,illu/ration3 ,,m>ble ,,head ,,f ,,olympia4 ,,museum ,,at ,,olympia4 ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts ,,& ,,greek ,,a?letic ,,art ,,by ,,walt] ,,woodburn ,,hyde ,illu/ration ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,c>negie ,,in/itution ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,,wa%+ton1 #aiba ,,c>negie ,,in/itution ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,,publication ,,no4 #bfh ,,press ,,( ,,gibson ,,bro!rs1 ,,inc4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,preface4 ,! purpose ( ! pres5t "w is to /udy :at is kn[n ( "o ( ! mo/ important g5res ( ,greek sculpture--! monum5ts erect$ at ,olympia & else:]e 9 ! ,greek _w 9 honor ( victori\s a?letes at ! ,olympic games4 ,s9ce only meagre remnants ( ^! monum5ts h surviv$1 ! "w is 9 ! ma9 conc]n$ ) ! attempt to recon/ruct _! v>i\s types & poses4 ,! s\rce-mat]ial on :i* ! attempt is bas$ has be5 indicat$ fully 9 ! text2 x is ( two k9ds1 lit]>y & ar*ological4 ,to ! =m] belong ! explanatory inscriptions on ! bases ( victor /atues f\nd at ,olympia & else:]e1 _m ( :i* agree v]bally ) epigrams pres]v$ 9 ! ,greek ,an?ologies2 ! incid5tal /atem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds & value f\nd 9 ! classical writ]s & _! s*olia/s2 &1 above all1 ! detail$ works ( ! two imp]ial writ]s1 ! eld] ,pl9y & ,pausanias4 ,pl9y's acc\nt ( ! ,greek arti/s1 :i* is ins]t$ into 8 ,hi/oria ,naturalis z a digression 7,books ,,xxxiv-,,xxxvi7--be+ artificially jo9$ to ! hi/ory ( m9]alogy on ! pretext ( ! mat]ials us$--is1 despite its uncritical & (t5 untru/wor?y "*1 "o ( our *ief m9es ( in=mation ab\t ,greek sculptors & pa9t]s4 ,! portions ( ,pausanias' ,description ( ,greece :i* deal ) ,elis & ! monum5ts ( ,olympia 7,books ,v-,,vi71 al?\gh !y also ev9ce little real und]/&+ ( art1 are ( f> m direct importance to our subject1 s9ce !y include a descriptive catalogue1 d\btless bas$ ^u p]sonal obs]vation1 ( ! great] "p ( ! a?lete monum5ts set up 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia1 ! recon/ruction ( :i* is ! *ief purpose ( ! pres5t "w4 ,to ! ar*ological s\rces1 on ! o!r h&1 belong1 fir/ & =emo/1 ! remnants ( victor /atues 9 /one & metal :i* h long be5 g>n]$ 9 mod]n museums or h come to light dur+ ! excavation ( ! ,altis4 ,to ?is small numb] ,i hope ,i h add$ at lea/ "o m>ble fragm5t f\nd at ,olympia1 ! head ( a /atue by ,lysippos1 ! la/ great sculptor ( ,greece 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi74 ,to ?is second k9d ( s\rces belong also ! /atue bases j m5tion$1 on _m ( :i* ! extant footm>ks enable u to det]m9e ! poses ( ! /atues !mselves :i* once /ood ^u !m4 ,fur!rmore1 an intimate k ( ,greek a?letic sculpture 9 all its p]iods & phases is1 ( c\rse1 ess5tial 9 treat+ a problem ( ?is nature4 ,"h1 z 9 ! /udy ( ,greek sculpture 9 g5]al1 :]e ! de/ruction ( orig9al ma/]pieces1 ap>t f ! few well-kn[n b spl5did exceptions1 has be5 complete1 we are almo/ entirely dep5d5t ^u second-h& evid5ce furni%$ by ! num]\s exi/+ antique copies & adaptations ( lo/ orig9als execut$ 9 m>ble & bronze by m or less skill$ workm5 = ! ,roman m>ket4 ,f9ally1 n only are ! innum]able /atuettes & small bronzes surviv+ f antiquity ( great value 9 any attempt to recon/ruct ! pose ( a giv5 a?lete /atue1 b also ! repres5tations ( v>i\s a?lete figures on e sort ( sculptur$ & pa9t$ "w--vase-pa9t+s1 wall-pa9t+s1 reliefs1 gems1 co9s1 etc4 ,by us+ all su* s\rces ( in=mation1 x is possible to atta9 tol]able c]ta9ty 9 recon/ruct+ ! v>i\s types & poses ( ^! lo/ monum5ts1 & 9 id5tify+ s*ools ( a?letic sculpture1 ma/]s1 & ev5 individual /atues4 ,b x mu/ be /at$ at ! outset t su* id5tifications1 f ! v nature ( ! problem1 are at be/ t5tative 9 "*4 ,! attempt to see 9 ,roman copies c]ta9 /atues ( a?letes has (t5 be5 made by ar*ologi/s4 ,h[ev] probable su* id5tifications may seem1 we mu/ n =get ! simple fact t up to ! pres5t "t n a s+le ,roman copy has be5 conclusively prov$ to be t ( an ,olympic victor /atue4 ,only z our k ( ,greek sculpture is gradually ext5d$ by discov]ies ( additional works ( art1 & by future rese>*es1 w x be possible to atta9 an ev] great] degree ( probability4 ,! fur!r id5tification ( ^! important monum5ts1 z t ( ma/]pieces ( ,greek sculpture g5]ally1 w ?us rema9 "o ( ! *ief problems = ! future ar*ologi/4 ,9 ! pres5t book1 :]e ! body ( mat]ial drawn ^u is s imm5se & ! sci5tific writ+s involv$ are s volum9\s1 manife/ly ! au?or c lay no claim to an exhau/ive treatm5t4 ,) due consci\sness ( ! defects & %ortcom+s ( ! "w1 he c claim only to h made a small selection ( su* works ( art z w be/ illu/rate ! v>i\s types ( monum5ts "u discussion4 ,! plan ( ! book is easily se5 by a glance at ! table ( cont5ts4 ,aft] a prelim9>y *apt] on ! orig9 & developm5t ( ,greek a?letic games 9 g5]al & on ! cu/om ( conf]r+ a?letic prizes on victors1 ! m specific subject ( ! "w is introduc$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii by brief discussions ( ! m g5]al *>act]i/ics common to ,olympic victor /atues--_! size1 nudity1 & hair-fa%ion1 _! portrait or non-portrait features1 & ! /&>d ( beauty rea*$ by "s ( !m at lea/1 z %[n by ! /hetic judgm5ts ( c]ta9 anci5t writ]s & by ! fragm5t>y orig9als :i* h surviv$4 ,! enum]ation ( ^! *>act]i/ics is foll[$ by a brief acc\nt ( ! v>i\s canons ( proportion assum$ to h be5 us$ & taught by diff]5t s*ools ( sculptors4 ,! *apt] ends ) a m ext5d$ acc\nt ( ! little-kn[n b important subject ( ! assimilation ( ?is class ( monum5ts to a?lete types ( gods & h]oes4 ,9 ,*apt]s ,,iii & ,,iv1 :i* are ! mo/ important 9 develop+ ! problem ( recon/ruction1 a division has be5 made into two great /atu>y gr\ps3 ^? 9 :i* ! victor 0 repres5t$ at re/1 :]e ! p>ticul> conte/ 0 indicat$1 if indicat$ at all1 by v g5]al motives or by p>ticul> a?letic attributes2 & ^? 9 :i* ! victor 0 repres5t$ 9 movem5t1 i4 e41 9 ! *>act]i/ic pose ( ! conte/ 9 :i* he won 8 victory4 ,*apt] ,v relates *iefly to ! monum5ts ( hippodrome victors1 ^? 9 ! v>i\s *>iot-races & horse-races1 & ends ) a v brief notice ( non-a?lete victor d$ications--^? ( musicians4 ,*apt] ,,vi gives a /yli/ic analysis ( :at are conceiv$ to be two orig9al m>ble heads f lo/ victor /atues1 "o ( :i* is ascrib$ to ,lysippos1 ! great bronze-f\nd] & art-re=m] ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :ile ! o!r is reg>d$ z an e>ly ,hell5i/ic "w ( eclectic t5d5cies4 ,! publication ( ^! m>ble heads & ( ! olde/-dat$ victor /atue1 :i* is also ( m>ble & :i* is discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii1 re9=c$ by o!r evid5ce adduc$ 9 ! latt] *apt]1 ov]?r[s ! belief t all victor /atues 7 uni=mly made ( bronze4 ,! publication ( ! ,olympia head also controv]ts ! usual assumption ( ar*ologi/s t ,lysippos work$ only 9 metal4 ,! la/ *apt] is conc]n$ ) a topographical /udy ( ! orig9al positions 9 ! ,altis ( ! v>i\s a?lete monum5ts discuss$1 & ) a li/ ( all ! victor monum5ts kn[n to h be5 erect$ outside ,olympia 9 v>i\s cities ( ! anci5t _w4 ,^! la/ ?ree *apt]s are bas$ on pap]s :i* h already appe>$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology 7,*apt]s ,,vi1 ,,vii1 & ! fir/ half ( ,,viii7 & 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association 7! la/ half ( ,*apt] ,,viii74 ,p]mission to use !m 9 ! pres5t book has be5 k9dly grant$ to ! au?or by ,dr4 ,james ,a4 ,paton1 =m] editor-9-*ief ( ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 & by ,pr(essor ,cl>5ce ,p4 ,bill1 ! secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association4 ,al?\gh x has be5 my aim ?r\gh\t to pres5t my own views 9 reg>d to ! v>i\s works ( art "u discussion1 ,i mu/1 ( c\rse1 ackn[l$ge t ! book is l>gely bas$ ^u ! "w & conclusions ( prec$+ s*ol>s :o h treat$ v>i\s phases ( ! same subject4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be unnecess>y & ev5 impossible "h to ackn[l$ge all ! works laid directly or indirectly "u contribution 9 ! composition ( ! book4 ,mo/ ( ^! h be5 record$ 9 ! footnotes4 ,b ,i wi% "h to express1 9 a m g5]al way1 my indebt$ness to ! /&>d hi/ories ( ,greek sculpture1 by ,brunn1 ,collignon1 ,g>d9]1 ,le*at1 ,murray1 ,ov]beck1 ,ri*>dson1 & o!rs1 :i* mu/ =m ! f\ndation ( ! k ( any "o :o writes on any phase ( ! subject4 ,among ^!1 two h be5 f\nd especially valuable3 ,bulle's ,d] s*o5e ,m5s* im ,alt]tum1 :i* is ju/ly not$ = its compreh5sive views & s\nd judgm5ts2 & ,furtwa5gl]'s ,die ,mei/]w]ke d] grie*is*5 ,pla/ik1 :i*1 al?\gh x has be5 kn[n to ,engli% read]s 9 its enl>g$ edition by ,miss ,eugnie ,sell]s = ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 is /ill priz$ = its ext5sive fir/h& k ( ! monum5ts & = its brilliant inductions1 ev5 if ! latt] at times are c>ri$ too f>4 ,p]haps my greate/ debt has be5 to ! excell5t volume entitl$ ,greek ,a?letic ,sports & ,fe/ivals1 by ,e4 ,norman ,g>d9]1 ,m4 ,a41 a s*ol> ^: practical k ( mod]n a?letic sports & wide famili>ity ) ! anci5t s\rce mat]ial1 bo? lit]>y & monum5tal1 has well fitt$ him to deal afre% ) ! subject treat$ s le>n$ly ov] ?ree qu>t]s ( a c5tury ago 9 ,krause's ,die ,gymna/ik und ,agoni/ik d] ,hell554 ,i h also con/antly drawn ^u ,g>d9]'s collection ( vase-pa9t+s :i* illu/rate a?letic sc5es4 ,i %\ld also note "h sev]al o!r works :i* h be5 ( great assi/ance 9 writ+ ?is book1 su* z ,jue?n]'s ,ueb] antike ,turng]ae! & edition ( ,philo/ratos' de ,arte gymna/ica1 ,reis*'s ,grie*is*e ,weihges*5ke1 ,r\se's ,greek ,votive ,(f]+s1 & ,fo]/]'s ,die ,sieg] 9 d5 ,olympis*5 ,spiel54 ,! *ronological li/ ( victors 9 ! latt] compilation 01 9 l>ge "p1 ! f\ndation ( my e>li] "w de olympionic>um ,/atuis4 ,i h also receiv$ mo/ valuable help f ! /&>d catalogues ( mod]n museums1 e4 g41 ^? by ,amelung1 ,dick9s1 ,helbig1 ,kabbadias1 ,le*at1 ,ri*t]1 de ,ridd]1 ,/as1 ,svoronos1 & especially ! admirable ones ( ! classical collections 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,i regret t1 ow+ to ! rec5t w>1 "s ( ! late/ catalogues1 ^? especially ( ! small] =eign museums1 h n be5 available4 ,= illu/rative matt]1 ,i h made no ef=t to reproduce m]ely /rik+ works ( art1 b h1 = ! mo/ "p1 pres5t$ well-kn[n works :i* readily illu/rate ! problems treat$ 9 ! text4 ,i h avail$ myself ( collections ( photographs k9dly plac$ at my disposal by ,pr(essors ,h]b]t ,e4 ,ev]ett ( ! ,s*ool ( ,f9e ,arts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,d4 ,m4 ,rob9son ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 ,a4 ,s4 ,cooley ( ! ,moravian ,college at ,be?lehem1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,dr4 ,m>y ,h4 ,sw9dl] ( ,bryn ,mawr ,college4 ,! v>i\s collections ( plates & ! books & j\rnals f :i* ,i h tak5 illu/rations are duly not$ 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,9 addition1 ,i wi% to ?ank ! foll[+ corporations & individuals = p]mission to reproduce plates & text-cuts f ! works cit$3 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 ( ,london1 = ! use ( f\r plates appe>+ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies 7,figs4 #dd1 #ed1 #ee1 & #ei72 ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london = sev5 plates f ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,pls4 #g;,a1 #ag1 #ai2 ,figs4 #ad1 #bh1 #ca1 & #ce72 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,a4 ,g>d9] & 8 publi%]s1 ,duckwor? & ,co41 ( ,london1 = two plates f ,six ,greek ,sculptors 7,pl4 #cj2 ,fig4 #ga72 ,mr4 ,h4 ,r4 ,hall1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & 8 publi%]1 ,philip ,lee ,w>n]1 ( ,london1 = "o f ,aegean ,ar*ology 7,fig4 #a72 ,pr(essor ,allan ,m>qu&1 ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity1 = "o text-cut f ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology 7,fig4 #di71 & ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,paton1 =m] editor-9-*ief1 = ?ree o!r text-cuts f ! same j\rnal 7,figs4 #gj1 #gb1 #gi74 ,to ! foll[+ ,i am also indebt$ = individual photographs3 ,dr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,svoronos1 ,director ( ! ,numismatic ,museum1 ,a!ns1 ,greece1 = "o ( ! olde/-dat$ /atues ( an ,olympic victor 7,fig4 #gi71 :i* has already appe>$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology2 ,dr4 ,a4 ,fairbanks1 ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on1 = ^? ( ! /atue ( a ,*>iote] 787 & ( ! fragm5t>y head ( ! ,oil-p\r] 7,pl4 #bg2 ,fig4 #bc72 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,rob9son1 ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york1 = ^? ( ! f9e ,kresilan & ,praxitelian heads 7,pls4 #ae1 #bj71 & ( ! bronze /atuette ( a diskobolos 7,fig4 #df72 ,pr(4 ,alice ,walton1 ( ,wellesley ,college1 = "o ( ! ,polykleitan a?lete 7,pl4 #ac72 ! ,director ( ! ,fogg ,art ,museum ( ,cambridge1 ,mass41 = t ( ! s-call$ ,meleag] 7,fig4 #gg72 ,dr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,luce1 rec5tly ( ! ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 = photographs ( two vase-pa9t+s %[+ a?letic sc5es 7,figs4 #ej1 #ef71 & ,dr4 ,eleanor ,f4 ,rambo1 =m]ly ( ! same ,museum1 = a copy ( ! ,knossos wall-pa9t+ 7,pl4 #a74 ,a ^w might be add$ z to ! spell+ ( ,greek prop] names4 ,s9ce consi/5cy 9 ?is matt] seems unatta9able1 ,i h adopt$ ! me?od outl9$ 9 ! ,briti% ,s*ool ,annual 7,,xv1 #aijh-ji1 p4 #djb71 :]eby ! names ( p]sons1 places1 build+s1 fe/ivals1 etc41 are translit]at$ f ! ,greek =ms1 except ^? :i* h become a "p ( ! ,engli% language4 ,b ev5 "h ,i h sometimes deviat$ f ! practice ( us+ famili> ,engli% =ms4 ,9 abbreviations ( ! names ( j\rnals 7see pages ,,xvi-,,xix7 ,i h l>gely con=m$ ) ! usage long recomm5d$ by ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 id5tify+ ! _m works ( art1 discuss$ or m5tion$ 9 ! text & foot-notes1 ,i h con/antly ref]r$ to well-kn[n collections ( plates1 su* z ^? ( ,brunn-,bruckmann1 ,bulle1 ,rayet1 & von ,ma*4 ,= fur!r conv5i5ce1 ,i h also 9 mo/ cases ref]r$ to ! outl9e draw+s ( /atues 9 ,re9a*'s ,rp]toire de la /atuaire grecque et roma9e1 & 9 "s cases to ! old] ones f\nd 9 ,cl>ac's ,muse de sculpture antique et mod]ne1 & 9 ,muell] & ,wiesel]'s ,d5kmael] d] alt5 ,kun/4 ,9 clos+1 ,i h ! pleasant duty ( ?ank+ g5]ally ! _m fri5ds :o h giv5 me valuable sugge/ions & assi/ance1 especially ,pr(essor ,lane ,coop]1 ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 = read+ ! pro(-%eets ( ! entire "w1 & ,pr(essor ,alfr$ ,em]son1 n[ ( ,pittsburgh1 ,p5nsylvania1 my =m] tea*]1 = revis+ ! li/ ( ,corrig5da4 ,,walt] ,,woodburn ,,hyde4 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,philadelphia1 ,octob]1 #aiba4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,e>ly ,,greek ,,games ,,& ,,prizes #a-db ,sports 9 ,crete #a ,a?letics 9 ,hom] #g ,orig9 ( ,greek ,games 9 ! ,cult ( ! ,dead #i ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,f\r ,national ,games #ad ,e>ly ,prizes = ,a?letes #ah ,d$ication ( ,a?lete ,prizes #ba ,d$ication ( ,/atues at ,olympia & ,else:]e #bd ,honors ,paid to ,victors by _! ,native ,cities #cb ,votive ,"* ( ,victor ,d$ications #cg ,miscellane\s ,memorials to ,victors #dj ,honor>y ,/atues #da ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues ,,at ,,olympia #dc-ih ,size ( ,victor ,/atues #de ,nudity ( ,victor ,/atues #dg ,! ,a?letic ,hair-fa%ion #ej ,iconic & ,aniconic ,/atues #ed ,portrait ,/atues #ee ,aniconic ,/atues #eh ,ae/hetic ,judgm5ts ( ,classical ,writ]s #eh ,greek ,orig9als ( ,victor ,/atues #fb ,canons ( ,proportion #fe ,assimilation ( ,olympic ,victor ,/atues to ,types ( ,gods & ,h]oes #ga ,a?lete ,/atues ,assimilat$ to ,types ( ,h]mes #ge ,a?lete ,/atues ,assimilat$ to ,types ( ,apollo #hh ,a?lete ,/atues ,assimilat$ to ,types ( ,h]akles #ic ,a?letes ,repres5t$ z ! ,diosk\roi #if ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,victor ,,/atues ,,repres5t$ ,,at ,,re/ #ii-agb ,! ,apollo ,type #ajj ,! ,affiliat$ ,s*ools ( ,argos & ,sikyon #aji ,! ,s*ool ( ,argos #aji ,! ,s*ool ( ,sikyon #aah ,aeg9etan ,sculptors #abb ,attic ,sculptors #abf ,g5]al ,motives ( ,/atues at ,re/ #acj ,adoration & ,pray] #acj ,ano9t+ #acc ,oil-scrap+ #ace ,libation-p\r+ #ach ,re/+ aft] ! ,conte/ #add ,attributes ( ,victor ,/atues #adg ,prim>y ,attributes ( ,victor ,/atues #adh ,! ,victor ,fillet #adh ,fillet-b9d]s #aej ,! ,cr[n ( ,wild ,olive #aee ,! ,palm-bran* #afj ,second>y ,attributes ( ,victor ,/atues #afa ,hoplitodromoi #afa ,p5ta?letes #afd ,box]s #afe ,wre/l]s #afe ,caps = ,box]s1 ,pancratia/s1 & ,wre/l]s #afe ,! ,swoll5 ,e> #afg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,victor ,,/atues ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,motion #agc-bef ,! ,tyrannicides #agc ,antiquity ( ,motion ,/atues 9 ,greece #agf ,py?agoras & ,myron #agh ,motion ,/atues repres5t+ ,victors 9 ,v>i\s ,conte/s #ahh ,runn]s3 ,/adiodromoi1 ,diaulodromoi1 ,doli*odromoi #aij ,! ,/atue ( ! ,runn] ,ladas #aif ,/atues ( ,boy ,runn]s #bjj ,hoplitodromoi #bjc ,p5ta?letes #baj ,jump]s #bad ,diskoboloi #bah ,akonti/ai #bbb ,wre/l]s #bbh ,box]s #bcd ,pancratia/s #bdf ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,monum5ts ,,( ,,hippodrome ,,& ,,musical ,,victors #beg-bhe ,programme ( ,hippodrome ,ev5ts #bei ,repres5tations ( ! ,*>iot-race #bfb ,*>iot-gr\ps at ,olympia #bfd ,rema9s ( ,*>iot-gr\ps #bfi ,! ,apobates ,*>iot-race #bgb ,/atues ( ,*>iote]s #bgd ,d$ications ( ,victors 9 ! ,horse-race at ,olympia & ,else:]e #bgh ,monum5ts ,illu/rat+ ! ,horse-race #bhj ,! ,apobates ,horse-race #bhb ,d$ications ( ,musical ,victors at ,olympia & ,else:]e #bhc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,two ,,m>ble ,,heads ,,f ,,victor ,,/atues #bhf-cbj ,! ,gr\p ( ,dao*os at ,delphi1 & ,lysippos #bhf ,! ,apoxyom5os ( ! ,vatican1 & ,lysippos #bhh ,! ,agios & ! ,apoxyom5os comp>$1 & ! ,/yle ( ,lysippos #bhi ,! ,head f ,olympia #bic ,! ,olympia ,head & t ( ! ,agias #bid ,id5tification ( ! ,olympia ,head #bih ,! ,dates ( ,phil&ridas & ,lysippos #cjj ,lysippos z a ,work] 9 ,m>ble1 & ,/atue 8,d\bles0 #cjb ,! ,head ( a ,/atue ( a ,boy f ,sp>ta1 & ! ,art ( ,skopas #cjc ,comp>ison ( ! ,tegea ,heads & ! ,head f ,sp>ta #cjh ,! ,/yles ( ,skopas & ,lysippos ,comp>$ #caa ,! ,sp>ta ,head ,comp>$ ) t ( ! ,phil&ridas #caf ,! ,sp>ta ,head an ,eclectic ,"w & an ,example ( ,assimilation #cah ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts1 ,,& ,,! ,,olde/-,,dat$ ,,victor ,,/atue #cba-cch ,! ,case = ,bronze #cba ,! ,case = ,/one #cbc ,! ,/atue ( ,arrha*ion at ,phigalia #cbf ,egyptian ,influ5ce on ,e>ly ,greek ,sculpture #cbh ,e>ly ,victor ,/atues & ! 8,apollo0 ,type #ccd ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,positions ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues ,,9 ,,! ,,altis2 ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts ,,erect$ ,,outside ,,olympia2 ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,/atu>ies #cci-cge ,/atues ,m5tion$ by ,pausanias #cci ,! ,fir/ ,ephodos ( ,pausanias #cda ,! ,second ,ephodos ( ,pausanias #cdh ,summ>y ( ,results #ceb ,/atues n ,m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 b kn[n f ,recov]$ ,bases #cec ,olympic ,victor ,monum5ts ,erect$ ,outside ,olympia #cfa ,summ>y ( ,results #cgd ,/ati/ics ( ,olympic ,victor ,/atu>ies #cge ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,plates4 ,,fac+ ,,page ,m>ble ,head1 f ,olympia4 ,front view4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,liv1 #c ,frontispiece4 #a4 ,bull-grappl+ ,sc5e4 ,wall-pa9t+1 f ,knossos4 ,museum ( ,c&ia4 ,aft] ,photograph f copy 9 wat]color by ,gilliron 9 ! 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,pray+ ,boy4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,aft] ,photograph #acb #aa4 ,/atue ( s-call$ ,oil-p\r]4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,bruckmann #acd #ab4 ,/atue ( an ,apoxyom5os4 ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #ebc #acf #ac4 ,/atue ( an ,a?lete1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,f>nswor? ,museum1 ,wellesley ,college1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,aft] ,photograph #ach #ad4 ,bronze ,/atue kn[n z ! ,idol9o4 ,museo ,ar*eologico1 ,flor5ce4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #bgd #adb #ae4 ,m>ble ,head ( an ,a?lete1 aft] ,kresilas 7874 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,aft] ,photograph #add #af4 ,bronze ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box]4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 f#a_/;f1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,iv #adf #ag4 ,/atue kn[n z ! ,f>nese ,diad\m5os4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,vi #aej #ah4 ,/atue ( ! ,diad\m5os1 f ,delos4 ,aft] ,polykleitos4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,al9>i #aeb #ai4 ,/atue kn[n z ! ,we/macott ,a?lete4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! 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,apoxyom5os4 ,aft] ,lysippos or 8 ,s*ool4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #cha #bhh #cj4 ,/atue ( ,h]akles4 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4 ,aft] ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lvi #bih ,,plans4 ,,fac+ ,,page ,a4 ,! ,altis at ,olympia 9 ! ,greek ,p]iod 7,?ird ,c5tury ,b4 ,c474 ,aft] ,do]pfeld1 9 ,ergebnisse von ,olympia1 ,k>t5 und ,pla5e1 ,no4 ,,iii #cgf ,b4 ,! ,altis at ,olympia 9 ! ,roman ,p]iod 7,second ,c5tury ,a4 ,d474 ,aft] ,do]pfeld1 9 ,ergebnisse von ,olympia1 ,k>t5 und ,pla5e1 ,no4 ,,iv #cgf ,,text-,,figures4 ,,page #a4 ,s-call$ ,box] ,vase1 f ,hagia ,triada4 ,f a ,ca/ 7) h&le re/or$7 9 ! ,museum ( ,c&ia4 ,aft] ,h4 ,r4 ,hall1 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 ,pl4 ,,xvi #f #b4 ,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,victor1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,viii1 ,no4 #eg #bh #c4 ,bronze ,head ( an ,olympic ,victor1 f ,b5ev5tum4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,aft] ,photograph #fd #d4 ,bronze ,head ( an ,olympic ,victor1 f ,h]culaneum4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #cbc 7,"r7 #fe #e4 ,bronze ,portrait-/atue ( a ,hell5i/ic ,pr9ce4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,al9>i #gc #f4 ,bronze ,/atuette ( ,h]mes-,diskobolos1 f\nd 9 ! 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,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph #aae #ah4 ,head ( an ,ephebe1 f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,rhomades #aaf #ai4 ,bronze ,/atuette ( ,apollo1 f\nd 9 ! ,sea (f ,piomb9o4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,giraudon #aai #bj4 ,figure1 f ! ,ea/ ,p$im5t ( ! ,temple on ,aeg9a4 ,glypo!k1 ,muni*4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,bruckmann #abd #ba4 ,two ,figures1 f ! ,we/ ,p$im5t ( ! ,temple on ,aeg9a4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,bruckmann #abe #bb4 ,ar*aic ,m>ble ,head ( a ,y\?4 ,jacobs5 ,collection1 ,ny-,c>lsb]g ,museum1 ,cop5hag54 ,aft] ,arndt1 ,la ,glyplo?que ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 #ahif1 ,pl4 ,i #abh #bc4 ,head ( s-call$ ,oil-p\r]4 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4 ,aft] ,photograph #acd #bd4 ,bronze ,/atuette ( an ,a?lete4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,aft] ,furtwa5gl]1 ,ma/]pieces1 ,pl4 ,,xiii #aci #be4 ,bronze ,head ( an ,a?lete1 f ,h]culaneum4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #cci 7,left7 #adj #bf4 ,m>ble ,/atue ( an ,a?lete 7874 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph #adc #bg4 ,head f ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box] 7,pl4 #af74 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,&]son #adf #bh4 ,/atue ( ! ,diad\m5os1 f ,vaison1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,iv #aec #bi4 ,head ( ! ,diad\m5os1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,alb]t9um1 ,dresd54 ,aft] ,furtwa5gl]1 ,ma/]pieces1 ,pl4 ,x #aed #cj4 ,m>ble ,heads ( two ,hoplitodromoi1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #a-b & #i-aj #afb #ca4 ,head ( ,h]akles1 f ,g5zano4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,xxi #agj #cb4 ,/atue ( ,h>modios4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #cbg #agd #cc4 ,head ( an ,a?lete1 f ,p]9?os4 ,alb]t9um1 ,dresd54 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #edb 7,"r7 #ahj #cd4 ,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 aft] ,myron4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph #ahe #ce4 ,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 aft] ,myron4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,m>bles & ,bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii #ahf #cf4 ,a & ,b4 ,a?letic ,sc5es f a ,bac*ic ,amphora 9 ,rome4 ,a4 ,/adiodromoi & ,leap]4 ,b4 ,diskobolos & ,akonti/ai4 ,aft] ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclix #aib #cg4 ,a?letic ,sc5es f a ,six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,pana!naic ,amphora4 ,/adiodromoi 7,left7 & ,doli*odromoi 7,"r74 ,aft] ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,i1 #ahbi-cc1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 #f b1 #g b #aic #ch4 ,/atue ( a ,runn]4 ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,&]son #aih #ci4 ,/atue ( a ,runn]4 ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,&]son #aih #dj4 ,/atue ( ! 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,sea (f ,antiky!ra4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,svoronos1 ,pl4 ,v1 ,no4 #d #bcg #ec4 ,=e>m ) ,glove4 ,f ! ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box] 7,pl4 #af74 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,jue?n]1 ,fig4 #fb #bch #ed4 ,box+ ,sc5es4 ,f a r4-f4 ,kylix by ,d\ris4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xii #bdj #ee4 ,box+ & ,pankration ,sc5es4 ,f a r4-f4 ,kylix4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 ,pl4 ,,xiii #bda #ef4 ,box+ ,sc5e4 ,f a b4-f4 ,pana!naic ,panel-amphora4 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,museum1 ,philadelphia4 ,aft] ,photograph #bdb #eg4 ,/atue ( a ,box]1 f ,sorr5to4 ,by ,koblanos ( ,aphrodisias4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,aft] ,b4 ,b41 ,no4 #fad #bdb #eh4 ,/atue kn[n z ,pollux4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,aft] ,photograph by ,giraudon #bde #ei4 ,pankration ,sc5e4 ,f a ,pana!naic ,amphora by ,kittos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,iii #bdh #fj4 ,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,pancratia/ 7871 f ,autun1 ,france4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,aft] ,bulle1 ,pl4 #if 7,"r7 #bej #fa4 ,bronze ,head ( a ,box]7871 f ,olympia4 ,a 7,pr(ile72 ,b 7,front74 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b;a & #b #bed #fb4 ,bronze ,foot ( a ,victor ,/atue1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iii1 #c #bec #fc4 ,*>iote] ,m\nt+ a ,*>iot4 ,bas-relief f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph #bgj #fd4 ,apobates & ,*>iot4 ,relief f ! ,nor? ,frieze ( ! ,p>!non1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,photograph #bgc #fe4 ,*>iote]4 ,relief f ! small ,frieze ( ! ,mausoleion1 ,halik>nassos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,photograph #bgd #ff4 ,bronze ,/atue ( ! ,delphi ,*>iote]4 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,aft] ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,l #bgg #fg4 ,horse-rac]4 ,f a ,six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 b4-f4 ,pana!naic ,vase4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,aft] ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclvii 7,bottom74 #bhj #fh4 ,head f ! ,/atue ( ,agias 7,pl4 #bh74 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,aft] ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,lxiv #bhg #fi4 ,m>ble ,head1 f ,olympia4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ,front ,view 7,cf4 ,frontispiece74 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,liv1 #d #bic #gj4 ,pr(ile ,draw+s ( ! ,heads ( ! ,agias & ! ,phil&ridas4 ,aft] ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #aijg1 p4 #djc1 ,fig4 #f #bie #ga4 ,head ( ! ,/atue ( ,h]akles 7,pl4 #cj74 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4 ,aft] ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lvii #bih #gb4 ,m>ble ,head ( a ,boy1 f\nd ne> ! ,akropolis1 ,sp>ta4 ,9 ,private ,possession 9 ,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,aft] ,photograph #cje #gc4 ,s-call$ ,head ( ,h]akles f ,tegea1 by ,skopas4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxv1 #aija1 ,pl4 ,,vii #cjg #gd4 ,attic ,grave-relief1 f\nd 9 ! ,b$ ( ! ,ilissos1 ,a!ns4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,aft] ,a4 ,conze1 ,attis*e ,grabreliefs1 ,pl4 ,,ccxi #cab #ge4 ,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,photograph #cac #gf4 ,head ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,villa ,m$ici1 ,rome4 ,aft] ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 #b;a #cad #gg4 ,torso ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,aft] ,photograph #cae #gh4 ,small ,m>ble ,torso ( a ,boy ,victor1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,aft] ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #b #cbe #gi4 ,/one ,/atue ( ! ,olympic ,victor1 ,arrha*ion1 f ,phigalia4 ,9 ! ,gu>ds' ,h\se at ,bassai 7,phigalia74 ,aft] ,photograph #cbg #hj4 ,/atues ( ,ra-nef] & ,tepemankh1 f ,sakk>ah4 ,museum ( ,cairo4 ,aft] ,bulle1 ,pl4 #e #cca ,,! ,,mo/ ,,common ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,notes4 ,a4 ,a4 ,ar*aeologis*] ,anzeig]1 ,beiblatt zum ,jahrbu*1 #ahhi-4 ,afr4 ,s4 ,iulii ,africani 1 apud ,euseb41 ,*ron41 ed4 ,a4 ,s*o5e1 ,i1 pp4 #aid-bbj4 ,b]l91 #ahge4 ,see also ,rutg]s4 ,a4 ,g4 ,an?ologia ,graeca1 cur4 ,f4 ,jacobs1 ,i-,,iii4 ,leipsic1 #ahac-ahag4 ,a4 ,pl4 ,an?ologia ,planudea1 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #ahad4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 #a/ s]ies1 #ahhe-ahif2 #b;d s]ies1 #ahig-4 ,a4 ,m4 ,mitteilung5 des kais]li* deuts*5 ar*aeologis*5 ,in/ituts1 ,a!nis*e ,abteilung4 ,a!ns1 #ahgf-4 ,amelung1 ,fuehr] ,w4 ,amelung1 ,fuehr] dur* die ,antik5 9 ,flor5z4 ,muni*1 #ahig4 ,amelung1 ,vat4 ,w4 ,amelung1 ,die ,skulptur5 des ,vatikanis*5 ,museums1 ,textbd41 ,i-,,ii3 ,tafelbd41 ,i-,,ii4 ,b]l91 #aijc1 #aijh4 ,annali ,annali dell' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ar*eologica4 ,rome1 #ahbi-ahhe4 ,ant4 ,d5km4 ,antike ,d5kmael]1 h]ausgegeb5 vom kais]li* deuts*5 ar*aeologis*5 ,in/itut4 ,b]l91 #ahhf-4 ,ar*4 ,eph4 4 ,a!ns1 #c;d ,p]41 #ahhc-4 7,! title be=e #aiaj 0 47 ,arndt-,amelung ,photographis*e ,e9zelaufnahm5 antik] ,skulptur5 7) text74 ,muni*1 #ahic-aijb4 ,cit$ 9 ,g]man publications z ,e9zelv]kauf4 ,a4 ,z4 ,ar*aeologis*e ,zeitung4 ,b]l91 #ahdc-ahhe4 ,baum4 ,a4 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kmael] des klassis*5 ,alt]tums1 ,i-,,iii4 ,muni* & ,leipsic1 #ahhi4 ,b4 ,b4 ,brunn-,bruckmann1 ,d5kmael] grie*is*] und roemis*] ,skulptur4 ,muni*1 #ahhh4 ,text f ,no4 #ejj 7#ahig-7 by ,f4 ,arndt4 7,plates cit$ by numb]74 ,b4 ,c4 ,h4 ,bullet9 de ,correspondance hellnique4 ,p>is1 #ahgg-4 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol4 ,olympia1 ,die ,ergebnisse1 ,text- und ,tafelbd41 ,,iii1 ,die ,bildw]ke von ,olympia 9 ,/e9 und ,?on4 ,by ,g4 ,treu4 ,b]l91 #ahig4 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronz4 ,catalogue ( ! ,bronzes1 ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,etruscan1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,by ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt4 ,catalogue ( ,sculpture 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,i-,,iii4 ,by ,a4 ,h4 ,smi?4 ,london1 #ahib-aijd4 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases ,catalogue ( ! ,greek & ,etruscan ,vases 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,i1 #b1 ,,ii1 ,,iv1 by ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s2 ,,iii1 by ,c4 ,h4 ,smi?4 ,london1 #ahic-aiab4 ,boeckh ,a4 ,boeckh1 ,p9d>i ,op]a1 ,,ii1 ,s*olia4 ,leipsic1 #ahai4 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol4 ,olympia1 ,die ,ergebnisse1 ,text- und ,tafelbd41 ,,iv1 ,die ,bronz5 und die uebrig5 kle9]5 ,funde von ,olympia4 ,by ,a4 ,furtwa5gl]4 ,b]l91 #ahij4 ,brunn ,h4 ,brunn1 ,ges*i*te d] grie*is*5 ,ku5/l]1 ,i 7,bildhau]74 ,brunswick1 #ahec4 7,repr9t$1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhi74 ,b4 ,s4 ,a4 ,annual ( ! ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns4 ,london1 #ahid-ahie-4 ,bulle ,h4 ,bulle1 ,d] s*o5e ,m5s* im ,alt]tum4 ,second edition1 ,muni* & ,leipsic1 #aiab4 7 ,vol4 ,i ( ,g4 ,hir?'s ,d] ,/il47 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom4 ,bullet9o della ,commissione ,ar*eologica ,comunale di ,roma4 ,rome1 #ahgb-4 ,bull4 d4 ,in/4 ,bullet9o dell' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ar*eologica4 ,rome1 #ahbi-ahhe4 ,c4 ,i4 ,a4 ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,attic>um1 ,i-,,iv4 ,b]l91 #ahgc-ahig4 7,i1 ed4 ,a4 ,kir*h(f2 ,,ii1 ,pts4 #a-d1 & ,,iv1 ,pts4 #a-b1 ed4 ,u4 ,koehl]2 ,,iii1 ,pts4 #a-b1 ed4 ,w4 ,ditt5b]g]74 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,graec>um1 ,i-,,iv4 ,b]l91 #ahbh-ahgg4 7,i-,,ii1 ed4 ,a4 ,boeckh2 ,,iii1 ed4 ,j4 ,franz3 ,,iv1 ed4 ,e4 ,curtius & ,a4 ,kir*h(f47 ,cl>ac ,f4 de ,cl>ac1 ,muse de sculpture antique et mod]ne4 ,text1 ,i-,,vi3 ,plates1 ,i-,,vi4 ,p>is1 #ahbf-ahec4 ,see also ,re9a*1 ,rp4 ,collignon ,m4 ,collignon1 ,hi/oire de la sculpture grecque1 ,i-,,ii4 ,p>is1 #ahib1 #ahig4 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr4 ,comptes-,r5dus de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres4 ,p>is1 #aheg-4 ,d>4-,sagl4 ,c4 ,d>emb]g1 ,e4 ,saglio1 et ,e4 ,potti]1 ,dictionnaire des antiquits grecques et roma9es4 ,p>is1 #ahgg-aiah4 ,dick9s ,g4 ,dick9s1 ,catalogue ( ! ,akropolis ,museum1 ,i 7,ar*aic ,sculpture74 ,cambridge1 #aiab4 ,duets*ke ,h4 ,duets*ke1 ,antike ,bildw]ke 9 ,ob]itali51 ,i-,,iv4 ,leipsic1 #ahgd-ahhj4 7,works ( art cit$ by numb]47 ,f4 ,h4 ,g4 ,fragm5ta hi/oriorum ,graecorum1 coll4 ,c4 ,muell]us1 ,i-,,iv4 ,p>is1 #ahda-ahea4 ,fo]/] ,h4 ,fo]/]1 ,die ,sieg] 9 d5 ,olympis*5 ,spiel54 ,wiss5s*aftli*e ,beilage zum ,programm des ,gymnasiums zu ,zwickau1 #ahia1 #ahib4 7,! numb]s ref] to victors 9 *ronological ord]47 ,fraz] ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,pausanias's ,description ( ,greece1 ,i-,,vi4 ,london1 #ahih4 ,froehn]1 ,notice ,w4 ,froehn]1 ,notice de la sculpture ant4 du muse imprial du ,l\vre4 ,p>is1 #ahfi4 ,furtw41 ,mp4 ,a4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,ma/]pieces ( ,greek ,sculpture4 ,translat$ & enl>g$ f ! foll[+ "w1 by ,miss ,eugnie ,sell]s 7n[ ,mrs4 ,/rong74 ,london1 #ahie4 ,furtw41 ,mw4 ,a4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mei/]w]ke d] grie*is*5 ,pla/ik4 ,leipsic & ,b]l91 #ahic4 ,f4 ,w4 ,c4 ,fri$]i*s1 ,bau/e9e zur ,ges*i*te d4 grie*4-roem4 ,pla/ik1 #ahfh4 ,revis$ edition1 entitl$ ,die ,gipsabguesse antik] ,bildw]ke1 by ,p4 ,wolt]s4 ,b]l91 #ahhe4 ,g>d9] ,e4 ,norman ,g>d9]1 ,greek ,a?letic ,sports & ,fe/ivals4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk4 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,a ,h&book ( ,greek ,sculpture4 ,second edition revis$4 ,london1 #aiae4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt4 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,six ,greek ,sculptors4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,gaz4 ar*4 ,gazette ar*ologique4 ,p>is1 #ahge--4 ,gaz4 ,b4-,a4 ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts4 ,p>is1 ,pr4 ,i1 #ahei-ahfh2 ,,ii1 #ahfi-ahhh2 ,,iii1 #ahhi--4 ,g]h>d ,e4 ,g]h>d1 ,aus]les5e ,vas5bild]1 ,vol4 ,,iv 7,alltagsleb574 ,b]l91 #ahdj4 ,helbig1 ,fuehr] ,w4 ,helbig1 & o!rs1 ,fuehr] dur* die oeff5tli*5 ,sammlung5 klassis*] ,alt]tuem] 9 ,rom4 ,?ird edition1 ,i-,,ii4 ,leipsic1 #aiab1 #aiac4 ,helbig1 ,guide ,guide to ! ,public ,collections ( ,classical ,antiquities 9 ,rome4 ,translation f ! prec$+ "w 7#a/ ed47 by ,j4 ,f4 & ,f4 ,muirhead1 ,i-,,ii4 ,leipsic1 #ahie1 #ahif4 ,hitz4-,bluemn4 ,h4 ,hitzig et ,h4 ,bluemn]1 ,pausaniae ,graeciae ,descriptio4 ,i-,,iii 7,ea* 9 #b ,p>ts74 ,leipsic1 #ahif-aijg4 ,hyde ,gualt]us 7 ,walt] ,woodburn7 ,hyde1 de olympionic>um ,/atuis a ,pausania commemoratis4 ,halle1 #aijb2 enl>g$1 #aijc4 ,numb]s cit$ ref] to victors 9 ! ord] giv5 by ,pausanias4 ,i4 ,g4 ,inscriptiones ,graecae 7= cont5ts & numb]+ ( volumes1 see ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,ix1 #aije1 pp4 #if-ig74 ,i4 ,g4 ,a4 ,inscriptiones ,graecae antiquissimae praet] ,atticas 9 ,attica rep]tas4 ,ed4 ,h4 ,roehl4 ,b]l91 #ahhb4 ,i4 ,g4 ,b4 ,ins*rift5 grie*is*] ,bildhau]4 ,ed4 ,e4 ,loewy4 ,leipsic1 #ahhe4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol4 ,olympia1 ,die ,ergebnisse1 ,textbd41 ,v1 ,die ,ins*rift5 von ,olympia4 ,by ,w4 ,ditt5b]g] & ,k4 ,purgold4 ,b]l91 #ahif4 ,jb4 ,jahrbu* des kais]li* deuts*5 ar*aeologis*5 ,in/ituts4 ,b]l91 #ahhf--4 ,jex-,blake ,k4 ,jex-,blake & ,e4 ,sell]s1 ,! ,eld] ,pl9y's ,*apt]s on ! ,hi/ory ( ,art 7*iefly ,bks4 ,,xxxiv-,,xxxvi ( ! ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 cit$ z ,h4 ,n474 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahif4 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/4 ,jahre%efte des oe/]rei*is*5 ar*aeologis*5 ,in/itutes 9 ,wi54 ,vi5na1 #ahih--4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies4 ,london1 #ahhj--4 ,j\b9 ,a4 ,j\b91 ,la ,sculpture grecque entre les ,gu]res ,mdiques et l'poque de ,pricls4 ,p>is1 #aija4 ,jue?n] ,j4 ,jue?n]1 ,ueb] antike ,turng]ae!4 ,vi5na1 #ahif4 ,jue?n]1 ,ph4 ,j4 ,jue?n]1 ,philo/ratos ueb] ,gymna/ik4 ,leipsic & ,b]l91 #aiji4 ,kabbadias ,p4 ,kabbadias1 4 ,a!ns1 #ahij-ahib4 ,kle9 ,w4 ,kle91 ,ges*i*te d] grie*is*5 ,kun/1 ,i-,,iii4 ,leipsic1 #aijd-aijg4 ,krause ,j4 ,h4 ,krause1 ,die ,gymna/ik und ,agoni/ik d] ,hell551 ,i-,,ii4 ,leipsic1 #ahda4 ,le*at ,h4 ,le*at1 ,la ,sculpture attique avant ,phidias4 ,p>is1 #aijd4 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse ,h4 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse de l',acropole d',a?nes4 ,lyon1 #aijc4 ,ma*1 von ,e4 von ,ma*1 ,a ,h&book ( ,greek & ,roman ,sculpture1 ,i-,,ii 7,text & ,univ]sity ,pr9ts74 ,bo/on1 #aiad4 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,matz & ,f4 von ,duhn1 ,antike ,bildw]ke 9 ,rom41 ,i-,,iii4 ,leipsic1 #ahha-ahhb4 ,mi*aelis ,a4 ,mi*aelis1 ,anci5t ,m>bles 9 ,great ,brita94 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,c4 ,a4 ,m4 ,f5nell4 ,cambridge1 #ahhb4 ,mon4 d4 ,i4 ,monum5ti in$iti dell' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ar*eologica4 ,rome1 #ahbi-ahhe4 ,mon4 ant4 ,monum5ti anti*i publicati p] cura della ,reale ,accademia dei ,l9cei4 ,rome1 #ahhi--4 ,mon4 gr4 ,monum5ts grecs publis p> l',association p\r l',enc\ragem5t des tudes grecques en ,france1 #ahgb--4 7,vol4 ,i1 conta9+ repr9ts ( articles f #ahgb1 appe>$ 9 #ahha74 ,mon4 ,piot4 ,monum5ts et ,mmoires publis p> l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres4 ,fondation ,eugne ,piot4 ,p>is1 #ahid--4 ,murray ,a4 ,s4 ,murray1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,sculpture4 ,second edition1 ,i-,,ii4 ,london1 #ahij4 ,museum ,m>bles ,a ,description ( ! ,anci5t ,m>bles 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pts4 ,i-,,xi4 ,london1 #ahab-ahfa4 ,m4 ,w4 ,k4 ,o4 ,muell] & ,f4 ,wiesel]1 ,d5kmael] d] alt5 ,kun/4 ,goett+51 #ahed-ahgg4 ,n4 ,scav4 ,notizie degli ,scavi di ,anti*it comunicate alla ,reale ,accademia dei ,l9cei4 ,rome1 #ahgf--4 ,ov]beck ,j4 ,ov]beck1 ,ges*i*te d] grie*4 ,pla/ik4 ,f\r? edition1 ,i-,,ii4 ,leipsic1 #ahic-ahih4 ,oxy4 ,pap4 ,! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri1 ed4 by ,b4 ,p4 ,gr5fell & ,a4 ,s4 ,hunt1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bb f4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,p4 ,pausaniae ,graeciae descriptio1 rec4 ,f4 ,spiro1 ,i-,,iii4 ,leipsic1 #aijc4 ,pauly-,wiss[a ,g4 ,wiss[a & ,w4 ,kroll1 ,pauly's ,real-encyclopa$ie d] classis*5 ,alt]tumswiss5s*aft4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahid--4 ,p]rot-,*ipiez ,g4 ,p]rot & ,*4 ,*ipiez1 ,hi/oire de l'art dans l'antiquit3 ,,vi 7,la ,grce primitive72 ,,viii1 ,la ,grce ar*aque4 ,p>is1 #ahid1 #aijc4 ,ph4 ,philo/ratos1 de ,arte gymna/ica1 ed4 ,jue?n]1 #aiji 7see ,jue?n]1 ,ph474 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n4 ,see ,jex-,blake4 ,p4 l4 ,g4 ,poetae lyrici ,graeci1 rec4 ,?4 ,b]gk4 ,f\r? edition1 ,i-,,iii4 ,leipsic1 #ahgh-ahhb4 ,i1 ,pt4 #a ed4 #e1 rec4 ,o4 ,s*ro$]1 #aijj4 ,rayet ,o4 ,rayet1 ed4 ,monum5ts de l',art antique1 ,i-,,ii4 ,p>is1 #ahhd4 ,re9a*1 ,rp4 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,rp]toire de la /atuaire grecque et roma9e1 ,i1 second edition2 ,,ii1 ,pts4 #a1 #b1 second edition2 #aaa-;,,iv1 fir/ edition4 ,p>is #aijd-aiaj4 ,i ,repr9t ( ,cl>ac ,cl>ac de po*e4 ,re9a*1 ,ttes ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,recueil de ttes antiques ideales et idealises4 ,p>is1 #aijc4 ,reis* ,e4 ,reis*1 ,grie*is*e ,weihges*5ke4 ,vi5na1 #ahij4 ,r4 ,ar*4 ,revue ,ar*ologique4 ,p>is1 ,sr4 #a1 #ahdd-ahfj2 ,,ii1 #ahfj-ahhb2 ,,iii1 #ahhc-aijb2 ,,iv1 #aijc--4 ,r4 t4 ,gr4 ,revue des tudes grecques4 ,p>is1 #ahhh--4 ,ri*>dson ,r4 ,b4 ,ri*>dson1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,sculpture4 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,ridd]1 de ,a4 de ,ridd]1 ,catalogue des bronzes tr\ves sur l'acropole d',a!nes4 ,p>is1 #ahif4 ,r4 ,m4 ,mitteilung5 des kais]li* deuts*5 ar*aeologis*5 ,in/ituts1 ,roemis*e ,abteilung4 ,rome1 #ahhf--4 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s4 ,c4 ,rob]t1 ,die ,ordnung d] ,olympis*5 ,spiele und die ,sieg] d] #ge4-hc4 ,olympiade3 ,h]mes1 ,,xxxv1 #aijj1 pp4 #ada f4 ,ros*]1 ,lex4 ,w4 ,h4 ,ros*]1 ,lexikon d] grie*is*5 und roemis*5 ,my?ologie4 ,leipsic1 #ahhd--4 ,r\se ,w4 ,d4 ,r\se1 ,greek ,votive ,(f]+s4 ,cambridge1 #aijb4 ,rutg]s ,j4 ,r4 ,rutg]s1 ,s4 ,julii ,africani 4 ,leyd51 #ahfb4 ,s*]] ,*r4 ,s*]]1 de olympionic>um ,/atuis1 ,diss4 inaug41 ,goett+51 #ahhe4 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad4 ,sitzungsb]i*te d] philosophis*-philologis*5 und d] hi/oris*5 ,klasse d] ko5igli* ,bay]is*5 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft5 zu ,mu5*54 ,muni*1 #ahga--4 ,specim5s ,specim5s ( ,anci5t ,sculpture 444 ,select$ f diff]5t ,collections 9 ,great ,brita9 by ! ,society ( ,dilettanti1 ,i-,,iii4 ,london1 #ahji-ahce4 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis ,a4 ,spr+] & ,a4 ,mi*aelis1 ,h&bu* d] ,kun/ges*i*te1 ,i4 ,das ,alt]tum4 ,n9? edition4 ,leipsic1 #aiaa4 ,s4 ,q4 ,die ,antik5 ,s*riftquell5 zur ,ges*i*te d] bild5d5 ,ku5/e bei d5 ,grie*51 ed4 ,j4 ,ov]beck4 ,leipsic1 #ahfh4 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes ,v4 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes du ,muse ,national d',a?nes4 ,second edition4 ,a!ns1 #aiaj4 ,svoronos ,j4 ,n4 ,svoronos1 ,das ,a!n] ,national ,museum4 ,text & ,plates1 ,i-,,iii4 ,a!ns1 #aijh-aiaa4 ,o!r abbreviations w be readily und]/ood4 ,,corrig5da4 ,besides ! foll[+1 !re are a few o!r corrections :i* are s obvi\s t !y sc>cely ne$ to be li/$4 ,page #b1 note #a1 = ragm5t>y read fragm5t>y4 #aj1 l9e #b1 7& ,index71 = ,ar*]moros read ,ar*emoros4 #ad1 note #b1 aft] #bjb;f4 add ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iv1 i1 pp4 #aid f41 li/ #cd local ,olympia4 #ae1 l9e #f1 = ,dorian ,eleans read ,dorian allies1 ! ,eleans4 #bd1 l9e #bg1 = #agc ,a4 ,d4 read #agc or #agd ,a4 ,d4 #bf1 l9e #bg1 = ar*ai/ic read ar*aic4 #ca1 l9es #h-i1 = ,papyrus read ,papyri2 l9e #bj1 = ,aigira read ,aigeira4 #df1 note #a1 l9e #b1 add ,! ,solonian cubit ( #ddd mm4 gives #ag4ec in*es1 ! f+] 4#gc in*1 :i* makes ,diagoros' /atue #f feet #a4ge in*es tall4 #eh1 note #b1 = /atues ( all read /atues by all4 #fj1 note #a1 = ,vespes read ,vespae2 note #e1 = ,koponios read ,coponius4 #gg1 l9e #ah1 = /aute read /atue2 note #c1 l9e #aa1 = ,encr9om5os read ,encr9om5us4 #hb1 l9es #ad-ae1 = 9 & n outside read outside & n inside4 #hc1 l9e #ae1 = ,svonoros read ,svoronos4 #hd1 l9e #b 7& ,index1 s4 v4 ,ball-play+71 = read 4 #if1 note #a1 l9e #f1 = ,h]mes read ,h]akles4 #aaj1 l9e #bj1 & note #a1 l9e #i 7& ,index71 = ,argeidas read ,argeiadas4 #abh1 note #d1 = ,glypto!k read ,glypto?que4 #aca1 l9e #ab 7& ,index1 s4 v4 ,praxiteles71 = read 4 #adi1 note #b1 = read 4 #aec1 l9e #c1 = arms read h&s4 #aff1 l9e #ag1 = ,/rongan(f read ,/rogan(f4 #ahe1 l9es #d & #h1 & #ahf1 l9e #c1 = ,lancelotti read ,lancellotti4 #ahh1 note #h1 l9e #c1 = ,p]seus read ,akrisios4 #ahi1 note #a1 = ,papyrus read ,papyri2 = ,beilage read ,beilag4 #aia1 l9e #ba1 = eponym\s read eponymus4 #aif1 l9e #be1 & #aig1 note #b1 = read 4 #baj1 l9e #e1 = read 4 #bce1 note #a1 l9e #b1 omit z4 #bec1 l9e #bg1 = #abjb read #abjd4 #bfe1 l9e #ad1 = ,paunasias read ,pausanias4 #bfh1 l9e #bf 7& ,index1 s4 v4 ,nikoma*os & ,victoria71 = sublim9e read sublime4 #bhh1 l9e #aj 7& ,index71 = ,t5]>i read ,t5]ani4 #cba1 l9e #bi1 = inv5tors read s-call$ inv5tors4 #cbg1 l9e #c1 = /autes read /atues4 #cda1 l9e #cc1 la/ ^w ( l9e %\ld be 4 #cdh1 l9e #bh1 = pro?usis read pro?ysis4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,greek ,,games ,,& ,,prizes4 ,,plate #a ,,& ,,figures #a ,,& #b4 ,be=e attempt+ to trace hi/orically ! developm5t ( monum5ts ( victors 9 ! gymnic & hippic conte/s at ,olympia1 & be=e attempt+ to recon/ruct _! diff]5t types1 x w be useful to devote a prelim9>y *apt] to ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,greek a?letics & victor prizes 9 g5]al4 ,x is a truism t ! orig9 ( ,greek a?letics is n to be f\nd 9 ! rec5tly discov]$ ,aegean civilization ( ,crete1 nor 9 ! late/ phase ( ! same culture on ,myc5an sites ( ! ma9l& ( ,greece4 ,_! orig9 is n to be s\ght 9 ! indig5\s ,m$it]ranean /ock :i* produc$ t culture1 b r among ! nor!rn invad]s ( ,greece1 ! fair-hair$ ,a*ans ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 & especially among ! lat] ,dorians 9 ! ,peloponnesus4 ,x 0 to ! physical vigor ( ^! /rang]s r ?an to ! m arti/ic nature ( ! ,m$it]raneans t ! lat] ,greeks ow$ _! int]e/ 9 sports4 ,z ^! invad]s settl$ !mselves mo/ firmly 9 ! ,peloponnesus1 ,greek a?letics may be said to be *iefly ! product ( ,s\? ,greece4 ,x 0 "h t ?ree ( ! f\r national fe/ivals grew up--at ,olympia1 ,nemea1 & on ! ,cor9?ian ,i/hmus4 ,x 0 9 ! s*ools ( ,argos & ,sikyon t a?letic sculpture fl\ri%$ be/ & 9 lat] ,greek hi/ory physical ex]cise 0 mo/ fully develop$ among ! ,dorian ,sp>tans4#a ,,sports ,,9 ,,crete4 ,c5turies be=e ! ,a*an civilization ( ,greece _h bloom$1 !re develop$ among ! ,m9oans ( ,crete a passion = c]ta9 acrobatic p]=mances & = gymna/ics4 ,^! ,cretans1 ?\gh /rongly influ5c$ by ,egypt & ! ,ea/1 did n borr[ _! love ( sport f outside any m ?an did ! lat] ,a*ans4 ,on ! walls ( ! tombs ( ,b5i-,hasan on ! ,nile are pictur$ _m a?letic sports1 includ+ a s]ies ( sev]al hundr$ wre/l+ gr\ps1#b b ^! sports did n influ5ce1 s f> z we "k1 ,cretan a?letics4 ,at ,knossos bull-grappl+ seems to h be5 ! national sport1 z we see f ! frescoes on ! palace walls4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! horse1 :i* did n appe> 9 e>ly ,aegean times 9 ,crete1 x is n difficult to und]/& ! developm5t ( gymna/ic sports ) bulls4 ,at ,knossos a seal has be5 f\nd :i* %[s ! rude draw+ ( a vessel ) r[]s seat$ "u a canopy1 sup]impos$ on :i* is drawn ! great] portion ( a huge horse4 ,9 ?is design1 dat+ f ab\t #afjj ,b4 ,c4 & syn*roniz+ ) ! e>li] "p ( ! eighte5? ,egyptian dyna/y1 we d\btless see a graphic way ( indicat+ ! c>go1 & consequ5tly a contempor>y record1 x may be1 ( ! fir/ importation ( horses f ,libya into ,crete4#c ,! ,cretan bull seems to h be5 a mu* l>g] animal ?an ! species f\nd ^u ! isl& to-day4#d ,bull-grappl+ at ,knossos 0 ! sport ( female z well z male toreadors4 ,a fragm5t>y rectangul> fresco1 dat+ f ab\t #aejj ,b4 ,c4 7,pl4 #a71 0 discov]$ !re by ,sir ,ar?ur ,evans 9 #aija & is n[ 9 ! ,c&ia museum4 ,x is execut$ ) extraord9>y _s & %[s a huge bull ru%+ =w>d ) l[]$ head & tail /raight out4 ,a man is 9 ! act ( turn+ a som]sault on its back1 8 legs 9 ! air1 8 arms grasp+ ! bull's body & 8 head rais$1 look+ back to ! re> ( ! animal1 :]e a c[girl is /&+1 hold+ out h] arms to cat* 8 fly+ figure z soon z 8 feat is conclud$4 ,ano!r c[girl1 at ! extreme left1 seems to be susp5d$ f ! bull's horns1 :i* pass "u h] armpits1 :ile %e cat*es hold fur!r up4 ,h[ev]1 %e is n be+ toss$1 b is tak+ position prelim9>y to leap+ ov] ! bull's back4 ,bo? ! man & ! wom5 we> /rip$ boots & bracelets2 ! wom5 are app>5tly di/+ui%$ by _! :ite sk91 %ort draw]s1 yell[ sa%es embroid]$ ) r$1 & ! r$-&-blue diadems ar\nd _! br[s4#e ,on ! opposite wall a simil> sc5e 0 pictur$2 among its /ucco fragm5ts 0 f\nd ! repres5tation ( ! arm & %\ld] ( a woman grasp+ a bull by ! horns4 ,! fragm5t>y repres5tation ( ano!r woman & man 0 also f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a ,bull-grappl+ ,sc5e4 ,wall-pa9t+ f ,knossos4 ,museum ( ,c&ia4 ,a v simil> sc5e has long be5 kn[n f a fresco pa9t+ f ,tiryns1 n[ 9 ,a!ns4#f ,a bull is repres5t$ gallop+ to ! left1 :ile a man#g cl+s to its horns ) 8 "r h& & is swept along ) "o foot lightly t\*+ ! bull's back & ! o!r swung al(t4 ,mo/ e>ly writ]s int]pret$ ?is sc5e z a bull-hunt1 ! arti/ hav+ drawn ! hunt] above ! bull ?r\gh ignorance ( p]spective4 ,! execution is v inf]ior1 ?ree attempts ( ! bungl+ pa9t] be+ visible 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! tail & ! front legs4 ,o!rs saw 9 x ! repres5tation ( an acrobat %[+ 8 dext]ity by leap+ ^u ! back ( an animal 9 full c>e]1 recall+ ! description ( su* a trick 9 ! ,iliad1 :]e ,ajax is repres5t$ z ru%+ ov] ! pla9 l a man :o1 :ile driv+ f\r horses1 leaps f horse to horse4#h ,b ?is figure mu/ take its place side by side ) ! "o f ,knossos j describ$ z ano!r bull-grappl+ sc5e4 ,t su* sports 7 n held 9 ! op5 air1 b 9 an enclos$ c\rty>d1 is %[n by ! seal f ,praisos n[ 9 ! ,c&ia ,museum1 :i* depicts a man vault+ on ! back ( a gigantic ox )9 a pav$ enclosure4#i ,d\btless ! !atral areas discov]$ at ,phai/os by ! ,italian ,ar*ological ,mission#aj & at ,knossos by ,sir ,ar?ur ,evans 9 #aijcaa 7 n l>ge en\gh = bull sc5es & 7 us$ m]ely = c]emonial danc+ & p]haps = ! box+ mat*es to be describ$4#ab ,simil> acrobats are d\btless to be recogniz$ 9 ! two beautiful ivory /atuettes1 only #aa4e in*es 9 height1 ( s-call$ leap]s1 f\nd by ,dr4 ,evans at ,knossos 9 #aija4ac ,^! ma/]pieces ( ! late ,m9oan ,,ii p]iod repres5t acrobats 7"o is probably a woman7 d>t+ ?r\gh ! air4 8,! life1 ! fre$om1 ! lan ( ^! figures is no?+ %ort ( m>vell\s10 writes ,dr4 ,evans1 :o calls att5tion to ! c>eful physical tra9+ %[n 9 _! sl5d] legs & 9 ! muscles1 ev5 ! ve9s on ! back ( ! h&s & ! f+]-nails be+ pla9ly indicat$ z well z ! details ( ! sk9folds at ! jo9ts4 ,!y d\btless =m$ a "p ( an ivory model ( ! bull-r+ & are meant = m9iature toreadors1 :o 7 hung 9 ! air by f9e gold wires#ad ov] ! backs ( ivory bulls :o /ood on ! solid gr\nd4 ,! heads ( ! figures are ?r[n backw>ds1 a po/ure suitable = su* vault]s1 b n = leap]s or div]s4 ,m9oan art culm9at$ 9 ^! /atuettes & 9 c]ta9 /ucco figures 9 half relief f\nd also at ,knossos4 ,only a few fragm5ts ( ^! reliefs h surviv$1 mo/ ( :i* 7 decorative or ar*itectonic 9 "*1 ?\gh among !m 7 also f\nd human disjecta membra 9 high relief1 su* z ! fragm5t ( a left =e>m hold+ a horn1 & n a po9t$ vase1 z ,dr4 ,evans ?\ght4 ,"h ! muscles are well indicat$1 ?\gh ! ve9s are exagg]at$4#ae ,?is fragm5t may well be a "p ( ! same bull-grappl+ sc5es z ^? 9 ! frescoes1 z also ! life-l image ( a bull1 ! details ( ^: head1 m\?1 eyes1 & no/rils are full ( expression1 & ^: muscles are p]fectly indicat$4 ,:5 comp>$ ) ! monum5ts describ$1 ! simil>ity ( details on ! design ( ! ,vapheio cups ornam5t$ 9 rep\ss1 ! 8mo/ spl5did specim5s kn[n ( ! "w ( ! ,m9oan goldsmi?10#af nev] aga9 equall$ until ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 makes x m ?an possible t "h aga9 we h sc5es ( bull-grappl+ r ?an ( bull-hunt+4 ,on "o cup is repres5t$ a quiet pa/oral sc5e--a man ty+ ! legs ( a bull ) a rope1 :ile two o!r bulls /& ne>1 amicably lick+ "o ano!r1 & a ?ird is quietly graz+4 ,on ! o!r1 h[ev]1 are repres5t$ sc5es ( a v diff]5t "*4 ,9 ! c5tre is a furi\s bull entangl$ 9 a net1 :i* is fa/5$ to a tree2 to ! left a figure1 d\btless a woman1 is hold+ on to a bull's head1 :ile a man has fall5 on 8 head beside ! animal1 bo? man & woman be+ dress$ 9 ! ,cretan fa%ion4 ,a ?ird bull ru%es furi\sly by to ! "r4 ,mo/ comm5tators h se5 bull-hunt+ sc5es on bo? ^! cups4 ,?us1 on ! fir/ cup 7 repres5t$ ?ree sc5es 9 ! drama ( trapp+ a bull by means ( a tame decoy c[2 to ! "r ! bull is />t+ to g to ! r5dezv\s1 :ile 9 ! c5t] ! bull /&s by ! c['s side & to ! left he is f9ally trapp$ & ti$4#ag ,on ! o!r cup ! furi\s animal at ! left 0 suppos$ to h ?r[n "o hunt] & to h caught ano!r on its horns4 ,b ,mosso's int]pretation ( ?is design seems to be ! "r "o4#ah ,! two p]sons /ruggl+ ) ! bull h no lasso & s c h>dly be hunt]s2 besides1 if ! bull _h impal$ a hunt] ) its horns1 ! hunt] w\ld h be5 repres5t$ ) 8 head up & n d[n4 ,! figure is1 h[ev]1 un9jur$ & holds on ) its knee b5t ov] "o horn & its %\ld] aga9/ ! o!r2 x is m]ely1 !re=e1 int5d$ = a woman acrobat4 ,! net %[n 9 ! c5tre 0 nev] us$ = hunt+ wild bulls2 m probably x 0 int5d$ z an ob/acle 9 rac+4 ,! fall5 man has be5 /&+ on ! nett$ bull1 :i*1 ) ! gymna/ on its back1 0 expect$ to h leap$ ov] ! net1 b has n succe$$2 consequ5tly1 ! acrobat has be5 tumbl$ ov] ! bull's head4 ,?is anci5t ,cretan sport seems to h be5 simil> to t kn[n 9 ,!ssaly & else:]e 9 hi/orical days z 4#ai ,a survival ( x /ill p]si/s to our day 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,italy1 z1 e4 g41 9 ! prov9ce ( ,vit]bo4#bj ,acrobatic feats ( v>i\s sorts 7 attractive to ! lat] ,greeks f ! "t ( ,hom] d[n4 ,we h already m5tion$ "o passage f ! ,iliad 9 :i* a driv] ( f\r horses leaps f horse to horse 9 motion4 ,on ! %ield ( ,a*illes tumbl]s appe>$ among ! danc]s on ! danc+-place4#ba ,patroklos ironically rem>ks ov] ! body ( ,kebriones1 z ! *>iote] falls headlong l a div] f 8 *>iot :5 hit by a missile1 t !re are tumbl]s also among ! ,trojans4#bb ,9 lat] c5turies ! ,a!nians ev9c$ a great attraction to acrobatic feats4 ,! /ory told ( ,hippokleides#bc reveals t high-born ,a!nians did n disda9 to practice !m4 ,!y appe> to h =m$ a sort ( side-%[ attraction at ! ,pana!naic fe/ival1 z su* sc5es occur frequ5tly on ,attic vases4 ,?us on an e>ly 7imitation87 ,pana!naic vase f ,kameiros 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ,p>is1#bd !re is repres5t$ beh9d ! driv] a man /&+ on ! back ( a horse1 arm$ ) a helmet & two %ields1 :ile 9 front ano!r appe>s to be balanc+ himself on a pole4 ,b su* acrobatic sc5es z ^? ( ,crete & lat] ,greece c n prop]ly be class$ z a?letic4 ,!y betok5 m ! love ( excitem5t ?an ( true sport4 ,! only =m ( real a?letics repres5t$ on ,m9oan monum5ts1 "o :i* 0 class$ 9 lat] ,greece z "o ( ! national sports1 0 t ( box+1 :i* seems to h be5 ! favorite gymna/ic conte/ ( ! ,cretans1 z x always 0 ( ! lat] ,greeks4 ,box+ sc5es appe> on seals1#be on a /eatite fragm5t ( a pyxis f\nd 9 #aija at ,knossos &1 9 conjunction ) a bull-grappl+ sc5e1 on ! s-call$ ,box] ,vase f\nd by ! ,italians at ,hagia ,triada 7,fig4 #a74 ,! vase is a cone-%ap$ rhyton ( /eatite1 #ah in*es high1 orig9ally ov]laid ) gold foil4 ,x belongs to ! be/ p]iod ( ,cretan art1 late ,m9oan ,i4#bf ,?is vase alone1 if no o!r monum5tal evid5ce 7 at h&1 w\ld suffice to %[ ! physical pr[ess & love ( sport ( ! ,m9oans4 ,because ( its sc5es ( box+ & bull-grappl+ ,mosso calls x 8! mo/ complete monum5t t we h ( gymna/ic ex]cise 9 ! ,m$it]ranean civilization40#bg ,! lat] ,greek tradition ( ! high degree ( physical developm5t atta9$ by ! ,cretans is prov$ by ?is monum5t4#bh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,s-call$ ,box] ,vase1 f ,hagia ,triada 7,ca/74 ,museum ( ,c&ia4 ,! reliefs are arrang$ 9 f\r horizontal zones4#bi ,"o ( ^!1 ! second f ! top1 repres5ts a bull-grappl+ sc5e1 %[+ two rac+ bulls1 ^u ! head & horns ( "o ( :i* a gymna/ has vault$ 7n be+ toss$ & helpless1 z mo/ int]pret]s ?9k74#cj ,! o!r ?ree repres5t box]s 9 all attitudes ( ! prize-r+1 hitt+1 gu>d+1 fall+1 & ev5 kick+1 z 9 ! lat] ,greek pankration4 ,"s are victori\s1 ! left arm be+ ext5d$ on gu>d & ! "r drawn back to /rike2 "o 79 ! top zone7 is ready to spr+1 j z ,hector 0 ready to spr+ on ,a*illes2#ca o!rs are pro/rate on ! gr\nd ) _! feet 9 ! air4 ,! viol5ce ( ! action recalls ! boa/ ( ,epeios 9 ! fam\s mat* 9 ! ,iliad t he w break 8 adv]s>y's bones4#cb ,! me?od ( attack by ! "r arm & def5se by ! left is ! same z t =m]ly us$ by ,engli% pugili/s4 ,9 ! topmo/ zone ! combatants we> helmets ) visors1 *eek-pieces1 & horse-hair plumes1 & also %oes2 9 ! ?ird zone d[n ! pugili/s also we> helmets1 ?\gh ( a diff]5t patt]n1 :ile ! bottom zone %[s figures1 p]haps y\?s1 ) b>e heads4 ,"s ( ! box]s appe> to we> box+-gloves4 ,9 ! l[e/ zone we see ! well-kn[n feat ( sw++ ! antagoni/ up by ! legs & ?r[+ him--if we may s conclude f ! contort$ position ( ! vanqui%$1 ^: legs are 9 ! air4 ,a simil> figure appe>s 9 relief on ! fragm5t ( a pyxis f\nd at ,knossos4#cc ,a y\? ) cl5*$ fi/s /&s ) left arm ext5d$ z if to w>d (f a bl[1 :ile 8 "r arm is drawn back & re/s on 8 hip2 bel[ we see ! b5t knee ( a pro/rate figure1 evid5tly t ( 8 vanqui%$ oppon5t4 ,! box] has a wasp-l wai/ & we>s a metal girdle4 ,8 left leg is well model$1 ! muscles n be+ exagg]at$4 ,,a?letics ,,9 ,,hom]4 ,we h evid5ce1 !re=e1 t ! love ( sport exi/$ 9 ,crete z x has exi/$ 9 all c\ntries s9ce4 ,b ! comp>atively una?letic "* ( ! ,aegean culture is %[n by ! complete abs5ce ( a?letic repres5tations--ap>t f bull-grappl+ sc5es--9 ! art ( its la/ phase at ,myc5 & ,tiryns on ! ma9l&4 ,?is is an indep5d5t argum5t = ! view t ! civilization ( ! ma9l& 0 *iefly ! product ( ! old ,m$it]ranean /ock1 :i* 0 f9ally conqu]$ by ! invad+ ,a*ans1 :o are repres5t$ 9 ,hom] z skill$ gymna/s4 ,9 ,hom] we are imm$iately consci\s ( be+ 9 ano!r _w1 = "h we are 9 an atmosph]e ( true a?letics1 :i* are fully develop$ & q secul> 9 "*4#cd ,!y are1 h[ev]1 :olly spontane\s1 = !re are z yet nei!r meets nor organiz$ tra9+1 nei!r /adia1 gymnasia1 nor pal/r2 = su* an organization ( a?letics did n exi/ until ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,b ,hom]'s acc\nt ( ! fun]al games ( ,patroklos is p]vad$ by a _s ( true a?letics & has a p]5nial attraction = e lov] ( sport4 ,walt] ,leaf says ( ! *>iot-race1 :i* is ! culm9at+ feature ( ! description1 t x is 8a piece ( n>rative z tru?ful 9 its *>act]s z x is dramatic & ma/]ly 9 description40#ce ,su* a description c\ld h be5 compos$ only by a poet :o belong$ to a p long acqua9t$ ) a?letics & int5sely int]e/$ 9 !m4 ,ne/or (t5 speaks ( a remot] pa/1 :5 ! gods & h]oes cont5d$4 ,odysseus says he c\ld n h f\ght ) ,h]akles nor ,eurytos1 h]oes ( ! old5 "t1 8:o cont5d$ ) ! immortal gods40 ,! ,hom]ic w>rior 0 di/+ui%$ f ! m]*ant by 8 k ( sport4 ,?us ,euryalos ( ! ,phaiakians says 9 no complim5t>y tone to ,odysseus3 8,no truly1 /rang]1 nor d ,i ?9k !e at all l "o t is skill$ 9 games 444 r art ?\ su* an "o z comes & goes 9 a b5*$ %ip1 a ma/] ( sailors t are m]*antm51 "o ) a memory = 8 freight1 or t ha? *>ge ( a c>go homew>d b\nd1 & ( gre$ily gott5 ga9s40#cf ,x is beside ! po9t :e!r ! *ief passages 9 ! poems :i* relate to sports are late 9 orig9 or n1 ev5 if !y are lat] ?an #ggf ,b4 ,c41 ! traditional fir/ ,olympiad4 ,9 any case ! lat] poet m]ely foll[$ an old] tradition4 ,at ! fun]al games ( ,patroklos all ! ev5ts are practical 9 "*1 ! natural amusem5ts ( m5 *iefly int]e/$ 9 w>4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 n m]ely milit>y1 b are truly a?letic4 ,! olde/ & mo/ ari/ocratic ( all ! ev5ts describ$ is ! *>iot-race--9 :i* ! w>-*>iot is us$--! monopoly ( ! nobles !n1 z x 0 always lat] ! sport ( k+s & ! ri*4#cg ,box+ & wre/l+ come next 9 importance1 already occupy+ ! position ( prem95ce :i* !y hold 9 ! poems ( ,p9d>4 ,! foot-race betwe5 ,ajax1 ! son ( ,oileus1 & ,odysseus foll[s4 ,( ! la/ f\r ev5ts1 ?ree--! s+le combat betwe5 ,ajax & ,diom$es1 ! ?r[+ ( ! solos1 & ! conte/ 9 ar*]y--are admitt$ to be late additions4 ,! la/ ev5t ( all1 ! ca/+ ( ! spe>1 may be e>li]1 b we "k little ab\t x1 z ! conte/ did n take place1 ,a*illes yield+ ! fir/ prize to ,agamemnon4 ,mo/ ( ^! lat] ev5ts are describ$ 9 a lifeless mann] & h n ! vim & compell+ int]e/ ( ! e>li] ones4 ,inde$ ! conte/ 9 ar*]y seems to be treat$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( ridicule1 :i* %[s ! contempt ( ! great nobles = s plebeian a sport4 ,! arm$ conte/1 ?\gh x is pictur$ 9 art c]ta9ly z e>ly z ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41#ch nev] _h a place 9 ! lat] ,greek games4#ci ,jump+1 an important "p ( ! lat] p5ta?lon1 is m5tion$ b once 9 ! poems1 z a feature ( ! sports ( ! ,phaiakians4 ,b ! lat] p5ta?lon1 z ,g>d9] says1 is c]ta9ly n sugge/$ 9 ,hom]'s acc\nt1 ?\gh _m h assum$ x1#dj m]ely because ,ne/or m5tions 8 =m] conte/s at ,b\prasion 9 box+1 9 runn+1 9 hurl+ ! spe>1 & 9 ! *>iot-race4#da ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! comb9ation ( conte/s kn[n mu* lat] z ! p5ta?lon1 9 :i* ! same conte/ants _h to compete 9 ! s]ies ( ev5ts--runn+1 jump+1 wre/l+1 diskos-?r[+1 & javel9-?r[+4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,greek ,,games ,,9 ,,! ,,cult ,,( ,,! ,,dead4 ,9 ^! games describ$ 9 ! ,iliad we see an example ( ! orig9 ( ! lat] a?letic fe/ivals 9 ! cult ( ! dead4 ,hom] kn[s only ( fun]al games#db & !re is no trace 9 ! poems ( ! lat] a?letic meet+s held 9 honor ( a god4#dc ,h[ev]1 ! association ( ! lat] games ) religi\s fe/ivals held at /at$ times c be trac$ to ! games ) :i* ! fun]al ( ! ,hom]ic *ief 0 celebrat$4 ,! olde/ example ( p]iodic fun]al games 9 ,greece ( :i* we h k 7 ^? held 9 ,arkadia 9 honor ( ! dead ,azan1 ! fa!r ( ,kleitor & son ( ,arkas1 at :i* prizes 7 (f]$ at lea/ = horse-rac+4#dd ,?\gh ! orig9 ( ! f\r national religi\s fe/ivals 9 ,greece--at ,olympia1 ,delphi1 ,nemea1 & on ! ,i/hmus--is buri$ 9 a mass ( conflict+ leg5d1 c]ta9 writ]s agree 9 say+ t all ( !m 7 f\nd$ on fun]al games1 ?\gh !y 7 lat] d$icat$ to gods4#de ,?us ! ,i/hmian 7 in/itut$ 9 honor ( ! dead ,melik]tes1#df ! ,nemean 9 honor ( ,opheltes or ,ar*emoros1#dg ! ,py?ian 9 honor ( ! sla9 ,py?on1#dh ! ,olympian 9 honor ( ! h]o ,pelops4#di ,to bo? ,p9d> & ,bac*ylides ! ,olympian games 7 associat$ ) ! tomb ( ,pelops2 ,pausanias1 on ! o!r h&1 records t ! anci5t ,elean writ]s ascrib$ _! orig9 to ! ,idan ,h]akles ( ,crete4#ej ,x 0 a common tradition t ,h]akles f\nd$ ! games1 "s writ]s say+ t x 0 ! ,cretan1 o!rs t x 0 ! ,greek h]o1 ! son ( ,zeus & ,alkm5a4#ea ,despite ! v>iation 9 leg5ds relative to ! in/itution ( ! f\r national games1 we %\ld n d\bt ! univ]sal tradition t all 7 fun]>y 9 orig94 ,! tradition is confirm$ by _m l9es ( argum5t3 by ! survival ( fun]al cu/oms 9 _! lat] rituals1 by ! lat] cu/om ( in/itut+ fun]al games 9 honor ( dead w>riors bo? 9 antiquity & 9 mod]n times1 & by ! te/imony ( e>ly a?letic art 9 ,greece4#eb ,we %all n[ briefly consid] ^! argum5ts4 ,z an example ( ! survival ( fun]al cu/oms 9 lat] ritual1 ,pausanias says t ! annual (fic]s at ,olympia1 ev5 9 8 day1 sacrific$ a black ram to ,pelops4#ec ,! fact t a black victim 0 (f]$ ov] a tr5* in/ead ( on an alt> proves t ,pelops 0 /ill wor%ipp$ z a h]o & n z a god4 ,! s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,i1 #adf1 says t all ,peloponnesian lads ea* ye> la%$ !mselves on ! grave ( ,pelops until ! blood ran d[n _! backs z a libation to ! h]o4 ,fur!rmore1 all ! conte/ants at ,olympia sacrific$ fir/ to ,pelops & !n to ,zeus4#ed ,fun]al games 7 held 9 honor ( dep>t$ w>riors & em95t m5 all ov] ! ,greek _w & at all p]iods1 f ! leg5d>y games ( ,patroklos & ,pelias & o!rs to ^? celebrat$ at ,!ssalonika 9 ,val]ian's "t4#ee ,?us ,miltiades 0 honor$ by games on ! ,?racian ,*]sonesus1#ef ,leonidas & ,pausanias at ,sp>ta1#eg ,brasidas at ,amphipolis1#eh ,timoleon at ,syracuse1#ei & ,mausolos at ,halik>nassos4#fj ,alex&] in/itut$ games 9 honor ( ! dead ,hephai/ion#fa & ! conqu]or himself 0 honor$ 9 a simil> way4#fb ,! ,eleu!ria 7 celebrat$ at ,plata at /at$ times 9 honor ( ! soldi]s :o fell !re aga9/ ! ,m$es 9 #dgi ,b4 ,c41#fc & 9 ! ,academy a fe/ival 0 held "u ! direction ( ! polem>* 9 honor ( ! ,a!nian soldi]s :o _h di$ = _! c\ntry & 7 buri$ 9 ! ,k]ameikos4#fd ,fun]al games 7 also common 9 ,italy4 ,we f9d a?letic sc5es decorat+ ,etruscan tombs--includ+ box+1 wre/l+1 horse-rac+1 & *>iot-rac+4#fe ,! ,romans borr[$ _! fun]al games f ,etruria z well z _! gladiatorial %[s1 :i* 7 d\btless also fun]>y 9 orig94#ff ,fraz] cites examples ( ! cu/om ( in/itut+ games 9 honor ( dead w>riors among _m mod]n peoples1 ,circassians1 ,*ewsurs ( ! ,caucasus1 ,siamese1 ,kirghiz1 9 ,india1 & among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes4 ,g>d9] notes ! ,iri% fairs 9 honor ( a dep>t$ *ief1 :i* exi/$ f pagan days d[n to ! la/ c5tury4#fg ,! te/imony ( e>ly ,greek a?letic art also po9ts to ! same fun]>y orig9 ( ! games4 ,! fun]al games ( ,pelias & ^? held by ,aka/os 9 honor ( 8 fa!r 7 depict$ respectively on ! two mo/ fam\s monum5ts ( e>ly ,greek decorative art1 on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos d$icat$ 9 ! ,h]aion at ,olympia & on ! ?rone ( ,apollo at ,amyklai 9 ,lakonia1 ! latt] be+ ! "w ( ! ,ionian sculptor ,ba?ykles4 ,?\gh bo? ^! works are lo/1 ! description ( "o ( !m at lea/1 t ( ! *e/1 by ,pausanias1#fh is s detail$ & precise t ! sc5es repres5t$ ^u x h be5 p>allel$ figure = figure on e>ly ,ionian 7especially ,*alkidian7 & ,cor9?ian vases1 contempor>y or lat]1 & on ,cor9?ian & ,argive decorative bronze reliefs4 ,_m attempts h be5 made1 !re=e1 to re/ore ! *e/1 & z m monum5ts become kn[n1 :i* ?r[ light on ! composition & types1 ^! attempts are con/antly gr[+ 9 c]ta9ty1 ev5 ?\gh conjecture may cont9ue to ent] 94#fi ,! figures 7 wr\ght 9 relief1 p>tly 9 ivory & gold & p>tly 9 ! c$> wood itself1 deploy$ on its surface 9 a s]ies ( b&s1 su* z we commonly see on e>ly vases4 ,?is use ( gold & ivory is ! fir/ example 9 ,greek art ( ! cu/om employ$ by ,pheidias & o!r sculptors ( ! great age ( ,greek sculpture4 ,we h already not$ its use 9 ! ivory acrobats f ,crete1 :i* 7 made1 p]haps1 a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! *e/4#gj ,out ( ! ?irty-?ree sc5es depict$ on its surface all b two or ?ree 7 my?ological1 & among ^! 7 sc5es f ! fun]al games ( ,pelias1 includ+ a two-horse *>iot-race 7,p41 #i71 a box+ & wre/l+ mat* 7#aj71 a foot-race1 quoit-?r[+1 & a victor repres5t$ z be+ cr[n$ 7#aj71 & prize tripods 7#aa74 ,! mo/ valuable p>allel to "s ( ! sc5es describ$ by ,pausanias is f\nd on ! ,amphi>aos vase 9 ,b]l91#ga dat+ f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 on :i* ! wre/l+ mat* & *>iot-race correspond surpris+ly well ) ! descriptions ( ,pausanias1 despite c]ta9 diff]5ces 9 detail4 ,ano!r ar*aic vase depicts a two-horse *>iot-race & ! p>t+ ( ,amphi>aos & ,eriphyle4#gb ,! sc5es on ?is latt] vase appe> to h be5 copi$ f ^? on ! *e/1 & x is possible t ! sc5es on ! ,b]l9 vase _h ! same orig94 ,fun]al games are commonly pictur$ on e>ly vases4 ,?us on a proto-,attic amphora1 discov]$ by ! ,briti% ,s*ool ( ,a!ns 9 excavat+ ! ,gymnasion ( ,kynos>ges1 !re are gr\ps ( wre/l]s & *>iot-rac]s4 ,! wre/l+ b\t "h1 h[ev]1 seems to be to ! dea?1 z ! victor has 8 adv]s>y by ! ?roat ) bo? h&s4 ,x may be a my?ological sc5e1 p]haps repres5t+ ! b\t betwe5 ,h]akles & ,antaios4 ,a /ill e>li] repres5tation ( fun]al games is %[n by a ,dipylon geometric vase f ! ,akropolis n[ 9 ,cop5hag51 dat+ back possibly to ! eigh? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#gc ,on "o side two nude m51 :o h grasp$ ea* o!r by ! arms1 are ready to /ab "o ano!r ) swords4 ,?is may repres5t1 h[ev]1 z ,g>d9] sugge/s1 only a mimic conte/4 ,on ! o!r side are two box]s /&+ betwe5 gr\ps ( w>riors & danc]s4 ,a simil> sc5e 9 rep\ss appe>s on a ,cypriote silv] vase f ,etruria n[ 9 ! ,uffizi 9 ,flor5ce4#gd ,we %\ld also1 9 ?is connection1 note aga9 ! reliefs repres5t+ fun]al games1 :i* appe> on ! six?-c5tury s>cophagus f ,klazom5ai already m5tion$4#ge ,"h is repres5t$ a combat ( arm$ m52 amid *>iots /& gr\ps ( m5 arm$ ) helmets1 %ields1 & spe>s1 :ile flute-play]s /& betwe5 !m2 at ei!r end is a pill> ) a prize vase ^u x2 aga9/ "o leans a nak$ man ) a /aff1 d\btless int5d$ to repres5t ! _s ( ! deceas$ 9 ^: honor ! games are be+ held4 ,games 9 honor ( ! dead t5d$ to become p]iodic4 ,! tomb ( ! honor$ w>riors became a rally+-po9t = neighbor+ p1 :o w\ld conv5e to see ! games4 ,:ile "s ( ^! games 7 de/9$ nev] to transc5d local importance1 o!rs develop$ into ! ,panhell5ic fe/ivals4 ,z ! wor%ip ( ance/ors became metamorphos$ into t ( h]oes1 ! games became "p ( h]o cults1 :i* ant$at$ ^? ( ! ,olympian gods4 ,b z ! gods gradually sup]s$$ ! h]oes 9 ! popul> religion1 !y usurp$ ! sanctu>ies & ! games held !re1 :i* _h long be5 a "p ( ! e>li] wor%ip4 ,we are n "h conc]n$1 h[ev]1 ) ! difficult "q ( ! orig9 ( fun]al games4 ,!y may h tak5 ! place ( e>li] human sacrifices1 :i* w\ld expla9 ! arm$ fight at ! games ( ,patroklos & its appe>ance on ar*aic vases & s>cophagi2 or !y may h commemorat$ e>ly conte/s ( succession1 :i* w\ld expla9 _m my?ical conte/s l ! *>iot-race betwe5 ,pelops & ,o9omaos = ,hippodameia1 or ! wre/l+ mat* betwe5 ,zeus & ,kronos4 ,9 any case su* games w\ld nev] h atta9$ ! importance :i* !y did atta9 9 ,greece1 if x _h n be5 = ! a?letic _s & love ( competition s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hell5ic race4 ,:atev] _! orig91 !re=e1 !re is little d\bt t out ( !m develop$ ! great games ( hi/oric ,greece4 ,! con/ant relation%ip betwe5 ,greek religion & ,greek a?letics c be expla9$ 9 no o!r way4#gf ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,national ,,games4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! a?letic _s display$ 9 ! ,hom]ic poems _h giv5 rise to ! f\r national fe/ivals--at ,olympia1 ,delphi1 ,nemea1 & on ! ,i/hmus4 ,on ^! f\r1 _m less] games 7 model$4#gg ,! orig9 ( all ^!1 z we h already rem>k$1 is lo/ 9 a mass ( leg5d4 ,! my?s ( ! orig9 ( ,olympia are p>ticul>ly conflict+4 ,we are practically c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ,olympia z a sanctu>y prec$$ ! adv5t ( ! ,a*ans into ! ,peloponnesus1 & t ! f\ndation ( ! games prec$$ ! com+ ( ! ,dorians1 b 0 probably lat] ?an t ( ! ,a*ans4 ,! importance ( ! games dates f ! "t aft] ! ,dorian invasion ( ! ,peloponnesus1 :5 ! w>r+ peoples f9ally became pacifi$4#gh ,= c5turies ,olympia 0 ov]%ad[$ by ,delphi & ! ,ionian fe/ival on ,delos4 ,! importance ( ! latt] fe/ival 9 ! eigh? & sev5? c5turies ,b4 ,c4 is %[n by ! ,hom]ic ,hymn to ! ,delian ,apollo4 ,only by ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury _h ,olympia begun to ga9 its pre/ige4 ,! pre-,dorian ,pisatai1 9 ^: t]ritory ! sanctu>y 0 situat$1 probably controll$ x e>ly4 ,! ,dorian allies1 ! ,eleans1 :om leg5d _h ,k+ ,oxylos lead into ! ,peloponnesus f ,aitolia1#gi tri$ to wre/ ?is control f ! ,pisatai1 :o1 h[ev]1 aid$ by religi\s rev]5ce = ! sanctu>y1 7 able to ma9ta9 _! rights4 ,on acc\nt ( ! conflict ! games langui%$1 until f9ally a truce 0 made by ! two factions & ! games 7 re-e/abli%$ "u _! common managem5t4 ,?is "w 0 ascrib$ to ,iphitos & ,kleo/h5es1 k+s respectively ( ,elis & ,pisa1 & to ,lyk\rgos ( ,sp>ta4#hj ,! dual control 0 n successful1 z ! jeal\s ,pisatai con/antly tri$ to rega9 _! old honor2 b ! ,eleans1 support$ by ! ,sp>tans1 prevail$ & f9ally1 aft] ! ,p]sian w>s1 de/roy$ ,pisa & ! o!r revolt+ cities ( ,triphylia & h5ce=? rema9$ 9 sole control4 ,! re/oration ( ! games "u ,iphitos & 8 colleagues took place 9 #ggf ,b4 ,c41 f :i* date ! fe/ival 0 celebrat$ e f\r? ye>1 until x 0 f9ally aboli%$ by ! ,roman emp]or ,!odosius at ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,9 #ggf ,koroibos ( ,elis won ! foot-race & ?is 0 ! fir/ dat$ ,olympiad 9 ! ,olympian regi/]1#ha & f x1 z ,pausanias says1#hb ! unbrok5 tradition ( ! ,olympiads began4 ,?is hi/ory ( ,olympia is v diff]5t f ! or?odox my?ical /ory told by ,pausanias & ,/rabo & bas$ on ! 8anci5t writ+s ( ! ,eleans40#hc ,accord+ to x ! games 7 orig9ally in/itut$ by ! ,eleans "u ,oxylos & ref\nd$ by ,iphitos1 8 desc5dant1 toge!r ) ,lyk\rgos1 /ill "u ! managem5t ( ! ,eleans4 ,9 ,ol4 #h ! ,pisatans invok$ ! aid ( ! ,argive k+ ,pheidon & dispossess$ ! ,eleans1 b !y lo/ ! control ( ,olympia 9 ! next ,olympiad4 ,9 ,ol4 #bh ,elis1 dur+ a w> ) ,dyme1 all[$ ! ,pisatans to celebrate ! games4 ,six ,olympiads lat] ! k+ ( ,pisa came to ,olympia ) an army & took *>ge4 ,! /ory leaves ! ,pisatans 9 control f ab\t ,olympiads #cj to #ea1 b "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #dh & #eb ! ,eleans defeat$ ,pisa & de/roy$ x1 & h5ce=? controll$ ! games4 ,su* a /ory 0 manife/ly a contrivance by ! lat] prie/s ( ,elis to ju/ify _! control ( ! games ?r\gh a prior claim4 ,x is contradict$ by all ! evid5ce4#hd ,! antiquity ( ,olympia is kn[n to u f ! results ( excavations & f its religi\s hi/ory4 ,! late/ excavations on ! site h disclos$ ! rema9s ( six prehi/oric build+s ) apsidal end+s1 bel[ ! geometric /ratum1 ^u ! site ( :at us$ to be consid]$ ! remnants ( ! great alt> ( ,zeus4#he ,su* an inf]5ce is borne out by _m primitive features 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! sanctu>y4 ,! alt> ( ,kronos on ! hill to ! nor? ( ! ,altis 0 e>li] ?an t ( ,zeus2 an e>? alt> ant$at$ t ( ,zeus1 :ile a survival ( ! e>li] wor%ip ( ! p[]s ( ! und]world is se5 9 ! cu/om1 la/+ ?r\gh lat] c5turies1 ( all[+ only "o woman1 ! prie/ess ( ,demet] ,*amyne1 to witness ! games4 ,we also "k t ! wor%ip ( ! ,pelasgian ,h]a ant$at$ t ( ! ,hell5ic ,zeus2 h] temple1 ! ,h]aion1 is ! mo/ anci5t ( :i* ! f\ndations /ill /&1 a temple built ( /one1 wood1 & sun-dri$ bricks1 ^: orig9 is to be ref]r$ to ! t5?1 if n to ! elev5?1 c5tury ,b4 ,c4#hf ,we h already rem>k$ t ! wor%ip ( ! h]o ,pelops prec$$ t ( ! god ,zeus4#hg ,all su* indications atte/ ! high antiquity ( ,olympia4 ,t x is n m5tion$ 9 ,hom]1 :ile ,delphi & ,dodona are1 only proves t 9 ! poet's "t x 0 /ill m]ely a local %r9e4 ,n until ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 did x atta9 ! di/9ction1 :i* x reta9$ ev] aft]w>ds1 ( be+ ! =emo/ national fe/ival ( ,hellas4#hh ,! p]iodical celebration ( ! ?ree o!r national fe/ivals 0 n dat$--except 9 leg5d--be=e ! e>ly ye>s ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ?\gh local fe/ivals mu/ h exi/$ also on ^! sites long be=e4#hi ,! old music fe/ival at ,delphi1 :i* f9ally 0 held e eight ye>s1#ij 0 *ang$ 9 #ehf ,b4 ,c41 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,sacr$ ,w>1#ia into a ,panhell5ic fe/ival celebrat$ !reaft] e f\r ye>s 7p5tat]is74 ,x 0 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,amphiktyonic ,league1 :i* introduc$ a?letic & eque/rian ev5ts copi$ f ^? at ,olympia#ib & replac$ ! old] money prizes ) ! simple bay wrea?4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! ,nemean & ,i/hmian games 7 in/itut$4 ,! local games at ,nemea1 said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,adra/os 9 honor ( a *ild1 7 reorganiz$ "s "t be=e #egc ,b4 ,c41 ! fir/ ,nemead4#ic ,!reaft] !y 7 celebrat$ e two ye>s1 9 ! second & f\r? ( ! correspond+ ,olympiads4#id ,!y 7 adm9i/]$ 9 honor ( ,zeus by ! small t[n ( ,kleonai "u ,argive influ5ce4 ,! games 7 transf]r$ to ,argos "s "t betwe5 #dfj ,b4 ,c4 & ! close ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,c5turies lat]1 ,hadrian reviv$ ! pre/ige ( ! games at ,argos4 ,! games held on ! ,i/hmus also orig9at$ z an old local fe/ival1 :i* 0 reviv$ 9 #ehf or #ehb ,b4 ,c4 ,we are n sure :e!r !y 7 ref\nd$ 9 ,poseidon's honor by ,p]i&ros or aft] ! dea? ( ,psammeti*os 9 commemoration ( ! end+ ( ! tyranny at ,cor9?4 ,! geographical location ( ,cor9?1 ! meet+-place ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 involv$ x 9 _m w>s1 & !re=e ! ,i/hmian games nev] atta9$ ! pre/ige ( ! o!r national fe/ivals2 !y 7 held e two ye>s 9 ! spr+ ( ! second & f\r? ye>s ( ! correspond+ ,olympiads & 7 adm9i/]$ by ,cor9?4#ie ,besides ! f\r national games1 _m ,greek cities _h purely local ones1 "s ( :i* orig9at$ 9 prehi/oric days 9 honor ( h]o cults1 :ile o!rs 7 f\nd$ at hi/orical dates4 ,a!ns 0 p>ticul>ly favor$ 9 hav+ _m su* local fe/ivals4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! 7 ! ,pana!naic games 9 honor ( ,a!na1 :i* develop$ f e>li] annual ,a!naia or ,pana!naia4 ,! fe/ival 0 remodel$1 or p]haps f\nd$1 j be=e ,peisi/ratos seiz$ ! tyranny 7#efa-efj ,b4 ,c471 possibly by ,solon1 :o di$ #efj-eei ,b4 ,c4 ,! "n c]ta9ly po9ts to ! unity ( ,a!ns promot$ by ,solon1 if n to ! e>li] unification ( ! village communities ( ,attika ascrib$ to ,!seus4 ,9 any case1 "u ,peisi/ratos x became some?+ m ?an a local fe/ival1 z ! recitation ( ,hom] became a feature ( x4 ,foll[+ ! games at ,delphi & ,olympia1 ! ,great ,pana!naia 7 held e f\r ye>s 7! ?ird ye> ( ea* ,olympiad7 9 ! mon? ( ,hekatombaion 7,july71 :ile ! m anci5t annual fe/ival cont9u$ ye>ly "u ! "n ( ! ,little ,pana!naia4 ,!re 7 musical1 lit]>y1 & a?letic conte/s4 ,! c5tral feature ( ! fe/ival 0 ! procession :i* asc5d$ f ! l[] city to ! ,p>!non on ! ,akropolis to (f] ! goddess a robe wov5 by noble ,a!nian maid5s & matrons4#if ,?is procession is kn[n to u 9 detail f ! great ,p>!non frieze4 ,! ,!seia exemplify a fe/ival ^: orig9 c be def9itely dat$4 ,kimon1 ! son ( ! h]o ( ,m>a?on1 9 #dfi ,b4 ,c41 discov]$ ! suppos$ bones ( ! national h]o ,!seus on ! isl& ( ,skyros4 ,! ,delphic oracle c\nsel$ ! ,a!nians to place !m 9 an honorable re/+-place4 ,p]haps !re 0 a leg5d t ! h]o 0 buri$ on ,skyros2 9 any case a grave 0 f\nd !re :i* conta9$ ! corpse ( a w>rior ( great size1 & ?is 0 br\ght back to ,a!ns z ! actual rema9s ( ,!seus4 ,!reaft] an annual fe/ival 0 celebrat$ by ! ,a!nian epheboi1 compris+ milit>y conte/s & a?letic ev5ts--/ade1 doli*os1 & diaulos runn+ races1 wre/l+1 box+1 pankration1 hoplite runn+1 etc4 ,x began on ! six? ( ,pyanepsion 7,octob]71 & 0 foll[$ by ! ,epitaphia1 a fun]al fe/ival 9 honor ( national h]oes & y\?s :o _h fall5 fight+ = ,a!ns4#ig ,a?letic games 7 held at ! ,h]akleia 9 honor ( ,h]akles at ,m>a?on 9 ! mon? ( ,metageitnion1 & _h atta9$ great popul>ity by ! "t ( ,p9d>4#ih ,! ,eleus9ia1 9 honor ( ,demet]1 took place annually 9 ,a!ns 9 ! mon? ( ,bodromion1 :5 horse-races & musical & o!r conte/s 7 held4 ,?is ,attic fe/ival claim$ a great] antiquity ev5 ?an ,olympia4 ,! great national fe/ivals enc\rag$ ^! small] local ones1 s t !y attract$ competitors f ! :ole ,greek _w4 ,,e>ly ,,prizes ,,= ,,a?letes4 ,! prizes :i* 7 (f]$ at ! e>ly games 9 ,greece 7 uni=mly articles ( value4 ,_! value1 h[ev]1 0 reg>d$ n s mu* 9 ! light ( rew>ds to ! victors z pro(s ( ! g5]\s _s ( ! hold]s ( ! games1 :o !reby celebrat$ ! dead 9 ^: honor ! conte/ 0 held4 ,9 ,hom]'s acc\nt ( ! fun]al games ( ,patroklos1 ea* conte/ant1 :e!r victori\s or n1 receiv$ a prize4 ,9 "o case a prize 0 giv5 :]e ! conte/ 0 n held4 ,9 ! *>iot-race five prizes 7 (f]$3 = ! w9n] a slave girl & a tripod2 = ! second be/ a six-ye>-old m>e 9 foal2 = ! ?ird a cauldron2 = ! f\r? two tal5ts ( gold2 & = ! la/ a two-h&l$ cup4#ii ,= ! wre/l+ mat* ! w9n] receiv$ a tripod wor? twelve ox51 :ile ! vanqui%$ receiv$ a skill$ slave woman wor? f\r ox54#ajj ,= ! box+ mat* a mule 0 ! fir/ prize & a two-h&l$ cup ! second4#aja ,= ! foot-race a silv] b[l ( ,sidonian make1 an ox1 & half a tal5t ( gold 7 ! prizes4#ajb ,hesiod records 8 w9n+ a tripod = a victory ga9$ 9 s++ at ! games ( ,amphidamas at ,*alkis4#ajc ,tripods 7 ! commone/ prizes at all e>ly games & x 0 n till lat] t !y became connect$ especially ) ,apollo's wor%ip4 ,!y 7 pres5t$ = all sorts ( conte/s1 = *>iot-rac+1#ajd horse-rac+1#aje ! foot-race1#ajf box+1#ajg & wre/l+4#ajh ,!y 7 pres5t$ at v>i\s games 9 honor ( diff]5t gods & h]oes3 e4 g41 ^? 9 honor ( ,apollo at ! ,triopia#aji & ,panionia ( ,mykale2#aaj ( ,dionysos at ,a!ns & ,rhodes2#aaa ( ,h]akles at ! ,h]akleia ( ,!bes & else:]e2#aab ( ,pelias2#aac ( ,patroklos4#aad ,!y 7 kept 9 temples d$icat$ to v>i\s gods3 e4 g41 9 ^? ( ,apollo at ,delphi1 at ,amyklai1#aae & on ,delos1#aaf at ! ,ptoian sanctu>y#aag & 9 ! ,ism5ion at ,!bes2#aah 9 ! temples ( ,zeus at ,olympia & ,dodona2#aai ( ,h]akles at ,!bes2#abj at ! ,hi]o!sion 9 ,mess5e1#aba etc4 ,lat]1 because x s]v$ ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 ! tripod became a "p ( ! ,apoll9e cult & ! special attribute ( t god4#abb ,gold & silv] vessels & articles ( bronze 7 ev]y:]e us$ z prizes4 ,9 e>ly days bronze 0 v valuable4 ,p9d> proves ?is = games held 9 ,a*aia & ,arkadia2#abc & x cont9u$ to be us$ 9 lat] times1 z1 e4 g41 at ! ,pana!naia1 :]e a hydria ( bronze 0 a prize 9 ! tor*-race4#abd ,at ! less] games all sorts ( articles 7 (f]$1 m]ely = _! value4 ,?us a %ield 0 (f]$ at ! ,argive ,h]aia1#abe a b[l at ! games 9 honor ( ,aiakos on ,aeg9a1#abf silv] cups at ! ,m>a?onian ,h]akleia#abg & at ! ,sikyonian ,py?ia1#abh a cloak at ,pell5e1#abi app>5tly a cuirass at ,argos1#acj & j>s ( oil f sacr$ trees at ! ,pana!naia4#aca ,a kettle is m5tion$ 9 ! ,an?ology2#acb an inscrib$ cauldron f ,cumae1 :i* 0 a prize at ! games !re 9 honor ( ,onoma/os1 is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#acc :ile measures ( b>ley & corn 7 prizes at ! ,eleus9ia4#acd ,:ile pres5ts ( value cont9u$ to be giv5 at ! local games1#ace a simple wrea? ( leaves gradually came to be ! prize (f]$ ! victor at ! great national fe/ivals4 ,pausanias#acf says t ?is 0 compos$ ( wild olive 77 at ,olympia1 ( laurel 77 at ,delphi1 ( p9e 77 at ! ,i/hmus1 & ( cel]y 77 at ,nemea4 ,phlegon says t ! olive wrea? 0 fir/ us$ by ,iphitos 9 ,ol4 #g 7 #geb ,b4 ,c471 :5 x 0 giv5 to ! ,mess5ian runn] ,dakles1#acg & t = ! prec$+ ,olympiads !re 0 no cr[n4#ach ,probably be=e t date tripods & o!r articles ( value 7 ! prizes at ,olympia1 z we "k !y 7 else:]e4 ,pausanias says t ! wild olive came f ! l& ( ! ,hyp]boreans4#aci ,p9d> calls x m]ely olive 771 & n wild olive4#adj ,! ,a!nian tradition 0 t ! olive :i* ,h]akles plant$ at ,olympia 0 a %oot ( a sacr$ tree :i* grew on ! banks ( ! ,ilissos 9 ,attica4#ada ,phlegon also says t ! fir/ cr[n came f ,attika4 ,9 lat] days ! ,olympic wrea?s 7 cut f ! 8,olive ( ! ,faircr[n02#adb its bran*es 7 cut ) a gold5 sickle by a boy ^: p>5ts mu/ be liv+2#adc x grew at ,olympia 9 a spot ne> ! s-call$ ,pan!ion1#add :i* 0 probably a grove beh9d ! temple ( ,zeus4#ade ,! laurel prize at ! ,py?ian games replac$ ! old] articles ( value or money 9 #ehb ,b4 ,c4#adf ,x came f ,tempe & 0 pluck$ by a boy ^: p>5ts mu/ be liv+4#adg ,! wrea? is se5 on late ,delphian co9s ( ! imp]ial age4#adh ,lucian also /ates t apples 7 giv5 z prizes at ,delphi4#adi ,wild cel]y 0 ! prize at ! ,i/hmus 9 ! "t ( ,p9d>4#aej ,x 0 dri$ or )]$ to diff]5tiate x f ! fre% cel]y us$ at ,nemea4#aea ,lat] writ]s say t ! wrea? 0 ( ! leaves ( ! p9e1#aeb :i* 0 ! tree sacr$ to ,poseidon4 ,probably p9e leaves compos$ ! old] wrea?1 a practice c]ta9ly reviv$ aga9 9 lat] ,roman imp]ial days2#aec = :ile on co9s ( ,augu/us & ,n]o cel]y is repres5t$1 ^? ( ,anton9us ,pius & ,lucius ,v]us %[ p9e4#aed ,a r[ ( p9e trees l9$ ! approa* to ,poseidon's sanctu>y4#aee ,! prize at ,nemea 0 cel]y & n p>sley1 z _m wrongly int]pret ! wrea? appe>+ on ,sel9untian co9s4#aef ,pausanias also /ates t at mo/ ,greek games a palm wrea? 0 plac$ 9 ! victor's "r h&4#aeg ,! palm z a symbol ( victory occurs fir/ t[>d ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#aeh ,,d$ication ,,( ,,a?lete ,,prizes4 ,j z soldi]s on return+ f successful campaigns might d$icate _! spoils ( victory1 victors 9 a?letic conte/s might consecrate to ! gods _! prizes4 ,9 ! ,hom]ic poems we h no c]ta9 evid5ce ( su* a cu/om4 ,a ,delphic tripod 0 ascrib$ to ,diom$es & possibly ?is 0 a prize won at ! fun]al games 9 honor ( ,patroklos4#aei ,! fir/ lit]>y example ( su* a d$ication ( :i* we are c]ta9 is ! prize tripod d$icat$ to ! ,helikonian ,muses by ,hesiod4#afj ,frequ5tly su* d$ications 7 tripods2 ?us a ,py?ian tripod 0 d$icat$ to ,h]akles at ,!bes by ! ,arkadian musician ,e*embrotos 9 #ehf ,b4 ,c42#afa a tripod 0 d$icat$ 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 or p]haps e>li] at ,a!ns = "s acrobatic or juggl+ trick2#afb a victori\s box] d$icat$ "o at ,!bes4#afc ,x became cu/om>y by ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 = victors at ! ,triopia to (f] prize tripods to ,apollo4#afd ,tripods or fragm5ts ( !m h be5 f\nd at ,olympia#afe & else:]e4 ,_m o!r objects 7 also (f]$4#aff ,sometimes a victor w\ld d$icate ! object by :i* he won 8 victory in/ead ( 8 prize1 j z a soldi] might d$icate 8 arms in/ead ( 8 spoils ( w>4 ,c]ta9 types ( victors1 e4 g41 ^? especially 9 runn+1 ! race 9 armor1 s++1 etc41 w\ld be exclud$ f mak+ su* d$ications ow+ to ! nature ( ! conte/4 ,pausanias#afg tells u1 = in/ance1 t tw5ty-five bronze %ields 7 kept 9 ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia = ! use ( hoplite runn]s1 :i* %[s t ^! runn]s did n use all at lea/ ( _! own armor4 ,9 "s cases diskoi 7 l5t to p5ta?letes4 ,pausanias#afh says t ?ree quoits 7 kept 9 ! treasury ( ! ,sikyonians at ,olympia = use 9 ! p5ta?lon4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 z we %all see1 in/ances ( quoits be+ d$icat$ by victors4 ,! p5ta?lete might consecrate ei!r 8 diskos1 javel91 or jump+-weights4#afi ,p]haps ! huge r$-s&/one block ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 weigh+ #cae p\nds & inscrib$ ) ! "n & feat ( ,bybon1 may h be5 su* an ex voto1#agj s9ce ,pausanias says ! conte/ants at ,olympia orig9ally us$ /ones = quoits4#aga ,a /one1 weigh+ #dhj kilograms 7ab\t #a1jef p\nds71 0 f\nd on ,!ra1 inscrib$ 8,euma/os rais$ me f ! gr\nd40#agb ,poplios 7,publius7 ,asklepiades1 :o won ! p5ta?lon at ,olympia 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d41#agc d$icat$ a bronze diskos to ,zeus1 %[+ ! old cu/om 0 kept up till late4 ,_m bronze diskoi h be5 f\nd 9 ! excavations ( ! ,altis4#agd ,we h in/ances ( ! d$ication ( jump+-weights 774#age ,examples ( d$icat$ /rigils h be5 f\nd at ,olympia4#agf ,tor*es 7 d$icat$ at ,a!ns4#agg ,actors d$icat$ _! masks1#agh :ile "s ( ! ivory lyres & plectra cons]v$ 9 ! ,p>!non 7 probably (f]+s ( musical victors at ! ,pana!naic games4#agi ,eque/rian victors d$icat$ _! *>iots1 or models ( !m1 & _! horses4 ,^! models might be l>ge or small4 ,we h notices ( l>ge *>iot-gr\ps at ,olympia ( ,kleo/h5es1#ahj ,gelo1#aha & ,hi]o ( ,syracuse2#ahb ( small ones ( ,euagoras1#ahc ,glaukon1#ahd ,kyniska1#ahe & ,polypei!s4#ahf ,a l>ge numb] ( m9iature models ( *>iots & horses 9 bronze & t]ra cotta h be5 f\nd at ,olympia1#ahg "s ( :i* h no :eels4 ,_m v ?9 foil :eels h also be5 f\nd4#ahh ,furtwa5gl]#ahi believes t ^! :eels are conv5tional r$uctions ( :ole *>iots4 ,"s ( !m are ca/#aij & !y are g5]ally f\r-spok$1 b two mule-c> :eels are five-spok$4#aia ,^! v>i\s models are s common & ( s little value1 h[ev]1 t !y may h _h no?+ to d ) *>iot-races4#aib ,_m great arti/s1 e4 g41 ,kalamis1#aic ,euphranor1#aid & ,lysippos1#aie are kn[n to h made *>iot-gr\ps & x is reasonable to assume t "s ( ^! 7 votive 9 "*4 ,besides d$ications ( *>iot victors1 we f9d at ,olympia also ^? ( horse-rac]s4 ,^! 7 simil>ly bo? l>ge & small1 ) & )\t jockeys4 ,?us jockeys on horseback by ,kalamis /ood on ei!r side ( ,hi]o's *>iot4#aif ,krokon ( ,eretria1 :o won ! horse-race at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41#aig d$icat$ a small bronze horse at ,olympia4#aih ,! monum5t ( ! sons ( ,pheidolas ( ,cor9?1#aii repres5t+ a horse on ! top ( a column1 mu/ h be5 small4 ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ ! two /atues ( ! ,sp>tan *>iot victor ,lyk9os by ,myron1#bjj says t "o ( ! horses :i* ! victor br\ght to ,olympia 0 n all[$ to ent] ! foal-race1 & !re=e 0 ent]$ 9 ! horse-race4 ,?is /ory 0 probably told ,pausanias by ! ,olympia guides & may h aris5 f ! smallness ( "o ( ! horses 9 ! monum5t4#bja ,! sculptors ,kalamis1#bjb ,kana*os1#bjc & ,hegias#bjd are kn[n to h made gr\ps repres5t+ horse-victors1 & ,pl9y d]ives ! :ole g5re ( eque/rian monum5ts f ! ,greeks4#bje ,great numb]s ( small figures ( horses & rid]s h be5 excavat$ at ,olympia#bjf & else:]e4#bjg ,eque/rian gr\ps ( v>i\s k9ds 7 also kn[n outside ,olympia4 ,?us ,arkesilas ,,iv ( ,kyr5e (f]$ a *>iot model at ,delphi = a victory 9 #dff ,b4 ,c2#bjh ! base f\nd on ! ,akropolis ( ,a!ns & inscrib$ ) ! "n ,onatas probably upheld su* a gr\p2#bji ! eque/rian /atue ( ,isokrates on ! ,akropolis 0 also probably a d$ication = a victory 9 horse-rac+4#baj ,,d$ication ,,( ,,/atues ,,at ,,olympia ,,& ,,else:]e4 ,n only did eque/rian conte/s & ! p5ta?lon give ! victor an opportunity to repres5t ! means by :i* he ga9$ 8 prize1 b any victori\s a?lete c\ld set up a /atue ( himself 9 8 own honor1 :i* might ei!r repres5t him 9 ! *>act]i/ic attitude ( 8 conte/ 7p]haps ) its di/+ui%+ attributes7 or might be a simple monum5t %[+ nei!r action nor attribute4 ,?is br+s u to ! ma9 subject ( ! pres5t "w--! discussion ( ! diff]5t types ( victor /atues at ,olympia4 ,( all ! national games ( ,hellas1 our k ( ,olympia is fulle/1 bo? because ( ! detail$ acc\nt ( its monum5ts by ,pausanias1 :o visit$ ,elis 9 #agc or #agd ,a4 ,d41 & because ( ! sy/ematic excavation ( ! ,altis by ! ,g]man gov]nm5t 9 ! sev5ties ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,we %all n be conc]n$1 except incid5tally1 ) monum5ts set up at ! o!r national games1 :i* are kn[n to u 9 no su* degree z ^? ( ,olympia4 ,! int]e/ ( ,pausanias 9 ,delphi 0 almo/ entirely ( a religi\s nature1 & ! less] r5[n ( bo? ,nemea & ! ,i/hmus caus$ him to treat _! topography & monum5ts 9 a mo/ summ>y mann]4 ,?\gh ! ,py?ia z a fe/ival 7 second only to ! ,olympia1 z an a?letic meet !y sc>cely equall$ ! ,nemea or ! ,i/hmia4 ,f ! e>lie/ days music 0 ! *ief competition at ,delphi2 ! olde/ & mo/ important ev5t 9 ! musical programme !re all ?r\gh ,greek hi/ory 0 ! ,hymn to ,apollo1 sung ) ! accompanim5t ( ! lyre1 9 :i* 0 celebrat$ ! victory ( ! god ov] ! ,py?on4 ,by #ehb ,b4 ,c4 s++ to ! flute 77 0 also add$1 b 0 almo/ imm$iately discont9u$4 ,9 ! same ye> a flute solo 0 also inaugurat$4#baa ,9 #eeh ,b4 ,c4 lyre-play+ 0 introduc$4 ,"u ! ,roman ,empire poetic & dramatic competitions 7 prom95t1 b ! date ( _! introduction is n kn[n4 ,pl9y m5tions conte/s 9 pa9t+4#bab ,aft] music ! eque/rian conte/s 7 ! mo/ important1 ev5 rivall+ ^? ( ,olympia4 ,by #ehf ,b4 ,c41 z we h se51 a?letic ev5ts 7 inaugurat$4 ,! a?letic importance ( ! games on ! ,i/hmus 0 inf]ior to t ( ,olympia & its religi\s "* to t ( ,delphi1 ?\gh ^! games 7 ! mo/ frequ5t$ ( all ! great national ones1 because ( ! accessibility ( ! place & its ne>ness to ,cor9?4#bac ,! inf]iority ( ! a?letics "h may be judg$ by ! fact t ,solon assign$ only #ajj dra*m to an ,i/hmian victor1 :ile #ejj 7 giv5 to "o f ,olympia4#bad ,we h little k ( ^! games ?r\gh ! great p]iod ( ,greek hi/ory1 only a ref]5ce "h & !re to a victor4#bae ,we "k mu* m ( !m "u ! ,romans1 :5 ! prosp]ity ( ,cor9? 0 reviv$2 at t "t1 h[ev]1 !re 0 little true int]e/ 9 a?letics4 ,cor9? !n sp5t great sums 9 procur+ wild animals = ! ar5a4#baf ,excavations h add$ little to our k ( ^! games4#bag ,! int]e/ at ,nemea 9 a?letics 0 second only to t ( ,olympia4#bah ,:ile music 0 ! mo/ important feature at ,delphi1 & ! ,i/hmian games 7 att5d$ *iefly = ! attractions ( ! neighbor+ ,cor9?1 !re 0 no?+ b ! games !mselves to attract p to ! retir$ valley ( ,nemea4 ,a?letic conte/s 7 ! only feature "h until late times & great att5tion 0 paid to ^? ( boys4#bai ,! records ( ! victors at ^! games are v scanty4#bbj ,at all ^! ?ree games victor monum5ts 7 set up1 ?\gh 9 no su* pr(usion z at ,olympia4 ,( ^? set up at ,delphi1 ,pausanias %[s 8 disda9 by ^! words3 8,z to ! a?letes & musical competitors :o h attract$ no notice f ! majority ( mank9d1 ,i hold !m h>dly wor?y ( att5tion2 & ! a?letes :o h made !mselves a "n h already be5 set =? by me 9 my acc\nt ( ,elis40#bba ,he m5tions ! /atue ( only "o victor1 t ( ,phallos1 :o won at ,delphi twice 9 ! p5ta?lon & once 9 runn+4 ,a score or m ( inscriptions 9 honor ( ^! m5 :om ,pausanias treats s contemptu\sly h be5 recov]$4 ,"s ( !m record (f]+s d$icat$ = victories1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m record decrees pass$ by ! ,delphians1 :o vot$ ! victors n only wrea?s ( laurel1 b seats ( honor at ! games & o!r privileges4#bbb ,victor /atues seem to h /ood outside ! sacr$ prec9ct at ,delphi & n )9 x1 z at ,olympia1 s9ce ,pausanias m5tions ! sanctu>y aft] m5tion+ ! /atue ( ,phallos4#bbc ,o!r ,greek & ,roman writ]s give u /ray h9ts ( ^! /atues4 ,?us1 ,pl9y m5tions a /atue at ,delphi ( a pancratia/es by ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion#bbd & says t ,myron made ,delphicos p5ta?los1 pancratia/as4#bbe ,a s*olion on ,p9d>#bbf m5tions ! helmet$ /atue ( ! hoplite runn] ,telisikrates z /&+ 9 ! prec9ct4 ,ju/91 9 speak+ ( ! ,gallic invasion ( ,delphi1 m5tions /atuasque cum quadrigis1 qu>um +5s copia procul visebatur1 ?us ref]r+ to l>ge *>iot-gr\ps1 :i* w\ld be v sightly on ! slope ( ! prec9ct4#bbg ,an idea ( ! beauty ( su* gr\ps may be ga!r$ f ! remnant ( "o1 ! bronze ,*>iote] discov]$ by ! ,fr5* excavators1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important ar*aic sculptures f antiquity 7,fig4 #ff74bbh ,we "k f ! words ( ,pausanias#bbi t victor /atues also /ood on ! ,i/hmus1 & we %\ld assume ! same = ,nemea1 ?\gh 9 bo? places !y mu/ h be5 few 9 numb]4 ,at ! v>i\s local games x 0 cu/om>y = victors to erect /atues ( !mselves4 ,?us we "k ( su* d$ications at ! ,botian games 9 ,!bes1#bcj at ! ,didymaion1#bca & at ! ,lykaia 9 ,arkadia4#bcb ,_m su* victor /atues decorat$ diff]5t localities ( ,a!ns4 ,?us1 on ! ,akropolis1 we "k ( ! /atues ( ! hoplite runn] ,epi*>9os1#bcc ( ! pancratia/ ,h]molykos1#bcd ( a helmet$ man by ! sculptor ,kleoitas1#bce ( a repres5t+ ,isokrates2#bcf 9 ! ,prytaneion1 ( ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,autolykos4#bcg ,lyk\rgos1 ! rhetor1 m5tions victor /atues 9 ! agora ( ,a!ns4#bch ,"s ( ^! ,a!nian /atues may h be5 ^? ( ,olympic victors2#bci & ( victors c]ta9ly ,olympic we "k ( ! /atues ( ,kallias ! pancratia/1#bdj ( ! *>iote] ,h]mokrates1#bda & ( ! bronze m>es ( ,kimon4#bdb ,( ! /atues ( ,nemean victors at ,a!ns we "k ( t ( ,hege/ratos1 victor 9 an unkn[n conte/4#bdc ,( ,i/hmian victors !re we "k ( t ( ! pancratia/ ,diophanes1#bdd & ( o!r examples4#bde ,we h inscriptional record ( ! /atues at ,a!ns ( a boy victor at ! ,pana!naia & ! ,?>gelia 9 *>iot-rac+1#bdf ( a victor at ! ,py?ia1 ,i/hmia1 ,nemea1 & ! ,pana!naia1#bdg ( "o at ! ,nemea & ,h]akleia at ,!bes1#bdh ( "o at ! ,eleus9ia1#bdi ( "o at ! ,pana!naia & ,dionysia1#bej & ( o!rs at sev]al games4#bea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,victor1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,! erection ( a /atue 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia 0 an honor :i* ! ,elean (fic]s 9 *>ge ( ! games#beb gave to victors to glorify _! victory4#bec ,pl9y1 9 a well-kn[n passage ( ! ,hi/oria ,naturalis1#bed says x 0 cu/om>y = all victors to set up /atues1 :ile ,pausanias#bee says n all a?letes did ?is1 = 8"s ( ^? :o specially di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ! games 444 h _h no /atues40 ,?is app>5t contradiction 9 ! /atem5ts ( ! two writ]s is to be expla9$1 z ,ditt5b]g]#bef & o!rs h po9t$ out1 on ! gr\nd t ,pl9y /ates ! g5]al privilege ext5d$ to ! victor1 :ile ,pausanias /ates its practical work+ out1 s9ce ! sett+ up ( a /atue 0 an und]tak+ :i* w\ld be limit$ by ! e>ly dea?1 pov]ty1 or "s o!r disability ( ! victori\s a?lete4 ,! co/ ( mak+1 transport+1 & sett+ up a /atue 0 consid]able1 & v (t5 a victor mu/ h be5 too poor to d x4 ,9 su* a case he w\ld (t5 be cont5t$ to set up m]ely a /atuette or small figure 9 bronze or m>ble4 ,sev]al su* bronze figures h be5 une>!d at ,olympia1#beg "o ( :i* we reproduce 9 ,fig4 #b1 & we h _m examples f\nd outside ! ,altis3 e4 g41 a gr\p ( wre/l]s1#beh a box]1#bei & ! arm ( a quoit-?r[]#bfj f ! ,a!nian ,akropolis1 an ar*aic girl runn] f ,dodona1#bfa an ar*aic /atuette f ,delphi ) a lo9-clo?1#bfb a bronze quoit-?r[] d$icat$ 9 ! ,kabeirion1#bfc ! ,tueb+5 bronze hoplite runn]#bfd 7,fig4 #db71 & ! /atuette ( a f ,dodona4#bfe ,we %\ld also m5tion ! great numb] ( /atuettes ( diskos-?r[]s 9 mod]n museums4#bff ,boy victors especially w\ld use ! less exp5sive m>ble = su* /atuettes & we h ! remnants ( _m su* f\nd 9 ! excavations ( ! ,altis4#bfg ,pausanias m5tions sev]al monum5ts :i* 7 less ?an life-size1 e4 g41 a horse among ! (f]+s ( ,phormis1 :i* he says 0 8mu* inf]ior 9 size & %ape to all o!r /atues ( horses 9 ! ,altis10#bfh & ! eque/rian monum5ts already discuss$4 ,ev5 reliefs & pa9t+s1 9 "s cases1 7 (f]$ 9 lieu ( l>g] monum5ts1 n only = reasons ( economy1 b also because !y gave a bett] repres5tation ( ! conte/4 ,?is cu/om 0 common at ! less] games1 especially at ! ,pana!naia4#bfi ,pausanias m5tions pa9t$ iconic reliefs v[$ by girl runn]s at ! games 9 honor ( ,h]a at ,olympia4#bgj ,on an ,attic vase 9 ,muni* a victor is repres5t$ z hold+ an iconic votive p9ax 9 8 h&s4#bga ,pausanias speaks ( a pa9t+ by ,tima9etos at ,a!ns1 :i* repres5t$ a boy c>ry+ hydri1#bgb & "o ( a wre/l] by ! same arti/ 9 ! ,p9ako!ke on ! ,akropolis4 ,pl9y m5tions pa9t+s1 ! works ( great ma/]s1 repres5t+ victors3 ?us ! curr5tes quadrigae by ! eld] ,ari/eides ( ,!bes1#bgc a victor c]tam9e gymnico palmam t55s by ,eupompos1#bgd an a?lete by ,zeuxis1#bge ! victor ,aratos ) a trophy by ,leontiskos1#bgf an a?lete by ,protog5es1#bgg two hoplite runn]s by ,p>rhasios1#bgh a luctator tubic5que by ,antidotos & a w>rior by ! same arti/1 9 ,a!ns1#bgi :i* repres5t$ a man fight+ ) a %ield1 & a man ano9t+ himself1 ! "w ( ! pa9t] ,!oros4#bhj ,app>5tly ! ,hellanodikai all[$ b "o /atue = ea* victory4 ,ais*9es ! ,elean _h two victories & two /atues4#bha ,dikon ( ,kaulonia & ,syracuse _h ?ree victories & ?ree /atues4#bhb ,! ,sp>tan ,lyk9os _h two victories & two /atues by ,myron1 b we h already said t ! second /atue 0 probably t ( 8 *>iote]1 ! two =m+ "p ( an eque/rian gr\p4#bhc ,kapros ( ,elis won two victories & _h z _m /atues4#bhd ,on ! o!r h& ,troilos ( ,elis1 :o won 9 two ev5ts1 _h only "o /atue4#bhe ,simil>ly ,arkesilaos ( ,sp>ta _h two victories 9 ! *>iot-race & only "o /atue4#bhf ,x5ombrotos ( ,cos1 :o appe>s to h won once only1 _h1 h[ev]1 two monum5ts1 "o m5tion$ by ,pausanias & ! o!r kn[n to u f ! recov]$ inscription4#bhg ,b ?is la/ case seems to be ! only kn[n exception4 ,:5 ! victor 0 unable to set up 8 monum5t1 :e!r because ( y\?1 pov]ty1 e>ly dea?1 or o!r reason1 sometimes ! privilege 0 utiliz$ by a relative1 a fri5d1 or by 8 native city4 ,9 any case x 0 a private affair ) :i* ! ,elean (ficials _h no conc]n4 ,we h examples1 consequ5tly1 ( ! /atue be+ set up by ! son1#bhh fa!r 7especially 9 recov]$ inscriptions aft] ! "t ( ,augu/us71#bhi "m1#bij & bro!r2#bia also sev]al examples ( /atues re>$ 9 honor ( a?letes by fell[ citiz5s4#bib ,!re are cases 9 :i* ! tra9] set up ! /atue4#bic ,frequ5tly ! native city p]=m$ ! duty1 d$icat+ ! /atue ei!r at ,olympia or 9 ! victor's city4 ,?us ,oibotas1 :o won ! /ade-race 9 ,ol4 #f 7 #gef ,b4 ,c471 _h a /atue at ,olympia :i* 0 erect$ by ! ,a*an /ate out ( def]5ce to a comm& ( ! ,delphian oracle 9 ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c474#bid ,! /atue ( ,ag5or1 by ,polykleitos ! ,y\ng]1 a boy wre/l] f ,!bes1 0 d$icat$ by ! conf$]acy ( ,phokis1 because 8 fa!r 0 a public fri5d ( ! nation4#bie ,! boy runn] ,h]odotos ( ,klazom5ai _h a /atue erect$ by 8 native t[n at ,olympia because he 0 ! fir/ victor f !re4#bif ,phil9os ( ,kos _h a /atue set up by ! p ( ,kos at ,olympia 8because ( glory won10 = he 0 victor five times 9 runn+ at ,olympia1 f\r at ,delphi1 f\r at ,nemea1 & elev5 at ! ,i/hmus4#big ,h]mesianax ( ,kolophon _h a /atue at ,olympia erect$ by 8 city4#bih ,! pancratia/ ,proma*os ( ,pell5e _h two /atues erect$ to him by 8 fell[ citiz5s1 "o at ,olympia1 ! o!r 9 ,pell5e4#bii ,we "k ( ?ree /ate d$ications ( /atues at ,olympia f inscriptions1 ^? ( ,ari/ophon ( ,a!ns1#cjj ( ,epi!rses ( ,ery?rai1#cja & ( ,polyx5os by ! p ( ,zakyn?os4#cjb ,li*as ( ,sp>ta1 at a date :5 ! ,sp>tans 7 exclud$ f ! games1 ent]$ 8 *>iot 9 ! "n ( ! ,!ban p1 & ,pausanias says t 8 victory 0 s ent]$ on ! ,elean regi/]4#cjc ,we le>n f ! ,oxyrhynchus,papyri t ! public horse ( ! ,argives won at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #ge 7 #dhj ,b4 ,c47 & ! public *>iot 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c474#cjd ,9 ^! latt] two cases ! public 0 directly int]e/$1 & _h !re be5 monum5ts erect$ to commemorate ! victories !y w\ld naturally h be5 set up by ! /ate4 ,x has be5 wrongly assum$ t monum5ts ( boy victors 7 d$icat$ 9 ! "n ( _! p>5ts or relatives4#cje ,on ! contr>y1 we h examples dat+ back to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ( boys sett+ up /atues at ,olympia4 ,?us ! inscription f ! base ( ! /atue ( ,tellon1 :o won 9 ! boys' box+ mat* 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c471 /ates t he d$icat$ 8 own /atue4#cjf ,pausanias says t ! ,eleans all[$ ! boy wre/l] ,krat9os f ,aigeira to erect a /atue ( 8 tra9]4#cjg ,( c\rse ! boy might ne$ assi/ance 9 ! und]tak+1 b ?is aga9 0 no conc]n ( ! ,elean (ficials1 :o grant$ ! privilege to ! victor & n to 8 relatives4 ,usually ! /atue ( a victor 0 erect$ soon aft] ! victory4 ,we h "s examples ( ! /atue be+ erect$ imm$iately aft] ! victory1 especially 9 ! case ( m5 victors4 ,?us ,pausanias says t ! victor ,eubotas ( ,kyr5e1 9 consequ5ce ( a ,libyan oracle =etell+ 8 victory 9 ! foot-race1 _h 8 /atue made be=e com+ to ,olympia & erect$ x 8! v day on :i* he 0 proclaim$ victor40#cjh ,! fam\s ,milo ( ,kroton spectacul>ly c>ri$ 8 /atue into ! ,altis on 8 back be=e he ent]$ ! conte/4#cji ,!re are also examples ( /atues be+ erect$ long aft] ! victory1 sometimes c5turies lat]4 ,we h already m5tion$ t a /atue 0 erect$ to ,oibotas 9 ,ol4 #hj1 ?\gh 8 victory 0 won 9 ,ol4 #f4 ,*ionis1 :o won 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #bh-ca 7 #ffh-fef ,b4 ,c47 _h a /atue by ,myron erect$ to 8 memory ,ol4 #gg or #gh 7 #dgb or #dfh ,b4 ,c474#caj ,*eilon ( ,patrai1 twice victor 9 wre/l+ betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ajc & #aae 7 #cfh & #cbj ,b4 ,c471 _h 8 /atue set up aft] 8 dea?4#caa ,polydamas ( ,skot\ssa won 8 victory 9 ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c471 b 8 /atue by ,lysippos c\ld n h be5 erect$ until _m ye>s lat]4#cab ,glaukos1 :o won ! boys' box+-mat* 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 _h a /atue by ! ,aeg9etan sculptor ,glaukias mu* lat]4#cac ,9 ! case ( boy victors1 ! "t betwe5 boyhood & com+ ( age 0 (t5 s %ort t 9 _m cases we may assume t ! /atue 0 set up "s "t aft] ! victory4#cad ,,honors ,,paid ,,to ,,victors ,,by ,,_! ,,native ,,cities4 ,s9ce ! victor 0 deem$ ! repres5tative ( ! /ate1 he (t5 receiv$ a m sub/antial rew>d ?an a /atue erect$ at ! co/ ( 8 fell[ citiz5s4 ,! h]ald1 9 proclaim+ 8 victory1 proclaim$ also ! "n ( 8 t[n1 :i* ?us %>$ 9 8 success4 ,at ,a!ns x 0 cu/om>y = a victor at ! great games to receive a rew>d ( money4 ,to enc\rage an int]e/ 9 a?letics !re1 ,solon e/abli%$ money prizes = victori\s a?letes4 ,we h already said t #ajj dra*m 7 giv5 to a victor at ! ,i/hmus1 :ile #ejj 7 allott$ to "o at ,olympia4 ,solon fur!r orda9$ t victors %\ld eat at ! ,prytaneion at ! public exp5se4#cae ,probably o!r ,greek /ates foll[$ ! ,a!nian cu/om4 ,we "k f an inscription t ! ,pana!naic victors 9 ! /ade-race receiv$ #ej amphor ( oil1 ! pancratia/ #dj1 & o!rs #cj4caf ,lat]1 9 ,rome1 victors _h special privileges grant$ !m1 includ+ ma9t5ance at ! public exp5se1 a privilege :i* ,mc5as advis$ ! emp]or ,augu/us to limit to victors at ,olympia1 ,delphi1 & ,rome4#cag ,augu/us 9 o!r ways enl>g$ ! privileges ( a?letes4#cah ,:5 we consid] ! intimate connection betwe5 religion & a?letics & ! ,panhell5ic fame ( a victor at ! great games1 we c easily und]/& ! indignation ( ! native t[n :5 its a?letes did any?+ di%onorable4 ,sometimes a victor 0 brib$ to appe> z ! citiz5 ( "s o!r /ate4 ,?us ,a/ylos ( ,kroton1 :o won 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #gc-gf 7 #dhh-dgf ,b4 ,c471 _h himself proclaim$ 9 8 la/ two conte/s a ,syracusan to please ,k+ ,hi]o4 ,! citiz5s ( 8 native t[n burn$ 8 h\se & pull$ d[n 8 /atue1 :i* _h be5 plac$ !re 9 ! temple ( ,h]a4#cai ,! ,cretan ,sotades1 :o won ! long runn+ race 9 ,ol4 #ii 7 #chd ,b4 ,c471 0 brib$ at ! next ,olympiad by ! city ( ,ephesos to proclaim himself an ,ephesian1 & 0 9 consequ5ce exil$4#cbj ,dikon1 a victor 9 runn+ races at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 proclaim$ himself fir/ a citiz5 ( ,kaulonia1 b lat]1 8= a sum ( money10 ent]$ ! m5's conte/ z a ,syracusan4#cba ,sometimes su* attempts at brib]y prov$ unsuccessful4 ,?us ! fa!r ( ! boy box] ,antipatros ( ,miletos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ih 7 #chh ,b4 ,c471 accept$ a bribe f "s ,syracusans1 :o 7 br++ an (f]+ to ,olympia f ,dionysios1 to let ! boy be proclaim$ a ,syracusan4 ,b ! boy himself refus$ ! bribe & _h inscrib$ on 8 /atue by ! y\ng] ,polykleitos t he 0 a ,milesian1 ! fir/ ,ionian to d$icate a /atue at ,olympia4#cbb ,! ,sp>tan *>iot victor ,li*as has already be5 m5tion$ z hav+ ent]$ 8 *>iot 9 ! "n ( ,!bes4 ,! reason 0 t at ! "t ! ,sp>tans 7 exclud$ f ent]+ ! games at ,olympia4 ,he won1 & 9 8 excitem5t ti$ a ribbon on 8 *>iote] ) 8 own h&s1 !reby %[+ t ! horses belong$ to him & n to ,!bes4 ,= ?is infraction ( ! rules he1 ?\gh an ag$ man1 0 puni%$ by ! umpires by sc\rg+4#cbc ,a m disgraceful act 0 sell+ out1 ( :i* we h two examples at ,olympia4 ,! ,!ssalian ,eupolos brib$ 8 ?ree adv]s>ies 9 box+ to let him w94 ,all f\r 7 f9$ & f ! money six bronze /atues ( ,zeus1 kn[n z ,zanes1 7 erect$ at ! entrance to ! /adion1 inscrib$ ) elegiac v]ses :i* w>n$ future a?letes aga9/ repeat+ su* attempts4#cbd ,m ?an fifty ye>s lat] ,kallippos1 a p5ta?lete ( ,a!ns1 brib$ 8 oppon5ts &1 be+ detect$1 all 7 f9$ & f ! money1 f9ally collect$ f ! recalcitrant ,a!nians ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! oracle at ,delphi1 six m ,zanes 7 erect$4#cbe ,/raton 7or ,/ratonikos71 ( ,alex&ria1 won 9 wre/l+ & ! pankration on ! same day 9 ,ol4 #agh 7 #fh ,b4 ,c474 ,9 ! wre/l+ mat* he _h two adv]s>ies1 ,eudelos & ,philo/ratos ( ,rhodes4 ,! latt] _h brib$ ,eudelos to sell out &1 be+ detect$1 _h to pay a f9e4 ,out ( ?is money ano!r ,zan 0 set up & /ill ano!r at ! co/ ( ! ,rhodians4#cbf ,9 ,ol4 #aib 7 #ab ,b4 ,c47 & 9 ,ol4 #bbf 7 #abe ,a4 ,d471 we he> ( f9es = su* corruption out ( :i* additional ,zanes 7 erect$4#cbg ,9 ,ol4 #bja 7 #be ,a4 ,d47 ,s>apion1 a pancratia/ f ,alex&ria1 became s afraid ( 8 antagoni/ t he fl$ ! day be=e ! conte/ & 0 f9$--! only case record$ ( an a?lete be+ f9$ = c[>dice at ,olympia4#cbh ,9 ,ol4 #bah 7 #ic ,a4 ,d47 ano!r ,alex&r9e1 nam$ ,apollonios1 0 f9$ = arriv+ too late = ! games at ,olympia4 ,8 excuse ( be+ deta9$ by w9ds 0 f\nd to be false1 & x 0 discov]$ t he _h be5 mak+ money on ! games 9 ,ionia4#cbi ,cases ( brib]y 7 kn[n at o!r games4 ,a ?ird-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 inscription f ,epidauros records h[ ?ree a?letes 7 f9$ "o ?\s& /at]s ea* 4#ccj ,! v5ality ( ,i/hmian victors is %[n by ! acc\nt ( a competitor :o promis$ a rival ?ree ?\s& dra*m to let him w9 & !n1 on w9n+ on 8 m]its1 refus$ to pay1 ?\gh ! defeat$ conte/ant swore on ! alt> ( ,poseidon t he _h be5 promis$ ! am\nt4#cca ,! emp]or ,n]o1 9 ord] to w9 9 s++ at ! ,i/hmus1 _h to resort to =ce4 ,a c]ta9 ,epeirote s+] refus$ to )draw unless he receiv$ t5 tal5ts4 ,n]o1 to save himself f defeat1 s5t a b& ( m5 :o pummell$ 8 antagoni/ s t he c\ld n s+4#ccb ,(t5 ! home-com+ ( a victor at "o ( ! national games 0 ! occasion = a public celebration4 ,sometimes ! :ole city turn$ out to meet ! h]o4#ccc ,! victory 0 record$ on pill>s1 & poets compos$ songs 9 its honor :i* 7 sung by *oruses ( girls & boys4 ,sometimes a /atue 0 set up 9 ! agora or on ! ,akropolis4 ,9 ! cities ( ,magna ,grcia & ,sicily su* adulation ( ,olympic victors became at times v extravagant4 ,?us ,exa9etos ( ,akragas1 :o won ! /ade-race 9 ,ols4 #ia & #ib 7 #daf-dab ,b4 ,c471 0 br\ght into ! city 9 a f\r-horse *>iot drawn by 8 fell[-citiz5s1 & 0 escort$ by #cjj m5 9 two-horse *>iots drawn by :ite horses4#ccd ,x is also 9 ! ,we/ t we fir/ he> ( victors be+ wor%ipp$ z h]oes or gods1 ?\gh ! cu/om soon took root 9 ,greece4 ,x 0 b natural to acc\nt = ! great /r5g? ( fam\s a?letes by assign+ to !m div9e orig9 & by wor%ipp+ !m aft] dea?4#cce ,philippos ( ,kroton1 :o won 9 an unkn[n conte/ ab\t ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 _h a h]on erect$ 9 8 honor by ! p ( ,ege/a 9 ,sicily on acc\nt ( 8 beauty1 9 :i* he surpass$ all 8 contempor>ies1 & he 0 wor%ipp$ aft] 8 dea? z a h]o4#ccf ,! fam\s box] ,eu?ymos ( ,lokroi ,epizephyrioi1 :o won 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf1 #gg 7 #dhd1 #dgf1 #dgb ,b4 ,c471 0 wor%ipp$ ev5 be=e 8 dea? & 0 look$ ^u z ! son ( no e>?ly fa!r1 b ( ! riv]-god ,kaik9os4#ccg ,fabul\s feats 7 ascrib$ to him1 e4 g41 ! expulsion ( ! ,black ,_s f ,temessa4#cch ,dur+ & aft] 8 lifetime sacrifices 7 (f]$ 9 8 honor4#cci ,! equally fam$ box] & pancratia/ ,!ag5es ( ,?asos1 ! oppon5t ( ,eu?ymos1 :o won 9 ,ols4 #ge & #gf 7 #dhj & #dgf ,b4 ,c471 0 h]oiz$ aft] 8 dea?4#cdj ,! ,?asians ma9ta9$ t 8 fa!r 0 ,h]akles4#cda ,! box] ,kleom$es ( ,a/ypalaia1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ga 7 #dif ,b4 ,c471 0 honor$ z a h]o aft] dea?4#cdb ,hav+ kill$ ,ikkos1 8 oppon5t1 he became craz$ ) grief4 ,pausanias rec\nts 8 curi\s dea?4#cdc ,! wor%ip ( su* a?letes 0 suppos$ to be/[ physical /r5g? on _! ador]s & consequ5tly /atues 7 erect$ to !m 9 _m places & 7 ?\ght to be able to cure illnesses4#cdd ,! life ( a successful a?lete 0 look$ ^u z especially happy4 ,9 ,ari/ophanes' ,plutus1 ,h]mes des]ts ! gods & s]ves ,plutus 8! presid] ov] conte/s10 ?9k+ no s]vice m pr(itable to ! god ( weal? ?an hold+ conte/s 9 music & a?letics4#cde ,plato ?\ght an ,olympic victor's life 0 ! mo/ bless$ ( all f a mat]ial po9t ( view4#cdf ,9 ! my? ( ,er ! s\l ( ,atalanta *ooses ! body ( an a?lete1 on see+ 8! great rew>ds be/[$ on an a?lete40#cdg ,! great ,rhodian pancratia/ ,dorieus1 :o won 9 ,ols4 #hg1 #hh1 #hi 7 #dcb-dbd ,b4 ,c471 0 tak5 prison] by ,a!ns dur+ ! ,peloponnesian w>1 b 0 fre$ because ( 8 exploits at ,olympia4#cdh ,! honor 9 :i* a victor 0 held may also be judg$ by ! /ory ( ! ,sp>tan ephor ,*eilon1 :o di$ ( joy :ile embrac+ 8 victori\s son ,damagetos4#cdi ,to quote f ,erne/ ,g>dn]3 8,! extraord9>y1 almo/ sup]-human hon\rs paid to ! victors at ! great national conte/s made !m a !me = ! sculptor h>dly less noble ?an gods & h]oes1 & m adapt$ = ! display ( 8 skill1 z tra9$ by ! obs]vation ( ^? ex]cises :i* l$ to ! victory40#cej ,"s ( ! greate/ arti/s 7 employ$1 & great poets f ,simonides ( ,keos d[n1 includ+ su* names z ,bac*ylides & ,p9d>1 7 employ$ 9 s++ _! praises4 ,al?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t ! majority ( ! arti/s ( victor /atues at ,olympia are little kn[n or :olly unkn[n ma/]s1 ,pausanias m5tions among !m su* r5[n$ names z ,hageladas1 ,py?agoras1 ,kalamis1 ,myron1 ,polykleitos1 ,lysippos1 & possibly ,pheidias4 ,c]ta9 o!r great names1 h[ev]1 are abs5t f 8 li/s1 e4 g41 ,euphranor1 ,kresilas1 ,praxiteles1 & ,skopas4 ,su* extravagant rev]5ce ( ,olympic & o!r victors z we h outl9$ met1 ( c\rse1 ) viol5t prote/s all ?r\gh ,greek hi/ory1 j z ! excessive popul>ity ( a?letics has 9 our "t4 ,! philosoph] ,x5ophanes ( ,kolophon1 :o di$ #dhj ,b4 ,c41 0 sc&aliz$ at ! (f]+ ( div9e honors to a?letes4#cea ,:ile he d5\nc$ ! popul>ity ( a?letics1 ,euripides lat] d5\nc$ ! pr(essionalism :i* _h begun to creep 9 aft] ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ceb ,plato1 ?\gh a /rong advocate ( practical physical tra9+ = w>1 0 oppos$ to ! va9 _s ( competition 9 ! a?letics ( 8 day4 ,he compla9$ t pr(essional a?letes paid excessive att5tion to diet1 slept _! lives away1 & 7 9 dang] ( becom+ brutaliz$4#cec ,! la/ attack on pr(essional a?letics 9 po9t ( "t 0 made 9 ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d4 by ,gal51 9 8 ,exhortation to ! ,arts4#ced ,9 ?is essay ! em95t physician cont5d$ t ! a?lete 0 a b5efit nei!r to himself nor to ! /ate4 ,:5 we /udy ! brutal portraits ( prize-fight]s on ! contempor>y mosaics ( ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla at ,rome1 we c see to :at dep?s ! old a?letic ideal _h sunk1 & ! ju/ness ( 8 rebuke4#cee ,,votive ,,"* ,,( ,,victor ,,d$ications4 ,t *>iot & hippic monum5ts 7 votive 9 "* c sc>cely be d\bt$4 ,pausanias di/+ui%es betwe5 gymnic victors & eque/rian ones4#cef ,all au?orities agree t eque/rian monum5ts 7 diff]5t 9 orig9 & "* f ^? ( o!r victors4#ceg ,g>d9] believes t if ! ,olympic games develop$ out ( a s+le ev5t1 x 0 n ! /ade-race1 b ! *>iot-race or heavy-arm$-race4 ,he %[s t ! cu/om ( mak+ ! /ade runn] eponym\s = ! ,olympiad is n e>li] ?an ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & did n arise f ! importance ( t ev5t1 b f ! accid5t ( its com+ fir/ on ! program & fir/ on ! li/ ( victors4#ceh ,eque/rian monum5ts 7 d$icat$ at ,olympia all ?r\gh antiquity1 f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! second ,a4 ,d4 ,! olde/ 0 t ( ! ,sp>tan ,euagoras already m5tion$1 :o won 9 ! *>iot-race ?ree times 9 ,ols4 787 #eh-fj 7 #edh-edj ,b4 ,c474#cei ,! late/ dat$ example is t ( ,l4 ,m9icius ,natalis ( ,rome1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #bbg 7 #abi ,a 4,d474#cfj ,"s ( ! inscriptions p]ta9+ to eque/rian gr\ps are 9 v]se1#cfa :ile o!rs are 9 prose4#cfb ,mo/ ( !m h ! usual d$icatory ^w 1#cfc or ! =mula 1#cfd :ile o!rs h ! ^w #cfe & a few h no d$icatory ^w at all4#cff ,! "q arises1 !n1 :e!r ord9>y victor monum5ts 9 ! ,altis 7 votive 9 ! s5se t ^! eque/rian ones 71 or m]ely honors grant$ to ! victors4 ,! cr[n ( wild olive 0 m]ely a tempor>y rew>d suit+ ! occasion ( ! victory4 ,! privilege ( sett+ up a /atue 0 grant$ 9 ord] to p]petuate ! fame ( t occasion4 ,9 a well-kn[n passage ,pausanias makes a sweep+ g5]alization ab\t monum5ts at ,a!ns & ,olympia4#cfg ,he says t all objects on ! ,akropolis--includ+ /atues--7 or votive (f]+s1 :ile "s ( ^? at ,olympia 7 d$icat$ to ! god1 b t ! /atues ( a?letes 7 m]e prizes ( victory4 ,9 ano!r passage#cfh also1 9 di/+ui%+ ! v>i\s sorts ( monum5ts at ,olympia1 he expressly says t ! /atues ( a?letes 7 n devot$ to ,zeus1 b 7 m>ks ( honor 7 7 be/[$ on ! victors4 ,^! /atem5ts ( ! ,p]iegete h giv5 rise to a good deal ( fruitless discussion4 ,furtwa5gl] foll[s ,pausanias 9 say+ t ! "r ( sett+ up /atues 0 e9 wes5tli*] ,!il des ,siegespreises4#cfi ,t su* erections at ,olympia 7 consid]$ z high honors is impli$ by ! word+ ( _m ( ! inscriptions :i* h be5 recov]$ f ! bases ( ! /atues4 ,?us on t ( ! box] ,eu?ymos are ! words ' 4#cgj ,furtwa5gl]1 !re=e1 has promulgat$ ! !ory t ! victor /atues at ,olympia 7 9 no s5se votive1 ?\gh !y 7 consid]$ to be ! prop]ty ( ! god 9 ^: grove !y /ood4 ,he cites ! fact t ! inscrib$ bases ( su* monum5ts d[n to ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ) ! exception ( a few metrical epigrams1 make no m5tion ( d$ications1 & t 9 ^! exceptions ! ^w 0 add$ = metrical reasons1#cga :ile dur+ ! same c5turies regul> votive (f]+s 77 inv>iably h ! ^w 4#cgb ,"o inscription1 t f ! base ( ! /atue ( ,eu?ymos ( ,lokroi1 is bo? metrical & 9 prose2#cgc b x seems to h be5 *ang$ lat] 9 two places1 ! second l9e orig9ally end+ 9 a p5tamet]1 & ! ?ird l9e1 ) 1 be+ add$ aft]w>ds4#cgd ,also ! prose inscription#cge ref]r$ by ,roehl to ! /atue ( ! wre/l] ,milo is reject$ by ,ditt5b]g]4 ,! olde/ prose inscription :i* makes a votive (f]+ out ( a victor /atue at ,olympia is t ( ,?ali>*os1 :o won 8 second victory 9 box+ "s "t betwe5 #dj & #cj ,b4 ,c4#cgf ,!n foll[ c]ta9 prose inscriptions ( imp]ial times4#cgg ,ditt5b]g] concludes t = f\r hundr$ ye>s !re is no case ( su* a d$ication4#cgh ,f ! evid5ce ( ! inscriptions f /atue bases1 !re=e1 x is cle> t ! di/9ction made by ,pausanias betwe5 honor & victor /atues did n hold good 9 8 day1 s9ce ! words & 7 !n us$ on victor monum5ts at ,olympia1 z ! inscriptions ( ! imp]ial age j cit$ %[1 b t x did hold good = c5turies be=e ! ,roman p]iod4 ,pausanias mu/ h bas$ 8 /atem5t1 !re=e1 n on obs]vation1 b on ! words ( "s e>li] writ]4#cgi ,furtwa5gl]'s reason+ has be5 foll[$ pretty g5]ally by ar*ologi/s4#chj ,:ile "s1 h[ev]1 leave ! "q 9 d\bt1#cha o!rs are oppos$ to ! idea t ^! /atues 7 n votive4 ,?us ,r4 ,s*oell believes t ! victor monum5ts 7 z truly z ! olive cr[ns4#chb ,reis*1 :o has discuss$ ! "q at l5g?1#chc believes1 9 opposition to ! e>li] view ( ,furtwa5gl]1 t ev]y?+ )9 ! ,altis mu/ always ipso facto h be5 reg>d$ z d$ications to ! god4 ,?is w\ld expla9 ! frequ5t omission ( ! "n ( ! god1 :i* w\ld be sup]flu\s1 ! victor be+ cont5t ) inscrib+ 8 own "n & ! conte/ 9 :i* he 0 victori\s4 ,ev5 ! "n ( ! conte/ does n always appe>4#chd ,reis* expla9s ! omission ( ! =mula 9 e>li] inscriptions on ! gr\nd ( epigrammatic brevity4#che ,! tru? mu/ lie some:]e betwe5 ! extremes repres5t$ by ! views ( ,furtwa5gl] & ,reis*4 ,"s a?lete /atues may h be5 votive1 :ile o!rs 7 n4 ,?us ,r\se argues#chf t orig9ally all victor /atues at ,olympia 7 z truly votive z eque/rian gr\ps1 & z truly z ^? a?lete /atues cont9u$ to be1 :i* 7 d$icat$ 9 ! victors' native t[ns4 ,^? inscrib$ ) at ,olympia mu/ h be5 votive1 = we %\ld take ! d$icator at 8 ^w1 in/ead ( believ+ ! =mula to be add$ m]ely to make ! v]se scan4#chg ,!re is no reason :y an a?lete %\ld n d$icate a /atue ( himself1 repres5t+ himself z =ev] /&+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! god1 z well z a diskos or jump+-weights2 = x 0 cu/om>y to make votive (f]+s repres5tative ( ! ev5ts1 & ?is c\ld be done be/ by pres5t+ ! a?lete 9 a /atue :i* %[$ ! *>act]i/ic attitude or ! appropriate attributes4 ,r\se fur!rmore believes t a *ange 0 sl[ly wr\ght 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 by :i* ! orig9al votive (f]+ became a means ( self-glorification4 ,eque/rian victors ow$ _! victories n to !mselves1 b to _! horses1 c>s1 driv]s1 & jockeys2 9 su* cases ! gr\p 0 a ?+ ap>t f ! own]4 ,only seldom did su* victors d$icate /atues ( !mselves alone4 ,ev5 :5 ! victor add$ a /atue ( himself to ! gr\p1 /ill x 0 ! *>iot & n ! /atue :i* 0 emphasiz$4#chh ,on ! o!r h& ! ord9>y gymnic victor reli$ on himself--on 8 /r5g?1 endurance1 c\rage1 & o!r qualities2 & 9 repres5t+ ! conte/ ! victor himself _h to be repres5t$4 ,consequ5tly1 by ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 if n e>li]1 ! /atues ( a?letes _h become memorials ( p]sonal glory4 ,,miscellane\s ,,memorials ,,to ,,victors4 ,a /atue 0 n ! only memorial erect$ 9 honor ( an ,olympic victor1 ?\gh x 0 by f> ! commone/4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! bronze inscrib$ diskos d$icat$ by ! p5ta?lete ,p4 ,asklepiades 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d4#chi ,a gre5 /one leap+-weight inscrib$ ) ! "n appe>s to h be5 d$icat$ by a victor4#cij ,9 two cases /el 7 set up 9 honor ( victors4#cia ,a curi\s d$ication 0 a bronze *apel1 :i* ! ,sikyonian tyrant ,myron d$icat$ to ,apollo at ,olympia4#cib ,9 lat] days x became "p ( ! treasury ( ! ,sikyonians4#cic ,outside ,olympia v>i\s monum5ts commemorat+ ,olympic victors 7 set up4 ,^! w be discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,honor>y ,,/atues4 ,at ,olympia1 z else:]e 9 ,greece1 /atues 7 set up to m5 honoris causa4 ,su* /atues w\ld be d$icat$ by admir]s1 ei!r individuals or /ates4 ,!y 7 9 no s5se int5d$ to honor ! god1 ?\gh at ,olympia !y might be class$ z 1 j z victor /atues1 m]ely because !y 7 erect$ 9 ! sacr$ prec9ct4 ,!y 7 grant$ to individuals n z a privilege1 z victor /atues 71 b z free gifts4 ,dio ,*ryso/om gives ! diff]5ce betwe5 victor /atues--:i* he classes z --& su* honor /atues 9 ^! words3 7i4 e41 victor /atues7 ' 7victor /atues7 1 7honor /atues7 4#cid ,pl9y records t ! ,a!nians inaugurat$ ! cu/om ( a /ate sett+ up /atues 9 honor ( m5 at ! public exp5se ) ! /atues ( ! tyrannicides ,h>modios & ,ari/ogeiton by ! sculptor ,ant5or1 :i* 7 erect$ 9 #eji ,b4 ,c41 ! ye> 9 :i* ! tyrants 7 expell$4#cie ,he adds t a 8ref9$ ambition0 l$ to a univ]sal adoption ( ! cu/om & t /atues began to adorn public places ev]y:]e & lat] on ev5 private h\ses4 ,! cu/om grew apace 9 ! lat] hi/ory ( ,greece4 ,demetrios ( ,phal]on is said to h _h ov] ?ree hundr$ /atues erect$ 9 8 honor dur+ 8 %ort rgime ( ab\t a ye> 9 ,a!ns4 ,! ,diado*oi & ! ,roman emp]ors en?usia/ically took ov] ! cu/om4 ,pl9y gives sev]al ,roman examples ( x4#cif ,at ,olympia ,pausanias m5tions honor>y /atues erect$ to ?irty-five m5 = v>i\s reasons4#cig ,to sev]al ( ^! m5 m ?an "o /atue 0 erect$4#cih ,! great] numb] ( ^! /atues 7 erect$ to k+s & pr9ces1 to ^? ( ,sp>ta1#cii ,a!ns1#djj ,epeiros1#dja ,sicily1#djb ,mac$onia1 & ,alex&]'s ,empire4#djc ,"o 0 erect$ 9 honor ( ! philosoph] ,ari/otle1#djd "o 9 honor ( ! rhetorician ,gorgias ( ,leont9i1#dje "o 9 honor ( a hunt]1#djf ano!r 9 honor ( a flute-play]1#djg & _m o!rs 9 honor ( public & private m54 ,^! /atues 7 set up = v>i\s reasons4 ,ar*idamas ,,iii ( ,sp>ta _h 8 /atues erect$ to 8 memory because he 0 ! only ,sp>tan k+ :o di$ abroad & did n receive a =mal burial4 ,kylon _h a /atue erect$ by ! ,aitolians because he fre$ ! ,eleans f ! tyranny ( ,ari/otimos4#djh ,py!s ( ,abd]a 0 ?us honor$ by 8 soldi]s because ( 8 milit>y pr[ess4#dji ,philonides ( ,crete 01 z we le>n f ! recov]$ inscription on 8 /atue base1 ! c\ri] ( ,alex&] ! ,great4#daj ,py?okritos 0 honor$ = 8 flute-play+1 ?\gh he does n appe> to h be5 a victor4#daa ,! ,palaians ( ,kephall5ia honor$ ,timoptolis ( ,elis1#dab & ! ,aitolians honor$ ! ,elean ,olaidas#dac = unkn[n reasons4 ,at lea/ sev51 if n eight1 ( ^? ?us honor$ ) /atues 7 ,eleans4 ,"s ( ! m5 :o _h honor /atues 7 also victors at ,olympia1 a fact :i* w\ld appe> on ! inscrib$ base4 ,?us ,aratos1 ! son ( ,kle9ias ( ,sikyon1 ! /atesman1 _h a /atue erect$ to him by ! ,cor9?ians4 ,?is 0 d\btless an honor /atue1 ?\gh ,pausanias also says he 0 a *>iot-victor4#dad ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /atue erect$ 9 honor ( ! p5ta?lete ,/omios 0 probably a victor monum5t1 ?\gh ,pausanias says t its inscription records t he 0 an ,elean cavalry g5]al :o *all5g$ ! enemy to a duel1 9 :i* he 0 sla94#dae ,9 "s cases x is h>d to decide :e!r ! /atue is honor>y or victor 9 "*4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t honor /atues multipli$1 :ile ^? ( a?letes decreas$4 ,! recov]$ inscriptions on ! latt] decrease /eadily 9 ! f\r? & ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c41 revive aga9 9 ! second & fir/1 & decrease 9 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5tury4 ,!y cease almo/ entirely aft] ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues ,,at ,,olympia4 ,,plates #b-g ,,& ,,figures #c-h4 ,only a few insignificant remnants ( ! =e/ ( victor /atues :i* once /ood 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia 7 une>!d by ! ,g]man excavators4 ,mo/ ( ^! /atues already 9 antiquity _h be5 c>ri$ (f to ,italy1#daf :ile ^? :i* escap$ ! spoliation ( ! ,roman ma/]s ( ,greece 7 de/roy$ at ! h&s ( ! invad+ hordes ( b>b>ians 9 ! e>ly ,d>k ,ages4 ,consequ5tly only "h & !re 9 mod]n museums c isolat$ fragm5ts ( ^! orig9als be discov]$1 :i* h accid5tally surviv$ ! ravages ( "t & man4 ,9 ! almo/ complete abs5ce ( orig9als1 !re=e1 we dep5d = our k ( !m on a v>iety ( s\rces4 ,9 attempt+ to recon/ruct !m we h two ma9 s\rces ( in=mation to aid u1 ! lit]>y & ! ar*ological4 ,to ! =m] belong ! _m inscriptions f\nd on ! /atue bases recov]$ at ,olympia1 :i* conta9 ! "n & native city ( ! victor1 ! a?letic conte/ 9 :i* 8 victory 0 won1 & frequ5tly "s acc\nt ( 8 =m] a?letic hi/ory2 epigrams pres]v$ 9 ! ,greek an?ologies & else:]e1 "s ( :i* agree ) ^? inscrib$ on ! /atue bases2 m or less def9ite /atem5ts ( s*olia/s & ! classical writ]s 9 g5]al1 especially ! detail$ acc\nt ( ! monum5ts ( ,olympia conta9$ 9 ! fif? & six? books ( ! ( ,pausanias1 :o visit$ ! ,altis dur+ ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us1#dag & also ! some:at sy/ematic treatm5t ( ,greek sculptors & _! works 9 ! eld] ,pl9y's *apt]s on ! ,hi/ory ( ,art4#dah ,to ! latt] s\rce belong ! remnants ( /atues 9 bronze & m>ble f\nd at ,olympia1 z well z ! recov]$ bases1 on _m ( :i* ! extant footm>ks enable u to recov] ! pose ( ! /atues :i* =m]ly /ood ^u !m4 ,f9ally1 9 recon/ruct+ ^! a?lete /atues1 an intimate k ( ,greek sculpture 9 all its phases & p]iods is ess5tial4 ,"h1 z 9 ! g5]al /udy ( ,greek sculpture1 :]e ! de/ruction ( orig9als has be5 almo/ complete1 we are l>gely dep5d5t on ,roman copies :i* 7 execut$ by m or less skill$ workm51 *iefly = weal?y ,roman patrons ( art :o wi%$ to use !m to decorate ! public build+s1 ba?s1 palaces1 & villas ( ,rome & o!r ,italian cities4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ^! copies has evolv$ a s]ies ( gr\ps1 :i* h be5 assign$ ) m or less probability to ?is or t arti/4#dai ,repres5tations ( ! v>i\s poses ( ! a?lete /atues ( ,olympia & else:]e are f\nd also on e sort ( sculptur$ & pa9t$ works--reliefs1 vases1 co9s1 gems--:i* are1 !re=e1 valuable 9 any attempt to recon/ruct ! attitude ( a giv5 /atue4 ,tak+ into acc\nt all ^! s\rces ( k1 x has be5 possible to rea* tol]able c]ta9ty 9 recon/ruct+ ! ma9 types ( ^! victor monum5ts1 & 9 id5tify+ s*ools1 ma/]s1 & individual works4 ,?is id5tification ( a?lete /atues1 especially ^? belong+ to ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 among ! c\ntless ,roman works :i* p mod]n museums1 has already be5 a*iev$ 9 _m cases by ar*logical inve/igations4 ,! "w ( _m ma/]s ( ! ar*aic p]iod & ( ! mo/ important bronze sculptors ( ! great p]iod ( ,greek art has be5 illu/rat$ by su* ascriptions2 especially t ( ,myron1 :o repres5t$ figures 9 rhy?mic action full ( life & vigor2 ( ! eld] ,polykleitos1 :o 0 a ma/] 9 repres5t+ /&+ figures at re/ fa%ion$ accord+ to a ma!matical sy/em ( proportions2 ( ,lysippos1 :o introduc$ a new canon ( proportions 9 opposition to t ( 8 pr$ecessor ,polykleitos1 & :o inaugurat$ ! naturali/ic t5d5cy 9 ,greek art1 :i* 0 de/9$ to he c>ri$ to su* unbecom+ l5g?s 9 succe$+ c5turies4 ,! fur!r id5tification ( su* /atues1 z our k ( ! t5d5cies & traditions ( ! s*ools ( ,greek sculpture & our s\rces ( in=mation ab\t a?letic art become m & m ext5d$1 w be "o ( ! mo/ important tasks ( ! ar*ologi/ 9 ! future4 ,be=e discuss+ ! appe>ance ( individual types ( ^! monum5ts1 we %all consid] c]ta9 g5]al *>act]i/ics common to all ( !m4 ,long ago ,k4 ,o4 ,muell]#dbj summ$ up ! common features ( victor /atues 9 ^! words3 ,kurzgelocktes ,ha>1 tue*tige ,gli$]1 e9e kraeftige ,ausbildung d] ,ge/alt und v]haeltnissmaessig kle9e ,koepfe *>act]isir5 die ganze ,gattung von ,figur52 die z]s*lag55 ,ohr5 und die h]vorgetrieb55 ,muskeln insbesond]e die ,fau/kaempf] und ,pankratia/54 ,?\gh 9 ! ma9 ?is excell5t summ>y /ill holds good1 we are n[ 9 a position to correct x 9 "p & to add o!r equally *>act]i/ic features to x4 ,we %all briefly discuss1 !re=e1 9 ! light ( rec5t inve/igations1 c]ta9 ( ! *>act]i/ics common to ?is g5re ( sculpture--! mat]ial & size ( ^! /atues1 _! nudity & fa%ion ( we>+ ! hair1 _! tw(old division into iconic & aniconic1 _! proportions1 &1 la/ly1 ! assimilation ( _! appe>ance to well-kn[n types ( h]o or god4 ,,size ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,9 ano!r section#dba we %[ t ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! /atues 9 ! ,altis 7 ( bronze1 ?\gh o!r mat]ials1 /one & wood1 7 also us$ 9 "s cases4 ,z to ! size ( ^! /atues1 no h>d & fa/ rule seems to h be5 foll[$1 b we may assume f ! evid5ce at h& t !y 7 9 g5]al life-size4#dbb ,lucian w\ld h u believe t ! ,hellanodikai did n all[ victors to set up /atues l>g] ?an life4#dbc ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t !re 7 exceptions to su* a rule4 ,9 all probability ! /atue ( ,polydamas ( ,skot\ssa by ,lysippos1 :i* ,pausanias says /ood on a high p$e/al1 0 l>g] ?an life-size1 if we may conjecture f its elevat$ position & ! probable s\rce ( ,pausanias' rem>k t he 80 ! talle/ ( m51 if we except ! s-call$ h]oes & ! mortal race :i* prec$$ ! h]oes40#dbd ,! traces ( footpr9ts on ! recov]$ p$e/al ( ! /atue ( ! ,a!nian pancratia/ ,kallias by ! sculptor ,mikon %[ t ! /atue 0 l>g] ?an life-size4#dbe ,! footpr9ts on ! base ( ! /atue ( ! ,rhodian box] ,eukles by ! ,argive ,naukydes are ab\t #cc cm4 long1 & s ! /atue 0 slightly ov] life-size4#dbf ,we "k ! actual size ( at lea/ two ( ^! ,olympic /atues4 ,! s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,ol4 ,,vii1 ,argum41 on ! basis ( a fragm5t f ,ari/otle's lo/ "w on ! ,olympic victors & "o f ! little-kn[n writ] ,apollas ,ponticus1#dbg says t ! /atue ( ! ,rhodian box] ,diagoras 0 #d cubits & #e f+]s tall1#dbh i4 e41 ab\t #f feet #d4e in*es1 some:at ov] life-size4#dbi ,f ! same s*olia/ we le>n t ! /atue ( ! son ( ,diagoras1 ! pancratia/ ,damagetos1 0 #d cubits high1 or less ?an t ( ! fa!r by #e f+]s1 & consequ5tly j "u #f feet4#dcj ,! footpr9ts on ! base ( ! /atue ( ! box] ,ari/ion by ! eld] ,polykleitos are #bi cm4 long1 & s ! /atue 0 j life-size4#dca ,!re are sev]al examples ( su* life-size /atues1#dcb :ile o!rs are slightly bel[ life-size4#dcc ,! ,polykleitan /atue ( a box] 9 ,kassel is "u life-size4#dcd ,! m>ble head ( a /atue f\nd at ,olympia1 :i* we ascribe to ,phil&ridas1 ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/1 by ,lysippos1 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi7 is also "u life-size1#dce z is also t ( ! pancratia/ ,agias f\nd at ,delphi 7,pl4 #bg & ,fig4 #fh74 ,^! two are 9 h>mony ) ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,lysippos made ! heads ( 8 /atues relatively small4#dcf ,p]haps ?is /atem5t ( ,pl9y 0 ! basis ( ! op9ion ( ,muell] record$ above t 8comp>atively small heads0 *>act]ize ! :ole g5re ( victor /atues4 ,we h 9 ! prec$+ *apt] m5tion$ ! m>ble fragm5ts ( ! /atues ( boy victors1 two-fif?s to two-?irds life-size1 f\nd at ,olympia4#dcg ,! two m>ble helmet$ heads ( ! ar*aic p]iod f\nd !re1 :i* we %all lat] ascribe to hoplite victors 7,fig4 #cj71 are exactly life-size4#dch ,( ! bronze fragm5ts recov]$ at ,olympia1#dci ! head ( a box] ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7,fig4 #fa1 ,a & ,b7 is life-size1#ddj :ile ! extraord9>ily beautifully sculptur$ "r arm ascrib$ to a boy victor by ,furtwa5gl]#dda is a little "u life-size4 ,,nudity ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,mo/ ( ! victor /atues at ,olympia 7 nude4#ddb ,9 ! e>ly p]iod all a?letes wore ! lo9-clo?4 ,cretan frescoes %[ x 0 ! cu/om 9 ! e>ly ,m$it]ranean _w4 ,! a?letes ( ,hom] gird$ !mselves on ent]+ ! games ( ,patroklos1#ddc & ! girdle appe>s 9 ! e>lie/ a?letic sc5es on vases4#ddd ,?r\gh\t ! hi/oric p]iod1 h[ev]1 ! ,greeks ent]$ _! conte/s 9 complete nudity1 & ?is nudity naturally 0 c>ri$ ov] into a?letic sculpture4 ,pl9y's#dde /atem5t1 ,graeca res nihil vel>e1 is1 !re=e1 correct1 despite ano!r ( ,philo/ratos to ! effect t at ,delphi1 at ! ,i/hmus1 & ev]y:]e except at ,olympia1 ! a?lete wore ! co>se mantle4#ddf ,! beg9n+ ( ! *ange f we>+ ! lo9-clo? to complete nudity 0 ascrib$ to an accid5t4 ,! ,meg>ian runn] ,orsippos 9 ! #ae? ,ol4 7 #gbj ,b4 ,c47 dropp$ 8 lo9-clo? :ile runn+1 ei!r accid5tally or because x imp$$ him4#ddg ,! /ory 0 commemorat$ by an epigram1 p]haps by ,simonides1 :i* 0 inscrib$ on 8 tomb at ,meg>a4#ddh ,a copy ( ?is epigram 9 ! ,meg>ian dialect1 execut$ 9 late ,roman or ,byzant9e times1 :5 ! orig9al _h become illegible1 0 discov]$ at ,meg>a 9 #agfi & %[s t its orig9al 0 ! s\rce ( ,pausanias' rem>ks4#ddi ,philo/ratos says t a?letes cont5d$ nude at ,olympia1 ei!r because ( ! summ] heat or a mi%ap :i* befell ! woman ,ph]5ike ( ,rhodes4 ,%e accompani$ h] son1 ! boy box] ,peisirhodos1 to ,olympia disguis$ z a tra9]1 & 9 h] joy at 8 victory %e leap$ ov] ! b>ri] & disclos$ h] sex4#dej ,! practice does n appe> to h become univ]sal ) all a?letes 9 all ! competitions at ,olympia until "s "t aft] ,orsippos' day1 s9ce ,?ukydides says ! ab&onm5t ( ! girdle took place %ortly be=e 8 "t & t 9 8 day x 0 /ill reta9$ by c]ta9 =eign]s1 notably ,asiatics1 9 box+ & wre/l+ mat*es4#dea ,! *ange is n illu/rat$ 9 sculpture4 ,! e>lie/ victor /atues1 i4 e41 ^? ( ! 8,apollo0 type1 are all nude4 ,! nudity ( ?is type %[s an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,greek & =eign] & also betwe5 ! lat] ,greek & 8 rude ance/or4 ,plato gives ! use ( ! lo9-clo? z an example ( conv5tion1 by :i* :at seems peculi> to "o g5]ation becomes usual to ano!r4#deb ,we see ! *ange1 h[ev]1 9 vase-pa9t+s4 ,! lo9-clo? is common on sev5?-c5tury vases1 b is gradually left (f 9 lat] ones4 ,!re 7 exceptions to ! rule ( nudity4 ,/atues ( *>iote]s 7 usually p>tly or :olly dress$ 9 ! long *iton1 a cu/om expla9$ 9 v>i\s ways4#dec ,! ,delphi bronze ,*>iote] 7,fig4 #ff7 is a good example ( a drap$ "o4 ,ano!r auriga almo/ nude is %[n on a decadra*m ( ,akragas 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 dat+ f ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ded ,!re are also sev]al examples ( nude *>iote]s4#dee ,! ,olympic runn]s & a?letes g5]ally 7 also b>ehead$ & b>efoot4 ,! only exceptions 7 ! hoplite-runn]s1 :o wore helmets1 & possibly *>iote]s1 :o wore s&als4#def ,/atues ( wom5 victors also 7 drap$4 ,?\gh ,ionian wom5 c\ld witness games1#deg & ,sp>tan girls took "p 9 a?letic conte/s ) boys1#deh wom5 7 rigor\sly exclud$ f cross+ ! ,alpheios dur+ ! fe/ival at ,olympia4#dei ,!y 7 all[$1 h[ev]1 to ent] horses = ! *>iot-race &1 if victori\s1 to set up monum5ts4#dfj ,only "o woman 0 all[$ to witness ! games1 ! prie/ess ( ! old e>? cult ( ,demet] ,*amyne1 :o c\ld sit at ! alt> 9 ! /adion dur+ ! conte/s4#dfa ,pausanias notes b "o exception ( a woman infr++ ! rule ( admission1 ,ph]5ike1 ! "m ( ! ,rhodian victor ,peisirhodos already m5tion$4 ,%e 0 p>don$ because h] fa!r1 bro!rs1 & son 7 victors1 b ! umpires pass$ a law t !reaft] ev5 tra9]s %\ld be nude4#dfb ,:ile exclud$ f ! games prop]1 wom5 _h _! own fe/ival at ,olympia 9 honor ( ,h]a1 :i* 0 kn[n z ! ,h]aia4 ,^! games occurr$ e f\r ye>s#dfc & includ$ a foot-race betwe5 virg9s1 9 :i* ! c\rse 0 "o-six? less ?an ! /adion4 ,! victress receiv$ an olive cr[n & also a %>e ( ! c[ sacrific$ to ,h]a1 & 0 all[$ to set up a pa9t$ picture ( h]self 9 ! ,h]aion4#dfd ,x has be5 g5]ally assum$ t ! /atue ( a girl runn] 9 ! ,gall]ia dei ,c&elabri ( ! ,vatican repres5ts "o ( ^! victresses 7,plate #b71dfe s9ce ,pausanias says !y ran ) _! hair d[n & wore a tunic :i* rea*$ to j above ! knees1 leav+ ! "r %\ld] b>e to ! brea/4 ,t ! /atue repres5ts a girl runn] seems c]ta91#dff b t x c be ref]r$ to "o ( ! ,olympic girl victresses is d\btful4 ,! description ( ,pausanias fits x 9 _m respects1 except t ! *iton ( ! /atue is too %ort1 & he does n m5tion ! girdle j bel[ ! bosom4 ,fur!rmore1 he does n m5tion /atues ( girl victresses1 b only pictures4 ,no?+ c be argu$ f ! palm-bran* on ! tree-/ump1 except t ! ,roman copyi/ ?\ght x ! /atue ( a victress4 ,x does n necess>ily ref] to a victress at ,olympia1 = ,pausanias else:]e says t ! palm-bran* 0 giv5 at _m conte/s4#dfg ,! /atue repres5ts a "y girl lean+ =w>d await+ ! signal to />t1#dfh b x is impossible to say to :at games we %\ld ref] x4 ,!re 7 girls' conte/s 9 & out ( ,greece--su* z at ! ,dionysia 9 ,sp>ta#dfi & 9 h] colony ,kyr5e4#dgj ,su* games 7 also held 9 ! /adion ( ,domitian at ,rome4#dga ,9 fact ! ,palat9e e/ate ( ! ,b>b]9i1 f :om ! ,vatican acquir$ ! /atue1 embrac$ ! area ( ! old /adion ( ,domitian on ! ,palat9e4 ,x is probably ( ,doric workman%ip1 z x c]ta9ly repres5ts a ,dorian victress1 ?\gh n necess>ily by a ,peloponnesian sculptor4#dgb ,,! ,,a?letic ,,hair-,,fa%ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b ,m>ble ,/atue ( a ,girl ,runn]4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,! assumption long held t %ort hair 0 always *>act]i/ic ( ! a?lete is incorrect4#dgc ,x is controv]t$ equally by lit]>y evid5ce & by ! monum5ts4 ,! ,hom]ic ,greek took pride 9 8 long hair1#dgd & d\btless ! conte/ants at ! games ( ,patroklos 9 ! ,iliad _h long hair4 ,long hair 0 worn by "s ,a!nians ?r\gh\t ,a!nian hi/ory4 ,f ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 long hair 0 reg>d$ z a m>k ( effem9acy#dge & 0 regul>ly worn only by ! knights4#dgf ,%ort hair 0 worn z a sign ( m\rn+ 9 ,a!ns f e>ly days d[n4#dgg ,only ! slaves regul>ly wore v %ort hair 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#dgh ,! *ange to %ort hair 9 ,a!ns 0 c]ta9ly due to ! influ5ce ( ! pal/ra & to a?letics 9 g5]al4#dgi ,we see j ! opposite cu/om 9 vogue 9 ,sp>ta4 ,!re1 accord+ to ! code ( ,lyk\rgos1#dhj m5 7 compell$ to we> long hair & *ildr5 %ort hair4 ,?us ! h]oes ( ,leonidas ent]$ ! battle ( ,!rmopyl aft] comb+ _! long locks4#dha ,aft] ! ,p]sian w>s only *ildr5 & m5 ) laconiz+ or ari/ocratic sympa?ies#dhb wore _! hair long at ,a!ns4 ,:5 boys arriv$ at ! age ( 1 !y _h _! hair cut at ! fea/ ( ! #dhc & d$icat$ x to a god4#dhd ,soon aft] ! ,p]sian w> p]iod1 a?letes wore _! hair %ort4 ,be=e t "t1 ! we>+ ( long hair _h already be5 disc>d$ = obvi\s reasons 9 wre/l+4#dhe ,simil>ly1 9 box+ & ! pankration long hair 0 9 ! way1 & 0 !re=e e>ly braid$ into two long plaits :i* 7 w\nd ar\nd ! head 9 a peculi> way & ti$ into a knot at ! top1 ! s-call$ ,attic 1 ! (t5e/ m5tion$ mann] ( dress+ ! hair 9 ,greek lit]ature4#dhf ,! olde/ notice ( ?is /yle ( we>+ ! hair is f\nd 9 a fragm5t ( ,asios4#dhg ,h]akleides ,ponticus#dhh says x 0 us$ up to ! "t ( ! ,p]sian w>s4 ,! locus classicus is 9 ,?ukydides1 :o says x 0 worn 9 8 day by old p only4#dhi ,e>li] "y m5 wore x1#dij b x w5t out ( fa%ion betwe5 #dgj & #dfj ,b4 ,c4 ,9 ?is connection we %\ld m5tion t ! pr(essional a?lete "u ! ,roman ,empire wore 8 hair uncut & ti$ up 9 an unsightly topknot kn[n z ! cirrus4#dia ,! monum5tal evid5ce be>s out ! lit]>y4 ,?us1 on old ,cor9?ian clay tablets freem5 are repres5t$ ) long hair1 :ile slaves h %ort hair4#dib ,hydrias f ,ca]e 7,c]vet]i7 & pa9t+s f ,klazom5ai %[ t ! ,ionians wore _! hair %ort = ! fir/ "t 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! cu/om n becom+ g5]al until ! fif?4 ,old] ,sp>tan monum5ts repres5t ! hair long4#dic ,attic vases %[ long hair on m5 until ! second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 ! black-figur$ vase ma/]s began to repres5t !m ) %ort hair1 a cu/om becom+ g5]al 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fif?4 ,9 /atu>y ! ,diskobolos ( ,myron 7,pls4 #ba1 #bf1 & ,figs4 #cd1 #ce7 has %ort hair1 & mo/ /atues ( a?letes be=e x h long hair1 :ile mo/ aft] x h %ort4 ,be=e ! "t ( ! ,diskobolos1 b4-f4 & e>ly r4-f4 vase-pa9t]s (t5 repres5t$ a?letes ) braid$ hair 9 ! fa%ion ( ! w>riors on ! ,aeg9a p$im5ts4 ,:5 %ort hair began to be us$ on a?lete /atues1 ^! old] braids 7 (t5 replac$ by victor b&s4#did ,we may r\ghly summ>ize by say+ t /atues be=e ! date ( ! ,diskobolos :i* d n h long hair are probably ^? ( a?letes & n ( gods1 &1 9 any case1 if !y h braids b\nd up 9 ! fa%ion ( ! 1 !y are almo/ always /atues ( a?letes4#die ,z = %ort hair on repres5tations ( gods1 ,furtwa5gl] has %[n t x appe>s only aft] ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#dif ,prior to t date ! hair ( div9ities fell ov] ! neck & %\ld]s 9 curls1 z 9 ! /atue ( ! ,olympian ,zeus by ,pheidias4 ,by ! "t ( ,p]ikles1 h[ev]1 %ort curly hair rea*$ only to ! nape ( ! neck on /atues ( ,zeus1 & ?is /yle frequ5tly appe>s on figures ( ! god on ,attic vases ( t p]iod4 ,dionysos has %ort hair = ! fir/ "t on ! ,p>!non frieze4#dig ,furtwa5gl] has %[n t ,pheidias did n inv5t ! %ort b\nd-up hair = goddess types1 z we see x 9 ! ,lemnian ,a!na1 b t he borr[$ x f works already 9 exi/5ce4#dih ,?\gh ! /yle 0 unkn[n 9 ! ar*aic p]iod1 x appe>s on helmet$ heads ( ,a!na ( ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 %[+ ,peloponnesian /yle--on co9s1 /atuettes1 reliefs1 etc4 ,x appe>s 9 ,attic art exclusively on b>ehead$ types ( ,a!na ( ! p]iod j prior to t ( ! ,lemnia4 ,bulle#dii has gone c>efully into ! te*nique ( ! hair by diff]5t ,greek arti/s4 ,9 ar*aic times ?is 0 8e91 man d>f sag51 unmoegli*es ,problem40 ,! primitive means at ! disposal ( ! e>ly arti/ made x impossible to r5d] ! hair naturally & h5ce x 0 conv5tionaliz$4 ,two /yles arose 9 ar*aic times1 :i* endur$ ) modifications all ?r\gh ,greek art4 ,! "o 0 ! pictorial 7mal]is*71 :]e only ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! hair 0 repres5t$1 ! m]e/ necess>y pla/ic =m be+ add$4#ejj ,pa9t+ "h help$ ! %ortcom+s ( ! sculptor to "s ext5t4 ,! second /yle 0 ! pla/ic 7pla/is*71 :]e individual locks 7 attempt$4 ,! pla/ic use ( light & %ade made ! use ( color n[ less necess>y4 ,su* examples z ! ,korai ( ! ,akropolis ,museum & ! ,ramp9 head 9 ! ,l\vre %[ ! difficulty :i* ! e>ly arti/ enc\nt]$ 9 repres5t+ hair pla/ically4 ,9 ! ,ramp9 head#eja we see examples ( ?ree sorts ( pla/ic hair treatm5t3 ! pe>l-/r+ 7,p]ls*nu]re7 on ! neck1 gra9$ hair 7,ko]n]7 9 ! be>d1 & snail-volutes 7gep]lte ,s*neck57 on ! =ehead4 ,none ( ! ?ree seems to belong integrally to ! head1 b ea* appe>s to h be5 pa/$ on4 ,! pe>l-/r+ fa%ion 0 fir/ us$ 9 ! s(t poros /one & 0 only lat] successfully transf]r$ to m>ble4 ,dur+ ! sev]e /yle ( ,greek sculpture1 bo? fa%ions1 pictorial & pla/ic1 7 us$1 z we see !m 9 ! p$im5t gr\ps f ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia4 ,9 ! p]iod ( ,pheidias ! pla/ic treatm5t 0 us$ almo/ exclusively1 z we see 9 ! ,lemnian ,a!na4 ,9 ! next c5tury impressionism came 91 ?\gh ! pla/ic treatm5t /ill cont9u$1 = we see x 9 ! bronze "w ( ,lysippos & ! m>ble "w ( ,praxiteles4 ,! old pictorial treatm5t 0 reviv$ aga9 9 ! lat] ,hell5i/ic age4 ,,iconic ,,& ,,aniconic ,,/atues4 ,9 a well-kn[n passage ,pl9y says t 8! anci5ts did n make any /atue ( individuals unless !y des]v$ immortality by "s di/9ction1 orig9ally by a victory at "s sacr$ games1 especially ^? ( ,olympia1 :]e x 0 ! cu/om to d$icate /atues ( all ^? :o _h conqu]$1 & portrait /atues if !y _h conqu]$ ?ree times4 ,^! are call$ iconic40#ejb ,_m solutions ( ?is passage h be5 (f]$4 ,old] comm5tators1 z ,hirt & ,visconti1#ejc int]pret$ ,pl9y's ^w iconicas z life-size /atues4 ,s*]]1 h[ev]1 easily refut$ ?is idea & %[$ t ! adjective 1 ?\gh ambigu\s 9 its mean+1 _h no?+ to d ) size1 b ref]r$ r to an individual z oppos$ to a typical s5se 9 relation to /atu>y4 ,9 8 explanation he ref]r$ to ! words ( ,less+ 9 ! ,laokon3 es i/ das ,ideal e9es gewiss5 ,m5s*51 ni*t das ,ideal e9es ,m5s*5 ueb]haupt4#ejd ,n[adays all s*ol>s agree t ,pl9y's ^w ref]s to portrait /atues4#eje ,h[ev]1 ,pl9y's dictum ab\t ! "r ( sett+ up portrait /atues is c]ta9ly op5 to d\bt4#ejf ,x c n h be5 true ( monum5ts erect$ be=e ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 portrait /atues 7 r>e4 ,portraiture 0 a =m ( realism & 0 a product ( ! lat] p]iod ( ,greek art--especially aft] ! "t ( ,lysippos4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 we f9d "o well-atte/$ exception to ,pl9y's rule4 ,! discov]$ inscription f ! base ( a monum5t erect$ to ! horse-rac] ,x5ombrotos ( ,cos1#ejg reads 7fif? l9e73 1 4 ,^! words indubitably po9t to a portrait /atue4 ,h[ev]1 nei!r ! recov]$ epigram nor ,pausanias indicates any?+ ab\t ?is victor be+ a 1 & consequ5tly he appe>s n to h m]it$ a portrait /atue4#ejh ,pl9y's /atem5t c be expla9$ 9 _m ways3 x may be apocryphal1 or diff]5t usages may h fitt$ diff]5t p]iods2 or ! rule may h held good only = gymnic victors & n = eque/rian ones1 :i*1 be+ /rictly votive 9 "*1 may n h be5 re/rict$ to its op]ation4#eji ,,portrait ,,/atues4 ,pausanias m5tions ! monum5ts ( sev]al victors at ,olympia :o 7 entitl$ to portrait /atues on ! /r5g? ( ,pl9y's rule1 ?\gh we h no indication t !y 7 s honor$4 ,?us he m5tions ! /atues ( ,dikon1#eaj ,so/ratos1#eaa ,phil9os1#eab & ,gorgos4#eac ,! e>ly fif?-c5tury box] ,eu?ymos#ead also won ?ree victories1 b at a "t be=e we %\ld expect a portrait /atue4 ,! ,p]iegete also m5tions sev]al victors :o won ?ree or m times1 ?\gh he does n say t !y _h any /atues1 portrait or o!rwise4#eae ,p]cy ,g>dn]#eaf has %[n h[ errone\s is ! prevail+ view t ! ,greeks neglect$ portraiture 9 _! art & left x = ! ,romans to develop4 ,he %[s t ,greek arti/s ( ! ?ird & second c5turies ,b4 ,c4 left a great _m portraits ( ! highe/ arti/ic value & t portraits ( ,romans be=e ! "t ( ,augu/us1 & ! be/ ,roman examples dur+ ! ,empire1 7 made by ,greek sculptors4 ,! numb] ( ,greek portraits 9 our museums1 especially 9 ,rome1 is v great4#eag ,f ar*aic times d[n to ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 we %\ld n expect portraiture4 ,9 ! e>li] p]iod1 !re=e1 x is difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 /atues ( gods & ^? ( m54 ,9 ! great p]iod ( ,greek art1 f ! "t ( ,p]ikles on to t ( ,alex&]1 ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ,greek sculpture 0 s ideal t portraits1 :5 !y exi/$1 seem imp]sonal4 ,! lat] copyi/s ( portraits also idealiz$ !m4 ,?us ,pl9y1 9 speak+ ( ,kresilas' portrait ( ,p]ikles1 says t ?is arti/ nobiles viros nobiliores fecit--9 o!r words1 t he idealiz$ !m4#eah ,! portraits ( ,alex&] 7 especially idealiz$4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury we fir/ he> ( reali/ic portraiture4 ,?us ,demetrios1 :o fl\ri%$ #chj-cfj ,b4 ,c41#eai made a 8v beautiful0 /atue ( a ,cor9?ian g5]al nam$ ,peli*os1 :i* ,lucian#ebj says _h a fat belly1 bald head1 hair float+ 9 ! w9d1 & prom95t ve9s1 8l ! man himself40#eba ,except = ! hair ?is description by ! satiri/ seems to h be5 correct4 ,at ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 anatomical detail began to be %[n 9 sculpture4 ,l>gely "u ! influ5ce ( ,lysippos1 ! p]sonality ( victors began to be emphasiz$ 9 figure & face 9 a v reali/ic way4 ,we c di/+ui% betwe5 su* portraits ( victors be=e & aft] ! "t ( ,lysippos4#ebb ,pl9y#ebc says t ,lysi/ratos1 ! bro!r ( ,lysippos1 0 ! fir/ to obta9 portraits by mak+ a pla/] m\ld on ! features & s to r5d] lik5esses exactly1 z 8previ\s arti/s _h only tri$ to make !m z beautiful z possible40 ,9 any case1 by ! "t ( ,lysippos reali/ic portraiture began to be emphasiz$4 ,we see x at ,olympia 9 ! lat] bronze pancratia/'s head f\nd !re 7,fig4 #fa1 ,a & ,b71 & 9 a /ill m revolt+ /yle 9 ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ! ,museo delle ,t]me 7,pl4 #af1 & ,fig4 #bg74 ,! reason :y ! privilege ( erect+ portrait /atues 0 giv5 s seldom to ,olympic victors 0 probably n because x 0 a highly e/eem$ honor4 ,! real reason seems to h be5 t portraiture1 ) its t5d5cy to realism1 subord9at$ beauty to t realism & s conflict$ ) ! ,greek arti/ic ideal4 ,! ,!bans _h a law :i* =bade c>icature & comm&$ arti/s to make _! /atues m beautiful ?an ! models4 ,! ,greeks wor%ip$ beauty & hat$ ugl9ess4 ,_m games 9 ,greece 7 held 9 honor ( p]sonal beauty4 ,?us a conte/ ( manly beauty among old m5 7 7 0 a "p ( ! ,pana!naic games at ,a!ns4#ebd ,a conte/ ( beauty among wom51 orig9at+ 9 ! "t ( ,kypselos1 k+ ( ,arkadia1 0 kept up until ! "t ( ,a!nu4#ebe ,we he> ( conte/s ( beauty 9 ,elis1 at :i* ?ree prizes 7 giv51#ebf & ( simil> ones on ! isl&s ( ,t5$os & ,lesbos4#ebg ,! ,crotonian ,philippos1 :o won at ,olympia 9 an unkn[n conte/ ab\t #ebj ,b4 ,c41 0 honor$ aft] 8 dea? by ! p ( ,ege/a ) a h]on & sacrifices because ( 8 beauty4#ebh ,at ,tanagra1 9 ,botia1 ! mo/ beautiful ephebe 0 *os5 to c>ry a ram on 8 %\ld]s ar\nd ! city wall at ! fe/ival ( ,h]mes ,kriophoros4#ebi ,at ,aigion 9 ,a*aia ! mo/ beautiful boy 0 anci5tly *os5 to be prie/ ( ,zeus4#ecj ,! mo/ beautiful y\?s among ! ,sp>tans & ,cretans d$icat$ (f]+s to ,eros be=e battle4#eca ,^! & simil> examples %[ ! ,greek feel+ = beauty4 ,! repres5tation ( passion & viol5ce 0 =eign to ! _s ( ! be/ ,greek art2 x 0 r ! 8quiet gr&eur0 7,/ille ,groesse7 or 8repose10 ( :i* ,w9ckelmann made s mu*1 t 0 *>act]i/ic ( t art4 ,9 ,hom] bo? m5 & gods1 :5 w\nd$1 %riek4 ,philoktetes1 9 ! drama ( ,sophokles1 wails ?r\gh\t a :ole act1 :5 suff]+ f a gangr5$ foot4 ,) ! poets ,zeus ca/s 8 ?und]bolt 9 ang]1 b ,pheidias has him hold x quietly 9 8 h&4 ,s we c see :y portrait /atues 7 r>e at ,olympia1 :]e ! repres5tation ( manly beauty & vigor 0 ! rule4 ,!y 7 rul$ out1 n because ( _! increas+ ! honor accord$ to ! victor1 b r because !y honor$ 8 egotism4#ecb ,,aniconic ,,/atues4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce only victors :o _h won ?ree or m conte/s at ,olympia c\ld set up iconic /atues1 ! great majority ( /atues !re repres5t$ "s ideal type ( common applicability1 9 :i* !re 0 no attempt to %[ ! individual features ( ?is or t victor1 b r ! typical a?lete ( muscul> build4 ,! old] /atues 7 m]ely v>iations ( a few types :i* 7 held to be appropriate to ! purpose4 ,9 process ( "t ^! few types 9 _! treatm5t ( details gradually approa*$ tru? to nature2 ?is 0 especially *>act]i/ic ( ! ,peloponnesian s*ools1 :i* adopt$ ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos z _! norm ( proportions4 ,/atues ( victors 7 ! /ock subject ( ! closely relat$ s*ools ( ,argos & ,sikyon4#ecc ,d\btless1 z ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] says1#ecd !re exi/$ at ,olympia itself a s*ool ( subord9ate arti/s1 :o fill$ ! regul> dem& = victor /atues4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ^! /atues1 especially ^? ( ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 z we see !m 9 orig9als & 9 ,roman copies1 & read ! /hetic judgm5ts ( !m 9 ,greek writ]s1 7 real works ( art4 ,,/hetic ,,judgm5ts ,,( ,,classical ,,writ]s4 ,! lit]>y evid5ce = ,greek sculpture is1 = ! mo/ "p1 v unsatisfactory4 ,?\gh classical writ]s 7 uncritical & n fond ( analysis1 /ill !y h left u "s useful op9ions ab\t works ( sculpture & pa9t+4 ,! hi/ory & criticism ( sculpture began 9 ,greece1 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ) ! ,p]ipatetics4 ,ari/otle1 ^: obs]vations on pa9t+ & sculpture 7 slight1 did n despise ! 8mimetic0 arts z did ! ,socrates ( ,plato4#ece ,9 ! ,rhetoric#ecf he speaks ( ! beautiful bodies ( y\?s :o tra9$ z p5ta?letes1 s9ce ! v>i$ ex]cises ( ! p5ta?lon made !m s4 ,we h a simil> op9ion express$ by ,x5ophon 9 :at is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ passage 9 ,greek lit]ature on criticism ( art4#ecg ,he has ,sokrates g to ! sculptor ,kleito & complim5t him on 8 p[] ( repres5t+ diff]5t physical types produc$ by v>i\s conte/s1 not+ diff]5ces betwe5 /atues ( runn]s & wre/l]s & betwe5 ^? ( box]s & pancratia/s4 ,:5 ask$ h[ he makes /atues lifelike1 ,kleito has no answ]1 & ! philosoph] says x is by ! imitation ( real m51 i4 e41 nature4 ,he adds3 8,mu/ y n !n imitate ! ?reat5+ eyes ( ^? :o are fight+ & ! triumphant expression ( ^? :o are victori\s80 ,?\gh "s h ?\ght t ^! words ref] to portrait /atues1 :i* 7 spok5 ( z a matt] ( c\rse at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 x is m reasonable to suspect t ,sokrates 0 speak+ ( ! old] sculptors--= we may recognize ,polykleitos 9 ,kleito#ech--;& consequ5tly t he is n ref]r+ to portraiture4 ,9 ! ,symposium ( ,x5ophon#eci ,sokrates also compla9s t ! long-di/ance runn]s 77 h ?ick legs & n>r[ %\ld]s1 :ile box]s h broad %\ld]s & small legs1 & he !re=e recomm5ds danc+ z a bett] ex]cise ?an a?letics4 ,z su* diff]5ces 9 physique occur 9 vase-pa9t+s ( ! date1 b n 9 /atu>y1 ! philosoph] seems to be speak+ ( a?letics & n ( sculpture4 ,f ^! quotations ( ,ari/otle & ,x5ophon1 we ga!r t ! all-r\nd developm5t ( ! p5ta?lon made beautiful a?letes1 & ?is beauty mu/ h be5 c>ri$ ov] into _! /atues4 ,x is ess5tially ! "y man's conte/1#edj & "s ( ! p5ta?lete victors at ,olympia & else:]e 7 not$ = _! /r5g? 9 aft] life4 ,?us ,ikkos ( ,t>5tum1 :o won at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c471 0 ! be/ tea*] ( gymna/ics ( 8 day4#eda ,gorgos ( ,elis 0 ! only a?lete to w9 ! p5ta?lon f\r times at ,olympia1 besides w9n+ 9 two runn+ races4#edb ,ano!r ,elean1 ,/omios1 :o won ?ree prizes at ,olympia & ,nemea1 lat] became a lead] ( cavalry & beat 8 enemy 9 s+le combat4#edc ,! ,argive ,eurybates1 victor 9 ! p5ta?lon at ,nemea1 0 v /rong1 & lat]1 9 a battle ) ! ,aeg9etans1 kill$ ?ree oppon5ts 9 s+le combats1 b succumb$ to ! f\r?4#edd ,! ,sp>tans & ,krotonians seem to h be5 ! be/ p5ta?letes4#ede ,not$ sculptors made /atues ( ^! a?letes4#edf ,plato1 9 ! de ,leg41#edg has ! ,a!nian /rang] praise ,egyptian art because ( its /ation>y "*4 ,?is bespeaks b little arti/ic insight = ! philosoph]1 ?\gh he 0 surr\nd$ by ! wond]ful arti/ic creations ( ! end ( ! great fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,! lat] classical writ]s 7 fond ( express+ criticisms ( art4 ,?us ,pasiteles1 a ,greek sculptor liv+ 9 ,rome 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 wrote five books on celebrat$ works ( art ?r\gh\t ! _w4#edh ,! op9ions on art ( ! ,roman ,v>ro appe> 9 ! pages ( ,pl9y4#edi ,( all ! anci5t critics1 ,cic]o 0 p]haps ! mo/ sup]ficial4 ,9 a passage 9 ! ,brutus#eej he gives u 8 judgm5t ( sev]al sculptors4 ,he f9ds ! works ( ,kana*os too rigid to imitate nature tru?fully1 :ile ^? ( ,kalamis1 ?\gh s(t] ?an ^? ( ,kana*os1 are h>d2 ,myron1 ?\gh n completely fai?ful to nature1 produc$ beautiful works & ,polykleitos 0 q p]fect4 ,! mo/ tru/wor?y critic ( sculpture 9 antiquity1 on ! o!r h&1 0 c]ta9ly ,lucian1 z we see f _m ( 8 utt]ances1 especially f 8 acc\nt ( an ideal /atue1 :i* comb9$ ! highe/ excell5ces ( sev]al not$ sculptures4#eea ,8 criticism ( ,hegias1 ,kritios1 & ,nesiotes1 to ! effect t _! works 7 8concise1 s9ewy1 h>d1 & exactly /ra9$ 9 _! l9es10 might h be5 made 9 ! pres5ce ( ! gr\p ( ! ,tyrannicides 7,fig4 #cb74eeb ,un=tunately he t\*es ! subject only casually1 ?\gh he might h writt5 a f9e hi/ory ( ,greek art4 ,we mu/ also ref] to two o!r imp]ial writ]s1 ! eld] ,pl9y & ,pausanias4 ,pl9y's ab/racts on art1 ?\gh our *ief anci5t lit]>y au?ority on ,greek sculpture & pa9t+1 are nei!r critical nor tru/wor?y4 ,a c>eful analysis ( 8 *apt]s %[s t he 0 a borr[] _m times remov$1 ?\gh he seldom ackn[l$g$ x4 ,?is is excusable :5 we consid] ! cu/om ( lit]>y borr[+ 9 antiquity & also ! fact t 8 *apt]s on art =m m]ely an app5dix to 8 ,natural ,hi/ory1 be+ jo9$ on to x by a v artificial bond1 = 8 ab/ract on bronze /atu>y 7,bk4 ,,xxxiv7 is br\ght 9 m]ely to complete 8 acc\nt ( ! metals4 ,8 k ( ! old] p]iods ( ,greek art is small & 8 bias 9 favor ( ! two ,sikyonian sculptors ,lysippos & ,x5okrates is v evid5t4 ,8 wor/ mi/akes are 9 *ronology4 ,he puts ,py?agoras aft] ,myron1 & bo? aft] ,polykleitos1 :ile ,hageladas1 :o is made ! tea*] ( ,myron & ,polykleitos1 lives on to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,peloponnesian w>4 ,8 real criticism ( sculpture is se5 9 8 dictum ( ! ,laokon gr\p1 t x is a 8"w sup]ior to all ! pictures & bronzes ( ! _w40#eec ,our debt to ,pausanias1 especially = our k ( ! victor monum5ts at ,olympia1 is imm5se4 ,?is debt may be gaug$ by ! fact t he m5tions 9 8 "w _m times m /atues ?an any o!r writ] & t a l>ge portion ( ! ,s*riftquell5 ( ,ov]beck is conc]n$ ) him4 ,h[ev]1 he %[s little real und]/&+ = art4 ,8 int]e/ 9 /atues is conf9$ almo/ entirely to ^? :i* are not$ = _! antiquity or sanctity1 & 8 acc\nt ( !m is usually ! pivot ar\nd :i* he sp9s religi\s or my?ological /ories4 ,?r\gh\t 8 "w 8 *ief int]e/ is religi\s2 8 int]e/ 9 art = its own sake is v small4 ,he devotes _m pages to ! ?rone ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 & describes ! temple sculptures m]ely because ! /atue ( ,zeus is )94 ,8 detail$ acc\nt ( ! a?lete /atues 9 ! ,altis is made *iefly because ( 8 religi\s & antiqu>ian int]e/4 ,?\gh imitat+ ! /yle ( ,h]odotos1 he does x badly1 s t 8 book is )\t mu* *>m4 ,9 conclud+ ?is r\gh e/imate ( ! anci5t criticism ( art1 we might m5tion ! fragm5t>y in=mation to be ga!r$ f _m o!r writ]s1 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 ,qu9tilian1#eed ,plut>*1 & o!rs1 ^: names occur frequ5tly 9 ! footnotes4 ,all su* ref]5ces to works ( art 9 anci5t writ]s are conv5i5tly collect$ 9 ! great compilation ( ,ov]beck s (t5 quot$4#eee ,z = /hetic judgm5ts ( ! /atues ( victors at ,olympia we h a few direct h9ts f diff]5t writ]s4 ,! epigram f ! base ( ! /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,!ognetos by ,ptoli*os ( ,aeg9a reads 9 "p3 1 ' 4#eef ,pl9y says ( ! sculptor ,mikon1 :o made ! /atue ( ! ,a!nian pancratia/ ,kallias3 ,micon a?letis spectatur4#eeg ,! same writ] says ( ! horses ( ,kalamis3 equis s9e aemulo expressis4#eeh ,kalamis ) ,onatas ( ,aeg9a made a *>iot-gr\p = ! ,syracusan k+ ,hi]o4#eei ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ ! /atue ( ! box] ,eu?ymos by ,py?agoras1 says t x is 4#efj ,9 m5tion+ ! /atue by ! same sculptor ( ! wre/l] ,leontiskos1 he says3 4#efa ,( ! ,argive sculptor ,naukydes he says1 :5 speak+ ( ! /atue ( ! wre/l] ,*eimon1 t x is among ! f9e/ works ( t arti/4#efb ,9 ano!r passage1 9 :i* he describes ! d$ication ( ,phormis at ,olympia1 he speaks ( an ugly horse1 :i*1 besides be+ small] ?an o!r sculptur$ horses 9 ! ,altis1 has 8its tail cut (f1 & ?is makes x /ill ugli]40#efc ,h[ev]1 "h he is n s mu* int]e/$ 9 its lack ( beauty z 9 ! curi\s fact :i* he adds1 t despite its ugl9ess ?is bronze m>e attract$ /allions4 ,,greek ,,orig9als ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c ,bronze ,head ( an ,olympic ,victor4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 dep5d5t ^u su* meagre scraps ( evid5ce f classical writ]s1 nor ^u conte/$ ,roman copies1#efd = an idea ( ! workman%ip ( "s ( ! ,olympic victor /atues4 ,we c judge x 9 no unc]ta9 way by ! few orig9als f\nd at ,olympia & by o!rs :i* are to be f\nd 9 ,european museums4 ,z an example ( ! =m] we h only to recall ! life-size bronze be>d$ head ( a box] or pancratia/ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,a!ns#efe 7,fig4 #fa1 ,a & ,b74 ,its only decoration1 an olive cr[n ^: leaves h disappe>$1 proves x to be f ! /atue ( a victor1 & its wild locks1 brutal look1 flatt5$ nose1 & wide m\? repres5t a naturali/ic /udy ( ! utmo/ /r5g? & f95ess1 :i* c\ld only h be5 produc$ aft] ! "t ( ,lysippos4 ,we %all discuss ?is rem>kable head m fully 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,z examples ( orig9al victor monum5ts 9 ,european museums we %all m5tion ?ree4 ,! bronze head ( a box] 9 ! ,glypto!k at ,muni* 7,pl4 #c7 is an orig9al ( ! fir/ rank4#eff ,x is f a /atue f\nd ne> ,naples 9 #agcj1 :i* 0 lat] de/roy$1 & x probably repres5ts ! head ( a boy ( ab\t twelve ye>s1 a victor 9 box+1 to judge f ! victor b& 9 ! hair & ! fact t ! visible "p ( ! "r e> is swoll54 ,l ! head ( ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos 7,figs4 #bh1 #bi7 ?is beautiful head exemplifies fully ! 8e?ical grace0 or mode/y#efg s *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ ,greek art1 & x c]ta9ly m]its ,furtwa5gl]'s praise ( be+ ! 8mo/ preci\s treasure ( ! ,glypto!k40#efh ,ano!r head1 f\nd 9 ,b5ev5tum & n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #c7efi is a spl5did ,greek orig9al ( ! la/ decade ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 &1 z ,mrs4 ,/rong says1 %\ld ar\se 9 u a s5se ( :at preci\s relics may /ill lie hidd5 9 our museums4#egj ,! victor fillet 9 ! hair1 consi/+ ( two sprays ( :at seems to be wild olive 7remnants ( :i* appe> 9 front71 %[s t ! /atue mu/ once h ornam5t$ ! ,altis4 ,l ! "o 9 ,muni*1 ?is head %[s ,polykleitan inspiration temp]$ by ,attic influ5ce4#ega ,la/ly1 ! bronze head ( a y\? f ! tabl9um1 ( ! s-call$ villa ( ! ,pisos at ,h]culaneum1 n[ 9 ,naples1#egb is1 to judge f its te*nique1 an excell5t orig9al ,greek "w 7,fig4 #d74 ,"h aga9 ! hair fillet %[s x is f a victor /atue1 ?\gh its prov5i5ce f ,olympia c n be e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,bronze ,head ( an ,olympic ,victor1 f ,b5ev5tum4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,su* beautiful works ( art z ^! la/ %[ ! influ5ce :i* ! great a?letic fe/ivals1 & especially ! ,olympian1 ex]t$ on ! developm5t ( ,greek sculpture4 ,9 ! gymna/ic tra9+ c>ri$ on 9 ! gymnasium & pal/ra1 :i* culm9at$ 9 ^! fe/ivals1 ! ,greek sculptor f\nd an unrival$ opportunity to /udy ! nak$ human figure 9 its be/ muscul> developm5t & 9 e pose4 ,9 fact1 we may say ) ,furtwa5gl] t )\t a?letics ,greek art w\ld be inconceivable4#egc ,to quote f ano!r "w ( ! same s*ol>3 8,! gymna/ically tra9$ bodies ( ^! slim boys & y\?s & vigor\s m5 are evid5ce ( ! ennobl+ effect ( a?letics4 ,pres5t$ 9 complete nudity !y are n fai?ful portraits f life1 b motives or models f ! pal/ra trans=m$ & exalt$ to ! highe/ ideal ( physical beauty & /r5g?4 ,!y are ! mo/ spl5did human be+s t ! art ( any p]iod has creat$40#egd ,,canons ,,( ,,proportion4 ,9 attempt+ to id5tify a giv5 /atue z ! copy ( a "w by ?is or t ma/]1 c]ta9 well-kn[n canons ( proportion1 :i* 7 taught & practic$ by v>i\s ,greek sculptors & s*ools1 mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,bronze ,head ( an ,olympic ,victor1 f ,h]culaneum4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,greek art may1 l ,greek philosophy & poetry1 be summ>iz$ "u ! names ( ?ree qualities :i* con/antly occur 9 classical lit]ature--1 or 1 & 4#ege ,symmetry may be def9$ z 8t te*nical reg>d = ! plac+ ( ! p>ts to ! be/ advantage10 ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( ! p>ts ( a /atue or gr\p ( figures4#egf ,rhy?m1 foll[+ ,vitruvius1#egg is t t]tium quid :i* is indisp5sable to true art4 ,analogy 7,lat9 proportio7#egh ref]s to ! measur$ ratio ( "p to "p 9 any giv5 "w ( art1 :e!r 9 ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 or sculpture4 ,mo/ s*ol>s n[adays int]pret symmetry & analogy z ! same ?+4 ,pl9y#egi says t symmetria has no ,lat9 equival5t1 & 9 sev]al passages#ehj keeps ! ,greek ^w1 z does ,vitruvius4 ,"h ,otto ,jahn rightly says proportio or comm5sus w\ld h adequately translat$ x4#eha ,p4 ,g>dn] expla9s ! ^w prop]ly z 8! proportion ( "o "p ( ! body z measur$ aga9/ ano!r40#ehb ,brunn held t1 z symmetry 0 ! relation ( "p to "p 9 a /atue at re/1 rhy?m express$ ?is relation%ip 9 "o repres5t$ 9 motion4#ehc ,! simple/ illu/ration ( rhy?m is se5 9 walk+3 :5 ! "r foot is advanc$ ! left arm sw+s out 9 rhy?m1 & s ! balance ( ! body is kept4 ,rhy?m1 !re=e1 has to d ) balance 9 motion1 & may ref] equally to cad5ce 9 poetry & music & to movem5t 9 sculpture4 ,an excell5t example 9 sculpture is af=d$ by ,myron's ,diskobolos 7,pls4 #ba1 #bb1 & ,figs4 #cd1 #ce71 :ile ! balanc+ ( figures on _m ,greek reliefs--especially on ,attic fun]>y /el--illu/rates symmetry 7cf4 ,fig4 #ge74 ,pl9y *>act]izes c]ta9 arti/s by _! success 9 effect+ symmetry & rhy?m4 ,?us ,myron surpass$ ,polykleitos 9 be+ m rhy?mic & 9 pay+ m att5tion to symmetry4#ehd ,he says t ,lysippos mo/ dilig5tly pres]v$ symmetry by br++ un?\ght-( innovations into ! squ>e canon ( e>li] arti/s4#ehe ,p>rhasios 0 ! fir/ to introduce symmetry into pa9t+4#ehf ,diog5es ,la]tios says t ! sculptor ,py?agoras 0 ! fir/ to aim at rhy?m z well z symmetry4#ehg ,9 all su* passages x is cle> t canons ( proportion are meant4 ,! doctr9e ( human proportions is v anci5t1 orig9at+ 9 ,egyptian art4#ehh ,x appe>s e>ly 9 ,greek ar*itecture 9 ! proportions ( columns & o!r memb]s ( a temple1#ehi & x 0 soon transf]r$ to sculpture4 ,z ,greek sculpture evolv$ on traditional l9es1#eij we %\ld assume t x paid att5tion to ! doctr9e ( proportions 9 ! human figure1 bas$ on num]ical ratios1 & t su* a doctr9e w\ld v>y f age to age 9 ! v>i\s s*ools ( sculpture4 ,su* an assumption is borne out by bo? lit]>y & ar*ological evid5ce4 ,t[>d ! end ( ,hell5ism _m writ]s ref] to j su* a measur$ basis ( proportion 9 ,greek art4#eia ,ar*ologi/s h %[n by ! c>eful /udy ( multitudes ( /atues t su* proportions exi/ 9 ,greek sculpture4 ,?us ,a4 ,kalkmann#eib has prov$ t !re are sets ( ratios 9 ! treatm5t ( ! face us$ by successive s*ools ( sculpture1 :i* 7 canonical1 :e!r =mulat$ or n4 ,g4 ,frits*#eic has done = ! :ole body :at ,kalkman has done = ! face4 ,9 fact1 an?ropometry 9 relation to ,greek sculpture has n[ become an exact sci5ce4#eid ,! greate/ arti/s--ar*itects1 pa9t]s1 & sculptors--( all times h taught & practis$ ! doctr9e t c]ta9 proportions are beautiful1 e4 g41 ! proportion ( ! height ( ! head or ! l5g? ( ! foot to ! :ole body1 or ! l5g? ( p>ts ( ! head or body to o!r p>ts4 ,9 mod]n times we h only to m5tion su* names z ^? ( da ,v9ci1 ,du]]1 ,raphael ,m5gs1 & ,flaxman4#eie ,9 ,greek days !re 7 _m arti/s :o =mulat$ su* canons ( proportions4 ,greek sculptors foll[$ ratios ( proportions s closely t we h /atues ( v>i\s s*ools1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by fix$ proportions ( p>ts1 su* z ! ,old ,attic1 ,old ,argive1 ,polykleitan1 ,argive-,sikyonian or ,lysippan1 etc4 ,"s ( ^! s*ools us$ ! foot z ! common measure1 :ile o!rs us$ ! palm1 f+]1 or o!r memb]4#eif ,! e>lie/ works on ,greek art 7 treatises1 n[ lo/1 by arti/s 9 :i* !y work$ out _! !ories ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! proportions ( ! human figure4#eig ,we %all briefly consid] a few ( ^! canons1 toge!r ) ! usual pose ( body :i* con=m$ ) !m4 ,! e>lie/ ,peloponnesian canon1 :i* we c analyze1 0 t foll[$ by ,hageladas ( ,argos & 8 s*ool1 a canon :i* 0 /ill us$ 9 ! ,polykleitan circle4 ,"h ! weight ( ! body re/$ ^u ! left leg1 :ile ! "r "o 0 slightly b5t at ! knee1 its foot re/+ flat on ! gr\nd2 ! "r arm hung by ! side & ! left 0 usually 9 action1 & ! head 0 slightly incl9$ to ! left side2 ! %\ld]s 7 extraord9>ily broad 9 comp>ison ) ! hips1 ! "r "o be+ slightly rais$4 ,^! qualities produc$ a %ort /ocky figure1 firmly plac$4#eih ,9 ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,polykleitos work$ out a !ory ( proportions 9 ! =m ( a comm5t>y on 8 fam\s /atue kn[n z ! ,doryphoros4 ,?is canon 0 *>act]iz$ by squ>5ess & massiv5ess ( build4 ,! weight ( ! body g5]ally re/$ on ! "r foot1 :ile ! left 0 drawn back1 its foot t\*+ ! gr\nd ) ! ball only4 ,sometimes ?is pose 0 rev]s$1 ! left foot c>ry+ ! body-weight1 z 9 ! ?ree bases ( /atues by ! ma/] f\nd at ,olympia 7i4 e41 ^? ( ! a?letes ,py?okles1 ,ari/ion1 & ,kyniskos1 to be discuss$ lat]71 & 9 ! works ( "s ( 8 pupils1 notably 9 ^? ( ,naukydes1 ,daidalos1 & ,kleon4#eii ,euphranor1 :o fl\ri%$1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 9 ,ol4 #ajd 7 #cfd-cfa ,b4 ,c471 & wrote works on symmetry & color1 0 ! 8fir/0 to ma/] ! !ory ( symmetry4#fjj ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 f\nd 8 bodies too sl5d] & 8 heads & limbs too l>ge1 a criticism ( 8 pa9t+ :i* mu/ h be5 equally applicable to 8 sculpture4 ,8 canon did n make mu* headway1 z ! majority ( sculptors 9 8 c5tury 7 /ill "u ! dom9ation ( ! canon ( ,polykleitos4 ,x 0 left = ,lysippos1 9 ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 f9ally to break ?is dom9ation ( ! great fif?-c5tury sculptor4 ,pl9y quotes ,d\ris z say+ t he 0 ! pupil ( no man1 & t because ( ! advice ( ! pa9t] ,eupompos he 0 a foll[] ( nature--:i* appe>s to be a cut at ! s*ools :i* me*anically foll[$ fix$ rules4#fja ,8 /atues _h small] heads1 & m sl5d] & less fle%y limbs1 ?an ^? ( 8 pr$ecessors1 9 ord] t ! app>5t height ( ! figure might be increas$4#fjb ,:ile ,polykleitos made 8 heads "o-sev5? ( ! total height ( ! /atue1 ,lysippos made 8 "o-eigh?--if ?is *ange may be se5 9 ! ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #bh71 :i* is c]ta9ly a "w ( 8 s*ool1 if n ( ! ma/] himself4 ,pl9y fur!r records 8 say+ t :ile 8 pr$ecessors repres5t$ m5 z !y 71 ,lysippos repres5t$ !m z !y appe>$ to be4 ,?is means t ,pl9y reg>d$ him z ! fir/ impressioni/ic arti/4#fjc ,pl9y m5tions o!r arti/s :o wrote on art1 & x is probable t !ories ( proportions =m$ ! ma9 elem5t ( su* works4#fjd ,! be/ example ( symmetry1 i4 e41 ( ! ratio ( proportions1 9 ,greek sculpture is af=d$ by ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 :i* ,pl9y says 0 call$ ! ,canon1 & he adds t ?is sculptor 0 ! only "o :o embodi$ 8 art 9 a s+le "w4#fje ,! id5tity ( ! canon ) ?is /atue seems to be atte/$ by ! anecdote told ( ,lysippos t ! ,doryphoros 0 8 ma/]1#fjf & by ,qu9tilian's /atem5t t sculptors took x z a model4#fjg ,! be/-pres]v$ copy ( ! ,doryphoros1 despite its r lifeless "*1 is ! "o discov]$ 9 ,pompeii & n[ 9 ,naples 7,pl4 #d74fjh ,z o!r late ,roman copies d n con=m to ! id5tical proportions ( ?is copy1 x is p]haps difficult to say exactly :at ! canon ( ,polykleitos 04 ,possibly ! orig9al1 if x _h be5 pres]v$1 w\ld also /rike u z some:at lifeless2 b we mu/ rememb] t ! /atue 0 made m]ely to illu/rate a !ory ( proportions4 ,! dim5sions ( ! ,naples /atue are kn[n f v c>eful measurem5ts & ! proportions agree ) ^? giv5 9 ! description by ,gal5 to be m5tion$4 ,x is almo/ exactly #b met]s1 or #f feet #h in*es1 high4#fji ,! l5g? ( ! foot is #j4cc met]1 or "o-six? ( ! total height1 :ile ! l5g? ( ! face is #j4bj met]1 or "o-t5? ( ! height4 ,e4 ,guillaume#faj has made a c>eful analysis ( x 9 ref]5ce to ,gal5's#faa /atem5t t ,*rysippos f\nd beauty 9 ! proportion ( ! p>ts1 8( f+] to f+]1 & ( all ! f+]s to ! palm & wri/1 & ( ^! to ! =e>m1 & ( ! =e>m to ! upp] arm1 & ( all ! p>ts to ea* o!r1 z !y are set =? 9 ! canon ( ,polykleitos40 ,he has f\nd t ! palm1 i4 e41 ! bread? ( ! h& at ! base ( ! f+]s1 is a common measure ( ! proportions ( ! body4 ,?is palm is "o-?ird ! l5g? ( ! foot1 "o-six? t ( ! l[] leg1 "o-six? t ( ! ?igh1 & "o-six? t ( ! di/ance f ! navel to ! e>1 etc4 ,su* a rem>kable correspond5ce 9 measurem5ts w\ld seem to %[1 if we _h no o!r pro(s1 t ! ,naples /atue reproduces ! canon ( ,polykleitos m closely ?an any o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d ,/atue ( ! ,doryphoros1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,a good example ( asymmetry is af=d$ by ! s-call$ ,sp9>io ( ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori 9 ,rome#fab 7,fig4 #dj74 ,?is ju/ly priz$ /atue %[s m asymmetry1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r d[n to its date--j be=e ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,?\gh its composition is su* t !re is no vantage-po9t f :i* x =ms a h>moni\s :ole1 /ill its effect on ! behold] is f> f displeas+4 ,su* a creation %[s t a ,greek arti/1 ev5 )\t pay+ att5tion to ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( p>ts1 c\ld at times produce an attractive piece ( sculpture4 ,,assimilation ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,/atues ,,to ,,types ,,( ,,gods ,,& ,,h]oes4 ,s9ce ,greek art 9 ! ma9 0 ideali/ic1 we %\ld n be surpris$ to discov] 9 a?letic sculpture a t5d5cy t[>d assimilat+ victor /atues to well-kn[n types ( gods or h]oes1 especially to ^? ( ,h]mes1 ,apollo1 & ,h]akles1 :o presid$ ov] conte/s or gymnasia & pal/r4 ,?is ph5om5on is only a fur!r example ( ! extraord9>y1 almo/ sup]human1 honors :i* 7 paid to victors at ! great games4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( suffici5t means ( id5tification1 x is (t5 v difficult to di/+ui% ) c]ta9ty betwe5 /atues ( victors & ^? ( ! gods & h]oes to :om !y 7 assimilat$4 ,?is difficulty1 z we %all see1 is especially obs]vable 9 ! case ( ,h]akles4 ,ev5 lat] antiquity recogniz$ t /atues ( a?letes 7 sometimes confus$ ) ^? ( h]oes1 j z ^? ( h]oes 7 ) ^? ( gods1 z we le>n f a passage 9 ,dio ,*ryso/om's oration on ,rhodian affairs4#fac ,?is difficulty is "o ( ! mo/ p]plex+ problems t /ill face ! /ud5t ( ,greek sculpture4 ,x 0 n an uncommon cu/om 9 ,greece to h]oize 9 ?is way an ord9>y dead man4#fad ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ in/ances ( ?is cu/om is af=d$ by ! s-call$ ,h]mes ( ,&ros1 a /atue f\nd 9 a grave-*amb] on ! isl& 9 #ahcc & n[ 9 ,a!ns#fae 7,pl4 #e74 ,x has be5 a matt] ( dispute among ar*ologi/s :e!r ?is /atue repres5ts ! god ,h]mes or a mortal 9 8 guise4 ,al?\gh ,/as#faf looks on x z un problme peut-tre jamais insoluble1 !re seems little reason = d\bt+ t x repres5ts a defunct mortal4 ,its place ( f9d+ 9 a tomb along ) ! /atue ( a woman ( ! ,muse type1 :i* probably repres5ts ! man's consort1#fag ! pres5ce ( a snake on ! adjac5t tree trunk1 ! abs5ce ( s&als & k]ykeion1 & ! portrait--l features--all po9t to ! conclusion t a man & n a god is repres5t$4 ,! d[nca/1 almo/ melan*oly1 look seems also to make x a fun]eal figure4 ,! p[]ful proportions ( a p]fectly develop$ a?lete1 display+ no t5d5cy t[>d ! repres5tation ( brute =ce1 %[ t ! man is idealiz$ into ! type ( ,h]mes1 ! god ( ! pal/ra1 r ?an into ! light-w+$ mess5g] ( ,olympos4 ,! ,belv$]e ,h]mes ( ! ,vatican1#fah & a bett] "o kn[n z ! ,f>nese ,h]mes ( ! ,briti% ,museum1#fai are notewor?y replicas ( ! type4 ,! latt] c>ries ! k]ykeion 9 ! left h& & we>s s&als1 ) a small *lamys ov] ! left arm & %\ld]4 ,^! attributes %[ t ,h]mes 0 int5d$ 9 ?is copy4 ,probably ! orig9al ( ^! v>i\s replicas1 a "w dat+ f ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & ascrib$ to ,praxiteles or 8 s*ool 9 consequ5ce ( simil>ity 9 pose & build ( body & head to ! ,h]mes ( ,olympia1 0 int5d$ to repres5t ,h]mes4 ,9 ! "o f ,&ros1 at lea/1 ! copyi/ int5d$ to h]oize a mortal "u ! type ( ! god4 ,simil>ly1 ! /atue kn[n z ! ,/&+ ,h]mes 9 ! ,gall]ia delle ,/atue ( ! ,vatican1#fbj :i* has ! k]ykeion & *lamys1 :e!r its orig9al repres5t$ ,h]mes1 h]o or mortal1 has be5 made by ! copyi/ to repres5t ,h]mes1 ! god ( a?letics1 z ! late attribute ( w+s 9 ! hair proves4 ,o!r examples ( dead m5 repres5t$ z ,h]mes are n uncommon4 ,?us a ,greek grave-/ele 9 ,v]ona#fba %[s ! dead portray$ z a w+$ ,h]mes1 & a simil> figure appe>s on a /ele f ,tanagra4#fbb ,! s-call$ ,commodus 9 ,mantua#fbc is int]pret$ by ,conze & ,duets*ke z ! figure ( a dead y\? 9 ,h]mes' guise4 ,b ?is cu/om ( repres5t+ defunct mortals z gods 0 less common 9 ,roman art4 ,! bu/ ( a dead y\? on a ,roman grave-/one 9 ,tur91#fbd set up 9 honor ( ,l4 ,mussius1 is a good example4 ,"h ! cock1 %eep1 & k]ykeion1 symbols ( ! god1 %[ t ! y\? is repres5t$ z ,h]mes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e ,/atue ( ,h]mes1 f ,&ros4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,bronze ,portrait-/atue ( a ,hell5i/ic ,pr9ce4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,n only dead m51 h[ev]1 7 h]oiz$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,x 0 n an uncommon practice 9 lat] ,greece = liv+ m51 especially pr9ces1 to h _! /atues assimilat$ to types ( gods & h]oes1 a practice :i* 0 v common 9 imp]ial ,rome4#fbe ,?us _m ( ! ,hell5i/ic pr9ces 7 pleas$ to h _! /atues assimilat$ to ^? ( ! h]oic ,alex&]4 ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( ?is process is furni%$ by ! orig9al bronze portrait /atue ( su* a pr9ce1 :i* 0 une>!d 9 ,rome 9 #ahhd & is n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me !re 7,fig4 #e74fbf ,x has be5 id5tifi$ z ! portrait ( sev]al k+s ( ,mac$on & else:]e1#fbg b ! simil>ity ( ! head ( ! /atue to heads portray$ on ,mac$onian co9s is only sup]ficial4#fbh ,all t we c say is t ?is beautiful "w1 repres5t+ ! pr9ce 9 ! h]oic guise ( a nude a?lete ( ab\t ?irty ye>s1 belongs to ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! epo* foll[+ ,lysippos4 ,! sculptor1 wi%+ to comb9e ! ideal ) ! real1 appe>s to h copi$ ! motive directly f a bronze /atue by ,lysippos1 :i* repres5t$ ,alex&] lean+ ) 8 left h& high on a /aff4#fbi ,! pose also recalls t ( ! ?ird-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 /atue ( ,poseidon f\nd on ,melos & n[ 9 ,a!ns4#fcj ,! free leg1 body1 & head model+ correspond s ne>ly ) ! ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #bh7 t x 0 at fir/ call$ a "w ( ,lysippos1 b its lack ( repose#fca %[s t x mu/ be a cont9uation ( ! "w ( t sculptor by "s pupil1 :o wi%$ to outdo 8 ma/] 9 bo? =m & expression4 ,be=e discuss+ ! subject ( ! assimilation ( victor /atues to types ( god & h]o1 we mu/ make x cle> t (t51 = c]ta9 reasons1 /atues ( a?letes 7 lat] conv]t$ into ^? ( gods1 & vice v]sa4 ,su* examples ( metamorphos+ /atues h no?+ to d ) ! process ( assimilation "u discussion4 ,a few examples w make ?is cle>4 ,an ar*aic bronze /atuette f ,naxos1#fcb reproduc+ ! type ( ! ,philesian ,apollo ( ,kana*os1 s9ce x has ! same position ( h&s z 9 ! orig9al1 z we see x lat] reproduc$ on co9s ( ,miletos & 9 o!r copies1#fcc holds an aryballos 9 ! "r h& in/ead ( a fawn4 ,z x is absurd to repres5t ,apollo ) ! b[ 9 "o h& & an oil-flask 9 ! o!r1 x seems cle> t 9 ?is /atuette ! copyi/ has conv]t$ a well-kn[n ,apollo into an a?lete by addition ( an a?letic attribute4 ,fam\s /atues 7 put to _m diff]5t uses by lat] copyi/s4 ,?us ,furtwa5gl] has %[n t ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,kyniskos by ,polykleitos at ,olympia1#fcd :i* repres5t$ ! a?lete cr[n+ himself1 0 modifi$ to repres5t v>i\s deities1 h]oes1 etc4 ,?us a copy f ,eleusis ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 because ( its prov5i5ce & ! s(t l9es ( ! face1 sugge/s a div9ity1 p]haps ,triptolemos4#fce ,a copy ( ! same type 9 ! ,villa ,albani 7no4 #bbb7 has an antique piece ( a bo>'s head on ! ne>by tree-/ump &1 consequ5tly1 may repres5t ,adonis or ,meleag]4 ,a torso 9 ! ,museo ,torlonia 7no4 #bb7 repres5ts ,dionysos1 ano!r 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me has a mantle & caduceus & s repres5ts ,h]mes1 :ile on co9s ( ,commodus ! same figure1 ) ! lion's sk9 & club1 repres5ts ,h]akles4#fcf ,no anci5t /atue 0 us$ m ext5sively z a model = o!r types ?an ! fam\s ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos4 ,furtwa5gl]#fcg has collect$ a long li/ ( lat] conv]sions ( ?is "w into /atues bo? m>ble & bronze1 /atuettes1 reliefs1 etc41 repres5t+ ,pan1 ,ares1 ,h]mes1 & 9 "o case an ord9>y mortal4#fch ,o!r examples ( ! conv]sion ( /atues w be giv5 9 our treatm5t ( assimilation4 ,,a?lete ,,/atues ,,assimilat$ ,,to ,,types ,,( ,,h]mes4 ,h]mes 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal or 1 i4 e41 gods :o presid$ ov] conte/s1 or :o 7 ov]se]s ( gymnasia & pal/r1 or 7 tea*]s ( gymna/ics 774#fci ,greek writ]s (t5 m5tion ^! a?letic gods4 ,?us ,ais*ylos#fdj (t5 uses ! t]m1 n 9 ! s5se ( 1 8! great assembl$ gods10 7 71#fda b 9 ! s5se ( gods :o presid$ ov] conte/s4#fdb ,?is is evid5t f ! fact t ,zeus1 ,apollo1 ,poseidon1 & ,h]mes are ! gods especially m5tion$ by ,ais*ylos 9 ?is s5se1 & ! fir/ ?ree correspond ) ! ,olympian & ,nemean games 7,zeus71 ! ,py?ian 7,apollo71 & ! ,i/hmian 7,poseidon71 :ile ,h]mes is conc]n$ 9 !m all4 ,?us ! epi!t 1 9 ! ,agamemnon ( ,ais*ylos ref]s to ,zeus1#fdc ,apollo1#fdd & ,h]mes4#fde ,if ! ^w ref]r$ to ! twelve great] gods1 z "s h ?\ght1 o!r deities m important ?an ,h]mes w\ld h be5 includ$4 ,else:]e ! ^w always ref]s to conte/s4#fdf ,h]mes 0 wor%ipp$ at ,a!ns & else:]e z a god ( conte/s4#fdg ,! agoni/ic "* ( ?is god is %[n by ! fact t /atues & alt>s 7 erect$ to him all ov] ,greece4#fdh ,he 0 sometimes c\pl$ ) ,h]akles z ! protector ( conte/s1#fdi & ! images ( ! two (t5 /ood 9 gymnasia4#fej ,a fragm5t>y votive relief ( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d4 is inscrib$ ) a d$ication to bo? by a c]ta9 ,hor>ios1 victor 9 tor*-rac+4#fea ,a!nian ephebes made (f]+s to ,h]mes1#feb & to ,h]mes & ,h]akles 9 common1 aft] _! tra9+ 0 ov]4 ,?us ,dorykleides ( ,!ra1 a victor 9 box+ & ! pankration at unkn[n games1 d$icat$ a ?ank-(f]+ to ! two4#fec ,h]mes 0 e>ly ! god ( y\?ful life & sports1 especially ^? ( ! pal/ra4 ,he is said to h f\nd$ wre/l+#fed & inaugurat$ ! sports ( ! pal/ra4#fee ,pausanias m5tions a ,gymnasion ( ,h]mes at ,a!ns#fef & an alt> ( ,h]mes toge!r ) "o ( ,opportunity 77 at ! entrance to ! ,/adion at ,olympia4#feg ,he says t ! p ( ,ph5eus 9 ,arkadia held games 9 8 honor call$ ! ,h]maia1#feh & he records ! defeat ( ! god by ,apollo 9 runn+4#fei ,) su* an a?letic record !re is little wond] t ! ,greek sculptor w\ld (t5 take 8 ideal ( ,h]mes f ! god ( ! pal/ra & gymnasium1 repres5t+ him z an a?letic y\? h>moni\sly develop$ by gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,x 0 b natural t a victor at ,olympia or else:]e %\ld wi% to h 8 /atue--:i* r>ely c\ld be a portrait--con=m ) t a?letic type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f ,/atue ( ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 aft] ,naukydes 7874 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,an excell5t in/ance ( ?is t5d5cy seems to be af=d$ by ! s-call$ ,/&+ ,diskobolos 9 ! ,sala della ,biga ( ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #f71ffj kn[n s9ce its discov]y by ,gav9 ,hamilton 9 #agib4 ,x repres5ts a y\? :o is app>5tly tak+ position = ?r[+ ! diskos1 ! weight ( ! body re/+ on ! left leg1 ! knees slightly b5t1 ! feet firmly plant$1 & ! diskos held 9 ! left h&1 j prior to its be+ pass$ to ! "r4 ,?is position is "o :i* imm$iately prec$es t ( ,myron's great /atue4 ,! bronze orig9al dates f ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & has be5 v>i\sly assign$ to ,myron by ,brunn1 to ,alkam5es by ,kekul1 foll[$ by ,ov]beck1 ,mi*aelis & ,furtwa5gl]1#ffa & to ,naukydes1 ! bro!r & pupil ( ,polykleitos4#ffb ,! head ( ! ,vatican /atue %[s no trace ( ,peloponnesian art1 b r resembles ,attic types ( ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,h[ev]1 z we %all see1 ?is head does n appe> to belong to ! /atue4 ,among ! works ( ,alkam5es ,pl9y m5tions a bronze p5ta?lete1#ffc call$ ! ,enkr9om5os1 & ?is "w has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! /atue "u discussion4#ffd ,su* an assumption is t5able only if ! /atue fits ,pl9y's epi!t4 ,?is epi!t appe>s to mean 8und]go+ a te/10 & %\ld ref] n to ! /atue1 = we "k no?+ ( any pr9ciple ( select+ /atues1 b to ! a?lete repres5t$1 ! ref]r+ to ! selection ( a?letes be=e ! conte/4#ffe ,pl9y's /atue1 !n1 presumably1 repres5t$ a p5ta?lete1 n 9 action z ! ,vatican /atue does1 b /&+ at re/ be=e 8 judges4 ,an all-r\nd a?lete l a p5ta?lete w\ld especially fit su* an ordeal1 & 8 /atue1 albeit light] & m graceful1 w\ld be an ideal "o l ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos4#fff ,we "k h[ ,alkam5es treat$ ,h]mes f ! be>d$ h]ma ( t god f\nd 9 ,p]gamon 9 #aijc & inscrib$ ) 8 "n4#ffg ,its massive features1 broad =ehead1 & wide-op5$ eyes be> no analogy to ! head on ! ,vatican /atue1 nor to ! "o ) :i* ,helbig w\ld replace x4 ,! ascription ( ! /atue to ,naukydes is bett] f\nd$4 ,z ! head ( ! /atue is ,attic & n ,argive1 x is difficult to connect ! "w ) a ,peloponnesian arti/4 ,h[ev]1 ! pres5t head ( ! /atue c n be %[n to belong to x1 & no o!r replica has a head :i* c be prov$ to belong to ! body4 ,a fragm5t>y replica ( ! /atue1 ( good workman%ip1 0 f\nd 9 ,rome 9 #aiaj1 & ne>by a head1 :i* mu/ belong to ! torso4#ffh ,?is head fits ! ,vatican /atue bett] ?an ! head n[ on x1 & c]ta9ly comes f ! ,polykleitan circle--bo? head & body %[+ elem5ts ( ,polykleitan /yle4 ,?is new head repres5ts ! transition f ,polykleitan art to t ( ! next c5tury1 i4 e41 to ! head-types ( ,skopas1 ,praxiteles1 & o!r ,attic ma/]s4 ,presumably1 !n1 9 ! orig9al ( ?is fragm5t & its replicas1 we h a fam\s /atue--! "o by ,naukydes m5tion$ by ,pl9y4#ffi ,a m important "q = our discussion is :e!r ! ,vatican /atue repres5ts a victor 7diskobolos7 or ,h]mes4 ,g4 ,habi* has argu$ t ! pose ( ! /atue1 /&+ ) ! "r foot advanc$1 is n t ( a diskobolos tak+ position4 ,he quotes ,kietz#fgj to ! effect t no vase-pa9t+ or o!r monum5t has ! exact position ( ?is /atue1 & t ! natural position = su* a motive is to advance ! left foot4#fga ,moreov]1 ! f+]s ( ! "r h&1 :i* are suppos$ especially to uphold ! diskobolos !ory1 are mod]n 9 all ! replicas4 ,on a co9 ( ,ama/ris 9 ,paphlagonia1 dat+ f ! ,anton9es1 & on "o ( ,commodus /ruck at ,philippopolis 9 ,?race1 a figure ( ,h]mes is pictur$1 :i*1 9 all ess5tials1 reproduces ! ,vatican /atue4#fgb ,s9ce ! figure on ! co9s has a k]ykeion or tra9+-rod 9 ! "r h& & a diskos z a m9or attribute 9 ! left--m]ely a symbol ( ! god's patronage ( a?letics--we %\ld see 9 ! ,vatican /atue a repres5tation ( ,h]mes z ov]se] ( ! pal/ra4 ,pl9y's words--if we omit or transpose ! fir/ et--ref]1 !re=e1 to a /atue ( ,h]mes-,diskobolos & to ! ,ram-(f]] :i* /ood on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis1 to two1 !re=e1 & n to ?ree diff]5t monum5ts4 ,we %\ld re/ore all ! replicas ( ! /atue1 !n1 ) ! caduceus1 to repres5t ,h]mes z gymnasi>*4 ,?\gh ?is int]pretation ( ! /atue has f\nd oppon5ts1#fgc ! evid5ce is /rong t 9 x & its replicas we h an a?lete 9 ! guise ( ,h]mes4 ,if we ?9k t ! caduceus c n be br\ght into h>mony ) ! *ief motive ( ! /atue1 we mu/ conclude ) ,helbig t ! copyi/ 9 "o isolat$ case--! "o copi$ on ! co9s--*ang$ an orig9al victor /atue into ,h]mes by add+ ! h]ald /aff4 ,?is w\ld make x an in/ance1 n ( assimilation ( type1 b ( conv]sion4 ,a small bronze /atuette /&+ ^u a cyl9drical base1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! sea (f ,antiky!ra 7,c]igotto71 reproduces almo/ exactly ! attitude ( ! /atue ( ,naukydes 7,fig4 #f74fgd ,"h ! left h& is /ret*$ out horizontally at ! elb[1 b ! "r arm is lo/1 s t we get no additional evid5ce z to ! attribute c>ri$4 ,because ( its correspond5ce ) ! a=em5tion$ co9s#fge ev5 9 detail1 ,bosanquet1 foll[$ by ,svoronos1 looks ^u ?is 8little ma/]piece0 z a copy ( ! ,argive ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( ,h]mes-,diskobolos1 f\nd 9 ! ,sea (f ,antiky!ra4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,! /atue discov]$ 9 ! ru9s ( ,hadrian's villa 9 #agdb & n[ 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1#fgf :i* repres5ts an ephebe nude1 except = a *lamys ?r[n ar\nd ! middle ( 8 body1 /&+ 9 an easy attitude ) 8 left foot re/+ ^u a rock & b5d+ =w>d ) ! "r arm ext5d$ 9 a ge/ure1 0 =m]ly look$ ^u z a re/+ pancratia/4 ,because ( its g5]al lik5ess to ,praxitelean figures--! head is especially l ! ,olympia ,h]mes--,furtwa5gl] int]pret$ ! figure z t ( ,h]mes ,logios or ,agoraios1 ! god ( eloqu5ce1 & assign$ x to an arti/ ne> to ,praxiteles4 ,h[ev]1 x is probably no?+ else ?an an idealiz$ portrait ( ! age ( ,hadrian or ! ,anton9es1 & repres5ts an ephebe1 probably a victor1 assimilat$ to ! type ( ,h]mes4#fgg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,bronze ,/atue ( a ,y\?1 f\nd 9 ! ,sea (f ,antiky!ra4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,ano!r example ( assimilation may be ! mu*-discuss$ bronze /atue 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,a!ns1 :i* 0 accid5tally discov]$ 9 #aija1 along ) ! re/ ( a c>go ( sculptures :i* _h be5 wreck$ (f ! isl& ( ,antiky!ra z x 0 on its way to ,rome ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7,fig4 #g74fgh ,?is /atue1 ! be/ pres]v$ ( ! c>go1 is a little ov] lifesize & repres5ts a nude y\? /&+ ) languid grace1 ! weight ( 8 body re/+ ^u ! left leg1 :ile ! "r is slightly b5t & ! "r arm is ext5d$ horizontally1 ! h& hold+ a r\nd object n[ lo/ & v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,9 %ort1 ! pose /rongly resembles t ( ! ,vatican ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #bi74 ,op9ions z to ! age & au?or%ip ( ?is /atue h be5 v div]se1 rang+ f ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 d[n to ,hell5i/ic times & ascrib+ x to _m ma/]s & s*ools4 ,kabbadias1 :o publi%$ x1 9 conjunction ) ! o!r objects1 directly aft] _! discov]y1#fgi ?\ght x w\ld prove to 8rank z high among /atues ( bronze z does ! ,h]mes ( ,praxiteles among ^? ( m>ble10 & *>act]iz$ x z 8! mo/ beautiful bronze /atue t we possess40 ,wald/e9 prais$ x 9 no less exagg]at$ t]ms1 & class$ x along ) ! ,*>iote] f ,delphi 7,fig4 #ff7 z among ! fir/ ,greek bronzes1 if n among ! f9e/ specim5s ( ,greek sculpture4#fhj ,he foll[$ ,kabbadias 9 assign+ x to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & 9 int]pret+ x z ,h]mes4 ,he at fir/ ascrib$ x to ,praxiteles or 8 s*ool1 b lat] he ?\ght x m ,skopaic4#fha ,?4 ,re9a* plac$ x 9 ! e>ly f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 b reg>d$ x z ! "w ( a sculptor influ5c$ by ,polykleitos1 nam+ ! y\?ful ,praxiteles or ,euphranor4#fhb ,he expla9$ ! pose z t ( a man amus+ a dog or a *ild ) "s r\nd object4 ,a ,greek s*ol>1 ,a4 ,s4 ,arvanitop\los1 assign$ ! "w to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & to ! ,attic s*ool1 ref]r+ x possibly to ,alkam5es4#fhc ,h[ev]1 z soon z ! /atue 0 prop]ly cleans$ & piec$ toge!r1 its e>ly dat+ 0 se5 to be unt5able1 & its ,hell5i/ic "* became evid5t4#fhd ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] f\nd little resemblance 9 ! head to t ( ! ,praxitelean ,h]mes1 b m 9 ! treatm5t ( hair & eyes to t ( ! ,lansd[ne ,h]akles 7,pl4 #cj1 ,fig4 #ga171 :i* he ascribes to ,skopas4#fhe ,he saw 9 its labor$ & ev5 anatomical model+ simil>ity to ! ,apoxyom5os ( ! ,vatican & conclud$ t x 01 !re=e1 lat] ?an ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 be+ an eclectic piece disclos+ influ5ces ( sev]al f\r?-c5tury sculptors1 ! "w ( an imitator especially ( ,praxiteles & ,skopas4 ,k4 ,t4 ,fro/ also assign$ ! "w to ! ,hell5i/ic age1 b believ$ x 0 ! /atue ( a god & n ( a mortal1 & s foll[$ ,kabbadias & ,wald/e9 9 int]pret+ x z a ,h]mes ,logios4#fhf ,g>dn] _h int]pret$ x z probably ! /atue ( an a?lete 89 a some:at !atrical pose10 ?\gh admitt+ x might be a g5re figure repres5t+ an a?lete cat*+ a ball1 ev5 if its pose 7 aga9/ su* an int]pretation4 ,9 any case he 0 "r 9 say+ t ! pose1 ev5 if incapable ( solution1 0 *os5 by ! sculptor ) a desire = display1 z ! c5tre ( attraction is outside & n inside ! /atue1 & s is aga9/ ! ( e>li] works4 ,m rec5tly1 ,bulle has ass]t$ t x is n an orig9al "w at all1 b1 z ev9c$ by ! h>d treatm5t ( ! hair1 m]ely a copy4 ,he also int]prets x z a ,h]mes1 re/or+ a k]ykeion 9 ! left h&1 & he lik5s its oratorical pose to t ( ! ,etruscan ,orator f\nd ne> ,lago di ,trasim5o 9 #aeff & n[ 9 ! ,museo ,ar*eologico 9 ,flor5ce1 or ! ,augu/us f ,primaporta 9 ! ,vatican4#fhg ,= its date he believes ! /atue m>ks ! end ( ! ,polykleitan 8,/&motif0 7! bread? ( ! body %[+ ,polykleitan influ5ce1 ! head1 h[ev]1 be+ too small & sl5d] = ! ,argive ma/]71 & ! inception ( ! ,lysippan 7! free leg n drawn back1 b plac$ fur!r out71 z we see x 9 ! ,apoxyom5os4 ,he concludes t its au?or c n h be5 a great ma/]4#fhh ,d\btless1 ! /atue1 :i* is ! pride ( ! ,a!nian museum1 is m]ely a repres5tative example ( ! k9d ( bronze /atues made 9 great numb]s 9 ! e>ly ,hell5i/ic age2 b x %[s ! high degree ( excell5ce atta9$ at t "t by v m$iocre arti/s4#fhi ,ap>t f its p]iod1 our *ief int]e/ 9 ! /atue is to det]m9e :e!r a god or a mortal is portray$4 ,z !re are no c]ta9 remnants ( ! r\nd object held 9 ! "r h&1 & no o!r accessories1 _m int]pretations h be5 possible4 ,especially ! ge/ure ( ! "r arm has be5 ! c5tre = su* int]pretations4 ,"s h look$ ^u ?is ge/ure z 8transitory10 i4 e41 ! sweep+ ge/ure ( an orator or god ( orators1 & ?is has l$ to ! int]pretation ( ! /atue z ,h]mes ,logios4#fij ,h[ev]1 ! r\nd object 9 ! f+]s is aga9/ ?is assumption4 ,o!rs h !re=e reg>d$ ! ge/ure z 8/ation>y10 i4 e41 ! figure is hold+ an object 9 ! h&1 :i* is ! ma9 int]e/ ( ! /atue1 & ?is view has !re=e also giv5 rise to _m diff]5t explanations4 ,among my?ological int]pretations two h receiv$ c>eful att5tion4 ,svoronos has reason$ mo/ +5i\sly t ! /atue repres5ts ,p]seus hold+ ! head ( ,m$usa 9 8 h&1 & f9ds a simil> type on co9s1 gems1 & r+s4 ,?us1 almo/ ! id5tical pose ( ! /atue is se5 on an engrav$ /one 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* %[s ,p]seus hold+ ! ,gorgon's head1 & ,svoronos has re/or$ ! bronze simil>ly4#fia ,b c]ta9ly ! "r arm ( ! /atue 0 n int5d$ to c>ry s great a weight4 ,o!rs h se5 9 x ! /atue ( ,p>is by ,euphranor1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y z (f]+ ! apple z prize ( beauty to ,aphrodite4#fib ,b ! /atue sc>cely reflects ! description ( ! ,p>is by ,pl9y4 ,o!r s*ol>s h int]pret$ ! /atue z t ( a mortal4 ,s4 ,re9a* believes t x may be a y\? sacrific+4#fic ,kabbadias & ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] admitt$ x might be ! /atue ( a ball-play] z well z ( ,h]mes4 ,s9ce ?is latt] int]pretation has become popul>1 let u consid] its possibility at "s l5g? 9 ref]5ce to ball-play+ 9 antiquity4 ,n[ we "k t ball-play+ 71 7 0 a favorite amusem5t ( ! ,greeks f ! "t ( ,nausikaa & h] bro!rs 9 ! ,odyssey#fid to ! end ( ,greek hi/ory1 & t x 0 practic$ at ,rome f ! end ( ! ,republic to ! end ( ! ,empire4#fie ,x seems to h be5 reg>d$ less z a game ?an z a gymna/ic ex]cise4 ,its orig9 is ascrib$ to ! ,sp>tans & to o!rs4#fif ,a special sort ( ball-play+ 0 kn[n z 1#fig & ?is is describ$ 9 a treatise by ! physician ,gal51 ( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d41 9 :i* he recomm5d$ ball-play+ z "o ( ! be/ ex]cises4#fih ,because ( 8 ability 9 ! art ( ball-play+1 ,ari/onikos ( ,k>y/os1 ! ball-play] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 receiv$ ,a!nian citiz5%ip & 0 honor$ ) a /atue4#fii ,! philosoph] ,ktesibios ( ,*alkis 0 fond ( ! game4#gjj ,a special room1 call$ ! 1 0 a "p ( ! lat] gymnasium4#gja ,! game 0 specially indulg$ 9 at ,sp>ta4 ,sev]al inscriptions1 mo/ly f ! age ( ! ,anton9es1 commemorate victories by teams ( ball-play]s !re4#gjb ,! "n 0 giv5 to ,sp>tan y\?s 9 ! fir/ ye> ( manhood4 ,^! competitions took place 9 ! at ,sp>ta4#gjc ,?\gh1 !n1 we %\ld naturally expect /atues ( ball-play]s1 l ! "o 9 ,a!ns ( ,ari/onikos already m5tion$1 ! calm mi5 ( ! ,c]igotto bronze & ! direction ( ! gaze are c]ta9ly1 z ,?4 ,re9a* said e>li]1 aga9/ int]pret+ x z ! /atue ( "o engag$ 9 s active a sport4 ,von ,ma*1 because ( its voluptu\s appe>ance1 ?\ght x might repres5t m]ely a bon vivant4 ,:ile ,le*at int]pret$ x z possibly an a?lete receiv+ a cr[n f ,nike1#gjd ,arvanitop\los w\ld h ! "r h& ei!r hold a leky?ion or be q empty1 & ! left a /rigil1 ?us re/or+ ! /atue z an apoxyom5os4 ,s4 ,re9a* w\ld reg>d x m]ely z a fun]>y monum5t4 ,9 all ?is discrepancy ( op9ion x is n difficult to recognize elem5ts ( bo? god & mortal bl5d$4 ,! resemblance 9 ! expression & features ( ! face to ^? ( ! ,praxitelean ,h]mes1 ev5 ?\gh sup]ficial1 z well z ! pose ( ! "r arm recall ! god2 ! muscul> build ( ! figure fits ei!r ! god ,h]mes1 9 8 "* ( ov]se] ( ! sports ( ! pal/ra1 or an a?lete4 ,x !re=e seems reasonable to see 9 ?is ,hell5i/ic /atue ( v>i$ arti/ic t5d5cies m]ely ! repres5tation ( an a?lete1 p]haps ( a p5ta?lete1 :o is hold+ a cr[n or possibly an apple z a prize ( victory 9 ! "r h&1 ^: =m & features h be5 assimilat$ to ^? ( ,h]mes4 ,h[ ! /atue ( an indisputable ,h]mes ,logios1 on ! o!r h&1 appe>s1 may be se5 9 ! ,h]mes ,ludovisi ( ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1#gje & 9 its replica 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! orig9al ( ?is m>ble copy1 dat+ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 has be5 v>i\sly ascrib$ to ,pheidias1#gjf ,myron1#gjg & o!rs4 ,9 ?is /atue ! petasos1 *lamys1 & k]ykeion indicate ! god1 :ile ! position ( ! "r arm rais$ t[>d ! head#gjh & ! e>ne/ expression ( conc5tration 9 ! face bespeak ! god ( oratory4 ,! c>eful replica ( ! /atue1 except ! head1 9 ! ,l\vre1 is ! "w ( ,kleom5es ( ,a!ns1 a sculptor ( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,! copyi/1 h[ev]1 has giv5 to ! orig9al a ,roman portrait-head1 :5ce x has be5 falsely call$ ,g]manicus4#gji ,! ,p>is /atue1 !n1 is m]ely ano!r example ( ! conv]sion ( an orig9al god-type1 = ! sculptor wi%$ to repres5t a ,roman "u ! guise ( ,h]mes ,logios1 s9ce ! inscrib$ tortoise %ell reta9$ at ! feet is a well-kn[n attribute ( ! god4 ,ano!r excell5t example ( a true ,h]mes head is ! f9e ,polykleitan "o 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,bo/on1 :i* is a copy ( a well-kn[n type repres5t$ by ! ,boboli ,h]mes 9 ,flor5ce & o!r replicas4#gaj ,?\gh ,s4 ,re9a* class$ ?is head z ,kresilan1#gaa its true ,polykleitan "* has be5 e/abli%$1#gab ev5 if x does n m]it ! praise =m]ly giv5 x by ,rob9son1 ( be+ 8easily ! be/ extant copy ( a "w by ,polykleitos40#gac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,jason 7,s&al-b9d]74 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,! s-call$ ,jason ( ! ,l\vre & its _m replicas#gad 7,fig4 #h7 probably repres5t a?letes 9 ! guise ( ,h]mes4 ,^! /atues are copies ( an orig9al ( ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 ! favorite motive orig9at$--probably ) ,lysippos--( repres5t+ a figure1 z 9 ?is case1 ) "o foot on a rock1 b5d+ ov] & ty+ a s&al4 ,s9ce ! replicas 9 ,muni* & ,p>is ext5d bo? arms to ! "r foot1 :ile ^? 9 ,london & ,a!ns ext5d ! left arm ov] ! brea/1 ) ! h& re/+ on ! "r knee1 ,kle9 has argu$ two diff]5t v]sions ( a common type4 ,he comp>es ! =m] ) figures on ! we/ frieze ( ! ,p>!non1 ! latt] ) ! well-kn[n relief ( ,nike ty+ h] s&al1 f ! ,nike balu/rade n[ 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum4 ,! "o type he assigns to ,lysippos1 ! o!r 7) bo? arms d[n7 to an e>li] arti/4 ,h[ev]1 ! proportions ( bo? gr\ps agree ) ! ,lysippan canon & s we %\ld assume only "o arti/4 ,! discussion :e!r ! figure is ty+ or unty+ ! s&al is z b>r5 z ! simil> "o rais$ ab\t ! ,a!na f ! ,nike balu/rade2#gae b ! "q z to :o is repres5t$ by ! type is wor?y ( c>eful consid]ation4 ,! /atue 9 ! ,l\vre at fir/ 0 believ$ to repres5t ,c9c9natus call$ f ! pl\gh1 b ,w9ckelmann1 )\t evid5ce1 gave x its pres5t "n ( ,jason4 ,9 rec5t ye>s x has be5 int]pret$ z ,h]mes ty+ on 8 s&als1 8 head rais$ to he>k5 to ! behe/ ( ,zeus be=e go+ =? f ,olympos on 8 duties z mess5g]4 ,?is int]pretation 0 bas$ on ! description ( a /atue ( ! god by ,*ri/odoros1#gaf & ! fact t ! type con=ms ) a repres5tation ( ,h]mes on a co9 ( ,m>kianopolis 9 ,msia4#gag ,arndt has argu$ f ! co9 & f ! motive ( ! /atue t ,h]mes & n an a?lete is int5d$2 ?us ! incl9ation ( ! head1 he ?9ks1 is n t ( an a?lete look+ out ov] ! !atre1 s9ce ! reg>d is n f> (f1 b m]ely upw>d2 ! pres5ce ( ! *lamys & ! s&als also fits ! god4 ,he !re=e ref]s ! copies to a ,h]mes-type orig9at$ by ,lysippos4 ,b ,froehn]'s idea t !y repres5t a?letes1 ev5 if ! type 7 inv5t$ = ,h]mes1 is 9 l9e ) our idea ( ! assimilation ( a?lete types to t ( ,h]mes4 ,9 ?is connection x may be add$ t ! head ( an a?lete 9 ,tur91#gah dat+ f ! late ?ird or e>ly second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 is v simil> to t ( ! ,l\vre figure1 & especially to ! ,fagan head 9 ,london4 ,! pose ( an a?lete b9d+ on a s&al 0 d\btless *os5 by ! sculptor m]ely to %[ ! play ( ! muscles4 ,heads ( ,h]mes are (t5 f\nd ) victor fillets1#gai & "s ( ^! d\btless are f /atues ( victors4 ,! beautiful f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,p>ian m>ble head ( a be>dless y\? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 kn[n z ! ,ab]de5 head1#gbj :i* resembles s /rongly ! ,praxitelean ,h]mes1 al?\gh lack+ its delicacy1 may be f a victor /atue assimilat$ to ! god1 = holes %[ t x once wore a metal wrea?4 ,9 ,roman days ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 z we h se51 0 adapt$ to repres5t ,h]mes1 & 0 set up 9 v>i\s pal/r & gymnasia4 ,! ,naples copy ( ! ,doryphoros /ood 9 ! ,palai/ra ( ,pompeii1#gba & /atues ( ephebes c>ry+ lances 7ha/ae1 7 & call$ ,a*illeae by ,pl9y1#gbb :i* mu/ h be5 l>gely copies ( ,polykleitos' great /atue1 7 set up 9 gymnasia4 ,a lat] type ( ,h]mes-head (t5 appe>$ on bodies ( ! ,doryphoros1#gbc :ile o!r /atues1 %[+ ! body ( ! ,doryphoros drap$ ) ! *lamys1#gbd & _m torsos foll[+ ! attitude & =m ( ?is /atue1 h ! *lamys1 :i* %[s t !y 7 int5d$ = ! god4#gbe ,h]mes 9 ! ,doryphoros pose1 9 a bronze ( ! ,briti% ,museum1#gbf is probably int5d$ = an a?lete4 ,furtwa5gl] has %[n#gbg t ! old ,argive s*ema ( ! box] ,ari/ion at ,olympia by ,polykleitos#gbh 0 us$ 9 ! ma/]'s circle = /atues ( ,h]mes4 ,! be/ pres]v$ example ( a numb] ( exi/+ /atues ( ?is type is "o 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london1#gbi 9 ! pose ( ! ,ari/ion1 hold+ an object--probably a k]ykeion--9 ! h& & a *lamys ov] ! left %\ld]4 ,,a?lete ,,/atues ,,assimilat$ ,,to ,,types ,,( ,,apollo4 ,apollo figures 9 my?ology z an a?lete4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 at ! op5+ ( ! box+ mat* betwe5 ,epeios & ,euryalos1#gcj he is m5tion$ z ! god ( box+1 :i* ref]s1 p]haps1 to 8 presid+ ov] ! education ( y\?s 77 & to 8 gift ( manly pr[ess4 ,pausanias records t he ov]came ,h]mes 9 runn+ & ,ares 9 box+4#gca ,he gives ^! victories ( ! god z ! reason :y ! flute play$ a ,py?ian air at ! lat] p5ta?lon4 ,plut>* says t ! ,delphians sacrific$ to ,apollo ! box] 771 & ! ,cretans & ,sp>tans to ,apollo ! runn] 774#gcb ,apollo's fight ) ,h]akles to wre/ f ! h]o ! /ol5 tripod ( ,delphi1#gcc :i* is ! subject ( _m surviv+ works ( art1#gcd is outside ! realm ( a?letics4 ,z ) ,h]mes1 x is (t5 difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 /atues ( ,apollo & ^? ( victors assimilat$ to 8 type4 ,a good in/ance ( ?is d\bt is af=d$ by ! long & indecisive discussion ( ! monum5t repres5t$ by sev]al replicas1 especially by ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,pl4 #g;,a71 & ! s-call$ ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 7,pl4 #g;,b7 f\nd 9 #ahfb 9 ! ru9s ( ! !atre ( ,dionysos at ,a!ns1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum !re4#gce ,! bronze orig9al ( ^! m>ble copies mu/ h be5 fam\s1 to judge f ! numb] ( replicas ( x4 ,x has be5 ascrib$ to _m diff]5t arti/s--to ,kalamis1 ,py?agoras1 ,alkam5es1 ,pasiteles1#gcf to "o on m1 to ano!r on less probability4 ,z ,a4 ,h4 ,smi? has po9t$ out1 ! krobylos treatm5t ( ! hair almo/ c]ta9ly indicates an ,attic sculptor ( ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,b "h aga9 ! ma9 int]e/ 9 ^! copies is to det]m9e :e!r ! orig9al repres5t$ ,apollo or an a?lete4 ,! connection betwe5 ! ,a!ns replica & ! omphalos f\nd ) x is all b disprov$#gcg & c n be us$ z evid5ce t ! /atue repres5ts ! god4 ,h[ev]1 ! orig9al has be5 call$ an ,apollo because ( ! pres5ce ( a quiv] on c]ta9 ( ! copies4 ,?us1 :ile we h a tree-trunk beside ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] example1 we h a quiv] on ! copy 9 ! ,palazzo ,torlonia 9 ,rome1#gch & on a simil> /atue 9 ! ,frid]icianum 9 ,kassel1#gci & bo? tree & quiv] on ! fragm5t ( a leg f ! ,palat9e n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me4#gdj ,! ,v5tnor head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#gda has long locks suit$ to ,apollo1 & ! head f ,kyr5e !re#gdb 0 actually f\nd 9 a temple ( ,apollo4 ,x has also be5 po9t$ out t ! head ( a simil> figure1 und\bt$ly an ,apollo1 appe>s on a relief 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1#gdc & a simil> figure is f\nd on a r$-figur$ krat] 9 ,bologna1 :i* %[s ! god /&+ on a pill> ) a laurel wrea? 9 ! l[]$ left h& & a b[l 9 ! "r4#gdd ,on co9s ( ,a!ns1 moreov]1 we see ! figure ( ,apollo 9 a simil> attitude ) a laurel wrea? 9 ! l[]$ "r h& & a b[ 9 ! left4#gde ,f su* evid5ce a good case = an ,apollo has be5 made out by _m s*ol>s--,a4 ,h4 ,smi?1 ,w9t]1#gdf ,helbig1#gdg ,conze1#gdh ,furtwa5gl]1#gdi ,s*reib]1#gej ,dick9s1 & o!rs4 ,! evid5ce ( ! quiv] 9 ! delle ,t]me fragm5t & ! ,torlonia replica is look$ ^u z a delib]ate device ( ! copyi/ to indicate ! god4 ,! attempt especially to connect x ) ! ,apollo ,alexikakos ( ,kalamis#gea mu/ c]ta9ly fall1 s9ce ! date is ab\t ! only ?+ 9 its favor4 ,9 ! long li/ ( /atues ascrib$ to ?is sculptor1#geb !re is none ( an a?lete1 & ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] type1 :e!r x repres5ts ,apollo or an a?lete1 has a m>k$ly a?letic "*4 ,if ! ,delphi ,*>iote] 7,fig4 #ff7 be ascrib$ to ,kalamis1 c]ta9ly ?is type ( /atue c h no?+ to d ) him or 8 s*ool4 ,nor is ! type at all id5tical ) ! ,alexikakos appe>+ on co9s ( ,a!ns1#gec 9 :i* ! locks ( hair1 9 ! true ar*aic fa%ion ( a cultus /atue1 fall d[n ov] ! god's %\ld]s4 ,besides1 ! "w ( ,kalamis1 *>act]iz$ by & 1#ged mu/ h be5 ( ! delicate lat] ar*aic /yle ( ! transition p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g;,a ,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,apollo ,*oiseul-,g\ffi]4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g;,b ,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,wald/e91 h[ev]1 has made a good case aga9/ ! evid5ce adduc$ = int]pret+ ! orig9al z ,apollo & he believes t ! /atue repres5ts an a?lete4#gee ,! ?ongs ?r[n ov] ! /ump 9 ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue1 d\btless ^? ( a box]1 seem to po9t to an a?lete = t copy at lea/4 ,! muscul> =m & a?letic coiffure ( all ! copies also po9t to ! same conclusion1 ev5 if ,wald/e9's ascription ( ! orig9al /atue to ! box] ,eu?ymos1 ^: /atue by ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion /ood 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia1#gef is only a guess4 ,wolt]s ?9ks ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue may repres5t an a?lete1 b is aga9/ ,wald/e9's ascription ( ! "w to ,py?agoras4#geg ,?\gh diff]+ 9 detail1 ! r5d]+ ( ! hair1 common to all ! replicas1 is a purely a?letic coiffure4 ,! argum5t = attribut+ ! orig9al to ,apollo1 bas$ on ! curls ar\nd ! face1 is ( no importance1 s9ce a simil> coiffure appe>s on _m ephebe heads by v>i\s ,attic ma/]s ( ! same or a slightly e>li] p]iod4 ,! hair treatm5t on a little-kn[n replica ( ! head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#geh gives u an additional argum5t 9 det]m9+ :e!r ! orig9al 0 an ,apollo or n4 ,on ?is head !re are two corkscrew curls side by side j back ( ! e>s1 :i* are s inorganically atta*$ & s unsuit$ to ! /yle ( head z to make u believe t !y 7 add$ by ! copyi/1 ev5 if _! abs5ce 9 o!r copies 7 n pro( en\gh ( ?is fact4 ,app>5tly ! copyi/ adopt$ a well-kn[n type ( a?lete & tri$ to conv]t x into an ,apollo by ! use ( ?is ,apoll9e hair attribute4 ,! only o!r ,apoll9e attribute1 ! quiv] on ! copies 9 ! ,palazzo ,torlonia#gei & ,museo delle ,t]me1 may h be5 add$ z a =tuit\s adjunct by ! copyi/s1 :o 7 conv]t+ an orig9al a?lete /atue into "o ( ,apollo4 ,x may be add$1 also1 t ! quiv] does n always indicate ! god1 z we %all see 9 discuss+ ! ,delian ,diad\m5os 7,pl4 #ah74 ,:5 we consid]1 !re=e1 ! a?letic pose1 ! massive outl9e & proportions1 ! high-ar*$ *e/1 ! muscul> arms & ?ighs1 ! acc5tuation ( ! ve9s1#gfj ! fa%ion ( ! hair1 & ! relatively small size ( ! head1 toge!r ) ! pres5ce ( ! box+-?ongs on ! ,london example1 x seems reasonable to conclude t 9 ?is s]ies ( copies we may see an orig9al a?lete /atue1 :i* 9 c]ta9 cases 0 lat] trans=m$ into /atues ( ,apollo4 ,ev5 if ! orig9al 0 actually an ,apollo1 its proportions 7 f> bett] suit$ to ! patron ( a?letic ex]cises ?an to ! lead] ( a cele/ial *oir4 ,an in/ance ( ! simil> use ( ! same type ( head is %[n by ! colossal /atue ( ,apollo une>!d at ,olympia4#gfa ,"h we see ! same coiffure z 9 ! heads discuss$1 b ! pres5ce ( ! remnants ( a lyre indubitably %[s t ?is copy 0 int5d$ = ,apollo1 & s x has be5 rightly assign$ by ,treu1 n to ! fif?1 b to a lat] c5tury4 ,:5 long hair 0 no long] ! fa%ion = a?letes1 a lat] arti/ might mi/ak5ly ?9k t ! e>li] plaits 7 g5u9ely ,apoll9e1 ?\gh we "k t !y 7 common to all e>ly a?letic art4 ,ano!r head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum has be5 ably discuss$ by ,mrs4 ,/rong1#gfb :o %[s t x comes f an ,apollo & n f an a?lete /atue4 ,x is simil> to an ,apollo pictur$ on a /at] /ruck at ,mytil5e ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c41#gfc & consequ5tly1 l ! /atue f ,olympia1 x is m]ely an in/ance ( ! process ( conv]t+ an a?lete /atue into t ( an ,apollo4 ,! m>ble copy ( ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos1 f\nd on ! isl& ( ,delos 9 #ahid1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns#gfd 7,pl4 #ah71 has a *lamys & a quiv] introduc$ on ! m>ble support aga9/ ! "r leg4 ,until rec5tly ^! attributes 7 reg>d$ z ! arbitr>y introductions ( ! ,hell5i/ic copyi/1 :o wi%$ to conv]t ! fam\s a?lete /atue into "o ( ,apollo1 b lately x has be5 sugge/$ t !y belong$ to ! orig9al /atue1 :i* is assum$ to h repres5t$ ,apollo4 ,?us1 ,haus] has prop\nd$ ! !ory t ! ,diad\m5os 0 orig9ally an ,apollo4#gfe ,he does n believe t ! ,delian sculptor c\ld h trans=m$ a %ort-hair$ a?lete into an ,apollo1 s9ce ! typical ,apollo aft] ! "t ( ,praxiteles 0 nev] repres5t$ z a?letic4 ,he lat] support$ 8 !ory t ! ,diad\m5os 0 orig9ally an ,apollo by ! evid5ce ( a bronze /atuette & a ,delphian co91 & reass]t$ 8 view t s virile a %ort-hair$ ,apollo did n orig9ate ) ! lat] copyi/1 b 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#gff ,haus]'s argum5t t ,apollo 0 ! orig9al ( ! ,diad\m5os seems z unsuccessful z 8 cont5tion t ,polykleitos' o!r great creation1 ! ,doryphoros1 is to be class$ z an ,a*illes4#gfg ,loewy has suffici5tly oppos$ ,haus]'s !ory ( ! ,diad\m5os1 by %[+ t ! palm-tree prop 9 all ! m>ble replicas ( t /atue po9ts to a?letic victories4#gfh ,he rightly expla9s ! ,apoll9e attributes ( ! ,delian copy z ! p]fectly natural additions ( an arti/ :o liv$ on ! isl& reput$ to be ! bir?place ( ! god4 ,8 ascription ( ! ,polykleitan /atue to ! p5ta?lete ,py?okles1 ! base ( ^: /atue at ,olympia has be5 f\nd1#gfi is d\btful4 ,m rec5tly ,ada ,maviglia has %[n ! lit]>y gr\nds = reg>d+ ! ,diad\m5os z an a?lete1 & n an ,apollo4#ggj ,! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 /atues ( a?letes & ,apollo is also %[n by ! v beautiful fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,p>ian m>ble head 9 ,tur91#gga :i* is c]ta9ly a copy ( an orig9al ,greek bronze4 ,furtwa5gl]1 because ( ! hair1 wrongly believ$ x ! head ( a diad\m5os1 & connect$ x ) ,kresilas1#ggb :ile ,amelung & ,wace#ggc h f\nd 9 x ,attic & ,polykleitan influ5ces4 ,! hair is p>t$ ov] ! c5tre ( ! =ehead1 z 9 ! ,diad\m5os & ! ,doryphoros1 & 9 o!r works attribut$ to ! ,polykleitan s*ool1 :ile ! locks ov] ! e>s & ! plaits w\nd r\nd ! head h ,attic analogues4#ggd ,,a?lete ,,/atues ,,assimilat$ ,,to ,,types ,,( ,,h]akles4 ,h]akles 0 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! games at ,olympia4#gge ,he 0 a fam\s wre/l]1 ,pausanias frequ5tly m5tion+ 8 combats ) giants4#ggf ,he won 9 bo? wre/l+ & ! pankration at ,olympia4#ggg ,9 connection ) ! victory ( ,/raton ( ,alex&ria1 :o won 9 ^! two ev5ts on ! same day1#ggh ,pausanias names ?ree m5 be=e him & ?ree m5 aft] him :o won 9 ^! ev5ts on ! same day4#ggi ,we le>n _! dates f ,africanus4#ghj ,aft] ! date ( ! la/ ( ^! victories1 ,ol4 #bjd 7 #cg ,a4 ,d471 ! ,elean umpires1 9 ord] to *eck pr(essionalism1 refus$ to all[ conte/ants to ent] = bo? ev5ts4#gha ,to w9 ! cr[n ( wild olive 9 bo? ^! ev5ts 0 !re=e reg>d$ z a great honor1 & 9 ! ,olympic li/s a special note 0 made ( su* victors1 :o 7 call$ 1 1 1 4 4 41 ' 4#ghb ,!y also receiv$ ! title ( or 4#ghc ,/atues ( ,h]akles1 l ^? ( ,h]mes & ,!seus1 7 commonly set up 9 gymnasia & pal/r ?r\gh\t ,greece1#ghd & x 0 b natural t ,olympic victors1 especially ^? 9 ! two ev5ts m5tion$1 %\ld want _! /atues assimilat$ to ^? ( ! h]o4 ,! difficulty ( decid+ :e!r a giv5 /atue is "o ( ,h]akles or ( a victor is ev5 great] ?an t ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 /atues ( victors & ^? ( ,h]mes or ,apollo4 ,to quote ,homolle3 8,ma9tes fois1 comme p\r la tte d',olympie1 comme p\r plusieurs autres encore1 on peut se dem&] si le p]sonnage reprs5t e/ le hros luimme s\s les traits d'un a?lte ou un a?lte fait l'image du hros40#ghe ,9 ref]5ce to ! /atue ( ,agias by ,lysippos discov]$ at ,delphi1 :i* is an excell5t example ( ! assimilation process :i* we are discuss+1 he cont9ues3 8,ici en p>ticuli]1 tant donne la nature du monum5t1 il e/ p]mis de suppos] que l'auteur 444 ait v\lu lev] le p]sonnage la hauteur idale du type div9 en qu' ,agias ait t assimil ,hracls40#ghf ,we %all discuss a few examples ( ?is process ( assimilation to types ( ,h]akles4 ,our ascription ( ! head f ,olympia m5tion$ by ,homolle1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,gymnasion1 to ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/ ,phil&ridas by ,lysippos#ghg 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi7 w be discuss$ 9 a lat] *apt]4#ghh ,! swoll5 e>s & hair-fillet might pass = h]o or mortal1 = 9 decid+ :e!r a giv5 head repres5ts ,h]akles or a victor1 ! e>s are n ! decid+ crit]ion1 s9ce _m h]oes _h ! 8pancratia/0 swoll5 e>1 z we %all see lat]4 ,a good example ( assimilation is se5 9 ! beautiful little m>ble head ( a man1 f\nd 9 ,a!ns & n[ 9 ! ,glypto!k ,ny-,c>lsb]g 9 ,cop5hag51 dat+ f ! e>ly ,hell5i/ic age4#ghi ,z traces ( color rema9 9 ! hair1 "s h ?\ght t ?is head came f ! reliefs on ! 8,alex&]0 s>cophagus f ,sidon1 belong+ to ! body ( a headless y\? repres5t$ !re4 ,?\gh ! m>ble 7,p5telic7 & ! dim5sions w\ld fit1 x w\ld be ! only head on ! s>cophagus ) a b& 9 ! hair1 & s ! "q c n be def9itely decid$4#gij ,! head 0 at fir/ call$ a ,h]akles1 ?\gh ,furtwa5gl] rightly saw 9 x an ideal repres5tation ( an a?lete1 ev5 if ! e>s are n swoll54 ,a bronze head ( a y\? f ,h]culaneum1 n[ 9 ,naples1 is evid5tly a "p ( ! /atue ( a victor or ( ,h]akles4#gia ,a ,polykleitan ephebe head-type1 ) roll$ fillet ar\nd ! hair & swoll5 e>s1 repres5t$ by replicas 9 ,naples1 9 ,rome1 & else:]e1 may repres5t a box] 9 ! guise ( ! h]o4#gib ,9 ! ,roman copy ( ! gr\p ( ,h]akles & ,telephos 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti ( ! ,vatican1 ,h]akles1 /ill ! god1 we>s a fillet4#gic ,simil>ly1 a colossal head ( m$iocre workman%ip 9 ! ,sala dei ,bu/i ( ! ,vatican repres5ts ! h]o ) a fillet1#gid :ile ano!r head 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 ) fillet & swoll5 e>s1 seems to repres5t ,h]akles z a victori\s a?lete4#gie ,_m o!r heads 9 v>i\s museums1 :i* are commonly call$ heads ( ,h]akles1 may repres5t a?letes 9 ! h]oic guise4 ,a good example is ! ,p>ian m>ble t]m9al bu/ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 repres5t+ a "y ,h]akles wrea!d ) popl>1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ca74gif ,9 ?is head ! e>s are bruis$4 ,x seems to h be5 copi$ f "s well-kn[n /atue ( ,lysippan or ,skopaic t5d5cies4 ,ano!r head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum %[s ! be>dless h]o1 8 hair encircl$ by a diadem1 & 8 e>s brok5 & cru%$4#gig ,?is almo/ c]ta9ly comes f a victor /atue4 ,_m bronze /atuettes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum may be int]pret$ ei!r z ,h]akles or z victors4#gih ,a bronze f ,corfu repres5ts a nude ,h]akles or an a?lete1 ) ! left foot advanc$ & ! left h& ext5d$4 ,! objects held 9 bo? h&s are lo/1 b ! *all5g+ pose & expression indicate a box]4#gii ,simil>ly a small bronze 9 ,b]l91 repres5t$ ) a fillet & 9 ! walk+ pose1 may be a ,h]akles or a victor4#hjj ,duets*ke gives two examples ( heads 9 ! ,uffizi1 bo? ( !m hav+ fillets1 & "o ( !m hav+ swoll5 e>s1 :i* may come f /atues ( ! h]o or victors4#hja ,heads ( ! h]o ) ! roll$ fillet c n1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ,furtwa5gl]1 be class$ z victors1 s9ce he believes t ?is attribute 0 borr[$ f ! symposium1 to di/+ui% ! glorifi$ h]o rejoic+ 9 ! cele/ial banquet4#hjb ,,a?letes ,,repres5t$ ,,z ,,! ,,diosk\roi4 ,ka/or is said to h won ! foot-race & ,polydeukes ! box+ mat*1 at ,olympia4#hjc ,!y _h an alt> at ! entrance to ! ,hippodrome !re1#hjd & 7 call$ 8,/>t]s ( ! ,race0 at ,sp>ta4#hje ,a /adion1 9 :i* !y 7 fabl$ to h cont5d$1 0 %[n 9 ,h]mione1 9 ,cor9?ia4#hjf ,ka/or 0 a fam\s horse-rac] 9 ,hom] & lat] writ]s1#hjg & ,polydeukes a fam\s box]1#hjh bo? be+ ' ! rid] & box] respectively4#hji ,sc5es %[+ ,a!na sett+ g>l&s on victori\s hoplite rac]s 787 appe> on reliefs ( ! ,diosk\roi f ,t>5tum4#haj ,an ar*aic ,argive inscription tells h[ a c]ta9 ,ais*ylos won ! /ade-race f\r times & ! hoplite-race ?ree times at ,argos1 = :i* he d$icat$ a slab to ! ,diosk\roi1 :i* depict$ !m 9 relief4#haa ,an inscrib$ bronze quoit ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 f ,kephall5ia7871 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 0 d$icat$ to ! two h]oes by ,exodas = a victory 7app>5tly 9 ! p5ta?lon74#hab ,a bronze f\r-spok$ :eel ) a d$icatory inscription 9 _! honor 0 f\nd at ,argos1 probably ! remnant ( a monum5t erect$ = a *>iot victory4#hac ,d\btless c]ta9 victor /atues 7 assimilat$ to !m1 ?\gh we h no direct evid5ce ( ! fact4 ,ord9>y dead m5 appe>$ 9 ! guise ( ! ,diosk\roi on sepul*ral reliefs1 j z we h se5 t 9 /atu>y !y 7 h]oiz$ into /atues ( ,h]mes4 ,?us a grave-relief 9 honor ( ,pamphilos & ,alex&ros 9 ,v]ona %[s on ! project+ l[] rim ! two ,diosk\roi1 ! figure to ! "r c>ry+ a lance 9 ! "r h& & hold+ ! bridle ( a horse 9 ! left1 :ile ! figure to ! left holds a lance 9 ! left h& & t\*es a horse's head ) ! "r4#had ,a votive relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum repres5ts two y\?s on horseback1 :o1 despite ! abs5ce ( ! conical cap or pilleus1 are probably ! ,diosk\roi4#hae ,_! %ort hair is b\nd ) diadems1 :i* %[s t ! dead m5 may h be5 victors4 ,suffici5t examples ( ! process ( assimilation h n[ be5 giv5 to prove t x 0 n an uncommon device ( ! anci5t sculptor & to %[ ! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 types ( gods & a?letes4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,victor ,,/atues ,,repres5t$ ,,at ,,re/4 ,,plates #h-ba ,,& ,,figures #i-ca4 ,we h se5#haf t x 0 a v old cu/om 9 ,greece to d$icate /atues ( victors at ! great national games to ! god 9 ^: honor ! games 7 held4 ,on _m sites1 especially at ,olympia1 t9y /atuettes ( clay or bronze ( v primitive te*nique h be5 f\nd 9 great numb]s1 :i* repres5t victors 9 _m attitudes & ways--z horsem51 w>riors1 *>iote]s1 etc4 ,by ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ?is anci5t cu/om1 z we le>n f lit]>y1 epigraphical1 & monum5tal s\rces1 _h develop$1 ) ! rapid progress atta9$ by ! sculptor's art1 into ! regul> practice ( erect+ life-size /atues ( a?letes at ! site ( ! games or 9 ! native city ( ! victor4 ,especially at ,olympia hundr$s ( su* monum5ts 7 gradually collect$1 ^: numb]s & beauty mu/ h ex]t$ an ov]:elm+ impression on ! visitor to ! ,altis4 ,we %all n[ beg9 ! consid]ation ( ^! monum5ts 9 detail4 ,! victor /atues at ,olympia1 z else:]e1 may be conv5i5tly divid$ into two ma9 gr\ps--^? :i* repres5t ! victor z /&+ or seat$ at re/1 be=e or aft] ! conte/1 & ^? :i* repres5t him 9 movem5t1 i4 e41 9 "s conte/ s*ema4#hag ,examples ( /atues ( a?letes repres5t$ at re/ are common 9 ,greek a?letic sculpture4 ,we ne$ only m5tion ! s-call$ ,oil-p\r] ( ,muni* 7,pl4 #aa71 :o is repres5t$ z p\r+ oil ov] 8 body to make 8 limbs m supple = ! com+ wre/l+ b\t2 ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos 7,pls4 #ag1 #ah1 & ,fig4 #bh71 :o is b9d+ a victor fillet ar\nd 8 head aft] a successful enc\nt]2 ! ,apoxyom5os ( ! s*ool ( ,lysippos 7,pl4 #bi71 repres5t+ an a?lete scrap+ (f ! oil & dirt f 8 body aft] 8 victory4 ,9 ?is class ( /atues1 :i* =ms by f> ! great] numb] & %[s ! ri*] motives1 ! poses are quiet & res]v$1 ! figures are compact1 & ! expression e>ne/ & ev5 ?\ghtful4 ,z examples ( /atues repres5t$ 9 movem5t we ne$ only recall su* well-kn[n works z ! ,diskobolos ( ,myron ) its rhy?mic l9es & vivaci\s expression 7,pls4 #bb1 #bc1 & ,figs4 #cd1 #ce72 ! bronze wre/l]s ( ,naples1 :o are b5d+ eag]ly =w>d wat*+ = a grip 7,fig4 #ea72 or ! arti/ically int]tw9$ pancratia/ gr\p ( ,flor5ce 7,pl4 #be74 ,su* monum5ts %[ u ! v>i$ poses1 ! *oice ( ! critical mom5t1 ! tru? to life1 & ! ma/]ly rhy?m atta9$ by c]ta9 sculptors4 ,,! ,,apollo ,,type4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all conf9e ourselves almo/ entirely to ! /atues ( victors repres5t$ at re/1 discuss+ ^? repres5t$ 9 motion *iefly 9 ! next4 ,mo/ ( ! olde/ /atues at ,olympia1 dat+ f a "t :5 !re 7 few v>iations 9 ! sculptural type1 mu/ h be5 repres5t$ at re/ & 9 ! s*ema ( ! s-call$ 8,apollos40 ,ev] s9ce ! discov]y ( ! ,apollo ( ,!ra 9 #ahcf 7,fig4 #i71 ?is g5re ( sculpture1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly p]iod1 ext5d+ f ! end ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! "t ( ! gable gr\ps ( ,aeg9a1 has be5 c>efully /udi$4 ,?\gh we n[ "k t ! type pass$ equally well = gods & mortals1#hah we /ill keep ! "n1 because ( its famili>ity & = ! sake ( hav+ a common designation4 ,t ?is type actually repres5t$ ,olympic victors we h indubitable pro(4 ,pausanias m5tions ! /one victor /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,arrha*ion1 dat+ f ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :i* /ood 9 ! agora ( 8 native t[n ,phigalia4 ,he describes x z ar*aic 9 pose1 ) ! feet close toge!r & ! arms hang+ d[n ! sides to ! hips--! typical 8,apollo0 s*ema4#hai ,moreov]1 ?is v /atue has surviv$ to our "t 7,fig4 #gi74hbj ,a /udy1 !re=e1 ( ?is type ( /atue w give u an idea ( h[ "s ( ! e>ly /atues at ,olympia look$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,/atue ( s-call$ ,apollo ( ,!ra4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,/atue ( s-call$ ,apollo ( ,or*om5os4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,/atue ( s-call$ ,apollo1 f ,m\nt ,ptoion1 ,botia4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,! 8,apollo0 /atues1#hba because ( diff]5ces 9 facial expression1 h be5 conv5i5tly divid$ into two gr\ps3 ^? repres5t$ by ! examples f ,!ra1 ,melos1 ,volom&ra1 ,t5ea1 etc41 sometimes nam$ ! 8gr9n+0 gr\p1 because ! corn]s ( ! m\? are turn$ upw>ds into ! s-call$ 8ar*aic smile10 & ^? repres5t$ by ! examples f ,or*om5os1 ! prec9ct ( ,m\nt ,ptoion1 & else:]e1 nam$ ! 8/olid0 gr\p1 because 9 !m ! m\? =ms a /raight l9e4#hbb ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ess5tial diff]5ces betwe5 ! /atues ( ea* gr\p4 ,?us1 :ile "s ( bo? gr\ps--e4 g41 ! examples f ,melos1 ,volom&ra1 & ,or*om5os--h squ>e %\ld]s1 mo/ ( ! o!rs h slop+ ones4 ,! type gradually improv$1 z 9 ea* successive attempt ! sculptor ov]came difficulties1 until f9ally revolution>y *anges _h tak5 place 9 ! orig9al =m4 ,?is improvem5t is se5 9 ! treatm5t ( ! hair1 9 ! model+ ( ! face & body1 & 9 ! proportions ( ! /atues4 ,9 a head ( a /atue f ,m\nt ,ptoion#hbc--:i* is brok5 (f at ! neck--we seem to see ! sculptor 9 wood mak+ 8 fir/ attempt 9 /one4 ,9 ! ar*aic example f ,!ra#hbd 7,fig4 #i7 ! arms hang /raight d[n close to ! sides1 z 9 ! /atue ( ,arrha*ion1 be+ deta*$ only slightly f ! body at ! elb[s1 %[+ t ! arti/ 0 afraid t !y might break (f4 ,9 o!r examples1 z 9 ! "o f ,or*om5os#hbe 7,fig4 #aj7 & "o f ,m\nt ,ptoion#hbf 7,fig4 #aa71 ! space betwe5 ! arms & ! body has become l>g]1 :ile 9 ! example f ,melos#hbg 7,fig4 #ab7 only ! h&s are glu$ to ! ?ighs4 ,9 ! 8,apollo0 f\nd at ,t5ea 9 #ahdf1 & n[ 9 ,muni*#hbh 7,pl4 #h;,a71 ! arms are free1 b ! h&s are held fa/ to ! body by ! ret5tion ( small m>ble bridges betwe5 !m & ! ?ighs4 ,! f9al /ep has be5 tak5 9 two examples f ,m\nt ,ptoion 7,fig4 #ac71 9 :i* ! arms f ! %\ld]s d[n are free f ! bodies4#hbi ,! bridges %[n on ! photograph 9 ! figure to ! left1 :i* connect ! =e>ms ) ! ?ighs1 are ( pla/]1 be+ add$ at ! "t ! /atue 0 set up 9 ,a!ns4#hcj ,! figure to ! "r is small] & cle>ly discloses ,aeg9etan influ5ce4 ,! audacity ( ! sculptor 9 entirely free+ ! arms 9 bo? examples 0 rew>d$ by ! arms be+ brok5 (f4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! ,/rang=d ,apollo ( ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ad71hca ! arms1 :i* hung loose f ! %\ld]s1 are brok5 away4 ,! l>g] /atue f ,m\nt ,ptoion j m5tion$ also has ! arms slightly crook$ at ! elb[s1 ! =e>ms be+ ext5d$ at an oblique angle to ! body4 ,?is repres5ts an int]m$iate /age betwe5 ! e>li] 8,apollos10 9 :i* ! arms adh]$ v]tically to ! sides ( ! body 7z e4 g41 9 ! ones f ,or*om5os1 ,!ra1 ,melos1 & ,t5ea71 & ! lat] ones1 9 :i* ! arms 7 b5t1 ! =e>ms be+ ext5d$ at "r angles to ! body 7see ,figs4 #ae & #ai74hcb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,/atue ( s-call$ ,apollo ( ,melos4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,! example f ,!ra %[s ! ar*aic me?od ( work+ 9 planes p>allel to front & side & at "r angles to "o ano!r1 ! corn]s ( ! squ>e block be+ m]ely r\nd$ (f4 ,! outl9es ( muscles are indicat$ by %all[ grooves1 :i* d n affect ! flatness ( ! surface1 & !re is b little facial expression4 ,we see ! *e/ outl9$ 9 "s examples f ,aktion4#hcc ,9 ! ,melian example ! rectangul> =m is modifi$ by cutt+ away ! sides obliquely 9 arms & body2 "h !re is m expression 9 ! face1 & ! treatm5t ( ! hair & ! proportions ( ! body are m develop$4 ,9 ! example f ,or*om5os we see a great improvem5t 9 =m4 ,"h1 z 9 lat] ,botian examples1 ! orig9al rectangul> =m ( ! example f ,!ra has become r\nd1 s t a horizontal cross-section ?r\gh ! wai/ is almo/ circul>2 ! muscles ( ! abdom5 are indicat$ & ! sk9 is naturali/ically %[n 9 ! back & at ! elb[s4 ,9 lat] ,botian examples f ,m\nt ,ptoion1 :i* are directly develop$ f ! ,or*om5os type1#hcd ! =m is light] & ! proportions m graceful4 ,9 "o example 7,fig4 #ac1 left7 ev5 ! ve9s are %[n4 ,9 ! example m5tion$ above z %[+ ,aeg9etan influ5ce1 & dat$ ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c41#hce ! muscles are cle>ly m>k$1 j z 9 ! ,/rang=d example & 9 ! /atues f ! temple at ,aeg9a1 %[+ t =eign art _h be5 introduc$ into ,botia by t "t4 ,9 ! example f ,volom&ra 9 ,attica1#hcf we see aff9ity to ! examples f ,!ra & ,melos1 b ,attic s(tness 9 ! c>v+ ( ! %\ld]s & 9 ! proportions4 ,9 ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea 7,pl4 #h;,a71 8by f> ! mo/ beautiful pres]v$ /atue ( ar*aic sculpture10#hcg a /atue mo/ c>efully work$1 we see a ,peloponnesian example ( ! beg9n+ ( ! six? or ev5 ( ! end ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,"h ! sculptor has %[n great c>e 9 execut+ details & 9 ! proportions4 ,! eyes are n flat1 b convex1 & are wide op5 z 9 mo/ ( ! e>li] examples4 ,! d[nw>d fl[ ( ! l9es ( ! /atue is /rik+1 :i* is caus$ by ! slop+ %\ld]s & ! elongat$ triangul>-%ap$ abdom54 ,! slimness ( ! figure1 ) ! cont\r ( bones & muscles1 is rem>kable at s e>ly a date4 ,! fa%ion+ ( ! knees is detail$4 ,:5 we contra/ ?is tall1 slim1 agile /atue ) ! massively squ>e-built ,argive type f\nd at ,delphi 7,pl4 #h;,b71 we f9d x reasonable to suspect t ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea is an import$ "w1 com+ probably f ! isl&s4#hch ,! two /atues ( 787 ,kleobis & ,biton1 discov]$ at ,delphi 9 #ahic & #ahid1 & inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ! sculptor ,polym$es ( ,argos1 h add$ mu* to our k ( e>ly ,argive sculpture 7,pl4 #h;,b1 ,/atue ,a74#hci ,?is ,polym$es may h be5 "o ( ! pr$ecessors ackn[l$g$ by ,eutelidas & ,*ryso!mis1 among ! fir/ victor /atu>ies kn[n to u by "n1 9 ! epigram pres]v$ by ,pausanias f ! base ( ! monum5t ( ,dam>etos & 8 son ,!opompos at ,olympia4#hdj ,! epigram1 9 any case1 implies t ! reputation ( ! ,argive s*ool 9 a?letic sculpture 0 already well e/abli%$ by ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,^! massively built /atues1 dat+ f ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 outl9e ! muscles to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ev5 %[+ ! l9e ( ! false ribs by incis$ l9es4 ,!y display1 h[ev]1 b little detail 9 model+1 except 9 ! knees1 :]e ! arti/ has tri$ to indicate ! bones & muscles4 ,! features ( ! l>ge heads are )\t expression2 ! l>ge eyes are flat & n convex1 z 9 ! example f ,t5ea1 ?\gh ! ,argive arti/ 01 p]haps1 lat] ?an ! ,cor9?ian "o1 & a long di/ance remov$ f ! lat] arti/ ( ! ,lig\ri bronze 7,fig4 #af71 to be discuss$ lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,/atues ( s-call$ ,apollos f ,m\nt ,ptoion4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h;,a ,a4 ,/atue ( s-call$ ,apollo ( ,t5ea4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h;,b ,b4 ,s-call$ ,argive ,apollo f ,delphi4 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,/atue kn[n z ! ,/rang=d ,apollo4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,9 all ^! 8,apollos10 :i* h be5 f\nd all ov] ! ,greek _w f ,naukratis 9 ,egypt to ,ambrakia1 & along ! ,asian coa/ & on ! ,aegean ,isles1 ! ar*aic arti/s h attempt$1 by _! model+ ( ! muscles1 especially ( ! *e/ & abdom51 to express tra9$ /r5g?4 ,! heavy ,argive examples1 :i* may be said to be ! prototypes ( ! ,lig\ri bronze & ( ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos 7,pl4 #d & ,fig4 #dh71 are 9 /rong contra/ ) ! light] type be/ repres5t$ by ! example f ,t5ea4 ,9 ! =m]1 ) _! big heads & %\ld]s & _! p[]ful arms & legs1 we may see e>ly box]s or pancratia/s2 9 ! latt] a long-limb$ runn]1 ) p[]ful *e/1 b slim & supple legs4 ,9 ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea !re is no flabb9ess nor s(tness1 & yet no emaciation4 ,we see v simil> runn]s on ,pana!naic vases4 ,betwe5 ! two extremes we h a long s]ies1 ^? f ,m\nt ,ptoion & else:]e4 ,we d n d\bt t ! e>ly /atues ( a?letes at ,olympia %[$ all ! v>iations we h discuss$ 9 ^! 8,apollos40 ,( ?is type1 !n1 7 ! /atues at ,olympia ( ! ,sp>tan ,eutelidas1 ! olde/ m5tion$ by ,pausanias1#hda ^? ( ,phrikias ( ,pel9na 9 ,!ssaly1#hdb & ( ,phanas ( ,pell5e 9 ,a*a1#hdc to :om1 lat] on 9 ?is *apt]1 we %all ascribe ! two ar*aic m>ble helmet$ heads f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #cj71 ! wood5 /atues ( ,praxidamas & ,rhexibios1#hdd ! /atue ( ,kylon on ! ,akropolis ( ,a!ns1#hde & t ( ,hetoimokles at ,sp>ta4#hdf ,! /atue ( ! fam\s wre/l] ,milo ( ,kroton by ! sculptor ,dameas1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias#hdg & describ$ by ,philo/ratos1#hdh mu/ also h con=m$ ) ! 8,apollo0 type1 ?\gh x %[$ a /ep 9 advance ( ! e>li] ones by hav+ its arms b5t at ! elb[1 ! =e>ms be+ ext5d$ horizontally outw>d4 ,?is /atue ne$s a some:at detail$ acc\nt4 ,! description ( ,philo/ratos seems to h be5 f\nd$ on ! acc\nt 9 ,pausanias#hdi ( ,milo's pr[ess1 :i*1 9 turn1 may h aris5 f ! appe>ance ( ! /atue & ! cic]one's description4 ,philo/ratos says t x /ood on a quoit ) ! feet close toge!r & ) ! left h& grasp+ a pomegranate1 ! f+]s ( ! "r h& be+ ext5d$ /raight out1 & a fillet encircl+ ! br[s4#hej ,philo/ratos has ,apollonios expla9 ! attributes ( ! /atue on ! gr\nd t ! p ( ,kroton repres5t$ _! fam\s victor 9 ! guise ( a prie/ ( ,h]a4 ,?is w\ld expla9 ! prie/ly fillet & ! pomegranate sacr$ to ! goddess1 :ile ! diskos1 on :i* ! /atue re/$1 w\ld be ! %ield on :i* ,h]a's prie/ /ood :5 pray+4 ,s*]]1 h[ev]1 rightly po9t$ out t ! /atue 9 ! ,altis 0 ( ,milo ! victor & n ! prie/4 ,he !re=e expla9$ ! diskos#hea m]ely z a r\nd basis on :i* ! /atue1 ( ! ar*aic 8,apollo0 type ) its feet close toge!r1 /ood1 & ! ta9ia z a victor b&4 ,he foll[$ ,philo/ratos 9 believ+ t ! ge/ure ( ! "r h& 0 "o ( adoration4#heb ,he look$ ^u ! object 9 ! left h& n z a pomegranate at all1 b z an alaba/ron1 a toilet article adapt$ to a victor4 ,he1 !re=e1 believ$ t ! ,apollo ( ! eld] ,kana*os ( ,sikyon1#hec ! s-call$ ,philesian ,apollo1#hed repres5t$ nude & hold+ a t9y fawn 9 ! "r h& & a b[ 9 ! left1 w\ld give a good idea ( ! pose ( ,milo's /atue4#hee ,hitzig & ,bluemn] believe ?is explanation ( ,s*]] probable1 al?\gh !y rightly disagree ) him 9 8 ex*ang+ ! pomegranate = an alaba/ron1 s9ce ,pausanias expressly m5tions a pomegranate 9 ! h& ( ano!r victor /atue at ,olympia4#hef ,pl9y speaks ( a male figure by ,py?agoras1 mala f]5tem nudum1#heg & ,lucian says apples 7 prizes at ,delphi1#heh & we "k t ,milo 0 also a ,py?ian victor4 ,! same comm5tators believe t ,pausanias' /ory ( ,milo bur/+ a cord drawn r\nd 8 br[ by swell+ 8 ve9s arose f ! victor b& on ! /atue1 & ! /ory ( ! /r5g? ( 8 f+]s f ! position ( ! f+]s on x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,pal/ra ,victor1 f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,we h se5 9 ! 8,apollo0 /atues a consid]able v>iety ( physical types4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! arti/ 0 feel+ 8 way & 0 hamp]$ by local s*ool t5d5cies4 ,at fir/ he knew only h[ to produce rigid /atues 9 ! conv5tional ,egyptian attitude ) ! arms glu$ to ! sides1 ! two halves ( ! body be+ symmetrical & ! hips on ! same level4 ,he gradually improv$ on ?is model1 mak+ ! position m ela/ic--z 9 ! /atue ( ,milo--rightly indicat+ bones & muscles & giv+ to ! figure natural proportions4 ,bulle has %[n on "o plate#hei ?ree /atuettes :i* illu/rate ! improvem5ts rea*$ 9 bronze 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,greece by ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,to ! left is repres5t$ a victori\s pal/ra gymna/--z is indicat$ by ! remnants ( akontia 9 ! h&s--9 ! ,akropolis ,museum 7,fig4 #ae72hfj 9 ! c5t] is ! ,payne ,knight /atuette ( ! ,briti% ,museum1#hfa c>ry+ a fawn 9 ! "r h&1 :i* is a copy ( ! ,philesian ,apollo :i* /ood 9 ! ,didymaion ne> ,miletos2 to ! "r is ,h]mes ) ! petasos1 %ort-gird$ tunic1 & w+$ s&als1 hold+ a ram 9 ! left & probably a k]ykeion 9 ! "r h&4#hfb ,! attributes ( ! ?ree1 !n1 atte/ respectively a victor1 ,apollo1 & ,h]mes4 ,9 all ?ree ! arms are fre$ f ! body1 & ! muscles ( ! brea/1 *e/1 & abdom5 are indicat$1 ?\gh c>elessly 9 ! case ( ! victor4 ,! proportions ( ! ?ree v>y greatly2 ! ,attic victor has a l>ge head1 broad %\ld]s1 p[]ful *e/1 long body1 & %ort legs2 ! ,apollo has long legs1 %ort] ?\gh slimm] body1 & small head2#hfc ! ,h]mes has a cle>ly outl9$ figure & %[s ! c>eful model+ s *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ools ( ,argos & ,sikyon 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,bulle %[s t ! fur!r developm5t ( ! 8,apollo0 type 0 halt$ by ! ,argive s*ool1 :i*1 :ile cont9u+ ! re/ful pose ( ^! figures1 c\nt]act$ _! rigidity by incl9+ ! head to ! side & ?r[+ ! weight unev5ly on ! legs by l[]+ "o hip & fur!r advanc+ "o foot4 ,! c5tral l9e 0 no long] v]tical1 b curv$1 & x 0 n[ possible to give great] detail to *e/ & abdom54 ,polykleitos f9ally p]fect$ ?is curve & ?rew back ! left foot1 re/+ ! weight ( ! body on ! "r--f :i* "t on we h ! regul> s*eme ( 8free0 & 8re/0 legs4 ,despite all ^! lat] improvem5ts1 ,olympic victors cont9u$ to set up /atues 9 ! re/ attitude ( ! 8,apollo0 type d[n p]haps into ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,su* d$ications 7 ! result bo? ( s*ool t5d5cies & economy1 especially 9 ! case ( eque/rian victors1 :o frequ5tly 7 cont5t to use su* 8actionless0 /atues 9 place ( gr\ps4 ,we h only to m5tion ! monum5ts ( ,timon ( ,elis1 ^: /atue 0 ! "w ( ! ,sikyonian ,daidalos1#hfd & ( ,telema*os ( ,elis1 ^: /atue 0 made by ! o!rwise unkn[n sculptor ,philonides4#hfe ,be=e sy/ematically consid]+ victor /atues at ,olympia & else:]e ) g5]al motives1 i4 e41 repres5t$ at re/1 we %all n[ rapidly sket* ! developm5t ( a?letic sculpture 9 f\r great c5tres1 ,argos1 ,sikyon1 ,aeg9a1 & ,a!ns1 ev5 ?\gh "s ( ! works m5tion$ 7 repres5t$ 9 motion4 ,sculptors ( o!r s*ools kn[n at ,olympia w be treat$ incid5tally 9 bo? ?is & ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,,! ,,affiliat$ ,,s*ools ,,( ,,argos ,,& ,,sikyon4 ,:ile 9 g5]al x is unpr(itable to discuss sculptors :o h n surely left any example ( _! art beh9d1 !re are two e>ly s*ools ( ,peloponnesian sculpture1 ^? ( ,argos & ,sikyon1 :i*1 ?\gh we may assign "w to !m only by conjecture1 c n be summ>ily pass$ ov]1 ow+ to _! great importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek a?letic art4 ,! bronze us$ 9 _! works 0 too valuable to escape ! b>b>ians1 &1 fur!rmore1 ! monotony1 :i* mu/ h *>act]iz$ e>ly ,peloponnesian sculpture1 militat$ aga9/ ^! works be+ reproduc$ to any great degree by lat] copyi/s4 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,argos4 ,! ,argive s*ool 0 devot$ ma9ly to a?letic /atu>y4 ,! greate/ "n 9 old ,argive art is t ( ,ageladas or ,hageladas1#hff ! reput$ tea*] ( ,myron & ,polykleitos1 :o liv$ f ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury into ! second qu>t] ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,:ile 8 connection ) ,myron & ,polykleitos is sc>cely to be d\bt$1#hfg 8 suppos$ connection ) ,pheidias has made ! *ronology ( ! life ( ?is sculptor "o ( ! difficult problems ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( art4 ,a s*olion on ,ari/ophanes' ,ranae1 #ejd1 dates ! /atue kn[n z ! ,h]akles ,alexikakos 9 ! ,attic deme ,melite by ,hageladas aft] ! pe/il5ce 9 ,a!ns ( #dca-dcj ,b4 ,c41 & makes ! ,argive sculptor 7,gelados ,hageladas7 ! tea*] ( ,pheidias4 ,z 8 /atue ( ! ,olympic victor ,ano*os commemorat$ a victory won 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 ?is late date is manife/ly impossible4#hfh ,fur!rmore1 a bett] tradition says t ,hegias 0 ! tea*] ( ! ,attic ma/]4#hfi ,furtwa5gl]'s attempt to %[ t ^! two div]g5t traditions 7 really 9 accord1 by ! assumption t ,hegias 0 ! pupil ( ,hageladas & t 8 art came f ! latt]--?us expla9+ c]ta9 simil>ities 9 ! "w ( ,hageladas & ,pheidias1--does n solve ! problem4#hgj ,z ! s*olion is bas$ on a good tradition1#hga ! be/ solution ( ! difficulty is t ( ,kalkmann#hgb & o!rs1 t ! ,alexikakos 0 ! "w ( a y\ng] ,hageladas1 ! gr&son ( ! fam\s ma/]1 by ! int]m$iate ,argeiadas4 ,= a l[] limit to ! activity ( ,hageladas !re seems to be no good reason = di/ru/+ ! evid5ce t he made a bronze ,zeus = ! ,mess5ians to be set up at ,naupaktos1 :i!r !y mov$ 9 #dee ,b4 ,c4#hgc ,?is makes q possible a p]iod ( collaboration ( f\r or five ye>s at lea/ betwe5 ,polykleitos & ,hageladas4 ,pausanias m5tions ! monum5ts ( ?ree victors at ,olympia by ,hageladas3 ! /atues ( ! pancratia/ ,timasi!os ( ,delphi1 :o won two victories "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #fe & #fg 7#ebj & #eab ,b4 ,c472#hgd ( ! runn] ,ano*os ( ,t>5tum1 :o won 9 ! /ade- & d\ble-race 9 ,ols4 #fe & 787 #ff 7 #ebj & #eaf ,b4 ,c472#hge & ! *>iot-gr\p ( ,kleo/h5es ( ,epidamnos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ff 7 #eaf ,b4 ,c474#hgf ,none ( ! works ( ,hageladas at ,olympia or else:]e is kn[n4 ,mess5ian co9s ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 %[ ! motives ( two ( 8 /atues1 t ( 8 ,zeus ,i?omatas j m5tion$ z be+ made = ! ,mess5ians1#hgg & ! be>dless ,zeus at ,aigion4#hgh ,h[ev]1 we inf] ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 /yle f ! bronze /atuette 9 ,b]l9 :i* 0 f\nd at ,lig\ri ne> ,epidauros 7,fig4 #af74hgi ,?is is und\bt$ly an ,argive "w contempor>y ) ! lat] p]iod ( ,hageladas4 ,furtwa5gl] & ,fro/ are "r 9 look+ ^u x z %[+ ! prototype ( ! canon ( ,polykleitos4 ,?\gh too small to c\nt z a *>act]i/ic "w ( ! e>ly ,argive s*ool1 x %[s u t ! /yle ( t s*ool 0 a %ort & /ocky type1 simil> to ,aeg9etan works1 only some:at fle%i] & heavi]4 ,! /raight m\? & heavy *91 ! treatm5t ( ! eyelids1 & ! clumsy limbs are all ar*aic features to be expect$ 9 ! p]iod prec$+ ,polykleitos4 ,! model+ is c>efully execut$1 %[+ a k ( anatomy4 ,if su* excell5ce is f\nd 9 a /atuette1 we c =m "s idea ( ! p]fection ( a /atue by ! ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--;,bronze ,/atuette1 f ,lig\ri4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i ,/atue ( an ,a?lete1 by ,/ephanos4 ,villa ,albani1 ,rome4 ,! bronze ,apollo f ,pompeii n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum1#hhj ) m>ble replicas 9 ,mantua & ,p>is1#hha %[s u h[ ,hageladas treat$ a god type1 :ile ! /atue ( an a?lete by ,/ephanos w give u "s idea ( h[ he treat$ 8 victor /atues1 z x seems to h be5 model$ aft] an a?lete /atue ( ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 p]haps aft] a "w by "s pupil ( ! ma/]4 ,/ephanos belong$ to ! s*ool ( ,pasiteles1 a gr\p ( sculptors fl\ri%+ at ,rome at ! end ( ! ,republic & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,empire4 ,!y devot$ !mselves to ! reproduction ( e>ly fif?-c5tury /atues4 ,!y 7 n ord9>y copyi/s1 = _! works %[ individual mann]isms & a sy/em ( proportions =eign to ! orig9als4 ,?us _! /atues h ! squ>e %\ld]s ( ! ,argive s*ool1 b ! slim bodies & sl5d] legs ( ! p]iod ( ,lysippos & 8 s*ol>s4 ,ap>t f su* mann]isms1 !n1 9 ! male figure sign$ ,/ephanos1 pupil ( ,pasiteles1 9 ! ,villa ,albani 9 ,rome 7,pl4 #i71hhb :i* reappe>s 9 a v simil> /atue 9 gr\ps comb9$ ) a female figure ( relat$ /yle1#hhc or ) ano!r male figure1#hhd we may see a copy ( a bronze orig9al ( ! ,argive s*ool be=e ,polykleitos4 ,! /&+ motive & ! body =ms are ! same 9 bo? ! ,mantuan ,apollo & ! ,/ephanos figure1 al?\gh ! =m] is m develop$ & ! head type is diff]5t 9 bo?2 ?is %[s t ! two1 :ile display+ ! same basic ideal1 7 n works ( ! same ma/]4#hhe ,z ! /atue by ,/ephanos has a fillet ar\nd ! hair1 x may well repres5t an ideal a?lete1 :o 9 ! orig9al held an aryballos or simil> pal/ra attribute 9 ! rais$ left h&4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! copies ( ?is gr\p ) ^? ( ano!r repres5t+ "m & son1 ! "w ( ,m5elaos1 ! pupil ( ,/ephanos1 :i*1 ?\gh transf]r$ f ,greek to ,roman ta/e 9 respect ( drap]y & =ms1 is m]ely a v>iation ( ! same !me )\t any h]oic traits4#hhf ,! influ5ce ( ,hageladas c be easily trac$ 9 o!r s*ools ( art1 especially 9 ! ,attic ,s*ool & 9 ! sculptures ( ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 :e!r ^! latt] be ,peloponnesian 9 orig9 or n4 ,x w be conv5i5t 9 ?is connection to discuss briefly ! /yle ( ^! important sculptures1 :i* we h already m5tion$ sev]al times4 ,! /atem5t ( ,pausanias1#hhg t ! sculptors ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,gables 7 ,paionios ( ,m5de 9 ,?race & ,alkam5es respectively--! latt] be+ kn[n z ! pupil ( ,pheidias#hhh--0 n d\bt$ until ! discov]y ( ! ,olympia sculptures4#hhi ,!n d\bts arose bo? on *ronological & /yli/ic gr\nds1 & n[ only a few ar*ologi/s w\ld ma9ta9 t ei!r arti/ _h any?+ to d ) ^! gr\ps4 ,! /yle ( ! two gables 7z well z t ( ! metopes7 is s simil> t _m h assign$ !m to "o & ! same arti/4#hij ,!y h be5 ref]r$ to _m s*ools f ,ionia to ,sicily1 ev5 includ+ a local ,elean "o4 ,?us ,brunn assign$ !m to a ,nor? ,greek-,?racian s*ool2 ,flas*#hia & 7m rec5tly7 ,j\b9#hib to ! ,attic2 ,kekul#hic & ,fri$ri*s-,wolt]s#hid to a ,we/ ,greek 7,sicilian7 "o1 because ( _! simil>ity to ! metopes ( temple ,e at ,sel9os2 ,furtwa5gl]#hie to an ,ionic "o 7,p>ian ma/]s74 ,mo/ s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 includ+ ,k4 ,lange1#hif ,treu1#hig ,/udniczka1#hih ,collignon1#hii & ,ov]beck1#ijj h ref]r$ !m to ,peloponnesian sculptors4#ija ,to return to ! art ( ,hageladas3 if we assume t ! ,lig\ri bronze comes f ! s*ool ( t ,argive ma/] c]ta9 conclusions mu/ be drawn4 ,! figure is ar*aic1 b does n h ! ar*aic smile4 ,9 ,a!ns at ! end ( ! ar*aic p]iod !re 0 a reaction aga9/ ?is smile1 & d\btless ! ,a!nian arti/s 7 /rongly influ5c$ by ,argive models4 ,?us an ar*aic bronze head ( a y\?1 f\nd on ! ,akropolis & dat+ f ab\t #dhj ,b4 ,c41 %[s a s]i\s m\?1 a /rong *91 heavy upp] eyelids1 & f9ely work$ hair1 *>act]i/ics :i* we f\nd 9 ! ,lig\ri /atuette4 ,^! traits %[ t ! /atuette & ! head 7 ! =]unn]s ( ! ,apollo ( ! ,we/ ,gable at ,olympia4 ,s f9i%$ a bronze z ?is "o f ! ,akropolis1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 has incl9$ ,ri*>dson to look ^u x z 8n improbably a "w ( ,hageladas10#ijb ?\gh "h aga9 ,furtwa5gl] w\ld ascribe x to ,hegias4#ijc ,! ,p>ian m>ble /atue ( an ephebe f\nd on ! ,akropolis 7,fig4 #ag7ijd--"o ( ! mo/ beautiful recov]$ dur+ ! excavations !re--%[s ! same ,argive influ5ce4 ,?is /atue is *ronologically ! fir/ ma/]piece1 ?us f> recov]$1 :i* m>ks ! break ) ar*aism by hav+ its head turn$ slightly to "o side4#ije ,x has ! same pose z ! ,a?lete by ,/ephanos & probably repres5ts a pal/ra victor4 ,! head1 ) its heavy *91 & ! muscul> body /rik+ly resemble ! ,h>modios 7,fig4 #cb71 :i* has l$ ,furtwa5gl] & o!rs to ascribe x to ,kritios or 8 s*ool4#ijf ,at ! same "t a simil>ity is se5 betwe5 ?is head & t ( ! ,apollo ( ! ,we/ ,gable at ,olympia1 & s ) ,bulle & o!rs we ascribe x to ! ,argive s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,/atue ( an ,ephebe1 f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,"o ( ! female /atues 7,korai7 f\nd on ! ,akropolis1 & approximately ( ! same date z ! ephebe1 viz1 ! fragm5t>y "o consi/+ ( head & bu/ & kn[n popul>ly z la petite b\deuse1 %[s ! same revolt aga9/ ,ionism4#ijg ,9 _m respects ?is /atue is v diff]5t f mo/ ( ! o!r ,akropolis ,korai4 ,! eyes are n yet set back naturally1 b ! appe>ance ( dep? is atta9$ by ?ick5+ ! eyelids1 q 9 contra/ ) ! model+ ( ! eyeball 9 mo/ ( ! o!r /atues4 ,! corn]s ( ! m\? turn d[n1 :i* gives x ! appe>ance ( p\t+4 ,?is /atue is also our fir/ example 9 sculpture ( ! s-call$ ,greek pr(ile--! nose cont9u+ ! l9e ( ! =ehead4 ,! same ,argive influ5ce 9 ,a!nian art is also disc]nible 9 ! ,p>ian m>ble head ( an a?lete ) traces ( yell[ 9 ! hair 7,fig4 #ah71ijh :i* may be dat$ a little lat] ?an ! ,akropolis ephebe--ab\t #dgj ,b4 ,c4 ,because ( its resemblance to ! ,apollo ( ,olympia1 its ,attic-,peloponnesian orig9 seems cle>4#iji ,its expression is comp>able ) t ( ! ,kore j discuss$--z x has ! same m\?1 eyes1 & nose1 bo? monum5ts %[+ ! reaction aga9/ ! ar*aic smile1 :i* *>act]iz$ ! ,ionian p]iod ( ,attic art4 ,?is same ,ionic reaction also may be se5 9 ! bronze /atuette ( a diskobolos 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 7,fig4 #df71iaj :i* resembles 9 /yle t ( ! ,tyrannicides1 b %[s also ,argive traits4 ,^! ,argive traits1 small head & sl5d] limbs1 are easily se5 by comp>+ ?is /atuette ) ! ,lig\ri bronze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,head ( an ,ephebe1 f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! monum5tal gr\p ( ! hoplite victor ,dam>etos & ( ! p5ta?lete ,!opompos1 :i* 0 made ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c4 by ! ,argive sculptors ,*ryso!mis & ,eutelidas4#iaa ,^! arti/s 7 kn[n to lat] antiquity only by ! epigram inscrib$ on ! base ( ?is monum5t at ,olympia1 & ! probable dates ( ! two victories ( ,!opompos1 ,ols4 787 #fi & #gj 7 #ejd & #ejj ,b4 ,c471 %[ t !y 7 contempor>ies ( ,hageladas1 & n1 z =m]ly 0 believ$1 ! =]unn]s ( 8 s*ool4#iab ,polykleitos1 a ,sikyonian by bir?1#iac migrat$ e>ly to ,argos to become ! pupil ( ,hageladas1 & became ! great ma/] ( ! ,argive s*ool 9 ! next g5]ation aft] him4 ,we h f\r /atues by him at ,olympia4 ,8 e>lie/ "w probably 0 ! /atue ( ! box] ,kyniskos ( ,mant9ea1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c472 he made ! /atues ( ! ,elean p5ta?lete ,py?okles & ( ! ,epidamnian box] ,ari/ion1 bo? ( :om won _! victories 9 ,ol4 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c472 & la/ly he made ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,!rsilo*os f ,k]kyra1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #hg 7 #dcb ,b4 ,c47#iad ,! footpr9ts on ! ?ree recov]$ bases ( ! /atues ( ! fir/ ?ree %[ t all 7 repres5t$ at re/4 ,( ,patrokles1 ! bro!r ( ,polykleitos1 ,pausanias m5tions no /atues at ,olympia1 ?\gh ,pl9y says t he made a?lete /atues4#iae ,( ,naukydes1#iaf ! nephew or bro!r ( ,polykleitos1 we h record ( ?ree a?lete /atues at ,olympia3 ^? ( ! wre/l]s ,*eimon ( ,argos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c471 & ,baukis ( ,trz51 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #he & #ij 7 #ddj & #dbj ,b4 ,c472 also "o ( ! box] ,eukles ( ,rhodes1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ij & #ic 7 #dbj & #djh ,b4 ,c474#iag ,a contempor>y ( ,naukydes 0 ! sculptor ,phradmon1 :o1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 0 a contempor>y ( ,polykleitos2#iah he made ! /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,am]tas ( ,elis1 :o won a victory "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #hd & #ij 7 #ddd & #dbj ,b4 ,c474#iai ,9 ! next c5tury1 ,polykleitos ,m9or1 ! gr&son or gr&nephew ( ! great ,polykleitos1 & ! pupil ( ,naukydes1#ibj _h ?ree /atues at ,olympia3 ^? ( ! boy box] ,antipatros ( ,miletos1 ^: victory is giv5 by ,africanus z ,ol4 #ih 7 #chh ,b4 ,c472 ( ! two boy wre/l]s ,ag5or ( ,!bes1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ic & #ajc 7 #djh & #cfh ,b4 ,c471 & ,x5okles ( ,ma9alos1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #id & #ajj 7 #djd & #chj ,b4 ,c474#iba ,! inscrib$ base ( ! latt] has be5 recov]$ & ! footpr9ts %[ t ! /atue 0 repres5t$ at re/1 ! body re/+ equally on bo? feet1 ! left slightly advanc$4 ,&reas1 a second-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,argive sculptor1 made a /atue at ,olympia ( ! boy wre/l] ,lysippos ( ,elis1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #adi & #aeg 7 #ahd & #aeb ,b4 ,c474#ibb ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,sikyon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( ,apollo1 f\nd 9 ! ,sea (f ,piomb9o4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,! ,sikyonian s*ool ( bronze f\nd]s 0 closely affiliat$ ) ! "o at ,argos4 ,e>ly 9 ! ar*aic p]iod ! bro!rs ,dipo9os & ,skyllis1 sons or pupils ( ! my?ical ,daidalos ( ,crete1 migrat$ to ,sikyon4#ibc ,a g5]ation lat] ano!r ,cretan sculptor1 ,ari/okles1 f\nd$ !re an arti/ family :i* la/$ ?r\gh sev5 or eight g5]ations4#ibd ,8 two gr&sons ,ari/okles & ,kana*os are kn[n to h collaborat$ ) ,hageladas on a gr\p ( ?ree ,muses4#ibe ,_m h se5 9 ! small bronze f\nd 9 ! sea (f ,piomb9o1 ,tuscany1 & n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #ai71ibf a copy ( ! ,apollo ,philesios1 ! be/-kn[n "w ( ,kana*os4 ,?is gem ( ! bronze art1 9 true ar*aic /yle1 may v well repres5t ! ,apollo1 :i*1 accord+ to ! description ( ,pl9y#ibg & ! evid5ce ( ,milesian copp] co9s ( all p]iods1#ibh _h z attributes a fawn 9 ! out/ret*$ "r h& & a b[ 9 ! left4 ,h[ev]1 ,ov]beck1#ibi foll[$ by von ,ma*1 believes t x is n a copy ( ,kana*os' ,apollo1 b m]ely repres5ts a boy assi/+ at a sacrifice1 & t ! orig9al held a cup 9 ! left h& & a sauc] 9 ! "r4 ,9 any case ! /atuette is too inaccurate to give u m ?an ! pose ( ! ,apollo ( ,kana*os1 ev5 if x 7 prov$ to be a copy4 ,x may be m]ely a reproduction ( ! my?ological type ( ,apollo1 :i* ! arti/ himself foll[$1 & s we c n say def9itely to :at s*ool x belongs4 ,! ,payne ,knight bronze 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#icj :i* holds a t9y fawn 9 ! "r h&1 ! b[ orig9ally 9 ! left h& be+ lo/1 has bett] pret5sions1 p]haps1 to be a copy ( ! ,apollo4 ,ano!r ar*aic half life-size bronze1 =m]ly 9 ! ,palazzo ,sci>ra1#ica is ( a simil> type1 ?\gh its /yle is diff]5t4 ,ano!r bronze /atuette f ,naxos1 n[ 9 ,b]l91#icb %[s ! same position ( ! h&s1 b has an aryballos or pomegranate 9 ! "r h&4 ,we h already class$ x z an example ( ! conv]sion ( an orig9al god-type into t ( a victor4 ,we might also m5tion ! mutilat$ torso f\nd by ,holleaux at ! sanctu>y ( ,apollo ,ptoios 9 ,botia 7,fig4 #ab1 "r71 :i* has a simil> pose to t ( ! /atuette f ,piomb9o1 & ^: hair te*nique %[s t x is an imitation ( a bronze "w4#icc ,h[ev]1 z we %all see lat]1 x may be r repres5tative ( ! ,aeg9etan s*ool ( sculptors4 ,all ^! works may tell u ( ! g5]al "* ( ! ,apollo1 b little ( its /yle4#icd ,no a?lete /atue by ,ari/okles or 8 bro!r ,kana*os is kn[n to h /ood at ,olympia4 ,t ! latt] actually made victor /atues1 h[ev]1 is prov$ by ,pl9y's /atem5t 7l4 c47 t he made celetizontas pu]os4 ,( ! lat] ,sikyonian s*ool we h tw5ty-sev5 /atues ( victors made by elev5 diff]5t sculptors1 ^: dates range f ne> ! end ( ! f\r? d[n into ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ( :om we %all give a *ronological li/4 ,alypos1 ! pupil ( ! ,argive ,naukydes1 _h f\r /atues at ,olympia3 ^? ( ! wre/l] ,symma*os ( ,elis1 ( ! boy box] ,neoladas ( ,ph5eus1 ( ! boy wre/l] ,ar*$amos ( ,elis1 & ( ! boy & man wre/l] ,eu?ym5es ( ,ma9alos1 all ( :om mu/ h won _! victories "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #id & #ajd 7 #djd & #cfd ,b4 ,c474#ice ,kana*os1 ! ,y\ng]1 made "o /atue1 t ( ! boy box] ,bykelos ( ,sikyon1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ib & #aje 7 #dab & #cfj ,b4 ,c474#icf ,olympos made ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,x5ophon ( ,aigion1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ie & #aje 7 #djj & #cfj ,b4 ,c474#icg ,! sculptor ,daidalos1 ! son & pupil ( ,patrokles1 & probably ! nephew ( ,polykleitos1 made f\r monum5ts = f\r victors3 ! eque/rian gr\p ( ! ,elean *>iote] ,timon & 8 son ,aigyptos1 a victor 9 horse-rac+1 & /atues ( ! ,elean wre/l] ,ari/odemos & ! /ade-runn] ,eupolemos4 ,_! victories fell betwe5 ,ols4 #if & #ajc 7 #cif & #cfh ,b4 ,c474#ich ,damokritos made ! /atue ( ! ,elean boy box] ,hippos1 :o won betwe5 ,ols4 #if & #ajg 7 #cif & #ceb ,b4 ,c474#ici ,kleon _h five /atues cr$it$ to him1 all b "o be+ ( boy victors3 ^? ( ! boy runn] ,de9olo*os ( ,elis1 ! p5ta?lete ,hysmon ( ,elis1 ! two boy box]s ,kritodamos1 & ( ,alketos ( ,kleitor1 & ( ! boy runn] ,lyk9os ( ,h]aia4 ,_! victories fell betwe5 ,ols4 #id & #ajc 7 #djd & #cfh ,b4 ,c474#idj ,! great ,lysippos _h ! same numb] ( victor /atues z ,kleon1 & also two honor /atues at ,olympia3 ^? ( ! eque/rian victor ,troilos ( ,elis1 ( ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/ ,phil&ridas1 ( ! wre/l] ,*eilon ( ,patrai1 ( ! pancratia/ ,polydamas ( ,skot\ssa1 & ( ! hoplite-runn] ,kallikrates4 ,_! victories occurr$ betwe5 ,ols4 #ajb & #aae 7 #cgb & #cbj ,b4 ,c474#ida ,! son ( ,lysippos1 ,dappos1 made two /atues1 "o = ! ,elean boy box] ,kallon & ! o!r = ! ,elean ,nik&ros1 :o won ! d\ble foot-race4 ,_! victories fell )9 ! activity ( ! sculptor1 ,ols4 #aae & #abe 7 #cbj & #bhj ,b4 ,c474#idb ,daitondas made ! /atue ( ! ,elean boy box] ,!otimos1 :o won 8 victory "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #aaf & #abj 7 #caf & #cjj ,b4 ,c474#idc ,euty*ides1 ! mo/ fam\s pupil ( ,lysippos1 fam$ alike z a bronze f\nd]1 /atu>y1 & pa9t]1 c>v$ ! /atue ( ! boy runn] ,timo/h5es ( ,elis1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #aae & #abe 7 #cbj & #bhj ,b4 ,c474#idd ,pl9y gives ,ol4 #aba 7 #bif ,b4 ,c47 z ! floruit ( ?is sculptor1 :i* 0 probably ! date ( ! erection ( 8 mo/ fam\s "w1 ! colossal bronze ,ty*e1 z tutel>y deity ( ! city ( ,antio* on ! ,orontes1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ,seleukos ,i 9 ,ol4 #aai4c 7 #cjb ,b4 ,c474#ide ,?is %[s t ,euty*ides 0 already by t date a fam$ sculptor1 hav+ begun 8 c>e] by #ccj-cbj ,b4 ,c4 ,kan?>os1 ! pupil ( ,euty*ides1 made ! /atues ( ! two boy wre/l]s ,krat9os ( ,aigira & ,alex9ikos ( ,elis1 :o won _! victories "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #abj & #acj 7 #cjj & #bfj ,b4 ,c474#idf ,,g9etan ,,sculptors4 ,we h b little left ( ! prom95t e>ly ,aeg9etan s*ool ( bronze sculptors4 ,( ,kallon1 ! e>lie/ hi/orical sculptor ( ! s*ool1 ! reput$ pupil ( ,tektaios & ,angelion 7:o 9 turn 7 ! pupils ( ,dipo9os & ,skyllis71 we h only lit]>y evid5ce4 ,he 0 typical ( ar*aic sev]ity j prior to ! era ( transition1 & !re=e %\ld be comp>$ ) ,hegias ( ,a!ns & ,kana*os ( ,sikyon4 ,= ,onatas1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ! ,aeg9etan sculptors1 ^: floruit 0 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we h evid5ce ( _m monum5ts at ,olympia4 ,besides ! colossal ,h]akles d$icat$ by ! ,?asians1#idg a ,h]mes d$icat$ by ! p ( ,ph5eus1#idh & a l>ge gr\p ( n9e /atues ( ,greek h]oes /&+ on a curv$ base fac$ by a /atue ( ,ne/or on ano!r1 ! gr\p be+ d$icat$ by ! ,a*aians1#idi he made a *>iot & *>iote] to commemorate ! victory ( ,hi]o ( ,syracuse at ,olympia 9 #dfh ,b4 ,c41 = :i* monum5t ,kalamis furni%$ two horses4#iej ,glaukias made a bronze *>iot = ,hi]o's bro!r ,gelo ( ,gela1 :o lat] became tyrant ( ,syracuse1 & :o won a *>iot victory 9 ,ol4 #gc 7 #dhh ,b4 ,c474#iea ,?is sculptor also excell$ 9 fa%ion+ /atues ( box]s & pancratia/s1 mak+ ! monum5ts ( ! box]s ,philon ( ,k]kyra & ,glaukos ( ,k>y/os1 & t ( ! r5[n$ box] & pancratia/ ,!ag5es ( ,?asos4#ieb ,! /atue ( ,glaukos 0 repres5t$ 9 ! s*ema ( "o 8sp>r+0 771#iec & s 0 9 movem5t & n at re/4 ,we h a?lete /atues by ?ree o!r ,aeg9etan sculptors at ,olympia4 ,?us ,ptoli*os1 ! pupil ( ! ,sikyonian ,ari/okles1 set up /atues ( ! ,aeg9etan boy wre/l] ,!ognetos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c471 & ( ! boy box] ,epikradios ( ,mant9ea1 :o won betwe5 ,ols4 787 #gb & #gd 7 #dib & #dhd ,b4 ,c472#ied ,s]ambos made ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,agiadas ( ,elis1 :o won betwe5 ,ols4 787 #gb & #gd2iee ,philotimos made ! horse = ! horse-rac+ victory ( ,x5ombrotos ( ,kos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c474#ief ,all ( ^! sculptors appe> to h us$ bronze exclusively1 & _! art1 ?\gh indep5d5t1 %[$ a bias t[>d ,peloponnesian "w4 ,!re are few examples left ( ?is art4 ,! bronze head ( a be>d$ w>rior or hoplite victor f\nd on ! ,akropolis1 if we are ju/ifi$ 9 class+ x z ,aeg9etan & n ,attic1 %[s ! excell5ce :i* we associate ) ?is s*ool4#ieg ,! delicate execution ( its hair & be>d1 z well z ! /r5g? & precision ( ?is head1 makes x n unwor?y ( be+ ascrib$ to "o ( ! be/ arti/s ( ! s*ool1 p]haps to ,onatas himself4 ,! be>dless bronze head discov]$ 9 #agef 9 ! villa ( ! ,pisos 9 ,h]culaneum1 n[ 9 ,naples1 has also be5 assign$ to ,onatas1 z its features are simil> to ^? ( ! "o "u discussion4#ieh ,! ,tux bronze /atuette ( a hoplitodrome1 to be discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,,iv 7,fig4 #db71 has also be5 assign$ to an ,aeg9etan ma/]4#iei ,! m>ble /atue kn[n z ! ,/rang=d ,apollo 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 already m5tion$ 7,fig4 #ad71ifj may %[ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! e>ly s*ool 9 m>ble1 ?\gh x is impossible to say :e!r x is a copy ( a bronze orig9al or a m9or "w 9 /one "u ,aeg9etan influ5ce4 ,! small] 8,apollo0 f ,m\nt ,ptoion1 already discuss$ 7,fig4 #ac1 "r71#ifa appe>s to %[ 9 exagg]at$ =m ! same ,aeg9etan traits4 ,h[ev]1 we get out be/ notion ( ,aeg9etan "w 9 m>ble f ! gable /atues 9 ! ,muni* ,museum1 repres5t+ ,hom]ic w>riors fight+1 :i* adorn$ ! temple ( ,aphaia 9 ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! isl&4 ,_! importance 9 ?is connection calls = a brief acc\nt ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,figure1 f ! ,ea/ ,p$im5t ( ! ,temple on ,aeg9a4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ^! gr\ps by an int]national p>ty ( ,engli%m5 & ,g]mans 9 #ahaa1 & _! re/oration soon aft] _! arrival 9 ,muni* by ! sculptor ,?orwalds51 _m new fragm5ts h be5 discov]$ by ,furtwa5gl] dur+ 8 excavations ( ! temple site 9 #aija1 & h be5 incorporat$ into ! exi/+ figures 9 ! ,glypto!k4 ,8 recon/ruction1 ?\gh n def9itive1 is m 9 accord ) arti/ic probability ?an any t prec$$4#ifb ,z we %\ld expect f ! a?letic tradition ( ! ,aeg9etan s*ool ( sculpture j outl9$1 ^! sculptures repres5t f9ely tra9$ nude a?letes1 ^: model+ %[s great obs]vation ( nature1 especially 9 ! treatm5t ( muscles & ve9s4 ,9 fact x has be5 truly said t anatomical k 0 nev] express$ aga9 9 ,greek art s simply & naturally4 ,! figures1 )\t any excess ( fle%1 are slightly "u life-size1 %ort & /ocky--%\ld]s squ>e1 b ! wai/s sl5d] & ! legs long 9 proportion to ! bodies--& )al are v compact & full ( /r5g?4 ,! figures ( ! two p$im5ts diff] slightly1 ! ea/]n be+ m develop$ ?an ! we/]n4 ,brunn1 long ago1 argu+ f ! /ele ( ,ari/ion1 :i* !n 0 ! be/ example extant ( ar*aic ,attic art1 %[$ h[ t art 0 *>act]iz$ by grace & dignity ( effect1 :ile ,aeg9etan art 0 *>act]iz$ by a f9] /udy ( nature4 ,?is g5]alization is no long] a matt] ( inf]5ce1 b ( k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,two ,figures1 f ! ,we/ ,p$im5t ( ! ,temple on ,aeg9a4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,^! gr\ps repres5t ! highe/ p]iod ( ,aeg9etan art4 ,!y h be5 dat$ any:]e f ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 d[n to a p]iod aft] ! battle ( ,salamis4#ifc ,probably a date j aft] t battle is correct1 z ,aeg9etans won prizes ( valor !re4#ifd ,any attempt to assign !m to ?is or t arti/ is m]ely conjectural4 ,! g5]al simil>ity 9 subject to t ( ! ,delphi gr\p by ,onatas1 :i* repres5t$ ! dea? 9 battle ( ,opis1 ! k+ ( ! b>b>ian ,iapygians1 at ! h&s ( ! ,t>5t9es1#ife & ! gr\p at ,olympia already m5tion$ z repres5t+ a ,trojan subject1 l$ e>li] s*ol>s to assign ! slightly m advanc$ /atues ( ! ,ea/ ,p$im5t to ,onatas & ! m ar*aic ones ( ! ,we/ ,p$im5t to ,kallon4 ,b we "k bo? ^! sculptors only z bronze work]s4 ,! viol5t action ( "s ( ! figures rem9ds u at once ( ,pausanias' description ( ! /atue ( ! box] ,glaukos by ! sculptor ,glaukias1 :i* we h already m5tion$4 ,b on ! :ole1 ?\gh !y are viol5t1 ! slight proportions ( ^! a?letic figures d n fit ! appe>ance ( box]s & pancratia/s1 :i*1 z we h se51 =m$ ! /aple ( ,aeg9etan sculptors1 b r ^? ( runn]s4 ,we see a good wre/l] 9 ! ,snat*] ( ! ,ea/ ,gable 7,fig4 #bj71iff & ! correspond+ figure 9 ! "r half ( ! same gable4#ifg ,! ,*ampion ( ! ,we/ gable 7,fig4 #ba1 left71#ifh ( ! f9e/ ,p>ian m>ble1 repres5t$ z lung+ =w>d1 press+ on ! enemy arm$ ) helm1 spe>1 & %ield1 w\ld pass z a good example ( a hoplitodrome1 f> fre] & m individual ?an ! w>rior f ,dodona4 ,,attic ,,sculptors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,ar*aic ,m>ble ,head ( a ,y\?4 ,jakobs5 ,collection1 ,ny-,c>lsb]g ,museum1 ,cop5hag54 ,ow+ to ! ,p]sian sack ( ! ,a!nian ,akropolis 9 #dhj & #dgi ,b4 ,c41 & ! subsequ5t burial ( works ( art !re & _! r$iscov]y by ! excavations ( #ahhe-ahhi1 we "k m ( ar*aic ,attic sculpture 7#fjj-dhj ,b4 ,c47 ?an ( any o!r e>ly s*ool4#ifi ,we h already m5tion$ c]ta9 ,attic works :i* %[ ! influ5ce ( ! sev]] ,argive s*ool--la petite b\deuse1 ! head ( ! yell[-hair$ ephebe 7,fig4 #ah71 ! ,akropolis a?lete /atue 7,fig4 #ag71 etc4--:i* 0 prom95t at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 works :i* c be attribut$ to ,hegias1 ,kritios1 & _! associates4 ,!y illu/rate ! reaction aga9/ ,ionic ta/e1 an influ5ce :i* came f ,asia ,m9or & ! isl&s1 especially aft] ! fall ( ! ,lydian ,empire ( ,crsus1 & :i* = a "t subm]g$ native ,attic art4 ,?is ,ionic art 0 *>act]iz$ by great te*nical ability1 & by ri* drap]ies & decorative effect4 ,! ar*aic smile 0 its special feature4 ,ionism is be/ repres5t$ by "s ( ! ,akropolis ,korai4#igj ,9 a?letic art we see ,ionism at its flood tide 9 ! ,ramp9 head f\nd 9 ,a!ns 9 #ahgg1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 :i* corresponds 9 /yle ) "s ( ! e>li] female /atues ( ! ,akropolis4#iga ,?is head has a m elaborate frisure ?an any ( ! female heads &1 9 fact1 ! elaborate treatm5t ( ! hair ( ! cr[n & =ehead is m suitable to a female ?an a male /atue4 ,! be>d is c>efully plait$1 :ile traces ( r$ seem to %[ t ! mu/a*e 0 pa9t$ on4 ,simil> traces ( color appe> on ! be>d & hair4 ,! smil+ m\?1 high e>s1 & almond eyes recall _m ar*aic works1 b especially ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea 7,pl4 #h;,a74 ,! g>l& ( oak leaves above ! frisure ( ! =ehead may sugge/ a victor1#igb or p]haps a prie/ or assi/ant on "s religi\s embassy4#igc ,! turn+ ( ! neck--z 9 ! ephebe /atue ( ! ,akropolis 7,fig4 #ag7--%[s a break at ?is e>ly "t ) ar*aism4 ,ano!r "w illu/rat+ ,ionism is ! fragm5t ( a grave-/ele f\nd ne> ! ,dipylon gate 9 #ahgc & dat+ f ! second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#igd ,x repres5ts ! head ( an a?lete 9 pr(ile1 ! y\? hold+ a diskos 9 8 left h&1 s plac$ t 8 head is project$ ^u x 9 relief z on a nimbus4 ,! top ( ! head is brok5 (f1 b we see ! usual ar*aic features 9 ! face--! almond-%ap$ eye 79 pr(ile71 big nose ) knob-l no/rils1 ?ick lips ) ! ar*aic smile1 retreat+ *9 & =ehead1 & high e> ) a huge lobe4 ,! neck & *91 h[ev]1 are full ( grace & /r5g?1 z is also ! sl5d] ?umb outl9$ aga9/ ! diskos4 ,z ! /ele broad5s d[nw>d1#ige ! figure appe>s to h be5 repres5t$ ) ! feet ap>t1 & s may h repres5t$ a pal/ra diskobolos on p>ade1#igf & is1 !re=e1 our e>lie/ repres5tation ( su* an a?lete4 ,a simil> dress-p>ade pose is se5 on ! /ele ( ,ari/ion 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,a!ns1 ! "w ( ! sculptor ,ari/okles1 :i* repres5ts a w>rior ) a spe> 9 ! left h&4#igg ,ano!r torso ( an ephebe 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum repres5ts ,ionic "w f ,p>os4#igh ,ano!r head1 ! s-call$ ,rayet head 9 ! ,jakobs5 collection 9 ,cop5hag51 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable specim5s ( ,greek ar*aic art#igi 7,fig4 #bb71 some:at lat] 9 date ?an ! ,ramp9 head1 repres5ts q a diff]5t t5d5cy 9 ,attic art4 ,:ile ! ,ramp9 head repres5ts ,ionic influ5ce1 ?is head repres5ts pure ,attic "w untrammel$ by =eign influ5ce1 a true developm5t ( ! old ,attic sculpture 9 poros1 ! be/ examples ( :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! decorative sculptures ( ! ,old ,temple ( ,a!na on ! ,akropolis1 enl>g$ by ! ,peisi/ratidai4 ,comp>+ x ) ! head ( ! ,a!na ( ! gable ( t temple1#ihj we see great simil>ity 9 ! simple execution & res]ve 9 ! treatm5t ( details--*>act]i/ics ( pure ,attic sculpture--especially 9 ! deep l9es on ei!r side ( ! m\? 9 ! ,jakobs5 head4 ,! hair is pictorially treat$ l a cap1 traces ( r$ appe>+ on x z well z on ! lips & eyes4 ,! ,cop5hag5 & ,ramp9 heads1 toge!r ) ! fam\s portrait head 9 ! old ,sab\r(f collection1#iha & ! head ( a woman 9 ! ,l\vre1#ihb =m our be/ examples ( old ,attic art outside ( ! museums ( ,a!ns4#ihc ,! swoll5 e>s ( ! ,jakobs5 head %[ t x is f ! fun]>y /atue ( a victor1 p]haps a box]4 ,furtwa5gl] wrongly class$ x z a portrait head4#ihd ,a mu* discuss$ ,attic "w is ! ar*aic relief ( a *>iote] 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum 7,fig4 #fc74ihe ,?is 0 =m]ly ?\ght 7e4 g41 by ,s*rad]7 to be a block f ! lat] ,ionic frieze ( ! old ,hekatomp$on :i* _m believe surviv$ ! ,p]sian sack1 b x is m likely a "p ( a frieze belong+ to a small %r9e or alt>4 ,x repres5ts a drap$ p]son ent]+ a two-horse *>iot ) ! left foot1 ! h&s out/ret*$ to hold ! re9s1 ! head & body lean+ =w>d4 ,because ( ! krobylos treatm5t ( ! hair1 fitt$ = bo? sexes1 & ! long fl[+ robe1 ! sex has be5 ne$lessly d\bt$1 "s call+ x an ,apollo or a mortal *>iote]1 o!rs an ,a!na or a ,nike1 ev5 ?\gh ! l9e ( ! brea/1 s f> z x is visible1 %[s no fullness1 & ! long *iton is common 9 repres5tations ( male *>iote]s4#ihf ,h[ev]1 = ! appreciation ( ! relief x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r ! figure is male or female4 ,x may be m]ely a d$icatory (f]+ ( a ,pana!naic victor 9 *>iot rac+1 v possibly assimilat$ to ! type ( ,apollo1#ihg z ! god (t5 appe>s 9 vase-pa9t+s ( ! same p]iod 9 simil> co/ume m\nt+ a *>iot4#ihh ,we %all discuss its int]pretation m fully lat] on4#ihi ,:ile ,ionism 0 prone to repres5t ri*ly drap$ figures :i* conceal$ ! =m ( ! body1 we see 9 ?is relief1 ) its f9e model+1 a sugge/ion ( ! =m b5ea? ! folds ( ! g>m5t1 & s1 p]haps1 only ano!r example ( an ,attic ma/] rebell+ aga9/ ali5 influ5ce4#iij ,at ,olympia we h no names ( ,a!nian sculptors prior to ! ,p]sian w> p]iod4 ,kalamis help$ ,onatas ) ! monum5t ( ,k+ ,hi]o already m5tion$4 ,mikon made a /atue ( a pancratia/1 ,kallias ( ,a!ns1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c474#iia ,! great ,myron1 ( :om we %all speak at l5g? 9 ! next *apt]1 made five /atues ( victors1 :i* 7 erect$ betwe5 ,ols4 #gg & #hd 7 #dgb & #ddd ,b4 ,c474#iib ,only f\r lat] ,a!nian arti/s are m5tion$3 ,silanion ( ! f\r? c5tury1 :o made /atues = ?ree victors1 ^: victories rang$ f ,ols4 #ajb to #aad 7 #cgb to #cbd ,b4 ,c472#iic ,polykles ! ,eld]1 :o made ! /atue ( ! boy pancratia/ ,amyntas ( ,eresos1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #adf 7 #aif ,b4 ,c472#iid ,tim>*ides & ,timokles1 ! sons ( ,polykles1 :o 9 common made ! /atue ( ! box] ,ages>*os ( ,tritaia 9 ,a*aia1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #adc 7 #bjh ,b4 ,c47#iie ,,g5]al ,,motives ,,( ,,/atues ,,at ,,re/4 ,! victor repres5t$ z /&+ at re/ 0 (t5 *>act]iz$ by g5]al motives1 su* z pray+1 ano9t+ or scrap+ himself1 (f]+ libations1 & ! l4 ,we %all n[ consid] su* motives 9 detail4 ,,adoration ,,& ,,pray]4 ,pray] 0 a common motive repres5t$ 9 votive monum5ts4 ,pl9y m5tions _m su* works by ,greek sculptors4#iif ,! cu/om ( rais+ ! arms 9 pray] is f\nd all ?r\gh ,greek lit]ature1 f ,hom] d[n4#iig ,pausanias says t ! p ( ,akragas made an (f]+ 9 ! =m ( bronze /atues ( boys plac$ on ! walls ( ! ,altis1 1 ^! /atues be+ ! "w ( ,kalamis4#iih ,9 ! ,a!nian ,asklepieion !re 7 _m 1 among :i* 7 repres5tations ( m5 & wom5 9 ! pray+ attitude4#iii ,! motive 0 us$ at ,olympia 9 victor /atues1 repres5t+ ! victor z rais+ ! h& 9 pray] to invoke victory4#ajjj ,! /atue ( ! wre/l] ,milo1 already discuss$ at l5g?1 %[s t ?is motive 0 employ$ at ,olympia 9 ! improv$ 8,apollo0 type 9 ! second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ajja ,f ! next c5tury we may cite ! /atue ( ! ,sp>tan *>iot victor ,anax&ros1 :i* 0 repres5t$ z 8pray+ to ! god10#ajjb & ! /atues ( ! ,rhodian box]s ,diagoras & ,ak\silaos1 z we le>n f a s*olion on ,p9d>1#ajjc :i* is bas$ on a fragm5t ( ,ari/otle#ajjd & on "o ( ,apollas4#ajje ,( ! /atue ( ,diagoras x says3 1 2 ( t ( ,ak\silaos3 1 4#ajjf ,! bronze /atue f ,a!ns1 n[ 9 ! ,antiqu>ium1 ,b]l91#ajjg :i* repres5ts a nude boy ) ! "r h& rais$ z if 9 pray] & ! left l[]$ & hold+ a leap+-weight--!re=e a p5ta?lete--seems to correspond ) ?is description ( ! /atue ( ,ak\silaos4 ,! same motive may h be5 us$ 9 ! /atue ( ! *>iot victress ,kyniska1 a pr9cess ( ,sp>ta1 ^: /atue along ) t ( h] *>iote] & ! *>iot 0 ! "w ( ! sculptor ,apellas4#ajjh ,?is is ! int]pretation ( ,furtwa5gl]1#ajji bas$ on a passage 9 ,pl9y1 :i* m5tions /atues ( adornantes se fem9as#ajaj by ,apellas1 :i* he reads adorantes fem9as4 ,h[ev]1 adornantes may be "r1 = 9 ano!r passage1 ,pl9y speaks ( ,praxiteles' /atue ( a 1 i4 e41 ( a woman clasp+ a bracelet on h] arm4#ajaa ,two notable bronze /atues w illu/rate ?is motive ( ,olympic victor /atues4 ,! /atue f\nd 9 #aejb at ,zellfeld 9 ,c>9?ia1 n[ 9 ,vi5na1#ajab has be5 int]pret$ bo? z a ,h]mes ,logios & a votive /atue 9 ! attitude ( pray]1#ajac :i* latt] int]pretation ! inscription on ! leg1 giv+ a li/ ( d$ications1#ajad favors4 ,h[ev]1 ,furtwa5gl] believes x a free imitation ( an ,argive victor /atue1 ?\gh n 9 ! ,polykleitan /yle4 ,because ( its simil>ity to ! ,idol9o 7,pl4 #ad71 he has ascrib$ its orig9al to ! sculptor ,patrokles4 ,f te*nical consid]ations he believes x is n a ,greek orig9al d$icat$ by ,romans ( a lat] p]iod1 b a ,roman "w 7aft] ,patrokles7 ( ! p]iod ( ! inscription4#ajae ,! bronze /atue ( ! ,pray+ ,boy 9 ,b]l9#ajaf 7,pl4 #aj7 is "o ( our mo/ beautiful ,greek bronzes & comes f ! circle ( ,lysippos4#ajag ,we n[ "k t ! uplift$ arms ( ?is /atue1 9 :i* mo/ s*ol>s saw ! ,greek attitude ( pray]1 are re/orations :i* 7 probably made 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 :5 ! /atue 0 9 ,france4 ,( ! orig9al motive we only c say t ! action ( ! %\ld]s %[s t bo? arms 7 rais$1 b we d n "k h[ f>1 or ! position ( ! h&s4 ,monum5tal evid5ce %[s t ! h&s 9 pray] %\ld h ! palms turn$ away f ! face in/ead ( upw>ds1 z 9 ! pres5t /atue1 s9ce ! ,greek position 0 ! outgr[? ( an old apotropaic ge/ure1 i4 e41 "o direct$ aga9/ an evil _s4 ,mau's idea#ajah t ! figure repres5t$ a play] cat*+ a ball is c]ta9ly inconsi/5t ) ! calm attitude ( ! /atue4 ,furtwa5gl] reject$ x1#ajai & he has re/or$ ! arms & h&s on ! basis ( a ,b]l9 gem#ajbj & an ex voto relief f\nd by ! ,fr5* excavators at ,nemea 9 #ahhd4ajba ,on ?is relief a y\? cr[n$ ) a wool5 fillet is repres5t$4 ,on bo? relief & gem ! figures are 9 ! same attitude1 ! arms rais$ ov] ! head manibus sup9is1 :i* confirms ! re/oration ( ! ,b]l9 /atue4 ,_m o!r monum5ts give ! m usual attitude ( pray]1 n z 9 ! relief & gem discuss$1 b ) only "o h& ext5d$ z high z ! brea/4 ,old] writ]s ?\ght t su* monum5ts did n repres5t ! ge/ure ( adoration1 b "o ( adlocutio1#ajbb an op9ion disprov$ by ,pausanias' /atem5t ab\t ! bronze /atues ( ! ,akragant9es at ,olympia1 already m5tion$4 ,we may cite a relief f ,kleitor1 n[ 9 ,b]l91#ajbc & a f9e "o ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 f ,lamia 7871#ajbd z well z a r$-figur$ ,etruscan /amnos 9 ,vi5na repres5t+1 probably1 ,ajax pray+ be=e committ+ suicide4#ajbe ,we %all m5tion also two little /atuettes 9 ,new ,york :i* repres5t y\?s 9 ! pray+ attitude4#ajbf ,! fir/1 dat+ f ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & %[+ ,polykleitan influ5ce1 repres5ts a nude y\? /&+ erect ) ! =e>ms b5t1 %[+ t ! two h&s 7 ext5d$ 9 pray]4 ,! second1 :i* dates f ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7aft] ! date ( ! ,myronian ,diskobolos71 repres5ts a nude y\? /&+ ) ! "r h& rais$ to ! lips 9 an attitude usual 9 salut+ a div9ity1 :ile ! left is by ! side1 ) ! palm to ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj ,bronze ,/atue ( ! ,pray+ ,boy4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,,ano9t+4 ,v>i\s famili> motives f ! ev]yday life ( ! gymnasium & pal/ra 7 reproduc$ 9 ! /atues ( a?letes4 ,"o ( ! commone/ me?ods 0 to repres5t ! victor ano9t+ 8 body ) oil4 ,! use ( oil 0 indisp5sable 9 all a?letic ex]cises1 9 ord] to make ! body & limbs m supple1 & especially 9 wre/l+ & ! pankration1 to make x difficult = "o's antagoni/ to get a grip4#ajbg ,pl9y m5tions a pa9t+ by ,!oros1 repres5t+ a man se inungu5tem1#ajbh :i* appe>s to h be5 a votive portrait ( an a?lete4 ,! motive 0 common 9 vase-pa9t+s & /atu>y4 ,sev]al r$-figur$ vases ( ! sev]e /yle1 ant$at+ ! /atues to be consid]$1 %[ f reali/ic repres5tations ( pal/ra sc5es t x 0 cu/om>y = a?letes to hold a r\nd aryballos high 9 ! "r h& & p\r oil f x into ! left1 :i* 0 plac$ across ! body horizontally4#ajbi ,! same motive appe>s ) v>iations 9 /atues4#ajcj ,?us ! /atue ( an ephebe 9 ,petwor? ,h\se1 ,sussex1 ,engl&1#ajca a /atue1 z ,furtwa5gl] says1 to be prais$ m = its excell5t pres]vation ?an = its workman%ip1 repres5ts an a?lete1 :o holds a globul> aryballos 9 8 "r h& rais$ ov] ! %\ld]1 :ile ! left arm is held across ! abdom54 ,on ! ne>by tree-trunk are small cyl9drical objects :i* seem to be box+ pads4 ,?is /atue1 & especially its head1 h be5 reg>d$ by ,mi*aelis & ,furtwa5gl] z unmi/akably ,polykleitan 9 /yle4#ajcb ,sev]al o!r copies ( orig9al /atues repres5t+ a?letes p\r+ oil h be5 wrongly class$ z replicas ( "o orig9al1#ajcc ?\gh !y m]ely h ess5tial features alike1 due *iefly to ! subject4 ,fir/ is ! fam\s /atue 9 ! ,glypto!k kn[n z ! ,oelgiess] 7,oil-p\r]71 a ,roman copy ( an ,attic bronze ( ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7,pl4 #aa74ajcd ,?\gh ! "r arm & left h& are lo/1 x is cle> t ! a?lete held 9 8 rais$ "r h& an oil flask1 z 9 ! ,petwor? /atue4#ajce ,not)/&+ t ! head resembles ! ,praxitelian ,h]mes1#ajcf ?is does n %[ t ! /atue is ( f\r?-c5tury orig91 = its orig9al is old]2 x m]ely %[s t ! art ( ,praxiteles 0 deeply root$ 9 t ( 8 fif?-c5tury pr$ecessors4 ,because ( its ,attic affiliations1 ,kle9 tri$ to id5tify x ) ! ( ,alkam5es m5tion$ by ,pl9y1#ajcg by am5d+ t title to 1 ! 8,ano9t]40 ,brunn1 h[ev]1 rightly saw ! analogy ( ! body =ms to ,myron's ,m>syas1#ajch & ,furtwa5gl] & ,bulle h ascrib$ x to ,lykios1 ! son & pupil ( t ma/]1 :o work$ ab\t #ddj ,b4 ,c41 ! approximate date ( ! orig9al ( ! /atue4 ,a fragm5t>y head 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 7,fig4 #bc71ajci =m]ly 9 private possession 9 ,engl&1 is a copy ( ! same orig9al z ! ,muni* /atue4 ,its special int]e/ is t x is n an exact copy ( ! orig9al1 z ! ,muni* /atue is1 b a fre] "o1 %[+ a full] m\?1 fle%i] *eeks1 & deep]-set eyes4 ,:ile ! ,muni* /atue is ! dry "w ( a ,roman copyi/ ( ,augu/us' "t1 ?is head is by a f> abl] ,greek copyi/ ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,a torso 9 ! ,alb]t9um 9 ,dresd51 )\t a head1#ajdj is simil> to ! ,muni* /atue1 b h>dly a replica4 ,x probably goes back to an orig9al by an ,attic ma/] ( ! end ( ! fif? or beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,o!r "u life-size /atues relat$ to ?is torso %[ ! same motive4#ajda ,a black-m>ble /atue f\nd at ,porto d',anzio 9 #ageh1 & n[ 9 ! ,glypto!k1#ajdb has ! ,polykleitan /&+ motive4 ,! left arm1 :i* is /ret*$ out1 holds an oil flask 9 ! h&1 :ile ! "r arm is l[]$4 ,! b&1 :i* ! position ( ! f+]s %[s t ! "r h& probably held1 indicates x is ! /atue ( a victor4 ,a bronze /atuette f ,s\? ,italy1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#ajdc repres5ts a nude y\? hold+ an alaba/ron 9 8 "r h&1 :ile ! left has ! palm op5 to receive ! oil4 ,! hair fa%ion 77 seems to po9t to an ,attic sculptor ( ab\t #dgj ,b4 ,c4#ajdd ,! same motive is f\nd on t]ra-cotta /atuettes f ,myr9a1#ajde on reliefs1#ajdf & on gems4#ajdg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,head ( s-call$ ,oil-p\r]4 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa ,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,oil-p\r]4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,,oil-,,scrap+4 ,ano!r ord9>y pal/ra motive 0 employ$ 9 repres5t+ ! a?lete aft] ! conte/1 scrap+ oil & dirt f 8 body & arms ) ! scrap+-blade or /rigil 71 /rigilis74#ajdh ,?is motive is n uncommon on r4-f4 vase-pa9t+s ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ajdi ,x 0 treat$ 9 sculpture by _m ma/]s4 ,pl9y m5tions su* /atues ( a?letes de/r+5tes se 771 by ,polykleitos1 ,lysippos1 & ,daidalos ( ,sikyon4#ajej ,p]haps ! p]ixyom5oi by ,antignotos & ,dappos1 ! latt] ! son ( ,lysippos1 _h ! same motive4#ajea ,( ! ,apoxyom5os ( ,polykleitos we h no au!nticat$ copies 9 sculpture1 ?\gh ,furtwa5gl] believes t he has f\nd rem9isc5ces ( x on gems :i* repres5t a y\? re/+ ! weight ( 8 body on ! left leg1 ! "r be+ drawn back 7i4 e41 9 ! attitude ( ! ,doryphoros71 ! "r =e>m ext5d$1 & ! left hold+ a /rigil4 ,! simil>ity ( ^! gem-designs makes x c]ta9 t !y are all d]iv$ f a well-kn[n "w ( art4#ajeb ,p]haps ! f9e bronze /atuette1 dat+ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & n[ 9 ! ,loeb collection 9 ,muni*1 repres5ts ! pose ( ! de/r+5s se by ,polykleitos4#ajec ,x repres5ts a nude y\? re/+ ! weight ( ! body on ! soles ( bo? feet1 ! left "o slightly advanc$1 & hold+ a /rigil 9 ! rais$ "r h&4 ,! fam\s m>ble copy ( an ,apoxyom5os 9 ! ,vatican#ajed 7,pl4 #bi71 :i*1 because ( its long slim legs & graceful ankles1 might well repres5t a runn]1 has long be5 held to repres5t ! canon ( ,lysippos1 z x exhibits proportions widely diff]5t f ^? employ$ by ,polykleitos1 & agree+ ) ,pl9y's acc\nt ( ,lysippos' innovations4#ajee ,h[ev]1 ! d\bts aris+ 9 rec5t ye>s z to :e!r ?is /atue is a copy ( ,lysippos' /atue or a lat] "w w be consid]$ at l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4#ajef ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab ,/atue ( an ,apoxyom5os4 ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,! same motive is exemplifi$ by _m exi/+ /atues1 /atuettes1 reliefs1 etc4 ,! m>ble /atue ( an a?lete 9 ! ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce1 7,pl4 #ab71ajeg a copy ( an orig9al ( ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 wrongly re/or$ z hold+ 9 bo? h&s a vase at :i* ! a?lete is look+ d[n1 0 int]pret$ by ,blo* z an ephebe p\r+ oil f a leky?os held 9 ! "r h& into an aryballos held 9 ! left4 ,?is action = an a?lete has be5 *>act]iz$ by ,furtwa5gl] z 8unp>allell$1 unclassical &1 above all1 absurd40 ,?r\gh rec5t discov]ies we n[ "k t x repres5ts an apoxyom5os1 & t x %\ld be re/or$ ) ! left =e>m close to ! ?igh1 & ) ! "r cross+ ! abdom5 diagonally 9 ! direction ( ! left h&4 ,?is attitude s closely corresponds ) t ( a figure on a gem z to make x probable t bo? gem & /atue are copies ( ! same orig9al4 ,! figure on ! gem#ajeh holds a /rigil 9 bo? h&s & is g5]ally expla9$ z scrap+ ! dirt f ! left ?igh2 ! light h& holds ! h&le & ! left ! blade4 ,a hydria1 palm-bran*1 & cr[n are pictur$ to ! "r--%[+ t ! figure repres5ts an a?lete1 j z ! /atue has ! swoll5 e>s ( "o4 ,! att5tion ( ! a?lete 9 bo? monum5ts is conc5trat$ on ! op]ation involv$--a conc5tration rem9d+ u ( ,myron's ,diskobolos4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 9 ! latt] "w ! conc5tration is mom5t>y1 x is less transi5t 9 ! ,flor5ce /atue & also 9 ! ,muni* ,oil-p\r]4 ,?is pose is too consci\s 9 ! ,flor5t9e /atue to be ! "w ( ,myron4 ,arndt names no arti/1 b z ! simil>ity betwe5 ! head ( ! /atue & t ( ! ,oil-p\r] is s m>k$1 & z e "o n[ reg>ds ! latt] z ,attic--ev5 if n by ,alkam5es--he ?9ks t ! two mu/ be by ! same ,attic sculptor1 al?\gh ! ,uffizi /atue is some:at lat] ?an ! ,muni* "o4#ajei ,! orig9al ( ! ,flor5ce /atue 0 fam\s1 if we may judge by ! exi/+ numb] ( replicas ) v>iations4#ajfj ,among /atues %[+ ! same motive & pose1 we may note ! bronze /atue ( an a?lete ov] life-size--piec$ toge!r f #bcd fragm5ts--f\nd by ! ,au/rians at ,ephesos & n[ 9 ,vi5na4#ajfa ,! subject1 pose1 & heavy proportions recall ! ,argive s*ool ( ,polykleitos1 & its orig9al has be5 assign$ by ,haus] to ! ,sikyonian ,daidalos1 ! son & pupil ( ,patrokles1 :o 0 ! pupil ( ,polykleitos4 ,z fur!r reproductions ( ! same type ( figure1 we may cite a bronze /atuette 9 ,p>is1#ajfb & a m>ble "o f\nd at ,frascati 9 #ahif & n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4#ajfc ,a *alc$ony sc>ab ( ar*aic type 9 ! ,briti% ,museum repres5ts a nude a?lete ) a leky?os slung ov] ! left arm & a /rigil 9 ! left h&1 :i* re/s on ! hip4#ajfd ,a beautiful m>ble grave-relief1 mu* mutilat$1 9 ! museum at ,delphi1#ajfe :i* dates f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 repres5ts a pal/ra victor1 ) 8 arms ext5d$ to ! "r1 cleans+ himself ) a /rigil1 :i* is held 9 ! "r h&1 :ile a slave boy1 hold+ ! remnant ( an aryballos 9 8 "r h&1 looks up at him f ! "r4 ,! c>eful anatomy ( ?is relief may po9t to ,py?agoras ( ,samos1 z its au?or1 ?\gh we h no c]ta9 "w ( 81 = x fits ! description ( t arti/ by ,pl9y1 :o says t he 0 ! fir/ to express s9ews & ve9s4#ajff ,,libation-,,p\r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac ,/atue ( an ,a?lete1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,f>nswor? ,museum1 ,wellesley ,college1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( an ,a?lete4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,an orig9al ,greek bronze /atuette 9 ,p>is 7,fig4 #bd7ajfg reproduces ! motive ( ! /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,x5okles by ! sculptor ,polykleitos ,m9or at ,olympia1 z a comp>ison ) ! footpr9ts on ! recov]$ base ( ! latt] %[s4#ajfh ,z ! =ms correspond ) ^? ( ! ,doryphoros & ,diad\m5os1 & z its execution is s m>vel\s1 ,furtwa5gl] has ascrib$ ! /atuette to ! circle ( ,polykleitos' pupils4 ,! position ( ! "r h&1 :i* has ! ?umbs drawn 91 corresponds ) t ( ! ,idol9o 7,pl4 #ad71 :i* we are to discuss1 & c be/ be expla9$ by assum+ t x simil>ly held a kylix2 ! left h& c>ri$ a /aff-l attribute4 ,! head is b5t & looks to ! "r4 ,furtwa5gl] believ$ t1 inasmu* z ! act ( p\r+ a libation does n occur 9 art or lit]ature z an a?letic motive1 ! /atuette repres5t$ a h]o or god4 ,_m ,roman m>ble copies %[ ! same motive & pres]ve to u a ,polykleitan "w :i* corresponds 9 all ess5tials ) ! ,l\vre /atuette4#ajfi ,we m5tion two1 ! only ones ( ! type 9 :i* ! heads are on ! trunks1 "o 9 ! ,gall]ia delle ,/atue ( ! ,vatican1#ajgj ! o!r 9 ! ,f>nswor? ,museum at ,wellesley ,college 7,pl4 #ac74ajga ,^! copies repres5t a y\? /&+ ) bo? feet flat ^u ! gr\nd1 ! weight ( ! body re/+ ^u ! "r "o1 :ile ! left is turn$ a little to ! side4 ,he is look+ d[nw>ds to ! "r4 ,d\btless we %\ld re/ore ^! copies aft] ! ,p>is bronze1 ) a kylix 9 ! "r h&4 ,! palm-bran* 9 a simil> /atue1 to be m5tion$ fur!r on1 %[s t 9 all probability ! orig9 /atue 0 t ( an a?lete2 & t he 0 a fam\s a?lete is %[n by ! numb] ( copies ( ! torso & head4#ajgb ,a bronze head f ,h]culaneum 7,fig4 #be7ajgc s /rongly resembles 9 its =ms ! type "u discussion--:i* ,furtwa5gl] has call$ ! 8,vatican a?lete /&+ at re/0#ajgd--;& corresponds ) x s closely 9 its measurem5ts1 t x might be reg>d$ z a copy ( ! same orig9al1 if c]ta9 diff]5ces1 n due to ! copyi/1 did n r %[ t x comes f a closely alli$ "w4 ,?is head %[s an int5se melan*oly1 :i* has be5 expla9$ by ,furtwa5gl] z due to ! lack ( skill on ! "p ( ! copyi/1 :o fa%ion$ x slightly askew4 ,amelung v prop]ly expla9s ! abs5ce ( ! motive ( libation-p\r+ 9 a?letic art z m]ely a lacuna 9 our s\rces4#ajge ,if ! orig9al ( ^! copies & v>iations repres5t$ an a?lete1 he 0 c]ta9ly p\r+ a libation be=e victory2 if a w>rior1 he 0 do+ ! same ?+ be=e go+ on a campaign4 ,9 ! latt] case ! left h& %\ld be re/or$ ) a spe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--;,bronze ,head ( an ,a?lete1 f ,h]culaneum4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,we mu/ also place "h ! life-size orig9al ,greek bronze 9 ,flor5ce1 discov]$ at ,pes>o1 ne> ,ancona1 9 #aecj1 & kn[n f ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury z ! ,idol9o 7,pl4 #ad71ajgf = its motive connects x ) ! s]ies j discuss$4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 our f9e/ bronze /atue f antiquity1 z x repres5ts ! highe/ ideal ( boy beauty1 j z ! ,doryphoros does ( manly beauty4 ,! *ief *>act]i/ics--! positions ( ! feet1 head1 & arms1 ?\gh ess5tially ^? ( ! /atues discuss$1 (f] c]ta9 diff]5ces4 ,?us ! left leg is plac$ m to "o side & turn$ fur!r outw>ds ?an 9 ! /atue ( ,x5okles & k9dr$ works2 ! left h& hangs d[n at an angle to ! leg diff]5tly f ! o!rs4 ,9 o!r words1 by comp>+ x ) ! ,p>is /atuette1 we see a slightly diff]5t rhy?m f t f\nd 9 ,polykleitan works4 ,! ,idol9o has be5 look$ ^u z ,myronic by ,kekul1#ajgg ,/udniczka1#ajgh & hesitat+ly ,kle91#ajgi :ile ,mahl] reg>d$ x z ,pheidian4#ajhj ,furtwa5gl]1 h[ev]1 by a c>eful analysis1 has %[n its ,polykleitan *>act]i/ics--especially ! %ape ( ! head & ! features1 & ! treatm5t ( ! hair1 :i* rem9ds u ( ! ,naples copy ( ! ,doryphoros4 ,ow+ to diff]5ces1 h[ev]1 he did n assign x to ! ma/] himself1 b sugge/$ t x 0 ! "w ( 8 pupil ,patrokles4#ajha ,bulle f\nd ! head ,polykleitan1 b ! body ,attic1 & assign$ ! figure to an unkn[n ,attic sculptor work+ 9 ! ,polykleitan circle4 ,9 ?is controv]sy on its /yle1 a /atue f\nd 9 #aiaf 9 ! excavations ( ! ,ba?s at ,kyr5e %\ld be ( use1 = x is ! mo/ fai?ful ( all ! ,roman copies kn[n ( ! bronze orig9al & cle>ly %[s a ,polykleitan "* influ5c$ by ,attic art4#ajhb ,by a comp>ison ( ?is m>ble copy ) ! ,flor5t9e bronze we see t ! latt] 0 a subsequ5t r5dition ( ! same orig9al1 & d\btless by "s arti/ ( less] fame f ! ,polykleitan s*ool1 :o 0 influ5c$ by ,attic art4 ,b x is ! int]pretation ( ! ,idol9o :i* *iefly int]e/s u "h4 ,:ile ,longpri] call$ ! simil> ,p>is /atuette a ,m]cure aptre1 & ! publi%] ( ! /atue f ,kyr5e call$ t copy a ,h]mes1 yet ,kekul1 ,bulle1 & mo/ o!r ar*ologi/s h se5 9 ! ,idol9o an a?lete4 ,! inn] surface ( its out/ret*$ "r h& is left r\gh1 & ! f+]s are 9 ! same position z ^? ( ! ,p>is bronze4 ,su* a position c be expla9$ satisfactorily by re/or+ ! h& ) a kylix or a 1 su* z 0 commonly us$ 9 libations4 ,! left h& is smoo? & evid5tly empty1 ?\gh ,bulle re/ores x ) a victor's fillet1 & s1 foll[+ ,kekul1 calls ! /atue t ( a boy victor1 :o is br++ an (f]+ to ! alt> 9 honor ( 8 victory4 ,! m>ble /atue 9 ! ,gall]ia delle ,/atue has ! "r =e>m re/or$2 9 ! ,kyr5e /atue ! "r h& is pres]v$ & has a ?ick object held d[nw>ds at a great] angle ?an 9 ! ,idol9o4 ,! photograph does n let u judge decisively1 b x seems to be too ?ick an object = ! remnants ( a kylix4 ,a m>ble /atue 9 ! ,b>b]9i ,palace1 ,rome1#ajhc :i* resembles ! ,idol9o s closely z to be consid]$ a copy ( x1 ?\gh ) v>iations ( pose & te*nique1 has ! arms brok5 (f1 & s adds no?+ to ! solution ( ! motive ( ! ,idol9o4 ,! fact t a palm-/em /&s beside ! "r leg1 h[ev]1 adds weight to ! int]pretation z victor4 ,furtwa5gl] int]prets ! ,idol9o & k9dr$ works z div9ities4 ,?\gh boys s]ve at libations1 he ?9ks !y nev] p]=m ! ritual act ( p\r+ ! libation4#ajhd ,t a libation-p\r] %\ld appe> 9 ! guise ( a boy victor 7t ( ,x5okles7 he calls a g5u9e ,argive trait4 ,svoronos1 also1 has rec5tly tri$ to %[ t ! ,idol9o is n a victor1#ajhe b repres5ts ! h]o ,h]akles4 ,he comp>es ! figure ) a f\r?-c5tury ,p5telic m>ble relief 9 ,a!ns1#ajhf :i* repres5ts ,h]akles /&+ at ! door ( ,hades & beside him a fa!r lead+ 8 son up to ! op5 air4 ,! pose ( ! figure ( ,h]akles resembles t ( ! ,idol9o 9 a rem>kable way4 ,9 ! relief ,h]akles holds a kylix 9 ! "r h&#ajhg & a club 9 ! left1 & a lion sk9 is ?r[n ov] ! left arm4 ,svoronos believes t ! left h& 9 ! relief expla9s ! turn+ 9 ( ! left h& ( ! ,idol9o--= he believes t ! latt] also held a club4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 leave ! f9al solution ( ! motive ( ! ,idol9o & k9dr$ works op51 al?\gh incl9+ to ! belief t !y repres5t a victor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad ,bronze ,/atue kn[n z ! ,idol9o4 ,museo ,ar*eologico1 ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,m>ble ,/atue ( an ,a?lete7874 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,a /atue 9 ,a!ns1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 #ahhh 9 ! ,roman ru9s at ! ,olympieion1 may repres5t a boy victor p\r+ a libation 7,fig4 #bf74ajhh ,x is a poor ,roman copy1 dry & lifeless1 ( a bronze orig9al ( ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ajhi ,9 ?is /atue ,may] has se5 ! motive1 & probably ! copy1 ( ! ,splan*noptes 7,roa/] ( ,entrails7 by ! sculptor ,/yphax 7or ,/yppax7 ( ,cyprus1 :i*1 accord+ to ,pl9y1#ajij repres5t$ ,p]ikles' slave 8roa/+ entrails & bl[+ h>d on ! fire1 to k9dle x1 till 8 *eeks swell40 ,he ?9ks t ! position ( ! brok5 arms & a comp>ison ( ! figure ) simil> ones on vases make ! id5tification possible4 ,von ,salis concurs 9 8 re/oration & int]pretation & publi%es a small /atuette 9 ,a!ns f ,dodona1#ajia :i* has a simil> pose1 & holds a ?ree-prong$ =k 9 ! left h&1 :i* he believes %\ld be re/or$ 9 ! /atue4 ,al?\gh /atue & /atuette h mu* 9 common 7e4 g41 ! position ( ! brea/ & %\ld]s1 ! treatm5t ( ! hair1 etc471 :i* %[s t bo? may be copies ( "o orig9al1 ! conception ( ! two is some:at diff]5t4 ,! /atue f ,a!ns repres5ts a boy /&+ busily engag$ at ! alt>2 ! /atuette repres5ts "o /&+ at re/ m]ely look+ on1 ! =k n be+ held 9 position = use4#ajib ,9 any case ! face ( ! ,a!ns /atue c n correspond ) ,pl9y's description--ignemque oris pl5i spiritu acc5d5s4 ,q a diff]5t explanation ( ! /atue is possible--"o :i* ,may] ?\ght improbable4 ,! "r arm--brok5 above ! wri/--0 rais$ to ! height ( ! %\ld] & may h held an object 9 ! h&2 ! left arm--brok5 (f bel[ ! %\ld]--seems to h be5 held close to ! body & appe>s to h correspond$ 9 movem5t ) ! o!r4 ,! boy1 !re=e1 may h held a cup 9 ! "r h& & a bran* or a victor fillet 9 ! left4 ,?us x may m]ely be ano!r example ( a boy victor p\r+ a libation4 ,c]ta9 o!r /atues h be5 mi/ak5 ei!r = libation-p\r]s or oil-p\r]s1 :5 !y are really w9e-p\r]s & h no?+ to d ) ! a?letic motives "u discussion4 ,a good example is ! m>ble /atue ( a ,satyr 9 ,dresd51#ajic :i* repres5ts ! y\?ful demi-god lift+ a c ) 8 "r h&1 out ( :i* he is p\r+ w9e into a dr9k+-horn held 9 ! left4 ,!re are _m copies ( ?is "w1#ajid a fact :i* %[s t ! orig9al bronze 0 fam\s4 ,an attempt has !re=e be5 made to id5tify x ) ! bronze ,satyr ( ,praxiteles m5tion$ by ,pl9y z ! ,p]ibotos or 8f>-fam$10#ajie :i* seems to h be5 gr\p$ ) a ,dionysos & a figure ( ,drunk5ness--a gr\p+ :i* might fit ! ,dresd5 ,satyr1 s9ce a second figure %\ld be imag9$1 = :i* ! horn is be+ fill$4 ,h[ev]1 x diff]s /yli/ically s mu* f ! ,h]mes ( ,olympia t ! ascription has be5 giv5 up1 ?\gh its graceful =m %[s ,praxitelean influ5ce & c]ta9ly emanates f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,,re/+ ,,aft] ,,! ,,conte/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae ,m>ble ,head ( an ,a?lete1 aft] ,kresilas 7874 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,a v favorite motive 0 to repres5t a victor1 ei!r /&+ or seat$1 re/+ aft] ! ex]tions ( ! conte/ 774 ,an excell5t example ( ?is motive 9 a /&+ po/ure is ! f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 /atue ( ,attic workman%ip f\nd at ,porto d',anzio & n[ 9 ! ,vatican1#ajif :i* reproduces ! type ( ! ,apollo ,lykeios4#ajig ,_m ( ! /atues1 by v>i\s sculptors1 :i* repres5t ! victor /&+ at re/ may be int5d$ to repres5t him z re/+ aft] ! conte/4 ,! well-kn[n head ( a y\? adorn$ ) ! victor's *aplet1 & pres]v$ 9 f\r copies 9 ,european museums1 appe>s to come f a /atue :i* repres5t$ a victor 9 ?is mann]4 ,! be/ ( ^! copies is 9 ! collection ( ,"l ,leconfield at ,petwor? ,h\se1 ,sussex4#ajih ,we %\ld add a fif?1 a ,roman copy ( ! head1 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york 7,pl4 #ae74ajii ,9 ^! copies ! e>s are n swoll51 & a c]ta9 ref9em5t & g5tl5ess %[ t ! orig9al 0 n f ! /atue ( a box] or pancratia/1 b f t ( ano!r type ( a?lete1 p]haps a p5ta?lete4 ,s9ce ,pl9y m5tions ! /atue ( a ,doryphoros by ,kresilas1#aajj & because ( its suppos$ ,kresilan /yle1 ,furtwa5gl]1 albeit on sl5d] gr\nds1 has attempt$ to id5tify ! orig9al ( ^! heads ) t "w4#aaja ,! expression is c]ta9ly "o ( complete repose4 ,on ! cr[n ( ! head1 & on ! left side ov] ! fillet1 is a rectangul> brok5 surface1#aajb app>5tly ! remnant ( a support = ! "r arm1 :i*1 z ,conze ?\ght1 proves t ! a?lete /ood ) "o arm re/+ on ! head1 ! h& hang+ ov] ! left side4 ,furtwa5gl] admitt$ t su* an attitude might be t ( an apoxyom5os1#aajc b po9t$ out t ! expression ( ! face 9 all ! copies seems too tranquil = su* an int]pretation4 ,s9ce ! victor 0 9 repose & ! left arm requir$ a slight support1 he believ$ t ?is support might h be5 an akontion4 ,he !re=e recon/ruct$ ! orig9al /atue z t ( a re/+ p5ta?lete1 & assign$ x to ! great ,cretan contempor>y ( ,pheidias1 :o work$ 9 ,a!ns4#aajd ,! numb] ( replicas at lea/ %[s t ! orig9al 0 a fam\s "w4 ,p]haps our be/ example ( ! motive ( a seat$ victor re/+ aft] ! conte/ is ! bronze /atue ( a box] f\nd 9 ,rome 9 #ahhd & n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me !re 7,pl4 #af & ,fig4 #bg74aaje ,?is is a ma/]piece 9 ! portrayal ( brute /r5g? 9 ! mo/ naturali/ic & revolt+ way4 ,if we l to ?9k ( victors z hav+ noble =ms1 we are rudely />tl$ on look+ at ?is brutal prize-fight]4 ,if we comp>e x ) works ( ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 we see 9 x1 z 9 no o!r example ( ,greek sculpture1 ! great *ange :i* pr(essionalism _h lat] wr\ght 9 ! ,greek ideal ( a?letics4 ,"h are massive proportions1 bulg+ muscles1 arms & legs h>d & muscle-b\nd4 ,we c comp>e x only ) ! bronze head ( a box] f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #fa ,a & ,b7 ( simil> /yle & age4#aajf ,b !re we h only ! head1 :ile "h we h a complete /atue almo/ p]fectly pres]v$1 ! only re/orations be+ a portion ( ! left ?umb1 a piece ( ! "r flank1 & ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,head f ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box]4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #af ,bronze ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box]4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,x repres5ts a pr(essional box]1 :o is seat$ exhau/$ at ! close ( ! b\t1 ! sev]ity ( :i* is indicat$ by e "p ( ! body4 ,he leans =w>d1 8 arms re/ on 8 ?ighs1 & 8 head1 sunk betwe5 8 %\ld]s1 is rais$ & turn$ to ! "r1 z he /upidly looks ar\nd at ! applaud+ spectators4 ,8 nose is brok5 & 8 e>s are swoll5 & sc>s ( ! conte/ %[ on 8 face & limbs4 ,b5ea? 8 retreat+ upp] lip "s ( 8 tee? appe> to h be5 knock$ out z ! result ( previ\s fights1 :ile indications ( ! rec5t /ruggle are to be se5 9 ! blood dripp+ f 8 e>s & ! deep lac]ations 9 face & %\ld]1 :i* may h once be5 fill$ ) r$ pa9t to make 8 appe>ance ev5 m reali/ic4 ,! "r eye is swoll5 & ! l[] lid & ! *eek imp]ceptibly s9k into ea* o!r4 ,! mu/a*e %[s flecks ( blood & ! swoll5 back ( ! "r h& protrudes ?r\gh ! glove4 ,8 nose is clott$ ) blood & he seems to be /ruggl+ to get 8 brea?4 ,su* realism & delight 9 depict+ ! hide\s %[ t ! "w1 l ! ,olympia head1 belongs to ! ,hell5i/ic age4 ,! c>eful workman%ip1 especially visible 9 ! hair & be>d & 9 ! hair on ! *e/#aajg1 proves t ! /atue is n a ,roman copy1 b a ,greek orig9al ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ,hell5i/ic age1 ( ! end ( ! f\r? or beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,nor is x a portrait1 z ,w9t] ma9ta9$1#aajh s9ce x is an adaptation ( a late type ( ,h]akles4 ,x c]ta9ly is a victor /atue f "o ( ! great ,greek games1 & is1 p]haps1 f ,olympia itself4 ,s9ce ! head is turn$ t[>d ! "r %\ld] & ! m\? is op51 z if speak+1 ,wund]] tri$1 on ! basis ( a passage 9 ! hi/ory ( ,polybios1#aaji to id5tify x ) ! /atue ( ! fam\s ,!ban box] & pancratia/ ,kleitoma*os at ,olympia by an unkn[n arti/4#aaaj ,! hi/orian /ates t ,kleitoma*os1 :ile fight+ ) ! ,egyptian ,ari/onikos1 0 ang]$ by ! acclaim giv5 ! =eign] &1 /epp+ aside1 *id$ ! spectators = n *e]+ "o :o 0 fight+ = ! honor ( ,greece4 ,! spee* caus$ a revulsion 9 ! popul> feel+1 :i* help$1 ev5 m ?an ! fi/s ( ,kleitoma*os1 to vanqui% ,ari/onikos4 ,h[ev]1 ! motive ( ! /atue does n fit ! incid5t1 z ! box] is n speak+1 b brea?+ h>d1 nor is ! seat$ po/ure t ( "o h>angu+ a cr[d4 ,moreov]1 ! date ( ! ,!ban's victory is too late = ! /atue4#aaaa ,,attributes ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 a?letic tra9+ t5d$ to produce a uni=m /&>d ( physical developm5t1 :i* 0 reflect$ 9 sculpture4 ,at ?is date we d n f9d ! div]g5ce ( /yle :i* we saw 9 our review ( ! 8,apollo0 type ( ! six? c5tury4 ,vase-pa9t+s %[ ! *ange bett] ?an sculpture4 ,on black-figur$ vases ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we see a good deal ( v>iety 9 gr\ps ( box]s & wre/l]s1 :ile on r$-figur$ vases ( ! e>ly fif? c5tury ! numb] ( types is f> less4 ,9 sculpture1 h[ev]1 diff]5ces 9 physical type did exi/ 9 ! v>i\s s*ools at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,we h1 = example1 ! heavy1 squ>e-%\ld]$ type 9 ! ,apollo ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] 7,pl4 #g;,a71 :i* we h class$ z a victor /atue1 & ! tall1 rawbon$ type 9 ! ,tyrannicides by ,kritios & ,nesiotes 7,fig4 #cb1 ,h>modios74#aaab ,we h1 on ! o!r h&1 a v diff]5t physical type 9 ! %ort1 /ocky ,aeg9etan p$im5tal figures 7,figs4 #bj & #ba74 ,betwe5 su* extremes !re are1 ( c\rse1 _m gradations4 ,we might in/ance ! ar*aic bronze /atuette ( a diskobolos 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 7,fig4 #df74aaac ,h[ev]1 not)/&+ ! div]sity 9 type1 x is (t5 difficult to di/+ui% runn]s f wre/l]s1 box]s f p5ta?letes4 ,?us few e>ly fif?-c5tury /atues %[ ! type ( runn] z well z ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea 7,pl4 #h;,a71 or t ( a box] z well z ! 8,apollo0 f ,delphi 7,pl4 #h;,b74 ,! reason = ?is is ! ideal elem5t1 :i* ent]$ into all ^! /atues & :i* 0 a reflection ( ! uni=m developm5t ( a?letics long be=e specialization _h set 94 ,out ( ?is uni=mity grew ! canon ( ,polykleitos1 develop$ f t ( ,hageladas4 ,! sculptor ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 0 incapable ( diff]5tiat+ betwe5 god & mortal4 ,?is 0 especially ! case1 z we h se51 ) ,apollo1 z ! 8,apollo0 type 0 a model ( manly vigor4 ,9 ! e>ly fif? c5tury ! sculptor _h l>gely ov]come ?is difficulty1 b /ill %[$ little div]sity ( type 9 treat+ /atues ( diff]5t k9ds ( a?letes4 ,a me?od ( diff]5tiation :i* 0 ess5tial to a?lete sculptors ( ! six? c5tury 0 f\nd conv5i5t ( ret5tion by ^? ( ! fif?--i4 e41 *>act]iz+ ! /atue ( ! victor by "s attribute1 9 ord]1 on ! "o h&1 to diff]5tiate x f ! nude god or h]o1 & on ! o!r to di/+ui% betwe5 diff]5t types ( victors4 ,,prim>y ,,attributes ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,,! ,,victor ,,fillet4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! sculptor w\ld *>act]ize ! victor /atue z su*4 ,! easie/ way to d ?is w\ld be to repres5t x ) a fillet or *aplet 77#aaad b\nd r\nd ! head1 z we saw 0 ! case 9 ! /atue ( ,milo4 ,?is fillet 0 m]ely a b& or rib& ( wool :i* 0 giv5 ! ,olympic victor 9 addition to ! g>l& ( olive leaves1 or ! palm-bran*1 z a symbol ( victory4 ,wald/e9 has argu$ t ?is fillet orig9ally 0 n an ess5tial attribute ( ! victor1 b t ! cr[n & palm 7 ! prizes1 & ! fillet m]ely a decoration us$ on v>i\s occasions1 su* z at symposia1#aaae :i* only lat] became a g5]al a?letic attribute4#aaaf ,?\gh ! pres5ce ( ! fillet on /atues %\ld n1 !re=e1 be pro( t ! giv5 /atue is t ( a victor1#aaag !re is no def5se = ! cont5tion ( ,pass[#aaah t ! ta9ia 0 9 no s5se a symbol ( victory1 b m]ely a toilet article among ! gifts pres5t$ by ! public to a victor at ! ovation ( ! cr[n+4 ,pausanias says t ! victor ,li*as ( ,sp>ta 0 sc\rg$ by ord] ( ! umpires at ,olympia = hav+ set ! ta9ia on ! head ( 8 victori\s *>iote]4#aaai ,?is is suffici5t evid5ce t x 0 n a m]e toilet article1 b r a "p ( ! (ficial prize ( victory4 ,simil>ly ! ta9ia 9 ! h& ( ,nike ^u ! "r h& ( ! /atue ( ,zeus by ,pheidias at ,olympia c n h be5 a toilet article4#aabj ,we h _m examples f a?letic sculpture ( ! use ( ! fillet4 ,?us x appe>s on ! bronze head ( a box] 9 ! ,glypto!k 7,pl4 #c7aaba & on ! bronze head f ,h]culaneum 9 ,naples 7,fig4 #d71aabb bo? ( :i* h be5 discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii1 z fragm5ts ( ,greek orig9al /atues ( ,olympic victors4 ,x also appe>s on ! m>ble head ( a y\?ful victor--n necess>ily ,olympic--f ! ,akropolis1#aabc :i*1 because ( ! simil>ity 9 *eeks1 m\?1 & eyes to heads on ! metopes ( ! ,p>!non1 %\ld be dat$ some:]e betwe5 #dej & #ddj ,b4 ,c4 ,x occurs on ! ,olympia m>ble head 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi71aabd :i* we ascribe 9 ,*apt] ,,vi to ,lysippos1 & likewise on ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,agias 9 ,delphi 7,pl4 #bh1 ,fig4 #fh74 ,9 mo/ a?lete heads ! fillet is twi/$ into a knot at ! back ( ! head4 ,9 "o case1 on ! ,petwor? head ( a p5ta?lete already discuss$1#aabe :i*1 because ( ! curve ( ! neck1 mu/ come f a /atue repres5t$ at re/1 x is n s ti$1 b is w\nd r\nd ! head ) ! two ends tuck$ 9 & pu%$ ?r\gh ! fillet on ei!r side ov] ! temples4#aabf ,?\gh s practical an arrangem5t z ! latt] mu/ h be5 common en\gh 9 real life1 ?is seems to be ! only example ( its repres5tation 9 sculpture4 ,! fillet1 in/ead ( encircl+ ! head1 0 sometimes held 9 ! h&1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,sp>tan *>iot victor ,polykles at ,olympia4#aabg ,a curi\s life-size /atue ( ! ,roman p]iod1 f\nd 9 ! ,peiru1 repres5ts a nude boy hold+ 9 8 "r h& ov] ! brea/ a bundle ( books & 9 ! left an alaba/ron4 ,! body is cov]$ ) fillets--fifte5 9 all--:i* appe> to h be5 prizes won 9 gymnic conte/s1 probably at ! gymnasium or pal/ra4#aabh ,,fillet-,,b9d]s4 ,/atues repres5t+ victors b9d+ fillets 9 _! hair 7diad\m5oi7 are common to all p]iods ( ,greek art4#aabi ,we %all discuss only two--^? ( ,pheidias & ( ,polykleitos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ag ,/atue kn[n z ! ,f>nese ,diad\m5os4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,pausanias m5tions a /atue by ,pheidias1 repres5t+ a ,boy ,b9d+ on a ,fillet1 z /&+ 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia4#aacj ,rob]t has argu$ t ?is figure 0 ! "o ( simil> motive m5tion$ by ,pausanias z on ! ?rone ( ,zeus !re4#aaca ,h[ev]1 ! figure on ! ?rone 0 v probably 9 relief & n 9 ! r\nd4#aacb ,! cic]ones at ,olympia seem to h be5 impos+ on ! p]iegete :5 !y said t a lik5ess to ,pant>kes1 ! boy favorite ( ,pheidias1 0 to be se5 9 ! face ( ?is figure on ! ?rone4 ,! m5tion ( ,pant>kes has giv5 rise to ! usual id5tification ( ! ) ! victor /atue ( ! ,elean ,pant>kes m5tion$ by ,pausanias z /&+ 9 ! ,altis4#aacc ,h[ev]1 ! assumption#aacd is f>-fet*$ & mu/ be reject$1 because ,pausanias m5tions ! two /atues 9 two diff]5t p>ts ( 8 p]iegesis ( ! ,altis4#aace ,( ! we "k only ! arti/'s "n4 ,x 0 probably m]ely a votive gift1#aacf & ! "n ( ! p]son s honor$ 0 unkn[n to ,pausanias4 ,( ! /atue ( ! victor ,pant>kes we "k only ! "n1 & nei!r ! arti/ nor ! motive ( ! /atue4 ,x seems cle>1 !re=e1 t we h to d ) ?ree di/9ct monum5ts3 ! boy ) ! fillet1 ! ?rone figure by ,pheidias1 & ! victor by an unkn[n sculptor4#aacg ,! small m>ble /atue 9 ! ,briti% ,museum kn[n z ! ,diad\m5os ,f>nese#aach 7,pl4 #ag71 :i* is n[ almo/ univ]sally reg>d$ z an ,attic "w1#aaci has be5 assum$ by _m ar*ologi/s to be a copy ( ,pheidias' /atue4#aadj ,s9ce ,pausanias tells u t a /atue by ,pheidias /ood 9 ,olympia1 repres5t+ an unkn[n boy b9d+ a fillet ar\nd 8 head1 & s9ce ! /yle ( ! ,f>nese /atue %[s great simil>ity 9 head & body =ms & g5]al be>+ to c]ta9 figures on ! ,p>!non frieze1#aada & its motive agrees ) t ( ! ,olympia /atue1 x seems reasonable to see 9 ?is little "w a copy ( ! /atue 9 ! ,altis by ! great ma/]4 ,furtwa5gl] & ,bulle h %[n t ! motive ( ?is "w 0 initiat$ by ,pheidias & n by ,polykleitos1 s9ce ! latt]'s great /atue 0 sev]al ye>s y\ng] ?an ! "w ( ,pheidias at ,olympia4 ,t ,pheidias 0 pleas$ ) ! motive is disclos$ by ! fact t he repeat$ x on ! ?rone ( ,zeus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ah ,/atue ( ! ,diad\m5os1 f ,delos1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,/atue ( ! ,diad\m5os1 f ,vaison1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos 0 little less fam\s ?an 8 ,doryphoros1 if we may judge by ! numb] ( copies :i* h surviv$ & f lit]>y notices ( x4#aadb ,9 all ! copies ( ?is "w we see ! well-kn[n ,polykleitan *>act]i/ics--p[]ful build1 heavy proportions1 & fidelity to nature2 b none ( ! ideal t5d5cy prom95t 9 ! works ( ,pheidias & 8 s*ool1 nor ( ! viol5t en]gy *>act]i/ic ( ,myron's art4 ,9 all ( !m ! pose ( ! e>li] ,doryphoros is reta9$1 except t ! arms are diff]5tly employ$ & ! build ( ! body is m sl5d]4 ,pl9y1 despite 8 /atem5t--:i* is probably tak5 f "s ,greek au?ority--t monotony 0 ! *>act]i/ic ( ,polykleitos' works 7pa5e ad unum exemplum71#aadc emphasizes ?is sl5d]ness by call+ ! ,doryphoros virilit] pu]--,less+'s ,ju5gl+ wie e9 ,mann--& ! ,diad\m5os mollit] juv5is--a y\? ( g5tle =m4 ,?is judgm5t ( ,pl9y 0 difficult to und]/& s long z we _h only ! ,vaison copy ( ! ,diad\m5os to /udy4 ,! ,delian copy %[$ t supple grace 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! orig9al1 ev5 if modifi$ to suit ! ta/e ( ?ree c5turies lat]4 ,al?\gh ! body =ms & ! attitudes ( ! ,doryphoros & ! ,diad\m5os are v simil>1 ! head ( ! latt]1 usually assign$ to ,polykleitos1 is ( a diff]5t type f t ( ! ,doryphoros4 ,:ile ! head ( ! ,doryphoros is squ>e 9 pr(ile1 flat on top1 & long f front to back1 t ( ! ,diad\m5os is r\nd] & s(t] & c be/ be expla9$ on ! assumption t ,polykleitos lat] 9 life came "u ,attic influ5ce4 ,! copies ( ?is "w are _m & v>i$4#aadd ,= a long "t ! m>ble copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum f\nd 9 #ahfb1 at ,vaison1 ,france1#aade 01 despite its poor workman%ip1 consid]$ our be/ copy 7,fig4 #bh74 ,x 0 made p]haps five hundr$ ye>s aft] ! orig9al1 at a "t :5 sculpture 0 9 its decl9e1 & consequ5tly c give u m]ely a sugge/ion ( ! "* ( ,polykleitos' /atue4 ,z x is a direct m>ble translation ( ! bronze1 ! muscul> treatm5t appe>s exagg]at$4 ,ano!r m>ble copy 0 f\nd 9 #ahid by ! ,fr5* excavators on ! isl& ( ,delos1 & is n[ 9 ,a!ns 7,pl4 #ah74aadf ,! ,delian arti/ add$ a mantle & a quiv] to ! ne>by tree-trunk & ?us conv]t$ an orig9al victor /atue into "o ( a god4#aadg ,?\gh its h&s are lo/1 x is easy to see t ! a?lete is pull+ ! ends ( ! fillet toge!r s z to tight5 ! knot at ! back ( ! head4 ,z ?is is a ,hell5i/ic ,greek copy1 x comes f> ne>] to ! orig9al ?an ! imp]ial ,roman "o f ,vaison4 ,! light] proportions & s(t] model+ %[ ! ,attic influ5ce on ,polykleitos' lat] c>e]1 al?\gh ! fle%y =ms are out ( h>mony ) 8 art & evid5tly introduc$ by ! copyi/4 ,"o ( ! be/ pres]v$ & mo/ beautiful copies is ! "o 9 ! ,prado at ,madrid4#aadh ,al?\gh a ,roman copy1 l ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 x comes v ne> ! orig9al because ( ! precision 9 its details4 ,!re are _m good copies ( ! head alone4#aadi ,m>ble heads 9 ,kassel & ,dresd51 evid5tly ! works ( ,attic sculptors1 %[ ! pure ,polykleitan traits4 ,! "o 9 ,dresd5#aaej 7,fig4 #bi7 surpasses all o!rs 9 ! beauty ( its f9i%1 be+ a c>eful & exact copy4 ,! proportions & /ructure ( ! head are ^? ( ! ,doryphoros1 al?\gh ! surface is diff]5tly treat$4 ,! ,kassel head#aaea is n s exact 9 its details1 b has m expression4 ,furtwa5gl] rightly calls x ! bett] ( ! two z a "w ( art1 b inf]ior z a copy4 ,a m>ble head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#aaeb is a direct copy f ! orig9al bronze1 l ! ,vaison /atue4 ,! cle>-cut eyelids & wiry hair reproduce ! orig9al mat]ial1 & its resemblance to ! head ( ! ,doryphoros is great] ?an t ( any o!r copy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--;,head ( ! ,diad\m5os1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,alb]t9um1 ,dresd54 ,a lat] v>iant ( ! /atue is se5 9 a small t]ra-cotta /atuette f ,smyrna 9 private possession 9 ,london4#aaec ,x %[s ! ,polykleitan type s completely assimilat$ to ! /yle ( ,praxiteles t its g5u95ess has be5 d\bt$4 ,p]haps1 ) its ,attic s(tness1 x gives u a bett] idea ( ! beauty ( ! orig9al ?an _m ( ! o!r copies4 ,f9ally1 we mu/ m5tion ! orig9al bronze head ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d1 rec5tly publi%$ by ,p]cy ,g>dn]4#aaed ,?is head1 put toge!r f n9e fragm5ts1 & re/or$ z t ( a boy fillet-b9d]1 & rival+ 9 delicacy & beauty su* orig9al bronzes z ! ,b5ev5tum head 7,fig4 #c7 & ! ,idol9o 7,pl4 #ad71 n only gives u ! be/ idea ( ! te*nical ability atta9$ by bronze work]s 9 ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 b also helps u to und]/& ! anci5t repute ( ,polykleitos' a?letes4 ,"h ! headb& & 8/>fi%0 arrangem5t ( ! hair h _! close p>allels 9 ! ,dresd51 ,kassel1 & ,briti% ,museum heads already discuss$1 :i* ess5tially reproduce ! head ( ! ,vaison /atue 7,fig4 #bh74 ,z ,g>dn] po9ts out1 x closely agrees ) ! type ( ! ,f>nese ,diad\m5os 7,pl4 #ag7 only 9 "o p>ticul>1 ! mode ( ty+ ! knot4 ,:ile ! ,vaison a?lete is prep>+ to tie x1 ! ,f>nese "o has j f9i%$ ! op]ation1 ! boy /ill hold+ ! ends ( ! fillet 9 8 h&s4 ,b only ! treatm5t ( ! hair1 ! eye1 & ! e> (f]s a contra/4 ,despite ^! diff]5ces ,g>dn] foll[s ! old] view ( ,brunn 9 reg>d+ ! ,vaison & ,f>nese types z two v>iants ( ,polykleitan orig9als2 b ! pose1 /yle1 & proportions ( ! latt] seem to u to be too ?or\ghly ,attic to w>rant u 9 br++ x into relation ) ! "w ( ,polykleitos4 ,?\gh ! heads ( ! two are n s dissimil>1 ! pose1 z ,g>dn] also po9ts out1 is q diff]5t4 ,! ,vaison figure is repres5t$ z walk+1 i4 e41 9 ! v act ( *ang+ ! weight ( ! body f "o leg to ! o!r1 :ile ! ,f>nese a?lete /&s at re/ ) bo? feet flat ^u ! gr\nd4 ,g>dn] rightly reg>ds ?is exquisite head n z ! orig9al ( ! /atue m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 s9ce ! ,vaison & ,delian copies %[ t ! latt] repres5t$ a fully develop$ man1 some:at ov] life-size1 & n a boy1 b r z a "w ( ! ,polykleitan s*ool1 ?\gh he does n exclude ! possibility t x may come f "o ( ! _m boy a?letes ( ! ma/]4 ,furtwa5gl] connects ) ! ,diad\m5os ! /atue ( a y\?ful box]1 slightly "u life-size1 :i* %[s a simil> motive4 ,x is kn[n to u 9 two copies1 "o 9 ,kassel1#aaee ! o!r 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4#aaef ,t x is a "w ( ,polykleitos is %[n by ! correspond5ce ( its body =ms ) ^? ( bo? ! ,diad\m5os & ! ,doryphoros4 ,a bronze /atuette1 dat+ f ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum1 also repeats ! motive )\t be+ an exact copy4#aaeg ,,! ,,cr[n ,,( ,,wild ,,olive4 ,! cr[n ( wild olive#aaeh 9 ! hair is ano!r g5]al b n cu/om>y attribute ( ,olympic victor /atues4 ,few] sculptur$ heads %[ x ?an %[ ! ta9ia1 & 9 mo/ ( ^! ! leaves h fall5 (f4 ,examples ( its pres5ce are af=d$ by ! bronze head f ,b5ev5tum 7,fig4 #c7 9 ! ,l\vre1#aaei & on ! reali/ic bronze head ( a box] f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #fa ,a & ,b74#aafj ,a good illu/ration ( a boy victor cr[n+ himself is on a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 fun]>y relief1 f\nd 9 #ahgc at ! ,dipylon gate1 & n[ 9 ! ,a!ns ,museum4#aafa ,! victor is hold+ or plac+ a cr[n ( leaves on 8 head4 ,9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1 is a m$iocre headless copy ( an orig9al /atue ( ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! "w ( an arti/ ( ! ,polykleitan s*ool1 ! re/oration ( :i* z a victor engag$ 9 wrea?+ 8 head is probable4#aafb ,a protub]ance on ! "r %\ld] seems to h be5 left by ! end ( ! lemniskos or ribbon ) :i* ! wrea? 0 adorn$4#aafc ,! left h& c>ri$ an attribute1 b probably n a palm-bran* z ,helbig assum$1 s9ce su* a bran*1 if ( metal1 w\ld h left traces on ! %\ld]4 ,! same re/oration has be5 propos$ = ano!r /atue4#aafd ,a cr[n on ! head1 toge!r ) ! rema9s ( f+]s ne> x1 has be5 notic$ on a bronze /atue ( ,eros1 ( ,hell5i/ic workman%ip1 f\nd (f ,tunis 9 ! sea1#aafe :i* %[s ,polykleitan influ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ai ,/atue kn[n z ! ,we/macott ,a?lete4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,! /atue ( a ,boy ,cr[n+ ,himself1 :i* has surviv$ 9 _m ,roman copies & v>iant ,greek orig9als1 notably 9 ! s-call$ ,we/macott ,a?lete ( ! ,briti% ,museum 7,pl4 #ai71aaff a fragm5t>y /atue ( poor] workman%ip 9 ! ,b>racco collection 9 ,rome1#aafg & a ,greek copy f ,eleusis n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns1#aafh & id5tifi$ by _m ar*ologi/s ) ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,kyniskos by ,polykleitos at ,olympia1 %\ld be discuss$ "h4 ,:ile ! ,we/macott ,a?lete appe>s to be a copy f ! orig9al bronze1 ! ,b>racco /atue1 ?\gh %[+ ! same pose1 is unlike x 9 ! treatm5t ( hair & muscles1 & ) its ,attic head1 seems to be a c>elessly execut$ v>iant1 m or less ,myronian 9 /yle1 ( ! ,polykleitan orig9al4 ,:ile its orig9al may be assign$ to ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! ,eleusis v>iant1 ) its head diff]5tly plac$1 is n a ,roman copy1 b a ,greek orig9al /atue %[+ ! ,polykleitan motive c>ri$ into ! s(t ,attic /yle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#aafi ,a f9e copy ( ! head alone is 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,edg> ,v9c5t1 9 8 ,con/ant9ople collection4#aagj ,?is %\ld be associat$ ) ano!r head 9 ,dresd51 bo? be+ closely relat$ to t ( ! ,we/macott ,a?lete4#aaga ,! be/ copy ( ! head is 9 ! ,h]mitage1 9 :i* ! treatm5t ( ! hair approa*es ne>e/ to t ( ! bronze orig9al4#aagb ,a m>ble head f ,apollonia 9 ,epeiros1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* s closely resembles ! head ( ! ,we/macott ,a?lete t ! miss+ sections ( ! neck & %\ld]s 7 re/or$ by a ca/ f ! latt]1 is some:at diff]5t 9 /yle4 ,= :ile ! ,we/macott head is a me*anical copy1 ?is ,greek head is full ( vigor1 disclos+ ,attic *>act]i/ics ( ! e>ly f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & obvi\sly is an ,a!nian imitation ( ! orig9al1 l ! /atue f ,eleusis4#aagc ,a m remote v>iant is ! beautiful m>ble head =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,dr4 ,philip ,nelson 9 ,liv]pool1 b n[ 9 ,am]ica1 :i* is n an exact copy ( any ( ! kn[n v>iants1 b s closely resembles ! ,capitol9e type ( ,w\nd$ ,amazon1 assign$ fir/ by ,otto ,jahn & lat] by ,furtwa5gl] to ,kresilas1 t x mu/ be by ! same h&4#aagd ,?is head also rem9ds u ( t ( ! ,kresilan ,diom$es ( ! ,muni* ,glypto!k 7,pl4 #ba71aage ?\gh ! hair-treatm5t is ,polykleitan4#aagf ,bo? %[ a modification ( ,polykleitan =ms "u ,attic influ5ce4 ,! num]\s f9e copies indicate t ! orig9al 0 a well-kn[n "w4 ,t x 0 ,polykleitan is cle> f a /udy ( ! heads1 :i* %[ a great resemblance to t ( ! ,doryphoros1 & ( ! body =ms1 :i* resemble ^? ( bo? ! ,doryphoros & ! ,diad\m5os4 ,:ile "s believe ?is orig9al a "w ( ,polykleitos himself1#aagg o!rs ?9k t x 0 by "o ( 8 pupils or successors1 :o imitat$ ! ma/]'s e>ly /yle4 ,if ! orig9al1 h[ev]1 0 n ! /atue ( ,kyniskos1 !re is little evid5ce t x 0 by ,polykleitos himself4 ,! palm-trunk 9 ! ,we/macott copy c]ta9ly argues t ! orig9al 0 an a?lete /atue4 ,! ge/ure ( ! "r h& has giv5 rise to diff]5t int]pretations4 ,! ,b>racco copy furni%es ! be/ evid5ce1 z on x ! "r arm is pres]v$ to ! wri/1 ! h& only be+ lo/4 ,helbig at fir/ 79 ! ,b>racco ,catalogue7 express$ ! op9ion t ! "r h& might h held an oil-flask1 f :i* oil 0 be+ p\r$ into ! left4 ,h[ev]1 ! position ( ! left h&1 z %[n by ! puntello on ! left hip1 mu/ h be5 ! same z t on ! ,we/macott copy1 i4 e41 hang+ close to ! left side4 ,helbig lat] 79 ! ,fuehr]7 expla9$ ! motive z t ( a boy sett+ a cr[n on 8 head1 z 9 ! bronze ,eros already m5tion$4 ,?is int]pretation1 fir/ sugge/$ by ,w9nefeld1#aagh has be5 ! favorite "o among ar*ologi/s4 ,b all sorts ( o!r explanations ( ! motive ( ! orig9al h be5 (f]$1 z t ! a?lete 0 scrap+ 8 =ehead or %\ld]s ) ! /rigil1#aagi t ! /atue repres5t$ ,n>kissos look+ into ! pool & %ad+ 8 eyes ) 8 "r h&1#aahj t x 0 an a?lete /&+ at re/ & hold+ an akontion 9 8 "r h&--a !ory h>moniz+ ) ! poise ( ! head1 b n ) ! turn ( ! wri/1 :i* %[s t ! h& 0 held d[nw>ds#aaha--;& t x 01 9 fact1 ! nudus talo incess5s ( ,pl9y4#aahb ,on ! head ( ! ,eleusis /atue !re is a mass ( m>ble left ov] ! "r e> j opposite ! place :]e ! h& w\ld be1 if x 7 sett+ a wrea? on ! head4 ,! fact t no m>ks are visible :]e ! cr[n 0 atta*$ is expla9$ by ! assumption t ! wrea? 0 ( metal ev5 9 ! m>ble copies4 ,t ?is motive1 moreov]1 0 kn[n to bo? ,attic & ,peloponnesian art 9 ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 is well atte/$4 ,?us we see on ! ,p>!non frieze a y\? cr[n+ himself ) "o h&1 :ile hold+ ! horse's bridle ) ! o!r4#aahc ,! pose ( ?is figure--especially ! legs--recalls ! ,myronian ,oil-p\r] already discuss$ 7,pl4 #aa74 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o ( ! figures ( ! ,ildefonso gr\p 9 ,madrid1 :i* is ,polykleitan 9 /yle1 repres5ts a boy we>+ a wrea?1 a figure closely ak9 to ! ,we/macott ,a?lete1 ! leg position be+ ! same 9 bo? & ! poise ( ! head ne>ly s1 al?\gh ! arms are diff]5t1 ! left "o be+ rais$ & ! "r hang+ d[n4#aahd ,x is probable t ! rais$ "r h& ( ! orig9al ( ! ,we/macott & o!r replicas t\*$ ! wrea? & ! l[]$ left held a fillet4 ,! be/ explanation1 !n1 ( ! ,we/macott ,a?lete & k9dr$ works is t ! motive ( ! orig9al 0 alli$ to t ( ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos1 ?\gh ! model+ is too s(t = ,polykleitos1 %[+ t ! copyi/s *ang$ ! orig9al ( ! ,argive ma/] to suit a lat] & diff]5t ta/e4 ,:]eas ! ,diad\m5os is ty+ on a victor's fillet1 ! o!r is presumably plac+ a victor's wrea? on 8 head4 ,c]ta9ly no bett] re/oration c be made = ! ,b>racco copy4 ,fur!rmore1 _m o!r monum5ts1 :i* %[ a simil> attitude1 & :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z v free imitations ( ! orig9al1 seem to %[ t ! boy 0 repres5t$ z plac+ a wrea? on 8 head4#aahe ,:e!r ! orig9al ( ! s]ies 0 an actual victor /atue at ,olympia or n is an int]e/+ "q4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly sugge/$ t x 0 ! v /atue ( ! boy box] ,kyniskos !re1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 ! base ( :i* has be5 recov]$4#aahf ,! ext]nal evid5ce = ! id5tity consi/s altoge!r 9 ! simil>ity 9 ! position ( ! feet on ?is base & 9 ! s]ies ( copies1 :i* argues a simil> pose4 ,! base %[s t ! left leg bore ! weight ( ! /atue2 x 0 slightly advanc$ & re/$ on ! sole1 :ile ! "r leg 0 set back & re/$ on ! ball only4 ,?us ! /atue ( ,kyniskos 0 repres5t$ 9 ! *>act]i/ic ,polykleitan s*ema ( re/1 except t ! position ( ! legs is rev]s$ f t ( ! ,doryphoros1 ,diad\m5os1 ,amazon1 & o!r works ( ! ma/]4 ,we might add t ?is same rev]sal appe>s on two o!r bases f\nd at ,olympia1 :i* held victor /atues by ! eld] ,polykleitos#aahg & "o by ! y\ng]4#aahh ,moreov]1 ! leg position ( ! canon does n occur 9 ! works ( ! ma/]'s pupils ,naukydes & ,daidalos1 & only 9 "o "w ( ,kleon4#aahi ,?is %[s t tea*] & pupils also us$ ano!r motive1 i4 e41 ! old canon ( ,hageladas1 besides ! "o associat$ ) ! ,doryphoros4 ,! simil>ity 9 ! position ( ! feet on ! ,olympia base & 9 ! s]ies ( /atues discuss$ has l$ "s s*ol>s1 e4 g41 ,pet]s5 & ,collignon1 to accept ! propos$ id5tity4 ,?is simil>ity 9 foot position1 ! probability t ! /atue on ! basis 0 life-size1 l ^? ( ! ,we/macott s]ies1 & ! palm-tree support 9 ! ,briti% ,museum replica1 all po9t+ to a victor /atue1 make ! id5tity well )9 ! range ( possibility1 b by no means c]ta94 ,x is necess>y only to rehe>se ! objections to ?is view4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! l5g? ( ! foot on ! ,olympia basis c n be accurately measur$ = purposes ( comp>ison4 ,9 ! next place ,polykleitos1 z we h j se51 made o!r /atues ( victors at ,olympia ) almo/ ! id5tical foot position ( t ( ,kyniskos4 ,fur!rmore1 x seems v unlikely t s celebrat$ an orig9al z t ( ^! _m replicas c\ld h be5 /&+ 9 ! ,altis s late z ! "t ( ,pausanias4#aaij ,x is difficult1 also1 to und]/& :y an imitative ,attic sculptor ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 %\ld make a copy ( an ,arkadian boy victor /atue = ,eleusis4 ,& la/ly we mu/ n =get t up to ! pres5t "t n a s+le ,roman copy has be5 conclusively id5tifi$ ) t ( a victor /atue at ,olympia4 ,if ! date ( ! victory ( ,kyniskos 7 def9itely fix$1 ! "q ( id5tity w\ld be bett] sub/antiat$4 ,by a process ( exclusion1 to be sure1 ,rob]t rea*$ ! date ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c471#aaia b o!r dates are possible4 ,"u ^! circum/ances !re seems to be little m ?an ! possibility t we h recov]$ an actual victor /atue at ,olympia 9 ^! copies4#aaib ,,! ,,palm-,,bran*4 ,! palm-bran*1 ei!r wov5 into a wrea? or held 9 ! h&1 0 a victor attribute4 ,pausanias says t a cr[n ( palm leaves 0 common to _m conte/s1 & t ! victor ev]y:]e 9 ,greece c>ri$ a palm-bran* 9 8 "r h&4#aaic ,he ref]s ! cu/om to my?ical times1 trac+ x back to ! conte/ held by ,!seus on ,delos 9 honor ( ,apollo4#aaid ,pl9y m5tions a pa9t+ by ! ,sikyonian ,eupompos1 :i* repres5t$ a victor c]tam9e gymnico palmam t55s4#aaie ,:ile ,mil*hoef]#aaif believ$ t ! motive ( an a?lete sett+ a cr[n on 8 head ) 8 "r h& & hold+ a palm 9 8 left1 :i* is repeat$ frequ5tly & ) v>iation 9 _m works ( art1 w5t back to ?is pa9t+ ( ,eupompos1 ,furtwa5gl]#aaig goes fur!r 9 assum+ t ! pa9t] d]iv$ ! motive f ! /atue ( ,polykleitos repres5t$ by ! ,we/macott ,a?lete & k9dr$ works j discuss$4 ,! pupils ( ! great sculptor appe> to h transf]r$ 8 s*ool f ,argos to ,sikyon1 & 71 !re=e1 associat$ ) ,eupompos4 ,?is attribute ( ! palm1 p]man5t 9 bronze /atues1 has be5 brok5 (f = ! mo/ "p 9 m>ble ones4 ,we see x 9 an unf9i%$ /atue ( a "y a?lete 9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns1 :o holds ! palm-bran* 9 8 h&4 ,"h x has surviv$1 s9ce ! /atue 0 only block$ out4#aaih ,x is prom95t 9 ! fun]>y /ele f ! ,dipylon repres5t+ a victor1 :i* has be5 m5tion$ 9 a prec$+ section2#aaii "h ! palm ext5ds f ! left h&1 :i* is held d[n close to ! side1 up to ! %\ld]4 ,we h already not$ t ! copyi/ add$ a palm-bran* to ! /ump plac$ beside ! ,vatican girl runn] 7,pl4 #b74 ,9 ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo 7,pl4 #g;,a7 ! left h& %\ld d\btless be re/or$ ) ! palm-bran*1 because ( ! project+ not* ( m>ble on ! side ( ! left leg ne> ! knee4#abjj ,a simil> not* appe>s also on ! ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 9 ,a!ns 7,pl4 #g;,b71 :i* %[s t ! left h& held a long attribute1 :i* 0 d\btless a palm-bran*4 ,?is attribute occurs frequ5tly on vases4#abja ,we see x on a m>ble /atue f\nd at ,=miae & n[ 9 ! ,glypto!k ,ny-,c>lsb]g 9 ,cop5hag51 :i* %[s ! same motive z t ( ! /atue by ,/ephanos 7,pl4 #i71 ?\gh 9 a fre] /yle ( execution4 ,"h ! l[]$ "r h& holds a palm-bran*1 :i* is %[n 9 l[ relief aga9/ ! "r arm4#abjb ,,second>y ,,attributes ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! sculptor 0 n cont5t to repres5t victor /atues m]ely z victors1 b diff]5tiat$ ! v>i\s k9ds ( victors by special attributes4 ,,hoplitodromoi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,m>ble heads ( two ,hoplitodromoi1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,?us a hoplite victor w\ld be repres5t$ ) 8 usual weapons4 ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ ! /atue at ,olympia ( ! hoplite runn] ,dam>etos ( ,h]aia by ! ,argive sculptors ,eutelidas & ,*ryso!mis1 says t x 8has n only a %ield1 z ! arm$ runn]s /ill h1 b also a helmet on 8 head & greaves on 8 legs40#abjc ,he adds t ! helmet & greaves 7 gradually aboli%$ at ,olympia & else:]e4 ,we h se5 t ! /atue ( ,dam>etos 0 set up at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 8 son ,!opompos1 ! p5ta?lete1 won 8 second victory1 ! monum5ts ( ! two be+ 9 common4#abjd ,t[>d ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ! hoplite victor ,mnaseas ( ,kyr5e _h a /atue at ,olympia1 ! "w ( ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion1 :i* repres5t$ him z an arm$ man4#abje ,a ,py?ian victor1 ,telesikrates1 ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 _h a /atue at ,delphi1 :i* repres5t$ him ) a helmet4#abjf ,we h actual remnants ( two hoplite victor /atues ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ! two be>d$ & helmet$ life-size heads ( ,p>ian m>ble f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #cj1 a1 b ,a2 c1 d ,b74#abjg ,! y\ng] ( ^! heads 7,a71 to :i* probably belong ei!r an arm & ! remnants ( a %ield atta*$ ) a ram & a repres5tation ( ,phrixos ^u x 9 relief1#abjh or a %ield fragm5t ) a sir5's w+ ^u x#abji & ! fragm5t ( a %ield edge#abaj & "r foot ( f9e workman%ip1#abaa ,i assign$ long ago to ! /atue ( ! ,!ssalian hoplitodrome ,phrikias ( ,pel9na1 :o won two victories 9 ,ols4 #fh & #fi 7 #ejh & #ejd ,b4 ,c474#abab ,r4 ,fo]/] _h ref]r$ ?is head to ! /atue ( ! hoplite runn] ,dam>etos ( ,h]aia1 ^: monum5t1 9 common ) t ( 8 son1 ! p5ta?lete ,!opompos1 0 ! "w ( ! e>ly ,argive sculptors ,*ryso!mis & ,eutelidas4#abac ,b ?is fre% & vigor\s head is n ,peloponnesian1 b %[s /rongly m>k$ ,attic traits 9 its r\nd face1 full *eeks1 & s(t lips1 & 9 ! r[s ( regul>ly w\nd locks ( hair4 ,! arm & foot simil>ly disclose ,attic s(tness & grace4 ,because ( its ,attic "*1 ,treu & ,ov]beck1#abad 9 opposition to ,fo]/]1 ascrib$ x to ! /atue ( ! ,elean hoplite victor ,ep]a/os m5tion$ by ,pausanias4#abae ,?\gh ! date ( 8 victory is unkn[n1 x c]ta9ly fell "s "t aft] ,ol4 #aaa 7 #ccf ,b4 ,c47--a date f> too late = s ar*aic a sculpture4 ,furtwa5gl]#abaf ref]r$ ?is & ! m ar*aic head ,b to ! gr\p ( ,phormis at ,olympia1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias4#abag ,h[ev]1 ,treu#abah %[$ t !re 0 no /yli/ic connection betwe5 ! two heads4 ,! slightly m ar*aic head ,b1 badly injur$ f wea!r+1 ,i h ref]r$ to ! ,a*aian hoplitodrome ,phanas ( ,pell5e1 :o won ,ol4 #fg 7 #eab ,b4 ,c474#abai ,9 ?is c>efully execut$ head ! hair & be>d are arrang$ 9 small locks & ! ar*aic smile is prom95t4 ,:ile ! y\ng] head is ,attic1 ?is "o is unmi/akably ,peloponnesian2 & :ile ! =m] comes f a /atue repres5t$ at re/1 ! latt]1 because ( ! twi/ ( ! neck1 seems to h come f "o repres5t$ 9 viol5t motion4 ,= ?is reason ,wolt]s believ$ t x came f ! /atue ( a w>rior repres5t$ z ?r[n to ! gr\nd & def5d+ himself4 ,! ,myronic /atue 9 ! ,palazzo ,val5t9i1 ,rome1 kn[n z ,diom$es1#abbj ^: pose recalls ! ,diskobolos1 may repres5t a hoplitodrome1 because ( its m>k$ resemblance 9 attitude to ! ,tueb+5 bronze to be discuss$ 9 ! next *apt] 7,fig4 #db71 & because ( ! helmet on its head4#abba ,,p5ta?letes4 ,p5ta?letes 7 repres5t$ by attributes tak5 f ?ree ( ! five conte/s--jump+1 & ?r[+ ! diskos & ! javel94 ,all ^! attributes appe> 9 gymnasium sc5es pictur$ on r$-figur$ vases4 ,?us a kylix ( ! sev]e /yle 9 ,muni*#abbb gives u a g5]al picture ( ! ex]cises ( ! gymnasium4 ,on ! walls hang diskoi 9 sl+s1 /rigils1 leap+-weights1 oil-flasks1 sponges1 & javel9s4 ,ar*aic leap+-weights 77 appe>$ 9 ! h&s ( ! /atue ( ! ,elean ,hysmon at ,olympia by ! ,sikyonian sculptor ,kleon4#abbc ,simil>ly1 a figure ( ,conte/ 77 9 ! gr\p set up !re by ,miky?os _h weights4#abbd ,! (f]+ ( ! p ( ,m5de at ,olympia v ne>ly deceiv$ ,pausanias into ?9k+ x ! /atue ( a p5ta?lete1 because ( its anci5t halt]es4#abbe ,?is %[s t ^! weights =m$ a regul> attribute ( p5ta?lete /atues !re4 ,a relief f ,sp>ta#abbf repres5ts an a?lete lean+ on 8 spe> & hold+ a pair ( leap+-weights 9 8 "r h&4 ,!re is a bronze /atue ( su* a victor 9 ! ,b]l9 ,antiqu>ium4#abbg ,halt]es hang on a tree-trunk to ! "r ( ! /atue ( an a?lete 9 ! ,pitti palace 9 ,flor5ce4#abbh ,! brea/ ( a m>ble torso1 less ?an life-size1 ( a boy /atue f\nd at ,olympia1 %[s t ! h&s 7 /ret*$ =w>d1 & v possibly ! objects :i* !y held 7 leap+-weights4#abbi ,we h no direct lit]>y ref]5ce to a victor /atue at ,olympia ( a p5ta?lete ) ! attributes ( ! diskos or javel94 ,t !y exi/$ !re1 h[ev]1 seems probable en\gh4 ,su* a "w z ! ,diskobolos ( ,myron1 :i* displays ! y\?ful victor 9 its e l9e1 o!r /atues1 /atuettes1 reliefs1 & vase-pa9t+s1 %[ u h[ ! arti/ repres5t$ ! diff]5t /eps 9 ! ca/+ ( ! quoit4 ,simil>ly1 ! fam\s ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 copies ( :i* h be5 id5tifi$ 9 _m museums 7,pl4 #d & ,fig4 #dh71 w give u an idea h[ a javel9 ?r[] might h be5 repres5t$ at re/4 ,! akontion or victor's ca/+-spe>1 01 z we see f ! ,sp>tan relief ( a p5ta?lete j m5tion$1 ab\t ! height ( a man4 ,! attitude ( ! diskobolos & doryphoros w be discuss$ at l5g? 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,box]s4 ,! /atue ( a box] w\ld be suffici5tly *>act]iz$ by ?ongs1 :i* he might c>ry 9 8 h&1 z 9 ! /atue ( ! ,rhodian ,ak\silaos at ,olympia1#abcj or w\nd r\nd 8 =e>m1 z 9 ! /atue ( a box] 9 ! ,palazzo ,albani1 ,rome1#abca or on a ne>-by prop1 z on ! tree-/ump beside ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,pl4 #g;,a74#abcb ,,wre/l]s4 ,long ago ,s*]] tri$ to %[ t ! aryballos 0 a wre/l]-attribute1 s9ce oil 0 s important 9 wre/l+4#abcc ,he int]pret$ z aryballoi ! pomegranates m5tion$ by ,pausanias z held 9 ! h&s ( ! /atues ( ! wre/l]s ,milo#abcd & ,!ognetos#abce at ,olympia1 assum+ t ! ,p]iegete mi/ook oil-flasks = pomegranates 774 ,b x h>dly seems reasonable t su* a small ut5sil1 :i* 0 us$ by a?letes 9 g5]al1 c\ld ev] h be5 reg>d$ z a peculi> attribute ( ! wre/l]4 ,a simil> attribute may h be5 held 9 ! out/ret*$ h& ( ! half life-size ar*aic bronze 8,apollo0 ( ! ,sci>ra ,palace 9 ,rome1#abcf & x occurs on o!r /atues4#abcg ,,caps ,,= ,,box]s1 ,,pancratia/s1 ,,& ,,wre/l]s4 ,(t5 ! box] & pancratia/ 7& ev5 wre/l]7#abch are repres5t$ z we>+ close-fitt+ caps1 made up ( ?ongs ( lea!r or ( solid lea!r4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely be call$ a det]m9+ attribute4 ,our be/ example ( su* a cap is af=d$ by an a?lete head dat+ f ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 ,rome1#abci =m]ly call$ a portrait ( ,juba ,,ii1 :o 0 ! k+ ( ,numidia & ,mauretania f #be ,b4 ,c4 to #bc ,a4 ,d4 ,?is ascription 0 bas$ on ! b>b>\s look ( ! head & ! fact t ano!r head1 discov]$ 9 ! ,gymnasion ( ,ptolemy 9 ,a!ns & ?\ght to resemble x1 0 assum$ to be t ( ,juba1 s9ce ,pausanias m5tions "o ( t pr9ce !re4#abdj ,x is r ! head ( an a?lete engag$ 9 putt+ on a cap4 ,?is cap consi/s ( ?ree transv]se lea!r pieces cross+ ! head f side to side1 "o ov] ! =ehead1 "o ov] ! cr[n1 & ! ?ird ov] ! occiput1 all ?ree conv]g+ above ! e>s4 ,a f\r? /rap fa/5s !m toge!r & is drawn ov] ! cr[n f =ehead to occiput4 ,9 ! complete /atue d\btless ! h&s 7 rais$ to ! head1 grasp+ ! /raps ne> ! e>s to fa/5 !m4 ,?is is1 !re=e1 an anticipation ( ! lat] ,diad\m5os motive4 ,we see x 9 a /atuette =m]ly 9 ! ,/rogan(f collection 9 ,rome1 b n[ 9 private possession 9 ,engl&1#abda :i* repres5ts an a?lete putt+ on a simil> head-dress4 ,?\gh ! arms ( ! /atuette are gone1 rema9s ( ! two h&s are se5 t\*+ ! left e> & ty+ ! /raps1 "o ( :i* runs ar\nd ! cranium above ! swoll5 "r e>4 ,) ?is complicat$ head-dress we may comp>e ! close-fitt+ cap--evid5tly ( lea!r--pictur$ on an ar*ai/ic ,greek votive relief-9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 9 ,rome1 :i* repres5ts an a?lete wa%+ 8 h&s 9 a bas91 :i* /&s on a tripod4#abdb ,"h ! cap is fa/5$ by two b&s1 "o ar\nd & ! o!r "u ! *94 ,an object 9 ! upp] left corn] ( ! relief1 enclos$ 9 a frame1 appe>s to be a victor cr[n adorn$ ) b[-knots4 ,su* caps1 us$ 9 wre/l+1 w\ld make x impossible = an oppon5t to grasp ! hair2 9 box+ & ! pankration x w\ld protect ! head f injury4 ,we saw t su* a cap 0 pictur$ on a ,muni* kylix ( ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,x is probable t su* caps 7 cu/om>y at a p]iod be=e a?letes lo/ _! long hair & t x 0 cont9u$ aft]w>ds = v>i\s reasons4 ,! little /atuette f ,autun n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #fj71 repres5t+ a pancratia/1 has a close-fitt+ cap4 ,! r+ at ! top %[s t ?is /atuette 0 hung up--p]haps be+ us$ z a weight 9 a ,roman scale1 or p]haps = adornm5t4 ,9 lat] days boys :ile practis+ 9 ! pal/ra1 b nev] at ! public games1 wore e>-lappets 7 or 7 to protect _! e>s1 n dissimil> to ^? worn 9 our day = protection aga9/ ! cold4 ,we see !m on a m>ble head1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,fabretti4#abdc ,,! ,,swoll5 ,,e>4 ,we h la/ly to speak ( ! swoll5 e>1 :i* 0 an attribute ( victor /atues1 bo? prim>y & second>y1 s9ce x *>act]iz$ victors z su*1 & also e>ly diff]5tiat$ victors 9 v>i\s conte/s4 ,swoll5 e>s may h play$ a role z a *>act]i/ic attribute ( pugili/s 9 e>ly times4#abdd ,we f\nd !m on ! ,rayet head 9 ! ,jacobs5 collection 7,fig4 #bb71 :i* belongs to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & comes f ! fun]>y /atue ( an a?lete1 probably a box]4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 !y came to *>act]ize pancratia/s1 wre/l]s1#abde & a?letes 9 g5]al4 ,! assumption1 !n1 t heads ) swoll5 e>s come f /atues ( box]s1#abdf & t ! box] 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t ,greek hi/ory z ! 8man ) ! cru%$ e>0 is errone\s4#abdg ,! e>lie/ lit]>y ref]5ce to ! bruis$ e> is 9 ,plato4#abdh ,! philosoph] us$ ! t]m slight+ly ( ^? :o imitat$ ,sp>tan cu/oms1 especially ,sp>tan box+4 ,! ,lac$monians nev] box$ sci5tifically1 b f\ght ) b>e fi/s & )\t rules4 ,lit]>y evid5ce1 fur!rmore1 %[s t bruis$ e>s did n play ! "p 9 box+ mat*es :i* o!r bruis$ features ( ! face did--! eyes1 nose1 m\?1 tee?1 & *94 ,vase-pa9t+s su/a9 ?is evid5ce1 = we (t5 see bloody noses & cuts on ! *eeks & *91 b no cru%$ e>s4#abdi ,9 %ort1 ! cru%$ e> 0 m]ely a pr(essional *>act]i/ic1 a reali/ic detail1 common to a?letes ( v>i\s sorts1 &1 z we %all see1 to w>riors1 gods1 & h]oes4 ,to quote ,homolle3 8,la b\ffissure des oreilles ellemme n'e/ pas un trait p]sonnel1 mais un c>actre pr(essionnel2 elle ne dsigne pas ,agias1 mais en gnral le lutteur4 ,cette d=mation peut atte9dre mme un dieu1 s'il a pratiqu les ex]cices gymna/iques et pass sa vie dans les luttes04#abej ,x is f\nd con/antly on a?letic types ( heads 9 sculpture1 :e!r ^! repres5t gods or mortals4 ,a few examples w make ?is cle>4 ,! foll[+ heads ( a?letes %[ ! swoll5 e>s3 ! bronze portrait head ( a box] or pancratia/ f ,olympia1 dat+ f ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 or ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird 7,fig4 #fa ,a & ,b72#abea ! m>ble head f ! /atue ( ! box] ,phil&ridas set up among ! victor /atues at ,olympia1 ! "w ( ,lysippos 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi72abeb ! head ( ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,agias at ,delphi 7,pl4 #bh & ,fig4 #fh7 2#abec t ( ! ,seat$ ,box] 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me 9 ,rome 7,pl4 #af & ,fig4 #bg72abed t ( ! ,apoxyom5os ( ! ,uffizi 9 ,flor5ce 7,pl4 #ab72abee ! bronze head f an a?lete /atue f\nd at ,t>sos & n[ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 an ,attic "w ( ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42#abef ! beautiful bronze head ( a box] 9 ! ,glypto!k 7,pl4 #c72abeg ! head ( ! s-call$ ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 9 ,a!ns 7,pl4 #g;,b72#abeh ! a?lete head f ,p]9?os 7,fig4 #cc72abei ! bronze copy ( ! head ( ! ,doryphoros1 f\nd 9 ,h]culaneum & n[ 9 ,naples1 by ! ,attic arti/ ,apollonios 7,fig4 #dg72abfj ! ,ince-,blundell head 9 ,engl&1 to be discuss$2 f\r heads 9 ,cop5hag52#abfa ! rem>kably beautiful bu/ ( an a?lete 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york 7,pl4 #bj71 ^: r\nd$ skull1 oval face1 project+ l[] =ehead1 & dreamy1 half-clos$ eyes place x 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 a "w influ5c$ by ! art ( ,praxiteles4#abfb ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bj ,head ( an ,a?lete1 ,s*ool ( ,praxiteles4 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,:5 we consid] heads ( gods & h]oes we f9d ! swoll5 e>s on a v>iety ( types4 ,we see !m on ! s-call$ ,borghese ,w>rior ( ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #dc71abfc =m]ly call$ a ,gladiator1 & on ! m>ble /atue ( ,kresilan /yle 9 ,muni*1 :i* has be5 kn[n s9ce ,brunn's int]pretation z ,diom$es 7c>ry+ (f ! ,palladion f ,troy7 7,pl4 #ba74abfd ,?is latt] /atue is a c>eful1 ?\gh inexact1 ,hadrianic copy ( a fam\s "w & is %[n to repres5t ! h]o1 & n an a?lete1 by ! mantle ?r[n ov] ! arm4 ,skill 9 ! box+ mat*1 ! r\ghe/ & mo/ dang]\s ( sports1 is z appropriate to ,diom$es z to ,h]akles himself4 ,! cru%$ e>s appe> on ! ,dresd5 replica ( ?is /atue1 a ca/ f ! ,m5gs collection1 ! orig9al ( :i* 0 once probably 9 ,engl&1#abfe b d n appe> on ! poor copy 9 ! ,l\vre4#abff ,!y also appe> on ! ,myronian bu/ 9 ! ,ricc>di ,palace1 ,flor5ce1 :i* is a copy ( an orig9al t 01 p]haps1 ! =]unn] ( ! ,kresilan ,diom$es4#abfg ,"h aga9 ! g>m5t ?r[n ov] ! left %\ld] %[s t a y\?ful h]o1 & n an a?lete1 is int5d$4 ,on heads ( ,h]akles ! swoll5 e>s are v common4 ,! fir/ dat$ repres5tation ( ! h]o ) batt]$ e>s appe>s to be on co9s ( ,euagoras ,i1 ! k+ ( ,salamis 9 ,cyprus dur+ ! ye>s #daj-cgd ,b4 ,c4#abfh ,we h sev]al examples 9 sculpture f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,?us swoll5 e>s & ! victor fillet appe> on ! ,skopaic head 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum4#abfi ,ano!r example is ! t]m9al bu/ ( ! y\?ful h]o f\nd 9 #aggg at ,g5zano1 & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ca74abgj ,?is head wrea!d ) popl> leaves1 is probably a ,grco-,roman copy ( an orig9al ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 by an arti/ ( ! s*ool ( ,lysippos4 ,9 ! gr\p repres5t+ ,h]akles & 8 son ,telephos1 a ,roman copy 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti ( ! ,vatican1 ! h]o is repres5t$ ) fillet & batt]$ e>s4#abga ,a ,p>ian m>ble head1 encircl$ by a cr[n1 9 ! ,glypto!k1 go+ back to a ,lysippan bronze orig9al1 seems to come f ! /atue ( ! h]o repres5t$ z a victor4#abgb ,ano!r life-size head1 ( poor workman%ip1 9 ! ,*i>amonti collection ( ! ,vatican1 sometimes confus$ ) ! ,doryphoros head-type1 seems to come f a /atue ( ,h]akles1 z %[n by ! brok5 e>s & roll$ fillet1 ! latt] a well-kn[n attribute ( ! h]o tak5 f ! symposium4#abgc ,a mu* f9] replica is ! bu/ f ,h]culaneum n[ 9 ,naples4#abgd ,swoll5 e>s appe> also on heads ( ,ares4 ,we may in/ance ! helmet$ "o 9 ! ,l\vre1#abge & especially ! replica 9 ! ,palazzo ,torlonia 9 ,rome4#abgf ,!y are less prom95t on a ,p>ian m>ble head ( ! god 9 ! ,glypto!k1 :i* appe>s to be a copy ( an orig9al ( :i* ! ,ares ,ludovisi is a m complete "o4#abgg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,head ( ,h]akles1 f ,g5zano4 ,briti% ,museum ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ba ,/atue ( ,diom$es ) ! ,palladion4 ,glypto!k1 ,muni*4 ,s f> z we "k1 ! /atues ( wre/l]s1 runn]s 7except hoplitodromes71 & probably pancratia/s 7 n di/+ui%$ by special attributes4 ,9 ^! cases ! sculptor 0 oblig$ to express ! type ( conte/ 9 ! figure itself4 ,8 problem1 !re=e1 0 to repres5t ! victor 9 ! *>act]i/ic pose ( ! conte/ 9 :i* he _h won 8 victory1 t is1 by repres5t+ ! /atue z if 9 movem5t4 ,?is br+s u to ! second division ( our treatm5t ( victor /atues1 ^? :i* repres5t$ ! victor n at re/1 b 9 motion1 a s*eme :i*1 9 c\rse ( "t1 0 ext5d$ n only to victors 9 wre/l+ & runn+1 b to ^? 9 all conte/s1 by repres5t+ !m 9 ! v act ( cont5d+4 ,! treatm5t ( ?is class ( monum5ts w occupy ! *ief portion ( ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,victor ,,/atues ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,motion4 ,,plates #bb-be ,,& ,,figures #cb-fb4 ,j :5 ! important /ep ( repres5t+ ! victor 9 motion in/ead ( at re/ 0 tak5 9 ,greek a?letic sculpture we c n def9itely say4 ,! /atem5t ( ,cornelius ,nepos t ! /atues ( a?letes 7 fir/ repres5t$ 9 movem5t 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 aft] ! "t ( ! ,a!nian g5]al ,*abrias--^: image he describes z repres5t+ ,*abrias 9 8 favorite po/ure ) 8 spe> po9t$ at ! enemy & 8 %ield on 8 knee--has long s9ce be5 %[n to be wor?less4#abgh ,nor is ! assumption ( _m ar*ologi/s#abgi t ?is advance 9 ! pla/ic art 0 tak5 ov] into a?letic sculpture soon aft] ! /atues ( ! ,tyrannicides 7 set up at ,a!ns1 :i* repres5t$ !m 9 ! mid/ ( _! impetu\s onslaught on ,hipp>*os1 to be reli$ ^u4 ,^! /atues1 h[ev]1 occupy s important a place 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek sculpture t we %all consid] !m briefly 9 ?is connection4 ,,! ,,tyrannicides4 ,! bronze /atues ( ! popul> h]oes ,h>modios & ,ari/ogeiton1 by ! sculptor ,ant5or1 71 9 all probability1 set up 9 ! ,a!nian agora 9 #ejf-e ,b4 ,c4#abhj ,! gr\p 0 c>ri$ (f to ,susa by ,x]xes 9 #dhj ,b4 ,c41 & to replace x a new gr\p1 d\btless a free imitation ( ! old] "o1 & probably also ( bronze1 0 set up 9 #dgg ,b4 ,c41 ! "w ( ! sculptors ,kritios & ,nesiotes4#abha ,ne>ly a c5tury & a half lat] ! /ol5 gr\p 0 re/or$ to ,a!ns by ,alex&] ! ,great#abhb & ! two cont9u$ to /& side by side 9 ,a!ns d[n to ! "t ( ,pausanias4 ,nei!r ( ^! gr\ps has surviv$ to our "t1 b a late ,roman m>ble copy ( "o1 some:at ov] lifesize1 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ,hadrian's villa & n[ 9 ,naples1 gives u a good idea ( ! orig9al1 despite re/orations 7,fig4 #cb1 ,h>modios74#abhc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,/atue ( ,h>modios4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,! recon/ruction ( ?is gr\p is aid$ by sev]al m9or works ( art1 reliefs1 vase-pa9t+s1 co9s1 lead m>ks1 etc41 ! numb] ( :i* %[s t x 0 a common subject = ,a!nian arti/s4 ,bo?o ,graef1 by a c>eful /udy ( ! female /atue f\nd on ! ,akropolis 9 #ahhf & inscrib$ z ! "w ( ,ant5or1 has %[n t ! /yli/ic contra/ betwe5 x & ! ,naples gr\p is too great = ! latt] to be assign$ to ,ant5or4#abhd ,x is n[1 !re=e1 ! prevail+ view t ! ,naples gr\p reproduces ! lat] /atues ( ,kritios & 8 associate4#abhe ,we d n "k1 !n1 h[ ! old] gr\p look$1 b we are c]ta9 t x 0 diff]5t f ! lat] "o1 =1 9 ! ye>s elaps+ betwe5 ! dates ( ! two1 ,attic sculptors _h become entirely free f ! ,ionic influ5ce :i* we discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] & :i* *>act]izes ! female /atue ( ,ant5or4 ,ar*aic /iffness1 h[ev]1 is /ill traceable 9 ! lat] gr\p1 = 9 ! copy we see a "w :i* is 8concise1 s9ewy1 h>d1 & ) /ra9$ l9es10 9 h>mony ) ,lucian's *>act]ization ( ! works ( ,hegias1 ,kritios1 & ,nesiotes4#abhf ,! re/orations ( ! ,naples gr\p1 ?\gh "r 9 ! ma91 make u d\btful z to ! exact pose ( ! orig9al figures4#abhg ,h>modios has new arms1 new "r leg1 & left leg bel[ ! knee1 :ile ,ari/ogeiton has a ,lysippan head 9 place ( ! orig9al be>d$ "o1 to correspond bett] ) t ( 8 companion4 ,8 left arm1 ) ! drap]y hang+ d[n1 has be5 put on at a wrong angle1 z he %\ld be repres5t$ hold+ a scabb>d 9 ! left h& & a sword 9 ! "r4 ,on a vase fragm5t 7o9o*oe7 9 ,bo/on#abhh bo? h]oes are mak+ ! onset1 ! y\ng] "o 7,h>modios7 9 front ( ! o!r1 b 9 ! orig9al /atues1 !y 7 probably mak+ ! onset abrea/1 some?+ t ! vase-pa9t] c\ld n repres5t4#abhi ,:ile ! ,akropolis ephebe1 already discuss$ z %[+ ,argive influ5ce 7,fig4 #ag71 /ill %[s b little break ) ! law ( 8frontality0 =mulat$ by ,j4 ,lange1#abij :]eby an 8imag9>y l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! skull1 nose1 backbone1 & navel1 divid+ ! body into two symmetrical halves1 is inv>iably /raight1 nev] b5d+ to ei!r side10 ! ,tyrannicides h brok5 x completely4 ,! ephebe has 8 head slightly turn$ to "o side1 &1 because ( resemblances 9 head & body to ! figure ( ,h>modios1 has be5 assign$ to ,kritios or 8 s*ool4#abia ,ano!r /atue at re/ ascrib$ to ! same s*ool is ! a?lete 9 ! ,somze collection1 :i* rem9ds u ( ! ,pelops ( ! ,ea/ ,gable at ,olympia4#abib ,we h record ( "o m /atue by ,kritios himself1 :i* 0 repres5t$ 9 motion only less viol5t ?an t ( ! ,tyrannicides4 ,pausanias saw on ! ,akropolis ( ,a!ns a /atue by him ( ! hoplite runn] ,epi*>9os1 :i* repres5t$ ! a?lete 9 ! attitude ( "o practic+ />ts1 p]haps 9 ! v pose ( ! ,tueb+5 /atuette 7,fig4 #db74abic ,9 ! /atues ( ! ,tyrannicides1 !n1 :i* might pass equally well = typical a?letes ( ! "t1 we h examples ( /atues 9 motion at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 = ! same viol5t action mu/ h *>act]iz$ ! e>li] gr\p ( ,ant5or z ! lat] "o4 ,we h se5 t ! ,aeg9etan sculptors n only made p$im5t gr\ps 9 action at a date n lat] ?an t ( ! gr\p by ,kritios & ,nesiotes1 b s+le figures /ill e>li]4 ,?us ! sculptor ,glaukias repres5t$ ! ,k>y/ian boy box] ,glaukos 9 ! act ( sp>r+ ) an imag9>y oppon5t4#abid ,?\gh ,glaukos won 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 8 /atue 0 set up lat] by 8 son1 p]haps z late z ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or ! beg9n+ ( ! fif?1 z ! floruit ( ! sculptor w\ld %[4#abie ,?is is ! olde/ example atte/$ by lit]>y evid5ce ( an a?lete /atue 9 motion at ,olympia4 ,:e!r ,glaukias got 8 motive f ,ant5or's ,tyrannicides1 or :e!r 8 "w 0 ! old]1 we c n det]m9e1 b x is safe to say t ?is g5re ( /atu>y mu/ h exi/$ at ,olympia long be=e1 z we "k x did else:]e4 ,! ,ramp9 head1 already discuss$ z a fragm5t ( a victor /atue1 %[s by ! turn ( its neck t a?lete /atues repres5t$ 9 motion exi/$ at lea/ z f> back z ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#abif ,,antiquity ,,( ,,motion ,,/atues ,,9 ,,greece4 ,ap>t f specifically a?letic types1 we "k t /atues 9 motion1 especially ^? repres5t+ w+$ figures1 ant$at$ ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ,greece1 & 71 p]haps1 coeval ) ! v orig9 ( ,greek art4#abig ,we "k t ! olde/ ,egyptian art attempt$ to r5d] ! human body 9 motion4 ,we may in/ance ! lime/one fun]>y /atuette dat+ f ! ,old ,k+dom1 :i* repres5ts a slave woman gr9d+ corn1#abih & simil> figures f\nd 9 ! graves ( ,memphis4 ,9 fact1 ! mak+ ( su* /atues ceas$ 9 ,egyptian art aft] ! end ( ! ,old ,k+dom4 ,:ile ,assyro-,babylonian art repres5t$ figures 9 motion only on reliefs1 ,cretan art1 z we h se5 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 %[$ ! utmo/ skill 9 repres5t+ movem5t 9 figures 9 ! r\nd4 ,x us$ to be assum$ t 9 ,greek art motion /atues develop$ out ( ! ar*aic 8,apollo0 type ?r\gh ! gradual free+ ( legs & arms4 ,any su* assumption is easily disprov$ by ! fact t figures 9 motion exi/1 :i* date back almo/ z f> z figures at re/4 ,x is equally fallaci\s to argue t slight movem5t 0 easi] = ! e>ly arti/ to repres5t ?an viol5t movem5t1 = j ! contr>y 0 ! case1 s t 9 g5]al ! great] ! movem5t repres5t$1 ! great] is ! age ( ! giv5 monum5t4 ,e>ly vase-pa9t+s %[ t ! e>ly pa9t] delight$ 9 portray+ free movem5t4#abii ,x may be t ! vase-pa9t] prec$$ ! sculptor 9 portray+ movem5t1 = x 0 easi] to effect ?is 9 two dim5sions ?an 9 ?ree4 ,b t /atues 9 motion 7 already kn[n at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 at lea/1 is %[n by ! w+$ fly+ figure kn[n z ! ,nike ( ,ar*]mos1#acjj une>!d on ! isl& ( ,delos by ! ,fr5* 9 #ahgg1 :i* is a ma/]piece ( e>ly ,*ian sculpture1 p]haps coeval ) ! /atue d$icat$ to ,artemis by ,nik&re ( ,naxos1 f\nd a ye> lat] on ,delos1#acja ev5 ?\gh ! latt] appe>s m ar*aic4 ,?is e>lie/ example ( treat+ a fly+ figure 9 ,greek sculpture we f9d repeat$ almo/ un*ang$ = a long "t aft]1 especially = akrot]ia figures on temples & 9 ! m9or arts4 ,we might m5tion ! bronze /atuette ( ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 f\nd on ! ,akropolis1 :i* comes f ! edge ( a vessel & repres5ts a w+$ ,nike spr++ ?r\gh ! air1 ! legs 9 pr(ile & ! head & upp] body turn$ to ! front1 j z 9 ! figure ( ,ar*]mos4#acjb ,su* figures completely disprove ! cont5tion ( ,sikes t ! ,greek idea ( a w+$ ,nike did n ant$ate ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#acjc ,! e>ly date ( /atues repres5t$ 9 a lung+ attitude1 l ! ,tyrannicides1 is also %[n by ! /ory t ,h]akles de/roy$ 8 own /atue by ,daidalos 9 ! agora ( ,elis1 because 9 ! night he mi/ook x = an enemy lung+ at him4 ,! s*eme ( combatants fight+ ) lances seems to h be5 native to ,rhodian art at ! end ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 = we see x fir/ on a pa9t$ t]ra-cotta plate 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* repres5ts ,hektor & ,m5elaos fight+ = ! body ( ,euphorbos4#acjd ,?is pose 0 tak5 ov] into o!r arts1 z we see x 9 ! bronze /atuette ( a w>rior f\nd 9 ,dodona 9 #ahhj1 n[ 9 ! ,antiqu>ium 9 ,b]l91 :i* dates f ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or ! beg9n+ ( ! fif?4#acje ,all ^! examples are suffici5t to %[ t repres5t+ ! human figure 9 motion 0 an anci5t motive 9 ,greek art4 ,,py?agoras ,,& ,,myron4 ,besides ,kritios1 two o!r sculptors ( ! transitional p]iod--,py?agoras & ,myron--gave a great impetus to ! type ( /atue 9 motion 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r we %all briefly consid] _! arti/ic activity4 ,! attempt to ascribe some?+ tangible to ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion has (t5 be5 made4#acjf ,practically all we really "k ab\t him is t he 0 celebrat$ = 8 /atues ( a?letes4 ,pausanias m5tions sev5 /atues at ,olympia ( victors :o won 9 _m diff]5t ev5ts1 9 runn+ 7includ+ ! hoplite-race71 wre/l+1 box+1 & ! *>iot-race2 & ,pl9y1 9 giv+ a li/ ( 8 works1 praises ! /atue ( a pancratia/ at ,delphi4#acjg ,?us ,pausanias records ! /atues ( ! ,sicilian wre/l] ,leontiskos1 :o won two victories 9 ,ols4 #ha & #hb 7 #def & #deb ,b4 ,c472#acjh ( ! boy box] ,protolaos ( ,mant9ea1 :o won 9 ,ol4 787 #gd 7 #dhd ,b4 ,c472#acji ( ! box] ,eu?ymos ( ,lokroi1 :o won ?ree times 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf1 #gg 7 #dhd1 #dgf1 #dgb ,b4 ,c472#acaj ( ,dromeus ( ,/ymphalos1 :o won ! long foot-race 77 twice 9 ,ols4 787 #hj & #ha 7 #dfj & #def ,b4 ,c472#acaa ( ,a/ylos ( ,kroton1 :o won ! /ade-race1 ! d\ble foot-race 77 ?ree times1 & ! hoplite-race twice 9 ,ols4 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf 7 #dhh-dgf ,b4 ,c472#acab ( ! hoplite victor ,mnaseas ( ,kyr5e1 victor 9 ,ol4 #ha 7 #def ,b4 ,c472#acac & ( ! latt]'s son ,krati/h5es1 :o won ! *>iot-race 9 ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c474#acad ,"s ( ^! /atues at ,olympia mu/ h be5 repres5t$ at re/1 :ile o!rs appe> to h be5 repres5t$ 9 motion4 ,?us ! /atue ( ,mnaseas--?\gh x is possible t x 0 repres5t$ 9 motion l t ( ,epi*>9os by ,kritios already m5tion$--0 probably repres5t$ at re/1 s9ce ,pausanias describ$ x simply z t ( an 4#acae ,:5 we inquire into ! /yle ( ,py?agoras we d n f9d mu* t is def9ite to guide u4 ,besides ! b>e li/ ( 8 works1 we h little except ! /atem5t ( ,diog5es ,la]tios t he 0 ! fir/ to aim at rhy?m & symmetry4#acaf ,nev]!less _m attempts h be5 made to id5tify 8 a?lete /atues ) exi/+ copies4 ,wald/e9's int]pretation ( ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,pl4 #g;,a71 & ( ! s-call$ ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 9 ,a!ns 7,pl4 #g;,b71 z copies ( an orig9al a?lete /atue1 is1 z we h %[n 9 ! second *apt]1 well-f\nd$1 s9ce ! muscul> build & ! coiffure ( ^! /atues betok5 ! a?lete4 ,b 8 fur!r attempt to %[ t ! orig9al 0 by ,py?agoras1 & 8 id5tify+ x ) ! /atue ( ! box] ,eu?ymos at ,olympia1 is n s reasonable4#acag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,head ( an ,a?lete1 f ,p]9?os4 ,alb]t9um1 ,dresd54 ,! attempt to ascribe ! head ( a pancratia/ f ,p]9?os 9 ,dresd5 7,fig4 #cc7acah to ,py?agoras is n conv9c+1 ?\gh ,furtwa5gl] has includ$ x 9 8 provisional ,py?agorean gr\p1#acai z he does ! box] 9 ! ,l\vre kn[n z ,pollux 7,fig4 #eh71acbj ! a?lete ( ! ,boboli ,g>d5s 9 ,flor5ce =m]ly call$ ,h>modios by ,b5ndorf1#acba & ! /atue ( an a?lete ( lat] /yle 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4#acbb ,o!r s*ol>s h also connect$ ! ,p]9?os head ) ,py?agoras4#acbc ,h]mann br\ght x into relation ) ! bu/ 9 ! ,ricc>di ,palace 9 ,flor5ce1 :i*1 despite its swoll5 e>s1 we h already class$ z repres5t+ a h]o & n an a?lete1 because ( ! g>m5t ?r[n ov] ! %\ld]4#acbd ,furtwa5gl] tri$ to %[ t ?is bu/ 0 ,myronian 9 /yle1 class+ x & ! head ( an a?lete 9 ,ince ,blundell ,hall1 ,lanca%ire1 ,engl&1#acbe along ) t ( ! e>li] ,diskobolos1 expla9+ ! ackn[l$g$ diff]5ces 9 ! ?ree by ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,myron primus multiplicasse v]itatem videtur4#acbf ,arndt li/s ! ,p]9?os1 ,ricc>di1 & ,ince ,blundell heads1 toge!r ) two o!rs 9 ! ,jakobs5 collection 9 ,cop5hag51#acbg ! head ( ! s-call$ ,pollux ( ! ,l\vre1 a be>d$ head 9 ,petrograd1#acbh & ! s-call$ head ( ,peisi/ratos 9 ! ,villa ,albani1 ,rome1#acbi z works emanat+ f "o s*ool ( sculptors--! diff]5ces be+ expla9$ by ! _m copyi/s4 ,b to attempt to diff]5tiate )9 ! gr\p two diff]5t sculptors1 ,myron or ,py?agoras1 he f9ds impossible1 *iefly because we are deal+ 9 e case ) copies & n ) orig9als1 & because 9 no case are we c]ta9 t ! head belongs to ! torso on :i* x is set4#accj ,/ill ano!r critic1 ,a4 ,s*ob]1 classes toge!r z m or less relat$ works ! ,ricc>di1 ,ince ,blundell1 ,p]9?os1 & ,ny-,c>lsb]g heads1 ! ,l\vre box] 7,pollux71 ,*9n]y ,h]mes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#acca ! ,boboli a?lete1 ! a?lete metamorphos$ into a ,h]mes 9 ! ,loggia ,scop]ta ( ! ,vatican1 & ! ,lansd[ne a?lete1 & f9ds !m all ,myronian4 ,he believes ! ,p]9?os head to be ! prototype ( ! ,ricc>di & ,ince ,blundell heads4#accb ,9 all ?is confusion ( op9ion z to ! /yle ( ,py?agoras1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any fix$ crit]ion ( judgm5t furni%$ by an orig9al au!nticat$ "w1 x seems haz>d\s to ascribe ?is or t sculpture to ?is little-kn[n arti/4 ,! difficulty ( sep>at+ ,myron & ,py?agoras is ev5 great] ?an t :i* confronts u 9 try+ to di/+ui% works ( ,lysippos & ,skopas 9 ! next c5tury4 ,we may "s day recov] a g5u9e ,py?agorean a?lete /atue1 ?\gh ?is is extremely improbable n[ t we h no m to expect f ,olympia & ,delphi1 :]e mo/ ( 8 /atues appe> to h /ood4 ,b despite ! difficulty1 _m id5tifications ( 8 ,olympia /atues h be5 sugge/$1 "s ( :i* we %all n[ m5tion4 ,z ,pausanias says t ! victor ,mnaseas 0 surnam$ ,libys1 ! ,libyan1 & t 8 /atue 0 by ,py?agoras1 x may be t ?is is ! /atue m5tion$ by ,pl9y 9 ! words3 ,py?agoras fecit 444 et ,libyn1 pu]um t55tem tabellam eodem loco 7 ,olympiae7 et mala f]5tem nudum4#accc ,h[ev]1 9 t case we c n connect ! words ,libyn & pu]um1 s9ce "o repres5t$ a man & ! o!r a boy4#accd ,consequ5tly1 ,pl9y is speak+ ( ?ree diff]5t /atues1 & n two1 by ?is arti/4 ,reis* believes t ! /atues ( ! boy & ! nude man 7 repres5t$ at re/1#acce ! boy be>+ a tablet 7i4 e41 an iconic 7 9 8 h&1 l ! ,a!nian y\? appe>+ on a vase-pa9t+ 9 ,muni*4#accf ,ano!r s*ol>1 ,l4 von ,urli*s1 =m]ly id5tifi$ ! boy c>ry+ ! tablet ) ! /atue ( ,protolaos at ,olympia1#accg expla9+ ! tablet z a means ( *>act]iz+ ! "y le>n]4 ,he *ang$ 8 !ory lat]1#acch :51 9 consequ5ce ( ! discov]y ( ! ,cor9?ian tablets1 he call$ x a votive tablet4 ,8 son1 ,h4 ,l4 von ,urli*s1 agre$ ) him because ( a passage 9 ! collection ( ,prov]bs by ,z5obios1 ! sophi/ ( ,hadrian's age1#acci accord+ to :i* ! m>ble /atue ( ,nemesis at ,rhamn\s by ,pheidias' favorite pupil1 ! ,p>ian sculptor ,agorakritos1#acdj held an apple-bran* 9 h] left h&1 f :i* a small tablet conta9+ ! arti/'s "n 0 susp5d$1 & also because c]ta9 co9s ( ,syracuse & ,catania repres5t ,nike z c>ry+ a tablet hung by a ribbon1 on :i* ! co9-/rik]'s "n 0 engrav$4#acda ,! same s*ol> fur!r id5tifi$ ! nude man c>ry+ ! apples ) ! /atue ( ,dromeus at ,olympia4 ,s9ce ,pl9y does n expressly say t ! /atue ( ! nude man 0 at ,olympia1 ev5 ?\gh ! s5se ( ! passage incl9es u to ?9k x 01 ,l4 von ,urli*s int]prets ! apples 9 ! h& z an additional prize at ,delphi1 & s makes ! /atue t ( a ,py?ian victor4#acdb ,all su* id5tifications are bas$ on too unc]ta9 premises4 ,t ,py?agoras did make /atues 9 motion is prov$ by 8 /atue ( a limp+ man at ,syracuse m5tion$ by ,pl9y#acdc 9 v reali/ic t]ms4 ,we "k ( o!r /atues by him repres5t+ a?letes 9 motion only by inf]5ce4 ,?us1 9 ! passage j quot$1 ,pl9y says t he surpass$ ,myron ) 8 ,delphian pancratia/1 :i* appe>s1 inasmu* z ,pl9y m]ely calls ! /atue a pancratia/ )\t m5tion+ any attribute1 to h be5 repres5t$ 9 ! *>act]i/ic lung+ pose4#acdd ,h[ev]1 we c n say def9itely1 s9ce ! contempor>y /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,kallias1 by ,mikon ( ,a!ns1 0 repres5t$ 9 ! attitude ( re/1 z we le>n f ! footpr9ts on its recov]$ base4#acde ,pl9y also says t ,py?agoras surpass$ ) 8 ,delphian pancratia/ 8 own /atue ( ,leontiskos1#acdf a /atem5t :i* simil>ly appe>s to m>k ! latt] z a /atue 9 motion4 ,reis* assumes t ! /atue ( ,eu?ymos 0 9 motion1 s9ce ,pausanias says x 0 an 4#acdg ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we may assume t ,py?agoras 0 a sculptor :o repres5t$ _m ( 8 victors 9 ! attitude ( motion4 ,love ( movem5t also *>act]iz$ ! arti/ic temp]am5t ( ,myron1 ev5 ?\gh we "k t he repres5t$ gods1 h]oes1 & ev5 a?letes1 at re/4 ,?us co9s %[ t ,a!na 9 8 ,m>syas gr\p 0 repres5t$ z /&+ 9 a tranquil pose4#acdh ,simil>ly ! ,ricc>di bu/ 9 ,flor5ce1 already discuss$1 :i* may be ,myronian1 comes f a /atue ( a h]o %[n 9 an attitude ( re/4 ,myron 0 ! fir/ ,greek sculptor to make 8 /atues & gr\ps self-suffici5t1#acdi t is1 he gave to !m a conc5tration :i* does n all[ ! spectator's att5tion to w&]4 ,we readily see ?is new pr9ciple 9 art :5 we comp>e ! ,diskobolos & ! gr\p ( ! ,tyrannicides4 ,9 ! latt] our att5tion is n conc5trat$1 = a ?ird figure1 t ( ! tyrant on :om ! onset is be+ made1 is requir$ 9 imag9ation to complete ! gr\p4 ,we h no orig9als f ,myron's h&1 b we are 9 f> bett] case 9 reg>d to 8 "w ?an 9 reg>d to t ( ,py?agoras1 s9ce we h unmi/akable copies ( two ( 8 greate/ works1 ! ,m>syas & ! ,diskobolos4 ,9 !m !re is little trace ( ! ar*aic /iffness t is /ill visible 9 ! ,tyrannicides4 ,bo? ( ^! works are repres5t$ 9 viol5t action1 & 9 bo? !re is complete conc5tration4 ,:ile ! ,diskobolos repres5ts a tra9$ pal/ra a?lete execut+ a graceful movem5t1 ! ,m>syas repres5ts a wild ,satyr ( ! woods1 :olly untra9$ & controll$ by savage passions1 9 ! mom5t ( fe>4#acej ,9 ! ,diskobolos ! face is impassive1 be+ little affect$ by ! viol5t movem5t ( ! body--a contra/ only p>tly to be expla9$ z due to ! copyi/2 9 ! ,m>syas1 on ! contr>y1 !re is complete h>mony betwe5 ! facial expression & ! viol5t action ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bb ,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 f ,ca/el ,porziano1 aft] ,myron4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 aft] ,myron4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,s9ce we are *iefly dep5d5t = our k ( ,myron's a?letic "w on ! m>ble copies ( ! ,diskobolos1 :i* repres5ts a new era 9 a?letic art1 & s9ce ?is /atue is p]haps ! mo/ fam\s a?letic /atue ( all times1 x w be well to speak ( x "h at "s l5g?4 ,x is n1 s f> z we "k1 ! /atue ( any p>ticul> victor1 b r a /udy 9 a?letic sculpture4#acea ,( ?is "w !re are twelve full size replicas & sev]al /atuettes4 ,we %all discuss only ^? :i* give u ! be/ idea ( ! lo/ orig9al4 ,! mo/ fai?ful copy is ! sup]b m>ble /atue 9 ! ,palazzo ,lancellotti1 ,rome1 discov]$ on ! ,esquil9e 9 #agha 7head se5 9 ,pl4 #bc74aceb ,z ! head has nev] be5 brok5 away f ! body1 ?is copy pres]ves ! orig9al pose1 :]eas all o!r copies h ! head turn$ 9 ! wrong direction4#acec ,! head & face pres]ve ,attic proportions & ! treatm5t ( ! hair & muscles diff]s f t ( ! o!r copies1 :i* disclose lat] elem5ts4 ,! hair1 9 p>ticul>1 %[s signs ( ar*aism1 j z x mu/ h be5 treat$ 9 ! orig9al1 z ev9c$ by ,pl9y's criticism4#aced ,! mo/ c>efully work$ copy1 h[ev]1 is ! ,p>ian m>ble torso1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 #aijf at ,ca/el ,porziano1 ! site ( ! anci5t ,laur5tum1 & is n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome 7,pl4 #bb74acee ,?is torso 0 already re/or$ 9 antiquity4 ,s9ce ! villa 9 :i* x 0 f\nd 0 built 9 ,augu/us' day & 0 re/or$ 9 ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d41 we h ! approximate dates bo? ( ! orig9 & re/oration ( ! /atue4 ,a weak copy1 discov]$ 9 ,tivoli 9 #agia1 is 9 ! ,sala della ,biga ( ! ,vatican2 ! head1 left arm1 & "r leg bel[ ! knee h be5 re/or$1 ! head wrongly 7,fig4 #cd74acef ,a ,grco-,roman copy discov]$ also 9 #agia1 9 ,hadrian's villa1 is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ce74aceg ,"h ! head1 al?\gh antique1 belongs to ano!r copy1 & has be5 set ^u ! torso wrongly1 9 su* a way t ! ?roat has two ,adam's apples4 ,x looks /raight to ! gr\nd & n upw>d z 9 ! ,lancellotti copy4 ,!re is a bett] replica ( ! torso 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ,fr5* sculptor ti5ne ,m\not 7#afeh-agcc71 :o wrongly re/or$ x z a fall+ w>rior4 ,x agrees 9 accuracy ) ! ,lancellotti copy1 ?\gh x is dry & lifeless1 & is a bett] guide to ! orig9al ?an ei!r ! ,vatican or ,briti% ,museum replicas4#aceh ,a comb9ation ( ^! & o!r copies gives u an excell5t idea ( ! orig9al bronze4 ,9 ,pl4 #bc we give a comb9ation ( ! ,vatican torso & ! ,lancellotti head f a ca/ 9 ,muni*4#acei ,p]haps a bett] comb9ation is t giv5 by ,bulle#acfj f a ca/ made up ( ! delle ,t]me body1 ! ,lancellotti head1 ! "r arm & ! diskos f ! ,casa ,buon>roti 9 ,flor5ce1 ! feet f ! ,briti% ,museum copy & ! f+]s ( ! left h& be+ freely re/or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 aft] ,myron4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bc ,/atue ( ! ,diskobolos1 aft] ,myron4 ,a bronz$ ,ca/ f ! ,/atue 9 ! ,vatican & ,head f ! ,/atue 9 ! ,palazzo ,lancellotti1 ,rome4 ,! pose ( ! ,lancellotti copy agrees ) ,lucian's description ( ! orig9al3 8,surely1 said ,i1 y d n speak ( ! quoit-?r[] :o /oops 9 ! attitude ( "o :o is mak+ 8 ca/1 turn+ r\nd t[>d ! h& t holds ! quoit1 & b5d+ ! o!r knee g5tly b5ea? him1 l "o :o w rise erect z he hurls ! quoit80#acfa ,t ! head ( ! orig9al 0 turn$ back z 9 ! ,lancellotti copy1 & n d[nw>ds1 z 9 ! ,vatican1 ,briti% ,museum & o!r replicas1 is %[n by ?is description1 :i* is corroborat$ by two bronze /atuettes 9 ,muni* & ,arols5#acfb & by a gem 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#acfc ,myron *ose ! mo/ difficult1 b at ! same "t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 mom5t 9 sw++ ! diskos1 ! mom5t :i* comb9es ! idea ( re/ & motion4 ,! quoit has be5 swung back z f> z x w g4 ,! mom5t>y pause be=e x is hurl$ =w>d sugge/s re/ & at ! same "t implies motion1 bo? t :i* has prec$$ & t :i* is to foll[4 ,x is ?is %ort pause at ! end ( ! backw>d sw+ :i* ! sculptor has fix$ 9 ! bronze4 ,! "r arm is /ret*$ backw>ds z f> z possible & draws ) x ! body ) ! left arm & head2 9 ano!r in/ant ! diskos w be hurl$ & ! t5sion on ! "r leg relax$4 ,! orig9al /atue re/$ ^u ! "r foot2 ! tree trunk is a necess>y addition to ! m>ble copies4 ,z ,greek art 0 mo/ly *>act]iz$ by repose1 we are n surpris$ t su* a d>+ effect receiv$ ! c5sure ( ! anci5t critics4 ,qu9tilian says t if any "o blames ! /atue = its labor$ effect1 he is wrong1 s9ce ! novelty & ! difficulty ( ! "w are its *ief m]its4#acfd ,= a /atue ( ! transitional /age ( ,greek sculpture x is rem>kably bold2 only 9 imag9ation c we see ! action by :i* ! body has got into ?is position & by :i* x w recov] its equilibrium4 ,x illu/rates a pr9ciple laid d[n by ,less+ 9 ! ,laokon3 8,( ev] *ang+ nature ! arti/ c use only a s+le mom5t & ?is f a s+le po9t ( view4 ,& z 8 "w is meant to be look$ at n = an in/ant1 b ) long consid]ation1 he mu/ *oose ! mo/ fruitful mom5t1 & ! mo/ fruitful po9t ( view1 t1 to wit1 :i* leaves ! p[] ( imag9ation free40#acfe ,myron 0 ! sculptor ( five /atues = f\r victors at ,olympia1 "o ( a pancratia/1 ano!r ( a box]1 a ?ird ( a runn]1 & two ( a victor 9 ! hoplite-race & ! *>iot-race4#acff ,pl9y also says t ,myron made /atues ( p5ta?letes & pancratia/s at ,delphi4#acfg ,?us he %[$ z mu* v]satility z ,py?agoras 9 ! repres5tation ( victors 9 diff]5t conte/s4 ,none ( ^! /atues has surviv$ & ! id5tification ( exi/+ ,roman copies ) any ( !m is1 ( c\rse1 highly problematical4 ,?us1 a little fur!r on we make ! sugge/ion t ! /atue ( ! box] 9 ! ,l\vre1 commonly kn[n z ,pollux 7,fig4 #eh71 may be1 because ( its ,myronian "*1 ! /atue ( ! unkn[n ,arkadian box] at ,olympia m5tion$ by ,pausanias 79 connection ) ! boy box] ,philippos7 z ! "w ( ,myron4#acfh ,pl9y1 9 ! passage j cit$1 also m5tions /atues ( pri/ae by ,myron1 a ^w :i* has giv5 rise to _m int]pretations3 e4 g41 sea-mon/]s 7pri/es or pi/res71 m5 work+ ) a cross-cut saw 7pri/ae71 play]s at see-saw 7pri/ae871#acfi & box]s 7pyctae74#acgj ,! manuscripts are unanim\s = pri/ae1 & h5ce x is probable t a reali/ic gr\p by ,myron is meant1 s9ce ,myron is (t5 class$ z a reali/ 9 opposition to ,polykleitos1 ! ideali/4 ,long ago ,dalecampius1 foll[$ 9 rec5t ye>s by ,furtwa5gl]1#acga believ$ t ^! pri/ae =m$ a votive (f]+1 & ,h4 ,l4 von ,urli*s has %[n t a gr\p ( sawy]s z ! d$ication ( "s ma/]-build] is q 9 h>mony ) fif?-c5tury traditions4#acgb ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones#acgc connects ! words ,p]seum et pri/as ( ,pl9y's text1 & foll[s ! !ory ( ,may]#acgd t ! c>p5t]s or sawy]s 7 a "p ( a gr\p1 :i* repres5t$ ! inclosure ( ,dana & ,p]seus 9 ! *e/4 ,:ile ! a?letic /atues 9 motion by ,py?agoras & ,myron became models = lat] sculptors1 especially 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1#acge ! re/ /atues ( ,polykleitos /ill rema9$ 9 vogue 9 works by memb]s ( 8 family & s*ool d[n ?r\gh ! f\r? c5tury1 z we h se5 9 our treatm5t ( ! ,argive-,sikyonian sculptors at ,olympia4 ,,motion ,,/atues ,,repres5t+ ,,victors ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,conte/s4 ,we %all n[ review ! types ( victor /atues1 :i* reproduc$ 9 _! pose ! v>i\s conte/s1 i4 e41 /atues 9 motion4 ,we %all f9d x conv5i5t to foll[ 9 ! ma9 ! ord] ( conte/s z !y appe> on ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyrus#acgf--! /ade-race 771 d\ble race 771 long race 771 p5ta?lon 771 wre/l+1 771 box+ 771 pankration 771 hoplite-race 771 *>iot-race 771 & horse-race 77--except t we %all class ! f\r runn+ races 7nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #aa7 toge!r & include ! ?ree boys' conte/s 7 1 1 1 nos4 #h1 #i1 #aj7 "u ! correspond+ m5's ev5ts4 ,! classification ( competitors by ages 771 :i* v>i$ at diff]5t fe/ivals1 w ne$ a ^w ( explanation4 ,:ile a?letes at ,nemea1 ! ,i/hmus1 & ,delphi 7 divid$ into ?ree classes1 1 1 & 1#acgg at ,olympia !y 7 divid$ into two1 & 4#acgh ,at local competitions !re 0 a m elaborate classification4 ,?us at ! ,botian ,erotidia1 boys 7 divid$ into y\ng] & old]2#acgi at ! games held on ! isl& ( ,*ios !re 7 five divisions1 boys1 y\ng]1 middle1 & old] ephebes1 & m52#achj & at ! ,a!nian ,!seia1 ! boys 7 divid$ into fir/1 second1 & ?ird classes1 :ile an op5 conte/ also exi/$ = boys ( any age4#acha ,girls at ! ,h]aia at ,olympia 7 simil>ly divid$ into ?ree classes4#achb ,plato propos$ ?ree classes ( a?letes 9 8 ,laws--1 1 & a ?ird class1 1 betwe5 boys & m54#achc ,! classification ( a?letes at ,a!ns into & 1 adopt$ by ,boeckh1 ,ditt5b]g]1 & ,dumont1#achd is n[ ! "o g5]ally foll[$4 ,accord+ to x ! 7 subdivid$ into ?ree classes1 ^? 1 1 & 2 & s ! 7 m]ely ! 4 ,! boys1 includ+ ! 1 rang$ f #ab to #ah ye>s old2 at #ah !y became or 4#ache ,we h already se5 t ! age ( boy victors at ,olympia 0 ov] #ag & "u #bj4achf ,z we h already rem>k$ 9 an e>li] *apt]1 we are mo/ly indebt$ to ,pausanias = our k ( ! victor /atues at ,olympia4#achg ,he m5tions 9 8 p]iegesis ( ! ,altis #aib monum5ts1 :i* 7 erect$ to #ahg victors4#achh ,"s ( ^! victors won 9 m ?an "o conte/1 s t !re are #beh diff]5t victories record$ 9 all4 ,9 ! foll[+ sections we %all see h[ ^! 7 di/ribut$ among ! v>i\s conte/s4 ,,runn]s3 ,,/adiodromoi1 ,,diaulodromoi1 ,,doli*odromoi4 ,runn+ races =m$ at all times a "p ( ! ,greek games & ( ! ex]cises ( ! y\? 9 ! gymnasia & pal/r4 ,a s*olia/ on ,p9d>#achi says t ! runn+ race _h its orig9 9 ! fir/ celebration ( ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,x figures l>gely 9 my?ology1 especially at ,olympia1 :i* also %[s its antiquity4#acij ,9 hi/oric times _m v>ieties ( runn+ develop$1 b f\r *ief ones 7 practis$ at ! great games4#acia ,fir/ !re 0 ! simple /ade-race 71 71 :i* 0 m]ely ! l5g? ( ! /adion or #fjj ,greek feet1 correspond+ ) ! runn+ race ( ,hom]4#acib ,!n !re 0 ! d\ble race 771 twice z long z ! prec$+1 to ! end ( ! c\rse & back aga94#acic ,! long race 71 71 :i* ,philo/ratos d]ives f ! in/itution ( mess5g] runn]s 7hem]odromoi71#acid is v>i\sly giv5 z sev51 twelve1 f\rte51 tw5ty1 & tw5ty-f\r /ades 9 l5g?1 i4 e41 f ab\t f\r-fif?s ( a mile to ne>ly ?ree miles4#acie ,la/ly !re 0 ! race 9 armor 71#acif 1#acig 4#acih7 ,! long race 0 in/itut$ n s mu* z a conte/ ( fleetness z ( endurance4 ,at ,olympia only m5 7 admitt$1 ?\gh !re 0 su* a race = boys at ,delphi4#acii ,! ,cretans 7 fam$ 9 ?is /yle ( runn+4#adjj ,! race 9 armor1 :i* 0 a d\ble race or two /ades at ,olympia1 we %all discuss fur!r on4 ,probably ! boys' /ade-race at ,olympia 0 %ort] ?an t ( ! m54 ,plato1 :o gives ! hi/oric division ( runn+ races outl9$ above1 has ! boys run "o-half ( ! m5's c\rse & ! ephebes 77 two-?irds4#adja ,j s ,pausanias has ! girl runn]s at ! ,olympia ,h]aia run "o-six? ( ! m5's /adion4#adjb ,at ,olympia1 z at ! ,pana!naia 9 ,a!ns & probably else:]e1 ! fir/ ev5t prec$+ all o!rs 0 ! /ade-race4 ,pausanias says t x 0 ! olde/ ev5t at ,olympia1#adjc & x exi/$ !re all ?r\gh antiquity f ! fir/ record$ ,olympiad 7 #ggf ,b4 ,c471 :5 ,koroibos ( ,elis won4#adjd ,b ! notion g5]ally held#adje t ! /ade-race = m5 0 honor$ above all o!r ev5ts at ,olympia1 because ! w9n] became = ! ,olympiad & because 8 "n occurs 9 ! li/s ( ,africanus = e ,olympiad1 is incorrect4 ,9 two passages ,?ukydides cites ,olympic pancratia/s = dates1#adjf & 9 ! e>lie/ inscription :i* makes use ( ,olympiads = *ronology ! lat] introduc$ pankration is ! ev5t us$4#adjg ,! lit]>y supremacy ( ,a!ns1 :]e1 at ! ,pana!naia1 ! /ade-race 0 ! mo/ important ev5t1 d\btless help$ lat] 9 mak+ ! /ade runn] at ,olympia eponym\s4 ,?is cu/om1 h[ev]1 0 n g5]ally employ$ be=e ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,a?letic ,sc5es f a ,bac*ic ,amphora 9 ,rome4 ,a4 ,/adiodromoi & ,leap]4 ,b4 ,diskobolos & ,akonti/ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--;,a?letic ,sc5es f a ,six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,pana!naic ,amphora4 ,/adiodromoi 7left7 & ,doli*odromoi 7"r74 ,pausanias dates ! introduction ( ! d\ble foot-race at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #ad 7 #gbd ,b4 ,c474#adjh ,he does n say :5 ! long race 0 in/itut$1 b ,eusebios says t x 0 9 ,ol4 #ae 7 #gbj ,b4 ,c474#adji ,! boys' /ade-race 0 introduc$ !re 9 ,ol4 #cg 7 #fcb ,b4 ,c474#adaj ,! hoplite-race 0 inaugurat$ at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c474#adaa ,pausanias m5tions #bd /adiodromoi at ,olympia1 :o won #cb victories1 :i* makes ?is ev5t ?ird 9 importance1 next aft] box+ & wre/l+4 ,he m5tions #g victors 9 ! d\ble race ) #aa victories1 & #e victors 9 ! long race ) #h victories4 ,he also m5tions #ab hoplite victors ) #ad victories4 ,consequ5tly1 9 all f\r runn+ ev5ts !re1 he records #dh victors ) #fe victories1 :i* br+s ! runn+ races only to second place 9 importance at ,olympia1 rank+ next aft] box+4#adab ,! ord9>y spr9t] or /adiodromos1 & ! d\ble spr9t]1 diaulodromos or hoplitodromos1 naturally ran diff]5tly f ! endurance runn] or doli*odromos4 ,pana!naic vases cle>ly %[ ?is diff]5ce4 ,?us :ile ! spr9t] swung 8 arms viol5tly1 spread+ ! f+]s ap>t & t\*+ ! gr\nd only ) 8 toes#adac 7,figs4 #cf;,a & #cg1 left71 ! endurance runn]1 :o _h to cons]ve 8 /r5g? to ! la/1 ran ) a long /ride1 hold+ 8 arms b5t at ! elb[ & close to ! body1 8 fi/s d\bl$ & 8 body slightly b5t =w>d1 its weight re/+ on ! ball ( ! foot1 ! heel be+ rais$ only a little4 ,?us ,philo/ratos says t ! doli*odromoi ran ) _! h&s ext5d$ & ) _! fi/s ball$1 b t at ! f9i% !y also swung _! arms viol5tly l w+s4#adad ,! race 7%[+ ball$ fi/s7 is se5 on a ,pana!naic amphora dat+ f ! ar*on%ip ( ,nik]atos 7#ccc ,b4 ,c471 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & on ano!r ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 pictur$ 9 ,fig4 #cg 7"r74#adae ,9 ! diaulos ! movem5t 0 less viol5t4 ,?us on an ,a!ns vase inscrib$1 8,i am a diaulos runn]10#adaf ! movem5t is betwe5 t ( a spr9t] & an endurance runn]4 ,x seems probable t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! /yle ( runn+ 0 simil>ly %[n 9 sculpture4#adag ,we %all next consid] c]ta9 sculptural monum5ts :i* repres5t runn]s4 ,! typical s*eme = ar*aic & ar*ai/ic art 0 to repres5t ! runn] ) "o knee ne>ly t\*+ ! gr\nd1 ! upp] log =m+ a "r angle ) ! l[]1 ! o!r leg be+ p]p5dicul> to ! upp]4 ,?is s*eme appe>s on _m vases & reliefs & 9 /atuettes & /atues4#adah ,?is old me?od ( depict+ runn]s 0 kept up by vase-pa9t]s d[n to ! "t ( ! r$-figur$ ma/]s4#adai ,we see !m on _m reliefs1 e4 g41 on ! ,ionic-,greek reliefs on ! ?ree ar*aic bronze tripods ( ! middle ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,james ,loeb2#adbj on a small bronze relief 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 9 ,new ,york :i* repres5ts a w+$ ,boreas2#adba & on ! m>ble fun]>y /ele ( ! s-call$ dy+ hoplite runn] f\nd 9 #aijb ne> ! ,!seion1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns4#adbb ,almo/ ! same position z t ( ! figure on ?is ,a!nian relief is se5 9 a small bronze 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ^: primitive features & solidly mass$ hair date x 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#adbc ,ano!r slightly l>g] bronze 9 ! same museum repres5ts ,h]akles runn+ 9 a kneel+ po/ure4#adbd ,because a spe>man is incongru\s beh9d a b[man1 ,kalkmann#adbe & ,furtwa5gl]#adbf h int]pret$ ! two kneel+ figures ne> ei!r end ( ! ,we/ gable ( ! temple on ,aeg9a z ar*aic runn]s 7see ,fig4 #ba1 left74 ,we may fur!r comp>e ) ^! figures ! positions1 ?\gh n ! motives1 ( two o!rs f ! ,we/ gable at ,olympia1#adbg z well z t ( ! kneel+ b[man ,h]akles f ! ,ea/ gable ( ! temple on ,aeg9a4#adbh ,9 ?is connection we %all also m5tion ! life-size m>ble torso ( a kneel+ y\? f\nd 9 ,n]o's villa at ,subiaco 9 #ahhd & n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome 7,pl4 #bd74adbi ,?is /atue1 repres5t+ a boy ( delicate build app>5tly /rid+ =w>d ) ! "r leg & b5d+ ! left s t ! knee ne>ly t\*es ! gr\nd1 has be5 reg>d$ by "s s*ol>s#adcj z a runn]1 ^: pose copies ! ar*aic mann]1 be+ hi/orically ! la/ example kn[n ( its use 9 sculpture4 ,! "r %\ld] is turn$ backw>d & ! head1 n[ miss+1 0 turn$ back & upw>ds2 ! "r arm is rais$ high & twi/$ ab\t ) ! palm ( ! h& fac+ backw>d1 ! left arm ext5d$ ) its h& 9 "s way relat$ to ! "r knee4 ,! impression made on ! spectator is t ( a boy b5d+ aside z if to w>d (f "s dang]4 ,x is an excell5t piece ( "w1 evid5tly ! m>ble copy ( an orig9al bronze4 ,?is has be5 v>i\sly assign$ to ! fif?1 f\r?1 & ev5 lat] c5turies ,b4 ,c41#adca & int]pret$ 9 v>i\s ways#adcb--;z a ,niobid1#adcc z ,ganym$es swoop$ d[n ^u by ! eagle1#adcd z ,hylas drawn into ! wat] by nymphs :5 he 0 fill+ 8 pit*]1#adce z a ball-play]1#adcf z a boy ?r[+ a lasso1#adcg z a gable figure1#adch z a runn] at ! games1 etc4 ,_m ( ^! int]pretations are purely fanciful2 ! la/ is1 p]haps1 z good z any1 ?\gh ! /rongly turn$ upp] body seems n q fitt$ to x4 ,if x repres5ts a runn]1 ! sculptor has reproduc$ ! well-kn[n ar*aic pose4 ,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,! ,,runn] ,,ladas4 ,we %all next consid] ! fam\s /atue ( ! runn] ,ladas by ,myron1 :i* is un=tunately kn[n to u only f lit]>y evid5ce1 b :i* atta9$ 9 antiquity an ev5 great] fame ?an 8 nameless ,diskobolos1 s9ce x portray$ ev5 m t5sion ?an t wond]ful "w4 ,its fame 0 p>tly due to ! picturesque /ory h[ ! victory co/ ! runn] 8 life1 = he di$ ( /ra9 :ile on 8 way home to ,sp>ta2 x 0 also due 9 no less degree to ! /rik+ way 9 :i* ! victor 0 depict$4#adci ,two f\r?-c5tury epigrams tell u ( ! /atue4 ,! fir/ ( ^! runs3 ' 1 1 4 1 4#addj ,! second epigram1 nam+ ,myron z ! sculptor1 runs3 1 1 1 ' 1 1 4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bd ,/atue ( a ,kneel+ ,y\?1 f ,subiaco4 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,to ^! v]ses are add$ ! foll[+1 :i* ,b5ndorf ?9ks belong$ to ano!r epigram on ! same /atue3 1 ' 4 1 4#adda ,pr(essor ,erne/ ,g>dn] translates ! two p>ts ( ! second epigram z foll[s3 8,l z ?\ wa/ 9 life1 ,ladas1 brea?+ =? ?y pant+ s\l1#addb on tip-toe1 ) e s9ew at full /ra91 su* ha? ,myron wr\ght !e 9 bronze1 /amp+ on ?y :ole body ?y eag]ness = ! victor's cr[n ( ,pisa40 8,he is fill$ ) hope1 & y may see ! brea? caught on 8 lips f deep )9 8 flanks2 surely ! bronze w leave its p$e/al & leap to ! cr[n4 ,su* art is swift] ?an ! w9d40#addc ,ev5 if "p ( ! epigram is rhetorical1 we c n d\bt t ,ladas 0 repres5t$ 9 ! f9al spurt j be=e he arriv$ at ! goal4 ,8 eag]ness 0 n conf9$ to ! face--?\gh ! pant+ brea? c\ld h be5 indicat$ by half op5$ lips1 b 0 visible 9 ! :ole body4#addd ,:]eas ! girl runn] ( ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #b7 is repres5t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! race1 ,myron's /atue repres5t$ ,ladas at ! end ( x4 ,probably ! victor 0 repres5t$ ) 8 weight ?r[n on ! advanc$ foot & ) ! arms close to ! sides & b5t at ! elb[s--a treatm5t :i* w\ld h be5 easy = ! sculptor ( ! ,diskobolos4 ,mahl] tri$ to id5tify ! /atue ) "o ( ! ,naples gr\p ( s-call$ runn]s 7,fig4 #ea74adde ,h[ev]1 z we %all see1 ^! probably repres5t wre/l]s1 & n runn]s1 & nei!r ( !m %[s any su* t5sion z we %\ld expect f ! description ( ! /atue ( ,ladas4 ,?\gh ,fo]/] believes t ! /atue ( ,ladas /ood 9 ,olympia1 9 honor ( 8 victory 9 ! long race !re1#addf we c n say def9itely :]e x 04#addg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,/atue ( a ,runn]4 ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,/atue ( a ,runn]4 ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome4 ,p]haps our be/ repres5tation ( runn]s is to be se5 9 ! two m>ble /atues discov]$ ne> ,velletri & n[ 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome 7,figs4 #ch & #ci74addh ,! hair & ! %>p edges ( ! model+ ( ! fle%1 z well z ! tree-/umps ne> ! "r legs1 %[ t ^! /atues are copies ( bronze orig9als4 ,!y 7 at fir/ int]pret$ z runn]s1 b lat] 7 reg>d$ z =m+ a gr\p ( wre/l]s1 :o 7 /&+ opposite "o ano!r & hold+ _! h&s out = an op5+4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no?+ 9 ! pose or ! expression ( ^! /atues to %[ ! t5sion ( two oppon5ts4 ,moreov]1 !y c]ta9ly nev] =m$ a gr\p1 = /yli/ic diff]5ces reveal t !y are copies ( /atues by diff]5t arti/s :o liv$ at diff]5t times2 "o belongs to ! sev]e /yle ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fif? c5tury1#addi :ile ! o!r1 ) its s(t] =ms1 small] head1 & deep]-set eyes1 is a product ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#adej ,! prom95t edge ( ! *e/ is d\btless meant to indicate ! h>d brea?+ ( a runn]4#adea ,j 9 front ( ! tree-/ump on ! old] /atue is to be se5 a r\nd hole 9 ! pl9?1 :i* may h be5 made = ! end ( a club held 9 ! "r h&1 z su* an object is f\nd 9 o!r works ( art1 notably 9 a /atuette f ,pal]mo1 :i* is ! copy ( a fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 orig9al1 & on a second-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 grave-/ele f ,crete4#adeb ,its use1 h[ev]1 is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,furtwa5gl]1 by an +5i\s process ( reason+1 argu$ t he _h recov]$ an actual /atue ( an ,olympic runn] 9 ! s-call$ ,alkibiades1 =m]ly 9 ! ,villa ,mattei1 b n[ 9 ! ,sala della ,biga ( ! ,vatican4#adec ,?is torso he ascrib$ to ! sculptor ,kresilas1 because ( its lik5ess to ! ,p]ikles ( t ma/]1 :i* once /ood on ! ,akropolis1#aded & to a m>ble torso 9 ,naples repres5t+ a w\nd$ man ready to fall1 :i* he ?9ks is a copy ( ! ,voln]atus defici5s ( ,kresilas m5tion$ by ,pl9y4#adee ,! ,alkibiades is v simil> to ! ,naples gladiator1 ?\gh lat] 9 date2 ! be>d$ head1 drawn-9 /oma*1 & muscul> *e/1 & ! ve9s 9 ! upp] arm are common to bo?4 ,! re/or] ( ! ,vatican /atue has plac$ a helmet "u ! "r foot4 ,b ! deep-brea?+ *e/ may indicate a runn]1 z we saw 9 ! case ( ! /atues ( ! ,cons]vatori j discuss$4 ,furtwa5gl] has ! body b5d fur!r =w>d1 s t ! "r foot may re/ ^u ! gr\nd & ! glance be fix$ ^u ! goal1 ) ! arms ext5d$ at ! elb[s1 a position prov$ = ! "r arm1 at lea/1 by ! puntello above ! hip4 ,z ! head %[s portrait-l features & only ^? a?letes :o _h won ?ree victories _h portrait /atues1 he has id5tifi$ ! orig9al ( ! ,alkibiades ) ! /atue ( ! fam\s /ade-runn] ,krison ( ,him]a1 :o won 8 victories at ,olympia j aft] ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! approximate date ( ! ,vatican copy4#adef ,su* an id5tification appe>s1 h[ev]1 to be too f>-fet*$ to be conv9c+4 ,,/atues ,,( ,,boy ,,runn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,/atue ( ! ,?orn-pull] 7,sp9>io74 ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome4 ,probably ! /atues ( boy runn]s did n diff] ess5tially f ^? ( m54 ,t !y 7 sometimes repres5t$ 9 motion is %[n by ! footpr9ts on ! recov]$ base ( ! /atue ( ,sosikrates by an unkn[n arti/4 ,"h ! "r foot t\*$ ! gr\nd only ) ! front portion4#adeg ,! view has (t5 be5 express$ t ! bronze /atue 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome1 kn[n z ! ,sp9>io 7,?orn-pull]7 portrays a runn] 7,fig4 #dj74adeh ,x repres5ts a boy1 f twelve to fifte5 ye>s old1 seat$ ^u a rock b5d+ ov] & engross$ 9 extract+ a ?orn f 8 left foot1 :i* re/s ^u ! "r knee4 ,! sev]e hair treatm5t1 l[ =ehead1 full *eeks1 & /rong *9 appe> to %[ ! ideal beauty ( a boy ( ! p]iod ( ab\t #dfj ,b4 ,c4 ,! motive seems to h be5 inspir$ directly by nature--witness ! supple b5d ( ! back1 ! delicate arms1 ! nave1 ?\gh n too reali/ic1 conc5tration ( int]e/ 9 ! act portray$4 ,few pieces ( anci5t sculpture h giv5 rise to m discussion & extraord9>y diff]5ce ( op9ion ?an ?is popul> "w4 ,"o s*ool ( ar*ologi/s#adei believes x a late adaptation ( a ,hell5i/ic orig9al1 a m accurate copy be+ ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & consequ5tly views x z a purely g5re /atue impossible ( conception be=e ,alex&]'s "t4 ,accord+ to ?is view ! ,london copy 0 an ar*ai/ic "w ( ! "t ( ,pasiteles4 ,ano!r s*ool1 h[ev]1 includ+ ,helbig1 ,wolt]s1 ,kekul1 & _m o!rs1 sees 9 ! ,roman /atue an orig9al "w ( #dfj to #dej ,b4 ,c41 *iefly because ! face %[s great simil>ity to ^? ( ! /atues ( ! ,olympia gables 7especially to t ( ,apollo7#adfj4 ,accord+ to ?is view ! /atue c n h be5 a g5re "w1 z su* works ( decorative "* 7 ( lat] orig91 b ! motive mu/ be s\ght 9 "s def9ite incid5t--9 "s my? or hi/orical ev5t4 ,?us x has be5 ref]r$ to ! colonization ( ! ,ozolian ,lokroi1 ^: ance/or ,lokros is said to h got a ?orn 9 8 foot & to h f\nd$ cities ne> :]e ?is occurr$ 9 fulfilm5t ( an oracle4 ,_m o!rs1 on ! o!r h&1 h se5 9 its motive t ( a boy victor 9 runn+1 :o has ga9$ 8 victory despite a ?orn1 :i* he is n[ pull+ out1 & :o has d$icat$ 8 /atue to commemorate bo? ! victory & ! unt[>d circum/ances "u :i* x 0 won4 ,x has be5 assign$ to v>i\s sculptors & s*ools--to ,myron1 ,py?agoras1 & ,kalamis1 & to ,peloponnesian1 ,botian1 & ev5 ,sicilian art4#adfa ,! boy's absorption 9 8 task c]ta9ly rem9ds u ( ! conc5tration s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,diskobolos ( ,myron4 ,9 det]m9+ its age & arti/ic affiliations sev]al ?+s mu/ be consid]$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,roman /atue is a copy1 z ! rock on :i* ! boy sits is ca/ ) ! figure1 :i* w\ld h be5 impossible 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,! long hair on ?is copy1 :i* is %ort on ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 falls d[n ! neck1 b n ov] ! *eeks1 z x %\ld on a head :i* is ?us b5t d[nw>ds4 ,pasiteles almo/ c]ta9ly w\ld h ti$ x ) a ribbon4 ,?is %[s t ! orig9al 0 ! "w ( an arti/ :o 0 us$ to mak+ /&+ /atues1 & 0 n aw>e ( ! *ange 9 ! repres5tation ( ! hair br\ght ab\t by droop+ ones4 ,su* consid]ations1 9 conjunction ) ! ar*aic facial *>act]i/ics1 almo/ c]ta9ly ref] ! orig9al "w to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 a date :5 g5re /atues1 produc$ = adornm5t1 did n exi/4 ,consequ5tly a def9ite incid5t mu/ be repres5t$ by x1 & x is q possible t ?is incid5t %\ld be s\ght 9 a?letic sculpture 9 ! repres5tation ( a boy runn]4 ,! ,?orn-pull] became a model = _m imitations f ! beg9n+ ( ,hell5i/ic times on4 ,^! imitations t5d$ to great] realism & consequ5tly to ! debasem5t ( ! orig9al conception1 = !y 7 made to repres5t peasants1 %eph]ds1 satyrs1 & ev5 negroes4 ,! motif 0 also transf]r$ to figures ( girls1 z1 e4 g41 9 ! fragm5t ( a t]ra-cotta /atuette f\nd 9 #aiab at ,nida-,hadd]nheim4#adfb ,9 ! e>ly ,empire x 0 frequ5tly copi$ 9 m>ble1 & aga91 dur+ ! ,r5aissance1 ! motive 0 us$ = small bronzes4#adfc ,( ,hell5i/ic copies1 %[+ h[ ! motive det]iorat$1 we %all m5tion only two3 ! m>ble "o f\nd on ! ,esquil9e1 9 #ahgd1 & kn[n z ! ,ca/ellani copy1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#adfd ! sculptor ( :i* has made x into a truly g5re f\nta9 figure by trans=m+ ! noble features ( ! beautiful ,greek runn] into ! snub nose & ?ick lips ( a /reet ,arab1 & ! /ill lat] bronze /atuette f\nd ne> ,sp>ta & n[ 9 ! ,p>is collection ( ,b>on ,edmund de ,ro?s*ild1#adfe :i* repres5ts ! boy extract+ ! ?orn 9 ang]4 ,simil>ly ! s-call$ ,s&al-b9d]--) replicas 9 ,p>is 7,fig4 #h71 ,london1 ,a!ns1 ,muni*1 & else:]e1 has be5 look$ ^u1 )\t decisive gr\nds1 to be sure1 z a runn] :o is ty+ on 8 s&als aft] ! race4#adff ,we h already discuss$ ?is /atue 9 ,*apt] ,,ii1 9 connection ) ! subject ( assimilation4 ,,hoplitodromoi4 ,! race 9 armor _h a practical value 9 ! tra9+ ( soldi]s1 & s became a popul> sport1 s9ce x appeal$ n only to ! tra9$ a?lete1 b to ! citiz5 9 g5]al4 ,x belong$ to 8mix$ a?letics10#adfg i4 e41 to competitions :i* 7 conduct$ "u h&icap conditions1 su* z our ob/acle races1 & consequ5tly x nev] atta9$ ! pre/ige ( ! /rictly a?letic ev5ts4 ,x came la/ among ! gymnic conte/s at ,olympia & else:]e1#adfh be+ foll[$ by ! eque/rian ev5ts4 ,x seems to h v>i$ 9 diff]5t places 9 ! di/ance run1 9 ! armor ( ! runn]1 & 9 ! rules :i* gov]n$ ! race4 ,at ,olympia1 z at ,a!ns1 x appe>s to h be5 a diaulos or a race ( two /adia4#adfi ,! mo/ /r5u\s race ( ! sort 0 run at ! ,eleu!ria at ,plata1 :]e ! conte/ants 7 completely envelop$ 9 armor#adgj & 7 subject to peculi> rules4 ,at ,olympia ! competitors orig9ally ran ) helmets1 greaves1 & r\nd %ields1 z we inf] f sc5es on ar*aic vases & f ! /atem5t ( ,pausanias t ! /atue ( ! fir/ victor 9 ?is ev5t1 ,dam>etos ( ,h]aia1 0 repres5t$ ) ^! arms4#adga ,9 ?is passage ,pausanias adds t ! ,eleans & o!r ,greeks lat] 7 7 gave up ! greaves1 & we f9d t !y disappe> on ! vase-pa9t+s4#adgb ,haus] has %[n t ! vase-pa9t+s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mo/ly illu/rate ! ,a!nian practice1 display a v>i$ cu/om 9 respect ( ! use ( ! greaves be=e ab\t #ebj ,b4 ,c41 ! g5]al use ( !m until ab\t #dej ,b4 ,c41 & aft] t date _! disuse4#adgc ,! helmet disappe>$ aft] ! greaves1 b ! %ield 0 nev] giv5 up4#adgd ,?us ! bronze /atue ( ,mnesib\los ( ,elateia1 a victor 7 7 ( ,pausanias' day1 :i* /ood 9 8,runn] ,/reet0 ( 8 native city1 appe>s to h be5 repres5t$ ) ! %ield4#adge ,x 0 = ?is reason t ! ev5t 0 lat] sometimes call$ m]ely 4#adgf ,! %ields t appe> on ! vases are always r\nd & ! helmets are ,attic4#adgg ,! gradual r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( ! armor may h be5 a concession to ! regul> a?letes1 :o probably look$ ^u ! conte/ z a spuri\s sort ( a?letics4 ,z = ! /yle ( ! race1 ! hoplite runn]s seem to h run some:at z ! /ade & d\ble-c\rse runn]s1 i4 e41 ) _! "r h&s up & _! arms viol5tly sw++4#adgh ,! picturesqu5ess ( su* a race appeal$ especially to vase-pa9t]s1 :o h giv5 u all ! details ( ! ev5t4 ,! prep>ations = ! race are se5 on a r$-figur$ kylix f ,vulci1 n[ 9 ,p>is1 ascrib$ to ,euphronios 7,panaitios71 on :i* "o runn] is donn+ 8 armor1 :ile o!rs are practis+ prelim9>y runs4#adgi ,! />t is se5 9 ! "r-h& figure depict$ on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,b]l9 7,fig4 #da1 a74#adhj ,on ano!r r4-f4 kylix we see a pair ( hoplites1 "o sl[+ up be=e rea*+ ! c5tral po/1 ! o!r turn+ x4#adha ,! f9i% is se5 on an obsc5e r4-f4 kylix f ,vulci 9 ! /yle ( ,brygos1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e ! be>d$ w9n]1 ) 8 helmet 9 8 h&1 looks back on 8 rival1 & ! latt]1 app>5tly 9 disgu/1 drops 8 %ield4#adhb ,! mo/ complete illu/ration ( ! race is to be se5 on ! r4-f4 ,b]l9 kylix j m5tion$ 7,fig4 #da1 a1 b1 c47 ,"h on "o side is a gr\p ( ?ree runn]s2 ! "r-h& "o is b5d+ ov]1 ready to />t2 ! "o at ! left is ab\t to turn ! c5tral po/1 & ! "o 9 ! c5tre1 :o is turn$ 9 an opposite direction1 is on ! home /ret*2 on ! o!r side ( ! vase are ?ree runn]s 9 full c\rse1 :ile ano!r appe>s on ! int]ior ( ! vase4#adhc ,"s vases seem to %[ t ! conte/ (t5 _h a semi-comic "*1 ! v>iations 9 runn+ be+ us$ to amuse ! spectators4 ,?us ! %ield might be dropp$ & pick$ up aga91#adhd or x might be held 9 a peculi> mann]4#adhe ,?is comic elem5t is br\ght out 9 ! ,aves ( ,ari/ophanes1 9 a sc5e 9 :i* ,pei/hetairos1 :ile obs]v+ ! *orus ( birds advanc+ ) _! cre/s 771 comp>es !m ) hoplite runn]s advanc+ to beg9 ! race4#adhf ,! regul> pa9t] outdid ! vase-pa9t] 9 repres5t+ ! runn] 9 viol5t motion1 if we may rely on ,pl9y's description ( two pa9t+s ( hoplites by ,p>rhasios4#adhg ,9 "o ( ^! ! runn] 0 repres5t$ z p]spir+ z he ran1 :ile 9 ! o!r he 0 repres5t$ z hav+ laid aside 8 arms & pant+ s reali/ically t ! obs]v] seem$ to he> him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,hoplitodromes4 ,sc5es f a r4-f4 ,kylix4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,hoplitodrome 7874 ,univ]sity ,museum1 ,tueb+54 ,we h few repres5tations ( hoplitodromes 9 sculpture4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we discuss$ ! two m>ble helmet$ heads f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #cj71 "o ( :i* %[s t ! /atue ( :i* x 0 a "p 0 repres5t$ at re/1 :ile ! o!r1 because ( ! twi/ 9 ! neck1 seems to h come f a /atue :i* repres5t$ ! runn] 9 viol5t motion4 ,pausanias saw on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis ! /atue ( ! hoplite runn] ,epi*>9os1 ! "w ( ! sculptor ,kritios1 repres5t$ z practis+ />ts 7 74#adhh ,9 ! well-kn[n ,tux bronze 9 ! ,univ]sity ,museum at ,tueb+51 we h a /atuette 9 :i* ! position ( ! /atue ( ,epi*>9os is probably reproduc$4 ,?is little bronze1 :i* is only #j4af met] tall 7,fig4 #db71adhi repres5ts a be>d$ man1 entirely nude1 except = ! ,attic helmet on 8 head1 /&+ ) feet close toge!r1 knees slightly b5t1 & body incl9$ =w>d4 ,! "r arm is ext5d$1 :ile ! left1 crook$ at ! elb[1 re/s ^u ! hip4 ,:ile ,s*wabe & ,wolt]s1 foll[+ ! e>ly !ory ( ,hirt & ( ! sculptor ,danneck]1 int]pret$ ! bronze z ! figure ( a *>iote]1 ^: left h& 0 drawn back to hold ! re9s & ^: "r 0 out/ret*$ 9 a ge/ure int5d$ to quiet ! horses1 ,haus]1 de ,ridd]1 ,bulle1 & _m o!r ar*ologi/s h int]pret$ x bett] z a hoplitodrome4 ,! left arm1 !n1 c>ri$ a r\nd %ield1 su* z we h se5 on ,attic vases4 ,! next mom5t ! "r leg w be advanc$1 ! %ield1 held back to get a bett] />t1 w be pu%$ =w>d1 & ! runn] w race to ! goal 9 a s]ies ( leaps1 s9ce ! weight ( ! %ield w\ld prev5t him f foll[+ ! m regul> motion ( ! ord9>y runn]4 ,x probably repres5ts1 !re=e1 a hoplite runn]1 n 9 ! actual c\rse1 z ,haus] ?\ght1 b practic+ a prelim9>y />t1 z de ,ridd] argu$4 ,if ! figure repres5t$ a *>iote]1 ! legs w\ld h be5 set f>!r ap>t1 9 ord] to give a firm] position1 & x w\ld n be repres5t$ z /&+ on a base1 nor w\ld x be we>+ a helmet4 ,! /atuette /yli/ically belongs to ! op5+ ye>s ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & may well be a free imitation ( a life-size orig9al ( su* /atues ( hoplites z /ood 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia4 ,despite ! en]gy depict$ 9 ?is figure1 x is ra% to connect x ) ! ,aeg9etan sculptures1 z ,wolt]s & ,collignon h done1 s9ce a comp>ison betwe5 x & ! ,*ampion ( ! ,ea/ gable#adij w %[ great diff]5ces4 ,brunn ascrib$ ! orig9al to ,py?agoras2 de ,ridd]1 ) res]vations1 to ,kritios & ,nesiotes2 :ile ,bulle is m reasonable 9 ref]r+ x to an important ?\gh unnam$ arti/ ( ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,h>twig has publi%$ a bronze /atuette f ,capua1#adia n[ 9 ! ,imp]ial collection at ,vi5na1 repres5t+ a nude y\? ) a cre/$ helmet on 8 head4 ,!re is no trace ( a %ield1 b ! helmet & ! simil>ity ( ! pose to t ( ! ,tueb+5 bronze make x probable t ?is /atuette also repres5ts a hoplitodrome />t+4 ,! s-call$ ,diom$es ( ,myronian /yle 9 ! ,palazzo ,val5t9i1 ,rome1#adib ^: /oop+ po/ure recalls ! ,diskobolos & accord+ly has be5 int]pret$ z "o by ,matz & von ,duhn1 m probably also repres5ts a hoplite-runn]1 z ,furtwa5gl] ma9ta9$1 because ( ! simil>ity ( its pose to t ( ! ,tux bronze & because ( its helmet$ head4#adic ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,borghese ,w>rior4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,"s o!r attempts to see hoplite runn]s 9 exi/+ works ( sculpture h n be5 s successful4 ,?us ,rayet's attempt to resuscitate ! old int]pretation ( ,quatremre de ,qu9cy1 :o _h expla9$ ! /atue ( ! s-call$ ,borghese ,w>rior by ,agasias ( ,ephesos 7,fig4 #dc7 z t ( a hoplitodrome j be=e rea*+ ! goal1 has be5 rec5tly reviv$ aga9 by ,six4#adid ,?is fam\s m>ble /atue ( ! ,l\vre1 belong+ to late ,greek art1 is an example ( ! la/ developm5t 9 ! ,argive-,sikyonian s*ool1 :i* = c5turies _h be5 devot$ to a?letic sculpture4#adie ,s9ce ! /atue has no helmet1 !re seems to be no valid reason = n adh]+ to ! usual int]pretation1 accord+ to :i* x repres5ts a w>rior--by re/or+ ! lo/ "r arm & h& ) a sword--:o is def5d+ himself aga9/ a foe above him1 conceiv$ ( z seat$ ^u a horse4 ,! attitude & ! upw>d gaze are c]ta9ly n ^? ( a runn]4 ,?\gh ,collignon1 foll[+ ,visconti1 believes ! figure to be "o ( a gr\p1 ! man actually def5d+ himself aga9/ a horseman & cov]+ himself ) 8 %ield z he looks up1 x is d\btful :e!r a second figure ev] exi/$4 ,! arti/ seems to h cont5t$ himself ) repres5t+1 n a fight1 b only a fight+ pose4 ,we are beg9n+ to und]/& t ! ,greek sculptor left some?+ to ! imag9ation ( ! behold]4 ,an attempt has also be5 made to see a dy+ hoplite runn] 9 ! ,p>ian m>ble ar*aic grave-relief 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns1 :i* has already be5 m5tion$ z an example ( ! ar*aic s*eme ( repres5t+ runn+4#adif ,x repres5ts a be>dless y\? runn+ 9 a half-kneel+ po/ure1 ev5 ?\gh ! head is b5t & turn$ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! eyes appe> to be clos$--due1 p]haps1 to ! faulty sculptor--& ! two h&s are t\*+ ! brea/4 ,:ile no %ield is repres5t$ 7x is cont5d$ t its pres5ce w\ld ne>ly hide ! figure71 /ill1 because ( ! helmet & ! position ( ! arm1 :i* latt] is obvi\sly t ( a long-di/ance runn]1 ,philios1 foll[$ by ,p]rot-,*ipiez & ,bulle1 expla9$ x z ! repres5tation ( a hoplite runn] :o is expir+ at ! end ( 8 c\rse4 ,!y date x ab\t #ebj ,b4 ,c41#adig ! date ( ! introduction ( ?is race at ,olympia4 ,h[ev]1 ! abs5ce ( ! %ield1 to say no?+ ( ! greaves1 seems an insup]able objection to su* an hypo!sis1 z ! %ield 0 nev] omitt$ 9 ?is race1 b 0 inv>iably its symbol4 ,svoronos is !re=e m probably "r 9 int]pret+ ! relief z ! monum5t ( a milit>y runn] 771 ev5 if 8 dat+ 7#dij-dhj ,b4 ,c47 is some:at too late1#adih & if 8 id5tify+ x ) "s p>ticul> mess5g] 7su* z ! ,a!nian runn] ,pheidippides1 :o ran to ,sp>ta = aid j prior to ! battle ( ,m>a?on7 is fanciful4 ,,p5ta?letes4 ,! peculi> features ( ! p5ta?lon 77 7 ! ?ree ev5ts1 jump+1 diskos-?r[+1 & javel9-?r[+4 ,all five ev5ts are summ$ up 9 ,simonides' epigram on ! p5ta?lete ,diophon1 :o won at ,delphi & on ! ,i/hmus1 ! second l9e ( :i* runs3 1 1 1 1 4#adii ,! p5ta?lon did n exi/ 9 ,hom]'s "t4 ,p9d> expressly says t x did n exi/ 9 h]oic days1 b t !n a sep>ate prize 0 giv5 = ea* feat4#aejj ,at ! games on ,s*]ia1 ,k+ ,alk9oos boa/s to ,odysseus ( ! sup]iority ( 8 c\ntrym5 9 4#aeja ,! p5ta?lon = m5 0 introduc$ at ,olympia at ! same "t z wre/l+ t[>d ! end ( ! eigh? c5tury1 9 ,ol4 #ah 7 #gjh ,b4 ,c471#aejb & ! p5ta?lon = boys eighty ye>s lat]1 9 ,ol4 #ch 7 #fbh ,b4 ,c471 only to be /opp$ soon aft]4#aejc ,pausanias m5tions fifte5 victors at ,olympia1 :o _h /atues erect$ 9 _! honor1 = sev5te5 victories 9 ! p5ta?lon1 ?us giv+ ! p5ta?letes six? rank !re 9 po9t ( numb]4 ,! b4-f4 ,bac*ic amphora 9 ,rome already discuss$ repres5ts f\r ev5ts out ( ! five3 runn+1 leap+1 diskos-?r[+1 & akontion-?r[+ 7,figs4 #cf ,a & #cf ,b74#aejd ,on sev]al ,pana!naic vases we f9d "o or m ev5ts1 & ! ?ree *>act]i/ic ones on sev]al1 "o ( :i* we "h reproduce 7,fig4 #dd74aeje ,! v>i\s ev5ts are common on r4-f4 vases1#aejf ?\gh ^! may n repres5t ! p5ta?lon conte/s1 b m]ely gymnasium sc5es1 %[+ t su* conte/s 7 important4 ,we h already said t ! p5ta?lon repres5t$ ! :ole physical tra9+ ( ,greek y\?s2 consequ5tly ! p5ta?lete 0 look$ ^u z ! typical a?lete1 be+ sup]ior to all o!rs 9 all-r\nd developm5t1 ev5 if surpass$ by !m 9 c]ta9 special ev5ts4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t ,polykleitos1 9 ord] to embody ! pr9ciples ( 8 a?lete canon1 made a /atue ( a javel9-?r[] 7! ,doryphoros7 z ! be/ example ( an all-r\nd man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,p5ta?letes4 ,sc5e f a ,pana!naic ,amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,none ( ! /atues ( p5ta?letes at ,olympia has be5 recov]$ ) c]ta9ty 9 ,roman copies4 ,t "s ( !m 7 repres5t$ at re/ is %[n by ! base ( ! /atue ( ! victor ,py?okles ( ,elis1 by ! eld] ,polykleitos1 :i* has be5 recov]$4#aejg ,?is base support$ two diff]5t /atues 9 succession4 ,! feet ( ! e>li] "o by ,polykleitos 7 rivet$ into circul> holes1 & beh9d ! "r foot on ! upp] surface ( ! base 0 inscrib$ ! arti/'s "n1 :ile ! victor's appe>$ on ! v]tical front4 ,?is /atue 0 lat] remov$ & 0 replac$ by ano!r1 ^: pose 0 diff]5t1 z we see f ! footm>ks1 :i* %[ t ! feet 7 atta*$ ) lead 9 holl[s4 ,probably ! old inscription 0 r5ew$ 9 ar*aic lett]s :5 ?is second /atue 0 set up1 ! old] lett]s be+ reta9$1 p]haps1 to conceal ! !ft4 ,! orig9al /atue 0 remov$ by ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or p]haps "u ,n]o2#aejh ! new "o 0 also inscrib$ z ! "w ( ,polykleitos4 ,a base ( ! ,hadrianic or ,anton9e age has be5 f\nd 9 ,rome1 inscrib$ ) ! names ,polykleitos & ,py?okles4#aeji ,s9ce ! footm>ks d n agree ) ^? ( ei!r "o ( ! ,olympia /atues1 ,pet]s5 believes t ! exi/+ footm>ks are due to an old] use ( ! base & t !y h no?+ to d ) ! /atue ( ,py?okles4 ,p]haps ! /atue on ! ,roman base 0 ! orig9al "o by ,polykleitos remov$ f ,olympia to ,rome1 ?\gh x is possible t x 0 only a copy1 ! orig9al be+ else:]e 9 ,rome4 ,:ile ! lat] /atue at ,olympia _h ! feet squ>ely on ! gr\nd1 ! orig9al "o /ood on ! "r foot1 ! left be+ drawn back & turn$ out1 t\*+ ! gr\nd only ) ! ball4 ,h5ce ! left knee mu/ h turn$ outw>ds1 a natural position1 if ! head ( ! /atue 0 turn$ slightly to ! left4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is is ! usual ,polykleitan s*eme4 ,furtwa5gl] has made a /rong ?\gh h>dly conv9c+ attempt to id5tify ?is orig9al /atue ) a copy surviv+ 9 two replicas at ,rome & ,muni*1 :i*1 z he believes1 fit ! conditions ( ! /atue ( ,py?okles4#aeaj ,^! copies repres5t a nude y\? /&+ ) ! weight ( ! body on ! "r leg1 ! left drawn back & outw>ds4 ,! head is turn$ to ! left1 ! "r arm is held close to ! side 7! h&1 p]haps1 once hold+ a fillet71 & ! left =e>m is out/ret*$ f ! elb[ & holds an aryballos 9 ! h&4 ,! two works are manife/ly ,polykleitan 9 /yle--! body1 head1 & hair treatm5t resembl+ t ( ! ,doryphoros4 ,he assum$ t ! feet correspond$ 9 scale ) ! footm>ks on ! ,olympia base4 ,helbig1 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,fuehr]1 recogniz$ ! k9%ip betwe5 ! ,vatican /atuette & ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 & 0 prone to accept ,furtwa5gl]'s id5tification2 b lat] on1 9 ! ?ird edition1 he ascrib$ ! /atuette only to ! ,polykleitan circle & d5i$ t its foot position correspond$ ) t ( ! ,py?okles base4 ,amelung also1 :ile accept+ its ,polykleitan "*1 has %[n t ! feet ( ! /atuette are clos] toge!r ?an ^? on ! ,olympia base & are plac$ at a slightly diff]5t angle4 ,z = ! ,muni* /atue1 bo? ,helbig & ,amelung h rul$ x out ( ! evid5ce4 ,! head1 ?\gh simil> to t ( ! /atuette1 also discloses m>k$ diff]5ces1 & ! legs ( ! two works d n h ! same pose4 ,loewy agrees ) ,amelung t ! /atue ( ,py?okles con=m$ ) ! type ( ! ,diad\m5os--especially ) ! ,vaison copy 7see ,fig4 #bh7--;& ) t ( ! ,doryphoros4#aeaa ,we c n1 !re=e1 safely assume t ! /atue ( ,py?okles has be5 recov]$ 9 any exi/+ copy4#aeab ,a fur!r v>iant ( ! works j discuss$ %\ld be m5tion$ "h--! beautiful m>ble /atue ( a boy victor 9 ,dresd51 kn[n z ! ,dresd5 ,boy 7,fig4 #de74aeac ,9 ?is /atue ! leg position is ne>ly l t indicat$ by ! m>ks on ! ,py?okles basis1 ?\gh ! left foot is n set s f> back nor its tip s f> out4 ,! head is turn$ to ! left & slightly l[]$1 ! "r arm hung to ! side1 & ! left =e>m 0 out/ret*$1 ! h& d\btless hold+ "s a?letic article1 at :i* ! boy is look+ d[n1 p]haps a diskos#aead or a fillet4 ,?is beautiful a?lete /atue has _m /yli/ic po9ts 9 common ) ! ,diad\m5os1 & %[s simil> ,attic influ5ce1 & its orig9al may be ref]r$ ) ,furtwa5gl] to ! lat] p]iod ( ! ma/] himself4 ,x gives u an excell5t idea h[ ,polykleitos may h made 8 ,olympia boy victors appe>4 ,a m remote v>iant seems to be furni%$ by a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 bronze /atuette ( a y\?ful a?lete 9 ! ,l\vre4#aeae ,"h ! position ( ! feet1 ! turn ( ! head1 & ! direction ( ! gaze are ! same z 9 ! ,dresd5 ,boy4 ,h[ev]1 z ! "r arm is rais$ horizontally1 ,furtwa5gl] believ$ t ! "r h& held a fillet :i* ! y\? is lett+ fall into ! palm ( ! left4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,/atue ( a ,boy ,victor 7! ,dresd5 ,boy74 ,alb]t9um1 ,dresd54 ,t /atues ( p5ta?letes at ,olympia 7 also repres5t$ 9 motion is %[n by ! footm>ks on ! recov]$ base ( "o ( ! two /atues m5tion$ by ,pausanias z set up 9 honor ( ! ,elean ,ais*9es1 :o won two victories "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #abf & #acb 7 #bgf & #beb ,b4 ,c474#aeaf ,^! m>ks %[ t ! /atue repres5t$ ! victor 9 viol5t movem5t1 s9ce ! left foot 0 turn$ outw>ds & ! "r "o 0 br\ght almo/ to ! edge ( ! base4 ,we %all next consid] 9 "s detail h[ ! p5ta?lete may h be5 repres5t$ at ,olympia 9 ! ?ree *>act]i/ic conte/s ( jump+1 diskos-?r[+1 & javel9-?r[+4 ,we h already discuss$ ! runn]1 & 9 a future section we %all discuss ! wre/l]1 bo? ( :om cont5d$ 9 ^! ev5ts n only 9 ! p5ta?lon1 b also 9 ! correspond+ indep5d5t competitions4 ,,jump]s4 ,jump+ 0 a well-kn[n conte/ 9 h]oic days4 ,9 ,hom]1 h[ev]1 x did n take place at ! games ( ,patroklos1 b only at ^? held by ,k+ ,alk9oos4#aeag ,qu9tus ,smyrnu has ! ,trojan h]oes cont5d 9 jump+1#aeah & ! conte/ goes back to my?ology4#aeai ,?\gh ,plato does n m5tion x1 ,ari/otle does4#aebj ,lat] x became an ess5tial "p ( ! p5ta?lon1 ?\gh nev] an indep5d5t conte/ at ! great games4 ,x 0 probably consid]$ to be ! mo/ repres5tative feature ( ! p5ta?lon1 p]haps because ( ! cu/om>y use ( ! halt]es 9 ! physical ex]cises ( ! gymnasium4 ,jump+-weights 71 9 fact1 ! special symbol ( ! p5ta?lon1 &1 z we saw 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 7 (t5 ! def9itive attributes indicat$ on /atues ( p5ta?letes4#aeba ,we %all next discuss ! appe>ance & use ( su* jump+-weights4 ,_! =m is (t5 a sure indication ( ! date ( a /atue4 ,jue?n] has made a c>eful /udy ( ! diff]5t %apes ( halt]es & 8 conclusions h be5 foll[$1 = ! mo/ "p1 by ,g>d9]4#aebb ,! halt]es d n appe> 9 ,hom]1 b 7 9 exi/5ce at lea/ by ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & a little lat] !y probably appe>$ on p5ta?lete /atues4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ! lead weight f ,eleusis n[ 9 ,a!ns1 ^: inscription records t x 0 d$icat$ by "o ,epa9etos to commemorate 8 victory 9 jump+4#aebc ,on vase-pa9t+s ( ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 we see num]\s types1 b two ma9 ones4 ,e>ly b4-f4 vases %[ a semicircul> piece ( metal or /one ) a deep depression on "o side = a f+] grip1 ! two club-l ends be+ equal 7z 9 ,figs4 #cf;,a & #dd74 ,9 ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 a club-l type came 91 :i* %[s _m modifications 9 ! size & %ape ( ! ends4#aebd ,9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! second ma9 type appe>$1 ( an elongat$ semisph]ical =m1 ?icke/ 9 ! middle & ) ! ends po9t$ or r\nd$4 ,^! correspond ) ! 8ar*aic0 ones1 :i* ,pausanias saw on ! figure ( ,agon 9 ! d$icatory gr\p ( ,miky?os at ,olympia#aebe & describes z =m+ half an elongat$ circle & s fa/5$ z to let ! f+]s pass ?r\gh4 ,we h two /one examples ( ?is type3 "o f\nd at ,cor9?1 n[ 9 ! ,polyte*nic ,in/itute 9 ,a!ns1#aebf 9 :i* a hole is cut beh9d ! middle = ! f+]s & ?umbs1 & a m primitive s+le "o f ,olympia4#aebg ,philo/ratos divides ! ,greek jump+-weights into 8long0 & 8sph]ical10#aebh :i* ,jue?n] id5tifies ) ! two types j discuss$4 ,g>d9]1 h[ev]1 f9ds ?is impossible1 s9ce ,pausanias speaks ( "o type z 8ar*aic10 & he consequ5tly ?9ks t ^! 7 no long] 9 use 9 ! "t ( ,philo/ratos4 ,aft] ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 we h little evid5ce ab\t halt]es until ,roman days1 :5 a cyl9drical type appe>s on ,roman copies ( ,greek /atues ( a?letes1 on mosaics & wall-pa9t+s4#aebi ,?us x appe>s on ! tree-trunk 9 two a?lete /atues 9 ,dresd5#aecj & ! ,pitti ,gall]y 9 ,flor5ce1#aeca & on ! ,lat]an a?lete mosaic f ,tusculum ( ! imp]ial p]iod4#aecb ,9 ,roman days jump+-weights 7 us$ = ! mo/ "p 9 m$ical gymna/ics1 l our dumb-bells4#aecc ,philo/ratos says t ! jump 0 ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! p5ta?lon4#aecd ,x nev] exi/$ z an indep5d5t competition despite its popul>ity 9 ,greece4 ,?is popul>ity is atte/$ by ! frequ5cy ) :i* x is depict$ on vases f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 onw>d4 ,"h ! jump] is regul>ly %[n ) weights1 & we c assume t _m p5ta?lete /atues 7 s repres5t$1 ! sculptor ord9>ily copy+ ! k9d ( weight :i* 0 9 use 9 8 own age4 ,:ile ,philo/ratos 9 8 day ?\ght t ! use ( weights 0 m]ely to aid 9 ex]cise1 ,ari/otle long be=e _h rightly und]/ood t ! jump] c\ld make a long] jump ) ?an )\t !m1#aece a fact easily prov$ by ! feats ( mod]n jump]s4 ,:ile ! mod]n record = ! runn+ broad jump is #be feet #c in*es1#aecf an ,engli% a?lete jump$ #bi feet #g in*es ) ! use ( #e-p\nd weights1#aecg & a ,g]man (fic] 9 full uni=m jump$ #bc feet f a spr+bo>d4#aech ,! record$ jumps ( ,phallos at ,delphi & ( ,*ionis at ,olympia1 ! =m] #ee feet & ! latt] #eb1 c n1 h[ev]1 be expla9$ z ord9>y broad jumps1 ev5 if we assume t ! ,greek jump] 0 f> sup]ior to ! mod]n "o4 ,su* jumps w\ld be impossible ev5 ) spr+bo>ds or rais$ plat=ms1 & we h no evid5ce t ! ,greeks us$ su* devices4 ,we might expla9 !m on ! !ory ( triple jumps#aeci--?\gh ! difficulty ( su* a solution is v great--or simply z mi/akes 9 ! records4 ,?us ! record ( ,phallos is f\nd 9 a late epigram1 9 :i* ?is a?lete is also said to h ?r[n ! diskos #aje feet4#aedj ,t ( ,*ionis is1 to be sure1 giv5 by ,africanus4#aeda ,b x is m ?an probable t 7#eb7 ( 8 record %\ld read 7#bb71 s9ce ! ,arm5ian ,lat9 text reads duos et vig9ti cubitus4#aedb ,vase-pa9t+s tell u h[ ! halt]es 7 us$4#aedc ,! jump] swung !m =w>d & upw>d until !y 7 level ) or high] ?an ! head2 !n he br\ght !m d[n1 b5d+ ! body =w>d until ! h&s 7 bel[ ! knees1 ! jump tak+ place on ! return sw+4 ,we f9d ! prelim9>y sw+ repres5t$ mo/ commonly on ! vases2#aedd we also see on !m ! top ( ! upw>d sw+1#aede ! bottom ( ! d[nw>d sw+1#aedf ! jump] 9 midair1#aedg & ! mom5t j be=e alight+4#aedh ,! act ( l&+ is se5 on an ,etruscan wall-pa9t+ f a tomb at ,*iusi4#aedi ,runn+ jumps are ! ones mo/ commonly depict$4#aeej ,! repres5tation ( ! jump1 !re=e1 0 specially adapt$ to ! vase-pa9t] & n to ! sculptor4 ,if any movem5t 9 ! jump c\ld h be5 repres5t$ to advantage 9 sculpture1 x w\ld h be5 ! e>ly position 9 :i* ! weights 7 swung =w>d & upw>ds4 ,?is is ! "o repres5t$ on an incis$ bronze diskos f ,sicily n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#aeea :]e an a?lete1 ) 8 "r leg drawn back = ! spr+1 is hold+ ! weights 9 8 out/ret*$ h&s4 ,a small f9ely modell$ bronze /atuette dat+ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york1 may repres5t a jump] ei!r j tak+ (f1 or p]haps j f9i%+ ! jump4#aeeb ,! a?lete is /&+ ) 8 left foot advanc$1 8 knees b5t back1 & 8 body lean+ =w>d1 & is hold+ bo? arms 9 front1 ! palms d[nw>ds4 ,su* a conc5trat$ attitude rem9ds u /rongly ( ,myron1 "u ^: influ5ce ?is /atuette mu/ h be5 made4 ,"s h int]pret$ x z ! repres5tation ( a div]1 ?\gh ! h&s seem to be held too f> ap>t & ! body wrongly pois$ = t position1 z we see x 9 a /atuette ( a div] f ,p]ugia4#aeec ,m likely a jump] is int5d$1 z ! attitude is v simil> to t depict$ on sev]al vases4#aeed ,h[ev]1 z ! jump] has no halt]es1 x c n repres5t a p5ta?lete1 b mu/ be an ord9>y gymnasium a?lete4 ,,diskoboloi4 ,! diskos-?r[ 77 goes back to my?ology & h]oic days4#aeee ,9 ,hom]1 at ! games ( ,patroklos1 ,a*illes ca/s a metal mass call$ ! 4#aeef ,?is 0 ! primitive type ( diskos4 ,( su* e>ly conte/s & feats ( /r5g? we h a good record 9 ! r$-s&/one mass1 weigh+ #adc4e kilograms 7 #cae p\nds71 :i* has be5 f\nd at ,olympia1 m>k$ ) a six?-c5tury inscription to ! effect t "o ,bybon ?rew x ov] 8 head4#aeeg ,!re is no?+ a?letic1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! use ( su* a /one or ( ! ,hom]ic solos4 ,! diskos 0 also kn[n to ,hom]4#aeeh ,x 0 ( /one1 & 9 ,p9d> ! h]oes ,nikeus1 ,ka/or1 & ,iolaos /ill hurl ! /one diskos in/ead ( ! metal "o ( ! poet's day4#aeei ,! /one diskos appe>s on six?-c5tury vases z a :ite object1#aefj b metal ones 7 introduc$ at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,a bronze "o f ,kephall5ia 787 9 ! ,briti% ,museum has a six?-c5tury inscription 9 ! ,doric dialect & 9 ! alphabet ( ! ,ionian ,isl&s1 :i* gives ! d$ication ( ,exodas to ! ,diosk\roi4#aefa ,sev]al o!rs h be5 f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,greece1 especially at ,olympia4#aefb ,pausanias says t boys us$ a light] diskos ?an m54#aefc ,:ile only unimportant monum5ts outside ( vase-pa9t+s illu/rate ! jump1 ^? illu/rat+ ! diskos-?r[ are ri* & v>i$1 includ+ n only vases1 b /atues1 /atuettes1 small bronzes1 reliefs1 co9s1 & gems4#aefd ,9 8 c>eful attempt at recon/ruct+ ! me?od ( ca/+ ! diskos1 ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9] has di/+ui%$ sev5 diff]5t positions1 :i* are illu/rat$ by ! monum5ts4#aefe ,he %[s t :ile ! sw+ ( ! quoit 0 always ! same1 i4 e41 9 a v]tical & n 9 a horizontal arc1 & ! ?r[ 0 inv>iably made f a position l t ( ,myron's /atue1 ! prelim9>y & c]ta9 o!r movem5ts v>i$4 ,x w be well1 be=e discuss+ repres5tations ( ! diskos-?r[] 9 sculpture1 v briefly to recapitulate 8 summ>y ( positions1 us+ ! evid5ce :i* he & o!rs h collect$4 ,fir/1 ! prelim9>y position or /ance1 ) ?ree v>iations3 ei!r ! position ( ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos ( ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #f71 :i* occurs 9 bronzes1 b n on vases2 or ! position 9 :i* ! diskobolos raises ! quoit ) ! left h& level ) ! %\ld]1 :i* occurs on vase-pa9t+s2#aeff or t 9 :i* ! diskos is held outw>ds 9 bo? h&s level ) ! wai/4#aefg ,f any ( ^! /ance positions1 ei!r ) or )\t *ange ( feet1 we rea* ! second position1 9 :i* ! diskos is rais$ 9 bo? h&s & ext5d$ ei!r horizontally to ! front & level ) ! head1#aefh or held above ! head4#aefi ,?irdly ! diskos is swung d[nw>ds & re/s ^u ! "r =e>m1 ) ei!r foot =w>d4#aegj ,?is position leads up to t ( ,myron's /atue1 9 :i* ! diskos is swung z f> back z possible 7,pls4 #bb1 #bc1 & ,figs4 #cd1 #ce74aega ,! fif? position is ! beg9n+ ( ! =w>d sw+1 :5 ! body is /raight5$4#aegb ,z ! diskos sw+s d[nw>ds & ! left foot advances1 ! six? position is rea*$4#aegc ,la/ly ! "r foot is advanc$ aft] ! diskos is ca/4#aegd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,diskobolos4 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,a victor /atue ( a diskobolos might conceivably h tak5 any "o ( ^! sev5 positions4 ,we h already consid]$ ! two /atues1 ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos ( ,naukydes 9 ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #f7 & t ( ,myron 7,pls4 #bb1 #bc1 & ,figs4 #cd1 #ce71 ! two mo/ important works 9 sculpture to illu/rate positions ( ! ?r[4 ,! /atue ( ,naukydes is n tak+ aim1 z ,jue?n] ma9ta9s1 nor look+ d[n ! c\rse4 ,! head is incl9$ a little to ! "r & d[nw>ds1 & ! eyes are direct$ to ! gr\nd only a %ort di/ance away1 ?us measur+ ! di/ance ! left foot is to be advanc$1 :5 ! diskos is f9ally swung =w>d = ! ca/1 :i* takes place (f ! left & n (f ! "r foot4 ,! "r =e>m is rightly re/or$1 z x ?us appe>s on bronzes :i* imitate ?is /ance4#aege ,a diff]5t /ance is %[n 9 a f9e bronze /atuette 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 7,fig4 #df71aegf dat+ f ab\t #dhj ,b4 ,c4 ,?is little ma/]piece ( ! transition p]iod ( ,attic art1 /ill disclos+ ar*aic traits1 repres5ts a diskobolos /&+ firmly on bo? legs1 ! "r be+ slightly advanc$1 & hold+ ) ! left h& ! diskos level ) ! head4 ,t he is prep>+ = int5se action is se5 by ! way 9 :i* ! toes cat* ! gr\nd4 ,?\gh ! "r arm is brok5 (f f bel[ ! %\ld]1 we c inf] f vase-pa9t+s :i* %[ diskoboloi 9 ! same position#aegg t x 0 l[]$ & b5t at ! elb[ & ! h& left op54 ,f ?is position ! diskos w be rais$ high above ! head ) bo? h&s1 z 9 a bronze 9 ,a!ns1#aegh :i* illu/rates ,g>d9]'s second position4 ,! movem5t is c>ri$ a little fur!r--%[+ ! mom5t ( transition to ! d[nw>d sw+ or ?ird position--9 a fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 bronze 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#aegi ,"h a nude1 be>dless a?lete is repres5t$ /&+ ) ! "r foot advanc$ & hold+ ! diskos 9 bo? h&s be=e him above ! head4 ,! "r h& grasps ! quoit und]nea? & ! left at ! top4#aehj ,! ?ird position is well illu/rat$ by ! t9y ar*aic bronze on ! cov] ( a lebes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#aeha :i* repres5ts a nude & be>dless y\? /&+ ) ! left foot advanc$ & ) ! left h& rais$1 :ile ! "r holds ! diskos4 ,almo/ ! same pose is also se5 9 a small bronze 9 ! ,antiqu>ium1 ,b]l94#aehb ,two ar*aic /atuettes f ! ,akropolis1 n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns1 & rec5tly publi%$1 %\ld be m5tion$ 9 ?is connection4#aehc ,! m ar*aic ( ^! repres5ts a y\? 9 an attitude :i* has be5 misund]/ood4 ,de ,ridd] int]pret$ x z a danc+ man1 :ile ,/as ?\ght x repres5t$ a y\? walk+ along ) 8 left h& rais$ z if to w>d (f a bl[4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 %[$ t x 7l ano!r less p]fect example f ! ,akropolis1 no4 #feid7 repres5ts a diskobolos /&+ ) ! "r foot advanc$ & hold+ ! diskos 9 front ( ! body ) ! "r h&1 re/+ x aga9/ ! flat ( ! =e>m1 :ile ! left arm is rais$ above ! head4 ,?us x is ano!r example illu/rat+ ! initial /age ( ,g>d9]'s ?ird position4 ,! o!r /atuette1 wrongly m\nt$1 %\ld1 accord+ to ,:ite1 be made to lean fur!r =w>d2 ! knees are b5t1 ! body swung =w>d f ! hips1 ! head ?r[n back & upw>d1 ! "r arm /ret*$ =? ) ! flat ( ! =e>m upp]mo/ & ! left simil>ly plac$4 ,g>d9] & ,/as int]pret$ ?is figure z a *>iote]1 & de ,ridd] z ei!r a jump]1 :o has rais$ 8 halt]es prep>atory to ! leap1 or a diskobolos4 ,:ite has %[n t ! position ( ! "r arm proves x to be a diskobolos1 repres5t$ 9 a movem5t betwe5 ,g>d9]'s ?ird & f\r? positions1 j prior to t ( ,myron's /atue4 ,de ,ridd] believ$ bo? /atues to be ,aeg9etan1 b no4 #ffad1 :5 comp>$ ) ,myron's /atue1 is c]ta9ly ,attic1 & resemblances 9 ! treatm5t ( ! hair1 eyes1 & m\? %[ t bo? /atuettes are ( ! same s*ool4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t ,myron's great /atue _h no pr$ecessor1 z x c]ta9ly _h no successor4 ,its fame 0 enhanc$ by ! assumption t ,myron pass$ at "o /ride f su* /atues z ! ,tyrannicides to t complex "w4 ,su* works1 h[ev]1 z ^! /atuettes--especially no4 #ffad--%[ t ! prelim9>y problems _h be5 solv$ on a humble scale be=e ,myron und]took 8 consummate "w4 ,"h1 !n1 we h works by arti/s :o belong$ to ! v movem5t :i* produc$ ,myron4 ,= ! la/ ?ree positions analyz$ by ,g>d9] 7nos4 #e1 #f1 #g7 our only illu/rations appe> to be vase-pa9t+s4 ,,akonti/ai4 ,javel9-?r[+ 71 7 0 v old & 0 univ]sal 9 ,greece1 its orig9 be+ trac$ back to my?ology4#aehd ,/ass(f tri$ to trace x to ,ori5tal s\rces1#aehe b inasmu* z no su* conte/ is %[n on ! monum5ts ( ,egypt or ,assyria1 ,jue?n] is probably "r 9 assum+ t x 0 ,greek 9 orig94 ,9 ,hom] x 0 a sep>ate conte/ at ! games ( ,patroklos4#aehf ,jue?n] has di/+ui%$ two types ( javel9-?r[+ 9 ! hi/orical p]iod3 "o 9 :i* ! spe> or akontion 0 po9t$ m or less upw>ds1#aehg ! o!r 9 :i* x 0 held horizontally4#aehh ,only ! =m] type is repres5t$ 9 illu/rations ( purely a?letic competitions1 ! latt] type ref]r+ to illu/rations ( ! practical use ( javel9-?r[+1 i4 e41 9 w> or 9 ! *ase4 ,vase-pa9t+s ( pal/ra sc5es almo/ inv>iably %[ javel9s ) blunt po9ts2 ! ?r[]s' heads are frequ5tly turn$ back be=e ! ?r[1 & !re is no sign ( any t>get4 ,on vase-pa9t+s1 h[ev]1 :i* repres5t practical javel9-?r[+ f horseback1 ! javel9s are po9t$4 ,?is proves t 9 a?letic conte/s ! ?r[ 0 = di/ance & n at a m>k4#aehi ,! javel9 us$ 9 ,greek games _h sev]al names1 1 1 etc4#aeij ,x 0 ab\t ! height ( a man1 z we "k f its appe>ance on a ,sp>tan relief1#aeia & f _m vase-pa9t+s repres5t+ pal/ra sc5es 7,fig4 #dd74 ,x 0 ?r[n by means ( a ?ong 71 ,lat4 am5tum71 :i* 0 fa/5$ ne> ! c5tre & consi/$ ( a deta*able lea!rn /rip f #ab to #ah in*es long4 ,?is 0 b\nd tight1 ) a loop left1 into :i* ! ?r[] ins]t$ 8 fir/ & middle f+]s4#aeib ,! me?od ( ca/+ is se5 on _m vases4#aeic ,g>d9] has analyz$ ?ree diff]5t positions f vase-pa9t+s4 ,usually ! ?r[ 0 made ) a %ort run1 ?\gh /&+ ?r[s are also pictur$4#aeid ,fir/ ! ?r[] ext5ds ! "r arm back to its full l5g? &1 ) ! left h& opposite ! "r brea/1 holds ! end ( ! spe> & pu%es x back1 hold+ x d[nw>ds or horizontally4#aeie ,next he />ts to run1 turn+ 8 body sidewise & ext5d+ 8 left arm to ! front4 ,on a r4-f4 ,muni* kylix#aeif we see ! fir/ & second positions4 ,! y\? on ! left is /eady+ ! javel9 ) ! left h&1 :ile ! "o on ! "r has j let x g4 ,a fur!r turn ( ! body to ! "r takes place & ! "r knee is b5t1 :ile ! "r %\ld] is dropp$ & ! h& is turn$ outw>ds4#aeig ,! actual ca/ is v uncommon on vase-pa9t+s1 because ( difficulty 9 repres5t+ x4#aeih ,because ( ! assum$ lack ( sculptural monum5ts1 ,reis*#aeii & o!rs h wrongly d\bt$ :e!r javel9-?r[]s 7 repres5t$ 9 sculpture z victors4 ,!re c]ta9ly is no a priori reason :y a?letic sculptors might n h made /atues 9 any "o ( ! ?ree poses :i* ,g>d9] has di/+ui%$ on vase-pa9t+s1 ev5 if ?is conte/1 l jump+1 0 bett] adapt$ to ! pa9t] ?an to ! sculptor4 ,fur!rmore1 we %all attempt to %[ t su* monum5ts actually did exi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,bu/ ( ! ,doryphoros1 aft] ,polykleitos1 by ,apollonios4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--,/atue ( ! ,doryphoros1 aft] ,polykleitos4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,! be/ example ( su* a javel9-?r[] seems to be ! ,doryphoros1 ! mo/ fam\s /atue ( ,polykleitos1 9 :i* he illu/rat$ 8 canon ( a?letic =ms4 ,! ,doryphoros exi/s 9 _m copies1 all ( :i* agree fairly well 9 /yle & proportions4 ,k4 ,fri$ri*s1 9 8 monograph ,d] ,doryphoros des ,polyklets1 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahfc1afjj 0 ! fir/ to %[ t ! /atue f\nd 9 #agig 9 ! ,palai/ra at ,pompeii1 & n[ 9 ! ,naples ,museum 7,pl4 #d71 0 a copy ( ! orig9al bronze1 z x %[s all ! peculi>ities ( ! ma/]'s /yle kn[n to u f tradition4#afja ,mahl] enum]ates #g /atues1 #ag torsos1 & #cf heads copi$ f ! orig9al1 & ! f9e1 b expressionless1 ,augu/an bronze bu/ f ! villa ( ! ,pisos1 ,h]culaneum1 inscrib$ z ! "w ( ! sculptor ,apollonios1 son ( ,ar*ios1 ( ,a!ns1 :i* is n[ 9 ,naples 7,fig4 #dg74afjb ,! be/-pres]v$ copy ( ! /atue1 ! "o 9 ,naples1 is surpass$ 9 workman%ip by ! gre5 basalt torso 9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y 9 ,flor5ce#afjc & by ! m>ble "o =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,c\nt ,p\rtals 9 ,b]l94#afjd ,a poor] copy is to be f\nd 9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo ( ! ,vatican 7,fig4 #dh74afje ,9 ^! copies we see a ?ick-set y\? /&+ ) ! weight ( ! body on ! "r leg1 ! left "o ?r[n back & t\*+ ! gr\nd only ) ! toes1 seem+ly ready to advance1 ?\gh ! %\ld]s d n p>take ( ! walk+ action4 ,he is repres5t$1 !re=e1 at ! mom5t ( transition f walk+ to a re/ position--9 o!r words 9 a purely !oretical pose--at re/1 inde$1 b j ready aga9 to advance4#afjf ,8 left h& held a %ort akontion ov] ! %\ld] & n ! long spe> 771 :5ce ! "n ,doryphoros or spe>-be>] is d]iv$4#afjg ,! head is turn$ to ! same side z ! advanc$ foot1 :i* p]haps is an example ( ! monotony 9 ! "w ( ! ma/] compla9$ ( by anci5t critics2 v>iety w\ld h be5 atta9$ by turn+ x 9 ! opposite direction4 ,9 ! c>efully work$ bronze orig9al1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ h _h an insignificant intellectual aspect1 ! app>5tly simple problem--hi!rto va9ly attempt$ 9 ,greek art--( repres5t+ a man /&+ almo/ motionless1 b full ( life1 0 = ! fir/ "t solv$4 ,x is a long way f ! motionless figures kn[n z 8,apollos10 ) _! arms glu$ to ! sides & _! legs close toge!r1 to ?is vigor\s a?lete4 ,z we h already indicat$1 ,greek art develop$ ! fir/ /ep beyond ! 8,apollos0 by fur!r advanc+ "o leg ( a /atue &1 x may be1 ext5d+ "o =e>m horizontally4 ,! next /ep 0 to place "o foot slightly sidewise & ?us relieve x ( ! weight ( ! body--! well-kn[n s*eme ( ! 8free0 & 8re/0 leg4 ,at fir/ ! relaxation 0 slight1 ! 8free0 leg n be+ int5d$ to move =w>d1 nor ! p>ts ( ! body to be mu* %ift$4 ,polykleitos' innovation consi/$ 9 hav+ ! legs s plac$1 "o beh9d ! o!r1 t ! figure1 :ile app>5tly re/+ on "o1#afjh seem$ to be advanc+4 ,on ! gr\nd ( ! famili> passage 9 ,pl9y cit$1 x has be5 g5]ally assum$ t ,polykleitos introduc$ ! walk+ motive into sculpture4 ,h[ev]1 ?is motive 0 probably ! inv5tion ( ! e>li] ,argive s*ool1 borr[$ by ,polykleitos = 8 canon1 z se5 9 ! /atue ( ! s-call$ ,muni* ,k+ 7,zeus871 ( ! ,glypto!k1 :i* ,furtwa5gl] has %[n to be a "w ( ab\t #dfj ,b4 ,c4#afji ,does ! ,doryphoros repres5t a p5ta?lete victor8 ,s9ce ,qu9tilian says t x appe>s ready = w> or = ! ex]cises ( ! pal/ra1#afaj ,helbig & o!rs h class$ x z a w>rior1 p]haps "o ( ! ,a*illeae m5tion$ by ,pl9y#afaa z set up 9 ! ,greek gymnasia4 ,furtwa5gl] /ress$ ! incorrectness ( call+ an a?lete a ,doryphoros#afab--;a "n orig9ally giv5 to an att5dant be>+ a lance 771 & s inapplicable to ! /atue ( ,polykleitos1 :i* repres5t$ n a s]v]1 b an a?lete c>ry+ an akontion 7witness ! ,b]l9 gem already m5tion$7--b lat]#afac conclud$ t an a?lete /atue ) ! akontion might h be5 vaguely describ$ 9 late art j>gon z a spe>-be>]4 ,consequ5tly he f\nd probable ! int]pretation ( ! v>i\s doryphoroi m5tion$ by ,pl9y#afad z victor /atues1 & ?\ght t ! orig9al ( ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos might v well h repres5t$ an ,olympic p5ta?lete1 :i* 0 orig9ally set up at ,argos1 :]e x 0 also adopt$ = a figure on ! h]oic grave-relief already m5tion$1 :i* repres5t$ ! y\? ) a spe> ov] 8 %\ld] /&+ beside a horse4 ,bulle also ?9ks t ! /atue repres5t$ a victor a?lete set up 9 "s sacr$ spot4 ,= its int]pretation z ! /atue ( a p5ta?lete victor1 an add$ pro( is furni%$ by ! discov]y ( a late ,roman copy ( x at ,olympia4#afae ,?is may v well h be5 ! d$ication ( an a?lete ( late date--( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4 or ( ! fir/ ,a4 ,d4--:o pref]r$ to be repres5t$ by a copy ( ! fam\s "w ( ,polykleitos r ?an by a new /atue4 ,treu's cont5tion t ! torso is too l>ge = a victor /atue1#afaf because ,lucian says t ! ,hellanodikai did n all[ /atues ( victors to be ov] life-size1#afag falls to ! gr\nd1 s9ce we "k t exceptions to ! rule exi/$ at ,olympia4#afah ,he agrees ) ,collignon#afai 9 int]pret+ x z a decorative /atue1 :i* surely involves an ana*ronism 9 ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 & 8 argum5t t its good pres]vation %[s x to h be5 set up 9 an int]ior room1 p]haps ( ! ,b\leut]ion1 9 ^: ru9s x 0 f\nd1 adduc+ ?is z additional evid5ce ( its decorative "*1 is no pro(1 s9ce victor /atues at ,olympia seem sometimes to h be5 h\s$4#afbj ,?us ! !ory t ! ,doryphoros repres5ts a p5ta?lete victor is well )9 ! range ( possibilities4 ,two bronze /atuettes 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1#afba ,new ,york1 belong+ to ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 may be repres5tations on a small scale ( p5ta?letes ) ! akontion4 ,! fir/ %[s a y\? /&+ ) ! weight ( ! body on ! left foot1 ! "r drawn slightly back4 ,! left h&1 held close to ! side1 may h c>ri$ an akontion1 ! "r arm be+ ext5d$4 ,! o!r1 m c>elessly execut$1 repres5ts a y\? /&+ simil>ly ) 8 weight on ! left foot1 ! "r be+ drawn back4 ,"h aga9 ! left arm is hang+ by ! side1 & probably held ! same attribute z ! fir/ /atuette4 ,! "r arm is also b5t at ! elb[4 ,a pat]a may h be5 held 9 ! out/ret*$ h& ( ea*4 ,! squ>e build1 %ort ?ighs1 flat abdom51 long skull1 & oval face are all ,polykleitan *>act]i/ics1 & rem9d u ( ! s]ies ( k9dr$ works already discuss$1 :i*1 z ,furtwa5gl] believ$1 w5t back to ! orig9al /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,x5okles at ,olympia1 ! "w ( ! y\ng] ,polykleitos4#afbb ,,wre/l]s4 ,wre/l+ 77 is p]haps ! olde/1 & 9 any case is ! mo/ univ]sal1 ( a?letic sports4 ,wall-pa9t+s at ,b5i-,hasan on ! ,nile1 dat+ f ab\t #bjjj ,b4 ,c41 %[ ne>ly all ! grips & ?r[s n[ kn[n4#afbc ,plato says t ?is sport 0 in/itut$ 9 my?ical times4#afbd ,9 ,greece its orig9 is lo/ 9 my?ology4#afbe ,! v "n palai/ra1 8wre/l+ s*ool10 indicates ! e>ly importance ( ! conte/4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ,greek sports f ! "t ( ,hom] d[n4#afbf ,?is popul>ity is %[n by ! frequ5cy ) :i* x appe>s 9 my?ology & art4 ,e>ly b4-f4 vases picture ,h]akles wre/l+ ) giants & mon/]s4 ,"h we see ! same holds & ?r[s z 9 ! pal/ra sc5es on lat] r4-f4 vases4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( co9s d[n to imp]ial days %[s su* sc5es4 ,no o!r ex]cise requir$ s mu* /r5g? & agility1 & consequ5tly wre/l+ mat*es e>ly became a "p ( ! great games4 ,at ,olympia wre/l+ 0 introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #ah 7 #gjh ,b4 ,c471 ! same ye> 9 :i* ! p5ta?lon 0 in/itut$4#afbg ,! boys' mat* appe>$ !re less ?an a c5tury lat] 9 ,ol4 #cg 7 #fcb ,b4 ,c474#afbh ,pausanias m5tions /atues erect$ to #cf victors 7= #de victories71 :i* makes ?is conte/ second only 9 importance to box+ !re4 ,!re 7 two sorts ( wre/l+ 9 ,greece1 wre/l+ 9 ! prop] s5se 7 71 :]e ea* tri$ to ?r[ 8 antagoni/ to ! gr\nd1 mak+ 8 %\ld]s t\* ?ree times1 & gr\nd wre/l+ 71 71 :]e ! fight 0 cont9u$ on ! gr\nd by us+ e means1 except bit+ & g\g+1 till "o 0 exhau/$4 ,! fir/ k9d 0 ! only "o us$ 9 ! ev5t call$ at ,olympia1 z well z 9 ! p5ta?lon2 ! o!r 0 us$ only 9 ! pankration4 ,9 ?is section we %all discuss only ! fir/4#afbi ,a rec5tly discov]$ papyrus ( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d41 conta9+ brief in/ructions = wre/l+ lessons int5d$ to help ! 1 indicates t e movem5t 9 ! conte/ 0 sy/ematically taught4#afcj ,! v>i\s positions us$--grips & ?r[s--are %[n by _m monum5ts1 vase-pa9t+s1 gems1 co9s1#afca /atuettes1 & /atues4 ,! vases#afcb especially illu/rate ! v>i\s holds assum$ by wre/l]s dur+ a b\t--front 771 side 771 wri/1 arm1 neck 771 & body holds4 ,/ill o!rs illu/rate ! v>i\s ?r[s--fly+ m>e1#afcc heave1#afcd buttocks & cross-buttocks 7 71 & tripp+ 774 ,we "h reproduce two su* pa9t+s4 ,! fir/1 ! obv]se ( a r4-f4 amphora f ,vulci1 sign$ by ,&okides & n[ 9 ,b]l9 7,fig4 #di71afce %[s two positions4 ,9 ! c5tral gr\p ! wre/l] on ! left side has grasp$ 8 oppon5t's left wri/ ) 8 "r h&4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 has r5d]$ ! grip useless by pass+ 8 own "r h& beh9d 8 oppon5t's back & grasp+ 8 "r arm j bel[ ! elb[4 ,9 ?is way he keeps 8 oppon5t f turn+ r\nd1 :i* movem5t w\ld n h be5 possible if ! latt] _h grasp$ him by ! upp] arm4 ,9 ! gr\p ( wre/l]s to ! "r we see an illu/ration ( a body hold4 ,"h a y\?ful a?lete has lift$ 8 be>d$ antagoni/ cle> (f 8 feet prelim9>y to ?r[+ him4 ,h[ev]1 ! "o lift$ f ! gr\nd has caught 8 foot ar\nd 8 oppon5t's leg1 :i* is an illu/ration ( tripp+4 ,on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,museum 9 ,philadelphia 7,fig4 #ej;a71#afcf we see a body hold prep>atory to ! heave2 "h to ! "r are two y\?s wre/l+1 & to ! left /&s a be>d$ tra9] ) 8 rod4 ,"o wre/l] has already lo/ 8 balance & is support+ himself ) bo? h&s on ! gr\nd1 :ile ! o!r ) 8 left h& holds ! o!r's "r arm d[n1 & ) 8 "r prep>es to ?r[ him ov] 8 head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,wre/l+ ,sc5es4 ,f ,obv]se ( an ,amphora1 by ,&okides4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e,o4--,wre/l+ & ,box+ ,sc5es4 ,f a r4-f4 ,kylix4 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,museum1 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,bronze ,/atues ( ,wre/l]s4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,f vase-pa9t+s1 !n1 we c see :at positions ! sculptor might h us$ 9 repres5t+ gr\ps ( wre/l]s4 ,= ! positions ( individual figures ( wre/l]s1 we are guid$ by sev]al /atues & small bronzes4 ,! prelim9>y position 77 seems to be be/ repres5t$ by ! bronze /atues ( wre/l+ boys discov]$ at ,h]culaneum 9 #aged1 & n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,naples 7,fig4 #ea74afcg ,^! figures h be5 v>i\sly int]pret$ z runn]s1#afch diskoboloi1#afci & wre/l]s4 ,_! attitude1 b5t =w>d ) out/ret*$ h&s1 implies ! utmo/ expectancy4 ,if !y 7 runn]s1 !y w\ld lean fur!r =w>d2 z !y are /&+1 !y c\ld n beg9 to run )\t loss ( "t 9 rais+ ! heels ( ! =w>d feet4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y repres5t$ diskos-?r[]s at ! mom5t j subsequ5t to ! ?r[1 _! "r feet w\ld be advanc$ & n _! left1 9 ord] to recov] _! balance1 z we h se5 above 9 consid]+ ,g>d9]'s sev5? position4 ,! position ( _! arms1 h[ev]1 & ! expression ( _! faces make x almo/ c]ta9 t !y are wre/l]s eag]ly wat*+ = an op5+4 ,! two /atues c]ta9ly belong toge!r1 & may h be5 set up z antagoni/s 9 ! villa 9 ^: ru9s !y 7 f\nd4 ,f4 ,haus] 0 ! fir/ to %[ t ! =m ( body & head 9 bo? 0 ! same4#afdj ,:ile mo/ critics believe t !y are ,hell5i/ic 9 orig91 ,bulle is c]ta9ly "r 9 %[+ t ! body ideal express$ is ,lysippan--i4 e41 long legs & sl5d] trunk--ev5 if he goes too f> 9 ascrib+ !m to ! ma/] himself1 bas+ 8 conclusion *iefly on ! simil>ity ( _! e>s ) ^? ( ! ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #bi74 ,a good illu/ration ( a h& or wri/ grip is af=d$ by a small wre/l] gr\p1 :i* decorates ! rim ( a bronze b[l f ,borsdorf4#afda ,?is is a poorly wr\ght ,etruscan "w ( fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,greek orig94 ,! two wre/l]s h already gripp$ & _! heads are close toge!r1 ?\gh ! lunge 9 ea* case is mu* exagg]at$4 ,simil> are ! two gr\ps on ! rim ( a bronze b[l 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4#afdb ,a ?ird-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,etruscan ci/a 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1#afdc has a h&le on ! lid 9 ! =m ( two nude wre/l]s1 ^: bodies are incl9$ t[>d "o ano!r1 _! heads 9 contact1 & _! arms lock$ beh9d _! heads4 ,gr\ps ( wre/l]s 9 simil> attitudes commonly appe> z ci/a h&les4#afdd ,a portion ( a bronze gr\p ( wre/l]s 0 dr$g$ f ! sea ne> ,ky!ra & is n[ 9 ,a!ns4#afde ,! heave is repres5t$ by a metope f ! ,!seion repres5t+ ! wre/l+ b\t betwe5 ,!seus & ,k]kyon4#afdf ,a lat] mom5t is se5 9 a bronze wre/l+-gr\p 9 ,p>is4#afdg ,! cross-buttocks is illu/rat$ by a small ,hell5i/ic bronze gr\p 9 ! collection ( ,james ,loeb 9 ,muni*1 ( :i* five o!r copies are kn[n4#afdh ,"h two a?letes1 "o be>d$ & ! o!r be>dless1 are j end+ ! b\t4 ,! y\? is 9 ! p[] ( ! man1 :o /&s beh9d him & presses him d[n by hold+ 8 arms backw>d4 ,all ! o!r replicas diff] f ! ,loeb example 9 t ! victor has bo? legs & n "o 9 front ( ! "r leg ( ! vanqui%$ wre/l]4 ,a good illu/ration ( tripp+ is se5 9 ano!r relat$ s]ies ( gr\ps kn[n to u 9 five bronze copies4 ,^! repres5t a wre/l] on ! gr\nd support+ himself on 8 left arm1 :ile ov] him /&s ! victor1 ^: left foot is twi/$ ar\nd ! o!r's "r4 ,^! gr\ps are1 l ! prec$+1 also ,roman prov9cial copies ( a ,hell5i/ic orig9al4#afdi ,! two gr\ps are v simil>1 ! only real diff]5ce be+ t ! vanqui%$ wre/l] 9 ! second s]ies /ill has 8 left arm free & holds himself up on 8 "r knee4 ,bo? s]ies seem to h be5 influ5c$ by ! m>ble pancratia/ gr\p 9 ! ,uffizi 7,pl4 #be74afej ,! head ( an a?lete 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1#afea %[s by its /rongly project+ neck t x comes f ! /atue ei!r ( a runn] ready to />t or ( a wre/l] ab\t to grip 8 adv]s>y4 ,! face is f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,attic 9 "* & ! head may1 !re=e1 come f ,euphranor's circle4 ,pl9y speaks ( a pant+ wre/l] 7luctator anhelans7 by ! /atu>y ,nauk]os1 :i* mu/ h exhibit$ ! conte/ant 9 int5se movem5t4#afeb ,x might h repres5t$ him aft] victory1 z 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,p>rhasios discuss$ above1 :i* pictur$ a hoplitodrome aft] ! race1 brea?+ h>d4#afec ,pl9y also m5tions a pa9t+ ( a wre/l] by ,antidotos )\t describ+ x4#afed ,z we h already rem>k$1 d\btless "s ( ! apoxyom5oi & p]ixyom5oi m5tion$ by ,pl9y 7 also wre/l]s4 ,:e!r wre/l+-gr\ps 7 set up at ,olympia is d\btful4 ,*>iot-gr\ps 7 inde$ common1 b !re is no reason :y ! victori\s wre/l] %\ld h _h himself c\pl$ ) 8 defeat$ oppon5t4 ,pausanias1 moreov]1 m5tions no su* gr\ps4 ,we are !re=e safe 9 inf]r+ t 9 mo/1 if n 9 all1 cases ! wre/l] w\ld cont5t himself ) a s+le /atue1 & ?is might repres5t him 9 any position 9 :i* he 0 n actually int]lock$ ) 8 adv]s>y4 ,t su* /atues repres5t$ him bo? 9 repose & 9 motion is atte/$ by recov]$ bases4 ,! footpr9ts on ! base ( ! /atue ( ! ,elean wre/l] ,paianios1 a victor ( ! e>ly ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41#afee %[s u t he 0 repres5t$ z /&+ 9 repose1 ! weight ( ! body re/+ on ! "r leg1 ! left be+ drawn back & t\*+ ! gr\nd ) ! toes only4 ,a hole 9 ! base may h be5 = a spe> on :i* ! victor's h& re/$1 ?\gh ! /atue is n t ( a p5ta?lete4 ,! p]fectly pres]v$ footpr9ts on ! base ( ! /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,x5okles by ,polykleitos ! ,y\ng] %[ t he 0 repres5t$ z /&+ ) 8 weight on ! "r leg1 ! left be+ slightly advanc$ & to "o side1 ?\gh re/+ flat on ! gr\nd4 ,! head 0 probably turn$ a little to ! "r4 ,?us ! wre/l] 0 pois$ ready to grip 8 adv]s>y4#afef ,?is /atue mu/ h be5 a favorite among a?lete monum5ts1 s9ce ! same motive appe>s 9 v>i\s ,roman copies1 :i* ,furtwa5gl] assigns to ! imm$iate circle ( ! pupils ( ,polykleitos4 ,! /atue ( ! ,argive wre/l] ,*eimon by ,naukydes may h repres5t$ him 9 motion1 s9ce ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ two /atues ( ! victor1 "o 9 ,olympia & ! o!r 9 ! temple ( ,concord at ,rome1 says t !y 7 among ! mo/ fam\s works ( t sculptor4 ,f ?is encomium ,reis* has assum$ t ! "o at ,olympia 0 repres5t$ 9 lively motion4#afeg ,,box]s4 ,box+1 l wre/l+1 0 "o ( ! olde/ sports 9 ,greece1 z x has be5 ev]y:]e else4 ,! fi/ is ! simple/ & mo/ natural ( all weapons4#afeh ,box+ 0 popul> already 9 ,hom]1 mat*es be+ describ$ bo? 9 ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey4#afei ,hom] speaks ( x z 1#affj & ?is 8pa9ful0 "* is also m5tion$ by ,x5ophanes4#affa ,h[ev]1 box+ 0 f> old] ?an epic poetry4 ,we h already se5 t x 0 ! only =m ( real a?letics 9 ,aegean ,crete4 ,"o ( ! olde/ repres5tations ( a box+ mat* is se5 on ! fragm5ts ( a bronze %ield discov]$ !re 9 ! grotto ( ,zeus on ,m\nt ,ida4 ,"h on a s+le conc5tric r+ are se5 two w>riors1 arm$ l ,assyrians ) corslets1 %ields1 & helmets1 fight+ ) d\bl$ fi/s4#affb ,! high antiquity ( box+ 9 ,greece is also %[n by my?s4#affc ,at ,olympia ,apollo is said to h beat5 ,ares1#affd & ,polydeukes won a victory !re4#affe ,apollo appe>s z ! god ( box+ 9 ! ,iliad1#afff & ! ,delphians sacrific$ to ,apollo 4#affg ,h]akles1 ,polydeukes1 ,tydeus1 & ,!seus 7 all fam$ box]s2 ! latt] 0 said to h inv5t$ ! art4#affh ,! hi/orical box+ mat* 0 introduc$ at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #bc 7 #fhh ,b4 ,c471 & ,onoma/os ( ,smyrna1 ! fir/ victor1 in/itut$ ! rules ( ! conte/4#affi ,! boys' conte/ 0 in/itut$ 9 ,ol4 #da 7 #faf ,b4 ,c474#afgj ,x 0 by f> ! mo/ popul> conte/ !re4 ,( ! #aib monum5ts erect$ to #ahg victors m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 #ef1 or ne>ly "o-?ird1 7 erect$ to m5 & boy box]s = #fc victories4 ,greek box+#afga is conv5i5tly divid$ into two p]iods by ! k9d ( glove us$ 9 ! mat*es4 ,f ,hom] d[n to ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 s(t gloves 71 or 7 7 us$2 f !n to late ,roman days ! heavy gloves 7 or 7 7 ! fa%ion4 ,! weight$ ,roman ce/us 0 n us$ 9 ! ,greek conte/4 ,be=e discuss+ repres5tations ( box]s 9 art1 we %all devote a few words to ^! two k9ds ( box+-gloves1 :i* frequ5tly give u ! date ( a giv5 monum5t4#afgb ,! ,cretans are ?\ght to h worn box+-gloves1 z !y seem to be visible on ! s-call$ ,box] ,vase f ,hagia ,triada 7,fig4 #a74 ,"h1 on ! top & l[] two r[s1 a lea!r gauntlet appe>s to cov] ! arm to beyond ! elb[1 be+ padd$ ov] ! fi/ & conf9$ at ! wri/ by a /rap4 ,mosso d]ives ! lat] ,greek glove1 :i* appe>s on a?lete /atues1 f ?is primitive ?ong4#afgc ,9 any case ! antiquity ( ! glove 9 ,greece is atte/$ by its orig9 be+ ascrib$ to ! my? ( ,amykos1 k+ ( ! ,bebrykes4#afgd ,gloves 7 already kn[n to ,hom]1 :o speaks ( 8well-cut ?ongs ( ox-hide40#afge ,!y are n m5tion$ 9 any detail be=e ! "t ( ,pausanias & ,philo/ratos1 s t we are mo/ly dep5d5t = our k ( !m on ! monum5ts4 ,! simple/ =m consi/$ ( long1 ?9 ox-hide ?ongs1 :i* 7 w\nd r\nd ! h&s1 ! s(t gloves 7 or 7 ( lat] writ]s4#afgf ,!y 7 us$1 n to dead5 ! bl[1 b to increase its =ce4 ,vase-pa9t+s %[ t ! ?ongs 7 ab\t #aj or #ab feet long be=e be+ w\nd4#afgg ,on ! ext]ior ( a r4-f4 kylix f ,vulci by ,d\ris1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 %[+ *iefly box+ sc5es1 we see two y\?s /&+ be=e a paidotribes prep>+ to put on ! ?ongs 7,fig4 #ed74afgh ,"o ( !m is hold+ ! unw\nd ?ong 9 8 out/ret*$ h&s4 ,a simil> figure appe>s on ! r4-f4 vase 9 ,philadelphia already discuss$ 7,fig4 #ej;b71 :i* repres5ts a pal/ra sc5e4#afgi ,?is sc5e has be5 wrongly int]pret$ z an illu/ration ( ! game ( describ$ by ,pollux#afhj z a sort ( tug-(-w>1 ! unw\nd ?ong be+ expla9$ z ! rope us$ 9 ?is game1#afha & ! hurl+-/icks /uck 9 ! gr\nd at ei!r end z goals in/ead ( akontia4 ,a w\nd ?ong is se5 hang+ on ! wall to ! left4 ,philo/ratos describes h[ ! box+ ?ongs 7 put on1#afhb & vase-pa9t+s illu/rate ! me?od4#afhc ,! be/ example ( ! ?ongs on /atu>y is af=d$ by ! bronze arm f\nd 9 ! sea (f ,antiky!ra 7,c]igotto7 7,fig4 #eb71 :i* ,svoronos#afhd believes to be a remnant ( ! /atue ( ! ,nemean victor ,kreugas ( ,epidamnos1 :i* /ood 9 ! temple ( ,apollo ,lykios 9 ,argos4#afhe ,pausanias says t ,kreugas 0 cr[n$ not)/&+ t he 0 kill$ by 8 adv]s>y ,damox5os1 & 8 description ( ! s(t glove corresponds s closely ) ! "o on ! recov]$ arm t x seems z if x _h be5 writt5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! /atue3 8,9 ^? days box]s did n yet we> ! %>p ?ong 7 7 on ea* wri/1 b box$ ) ! s(t /raps 771 :i* !y fa/5$ "u ! holl[ ( ! h& 9 ord] t ! f+]s might be left b>e2 ^! s(t /raps 7 ?9 ?ongs 7 7 ( raw c[hide1 plait$ toge!r 9 an anci5t fa%ion40#afhf ,! /rap all[$ ! ends ( ! f+]s to project1 & 0 held toge!r by a cord w\nd ar\nd ! =e>m1 j z ,philo/ratos says4 ,^! 7 us$ at ! great games ?r\gh ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & 7 cont9u$ 9 ! pal/ra 9 ! f\r?4 ,e>ly 9 ! latt] c5tury ! m5tion$ by ,plato#afhg & o!r writ]s appe>$4 ,we see !m on ,pana!naic vases ( t c5tury & on ,etruscan ci/ ( ! foll[+ "o4#afhh ,ab\t ! same "t ! regul> came 91#afhi b ! old or some?+ simil> 7 /ill us$ 9 ! ex]cises ( ! pal/ra4#afij ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--;,bronze ,arm ( ,/atue ( a ,box]1 f\nd 9 ! ,sea (f ,antiky!ra4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,=e>m ) ,glove4 ,f ! ,/atue ( ! ,seat$ ,box] 7,pl4 #af74 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome4 ,our be/ illu/ration ( ^! m =midable gloves on /atu>y is ! gauntlet cle>ly repres5t$ on ! =e>ms ( ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ! ,museo delle ,t]me 7,fig4 #ec74 ,"h a close-fitt+ glove cov]s ea* =e>m1 leav+ ! upp] jo9ts ( ! f+]s free & ! palm op54 ,x ext5ds to above ! wri/ & ends 9 a rim ( fur4 ,ov] x are drawn ?ree ?ick b&s ( lea!r1 :i* cov] ! fir/ jo9ts ( ! f+]s & are fa/5$ toge!r on ! outside ( ! h&s ) metal clasps4 ,a s(t pad keeps ^! b&s f *af+ ! f+]s4 ,!y are kept 9 place & ! wri/s are /r5g!n$ by two n>r[ /raps :i* are int]lac$ sev]al times ar\nd h& & wri/4 ,simil> gloves appe> on ! ,sorr5to box] 9 ,naples 7,fig4 #eg71afia on ! bronze =e>m ( a /atue f ,h]culaneum 9 ,naples1#afib on a left fi/ f\nd 9 #ahhg 9 ! ar5a at ,v]ona1#afic & on _m o!r /atues & fragm5ts4 ,! la/ repres5tation 9 art ( ?is sort ( glove appe>s on ! ,roman relief 9 ! ,lat]an1 :i* dates f ! "t ( ,trajan1 & repres5ts a fight betwe5 two pugili/s4#afid ,! metal ce/us 0 a ,roman inv5tion4 ,none ( ! late ,greek writ]s--nei!r ,plut>*1 nor ,pausanias1 nor ,philo/ratos--makes any m5tion ( ?is load$ glove4 ,! 8%>p ?ongs0 7 en\gh to cause all ! injuries m5tion$ by ! writ]s ( ! ,greek ,an?ology4#afie ,! ce/us1 p]haps us$ 9 ! lat] gladiatorial %[s 9 ,greece1 b nev] 9 ! great games !re1 gave ! dea? bl[ to real box+4 ,virgil describes x & ! vici\s results ( its use4#afif ,!re are few] repres5tations ( box+ mat*es on vases ?an ( almo/ any o!r ,greek sport1 despite its great popul>ity4 ,g>d9] has collect$ a numb] ( vase-pa9t+s dat+ f ! six? to ! f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 :i* illu/rate ! diff]5t positions assum$ by box]s 9 action--attack1 slipp+1 duck+1 & leg & arm movem5ts4 ,we reproduce two f r4-f4 kylikes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 "o by ,d\ris 7,fig4 #ed7afig we h1 besides ! gr\p already m5tion$ ( two a?letes prep>+ to put on ?ongs1 ?ree pairs ( box]s engag$ 9 a b\t4 ,9 two gr\ps "o ( ! conte/ants is se5 f beh9d2 9 all ?ree ! box]s ext5d _! left arms = gu>d+ & draw ! "r back = hitt+--! fi/s be+ level ) ! %\ld]s4 ,9 "o gr\p we see ! beg9n+ ( ! fight1 9 ! o!r two ! middle1 p]haps1 & ! end ( x1 respectively4 ,9 ! la/ sc5e "o conte/ant has fall5 to ! gr\nd on 8 knee1 & 8 conqu]or has swung 8 "r h& f> back = a f9al bl[1 only to be /opp$ by ! o!r1 :o raises 8 f+] 9 tok5 ( defeat4 ,on ! o!r vase we see1 besides a sc5e f ! pankration1 two pairs ( box]s sp>r+ 7,fig4 #ee74afih ,"h 9 "o gr\p ! conte/ants d n h _! fi/s d\bl$1 b keep _! f+]s op5$4 ,on an ,attic b4-f4 ,pana!naic panel-amphora 9 ! ,univ]sity ,museum 9 ,philadelphia 7,fig4 #ef71afii we see be>d$ box]s sp>r+1 :ile a box] ) ?ongs 9 8 "r h& /&s to ! "r1 & a tra9] ) 8 rod at ! left4 ,/atues ( victori\s box]s at ,olympia 7 repres5t$ ei!r 9 motion1 i4 e41 probably 9 ! position ( sp>r+1 or 9 repose1 l t ( ! boy box] ,kyniskos by ! eld] ,polykleitos discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,! same foot position visible on ! ,kyniskos base#agjj occurs on two o!r ,olympia bases1 :i*1 !re=e1 mu/ h support$ ,polykleitan /atues repres5t$ 9 repose4 ,"o ( ^!1 9 ! =m ( an a/ragalos1 w be discuss$ fur!r on 9 our treatm5t ( pancratia/ /atues2 ! o!r support$ ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,hellanikos ( ,lepreon1 :o won a victory 9 ,ol4 #hi 7 #dbd ,b4 ,c474#agja ,9 ?is case ! /atue 0 also life-size1 ! left foot 0 firmly plac$1 & ! "r 0 set back re/+ on ! ball1 ! /ride be+ a little long] ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,kyniskos4 ,?ree o!r ,olympia bases support$ /atues ( box]s repres5t$ 9 repose1 ^? ( ! boy ,tellon f ! ,arkadian t[n ,ore/hasion1#agjb ( ! ,epidaurian ,ari/ion by ! eld] ,polykleitos1#agjc & ( ! ,rhodian ,eukles by ,naukydes ( ! ,polykleitan circle4#agjd ,furtwa5gl] believ$ t a numb] ( exi/+ /atues ( ! ,h]mes type reproduc$ ! /atue ( ,ari/ion1 because ( a simil> foot position4 ,among !m ! ,p5telic m>ble "o 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london1 is ! be/ pres]v$1 & mo/ fai?fully reproduces ! ,polykleitan /yle4#agje ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,box+ ,sc5es4 ,f a r4-f4 ,kylix by ,d\ris4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--;,box+ & ,pankration ,sc5es4 ,f a r4-f4 ,kylix4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,box+ ,sc5e4 ,f a b4-f4 ,pana!naic ,panel-,amphora4 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,museum1 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--,/atue ( a ,box]1 f ,sorr5to4 ,by ,koblanos ( ,aphrodisias4 ,museum ( ,naples4 ,we may inf] h[ a ,polykleitan /atue ( a box] at re/ look$1 f ! ,roman copy ( "o 9 ,kassel4#agjf ,"h a y\? j out ( boyhood is repres5t$ z /&+ ) ! weight ( ! body re/+ ^u ! "r leg & ! head turn$ to ! "r4 ,! =e>ms are cov]$ ) gloves1 ! "r fi/ be+ rais$ = attack & ! left = def5se4 ,ano!r m>ble /atue1 repres5t+ a box] 9 repose1 0 f\nd 9 a fragm5t>y condition 9 ,sorr5to 9 #ahhh1 & is n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,naples 7,fig4 #eg74agjg ,x is inscrib$ z ! "w ( ,koblanos ( ,aphrodisias 9 ,k>ia1 :om we "k z a copyi/ ( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d41 & :o 0 active 9 reproduc+ ,greek works = ! ,roman m>ket4#agjh ,! body =ms are too badly injur$ = u accurately to date ! orig9al f :i* ?is copy 0 made1 b ! head gives u ! clue1 z its /yle appe>s to be a connect+ l9k betwe5 t ( ! seat$ /atue ( ,h]akles1 9 ! ,palazzo ,altemps 9 ,rome#agji & ! ,muni* ,oil-p\r] 7,pl4 #aa71agaj z x %[s aff9ity to bo?4 ,?\gh ,sogliano ref]r$ x to ! s*ool ( ,lysippos & ,jue?n] to ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 x %[s indubitable ,myronian *>act]i/ics & may h be5 ! "w ( ,myron's pupil ,lykios1 :o is kn[n to u z an a?lete sculptor4#agaa ,9 ?is /atue ! y\? is re/+ 8 weight on 8 "r leg1 ! left1 ) full sole on ! gr\nd1 be+ turn$ to "o side4 ,! left =e>m is ext5d$ outw>ds & to ! side1 ! head lean+ t[>d ! "r leg--9 o!r words1 ! a?lete is repres5t$ 9 an attitude simil> to t ( ! ,idol9o 7,pl4 #ad74 ,z !re is an olive cr[n 9 ! hair1 x seems reasonable to conclude t ! orig9al /atue 0 t ( an ,olympic victor4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 if n e>li]1 box]s 7 repres5t$ 9 viol5t motion1 z we saw 9 ! case ( ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,glaukos1 by ! ,aeg9etan sculptor ,glaukias1#agab repres5t$ 9 ! act ( sp>r+ 774 ,:e!r he 0 repres5t$ z fac+ an imag9>y antagoni/ or z m]ely pun*+ a bag we c n say1 ?\gh ! latt] seems ! m probable4 ,! motive is depict$ 9 _m art works1 notably 9 ! figure ( a y\? pun*+ a bag :i* hangs f a tree on ! ,ficoroni ci/a 9 ! ,museo ,kir*]iano1 ,rome1#agac & 9 t ( ano!r repres5t$ on ! s-call$ ,pet] ci/a 9 ! ,museo ,gregoriano ,etrusco ( ! ,vatican1 ^: engrav$ sc5es %[ ex]cises ( ! pal/ra4#agad ,! same motive is se5 also 9 a /atuette 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti ( ! ,vatican1 :i* is prov$ to be t ( a boy box] by ! glove on ! "r h&4#agae ,"h ! boy is repres5t$ ) ! "r foot f> advanc$ & ris+ on ! toes ( bo? feet1 ! "r %\ld] be+ drawn back1 ! "r =e>m rais$1 & ! left ext5d$ =w>ds4 ,! m>ble torso ( a copy ( ! same orig9al on a l>ge scale is 9 ,b]l94#agaf ,:ile ,amelung believes t ! orig9al ( bo? /atuette & torso 0 a bronze ( ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,furtwa5gl] ?\ght t ! torso w5t back to ! sev]e /yle ( ! fif? c5tury1 & t ?is orig9al once /ood 9 ,olympia1 :]e x might h s]v$ z ! inspiration = a c>elessly work$ bronze /atuette ( a box] f\nd !re1 :i* repeats ! motive ( ! torso & simil>ly belongs to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7,fig4 #b74agag ,! ,olympia /atuette also has ! "r foot advanc$1 ! upp] "p ( ! body leans backw>d1 & ! left arm ) op5 palm is out/ret*$ = def5se1 :ile ! "r ) ball$ fi/ is held up ready to /rike4 ,x c]ta9ly is a votive (f]+ ( an ,olympic victor--d\btless "o ( ! small r$uctions1 :i* 7 n uncommonly erect$ = economy's sake4#agah ,:e!r ! ,aeg9etan ,glaukias also made victor /atues 9 repose is d\btful4 ,wald/e91 on insuffici5t gr\nds1 has argu$ t ! s-call$ ,/rang=d ,apollo 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ad7agai is a copy ( ! /atue at ,olympia ( ! fam\s ,?asian box] & pancratia/ ,!ag5es by ,glaukias4 ,its close obs]vation ( nature f9ds its analogy 9 ! /atues ( ! ,aeg9etan p$im5t gr\ps 7see ,figs4 #bj1 #ba74 ,! /atue ( ! boy box] ,a!naios ( ,ephesos1 by an unkn[n sculptor1 0 repres5t$ z lung+ at 8 adv]s>y1 z we see f ! footm>ks on ! recov]$ base4 ,! left foot 0 advanc$ & turn$ outw>ds1 :ile ! "r "o t\*$ ! gr\nd only ) ! toes4#agbj ,simil>ly ! /atue ( ! box] ,damox5idas by ,nikodamos ( ,arkadia 0 repres5t$ z ab\t to /rike4 ,on its recov]$ base ! left foot /ood solidly ^u ! gr\nd1 :ile ! "r foot 0 drawn back & t\*$ ! gr\nd only ) ! toes--if we judge rightly f ! size ( ! miss+ "p ( ! /one4#agba ,! /atue ( ! ,ionian box] ,epi!rses by ,py?okritos ( ,rhodes seems to h _h b "o foot flat ^u ! gr\nd1 & consequ5tly mu/ h be5 repres5t$ 9 motion1 ?\gh we are n sure ( ! position ( ! o!r1 s9ce "o /one ( ! base is miss+4#agbb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--,/atue kn[n z ,pollux4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,! bronze plate f ! base ( ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,philippos1 an ,azanian ( ,pell5e1 0 f\nd at ,olympia & has be5 ref]r$ to ! end ( ! f\r? or beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4#agbc ,h[ev]1 s9ce ,pausanias says t ,myron made ! /atue1#agbd v>i\s attempts h be5 made to reconcile ! discrepancy 9 dates4 ,our own solution is t ! /atue se5 by ,pausanias did n repres5t ,philippos at all1 b "s e>li] unnam$ ,arkadian box]1 :o 0 contempor>y ) ,myron4#agbe ,ye>s lat] ! ,azanian boy ,philippos won a victory at ,olympia & atta*$ ! recov]$ epigram to ! old base1 9 :i* he implor$ ,zeus to let ! anci5t glory ( ,arkadia be reviv$ 9 him1 & also a new] "o 9 :i* he said t he _h re/or$ ! /atue ( ,myron4#agbf ,pausanias saw ! new] "o1 b omitt$ to m5tion ! old]1 :i* 0 probably illegible f wea!r+4 ,he !re=e ?\ght t ! orig9al ,myronian /atue us$ by ,philippos repres5t$ ! latt] victor4#agbg ,! words on ! affix$ plate beg9n+ ' 4 4 41 may ref] to ! position ( ! box] r ?an to a portrait ( ! victor4#agbh ,we h long ago haz>d$ ! sugge/ion#agbi t ! s-call$ ,pollux ( ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #eh71agcj ^: body =ms recall ! ,m>syas & ^: head recalls ! ,diskobolos1 may g back to ! /atue ( ! unnam$ ,arkadian by ,myron4#agca ,b ! unc]ta9ty :i* we h f\nd 9 a =m] section#agcb 9 assign+ ?is & k9dr$ works to ,myron or to ,py?agoras leaves x only a sugge/ion4 ,,pancratia/s4 ,! pankration 77#agcc 0 a comb9ation ( box+ & wre/l+1 9 :i* ! conte/ants f\ght ei!r /&+1 or prone on ! gr\nd4 ,:ile ! wre/l] m]ely tri$ to ?r[ 8 oppon5t 9 a s]ies ( b\ts1 ! pancratia/ cont9u$ ! fight on ! gr\nd until "o or ! o!r ackn[l$g$ defeat4 ,! etymology ( ! ^w %[s t x 0 a conte/ 9 :i* e p[] ( ! conte/ants 0 ex]t$ to ! utmo/4#agcd ,/rangl+1 pummel+1 kick+1 &1 9 fact1 ev]y?+ b bit+ & g\g+ 7 all[$4 ,bo? ,lucian#agce & ,philo/ratos#agcf speak ( ! prohibition aga9/ bit+ & g\g+1 :i* /atem5ts ,g>d9] ?9ks are quotations f ! rules gov]n+ ! conte/ at ,olympia1 z !y are twice quot$ by ,ari/ophanes4#agcg ,philo/ratos1 h[ev]1 says t ! ,sp>tans all[$ bo? bit+ & g\g+1 b t ! ,eleans all[$ only /rangl+4 ,a case ( g\g+ ! eye ( an oppon5t ) ! ?umb is se5 on ! r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 already m5tion$ 7,fig4 #ee74agch ,"h ! (ficial is ru%+ up ) 8 rod to puni% su* a brea* ( ! rules4 ,philo/ratos calls ! m5's pankration ! 8faire/0 ( conte/s at ,olympia1 probably 9 ref]5ce to ! impression made on ! spectators by ! v>i\s positions ( ! conte/ants1 :o _h to rely q z mu* on skill z on /r5g?4 ,p9d> wrote eight odes 9 praise ( ?is conte/4#agci ,h[ev]1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 c>efully regulat$ at ,olympia by rules1 x 0 a dang]\s sport-- 1 9 ! words ( ! prote/+ philosoph] ,x5ophanes4#agdj ,b x 0 nev] ! brutal sport :i* "s mod]n writ]s h pictur$ x4#agda ,plato1 to be sure1 kept x out ( 8 ideal ,/ate1#agdb n1 h[ev]1 because ( its brutality1 b m]ely because its di/9ctive feature1 ! /ruggle on ! gr\nd1 0 ( no s]vice 9 tra9+ a soldi]4 ,! ,greeks !mselves consid]$ ! box+ mat* f> m dang]\s4 ,inasmu* z gloves 7 n us$ 9 ! pankration1 ?is seems reasonable4#agdc ,we h 9 ! prec$+ section m5tion$ ! epi!ts appli$ to box+4 ,pausanias1 9 speak+ ( ! box+ mat* betwe5 ,!ag5es & ,eu?ymos1 says t ! =m] 0 too mu* we>i$ by t conte/ to ent] ! pankration1 & 0 9 consequ5ce compell$ to pay a tal5t to ! god & ano!r to ,eu?ymos4#agdd ,9 speak+ ( ano!r conte/1 betwe5 ,kapros & ,kleitoma*os1 he records t ! latt] told ! umpires t ! pankration %\ld be br\ght on be=e he _h receiv$ hurts f box+4#agde ,artemidoros /ates t no w\nds result$ f ! pankration4#agdf ,h[ev]1 dea? by /rangulation 0 (t5 ! result ( ! b\t4 ,?us ! pancratia/ ,arrha*ion 0 cr[n$ aft] he _h be5 ?rottl$ by 8 adv]s>y1 = j be=e expir+ he 0 able to put "o ( ! toes ( 8 oppon5t out ( jo9t & ! pa9 caus$ ! latt] to let g 8 grip4#agdg ,pausanias tells also h[ ! box] ,kreugas 0 sla9 by ,damox5os 9 ! pankration at ,nemea1 b adds t ! body ( ! =m] 0 proclaim$ victor4#agdh ,! pankration 0 n kn[n to ,hom]1 ?\gh lat] writ]s ascrib$ its inv5tion ei!r to ,!seus or ,h]akles1 ! typical my?ical examples ( skill z oppos$ to brute =ce4#agdi ,x 0 introduc$ at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #cc 7 #fdh ,b4 ,c471#agej long aft] ! sep>ate ev5ts1 wre/l+ & box+1 _h appe>$ !re4 ,! boys' conte/ 0 in/itut$ at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #ade 7 #bjj ,b4 ,c471#agea ?\gh x _h appe>$ else:]e mu* e>li]4#ageb ,x mu/ h be5 a popul> sport at ,olympia1 s9ce ,pausanias records /atues erect$ to tw5ty victors = ?irty victories 9 ?is conte/4 ,vase-pa9t+s#agec %[ _m grips & ?r[s ( ! pankration--! fly+ m>e1 leg hold1#aged tilt+ backw>ds by hold+ ! antagoni/'s foot1 8*anc]y0 7i4 e4 cat*+ ! adv]s>y ar\nd ! neck ) "o arm & hitt+ 8 face ) ! o!r fi/71 /oma* ?r[ 7i4 e41 seiz+ ! adv]s>y by ! arms or %\ld]s & at ! same "t plant+ "o's foot 9 ! o!r's /oma*1 & !n ?r[+ him ov] "o's head71#agee jump+ on ! back ( "o's oppon5t1#agef /rangl+1 wre/l+ & box+ comb9$1 & kick+ & box+ comb9$4 ,gr\nd wre/l+ is v commonly depict$ on vases & especially on gems1 s9ce su* gr\ps 7 adapt$ to oblong or oval spaces4#ageg ,we reproduce a pancratia/ sc5e f a ,pana!naic amphora ( ,kittos1 dat+ f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #ei74ageh ,?is is a conv5tional repres5tation ( wre/l+ & box+ comb9$4 ,! pancratia/ at ! "r ( ! gr\p has ru%$ 9 ) 8 head d[n & has be5 caught ar\nd ! neck by 8 adv]s>y's arm1 a hopeless position1 f :i* he c n escape4 ,! latt] is ei!r ab\t to complete ! neck hold 7if x be an actual case ( 8*anc]y071 or p]haps to hit him ) 8 "r h&4 ,a ?ird pancratia/ is look+ on f ! extreme "r1 :ile a paidotribes1 swit* 9 h&1 appe>s at ! left4 ,! fight on ! gr\nd is well depict$ on ! r4-f4 kylix ( ! ,briti% ,museum already discuss$ z %[+ box+ sc5es 7,fig4 #ee74agei ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--,pankration ,sc5e4 ,f a ,pana!naic ,amphora by ,kittos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,we h b few repres5tations ( pancratia/s 9 sculpture4 ,! prelim9>y sp>r+--kn[n z #agfj--mu/ h *>act]iz$ ! /atue ( ! ,sikyonian pancratia/ ,so/ratos at ,olympia by an unkn[n sculptor1 s9ce ,pausanias says t ?is victor 0 kn[n z 1 expla9+ ! epi!t z t ( "o :o ga9$ 8 victories by seiz+ & b5d+ 8 adv]s>ies' f+]s1 hold+ !m fa/ till he yield$4#agfa ,s9ce a ,delphian inscrib$ base#agfb gives ! same numb] ( victories z ,pausanias1 we inf] t !y 7 giv5 also on ! ,olympia base1 ! s\rce ( ,pausanias' in=mation4 ,s9ce no?+ is said1 h[ev]1 ( ,so/ratos' mode ( fight+ 9 ! ,delphi inscription1 ,pausanias mu/ h argu$ x f ! pose ( ! /atue4 ,! ,sicilian wre/l] ,leontiskos ( a c5tury e>li]1 ^: /atue 0 by ,py?agoras1 _h1 accord+ to ,pausanias1 us$ simil> tactics1 = 8he vanqui%$ 8 adv]s>ies by b5d+ back _! f+]s40#agfc ,^! cases %[ t /atues ( pancratia/s & wre/l]s 7 frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 vigor\s lung+ attitudes z well z 9 gr\ps4 ,! epigram on ! base ( ! monum5t ( ! pancratia/ ,teisikrates at ,delphi %[s t ! /atue 0 repres5t$ 9 a simil> way4#agfd ,! same lung+ attitude is also %[n on ! ,halim\s grave-relief4#agfe ,sometimes ! conte/ end$ ) ! prelim9>y sp>r+1 ?\gh usually x develop$ into wre/l+ & box+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--;,bronze ,/atuette ( a ,pancratia/ 7871 f ,autun1 ,france4 ,l\vre1 ,p>is4 ,a good repres5tation ( a pancratia/ try+ to kick 8 antagoni/ seems to be furni%$ by ! small bronze /atuette f ,autun1 ,s\? ,france1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #fj74agff ,?is /atuette is ( m$iocre workman%ip1 its h>d muscles1 imp]fect proportions1 & realism %[+ t x comes f ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod ( ,greek art4 ,x repres5ts a be>d$ a?lete1 :o holds 8 h&s ready to /rike & 8 left foot rais$ app>5tly to kick 8 adv]s>y's leg4 ,! foot is j ready to return to its orig9al position1 s t ! motive ( ?is poor little /atuette discloses a transi5t p]iod ( "t betwe5 two movem5ts1 j z ! ,diskobolos & ,m>syas ( ,myron did4 ,we h already not$#agfg t on ! head is a cap ) a r+ 9 ! top1 by :i* x c\ld be susp5d$ z a decorative piece1 or p]haps z "p ( a /eely>d4 ,haus] believes t ?is motive 0 kn[n to ! eld] ,polykleitos & t ?is is ! int]pretation ( t sculptor's /atue ( a nudus talo incess5s m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 a /atue :i* has =m$ ! basis = mu* discussion among ar*ologi/s4#agfh ,! ,pl9ian passage1 !re=e1 is to be translat$ z 8! nude man attack+ ) 8 heel 7talo70--9 o!r words1 x describes a /atue repres5t$ z kick+1 :i* 0 all[able 9 ! pankration4 ,! manuscripts ( ,pl9y all read talo1 :i* ,b5ndorf#agfi ?\ght c\ld be reta9$ only by assum+ t ! naturali/ mi/ranslat$ 8 ,greek s\rce 1 translat+ ! ^w 8/&+ ^u10 z incess5s 8pursu+40 ,he !re=e assum$ t ,polykleitos' /atue /ood ^u an a/ragalos 7talus7 basis1 :i* he believ$ 0 ! =]unn] ( ! /atue ( ,opportunity 77 by ,lysippos1#aggj & he ref]r$ x to ! knuckle-bone basis f\nd at ,olympia4#agga ,woelffl91#aggb h[ev]1 has %[n t talo incess5s c only mean 8mit e9em ,kno*el na* ,jem& e9w]f540 ,foll[+ ?is1 ,furtwa5gl] %[$#aggc h[ impossible on grammatical & o!r gr\nds x 0 to read talo 9 ,b5ndorf's s5se1 s9ce ! passage !n w\ld mean 8advanc+ t[>ds0 or 8pursu+10 by means ( a knuckle-bone1 :i* is manife/ly nons5se4 ,! ^w c\ld be only in/rum5tal 9 use1 z ,woeffl9 said1 i4 e41 ! weapon by means ( :i* ! man 0 attack+4 ,furtwa5gl]1 !re=e1 foll[$ ,b5ndorf's e>li] alt]native read+ telo1 assum+ t ,pl9y mi/ak5ly wrote talo because he 0 influ5c$ by ! pres5ce ( ! same ^w 9 ! passage imm$iately foll[+3 duosque pu]os item nudos talis lud5tes qui vocantur a/ragalizontes4#aggd ,b ,haus]'s int]pretation ( talo meets all ! conditions bett]1 s9ce x keeps ! manuscript read+s1 makes grammatical ,lat91 & seems to be illu/rat$ by ! /atuette 9 "q4 ,sometimes ! /atues ( ,olympic pancratia/s 7 repres5t$ at re/ ) ! weight ( ! body equally on bo? legs1 z we see f ! recov]$ basis ( ! /atue ( ! ,a!nian ,kallias by ! ,a!nian sculptor ,mikon4#agge ,furtwa5gl] has id5tifi$ a /atue 9 ! ,somze ,collection z a copy ( ?is "w4#aggf ,! footpr9ts on ! recov]$ base ( ! /atue ( ! ,rhodian ,dorieus %[ t x 0 repres5t$ at re/ ) "o leg slightly advanc$4#aggg ,we h actual remnants ( /atues ( ,olympic pancratia/s 9 ! m>ble head f\nd at ,olympia1 :i* we are to assign to ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian ,phil&ridas by ,lysippos1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi71aggh & ! beautiful /atue ( ,agias discov]$ by ! ,fr5* at ,delphi 9 #ahid1 a "w by ! same sculptor 7,pl4 #bh & ,fig4 #fh74aggi ,! /ruggle on ! gr\nd implies gr\ps & n s+le /atues4 ,our be/ repres5tation ( su* a gr\p is furni%$ by ! fam\s m>ble "o 9 ! ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce 7,pl4 #be74aghj ,?\gh hav+ no pret5sions to be a victor monum5t1 ?is gr\p is ! mo/ important monum5t extant connect$ ) ! pankration1 a f9e anatomical /udy f ,hell5i/ic times1 ev9c+ ! direct influ5ce ( ,lysippos 9 its proportions4#agha ,x %[s aff9ity ( design to c]ta9 sculptures f ! frieze ( ! ,great ,alt> at ,p]gamon4#aghb ,pl9y speaks ( a symplegma by ,kephisodotos1 ! son ( ,praxiteles1 at ,p]gamon1 b t gr\p 0 ( an erotic "* & c n h _h any?+ to d ) ! ,flor5t9e "o4#aghc ,un=tunately ! gr\p 9 "q has be5 mu* re/or$1 ?\gh ! re/oration 9 ! ma9 is "r4 ,! heads1 ?\gh probably antique1 d n seem to belong to ! /atues1 b bo? appe> to be copies ( ! head ( "o ( ! ,niobids1 ) :i* gr\p ! pancratia/s 7 discov]$ 9 #aehc4 ,! "r arm ( ! upp]mo/ a?lete seems to h be5 wrongly re/or$2 9 any case ?is a?lete is n /rangl+ 8 oppon5t4 ,"o y\? has ?r[n ! o!r d[n on to 8 knee1 & 8 left leg is int]tw9$ ) ! left leg ( ! o!r1 & he is draw+ back 8 arm to aim a bl[4 ,! wre/l] und]nea? supports himself ^u 8 left arm1 & ! int5tion ( 8 oppon5t is to de/roy ?is support by a bl[ ( ! fi/1 :i* w\ld br+ ! conte/ to a sudd5 conclusion1 s9ce ! "r arm ( ! "u y\? is fa/ & he mu/ def5d himself ) ! left4 ,z ,g>d9] po9ts out1 su* a situation is illu/rat$ by ,heliodoros' description ( ! mat* betwe5 ,!ag5es & an ,ae?iopian *ampion4#aghd ,! "u man's position1 h[ev]1 may sudd5ly *ange & ! issue yet be 9 8 favor4 ,_m writ]s h expla9$ ! gr\p z ord9>y wre/l]s1#aghe b ,g>d9] has conclusively %[n t x belongs to ! pankration1 s9ce 9 wre/l+ ! conte/ is end$ :5 "o ( ! conte/ants has be5 ?r[n1 :ile "h ! /ruggle is cont9u+ on ! gr\nd4#aghf ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #be ,m>ble ,gr\p ( ,pancratia/s4 ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,kapros ( ,elis 0 ! fir/ ( sev5 ,olympic victors to emulate ! fabl$ feat ( ,h]akles by w9n+ ! pankration & wre/l+ mat*es on ! same day--t is1 he 0 ! fir/ pr(essional /rong man4#aghg ,! o!r six all came f ! ,ea/4 ,x has be5 sugge/$#aghh t ! colossal ,f>nese ,h]akles f\nd 9 ,rome 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla 9 #aedj & n[ 9 ,naples1 inscrib$ z ! "w ( ! ,a!nian ,glykon1 :i* repres5ts ! h]o lean+ we>ily on 8 club aga9/ a rock1#aghi may repres5t ! type ( ^! pr(essional /rong m51 :o call$ !mselves ! successors ( ,h]akles4 ,b su* a sugge/ion is z unf\nd$ z ! "o already exam9$1 :i* id5tifies ! orig9al ( ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ! ,museo delle ,t]me 7,pl4 #af & ,fig4 #bg7 ) ,kleitoma*os ( ,!bes1 ! r$\btable oppon5t ( ,kapros1 s9ce ! dates 9 bo? cases are aga9/ su* id5tifications4 ,! ,f>nese /atue & o!r replicas ( ! same orig9al#agij obvi\sly rev]t to a ,lysippan orig9al1 ?\gh !y are consid]ably metamorphos$ by ! ta/e ( a lat] age4 ,su* big swoll5 muscles at fir/ sight appe> to be ali5 to ! sculptor ( ! graceful ,agias1 b t ! ,naples copy by ,glykon--:o1 f ! inscription on ! base1 mu/ be ref]r$ to ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4#agia--really repres5ts ! "w ( ,lysippos seems well e/abli%$ by ! fact t a small] copy1 ?\gh /ill ov] life-size1 ( poor] workman%ip1 9 ! ,pitti ,gall]y 9 ,flor5ce1 is inscrib$ z 4#agib ,?is type ( we>y h]o appe>s 9 ! ,telephos gr\p on ! small ,p]gam5e frieze1 b is ev5 e>li]1 s9ce ! latt] seems to h be5 borr[$ f a /atue :i* is reproduc$ on a co9 ( ,alex&]1 :i* 0 /ruck at lea/ z e>ly z #cjj ,b4 ,c4#agic ,! type ( ,h]akles we>i$ by 8 sup]human labors 0 inaugurat$ /ill e>li] by ,lysippos1 :o 0 fond ( repres5t+ ! h]o 9 _m poses1 seat$ & /&+1 re/+ & labor+4 ,we might m5tion 8 colossal bronze /atue ( ,h]akles1 :i* 0 set up 9 ,t>5tum & !n c>ri$ to ,rome & plac$ on ! ,capitol by ,q4 ,fabius ,maximus1 :5 ,t>5tum 0 captur$ 9 #bji ,b4 ,c41 & 0 lat] transf]r$ to ! ,hippodrome at ,con/ant9ople1 :]e x rema9$ until ! sack ( t city by ! ,franks 9 #abjd4agid ,x is haz>d\s1 !re=e1 to reject ! evid5ce1 & x w be be/ to see 9 ! orig9al a g5u9e ,lysippan "w1 z d ,bulle1 ,ov]beck1 von ,ma*1 ,s*naase1#agie & o!rs1 & s to make ,glykon responsible only = ! exagg]ations ( 8 own copy4 ,?us we h to face ! fact ( div]g5t /yles 9 ! great bronze f\nd] ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ev5 if we admit ) ,ri*>dson t 8= our peace ( m9d ?is /atue might well h be5 sunk 9 ! sea40#agif ,illu/ration3 ,a ,b ,,fig4 #fa4--;,bronze ,head ( ,box] 7871 f ,olympia4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,long ago1 ,i ref]r$ ! life-size bronze portrait-l head ( a box] or pancratia/ f\nd at ,olympia1 n[ 9 ! ,a!ns ,museum 7,figs4 #fa;,a & ,b71#agig to "o ( two /atues ( ! pancratia/ ,kapros m5tion$ by ,pausanias4#agih ,! remnant ( a wild-olive cr[n 9 ! hair proves t x comes f ! /atue ( an ,olympic victor4 ,its bruis$ appe>ance may1 h[ev]1 betok5 ! puni%m5t adm9i/]$ by ! gloves ( a box] r ?an by ! b>e fi/s ( a pancratia/4 ,t ,greek sculpture 0 n always ideal we h se5 f ! description ( ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ! ,museo delle ,t]me 7,pl4 #af & ,fig4 #bg74 ,?is peculi>ly life-l head is ano!r example ( ! same realism2 x w\ld be h>d to "n a m brutal & repell5t piece f ! :ole range ( ,greek sculpture4 ,! pr(ession ( ?is bruis] is evid5t 9 e feature1 = ! sculptor has betray$ x by ! swoll5 e>s1 flat nose1 ?ick neck1 swoll5 *eeks1 project+ "u lip1 fr[n+ br[s1 & unkempt hair & be>d4 ,all ^! traits--especially ! treatm5t ( ! eyes--give to x ! sull5 gloomy look s *>act]i/ic ( box]s & pancratia/s4#agii ,! man appe>s to be await+ ! attack1 8 contract$ br[s %[+ al]t expectation1 & 8 clos$ lips great det]m9ation4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bulle1 ,flas*1 & o!rs h dat$ x 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & are fa9 to see 9 x ! "w ( an arti/ ( ! imm$iate circle ( ,lysippos or ,lysi/ratos2#ahjj b its exagg]at$ realism seems r to po9t to a lat] p]iod1 n e>li] ?an ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4#ahja ,! bronze foot ( a victor /atue also f\nd at ,olympia 7,fig4 #fb7ahjb has be5 assign$ by ,furtwa5gl] to "o ( ! /atues ( ,kapros1 an ascription :i* we also h foll[$4#ahjc ,! position ( ?is foot %[s--z an exp]im5t ) a liv+ model has disclos$--great movem5t1 :i* makes x obvi\s t x comes f a /atue 9 lively motion1 probably ( a box] or pancratia/4 ,x belongs to ! /atue ( a /rong man ( co>se build2 !re is n ! slighte/ trace ( unnecess>y fle% on x1 b ! :ole is vigor\s muscle1 ev5 ! swoll5 ve9s be+ cle>ly visible 9 ! photograph4 ,:ile ,furtwa5gl] f9ds its /yli/ic p>allels 9 ! copies ( ! ,p]gam5e works ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 e4 g41 ! ,dy+ ,gaul /atues1 ! mat]ial & =m ( ! base fitt+ t p]iod1 ,wolt]s emphasizes its /yli/ic analogy to ! bronze head j discuss$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--;,bronze ,foot ( a ,victor ,/atue1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,! monum5ts :i* repres5t eque/rian victors w be left = ano!r *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,monum5ts ,,( ,,hippodrome ,,& ,,musical ,,victors4 ,,plates #bf-bg ,,& ,,figures #fc-fg4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h consid]$ ! monum5ts ( victors 9 v>i\s gymnic conte/s1 9 :i* ! victor won by 8 own /r5g? & skill4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we %all be conc]n$ *iefly ) ! monum5ts set up by victors at ,olympia 9 *>iot- & horse-races1 9 :i* ! victory did n dep5d ^u ! a?letic pr[ess ( ! victor1 b ^u ! skill ( 8 *>iote] or jockey & ! endurance ( 8 horses4#ahjd ,?\gh su* ev5ts 7 n 9 ! /rict s5se a "p ( ,greek a?letics1 !y =m$ a v important feature ( ! fe/ival at ,olympia z else:]e4#ahje ,inde$ ! f\r-horse *>iot-race 0 ! mo/ spectacul> & brilliant ev5t at ,olympia4 ,*>iot-races1 & to a less ext5t horse-races1 7 ! sport only ( ! ri*--k+s1 pr9ces1 & nobles4#ahjf ,?us victories 7 won 9 ^! ev5ts at ,olympia 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 by ,hi]o & ,gelo1 k+s ( ,syracuse1 & ,arkesilas ,,iv ( ,kyr5e2 9 ! f\r?1 by ,philip ,,ii ( ,mac$onia1 & 9 ,roman days by ,tib]ius1 ,g]manicus1 ,n]o1 & _m o!rs4 ,alkibiades 9 ,ol4 #ia 7 #daf ,b4 ,c471 i4 e41 9 ! mid/ ( ! great ,peloponnesian w>1 ent]$ sev5 *>iots at ,olympia & won ?ree prizes4#ahjg ,sometimes a city ent]$ a *>iot or horse4 ,?us 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c47 ! public *>iot ( ,argos1 & 9 ,ol4 #ge 7 #dhj ,b4 ,c47 ! public horse ( ! same city1 won at ,olympia4#ahjh ,su* entries %[ n only ! exp5se att5d+ ^! conte/s1 b also _! importance 9 ! eyes ( ! ,greeks4 ,hippodromes1 *>iot-races1 & horse-races 7 v common 9 ,greece4 ,a votive inscription 9 ! museum at ,sp>ta1 dat+ f ne> ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 enum]ates sixty victories by ,damonon & 8 son ,enymakratidas 9 bo? *>iot- & horse-races at eight diff]5t meets 9 or ne> ,lakonia1 & ,damonon 0 m]ely a local victor1 unkn[n at ,olympia4#ahji ,greeks ( ,sicily & ,magna ,grcia 7 especially fond ( su* conte/s1 z we see ^! con/antly repres5t$ on co9s ( diff]5t cities !re f ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 on4#ahaj ,h[ev]1 only a few ( ! sites ( ^! _m hippodromes are n[ kn[n1 & only "o c be positively id5tifi$1 t m5tion$ by ,pausanias on ,m\nt ,lykaios 9 ,arkadia4#ahaa ,! o!rs are kn[n f lit]>y s\rces4#ahab ,! "o at ,olympia 0 de/roy$ 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies by ! floods ( ! ,alpheios1 & its exact location c n be det]m9$1 ?\gh we "k 9 g5]al t x lay some:]e s\!a/ ( ! ,altis1 betwe5 ! riv] & ! ,/adion1 & surmise t x ran some:at p>allel to ! latt]4#ahac ,its measurem5ts1 h[ev]1 are kn[n to u f a ,greek metrological p>*m5t manuscript 9 ! old ,s]aglio1 ,con/ant9ople1 :i* dates f ! elev5? c5tury ,a4 ,d4#ahad ,accord+ to x ! l5g? ( ! c\rse1 i4 e41 f ! />t+-po9t to turn+-po/ & return1 0 ab\t #h /ades 7#aech met]s1 #af c5timet]s7 or ne>ly #a mile4 ,"o ( ! two sides--:i* ,pausanias says 7 ( unequal l5g?#ahae--0 #c /ades & #a ple?ron long4 ,! bread? ( ! c\rse at ! />t+-po9t 0 #a /ade & #d ple?ra4 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t only a portion ( ! entire c\rse1 six /ades1 or ab\t two-?irds ( a mile1 0 trav]s$ 9 ! v>i\s races4 ,! olde/ lit]>y acc\nt ( a ,greek *>iot-race is f\nd 9 ,hom] 9 ! description ( ! games ( ,patroklos--! longe/ & f9e/ episode !re describ$4#ahaf ,b ! fir/ trace ( su* a conte/ goes back to my?ology1 to ! /ory ( ,pelops & ,o9omaos cont5d+ = ! h& ( ! latt]'s daught] ,hippodameia4#ahag ,?is my?ical race began at ! village ( ,pisa 9 ,elis & end$ at ! alt> ( ,poseidon on ! ,i/hmus ( ,cor9?4#ahah ,! *>iot-race 0 ! *ief if n ! only ev5t at ! olde/ fun]al games 9 ,greece1 ^? m5tion$ by ,pausanias z held 9 honor ( ,azan1 ! son ( ,arkas1 9 ,arkadia4#ahai ,x figur$ l>gely 9 my?ology#ahbj & 0 repres5t$ 9 _m works ( art4#ahba ,at ,olympia x 0 "o ( ! e>lie/1 & p]haps ! e>lie/1 ( ! ev5ts4 ,pausanias says t ! f\r-horse *>iot-race 0 introduc$ !re 9 ,ol4 #be 7 #fhj ,b4 ,c471#ahbb b ?is may m]ely mean1 z ,g>d9] po9ts out1 ! date ( ex*ang+ ! old] prehi/oric two-horse *>iot = ! "o drawn by f\r horses4 ,9 any case ! antiquity ( ! race at ,olympia is %[n by ! great numb] ( e>ly votive (f]+s 9 ! =m ( models ( *>iots & horses1 :i* h be5 f\nd !re 9 a /ratum ext5d+ bel[ ! f\ndations ( ! ,h]aion4 ,,programme ,,( ,,hippodrome ,,ev5ts4 ,by ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! fully develop$ programme ( eque/rian ev5ts at ,olympia & else:]e consi/$ ( six races1 ?ree = full-gr[n horses 771 & ?ree = colts 772 = ea* ( ^! two classes !re 7 a f\r-horse *>iot-race 71 71 a two-horse *>iot-race 771 & a horse-race 771 ?us3 1 1 4 1 1 4 ,^! six ev5ts compris$ ! at ,olympia1 ,delphi1 ,nemea1 ,cor9?1 ,a!ns1 & else:]e1 z oppos$ to ! 4#ahbc ,! di/9ction betwe5 horses & colts 0 app>5tly a matt] :i* 0 decid$ by ! ,hellanodikai at ,olympia4 ,?us1 ,pausanias rec\nts h[ ! ,sp>tan victor ,lykidas ent]$ a pair ( colts = ! *>iot-race1 & t "o ( !m 0 reject$ by ! judges2 he !reupon ent]$ bo? = ! race ) full-gr[n horses & won x4#ahbd ,?\gh su* a /ory does n fit ! date ( ,lykidas1 :o won be=e ! colt-race 0 introduc$ at ,olympia1 x %[s ! me?od ( selection4#ahbe ,! race 9 :i* ! *>iot 0 drawn by f\r full-gr[n horses 7 7 0 introduc$1 z we h se51 9 ,ol4 #be4 ,! conte/ants drove twelve times r\nd ! c\rse1 a di/ance ( sev5ty-two /ades or ov] eight miles4#ahbf ,pausanias m5tions ! monum5ts ( eighte5 su* victors at ,olympia = n9ete5 victories4 ,! race 9 :i* ! *>iot 0 drawn by f\r colts 7 7 0 introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #ii 7 #chd ,b4 ,c471#ahbg & ext5d$ eight times r\nd ! c\rse1 or ab\t #e4e miles4#ahbh ,pausanias m5tions ! monum5ts ( only two su* victors at ,olympia4#ahbi ,! race 9 :i* ! *>iot 0 drawn by pairs ( full-gr[n horses 77 0 introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #ic 7#djh ,b4 ,c47 & ext5d$ eight times r\nd ! c\rse4#ahcj ,pausanias m5tions b "o victor 9 ?is ev5t at ,olympia#ahca & an ,olympic victress :o _h a /atue erect$ to h] 9 ,sp>ta = su* a victory4#ahcb ,?is 0 probably ! orig9al *>iot-race at ,olympia reviv$ 9 ,ol4 #ic1 s9ce ! two-horse *>iot 0 ! hi/orical desc5dant ( ! ,hom]ic w>-*>iot4#ahcc ,pana!naic vases %[ t ?is race exi/$ at ,a!ns 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 side by side ) ! f\r-horse *>iot-race & horseback-race4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! vases1 ! s-call$ ,burgon vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#ahcd 0 a prize !re = ?is ev5t4 ,! race 9 :i* ! *>iot 0 drawn by a pair ( colts 7 7 0 introduc$ at ,olympia 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ,ol4 #abi 7 #bfd ,b4 ,c471#ahce & ext5d$ ?ree times ar\nd ! c\rse4 ,pausanias m5tions no monum5t erect$ to a victor 9 ?is race4 ,! horse-race 7 7 0 in/itut$ 9 ,ol4 #cc 7 #fdh ,b4 ,c47#ahcf1 & ! foal-race 7 7 ne>ly f\r c5turies lat]1 9 ,ol4 #aca 7#bef ,b4 ,c474#ahcg ,nei!r ( ^! races 0 kn[n to ,hom]1 = 9 ! ,iliad1#ahch z we saw 9 ,*apt] ,i1 ref]s only to ! acrobatic feat ( vault+ f ! back ( "o horse to t ( ano!r4 ,pausanias m5tions monum5ts erect$ to eight victors 7= n9e victories7 9 ! regul> horse-race at ,olympia4 ,we conclude f a passage ( 8 "w#ahci t ! rid+-race consi/$ ( "o lap only or six /ades1 ab\t two-?irds ( a mile4 ,a mule *>iot-race 77 0 introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #gj 7 #ejj ,b4 ,c471 & a trott+-race ) m>es 77 9 ,ol4 #ga 7 #dif ,b4 ,c471 b bo? 7 aboli%$ 9 ,ol4 #hd 7 #ddd ,b4 ,c474#ahdj ,pausanias m5tions "o monum5t erect$ to an anonym\s victor 9 1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #gb & #hd 7 #dib & #ddd ,b4 ,c474#ahda ,he m5tions ! fir/ victor 9 ! mule-race1 ,!rsias ( ,!ssaly1 b ?is does n occur 9 8 p]iegesis ( ! ,altis4#ahdb ,only ?ree o!r victors 9 ?is ev5t are kn[n to u1 & !y came f ,sicilian t[ns4#ahdc ,eque/rian ev5ts 7 discont9u$ at ,olympia 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ow+ to ! wan+ ( int]e/ 9 a?letics 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,roman conque/ ( ,greece 9 #adf ,b4 ,c4 ,!y 7 reviv$ !reaft] "u ! ,empire only spasmodically & 7 de/9$ f9ally to be replac$ by ! amusem5ts ( ! ,roman circus4 ,?us we le>n f ! ,arm5ian v]sion ( ,africanus t ! *>iot-race ceas$ at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #agh 7 #fh ,b4 ,c474 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 re9/at$ t[>d ! end ( ! c5tury1 s9ce ,tib]ius ,claudius ,n]o--aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius--won 9 ,ol4 #aid 7 #d ,b4 ,c474#ahdd ,x aga9 w5t into disuse1 s9ce ,africanus says t x1 1 0 re9troduc$ 9 ,ol4 #aii 7 #ag ,a4 ,d471 :5 ,g]manicus1 ! adopt$ son ( ,tib]ius1 won4#ahde ,once m x 0 discont9u$1 & aga9 r5ew$ 9 ,ol4 #bbb 7 #aji ,a4 ,d471 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 :o1 h[ev]1 does n "n any victor = t date4 ,j :5 ?is discont9uance took place1 we c n say1 b x 0 c]ta9ly aft] ,ol4 #baa 7 #fe ,a4 ,d471 :5 ! emp]or ,n]o is kn[n to h won victories 9 v>i\s k9ds ( *>iot-races4#ahdf ,?ree ,olympiads be=e1 an ,elean1 ,tib]ios ,klaudios ,aphrodeisios1 _h also won ! horse-race4#ahdg ,,repres5tations ,,( ,,! ,,*>iot-,,race4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bf ,rac+ ,*>iot & ,horses4 ,f an ar*aic b4-f4 ,hydria4 ,museum ( ,b]l94 ,repres5tations ( ! v>i\s *>iot-races are common] ?an ^? ( any o!r ,olympic conte/1 appe>+ on vases1 reliefs1 co9s1 & gems4#ahdh ,!re seem to h be5 two di/9ct types ( rac+-*>iot 9 ,greece4#ahdi ,! f\r-horse *>iot 0 a modification ( ! h]oic two-horse w>-*>iot1 :i* 0 a l[ c> on two :eels1 surm\nt$ by a box consi/+ ( a high framework1 op5 only at ! re>1 & l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! *iefta9 & ! *>iote]4 ,! w>-*>iot 0 kn[n to bo? ,myc5an ,greece & ,crete4 ,!re is a relief ( unc]ta9 date 9 ! ,museum ( ,c&ia1 :i* repres5ts a *>iot & *>iote]4#ahej ,x is f> sup]ior to ! type ( *>iots appe>+ 9 relief on ! grave/ones f\nd at ,myc51#ahea ?\gh ! type on bo? is ( ! same g5]al patt]n1 hav+ ! same box & f\r-spok$ :eels4 ,on ! ,myc5an reliefs ! box seems to re/ directly ^u ! rim ( ! :eel1 & ! portrayal ( a s+le horse is v in>ti/ic4 ,on ! ,c&ia relief1 h[ev]1 !re are at lea/ two horses disc]nible1 & bo? ! horses & ! w>rior1 :o is ab\t to m\nt ! c>1 are lifelike4 ,! ,greek rac+-c> 0 mu* light] ?an ! ,hom]ic & ,myc5an w>-*>iot1 & ! box _h room only = ! *>iote]4 ,x 0 drawn usually by f\r horses4 ,! ,a!nian type appe>s on ,pana!naic vases ?r\gh\t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! manufacture ( ^! vases1#aheb & also on ,mac$onian & ,sicilian co9s4 ,on c]ta9 vases ( lat] date ! c> is /ill light] & has l>g] :eels4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ rac+-c>s is se5 on a vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#ahec dat+ f ! eigh? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,x seems to be a two-horse c>1 z we %\ld expect at ?is e>ly date1 ?\gh ! arti/ has drawn b "o horse4 ,! *>iote] is clo!d 9 a long *iton1 a cu/om :i* 0 g5]ally kept ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ! *>iot-race4 ,! regul> two-horse type ( *>iot appe>s on vases z a c>t1 ! body ( ! old w>-*>iot be+ s dim9i%$ t no?+ is left b ! driv]'s seat ) a squ>e op5 framework on ! sides4 ,! driv] re/s 8 feet on a footbo>d susp5d$ f ! pole4#ahed ,p]haps ?is repres5ts a peculi>ly ,a!nian type ( *>iot1 s9ce ! two-horse *>iot on co9s ( ,philip ,,ii1 son ( ,amyntas & fa!r ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 a victor at ,olympia 9 bo? horse-rac+ & *>iote]+1 resembles ! ord9>y f\r-horse c>1 & ! driv] /&s in/ead ( sits4#ahee ,! mule-c> 0 l ! two-horse *>iot1 z we see 9 repres5tations ( x on co9s ( ,rhegion & ,messana4#ahef ,! be/ illu/rations ( rac+ ) f\r-horse c>s are af=d$ by co9s ( ,sicilian cities4#aheg ,we see an excell5t repres5tation ( su* a race on a six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,pana!naic vase rec5tly f\nd at ,sp>ta1 on :i* a *>iot driv5 by a /&+ *>iote] is repres5t$ z pass+ a pill> on ! "r1 & !re=e p]haps ne> ! end ( ! race4#aheh ,! h>ness+ ( two horses to a rac+-c> is se5 on an ar*aic b4-f4 hydria 9 ,b]l9 7,pl4 #bf74ahei ,"h a ?ird horse appe>s1 l$ by a nude y\?1 :o is cr[n$1 & :o !re=e probably repres5ts a victori\s horse-rac]4 ,sev]al o!r b4-f4 vase-pa9t+s %[+ f\r-horse *>iots h be5 collect$ by ,g]h>d4#ahfj ,h[ev]1 we are n dep5d5t ^u vase-pa9t+s & co9s to judge ( ! magnific5ce ( ,greek *>iots ( ! hi/orical p]iod1 = we h actual rema9s ( !m--w>-*>iots1 to be sure1 b n v unlike ! ones us$ at ! correspond+ dates 9 ,olympia4 ,among ^! is ! f9e bronze biga f\nd 9 ! grave ( an ,italian pr9ce at ,monteleone1 ,etruria1 9 #aijb1 & n[ "o ( ! *ief treasures ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum 9 ,new ,york4#ahfa ,?is is a w>-*>iot ( ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! only complete anci5t bronze *>iot n[ kn[n4 ,! re/or$ frame ( wood is %ea!d ) ?9 bronze plates ri*ly ornam5t$ ) reliefs 9 rep\ss4 ,because ( its =m & its relation%ip to *>iots appe>+ on ar*aic ,ionic monum5ts ( ,asia ,m9or1 = example1 on ! reliefs ( s>cophagi f ,klazom5ai1 & because ( ! /rong resemblance betwe5 its decorative designs & ^? ( ar*aic ,italian monum5ts ( ,ioniciz+ /yle1 ,furtwa5gl] has class$ x z ! product ( ,ionic ,greek art4 ,pr(essor ,*ase1 on ! o!r h&1 f9ds ^! decorations pure ,etruscan 9 "*1 comp>+ !m ) ! reliefs on ?ree bronze tripods 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,james ,loeb1 :i* are dat$ "s half a c5tury lat]4#ahfb ,9 any case ?is *>iot is 8das gla5z5d/e1 voll/a5dig/e0 ar*aic metal "w yet recov]$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re are consid]able remnants ( ! *>iot-gr\p ( ,k+ ,mausolos & 8 wife ,artemisia1 :i* once /ood on ! apex ( ! ,mausoleion at ,halik>nassos1 ! "w1 accord+ to ,pl9y1#ahfc ( ,py?is 7or ,py!os71 ! ar*itect & hi/orian ( ! tomb4#ahfd ,besides ! figures ( ! royal pair1 we h ! head ( "o horse1 ! h9d] half ( ano!r1 fragm5ts ( /ill o!rs1 & "o :eel ( ! *>iot4#ahfe ,,*>iot-,,gr\ps ,,at ,,olympia4 ,great arti/s 7 engag$ to set up *>iot-gr\ps at ,olympia & else:]e4 ,_m ( ! quadrigae & bigae m5tion$ by ,pl9y z ! works ( sculptors & pa9t]s mu/ h be5 agoni/ic (f]+s4#ahff ,aeg9etan sculptors 7 especially 9 favor at ,olympia4 ,?us ,onatas1 9 conjunction ) ! ,a!nian ,kalamis1 made a gr\p = ,k+ ,hi]o1#ahfg & ,glaukias made ano!r = ,hi]o's bro!r ,gelo2#ahfh ,simon made an eque/rian gr\p = ,phormis1#ahfi & ,philotimos made a /atue = ! horse-rac] ,x5ombrotos ( ,kos4#ahgj ,! olde/ d$ication by a *>iot victor at ,olympia 0 ! votive (f]+ ( ,miltiades1 ! son ( ,kypselos1 ( ,a!ns1 :i* consi/$ ( an ivory horn ( ,amal!ia1 inscrib$ ) ar*aic lett]s & set up 9 ! treasury ( ! ,sikyonians4 ,miltiades won 8 victory 9 ,ol4 787 #ed 7 #efd ,b4 ,c474#ahga ,! next olde/ d$ication at ,olympia 0 t ( a *>iot1 )\t any human figure1 by ! ,sp>tan ,euagoras1 :o won ?ree victories 9 ,ols4 787 #eh-fj 7 #edh-edj ,b4 ,c474#ahgb ,?is cu/om ( d$icat+ m]ely ! model ( a *>iot cont9u$ sporadically into ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,?us ,polypei!s ( ,sp>ta1 :o won a victory ne> ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41#ahgc d$icat$ a *>iot1 :ile a figure ( 8 fa!r1 ! wre/l] ,kalliteles1 /ood beside x4#ahgd ,a ,py?ian victor1 ,arkesilas ,,iv1 son ( ,battos ,,iv1 k+ ( ,kyr5e1 :o won a victory 9 ! #ca/ ,py?iad 7 #dfb ,b4 ,c471 d$icat$ a *>iot at ,delphi4#ahge ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! ,sp>tan pr9cess ,kyniska set up 8bronze horses less ?an life-size0 9 ! pronaos ( ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia4 ,! recov]$ base %[s t ,pausanias 0 "r ab\t ! size ( ?is votive (f]+4#ahgf ,!o*re/os ( ,kyr5e1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ajj & #abb 7 #chj & #bib ,b4 ,c471#ahgg & ,glaukon ( ,a!ns1 :o won 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41#ahgh also set up votive *>iots4 ,! recov]$ base ( ,glaukon's *>iot %[s t x 0 small4 ,sometimes a *>iot victor1 = economy's sake1 cont5t$ himself ) d$icat+ m]ely a /atue ( himself 9 honor ( 8 victory--a cu/om :i* cont9u$ f ! six? to ! ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c4 ,p]haps "o ( ! olde/ examples ( su* a d$ication ( :i* we h record is t ( ! ,elean ,ar*idamas1 :o won a victory at an unkn[n date1 b c]ta9ly "s "t aft] ,ol4 #ff 7 #eae ,b4 ,c474#ahgi ,9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! ,sp>tans ,anax&ros#ahhj & ,lyk9os#ahha d$icat$ m]ely /atues ( !mselves4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ! ,elean victors ,timon1#ahhb ^: monum5t 0 by ,daidalos1 ,troilos1 ^: monum5t 0 by ,lysippos1#ahhc & ,telema*os1 ^: /atue 0 by ,philonides1#ahhd set up /atues 9 honor ( _! victories4 ,! footpr9ts on ! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ,telema*os %[ t he 0 repres5t$ /&+ at re/ ) bo? feet flat on ! gr\nd4 ,?is 0 probably ! position ( ! /atues ( ! o!r two victors m5tion$4 ,! /atue ( ! ,sp>tan victor ,polykles1 surnam$ ,poly*alkos1 /ood 9 a s+ul> gr\p4 ,he 0 repres5t$ z be+ greet$ on 8 return home by 8 *ildr51 "o ( :om held a small grace-hoop 9 8 h&1 :ile ! o!r 0 try+ to snat* ! victor ribbon f 8 fa!r's h&4#ahhe ,we le>n f ,diog5es ,la]tios t ! tyrant ,p]i&ros ( ,cor9? v[$ to set up a gold5 /atue ( himself if he won ! *>iot-race4#ahhf ,! fir/ in/ance *ronologically record$ by ,pausanias ( a *>iot victor d$icat+ 8 /atue along ) *>iot & horses is t ( k+ ,gelo ( ,syracuse1 ! gr\p be+ ! "w ( ! ,aeg9etan ,glaukias4#ahhg ,! fir/ in/ance ( a victor d$icat+ 8 /atue 9 a gr\p ) *>iot1 horses1 & *>iote]1 is t ( ,kleo/h5es ( ,epidamnos1 ! gr\p be+ ! "w ( ! ,argive ,hageladas4#ahhh ,ev5 ! names ( ! horses 7 inscrib$ on ?is monum5t4#ahhi ,! own] ( ! *>iot1 to be sure1 took ! prize1 b he felt t ! victory 0 due to ! horses & driv]1 & s he associat$ !m ) himself 9 ! monum5t4 ,sometimes ! victor act$ z 8 own *>iote]4 ,?us ! ,sp>tan ,damonon1 already m5tion$ z ! h]o ( _m *>iot victories 9 & ne> ,sp>ta1 tells 9 ! inscription appe>+ on 8 votive relief t he 0 8 own *>iote]4#ahij ,9 ! fir/ ,i/hmian ,ode ,p9d> congratulates ,h]odotos ( ,!bes1 :o won ! *>iot-race 787 9 #deh ,b4 ,c41 on n entru/+ 8 *>iot to /rang]s1 b driv+ x himself4#ahia ,?rasyb\los seems to h driv5 8 fa!r's c> at ! victory commemorat$ by ! six? ,py?ian ,ode1 sung 9 honor ( ! *>iot victory ( ,x5okrates ( ,akragas 9 #dij ,b4 ,c4 at ,delphi4 ,k>rhotos1 ! *>iote] ( ,arkesilas ( ,kyr5e already m5tion$1 0 ! latt]'s bro!r-9-law4#ahib ,simil>ly ,aigyptos appe>s to h ridd5 8 own horse at ,olympia in/ead ( entru/+ x to a jockey4#ahic ,sophokles1 9 ! ,electra1 has ! h]o ,ore/es drive 8 own *>iot at ! ,py?ia4 ,kyniska1 ! daught] ( k+ ,ar*idamas ( ,sp>ta1 0 ! fir/ woman to ent] ! conte/s at ! race-c\rse & ! fir/ to w9 an ,olympic victory ) h] *>iot4#ahid ,ap>t f ! small votive (f]+1 already m5tion$ z /&+ 9 ! temple ( ,zeus1 %e _h also a victor-gr\p at ,olympia1 by ! sculptor ,apellas1 consi/+ ( *>iot1 horses1 *>iote]1 & h]self4 ,! r\nd$ =m ( ! recov]$ base1#ahie 9 connection ) ! description ( ,pausanias1 p]mits u to assume t ! /atue ( ! pr9cess /ood 9 front on ! project+ r\nd$ portion ( ! p$e/al4 ,?is is ! cont5tion ( ,loewy1 :o opposes ! !ory ( ,furtwa5gl]#ahif t ! /atue /ood away f ! re/ ( ! gr\p1 s9ce ,pausanias makes no m5tion ( su* an arrangem5t4 ,9 any case1 ! *>iote] 9 ! gr\p c n h be5 sep>at$ f ! c>4 ,9 an unpubli%$ pap] by my =m] tea*]1 ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,em]son1 :i* 0 read by ,pr(essor ,d4 ,m4 ,rob9son be=e ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,am]ica at its ,*ri/mas meet+ 9 ,provid5ce 9 #aiaj1 & entitl$ ,! ,case ( ,kyniska1#ahig ! argum5t 0 made t ! *>iot 0 9 m9iature2 t ! /atue ( ,kyniska 0 a portrait1 because ( ! word+ ( ! recov]$ epigram2 &1 la/ly t ! smalle/ ( ! s-call$ bronze danc]s f ! villa ( ! ,pisos 9 ,h]culaneum1 n[ 9 ,naples1 is a late reproduction ( ! /atue at ,olympia by ,apellas4 ,em]son ?9ks t ,pl9y no d\bt (t5 visit$ ! villa & may well h _h ^! /atues 9 m9d :5 he m5tion$ ,apellas z ! au?or ( sev]al /atues ( wom5 adorn+ !mselves4#ahih ,! monum5t erect$ by ,hi]o1 son ( ,de9om5es & bro!r & successor ( k+ ,gelo at ,syracuse1 :o won two horse-races & a f\r-horse *>iot victory at ,olympia 9 ,ols4 #gf1 #gg1 #gh 7 #dgf-dfh ,b4 ,c471#ahii consi/$ ( a bronze *>iot1 on :i* ! *>iote] 0 m\nt$1 & on ei!r side a race-horse ) a jockey on ea*4 ,onatas made ! *>iot 7& possibly ! /atue ( ! driv]71 :ile ,kalamis sculptur$ ! horses & jockeys4 ,su* a division among sculptors 0 n uncommon at ,olympia4 ,?us ! ,aeg9etan arti/ ,simon & ! ,argive ,dionysios made a gr\p 9 common = ,phormis1 :i* we h already m5tion$1 consi/+ ( two horses & two *>iote]s4#aijj ,! ,*ian ,pantias & ! ,aeg9etan ,philotimos made a gr\p 9 common = ,x5ombrotos ( ,kos1 victor 9 horse-rac+1 & = 8 son1 ! boy box] ,x5odikos1 :i* consi/$ ( /atues ( ! man & ! boy on horseback4#aija ,pl9y m5tions a f\r-horse *>iot-gr\p = :i* ! eld] ,praxiteles made ! *>iote] & ,kalamis ! *>iot1 add+ t ,praxiteles did ?is out ( k9dness1 n wi%+ x to be ?\ght t ,kalamis _h fail$ 9 repres5t+ ! man aft] succe$+ 9 repres5t+ ! horses4#aijb ,9 "s ( ! ,olympic *>iot-gr\ps d\btless ! *>iote] 0 repres5t$ at ! mom5t ( ent]+ ! *>iot or already 9 x4 ,sometimes a figure ( ,nike took ! place ( ! *>iote]1 9 ord] t ! victor's exploit might be m exalt$4 ,?us ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ ! bronze *>iot ( ,krati/h5es ( ,kyr5e by ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion1#aijc says t /atues ( ,nike & ,krati/h5es himself are m\nt$ ^u ! c>4 ,! ,nike 9 "s cases 0 replac$ by ! figure ( a "y maid51 :o /ood beside ! victor1 z 9 ! cases ( ! ,elean ,timon#aijd & ! ,mac$onian ,lampos4#aije ,pl9y notes a simil> example 9 ref]5ce to ! *>iot ( ,teisikrates1 a ,delphian victor 9 ! two-horse *>iot-race4#aijf ,! maid5 9 all ^! cases may h be5 m]ely a ,nike p]sonifi$ or a mortal4#aijg ,pl9y records t ! pa9t] ,nikoma*os1 son & pupil ( ,ari/eides1 pa9t$ a ,victoria quadrigam 9 sublime rapi5s4#aijh ,! figure ( ,nike appe>s (t5 on reliefs4 ,?us on a t]ra-cotta s>cophagus f ,klazom5ai we see a two-horse *>iot driv5 by a boy1 :ile alongside is a w+$ female figure--,iris or ,nike--m\nt+ x4#aiji ,! mom5t ( victory is %[n on an ,attic m>ble votive relief repres5t+ a f\r-horse *>iot1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"h a figure ( ,nike is repres5t$ z float+ 9 ! air & ext5d+ a wrea? 7n[ want+7 t[>ds ! head ( ! *>iote]1 :o is drap$ ) a tunic girdl$ at ! wai/1 z he m\nts ! c>4 ,if ! *>iote] 9 ?is relief is a female 7:i* is d\btful71 x may he ! p]sonification ( ! city to :i* ! w9n] belongs4#aiaj ,on a votive relief 9 ,a!ns a horse is repres5t$ z be+ cr[n$ by ,nike4#aiaa ,on a relief 9 ,madrid ,nike is repres5t$ z driv+ a *>iot4#aiab ,a quadriga ) a female figure1 app>5tly ,nike1 appe>s on a relief d$icat$ to ,h]mes & ! ,nymphs1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ,phal]on4#aiac ,d\btless "s ( ! *>iot-gr\ps at ,olympia repres5t$ movem5t--! />t1 ! c\rse1 or ! end ( ! race--z d ^! & simil> reliefs4#aiad ,we %\ld add t ! figure ( ,nike 0 n conf9$ to eque/rian monum5ts4 ,on ! ,ficoroni ci/a 9 ,rome is repres5t$ ! box+ mat* betwe5 ,polydeukes & ,amykos among ! ,bebrykes4 ,9 ! c5tre we see ,amykos hang$ to a tree by ! h&s1 :ile to ! "r /&s ,a!na1 & above h] ,nike is fly+ ) a cr[n & fillet ( victory = ,polydeukes4#aiae ,,rema9s ,,( ,,*>iot-,,gr\ps4 ,f ?is discussion ( ! lit]>y evid5ce ab\t ! monum5ts ( *>iot victors at ,olympia & else:]e1 we %all turn to a brief consid]ation ( c]ta9 exi/+ works ( sculpture1 reliefs & /atues1 :i* w s]ve to illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* ! sculptor repres5t$ ?is class ( victor monum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,*>iote] ,m\nt+ a ,*>iot4 ,bas-relief f ! ,akropolis4 ,akropolis ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,! motive ( repres5t+ a figure 9 ! act ( m\nt+ a *>iot is old4 ,amphi>aos 0 ?us repres5t$ on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos at ,olympia#aiaf & appe>s 9 a simil> pose on ! b4-f4 ,cor9?ian vase f ,c]vet]i1 n[ 9 ,b]l91 :i* we h already m5tion$4#aiag ,among reliefs we %all fir/ discuss ! ,p>ian 787 m>ble "o f\nd 9 #ahbb ne> ! ,propylaia at ,a!ns & n[ 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum 7,fig4 #fc74aiah ,"h we see repres5t$ a rob$ figure /epp+ into a *>iot1 hold+ ! re9s 9 ! ext5d$ h&s4 ,?is ,attic "w1 p]haps dat+ f ! v beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 has long be5 admir$ = its vigor & grace4 ,:e!r ! figure is male or female1 human or div9e1 is /ill a matt] ( debate4 ,! head is too badly wea!r$ to make ! decision f9al4 ,! upp] "p ( ! figure ( ,h]mes 787 on ano!r fragm5t1 :i* appe>s to come f ! same relief & :i* 0 f\nd ne> ! s\? wall ( ! ,akropolis 9 #ahei1aiai has made x seem reasonable to call ! *>iote] a god1 p]haps ,apollo4#aibj ,! hair ( ,h]mes & ( ! *>iote] is arrang$ 9 ! old ,attic krobylos fa%ion4 ,?is also makes x natural to int]pret ! *>iote] z male1 despite ! sl5d] & delicate arms & h&s1 :i* appe> to be female4#aiba ,b su* effem9ate male figures are n unkn[n to ,attic art1 :i* 0 *>act]iz$ by grace & s(tness4#aibb ,! l9e ( ! brea/1 h[ev]1 %[s no su* fulness z ar*aic ma/]s 7 wont to give to female =ms1 & h5ce ?is figure may v well be t ( a male4 ,s*rad] has tri$ to ref] ! slab to ! frieze ( ! ,old ,temple ( ,a!na1 :i*1 he believes1 surviv$ ! sack ( ! ,akropolis by ,x]xes1#aibc ?us assum+ a *>iot-frieze simil> to ! lat] "o appe>+ on ! ,mausoleion at ,halik>nassos1 :i* ant$at$ simil> sc5es on ! ,p>!non frieze by ne>ly a c5tury4 ,z ! ,p>!non slabs repres5t mortal *>iote]s1 :o are d\btless males1 ! relief may also repres5t a mortal4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,akropolis relief may h _h no?+ to d ) any temple frieze nor ) ! adornm5t ( a great alt> ( ,a!na1 z ,furtwa5gl] cont5d$1#aibd b may be f a votive monum5t set up by a *>iot victor4#aibe ,we see a good repres5tation 9 relief ( a *>iot-gr\p on "o side ( ! ar*$ ro( ( ! s-call$ ,*imra tomb discov]$ by ,sir ,*>les ,fell[s at ,xan?os 9 ,lykia4 ,"h is repres5t$ a *>iot drawn by f\r horses1 9 :i* /&s a *>iote]1 ) sleev$ tunic & ,phrygian cap1 & an arm$ figure4 ,because ( ! figure ( ! ,*imra 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn]1 ! *>iote]1 despite ! abs5ce ( ,pegasos1 has be5 call$ ,bell]ophon4#aibf ,,! ,,apobates ,,*>iot-,,race4 ,on ! nor? frieze ( ! ,p>!non !re 7 orig9ally at lea/ #i f\r-horse *>iot gr\ps1#aibg :ile on ! s\? frieze !re 7 #aj su* gr\ps4#aibh ,^! v>i\s gr\ps repres5t a c]emonial *>iot-race call$ ! apobates1 kn[n at ,a!ns & 9 ,botia & a favorite conte/ at ! ,pana!naic games4#aibi ,?is race pres]v$ ! tradition ( ,hom]ic w>f>e1 :5 ! *iefta9 0 driv5 to battle 9 8 *>iot1 b dism\nt$ to fight1 rem\nt+ only to pursue or avoid 8 enemy4 ,dur+ ! race1 :ile ! *>iote] kept ! horses at full spe$1 ! apobates dism\nt$1 ran alongside ! *>iot1 & m\nt$ aga94 ,9 ! la/ lap he dism\nt$ & ran beside ! *>iot to ! goal4#aicj ,9 ! ,nor? frieze we see ! *>iote] 9 ! *>iot1 & ! apobates1 arm$ ) %ield & helmet1 ei!r /epp+ d[n f ! *>iot or /&+ beside x2 :ile a ?ird figure1 a m>%al1 /&s ne>by4 ,?us on slab ,,xiv we see ! apobates ab\t to /ep d[n2 on slab ,,xv he is /&+ up 9 ! *>iot2 on slab ,,xvii 7,fig4 #fd7 he is lean+ back1 support+ himself by means ( 8 "r h&1 :i* grasps ! *>iot rail1 & is j ready to /ep d[n2 on slab ,,xxii he is rem\nt+ ! *>iot4 ,9 ! sc5es on ! ,s\? frieze1 on ! o!r h&1 ! apobates is n repres5t$ z dism\nt+1 b is /&+ ei!r inside ! *>iot or by its side4 ,! ,s\? frieze1 !re=e1 repres5ts prep>ation or ! beg9n+ ( ! race1 :ile ! ,nor? "o repres5ts ! actual c\rse4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 z ,g>d9] po9ts out1 no ne$ to accept ,mi*aelis' !ory t ! two friezes portray diff]5t motives1 ! ,nor? "o repres5t+ ! apobates at ! games & ! ,s\? "o repres5t+ w>-*>iots4 ,! d\ble "* ( ! race is %[n by inscriptions :i* make bo? *>iote] & apobates equally victors4 ,_m o!r reliefs %[ ! apobates dism\nt+4 ,?us1 on a fragm5t>y relief f\nd 9 #ahhf at ! ,amphi>eion at ,oropos & n[ 9 ,a!ns1#aica we see a nude & be>dless y\? /&+ 9 a *>iot1 :i* is mov+ rapidly to ! left4 ,he has a helmet on 8 head & a %ield 9 8 left h& & holds on to ! rim ( ! *>iot1 z 9 ! ,p>!non frieze slab j m5tion$4 ,to 8 "r is a *>iote] ) 8 arms out/ret*$ to hold ! re9s4 ,z ?is relief is obvi\sly influ5c$ by ! ,p>!non frieze1 x mu/ /& midway betwe5 t frieze & ! ,hell5i/ic relief to be describ$ bel[4 ,ano!r relief1 f\nd at ,oropos 9 #ahceaicb & dat+ f ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 repres5ts a f\r-horse *>iot mov+ to ! left & conta9+ two p]sons4 ,"o is ! *>iote]1 :o has long wav+ hair & a %ort be>d & is clo!d 9 ! usual long tunic2 ! o!r is a nude apobates1 :o is arm$ ) helmet & %ield & holds on to ! rim ( ! *>iot ) 8 "r h&1 ! upp] "p ( 8 body be+ incl9$ backw>ds1 ! knees b5t1 & ! %ield held away f ! body4#aicc ,we c n say :e!r ^! two reliefs f ! ,amphi>eion repres5t (f]+s ( apobatai1 :o 7 victori\s at races held 9 ,oropos or else:]e 9 ,botia1 or repres5t ! victori\s ,pana!naic apobatai4 ,!y may well be ex votos to ! h]o ,amphi>aos at ! games held 9 ,oropos4 ,we see an excell5t illu/ration ( an apobates 9 ! v act ( dism\nt+ on a ,hell5i/ic votive relief discov]$ 9 #ahhj on ! ,akropolis1 :i* dates f ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#aicd ,a m>ble relief1 supposably f ,h]culaneum1 b n[ 9 ,portugal1#aice repres5ts a figure dress$ 9 a long *iton4 ,wolt]s sugge/s t x may repres5t an apobates1 b ! abs5ce ( ! usual armor makes x probable t a *>iote] is int5d$4 ,9 a future section we %all discuss ! apobates 9 ! horse-race at ,olympia kn[n z 4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,apobates & ,*>iot4 ,relief f ! ,nor? ,frieze ( ! ,p>!non1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--;,*>iote]4 ,relief f ! small ,frieze ( ! ,mausoleion1 ,halik>nassos4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,,/atues ,,( ,,*>iote]s4 ,! be/-pres]v$ slab f ! small ,p>ian m>ble *>iot-frieze f ! ,mausoleion ( ,halik>nassos1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 repres5ts a male figure /&+ 9 a *>iot 7,fig4 #fe74aicf ,?is long-hair$ *>iote]1 dress$ 9 a tunic :i* ext5ds to ! feet & is gird$ at ! wai/1 is lean+ =w>d 9 an eag] attitude4 ,! folds ( 8 g>m5t curv$ to ! w9d %[ ! spe$ ( 8 horses1 & ! mutilat$ face discloses a look ( int5se excitem5t4 ,! deep-set eyes & ov]hang+ br[s recall ! ,tegea heads ( ,skopas 7,fig4 #gc7 & ! combatants pictur$ on ! s-call$ ,alex&] ,s>cophagus discov]$ ne> ,sidon 9 #ahhg & n[ 9 ,con/ant9ople4#aicg ,! pose is s *>act]i/ic & spirit$ t x 0 copi$ by lat] arti/s on reliefs & gems4#aich ,! same pose1 =w>d incl9ation ( ! body1 half-op5$ m\?1 & int5se look seem to be reproduc$ 9 a /atue ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,bo/on 7,pl4 #bg74aici ,rob9son1 because ( ! simil>ity ( its head to c]ta9 heads ( ,apollo publi%$ by ,ov]beck1#aidj int]pret$ ?is /atue z ,apollo />t+ to run4 ,von ,ma*1 h[ev]1 has po9t$ out t its head be>s a m /rik+ resemblance to t ( a ,kore 9 ,vi5na4#aida ,kle9 int]pret$ x z a jump]1 assum+ t ! two supports on ! legs 7 = ! wri/s1 indicat+ t ! arms 7 held d[nw>ds1 ! h&s1 !n1 hold+ halt]es4 ,b von ,ma* makes x cle> t ^! supports are n p>allel1 z ,kle9 ?\ght1 b t !y div]ge outw>ds & consequ5tly may h made ! connection ) ! sides ( a *>iot rim4 ,fur!rmore1 ! lik5ess to ! figure on ! ,mausoleion frieze 7,fig4 #fe7 makes x probable t we are "h conc]n$ ) a *>iote]4 ,! objection to ?is !ory on ! gr\nd ( nudity is baseless4 ,?\gh ! conv5tional g>b ( ! *>iote] 9 ,greek art f ! eigh? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 onw>ds#aidb 0 c]ta9ly a long1 close-fitt+ *iton1 !re are sev]al examples 9 exi/5ce ( nude *>iote]s4#aidc ,simil>ly ! objection t ! artificial head-dress does n belong to a *>iote] is equally errone\s4 ,kle9 has %[n t x appe>s on sev]al heads ( boys1 &1 z von ,ma* says1 x is c]ta9ly no bett] suit$ to ,apollo or a jump] ?an to a boy driv+ colts 9 a *>iot-race4 ,! pose ( ! ,bo/on /atue also rem9ds u some:at ( t ( ! small bronze /atue ( a boy f\nd 9 ! ,rh9e ne> ,xant5 9 #aheh & n[ 9 ,b]l94#aidd ,?is is a ,roman "w seem+ly inspir$ by a ,greek prototype1 & has be5 int]pret$ v>i\sly z ! /atue ( ,bonus ,ev5tus1 ,novus ,annus1 & ,dionysos4 ,h[ev]1 "h aga9 ! =w>d incl9ation ( ! body po9ts to ! int]pretation ( a *>iote]1#aide despite its nudity4 ,! nude /atue f\nd on ! ,esquil9e 9 #ahgd & n[ 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome1 :i* has already be5 m5tion$1#aidf has be5 %[n to be t ( a *>iote] by a comp>ison ) figures on ,attic vases :i* repres5t mortals & gods ent]+ *>iots1 & ) a figure on ! s-call$ ,satrap ,s>cophagus 9 ,con/ant9ople4#aidg ,! y\? is repres5t$ z /&+ on 8 left foot2 he places 8 "r on ! *>iot floor & ext5ds 8 h&s to hold ! re9s4 ,! /atue seems to be a m$iocre ,roman copy ( a ,greek orig9al bronze ( ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 z x %[s c]ta9 traces ( ar*aism4 ,furtwa5gl] has assign$ x to ! sculptor ,kalamis along ) a closely connect$ gr\p ( monum5ts4#aidh ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bg ,/atue ( a ,*>iote] 7874 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,bronze ,/atue ( ! ,delphi ,*>iote]4 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,f9ally1 9 ?is connection1 ev5 ?\gh x has no?+ to d ) monum5ts set up at ,olympia1 we %all discuss ! life-size bronze /atue ( ! ,*>iote] discov]$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #ahif 9 ! excavations ( ,delphi1 & n[ ! cynosure ( ! village museum !re4 7,fig4 #ff47aidi ,?is example ( ripe ar*aic art is "o ( ! f9e/ bronzes yet recov]$ 9 ,greece4 ,its anci5t fame is disclos$ by ! fact t x 0 copi$ 9 _m monum5ts d[n to ! end ( antiquity4#aiej ,! figure is clo!d 9 a %ort-sleev$ *iton1 :i* rea*$ ne>ly to ! gr\nd1 & is gird$ above ! wai/4 ,) ! figure 7 f\nd also fragm5ts ( re9s1 :i* 7 held 9 ! ext5d$ "r h&1 portions ( ?ree horses1 a *>iot pole1 & ! left arm & h& ( a second figure1 t ( a boy or woman1 %[+ t ! ,*>iote] 0 "p ( a gr\p4 ,! gr\p re/$ on a base on :i* 0 cut a two-l9e metrical inscription1 ! ends ( :i* are pres]v$4 ,! fir/ l9e ends ' 4 ,a "p ( ! inscription is lo/ & ano!r "p1 includ+ ! above words1 is writt5 ov] ! eras$ orig9al1 :i* is /ill p>tly legible4 ,! orig9al inscription gives ! "n ( ! fir/ d$icator z end+ 9 4 ,f ?is end+ ,pr(essor ,wa%burn recov]s ! "n 4 ,he ref]s ! orig9al d$ication to ,arkesilas ,,iv ( ,kyr5e1#aiea & id5tifies x ) ! gr\p kn[n f ,pausanias to h be5 d$icat$ at ,delphi by ! p ( ,kyr5e1 repres5t+ ,battos & ! figure ( ,libya cr[n+ him 9 a *>iot & ! *>iote] p]sonifi$ z ,kyr5e outside1 ! :ole be+ ! "w ( ! ,knossian sculptor ,amphion4#aieb ,svoronos#aiec foll[s ,wa%burn's sugge/ion & id5tifies ! ,*>iote] ) ,battos1 believ+ t ! fragm5t ( ! left arm f\nd ) ! /atue is f ! /atue ( ,kyr5e repres5t$ z a *>iote]4#aied ,+5i\s z ! !ory is1 !re are *ronological difficulties 9 ! way ( accept+ x unres]v$ly4 ,?us ,amphion's pupil ,pison work$ on ! ,sp>tan memorial ( ,aigospotamoi at ,delphi 9 #djd ,b4 ,c4#aiee ,fur!rmore1 ! end+ may equally well ref] to ,anaxilas1 ! tyrant ( ,rhegion1 z ! orig9al d$icator1#aief 9 :i* case x seems reasonable to assume t ! gr\p might h be5 ! "w ( ,py?agoras1 ! great sculptor ( ,rhegion4#aieg ,a ,greek s*ol> believes t ! orig9al d$icator 0 ,gelo1 & t 8 "n 0 eras$ & replac$ by t ( 8 bro!r ,polyzalos2 he consequ5tly dates ! gr\p %ortly aft] ,gelo's dea? 9 #dgh ,b4 ,c4#aieh ,he ref]s x to ,glaukias ( ,aeg9a1 :ile ,j\b9#aiei classes ! ,*>iote] z an ,attic "w4 ,h[ev]1 ! :ole subject ( ,greek sculpture 9 ! ye>s j aft] ! ,p]sian w> p]iod is too complicat$ to "n def9itely ! arti/ ( ?is simple & sev]e "w4 ,its defici5cies are z app>5t z its virtues4 ,?us ! p>allel folds ( ! *iton %[ little ( ! =m b5ea?2 ! feet are too flatly plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & ! cont\r ( ! head & face is n altoge!r graceful4#aifj ,:atev] ! orig9al purpose ( ! gr\p 01 x may well h be5 us$ by ,polyzalos to honor ! ,py?ian victory ( 8 bro!r ,hi]o4#aifa ,f x1 !n1 we c get1 p]haps1 an idea ( ! magnific5ce ( ,hi]o's monum5t by ,onatas & ,kalamis at ,olympia4 ,,d$ications ,,( ,,victors ,,9 ,,! ,,horse-,,race ,,at ,,olympia ,,& ,,else:]e4 ,! hippic victor at ,olympia frequ5tly d$icat$ m]ely ! model ( 8 victori\s horse )\t ! jockey1 j z ! e>ly *>iot victor d$icat$ a *>iot )\t ! *>iote]4 ,we h evid5ce ( sev]al in/ances ( ?is cu/om f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 on4 ,krokon ( ,eretria d$icat$ a small horse ( bronze 9 ! ,altis4#aifb ,! ,cor9?ian ,pheidolas d$icat$ a model ( 8 horse alone1 b = a diff]5t reason4#aifc ,! jockey :o rode = him fell (f at ! />t1 b ! m>e1 nam$ ,aura1 cont9u$ ! race & rea*$ ! goal z victor4 ,! own] 0 all[$ by ! judges to set up a monum5t to h]4 ,! sons ( ,pheidolas 7 also victors 9 ! horse-race#aifd & set up a horse on a column ) an epigram ^u x-- ' 4 ,j h[ ?is monum5t look$ is d\btful4 ,pausanias may h se5 ! bronze horse ( ! fa!r ,pheidolas1 & ne>by a column ) a bas-relief repres5t+ ! horse ( ! sons2#aife or ! horse may h /ood on top ( ! column 9 ! r\nd1 s9ce ! epigram 0 ' 7on ! horse7 & n ' 7on ! /ele74#aiff ,m frequ5tly a jockey 0 seat$ ^u ! model ( ! horse1 j z we see frequ5tly on vase-pa9t+s4 ,9 ! ,olympic monum5t ( ,k+ ,hi]o already m5tion$1 race-horses ) boys seat$ ^u !m /ood on ei!r side ( ! *>iot 9 honor ( 8 two victories 9 ! horse-race & "o 9 ! *>iot-race4#aifg ,ano!r ,olympia gr\p repres5t$ ! boy horse-rac] ,aigyptos on horseback1 & 8 fa!r1 ! *>iot victor ,timon1 /&+ beside him4#aifh ,?is is also a case 9 :i* ! victor 7,aigyptos7 act$ z 8 own jockey4 ,9 ! gr\p repres5t+ ,x5ombrotos ( ,kos1 ! horse-rac]1 & 8 son1 ! boy box] ,x5odikos1 by ! ,aeg9etan ,philotimos & ! ,*ian ,pantias respectively1 ! boy 0 seat$ on a horse & ! /atue ( ! fa!r /ood ne>by4#aifi ,! base ( ?is gr\p has be5 recov]$1 l>ge en\gh to h c>ri$ ! two monum5ts4#aigj ,pl9y says t ! sculptors ,kana*os & ,hegias made gr\ps ( horse-rac]s4#aiga ,we h se5 t ,pausanias m5tions o!rs by ,kalamis & ,daidalos4 ,! "w ( ,kalamis1 ! imm$iate pr$ecessor ( ,pheidias1 an arti/ not$ = 8 grace & s(tness & z an unrival$ sculptor ( horses1#aigb mu/ h be5 excell5t4 ,,monum5ts ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,horse-,,race4 ,:5 we turn to ! monum5ts :i* illu/rate ! horse-race1 we f9d z v>i$ a numb]--vase-pa9t+s1 reliefs1 co9s1 /atu>y1 etc4--z 9 ! case ( *>iot victors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--;,horse-,rac]4 ,f a ,six?-,c5tury ,b4 ,c4 b4-f4 ,pana!naic ,vase4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,vase-pa9t+s %[ t ! jockey 0 g5]ally nude & rode )\t /irrups or saddle4 ,we see nude long-hair$ jockeys on horseback ) :ips pictur$ on a six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,pana!naic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#aigc ,"o also appe>s on a silv] tetradra*m 9 ! same museum1 :i* commemorates ! ,olympic victory ( ,philip ,,ii ( ,mac$onia4#aigd ,"h ! victori\s m\nt$ jockey has a palm 9 8 h&1 ! symbol ( 8 victory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! jockey is sometimes repres5t$ z we>+ a close-fitt+ %ort-sleev$ *iton4 ,we see su* a "o on an ar*aic b4-f4 ,pana!naic vase ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #fg74aige ,9 front ( ! m\nt$ y\? on ?is vase /&s a h]ald 9 (ficial robes1 f ^: m\? issue ! words 8! horse ( ,dyneiketos is victori\s40 ,beh9d ! jockey is an att5dant be>+ a wrea? 9 8 left h& & hold+ a prize tripod ov] 8 head4 ,! %ort *iton also appe>s on a horse-rac] on ! ,amphi>aos vase4#aigf ,we see rac+ boys on a proto-,cor9?ian leky?os 9 ! museum at ,t>anto1 ) tripods z prizes4#aigg ,a f9e example ( five nude horse-rac]s also appe>s on a vase pictur$ 9 ! ,d>emb]g-,saglio ,diction>y4#aigh ,"h "o has fall5 f 8 horse & is be+ dragg$ by ! bridle4 ,a boy on a gallop+ horse is %[n on a t]ra-cotta relief f ,!ra4#aigi ,on a fun]>y m>ble relief f ,sicily1 n[ 9 ! ,museo ,gregoriano1 ,rome1 a rid] is repres5t$ urg+ 8 horse on ) a :ip4#aihj ,an ,a!nian relief %[s victori\s ephebes lead+ horses1#aiha :ile ano!r f ,a!ns %[s a m\nt$ boy4#aihb ,horsem5 repres5t+ ,a!nian knights appe> on _m slabs ( ! ,p>!non frieze1#aihc ei!r m\nt$ or /&+ by _! horses4 ,! inscrib$ base ( ,onatas f\nd on ! ,akropolis seems to h borne ! /atue ( a horse-rac]4#aihd ,! bronze /atue ( ,isokrates at ,a!ns1 :i* repres5t$ him z a 1 is m5tion$ by ! pseudo-,plut>*4#aihe ,a bronze /atuette 9 ,a!ns f ,dodona repres5ts an ephebe on a gallop+ horse4#aihf ,a /atue 9 ! ,palazzo ,orl&i 9 ,flor5ce repres5ts a horse-rid]4#aihg ,9 ! ,akropolis ,museum !re are two monum5ts :i* we %\ld m5tion 9 ?is connection4 ,"o is ! l[] "p ( ! /atue ( a nude rid] on horseback1 ! mutilat$ horse be+ repres5t$ z paw+ ! gr\nd ) its =efoot4 ,closely resembl+ x 9 scale & f9i%1 ?\gh m develop$ 9 /yle1 is ano!r fragm5t>y /atue ( a horse )\t a rid]1 ! latt] probably to be und]/ood z /&+ 9 front ( ! horse1 z 9 "s ( ! rid]s pictur$ on ! ,p>!non frieze4 ,! two are good examples ( pre-,p]sian ,attic sculpture4#aihh ,a lat] example is ! small bronze /atuette ( an ephebe repres5t$ z a horseman 7! horse is lack+7 discov]$ rec5tly at ! ,fr5* excavations at ,volubilis 9 ,morocco4 ,?is almo/ p]fectly pres]v$ "w has be5 ref]r$ to ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#aihi ,! position ( ! h&s hold+ ! re9s rem9ds u /rongly ( ! ,delphi ,*>iote] 7,fig4 #ff74 ,! diadem 9 ! hair %[s t a victor is repres5t$4 ,a small bronze /atuette 9 ! ,loeb collection 9 ,muni* repres5ts a boy rid+ a pranc+ horse1 :i* is /&+ on its h9d legs4 ,?is vigor\s1 b poorly f9i%$1 "w is decorative 9 "* & probably once belong$ to ! cr[n ( a c&elabrum4 ,x appe>s to be ei!r an ,etruscan or e>ly ,roman "w bas$ on a ,hell5i/ic orig9al4#aiij ,,! ,,apobates ,,horse-,,race4 ,9 a previ\s section we discuss$ ! apobates *>iot-race run at ! ,pana!naic games 9 ,a!ns1 9 :i* ! apobates leap$ d[n & ran to ! goal abrea/ ( ! *>iot4 ,we %all n[ briefly speak ( a simil> race at ,olympia 7! 7 9 :i* ! rid] leap$ f 8 m>e 9 ! la/ lap & ran ) h] to ! goal4#aiia ,!re is no c]ta9 illu/ration 9 sculpture or on vase-pa9t+s ( ?is race1 b ,g>d9] believes t some?+ l x appe>s on co9s ( ,t>5tum1 on :i* a nude y\?1 arm$ ) a small r\nd %ield1 is repres5t$ 9 ! act ( jump+ f 8 horse4#aiib ,! milit>y "* ( ?is race1 l t ( ! apobates *>iot-race discuss$1 is %[n by ! %ield held 9 ! left h& ( ! dism\nt+ horseman4 ,helbig has %[n t ! ,greek knight ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 0 m]ely a m\nt$ infantryman1 ! successor ( ! ,hom]ic w>rior :o us$ 8 *>iot m]ely = pursuit or flight1 :ile actually fight+ f ! gr\nd4#aiic ,j s ! knight rode to battle on 8 horse1 b dism\nt$ :5 ne> ! enemy1 leav+ ! horse 9 *>ge ( 8 squire1 z ! ,hom]ic *iefta9 left 8 *>iot 9 *>ge ( 8 *>iote]4 ,?is old cu/om ( ! h]oic age surviv$ n only 9 ! ,pana!naic *>iot-race1 b also1 = a few ye>s 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 9 ! ,olympic m>e-race kn[n z ! 4 ,x seems to h be5 in/itut$ !re = milit>y reasons 9 ord] to revive ! old =m ( fight+ t _h gone out ( use j at ! close ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 b x endur$ = only a half c5tury1 f ,ols4 #ga to #hd 7 #dif to #ddd ,b4 ,c474 ,! correspond+ *>iot-race at ,a!ns & else:]e cont9u$ at lea/ to ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,,d$ications ,,( ,,musical ,,victors ,,at ,,olympia ,,& ,,else:]e4 ,9 clos+ ?is *apt] we %all say a few words ab\t monum5ts erect$ to trumpet]s1 h]alds1 & musical victors at ,olympia1 ?\gh su* conte/s _h no?+ to d ) a?letics4 ,conte/s = trumpet]s & h]alds 7 held 9 _m p>ts ( ,greece4#aiid ,!y 7 introduc$ at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #if 7 #cif ,b4 ,c471 :5 ,timaios ( ,elis won z trumpet] & ,krates ( ,elis z h]ald4#aiie ,pausanias m5tions an alt>1 ne> ! entrance to ! /adion1 ^u :i* trumpet]s & h]alds /ood :5 compet+4#aiif ,su* conte/s seem to h be5 m]e displays ( lung p[]4 ,h]odoros1 = example1 :o won z trumpet] at ,olympia t5 times 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! f\r? & beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4#aiig1 c\ld bl[ two trumpets at once s l\d t no "o c\ld /& ne> him4#aiih ,to p]=m su* a feat he 0 said to be a v l>ge man4#aiii ,diog5es1 son ( ,dionysios ( ,ephesos1 won five victories 9 trumpet+ at ,olympia4 ,he 0 twice p]iodonikes & also won _m o!r victories at ! ,i/hmus1 ,nemea1 & else:]e--eighty 9 all4#bjjj ,we h an excell5t bronze /atuette ( a trumpet]1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! ,hi]on ( ,a!na ,*alkioikos at ,sp>ta1 dat+ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ab\t a c5tury & a half be=e ! ev5t 0 introduc$ at ,olympia4#bjja ,?is 8little ma/]piece ( ,sp>tan art10 ^: /yle resembles t ( ! ,olympia p$im5t sculptures1 repres5ts a nude man /&+1 ! left arm hang+ by 8 side1 :ile ! "r is b5t upw>ds to ! m\?1 :]e x held a tubul> object po9t+ upw>ds4 ,s9ce ! lips are tightly compress$1 ,dick9s has int]pret$ ! object z a trumpet4 ,a mu* damag$ bronze /atuette 9 ! ,briti% ,museum repres5ts a man play+ on a long trumpet-%ap$ in/rum5t4#bjjb ,trumpet]s also appe> n[ & !n on r4-f4 ,attic vases ( ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,music victors play$ a great] role at ,delphi ?an else:]e1 s9ce music f ! fir/ 0 ! *ief int]e/ !re4 ,monum5ts to su* victors1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 by little-kn[n arti/s 7 set up !re1 b !y seem to h enjoy$ ! same meagre honor at ,delphi z ! /atues ( a?letic victors4#bjjc ,we h record ( a /atue ( ! ,epizephyrian ,locrian ki?>oidos ,eunomos1 set up 9 8 native t[n 9 honor ( 8 ,py?ian victory ov] ,ari/on ( ,rhegion4 ,timaios says t ?is monum5t %[$ a cicada seat$ on ! s+]'s lyre4#bjjd ,:e!r su* monum5ts at ,delphi or else:]e 7 reg>d$ z victor or votive 9 "*1 we c n say4#bjje ,pausanias m5tions sev]al /atues ( poets & musicians1 mo/ly my?ical1 on ,m\nt ,helikon1 :i* 7 set up p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( victories won !re or else:]e4#bjjf ,( ^! ! /atue ( ! ,?racian or ,odrysian ,?amyris 0 repres5t$ z a bl9d man hold+ a brok5 lyre2#bjjg t ( ,arion ( ,me?ymna z rid+ a dolph92#bjjh t ( ,hesiod1 seat$1 z hold+ a lute on 8 knees2 & t ( ! ,?racian ,orpheus ) ,telete at 8 side & r\nd ab\t bea/s 9 /one & bronze li/5+ to 8 song4 ,( ! /atue ( ! ,argive ,sakadas1 ,pausanias says t ! sculptor1 n und]/&+ ,p9d>'s poem on ! victor1 made ! fluti/ no bigg] ?an ! flute4#bjji ,! epigram on ! /atue ( ! ,sikyonian fluti/ ,bac*iadas1 m5tion$ by ,a!nu z /&+ on ,m\nt ,helikon1#bjaj 0 votive 9 "*4 ,! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ! ki?>oidos ,alkibios has be5 f\nd on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis4#bjaa ,musical conte/s are pictur$ on _m imitation ,pana!naic vases1 & _m ,greek reliefs seem to h be5 set up 9 honor ( su* victors4 ,among ! latt] we might in/ance ! "o 9 ! ,l\vre repres5t+ ,apollo1 ,artemis1 & ,leto1#bjab & ano!r f\nd 9 ,sp>ta 9 #ahhe1 :i* repres5ts ,artemis p\r+ a libation be=e ,apollo4#bjac ,at ,olympia flute-play+ accompani$ c]ta9 ( ! ev5ts ( ! p5ta?lon4 ,pausanias says t ! reason :y ! flute play$ a ,py?ian air :ile ! a?letes jump$ 0 t ?is air 0 sacr$ to ,apollo1 :o _h beat5 ,h]mes 9 runn+ & ,ares 9 box+ at ,olympia4#bjad ,?us on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos a fluti/ 0 repres5t$ z /&+ betwe5 ,admetos & ,mopsos at _! box+ mat*4#bjae ,b ! explanation giv5 by ,philo/ratos seems m s5sible1 t leap+ 0 a difficult conte/1 & t ! flute /imulat$ ! jump]s4#bjaf ,at ,argos1 at ! games 9 honor ( ,zeus 1 wre/l]s cont5d$ to ! tune ( ! flute4#bjag ,_m vase-pa9t+s illu/rate flute-play+ at ! p5ta?lon4#bjah ,at ,olympia only a few monum5ts 7 set up 9 honor ( musical victors1 & ^! seem to h be5 /atues erect$ honoris causa1 in/ead ( prim>ily = victories4 ,an example is t ( ! ,sikyonian fluti/ ,py?okritos1 :o won a victory z 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#bjai ,pausanias says t 8 monum5t 0 t ( a small man ) a flute wr\ght 9 relief on an inscrib$ slab4 ,! explanation ( su* a description probably is t ! size ( ! flute made ! victor appe> small1 j z 9 ! case ( ! monum5t ( ,sakadas j m5tion$4#bjbj ,we "k t arti/s1 poets1 prose writ]s1 musicians1 & actors all _h an audi5ce at ,olympia1 & t /atues 7 (t5 erect$ !re 9 honor ( su* m51 ?\gh ^! are n to be treat$ z victor monum5ts & d n prop]ly fall )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t "w4#bjba ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,two ,,m>ble ,,heads ,,f ,,victor ,,/atues4#bjbb ,,plates #bh-cj ,,& ,,figures #fh-gg4 ,,! ,,gr\p ,,( ,,dao*os ,,at ,,delphi1 ,,& ,,lysippos4 ,if 9 ^! lat] ye>s our k ( ,skopas has be5 greatly augm5t$ by ! discov]y ( ! ,tegea heads 7,fig4 #gc71 t ( ,lysippos has be5 almo/ revolutioniz$4 ,) ! discov]y 9 #ahid at ,delphi ( ! gr\p ( /atues d$icat$ by ! ,!ssalian ,dao*os#bjbc 9 honor ( v>i\s memb]s ( 8 h\se1 ^: dates cov]$ ne>ly two c5turies1#bjbd an entirely new impetus 0 giv5 to ! /udy ( ! la/ ( ! great ,greek sculptors4 ,homolle imm$iately recogniz$ ! f\r?-c5tury orig9 ( ! gr\p1 & at fir/ pron\nc$ ! /atue ( ,agias ,lysippan2#bjbe lat] he saw 9 ! types1 poses1 & proportions ( ! gr\p ! mix$ influ5ces ( ,praxiteles1 ,skopas1 & ,lysippos1 b ref]r$ ! ,agias to ! s*ool ( ,skopas1#bjbf :ile /ill lat] he aga9 pron\nc$ x ,lysippan4#bjbg ,b its true "* 0 n de/9$ to be long 9 d\bt4 ,:5 ,eri* ,preun]#bjbh f\nd almo/ ! same metrical inscription1 :i* 0 on ! base ( ! be/ pres]v$ /atue ( ! gr\p1 t ( ,agias 7,pl4 #bh & ,fig4 #fh71bjbi 9 ! travel+ j\rnal ( ,/ackelb]g1#bjcj copi$ f a base 9 ,ph>salos1 ! ,!ssalian home ( ,dao*os1 ) ! additional in=mation t ,lysippos ( ,sikyon made ! /atue1 our views ( ! "w ( t arti/ _h to und]go a ?or\gh revision4 ,= ?is discov]y br\ght ! ,agias--if n ! o!rs ( ! gr\p--into direct relation to ,lysippos by docum5t>y evid5ce1 :ile ! easily recogniz$ ,lysippan *>act]i/ics ( ! /atue--! sl5d] body & limbs1 ! small head1 ! proportions & pose--confirm$ ?is connection on /yli/ic gr\nds4 ,x became cle> t ,dao*os _h set up a s]ies ( /atues 9 honor ( 8 ance/ors bo? at ,ph>salos & ,delphi4 ,:e!r ! ,!ssalian gr\p 0 ( bronze1 z is g5]ally held1 ow+ to ! widespread belief t ,lysippos work$ only 9 metal1 & ! ,delphian gr\p 0 compos$ ( contempor>y m>ble copies ( ^? orig9als1 w be discuss$ fur!r on4 ,if ! m>ble gr\p 0 a copy1 we may inf] t x reproduc$ ! orig9al /atues1 n me*anically & labori\sly z 0 (t5 ! case 9 ,roman days1 b accurately2 = hav+ employ$ a not$ arti/ 9 ! "o case1 ! d$icator w\ld h desir$ an accurate reproduction ( ! "w 9 ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bh ,/atue ( ! ,pancratia/ ,agias1 f ,delphi4 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,head f ! ,/atue ( ,agias 7,pl4 #bh74 ,museum ( ,delphi4 ,,! ,,apoxyom5os ,,( ,,! ,,vatican1 ,,& ,,lysippos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bi ,/atue ( ! ,apoxyom5os1 aft] ,lysippos or 8 ,s*ool4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,b ano!r /atue1 ! ,apoxyom5os1 ( ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #bi71bjca ev] s9ce its discov]y by ,can9a 9 #ahdi1 _h held ! honor$ place ( be+ reg>d$ z ! c5tre ( ! /yli/ic treatm5t ( ,lysippos4 ,seldom has ! discov]y ( a ,roman copy ( a ,greek orig9al prov$ s important = ! /udy ( anci5t sculpture z ?is a?lete /atue1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 an appropriate place1 9 ! ru9s ( a build+1 :i* almo/ c]ta9ly 0 a ,roman ba?4 ,despite unimportant re/orations1 ! /atue is well pres]v$4 ,! f+]s ( ! "r h& hold+ ! die 7 wrongly re/or$ by ! sculptor ,t5]ani at ! sugge/ion ( ,can9a :o wrongly int]pret$ ! passage 9 ,pl9y 7,,xxxiv1 #ee71 :i* ref]s to two works by ,polykleitos1 de/r+5tem se et nudum talo incess5tem1 z mean+ "o & ! same monum5t4#bjcb ,?is slightly ov] life-size /atue repres5ts a nude a?lete1 :o is /&+ ) legs f> ap>t1 employ$ 9 scrap+ ! s& & oil f 8 ext5d$ "r arm ) a /rigil held 9 ! left h&4 ,?is1 z we saw 9 ,*apt] ,,iii1 0 a common pal/ra motive4#bjcc ,despite c]ta9 portrait-l features1 ?is /atue may n repres5t an individual victor1 b1 l ,myron's great "w1 an a?letic model4 ,! words ( ,pl9y1#bjcd :i* m5tion "o ( ! be/-kn[n works ( ,lysippos 9 antiquity--x heads ! li/ 9 8 acc\nt ( ! sculptor--z an a?lete de/r+5tem se1 & 8 /atem5t 9 ano!r passage#bjce t ,lysippos introduc$ a new canon into art capita m9ora faci5do quam antiqui1 corpora graciliora siccioraque1 p] quae proc]itas signorum major vid]etur1 i4 e41 a canon ( bodily proportions ess5tially diff]5t f t ( ,polykleitos1 seem$ to h _! be/ illu/ration 9 ! sl5d] & graceful body & limbs1 & noticeably small head ( ?is /atue4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ?\gh admitt$ly a ,roman "w1 long reg>d$ z a direct copy ( ! ,lysippan orig9al1 & z fai?fully repres5t+ 8 /yle 9 e detail4#bjcf ,su* a view1 ( c\rse1 0 f\nd$ entirely on circum/antial evid5ce1 & c\ld n survive any positive evid5ce to ! contr>y :i* might come to light 9 ! future4 ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 9 speak+ ( ! insuffici5t evid5ce on :i* ! ,apoxyom5os _h be5 accept$ z ! key to ,lysippan /yle1 rightly rem>ks3 8,x is m sci5tific1 until we acquire docum5t>y evid5ce ( excell5t "*1 to classify our extant examples ( anci5t art z repres5t+ t5d5cies r ?an m540#bjcg ,! ,lysippan "* ( ! ,vatican /atue _h n be5 s]i\sly attack$ until ! discov]y ( ! ,agias4 ,its orig9al 0 c]ta9ly a "w wor?y ( ,lysippos4 ,its rhy?m1 proportions1 & f9e model+ h receiv$ praise ( connoisseurs ev] s9ce its discov]y4 ,its difficult pose _h be5 rem>kably well execut$4 ,:ile appe>+ at re/1 ! /atue sugge/s vigor\s action bo? by its supple limbs & ! suppress$ excitem5t indicat$ by ! p>tly op5$ lips1 an excitem5t befitt+ a victori\s a?lete4 ,p]haps x 0 ! difficulty ( su* a pose t be/ expla9s :y ! ,apoxyom5os has left no o!r copy4#bjch ,! v excell5ce ( ! ,vatican /atue prejudic$ u 9 favor ( reg>d+ x z an illu/ration ( ,lysippos' ideal ( bodily proportions4 ,b we really knew v little ( ! orig9al ,apoxyom5os1 only :at we ga!r$ f ,pl9y1 t ,lysippos made su* a /atue & t x 0 c>ri$ to ,rome by ,m4 ,agrippa & 0 set up 9 front ( 8 ,!rm1 :5ce x 0 remov$ by ! enamor$ ,tib]ius to 8 b$-*amb]1 only to be re/or$ :5 ! populace remon/rat$4 ,z = ! proportions ( ! suppos$ copy 9 "q1 !y only prove t ?is /atue goes back to an orig9al :i* 0 n e>li] ?an ,lysippos1 b n t x 0 by ! ma/] himself4#bjci ,! discov]y ( ! ,agias %[$ u at la/ on :at sl5d] f\ndations our !ory _h be5 built4 ,despite c]ta9 well-m>k$ simil>ities 9 ! pose1 proportions1 & relatively small head--*>act]i/ics :i* 7 n ev5 exclusively ,lysippan1 s9ce !y are j z prom95t 9 c]ta9 o!r works1 e4 g41 9 ! w>riors ( ! ,mausoleion frieze--betwe5 ! ,agias & ! ,apoxyom5os1 nev]!less j z /rik+ diff]5ces appe>1 :i* make x difficult to keep bo? /atues z examples ( ! arti/ic t5d5cy ( "o & ! same arti/1 ev5 if we %\ld assign !m to diff]5t p]iods ( 8 c>e]4 ,,! ,,agias ,,& ,,! ,,apoxyom5os ,,comp>$1 ,,& ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,lysippos4 ,^! diff]5ces are mo/ app>5t 9 ! surface model+ & facial expression ( ! two works4 ,9 ! ,agias ! muscles are n ov]-emphasiz$ 9 detail1 b %[ ! simple obs]vation ( nature *>act]i/ic ( arti/s :o work$ be=e ! sci5tific /udy ( anatomy at ! ,museum ( ,alex&ria _h react$ ^u sculpture4 ,9 ! ,apoxyom5os1 on ! o!r h&1 we see an int5tional display ( ! new le>n+ 9 ! labor$ & detail$ treatm5t ( ! muscles1 :i* disclose a k ( anatomy unkn[n be=e ! ,hell5i/ic age4 ,?is academic treatm5t1 culm9at+ lat] 9 su* reali/ic works z ! ,laocon & ! ,f>nese ,h]akles1 c h>dly h ant$at$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 anatomy 0 /udi$ by ! physicians ,h]ophilos & ,erasi/ratos1 a date aft] ! close ( ! activity ( ,lysippos4 ,we see no trace ( ?is influ5ce 9 ! ,agias4 ,moreov]1 ! face ( ! latt] discloses ! int5se expression1 :i* is else:]e se5 only 9 works suppos$ to be by1 or influ5c$ by1 ,skopas1 :i* recalls :at ,plut>*#bjdj said ( ,lysippos' portraits ( ,alex&]1 t !y reproduc$ 8 mascul9e & leon9e air 7 72 = a comp>ison ( ?is face ) t ( ! ,apoxyom5os1 :i* exhibits ! lifelessness & lack ( expression s *>act]i/ic ( _m e>ly ,hell5i/ic works1 makes x /ill m evid5t t we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ assum+ t bo? works are repres5tative ( ! same sculptor4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ces 9 physical type & arti/ic execution betwe5 ! two /atues h be5 well summ>iz$ by ,k4 ,t4 ,fro/ 9 a lett] publi%$ by ,pr(4 ,p]cy ,g>dn] 9 ! latt]'s treatm5t ( ! same subject4#bjda ,aft] a c>eful analysis ( ^! diff]5ces1 ,fro/ closes by say+3 8,x is difficult to believe t ! two /atues repres5t works by ! same arti/2 x is n only ! type ( man1 b ! way 9 :i* t type is express$ :i* =ms ! contra/40 ,he comp>es ! ,apoxyom5os ) ! ,borghese ,w>rior 7,fig4 #dc7 z true products ( ! ,hell5i/ic age4 ,:5 we consid] ^! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two /atues1 we see t our judgm5t ( ,lysippan art mu/ dep5d on h[ we int]pret !m4 ,we may ei!r flatly reject ! ,apoxyom5os & put ! ,agias 9 its place z repres5t+ ! norm ( ,lysippan art1 or keep ! ,apoxyom5os & reject ! ,agias z evid5ce2 or la/ly we may keep bo? z *>act]i/ic works ( two diff]5t p]iods 9 ! arti/ic c>e] ( ,lysippos1 expla9+ ! diff]5ces z ! result ( influ5ce or ( ! lapse ( ye>s4 ,a rec5t writ]1 to be sure1 has cut ! ,gordian knot by reject+ bo? /atues1 & plac+ ! ,apoxyom5os ( ! ,uffizi--:i* we h treat$ at l5g? 9 a prec$+ *apt] 7,pl4 #ab7--;z ! key to our k ( ! art ( ,lysippos4#bjdb ,b su* a solution ( ! problem raises ev5 m difficulties4 ,long be=e ! ,agias came to light "s critics1 inde$1 _h d\bt$ :e!r ! ,apoxyom5os really repres5t$ ! "w ( ,lysippos1 z its ,hell5i/ic "* seem$ evid5t4 ,?us1 9 #ahgg1 ,ulri* ,koehl]1#bjdc foll[+ a /ill e>li] judgm5t1#bjdd _h come to ! conclusion t ! ,vatican /atue 0 only a free reproduction ( ,lysippos' ma/]piece & attribut$ its ,hell5i/ic *>act]i/ics to ! ,roman copyi/2 b ev5 yet ! s*ool :i* long recogniz$ ! ,apoxyom5os z ! norm ( ,lysippos has its support]s1#bjde ?\gh _m ar*ologi/s h n[ supplant$ ! ,apoxyom5os by ! ,agias4#bjdf ,o!rs1 n will+ to r5\nce ! ,apoxyom5os z evid5ce1 accept bo? x & ! ,agias z *>act]i/ic works ( ! ma/]1 appeal+ to ! l5g? ( 8 c>e] to expla9 ! diff]5ces1 & sugge/+ t 9 8 y\? ,lysippos 0 "u ! influ5ce ( ,skopas1 b lat] 9 life atta9$ indep5d5ce1 & foll[$ a m anatomical r5d]+ = 8 a?lete /atues4#bjdg ,h[ev]1 despite ! fact t o!r arti/s mu/ h influ5c$ ,lysippos1#bjdh ! ,agias c n be %[n to be a y\?ful "w ( 81 nor c ! special influ5ce ( ,skopas be %[n to h be5 t ( ma/] on pupil1 b r ( "o great ma/] on ano!r & equally great contempor>y4 ,! difficulty ab\t p5etrat+ ! obscurity surr\nd+ ,lysippos comes l>gely f ! fact t he borr[$ traits f sev]al ( 8 pr$ecessors & contempor>ies4 ,! influ5ce ( ,polykleitos1 ,skopas1 & ,praxiteles1 & especially ( ! la/ two1 z ,homolle emphasiz$ 9 8 /udy ( ! ,dao*os gr\p1#bjdi c be c]ta9ly trac$ 9 ! ,agias4 ,frule9 ,bieb]1 9 a rec5t article1#bjej :ile d5y+ t ,lysippos _h any?+ to d ) ! ,delphian gr\p1 tries to prove t "o figure 9 x %[s ! influ5ce ( ,praxiteles1 ano!r t ( ,polykleitos1 & a ?ird t ( ,skopas4 ,%e believes t ! sculptor ( ! ,agias _h se5 ! orig9al bronze /atue1 ! "w ( ,lysippos1 :i* /ood 9 ,ph>salos4 ,h[ev]1 we may leave any su* conclusion to "o side1 & judge betwe5 ! ,agias & ! ,apoxyom5os solely on ! m]its ( ! two /atues4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 !m appe> to u too great to be reconcil$ on any su* pr9ciples z ^? j rehe>s$1 = _! /yle & te*nique seem to repres5t two di/9ct p]iods ( art4 ,if "o is to be reject$1 ! connection ( ! ,agias ) ,lysippos c]ta9ly re/s on bett] evid5ce ?an does ! ,apoxyom5os4 ,by sep>at+ !m completely1 x is possible bo? to assign to ,lysippos ! e>ly date :i* o!r evid5ce po9ts to1 & to remove ! ,apoxyom5os entirely f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ?us expla9+ its lat] model+1 comp>atively expressionless features1 body-build 7:i* %[s ! use ( ?ree planes1 in/ead ( two71 & o!r ,hell5i/ic details4 ,we %\ld1 !n1 see 9 its orig9al a "w n by ,lysippos at all1 b by "s pupil or lat] memb] ( 8 s*ool1 a "w reta9+ m]ely traces ( ! /yle ( ! ma/]4 ,9 ?us elim9at+ ! ,apoxyom5os we are ju/ifi$ 9 foll[+ ,homolle's lead 9 assign+ ! /atue ( ,agias to ,lysippos1 9 spite ( argum5ts :i* h be5 adduc$ aga9/ attribut+ x to ,lysippos & 9 spite ( rec5t criticism ( ! inscriptions ( ! ,delphian bases1 by :i* ,wolt]s tries to prove t ! inscription on ! base ( ! /atue ( ,agias1 & consequ5tly ! ,agias itself1 ant$ate ! inscription & d$ication at ,ph>salos4#bjea ,we may1 !re=e1 until fur!r discov]ies prove ! contr>y1 consid] x z ! c5tre ( our treatm5t ( t sculptor4 ,:e!r ! ,apoxyom5os is to be expla9$ z emanat+ f ! imm$iate environm5t ( ,lysippos1 or is to be reg>d$ z a "w illu/rat+ ! la/ phase ( 8 developm5t1 or ! innovation ( ano!r ma/]--9 any case x seems to u cle>ly to belong to an age ess5tially diff]5t f t :i* conceiv$ ! ,agias4#bjeb ,z ! ,agias is a /atue ( a victor 9 ! pankration1 we c le>n f x h[ ,lysippos repres5t$ su* an a?lete4 ,9 giv+ up ! ,apoxyom5os1 we mu/ also give up /atues ( a?letes :i* h hi!rto be5 assign$ to ,lysippos on ! basis ( _! resemblance to x1 & ! future ascription ( /atues ( ?is class mu/ be bas$ on /yli/ic resemblances to ! /atue ( ,agias4 ,?us1 = example1 we %\ld give up ! /atue ( a y\? 9 ,b]l91 & ! two /atues ( a?letes repres5t$ 9 lung+ attitudes 9 ,dresd51 :i* ,furtwa5gl]1 on ! basis ( ! ,apoxyom5os1 believ$ 7 copies ( orig9als by ,lysippos1#bjec & ! ,roman male head 9 ,tur91 publi%$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,b4 ,wace1#bjed ^: orig9al is some:at lat] ?an t ( ! ,apoxyom5os4 ,on ! basis ( ! ,agias1 on ! o!r h&1 we may reg>d z ,lysippan ! /atue ( an a?lete 9 ,cop5hag51#bjee & p]haps ! ,p>ian m>ble /atue ( an a?lete f ! ,palazzo ,f>nese n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#bjef ) copies 9 ,p>is & ,rome4#bjeg ,?is latt] /atue ,furtwa5gl] ascrib$ to ! s*ool ( ,kalamis ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 on acc\nt ( ! simil>ity ( its /yle to t ( ! ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 7,fig4 #g;,b7 & ( its motive to t ( ! ,lansd[ne ,h]akles 7,fig4 #ga & ,pl4 #cj72 h[ev]1 ,a4 ,h4 ,smi? f9ds x v simil> to ! ,agias1 & s rightly ref]s x to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,,! ,,head ,,f ,,olympia4 ,impress$ by its rem>kable lik5ess to ! head ( ! ,agias1 ,i haz>d$ ! op9ion "s ye>s ago1#bjeh t ! mu* discuss$ ,p5telic m>ble head f ,olympia 7,frontispiece & ,figure #fi7bjei 0 ,lysippan1 & attempt$ to br+ x into relation ) ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/ 7^: "n ,i re/or$ z ,phil&ridas71 :i* ,pausanias#bjfj says 0 ! "w ( ,lysippos4 ,s9ce !n1 aft] a c>eful revision ( ! evid5ce1 ?is e>li] op9ion has become conviction1 & ,i n[ h no hesitancy 9 express+ ! belief t 9 ?is vigor\s m>ble head we h to d ) an orig9al "w by ,lysippos himself4 ,x w be our task briefly to rehe>se ! reasons = mak+ su* an ascription1 despite ! s]i\s & weighty objections :i* might be rais$ aga9/ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--,m>ble ,head1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,at fir/ ?is head 0 ascrib$ ) surpris+ unanimity to ! s*ool ( ,praxiteles1#bjfa & subsequ5tly1 aft] ! discov]y ( ! ,tegea heads1 ) almo/ equal unanimity to t ( ,skopas4 ,treu1 :o fir/ publi%$ ! head1#bjfb po9t$ out its ne> relation%ip to ! ,h]mes ( ,praxiteles1 :i* appe>$ to him to be obvi\s1 not)/&+ ! injur$ condition ( ! *91 nose1 m\?1 & br[s4 ,he f\nd ! g5]al proportions1 ! %ape ( ! cranium & =ehead1 & ! =m ( ! *eeks & m\? ! same 9 bo?1 :ile ! diff]5ces1 su* z ! deep] cut & wid] op5$ eyes ) _! expression1 ! hair1 & ! fact t ! head is h>d]1 lean]1 & boni] ?an t ( ! ,h]mes1 7 all expla9$ by ! diff]5t "* giv5 to ! /atue ( a victor or ,h]akles4 ,_m o!r ar*ologi/s1 z ,boetti*]1#bjfc ,lal\x & ,monceaux1#bjfd & ,furtwa5gl]1#bjfe h also se5 sure signs ( ! h& ( ,praxiteles or 8 s*ool 9 ! graceful attitude1 delicate *isel+1 & f9i% ( ! "w4 ,/ill o!rs1#bjff h[ev]1 f\nd e *>act]i/ic ( ,skopas 9 ?is head4 ,ev5 ,treu 9 8 lat] treatm5t ( ! head f\nd x m ,skopaic ?an ,praxitelian1 & yet1 by a c>eful analysis1#bjfg he conclusively %[$ t ! =mation ( ! eyes1 ! op5+ ( ! m\?1 & ! treatm5t ( ! hair 7 s diff]5t 9 ! heads f ,tegea 7& especially 9 t ( ! ,h]akles1 ,fig4 #gc7 z to preclude ! possibility ( assign+ !m & ! head f ,olympia to ! same sculptor1 & s decl>$ = "s indep5d5t sculptor among ! contempor>ies ( ,skopas4 ,h[ev]1 he did n see ,lysippos 9 ?is alli$ b indep5d5t arti/1 ?\gh he admitt$ ! resemblance ( ! head 9 "q to t ( ! ,agias1 z also ,homolle1#bjfh ,mahl]1#bjfi & o!r critics h done4 ,,! ,,olympia ,,head ,,& ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,agias4 ,a detail$ comp>ison ( ?is head ) t ( ! ,agias w %[ :]e9 ! wond]ful resemblance--s /rik+ at fir/ glance--consi/s & w disclose its ,lysippan "*4 ,nei!r head is a portrait1 nor ev5 individualiz$2 ! ,agias c\ld be no portrait1 = ,agias 0 ! great-gr&fa!r ( ,dao*os1 :o enli/$ ! s]vices ( 8 contempor>y ,lysippos 9 erect+ 8 /atue1 & he won 8 victory 9 ! pankration m ?an a c5tury be=e ?is /atue 0 set up4#bjgj ,a glance at ! head f ,olympia also cle>ly discloses its ideal "*2 = x is no portrait ( ,phil&ridas1 b ! victor ' 9 ! pankration4 ,! small head ( ! ,agias--"u life-size--fir/ arre/s att5tion z ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole /atue & 7tak5 ) ! o!r proportions ( ! body7 z ! *ief m>k ( its ,lysippan orig94 ,z ,homolle says1 x is n t small heads are n f\nd outside ! s*ool ( ,lysippos or be=e 8 day--= ,myron c furni% examples ( !m--b x is only ) ,lysippos & aft] him t we see a consci\s int5tion ( hav+ ! proportions ?us r$uc$4 ,n[ ! head f ,olympia is also less ?an life-size1#bjga b z ! head alone is pres]v$1 we c only assume t ! proportions x bore to ! body 7 simil> to ^? we see 9 ! /atue ( ,agias4 ,! con=mation ( ! crania ( bo? is1 z 9 ,attic works1 r\nd1 ) small1 only slightly project+ occiputs1 z oppos$ to ! squ>5ess ( ,polykleitan heads1 :i* are long] f front to back & flatt] on top--%[+ h[ ,lysippos 9 ?is respect dep>t$ f ! creator ( ! ,doryphoros4 ,?is cranial con=mation is almo/ id5tical 9 ! two heads1 z is cle>ly %[n 9 ,fig4 #gj1 :]e "o is drawn 9 pr(ile ov] ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,pr(ile ,draw+s ( ! ,heads ( ! ,agias & ! ,phil&ridas4 ,! head ( ! ,agias is turn$ slightly upw>d & to ! left4 ,treu f\nd traces ( ! use ( a file on ! back ( ! neck ( ! head f ,olympia1 :i* %[ f _! position1 :at also 0 cle> f ! muscles ( ! ?roat1 t ?is head also 0 incl9$ some:at to ! left & upw>d1 possibly m ?an t ( ! ,agias4 ,! outl9es ( ! face--lean & bony 9 bo?--are oval1 9 ! head f ,olympia some:at broad]1 r\nd]1 & fle%i] t[>d ! *94 ,9 bo? ! =ehead is rem>kably l[1 ) a l[ depression or crease 9 ! middle1 & ) a prom95tly project+ sup]cili>y arcade1 :i* breaks ! cont9u\s l9e f =ehead to nose v p]ceptibly4 ,?is l9e is concave above & bel[1 b convex at ! projection itself1 ?\gh ?is is less prom95t 9 ! ,agias4 ,! p[]ful fram+ ( ! eyes1 :i* are deep-set & ?r[n into heavy %ad[s by ! project+ bony /ructure ( ! br[s & ! ov]hang+ masses ( fle%1 ! eyeballs slightly rais$ & pe]+ eag]ly into ! f> di/ance1 ! slight upw>d incl9ation ( ! head1 & ! prom95t =ehead drawn toge!r1 all comb9e to give bo? heads 7?\gh "y & vigor\s7 a p5sive1 ev5 a sad look ( h]oic dignity1 a look seem+ly ( "o :o takes no joy nor pleasure 9 victory1 ?\gh x is n m\rnful4 ,?is humid & p5sive expression 0 d\btless a *>act]i/ic ( works ( ,lysippos--x 01 z we "k1 pres5t 9 8 portraits ( ,alex&]--b he did n treat x ) z great int5sity z did ,skopas4 ,! eyeballs 9 bo? heads are /rongly ar*$1 ?\gh ! inn] angles are n s deep z 9 ,skopaic heads2 ! rais$ upp] lids =m a symmetrically n>r[ & %>ply def9$ bord] ov] ! eyeball1 & 9 nei!r head is ?is lid cov]$ by a fold ( sk9 at ! out] corn]s1 z 9 ! ,tegea heads2 ! mass ( fle% at ! out] corn]s is heavi] 9 ! head f ,olympia1 & ! expression ( ! eyes is m free & defiant ?an 9 ! m m$itative ,agias4 ,9 bo?1 ! *eek bones are high & prom95t4 ,! elegant cont\r ( ! lips ( ! ,agias is :olly want+ 9 ! head f ,olympia1 9 :i* ! lips are brok5 (f1 l ! nose & ! *91 b x is cle> t ! lips 7 slightly p>t$1 j %[+ ! tee?--n1 h[ev]1 z 9 ! ,tegea examples1 z if ! brea? 7 be+ drawn ) great ef=t4 ,! look ( p5siv5ess is also increas$ by ! op5 lips4 ,! cont\r ( ! jawbone is n s visible z 9 ! ,agias1 :]e x is cle>ly disc]nible b5ea? ! closely drawn sk91 giv+ ! face a look ( great] leanness1 z ( an a?lete 9 p]fect tra9+4 ,9 bo? heads ! swoll5 & batt]$ e>s1 ?\gh small1 are prom95t1 & 9 bo? ! hair is closely cropp$1 z becomes ! a?lete4 ,! hair ( ! ,agias does n %[ s mu* expression z is display$ 9 t ( "s ,lysippan heads1 nor ! f9e detail we %\ld expect f ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,lysippos made improvem5ts 9 ! r5d]+ ( ! hair#bjgb--;= x is 9 great measure only sket*$ out4 ,9 ,lysippan portraits ( ,alex&] ! hair is g5]ally expressively treat$1 & ?is is (t5 ! case 9 e>ly ,hell5i/ic heads4#bjgc ,h[ev]1 we %\ld n expect an elaborate treatm5t ( ! hair 9 ! /atue ( a pancratia/4 ,! head f ,olympia also %[s great simplicity 9 ?is reg>d4 ,z 9 ,skopaic heads1 ! hair is fa%ion$ into little r+lets ruffl$ /raight up f ! =ehead 9 flat relief1 b "h ! curls are %ort] & m t5se4 ,x cov]s ! temples & surr\nds ! e>s z 9 ! ,agias1 b x is n1 z !re1 b\nd$ by a r\nd1 float+ l9e across ! =ehead1 nor divid$ into little tufts model$ 9 relief radiat+ 9 conc5tric circles f ! top ( ! head4 ,:ile lack+ 9 detail1 ! hair ( ! ,agias is treat$ c>efully1 & ) ! greate/ v>iety4 ,n>r[ b&s1 p]haps ! insignia ( victory1 despite _! small size1 encircle bo? heads2 9 ! ,agias ! b& is dext]\sly us$ to height5 ! effect ( v>iety 9 ! hair by alt]nately flatt5+ & swell+ x "h & !re4 ,9 nei!r head is !re any sign ( ! use ( ! drill to "w out ! tufts ( ! hair2 only ! *isel 0 us$4#bjgd ,f9ally1 ! :ole expression ( ^! two ideal heads is "o ( =ce & en]gy1 ( h]oic dignity temp]$ by p5siv5ess & pa?os1 :i* is1 9 ! head f ,olympia at lea/1 ev5 a little dramatic4 ,bo? heads1 :ile ideal1 %[ close obs]vation ( nature 9 model+ & expression2 & bo? %[ ! pr$ilection ( ,lysippos = types 9 :i* =ce & en]gy pr$om9ate1 & 8 indiff]5ce to ! s(t] & m delicate types ( manly beauty s *>act]i/ic ( 8 contempor>y1 ,praxiteles4 ,9 ! =ego+ comp>ison1 we h tacitly assum$ t ?is m>ble head is f an a?lete /atue1 &1 moreov]1 t x1 z ! ,agias1 repres5ts a victor 9 ! pankration1 ?\gh _m h se5 9 x ! repres5tation n ( a victor1 b ( a y\?ful ,h]akles4#bjge ,! swoll5 e>s & ! b& 9 ! hair might pass equally well = ei!r1 j z ! fact t x 0 une>!d ne> ! ru9s ( ! ,great ,gymnasion 7if x 7 necess>y to assume t ! /atue once /ood !re7 might be adduc$ z evid5ce = ei!r int]pretation2 = /atues ( a?letes z well z ^? ( ,h]akles & ,h]mes 7z we h %[n 9 ,*4 ,,ii7#bjgf adorn$ pal/r & gymnasia4 ,t ! head is ( m>ble & slightly "u life-size seems to l5d "s support also to ! belief t x is a fragm5t ( a /atue ( ,h]akles1 on ! assumption t /atues ( victors 9 ! ,altis 7 uni=mly ( bronze1 an assumption1 h[ev]1 n support$ by ! facts1 z w be %[n 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,s "s h se5 ! h]oic features ( ! y\?ful h]o 9 ! ( ! eyes1 ! en]getic =ehead1 closely cropp$ hair1 muscul> neck1 & almo/ *all5g+ incl9ation ( ! head seem+ly correspond+ ) an en]getic rais+ ( ! left %\ld]4#bjgg ,9 ,*apt] ,,iii we saw t swoll5 e>s 7 ( little use 9 det]m9+ :e!r a giv5 head belongs to ! /atue ( a victor or to "o ( ,h]akles1 s9ce !y =m$ no p]sonal *>act]i/ic1 b only a pr(essional "o common to a?letes & to gods1 if ^! latt] 7 conc]n$ ) a?letics4#bjgh ,:]e p]sonal attributes are abs5t1 x is (t5 difficult1 !re=e1 to det]m9e :e!r an ideal a?lete or ,h]akles is int5d$1 = x may be ! h]o 9 ! guise ( ! a?lete1 or an a?lete 9 ! guise ( ! h]o4 ,! head "u discussion1 !n1 may furni% m]ely ano!r illu/ration ( ! process ( assimilation ( type :i* we h already discuss$4 ,?us x is n surpris+ t "s h reg>d$ ?is head z t ( a y\?ful ,h]akles4 ,yet su* a view is wrong2 =1 ap>t f all consid]ations :i* we %all adduce to id5tify x ) ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( di/+ui%+ attributes1 if we comp>e x ) ano!r ,lysippan head f a /atue g5]ally recogniz$ z t ( a ,h]akles--! fam\s ,p5telic m>ble "o 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london 7,pl4 #cj & ,fig4 #ga71bjgi :i* ,mi*aelis long ago *>act]iz$ z 8unmi/akably 9 ! _s ( ,lysippos0--we c see h[ fundam5tally diff]5t is ! :ole spiritual conception ( ! two1 & h[ diff]5tly an a?lete 7ev5 if highly idealiz$7 & a h]o are treat$ by ! same sculptor4 ,if we once recognize a victor 9 ! head f ,olympia1 !n ! swoll5 e>s1 ! fi]ce1 b>b>\s look ( ! eyes1 & ! half-pa9ful expression ( ! m\?1 all concur 9 conv9c+ u t we "h h to d ) a victor 9 box+ or ! pankration1 ! two mo/ brutal & dang]\s conte/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,head ( ! ,/atue ( ,h]akles 7,pl4 #cj74 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4 ,,id5tification ,,( ,,! ,,olympia ,,head4 ,hav+ e/abli%$1 !n1 ! ,lysippan "* ( ! head & ! probability t x comes f ! /atue ( a box] or pancratia/1 we %all next discuss ! evid5ce = id5tify+ x ) "o ( ! monum5ts m5tion$ by ,pausanias 9 8 p]iegesis ( ! ,altis4 ,he names only five /atues ( victors by ,lysippos3 ^? ( ,troilos1#bjhj victor 9 ! two- & f\r-horse *>iot-races2 ( ,phil&ridas#bjha & ( ,polydamas1#bjhb victors 9 ! pankration2 ( ,*eilon1#bjhc victor 9 wre/l+1 & ( ,kallikrates1#bjhd victor 9 ! hoplite-race4 ,( ^!1 ! only two :i* c come into consid]ation are ^? ( ! two pancratia/s2 & "o ( ^!1 t ( ,polydamas1 c at once be elim9at$2 = ?is small head c h _h no?+ to d ) ! pret5ti\s monum5t m5tion$ by ,pausanias 9 ^! words3 1 1 4 4 4 ,fragm5ts ( ! base ( ?is monum5t h be5 recov]$1 & x /ood 9 a "p ( ! ,altis#bjhe too f> remov$ f ! spot :]e ! /atue ( ,phil&ridas /ood1 or f t :]e ! m>ble head 0 f\nd4 ,our *oice is limit$ to ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian1 ! t5? 9 ! s]ies ( #afh victors#bjhf nam$ by ,pausanias 9 8 fir/ ephodos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cj ,/atue ( ,h]akles4 ,lansd[ne ,h\se1 ,london4 ,we c det]m9e v closely ! position ( ^! fir/ few /atues 9 ! ,altis4 ,pausanias beg9s 8 enum]ation 1 9 ! nor?we/ ( ! sacr$ enclosure4#bjhg ,he is (t5 loose 9 8 employm5t ( words to d5ote locations1 & especially s 9 t ( ! t]ms & 1 :i* mu/ sometimes be int]pret$ f ! viewpo9t ( ! spectator1 & sometimes f t ( a giv5 monum5t4 ,we %all %[ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii t ^! words 9 ?is connection mu/ be tak5 z ref]r+ to ! temple pro p]sona1 & consequ5tly to ! s\!rn side ( ! ,h]aion4 ,! m>ble head 0 f\nd 9 ?is neighborhood1 9 ! wall ( "s late ,byzant9e huts beh9d ! s\!rn end ( ! /adion-hall ( ! ,great ,gymnasion1 #bc4ej met]s nor? ( its s\!a/]n corn] & #e met]s ea/ ( its back wall1#bjhh & consequ5tly v ne> ! ,h]aion4 ,inasmu* z ! inscrib$ tablet f ! base ( ! /atue ( ,troilos1#bjhi ! six? /atue m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 & ! inscrib$ base ( ! monum5t ( ,kyniska1#bjij ! sev5?1 7 bo? f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,prytaneion ne>by1 & ! basis ( ! /atue ( ,sophios1#bjia ! tw5ty-second 9 ! s]ies1 0 discov]$ also 9 ?is "p ( ! ,altis1 9 ! b$ ( ! ,kladeos1#bjib we c conclude t all f\r monum5ts orig9ally /ood ne> toge!r1 & 9 ! ord] nam$ by ,pausanias1 along ! s\!rn side ( ! ,h]aion4 ,! rem>kably good pres]vation ( ! surface ( ! m>ble head po9ts to ! fact t x 0 set up 9 a %elt]$ place4#bjic ,fur!rmore1 ! unf9i%$ condition ( ! back hair1 :i* is only r\ghly block$ out1 s t n ev5 ! cont\r ( ! locks is indicat$1 %[s t ! /atue 0 int5d$ to be set up aga9/ a solid backgr\nd1 i4 e41 9 front ( a wall1 ni*e1 or column4#bjid ,f ?is fact we may conclude t ! /atue ( ,phil&ridas1 & p]haps ^? ( "s ( ! o!r victors fir/ m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 /ood on ! s\!rn /ylobate ( ! ,h]aion1 ov] aga9/ ! columns ( ! p]i/yle4 ,,! ,,dates ,,( ,,phil&ridas ,,& ,,lysippos4 ,! date ( ! victory ( ,phil&ridas is n record$1 b x probably mu/ lie )9 ! ye>s ( ! activity ( ,lysippos1 :o made ! /atue4#bjie ,on ! pr9ciple :i* has be5 suffici5tly demon/rat$ 9 my monograph de olympionic>um ,/atuis1 t /atues ( ne>ly contemporane\s victors 7 gr\p$ toge!r 9 ! ,altis1 z well z ^? ( ! same family & /ate1 or ^? :o _h be5 victori\s 9 ! same conte/1 ,i h already 9 t "w#bjif propos$ ,ol4 #ajb or ,ol4 #ajc 7 #cgb or #cfh ,b4 ,c47 z ! probable date ( 8 victory1 z 8 /atue /&s among ^? ( victors1 none ( :om c\ld h won lat] ?an ,ol4 #ajd 7 #cfd ,b4 ,c474 ,! fir/ six nam$ by ,pausanias are ,eleans & ! dates ( _! victories fall betwe5 ,ols4 #id & #ajd 7 #djd & #cfd ,b4 ,c472 ! six?1 ,troilos1 is kn[n to h won 8 two victories 9 ,ols4 #ajb & #ajc4bjig ,none ( ! next sev5 ,sp>tans--among ^: /atues t ( ,phil&ridas 0 plac$--c be dat$ lat] ?an ,ol4 #ig 7 #cib ,b4 ,c471 :ile mo/ ( !m belong to ! close ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,so/ratos ( ,sikyon won 9 ! same conte/ 9 :i* ,phil&ridas did 9 ,ol4 #ajd 7 #cfd ,b4 ,c472#bjih & d\btless 8 two o!r kn[n victories %\ld be assign$ to ! two succe$+ ,olympiads4 ,to br+ ,phil&ridas d[n z f> z ,ol4 #ajg 7 #ceb ,b4 ,c47 is unw>rant$1 s9ce no /atue ( s late a date /ood 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to place 8 victory e>li] ?an ,ol4 #ajb1 is also out ( ! "q1 ow+ to ! inexp$i5cy ( dat+ ,lysippos s e>ly4 ,d\btless1 !re=e1 8 /atue by ,lysippos 0 plac$ 9 ! ,sp>tan gr\p ab\t ! same "t t ! image ( ,troilos1 by ! same sculptor1 0 plac$ among ! ,eleans4 ,?is is an indep5d5t argum5t1 !n1 = s e>ly a date = ,lysippos4#bjii ,p]cy ,g>dn]1 9 ! discussion ( ! date ( ?is arti/1#bajj has %[n h[ slight is ! evid5ce = any date lat] ?an #cbj ,b4 ,c4 ,! date ( ! second ,olympic victory ( ,*eilon ( ,patrai1 ^: /atue 0 by ,lysippos1 c n be lat] ?an #cbj ,b4 ,c4#baja ,pausanias quotes ! inscription on ! base ( ! /atue to ! effect t ,*eilon di$ 9 battle & 0 buri$ = 8 valor's sake by ! ,a*an p4 ,he inf]s ! date ( 8 dea? by ref]5ce to ! date ( ,lysippos z ei!r #cch ,b4 ,c4 7,*roneia7 or #cbb ,b4 ,c4 7,lamia74 ,9 ano!r passage1 ,,vii1 #f4e1 he says t ! ,olympic guide told him t ,*eilon 0 ! only ,a*an :o f\ght at ,lamia4 ,g>dn] ju/ly rem>ks t ei!r ( ^! dates1 ! two occasions 9 ! lifetime ( ,lysippos :5 ! ,a*ans took "p 9 an important w>1 fall )9 ! dates ( ! arti/'s activity4#bajb ,! dates ( ! two hoplite victories ( ,kallikrates ( ,magnesia1 on ! ,me&]1 ^: /atue 0 also ! "w ( ,lysippos1 mu/ be left indet]m9ate4#bajc ,g>dn] also %[s t ! wi% n to sep>ate ,lysippos f ! ,apoxyom5os has be5 ! real reason :i* has influ5c$ s _m ar*ologi/s to ext5d 8 activity to ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury1#bajd & to expla9 away ! evid5ce = an e>li] date (f]$ by ! /atue ( ,troilos1 :o won 8 second victory 9 #cfh ,b4 ,c4 ,if we once = all give up ! ,apoxyom5os1 ! difficulty ( an e>ly dat+ disappe>s1 z does also ! !ory t ,skopas c\ld h /rongly influ5c$ ! y\?ful ,lysippos z a ma/] w\ld influ5ce a pupil1 & x becomes cle> t ?is influ5ce mu/ h be5 mutual1 t ( "o great contempor>y ^u ano!r4 ,al?\gh ,lysippos work$ long]1 z is atte/$ by 8 "w = ,alex&] & 8 g5]als1 he c\ld h be5 b little if any y\ng] ?an ei!r ,skopas or ,praxiteles1 f bo? ( :om he le>n$4 ,we h already quot$ ,homolle#baje z say+ t an analysis ( ! /yle ( ! ,agias discloses ! mix$ influ5ces ( ,praxiteles & ,skopas1 z well z ! indep5d5t "w ( ,lysippos1 9 ! pose1 proportions1 & :ole type ( ! figure4 ,lysippos 0 a great re=m] 9 art1 break+ away f ,argive & ,polykleitan traditions1 ev5 ?\gh he call$ ! ,doryphoros z well z ,nature 8 ma/]1 & ?\gh ! influ5ce ( ,polykleitos is visible 9 ! body ( ! ,agias1 j z t ( ,skopas 9 ! treatm5t ( its =ehead1 eyes1 & m\?1 & 9 ! int5sity ( its expression4 ,evid5tly he 0 /rongly affect$ by ! "w ( 8 great pr$ecessors & contempor>ies1 b develop$ at ! same "t new & indep5d5t t5d5cies4 ,?us ! ,phil&ridas mu/ h be5--j z ! lo/ /atue ( ,troilos--an e>ly "w ( ! ma/]1 :]eas ! ,agias 0 ! "w ( 8 mature g5ius4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two c ?us be expla9$ by ! lapse ( "t betwe5 !m1 & by ! influ5ces t surr\nd$ ! y\?ful arti/2 b ! simil>ities betwe5 !m are1 at ! same "t1 /rik+1 & !re is little resemblance 9 ei!r to ! ,apoxyom5os4 ,?is is ano!r l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce t ! latt] "w c\ld n h be5 produc$ by ! same arti/2 = arti/s d n radically *ange _! /yle aft] _m ye>s ( "w1 & ,lysippos mu/ h be5 at lea/ fifty ye>s old :5 he creat$ ! ,agias4 ,! id5tification ( ?is m>ble head ) t ( ! victor /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/ by ,lysippos raises two que/ions :i* we %all briefly exam9e3 :e!r ! /atues 9 ! ,altis 7 ev] made ( m>ble1 & :e!r ,lysippos ev] work$ 9 t mat]ial4 ,! fir/ ( ^! que/ions w be left = ! foll[+ *apt]2 ! second w be discuss$ 9 ! pres5t connection4 ,,lysippos ,,z ,a ,,work] ,,9 ,,m>ble1 ,,& ,,/atue 8,,d\bles40 ,to reg>d a m>ble /atue z an orig9al "w ( ,lysippos1 :o has be5 look$ ^u almo/ univ]sally z a sculptor 9 bronze exclusively1 seems at fir/ sight to be baseless4 ,pl9y c]ta9ly class$ ,lysippos among ! bronze-work]s1 = 9 ! preface to 8 acc\nt ( bronze-f\nd]s#bajf he tells u t ?is arti/ produc$ #a1ejj /atues1 & d\btless we are to inf] t ! hi/orian reg>d$ !m all z be+ made ( metal4 ,he fur!r#bajg speaks ( ,lysippos' contributions to ! 7ars7 /atu>ia1 & x seems cle> t ?is t]m1 z ! mod]n title ( ,book ,,xxxiv1 is to be tak5 9 its n>r[ s5se ( sculpture 9 bronze z oppos$ to sculptura1#bajh t 9 m>ble4 ,h[ firmly ! belief is e/abli%$ t ,lysippos work$ only 9 bronze c be se5 f ! foll[+ words ( ,ov]beck3 8,zu beg9n5 i/ mit wi$]holt] ,h]vorhebung d] dur*aus unzweifelhaft5 und wi*tig5 ,tatsa*e dass ,lysippos auss*liessli* ,erzgiess] w>40#baji ,t ,lysippos 0 prem95tly a bronze-work]1 & t 8 anci5t reputation 0 due *iefly to 8 bronze "w1 c n be d\bt$4 ,b to say t he nev] essay$ to produce works 9 m>ble1 z s _m o!r ,greek arti/s did :o 7 fam$ z bronze-work]s1#baaj is1 z "o writ] has lately express$ x1 a k9dis*es ,vorur!il4#baaa ,t m>ble "w 0 done 9 8 /udio1 if n by 8 h&1 is well atte/$ by ! reliefs f ! base ( ! victor /atue ( ,polydamas m5tion$ above1 :i* h be5 g5]ally ref]r$ to ,lysippos' pupils4#baab ,^! are too damag$ to be us$ z exact evid5ce ( 8 /yle1 b ! legs ( ,polydamas himself1 9 ! c5tral relief1 s f> z _! cont\r c be made out1 are ?9 & s9ewy1 z we %\ld expect 9 ,lysippan "w1 & ?is relief d\btless w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z ! "w ( ! ma/] himself1 if x _h n be5 tak5 = grant$ t he work$ only 9 bronze4 ,b = ! same assumption "s critics w\ld h se5 an orig9al f ! h& ( ,lysippos 9 ! /atue ( ,agias at lea/1 if n 9 ! o!rs ( ! ,delphian gr\p4#baac ,x w be int]e/+ to rehe>se "s ( ! argum5ts by :i* ! /atue ( ,agias has be5 adjudg$ a copy4#baad ,x has be5 g5]ally assum$ t ! orig9al gr\p ( /atues at ,ph>salos 0 ( bronze 7?\gh we h no pro( t x may n h be5 ( m>ble71 :ile ! "o at ,delphi 0 copi$ almo/1 if n q1 simultane\sly 9 m>ble#baae--s fai?fully1 inde$1 t ev5 ! prop] m>ble support to ! figure ( ,agias 0 omitt$4 ,:ile ,homolle notes ! abs5ce ( ?is support z evid5ce ( ! m>ble /atue be+ an exact copy ( ! orig9al bronze1 ,g>dn] argues t ?is proves a free imitation1 :]e ! support 0 n ne$$4#baaf ,! inexact model+ ( ! hair1 s9ce hair c n be r5d]$ s p]fectly 9 m>ble z 9 bronze1 has be5 adduc$ z a sign t ! m>ble /atue 0 a copy ( ! bronze orig9al4 ,?is 9 itself is a weak argum5t1 s9ce ! slight & sket*y treatm5t ( ! hair ( ! ,h]mes ( ,praxiteles--:i* is1 = ! mo/ "p1 m]ely block$ out#baag--might ) j z good reason be us$ z evid5ce t t /atue is only a copy1 especially z we "k t ,praxiteles also work$ 9 bronze4#baah ,! omission ( ! arti/'s signature on ! base ( ! ,agias has also be5 tak5 to indicate t "s pupil ( ,lysippos 7,lysi/ratos1 = example7 did ! "w ( transf]5ce 9 ! ma/]'s /udio "u 8 sup]vision & d\btless f 8 model4 ,despite all su* argum5ts1 :i* prove little1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! c>eless f9i% ( ! ,delphian /atue is n :at we %\ld expect 9 a ma/]piece by s r5[n$ a sculptor z ,lysippos1 z ! /atue c n be said to be a fir/-rate "w ( art4 ,b t x 0 made "u ! direct sup]vision ( ,lysippos c h>dly be que/ion$4 ,x seems reasonable to believe t ,dao*os1 :o employ$ ! great arti/ 9 ! "o case1 w\ld n h tru/$ a m]e copyi/ 9 ! o!r1 or "o :o 0 free to indulge 8 individual ta/e 9 details1#baai especially z ! /atue 0 to be plac$ 9 s prom95t a place z ,delphi4 ,he probably gave ! ord]s = ! two /atues at ! same "t1 & ,lysippos mu/ h _h ! ov]sight ( ! ,delphian "o4 ,s x seems be/ to reg>d ! /atue ( ,agias z a 8d\ble10 & n z a copy 9 ! lat] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! cu/om ( mak+ su* d\bles goes back at lea/ to ! middle ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,?us ! /atue ( ! ,delian ,apollo by ,angelion & ,tektaios1 kn[n z ! 8,heal]0 771#babj _h a 8d\ble0 9 bo? ,delphi#baba & ,a!ns4#babb ,simil>ly ! ,philesian ,apollo ( ,bran*idai ne> ,miletos1 by ! eld] ,kana*os1#babc _h a d\ble 9 ,!bes kn[n z ! ,ism5ian ,apollo1 :i* ,pausanias says diff]$ f ! "o 9 ,miletos nei!r 9 =m nor size1 b only 9 mat]ial1 = x 0 ( c$>-wood1#babd :ile ! ,milesian "o 0 ( bronze4 ,furtwa5gl]#babe has demon/rat$ t contempor>y d\bles ( works by ,polykleitos1 ,pheidias1 & ,praxiteles exi/$4 ,! case ( ! /atues ( ! a?lete ,agias at ,ph>salos & at ,delphi is p>allel$ by t ( ! ,olympic victor ,proma*os1 :o _h /atues1 probably alike1 bo? at ,olympia & 9 8 native city ,pell5e4#babf ,a d\ble ( ! base ( ! ,nike ( ,paionios at ,olympia 0 discov]$ at ,delphi1#babg & a f9e head 9 ! collection ( ,miss ,h]tz 9 ,rome is f ! same orig9al4#babh ,a ,polykleitan head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 simil> to t ( ! ,we/macott ,a?lete 7,pl4 #ai71 seems to be a contempor>y replica ( an orig9al ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#babi ,su* examples 7& _m m c\ld be cit$7 %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 contempor>y 8d\bles0 & ! lat] copies ( ,greek ma/]pieces4 ,! =m] are ,greek orig9als 9 a v true s5se1 made1 z we assume ! ,agias 01 "u ! direct sup]vision ( not$ sculptors4 ,9 ?is s5se only ! ,delphian /atue %\ld be call$ a copy4 ,,head ,,( ,a ,,/atue ,,( ,a ,,boy ,,f ,,sp>ta1 ,,& ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,skopas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--,m>ble ,head ( a ,boy1 f\nd ne> ! ,akropolis1 ,sp>ta4 ,9 ,private ,possession 9 ,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,we %all next discuss ! beautiful ,p5telic m>ble head ( a boy1 ) a lion's scalp drawn ov] ! top s t ! muzzle comes d[n ov] ! =ehead1 :i* is said to h be5 discov]$ ne> ! ,akropolis at ,sp>ta 9 #aijh 7,fig4 #gb74 ,?is head 0 = a "t 9 ! ,univ]sity ,museum1 ,philadelphia1 & lat] 0 exhibit$ at ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,at la/ acc\nts x 0 9 private possession 9 ,philadelphia4 ,x has be5 publi%$ z ! head ( a y\?ful ,h]akles by my colleague1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,n4 ,bates1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology4#bacj ,( its /yle he says3 8,! po9ts ( resemblance :i* ! ,philadelphia ,h]acles be>s to ! heads f ! ,tegean p$im5ts are s _m & s /rik+ t !y mu/ all be trac$ back to ! same sculptor2 & t he 0 ,skopas !re c be little d\bt40 ,he !re=e concludes t x is 8probably a v good copy ( a lo/ "w ( ,skopas40#baca ,a little lat]1 ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,caskey1 ( ! ,museum 9 ,bo/on1 f\nd ^! resemblances h>dly close en\gh1 9 view ( ! influ5ce ( ,skopas on lat] ,greek sculpture1 to ju/ify s def9ite an attribution4#bacb ,he f\nd !m conf9$ to ! upp] "p ( ! face1 :ile he believ$ t ! l[] portion resembl$ heads :i* c\ld be assign$ to ,praxiteles or 8 influ5ce1 & consequ5tly he pron\nc$ ! head 8an eclectic "w 9 :i* features borr[$ f ,skopas & ,praxiteles h be5 comb9$ ) an unusually successful effect40 ,z ,dr4 ,bates po9ts out1 !re is no record$ /atue ( ,h]akles by ,skopas :i* corresponds ) ?is head4 ,! /one "o m5tion$ by ,pausanias z /&+ 9 ! ,gymnasion at ,sikyon#bacc has be5 ?\ght by ! au?ors ( ! ,numismatic ,comm5t>y on ,pausanias to be reproduc$ on a ,sikyonian copp] co9 ( ! age ( ,geta1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#bacd ,_m /atues & bu/s scatt]$ 9 ,european museums1 :i* repres5t a be>dless ,h]akles & %[ ,skopaic influ5ce1 h be5 trac$ back to ?is orig9al4#bace ,h[ev]1 ! co9 repres5ts ! h]o we>+ a wrea?1 & s1 if x 0 copi$ f ! orig9al 9 ! ,gymnasion1 ! latt] c\ld n h be5 ! prototype ( ! head "u discussion4 ,x is n[ univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t all con/ructive criticism ( ! art ( ,skopas mu/ be bas$ on a /udy ( ! heads f\nd at ,tegea4 ,besides ^? discov]$ 9 #ahgi1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns1#bacf two o!r male heads 79 addition to ! torso ( a female figure drap$ z an ,amazon1 & a head on ! same scale :i* probably belongs to x1 z bo? are ( ,p>ian m>ble1 repres5t+ probably ,atalanta ( ! ,ea/ p$im5t7 7 discov]$ by ,m4 ,m5del 9 8 excavations ( ! temple ( ,a!na ,alea 9 #aijj-aija1 & ref]r$ to ! p$im5tal gr\ps describ$ by ,pausanias4#bacg ,z "o ( ^! 7,fig4#gc7 is *>act]iz$ by a lion's scalp worn z a helmet1 ! h]o's face fitt+ into ! jaws1 its tee? %[+ above 8 =ehead1 x has be5 reg>d$ z ! head f a /atue ( ,h]akles1 al?\gh ,pausanias m5tions no su* /atue 9 8 enum]ation ( ! figures compos+ ! gr\p ( ! ,ea/]n p$im5t1 & al?\gh x is difficult to expla9 ! pres5ce ( ! h]o 9 ! gr\p ( ! ,we/]n p$im5t1 :i* repres5t$ ! battle betwe5 8 son ,telephos & ,a*illes4 ,m5del consid]s ?is head to be inf]ior 9 workman%ip to ! o!rs1 & s ref]s x to ! s*ool ( ,skopas r ?an to ! ma/] himself1 & designates x 8un travail d'ateli]40 ,9 describ+ x1 h[ev]1 he says3 8t\s ces c>actres1 qui sont ceux des ttes du ,muse c5tral1 se retr\v5t dans ntre tte d',hracls40#bach ,"h we h a head ( a y\?ful ,h]akles 7or ( "s h]o :o has borr[$ 8 attribute ( ! lion's sk9--p]haps ,telephos71 :i*1 if n by ,skopas himself1 is /ill a "w ( 8 s*ool reproduc+ all 8 *>act]i/ics2 consequ5tly1 ( all ^! heads f ,tegea1 x is ) ?is "o *iefly t we %\ld comp>e ! head f ,sp>ta simil>ly cov]$ ) a lion's scalp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,s-call$ ,head ( ,h]akles1 f ,tegea1 by ,skopas4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,?\gh badly injur$1 x is /ill possible to see 9 ?is head ( ! s-call$ ,h]akles f\nd at ,tegea1 bo? 9 full view & 9 pr(ile1 ! *>act]i/ic ,skopaic expression ( passion1 & to discov] ! means by :i* ! arti/ effect$ x4 ,! expression is due 9 great measure to ! upw>d direction ( ! gaze1 & to ! heavy ov]%ad[+ ( ! deep-set eyes4 ,x is fur!r enhanc$ by ! contract$ br[1 dilat$ no/ril1 & half-op51 almo/ pant+1 m\?1 ^: p>t$ lips cle>ly disclose ! tee?4 ,! /ructure ( ! head is 9 keep+ ) ! /r5g? ( "* portray$2 ! skull is v deep f front to back1 & its framework is massive & bony2 ! face is broad & %ort & ! *9 is heavy2 ev]y?+ emphasizes ! impression ( a virile & muscul> w>rior viol5tly engag$ 9 ! fray4 ,! subjects ( ! two p$im5tal gr\ps--! ,kalydonian bo> hunt & ! battle betwe5 ,a*illes & ,telephos--ju/ifi$ ! expression ( unre/ra9$ viol5ce :i* we see 9 ?is & ! o!r male heads1 & gave ! sculptor an opportunity to repres5t 8 h]oes 9 ! excitem5t ( action & dang]4 ,to effect ?is int5sity ( expression ,skopas reli$ ma9ly on ! treatm5t ( ! eye4 ,9 "o ( ! heads 7! unhelmet$ "o 9 ,a!ns7 ! gaze is n turn$ upw>ds z 9 ! ,h]akles1 nor are ! neck-muscles /ra9$ z 9 ! o!rs1 & yet ! expression is ev5 m viol5t ?an 9 !m4 ,?us x is ! model+ ( ! fle% ab\t ! eye :i* is ! real di/+ui%+ feature ( ,skopas' "w4 ,9 describ+ ! helmet$ head 9 ,a!ns1 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] says3 8,! eyes are set v deep 9 _! sockets1 & heavily ov]%ad[$1 at _! inn] corn]s1 by ! /rong projection ( ! br[1 :i* does n1 h[ev]1 z 9 "s lat] examples ( a simil> int5tion on ! "p ( ! arti/1 meet ! l9e ( ! nose at an acute angle1 b ar*es away f x 9 a bold curve4 ,at ! out] corn]s ! eyes are also heavily ov]%ad[$1 "h by a project+ mass ( fle% or muscle :i* ov]hangs & actually hides 9 "p ! upp] lid4 ,! eyes are v wide-op5--) a dilation :i* comes f fix+ ! eyes ^u a di/ant object--& !re=e sugge/ ! f>-away look associat$ ) a passionate nature40#baci ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,tegea ,,heads ,,& ,,! ,,head ,,f ,,sp>ta4 ,x is to ! facial *>act]i/ics 9 ! ,tegea heads t ,dr4 ,bates calls att5tion 9 bas+ 8 argum5t = ! ,skopaic orig9 ( ! head f ,sp>ta3 ! =ehead horizontally divid$ by a m$ian l9e1 ! swell+1 prom95t br[1 ! deep-set eyes ) _! n>r[ lids--only #b mm4 wide--emb$d$ 9 ! project+ fle% at ! out] corn]s1 & ! p>t$ m\?4 ,he also sees a resemblance 9 ! small r\nd curls bun*$ toge!r above ! e>s4 ,b if !re are resemblances 7especially 9 ! model+ ( ! eyes7 !re are also great diff]5ces obs]vable 9 ! ,tegea heads & ! "o f ,sp>ta4 ,let u conf9e our comp>ison ( ! latt] ) ! ,h]akles ( ! ,tegea p$im5t1 ?\gh ! comp>ison ) any ( ! o!r male heads w\ld lead to sub/antially ! same results4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! /ructure ( ! two heads 9 "q is v diff]5t4 ,z ! head f ,sp>ta is brok5 9 two at ! e>s & ! :ole back "p is miss+1 we c n tell :e!r x _h ! great dep? ( ! "o f ,tegea4 ,b ( ! massive1 bony framework ( ! latt] !re is little trace 9 ! =m]4 ,9 ! ,tegea example we are /ruck ) ! squ>5ess ( ! head & ! bread? ( ! c5tral "p ( ! face2 ! sides d n gradually conv]ge t[>d ! middle1 b seem to =m di/9ct planes4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! eyes is also 9 keep+ ) ! bread? ( ! skull z measur$ betwe5 ! e>s2 ! bread? ( ! face almo/ equals its l5g? f ! top ( ! =ehead to ! *91 & ?is fact1 toge!r ) ! massive1 prom95t *91 gives an elem5t ( squ>5ess to ! :ole4#badj ,on ! o!r h&1 ! head f ,sp>ta has a long1 n>r[ face ^: sides s(tly conv]ge t[>d ! middle 9 beautiful curves ab\t ! *eeks2 its *eek-bones are n s high nor s prom95t z ^? ( ! o!r2 x ends 9 a delicate1 almo/ effem9ate *91 :i* slightly retreats & gives ! :ole l[] "p ( ! face an oval /ructure1 ?us recall+ ,praxiteles & f\r?-c5tury ,attic works4 ,! l5g? ( ! face is acc5tuat$ by ! consid]able height to :i* ! head rises above ! =ehead1 9 contra/ ) ! flatness ( ! skull 9 ! example f ,tegea4 ,! eyes are n s wide-op52 !y are long] & n s swoll5 nor compress$ t[>d ! c5tre2 if we view ! two heads f ! side1 we see t ! eye-socket 9 ! ,tegea head is l>g] & appreciably deep] ?an 9 ! "o f ,sp>ta4 ,ap>t f ^! surface diff]5ces 9 ! /ructure ( ! head & face1 x is 9 ! resultant expression t we see ! greate/ div]g5ce f ! ,skopaic type4 ,?is seems to me to be fundam5tally diff]5t 9 ! ,sp>ta head4 ,9 ! ,h]akles1 z 9 all ! o!r ,tegea male heads1 & ev5 9 ^? ( ! bo> & ! dogs1 ! really *>act]i/ic feature1 :i* diff]5tiates !m f all o!r works ( ,greek sculpture1 is ! passionate int5sity ( _! expression4 ,! "o un=gettable impression left on ! spectator by !m all is ?is expression ( viol5t & unre/ra9$ passion1 :i* ! sculptor has succe$$ 9 imp>t+ to ! m>ble4 ,?is is :at m>ks him z ! ma/] ( passion & ! orig9ator ( ! dramatic t5d5cies c>ri$ to su* l5g?s 9 ! ,hell5i/ic s*ools ( sculpture2 x is ?is :i* expla9s ,kalli/ratos' *>act]ization ( 8 works z be+ 4#bada ,! head f ,sp>ta %[s only a little ( ?is int5sity4 ,not)/&+ ! simil> upw>d gaze & slightly p>t$ lips1 ! int5tion ( ! arti/ seems to h be5 to portray ! h]o 9 an attitude ( expectancy1 temp]$ by a look almo/ ( calmness4 ,! look is deeply e>ne/1 b n viol5t2 x is ev5 melan*oly4 ,x is ?is la/ feature1 ! delicate & compell+ melan*oly ( ! face1 :i* impress$ me mo/ on fir/ view+ x4 ,?is is fur!r enhanc$ by ! full1 s(t model+ ( ! l[] face1 t gives to ! :ole a delicate1 almo/ effem9ate "*1 :i* /rongly rem9ds u ( ,praxitelean heads4 ,9 fact1 ! %ape ( ! lips & ! model+ ( ! fle% on ei!r side ( ! m\?1 toge!r ) ! s(t1 dimpl$ *91 h little 9 common ) ! massive /r5g? & rem>kable animation ( ! ,tegea heads4 ,z ,dr4 ,caskey has intimat$1 if we _h only ! l[] portion ( ! face = comp>ison1 we %\ld be incl9$ to ascribe x to ! influ5ce ( ,praxiteles4 ,if we consid]$ ! upp] "p only1 resemblances to ,skopaic "w seem well m>k$2 b if we take into acc\nt ! expression ( ! face z a :ole1 we see t x lacks ! mo/ ess5tial ( ,skopaic features1 ! look ( passionate int5sity4 ,consequ5tly we %all f9d x difficult to br+ ! head into su* close relation to t arti/2 = "h !re is little analogy to ! vigor\s w>rior types ( ! ,tegea p$im5ts4 ,= its quiet] mi5 x might be bett] to comp>e x ) ! head ( ,atalanta1#badb ?\gh none ( ! g5tle pa?os or eag]ness ( ! ,sp>ta head is !re visible4 ,! ,atalanta1 ?\gh full ( vigor\s life1 utt]ly lacks ! unre/ra9$ passion s *>act]i/ic ( h] bro!rs2 h] eyes are n s deeply set1 nor s wide-op52 !y are n>r[] & long]1 & are n ov]-hung at ! out] corn]s by heavy masses ( fle%4#badc ,9 speak+ ( ! abs5ce ( ^! rolls ( muscle1 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] notes a curi\s peculi>ity3 8,?is is a cle>ly m>k$1 ?\gh delicately r\nd$1 roll ( fle% betwe5 ! br[ & ! upp] eyelid1 :i* is cont9u$ "r r\nd above ! inn] corn] ( ! eye1 to jo9 ! swell+ at ! side ( ! nose1 :i* itself passes on into ! *eek40#badd ,he detects ?is same peculi>ity 9 c]ta9 o!r ,skopaic heads1 notably 9 ! ,apollo f ! ,mausoleion & ! ,demet] f ,knidos1 ?\gh x is q lack+ 9 ! ,tegea male heads4 ,x all goes to %[ t ,skopas 0 n /rictly consi/5t 9 8 treatm5t ( ! eye4 ,! l[] face ( ! ,atalanta is also long] & m oval ?an t ( ! male heads1 & ?us %[s ,attic r ?an ,peloponnesian influ5ce4 ,if x is difficult1 !n1 to conceive ( ! ,atalanta & ! male heads z ! "w ( ! same sculptor1 ! contra/1 bo? 9 /ructure & expression1 betwe5 ^! two heads ( ,h]akles1 ! "o f ,tegea1 ! o!r f ,sp>ta1 makes x m difficult to assume ! same au?or%ip = bo?2 = "h we c n expla9 ! diff]5ce z ! contra/ betwe5 ! types ( h]o & h]o9e2 "h we are comp>+ two heads :i* are suppos$ly ( ! same h]o4 ,,! ,,/yles ,,( ,,skopas ,,& ,,lysippos ,,comp>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--;,attic ,grave-,relief1 f\nd 9 ! ,b$ ( ! ,ilissos1 ,a!ns4 ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--,/atue ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,vatican ,museum1 ,rome4 ,9 view1 !n1 ( ! diff]5ces enum]at$ ,i %\ld hesitate to assign a ,skopaic orig9 to ! head f ,sp>ta4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ! face1 ) its small m\? & delicate *91 ,i see signs only ( ,praxitelean influ5ce2 9 ! upp] "p ,i am mu* m incl9$ to see aff9ities to ! art-t5d5cies ( ,lysippos1 z we n[ "k !m f ! /atue ( ,agias4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k x is n difficult to sep>ate works ( ,praxitelean orig9 f ^? ( ,skopas2 b x is a v diff]5t ?+ to di/+ui% ^? ( ,skopaic orig9 f ^? ( ,lysippos2 "h ! l9e di/+ui%+ ! two ma/]s is mu* f9] & h>d] to draw4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! ,tegea heads1 ! deep-set eye1#bade prom95t br[1 & 8brea?+0 m\? 7 look$ ^u z *>act]i/ic features ( ,lysippos1 z !y 7 kn[n to u f repres5tations ( ,alex&]1 especially on co9s4 ,we n[ "k t ^! traits belong$ to ,skopas to a mu* great] ext5t4 ,:5 ! ,agias 0 f\nd1 & be=e its true au?or%ip _h be5 det]m9$1 ,homolle1 z we h se51 _h at fir/ class$ x z %[+ ! mann] ( ,lysippos1 only lat] to see m ( ,skopas ?an ,lysippos 9 x4 ,su* a conclusion 0 natural s long z we reg>d$ ! ,apoxyom5os z ! key to ,lysippan art4 ,by assign+ ^! traits def9itely to ,skopas1 we 7 compell$ to view ! "w ( ,lysippos z conv5tional & some:at lifeless 9 comp>ison4 ,b ) ! assumption t ! /atue ( ,agias repres5t$ true ,lysippan *>act]i/ics1 we 7 =c$ to recognize t ! same traits belong$ to ,lysippos also1 ?\gh to a less degree1 s9ce ! en]gy ( ! ,tegea heads 0 abs5t f ! features ( ! ,agias & _! fi]c5ess 0 "h replac$ by a look ( quiet melan*oly4 ,! /udy ( su* alli$ works z ! beautiful & excell5tly pres]v$ ,lansd[ne ,h]akles 7,pl4 #cj & ,fig4 #ga71 ! a?lete on ! ,p5telic m>ble /ele f\nd 9 ! b$ ( ! ,ilissos 9 #ahgd1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns 7,fig4 #gd71badf ! s-call$ ,meleag] 9 ! ,vatican 7,fig4 #ge71badg & o!r copies ( ! same orig9al 7e4 g41 ,figs4 #gf1 #gg71 also %[s h[ closely ! type ( ,lysippos approa*$ t ( ,skopas4 ,long ago ,i express$ ! view#badh t ^! & simil> works %\ld be assign$ to ,lysippos r ?an to ,skopas1 to :om mo/ critics _h ref]r$ !m4 ,?us1 aft] ! discov]y ( ! ,tegea heads1 s*ol>ly op9ion began to foll[ ! argum5ts ( ,furtwa5gl] 9 br++ ! ,lansd[ne ,h]akles into ! sph]e ( ,skopas4#badi ,b ,mi*aelis1 z f> back z #ahhb1 comm5t+ on ! *>act]i/ically small head1 %ort neck 9 comp>ison ) ! mighty %\ld]s1 & long legs 9 proportion to ! ?ick-set torso1 _h decl>$3 8,)\t d\bt ! /atue (f]s "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s1 if n absolutely ! be/1 ( a ,h]akles accord+ to ! conception ( ,lysippos40#baej ,n[ op9ion v>ies aga92 only ^? :o believe t ! ,agias is ,lysippan class ! ,h]akles z a ,lysippan "w4#baea ,( ! ,meleag]1 ,graef#baeb gives eighte5 copies besides ! "o 9 ! ,vatican4 ,?is numb] %[s h[ common an adornm5t x 0 ( ,roman villas & p>ks4 ,"s ( ^! copies h a *lamys ?r[n ov] ! arm1 e4 g41 ! ,vatican example1 & belong to imp]ial times1 :ile o!rs )\t ! mantle1 e4 g41 ! torso 9 ,b]l91#baec are old]4 ,9 addition to ! ,vatican example we reproduce two o!r copies1 ! beautiful ,p>ian m>ble head n[ plac$ on ! trunk ( a ,praxitelean ,apollo 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,m$ici 9 ,rome 7,fig4 #gf71baed & ! /atue )\t arms or legs & )\t ! *lamys1 f\nd 9 #ahie ne> ,santa ,m>9ella1 #cj miles f ,rome1 & s9ce #ahii 9 ! ,fogg ,art ,museum at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity 7,fig4 #gg71baee "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! _m replicas4 ,at fir/ ! orig9al ( ^! copies 0 suppos$ to be ,lysippan1 be+ id5tifi$ ) ! ,v5ator at ,!spiai m5tion$ by ,pl9y z ! "w ( ,eu?ykrates1 ! son & pupil ( ,lysippos1#baef b aft] ! discov]y ( ! ,tegea heads x 0 almo/ univ]sally ref]r$ to ,skopas4#baeg ,"h aga9 ! ,skopaic gr\p ( ,graef has be5 brok5 by ,p4 ,g>dn]#baeh & o!rs1 & ! ,meleag]1 l ! ,h]akles1 has be5 giv5 to ,lysippos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--;,head ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,villa ,m$ici1 ,rome4 ,let u analyze a little fur!r :]e9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! closely alli$ art ( ,skopas & ,lysippos lies4 ,we saw t x 0 *iefly ! =mation ( ! eye & its surr\nd+s :i* *>act]iz$ ,skopaic "w--! dep? ( ! balls 9 _! sockets1 & ! heavy masses ( fle% above ! out] corn]s4 ,?is 0 9 h>mony ) ! bread? ( br[ & ! massive build ( ! ,tegea heads4 ,9 ! ,agias & simil> works ! treatm5t ( ! eye is some:at diff]5t4 ,! head ( ! ,agias is ( slight] proportions ?an ! heads f ,tegea2 9 con=mity ) ! ,lysippan canon x is bel[ life-size1 & consequ5tly has no su* heavy ov]%ad[+ ( ! out] corn]s ( ! eyes4 ,moreov]1 z we %all see1 ?is ov]%ad[+ is also relatively less 9 ! /atue ( ! ,delphian a?lete4 ,! =mation ( ! eye is ?us describ$ by ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]3 8,! inn] corn]s ( ! eye are set v deep 9 ! head & v close toge!r2 ! inn] corn]s ( ! eye-sockets =m acute angles1 runn+ up close to "o ano!r & leav+ betwe5 !m only a n>r[ ridge = ! base ( ! nose2 ?us !y (f] a /rong contra/ to ! l9e ( ! br[1 ar*+ away 9 a broad curve f ! solid base ( ! nose & =m+ an obtuse angle ) x1 su* z we see 9 ! ,skopaic heads40#baei ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,torso ( ! s-call$ ,meleag]4 ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,! resultant expression is !re=e some:at diff]5t f t ( ! heads f ,tegea2 :ile we /ill see animation & ev5 int5sity 9 ! face ( ! ,agias1 we see x 9 a modifi$ degree4 ,! f>-away look ( ! ,tegea heads is /ill pres5t1 b x appe>s to be fix$ on a ne>] object1 & s ! look ( int5sity is temp]$2 x is also light5$ by ! fact t ! ov]%ad[+ ( ! eyes at ! out] corn]s is less heavy4 ,b ev5 ?is latt] s-call$ ,skopaic trait1 ?\gh x is abs5t 9 ! ,agias1 is c]ta9ly pres5t 9 o!r ,lysippan heads4 ,besides be+ prom95t 9 repres5tations ( ,alex&] ! ,great on co9s1#bafj x is se5 9 bu/s ( ! conqu]or1 especially 9 ! spl5did "o f ,alex&ria 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#bafa ,9 ! latt] example we see j su* heavy rolls ( fle% z we note 9 ! ,skopaic heads4 ,x %[s t ?is trait1 introduc$ by ,skopas1 0 us$ at times ) equal effect by ,lysippos4 ,we h already not$ h[ 9 "o example1 at lea/1 ,skopas himself laid x aside--9 ! ,atalanta4 ,its pres5ce on ,lysippan heads %[s t too mu* /ress c be laid on ?is feature 9 decid+ :e!r a giv5 piece ( sculpture is to be ref]r$ to ,skopas4 ,?is trait complicates ! :ole problem ( ! /yle ( ! two ma/]s4 ,,! ,,sp>ta ,,head ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,phil&ridas4 ,z ! ,agias is consid]$ by mo/ critics to be a contempor>y copy ( ! orig9al /atue at ,ph>salos1 p]haps x w be m j to comp>e ! head f ,sp>ta "u discussion ) ! orig9al m>ble head f ,olympia1 :i* we h ascrib$ 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! pres5t *apt] to ! /atue ( ,phil&ridas by ,lysippos4 ,su* a comp>ison w1 ( c\rse1 %[ c]ta9 diff]5ces1 b m>k$ resemblances z well4 ,we %all see t ^! resemblances are conf9$ to ! upp] "p ( ! face4 ,9 bo? we note ! same l[ =ehead ) a correspond+ depression or crease across ! middle2 ! simil>ly bulg+ br[ :i* breaks v p]ceptibly ! cont9u\s l9e f =ehead to nose1 concave above & bel[ & convex at ! swell+ itself2 ! same p[]fully fram$ & deep-set eyes ?r[n into %ad[s by ! project+ bony /ructure ( ! br[s & ! ov]hang+ masses ( fle%4 ,! eyeballs 9 bo? are simil>ly long & n>r[1 ?\gh !y are slightly ar*$ 9 ! ,phil&ridas j z 9 ! ,tegea heads1 & n s close toge!r z 9 ! ,agias1 b _! inn] angles are f>!r ap>t & n almo/ hidd5 by ! flat bridge ( ! nose :5 view$ /raight f ! front4 ,9 ?is respect !y are /rik+ly l ^? ( ! ,sp>ta head4#bafb ,! rais$ upp] lids 9 bo? =m symmetrically n>r[ & %>ply def9$ bord]s ov] ! eyeballs4 ,^! bord]s1 9 ea* case1 are n p>tially hidd5 by ! folds ( sk9 at ! out] corn]s1 z !y are 9 ! ,tegea heads2 & yet ! masses ( fle% project+ f ! br[s are almo/ z heavy z 9 ! latt]4 ,9 bo? ! heads f ,olympia & ,sp>ta ! upp] lids slightly ov]lap ! "u at ! out] corn]s4 ,! eye-sockets 9 bo? seem to be equally deep & ! *eek-bones simil>ly high & prom95t4 ,we rem>k 9 ! ,phil&ridas ! gradual conv]g+ ( ! sides ( ! face t[>d ! middle1 a trait :i* we h already obs]v$ 9 ! head f ,sp>ta z 9 contra/ ) ! m angul> =mation ) lat]al planes s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,tegea male heads4 ,! flatness ( ! nose & ! curves :i* x makes ) ! br[ on ei!r side are v simil> 9 ! two heads "u discussion4 ,9 bo?1 ! hair is treat$ 9 ! same simple & sket*y mann]1 be+ fa%ion$ into little r+lets ruffl$ back f ! temples 9 flat relief q 9 ! ,skopaic mann]1 ev5 if ! curls seem %ort] & m t5se4 ,:5 we come to a consid]ation ( ! l[] "p ( ea* face1 we imm$iately detect diff]5ces4 ,:ile bo? faces end 9 an oval1 ?is is broad]1 heavi]1 & m bony 9 t ( ! ,phil&ridas1 z we %\ld expect 9 ! case ( a m mature man4 ,consequ5tly "h ! m\? is l>g] & firm]4 ,! elegant cont\r ( ! lips obs]vable 9 ! ,agias is also f\nd1 to a less degree1 9 ! head f ,sp>ta1 ^: lips are full] & m s5su\s1 b c n be trac$ 9 ! ,phil&ridas ow+ to ! damag$ condition ( ! m\?4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t ! lips ( ! latt] 7 also slightly p>t$1 j %[+ ! tee?1 b n z 9 ! ,tegea heads1 z if ! brea? 7 be+ =c$ ?r\gh !m ) great ef=t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ! expression ( ^! two faces t we see ! greate/ resemblance4 ,9 ! ,phil&ridas1 ! p[]ful fram+ ( ! eyes1 ! slightly upw>d gaze ( ! balls1 & ! contract$ =ehead comb9e to give x a p5sive1 ev5 melan*oly1 look ( dignity1 a look seem+ly ( "o :o takes no joy or pleasure 9 victory1 ?\gh1 z we h already m5tion$1#bafc x is e>ne/ r ?an m\rnful4 ,! almo/ id5tical treatm5t ( ! eye & its surr\nd+s gives ! /ill m y\?ful head f ,sp>ta a simil> expression4 ,homolle's analysis ( ! expression ( ! face ( ! ,agias w\ld apply ) equal fitness to ! mood portray$ 9 bo? ! heads we are discuss+3 8,l'expression qui rsulte de ces div]s traits1 c'e/1 dans une figure jeune et vig\reuse1 un air p5sif ou lass1 une c]ta9e mlancolie1 qui ne va pas la tri/esse morne ou la mditation pr(onde1 mais qui re/e plus lo9 encore de la joie ins\ciante de la vie et de la pure allgresse de la victoire04#bafd ,preun] rem>k$ t a v]se ( ! epigram f\nd on ! base ( ! /atue ( ,agias1 :i* runs 1 is almo/ an exact copy ( ! words ( ,h]akles 9 ! ,tra*9iae ( ,sophocles4#bafe ,9 ^! words ! d$icator ( ! /atue ends ! recital ( 8 ance/or's exploits ) a melan*oly reflection on ! vanity ( 8 glory4 ,!y sugge/ ) no less tru? ! expression ( bo? ! heads we are discuss+4 ,?is expression ( p5siv5ess t+$ ) melan*oly is enhanc$ 9 bo? by ! slightly p>t$ lips4 ,we c see ! same expression c>ri$ mu* fur!r 9 _m ( ! portraits ( ,alex&] :i* g back to orig9als by ,lysippos1 & we "k f ,plut>* t ?is sculptor 0 *os5 by ! conqu]or to make 8 portraits1 because ,lysippos alone c\ld comb9e 8 manly air ) ! liquid & melt+ glance ( 8 eyes4#baff ,b h[ diff]5t is ! delicately indicat$ pa?os ( ^! heads f ! viol5t & unre/ra9$1 ev5 pant+1 expression ( ! ,tegea sculptures6 ,"h !re is no trace ( ! :i* ,kalli/ratos said *>act]iz$ ! works ( ,skopas4 ,if x be object$ t ! expression ( ! ,phil&ridas is m dramatic ?an t ( ! head f ,sp>ta1 its fi]ce1 almo/ b>b>\s1 look ( defiance may well be expla9$ by ! fact t "h is repres5t$ a victor f ,ak>nania1 a c\ntry not$ among ! o!r ,greek /ates = any?+ b culture & ref9em5t4 ,,! ,,sp>ta ,,head ,,an ,,eclectic ,,"w ,,& ,,an ,,example ,,( ,,assimilation4 ,x is1 !n1 9 consequ5ce ( ^! resemblances to ,lysippan "w1 & because ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 x & ! ,tegean heads1 t ,i am l$ to see m ( ,lysippos ?an ( ,skopas 9 ?is beautiful head f ,sp>ta4 ,an analysis ( its /yle p]mits u to discov] 9 x ! mix$ influ5ces ( ,praxiteles1 ( ,lysippos1 & ( ,skopas4 ,x seems to me necess>y1 !re=e1 9 view ( ?is mixture ( t5d5cies1 to reg>d x z an eclectic "w1 9 :i* ! unkn[n arti/ has comb9$ ,lysippan & ,praxitelean elem5ts *iefly2 & t he 0 also "u ! influ5ce ( ,skopas is ev9c$ by ! peculi>ities m5tion$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! eyes & hair2#bafg b ev5 9 ! model+ ( ! eyes1 ,i believe t 8 *ief debt 0 to ,lysippos4 ,! f95ess ( surface model+1 comm5t$ on by bo? ,pr(essor ,bates & ,dr4 ,caskey1 recalls ! delicacy ( execution 9 detail :i* is m5tion$ by ,pl9y z *>act]i/ic ( ,lysippan art4#bafh ,x surely po9ts to a date = ! "w n mu* if at all lat] ?an ! end ( ! c5tury :i* 0 made glori\s 9 ! hi/ory ( sculpture by ! labors ( ^! ?ree great ma/]s4 ,9 ! prec$+ acc\nt ,i h tacitly assum$ ) ,pr(essor ,bates t ! head f ,sp>ta repres5ts a be>dless ,h]akles4 ,b1 z ,dr4 ,caskey rem>ks1 "o might hesitate to accept ?is id5tification if x 7 n = ! attribute ( ! lion's sk9 above ! =ehead1 = "h !re is little indication ( ! /r5g? s *>act]i/ic ( lat] repres5tations ( ! h]o4 ,dr4 ,caskey1 h[ev]1 obs]ves t a head ( ,h]akles1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* "s h reg>d$ z an orig9al by ,praxiteles1 is ev5 m boyi% ?an ?is "o4 ,h[ev]1 x is v d\btful if ! ,sp>ta head %\ld be ref]r$ to a /atue ( ,h]akles at all4 ,pausanias m5tions only ?ree /atues ( ,h]akles 9 ,sp>ta1 to any "o ( :i* x seems futile to try to ref] ! head "u discussion2 ?us 9 ,,iii1 #ad4f1 he speaks ( an to :i* ! ,sphairians1 i4 e41 lads ent]+ on manhood1 sacrific$1 z /&+ on ! road to ! 1 outside ! city walls2 9 ! same book1 #ad4h1 he says t an image ( ! h]o /ood at ! end ( "o ( ! two bridges across ! moat to ,plane-tree ,grove1 i4 e41 ! boys' ex]cise-gr\nd2 & aga9 9 ?is book1 #ae4c1 he says t an ( ,h]akles /ood 9 ! ,h]akleion close to ! city wall1 ^: attitude 771 0 sugge/$ by ! battle betwe5 ! h]o & ,hippokon & 8 sons4 ,! same writ] enum]ates only ?ree o!r /atues ( ,h]akles 9 ,lakonia4 ,"o ( ^! 0 9 ! m>ket-place ( ,gy?ion 7,,iii1 #ba4h71 ano!r 9 front ( ! walls ( ,las beyond ,gy?ion 7,,iii1 #bd4f71 & ! ?ird on ,m\nt ,p>non ne> ! b\nd>ies ( ,argolis1 ,lakonia1 & ,tegea 7,,iii1 #aj4f74 ,! head "u discussion is m probably only "o m example ( ! idealiz+ t5d5cy ( a?letic ,greek art1 :i* assimilat$ ! type ( victor to t ( god4#bafi ,9 ! case ( ! ,agias ! sculptor pla9ly wi%$ to raise ! victor to ! ideal height ( ! h]o4 ,! same idealization is visible 9 ! head ascrib$ to ! /atue ( ,phil&ridas4 ,9 bo? ^! heads ! e>s1 :ile small1 are batt]$ & swoll52 ! rema9s ( ! e>s 9 ! head f ,sp>ta are too badly damag$ to indicate :e!r ^! 7 swoll5 or n4 ,b ev5 if !y 7 pres]v$ & 7 9 t condition1 !y w\ld n be a di/+ui%+ factor 9 det]m9+ :e!r ! head belong$ to ! /atue ( a victor or ( ,h]akles4 ,9 our consid]ation ( ! ,olympia head we saw by a comp>ison ) ! ,lansd[ne ,h]akles1 a /atue univ]sally recogniz$ z t ( ! h]o1 h[ fundam5tally diff]5t 7 ! two 9 _! :ole conception & h[ diff]5tly a highly idealiz$ a?lete & a h]o 7 treat$ by ! same sculptor4 ,! same might be said ( ! boyi% head f ,sp>ta1 :5 comp>$ ) a g5u9e head ( ,h]akles4 ,= ?is reason1 & because ( ! resemblance 9 expression betwe5 ! ,phil&ridas & ! head f ,sp>ta1 ,i am incl9$ to believe t ! latt]1 in/ead ( be+ a repres5tation ( a y\?ful ,h]akles1 is really ! idealiz$ portrait ( an a?lete1 probably t ( a boy victor1 ei!r 9 ! box+ or wre/l+ mat*1#bagj assimilat$ 9 =m to t ( ! h]o4#baga ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts1 ,,& ,,! ,,olde/ ,,dat$ ,,victor ,,/atue4#bagb ,,figures #gh-hj4 ,x has be5 assum$ pretty g5]ally by ar*ologi/s t ! victor /atues set up 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia 7 uni=mly ( bronze4 ,s*]]1 9 8 inaugural diss]tation de olympionic>um ,/atuis1 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahhe1 0 ! fir/ to discuss ! "q fully1#bagc & 8 argum5ts & conclusions h be5 foll[$1 = ! mo/ "p1 by lat] inve/igators4 ,?us ,ditt5b]g] & ,purgold /ate unequivocally t ^! /atues 7 8ausnahmslos aus ,bronze01#bagd :ile m rec5tly ,hitzig & ,bluemn]1 9 _! great comm5t>y on ,pausanias1 h aga9 pron\nc$ ! dictum t 8die ,sieg]/atu5 w>5 dur*weg von ,erz04#bage ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 h n be5 q s sweep+ 9 _! g5]alization4 ,?us ,wolt]s believes t ^! /atues1 because !y 7 set up 9 ! op51 7 8d] ,regel na*0 ( bronze1#bagf & ,furtwa5gl] & ,urli*s assume t !y 7 8fa/ auss*liessli* aus ,bronze04#bagg ,,! ,,case ,,= ,,bronze4 ,! argum5ts adduc$ by ,s*]] & o!rs 9 def5se ( ! cont5tion seem at fir/ sight1 al?\gh inf]5tial 9 "*1 q conclusive4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x has be5 po9t$ out t all ! /atu>ies m5tion$ by ,pausanias 9 8 victor p]iegesis1#bagh if record$ at all 9 ,pl9y's ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 appe> !re 9 ! catalogue ( bronze f\nd]s z work]s 9 bronze ' 1 :ile none ( !m is kn[n exclusively z a sculptor 9 m>ble4 ,z ,hageladas is ! fir/ 9 po9t ( "t1 :o fl\ri%$ f ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! second qu>t] ( ! fif?1#bagi ,s*]] believ$ t all /atues f 8 date d[n--po/]iorum temporum--7 ( bronze2 & z ,rhoikos & ,!odoros1 ! inv5tors ( bronze f\nd+1 fl\ri%$ ab\t ,ols4 #ej to #fj 7 #ehj to #edj ,b4 ,c471#bahj he believ$ t bronze might h be5 us$ up to _! date4 ,9 ! next place1 ! excavat$ bases1 :i* h be5 id5tifi$ z ^? ( victor monum5ts1 %[ footpr9ts ( bronze /atues4 ,?irdly1 actual bronze fragm5ts1 indubitably belong+ to victor /atues 7( :i* two are atte/$ by inscriptions71 7 f\nd dur+ ! excavations ( ! ,altis4 ,^! consi/ ( ! foll[+3 7a7 ,an inscrib$ convex piece ( bronze ( imp]ial times1 8ans*e95d vom ,s*5kel e9] ,bronze/atue h]ruehr5d40#baha 7b7 ,a simil> inscrib$ fragm5t ( ! same p]iod4#bahb 7c7 ,! rem>kable life-size portrait head ( a box] or pancratia/1 :i* we h already discuss$ & reproduc$ 7,fig4 #fa ,a & ,b74#bahc 7d7 ,a foot ( ma/]ly workman%ip 7,fig4 #fb7 ascrib$ by ,furtwa5gl]#bahd to ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,its position %[s t ! /atue ( :i* x 0 a "p 0 repres5t$ 9 motion1 & consequ5tly x has be5 assign$ to a victor /atue4 7e7 ,a beautifully model$ "r arm1 some:at "u life-size1 suppos$ly f ! /atue ( a boy victor4#bahe 7f7 ,a "r l[] leg ( excell5t workman%ip1 assign$ by ,furtwa5gl] to ! same p]iod z fragm5t e4#bahf ,/ill o!r bronze fragm5ts ( /atues f\nd at ,olympia may h belong$ to /atues ( victors1 especially to ^? ( boys4#bahg ,! small numb] ( su* fragm5ts recov]$--,s*]] wrongly ?\ght !re 0 none--is expla9$ by assum+ t all ( ^! /atues 7 ( bronze1 & consequ5tly 7 de/roy$ by ! b>b>ians 9 _! inroads into ,greece dur+ ! e>ly ,middle ,ages1 :5 ?is metal 0 mu* priz$4#bahh ,ano!r argum5t = believ+ t ^! /atues 7 ( bronze is ! sil5ce ( ,pausanias conc]n+ ! mat]ials employ$ 9 !m2 =1 9 8 enum]ation ( #aib su* monum5ts1 he m5tions ! mat]ial ( only two /atues1 ^? ( ! box] ,praxidamas ( ,aeg9a#bahi & ( ! ,opuntian pancratia/ ,rhexibios1#baij & he m5tions ^! because ( _! great antiquity1 peculi> position 9 ! ,altis ap>t f ! o!rs 7ne> ! column ( ,o9omaos71 & ! fact t !y 7 made ( wood4#baia ,fur!rmore1 9 8 book on ,a*aia !re occurs ?is passage 9 ref]5ce to ! /atue ( ! victor ,proma*os1 :i* 0 set up 9 ! ,gymnasion ( ,pell5e3 1 1 4#baib ,mo/ critics h inf]r$ f ^! la/ words1 8! "o 9 ! ,gymnasion be+ ( /one & n ( bronze10 t1 al?\gh ,pausanias says no?+ ab\t ! mat]ial ( /atues ( victors 9 ! ,altis 7b>r+ ! two j m5tion$71 by implication all ^! /atues 7 ( bronze2 & !y po9t out ! fact t o!r writ]s furni% no evid5ce conc]n+ ! mat]ial us$ 9 !m--an argum5t ex sil5tio to ! same effect4 ,besides ^! argum5ts _m o!rs h be5 urg$ on purely a priori gr\nds2 e4 g41 t1 s9ce ^! /atues /ood 9 ! op5 air1 subject to all k9ds ( wea!r+1 !y mu/ h be5 made ( bronze2#baic t metal /atues w\ld h be5 *eap] & m easily prep>$ ?an ^? ( m>ble2#baid t ! lat] ,peloponnesian s*ools ( a?letic sculpture1 :i* 7 *>act]iz$ by _! pr$ilection = bronze-f\nd+1 w\ld n[h]e h be5 m prom95tly 9 evid5ce ?an at ,olympia2 etc4 ,?us ! case = ! use ( metal 9 ^! /atues seems v well sub/antiat$1 &1 = ! reasons giv51 x c n be reasonably d\bt$ t ! va/ majority ( ^! monum5ts 7 made ( bronze4 ,b t !y 7 n exclusively ( metal1 & t !re 7 _m exceptions to ! g5]al rule1 n only c be conjectur$ on good gr\nds1 b c be prov$ by discov]ies made at ! excavations4 ,we %all briefly consid]1 !n1 ea* ( ! =ego+ argum5ts 9 turn1 & see :e!r1 9 ! light ( ! accumulat$ evid5ce1 !y are really z well f\nd$ z !y appe> to be4 ,,! ,,case ,,= ,,/one4 ,z = ! fir/ po9t1 t ! /atu>ies m5tion$ by ,pausanias appe> only 9 ,pl9y's catalogue ( bronze f\nd]s1 we mu/ rememb] t ,pausanias himself says#baie t he is mak+ only a selection ( ! victor monum5ts 9 ! ,altis1 ^? ( ! m fam\s a?letes4 ,!re=e1 ! #aib monum5ts 7( #ahg victors7#baif :i* he does m5tion mu/ be only a fraction ( ! multitude ( su* monum5ts :i* once /ood at ,olympia4 ,pl9y1 to be sure1 says t x 0 ! cu/om = all victors to set up /atues 9 ! ,altis2#baig b ?is ref]s only to ! privilege1 ( :i* _m victors c\ld n or did n avail !mselves on acc\nt ( pov]ty1 e>ly dea?1 or = o!r reasons4#baih ,/ill1 ! numb] ( su* d$ications mu/ h be5 v great4 ,manife/ly1 !re=e1 we %\ld n base an argum5t on ! numb] m5tion$4 ,!re mu/1 !n1 h be5 _m o!r arti/s employ$ at ,olympia1 "s ( :om may well h be5 work]s 9 m>ble4 ,besides1 ( ! /atu>ies actually nam$ by ,pausanias1 _m d n appe> at all 9 ,pl9y's "w1 & _m ( ^! may h be5 sculptors exclusively 9 /one4 ,( ! names f\nd 9 ,pl9y1 six at lea/--,kalamis1 ,kana*os1 ,euty*ides1 ,myron1 ,polykles1 & ,tim>*ides--appe> bo? 9 ! li/ ( bronze-work]s & 9 t ( m>ble-sculptors4#baii ,simil>ly1 9 answ] to ! second argum5t t ! excavat$ bases %[ footpr9ts ( bronze /atues1 we mu/ admit t only a fraction ( ! bases :i* once support$ /atues 9 ! ,altis h be5 recov]$4 ,n "o-fif? ( ! victors m5tion$ by ,pausanias are kn[n to u ?r\gh ^! bases4#bbjj ,! fact t actual rema9s ( bronze /atues h be5 excavat$ at ,olympia is mat*$ by ! fact t remnants ( m>ble /atues h also be5 f\nd2 & x does n seem reasonable1 9 ! light ( ! evid5ce adduc$ by ,treu1 ,furtwa5gl]1 & o!rs1 to reject ^! z fragm5ts ( actual victor /atues4 ,^! fragm5ts include ! foll[+3#bbja 7a1 b7 ,! two life-size ar*aic helmet$ heads 7,fig4 #cj7 :i* we h ascrib$ to hoplite victors4#bbjb 7c1 d1 e7 ,fragm5ts ( /atues ( boy victors3 c trunk ) left upp] leg1 ?ree-fif?s life-size 7,fig4 #gh72bbjc d brea/1 "o-half life-size2#bbjd e upp] "p ( legs ( a /atue1 two-?irds life-size4#bbje ,besides ^! ,treu also adduces fragm5ts ( f\r diff]5t boy /atues1 all ( :i* are less ?an life-size4#bbjf ,! retic5ce ( ,pausanias z to ! mat]ial us$ 9 ^! /atues is m]ely 9 accord ) 8 cu/om1 = he v r>ely m5tions ! mat]ials ( monum5ts1 & app>5tly only :]e monum5ts ( bronze & /one or o!r mat]ials /& close toge!r 9 a circumscrib$ area1 z = in/ance1 9 enum]at+ ! v>i\s monum5ts 9 ! ,h]aion at ,olympia4#bbjg ,! only inf]5ce1 !re=e1 to be drawn f ,pausanias' /atem5t ab\t ! /atue ( ,proma*os m5tion$ is t ?is p>ticul> /atue ( a victor at ,olympia 0 ( bronze4 ,we are n ju/ifi$ 9 go+ any fur!r4 ,besides ?is /one /atue at ,pell5e we h o!r actual notices ( m>ble /atues ( ,olympic victors outside ,olympia1 z ^? ( ,arrha*ion at ,phigalia#bbjh 7,fig4 #gi7 & ( ,agias by ,lysippos at ,delphi 7,pl4 #bh & ,fig4 #fh74 ,if !y exi/$ outside ,olympia1 !re is no reason :y !y %\ld n h exi/$ 9 ! ,altis also1 e4 g41 ! ,lysippan m>ble head f\nd !re1 :i* we assign$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] to ! ,ak>nanian victor ,phil&ridas 7,frontispiece1 & ,fig4 #fi74 ,_m ( ! old] /atues1 l t ( ,arrha*ion1 con=m$ ) ! 8,apollo0 type1 z we h %[n 9 ,*4 ,,iii1#e & d\btless _m su* at ,olympia 7 ( m>ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4--,small ,m>ble ,torso ( a ,boy ,victor1 f ,olympia4 ,museum ( ,olympia4 ,re9a*'s argum5t t /one /atues 9 ,greece1 because ( _! pat9a ( color1 7 int5d$ to be plac$ "u cov] 9 ! porticoes or cellas ( temples & else:]e1 :ile bronze ones 7 meant to /& 9 ! op5 air1 has be5 suffici5tly combatt$ by ,h4 ,le*at1#bbji :o argues t ! use ( pa9t 9 ,greek ar*itecture & on temple sculptures proves ! contr>y4 ,z ! pa9t 0 burnt 91 x 0 reasonably durable1 & if x did n prove s x 0 readily r5ew$4 ,at ,olympia1 among sev]al examples1 we may cite ! m>ble ,nike ( ,paionios1 :i* /ood 9 ! op5 9 ! space to ! ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus#bbaj 7see ,plans ,a & ,b71 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a bronze /atue ( ,aphrodite /ood )9 ! ,h]aion4#bbaa ,! argum5t t metal /atues 7 *eap] ?an m>ble mu/ also be que/ion$4#bbab ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ! pres5t "w we saw t1 = economy's sake1 _m victors set up small bronze /atuettes in/ead ( /atues at ,olympia1 numb]s ( :i* h be5 recov]$4 ,t su* d$ications 7 common else:]e is %[n by ! c\ntless a?lete /atuettes--especially diskoboloi--:i* are to be f\nd 9 all ,european museums4#bbac ,= simil> reasons victors w\ld *oose 9 place ( bronze ! less durable & *eap] /one1 z 9 ! cases ( ,arrha*ion & ,proma*os cit$1 or ev5 wood1 z 9 ^? ( ,rhexibios & ,praxidamas4 ,/ill o!rs1 especially boy victors1 w\ld set up small m>ble /atues1 two-fif?s to two-?irds life-size1 z ! fragm5ts ( ! sev5 examples collect$ by ,treu & already enum]at$ above %[4 ,?us we see t ! cont5tion t ! victor /atues at ,olympia 7 exclusively ( bronze1 9 ! light ( ! evid5ce adduc$1 is unt5able4 ,,! ,,/atue ,,( ,,arrha*ion ,,at ,,phigalia4 ,9 8 description ( ,arkadia1 ,pausanias m5tions see+ ! /one /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,arrha*ion 9 ! m>ket-place ( ,phigalia4 ,he describes x z ar*aic1 especially 9 pose1 ! feet be+ close toge!r & ! arms hang+ by ! sides to ! hips2 & adds t he 0 told t x once bore an inscription :i* _h become illegible 9 8 day4#bbad ,?is ,arrha*ion won ?ree victories at ,olympia 9 ! pankration 9 ,ols4 #eb-ed 7 #egb-efd ,b4 ,c474#bbae ,!re=e 8 /atue is "o ( ! olde/ victor monum5ts ( :i* we h record4 ,at s e>ly a date1 be=e individual types ( victor /atues _h be5 develop$1 we %\ld expect1 9 h>mony ) ! description ( ,pausanias1 t ?is /atue w\ld con=m 9 /yle ) ! well-kn[n ar*aic 8,apollo0 type1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( e>ly ,greek sculpture1 :i*1 z we saw 9 ,*apt] ,,iii1 is exemplifi$ 9 ! long s]ies ( /atues f\nd all ov] ! ,greek _w1 ! olde/ class be+ repres5t$ by ! example f ,!ra 7,fig4 #i71 & "o ( ! y\nge/ by t f ,t5ea ne> ,cor9? 7,pl4 #h;,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4--,/one ,/atue ( ! ,olympic ,victor ,arrha*ion1 f ,phigalia4 ,9 ! ,gu>ds' ,h\se at ,bassai 7,phigalia74 ,9 8 comm5t>y on ! passage ( ,pausanias1 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] records t dur+ a visit 9 ,may1 #ahij1 he saw a rec5tly discov]$ ar*aic /one /atue 9 a field j outside ,pavlitsa1 a village on ! site ( ! s\!a/]n prec9cts ( ! old city ( ,phigalia1 "s #b4e miles f ! temple ( ,apollo ,epik\rios at ,bassai4 ,he ?\ght t ?is /atue agre$ completely ) ,pausanias' description ( ,arrha*ion's1 ev5 to ! half-effac$ inscription :i* he transcrib$ f its brea/ j bel[ ! neck4#bbaf ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,svoronos1 ( ! ,national ,numismatic ,museum 9 ,a!ns1 ,i h be5 able to procure a photograph ( ! monum5t f ,k4 ,k\roniotis1 ! ,arkadian ,ephor ( antiquities /ation$ at ,bassai1 & ,i pres5t x h]e) 7,fig4 #gi74 ,! /atue is n[ c>$ = 9 ! h\se ( ! temple gu>ds4 ,?is /atue1 l all o!r examples ( ! s]ies1 repres5ts a nude y\? /&+ 9 a /iff1 con/ra9$ attitude4 ,x is badly mutilat$ & its surface is r\gh f wea!r+4 ,besides hav+ lo/ its head1 arms1 & ! l[] "p ( ! legs1 x has be5 brok5 into two p>ts across ! abdom54 ,! ends ( curls on ei!r side ( ! neck1 ext5d+ a few in*es ov] ! brea/1 %[ t ! head look$ /raight =w>d1 ?us foll[+ ! usual law ( 8frontality10#bbag :i* preclud$ any turn+ ( ! body2 = a m$ian l9e drawn d[n ?r\gh ! middle ( ! brea/bone1 ! navel1 & ! w\ld divide ! /atue into two equal halves4 ,! body %[s ! quadrangul> =m ( ! e>li] examples1 ! sculptor hav+ work$ 9 flat planes at "r angles to "o ano!r1 ) ! corn]s m]ely r\nd$ (f4 ,! rema9s ( arms brok5 (f j bel[ ! %\ld]s %[ t !y mu/ h hung close to ! sides4 ,! %\ld]s are broad & squ>e1 & display none ( ! slop+ l9es *>act]i/ic ( o!r examples1 z1 e4 g41 ! "o f ,t5ea4 ,f ! brea/ d[n ! body is sl5d]1 ! hips be+ v n>r[4 ,! legs %[ ! usual flatness & ! left "o is slightly advanc$1 z is uni=mly ! case 9 e "o ( ! s]ies4 ,!y are some:at m sep>at$ ?an 9 _m o!r examples4 ,! =m a rude pyramidal mass1 n be+ diff]5tiat$ z !y are1 e4 g41 9 ! /atues f ,naxos & ,or*om5os#bbah 7,fig4 #aj74 ,"s attempt at model+ is visible 9 ! muscles ( ! brea/ & l[] abdom54 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said t ! simil>ity 9 attitude ( ?is /atue to ,egyptian works impresses u1 z x does 9 all ! examples ( e>ly ,greek sculpture4 ,z ! subject ( ,ori5tal1 especially ,egyptian1 influ5ce on e>ly ,greek art has giv5 rise to v div]se views1 we %all make a %ort digression at ?is po9t to discuss ?is int]e/+ "q4 ,,egyptian ,,influ5ce ,,on ,,e>ly ,,greek ,,sculpture4 ,?is "q has be5 "u discussion 9 all its be>+s ev] s9ce ,brunn1 9 #ahec1 tri$ to demon/rate ! orig9ality ( ! ,daidalian 1#bbai b1 /rangely en\gh1 ar*ologi/s are n yet agre$ z to its prop] settlem5t4 ,:ile "s emphasize ! spontane\s orig9 ( ,greek art1 o!rs q z /rongly advocate t ! e>ly ,greek sculptor1 at lea/1 copi$ ,egyptian models4#bbbj ,?us ,furtwa5gl]1 :o e>ly assum$ a ,cretan orig9 = ! 8,apollo0 type ( /atues1#bbba lat] became conv9c$ t x develop$ 9 ,ionia ?r\gh ,greek contact ) ! colony ( ,naukratis 9 ,egypt1 :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,he conclud$ t ?is pla/ic type 8i/ bekanntli* ni*ts als die ,na*ahmung des ,haupttypus aegyptis*] /atu>is*] ,kun/04#bbbb ,simil>ly ,collignon traces ! ar*aic male type to ,egyptian influ5ce1 & assumes t ?is influ5ce f ! ,nile valley 0 ex]t$ on ! ,greek arti/ be=e ! latt] half ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#bbbc ,on ! o!r h&1 ,h4 ,le*at1 9 8 review ( ! evolution ( ,greek sculpture f its beg9n+1 believes t ! e>ly sculptor ow$ b little to ,egypt or ! ,ea/4#bbbd ,deonna entirely rejects ! assumption ( ,egyptian influ5ce1 believ+ t all ! s-call$ *>act]i/ics ( e>ly ,greek /atues c be expla9$ z ! result ( natural evolution 9 ,greece itself4#bbbe ,von ,ma* also completely excludes all =eign influ5ce :5 he says3 8,9 h] sculpture at lea/1 ,greece 0 indep5d5t ( influ5ce ( any "o ( ! c\ntries t c at all come "u consid]ation 9 ?is connection1 ,phnicia1 ,assyria1 & ,egypt40#bbbf ,b "h1 z 9 s _m que/ions ab\t ,greek art1 ! tru? mu/ lie betwe5 ! two extremes4#bbbg ,! economic conditions ( e>ly ,greece c]ta9ly prove t ! ,greeks 7 dep5d5t on outside peoples 9 _m ways1 & !re is no a priori reason = d5y+ ?is dep5d5ce 9 art4 ,we cle>ly see ,egyptian influ5ce1 = example1 9 ! ceil+ ( ! treasury ( ,or*om5os1#bbbh & t ! ,greeks le>n$ _m animal decorative =ms z well z a correct obs]vation ( nature f ,assyrian art is cle>1 if we /udy ! be/ examples ( ! late p]iod ( t art1 ! reliefs f ! palace ( ,assurbanipal at ,n9eveh 7,konyonjik71 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,su* decorative designs c\ld be easily transmitt$ to ! ,greeks by ! ,phnicians on embroid]$ fabrics4 ,x seems reasonable1 !re=e1 to assume t e>ly ,greek arti/s1 especially 9 ! ,greek colonies to ! ea/ & s\? ( ,greece1 7 acqua9t$ ) e>li] models & especially ) ^? ( ,egypt4 ,! ,greeks !mselves ( a lat] date recogniz$ ?is debt to ,egypt4 ,?is is %[n by _m passages 9 ,pausanias1 :i* m5tion ! simil>ity exi/+ betwe5 e>ly ,greek & ,egyptian sculptures1#bbbi & by ! curi\s tale told by ,diodoros ab\t ! ,samian arti/ family ( ,rhoikos1 accord+ to :i* ! latt]'s two sons made ! two halves ( ! /atue ( ! ,py?ian ,apollo = ,samos sep>ately1 ,telekles work+ 9 ,samos & ,!odoros 9 ,ephesos4 ,:5 jo9$ toge!r ! two p>ts fitt$ exactly1 j z if !y _h be5 made by "o & ! same arti/4 ,diodoros adds t 1 4#bbcj ,su* a /ory is valuable 9 t x %[s t ! lat] ,greeks believ$ t !y _h adopt$ ! conv5tional ,egyptian canon ( proportions4 ,if we comp>e any ( ! 8,apollo0 /atues ) ,egyptian /&+ figures ( any p]iod ( ,egyptian art1 z ,bulle has done1 ! resemblances 9 detail betwe5 ! two types w be f\nd to be v /rik+4 ,?us f ! ,old ,k+dom 7,memphitic71 :i* includ$ ! fir/ eight dyna/ies ( ,mane?o1#bbca we may cite ! pa9t$ lime/one /atue ( ,ra-nef] & ! wood5 "o ( ,tepemankh 9 ! ,museum ( ,cairo 7,fig4 #hj71 two m5 prom95t 9 ! fif? dyna/y2#bbcb or ! wood /atue ( ,ka-ap]1 ! s-call$ ,%eik-el-,bel$1 :i* repres5ts ! apogee ( ,memphitic art1 & t ( 8 8wife10 )\t legs or arms1 ! two /atues be+ f\nd simil>ly 9 a grave at ,sakk>ah 7,memphis71 & n[ be+ 9 ! same museum4#bbcc ,f ! ,middle ,k+dom1 includ+ ! elev5? to ! sev5te5? dyna/ies1#bbcd we may m5tion ! pa9t$ /atue f\nd at ,dah%ur & n[ 9 ,cairo1 :i* repres5ts ,horfuabra1 ! co-reg5t ( ,am5emhat ,,iii1 :o 0 "o ( ! k+s ( ! twelf? dyna/y4#bbce ,f ! ,new ,empire1 includ+ ! eighte5? to ! tw5tie? dyna/ies1#bbcf we cite ! drap$ wood /atue ( ! prie/ess ,tui1 a gem ( ,egyptian art1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 a grave ne> ,gurna1 & is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre2#bbcg & la/ly ! drap$ alaba/] /atue ( ,que5 ,am5]dis 7or ,am5>tas7 9 ,cairo1 ! wife ( ! ,ae?iopian ,k+ ,piankhi1 :o began to absorb ,egypt by #gba-gbb ,b4 ,c41 j be=e ! tw5ty-f\r? dyna/y4#bbch ,aft] ! e>ly dyna/ies1 ! ,egyptian type ( /atue 0 r$uc$ to a fix$ & me*anical canon1 :i* 0 us$ ov] & ov] aga9 ) lifeless monotony4 ,9 all ^! /atues1 ^: dates ext5d ov] a p]iod ( _m c5turies1 we note ! same te*nical *>act]i/ics :i* are obs]vable 9 ! ,greek 8,apollos10 ) ! exception t ! latt] are always nude & lifelike4 ,^! *>act]i/ics may be summ>iz$ ?us3 long hair fall+ d[n ov] ! %\ld]s 9 a mass2#bbci %\ld]s broad 9 comp>ison ) ! hips2 arms hang+ d[n /iffly by ! sides#bbdj or crook$ at ! elb[s2#bbda h&s clos$1 ) ! ?umbs fac+ =w>d & t\*+ ! ends ( ! index f+]s2 ! left leg slightly advanc$ & ! soles plac$ flat on ! gr\nd2 high e>s1#bbdb & ! upp] body & head turn$ /raight to ! front4#bbdc ,only m9or diff]5ces 9 ! two types appe>4 ,?us ! left foot is always fur!r advanc$ 9 ! ,egyptian ?an 9 ! ,greek /atues1 s t ! =m] appe> to h less movem5t & life4#bbdd ,s9ce !re is no trace ( ?is type 9 ,myc5an art x seems impossible n to conclude t 9 "s way1 d\btless ?r\gh ,ionian s\rces1 x 0 orig9ally borr[$ f ,egypt4 ,! imitation ( ! ,egyptian models1 h[ev]1 0 nev] slavi%ly done4 ,! ,greek arti/ imm$iately r5d]$ ! type 8 own by mak+ x nude1#bbde & by transmut+ ! ab/ract lifeless s*ema ( ! ,egyptians into a highly individualiz$ "o *>act]iz$ by life & vigor4#bbdf ,?is ,egyptian influ5ce1 x mu/ be rem>k$1 0 op]ative only 9 ! initial /age ( ,greek sculpture2 x 0 soon lo/1 z ! ,greek arti/ came to rely ^u himself4 ,f4 ,a4 ,lange has truly said3 8,die wahre ,unabha5gigkeit d] hell5is*5 ,kultur ruht 9 ihr] ,voll5dung1 ni*t 9 ihr5 ,anfa5g504#bbdg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--,/atues ( ,ra-nef] & ,tepemankh1 f ,sakk>ah4 ,museum ( ,cairo4 ,aft] ?is digression we w return to ! /atue ( ,arrha*ion4 ,dr4 ,fraz] 0 unable to deciph] ! inscription ^u ! brea/ ) c]ta9ty1 b made out ! foll[+ lett]s1 ! la/ f\r ( :i* are pla9ly visible 9 ! photograph3 4 ,he believ$ !m to be ar*aic & ! fir/ in/ance ( an inscription on ?is class ( /atues4 ,he ?\ght t ! "n 0 t ( a man1 :i* favor$ ! view t ! 8,apollo0 /atues repres5t$ mortals r ?an gods4 ,! lett]s =m a comb9ation manife/ly n ,greek1 & s may h no significance2 x is ev5 possible t !y 7 engrav$ 9 mod]n times4#bbdh ,9 any case we h ! /atem5t ( ,pausanias t ! inscription 0 illegible 9 8 day4 ,!re seems little d\bt1 !n1 t ?is mutilat$ & wea!r-worn /atue is ! v "o se5 & describ$ by ,pausanias & ref]r$ by him to ! victor ,arrha*ion4#bbdi ,x is pres5t$ "h = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is ! olde/ dat$ ,olympic victor /atue 9 exi/5ce4 ,only ?ree old] ones are record$1 & none ( ^! has surviv$ to our "t4 ,^! ?ree are ! /atues ( ! ,sp>tan ,eutelidas at ,olympia1 :o won ! boys' wre/l+ & p5ta?lon mat*es 9 ,ol4 #ch 7 #fbh ,b4 ,c472#bbej ( ! ,a!nian ,kylon on ! ,akropolis1 :o won ! d\ble runn+-race 9 ,ol4 #ce 7 #fdj ,b4 ,c472#bbea ( ! ,sp>tan ,hetoimokles at ,sp>ta1 :o won five times 9 wre/l+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4#bbeb ,! /atue ( ,oibotas ( ,dyme1 :o won ! /ade-race 9 ,ol4 #f 7 #gef ,b4 ,c471 0 n set up until ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c472#bbec t ( ! ,sp>tan ,*ionis1 :o won five runn+-races 9 ,ols4 #bh-ca 7 #ffh-fef ,b4 ,c471 0 made lat] by ,myron4#bbed ,pausanias' /atem5t 7,,vi4 #ah4g7 t ! wood5 /atues ( ,praxidamas & ,rhexibios1 :o won 9 ,ols4 #ei & #fa respectively 7 #edd & #ecf ,b4 ,c471 7 ! olde/ at ,olympia1 is ( c\rse incorrect4 ,9 ! second place1 ! /atue ( ,arrha*ion actually proves :at has (t5 be5 assum$1 t "s ( ! /atues class$ z 8,apollos0 are really victor monum5ts4 ,z ?is "q has provok$ a good deal ( discussion 9 rec5t ye>s1 ,i w briefly review ! argum5ts by :i* ! op9ion has gradually ga9$ acceptance4 ,,e>ly ,,victor ,,/atues ,,& ,,! 8,,apollo0 ,,type4 ,z ! e>li] examples ( ! s]ies 7 discov]$ "u peculi> circum/ances1 !y gave no clue to _! mean+4 ,?us ! 8,apollo0 ( ,naxos 0 f\nd 9 ! qu>ries ( ! isl&1 :ile t f ,or*om5os 7,fig4 #aj7 0 fir/ se5 9 ! conv5t ( ,skrip\1 its exact prov5i5ce be+ unkn[n4 ,f ! fir/ !y 7 d5om9at$ 8,apollos10 *iefly because ( _! long hair#bbee & nudity1#bbef :ile ! exi/5ce ( _m small bronzes 9 ! same s*ema d$icat$ to ! god1#bbeg & cult /atues ( simil> pose appe>+ on vase- & wall-pa9t+s1#bbeh help$ to make ! id5tification m probable4 ,c]ta9 anci5t texts1 describ+ ar*aic /atues ( ,apollo 9 ?is pose1 7 also cit$ z evid5ce1 & x 0 po9t$ out t _m ( ^! /atues 7 actually f\nd 9 or ne> sanctu>ies ( ! god4 ,?us ,diodoros1 9 8 description ( ! ( ! ,py?ian ,apollo made = ! ,samians by ,telekles & ,!odoros1 :i* we h already m5tion$1 says3 1 4#bbei ,probably ! gild$ image by ! ,cretan ,*eirisophos 9 ! temple ( ,apollo at ,tegea 0 ( ?is type4#bbfj ,! lat] type ( 8,apollo10 ) ! arms ext5d$ at ! elb[s1 0 d\btless foll[$ 9 ! /atue ( ,apollo made = ! ,delians by ,tektaios & ,angelion1#bbfa & 9 ! works ascrib$ to ,dipo9os & ,skyllis & _! s*ool4 ,x w\ld be easy to give an ext5d$ li/ ( su* 8,apollo0 /atues f\nd 9 sanctu>ies4#bbfb ,we might in/ance "o f ,naukratis1 ,egypt2#bbfc "o f ,delos2#bbfd two f ,aktion2#bbfe sev]al f ,m\nt ,ptoion 9 ,botia2#bbff a copy ( ! head ( ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo 7,pl4 #g;,a7 f\nd 9 ,kyr5e4#bbfg ,/ill o!rs h be5 f\nd 9 tem5oi ( temples1 e4 g41 two 9 t ( ,apollo at ,naukratis1#bbfh & "o 9 t ( ,aphrodite !re4#bbfi ,h[ev]1 aga9/ ?is exclusive int]pretation d\bts h be5 rais$ ) ev]-increas+ precision1 until n[ we c pr$icate ) c]ta9ty :at ,loes*ke long ago assum$1 t ! m /atues ( ! s]ies !re are f\nd1 ! less probable w x become t !y %\ld all be ascrib$ to ,apollo4#bbgj ,conze & ,mi*aelis fir/ argu$ on ! basis ( ,pausanias' description ( ,arrha*ion's /atue t ?is type 0 employ$ = victor /atues4#bbga ,ko]te's objection to _! view on ! gr\nd ( ! long hair 0 refut$ by ,wald/e91 :o demon/rat$ t a?letes 7 n repres5t$ ) %ort hair until aft] ! ,p]sian w>s2 he po9t$ out t ! ar*aic grave-figures ( ! mortals ,d]mys & ,kitylos discov]$ at ,tanagra1 :i* 7 sculptur$ 9 a con/ra9$ attitude analog\s to t ( ! 8,apollos10 _h long hair4#bbgb ,we n[ "k t ! hair ( "s ( ! 8,apollos0 is %ort1 :i* %[s ! irrelevancy ( ?is argum5t1#bbgc & we also "k t nudity *>act]izes _m ar*aic /atues ( mortals4 ,nor d we le>n mu* f d$ications1 = we h examples ( /atues ( gods d$icat$ to o!r gods & ev5 to goddesses4#bbgd ,ex votos 7 (t5 m conc]n$ ) ! d$icator ?an ) ! god to :om ! /atue 0 d$icat$4 ,d\btless ! cult /atues portray$ on vase-pa9t+s are actually ^? ( ,apollo1 = at ?is epo* o!r gods1 su* z ,h]mes & ,dionysos1 are be>d$4#bbge ,moreov]1 t a m advanc$ s*ema = repres5t+ ! god ,apollo _h already become fix$ t[>d ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we "k f anci5t descriptions ( ! /atue ( ! god made = ! ,delians by ,tektaios & ,angelion1 :i* repres5t$ him 9 ! usual ar*aic attitude1 i4 e41 ( ! /atue ( ,arrha*ion1 b ) ! notable diff]5ce t ! =e>ms 7 out/ret*$4#bbgf ,t ?is 0 ! recogniz$ type 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 is atte/$ by ! bronze /atue ( ! god fa%ion$ by ! eld] ,kana*os ( ,sikyon = ,bran*idai1 ! pose ( :i* is kn[n f sev]al /atuettes & f a long s]ies ( ,milesian co9s4#bbgg ,= cons]vative reasons ?is favorite pose 0 kept = cult /atues ev5 into ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 z we le>n f repres5tations on co9s ( ! gold5 /atue ( ! god set up 9 ! inmo/ %r9e ( ! temple at ,delphi4#bbgh ,b t _m ( ! e>li] examples ( ! 8,apollo0 s]ies d repres5t ! god1 %\ld n be d5i$4 ,we agree ) ,homolle t ! old appellation 8,apollo10 aft] hav+ receiv$ too mu* favor1 has n[ by reaction become c5sur$ too sev]ely1 & 9 g5]al %\ld /ill be appli$ to ^? /atues ( ! s]ies :i* h be5 discov]$ 9 or ne> sanctu>ies ( ! god1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any o!r indication to ! contr>y1 also to ^? :i* /& ^u bases inscrib$ ) d$ications to him4#bbgi ,su* a /atue 0 f\nd on ! isl& ( ,?asos at ! bottom ( ! cella ( ! temple ( ,apollo at ,alki & is n[ 9 ,con/ant9ople4#bbhj ,! colossal /atue f\nd on ! isl& ( ,delos j s\? ( ! temple ( ,apollo1#bbha & ! huge torso discov]$ 9 ,meg>a#bbhb may be ref]r$ to ! god1 = _! size favors an ascription to a deity r ?an to mortals4 ,& _m o!r examples ( ! type f\nd 9 sanctu>ies may v well repres5t ,apollo & o!r gods4#bbhc ,t sev]al ( ! s]ies 7 also fun]>y 9 "* is abundantly prov$ by ! fact t !y 7 discov]$ 9 ! neighborhood ( tombs4 ,?us ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea 7,pl4 #h;,a7 decorat$ a tomb 9 ! necropolis ( ,t5ea ne> ,cor9?4#bbhd ,likewise ! example f ,!ra 7,fig4 #i7 0 f\nd 9 a rock-cut ni*e4#bbhe ,ano!r1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 0 f\nd 9 ! dromos ( a tomb on ! isl& ( ,cyprus1#bbhf :ile a f\r? 0 une>!d f ! necropolis ( ,meg>a ,hyblaia 9 ,sicily4#bbhg ,! "o f\nd at ,volom&ra 9 ,attika 9 #aijj 0 also f\nd 9 an old cemet]y4#bbhh ,^! furni% pro( en\gh ( ! sepul*ral "* ( _m ( ^! /atues4 ,su* fun]>y monum5ts may1 ( c\rse1 h be5 be5 set up also 9 memory ( victors4 ,we are n[ 9 a position1 on ! basis ( ,pausanias' description ( ,arrha*ion's /atue & ! actual monum5t itself1 to ma9ta9 ) c]ta9ty :at hi!rto has be5 conjectur$ only1 t al?\gh "s ( ^! ar*aic sculptures repres5t ,apollo & o!r gods1 sepul*ral d$ications1 & ex votos 9 g5]al1 o!rs 7 int5d$ to repres5t a?letes also4 ,d\btless ! o!r e>ly victor monum5ts record$1 su* z ! wood5 /atues ( ,praxidamas & ,rhexibios1 & ^? ( ,eutelidas1 ,kylon1 & ,hetoimokles1 already discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,,iii1 con=m$ ) ! e>li] type1 :ile t ( ,milo1 describ$ by ,philo/ratos1#bbhi con=m$ ) ! lat]4 ,c]ta9 examples ( ! s]ies h already be5 ascrib$ to victors4 ,?us ! m>ble head ( ,attic workman%ip f\nd 9 or ne> ,a!ns & kn[n z ! ,rayet-,jacobs5 head 7,fig4 #bb71 has be5 ref]r$ to a pancratia/ because ( its swoll5 & de=m$ e>s4#bbij ,c]ta9 /atuettes ( ! same pose z ! 8,apollos0 h be5 look$ ^u z copies ( a?lete /atues4#bbia ,s ! e>ly d\bts#bbib z to ! mean+ ( ^! ar*aic sculptures h be5 resolv$ 9 _m cases4 ,we h add$ "o well-atte/$ example to %[ t !y sometimes repres5t$ victor monum5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,positions ,,( ,,victor ,,/atues ,,9 ,,! ,,altis2 ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts ,,erect$ ,,outside ,,olympia2 ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,/atu>ies4#bbic ,,plans ,a ,,& ,b4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is f9al *apt] is a special /udy 9 ! topography ( ! ,altis at ,olympia4 ,x is an attempt to fix1 m or less exactly1 ! positions ( victor /atues erect$ !re1 s f> z ^! c be det]m9$ f ! data furni%$ by ,pausanias1 & f ! locations ( ! inscrib$ fragm5t>y bases ( ! /atues :i* h be5 recov]$ dur+ ! excavations at ,olympia4 ,,/atues ,,m5tion$ ,,by ,,pausanias4 ,we %all fir/ attempt to give ! positions ( ! /atues m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 :o is our *ief s\rce ( in=mation4 ,aft] describ+ ! votive (f]+s 77 at ! end ( ,book ,v1 he beg9s ! enum]ation ( ! monum5ts ( 8race-horses 444 & a?letes & private individuals0 at ! beg9n+ ( ,book ,,vi4#bbid ,?is description falls into two r\tes 771 ! fir/ ( :i* is conc]n$ ) ! /atues ( #afh victors1#bbie & ! second ) ^? ( #ai4bbif ,bo? acc\nts also include _m 8honor0 monum5ts erect$ to private p]sons4 ,! fir/ r\te beg9s at ! ,h]aion 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! sacr$ enclosure1 :ile ! second beg9s--manife/ly :]e ! fir/ ends--at ! ,leonidaion at its s\?we/]n corn]1 & ext5ds to a po9t ne> ! s-call$ ,great ,alt> ( ,zeus ne> ! c5tre ( ! ,altis 7see ,plans ,a & ,b74#bbig ,besides ^! meagre indications ( 8 two r\tes furni%$ by ,pausanias himself1 we are =tunate 9 kn[+ exactly ! position ( "o /atue1 t ( ,telema*os1 ! #abb;d victor m5tion$1 ! base ( :i* /ill /&s 9 situ ne> ! ,s\? wall ( ! ,altis1 a little s\!a/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 %[+ t ! r\te pass$ be=e ! ea/]n front ( ?is temple & !nce we/w>d to ! ,leonidaion4 ,) ^! data & ) ! help ( "s =ty inscrib$ bases ( /atues & o!r monum5ts m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 _m ( :i* 7 f\nd 9 or ne> _! orig9al positions1 x is possible to trace yet m def9itely 8 r\tes4 ,sev]al attempts h be5 made1 s9ce ! ,g]man excavations1 to def9e topographically ! positions ( ^! /atues1 especially by ,hirs*feld1#bbih ,s*]]1#bbii ,flas*1#bcjj ,do]pfeld1#bcja & ! pres5t writ]4#bcjb ,! position ( sev]al inscrib$ base-fragm5ts ( /atues1 correspond+ ) ,pausanias' ord] ( pres5tation1 %\ld alone be suffici5t to confute ! d\bts rais$ by "s s*ol>s t ^! r\tes ?r\gh ! ,altis 7 n topographical4#bcjc ,b 9 any attempt to recon/ruct !m we mu/ con/antly be on our gu>d aga9/ assum+ t ,pausanias describes a cont9u\s l9e or r[ ( monum5ts1 z bo? ,hirs*feld & ,s*]] h done4 ,?\gh "h & !re ?is may h be5 true1 /ill1 g5]ally speak+1 we mu/ conceive ( ^! /atues z be+ /rewn ab\t ! ,altis 9 no o!r ord] ?an t !y /ood 9 gr\ps1 & t ^! gr\ps _h only a g5]al direction2 = we %all see t ,pausanias sometimes returns to ! same spot )\t m5tion+ x & (t5 leaves long spaces unnotic$4 ,ap>t f ! indication ( su* gr\ps 9 ! description itself1 z atte/$ by ! use ( su* words z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 441 ,i h already %[n 9 my previ\s "w t x is possible to recon/ruct _m o!r gr\ps1 = abundant pro( is !re giv5 t /atues ( ne>ly contemporane\s victors 7 (t5 gr\p$ toge!r1 z 7 ^? ( ! same family or /ate1 or ^? victori\s 9 ! same conte/1 or ^? ^: /atues 7 made by ! same arti/4#bcjd ,s1 9 g5]al1 we c gr\p only c]ta9 /atues 9 belts or 8zones0 ar\nd "s build+ or monum5t :i* is /ill 9 situ4 ,fur!r ?an ?is we c seldom g4 ,w4 ,gurlitt has ?us well express$ ! difficulty ( foll[+ ^! r\tes ( ,pausanias3 8,j$e folg5de ,/atue i/ na* d] vorh]geh5d5 ori5tirt zu d5k5 444 ,beziehung5 auf frueh] od] spaet] erwaehnte ,monum5te w>5 ueb]fluessig 444 wir s9d 444 auf w5ige ,fixpunkte angewies5 und v]fall5 dah] lei*t 9 d5 ,fehl]1 die ,wegri*tung5 9 d5 ,plan zu s*ematis* e9zuzei*n54444 ,das ,h9 und ,h] auf d5 viel v]s*lung55 ,weg5 d] ,altis ko5n5 wir ni*t mehr controlli]504#bcje ,9 8 description ( ! scatt]$ alt>s 7,v1 #ad4d-ae4ab71 ,pausanias _h n ! same problem to meet z 9 t ( ! victor /atues4 ,z !re 0 s little cont9uity 9 describ+ ! alt>s1 :i* 7 /rewn all ov] ! ,altis1 he _h to introduce _m o!r monum5ts to make _! locations kn[n2 b 9 ! case ( ! victor /atues !re 0 great cont9uity1 & consequ5tly su* indications w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s4#bcjf ,&1 9 g5]al1 ow+ to ! numb] & v>iety ( monum5ts cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! circumscrib$ area ( ! ,altis1 he 0 n compell$ to describe ,olympia ) su* def9ite detail z ,a!ns4 ,t ^! victor /atues1 h[ev]1 are describ$ 9 topographical ord] is n only atte/$ by ! int]nal evid5ce ( ,pausanias' words1#bcjg b also by ! f9d+ ( _m ( _! bases 9 ! ord] ( 8 pres5tation4 ,) ?is introductory w>n+1 let u take up ! r\tes ( ,pausanias 9 detail4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ephodos ,,( ,,pausanias4 ,pausanias beg9s 8 enum]ation 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,altis3 #bcjh--words :i* h be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion z to :e!r !y are to be und]/ood ( ! temple pro p]sona1 i4 e41 ! s\!rn side1#bcji or ( ! viewpo9t ( "o fac+ x1 i4 e41 ! space 7especially ! nor!rn or "r h& half7 be=e ! ea/]n front4#bcaj ,f ! imm$iate :]eab\ts ( ,pausanias we get no clue2 = at ! end ( ,book ,v 7#bg4aa7 he says t he is 9 ! middle ( ! ,altis1 & yet 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph 7#bg4ab7--;evid5tly add$ z a transition f ! acc\nt ( ! alt>s to t ( ! victors--he m5tions ! trophy ( ! p ( ,m5de1 9 ,?race1 :i* he says he ne>ly mi/ook = ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,anau*idas 7#aca71 & ?is1 z we %all see1 /ood ne> ! ,s\? wall ( ! ,altis f> f ! c5tre4 ,do]pfeld's cont5tion1 !re=e1 t ,pausanias approa*$ ! ,h]aion f ?is po9t1 & t consequ5tly ! words mu/ ref] to its ea/]n front1 is unt5able1 & we are left dep5d5t on ! mean+ ( ^! words z ga!r$ f o!r passages 9 ,pausanias' "w4 ,an exam9ation ( sev]al su* passages seems to be conv9c+ t !y are us$ "h ( ! ,h]aion pro p]sona4#bcaa ,fur!rmore1 ! f9d+ ( ! inscrib$ tablet f ! base ( ! /atue ( ,troilos 7#f7 & ! p$e/al ( t ( ,kyniska 7#g7 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,prytaneion1 i4 e41 n f> f ! we/]n end ( ! ,h]aion1 & ! base ( t ( ,sophios 7#bb7 9 ! b$ ( ! ,kladeos /ill fur!r we/1#bcab makes x reasonable to conclude t ! fir/ /atues m5tion$ 7,,vi1 #a4c-c4g71 ^? ( ! ,sp>tan gr\p 7,kyniska-,li*as1 #g-ad71 all ( ! fif? c5tury1 ,b4 ,c41 flank$ on ei!r side by /atues ( ! f\r?1 mo/ly ( ,eleans 7,symma*os-,troilos1 #a-f1 & ,timo/h5es-,eupolemos1 #ae-bh71 orig9ally /ood 9 ! ord] nam$ by ,pausanias along ! s\!rn front ( ! temple4#bcac ,leav+ ! ,h]aion1 we get no fur!r fix$ po9t until we arrive opposite ! ea/]n front ( ! temple ( ,zeus4 ,= "h ar\nd ! f\ndation ( ! /atue ( ! ,eretrian ,bull--/ill 9 situ #cb met]s ea/ ( ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! temple 7see ,plans ,a & ,b7#bcad--;h be5 f\nd fragm5ts ( ! p$e/als ( ! /atues ( ,n>ykidas 7#di7 & ,hellanikos 7#fe7 to ! s\?1 ( ,kallias 7#ej7 & ,eukles 7#eb71 b5ea? t ( ,kallias1 to ! nor?1 ( ,eu?ymos 7#ef7 & ,*>mides 7#eh7 close toge!r to ! ea/4#bcae ,s x is cle> t ! s]ies ( /atues f ,n>ykidas to ,*>mides 7#di-eh1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4 #a-g4a7 /ood 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,n[ ! /atues ( ! family ( ,diagoras1 ! ,rhodian a?lete1 /ood toge!r 7#ei-fc71 z ,pausanias says 7,,vi1 #g4a-b72 "o ( !m1 t ( ,eukles 7#eb71 seems to h be5 mov$ f its orig9al position lat]1 z we le>n f a s*olia/ on ,p9d>'s sev5? ,olympian ode1#bcaf :o1 on ! au?ority ( ! lo/ works ( ,ari/otle & ,apollas on ! ,olympic victors1#bcag enum]ates ^! /atues 9 an ord] diff]5t f t adopt$ by ,pausanias1 %[+ t a *ange 9 _! positions mu/ h tak5 place "s "t betwe5 ! date ( ,ari/otle & t ( ! ,p]iegete4#bcah ,! /atues ( ,alka9etos & 8 son ,hellanikos 7#fd-fe7 mu/ also h /ood toge!r4 ,inasmu* z ! victors f ,eu?ymos to ,lyk9os 7#ef-fh7 are1 ) "o exception1 all pugili/s or pancratia/s & ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 !y mu/ h be5 gr\p$ toge!r1 ) ! family gr\ps ( ,diagoras & ,alka9etos 9 ! c5tre4#bcai ,we may also add ! /atues ( ,dromeus & ,py?okles#bcbj 7#fi-gj7 ( ne>ly ! same date1 & we c also ext5d ! gr\p 9 ! o!r direction2 = ! same s*olia/ says t ! /atue ( ,diagoras /ood ne> t ( ! ,sp>tan ,lys&ros 7#ce a74#bcba ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #c4ad & #d4a7 says t ! /atue ( ,lys&ros /ood betwe5 ^? ( ,pyrilampes & ,a!naios 7#ce-cf74 ,?us we c conclude t ! #cf /atues 7#ce-gj1 ,,vi1 #c4ac-g4aj7 /ood 9 ! zone ( ! ,eretrian ,bull1 ext5d+ p]haps across ! ,altis to ! vic9ity ( ! ,e*o ,colonnade along its ea/]n b\nd>y4 ,x w\ld foll[1 !n1 t ! int]v5+ /atues f ,oibotas to ,x5ophon 7#bi-cd1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4h-c4ac7 /ood some:]e betwe5 ! ,h]aion & ! ,eretrian ,bull4 ,x is idle to discuss ! r\te betwe5 ^! two monum5ts m def9itely4#bcbb ,our next fix$ po9t is ! ,victory ( ,paionios1 ^: f\ndation is /ill /&+ 9 its orig9al position1 #cg met]s due ea/ ( ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! temple ( ,zeus4#bcbc ,=1 ( ! next few /atues m5tion$1 ! base ( t ( ,sosikrates 7#ga7 0 f\nd 8some:]e0 ea/ ( ! temple1 t ( ,kritodamos 7#hj7 be=e ! 8,s\!a/ ,build+10 & t ( ,x5okles 7#he71 #d met]s to ! nor!a/ ( ! ,victory base1 presumably ne> its orig9al position4#bcbd ,pausanias gr\ps ! ?ree ,arkadian a?letes1 ,eu?ym5es-,kritodamos 7#gh-hj1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4e72 !n1 aft] nam+ f\r /atues ( victors f o!r /ates1 he m5tions two m ,arkadians toge!r1 ,x5okles & ,alketos 7#he-hf1 ,,vi1 #i4b72 & he cont9ues by say+ t ! /atues ( ! ,argives ,ari/eus & ,*eimon 7#hg-hh1 ,,vi1 #i4c7 /ood toge!r4 ,"o m /atue1 t ( ,phill5 or ,philys#bcbe ( ,elis 7#hi71 is nam$ be=e he comes to ! *>iot ( ,gelo4 ,?us we may conclude t ! s]ies ( /atues d5ot$ by ! numb]s #ga-hi 7,p41 ,,vi1 #h4a-i4d7 /ood to ! s\? ( ! ,eretrian ,bull 9 ! p>allel zone ( ! ,victory4 ,we next come to ! s]ies ( /atues m5tion$ betwe5 ! *>iots ( ,gelo & ,kleo/h5es 7#ij-ii74 ,! position ( ! bases ( ^! *>iots is practically c]ta94 ,9 describ+ ! /atues ( ,zeus 9 ,book ,v1 ,pausanias says he is proce$+ nor? f ! ,c\ncil-h\se 7#bc4a71 & fir/ m5tions a /atue ( ,zeus set up by ! ,greeks :o f\ght at ,plata2 9 describ+ ! victor /atues he says t ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es /&s beh9d ?is /atue ( ,zeus 7,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4f74 ,aft] describ+ ! ,zeus ( ,plata1 he m5tions a bronze inscrib$ tablet z /&+ 9 front ( x 7,v1 #bc4d71 :i* record$ ! ?irty ye>s' treaty ( peace betwe5 ,sp>ta & ,a!ns1 & !n says t ! /atue ( ! ,zeus ( ! ,meg>ians /&s ne> ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es 7#bc4e74 ,z he is proce$+ nor?1 ?is ,meg>ian ,zeus mu/ h /ood nor? ( ! ,platan "o2 ?us 9 "o gr\p we h ! two /atues ( ,zeus & ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es4 ,imm$iately to ! nor? he next m5tions ! *>iot ( ! ,syracusan tyrant ,gelo 7#ij71 :i* he says is ne> ! /atue ( ! ,zeus ( ! ,hyblans 7#bc4f74 ,n[ 9 com+ s\?1 9 ! a?lete p]iegesis1 he names eight /atues betwe5 ^! *>iots4 ,do]pfeld#bcbf has id5tifi$ ! base ( ! ,platan ,zeus ) a l>ge p$e/al to ! nor?we/ ( t ( ! victor ,telema*os 7#abb7 f\nd 9 situ ne> ! ,s\? ,altis wall1#bcbg a position :i* is 9 h>mony ) ! description ( ! /atues ( ,zeus2 j beh9d x he has id5tifi$ two l>ge f\ndations ne> toge!r z ^? ( ! two *>iots4 ,s ! eight int]v5+ /atues /ood "h4 ,( ! /atues betwe5 ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es & ! base ( ! /atue ( ,telema*os1 ! base ( t ( ,tellon 7#ajb7 0 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ ,byzant9e wall ne> ! ,s\? ,altis wall2 t ( ,ari/ion 7#aae7 ne>by1 emb$d$ 9 ! same wall2 t ( ,ake/orides 7#aai71 ^: "n ,i h ins]t$ 9 ! lacuna 9 ! text ( ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #ac4g71bcbh j nor!a/ ( ! base ( ,telema*os4#bcbi ,?us ! s]ies ( /atues f t ( ,gelo to t ( ,aga?9os 7#ij-aba;a1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4d-ac4aa7 c be gr\p$ 9 ! zone ( ! ,*>iots4 ,z ! fragm5t ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ! ,a!nian pancratia/ ,ari/ophon 7#abc7 0 f\nd ne> ! base ( ,telema*os1 b to ! ea/ ( x1 & likewise t :i* support$ ! eque/rian monum5t ( ,x5ombrotos & ,x5odikos 7#acc-acd7 /ill fur!r to ! ea/ ne> ! ,e*o ,colonnade1#bccj we c conclude t ! tw5ty-"o /atues f ,ari/ophon to ,prokles 7#abc-ach1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aa-ad4ac71 mo/ly ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 /ood ne> ! ,s\? ,altis wall to ! ea/ 7& n to ! we/ ( ! base ( ,telema*os1 :]e all o!r inve/igators h wrongly plac$ !m71#bcca & ?us =m a gr\p :i* we c call ! zone ( ,telema*os4 ,s we conclude t ! long li/ ( /atues f ,pyrilampes to ,prokles 7#ce-ach71 ne>ly two-?irds ( all ^? m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ ( ,pausanias1 /ood 9 ! space to ! ea/ & s\!a/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 gr\p$ 9 ! p>allel zones ( ! ,bull1 ,victory1 ,*>iots1 & ,telema*os4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /atues beg9n+ ) ! two ( ,ais*9es 7#aci7 & ext5d+ to t ( ,philonides 7#aed a7 7,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ac-af4e7 mu/ h /ood to ! we/ ( ! base ( ,telema*os & along ! ,s\? ,t]race wall "s #bj met]s s\? ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 :]e _m ( ! foll[+ p$e/als 7 f\nd 9 ! ord] nam$ by ,pausanias3 t ( ,ais*9es 7#aci7 0 f\nd 9 ! ,c\ncil-h\se2 t ( ,ar*ippos 7#adj7 ne>by betwe5 ! ,s\? ,t]race wall & ! nor? w+ ( ! ,c\ncil-h\se2 t ( ,epi!rses 7#adg7 opposite ! six? column ( ! temple f ! we/1 "s elev5 paces f ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 & ! fragm5t ( ! base ( ! honor /atue ( ,antigonos 7#adg f7 v ne> x2 ! bronze foot ( "o ( ! /atues ( ,kapros 7#aej7 0 f\nd 9 ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 #bd4dj met]s f ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! temple2 & la/ly1 ! base ( ! 8honor0 /atue ( ,philonides 7#aed a71 ,alex&]'s c\ri]1 0 f\nd 9 ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! ,altis at ! extreme we/ end ( ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 almo/1 if n exactly1 9 its orig9al position4#bccb ,?us ,pausanias1 aft] com+ s\? to ! /atue ( ,telema*os1 fir/ goes ea/w>d z f> z ! /atue ( ,prokles1 !n returns1 repass+ ! two *>iots on ! way )\t rem>k1 & !n cont9ues we/w>d to ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ! ,altis4 ,all /atues we/ ( t ( ,telema*os are ( ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 ) ! exception ( "o1 t ( ,eutelidas 7#adh71 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ch4 ,?is is ! olde/ /atue 9 ! ,altis1 despite ,pausanias' /atem5t1#bccc & x d\btless orig9ally /ood 9 ! area occupi$ lat] t[>d ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 by ! temple ( ,zeus1 b 0 !n transf]r$ to its new position s\? ( ! temple4 ,aft] ! /atue ( ,philonides1 !re are /ill #ai /atues ( victors & 8honor0 m5 to dispose ( 9 ?is fir/ 1 ^? f ,brimias to ,glaukon 7#aee-afi1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4e-af4i74 ,( ^! /atues1 ! base ( t ( ,leonidas ( ,naxos 7#aee;a71 ! f\nd] ( ! great build+ j outside ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ! ,altis nam$ aft] him1 0 discov]$ 9 a ,byzant9e wall be=e ! ea/]n end ( ! nor? front ( t build+1 :ile t ( ,seleadas 7#aei7 0 une>!d )9 ! ru9s ( ! same build+2 ! base :i* support$ ! gr\p-monum5t ( ,polypei!s & ,kalliteles 7#afj-afa7--:i*1 ow+ to ! e>ly dates ( _! victories1 "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ff & #gj 7 #eaf & #ejj ,b4 ,c471 mu/ h /ood orig9ally 9 ! area lat] occupi$ by ! temple ( ,zeus1 l t ( ! above-m5tion$ ,eutelidas--a little to ! s\? ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 betwe5 ! bases ( ! /atues ( ,leonidas & ,glaukon2 two fragm5ts ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ,de9o/h5es 7#afc7 h be5 f\nd1 "o ea/ ( ! apse ( ! *ur*1 ! o!r 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,palai/ra fur!r nor?2 & la/ly1 t ( ,glaukon1 built into late walls nor?we/ ( ! *ur*4#bccd ,z ! /atue ( ,philonides /ood at ! extreme we/]n end ( ! ,s\? ,altis wall1 & z mo/ ( ^! fragm5ts 7 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,leonidaion1 x w\ld be natural to conclude t ! majority ( ^! lat] /atues /ood 9 ! spaces j outside ! ,we/ ,altis wall4 ,b at ! end ( ! fir/ 7,,vi1 #ag4a7 ,pausanias says t he has s f> nam$ /atues 8)9 ! ,altis02 h5ce mo/ inve/igators h plac$ ^! #ai /atues ei!r we/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus or 9 ! space at ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ! ,altis4 ,a little fur!r on we %all see t _m o!r victor /atues1 n m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 /ood j outside ! ,we/ ,altis wall1 & x is d\btful :e!r 8 words 7,,vi1 #ag4a7 %\ld be tak5 ?us lit]ally1 especially on any !ory ( 8 use ( e>li] acc\nts 9 ! f9al compil+ ( 8 own4 ,if !y 7 8)90 ! ,altis1 !y c\ld sc>cely h /ood to ! we/ or s\?we/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 = ! second 1 z we %all see1 pass$ !re4 ,a bett] alt]native c be f\nd4 ,9 describ+ ! ,leonidaion 7,v1 #ae4b71 ,pausanias says t ?is build+ /ood 8outside ! sacr$ enclosure at ! processional entrance into ! ,altis 444 sep>at$ f ?is entrance by a /reet2 = :at ! ,a!nians call lanes1 ! ,eleans "n /reets40#bcce ,n[ ,do]pfeld has %[n t inside ! ,we/ ,altis wall & p>allel to x--j s\? ( ! base ( ,philonides' /atue--is a l9e ( bases end+ 9 ! lat] ,s\? wall ( ! ,altis1 s t ?is ,we/ wall & r[ ( p$e/als =m a cul de sac 7see ,plan ,b74#bccf ,x is cle> t no su* r[ ( /atues w\ld h be5 plac$ lead+ up to a dead wall2 !re=e ^! /atues mu/ h /ood !re be=e ! wall 0 built1 & mu/ once h =m$ ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( a broad /reet skirt+ ! ea/]n side ( ! ,leonidaion1 :i* 0 twice z wide z lat]1 :5 ! wall cut (f half its bread? & made x a 8lane10 ?\gh ! old] "n 8/reet0 0 reta9$4 ,! lat] ,roman enl>gem5t ( ! ,altis is well kn[n4 ,! long r[ ( p$e/als to ! s\? ( & p>allel to ^? already discuss$ z /&+ along ! l9e ( ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 we/w>d ( ! base ( ,telema*os1 once con/itut$ ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! 8,processional ,way0 7 71 :i* ran f ! ,leonidaion to :]e x deb\*$ into ! ,altis at its s\!a/]n corn]4 ,orig9ally outside ! ,altis1 !y 7 lat]1 toge!r ) ! road itself1 includ$ 9 x4 ,! p$e/als1 !n1 9 ! above-m5tion$ cul de sac1 & also ! f\rte5 7among !m t ( ,metellus ,mac$onicus2 see ,plan ,b7 t adorn$ ! s\? side ( ! ,processional ,way1 may be ! rema9s ( "s ( ^! la/ /atues m5tion$ by ,pausanias4 ,,! ,,second ,,ephodos ,,( ,,pausanias4 ,we next come to ! second 1 :i* is introduc$ by ^! words3 1 4#bccg ,! ,leonidaion1 ! site ( :i* 0 /ill 9 dispute till aft] ! close ( ! excavations1 0 f9ally id5tifi$ by ,treu#bcch ) ! s-call$ ,su$we/bau1 z _h be5 already assum$ by _m inve/igators4#bcci ,! site ( ! ,great ,alt>1 h[ev]1 is /ill undet]m9$4 ,! elliptical depression to ! ea/ ( ! ,pelopion1 ^: dim5sions 7#abe feet 9 circumf]5ce7 agree ) ! figures ( ,pausanias#bcdj = ! pro?ysis1 or l[e/ /age ( ! alt>1 id5tifi$ ) x by mo/ s*ol>s1#bcda mu/ n[ be giv5 up s9ce ! m rec5t excavations ( ,do]pfeld1 :i* prove x to be ! rema9s ( two prehi/oric dwell+ h\ses ) apse-l ends4#bcdb ,nor c ! rema9s ( walls ly+ betwe5 ! ,h]aion & ! ,pelopion1 =m]ly suppos$ to be ^? ( an alt>1 any long] be ref]r$ to ! ,great ,alt> 7z ,pu*/e9 & ,w]nicke ref]r$ !m7#bcdc s9ce ,do]pfeld's rec5t discov]ies4 ,s we are dep5d5t on ! words ( ,pausanias alone = its location1 :o says t x /ood 8equidi/ant f ! ,pelopion & ! sanctu>y ( ,h]a1 b 9 front ( bo?10#bcdd !re=e some:at nor?we/ ( ! elliptical depression ne>] ! c5tre ( ! ,altis4#bcde ,our problem1 !n1 is to f9d ,pausanias' r\te betwe5 ^! two po9ts1 & "h aga91 z at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ 1 we mu/ rightly int]pret ! words 4 ,mi*aelis1 9 8 article on ! use ( & 9 ,pausanias' "w1 made ^! words ref] to ! s\!rn side ( ! ,processional ,way1 i4 e41 to ! side at ! "r ( ,pausanias1 :o 0 fac+ ea/ aft] arriv+ at ! ,leonidaion4#bcdf ,?us ! /atues already m5tion$ along ! ,s\? ,t]race wall 7,ais*9es to ,philonides1 #aci-aed;a7 w\ld n[ be on 8 left side4 ,on ?is int]pretation bo? ,hirs*feld & ,do]pfeld _h ! second foll[ ! ,processional ,way ea/w>d p>allel to ! fir/--?us includ+ ! l9e ( p$e/als1 :i* we h ref]r$ to ! end ( ! fir/--& !n1 ne> ! ,c\ncilh\se1 curve nor?w>d 9 front ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 :i* virtually w\ld be a repetition ( ! fir/ 4 ,on ?is !ory ,do]pfeld#bcdg wrongly expla9$ ! fir/ r\te z conta9+ /atues 1 :ile ! second 0 outside ! old] ,altis1 & s1 ?\gh equally long1 conta9$ few] /atues4 ,b aga9/ ?is int]pretation x mu/ be urg$ t ! ,p]iegete is describ+ ! ,altis ( 8 day1 :5 ! road 9 "q 0 includ$ )9 its b\nd>ies1 & t ! ,great ,alt> & ! two la/ /atues m5tion$ 7#ahg1 #ahh7 z /&+ ne> ! pill> ( ,o9omaos 7 always inside4#bcdh ,& nei!r ?is ,processional ,way nor ! space be=e ! ea/]n front ( ! temple ( ,zeus 7 localities = 8unimportant mix$ /atues40#bcdi ,fur!rmore1 if he _h m]ely retrac$ 8 /eps aft] arriv+ at ! ,leonidaion--& he says no?+ ( return+--he w\ld n h begun a new r\te#bcej1 b w\ld h said some?+ l ?is3 4#bcea ,s x is simpl] to conclude t ! new r\te w\nd ar\nd ! we/]n & nor!rn sides ( ! temple ( ,zeus ov] ! temple t]race4#bceb ,z no build+ is m5tion$ on ! way1 & z ! nor? side ( ! temple w\ld probably h be5 call$ 79 accordance ) ! usage discuss$ above 9 connection ) ! ,h]aion71 & z ! ,pelopion faces s\?we/1 ! words c ref] only to ! "r h& ( ,pausanias1 i4 e41 ! "r side ( ! road foll[$4 ,if we assume t ^! words orig9ally /ood aft] & 7 transf]r$ by a lat] copyi/1 ! difficulty is resolv$4#bcec ,( ! n9ete5 victor /atues 9 ?is second r\te 7#agj-ahh1 ,,vi1 #ag4a-ah4g7 no bases h be5 f\nd4#bced ,b ( ! ?ree 8honor0 /atues includ$1 "o base1 t ( ! rhetorician ,gorgias ( ,leont9i 7#ahd;a71 0 recov]$ #aj met]s nor!a/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 & s probably n v f> f its orig9al position2#bcee = ,pausanias m5tions only ?ree m /atues1 be=e he comes to ! la/ two 9 ?is 1 :i* two /ood 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,! p>ts ( ! ,altis to ! we/ & nor? ( ! temple 7 unimportant till ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 & 71 !re=e1 rem>kably free ( monum5ts4 ,9 ! :ole description ( ,pausanias1 we "k ( only ?ree alt>s 7^? ( ,aphrodite1 ! ,seasons1 & ! ,nymphs7 & a wild olive tree 7! 8,olive ( ! ,beautiful ,cr[n07 to ! we/ ( ! temple 7,v1 #ae4c71 & only ( ! votive (f]+s ( a c]ta9 ,miky?os or ,smiky?os to ! nor? ( x 7,v1 #bf4b74bcef ,z ! /atue ( ,gorgias /ood among ! 8unimportant mix$ /atues0 already m5tion$ 7#ahd-ahf71 ^! mu/ h /ood some:]e nor? ( ! temple ne> its ea/]n end4 ,f9ally1 ! two anci5t wood5 /atues ( ,praxidamas & ,rhexibios 7#ahg-ahh1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4g7 are m5tion$ by !mselves z ne> ! column ( ,o9omaos1 :i* ,pausanias else:]e#bceg says /ood ne> ! ,great ,alt> ( ,zeus to ! left ( a road runn+ s\? f x to ! temple4 ,pausanias1 aft] describ+ ^! 8mix$0 /atues1 may h f9ally left ! r\te ?us f> foll[$ & introduc$ ^! la/ two /atues z q di/9ct f ! second 4#bceh ,b he does n seem to h gone f> f 8 r\te1 = imm$iately aft] end+ 8 acc\nt ( ! victor /atues1 he beg9s 8 acc\nt ( ! ,treasuries1 :i* lay beyond ! ,great ,alt> f>!r nor?4#bcei 7,plans ,a & ,b47 ,?us ,pausanias ends 8 second r\te some:]e %ort ( ! ,great ,alt>1 & x appe>s aft] all to be only a cont9uation ( ! fir/1 =m+ ) x "o unbrok5 8,rundgang10 ?\gh 9 q a diff]5t s5se ( ! ^w f t int5d$ by ,do]pfeld4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results4 ,f a /udy ( ^! two r\tes1 & a comp>ison ( ! dates ( ! victori\s a?letes1#bcfj we c draw ! foll[+ conclusions z to ! positions ( ! victor /atues m5tion$ by ,pausanias z /&+ 9 ! ,altis at ,olympia3 #a4 ,! tw5ty-eight olde/ /atues--exclusive ( ! five already m5tion$ z hav+ be5 remov$ f ! area ( ! lat] temple ( ,zeus#bcfa--;dat+ f ,ol4 #eh 7 #edh ,b4 ,c41 ,py?okritos1 #abh b7 to ,ol4 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c41 ,!ognetos1 #hc71 i4 e41 approximately d[n to ! date ( ! f\nd+ ( ! temple1#bcfb /ood 9 ! space betwe5 ! ea/]n front ( ! temple & ! ,e*o ,colonnade1 or to ! s\? ( x ne> ! ,s\? ,altis wall4 ,only "o /atue 7t ( ,protolaos1 #dh7 /ood z f> nor? z ! ,eretrian ,bull4 ,?us ! s\!a/]n "p ( ! ,altis 0 ! olde/ "p d$icat$ to victor /atues4 #b4 ,aft] ?is space 0 mo/ly fill$1 ! next /atues1 ^? dat+ f ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c41 ,kallias1 #ej7 to ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c41 ,eubotas1 #ge71 i4 e41 f ab\t ! "t ( ! f\ndation ( ! temple to ne> ! date ( ! battle ( ,aigospotamoi1 fifty-"o 9 numb]1 /ood betwe5 ! ,h]aion & ! ,victory ( ,paionios2 only "o /ood z f> s\? z ! ,altis wall1 :ile sev5 /ood ar\nd ! ,*>iots1 t5 ar\nd ! ,victory1 tw5ty ar\nd ! ,bull1 & ! re/ fur!r nor? 7includ+ #agf1 #ahe ( ! second 1 :i* /ood nor? ( ! ea/]n end ( ! temple74 ,diagoras & 8 family 7#ei-fc71 box]s & pancratia/s1 _h _! /atues ne> ! old] fam\s box] ,eu?ymos 7#ef72 ,alka9etos & 8 sons 7#fd-ff71 box]s1 besides _m o!r pugili/s1 _h !irs ne> ! ,diagorids2 ,tellon 7#ajb7 _h 8 ne> t ( 8 compatriot ,epikradios 7#aja72 lat] ,a*ans _h !irs ne> t ( _! c\ntryman ,oibotas 7#bi71 & ,sp>tans ne> t ( ,*ionis 7#aaa72 "s1 z ! ?ree victors f ,h]aia 7#agf1 #agg1 #cb71bcfc /ood f> ap>t only app>5tly1 = ! la/ "o _h 8 /atue ne> ! ,bull1 & s n f> f ! o!r two1 ?\gh ^! are nam$ 9 ! second 4 #c4 ,f ne> ! date ( ! battle ( ,aigospotamoi1 d[n to ab\t ! bir? ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 i4 e41 f ,ol4 #id to ,ol4 #ajf 7 #djd to #cef ,b4 ,c471 ?irty-six /atues fill$ 9 ! int]vals left among ^! old] /atues2 fifte5 /ood ne> ! ,h]aion2 five betwe5 x & ! ,bull1 sev5 ar\nd ! ,bull1 five ar\nd ! ,victory1 "o ne> ! ,*>iots1 & ?ree along ! ,s\? ,altis wall4 ,eu?ym5es & ,kritodamos 7#gh1 #hj7 _h _! monum5ts ne> t ( _! old] c\ntryman 7#gi71 ^: /atue 0 made by ,myron2 ! ,ephesians1 ,pyrilampes & ,a!naios 7#ce1 #cf71 _h _! /atues beside t ( _! b5efactor ,lys&ros 7#ce a74 #d4 ,aft] ,alex&]'s "t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! rec5t build+ ( ! ,philippeion1 ,leonidaion1 & ,!ekoleon to ! we/ ( ! ,altis1 ! we/]n side ( ! temple ( ,zeus 7&1 to a less] ext5t1 ! nor!rn7 became important1 & h5ce=? /atues surr\nd$ ! temple on all sides4 ,( ! ?irty-?ree /atues ( ?is epo*1 n9e /ood to ! we/ ( ! temple1 f\r to ! nor?1 & sev5 to ! s\?1 :ile ! re/ /ood ei!r to ! ea/1 or1 p]haps1 ne> ! ,h]aion4 ,we %all see also t _m lat] /atues1 kn[n to u f inscriptions only1 /ood outside ! ,altis1 to ! we/ & nor?we/4 ,,/atues ,,n ,,m5tion$ ,,by ,,pausanias1 ,,b ,,kn[n ,,f ,,recov]$ ,,bases4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ^! data1 x is n difficult1 f ! positions ( ! _m inscrib$ fragm5t>y bases f\nd at ,olympia & ref]r$ to victor /atues n m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 f ! approximate dates ( ! victories z ga9$ f ! age ( ! inscriptions1 & by aga9 employ+ ! sy/em ( gr\ps already m5tion$1 to /ate q def9itely :]e _m ( ^! o!r /atues /ood4 ,pausanias1 :o m5tions #ahg victors ) #aib monum5ts 9 8 two 1 expressly /ates t he enum]ates only ^? 8:o _h "s title to fame or ^: /atues 7 bett] made40#bcfd ,! reasons = 8 selection & ! fact t he m5tions ! /atue ( no a?lete c]ta9ly lat] ?an ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7al?\gh we "k f inscriptions t /atues 7 set up f> into ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d41 at lea/7#bcfe h be5 subjects ( mu* discussion1 b h>dly conc]n u "h4#bcff ,! ?ree late/ /atues ( victors m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 ^: dates are fix$1 may be giv53 ^? ( ,kleitoma*os1 :o won & 9 ,ols4 #ada & #adb 7 #baf & #bab ,b4 ,c472#bcfg ( ,kapros1 victor 9 & 9 ,ol4 #adb 7 #bab ,b4 ,c472#bcfh & ( ,ake/orides1 victor sometime betwe5 ,ols4 #adb & #add 7 #bab & #bjd ,b4 ,c474#bcfi ,/ill lat] /atues ( victors nam$ by ,pausanias1 ^: dates c n be exactly det]m9$1 are ^? ( ,sodamas1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #adb & #ade 7 #bab & #bjj ,b4 ,c472#bcgj ( ,amyntas1 victor 9 9 ,ol4 787 #adf 7 #aif ,b4 ,c472#bcga ( ,timon1 victor 9 9 ,ols4 #adf or #adg 7 #aif or #aib ,b4 ,c472#bcgb & ( ,lysippos1 victor 9 "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #adi & #aeg 7 #ahd & #aeb ,b4 ,c474#bcgc ,( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d41 ,pausanias m5tions ?ree victors )\t /atues3 ,artemidoros1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #bab 7 #fi ,a4 ,d472#bcgd ,polites1 victor 9 1 & 9 ,ol4 #bab2bcge & ,h]mog5es1 victor 9 twice1 once1 & z ?rice1 9 ,ols4 #bae1 #baf1 #bag 7 #ha-hi ,a4 ,d474#bcgf ,! words ( ,pl9y1 ,olympiae1 ubi omnium qui viciss5t /atuas dic>i mos erat#bcgg ref]1 ( c\rse1 z we h already po9t$ out1 only to ! privilege & n to ! actual fact1 = _m victors w\ld h no /atues1 z x 0 necess>y = !m or _! relatives or city-/ates to meet ! exp5ses ( _! erection4#bcgh ,no m is ! re/ ( 8 /atem5t to be tak5 lit]ally1 i4 e41 t ^? victors :o 7 victori\s ?ree times _h ! "r to erect portrait /atues 9 _! honor2 = we h1 z has already be5 %[n1 at lea/ "o exception4#bcgi ,besides we "k t portrait /atues 7 practically unkn[n be=e ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,mo/ ( ! victor /atues 7 m]e types--^? ( ,h]mes & ,h]akles be+ common--)\t individualiz$ features1 simply repres5t+ ! v>i\s conte/s by position or "s *>act]i/ic1 e4 g41 ! helmet & %ield = 8hoplite0 victors4#bchj ,five ( ^! inscriptions h be5 ref]r$ to ! six? & fif? c5turies ,b4 ,c4#bcha ,( ^! ! inscrib$ base ( ,pant>es 0 f\nd ne> ! ,s\? ,altis wall1 & ! /atue mu/ orig9ally h /ood ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 ne> ! *>iot ( ,gelo 7#ij71 = ^! two 7 ! only victors f ,gela1 & won 9 ! same k9d ( conte/ & at ne>ly ! same date4#bchb ,! /atues ( ,phrikias ( ,pel9na & ,phanas ( ,pell5e1 bo? repres5t+ victors 9 ! heavy-arm$ race1 to :i* ,i h ascrib$ ! two ar*aic m>ble heads 7,fig4 #cj71 ! =m] f\nd we/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus & ! latt] to ! s\? ( x1 mu/ orig9ally h /ood 9 ! area ( ! lat] temple & !n h be5 remov$4#bchc ,t ( an unkn[n victor1 ^: "n end$ 9 4441#bchd ! two fragm5ts ( ^: base 7 f\nd1 "o ne> ! ,h]aion & ! o!r to ! ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 %\ld h /ood ne> ! /atues ( ! only o!r pancratia/s ( a simil> age1 ei!r ne> ^? ( ,dorieus 7#fa71 :o won 9 ,ols4 #hg to #hi 7 #dcb to #dbd ,b4 ,c471 & ,damagetos 7#fb71 :o won 9 ,ols4 #hb & #hc 7 #deb & #ddh ,b4 ,c471 9 ! zone ( ! ,bull1 or ne> t ( ,timasi!os 7#hb71 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #fe & #fg inclusive 7 #ebj & #eab ,b4 ,c471 9 ! zone ( ! ,victory4 ,la/ly1 ! second inscrib$ base ( ,x5ombrotos 7#acc71 f\nd ne> ! ,c\ncil-h\se outside ! ,s\? ,altis wall1 d\btless once /ood ne> ! fir/ 7! epigram f :i* is pres]v$ by ,pausanias1 ,,vi1 #ad4ab71 along ?is wall to ! ea/ ( ! base ( ,telema*os4#bche ,no inscrib$ fragm5ts ( bases dat+ f ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 h be5 f\nd4 ,beg9n+ ) ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we %all see t mo/ ( ! recov]$ bases 7 f\nd ei!r 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,altis1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,philippeion1 ,!ekoleon1 & ,leonidaion1 on bo? sides ( ! ,we/ ,altis wall1 or /ill f>!r we/ & nor?we/1 especially 9 or ne> ! ,palai/ra & ,prytaneion4 ,we h already se5 t mo/ ( ! /atues nam$ by ,pausanias dat+ f ,alex&]'s "t /ood to ! we/ 7& nor?7 ( ! temple ( ,zeus4 ,z ,pausanias enum]ates only /atues ( 8 r\te ar\nd ! temple to ! ,great ,alt>1 ^! /atues f>!r we/ & nor?we/ are omitt$ f 8 acc\nt4 ,( ! f\r bases ( /atues ref]r$ to ! ?ird c5tury1 all belong to ,elean victors2 ?ree 7 f\nd we/ & nor?we/ ( ! ,prytaneion & beyond1 %[+ t ^! /atues once /ood 9 ! vic9ity ( ?is build+1 & ! f\r? 0 f\nd f>!r s\?1 by ! ,palai/ra1 :]e x probably /ood4 ,?us ! base ( ! wre/l] ,nik>*os1 son ( ,physsias1 0 f\nd 9 a late wall we/ ( ! ,prytaneion2#bchf t ( ! /atue ( an unkn[n victor1 son ( ,taur9os1 0 f\nd at ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! ,palai/ra2#bchg t ( ano!r unkn[n victor1 ! son ( 444ph9os1 0 f\nd 9 ! ,nordwe/grab52#bchh ! base ( ! /atue ( ,!rsonides1 son ( ,paianodoros1 victor 1 0 f\nd nor?we/ ( ! ,prytaneion1 betwe5 ! ,roman ba?s & ea/ hall ( ! ,gymnasion4#bchi ,( ! f\r /atues ref]r$ ) c]ta9ty to ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 all b "o 7 f\nd to ! we/ ( ! ,altis1 9 a region rang+ f ! ,philippeion1 nor?we/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 to ! ,leonidaion s\?we/ ( x4 ,two ( !m 7 f\nd outside ! ,we/ ,altis wall1 betwe5 ! ,leonidaion & ! ,byzant9e *ur*4 ,?us ! base ( ! /atue ( ,d444gonos1 twice victor 9 1 0 f\nd outside ! apse ( ! ,byzant9e *ur* & we/ ( ! ,we/ ,altis wall2#bcij ! fragm5ts ( t ( an unkn[n boy victor 9 wre/l+ or ! pankration 7 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ ,byzant9e wall2#bcia t ( an unkn[n victor1 7twice71 & 1 0 f\nd s\? ( ! ,philippeion4#bcib ,! fragm5t ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ano!r unkn[n victor 9 wre/l+1 ! son ( ! ,elean ,aigyptos1 0 f\nd to ! nor!a/ ( ! ,leonidaion4#bcic ,( ! sev5 bases ref]r$ to ! second & fir/ c5turies ,b4 ,c41 ?ree 7 f\nd 9 or ne> ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 %[+ t su* /atues may h /ood 9 ! ,greek build+ :i* 0 lat] conv]t$ into ! *ur*4#bcid ,two m 7 f\nd ne> ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! ,altis1 & !re=e may once h /ood ne> ! /atue ( ,philonides1 :i* ,pausanias m5tions z /&+ 9 t vic9ity4 ,two o!rs /ood f>!r away1 "o inside ! ,prytaneion1 ! o!r nor!a/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus4 ,?us ! base ( an unkn[n victor1 ! son ( ,ari/otle1 1 0 f\nd 9 front ( ! nor? side ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*2#bcie t ( ,ari/odamos1 ! son ( ,alexima*os ( ,elis1 0 f\nd 9 ! floor ( ! *ur*2#bcif t ( an unkn[n victor 0 f\nd nor!a/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus2#bcig t ( a victor 1 ^: "n end$ 9 444*os1 ! son ( ! ,elean ,nikodromos1 0 f\nd s\?we/ ( ! ,altis be=e ! ,we/ ,altis wall2#bcih ! base ( two unkn[n victors f ,elis 7 f\nd respectively 9 ! ,prytaneion#bcii & nor?we/ ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1#bdjj :ile t ( ano!r ,elean1 ,antig5es1 ! son ( ,jason1 victor 1 0 f\nd 9 ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! ,altis4#bdja ,! positions ( ! tw5ty-f\r bases 7belong+ to monum5ts ( tw5ty-two victors7 ) c]ta9ty ref]r$ to ! fir/ pre-,*ri/ian c5tury 7 v scatt]$4 ,"o l>ge ,p5telic m>ble ba?ron1 support+ ! monum5ts ( sev5 victors ( ! family ( ,phili/os1 mu/ h /ood j s\? ( ! ,philippeion1 :]e mo/ ( ! fragm5ts 7 f\nd4 ,! bases ( ! /atues ( two o!r sons & a gr&son ( ! same victor h be5 recov]$1 & d\btless /ood ne> by1 ?us =m+ a family gr\p ( t51 outnumb]+ t ( ,diagoras 7#ei-fc & #eb7 m5tion$ by ,pausanias4 ,! omission ( s important a monum5t 9 ! description ( ! ,p]iegete has1 ( c\rse1 be5 us$ z an indication ( 8 employm5t ( e>li] li/s4 ,( ! o!r bases1 two 7 f\nd outside ! ,s\? ,altis wall1 we/ ( ! ,c\ncil-h\se1 & two ea/ ( x2 two ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus 7"o ( !m t ( ! y\?ful ,tib]ius1 aft]w>ds ,roman emp]or1 :i* mu/ h /ood ne> ! ,eretrian ,bull1 :]e x 0 f\nd72 "o s\?we/ ( ! temple1 along ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 po9t+ to a position among ! /atues !re nam$ by ,pausanias2 "o ea/ ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 po9t+ to a position s\? ( ! ,!ekoleon1 two to ! nor?we/ ( ! ,altis 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,prytaneion2 :ile ! o!rs 7 f\nd scatt]$ all ! way f ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,altis to ! b$ ( ! ,kladeos4 ,?us ov] half 7#ac7 ( ^! /atue-bases 7 f\nd 9 ! we/ & nor?we/ ( ! ,altis & beyond2 ! space to ! ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus--call$ frequ5tissimus celeb]rimusque by ,s*]]--seems n[ n to h be5 greatly priz$4 ,mo/ ( ^! victories 7 ga9$ 9 hippic conte/s4 ,horse-rac+ _h e>ly be5 discont9u$1 b 0 reviv$ at ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 memb]s ( ! imp]ial family1 emulat+ ! e>li] triumphs ( ! pr9ces ( ,sicily & ,mac$onia1 became competitors4 ,?us ,tib]ius won 9 ! *>iot-race1 & a few ye>s lat] 8 nephew ,g]manicus 9 ! same ev5t4 ,! li/ ( ^! bases ( victor /atues ( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & _! prov5i5ce foll[s4 ,a fragm5t ( ! base ( ! victor ,agilo*os1 son ( ,nikeas ( ,elis1 victor 1 0 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ ,byzant9e wall4#bdjb ,"o fragm5t ( ! ba?ron ( ! family gr\p ( ! ,elean ,phili/os1#bdjc victors 9 hippic conte/s1 0 f\nd s\?we/ ( ! ,pelopion1 :ile f\r o!rs 7 discov]$ s\? ( ! ,philippeion2 ! base ( ! /atue ( ,philonikos1 a son ( ,phili/os1 0 also f\nd s\? ( ! ,philippeion1#bdjd & t ( ano!r unnam$ son 0 discov]$ to ! we/ ( ! ,prytaneion1#bdje :ile ! place ( f9d+ ( t ( ,*>ops1 ! son ( ,telema*os1 has n be5 record$4#bdjf ,! base ( ! monum5t ( ,ari/>*os 0 f\nd ea/ ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1#bdjg t ( ,damai?idas1 son ( ,m5ippos ( ,elis1 a victor 1 we/ ( ! ,c\ncil-h\se 7s\? build+71#bdjh & t ( ,?rasyma*os 7or ,?rasym$es7 9 ! ,nordo/grab54#bdji ,a fragm5t ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ,demokrates ( ,antio* 9 ,k>ia 0 f\nd 9 ! b$ ( ! riv] ,kladeos1#bdaj t ( a victor ^: "n began ) ,demo4441 nor!a/ ( ! ,prytaneion1#bdaa :ile t ( ,?ali>*os1 ! son ( ,sot]i*os ( ,elis1 victor 1 0 f\nd ea/ ( ! ,c\ncil-h\se4#bdab ,bases f two /atues ( ,m5$emos1 son ( ,m5$emos ( ,elis1 victor 1 7 f\nd1 "o ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 ! o!r inside ! ,h]aion4#bdac ,lykom$es1 ! son ( ,ari/odemos ( ,elis1 victor 1 also _h two /atues2 ! base ( "o 0 f\nd 9 front ( ! ,we/ ,byzant9e wall on ! s\? side ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 t ( ! o!r 9 ! ,we/grab54#bdad ,! front "p ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ,ar*iadas1 ! son ( ,timolas ( ,elis1 :o won 1 0 discov]$ s\?we/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 on ! ,t]race wall4#bdae ,t ( an unkn[n victor 9 ! 1 ! son ( 444krates ( ,miletos1 0 f\nd ne> ! ,o/halle1#bdaf :ile t inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,tib]ius ,claudius ,n]o ( ,rome1 :o won a victory j be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 0 f\nd s\? ( ! ,eretrian ,bull4#bdag ,n9ete5 inscrib$ base-fragm5ts h be5 ref]r$ to ! po/-,*ri/ian c5turies1 ?irte5 to ! fir/1 ?ree to ! second1 & ?ree to ! ?ird4 ,! spaces ar\nd ! temple ( ,zeus 7especially its ea/]n front7 are aga9 ! favorite ones4 ,?us ! bases ( ?ree /atues 7 f\nd ea/ ( ! temple 7"o 9 situ71 two ne> its s\!a/]n corn]1 ?ree at ! nor!a/]n corn] 7"o1 t ( ,g]manicus ,cs>1 ! nephew ( ,tib]ius1 j to ! nor? ( ! ,eretrian ,bull1 & s orig9ally /&+ "h ne> t ( 8 uncle71 :ile ano!r /ood opposite ! fif? column f ! ea/ on ! nor? side ( ! temple4 ,mo/ ( ^! /atues mu/ h be5 pass$ by ,pausanias 9 8 fir/ 1 :i* is1 p]haps1 ano!r evid5ce ( 8 dep5d5ce on old] li/s 9 compil+ 8 own4 ,two o!r bases 7 f\nd to ! s\?we/ ( ! temple1 "o ( !m ne> its corn]1 & ! o!r ne>] ! corn] ( ! ,altis1 i4 e41 ne> ! base ( ! /atue ( ,philonides 7#aed;a74 ,?us elev5 /atues /ood ne> ! temple4 ,( ! o!rs1 f\r 7 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,palai/ra 7"o inside 9 situ71 "o to ! nor!a/ ( ! ,prytaneion1 ano!r nor!a/ ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 :ile ! two rema9+ ones 7 f\nd 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,altis1 ne> ! entrance to ! ,/adion & be=e ! ,e*o ,colonnade respectively4 ,! base ( ! la/ /atue ( a victor kn[n to h be5 erect$ at ,olympia1 t ( ,val]ios ,eklektos ( ,s9ope1 previ\sly m5tion$1 0 f\nd 9 situ 9 ! ,palai/ra4 ,we app5d a detail$ li/ ( ^! bases1 giv+ ! prov5i5ce ( ea*4 ,( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d41 ! =e "p ( ! base ( ! monum5t ( ,g]manicus1 son ( ,n]o ,claudius ,drusus1 0 f\nd ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 nor? ( ! ,eretrian ,bull2#bdah ! base ( t ( ,gnaios ,m>kios 0 f\nd opposite ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! temple2#bdai t ( ,m>kos ,antonios ,kallippos ,peisanos1 son ( ,m4 ,antonios ,alexion ( ,elis1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #agg 7 #gb ,a4 ,d471 0 f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,byzant9e wall at ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! temple4#bdbj ,! base ( ! monum5t ( ,polyx5os1 son ( ,apollophanes ( ,zakyn?os1 victor 9 1 0 discov]$ at ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! ,altis f> f its probable orig9al location2#bdba t ( ,p4 ,kornelios ,ari/on1 son ( ,eir5aios ( ,ephesos1 victor 9 9 ,ol4 #bjg 7 #di ,a4 ,d471 9 front ( ! nor? wall ( ! ,palai/ra2#bdbb ! m>ble plate f t ( ,tib]ios ,klaudios ,aphrodeisios ( ,elis 7871 :o won 9 ,ol4 #bjh 7 #ec ,a4 ,d471 0 une>!d ne> its semicircul> base1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 situ ea/ ( ! temple4#bdbc ,f\r fragm5ts ( ! base ( ! monum5t ( ! boy pancratia/ ,nikanor1 son ( ,sokles ( ,ephesos1 7 recov]$ ea/ ( ! temple1 & ano!r "o ne> its s\!a/]n corn]4#bdbd ,! base ( t ( ,m>kos ,deida ( ,antio*1 victor 9 9 ,ol4 #bai 7 #ig ,a4 ,d471 0 f\nd s\!a/ ( ! temple2#bdbe t ( an unkn[n victor 9 ! & z 7?ree times7 9 ! ,nor? ,byzant9e wall2#bdbf t ( ,h]mas1 son ( ,ision ( ,antio*1 a victor 9 1 betwe5 ! ,we/ ,altis wall & ! s\!a/]n corn] ( ! ,palai/ra2#bdbg t ( ,diog5es1 son ( ,dionysios ( ,ephesos1 victor five times1 be=e ! c5tre ( ! ,e*o ,colonnade4#bdbh ,! inscrib$ fragm5ts ( ! bronze legs ( ! /atues ( two unkn[n victors h also be5 excavat$1 ! "o ne> ! />t+-place 9 ! ,/adion1#bdbi ! o!r ne> ! fif? column f ! ea/ on ! nor? side ( ! temple ( ,zeus4#bdcj ,( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d41 we h ! foll[+ bases3 t ( ,kasia ,mnasi!a1 daught] ( ,m4 ,betil5os 7or ,vetul5os7 ,laitos ( ,elis1 :o won 1 0 f\nd nor!a/ ( ! ,prytaneion2#bdca ! upp] "p ( ! p$e/al ( ! quadriga ( ,l4 ,m9icius ,natalis ( ,rome1 victor 9 ,ol4 #bbg 7 #abi ,a4 ,d471 0 une>!d 9 ! ea/ wall ( ! ,palai/ra4#bdcb ,! base ( ! /atue erect$ to ! h]ald ,p4 ,ailios ,artemas ( ,laodikeia 79 ,phrygia87 0 f\nd #bj met]s nor? ( ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! temple ( ,zeus4#bdcc ,( ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d41 i4 e41 aft] ! "t ( ,pausanias1 we h ^! bases3 t ( ,p4 ,ailios ,alk&ridas1 son ( ,damokratidas ( ,sp>ta1 twice victor 9 787 1 0 f\nd nor!a/ ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*2#bdcd t ( ,!opropos ( ,rhodes1 :o won 1 0 une>!d ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 j s\? ( ! basis ( ! ,nike ( ,paionios2#bdce ! base ( ! /atue ( ,val]ios ,eklektos ( ,s9ope1 victor z 9 ,ols4 #bef1 #beh-bfj 7 #bde1 #bec-bfa ,a4 ,d471 0 f\nd 9 situ 9 ! ,palai/ra4#bdcf ,we %\ld add = ?is c5tury also ! inscrib$ bronze diskos1 ! votive 7n victor7 (f]+ ( ,poplios 7,publius7 ,asklepiades ( ,cor9?1 :i* 0 f\nd #b4e met]s s\? ( ! ,s\?we/ gate ( ! ,altis4#bdcg ,a /udy ( ^! inscriptions %[s t ! practice ( sett+ up victor /atues decreas$ 9 ! f\r? & ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c41 b 0 reviv$ 9 ! second & fir/1 only to decrease aga9 aft] ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! inscriptions %[ t ! numb] ( 8honor0 /atues correspond+ly increas$4 ,( ! lat] /atues1 mo/ 7 erect$ to ,eleans2 names ( victors f ,sicily & ,italy1 & f ! old] ,greek /ates1 z ,sp>ta & ,a!ns1 are r>e1 be+ replac$ by ^? f ,asia ,m9or & ! new] t[ns ( ! ,greek ma9l&4 ,?is fall+ (f ( int]e/ 9 ! games 0 l>gely due to pr(essionalism4 ,9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we beg9 to read 9 ! inscriptions ( 1 i4 e41 victors w9n+ prizes at all ! f\r national games1 a sure indication ( ! pr(essional _s4 ,ev5 ,pausanias m5tions two su* victors4#bdch ,f ^! inscrib$ base-fragm5ts1 we h k ( #fa victors 7#fc monum5ts7#bdci :o _h /atues erect$ to !m1 ?\gh !y are n nam$ 9 ! li/s ( ,pausanias4 ,( ! #aib monum5ts m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 #dj are kn[n to u f recov]$ fragm5ts ( bases & /atues4 ,s if we assume ! same ratio betwe5 kn[n & unkn[n = ^? n m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 we %\ld h ! proportion #dj 3 #aib 3 3 #fc 3 x1 :]e x w\ld equal #cjb1 mak+ a gr& total ( #did monum5ts1 :i* numb] c n be f> f ! actual numb] ( victor /atues adorn+ ! ,altis4#bddj ,,olympic ,,victor ,,monum5ts ,,erect$ ,,outside ,,olympia4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i1 we %[$ t frequ5tly /atues or o!r monum5ts 7 erect$ 9 _! native t[ns z a "p ( ! honor paid to ,olympic victors4 ,we %all n[ give a li/ ( all su* monum5ts set up 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,greek _w :i* are kn[n to u f notices 9 anci5t lit]ature & f inscriptions4#bdda ,^!1 l ! /atues 9 ! ,altis1 range 9 date f ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! f\r? ,a4 ,d41 & (f] /ill great] v>iety 9 ! k9ds ( d$ication4 ,x w be be/ to arrange ! li/ z f> z possible *ronologically & 9 num]ical sequ5ce1 add+ ! au?orities = ! dates ( ! v>i\s victories 9 ! footnotes4#bddb ,victors ) monum5ts ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 #a4 ,*ionis1 ( ,sp>ta4#bddc ,besides 8 /atue by ,myron & ! tablet conta9+ a li/ ( 8 victories at ,olympia m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #ac4b71 ! same writ] records a simil> tablet 9 ,sp>ta1 erect$ ne> ! royal tomb ( ! ,agids1 likewise set up by 8 t[nspeople 7,,iii1 #ad4c74 ,! ,sp>tan tablet1 l ! monum5ts 9 8 honor at ,olympia1 0 d\btless set up long aft] ! victory1 ab\t ,ols4 #gg or #gh 7 #dgb or #dfh ,b4 ,c474 #b4 ,kylon1 ( ,a!ns4#bddd ,pausanias records t a bronze /atue ( ?is victor /ood ^u ! ,a!nian ,akropolis1 erect$1 z he supposes1 9 honor ( 8 beauty & reputation z an ,olympic victor 7,i1 #bh4a74 ,kylon 0 ! lead] ( ! well-kn[n conspiracy ( #fcb ,b4 ,c41 :5 he tri$ to make himself tyrant ( ,a!ns4#bdde ,furtwa5gl] has propos$ ! !ory t ?is monum5t 0 n set up 9 honor ( ,kylon by ! ,a!nians1 z ,pausanias says1 b t x 0 a d$ication by 8 family aft] 8 ,olympic victory4#bddf ,a4 ,s*aef]1#bddg h[ev]1 m ju/ly believ$ t ! /atue 0 an expiatory (f]+ = ! massacre ( ,kylon's companions on ! ,akropolis1#bddh set up 9 ! "t ( ,p]ikles1 ! date ( :i* w\ld acc\nt = ! 8beauty0 ( ! /atue4 ,/ill ano!r s*ol>#bddi believes t ,pausanias' rem>k 0 call$ =? by ! epigram on ! /atue4#bdej #c4 ,hippo/h5es1 ( ,sp>ta4#bdea ,pausanias records t a temple 0 d$icat$ to him 9 ,sp>ta1 :]e he receiv$ div9e wor%ip 7,,iii1 #ae4g74 ,x has be5 argu$ t ! words ( ,pausanias 7l4 c47 %[ t ,hippo/h5es "h 0 wor%ip$ only 9 ! "* ( ,poseidon1 ^: epi!t 0 7cf4 ,p41 ,i1 #cj4d74bdeb ,( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 #d4 ,hetoimokles1 son ( ,hippo/h5es ( ,sp>ta4#bdec ,pausanias m5tions a /atue ( ?is victor at ,sp>ta 7,,iii1 #ac4i74 #e4 ,arrha*ion1 ( ,phigalia4#bded ,pausanias records ! /one /atue 9 ! ar*aic pose1 & ) wea!r$ inscription1 erect$ to ?is victor 9 ! m>ket-place at ,phigalia 7,,viii1 #dj4a71 :i* we h discuss$ at l5g? 9 ! prec$+ *apt] 7,fig4 #gi74 #f4 ,kimon1 ! son ( ,/esagoras1 ( ,a!ns4#bdee ,aelian m5tions 1 v true to ! orig9als1 9 ,a!ns1#bdef :i* seem to h be5 set up 9 honor ( 8 ?ree *>iot victories at ,olympia4 ,8 fir/ victory 0 won :5 he 0 9 bani%m5t at ! h&s ( ! tyrant ,peisi/ratos1 son ( ,hippokrates4 ,hav+ ent]$ 8 horses "u ! tyrant's "n = ! second conte/1 he 0 9 consequ5ce recall$1 & a ?ird "t ent]$ !m & won "u 8 own "n4#bdeg ,! pseudo-,&okides confuses ?is old] ,kimon ) ! y\ng]1 :5 he calls ! latt] an ,olympic victor4#bdeh ,simil>ly a s*olia/ on ,ari/ophanes#bdei confuses him ) ,megakles1 :o won a victory 9 ,ol4 #dg 7 #eib ,b4 ,c474#bdfj #g4 ,philippos1 son ( ,b\takides1 ( ,kroton4#bdfa ,! p ( ,ege/a 9 ,sicily erect$ a %r9e ov] 8 grave 9 _! t[n1 & paid him div9e honors on acc\nt ( 8 beauty1 9 :i* he surpass$ all 8 contempor>ies4#bdfb ,( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 #h4 ,a/ylos1 or ,a/yalos1 ( ,kroton4#bdfc ,besides m5tion+ 8 /atue by ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion at ,olympia1 ,pausanias 9 ! same passage 7,,vi1 #ac4a7 m5tions ano!r 9 ! temple ( ,lak9ian ,h]a ne> ,kroton1 :i* 8 fell[-t[nsm5 pull$ d[n 9 ang]1 because he _h call$ himself a ,syracusan 9 ord] to please ! ,sicilian tyrant ,hi]o4#bdfd ,collignon believes t ! /atue at ,kroton 0 also a copy ( ! "w ( ,py?agoras at ,olympia4#bdfe #i4 ,eu?ymos1 son ( ,a/ykles1 ( ,lokroi ,epizephyrioi 9 ,s\? ,italy4#bdff ,9 addition to 8 /atue at ,olympia by ,py?agoras1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #f4d-f71bdfg we "k ( ano!r /atue by ,py?agoras set up 9 ,lokroi 9 honor ( ?is victor4#bdfh ,accord+ to ,kallima*os1 bo? /atues 7 /ruck by lightn+ at ! same "t4 ,o!r writ]s tell wondr\s tales ( ?is box]4#bdfi #aj4 ,!ag5es1 son ( ,timo/h5es1 ( ,?asos1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ,olympic victors4#bdgj ,besides 8 /atue at ,olympia by ,glaukias ( ,aeg9a 7,,vi1 #aa4b & #i71 ,pausanias says t he kn[s ( _m o!r places 9 ,greece & else:]e :]e images ( ?is victor 7 set up 7,,vi1 #aa4i71 & records "o at ,?asos to :i* ! ,?asians sacrific$ z to a god 7,,vi1 #aa4f74 ,! /ory :i* he tells ab\t ?is ,?asian /atue be+ sc\rg$ & fall+ on ! enemy ( ,!ag5es is also rec\nt$ at great] l5g? by ,dio ,*ryso/om#bdga & is m5tion$ by ,eusebios4#bdgb ,lucian says t ! /atue cur$ fev]s1 j z did t ( ,polydamas at ,olympia4#bdgc ,/udniczka has argu$ t ! /atues at ,?asos & else:]e 7 set up to honor ! h]o & n ! victor4#bdgd #aa4 ,ladas1 ( ,sp>ta4#bdge ,two f\r?-c5tury epigrams celebrate ! fleetness ( ,ladas1 & ! second names ,myron z ! /atu>y ( a bronze /atue ( him4#bdgf ,pausanias m5tions a /atue ( ! same victor 9 ! temple ( ,apollo ,lykios 9 ,argos 7,,ii1 #ai4g74 ,:e!r ! latt] /atue 0 id5tical ) ! "o nam$ 9 ! epigram c n be f9ally det]m9$4#bdgg ,pausanias ref]s to a /adion ( ,ladas1 situat$ betwe5 ,mant9ea & ,or*om5os 9 ,arkadia1 9 :i* ,ladas practic$ runn+ 7,,viii1 #ab4e71 & also to 8 grave betwe5 ,belem9a & ,sp>ta 7,,iii1 #ba4a74 #ab4 ,kallias1 son ( ,didymias ( ,a!ns4#bdgh ,ap>t f 8 /atue at ,olympia made by ! ,a!nian pa9t] & sculptor ,mikon1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #f4a71bdgi !re 0 a d$ication to him at ,a!ns1 z we le>n f ! pres]v$ inscription1 :i* enum]ates 8 ?irte5 victories at ,olympia & else:]e4#bdhj #ac4 ,diagoras1 son ( ,damagetos1 ( ,rhodes1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ,greek box]s4#bdha ,9 addition to 8 /atue at ,olympia by ,kallikles1 son ( ,!okosmos ( ,meg>a1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #g4a-b7 z /&+ among ! gr\p ( /atues ( 8 sons & gr&sons1 we le>n f ! s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,ol4 ,,vii1 ,argum41 :o quotes ,gorgon z 8 au?ority1#bdhb t ?is ode1 :i* celebrat$ ! ,olympic victory ( ,diagoras1 0 atta*$ 9 gold5 lett]s to ! walls ( ! temple ( ,a!na at ,l9dos4 #ad4 ,agias1 ( ,ph>salos4#bdhc ,we h already1 9 ,*4 ,,vi1 discuss$ ! gr\p ( m>ble /atues set up at ,delphi by ,dao*os ( ,ph>salos 9 honor ( 8 ance/ors :o _h won 9 v>i\s a?letic conte/s1 :i* 0 discov]$ by ! ,fr5* excavators !re 9 #ahid4 ,we !re m5tion$ t ,preun] f\nd ! same metrical inscription :i* appe>$ on ! base ( ! /atue ( ,agias1 ! be/ pres]v$ ( ! gr\p 7,pl4 #bh & ,fig4 #fh71 9 ! j\rnal ( ,/ackelb]g1#bdhd :o _h copi$ x 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury f a base 9 ,ph>salos :i* has s9ce disappe>$4 ,?is ,!ssalian inscription conta9$ ! additional words t ,lysippos ( ,sikyon 0 ! sculptor4 ,9 bo? inscriptions ! victories ( ,agias at ,olympia & else:]e are not$4 ,?us we "k ( two /atues ( ,agias1 "o at ,delphi1 ! o!r at ,ph>salos1 bo? presumably by ,lysippos4 ,preun] also ?9ks t a ?ird /atue may h /ood 9 ,olympia4 #ae4 ,*eimon1 ( ,argos4#bdhe ,9 m5tion+ ! /atue ( ,*eimon at ,olympia by ! sculptor ,naukydes ( ,argos1 ,pausanias1 9 ! same passage 7,,vi1 #i4c71 records ano!r :i* once /ood 9 ,argos1 b 0 lat] remov$ to ! temple ( ,peace 9 ,rome4#bdhf #af4 ,leon1 son ( ,antikleidas 7or ,antalkidas71 ( ,sp>ta4#bdhg ,a fragm5t ( ,polemon#bdhh m5tions a /atue ( ?is victor4 ,x may h /ood 9 ,olympia1 z ,fo]/] )\t good gr\nds assumes1 or x may h /ood else:]e4 #ag4 ,eubotas 7,eubatas or ,eubatos71 ( ,kyr5e4#bdhi ,besides 8 /atue at ,olympia record$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #h4c71 we le>n ( ano!r set up at ,kyr5e by ! victor's wife = 8 devotion4#bdij #ah4 ,proma*os1 son ( ,dryon1 ( ,pell5e 9 ,a*aia4#bdia ,pausanias n only m5tions a bronze /atue ( ?is victor at ,olympia 7,,vi1 #h4e-f71 b also records "o ( /one d$icat$ likewise by 8 t[nsm5 9 ! ,old ,gymnasion ( ,pell5e 7,,vii1 #bg4e74 ,( ! fif? or f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c43 #ai4 ,an unkn[n victor1 ( ,argos or 787 ,tegea4#bdib ,ari/otle m5tions an inscription f a /atue ( an ,olympic victor 9 two passages ( 8 ,rhetoric4#bdic ,?is epigram 0 repeat$ by ,ari/ophanes ( ,byzantion1#bdid :o wrongly ascrib$ x to ,simonides4#bdie ,:]e ?is /atue /ood c n be det]m9$4 ,( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 #bj4 ,kyniska1 daught] ( ,ar*idamos ,i1 ( ,sp>ta4#bdif ,pausanias1 be=e m5tion+ ! monum5tal gr\p at ,olympia by ,apellas ( ,meg>a1 :i* consi/$ ( ! /atues ( ,kyniska & h] *>iote] /&+ beside a huge bronze *>iot & horses 7,,vi4 #a4f71 & ! small bronze *>iot by ! same sculptor1 set up 9 h] honor 9 ! ve/ibule ( ! temple ( ,zeus 7,v1 #ab4e71 records t !re 0 a %r9e 9 ,sp>ta at ,plane-tree ,grove1 ne> ! y\?s' ex]cise gr\nd1 erect$ to ! h]o9e ,kyniska 7,,iii1 #ae4a74 ,?is latt] d$ication1 !re=e1 0 n prop]ly a victor monum5t1 ?\gh ,pausanias 9 ! same book says t ,kyniska 0 ! fir/ ,greek woman to tra9 horses & to w9 a prize at ,olympia 7,,iii1 #h4a74 #ba4 ,euryleonis1 a victress ( ,sp>ta4#bdig ,pausanias says t %e _h a /atue 9 h] native city ne> ! s-call$ 1 8,t5t0 7,,iii1 #ag4f74 ,curtius has sugge/$ t ?is may be ! small build+ m5tion$ by ,?ukydides z ! place :]e ,k+ ,pausanias took refuge :5 pursu$ by ! ephors4#bdih #bb4 ,ar*ias1 son ( ,eukles1 ( ,hybla4#bdii ,an epigram 9 ! ,greek ,an?ology#bejj speaks ( a /atue ( ?is victor at ,delphi4 #bc4 ,philokrates1 son ( ,antiphon1 ( ,a!ns 7deme ( ,krioa74#beja ,an inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ?is victor has be5 f\nd 9 ,a!ns4#bejb #bd4 ,an unkn[n victor4 ,an inscrib$ base1 f\nd ne> ! ,portico ( ,attalos 9 ,a!ns1 records ! victories ( an unkn[n a?lete at sev]al games1 includ+ "o 9 ! at ,olympia4#bejc #be4 ,phory/as1 son ( ,?riax 7or ,triax71 ( 787 ,tanagra4#bejd ,! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ?is victor1 giv+ ,kaphisias ( ,botia z ! sculptor1 has be5 discov]$ 9 ! ru9s ( ,tanagra4#beje ,8 bro!r ,pamma*os won at ,nemea1 & _h a /atue at ,!bes1 ! "w ( ,teisikrates1 ! inscrib$ base ( :i* has be5 recov]$4#bejf ,( ! f\r? or ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c43 #bf4 ,ari/ophon1 son ( ,lys9os1 ( ,a!ns4#bejg ,besides 8 /atue at ,olympia1 set up at ! co/ ( ! p ( ,a!ns1 m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #ac4aa2 cf4 ,,vi1 #ad4a71 we h ! inscription f ! base ( ano!r :i* 0 set up on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis4#bejh #bg4 ,attalos1 fa!r ( ,k+ ,attalos ,i1#beji ( ,p]gamon4#beaj ,! inscrib$ base ( 8 great victor monum5t1 erect$ by ,epigonos1 has be5 dis- cov]$ at ,p]gamon4#beaa ,( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c43 none4 ,( ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c43 none4 ,( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d43 #bh4 ,x5odamos1 ( ,antikyra 9 ,phokis4#beab ,pausanias m5tions a bronze /atue ( ?is victor 9 ! ,old ,gymnasion at ,antikyra 7,x1 #cf4i74 ,g4 ,hirs*feld#beac _h object$ to ! /atem5t ( ,pausanias1 9 ! passage cit$1 8t ?is 0 ! only ,olympiad omitt$ 9 ! ,elean regi/]10 because ( its inconsi/5cy ) o!r passages :i* /ate t 9 ! #h? ,olympiad1#bead 9 ! #cd?1#beae & 9 ! #ajd?1#beaf ! games 7 celebrat$ by intrud]s1 & n by ! ,eleans1 & h5ce ^! ,olympiads 7 reg>d$ z invalid & 7 n ent]$ 9 ! ,elean regi/]s4 ,h[ev]1 z ,fraz] po9ts out1#beag ! case ) ,ol4 #baa 0 diff]5t4 ,x 0 d\btless celebrat$ by ! ,eleans !mselves & its validity 0 n que/ion$1 b ei!r x 0 nev] ent]$ 9 ! regi/]1 or1 if ent]$1 0 lat] /ruck out4 ,africanus 7cf4 ,philo/ratos7#beah says t ! celebration ( ?is ,olympiad1 :i* %\ld h fall5 #fe ,a4 ,d41 0 def]r$ two ye>s to favor ,n]o1 :o 9 #fg ,a4 ,d4 receiv$ prizes 9 six ev5ts1 includ+ ! t5-horse *>iot-race4#beai ,! ,eleans1 lat] be+ a%am$ ( ?us favor+ ! tyrant1 probably remov$ ,ol4 #baa f ! regi/] aft] 8 dea?4 ,x may be t = ! same reason /atues ( victors ( t ,olympiad 7 n set up 9 ! ,altis1 :i* w\ld expla9 :y t ( ,x5odamos 0 set up 9 8 native city1 :]e ,pausanias saw x4 ,n f9d+ 8 "n 9 ! ,elean regi/]1 ,pausanias w\ld reason t ?is victory fell 9 ! disgrac$ ,ol4 #baa4bebj #bh;a4 ,titos ,phlabios ,artemidoros1 son ( ,artemidoros1 ( ,adana 9 ,kilikia4#beba ,! inscrib$ m>ble tablet f ! base ( ! /atue :i* ?is victor erect$ 9 ,naples 9 honor ( 8 fa!r ,artemidoros1 son ( ,a!nodoros1 is pres]v$4 ,x conta9s a li/ ( 8 own _m victories 9 & 9 games held 9 ,greece1 ,italy1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,egypt4 ,?\gh ! /atue 0 erect$ to 8 fa!r1 ! long inscription %[s t x 0 int5d$ q z mu* to celebrate 8 own a?letic pr[ess4#bebb #bi4 ,titos ,phlabios ,metrobios1 son ( ,demetrios1 ( ,iasos1 ,k>ia4#bebc ,! inscrib$ base ( 8 /atue has be5 f\nd 9 ,iasos4#bebd #cj4 ,s>apion1 ( ,alex&ria1 ,egypt4#bebe ,pausanias m5tions two /atues ( ?is victor1 :i* /ood on ei!r side ( ! entrance to ! ,gymnasion 9 ,elis kn[n z ! ,mal?o4 ,he adds t !y 7 erect$ by ! ,eleans 9 gratitude = ! be/[al ( corn 9 a "t ( fam9e 7,,vi1 #bc4f74 ,he is n to be conf\nd$ ) o!r victors ( ! same "n4#bebf ,( ! second c5tury ,a4 ,d43 #ca4 ,m>kos ,aurelios ,demetrios1 ( ,alex&ria1 ,egypt4#bebg ,8 son1 ,m4 ,aurelios ,asklepiades1 d$icat$ a /atue to him 9 ,rome1 ! inscription f ! base ( :i* has be5 recov]$4#bebh #cb4 ,unkn[n victor1 f ,magnesia ad ,sipylum1 9 ,lydia4#bebi ,8 /atue 9 ,magnesia is kn[n f ! recov]$ inscrib$ base4#becj #cc4 ,kranaos or ,granianos1 ( ,sikyon4#beca ,pausanias m5tions a bronze /atue ( ?is victor z /&+ 9 ! prec9cts ( ! temple ( ,asklepios1 on ! hill ( ,titane1 ne> ,sikyon 7,,ii1 #aa4h74 #cd4 ,titos ,ailios ,aurelios ,apollonios1 ( ,t>sos4#becb ,a /atue ( ?is victor /ood 9 ,a!ns1 z we le>n f its pres]v$ inscrib$ base4#becc #ce4 ,mnasib\los1 ( ,elateia 9 ,phokis4#becd ,8 fell[ citiz5s erect$ a bronze /atue 9 honor ( 8 repell+ ! robb] horde ( ! ,ko/obokoi1 :o ov]ran ,greece 9 ! days ( ,pausanias 7,x1 #cd4e74 ,! /atue /ood 9 8,runn]0 /reet4 ,( ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d43 #cf4 ,aurelios ,toalios1 ( 787 ,o9o&a1 ,lykia4#bece ,! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ?is victor has be5 f\nd 9 ,o9o&a4#becf #cg4 ,aurelios ,metrodoros1 ( ,kyzikos4#becg ,! inscrib$ base ( 8 /atue 0 f\nd 9 ,kyzikos1 & is n[ 9 ,con/ant9ople4#bech #ch4 ,val]ios ,eklektos1 ( ,s9ope4#beci ,besides 8 monum5t at ,olympia1 :i* 0 erect$ imm$iately aft] #bfa ,a4 ,d41#bedj we "k1 f an inscription1 ( ano!r /atue d$icat$ to him 9 ,a!ns "s "t betwe5 #bec & #beg ,a4 ,d4#beda ,( ! f\r? c5tury ,a4 ,d43 #ci4 ,klaudios ,rh\phos1 also call$ ,apollonios ! ,pisan1 son ( ,klaudios ,apollonios1 ( ,smyrna4#bedb ,we le>n f an inscription f\nd 9 ! ,ba?s ( ,titus 9 ,rome t 8 /atue /ood 9 ! c\ncil-*amb] ( ! ,guild ( ,a?letes ( ,h]cules at ,rome4#bedc #dj4 ,phil\m5os1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 ,lydia4#bedd ,! clos+ v]se ( an inscription belong+ to ! base ( 8 /atue is pres]v$ 9 ,panodoros4#bede ,:]e ! /atue /ood c n be det]m9$4 ,( unkn[n dates3 #da4 ,a9etos1 ( 787 ,amyklai4#bedf ,pausanias m5tions ! portrait /atue ( ?is victor at ,amyklai 7,,iii1 #ah4 #g74 ,he says t he expir$ ev5 :ile ! cr[n 0 be+ plac$ on 8 head4 #db4 ,nikokles1 ( ,akriai 9 ,lakonia4#bedg ,pausanias m5tions a monum5t 77 erect$ 9 8 honor at ,akriai1 betwe5 ! ,gymnasion & ! sea-wall 7,,iii1 #bb4e74 #dc4 ,aigi/ratos1 son ( ,polykreon1 ( ,l9dos 9 ,rhodes4#bedh ,a /atue ( ?is victor 0 set up at ,l9dos1 z we le>n f ! pres]v$ inscription on its base f\nd !re4#bedi ,he is call$ 9 ! inscription ! fir/ ,l9dian victor at ,olympia4 #dd4 ,an unkn[n victor1 ( 787 ,delphi4#beej ,! inscrib$ base ( 8 /atue1 ) rema9s ( ! d$ication1 0 f\nd _m ye>s ago at ,delphi by ,cock]ell4#beea ,we h records ( o!r monum5ts erect$ to victors1 b x is n cle> :e!r ! victories record$ 7 won at ,olympia or else:]e4 ,we li/ ! foll[+ ?ree d\btful cases1 :i* h already be5 not$ 9 e>li] *apt]s3 #a4 ,epi*>9os4 ,pausanias m5tions ! /atue 1 by ! sculptor ,kritios1 z /&+ ^u ! ,a!nian ,akropolis 7,i1 #bc4i74 ,! inscrib$ base ( ?is monum5t 0 f\nd 9 #ahci1 betwe5 ! ,propylaia & ! ,p>!non4#beeb ,! inscription /ates t ! /atue 0 ! jo9t "w ( ,kritios 7?us correct+ ! spell+ ( ,pausanias7 & ,nesiotes4 ,x 01 !re=e1 a "w ( ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! date ( ! sculptors ( ! ,tyrannicides 7,fig4 #cb74 ,ross add$ ! ^w aft] ! "n 9 ! inscription4 ,mi*aelis1#beec h[ev]1 has ins]t$ ! "n ( ! victor's fa!r4 ,wilam[itz#beed w5t fur!r & assum$ t ,polemon1 f :om ,pausanias d]iv$ ! acc\nt1 _h already falsely re/or$ ! inscription & t ! /atue did n repres5t ,epi*>9os1 b ano!r victor4 ,?is !ory has be5 rightly controv]t$ by _m s*ol>s4#beee ,x is cle> t ,pausanias got 8 in=mation f ! monum5t1 & n f ! inscription4 #b4 ,h]molykos1 son ( ,eu?o9os or ,eu?ynos4 ,pausanias m5tions ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,h]molykos z /&+ on ! ,akropolis at ,a!ns 7,i1 #bc4aj74 ,?is 0 probably ,h]molykos ! pancratia/1 :o is record$ by ,h]odotos z hav+ di/+ui%$ himself at ! battle ( ,mykale 9 #dgi ,b4 ,c41 & z hav+ be5 aft]w>ds kill$ 9 battle at ,kyrnos 9 ,euboia & buri$ at ,g]ai/os4#beef ,"s s*ol>s h advocat$ ! !ory t ! portrait /atue "h m5tion$ by ,pausanias 0 none o!r ?an ! /atue :i* /ood on ! ,akropolis on ! base :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahci1 d$icat$ by ,h]molykos1 ! son ( ,diitrephes1 ! "w ( ! sculptor ,kresilas1#beeg & t ! ,p]iegete mi/ook ! latt] = ! "o m5tion$ by ,h]odotos4#beeh ,h[ev]1 ,fraz] f9ds ?is explanation 8arbitr>y & highly improbable10 & believes t ! base 9 "q support$ ! /atue ( ,diitrephes1 pi]c$ ) arr[s1 also m5tion$ by ,pausanias 7,i1 #bc4c74beei ,kir*h(f di/+ui%$ n only ! /atue ( ,h]molykos m5tion$ by ,pausanias & ! d$ication ( ,h]molykos reveal$ by ! recov]$ base1 b bo? ( ^! f ! /atue ( ! w\nd$ man m5tion$ by ,pl9y 7,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gd74 ,:ile ,j4 ,six assum$ t ,h]molykos1 son ( ,diitrephes1 d$icat$ ! ,kresilan /atue 9 honor ( 8 gr&fa!r ,h]molykos1 son ( ,eu?o9os1 & t ,pausanias wrongly ga!r$ f ! inscrib$ base t ! /atue repres5t$ ,diitrephes1#befj ,furtwa5gl] believ$ t ,diitrephes 0 ! old] w>rior ( ! "n1 m5tion$ by ,?ukydides1#befa & t ,pausanias1 :o knew no?+ ( him1 wrongly connect$ 8 /atue ) ! y\ng] "o ( t "n4#befb #c4 ,isokrates1 son ( ,!odoros1 ( ,a!ns4 ,! pseudo-,plut>* m5tions a bronze /atue ( ,isokrates1 9 ! =m ( a 1 on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis4#befc ,z ! orator 0 born 9 #dcf ,b4 ,c41 8 y\?ful victory among ! horse-rac]s mu/ h occurr$ ab\t #dbj ,b4 ,c4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results4 ,we h f\nd1 !n1 f ! lit]>y s\rces exam9$1 t !re are at lea/ #dd ,olympic victors1 to :om a total ( #dg monum5ts 7 erect$ outside ,olympia4#befd ,^! monum5ts 7 ( v>i\s k9ds--#a inscrib$ tablet1 #a ,p9d>ic ode engross$ on a temple wall1 #c temples or %r9es1 #cg /atues 7"o ( !m app>5tly iconic71 bronze horses 78 quadriga71 & #d d$ications :i* are n fur!r describ$4 ,?us ! bulk ( ^! monum5ts1 z ( ^? at ,olympia1 consi/$ ( /atues4 ,( ! #bi monum5ts erect$ to #bg victors 9 ! pre-,*ri/ian c5turies1 #c 7 d$icat$ 9 ! sev5?1#befe #d 9 ! six?1 #ac 7to #aa victors7 9 ! fif?1 #a 9 ! fif? or f\r?1 #f 9 ! f\r?1#beff #a 9 ! f\r? or ?ird1 & #a 9 ! ?ird4 ,!re is no record ( su* a d$ication 9 ! second & fir/ c5turies ,b4 ,c4 ,( ! #ad monum5ts erect$ to #ac victors kn[n to belong to ! po/-,*ri/ian c5turies1 #d 7to #c victors7 belong to ! fir/1 #e to ! second1 #c to ! ?ird & #b to ! f\r?2 #d o!rs 7 set up to #d victors ^: dates c n be det]m9$4 ,( o!r monum5ts m5tion$ 7?\gh n includ$ 9 our figures7 #c may or may n h be5 erect$ to ,olympic victors4 ,we f9d t ! greate/ numb] ( d$ications 0 made 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 j z we f\nd 0 ! case 9 reg>d to ^? at ,olympia4#befg ,( ^! victors1 #aj also _h monum5ts at ,olympia4 ,! total numb] ( ,olympic victor monum5ts1 !re=e1 at ,olympia & else:]e ( :i* we h record1 am\nts to #cjb4befh ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,olympic ,,victor ,,/atu>ies4 ,9 conclusion1 we %all briefly summ>ize ! numb] & dates ( ! sculptors ( ,olympic victor monum5ts :o are kn[n to u f all s\rces4#befi ,pausanias names #eb su* sculptors1 :o made #ajb ( ! #aib monum5ts li/$ by him4 ,( ! #db 8honor0 /atues erect$ 9 ! ,altis to #ce m51 ,pausanias m5tions only two sculptors1 ,lysippos1 :o also appe>s among ! victor /atu>ies1 & ,mikon ( ,syracuse1 :o does n4#begj ,pl9y names #bd1 or ne>ly "o-half ( ! a?lete sculptors m5tion$ by ,pausanias4#bega ,no new "n ( an arti/ appe>s ei!r on ! inscrib$ bases f\nd at ,olympia & ref]r$ to ! monum5ts record$ by ,pausanias1 or on ! #fc bases discov]$ !re1 :i* c n be s ref]r$4 ,( ! #eb sculptors kn[n to u f ,pausanias & inscriptions1 ! dates c be assign$ def9itely or approximately ?us3 ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 none2 ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 second half1 #b2 end1 #b2 ( ! end ( ! six? & beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 #a2 ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 fir/ half1 #i2 middle1 #d2 second half1 #c2 end1 #b2 ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 fir/ half1 #aa2 middle1 #a2 second half1 #b2 end1 #c2 ( ! end ( ! f\r? & beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c41 #c2 ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 fir/ half1 #a2 second half1 #a2 end1 #b2 ( ! end ( ! ?ird & beg9n+ ( ! second c5turies ,b4 ,c41 #a2 ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 fir/ half1 #b4 ,no sculptor is nam$ :o liv$ c]ta9ly lat] ?an ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,9 addition to ^! results1 #a sculptor c be assign$ only r\ghly to ! p]iod subsequ5t to ,alex&] ! ,great1 & ! epo* ( /ill ano!r c n be det]m9$4 ,( ! #cg /atues li/$ above z erect$ to ,olympic victors outside ,olympia--i4 e4_/i1 ! major portion ( ! :ole numb] ( #dg monum5ts ( v>i\s sorts set up 9 honor ( #dd victors--! names ( only f\r arti/s are kn[n4 ,?ree ( ^!--,myron1 ,py?agoras ( ,rhegion1 & ,lysippos--also work$ at ,olympia4 ,! "n1 !re=e1 ( only "o new sculptor1 ,kaphisias ( ,botia1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 c be add$ f ?is s\rce1 :i* makes ! gr& total ( victor /atu>ies kn[n to u #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,a ,,! ,,altis ,,at ,,olympia ,,9 ,,! ,,greek ,,p]iod 7,,?ird ,,c5tury ,b4 ,c47 ,adapt$ f ,do]pfeld ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,b ,,! ,,altis ,,at ,,olympia ,,9 ,,! ,,roman ,,p]iod 7,,second ,,c5tury ,a4 ,d47 ,adapt$ f ,do]pfeld ,,footnotes3 #a ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #h-i4 #b ,see infra1 p4 #bbh & n4 #b4 #c ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #aijd-e1 fig4 #g & pp4 #ab-ad4 ,! horse also appe>s on clay docum5ts f ,knossos ) royal *>iots & also on tomb/ones & fragm5t>y frescoes ( ,myc52 = ! latt]1 see ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhg1 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,on ! ,libyan orig9 ( ! fir/ horses introduc$ into ,greece1 see ,w4 ,ridgeway1 ,! ,orig9 & ,influ5ce ( ! ,?or\ghbr$ ,horse1 #aije1 p4 #dhj4 #d ,see ! bull depict$ on a seal f ,praisos1 to be m5tion$ bel[3 ,angelo ,mosso1 ,! ,palaces ( ,crete1 #aijg1 p4 #bah1 fig4 #ih4 ,! ,italian ,mission f\nd at ,hagia ,triada ! bones ( a gigantic bull1 & ,mosso 7cf4 p4 #baf1 n4 #a7 f\nd ! rema9s ( "o at ,phai/os4 #e ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijj-a1 pp4 #id f4 & ,,viii1 #aija-b1 p4 #gd2 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 pp4 #baf-bah2 ,h4 ,r4 ,hall1 ,anc4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,ne> ,ea/1 #aiac1 ,pl4 ,,iv41 #b2 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,c4 ,bosanquet1 ,days 9 ,attica1 #aiad1 ,pl4 ,,ii2 ,ri*t]1 ,hbk4 ( ! ,classical ,collection ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 #aiag1 p4 #bc1 fig4 #ac4 ,z ,dr4 ,evans' ,atlas has n yet appe>$1 ! plate 9 ! text is tak5 f a wat]color by ,gilliron1 9 ! museum ( ,liv]pool4 #f ,x has (t5 be5 pictur$ & describ$3 e4 g41 ,s*liemann1 ,tiryns1 #ahhe1 ,pl4 ,,xiii2 ,s*u*h>dt1 ,s*liemann's ,excavations1 #ahia1 pp4 #aai f4 & fig4 #aaa2 ,ts\ntas-,manatt1 ,! ,myc5an ,age1 #ahig1 p4 #ea1 fig4 #ab2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,vi1 p4 #hhg1 fig4 #dci2 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 p4 #bbj1 fig4 #ajj2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,! ,art ( ! ,greeks1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,lix2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #aac1 fig4 #bdb2 ,tiryns1 ,die ,ergebn4 d4 ,ausgrab4 d deuts*4 ,in/ituts 9 ,a!n1 ,,ii1 #aiab1 ,pl4 ,,xviii4 #g ,on analogy ) ! ,knossos fresco ?is figure1 because ( its :ite sk91 %\ld be t ( a woman & n ( a man1 z ! usual color ( ! latt] is r$4 ,h[ev]1 ! *>iote]s pa9t$ :ite on frescoes discov]$ at ,tiryns 9 #aiaj1 :i* repres5t a bo> hunt 7see ,rod5waldt1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxvi1 #aiaa1 pp4 #aih f4 & fig4 #b1 p4 #bja1 re/or$2 see also ,tiryns1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,xii1 9 color7 are reg>d$ by ,hall z y\?s & n wom54 ,he rem>ks t 9 ,egypt "y pr9ces1 :o l$ ! 8%elt]$ life10 7 (t5 repres5t$ on monum5ts z pale1 ?\gh r$ 0 ! m usual color3 see ,hall1 op4 cit41 p4 #eh & n4 #a2 id41 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 #aiad1 p4 #aij & fig4 #gd on p4 #aib4 ,rod5waldt int]prets !m z female3 l4 c4 #h ,,xv1 #fgi f4 ,f4 ,m>x1 ,jb41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #aai f41 on ! analogy to c]ta9 co9 types1 saw 9 ?is fresco a repres5tation ( riv] div9ities4 #i ,mosso1 op4 cit41 p4 #bih1 fig4 #ih4 #aj ,see ,mosso1 p4 #caa1 fig4 #aec4 #aa ,"h ! pav$ space measures only ab\t #cj by #dj feet & ! two ti]s ( seats w\ld seat only #djj to #ejj spectators3 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,ix1 #aijb-jc1 p4 #aje1 fig4 #fi2 see ,mosso1 p4 #cae1 fig4 #aed1 & ,baikie1 ,! ,sea ,k+s ( ,crete1 #aiac1 ,pls4 ,,xxi 7be=e re/oration71 ,,xxii 7re/or$74 #ab ,see ,burr[s1 ,! ,discov]ies 9 ,crete1 #aijg1 p4 #e4 ,! "o at ,knossos maybe ! 8*oros0 wr\ght by ,daidalos = ,ariadne3 ,iliad1 ,,xviii1 #eij-b4 #ac ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,viii1 #aija-b1 pp4 #gb-d1 fig4 #ci 7arm72 ,pls4 ,,ii1 ,,iii2 ,baikie1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 ,,xix2 ,h4 ,r4 ,hall1 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 ,pl4 ,,xxx1 #b2 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 p4 #bbb1 fig4 #ajb2 cf4 ,burr[s1 op4 cit41 p4 #ba2 ,bulle1 p4 #di1 fig4 #g2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ajc1 fig4 #bbh4 #ad ,rema9s ( copp] wire ) gold foil twi/$ ar\nd x /ill adh]e to ! head ( "o /atuette4 #ae ,see ,mosso1 op4 cit41 p4 #bba1 fig4 #aja2 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijj-ja1 p4 #hh4 #af ,hall1 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 pp4 #ee-f4 ,?\gh discov]$ 9 #ahhi 9 a bee-hive tomb ne> ,sp>ta1 ^! fam\s cups are obvi\sly importations f ,crete1 ! "w ( an arti/ ( ! late ,m9oan ,i p]iod4 ,simil>ly1 ! lion-hunt on ! dagg]-blade f ,myc5 is ak9 to ,cretan art1 if n its product4 ,^! cups h be5 (t5 pictur$3 e4 g41 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,ix2 ,s*u*h>dt1 ,pl4 ,,iii 7,app41 pp4 #cej f472 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,iv1 #ahia1 ,pls4 ,,xi-,,xii 79 color71 ,,xiii-,,xiv2 ,ts\ntas-,manatt1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bbg-h1 figs4 #aac-aad2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,vi1 ,pl4 ,,xv 79 color7 & pp4 #ghf-g1 figs4 #cfi-cgj2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 ,v2 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bbc f41 figs4 #ajc1 a1 b1 & #ajd1 a1 b1 c2 ,hall1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 ,,xv4 #a1 & cf4 id41 ,anci5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,ne> ,ea/1 pp4 #ed-e1 n4 #a2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 pp4 #ajd-e1 figs4 #bcj a1 b2 ,j4 ,h4 ,brea/$1 ,anci5t ,times1 #aiaf1 fig4 #adj1 opp4 p4 #bcd4 #ag ,?is int]pretation ( ! sc5e has be5 comp>$ ) ! design ( a lion & goat on ! %ort sword-blade f ! *iefta9's grave at ,knossos3 see ,burr[s1 op4 cit41 p4 #hh & cf4 pp4 #acf-g4 ,"h !re are two successive sc5es2 fir/ ! agrimi 7wild goat7 is />tl$ & spr+s away2 !n ! lion is repres5t$ triumphant at ! end ( ! *ase ) "o paw on ! bea/'s h9d qu>t] & ! o!r rais$ to /rike3 see ,evans1 ,prehi/oric ,tombs ( ,knossos1 #aijf1 p4 #eg1 fig4 #ei2 cf4 also bronze inlaid dagg]-blade f ,myc51 %[+ hunt+ sc5es on ea* face2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,vi1 ,pl4 ,,xvii1 #a 7pan!r hunt+ wild ducks1 9 color71 ,,xviii1 #c-d1 7lion-hunt by m5 & lions *as+ gazelles1 9 color72 cf4 ,ts\ntas-,manatt1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bjj-b2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 ,pl4 ,v1 #b;a1 b1 #c2 ,s*u*h>dt1 op4 cit41 p4 #bbi1 fig4 #bbg2 cf4 ,burr[s1 op4 cit41 p4 #acf4 #ah ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bbd-e4 #ai ,see ,boeckh1 p4 #cai1 on ,py?41 ,,ii1 #gh4 ,! same ^w occurs also 9 an inscription on a late relief f ,smyrna1 :i* %[s horsem5 pursu+ bulls1 leap+ on _! backs & seiz+ _! horns2 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #cbab2 also 9 an inscription f ,s9ope3 ibid41 ,,iii1 #daeg 7l9e #e72 an inscription f ,aphrodisias calls su* m5 2 ibid41 ,,ii1 ,add41 #bgei;b4 ,! evid5ce %[s t ,g>d9]1 p4 #i1 n4 #b1 is wrong 9 connect+ ! tauroka?apsia ) ! hunt+-field in/ead ( ) ! circus4 ,he cites ! ,smyrna relief above m5tion$ 79 ! ,a%molean ,museum at ,ox=d1 no4 #bai71 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld be int]pret$ z an acrobatic sc5e4 ,see ,j4 ,baunack1 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhc1 pp4 #bic f41 :o discusses bull-fight+ 9 ,!ssaly & ,rome & quotes five inscriptions ( ,hell5ic times to %[ t bea/ fights 7 common 9 ,asia ,m9or4 #bj ,cf4 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bad-bae4 #ba ,iliad1 ,,xviii1 #fje-f 7 ,od41 ,,iv1 #ah-ai74 #bb ,iliad1 ,,xvi1 #gdb-ej4 #bc ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #abi4 #bd ,no4 #bdc2 see ,salzmann1 ,le ,ncropole de ,cameiros1 ,pl4 ,,lvii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bde1 fig4 #ci4 #be ,e4 g41 on "o f\nd at ,knossos 9 #aijc3 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,ix1 #aijb-c1 p4 #eg1 & fig4 #ce on p4 #ef4 ,"h ! attitude ( ! box] is almo/ id5tical ) t on ! pyxis to be describ$ bel[4 ,a full] design ( ! same sort may be se5 on a seal f ,hagia ,triada m5tion$ 9 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,ix1 p4 #eg1 n4 #b4 #bf ,hall1 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 p4 #cc 7c4 #afjj ,b4 ,c472 = description1 ibid41 pp4 #fa-b4 #bg ,op4 cit41 p4 #baa4 ,9 ?is respect x %\ld be comp>$ ) ! relief on ! ar*aic 7six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c47 ,attic tripod vase f ,tanagra1 n[ 9 ,b]l91 :i* %[s sc5es ( box+1 wre/l+1 & runn+3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,iii1 #ahha1 pp4 #cj f4 & ,pls4 ,,iii1 ,,iv4 #bh ,p41 ,v1 #h4 #a1 says ,klym5os came f ,crete fifty ye>s aft] ,deukalion's flood & held games at ,olympia2 cf4 ,,vi1 #ba4f4 ,ari/otle assigns ! :ole political & educational sy/em ( ,sp>ta to a ,cretan orig93 ,politics1 ,,ii1 #aj;f41 #abga;b41 f4 #bi ,see ,r4 ,p>ib5i1 ,r5diconti della ,r4 ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 ,,xii1 #aijc1 fasic4 #gj1 p4 #ag2 ,f4 ,halbh]r1 ibid41 ,,xiv1 #aije1 pp4 #cfe f41 fig4 #a2 ,burr[s1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 #a2 ,mosso1 op4 cit41 p4 #bab4 fig4 #ic2 ,hall1 ,aegean ,ar*ology1 ,pl4 ,,xvi 7f ca/ 9 ,museum ( ,c&ia1 :5ce our plate72 cf4 id41 ,anc4 ,hi/4 ,ne> ,ea/1 ,pl4 ,,iv41 #e4 ,a copy is 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york3 see ,hbk4 ( ,classical ,collection1 p4 #af1 fig4 #h4 #cj ,detail ( zone1 ,mosso1 p4 #bac1 fig4 #id4 ,! acrobat we>s j su* /rip$ boots & bracelets z ! man & wom5 on ! fresco f ,knossos4 ,! man b9d+ ! legs ( ! bull on ! ,vapheio cup we>s simil> app>el4 ,simil> sc5es ( gymna/s vault+ ov] a bull's back are se5 on ! seal ( a bracelet f\nd at ,knossos 9 #aijb3 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,viii1 #aija-b1 p4 #ah1 fig4 #dc2 ,mosso1 p4 #bad1 fig4 #ie;a2 also on ! intaglio ( a r+ 9 ,a!ns3 ,mosso1 p4 #bae1 fig4 #ie;b4 ,sc5es ( gymna/s ) bulls at re/ are common on seal impressions3 e4 g41 on "o f ,myc5 9 ,a!ns1 ,mosso1 p4 #bag1 fig4 #ig2 on ! "o 9 ,c&ia already m5tion$1 ibid41 fig4 #ih2 cf4 ,bosanquet1 ,excavations at ,praisos1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,viii1 p4 #beb1 :o believes ! bull has be5 surpris$ by a hunt]4 #ca ,iliad1 ,,xxii1 #cjh f4 #cb ,,xxiii1 #fgc4 #cc ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijj-a1 fig4 #ca1 pp4 #ie & #if2 copi$ by ,g>d9]1 p4 #aj1 fig4 #a4 #cd ,we %\ld be> 9 m9d t ! civilization pictur$ 9 ! ,hom]ic poems ant$ates #ajjj ,b4 ,c4 #ce ,! ,iliad1#b #aijj1 ,,ii1 p4 #dfh4 #cf ,od41 ,,viii1 #aeh f4 7translat$ by ,but*] & ,lang74 #cg ,g>d9]1 p4 #ae1 po9ts out t !re is no m5tion ( a *>iot-race 9 ! ,odyssey1 m]ely because ,i?aca 0 n a l& 8t pa/ure? horses10 nor _h x 8wide c\rses or mead[l&40 ,! pla9s ( ,!ssaly & ,argos1 ! homes ( ,a*illes & ,agamemnon respectively1 71 h[ev]1 fam$ = _! horses1 & ! pla9 ( ,troy 0 l>ge en\gh = ! *>iot-race4 ,! only o!r *>iot-races m5tion$ 9 ! ,iliad are held 9 ,elis3 ,,xi1 #fif f42 ,,xxiii1 #fcj f4 #ch ,e4 g41 on c]ta9 s>cophagi3 see ,murray1 ,s>cophagi 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pls4 ,,ii1 ,,iii 7"o f ,klazom5ai74 #ci ,! true hoploma*ia describ$ by ,hom] & lat] practis$ by ! ,mant9eans & ,kyr5eans 7cf4 ,a!nu1 ,,iv1 #da1 p4 #aed7 %\ld n be conf\nd$1 z ,g>d9]1 p4 #ba1 n4 #c1 rem>ks1 ) ! lat] competition ( ! same "n held at ! ,a!nian ,!seia & taught 9 ! gymnasia1 :i* 0 a purely milit>y ex]cise l f5c+3 ,plato1 ,la*es1 #ahb;,b & passim2 ,gorgias1 #def;,d2 de ,leg41 #hcc;,e2 cf4 ,d>4-,sagl41 s4 v4 ,hoploma*ia4 #dj ,e4 g41 ,leaf1 9 8 ,companion to ! ,iliad1 #ahib1 p4 #chj2 id41 ,! ,iliad1 ,,ii1 p4 #dag1 note on l9e #fba4 #da ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fcd f42 ibid41 #fba-c1 :]e ,a*illes gives ,ne/or a prize because he w nev] aga9 be able to cont5d 9 box+1 wre/l+1 hurl+ ! javel91 or runn+4 ,9 ,od41 ,,viii1 #ajc & #abh1 leap+ is sub/itut$ = *>iot-rac+4 #db ,e4 g41 ,iliad1 ,,xxii1 #afc-d3 8,! great prize 444 ( a man t is dead02 ,,xxiii1 #fcj f41 :]e ,ne/or recalls victories 9 ! games held by ! ,epeians at ,b\prasion 9 ,elis at ! fun]al ( ! local h]o ,am>ynkeus4 ,b\prasion is also m5tion$ 9 ,iliad1 ,,xi1 #gef1 9 ,ne/or's /ory ( ! w> betwe5 ! ,pylians & ,epeians & ( ! w> wag$ by 8 fa!r ,neleus on ,augeas1 = /eal+ f\r horses :i* _h be5 s5t to ,elis to cont5d = a tripod4 #dc ,examples ( panegyric games 9 honor ( gods are f\nd also 9 ! ,hom]ic ,hymn to ! ,delian ,apollo1 ,i1 #adf f42 9 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,ix4 #f 7,zeus72 ,p41 ,,viii1 #b4a 7,zeus7 & s*ol42 & ,hdt41 ,i1 #add 7,apollo7 & s*ol42 etc4 #dd ,p41 ,,viii1 #d4e4 ,= o!r examples ( fun]al games1 see ref]5ces 9 ,krause1 p4 #i1 n4 #c4 ,he also %[s t musical conte/s 7 fun]>y 9 "*4 #de ,! s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #dbd ,b1 & ,i/hm41 ,argum41 p4 #ead1 calls ! ,nemean & ,i/hmian games fun]>y2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,protrept41 ,*4 ,,ii1 #cd1 #bi ,p4 7quot$ by ,eusebios1 ,praep4 evang41 ,,ii1 #f1 #gb b4 c47 says t all f\r great games 7 fun]>y 9 orig94 #df ,p41 ,i41 #dd4h2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 ,i1 ,*4 #ba1 #acg1 #dja ,p4 #dg ,p41 ,,ii1 #ae4b-c2 ,apollod41 ,,iii1 #f1 #d2 ,hyg9us1 ,fab41 #gd2 s*ol4 on ,p9d>'s ,nem41 ,argum4 ,"h ! umpires wore m\rn+ g>m5ts because ( ! orig9 ( ! games2 see ,g>d9]1 p4 #bbe4 #dh ,ari/otle1 ,peplos1 frag4 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #ahi1 no4 #bhb2 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,protr41 ,*4 ,i1 #b1 #b ,p4 & ,*4 ,,ii1 #cd1 #bi ,p42 ,hyg41 ,fab41 #adj4 ,= a diff]5t /ory ( ! f\nd+ 7to appease ,apollo = n protect+ ! temple :5 ,delphi 0 invad$ by ,danaos71 see ,augu/9e1 de ,civ4 ,dei1 ,,xviii1 #ab2 cf4 s*ol4 on ,p9d41 ,py?41 ,argum42 ,ovid1 ,met41 ,i1 #dde;f4 ,! ,py?ia 7 reorganiz$ by ! ,amphictyons z a fun]al conte/ 9 honor ( ! soldi]s :o fell 9 ! fir/ ,sacr$ ,w>4 #di ,cf4 ,p41 ,v1 #ac4a-b2 ,clem4 ,alex41 l4 c4 #ej ,v1 #g4f-i4 #ea ,see ,/rabo1 ,,viii1 #c4cj 7,c4#ced-e72 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,ii1 #c f42 ,,vi1 #fg f42 ,x1 #be f42 ,diod41 ,,iv1 #ad & ,v1 #fd4 ,accord+ to ,p9d>1 ll4 cc4 & ! s*olia/ on ,ol41 ,,ii1 #b1 #e1 & #g1 ,boeckh1 pp4 #eh-i1 ,h]akles1 ! son ( ,zeus1 in/itut$ ! games 9 honor ( ,zeus2 b ,/atius1 ,!b41 ,,vi1 #e f41 ,sol9us1 ,i1 #bh 7ed4 ,momms571 ,hyg41 ,fab41 #bgc4 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,/rom41 ,i1 ,*4 #ba1 #acg1 say x 0 9 honor ( ,pelops4 ,on ! traditional connection ( ,h]akles ) ,olympia1 see ,e4 ,curtius1 ,abh4 d4 k4 preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 philos4-hi/or4 ,kl41 #ahid1 pp4 #ajih f42 ,busolt1 ,grie*4 ,ges*#b1 #ahic1 ,i1 pp4 #bdj f4 ,on leg5ds ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,olympia1 see ,krause1 ,olympia1 od] ,d>/ellung d] gross5 olympis*5 ,spiel51 #ahch1 pp4 #bf f4 #eb ,cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 pp4 #edi-ej2 ,krause1 p4 #i1 n4 #c2 f ^! two _m ( ! foll[+ examples are tak54 ,cf4 also ,r\se1 pp4 #d & #aj2 ,ko]te1 ,die ,ent/ehung d] ,olympionik5li/e1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxxix1 #aijd1 pp4 #bbd f42 ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme5 und ,i/hmi51 #ahda1 pp4 #i f4 7,py?ian71 #aab f4 7,nemean71 #agj f4 7,i/hmian72 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bg f42 see also ,ridgeway1 ,orig9 ( ,trag$y1 #aiaj1 pp4 #cf1 #ch1 & cf4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxi1 #aiaa1 p4 ,,xlvii4 ,s9ce ! simple !ory ( ! orig9 ( ! ,olympic ,fe/ival 9 ! fun]al games 9 honor ( ,pelops does n expla9 all ! leg5ds ( ! games nor all ! peculi> cu/oms ( ! fe/ival1 & because ( ! inadequate "* ( ! lit]>y evid5ce 7! e>lie/ m5tion ( x be+ a ,delphic oracle quot$ by ,phlegon1 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 p4 #fjd2 cf4 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,protrept1 ,,ii1 #cd1 p4 #bi71 x has be5 attack$ by ,f4 ,m4 ,corn=d 79 ,miss ,h>rison's ,!mis1 pp4 #bab f47 & o!rs4 ,^! s*ol>s h tri$ to f9d ! orig9 ( ! ,olympic games r 9 a ritual conte/ ( succession to ! ?rone1 ! honors ext5d$ to a victor be+ held to prove 8 k+ly or div9e "*4 ,! !ory 0 fir/ propos$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,! ,european ,sky ,god1 ,folk ,lore1 #aijd1 & has rec5tly be5 elaborat$ by ,fraz] 9 8 ,gold5 ,b\gh1#c ,,iii1 pp4 #hi f41 :o has attempt$ to h>monize x ) 8 e>li] fun]al !ory4 ,! inadequacy ( ! new] !ory has be5 %[n by ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9]1 ,! ,alleg$ ,k+%ip ( ! ,olympic ,victor1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiaf-ah1 pp4 #he f4 ,= a review ( 8 pap]1 see also ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxviii1 #aiah1 pp4 ,,xlvii4 #ec ,v1 #ac4b4 #ed ,accord+ to ! same s*olia/1 on #a4 #adi2 ,boeckh1 p4 #dc4 #ee ,cf4 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #aifi1 444 4 #ef ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ch4 #eg ,p41 ,,iii1 #ad4a4 #eh ,?ukyd41 ,v1 #aa4 #ei ,plut41 ,timoleon1 #ci2 ,diod4 ,sic41 ,,xvi1 #ij4a4 #fj ,aulus ,gellius1 ,x1 #ah4e4 #fa ,arrian1 ,anabasis1 ,,vii1 #ad4 ,games 7 held e f\r ye>s 9 honor ( ,ant9oos1 ! favorite ( ,hadrian1 at ,mant9ea3 ,p41 ,,viii1 #i4h4 #fb ,/rabo1 ,,xiv1 #a4ca 7,c4 #fdd47 #fc ,p41 ,,ix1 #b1 #e-f2 he says t !y 7 celebrat$ e f\r? ye> & t ! *ief prizes 7 = runn+4 #fd ,philo/r41 ,vit4 ,soph41 ,,ii1 p4 #fbd2 ,heliod41 ,ae?iop41 ,i1 #ag2 ,ari/otle1 ,con/it4 ( ,a!ns1 #eh2 cf4 ,p41 ,i1 #bi4d4 ,games 7 also held 9 ! ,academy 9 honor ( ,eurygyes3 ,hesy*41 s4 v4 ' 4 #fe ,d5nis1 ,cities & ,cemet]ies ( ,etruria1#c #ahhc1 ,i1 p4 #cgd 7,corneto72 ,,ii1 pp4 #cbc & #ccj 7,*iusi74 #ff ,on ! ,etruscan orig9 ( ! ludi funebres1 see ,val4 ,max41 ,,ii1 #d4d2 ,t]tullian1 de ,spect41 #ab2 ,s]vius ad ,virg41 ,a541 ,x1 #ebj4 ,= ! ,etruscan orig9 ( ! mun]a gladiatorum1 see ,t]tull41 op4 cit41 #e2 ,a!nu1 ,,iv1 #ci 7quot+ ,nikolaos ( ,damascus72 cf4 ,/rabo1 ,v1 #d4ac 7,c4 #bej74 ,!y 7 fir/ introduc$ into ,rome 9 #bfd ,b4 ,c4 9 honor ( ,d4 ,junius ,brutus2 ,livy1 ,,xvi 7,epit472 & are frequ5tly m5tion$3 e4 g41 by ,livy1 ,,xxiii1 #cj1 #ae2 ,,xxxi1 #ej1 #d2 ,,xxxix1 #df1 #b2 ,,xli1 #bh1 #aa2 ,polyb41 ,,xxxii1 #ad1 #e2 ,s]v41 ad ,a541 ,,iii1 #fg & ,v1 #gh2 ,suetonius1 ,julius1 #bf2 etc4 ,see ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #achd f41 #aefc f4 #fg ,page #bh2 he quotes ,p4 ,w4 ,joyce1 ,social ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 ,,ii1 pp4 #dce f4 #fh ,v1 #ag4e-ai4aj4 ,! description ( ! ?rone 7,p41 ,,iii1 #ah4i f2 cf4 ,apollodoros1 ,i1 #i4bh7 is m]ely summ>y1 z ,pausanias only m5tions ! games repres5t$ on x )\t describ+ !m 9 detail4 #fi ,! be/ recon/ruction ( ! sc5es on ! *e/ is by ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xiv1 #ahid1 pp4 #cj-hj & ,pl4 ,i 7repeat$ by ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 ,pl4 ,x1 opp4 p4 #fjf74 ,see also ,rob]t1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #dcf f42 ,p]nice1 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cfe f42 ,/udniczka1 ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #eb f41 n4 #af2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #ic-ajj2 ,furtw41 ,mw41 pp4 #gbc-cb4 ,! be/ attempt to recon/ruct ! sc5es on ! ?rone is by ,furtwa5gl] ,mw41 fig4 #ace1 opposite p4 #gjf2 text1 pp4 #fhi-gai2 cf4 ! be/ ( ! old] attempts by ,brunn1 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,n4 ,f41 ,v1 #ahdg1 p4 #cbe2 id41 ,kun/ bei ,hom]1 pp4 #bb f42 id41 ,grie*4 ,kun/ges*41 #ahic1 ,i1 pp4 #agh f4 ,cf4 also ,kle91 ,ar*4-epigr4 ,mitt4 aus ,oe/]r4-,ung>n1 ,,ix1 #ahhe1 pp4 #ade f42 aga9/ ,kle91 see ,p]nice1 z above1 p4 #cfi4 ,cf4 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #bcj-b2 ,murray1 ,i1 pp4 #hi f4 #gj ,if we foll[$ ,pausanias' acc\nt t ?is 0 ! v *e/ made to save ! infant ,kypselos1 fa!r ( ,p]i&ros & future tyrant ( ,cor9?1 & t x 0 d$icat$ at ,olympia by ! ,kypselid family 7= ! /ory1 see ,hdt41 ,v1 #ib71 ! *e/ w\ld belong to ! eigh? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & mu/ h be5 d$icat$ be=e #ehf-e ,b4 ,c41 :5 ! ,kypselid dyna/y end$ at ,cor9?2 see ,busolt1 ,grie*4 ,ges*41#b ,i1 pp4 #fch & #feg4 ,h[ev]1 ! *e/ at ,olympia _h no?+ to d ) ! leg5d>y "o1 b 0 m]ely a ri*ly decorat$ (f]+ to ! gods1 ! "w ( a ,cor9?ian arti/ ( ! end ( ! sev5? or beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & "o :o knew ! epic poems well4 #ga ,vas51 #afee2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,ix1 p4 #fcg1 fig4 #cdh 7dep>ture ( ,amphi>aos72 p4 #fci1 fig4 #cdi 7*>iot-race72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bi1 fig4 #c2 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #fji1 fig4 #gg2 ,baum4 ,i1 fig4 #fi2 & see ,rob]t ,annali1 ,,xlvi1 #ahgd1 pp4 #hb f42 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-ahgh1 ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,v4 ,! discov]y ( ?is vase at ,c]vet]i 7,ca]e7 9 #ahgb prov$ ! ,cor9?ian workman%ip ( ! *e/4 #gb ,micali1 ,monum5ti p] s]vire all'hi/oria degli anti*i popoli ,italiani#b1 #ahcc1 ,pl4 ,,xcv2 describ$ by ,jahn1 ,ar*aeol4 ,aufsaetze1 pp4 #aed f4 7quot$ by ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #faj74 ,= sc5es repres5t+ ! dep>ture ( ,amphi>aos & a f\r-horse *>iot-race1 see also an ,attic-,cor9?ian vase 9 ,flor5ce3 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 pp4 #aji & #aaa1 figs4 #gh1 #gi 7 ,?i]s*1 ,tyrrh5is*e ,amphor51 ,pl4 ,,iv72 ! latt] also gives u ! olde/ repres5tation ( a ,greek /adion4 #gc ,a4 ,z4 ,,xliii1 #ahhe1 ,pl4 ,,viii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cj1 fig4 #d 7"o side74 #gd ,cit$ by ,g>d9]1 pp4 #cj-ca2 ,+hirami1 ,mon4 ,etr41 #ahba-ahbf1 ,,iii1 #ai1 #bj2 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]-atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #f2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,lx1 fig4 #cjb;b4 #ge ,reproduc$ by ,g>d9]1 p4 #ba1 fig4 #b4 #gf ,cf4 on ?is topic1 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #ca-b2 cf4 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiaf-ah1 p4 #hf1 :]e1 9 speak+ ( ! disput$ orig9 ( ! cu/om ( fun]al games1 he says3 8,x is at lea/ conceivable t x orig9at$ f diff]5t causes 9 diff]5t places & among diff]5t peoples40 #gg ,see a li/ ( tw5ty-five local ,olympia 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,antiquities1#c #ahia1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bgc f41 s4 v4 ,olympia1 tak5 f ,krause1 ,olympia1 pp4 #bjb f4 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iv1 i1 pp4 #aid f41 li/ #cd local ,olympia4 ,mo/ ( ^! less] ,olympia are kn[n to u only f inscriptions & co9s4 ,peisi/ratos appe>s to h f\nd$ annual ,olympia at ,a!ns1 :5 he began to build ! ,olympieion2 ,p9d> seems to allude to !m 9 ,nem4 ,,ii1 #bc 7cf4 s*ol4 ad loc472 !y 7 reorganiz$ magnific5tly by ,hadrian 9 ,a4 ,d4 #aca2 ,sp>tianus1 ,vit4 ,hadriani1 #ac4 ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bbi4 #gh ,lysias1 ,paneg41 notes ?is fact1 :5 he says t ,h]akles re/or$ peace & unity by in/itut+ ! games4 ,pausanias speaks simil>ly ( ! re/oration ( ! games by ,iphitos & ,lyk\rgos3 ,v1 #d4e f4 #gi ,p41 ,v1 #a4c2 #c4f2 ,/rabo1 ,,viii1 #c4cc 7,c4#ceg74 #hj ,! decree gov]n+ ! fe/ival 0 inscrib$ on a diskos1 :i* dates probably f ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,h]aion d[n to ! "t ( ,pausanias4 ,on x ! names ( ,iphitos & ,lyk\rgos 7 legible d[n to ,ari/otle's day3 ,p41 ,v1 #bj4a2 ,plut41 ,lycurgus1 ,i4 #a4 ,phlegon1 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #fjb1 & a s*olion on ,plato1 de ,rep41 #dfe ,d1 m5tion ,kleo/h5es2 cf4 ,l\is ,dy]1 ,h>v>d ,classical ,/udies1 #aijh1 pp4 #dj f42 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dc1 n4 #a4 #ha ,= a discussion ( ! s\rces & hi/ory ( ?is regi/]1 orig9ally compil$ ne> ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 by ,hippias ( ,elis 7,plut41 ,numa1 ,i1 #d2 cf4 ,mahaffy1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 pp4 #afd;f471 & revis$ by v>i\s lat] writ]s f ,ari/otle & ,philo*oros to ,phlegon ( ,tralles & ,julius ,africanus1 see ,jue?n]1 ,ph41 pp4 #fj-gj4 ,f x a complete li/ ( /ade-runn]s 0 copi$ by ! *ur*-hi/orian ,eusebios f ,africanus1 :o _h br\ght x d[n to #bag ,a4 ,d4 #hb ,v1 #h4f4 #hc ,m5tion$ by ,p41 ,v1 #d4f & else:]e2 = ! my?ical acc\nt see ,p41 ,v1 #g4f-h4e 7f ,h]akles to ,oxylos72 ,v1 #h4e1 & ,v1 #i4d 7reviv$ "u ! presid5cy ( ,iphitos & ! desc5dants ( ,oxylos74 ,phlegon1 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #fjc1 says t ! games 7 discont9u$ = #bh ,olympiads f ! "t ( ,h]akles & ,pelops to t ( ,koroibos4 ,velleius ,pat]culus1 ,i1 #h 7ed4 ,halm71 dates ! revival "u ,iphitos1 #gic ,b4 ,c4 ,/rabo1 quot+ ,ephoros1 says t ! ,a*ans controll$ ,olympia to ! "t ( ,oxylos2 = 8 my?ical acc\nt ( ! games1 see ,,viii1 #c4cc 7,c4 #ceg74 ,on presid5ts ( ! games be+ elect$ f ! ,eleans1 see ,p41 ,v1 #i4d-f4 #hd ,especially by ,x5ophon1 ,hell41 ,,iii1 #b4ca2 ,,vii1 #d4bh4 ,pausanias omits all evid5ce ( ! "p play$ by ,kleo/h5es 9 ! truce4 ,see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #dd f4 #he ,see ,do]pfeld1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxiii1 #aijh1 pp4 #ahe f4 #hf ,rec5tly ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9] has argu$ t ! wor%ip ( ,zeus came directly f ,dodona to ,olympia be=e x _h rea*$ ,crete & t ,cretan elem5ts 9 ! cult fir/ appe> at ,olympia 9 ! ,,viii c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,he believes t ! wor%ip ( ,h]a rea*$ ,olympia f ,argos lat] ?an t ( ,zeus1 t[>d ! end ( ! ,,viii c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :5 he supposes ! ,h]aion 0 built z a jo9t temple to bo? deities2 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiaf-ah1 pp4 #he-hf4 #hg ,on 8 cult see ,p41 ,v1 #ac4b1 & s*olion on ,p9d>1 ,ol4 ,i1 #adf & #adi1 ,boeckh1 p4 #dc4 ,aft] be+ r$uc$ to ! rank ( h]o1 ,pelops /ill kept 8 own prec9ct 9 ! ,altis ?r\gh\t antiquity4 #hh ,on ! hi/ory ( ,olympia1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #ch f4 #hi ,= ! leg5ds connect$ ) ! orig9 ( ! ?ree1 see ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme5 und ,i/hmi51 & ! v>i\s articles 9 ,d>4-,sagl4 #ij ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #bih4 #ia ,on ! ,sacr$ or ,krisaian ,w> 7#eij ,b4 ,c471 see ,bury1 ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 #aiac1 pp4 #aeh-i4 ,! fir/ ,py?iad 0 reckon$ f #ehf 7n f #ehb z ,bury & o!rs /ate73 see ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #bdd2 ,boeckh1 ,explic4 ad ,p9d41 ,ol41 ,,xii1 pp4 #bjf f4 #ib ,see ,/rabo1 ,,ix1 #c4aj1 7,c4 #dba72 ,p41 ,x1 #g4d-e2 s*ol4 on ,p9d41 ,py?41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #bih4 ,ovid's idea 7,met41 ,i1 #dde7 t box+1 runn+1 & *>iot-rac+ exi/$ f ! fir/1 is wrong4 ,on ! ,py?ian games1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bjh f4 #ic ,on ! ,nemean games1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bbc-f4 ,z no prop] excavations h be5 made on ! site1 our k ( ! games is conf9$ almo/ entirely to lit]>y evid5ce4 #id ,p41 ,,ii1 #ae4c1 & ,,vi1 #af4d1 m5tions a w9t] celebration4 ,! s*olia/ on ,p9d>'s ,nem41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 pp4 #dbd-e1 says t x 0 a held on ! #ab? ( ! mon? ,panemos1 & s x 0 a summ] & n a w9t] celebration4 ,on !ories ( two celebrations1 see ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ib-c4 #ie ,!y 7 n held 9 midsumm] z "s h ma9ta9$3 see ,?ukyd41 ,,viii1 #i-aj2 ,ung]1 ,philologus1 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgg1 #a-db2 ,niss51 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xlii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #df f4 ,on ! ,i/hmian games1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bad f4 #if ,= ! n9e-day celebration ( ! ,great ,pana!naia1 see ,a4 ,momms51 ,fe/e d] ,/adt ,a!n1 #ahih1 p4 #aec2 cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bbi f4 #ig ,see ,momms51 op4 cit41 pp4 #bgh f41 & ,heortologie1 #ahfd1 pp4 #bfi f4 ,9 rec5t ye>s victor li/s ( ! ,!seia h be5 f\nd3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #ddd-dej1 esp4 #ddg2 = two o!r fragm5ts1 see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxx1 #aije1 pp4 #bac f1 & ,beilag1 a & b 7c ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 above74 ,= o!r li/s ( victors ( local games1 see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxviii1 #aijc1 pp4 #cch f4 7,oropos1 ,samos1 ,l>isa74 ,= vase-pa9t+s ( ! a?letic exploits ( ,!seus1 see ,h>rison1 ,my?ology & ,monum5ts ( ,anci5t ,a!ns1 #ahij1 pp4 ,,xcviii f4 #ih ,see ,ol41 ,,ix1 #hi2 ,,xiii1 #aaj2 ,py?41 ,,viii1 #gi4 #ii ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #bfb-gj2 cf4 ,,xxii1 #afc-d1 :]e ! prizes 7 slave wom5 & tripods4 #ajj ,ibid41 #gjj-e4 #aja ,ibid41 #fec-f4 #ajb ,ibid41 #gdj-ea4 #ajc ,op41 #fec-i2 cf4 ,scut41 #cab-ac4 #ajd ,iliad1 ,,xi1 #gjj2 ,,xxiii1 #bfd2 ,hesiod1 ,scut41 #cab4 ,x is ?us repres5t$ on a ,dipylon vase3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,ix1 #ahfi-gc1 ,pl4 ,,xxxix1 #b2 on ! ,cor9?ian vase repres5t+ ! fun]al games ( ,pelias & ,amphi>aos3 ibid41 ,x1 ,pl4 ,v ,b2 on ! ,franois vase1 & on _m o!rs4 #aje ,iliad1 ,,xxii1 #afd2 cf4 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,ccxlvii4 #ajf ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclvi4 #ajg ,on an amphora by ,niko/h5es3 ,kle91 ,grie*4 ,vas5 mit ,mei/]signatur51#b #ahhg1 ,pl4 ,,xxxi4 #ajh ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #gjb1 z above4 #aji ,hdt41 ,i1 #add4 #aaj ,ion1 ap4 ,p41 ,,vii1 #d4aj4 #aaa ,ari/eid41 ,i1 p4 #hda 7ed4 ,d9dorf74 #aab ,polemon ap4 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vii1 #aec1 ,boeckh1 pp4 #ahj-a4 #aac ,on ! above-m5tion$ ,cor9?ian vase3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,v2 on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos3 ,p41 ,v1 #ag4aa4 #aad ,9 ! ,iliad1 z above4 #aae ,p41 ,,iii1 #ah4g-h4 #aaf ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #ccc2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,vi1 #ahhb1 p4 #aah4 #aag ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,ix1 #ahhe1 p4 #dgh4 #aah ,p41 ,,ix1 #aj4d2 ,hdt41 ,i1 #ib4 #aai ,see ,c>apanos1 ,dodone et ses ,ru9es1 #ahgh1 pp4 #dj1 #da1 & #bbi1 & ,pl4 ,,xxiii1 #b4b bis1 #c1 #d4 #abj ,p41 ,x1 #g4f4 #aba ,p41 ,,iv1 #cb4a4 #abb ,on ! tripod1 see ,reis*1 pp4 #f-g & #eh-i2 ,r\se1 pp4 #aej-a & #cee2 mo/ ( ! above examples h be5 tak5 f ^! writ]s4 #abc ,nem41 ,x1 #de f42 cf4 s*ol4 on ,ol41 ,,vii1 #aec1 ,boeckh1 pp4 #ahj-a4 #abd ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ife4 ,on ! value ( bronze1 cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #f4 #abe ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vii1 #aeb1 ,boeckh1 p4 #ahj4 #abf ,ibid41 ,ol41 ,,vii1 #aef1 ,boeckh1 p4 #aha4 #abg ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,ix1 #hi-ij4 #abh ,ibid41 ,nem41 ,,ix1 #ea2 ,x1 #dc f4 #abi ,ibid41 ,nem41 ,x1 #dd2 s*ol4 on ,ol41 ,,xiii1 #aee & ,,vii1 #aef1 ,boeckh1 pp4 #bhh & #aef1 & ,explic4 ad ,olymp41 ,,ix1 #ajb1 p4 #aid4 #acj ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #a1 #aaf4 #aca ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,x1 #fd1 ,boeckh1 p4 #ejd2 cf4 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ife4 #acb ,a4 ,g41 ,,xiii1 #h4 #acc ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #ebe2 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #beg4 #acd ,= _m ( ^! examples1 see ,reis*1 pp4 #eg f4 7& notes71 & ,r\se1 pp4 #aej-a4 #ace ,at ! ,pana!naia a gold5 cr[n 0 giv5 ! victori\s h>pi/1 a hydria to ! tor*-rac]1 & an ox to ! victor 9 ! pyrrhic *orus3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ife4 ,weapons 7 giv5 at ,delos3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bcfj2 a gold5 cr[n 0 giv5 at ! ,py?ian games 9 ,delphi to ! city :i* furni%$ ! f9e/ sacrificial ox3 ,x5ophon1 ,hell41 ,,iv1 #d4i2 "h also gold5 cr[ns & arms 7 pres5t$ = soldi]s' conte/s3 ,x5ophon1 ibid41 ,,iii1 #d4h & ,,iv1 #b4g4 #acf ,,viii1 #dh4b4 #acg ,fo]/]1 #g4 #ach ,frag41 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #fjd74 #aci ,v1 #g4g2 cf4 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,iii1 #bd f4 #adj ,ol41 ,,iii1 #ac f4 #ada ,pseudo-,ari/ot41 de mirab4 ,auscult41 #ea2 s*ol4 on ,ari/oph41 ,plutus1 #ehf2 ,suidas1 s4 v4 4 #adb ,p41 ,v1 #ae4c2 cf4 ,!ophra/os1 ,hi/4 ,plant41 ,,iv1 #ac1 #b2 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xvi1 #bdj4 #adc ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,iii1 #fj1 ,boeckh1 p4 #ajb4 #add ,pseudo-,ari/ot41 l4 c42 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,iii1 #fj1 & ,,viii1 #ab1 ,boeckh1 pp4 #ajb & #ahi4 #ade ,w5ig]1 ,d] heilige ,oelbaum 9 ,olympia1 #ahie4 #adf ,p41 ,x1 #g4e2 ,m>mor ,p>ium1 #ec f4 ,on ! reason :y ! laurel 0 ! prize = a ,py?ian victory1 see ,p41 ,x1 #g4h2 cf4 ,,viii1 #dh4b 7z above72 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #bih4 ,on ! ,delphian laurel1 see also ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xv1 #abg2 ,dio ,cass41 ,,lxiii1 #i4 ,virgil cr[ns 8 victors ) laurel3 ,a541 ,v1 #bdf & #eci4 #adg ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,iii1 #a2 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #bih4 #adh ,see ,g>d9]1 p4 #bjh1 fig4 #bg1 a co9 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,delphi1 #ch4 #adi ,ana*>sis1 #i2 see also ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #aaf2 ,kaibel1 ,epigrammata graeca1 #ahgh1 no4 #ica4 #aej ,nem41 ,,iv1 #hh2 ,ol41 ,,xiii1 #cb f42 ,i/hm41 ,,ii1 #af1 ,,viii1 #fd4 #aea ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #dbf4 #aeb ,e4 g41 ,p41 ,,viii1 #dh4b2 cf4 ,plut41 ,qae/4 conviv41 ,v1 #c4c2 ,timoleon1 #bf4 #aec ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme5 und ,i/hmi51 pp4 #aig f42 s*ol4 on ,i/hm41 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #ead4 #aed ,see ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,cor9?1 #eji-ab2 #efd2 #fjb-c 7#fjc ,g>d9]1 p4 #bad1 fig4 #bh72 #fbd2 cf4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #acbj1 & ,g>d9]1 p4 #bbb1 n4 #b4 #aee ,p41 ,,ii1 #a4g4 ,curtius1 ,peloponnesos1 ,,ii1 p4 #edc1 believes t ! p9e 0 n a fir1 b ! ,p9us m>itima2 ,philippson1 9 ! ,zeits*r4 d4 ,gesells*4 fu] ,erdkunde zu ,b]l91 ,,xxv1 #ahij1 pp4 #gd f41 believes t x 0 ! ,p9us halep5sis ,mill4 #aef ,see ,droys51 ,h]mes1 ,,xiv1 #ahgi1 p4 #c2 ,head1 ,hi/oria ,nummorum1 pp4 #adf f42 ,imho(-,blum] & ,o4 ,kell]1 ,ti]- und ,pflanz5bild] auf ,mu5z5 und ,gemm51 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #h2 ,,vii1 #b2 ,,ix1 #i-ab2 ,,xxv1 #ai4 #aeg ,,viii1 #dh4b4 #aeh ,see ,t>bell1 ,class4 ,phil41 ,,iii1 pp4 #bfd f42 he traces its orig9 to ,delos & its popul>ity to ! re/oration ( ! ,delian fe/ival by ! ,a!nians 9 #dbf ,b4 ,c4 #aei ,m5tion$ by ,phanias1 ap4 ,a!n41 ,,vi1 #ba 7#bcb c47 #afj ,op41 #fed f42 cf4 ,p41 ,,ix1 #ca4c4 ,! spuri\s epigram 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,vii1 #ec1 may h be5 engrav$ on ?is tripod set up 9 ! temple on ,mt4 ,helikon4 #afa ,p41 ,x1 #g4f4 #afb ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #cgcgi2 ano!r is m5tion$ ibid41 ,i1 #dic4 #afc ,hdt41 ,v1 #fj4 #afd ,hdt41 ,i1 #add4 #afe ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #gb f4 #aff ,see ,r\se1 pp4 #aec f4 #afg ,v1 #ab4h4 #afh ,,vi1 #ai4d4 #afi ,cf4 ,r\se1 p4 #afj & ,reis*1 p4 #fb & n4 #a4 #agj ,see ,r\se1 l4 c42 = ! inscription1 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #cgj4 #aga ,,ii1 #bi4i4 #agb ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #ddi2 see discussion ( bo? /ones 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 pp4 #b f4 #agc ,9 ,ol4 #bee 7 #bda ,a4 ,d472 ,fo]/]1 #gci2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bdj-a4 #agd ,see ,bronz4 v4 #jl41 p4 #agi4 #age ,e4 g41 ! inscrib$ lead weight ( ! sev5? or six? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 f\nd at ,eleusis & d$icat$ by ,epa9etos3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #b1 #dbbd2 cf4 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhc1 pp4 #ahi-ia4 #agf ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 p4 #ahj2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lxv1 #aaja a42 cf4 ano!r f ! ,cyr5aica 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #cbf4 #agg ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #bdc2 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #a1 #abd2 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xxxiv1 #ahgi1 p4 #bjf2 on prize tor*es1 see ,a4 ,g41 ,,vi1 #ajj1 & cf4 ,kaibel1 ,epigr4 gr41 #ahgh1 #idc4 #agh ,kallim41 ,,xlix2 ,a4 ,g41 ,,vi1 #caa2 cf4 ,reis*1 pp4 #fb & #ade-f1 figs4 #ac1 #ad2 ,r\se1 pp4 #afb-c4 #agi ,see ,reis*1 p4 #fb1 & n4 #d4 ,! fluti/ ,/raton d$icat$ 8 flute at ,!spiai 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahah2 a h>pi/ 8 h>p at ,a!ns3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #aab4 #ahj ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4f-g4 #aha ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4d4 #ahb ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a #ahc ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4h4 #ahd ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4i4 #ahe ,p41 ,v1 #ab4e2 ! monum5t consi/$ ( bronze horses only4 #ahf ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4f4 #ahg ,e4 g41 *>iots & driv]s1 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xv1 #bdh1 #bdh;a1 #bdi1 #bej2 ,textbd41 pp4 #ci-dj2 *>iots )\t driv]s1 ibid41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xv1 #beb1 #beb;a1 #bec2 ,textbd41 p4 #dj2 *>iote]s )\t *>iots1 ibid41 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 #bea2 ,textbd41 p4 #dj2 horses belong+ to two-:eel$ *>iots1 ibid41 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 #bed1 #bed;a2 ,textbd41 pp4 #dj-a4 #ahh ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xxv1 #dih f42 ,textbd41 p4 #fh4 #ahi ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 l4 c42 he is foll[$ by ,reis*1 p4 #fa2 ,r\se1 p4 #aff1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t !y w\ld h be5 an 8arti/ic blund]40 #aij ,e4 g41 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xxv1 #ejc f42 ,textbd41 p4 #fi4 #aia ,ibid41 ,pl4 ,,xxv1 #eaj2 "s are old] ?an ! date ( ! introduction ( ! mule-c> race1 ,ol4 #gj 7 #ejj ,b4 ,c471 & "s may h be5 us$ z bases = animal figures3 e4 g41 ,pl4 ,,xxv1 #eji2 ,textbd41 p4 #fi4 #aib ,r\se1 p4 #afe1 sugge/s1 ?\gh )\t evid5ce1 t !y may h be5 (f]$ be=e ! conte/ ) a propitiatory sacrifice4 #aic ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ga4 #aid ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #gh3 fecit et quadrigas bigasque1 etc4 #aie ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #fc & #fd3 fecit et quadrigas multorum g5]um4 #aif ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a4 #aig ,ei!r 9 ,ol4 #fi 7 #ejd ,b4 ,c47 or #gj 7 #ejj ,b4 ,c47 or be=e #fg 7 #eab ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abf2 ,fo]/]1 #ggh 7undat$74 #aih ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4d4 #aii ,! fa!r won 9 ,ol4 #ff or #fg 7 #eaf or #eab ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abj2 ,fo]/]1 #abi & #adi;a2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4i2 ! sons won 9 ! same ev5t 9 ,ol4 #fh 7 #ejh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aba1 & pp4 #ej-ea2 ,fo]/]1 #aeb2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aj4 #bjj ,,vi1 #b4a-b2 he won 9 ! heavy-arm$ race & 9 *>iote]+ 9 ,ols4 787 #hc1 #hd1 7 #ddh1 #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ab2 ,fo]/]1 #baa;a2 ,fo]/] believes t ! two /atues repres5t$ ,lyk9os & 8 *>iote]1 & t !y /ood 9 ! *>iot1 :i* is n m5tion$ by ,pausanias4 #bja ,s ,fo]/]1 l4 c42 see also ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #agf2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #add2 & ,kle91 ,ar*aeol4-epigr4 ,mitt4 aus ,oe/]r4-,ung>n1 ,,vii1 #ahhc1 p4 #gj4 ,= an improbable view1 see ,brunn1 ,i1 p4 #dgi4 #bjb ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a4 #bjc ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxiv1 #ge4 #bjd ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #gh4 #bje ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #ai4 #bjf ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xv1 #bee-g2 ,,xvi1 #beh2 ,textbd41 p4 #da2 t]ra-cotta horses1 ibid41 ,,xvii1 #bfg-ge2 ,textbd41 pp4 #dc-d4 #bjg ,see ,r\se1 p4 #afg4 #bjh ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,v1 #cd f4 #bji ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #b1 p4 #hi1 #cgcii2 cf4 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhg1 p4 #adf 7inscrib$ base reproduc$74 #baj ,m5tion$ by ! pseudo-,plut>*1 ,vit4 ,x ,orat41 ,,iv 7,isokrates71 #db1 p4 #hci c #baa ,p9d>'s ,py?4 ,,xii celebrates ! victory ( ,midas ( ,akragas 9 flute-play+2 he won 9 ,py?4 #bd & #be 7 #dij & #dhf ,b4 ,c47 #bab ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #eh2 bo? at ,cor9? & ,delphi4 #bac ,/rabo1 ,,viii1 #f4 #bj 7,c4 #cgh72 ,ari/eid41 ,i/hm41 #de2 ,livy1 ,,xxxiii1 #cb4 ,dio ,*ryso/om has graphically describ$ ! cr[ds ( spectators :o /ill frequ5t$ ! ,i/hmia 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d43 ,orat41 ,,vii 7 72 ,,viii 7 72 cf4 ,g>d9]1 p4 #agc4 #bad ,plut>*1 ,solon1 #bc2 ,diog4 ,la]t41 #a1 #ee3 etc4 #bae ,= a li/ ( victors1 see ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme5 und ,i/hmi51 pp4 #bji f4 #baf ,see ,julian1 ,epi/41 ,,xxxv4 #bag ,see ,monceaux on ! excavation ( ! temple ( ,poseidon1 ,gaz4 ar*41 ,,ix1 #ahhd1 pp4 #ceh f4 #bah ,lucian1 ,n]o1 #b1 says ,olympia 0 ! 8mo/ a?letic0 ( all2 ,bac*ylides1 ,,xii1 emphasizes ! a?letic "* ( ,nemea4 #bai ,! boys' p5ta?lon 0 introduc$ 9 ! fifty-?ird ,nemead 7 #dfg ,b4 ,c47 & ! pankration = boys e>li]3 cf4 ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,v 79 honor ( ! boy pancratia/ ,py!as ( ,aeg9a2 cf4 ,bac*ylides1 ,,xiii72 ,,vii 79 honor ( ! boy p5ta?lete ,sog5es ( ,aeg9a1 :o won 9 ,nem4 #ed72 ,,iv & ,,vi 79 honor ( two ,aeg9etan boy wre/l]s74 ,! horse-race = boys is m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4d4 ,races 9 armor 7 also important3 ,ph41 #g4 #bbj ,see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bbc f42 li/ ( victors 9 ,krause1 op4 cit41 pp4 #adg f4 #bba ,x1 #i4b 7,fraz]'s transl474 #bbb ,see ,f\c>t & ,wes*]1 ,inscriptions recueillies ,delphes1 #ahfc1 no4 #dfi2 ,hauss\li]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,vi1 #ahhb1 pp4 #bag f42 ,c\ve1 ibid41 ,,xviii1 #ahid1 pp4 #gj-ajj4 ,"o is 9 honor ( ! ,cor9?ian s+] ,ari/onos1 :o compos$ a hymn to ,apollo1 f\nd at ,delphi3 ibid41 ,,xvii1 #ahic1 pp4 #efc f4 ,a ,samian fluti/1 ,satyros1 ga9$ a prize )\t conte/ & recit$ a *oral ode call$ ,dionysos 9 ! /adion1 & play$ an air f ,euripides' ,bac*ae on ! lyre2 ibid41 ,,xvii1 pp4 #hd f4 ,native t[ns erect$ /atues to musical victors3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i41 nos4 #agai-bj4 ,"o inscription records ! rules to be obs]v$ by runn]s1 :o c\ld n dr9k new w9e1 etc43 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xvi1 #ahif1 p4 #cdc & ,b]l9] ,philolog4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xvi1 #ahif1 p4 #hca 7,june #bg72 cf4 ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #bfj4 ,! base ( a /atue ( a boy wre/l] has be5 f\nd3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxi1 #ahgd1 p4 #eg4 #bbc ,x1 #i4b-c2 on ,phallos1 see ,fo]/]1 #gid 7undat$74 #bbd ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 #bbe ,ibid41 #eg4 #bbf ,on ,py?41 ,,ix1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #dja ,b4 #bbg ,,xxiv1 #g4aj4 #bbh ,to be discuss$ infra1 9 ,*4 ,v4 #bbi ,,ii1 #a4g4 #bcj ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 nos4 #abj1 #acc1 #adh4 #bca ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bhhh4 #bcb ,p41 ,,viii1 #ch4e2 cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #ci1 n4 #a4 #bcc ,p41 ,i1 #bc4i2 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #cgf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ci4 #bcd ,p41 ,i1 #bc4aj4 #bce ,p41 ,i1 #bd4c2 cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #ci4 #bcf ,pseudo-,plut>*1 ,vit4 ,x ,orat41 already m5tion$4 #bcg ,p41 ,i1 #ah4c & ,,ix1 #cb4h2 cf4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gi4 #bch ,contra ,leocr41 p4 #ea 7ed4 ,reiske1 p4 #agf47 #bci ,cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 pp4 #bg f4 #bdj ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #dai2 he won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh4 #bda ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #acjc4 #bdb ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,ix1 #cb4 ,reis*1 p4 #ci1 ascribes ^! to ! monum5t ( ! old] ,kimon1 :o won 9 *>iot-rac+ ?ree times at ,olympia3 ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ajc2 ,plut41 ,cato ,major1 #e2 ,fo]/]1 #abd & #acb4 #bdc ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #acjj4 #bdd ,ibid41 #acja2 cf4 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #bcc4 #bde ,ibid41 #acje1 #acab4 #bdf ,ibid41 #acjb4 #bdg ,ibid41 #acjd4 #bdh ,ibid41 #acbc4 #bdi ,ibid41 #acac4 #bej ,ibid41 #acad4 #bea ,ibid41 #acah-bj4 #beb ,! 1 m5tion$ by ,p41 ,v1 #i4 #d f4 & else:]e2 sometimes he calls !m m]ely 3 e4 g41 ,,vi1 #ac4i4 #bec ,e4 g41 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4i1 says t ! ,eleans all[$ ,pheidolas to d$icate a /atue ( 8 m>e2 9 ,,vi1 #c4f1 he says t !y all[$ ! wre/l] ,krat9os to set up a /atue ( 8 tra9]4 #bed ,,xxxiv1 #af4 ,see infra1 pp4 #ed & #ced4 #bee ,,vi1 #a4a4 #bef ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bcf4 #beg ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #ai f4 7nude y\?s ) lo/ attributes s t !y c n be nam$ ) c]ta9ty72 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,viii1 #dg 7! olde/72 ,,vii1 #dh ,f4 ,w41 #ceb 7,apollo1 foll[+ ,ov]beck1 ,gr4 ,kun/mytk41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 p4 #ce1 fig4 #f72 ,,viii1 #di ,f4 ,w41 #cec2 ,,viii1 #ea-d & #eg 7! latt] is a box] ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,fig4 #b 9 text72 ,,vi1 #ej2 ,,vi1 #ei 7"r arm ( a fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 diskobolos72 ,,vi1 #fc 7"r l[] leg74 ,purgold1 ,annali1 ,,lvii1 #ahhe1 pp4 #afg f41 makes ^! diskoboloi decorative 9 "*4 #beh ,de ,ridd]1 no4 #gdg4 #bei ,ibid41 no4 #gdf4 #bfj ,ibid41 no4 #fcf4 #bfa ,c>apanos1 ,dodone et ses ,ru9es1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 #a & #a bis 7probably n ,atalanta1 z ,c>apanos sugge/s on p4 #ca1 no4 #d74 #bfb ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 ,pls4 ,x & ,,xi4 #bfc ,a4 ,m41 ,,xv1 #ahij1 p4 #cfe4 #bfd ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 pp4 #afc f41 & ,pl4 ,,ix2 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ie f4 #bfe ,c>apanos1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #a4 #bff ,e4 g41 see ,e4 von ,sack51 ,die antik5 ,bronz5 des k4 k4 ,mu5z- und ,antik5-,cab9etes 9 ,wi51 #ahga1 ,pl4 #cg1 fig4 #d1 & ,pl4 #de1 fig4 #a2 cf4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #a1 text1 pp4 #agf-g4 ,see li/s1 f :i* _m ( ! above examples are tak51 9 ,reis*1 p4 #ci1 & ,r\se1 pp4 #agb f4 #bfg ,! sev5 fragm5ts collect$ by ,treu1 :i* are two-fif?s to two-?irds life-size3 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #b1 7 ,fig4 #gh1 infra7 & ,textbd41 p4 #baf1 no4 #bda2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #c1 #d & ,textbd41 p4 #baf1 n4 #d & fig4 #bdb4 #bfh ,v1 #bg4b-c4 #bfi ,reis*1 pp4 #ci f41 gives examples ( ^! = *>iot victories at ! ,pana!naia & ! games at ,oropos1 :i* latt] 7 imitat$ f ! ,pana!naia4 #bgj ,v1 #af4c3 4 ,r\se1 p4 #afg1 n4 #i1 %[s t ^! words d n mean 8/atues ( !mselves ) _! names engrav$ on !m10 z ,fraz] translates1 b pa9t$ reliefs4 #bga ,b5ndorf1 ,grie*4 und ,sicil4 ,vas5bild]1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,ix1 pp4 #ac f4 #bgb ,i1 #bb4g4 ,reis*1 p4 #dj1 believes ?is repres5t$ a ,pana!naic victor4 #bgc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ii4 ,cf4 ,e4 ,krok]1 ,glei*namige grie*is*e ,ku5/l]1 #ahhc1 p4 #ce4 #bgd ,ibid41 #ge4 #bge ,ibid41 #fc4 #bgf ,ibid41 #ada4 #bgg ,ibid41 #ajf4 #bgh ,ibid41 #ga4 #bgi ,ibid41 #acj4 #bhj ,ibid41 #add4 #bha ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ac4 ,he won ! p5ta?lon twice "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #abf & #acb 7 #bgf & #beb ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aci2 ,fo]/]1 #dea & #def2 ! inscription on "o has be5 recov]$3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agf4 #bhb ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4aa4 ,8 victories 9 runn+ races occurr$ 9 ,ols4 787 #ie1 787 #ig & #ii2 7 #djj1 #cib & #chd ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #cc2 ,fo]/]1 #cjg1 #cae1 #caf4 ,! inscription f ! base ( "o is pres]v$ 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xiii1 #ae4 #bhc ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a-b2 ,hyde1 #ab2 ,fo]/]1 #baa;a4 #bhd ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4aj2 he won ! pankration & wre/l+ mat* 9 ,ol4 #adb 7 #bab ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aej2 ,fo]/]1 #dgd1 #dge4 #bhe ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 he won 9 ! two- & f\r-horse *>iot-races 9 ,ols4 #ajb1 #ajc 7 #cgb & #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cch1 #cde2 = ! inscription on its base1 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aff4 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 p4 #bde1 inf]s t he _h only "o victory1 9 #cgb ,b4 ,c4 #bhf ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4b2 he won 9 ,ols4 787 #hf1 #hg 7 #dcf1 #dcb ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ac2 ,fo]/]1 #bej1 #bef4 #bhg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab2 ,ins*r4 v 4 ,ol41 #agj2 ibid41 no4 #aed belongs to ! victory m5tion$ by ,pausanias4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #acc2 ,fo]/]1 #cbg4 #bhh ,e4 g41 ,de9om5es set up a *>iot-gr\p to 8 fa!r ,hi]o3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a2 ,glaukos _h a /atue d$icat$ by 8 son3 ,,vi1 #aj4c2 ,m5$emos set up a /atue to 8 fa!r ( ! same "n3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bad2 ! sons ( ,hi]o ,,ii1 ! son ( ,hi]okles1 ( ,syracuse1 set up 9 honor ( _! fa!r two /atues by ! ,syracusan /atu>y ,mikon1 "o on horseback1 ! o!r on foot3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4b f42 ,hyde #aje;a & pp4 #dd-e2 ano!r ( ! same ,hi]o 0 set up at ,olympia by 8 sons3 ,,vi1 #ae4f2 ,hyde1 #adg;a2 ^! latt]1 h[ev]1 are 8honor0 & n victor /atues4 #bhi ,e4 g41 ,h]mokrates d$icat$ a /atue to 8 son ,kleitoma*os ( ,!bes3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4c f42 he won 9 pankration & box+ 9 ,ols4 #ada & #adb 7 #baf1 #bab ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #adf2 ,fo]/]1 #dgb1 #dgf4 ,! epigram by ,alkaios 7 ,m9or7 ( ,mess5ia is pres]v$ 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ix1 #ehh4 ,= inscriptions aft] ! "t ( ,augu/us1 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bae 7,m5$emos to 8 son ( ! same "n72 #baf 7,ari/odemos to 8 son ,lykom$es ( ,elis72 ,fo]/]1 #eej2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bah 7,timolas to 8 son ,ar*iadas ( ,elis72 ,fo]/]1 #ece2 etc4 #bij ,e4 g41 ,klaudia ,kleodike to h] son ,m4 ,antonios ,kallipos ,peisanos ( ,elis3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbc2 ,fo]/]1 #efh4 #bia ,e4 g41 ,diodoros to 8 bro!r ,nikanor ( ,ephesos3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbg2 he won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #bag 7 #hi ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #fff4 #bib ,e4 g41 ,l\kios ,betil5os 7 ,vetul5us7 set "o up to ,t4 ,klaudios ,aphrodeisios ( ,elis 7873 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbf4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #bjh 7 #ec ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #fcd2 two ,eleans set up /atues1 "o1 ,m4 ,antonios ,peisanos1 to ,g]manicus ,caes>1 adopt$ son ( ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius 7,fo]/]1 #fab71 ! o!r1 ,gnaios ,m>kios1 to ,tib]ius or ,g]manicus3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bba & #bbb4 #bic ,e4 g41 ,mikon ! tra9] to an unkn[n ,samian box]3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4i2 ,hyde1 #ai & pp4 #bi-cj2 ,fo]/]1 #hjd4 #bid ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4h2 cf4 ,,vii1 #ag4f & #ac f42 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #bi2 ,fo]/]1 #f4 #bie ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b2 he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ic & #ajc 7 #djh & #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ec2 ,fo]/]1 #cee4 #bif ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4b2 he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aad & #acb 7 #cbd & #beb ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #agb2 ,fo]/]1 #ced4 #big ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4b2 two ( ! victories 9 ! /ade-race fell 9 ,ols4 #abi & #acj 7 #bfd & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #agc2 ,fo]/]1 #ddj-b2 #ddd-e4 #bih ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4d4 ,he won ! boys' wre/l+ mat* "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #aah 7 #cbj & #cjh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #agh2 ,fo]/]1 #cgg4 #bii ,= ! "o at ,olympia1 see ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4e2 = ! "o at ,pell5e1 id41 ,,vii1 #bg4e2 he won 9 ,ol4 #id 7 #cif ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ha2 ,fo]/]1 #bhf4 ,simil>ly1 ,hi]o ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,syracuse1 _h two /atues honoris causa at ,olympia set up by 8 fell[ citiz5s3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4 #f2 ,hyde1 #adg;a4 #cjj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afi2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aa2 he won ! pankration "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #acj 7 #cbj & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abc2 ,fo]/]1 #geh 7undat$74 #cja ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahf2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4f2 he won twice 9 box+ betwe5 ,ols4 787 #add & #adg 7 #bjd & #aib ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #adg2 ,fo]/]1 #eaj & #eab4 #cjb ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbd2 he won ! boys' wre/l+ mat* 9 ,roman days2 ,fo]/]1 #hbc4 #cjc ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4b-c2 ,?ukydides1 ,v1 #di-ej2 he won 9 ,ol4 #ij 7 #dbj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ad2 ,fo]/]1 #bgj4 #cjd ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bbb4 #cje ,s ,s*]]1 p4 #e4 ,8 evid5ce is f inscriptions ( imp]ial days 7e4 g41 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bah1 #bbc1 #bbg71 :5 ! d$icatory =mula diff]$ some:at f t ( e>li] times4 #cjf ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adg-h2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ajb2 ,fo]/]1 #bcg4 #cjg ,,vi1 #c4f4 ,he won sometime betwe5 ,ols4 787 #abj & #acj 7 #cjj & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #bg2 ,fo]/]1 #dcc4 #cjh ,,vi1 #h4c4 ,he won ! /ade-race & ! *>iot-race 9 ,ols4 #ic & #ajd 7 #djh & #cfd ,b4 ,c47 respectively3 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #ge2 ,fo]/]1 #bgg1 #cej4 #cji ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4f2 he won 9 wre/l+ mat*es six times 9 ,ol4 787 #fa1 & 9 ,ols4 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff 7 #ecf-eaf ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abh2 ,fo]/]1 #aaf1 #abb1 #abf1 #aca1 #acf1 #ada4 #caj ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4b2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa & p4 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-f4 #caa ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4f2 ,hyde1 #da & cf4 p4 #cf2 ,fo]/]1 #chd1 #cib4 #cab ,p41 ,,vi1 #e4a42 ,,vii1 #bg4f2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #dg2 ,fo]/]1 #bgi4 #cac ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4a2 ,hyde1 #ic & p4 #db2 ,fo]/]1 #acg4 #cad ,! age ( boy victors at ,olympia seems to h be5 #ag-bj3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ef1 ll4 #aa f4 7ref]r+ to ! ord] ( ! ,augu/alia1 or 1 celebrat$ 9 ,naples1 :i* 7 model$ aft] ^? ( ,olympia1 cf4 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #ehje74 ,ar*ippos ( ,mytil5e won ! cr[n = box+ at ,olympia1 ,delphi1 ,nemea1 & on ! ,i/hmus among ! m5 at n ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4a2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agc2 he won sometime betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #abe 7 #cbj & #bhj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #adj2 ,fo]/]1 #geg 7undat$74 ,s9ce ,pausanias m5tions ?is z a rem>kable record1 we %\ld suspect 8 /atem5t t ! boy runn] ,damiskos ( ,mess5e 0 b twelve :5 he won ! /ade-race3 ,,vi1 #b4aj2 he won ,ol4 #ajc 7 #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #bj2 ,fo]/]1 #cdc4 ,ano!r victor1 ( unkn[n date1 ,nikasylos ( ,rhodes1 0 disqualifi$ :5 eighte5 ye>s old f ent]+ ! boys' wre/l+ mat* because ( 8 age1 & s ent]$ t ( ! m53 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4a-b2 ,hyde1 #abe2 ,fo]/]1 #ghg4 ,he di$ at tw5ty4 ,su* inconsi/5cies 9 ,pausanias' acc\nt %[ t ! ,hellanodikai ex]cis$ "s discretion 9 _! judgm5t1 tak+ into consid]ation n m]ely age1 b size & /r5g?4 #cae ,on ma9t5ance at ! ,prytaneion1 see ,plato1 de ,rep41 ,v1 #dfe ,d2 ,apology1 #cf ,d2 ,plut41 ,ari/eides1 #bg2 ,a!nu1 ,,vi1 #cb 7p4 #bcg1 quot+ ,timokles71 & ,x1 #f 7p4 #dad1 quot+ ,x5ophanes72 ,r4 ,s*oell1 ,die ,speisung im ,prytaneion zu ,a!n1 ,h]mes1 ,,vi1 #ahgb1 pp4 #ad f4 7& ,a!nian inscription1 pp4 #cj f47 ,he concludes t ?is honor 0 giv5 to ,a!nian victors only 9 ! *>iot-race at ,olympia1 & 9 gymnic conte/s at ! o!r great games4 ,solon orda9$ t ^! meals be frugal1 consi/+ ( a b>ley loaf on common days & a :eat5 "o on fe/ival days3 see ,a!nu1 ,,iv1 #ad 7p4 #acg e74 #caf ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ife4 #cag ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lii1 #cj1 #e-f4 #cah ,suet41 ,octav41 #de2 cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #agd-e4 #cai ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4a2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaj2 ,fo]/]1 #agf-g1 #aha-b1 #ahg-h4 #cbj ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4f2 ,hyde1 #ahf2 ,fo]/]1 #cag1 #cbc4 #cba ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4aa2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #cc2 ,fo]/]1 #cjg1 #cae1 #caf4 #cbb ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4f-g2 ,hyde1 #af2 ,fo]/]1 #cji4 #cbc ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4b-c2 ,?ukyd41 ,v1 #di-ej2 ,krause1 ,olympia1 p4 #add4 #cbd ,p41 ,v1 #ba4c-d4 ,eupolos won 9 ,ol4 #ih 7 #chh ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #cac4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #cbe ,p41 ,v1 #ba4e2 ,kallipos won ,ol4 #aab 7 #ccb ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #che4 #cbf ,p41 ,v1 #ba4h f42 on ,/raton1 see ,fo]/]1 #egj-a4 #cbg ,p41 ,v1 #ba4af-ag2 see ,fo]/]1 #eih 7= ! ,elean boy wre/l] ,polyktor1 son ( ,damonikos72 ,p41 ,v1 #ba4ae2 ,fo]/] #fhd 7= ! box] ,didas & 8 antagoni/ ,s>apammon1 bo? ,egyptians74 ,on cases ( brib]y at ,olympia1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #acd-e & #agd2 ,krause1 ,olympia1 pp4 #add f4 #cbh ,p41 ,v1 #ba4ah4 #cbi ,p41 ,v1 #ba4ab-ad4 #ccj ,ditt5b]g]1 ,sylloge ,inscriptionum ,graec>um1#b ,,ii1 #fhi2 ,cavvadias 7,kabbadias71 ,f\illes d'pidaure1 ,i1 #ahia1 p4 #gg1 no4 #bch4 #cca ,ph41 #de4 ,he says t victories 7 b\ght & sold 9 8 day & t ! practice 0 enc\rag$ by tra9]s4 ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bai4 #ccb ,lucian1 ,n]o1 #i4 ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bah-bai #ccc ,see ,g>d9]1 p4 #gg4 #ccd ,diod41 ,,xiii1 #hb2 ,fo]/]1 #bga & #bgf4 ,suetonius says t ,n]o1 on arriv+ 9 ,naples aft] 8 t\r ( ,greece1 made 8 entrance 9 a *>iot drawn by :ite horses ?r\gh a brea* 9 ! city wall 8accord+ to ! practice ( victors at ! ,greek games10 & t he ent]$ ,rome 9 ! triumphal *>iot ( ,augu/us dress$ 9 a purple tunic & a gold-embroid]$ cloak ?r\gh a brea* 9 ! wall ( ! ,circus ,maximus3 ,n]o1 #be4 ,?\gh ,plut>* says t victors c\ld te> d[n "p ( ! city walls 7,quae/4 conviv41 ,,ii1 #e4b71 su* extravagances seem to h be5 introduc$ late & n to h belong$ to ! great days ( ,greek a?letics4 #cce ,cf4 ,wald/e91 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 pp4 #aih-i4 #ccf ,hdt41 ,v1 #dg2 cf4 ,eu/a?4 on ,hom41 ,iliad1 ,,iii1 p4 #chc1 #dc2 ,fo]/]1 #ach4 #ccg ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4d f42 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg4 #cch ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4g-aa2 ,/rabo1 ,,vi1 #a4e 7,c4 #bee72 ,ael41 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,viii1 #ah4 #cci ,s ,kallima*os apud ,pl941 ,h4 ,n41 ,,vii1 #aeb 7 ,s4 ,q41 #did72 he also /ates t two ( 8 /atues1 "o at ,lokroi1 ! o!r at ,olympia1 7 /ruck by lightn+ on ! same day4 #cdj ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4h-i2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ajd2 ,fo]/]1 #aia1 #aif4 #cda ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4b4 #cdb ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4h2 cf4 ,suidas1 s4 v4 2 ,fo]/]1 #afb2 cf4 ,hyde1 #ij;a 7?\gh !re 0 no /atue at ,olympia74 #cdc ,,vi1 #i4f-h4 #cdd ,?us ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4i1 says t /atues ( ,!ag5es 7 erect$ )9 & beyond ,greece & c\ld heal sickness4 ,lucian says t 9 8 day ! /atues ( bo? ,!ag5es on ,?asos & ( ,polydamas ( ,skot\ssa at ,olympia cur$ fev]s3 ,deorum ,concilium1 #ab4 ,polydamas won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 8 /atue by ,lysippos 0 set up lat]3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #e4a2 ,hyde1 #dg2 ,fo]/]1 #bgi4 ,g>d9] has rec5tly call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! evid5ce = ! canonization ( ! five victors m5tion$ is mo/ly late1 & he !re=e d\bts if x _h any?+ to d ) _! victories at ,olympia3 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiaf-ah1 pp4 #if1 #ig4 #cde ,ll4 #aafa f4 #cdf ,de ,rep41 ,v1 #dfe ,d4 ,e4 #cdg ,de ,rep41 #fbj ,b42 cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #abi-acj4 #cdh ,x541 ,hell41 ,i1 #e4ai2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4d f42 ,hyde1 #fa2 ,fo]/]1 #beh1 #bfj1 #bfb4 #cdi ,damagetos won 9 box+ 787 9 ,ol4 #ef 7 #eef ,b4 ,c73 ,h]mipp41 fr4 #ad 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,iii1 p4 #ci72 ,a4 ,g41 ,,vii1 #hh2 ,pl41 ,h4 ,n41 ,,vii1 #aai2 ,fo]/]1 #ajh4 #cej ,hbk41 pp4 #bae-baf4 #cea ,ap4 ,a!num1 ,x1 #f 7pp4 #dac-ad72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #gi1 has giv5 a translation ( 8 prote/4 #ceb ,ap4 ,a!n41 ,x1 #e 7p4 #dac74 #cec ,de ,rep41 #djd ,a42 #daj ,d4 7cf4 #ece ,d474 #ced 4 ,= translation1 see ,g>d9]1 p4 #ahh4 #cee ,see ,sec*i1 ,mosaico ,anton9iano1 & ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #bbc1 fig4 #agd4 #cef ,,vi1 #a4a3 4 #ceg ,see ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bci4 #ceh ,pp4 #bgb-c4 #cei ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4h2 ,hyde1 #ii b & p4 #dd2 ,fo]/]1 #gg-i4 #cfj ,ins*r4 v4 #jl41 #bcf2 ,fo]/]1 #fhf4 ,x 0 ! cu/om also at ,delphi to d$icate *>iots2 ?us we h already m5tion$ t ,arkesilas ,,iv ( ,kyr5e d$icat$ 8 *>iot !re aft] a ,py?ian victory 9 ,ol4 #gh4c 7 #dfb ,b4 ,c473 ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,v1 #cd f4 ,an inscription tells u ( a bronze :eel be+ d$icat$ to ! ,diosk\roi3 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 p4 #agc1 #dc;a4 #cfa ,e4 g41 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adb 7,pant>es72 #afj 7,kyniska74 #cfb ,e4 g41 ibid41 #adc 7,gelo72 #agh 7,glaukon72 #aij 7son ( ,ari/otle72 #aia 7,agilo*os72 #aid 7son ( ,nikodromos72 #aig 7,antig5es72 #bag 7,lykom$es72 #bbb 7,gnaios ,m>kios72 #bcc 7,kasia ,mnasi!a74 #cfc ,?us ibid41 #adb1 #adc1 #bcf4 #cfd ,ibid41 #agh1 #aij 7suppli$71 #aia 7suppli$71 #aid1 #aig1 #bag1 #bbg1 #bcc 7suppli$74 #cfe ,ibid41 #afj4 #cff ,ibid41 #agg4 #cfg ,v1 #ba4a4 #cfh ,v1 #be4a4 #cfi ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 p4 #bi4 #cgj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #add2 "h 9 ! r5ew$ inscription occurs also ! ^w 2 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg4 #cga ,l4 c41 p4 #ca1 n4 #a2 "h he gives a li/ ( ! metrical exceptions ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 f inscriptions1 t ( ,a9eas1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxv1 #ahgg1 p4 #ch1 no4 #hf2 ,fo]/]1 #bdd 7an inscription n appe>+ 9 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol471 & ,tellon1 ,a4 ,z41 ibid41 p4 #aij1 no4 #ia1 & ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 p4 #gj 7 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adg-h72 f ,pausanias1 t ( ,kleo/h5es 7wrongly ,klei/h5es71 ,,vi1 #aj4f1 & ,dam>*os1 ,,vi1 #h4b4 ,! li/ %\ld he correct$ z foll[s4 ,f inscriptions3 ,tellon1 boy box] ( ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adg-h2 ,hyde1 #ajb2 ,fo]/]1 #bcg2 ,kyniskos1 boy box] ( ,ol4 787 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4aa2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adi2 ,hyde1 #de2 ,fo]/]1 #bee2 ,*>mides1 boy box] ( ,ol4 787 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aef 7r5ew$72 ,hyde1 #eh2 ,fo]/]1 #gfc 7undat$72 444krates1 boy runn]1 ,ol4 787 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c473 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aeg2 ,fo]/]1 #bhj4 ,f ,pausanias3 ,dam>*os1 box]1 :o won be=e ,ol4 #ge 7 #dhj ,b4 ,c47 or aft] ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,,vi1 #h4b2 ,hyde1 #gd & p4 #ch2 ,fo]/]1 #deb4 #cgb ,e4 g41 ! ,cretan ,philonides1 c\ri] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 d$icat$ 8 portrait /atue to ! god3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bgf2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4e2 ,hyde1 #aed a4 #cgc ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #add4 #cgd ,s ,ditt5b]g]1 & ,furtwa5gl] 7l4 c41 p4 #cj1 n4 #b71 foll[+ ,roehl1 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 on no4 #chh2 ,roehl believ$ t orig9ally ! ^w ,lokroi or ! "n ( ! victor's fa!r appe>$ z ! d$icator1 & lat]1 because ! victor wi%$ to remove ! exp5se f 8 city or because 8 fa!r di$1 ,eu?ymos himself re/or$ x2 see discussion ( ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bdi-ebj4 ,! orig9al inscription has 4 #cge ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bfd2 ,roehl1 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #ehi4 #cgf ,s ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bda1 & no4 #bac2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #gb2 ,fo]/]1 foll[+ ! e>li] dat+ ( ,ditt5b]g] 7,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxv1 #ahgg1 p4 #db1 nos4 #di-ej71 dates ! two victories lat]1 9 ,ols4 787 #bjj1 #bjc 7 #ba & #cc ,a4 ,d472 nos4 #fad & #fai4 #cgg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbe1 #bbh1 #bbi-cj1 #bca1 #bcb4 #cgh ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bdj-a4 #cgi ,furtwa5gl]1 l4 c41 p4 #cj2 ,reis*1 p4 #cg2 ,r\se1 p4 #afg2 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #fbd4 ,aga9/ ! view t victor /atues 7 fir/ call$ votive 9 ,roman days1 see ,purgold1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 p4 #hi1 on no4 #cij 7 inscription ( ,glaukon ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agh2 h[ev]1 he 0 a victor 9 *>iot-rac+74 #chj ,e4 g41 by ,s*]]1 p4 #e2 ,kuhn]t1 ,jahrb4 fu] cl4 ,phil41 ,supplbd41 ,,xiv1 #ahhe1 p4 #beg1 n4 #g2 ,flas*1 9 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #ajif2 cf4 ,ditt5b]g]-,purgold1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bdj2 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 pp4 #fbc-d4 #cha ,e4 g41 ,ziemann1 de ,ana!matis ,graecis1 #ahhe1 p4 #ed4 #chb ,h]mes1 ,,xiii1 #ahgh1 p4 #dcg1 n4 #b4 #chc ,pp4 #ce f42 foll[$ by ,m4 ,k4 ,wel%1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #aijd-e1 pp4 #cc-d4 #chd ,e4 g41 ,py?okles1 :o won ! p5ta?lon 9 ,ol4 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c471 does n m5tion 8 conte/ on ! base 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-c71 nor does ,pausanias give x 7,,vi1 #g4aj72 we le>n x only f ! ,oxy4 ,pap43 see ,rob]t ,o4 ,s41 p4 #ahe2 ,hyde1 #gj2 ,fo]/]1 #bie4 #che ,on p4 #cf1 n4 #a1 he po9ts out t at ,a!ns ! usual d$ication =mula 0 omitt$2 e4 g41 9 ! inscription ( ! ,i/hmian victor ,diophanes1 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #acja1 & 9 t ( a ,pana!naic victor1 ibid41 #acjb4 ,! pres5ce ( ! ^w 9 an ,a!nian inscription ref]r+ to ! ,olympic victor ,kallias re/s on an unc]ta9 re/oration2 ibid41 ,i1 #dai2 he won ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh4 #chf ,pp4 #afg f4 #chg ,bo? ,reis*1 p4 #cf1 & ,ditt5b]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bdj1 agree also 9 oppos+ ,furtwa5gl]'s ,v]sno? explanation4 #chh ,?us ,pausanias m5tions ! 8*>iot1 horses1 *>iote] & ,kyniska h]self03 ,,vi1 #a4f4 ,aga9 he speaks ( ! 8*>iot & /atue ( ,gelo03 ,,vi1 #i4d-e2 9 ref]r+ to ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es by ,hageladas he says3 8,along ) ! /atue ( ! *>iot & horses1 he ,kleo/h5es d$icat$ /atues ( himself & ! *>iote]10 & ev5 adds ! names ( ! horses3 ,,vi1 #aj4f4 ,9 ,,vi1 #ah4a1 he m5tions ! gr\p ( ,krati/h5es z 8! *>iot1 ,nike m\nt+ x1 & ,krati/h5es02 9 ,,vi1 #af4f he speaks ( 8a small *>iot & figure ( ! fa!r ( ,polypei!s1 ! wre/l] ,kalliteles02 etc4 ,cf4 ,ditt5b]g]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bci-dj4 #chi ,he won 9 ,ol4 #bee 7 #bda ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #gci3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bda4 #cij ,no d$ication1 h[ev]1 is inscrib$ on x3 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #afj2 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 on no4 #aaja1 p4 #ahj4 #cia ,*ionis1 a fam\s runn] f ,sp>ta1 _h a tablet1 :i* li/$ 8 victories1 set up beside 8 /atue at ,olympia3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4b2 he won 9 ,ols4 #bh-ca 7 #ffh-fef ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aaa2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-df4 ,8 /atue 0 erect$ long aft] 8 dea?1 9 ,ol4 #gg or #gh1 & s probably ! /ele also3 ,hyde1 p4 #dh4 ,de9o/h5es1 :o won ! /ade-race 9 ,ol4 #aaf 7 #caf ,b4 ,c471 _h a slab set up beside 8 /atue at ,olympia1 on :i* 0 inscrib$ ! di/ance betwe5 x & a simil> "o 9 ,sp>ta3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4h2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #afc2 ,fo]/]1 #djc4 #cib ,he won ! *>iot-race 9 ,ol4 #cc 7 #fdh ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #ea4 #cic ,p41 ,,vi1 #ai4b2 on ! mi/ake ( ,pausanias1 see ,flas*1 9 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #aajd ,b4 #cid ,or41 ,,xxxi1 #eif ,r 7 #cbh ,m74 #cie ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ag4 #cif ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #bc-d4 ,! subject ( portrait honor>y /atues at ,a!ns has be5 treat$ by ,l4 ,b4 ,/5ess51 de ,hi/oria v>iisque ,g5]ibus /atu>um iconic>um apud ,a!ni5ses1 ,*ri/iania1 #ahgg2 = all ,greece by ,m4 ,k4 ,wel%1 ,honor>y ,/atues 9 ,anci5t ,greece1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #aijd-e1 pp4 #cb-di4 #cig ,see li/ 9 ,hyde1 ,index on p4 ,v4 #cih ,k+ ,hi]o ( ,syracuse _h five3 ,hyde1 #adg a 7 ?ree7 & #aje;a 7 two72 ,antigonos ,monoph?almos _h ?ree3 ,hyde1 #ajc d1 #adg f1 #aea b4 #cii ,ar*idamas ,,iii1 son ( ,agesilaos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4i2 ,hyde1 #db a2 ,,vi1 #ae4g2 ,hyde1 #adg c2 ,areus1 son ( ,akrotatos1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4e2 ,hyde1 #aje b2 ,,vi1 #ae4i2 ,hyde1 #adh a3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #cjh4 #djj ,demetrios ,poliorketes1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4g2 ,hyde1 #adg e2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #cjd2 ,,vi1 #af4c2 ,hyde1 #aeb b4 #dja ,pyrrhos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4i2 ,hyde1 #abh a4 #djb ,hi]o ,,ii3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4b f4 7two /atues set up by 8 sons3 ,hyde1 #aje a72 ,,vi1 #ae4f 7?ree /atues1 "o set up by sons1 two by fell[-citiz5s3 ,hyde1 #adg a74 #djc ,philip ,,ii1 son ( ,amyntas2 ,alex&] ! ,great2 ,seleukos ,nikator1 son ( ,antio*os2 ,antigonos1 son ( ,philip1 surnam$ ,monoph?almos2 ^! f\r pr9ces _h /atues toge!r3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4a2 ,hyde1 #ajc a1 b1 c1 d4 ,antigonos _h also o!r /atues 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,altis3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4g2 ,hyde1 #adg f2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #cje2 ,,vi1 #af4b2 ,hyde1 #aea b4 ,antigonos ,doson & ,philip ,,iii _h /atues toge!r3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4c2 ,hyde1 #aeb a4 ,! ,syrian k+ ,seleukos ,nikator _h ano!r /atue at ,olympia3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4b2 ,hyde1 #aea c4 ,?ree ( ! ,egyptian dyna/y _h /atues3 ,ptolemy ,lagi1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4aj2 ,hyde1 #adi a2 ,philadelphus1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4c2 ,hyde1 #agc a2 & ano!r ^: "n is unc]ta91 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4i2 ,hyde1 #aff a4 #djd ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4h2 ,hyde1 #da b4 #dje ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4g2 ,hyde1 #ahd a2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bic4 #djf ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4g2 ,hyde1 #adg d4 #djg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4i-aj2 ,hyde1 #abh b4 #djh ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4aa ,hyde1 #abh c 9 ,ol4 787 #abg 7 #bgb ,b4 ,c47 #dji ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab2 ,hyde1 #acd a2 erect$ betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ajc & #aae 7 #cfh & #cbj ,b4 ,c474 #daj ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4e2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bgf1 #bgg2 ,hyde1 #aed a4 #daa ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4i-aj4 #dab ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4g2 ,hyde1 #adg b4 #dac ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4b2 ,hyde1 #adc a4 #dad ,,vi1 #ab4e4 ,! date ( 8 victory is unkn[n1 b fell probably 9 ,ol4 #acd or #ace 7 #bdd or #bdj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aje c & pp4 #dd-e2 ,fo]/]1 #dfc4 #dae ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ii & #ajb 7 #chd & #cgb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4b-c2 ,hyde1 #bc & pp4 #cj-a2 ,fo]/]1 #cce4 #daf ,on ! anci5t cu/om ( c>ry+ (f votive (f]+s & images f vanqui%$ foes1 see ,p41 ,,viii1 #df4b-d4 ,he %[s t ,augu/us only foll[$ a long-e/abli%$ prec$5t4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #cf1 9 speak+ ( ! great numb] ( /atues plund]$ f ,greece by ,mummius & ! ,luculli1 quotes ,g4 ,lic9ius ,mucianus 7?ree times consul71 :o di$ be=e #gg ,b4 ,c41 to ! effect t #gc1jjj /atues 7 /ill to be se5 at ,rhodes 9 8 "t1 & t supposably z _m m 7 yet to be f\nd 9 ,a!ns1 ,olympia1 & ,delphi4 #dag ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 description ( ,elis 7,v1 #a4b71 ,pausanias says t #bag ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! re/oration ( ,cor9?4 ,z t ev5t fell 9 #dd ,b4 ,c41 he 0 writ+ 8 fif? book 9 #agd ,a4 ,d41 i4 e41 9 ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,) ?is date o!r *ronological ref]5ces 9 8 "w agree4 ,t ! fif? book 0 writt5 be=e ! six? is d$uc$ f a comp>ison ( ,v1 #ad4f ) ,,vi1 #bb4h f4 ,?\gh ! six? book1 !re=e1 c n h be5 compos$ e>li] ?an #agd ,a4 ,d41 x may1 ( c\rse1 h be5 writt5 mu* lat]4 ,on ! dates ( ! v>i\s books1 see ,fraz]1 ,i1 pp4 xv f4 ,on ! great importance ( ,pausanias = ! :ole hi/ory ( ,greek art1 see ,c4 ,rob]t1 ,pausanias als ,s*rift/ell]1 #aiji1 p4 #a4 #dah ,hi/oria naturalis1 ,bks4 ,,xxxiv-,,xxxvi 7ed4 ,jex-,blake74 #dai ,?is process has nev] be5 c>ri$ fur!r nor ) great] insight ?an 9 ,furtwa5gl]'s great "w1 ,mei/]w]ke d] grie*4 ,pla/ik1 #ahic4 #dbj ,9 8 ,h&bu* d] ,ar*aeologie d] ,kun/1 #c;d ed41 #ahdh1 by ,f4 ,g4 ,welck]1 p4 #gdj4 #dba ,*apt] ,,vii1 infra1 pp4 #cba f4 #dbb ,cf4 ,furtwa5gl]-,urli*s1 ,d5kmael] grie*4 und roem4 ,skulptur 7,h&ausgabe#c71 #aiaa1 p4 #aja4 #dbc ,pro4 ,imag41 #aa1 pp4 #dij f43 444 ' 1 4 4 42 ,s*]]1 pp4 #aj f42 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 p4 #bej4 #dbd ,,vi1 #e4a4 ,on ! /atue1 see ,e4 ,preun]1 ,e9 delphis*es ,weihges*5ck1 p4 #bf2 = ! recov]$ sculptur$ base1 see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #bji f42 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lv4 #a-c4 ,polydamas won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c471 b 8 /atue 0 set up long aft]1 9 ! "t ( ,lysippos3 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #dg2 ,fo]/]1 #bgi4 #dbe ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adf2 cf4 ,s*]]1 pp4 #aj-aa4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh4 #dbf ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aei 7r5ew$72 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #hf4 ,eukles won 9 ,ols4 787 #ij-ic1 7 #dbj-djh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b2 ,hyde1 #eb2 ,fo]/]1 #big4 #dbg ,! lo/ "w ( ,ari/otle is m5tion$ by ,diog5es ,la]tios1 ,v1 #bf4 ,= ! s*olia/1 see ,boeckh1 p4 #aeh2 & ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #ahc 7 ,ari/otle1 fragm4 #bfd71 ,,iv41 p4 #cjg 7 ,apollas1 fragm4 #g74 #dbh ,pollux1 ,onoma/ikon1 ,,ii1 #aeh1 says t ! cubit 77 conta9s #bd or #f 2 x 0 !re=e #ah4be in*es & ! f+] #j4g in* long4 ,! ,solonian cubit ( #ddd mm4 gives #ag4ec in*es1 ! f+] 4#gc in*1 :i* makes ,diagoros' /atue #f feet #a4ge in*es tall4,?\gh ! cubit 0 lat] l5g!n$ to ab\t #b feet1 ! old size 0 reta9$ = measur+ wood & /one3 cf4 ,boeckh1 ,metrologis*e ,unt]su*ung51 #ahch1 p4 #bab4 #dbi ,s*]]1 p4 #aa1 gave its height z #f feet & #e in*es4 #dcj ,diagoras won 9 ,ol4 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a2 ,hyde1 #ei2 ,fo]/]1 #bbj2 cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aea 7r5ew$72 ,damagetos 9 ,ols4 #hb-c 7 #deb-ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a2 ,hyde1 #fb2 ,fo]/]1 #bec2 cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aeb4 #dca ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afe 7r5ew$72 he won ,ol4 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4f2 ,hyde1 #aae2 ,fo]/]1 #cgf4 #dcb ,e4 g41 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #adg-h1 ,tellon1 :o won ! boys' box+ mat* 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,hyde1 #ajb2 ,fo]/]1 #bcg2 ibid41 #aee 7r5ew$71 ,hellanikos1 boy box]1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #hi 7 #dbd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4h2 ,hyde1 #fe2 ,fo]/]1 #bfc2 ibid41 #aeh1 box] ,damox5idas1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ie & #ajj 7 #djj & #chj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4c2 ,hyde1 #ed2 ,fo]/]1 #cai2 ibid41 #afd1 ,x5okles1 boy wre/l]1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #id & #ajj 7 #djd & #chj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4b2 ,hyde1 #he2 ,fo]/]1 #cjh2 ibid41 #agg1 ,telema*os1 *>iot victor "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #acj 7 #cbj & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aa2 ,hyde1 #abb2 ,fo]/]1 #eac4 #dcc ,e4 g41 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahb1 ,?rasonides1 :o won 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #dcd ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bdf1 fig4 #ii2 ,mw41 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #fi4 ,see p4 #aee4 #dce ,see ,*apt] ,,vi41 infra1 p4 #bie4 #dcf ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #dcg ,supra1 p4 #bh & n4 #a2 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #baf f42 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #b-d2 cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahij1 pp4 #adg f42 cf4 infra1 ,*4 ,,vii1 pp4 #cbd-e1 c4 d4 e4 #dch ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #bi f2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #a-d1 #i-aj2 cf4 infra1 pp4 #afb-c4 #dci ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bcd-e2 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #aj-ab2 cf4 infra1 p4 #cbb & notes #a-g4 #ddj ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #aj-aa2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b1 #b;a2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #cbc2 etc4 #dda ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 p4 #ab2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iv1 #e1 #e;a2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbe4 #ddb ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5kmael]1 p4 #ajd4 ,on nudity & a?letics1 see ! article by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,die ,b$eutung d] ,gymna/ik 9 d] grie*4 ,kun/1 9 ,saemann's ,monats*r4 fu] pa$agog4 ,re=m41 #aije2 ,w4 ,muell]1 ,nack!it und ,entbloessung 9 d] alt-ori5t4 und aelt]5 grie*4 ,kun/1 ,diss4 inaug41 ,leipsic1 #aijf4 #ddc ,! box] ,euryalos 8fir/ put a c9cture 77 ab\t him10 9 8 b\t ) ,epeios3 ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fhc4 ,see also ,,xxiii1 #gaj2 ,od41 ,,xviii1 #fg & #gf4 #ddd ,e4 g41 wre/l]s on a black-figur$ amphora 9 ! ,vatican3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 p4 #bhh1 fig4 #bd2 box]s1 runn]s1 & a jump] on a b4-f4 /amnos 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale at ,p>is 7no4 #beb73 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dah1 fig4 #adb1 f de ,ridd]1 ,cat4 des vases pe9ts1 ,i1 p4 #afj4 #dde ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ah4 #ddf ,ph41 #ag4 ,?is mantle 0 call$ --! 8worn10 h5ce 0 ?9 & co>se2 ,h]mann-,bluemn]1 ,grie*4 ,privatalt41 p4 #age2 etc4 #ddg ,p41 ,i1 #dd4a2 ,eu/a?41 on ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fhc1 p4 #acbd1 #ab f4 ,dionys4 ,hal41 ,antiq4 ,rom41 ,,vii1 #gb1 says t x 0 ! ,sp>tan ,akan?os1 :o won 9 a runn+ race1 i4 e41 1 9 ,ol4 #af2 s also ,afr42 see ,p41 ,v1 #h4f2 ,fo]/]1 #ag4 ,orsippos won ! /ade-race 9 ,ol4 #ae3 ,afr42 ,eu/a?41 l4 c42 ,dionys41 l4 c4 ,fo]/]1 #af4 ,b ,didymos1 s*ol4 on ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fhc1 says t ,orsippos won 9 ,ol4 #cb 7 #feb ,b4 ,c472 simil>ly ,etym4 magn41 p4 #bdb1 s4 v4 2 h[ev]1 ,boeckh1 ,kle9e ,s*rift51 ,,iv1 p4 #agc1 has %[n t ,ol4 #ae is "r4 ,isidoros1 9 a confus$ passage1 ,orig41 ,,xviii1 #ag4b1 says t a?letes 7 e>ly gird$ & dropp$ ! lo9-clo? 9 consequ5ce ( a runn] gett+ we>y1 :5ce a decree ( ! "t ( ! ar*on ,hippom5es at ,a!ns 7,ol4 #ad4b7 all[$ a?letes to cont5d nude2 ! same /ory is told 9 ! ,s*ol4 ,v5et4 on ! ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fhc2 see ,fo]/]1 #af4 #ddh ,a4 ,g41 ,app4 #bgb2 ,c\gny1 ,an?4 ,pal41 #ahij1 ,,iii 7,app4 nov471 p4 #d1 no4 #bd2 ,p41 ,i1 #dd4a1 says t 8 tomb 0 ne> t ( ,koroibos4 #ddi ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #ajej 7) ,boeckh's comm5t>y on ! lo9-clo?72 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 #eb2 ,kaibel1 ,epigr4 ,gr41 ex lapid4 conl41 #ahgh1 no4 #hdc2 ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 p4 #ech4 ,! s*ol4 on ,?ukyd41 ,i1 #f1 quotes f\r l9es ( x4 ,! "n 0 spell$ ,orrippos 9 ! ,meg>ian dialect4 #dej ,ph41 #ag4 ,! /ory is told also by ,p41 ,v1 #f4g-h4 ,peisirhodos won 9 ,ol4 787 #hh 7 #dbh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4b2 ,hyde1 #fc2 ,fo]/]1 #cad4 ,?is br+s ! *ange ne> ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,= ! spell+ ( ! "n ( ! victor1 see ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 #dea ,i4 #f4 ,"h ! hi/orian is speak+ ( a?letes 9 g5]al2 ,dionysios1 ,,vii1 #gb & ,p41 ,i1 #dd4a1 speak only ( runn]s4 ,s*]]1 p4 #bj1 n4 #a 7foll[+ ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #dje & #eja1 n4 #ah7 ?\ght t ! words ( ,?ukydides 7 7 ref]r$ to ! "t ant$at+ ,ol4 #ae1 & n lat]1 & conclud$ t 9 wre/l+ 7introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #ah #gjh ,b4 ,c47 & box+ 7introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #bc #fhh ,b4 ,c47 ! conte/ants 7 always nude4 ,boeckh1 h[ev]1 rightly conclud$ t ! hi/orian meant t 9 ,ol4 #ae only ! runn]s laid (f ! lo9-clo?1 :ile o!r a?letes did s j be=e 8 day3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 p4 #eed4 #deb ,de ,rep41 #deb ,d4 ,he says t ! cu/om ( nudity 0 introduc$ fir/ by ! ,cretans & !n by ! ,sp>tans4 #dec ,?us von ,ma* says 7p4 #bdj73 8,!y 7 d$icatory /atues repres5t+ ev5ts t _h tak5 place 9 honor ( ! gods10 & adds t on su* occasions p]sons 7 drap$1 except :]e su* drap]y w\ld cause inconv5i5ce1 i4 e41 9 gymna/ic conte/s4 #ded ,see ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfe1 fig4 #agb4 #dee ,e4 g41 ! /atue 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 no4 #igc 7fig4 #bi1 p4 #eeg1 re/or$72 ,guide1 #eig 7fig4 #bh72 ,j\b91 p4 #acd1 fig4 #dj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ecf4f2 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,xvi1 #ahhh1 ,pls4 ,,xv1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b1 7two views7 & ,,xviii 7re/or$71 pp4 #cce-cfe 7,g4 ,ghir>d9i74 #def ,pollux1 ,,iii1 #aee1 wrongly /ates t runn]s wore s(t lea!rn boots 772 ^! nev] appe> on vases1 z ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #cfb & n4 #e1 & ,g>d9]1 p4 #bgc1 po9t out1 & 7 ! usual footwe> ( mess5g]s4 ,cf4 ,muell]1 ,ar*4 d4 ,kun/1 #cfc1 #f4 #deg ,at ,ephesos 9 ,?ukydides' day3 ,,iii1 #ajd2 e>li] on ,delos3 ,?ukyd41 ibid41 & ,hom]ic ,hymn to ! ,delian ,apollo1 #adf f4 ,maid5s & y\?s wre/l$ 9 ! gymnasia on ,*ios3 ,a!nu1 ,,xiii1 #bj 7p4 #eff e472 cf4 ,boeckh1 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 text to no4 #bbad4 #deh ,on a?letic conte/s = wom5 9 ,sp>ta1 see ,plut>*1 ,lyk\rgos1 #ad2 ,x541 de ,rep4 lac41 ,i1 #d4 ,ari/oph41 ,lysi/r41 #hj f41 says t ! beauty & color ( ! ,lakonian woman ,lampito came f gymna/ic ex]cises4 #dei ,p41 ,v1 #f4g4 ,he says t ^? :o broke ! ,elean rule 7 ?r[n f ,m\nt ,typaion 7a rock s\? ( ! riv]74 ,_! exclusion 0 d\btless due to a religi\s taboo & n to mode/y2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dg4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #bj4i1 says t ! re/riction did n include maid5s4 ,z !re is no o!r ref]5ce ab\t unm>ri$ girls at ,olympia1 x is probable t girls 7 n admitt$2 cf4 ,krause1 ,olympia1 p4 #ed & n4 #i4 #dfj ,e4 g41 ,kyniska1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4f1 & o!r ,sp>tan victresses1 ,,iii1 #h4a2 ,euryleonis1 :o won 9 a two-horse *>iot-race 9 ,ol4 787 #ajc 7 #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,iii1 #ag4f2 ,fo]/]1 #cdd2 ,beli/i*e1 mi/ress ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 0 ! fir/ to w9 9 ,ol4 #abi 7 #bfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,v1 #h4aa2 ,fo]/]1 #ddc2 ,!odota1 daught] ( ! ,elean ,antiphanes1 won 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bjc2 ,fo]/]1 #edg4 #dfa ,p41 ,,vi1 #bj4i4 ,! inscrib$ m>ble base ( a /atue ( "o ( ^! prie/esses has be5 f\nd at ,olympia3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #dhe4 #dfb ,see ,p41 ,v1 #f4g-h4 #dfc ,h[ev]1 we d n "k if !y 7 held 9 ! same ye> z t ( ! ,olympic fe/ival1 or at :at "t ( ! ye>4 ,see ,l4 ,w5ig]1 ,klio1 ,beitraege zur alt5 ,ges*i*te1 ,v1 #aije1 pp4 #bb f4 #dfd ,p41 ,v1 #afb-d4 ,^! 7 probably iconic 7portrait7 pa9t+s4 ,holes h be5 f\nd on columns ( ! ,h]aion to :i* !y may h be5 atta*$4 ,on ! girls' race1 see ,b4 ,b41 text to no4 #eba 7,arndt74 #dfe ,x is a m>ble copy ( an orig9al bronze :i* is g5]ally dat$ ab\t #dgj ,b4 ,c41 because ( ar*aic rem9isc5ces 9 ! head4 ,x repres5ts a girl ( ab\t #ad ye>s4 ,see ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #cfd2 ,guide1 #cgh1 & ref]5ces2 ,f4 ,w41 #bac2 ,bulle1 pp4 #cjd f4 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #dge1 ref]s x to ! s*ool ( ,pasiteles4 ,x is pictur$ 9 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #eba2 ,bulle1 #adb2 ,baum41 ,,iii1 p4 #baaa1 fig4 #bcfb2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bbd1 fig4 #dab2 von ,ma*1 #gc2 ,amelung1 ,museums ( ,rome1 ,i1 fig4 #gd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebg4f2 ,cl>ac1 ,pl4 #hfd1 #baii4 ,a simil> /atue is ! torso 9 ,b]l93 ,bes*r4 d] ,skulpt41 no4 #bbi2 & cf4 ,kekul1 ,annali1 ,,xxxvi1 #ahfe1 p4 #ff 7:o po9ts out ! resemblance ( ! head ( ! ,vatican /atue to t ( ! figure by ,/ephanos1 ,pl4 #ab72 ,cl>ac1 ,pl4 #hfd1 #bbjj4 ,! height ( ! ,vatican /atue is giv5 by ,bulle z #a4ef met]s4 ,cf4 also a /atuette ( a simil> girl runn] f ,dodona3 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ag1 #c4 #dff ,h[ev]1 ,b4 ,s*ro$] believes t x is m]ely a victori\s danseuse1 & gives sev]al examples ( danc]s f vase-pa9t+s & ! less] arts3 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xxiv1 #aiji1 pp4 #aji ff4 7figs4 #a-c74 ,9 all ( ^! lively motion is express$ & ! free foot is rais$ high f ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! curi\s little plat "u ! /atue's "r foot 7p]haps int5d$ to repres5t ! />t+-/one at ! /adion7 is remov$1 ! position ( ! /atue does n fit ! dance2 see ,bulle1 p4 #cjd1 = discussion ( ?is />t+-/one4 #dfg ,,viii1 #dh4b2 cf4 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,viii1 #d1 ,i1 7p4 #ihb74 #dfh ,bulle comp>es x ) ! ,tueb+5 hoplite-runn] 7,fig4 #db7 ready to />t1 ?\gh ! quiet] pose ( ! ,vatican /atue befits a girl r ?an ! impetu\s en]gy ( ! man4 #dfi ,on ! 1 see ,p41 ,,iii1 #ac4g2 ,hesy*ios1 s4 v42 cf4 ,!okr41 ,,xviii1 #bb2 ,plut41 ,lycurgus1 #ad2 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 s4 v4 agones1 ,i1 p4 #hdg2 ,reis*1 p4 #df1 n4 #d4 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 s4 v4 7,,iii1 #b1 p4 #bcad7 %[s t ! use ( ! *iton clos$ on "o side 0 a ,dorian1 & especially a ,sp>tan1 cu/om4 #dgj ,on ! runn+ race at ,kyr5e1 cf4 ,boeckh1 ,explic4 ad ,p9d41 ,py?41 ,,ix1 p4 #cbh4 ,plato1 9 8 de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcc1 ,d1 ,e1 orda9$ = girls ! ?ree runn+ races 71 1 & 72 ! y\nge/ girls %\ld run nude1 ! o!rs 7f #ac to #ah7 suitably dress$4 #dga ,suet41 ,domitian1 #d2 ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lxvii1 #h4 #dgb ,arndt believes x is ,myronian 9 "*3 ,b4 ,b41 text to #eba4 #dgc ,see ,wald/e91 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 pp4 #agj f4 ,on ! /yle ( we>+ ! hair 9 ,greece1 see ! foll[+ works3 ,k4 ,o4 ,muell]1 ,h&bu* d4 ,ar*aeol4 d4 ,kun/#c1 pp4 #dgd f2 ,bluemn]1 ,leb5 u4 ,sitt5 d] ,grie*51 ,i1 pp4 #gf f42 ,home ,life ( ! ,anci5t ,greeks 7transl4 ( prec$+1 by ,a4 ,zimm]n71 #ahic1 pp4 #fd f2 ,d>4-,sagl41 s4 v4 coma 7,potti]71 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #acee f42 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vii1 #b1 pp4 #baji ff4 7,brem]72 ,baum41 ,i1 pp4 #fae f2 ,guhl-,kon]-,engelmann1 ,das ,leb5 d4 ,gr4 u4 ,roem4#f1 #ahic1 pp4 #big f2 ,amelung1 ,gew&ung d4 ,gr4 u4 ,roem41 #aijc2 ,helbig1 ,atti della ,r4 ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 ,s]4 ,,iii1 vol4 ,v41 pp4 #a f4 7= ! ,hom]ic age74 #dgd ,cf4 ! recurr+ epi!t ( ,hom]1 2 ,helbig1 ,das hom]is*e ,epos#b1 p4 #bcf1 n4 #c2 = examples ( long hair 9 ! epic1 ibid41 pp4 #bcf f4 ,t ! ,hom]ic hair fell free ov] ! %\ld]s & n 9 any conv5tional ord] has be5 prov$ aga9/ ,helbig by ,h4 ,h(mann1 ,jb4 f4 cl4 ,philol41 ,supplbd41 ,,xxvi1 #aijj1 pp4 #ahb f4 #dge ,eurip41 ,bac*ae1 #dee2 ,ari/otle1 de ,physiogn41 #c1 p4 #ch2 pseudo-,phokylides1 #bab4 #dgf ,ari/oph41 ,equit41 #ehj & cf4 #aaba2 ,nubes1 #ad2 ,lysi/rata1 #efa2 etc4 #dgg ,od41 ,,iv1 #aih2 ,euripides1 ,alke/is1 #hah-ai2 ,ari/oph41 ,plut41 #egb2 ,plato1 ,pha$o1 #hi ,c2 ,a!nu1 ,,xv1 #af 7p4 #fge a72 ,hdt41 ,i1 #hb2 etc4 #dgh ,ari/oph41 ,aves1 #iaa4 #dgi ,ph41 ,imag41 ,,ii1 #cb2 ,lucian1 ,dial4 m]etr41 ,v1 #c 7p4 #bij72 etc4 #dhj ,x541 de ,rep4 lac41 ,*4 ,,xi1 #c2 cf4 ,plut41 ,apo!gm4 reg4 et imp]at41 p4 #ged2 & see ,ari/otle1 ,rhet41 ,i1 #i1 p4 #acig a1 #bh2 ,plut41 ,lys&ros1 ,i2 ,lyk\rgos1 #bb2 etc4 #dha ,hdt41 ,,vii1 #bjh4 #dhb ,ari/oph41 ,aves1 #abha-b3 ,lysias1 ,,xvi1 #ah2 ,lucian1 ,auctio vit>um1 #b 7,py?agoreans74 #dhc ,pollux1 ,,vi1 #c4bb2 ,,viii1 #i4ajg2 ,a!nu1 ,,xi1 #hh 7p4 #did f473 ,hesy*ios1 s4 v4 & 2 ,photius1 ,lex41 p4 #cba4 #dhd ,ais*yl41 ,*oeph41 #f2 ,p41 ,i1 #cg4c2 at ,delphi1 ,dio ,*rys41 ,or41 ,,xxxv1 p4 #fg ,r4 #dhe ,eurip41 ,bac*ae1 #dee4 #dhf & are etymologically ! same ^w3 see ,prellwitz1 ,etymolog4 ,wo]t]bu* d4 grie*4 ,spra*e4 ,x us$ to be assum$ t ref]r$ to ! simil> coiffure ( "y girls4 ,on ! 1 see ! foll[+3 ,k4 ,o4 ,muell]1 op4 cit4#c1 p4 #dgf1 #e2 id41 ,die ,dori]1 ,,ii1 #bff2 ,conze1 ,nuove memorie dell' in/ituto ar*eol41 pp4 #djh f42 ,helbig1 ,comm5t4 philolog4 9 honorem ,momms5i1 #ahgg1 pp4 #faf f41 & ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xxxiv1 #ahgi1 pp4 #dhd f42 ,s*reib]1 ,d] altattis*e ,krobylos1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,viii1 #ahhc1 pp4 #bdf-bgc1 & ,pls4 ,,xi41 ,,xii42 id41 ,,ix1 #ahhd1 pp4 #bcb-bed & ,pls4 ,,ix1 ,x2 & aft] him1 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #fdd1 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cfc1 & de ,villefosse1 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,i1 #ahid1 p4 #fb2 ,kle91 ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,kun/1 ,i1 p4 #bee2 ,/udniczka1 ,krobylos und ,tettiges1 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #bdh-bia4 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 l4 c41 pp4 #babj f42 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #aceg-ei & #aega2 etc4 ,t ! t]m repres5t$ a way ( we>+ ! hair & n a "p ( ! hair has be5 prov$ by ,haus]3 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 #aijf1 ,beiblatt1 pp4 #hg f4 ,on o!r me?ods ( dress+ ! hair1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 l4 c41 pp4 #baab f4 #dhg ,ap4 ,a!n41 ,,xii1 #cj 7p4 #ebe74 #dhh ,ibid41 #e 7p4 #eab c74 #dhi ,i1 #f2 cf4 ,ari/ophanes1 ,nubes1 #ihd & s*ol42 ,equit41 #acca4 #dij ,see fragm4 ( ,nikolaos ( ,damascus1 7p]haps f ! ,lydiaka ( ,xan?os71 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #cie1 fragm4 #fb4 #dia ,see ,krause1 p4 #eda1 n4 #f4 #dib ,see ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 #c b2 etc4 #dic ,see h]o reliefs 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahgg1 ,pls4 ,,xx-,,xxv4 ,on e>ly ,cor9?ian vases1 m5 are repres5t$ regul>ly ) long hair4 #did ,e4 g41 on ! bu/ ( ,apollo 9 ! ,glypto!k1 ,muni*3 von ,ma*1 #ddi 7left72 on ! be>d$ man 7,dionysos87 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 id41 #dej 7"r72 & on ! ,apollo ( ,naples3 id41 #ddh3 ,on ! latt] head ! n>r[ b& ( ! =m] two examples has become v broad4 #die ,cf4 ,wald/e91 op4 cit41 p4 #agg4 #dif ,mw41 pp4 #fg 7on /atues ( ,zeus1 hair rea*+ ! %\ld]s1 a /yle lat] becom+ typical ( t god72 p4 #djg 7! ,argive s*ool gave %ort hair to heads ( ,zeus72 ,mp41 pp4 #db & #aah2 cf4 ,mw41 p4 #bgc4 #dig ,mw41 p4 #bdi4 ,furtwa5gl] gives an example ( a %ort-hair$ ,apollo ( ! s*ool ( ,euphranor1 ibid41 p4 #eij4 #dih ,mp41 p4 #af4 ,e4 g41 ! ,flor5t9e gem3 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,antike ,gemm51 #aijj1 ,pl4 ,,xxxix1 no4 #bi4 #dii ,pp4 #ddd f4 #ejj ,a good example ( ?is is se5 on ! ,apollo ( ,t5ea 7,pl4 #h ,a74 #eja ,bulle1 ,pl4 #bbe4 ,he dates x 9 ! middle ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #ejb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #af 7,jex-,blake's transl47 ,! ,lat9 ( ! la/ portion ( ?is passage runs3 ,olympiae1 ubi omnium qui viciss5t /atuas dic>i mos erat1 eorum v]o qui t] ibi sup]aviss5t ex membris ipsorum similitud9e expressa1 quas iconicas vocant4 #ejc ,hirt1 ,ueb] das ,bildniss d] ,alt51 #ahad-ae1 p4 #g2 ,visconti1 ,iconographie grecque 7#a/ ed4 ,p>is #ahjh1 ,milan1 #ahbd-bf71 ,disc\rs prelim41 p4 ,,viii1 n4 #d4 ,!y argu$ f ,lucian's pro ,imag41 #aa1 a passage already discuss$ supra1 p4 #de & n4 #c4 #ejd ,s*]]1 pp4 #i f41 & especially p4 #ac2 ,less+1 ,laokon1 ,,ii1 #ac1 made ,pl9y's words a text = a fam\s passage4 #eje ,= ! late/ discussion ( ,pl9y's passage1 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bcf & #bie-f 7! latt] 9 ref]5ce to ! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ,x5ombrotos to be discuss$ a few l9es infra74 #ejf ,kle91 quot$ by ,jex-,blake1 p4 #ad1 footnote to l9e #g1 believes ,pl9y's /atem5t apocryphal1 an idea escap+ all s*ol>s except1 p]haps1 ,bluemn] 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,laokon 7p4 #ejc74 ,evid5tly ,pl9y1 or 8 s\rce1 is expla9+ ! discrepancy betwe5 ideal & portrait /atues z ! result ( an improbable rule1 s9ce ! anci5ts appli$ little hi/orical criticism to art1 & h5ce did n di/+ui% betwe5 works repres5t+ types & ^? repres5t+ individuals4 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 9 8 treatise 7,orat41 ,,xxi1 #a1 p4 #eja ,r71 tries to expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 e>ly & late /atues on ! gr\nd ( physical deg5]ation 9 ! latt]4 #ejg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol1 #agj4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab2 ,hyde1 #acc2 ,fo]/]1 #cbg4 ,?is date foll[s ! reason+ ( ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #ahj f4 ,pausanias1 l4 c41 m5tions ano!r monum5t ( ! victor1 ! inscrib$ base ( :i* has be5 f\nd3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aed1 ?\gh ,ditt5b]g] wrongly ref]s x to ,damasippos3 ,fo]/]1 #hab2 ,hyde1 pp4 #ec-d4 ,! same au?ority ref]s no4 #agj to ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or a c\ple ( decades lat]1 because ( ! lett]+ & or?ography4 ,! monum5t ( no4 #agj mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 set up long aft] ! victory--ab\t a c5tury lat]4 #ejh ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bif1 comp>es two o!r inscriptions ) no4 #agj1 viz1 no4 #agd 79 :i* ! words occur7 & ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 ,i1 #bdgj1 l4 #c 7:]e ! words occur74 ,h[ev]1 z he says1 ^! two ref] to ! poses ( ! /atues ( gymnic victors & n to portraits4 ,pausanias frequ5tly uses ! ^w = 7e4 g41 ,,iii1 #ah4g7 ( a victor1 b ?is seems to be no indication ( a portrait /atue4 #eji ,cf4 ,ditt5b]g]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bif4 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ecj1 ?9k ! case ( ,x5ombrotos may simply be exceptional4 #eaj ,,vi1 #c4aa-ab2 he 0 ?ree times victor 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 787 #ie1 787 #ig1 & #ii 7 #djj1 #cib1 #chd ,b4 ,c472 ! latt] date is atte/$ by ,afr43 ,hyde1 #cc2 ,fo]/]1 #cjg1 #cae1 #caf4 ,= ! epigram on ! base ( "o ( ^! /atues1 see ,a4 ,g41 ,,xiii1 #ae4 #eaa ,,vi1 #d4a2 he 0 ?ree times victor 9 ! pankration 9 ,ols4 #ajd1 787 #aje1 787 #ajf 7 #cfd-cef ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #cg2 ,fo]/]1 #cdi1 #cec1 #cei4 #eab ,,vi1 #ag4b2 he 0 ?rice victor 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #abi1 #acj 7 #bfd1 #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #agc2 ,fo]/]1 #ddj-b1 #ddd-e4 #eac ,,vi1 #ae4i2 he 0 f\r times victor 9 ! pankration1 once 9 hoplite runn+1 & once 9 ! 1 at unkn[n dates3 ,hyde1 #adi2 ,fo]/]1 #gfg-gb4 ,we c n say t 8 victories fell at a date :5 iconic /atues 7 9 vogue4 #ead ,,vi1 #f4f2 he won 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf1 #gg 7 #dhd1 #dgf-b ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #add4 #eae ,e4 g41 ,,vi1 #ac4c-d & #h3 ,h]mog5es1 five times victor 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #bae1 #baf1 #bag 7 #ha-hi ,a4 ,d473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa;a2 ,fo]/]1 #fed-f1 #fei-ffj1 #ffb-d2 ,polites1 ?ree times victor 9 runn+ races 9 ,ol4 #bab 7 #fi ,a4 ,d473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa;b2 ,fo]/]1 #fdh-ej2 ,leonidas1 f\r times victor 9 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #aed1 #aee1 #aef1 #aeg 7 #afd-aeb ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa;c2 ,fo]/]1 #die-g1 #dih-ejj1 #ejb-d1 #ejg-i2 ,tis&ros1 f\r times victor 9 box+ 9 ,ols4 787 #fj-c 7 #edj-ebh ,b4 ,c471 at a date too e>ly = portraiture3 ,hyde1 #aai;a2 ,fo]/]1 #aae1 #aai1 #abc1 #abd4 ,!re are o!r examples f ! e>ly fif? & ! six? c5turies ,b4 ,c4 #eaf ,pr9c4 ,gr4 ,art1 ,*4 ,,xi 7,portrait ,sculpture71 pp4 #afe f4 #eag ,g>dn]1 p4 #afe1 cites ,b]n\illi1 ,grie*4 ,ikonogr41 #aija1 z li/+ #bf kn[n portraits ( ,euripides & #cb ( ,demo/h5es1 & calls att5tion to ! fact t #hgj plates 9 ! ,bruckmann s]ies1 ,grie*4 und ,roem4 ,portraets 7ed4 ,brunn und ,arndt71 f #ahia on1 are ( ,roman portraits4 ,on ! subject ( ,grco-,roman portraits1 see also ,b]n\illi1 ,roem4 ,ikonogr41 #ahhb-id2 ,hekl]1 ,greek & ,roman ,portraits1 #aiab2 & ! works ( ,e4 ,q4 ,visconti1 n[ antiquat$3 ,iconogr4 gr4 7,p>is1 #ahjh7 & ,iconogr4 romana 7,milan1 #ahah74 #eah ,,xxxiv1 #gd4 ,pausanias m5tions a portrait ( ,p]ikles )\t nam+ ! arti/1 ,i1 #be4a2 cf4 ,i4 #bh4b4 ,! inscrib$ base 0 f\nd 9 ,a!ns 9 #ahhh3 1 #ahhi1 pp4 #cf f4 7,loll+74 ,a t]m9al portrait ( ,p]ikles1 extant 9 sev]al copies1 has be5 id5tifi$ z a copy ( ?is "w1 e4 g41 "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #edi2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,vii1 opp4 p4 #aah 7pr(ile1 fig1 #df1 p4 #aai72 ,hekl]1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 #d a42 ,f4 ,w41 #dha4 ,ano!r replica is 9 ! ,vatican3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #bgf1 & ,na*traege1 ,,ii1 p4 #dga2 ,visconti1 ,iconogr4 gr41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xv2 ,b4 ,b41 #aef2 ,hekl]1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 #d b4 ,h[ev]1 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 p4 #cjg1 ad loc4 ,paus41 ?9k t ! ^w us$ by ,pausanias c n apply to a t]m9al bu/2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #aag1 n4 #d1 says t ! ^w does n necess>ily mean a :ole /atue4 ,cf4 ,b]n\illi1 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #ajg f42 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #aag f4 #eai ,see ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #fb1 #fc4 #ebj ,philopseudes1 #ah f4 #eba 1 #ah4 #ebb ,a good example ( a ,roman copy 7f ! age ( ,hadrian7 ( an orig9al iconic a?lete /atue 9 bronze f ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 is a be>d$ head 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti2 its swoll5 e>s & ! deep furr[ 9 ! hair = ! metal cr[n %[ t x is f ! /atue ( a victor4 ,see ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #dhc1 no4 #beg & ,tafelbd41 ,i1 ,pl4 #ej2 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,gr4 und ,roem4 ,portr41 ,pls4 #bbc-d4 #ebc ,,xxxv1 #aec4 ,jex-,blake1 p4 #agf1 ju/ly rem>ks t ?is inv5tion _h no?+ to d ) ! cu/om ( tak+ dea?-masks4 #ebd ,x541 ,symp41 ,,iv1 #ag3 4 4 42 cf4 ,ari/oph41 ,vesp41 #edd1 & ,a!n41 ,,xiii1 #bj 7p4 #efe7 & s*olion4 #ebe ,,xiii1 #ij 7p4 #fji e1 f72 "h he quotes a hi/ory ( ,arkadia by ,nikias4 #ebf ,a!n41 ,,xiii1 #bj 7pp4 #efe f & #eff a72 cf41 ,!ophr41 apud ,a!n41 ,,xiii1 #ij 7pp4 #fji f1 #faj a74 #ebg ,a!n41 ,,xiii1 #ij 7p4 #faj;a73 "h ,a!nu is also quot+ ,!ophra/os4 ,9 ,,xiii1 #bj 7p4 #efe71 he quotes ,h]akleides ,lembos z say+ t 9 ,sp>ta ! h&some/ man & woman 7 especially honor$4 #ebh ,hdt41 ,v1 #dg2 ,eu/a?4 ad ,iliad1 ,,iii1 p4 #chc1 #dc2 ,fo]/]1 #ach4 #ebi ,p41 ,,ix1 #bb4a4 #ecj ,p41 ,,vii1 #bd4d2 cf41 ,,viii1 #dg4c1 = a simil> cu/om at ,tegea4 #eca ,see ,o4 ,muell]1 ,die ,dori]#a1 #ahbd1 ,,ii1 p4 #bch 7quot$ by ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #cg1 n4 #ai74 ,= ref]5ces to conte/s ( beauty 9 ,greece1 see ibid41 pp4 #cc-ch4 #ecb ,on ?is subject1 see ! rec5t essay by ,w4 ,h4 ,goodye>1 ,less+'s ,essay on ! ,laocon & its ,influ5ce on ! ,criticism ( ,art & ,lit]ature1 ,brooklyn ,museum ,qu>t]ly1 ,oct4 #aiag1 pp4 #bbh-i4 #ecc ,?us we h ,polykleitos ( ,argos & ,patrokles1 p]haps 8 bro!r2 ,naukydes ( ,argos & ,daidalos ( ,sikyon1 sons ( ,patrokles2 ! y\ng] ,polykleitos--:o call$ himself an ,argive--! bro!r ( ,naukydes2 ,alypos ( ,sikyon1 ! pupil ( ,naukydes2 etc4 ,/atues by all ^! sculptors except ,patrokles are kn[n to h /ood 9 ,olympia4 #ecd ,hbk4#b1 p4 #bed4 #ece ,8 criticism ( pa9t+ occurs 9 ,poet41 #addh;a1 #e1 #adej;a1 #bf1 & ,polit41 ,v1 #acdj;a1 #ce4 ,9 ,e?41 ,,vi1 #aada;a1 #aj1 he says t ,pheidias & ,polykleitos 7 ma/]s 9 m>ble & bronze respectively4 ,= a discussion ( ,ari/otle's /hetics ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 see ,m4 ,c>roll1 9 ,publ4 ( ,geo4 ,wa%+ton ,univ]sity1 ,philol4 & ,lit4 ,s]ies1 ,i1 #a 7,nov41 #aije71 pp4 #a-aj2 & = bo? ,ari/otle & ,plato on art1 see ,kalkman1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahij 7,proport4 des ,gesi*ts71 pp4 #c f4 & notes4 #ecf ,i1 #e1 #acfa;b2 ,oppian1 ,kyneget41 ,i1 #hi-ij1 speaks ( ! simil>ly well-develop$ bodies ( hunt]s4 #ecg ,mem41 ,,iii1 #aj4f-h4 ,= 8 visit to ! pa9t] ,p>rhasios1 see ibid41 #aj4a-e4 #ech ,foll[+ ! sugge/ion ( ,kle91 ,,ii1 p4 #adc1 & ,w4 ,l4 ,we/]mann1 ,class4 ,rev41 ,,xix1 #aije1 pp4 #cbc-e4 ,! latt] gives sev]al examples ( simil>ly %ort5$ =ms ( names & believes ! passage 9 ,x5ophon emphasizes ! fact t ,polykleitos 0 employ$ at ,a!ns4 ,plato frequ5tly m5tions ,polykleitos by 8 full "n3 e4 g41 ,protag41 #cbh ,c 7sons ( ,polykleitos71 #caa ,c 7,polykleitos & ,pheidias74 ,p4 ,g>dn] ju/ly obs]ves t ! /atues ( ,polykleitos 8h[ev] beautiful1 are sc>cely life-l30 ,pr9ce4 ,gk4 ,art41 p4 #ae1 n4 #a2 ,gramm>1 p4 #ag4 #eci ,,ii1 #ag3 1 1 4 4 4 #edj ,see s*ol4 on ,plato1 ,amatores1 p4 #ace ,e2 cf4 ,epiktetos1 ,en*eir41 ,*4 #bi4 #eda ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4e2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ig2 ,fo]/]1 #bdj2 cf4 ,krause1 ,olympia1 pp4 #cjb f4 #edb ,8 date is unc]ta93 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4i2 ,hyde1 #adi2 ,fo]/]1 #gfg-ggb4 #edc ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4b2 he won at ,olympia "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ii & #ajb 7 #chd & #cgb ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #bc2 ,fo]/]1 #cce4 #edd ,p41 ,i1 #bi4e3 ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ib2 ,,ix1 #ge2 cf4 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #die-f4 #ede ,e4 g41 ,phallos ( ,kroton 0 fam$ = 8 fleetness1 8 jump+1 & 8 ?r[+ ! diskos4 ,see ,ari/oph41 ,a*>n41 #bab2 ,vespes1 #abjf2 ,a4 ,g41 ,app4 #big2 cf4 ,hdt41 ,,viii1 #dg2 ,p41 ,x1 #i4b4 ,he won at ,delphi only4 #edf ,e4 g41 ,myron at ,delphi3 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eg2 ,alkam5es1 ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #gb2 etc4 #edg #fef ,e1 #feg ,a4 #edh ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxvi1 #ci4 ,^! works 7 probably critical z well z descriptive4 #edi ,e4 g41 ( ,pasiteles1 ,,xxxvi1 #ci2 ( ,arkesilaos1 ,,xxxvi1 #da2 ( ,koponios1 ibid4 #eej #ah7gj74 ,9 ?is passage he also gives simil> judgm5ts on sev]al pa9t]s4 ,on ,cic]o on art1 see ,grant ,%[]man1 ,proce$4 ,am]4 ,philol4 ,ass'n1 ,,xxxiv1 #aijc1 pp4 xxxv f4 ,he %[s t ,cic]o's ref]5ces to art proce$ f 8 in/9ct z a /yli/ & n f any en?usiasm = art itself4 #eea ,imag41 #f1 p4 #dfd4 ,8 eclectic /atue is made up ( works by ,praxiteles1 ,alkam5es1 ,pheidias1 & ,kalamis4 #eeb ,rhetorum praeceptor1 #i-aj4 ,he spells ! two fir/ names 1 4 #eec ,,xxxvi1 #cg4 ,= c>eful judgm5ts ( ,pl9y's "w1 see ,jex-,blake1 pp4 xci f43 ,kalkmann1 ,die ,quell5 d] ,kun/ges*i*te des ,pl9ius1 #ahih2 ,rob]t1 ,ar*aeologis*e ,ma]*51 #ahhf1 pp4 #bh f42 ,f4 ,mu5z]1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxx1 #ahie1 pp4 #dii f4 7& ,beitraege zur ,kritik d] ,naturges*4 des ,pl9ius1 #ahig72 ,bots=d & ,sihl]1 ,hell5ic ,civilization1 #aiae1 pp4 #eea-h 7 ,translation by ,jex-,blake ( ,pl9y1 ,,xxxiv1 #ec-hd sculptors1 revis$ by ,e4 ,g4 ,sihl]72 pp4 #eeh-efg 7 ,pl9y1 ,,xxxv1 #ae1 & #ec-ig pa9t]s1 revis$ by ,e4 ,g4 ,s474 ,= %ort e/imate ( ,pl9y's "w1 see ,mackail1 ,lat9 ,lit]atures1 #ahie1 p4 #aig4 #eed ,see 8 *>act]ization ( ! great ,greek pa9t]s & sculptors 9 ,in/4 ,orat41 ,,xii1 ,*4 #i4 #eee ,also 9 ! "w ( ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones1 ,select ,passages f ,anc4 ,writ]s ,illu/rative ( ! ,hi/4 ( ,gk4 ,sculpt41 #ahie2 cf41 ,a hi/ory ( classical writ]s on art f ,x5okrates to ,pl9y1 9 ,jex-,blake1 pp4 xvi-xci2 cf4 ,wilam[itz-,moell5dorf1 ,antigonos von ,k>y/os 7,kiessl+ & ,wilam[itz1 ,philolog4 ,unt]su*ung51 ,,iv1 #ahha71 pp4 #g f42 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,pr9ciples ( ,greek ,art1 ,*4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ac f4 7,anci5t ,critics on ,art72 etc4 #eef ,a4 ,pl41 #b2 ,b]gk1 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii#d1 no4 #adi1 p4 #dih4 ,!ognetos won 9 ,ol4 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,hyde1 #hc2 ,fo]/]1 #aic & #aic ,n4 #eeg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hh4 ,kallias won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #adf4 #eeh ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #ga4 #eei ,kalamis made ! horses & jockeys1 ,onatas ! *>iot3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a2 ,hi]o won twice 9 ! horse-race & once 9 ! *>iot-race 9 ,ols4 #gf-gh 7 #dgf-dfh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #aje2 ,fo]/]1 #aii1 #bji1 #bae4 #efj ,,vi1 #f4f4 ,he won 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf-g 7 #dhd1 #dgf-dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg4 #efa ,,vi1 #d4d4 ,he won 9 ,ols4 #ha & #hb 7 #def-deb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ch2 ,fo]/]1 #bjb1 #bjc4 #efb ,,vi1 #i4c4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #hh3 ,fo]/]1 #bhe4 #efc ,v1 #bg4c4 #efd ,bulle1 p4 #ajd1 rem>ks t up to ! pres5t no s+le ,roman copy c be prov$ to be t ( an ,olympic victor /atue4 ,?is fact mu/ be con/antly borne 9 m9d4 #efe ,no4 #fdci2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #bii-cjj & fig42 ,ausgr4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 ,pls4 ,,xxi1 ,,xxii1 & p4 #ad2 ,funde v4 ,ol41 ,pl4 ,,xxiii1 & p4 #af2 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #aj-aa2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b & #b;a2 ,boetti*]1 ,olympia1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 #a2 ,baum41 p4 #aajd #jj1 figs4 #abif1 a & b2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #cbc2 ,bulle1 #bce & fig4 #aed1 on p4 #eja2 von ,ma*1 #dhb2 ,b4 ,b41 #bdg4 #eff ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypto!k1#b #aiaj1 no4 #deg1 pp4 #cih f42 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bia2 ,mw41 p4 #ejg2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #baf2 ,b4 ,b41 #h2 ,bulle1 #bjg 7front & side72 ,kekul1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xli1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xiv1 #c1 p4 #bdf2 ,h4 ,s*rad]1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 #aiaa1 p4 #gd2 ,haus]1 ,r4 ,m41 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #ajc f4 ,kekul1 because ( its simil>ity to ! ,apollo ( ! ,we/ ,gable1 d]iv$ x f ! art ( ! ,olympia p$im5t sculptures2 ,flas*1 ,v]h4 d4 #bi/5 ,philolog5v]samml41 ,innsbruck1 #ahgd1 p4 #afb1 & ,brunn1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt4#e1 no4 #cjb1 & ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahib1 p4 #feh1 class$ x z ,polykleitan2 ,bulle calls x ,attic-,argive )\t ,polykleitan influ5ce1 :ile ,furtwa5gl] f9ds x ,polykleitan-,attic4 ,! latt] gives sev]al replicas1 two ( gre5 & black basalt respectively1 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 & a m>ble head 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti1 no4 #dge4 ,bulle gives ! height ( ! ,muni* head z #j4bc met]4 #efg 2 cf4 decor1 appli$ to ! "w ( ,polykleitos by ,qu9tilian3 ,in/4 ,orat41 ,,xii1 #i4 #g-h2 cf4 also ,vitruvius1 de ,ar*41 ,i1 #b4 #efh ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km4 d4 gr4 und roem4 ,skulpt41 ,hdausgabe1#c #aiaa1 p4 #ajb1 n4 #a4 ,he adds t x is das ,ideal von ,re9heit1 ,uns*uld1 lieb5swu]dig edl] ,groesse1 e9es d] h]rli*/5 grie*is*5 ,orig9ale1 die uns erhalt5 s9d4 ,x is photograph$ ibid41 figs4 #cj1 #ca4 ,9 ! ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41 p4 #cii1 he says x is das edel/e und voll5det/e ,w]k1 das die ,glypto!k besitzt--ihr ko/b>/] ,s*atz1 etc4 #efi ,=m]ly 9 ! ,coll4 ,tyszkiewicz3 ,b4 ,b41 #cbd1 7two views72 ,bulle1 #bjf 7two views72 von ,ma*1 #dha 7two views72 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,i1 #ahid1 pp4 #gg f4 7,e4 ,mi*on7 & ,pls4 ,x1 ,,xi2 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 ,pl4 #gb & p4 #eh2 ,kalkmann1 ,prop4 d4 ,gesi*ts1 p4 #bg 7vignette72 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 ,frontispiece & p4 #afi2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xl2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bij-a & ,pl4 ,,xiv2 ,mw41 p4 #ejg4 ,! be/ illu/ration ( ! head is giv5 by de ,ridd]1 ,les ,bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #aiac1 ,pl4 ,i 7& text p4 #h1 on no4 #d74 ,x is #j4cc met] 9 height 7,bulle74 #egj ,preface to ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 xiii4 #ega ,s ,furtw41 l4 c42 ,bulle1 h[ev]1 sees 9 x only ,attic "w & f9ds x slightly co>s] & h>d] ?an ! ,muni* head describ$4 #egb ,inv5t4 #efcc2 ,bronzi d',ercol41 ,i1 #gc1 #gd2 ,d4 ,comp>etti e ,g4 de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #ahhc1 ,,xi1 #a2 ,b4 ,b41 #cbc 7two views72 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #fg2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bia2 ,mw41 p4 #ejh2 ! latt] believes t x1 l ! prec$+ two heads1 is ,polykleitan & ,attic4 #egc ,b$eutung d] ,gymna/ik 9 d4 gr4 ,kun/1 #aije2 cf4 also ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 p4 #bc1 & ,hbk41 p4 #bae4 #egd ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5kmael]1 already cit$1 p4 #fc1 n4 #c4 7,translat$ "u ! title ,greek & ,roman ,sculpture by ,h4 ,taylor1 #aiad2 p4 #aai47 #ege ,see ,f4 ,w4 ,g4 ,foat1 ,an?ropometry ( ,greek ,/atues1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxv1 #aiae1 pp4 #bbe f4 7p4 #bbf74 #egf ,plato1 ,phileb41 #fd ,e1 reg>d$ & z qualities ( beauty & virtue2 cf4 ,ari/otle1 ,metaphys41 ,x1 #c4g1 & ,nicom4 ,e?41 ,v1 #e4ad1 #aacc;b4 ,vitruvius1 de ,ar*41 ,i1 #b1 makes symmetry 9 ar*itecture a quality ( eury?mia3 ,item symmetria e/ ex ipsius op]is membris conv5i5s cons5sus ex p>tibusque sep>atis ad univ]sae figurae speciem ratae p>tis responsus4 #egg ,i1 #b3 ,haec eury?mia efficitur1 cum membra op]is conv5i5tia sunt1 altitud9is ad latitud9em1 latitud9is ad longitud9em1 et ad summam omnia respond5t suae symmetriae2 cf4 ,,iii1 #a2 ,lucian1 pro ,imag41 #ad 7 72 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,pa$agog41 #c4aa & #fd 7 72 ,x541 ,mem41 ,,iii1 #aj4i 71 ( corselets72 ,plut41 de ,educ4 pu]41 #aa 7 72 ,diod41 ,i1 #ig4 #f 7 1 i4 e41 rhy?mic ord] or grace 9 /atu>y73 id41 ,,ii1 #ef4d4 #egh ,vitruv41 ,,iii1 #a3 proportio1 quae graece dicitur4 ,proportio e/ ratae p>tis membrorum 9 omni op]e totiusque commodulatio1 ex qua ratio efficitur symmetri>um4 #egi ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #ehj ,op4 cit41 e4 g4 ,op4 cit41 ,,xxxv1 #fg & #abh4 #eha ,ueb] die ,kun/urteile bei ,pl9ius1 ,b]4 ueb] d4 ,v]h&l4 d4 k4 sae*s4 ,ges4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,leipzig1 ,,ii1 #ahej1 p4 #aca2 cf4 ,h4 ,l4 ,urli*s1 ,ueb] grie*4 ,kun/s*rift/ell] 7,diss4 inaug41 ,wu]zburg1 #ahhg74 #ehb ,pr9ciples ( ,greek ,art1 #aiad1 p4 #bj 7 ,gramm> ( ,greek ,art1 #aije1 p4 #bb74 #ehc ,quot$ by ,g>dn]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bb 7 ,gramm>1 p4 #bc71 f two pap]s by ,h4 ,brunn1 ,ueb] tektonis*5 ,/yl 9 d] grie*4 ,pla/ik und ,mal]ei1 9 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahhc1 pp4 #bii f41 #ahhd1 pp4 #ejg f4 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #bff-bgg1 expla9s rhy?m 9 art z ! ,ordnung d] ,bewegung1 9 accordance ) ! def9ition ( ,plato3 3 de ,leg41 #ffe ,a4 #ehd ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eh 7,s4 ,q41 #ecc73 ,num]osior 9 arte quam ,polyclitus et 9 symmetria dilig5tior4 ,! int]pretation ( ?is disput$ passage dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! mean+ ( num]osior1 & :e!r we accept ! curi\s /atem5t ( ! manuscript t ,myron surpass$ ,poykleitos 9 symmetry1 or1 by omitt+ ! et 7) ,sillig71 make x mean j ! contr>y & 9 h>mony ) ! usual anci5t view t symmetry 0 ! sali5t *>act]i/ic ( ,polykleitan art4 ,! passage1 !n1 w\ld contra/ ! symmetry ( ,polykleitos ) ! v>iety ( ,myron4 ,?is accords ) ,pl9y's use ( num]osus else:]e 7e4 g41 ,,xxxv1 #acj & #ach71 :i* always ref]s to numb]4 ,see ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bge 7note74 #ehe ,op4 cit41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe1 he says3 ,nova intactaque ratione quadratas vet]um /aturas p]mut&o4 #ehf ,op4 cit41 ,,xxxv1 #fg4 #ehg ,,viii4 ,i4 #dg4 #ehh ,! ,egyptians divid$ ! front view ( ! body into #ai p>ts 7or #ba p>ts & a qu>t]1 includ+ ! height ( ! head-dress73 ,diod41 #a1 #ih4 ,see ,lepsius1 ,monum4 funraires de l'gypte 7figure1 reproduc$ 9 ,d>4-,sagl1 ,i1 #b1 p4 #hib1 fig4 #aabe72 cf4 8 ,descript4 de l'gypte1 ,,iv1 ,,lxii2 ,wilk9son1 ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 p4 #aac1 ,pl4 ,,iv2 ^! ref]5ces are giv5 by ,foat1 op4 cit41 p4 #bbe1 n4 #a4 #ehi ,vitruv41 ,i1 #b4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?us foll[+ ! /atem5t ( ! ,roman ar*itect1 x mu/ be said t ! attempt to recov] & e/abli% su* a canon 9 ,greek ar*itecture is /ill unprov$4 ,! subject is complicat$ & has l$ to v diff]5t views4 ,?us1 :ile _m s*ol>s h def5d$ ! !ory ( ! canon 7e4 g41 ,p5ne?orne1 ,geom4 & ,optics ( ,anc4 ,ar*41 #ahgh2 ,p5rose1 9 ,:ibley1 ,comp4 to ,gk4 ,/ud4#a1 #aije1 pp4 #bbj-a2 ,f]guson1 ,hi/4 ,ar*41 ed4 #ahhg1 ,i1 p4 #bea2 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,pr9c4 ,gk4 ,art41 p4 #ba2 ,/a?am1 ,%ort ,crit4 ,hi/4 ,ar*41 #aiab1 p4 #acj71 o!rs are oppos$1 & believe t design 9 ,greek ar*itecture 0 a matt] ( feel+1 & t ! ord]s 7 fir/ r$uc$ to =mul 9 ,roman days 7e4 g41 ,a4 ,k4 ,port]1 ,m$4 ,ar*41 #aiji1 ,i1 #i2 ,goodye>1 ,greek ,ref9em5ts1 ,/udies 9 ,temp]am5tal ,ar*41 #aiab1 esp4 p4 #hc1 quot+ ,joseph ,h(f] f ,wi5] ,bauzeitung1 #ahch74 ,see on ! subject a rec5t article by my pupil1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,b>k]1 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiah1 pp4 #a f41 9 :i* ! above & o!r ref]5ces are giv54 #eij ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #bb-c1 says3 8,p>adoxical z x may seem at fir/ sight1 ! v fre$om ( ,greek sculpture is to a great ext5t due to its close adh]5ce to tradition40 ,he %[s h[ ! free play ( imag9ation dep5ds on ext]nal conditions & tradition4 #eia ,e4 g41 ,vitruv41 ,i1 #b2 especially ^! words3 ,ut 9 hom9is corpore e cubito1 p$e1 palmo1 digito1 cet]isque p>ticulis 7p>tibus7 symmetria e/ eury?miae qualitas2 also ,,iii1 #a3 ,pes v]o altitud9is corporis sextae p>tis2 cubitum qu>tae2 pectus item qu>tae1 etc4 ,also ,philo/r41 ,imag41 ,proem42 ! ?ird-c5tury ,a4 ,d4 787 treatise call$ de ,physiognomia2 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 de ,civ4 ,dei1 ,,xv1 #bf4 #a2 ! poet ,m>tianus ,capella1 ( ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,a4 ,d41 :o says1 ,,vii1 #gci3 septem corporis p>tes hom9em p]ficiunt2 etc4 #eib ,die ,proportion5 des ,gesi*ts 9 d] grie*is*5 ,kun/ 7 #ec/es ,b]l9] ,w9cklemanns programm1 #ahic74 #eic ,ge/alt des ,m5s*51 9 ,v]h4 d4 ,b]l4 ,an?rop4 ,gesell41 #ahie4 ,?is "w is bas$ on ! old] inve/igations ( ,c4 ,s*midt1 ,proportionss*luessel1 #ahdi1 & ( ,c4 ,c>us1 ,die ,proportionslehre d] m5s*li*5 ,ge/alt1 #ahgd4 ,see also ,p4 ,ri*]1 ,canon des proportions du corps huma91 #ahic2 ,e4 ,duh\sset1 ,proportions arti/iques et an?ropomtrie sci5tifique1 ,gaz4 ,b-,a41 ,,iii1 ,pr4 #c1 #a #ij1 pp4 #ei f42 ,e4 ,guillaume1 art4 ,canon1 ,dict4 de l',acad4 des ,b-,a42 ,e4 ,gebh>d1 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #hia-hib2 cf4 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #dij f4 #eid ,f4 ,w4 ,g4 ,foat1 op4 cit41 (f]s a s*eme or typical design1 bas$ on wide data1 :i* w s]ve z a univ]sal basis = secur+ facts ab\t any /atue "u exam9ation4 #eie ,on ! influ5ce ( su* canons ( proportion on contempor>y arti/s1 see ,balc>res1 ,evolution ( ,italian ,sculpture1 p4 #abh4 #eif ,cf4 ,vitruvius1 quot$ above4 ,! s*olion on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vii1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #aeh1 speaks ( z ! height ( ! /atue ( ,diagoras at ,olympia1 etc4 #eig ,vitruvius1 de ,ar*41 ,,vii1 ,praef41 #ad1 li/s writ]s :o praecepta symmetri>um conscrips]unt4 ,see ,v4 ,mortet1 ,rev4 ,ar*41 ,sr4 ,,iv1 ,,xiii1 #aiji1 pp4 #df f1 & figs4 #a & #b4 ,9 ?is discussion ( anci5t canons he %[s t ! *ief ratio 0 t ( ! head to ! height ( ! body2 ! proportion ( #h heads to ! body 0 t adopt$ by da ,v9ci & ,j4 ,c\s93 #g to #h is f\nd 9 ! figures ( ! ,p>!non frieze2 a little "u #g 9 ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos4 #eih ,see ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #di-eb4 ,z examples1 he gives ! /atue ( ,apollo f ! ,tib] n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me3 ,mp41 pp4 #ej-ea1 figs4 #h & #i2 cf4 ,r4 ,m41 #ahia1 pp4 #cjb1 #cgg & ,pls4 ,x-,,xii2 ! ,mantuan ,apollo3 cf4 #ej/es ,b]l9] ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #aci1 n4 #fa 7= replicas72 etc4 #eii ,= ,polykleitos' canon1 see ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee2 ,s4 ,q41 #iec f42 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bdi4 #fjj ,s ,pl9y1 op4 cit41 ,,xxxv1 #abh2 cf4 ,j4 ,six1 ,jb41 ,,xxiv1 #aiji1 pp4 #g f4 #fja ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fa2 see ,jex-,blake1 p4 ,,xlviii4 #fjb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #fjc ,h[ev]1 o!r f\r?-c5tury arti/s1 notably ,praxiteles1 us$ impressionism 9 ! treatm5t ( ! hair3 see ,bulle1 pp4 #ddd f4 #fjd ,9 ,,xxxiv1 #hj1 he m5tions ,m5ai*mos1 :o wrote on ! toreutic art probably 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 9 ,,xxxiv1 #hc 7cf4 ,,xxxv1 #fh71 he m5tions ,x5okrates1 ( ! s*ool ( ,lysippos1 :o wrote books on art2 he is probably id5tical ) an arti/ ( ! same "n kn[n to u f inscriptions f ,oropos & ,elateia3 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ace1 a1 b 7,oropos71 c 7,elateia72 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahib1 #eb 7,oropos72 ! id5tity is d\bt$ by ,jex-,blake1 p4 xx1 n4 #b4 ,9 ,,xxxiv1 #hd 7cf4 ,,xxxv1 #fh7 he speaks ( ,antigonos1 :o wrote on pa9t+ & :o 0 employ$ by ,attalos ,i ( ,p]gamon to "w on ! trophies ( 8 victory ov] ! ,gauls4 ,= ,antigonos z a writ] on ! criticism ( art1 see ,wilam[itz-,moell5dorf1 ,antigonos von ,k>y/os 7,kiessl+ & ,wilam[itz1 ,philolog4 ,unt]su*ung51 ,,iv1 #ahha71 ,*4 ,i1 pp4 #g f4 #fje ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee4 ,accord+ to ! exact words ( ,pl9y1 ! ,canon & ! ,doryphoros 7 di/9ct works4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ,pl9y's words conceal ! same /atue "u two names1 8 comm5t>y on ea* com+ f a diff]5t s\rce3 see ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bbi & n4 #d2 ,mw41 p4 #dbb & n4 #b2 cf4 ,mu5z]1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxx1 #ahie1 p4 #ecj1 n4 #a4 #fjf ,cic]o1 ,brut41 #hf1 #bif4 ,on ! fame ( ! ,doryphoros1 see id41 ,orator1 #b4 #fjg ,in/it4 ,orat41 ,v1 #ab4ba4 ,9 ,philon's treatise 1 ,,iv1 #b1 we read3 1 sc4 1 78,beauty10 he said1 80 produc$ f a small unit ?r\gh a long *a9 ( numb]s071 a description :i* rightly *>act]izes ! ,doryphoros4 ,! sy/em giv5 by ,vitruv41 ,,iii1 #a1 h>dly agrees ) ,polykleitan /atues & s has be5 connect$ by ,kalkmann1 ?\gh on insuffici5t gr\nds1 ) ! canon ( ,euphranor3 see #ej/es ,b]l9 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahij 7,proport4 des ,gesi*ts71 pp4 #dc f42 cf4 ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones1 op4 cit41 p4 #abi4 #fjh ,guida ,museo ,napoli1 no4 #adf2 ,collignon1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xii1 opp4 p4 #dhh2 ,bulle1 #dg & analysis on pp4 #ig-ajb4 #fji ,kalkmann1 op4 cit41 p4 #ec1 gives ! height z #a4ih-a4ii m42 ,bulle1 p4 #ig to no4 #dg1 z #a4ii m4 #faj ,9 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,text to ,pl4 #bi2 reproduc$ 9 tudes d'art antique et mod]ne1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cii f42 cf4 also ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #dib f4 & ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,pr9ciples ( ,greek ,art1 pp4 #ba f4 #faa ,de plac4 ,hipp4 et ,plat41 #e4 #fab ,b4 ,b41 #cba2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #ief2 ,guide1 #fag2 ,f4 ,w41 #bae2 to be discuss$ infra1 pp4 #bja-b4 #fac ,orat41 ,,xxxi1 #hi f4 7#fad ,r74 #fad ,9 ! pres5t discussion we %all conf9e ourselves to ! assimilation ( mortal types to ^? ( a?letic gods & h]oes1 omitt+ ! l>g] "q ( assimilation to div9e types 9 g5]al4 ,a good example ( ! latt] is af=d$ by ,p4 ,,viii1 #i4g-h4 ,"h1 9 not+ t ! ,mant9eans wor%ipp$ ,ant9oos z a god by ! erection ( a temple & ! celebration ( my/]ies & games1 he says t images & pa9t+s ( ! h]o 7 9 ! ,gymnasion !re1 ! latt] 4 #fae ,kabbadias1 no4 #bah2 ,rev4 ,ar*41 ,,iii 7#a;er ,sr471 #ahdf1 ,pl4 #ec1 fig4 #b2 ,ph4 ,le ,bas1 ,voyage ar*ologique 7ed4 ,re9a*71 ,pl4 ,,cxviii1 p4 #ajg2 ,b4 ,b41 #ah2 von ,ma*1 #aia2 ,f4 ,w41 #abbj2 ,re9a*41 ,rp41 ,,ii1 i1 #adi1 #aj4 #faf ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #di4 #fag ,kabbadias1 no4 #bai4 #fah ,=m]ly kn[n z ! ,ant9\s3 ,m4 ,w41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #bh1 #cjg2 ,cl>ac1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 #ffe1 #aead2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #cfg1b 7) re/or$ arms72 von ,ma*1 no4 #aib2 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 no4 #ec 7pp4 #acb f47 & ,pl4 #ab2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #abah2 ,baum41 ,i1 pp4 #fge f4 & fig4 #gcg4 #fai ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #aeii & ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,cl>ac1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 #ffd1 #aeci2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 i1 #adi1 #a2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cag1 fig4 #efg4 ,a correspond+ replica f ,melos is describ$ by ,f4 ,w41 #abai2 = a replica ( ! head 7on a torso :i* does n belong to x7 9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo ( ! ,vatican1 see ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 no4 #acb 7p4 #aee7 & ,pl4 #ba2 = o!rs1 see ,ko]te1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #ih f4 ,! height is giv5 9 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt4 z #f ft4 #g-a_/b 94 7)\t ! pl9?74 #fbj ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 p4 #fef & ,pl4 #fa2 ,furtw41 ,mw41 p4 #cfa1 fig4 #dh4 ,x is a m>ble copy ( an orig9al bronze ( ,myronian orig94 ,its height is #a4ih met]s 7,amelung74 #fba ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #daf2 ,m4 ,w41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #cj1 #cbi4 #fbb ,ibid41 no4 #daf2 ,ko]te1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 p4 #cej1 no4 #gb4 #fbc ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #hgf2 ,cl>ac1 #ieh1 #bdgc2 ,conze1 9 ,a4 ,a41 #ahfg1 pp4 #aje-f4 ,"h ,conze gives a li/ ( :i* ?ree reliefs & "o /atue repres5t dead m5 z ,h]mes4 #fbd ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #df2 ,conze1 l4 c41 p4 #ajf 7m5tion$ 9 prec$+ note74 #fbe ,e4 g41 ! well-kn[n bu/ ( ! emp]or ,commodus ) ! attributes ( ,h]cules 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #icj2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #cih1 fig4 #dcb2 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,grie*4 u4 roem4 ,portraets1 #bcj2 ,hekl]1 ,greek & ,roman ,portraits1 #aiab1 ,pl4 #bgj a2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ehc1 #g4 #fbf ,n4 ,scav41 #ahhe1 p4 #db2 ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 ,i1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,v2 ,bulle1 #ge & fig4 #bg1 p4 #ada2 ,b4 ,b41 #bdf2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii41 #acdg1 & ref]5ces2 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,grie*4 u4 roem4 ,portraets1 ,pls4 #ceh-cfj2 ,hekl]1 ,greek & ,roman ,portraits1 ,pls4 #hb-d2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #dic1 fig4 #beg2 ,murray1 ,hbk4 ,gr4 ,ar*ol41 #ahib1 pp4 #cje f41 fig4 #ajj2 ,lanciani1 ,ru9s & ,excavations ( ,anc4 ,rome1 #ahig1 ,pl4 on p4 #cjc2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edh1 #g2 cf4 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #cfd1 n4 #b1 & ,mw41 p4 #eig1 n4 #c4 ,! height ( ! /atue is #b4jh met]s1 or #b4cg met]s to ! h& 7,bulle74 #fbg ,e4 g41 ,philip ,v1 ,p]seus1 ,alex&] ,balas 7:o usurp$ ! ,seleucid ?rone 9 #adi ,b4 ,c471 ,demetrios ,i 7,sot]71 ( ,syria 7:o reign$ #afb-aej ,b4 ,c471 & ,antio*os ,,ii1 7,!os1 :o reign$ #bfa-bdf ,b4 ,c471 h be5 sugge/$4 #fbh ,see ,imho(-,blum]1 ,portraetkoepfe auf ant4 ,mu5z5 hell5is*] und hell5isi]t] ,voelk]1 #ahhe1 ,pls4 ,i1 #f2 ,,iii1 #bd2 ,v1 #ba2 ,,vi1 #bi & #ca4 #fbi ,a small replica ( ?is fam\s /atue may probably be se5 9 ! bronze /atuette 9 ! ,nelid(f collection3 ,wulff1 ,alex&] mit d] ,lanze1 #ahih1 ,pls4 ,i1 ,,ii2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 p4 #acd1 fig4 #ce4 ,on suppos$ replicas1 see ,b]n\illi1 ,das ,bildniss ,alex4 d4 ,gr41 p4 #ajg2 & ,?4 ,s*reib]1 ,/udi5 ueb] das ,bildniss ,alex4 d4 ,gr41 ,abh4 d4 philolog4-hi/or4 ,cl4 d4 k4 sae*s4 ,gesells*4 d4 ,wiss5s*41 ,,xxi1 #aijc1 no4 ,,iii1 pp4 #ajj f4 #fcj ,kabbadias1 #bce2 ,collignon1 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xiii1 #ahhi1 p4 #dih & ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,bulle1 #gd4 #fca ,cf4 ! ,f>nese ,h]akles1 ,bulle1 #gb2 etc4 #fcb ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #bec1 fig4 #abb2 see bel[1 p4 #aai & note #e4 #fcc ,e4 g41 9 ! ,payne ,knight bronze ( ! ,briti% ,museum 7,b4 ,m4 ,bronz41 no4 #bji & ,pl4 #a7 & ! ,sci>ra bronze 7,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cba1 fig4 #afa2 ,r4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,i,va1 ,v71 :i* w be discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,,iii1 pp4 #ajh1 #aai4 #fcd ,he won ,ol4 787 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4aa2 ,hyde1 #de2 ,fo]/]1 #bee2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol4 #adi4 ,cf4 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bdi f42 ,mw41 pp4 #deb f4 #fce ,mp41 p4 #bee2 an almo/ exact copy ( ! ,eleusis /atue is 9 ! ,museo ,torlonia1 no4 #cg4 #fcf ,froehn]1 ,les m$aillons de l',empire roma91 #ahgh1 p4 #abc2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 l4 c4 #fcg ,mp41 pp4 #bbi f41 especially pp4 #bcc f42 ,mw41 pp4 #dbb f41 especially pp4 #dbf f4 #fch ,on an ,argive fun]>y relief3 see ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #bhg f4 & ,pl4 ,,xiii3 ?is free adaptation ( ! ,doryphoros dates f ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 x w be treat$ lat] on 9 our discussion ( ! ,doryphoros4 #fci ,cf4 ,ph41 #af1 7! pal/ra ( ,h]mes1 ! fir/ kn[n72 ,babr41 #dh1e 7 74 ,a tra9] ( pr(essional a?letes 0 call$ a 7a t]m sometimes appli$ to a?letic gods73 ,x541 ,mem41 ,,ii1 #a4bj2 ,plato1 de ,leg41 #gbj ,e2 etc4 #fdj ,e4 g41 ,suppl41 #ahi1 #ccc2 ,agam41 #eac4 #fda ,z 9 ,iliad1 ,,xv1 #dbh2 ,,xvi1 #ejj2 ,,xxiv1 #a4 ,eu/a?ius 9 a s*olion on ! latt] passage wrongly says t ,ais*ylos call$ ! 8 40 #fdb ,z 9 ,hesy*ios1 :o says 4 #fdc #eji1 1 8"l ( ,nemea40 #fdd ,ibid41 4 #fde #eae4 #fdf ,e4 g4 ,plato1 de ,leg41 #ghc ,a2 ,p9d>1 ,i/hm41 ,i1 #fj1 ,ol41 ,,vi1 #gi1 & ,py?41 ,,ii1 #aj 7( ,h]mes72 ,soph41 ,tra*41 #bf 7( ,zeus1 ! decid] ( conte/s72 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #adba 7( ,h]mes72 cf4 also ,simonides1 quot$ by ,a!nu1 ,,xi1 #ij 7p4 #dij72 ,ais*yl41 fragm4 #chd 7( ,h]mes72 ,ari/oph41 ,plut41 #aafa 7( ,h]mes72 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #bea2 etc4 #fdg ,see ,prell]-,rob]t1 ,grie*4 ,my?ol4#d1 #ahid1 p4 #dae1 n4 #c4 #fdh ,cf4 ,krause1 pp4 #afi f42 ,prell]-,rob]t1 op4 cit41 pp4 #dae f42 ,urli*s1 ,skopas1 p4 #db2 ,niss51 ,pompej4 ,/ud41 p4 #afh2 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #b1 p4 #bcfi2 ,s4 ,eitrem1 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,viii1 pp4 #ghf-g4 #fdi ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,x1 #eb-c2 ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,,vii1 #ajae1 #h4 #fej ,e4 g41 at ,mess5e1 ,p41 ,,iv1 #cb4a 7along ) t ( ,!seus74 #fea ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 #baef2 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #bej1 & ,neubau]1 ,h]mes1 ,,xi1 #ahgf1 p4 #adf1 no4 #ab2 = ! d$ication ( a tor* to ,h]mes1 see ,a4 ,g41 ,,vi1 #ajj4 #feb ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #abbe-f2 ,,iv1 #b1 #abbe;b2 #abbf1 b1 c1 d4 #fec ,ins*r4 ,gr4 ,insul41 ,,iii 7,!ra71 #cij2 cf4 ,c\gny1 ,epigr4 ,an?4 ,pal41 ,,iii1 #ahij 7,app5dix nova71 p4 #bf1 no4 #afh4 #fed ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vi1 #acd1 ,boeckh1 p4 #adh4 ,he is repres5t$ z a wre/l] 9 a bronze gr\p f ,antio*1 ) w+s 9 8 hair3 ,r4 ,fo]/]1 ,jb41 ,,xiii1 #ahih1 pp4 #agg f41 & ,pl4 ,,xi 7to be discuss$ infra41 p4 #bcc & note #b74 #fee ,s]vius on ,virgil's ,a541 ,,viii1 #ach4 #fef ,i1 #b4e4 #feg ,v1 #ad4i 7 444 74 #feh ,,viii1 #ad4aj4 ,an inscription 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahd7 records t a c]ta9 ,ake/orides ( ,alex&ria ,troas 7^: "n is left out ( ! text ( ,pausanias1 ,,vi1 #ac4g7 won a victory at ,ph5eus1 & ?is 0 probably at ^! games2 on ?is victor1 see ,hyde1 #aai1 & pp4 #di-ej4 #fei ,v1 #g4aj4 #ffj ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #cbd2 ,guide1 #cca2 ,b4 ,b41 #aca2 ,bulle1 #ed2 von ,ma*1 #abf b2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #deh1 fig4 #ejc2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebf1h2 ,collignon1 ,,ii4 p4 #abd1 fig4 #fj2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #chj f4 & fig4 #ajb2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #dfe2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxiv1 #ahff1 ,pl4 ,,ccix1 #a-b1 pp4 #afi f4 7,kekul7 & ,pl4 #bji1 #a1 #b2 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 pp4 #bjg f4 7,brunn72 ,jb41 ,,xiii1 #ahih1 pp4 #eg f4 & fig4 #a 7,habi*72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxviii1 #aijg1 p4 #be1 fig4 #ac2 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijc1 pp4 #dde f4 7von ,ma*72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bfh1 fig4 #dhb2 replicas 9 ! ,l\vre 7photo ,giraudon1 no4 #abji71 ,london 7,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt4 ,,iii1 no4 #agec71 ,duncombe ,p>k1 ,engl& 7,mi*aelis1 p4 #bie1 no4 #b71 & else:]e2 = s]ies1 see ,j4 ,six1 ,gaz4 ar*41 #ahhh1 pp4 #bia & ,pl4 #bi1 fig4 #aj ,a4 #ffa ,mw41 p4 #abb2 also ,smi?1 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #agec4 #ffb ,fir/ by ,visconti1 ,mus4 ,pio ,clem41 ,,iii1 p4 #acj2 lately by ,g4 ,habi*1 l4 c41 & o!rs4 #ffc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gb2 ,s4 ,q41 #hbf4 ,x 0 ! only bronze "w :i* ! sculptor is kn[n to h made1 all 8 o!r works be+ 9 m>ble4 #ffd ,kekul 7l4 c471 ,furtwa5gl] 7l4 c471 & o!rs make ! id5tification4 #ffe ,long ago ,turnebus 7,adv]s41 #aehj1 p4 #dhf7 expla9$ ! ^w 9 ! s5se ( 1 z us$ by ,lucian1 pro ,imag41 #aa2 cf41 ,cic]o's probatio1 9 8 de ,(f41 ,i1 #add4 ,mo/ mod]n comm5tators1 h[ev]1 ref] ! ^w to ! /atue1 translat+ x 8classical0 or 8*os503 ?us ,urli*s1 ,*re/4 ,pl41 #aheg1 p4 #cbe2 ,o4 ,jahn1 ,ueb] die ,kun/urteile des ,pl9ius 7,b]4 sae*s4 ,ges4 d4 ,wiss41 #ahej71 p4 #abe2 ,h4 ,l4 von ,urli*s1 ,blaett] f4 d4 bayr4 ,gymnasials*41 #ahid1 pp4 #fji f41 translates x 8klassis*0 or 8mu/]gueltig10 i4 e41 s]v+ z a patt]n or /&>d4 ,b ! t]m 0 too well kn[n z an a?letic "o = x ev] to h be5 appli$ to a /atue4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple1 in/ead ( ! usual aori/ 771 %[s t ,alkam5es' /atue repres5t$ an a?lete 9 ! act ( und]go+ selection4 ,! old em5dation into has be5 rec5tly def5d$ by ,kle91 ,praxiteles1 p4 #ej1 :o id5tifies ,pl9y's /atue ) ! ,glypto!k ,oil-p\r] 7,pl4 #aa72 x is discr$it$ by ! occurr5ce ( ! epi!t ,encr9om5os z a ,roman prop] "n1 ,c4 ,i4 ,l41 ,v1 #a1 #ddbi1 :i* %[s h[ famili> x 04 ,see ,jex-,blake1 on ! passage ( ,pl9y4 #fff ,cf4 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #cde2 ,helbig1 l4 c4 #ffg ,x seems to be a ,hadrianic copy ( an orig9al :i* /ood on ! ,a!nian ,akropolis4 #ffh ,n[ 9 ! ,antiqu>ium1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #ajcj2 not$ 9 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,xxxviii1 #aiaj1 p4 #bdi1 & fully discuss$1 ibid41 ,,xxxix1 #aiaa1 pp4 #ig f4 7,l4 ,m>iani71 & ,pls4 ,,vi1 ,,vii 7?ree views71 & ,,viii 7head1 two views74 #ffi ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hj3 ,naucydes ,m]curio et discobolo et immolante arietem c5setur1 etc4 #fgj ,ueb] d5 ,diskoswurf bei d5 ,grie*51 #ahib1 p4 #ee4 ,h[ev]1 von ,ma* discusses a r4-f4 de9os 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on1 :i* resembles ! pose ( ! /atue3 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijc1 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #a4 #fga ,z 9 a vase by ,d\ris3 ,a4 ,z41 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,ii2 ,furtw41 ,b]l9] ,vas51 no4 #bbhc ,a2 also on a ,hell5i/ic gem 9 ,b]l93 ,furtw41 ,gemm5 ,katalog1 no4 #fiaa4 ,philo/r41 ,imag41 ,i1 #bd1 says t ! left foot 0 advanc$4 #fgb ,co9 ( ,ama/ris3 ,s*loss]1 ,numism4 ,zeits*r4 7,vi5na71 ,,xxiii1 #ahia1 p4 #ai1 ,pl4 #b1 no4 #ce2 a bett] reproduction by ,imho(-,blum]1 9 ,sallet's ,zeits*r4 f4 ,numism41 ,,xx1 #ahig1 p4 #bfi1 ,pl4 #aj1 n4 #b 7 ,habi*1 p4 #eh1 fig4 #b72 ano!r 9 ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s 7,pontus71 ,pl4 ,,xx1 #g1 pp4 #hg & #ba4 ,on ?is & ! ,?racian co91 see also ,habi*1 ,h]mes ,diskobolos auf ,mu5z51 9 ,j\rn4 int]nat4 d'ar*1 num41 ,,ii1 #ahih1 pp4 #acg f4 ,habi* gives a gem %[+ ! god ) a k]ykeion 9 ! left h&1 & a diskos 9 ! "r & ) ! "r foot advanc$3 p4 #fa1 fig4 #c4 #fgc ,e4 g41 ,mi*aelis1 ,jb41 ,,xiii1 #ahih1 pp4 #age-f4 ,he looks ^u ! /atue simply z t ( a diskobolos4 #fgd ,9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns1 no4 #accii3 ,/as1 ,m>b4 et ,bronz41 pp4 #cec-ced & fig42 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijb1 ,pl4 #ag2 ,svoronos1 ,textbd41 ,i1 pp4 #db-c2 ,tafelbd41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 no4 #a2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxi1 #aija1 p4 #cea 7,bosanquet74 ,?is /atuette is #j4be met] 9 height & ! base #j4ji met] 7,svoronos74 #fge ,svoronos1 p4 #dc1 reproduces ! co9s ( ,ama/ris & ,philippopolis4 #fgf ,/u>t ,jones1 ,cat4 ,mus4 ,capitol41 p4 #bhh1 no4 #ba & ,pl4 #ga2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #heh2 ,guide1 #eji2 ,b4 ,b41 #chg2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #cjc & n4 #g2 ,mw41 p4 #ebe & n4 #a2 ,cl>ac1 ,,ii1 #hei1 #bagj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebe1 #a2 ,lange1 ,motiv des aufge/uetzt5 ,fusses1 #ahgi1 pp4 #ac f4 ,helbig speaks ( a replica 9 ,p>is1 b conf\nds x ) ! type ( ! s-call$ ,s&al-b9d] ( ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #h74 ,! ,capitol9e /atue is #a4hde met]s 9 height 7,/u>t ,jones74 #fgg ,! motive ( ! 8aufge/uetztes ,be90 is m likely ,lysippan ?an ,skopaic1 z ,furtwa5gl] wrongly assum$4 #fgh ,svoronos1 ,textbd41 ,i1 pp4 #ah f4 7) bibliography ( all ! objects d[n to #aijc1 on p4 #ae1 n4 #a472 ,tafelbd41 ,i1 ,pls4 ,i & ,,ii 7front & back72 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #cjb-cjd & fig42 ,bulle1 #fa2 von ,ma*1 #bij2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 ,pls4 ,,viii 7head71 ,,ix 7body1 ?ree views72 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,art ( ! ,greeks1 ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lxxviii2 = bibliographical notice & discussion1 see ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,v1 #aija1 p4 #dfe1 & ,,vii1 #aijc1 pp4 #dfd-e2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #big1 fig4 #eca2 ! be/ acc\nt ( ! /atue 9 ,engli% is by ,dr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,cooley1 9 ,record ( ! ,pa/1 ,,ii1 #aijc1 pp4 #bjg-ac 7) two illu/rations74 ,x is #a4id met]s 9 height1 i4 e41 slightly ov] life-size 7,svoronos74 #fgi ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxi1 #aija1 pp4 #bje f2 he also briefly describ$ all ! bronzes f\nd 9 ,a4 ,a41 #aija1 pp4 #ag-ai1 7#d figs471 9 ,rev4 des t4 gr41 ,,xiv1 #aija1 pp4 #abb-f 7#e figs471 & 9 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #aija1 pp4 #eh-fc 7#c figs47 & #aeh-i 7#c ,pls474 ,all ! bronzes 7 publi%$ aft] cleans+ 9 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijb1 pp4 #ade f41 ) ,pls4 #g-ag & figs4 #a-ah 9 ! text2 see also ,/as1 ,les tr\vailles dans la m] de ,cy?re1 #aije2 ! la/ publication ( all ! pieces is by ,svoronos1 ,textbd41 ,i1 pp4 #a-hf2 ,tafelbd41 ,i1 ,pls4 ,i-,,xx4 #fhj ,9 8 popul> discussion ( ! bronzes 9 ,mon?ly ,review1 ,june1 #aija1 pp4 #aaj-abg 7) #e ,pls41 & #e figs474 ,simil> praise is t ( ,w4 ,kle91 ,,ii1 p4 #djc2 he calls x die wund]voll/e all] uns erhalt55 ,bronze/atu5 des ,alt]tums4 #fha ,london ,illu/rat$ ,news1 ,june #f1 #aijc 7) d\ble-page plate74 #fhb ,gaz4 d4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xxv1 ,pr4 ,,iii1 #aija1 pp4 #bie-cja 7) #c figures74 #fhc ,9 a monograph entitl$ 7pp4 #a-db1 & #f figs471 ,a!ns1 #aijc4 #fhd ,x 0 re/or$ by ! ,fr5* sculptor ,&r1 :o cov]$ x ) putty to conceal ! jo9tures & ! rivets :i* 7 us$ 9 weld+ ! fragm5ts toge!r4 ,he also color$ x to resemble bronze4 ,! me?od us$ 9 ! re/oration is c]ta9ly op5 to objection1 b n to ! ext5t ass]t$ by c]ta9 s*ol>s1 e4 g41 by von ,ma*1 :o ass]ts t no ,greek /atue has receiv$ su* unwor?y treatm5t1 & t ! re/oration makes x possible to ref] ! /atue to almo/ any age or admixture ( influ5ces3 ,greek ,sculpture1 ,its ,_s & ,pr9ciples1 p4 #cbf4 ,mu* ( ! beauty ( ! /atue1 to be sure1 is gone1 b ! /yle is n obscur$4 ,x has be5 re/or$ too full1 :i* gives x a s5su\s appe>ance4 ,= ! /atue1 be=e re/oration1 see ,svoronos1 ,textbd41 p4 #ah1 fig4 #b2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 fig4 on p4 #cjd4 #fhe ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #aeb f42 cf4 ,sculpt41 pp4 #bdd f42 ,hbk41 pp4 #ecb f4 ,9 ,*ap4 ,,vi ( ! pres5t "w we %all foll[ ! view :i* ascribes ! ,h]akles to ,lysippos3 infra1 pp4 #bih1 #caa4 ,! ,praxitelean & ,lysippan influ5ces 9 ! bronze "u discussion are not$ by ,ri*>dson1 p4 #bgf4 #fhf ,ibid41 pp4 #bag f4 #fhg ,= ! =m]1 see ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 #bdi2 von ,ma*1 #cbg2 ,re9a*1 ,i1 #deb1 #b4 ,on ! hem ( ! cloak is an ,etruscan d$icatory inscription to "o ,metilius by 8 wife1 conta9+ ! "n ( ,t59e ,tu?9es z ! bronze-ca/]3 see ,corss51 ,spra*e d4 ,etrusk]1 ,i1 pp4 #gab f4 7quot$ by von ,ma*74 ,= ! latt]1 see ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #e2 ,guide1 #e2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,vi & ,,vii1 #aheg-fc1 ,pl4 #hd1 #a2 ,annali1 ,,xxxv1 #ahfc1 pp4 #dcb f4 7,koehl]72 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #ga2 ,b4 ,b41 #bbe2 ,b]n\illi1 ,roem4 ,ikonogr41 ,,ii1 i1 pp4 #bd f41 fig4 #b2 etc4 #fhh ,text on pp4 #aae f42 ,kle91 op4 cit41 pp4 #djc f41 believes t ! enigma ( its int]pretation rema9s unsolv$4 ,he looks ^u x z1 p]haps1 a pre-,lysippan "w1 a sort ( ,vor/ufe to ! ,apoxyom5os4 #fhi ,cf4 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #ecd4 #fij ,on ?is ge/ure1 see von ,ma*1 op4 cit41 pp4 #cbe-f4 #fia ,textbd41 ,i1 figs4 #ac-ad1 pp4 #bf-g4 ,= ! gem1 see ibid41 fig4 #c1 p4 #bb2 ,re9a*1 ,pi]res graves1 ,pl4 #ef1 #cd4 #fib ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gg4 ,s ,miss ,bieb]1 ,jb41 ,,xxv1 #aiaj1 pp4 #aei f41 foll[+ ! sugge/ion ( ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 ed4 ,i1 #aijg1 pp4 #bed f4 7view reit]at$ 9 ed4 #b1 #aiaj1 p4 #cjd71 & ,loes*ke4 ,pl9y says t ! /atue ( ,euphranor display$ e phase ( ,p>is' "*1 9 ! triple aspect ( judge ( ! goddesses1 lov] ( ,hel51 & slay] ( ,a*illes4 ,on ?is /atue1 ( :i* we "k s little1 cf4 ! v diff]5t results rea*$ by ,furtwa5gl] 7,mp41 pp4 #ceg f42 ,mw41 pp4 #eia-b7 & ,rob]t 7,hallis*es ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 ,,xix1 #ahie1 pp4 #bj f474 ,edw4 ,vic>s1 9 ! ,pall ,mall ,magaz9e1 ,,xix1 #aijc1 pp4 #eea f41 foll[$ by ,dr4 ,cooley1 believes t ! bronze %\ld be re/or$ z ,p>is hold+ ! apple ( discord 9 ! "r h&4 #fic ,suppl4 de la ,gaz4 d4 ,b4-,a41 #aija1 pp4 #fh f41 & #gf f4 #fid ,,vi1 #ajj f42 ,,viii1 #cgb f42 9 ! latt] connection x is an adjunct to ! dance4 #fie ,a!nu1 ,i1 #dd 7p4 #bd b71 quotes ! ,p]gam5e ,k>y/ios 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iv1 p4 #cei1 fragm4 #ad7 z say+ t ! wom5 ( ,k]kyra play$ ball 9 8 "t4 ,= ,rome1 cf4 ,hor41 ,sat41 ,,ii1 #b4aa2 ,suetonius1 ,octav41 #hc2 ,pl9y1 ,ep41 ,,iii1 #a4h2 ,s5eca1 de ,brev4 vit41 #ac2 etc4 ,on ball-play+1 see ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 #ahfd1 pp4 #hd f42 ,l4 ,becq de ,f\quires1 ,les ,jeux des ,anci5s1#b #ahgc1 ,*4 ,,ix1 pp4 #agf-aii4 #fif ,a!n41 ,i1 #be 7p4 #ad d1 e74 #fig ,a!n41 ,i1 #be-bf 7pp4 #ad f1 #ae a74 #fih ,9 8 4 ,cf4 ,sidon4 ,apoll41 ,v1 #ag2 ,m>tial1 ,,iv1 #ai2 etc4 #fii ,a!n41 ,i1 #cd 7p4 #ai a74 #gjj ,a!n41 ,i1 #bf 7p4 #ae72 cf41 ,eu/a?41 on ,od41 ,,vi1 #aae1 p4 #aeec2 only ! ,milesians 7 oppos$ to x3 id41 on ,od41 ,,viii1 #cgb1 p4 #afja4 #gja ,!ophr41 ,*>41 ,v1 #i2 ,pl9y1 ,ep41 ,,ii1 #ag4ab & ,v1 #f4bg2 ,suetonius1 ,vit4 ,vespas41 #bj2 etc4 #gjb ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,x1 #aijc-d1 pp4 #fc f2 cf41 ,,xii1 #aije-f1 p4 #chg4 #gjc ,! are m5tion$ 9 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #d1 #achf1 #adcb2 ,p41 ,,iii1 #ad4f1 m5tions a /atue ( ,h]akles !re1 to :i* ^! y\?s sacrific$4 ,muell]1 ,die ,dori]1 #d1 #e1 #b1 class$ ^! competitions z a sort ( football4 #gjd ,rev4 des t4 gr41 ,,xiv1 #aija1 pp4 #dde-h4 #gje ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 no4 #abii2 ,b4 ,b41 #dac2 ,bulle1 #dd2 ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 ,,iii1 text to no4 #aabg2 ,f4 ,w41 text to #afcj2 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 text to ,pl4 #gj1 fig4 on p4 #e2 ,kekul1 ,die grie*4 ,skulpt41#b fig4 on p4 #cdi 7! ,g]manicus on p4 #cdh2 cf4 ,bulle1 p4 #id1 fig4 #ag72 ,loewy1 ,grie*4 ,pla/ik1 ,pl4 #id1 fig4 #agf a1 p4 #hj4 ,! /atue is #a4hc met]s high 7,bulle74 ,head alone 9 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #ddf1 & cf4 #def1 n4 #d2 ,arndt-,amelung1 nos4 #bgj-bga4 ,a f9e h]ma-replica ( ! head is at ,broadl&s1 ,engl&3 ,mi*aelis1 p4 #bai1 no4 #i2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #eh1 fig4 #ac 7?ree views74 ,a poor] copy is 9 ! ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce3 ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 no4 #ac2 ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 #hc-hd4 #gjf ,graef1 ,aus d] ,anomia1 #ahij1 p4 #fi4 ,bulle f9ds ! head simil> to t ( ! ,lemnian ,a!na & ! body to t ( ! ,f>nese ,anad\m5os ( ! ,briti% ,museum 7 ,bulle1 no4 #di74 ,furtwa5gl] ?9ks t its relation to ! ,lemnia is n close en\gh to w>rant u 9 assign+ x to ,pheidias3 ,mp41 p4 #eg2 ,mw41 pp4 #hf & #gdb4 ,on ! basis ( a ,phokaian co9 7,b]l9 example1 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #ai2 copy 9 ,briti% ,museum1 ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,ionia1 ,,iv1 #bc71 :i* repres5ts a simil> ,h]mes1 he ascribes ! /atue to an ,ionian arti/ & conjectures ,telephanes m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fh4 #gjg ,helbig f9ds ! head ,myronian1 b ! body unconnect$ ) any ( ! well-kn[n arti/ic t5d5cies ( 8 day4 #gjh ,z %[n 9 ! ,g]manicus copy2 ! "r arm is wrongly re/or$ 9 ! ,ludovisi /atue4 ,9 ! ,g]manicus ! arm is b[$ m at ! elb[1 ! h& rea*+ ! level ( ! temples4 #gji ,froehn]1 pp4 #bac f41 no4 #ahd 7& bibliography72 ,f4 ,w41 #afcj2 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pls4 #fi 7/atue71 #gj 7head72 etc4 #gaj ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xv1 #aiaa1 ,pl4 ,,vi & pp4 #bae-af 7,caskey72 ,jb41 ,,xxiv1 #aiji1 ,pls4 ,i & ,,ii 7f ,muni* ca/71 pp4 #a f4 7,sievek+74 ,= ! ,h]mes ( ! ,boboli g>d5s1 see ibid41 figs4 #a & #c1 pp4 #b & #d2 ,arndt-,amelung41 ,e9zelauf41 #ajc-aje2 ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 no4 #hd2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bcj1 ,mw41 p4 #dbd4 ,ano!r replica is 9 ! ,h]mitage3 ,kies]itzky1 ,kat41 no4 #agi2 ,sievek+1 figs4 #d-e1 p4 #e2 ,mp41 p4 #bij1 ,mw41 #ejf2 ano!r 9 ! ,torlonia ,museum 9 ,rome1 no4 #dge ,sievek+1 fig4 #f1 p4 #e4 #gaa ,gaz4 d4 ,b4-,a41 #aiaa1 p4 #bea4 #gab ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bcj & cf4 p4 #bij2 ,mw41 p4 #dbd & cf4 p4 #ejf4 #gac ,see ! ,annual ,report ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 #ahih1 p4 #bj4 ,mahl]1 ,polyklet u4 se9e ,s*ule1 p4 #bg1 no4 #cd1 wrongly ?\ght t x 0 a replica ( ! ,doryphoros4 #gad ,froehn]1 no4 #ahc1 pp4 #baj f4 7bibliography on pp4 #bab-ac2 lat] bibliogr4 9 ,kle91 ,praxitel4 ,/ud41 #ahii1 p4 #d1 n4 #b72 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fg2 von ,ma*1 #bch b2 ,cl>ac1 ,pl4 #cji1 no4 #bjdf4 ,replica 9 ,muni* 7) a head ( ,apollo n belong+ to ! torso73 ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt4#b1 #aiaj1 #bhg 7) li/ ( replicas72 von ,ma*1 #bch;a2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #had1 #bjdh2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dhg1 #g2 ,kle91 pp4 #d f42 "o 9 ,london1 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se3 ,mi*aelis1 pp4 #dfd;f41 no4 #he & ,pl4 opp4 p4 #dfd2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #had1 #bjdh ,a2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dhg1 #f2 "o 9 ! ,vatican3 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dhg1 #e2 head & torso 9 ,a!ns3 ibid41 ,,ii1 i1 #aec1 #aj2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xi1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,ix 7middle71 pp4 #cfb f4 7,/udniczka72 head 9 ,cop5hag51 =m]ly 9 ! ,borghese ,coll41 ,rome3 ,p4 ,arndt1 ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 #aiab1 ,pls4 #abh1 #abi1 & text pp4 #agg f41 7fig4 #ie bronze re/oration = ! municipal ,museum 9 ,/ett91 comb9+ ! ,lansd[ne body & ! ,fagan head 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 = ! ,fagan head see ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 #aghe74 #gae ,see von ,ma*1 #agj2 ,r4 ,kekul1 ,die ,reliefs an d] ,balu/rade d] ,a!na ,nike1 ) ,pls4 #a-f4 #gaf ,f ! ,ekphrasis ( ,*ri/odoros1 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ii1 vv4 #big-cjb4 ,x 0 fir/ %[n to be a /atue ( ,h]mes by ,lambeck1 de ,m]curii /atua1 ,?orn1 #ahfj4 #gag ,pick1 ,die antik5 ,mu5z5 ,nordgrie*5l&s1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 #be2 cf4 ,froehn]1 p4 #baa4 #gah ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #aea2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 pp4 #bci f4 7,wace74 #gai ,e4 g41 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 nos4 #abjj1 #abjb1 #abjg2 = a h]m 9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo ( ! ,vatican1 aft] a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 type1 see ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #hd1 no4 #fe & ,pl4 ,x4 #gbj ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #afjj & ,pi4 ,,iii2 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 p4 #ed1 & ,pl4 #e1 & fig4 #a 7,wolt]s72 ,kalkmann1 ,proport4 d4 ,gesi*ts1 pp4 #da & #ih2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,xviii4 opp4 p4 #cdf2 = a full discussion ( ?is head1 see ! note by translator 9 ,mp41 pp4 #cdf-g4 ,! head is #aa-a_/b in*es high 7,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt474 #gba ,niss51 ,pompej4 ,/ud41 p4 #aff4 #gbb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ah4 #gbc ,e4 g41 "o 9 ,p>is1 9 ! ,cab4 des ,mdailles1 no4 #ccej2 ,cl>ac1 #fff ,d1 #aeab ,f4 #gbd ,e4 g41 ,e4 von ,sack51 ,die ant4 ,bronz5 des k4 k4 ,mu5z-und ,antik5-,cab9etes 9 ,wi51 #ahga1 ,pl4 #aj1 #d2 a bronze ,m]cury 9 ,p>is1 9 ! ,cab4 des ,md41 ,coll4 ,opp]mann 7#j4bj m4 tall73 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bcc1 fig4 #id1 & ,mw41 p4 #dbh1 fig4 #fd2 bronze /atuette ( ,m]cury 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ) *lamys ov] ! left %\ld]3 ,mp41 p4 #bcb1 fig4 #ic2 ,mw41 p4 #dbg1 fig4 #fc4 #gbe ,mp41 p4 #bca1 n4 #c4 #gbf ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #abag4 #gbg ,mp41 pp4 #bhh f42 ,mw41 pp4 #ejb f4 #gbh ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #afe 7r5ew$72 base pictur$1 ,mp41 p4 #bhh1 fig4 #abc2 ,mw41 p4 #ejc2 fig4 #ij4 ,furtwa5gl] _h ascrib$ ! /atue ( ,ari/ion to ! y\ng] ,polykleitos2 ?is 0 disprov$ by ! date ( ,ari/ion's victory1 ,ol4 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c471 giv5 by ! ,oxy4 ,pap4 #gbi ,mi*aelis1 p4 #ddf1 no4 #ce2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #idf1 #bdcf ,a2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhi1 fig4 #abd2 ,mw41 p4 #ejd1 fig4 #ia4 #gcj ,,xxiii1 #ffj2 cf4 ,od41 ,,xix1 #hf3 8,by ,apollo's grace he ha? s goodly a son0--mean+ t ,apollo gave increase ( physical /r5g? to m51 j z ,artemis did to wom54 ,cf4 ,hesiod1 ,!og41 #cdf-g4 #gca ,v1 #g4aj4 #gcb ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,viii1 #d 7 p4 #gbd ,c1 ,d472 "h he also m5tions a ,gymnasion ( ,apollo at ,a!ns4 #gcc ,told by _m writ]s3 e4 g41 ,apollod41 ,,ii1 #f4b4 #gcd ,p41 ,x1 #ac4g1 describes a gr\p at ,delphi repres5t+ ,apollo & ,h]mes grasp+ ! tripod be=e ! fight2 9 ,,viii1 #cg4a he m5tions ! same subject on a m>ble relief at ,lykos\ra1 & 9 ,,iii1 #ba4h says t ,gy?ion 0 f\nd$ by ! two aft] ! conte/1 & t _! images /ood 9 ! agora !re4 ,! subject 0 repres5t$ 9 ! gable ( ! ,siphnian ,treasury at ,delphi3 ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #bgd 79 connection ) ,p41 ,x1 #aa4b74 ,/ephani enum]at$ #hi exi/+ works ( art :i* repres5t ?is subject1 ( :i* #eh appe> on black-figur$1 #ah on r$-figur$ vases1 #h on m>ble reliefs1 #c on t]ra-cottas1 & #b on gems3 ,comptes r5dus de la comm4 impr4 ar*ol41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahfh1 pp4 #ca f42 ,ov]beck has add$ to ! li/3 ,grie*4 ,my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 #ahhi1 pp4 #cia-dae4 #gce ,! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #bji2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes1 ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,specim5s1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,v2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,xi1 ,pl4 #cb2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #bba2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 & pp4 #agh f41 & cf41 ,,ii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #ccb f4 7,wald/e972 von ,ma*1 ,pl4 #fg2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #djc1 fig4 #bjh2 ,cl>ac1 ,,iii1 #dhb1 #ica ,h1 & p4 #bac3 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #he1 #aj2 ,conze1 ,beitr4 zur ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,pl4#b1 #ahfi1 ,pl4 ,,vi2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bcd1 fig4 #dbi4 ,! height ( ! /atue is #e feet1 #aj4e in*es 7,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt474 ,! ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos3 ,kabbadias1 #de2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #bc-bd & fig42 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #c2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dje1 fig4 #bji2 ,b4 ,b41 #db2 von ,ma*1 #ff2 ,f4 ,w41 #bai2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #he1 #g2 ,conze1 op4 cit41 ,pls4 ,,iii-,v1 & text1 pp4 #ac f42 ,murray1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 opp4 p4 #bcd 7bo? /atues72 torso 9 ,muni*1 ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelauf41 nos4 #hdi-ej2 = li/ ( o!r copies1 see ,a4 ,m41 ,,ix1 #ahhd1 pp4 #bci-dj4 #gcf ,cf4 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #bji 7,a4 ,h4 ,smi?74 #gcg ,see ,wald/e91 p4 #ahj2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #bai2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ix1 #ahhd1 p4 #bdh4 #gch ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #he1 #i2 ,m4 ,d41 ,i1 p4 #dg1 no4 #agi2 cf4 ,f4 ,w41 #bai4 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii4 ,apollon1 p4 #afb1 fig4 #i4 #gci ,a4 ,m41 ,i1 #ahgf1 ,pl4 ,x1 & pp4 #agh f4 7,kekul72 ,bulle1 #aje 7,left7 & p4 #bjh1 fig4 #dg4 #gdj ,publi%$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #bgh-hj 7,dick9s72 "h1 on p4 #bgi1 we h ! fragm5t photograph$ ) ! l[] p>ts ( ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] & ,omphalos copies on ei!r side2 ,dick9s says t ) ! possible exception ( ! ,a!ns /atue ?is fragm5t %[s ! be/ workman%ip ( all ! copies4 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 no4 #abfh4 #gda ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #baa2 x %[s ! krobylos be/4 #gdb ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #baj4 #gdc ,braun1 ,vors*ule d4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,pl4 ,v1 7quot$ by ,a4 ,h4 ,smi?74 #gdd ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 #ed2 discuss$ 9 ,annali1 ,l1 #ahgh1 pp4 #fa f4 7,brizio74 #gde ,cf4 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #hei2 ,beul1 ,monnaies d',a?nes1 p4 #bga1 quot$ 9 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 p4 #bce1 n4 #ed4 #gdf ,jb41 ,,ii1 pp4 #bcd f42 on p4 #bcd1 ! ,a!ns /atue & ! figure f ! ,bologna krat] are %[n side by side4 #gdg ,fuehr]1 "u no4 #hei 7! ,capitol9e replica71 & especially "u no4 #abfh4 #gdh ,beitraege zur ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,pl4#b1 p4 #ai4 #gdi ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 p4 #def4 #gej ,a4 ,m41 ,,ix1 #ahhd1 p4 #bdd4 #gea ,m5tion$ by ,p41 ,i1 #c4d2 ?is view has be5 upheld by ,conze1 l4c42 ,murray1 ,i1 p4 #bce2 cf4 ,furtw41 l4 c41 & on ! arti/1 see 8 article 9 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijg1 pp4 #afj f4 #geb ,s4 ,q41 nos4 #ejh-ebf4 #gec ,furtw41 l4 c42 ! co9 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is pictur$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #bje1 fig4 #b4 ,conze's !ory ( id5tify+ ! type ) ! ,alexikakos has be5 que/ion$ among o!rs also by ,ov]beck3 ,i1 n4 #bbf1 to pp4 #bhj 7on p4 #cja74 #ged ,dionys4 ,halic41 de ,isocrate ,judicium1 ,,iii1 p4 #edb 7ed4 ,reiske72 ,s4 ,q41 #eca4 #gee ,op4 cit41 especially p4 #ahb4 #gef ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4f4 ,he won 9 ! e>ly fif? c5tury1 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf1 #gg 7 #dhd1 #dgf1 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg4 #geg ,f4 ,w41 nos4 #bai & #bba4 ,cl>ac1 ,text1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bac1 leaves x 9 d\bt :e!r x be ,apollo or an a?lete2 h[ev]1 he calls ! ,capitol9e copy an a?lete4 #geh ,publi%$ by ,miss ,k4 ,a4 ,mc,dowall1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 pp4 #bjc-g & fig4 #a4 #gei ,! untru/wor?y "* ( ! ,torlonia copy has be5 %[n by ,ov]beck1 ,kun/my?ologie1 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 pp4 #aji & #afb4 ,! ,roman copy 9 ! ,capitol9e is also inf]ior1 & ! legs are wrongly re/or$--= at t p]iod 9 art !re 0 little diff]5ce betwe5 ! free & ! re/ leg2 see ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 no4 #hei2 ,/u>t ,jones1 ,cat4 ,mus4 ,capit41 p4 #bhg1 no4 #bj & ,pl4 #fi2 ,conze1 ,beitraege zur ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,pl4#b1 ,pl4 ,,vii2 ,cl>ac1 #hfb1 #bahi2 head 9 ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 ,s]ie ,,ii1 #deb-d1 p4 #ce4 #gfj ,wald/e9 ascrib$ ! orig9al to ,py?agoras1 p>tly because ?is arti/ 0 fam$ = ! detail ( ve9s1 s9ews1 & hair3 see ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 #gfa ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #bbc f42 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvii1 #c-e4 ,! orig9al height 0 #b4fj met]s4 #gfb ,/r5a ,helbigiana1 #aijj1 p4 #bic2 discuss$ also by ,miss ,mc,dowall 7l4 c4 & fig4 #c1 p4 #bjf72 a poor replica is 9 ,muni*3 ,furtw41 ,mw41 p4 #aae1 & fig4 #ba4 #gfc ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,troas1 etc41 ,pl4 ,,xxxii1 #a2 ,mc,dowall1 l4 c41 fig4 #d1 p4 #bjg4 #gfd ,bulle1 #ej1 :o gives ! height #a4hf met]s2 von ,ma*1 #aae2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edg1 #i2 o!r ref]5ces infra1 on p4 #aeb1 n4 #e4 #gfe ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,viii1 #aije1 pp4 #db f42 ,,ix1 #aijf1 pp4 #bgi f42 cf41 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 pp4 #aje-f1 n4 #a 7,engl4 ed41 p4 #abj74 #gff ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,xii1 #aiji1 pp4 #ajj f4 ,he ?9ks t ! orig9al may h be5 id5tical ) ! /atue ( /&+ be=e ! temple ( ,ares at ,a!ns1 ,p41 ,i1 #h4d1 & t ! ( ,pheidias at ,olympia1 ,p4 ,,vi1 #d4e1 also may h be5 an ,apollo4 ,he also int]prets ! figure ( a *>iote] ent]+ a *>iot on an ,attic relief 7,fig4 #fc71 to be discuss$ lat]1 z an ,apollo3 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ed f4 ,= ! relief1 see ,b4 ,b41 #ba2 von ,ma*1 #ef2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #ig2 infra1 pp4 #bfi f4 #gfg ,cf41 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ah 7,a*illeae74 ,on ^! 8,a*illean0 /atues 7a g5]ic "n = /atues ( a?letes lean+ on _! spe>s1 f ,a*illes1 ! typical h]o ( ephebes71 see ,furtwa5gl]1 ,jahrbue*] f4 cl4 ,philol41 ,supplbd41 ,,ix1 #ahgg1 p4 #dg1 n4 #aa4 #gfh ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,viii1 #aije1 pp4 #bfi f4 ,miss ,mc,dowall1 9 ! article already cit$1 p4 #bjd1 has also argu$ t !re is no necess>y connection betwe5 ! quiv] slung ov] ! tree-support & ,apollo4 #gfi ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-c2 ,loewy1 op4 cit41 ,x1 #aijg1 pp4 #cbf f4 ,/udniczka1 ibid41 ,,ix1 #aijf1 pp4 #caa f41 discusses ! base & believes t ! pose ( ! /atue ( ,py?okles 0 ! same z t ( ! ,borghese ,ares ( ! ,l\vre 7von ,ma*1 #abe2 ,f4 ,w41 #abih2 ,re9a*1 ,rp4 ,i1 #acc1 #a-c2 etc471 ! weight on ! left foot1 i4 e41 ess5tially diff]5t f ! ,polykleitan pose4 #ggj ,r4 ,m41 ,,xxvii1 #aiab1 p4 #cg4 #gga ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #eb 7 wrongly female72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xv 7?ree views71 & pp4 #bce f4 7,wace74 #ggb ,mp41 p4 #bdg2 ,mw41 pp4 #ddh-ddi2 he assigns x to ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #ggc ,amelung1 ,rev4 ar*41 ,,ii1 #aijd1 p4 #cdd4a2 ,wace1 l4 c41 p4 #bcg4 #ggd ,bo? ,s*reib]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,viii1 #ahhc1 pp4 #bdf f41 & ,/udniczka1 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #bee f41 h %[n t ! hair arrang$ 9 ! d\ble plait1 :e!r ! or n1 is ,attic1 & t simil>ly ! mass ( locks ov] ! e>s is common 9 ,attic works4 #gge ,p41 ,v1 #g4i4 ,9 ,v1 #g4g1 ! ,idan ,h]akles is said to h fir/ cr[n$ 8 bro!r z victor !re2 cf4 ,v1 #h4c-d4 ,we h already 7p4 #aj7 spok5 ( ! diff]5ce ( op9ion z to :e!r x 0 ! ,cretan 7,idan7 ,h]akles1 or ! m fam\s son ( ,zeus & ,alkm5a1 :o f\nd$ ! games4 ,on ! traditional connection ( ! h]o ) ,olympia1 see ,e4 ,curtius1 ,sitzb4 d4 k4 preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 #ahid1 pp4 #ajih f42 ,busolt1 ,gr4 ,ges*41#b ,i1 pp4 #bdj f42 ,krause1 ,olympia1 pp4 #bf f4 #ggf ,) ! riv]-god ,a*eloos1 ,,iii1 #ah4af 7! conte/ pictur$ 9 relief on ! ?rone ( ,apollo at ,amyklai2 cf4 ! same sc5e repres5t$ by ! c$>-wood figures inlaid ) gold on ! treasury ( ! ,meg>ians at ,olympia1 ,,vi1 #ai1 #ab72 ) ,antaios1 ,,ix1 #aa4f 7pictur$ 9 ! sculptures ( ! gable ( ! ,h]akleion at ,!bes72 ) ,eryx1 ,,iii1 #af4d & ,,iv1 #cf4d4 #ggg ,p41 ,v1 #h4d4 #ggh ,p41 ,v1 #ba4i2 he won 9 ,ol4 #agh 7 #fh ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #egj-a4 #ggi ,v1 #ba4aj4 #ghj ,^! victors 7 ,kapros ( ,elis1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #abd 7 #bab ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #aej2 ,fo]/]1 #dgd1 #dge2 he _h two /atues1 ! rema9s ( :i* may h be5 recov]$3 see ,bronz5 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,ii1 ,,iii2 ,ari/om5es ( ,rhodes1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #aef 7 #aef ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #eje-f2 ,protophanes ( ,magnesia ad ,mai&rum 7ad ,le?aeum 9 ,p41 l4 c471 :o won 9 ,ol4 #agb 7 #ib ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #ech-i2 ,m>ion ( ,alex&ria1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ahb 7 #eb ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #egi-hj2 ,ari/eas ( ,/ratonikeia1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #aih 7 #ac ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #fji-aj2 ,niko/ratos ( ,aigeai 9 ,kilikia1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #bjd 7 #cg ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #fba-b4 #gha ,two m5 ent]$ lat]1 b 7 disqualifi$3 ,sokrates1 :o won 9 wre/l+ 787 9 ,ol4 #bcb 7 #adi ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #gjd2 & ,aurelios ,ailix1 or ,helix1 ( ,phnicia1 :o won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #bej 7 #bba ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #gcd4 ,see ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lxxix1 #aj2 ,philo/r41 ,h]oicus1 ,,iii1 #ac 7p4 #adg1 ed4 ,kays]72 cf4 ,ph41 #df & note by ,jue?n]1 ad loc4 ,ailix won 9 bo? ev5ts on ! same day at ! ,capitol9e games 9 ,rome1 :i* no "o _h done be=e3 ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #fbe4 #ghb ,su* victors 7 numb]$ 9 two ways2 "s au?orities 9 ! way m5tion$ above1 e4 g41 ,dio ,cassius1 l4 c42 o!rs numb]$ !m 1 1 4 4 41 e4 g41 ,africanus2 cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #gc f4 & n4 #a1 & p4 #ig & n4 #b4 #ghc ,see ,f4 ,k9ds*]1 ,die h]akleis*5 ,doppelsieg] zu ,olympia1 ,jahn's ,ar*iv f4 ,phil4 u4 ,pa$ag41 ,,ii1 #ahde1 pp4 #cib-daa4 #ghd ,p41 ,,iv1 #cb4a 7/atues ( ! ?ree 9 ! ,gymnasion at ,mess5e74 ,he m5tions1 ,,ix1 #aa4g1 a ,gymnasion & ,/adion ( ! h]o ne> ! ,h]akleion 9 ,!bes4 #ghe ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #dee-f4 #ghf ,on ! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ /atues ( victors f ^? ( ,h]akles1 see also ,arndt1 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 ,text1 p4 #ach1 to ,pl4 #id4 #ghg ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a4 #ghh ,*4 ,,vi1 pp4 #bic f41 especially pp4 #bih-bii4 #ghi ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 ,pl4 #aag 7?ree views74 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,tyszkiewicz collection4 #gij ,see ,arndt1 l4 c4 ,furtwa5gl] believ$ ! head ,praxitelean3 see ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #b1 p4 #baff ll4 #fa f4 ,s4 ,re9a* saw 9 x a mlange ( ,skopaic & ,praxitelean elem5ts3 ,gaz4 d4 ,b4-,a41 #c1 ,pr41 ,,xvi1 #ahif1 ,,ii1 p4 #ccb & fig4 on p4 #cbh2 ,ttes1 ,pl4 #agf1 p4 #aci2 he is foll[$ by ,arndt4 #gia ,anti*ita di ,ercolano1 ,bronzi1 ,i1 ,pls4 #di & #ej2 ,d4 ,comp>etti e ,g4 de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,vii1 #c1 p4 #bfa1 #d2 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #ff2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cfd2 ,f4 ,w41 #acjb4 ,simil>ly1 ! bronze head ( a y\? 9 ,naples1 ) a roll$ fillet1 may be f ! /atue ( a victor or ( ! h]o3 ,inv5t41 #eeid2 ,b4 ,b41 #cfe4 #gib ,= ! ,naples replica1 see ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,villa ,ercolan41 ,pl4 ,,xxi1 #c2 ,furtw41 ,mp4 p4 #bcd1 fig4 #ie2 ,mw41 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #fe2 poor] copy 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti ( ! ,vatican 7no4 #aci73 ,helbig1 ,guide1 #fi2 ,b4 ,b41 #cch2 ano!r 9 ,broadl&s1 ,engl&3 ,mi*aelis1 p4 #bbj1 no4 #aj2 ,mp41 p4 #bce1 fig4 #if2 ,mw41 p4 #dca1 fig4 #ff4 ,graef _h already conjectur$ ! type to be t ( a ,polykleitan ,h]akles3 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 p4 #bae4 ,he is foll[$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bc4 #gic ,amelung41 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #gch1 no4 #fcf & ,pl4 #gi2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #ajh2 ,guide1 #aac2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fji2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #cda1 fig4 #adf 7head1 on p4 #cdb1 fig4 #adg72 ,mw41 p4 #ege1 fig4 #aji 7head1 on p4 #egg1 fig4 #aaj74 ,! gr\p is #b4ab met]s high 7,amelung474 #gid ,helbig1 ,guide1 no4 #bdb4 #gie ,helbig1 ibid41 no4 #dgj2 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 p4 #aig1 no4 #ab 7,skopaic74 #gif ,x 0 f\nd 9 ,g5zano3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #agca & ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #b2 height1 #a foot1 #d-g_/h in*es2 = ref]5ces1 see infra1 p4 #afi1 n4 #h4 #gig ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #agcb2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 #eg2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,iii1 ,pl4 #ab4 ,a simil> head1 half portrait & half ideal1 appe>s on co9s ( ,mac$onia4 ,su* fillet$ heads z nos4 #agcc & #agdj ( ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt4 are probably f /atues ( ,h]akles4 ,! /atuette ( a seat$ ,h]akles1 ibid41 no4 #agbf1 ) ! lion-sk9 & we>+ a laurel wrea? ti$ on ) a fillet 7 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 p4 #bbg1 no4 #c2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,iii1 #ahhb1 ,pl4 ,,xxv47 & inscrib$ z ! "w ( ,diog5es 7,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #cfa71 recalls ! description ( ! pose ( ! ,h]mes ,epitrapezios made by ,lysippos = ,alex&]3 ,/atius1 ,silv41 ,,iv1 #f2 cf4 ,m>tial1 ,,ix1 #dd4 #gih ,b4 ,m4 ,bronz41 nos4 #abed1 #abgf1 #abib1 etc4 #gii ,b4 ,m4 ,bronz41 ,pl4 ,,ii 7upp] "r-h&72 text1 no4 #bab4 #hjj ,fri$ri*s1 ,kle9]e ,kun/1 #ahej2 m5tion$ by ,furtw41 ,mw41 p4 #ebe1 n4 #b4 #hja ,,iii1 nos4 #i & #ai2 no4 #ai has swoll5 e>s4 #hjb ,see ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bcd & #bcf2 ,mw41 pp4 #dbi & #dcc4 ,he gives z an example ! ,polykleitan ephebe head-type discuss$ supra1 p4 #ie4 #hjc ,p41 ,v1 #h4d4 #hjd ,p41 ,v1 #ae4e4 #hje ,p41 ,,iii1 #ad4g 774 #hjf ,p41 ,,ii1 #cd4aj4 #hjg ,iliad1 ,,iii1 #bcg 7 ,od41 ,,xi1 #cjj72 ,hom]ic ,hymn to ! ,diosk\roi1 ,,xxxiii1 #c2 ,p9d>1 ,i/hm41 ,i1 #af f42 ,py?41 ,v4 #i2 etc4 ,ka/or 0 fam$ also = ?r[+ ! quoit3 ,p9d>1 ,i/hm41 ,i1 #be4 #hjh ,iliad & ,od41 ll4 cc42 ,simonides1 frag4 #h 7,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #cij72 ,apoll4 ,rhod41 ,argon41 ,,ii1 #a f4 #hji ,apoll4 ,rhod41 op4 cit41 ,i1 #adf2 ,!okr41 ,,xxii1 #b-c & #cd2 ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,,xi1 #fa-b2 ,nem41 ,x1 #di-ej2 ,i/hm41 ,v1 #cb-c2 etc42 v>i\s ,roman poets3 see ,be!1 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,v1 ,i1 pp4 #ajib-d4 #haj ,r4 ,m41 ,,xv1 #aijj1 #a f4 7) illu/rations74 #haa ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #cg4 #hab ,b4 ,m4 ,bronz41 no4 #cbjg2 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 ,,iii1 #a1 #fdi2 ,rev4 ar*41 ,sr4 #c1 ,,xviii1 #ahia1 ,pl4 #ah1 & pp4 #de f4 7,froehn]72 ,wo*5s*r4 f4 kl4 ,phil41 ,,viii1 #ahia1 p4 #hei2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cag1 fig4 #gc4 ,froehn] reads ! "n 8,exotra10 t ( a woman victor4 #hac ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #dc a 7p4 #agc74 #had ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #ecd4 ,ano!r relief fragm5t 9 ! ,uffizi %[s ! upp] "p ( ! two ) horses1 ea* we>+ ! *lamys & pilleus & c>ry+ spe>s3 ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 #ddf4 #hae ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #ghj2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #aa2 cf4 a simil> relief1 no4 #gha4 ,! relief ibid41 ,,iii1 no4 #bbjf1 suppos$ly repres5t+ ,ka/or1 has be5 pron\nc$ a mod]n =g]y by ,treu3 see ,f4 ,w41 #ajjf4 #haf ,*4 ,i1 pp4 #bg f4 & #cg f4 #hag ,?is is ! usual division ( victor monum5ts3 ,s*]]1 pp4 #ba f42 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ecj2 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5kmael] grie*4 und roem4 ,skulptur1 ,h&ausgabe#c1 #aiaa1 pp4 #ajd f4 7translation by ,h4 ,taylor1 #aiad1 pp4 #abj f47 ,reis*1 p4 #dj1 divides ,sieg]bild] 9 ,motiv5 von allgeme9] ,geltung und ,bild] 9 ,motiv51 die d] speciell5 ,v]anlassung d] ,weihung entlehnt s9d--a division practically am\nt+ to t ( re/ & motion /atues1 z we %all see4 #hah ,discuss$ infra 9 ,*4 ,,vii1 pp4 #ccd f4 #hai ,,viii1 #dj4a4 #hbj ,see infra1 ,*4 ,,vii1 pp4 #cbg-h4 #hba ,we "k ( "o case1 at lea/1 :]e an 8,apollo0 7drap$7 0 transf]r$ to a relief--on a column drum ( ! old ,artemision 9 ,ephesos1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,x1 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 pp4 #d f41 & figs4 #d;a1 #e 7,murray72 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #ajf1 fig4 #i2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ec1 fig4 #af4 ,accord+ to ,h]odotos1 ,i1 #ib1 mo/ ( ^! columns 7 ! gifts ( ,crsus1 :o reign$ #efj-edf ,b4 ,c4 ,on ! :ole s]ies ( 8,apollos10 see ,w4 ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 #aiji2 cf4 ,f4 ,w41 text to no4 #ad1 pp4 #i f2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 pp4 #hb-c1 ) ref]5ces2 etc4 #hbb ,see ,ri*>dson1 pp4 #ci f4 #hbc ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #aa-ab & fig42 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,v 7two views7 & pp4 #ih f4 7,holleaux72 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aag1 fig4 #eh2 ,deonna1 op4 cit41 p4 #afa1 no4 #ce2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #dd1 fig4 #ab4 ,x is 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,a!ns1 :]e mo/ ( ! 8,apollos0 are to be f\nd4 ,! sanctu>y ( ,apollo ,ptoios on ,m\nt ,ptoion1 ,botia1 is m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,ix1 #bc4f1 ,hdt41 ,,viii1 #ace1 & o!r writ]s4 #hbd ,9 ,a!ns3 ,kabbadias1 no4 #h2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #aj2 ,deonna1 p4 #bbg1 no4 #abi2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,viii2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #acb1 fig4 #ff2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #aca1 fig4 #af2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ci1 fig4 #e2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #gg;,c2 von ,ma*1 #ab2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gf1 #aj2 ,f4 ,w41 #ad2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #agb1 fig4 #ccf2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #cai1 fig4 #acc4 #hbe ,kabbadias1 no4 #i2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #i-aj 7#a4bg m4 high72 ,annali1 ,,xxxiii1 #ahfa1 pp4 #gi f4 & ,pl4 ,e2 ,deonna1 op4 cit41 p4 #adh1 no4 #bf2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 & pp4 #cai f42 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aad1 fig4 #ef2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 fig4 #ad2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #aff1 fig4 #bi2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #dj1 fig4 #h2 ,b4 ,b41 #gg;,a2 von ,ma*1 #aa b2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #eji1 fig4 #bfj2 ,f4 ,w41 #dc2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gf1 #aa4 #hbf ,kabbadias1 no4 #aj2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #h 7#a4cj met]s high72 ,deonna1 p4 #aec1 no4 #bh2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 & p4 #ff 7,holleaux72 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aif1 fig4 #ib2 von ,ma*1 #ae;a 7left72 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #afh1 fig4 #cj2 ,b4 ,b41 #ab 7left72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gf1 #g4 ,9 ano!r f\nd at ,m\nt ,ptoion 9 #aijc1 ! left arm is almo/ entirely brok5 away3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxxi1 #aijg1 ,pl4 ,,xx4 #hbg ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #aj1 no4 #aeeh2 ,deonna1 p4 #bag1 no4 #aad1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xvi1 #ahib1 ,pl4 ,,xvi 7two views7 & pp4 #efj f4 7,holleaux72 von ,ma*1 no4 #ac2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #cba1 fig4 #acd2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #acb1 fig4 #ag2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ci1 fig4 #f2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gf1 #a4 #hbh ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*reib4 d4 ,glypt41#b pp4 #di f41 no4 #dg2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #aeh1 fig4 #bf2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #hg1 fig4 #g2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #dj1 fig4 #g2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 ,i2 ,bulle1 #cg 7"r72 von ,ma*1 #ad2 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 ,pl4 ,i1 pp4 #c f2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,iv1 #ahdg1 ,pl4 ,,xliv2 ,baum41 ,i1 fig4 #cdj2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #bjb1 fig4 #if2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #agd1 fig4 #cch2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #dja1 figs4 #ahg1 #ahh2 ,f4 ,w41 #di2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gf1 #b4 ,x is #a4ec met]s high 7,bulle74 #hbi ,left3 torso f\nd 9 #ahhe3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 #ahhg1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 & pp4 #ahe f4 7,holleaux72 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aih1 fig4 #di2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #da1 fig4 #i 7)\t ! head72 head f\nd 9 #aijc3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxxi1 #aijg1 ,pls4 ,,xvii-,,xviii2 entire figure1 ibid41 ,pl4 ,,xix2 text1 pp4 #ahg f4 7,m5del72 ,kabbadias1 #ab2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #i & fig42 ,deonna1 p4 #aef1 no4 #cj4 ,"r3 ,/as1 pp4 #ab-ac1 no4 #bj2 ,deonna1 no4 #ce2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cae & fig4 #aeg 7two views72 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 #ahhg1 ,pls4 ,,xiii & ,,xiv1 & pp4 #bge f41 & ,x1 #ahhf1 fig4 ,,vi 7)\t head7 & pp4 #bfi f42 von ,ma*1 #ae;b 7"r72 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #afi1 fig4 #ca2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #db1 fig4 #aj 7two views72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gg1 #d 7)\t head72 cf4 ,,ii1 #a1 #ah1 #d & #e4 #hcj ,see ,holleaux1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 p4 #ahf1 n4 #a4 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #da1 wrongly ?\ght t !y 7 ( m>ble1 expla9+ ! pres]vation ( ! arms by _! pres5ce2 ! arms1 h[ev]1 7 =m]ly brok5 (f & h s9ce be5 readju/$ to ! /atue4 #hca ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #bjf2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,ix1 #ahfi-gc1 ,pl4 ,,xli2 ,annali1 ,,xliv1 #ahgb1 pp4 #aha f42 ,b4 ,b41 #ea2 von ,ma*1 #af2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bcg1 fig4 #fa2 ,f4 ,w41 #hi2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #ha1 #f4 ,x is #c feet #d in*es 9 height4 #hcb ,see ,holleaux1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 p4 #bga2 ,,xi1 p4 #ahf2 & cf4 ,vis*]1 ,kle9e ,s*rift51 ,,ii4 pp4 #cjb f4 #hcc ,b4 ,b41 no4 #gf4 #hcd ,see ,holleaux1 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 #ahhg1 p4 #agh4 #hce ,f ! inscription on its ?igh4 #hcf ,9 ! ,a!ns ,museum2 x dates f ! middle ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #aa1 no4 #aijf & fig4 7#a4gh m4 high72 ,deonna1 p4 #acc1 no4 #e2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 figs4 #ahi-aij2 ,kabbadias1 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijb1 pp4 #dc f4 & ,pls4 #c & #d2 ,bulle1 no4 #cg 7left71 :o gives its height z #a4gi met]s4 #hcg ,see ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 text to ,pl4 ,i1 p4 #d4 #hch ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 p4 #d1 ascribe x to ! ,cretan sculptors ,skyllis & ,dipo9os1 :o work$ 9 ,argos1 ,sikyon1 & ,cor9?1 or to _! s*ool4 #hci ,/atue ,a3 ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,i2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiv1 #aijj1 ,pls4 ,,xix-,,xxi 7front1 side1 & re>7 & pp4 #dde f4 7,homolle72 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #aee1 fig4 #be2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #hi1 fig4 #h2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #agd1 fig4 #ccg2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 ,pls4 ,,ix1 ,x4 ,/atue ,b 7fragm5t>y73 ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 p4 #g1 fig4 #g2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiv1 #aijj1 ,pl4 ,,xviii4 ,see also ! foll[+3 ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,iii ,pr41 ,,xii1 #ahid1 pp4 #ddd-f2 ,,xiii1 pp4 #cb f42 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #ahid1 p4 #ehe2 especially ,homolle1 l4 c41 pp4 #dde f4 7he ex*anges ,b = ,a72 cf4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #ahie1 p4 #aae2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #gg1 #f & #g4 #hdj ,,vi1 #aj4e2 ! epigram reads3 1 4 ,dam>etos ( ,h]aia won two victories 9 ! heavy-arm$ race 9 ,ols4 #fe1 #ff 7 #ebj1 #eaf ,b4 ,c472 ,!opompos two 9 ! p5ta?lon 9 ,ols4 787 #fi1 #gj 7 #ejd1 #ejj ,b4 ,c474 ,_! monum5t 0 "o 9 common3 ,hyde1 nos4 #id1 #ie & pp4 #db f42 ,fo]/]1 #ace1 #adj & #afh1 #afi4 #hda ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4h2 he won 9 ! boys' wre/l+ mat* & 9 ! p5ta?lon 9 ,ol4 #ch 7 #fbh ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #adh2 ,fo]/]1 #fa1 #fb4 #hdb ,hoplite victor 9 ,ol4 #fh 7 #ejh ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #aea4 #hdc ,victor 9 ?ree runn+ races on ! same day 77 9 ,ol4 #fg 7 #eab ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 #add-f4 #hdd ,!y won 9 box+ 9 ,ol4 #ei 7 #edd ,b4 ,c47 & ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #fa 7 #ecf ,b4 ,c47 respectively3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4g2 ,hyde1 #ahg1 #ahh1 & p4 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #aac & #abj4 ,pausanias1 l4 c41 wrongly says t !y 7 ! olde/ /atues at ,olympia4 #hde ,he won ! d\ble foot-race 9 ,ol4 #ce 7 #fdj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,p41 ,i1 #bh4a2 ,fo]/]1 #ee4 #hdf ,he won five victories 9 wre/l+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,p41 ,,iii1 #ac4i2 ,fo]/]1 #hf-ij4 ,! /atue ( ,oibotas ( ,dyme1 :o won ! /ade-race 9 ,ol4 #f 7 #gef ,b4 ,c471 0 set up 9 ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4h2 ,hyde1 #bi2 ,fo]/]1 #f2 t ( ,*ionis ( ,sp>ta1 :o won sev5 runn+ races 9 ,ols4 #bh-ca 7 #ffh-fef ,b4 ,c471 0 made by ,myron1 & consequ5tly 0 erect$ 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4b2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa1 & p4 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-f3 ^! two1 !re=e1 did n necess>ily con=m ) ! 8,apollo0 type4 #hdg ,,vi1 #ad4e f2 he won 9 ,ol4 787 #fa1 & 9 ,ols4 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff 7 #ecf-eaf ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abh2 ,fo]/]1 #aaf1 #abb1 #abf1 #aca1 #acf1 & #ada2 ,afr4 gives ! second victory z ,ol4 #fb2 see ,fo]/]1 #abb4 #hdh ,vit4 ,apoll4 ,tyan41 ,,iv1 #bh4 #hdi ,,vi1 #ad4f-g4 #hej ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #dd1 believes t ?is description may be imag9>y1 concoct$ f /ories ( ,milo's feats ( /r5g?2 b ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fja1 cite ,guttman1 de olympionicis apud ,philo/ratum1 p4 #g1 ,matz1 de ,philo/r4 9 describ4 imag4 ,fide1 p4 #cc1 & ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 #ahij1 p4 #dac1 z believ+ t x 0 bas$ on ! appe>ance ( ! /atue4 ,s*]]1 pp4 #bc f41 ?\ght t ,philo/ratos foll[$ ,pausanias 9 int]pret+ ! attributes ( ! /atue1 & t ! latt] got 8 idea ( ! /r5g? ( ! victor f ! /atue or f a cic]one4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,vii1 #ai1 says ( ,milo3 ,malum t55ti nemo digitum corrigebat4 ,aelian m5tions ,milo's feat ) ! pomegranate 9 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,ii1 #bd & de ,nat4 anim41 ,,vi1 #ee4 #hea ,cf4 ,philo/r41 l4 c41 ll4 #bg1 #bh3 4 #heb ,op4 cit41 p4 #ca4 #hec ,cf4 ,p41 ,,viii1 #df4c4 #hed ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ge4 #hee ,= ! type1 see ! ,payne ,knight bronze /atuette 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronz41 no4 #bji & ,pl4 ,i2 ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #de2 ! same type appe>s on ,milesian co9s4 ,cf4 ,brunn1 ,i1 #gg4 ,fraz] is aga9/ ,s*]]'s cont5tion4 #hef ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #fja-b4 ,see ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4a 7/atue ( ,!ognetos74 #heg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 #heh ,ana*>41 #i2 cf4 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ix1 #ceg4 #hei ,no4 #ch2 cf4 = ! left-h& figure1 p4 #hc1 fig4 #aa 7side view74 #hfj ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xviii1 #ahid1 pp4 #dd f41 ,pls4 ,v1 ,,vi 7de ,ridd]72 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #edg1 fig4 #ccb2 ,a4 de ,ridd]1 no4 #gdj1 pp4 #bfh-i1 & ,pls4 ,,iii1 ,,iv4 ,x is simil> 9 pose to bronzes 9 ! same museum1 nos4 #gcf 7 de ,ridd]1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #a71 #gcg 7 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #c71 & #gch 7 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b74 ,x is #j4bg met] high 7,bulle74 #hfa ,x w be consid]$ lat] on 9 ?is *apt]3 p4 #aai & n4 #c4 ,x is #j4ahe met] high 7,bulle74 #hfb ,?is /atuette1 %[+ ,peloponnesian t5d5cies1 is 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on2 x is #j4be met] high 7,bulle74 #hfc ,9 ! same way ! p$im5t /atues f ,aeg9a diff] f ,attic works by /raight] l9es & m compact =ms4 #hfd ,he won a *>iot victory "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ih & #aja 7 #chh & #cgf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 ,hyde1 #ag 7 #aje d2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4bf72 ,fo]/]1 #caj4 #hfe ,he won 9 *>iot-rac+ "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #acj 7 #cbj & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aa2 ,hyde1 #abb2 ,fo]/]1 #eac4 ,! date is f ! lett]+ on ! recov]$ base3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agg2 cf4 ,hyde1 p4 #ea4 ,on su* /atues1 cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #da4 #hff ,! spell+ occurs on two blocks1 d1 e1 f ! ,praxiteles ba?ron at ,olympia3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #fca ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #cj2 = ! :ole ,praxiteles ba?ron see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bff4 ,ditt5b]g] & ,purgold keep ! read+ ,hageladas4 ,possibly ! spell+ /&s = 2 ! ,,mss4 ( ,pl9y read ,hagelades2 see ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 p4 xviii1 ,add4 to no4 #cj2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bag1 n4 #a4 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,le*at1 p4 #chj & n4 #d1 & pp4 #ded f42 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #caf f42 ,j\b91 pp4 #ad f41 #hc f41 #ib f41 etc42 ,brunn1 pp4 #fc f42 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 pp4 #baf f42 & especially ,pfuhl1 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vii1 pp4 #bahi f4 #hfg ,= ,myron1 see ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eg4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #aif1 ,mw41 #cgi-hj1 ?9ks t ! connection is n lit]ally true1 ev5 if consid]ations ( *ronology are n aga9/ x1 & d]ives ! /ory ( ,hageladas tea*+ ,myron f ! simil>ity betwe5 ! "w ( ! two4 ,= ,polykleitos1 see ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee4 ,! tradition t ,hageladas 0 ! ma/] ( ,polykleitos has be5 unreasonably assail$ by _m s*ol>s3 e4 g41 by ,rob]t1 ,ar*4 ,ma]*51 #ahhf1 p4 #ig2 ,mahl]1 ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*41 #ciab1 pp4 #f f42 ,kle91 ,i1 p4 #cdj2 cf4 ,,ii1 p4 #adc2 cf4 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 ,i1 p4 #baj4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #aif1 ,mw41 p4 #chj1 believes x impossible because ( *ronological difficulties1 & assumes a sculptor ( an int]m$iate g5]ation z ! tea*] ( ,polykleitos2 he1 foll[$ by ,mahl]1 l4 c41 & ,kle91 ,i1 #cdj1 names ,argeiadas 7m5tion$ 9 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #cj7 z ?is int]m$iate arti/4 ,h[ev]1 he admits t ! /atem5t is true 9 a g5]al s5se1 s9ce ,polykleitos develop$ 8 canon f t ( ,hageladas3 cf4 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #adi2 ,pfuhl1 h[ev]1 p4 #baib1 has %[n t ! relation%ip is p]fectly possible4 #hfh ,to be m5tion$ infra1 p4 ,,iii & note #b4 #hfi ,dio ,*ryso/41 de ,hom4 et ,socr41 #a2 "h ,muell] am5ds ! ,,mss4 read+ to 2 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,class4 ,rev41 #ahid1 p4 #gj1 wrongly reads 4 #hgj ,mp41 pp4 #ec & #aif2 ,mw41 pp4 #hj-ha1 & #chj4 #hga ,wilam[itz has %[n t x comes f ,apollonios1 son ( ,*airis1 :o liv$ circa #ajj ,b4 ,c41 & t x goes back probably to ! ,*ronica ( ,apollodoros ( ,a!ns1 :o liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,aus ,kyda!n 7,kiessl+ & ,wilam[itz1 ,philolog4 ,unt]su*ung51 ,i1 #ahhj71 pp4 #aed f4 ,kalkmann1 9 8 ,quell5 d] ,kun/ges*4 d4 ,pl9ius1 p4 #da1 believes t ! date :i* is giv5 by ,pl9y 7,,xxxiv1 #di7 = ! floruit ( ,hageladas1 ,ol4 #hg 7 #dbc-dbi ,b4 ,c471 comes f ! same ,apollodoros4 #hgb ,op4 cit41 pp4 #da & #fe f42 ,pfuhl1 p4 #baid4 ,brunn1 l4 c41 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #adj1 & ,rob]t1 l4 c41 _h assum$ an e>li] plague at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 b ! real occasion = ! d$ication ( ! ,h]akles rema9s obscure4 #hgc ,p41 ,,iv1 #cc4b4 #hgd ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4f2 ,hyde1 #hb2 ,fo]/]1 #adb1 #adh4 #hge ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4aa2 ,hyde1 #acb2 ,fo]/]1 #acc1 #acd4 #hgf ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4f f42 ,hyde1 #ii2 ,fo]/]1 #adc4 ,!re is no reason = foll[+ ,brunn 9 8 cont5tion t ^! /atues 7 set up "s "t aft] ! victories1 z ^! dates fit ! *ronology ( ! arti/ outl9$ above4 #hgg ,a fif?-c5tury type ( /atue occurs on ^! co9s1 repres5t+ ! god /&+ ) ! left foot =w>d1 ! knee slightly b5t1 a ?und]bolt held 9 ! ext5d$ "r h& & an eagle 9 ! ext5d$ left3 ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,pelop41 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 nos4 #a & #f2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 #b1 ,mu5ztafel1 ,,iii1 #bj & #ab2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 ,i1 p4 #baa1 fig4 #cic2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cah1 figs4 #aeh-aei4 ,frick5haus1 quot$ by ,pfuhl1 p4 #baid1 believes t ! pose is se5 also 9 ! small bronze pictur$ 9 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #ahif-g1 ,pl4 ,x1 #a4 #hgh ,p41 ,,vii1 #bd4d4 ,see ,b4 ,m4 ,co9s1 ,pelop41 ,pl4 ,,iv1 nos4 #ab & #ag1 & cf4 #ad2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #a1 ,mu5ztafel1 ,,iv1 #af-ag2 ,svoronos1 ,j\rn4 int4 d'ar*4 num41 ,,ii1 #ahih1 #cjb1 ,pl4 #ad1 #aa4 #hgi ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahij 7,e9e argivis*e ,bronze71 pp4 #aeb-aec & ,pl4 ,i 7#c views72 f :i* plate ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bba1 fig4 #di2 ,wald/e91 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #aca1 fig4 #a2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ic1 fig4 #aa2 von ,ma*1 #ag b2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #he1 #a2 cf4 ,fro/1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #bbc f41 & fig4 #a1 :o comp>es its /yle & pose ) a lat] bronze /atuette f\nd (f ,c]igotto 7,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijb1 ,pl4 #ad74 ,lig\ri is on ! site ( ! anci5t ,lessa3 ,curtius1 ,peloponnesos1 ,,ii1 #aheb1 p4 #dah4 ,! bronze )\t ! base is #ace millimet]s high 7,furtwa5gl]74 #hhj ,b4 ,b41 #cjb2 ,bulle1 #dc2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bcd1 fig4 #dbh2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #eb1 fig4 #aj 7upp] "p72 ,mw41 p4 #gi1 fig4 #c2 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #dgc1 fig4 #bbh b4 ,x is #a4fj met]s high 7,bulle74 #hha ,li/$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #aci1 n4 #fa4 ,= ! relation ( ^! copies to ea* o!r1 id41 ,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xiv1 #ahid1 pp4 #ha f42 he ascribes !m to ,hegias4 #hhb ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cja2 ,bulle1 #da2 von ,ma*1 #cba2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #ahdf2 ,guide1 #gdd2 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #aaia1 fig4 #acia2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #ffa1 fig4 #cdf2 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #dgc1 fig4 #bbh1 a2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ehh1 #i2 ,f4 ,w41 #bbe2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,xv1 & pp4 #abc f42 ,annali1 ,,xxxviii1 #ahfe1 ,pl4 ,d & pp4 #eh f42 ,kekul1 ,gruppe des ,ku5/l]s ,m5elaos 9 ,villa ,ludovisi1 #ahgj1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #bj f42 ,j\b91 p4 #hg1 fig4 #ae2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #baa1 fig4 #cih4 ,! be/ copy ( ! head ( ! /atue by ,/ephanos is 9 ! ,lat]an ,museum1 ,rome3 see ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bag1 fig4 #ib2 ,mw41 p4 #dje1 fig4 #fb4 ,! /atue is #a4dd met]s high 7,bulle74 ,= ! inscription on ! tree-trunk1 see ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #cgd4 #hhc ,! be/ example is 9 ,naples1 ! gr\p be+ kn[n1 & probably correctly1 s9ce ,w9ckelmann's day1 z ,ore/es & ,elektra3 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cjf2 ,kekul1 ,gruppe d4 ,m5elaos1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #a2 ,bulle1 #ada 7height #a4dd met]s72 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ffb1 fig4 #cdg2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #eeg1 fig4 #aea2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hcf1 #bjic2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ejf4d4 ,a sket* ( ! ,naples ,ore/es & ! ,lig\ri bronze1 %[+ _! great resemblance1 is giv5 by ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #acg4 ,a replica ( ! female figure is cit$ by ,mi*aelis z 9 ,m>bury ,hall1 ,engl&3 p4 #ejc1 no4 #f2 cf4 ,conze1 ,beitraege zur ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,pl4#b1 p4 #be1 n4 #c4 #hhd ,e4 g41 ! s-call$ gr\p ( ,ore/es & ,pylades 9 ! ,l\vre3 von ,ma*1 #cbc2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #ffc1 fig4 #cdh2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #afa1 #b 7 ,m]cury & ,vulcan74 #hhe ,kalkmann1 #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahic1 pp4 #gg f41 ?\ght t ! ,/ephanos figure w5t back to an orig9al by ,py?agoras1 ! rival ( ,myron1 :i* ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #di1 rightly *>act]izes z 8wide ( ! m>k02 ,pfuhl1 p4 #baig1 ,bulle1 & o!rs reg>d its ascription to ! s*ool ( ,hageladas z probable1 ev5 if n capable ( pro(4 ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #aeb1 believes x 0 v]mutli* e9 ,w]k des ,mei/]s 7i4 e41 ,hageladas7 selb/3 on pp4 #adf-g he pron\nces ! life-size m>ble torso ( a /atue ( a nude man f\nd 9 a wall ov] ! ru9s ( ! ,palai/ra at ,olympia 7,treu1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 p4 #de7--;because ( its resemblance 9 pose to t ( ! ,lig\ri /atuette--a ,roman s*ool copy ( an orig9al bronze victor /atue go+ back to ,hageladas4 #hhf ,e4 g41 ! m>ble gr\p =m]ly 9 ! ,boncompagni-,ludovisi collection1 n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #acad2 ,guide1 #hhg2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cji2 von ,ma*1 #cbb2 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #aaic1 fig4 #acic2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ded1 fig4 #hcd2 ,kekul1 ,die ,gruppe d4 ,m5elaos1 ,pl4 ,i2 ,s*reib]1 ,bildw4 d4 ,villa ,ludovisi1 p4 #hi1 no4 #fi2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #ffe1 fig4 #cdi2 ,f4 ,w41 #aefj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ejf1 #f4 #hhg ,v1 #aj4h4 #hhh ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gb1 & ,,xxxvi1 #af4 #hhi ,see ,brunn1 pp4 #bcf-g & #bdd-e4 #hij ,loes*ke 7,dorpat]progr41 #ahhg1 p4 #g1 on ! basis ( an e>ly sugge/ion ( ,furtwa5gl] 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 p4 #aid7 & ,j4 ,six 7,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,x1 #ahhi1 pp4 #aji f471 assum$ two sculptors ( ! "n ( ,alkam5es1 ascrib+ ! gable /atues & t ( ,h]a at ,phal]on 7m5tion$ by ,p41 ,i1 #a4e7 to ! eld] "o4 ,furtwa5gl] lat] retract$ ! !ory ( two arti/s & assum$ b "o 7,mp41 p4 #ij1 n4 #c2 ,mw41 p4 #abb & n4 #f74 ,koepp has %[n t ! ,h]a is ( no use 9 dat+1 s9ce ! /ory ( ,pausanias t ! temple ( ,h]a 0 de/roy$ by ! ,p]sians is an inv5tion 7,jb41 ,v1 #ahij1 p4 #bgg74 ,! idea ( an eld] ,alkam5es bas$ on ! inscription on a h]m rec5tly f\nd 9 ,p]gamon 7,a4 ,a41 #aijd1 fig4 on p4 #gf7 has also be5 refut$ by ,w9t] 7,a4 ,m41 ,,xxix1 #aijd1 pp4 #bjh-baa1 & ,pls4 ,,xviii-,,xxi71 :o has %[n t ! inscription & /atue d n g s f> back4 #hia ,see ,baum41 pp4 #aajd ,,kk4 #hib ,p4 #bdc4 #hic ,a4 ,z41 ,,xli1 #ahhc1 pp4 #ada f4 #hid ,no4 #ace4 #hie ,ar*4 ,/ud4 ,h4 ,brunn d>gebr41 pp4 #fg f4 #hif ,a4 ,m41 ,,vii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #bjf f4 ,he also f\nd ! /yle ( ! two p$im5ts unlike4 #hig ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 p4 #gh1 n4 7 ,argive-,sikyonian72 cf4 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #dd-ie2 ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,ix-,,xvii 7,ea/ ,gable71 ,,xxii-,,xxxi 7,we/ ,gable74 #hih ,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #cgd-e 7 ,argive-,sikyonian72 cf4 ,r4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ec f41 :]e he excepts ! f\r corn] figures ( ! ,we/ ,gable z ,attic1 because !y are ( ,p5telic m>ble1 & n ,p>ian1 l ! o!rs4 #hii ,i1 pp4 #dfj-a4 #ijj ,i1 p4 #ccj 7 ,elean74 #ija ,= a discussion ( ! :ole "q ( ! arti/s1 see ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 i1 pp4 #cbi f42 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 pp4 #eab f4 ,= a re/oration ( ! two gr\ps1 see ,treu1 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 ,pls4 #e1 #f 7,we/71 & ibid41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 ,pls4 #h1 #i 7,ea/72 :5ce ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bdf1 figs1 #eg & #ef respectively2 see also ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,xviii-,,xxi2 ,textbd41 pp4 #aad-acg2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 ,pl4 opp4 p4 #cji2 etc4 #ijb ,ri*>dson1 p4 #aja1 fig4 #di 7side71 & p4 #aed = ! /atem5t2 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse1 ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,bulle1 pp4 #dfb-c1 figs4 #ace1 #acf2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #dfa 7middle r[1 bottom72 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #cgb f4 7,/udniczka72 de ,ridd]1 no4 #dfg2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #fgi1 fig4 #cdg2 x is #j4aj met] high 7,graef41 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xv1 #ahij1 p4 #af1 n4 #a74 ,= ! figure ( ,apollo1 see ,bulle1 no4 #db2 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 & ,textbd41 p4 #fi2 von ,ma*1 #hf 7/atue71 #ddf 7head74 ,! orig9al height 0 #c4aj met]s 7,bulle74 #ijc ,mp41 p4 #ec2 ,mw41 p4 #hj2 #ej/es ,b]t4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 pp4 #adj-a & #adh4 #ijd ,! torso 0 f\nd 9 #ahfe1 ! head 9 #ahhh3 torso1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 p4 #bj & ,pl4 ,i1 ) wrong head 7,furtwa5gl]72 head1 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhh1 p4 #ha & ,pl4 ,,iii2 figure 9 outl9e1 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #cgd-e1 figs4 #aia-b2 ,dick9s1 no4 #fih1 pp4 #bfd f42 ,b4 ,b41 #dfa b2 ,bulle1 #dj & figs4 #ae1 #ad on pp4 #hg-h 7f a ca/72 von ,ma*1 #eg2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bje1 fig4 #dh2 ,le*at1 p4 #deb1 fig4 #ch2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ehh1 #a2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bag1 fig4 #djc2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,a41 #ahhi1 p4 #adg1 ,mw41 pp4 #gf1 n4 #b1 & #ha2 ,wolt]s1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 p4 #bbf4 ,bulle dates x t[>d #dhj ,b4 ,c4 #ije ,! same turn appe>s 9 ! six?-c5tury ,ramp9 head3 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cfj1 fig4 #ahb4 ,x w be discuss$ lat] on1 pp4 #abf-abg4 #ijf ,furtwa5gl]1 #ej/es ,b]t4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 pp4 #acb & #aej2 ,mp41 p4 #ai2 ,dick9s1 p4 #bfe4 #ijg ,x is a d$ication by ,eu?ydikos3 ,collignon1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,vi 7"r71 opp4 p4 #cef2 von ,ma*1 no4 #bf 7"r72 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bab1 fig4 #dg2 ,bulle1 #bdj2 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse1 p4 #cfg1 fig4 #cg2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #eie1 fig4 #bii2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #gh1 fig4 #cc2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bjg1 fig4 #cij4 ,bulle gives x z half life-size4 #ijh ,dick9s1 pp4 #bdh f41 no4 #fhi2 ,bulle1 no4 #aih2 ,b4 ,b41 #dfj2 von ,ma*1 #ddj & #ddc 7left72 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cfb1 fig4 #ahd1 & bibliog41 note #c1 p4 #cfc2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bjf1 fig4 #di2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bac1 fig4 #dh2 ,le*at1 p4 #cfb & ,au ,muse1 p4 #cgd1 fig4 #ci2 ,furtw41 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #aea2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 ,pl4 ,,xiv2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 ,x is slightly "u life-size4 #iji ,"h aga9 ,furtwa5gl] ascribes x to ,hegias1 ^: art he d]ives f ,hageladas4 #iaj ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 p4 #di1 fig4 #gh2 x w be discuss$ infra 9 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #bbj-a4 #iaa ,see supra1 p4 #aje & n4 #c4 #iab ,on ,*ryso!mis1 see ,rob]t 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,iii1 #b1 p4 #beba2 ,brunn1 pp4 #fa-b2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #adj2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #bbe 7 =]unn]s ( ,hageladas & ,polykleitos71 & cf4 p4 #cbj4 ,on ,eutelidas1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vi1 #a1 p4 #adic4 #iac ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee2 o!rs1 e4 g41 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b1 call him an ,argive4 ,he belong$ to a family ( sculptors1 "s ( :om work$ 9 ,sikyon & o!rs 9 ,argos4 #iad ,kyniskos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4aa2 ,hyde1 #de2 ,fo]/]1 #bee2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adi2 ,py?okles3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4aj2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #gj2 ,fo]/]1 #bie2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-c2 ,ari/ion3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4f2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #aae2 ,fo]/]1 #cgf2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afe 7r5ew$72 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ib2 ,!rsilo*os3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4f2 ,hyde1 #aad2 ,fo]/]1 #cfi4 #iae ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ia4 ,9 ! same book1 #gb1 ,pl9y m5tions ano!r pupil ( ,polykleitos1 ,ari/eides1 z ! fa%ion] ( *>iot-gr\ps4 ,pausanias m]ely m5tions him 9 connection ) improvem5ts 9 ! hippodrome at ,olympia made by ,kleoitas3 ,,vi1 #bj4ad2 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,ii1 pp4 #hif-g4 #iaf ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bbf1 makes ,naukydes1 ,daidalos1 & ! y\ng] ,polykleitos sons ( ,patrokles1 ! bro!r ( ! great ,polykleitos4 ,naukydes & ,daidalos describe !mselves z sons ( ,patrokles 9 two inscriptions3 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #hf & #hh4 ,pausanias1 h[ev]1 calls ,naukydes a bro!r ( ,polykleitos & son ( ,mo?on3 ,,ii1 #bb4g4 #iag ,*eimon3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4c2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #hh2 ,fo]/]1 #bhe2 ,baukis3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4d2 ,hyde1 #gg2 ,fo]/]1 #cah2 ,eukles3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b2 ,hyde1 #eb2 ,fo]/]1 #big2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aei 7r5ew$74 ,naukydes' activity ext5d$ f ,ol4 #hc to ,ol4 #ie 7 #ddh-djj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 p4 #ci4 #iah ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #di4 #iai ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4a2 ,hyde1 #gb2 ,fo]/]1 #bfh4 #ibj ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b1 expressly di/+ui%es betwe5 ! eld] & y\ng] ,polykleitos2 9 speak+ ( ! /atue ( ! boy wre/l] ,ag5or1 he says t ,polykleitos1 ! pupil ( ,naukydes1 8n ! "o :o made ! /atue ( ,h]a10 fa%ion$ x4 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #ahf f41 gives 8 activity z ,ols4 #ih to #ajc 7 #chh-cfh ,b4 ,c474 #iba ,antipatros3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4f2 ,hyde1 #af2 ,fo]/]1 #cji2 ,ag5or3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b2 ,hyde1 #ec2 ,fo]/]1 #cee2 ,x5okles3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4b2 ,hyde1 #he2 ,fo]/]1 #cjh2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afd2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ij2 ,furtwa5gl] wrongly ascrib$ ! /atue ( ,x5okles to ! eld] ,polykleitos & t ( ,ari/ion to ! y\ng]3 ,mp41 pp4 #bbd-e4 ,loewy _h already assum$ ! eid] = ,ari/ion1 ,/r5a ,helbigiana1 p4 #ahj1 n4 #d1 & ?is 0 confirm$ by ! e>ly dat+ ( 8 victory 9 ! ,oxy4 ,pap4 #ibb ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4g2 ,hyde1 #afb2 ,fo]/]1 #eae4 ,on ?is sculptor1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,i1 p4 #bacg2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #dge2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #cah2 etc4 #ibc ,be=e #fjj ,b4 ,c42 ,rob]t1 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,v1 pp4 #aaei f42 cf4 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #aca & #bbb f42 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #hd f4 #ibd ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4a1 f4 #ibe ,antipatros ( ,sidon1 9 ,a4 ,pl4 7,,xvi71 no4 #bbj2 on ,ari/okles1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,ii1 p4 #icg2 ,rob]t1 ,ar*4 ,ma]*41 pp4 #ie ff4 #ibf ,longpri]1 ,notice des bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #ahfh1 no4 #fi2 de ,ridd]1 ,les bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #aiac1 ,pl4 #b1 #b1 & p4 #g2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #gh2 ,collignon1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,v1 opp4 p4 #cab2 von ,ma*1 #ah 7two views72 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bce1 fig4 #fj 7two views72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #baa1 fig4 #cig2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #hd1 #i4 ,= bibliography1 see ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 p4 #bgd4 ,x is only #c feet #d in*es tall4 ,! ,apollo ,philesios1 /ol5 f ,miletos at ! de/ruction ( ! city by ,d>ius 9 #dic ,b4 ,c4 7,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ai2 b ,p41 ,,viii1 #df4c1 & lat] writ]s wrongly say by ,x]xes2 see ,e4 ,mey]1 ,ges*4 d4 ,alt]tums1#b #aiab1 ,,iii1 p4 #cji71 0 re/or$ f ,ekbatana 9 ,m$ia 9 #cjf ,b4 ,c4 by ,seleukos ,nikator 7,p41 l4 c41 & cf4 ,i1 #af4c74 ,x is also m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,ii1 #aj4e4 ,! g5u95ess ( ! ,piomb9o /atuette has be5 assail$1 b ,ov]beck has prov$ x g5u9ely ar*aic3 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bb f42 cf4 ,ges*4 d4 gr4 ,pl41 ,i1 pp4 #bcd f4 #ibg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ge2 cf4 ,jex-,blake ad loc41 p4 #fj4 ,pausanias m5tions a c$> replica ( ! ,apollo at ,!bes3 ,,ii1 #aj4e & ,,ix1 #aj4b4 ,see p4 #ccf1 n4 #a4 #ibh ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,! ,types ( ,greek ,co9s1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xv1 nos4 #ae-af2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cab1 figs4 #aec-aee2 cf4 ,b4 ,head1 ,hi/oria ,nummorum#b1 #aiaa1 p4 #ehf2 ,ov]beck1 ,apollon1 pp4 #bc f41 & ,mu5ztafel ,i1 nos4 #bb f4 ,also on gems3 see ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xv1 no4 #fa2 ,b4 ,m4 ,gems1 no4 #gbj2 etc4 #ibi ,l4 c4 #icj ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #bji & ,pl4 ,i 7middle72 ,specim5s1 ,pl4 #ab2 ,annali1 ,,vi1 #ahcd1 ,pl4 ,d1 fig4 #d2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #add1 fig4 #bd1 & ,apollon1 p4 #bd1 fig4 #e2 ,murray1 ,i1 p4 #aic1 fig4 #di2 ,rayet et ,?omas1 ,milet et le golfe ,latmique1 ,pl4 #bh1 #b2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cac1 fig4 #aef2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 p4 #cah1 fig4 #cge2 von ,ma*1 #ag a2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ahc1 fig4 #cej2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #dge1 fig4 #bdb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #hj1 #i2 ,f[l] & ,:eel]1 ,hbk4 ( ,greek ,ar*ology1 #aiji1 p4 #cca1 fig4 #bea2 ,furtwa5gl]1 9 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #a1 p4 #dea2 ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #de1 ,bulle1 #bh 7middle74 ,a mod]n copy is 9 ! ,antiqu>ium1 ,muni*3 ,f4 ,w41 #ea4 ,x is #j4ahe met] high 7,bulle74 #ica ,r4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ij f4 7,/udniczka7 & ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,,iv a1 ,v2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cba1 fig4 #afa2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bci1 fig4 #fb2 ,mi*aelis 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxi1 #ahfc1 pp4 #abb f4 7,anzeig]74 ,x is #a4aa met]s 9 height4 #icb ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #bec1 fig4 #abb2 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 p4 #cf1 fig4 #h2 ,fra5kel1 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 pp4 #hd-ia1 & ,pl4 #g4 #icc ,! small bronze also f\nd !re1 #j4aee met] high1 belongs to ! same s]ies3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aij f41 & ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,x greatly resembles ! /atuette f ,naxos4 ,= a li/ ( replicas ( ! /atue ( ,kana*os1 see ,rayet1 tudes d'ar*ologie et d'art1 p4 #afd2 etc4 #icd ,on ! /yle ( ,kana*os & ! ,apollo1 see also ,kekul1 ,sitzb4 d4 preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 #aijd1 ,i1 pp4 #ghf-hja2 ,o4 ,muell]1 ,kle9e ,s*rift51 ,,ii1 p4 #ecg2 ,f4 ,w41 to no4 #ea2 ,brunn1 pp4 #gd f42 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #caj f42 etc4 #ice ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4c & #h4e2 ,hyde1 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #gh2 ,fo]/]1 #bif1 #cjj1 #bii1 #bij & #cje2 on ,alypos1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,i1 p4 #agaa2 ,brunn1 p4 #bhj2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #bhg f42 & cf4 ,p41 ,x1 #i4aj4 #icf ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4g2 ,hyde1 #aaf2 ,fo]/]1 #bia2 on ! sculptor1 see ,brunn1 p4 #bgg4 #icg ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4ac2 ,hyde1 #cd2 ,fo]/]1 #ege2 on ! sculptor1 see ,brunn1 pp4 #bib & #dai2 cf4 ,hyde1 p4 #cd4 #ich ,timon & ,aigyptos1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ih & #aja ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 ,hyde1 #ag1 #ah2 ,fo]/]1 #caj1 #cja2 ,ari/odemos1 ,ol4 #ih ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4d2 ,hyde1 #be2 ,fo]/]1 #cab2 ,eupolemos1 ,ol4 #if3 ,afr42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4g2 ,hyde1 #bh2 ,fo]/]1 #bid4 ,on ,daidalos1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,iv1 pp4 #bjjf f42 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #aia f42 ,brunn1 pp4 #ad f4 #ici ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4e2 ,hyde1 #bf2 ,fo]/]1 #cbe4 ,on ,damokritos1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,iv1 p4 #bjgj2 ,brunn1 p4 #aje4 #idj ,de9olo*os3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 ,hyde1 #e2 ,fo]/]1 #ccj2 ,hysmon3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4i2 ,hyde1 #ca2 ,fo]/]1 #cdg2 ,kritodamos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4e2 ,hyde1 #hj2 ,fo]/]1 #ccg2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afg2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #if2 ,alketos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4b2 ,hyde1 #hf2 ,fo]/]1 #cbj2 ,lyk9os3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,hyde1 #ajj2 ,fo]/]1 #ccf4 ,on ,kleon1 see ,brunn1 pp4 #bhe2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 to no4 #ie4 #ida ,troilos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cch & #cde2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aff2 ! dates ( 8 two victories1 ,ols4 #ajb1 #ajc1 are kn[n2 ,phil&ridas3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a2 ,hyde1 #aj2 ,fo]/]1 #cic2 8 victory fell ei!r 9 ,ol4 #ajb or ,ol4 #ajc2 ,*eilon3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4f-g2 ,hyde1 #da2 ,fo]/]1 #chd & #cib2 ,p41 because ( ! dat+ ( ,lysippos1 inf]r$ t ?is victor fell ei!r at ,*roneia 7#cch ,b4 ,c47 or ,lamia 7#cbb ,b4 ,c471 bo? ( :i* dates fall )9 ! work+ ye>s ( ! sculptor2 see ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 p4 #bdf2 ,polydamas3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #e4a2 ,hyde1 #dg2 ,fo]/]1 #bgi2 ,africanus gives u ! date ( 8 victory z ,ol4 #ic1 ?\gh ! /atue 0 set up aft] ! victor's dea?2 ,kallikrates1 ( ,magnesia on ! ,m&]3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4c2 ,hyde1 #age2 ,fo]/]1 #cij & #cig 7= two victories74 ,lysippos made two honor /atues = ,py!s ( ,abd]a3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab2 ,hyde1 #acd a4 #idb ,kallon3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4f2 ,hyde1 #ajf2 ,fo]/]1 #daj2 ,nik&ros3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4e2 ,hyde1 #aeg2 ,fo]/]1 #djh & #dac 7two victories74 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,iv1 p4 #bjac2 ,brunn1 p4 #djg4 #idc ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4e2 ,hyde1 #aha2 ,fo]/]1 #dja4 ,on ,daitondas1 see ,rob]t 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,iv1 p4 #bjae 7:o dates ! sculptor at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c41 because ( an inscrib$ base f\nd at ,delphi3 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ig2 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 ,i1 #bdgb72 cf4 ,s*midt1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 pp4 #aig-h1 no4 #eh2 cf4 ,brunn1 p4 #dah4 #idd ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4f f42 ,hyde1 #ae2 ,fo]/]1 #dbd4 #ide ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ea2 cf4 ,,xxxiv1 #gh 7= 8 image ( ! ,eurotas riv]72 ,,xxxv1 #ada 7z pa9t]74 ,! ,ty*e is m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4g4 ,_m copies ( ?is "w 9 m>ble1 bronze1 & silv] h be5 id5tifi$1 especially a m>ble /atuette 9 ! ,vatican3 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #aed2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #cfb2 ,f4 ,w41 #acif2 von ,ma*1 #bef2 etc4 ,= a li/ ( copies1 see ,r4 ,fo]/]1 ,jb41 ,,xii1 #ahig1 pp4 #ade f42 cf4 ,amelung1 ,fuehr] d4 ,flor5z1 nos4 #bfa-b2 & ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ix1 #ahhh1 pp4 #ge f4 & ,pl4 ,v 7silv] /atuette74 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,rob]t 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vi1 pp4 #aecb-c2 ,brunn1 ,i1 pp4 #daa f42 ,,ii1 p4 #aeg 7pa9t]72 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 pp4 #agb f42 ,collignon ,,ii1 pp4 #dhe f42 ,murray#b1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ced f4 ,rob]t1 l4 c41 gives ?ree o!r sculptors ( ! same "n2 cf4 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 nos4 #adc & #bdd-i2 ,homolle1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xviii1 #ahid1 pp4 #ccf f4 #idf ,krat9os3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4f2 ,hyde1 #bg2 ,fo]/]1 #dcc2 ,alex9ikos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4g2 ,hyde1 #ahd2 ,fo]/]1 #dch4 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,pl9y1 ,,xxxiv1 #he2 ,brunn1 p4 #dae4 #idg ,p41 ,v1 #be4ab-ac4 #idh ,p41 ,v1 #bg4h 7 jo9t "w ( ,onatas & ,kalliteles74 #idi ,p41 ,v1 #be4h f4 ,! base has be5 f\nd 9 situ ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus3 ,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,xvii1 #ab2 ,textbd41 pp4 #ade f4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #iej ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a4 ,hi]o won ?ree victories 9 ,ols4 #gf1 #gg1 #gh 7 #dgf-dfh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,hyde1 #aje2 ,fo]/]1 #aii1 #bji1 #bae4 ,! monum5t 0 d$icat$ 9 #dfg ,b4 ,c4 aft] ! dea? ( ! k+4 ,= ! sculptor1 see ,brunn1 p4 #hh4 #iea ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4d-e2 ,hyde1 #ij2 ,fo]/]1 #ahj2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adc4 #ieb ,philon3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4i2 ,hyde1 #ia2 ,fo]/]1 #afg & #agi2 he won 9 ,ols4 787 #gb & #gc 7 #dib & #dhh ,b4 ,c472 ,glaukos 7boy box]73 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4a-c2 ,hyde1 #ic2 ,fo]/]1 #acg2 he won 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 b 8 /atue 0 set up by 8 son at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,hyde1 p4 #db2 ,!ag5es3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4b f42 he won 9 ,ols4 #ge & #gf 7 #dhj & #dgf ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,hyde1 #ajd2 ,fo]/]1 #aia1 #aif4 #iec ,= ! mean+ ( ! ^w 1 see infra1 ,*4 ,,iv1 p4 #bdc & n4 #d4 #ied ,!ognetos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #hc2 ,fo]/]1 #aic1 #aic ,n2 ,epikradios3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,hyde1 #aja2 ,fo]/]1 #bbh4 #iee ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,hyde1 #ajc & p4 #dd2 ,fo]/]1 #eai4 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,brunn1 p4 #if4 #ief ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4b2 ,hyde1 #acc2 ,fo]/]1 #cbg4 ,= ! sculptor1 see ,brunn1 p4 #if4 #ieg ,le*at1 ,au ,muse1 ,pl4 ,,xv2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhg1 ,pl4 ,,iii & pp4 #dc f42 ,bulle1 #bbf 7two views72 von ,ma*1 #ddb1 #ddc 7"r72 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 nos4 #e & #f2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #aih1 fig4 #dd 7two views72 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cjd1 fig4 #aea2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 pp4 #ebf-g1 figs4 #bga-b2 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,viii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aia4 ,:ile ,ov]beck & ,le*at reg>d x z ,attic1 mo/ s*ol>s call x ,aeg9etan4 ,! helmet is sep>ately made & fa/5$ on4 ,bulle dates x 9 ! fir/ decade ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,x is #j4bg met] high 7,bulle74 #ieh ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,vii1 #a1 p4 #bfj2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cjc1 fig4 #aej2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,ix1 #ahfi-gc1 ,pl4 ,,xviii2 ,kekul1 ,annali1 ,,xlii1 #ahgj1 pp4 #bfc f42 von ,ma*1 #dda2 ,f4 ,w41 #bbi2 = its /yle1 see ,rayet1 ,i1 text to ,pl4 #bf4 ,/udniczka1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aje1 n4 #dg1 believes t ! closely alli$ colossal m>ble head 9 ! ,museo ,torlonia 7no4 #eja7 9 ,rome is a copy ( ! colossal ,apollo ( ,onatas at ,p]gamon1 m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,viii1 #db4g4 ,! head ( ! ,zeus f\nd at ,olympia 7,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,pl4 ,i1 #a1 #a a7 has be5 reg>d$ z ,aeg9etan4 #iei ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cjf2 fig4 #aeb on p4 #cje4 #ifj ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #bjf2 etc4 ,brunn1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahgb1 pp4 #ebi f41 ref]r$ x to ! s*ool ( ,kallon2 cf4 also ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cjb4 #ifa ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #afi1 fig4 #ca2 von ,ma*1 no4 #ae 7"r72 etc4 #ifb ,aeg9a1 das ,heiligtum d] ,aphaia1 #aijf2 see ,tafelbd41 ,,ii1 ,pls4 #ajd 7,we/ ,gable71 #aje 7,ea/ ,gable71 7! p$im5t gr\ps 9 colors72 :5ce ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bbf1 ,pls4 #ej-ea2 cf4 also ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 pp4 #bad-ae1 figs4 #djj 7,we/ ,gable71 #dja 7,ea/ ,gable72 fig4 #cii gives an old] arrangem5t ( ! ,we/ ,gable /atues1 z set up 9 pla/] 9 ! ,/rasb\rg ,museum4 ,s9ce ,furtwa5gl]'s dea? new attempts at recon/ruction h be5 made1 notably by ,p4 ,wolt]s1 ,aeg9etis*e ,beitraege1 & ,d4 ,mack5zie1 9 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xv1 #aijh-ji1 pp4 #bgd f4 & ,,pi4 ,,xix 7,ea/ ,gable74 ,= v>i\s figures1 see von ,ma*1 nos4 #gh-hc4 ,see ,furtwa5gl]-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt4#b1 pp4 #ie f4 & figs4 #gd f4 #ifc ,:ile ,ov]beck dates !m ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c41 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bulle1 ,g>dn]1 & o!rs date !m ab\t #dhj ,b4 ,c4 #ifd ,hdt41 ,,viii1 #ic4 #ife ,p41 ,x1 #ac4 #aj4 #iff ,furtw41 op4 cit41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 #ie1 no4 #hb1 & ,textbd41 pp4 #bdh-i1 & fig4 #agh on p4 #bc2 ,b4 ,b41 no #bf2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #bbi1 fig4 #eb2 x is f ! nor? half ( ! gable4 #ifg ,furtw41 fig4 #bjd1 p4 #bdh4 #ifh ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypto!k1#b no4 #gh2 ,furtw41 op4 cit41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 #if1 no4 #cb1 & ,textbd41 pp4 #bbc-d2 ! figure on our plate to ! "r ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r41 no4 #gg & ,furtw41 op4 cit41 ,pl4 #if1 no4 #bi1 ,textbd41 p4 #bba4 ,no4 #gh %\ld /&1 h[ev]1 9 front ( #gg z arrang$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 op4 cit41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 #ajd1 & bo? %\ld be plac$ 9 ! s\? half ( ! ,we/ ,p$im5t & n 9 ! nor?4 ,= ! two figures 9 ,fig4 #ba1 see also von ,ma*1 #gh 7middle & "r74 ,= ano!r figure 7arm$ ) helmet1 %ield1 & spe>7 f ! ,ea/ ,gable1 see ,bulle1 #hf ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 no4 #hf 7=m]ly no4 #ef74 #ifi ,rec5tly ^! sculptures1 & especially ! lime/one 7 7 fragm5ts1 h be5 dat$ f #dij ,b4 ,c41 r ?an f #dhj see ,svoronos1 ,i1 p4 #ib4 ,! ,akropolis 0 de/roy$ by ,x]xes 9 #dhj ,b4 ,c41 b x is problematical if ) ! complet5ess record$ by ,hdt41 ,,viii1 #ec2 see ,do]pfeld 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxvii1 #aijb1 pp4 #cgi f42 ,dick9s1 pp4 #e f4 ,! next ye> ,m>donios de/roy$ ! city by fire3 ,hdt41 ,,ix1 #ac4 #igj ,see von ,ma*1 #be f42 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #fce f42 = details1 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse1 & ,s*rad]1 ,die ar*ais*5 ,m>morskulptur5 im ,akropolis-,museum zu ,a!n1 #aiji4 ,see also ,dick9s1 op4 cit42 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 pp4 #egd f4 & p4 #egg1 fig4 #bhi 7 ,au ,muse1 fig4 #bf71 & p4 #egh1 fig4 #bij 7 ,au ,muse1 fig4 #h72 etc4 #iga ,mon4 gr41 ,,vii1 #ahgh 7publ4 9 vol4 ,i1 #ahhb71 ,pl4 ,i & pp4 #a-ad 7,a4 ,dumont72 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,vii1 ,pl4 ,,xiv1 & pp4 #adf-g 7,le*at72 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ah2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cfj1 fig4 #ahb2 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 #c1 #d2 ,bulle1 #bbe2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #fda1 fig4 #cbh4 #igb ,s ,ri*>dson1 p4 #hc1 & o!rs4 #igc ,s ,bulle2 he dates x 9 ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 d\btless a little too e>ly4 #igd ,x is n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,a!ns3 ,kabbadias1 no4 #ch2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #ag2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahgd1 p4 #dhd & ,pl4 #ga1 1 a 7,k\man\dis72 ,sybel1 ,kat4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,a!n1 #ahha1 no4 #bijd2 von ,ma*1 #cea2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bjb1 fig4 #df2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #che1 fig4 #bjj2 ,f4 ,w41 #ii2 ,conze1 ,die attis*5 ,grabreliefs1 ,i1 #ahij1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 pp4 #e-f2 ,kir*h(f & ,curtius1 ,philolog4 u4 hi/or4 ,abh4 d4 k4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 #ahgc1 pp4 #aef f4 7& two illu/rations1 "o ( a second fragm5t72 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #ffd1 fig4 #cdb4 #ige ,! bread? ( #ad in*es at top w\ld become #cj in*es at bottom4 ,a second fragm5t1 app>5tly belong+ to ! fir/1 conta9s a "p ( ! leg3 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahgd1 ,pl4 #ga1 1 b4 #igf ,! same motive occurs on vases3 e4 g41 ,g]h>d1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 & ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclxxii4 #igg ,?is v l[ relief is ! mo/ p]fect ( ! old] ,attic grave-/el1 & dates f ! second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,kabbadias1 no4 #bi2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #ae & fig4 7#b4dj m4 high72 ,sybel1 op4 cit41 no4 #ccfa2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bjj1 fig4 #de2 ,conze1 ,die attis*5 ,grabreliefs1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #a1 p4 #d2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #da ,a2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #cda1 fig4 #ceh2 ,kekul1 ,die ant4 ,bildw4 im ,!seion1 no4 #cfc2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #aie1 fig4 #cga2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #aja4 ,ov]beck dates x at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ia & fig4 #dc1 ab\t #ebe ,b4 ,c4 ,= a duplicate /ele f ,ik>ia1 see ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,v1 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,i & pp4 #i f4 7,buck72 ,conze1 op4 cit41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b4 #igh ,dick9s1 no4 #fib & fig42 m5tion$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 pp4 #be & #cb2 discuss$ by ,r4 ,delbrueck1 ibid41 ,,xxv1 #aijj1 pp4 #cgc f41 ,pls4 ,,xv1 ,,xvi 7bottom74 #igi ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 #ahif1 ,pls4 #a1 #b 7& text by ,arndt72 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 ,pls4 #a1 #b2 ,rayet1 ,mon4 gr41 ,,vi1 #ahgg 7publ4 9 vol4 ,i1 #ahhb71 ,pl4 ,i2 id41 t4 d'ar*ol4 et d'art1 pp4 #a-h & ,pl4 ,i2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #cfa1 fig4 #ahc2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #aaf2 ,bulle1 #aig2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #fdc1 fig4 #cbi4 #ihj ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cgf1 fig4 #aic2 ,bulle1 fig4 #abh on p4 #ddj4 #iha ,brunn-,arndt1 ,gr4 und roem4 ,portraets1 ,pls4 ,,xxiii-,,xxiv4 #ihb ,gaz4 ar*41 #ahhg1 ,pl4 ,,xi4 #ihc ,cf4 ,arndt1 ,la ,glypto?que ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 text to nos4 #a & #b4 #ihd ,sammlung ,sab\r(f1 #ahhc1 ,i1 ,e9leitung1 p4 #e4 #ihe ,f\nd 9 two fragm5ts 9 #ahbb & #ahei-fj3 ,dick9s1 no4 #acdb1 pp4 #bge ff41 & fig42 ,b4 ,b41 #ba2 von ,ma*1 #ef2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bjc & fig4 #dg2 ,h4 ,s*rad]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxx1 #aije1 pp4 #cje f41 & ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,o!r ref]5ces are giv5 infra1 p4 #bfi1 n4 #i4 #ihf ,see ,haus]1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ed f41 :o discusses ! "q ( ! sex ( ! figure at l5g?4 #ihg ,s ,haus]1 l4 c42 foll[$ by ,rob9son1 ,cat4 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,bo/on1 no4 #cc4 #ihh ,e4 g41 ,g]h>d1 ,i1 ,pls4 ,,xx & ,,xxi4 #ihi ,see infra1 ,*4 ,v1 pp4 #bfi f4 #iij ,:ile ,s*rad] 7op4 cit41 p4 #cac7 dates x 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,dick9s f9ds x e>li] ?an ! remnants ( ! sculptures ( ! ,hekatomp$on &1 because ( ! delicate c>v+ ( ! drap]y & hair1 despite its ,attic features1 calls x 8typically ,ionian 9 its elaboration ( detail40 ,h[ev]1 ,i foll[ ,ov]beck's date at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7op4 cit4 p4 #bjd71 & believe t x repres5ts a "t ne> ! close ( ,ionic influ5ce on ,attic art4 #iia ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adf4 #iib ,( ! ,sp>tan hoplite & *>iot victor ,lyk9os1 :o won two victories 9 ,ols4 787 #hc & #hd 7 #ddh & #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a2 ,hyde1 #ab2 ,fo]/]1 #baa ,n2 ( ! pancratia/ ,timan!s ( ,kleonai1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ha 7 #def ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4d2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #gf2 ,fo]/]1 #bcb2 ( ! unkn[n ,arkadian box]1 m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4e1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #hj or ,ol4 #hd 7 #dfj or #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #gi1 & pp4 #ci-da2 cf4 ,fo]/]1 #bbb a1 ,hyde1 #gi a2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agd2 ( ! ,sp>tan runn] ,*ionis1 :o won 9 ,ols4 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca 7 #ffh-fef ,b4 ,c471 b 8 /atue 0 erect$ 9 ,ol4 #gg or #gh 7 #dgb or #dfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4b2 ,afr42 ,hyde1 #aaa & p4 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-f4 ,on two /atues ( ,lyk9os1 see infra1 p4 #ahg1 n4 #f4 #iic ,( ! ,elean box] ,satyros1 :o won two victories 9 ,ols4 787 #ajb1 #ajc 7 #cgb1 #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4e2 ,hyde1 #ci2 ,fo]/]1 #cdb1 #cdh2 ( ! boy box]s ,tele/as & ,dam>etos ( ,mess5e1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #ajb & #aad 7 #cgb & #cbd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4d2 ,hyde1 #abg2 ,fo]/]1 #cgh2 & ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4aa2 ,hyde1 #acj2 ,fo]/]1 #cgc4 ,on ! sculptor1 see ,hyde1 p4 #ce4 #iid ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4e2 ,hyde1 #dj2 ,fo]/]1 #did4 #iie ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4h f42 ,hyde1 #aji2 ,fo]/]1 #ebi2 cf4 ,rob]t1 ,h]mes1 ,,xix1 #ahhd1 pp4 #cjf f4 ,on ! arti/ family ( ,polykles1 8 sons ,timokles & ,tim>*ides1 ,polykles ,m9or & ,tim>*ides ,m9or1 see ,rob]t1 l4 c41 pp4 #cjj f42 ,hyde1 pp4 #de-dg & table on p4 #df4 #iif ,e4 g41 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gc 7,bodas72 ,,xxxiv1 #gh 7,euphranor72 ,,xxxiv1 #ij 7,/h5nis74 ,9 ,,xxxiv1 #ia1 he gives a li/ ( arti/s :o made /atues ( sacrificantes4 #iig ,9 ! ,iliad1 ,i1 #dej2 ,,viii1 #cdg2 ,,xv1 #cga2 ,ais*ylos1 ,prom41 #ajje 7 72 etc4 ,on ! attitude ( pray] 9 ,greek art1 see ,l4 ,gurlitt1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha1 pp4 #aeh f4 7:o tries to %[ t ! ge/ures ( pray] & adoration 7 di/9ct72 ,sittl1 ,die ,geba]d5 d] ,gr4 und ,roem41 pp4 #cje f42 cf4 ,conze1 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 pp4 #a-ac 7on ! ,pray+ ,boy ( ,b]l91 ,pl4 #aj47 ,see also ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 pp4 #hj f41 s4 v4 adoratio4 #iih ,v1 #be4 #e4 #iii ,see article by ,p4 ,gir>d & ,j4 ,m>?a 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,ii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #dba f4 7li/s ( inv5tories ( objects consecrat$ !re74 #ajjj ,s*]]1 p4 #cc1 %[s t ! ge/ure 9 su* /atues 0 meant to invoke victory r ?an to pay ?anks = "o t _h be5 ga9$4 #ajja ,s*]] agrees ) ,philo/ratos1 ,vit4 ,apoll4 ,tyan41 ,,iv1 #bh1 t ! ge/ure ( ! "r h& ( ! /atue 0 "o ( pray]1 & argues f x t _m simil> /atues exi/$ !re3 p4 #ca4 ,r\se wrongly assumes t all su* /atues 7 votive3 p4 #agj4 #ajjb ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4g2 he won 9 ,ol4 787 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #h2 ,fo]/]1 #bcc4 #ajjc ,ol4 ,,vii1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #aeh4 #ajjd ,fragm4 no4 #bfd 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #ahc74 #ajje ,fragm4 no4 #g 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iv1 p4 #cjg74 #ajjf ,diagoras won 9 ,ol4 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a f42 ,hyde1 #ei2 ,fo]/]1 #bbj2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aea 7r5ew$74 ,= ! sculptor ( ! /atue1 ,kallikles1 see ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #aid f4 ,on ,diagoras1 see van ,geld]1 ,ges*4 d4 alt4 ,rhodi]1 p4 #dce4 ,ak\silaos won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 l4 c42 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #fj2 ,fo]/]1 #beb4 #ajjg ,bes*r4 d4 ,skulpt41 ,inv4 #fcjf2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha1 p4 #aeh4 ,r\se1 p4 #aga1 foll[+ ,s*]]1 pp4 #ca f41 d\bts if ?is /atue repres5ts ! attitude ( any ( ! ,olympic victor /atues4 #ajjh ,%e won two victories 9 ,ols4 787 #if1 #ig 7 #cif1 #cib ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4f f42 ,hyde1 #g2 ,fo]/]1 #cbf1 #ccc2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afj 7"h ! "n appe>s 9 ! uncontract$ =m 74 #ajji ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 pp4 #aea-b 7on no4 #cja ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afj72 he is foll[$ by ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 #ajaj ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hf4 #ajaa ,,xxxiv1 #gj4 ,= ! motive1 see ! small bronze 9 ,kassel1 repres5t+ ,aphrodite3 ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 ,pl4 ,,ix 7two views71 & pp4 #bdh-ej 7,w4 ,kle971 ?\gh its connection ) ,praxiteles mu/ n be press$2 also bronze /atuette 9 ,briti% ,museum3 ,bulle1 #a1 pp4 #ccb f41 & fig4 #ha4 #ajab ,describ$ by ,r4 von ,s*neid]1 ,die ,erz/atue vom ,hel55b]ge1 9 ,jahrb4 d4 ,samml4 d4 oe/]r4 ,kais]hauses1 ,,xv1 #ahic2 illu/rat$ by ,e4 von ,sack51 ,die ant4 ,bronz4 d4 k4 k4 ,mu5z4- und ,antik5-,cab9etes 9 ,wi51 #ahga1 ,i1 ,pls4 ,,xxi-,,xxii1 pp4 #eb f41 & cf4 ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha p4 #aee 7,gurlitt74 #ajac ,cf4 ,f4 ,w41 #aefb4 #ajad ,c4 ,i4 ,l41 ,,iii1 #b1 #dhae4 #ajae ,mp41 p4 #bij2 ,mw41 pp4 #ejf-g4 #ajaf ,bes*r4 d4 ant4 ,skulpt41 no4 #b 7= hi/ory & bibliography72 ,b4 ,b41 #bhc2 von ,ma*1 #bgc2 ,bulle1 #fd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dei1 #d2 cf4 ,conze1 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 pp4 #a f42 ibid41 pp4 #bag 7,furtwa5gl]72 ibid41 pp4 #bai f4 7,pu*/e972 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cda1 fig4 #fad4 ,a simil> attitude ( pray] appe>s on ! figure ( ,ph9eus on a r4-f4 ,attic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #adc f4 & ,pl4 ,,xii1 #a 7,flas*74 ,! /atue is #a4bh met]s high 7,bulle74 #ajag ,loewy1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #aija1 pp4 #cia f4 & ,pls4 ,,xvi-,,xvii1 by a comp>ison ) ! ,vatican ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #bi71 & ! ,naples re/+ ,h]mes 7von ,ma*1 #bcg2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #cfg1 #a71 has %[n its ,lysippan "*2 cf4 also ,mau1 l4 c4 9 next note1 ,bulle1 & o!rs1 :o ref] x to ! same s*ool2 ,bulle assigns x possibly to ,bodas1 ! pupil ( ,lysippos1 :o made a pray+ figure3 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gc2 simil>ly ,amelung1 9 ,?ieme-,beck]1 ,lex4 d4 bild4 ,ku5/l]1 ,,iv1 p4 #ahg1 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #deb1 & o!rs4 #ajah ,r4 ,m41 ,,xvii1 #aijb1 pp4 #aja f4 #ajai ,mu5*n] ,allg4 ,ztg41 #aijb1 ,nov4 #bi1 ,beilage1 no4 #big2 cf41 = 8 re/oration ( ! arms1 ibid41 #aijc1 ,beilage1 no4 #bgg1 p4 #dde 7quot$ by von ,ma* & ,bulle1 respectively74 #ajbj ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 fig4 on p4 #bag2 reproduc$ 9 ,a4 ,a41 #aijd1 p4 #ge 7,conze72 also on co9s1 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #bhf f4 & ,pl4 ,,ix 7,imho(-,blum]74 #ajba ,rev4 ar*41 ,sr4 ,,iv1 ,,ii1 #aijc1 pp4 #bje-aj1 #daa-ab 7,le*at71 & ,pl4 ,,xv2 reproduc$ 9 ,a4 ,a41 l4 c4 ,babelon1 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #aijd1 p4 #bjc1 ?\ght t ! /ele repres5t$ a se] 9 liturgic attitude z on c]ta9 co9s ( ,sikyon2 he argu$1 !re=e1 t ! ,b]l9 /atue did n repres5t an a?lete4 #ajbb ,e4 g41 ,levez[1 de juv5is adorantis ,signo1 ,b]l91 #ahjh1 p4 #ab2 & ,welck]1 ,das akad4 ,mus4 zu ,bonn1 p4 #db 7quot$ by ,gurlitt1 op4 cit4 9 ! next note1 p4 #aeg72 cf4 ,s*]]1 pp4 #cb-c4 #ajbc ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha1 pp4 #aed f4 7,gurlitt71 & ,pl4 ,v 7f ca/ 9 ,b]l973 x is #b4ah met]s high & #a4aa met]s broad4 #ajbd ,9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns2 discuss$ by ,kekul1 ,die antik5 ,bildw]ke im ,!seion zu ,a!n1 #ahfi1 no4 #aea2 illu/rat$ 9 ,exp$4 sci5tifique de ,more1 ,,iii1 #ahch1 ,pl4 ,,xli 7 f ,aeg9a74 #ajbe ,see ,o4 ,jahn 9 ,annali1 ,,xx1 #ahdh1 pp4 #bac f4 & ,pl4 ,k a 7 ,ore/es72 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxx1 #ahgb1 p4 #fj1 ,pl4 #df 7,heydemann72 ,gurlitt1 op4 cit41 p4 #aef2 cf4 ,sophokles1 ,aias1 #hae f41 to expla9 ! sc5e4 #ajbf ,see ,ri*t]1 ,gk41 ,etrusc41 & ,rom4 ,bronz4 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 #aiah1 no4 #hi 7#g in*es high7 & fig4 on p4 #ei2 ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 p4 #aae1 fig4 #gc2 publi%$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aije1 ,,ii1 p4 #bfd1 fig4 #a & ,pl4 ,,iv 7:o consid]$ x ,etruscan & n ,greek72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,iii1 #bd1 #c4 ,ri*t]1 op4 cit41 no4 #gi 7#aa-c_/d in*es high71 & figs4 on p4 #ec 7two views72 ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 p4 #ia1 fig4 #ed2 ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 ,cat4 ,anc4 ,gk4 ,art1 #aijd1 p4 #df1 no4 #cf1 & ,pl4 ,,liii2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,iv1 #cgj1 #f4 #ajbg ,on ! cu/om ( a?letes sme>+ !mselves ) oil & du/ 9 ! pal/ra be=e ent]+ ! wre/l+ mat*1 see ,lucian1 ,ana*>sis1 sive de ex]citationibus1 #bh4 #ajbh ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #add4 #ajbi ,sev]al cit$ by ,l4 ,blo*1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #hh f42 & especially "o 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 ,pl4 ,,iv 7r$-figur$ krat] by ,eu?ymides f ,capua1 n[ 9 ,b]l972 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 #ahic1 p4 #egj4 ,cf4 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bei1 ,mw41 p4 #dff4 #ajcj ,cf4 ,brunn1 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 pp4 #bja f4 #ajca ,mi*aelis1 pp4 #fja-b1 no4 #i2 ,bulle1 p4 #aji1 fig4 #ai2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #beg1 fig4 #ajg1 ,mw41 p4 #dfe1 fig4 #gg4 ,x is #a4fh met]s high 7,mi*aelis74 #ajcb ,x has ! same foot position z t on ! base ( ! /atue ( ! box] ,kyniskos1 by ,polykleitos3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adi4 #ajcc ,e4 g41 by ,f4 ,w41 #dfb-d4 #ajcd ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41#b no4 #cjb2 ,b4 ,b41 #acb 7 front view1 f ca/71 #acd 7left back view71 #ace 7 head1 f ca/1 two views72 ,bulle1 #ee2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,xi1 #ahgi-hc1 ,pl4 ,,vii2 ,brunn1 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 pp4 #bja f4 & ,pl4 ,,/1 #a1 #b2 ,f4 ,w41 #dfb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebb1 #b2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #heg1 #bagd2 = replicas1 ,furtw41 ,mw41 p4 #dff1 n4 #d & ,mp41 p4 #bei1 n4 #d2 ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 pp4 #ec f4 on no4 #hb2 etc4 ,x is #a4ic met]s high ) ! pl9?1 #a4hj met]s )\t 7,furtw4-,wolt]s74 #ajce ,! "r arm is wrongly re/or$ 9 ! ,muni* /atue2 its prop] re/oration is giv5 9 a ca/ 9 ,brunswick3 ,bulle1 p4 #aab1 fig4 #bj4 ,bulle1 h[ev]1 says t ! ,muni* /atue may be t ( a box] & n ( an oil-p\r] 7wre/l]74 #ajcf ,po9t$ out by ,kekul1 ,ueb] d5 ,kopf des ,praxitelis*5 ,h]mes1 #ahha1 p4 #h4 #ajcg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gb2 ,kle91 ,praxiteles1 #ahih1 p4 #ej2 id41 ,ar*4-epigr4 ,mitt4 aus ,oe/41 ,,xiv1 #ahia1 pp4 #f-i4 ,we h discuss$ x supra1 p4 #gg4 #ajch ,= ! ,m>syas 9 ! ,lat]an ,museum 9 ,rome1 see ,bulle1 no4 #ie1 & text1 pp4 #ahc f41 & ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 no4 #aagi4 ,see ,brunn1 op4 cit41 p4 #bjd4 #ajci ,b4 ,b41 #eeg1 text by ,sievek+2 describ$ also by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41#b p4 #cac4 #ajdj ,f4 ,w41 no4 #dfc2 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 ,pl4 ,,/1 #c2 ,b4 ,b41 #acc 7 front view71 #acd 7"r back view72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bei-fj1 ,mw41 pp4 #dfg-h2 = li/ ( replicas ( ?is torso1 see ,mp41 p4 #bei1 n4 #i1 ,mw41 p4 #dfg1 n4 #d4 ,brunn1 op4 cit41 p4 #bag1 ?\ght x a copy ( ! ,muni* /atue4 #ajda ,"o 9 ,tur91 ,f4 ,w41 #dfd2 ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 no4 #hb2 two /atuettes 9 ! ,vatican 7,braccio ,nuovo71 discuss$ by ,blo* 9 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ic f42 ,helbig1 ,guide1 nos4 #db & #dd4 #ajdb ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41#b no4 #deh2 ,cl>ac1 ,pl4 #heh1 #bage2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bfc f42 ,mw41 pp4 #dgc f4 ,x is #a4ed met]s high4 ,a replica is 9 ! ,vatican3 see ,furtwa5gl]1 l4 c42 we %all treat x lat] 9 ref]5ce to ! /atue ( ! p5ta?lete ,py?okles2 ,hyde1 #gj2 ,fo]/]1 #bie2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-c2 see infra1 p4 #add & n4 #d4 #ajdc ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #ead1 on p4 #ga1 & ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ae2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #ia1 #g2 ,mon4 gr41 ,,ii1 no4 #bc1 ,pl4 ,,xv & p4 #a 7ascrib+ x to ! ,argive s*ool74 ,x =ms ! basis = a mirror4 #ajdd ,furtwa5gl]1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahig1 ,,ii1 pp4 #abi f4 & ,pl4 #f 7influ5ce ( ,kalams74 #ajde ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 pp4 #cic f4 7,s4 ,re9a*7 & ,pl4 ,,xii1 #c 7?is %\ld be numb]$ ,,xiv1 #d2 see text72 ,potti] et ,re9a*1 ,ncrop4 de ,myr9a1 ,pl4 ,,xli1 #c1 pp4 #dej f4 ,x is #j4bje met] high4 #ajdf ,e4 g41 ,f4 ,w41 #agih2 relief f\nd 9 #ahcj 9 ,h]mione1 n[ 9 ,a!ns2 x is ( ! second or ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #ajdg ,e4 g41 on ! /one ( ,gnaios3 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cae f41 no4 #c2 ,pl4 ,x1 no4 #ab2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,die antik5 ,gemm51 #aijj1 ,pl4 ,l1 no4 #i1 & ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bda2 also on ! gem pictur$ by ,toelk51 ,erkla]4 ,v]zei*n4 d4 ant4 v]tieft ges*nitt55 ,/e9e d4 preuss4 ,gemm5sammlung1 #ahce1 ,klasse ,,vi1 #ajg 7 ,die ant4 ,gemm51 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 no4 #bd1 & ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bac72 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bfj1 n4 #f1 & ,mw41 p4 #dfh1 n4 #d1 :o m5tions x1 believes t ^! gems correspond m ne>ly ) ! ,dresd5 ?an ) ! ,petwor? a?lete type4 #ajdh ,! /rigil 0 a curv$ blade holl[$ out inside ) bo? edges %>p2 ! g5]al =m rema9$ l>gely ! same f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 d[n into ,roman days1 ?\gh ! curve & ! h&le *ang$4 ,! commone/ 7 ( bronze or iron3 see ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iv1 #b1 pp4 #aecb f41 s4 v4 /rigilis 7,s4 ,dorigny72 ,k4 ,fri$]i*s1 ,kle9]e ,kun/ und ,indu/rie im ,alt]tum1 #ahga1 pp4 #hh f4 ,examples 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york1 are giv5 by ,ri*t]1 9 ,gk41 ,etr4 & ,rom4 ,bronzes1 nos4 #hee f42 o!rs 7/rigils & h&les7 are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 nos4 #cbj-cbf1 #ffe1 & #bdbj-bded1 & figs4 #gd-ge1 p4 #cai2 on ! op]ation1 see ,kupp]s1 ,d] ,apoxyom5os des ,lysippos1 #ahgd4 #ajdi ,e4 g41 on an amphora 9 ,vi5na3 ,s*neid]1 ,ar*4-epigr4 ,mitt4 aus ,oe/41 ,v1 #ahha1 p4 #aci1 ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 ,i4 p4 #ccd1 no4 #be & ,pl4 7"r-h& fig472 on a kylix =m]ly 9 possession ( ,luci5 ,bonap>te1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,e #hc3 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclxxvii1 #b 7left-h& figure71 & p4 #ej2 ,murray1 ,designs f ,greek ,vases1 no4 #eh2 o!rs on :i* ! a?lete is cleans+ ! /rigil & n ! body are giv5 by ,h>twig 9 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,iv1 #aija1 p4 #aed & figs4 #agh 7,peleus on krat] f ,bologna71 #agi 7a?lete on ,b4 ,m4 vase m5tion$ above1 ,e4 #hc1 ?ird figure f left1 middle r[71 #ahj 7cup 9 ,rome1 ,museo ,gregoriano71 #aha 7jug1 ibid472 ,h>twig1 pp4 #aec-d1 m5tions an a?lete on a cup 9 ! ,museo ,papa ,giulio1 ,rome4 ,= ! motive ( an apoxyom5os on a vase 9 ! ,l\vre1 see ,h>twig1 ,die grei*4 ,mei/]*al51 pp4 #bd f4 & fig4 #b;a4 #ajej ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee1 #fb & #gf1 respectively4 #ajea ,pl9y1 ,,xxxiv1 #hf & #hg1 respectively4 #ajeb ,a li/ is giv5 by ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bfb1 n4 #b2 ,mw41 p4 #dga1 n4 #a2 a gem f ! ,h]mitage is %[n 9 ,mp41 p4 #bfb1 fig4 #aji2 ,mw41 p4 #dga1 fig4 #gi2 ,die antik5 ,gemm51 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 no4 #ai2 cf4 also ibid41 no4 #ah2 ,h>twig1 9 ! article cit$ 9 note #a above1 adds two m gems %[+ an a?lete 9 a simil> position1 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts3 p4 #aee1 figs4 #ahc1 #ahd4 ,"h ! y\?1 z ,h>twig aga9/ ! int]pretation ( ,furtwa5gl] makes cle>1 is cleans+ ! /rigil & n 8 body4 #ajec ,s ,j4 ,sievek+1 ,die ,bronz5 d] ,samml4 ,loeb1 #aiac1 ,pl4 #aa1 pp4 #bg f42 cf4 ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 ,cat4 ,anc4 ,gk4 ,art1 #aijd1 ,pl4 #ej1 ,b4 #dg1 & von ,duhn1 ,sitzb4 d4 ,heidelb]g] ,akad4 d4 ,w41 ,abt4 #f1 p4 #i4 ,x is #j4ji met] high4 #ajed ,von ,ma*1 #bce2 ,f4 ,w41 #abfd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #eae1 #f & #g2 cf4 ,,ii1 #b1 #edf1 #b2 etc4 #ajee ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv4 #fe4 #ajef ,infra1 pp4 #bhh f4 #ajeg ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 no4 #be2 ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 #gb 7#a4ic met]s high72 ,b4 ,b41 #ebc-d 7text by ,arndt72 ,bulle1 p4 #aaf1 fig4 #ba2 cf4 ,helbig1 ,guide1 ,i1 pp4 #bf f41 on nos4 #db & #dd 7/atuettes72 ,b5ndorf1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 #ahih1 ,beiblatt1 pp4 #ff f42 ,kle91 ,praxiteles1 pp4 #ea f42 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bfa-b2 ,mw41 pp4 #dfi-ga2 ,blo*1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ha ,f41 & fig4 on p4 #hc & ,pl4 ,,iii 7head1 two views74 ,! "r und]>m & h& & ! left und]>m & "p ( ! h&1 ! vase1 & ! basis1 are all mod]n re/orations4 #ajeh ,die antik5 ,gemm51 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 no4 #ag1 & text1 ,,ii1 p4 #bab2 ,mp41 p4 #bfa1 fig4 #ajh2 ,mw41 p4 #dgj1 fig4 #gh2 ,h>twig1 9 ,b]l4 ,phil4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xvii1 ,jan4 #b1 #ahig1 p4 #ca1 corrects ! mi/ake ( ,furtwa5gl] & ,amelung t ! a?lete on ! gem is cleans+ ! ?igh & n ! /rigil itself4 #ajei ,arndt dates x ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c42 ,furtwa5gl] ascribes x & ! ,dresd5 torso ( ! ,oil-p\r]1 already discuss$1 to an ,attic ma/] ( ! end ( ! fif? or beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #ajfj ,li/$ by ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bfb1 n4 #a2 ,mw41 p4 #dgj1 n4 #e4 ,especially ! r$uc$ m$iocre copy 9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo ( ! ,vatican3 ,helbig1 ,guide1 no4 #de2 ,cl>ac1 #hfa1 #bahc2 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ib f41 & fig4 #ajfa ,bulle1 no4 #fj 7:o dates x 9 ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & consid]s x a copy ( an orig9al /atue72 ,haus]1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,v1 #aijb1 pp4 #bad f4 & fig4 #fh2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #big1 fig4 #ecj2 cf4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,vii1 #aijb1 pp4 #ceb-c1 figs4 #a & #b4 ,x is #a4ibe met]s high 7,bulle74 #ajfb ,babelon et ,blan*et1 ,cat4 des bronzes antiques de la ,biblio?4 ,nat41 #ahie1 no4 #icd1 p4 #daa2 x is #j4jge met] high4 #ajfc ,discuss$ by ,p4 ,h>twig1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,iv1 #aija1 pp4 #aea-i1 figs4 #agf & #agg 7f\r views ( /atuette71 & ,pls4 ,v-,,vi 7two views ( ! head74 ,)\t its base x is #j4fgi met] high4 #ajfd ,x is 9 ! ,hamilton ,coll42 see ,b4 ,m4 ,cat4 ,engrav$ ,gems1 #ahhh1 no4 #cce2 cf4 ibid41 no4 #dcb1 a cut sc>ab f ! ,blacas ,coll41 repres5t+ a nude a?lete seat$ on a rock1 hold+ a leky?os & /rigil susp5d$ f ! "r h&4 #ajfe ,bulle1 no4 #bfe2 ,b4 ,b41 #fja 7text by ,l4 ,curtius72 ,h4 ,pomt[1 ,beitr4 z4 ,topogr4 v4 ,delphi1 ,pl4 ,,xii2 ,homolle1 ,socit des ,antiquaires de ,france1 ,c5t5naire #ahjd-aijd1 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,! figures are life-size 7,bulle74 #ajff ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei3 ,hic primus n]vos et v5as expressit4 #ajfg ,9 ! ,l\vre3 ,longpri]1 ,notice des bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #ahfh 7repr9t$ #ahgi71 no4 #bad2 de ,ridd]1 ,les bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #aiac1 ,pl4 #ai1 no4 #ahc1 & pp4 #cd f42 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 & p4 #bhj1 fig4 #aai2 text1 pp4 #bgi f42 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xxviii1 #c 7middle71 & text1 pp4 #dib f42 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ehh1 #c4 ,x is #j4ba met] high4 ,= ! same /yle & conception1 cf4 a /atuette f ,cyprus 9 ! ,cesnola ,collection1 ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york3 ,ri*t]1 ,gk41 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes1 p4 #eg1 fig4 #hg 7two views74 ,"h ! left leg is ! re/ leg4 #ajfh ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afd2 base reproduc$ 9 ,mp41 p4 #bgi1 fig4 #aah2 ,mw41 p4 #dia1 fig4 #he4 #ajfi ,see li/1 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bha f42 ,mw41 p4 #dic2 a complet] "o by ,lippold1 ,jb41 ,,xxiii1 #aijh1 pp4 #bjc-h4 #ajgj ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 pp4 #dad f41 no4 #bea1 & ,pl4 #df2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bha1 fig4 #abj2 ,mw41 p4 #did1 fig4 #hf2 ,cl>ac1 #hef1 #bafh4 ,z ! head & torso are ( diff]5t m>bles1 we really h p>ts ( two copies ( ! same orig9al4 ,9 recon/ruct+ ! /atue1 ano!r copy 9 ! ,gall]ia delle ,/atue is bett]3 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 pp4 #ehc f41 no4 #cib & ,pl4 #ef2 x has a head ( ,septimius ,sev]us ^u x2 ! position ( its feet is almo/ exactly t ( ! /atue ( ,x5okles m5tion$4 #ajga ,publ4 by ,miss ,a4 ,walton1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xxii1 #aiah1 pp4 #dd f41 ,pls4 ,i1 ,,ii1 & figs4 #a-e 9 ! text2 ,matz-,duhn1 ,ant4 ,bildw4 9 ,rom1 no4 #ajjj2 von ,duhn d\bts :e!r ! head belongs to ! trunk4 ,! /atue 0 acquir$ by ,wellesley ,college 9 #aije f a ,roman deal]4 #ajgb ,copies ( ! head-type are li/$ by ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhb2 ,mw41 pp4 #did-e4 #ajgc ,inv5t41 #efaj2 ,bronzi d',ercolano1 ,i1 ,pls4 #ec-ed1 p4 #ahg2 ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #g1 #d2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhd1 figs4 #aba a1 b2 ,mw41 pp4 #dif-g1 figs4 #hg-h2 ,b4 ,b41 #cci 7left74 #ajgd ,mp41 p4 #bhc2 ,mw41 p4 #die4 #ajge ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 p4 #daf4 #ajgf ,9 ! ,museo ,ar*eologico3 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 no4 #bfh 7& bibliography72 ,b4 ,b41 #bgd-gg2 ,bulle1 #eb-ec & #bjd-e 7head72 von ,ma*1 #abc 7front & back views72 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #dgi f4 & figs4 #bdg 7/atue71 #bdh 7head72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ehh1 #b2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhe1 fig4 #abb 7head72 ,mw41 p4 #dii1 fig4 #hi2 ,rob9son1 ,cat4 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,suppl41 no4 #aac2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bgb1 fig4 #dhh4 ,x is #a4dh met]s high 7,bulle74 #ajgg ,ueb] die ,bronze/atue des sog4 ,idol9o 7#di/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahhi71 p4 #aj4 ,he class$ x /yli/ically ) ! ,oil-p\r] ( ,muni* & ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos ( ! ,vatican1 :i* ,brunn _h call$ ,myronic4 ,he lat]1 h[ev]1 r5\nc$ 8 ,myronic !ory & m]ely call$ x ,attic1 because ( its resemblance to figures on ! ,p>!non frieze3 ,beilage zu d5 amtli*5 ,b]i*t5 aus d5 k4 ,kun/samml41 ,,xviii1 no4 #e1 ,juli1 #ahig1 p4 #gc 7quot$ by ,ri*>dson1 p4 #afa1 n4 #h74 #ajgh ,fe/s*r4 f4 ,b5ndorf1 p4 #age3 "h he assigns x n to ,myron himself1 b to 8 son4 #ajgi ,,ii1 p4 #cj2 he also admits its ,polykleitan features4 #ajhj ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*41 pp4 #gj f41 #aijb2 he assigns x to an arti/ ( ! ma/]'s circle4 #ajha ,mp41 #bhf2 ,mw41 p4 #ejj4 #ajhb ,cronaca1 pp4 #bi-cj1 fig4 #b 7 ,supplem5to di ,bollet9o d',arte1 ,roma1 ,,xii1 ,fasic4 ,v-,,viii7 #aiah 7,lucia ,m>iani74 ,cf4 review 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xxiii1 #aiai1 p4 #cai & fig4 #b2 & also ,m>iani1 ,r5d4 della ,reale ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 ,,xxvi1 #aiah1 pp4 #abe-ach1 & fig4 9 text4 #ajhc ,matz-,duhn1 ,ant4 ,bildw41 no4 #aaaa2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhg2 ,mw41 p4 #ejb4 #ajhd ,see mat]ial collect$ by ,/ephani1 ,comptes r5dus de la commiss4 impr4 ar*ol41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahgc2 cf4 ,fritze1 de ,libatione vet]um ,graecorum1 ,b]l4 ,diss41 #ahic4 #ajhe ,,ii1 pp4 #daf f4 #ajhf ,no4 #bgbc2 ,svoronos1 ,tafelbd41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,cxxi 7,,ci is a poor copy ( x72 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #bdj-bdb 7#j4de met] high2 #j4eg met] broad74 ,/as also reg>ds x z an ex voto to ,h]akles4 #ajhg ,x is brok5 away1 b its outl9e is cle>4 #ajhh ,kabbadias1 #bdh2 ,/as1 op4 cit41 p4 #hf2 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 #fbg & #fbh 7head alone72 notic$ 9 ,a4 ,a41 #ahhi1 p4 #adg1 & ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 p4 #bca 7,wolt]s72 ibid41 ,,xxxi1 #aijf1 pp4 #ceb f4 7von ,salis72 ,jb41 ,,viii1 #ahic1 pp4 #bbd f41 fig4 #c 7re/or$71 & ,pl4 ,,iv 7,may]74 ,x may be "o ( ! /atues se5 by ,pausanias 9 ! tem5os3 ,i1 #ah4f4 ,x is #a4ej met]s high )\t ! pl9? 7,may]74 #ajhi ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mw41 p4 #cgh1 n4 #c 7cf4 ,mp41 p4 #aif1 n4 #a71 p4 #fhe1 n4 #b & p4 #gcg2 he ascribes x to ,kalamis or 8 s*ool4 #ajij ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ha2 /atue also m5tion$1 ibid41 ,,xxii1 #dd4 #ajia ,9 ! ,national ,museum1 no4 #ab2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #cfb1 #cfc & fig4 7#j4ji met] high72 ?ree photographs1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxi1 ,pl4 ,,xxii2 a poor photograph 9 ,c>apanos1 ,dodone et ses ru9es1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,xiv1 #c1 & p4 #ahf4 #ajib ,9 ! /atuette x is b5t1 b its orig9al horizontal position is indicat$ by ! position ( ! h&4 #ajic ,two copies3 ,hettn]1 ,die ,bildw4 d4 ko5igl4 ,antik5samml41#d #ahha1 nos4 #gj1 #hh2 ,f4 ,w41 #abag2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp41 #caj-aa1 figs4 #aca-b2 ,mw41 pp4 #ecd-e1 figs4 #ig-h2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cad1 fig4 #efb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #aci1 #e-f2 ,m4 ,w41 ,,ii1 #ci1 #dei2 ,cl>ac1 ,,iv1 #gab1 #afie4 #ajid ,li/$1 ,mp41 p4 #caj1 n4 #b2 ,mw41 p4 #ecc1 n4 #c2 "o1 =m]ly 9 ! ,museo ,boncompagni-,ludovisi1 n[ 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 9 ,rome3 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #aci1 #g2 ,b4 ,b41 #cgf2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #acjh2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #bfe1 fig4 #aca2 von ,ma*1 #aig4 ,! orig9al mu/ h be5 ( bronze4 #ajie ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fi4 ,= discussion1 see ,f4 ,w41 note on p4 #dba 7to no4 #abag74 #ajif ,9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti1 no4 #big2 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #eji & ,,ii1 ,pl4 #ec2 ,cl>ac1 #dgi1 #iaf4 #ajig ,cf4 ,bes*r4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,b]l91 no4 #dd2 a poor torso ( ! type is 9 ! ,museo ,*i>amonti ( ! ,vatican3 ,amelung1 ,vat41 no4 #bie & ,pl4 #eb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #agc1 #b4 #ajih ,mi*aelis1 p4 #fji1 no4 #bd2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 #cj2 ,mp41 p4 #afc1 fig4 #fe 7front71 p4 #afb1 fig4 #fd 7pr(ile71 f an old ca/ f ! ,m5gs ,collection 9 ,dresd52 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xvi2 o!r replicas1 ,mp41 p4 #afa1 n4 #c4 #ajii ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 pp4 #bad-ag1 & fig4 #acj on p4 #bae4 #aajj ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gf3 ,ctesilaus doryphoron et ,amazonem voln]atam 7fecit74 ,b]gk long ago propos$ to alt] ?is "n to ,kresilas 7,zeits*r4 fu] ,alt]?umswiss5s*41 #ahde1 p4 #ifb71 & 0 foll[$ by ,brunn 7,i1 p4 #bfa7--;an em5dation accept$ by mo/ rec5t inve/igators4 ,! argum5t d]iv$ f ! ,amazon ( ,kresilas1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,,xxxiv1 #ec1 & app>5tly repeat$ 9 ! pres5t passage1 is /rong4 ,jex-,blake1 h[ev]1 f9ds ! "n ,ktesilaos a good ,greek =mation1 ?\gh uncommon3 see 8 note on p4 #fb4 #aaja ,mp41 pp4 #afa f42 ,mw41 pp4 #ccb f4 #aajb ,x is pla9ly visible 9 ! example f ,petwor? ,h\se1 & 9 ! poor "o lately 9 ! possession ( ! ,roman deal] ,abbati3 ,b4 ,b41 #hd 7f ca/72 ,bull4 del4 ,in/41 #ahfg1 p4 #cc 7,helbig72 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,ix1 #ahfi-gc1 ,pl4 ,,xxxvi2 ,annali1 ,,xliii1 #ahga1 pp4 #bgi f4 7,conze72 x is also visible 9 ! ,new ,york copy4 #aajc ,z on an ,attic fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 grave-relief f ! ,peiru3 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #aeg 7:o gives ! height z #j4de met] & ! bread? z #j4cb met]72 von ,sybel1 ,kat4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,a!n1 #ahha1 no4 #aga2 ,annali1 ,,xxxiv1 #ahfb1 p4 #bab2 ,conze1 ,die ,attis*5 ,grabreliefs1 no4 #ibi & ,pl4 ,,clxxx2 ,f4 ,w41 #ajag2 = simil> reliefs1 see ,annali1 #ahfb1 ,pl4 ,m4 #aajd ,mi*aelis wrongly dat$ ! orig9al 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,brunn fir/ recogniz$ its fif?-c5tury "*3 ,annali1 ,,xlvii1 #ahge1 p4 #ca 7apud ,leop4 ,julius74 #aaje ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #a1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #bdh2 ,bulle1 #afg2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #dib1 fig4 #bef2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #acej2 ,guide1 #ajea2 ,hekl]1 ,greek & ,roman ,portraits1 #aiab1 pp4 #he-hf2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #ecf1 fig4 #adf2 ,amelung1 ,museums & ,ru9s ( ,rome1 ,i1 fig4 #aef2 ,n4 ,scav41 #ahhe1 p4 #bbc2 ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xxxiii1 ,pr4 #b1 ,i1 #ahhf1 fig4 on p4 #dbg2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #dja1 fig4 #gdc2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #eej1 #aj2 ,re9a* classes x z an a?lete or ,h]akles4 ,x is #a4bh met]s high 7,bulle74 #aajf ,discuss$ infra1 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #bed-e4 #aajg ,= ?is reason ,helbig wrongly assign$ x to ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c4 #aajh ,ueb] die grie*4 ,portraetkun/1 #ahid1 pp4 #ab f4 7& fig474 #aaji ,,xxvii1 #i4 #aaaj ,philologus1 ,,lvii 7,n4 ,f41 ,,xi71 pp4 #a f4 & #fdi f4 ,kleitoma*os won 9 ,ols4 #ada1 #adb 7 #baf1 #bab ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4c2 ,hyde1 #adf2 ,fo]/]1 #dgb1 #dgf4 ,cf4 ,suidas1 s4 v4 4 ,8 /atue 0 set up by 8 fa!r1 & 8 victory sung by ,alkaios ( ,mess5ia3 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ix1 #ehh4 #aaaa ,cf4 ,pet]s51 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahih1 pp4 #ic-e2 ?is !ory ( ,wund]] is also reject$ by ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fji4 #aaab ,erect$ ab\t #dgg ,b4 ,c42 ,bulle1 #hd 7,ari/ogeiton7 & #he 7,h>modios72 etc4 #aaac ,discuss$ infra1 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #bbj-a & n4 #e on p4 #bbj4 #aaad ,see ,/ephanos1 ,lex41 s4 vv4 1 1 4 ,?is victor fillet is m5tion$ by ,lucian 9 ref]5ce to ! ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos3 ,philops41 #ah4 #aaae ,x541 ,symp41 ,v1 #i2 ,plato1 ,symp41 #bab ,e2 x appe>s (t5 on /atues ( ,dionysos3 e4 g41 on "o 9 ,furtwa5gl]'s ,samml4 ,sab\r(f1 ,pl4 ,,xxiii2 ,dionysos is call$ 9 ,soph41 ,o$4 ,tyr41 #bji4 ,! fillet 0 us$ z a brea/-b& = wom5's dresses3 ,pollux1 ,,vii1 #fe2 etc4 #aaaf ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 p4 #agg4 ,9 old] days ! a?letic fillet 0 call$ 7,lat4 mitella73 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,ix1 #hd2 ,i/hm41 ,v1 #fb 7( wool72 ,boeckh1 ,explic4 ad ,p9d41 p4 #aic4 ,9 ! ,iliad 0 ! kilt or apron worn ar\nd ! wai/ "u ! cuirass 7a be+ worn outside73 ,,iv1 #acg2 ,,iv1 #ahg2 ,v1 #heg2 etc4 ,x 0 us$ also lat] z a wre/l]'s girdle3 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xv1 #dd2 & = wom5's headb&s3 ,alkm41 ,i2 cf4 ,eurip41 ,bac*ae1 #hcc4 ,a?letes on vase-pa9t+s repres5t+ pal/ra sc5es (t5 we> ! fillet3 e4 g41 ! wre/l]s & o!r a?letes on ! ,philadelphia r4-f4 kylix pictur$ 9 ,fig4 #ej1 h r$ b&s 9 _! hair4 ,lat] ! 0 specially us$ ( wom52 if ( m51 x 0 a sign ( effem9acy3 ,ari/oph41 ,!smophoriazusae1 #afc4 ,! home ( ! appe>s to h be5 ,asia1 z x 0 commonly worn by ,asiatics3 see ,hdt41 ,i1 #aie2 ,,vii1 #fb 7headdress72 ,virgil1 ,a541 ,,iv1 #baf4 ,we le>n f ,alkman t x came f ,lydia to ,greece3 fragm4 #bc1 v]ses #fg f4 ,on x1 see ,bekk]1 ,*>ikles1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cic f41 & ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vii1 #b1 p4 #bjcc 7,brem]74 #aaag ,see ,f4 ,w41 on #cbb4 ,x appe>s on ! 8,apollo0 type ( e>ly sculpture1 e4 g41 on ! 8,apollo0 ( ,or*om5os 7,fig4 #g74 #aaah ,/ud4 z4 ,p>!non1 #aijb1 pp4 #a f4 #aaai ,,vi1 #b4b2 ,li*as won ! *>iot victory 9 ,ol4 #ij 7 #dbj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ad2 ,fo]/]1 #bgj4 #aabj ,p41 ,v1 #aa4a4 #aaba ,bulle1 no4 #bjg2 ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*41#b #deg2 ,b4 ,b41 #h2 "h x 0 inlaid ) silv]4 #aabb ,?is may1 h[ev]1 be m]ely ! rema9s ( a wrea? ( gold3 see ,rayet1 ,,ii1 text to no4 #fg 7,j4 ,m>?a74 #aabc ,bulle1 no4 #bjb2 ,le*at1 p4 #dhb1 fig4 #dd4 ,x is #j4bc met] high 7,bulle74 #aabd ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,liv2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbb2 ,wolt]s ?9ks ?is is sc>cely a victor fillet4 #aabe ,?is head1 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,leconfield1 is a replica ( ! same orig9al z ! "o 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum 7,pl4 #ae72 ,mi*aelis1 p4 #fji1 no4 #bd4 ,see discussion supra1 pp4 #add-e4 #aabf ,not$ by ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #afa4 #aabg ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4g2 he won 9 ,ol4 787 #hi 7 #dbd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #i2 ,fo]/]1 #gif4 #aabh ,a4 ,m41 ,,xix1 #ahid1 pp4 #acg-i 7,j4 ,zieh572 fig4 9 text4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,peiru ,gymnasion4 #aabi ,on su* repres5tations 9 art1 see ,/ephani1 ,comptes r5dus de la commission impriale ar*ologique1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahgd1 pp4 #bad-af4 #aacj 3 ,,vi1 #d4e2 ,s4 ,q41 #geg4 #aaca ,h]mes1 ,,xxiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #ddd f42 ,p41 ,v1 #aa4c4 ,rob]t is foll[$ by ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 #ahhf1 pp4 #ij f4 #aacb ,cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #aa4 ,figures ( a?letes appe> b5ea? ! ?rone on vases3 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,pl4 ,i1 #i & #af2 ,g]h>d1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,flas* has tri$ to %[ t ! ?rone figure did n repres5t ,pant>kes3 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #ajii1 #b2 cf4 ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 #ahij1 p4 #chj4 #aacc ,,vi1 #aj4f4 ,pant>kes won ! boys' wre/l+ mat* 9 ,ol4 #hf 7 #dcf ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ih2 ,fo]/]1 #bed4 #aacd ,among/ o!rs x has be5 assum$ by ,loes*ke1 ,d] ,tod des ,pheidias 79 ,hi/or4 ,unt]su*4 zum ,s*aef]-,jubilaeum1 ,bonn1 #ahhb71 p4 #cf2 ,s*oell1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahhh1 ,i1 p4 #cg 7,d] ,prozess des ,pheidias74 ,fo]/]1 p4 #ai1 n4 #a1 is aga9/ ! id5tification4 ,! is omitt$ 9 my victor li/s 7de olympionic>um ,/atuis74 #aace ,! is m5tion$ betwe5 victors nos4 #ch & #ci1 i4 e41 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,eretrian ,bull1 :ile ,pant>kes 7#ih7 is m5tion$ among ! /atues 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,*>iots3 see infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cdc & #cde1 & ,plans ,a & ,b4 #aacf ,cf4 ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 pp4 #cgh f4 #aacg ,cf4 ,do]pfeld1 ,baud5kmael] v4 ,ol41 p4 #ba & n4 #a2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #ci-dj2 ,fraz]1 l4 c4 #aach ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #eja2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes1 ,pl4 ,,vi2 ,b4 ,b41 #bga2 ,bulle1 #di2 von ,ma*1 #aag2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bei1 fig4 #dfa2 ,f4 ,w41 #eji2 ,annali1 ,l1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,a & pp4 #bj f4 7two views7 7,mi*aelis72 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #heh ,c1 #bahi ,a2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 #ca1 fig4 #acf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebd1 #b4 ,! palm-trunk %[s t ! ,roman arti/ int5d$ to repres5t a victor 9 8 copy4 ,x is #d ft4 #aj4be 94 high 7,smi?72 #a4dh met]s 7,bulle74 #aaci ,brunn1 foll[+ old] writ]s su* z ,w9ckelmann1 _h pron\nc$ x ,polykleitan3 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 pp4 #bah f42 cf4 ,murray1 ,i1 pp4 #cac f4 & ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,kekul call$ x ,myronian3 #di/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahhi1 p4 #ab2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 p4 #abh1 f9ds x unrelat$ to ,polykleitos & def5ds its ,attic orig94 ,ev]y?+ ab\t x--except ! mode ( ty+ ! fillet--diff]s f ! copies ( ,polykleitos' /atue1 & especially ! pose4 ,aga9/ ,brunn's view1 see ,mi*aelis1 ,annali1 ,,lv1 #ahhc1 pp4 #aed f4 #aadj ,s ,bulle1 ,arndt 7text to ,b4 ,b41 #bga71 ,furtwa5gl] 7,mp41 pp4 #bdd-e2 ,mw41 pp4 #ddd-e71 ,zimm]man 79 ,knackfuss-,zimm]mann1 ,kun/ges*4 des ,alt]tums und des ,mittelalt]s1 ,i1 p4 #aeb71 & _m o!rs4 #aada ,cf4 especially ! resemblance ( ! /atue to ! y\? on ! ,we/ frieze3 ,mi*aelis1 ,d] ,p>!non1 ,pl4 ,v1 no4 #i4 #aadb ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee1 praises x equally ) ! ,doryphoros1 & says t #ajj tal5ts 7 paid = x2 9 ano!r passage he says t a l sum 0 paid by ,k+ ,attalos = a picture ( ,dionysos by ! ,!ban pa9t] ,ari/eides3 ibid41 ,,vii1 #abf2 cf4 ,,xxxv1 #bd & #ajj4 ,a pa9t+ by ,timoma*os ( ,byzantium br\ght #hj tal5ts3 ibid41 ,,xxxv1 #acf4 #aadc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ef2 "h he quotes ,v>ro1 :o 0 draw+ probably f ,x5okrates ( ,sikyon3 see ,jex-,blake1 pp4 xvi f4 #aadd ,li/$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 pp4 #bci f42 ! torsos1 by ,pet]s51 ,b4 com4 ,rom41 #ahij1 pp4 #ahe f4 #aade ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #ejj2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes1 ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,b4 ,b41 #bgb2 von ,ma*1 #aad2 ,f4 ,w41 #ejh2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlix 7#c views72 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #cj2 ,collignon ,i1 p4 #dgi1 fig4 #bec2 ,murray1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,x2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edg1 #e4 ,mi*aelis1 by a comp>ison ) ! ,doryphoros1 fir/ %[$ t x 0 a copy ( ! ,diad\m5os3 ,annali1 ,l1 #ahgh1 pp4 #aj f4 ,x is #f ft4 #a 94 tall 7,smi?74 #aadf ,kabbadias1 no4 #ahbf2 ,bulle1 #ej2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 #ce2 von ,ma*1 #aae2 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,iii1 #ahif1 pp4 #acg f4 7,c\ve71 & ,pls4 ,,xiv & ,,xv2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #hd-he & fig42 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xix1 #ahie1 pp4 #dfj f4 7acc\nt ( ! ,delian excavations by ,l4 ,c\ve7 & ,pl4 ,,viii 7! /atue 9 its surr\nd+s at ! excavations72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bgg1 fig4 #dih2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edg1 #i4 ,x is #a4hf met]s high )\t ! base 7,c\ve74 #aadg ,discuss$ supra1 on pp4 #ib-c4 #aadh ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,viii-,,ix2 von ,ma*1 no4 #aaf a2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bda1 fig4 #ih2 ,mw41 p4 #dci1 fig4 #fh 7:o call$ x ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! copies72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dge1 #f4 ,! "r arm is wrongly re/or$4 #aadi ,li/$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 pp4 #bdj-b2 cf4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #abe f4 #aaej ,hettn]1 ,die ,bildw4 d4 ,antik5samml4 zu ,dresd51 pp4 #hj & #hf2 ,annali1 ,,xliii1 #ahga1 ,pl4 ,v1 pp4 #bha f4 7,conze72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pls4 ,x & ,,xi2 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xxv2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 #cf 7two views72 ,f4 ,w41 #eaa4 #aaea ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cdj2 ,conze1 ,beitraege zur ,ges*i*te d4 grie*4 ,pl4#b1 #ahfi1 pp4 #c f41 ,pl4 #b 7two views72 ,f4 ,w41 #eaj4 #aaeb ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #bgbi 7,add5da72 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,iii1 p4 #ade 7,c\ve72 ibid41 ,,iv1 p4 #gc 7,p>is72 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 #cg4 #aaec ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,vi1 #ahhe1 pp4 #bdc f4 7,murray71 & ,pl4 ,,lxi4 #aaed ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxix1 #aiai1 pp4 #fi f41 & ,pl4 #a 7two views71 & p4 #bcb 7) illu/ration ( ! palmette head-b&74 #aaee ,mp41 p4 #bdf1 fig4 #ii 7) orig9al head72 ,mw41 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #fi4 #aaef ,mi*aelis1 p4 #dch1 no4 #c2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hea1 #bahj ,a 7headless72 x is #a4di met]s high 7,mi*aelis74 ,he believes t x orig9ally 0 an oil-p\r]4 #aaeg ,mp41 p4 #bdf2 ,mw41 p4 #ddh4 ,x is #ab c5timet]s high 7,furtwa5gl]74 #aaeh 1 ,p41 ,,viii1 #dh4b2 cf4 ,a4 ,g41 ,,ix1 #ceg2 ,ari/oph41 ,plut41 #ehf2 ,!ophr41 ,hi/4 ,plant41 ,,iv1 #ac4b4 ,! cu/om ( us+ ! olive cr[n is probably v anci5t1 despite ,phlegon's /atem5t t x 0 introduc$ 9 ,ol4 #g 7 #geb ,b4 ,c473 frag4 #a 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #fjd74 ,p9d> says t x 0 introduc$ f ! l& ( ! ,hyp]boreans by ,h]akles3 ,ol41 ,,iii1 #ad f2 ,bac*ylides calls x ,aetolian3 ,,vii1 #ej 7 ' 74 ,x probably goes back to "s =m ( popul> magic4 #aaei ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cbd2 "h small leaves are /ill rema9+ ov] ! =ehead4 #aafj ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,,ii1 #b & #b a4 ,"h ! leaves h disappe>$4 ,see pp4 #bed-e4 #aafa ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 text1 pp4 #fe f4 7,potti]74 ,"h is li/$ a numb] ( fun]>y reliefs repres5t+ a?letes1 :i* li/ c\ld easily be enl>g$4 #aafb ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #abda2 ,guide1 #igg4 ,on ! motive1 see ,ar*aeol4 ,/udi5 ,h4 ,brunn d>gebr41 #ahic1 pp4 #fb f4 #aafc ,! 7,lat4 lemniscus7 0 m]ely ! wool5 fillet by :i* *aplets 7 fa/5$ on2 ,hesy*ios says x is a ,syracusan ^w2 9 any case x is us$ only by ,roman writ]s & ,greek writ]s ( ! ,roman age2 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xii1 #abc2 ,plut41 ,sulla1 #bg2 ,polyb41 ,,xviii1 #df 7:]e & are diff]5tiat$1 ?\gh !y are usually int]*angeable72 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #ecfa2 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #gd4 ,pl9y says t x 0 ( ,etruscan orig91 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxi1 #d1 & t x 0 at fir/ made ( wool or l9d5-b>k & lat] ( gold2 cf4 ,,xvi1 #be4 ,x 0 us$ at ,rome at fea/s1 z a sign ( special honor to gue/s3 ,plaut41 ,pseudolus1 7l9e #abfe72 ,livy1 ,,xxxiii1 #cc4b2 ,suet41 ,n]o1 #be4 ,= ! ,roman use ( ! lemniscus = a?letic victors & poets1 cf4 ,cic]o1 ,or4 pro ,sext4 ,roscio ,am]9o1 #ce1 #ajj2 ,ausonius1 ,epi/41 ,,xx1 #f2 etc4 ,on ! lemniscus1 see ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iii1 #b1 pp4 #ajii-aajj4 #aafd ,r4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahia1 p4 #cjd1 no4 #c4 #aafe ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,xvii1 #aiji1 ,pls4 ,,ii1 ,,iii & pp4 #bi f4 7,m]l9 & ,po9ssot74 #aaff ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #aged2 ,b4 ,b41 #df2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes1 ,pl4 ,,xxii2 ,collignon1 ,i1 fig4 #bee1 on p4 #ejj2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #beb1 fig4 #aje2 ,mw41 p4 #deg1 fig4 #ge 7back view72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bge1 fig4 #die2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edf1 #i4 ,x is #d ft4 #aa 94 high 7,smi?71 i4 e41 #a4dh met]s4 #aafg ,helbig1 ,cat4 ,coll4 ,b>racco1 no4 #ii1 ,pls4 #ch & #ch a2 id41 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #ajhc2 sket*es ( ! ,we/macott & ,b>racco copies 9 ,kekul1 #di/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 #aafh ,no4 #bed2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahij1 pp4 #bjg f4 7,philios7 & ,pls4 ,x & ,,xi4 ,bulle1 #ea1 gives ! ,we/macott & ,b>racco examples side by side2 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxi1 #aiaa1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 we h ! ,we/macott1 ,b>racco1 & ,eleusis copies toge!r4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 pp4 #bej f41 ,mw41 pp4 #dec f41 ,helbig1 ,cat4 ,coll4 ,b>racco1 p4 #cf1 & ,pet]s51 ,r4 ,m41 ,,viii1 #ahic1 pp4 #aja f41 h add$ _m m torsos & heads z copies or v>iants ( ! orig9al4 #aafi ,see ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #ajhc4 ,its s(t expression & =ms l$ ,furtwa5gl] to d]ive x f ! ,praxitelean circle1 f ! p]iod :5 ,praxiteles 0 influ5c$ by ,polykleitos1 & to believe t x repres5t$ a div9ity1 p]haps ,triptolemos3 ,mp41 p4 #bee & n4 #b4 #aagj ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 ,catalogue ,anc4 ,gk4 ,art1 #aijd1 no4 #de1 ,pl4 ,,xxxiii2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bea1 fig4 #ajc2 ,mw41 p4 #ded1 fig4 #gc4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! van ,branteghem collection4 #aaga ,= ! ,dresd5 head1 see ,a4 ,a41 #aijj1 p4 #ajg1 figs4 #a a & #a b4 #aagb ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #beb1 fig4 #ajd2 ,mw41 p4 #dee1 fig4 #gd4 #aagc ,fir/ publi%$ by ,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxix1 #aiji1 pp4 #aea-b & figs4 #a a1 b2 m fully by ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ibid41 ,,xxxi1 #aiaa1 pp4 #ba f4 & ,pl4 ,i & fig4 #a4 #aagd ,nelson head3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xviii1 #ahih1 pp4 #ada f41 & ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,b4 ,b41 #edd2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xxxix2 ,capitol9e ,amazon3 ,mp41 p4 #acb1 fig4 #ec 7re/or$72 ,mw41 p4 #bib1 fig4 #ci4 ,a head ( ! ,capitol9e type has be5 wrongly plac$ on ! ,pheidian ,mattei torso 9 ! ,vatican3 ,mp41 p4 #acc1 fig4 #ed 7head72 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,b4 ,b41 #cej2 von ,ma*1 #aba2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dhc1 #a4 #aage ,b4 ,b41 #abh 7orig9al & ca/74 #aagf ,z1 e4 g41 9 ! bronze head ( a victor 9 ,naples1 already discuss$ 7,fig4 #be72 ,b4 ,b41 #cci4 #aagg ,e4 g41 ,furtwa5gl] & ,collignon2 ! latt]1 ,i1 pp4 #dii-ejj4 #aagh ,hypnos1 pp4 #cj f42 accept$ by ,wolt]s 7apud ,lepsius1 ,grie*4 ,m>mor/udi51 p4 #hc1 no4 #afd71 ,treu 7,a4 ,a41 #ahhi1 p4 #eg71 ,collignon1 ,pet]s51 l4 c41 ,kekul 7,idol9o1 p4 #ac71 ,furtwa5gl] 7,mp41 pp4 #beb-c1 ,mw41 pp4 #deh-i & #gdg71 & o!rs2 see ,philios1 op4 cit4 #aagi ,e4 g41 by ,philios 7op4 cit471 ,amelung 7,b]t4 ,phil4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xxii1 #aijb1 p4 #bgc74 ,?is scrap+ motive is se5 9 ! bronze /atuette 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 no4 #icd4 #aahj ,?is is inconsi/5t ) ! position ( ! h& 9 ! ,b>racco copy1 :i* is too f> f ! head4 ,?is 0 an old] view ( ,helbig1 ,r5diconti della ,reale ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 #ahib1 pp4 #gij f42 refut$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,pet]s51 ,helbig himself lat] 79 ! ,fuehr]71 & o!rs4 #aaha ,quot$ by ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxi1 pp4 #be-f1 z ! !ory ( ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9]4 #aahb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee2 = ?is !ory1 see ,mahl]1 ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*41 p4 #ej4 #aahc ,mi*aelis1 ,d] ,p>!non1 #ahgj1 ,block #aca 7f ! ,nor? frieze74 #aahd ,f4 ,w41 #affe2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bef1 fig4 #ajf2 ,mw41 p4 #dfc1 fig4 #gf2 ,m4 ,w41 ,pl4 #gj1 #hgi2 etc4 #aahe ,= li/1 see ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bed1 n4 #b4 ,= a re/oration ( ! orig9al /atue1 see ibid41 p4 #bej1 fig4 #ajb2 ,mw41 p4 #dec1 fig4 #gb4 #aahf ,,vi1 #d4aa2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adi2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ej4 #aahg ,^? ( ! ,elean p5ta?lete ,py?okles3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-c2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ia2 & ! ,epidaurian box] ,ari/ion3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afe 7r5ew$72 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ib4 ,! feet ( ! ,ari/ion 7 bo? flat ^u ! gr\nd4 #aahh ,t ( ! boy wre/l] ,x5okles ( ,ma9alos3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afd2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ij4 #aahi ,9 "o ( ! ,olympia ,zanes3 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ie4 #aaij ,on ! ,kyniskos basis !re are no traces1 z on t ( ,py?okles1 to %[ t ! orig9al _h be5 remov$ f ! ,altis & replac$ by a copy long be=e ,pausanias visit$ ,olympia4 #aaia ,o4 ,s41 p4 #ahf1 on ! basis ( ! ,oxy4 ,pap42 foll[$ by ,hyde1 #de4 ,fo]/]'s date1 ,ol4 787 #hf 7 #dcf ,b4 ,c471 foll[s ! e>li] dat+ ( ,polykleitos by ,rob]t1 ,ar*4 ,ma]*51 #ahhf1 p4 #ajg1 i4 e41 be=e ! discov]y ( ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyrus2 see ,fo]/]1 #bee4 ,rob]t lat] dat$ ! bir? ( ! sculptor ab\t ,ol4 #ge4d 7 #dgg ,b4 ,c474 ,?us1 ev5 if ! ,kyniskos 7 8 e>lie/ /atue1 x mu/ h be5 erect$ "s "t aft] ! victory4 ,furtwa5gl] dates ! orig9al ( ! ,we/macott ,a?lete ab\t #ddj ,b4 ,c43 ,mp41 p4 #beb4 #aaib ,bulle1 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 & o!rs f9d ! assumption ( id5tity n completely conv9c+4 ,?us ,furtwa5gl] looks ^u ! id5tification z 8no f>-fet*$ !ory10 b says3 8,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 absolute c]ta9ty c sc>cely be atta9$0 7,mp41 pp4 #bdi-ej74 #aaic ,,viii1 #dh4b2 cf4 ,vitruv41 de ,ar*41 ,,ix1 #a 7p4 #bab74 #aaid ,hom] m5tions ! palm3 e4 g41 ,od41 ,,vi1 #afc2 ! v>i\s k9ds ( palm are giv5 by ,!ophr41 ,hi/4 ,plant41 ,,ii1 #f4f & #h4d4 ,its fronds 71 cf4 ,hdt41 ,,vii1 #fi7 7 =m$ into victory cr[ns3 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,viii1 #d1 p4 #gbc4 #aaie ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ge4 #aaif ,ar*4 ,/ud4 ,h4 ,brunn d>gehra*t1 #ahic1 pp4 #fb f4 #aaig ,mp41 p4 #bef & n4 #a2 ,mw41 p4 #dfb & n4 #b4 #aaih ,cf4 ,wald/e91 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 p4 #ahg1 n4 #a4 #aaii ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 ,,pi4 ,,iii4 ,see supra1 p4 #aee4 #abjj ,s ,wald/e91 l4 c41 p4 #ahf4 #abja ,e4 g41 on a ,pana!naic vase3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 #dh1 e1 g4 #abjb ,m5tion$ by ,helbig1 ,guide1 #igg2 discuss$ by ,arndt 9 ,la ,glypto?que ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 text to ,pls4 ,,xxi-,,iv4 ,arndt believes t ! "r arm ) ! palm 9 ! h& is mod]n1 l ! head & left arm2 !y are ( a diff]5t m>ble f ! torso4 ,! torso is a replica ( a /atue 9 ! ,villa ,albani1 ,rome3 op4 cit41 fig4 #ac2 cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mw41 p4 #gch 7 god type74 ,on repres5t+ a?letes 9 ! act ( plac+ wrea?s on _! heads ) ! "r h& & hold+ palm-bran*es 9 ! left1 see ,mil*hoef]1 & o!rs1 9 ! "w already cit$1 ,ar*4 ,/ud4 ,h4 ,brunn d>gebra*t1 pp4 #fb f4 #abjc ,,vi1 #aj4d4 ,! s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,,ix1 #a1 ,boeckh1 p4 #dja1 says t ! hoplites ran ) bronze %ields4 #abjd ,see supra1 pp4 #aje1 n4 #c1 & #aaf4 #abje ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4g4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #ha 7 #def ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #aag2 ,fo]/]1 #ahd4 #abjf ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,,ix1 ,inscript4 a4 ,boeckh1 p4 #dja4 #abjg ,head ,a3 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #bi f42 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #a-d2 ,ausgrab4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 #ahha1 pp4 #ab f41 ,pls4 ,,xviii 7front71 ,,xix 7side72 ,f4 ,w41 #caf2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #aih-i & cf4 p4 #agh4 ,head ,b3 ,bildw41 pp4 #ca f41 & ,pl4 ,,vi1 #i-aj2 ,ausgrab41 p4 #ac2 ,ov]beck1 p4 #agh2 ,f4 ,w41 #cae4 #abjh ,bildw41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #e-f2 fig4 #cj1 on p4 #cj 9 ,textbd42 ,ausgrab41 ,v1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 #d & p4 #ab2 ,f4 ,w41 #cag4 #abji ,bildw41 ,textbd41 fig4 #ca1 on p4 #cj4 #abaj ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 fig4 #cb1 on p4 #ca4 #abaa ,ibid41 pp4 #ca f41 & ,pl4 ,,vi1 #g-h2 ,ausgrab4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 #e & p4 #ab2 ,f4 ,w41 #cai4 ,bo? ! foot & arm are ( ,p>ian m>ble1 l ! head4 #abab ,hyde1 pp4 #db-d2 cf4 ,fo]/]1 #aea1 #aee2 he also won ! /ade-race at ,delphi3 ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,x1 #ab-af4 ,rob]t accepts my ascription3 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vi1 p4 #adic4 ,liddell & ,scott1 ,lexicon1 s4 v4 7 8,bri/le071 believe ?is to be ! "n n ( ! victor b ( 8 horse1 s call$ because ( 8 long out/&+ mane2 cf4 ,h]rmann1 ,opuscula1 ,,vii1 #aff n4 ,?is is also ! int]pretation ( ,s&ys1 ,odes ( ,p9d>1 ,loeb ,libr>y1 #aiae1 p4 #bia1 n4 #a4 #abac ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4d-e2 ,r4 ,fo]/]1 ,das ,portraet 9 d4 gr4 ,pla/ik1 #ahhb1 p4 #bb1 n4 #e4 #abad ,treu1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #dh f42 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #cd & n4 #b4 ,he expla9$ ! %ield device ( ! ram & ,phrixos by ! fact t ,ep]a/os trac$ 8 desc5t f t h]o4 ,cf4 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #aih4 #abae ,,vi1 #ag4e2 ,hyde1 #ahc & p4 #fb2 ,fo]/]1 #gfe 7undat$74 #abaf ,preus4 ,jb41 ,,li1 p4 #chb2 cf4 ,sammlung ,sab\r(f1 ,e9leitung zu d5 ,skulptur51 p4 #e1 n4 #d2 foll[$ by ,flas*1 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #aajd ,u f4 #abag ,v1 #bg4g4 #abah ,textbd41 pp4 #ca-b4 #abai ,hyde1 l4 c4 ,= ! date1 see ,afr2 ,fo]/]1 #add-f2 he 0 ! fir/ ,olympic 1 i4 e41 he ga9$ victories 9 ?ree ev5ts on ! same day 7/ade-1 d\ble /ade- & hoplite-races74 #abbj ,matz-,duhn1 ,ant4 ,bildw41 no4 #ajig2 "h x is call$ a diskobolos2 ,cl>ac1 #hcj1 #bjhe2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bjd2 ,mw41 p4 #cib4 #abba ,haus]1 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aja1 n4 #bd1 po9ts out its resemblance to ! ,tueb+5 bronze1 b because ( ! tree-trunk does n reg>d x z a repres5tation ( a hoplitodrome4 ,furtwa5gl]1 l4 c41 reg>ds ! helmet z belong+ to ! head1 :ile o!rs believe x ali5 !reto4 #abbb ,no4 #gie2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,xi & pp4 #eh-ga2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #aje1 fig4 #ag2 cf4 ano!r 9 ,cop5hag53 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclxxxi4 #abbc ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4aj2 he won ! p5ta?lon "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #id & #ajc 7 #djd & #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ca2 ,fo]/]1 #cdg4 #abbd ,p41 ,v1 #bf4c4 #abbe ,v1 #bg4ab4 #abbf ,a4 ,z41 ,,xli1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #b & pp4 #bbg-h 7,mil*hoef]74 #abbg ,inv5t>1 no4 #fcjf2 m5tion$ by ,l4 ,gurlitt 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha1 p4 #aeh4 #abbh ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 no4 #bb2 a v simil> /atue1 no4 #be1 has no halt]es2 bo? are poor ,roman copies4 #abbi ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bag2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #c4 #abcj ,s s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vii1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #aeh4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a f42 ,hyde1 #fj2 ,fo]/]1 #beb4 #abca ,matz-,duhn1 ,ant4 ,bildw4 9 ,rom1 no4 #ajif2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 p4 #cdb1 fig4 #c4 ,?ongs appe> on bo? =e>ms ( ! ,polykleitan /atue1 copies ( :i* are 9 ,kassel 7,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bdf1 fig4 #ii2 ,mw41 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #fi71 & on a headless "o 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se 7,mi*aelis1 p4 #dch1 no4 #c2 ,cl>ac1 #hea1 #bahj ,a72 simil>ly on ! ,lysippan box] by ,koblanos f\nd at ,sorr5to1 & n[ 9 ,naples 7,fig4 #eg2 ,kalkmann1 ,die ,proport1 des ,gesi*ts 9 d4 gr4 ,kun/ #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahic1 ,pl4 ,,iii72 on ! bronze /atue ( a box] f ,h]culaneum 9 ,naples2 & on ! delle ,t]me ,seat$ ,box] 7,pl4 #af72 etc4 #abcb ,s int]pret$1 & rightly1 by ,wald/e9 7,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 p4 #ahf71 & o!rs2 ,jue?n]1 pp4 #fh-i1 ?9ks t ! object "h repres5t$ is a victor fillet1 be+ too %ort = ?ongs4 #abcc ,p4 #bf & n4 #b2 aga9/ him1 ,reis*1 p4 #dc2 ,hitz-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #egg2 etc4 ,oil-flasks ( v>i\s k9ds--leky?oi1 aryballoi1 alaba/ra1 olpai--are m5tion$ repeat$ly by ,greek writ]s2 e4 g41 1 by ,hom]1 ,od41 ,,vi1 #gi2 ,ari/oph41 ,plutus1 #haj2 1 ,ari/oph41 ,equites1 #ajid2 ,pollux1 ,,vii1 #aff & ,x1 #fc2 1 ,!okr41 ,,xv4 #aad2 7( lea!r71 ,!okr41 ,,ii1 #aef2 etc4 #abcd ,,vi1 #ad4f4 #abce ,,vi1 #i4a4 ,!ognetos won 9 ! boys' wre/l+ mat* 9 ,ol4 #gf 7 #gdf ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #hc2 ,fo]/]1 #aic & #aic ,n4 #abcf ,we h already 9 ! pres5t *apt] m5tion$ ?is 8,apollo0 9 connection ) ! /atuette f ,piomb9o 7,fig4 #ai72 ,/udniczka1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ii-ajj1 believ$ t x repres5t$ a victor4 ,see supra1 p4 #aai4 #abcg ,e4 g41 on ! bronze /atuette f ,naxos1 n[ 9 ,b]l93 see supra1 p4 #aai & n4 #e4 #abch ,boy wre/l]s especially wore caps 9 ! pal/r1 b n at ! games2 we see !m on ! wre/l] gr\p 9 ! pal/ra sc5e on ! r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni* 7no4 #gie7 already m5tion$4 #abci ,/u>t ,jones1 ,cat41 pp4 #fe-f1 no4 #h2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #gfi2 ,guide1 #dah2 ,b4 ,b41 #ebg 7& fig4 #f 9 text1 by ,arndt72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bjd1 ,mw41 p4 #cib4 ,helbig f9ds x ,myronian1 :ile ,furtwa5gl] consid]s x ,attic1 b non-,myronic2 = a copy 9 ,/ockholm1 see ,b4 ,b41 figs4 #g1 #h1 #i1 9 ! text to no4 #ebg4 #abdj ,i1 #ag4b4 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bjd1 n4 #f1 %[s t ! ,a!ns head be>s no resemblance to ! ,capitol9e4 ,fur!rmore1 heads on co9s ( ,juba diff] f bo? & %[ no trace ( ! complicat$ head-dress4 ,a m>ble head f ,%]%el 7 ,cs>ea7 seems to be an au!ntic portrait ( ,juba ,,ii3 see ,annali1 ,,xxix1 #aheg1 ,pl4 ,e1 no4 #b1 & p4 #aid2 & ,waille1 de ,caes>eae ,monum5tis1 #ahia1 title page 7vignette7 & p4 #ib 7quot$ by ,helbig1 ,guide1 l4 c474 #abda ,see ,b4 ,b41 text to no4 #ebg1 figs4 #a1 #b1 #c4 #abdb ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #igb2 ,guide1 #eie2 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,xii1 #ahhd1 ,pl4 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #bde-bec4 ,! mean+ is expla9$ by a simil> ar*ai/ic ,p>ian m>ble relief 9 ,wilton ,h\se1 ,wilt%ire1 ,engl&1 :]e ! y\? /&s be=e a /atue ( ,zeus1 wa%+ 8 h&s prep>atory to mak+ a ?ank-(f]+ to ! god :o gave him victory3 see ,mi*aelis1 p4 #fhj1 no4 #dh & wood-cut on p4 #fha2 ,arndt1 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 text1 fig4 #cc2 ,f4 ,w41 #bci2 its inscription is n g5u9e4 ,! same ar*ai/ic traits are se5 on a votive relief to ,zeus ,x5ios 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #adje2 ,arndt1 op4 cit41 fig4 #cd2 ?is is to be dat$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or ,a4 ,d41 because ( its inscription3 ,i4 ,g4 ,sic4 et ,ital41 no4 #iij4 #abdc ,see ,fabretti1 de ,columna ,trajani1 p4 #bfg2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dcc1 fig4 #adi2 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxiv1 no4 #h4 ,cf4 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #eag f4 #abdd ,cf4 ,reis*1 pp4 #db-c4 #abde ,cf4 ,philo/r41 ,h]oicus1 ,,xii b 7p4 #cae72 4 #abdf ,?us ,furtwa5gl] calls ! ,ince-,blundell head t ( a box] /atue3 ,mp41 p4 #agc1 & fig4 #ga on p4 #agb2 ,mw41 p4 #cdh1 & fig4 #dd on p4 #cdg4 #abdg ,cf4 discussion by ,g>d9]1 pp4 #dbe-f4 #abdh ,gorgias1 #eae ,e2 ,protag41 #cdb ,b4 ,9 ! latt] passage he says3 1 1 4 4 4 ,! box]'s swoll5 e>s are m5tion$ by ,!okritos1 ,,xxii1 #de4 ,! ^w seems to h meant a box] ^: e>s 7 batt]$ by ! gloves3 ,ari/oph41 ,fragm41 #gb2 ,pollux1 ,,ii1 #hc 7:5ce ,d9dorf corrects ! =m 9 ,poll41 ,,iv1 #add74 ,= ref]5ces1 see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #eaf-ag2 & cf4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #ac4 #abdi ,e4 g41 on a fragm5t ( a r$-figur$ kylix 9 ,b]l93 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #h1 fig4 #b2 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 ,textbd41 p4 #ij1 fig4 #ab2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dch1 fig4 #aec4 ,"h "o ( ! conte/ants 9 ! pankration is ble$+ at ! nose4 #abej ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #dee2 cf41 p4 #deg1 :]e he speaks ( le detail rali/e de l'oreille tumfie p> les c\ps4 ,= ! /atue ( ,agias m5tion$1 see infra1 ,*4 ,,vi1 pp4 #bhf f41 & ,pl4 #bh & fig4 #fh4 ,cf4 on ?is subject also ,neugebau]1 ,/udi5 ueb] ,skopas 79 ,beitraege zur ,kun/ges*41 ,,xxxix1 #aiac1 p4 #ce1 n4 #agb74 #abea ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b1 #b a2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbc2 etc4 #abeb ,see infra1 ,*4 ,,vi41 pp4 #bic f4 #abec ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,lxiii-,,lxiv4 #abed ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #a1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 #abee ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 no4 #gb4 #abef ,gaz4 ar*41 ,,viii1 ,pl4 ,i1 & p4 #he 7,rayet72 ,f4 ,w41 #dfa4 #abeg ,b4 ,b41 no4 #h4 #abeh ,bulle1 no4 #aje 7"r72 & fig4 #df on p4 #bje4 #abei ,a4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #ahia1 ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,v 7two views74 #abfj ,f4 ,w41 #eje2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #die1 fig4 #beb4 ,z ! swoll5 e>s d n occur on o!r copies1 !y are "h d\btless a modification by a late arti/4 #abfa ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 ,pl4 ,,xxxvi 7 copy ( fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c472 ,,xciv 7,h]akles or a?lete1 f ! ,tyszkiewicz coll41 ,skopasian 9 "*2 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 ,pls4 ,,cl1 ,,cli72 ,,xcv 7simil> to prec$+1 ?\gh lat] 9 /yle3 ,ttes1 ,pls4 ,,clvi1 ,,clvii72 ,,cxx 7copy ( head ( a?lete ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c474 #abfb ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 pp4 #bbh f42 fig4 #ada on p4 #bca4 ,miss ,ri*t] po9ts out its aff9ity to ! ,h]mes & assigns x to ! imm$iate influ5ce ( ,praxiteles4 ,?is fragm5t ( a /atue appe>s to h be5 trimm$ into its pres5t %ape 9 mod]n times4 ,miss ,ri*t]'s /atem5t 7p4 #bcj7 t swoll5 e>s are a *>act]i/ic :i* applies 9 repres5tations ( h]oes to ,h]akles alone is contradict$ by :at we %all say bel[ ab\t heads ( ,diom$es4 #abfc ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pls4 #fd1 #fe 7head72 ,b4 ,b41 #ge2 von ,ma*1 #bhf2 ,f4 ,w41 #adbe2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 #dh1 #baf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #aed1 #a-d4 ,rayet calls ! /atue t ( a hoplitodromos4 #abfd ,brunn1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahib1 pp4 #fea f42 ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt4#b1 no4 #cjd2 ,b4 ,b41 #abh 7left orig9al2 "r ca/72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #adg1 fig4 #fj 7f a ca/ ) mod]n re/orations omitt$71 & p4 #aej1 fig4 #fa 7head1 two views72 text1 pp4 #adf ff42 ,mw41 ,pls4 ,,xii1 ,,xiii2 text1 pp4 #caa f42 ,cl>ac1 #hga1 #bbai & #fcc1 #adch ,a42 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xvii 7ca/74 ,its ,kresilan orig9 has be5 %[n by ,brunn 7l4 c41 pp4 #ffj & #fgc71 ,flas* 7,vortraege an d] #da/5 ,philolog5v]samml41 #ahia1 p4 #i1 quot$ by ,furtwa5gl]71 ,loes*ke & ,/udniczka 7quot$ by ,furtwa5gl]7 & ,furtwa5gl]4 ,x also %[s ,myronic traces4 ,x /&s #a4hf met]s 7)\t ! base74 #abfe ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #aea1 fig4 #fb2 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xiv & p4 #cac4 ,?is & a head 9 private possession 9 ,engl&1 ,b4 ,b41 #edc 7?ree views71 are ! be/ & true/ copies ( ! lo/ orig9al4 #abff ,froehn]1 ,notice1 #abh2 ,b\illon1 ,muse des antiques 7/atues71 ,pls4 ,,ii & ,,iii2 ,cl>ac1 #cad1 #adch4 #abfg ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 no4 #afc2 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 #baj2 ,b4 ,b41 #cfa2 ,f4 ,w41 #deh4 ,x w be discuss$ fur!r on 9 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #ahj f4 ,! ,b]l9 replica is giv5 9 ,mp41 p4 #afg1 fig4 #fg2 cf4 text1 p4 #afe1 n4 #b4 #abfh ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #b1 p4 #bafc1 fig42 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #aee1 n4 #b4 #abfi ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 ,p4 #aig1 no4 #ab 7,b4 ,graef74 #abgj ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 #agca1 & ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #b2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes1 ,pl4 ,,xxi2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,xlvi2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,lx2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #bdj1 fig4 #abj2 ,wolt]s1 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #b & p4 #ed4 ,two o!r copies ( ! same orig9al are ! "o 9 ! ,capitol9e ,museum1 ,rome1 & "o f\nd 9 #ahgf on ! ,quir9al & n[ 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori !re4 ,b4 ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 p4 #ahi f1 & ,pls4 ,,viii 7,capitol9e bu/7 & ,,ix 7,quir9al bu/71 attributes ! type to ,skopas2 he is foll[$ by ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #bdj1 n4 #a2 cf4 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,gaz4 d4 ,b-,a41 #c;d ,p]41 ,,iii1 #ahij1 pp4 #cch & #cdj4 ,wolt]s tri$ to %[ t x 0 ,praxitelian4 ,b ! simil>ity betwe5 ^! heads & t ( ! ,lansd[ne ,h]akles 7,pl4 #cj & fig4 #ga71 :i* we ascribe to ,lysippos 9 ,*4 ,,vi1 pp4 #bih1 #caa1 is easily app>5t4 #abga ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #gch1 no4 #fcf & ,,ii1 ,pl4 #gi2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #ajh2 ,guide1 #aac2 ,b4 ,b41 #fji2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #cda1 fig4 #adf2 p4 #cdb1 fig4 #adg 7head1 two views72 ,mw41 p4 #ege1 fig4 #aji & p4 #egg1 fig4 #aaj4 #abgb ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r41 d4 ,glypt41#b no4 #bde 7! s-call$ ,l5ba* head72 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,grie*4 und roem4 ,portraets1 ,pls4 #cce-f4 ,see ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 = replicas 9 ! ,l\vre1 etc4 #abgc ,b4 ,b41 #cch2 ,helbig1 ,guide1 #fi 7 box]74 #abgd ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xxi1 #c2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bcd f4 & fig4 #ie2 ,mw41 pp4 #dbh f4 & fig4 #fe4 ,bo? ,furtwa5gl] 7l4 c47 & ,b4 ,graef 7,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bae & #bjb7 h %[n ! ,polykleitan orig9 ( ! type4 ,! =m] believes t x may h be5 copi$ f a /atue ( ,h]akles by ! ma/]1 :i* is m5tion$ by ,pl9y 7,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ef7 z at ,rome4 ,= o!r replicas ( ! type1 see ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bcd1 n4 #a2 ,mw41 p4 #dbi1 n4 #a4 #abge ,a4 ,a41 #ahhi1 pp4 #eg-h 7,treu1 :o ref]r$ x to ,polykleitos72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #ib & fig4 #dj2 ,mw41 p4 #abd & ,pl4 ,,vi 7he call$ x ,pheidian74 #abgf ,museo ,torlonia1 ,pl4 #bf1 no4 #ajd4 #abgg ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41#b no4 #bgb2 ,arndt-,amelung1 nos4 #hcb & #hcc 7text by ,flas*74 #abgh ,*abrias1 #c3 ,ex quo factum e/ ut po/ea a?letae cet]ique artifices 8 /atibus 9 /atuis pon5dis ut]5tur1 9 quibus victoriam ess5t adepti2 cf4 ,diod41 ,,xv1 #cc1 #d 7:o speaks ( 8/atues074 ,?is /atue 0 erect$ 9 ,a!ns aft] 8 campaign to aid ,!bes aga9/ ,agesilaos 9 #cgh ,b4 ,c43 ,x541 ,hell41 ,v1 #d4ch f4 7?\gh "h ,*abrias is n m5tion$ by "n72 ,diod41 ,,xv1 #cb-cc2 ,demo/h41 ,contra ,lept41 #ge-gf 7p4 #dgi72 cf4 ,ari/otle1 ,rhet41 ,,iii1 #aj4g4 ,*abrias seems to h be5 ! fir/ to ord] 8 troops to assume a kneel+ po/ure :5 receiv+ ! *>ge ( ! enemy4 ,^! tactics :5 us$ aga9/ ,agesilaos 7 s favorably reg>d$ by ! ,a!nians t 8 /atues 7 repres5t$ 9 ! attitude ( kneel+4 #abgi ,e4 g41 ,reis*1 p4 #dc4 #abhj ,see ,j\b91 p4 #df4 ,x probably took place "u ! re/or$ democracy ( ,klei/h5es4 ,! assass9ation ( ,hipp>*os took place 9 #ead ,b4 ,c4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ag1 says t ! gr\p 0 set up 9 ! ye> 9 :i* ! k+s 7 expell$ f ,rome 7 #eji ,b4 ,c474 #abha ,p41 ,i1 #h4e2 cf4 ,m>mor ,p>ium1 l4 #gj 7 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bcgd2 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,i1 pp4 #ecc f41 etc471 & ,lucian1 ,philopseudes1 #ah4 #abhb ,arrian1 ,anab41 ,,iii1 #af4ah 7he says x 0 ( bronze72 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gj2 re/or$ by ,seleukos3 ,val4 ,max41 ,,ii1 #aj1 ,extr4 #a2 by ,antio*os3 ,p41 ,i1 #h4e4 #abhc ,b4 ,b41 nos4 #cbf 7,ari/ogeiton71 #cbg 7,h>modios71 & #cbh 7head ( ,h>modios1 two views72 ,bulle1 #hd1 #he2 von ,ma*1 #eh 7bo? /atues7 & #ei 7,ari/ogeiton72 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #cfg f4 & figs4 #ahi 7gr\p7 & #aij 7head ( ,h>modios72 relief f ,a!ns %[+ ! gr\p1 ibid41 p4 #cfi1 fig4 #hh2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #aee1 fig4 #bg2 ,baum41 ,i4 p4 #cdj1 fig4 #ceg2 ,le*at1 pp4 #ddd-e1 figs4 #cf1 #cg 7re/or$ by ,mi*aelis72 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xxi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,f4 ,w41 #aba-d2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ecj1 #c 7,h>modios71 & #e 7,ari/ogeiton72 cf4 ,,ii1 #b1 #eda1 #e 7gr\p72 ,cl>ac ,v1 #hfi1 #bbjb & #hgj1 #bbjc ,a2 head ( ,h>modios1 ,annali1 ,,xlvi1 #ahgd1 ,pl4 ,g4 ,! height is ab\t #b met]s 7,bulle74 #abhd ,a4 ,m41 ,,xv1 #ahij1 pp4 #a f42 foll[$ by ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #aeb f42 ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 p4 #ih4 ,! diff]5ce is n only noticeable 9 ! head /ructure & treatm5t ( ! hair1 b 9 ! :ole "* ( ! "w4 ,:ile ,ant5or's "w is /iff & lifeless1 ! ,naples gr\p is full ( vigor4 ,= ! /atue ( ,ant5or 79 ! ,akropolis ,museum71 see ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #e1 #ahij1 ,pl4 #ec1 & pp4 #db f4 7,wolt]s72 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 ,pl4 #be1 opp4 p4 #aeb2 ,les ,muses d',a?nes1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,vi2 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ace f4 7,/udniczka71 & ,pl4 ,x1 #a 7head72 von ,ma*1 #bh2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 #abhe ,h[ev]1 "s ar*ologi/s /ill favor ,ant5or = ?is gr\p3 e4 g41 ,wa*smu?1 ,die ,/adt ,a!n1 ,i1 pp4 #agj f42 ,,ii1 #cic-h2 ,collignon2 ,le*at1 op4 cit41 & cf4 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xvi1 #ahib1 pp4 #dhe-i4 #abhf ,rhet4 praecept41 #i3 1 4 ,see ,brunn1 pp4 #aja-e2 cf4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #di4 #abhg ,! be/ re/oration is t ( ,mei] 9 bronz$ pla/] 9 ! ,ducal ,museum 9 ,brunswick3 ,bulle1 p4 #agb1 figs4 #ch1 a1 b1 c2 "h ,ari/ogeiton has receiv$ a be>d$ head4 ,= ano!r re/oration1 9 ! ,museum ( ,/rasb\rg1 see ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #baf1 fig4 #djb1 a1 b4 #abhh ,bullet9 ( ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,,iii1 #bg2 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xix1 #aijd1 p4 #afc1 ,pl4 ,,vi 7,haus]74 #abhi ,a vase by ,d\ris %[s a w>rior simil> to ,ari/ogeiton1 b 8 onset is fi]c]3 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 #ahic1 ,pl4 ,,xxi1 & ,textbd41 pp4 #bjf f4 ,= o!r repres5tations 9 art ( ! ,tyrannicides1 see ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 pp4 #id f4 #abij ,d>/ellung des ,m5s*5 9 d] aelt4 grie*4 ,kun/1 #ahii1 p4 xi2 cf4 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #abj1 n4 #b4 #abia ,cf4 ,dick9s1 p4 #bfe 7quot+ ! view ( ,furtwa5gl]74 #abib ,furtwa5gl]1 ,sammlung ,somze1 #ahig1 ,pl4 ,,iii4 ,he ascribes x to ,mikon & id5tifies x ) ! /atue ( ! pancratia/ ,kallias at ,olympia ^: base has be5 f\nd3 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol4 #adf2 ,hyde1 #ej2 see infra1 9 ! section on ,pancratia/s1 p4 #bea4 ,= ! ,pelops1 see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ix1 #b1 & ,,xi1 #a 7head74 #abic ,i1 #bc4i4 ,! inscrib$ base has be5 f\nd3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #cgf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ci4 #abid ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4a-c2 ,hyde1 #ic2 ,fo]/]1 #acg4 #abie ,ols4 #gb to #gf 7 #dib to #dgf ,b4 ,c472 ,hyde1 p4 #db4 #abif ,cf4 ,bulle1 p4 #dic1 on no4 #bbe4 #abig ,on ! orig9 & e>ly developm5t ( motion figures 9 ,greek art1 see ,bulle1 pp4 #aeg f41 & ! works cit$ on p4 #fgd 7notes to p4 #aeh72 especially1 ,j4 ,langbehn1 ,fluegelge/alt5 d] aelte/5 grie*4 ,kun/1 ,diss4 inaug41 #ahha2 ,f4 ,/udniczka1 ,die ,siegesgoett91 ,ges*4 e9] antik5 ,idealge/alt1 #ahih2 ,e4 ,curtius1 ,die knie5d5 ,figur5 d4 alt4 grie*4 ,kun/ 7#bi/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahfi72 ,eadwe>d ,muybridge1 ,human ,figure 9 ,motion1 #aijg2 cf4 also ,j4 ,lange1 op4 cit4 #abih ,9 ! ,museo ,ar*eologico1 ,flor5ce3 ,bulle1 no4 #aj4 #abii ,cf4 ! reali/ic sc5es ( wre/l+1 box+1 & runn+1 9 relief on ! ar*aic ,attic tripod vase f ,tanagra n[ 9 ,b]l91 dat+ f ! second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 pp4 #cj f4 7,loes*ke7 & ,pls4 #c & #d4 ,cf4 also sc5es f ! p5ta?lon on a ,pana!naic amphora ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ,leyd53 ibid41 ,pl4 #i2 etc4 #acjj ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,iii1 #ahgi1 pp4 #cic f4 & ,pls4 ,,vi-,,vii 7,homolle71 & ,v1 #ahha1 pp4 #bgb f4 7,homolle1 on ! arti/ & 8 fa!r ,mikkiades72 von ,ma*1 no4 #cb 7re/or$ 9 ! text opp4 p4 #bf1 fig4 #a72 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ea1 fig4 #ae2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 pp4 #cjj-a1 figs4 #abb-c & ,treu's re/oration1 p4 #cjc1 fig4 #abe2 re/or$ 9 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ahg1 fig4 #ceh2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #chi1 #e4 ,?\gh fir/ call$ an ,artemis by ,homolle 7because ( its resemblance to ! s-call$ ,ori5tal w+$ ,artemis on a bronze relief f ,olympia1 von ,ma*1 text1 opp4 p4 #cf1 fig4 #e71 x has g5]ally be5 call$ a ,nike s9ce its fir/ ascription by ,furtwa5gl] 7,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 pp4 #cbd f471 & br\ght into connection ) a base 9 two p>ts f\nd ne> ! /atue on ,delos 9 #ahhj & #ahha1 inscrib$ ) ! names ( ,ar*]mos & 8 fa!r ,mikkiades4 ,if ! connection ) ! base 7 c]ta91 ! /atue %\ld be ref]r$ to ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,b4 ,sau] 7,a4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #ahia1 pp4 #ahb f471 & o!rs1 h disput$ ! connection4 #acja ,n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,a!ns3 ,kabbadias1 no4 #a2 von ,ma*1 #bj2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #agd1 fig4 #cdj2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #dc1 fig4 #aa2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #fde1 #a4 ,its inscription %\ld date x ab\t #fjj ,b4 ,c4 ,x is ov] #f feet 9 height 7includ+ ! base3 von ,ma*74 #acjb ,bulle1 pp4 #aeg-h1 fig4 #cc2 de ,ridd]1 no4 #hjh4 ,x is #j4abc met] high 7,bulle74 ,cf4 simil> bronzes ibid41 nos4 #gii-had1 & also a fly+ h>py on a six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,ionic vase 9 ! ,univ]sity ,museum 9 ,wu]zburg3 ,bulle1 pp4 #aei-afj1 fig4 #cd2 ,furtw4-,rei*hold1 ,grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 ,i1 pp4 #bji f4 & ,pl4 #da2 cf4 also ! v simil> pose on ! small bronze /atuette 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( a w+$ ,nike repres5t$ 9 viol5t motion3 von ,ma*1 #cc2 ! m>ble torso ( ano!r 9 ,a!ns3 id41 text1 opp4 p4 #bf1 fig4 #b2 & ! bronze w+$ ,gorgon f ,olympia 7#j4ab met] high73 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,pl4 ,,viii1 no4 #gh1 text1 p4 #be 7& = ! type1 cf4 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 art4 ,gorgon5 9 d] ,kun/1 ,i1 #b1 p4 #agaj1 ll4 #fg f474 #acjc ,nike ( ,ar*]mos1 #ahia4 #acjd ,salzmann1 ,ncropole de ,camiros1 ,pl4 ,,liii2 ,bulle1 pp4 #afa-b1 fig4 #ce2 cf4 ,brunn1 ,grie*4 ,kun/ges*i*te1 ,i1 p4 #adb4 ,its diamet] is #j4che met] 7,bulle74 #acje ,see ,r4 ,kekul & ,h4 ,w9nefeld1 ,bronz5 aus ,dodona 9 d5 ko5igl4 ,muse5 zu ,b]l91 ,pl4 ,,ii & pp4 #ac f42 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 ,pl4 ,i & pp4 #bc-bg 7,engelmann72 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ag 7,s4 ,re9a*72 ,bulle1 #hc 7"r74 ,z ! figure is only #j4adc met] tall1 x seems to h decorat$ ! rim ( a bronze b[l4 ,x may be lat] ?an ! ,tueb+5 bronze 7,fig4 #db7 & is c]ta9ly ( a diff]5t s*ool4 ,! pres5ce ( a brea/plate proves t x is meant = a w>rior & n = a hoplitodrome4 #acjf ,= a full discussion ( ?is sculptor1 see ,le*at1 ,py?agoras de ,rhegion1 #aije2 cf4 ,s4 ,q41 #dhi-ejg4 #acjg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 #acjh ,,vi1 #d4c2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ch2 ,fo]/]1 #bjb1 #bjc4 #acji ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,hyde1 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #bjj4 #acaj ,,vi1 #f4d f42 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #ef2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg4 #acaa ,,vi1 #g4aj2 ,hyde1 #fi2 ,fo]/]1 #ahc1 #ahi4 #acab ,,vi1 #ac4a2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei2 ,hyde1 #aaj2 ,fo]/]1 #agf-g2 #aha-b2 #ahg-h2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ade4 #acac ,,vi1 #ac4g2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #aag2 ,fo]/]1 #ahd4 #acad ,,vi1 #ah4a2 ,hyde1 #ahe2 ,fo]/]1 #aic;a4 #acae ,reis*1 p4 #dc1 n4 #d1 wrongly assum$ ?is to be "o ( ! olde/ /atues ( ,py?agoras1 s9ce ! same sculptor made ! /atue ( ! son ,krati/h5es2 b ! son's victory 0 probably only two ,olympiads lat] ?an t ( ! fa!r1 z we h se54 #acaf ,,viii1 #dg2 ,s4 ,q41 #ejg4 ,diog5es repeats ! tradition t !re 7 two sculptors ( ! "n1 "o f ,rhegion1 ! o!r f ,samos2 also ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei-fj4 #acag ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 pp4 #ccb f42 cf4 8 ,essays on ! ,art ( ,pheidias1 #ahhe1 p4 #cbc4 ,! recov]$ base ( ,eu?ymos' /atue has no footm>ks3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #add4 ,wald/e9 is foll[$ 9 8 ascription ( ! /atues to ,eu?ymos by ,urli*s1 ,ar*4 ,analekt41 #ahhe1 p4 #i4 #acah ,b4 ,b41 no4 #edb 7two views72 ,furtw4 ,mp41 p4 #aga1 fig4 #gj2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #ahia1 pp4 #cac f4 & ,pls4 ,,iv1 & ,v 7two views71 7,p4 ,h]mann74 #acai ,mp41 pp4 #aga-b2 ,mw41 pp4 #cde-f4 #acbj ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,ii 7head72 ,annali1 ,,xlvi1 #ahgd1 ,pl4 ,l4 ,arndt1 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 p4 #fb1 d\bts if ! head belongs to ! torso4 #acba ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 no4 #gg 7 "o ( two /atues72 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,viii1 #ahfd-fh1 ,pl4 ,,xlvi1 #f-h1 & ,annali1 ,,xxxix1 #ahfg1 pp4 #cjd f4 7,b5ndorf72 ,arndt-,amelung1 nos4 #if-ih2 cf4 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxvii1 #ahfi1 pp4 #ajf f4 & ,pl4 #bd1 #b 7,b5ndorf1 ,tyrannicides on a ,pana!naic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 etc471 & ,,xxxii1 #ahge1 pp4 #afc f4 7,duets*ke1 gr\p ( two /atues72 ,re9a*1 ,rp4 ,,ii1 #b1 #eda1 #f4 ,bo? ,duets*ke 7,a4 ,z41 l4 c47 & ,furtwa5gl] 7,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,viii1 #ahhh1 p4 #addh7 h %[n t x repres5ts an a?lete4 #acbb ,mi*aelis1 p4 #ddf1 no4 #cf2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hef1 #bahj4 ,furtwa5gl] believes ! /atue lat] 9 /yle ?an ! ,l\vre box]4 #acbc ,e4 g41 ,p4 ,h]mann1 op4 cit41 pp4 #ccb-c2 ,arndt1 text to ,b4 ,b41 no4 #edb4 #acbd ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cfa2 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 #baj2 ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 #afc2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #afe f4 & fig4 #ff 7two views72 ,mw41 pp4 #cci f4 & ,pl4 ,,xvii 7f a ca/72 ,f4 ,w41 #deh4 ,= ?ree replicas ( ! ,ricc>di type1 see ,arndt1 text to ,b4 ,b41 #edb4 ,furtwa5gl] believ$ ?is head a prototype ( ! ,diom$es ( ,kresilas kn[n to u f copies 9 ,muni* 7,pl4 ,,xxi72 ,mw41 pp4 #caa f4 & ,pls4 ,,xii1 ,,xiii2 ,mp41 pp4 #adf f4 & figs4 #fj 7body71 & #fa 7head1 two views72 ,b4 ,b41 #abh2 ,brunn1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahib1 pp4 #fea f42 9 ,p>is3 ,froehn]1 ,notice1 no4 #abh2 ,cl>ac1 #cad1 #adch2 & else:]e4 ,see supra p4 #afi4 #acbe ,mi*aelis1 p4 #cfg1 no4 #aeb2 ,mp41 p4 #agb1 fig4 #ga2 ,mw41 p4 #cdg1 fig4 #dd2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxi1 #ahgd1 ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,f4 ,w41 #dei4 ,kekul 0 ! fir/ to class x z ,myronian3 ,ueb] d4 ,kopf des ,praxitel4 ,h]mes1 p4 #ab1 #a 7quot$ by ,f4 ,w41 l4 c474 ,graef curi\sly f\nd x ,pheidian3 ,aus d4 ,anomia1 p4 #fi1 #fc4 #acbf ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eh2 cf4 ,mp41 p4 #agc4 #acbg ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 ,pl4 ,,xxxvi & p4 #fj2 ! o!r1 unpubli%$1 is m5tion$ ibid4 ,he also adds ! ca/ ( a lo/ orig9al /atue ( a box] 9 ! ,royal ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,cop5hag51 ^: head belongs /yli/ically to ! same s]ies3 ibid41 pp4 #fj-fa1 & figs4 #cj 7head71 #ca-cb 7body74 ,if ! head & body belong toge!r x is ! only /atu>y type ( ! gr\p4 #acbh ,kies]itzky1 ,kat4 d4 ,ermitage1 #aija1 p4 #bg1 no4 #fh2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #agg1 fig4 #gd2 ,mw41 p4 #cec fig4 #df 7two views74 #acbi ,mp41 p4 #agf1 fig4 #gc2 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,xx 7two views74 #accj ,text to ,b4 ,b41 no4 #edb2 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 text to ,pl4 ,,xxxvi1 p4 #fj4 #acca ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 #afjc1 ,pl4 ,v1 fig4 #a2 ,b4 ,b41 #bbd2 ,f4 ,w41 #dfj4 #accb ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxvi1 #aiaa1 pp4 #aic f41 & ,pl4 ,,vii 7,a?let5 ,kopf 9 ,a!n74 #accc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 #accd ,brunn1 pp4 #acc-d1 connect$ ,libyn & pu]um1 & believ$ t only "o /atue 0 meant by ,pl9y's s5t5ce1 id5tical ) ,pausanias' /atue ( ,mnaseas4 ,/u>t ,jones1 ,select ,passages f ,anc4 ,writ]s ,illu/rative ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,gk4 ,sculpt41 #ahie1 p4 #eg1 makes two alt]ations 9 ,pl9y's text1 ins]t+ et betwe5 ,libyn & pu]um1 & replac+ tabellam ( ! ,,mss4 ) flagellum4 ,! boy hold+ ! :ip1 !n1 is ,mnaseas' son ,krati/h5es1 ! *>iot victor m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4a4 ,/u>t ,jones foll[s ,furtwa5gl] 7,jahrbue*] fu] ,class4 ,philol41 #ahgf1 p4 #eji7 9 hav+ ,pl9y translate ( 8 ,greek au?ority by pu]um in/ead ( filium4 #acce ,p4 #dd4 #accf ,cat4 no4 #ea2 ,b5ndorf1 ,grie*4 und ,sicilis*e ,vas5bild]1 ,i1 pp4 #ac f4 & ,pl4 ,,ix4 #accg ,9 8 ,*re/oma?ia ,pl9iana1 #aheg1 p4 #cbj4 #acch ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,,xliv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bfd f4 #acci ,antigonos ( ,k>y/os1 apud ,z541 ,v1 #hb 7passage giv5 by ,jex-,blake1 p4 xxxix & n4 #b74 #acdj ,anci5t writ]s diff]$ z to ! au?or%ip ( ! /atue4 ,?us ,p4 7,i1 #cc4c71 ,mela 7de ,situ orbis1 ,,ii1 #c4f71 ,tzetzes 7,s4 ,q41 #hch-i71 & ,z5obios 7l4 c471 say t x 0 ,pheidias1 :ile ,pl9y 7,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxvi1 #ag7 & ,/rabo 7,,ix1 ,i4 #ag1 ,c4 #cif7 say ,agorakritos4 ,a fragm5t ( ! colossal head ( ! /atue came to ! ,briti% ,museum 9 #ahbj3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 p4 #dfj2 also fragm5ts ( ! figure on ! base1 describ$ by ,p41 ,i1 #cc4g1 7 f\nd 9 #ahij & are n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,a!ns3 ,kabbadias1 #bjc-ad2 ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 p4 #deg1 fig4 #dj4 #acda ,see 8 ,ueb] e9ige ,w]ke des ,ku5/l]s ,py?agoras1 9 ,v]h&l4 d4 #dj/5 ,v]samml4 deuts*] ,philolog5 u4 ,s*ulma5n] 9 ,go]litz1 ,leipsic1 #ahij 7pp4 #cbi-ccf71 p4 #ccd4 #acdb ,ar*aeolog4 ,analekt51 #ahhe1 p4 #i4 ,lucian1 ,ana*>41 #i1 says t apples =m$ a "p ( ! ,delphic prize2 ,dromeus is also kn[n to u z a ,py?ian victor4 ,9 ,*re/4 ,pl941 p4 #cbj1 ,l4 von ,urli*s _h id5tifi$ ! nudus z ,meilanion or ,hippom5es ) ! apples ) :i* he _h beat5 ,atalanta2 see ,s4 ,q41 #dii1 note a4 #acdc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei3 ,syracusis autem claudicantem1 cuius ulc]is dolorem s5tire etiam spectantes vid5tur4 ,gronovius1 foll[+ ,less+1 ,laokon1 ,*4 #b1 id5tifi$ x ) a w\nd$ ,philoktetes3 see ,bluemn]1 ,comm4 zu ,less+'s ,laokon1 pp4 #ejh f42 ! words cuius 444 vid5tur seem to h be5 d]iv$ f ,a4 ,pl41 ,,iv1 #aab1 #a4d 7:i* ref]s to a bronze /atue ( ,philoktetes73 cf4 ,brunn1 p4 #acd & ,jex-,blake1 ad loc4 #acdd ,cf4 ,b5ndorf1 ,anz4 d4 ,wi5] ,akad41 #ahhg1 p4 #ib2 von ,sybel1 ,weltges*4 d4 ,kun/1 p4 #aci4 #acde ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adf2 ,kallias won ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh4 #acdf ,9 ! ,pl9ian passage ,leontiskos figures r z an arti/1 probably ?r\gh ,pl9y's misund]/&+ ( "s ,greek s5t5ce 9 8 au?ority2 see ,l4 von ,urli*s1 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,,xliv1 #ahhi1 p4 #bfa4 #acdg ,p4 #dd4 #acdh ,l4 von ,sybel1 ,a!na und ,m>syas1 ,bronzemu5ze des ,b]l9] ,museums1 #ahgi4 #acdi ,?is *>act]i/ic is express$ by ! ^w 2 cf4 ,plato1 ,phil41 #fg ,a2 ,ari/otle1 ,e?4 ,nicom41 #a1 #g4e-f 7 #ajig b72 etc4 #acej ,m>ble copy ( ! ,m>syas 0 f\nd 9 #ahbc on ! ,esquil9e & is n[ 9 ! ,lat]an ,museum1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #aagi2 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #cc2 ,b4 ,b41 #bjh2 ,bulle1 #ie2 von ,ma*1 #fe;a2 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #ajjb1 fig4 #abaj2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #dfg f4 & fig4 #bcd2 ,f4 ,w41 #ded2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #ae1 #f4 ,x is #a4ie met]s high 7,bulle74 ,x is wrongly re/or$ & only ! head c be consid]$ approximately fai?ful to ! orig9al4 ,cf4 ano!r copy ( ! head ( ,p>ian m>ble 9 ! ,museo ,b>racco1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,i1 #aajd2 ,re9a*1 ,ttes1 pp4 #ec f4 & ,pls4 ,,lxvi-,,lxvii2 ,f4 ,w41 #dee4 ,a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 bronze /atuette f ,patras1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 appe>s also to give ! motive ( ! orig9al gr\p 9 ,a!ns m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eg1 & ,p41 ,i1 #bd4 #a3 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #bfi2 ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahgi1 ,pls4 ,,xxxiv-,v & pp4 #bda f42 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 ,pl4 ,,viii 7two views71 pp4 #ia f42 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #cd2 von ,ma*1 #fef2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #ea1 nos4 #e & #g4 ,x is #j4ge met] high4 ,= o!r repres5tations1 see ,g4 ,hirs*feld1 ,a!na und ,m>syas1 #cb/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahgb1 ,pls4 ,i & ,,ii4 ,= a copy ( ! head ( ,a!na 9 ,dresd51 see ,b4 ,b41 #eia 7?ree views74 #acea ,walt] ,pat]1 9 8 ,greek ,/udies 79 ! essay on ,! ,age ( ,a?letic ,prizem571 ed4 #ahie1 pp4 #cji f41 calls ! ,diskobolos a "w ( g5re4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,diskobolos c h>dly be call$ a decorative /atue1 i4 e41 8a "w m]ely imitative ( ! detail ( actual life40 ,on p4 #cac he rightly classes ! ,doryphoros z an 8academic0 "w4 #aceb ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,palazzo ,massimi alla ,colonna1 & h5ce is (t5 call$ ! ,massimi ,diskobolos3 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #efg1 cf4 #bef 7head f ca/72 von ,ma*1 #fc2 ,collignon1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 opp4 p4 #dgb2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,! ,art ( ! ,greeks1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xxx2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xiii 7head f ca/72 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 fig4 #gd1 opp4 p4 #bgd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebg1 #a2 = description1 see ,m4 ,d41 #ajih4 #acec ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 pp4 #afh f41 ,mw41 pp4 #cda f41 li/s ?ree o!r copies ( ! head3 "o 9 ,basel 7cf4 ,kalkmann1 ,proport4 des4 ,gesi*ts41 #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahic1 pp4 #gc-gd72 "o at ,catajo 7,mp41 fig4 #fh2 ,mw41 fig4 #dc2 ,arndt-,amelung1 nos4 #ed-ee72 & "o 9 ,b]l9 7,mp41 fig4 #fi74 #aced ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eh3 7,myron7 videtur 444 capillum quoque et pubem non em5datius fecisse quam rudis antiquitas in/ituisset4 #acee ,b4 ,b41 nos4 #fca1 #fcb 7re/or$ f bronz$ ca/2 text by ,rizzo72 ,bulle1 #ih2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #acfc2 ,boll4 d',arte1 ,i1 #aijg1 pp4 #a f4 & ,pls4 ,i-,,iii2 cf4 ,zeits*r4 fu] bild4 ,kun/1 #aijg1 pp4 #ahe f4 ,x is piec$ toge!r f f\rte5 fragm5ts2 ! fragm5t ( ! "r l[] leg 0 f\nd 9 #aiaj4 ,height to "r %\ld]1 #a4ec met]s 7,bulle74 #acef ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #cbf2 ,guide1 #ccc2 von ,ma*1 #fb2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dgc1 n4 #a2 ,f4 ,w41 #dea2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ede1 #e4 #aceg ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #bej2 von ,ma*4 #fa2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xxix2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,xi1 ,pl4 ,,xliv2 ,m>bles & ,bronzes ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii2 ,f4 ,w41 #deb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebe1 #e2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hfj1 #baid ,b4 ,x is #e feet #e in*es tall 7,smi?74 #aceh ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones1 ,museo ,capitol9o ,cat41 #aiab1 no4 #ej1 p4 #abc1 & ,pl4 #ba2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #ghh2 ,guide1 #ddf2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #heh ,a1 #bbab4 ,x is #a4dh met]s high f l[] edge ( base to ! "r h& 7,jones74 #acei ,b4 ,b41 no4 #eff2 von ,ma*1 #fd2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,,pi4 ,,xi2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #if1 fig4 #ac 7f a copy ( ! ,muni* ca/ 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d74 #acfj ,pl4 no4 #ig2 cf4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xii1 & ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5kmael]1 ,pl4 ,,xxxiii4 #acfa ,philopseudes1 #ah2 ,s4 ,q41 #edd2 translation ( ,h4 ,/u>t ,jones1 ,select ,passages f ,anci5t ,writ]s ,illu/rative ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,sculpture1 p4 #fi4 #acfb ,= ! late ,roman "o 9 ! ,muni* ,antiqu>ium1 see ,b4 ,b41 text to ,pl4 #efg1 fig4 #a2 ,f4 ,w41 #dec2 = ! "o 9 ,arols51 see ,f4 ,w41 #aghf4 #acfc ,b4 ,m4 ,gems1 no4 #gdb1 ,pl4 ,g2 also giv5 9 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 p4 #ia1 fig4 #e4 #acfd ,in/4 orat41 ,,ii1 #ac4aj3 ,quid tam di/ortum et elaboratum quam e/ ille discobolos ,myronis8 si quis tam51 ut p>um rectum1 improbet opus1 nonne ab intellectu artis abfu]it1 9 qua vel praecipue laudabilis e/ ipsa illa novitas ac difficultas8 #acfe ,translation by ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 9 8 ,"o ,hundr$ ,ma/]pieces ( ,sculpture f ! ,six? ,c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! ,"t ( ,mi*elangelo1 #aiji1 p4 #aj4 #acff ,enum]at$ above 9 ,*4 ,,iii 7,attic ,sculptors71 p4 #abi1 n4 #g4 ,! ,sp>tan ,lyk9os _h two /atues3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a4 ,z he won 9 bo? ! hoplite-race & *>iot-race1 ,fo]/]1 #baa a1 assum$ t ! two /atues repres5t$ victor & *>iote]1 & t !y /ood ^u ! quadriga1 :i* ,pausanias does n m5tion4 ,i foll[ ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #agb1 h[ev]1 9 assum+ t ! two /atues repres5t$ ! victor 9 ! two ev5ts4 #acfg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #eg4 #acfh ,,vi1 #h4e2 ,hyde1 #gi 7,arkadian7 & #gi;a 7,philippos71 & comm5t>y on pp4 #ci f4 #acfi ,! int]pretation ( ,murray1 ,class4 ,rev41 ,i1 #ahhg1 pp4 #c-d4 #acgj ,! em5dation ( ,loes*ke1 ,dorpat]progr41 #ahhj1 p4 #i2 accept$ by ,reis*1 p4 #dd1 n4 #c1 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #aea1 & o!rs4 #acga ,d] ,dornauszieh] und d] ,knabe mit d] ,gans1 #ahgf1 p4 #hi1 n4 #cj4 #acgb ,quot$ by ,jex-,blake1 ,add4 to p4 #df1 #a4 #acgc ,select ,passages f ,anc4 ,writ]s ,illu/rative ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,gk4 ,sculpt41 p4 #ff4 #acgd ,may]1 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #ahia1 pp4 #bdf f41 %[$ t on vase-pa9t+s ( ,myron's "t & on co9s ( ,elaia1 ,aeolis1 a woman is (t5 repres5t$ z /&+ 9 ! *e/1 :ile two m51 ,p]seus & ! c>p5t]1 /& beside x4 #acge ,e4 g41 ! /atue ( ! boy box] ,a!naios ( ,ephesos 0 repres5t$ 9 motion1 i4 e41 9 ! act ( sp>r+1 z we see f ! footpr9ts on ! recov]$ base3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afh2 he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ic & #ajc 7 #chd & #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4a2 ,hyde1 #cf2 ,fo]/]1 #dai4 #acgf ,see ,gr5fell & ,hunt1 ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyrus1 ,,ii1 #ahii1 pp4 #bbb f42 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 ,beilage1 opp4 p4 #aib2 ,diels1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxxvi1 #aija1 pp4 #gb f42 ,ko]te1 ibid41 ,,xxxix1 #aijd1 pp4 #bbd f42 ,w5ig]1 ,klio 7,beitraege zur alt5 ,ges*471 ,,iv1 pp4 #abe f42 ,v1 pp4 #a f4 & #ahd f4 #acgg ,late inscriptions m5tion 8,py?ian0 & 8,i/hmian boys03 see ,f4 ,m4 ,mie1 ,quae/iones agoni/icae ad ,olympia p]t95tes1 ,diss4 inaug41 #ahhh1 p4 #dh2 ,ditt5b]g]1 ,sylloge1#b ,,ii1 nos4 #fgg-h2 ! & at ,nemea are m5tion$ by ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,viii1 #ed4 ,! boys 9 ^! conte/s 7 probably ag$ #ab-af1 ! 1 #af-bj 7cf4 ,rob]ts-,g>dn]1 ,greek ,epigraphy1 ,,ii1 p4 #aff71 & ! m5 ov] #bj ye>s old4 #acgh ,= ,olympia1 see ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4aj2 #f4a2 #ad4a-b2 etc4 #acgi ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #aeij4 #achj ,ditt5b]g]1 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 no4 #ebd3 1 1 4 #acha ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #ddd4 ,= ! ,pana!naia1 see ,suidas1 s4 v4 2 ,momms51 ,heortologie1 #ahfd1 p4 #ada2 etc4 #achb ,p41 ,v1 #af4b4 #achc ,de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcc ,c1 ,d4 #achd ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 inscriptions relat+ to ephebes1 e4 g41 ,i1 #bcb2 #aeij2 ,ditt5b]g]1 de ,ephebis atticis1 #ahfc1 p4 #bd2 ,dumont1 ,essai sur l',ephbie attique1 #ahgf1 pp4 #bae-af4 ,?is classification is foll[$ by ,e4 ,potti]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 p4 #fi4 #ache ,bussemak]1 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 ,pt4 #a1 s4 v4 a?leta1 p4 #eag 7also quot$ by ,potti]71 propos$ ! division into 1 #ab-af ye>s old1 1 #af-bj1 & 1 f #bj on4 ,pollux1 ,,viii1 #aje1 & ,h>pokration1 s4 v4 1 give ! ephebe age z #ah-bj2 ,x541 ,cyr41 #a1 #b4h1 puts ! age at #af or #ag = ! ,p]sians4 #achf ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ef4 ,on ! :ole subject1 see ,krause1 pp4 #bfb f41 especially p4 #bfc1 n4 #c2 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bga-b4 #achg ,,vi1 #a4c to ,,vi1 #ah4g4 ,we also "k ( #fa o!r victors ) #fc monum5ts f inscrib$ base fragm5ts recov]$ at ,olympia2 ^! w be treat$ infra 9 ,*4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cec f4 #achh ,see ,*4 ,,viii1 infra1 p4 #cci & notes #c-d4 #achi ,on ,ol41 ,,ix1 #aej1 ,boeckh1 p4 #bbh2 cf4 ,etym4 magn41 s4 v4 1 p4 #gdc1 #be4 #acij ,?us ,apollo beat ,h]mes 9 runn+ at ,olympia1 ,p41 ,v1 #g4aj2 ! ,idan ,h]akles in/itut$ a race among 8 bro!rs1 ,p41 ,v1 #g4g2 & ,endymion set 8 sons to run1 & s in/itut$ ! boys' runn+ race !re1 ,p41 ,v1 #a4d4 ,! runn+ race appe>s 9 ! ,boread leg5d1 ,ph41#c2 pseudo-,dio ,*ryso/41 ,,xxxvii1 p4 #bif 7,d9dorf72 x 0 repres5t$ on ! ,kypselos *e/3 ,p41 ,v1 #ag4aj1 & appe>s on _m ar*aic vases4 ,on ! age ( ! ev5t1 see ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 #ahfd1 p4 #caj & ,,iii1 #ahha1 p4 #aii4 ,! ,cretans & ! ,lac$monians sacrific$ to ,apollo 3 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,viii1 #d4d4 #acia ,see ,ph41 #c1 = ! f\r runn+ races2 cf41 ,plato1 de ,leg41 #hcc ,a1 ,b4 #acib ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #gdj f42 ,od41 ,,viii1 #abj f4 79 l4 #aba x is call$ 74 ,9 "s hi/oric games1 ! /ade-race rema9$ ! only ev5t2 e4 g41 at ! ,h]maia on ,salamis3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #ajh4 ,= ! /ade-race1 see ,p41 ,i1 #dd4a2 ,,iii1 #ad4c2 ,,iv1 #d4e1 etc4 ,on its orig91 see ,ph41 #e4 #acic ,s*ol4 on ,ari/oph41 ,aves1 #bib 7ed4 ,j4 ,w4 ,:ite1 #aiad72 ,p41 ,v1 #h4f4 ,on its orig91 see ,ph41 #f & cf4 ,krause1 pp4 #cde f4 #acid ,*4 #d4 #acie ,suidas1 s4 v4 2 s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,aves1 #bib 7 sev5 /adia72 ,boeckh1 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 no4 #aeae1 p4 #gjc 7 ord9>ily sev5 /adia72 s*ol4 on ,soph41 ,electra1 #fia4 ,see ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #cdh1 n4 #ac2 ,grasb]g]1 op4 cit41 ,i1 pp4 #cab f4 #acif ,poll41 ,,iii1 #aea2 s*ol4 on ,ari/oph41 ,a*>n41 #bad2 etc4 #acig ,p41 passim2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 etc4 #acih ,ph41 #g4 ,= two !ories ( its orig91 see ibid4 #acii ,p41 ,x1 #g4e2 ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme51 und ,i/hmi51 pp4 #acf f4 #adjj ,cf4 ,plato1 de ,leg41 ,i1 p4 #fbe ,e4 ,?us ! ,cretans ,ergoteles & ,sotades won ! di/ance race twice ea*2 ,ergoteles 9 ,ols4 #gg & #gi 7 #dgb & #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4aa2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #df2 ,fo]/]1 #bjf1 #bac2 ,sotades 9 ,ols4 #ii1 #ajj 7 #chd1 #chj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4f2 ,hyde1 #ahf2 ,fo]/]1 #cag1 #cbc4 ,! ,cretan ,philonides1 c\ri] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 _h an honor /atue at ,olympia3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4e2 ,hyde1 #aed;a4 ,at ! games at ,trapez\s ov] sixty ,cretans ent]$3 ,x541 ,anab41 ,,iv1 #h1 #bg2 cf4 ,krause1 pp4 #ceb f4 #adja ,de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcc ,c4 #adjb ,v1 #af4c4 #adjc ,v1 #h4f2 cf4 ,,iv1 #d4e2 ,,viii1 #bf4d4 ,8 /atem5t ab\t ! antiquity ( ! ev5t is corroborat$ by ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,v1 #b4ab1 ,ph4 7 only ev5t until ,ol4 #ad71 & ,eusebios1 ,*ronika1 ,i1 p4 #aic 7ed4 ,s*o5e74 ,g>d9]1 p4 #eb1 believes t if ! ,olympic games develop$ f a s+le ev5t1 x 0 probably n f ! /ade-race1 b f ei!r ! fight 9 armor or ! *>iot-race4 #adjd ,p41 ,v1 #h4f1 etc42 ,fo]/]1 #a4 #adje ,discuss$ by ,g>d9]1 pp4 #eb & #bgb-c4 #adjf ,,iii1 #h 7 ,dorieus ( ,rhodes1 :o won 8 second victory 9 ,ol4 #hh 7 #dbh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a2 ,hyde1 #fa2 ,fo]/]1 #bfj72 ,v1 #di 7 ,&ro/h5es ( ,ma9alos1 :o won 8 fir/ victory 9 ,ol4 #ij1 #dbj ,b4 ,c43 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,hyde1 #ea2 ,fo]/]1 #bfg74 #adjg ,ditt5b]g]1 ,sylloge#b1 ,i1 no4 #bef 7 ,agesidamos ( ,mess5ia1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #adj1 #bbj ,b4 ,c474 #adjh ,v1 #h4f2 confirm$ by ,ph41 #ab1 & ,eusebios1 ,*ron41 ,i1 p4 #aic 7ed4 ,s*o5e74 #adji ,l4 c42 corroborat$ by ,ph41 #ab4 #adaj ,p41 ,v1 #h4i2 ,eusebios agrees ) ,pausanias1 b ,philo/ratos says ,ol4 #df 7 #eif ,b4 ,c471 l4 c4 #adaa ,p41 ,v1 #h4aj2 cf4 ,,iii1 #ad4c4 ,x 0 introduc$ at ,delphi 9 #dih ,b4 ,c43 see ,g>d9]1 p4 #gj4 #adab ,on runn+ races1 see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #ccg f42 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xiii1 pp4 #bgj f42 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 ,pt4 #b1 pp4 #afdc f42 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cab f42 etc4 #adac ,fig4 #cg left ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,i1 #ahbi-cc1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 #f;b2 cf4 ibid41 #d;b1 & ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 f1 & ,pana!naic amphora 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 ,pt4 #b1 p4 #afdc1 fig4 #bbbi4 ,fig4 #cf;,a ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclix1 #a4 ,also cf4 a six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 amphora 9 ,muni*1 no4 #dih3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 m2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bha1 fig4 #eb2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #abi1 fig4 #ib 7"r72 a f\r?-c5tury ,pana!naic amphora3 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhc1 fig4 #ec1 f ,/ephani1 ,comptes r5dus de la comm4 impr4 ar*ol41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahgf1 ,atlas1 ,pl4 ,i4 #adad ,ph41 #cb3 4 #adae ,! fir/ ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #fji2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhj1 fig4 #ea2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 e1 #d2 ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 ,illu/rations ( ,s*ool ,classics1 #aijc1 fig4 #cij2 ! second 7,fig4 #cg1 "r7 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,i1 #ahbi-cc1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 #g;b2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bgi1 fig4 #ej2 ,d>4-,sagl41 p4 #afdd1 fig4 #bbcj4 ,cf4 ano!r 9 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 f1 #f4 #adaf ,national ,museum1 no4 #gfa4 #adag ,cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #df4 #adah ,on ?is mode ( repres5t+ runn]s1 see ,s*midt 9 ,mu5*5] ar*aeol4 ,/udi5 zum ,&5k5 ,a4 ,furtwa5gl] d>gebra*t1 #aiji1 pp4 #bdi f4 7especially p4 #beg74 #adai ,see ,kalkmann1 ,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #ef f1 & fig4 #d1 p4 #ef 7 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 #bef2 ,murray1 ,designs f ,greek ,vases1 ,v1 #ah7 two runn]s2 ! int]ior ( ! same vase also repres5ts su* a runn]3 p4 #fa1 fig4 #g4 ,cf4 also p4 #eh1 fig4 #e 7 ,murray1 ,x1 #cg2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,iv1 #ahdd-dh1 ,pl4 ,,xxxiii71 repres5t+ ,h]mes on a r4-f4 vase ( ! sev]e /yle2 also p4 #ei1 fig4 #f2 etc4 ,also cf4 ,jue?n]1 p4 #da1 fig4 #cf;a 7a lat] r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni*1 no4 #hjc ,a71 %[+ a p5ta?lete runn+ ) an akontion4 ,! foll[+ b4-f4 vases1 :i* %[ repres5tations ( su* ar*aic runn]s1 are tak5 f ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 #aiad3 ! proto-,attic amphora ( ,nettos1 p4 #ga1 fig4 #fc 7 ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 ,text1 p4 #df72 cup f ,aeg9a1 p4 #gg1 fig4 #fh 7 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 ,pl4 ,,ix72 ,cor9?ian amphora1 p4 #ajc1 fig4 #gd 7 ,potti]1 ,vases antiques1 ,pl4 ,,lix1 ,e #hee72 ! ,gorgon on ! ,franois ,vase1 p4 #afe1 fig4 #ajh 7f ,furtw4-,rei*hold1 ,grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 ,pls4 ,i-,,iii72 on neck ( an amphora by ,pamphaios 9 ! ,l\vre1 p4 #chh1 fig4 #bcc 7 ,potti]1 op4 cit41 ,pl4 ,,lxxxviii74 #adbj ,discuss$ 7wrongly1 ,i ?9k1 z ,etruscan7 by ,g4 ,h4 ,*ase3 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xii1 #aijh1 pp4 #bhg f41 ,pls4 ,,viii-,,xviii 7especially ,,xii-,,xviii72 ,pl4 ,,xv ,ri*>dson1 p4 #fi1 fig4 #bg4 #adba ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes1 no4 #df1 fig4 on p4 #cj2 ,museum ,bull41 #aiaa 7,april71 pp4 #ib f41 & fig4 #e 7,ri*t]72 x is #d-e_/h in*es tall4 #adbb ,no4 #aiei4 ,x w be discuss$ 9 our treatm5t ( hoplitodromes infra1 p4 #bji & n4 #b4 #adbc ,ri*t]1 no4 #af1 fig4 on p4 #aj2 ,mus4 ,bull41 #aiji 7,may71 p4 #gh 7,rob9son72 x is #b-g_/h in*es tall4 #adbd ,ri*t]1 no4 #fb1 fig4 on p4 #dc2 ,mus4 ,bull41 #aiac 7,dec471 pp4 #bfh f4 & fig4 #g 7,ri*t]72 x is #c-a_/af in*es tall4 #adbe ,op4 cit41 pp4 #fe & #gd4 #adbf ,aeg9a1 das ,heiligtum d] ,aphaia1 ,pl4 ,,xcvi1 nos4 #cb & #c2 9 ! ,glypto!k ^! are nos4 #gh & #hb2 see von ,ma*1 ,pl4 #gh 7middle74 #adbg ,! ,lapi? ,g & ! boy ,p3 ,treu1 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aag f41 ,pl4 ,v 7 ,q & ,f 9 ! new arrangem5t on ,pl4 ,,vi72 ,kalkmann1 op4 cit41 p4 #ge4 #adbh ,bulle1 #ahj2 x is #j4gi met] high4 #adbi ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 ,pt4 #e1 #ahij1 ,pl4 ,,lvi 7text1 pp4 #de-df1 by ,w9t]72 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #bdi2 ,bulle1 #ib 7two views7 & #ic2 von ,ma*1 #bbf2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 no4 #acec2 ,guide1 #ajfc2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #cfa1 fig4 #ahd2 ,g>d9]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lxxiii2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #dai1 #g4 ,x is #a met] high 7,bulle74 #adcj ,e4 g41 ,kalkmann1 ,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #df f41 ,pl4 ,i & fig4 ,i 9 text2 he def5ds ?is view1 ibid41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #aig f4 #adca ,to ! fif? by ,kalkmann1 ,bulle1 ,furtwa5gl] 7,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijg1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bai-bbj1 ,hadrianic copy71 & o!rs2 to ! f\r? by ,w9t]1 ,collignon1 & von ,ma*2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cei f41 connects x /yli/ically ) ! s-call$ ,ilioneus ( ! ,glypto!k1 repres5t$ 9 a simil> pose 7 ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r41#b #bgj2 ,b4 ,b41 #dcb2 ,f4 ,w41 #abfc71 & ) ! ,hypnos 9 ! ,prado1 ,madrid 7 ,huebn]1 ,die ant4 ,bildw4 9 ,madrid1 no4 #ci2 ,furtw41 ,mw41 pp4 #fdh f42 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #ceg1 fig4 #aha2 ,f4 ,w41 #abhg2 = small replicas 9 bronze1 see ,w9nefeld1 ,hypnos1 p4 #h1 n4 #b71 & assigns all ?ree to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & to ,skopaic art4 ,amelung assigns ! ,subiaco y\? to ,hell5i/ic times3 ,mus4 & ,ru9s ( ,rome1 ,i1 fig4 #fj4 #adcb ,= a li/ ( t5 su* int]pretations1 see de ,ridd]1 ,rev4 ar*41 ,,xxxi1 ,sr4 #c1 #ahig1 p4 #bfe1 n4 #e2 & ,b4 ,sau]1 ,d] ,knabe von ,subiaco1 ,fe/gabe ,h4 ,bluemn] ueb]rei*t1 #aiad1 pp4 #adc f41 & note #a on p4 #adc4 #adcc ,e4 g41 by ,bulle2 ,brizio1 ,ausonia1 ,i1 #aijf1 p4 #ba2 cf4 ,w9t]1 l4 c42 etc4 ,if a ,niobid1 he 0 probably w\nd$ 9 ! neck 7cf4 ! "o 9 ,milan7 & =m$ "p ( a gr\p4 #adcd ,by ,lucas1 ,neue ,jahrbue*] f4 kl4 ,alt]tum1 ,v1 #aijb1 pp4 #dbg f2 cf4 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,ix1 #aijf1 pp4 #bgc f4 #adce ,=m]ly by ,g4 ,ko]te1 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #aa f42 cf4 ! ,pompeian wall-pa9t+1 ibid41 p4 #ae1 fig4 #b2 he has s9ce giv5 up ?is view3 see ,sau]1 l4 c4 #adcf ,de ,ridd]1 op4 cit41 ! h&s seem to h be5 plac$ wrong = ?is int]pretation1 ?\gh ,helbig & ,amelung f9d x possible4 #adcg ,pet]s51 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #bjb f42 su* a motive 0 unkn[n to antiquity & is bas$ on ! wrong assumption t a m>ble h& hold+ a rope-l object1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! same excavations1 belongs to ! /atue3 see ,helbig1 l4 c4 #adch ,sau]1 9 ! publication m5tion$1 believes ! riddle be/ solv$ by assum+ t ! figure =m]ly 0 "p ( a gable gr\p2 see ! recon/ruction 7by ,luebke71 p4 #ade1 fig4 #d4 ,he dates x 9 ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 contempor>y ) ! ,idol9o4 #adci ,! fleetness ( ,ladas 0 (t5 extoll$1 especially by late ,greek & ,roman writ]s3 ,p1 ,,iii1 #ba4a2 ,plut41 ,praecip4 g]4 reip41 #aj2 ,catullus1 ,,lv1 #be2 ,juv5al1 ,,xiii1 #ig2 ,m>tial1 ,,ii1 ,,lxxxvi1 #h1 & ,,xc1 #e2 ,s5eca1 ,ep41 ,,lxxxv1 #d2 ,sol9us1 #g2 etc4 #addj ,a4 ,pl41 ,,iv1 no4 #ec2 "h l9e #c 0 add$ by ,jacobs1 & l9e #d by ,b5ndorf1 f two p>odies ( ! epigram 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xi1 #hf & #aai2 9 ! fir/ p>ody /&s = & = 4 ,see ,b5ndorf1 de an?ologiae ,graecae ,epigrammatis quae ad artes spectant1 ,diss4 inaug41 #ahfb1 pp4 #ac f41 & ,kalkmann1 ,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #gf-gg & notes4 ,/udniczka 7see next note7 reads l9e #d3 1 ' 4 #adda ,a4 ,pl41 ,,iv1 #ed4 ,b5ndorf corrects ! ,mss4 read+ ( ! la/ half ( l4 #b z 2 o!rs read ! :ole l9e3 ' 4 ,on ! two epigrams1 see ,/udniczka1 ,myron's ,ladas1 ,b]4 sae*s4 ,gesells*4 d4 ,wiss41 ,philolog4-hi/or4 ,cl41 #eb1 #aijj1 pp4 #cbi f4 7especially pp4 #ccc f474 #addb ,read+ 444 = 444 1 8fly+ f w9d-foot$ ,?ymos10 ( ,jacobs4 ,on possible read+s1 see ,/udniczka1 l4 c41 pp4 #ccg f4 #addc ,sculpt41 p4 #fi4 #addd ,see ,kalkmann1 op4 cit41 pp4 #gg-h2 ,reis*1 p4 #dd2 cf4 ,g]cke1 ,jb41 ,,viii1 #ahic1 p4 #aae1 on ! mean+ ( ! words & 4 #adde ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*41 p4 #ag2 von ,ma*1 no4 #bhi2 ,b4 ,b41 #ced4 #addf ,no4 #bdi1 #bdi a2 he fixes 8 victory 9 ,ol4 787 #he 7 #ddj ,b4 ,c471 because ( ! late dat+ ( ,myron by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #di 7floruit ,ol4 #ij #dbj ,b4 ,c43 cf4 ,brunn1 ,i1 #adb f472 ,furtwa5gl] dat$ 8 activity )9 ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,mp41 p4 #ahb2 ,rob]t provisionally dates ! victory ( ,ladas 9 ,ol4 787 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c471 ?\gh he f9ds t ,ols4 #hj & #ha 7 #dfj & #def ,b4 ,c47 are possible3 see ,o4 ,s41 p4 #ahd2 "h he dates ! sculptor 787 #dgf-ddd ,b4 ,c4 #addg ,cf4 infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cfe1 n4 #a4 #addh ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 nos4 #iac1 #iad2 ,guide1 #egc1 #egd2 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,iv1 #ahgf1 ,pls4 ,,ix-,x1 pp4 #fh f42 ,b4 ,b41 #cec 7"r & left72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edj1 #d1 & = ! torso1 see ,,ii1 #b1 #eda1 #c 7 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,pl4 ,,xi74 #addi ,helbig1 #iad4 #adej ,helbig1 #iac4 #adea ,s ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #abh1 n4 #a1 ,mw41 p4 #bhe1 n4 #c1 & ,helbig 7#c;d ed472 on ! o!r h&1 ,reis* 7p4 #df71 ,b4 ,b41 & =m]ly ,helbig 79 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,guide71 h reg>d$ !m z wre/l]s4 #adeb ,! /atuette & relief are pictur$ 9 ,mon4 ant41 ,,xi1 #aija1 ,pl4 ,,xxvi1 #b1 & pp4 #djb f4 ,! /atuette also 9 ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 no4 #eeb1 & ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edj1 #f4 #adec ,mp41 pp4 #abf f41 & fig4 #ea2 ,mw41 pp4 #bhd f41 fig4 #ch2 "h ! re/or$ p>ts h be5 remov$ & 8 own re/oration is giv5 9 an outl9e draw+4 ,see also ,b4 ,b41 no4 #abi2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #cbb2 ,cl>ac1 #hcg1 #bjii4 #aded ,m5tion$ by ,p41 ,i1 #bh4b & ,i1 #be4a2 ! inscrib$ base has be5 f\nd 7see ,loll+1 1 #ahhi1 p4 #ce1 n4 #b74 ,! ,p]ikles is exemplifi$ by two inscrib$ copies3 a t]m9al bu/ 9 ,london3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #edi & fig4 #bc on p4 #bhi2 ,anci5t ,m>bles 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #ahae1 ,pl4 ,,xxxii2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxvi1 #ahfh1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 fig4 #a & pp4 #a f4 7,conze72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #aag f41 ,pl4 ,,vii & fig4 #df 7pr(ile72 ,mw41 ,pl4 ,,ix & pp4 #bgj f42 ,f4 ,w41 #dha2 a t]m9al bu/ 9 ! ,vatican3 ,visconti1 ,iconogr4 gr41 #ahbd-bf1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xv & p4 #agh2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #aef2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #bgf2 ,arndt-,bruckmann1 ,grie*4 u4 roem4 ,portraets1 #dac1 #dad3 ,b]n\illi1 ,grie*4 ,ikonogr41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 p4 #ajh2 etc4 #adee ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gd2 9 ?is passage ,pl9y also m5tions an ,olympius ,p]icles4 ,! ,naples /atue has be5 wrongly re/or$ z a gladiator2 x is pictur$1 m9us ! re/orations1 9 ,mp41 p4 #abe1 fig4 #ej2 ,mw41 p4 #bhb1 fig4 #cg2 cf4 ,cl>ac1 #hgj1 #bbaj & #hgb1 #bbaj4 ,furtwa5gl] connects ?is /atue ) ! bronze "o ( a c]ta9 ,diitrephes pi]c$ ) arr[s1 :i* ,pausanias saw on ! ,akropolis1 ,i1 #bc4c2 a basis f\nd !re1 inscrib$ ) ! "n ,kresilas1 support$ a votive (f]+ ( ,h]molykos1 ! son ( ,diitrephes1 to ,a!na3 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #df2 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #djb 7,kir*h(f1 :o opposes ! connection72 cf4 p4 #cgc4 ,! base %[s t a figure /ood ^u x 9 ! pose ( ano!r figure1 :i* appe>s on a :ite-fac$ ,attic leky?os 9 ! ,cab4 des ,mdailles 9 ,p>is 7,mp41 p4 #abd1 fig4 #dh71 :i* ,furtwa5gl] believes a free r5d]+ ( ! ,kresilan /atue4 #adef ,9 ,ols4 #hc1 #hd1 #he 7 #ddh-ddj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 #bci1 #bde1 #bdh4 ,krison is m5tion$ by ,plato1 ,protag41 #cce ,e1 & de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hdj ,a2 ,ari/ophanes ( ,byzantion 7apud ,zon>as1 ,i1 p4 #dea1 & apud ,hesy*41 s4 v4 72 ,plut41 de adul4 et amici ,discr41 #af2 & de ,tranqu4 anim41 #ab2 etc4 #adeg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aeg4 ,he won ,ol4 787 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p4 ,,vi1 #h4a2 ,hyde1 #ga2 ,fo]/]1 #bhj4 #adeh ,b4 ,b41 no4 #cba2 ,bulle1 #afd1 & fig4 #ic on pp4 #cfa-b 7ca/ on r\nd base 9 ,erlang572 von ,ma* #gb2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dag1 fig4 #bae2 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ce2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #ief2 ,guide1 #fag2 ,ziel9ski1 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xxxix1 #ahhd1 pp4 #aaf f4 7:o ref]s ! orig9al possibly to ,/rongylion72 ,f4 ,w41 #bae4 ,= replicas1 see ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahha1 p4 #acj2 ,rayet1 text to ,pl4 #ce2 & ,furtwa5gl]1 ,d] ,dornauszieh] und d] ,knabe mit d] ,gans1 #ahgf1 pp4 #g f2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 #a1 #cdd1 #f4 ,x 0 call$ a runn] fir/ by ,visconti1 ,op]e v>ie1 #ahbg-ca1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #afc f41 :o has be5 foll[$ by ,collignon1 ,ziel9ski1 ,rayet1 ,reis* 7p4 #df71 ,ri*>dson 7p4 #add71 & o!rs4 ,x is #j4hj met] high 7,bulle74 #adei ,e4 g41 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ahb-ahe1 & notes #aj-bd on p4 #ahf4 ,on p4 #ahc1 fig4 #ahf1 he gives illu/rations ( ! ?ree pr9cipal copies--! m>ble "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7a71 ! bronze /atuette 9 ,b>on ,ro?s*ild's collection 9 ,p>is 7b71 & ! ,capitol9e bronze 9 ,rome 7c74 ,he br+s x into relation ) ! sculptor ,bo?os1 :o is kn[n to h made seat$ g5re figures ( boys1 e4 g41 "o 9 ! ,h]aion at ,olympia1 ,p41 ,v41 #ag4 #d 7 ,s4 ,q41 #aeif74 #adfj ,von ,ma*1 no4 #hf2 cf4 ,kekul1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xli1 #ahhc1 p4 #bdd1 & ,f4 ,w41 #bae4 #adfa ,see ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 pp4 #aji-aaj4 #adfb ,see ,k4 ,woelke1 ,dornauszieh]-,ma$*51 ,jb41 ,,xxix1 #aiad1 pp4 #ag-be1 figs4 #a1 #b1 etc4 #adfc ,e4 g41 bronze /atuettes1 =m]ly 9 ! ,dreyfus collection 9 ,p>is1 dat+ f ! second half ( ! fifte5? c5tury3 ,bulle1 p4 #cfd1 fig4 #id2 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,xvi1 #aiji1 ,pl4 ,,xii1 #c 7nos4 #b1 #c ,italian bronzes ( ! same subject 9 ! ,l\vre & 9 ! collection ( ,*>les ,havil&2 see text1 by ,g4 ,migeon1 pp4 #ie f474 #adfd ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 no4 #agee & ,pl4 ,,viii2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xxx2 ,annali1 ,,xlviii1 #ahgf1 ,pl4 ,n 7& pp4 #abd f72 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxv1 #ahgg1 p4 #abg1 & ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 p4 #ai1 ,pls4 ,,ii1 ,,iii2 ,rayet1 ,pl4 #cf2 von ,ma*1 #bhd2 ,bulle1 p4 #cfe1 fig4 #ie2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #add1 #b4 ,x is #j4fc met] high 7,bulle74 #adfe ,gaz4 ar*41 #ahha1 ,pls4 ,,ix-,,xi2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dbj1 fig4 #baf2 ,rayet1 text to no4 #cf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #adc1 #g4 ,x is #i4e in*es tall4 #adff ,see ,lange1 ,das ,motif des aufge/uetzt5 ,fusses1 #ahgi1 pp4 #i f42 ,reis*1 p4 #df1 n4 #e2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fg 7,p>is copy72 von ,ma*1 #bch;a 7,muni* copy71 #bch;b 7,l\vre copy74 ,see supra1 pp4 #hf-hg4 #adfg ,see ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 p4 #bha2 on ! race1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #bhe-ia1 & ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 pp4 #bhj f42 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #cec-cei2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 ,pt4 #b1 p4 #afdd2 etc4 #adfh ,at ,olympia1 ,p41 ,,iii1 #ad4c2 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,ii1 #e2 ,artemidoros1 ,oneirokritika1 ,i1 #fc2 ,heliod41 ,ae?iop41 ,,iv41 init42 ,oxy4 ,pap42 at ,delphi1 ,krause1 ,die ,py?i51 ,neme51 und ,i/hmi51 #ahda1 p4 #bf1 no4 #d2 at ! ,pana!naia1 ,momms51 ,fe/e d4 ,/adt ,a!n1 #ahih1 p4 #gj4 ,on its orig91 see ,ph41 #g4 #adfi ,p41 ,,ii1 #aa4h2 ,x1 #cd4e4 ,9 ! fir/ passage ,pausanias speaks ( a victor :o won ! diaulos twice--once 1 ! second "t 4 ,de ,ridd]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #baa f41 discusses ,haus]'s futile argum5t 7,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ie f47 t ! hoplite-runn] cov]$ ! /adion f\r times1 ! fir/ & f\r? ) helmet & %ield1 ! second & ?ird )\t ! %ield1 & conclusively %[s t ! race 0 a diaulos4 ,= ,a!ns1 see ,ari/oph41 ,aves1 #bia f41 & s*olion4 ,! race 0 f\r /ades long at ,nemea3 cf4 ,ph41 #g1 & ,jue?n]'s note 7p4 #aif74 #adgj ,ph41 #h2 cf4 also #bd4 #adga ,,vi1 #aj4d4 ,9 ,v1 #ab4h he says t #be %ields = ?is race 7 (ficially kept 9 ! nave ( ! temple ( ,zeus4 #adgb ,we see %ield1 helmet1 & greaves on ! vase pictur$ 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 #b1 p4 #afdd1 fig4 #bbca2 ,baum41 ,,iii1 p4 #baaj1 fig4 #bcfj2 on ! b4-f4 vases 9 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,cclvii1 ,,cclviii1 & ,,cclxiii2 on ! b4-f4 vases pictur$ 9 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 figs4 #c 7six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclviii7 & #e 7 amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,,ii1 ,b #fjh72 we see no greaves on ! r4-f4 kylix 9 ,b]l9 7,fig4 #da72 cf4 ,krause1 pp4 #ced f4 #adgc ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ie f42 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #aii f4 #adgd ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4d4 #adge ,p41 ,x1 #cd4e4 ,mnesib\los won /ade- & hoplite-races at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #bce 7 #afa ,a4 ,d473 ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 #gab-gac2 cf4 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ehb4 ,he 0 also 9 bo? ev5ts4 #adgf ,e4 g41 by ,ph41 #g4 #adgg ,a bronze helmet f\nd at ,olympia1 rec5tly 9 ! possession ( ! ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1 is pictur$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 #a4 #adgh ,e4 g41 on ! vase 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 #b1 p4 #afdd1 fig4 #bbca2 on ! ,pana!naic vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 already m5tion$1 dat+ f ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,,ii1 ,b4 #fjh2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bij1 fig4 #eh2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 e1 #c2 ,baum1 ,,iii1 p4 #baaj1 fig4 #bcfa2 "h ! runn]s are runn+ ) ! feet flat on ! gr\nd4 #adgi ,9 ! ,cab9et des ,mdailles ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 no4 #ebc2 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 #ahic1 pp4 #acb-adb1 ,pls4 ,,xv1 #b & ,,xvi2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhf1 fig4 #ed1 & ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #bgh1 fig4 #g2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 ,i1 p4 #dbg1 no4 #eh4 #adhj ,no4 #bcjg2 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclxi2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #bgg1 fig4 #f2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhh1 fig4 #ef2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #afdd1 fig4 #bbcb2 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aje2 cf4 simil> runn]s on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,e #bb3 ,murray1 ,designs f ,greek ,vases1 no4 #ah2 ,hopp91 ,hbk41 ,i1 p4 #cgb1 no4 #ba4 #adha ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 p4 #bgh1 fig4 #h2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhg1 fig4 #ee4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ,b]l94 #adhb ,e #hah2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #bhe1 fig4 #ab2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bhi1 fig4 #eg2 not$ by ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 p4 #cgc1 no4 #h2 ,hopp91 ,hbk41 ,i1 p4 #acd1 no4 #fi4 #adhc ,= a recon/ruction ( ! v>i\s phases ( ! arm$-race f vase-pa9t+s1 see ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #bgi1 fig4 #i4 #adhd ,see ,g>d9]1 p4 #bia & ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 pp4 #bhd f4 ,p]haps ?is is ! explanation ( a kylix 9 ,b]l9 7no4 #djci71 reproduc$ by ,furtwa5gl] 9 ,samml4 ,sab\r(f1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,liii4 #adhe ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni* 7no4 #abdj72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #bhd1 fig4 #aa2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bib1 fig4 #ei4 ,?is pa9t+ repres5ts a pal/ra sc5e1 z is %[n by ! sponges on ! wall4 #adhf #bia4 #adhg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ga4 #adhh ,i1 #bc4i4 ,9 #ahch ! inscrib$ base ( ?is /atue 0 f\nd1 ! inscription be+3 444 3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #cgf2 ,loewy1 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ci4 ,?is %[s t ,pausanias got 8 in=mation ab\t ! pose f ! /atue itself & n f ! inscription4 ,x also gives u ! "r spell+ ( ! arti/'s "n4 #adhi ,fir/ publi%$1 long aft] x _h pass$ f ! possession ( ,h]r ,tux to ! ,univ]sity ,collection1 by ,gruneis5 9 ,s*orn's ,kun/blatt1 #ahce1 pp4 #ba f41 & sep>ately ! same ye>4 ,see also ,haus] 9 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ie-ajg2 ,l4 ,s*wabe1 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 pp4 #afc f41 ,pl4 ,,ix 7 ?ree views72 de ,ridd]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #baa f4 7review$ 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #ahih1 pp4 #bfh f472 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cje1 fig4 #aeb2 ,bulle1 no4 #hi 7two views72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bag1 fig4 #djc;a2 ,brunn1 ,grie*4 ,kun/ges*41 #ahic1 ,,ii1 p4 #bdi f42 ,f4 ,w41 #ij2 ,r\se1 p4 #agd1 n4 #a2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edc1 #e4 #adij ,bulle1 no4 #hf4 #adia ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,v1 #aijb1 pp4 #afe-gj & ,pl4 ,,iv 7?ree views74 ,x 0 probably made 9 ,campania4 ,x is #j4jg met] high4 #adib ,m4 ,d41 #ajig2 ,cl>ac1 #hcj1 #bjhe4 #adic ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bjd1 & n4 #d2 ,mw41 p4 #cib1 & n4 #d4 ,he believes t ! helmet is n ali5 to ! /atue z "s ?9k1 b po9ts out t ! head1 :i* is mu* re/or$ & is ak9 to ! ,p]seus1 is wrongly atta*$ to ! body4 ,haus]1 ,jb41 ,,ii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aja1 n4 #bd1 because ( ! tree-trunk1 does n believe t ! /atue repres5ts a hoplite-runn]2 b ,furtwa5gl] %[s t ! tree-trunk (f]s no objection to re/or+ a %ield to ! /atue4 #adid ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pls4 #fd1 #fe 7head72 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #ge2 ,bulle1 #hh2 von ,ma*1 #bhf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #aed #a-d2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 #dh1 #baf2 ,f4 ,w41 #adbe2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,! ,art ( ! ,greeks1 ,pl4 ,,xlix2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #eac1 fig4 #acf2 ,j4 ,six1 ,de ,beteek5is van het ,leelijke 9 de ,grieks*e ,kun/1 p4 #bi2 8 !ory has be5 conte/$ by ,kalkman1 ,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 p4 #fd & n4 #ej4 ,! /atue is #a4ee met]s high 7,bulle74 #adie ,bulle1 & also ,kle9 7,,iii1 pp4 #bfe f471 believe t ,agasias 0 no m]e copyi/1 :ile ,amelung 7,beck]-,?ieme1 ,lex4 d4 bild4 ,ku5/l]1 ,i1 #aac7 classes him z "o4 ,! inscription on ! base ( ! /atue dates x ab\t #ajj ,b4 ,c4 #adif ,no4 #aiei2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijd1 pp4 #dc-ef 7,philios7 & ,pl4 ,i2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 pp4 #fdh-ea & fig4 #ccc2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 ,pl4 on p4 #bj2 ,svoronos1 ,i1 pp4 #hi-if1 & ,tafelbd41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xxvi 7upp] left corn]72 ,bulle1 #bfc2 ,e4 ,s*midt1 ,mu5*n] ar*aeol4 ,/ud4 zum ,&5k5 ,a4 ,furtwa5gl]1 p4 #bed & fig4 #cea2 ,le*at1 p4 #bjf1 fig4 #be4 ,its dim5sions are #a4ja met]s high & #j4gb met] broad4 ,see p4 #aid4 #adig ,bulle dates x loosely aft] ! middle ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #adih ,he %[s t a simil> type appe>s on ,a!nian dekadra*mai1 :i* 7 /ruck soon aft] ! date ( ! battle ( ,m>a?on1 9 any case be=e #dhj ,b4 ,c42 cf4 ,babelon1 ,j\rn4 ,int4 d'ar*4 ,num41 #aije4 #adii ,a4 ,pl41 ,i1 #c1 v4 #b1 & ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 no4 #aec1 p4 #ejj4 ,cf4 also ! epigram quot$ by ,eu/a?ius1 9 ! s*olion on ! ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fba1 p4 #acbj1 & "o by ,lucilius1 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xi1 no4 #hd4 ,! five ev5ts are repeat$ly m5tion$ by ,greek writ]s3 ,ph41 #c1 #aa1 etc42 ,artemidoros1 ,oneir41 ,i1 #ee2 _m s*olia/s1 e4 g41 on ,p9d>1 ,i/hm41 #a1 #ce1 ,boeckh1 p4 #eai1 & ,soph41 ,electra1 #fia4 ,on ! ev5t1 see ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 pp4 #baj f42 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xvii1 pp4 #cei f42 id41 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #ed f4 7,! ,me?od ( ,decid+ ! ,p5ta?lon72 ,e4 ,my]s1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 pp4 #bag f42 ,f4 ,f$de1 ,d] ,fu5fkampf d4 ,hell551 #ahhh1 & ,ueb] d5 ,fu5fkampf d4 ,hell551 #ahhi2 ,he9ri*1 ,ueb] das ,p5ta?lon d4 ,grie*51 #ahib2 ,p9d]1 ,ueb] d5 ,fu5fkampf d4 ,hell551 #ahfg2 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #dgf-dig1 & #iba f42 ,bluemn]1 9 ,baum41 ,i1 pp4 #eab f2 ,legr&1 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iv1 #a1 pp4 #hjd f41 s4 v4 ,qu9qu]tium4 ,on ! ord] ( ev5ts & me?od ( decid+ ! victory1 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #cfb f4 #aejj ,i/hm41 ,i1 #bf-bg4 #aeja ,od41 ,,viii1 #ajc4 ,9 l9e #abi he m5tions ! diskos4 ,box+ 0 nev] a "p ( ! lat] p5ta?lon4 #aejb ,p41 ,v1 #h4g2 ,philo/ratos1 #ab2 9 ,*4 #c he says t x 0 introduc$ by ,jason4 #aejc ,p41 ,v1 #i4a4 #aejd ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclix4 ,see supra1 p4 #aib4 #aeje ,x repres5ts jump+1 javel9-?r[+1 & diskos-?r[+2 x is a ,pana!naic vase ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b #acd2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 ,pl4 ,,xviii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cfj1 fig4 #ajg2 cf4 ^! ?ree ev5ts pictur$ on ano!r amphora ( simil> date 9 ,leyd53 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,ix2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cfa1 fig4 #ajh4 ,a gymnasium sc5e 7i4 e41 figures ( a jump]1 diskobolos1 & app>5tly an akonti/es7 appe>s on a r4-f4 vase-pa9t+ by ,d\ris3 see ,potti]1 ,d\ris et les ,pe9tres de ,vases grecs1 #aijd 7engl4 ed4 #aiji71 fig4 #f2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #edi1 fig4 #cae4 #aejf ,9 addition to ^? cit$ we may add ! vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,b #adb 7 diskos-?r[+ & javel9-?r[+72 "o 9 ,muni*1 no4 #fef 7 javel9-?r[+ & jump+72 two o!rs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,b #acf & #fjb 7 diskos-?r[+72 ano!r !re1 ,b #fje 7 javel9-?r[+72 etc4 #aejg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb1 #afc2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ia2 upp] surface outl9$ 9 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bfc1 fig4 #aaj2 ,mw41 p4 #dgb1 fig4 #hj4 ,= ! discussion ( ,py?okles1 see ,mp41 pp4 #bfb f4 #aejh ,furtwa5gl] believ$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,ditt5b]g] & ,purgold1 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d43 cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bhd4 #aeji ,gatti1 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,xix1 #ahia1 pp4 #bhj f41 ,pl4 ,x1 #a2 cf4 ,pet]s51 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahia1 pp4 #cjd f4 #aeaj ,/atuette 9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo ( ! ,vatican3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #cb2 ,guide1 #dc2 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 no4 #aja on p4 #aaf1 & ,pls4 ,,xvi1 ,,xvii2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bfd1 fig4 #aaa2 ,mw41 p4 #dgd1 fig4 #ha2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edi1 #b2 ,cl>ac1 #hfa1 #bahd2 a black m>ble /atue f\nd at ,porto d' ,anzio 9 #ageh1 n[ 9 ! ,glypto!k3 ,furtwa5gl]-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt41#b no4 #deh2 ,cl>ac1 #heh1 #bage2 x is #a4ed met]s high4 #aeaa ,wi5] ,/udi51 ,,xxiv1 #aijb1 pp4 #cih f42 he is1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! ,py?okles ascription2 see also ,/udniczka 9 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 #aijf1 p4 #aca4 #aeab ,cf4 also ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #egj f4 #aeac ,hettn]1 ,die ,bildw4 d4 kgl4 ,antik5samml4 zu ,dresd51 no4 #ij 7 a doryphoros72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,xii 7:5ce our plate7 & fig4 #aab 7head f ca/1 two views71 on p4 #bfg2 discussion1 pp4 #bfe f2 ,mw41 ,pls4 ,,xxvi1 ,,xxvii 7! head f a ca/ & ! re/or$ left =e>m omitt$7 & text1 pp4 #dge f42 ,cl>ac1 #idh1 #bdcg4 ,furtwa5gl] m5tions ?ree o!r copies ( ! /atue & ?ree ( ! head4 #aead ,on a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,pana!naic prize vase we see an a?lete 9 a simil> pose hold+ a diskos 9 8 left h&3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 g1 #aj 7quot$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bff1 n4 #f74 #aeae ,=m]ly 9 ! ,coll4 ,p\rtals1 & !n 9 ! ,coll4 ,grau3 ,w4 ,froehn]1 ,cat4 des bronzes antiques de la ,collection ,grau1 #ahhe1 ,pl4 ,,xxxii1 p4 #bjd1 no4 #ifd2 de ,ridd]1 ,les ,bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #aiac1 ,pl4 #ai1 no4 #ahd1 & p4 #cd2 ,mahl]1 ,polyklet und se9e ,s*ule1 pp4 #eg f4 & fig4 #ac2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #bgh1 ,mw41 p4 #dij2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edf1 #c4 ,x is #j4bah met] high4 ,froehn] _h int]pret$ ! /atuette z t ( an oil-p\r]1 ?\gh ! position ( ! h&s is aga9/ x4 #aeaf ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ac2 ,hyde1 #aci & pp4 #ed-ee2 ,fo]/]1 #dea1 #def2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agf4 #aeag ,od41 ,,viii1 #ajc & #abh4 ,on jump+1 see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #chc f42 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xiv1 pp4 #bie f42 etc4 #aeah ,,iv1 #dfe f4 #aeai ,cf4 ,/esi*oros1 apud ,a!naeum1 ,,iv1 #gb 7pp4 #agb f474 #aebj ,de ,incessu animalium1 ,*4 #c 7p4 #gje a74 #aeba ,z1 e4 g41 on ! /atues at ,olympia ( ! ,elean p5ta?lete ,anau*idas 7,p41 ,v1 #bg4ab7 & ,hysmon 7,p41 ,,vi1 #c4aj74 ,see supra1 p4 #afd4 #aebb ,jue?n]1 ,antike ,turng]aete1 pp4 #c-ac2 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xiv1 pp4 #bie f4 & ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 pp4 #agi f41 7especially pp4 #aha f474 ,! foll[+ section is tak5 *iefly f ^! two s\rces4 ,cf4 also ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #ahj-a2 ,p9d]1 ,a4 ,a41 #ahfd1 pp4 #bcj f4 #aebc ,national ,museum1 no4 #ijge2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhc1 fig4 on p4 #aij2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #a2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bih1 fig4 #fj4 ,! inscription ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #dbbd4 ,?is weight is #d4e in*es long ) concave sides & weighs #d lbs4 #b oz4 #aebd ,e4 g41 "o ( lead1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #ahb2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bii1 fig4 #fa c4 ,x weighs #b lbs4 #e oz4 #aebe ,v1 #bf4c2 ! gr\p dates f ! second half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #bfg-i4 #aebf ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhc1 fig4 on p4 #ajd2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #h2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cjj1 fig4 #fb2 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 fig4 #aj4 ,x is #aj in*es long4 7,! illu/rations %[ "o weight se5 f ?ree sides47 #aebg ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #ahj1 fig4 #aaja2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #i2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bii1 fig4 #fa;a 7f ca/ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum74 ,x is probably ( diorite & is #aa4e in*es long1 & weighs ov] #aj p\nds4 #aebh ,*4 #ee2 cf4 ,lucian1 ,ana*41 #bg 7 1 i4 e41 cyl9drical72 ,etym4 magn41 p4 #ga1 #bj4 #aebi ,su* is ! lime/one halt] f ,kameiros1 ,rhodes1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,b4 ,m4 ,guide to ,gk4 & ,rom4 ,life1 #aijh1 fig4 #da2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bii1 fig4 #fa b4 ,x is #g4e in*es long4 #aecj ,jue?n]1 fig4 #aa4 #aeca ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 #bb4 #aecb ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 #aheg-fc1 ,pl4 ,,lxxxii2 ,annali1 ,,xxxv1 #ahfc1 pp4 #cig f42 ,g>d9]1 p4 #agg1 fig4 #bb4 #aecc ,see ,caelius ,aurelianus1 de ,morb4 acut4 et *ron41 ,v1 #b4ch 7 ( ! e>ly 8 fif? c5tury ,a4 ,d474 ,! imp]ial physicians recomm5d$ !m3 see ,gal5 & ,antyllos1 apud ,oribasium1 ,coll4 ,m$ic941 ed4 ,bussemak] et ,d>emb]g1 #ahea1 ,,vi1 #ad & #cd1 respectively2 see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #cie f41 & ,jue?n]1 p4 #af4 #aecd ,*4 #ee4 #aece ,de ,incessu anim41 ,*4 #c 7p4 #gje;a74 #aecf ,made by ,e4 ,o4 ,g\rd91 9 ,cambridge1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,july #bc1 #aiba4 #aecg ,see ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 #ahha1 p4 #bah1 n4 #a2 ! jump took place at ,*e/] 9 #ahed2 "h is also record$ a /&+ jump ( #ac ft4 #g 94 ) #bc-lb4 weights1 at ,man*e/] 9 #ahge4 #aech ,m5tion$ by ,p9d]1 ,ueb] d4 ,fu5fkampf d4 ,hell55 7quot$ by ,jue?n]1 p4 #af74 #aeci ,s ,f$de1 p4 #bb4 ,a record ( #di ft4 #c 94 7hop1 skip1 & jump7 0 made at ,h>wi* 9 #ahfa3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,ii1 p4 #bha1 n4 #a4 #aedj ,a4 ,pl41 #big2 cf4 s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,a*>n41 #bac1 & o!r evid5ce ga!r$ by ,g>d9]1 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 pp4 #gj f4 #aeda ,rutg]s1 p4 #aa4 #aedb ,on ! controv]sy ab\t ^! jumps1 see ,g>d9]1 ,f$de1 ll4 cc41 & ,a4 ,a41 #aijj1 pp4 #ajd-f 7,kuepp]s1 ,diels1 & ,/5gel74 ,on ,greek jump+1 see also ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #chc f42 ,p9d]1 pp4 #ajh f42 ,f$de1 pp4 #ad f42 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cjc f42 ,gir>d1 ,l'ducation a?ni5ne1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bjj f42 etc4 #aedc ,see ,g>d9]'s summ>y 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #ahi4 #aedd ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 pelike 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #dbg2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #ahe1 fig4 #f2 etc4 #aede ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 krat] 9 ,cop5hag5 7873 ,annali1 ,,xviii1 #ahdf1 ,pl4 ,m2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cjc1 fig4 #fd2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ahe1 fig4 #g 7left-h& figure74 #aedf ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,bologna3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ahf1 fig4 #h2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cjd1 fig4 #fe2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #af2 on int]ior ( an e>ly r4-f4 vase1 sign$ by ,*elis1 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,g #ae3 ,potti]1 ,vases antiques1 ,pl4 #hi2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #cff1 fig4 #baa4 #aedg ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix f ,orvieto1 =m]ly 9 ! ,b\rguignon ,coll4 9 ,naples1 b n[ 9 ,bo/on3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xlii1 #ahhd1 p4 #bdc 7,mei]71 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 #b;b2 ,re9a*1 ,rp4 vases pe9ts1 ,i1 p4 #ded1 #a1 #e1 #f2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ahc1 fig4 #c2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cje1 fig4 #ff 7int]ior %[+ diskobolos1 ibid41 p4 #cbf1 fig4 #hj ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 p4 #bj1 fig4 #i72 ,jue?n]1 p4 #ae1 fig4 #ad2 ,gir>d1 ,l'duc4 a?n41 pp4 #bja1 #bjg1 figs4 #bb & #bg2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 p4 #dbc1 no4 #dd2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iii1 #a1 p4 #e1 fig4 #cfia1 ,,iv1 #b1 p4 #ajee1 fig4 #fjhc4 #aedh ,e4 g41 on a b4-f4 imitation ,cor9?ian amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #dh2 middle figure is giv5 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ahc1 fig4 #d2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cjf1 fig4 #fg2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #ae 7?ree figures74 #aedi ,+hirami1 ,mus4 ,*ius41 ,pl4 ,,cxxv 7quot$ by ,g>d9]74 #aeej ,e4 g41 on a ,pana!naic amphora 9 ,leyd53 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg p4 #bfj2 on a lat] r4-f4 kylix ( ,euphronios3 ,kle91 ,euphronios#b1 #ahhg1 p4 #cjf2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 p4 #ahh1 fig4 #i2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cjg1 fig4 #fh4 #aeea ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #bdh1 p4 #bf1 fig4 #aj 7"r72 ,gaz4 ar*41 #ahge1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv1 p4 #aca2 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 no4 #ae2 ,murray1 ,hbk4 ,gk4 ,ar*ology1 #ahib1 p4 #abc1 fig4 #ec4 ,! diskos is #h4be in*es 9 diamet] & is to be dat$ ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c4 ,on ! o!r side is repres5t$ a jump]1 ) measur+ cord 9 8 h&s1 measur+ 8 leap4 ,a simil> figure appe>s on a metrological relief at ,ox=d3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,iv1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv1 p4 #cce4 #aeeb ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes1 no4 #ha1 fig4 on p4 #ed 7?ree views72 ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 ,cat4 ,anc4 ,gk4 ,art1 #aijd1 p4 #df1 no4 #cg2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,iv1 #cde1 #i4 #aeec ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edc1 #g 7quot$ by ,miss ,ri*t]74 #aeed ,e4 g41 ! jump] ) halt]es on ! ,briti% ,museum pelike already m5tion$1 ,e #dbg2 see p4 #baf1 n4 #aj2 a /ill clos] resemblance is f\nd 9 a jump] )\t halt]es on a r4-f4 pelike discuss$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 p4 #bgb2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cji1 fig4 #fi4 #aeee ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #dci f4 ,e4 g41 ,apollo un9t5tionally slays ,hyak9?os :ile cont5d+ ) him 9 diskos-?r[+3 ,euripides1 ,hel5a1 #adfi f42 etc4 #aeef ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #hbf f4 ,lat] imitators ( ,hom] use ! ^w also3 e4 g41 ,apoll4 ,rhod41 ,,iii1 #acff4 #aeeg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #gag2 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #cgj2 ,jue?n]1 pp4 #bb-bc4 ,a l>g] block ( volcanic rock weigh+ #dhj kilograms has be5 f\nd at ,santor9 ) an inscription dat+ f ab\t #ejj ,b4 ,c4 /at+ t "o ,euma/as lift$ x f ! gr\nd3 ,i4 ,g41 ,,xiii1 no4 #ddi4 ,see ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 p4 #b4 ,su* a sc5e is depict$ on ! int]ior ( a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,g #if2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 fig4 #a4 #aeeh ,od41 ,,iv1 #fbf & ,,viii1 #ahf f4 ,! diskos-?r[ 0 well kn[n z a measure3 e4 g41 ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #dca4 ,s*olia/s tri$ to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! solos & ! diskos3 see ,jue?n]1 pp4 #ai f4 #aeei ,ol41 ,x1 #gb2 ,i/hm41 ,i1 #be4 #aefj ,e4 g41 on a b4-f4 amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #bga2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 ,pl4 ,i2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cad1 fig4 #ga2 cf4 ! ,pana!naic amphora1 ,b #acd 7 ,fig4 #dd72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 ,pl4 ,,xviii4 #aefa ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #cbjg2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cag1 fig4 #gc2 ,rev4 ar*41 ,,xviii1 #ahia1 ,pl4 ,,xviii1 p4 #de4 ,x is #f4e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! inscription is writt5 retrograde4 #aefb ,see li/ ( fifte5 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #f2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #caf2 eight ( ^! are f ,olympia4 #aefc ,i1 #ce4e4 #aefd ,furtwa5gl] %[s t !re are num]\s repres5tations ( ,myron's ,diskobolos on gems3 ,die antik5 ,gemm51 e4 g41 ,pls4 ,,xliv1 nos4 #bf1 #bg1 & ,,lxvi1 #h2 cf4 also a gem 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,gems1 #gdb & ,pl4 #aa4 #aefe ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 pp4 #a f41 ,pls4 ,i-,,iii1 summ>y on p4 #cf2 ,greek ,a?l4 ,sports1 ,*4 ,,xv1 pp4 #cac f4 ,cf4 also ,e4 ,p]nice1 ,jb41 ,,xxiii1 #aijh1 ,zum ,diskoswurf1 pp4 #id f41 :o corrects & augm5ts ! evid5ce furni%$ by ,g>d9]'s article 9 ! ,j4 ,h4 ,s4 ,on ! diskos & mode ( ca/+1 see also ,jue?n]1 pp4 #ah-cf2 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #ddb f42 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cba f42 ,gaz4 ar*41 #ahhh1 pp4 #bia f4 7,j4 ,six72 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,ii1 #a1 pp4 #bgg f42 ,f$de1 ,d] ,fu5fkampf d] ,hell551 pp4 #cg f42 ,gir>d1 ,l'duc4 a?n41 pp4 #bja f42 ,kietz1 ,d] ,diskoswurf bei d5 ,grie*51 #ahib1 pp4 #ae f4 #aeff ,e4 g41 on a leky?os f ,eretria3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bc1 fig4 #ab4 #aefg ,e4 g41 on a b4-f4 ,attic leky?os 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #egf2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 ,pl4 ,,ii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbh1 fig4 #hb2 on a r4-f4 kylix3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 p4 #bf1 fig4 #ae2 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,ccxciv1 no4 #f4 #aefh ,e4 g41 on ! rev]se ( a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum sign$ by ,pheidippos3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,,iii1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,e #f2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ac1 fig4 #c2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbc1 fig4 #gf2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #cfh1 fig4 #bad2 on a b4-f4 kelebe 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #cfa2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbd1 fig4 #gg2 on an ,attic b4-f4 panel-amphora 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,museum1 ,philadelphia3 ,museum ,j\rnal1 ,,vi1 ,no4 #d 7,dec41 #aiae71 fig4 #ij1 p4 #agj2 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xx1 #aiaf1 p4 #ddj1 fig4 #d2 7! obv]se ( ?is vase1 repres5t+ a box+ sc5e1 is giv5 9 our ,fig4 #ef72 on a b4-f4 amphora pictur$ by ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,cclx41 & ,p]nice1 l4 c41 fig4 on p4 #ih4 ,! left foot is g5]ally =w>d 9 ?is position3 e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni*1 no4 #gie2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #bf1 fig4 #ad2 ! "r is =w>d on two b4-f4 vases3 ,g]h>d1 ,pls4 ,,cclix1 #b 7 our ,pl4 #cf ,b71 & ,,cclx4 ,on a r4-f4 amphora 9 ,naples 7,p]nice1 fig4 on p4 #if71 a y\? is repres5t$ hold+ ! diskos ) ! "r h& on ! %\ld]1 aga9/ :i* 8 face is silh\ett$ z 9 ! fam\s ar*aic relief f ! ,dipylon gate discuss$ supra1 ,*4 ,,iii1 p4 #abg4 #aefi ,e4 g41 on ! amphora pictur$ by ,p]nice1 p4 #ii4 #aegj ,! left is =w>d on a r4-f4 krat] ( ,amasis f ,corneto3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #af1 fig4 #e2 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 p4 #daf1 fig4 #ef;a2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbd1 fig4 #gh2 ! "r is =w>d on a r4-f4 pelike 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #cie2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbe1 fig4 #gi4 ,! left is drawn back 9 a fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 bronze3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ah1 fig4 #g2 ,burl+ton ,f9e ,arts ,club1 ,cat4 ,anc4 ,gk4 ,art1 #aijd1 ,pl4 ,l4 ,ano!r example is f\nd on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,p>is3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #bg1 fig4 #ag2 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 ,pl4 ,,lxiii1 #b2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cca1 fig4 #he4 #aega ,= v>iations1 see e>ly fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 co9s ( ,kos 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #cj1 fig4 #ai2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ccb1 fig4 #hf4 #aegb ,e4 g41 on a ,pana!naic amphora 9 ,naples3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 p4 #cb1 fig4 #bj2 ,jue?n]1 fig4 #ca2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ccc1 fig4 #hg2 on a b4-f4 hydria 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #afd2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #cb1 fig4 #ba2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ccd1 fig4 #hh4 #aegc ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,b\logne3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #cd1 fig4 #bc2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cce1 fig4 #hi2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 ,i1 p4 #cgj1 no4 #aa2 cf4 ,beazley1 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases 9 ,am]4 ,mus41 #aiah1 no4 #ai 7 ascrib$ to ,eu]gides74 #aegd ,e4 g41 on ! kylix j m5tion$ 7! figure to ! "r74 #aege ,e4 g41 ! ar*aic ,p\rtals bronze3 ,pan(ka1 ,cab9et ,p\rtals1 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #c2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ede1 #c2 cf4 also ano!r 9 ! ,antiqu>ium 9 ,b]l93 ,inv5t>1 no4 #hegj2 ,a4 ,a41 #aijd1 p4 #cf1 n4 #g & fig4 on p4 #ce4 ,! latt] is #j4aj met] high4 #aegf ,mus4 ,bull41 ,,iii1 ,feb41 #aijh1 pp4 #ca-cf2 ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,etruscan ,bronzes1 no4 #gh1 p4 #di 7?ree views72 ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 pp4 #hi-ij1 figs4 #eb & #ec 7side views72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbi1 fig4 #hc4 ,x is #i4be in*es tall4 #aegg ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 krat] 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d1 no4 #efa2 on ano!r 9 ,muni*3 cf4 ,j4 ,d4 ,beazley1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxi1 #aiaa1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 #b2 bo? quot$ by ,miss ,ri*t]1 l4 c4 #aegh ,9 ! ,national ,museum1 no4 #gdab2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #cba & fig4 on p4 #bgj4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! ,kabeiroi 9 ,botia & is #j4ai met] high4 ,cf4 a simil> position on a r4-f4 amphora 9 ,muni* pa9t$ by ,eu?ymides3 no4 #cgd2 publi%$ by ,hopp91 ,eu?ymides & 8 ,fell[s1 #aiag1 ,pl4 ,,ii2 ,furtwa5gl]-,rei*hold1 ,grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 ,pl4 ,,lxxxi4 #aegi ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #fge2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bb1 fig4 #aa2 ,murray#b1 #a1 p4 #bgd1 fig4 #ei2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ccj1 fig4 #hd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edd1 #aj4 ,x is #f4e in*es tall4 #aehj ,cf4 also two v rude bronzes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum repres5t+ diskoboloi3 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 nos4 #ejb 7diskos held up 9 "r h&71 #ejd 7diskos 9 "r h&71 ! fir/ #c4cg in*es tall1 ! o!r #d4hg in*es2 ! latt] has a fillet 9 ! hair & s repres5ts a victor4 #aeha ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #eei2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 l4 c41 p4 #ag1 fig4 #f4 ,z ! :ole lebes is only #ah4e in*es tall1 ?is lid figure is v small4 #aehb ,a4 ,a41 #aijd1 p4 #cf1 fig4 #h4 ,inv5t>1 no4 #hefi4 ,x is #j4aae met] high4 #aehc ,publi%$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,e4 ,:ite 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxxvi1 #aiaf1 pp4 #af f41 ,pls4 ,i1 ,,ii & #c figs1 9 text4 ,pl4 ,i is ! m ar*aic3 ,museum no4 #ffae2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhc1 p4 #hf2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #bfg2 de ,ridd]1 pp4 #bha-b1 no4 #geg1 & fig4 #bfe4 ,pl4 ,,ii is ! less ar*aic3 ,museum no4 #ffad2 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhc1 p4 #df2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,x1 #ahhi1 pp4 #bfh-i 7,e4 ,a4 ,g>d9]72 ,/as1 op4 cit41 p4 #bfg2 de ,ridd]1 pp4 #bge-g1 no4 #gej1 & fig4 #beg4 #aehd ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,vii1 #bja1 traces its orig9 to ,aetolus1 son ( ,m>s4 ,phra/or won a victory 9 su* a conte/ at ,olympia3 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,x1 #ga4 ,see ,krause1 pp4 #dfe f42 ,jue?n]1 pp4 #cf f42 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xvi1 pp4 #cch f42 id41 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 pp4 #beh f42 ,d>-,sagl41 ,i1 #a1 pp4 #bbf f42 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,i1 pp4 #aahc f4 7,reis*72 ,gir>d1 ,l'duc4 a?n41 pp4 #bjc f42 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cbg f41 & ,,iii1 pp4 #afh f42 etc4 ,9 ! foll[+ acc\nt we are *iefly indebt$ to ,jue?n] & ,g>d9]4 #aehe ,see ,/ass(f apud ,/ephani1 ,comptes r5dus de la comm4 impr4 ar*aol41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahgb1 p4 #cjb4 ,cf4 ,jue?n]1 ,ph41 p4 #fd4 #aehf ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #hhd f42 cf4 #fcg4 #aehg ,! a?letic /yle appe>s on _m vases1 especially on r4-f4 ones2 see infra1 pp4 #bbc-d & notes4 #aehh ,! javel9 is held horizontally by ! w>rior on ! int]ior ( a b4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #chj2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #beb1 fig4 #b2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cdb1 fig4 #ic4 ,x 0 commonly held slop+ly ov] ! %\ld] level ) ! head 9 repres5tations ( ! a?letic /yle2 e4 g41 ! second a?lete f ! left 9 ! six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 b4-f4 ,pana!naic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,fig4 #dd73 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #acd2 cf4 also a simil> figure on ! six?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 amphora 9 ,leyd53 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,ix2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cfa1 fig4 #ajh4 #aehi ,at ,a!ns z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 !re 7 practical javel9 conte/s f horseback ) a t>get1 & su* conte/s kept up 9 ,!ssaly to ! "t ( ,hadrian3 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #cef-h4 ,?r[+ ! javel9 at a t>get f horseback is se5 on a ,pana!naic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ceg1 fig4 #ajf2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 ,pl4 ,,xx4 ,p9d> m5tions javel9-?r[+ ?ree times1 & 9 ea* case ! ?r[ 0 = di/ance3 ,nem41 ,,vii1 #gj-a2 ,i/hm41 ,,ii1 #ce2 ,py?41 ,i1 #dd4 ,lucian1 9 a passage ref]r+ to ! p5ta?lon at ,olympia1 says t a?letes compet$ = di/ance3 ,ana*>sis1 #bg4 ,on ?is "q1 see ,jue?n]1 pp4 #ed f4 #aeij ,hesy*ios calls x 1 s4 v42 see also ,pollux1 ,x1 #fd4 #aeia ,a4 ,z41 ,,xli1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #b1 & cf4 p4 #bbh 7,mil*hoef]74 #aeib ,see ,jue?n]1 figs4 #cd1 #ce1 #cf on pp4 #dj-da 7repres5t+ akonti/ai hold+ ! javel9 9 "o h& & ! am5tum 9 ! o!r74 ,fa/5+ ! ?ong is commonly depict$ on vases3 e4 g41 a y\? seat$ on ! gr\nd atta*+ ! am5tum is pictur$ on a r4-f4 hydria 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #afd2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #cb1 fig4 #be2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ccd1 fig4 #hh2 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 p4 #afd1 fig4 #c2 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,wu]zburg 7no4 #dcb71 a y\? is se5 w9d+ ! am5tum ar\nd ! akontion1 draw+ "o end ( ! ?ong tight by means ( 8 left foot3 ,jue?n]1 p4 #db1 fig4 #cg2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cdj1 fig4 #ia2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iii1 #a1 p4 #eii1 fig4 #daaf2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 ,i1 p4 #ic1 no4 #g4 ,on a r4-f4 amphora f ,vulci attribut$ to ,eu?ymides1 & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 we see an akonti/es hold+ ! spe> po9t$ to ! gr\nd & draw+ ! am5tum tight prep>atory to ! ?r[3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #bef2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 ,pl4 ,,xix2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cdh1 fig4 #ii2 ,hopp91 ,eu?ymides & 8 ,fell[s1 p4 #di1 ,pls4 ,,ix1 ,,xi2 id41 ,hbk41 ,i1 pp4 #ddb-c1 no4 #ai4 ,= ! v>i\s me?ods ( atta*+ ! am5tum1 see collection ( draw+s f vases 9 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cda1 fig4 #ib ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bej1 fig4 #a4 #aeic ,see ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #bfb f42 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #cej f4 #aeid ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,rome3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bff1 fig4 #ad2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ced1 fig4 #ajd2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #dh1 fig4 #dc4 #aeie ,d[nw>ds 9 ! r4-f4 amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 m5tion$ above1 ,e #bef4 #aeif ,no4 #bffg 7,jahn1 no4 #efb ,a72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 #aijg1 p4 #bfb1 fig4 #i2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cdi1 fig4 #ajj2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #dg1 fig4 #da2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 p4 #aih1 no4 #h4 #aeig ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,torlonia collection3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bfd1 fig4 #aa2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cea1 fig4 #ajb2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #eh1 fig4 #di4 #aeih ,e4 g41 badly done on ! ,muni* kylix m5tion$1 no4 #bffg2 also on a r4-f4 kylix ( ,panaitios f ,vulci 9 ,muni*1 no4 #bfcg 7,jahn1 no4 #gie73 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 p4 #ff1 ,pl4 ,,xi 7 ,re9a*1 ,rp4 vases pe9ts1 ,i1 p4 #dbb1 #b72 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bfd1 fig4 #ab2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #aje1 fig4 #ag2 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxi1 #c2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #fac1 fig4 #fgb2 ,hopp91 ,hbk41 p4 #dbf1 no4 #ed2 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #adeb1 fig4 #cdgh2 ,,iv1 #b1 p4 #ajef1 fig4 #fjhf2 on a r4-f4 amphora 9 ,muni* 7,jahn1 no4 #djh73 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvii1 p4 #bfe1 fig4 #ac2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cec1 fig4 #ajc2 ,furtwa5gl]-,rei*hold1 ,grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 ,pl4 ,,xlv4 #aeii ,p4 #dh4 #afjj ,see #bc/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr4 #afja ,b4 ,b41 no4 #bgc2 ,bulle1 #dg1 & pp4 #ig-ajb & fig4 #ah2 von ,ma*1 #aac2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #dhh f4 & ,pl4 ,,xii2 ,rayet1 ,i1 ,pl4 #bi2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,xxxiv2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bgf1 fig4 #dif2 ,f4 ,w41 #ejc4 #afjb ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*ule1 #aijb4 ,= ! ,apollonios bu/1 see ,b4 ,b41 no4 #ccf2 ,f4 ,w41 #eje4 ,an almo/ id5tical bu/--except = a wide fillet ar\nd ! locks & %\ld]s--0 f\nd 9 ! tabl9um ( ! same villa 7,inv5t41 no4 #fafd74 ,_m ( ^! heads d\btless come f bu/s or /atues :i* decorat$ gymnasia & pal/r4 #afjc ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 no4 #ece 7#j4ha met] high74 #afjd ,f4 ,w41 #ejg2 cf4 ,rayet1 ,i1 text to ,pl4 #bi4 #afje ,no4 #bic2 ,amelung1 ,museums & ,ru9s ( ,rome1 ,i1 pp4 #g f42 id41 ,vat41 ,i1 no4 #abf on p4 #aea & ,pl4 #ai2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #de2 ,guide1 ,i1 #eh2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ede1 #aj4 ,x is #b4aa met]s high 7,amelung74 ,cf4 ,loewy1 ,lysipp und ,se9e ,/ellung 9 d] gr4 ,pla/ik1 pp4 #e-g & #bc-d2 ,haus]1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,xii1 #aiji1 pp4 #ajd-ad4 ,= o!r replicas1 see ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bbh f42 ,mw41 pp4 #dba f4 #afjf ,mahl]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bi4 #afjg ,z we see f ! c>eful copy on a ,b]l9 gem3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 p4 #ca1 fig4 #c2 ,guide1 ,i1 p4 #ce1 fig4 #d2 & on a fun]>y relief 9 ,argos3 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #bhg f4 & ,pl4 ,,xiii 7,furtwa5gl]72 ,b4 ,b41 #bgi;,a2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dia1 fig4 #bej2 ,f4 ,w41 #ejd2 cf4 ,annali1 ,,li1 #ahgi1 p4 #bai 7,brunn72 ,mit*ell1 ,hi/4 ,anc4 ,sculpt41 #ahhc1 p4 #chf & fig4 #agf4 #afjh ,! uno crure insi/]e ( ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ef4 ,"h ,pl9y quotes ,v>ro to ! effect t ,polykleitos' /atues 7 almo/ exactly aft] ! same type 7pa5e ad unum exemplum74 #afji ,see ,mp41 pp4 #bab f4 & figs4 #ij & #ia 7head1 two views72 ,mw41 pp4 #djc f41 & ,pls4 ,,xxiv1 ,,xxv4 ,= ! /atue1 see also ,furtw4-,wolt]s1 ,bes*r4 d4 ,glypt4#b1 no4 #bie 7 god or a?lete72 ,kekul1 ,jb41 ,,iii1 #ahhh1 p4 #cg & ,pl4 #a 7 ,polykleitan & ,zeus72 ,b4 ,b41 #abb4 #afaj ,de in/it4 ,orat41 ,v1 #ab4ba4 #afaa ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ah4 #afab ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 p4 #bib1 n4 #b4 #afac ,mp41 pp4 #afc & #bbh2 ,mw41 p4 #dbj4 #afad ,e4 g41 t ( ,ktesilaos 7 ,kresilas2 see bel[7 9 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gf2 ( ,polykleitos1 ibid41 #ee1 & ( ,ari/odemos1 ibid41 #hf4 #afae ,?is torso is ( ,p5telic m>ble1 l _m ( ! lat] victor /atues at ,olympia1 & is fle%i] ?an ! ,naples & ,vatican copies3 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 p4 #bej & fig4 #bhd 7back view72 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lxii1 ,i2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bbh1 ,mw41 p4 #dbj4 ,x is 9 ! ,museum at ,olympia4 #afaf ,! ,naples copy is #a4ii met]s high2 see ,kalkmann1 ,die ,proport4 des ,gesi*ts 9 d4 gr4 ,kun/1 #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahic1 p4 #ec2 ! ,olympia torso is #a4aj met]s high = ! pres]v$ "p 7,treu74 #afag ,pro ,imag41 #aa4 #afah ,e4 g41 ! /atue ( ,polydamas1 ,p41 ,,vi1 #e4a2 ! base ( ! /atue ( ,kallias1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #adf2 ( ,eukles1 ibid41 no4 #aei2 etc4 #afai ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #dij2 he believ$ t ! orig9al /atue by ,polykleitos /ood 9 a ,gymnasion at ,argos4 #afbj ,cf4 infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cdb & n4 #b4 #afba ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes1 nos4 #hg 7pp4 #ef f41 & fig41 %[+ front & back1 on p4 #eg2 cf4 ,cat4 ,class4 ,coll41 p4 #aad1 fig4 #gb2 x is f ,cyprus71 & #hh 7fig4 on p4 #eh2 ,mus4 ,bull41 ,dec41 #aiac1 p4 #bgj1 ,ri*t]74 ,no4 #hg is #f4be in*es tall2 #hh is #e4ef in*es4 #afbb ,mp41 pp4 #bgi f4 ,furtwa5gl] wrongly ascrib$ ! /atue ( ,x5okles to ! eld] ,polykleitos4 #afbc ,see ! f9e draw+s ( ^! & o!r gr\ps f tomb no4 #ag 7( ,khety7 9 ,*ampollion1 ,monum5ts de l'gypte et de la ,nubie1 #ahde1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,ccclxxii-,,ccclxxviii2 ,pl4 ,,ccclxxiii1 #c ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,i1 p4 #gic1 fig4 #eba2 ,,ccclxxiv1 #d ibid41 p4 #gib1 fig4 #ebj4 ,ano!r sc5e f ! tomb ( ,nevo?ph is pictur$ 9 ,*ampollion1 ,pl4 ,,ccclxiv1 ,i4 ,see also ,ar*4 ,survey ( ,egypt1 ,b5i ,hasan1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 #ahid1 ,pl4 ,,xv2 cf4 a poor reproduction ( sev]al sc5es 9 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bg1 fig4 #fh4 #afbd ,de ,leg41 ,,vii1 #gif ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 #afbe ,philo/r41 ,imag41 ,,ii1 #cb 7p4 #heg71 ascribes its orig9 to ,h]mes' daught] ,palai/ra2 ,apollodoros1 ,,ii1 #d4i1 says t ! same god's son ,autolykos 0 ! tea*] ( ,h]akles4 ,pausanias1 ,i1 #ci4c1 says t ! sy/ematic in/ruction 9 ! art began ) ,!seus4 ,eu/a?ius1 s*ol4 on ,il41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #acbg1 says t ,k]kyon discov]$ x4 ,9 a s*olion on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,v1 #di1 ,boeckh1 p4 #dfe1 ,ph]ekydes & ,polemon are quot$ z say+ t ,!seus' *>iote] ,phorbas inv5t$ ! art1 & ,i/ros is quot$ z say+ t ,a!na taught ,!seus4 ,at ,olympia ,h]akles 0 a victor 9 wre/l+3 ,p41 ,v1 #h4d4 #afbf ,ajax 7,telamon7 & ,odysseus cont5d$ 9 a wre/l+ b\t :i* end$ 9 a draw3 ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #gaj-gcd2 9 l9e #gja1 & 9 ,od41 ,,viii1 #abf1 x is call$ 2 x appe>s among ! ,phaiakians 9 ,od41 ,,viii1 #ajc1 #bdf4 ,x 0 pictur$ along ) box+ on ! %ield ( ,h]akles by ,hesiod3 ,scut41 #cjb 7 74 #afbg ,p41 ,v1 #h4g2 ,ph41 #ab4 #afbh ,p41 ,v1 #h4i4 #afbi ,on rules & repres5tations ( wre/l+ 9 lit]ature & art1 see especially ,e4 ,n4 ,g>d9]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 pp4 #ad-ca2 pp4 #bfc-bic1 & ,pls4 ,,xi & ,,xii2 id41 ,greek ,a?l4 ,sports1 ,*4 ,,xviii1 pp4 #cgb-dja2 cf4 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #djj f2 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung u4 ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cde f4 ,an excell5t acc\nt ( a wre/l+ mat* is f\nd 9 ! olde/ ,greek prose romance1 ! ,ae?iopica ( ,heliodoros1 ,x1 #ca f42 cf4 also ! f9e acc\nt ( a b\t betwe5 ,diom$es & ,aias 9 ,qu9tus ,smyrnu3 ,,iv1 #bae f42 etc4 #afcj ,gr5fell & ,hunt1 ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,,iii1 #dff2 discuss$ by ,jue?n]1 ) "p ( ! text & translation1 9 8 edition ( ! de ,arte gymn4 ( ,philo/ratos1 p4 #bf4 ,on ! me?od ( select+ antagoni/s at ,olympia1 ! numb] engag$1 byes1 etc41 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #cgd-e4 #afca ,= co9s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 see ,g>d9]1 p4 #cgc1 fig4 #aji1 a1 b1 c 7f ,asp5dos1 ( ! fif? & f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c471 d 7f ,h]akleia 9 ,lucania1 ( ! f\r?71 e1 f 7f ,syracuse1 ( ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c471 g 7f ,alex&ria ( ! "t ( ,anton9us ,pius72 see also id41 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 p4 #bga1 fig4 #i4 #afcb ,see especially1 ,g>d9]1 ll4 cc4 #afcc ,describ$ by ,lucian1 ,ana*41 #bd4 #afcd ,describ$ by ,qu9tus ,smyrnu1 ,,iv1 #bae f4 & ,nonnos1 ,,xxxvii1 #eec f42 discuss$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 pp4 #be f4 #afce ,no4 #baei2 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 p4 #aa1 fig4 #i2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 p4 #bgj1 fig4 #h2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #chf1 fig4 #aaf2 ,furtwa5gl]-,rei*hold1 ,die grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 ,,iii1 pp4 #gc f41 & ,pl4 ,,cxxxiii2 ,g]h>d1 ,tr9ks*al5 und ,gefaesse des k4 ,museums zu ,b]l9 und &]] ,sammlung51 #ahdh-ej1 ,pls4 ,,xix1 ,,xx2 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 p4 #djj1 n4 #a & ,pl4 ,,xxiv1 #b2 ,w4 ,kle91 ,die grie*4 ,vas5 mit ,mei/]signatur5#b1 #ahhf1 no4 #d2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 ,i1 p4 #cb1 ,pl4 on p4 #cc4 #afcf ,no4 #bddd2 ,trans4 ,univ4 ,p5n4 ,mus41 ,,ii1 #aijf-aijg1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv1 a1 & pp4 #adj f4 7,w4 ,n4 ,bates72 ,j4 ,d4 ,beazley1 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases 9 ,am]4 ,museums1 #aiah1 p4 #aaa 7,lysis1 ,la*es1 & ,lykos gr\p72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cib1 fig4 #abb4 #afcg ,inv5t41 #efbf-efbg2 ,b4 ,b41 #ced2 ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercolanese dei ,pisoni1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xv1 #b & #c2 ,bulle1 #ia2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cgh1 fig4 #aaj 7 "o /atue72 von ,ma*1 #bhi2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #eda 7 "o /atue72 etc4 ,!y appe> to be boys ( ab\t sixte51 & consequ5tly may repres5t conte/ants 9 ! 4 ,! /atues are #a4ah met]s high 7,bulle74 ,! advanc$ foot 9 no4 #efbf is wrongly re/or$4 #afch ,kalkmann1 ,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 p4 #fd1 n4 #di 7doli*odromoi74 #afci ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 p4 #chb4 #afdj ,jb41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #aaf1 n4 #h2 cf4 ,b5ndorf1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,iv1 #aija1 pp4 #agb-c & n4 #ab4 ,mahl] wrongly ?\ght t ! heads 7 diff]5t3 ,polyklet u4 s4 ,s*ule1 p4 #ah2 he assign$ "o to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! o!r to ! influ5ce ( ,praxiteles4 ,b5ndorf believ$ ! two figures to be copies ( "o /atue1 lat] us$ to make a gr\p4 #afda ,bulle1 no1 #ij2 9 ! ,l&esmuseum ( ,d>m/adt3 see ,adamy1 ,ar*aeol4 ,samml4 des gros%]z4 ,hess4 ,museums1 #ahig1 p4 #ba1 no4 #ai4 ,! figures are only #j4jge met] high4 #afdb ,bulle1 p4 #agi1 fig4 #dj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,iv1 #cah1 #b2 = o!r simil> ones1 cf4 ibid41 ,,ii1 #b1 #eci1 #b 7cov] ( a ci/a f ,pra5e/e71 #e 79 ! ,l\vre71 #f 79 ,vi5na ,e4 von ,sack51 ,die ant4 ,bronz4 d4 k4 k4 ,mu5z-und ,ant4-,cab9etes 9 ,wi51 #ahga1 ,pl4 ,,xlv1 #g71 & ,,iii1 #aee1 #c 79 ,=man ,collection1 ,london74 #afdc ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes1 no4 #abd & fig4 on p4 #gi2 x is #d4e in*es high4 #afdd ,e4 g41 ,walt]s1 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #fci2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgg1 ,pl4 ,,xlv1 #a a42 ,babelon et ,blan*et1 ,cat4 des bronzes antiques de la ,bibl4 ,nationale1 #ahie1 no4 #ice4 #afde 1 ,,ii1 ,plates4 #afdf ,g>d9]1 p4 #cie1 fig4 #abf2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 p4 #bhf1 fig4 #bc2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #cbh1 fig4 #ha4 #afdg ,g>d9]1 p4 #cif1 fig4 #abg2 ,cl>ac1 #hjb1 #bjad4 #afdh ,j4 ,sievek+1 ,die ,bronz5 d] ,samml4 ,loeb1 #aiac1 pp4 #eb-d & ,pl4 ,,xxi2 x is #j4afe met] high4 ,o!rs !re li/$ include "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 ,pl4 ,,xi1 b 7front & back71 & text on p4 #bhh2 ,g>d9] p4 #cih1 fig4 #abi2 ano!r f ,vi5ne 9 ,bonn2 two 9 ,p>is1 9 ! de ,cl]cq & ,w>rocqu collections respectively2 & a fif?1 ^: location is unkn[n4 ,all are ( r\gh ,roman workman%ip1 ei!r ( ! second or fir/ c5turies ,b4 ,c4 #afdi ,see ,pet]s5 9 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xv1 #aijj1 pp4 #aeh f42 ,kle91 ,,iii1 pp4 #cji f42 ,sievek+1 op4 cit41 p4 #ec1 n4 #a4 ,! copies are 9 ,flor5ce 7,gall]ia di ,fir5ze1 ,,iii1 ,pl4 #abc1 #b2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ech1 #e72 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,comptes r5dus de la comm4 impr4 ar*ol41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahfg1 ,pl4 ,i1 pp4 #e f41 text by ,/ephani2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 p4 #bij1 fig4 #be2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cii1 fig4 #acj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ech1 #a & #c72 9 ,con/ant9ople1 f ,antio* 7,jb41 ,,xiii1 #ahih1 ,pl4 ,,xi & pp4 #agg f41 ,fo]/]2 ,rev4 ar*41 ,,xxxv1 #ahii1 ,pl4 ,,xviii1 pp4 #bjg f41 ,j\b92 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 #aije1 p4 #bia1 fig4 #bf2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #djj1 fig4 #aca72 9 ! ,l\vre1 f ,egypt 7no4 #cfa2 ,jb41 ,,xvi1 #aija1 fig4 on p4 #ea2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #bcd1 #b72 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #hec & ,pl4 ,,xxvii1 middle "o bel[74 ,9 ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg copy ! arms ( ! victor are *ang$ ar\nd4 #afej ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 #edg2 ,bulle1 #ahd2 von ,ma*1 #bhh2 ,f4 ,w41 #adbf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebc1 #a4 #afea ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #achb 7 ,attic72 ,jb41 ,,xxv1 #aiaj1 ,pl4 ,,vii1 & pp4 #aga f4 7,bieb] ,euphranor72 cf4 ,r4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahia1 p4 #cjd1 n4 #b 7,pet]s5 ,skopaic72 ,furtw41 ,mw41 p4 #eae1 n4 #d 7 ,skopaic74 #afeb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hj4 #afec ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ga2 s ,reis*1 p4 #de1 n4 #e4 ,see supra1 p4 #bjf4 #afed ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #acj4 ,x 0 probably votive 9 "*4 #afee ,ol4 #ada 7 #baf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4i2 ,hyde1 #afg2 ,fo]/]1 #dga2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agi4 #afef ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afd2 draw+ ( ! base also 9 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bgi1 fig4 #aah2 ,mw41 p4 #dia1 fig4 #he4 ,! inscription dates f ! end ( ! fif? or beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :i* %[s t ! /atue 0 ! "w ( ! y\ng] ,polykleitos4 ,x5okles won sometime betwe5 ,ols4 787 #id & #ajj 7 #djd & #chj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1#i4b2 ,hyde1 #he & p4 #da2 ,fo]/]1 #cjh4 #afeg ,pp4 #de-f2 he won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4c2 ,hyde1 #hh2 ,fo]/]1 #bhe4 #afeh ,cf4 ,lucretius1 ,v1 #abhb3 arma antiqua manus ungues d5tesque fu]unt2 ,hor41 ,sat41 ,i1 #c4aja2 etc4 #afei ,betwe5 ,epeios & ,euryalos1 ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #fec f42 ,odysseus & ,iros1 ,od41 ,,xviii1 #a f42 cf4 ! mat* betwe5 ,entellus & ,d>es 9 ,virgil1 ,a541 ,v1 #cfb f42 ,polydeukes & ,amykos 9 ,!okr41 ,,xxii1 #hj f42 & 9 ,apollon4 ,rhod41 ,argon41 ,,ii1 #fg f4 ,= ! ,hom]ic & ,virgilian mat*es1 see ,f5c+1 ,box+1 & ,wre/l+1 #ahhi 7,badm9ton ,libr>y71 pp4 #abe f4 #affj ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #fec2 he uses ! same epi!t ( wre/l+1 ibid41 #gja1 & ,od41 ,,viii1 #abf4 ,eu/a?4 ad ,il41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #acbb1 speaks ( ! 4 #affa 3 frag4 #ai1 l4 #d 7 ,philos4 ,fragm41 ed4 ,didot1 ,i1 p4 #ajd ,a!n41 ,x1 #f1 p4 #dad;a74 ,apollon4 ,rhod4 calls x 1 ,,ii1 #gf-g4 ,! p>ts injur$ 7 especially ! nose1 e>s1 *eeks1 *91 & tee?2 cf4 ,krause1 p4 #eaf & n4 #ah4 #affb ,see ,orsi1 ,museo ,ital4 di anti*4 class41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,v1 p4 #hjh2 cf4 ,jue?n]1 pp4 #fe-f1 & ,fro?+ham1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #ahhh1 ,p4 #ddd4 #affc ,see ,krause1 pp4 #dig f4 ,ph41 #i1 says t x 0 an inv5tion ( ! ,sp>tans & 0 fir/ us$ among ! ,bebrykes4 #affd ,p41 ,v1 #g4aj2 cf4 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,viii1 #d4d 7:i* speaks ( victories ( ,apollo 9 box+74 #affe ,p41 ,v1 #h4d4 #afff ,,xxiii1 #ffj4 #affg ,plut41 l4 c4 #affh ,! s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,v1 #hi1 ,boeckh1 p4 #dfe1 says t ,!seus in/itut$ ! art ( box+4 #affi ,p41 ,v1 #h4 #g2 ,afr41 s4 v4 ,onoma/os2 ,ph41 #ab2 ,hom]ic ,hymn to ,apollo1 #adi2 cf4 ,fo]/]1 #bh4 ,! date is also giv5 by ,ph41 l4 c4 #afgj ,p41 ,v4 #h4 #i2 ,ph41 #ac4 #afga ,see ,k4 ,t4 ,fro/1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #bac;f2 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xix1 pp4 #djb f42 ,krause1 pp4 #dig f4 #afgb ,see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #ejb f42 ,jue?n]1 pp4 #fe f42 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #djc f4 #afgc ,mosso1 ,! ,palaces ( ,crete1 #aijg1 p4 #cci1 & fig4 #afj on p4 #cda4 ,orsi1 l4 c41 believes ! object ov] ! fi/s 9 ! bronze %ield fragm5t f ,m\nt ,ida to be "p ( a glove1 ?\gh ,jue?n] rejects ?is view1 int]pret+ x m]ely z an ornam5t4 #afgd ,s*ol4 on ,plato1 de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #gif ,a2 ,clem4 ,alex&r41 ,/rom41 ,i1 #af4gf4 #afge 3 ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #fhd4 ,9 ! ,odyssey ,iros & ,odysseus fight ) b>e fi/s4 #afgf ,e4 g41 ,p41 ,,vi1 #bc4d & ,,viii1 #dj4 #c2 ,apoll4 ,rhod41 ,argon41 ,,ii1 #eb-ec2 cf4 ,plato1 de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcj ,b4 #afgg ,e4 g41 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #fc1 & ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #fh1 fig4 #ed2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #djc1 fig4 #acb2 x repres5ts box]s ) bundles ( ?ongs 9 _! h&s /&+ be=e an (ficial4 #afgh ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #ci2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 ,pl4 ,,xii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #djd1 fig4 #acc2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #ff1 fig4 #ec2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 p4 #bcg1 ,pl4 ,on ! int]ior ( ano!r a y\? is se51 ?ongs 9 h&1 /&+ be=e an alt>3 ,murray1 ,designs f ,gk4 ,vases 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #bd4 #afgi ,museum no4 #bddd2 ,trans4 ,univ4 ,p5n4 ,mus41 ,,ii1 #aijf-aijg1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv1 b4 & p4 #adb 7text by ,w4 ,n4 ,bates74 #afhj ,,ix1 #aaf4 ,a simil> game is m5tion$ by ,plato1 ,!aet41 ,,xxvii 7 #aha ,a74 ,on bo? games1 see ,krause1 pp4 #cbc f4 #afha ,jue?n]1 pp4 #fi f41 rightly expla9s su* objects z box+ ?ongs4 #afhb ,*4 #aj2 cf4 ,p41 ,,viii1 #dj4c4 #afhc ,e4 g41 on ! kylix j m5tion$1 ,e #ci2 on a r4-f4 amphora 9 ,muni* 7,jahn1 no4 #daa;,b73 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 p4 #daj4 fig4 #ee2 on ! int]ior ( a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni*1 no4 #aaef3 ,jue?n]1 p4 #gj1 fig4 #ef2 & on ! int]ior ( ! r4-f4 kylix 9 ! ,briti% ,museum to be discuss$1 ,e #gh 7 ,fig4 #ee73 ,murray1 ,designs f ,gr4 ,vases 9 ! ,b4 ,m41 ,pl4 ,,xiv1 #ee2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #gb1 fig4 #eh2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #djf1 fig4 #acd2 on a r4-f4 amphora 9 ! ,h(museum 9 ,vi5na by ,epiktetos we see 7figure at ! left7 a box] :o is j f9i%+ ty+ ! ?ongs on 8 left h& & wri/3 ,d>-,sagl41 ,,iv1 #a1 p4 #gee1 fig4 #ehed2 ,s*neid]1 ,ar*4-epigr4 ,mitt4 aus ,oe/]r41 ,v1 #ahha1 pp4 #aci f41 & ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,hopp91 ,hbk4 ,attic r4-f4 ,vases1 p4 #ccd1 no4 #be1 & ,pl4 on p4 #cce4 #afhd ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,v1 no4 #d2 ,textbd41 p4 #ce4 #afhe ,p41 ,,viii1 #dj4e2 cf4 ,,ii1 #bj4 #a4 #afhf ,,viii1 #dj4c4 ,cf4 ! /atues ( ,damox5os & ,kreugas by ,canova 9 ! ,gab9etto di ,canova ( ! ,vatican1 to see 9 h[ exagg]at$ a way a mod]n sculptor has int]pret$ ! box+ b\t ( ^! fam\s a?letes3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 nos4 #acf1 #acg2 ,guide1 #aci1 #adj2 ,pi/olesi1 ,il ,vaticano ,descritto1 ,,iv1 #ia4 #afhg ,de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcj ,b2 ,plut41 de ,pr(ectibus 9 virtute1 ,,ix 7#hj ,b72 ,pollux1 ,,iii1 #aej2 ,bekk]1 ,anecd4 gr41 #ahad-ahba1 ,i1 ,p4 #fb1 l4 #be4 #afhh ,e4 g41 on an amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #fjg2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,xlviii1 e #b2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #djg1 fig4 #ace2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #hc1 fig4 #fg2 on ! ,ficoroni ,ci/a 9 ! ,museo ,kir*]iano1 ,rome3 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #ageb2 ,guide1 #dcg2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #hb1 fig4 #ff1 a1 c4 ,on ?is ci/a1 see ,f4 ,behn1 ,die ficoronis*e ,ci/a1 ,ar*4 ,/udie1 #aijg2 ,o4 ,jahn1 ,die ficoronis*e ,ci/a1 #aheb2 etc4 #afhi ,late writ]s g5]ally use ! t]ms & int]*angeably4 #afij ,e4 g41 9 ,plut41 ,praecept4 g]4 resp41 #cb 7 #hbe e74 #afia ,jue?n]1 p4 #gh1 fig4 #fc2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dji1 fig4 #acg4 ,= ?is & ! delle ,t]me glove1 see ,huels51 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #age f4 #afib ,jue?n]1 p4 #gi1 fig4 #ed42 ,anti*i di ,ercolano1 ,bronzi1 ,,ii1 pp4 #daa f4 #afic ,9 ! ,museo ,civico !re2 m5tion$ by ,jue?n]1 p4 #gh4 #afid ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #aade2 ,guide1 #fbe2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #ebd1 fig4 #eff2 ,jue?n]1 p4 #he1 fig4 #fh4 #afie ,! ^w 1 ,a4 ,g41 ,,xi1 #gh1 may be m]ely a comic "n = ! gloves--c]ta9 protub]ances 78metal /uds0 or 8nails0 ,liddell & ,scott1 s4 v4 look+ l w>ts 772 cf4 ,pollux1 ,,iii1 #aej4 #afif ,a541 ,v1 #djd-e2 #dfh-ga4 #afig ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #ci2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xii4 #afih ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,e #gh2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 ,pl4 ,,xiii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dcf1 fig4 #aea4 #afii ,mus4 ,j\rn41 ,,vi1 no4 #d 7,dec41 #aiae71 p4 #afi1 fig4 #hi2 text by ,dr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,luce1 :o believes ?is class ( vases to be a prototype ( ! 8,nolan0 vases2 ano!r 8,nolan0 amphora is giv51 ibid41 fig4 #ij 7also publi%$ 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xx1 #aiaf1 p4 #ddj1 fig4 #d71 :i* %[s a diskobolos1 :o is hold+ a diskos 9 a way simil> to t on a r4-f4 kelebe 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #cfa2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #cbd1 fig4 #gg74 ,on ! division ( ,attic b4-f4 amphor into 8panel-amphor0 & 8r$-bodi$ amphor10 see ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,hi/4 ,anc4 ,pott]y1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman1 #aije1 ,i1 pp4 #afj-fb4 #agjj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adi4 #agja ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aee 7r5ew$72 ! date ( ! victory is giv5 by ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4h2 ,hyde1 #fe2 ,fo]/]1 #bfc4 #agjb ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adg1 #adh4 ,! /atue /ood equally on bo? feet1 ! left be+ slightly advanc$4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i2 ,hyde1 #ajb2 ,fo]/]1 #bcg4 #agjc ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afe 7r5ew$72 base drawn 9 outl9e 9 ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bhh1 fig4 #abc2 ,mw41 p4 #ejc1 fig4 #ij4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4f2 ,hyde1 #aae2 ,fo]/]1 #cgf4 ,"h ! body weight re/$ ^u ! left foot1 ! "r be+ flat on ! gr\nd & turn$ to "o side1 i4 e41 9 ! old s*eme ( ,hageladas & 8 s*ool4 #agjd ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aei 7r5ew$72 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #hf4 ,?is /atue 0 9 ! same attitude z t ( ,ari/ion & 0 slightly ov] life-size4 ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ij & #ic 7 #dbj & #djh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4b2 ,hyde1 #eb2 ,fo]/]1 #big4 #agje ,mi*aelis1 p4 #ddf1 no4 #ce2 ,cl>ac ,v1 #idf1 #bdcf ,a 7wrongly ,ant9\s74 ,see ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #bhh f4 7& fig4 #abd72 ,mw41 pp4 #ejc f4 7& fig4 #ia74 ,height #a4ge met]s 7,mi*aelis74 #agjf ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #bdf1 fig4 #ii2 ,mw41 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #fi2 a headless copy 9 ,lansd[ne ,h\se3 ,mi*aelis1 p4 #dch1 #c2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hea1 #bahj ,a4 ,"h ! pres5t head is ( diff]5t m>ble f ! torso & does n belong to x2 ! body =ms recall ^? ( ! ,doryphoros4 ,x is #a4di met]s high4 #agjg ,n4 ,scav41 #ahhh1 pp4 #bhi f4 7,b>racco72 ,atti dell' ,accad4 di ,napoli1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ce f4 7,sogliano72 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #agi f4 7,huels572 ,kalkmann1 ,die ,proport4 d4 ,gesi*ts 9 d4 gr4 ,kun/1 #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahic1 ,pl4 ,,iii 7pr(ile & front views71 & fig4 on p4 #fh 7head72 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fad 7/atue71 #fae 7head1 two views72 ,jue?n]1 p4 #hd2 etc4 #agjh ,furtwa5gl] 7,/atu5kopi5 im ,alt]tum7 & ,sogliano 7l4 c47 date ! /atue 9 ! p]iod ( ,augu/us4 #agji ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fac2 ,kalkmann1 ,die ,prop4 des ,gesi*ts1 ,pls4 ,i 7/atue7 & ,,ii 7head1 two views74 #agaj ,b4 ,b41 nos4 #acb1 #acd-e2 ,f4 ,w41 #dfb4 #agaa ,pl41 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ej & #gi4 ,= ?is view1 see text to ,b4 ,b41 no4 #fad4 ,furtwa5gl] _h sugge/$ ,lykios z ! sculptor ( ! ,oil-p\r]3 ,mp41 p4 #bei4 #agab ,?\gh w9n+ 9 ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c471 8 /atue 0 set up lat] by 8 son3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4a-c2 ,hyde1 #ic & p4 #db2 ,fo]/]1 #acg4 ,! ^w 7lit4 8to fight 9 ! %ade10 & h5ce to practice 9 ! gymnasium7 is us$ synonym\sly ) 9 ! s5se 8to sp>30 ,plato1 de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcj ,c2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4c2 ,pollux1 ,,iii1 #aej2 etc4 ,cf4 ,paul's phrase 9 ,i ,cor9?ians1 #i1 #bf4 ,a d]iv$ mean+ is 8to fight ) a %ad[03 e4 g41 ,plato1 ,apol41 #ah ,d2 etc4 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 ,or41 ,,xxxii 7#cfg ,m71 speaks ( z gymnasium practis]s4 ,see ,krause1 pp4 #eaj f4 #agac ,! 0 su* a bag us$ by a?letes3 cf4 ! prov]b1 1 8to labor 9 va903 ,diog41 #g1 #ed4 ,! ,ficoroni ci/a has be5 m5tion$ supra1 p4 #bcg1 n4 #d4 ,! description & use ( ! bag are giv5 by ,ph41 #eg4 #agad ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #gjd2 ,guide1 ,,ii1 #bjg4 #agae ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 #cgb ,b1 pp4 #eed-e & ,pl4 ,,lviii2 ,cl>ac1 #hhc1 #bbef4 ,x is #j4ece met] high4 #agaf ,bes*r41 no4 #dfi2 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 pp4 #bah f4 & fig4 #ad 7re/or$71 int]pret$ ! torso z t ( an ,apollo2 b ! ,phrygian co9 !re pictur$ 7,mu5ztafel1 ,,iv1 #ca71 ( ! "t ( ,lucius ,v]us1 may m]ely %[ t ! motive lat] 0 transf]r$ to ! god4 #agag ,bronz5 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 pp4 #ba-b2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,viii1 no4 #eg4 ,x is only #j4aab met] high4 #agah ,e4 g41 ,bronz5 v4 ,ol41 ,pl4 ,,viii1 nos4 #ea-ed 7/atuettes72 ,pl4 ,,vi1 nos4 #ei & #fc 7arm & "r l[] leg respectively72 cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #ci4 #agai ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 p4 #aii4 ,see ,b4 ,b41 no4 #ea2 ,f4 ,w41 #hi2 etc4 ,!ag5es won 9 ,ols4 #ge1 #gf 7 #dhj1 #dgf ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4b f42 ,hyde1 #ajd2 ,fo]/]1 #aia1 #aif4 #agbj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afh4 ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ii & #ajc 7 #chd & #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4a2 ,hyde1 #cf2 ,fo]/]1 #dai4 #agba ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aeh2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ih2 he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ie & #ajj 7 #djj & #chj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4c2 ,hyde1 #ed2 ,fo]/]1 #cai4 #agbb ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #agf4 ,he won two victories 9 box+ "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #add & #adg 7 #bjd & #aib1 ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4f2 ,hyde1 #adg2 ,fo]/]1 #eaj1 #eab 7:o dates ! arti/ t[>d ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c42 b ,i h foll[$ ! e>li] dat+ ( ,hill] von ,ga]tr+51 ,wo*4 f4 kl4 ,philol41 ,x1 #ahic1 p4 #hef1 :i* date has be5 accept$ by ,ditt5b]g]74 #agbc ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agd4 #agbd ,,vi41 #h4e4 #agbe ,see ,hyde1 de olymp4 ,/at41 pp4 #ci-da4 ,!re ,ol4 #hj or #hd 7 #dfj or #ddd ,b4 ,c47 has be5 sugge/$ = ! orig9al victory4 #agbf ,philippos won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aai & #abe 7 #cjd & #bhj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #gi a4 #agbg ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ege1 9 discuss+ my solution ( ! difficulty1 call x 8s9nrei*1 ab] do* ungeme9 komplizi]t10 & ! assumption t a victor w\ld use an old] /atue ( a fell[ c\ntryman to celebrate 8 own victory 8sehr b$5kli*40 #agbh ,cf4 ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bif4 #agbi ,op4 cit41 p4 #da4 ,see also supra1 p4 #ahh4 #agcj ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pl4 ,,ii 7head1 two views72 ,annali1 ,,xlvi1 #ahgd1 ,pl4 ,l & pp4 #ea f4 7,brizio72 ,photo4 ,giraudon1 no4 #abjg4 #agca ,furtwa5gl] sees 9 ?is /atue a "w by ,py?agoras3 ,mp41 p4 #aga f42 ,mw41 pp4 #cde f42 ,brizio1 l4 c41 ascribes x to ,hageladas4 #agcb ,supra1 pp4 #ahj-a4 #agcc ,on ! pankration1 see ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xx1 pp4 #dce f42 id41 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #d f4 & ,pls4 ,,iii-,v2 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #ecd f42 etc4 #agcd ,= ! etymology1 see ,plato1 ,eu?ydem41 #bga ,c1 ,d2 def9ition1 ,pollux ,,iii1 #aej2 ,plut41 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,,ii1 #d 7conta9+ also fanciful etymologies ( 72 cf4 ,philo/r41 ,imag41 ,,ii1 #f 7conta9+ a full acc\nt ( ! conte/ 9 ! description ( ! dea? ( ,arrha*ion72 cf4 s*ol4 on ,plato1 de ,rep41 ,i1 #cch ,c1 ,d4 #agce ,vita ,demonactis1 #di 7aga9/ bit+74 #agcf ,l4 c4 7aga9/ bit+ & g\g+74 #agcg ,aves1 #ddb-c2 ,pax1 #hih-i4 #agch ,e #gh2 ano!r example is se5 on a r4-f4 kylix 9 ,baltimore3 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dcg1 fig4 #aeb2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #i1 fig4 #c2 ,h>twig1 ,die grie*4 ,mei/]s*al51 ,pl4 ,,lxiv2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #fbi1 fig4 #cej4 #agci ,nem41 ,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,v2 ,i/hm41 ,,iv1 ,v1 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 ,,viii4 #agdj ,frag4 #ai1 l4 #e 7ap4 ,a!num1 ,x1 #f #dad a74 #agda ,e4 g41 ,mahaffy1 9 8 ,old ,greek ,life1 #ahhf1 p4 #ef2 see ,g>d9]1 pp4 #dce-g1 9 refutation ( su* an exagg]at$ view4 #agdb ,de ,leg41 ,,viii1 #hcb ,e2 #hcd ,a4 #agdc ,old] writ]s1 e4 g41 ,fab]1 ,agoni/icon 7publi%$ 9 #aeib71 ,i1 #i1 p4 #ahbh1 ?\ght t ! glove 0 us$1 an op9ion long ago refut$ by ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #eci1 n4 #b4 ,wald/e91 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 p4 #ahe1 wrongly says t ! pancratia/ sometimes wore gloves4 ,pausanias does n m5tion !m1 nor d we see !m on any ( ! vase-pa9t+s4 #agdd ,,vi1 #f4e4 #agde ,,vi1 #ae4e4 ,cf4 also ,v1 #ag4aj1 :]e1 9 describ+ ! box+ mat* betwe5 ,admetos & ,mopsos repres5t$ on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos1 he says --a h9t ( ! dang]\s "* ( box+4 #agdf ,oneir41 #a1 #fb4 ,?is1 at be/1 seems to be an exagg]ation4 #agdg ,philo/r41 l4 c4 #agdh ,,viii1 #dj4c-e4 #agdi ,to ,!seus3 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,nem41 ,v1 #hi1 ,boeckh1 p4 #dfe2 cf4 s*ol4 on ,nem41 ,,iii1 #bg1 ,boeckh1 p4 #ddb2 to ,h]akles3 ,p41 ,v1 #h4d4 #agej ,p41 ,v1 #h4h2 ,ph41 #ab2 & ,afr4 #agea ,p41 ,v1 #h4aa2 ,ph41 #ac4 #ageb ,e4 g41 at ,nemea2 ,p9d> compos$ ,nem41 ,v1 9 honor ( ! boy ,py!as ( ,aeg9a1 :o won 9 787 #dhe ,b4 ,c42 x 0 introduc$ at ,delphi 9 ! #fa/ ,py?iad3 ,p41 ,x1 #g4h2 at ! ,i/hmus 9 my?ical times3 ,p41 ,v1 #b4d4 #agec ,collect$ by ,g>d9]1 op4 cit4 #aged ,describ$ by ,lucian1 ,ana*>41 ,i4 #agee ,?is ?r[ is depict$ on ! walls ( ! tombs ( ,b5i-,hasan on ! ,nile & is practis$ to-day by ! ,japanese2 x is describ$ by ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lxxi1 #g4 #agef 3 describ$ by ,soph41 ,tra*9iae1 #ebj f41 & ! s*ol42 see also ,ovid1 ,met41 ,,ix1 #ea4 ,cf4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #ae-af4 #ageg ,e4 g41 on f\r ,grco-,roman gems 9 ! ,briti% ,museum pictur$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #aj1 fig4 #d2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ddg1 fig4 #afb4 #ageh ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #fjd2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 ,pl4 ,,iii2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ddb1 fig4 #aeg4 #agei ,e #gh4 #agfj ,m5tion$ by ,plato1 ,alcibiades1 ,i1 #ajg ,e2 ,ph41 #ej2 ,pollux1 ,,iii1 #aej2 ,suidas1 s4 v4 & s4 v4 2 ,lucian1 ,lexiphanes1 #e2 de ,saltatione1 #aj2 ,reis*1 ap4 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,i1 p4 #aaig2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #edh2 ,grasb]g]1 ,erziehung und ,unt]ri*t1 ,i1 pp4 #cdi-ej2 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #dba f41 #eaj f42 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #ac-ae1 :]e ,g>d9] discusses ! ^w 9 anci5t writ]s & concludes t x _h no?+ to d ) wre/l+1 b only ) box+ 7bo? ! sep>ate ev5t & "p ( ! pankration71 & meant 8to sp> lightly ) an oppon5t = practice40 #agfa ,he won ?ree victories 9 ,ols4 787 #ajd1 787 #aje1 & #ajf 7 #cfd-cef ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4a2 ,hyde1 #cg2 ,fo]/]1 #cdi1 #cec1 #cei4 ,?is explanation ( ,pausanias has be5 accept$ by ,krause & mo/ mod]n au?orities1 b is f\nd unt5able by ,g>d9]1 :o bases 8 int]pretation1 n on ,pausanias1 b on ! accurate def9ition ( ,suidas4 #agfb ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,vi1 #ahhb1 pp4 #ddf f4 #agfc ,he won 9 ,ols4 #ha & #hb 7 #def & #deb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4c2 ,hyde1 #ch2 ,fo]/]1 #bjb1 #bjc2 cf4 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei4 ,he 0 probably m]ely repres5t$ 9 ! prelim9>y tactics ( gett+ a grip4 #agfd ,see ,reis*1 p4 #df2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #abj4 #agfe ,anz4 d4 ,wi5] ,akad41 #ahhg1 pp4 #hf f4 7,b5ndorf72 ,reis*1 l4 c4 #agff ,a4 de ,ridd]1 ,les bronzes antiques du ,l\vre1 ,i1 #aiac1 ,pl4 #fc1 no4 #ajfg1 & p4 #aca 7 pancratia/72 ,rev4 ar*41 #ahfi1 ,,ii1 p4 #bib2 ,bulle1 no4 #if 7"r72 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edc1 #d4 ,x is #j4bge met] high4 #agfg ,see supra1 p4 #afg4 #agfh ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ee4 ,haus]1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,xii1 #aiji1 pp4 #aaf f4 ,8 reason+ is accept$ by ,bulle4 #agfi ,ges4 ,/ud4 zur ,kun/ges*41 ,fe/s*r4 fu] ,a4 ,spr+]1 #ahhe1 pp4 #bfj4 #aggj ,see ,s4 ,q41 #adfc-fg4 #agga ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lv1 #d-e2 ,textbd41 pp4 #bab f41 & fig4 #bci2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #ccf2 cf4 ,imm]wahr1 ,kulte und ,my!n ,arkadi5s1 ,i1 #ahia1 p4 #bhh4 #aggb ,ar*iv fu] late9is*e ,lexikographie u4 ,grammatik1 ,,ix1 #ahid1 #a1 pp4 #aji f4 #aggc ,mp41 p4 #bdi1 n4 #b2 ,mw41 pp4 #dea-b2 he adduc$ two passages f ,ovid's ,met41 ,,xiv1 #djb 7saevisque p>ant incess]e telis71 & ,,xiii1 #eff-g 7telorum lapidumque incess]e iactu coepit74 #aggd ,?is explanation has be5 foll[$ by ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 l4 c42 ,sittl1 ,p>]ga zur alt5 ,kun/ges*41 p4 #bd2 ,kle91 ,,ii1 pp4 #cfb f42 ,jex-,blake1 p4 #bce2 & o!rs4 #agge ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #da4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4a2 ,hyde1 #ej2 ,fo]/]1 #bjh4 #aggf ,collection ,somze1 #ahig1 ,pls4 #c-e2 see ,hyde1 to no4 #ej1 on p4 #h4 ,its quiet & res]v$ pose recalls t ( ! ,pelops ( ! ,ea/ gable ( ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia 7,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ix1 #b2 ,textbd41 pp4 #df f474 ,because ( its ar*aic grace1 ?\gh x %[s no trace ( ar*aic /iffness1 x might ev5 be ref]r$ to ! s*ool ( ,kritios & ,nesiotes4 #aggg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aec2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #bi4 ,he won ! pankration 9 ,ols4 #hg1 #hh1 #hi 7 #dcb-dbd ,b4 ,c472 ,p41 ,,vi1 #g4a2 ,hyde1 #fa2 ,fo]/]1 #beh1 #bfj1 #bfb4 #aggh ,,vi1 #b4a2 to be discuss$ infra1 ,*4 ,,vi1 pp4 #bic f4 #aggi ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #eib f4 ,agias 0 n only a victor at ,delphi ?ree times1 at ,nemea five times1 & at ! ,i/hmus five times1 b 0 also an ,olympic victor 9 ! pankration1 ,ol4 787 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c473 see inscription1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 l4 c41 p4 #eic1 & = ! date ( ! ,olympic victory1 ,k4 ,k4 ,smi?1 9 ,class4 ,philol41 ,v1 #aiaj1 pp4 #afi f42 cf4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aiji1 pp4 #ddg f4 #aghj ,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 no4 #edg2 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 #ff2 ,b4 ,b41 #dca2 ,bulle1 #ahd2 von ,ma*1 #bhh2 ,f4 ,w41 #adbf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #ebc1 ,i2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #heh ,a1 #bagf2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,,xxxvi1 #adi2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 p4 #ai2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ddi1 fig4 #afc4 ,! gr\p is #j4ih met] high & #j4ga met] broad 7,duets*ke74 #agha ,bulle dates x at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c42 bo? he & ,amelung believe x to be ! "w ( a foll[] ( ,lysippos2 see also ,b4 ,graef1 ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #aai f41 :o believes t ! orig9al heads ( ! gr\p are pres]v$1 ! "o /ill on ! "u pancratia/1 ! o!r on ! /atue ( a ,niobid 9 ! ,uffizi 7,duets*ke1 ,,iii1 no4 #bec71 ! head n[ on ! upp] pancratia/ be+ a mod]n copy ( x4 ,see ,amelung's reply 9 ,a4 ,a41 #ahid1 pp4 #aib f4 #aghb ,e4 g41 von ,ma*1 ,pls4 #bfe f4 #aghc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxvi1 #bd2 see note ad loc4 by ,jex-,blake4 #aghd ,ae?41 ,x1 #ca1 #cb2 quot$ 9 full by ,krause1 ,,ii1 pp4 #iab f4 #aghe ,duets*ke1 ,wolt]s1 von ,ma*1 & ,lucas 7! latt] 9 ,jb41 ,,xix1 #aijd1 pp4 #abg f4 & figs47 ?\ght t ! wre/l+ gr\ps on ! ,roman mosaic ( ! ,imp]ial p]iod f\nd 9 ,tusculum 9 #ahfb 7 influ5c$ by ! ,flor5ce gr\p3 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 #aheg-fc1 ,pl4 ,,lxxxii2 ,annali1 ,,xxxv1 #ahfc1 pp4 #cig f42 ,s*reib]1 ,bild]atlas1 ,pl4 ,,xxiii1 #aj2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #agg1 fig4 #bb4 #aghf ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 p4 #cj4 #aghg ,he won 9 ,ol4 #adb 7 #bab ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4aj2 cf4 ,v41 #ba4aj2 ,hyde1 #aej2 ,fo]/]1 #dgd1 #dge4 #aghh ,e4 g41 by ,g>d9]1 p4 #adf4 #aghi ,bulle1 no4 #gb2 ,b4 ,b41 #bhe2 von ,ma*1 #bcf2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #dbg1 fig4 #bbb2 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #ddh1 fig4 #bba2 ,f4 ,w41 #abfe2 ,m4 ,w41 #a1 ,pl4 ,,xxxviii1 #aeb2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dfe1 #a1 #b1 #c2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #ghi1 #aigh2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #adg1 fig4 #ba2 etc4 ,x is #c4ag met]s high 7,bulle74 #agij ,an excell5t "o is 9 ! ,uffizi3 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 #dj2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dgd1 #a2 a colossal replica 0 f\nd 9 ! sea (f ,antiky!ra3 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aijb1 ,suppl41 ,pl4 ,b1 #g2 "o 9 ! ,pitti ,gall]y w be m5tion$ imm$iately4 #agia ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #cde4 #agib ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 no4 #cf2 ,amelung1 ,fuehr]1 p4 #acd2 ,b4 ,b41 #bhd2 ,m4 ,w41 ,,xxxviii1 #aea2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #baj1 #e4 ,= ! inscription1 see ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ejf2 x has be5 ne$lessly attack$ z a =g]y--an anci5t "o by ,w9ckelmann1 ,mon4 ,in$iti1 pp4 ,,lxxvi f41 & a mod]n "o by ,maffei1 ,ars critica1 ,,iii1 #a1 p4 #gf 7bo? quot$ by ,duets*ke71 & m rec5tly by ,/ephani1 ,d] ausruh5de ,h]akles1 pp4 #afd f4 ,! inscription is at lea/ z old z ! sixte5? c5tury1 z x is m5tion$ by ,flam9ius ,vacca 7see ,duets*ke74 #agic ,numism4 ,*ron41 ,sr4 #c1 ,,iii1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,i1 #e1 p4 #i4 #agid ,m5tion$ by ,/rabo1 ,,vi1 #c4a 7 ,c4 #bgh71 & describ$ by ! late writ] ,niketas1 ,*ron4 de signis ,con/ant41 #e 7:o wrongly calls ,lysippos ,lysima*os74 #agie ,ges*4 d4 bild4 ,ku5/e1 ,,ii#b1 ,,pp4 #bde f4 #agif ,p4 #bcd4 #agig ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b;a & #b2 ,textbd41 pp4 #aj-aa2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbc4 #agih ,de olymp4 ,/at41 p4 #ef4 #agii ,on ! 8f9/]] ,blick0 ( ?is class ( victor monum5ts1 see ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 #agc2 ,mw41 p4 #cdh2 & ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,text1 pp4 #aj-aa4 #ahjj ,?us ,furtwa5gl] assigns x to ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian pancratia/ 7,phil&ridas7 m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 ,,vi1 #b4a2 see ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #aa4 ,i h assign$ an e>li] m>ble head to ,phil&ridas1 infra1 pp4 #bic f4 #ahja ,s ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #afh2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ecd2 ,f4 ,w41 l4 c42 etc4 #ahjb ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iii1 #c1 #c;a2 ,textbd41 pp4 #aa-ab2 ,f4 ,w41 no4 #cbd4 #ahjc ,de olymp4 ,/at41 p4 #ef4 #ahjd ,cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #bj1 #ac3 2 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,iii1 #cf f43 444 ' 4 #ahje ,on ! hippodrome & its ev5ts at ,olympia & else:]e1 see ,a4 ,m>t91 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iii1 #a1 #aijj1 pp4 #aic f4 7art4 ,hippodromos72 on ! *>iot1 ,saglio1 ibid41 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #afcc f4 7art4 ,currus72 ,k4 ,s*neid]1 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,viii1 pp4 #agce f42 ,julius1 9 ,baum41 ,i1 pp4 #fib f42 ,pollack1 ,hippodromica1 ,diss4 inaug41 #ahij2 ,g>d9]1 ,*4 ,,xxi1 pp4 #dea f42 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #eeg f42 etc4 #ahjf ,see ,isokrates1 ,,xvi 7de ,bigis71 #cc 7p4 #cec c72 ,x5ophon1 de ,re eque/r41 ,,ii1 #a2 ,ari/otle1 ,politics1 ,,vi1 #c4b 7 #abhi b #ce71 ,,viii1 #g4a 7 #acba a #aa72 ,plut41 de ,adul4 et ,amic41 ,*s4 #g & #af 7latt] quot+ ,k>neades74 ,on ! exp5se ( horse-bre$+ 771 see also ,x541 ,ages41 ,i1 #bc2 id41 ,oecon41 ,,ii1 #f2 ,plut41 ,ages41 ,,xx1 #a2 ,p9d>1 ,i/hm41 ,,ii1 #ch2 ,,iv1 #bi2 etc4 #ahjg ,! fir/1 second1 & f\r?1 accord+ to ,?ukyd41 ,,vi1 #af2 ! fir/1 second & ?ird1 accord+ to ,eurip41 fragm4 #c 7 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #bff71 & ,isokr41 de ,bigis1 #cd 7p4 #cec d74 ,see ,fo]/]1 #bge4 #ahjh ,see ,oxy4 ,pap41 ,,ii1 p4 #bbb4 #ahji ,besides #bd victories ( bo? 9 v>i\s runn+ races4 ,! old] "p ( ! inscription 7) a *>iot-gr\p 9 relief7 0 discov]$ by ,leake3 see ,travels 9 ! ,morea1 #ahcj1 ,,ii1 p4 #eba1 & ,pl4 #ga 7at ! end ( ,,iii72 bett] reproduction by ,dressl] & ,mil*hoef]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahgg1 pp4 #cah f42 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #gi2 ,tod1 ,sp>ta ,museum ,cat41 no4 #ddj4 ,! new] portion is discuss$ 9 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aijf-jg1 pp4 #agd f4 #ahaj ,see ,hill1 ,co9s ( ,sicily1 pp4 #dc f4 #ahaa ,,viii1 #ch4e2 see ,exp$4 sci5tif4 en ,more1 #ahca-ahch1 ,,ii1 p4 #cg1 & ,pls4 ,,xxxiii1 ,,xxxiv4 ,x 0 #bdj by #aje met]s 9 ext5t1 ?\gh ! actual c\rse 0 probably only a /ade long4 #ahab ,see li/ 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,viii1 pp4 #agdc-d4 #ahac ,describ$ by ,p41 ,v1 #ae4e f41 & ,,vi1 #bj4aj f4 ,= its position1 see ,do]pfeld1 ,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,i1 p4 #gh2 ,curtius u4 ,adl]1 ,olympia und ,umgeg5d1 #ahhb1 p4 #cj2 ,boetti*]1 ,olympia3 ,das ,fe/ u4 se9e ,/aette#b1 #ahhf1 p4 #aai2 ,g4 ,h]rmann1 de ,hippodromo olympiaco1 #ahci 7 ,opusc41 ,,vii1 pp4 #chh74 ,five attempts at recon/ruction are giv5 by ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #fdc f41 & ,pl4 ,,vi3 ^? ( ,visconti 7#agif72 ,a4 ,hirt 7,ges*4 d4 ,baukun/ bei d4 ,alt51 #ahbg1 ,,iii1 pp4 #adh f41 & ,pl4 ,,xx1 #h2 reproduc$ 9 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #fic1 fig4 #gej2 ,smi?1 ,dict4 ,antiq4#c1 #ahij1 ,i1 p4 #ifc2 ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #hc1 fig4 #f72 ,lehndorff 7,hippodromos1 #ahgf72 ,pollack 7op cit41 p4 #eb72 ,w]nicke 7,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 p4 #aii74 ,to ^! %\ld be add$ ^? ( ,a4 ,m>t9 7op4 cit41 p4 #aih1 fig4 #chdd72 ,w5ig] 7,klio1 ,,ix1 #aiji1 p4 #cjc1 ! aphesis transcrib$ by ,g>d9]1 p4 #dec1 fig4 #afd74 ,see also ,guhl u4 ,kon]1 ,das ,leb5 d4 ,gr4 u4 ,roem4#f1 #ahic1 pp4 #bcc f4 & ,fig4 #bga 7 re/oration ( ,pollack71 & cf4 ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #aej1 n4 #i4 #ahad ,see ,blass1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xxiii1 #ahhh1 p4 #bbb 7n4 #a72 ,r4 ,s*o5e1 ,a4 ,a41 #ahig1 pp4 #gg-h2 id41 ,jb41 ,,xii1 #ahig1 pp4 #aej f4 7,neue ,angab5 ueb] d5 ,hippodrom zu ,olympia72 ,gasp>1 9 article on ,olympia 9 ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iv1 #a1 p4 #agg & n4 #e2 ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #fag2 etc4 #ahae ,,vi1 #bj4h4 #ahaf ,il41 ,,xxiii1 #bfb-fej4 ,! f\r-horse *>iot-race fills m ?an "o & "o-half times z _m v]ses z ! sev5 o!r conte/s comb9$ 7vv4 #fea-hig74 ,hom]'s description 0 (t5 imitat$ by lat] poets1 especially by ,sophokles1 ,electra1 #fih-gfc 7race at ,delphi72 ,nonnos1 ,dionys41 ,,xxxvii1 #ajc-dhd2 ,qu9tus ,smyrnu1 ,,iv1 #ejj-eie2 ,/atius1 ,!b41 ,,vi1 #bgd-ebg2 etc4 ,hesiod describes a race z wr\ght on ,h]akles' %ield3 ,scut41 #cje f4 #ahag ,p41 ,v1 #aj4f-g2 ,,vi1 #ba4f-g2 ,,viii1 #ad4aj-aa2 etc42 ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,i1 #fg f4 #ahah ,diod41 ,,iv1 #gc4c4 #ahai ,,viii1 #d4e4 #ahbj ,e4 g41 ,ne/or won at ! games ( ,am>ynkeus1 ,iliad1 ,,xxiii1 #fcj f4 ,on su* my?s1 see ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #eeh f4 #ahba ,e4 g41 ! race betwe5 ,pelops & ,o9omaos 0 repres5t$ on ! *e/ ( ,kypselos1 ,p41 ,v1 #ag4g1 & 9 ! sculptures on ! ,ea/ gable ( ! temple ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 ,p41 ,v1 #aj4f-g4 ,x appe>s also on _m e>ly vases3 e4 g41 on ! ,franois vase 9 ,flor5ce & ! ,amphi>aos vase 9 ,b]l94 ,= ! latt]1 see ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,x1 #ahgd-gh1 ,pls4 ,,iv-,v2 ,annali1 ,,xlvi1 #ahgd1 pp4 #hb f4 7,rob]t72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bi1 fig4 #c4 #ahbb ,v1 #h4g4 #ahbc ,see ,plato1 de ,rep41 ,,iii1 #ai 7 #dab ,b72 ,isokr41 de ,bigis1 #cc 7p4 #cec c72 ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lii1 #cj2 ,hdt41 ,i1 #afg2 ,&ok41 #d1 #bf 7,contra ,alcib472 ,soph41 ,electra1 #fih2 etc4 #ahbd ,,vi1 #b4b2 he won 9 ! hoplite-race & *>iot-race 9 ,ols4 787 #hc1 #hd 7 #ddh1 #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ab2 ,fo]/]1 #baa ,a4 #ahbe ,fo]/] ?9ks t ! /ory arose f ! small size ( "o ( ! horses 9 ! monum5t ( ,lykidas4 #ahbf ,^! & ! foll[+ figures are giv5 9 ! ,con/ant9ople ,,ms4 ,! l5g? ( ! f\r-horse *>iot-race !re giv5 agrees ) passages 9 ,p9d> 7,ol41 ,,ii1 #ej2 ,,iii1 #cc2 ,,vi1 #ge2 cf4 ,py?41 ,v1 #cc1 = ,delphi7 & ! s*olia/s 7on ,ol41 ,,iii1 #ei1 ,boeckh1 p4 #ajb1 & ,py?41 ,v1 #ci1 ,boeckh1 p4 #chj74 ,see also ,pollack1 ,hippodromica1 pp4 #ajc f41 & ,g>d9]1 p4 #deg4 #ahbg ,p41 ,v1 #h4aj4 #ahbh ,l5g? /at$ by ! ,,ms4 & by a s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,v1 #ci1 ,boeckh1 p4 #chj4 #ahbi ,^? ( ,troilos ( ,elis1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ajc 7 #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cde2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aff2 & ( ,ake/orides ( ,alex&ria 9 ! ,troad1 :o won betwe5 ,ols4 #adb & #add 7 #bab & #bjd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4g2 ,hyde1 #aai & pp4 #di-ej2 ,fo]/]1 #eja2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahd4 #ahcj ,= ! date1 see ,p41 ,v1 #h4aj2 ,x541 ,hell41 ,i1 #b4a2 = ! ev5t1 ,krause1 ,i1 pp4 #efg f4 #ahca ,troilos1 already m5tion$1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ajb 7 #cgb ,b4 ,c47 & _h a /atue by ,lysippos3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cch4 #ahcb ,euryleonis3 ,p41 ,,iii1 #ag4f2 ,fo]/]1 #cdd4 #ahcc ,! 0 introduc$ at ,delphi 9 #cih ,b4 ,c41 :ile ! 0 introduc$ !re 9 #ehb ,b4 ,c43 see ,d>4-,sagl41 ,,iii1 #a1 p4 #bjb1 = ^! & o!r dates ( eque/rian ev5ts at ! ,py?ian games4 #ahcd ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #acj4 #ahce ,! date is giv5 9 ! ,arm5ian v]sion ( ,afr42 cf4 also ,p41 ,v1 #h4aa4 #ahcf ,p41 ,v1 #h4h4 #ahcg ,p41 ,v1 #h4aa4 #ahch ,,xv1 #fgi-hd2 ,hesiod1 ,scut41 #bhe f4 ,on my?s relat+ to x1 see ,krause1 ,i1 p4 #ehb1 n4 #a4 ,we read ( equi desultorii at ! games inaugurat$ by ,cs> 9 ,rome3 ,sueton41 ,julius1 #ci4 ,see supra1 p4 #c4 #ahci ,,vi1 #ac4i4 #ahdj ,p41 ,v1 #i4a4 ,polemon1 frag4 #ba 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #abb71 apud s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,v1 ,argum4 7,boeckh1 p4 #aag71 says t ! ceas$ 9 ,ol4 #hd 7 #ddd ,b4 ,c471 if we accept ,boeckh's correction = 4 ,a s*olia/ on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,v1 l9es #f & #ai 7,boeckh1 pp4 #aai & #abb7 says ,ol4 #he 7 #ddj ,b4 ,c472 ano!r on ,ol41 ,,vi1 ,argum4 7,boeckh1 p4 #abi71 says ,ol4 #he or ,ol4 #hf4 ,b ,ol4 #he may be reconcil$ ) ,pausanias' & ,polemon's date by assum+ t ! proclamation ( abolition fell 9 ,ol4 #hd1 b t ! ev5t 0 fir/ omitt$ 9 ,ol4 #he2 see ,b5tley1 ,diss4 ^u ! ,epi/les ( ,phal>is1 p4 #bjj 7ed4 ,w4 ,wagn]74 #ahda ,,vi1 #i4b2 ,hyde1 #hd4 #ahdb ,v1 #i4a2 he won ,ol4 #gj 7 #ejj ,b4 ,c472 ,fo]/]1 #aeg4 #ahdc ,anaxilas ( ,rhegion1 ^: victory fell sometime betwe5 ,ols4 787 #gj & #gf 7 #ejj & #dgf ,b4 ,c471 & 0 celebrat$ by ,simonides1 frag4 #g 7 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #cij72 ,agesias ( ,syracuse1 ^: victory fell ,ol4 787 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c471 & 0 celebrat$ by ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vi2 & ,psaumis ( ,kam>9a1 ^: victory1 fall+ ,ol4 787 #ha 7 #def ,b4 ,c471 0 sung by ! pseudo-,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,v 7 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,i1 pp4 #aji f472 he also won 9 ! *>iot-race 9 ,ol4 787 #hb 7 #deb ,b4 ,c471 a victory sung by ,p9d> 9 ,ol41 ,,iv4 ,see ,fo]/]1 nos4 #agc1 #baj1 #bcd1 & #bch4 #ahdd ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bbj1 #bba2 ,fo]/]1 #fja4 #ahde ,! corrupt text ( ,africanus is "h correct$ by ,gelz]1 ,s4 ,jul4 ,afr4 und die byzant4 ,*ronographie1 #ahhj1 ,i1 pp4 #afh f4 ,g>d9]1 p4 #afe1 n4 #c1 wrongly gives ! victory ( ,g]manicus z ,ol4 #aid1 ?us confus+ x ) t ( ,tib]ius4 #ahdf ,fo]/]1 #fdb-fdg4 #ahdg ,ol4 #bjh 7 #ec ,a4 ,d472 ,fo]/]1 #fcd4 #ahdh ,mo/ ( ! gems repres5t+ su* conte/s1 h[ev]1 ref] to ! ,roman circus4 #ahdi ,= illu/rations ( ! two1 see ,d>4-,sagl41 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #afcf f41 figs4 #bbjc f41 & cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #deh f42 an excell5t illu/ration ( a f\r-horse *>iot & driv] is se5 on an ,attic-,cor9?ian goblet 7d9os7 9 ! ,l\vre3 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 opp4 p4 #aaf2 also sev]al at re/ & rac+ on ! ,franois ,vase3 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #ada1 fig4 #ic1 p4 #aed1 fig4 #aja 7 ,furtw4-,rei*hold1 ,grie*4 ,vas5mal]ei1 #aijd-aiab1 ,pls4 ,,iii1 #aj1 & ,,xi-,,xii474 #ahej ,von ,ma*1 no4 #e4 #ahea ,see1 e4 g41 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculptur$ ,tombs ( ,hellas1 #ahif1 figs4 #ah-bj4 #aheb ,c4 ,smi?1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #ahif-g1 pp4 #ahc f41 dates ^! prize amphor f ! middle ( ! six? to ! close ( ! f\r? c5turies ,b4 ,c41 z ! la/ ( ! s]ies is dat$ #cac ,b4 ,c4 ,9 ?is article he publi%es a mosaic f\nd on ,delos 7,pl4 ,,xvi1 a7 & dat+ f ! e>ly second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 :i* reproduces a ,pana!naic amphora ) an illu/ration ( a *>iot-race--! late/ date at :i* ei!r a prize-amphora 7or picture ( "o7 c be prov$ to h be5 us$4 ,he believes 7p4 #ahg7 t x is ! repres5tation ( an amphora won long be=e by ! ance/or ( ! own] ( ! mosaic1 c>efully pres]v$ 9 8 family4 #ahec ,b4 ,m4 ,guide to ,greek & ,roman ,life1 #aijh1 p4 #bjj4 #ahed ,e4 g41 on a ,pana!naic amphora 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 dat+ f ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #acb2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #deh1 fig4 #aff2 cf4 also a silv] tetradra*m f ,rhegion 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfj1 fig4 #afh4 #ahee ,philip won 9 ,ol4 #ajf 7 #cef ,b4 ,c473 ,plut41 ,alex41 #c & #d2 cf4 ,ju/91 ,,xii1 #af1 #f2 twice at unkn[n dates3 ,fo]/]1 #cfj1 #cfd1 #cgj4 ,z we h no record ( a victory by him 1 ! two-horse *>iot appe>+ on 8 co9s 7e4 g41 a gold /at] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dei1 fig4 #afg1 "r7 may ref] to unrecord$ victories1 or else may be int]pret$ 7) ,g>d9]7 z a pun on 8 "n4 #ahef ,e4 g41 on a silv] tetradra*m ( ,rhegion 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfj1 fig4 #afh4 ,?is & o!r co9s commemorate ! victory 9 ?is ev5t ( ! ,rhegion pr9ce ,anaxilas1 already m5tion$3 ,ari/otle1 frag4 #bbh;a1 ap4 ,pollux1 ,v1 #gc 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #agc72 ,fo]/]1 #agc4 #aheg ,e4 g41 a decadra*m ( ,akragas 7dat+ f ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c47 & ano!r ( ,syracuse 7f ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c47 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 reproduc$ by ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfe1 fig4 #agb4 #aheh ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aijf-g1 ,pl4 ,v2 ,g>dn]1 p4 #def1 fig4 #afe4 #ahei ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,ccxlix & ,,ccl2 ,d>4-,sagl41 l4 c41 fig4 #bbai4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ,luci5 ,bonap>te's collection4 #ahfj ,a4 ,v41 ,pls4 ,,ccli-,,ccliv4 #ahfa ,b4 ,b41 #ehf-g & figs4 #a-ad 7text by ,furtwa5gl]72 ,ri*t]1 ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman ,bronzes 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 #aiae1 pp4 #ag f41 no4 #dj1 & figs42 ,p4 ,ducati1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,xii1 #aiji1 pp4 #gd f42 ,j4 ,(=d1 ,r4 ,ar*41 ,sr4 ,,iv1 ,,iii1 #aijd1 pp4 #cje-g & ,pls4 ,,vii-,,ix1 etc4 ,closely alli$ 9 /yle to its decorative designs are fragm5ts ( ano!r *>iot f\nd at ,p]ugia & n[ di/ribut$ among ! ,p]ugia1 ,muni*1 & ,briti% ,museums3 ,pet]s51 ,a4 ,m41 ,x1 #ahid1 pp4 #bec f42 ,b4 ,b41 #ehh-ehi4 ,cf4 also fragm5ts ( simil> te*nique f ,capua3 ,froehn]1 ,cat4 de la ,collection ,dutuit1 #ahig-aija1 ,,ii1 p4 #aii1 no4 #bej1 & ,pls4 #aij-aie4 #ahfb ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xii1 #aijh1 pp4 #cab f41 ) plates & figures4 #ahfc ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxvi1 #ca4 #ahfd ,vitruv41 de ,ar*41 ,,vii 7,praef471 #ab-ac4 #ahfe ,see ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,ii1 nos4 #ajjj-ajje & ,pl4 ,,xvi2 = discussion ( ! gr\p1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxx1 #aiaj1 pp4 #acc-afb 7,j4 ,b4 ,k4 ,pre$y74 #ahff ,e4 g41 ,,xxxiv1 #ga 7,calamis et alias quadrigas bigasque fecit se imp>i1 equis s9e aemulo expressis72 ,,xxxv1 #ii 7,ari/ides 444 p9xit et curr5tes quadrigas72 ,,xxxiv1 #gh 7,euphranor72 #fd 7,lysippus 444 fecit et quadrigas multorum g5]um72 #ff 7,eu?ykrates72 #hj 7,pyroma*os72 #hh 7,m5og5es72 #hf 7,ari/odemos74 #ahfg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a2 to be m5tion$ infra1 p4 #bgi4 #ahfh ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4d-e4 #ahfi ,p41 ,v1 #bg4b4 #ahgj ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab4 #ahga ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4h & #ai4f1 & cf4 #aj4h2 ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #cf2 ,hyde1 #ii;a & p4 #dd2 ,fo]/]1 #aje4 ,pausanias "h confuses ?is eld] ,miltiades ) ! son ( ,kimon1 z does also ! pseudo-,&ok41 ,,iv1 #cc4 #ahgb ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4h2 cf4 ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ajc2 ,hyde1 #ii;b & p4 #dd2 ,fo]/]1 #gg-gi4 #ahgc ,"s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #fh & #gj 7 #ejh & #ejj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4f2 ,hyde1 #afj & pp4 #eh-i2 ,fo]/]1 #gig 7undat$74 #ahgd ,kalliteles won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ff & #fh 7 #eaf & #ejh ,b4 ,c473 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #fcb2 ,hyde1 #afa2 ,fo]/]1 #ggd 7undat$74 #ahge ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,v1 #cd f42 date giv5 by s*ol4 on ,py?41 ,,iv1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #cdb4 ,p9d>'s ,py?41 ,,iv & ,v celebrate ?is victory4 ,! same s*olia/ also records a *>iot-victory ( ,arkesilas at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c472 ,fo]/]1 #bbi4 #ahgf ,p41 ,v1 #ab4e2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #fcd2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ajj4 ,kyniska won two *>iot-victories 9 ,ols4 787 #if1 #ig 7 #cif1 #cib ,b4 ,c471 & = !m also _h an eque/rian gr\p set up 9 ! ,altis1 ! "w ( ! ,meg>ian arti/ ,apellas1 :i* we %all discuss lat]3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4f f42 ,hyde1 #g2 ,fo]/]1 #cbf1 #ccc2 see infra1 p4 #bfg4 #ahgg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4g2 ,hyde1 #ajh2 ,fo]/]1 #hja 7undat$74 #ahgh ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #abh & #acg 7 #bfh & #bcb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4i2 ,hyde1 #afi2 ,fo]/]1 #ddf2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agh4 #ahgi ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4e2 cf4 #aj4f-h4 ,9 ! latt] passage 7#h7 ,pausanias says t ,kleo/h5es1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #ff1 0 ! fir/ to d$icate 8 /atue toge!r ) a *>iot & horses & ! /atue ( a *>iote]4 ,fo]/]1 #ch1 foll[+ ,we/]mann1 believes t ,ar*idamas is ! "n :i* has fall5 out ( ,phlegon1 fragm4 #d 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #fje71 t ( a victor f ,dyspontion 9 ,elis1 & !re=e wrongly gives ! date ( ! victory z ,ol4 #bg 7 #fgb ,b4 ,c472 = a refutation ( ?is view & an indet]m9ate date1 see ,hyde1 #ahb & p4 #fb4 #ahhj ,he won ,ol4 787 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4g2 ,hyde1 #h2 ,fo]/]1 #bcc4 #ahha ,he won 9 two ev5ts1 ! hoplite-race & *>iote]+1 9 ,ols4 787 #hc1 #hd 7 #ddh1 #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4a-b2 ,hyde1 #ab2 ,fo]/]1 #baa;,a4 ,p]haps "o ( 8 two /atues by ,myron repres5t$ 8 *>iote] 7s ,fo]/]71 ?\gh m probably ! two /atues repres5t$ ! victor = 8 two victories4 #ahhb ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #ih & #aja 7 #chh & #cgf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 ,hyde1 #ag2 ,fo]/]1 #caj2 8 /atue /ood beside t ( 8 son ,aigyptos on horseback2 ! latt] won ab\t ! date ( 8 fa!r's victory3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 ,hyde #ah2 ,fo]/]1 #cja4 ,! two monum5ts 7 by ! ,sikyonian ,daidalos4 #ahhc ,he won 9 ,ols4 #ajb1 #ajc 7 #cgb1 #cfh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d2 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cch1 #cde4 #ahhd ,he won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #acj 7 #cbj & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aa2 ,hyde1 #abb2 ,fo]/]1 #eac3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agg4 #ahhe ,polykles won 9 ,ol4 787 #hi 7 #dbd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4g2 ,hyde1 #i2 ,fo]/]1 #gif 7undat$74 ,= ?is a?letic g5re gr\p1 see ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ecd4 ,on *ildr5's hoops 77 see ,l4 ,becq de ,f\quires1 ,les ,jeux des ,anci5s#b1 #ahgc1 ,*4 ,,viii1 pp4 #aei f4 #ahhf #a1 #if 7quot+ ,ephoros1 fragm4 #ajf ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 #a1 pp4 #bfb-c74 ,p]i&ros won a *>iot victory at ,olympia at ! end ( ! sev5? or beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,fo]/]1 #hj1 :o assumes t x 0 a /atue ( ,zeus1 & n ( ,p]i&ros4 #ahhg ,gelo won 9 ,ol4 #gc 7 #dhh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #i4d2 ,hyde1 #ij2 ,fo]/]1 #ahj2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adc4 ,?is inscription on ! recov]$ base & ano!r f ! base ( ! monum5t ( ,pant>kes1 :o won app>5tly 9 ! *>iot-race at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adb2 ,fo]/]1 #adi71 are ! two olde/ inscriptions kn[n ( *>iot victors at ,olympia4 #ahhh ,he won ,ol4 #ff 7 #eaf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4f-g2 ,hyde1 #ii2 ,fo]/]1 #adc4 #ahhi ,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4g4 #ahij ,we h m5tion$ ! inscrib$ relief supra1 pp4 #beg & #beh1 & n4 #a on p4 #beh4 #ahia ,l9e #ae4 #ahib ,p9d>1 ,py?41 ,v1 #bf4 ,= ! above examples1 see also ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfc4 #ahic ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 he 0 repres5t$ on horseback4 #ahid ,p41 ,,iii1 #h4a2 cf4 ,,vi1 #a4f4 #ahie ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afj2 ,loewy1 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ii2 see ,a4 ,g41 ,,xiii1 #af4 #ahif ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 p4 #aea4 #ahig ,not$ 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xv1 #aiaa1 p4 #fj4 #ahih ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hf3 et adornantes se fem9as4 ,= ! five l>g] bronze figures1 see ,inv41 #efjd-e1 #efai-ba2 = ! small] six? figure1 usually kn[n z ! ,pray+ ,*ild1 see ,inv41 #efjc4 ,all six are pictur$ 9 ,e4 ,r4 ,b>k]'s ,buri$ ,h]culaneum1 #aijh1 ,figs4 #ah-ai4 #ahii ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a2 cf4 ,,viii1 #db4i-aj2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 ,hyde1 #aje2 ,fo]/]1 #aii1 #bji1 & #bae4 ,p9d> celebrates ! victory ( #dgf ,b4 ,c4 9 8 fir/ ,olympian ode4 #aijj ,p41 ,v1 #bg4b4 ,see supra1 pp4 #bh1 #fb1 & #afc4 #aija ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab4 #aijb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ga4 ,on ! basis ( ?is & o!r ref]5ces1 ,reis* built up a !ory t !re 0 also a f\r?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,kalamis1 ! contempor>y ( ! y\ng] ,praxiteles3 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,ix1 #aijf1 pp4 #aii f4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ,amelung 7,r4 ,m41 ,,xxi1 #aijf1 pp4 #bhe & #bhg7 & ,/udniczka 7,abh4 d4 k4 sae*s4 ,gesells*4 d4 ,wiss41 philolog4-hi/or4 ,klasse1 ,,xxv1 no4 ,,iv1 #aijg1 pp4 #e f474 ,furtwa5gl] has %[n ! weakness ( su* an argum5t & has rightly ref]r$ ! monum5t m5tion$ by ,pl9y to ! great ,kalamis & 8 y\ng] contempor>y1 ! eld] ,praxiteles3 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijg1 pp4 #afj f4 #aijc ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4a4 ,krati/h5es won ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ahe2 ,fo]/]1 #aic ,a4 #aijd ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4f2 ,hyde1 #aje;d4 ,! same ,timon is m5tion$ aga93 ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h2 ,hyde1 #ag4 ,?is monum5t may h be5 set up = a second victory or ev5 = ! victory m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 ,,vi1 #b4h2 h[ev]1 ,i h class$ x z an honor d$ication1 assum+ two monum5ts3 ,hyde1 p4 #de4 #aije ,lampos won "s "t aft] ,ol4 787 #aje 7 #cfj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4aj2 ,hyde1 #dd2 ,fo]/]1 #dbj4 ,philippi1 ! native city ( ,lampos1 0 f\nd$ 9 ,ol4 #aje by ,philip1 fa!r ( ,alex&]1 on ! site ( an old] t[n1 ,kr5ides4 #aijf ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hi2 x 0 by ! /atu>y ,pi/on4 #aijg ,reis*1 p4 #di1 believes t %e repres5t$ a ,nike apt]os2 ,r\se1 p4 #afd1 also believes t su* figures 7 ,victories4 #aijh ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ajh4 #aiji ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #d1 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,xliv4 #aiaj ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 #had2 ,museum ,m>bles1 ,,ix1 ,pl4 ,,xxxviii1 fig4 #b4 ,a4 ,h4 ,smi? 7op4 cit41 no4 #had2 cf4 ,guide to ,grco-,roman ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #agf7 also m5tions ano!r simil> votive tablet 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is m\nt$ on a pila/] & repres5ts ! visit ( ,dionysos to ,ik>ios4 ,su* tablets seem to h be5 commonly d$icat$ by agoni/ic victors4 #aiaa ,s*o5e1 ,grie*4 ,reliefs1 #ahgb1 ,pl4 ,,xviii1 fig4 #hj2 ,f4 ,w41 #aadb2 von ,sybel1 ,kat4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,a!n1 #ahha1 no4 #gjad4 ,"h only ! arms & w+s ( ,nike are left4 #aiab ,e4 ,huebn]1 ,die antik5 ,bildw4 9 ,madrid1 #ahfb1 #bda1 #eei2 ,annali1 ,,xxxiv1 #ahfb1 ,pl4 ,g41 & p4 #ajc2 ,reis*1 p4 #ea4 #aiac ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahic1 pp4 #abh f4 7,kabbadias7 & ,pl4 ,,ix2 ,r\se1 p4 #agg4 #aiad ,cf4 ,reis*1 pp4 #di-ej2 ,r\se1 p4 #agf4 #aiae ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #ageb2 ,guide1 ,i1 #dcg4 #aiaf ,p41 ,v1 #ag4h4 #aiag ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #fji1 fig4 #gg2 etc4 ,see supra1 p4 #ac & n4 #a4 #aiah ,we h already discuss$ ! /yle & date ( ?is relief 9 ,*4 ,,iii1 pp4 #abh-i4 ,= ! relief1 see ,dick9s1 no4 #acdb & illu/ration on p4 #bge2 von ,sybel1 ,kat4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,a!n1 no4 #ejci2 ,baum41 ,i1 p4 #cdb1 fig4 #cei2 ,/udniczka1 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 p4 #bfe1 fig4 #g2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #ffd1 fig4 #cdb2 ,b4 ,b41 #ba2 von ,ma*1 #ef2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #cgh f4 & fig4 #aid2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 p4 #bjc & fig4 #dg2 ,le ,bas1 ,voyage ar*eol4 7,re9a*'s ed471 pp4 #ej-ea & ,pl4 ,i2 ,f4 ,w41 #ig2 ca/ 9 ,briti% ,museum1 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #aee4 ,a small piece ( ! adjac5t slab to ! "r 7f\nd on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,akropolis 9 #ahei-ahfj71 fitt+ ! ma9 block exactly1 %[s two horses' tails & "o h9d leg & proves t ! *>iot 0 repres5t$ at re/4 #aiai ,?is fragm5t conta9s a head ^: po9t$ be>d & petasos h be5 ?\ght to indicate ! god3 ,dick9s1 no4 #acdc2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #cgh1 fig4 #aie2 von ,ma*1 fig4 #aa1 opp4 p4 #eh2 ,conze1 ,nuove ,memorie dell' ,in/ituto1 ,,ii1 pp4 #djh f4 & ,pl4 ,,xiii ,a2 ,f4 ,w41 #if4 #aibj ,s ,o4 ,haus]1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ed f42 he is foll[$ by ,rob9son1 ,cat4 ( ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on1 no4 #cc4 ,j4 ,braun1 ,ges*4 d4 ,kun/1 #aheh1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ahh & #edi 7quot$ by ,f4 ,w471 ,conze1 op4 cit41 ,mi*aelis1 ,d] ,p>!non1 #ahgj1 p4 #abc1 ,helbig1 ,das hom]is*e ,epos#b1 #ahhg1 p4 #agi & n4 #aa1 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 pp4 #bjg-h 7& fig4 #chi71 ,dick9s1 & _m o!rs1 also int]pret ! figure z male4 #aiba ,?is coiffure1 h[ev]1 appe>s on sev]al female heads3 e4 g41 on ! ,h>py monum5t1 ,f4 ,w41 #abg f4 ,knapp 7,nike 9 d4 ,vas5mal]ei1 p4 #aj71 ,brunn 7,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahgj1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bac f471 ,w4 ,muell] 7,quae/iones ve/i>iae1 #ahij1 p4 #dd71 ,collignon1 ,ov]beck1 ,fri$ri*s-,wolt]s1 ,reis* 7p4 #di71 & _m o!rs call ! figure ( ! *>iote] female4 #aibb ,e4 g41 ! headless drap$ /atue1 resembl+ ! ,korai1 9 ! ,akropolis ,museum3 ,b4 ,b41 #eea4 #aibc ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxx1 #aije1 pp4 #cje f4 7especially #cba7 & ,pls4 ,,xi1 ,,xii 7! rebuild+ ( ! temple ref]r$ to ! "t ( ,peisi/ratos74 ,he also 7p4 #cbj7 favors ! well-kn[n view ( ,do]pfeld 7,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #be-fa1 #aij-baa2 ,,xv1 #ahij1 pp4 #dbj-dci7 t ! ,hekatomp$on or ,old ,temple ( ,a!na1 rebuilt by ! ,a!nians %ortly aft] ! ,p]sian w>s1 exi/$ n only d[n to #djf ,b4 ,c41 :5 ,x5ophon says t x 0 burnt 7,hell41 ,i1 #f71 b d[n at lea/ to ! "t ( ,pausanias4 ,?is view is held by ,j4 ,h>rison1 ,my?ology & ,monum5ts ( ,anci5t ,a!ns1 #ahij1 pp4 #eje f41 ,dick9s1 l4 c41 & _m ar*ologi/s4 ,x has be5 reject$ by _m o!rs1 e4 g41 ,pet]s5 7,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 pp4 #fb-gb71 ,w]nicke 7ibid41 pp4 #ahd-ahi71 & 9 ext5so ,fraz] 7,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xiii1 #ahib-ahic1 pp4 #aec-ahg2 repr9t$ 9 8 edition ( ,pausanias1 ,,ii1 pp4 #eec-hb74 ,murray1 ,i1 p4 #adc & fig4 #ce1 ref]r$ ! relief to "o ( ! metopes ( ! ,old ,temple ( ,a!na4 #aibd ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijf1 ,,ii1 pp4 #adg f42 cf4 also ibid41 #aije1 pp4 #dcc f4 #aibe ,spr+]-,mi*aelis 7l4 c47 ?9k t x may repres5t a *>iot victor2 simil>ly ,purgold 7,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhe1 p4 #bea74 ,boetti*] 7,die ,akropolis1 #ahhh1 pp4 #he-f7 believes t x repres5ts a ,pana!naic victor4 #aibf ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,ii1 #iea & ,pl4 ,,xiii2 ,sir ,*>les ,fell[s1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,discov]ies 9 ,lycia1 #ahda1 p4 #aff4 ,! ,*imra may be introduc$ z a h]aldic device ( ! own] ( ! tomb 7,smi?74 ,bell]ophon appe>s on ,pegasos on a relief f a rock tomb ( ,p9>a3 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 #gfj4 ,we %\ld also comp>e ) ^! ! reliefs f\nd by ,fell[s at ,xan?os & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!y %[ a two-horse *>iot ) a seat$ *>iote] 7,f4 ,w41 #aca2 ,murray1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,iv71 a two-horse *>iot ) a *>iote] & a seat$ man 7,f4 ,w41 #acc2 ,murray1 ,pl4 ,,iii71 & a "y rid] 7,f4 ,w41 #acd74 ,see ,fell[s1 pp4 #agb1 #agf2 ,murray1 ,i1 pp4 #abd f4 #aibg ,mi*aelis1 ,d] ,p>!non1 #ahgj1 slabs ,,xi-,,xxiii2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 no4 #cbe4 ,! *>iote]s on slabs ,,xii & ,,xiv h long1 close-fitt+ tunics4 #aibh ,mi*aelis1 op4 cit41 slabs ,,xxiv-,,xxxiv2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 no4 #cbg4 #aibi ,!ophra/os1 ap4 ,h>pokr41 s4 v4 71 says t x 0 peculi> to ,a!ns & ,botia1 b !re is evid5ce ( its exi/5ce else:]e1 e4 g41 at ,aphrodisias 9 ,k>ia 7,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 no4 #bgeh1 ,g4 col4 ,,iv1 l9e #c1 p4 #ejg1 & ,c4 col4 ,,iv1 l4 #c71 ,naples 7ibid41 no4 #ehjg1 l4 #d71 ,rome 7,c4 ,i4 ,l41 ,,vi1 #b1 #ajjdg1 b1 l9e #h p$ibus ad quadrigam71 etc4 ,on ! race at ! ,pana!naia1 see ,mi*aelis1 op4 cit41 pp4 #cbd f42 ,momms51 ,heortologie1 #ahfd1 pp4 #aec f41 & ,die ,fe/e d4 ,/adt ,a!n im ,alt]tum1 #ahih1 pp4 #hi f42 & = ! race 9 g5]al1 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,i1 pp4 #bhad f4 #aicj ,= a description ( ! race1 see ,bekk]1 ,anecd4 gr41 ,i1 pp4 #dbe-f & ,dionys4 ,halik>n41 ,,vii1 #gc1 #b-c2 ! =m] acc\nt says t ! apobates m\nt$ ! *>iot 9 full c\rse by sett+ 8 foot on ! :eel & dism\nt$ aga92 ! latt] only t he dism\nt$ 9 ! la/ lap2 ! two are app>5tly describ+ diff]5t mom5ts ( ! same race4 #aica ,national ,museum1 no4 #acia2 ,svoronos1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cdj-a1 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi 7"r72 not$ 9 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 p4 #adf1 no4 #a2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #bcg & fig42 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #aiaj1 pp4 #bea f42 ,reis*1 p4 #ea4 ,/as gives ! measurem5ts z #j4fj met] high & #j4cf met] broad4 #aicb ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #daj-ad1 no4 #aic 7,ko]te72 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,,iv1 #ahdd-dh1 ,pl4 #e2 ,annali1 ,pl4 ,,xvi1 #ahdd1 pp4 #aff f4 7,f4 ,j4 ,welck]71 & ,pl4 ,e4 #aicc ,a ?ird relief f ,oropos1 %[+ ! same subject1 is 9 ,b]l9 7no4 #gbe73 see ,furtwa5gl]1 ,samml4 ,sab\r(f1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xxvi 7& text1 on ! subject ( ! race74 #aicd ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,vii1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xvii & pp4 #deh f4 7,collignon72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bch1 fig4 #cd2 ,f4 ,w41 #ahcf4 #aice ,its antiquity has be5 que/ion$ by ,kekul1 :o is quot$ by ,f4 ,w42 see on no4 #ahch4 #aicf ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,ii1 #ajcg1 ,pl4 ,,xviii2 von ,ma*1 #bca2 ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ahic-d1 ,pl4 ,,xviii1 #j2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #cbg1 fig4 #afe2 ,newton1 ,travels & ,discov]ies 9 ! ,levant1 #ahfe1 ,,ii1 p4 #acc1 ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #aaa4 ,x is #b feet #a4e in*es high4 #aicg ,= ! s>cophagus1 see ! "w ( ,hamdy ,bey & ,?4 ,re9a*1 ,une ncropole royale ,sidon1 #ahib2 ,text1 pp4 #bgb f41 & ,pls4 ,,xxiii-,,xxviii1 ,,xxx-,,xxxi1 ,,xxxiv-,,xxxvii2 also ,/udniczka1 ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #baa f4 7:o assign$ x to ,lysippos' pupil1 ,euty*ides72 ,judei*1 ibid41 ,x1 #ahie1 pp4 #afe f4 & figs4 #a-f2 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xix1 #ahii1 pp4 #bgc f42 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 pp4 #dff f4 & fig4 #abd 7 ,hamdy-,bey et ,re9a*1 ,pl4 ,,xxix72 von ,ma*1 #cgi-hc2 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #bdb1 fig4 #aaf2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cdh1 fig4 #fbg2 etc4 #aich ,we see x1 e4 g41 on ! cuirass ( ! /atue ( ,augu/us 9 ! ,vatican3 von ,ma*1 no4 #dah4 #aici ,von ,ma*1 no4 #bcb2 ,rob9son1 ,report ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 #ahig1 pp4 #ah-ai2 ,kle91 ,praxitelis*e ,/udi5 7 ,suppl4 to 8 ,praxiteles71 #ahii1 p4 #a2 9 n4 #a ,kle9 says t ! /atue 0 f\nd 9 ! ,tib]4 #aidj ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 pp4 #adi f4 #aida ,not$ by ,kle91 op4 cit41 figs4 #e & #g4 #aidb ,e4 g41 on ! vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 discuss$ 9 ,guide to ,greek & ,roman ,life1 #aijh1 p4 #bjj4 ,"h ! driv] /&s clo!d 9 ! regul> *iton l t on ! ,*>iote] f ,delphi4 7,fig4 #ff47 ,we see simil>ly clo!d *>iote]s on v>i\s r4-f4 vases3 e4 g41 on ^? pictur$ by ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,ccli-,,ccliii2 on ^? enum]at$ by ,haus]1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 p4 #fj 7includ+ "s r4-f4 ones1 e4 g41 ! fif?-c5tury ,b4 ,c4 "o f ,corneto by ,euxi?oos & ,oltos ,baum41 ,,iii1 ,pl4 ,,xciii1 #b & p4 #bada74 ,haus] also adds ! drap$ *>iote] 9 ! ,helios gr\p f ! ,great ,p]gam5e ,alt> relief 7pictur$ 9 ,baum41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,xxxix1 & pp4 #abee-f74 ,! g5]al /atem5t ( ,w4 ,muell] 7,quae/iones ve/i>iae1 ,goett+51 #ahhj1 p4 #dd71 nam aurigae semp] f]e longa tunica sola ve/iti sunt1 is1 ( c\rse1 correct4 #aidc ,e4 g41 ! /atue 9 ! ,palazzo dei ,cons]vatori to be m5tion$ infra1 p4 #bgf2 also o!r examples 9 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ecf1 #f 79 ,rome3 ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,i1 #ahhh1 ,pl4 ,,xv7 & #g 79 ,a!ns3 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 p4 #agc2 ,/as1 op4 cit41 p4 #bba74 ,we see nude *>iote]s ent]+ two f\r-horse *>iots on a r4-f4 lebes1 =m]ly 9 ! collection ( ,luci5 ,bonap>te1 n[ 9 ,muni*3 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,ccliv 7bel[74 #aidd ,von ,ma*1 no4 #bgd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #dhh1 #g3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xviii1 #ahfj1 pp4 #a f4 7,fri$ri*s7 & ,pls4 ,,cxxxiii1 ,,cxxxiv2 ,bonn] ,jb41 ,,xxvi1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,x is #d ft4 #g 94 tall & repres5ts a boy ( ab\t #ad4 #aide ,fri$ri*s1 ?\gh at fir/1 because ( ! cr[n on ! hair1 int]pret+ x z a ,bonus ,ev5tus 7,a4 ,z41 ,,xviii1 #ahfj1 pp4 #a f471 lat] 7,bes*r4 d4 ,skulpt41 no4 #d1 pp4 #e-f7 call$ x a *>iote]4 #aidf ,b4 ,com4 ,rom41 ,,xvi1 #ahhh1 ,pls4 ,,xv1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b 7pp4 #cce f472 ,j\b91 pp4 #acd f41 & fig4 #dj2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #igc 7re/or$ on p4 #eeg1 fig4 #bi72 ,guide1 #eig 7re/or$ on p4 #ddb1 fig4 #bh72 ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #ha-hb2 ,mw41 pp4 #aae-aaf2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ecf1 #f4 ,m5tion$ supra1 p4 #bge1 n4 #g4 #aidg ,hamdy ,bey & ,?4 ,re9a*1 ,une ncropole royale ,sidon1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 #b4 #aidh ,includ+ ! ,he/ia ,giu/9iani 9 ! ,museo ,torlonia1 ,rome3 ,b4 ,b41 #dia2 von ,ma*1 #ge2 ! s-call$ ,aspasia head1 ) copies 9 ,p>is 7,photo ,giraudon1 no4 #abai7 & ,b]l9 7,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxv1 #ahgg1 ,pl4 ,,viii1 two views71 & ! ,apollo-on-!-,omphalos 9 ,a!ns 7,pl4 #g;,b72 he assigns ! lat] relat$ ,a!na 9 ! ,villa ,albani to ,praxias1 ! pupil ( ,kalamis & contempor>y ( ,pheidias3 ,f4 ,w41 #ebd2 ,mp41 p4 #gh1 figs4 #bi & #cj 7head72 ,mw41 pp4 #aab-aac1 figs4 #ai & #bj 7head74 ,h[ev]1 z ,ri*>dson po9ts out1 pp4 #acg & #bjg1 ! ,he/ia be>s a /rong resemblance to ! ,ea/ gable figures at ,olympia1 especially to ^? ( ,/]ope & ,hippodameia1 & to sev]al female /atues 9 ,cop5hag53 ,arndt1 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 ,pls4 ,,vii 7 ,j\b91 p4 #afa1 fig4 #ec71 ,,xxxviii1 & fig4 #c on p4 #ac4 #aidi ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #ahif1 pp4 #agh1 #ahf1 #cfb1 #chh1 & ,pls4 ,i1 ,,ii2 ,a4 ,a41 #ahif1 pp4 #agc f4 7) fig472 ,homolle1 9 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,iv1 #ahig1 ,pls4 ,,xv1 ,,xvi1 pp4 #afi f42 id41 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #egi1 #eha-c2 ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 #aijd1 ,pls4 ,,xlix1 ,l 7#d views72 ,bulle1 #aii & fig4 #acd on p4 #dfj2 von ,ma*1 #fj2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s1 ,art ( ! ,anc4 ,greeks1 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,xxviii2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #di f4 & ,pls4 ,,viii1 ,,ix2 ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 ,"o ,hundr$ ,ma/]pieces ( ,sculpture1 #aiji1 pp4 #g-h & ,pl4 ,v2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #bbe1 fig4 #dhb2 ,rob9son1 ,cat4 ,mus4 ,f9e ,arts 9 ,bo/on1 ,suppl41 pp4 #a f41 no4 #he2 ca/ 9 ,briti% ,museum1 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,,iii1 #bfhh2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ecf1 #a4 ,x is #e feet #aj4ge in*es high 7,a4 ,h4 ,smi?7 or #a4hj met]s 7,bulle74 #aiej ,see ,svoronos1 p4 #aca1 n4 #c4 #aiea ,o4 ,m4 ,wa%burn1 ,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 cols4 #aceh f42 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,x1 #aijf1 pp4 #aea-c2 ,,xii1 #aijh1 pp4 #aih-bjh4 #aieb ,p41 ,x1 #ae4f4 #aiec ,l4 c41 & ,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aije1 col4 #aedi4 #aied ,le*at1 ,rev4 ,ar*41 ,,xi1 #aijh1 pp4 #abf f41 ,furtw41 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijg1 ,,ii1 pp4 #aeg f41 ,/udniczka1 ,jb41 ,,xxii1 #aijg1 pp4 #acc f41 & o!rs1 support ,wa%burn's view4 #aiee ,p41 ,x1 #i4g-h2 cf4 ,,vi1 #c4e1 :]e ,amphion is call$ ! pupil ( ,ptoli*os1 ! pupil ( ,kritios4 #aief ,s von ,duhn1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxi1 #aijf1 pp4 #dba f42 a conclusion also rea*$ indep5d5tly by ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 p4 #ea4 #aieg ,s von ,duhn1 ,g>dn]1 & ,mahl]2 ! latt] 9 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,iii1 #aijj1 pp4 #adb f4 ,furtwa5gl]1 l4 c41 f\nd von ,duhn's view t ! ,*>iote] is an orig9al "w ( ,py?agoras unt5able4 ,he also combat$ 8 int]pretation ( z a prop] "n1 pref]r+ ! sugge/ion ( ,wa%burn t x might be an adjective4 ,h[ev]1 9 a =m] article 7,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahig1 pp4 #abi f47 he _h emphasiz$ ! simil>ity betwe5 ! /atue & a bronze /atuette 9 ,london 7,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #eae & ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,sitzb41 l4 c41 ,pl4 ,v1 two views7 :i* he believ$ 0 almo/ c]ta9ly a product ( ,magna ,grcia4 ,he f\nd ! /yle ( ! ,*>iote] ,ionic-,attic )\t ,peloponnesian affiliations1 & ref]r$ x to ,amphion or to "s unkn[n arti/ ( ! circle ( ,kritios & ,nesiotes4 ,= a simil> view1 see ,homolle1 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,iv1 #ahig1 p4 #bjg4 ,potti] 7ap4 ,homolle1 l4 c47 assign$ x to ,kalamis4 ,cf4 also ,le*at1 ,py?agoras de ,rhegion1 #aije1 p4 #ajj4 #aieh ,a4 ,d4 ,k]amop\llos1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxiv1 #aiji1 pp4 #cc f4 ,homolle1 op4 cit41 pp4 #agf f41 & ,o4 ,s*ro$]1 ,a4 ,a41 #aijb1 pp4 #ab f41 _h also ref]r$ x to ,gelo's d$ication4 #aiei ,p4 #aeb4 #aifj ,see ,g4 ,f4 ,hill1 l4 c4 #aifa ,besides ! ,olympic victories already record$1 ,hi]o also won ! *>iot-race at ,delphi 9 ,py?iad #bi 7 #dgj ,b4 ,c471 & ! horse-race !re twice 9 ,py?iads #bf & #bg 7 #dhb & #dgh ,b4 ,c472 he also won a *>iot-race probably at ! ,!ban ,iolaia 9 787 #dge ,b4 ,c42 ,p9d> celebrates ! f\r victories 9 ,py?41 ,i-,,iii2 ,b]gk1 ,p4 l4 ,g41#e ,i1 pp4 #age f4 #aifb ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4d2 he won ei!r be=e ,ol4 #fg 7 #eab ,b4 ,c47 or 9 ,ols4 #fi or #gj 7 #ejd or #ejj ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #abf & p4 #eb2 ,fo]/]1 #ggh 7undat$74 #aifc ,he won 9 ,ols4 #ff or #fg 7 #eaf or #eab ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4i2 ,hyde1 #abj2 ,fo]/]1 #abi1 #adi;a 7two victories74 #aifd ,!y won 9 ,ol4 #fh 7 #ejh ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4aj2 ,hyde1 #aba2 ,fo]/]1 #aeb4 #aife ,s ,hyde1 pp4 #ej-a4 #aiff ,s ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #eih4 #aifg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4a4 #aifh ,p41 ,,vi1 #b4h4 #aifi ,x5ombrotos won 9 ,ol4 787 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #acc 7foll[+ ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #ahj-aha72 ,fo]/]1 #cbg2 ,x5odikos 9 ,ol4 787 #hd 7 #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #acd2 ,fo]/]1 #ccb4 #aigj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aed2 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #eeb;a2 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #agi-ha4 ,h[ev]1 ,kir*h(f ref]r$ ?is base to ! /atue ( a runn]3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 p4 #hd2 & ,ditt5b]g] to ! victor ,damasippos1 :o won 9 "s runn+ race at an unkn[n date3 ,fo]/]1 #hab4 ,rob]t read ! mutilat$ inscription 78horse-driv+07 in/ead ( ! prop] "n 4 #aiga ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ge & #gh 7celetizontes pu]i74 #aigb ,pl9y1 ,,xxxiv1 #ga4 #aigc ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #acc2 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfa1 fig4 #afi2 see also a ,pana!naic amphora pictur$ 9 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,x1 p4 #abi1 fig4 #ib 7left74 #aigd ,g>d9]1 p4 #dei1 fig4 #afg 7left74 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #ajf 7 #cef ,b4 ,c473 ,plut41 ,alex41 #c2 ,fo]/]1 #cfj4 ,cf4 a simil> jockey on horseback on a co9 ( ,t>5tum3 ,head1 ,guide to ! ,pr9cipal ,gold & ,silv] ,co9s 444 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pl4 ,,xxiv1 #g4 #aige ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,b #add2 ,g]h>d1 ,,iv1 ,pl4 ,,ccxlvii 7l[] half72 ,g>d9]1 p4 #bdc1 fig4 #cg4 #aigf ,see supra1 p4 #ac & n4 #a4 #aigg ,m5tion$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xiv1 #ahid1 p4 #ff 7,h4 ,/u>t ,jones74 #aigh ,,iii1 i1 p4 #bjj1 fig4 #chdf 7f ,dubois-,maisonneuve1 ,introd4 l'tude des vases1 ,pl4 ,,xliii72 o!rs are !re m5tion$1 e4 g41 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,i1 #ahbi-cc1 ,pl4 ,,xxii1 #c;b & ,,ii1 #ahcd-ch1 ,pl4 ,,xxxii 7bottom74 #aigi ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 pp4 #dcf f41 ) figure 7,collignon74 ,?is & ! foll[+ ?ree reliefs are m5tion$ by ,r\se1 p4 #agf4 #aihj ,f4 ,w41 #abjf1 =m]ly int]pret$ z ,alex&] & ,b\kephalos4 #aiha ,von ,sybel1 ,kat4 d4 ,skulpt4 zu ,a!n1 #ahha1 no4 #cjg4 #aihb ,von ,duhn1 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxv1 #ahgg1 pp4 #afg1 no4 #hi 7cf4 no4 #hh74 #aihc ,on ! ,nor? frieze1 ,mi*aelis1 ,d] ,p>!non1 #ahgj1 ,tafelbd41 slabs ,,xxiv-,,xlii2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 #cbe1 pp4 #age f42 ,we/ frieze1 ,mi*aelis1 slabs ,,ii1 ,,iv1 ,,vi-,,vii1 ,,ix-,,xi2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 #cbf1 pp4 #agi-hj2 ,s\? frieze1 ,mi*aelis1 slabs ,i1 ,,iii1 ,x-,,xvi1 ,,xxii-,,xxiii2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 #cbg1 pp4 #aha-he4 #aihd ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #b1 #cgc1 l9e #ii2 cf4 ,/udniczka1 ,ar*4 ,eph41 #ahhg1 p4 #adf4 #aihe ,vit4 ,x ,orat41 #db 7p4 #hci;b72 he says t x /ood 9 ! ball-c\rt ( ! maid5s kn[n z arrephoroi4 ,pausanias1 ,i1 #ah4h1 also m5tions a /atuette ( ,isokrates on a column ne> ! ,olympieion4 #aihf ,c>apanos1 ,dodone et ses ru9es1 #ahgg1 p4 #ahc & ,pl4 ,,xiii1 #a2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #ebg1 #a4 #aihg ,arndt-,amelung1 ,e9zelaufnahm51 no4 #bdb4 #aihh ,dick9s1 nos4 #gjj1 f\nd 9 #ahhg 7height #a4ab met]s1 l5g? ( fragm5t #j4gf met]7 & #fig 7height #a4ac met]s72 ,w9t]1 ,ar*ais*e ,reit]bild] von d] ,akropolis1 ,jb41 ,,viii1 #ahic1 pp4 #ace-aef1 figs4 #ac;a & b1 #ad;a & b2 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #ceh-i1 figs4 #ahj & #aha2 ,s*rad]1 ,ar*4 ,m>mor-,skulpt4 im ,akropolis-,museum zu ,a!n1 #aiji1 p4 #ha1 figs4 #gb-c 7assum+ a ,*ian sculptor = no4 #gjj72 ,b4 ,b41 #dei2 no4 #gjj ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #fci1 fig4 #cbg2 #fig ibid41 p4 #fcg1 fig4 #cbf4 ,w9t]1 9 ! article cit$1 gives f\rte5 cuts ( su* ar*aic horse monum5ts4 #aihi ,see prelim9>y acc\nt by ,?4 ,re9a* 9 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #aiai1 7,jan4-,feb471 pp4 #ef-ei & fig4 on p4 #eh4 ,x is #di c5timet]s high4 #aiij ,j4 ,sievek+1 ,die ,bronz4 d4 ,samml4 ,loeb1 #aiac1 p4 #gj1 ,pl4 #bi2 x is #j4ab met] high4 ,an exact copy is 9 ! ,cab9et des ,mdailles 9 ,p>is2 ,babelon et ,blan*et1 ,cat4 des bronzes ant4 de la ,biblio?que ,nationale1 #ahic1 no4 #hic4 ,= fur!r examples ( horsem5 9 bronze & m>ble1 see ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #ebg-ecc4 #aiia ,! race is describ$ by ,p41 ,v1 #i4b2 cf4 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 conviv41 ,v1 #b 7#fge ,c47 ,= possible examples 9 sculpture1 see ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #ecb-c4 #aiib ,e4 g41 on a silv] /at] ( ! e>ly ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4 f ,t>5tum 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,g>d9]1 p4 #dfb1 fig4 #agj 7"r74 #aiic ,les a?ni5s1 #aijb 7,extrait des ,mmoires de l',acad4 des ,inscr4 et ,belles-,lettres1 ,vol4 ,,xxxvii74 ,cf4 ,g>d9]1 pp4 #ga-b4 #aiid ,h]alds 771 trumpet]s 771 fluti/s 771 ci?>a-play]s 771 & ^? :o sang ) !m 771 are m5tion$ z victors 9 _m inscriptions3 e4 g41 at ,oropos1 ,c4 ,i4 ,g4 ,g4 ,s41 ,i1 nos4 #dai-bj2 at ,tanagra1 ibid41 #edj2 at ,plataiai1 ibid41 #affg2 at ,!spiai1 ibid41 #agfj & #aggc2 on ,mt4 ,helikon1 ibid41 #aggf2 at ,akraiphia1 ibid41 #bgbg2 at ,koroneia1 ibid41 #bhga2 etc4 ,cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #fbh4 ,also on ,samos3 see inscription discuss$ 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,vii1 #ahhf1 p4 #aej4 #aiie ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 nos4 #cjb 7,timaios7 & #cjc 7,krates72 !y are n m5tion$ by ,pausanias 9 8 acc\nt ( ! introduction ( v>i\s conte/s at ,olympia1 ,v1 #h4f f4 ,lucian m5tions ! conte/s ( h]alds at ,olympia3 de morte ,p]egr9i1 #cb4 #aiif ,v1 #bb4a4 #aiig ,ne/or 7,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #dhe991 quot$ by ,a!nu1 ,x1 #g1 p4 #dae;a7 says t he 0 p]iodonikes t5 times1 :ile ,pollux 7,,iv1 #hi7 says sev5 times4 ,= ! dates ( ! victories1 :i* fell "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aac & #abb 7 #cbh & #bib ,b4 ,c471 see ,fo]/]1 nos4 #cie1 #cii1 #djb1 #djd1 #djf1 #daa1 #dae1 #dbb1 #dbe1 & #dbh4 #aiih ,a!n41 ,x1 #g 7p4 #dad;e74 #aiii ,am>antos ( ,alex&ria1 apud ,a!n41 l4 c41 says t he 0 #c4e ells 9 height2 ,pollux1 l4 c41 f\r ells4 ,a!nu relates examples ( 8 voracity4 #bjjj ,= ! inscrib$ basis ( 8 /atue at ,olympia1 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bcb2 cf4 ,fo]/]1 #hae-ai 7undat$74 ,! inscription appe>s to belong to ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d4 #bjja ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aijf-g1 pp4 #adf-g 7,dick9s7 & fig4 #c2 cf4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aiji1 p4 #hc & fig4 #f4 ,x is #j4aca met] high4 #bjjb ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 #bbc 7quot$ by ,dick9s1 l4 c474 #bjjc ,see ,p41 ,x1 #i4b4 #bjjd ,fragm4 #fe 7 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,i1 #bjg1 quot$ by ,/rabo1 ,,vi1 #a4i1 ,c4 #bfj74 ,= ! /ory ab\t 8 victory1 see ,timaios1 ,/rabo1 l4 c41 ,clem5s ,alex&r41 ,protrept41 ,i1 p4 #b1 & poetically 9 ,a4 ,g41 ,,vi1 #ed 7,paulus ,sil5ti>ius71 & ,,ix1 #ehd4 #bjje ,cf4 ,reis*1 p4 #eb4 #bjjf ,,ix1 #cj4 #b f4 #bjjg ,9 ano!r passage1 ,x1 #g4 #b1 ,pausanias says t ,?amyris won a prize = s++ at ! ,py?ian games2 he also m5tions a pa9t+ ( him by ,polygnotos3 ,x1 #cj4 #h4 ,on ,?amyris1 cf4 also ,p41 ,,iv1 #cc4 #c & #g4 #bjjh ,= ! /ory ( ! poet ,arion & ! dolph91 see ,p4 ,,iii1 #be4 #g4 #bjji ,9 ,x1 #g4 #d1 ,pausanias says t ,sakadas won 9 flute-play+ at ,delphi ?ree times1 ! fir/ 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ,ol4 #dh 7 #ehe ,b4 ,c474 ,9 ano!r passage1 ,,ii1 #bb4h1 he says t ,sakadas 0 ! fir/ to play ! 8,py?ian tune0 on ! flute4 ,= a description ( ?is tune1 see ,pollux1 ,,iv1 #hd1 & ,/rabo1 ,,ix1 #c4aj 7,c4 #dba74 #bjaj ,,xiv1 #bd 7p4 #fbi;a74 #bjaa ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #ceg4 #bjab ,froehn]1 ,notice1 no4 #af2 ,cl>ac1 #abb1 #cdb2 ,m4 ,w41 ,i1 ,pl4 #ac1 #df2 etc4 #bjac ,a4 ,m41 ,,xii1 #ahhg1 pp4 #cgh f4 7,wolt]s7 & ,pl4 ,,xii4 #bjad ,v1 #g4aj2 cf4 ,plut>*1 de ,musica1 #bf4 ,a!nu1 ,,iv1 #ci 7p4 #aed;a71 quotes f ! fir/ book ( ! catalogue ( ,olympic victors by ,erato/h5es to ! effect t ! ,etruscans us$ to box to ! music ( ! flute4 #bjae ,p41 ,v1 #ag4 #aj4 #bjaf ,ph41 #ee4 #bjag ,plut41 l4 c4 #bjah ,see ,p9d]1 ,ueb] d5 ,fu5fkampf d4 ,hell551 #ahfg1 pp4 #ig f4 #bjai ,he won sometime betwe5 ,ols4 787 #eh & #fb 7 #edh & #ecb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4i-aj2 ,hyde1 #abh;b & p4 #eb4 ,he also won six victories at ,delphi & flut$ at ! p5ta?lon3 cf4 ,p41 l4 c4 & ,ph41 #ee4 #bjbj ,s ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fjd4 ,an example1 on ! o!r h&1 ( a v small man erect+ a l>ge /atue is t ( ! poet ,lucius ,accius1 ^: /atue 0 set up 9 ! temple ( ! ,cam5ae 9 ,rome3 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ai2 cf4 ,b]n\illi1 ,roem4 ,ikonogr41 ,i1 p4 #bhi4 #bjba ,e4 g41 to ,ari/otle ( ,/agira3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4h2 ,hyde1 #da;b2 to ,gorgias ( ,leont9i3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4g2 ,hyde1 #ahd;a2 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bic2 etc4 #bjbb ,! fir/ "p ( ! pres5t *apt] appe>$ "u ! caption1 ,lysippus z a ,work] 9 ,m>ble1 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #b;d ,s]ies1 ,,xi1 #aijg1 pp4 #cif-daf1 & figs4 #a-f2 ! second "p1 entitl$1 ,! ,head ( a ,y\?ful ,h]acles f ,sp>ta1 appe>$ ibid41 ,,xviii1 #aiad1 pp4 #dfb-dgh1 & fig4 #a4 ,bo? p>ts h be5 rewritt54 ,! au?or is indebt$ to ! =m] editor-9-*ief1 ,dr4 ,james ,m4 ,paton1 = p]mission to use ! orig9al pap]s 9 writ+ ! pres5t *apt]4 #bjbc ,fir/ not$ by ,homolle1 ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xii1 #ahid1 ,,iii ,sr41 pp4 #deb f42 id41 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #eib f42 id41 ibid41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #dba f42 id41 ,rev4 ,ar*41 #aijj1 p4 #chc2 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 pp4 #bcd f4 7,! ,apoxyom5os ( ,lysippos74 ,= a good summ>y & a new id5tification ( ! figures ( ! gr\p 7)\t discuss+ ! /yle71 see ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,g>dn] & ,k4 ,k4 ,smi?1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xiii1 #aiji1 pp4 #ddg f4 7,pl4 ,,xiv & #ba text-cuts74 #bjbd ,! gr\p 0 compos$ ( n9e /atues3 ?ree ( a?letes1 ^? ( ! bro!rs ,agias1 a pancratia/1 ,telema*os1 a wre/l]1 & ,agelaos1 a boy runn]2 f\r /atesm51 & ! son ( ! d$icator1 & "o unkn[n3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 pp4 #eib f42 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aiac1 ,,iii1 no4 #d1 pp4 #de-df4 #bjbe ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xii1 #ahid1 p4 #deb3 8un des meilleures exemples de la manire de ,lysippe40 #bjbf ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 p4 #eih4 #bjbg ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #dgj-a3 8,l'auteur de la /atue d',agias 444 ne peut tre *]* que dans l'cole de ,lysippe ou dans sa dp5dance immdiate44440 ,on p4 #dgb he says t 9 ! ,agias we h a /atue 8qui appro*e aussi prs que possible d'un orig9al de ,lysippe40 #bjbh ,e9 delphis*es ,weihges*5ck1 #aijj2 = ! inscription ref]r+ to ! /atue ( ,agias1 see ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #eib-eic4 ,preun]'s +5i\s !ory 0 bas$ on a comb9ation ( ! inscriptions on ! bases ( ! gr\p4 #bjbi ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 #aijd1 ,pls4 ,,lxiii 7full l5g?71 ,,lxiv 7head72 /atue ( ,sisyphos ,i1 ,pl4 ,,lxv2 ,sisyphos ,,ii1 ,,lxviii 7 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 ,pl4 ,,ix72 ,agelaos 7 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 ,pl4 ,,ix74 ,= ! ,agias1 see also ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 ,pls4 ,x 7head1 two views7 & ,,xi 7/atue72 von ,ma*1 #bcd2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ccf1 fig4 #eif2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edi1 #aa 7be=e ! discov]y ( ! l[] legs74 ,! "n is to be spell$ ei!r ,agias or ,hagias2 ! =m] has n[ become usual4 #bjcj ,b>on ,otto ,magnus von ,/ackelb]g 7#agfj-ahcf7 visit$ ,ph>salos 9 ,septemb] #ahaa4 #bjca ,9 ! ,braccio ,nuovo3 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #hf1 no4 #fg & ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 no4 #bc2 ,guide1 ,i1 no4 #ca2 ,b4 ,b41 #bha 7head #dhg72 ,bulle1 #fb 7head #bac72 & recon/ruction 9 a bronz$ ca/ on a high p$e/al 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,erlang51 ibid41 pp4 #aag-ah1 fig4 #bb1 a1 b1 c 7cf4 ,mu5*n] ,jb4 f4 bild4 ,kun/41 #aijf1 p4 #cf72 von ,ma*1 #bce2 ,baum41 ,,ii1 p4 #hdc1 fig4 #ibe2 ,mon4 d4 ,i41 ,v1 #ahdi-ec1 ,pl4 ,,xiii2 ,rayet1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 #dg 7text by ,collignon72 ,ov]beck1 ,,ii1 p4 #aeg1 fig4 #ahb2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #dae1 fig4 #bah2 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 ,pl4 ,,xxxiv & pp4 #ajg-aj2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ccg1 fig4 #fjc2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #edf1 #b2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #hdh;,b1 #bafh;,a2 ,f4 ,w41 #abfd2 etc4 #bjcb ,cf4 ,f4 ,w41 p4 #ddi1 p>agraph #b ( ! notes4 ,e4 ,braun 7,annali1 ,l1 #ahej1 pp4 #bbc f47 fir/ id5tifi$ ! /atue ) ,lysippos' ,apoxyom5os2 cf4 also ,brunn 7,bullet9o d4 ,in/41 #ahea1 p4 #ia74 #bjcc ,cf4 ,beck]1 ,gallus1#c ,,iii1 p4 #ajh2 & especially ,j4 ,kuepp]s1 ,d] ,apoxyom5os des ,lysippos1 9 ,progr4 des ,bonn] ,gymnas41 #ahfi4 #bjcd ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fb4 #bjce ,ibid41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #bjcf ,especially its surface model+ 0 suppos$ to confirm ,pl9y's criticism ( ! ma/]3 op4 cit41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #bjcg ,"o ,hundr$ ,ma/]pieces ( ,sculpture1 #aiji1 p4 #ci4 #bjch ,unless we except ! ,a!nian torso to be m5tion$ infra1 p4 #bij1 n4 #d4 #bjci ,cf4 ,t>bell1 ,congress ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,/4 ,l\is1 #aijd1 ,,iii1 p4 #fad4 #bjdj ,de ,alex4 ,magn4 =t4 aut virt41 ,orat4 ,,ii1 #b 7p4 #cce1 b1 c72 ,s4 ,q41 no4 #adgi4 #bjda ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #acj1 n4 #bh2 x is also quot$ by ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #bbj-a4 #bjdb ,see ,ada ,maviglia1 ,l'attivit arti/ica di ,lisippo rico/ruita su nuova base1 #aiad4 ,= ! ,uffizi /atue1 see supra1 pp4 #acf-acg4 #bjdc ,9 8 discussion ( ! ,a!nian torso1 :i* he believ$ 0 ano!r copy ( ! orig9al ( ! ,vatican /atue3 ,a4 ,m41 ,,ii1 #ahgg1 pp4 #eg-h1 ,pl4 ,,iv2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #hai1 #a4 ,?is torso _h ! left leg free1 :ile ! ,vatican "o _h ! "r "o free2 x is also dry & h>d 9 its te*nique4 #bjdd ,t ( ,emil ,braun1 9 ,annali1 ,l1 #ahej1 p4 #bdi4 #bjde ,e4 g41 ,loewy1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xvi1 #aija1 p4 #cib4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijd1 ,,ii1 p4 #cgi1 n4 #a1 says t ! ,agias 8dem ,lysipp ga5zli* f]ne /eht10 & assigns x to an ,a!nian arti/4 #bjdf ,especially ! ,g>dn] bro!rs3 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #acj-aca 7:]e he id5tifies ! ,apoxyom5os ) ! ,p]ixyom5os ( ,dappos1 ! son or pupil ( ,lysippos1 a "w m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hg72 ibid41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 pp4 #bcd f41 especially p4 #bcf 7on pp4 #bee f4 he dates ! ,apoxyom5os j aft] #cjj ,b4 ,c41 ?\gh ultimately d]iv+ x f ! s*ool ( ,lysippos72 id41 ,class4 ,rev41 #aiac1 p4 #ef2 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 p4 #bbb2 ,hbk41 p4 #ddc4 ,t4 ,l4 ,%e>1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xx1 #aiaf1 p4 #bib1 makes ! ,agias ! c5tre ( 8 treatm5t ( ,lysippos4 ,/ill o!rs :o ?9k t ! two /atues c n be by ! same sculptor are cit$ by ,wolt]s1 ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aiac1 ,,iii1 no4 #d1 p4 #dd1 n4 #c4 ,see also ,f4 ,paulson1 ,delphi1 #aibj1 pp4 #bhh-bhi4 #bjdg ,e4 g41 ,collignon1 ,lysippe1 p4 #ca2 ,amelung1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xx1 #aije1 pp4 #add f42 id41 ,vat41 ,i1 p4 #hg 7:]e he says t ! ,agias (f]s ! close/ analogies 9 /yle to ! ,apoxyom5os72 ,mi*aelis1 ,die ar*aeol4 ,entdeckung5 des #ait5 ,jahrh41 #aijf1 p4 #bgf2 ,a ,c5tury ( ,ar*ological ,discov]ies 7transl4 ( prec$+1 by ,bett9a ,kahnweil]1 #aijh71 p4 #cbc2 id41 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cce2 = o!rs1 cf4 ,wolt]s1 l4 c41 n4 #b4 #bjdh ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fa 7 ,s4 ,q4 no4 #addd71 quotes ,d\ris z say+ t ,lysippos 0 ! pupil ( no arti/4 ,he tells h[ ! pa9t] ,eupompos advis$ ! sculptor z a boy naturam ipsam imit&am1 esse non artificem4 ,su* a judgm5t1 ( c\rse1 c n be lit]ally true1 z e arti/ is to a l>ge ext5t a *ild ( 8 age & circum/ances4 ,cf4 ,jex-,blake1 pp4 xlviii f41 = ! anecdotal "* ( ,pl9y's /atem5t4 ,t ! /atem5t comes1 p]haps1 f ,eupompos is ! view ( ,kalkmann1 ,quell5 d] ,kun/ges*i*te des ,pl9ius1 #ahih1 p4 #afe4 #bjdi ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 p4 #eih2 id41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 p4 #dga2 cf4 ,t4 ,l4 ,%e>1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 l4 c4 ,on ! relation ( ,skopas to ,lysippos1 see ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #abf f41 & ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 p4 #aih4 ,! influ5ce ( ,skopas is especially obs]vable 9 ,lysippos' treatm5t ( =ehead & eyes & 9 ! consequ5t int5sity ( expression4 #bjej ,jb41 ,,xxv1 #aiaj1 pp4 #agb-c4 #bjea ,see ,wolt]s1 l4 c41 pp4 #de f4 ,mo/ s*ol>s h foll[$ ! cont5tion ( ,preun] t ! /atue at ,ph>salos 0 ! old]3 e4 g41 ,k]n1 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ix1 #b1 #bdi4 #bjeb ,cf4 ,hill1 op4 cit41 p4 #ci4 #bjec ,mp41 p4 #cfd & n4 #b2 ,mw41 p4 #eig & n4 #c2 = ! ,b]l9 a?lete1 see ,bes*r4 d4 ant4 ,skulpt41 no4 #dga2 = a copy ( ! ,b]l9 head 9 ! ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1 see ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,,ii1 #achj bis2 ,jb41 ,,xxvi1 #aiaa1 p4 #bgh1 n4 #a2 & cf4 ,r4 ,m41 ,,xx1 #aije1 pp4 #adg f41 figs4 #e-g2 = ! ,dresd5 /atues1 see ,hettn]1 ,bildw4 d4 kgl4 ,antik5-samml41 nos4 #bde-f2 "o ( ^! has a be>dless head1 :i* is analog\s to a m beautiful head 9 ,cop5hag53 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 no4 #ajgb4 ,( ?is head1 :i* is e>li] ?an t ( ! ,apoxyom5os1 ,furtwa5gl] says t x is 8"o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ purely ,lysippan works 9 exi/5ce40 ,9 ,mp41 p4 #cch1 he m5tions a bronze /atuette ( ,h]mes f ,a!ns n[ 9 ,b]l9 7,inv5t4 #fcje7 89 ! sw++ po/ure ( ! ,apoxyom5os10 & says t x is ( ! pure/ ,lysippan /yle4 #bjed ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #bci-dj & ,pl4 ,,xvi2 ,duets*ke1 ,,iv1 #aea4 #bjee ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 no4 #bdj2 ,mahl] ascribes ?is "w to ,lysippos3 ,polykl4 u4 s4 ,s*41 #aijb1 p4 #aec1 n4 #a4 #bjef ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 #agdg1 p4 #ajb2 ,mp41 p4 #bih & fig4 #abf2 ,mw41 pp4 #eae & #eag & fig4 #ic2 cf4 ,mrs4 ,/rong1 9 ,/r5a ,helbigiana1 #aijj1 p4 #big4 ,x is #f ft4 #h 94 high )\t ! pl9? 7,smi?74 #bjeg ,a bett] copy is ! torso 9 ! ,l\vre1 ,photo ,giraudon1 no4 #abhi2 a head is 9 ! ,lat]an1 no4 #hia4 #bjeh ,de olymp4 ,/at41 ,halle1 #aijb1 & enl>g$1 #aijc1 pp4 #bg f4 #bjei ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,liv1 #c-d1 & ,textbd41 p4 #bji1 fig4 #bcg2 ,ausgr4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 #ahha1 ,pl4 ,,xx4 #bjfj ,,vi1 #b4a4 #bjfa ,! head is /ill exhibit$ at ,olympia 9 ! same room z ! ,h]mes4 #bjfb ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 p4 #aad2 cf41 ,ausgr4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 pp4 #ac-ad4 #bjfc ,olympia#b1 #ahhf1 pp4 #cdc f4 & ,pl4 ,,xvi 7"r74 #bjfd ,re/auration d',olympie1 #ahhi1 p4 #acg4 #bjfe ,9 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #b1 s4 v4 ,h]akles1 p4 #baff4 #bjff ,e4 g41 ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ahi-bbf1 especially p4 #bag2 von ,sybel1 9 ,luetz['s ,zeits*r4 fu] bild4 ,kun/1 ,n4 ,f41 ,,ii1 pp4 #bec f4 #bjfg ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bji & n4 #a4 #bjfh ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #def-g4 #bjfi ,polyklet u4 se9e ,s*ule1 p4 #adi4 #bjgj ,preun] 7op4 cit41 p4 #ab7 dates ! d$ication #cci-cca ,b4 ,c42 ,homolle 7,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xviii1 #ahii1 p4 #ddj7 m closely1 #cch-ccd ,b4 ,c4 ,preun] dates ,agias' victory ab\t #dej ,b4 ,c4 #bjga ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bjh1 gives ^! measurem5ts3 height ) neck1 #j4bgj met]2 height ( head alone1 #j4bae met]2 bread? ( face1 #j4abg met]2 height ( face1 #j4aee met]4 #bjgb ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe4 #bjgc ,! hair1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,apoxyom5os is an exception1 =1 ev5 if work$ out ) "s c>e1 x is devoid ( expression4 #bjgd ,! use ( ! drill is se5 9 ! ,praxitelian ,h]mes1 b is n se5 9 ! ,tegea heads1 nor is x common 9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #cji4 #bjge ,s ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bjh 7?\gh =m]ly 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 p4 #aad1 he call$ x a pancratia/ ) ,h]akles features72 ,reis*1 p4 #dc1 n4 #a2 ,flas*1 9 ,baum41 p4 #aajd #jj2 ,furtwa5gl]1 9 ,ros*]'s ,lex41 s4 v4 ,h]akles1 ,i1 #b1 p4 #baff2 etc4 #bjgf ,see pp4 #ge & #id4 #bjgg ,e4 g41 ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bjh f4 #bjgh ,supra1 pp4 #afg f4 #bjgi ,mi*aelis1 pp4 #dea f41 no4 #fa2 ,specim5s1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xl2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #big1 fig4 #abe1 ,mw41 p4 #eaf1 fig4 #ib2 ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ahi f41 & ,pls4 ,,viii-,,ix2 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #ccf1 fig4 #fjj2 ,cl>ac1 ,v1 #ghh1 #aigc2 etc4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 #agij 9 ! ru9s ( ,hadrian's villa at ,tivoli4 #bjhj ,,vi1 #a4d4 #bjha ,,vi1 #b4a4 #bjhb ,,vi1 #e4a4 #bjhc ,,vi1 #d4f4 #bjhd ,,vi1 #ag4c4 #bjhe ,ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus2 see infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cdb1 n4 #d4 #bjhf ,see li/ 9 ,hyde1 pp4 #c f4 ,"h nos4 #ia & #acf ref] to ! same victor4 #bjhg ,,vi1 #a4c4 #bjhh ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bji4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bjhi ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4d4 #bjij ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4f4 #bjia ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4b4 #bjib ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #aff 7,troilos71 #afj 7,kyniska71 #agb 7,sophios74 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bjic ,?is fact1 toge!r ) its place ( f9d+ n f> f ! ,great ,gymnasion1 l$ ,treu to believe t ! /atue once adorn$ ! int]ior ( ! ex]cise-place ( ! a?letes3 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bji4 #bjid ,! ,praxitelian ,h]mes simil>ly %[s an unf9i%$ treatm5t ( ! back hair2 9 fact ! entire back ( ! /atue is c>elessly done 7,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bjc1 fig4 #bcc71 ?\gh *isel-rasps %[ a subsequ5t attempt to bett] x4 ,?is condition l$ ,treu at fir/ 7,ausgrab4 v4 ,ol41 ,v1 p4 #aj2 foll[$ by ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #cjh1 n4 #g2 ,mw41 p4 #eca1 n4 #c7 to believe t ! /atue 0 made at ,olympia ) reg>d to its position 9 ! ,h]aion4 ,lat] 7,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bjd-e7 ,treu believ$ t ?is m]ely indicat$ t ! /atue 0 int5d$ to /& aga9/ a wall2 & s9ce ! pres5t base is n ! orig9al "o 7see ,bulle1 apud ,purgold1 ,ergebnisse v4 ,ol41 ,,ii1 pp4 #aeg f471 t ! /atue 0 n orig9ally meant = ! temple1 b 0 mov$ ?i!r1 p]haps 9 ,n]o's day2 cf4 also ,w]nicke1 ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #ajh f4 ,= ! ,h]mes1 m5tion$ by ,p41 ,v1 #ag4c1 & f\nd 9 ! cella ( ! ,h]aion on ,may #h1 #ahgg1 see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,xlix-,,liii2 ,textbd41 pp4 #aid f4 & figs4 #bbe-bcd4 #bjie ,h[ev]1 ,lysippos made ! /atue ( ,polydamas ( ,skot\ssa1 :o won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c471 _m ye>s aft] ! victory3 see ,p41 ,,vi1 #e4a2 ,hyde1 #dg2 ,fo]/]1 #bgi2 ,h4 ,l4 von ,urli*s1 ,ueb] ,grie*4 ,kun/s*rift/ell]1 ,diss4 inaug41 #ahhg1 p4 #bf4 #bjif ,p4 #bg4 #bjig ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aff2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4 #d 7bo? victories wrongly 9 ,ol4 #ajb72 ,hyde1 #f2 ,fo]/]1 #cch & #cde4 #bjih ,date giv5 by ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4b4 ,see ,hyde1 #cg2 ,fo]/]1 #cdi1 #cec1 #cei4 #bjii ,= ! e>li] dat+ ( ,lysippos1 see ,w9t]1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 p4 #afi 7:o beg9s ! arti/'s activity ) ! sev5ties71 ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #baa1 & ,mil*hoef]1 ,ar*4 ,/ud4 fu] ,h4 ,brunn1 p4 #ff1 n4 #b2 see also ,hyde1 pp4 #bf-g1 7:o gives ! sculptor's arti/ic activity z ,ols4 #ajc-aae #cfh-cbj ,b4 ,c472 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #baf-bag1 :o dates 8 activity #cff-caf ,b4 ,c42 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 infra1 next note4 #bajj ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxv1 #aije1 pp4 #bdc-bdi2 on p4 #bde he says3 8,!re is "s evid5ce = "w by ,lysippos at a lat] date ?an ,b4 ,c4 #cbj4 ,& if he 7 born1 z seems probable1 ab\t ,b4 ,c4 #cij1 he may well h accept$ commissions1 to be execut$ ma9ly by 8 pupils1 = sev]al ye>s aft] #cbj40 #baja ,p41 ,,vi1 #d1 #f-g2 ,hyde1 #da2 ,fo]/]1 #chd & #cib1 :o1 on ! basis ( ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 p4 #ge1 to no4 #ic;b1 dates ! victories ,ols4 787 #aab & #aac 7 #ccb & #cbh ,b4 ,c474 #bajb ,l4 c41 p4 #bdf4 #bajc ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag1 #c2 ,hyde1 #age2 ,fo]/]1 #cij & #cig 7 ,ols4 8 #aac & #aad1 #cbh & #cbd ,b4 ,c4 on ! basis ( ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 p4 #ge74 #bajd ,e4 g41 ,furtwa5gl]1 :o gives #cej-cjj ,b4 ,c4 z ! p]iod ( 8 arti/ic activity3 ,mw41 p4 #ebc1 n4 #c4 #baje ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 p4 #eih 7& copi$ 9 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 p4 #dbb74 ,! ,agias is b slightly lat] ?an ! ,h]mes1 if we accept ,furtwa5gl]'s dat+ = ! latt]1 ab\t #cdc ,b4 ,c43 ,mp41 pp4 #cjg-cjh2 ,mw41 pp4 #ebi-eca4 ,brunn _h reg>d$ ! ,h]mes z a y\?ful "w ( ,praxiteles3 ,deuts*e ,runds*au1 ,,viii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #ahh f4 ,purgold1 ,aufsaetze ,e4 ,curtius gewidmet1 pp4 #bcc f41 & ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahhg1 p4 #bhb1 n4 #i1 _h assign$ x to ! ye> #cfc ,b4 ,c4 #bajf ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #cg4 #bajg ,ibid41 #fa f4 #bajh ,! two are contra/$ 9 ,,xxxv1 #aef3 ,v>ro laudat et ,pasitel5 qui pla/ic5 matrem caela turae et /atu>iae scalpturaeque 7 sculpturae7 dixit1 etc4 ,cf4 infra1 ,*4 ,,vii1 p4 #cbd1 n4 #d4 ,!y are also contra/$ 9 ,,xxxvi1 #ae4 ,sculptura is ! mod]n title ( ,bk4 ,,xxxvi4 #baji ,,ii1 p4 #aej4 ,see also ,bulle1 p4 #acg4 ,among/ rec5t writ]s :o oppose ?is view are ,koepp1 ,ueb] d4 ,bildnisse ,alex4 d4 ,gr41 p4 #bi1 & ,preun]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #df-g4 #baaj ,?us ! ,sikyonian ,kana*os work$ 9 m>ble1 bronze1 gold & ivory1 & c$>-wood3 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ej & #ge2 ,,xxxvi1 #da2 ,p41 ,,ii1 #aj4e2 ,,ix1 #aj4b2 etc4 #baaa ,f4 ,spiro1 ,wo*4 f4 kl4 ,philologie1 ,,xxi1 #aijd1 col4 #gib 79 8 review ( my de olymp4 ,/at4 a ,paus4 commem474 #baab ,see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lv1 #a-c2 ,textbd41 pp4 #bji f4 #baac ,?is is sub/antially ,preun]'s view3 op4 cit41 pp4 #ci-dj & #df-dg2 ! lat] view ( ,p4 ,wolt]s t ! ,delphi gr\p 0 old] ?an ! /atue at ,ph>salos has already be5 m5tion$ supra1 p4 #bib2 see ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aiac1 ,,iii1 no4 #d1 pp4 #dd-de4 #baad ,9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xi1 #aijg1 pp4 #dad-af1 ,i argu$ t ! /atue ( ,agias 0 an orig9al & n a copy2 9 ! pres5t "w ?is view is some:at modifi$4 #baae ,s ,homolle1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 pp4 #dde & #dei2 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,c4 ,r4 ,acad4 ,inscr41 #aijj1 pp4 #h f42 ,h4 ,le*at1 ,rev4 des tudes anci5nes1 ,,ii1 #aijj1 pp4 #aie f42 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #dda2 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 p4 #abg2 cf4 ,preun]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ch2 etc4 ,homolle1 l4 c41 p4 #dga1 says t if ! ,agias is a copy1 8c'e/ celui d'une copie au!ntique immdiate1 contempora9e du modle40 ,! view t ! ,delphi gr\p 0 n orig9al is well express$ by ,p4 ,wolt]s1 l4 c41 p4 #ej1 :o says t 8niem& die delphis*5 ,/atu5 fu] ,orig9ale des ,lysippos erkla]5 wird40 #baaf ,hbk41 p4 #dda1 n4 #b2 only two small m>ble props1 rea*+ to ! calves1 support ! ankles4 #baag ,?is treatm5t gives ! impression ( texture & pr(usion2 see ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #cji4 #baah ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fi-ga 7li/ ( bronze works74 #baai ,me*anically exact copies 7 unkn[n 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,furtwa5gl] has %[n t su* copies began to be made 9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 or possibly at ! end ( ! ?ird1 & became common only 9 ! fir/3 ,ueb] ,/atu5copi5 im ,alt]tum1 #ahif4 #babj ,x is m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 ,,ix1 #ce4c1 & ! ,surname 8,oulios0 by ,/rabo1 ,,xiv1 #a4f 7,c4 #fce72 x is describ$ by ,plut>*1 de ,musica1 #ad 7 #aacf ,a71 & ,macrobius1 ,sat41 ,i1 #agac4 #baba ,s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,xiv1 #af1 ,boeckh1 p4 #bic4 #babb ,bekk]1 ,anecd4 gr41 p4 #bii1 #h-i2 cf4 ,a!n41 ,x1 #bd 7p4 #dbd f474 ,x appe>s on ,a!nian co9s also3 see ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #agd1 figs4 #h-i4 #babc ,p41 ,,viii1 #df4c2 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ge4 ,cf4 ,brunn1 ,i1 pp4 #gd f4 #babd ,p41 ,,ix1 #aj4b4 #babe ,op4 cit4 ,! transf]5ce to ! m9or arts--reliefs1 co9s1 gems & vase-pa9t+s--01 ( c\rse1 especially common at all times4 ,see also ,f4 ,haus]1 ,die neu-attis*5 ,reliefs1 #ahhi1 & ,flas*1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 p4 #aai4 #babf ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4e & ,,vii1 #bg4e4 ,he won ! pankration 9 ,ol4 #id 7 #djd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 #ha2 ,fo]/]1 #bhf4 #babg ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxi1 #ahig1 pp4 #faf-bj 7,homolle74 #babh ,see ,amelung1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #afb f4 & ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,cf41 ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #aij-aia1 & fig4 #bbb ,b1 on pp4 #ahh-ahi4 #babi ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxix1 #aiji1 pp4 #aea-b1 fig4 #a a & b 7,f4 ,h4 ,m>%all74 #bacj ,,xiii1 #aiji1 pp4 #aea-g1 ) ,pl4 ,,iv & figs4 #a-c 7,a head ( ,h]acles 9 ! /yle ( ,scopas47 #baca ,ibid41 pp4 #aef & #aeg4 #bacb ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts ,bullet91 ,,viii1 no4 #df 7,aug41 #aiaj71 p4 #bf4 #bacc ,,ii1 #aj4a4 #bacd ,f4 ,imho(-,blum] & ,p4 ,g>dn]1 p4 #cj 7repr9t$ f articles :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,vi-,,viii1 #ahhe-ahhg74 #bace ,discuss$ by ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ahi-bbf4 ,= ! co91 see ibid41 pp4 #bab-ad4 #bacf ,= ! two heads ( h]oes1 see ,kabbadias1 pp4 #aed f41 nos4 #agi1 #ahj2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #cc2 ,b4 ,b41 no4 #dd2 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bci1 figs4 #aah & #aai2 ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #c1 #ahhh1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv1 #b-c1 #d-e 7f ca/s72 ,mil*hoef]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahgi1 pp4 #acc-d1 nos4 #bd-be2 ,g4 ,treu1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #ih f42 ,luetz[1 ,zeits*r4 f4 bild4 ,kun/1 ,,xvii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #cbb f42 ,baum41 ,,iii1 pp4 #affg f4 & figs4 #agcc & #agcd2 von ,sybel1 ,weltges*4 d4 ,kun/1 pp4 #bee f42 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #cjf1 figs4 #edd1 a1 b2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #dab1 fig4 #aje2 von ,ma*1 #dfi4 #bacg ,,viii1 #de4f-g2 see ,m5del1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxv1 #aija1 pp4 #beg f41 & ,pls4 ,,iv1 ,v 7 head ( ,atalanta871 ,,vi 7 torso ( ,atalanta871 ,,vii1 ,,viii 7 heads ( ,h]akles72 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #daf1 fig4 #ajf1 has recon/ruct$ ! ,atalanta f ,pls4 ,,iv & ,,vi j m5tion$4 #bach ,l4 c41 p4 #bei4 ,! head has be5 re/or$ by a ,g]man sculptor1 & ! *9 appe>s to h be5 made too retreat+3 see ,encyl4 ,brit41 #aa? ed41 vol4 ,,xii1 s4 v4 8,greek ,art10 ,pl4 ,,iii1 fig4 #fc4 #baci ,f 8 ,atalanta ( ,tegea1 9 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 pp4 #agb-c1 quot$ 9 "p by ,dr4 ,bates1 l4 c41 pp4 #aee-f4 #badj ,x 0 *iefly ! prepond]ance ( ! l[] "p ( ! face ov] ! upp]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l>ge *9 & /rongly m>k$ *eek-bones1 t l$ ,treu to pr$icate ,peloponnesian r ?an ,attic influ5ce 9 ! ,tegea heads3 ,a4 ,m41 ,,vi1 #ahha1 p4 #djh4 ,he f\nd !m ,polykleitan 9 "*1 z did also ,graef1 l4 c41 p4 #baj1 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,mp41 p4 #ebc1 & ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #bch4 ,l4 ,r4 ,f>nell1 h[ev]1 long ago combat$ ! !ory ( ,peloponnesian influ5ce1 & f\nd analogies 9 fif?-c5tury ,attic works ( ! "t ( ,pheidias1 z well z 9 works f ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 see ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,vii1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aad f4 #bada ,descriptiones /at41 ,b 79 ,philo/rati op]a1 ed4 ,kays]1 p4 #hia74 ,he also says 7ibid47 t ,skopas 4 ,! words ) :i* ,diodoros 7,fragm4 #a1 ,bk4 ,,xxvi7 *>act]iz$ ,praxiteles1 z 1 apply mu* bett] to ,skopas1 = ,praxiteles' 8emotions ( ! s\l0 are mood & temp]am5t r ?an emotion & passion4 #badb ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxv1 #aija1 ,pls4 ,,iv-,v4 #badc ,! same ov]hang+ masses ( fle%1 :i* we see 9 ! male heads1 are1 h[ev]1 visible 9 sev]al o!r female heads attribut$ to ,skopas3 e4 g41 9 ! colossal "o call$ ,artemisia f ! ,ea/]n p$im5t ( ! ,mausoleion3 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lix2 9 ! head ( an ,aphrodite f\nd 9 ! sea (f ,laurion3 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xv1 #ahie1 pp4 #aid;f4 & fig4 7,aphrodite872 9 ! head ( a goddess f\nd s\? ( ! ,akropolis 7& 9 ! copy ( x 9 ,b]l973 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #deg1 fig4 #aai2 & 9 ! ,dresd5 /atuette ( a ,mnad3 ,treu1 ,mlanges ,p]rot1 ,pl4 ,v2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lii2 etc42 !y are also pla9ly visible 9 ! ,demet] ( ,knidos3 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,liii2 etc4 ,^! heads are discuss$ by ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #aij;f41 & are ascrib$ by him to ,skopas4 #badd ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxvi1 #aijf1 p4 #agd4 ,g>dn] 7ibid47 does n expla9 ?is contra/ 9 expression betwe5 ! ,atalanta & ! surr\nd+ h]oes on ! analogy ( ! contra/ 9 ! calmness ( ,apollo among ! /ruggl+ ,lapi?s f ! ,olympia p$im5t1 s9ce ! action 9 ! torso ( ,atalanta %[s t %e 0 no m]e spectator4 ,he f9ds ! explanation r 9 ! sex & y\? ( ! h]o9e2 = ?is reason he ?9ks t ! sculptor did n repres5t h] z %>+ equally ) ! o!rs ! passion ( ! combat4 ,he f9ds a tru] analogy 9 ! contra/ betwe5 calm & passion 9 ! ,lapi?s & ,c5taurs ( ! ,p>!non metopes1 :]e ! human & be/ial are ?us di/+ui%$2 j s ! h]o9e-goddess is "h di/+ui%$ f h] human companions4 ,he also supposes t ,skopas 0 n ready ?us e>ly 9 8 c>e] 7j aft] #cie ,b4 ,c41 :5 ! temple ( ,a!na ,alea 0 de/roy$ by fire7 to apply 8 new extreme ( expression to female heads4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ n be ov]look$ t ^! male heads--because ( _! m>k$ individuality--presuppose a m mature g5ius1 & s c j z well be assign$ to ! p]iod ( ! ,arkadian revival ( #cgj ,b4 ,c4 ,x has rec5tly be5 s]i\sly disput$ :e!r ! ,atalanta %\ld be assign$ at all to ! ,ea/]n p$im5t1 :]e ! ,fr5* excavators plac$ x2 ?us ,cultr]a has look$ ^u x z an akrot]ion figure1 :ile ,?i]s* & ,neugebau] h id5tifi$ x ) a s+le figure repres5t+ ,nike4 ,see ,cultr]a1 ,atti dell' ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 #aiaj1 pp4 #bb;f42 ,h4 ,?i]s*1 ,zum ,problem des ,tegeatempels1 ,jb41 ,,xxviii1 #aiac1 p4 #bgj2 ,neugebau]1 ,/udi5 ueb] ,skopas1 ,leipsic1 #aiac2 ! latt] has argu$ t ! head & torso d n belong toge!r1 :ile ,dugas has ma9ta9$ ! old] view1 t ! turn & position ( ! neck fit ! torso3 ,rev4 de l'art anc4 et mod41 #aiaa1 pp4 #i;f4 #bade ,! effect 9 ! ,tegea heads is height5$ by ! abrupt transition f ! br[ to ! socket--! out] end ( ! upp] lid be+ almo/ hidd54 #badf ,kabbadias1 ,i1 p4 #daf1 no4 #hfi2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 pp4 #afh f4 & fig42 ,conze1 ,grie*4 ,grabreliefs1 ,,ix1 #ahig1 no4 #ajee & ,pl4 ,,ccxi2 ,b4 ,b41 #dfi2 ,bulle1 #bfg2 von ,ma*1 #cfi2 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,sculptur$ ,tombs ( ,hellas1 #ahif1 ,pl4 ,,xiv & p4 #aeb2 ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lxv & p4 #bjh2 ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #aii f42 von ,sybel1 ,weltges*4 d4 ,kun/1 fig4 #bjd2 id41 ,zeits*r4 f4 bild4 ,kun/1 ,n4 ,f41 ,,ii1 p4 #bic2 cf4 ,wolt]s1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xviii1 #ahic1 p4 #f4 ,x is #a4fh met]s 9 height & #a4jg 9 bread? 7,/as74 ,! lik5ess ( ! head ( ! a?lete 9 ?is relief to t ( ! ,agias is /rik+4 #badg ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,sala di ,meleagro1 b 0 lat] remov$ to ! ,sala degli animali2 ,helbig1 ,fuehr]1 ,i1 #abh1 & ,na*trag2 ,guide1 ,i1 p4 #gh1 no4 #acc2 ,amelung1 ,vat41 ,,ii1 p4 #cc1 no4 #aj1 & ,pls4 ,,ii & ,,xii2 ,b4 ,b41 #chf2 von ,ma*1 #baf2 id41 ,greek ,sculpture1 ,its ,_s & ,pr9ciples1 #aijc1 pp4 #bgi f42 ,bulle1 p4 #dhd1 fig4 #ade2 ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #d1 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,xl1 #a;a1 #a;b 7head72 ,graef1 ,r4 ,m41 ,,iv1 pp4 #bah f42 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 #a1 #dgi1 #b2 ,cl>ac1 #hje1 #bjba4 ,x is #b4aj met]s high 7,amelung74 #badh ,de olymp4 ,/at41 p4 #bh4 #badi ,mp41 #bif f42 cf4 ,homolle1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 p4 #dej1 n4 #b4 ,furtwa5gl] ?\ght t ! head 0 ,attic & believ$ t x 0 ! direct successor ( ! ,muni* ,oil-p\r] 7,pl4 #aa71 ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos ( ! ,vatican 7,pl4 #f71 ! ,flor5ce ,apoxyom5os 7,pl4 #ab71 & analog\s to ! ,ilissos relief 7,fig4 #gd71 two bronze heads f ,h]culaneum 7a ,f4 ,w41 #acjb1 & ,comp>etti e de ,petra1 ,la ,villa ,ercol41 ,pl4 ,,vii1 #c2 b ibid41 ,pl4 ,x1 #b71 & o!r works2 ,graef1 op4 cit41 p4 #aii1 & ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 pp4 #aih-i1 reg>d x z ,skopasian2 ,kalkmann1 ,die ,proport4 d4 ,gesi*ts 9 d4 gr4 ,kun/1 #ec/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #fj1 n4 #c1 believes t x %[s ,polykleitan influ5ce4 #baej ,anci5t ,m>bles 9 ,great ,brita91 p4 #dea4 #baea ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 p4 #abh 7cf4 ,,xxv1 #ahie1 p4 #bdj71 has call$ x 8def9itely a ,lysippic "w02 simil>ly ,cultr]a1 ,una ,/atua di ,ercole1 ,mem4 della ,r4 ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 p4 #ahh2 rec5tly1 ,t4 ,l4 ,%e>1 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xx1 #aiaf1 pp4 #big-bih4 #baeb ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bai f4 #baec ,von ,ma*1 #bad2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,i1 #dhd1 #a2 ano!r 9 ,cop5hag53 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 ,pl4 ,,xxxii 7opp4 p4 #ih72 a head is also 9 ! ,ny-,c>lsb]g collection !re3 ,la ,glypt4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 no4 #cfb & ,pl4 #ajj4 #baed ,ant4 ,d5km41 ,i1 #d1 #ahhi1 ,pl4 ,,xl1 #b;a1 #b;b1 p4 #bi 7,pet]s572 ,collignon1 ,,ii1 p4 #bej1 fig4 #abg2 ,bulle1 #bab & fig4 #add1 on p4 #dha2 ,furtw41 ,mp41 ,pl4 ,,xv4 ,= ! ,apollo torso1 see ,m4 ,d41 ,i1 no4 #bae4 #baee ,m5tion$ 9 ,n4 ,scav41 #ahie1 p4 #aif1 & figs4 #a-b1 & 9 ,r4 ,m41 ,x1 p4 #ib 7,pet]s572 briefly describ$ by ,r4 ,norton1 ,h>v>d ,graduates' ,magaz9e1 ,,viii1 #aijj 7,june71 pp4 #dhe f42 von ,ma*1 #bae2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #b1 #eee1 #f4 ,cf4 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,iv1 #aijj1 p4 #bge & ,v1 #aija1 pp4 #bi f4 7latt] ab/ract ( pap] by von ,ma*74 ,! ,cambridge copy 0 f\nd ab\t #cjj feet f ! spot :]e ! ,b]l9 copy 0 discov]$4 #baef ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ff2 9 ! text1 et ,alex&rum ,!spiis v5atorem1 x is be/ to und]/& v5atorem z an appositive1 !re=e indicat+ a /atue ( ,alex&] z hunt]4 ,z ! bo> 79 ! bronze orig9al no support 0 necess>y7 is a ,roman accessory l ! *lamys1 x is be/ to call ! "w "u discussion n ,meleag]1 b m]ely hunt] & dog 7s ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,d5km41 l4 c474 ,x 0 probably d$icat$ by a successful hunt] to ,artemis1 or else x 0 a grave-monum5t1 z su* figures are common on s>cophagi3 see ,rob]t1 ,ant4 ,s>coph4 ,reliefs1 ,,iv1 ,pls4 ,,xlvii1 #aed1 & ,,xlix1 #aee1 pp4 #ahh f42 & also on ,attic grave-reliefs3 e4 g41 on ! ,ilissos relief m5tion$ above 7,fig4 #gd74 #baeg ,furtw41 ,mp41 pp4 #cjd-e2 ,furtw4-,urli*s1 ,amelung1 ,helbig1 von ,ma*1 ,arndt1 ,e4 ,sell]s-,/rong 7see introduction to ,furtw41 ,mp41 p4 ,,xiii71 etc4 #baeh ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,xxiii1 #aijc1 pp4 #abh-abi4 #baei ,sculpt41 p4 #bai4 #bafj ,cf4 ,p4 ,g>dn]1 ,types ( ,greek ,co9s1 #ahhc1 ,pl4 ,,xii1 #af4 #bafa ,pl4 ,,lxix 9 ,six ,greek ,sculptors4 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn] 7p4 #bbf7 is d\btless "r 9 believ+ t ?is =m ( br[ 0 a p]sonal peculi>ity ( ,alex&]1 z x recurs s (t5 9 8 portraits4 ,x is se5 9 ! head ( ,alex&] on ! s>cophagus f ,sidon 7ei!r by a pupil ( ,lysippos or by "s sculptor "u 8 influ5ce71 ! reliefs f :i* portray ! same subject z ! bronze gr\p by ,lysippos 9 ,delphi m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fd1 d$icat$ by ,krat]os on ! occasion n>rat$ by ,plut>*1 ,vita ,alex4 ,magni1 #dj1 :o /ates t ! gr\p 0 execut$ conjo9tly ) ,leo*>es3 see ,hamdy ,bey et ,?4 ,re9a*1 ,une ncropole royale ,sidon1 #ahib1 ,pl4 ,,xxxiii1 no4 #f 7reproduc$ by ,g>dn]1 ,sculpt41 ,pl4 ,,lxxi74 ,s f> z ,i "k1 x occurs 9 ,lysippan "w to a prom95t degree only 9 lik5esses ( ,alex&]4 ,we "k t ,lysippos creat$ ! ,alex&]-type ( head1 z he alone c\ld reproduce 8 manly & leon9e air 7cf4 ,plut41 de ,alex4 ,m4 =tuna aut virtute1 oratio ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #cce74 ,x is1 to a less ext5t1 pres5t 9 ! ,az>a head 9 ! ,l\vre1 :i*1 ow+ to its lik5ess to ! head ( ! ,apoxyom5os1 us$ to be tak5 z ! ne>e/ copy ( ! orig9al by ,lysippos4 #bafb ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! axis ( ! "r eye 9 ! head f ,sp>ta droops slightly1 :i* causes ! eyeball to turn 94 ,?is seems to me to be m]ely ! result ( imp]fect skill 9 model+4 ,x has a t5d5cy to give to ! face a look ( great] int5sity4 #bafc ,see supra1 pp4 #bie-f4 #bafd ,b4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 p4 #dee4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #aj f41 has %[n t x 0 a favorite device to repres5t box]s & pancratia/s ) a sombre look 78d] f9/]e ,blick074 #bafe #aajb3 ' 4 #baff ,9 ! passage already cit$ f de ,alex4 ,magn4 =t4 aut virtute1 ,orat4 ,,ii1 #b1 7 p4 #che;c72 444 1 4 4 42 cf4 also 8 ,vita ,alex4 ,magni1 ,,iv 7 p4 #fff71 444 4 #bafg ,! hair ( ! head f ,sp>ta1 l t ( ! ,agias & ! ,phil&ridas1 has n ! expression display$ 9 "s ,lysippan heads 7notably 9 portraits ( ,alex&]71 nor ! detail :i* we %\ld expect f ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,lysippos excell$ 9 8 treatm5t ( hair 7,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe2 see next note74 ,b ! ,agias & ! ,phil&ridas repres5t pancratia/s1 & "h we %\ld n expect su* expression4 ,9 ! ,agias1 ! hair1 ev5 if lack+ 9 detail1 is treat$ c>efully & ) v>iety4 #bafh ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #fe3 propriae huius vid5tur esse argutiae op]um cu/oditae 9 m9imis quoque rebus4 ,"h ! ^w argutiae means 8subtlety10 r ?an 8animation10 z giv5 9 ,h>p]'s ,lat9 ,diction>y4 #bafi ,i ne$ h>dly add t su* an idealiz+ t5d5cy %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! deification ( mortals :i* came into prom95ce aft] ! "t ( ,alex&]1 b exi/$ 9 ,greece f ! e>ly fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 at lea/4 ,! case ( h]oiz+ ! ,?asian ,!ag5es1 :o won at ,olympia 9 box+ & ! pankration 9 ,ols4 #ge & #gf 7 #dhj & #dge ,b4 ,c471 has be5 discuss$ ) simil> ones 9 ,*4 ,i1 p4 #ce4 ,b ! fact t a victor want$ 8 /atue to be m or less assimilat$ to ! ideal type ( ! h]o1 :om he reg>d$ z 8 a?letic prototype & ideal1 does n mean t he _h any idea ( look+ ^u himself z a god4 #bagj ,?is w\ld expla9 ! simple1 ev5 sket*y1 treatm5t ( ! closely cropp$ hair1 j z 9 ! ,agias & ! ,phil&ridas4 ,! simil>ly p>t$ lips ( ! ,sp>ta head are c]ta9ly m appropriate to an a?lete repres5t$ z we>y ) 8 toil ?an to a y\?ful ,h]akles4 ,! slightly fi]ce expression ( ! face1 augm5t$ by ! already not$ imp]fection 9 ! model+ ( ! "r eyeball1 recalls ! look *>act]i/ic ( box]s & pancratia/s2 cf4 supra1 p4 #cag1 n4 #b4 ,on ! ?reat5+ eyes ( conte/ants 9 g5]al1 see ,x5ophon1 ,mem41 ,,iii1 #aj1 #f-h1 & supra1 p4 #ei4 ,! head appe>s to me to be t ( a boy ( ab\t sixte5 ye>s2 its /yle is too e>ly = a victor 9 ! boys' pankration1 z ?is ev5t 0 n introduc$ at ,olympia until ! #ade? ,olympiad 7 #bjj ,b4 ,c473 see ,paus41 ,v1 #h4aa & ,ph41 #ac4 ,! wre/l+ mat* = boys 0 introduc$ 9 #ja4 #cg 7 #fcb ,b4 ,c473 see ,paus41 ,v1 #h4i1 & ,afr4 ,boys 7 fir/ all[$ to box 9 ,ol4 #da 7 #faf ,b4 ,c473 see ,paus41 ibid4 7?\gh ,philo/ratos1 #ac1 gives two traditions1 ,ols4 #da & #fj74 #baga ,we h record ( only "o /atue ( a victor set up 9 ,sp>ta1 t ( ! wre/l] ,hetoimokles1 :o won at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 see ,paus41 ,,iii1 #ac4i1 & cf4 infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cfb1 no4 #d4 #bagb ,9 ! pres5t *apt] ,i h p>tly rewritt5 two articles :i* h appe>$ 9 ! ,a4 ,j4 ,a42 ! fir/1 entitl$1 ,7 ,olympic ,victor ,/atues ,exclusively ( ,bronze81 9 vol4 ,,xix1 #b;d ,s]41 #aiae1 pp4 #eg-fb2 ! second1 ,! ,olde/ ,dat$ ,victor ,/atue1 9 vol4 ,,xviii1 #b;d ,s]41 #aiad1 pp4 #aef-afd & ,fig4 ,i4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,paton1 =m] editor-9-*ief1 = p]mission to use !m 9 ! pres5t "w4 #bagc ,on p4 #af he says3 id unum dubit>i non pote/ qu9 ,olympionic>um /atuae po/]iorum temporum omnes ad unam a5eae fu]9t2 on p4 #ag he aga9 says3 fi]i non pote/ qu9 exi/imemus illas /atuas omnes ex a]e factas fuisse4 #bagd ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bce4 #bage ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #ecj 7note on ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4a74 #bagf ,f4 ,w41 "u no4 #bac1 p4 #aja4 #bagg ,d5km4#c1 p4 #aja2 ,engl4 ed41 p4 #aag4 #bagh ,,vi1 #a4a-ah4g4 #bagi ,pauly-,wiss[a1 ,,vii1 pp4 #bahi f42 & cf4 ,brunn1 ,i1 p4 #gb4 ,see supra1 ,*4 ,,iii1 ,s*ool ( ,argos1 pp4 #aji-aaj4 #bahj ,brunn1 ,i1 p4 #cd2 etc4 #baha ,! inscription gives a fragm5t>y enum]ation ( v>i\s victories3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bcd1 p4 #cdf2 see infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cfj & n4 #c4 #bahb ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bce1 pp4 #cdf-cdg2 see infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 p4 #cfj & n4 #d4 #bahc ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #bed-e2 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #aj-aa2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,ii1 #b1 #b;a2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbb2 etc4 #bahd ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #aa-ab2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iii1 #c1 #c;a2 ,f4 ,w41 #cbd4 ,see supra1 p4 #bee4 #bahe ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #ab2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iv1 #e1 #e;a4 ,furtwa5gl] assign$ x to a /atue 8frei5 ,/iles40 ,cf4 ,f4 ,w41 #cbe4 #bahf ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bb2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 no4 #fc4 ,ev5 ! ve9s are "h indicat$4 #bahg ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #ab-ac2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,iv1 nos4 #f1 #g1 #h1 #aj1 #aa1 etc41 & see text on p4 #af4 ,9 ?is connection we h omitt$ bronze fragm5ts 9 mod]n museums kn[n to h once /ood 9 ! ,altis1 e4 g41 ! head f ,b5ev5tum 7,fig4 #c7 9 ! ,l\vre3 ,b4 ,b41 #cbd2 von ,ma*1 #dha4 ,^! h be5 already discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,,ii1 pp4 #fb f4 #bahh ,e4 ,curtius1 ,peloponnesos1 #ahea-b1 ,i1 p4 #he2 ,,ii1 pp4 #af & #if1 n4 #ad2 ,f4 ,dahn1 ,die ,g]man5 9 ,grie*5l&1 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 pp4 #abh f4 ,( c\rse1 long be=e ! b>b>ians ent]$ ,greece _m ( ! be/ ( ^! /atues _h be5 remov$ to ,italy by ,roman g5]als & emp]ors1 especially ,n]o1 & o!rs 7 de/roy$ 9 v>i\s ways4 #bahi ,he won 9 ,ol4 #ei 7 #edd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ah4g2 ,hyde1 #ahg2 ,fo]/]1 #aac4 #baij ,he won 9 ,ol4 #fa 7 #ecf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 l4 c42 ,hyde1 #ahh2 ,fo]/]1 #abj4 #baia ,t ( ,rhexibios 0 ( fig-wood & t ( ,praxidamas ( cypress1 & consequ5tly less decay$ ?an ! o!r4 ,we "k t cypress-wood 0 l>gely us$ = ! e>ly because ( its h>dness & durability3 e4 g41 ! gild$ /atue 9 ,ephesos1 m5tion$ by ,x5ophon1 ,anab41 ,v1 #c4ab4 ,!ophra/os speaks ( ! durability ( ?is wood3 de ,plant4 hi/41 ,v1 #d4b 7 74 ,cf4 ,hehn1 ,kulturpflanz5 und ,hau/i]e#f1 #ahid1 pp4 #bgf f42 ,h4 ,bluemn]1 ,te*nologie und ,t]m9ologie d4 ,gew]be und ,ku5/e bei ,grie*5 und ,roem]n1 #ahgi1 ,,ii1 pp4 #beg f42 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fbe4 #baib ,,vii1 #bg4e4 ,s*]] also1 p4 #ah1 n4 #d1 adduces a passage f ! "w ( ! second-c5tury ,a4 ,d4 rhetorician ,ari/eides1 41 ,,ii1 p4 #edd 7ed4 ,d9dorf71 :i* he ?9ks po9ts to ! exclusive use ( metal = victor /atues3 1 444 1 2 he also ref]s to a passage 9 ,dio ,*ryso/41 ,orat41 ,,xxviii1 ,a1 p4 #eca ,r 7#bhi ,m74 #baic ,f4 ,w41 no4 #bac1 p4 #aja2 ,s*]]1 p4 #ah1 n4 #c2 ,vis*]1 ,ae/hetik1 ,,iii1 #fjg1 p4 #cgg2 & cf4 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,r4 t4 ,gr41 ,,xx1 p4 #dac4 #baid ,see ,koehl]1 ,gesam4 ,s*rift5 7ed4 ,/ephani71 ,,vi1 p4 #cde4 #baie ,,vi1 #a4b4 #baif ,see ,hyde1 op4 cit41 ,catalogue1 pp4 #c-bd4 ,!re #ahh victors are li/$1 ,philon ( ,corcyra appe>+ twice1 nos4 #ia & #acf4 #baig ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #af4 #baih ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4a1 says t n all victors set up /atues4 ,?is has be5 discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,i1 p4 #bg4 #baii ,pl9y diff]5tiates c>efully betwe5 ars sculptura 7i4 e41 sculpture 9 /one7 & ars /atu>ia 7i4 e41 9 bronze73 ?us ,bk4 ,,xxxiv ( ! ,h4 ,n4 is conc]n$ ) ! latt]1 ,bk4 ,,xxxvi ) ! =m]4 ,9 ,,xxxvi1 #ae1 he says t sculptura is ! old]1 & t bo? bronze /atu>y & pa9t+ began ) ,pheidias 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh-dde ,b4 ,c471 a /atem5t :i* is inconsi/5t ) ,,xxxiv1 #hc1 :]e he speaks ( ,!odoros 7( ! middle or second half ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c47 z ca/+ a lik5ess ( himself 9 bronze4 ,b x is well kn[n t ,pl9y 9 8 long "w quotes f a v>iety ( s\rces1 )\t any attempt to reconcile !m4 #bbjj ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 p4 #dad1 says1 less correctly1 "o-six?4 ,=ty inscrib$ bases may be ref]r$ to victor /atues m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 :ile #fc o!rs h be5 ref]r$ to victor /atues n m5tion$ by him3 see infra1 ,*4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cdj f41 #cec f4 #bbja ,tak5 f ,treu's acc\nt 9 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bi-cd & #baf-bah4 #bbjb ,*apt] ,,iii1 supra1 pp4 #afb-c2 a ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #a-d 7) fragm5ts1 ibid41 #e-f1 #g-h1 & figs4 #cj-cb 9 ! text72 b ibid41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #i-aj4 #bbjc ,textbd41 p4 #baf1 fig4 #bda2 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #b4 ,furtwa5gl]1 despite ! size & mat]ial ( ?is torso1 ascrib$ x to ! /atue ( a boy victor3 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahij1 pp4 #adg-adh2 simil>ly ,treu1 l4 c42 bo? ref] x to ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & to a ,peloponnesian sculptor4 #bbjd ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi1 #c2 ,f4 ,w41 #ccj4 #bbje ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,lvi4 #d4 #bbjf ,p4 #baf1 n4 #d & fig4 #bdb2 a buttocks2 b "r upp] leg2 c b5t upp] leg ) knee2 d upp] arm b5t at elb[4 #bbjg ,v1 #ag4c2 "h he enum]ates images ( ivory & gold1 ! m>ble ,h]mes ( ,praxiteles1 an ,aphrodite 9 bronze4 ,simil>ly1 9 ,,ii1 #ag4f1 he m5tions d$ications1 ( diff]5t mat]ials1 9 ! ,h]aion ( ,argos2 9 ,i1 #bf4c1 he m5tions a bronze /atue ( ,olympiodoros at ,delphi d$icat$ by ! ,phokians1 b says no?+ ( ! mat]ial ( two /atues at ,a!ns1 :]e mo/ ( ! (f]+s 7 m>ble2 9 ,i1 #bh4a1 he speaks ( a bronze /atue ( ,kylon on ! ,akropolis2 etc4 #bbjh ,p41 ,,viii1 #dj4a2 to be discuss$ 9 ! second "p ( ! pres5t *apt]1 pp4 #cbf f4 #bbji ,r4 t4 ,anc41 ,x1 #aijh1 pp4 #afa f4 #bbaj ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,xlvi-,,xlviii2 ,textbd41 pp4 #ahb f4 & ,figs4 #baj f42 & ,ergebnisse1 ,,ii 7,baud5kmael]71 ,pl4 ,,xciii 7basis7 & pp4 #aec-e2 cf4 ,p41 ,v1 #bf4a4 #bbaa ,p41 ,v1 #ag4c 7already m5tion$ on p4 #cbe1 n4 #c74 #bbab ,see ,treu1 ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #baf4 ,to-day m>ble is f> common] ?an bronze = arti/ic "w2 ! rev]se 0 true 9 antiquity4 ,_m v>ieties ( bronze--a comb9ation ( copp] & t9 9 v>y+ proportions--7 nam$ f places :]e x 0 manufactur$3 e4 g41 ,cor9?ian1 ,delian 7! favorite ) ,myron71 ,aeg9etan 7! favorite ) ,polykleitos71 etc4 #bbac ,cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bronz4 v4 ,ol41 pp4 #ba-b2 #ej/es ,b]l4 ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 p4 #adg2 ,reis*1 p4 #ci4 ,good examples are ! ,tueb+5 bronze hoplitodrome discuss$ 9 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #bjf f4 7,fig4 #db7 & ! f ,dodona 7,c>apanos1 ,dodone et ses ,ru9es1 ,pl4 ,,xiii4 #a74 ,= diskoboloi1 see ,e4 von ,sack51 ,die ant4 ,bronz5 des k4 k4 ,mu5z- und ,antik5-,cab9etes 9 ,wi51 #ahga1 ,pls1 ,,xxxv1 #a1 ,,xxxvii1 #d4 #bbad ,,viii1 #dj4a3 1 1 4 1 ' 4 1 4 4 4 ,on ! v>i\s spell+s ( ! "n1 ,arrha*ion1 ,arrha*on1 ,arrhi*ion1 etc41 see critical note 9 ,rutg]s1 p4 #ai1 & ,fo]/]1 no4 #ajc4 #bbae ,bo? ,africanus 7see ,rutg]s1 l4 c471 & ,pausanias 7l4 c47 date ! ?ird victory4 ,pausanias & ,philo/ratos1 #ba1 place ! o!r two victories 9 ! ,ols4 j prec$+4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #bj1 n4 #a1 & ,fo]/]1 nos4 #ih1 #aja1 #ajc4 ,! /ory h[ ,arrha*ion expir$ at ! mom5t ( victory1 ?rottl$ by 8 adv]s>y1 ^: toe he succe$$ 9 putt+ out ( jo9t1 is told by ,africanus1 ,pausanias 7,,viii1 #dj4b71 & ,philo/ratos 7,imag41 ,,ii1 #f p4 #daa72 ,pausanias also m5tions t ! body 0 cr[n$4 #bbaf ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 pp4 #cia-b2 ,,iii1 pp4 #dj-a4 ,! /atue has o!rwise n be5 publi%$4 ,9 all probability x is ! same "o li/$ by ,waldem> ,deonna1 9 8 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 ,g5eva1 #aiji1 p4 #ahg1 no4 #gi4 ,?is 0 se5 at ,phigalia 9 #ahia by ,m4 ,*amon>d & notices ( x are to be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ works3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xv1 #ahia1 pp4 #ddj & #ddh2 ,*roniques d',ori5t1 ,,ii1 p4 #cf2 ,r4 t4 gr41 #ahib1 p4 #abg2 ,muell]1 ,nack!it und ,entbloessung 9 d4 altori5tal4 und aelt]5 grie*4 ,kun/1 ,diss4 inaug41 #aijf1 p4 #ajj2 ,r\se1 p4 #cjg4 ,pausanias' description ( ,arrha*ion's /atue is discuss$ by ! foll[+3 ,s*]]1 pp4 #af & #bc2 ,iwan v4 ,muell]1 ,h&bu*1 ,,vi1 p4 #ecj3 ,dumont1 ,mlanges d' ,ar*41 p4 #ec2 ,lange1 ,d>/ellung des ,m5s*5 9 d] aelt]5 grie*4 ,kun/1 #ahii2 ,brunn1 ,grie*4 ,kun/ges*41 ,,ii1 p4 #gc2 ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 p4 #ab1 no4 #i2 ,kle91 p4 #adf2 ,reis*1 p4 #dj2 ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aag1 n4 #a1 & ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,v1 #ahha1 p4 #cba2 cf4 ,deonna1 op4 cit41 p4 #ac1 n4 #d4 #bbag ,see ,lange1 op4 cit41 pp4 ,,xi f41 :o /ates ! =mula1 :i* we h already giv5 supra1 ,*4 ,,iv1 p4 #age1 cf4 ,loewy1 ,die ,naturwi$]gabe 9 d] aelt]5 grie*4 ,kun/1 #aijj1 pp4 #be1 #bg2 id41 ,lysipp und se9e ,/ellung 9 d] grie*4 ,kun/1 pp4 #ag-ah4 ,on ! pose1 cf4 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,manuel de ,philologie classique 7ed4 #b71 #aijg1 ,,ii1 p4 #ia n4 #b4 #bbah ,deonna1 op4 cit41 p4 #he1 says t ! size ( ! is an indication ( ar*aism1 z ! e>li] arti/s exagg]at$ !m 9 ord] to %[ ! sex bett]4 ,figs4 #g 7example f ! ,k]ameikos7 & #gb 7example f ,delphi71 on pp4 #acb & #agi respectively ( 8 "w1 resemble our /atue 9 ?is feature4 #bbai ,i1 pp4 #ba f42 cf4 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,n4 ,f41 ,x1 #ahef1 pp4 #aec f4 #bbbj ,see bibliography 9 ,collignon1 ,i1 pp4 #aag-ah2 cf4 ,g4 ,kies]itzky1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ahb f4 #bbba ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 pp4 #ee f4 #bbbb ,mw41 p4 #gab4 #bbbc ,i1 pp4 #aag-ai2 m fully 9 ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahhf1 pp4 #bce f42 cf4 also 8 lat] treatm5t 9 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,xx1 #aiac1 pp4 #e f42 he assumes less influ5ce 9 ! correspond+ ar*aic drap$ female type4 ,cf4 also1 = a simil> view1 ,f4 ,w41 p4 #aa 7to no4 #ad72 von ,sybel1 ,weltges*4 d4 ,kun/1 p4 #aad2 ,kies]itzky1 l4 c42 ,loewy1 ,jh4 oe/4 ar*4 ,in/41 ,,xii1 #aiji1 pp4 #bdc f42 cf4 id41 ibid41 ,,xiv1 #aiaa1 pp4 #a f12 id41 ,grie*4 ,pla/ik1 #aiaa1 p4 #e4 ,:ile ,loewy believes ,egyptian influ5ce rea*$ ,greece via ,crete1 ,p\lson believes t x came via ,phnicia3 see ! latt]'s ,d] ,ori5t u4 d4 fruehgrie*4 ,kun/1 #aiab1 & cf4 8 article 9 ,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xxxiv1 #aiad1 cols4 #fa f42 ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ci2 ,e4 ,krok]1 ,jb41 ,i1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aad f42 etc4 #bbbd ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xxi1 #ahii1 pp4 #agg f42 #cac f42 = a simil> view1 see also ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #cg f4 #bbbe ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 pp4 #ba f42 id41 ,l',ar*ologie1 sa valeur1 ses me?odes1 ,,ii1 pp4 #aic f42 id41 ,l'influ5ce gypti5ne sur l'attitude du type /atuaire deb\t dans l'ar*asme grec1 9 ,fe/gabe ,h4 ,bluemn] ueb]rei*t1 #aiad1 pp4 #ajb-adb4 #bbbf ,greek ,sculpture1 ,its ,_s & ,pr9ciples1 #aijc1 p4 #hd4 ,on p4 #cbd1 h[ev]1 he admits ,ori5tal influ5ce on ! ,greek m9or arts1 especially t ( ,assyria on e>ly vases4 #bbbg ,s ,potti]1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xviii1 #ahid1 pp4 #djh f42 cf4 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 pp4 #dg f42 ,sculpt41 pp4 #ag f42 etc4 #bbbh ,s*liemann1 ,or*om5os1 ,pl4 ,i 7re/or$72 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,,viii1 p4 #edc1 fig4 #bbj 7fragm5t71 7re/or$ on p4 #edd1 fig4 #bba1 f ,s*liemann72 ,spr+]-,mi*aelis1 p4 #aae1 fig4 #bdf2 etc4 #bbbi ,e4 g41 ,i1 #db4e2 ,,ii1 #ai4c2 ,,vii1 #e4e2 cf4 ,,iv1 #cb4a4 #bbcj ,i1 #ih4 #bbca ,bulle dates ! ,old ,k+dom f ! #cj? to ! #be? c5turies ,b4 ,c4 ,b e>ly ,egyptian dates are too unsettl$ to be discuss$ "h4 ,= a tabul> view ( ! *ronology ( ! ,egyptian dyna/ies z giv5 by diff]5t s*ol>s--,se!1 ,mey]1 ,petrie1 ,brea/$1 ,masp]o1 etc41 see ,encycl4 ,brit41 elev5? ed41 vol4 ,,ix1 p4 #gi 79 ! article on ,egypt1 ,*ronology & ,hi/ory1 by ,r4 ,s4 ,poole & ,f4 ,ll4 ,griffi?74 ,brea/$1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,egypt#b1 #aiaf1 *>t on p4 #ba1 dates dyna/ies ,i-,,vi1 #cdjj-bdge ,b4 ,c42 ,,xi-,,xvii1 #bafj-aehj ,b4 ,c42 ,,xviii-7"p (7 ,,xx1 #aehj-aaej ,b4 ,c4 #bbcb ,bo? are giv5 by ,bulle1 ,pl4 #e2 cf4 id41 ,pl4 #cg 78,apollos0 ( ,t5ea & ,volom&ra72 ,ra-nef]1 9 ,masp]o1 ,art 9 ,egypt1 #aiab1 p4 #hb1 fig4 #adh2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,i1 #ahhb1 p4 #fee1 fig4 #dcf2 ,tepemankh1 9 ,masp]o1 p4 #hd1 fig4 #aee1 & 9 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 p4 #fgh1 fig4 #dfa4 ,! /atue ( ,ra-nef] is #a4gc met]s tall1 t ( ,tepemankh #a4ff met]s4 #bbcc ,ka-ap] 9 ,bulle1 ,pls4 #f & #g 7two views ( ! head72 von ,biss+1 ,d5km4 aegypt4 ,skulpt41 ,i1 #aiad1 ,pl4 ,,xi2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,i1 p4 #aa1 fig4 #g2 ,masp]o1 op4 cit41 p4 #hc1 figs4 #aea1 #aeb2 id41 ,manual ( ,egyptian ,ar*ology1 #ahie1 p4 #bah1 fig4 #ahh1 & p4 #bba1 fig4 #aia4 ,! 8wife10 9 ,bulle1 ,pl4 #i 7two views72 ,masp]o1 p4 #hc1 fig4 #aed2 id41 ,manual1 p4 #bbb1 fig4 #aib4 #bbcd ,brea/$1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,egypt#b1 l4 c41 dates dyna/ies ,,xi-,,xii1 #bafj-aghh ,b4 ,c42 ! ,hyksos1 dyna/ies ,,xiii-,,xvii1 #aghh-aehj ,b4 ,c4 #bbce ,bulle4 ,pls4 #aa 7two views7 & #ab 7head72 von ,biss+1 op4 cit41 ,i1 ,pl4 ,,xl1 ,a 7left72 ,masp]o1 ,art 9 ,egypt1 p4 #aaj1 figs4 #bjc-bjd4 #bbcf ,we %\ld add to ! ,new ,empire ! ,deltaic dyna/ies1 f ! tw5ty-fir/ on4 ,brea/$1 l4 c41 assigns to ! ,new ,empire dyna/ies ,,xviii-,,xix & "p ( ,,xx1 #aehj-aaej ,b4 ,c4 #bbcg ,bulle1 ,pl4 #ag 7left72 ,masp]o1 ,hi/4 anc4 des peuples de l',ori5t classique1 ,,ii1 p4 #eca2 id41 ,art 9 ,egypt1 p4 #bja1 fig4 #cij 7 ! ,lady ,na72 ,mon4 ,piot1 ,,ii1 #ahie1 ,pls4 ,,ii-,,iv4 #bbch ,bulle1 ,pl4 #ag 7"r72 von ,biss+1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,lxiv2 ,masp]o1 ,hi/41 ,,iii1 pp4 #ejc-ejd & ,pl4 ,,ii2 id41 ,art 9 ,egypt1 p4 #bch1 fig4 #dee2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 ,i1 p4 #gad1 fig4 #dha 7pr(ile74 ,?\gh ! face is lifeless1 ! bu/ & l[] trunk are delicately model$4 #bbci ,we see ! ,egyptian treatm5t ( ! hair especially m>k$ 9 ! upp] "p ( a /one 8,apollo0 discov]$ at ,eleu!rna 9 ,crete1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,c&ia ,museum3 ,r5diconti della ,r4 ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 #ahia1 p4 #eii 7,loewy72 ,rev4 ,ar*41 #ahic1 ,pls4 ,,iii-,,iv 7,j\b972 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #adg1 fig4 #ba2 ,p]rot-,*ipiez1 p4 #dca1 fig4 #bjh2 etc4 #bbdj ,e4 g41 9 ! /atue ( ,ra-nef]4 #bbda ,e4 g41 9 ! /atue ( ! ,%eik-el-,bel$4 #bbdb ,high-plac$ e>s are common to _m ar*aic ,greek works o!r ?an ! 8,apollos40 ,!y p]si/ ev5 9 "s ( ! figures on ! ,p>!non frieze4 #bbdc ,on ^! common *>act]i/ics1 see ,ri*>dson1 p4 #ci2 cf4 ,h4 ,n4 ,f[l]1 ,hi/ory ( ,sculpture1 #aiaf1 pp4 #ei-fj2 etc4 #bbdd ,potti]1 op4 cit41 p4 #dad1 assumes a religi\s reason = ! left foot be+ advanc$ 9 bo? types4 ,= ano!r1 natural explanation1 see ,homolle1 de antiquiss4 ,dianae ,simul41 p4 #ie1 quot$ by ,collignon1 ,i1 p4 #aah1 n4 #c4 #bbde ,! ,greeks fir/ copi$ ! type 9 /atuettes3 e4 g41 alaba/] figur9es f ,naukratis3 ,w4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,naukratis#b1 #ahhh1 ,i1 ,pls4 #a1 #c1 #d2 ,g4 ,kies]itzky1 ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 ,pl4 ,,vi 7) head1 ?ree views72 ibid4 p4 #ahi 7figure 9 ,bo/on74 ,potti]1 op4 cit41 p4 #dji1 cites two alaba/] examples f ,egypt 7probably f ,naukratis7 :i* are nude1 & on ,pl4 ,,xvii1 he reproduces f\r t]ra-cotta drap$ figur9es 9 ! ,l\vre1 ( ,phnician manufacture1 simil> to ,egyptian works4 ,! nudity ( ! 8,apollos0 m>ks ! di/9ction betwe5 ,greek & b>b>ian art4 #bbdf ,brunn1 9 8 ,kun/ bei ,hom]1 #ahfh1 quot$ by ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #dg1 %[$ by a v true analogy ! way 9 :i* ! ,greek arti/ became an imitator4 ,! ,greeks borr[$ _! alphabet f ,phnicia1 b wrote ,greek & n ,phnician ) x2 j s ! ,greek arti/ borr[$ ! alphabet ( art f ,egypt1 b ) x wrote 8 own language ( art4 #bbdg ,ges*4 des ,mat]ialismus1#c ,i1 p4 #abg 7quot$ by ,f4 ,w41 on p4 #ab74 #bbdh ,?is is ! view ( ,k4 ,k\roniotis1 :o c>efully exam9$ !m4 ,i quote 8 words incorporat$ 9 ,dr4 ,svoronos' lett] to me ( ,dec4 #bi1 #aiaa3 1 1 4 ,! inscriptions on ! great majority ( victor monum5ts f\nd at ,olympia 7 engrav$ ^u ! horizontal upp] face ( ! base 9 front ( ! feet--at lea/ d[n to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bce4 ,ditt5b]g] & ,purgold h ref]r$ two inscrib$ convex bronze fragm5ts f\nd 9 ! ,altis to ! flanks ( victor /atues set up 9 imp]ial times3 ibid41 nos4 #bcd-e4 #bbdi ,only "o o!r victor f ,phigalia is kn[n1 ,n>ykidas1 :o won "s "t 9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 z ! mutilat$ epigram & arti/'s "n f\nd ^u fragm5ts ( ! p$e/al ( 8 /atue at ,olympia atte/1 a date out ( ! "q = our /atue3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #afa3 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f1 #a2 ,fo]/]1 no4 #cbd4 #bbej ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4h2 ,hyde1 #adh2 ,fo]/]1 #fa1 #fb4 #bbea ,p41 ,i1 #bh4a2 cf4 = ! date1 ,fo]/]1 no4 #ee4 ,see infra1 p4 #cfb4 #bbeb ,p41 ,,iii1 #ac4i2 ,fo]/]1 nos4 #hf-ij4 ,see infra1 p4 #cfb4 #bbec ,p41 ,,vi1 #c4h2 ,hyde1 #bi2 ,fo]/]1 #f4 #bbed ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4b2 x 0 accord+ly set up ab\t ,ols4 #gg-h 7 #dgb-dfh ,b4 ,c473 see ,hyde1 no4 #aaa1 & cf4 p4 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-df4 ,see infra1 p4 #cfb4 #bbee ,! god 0 s describ$ 9 ! ,hom]ic ,hymn to ! ,delian ,apollo1 v4 #acd1 & t to ! ,py?ian ,apollo1 v4 #bgb4 ,on ! gr\nds ( long hair & nudity ,g4 ,ko]te id5tifi$ ! example f ,or*om5os3 see 8 article1 ,die ,antik5 ,skulptur5 aus ,boeoti51 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 pp4 #cje f4 #bbef ,s ,vitet1 ,gaz4 ,b4-,a41 ,,xii1 #ahfb1 p4 #bi4 #bbeg ,see li/ 9 ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 p4 #ac1 n4 #a4 #bbeh ,e4 g41 on an amphora f ,vi5ne3 see ,annali1 ,,xxi1 #ahdi1 ,pl4 ,d41 & pp4 #aei f42 on ano!r f ,nola1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 ,b4 ,m4 ,vases1 ,,iii1 p4 #bcj1 ,e #ccf2 cf4 also ibid41 ,e #cac2 on a wall-pa9t+ f ,pompeii3 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #eh2 on a m>ble bas-relief 9 ! ,palazzo ,cors9i 9 ,flor5ce3 ,duets*ke1 ,,ii1 p4 #aad1 no4 #bhc4 ,^! examples repres5t ! god only4 #bbei ,i1 #ih4 ,cf4 ,brunn1 ,grie*4 ,kun/ges*41 ,,ii1 p4 #gf1 & ,grie*4 ,ku5/l]1 ,i1 pp4 #cf-cg1 no4 #aa2 ,muell]1 ,nack!it und ,entbloessung 9 d4 altori5t4 und aelt]5 grie*4 ,kun/1 ,diss4 inaug41 #aijf1 pp4 #aab & #abb2 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 s4 v4 ,apollon1 p4 #dej2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #ch & #gh4 #bbfj ,p41 ,,viii1 #ec4 #g-h4 #bbfa ,p41 ,,ii1 #cb4 #e2 cf4 ,,ix1 #ce4 #c2 describ$ by ,plut41 de ,musica1 #ad 7p4 #aacf72 cf4 ,annali1 ,,xxxvi1 #ahfd1 p4 #bed2 etc4 ,discuss$ infra1 p4 #cce & n4 #g4 #bbfb ,see li/ 9 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 pp4 #ha f4 7f :i* we h tak5 "s ( ! foll[+ examples74 #bbfc ,petrie1 ,naukratis1 ,i1 ,pl4 #a1 fig4 #d4 #bbfd ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #cbc4 #bbfe ,deonna1 op4 cit41 nos4 #a1 #b2 cf4 ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahhf1 p4 #bce4 #bbff ,see ,deonna1 nos4 #bh f42 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 pp4 #ff f42 ,b4 ,b41 #ab2 etc4 #bbfg ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 no4 #baj4 #bbfh ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 nos4 #bjb 7torso ,petrie1 ,naukratis1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,i1 fig4 #i7 & #bjd 7torso ,naukratis1 ,i1 ,pl4 ,i1 fig4 #c74 #bbfi ,ibid41 no4 #bjc 7 ,naukratis1 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,xiv1 fig4 #ac74 #bbgj ,see ,a4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahgi1 p4 #cjd4 #bbga ,see ,rapporto d'un viaggio nella ,grecia nel #ahfj1 9 ,annali1 ,,xxxiii1 #ahfa1 p4 #hj4 #bbgb ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,i1 #ahhj1 pp4 #afh f41 already quot$4 ,= ! monum5t ( ,d]mys & ,kitylos1 see ,gaz4 ,ar*41 #ahgh1 ,pl4 #bi2 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iii1 #ahgh1 ,pl4 ,,xiv2 ,f4 ,w41 #dd4 #bbgc ,on ! subject ( hair on 8,apollo0 /atues1 see ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,kun/my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 p4 #ad 7cf4 note f72 & cf4 ,mil*hoef]1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 p4 #ed1 :o disc>ds ?is feature z a crit]ion4 #bbgd ,= examples1 see ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 p4 #ab1 n4 #d & n4 #e4 #bbge ,cf4 ! colossal be>d$ /atue ( ,dionysos f\nd 9 ! qu>ries on ,naxos 7,komiaki71 describ$ by ,deonna1 p4 #bba4 ,9 a prec$+ note 7p4 #ccd1 n4 #d7 we h already li/$ examples ( ! type ( ,apollo appe>+ on vases1 etc42 see ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 ,i1 p4 #hb4 #bbgf ,! date ( ^! sculptors is fix$ by t ( _! pupil1 ! ,aeg9etan ,kallon1 :o liv$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 cf4 ,akropolis inscription1 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #bg4 ,?is /atue is m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,ix1 #ce4 #c1 z hold+ ! ,graces 9 "o h&4 ,plut>*1 :o cites ,antikles & ,i/ros z 8 au?orities1 gives a bett] description ( x 9 de ,musica1 #ad2 he says t x held ! b[ 9 ! "r h& & ! ,graces play+ on musical in/rum5ts 9 ! left4 ,a s*olion on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,xiv1 #af1 ,boeckh1 p4 #bic1 m5tions su* an image ( ,apollo 9 ,delphi1 manife/ly a copy ( ! ,delian "o4 ,bo? ! s*olia/ & ,macrobius1 ,saturnalia1 #a1 #ag4 #ac1 place ! b[ 9 ! left h& & ! ,graces 9 ! "r1 an arrangem5t confirm$ by ,a!nian co9s :i* are copi$ f ! replica ( ! /atue 9 ,a!ns 7,bekk]1 ,anecdota gr41 ,i1 p4 #bii1 ll4 #h-i74 ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #agd1 figs4 #h-i1 reproduces two ( ^! co9s4 #bbgg ,?is image1 kn[n z ! ,philesian ,apollo1 already discuss$ on pp4 #aah;f41 is describ$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ge4 ,x 0 made betwe5 #did & #dgi ,b4 ,c43 see ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 pp4 #dbi-cj4 ,x is copi$ on ,milesian co9s1 :i* repres5t ! god nude1 hold+ a /ag 9 ! "r h& & a b[ 9 ! left3 see ,ov]beck1 ,grie*4 ,my?ol41 ,,iii1 ,apollon1 ,mu5ztafel ,i1 #bb f4 ,p41 ,,ix1 #aj4b1 m5tions a c$> replica ( ! /atue 9 ,!bes4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a bronze1 ! s-call$ ,payne ,knight /atuette1 a copy ( ! "o on ! co9s2 x is reproduc$ by ,fraz]1 l4 c41 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #de 7 ,b4 ,m4 ,bronzes1 no4 #bji72 ,fraz] m5tions z o!r copies a /atuette 9 ,b]l91 describ$ 9 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 pp4 #hd-ia1 & "o f ! ,ptoian sanctu>y1 describ$ 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aij-f1 & ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,on ,milesian reliefs1 see "o publi%$ by ,kekul von ,/radonitz1 ,ueb] d4 ,apoll4 des ,kana*os1 ,sitzb4 ,b]l4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss41 #aijd1 ,i1 fig4 on p4 #ghg1 & p4 #gig1 & ano!r by ,?4 ,wieg&1 ,sieb5t] vorlaeufig] ,b]i*t ueb] ,ausgrabung5 9 ,milet und ,didyma 7,abh4 ,b]l4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss41 ,philosoph4-hi/or4 ,cl41 #aiaa71 p4 #ba4 #bbgh ,m5tion$ by ,p41 ,x1 #bd4 #e1 & ,philo*oros1 9 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,i1 fragm4 #bb on p4 #chg4 ,imp]ial ,delphic co9s f ! "t ( ,hadrian on repres5t ! god nude ) out/ret*$ arms2 su* co9-types may be copies ( ?is /atue2 cf4 ,fraz]1 ,v1 p4 #ceb4 #bbgi ,see ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xii1 #ahhh1 p4 #dfh4 #bbhj ,9 ! ,ottoman ,museum1 ,inv5t4 no4 #cgd2 ,re9a*1 ,rp41 ,,ii1 #a1 #gh1 #b4 ,x is describ$ by ,m5del1 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxvi1 #aijb1 pp4 #dfg f42 cf4 ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 p4 #bbf1 no4 #abg4 #bbha ,see ,deonna1 pp4 #aia f41 no4 #ha & figs4 #hd-ij2 cf4 ,annali1 ,,xxxvi1 #ahfd1 p4 #bec 7,mi*aelis74 #bbhb ,ibid41 pp4 #ahe f41 no4 #gg & fig4 #hb4 #bbhc ,e4 g41 ! two colossal /atues f ,cape ,s\nion discov]$ by ,/as 9 #aijf 9 front ( ! ru9s ( ! temple ( ,poseidon1 & n[ 9 ,a!ns1 possibly meant = ! ,diosk\roi3 see ,deonna1 pp4 #ace-h1 nos4 #g-h & figs4 #ad-ag2 = "o1 see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxi1 #aijf1 pp4 #cfc-d2 ,deonna1 no4 #g1 pp4 #ace & #cdg2 ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 no4 #bgbj1 pp4 #f-g & fig42 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #aig1 fig4 #dj2 x is #c4je met]s high 7,/as72 two f ,delphi1 call$ ei!r ,kleobis & ,biton1 or ! ,diosk\roi by ,homolle1 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiv1 #aijj1 pp4 #dde ,b7 & #ddf 7 ,a71 & #dej f42 ,homolle "h has ! lett]s *ang$2 8 ,b ,f\illes de ,delphes1 ,,iv1 #a 7 our ,a1 ,pl4 #h;,b72 see ,deonna1 pp4 #agf-h1 nos4 #fe-f1 figs4 #ff-i2 see li/ ( /atues f sanctu>ies ( ,apollo & o!r gods1 ibid41 pp4 #ah-ai4 #bbhd ,see ,mil*hoef]1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 pp4 #ed-ee4 #bbhe ,see ,loes*ke1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahgi1 p4 #cjd2 cf4 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #eg2 ,hill] von ,ga]tr+51 ,!ra1 ,,iii1 #aijd1 p4 #bhe2 ,ross1 ,reis5 auf d4 grie*4 ,inseln des ,aegaeis*5 ,me]es1 ,i1 #ahdj1 p4 #h4 #bbhf ,see ,deonna1 ,les ,apollons ar*aques1 pp4 #bch-i1 no4 #ada2 ,b4 ,m4 ,sculpt41 #bjg 7 torso74 #bbhg ,deonna1 p4 #bdg1 no4 #aee4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ rec5t ( ! s]ies & belongs to ! end ( ! six? or beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,orsi1 ,monum5ti anti*i1 ,i1 pp4 #ghi f4 #bbhh ,bulle1 #cg 7left74 #bbhi ,vit4 ,apoll4 ,tyan41 ,,iv1 #bh2 see supra1 pp4 #ajf-g4 ,s*]]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bc ff41 ?\ght t ?is /atue con=m$ ) ! type ( ! ,apollo ( ,kana*os already m5tion$4 ,reis*1 p4 #dj1 rightly believes t x _h 8no* ges*loss5e ,be9e1 ab] geloe/e ,arme10 i4 e41 l ! ,apollo ( ,tektaios & ,angelion already discuss$4 #bbij ,arndt1 ,la ,glypto?que ,ny-,c>lsb]g1 pp4 #a-b & ,pls4 ,i-,,ii2 ,deonna1 pp4 #adc-d1 no4 #ba4 ,x has be5 ascrib$ to diff]5t arti/s ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,le*at1 ,au ,muse de l',acropole1 pp4 #cei-fj2 ,kle91 ,i1 p4 #bdf f42 we h already discuss$ x on pp4 #abg-h4 ,e4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,s41 ,,viii1 #ahhg1 p4 #aij1 ref]s "s ( ! /atues f\nd at ! ,ptoian sanctu>y to a?letes1 b ,holleaux believes t ^! /atues repres5t ,apollo3 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 p4 #fh2 cf4 also ,/as1 ,m>bres et ,bronzes1 p4 #h4 ,w4 ,vis*]1 ,kle9e ,s*rift51 ,,ii1 #ahgh1 p4 #cjg1 admits t "s ( ! 8,apollos0 c be a?letes1 z ,conze & ,mi*aelis _h done3 ,annali1 ,,xxxiii1 #hfa1 p4 #hj4 #bbia ,see ,deonna1 p4 #bec4 #bbib ,?us ,s*]]1 p4 #bb1 n4 #c1 & ,reis*1 p4 #dj1 leave ! "q unsettl$2 ,g>dn]1 ,hbk41 p4 #ih1 n4 #a1 ?9ks t ! mat]ial = a decision z to a giv5 /atue1 :e!r ( ?is god or t1 or ( a wor%ip] or a?lete1 h>dly exi/s2 ,collignon1 ,my?ol4 figure de la ,grce1 p4 #hd1 recognizes t ^! /atues /ood = bo? gods & a?letes2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,iii1 #a1 p4 #bfb1 ?9k t ! type passes equally well = gods & sepul*ral /atues2 ,ov]beck1 ,i1 pp4 #aad-aae1 & ,f4 ,w41 p4 #aa1 believe t x repres5ts a g5]al s*eme = a?letes1 sepul*ral /atues1 & ,apollos4 #bbic ,! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt] appe>$1 "u ! title ,! ,positions ( ,victor ,/atues at ,olympia1 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xvi1 #b;d ,s]41 #aiab1 pp4 #bjc-bbi1 ) ,plan2 ! second "p1 entitl$1 ,greek ,lit]>y ,notices ( ,olympic ,victor ,monum5ts outside ,olympia1 appe>$ 9 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,philol4 ,assn41 ,,xlii1 #aiab1 pp4 #ec-fg4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,paton1 =m] editor-9-*ief ( ! ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 = p]mission to use ! =m]1 & to ,pr(4 ,cl>5ce ,bill1 ! pres5t secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association1 = p]mission to use ! latt]4 ,only slight *anges h be5 made 9 ! orig9al articles = ! pres5t "w4 ,! summ>y ( ! la/ section1 ,/ati/ics ( ,olympic ,victor ,/atu>ies1 is revis$ f my note publi%$ 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association1 ,,xliv1 #aiac1 pp4 xxx-xxxi4 ,i am also indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,bill = p]mission to use x 9 ! pres5t "w4 #bbid 444 7,,vi1 #a4a74 #bbie ,,vi1 ,*s4 #a-af4 #afi 9 my de olympionic>um ,/atuis3 ,philon ( ,k]kyra1 :o _h two /atues1 is !re nam$ twice1 "u nos4 #ia & #acf4 #bbif ,,vi1 ,*s4 #ag-ah4 #bbig ,see ,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,k>t5 u4 ,pla5e1 #ahii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv 7,do]pfeld72 cf4 also ,h4 ,luck5ba*1 ,olympia und ,delphi1 #aijd1 p4 #aa1 fig4 #e 7 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,xvi1 #aiab1 p4 #bjd1 fig4 #a74 #bbih ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 pp4 #aai f4 7& ,sket*-plan74 #bbii ,pp4 #de f4 #bcjj ,9 ,baum41 ,,ii1 pp4 #ajid f4 #bcja ,olympia1 ,ergebnisse1 ,textbd41 ,i 7,topographie und ,ges*i*te71 pp4 #hg f42 cf4 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cce f4 #bcjb ,de olymp4 ,/at41 ,*4 ,,iii1 pp4 #fc f4 ,! outl9e !re9 =ms ! basis ( ! pres5t treatm5t4 ,! numb]s ( ! victors f ! catalogue ( t "w1 %[+ ! ord] ( pres5tation by ,pausanias1 are "h reta9$ 9 p>5!ses3 e4 g41 ,telema*os 7#abb74 ,a lett] aft] ! numb] indicates ei!r t an adjac5t 8honor0 /atue1 e4 g41 ,philonides 7#aed;a71 /ood next to a victor /atue1 e4 g41 ,m5alkeas 7#aed71 or t no /atue is m5tion$4 #bcjc ,e4 g41 ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 #ahhf1 p4 #hh4 #bcjd ,e4 g41 nos4 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f 7 ,eleans2 #g-i & #aa-ad 7 ,sp>tans2 #ag-ah & #bc-bf 7 ,eleans2 #de & #dh-di1 #ea1 #ed1 #eg 7 ,arkadians2 #f-i & #aa-ad 7 victors 9 *>iot-races2 #cj1 #cd1 #cg1 #dj 7 pancratia/s2 #be-bh _h /atues by ,sikyonian arti/s2 #ci-dj _h /atues by ,a!nian arti/s2 #ei-fc =m$ a family gr\p2 etc4 #bcje ,ueb] ,pausanias1 #ahij1 p4 #cic4 #bcjf ,! lack ( cont9uity 9 describ+ ! alt>s l$ ,r4 ,heb]dey1 ,eranos ,v9dobon5sis1 #ahic1 pp4 #ci f41 7,die ,olympis*e ,alt>p]iegese des ,pausanias71 to conclude wrongly t ,pausanias took ov] bodily f an e>li] "w 8 enum]ation ( ! alt>s1 only "h & !re int]pos+ a rem>k ( 8 own1 z e4 g41 ,v1 #ae4 #b1 :]e he p>5!tically describes ! ,leonidaion4 #bcjg ,e4 g41 ! /atue ( ! ,ak>nanian box] 7#aj7 /ood among ^? ( ,sp>tan victors 7#g-ad72 ,eukles 7#eb71 a gr&son ( ,diagoras1 _h 8 /atue away f 8 family gr\p 7#ei-fc72 ! two /atues ( ,timon 7#ag & #aje d7 /ood 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,altis4 #bcjh ,,vi1 #a4c4 #bcji ,s ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 p4 #adf2 ,treu1 ibid41 p4 #bjg2 ,flas*1 ,hirs*feld1 & ,s*]]1 9 ! works already cit$4 #bcaj ,s ,do]pfeld1 l4 c41 p4 #hh2 ,mi*aelis1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxiv1 #ahgf1 p4 #afd2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #eca2 etc4 #bcaa ,hyde1 p4 #fd4 ,i "h app5d ?ree su* passages3 9 ,v1 #bd4c1 9 speak+ ( ! /atue ( ! ,zeus ( ! ,lac$monians1 he says t x 1 i4 e41 at ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! temple ne> :]e ! p$e/al 0 f\nd 7cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #beb1 & ,olympia1 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,i1 p4 #hf72 9 ,v1 #bf4b1 9 speak+ ( ! (f]+s ( ,miky?os1 he says t !y /ood 1 i4 e41 on ! nor!rn side ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 :]e mo/ au?orities f9d _! f\ndations 7cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bfg-bfi1 & ,flas*1 op4 cit41 p4 #ajic72 9 ,,viii1 #ch4b1 he says t ,m\nt ,lykaion is 1 i4 e41 to ! nor? ( t temple4 ,cf4 also ,v1 #ba4b4 ,pr(essor ,bluemn]1 review+ my monograph de olymp4 ,/at41 9 ! ,b]l4 ,philol4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,,xxiv1 #aijd1 col4 #achb1 objects to my int]pretation ( 1 & admits n "o b ?ree possibilities3 7a7 ( ! temple pro p]sona1 i4 e41 its s\? side2 7b7 ( a spectator fac+ ! *ief1 i4 e41 ea/ front1 ! nor!rn half ( ! space be=e x2 7c7 ( a spectator ) 8 back to ?is front1 i4 e41 ! s\!rn half ( ?is space4 ,b if ,pausanias _h meant ei!r ( ! two latt]1 he w\ld h said 1 z 9 ,,viii1 #cg4b1 1 cf4 ,v1 #ae4c1 or 1 cf4 ,v1 #bg4a4 #bcab ,= locations ( bases1 see ,ins*4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #aff 7,troilos71 #afj 7,kyniska71 #agb 7,sophios74 ,because ( ! f9ds 9 ! ,prytaneion bo? ,hirs*feld & ,s*]] />t$ ?is we/ ( ! ,h]aion4 #bcac ,f ! unf9i%$ condition ( ! back ( ! ,lysippan m>ble head f ! /atue ( ,phil&ridas 7#aj71 z well z its excell5t surface pres]vation 7,frontispiece & ,fig4 #fi71 we h already argu$ t "s ( ^! e>ly /atues may h /ood along ! s\!rn /eps ( ! temple aga9/ ! columns ( ! p]i/yle3 supra1 p4 #cjj4 #bcad ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bdh2 cf4 ,p41 ,v1 #bg4i4 #bcae ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #afa 7,n>ykdas72 #adf 7,kallias72 #aei 7,eukles72 #add 7,eu?ymos72 #aef 7,*>mides72 #aee 7,hellanikos74 ,o!r bases ( /atues :i* mu/ h /ood 9 ?is vic9ity h also be5 f\nd1 f> f _! orig9al positions3 i4 e41 ^? ( ,a!naios 7#cf71 #ef met]s we/ ( ! ,leonidaion2 ( ,polydamas 7#dg71 fragm5ts #bf met]s s\!a/ ( ! ,e*o ,hall2 ( ,diagoras 7#ei71 five fragm5ts ne> ! ,metroon2 ( ,damagetos 7#fb71 9 ! ,leonidaion2 ( ,dorieus 7#fa71 ne> ! ,victory ( ,paionios2 ( ,kyniskos 7#de71 inside ! ,byzant9e *ur*2 ( ,damox5idas 7#ed71 ne> ! ,h]aion4 ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #afh 7,a!naios71 #aea 7,diagoras71 #aeb 7,damagetos71 #aec 7,dorieus71 #adi 7,kyniskos71 #aeh 7,damox5idas72 = ! sculptur$ base ( ,polydamas 7#dg71 see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,,pi4 ,,lv1 #a-c2 ,textbd41 pp4 #bji f4 #bcaf ,argum41 ,boeckh1 pp4 #aeg-h4 ,pausanias names !m 9 ! ord]3 ,diagoras1 ,ak\silaos1 ,dorieus1 ,damagetos1 ,peisirhodos4 ,! s*olia/ names !m 9 ! ord]3 ,diagoras1 ,damagetos1 ,dorieus1 ,ak\silaos1 ,eukles1 ,peisirhodos4 #bcag ,see = ,ari/otle1 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,ii1 p4 #ahc1 fragm4 #bfd4 ,apollas ,ponticus is little kn[n3 cf4 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iv1 p4 #cjg1 fragm4 #g2 he probably copi$ f ,ari/otle's "w4 #bcah ,?is is ,ditt5b]g]'s explanation1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #aea & #aei2 & also t ( ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #aie1 ,s*]]1 p4 #di1 & ,gurlitt1 op4 cit41 p4 #daa2 ,purgold1 h[ev]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bfb1 has tri$ to reconcile ! two acc\nts on ! !ory ( no *ange4 #bcai ,h[ev]1 ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 p4 #ij1 ?9ks t ! two gr\ps ( ,diagoras & ,alka9etos /ood ap>t4 #bcbj ,! base ( ! /atue ( ,py?okles 0 f\nd betwe5 ! ,h]aion & ! ,pelopion3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afb-afc4 #bcba ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 p4 #dab1 assum$ ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( two diff]5t /atues ( ,lys&ros1 "o #ce a1 & ! o!r some:]e aft] ,*>mides 7#eh7 9 ! family gr\p ( ,diagoras2 ,kalkmann1 op4 cit41 p4 #aje & note #d1 expla9s ! discrepancy betwe5 ! s*olia/ & ,pausanias on ! !ory t ! latt] borr[$ f old] li/s2 ,purgold1 ,aufsaetze ,e4 ,curtius gewidmet1 pp4 #bch f41 assum$ b "o /atue ( ,lys&ros4 #bcbb ,s*]]1 p4 #ea 7cf4 ,plan opposite p4 #ef71 & ,flas*1 l4 c41 p4 #ajie1 note #a1 propos$ a r\te s\? f ! ,h]aion to ! we/ ( ! s-call$ ,great ,alt> site1 :ile ,hirs*feld1 l4 c41 p4 #aai1 made x run to ! ea/ ( x4 ,do]pfeld1 op4 cit41 p4 #hh1 />t+ ea/ ( ! ,h]aion1 made ! r\te run fir/ to ! we/ along ! s\? side ( ! temple1 & !nce ar\nd ! we/]n side ( ! ,pelopion1 & s across to ! ,eretrian ,bull2 ,mi*aelis1 l4 c41 p4 #afd1 ) ! same />t+-po9t1 _h x be> fir/ to ! ea/ p>allel ) ! ,treasury ,t]race1 & !nce s\?4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bcbc ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bei1 & ,ol41 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 pp4 #aec-aee1 etc42 cf4 ,p41 ,v1 #bf4a4 #bcbd ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #aeg 7,ssikrates2 = ! re/oration ( ! "n1 see ,hyde1 p4 #cg72 #afg 7,kritodamos72 #afd 7,x5okles74 ,! plate f ! p$e/al ( ! /atue ( ! unkn[n ,arkadian victor 7#gi7 0 f\nd f> away f ?is po9t1 9 ! ,palai/ra4 ,we h %[n 7supra1 pp4 #bdd-e17 t ! /atue ( ,philippos 7#gi;a71 m5tion$ by ,pausanias z ! "w ( ,myron 7cf4 ,,vi1 #h4e71 0 probably only t ( ?is old] unkn[n ,arkadian1 lat] us$ = ,philippos1 :o won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aai & #abe 7 #cjd & #bhj ,b4 ,c472 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #agd2 cf4 ,hyde1 op4 cit41 pp4 #ci-da4 #bcbe ,on ! "n1 see ,hyde1 p4 #db4 #bcbf ,see ,ol41 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,i1 p4 #hf1 & cf4 ,,ii1 p4 #gh4 ,a slit 9 ! l[] /ep ( ! base ( ! ,zeus may h conta9$ ! tablet m5tion$ by ,p41 ,v1 #bc4d4 ,?ree ( ! f\r inscrib$ blocks ( ,gelo's *>iot base 7 f\nd 9 ! ,palai/ra3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 "u no4 #adc4 ,= ,do]pfeld's id5tification ( ! ,c\ncil-h\se 7,b\leut]ion7 ) ! trip>tite build+ s\? ( ! temple ( ,zeus j outside ! ,s\? ,altis wall1 see ,ausgrab4 zu ,ol41 ,,iv1 #ahgh-ahgi1 pp4 #dj-df1 & ,olympia1 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 pp4 #gf-gi4 ,o!rs1 on ! basis ( a passage 9 ,x5ophon's ,hell41 ,,vii1 #d4ca1 wrongly place x ne> ! ,prytaneion 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! ,altis4 ,cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 pp4 #fcf f41 & ,do]pfeld1 l4 c41 pp4 #gh f4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bcbg ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #agg4 ,x /&s on ! s\? edge ( ! ,s\? ,t]race wall betwe5 its gateway & ! lat] ,ea/ ,byzant9e wall ( ! ,altis4 #bcbh ,hyde1 pp4 #di f41 :]e ,i assume t ! passage ,,vi1 #ac4h is a digression1 & t ! "n ( a victor has dropp$ out at ! end ( #ac4g4 ,!re ,i h ins]t$1 f a recov]$ inscription1 ! "n ( ,ake/orides ( ,alex&ria ,troas1 plac+ 8 /atue next to t ( ,agema*os 7#aah7 ( simil> date1 ! only o!r ,asiatic 9 ?is "p ( ! ,altis4 ,fo]/]1 #eja1 dates ,ake/orides wrongly 9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7on ! basis ( ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 p4 #cj1 n4 #b1 end71 al?\gh ! inscription f ! base is ref]r$ by ,ditt5b]g] to ! end ( ! ?ird2 ,agema*os won 9 ,ol4 #adg 7 #aib ,b4 ,c472 ,i h !re=e dat$ ,ake/orides t5tatively betwe5 ,ol4 787 #adb & ,ol4 787 #add 7 #bab & #bjd ,b4 ,c474 #bcbi ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adg1 #adh 7,tellon1 inscription r5ew$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c472 #afe 7,ari/ion72 #ahd 7,ake/orides74 ,roehl 7,i4 ,g4 ,a41 no4 #cee & ,add41 p4 #ahb7 ref]r$ an inscription on two m>ble fragm5ts f\nd 9 #ahgi 7cf4 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 p4 #afa1 no4 #cab71 "o f\nd ne> ! ,h]aion1 ! o!r ea/ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 to ! victor ,agiadas 7#ajc72 ,ditt5b]g] 7cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #aej7 & o!rs h rightly reject$ ?is ascription4 ,simil>ly ! inscrib$ base ( ! /atue ( ,areus 7#aje b71 son ( ,akrotatos1 ,k+ ( ,sp>ta1 f\nd 9 ! ,h]aion 7see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #cjh71 belongs r to ! second /atue ( ,areus 7#adh a7 d$icat$ by ,ptolemy ,philadelphus2 cf4 ,hyde1 pp4 #dd-de4 ,i h also ref]r$ ! second inscription ( ! arti/ ,py?agoras 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #ade7 f\nd 9 ! ,leonidaion1 to ! /atue ( ,a/ylos 7#aaj71 because ( its simil>ity to t on ! base ( ! /atue ( ,eu?ymos 7#ef7 likewise by ,py?agoras3 ibid41 pp4 #dg-dh4 #bccj ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #afi 7,ari/ophon71 #aed 7,x5ombrotos & ,x5odikos71 foll[+ ,rob]t's ascription1 ,o4 ,s41 #aijj1 pp4 #agi f42 a second epigram ref]r+ to ,x5ombrotos alone 7,ins*r4 v4 ,olymp41 no4 #agj7 mu/ belong to a second monum5t n m5tion$ by ,pausanias2 cf4 ,hyde1 p4 #ec4 #bcca ,e4 g41 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvii1 #ahgi1 p4 #adj 7quot$ by ,ditt5b]g]72 ,fraz]1 ,,iv1 p4 #dc4 #bccb ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #agf 7,ais*9es2 see ,fo]/]1 no4 #dea71 #agc 7,ar*ippos71 #ahf 7,epi!rses71 #cjd 7,antigonos72 a fragm5t ( ! base ( ! /atue ( ,demetrios 7#adg e7 0 also f\nd1 ! exact location n be+ record$1 no4 #cje2 #bgf 7,philonides2 a second mutilat$ copy ( ?is inscription 0 f\nd ne>by built into a late wall nor? ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*2 see no4 #bgg72 ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #ae4aj7 m5tions two /atues ( ,kapros4 ,= ! bronze foot 7,fig4 #fb7 ( "o ( !m1 see supra1 p4 #bee & n4 #c4 #bccc ,,vi1 #ah4g4 ,he gives ?is honor to ,praxidamas & ,rhexibios 7#ahg-ahh71 :o won 9 ,ols4 #ei & #fa 7 #edd & #ecf ,b4 ,c47 respectively4 ,we h already po9t$ out t ! /atue ( ,oibotas 7#bi71 :o won 9 ,ol4 #f 7 #gef ,b4 ,c471 0 set up 9 ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c47 by ! ,a*ans 7,,vi1 #c4h74 #bccd ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #bid 7,leonidas2 cf4 ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 p4 #cbb1 note #a1 ,treu72 #ahc 7,seleadas2 ?is is my own ascription2 see ,hyde1 p4 #eh2 ,ditt5b]g] wrongly re/or$ ! "n z 72 #fcb 7,polypei!s & ,kalliteles72 #aga 7,de9o/h5es72 #agh 7,glaukon2 8 monum5t 0 a little bronze *>iot1 n a /atue1 ?us imitat+ e>li] six?-c5tury victor d$ications1 l t ( ,kyniska 7#g72 no4 #bif is ano!r inscription f a /atue ( ,glaukon d$icat$ by ,ptolemy ,eu]getes74 ,! p$e/al ( ! /atue ( ,paianios 7#afg7 0 f\nd beh9d ! s\? side ( ! ,e*o ,colonnade & !re=e f> remov$ 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #agi72 ,pausanias aga9 m5tions ,paianios 9 ,,vi1 #ae4aj4 ,ano!r p$e/al 7no4 #fcb71 f\nd s\? ( ! we/ end ( ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 has be5 ref]r$ by ,purgold to ! /atue ( ,lysippos 7#afb73 cf4 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxix1 #ahha1 pp4 #he f41 no4 #chg4 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fae1 & o!rs h reject$ ! ascription4 #bcce 1 4 #bccf ,see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cbg-ccf & ,pl4 ,,vii 7,die ,altis ,mau] 9 ,olympia74 ,on ! we/ ( ! ,altis are ! ru9s ( two p>allel walls1 ! inn] ,greek1 ! out] ,roman2 ! orig9al ,s\? wall ( ! ,altis ran along ! l9e ( ! ,s\? ,t]race wall1 ! lat] ,roman wall 7dat+ f ,n]o's "t7 to ! s\? ( x4 ,?us 9 ,pausanias' day1 ! 0 opposite ! ,leonidaion4 ,9 two o!r passages1 h[ev]1 x appe>s to be at ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! ,altis 7,v1 #ae4g2 ,,vi1 #bj4g74 ,r4 ,heb]dey 79 ,eranos ,v9dobon5sis1 #ahic1 pp4 #cd-dg7 expla9s ?is discrepancy by say+ t ,pausanias1 9 m5tion+ ! s\?we/]n entrance1 is writ+ f 8 own obs]vation aft] ! ,roman ext5sion1 & 9 ! o!r passages is copy+ f o!r writ]s :o wrote be=e t ext5sion4 ,do]pfeld's explanation1 h[ev]1 is bett]3 9 ! ,roman ext5sion a gate 0 built at ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! new ,we/ wall sup]s$+ ! old] s\!a/ entrance4 ,processions /ill pass$ along ! same way1 b 7 n[ inside ! ,altis1 ! great gateway ( ,n]o at ! s\!a/ corn] be+ giv5 up aft] 8 dea?4 ,cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 pp4 #egj-egb2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #cge-f4 #bccg ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4a4 #bcch ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cag-cbf 7,die ,bau9s*rift des ,leonidaions zu ,olympia72 & cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #fea1 & ,olympia1 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 ,die ,baud5kmael]1 pp4 #hc-ic1 & ,tafelbd41 ,pls4 ,,lxii-,,lxvi 7,r4 ,borrmann74 #bcci ,e4 g41 ,k4 ,lange1 ,haus und ,halle1 #ahhe1 pp4 #cca f2 ,hirs*feld1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #aba2 ,flas*1 9 ,baum41 ,,ii1 pp4 #ajie & #aajd ,k4 ,o!rs plac$ x else:]e3 e4 g41 ,curtius-,adl]1 ,olympia und ,umgeg5d1 #ahhb1 pp4 #bc f42 ,s*]]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #ee f4 7& ,plan71 id5tifi$ x ) ! 8,s\?-ea/ ,build+10 :]e he _h ?is second beg94 #bcdj ,v1 #ac4i4 ,= full acc\nt ( ! alt>1 see ,v1 #ac4h-aa4 #bcda ,?us ,curtius1 ,alta]e v4 ,ol41 ,abh&l4 d4 k4 ,preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 #ahhb1 p4 #d 7 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 #ahid1 ,,ii1 pp4 #db f472 ,adl]1 ,a4 ,a41 #ahid1 p4 #he2 ibid41 #ahie1 pp4 #ajh f4 7cf4 8 recon/ruction 9 ,olympia1 ,ergebn41 ,tafelbd41 ,,ii1 ,pl4 ,,cxxxii & ,textbd41 ,,ii1 pp4 #baj f472 ,curtius-,adl]1 ,olympia u4 ,umgeg5d1 p4 #ce2 ,flas*1 op4 cit41 p4 #ajfg 7cf4 ,funde v4 ,ol41 pp4 #bch-bci72 ,boetti*]1 ,olympia#b1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aij f4 7& ,plan72 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,bronz5 v4 ,olympia1 p4 #d2 ,hirs*feld1 op4 cit41 p4 #aai 7 ,plan72 ,s*]]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ef 7) ,plan72 ,tr5del5burg1 ,d] grosse ,alt> des ,zeus 9 ,olympia1 #aijb1 pp4 #ag f42 ,do]pfeld1 ,olympia1 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii 7,baud5kmael]7 p4 #afb1 7cf4 ,i1 p4 #hb1 :]e he admits ! possibility t x may h /ood fur!r nor?we/1 ne>] ! ,h]aion72 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 p4 #eef2 etc4 #bcdb ,see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xxxiii1 #aijh1 pp4 #ahe-aib 7,olympia 9 praehi/oris*] ,zeit72 cf4 ,ye>'s ,"w 9 ,classical ,/udies1 ,,iii1 #aijh1 p4 #ab4 #bcdc ,= ,pu*/e9's location & =m ( ! alt> ( ,zeus1 see ,a4 ,a41 #ahic1 p4 #bb2 ibid41 #ahie1 p4 #ajg2 ,jb41 ,,xi1 #ahif1 pp4 #ec f4 7) 8oblong0 recon/ruction by ,koldewey1 pp4 #gf-gg72 = ,w]nicke's view1 see ,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 pp4 #ic f4 ,?is view 0 already refut$ by ,adl]1 ,a4 ,a41 #ahie1 p4 #ajh1 & ,do]pfeld1 ,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 pp4 #afb f4 ,do]pfeld lat] ref]r$ ^! rema9s also to prehi/oric h\ses 7cf4 prec$+ note7 #bcdd ,v1 #ac4h4 ,! exact site ( ! ,pelopion is giv5 9 ,v1 #ac4a 7see ,plans ,a & ,b74 ,w]nicke1 7l4 c41 pp4 #id f47 plac$ ! old] alt> ( ,zeus 7:o 0 at fir/ wor%ip$ 9 common ) ,h]a7 betwe5 ! ,h]aion & ,pelopion 7z ,pu*/e9 also did74 ,he believ$ t lat]1 h[ev]1 aft] ! build+ ( ! temple ( ,zeus & ! ,pelopion1 ! alt> 0 mov$ ea/ ( bo? & /ood some:]e nor?we/ ( ! elliptical depression1 :]e ,pausanias saw x4 ,he expla9$ ! lack ( rema9s on ! !ory t ! ,*ri/ians w\ld completely de/roy ?is1 ! *ief pagan alt>4 ,b x is difficult to see :y ! few ,*ri/ian settl]s 9 ?is out ( ! way place %\ld h %[n any su* ang]4 ,do]pfeld 7,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 ,baud5kmael]1 p4 #afc7 sugge/$ t x may h /ood s\? ( ! ,ex$ra ( ,h]odes ,attikos1 :]e its site mu/ c]ta9ly be s\ght4 #bcde ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 i1 p4 #cei1 rightly say t ! words ( ,pausanias po9t to a place 9 ! ,altis :]e !re are nei!r f\ndations nor a%es4 ,s9ce x is incr$ible t ! ,*ri/ians %\ld h de/roy$ x s completely1 !y assume t ,pausanias made a mi/ake 9 8 directions4 ,_! conclusion t ! elliptical depression be/ fits ! conditions is unt5able n[4 #bcdf ,op4 cit41 p4 #afd4 #bcdg ,see ,a4 ,m41 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cce-ccf1 & ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,i1 p4 #hh4 ,9 ! latt] he says3 8,zu uns]] ,v]wund]ung seh5 wir1 dass d] zweite ,teil die ununt]bro*5e ,=tsetzung des er/5 ,teiles i/1 also 9 ,wirkli*keit nur e9e ,ephodos1 nur e9 e9zig] ,rundgang40 #bcdh ,?is pill> /ood betwe5 ! ,great ,alt> & ! temple ( ,zeus3 ,p41 ,v1 #bj4 #f4 #bcdi 1 4 4 41 7,,vi1 #ag4g72 aga9 9 ,,vi1 #ah4b he says t he discov]$ ! /atue ( ,anaxim5es 8by se>*+0 774 #bcej ,simil>ly1 on arriv+ at ! /atue ( ,telema*os1 he mov$ fir/ to ! ea/ & !n return$ 7pass+ ! *>iot ( ,kleo/h5es7 be=e proce$+ we/1 )\t m5tion+ x3 see supra1 p4 #cde4 #bcea ,on analogy ) ,v1 #ae4a4 ,see ,hyde1 p4 #fh4 #bceb ,! ,t]race wall c /ill be trac$ be=e ! we/]n front ( ! temple & also to ! nor?-ea/ ( x2 cf4 ,treu1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 p4 #cf3 8,s umgab d5n v]mutli* e9/ d5 ganz5 ,tempel e9e /atu5bekro5te ,t]rasse40 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 p4 #fai1 suppose su* a road to ! we/ & nor? ( ! temple1 b w\ld int]pret x z be+ 4 #bcec ,cf4 ,hyde1 p4 #gj4 ,hitz4-,bluemn4 7see prec$+ note7 reject$ ?is textual *ange ( m9e z unnecess>y1 & foll[$ ,hirs*feld & ,do]pfeld 9 hav+ ,pausanias return along ! s\? side ( ! temple ( ,zeus4 ,i propos$ ?is *ange by analogy ) ! text ( ,v1 #bd4a1 ,v1 #ba4b1 & o!r passages4 #bced ,! bronze tablet ( ,demokrates 7#agj71 f\nd s\? ( ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 did n belong to 8 victor /atue1 b to a base :i* /ood probably inside ! temple3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol4 no4 #ci4 ,also ! ar*aic m>ble helmet$ head & arm ) ! rema9s ( a %ield atta*$ 7see ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,tafelbd41 ,pl4 ,,vi1 #a-d1 & #e-f71 ! head be+ f\nd we/ ( ! temple & ! arm be=e ! gate ( ! ,pelopion1 wrongly ascrib$ by ,treu 7,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #dh f41 & ,bildw4 v4 ,ol41 ,,iii1 pp4 #cc-cd7 & ,ov]beck 7,i1 pp4 #aih f41 & p4 #agh7 to ,ep]a/os 7#ahc71 ,i h ref]r$ to an old] hoplite1 ,phrikias ( ,pel9na 7,fo]/]1 nos4 #aea1 #aee73 see ,hyde1 p4 #dc1 & supra1 ,*4 ,,iii1 pp4 #afb-c & ,fig4 #cj;a1 b4 #bcee ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bic4 #bcef ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 nos4 #bfg-bfi4 ,! suppos$ f\ndation 0 f\nd ?irty feet nor? ( ! temple2 cf4 ,fraz]1 ,,iii1 pp4 #fdf f42 etc4 #bceg ,v1 #bj4f f4 ,a l>ge f\ndation1 betwe5 ! p$e/al ( ,dropion1 ,k+ ( ! ,paionians1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #cjc1 7see ,plans ,a & ,b71 & ! p$e/al ( ! ,eretrian ,bull1 may h =m$ "p ( ! h\se ( ,o9omaos 7cf4 ,curtius-,adl]1 op4 cit41 p4 #dj2 ,flas*1 l4 c41 p4 #ajgd74 ,w]nicke1 7,jb41 ,,ix1 #ahid1 p4 #ie71 h[ev]1 ref]s x to ! oval depression call$ ! ,great ,alt> site4 ,do]pfeld 7,ergebn4 v4 ,ol41 ,textbd41 ,i1 p4 #hb7 is oppos$ to ?is view & places x fur!r nor?1 ne> ! ,metroon4 #bceh ,?is is ,kalkmann's !ory 7op4 cit41 p4 #hi71 :o calls ?is section 7,,vi1 #ah4g7 ! 8letzt] ,trumpf10 an addition hav+ no connection ) ! second 4 ,he comp>es x ) ,v1 #bd4i1 :]e ,pausanias1 aft] end+ ! p]iegesis ( ! alt>s1 adds "o m1 t ( 8,zeus ,horkios10 :i* /ood 9 ! ,c\ncil ,h\se1 ?\gh he _h already pass$ ?is po9t twice )\t m5tion+ ! fact4 ,kalkmann also comp>es x ) ,v1 #bg4ab 7! transition to ! acc\nt ( ! victor /atues74 ,gurlitt 7op4 cit41 p4 #cib7 expla9s ?is la/ section1 i4 e41 ,v1 #bg4ab1 z due to a lat] revision ( ,pausanias' "w4 #bcei ,,vi1 #ai4a4 #bcfj ,see ! ,catalogue 9 my de olymp4 ,/at41 7pp4 #c f47 = dates2 & cf4 ibid41 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #gb f41 = results4 ,! summ>ies are made only on ! basis ( ! #aec monum5ts :i* c be exactly or approximately dat$4 #bcfa ,eutelidas 7#adh71 ,praxidamas 7#ah71 ,rhexibios 7#ahh71 ,polypei!s & ,kalliteles 7#afj-afa74 #bcfb ,on ! date ( ! temple ( ,zeus 78#dfh-def ,b4 ,c471 cf4 ,do]pfeld1 ,ol41 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii1 pp4 #ai4 f4 #bcfc ,enation 7#agf7 is simply call$ an ,arkadian by ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4c4 #bcfd ,,vi1 #a4b1 & cf4 8 words 9 ,,vi1 #ag4a4 #bcfe ,! la/ dat$ victor /atue at ,olympia1 kn[n f inscriptions1 is t ( ,val]ios ,eklektos ( ,s9ope1 f\r times victor z h]ald1 w9n+ 9 ,ols4 #bef1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfj 7 #bde1 #bec-bfa ,a4 ,d473 ,fo]/]1 #gda-gdd4 ,phil\m5os ( ,philadelphia 9 ,lydia1 victor 9 wre/l+ 787 9 ,ol4 787 #bhh 7 #cgc ,a4 ,d471 ,fo]/]1 #gej1 _h a /atue1 z we le>n f ! conclusion ( an epigram pres]v$ by ,panodoros 9 ,cram]'s ,anecd4 gr4 ,p>isi5sia1 #ahci-da1 ,,ii1 p4 #aee1 #ag f42 cf4 ,inscr4 ,graecae metricae1 ed4 ,preg]1 #ahia1 no4 #acc4 ,x may h be5 9 ,olympia4 #bcff ,on 8 use ( old] li/s ( victors & especially ( ! ,elean regi/]1 see ,p4 ,hirt1 de ,fontibus ,pausaniae 9 ,eliacis 7,greifswald1 #ahgh71 pp4 #ab f42 ,mie1 ,quae/iones agoni/icae 7,ro/ock1 #ahhh71 pp4 #ag f42 ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 pp4 #gb f4 & #ajc f42 ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 p4 #dbf1 note #dc2 ,rob]t1 ,h]mes1 ,,xxiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #ddd f42 ,hirs*feld1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 pp4 #aje & #aaa2 ,j4 ,jue?n]1 ,philo/ratos ueb] ,gymna/ik1 pp4 #fj-gd 7,elean regi/]71 & #aji f42 ,g>d9]1 p4 #ej4 ,pausanias frequ5tly m5tions su* s\rces himself1 especially ! ,elean regi/]3 e4 g41 ,,iii1 #ba4a2 ,v1 #b4ai2 ,,vi1 #b4c4 ,hirs*feld 7l4 c41 pp4 #aje & #aac7 & o!rs h unreasonably d\bt$ :e!r ,pausanias ev] visit$ ,olympia at all4 #bcfg ,hyde1 #adf2 ,fo]/]1 #dgb1 #dgf2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4c f4 #bcfh ,hyde1 #aej2 ,fo]/]1 #dgd1 #dge2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ae4aj 7two /atues74 #bcfi ,hyde1 #aai & pp4 #di-ej2 ,fo]/]1 #eja2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4g1 & ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #ahd4 #bcgj ,hyde1 #db2 ,fo]/]1 #hjj2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4i4 #bcga ,hyde1 #dj2 ,fo]/]1 #did2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #d4e4 #bcgb ,hyde1 #aeb2 ,fo]/]1 #cia2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #af4b4 #bcgc ,hyde1 #afb2 ,fo]/]1 #eae2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4g4 #bcgd ,hyde1 #abe;a2 ,fo]/]1 #fea2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4b4 #bcge ,hyde1 #aaa;b2 ,fo]/]1 #fdh-fej2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4c4 #bcgf ,hyde1 #aaa;a2 ,fo]/]1 #fed-f1 #fei1 #ffj1 #ffb-ffd2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4c4 #bcgg ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #af4 ,see supra1 pp4 #bg & #ed4 #bcgh ,cf4 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 p4 #bce4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #a4a1 di/9ctly /ates t n all victors _h /atues1 add+ t "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ _h none4 #bcgi ,?us ! epigram on ! base ( a monum5t ( ,x5ombrotos 7#acc2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab7 /ates t x 0 a portrait ( ! victor3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agj4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 aside f ?is inscription1 no record t he 0 a victor m ?an once4 ,see supra1 pp4 #ed-e4 ,on ! basis ( ?ree or m victories1 sev]al victors %\ld h _h portrait /atues3 e4 g41 ,fo]/]1 #fj1 #hf1 #add1 #cea1 #ceh1 #die1 #fjc1 #gda1 #hae4 #bchj ,discuss$ supra1 ,*4 ,,ii1 p4 #eh4 #bcha ,= dates1 places ( f9d+1 & conte/s1 ref]5ces are con/antly made by numb] to ,ditt5b]g]1 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol42 ! numb] ( ea* victor is giv5 also f ,fo]/]'s li/s1 :i*1 ?\gh incomplete1 are ! be/ t h yet appe>$4 ,:]e ! exact dates are kn[n !y are cit$ f ,fo]/]2 o!rwise1 ! probable dat+ ( ! inscription z giv5 by ,ditt5b]g] is foll[$4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bchb ,see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adb 7,pant>es1 son ( ,m5ekrates ( ,gela72 ,fo]/]1 #adi1 ,ol4 787 #fg 7 #egb ,b4 ,c472 ,gelo won 9 ,ol4 #gc 7 #dhh ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #ahj4 #bchc ,phrikias won twice1 9 ,ols4 #fh & #fi 7 #ejh & #ejd ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #aea & #aee4 ,phanas 0 ?ree times victor on ! same day 771 9 ! 1 & z 1 9 ,ol4 #fg 7 #eab ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #add-adf4 ,= ! ascriptions1 see supra1 pp4 #afb-c4 #bchd ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #aej4 ,roehl 7,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #cee & ,add41 p4 #ahb7 wrongly ascrib$ x to ,agiadas 7#ajc71 boy box] ( ,elis1 ^: /atue 0 by ! ,aeg9etan ,s]ambos 7,p41 ,,vi1 #aj4i74 ,8 victory %\ld fall betwe5 ,ols4 #gb & #gd inclusive 7 #dib & #dhd ,b4 ,c473 ,hyde1 p4 #dd4 ,fo]/]1 #eai1 foll[+ ,roehl & ,gurlitt 7op4 cit41 pp4 #cfi & #dai71 :o plac$ ,s]ambos 9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ref]r$ ! victory ( ,agiadas to ,ol4 787 #afa 7 #acf ,b4 ,c474 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #aha1 id5tifies ! inscription ) ,epitimiadas m5tion$ 9 ! ,oxy4 ,pap4 z victor 9 9 ,ol4 #gh 7 #dfh ,b4 ,c474 ,ditt5b]g] & ,loewy 7latt] 9 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #daf7 ref] ! inscription to ! fir/ half or middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #bche ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #agj2 cf4 ,hyde1 p4 #ec4 #bchf ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #age2 ,fo]/]1 #cge4 ,fo]/]'s propos$ dat+ ( ?is victor1 ,ol4 #aaj 7 #cdj ,b4 ,c471 is wrong4 #bchg ,ibid41 no4 #ahj4 #bchh ,ibid41 no4 #aha4 #bchi ,ibid41 no4 #ahb4 #bcij ,ibid41 no4 #ahe4 #bcia ,ibid41 no4 #ahg4 #bcib ,ibid41 no4 #ahh4 #bcic ,ibid41 no4 #ahi4 #bcid ,?is ,greek build+ dates f ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,cf4 ,f4 ,adl]1 ,ol41 ,ergebn41 ,textbd41 ,,ii 7,die ,baud5kmael]71 pp4 #ic-aje 7especially #ih f471 & ,flas*1 9 ,baum41 pp4 #ajgj-a & #aajd ,m f41 bo? ( :om id5tify x ) ! work%op ( ,pheidias 7,p41 ,v1 #ae4a72 ,curtius1 ,die ,alta]e v4 ,ol41 ,abh&l4 d4 k4 ,preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 zu ,b]l91 #ahhb1 p4 #bj 7 ,gesamm4 ,abh&l41 #ahid1 ,,ii1 pp4 #eg f471 ref]s x to ! ,!ekoleon1 g5]ally id5tifi$ ) ! ea/]nmo/ ( ! two build+s fur!r nor?4 ,see ,plans ,a & ,b4 #bcie ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #aij4 #bcif ,ibid41 no4 #aib4 #bcig ,ibid41 no4 #aic4 #bcih ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #aid2 ,fo]/]1 #dhd4 #bcii ,ibid41 no4 #aie4 #bdjj ,ibid41 no4 #aif4 #bdja ,ibid41 no4 #aig2 ,fo]/]1 #hjh 7undat$74 #bdjb ,ibid41 no4 #aia2 ,fo]/]1 #hjg 7undat$74 #bdjc ,ibid41 nos4 #aih-bjd2 see ,fo]/]1 #edb-edg2 "o ( ! gr\p1 ,telema*os1 son ( ,leon1 _h ano!r /atue at ,olympia3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #djf4 #bdjd ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bje2 ,fo]/]1 #hbb 7undat$74 #bdje ,ibid41 no4 #bjf2 ,fo]/]1 #hbh 7undat$74 #bdjf ,ibid41 no4 #bjg4 #bdjg ,ibid41 no4 #bjh4 #bdjh ,ibid41 no4 #bji2 ,fo]/]1 #dhb4 #bdji ,ibid41 no4 #baj4 #bdaj ,ibid41 no4 #baa4 #bdaa ,ibid41 no4 #bab4 #bdab ,ibid41 no4 #bac2 ,fo]/]1 #fad1 #fai4 #bdac ,ibid41 nos4 #bad1 #bae4 #bdad ,ibid41 nos4 #baf1 #bag2 ,fo]/]1 #eej4 #bdae ,ibid41 no4 #bah2 ,fo]/]1 #ece 7 ,ol4 8 #aga #if ,b4 ,c474 #bdaf ,ibid41 no4 #bai2 ,fo]/]1 #eic2 he won 9 ,ol4 #aij 7 #bj ,b4 ,c474 #bdag ,ibid41 no4 #bbj2 ,fo]/]1 #fja1 :o dates ! victory 9 ,ol4 787 #aid 7 #d ,b4 ,c474 #bdah ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bba2 ,fo]/]1 #fab4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #aii 7 #ag ,a4 ,d472 8 /atue 0 set up by ,m4 ,antonios ,peisanos4 #bdai ,ibid41 no4 #bbb2 ,fo]/]1 #ehe1 #ehg4 ,he won two victories 7p]haps aft] #ag ,a4 ,d47 9 an unkn[n conte/2 ,fo]/] dates !m ,ols4 787 #ahd & #ahe 7 #dd & #dj ,b4 ,c474 #bdbj ,ibid41 no4 #bbc2 ,fo]/]1 #efh2 8 /atue 0 erect$ by 8 "m1 ,klaudia ,kleodike4 #bdba ,ibid41 no4 #bbd2 ,fo]/]1 #hbc 7undat$72 8 /atue 0 set up by 8 native /ate4 #bdbb ,ibid41 no4 #bbe2 ,fo]/]1#fcb4 ,! base conta9$ two epigrams by ,t4 ,klaudios ,!ssalos1 ( ,kos3 ,e4 ,c\gny1 ,epigramm4 ,an?4 ,pal41 ,,iii1 #ahij 7,app5dix nova71 p4 #bf1 no4 #afi4 #bdbc ,ibid41 #bbf2 ,fo]/]1 #fcd4 ,8 /atue 0 erect$ by ,l4 ,betil5os ,phloros1 ( ,elis4 #bdbd ,ibid41 no4 #bbg2 ,fo]/]1 #fff2 he won ,ol4 #bag 7 #hi ,a4 ,d474 ,8 bro!r ,diodoros set up ! /atue4 ,! victor 0 an 2 see ,a4 ,e4 ,j4 ,holw]da1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #aga f4 #bdbe ,ibid41 #bbh2 ,fo]/]1 #fga4 #bdbf ,ibid41 nos4 #bbi1 #bcj 7new] inscription72 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #abe2 ,fo]/]1 #fbd-fbe4 ,he 0 a & won 9 ,ols4 787 #bje & #bjg 7 #da & #di ,a4 ,d474 #bdbg ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #bca2 ,fo]/]1 #eie & #eig4 ,fo]/] dates 8 two ,olympic victories 9 ,ols4 787 #aia & #aib 7 #af & #ab ,b4 ,c474 ,h]mas 0 twice1 & also ga9$ victories besides at ! ,nemean & o!r games4 #bdbh ,ibid41 no4 #bcb2 ,fo]/]1 #hae-hai 7undat$74 ,he 0 twice & won besides at ! ,i/hmus1 ,nemea1 & at o!r games--eighty victories 9 all4 #bdbi ,ibid41 no4 #bcd & p4 #cdf2 he won 9 ei!r or 4 #bdcj ,ibid41 no4 #bce & pp4 #cdf-cdg4 ,^! bronze fragm5ts h be5 not$ 9 our li/ ( surviv+ fragm5ts ( victor /atues1 ,*4 ,,vii1 p4 #cbb4 #bdca ,ibid41 no4 #bcc 7"n re/or$ f no4 #ddj1 l9e #d74 ,on h] fa!r1 see ,fo]/]1 "u no4 #fcd4 #bdcb ,ibid41 #bcf2 ,fo]/]1 #fhf4 ,bo? ,gurlitt1 op4 cit41 p4 #dba1 & ,fo]/] ?9k t ?is monum5t is m5tion$ by ,p41 ,v1 #bj4h 7t ( a ,roman s5ator74 ,ditt5b]g] is aga9/ ?is view1 & ! place ( f9d+ also is aga9/ x4 ,on ! victor's full "n & t ( 8 fa!r1 see ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 #bdcc ,ibid41 no4 #bcg2 ,fo]/]1 #fib4 ,he won at ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #bbi 7 #acg ,a4 ,d471 & ! inscription names _m o!r victories else:]e4 #bdcd ,ibid41 no4 #bch2 ,fo]/]1 #fgi & #fha1 :o dates ! victories 9 ,ols4 787 #bbd & #bbe 7 #aag & #aba ,a4 ,d471 :ile ,ditt5b]g] dates !m 9 ! next c5tury4 ,he 0 twice 3 see ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 #bdce ,ibid41 no4 #bci2 ,fo]/]1 #gdf 7date end ( second or ?ird c5turies ,b4 ,c474 ,= ! epigram1 see also ,c\gny1 ,epigramm4 ,an?4 ,pal41 ,,iii 7,app5dix nova71 p4 #df1 n4 #bhd4 #bdcf ,ibid41 nos4 #bdb-bdc2 ,fo]/]1 #gda-gdd4 ,he 0 a 1 i4 e41 ?ree times 4 ,= 8 o!r victories outside ,olympia1 see ,fo]/]1 l4 c4 #bdcg ,ibid41 nos4 #bdj-bda2 ,fo]/]1 #gci4 ,asklepiades won ! 9 ,ol4 #bee 7 #bda ,a4 ,d474 #bdch ,phil9os1 son ( ,hegepolis ( ,kos 7#agc71 won #bd victories1 #e at ,olympia1 #d at ,delphi1 #d at ,nemea1 #aa at ! ,i/hmus1 mo/ly 9 ! 1 he 01 !re=e1 f\r times 4 ,he won 9 ,ols4 #abi & #acj 7 #bfd & #bfj ,b4 ,c473 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ag4b & ,fo]/]1 #dda & #ddb2 ,leonidas ( ,rhodes 7#aaa;c7 0 9 ! f\r diff]5t ,ols4 #aed-aeg 7 #afd-aeb ,b4 ,c471 w9n+ #ab races3 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4d1 & ,fo]/]1 #die-dig1 #dih-ejj1 #ejb-ejd1 #ejg-eji4 #bdci ,omitt+ ! votive bronze diskos ( ! victor ,p4 ,asklepiades ( ,cor9? m5tion$ above4 #bddj ,fo]/]1 pp4 #bf-cj1 records ! names ( #fcd ,olympic victors :o are kn[n to u f all available s\rces4 #bdda ,sepul*ral monum5ts are ei!r entirely exclud$ or m5tion$ only incid5tally4 ,! tombs ( n9e ,olympic victors are kn[n f v>i\s s\rces4 #bddb ,! dat+ ( victories 9 ! pres5t section w necessitate c]ta9 repetitions ( dates already giv5 else:]e 9 ?is "w4 ,:ile h]et(ore dates h be5 ref]r$ usually to ! compilations ( ,fo]/] & ,hyde1 ! orig9al au?orities = !m w be cit$ 9 ?is section4 #bddc ,*ionis1 7 ,*>mis 9 ,afr471 accord+ to ,p41 ,,iii1 #ad4c1 won sev5 victories at ,olympia3 f\r 9 ! 1 9 ,ols4 #bh to #ca 7 #ffh to #fef ,b4 ,c472 #a-d ,afr42 #a ,p41 ,,iv1 #bc4d2 #b ,,iv1 #bc4aj2 #c ,,viii1 #ci4c2 ?ree 9 ! 1 probably 9 ,ols4 787 #bi-ca3 see ,rutg]s1 p4 #aa1 n4 #d1 & pp4 #aj-aa2 ,hyde1 #aaa & p4 #dh2 ,fo]/]1 #ci1 #da-df4 #bddd ,kylon won ! 9 ,ol4 #ce 7 #fdj ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 cf4 ,rutg]s p4 #ac2 ,fo]/]1 #ee4 #bdde ,hdt41 ,v1 #ga2 ,?ukyd41 ,i1 #abf2 ,plut41 ,solon1 #ab4 #bddf ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 p4 #bg & n4 #a4 ,kuhn]t1 ,jahrb4 f4 classis*e ,philol41 ,supplbd41 ,,xiv1 #ahhe1 pp4 #bgh f41 & n4 #b1 agrees ) ,furtwa5gl]1 & ?9ks t x 0 set up long aft] ! dea? ( ,kylon1 & t x is possible t ! "n ( ! conspirator became mix$ ) t ( an ,a!nian victor ( ! same "n1 b ( lat] date4 #bddg ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxiv1 #ahff1 pp4 #ahc f42 he is foll[$ by ,fraz]1 ,,ii1 p4 #cdh4 #bddh ,?ukyd41 ,i1 #acd4 #bddi ,loes*ke1 ,a4 ,m41 ,,iv1 #ahgi1 p4 #bie1 n4 #a4 #bdej ,see also ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 #a1 pp4 #bii-cjj4 #bdea ,8 six victories 9 are m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,iii1 #ac4i2 he won 9 ,ol4 #cg 7 #fcb ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,v1 #h4i2 ,afr42 9 ,ols4 #ci-dc 7 #fbd-fjh ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 #fj1 #fd1 #ff1 #fh1 #ga1 #gc4 ,he is m5tion$ by ,ph41 ,i4 #bdeb ,see ,wide1 ,lakonis*e ,kulte1 #ahic1 pp4 #ch f42 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 #b1 pp4 #gib-c4 #bdec ,pausanias1 ,,iii1 #ac4i1 m5tions 8 five victories 9 4 ,he mu/ h won aft] 8 fa!r's victories1 & s at ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #aji f41 conjectures t ! fir/ victory 0 2 ,fo]/]1 #hf-ij4 #bded ,arrha*ion 7on v>i\s spell+s ( ! "n1 cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #ai7 won ?rice 9 ! 9 ,ols4 #eb-ed 7 #egb-efd ,b4 ,c474 ,! ?ird victory is record$ by ,afr4 & ,p41 ,,viii1 #dj4a2 ! fir/ two by ,p41 l4 c4 ,cf4 also ,ph41 #ba4 ,fo]/]1 #ih1 #aja1 #ajc4 ,see supra1 pp4 #cbf f4 #bdee ,he _h ! nickname ,koalemos3 ,plut41 ,cimon1 #d4 ,he won two victories 9 ,ols4 #fb & #fd 7 #ecb & #ebd ,b4 ,c472 8 horses1 "u ! "n ( ,peisi/ratos1 won 9 ! same ev5t 9 ,ol4 #fc 7 #ebh ,b4 ,c473 ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ajc2 !y 7 buri$ 9 front ( ! city beyond ! s-call$ 8,holl[ ,way10 opposite ! tomb ( ,kimon2 ,hdt41 l4 c42 ,plut>*1 ,cato ,major1 #e4 ,cf4 ,aelian1 de ,animal41 ,,xii1 #dj1 :]e he says t ! m>es ( ,miltiades--mean+ ,kimon--7 buri$ 9 ! ,k]ameikos4 ,see ,fo]/]1 #abd1 #abh & #acb4 #bdef ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,ix1 #cb4 #bdeg ,hdt41 ,,vi1 #ajc4 #bdeh ,,iv1 #cc4 #bdei ,on ,nubes1 #fd4 #bdfj ,fo]/]1 #he4 #bdfa ,he won 9 an unkn[n conte/4 ,he accompani$ ,dorieus1 ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,kleom5es ,i ( ,sp>ta1 on 8 futile exp$ition to ,sicily1 & di$ !re3 ,hdt41 ,v1 #dg4 ,kleom5es began to reign 9 #eai ,b4 ,c41 & ! ,sicilian exp$ition occurr$ ab\t #eaj ,b4 ,c42 ,fo]/]1 #ach1 !re=e dates ! victory ( ,philippos ab\t ,ol4 #fe 7 #ebj ,b4 ,c474 #bdfb ,hdt41 ,v1 #dg2 ,eu/a?41 on ,iliad1 ,bk4 ,,iii 7p4 #chc1 #dc74 #bdfc ,a/ylos 7on v>iations ( ! "n1 see ,rutg]s1 pp4 #cb f47 won victories 9 & 9 ?ree successive ,ols43 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ac4a3 9 ,ols4 #gc-ge 7 #dhh-dhj ,b4 ,c473 #a ,afr41 & ,dionys4 ,hal41 ,,viii1 #a2 #b ,afr41 & ,dionys41 ,,viii1 #gg2 #c ,afr41 ,dionys41 ,,ix1 #a1 & ,diod4 ,sic41 ,,xi1 #a4 ,s ! victories 9 1 #a1 #b1 #c1 mu/ h be5 9 ! same ,ols4 ,! ,oxy4 ,pap4 also names ,a/ylos a victor twice z 1 9 ,ols4 #ge & #gf 7 #dhj & #dgf ,b4 ,c474 ,s ,gr5fell & ,hunt ?\ght t ,p4 _h mix$ ! victories 9 & z 2 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #afc f41 h[ev]1 supports ,p41 & ?9ks t ,a/ylos won eight victories1 ! victories 9 & all prec$+ ,ol4 #gf1 z o!r names appe> "h 9 ! ,oxy4 ,pap4 ,a/ylos1 !re=e1 won ?ree victories 9 ,ol4 #ge1 "o 9 ,ol4 #gf1 & ! o!r f\r 9 ,ols4 #gc-gd4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #cb1 #cd-ce2 ,fo]/]1 #agf-agg1 #aha-ahb1 #ahg-ahh2 ,hyde1 #aaj4 #bdfd ,rutg]s1 p4 #cd1 n4 #a 7cf4 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #afd7 has %[n t ! tyrant nam$ ,hi]o by ,pausanias %\ld be ,gelo2 cf4 ,h]tzb]g1 ,ges*4 v4 ,hellas u4 ,rom1 ,i1 #ahgi1 p4 #aha2 ,fo]/]1 #aha-b4 #bdfe ,i1 pp4 #dji-daj2 ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #ei1 calls ! /atue ( ,a/ylos t ( a /adiodromos4 #bdff ,eu?ymos won ?ree times 9 ,ols4 #gd1 #gf1 & #gg 7 #dhd1 #dgf1 & #dgb ,b4 ,c473 #a ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4e2 #b & #c ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4f & ,oxy4 ,pap4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #cd1 #ch1 #da2 ,fo]/]1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bjg2 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #afg1 #ahd f42 ,hyde1 #ef4 #bdfg ,inscrib$ base f\nd3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #add2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #bc2 ,i4 ,g4 ,a41 #ahhb1 #chh4 #bdfh ,see ,kallima*os1 apud ,pl941 ,h4 ,n41 ,,vii1 #aeb4 #bdfi ,/rabo1 ,,vi1 #a4e 7 ,c4 #bee72 ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,,viii1 #ah2 ,suidas1 s4 v4 2 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4 #g-aa4 ,cf4 also ,e4 ,curtius on ! ,olympia base1 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxvi1 #ahgh1 p4 #hc1 no4 #abg4 ,on ! leg5d ( ! /atue1 see ,eusebios1 ,praep4 evang41 ,v1 #cd4g4 #bdgj ,!ag5es won 9 ,ol4 #ge 7 #dhj ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #f4e2 ,oxy4,pap42 & 9 ,ol4 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4d2 ,oxy4 ,pap42 he 0 twice & won _m victories else:]e1 c>ry+ (f #adjj cr[ns1 accord+ to ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4e1 & #abjj1 accord+ to ,plut41 ,praec4 reipub4 g]41 #ae1 p4 #haa ,d4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #cf1 #ch2 ,fo]/]1 #aia1 #aif2 ,hyde1 #ajd4 ,dio ,*rys41 ,orat41 ,,xxxi1 p4 #cci ,m1 wrongly m5tions ?ree ,olympic victories4 #bdga ,op4 cit41 p4 #cdj ,m4 #bdgb ,praep4 evang41 ,v1 #cd4g4 #bdgc ,deor4 ,conc41 #ab2 cf4 ,p41 ,,vi1 #aa4i4 #bdgd ,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #aijj1 p4 #ccb1 n4 #b4 #bdge ,ladas won 9 ,ol4 787 #gf 7 #dgf ,b4 ,c473 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #afe1 because ( an old] dat+ = ,myron1 #dhj-ddd ,b4 ,c41 necessitat$ by ! ,oxy4 ,pap4 7see also ibid41 p4 #ahd74 ,fo]/]1 #bdi1 has giv5 ,ol4 787 #he 7 #ddj ,b4 ,c47 z ! date ( ! victory1 on ! basis ( ! e>li] dat+ ( ,myron1 #dfj-dbj ,b4 ,c42 cf41 e4 g41 ,brunn1 #a1 p4 #adb2 ,b]gk1 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #dgc1 no #abe & note1 & ,rutg]s p4 #ajg4 #bdgf ,a4 ,pl41 nos4 #ec1 #ed2 see supra1 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #aif-aig4 #bdgg ,fo]/] assum$ t ! /atue by ,myron /ood 9 ,olympia4 ,aga9/ ?is view1 see ,furtwa5gl] 7,mw41 p4 #cgi1 n4 #e71 ,kalkmann 7,jb41 ,x1 #ahie1 p4 #ef1 & ,,xi1 #ahif1 p4 #aig71 ,/udniczka 7article cit$ 9 note on ,!ag5es prec$+71 ,brunn 7,sitzb4 ,mu54 ,akad41 #ahhj1 pp4 #dgd f474 ,b5ndorf 7de an?ol4 ,gr4 ,epigram41 #ahfb1 #ae1 n4 #a7 ?\ght x m probable t ! /atue /ood =m]ly at ,olympia1 b 9 ! "t ( ,pausanias 0 9 ,rome4 ,?us x is be/ to assume two /atues1 ! "o 9 ,argos n by ,myron4 ,brunn 7p4 #dge7 %[$ t ,ladas 0 a ,sp>tan because ( ,p41 ,,iii1 #ba4 ,i & ,,viii1 #ab4e2 ,b5ndorf 7op4 cit41 p4 #ac7 ?\ght t he 0 an ,argive4 ,kuhn]t 7,jahrbue*] f4 cl4 ,philol41 ,supplbd41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bfi n4 #ac7 argu$ t ! ,argive /atue 0 set up by ! ,argive /ate1 an improbable assumption if ,ladas 7 a ,sp>tan4 ,a diff]5t ,ladas is ! /ade runn] f ,aigion1 m5tion$ by ,p41 ,,iii1 #ba4a1 & ,x1 #bc4ad4 #bdgh ,kallias won 9 ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c473 ,p4 ,v1 #i4c4 ,he 0 3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #dai4 ,cf4 ,fo]/]1 #bjh2 ,hyde1 #ej4 ,?ree o!r ,a!nian victors at ,olympia nam$ ,kallias are kn[n3 ,kallias1 son ( ,phe9ippos1 won 9 ,ol4 #ed 7 #efd ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #ajd2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #ba2 ,kallias1 son ( ,hipponikos1 gr&son ( prec$+1 won ?rice 9 ,ol4 787 #gd1 & ,ols4 #hc1 #hd 7 #dhd1 #ddh1 #ddd ,b4 ,c473 ,fo]/]1 #ahf a1 #bdb1 #bdg2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #adb2 ,kallias1 m5tion$ by ,polyb41 ,,xxviii1 #af1 won 9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c43 cf4 ,fo]/]1 "u no4 #bjh4 #bdgi ,inscrib$ base f\nd3 ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #adf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #da4 #bdhj ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #dai4 ,! pa9t] ,mikon1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxv1 #ei1 is also nam$ by him z a sculptor ( a?lete /atues3 op4 cit41 ,,xxxiv1 #hh2 he is also kn[n f an inscription f\nd on ! ,akropolis at ,a!ns3 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #dah2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #db4 #bdha ,diagoras won 9 ,ol4 #gi 7 #dfd ,b4 ,c473 s*ol4 on ,p9d>1 ,ol41 ,,vii1 ,argum41 ,boeckh1 p4 #aeg1 & ,oxy4 ,pap4 ,he 0 1 & 8 o!r victories are m5tion$ by ,p9d> & ! s*olia/ on ! ode cit$4 ,on ,diagoras1 see ,h4 van ,geld]1 ,ges*i*te d] alt5 ,rhodi]1 #aijj1 p4 #dce2 on ,kallikles1 see ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #aid f4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #dc2 ,fo]/]1 #bbj2 ,hyde1 #ei4 #bdhb ,boeckh1 p4 #aeg & cf4 p4 #aei2 ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iv1 p4 #daj 7 ,gorgon1 fragm4 #c74 #bdhc ,agias 0 4 ,! date ( 8 victory 9 ! at ,olympia c n be det]m9$ exactly4 ,al?\gh ! d$ication ( ,dao*os occurr$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! "t ( ,lysippos 7,preun] betwe5 #cci & #cca ,b4 ,c43 see ,e9 delphis*es ,weihges*5k1 #aijj1 p4 #ab2 ,homolle dates x m closely betwe5 #cch & #ccd ,b4 ,c42 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xxiii1 #ahii1 #ddj71 ! victory ( ,agias fell ov] a c5tury e>li]4 ,homolle propos$ #dbh ,b4 ,c4 z ! floruit ( ,agias1 b gave no date = 8 victory at ,olympia2 ,preun] 7p4 #ag7 sets ! victory be=e ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,k4 ,k4 ,smi? 7,class4 ,phil41 #aiaj1 pp4 #afi-agd7 has propos$ ,ol4 #hj 7 #dfj ,b4 ,c471 ! only lacuna = 9 ! ,oxy4 ,pap42 h[ev]1 ,rob]t 7,o4 ,s41 p4 #ahc7 has plac$ ,timodemos ( ,a*>nai 9 t place4 ,fo]/]1 #bad1 dates ,timodemos ,ol4 787 #gh 7 #dfh ,b4 ,c474 #bdhd ,ph>salos1 p4 #bh4 ,see supra1 pp4 #bhf-bhg4 #bdhe ,*eimon won 9 ,ol4 #hc 7 #ddh ,b4 ,c473 ,oxy4 ,pap42 cf4 ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 pp4 #aga & #aia2 ,hyde1 no4 #hh4 ,fo]/]1 #bhe1 _h propos$ ,ol4 787 #id 7 #djd ,b4 ,c471 on ! basis ( ! old] dat+ ( ,naukydes #dbc-cij ,b4 ,c4 7see ,rob]t1 ,ar*4 ,ma]*51 #ahhf1 p4 #ajg74 ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 #ahhf1 p4 #aib1 n4 #a1 ?\ght t ! /atue at ,olympia & ! "o at ,rome 7 id5tical2 ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 #ahij1 pp4 #cgd & #dbc1 n4 #ch a1 has %[n t ! assumption is unf\nd$4 #bdhf ,! temple ( ,peace 0 built by ,vespasian 7betwe5 ,a4 ,d4 #gj & #ge7 ea/ ( ! ,=um ,augu/i4 ,pl9y 7,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #hd1 & ,,xxxv1 #ajb7 m5tions works ( art 9 x2 ,josephus 7de ,bell4 ,judaico1 ,,vii1 #e4g7 also describes x4 #bdhg ,leon1 accord+ to ,eu/a?ius1 on ,iliad1 ,,ii1 #hea 7 p4 #cfa1 #aj71 won 9 ,ol4 #he 7 #ddj ,b4 ,c474 ,?is date is foll[$ by ,s*ub>t1 ,pausanias und se9e ,anklaeg]1 ,jb4 f4 cl4 ,philol41 ,,xxx1 #ahhd1 p4 #ii1 & ,preg]1 ,inscript4 ,gr4 metricae ex scriptoribus praet] an?ologiam collectae1 7,lipsiae1 #ahia71 on no4 #abh4 ,he won 9 ,ol4 #hi 7 #dbd ,b4 ,c471 accord+ to ,polemon 7fragm4 #bb71 ! date foll[$ by ,fo]/]1 #bfd & #bfd ,n4 ,fo]/] places ,arkesilaos ( ,sp>ta 7 #bej7 z victor 9 ,ol4 787 #he2 ,hyde 7#ac7 places ,arkesilaos ei!r 9 ,ol4 #hf or ,ol4 #hg1 leav+ ,ol4 #he free = ,leon4 ,polemon 7fragm4 #bb7 calls ,leon ! 8fa!r ( ,antikleidas02 ,preg]1 op4 cit41 p4 #di1 proposes ! 8son ( ,antikleidas10 ?us hav+ ,leon w9 ) 8 fa!r's *>iot4 ,b]gk1 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #dj1 note1 *ang$ ! "n to ,antalkidas4 #bdhh ,fragm41 #bb 7 s*ol4 on ,euripides1 ,hippolytus1 #bcj72 see ,f4 ,h4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #abb2 cf4 ,p4 l4 ,g41 l4 c4 #bdhi ,eubotas 7on ! "n1 cf4 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,ii1 #b1 pp4 #egc-egd7 won 9 ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c473 ,afr42 ,x541 ,hell41 ,i1 #b4aj2 ,diodoros1 ,,xiii1 #fh4a2 & 9 ,ol4 #ajd 7 #cjd ,b4 ,c473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #h4c & cf4 ,,vi1 #d4b2 ,fo]/]1 #bgg1 #cej2 ,hyde1 #ge4 ,pausanias 7,,vi1 #h4c7 says t 8 ,olympia /atue 0 made be=e 8 victory4 ,ol4 #ajd 0 a non-,olympiad2 see on no4 #bh infra 7,x5odamos71 p4 #cfi & notes4 #bdij ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/41 ,x1 #b4 #bdia ,proma*os won 9 ,ol4 #id 7 #djd ,b4 ,c473 see ,rutg]s1 p4 #ef1 n4 #d1 :o gives ?is date on ! basis ( ,p41 ,,vii1 #bg4f1 & ,ph41 #bb4 ,cf4 ,fo]/]1 #bhf2 ,hyde1 #ha4 #bdib ,he won 9 an unkn[n conte/1 ei!r 9 ! fif? or ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c43 ,preg]1 op4 cit41 no4 #add1 on ! basis ( ! epigram4 ,cf4 ,fo]/]1 #bic;a2 ,fo]/]1 9 ano!r place1 "u no4 #aei1 wrongly ref]s ?is same epigram 7:i* he !re ascribes to ,simonides7 to ano!r unkn[n victor ( ,argos :o won 9 "s gymnic conte/1 "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 #fe & #gf 7 #ebg & #dgf ,b4 ,c471 ! dates ( ,simonides' soj\rn 9 ,greece 7cf4 ,k4 ,sittl1 ,ges*4 d4 grie*4 ,litt41 #ahhd-ahhg1 ,,iii1 pp4 #ei f474 ,x c1 h[ev]1 ref] to b "o victor4 #bdic ,i1 #g1 p4 #acfe;a & ,i1 #i1 p4 #acfg;b4 #bdid ,ap4 ,eu/a?41 on ,od41 ,,xiv1 #cej 7 p4 #agfa1 #be74 #bdie ,see ,g4 ,kaibel1 ,quae/iones ,simonideae1 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xxviii1 #ahgc1 pp4 #deb-c4 ,cf4 ,p4 l4 ,g41 ,,iii1 p4 #ejc2 fragm4 #afc 7,simonides74 #bdif ,kyniska won twice 9 ,ols4 787 #if & #ig 7 #cif & #cib ,b4 ,c473 see ,hyde1 #g1 on ! basis ( ,rob]t1 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #aie2 ,fo]/]1 #cbf & #ccc1 propos$ ,ols4 787 #ajj & #aja 7 #chj & #cgf ,b4 ,c47 on ! basis ( ! inscription f\nd at ,olympia 7,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #afj2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #ii & p4 ,,xxi74 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #adc-add4 #bdig ,%e won "s "t ne> ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c42 ,fo]/]1 #cdd1 dates ! victory ,ol4 787 #ajc 7 #cfh ,b4 ,c474 #bdih ,curtius1 ,peloponnesos1 ,,ii1 #aheb1 p4 #cac1 n4 #bi2 = ,k+ ,pausanias1 see ,?ukyd41 ,i1 #acd4 #bdii ,ar*ias won z 9 ?ree successive ,olympiads3 ,pollux1 ,,iv1 #ib2 ! epigram says 7 74 ,fo]/]1 #cea1 #cef1 #cfa2 he proposes 7see "u no4 #cea7 ,ols4 787 #ajd-ajf 7 #cfd-cef ,b4 ,c474 #bejj ,a4 ,pl41 #cgb2 also 9 ,pollux1 ,,iv1 #ib4 #beja ,philokrates won ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 7see ,koehl] on ! inscription cit$ 9 ! foll[+ note74 ,fo]/]1 #cfe1 proposes ,ol4 787 #ajg 7 #ceb ,b4 ,c47 #bejb ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #acjc2 see ,l4 ,ross1 ,die ,dem5 von ,attika1 #ahdf1 pp4 #hj & #aaa4 #bejc ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #acai2 ,le ,bas1 ,voyage ar*ologique1 ,i1 ,attique1 no4 #eie4 ,! inscription appe>s to belong to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #bejd ,phory/as won z "s "t t[>d ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 i4 e41 9 ! "t ( ! arti/ ,kaphisias3 see ,loewy1 on ! inscription cit$ 9 ! foll[+ note4 ,fo]/]1 #dje1 proposes ,ol4 787 #aag 7 #cab ,b4 ,c474 #beje ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #aehb2 ,kaibel1 ,epigr4 ,gr4 ex lapid4 conlecta1 #ahgh1 no4 #ich2 ,loewy1 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #aai2 ,collitz & ,be*tel1 ,samml4 d4 gr4 ,dialekt-,ins*r41 #ahhc-ij1 no4 #ide4 #bejf ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #abj4 ,see ,fo]/]1 "u no4 #dje4 #bejg ,ari/ophon won "s "t betwe5 ,ols4 787 #aae & #acj 7 #cbj & #bfj ,b4 ,c471 z we inf] f ! date ( ! inscription f ! base ( 8 /atue at ,olympia3 see ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 no4 #afi4 ,cf4 ,hyde1 #abc & p4 #ea4 ,fo]/]1 #geh 7foll[+ ,rutg]s1 p4 #abb7 _h left ! victory undat$4 #bejh ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,ii1 #c1 #adge4 ,see ,ross1 ,die ,dem5 von ,attika1 no4 #gj2 ,le ,bas1 ,attique1 no4 #aae4 #beji ,/rabo1 ,,xii1 #d4b 7 ,c4 #fbd74 #beaj ,attalos won "s "t dur+ ! reign ( 8 old] bro!r ,philetairos1 f\nd] ( ! ,attalid dyna/y1 i4 e41 betwe5 ,ols4 #abd & #abi 7 #bhd & #bfd ,b4 ,c473 see ,fo]/]1 #dcf4 ,an epigram ( ! philosoph] ,arkesilaos ( ,pitane 7m5tion$ by ,fo]/]71 celebrat+ ! *>iot-race ( ?is ,attalos1 is pres]v$ by ,diog4 ,la]t41 ,,iv1 #f4cj2 cf4 ,fra5kel on ! inscription1 no4 #aj 7see next note74 #beaa ,ins*r v4 ,p]gamon 7ed4 ,fra5kel71 #ahij1 ,i1 nos4 #aj-ab2 cf4 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 no4 #aeg4 #beab ,he won 9 ,ol4 #baa 7 #fg ,a4 ,d473 ,p41 ,x1 #cf4i4 #beac ,a4 ,z41 ,,xl1 #ahhb1 p4 #aaj4 #bead ,p41 ,,vi1 #bb4b4 #beae ,ibid4 #beaf ,p41 ,,vi1 #bb4c2 #d4b2 cf4 #h4c 7:]e ,eubotas won 1 no4 #ag supra74 #beag ,v1 pp4 #ded-dee2 cf4 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,,iii1 #b1 p4 #hbi4 #beah ,vit4 ,apoll4 ,tyan41 ,v1 #g4 #beai ,suetonius1 ,n]o1 #bd2 ,dio ,cassius1 ,,lxiii1 #ad4 ,fo]/]1 #fdb-fdg4 #bebj ,cf4 also ,s*ub>t1 ,pausanias u4 se9e ,anklaeg]1 ,jb4 f4 cl4 ,philologie1 ,,xxix1 #ahhc1 pp4 #dgb f42 ,brunn1 ibid41 ,,xxx1 #ahhd1 p4 #bd2 & ,fo]/]1 #fda & "u no4 #fch4 #beba ,t4 ,phlabios ,artemidoros won twice4 ,he 0 also 4 ,! ,magna ,capitolia1 9 :i* he 0 also victor1 7 in/itut$ by ,domitian 9 #hf ,a4 ,d42 ,fo]/]1 #feg1 #ffa1 proposes ,ols4 787 #bae & #baf 7 #ha & #he ,a4 ,d47 = ! two victories4 #bebb ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #ehjf2 ,kaibel1 ,inscript4 ,gr4 ,sicil4 et ,ital41 #ahij1 no4 #gdf4 #bebc ,t4 ,phlabios ,metrobios won 1 fir/ ( 8 c\ntrym51 9 ,ol4 #bag 7 #hi ,a4 ,d473 cf4 ,boeckh on ! inscription 7see next note7 & ,rutg]s1 p4 #ia1 n4 #b2 ,fo]/]1 #ffe4 ,he 0 also & won at ! ,capitolia 9 ,rome1 z 8fir/ ( all m540 #bebd ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bfhb4 #bebe ,s>apion won 9 ,ol4 #bag 7 #hi ,a4 ,d473 ,p41 ,,vi1 #bc4f4 ,cf4 ,fo]/]1 #ffg2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #ia1 n4 #c1 :o d\bts :e!r ,s>apion 0 an ,olympic victor1 ?\gh ,pausanias says t he 04 #bebf ,i4 e41 ,s>apion1 f ,alex&ria1 :o won 9 ,ol4 #bjd 7 #cg ,a4 ,d473 ,afr42 ,fo]/]1 #fbj2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #hf2 ano!r ,s>apion1 f ,alex&ria1 :o1 ,pausanias 7,v4 #ba4ah7 says1 came to ,olympia 9 ,ol4 #bja 7 #be ,a4 ,d47 to ent] ! 1 b ran away ! day be=e ! conte/ & 0 f9$ = c[>dice2 ,s>apion ( ,magnesia ad ,sipylum1 victor 9 an unkn[n conte/ & at an unkn[n date1 kn[n f an inscription f ,tralles3 ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bicc2 ,fo]/]1 #hbd2 ,rutg]s1 p4 #aef4 #bebg ,m4 ,aurelios ,demetrios won "s "t be=e 8 son's victory 9 ! same conte/ 9 ,ol4 #bdj 7 #aha ,a4 ,d471 z we le>n f ! inscription m5tion$ 9 ! next note2 cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #if2 ,fo]/]1 #gai4 ,fo]/]1 #fhb1 !re=e proposes ,ol4 787 #bbe 7 #aba ,a4 ,d47 = ! fa!r's victory2 cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #abb4 ,bo? fa!r & son 7 4 ,! fa!r 0 call$ 4 #bebh ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #eiab1 #eiac1 & #eiad2 ,kaibel1 ,inscript4 ,gr4 ,sicil4 et ,ital41 #aajb-aajd4 #bebi ,?is victor won 1 fir/ ( 8 c\ntrym51 9 ,ol4 #bbi 7 #acg ,a4 ,d472 date f ! inscription 7see next note72 ,fo]/]1 #fia4 #becj ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 #ahhg1 pp4 #hj f4 7,p4 ,f\c>t74 #beca ,kranaos won 9 ,ol4 #bca 7 #ade ,a4 ,d473 ,afr42 & twice1 once1 & z once1 accord+ to ,pausanias 7,,ii1 #aa4h71 b 9 unkn[n ,olympiads3 ,fo]/]1 #fig1 #gjb-gjc1 #gjg-gjh4 ,he dates ! f\r la/ victories 9 ,ols4 787 #bcb & #bcc 7 #adi & #aec ,a4 ,d474 ,mo/ writ]s h id5tifi$ ! ,granianos ( ,pausanias ) ,kranaos ( ,africanus1 z bo? are f ,sikyon2 cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #id & n4 #a4 ,kalkmann1 ,pausanias d] ,p]ieget1 p4 #gd1 note #f1 h[ev]1 is d\btful ( ! id5tification4 #becb ,t4 ,ailios ,aurelios ,apollonios won z dur+ ! reign ( ,anton9us ,pius 7 #ach-afa ,a4 ,d473 cf4 ,ditt5b]g] on ! inscription 7see next note74 ,fo]/]1 #gjj1 proposes ,ol4 787 #bca 7 #ade ,a4 ,d474 ,he 0 4 #becc ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #abj 7,ditt5b]g]74 #becd ,mnasib\los won 9 ,ol4 #bce 7 #afa ,a4 ,d473 ,afr41 & ,p41 ,x1 #cd4e2 & z 9 ,ol4 #bce3 ,p41 ibid4 ,he 0 9 bo? ev5ts3 ,fo]/]1 nos4 #gab-gac4 ,8 son ( ! same "n _h a /atue 9 ! temple ( ,a!na ,kranaia at ,elateia1 ^: m>ble inscrib$ plate has be5 recov]$3 see ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,,xi1 #ahhg1 p4 #cdb1 no4 #ac 7,p4 ,p>is74 #bece ,aurelios ,toalios won 787 twice 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] ,sev]us 7 #bbb-bce ,a4 ,d473 see ,holleaux & ,p>is on ! inscription 7see next note74 ,fo]/]1 #gce-gcf1 proposes ,ols4 787 #bea & #beb 7 #bbe & #bbi ,a4 ,d474 #becf ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 ,x1 #ahhf1 pp4 #bcc f41 no4 #ac4 #becg ,aurelios ,metrodorus won ab\t ! "t ( ,alex&] ,sev]us 7see ,boeckh1 on ! inscription m5tion$ 9 ! next note74 ,fo]/]1 #gcg1 proposes ,ol4 787 #bec 7 #bcc ,a4 ,d474 #bech ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #cfgf4 #beci ,val]ios ,eklektos won z f\r times 9 ,ols4 #bef1 #beh1 #bei1 & #bfj 7 #bde1 #bec1 #beg1 & #bfa ,a4 ,d473 see inscription m5tion$ 9 ! next note2 ,fo]/]1 #gda-gdd4 ,he 0 ?rice 7 71 & won #hj cr[ns 9 v>i\s games4 #bedj ,ins*r4 v4 ,ol41 #bdb-bdc2 ,a4 ,z41 ,,xxxviii1 #ahhj1 pp4 #afd f41 no4 #cfi4 #beda ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,,iii1 #abi 7,ditt5b]g]74 #bedb ,klaudios ,rh\phos won 787 or 787 or 787 ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ,a4 ,d4 7see ,kaibel & ! inscription m5tion$ 9 ! next note72 ,fo]/]1 #gdh-gdi1 & ,rutg]s1 p4 #aed4 ,he 0 twice 4 #bedc ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,iii1 #eiaj2 ,kaibel1 ,inscript4 ,gr4 ,sicil4 et ,ital41 no4 #aajg1 p4 #bii4 #bedd ,phil\m5os won 787 1 accord+ to ,rutg]s1 p4 #ih1 n4 #c1 ei!r 9 ,ol4 #bhh 7 #cgc ,a4 ,d47 or c]te non multo prius 7on ! basis ( ! passage 9 ,panodoros cit$ 9 ! foll[+ note74 ,he is also m5tion$ 9 a ,roman inscription giv5 by ,rutg]s1 ibid4 ,fo]/]1 #gej4 #bede ,ap4 ,cram]1 ,anecd4 gr4 ,p>isi5sia1 #ahci-da1 ,,ii1 p4 #aee1 #ag 7quot$ by ,fo]/]72 ,preg]1 ,inscr4 ,gr4 metricae1 no4 #acc4 #bedf ,a9etos 0 victor 9 4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 p4 #aab2 ,fo]/]1 #ged1 :o wrongly gives ! conte/ z 4 #bedg ,nikokles1 accord+ to ,pausanias1 l4 c41 won five prizes 9 runn+ 9 two ,olympiads4 ,fo]/]1 "u nos4 #ghh-gib1 expla9s ^! words by arrang+ victories 9 1 1 & z 9 "o ,olympiad1 & two ( ^! conte/s 9 ! next2 none ( !m c\ld h be5 9 1 s9ce 8 "n does n appe> 9 ,africanus4 ,cf4 ,rutg]s1 pp4 #aje-ajf1 #ajg1 & #abf4 ,le ,bas long ago 7,r4 ar*41 ,,ii1 #ahde1 p4 #bbj7 connect$ a re/or$ inscription ) ?is victor4 #bedh ,aigi/ratos won 3 ,fo]/]1 #hjf4 #bedi ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,,ii1 #bebg4 #beej ,he won 9 an unkn[n conte/ & 0 ?ree times 1 ga9+ #ce cr[ns at v>i\s games4 ,cf4 ,fo]/]1 #hbe-hbg4 #beea ,c4 ,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #agae4 #beeb ,ross1 ,ar*4 ,aufsaetze1 #ahee-ahfa1 ,i1 pp4 #afc f2 ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #cgf2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #ci2 ,e4 ,s4 ,rob]ts1 ,an ,introduction to ,greek ,epigraphy1 ,i1 #ahhg1 #fh;a4 #beec ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xvi1 #ahfa1 p4 #bbd4 #beed ,h]mes1 ,,xii1 #ahgg1 p4 #cde & n4 #bi4 #beee ,e4 g41 by ,r4 ,s*oell1 ,h]mes1 ,,xiii1 #ahgh1 p4 #dcg2 cf4 ,gurlitt1 ,ueb] ,pausanias1 pp4 #aeh f41 ,loewy on ! inscription1 & ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 #a1 p4 #bfa4 #beef ,,ix1 #aje4 #beeg ,c4 ,i4 ,a41 ,i1 #djb2 ,i4 ,g4 ,b41 #df2 ,ross1 ,ar*4 ,aufsaetze1 ,i1 pp #afh f4 ,?is is possibly to be connect$ ) ! /atue ( ! ,voln]atus defici5s m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,h4 ,n41 ,,xxxiv1 #gd4 ,see supra1 p4 #aii4 ,h[ev]1 ! lett]+ is n lat] ?an #ddd ,b4 ,c41 :ile ,diitrephes is kn[n to h be5 liv+ z late z #daa3 ,?ukyd41 ,,viii1 #fd4 #beeh ,?4 ,b]gk1 ,zeits*r4 f4 d4 ,alt]tumswiss5s*41 ,,iii1 #ahde1 pp4 #ifa f42 ,wilam[itz1 ,h]mes1 ,,xii1 #ahgg1 p4 #cdf2 ,furtwa5gl]1 ,a4 ,m41 ,v1 #ahhj1 p4 #bh & n4 #b2 cf41 h[ev]1 ,gurlitt1 op4 cit41 pp4 #aei f42 ,rob]t1 ,die ,m>a?ons*la*t 9 d] ,poikile und ,weit]es ueb] ,polygnot1 #ah/es ,hallis*es ,w9ckelmannsprogr41 #ahie1 p4 #bb2 ,hitz4-,bluemn41 ,i1 ,i1 pp4 #bee f4 & #bfb f4 #beei ,,ii1 p4 #bhi2 cf4 ibid41 pp4 #bge f4 #befj ,jb41 ,,vii1 #ahib1 pp4 #ahe f4 ,cf4 ! rem>ks ( ,g]cke1 ibid41 ,,viii1 #ahic1 pp4 #aac f4 #befa ,,iii1 #ge2 ,,iv1 #aai & #abi4 #befb ,mw41 pp4 #bgh f4 #befc ,vit4 ,x ,orat41 ,,iv 7,isokrates71 #db1 7p4 #hci c47 ,x 0 9 ! ball-c\rt ( ! ,arrephoroi4 ,! same au?or1 ,,iv1 #da1 7#hci;b71 also m5tions a bronze /atue 7) inscription7 ( ,isokrates set up by ! orator's adopt$ son ,aph>eus4 ,see supra1 pp4 #bd & #bha4 ,i assume t ^! two passages ref] to "o & ! same monum5t4 #befd ,?ree victors1 ,ladas 7no4 #aa71 ,agias 7no4 #ad71 & ,s>apion 7no4 #cj71 _h two /atues ea*4 ,!ag5es 7no4 #aj7 _h sev]al1 accord+ to ,pausanias1 :o1 h[ev]1 m5tions only "o def9itely4 ,we h omitt$ f our total ! /atue set up by ,t4 ,phlabios ,artemidoros 7#bh;a7 to 8 fa!r4 #befe ,we h "h includ$ ! tablet ( ,*ionis at ,sp>ta 7no4 #a71 a victor ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ^: monum5t1 h[ev]1 0 erect$ 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 #beff ,includ+ ! two ,lysippan /atues ( ,agias1 a victor ( ! fif? c5tury1 ,b4 ,c4 #befg ,( ! #aib monum5ts ref]r$ to #ahg victors m5tion$ by ,pausanias 9 8 victor p]iegesis at ,olympia1 only #aec1 belong+ to #adh victors1 c be exactly or approximately dat$4 ,( ^!1 #cc monum5ts 7ref]r$ to #cb victors7 belong to ! epo* prior to ! approximate date ( ! f\nd+ ( ! temple ( ,zeus1 i4 e41 prior to ,ol4 #gg 7 #dgb ,b4 ,c472 #ea monum5ts 7ref]r$ to #ej victors7 f ?is date on1 to ! approximate date ( ! battle ( ,aigospotamoi 7,b4 ,c4 #djd71 i4 e41 d[n to ,ol4 #ic 7 #djh ,b4 ,c472 #cf monum5ts 7ref]r$ to #cd victors7 f !n on1 to ab\t ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 i4 e41 to ,ol4 #ajf 7 #cef ,b4 ,c472 & #cc monum5ts 7ref]r$ to #cb victors7 f t date1 to ! close ( ! description ( ! a?lete p]iegesis1 i4 e41 f ,ols4 #ajg to #adi 7 #ceb to #ahd ,b4 ,c474 ,see ,hyde1 op4 cit41 ,*4 ,,iv1 pp4 #gb sq41 & supra1 pp4 #ceb-c4 7,9 my victor li/s1 op4 cit41 pp4 #c-bd1 ,i h enum]at$ #ahh victors2 h[ev]1 ,philon ( ,k]kyra is li/$ twice1 nos4 #ia & #acf1 = two diff]5t /atues47 ,( ^! #aec monum5ts1 ne>ly "o-half 7i4 e41 #gd7 belong prop]ly to ! fif? c5tury 7,ols4 #gj to #id #ejj to #djd ,b4 ,c474 #befh ,pausanias m5tions #aib 7ref]r$ to #ahg victors1 z above72 we h f\nd 9 ! pres5t *apt] t #fc o!rs 7ref]r$ to #fa victors7 are kn[n f inscrib$ base fragm5ts f\nd at ,olympia2 & t #dg 7ref]r$ to #dd victors7 are kn[n f lit]>y s\rces z hav+ /ood else:]e4 ,if we d$uct #aj victors :o _h monum5ts bo? at ,olympia & else:]e1 we h a gr& total ( #bhb victors1 9 ^: honor ^! #cjb monum5ts ( v>i\s k9ds 7 erect$4 #befi ,see ,hyde1 pp4 v-vi1 = an alphabetic li/ ( sculptors m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 or kn[n f ! recov]$ bases ( /atues at ,olympia4 ,see supra1 p4 #cci1 n4 #a1 end4 #begj ,lysippos made two /atues honoris causa = ,py!s1 son ( ,&roma*os1 ( ,abd]a3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ad4ab2 ,hyde1 #acd;a4 ,mikon made two /atues = ,k+ ,hi]o ( ,syracuse1 "o repres5t$ on foot & ! o!r on horseback1 :i* ,i h class$ z 8honor0 /atues3 ,p41 ,,vi1 #ab4b2 ,hyde1 #aje;a4 ,all ! 8honor0 /atues at ,olympia nam$ by ,pausanias are li/$ 9 ! "w cit$1 on p4 v4 #bega ,h4 ,n41 ,bk4 ,,xxxiv1 passim4 ,"o o!r sculptor1 ,krat9os1 nam$ by ,pausanias1 is not$ by ,pl9y z a pa9t] only3 ibid41 ,,xxxv1 #adj & #adg4 ,,index4 ,ab]de5 head1 #hg4 ,academy1 fe/ival 9 honor ( ,a!nian soldi]s at !1 #aa4 ,a*ans1 games among1 #bj2 9 ,hom]1 #a1 #g2 orig9 ( sports among1 #a4 ,a*aia1 erects victor /atue at ,olympia1 #cj2 ,pausanias' acc\nt (1 #cbc4 ,a*illeae1 def9ition (1 #ib1 note #f2 /atues1 #hg1 #bbf4 ,a*illes1 ca/s solos at games ( ,patroklos1 #bah2 fights ) ,telephos1 on ,tegea p$im5t1 #cjf1 #cjg2 %ield (1 #e2 yields prize to ,agamemnon1 #h4 ,acrobats1 among ,a!nians1 #e2 9 ,crete1 #b1 #c2 9 ,hom]1 #e2 9 mod]n ,italy1 #e2 9 ,!ssaly1 #e2 at ,tiryns1 #b1 #c2 on ,vapheio cups1 #e4 ,actors1 /atues ( victori\s1 at ,olympia1 #bhe4 ,adlocutio1 ge/ure (1 #acb4 ,admetos1 box+ mat* ) ,mopsos1 on *e/ ( ,kypselos1 #bhe4 ,adonis7871 /atue (1 #gd4 ,adorantes se fem9ae1 /atues by ,apellas1 #aca4 ,adoration & pray]1 z a?letic motives1 #acj;f4 ,aegean civilization1 #a;f42 una?letic "* (1 #g4 ,aeg9a1 games on1 #bj2 date ( gable /atues f temple ( ,aphaia1 #abe2 gable /atues f temple ( ,aphaia1 #abc;f42 influ5ce ( sculptors on 8,apollo0 /atues1 #ajb2 kneel+ ,h]akles1 f ,ea/ gable1 #aie2 movem5t 9 gable /atues1 #agf2 obs]vation ( nature 91 #bdd2 runn]s1 f ,we/ gable1 #aie2 sculptors f1 #abb;f42 sculptors 9 favor at ,olympia1 #bfd2 temple ( ,aphaia on1 #abc;f4 ,aeg9etans1 at battle ( ,salamis1 #abe4 ,aelian1 on bronze horses ( ,kimon1 #cfc4 ,ae/hetic judgm5ts ( classical writ]s1 #eh4 ,africanus1 li/ ( /ade victors 91 #aia2 on omission ( #baa? ,olympiad1 #cfi4 ,agamemnon1 prize (1 #h2 ! ,agamemnon ( ,ais*ylos1 #ge4 ,agasias1 sculptor1 #bjh4 ,aga?9os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cde4 ,age1 classification ( ,greek a?letes by1 #ahi2 9 ,plato's ,republic1 #ahi4 ,ageladas2 see ,hageladas1 #aij4 ,ag5or1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cj1 #aah4 ,ages>*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abi4 ,agiadas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abc4 ,agias1 /atue at ,delphi1 #df1 #cfe1 #cff2 /atue at ,ph>salos1 #cff2 c>eless f9i% ( ,delphian /atue1 #cjd2 comp>$ ) ,apoxyom5os ( ,vatican1 #bhi2 comp>$ ) ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec2 epigram on base ( /atue1 #cbh2 z example ( assimilation1 #id2 fillet on1 #aej2 z /atue 8d\ble10 #cjd2 z /atue ( a pancratia/1 #bib2 supplants ,apoxyom5os z norm ( ,lysippos1 #bij1 #bia;f42 swoll5 e> (1 #afh2 :y consid]$ copy1 #cjc;f41 #caf4 ,agids1 tomb 9 ,sp>ta1 #cfb4 ,agilo*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ceg4 ,agon 7,conte/71 figure 9 gr\p ( ,miky?os1 #afd1 #bae4 ,agorakritos1 sculptor1 #ahb4 ,agrippa1 ,m41 removes ! ,apoxyom5os to ,rome1 #bhi4 ,aiakos1 games 9 honor (1 #bj4 ,aigion1 boy f1 *os5 z prie/ = 8 beauty1 #eg4 ,aigi/ratos1 ,olympic victor /atue at ,l9dos1 #cgb4 ,aigospotamoi1 battle (1 #ceb2 memorial at ,delphi1 #bgh4 ,aigyptos1 eque/rian monum5t at ,olympia1 #abj1 #bfg1 #bgi4 ,a9etos1 /atue at ,amyklai1 #cga4 ,ais*9es1 /atue at ,olympia1 #bi1 #bad1 #cdf4 ,ais*ylos1 on 1 #ge2 ,agamemnon (1 #ge4 ,ais*ylos1 victor relief1 9 honor ( ! ,diosk\roi1 #if1 #ig4 ,ajax1 acrobatic feat (1 #c2 combat ) ,diom$es1 #h2 on r4-f4 ,etruscan /amnos1 #acb4 ,ak>nania1 #cah4 ,aka/os1 games (1 depict$ on *e/ ( ,kypselos & on ?rone ( ,apollo at ,amyklai1 #ab4 ,ake/orides1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cde1 #ced4 ,akonti/ai2 see ,javel9-?r[]s4 ,ak\silaos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #acj1 #afe4 ,akragas1 bronze /atue d$icat$ at ,olympia by p (1 #acj2 decadra*m (1 #dh4 ,akropolis at ,a!ns1 ,aeg9etan bronze head f1 #abc2 ,argive bronze head f1 #aad1 #aae2 a?lete /atue f1 #aae1 #abg2 *>iot-race relief f1 #abh2 ephebe head1 yell[-hair$1 f1 #aaf2 excavations (1 #abf2 ,h]mes relief f1 #bgj2 ,korai f1 #aae1 #abf2 la petite b\deuse f1 #aae2 pre-,p]sian sculptures f1 #abf;f42 ,old ,temple ( ,a!na on1 #abh1 #bga4 ,akrot]ia1 w+$ figures z1 #agg4 ,aktion1 8,apollos0 f1 #ajc1 #ccd4 ,alaba/ron1 on /atue ( ,milo at ,olympia1 #ajg4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 bu/ (1 f ,alex&ria1 #caf2 co9 (1 %[+ ,h]akles1 #bec2 fun]al games 9 honor (1 #aa2 head (1 9 ,cop5hag51 f s>cophagus1 #ie2 in/itutes fun]al games = ,hephai/ion1 #aa2 portraits (1 #ef2 portraits (1 by ,lysippos1 #bij1 #caa1 #caf2 p5siv5ess 9 portraits (1 #cah2 /atue (1 by ,lysippos1 #gc4 ,alex&] ,s>cophagus1 s-call$1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #bge4 ,alex9ikos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abb4 ,alka9etos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdc1 #ceb4 ,alkam5es1 & ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo type1 #hi2 ,enkr9om5os (1 #acd2 & ,olympia gable /atues1 #aac2 & ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf4 ,alk&ridas1 ,p4 ,ailios1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cfj4 ,alketos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj1 #cdd4 ,alki1 temple ( ,apollo at1 #ccf4 ,alkibiades1 victor at ,olympia1 #beg2 s-call$ ,alkibiades ( ! 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f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #hb2 on ! ,polykleitan ,diad\m5os1 #aea2 on ,doryphoros1 #bbg2 on dy+ hoplite relief1 #bji2 on ,egyptian influ5ce on e>ly ,greek sculpture1 #ccj2 on ephebe /atue f ,akropolis1 #aae2 on ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec2 on hair te*nique ( ,greek sculptors1 #ec2 on ! ,idol9o1 #ada1 #adb2 on ! ,oil-p\r]1 #acd2 on ,tux bronze1 #bjg2 on /atues ( two wre/l]s1 f ,h]culaneum1 #bca4 ,bull-grappl+1 9 ,crete1 #b;f42 9 ,tiryns1 #b1 #c2 on ,vapheio cups1 #cee2 9 ,!ssaly1 #e2 9 ,vit]bo1 #e4 ,bull-r+1 ivory model (1 f ,knossos1 #c4 ,burgon vase1 #bfj4 ,bybon1 inscrib$ solos (1 f ,olympia1 #bb1 #bah4 ,bykelos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj4 ,byzant9e *ur*1 !1 at ,olympia1 #cdg1 #cef;f4 ,byzant9e walls1 at ,olympia1 #cde1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cei4 ,ca]e 7,c]vet]i71 ,amphi>aos vase f1 #ac & note #a2 hydrias f1 #eb4 ,c&ia1 ,museum at1 #b1 #c4 ,can9a1 discov]s ! ,apoxyom5os ( ! ,vatican1 #bhh4 ,canon1 ( ,polykleitos1 #fi4 ,canons ( proportions1 #fe;f4 ,cap1 ( box]s & pancratia/s1 #afe;f42 on a?lete head call$ ,juba ,,ii1 #aff2 on relief 9 ,rome1 #aff2 on ,muni* kylix1 #aff-afg2 on /atuette f ,autun1 #afg4 ,capua1 bronze /atuette f1 #bjg4 ,c>acalla1 ba?s (1 #beb4 ,c>icature1 ,!ban law aga9/1 #eg4 ,casa ,buon>roti1 ,flor5ce1 arm ( ,diskobolos f1 #ahf4 ,caskey1 ,l4 ,d41 on ,sp>ta head ( boy a?lete1 #cje1 #cjf1 #caj1 #cai4 ,ca/el ,porziano1 copy ( ,diskobolos f1 #ahd4 ,ca/ellani copy ( ,sp9>io1 #bjb4 ,catania1 co9s (1 %[+ ,nike1 #ahb4 ,cauldron1 z e>ly prize1 f ,cumae1 #bj4 ,cel]y1 fre%1 us$ = wrea?s at ,nemea1 #bj1 #ba2 wild1 us$ = wrea?s at ! ,i/hmus1 #ba4 ,celetizontes pu]i1 ( ,kana*os1 #abj4 ,c]vet]i2 see ,ca]e4 ,ce/us1 describ$ by ,virgil1 #bci2 metal1 inv5t$ by ,romans1 #bch1 #bci2 n m5tion$ by late ,greek writ]s1 #bci2 n us$ 9 ,greek conte/s1 #bce4 ,*abrias1 g5]al1 /atue (1 #agc4 ,*roneia1 battle (1 #cja4 ,*alkis1 #ai4 ,*ampion1 !1 ( ,ea/ gable ( temple on ,aeg9a1 #bjg2 ( ,we/ gable1 #abf4 ,*amyne2 see ,demet]4 ,*anc]y1 hold 9 pankration1 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,*aplet1 z victor attribute1 #adh4 ,*>iots1 ,a!nian type on vases1 #bfb2 on ,cretan relief1 #bfb2 w>-*>iot 9 ,crete & at ,myc51 #bfb2 on ,myc5an tomb/ones1 #bfb2 d$ication (1 #bb2 desc5dant ( ,hom]ic w>-*>iot1 #bfj2 f\r-horse1 #bfb2 f\r-horse1 on vases1 #bfc2 f\r-horse1 on m>ble relief1 #bfh1 #bfi2 m9iature models (1 at ,olympia1 #bc2 w>-*>iot f ,monteleone1 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #bfc2 two-horse1 on vases1 #bfc2 two types ( ,greek rac+-*>iot1 #bfb2 on eigh? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 vase1 #bfc2 zone (1 at ,olympia1 #cde1 #cdf1 #ceb4 ,*>iote]s1 /atues (1 #bgd;f42 close-fitt+ *iton (1 #bge2 long *iton (1 #dh1 #bfc1 #bgc1 #bgd2 nude1 #dh1 #bge1 #bgf2 /atue (1 9 ,bo/on1 #bge2 /atue (1 at ,delphi1 #dh1 #ha1 #ij1 #bgf;f42 inscription on1 #bgg2 "p ( a gr\p1 #bgg2 copies (1 #bgg2 defici5cies (1 #bgh2 ,gelo z d$icator (1 #bgh2 z ,aeg9etan1 #bgh2 z ,attic "w1 #bgh2 assign$ to ,py?agoras1 #bgh2 /atue (1 f ,esquil9e1 #bgf2 /atue ( 787 f\nd 9 ,rh9e ne> ,xant51 #bgf2 relief (1 m\nt+ *>iot1 f ,akropolis1 #abh1 #bfi4 ,*>iot-gr\ps1 at ,olympia1 #bfd;f42 rema9s (1 #bfi4 ,*>iot-race1 antiquity at ,olympia1 #bei2 common 9 ,greece1 #beg;f42 mo/ brilliant ev5t at ,olympia & else:]e1 #beg2 "o ( e>lie/ ev5ts at ,olympia1 #bei2 ) two colts 7 71 at ,olympia1 #bfj2 h>ness+ ( two horses1 on b4-f4 hydria1 #bfc2 gr\ps1 rema9s at ,olympia1 #bfi2 ) f\r colts 7 71 at ,olympia1 :5 introduc$1 #bfj2 ) f\r horses 7 or 71 :5 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bei1 #bfj2 f\r-horse 771 on ,pana!naic vase f ,sp>ta1 #bfc2 l5g? 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( race ) f\r full-gr[n horses at ,olympia1 #bfj2 ) mules 771 :5 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bfa2 at olde/ fun]al games1 9 ,arkadia1 #bei2 olde/ monum5t (1 at ,olympia1 #bfd1 #bfe2 orig9 ( 9 my?ical times1 #bei2 orig9ally ) two horses1 #bfj2 :5 /opp$ at ,olympia1 #bfa2 sport ( weal?y1 #beg2 repres5tations1 common on vases1 #bfb;f42 trott+-race ) m>es 771 #bfa1 #bhb4 ,see ,apobates1 *>iot-race4 ,*>iot victors1 d$icate *>iot-gr\ps at ,olympia1 #bfd;f42 d$icate models ( *>iots at ,olympia1 #bfe2 d$icate /atues at ,olympia1 #bfe2 act z own *>iote]s1 #bff-bfg4 ,*>mides1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdb4 ,*>ops1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,*ase1 ,g4 ,h41 on bronze tripods 9 ,loeb collection1 #aid1 note #g2 on ,monteleone *>iot1 #bfd4 ,*eilon1 ephor ( ,sp>ta1 di$ ( joy at ,olympia1 #cf4 ,*eilon1 date ( second victory (1 #cja2 fights at ,lamia1 #cja2 /atue at ,olympia1 #cb1 #aba1 #bih4 ,*eimon1 /atue at ,argos1 #cff2 at ,olympia1 #aag1 #bcd1 #cdd1 #cff4 ,*eirisophos1 sculptor1 #ccd4 ,*ewsurs1 ( ! ,caucasus1 fun]al games among1 #aa4 ,*imra tomb1 s-call$1 at ,xan?os1 #bga4 ,*9n]y ,h]mes1 head1 #aha4 ,*ionis1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cb1 #ccc1 #ceb1 #cfb2 tablet (1 at ,sp>ta1 #cfb2 record jump (1 at ,olympia1 #baf4 ,*ios1 e>ly sculpture (1 #agg2 games on1 #ahi4 ,*isel1 us$ 9 hair ( ! ,agias & ,phil&ridas1 #big4 ,*iton1 conv5tional dress ( *>iote]s1 #bge4 ,*iusi1 wall-pa9t+ f1 #bag4 ,*lamys1 on /atues ( ,meleag]1 #cac4 ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo1 /atue kn[n z1 #hi;f42 replica ( head 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ia2 replica ( head1 f ,kyr5e #ccd2 ?ongs on tree-trunk ne>by1 #afe4 ,*orus1 ( boys & girls1 9 honor ( victors1 #cd4 ,*ri/odoros1 description ( /atue ( ,h]mes by1 #hg4 ,*rysippos1 quot$ by ,gal51 #gj4 ,*ryso!mis1 sculptor1 #aje1 #aaf4 ,cic]o1 z art critic1 #fj4 ,c9c9natus1 #hg4 ,circassians1 fun]al games among1 #aa4 ,circus1 ,roman1 hair-fa%ion ( a?letes at1 #eb2 f9ally sup]s$es eque/rian conte/s ( ,olympia1 #bfa4 ,cloak1 prize at ,pell5e1 #bj4 ,club1 on ,cretan grave-relief1 #aii2 on /atuette f ,pal]mo1 #aii4 ,cock]ell1 on d$ication f ,delphi1 #cgb4 ,co9s3 ( ,anton9us ,pius1 %[+ p9e1 #ba2 ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 %[+ ,h]akles1 #bec2 ( ,a!ns1 %[+ ,apollo1 #ij2 ( ,augu/us1 %[+ cel]y1 #ba2 ( ,catania1 %[+ ,nike1 #ahb2 ( ,commodus z ,h]cules1 #gd2 ( ,delphi1 %[+ ,apollo1 #ib1 #ccf2 ( ,euagoras ,i1 ,k+ ( ,salamis 9 ,cyprus1 %[+ swoll5 e>s1 #afi2 ( ,geta1 #cjf2 ( ,lucius ,v]us1 #ba2 ( ,m>kianopolis1 #hg2 ( ,messana1 %[+ mule-c>1 #bfc2 ( ,mess5e1 #aaa2 ( ,miletos1 #gd1 #aah1 #aai1 #ccf2 ( ,n]o1 #ba2 ( ,philip ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,mac$on1 %[+ victori\s jockey ) palm-bran*1 #bhj2 ( ,philippopolis1 #gh2 ( ,rhegion1 %[+ mule-c>1 #bfc2 ( ,sel9os1 %[+ cel]y wrea?1 #ba2 ( ,sicily1 %[+ rac+ *>iots1 #bfb1 #bfc2 ( ,syracuse1 %[+ ,nike ) tablet1 #ahb2 ( ,t>5tum1 %[+ apobates horse-race1 #bhb2 %[+ poses ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #dd2 %[+ sc5es ( wre/l+1 #bbh4 ,collignon1 ,m41 on /atue ( ,a/ylos1 at ,kroton1 #cfd2 on s-call$ ,borghese ,w>rior1 #bji2 on ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 #bbg2 on ,egyptian influ5ce on e>ly ,greek sculpture1 #cbi2 on id5tification ( ! /atue ( ,kyniskos1 #aei2 on ! ,olympia gable sculptures1 #aad2 on ,tux bronze1 #bjg4 ,color1 on e>ly ,attic sculpture1 #abf4 ,commodus1 /atue 9 ,mantua1 #gb2 co9s (1 %[+ him z ,h]cules1 #gd4 ,conc5tration 771 9 ,greek /atues1 #hb2 9 ,myron's /atues1 #ahc2 9 ! ,diskobolos1 #acg1 #bja4 ,concord1 temple (1 ,rome1 #bcd4 ,con/ant9ople1 sack (1 by ,franks1 #bec4 ,conte/ 7,agon71 figure (1 9 ,miky?os gr\p at ,olympia1 #afd1 #bae4 ,conv]sion ( a?lete /atues into ^? ( gods1 #gd4 ,conze1 ,a41 on 8,apollo0 type z repres5t+ victors1 #cce2 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] /atue type1 #ij2 on /atue ( ,commodus at ,mantua1 #gb4 ,cop5hag51 heads 9 ,ny-,c>lsb]g collection at1 ) swoll5 e>s1 #afh4 ,corfu1 bronze f1 #if4 ,cor9?1 clay tablets f1 #eb1 #ahb2 fe/ival at ,i/hmus (1 #a2 meet+-place ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 #ag2 ne> ,i/hmian games1 #be2 end ( tyranny at1 #ag4 ,corn-gr9d+ slave woman1 ,egyptian /atuette (1 #agg4 ,c\ncil-h\se 7,b\leut]ion71 at ,olympia1 #bbg1 #cdd1 #cdf1 #cdi1 #cej1 #cee1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,c[1 sacrific$ to ,h]a at ! ,h]aia1 ,olympia1 #di4 ,c[>dice1 case (1 at ,olympia1 #cd4 ,crete1 acrobats (1 #b2 c5t] ( ,aegean civilization1 #a2 co/umes ( m5 & wom5 acrobats1 #b1 #d2 ,cretan y\?s d$icate (f]+s to ,eros1 #eg2 ,cretan y\?s sacrifice to ,apollo1 ! runn]1 #hh2 fam$ 9 ! long race1 #aia2 motion figures f1 #c2 orig9 ( sports 91 #a2 physical developm5t 91 #f2 sports 91 #a;f4 ,crsus1 fall ( empire (1 #abf4 ,cross-buttocks1 ?r[ 9 wre/l+1 #bbi2 %[n 9 small bronze gr\p 9 ! ,loeb ,collection1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ,cr[n ( wild olive1 z tempor>y rew>d = victor1 #cg1 #aee;f4 ,cuirass 7871 prize at ,argos1 #bj4 ,cumae1 inscrib$ cauldron f1 z prize1 #bj4 ,cures1 effect$ by victor /atues1 #ce4 ,curtius1 ,e41 on ! 9 ,sp>ta1 #cfg4 ,cypriote silv] vase 9 rep\ss f ,etruria1 9 ,flor5ce1 #ac4 ,daidalian 1 #cbh4 ,daidalos1 ( ,crete1 my?ical sculptor1 #aah4 ,daidalos1 ( ,sikyon1 sculptor1 #aji1 #abj1 #ach1 #bff1 #bgi2 ,daidalos & canon ( ,polykleitos1 #fi2 /atues ( de/r+5tes se by1 #acf2 leg position ( /atues (1 #aei4 ,dakles1 victor1 #bj4 ,dappos1 sculptor1 /atues at ,olympia1 #aba2 p]ixyom5oi by1 #acf4 ,daitondas1 sculptor1 #aba4 ,dalecampius1 on ,myron's pri/ae1 #ahh4 ,damagetos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cf1 #df1 #cee4 ,damai?idas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,dam>etos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aje1 #aaf1 #aag1 #afa1 #bjc4 ,dameas1 sculptor1 #aaf4 ,damokritos1 sculptor1 #abj4 ,damonon1 hippodrome victories (1 9 & ne> ,lakonia1 #beg2 acts z own *>iote]1 #bff4 ,damox5idas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #dd4 ,damox5os1 slays ,kreugas 9 pankration at ,nemea1 #bcg1 #bdg4 ,dana & ,p]seus1 9 a *e/1 #ahh4 ,danc]s1 bronze1 f ,h]culaneum1 id5tifi$ ) /atue ( ,kyniska1 #bfg2 c]emonial (1 at ,knossos1 #c2 on %ield ( ,a*illes1 #e4 ,dao*os1 d$icates /atu>y gr\p at ,ph>salos & ,delphi1 #bhf;f4 ,dead1 cult (1 z orig9 ( ,greek games1 #i;f4 ,d$ication1 ( a?letic prizes1 #ba;f42 =mul at ,olympia1 #cg4 ,deida1 ,m41 /atue at ,olympia1 #cei4 ,de9olo*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj4 ,de9o/h5es1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdg4 ,delian ,apollo1 ( ,angelion & ,tektaios1 #cjd2 8d\bles0 (1 9 ,a!ns & ,delphi1 #cjd4 ,delos1 ,apollo f1 #ccd2 colossal ,apollo f1 #ccf2 copy ( ,diad\m5os f1 #ib;f41 #aeb1 #aec2 ,ionian fe/ival on1 #ae2 conte/s ( ,!seus 9 honor ( ,apollo on1 #afj2 tripods 9 temple ( ,apollo on1 #i4 ,delphi1 8,apollos0 f1 #ajd2 a?letes divid$ into ?ree classes accord+ to age1 #ahi2 co9s (1 %[+ ,apollo1 #ib1 #ccf2 co9s (1 %[+ laurel wrea?1 #ba2 conte/s at1 #be2 a?letic1 #be2 dramatic1 #be2 eque/rian1 #be2 flute solo1 #be2 lyre-play+1 #be2 music1 z *ief conte/ at1 #be2 pa9t+1 #be2 poetry1 #be2 s++1 #be2 decrees (1 to a?letes1 #bf2 ,delphians sacrifice to ,apollo ! box]1 #hh2 fe/ival at1 #i2 inscrib$ bases ( victor monum5ts f1 #bf2 m5tion$ by ,hom]1 #i2 oracle at1 #ah1 #cj1 #cd2 religi\s int]e/ ( ,pausanias 91 #bd2 /atue ( pancratia/ at1 #bf2 /atuette ( victor f1 #bh2 temple ( ,apollo at1 #ccf2 tripods 9 temple ( ,apollo at1 #ai2 victor monum5ts at1 #bf2 victor grave-relief f1 #ach4 ,demet]1 ! ,eleus9ia 9 honor (1 #ah2 ,*amyne1 prie/ess (1 admitt$ to ,olympia1 #af2 ( ,knidos1 /atue (1 #caa4 ,demetrios1 ,m4 ,aurelios1 ,olympic victor /atue 9 ,rome1 #cgj4 ,demetrios ( ,phal]on1 honor /atues 9 ,a!ns1 #da4 ,demetrios1 sculptor1 #ef4 ,demokrates1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,deonna1 ,w41 aga9/ ,egyptian influ5ce on e>ly ,greek sculpture1 #cbi4 ,d]mys & ,kitylos1 grave-figures (1 f ,tanagra1 #cce4 ,de/r+5tes se1 /atues m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 #acf4 ,diad\m5oi1 or fillet-b9d]s1 #aej;f4 ,diad\m5os1 ( ,pheidias1 #aej;f42 old] ?an t ( ,polykleitos1 #aea2 motive (1 #aea2 ,f>nese copy1 #aea2 ( ,polykleitos1 #aeb;f42 z example ( re/ /atue1 #ii2 z example ( 8e?ical grace10 #fc2 leg position (1 #aei2 copy (1 f ,delos1 #ib;f41 #aeb1 #aec2 o!r copies (1 #aeb;f42 head-/yle (1 #aeb2 ,briti% ,museum head (1 #aec1 #aed2 ,dresd5 head (1 #aec2 ,kassel head (1 #aec2 /atuette f ,smyrna1 #aed2 on ?rone ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 #aej2 pose ( ,vaison & ,f>nese copies1 #aee4 ,diagoras1 mo/ fam\s ,greek box]1 #cfe2 /atue at ,olympia1 #acj1 #cfe2 size (1 #de2 family gr\p (1 #cdb1 #cdc1 #ceb4 ,diaulodromos1 or d\ble spr9t]1 #aic2 on ,a!ns inscrib$ vase1 #aid4 ,dick9s1 ,g41 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #ij2 on /atuette ( trumpet] f ,sp>ta1 #bhc4 ,didymaion1 ne> ,miletos1 #ajh2 /atues at1 #bf4 ,diitrephes1 /atue on ,akropolis1 #aii & note #e1 #cgc4 ,dikon1 ?ree /atues at ,olympia1 #bi1 #ee2 brib$ by ,syracuse1 #cc4 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 on art1 #fa2 on confus+ a?lete & h]o /atues1 #ga2 on diff]5ce betwe5 victor & honor /atues1 #da2 on ,!ag5es' /atue at ,?asos1 #cfd4 ,diodoros1 on ,egyptian influ5ce on e>ly ,greek sculpture1 #ccj2 on proportion 9 ,egyptian /atu>y1 #fg1 note #d2 on family ( ! arti/ ,rhoikos ( ,samos1 #ccj2 on ,py?ian ,apollo by ,telekles & ,!odoros1 #ccd4 ,diog5es1 five times victor 9 trumpet+1 at ,olympia1 #bhc2 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cfj4 ,diog5es ,la]tios1 on gold /atue v[$ by ,p]i&ros1 #bff2 on ,py?agoras1 #fg1 #agi4 ,diom$es1 z box]1 #afi2 ,delphic tripod ascrib$ to1 #ba2 s+le combat (1 ) ,ajax1 #h2 /atue kn[n z1 9 ,muni*1 #aeg1 #afi2 /atue kn[n z1 9 ,palazzo ,val5t9i1 ,rome1 #afc1 #bjg4 ,dionysia1 games at !1 9 ,kyr5e1 #ej2 at ,sp>ta1 #ej2 /atue ( victor at1 9 ,a!ns1 #bg4 ,dionysios1 sculptor1 #bfh4 ,dionysios1 tyrant ( ,syracuse1 #cc4 ,dionysos1 be>d$ type (1 #cce2 %ort hair (1 on ,p>!non frieze1 #ec2 /atue (1 9 gr\p1 #add2 /atue ( 7871 f\nd 9 ,rh9e ne> ,xant51 #bgf2 tripods 9 honor (1 at ,a!ns & ,rhodes1 #ai4 ,diophanes1 /atue at ! ,i/hmus1 #bg4 ,diophon1 p5ta?lete1 epigram on1 #baj4 ,diosk\roi1 a?lete /atues assimilat$ to1 #if1 #ig2 diskos d$icat$ to1 by ,exodas1 #bah2 on grave-relief 9 ,v]ona1 #ig2 relief (1 f ,t>5tum1 #if2 on votive relief 9 ,london1 #ig4 ,dipo9os1 sculptor1 #aah1 #abb1 #ccd4 ,see also ,skyllis4 ,dipylon geometric vase f ,akropolis1 9 ,cop5hag51 %[+ fun]al games1 #ac4 ,diskoboloi1 /atuettes (1 #bh1 #bah;f42 bronze /atuette 9 ,london1 #bba2 bronze /atuette 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #aaf1 #adh1 #bbj1 #bba2 on cov] ( lebes 9 ,london1 #bba4 ,diskobolos1 !1 ( ,myron1 #ahd;f42 ca/ (1 f v>i\s copies1 #ahf2 conc5tration ( 77 #acg1 #ahc1 #bja2 copies ( #ahd;f42 copy (1 9 ,capitol9e1 #ahe2 f ,ca/el ,porziano1 #ahd2 9 ,lancellotti ,palace1 ,rome1 #ahd2 ,grco-,roman copy f ,tivoli1 9 ,london1 #ahd1 #ahe2 9 ,vatican1 f ,tivoli1 #ahd2 on a gem1 #ahg2 z example ( a diskos-?r[]1 #afd2 z example ( rhy?m1 #ff2 ,lucian's description (1 #ahf1 #ahg2 mom5t *os5 by ,myron 91 #ahg2 pose (1 #bai1 #bbj2 pr$ecessors (1 #bbb2 ,qu9tilian on1 #ahg2 relief (1 f ,dipylon1 #abg2 repres5ts tra9$ a?lete1 #ahc1 #ahd2 "r arm (1 f ,casa ,buon>roti1 ,flor5ce1 #ahf2 %ort hair (1 #eb2 small bronze 9 ,b]l91 #bba2 /atuettes 9 ,muni* & ,arols51 #ahg2 comp>$ ) ,tyrannicides1 #ahc4 ,see also ,/&+ ,diskobolos4 ,diskoi1 bronze1 f ! ,altis1 #bb1 #bah2 d$ication ( bronze1 #bb2 kept 9 ,sikyonian treasury at ,olympia1 = use ( p5ta?letes1 #bb2 on r4-f4 vase 9 ,muni*1 #afd2 diskos1 z attribute ( p5ta?lete /atues1 #afd2 bronze1 f ,sicily1 #bag2 inscrib$1 ( ,asklepiades1 #dj2 inscrib$1 ( ,exodas1 f ,kephall5ia 7871 #ig1 #bah2 kn[n to ,hom]1 #bah2 light] = boys ?an = m51 #bah4 ,diskos-?r[+ 771 goes back to my?ology1 #bah2 %[n by /atues1 /atuettes1 reliefs1 vase-pa9t+s1 etc41 #afd1 #bah2 sev5 positions (1 giv5 by ,g>d9]1 #bah;f42 record ?r[ ( ,phallos 91 discuss$1 #baf4 ,ditt5b]g]1 ,w41 on division ( a?letes at ,a!ns1 accord+ to age1 #ahi2 on ,pl9y1 #bg2 on votive "* ( inscriptions on victor /atue-bases1 at ,olympia1 #ci2 ,ditt5b]g] & ,purgold1 on exclusive use ( bronze = ,olympic victor /atues1 #cba4 ,div] 7871 /atuette (1 f ,p]ugia1 #bag4 ,dodona1 bronze /atuette f1 #adc2 bronze /atuette ( ephebe on horse-back f1 #bh1 #bha2 bronze /atuette ( w>rior f1 #abf1 #agh2 m5tion$ by ,hom]1 #af2 tripods 9 temple ( ,zeus at1 #ai4 ,do]pfeld1 ,w41 on base ( ! ,platan ,zeus at ,olympia1 #cdd2 on bases ( victors f\nd 9 ,s\? wall ( ,altis1 #cdg2 on beg9n+ ( ,pausanias' fir/ r\te 9 ! ,altis1 #cda2 on excavations at site s-call$ ( ,great ,alt> ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 #cdi2 on positions ( victor /atues 9 ! ,altis1 #cdj2 on second r\te ( ,pausanias 9 ! ,altis1 #cea2 on /atues1 1 #cej4 ,doli*odromos1 endurance runn]1 #aic4 ,domitian1 /adion at ,rome1 #ej4 ,dorians1 !1 #a4 ,dorieus1 prison] at ,a!ns1 #cf2 victor /atue at ,olympia1 #cee4 ,dorykleidas1 victor d$ication to ,h]akles & ,h]mes by1 #ge1 #gf4 ,doryphoroi1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 #bbf4 ,doryphoros1 ( ,kresilas1 #ade2 ( ,polykleitos1 #gg1 #bbd;f42 z an ,a*illes1 #ib2 conv]t$ into god-type1 #gd2 conv]t$ into ,h]mes1 #hg1 #hh2 comp>$ ) ,diad\m5os1 #aeb2 copy at ,olympia1 #bbg2 gre5 basalt torso 9 ,flor5ce1 #bbe2 m>ble torso =m]ly 9 ,p\rtals ,collection1 #bbe2 f ,pompeii1 its measurem5ts1 #gj2 copy 9 ,vatican1 #bbe2 etymology & use ( ^w1 #bbe1 #bbf2 head f ,h]culaneum1 by ,apollonios1 #afh2 z highe/ ideal ( manly beauty1 #ada2 z example ( javel9-?r[]1 #afd2 leg position (1 #aei2 z ma/] ( ,lysippos1 #gj1 #cja2 z norm ( proportions1 #eh1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj2 orig9al z p5ta?lete victor /atue1 #bbg2 pose (1 #bbe2 /yle ( head (1 #aeb2 z victor /atue1 #bbf1 #bbg4 ,d\ble foot-race 771 #aij2 date ( introduction at ,olympia1 #aia4 8,d\bles0 ( /atues1 #cjd1 #cje4 ,d\ris1 on ,lysippos1 #fi4 ,d\ris1 vase-pa9t]1 r4-f4 kylix by1 #bci4 ,dramatic conte/s1 at ,delphi1 #be4 ,dresd5 ,boy1 !1 /atue 9 ,dresd51 #bac4 ,dromeus1 /atue at ,olympia1 #agi1 #cdc2 id5tifi$ ) mala f]5s nudus1 ( ,pl9y1 #ahb4 ,drunk5ness1 /atue (1 #add4 ,du]]1 ,albre*t1 on proportions1 #fh4 ,duets*ke1 on ! ,mantuan ,commodus1 #gb4 ,dumont1 on division ( a?letes at ,a!ns by age1 #ahi4 ,dy+ hoplite runn]1 relief (1 9 ,a!ns1 #aid1 #bji4 ,dy+ ,gaul /atues1 #bee4 ,dyneiketos1 victor1 repres5t$ on r4-f4 ,pana!naic vase1 #bhj4 ,e>1 swoll51 z attribute ( victor /atues1 #afg;f42 z pr(essional *>act]i/ic ( a?lete & god /atues1 #afh2 on v>i\s heads1 #afh2 on heads ( gods & h]oes1 #afi;f4 ,e>-lappets 71 71 on m>ble head1 #afg2 worn by boys 9 ! pal/ra1 #afg4 ,e*embrotos1 musician1 d$icates a tripod to ,h]akles #bb4 ,e*o ,colonnade1 at ,olympia1 #cdc1 #cde1 #ceb1 #ceh1 #cfj4 ,ege/a1 ,sicily1 #ce2 honors ,philippos1 victor1 ) a h]on1 #eg4 ,egypt1 division (1 into ,old & ,middle ,k+doms1 & ,new ,empire1 #ccj-cca4 ,egyptian art1 proportions 91 #fg & note #d2 adopt$ by ,greeks1 #ccj2 becomes fix$1 #cca2 influ5ce (1 on e>ly ,greek art1 #cbh;f41 #ccb2 ,egyptian /atues1 *>act]i/ics (1 #ccb2 comp>$ ) ,greek1 #ccb4 ,eklektos1 ,val]ios1 /atue at ,a!ns1 #cga2 at ,olympia1 #cei1 #cfj1 #cga4 ,elean regi/]1 #ca2 s*ool ( sculpture1 #aad2 umpires1 #id4 ,eleans1 l$ by ,oxylos f ,aitolia1 #ae4 ,electra1 ( ,sophokles1 quot$1 #bfg4 ,eleus9ia1 !1 #ah2 prizes at1 #bj2 /atue ( victor 9 ,a!ns1 #bg4 ,eleusis1 copy ( /atue ( ,kyniskos 787 f1 #gd1 #aef4 ,eleu!ria1 games at ,plata1 #aa1 #bjc4 ,em]son1 ,a41 on /atue ( ,kyniska1 #bfg4 ,en]gy1 z *>act]i/ic ( ,myron's /atues1 #aeb4 ,enkr9om5os1 /atue by ,alkam5es1 #gg1 #acd4 ,enymakratidas1 hippodrome victories (1 9 ,lakonia1 #beg4 ,epa9etos1 inscrib$ jump+-weight (1 f ,eleusis1 #bae4 ,epeios1 box+-mat* ) ,euryalos1 #g1 #hh4 ,epeirote s+]1 pummell$ by ord] ( ,n]o1 #cd4 ,ep]a/os1 victor at ,olympia1 #afc4 ,ephebe1 head (1 ) yell[ hair1 f ,akropolis1 #aaf2 /atue f ,akropolis1 #aae1 #age2 /atue f ,hadrian's villa1 assimilat$ to ,h]mes1 #hj2 victori\s ephebes lead+ horses1 on ,a!nian relief1 #bha2 ephebes 771 #ahi4 ,ephodoi 771 or r\tes ( ,pausanias1 9 ! ,altis1 #cci1 #cda;f41 #cdh;f4 ,epi*>9os1 /atue on ,akropolis1 #bg1 #agf1 #agi1 #bjf1 #cgb4 ,epidauros1 inscription f1 #cd4 ,epigonos1 erects monum5t to ,attalos1 #cfh4 ,epigrams1 on ,olympic victor /atue bases1 #dc4 ,epikradios1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abb1 #ceb4 ,epitaphia1 fe/ival at ,a!ns1 #ah4 ,epi!rses1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ca1 #bdd1 #cdf4 ,eponymus victor1 at ,olympia1 #aia4 ,eque/rian conte/s1 at ,delphi1 #be2 at ,olympia1 replac$ by amusem5ts ( ,roman circus1 #bfa2 reviv$ at ,olympia "u ,empire1 #bfa4 ,see also ,*>iot-race1 ,horse-race4 ,er1 my? 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,olympia gable sculptures1 #aad2 on positions ( victor /atues 9 ,altis1 #cdj4 ,flaxman1 ,john1 sculptor1 on proportions1 #fh4 ,flute-play+1 at ,delphi1 #be2 accompanies p5ta?lon1 at ,olympia1 #bhd2 on vases1 #bhe4 ,fluti/s1 /atues ( victori\s1 #bhd2 honor /atue (1 #db2 on *e/ ( ,kypselos1 #bhe4 ,fly+ m>e1 ?r[ 9 pankration1 #bdg2 ?r[ 9 wre/l+1 #bbi4 ,foal-race1 at ,olympia1 #bfj4 ,fo]/]1 ,h41 on location ( /atue ( ,ladas1 #aig2 on /atue ( ,leon1 #cff4 ,fo]/]1 ,r41 on head ( hoplitodrome1 f ,olympia1 #afc4 ,foot1 z common measure 9 proportions1 #fh2 bronze1 f victor /atue at ,olympia1 #bee1 #cbb2 left1 =w>d 9 ,egyptian & e>ly ,greek /atues1 #ccb4 ,footm>ks1 on bases ( victor /atues1 at ,olympia1 #dc4 ,foot-race1 !1 at games ( ,patroklos1 #h2 at ! ,h]aia1 at ,olympia1 #di4 ,see ,/ade-race4 ,=e>m1 fragm5t (1 ) horn1 9 relief1 #d4 ,fragm5ts1 bronze1 ( victor /atues1 f ,olympia1 #cbb2 m>ble1 f ,olympia1 #cbd2 bronze1 ( boy victor /atues f ,olympia1 #cbb2 m>ble1 ( boy victor /atues f ,olympia1 #cbd1 #cbe4 ,frascati1 /atuette f1 9 ,bo/on1 #ach4 ,fraz]1 ,j4 ,g41 on ,arrha*ion's /atue1 #cbg2 on fun]al games1 #aa2 on omission ( ,olympiad #baa f ,elean regi/]1 #cfi2 on /atue ( ,diitrephes1 ,a!ns1 #cgc4 8,free0 leg1 motive 9 sculpture1 #aji1 #bbf4 ,fri$ri*s1 ,k41 on id5tify+ ,doryphoros f ,pompeii1 #bbd4 ,fri$ri*s-,wolt]s1 on ,olympia gable sculptures1 #aad4 ,frits*1 ,g41 on body proportions 9 ,greek sculpture1 #fg4 ,froehn]1 ,w41 on ! 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,doryphoros1 #gj2 prote/s aga9/ pr(essionalism 9 a?letics1 #cf1 #cg4 ,games1 e>ly ,greek1 #a;f42 orig9 (1 9 cult ( dead1 #i;f42 orig9 ( f\r national1 #i2 e>ly hi/ory (1 #ad;f42 local1 #ag;f4 ,ganym$es1 id5tifi$ ) /atue ( y\? f ,subiaco1 #aie4 ,g>d9]1 ,e4 ,n41 on apobates horse-race1 #bhb2 on colossal ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #beb2 on diskos-?r[+1 #bah;f42 on e>lie/ ev5t at ,olympia1 #cg2 on ,iri% fairs1 #ab2 on orig9 ( f\r-horse *>iot-race at ,olympia1 #bei2 on positions 9 javel9-?r[+1 #bbc2 on rules ( pankration1 #bdf2 on %apes ( jump+-weights1 #bad2 on ,uffizi pancratia/ gr\p1 #beb4 ,g>dn]1 ,e4 ,a41 on ! ,agias1 #cjc2 on arti/ s*ool at ,olympia1 #eh2 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #ha2 on contra/ betwe5 ! ,atalanta & o!r ,tegea heads1 #caj1 note #c2 on epigram f /atue ( ,ladas1 #aig2 on eye treatm5t 9 ! ,agias1 #cae2 on eye treatm5t 9 ! ,atalanta f ,tegea1 #caj2 on honors paid to victors1 #cf2 on helmet$ head f ,tegea1 #cjh4 ,g>dn]1 ,p41 on date ( ,lysippos #cjj1 #cja2 on ,greek portraiture1 #ee2 on head ( ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos1 9 ,ox=d1 #aed1 #aee2 on ! ,meleag] & ,lansd[ne ,h]akles z ,lysippan1 #cae2 quotes ,k4 ,t4 ,fro/ on ! ,agias & ! ,apoxyom5os1 #bij2 on symmetry1 #ff4 ,gelados2 see ,hageladas4 ,gelo1 *>iot-gr\p at ,olympia1 #bc1 #abb1 #beg1 #bfd1 #bff1 #cdd1 #cee2 z d$icator ( ,delphi ,*>iote]1 #bgh4 ,gem1 %[+ ,apoxyom5os ( ,polykleitos1 #acf2 %[+ ,diskobolos1 #ahg2 %[+ ,p]seus & ,gorgon's head1 #hc2 %[+ poses ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #bad4 ,g5zano1 bu/ ( ,h]akles f1 #afi1 #agj4 ,g]ai/os1 ,euboea1 #cgc4 ,g]h>d1 ,e41 on vases %[+ f\r-horse *>iots1 #bfc4 ,g]manicus1 /atue s-call$1 #he4 ,g]manicus ,caes>1 victor 9 *>iot race at ,olympia1 #beg1 #bfa1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cei4 ,g]mans1 excavations ( ,olympia by1 #dc4 ,ge/ures1 8transitory0 & 8/ation>y10 #hc4 ,geta1 co9 (1 #cjf4 ,girl runn]1 /atue 9 ,vatican1 #di1 #ej2 /atuette f ,dodona1 #bh4 ,gladiatorial %[s1 borr[$ f ,etruria by ,romans1 #aa4 ,glaukias1 sculptor1 #cb1 #abb1 #abe1 #agf1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bfd1 #bff1 #bgh4 ,glaukon1 *>iot-gr\p at ,olympia1 #bc1 #bfe1 #cdg4 ,glaukos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cb1 #abb1 #abe1 #agf1 #bdc4 ,glykon1 sculptor1 #beb1 #bec4 ,gods1 /atues (1 d$icat$ to o!r gods & goddesses1 #cce2 wor%ip (1 sup]s$es t ( h]oes1 #ad4 ,goldsmi?s1 9 ,crete1 #d4 ,gorgias1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db1 #cea4 ,gorgon1 on ,p9d>'s ,v,i,ith ,olympic ode1 #cfe4 ,gorgos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ee1 #ei4 ,g\g+1 prohibit$ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 %[n on r4-f4 kylix1 #bdf4 ,graef1 ,b41 on ,ant5or's female /atue f ,akropolis1 #agd2 on copies ( orig9al ( ,lansd[ne ,h]akles1 #cac2 ,skopaic gr\p (1 #cae4 ,gra91 z prize at ! 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& ,olympia1 #bae2 on tree-trunk beside /atue1 #afd2 use (1 accord+ to ,ari/otle & ,philo/ratos1 #baf2 use (1 9 m$ical gymna/ics1 #ba2 use (1 accord+ to vase-pa9t+s1 #baf4 ,ju/91 on *>iot-gr\ps at ,delphi1 #bf4 ,ka-ap]1 wood /atue (1 9 ,cairo1 #ccj2 /atue ( 8wife0 (1 s-call$1 9 ,cairo1 #ccj4 ,kabbadias1 ,p41 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #ha4 ,kabeirion1 /atuette f1 #bh4 ,kalamis1 sculptor1 #cf1 #cbd2 ,kalamis & ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo type1 #hi2 *>act]iz$1 #ij1 #bgi2 *>iot-gr\ps by1 #bc2 criticism (1 by ,cic]o1 #fj2 horse-gr\ps by1 #bd1 #bgi2 horses by1 *>act]iz$ by ,pl9y1 #fb2 jockeys on horseback by1 #bc2 ,kalamis & nude *>iote] f ,esquil9e1 #bgf2 ,kalamis & ,onatas1 #bai1 #bfd1 #bfg1 #bfh2 ,kalamis & ,praxiteles1 #bfh2 z pr$ecessor ( ,pheidias1 #bgi2 /atues at ,olympia by1 set up by ! ,akragant9es1 #acj2 ,kalamis z unrivall$ sculptor ( horses1 #bgi4 ,kalkmann1 ,a41 on ,h]akles ,alexikakos ( ,hageladas1 #aaj2 on kneel+ figures f ,we/ gable ( temple on ,aeg9a1 #aie2 on proportions ( face 9 ,greek sculpture1 #fg4 ,kallias1 /atue at ,a!ns1 #bg1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #cfe2 /atue at ,olympia1 #de1 #abi1 #bea1 #ceb1 #cfe4 ,kallikles1 sculptor1 #cfe4 ,kallikrates1 dates ( victories (1 at ,olympia1 #cja2 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba1 #bih4 ,kallima*os1 on /atues ( ,eu?ymos be+ /ruck by lightn+1 #cfd4 ,kallippos1 bribes oppon5ts & is f9$1 #cd4 ,kalli/ratos1 *>act]izes ,skopas1 #cji4 ,kalliteles1 /atue at ,olympia1 #bfe1 #cdg4 ,kallon1 sculptor1 #abb1 #abe4 ,kallon1 victor1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba4 ,kalydonian bo> hunt1 repres5t$ 9 ,tegea p$im5t gr\p1 #cjg4 ,kana*os1 ! ,eld]1 sculptor1 #bd1 #aah1 #abj1 #bgi1 #cbd1 #ccf2 celetizontes pu]i1 by1 #abj2 comp>$ ) ,kallon1 #abb2 criticism (1 by ,cic]o1 #fj4 ,kana*os1 ! ,y\ng]1 sculptor1 #abj4 ,kan?>os1 sculptor1 #abb4 ,kaphisias1 sculptor1 #cfh1 #cge4 ,kapros1 box+-mat* ) ,kleitoma*os1 #bdg2 bronze foot f /atue (1 #bee1 #cdf2 fir/ to w9 pankration & wre/l+ at ,olympia on same day1 #beb2 ,kapros & bronze box] head f ,olympia1 #bed2 two /atues at ,olympia1 #bi1 #cdb1 #ced4 ,k>rhotos1 *>iote]1 #bfg4 ,kasia ,mnasi!a1 /atue base at ,olympia1 #cfj4 ,kassel1 /atue ( ,apollo 91 #cfj2 /atue ( box] 91 #df1 #aee2 head ( ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos 91 #aec1 #aed4 ,ka/or1 victor 9 foot-race at ,olympia1 #if2 z horse-rac]1 #if2 hurls /one diskos1 #bah4 ,kebriones1 #e4 ,kekul1 on ! ,idol9o1 #ada1 #adb2 on ,olympia gable sculptures1 #aad2 on ! ,sp9>io1 #bja2 on ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf4 ,kephisodotos1 sculptor1 #beb4 ,k]ameikos1 ,a!ns1 #aa4 ,k]amop\llos1 ,a4 ,d41 on ! ,delphi ,*>iote]1 #bgh4 ,k]ykeion1 symbol ( ,h]mes1 #ga1 #gb1 #gh1 #hb1 #hh1 etc4 ,kettle1 prize at e>ly games1 #bj4 ,kick+1 all[$ 9 pankration1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,kietz1 on ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gh4 ,kimon1 son ( ,miltiades1 #ah4 ,kimon1 son ( ,/esagoras1 bronze m>es (1 at ,a!ns1 #bg1 #cfc4 ,kir*h(f1 ,a41 on /atue ( ,h]molykos on ,akropolis1 #cgc4 ,kirghiz1 !1 ( ,india1 fun]al games among1 #ab4 ,kittos1 box+ & wre/l+ sc5es on ,pana!naic amphora (1 #bdh4 ,kitylos & ,d]mys1 grave-figures (1 f ,tanagra1 #cce4 ,kladeos1 !1 riv] at ,olympia1 #bii1 #cdb1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,klazom5ai1 pa9t+s f1 #eb2 reliefs f1 #bfd1 #bfh4 ,kle91 ,w41 on ! ,bo/on ,*>iote] 7871 #bge2 on ! ,idol9o1 #ada2 on ! ,jason ( ,l\vre1 #hf2 on ! ,oil-p\r] ( ,muni*1 #acd4 ,kleito2 see ,polykleitos4 ,kleitoma*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cec2 id5tifi$ wrongly ) ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1 #bec2 /ory (1 f ,polybios1 #adg1 #bdg4 ,kleitor1 son ( ,azan1 #i4 ,kleitor1 relief f1 #acb4 ,kleobis 7871 /atue (1 f ,delphi1 #aje4 ,kleoitas1 sculptor1 #bg4 ,kleom$es1 h]oiz$ at dea?1 #ce4 ,kleom5es1 sculptor1 #he4 ,kleon1 sculptor1 #fi1 #abj1 #aba1 #afd2 leg position ( /atues by1 #aei4 ,kleonai1 #ag4 ,kleo/h5es1 ,k+ ( ,pisa1 #ae4 ,kleo/h5es1 ( ,epidamnos1 *>iot-gr\p (1 at ,olympia1 #bc1 #bff1 #cdd1 #cde4 ,knee-runn]s1 on bronze tripod reliefs1 #aid2 on small bronze relief 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #aid2 on m>ble relief ( dy+ hoplite runn]1 #aid2 on small bronzes1 #aie2 on vases1 #aid2 /atue ( kneel+ y\? 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h\s+ ( /one /atues1 #cbe4 ,leg1 "r l[]1 fragm5t ( victor /atue1 #cbb2 leg holds 9 pankration1 #bdg2 8free0 & 8re/0 legs1 z motives 9 sculpture1 #aji1 #bbf4 ,leky?ion1 a?letic attribute1 #hd4 ,leky?os1 #acg1 #ach4 ,lemnian ,a!na1 !1 /atue 9 ,dresd51 #ec4 ,lemniskos1 #aee1 #aef4 ,leon1 /atue (1 #cff4 ,leonidaion1 !1 7,su$we/bau71 at ,olympia1 #cci1 #cdj1 #cdf1 #cdg1 #cdh1 #cej1 #cec1 #cee1 #cef4 ,leonidas1 at ,!rmopylae1 #ea2 fun]al games 9 honor (1 #aa4 ,leonidas1 ( ,naxos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdf1 #cdg4 ,leontiskos1 pa9t]1 #bi4 ,leontiskos1 ( ,sicily1 /atue at ,olympia1 #fb1 #agi1 #ahc1 #bdi4 ,less+1 *>act]ization ( ,diad\m5os & ,doryphoros by1 #aeb2 on mo/ fruitful mom5t to be *os5 by arti/1 #agh4 ,see ,laokon4 ,libation-p\r]1 /atue (1 #adc1 #add4 ,libation-p\r+1 #ach;f4 ,libya1 figure 9 ,delphi gr\p1 #bgg2 oracle (1 #ca4 ,li*as1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ca1 #cdb2 sc\rg$ by umpires1 #cc1 #adi4 ,life1 a?lete1 happy1 #cf4 ,lifelike /atues1 #ei4 ,life-size /atues at ,olympia1 #df4 ,lig\ri1 bronze /atuette f1 #aje1 #aaa1 #aad4 ,limp+ ,man1 !1 /atue at ,syracuse1 #ahb4 ,l9dos1 temple ( ,a!na at1 #cde4 ,loeb collection1 ,muni*1 bronze gr\p ( wre/l]s 91 #bcb1 #bcc2 bronze /atuette 91 #acf2 bronze /atuette ( boy-rid] 91 #bhb2 ?ree bronze tripods 91 #aid1 #bfd4 ,loes*ke1 ,g4 ,l41 on appellation 8,apollo0 = e>ly /atues1 #cce2 on /atue ( ,kylon on ,akropolis1 #cfb & note #g4 ,loewy1 ,e41 on ,delian ,diad\m5os1 #ib2 on gr\p ( ,kyniska1 at ,olympia1 #bfg2 on /yle ( /atue ( ,py?okles1 at ,olympia1 #bac4 ,lo9-clo?1 ( a?letes1 #dg2 abs5ce (1 on ,cretan frescoes1 #dg2 worn by ,asiatics1 #dh2 9 ,hom]1 #dg2 on e>ly vases1 #dg1 #dh2 dropp$ fir/ by ,orsippos ( ,meg>a1 #dg2 ,plato on1 #dh2 us$ by box]s & wre/l]s1 #dh4 ,lokroi1 ,ozolian1 colonization ( !1 #bja4 ,lokros1 ance/or ( ! ,ozolian ,lokroi1 #bja4 ,longpri]1 ,h4 ,a41 on bronze /atuette 9 ,p>is1 #adb4 ,long race 771 at ,olympia1 #aij2 boys admitt$ to1 at ,delphi1 #aij2 m5 admitt$ to1 at ,olympia1 #aij4 ,lucian1 on apples z prizes at ,delphi1 #ba1 #ajg2 on art criticism1 #fj2 criticism ( ,hegias1 ,kritios1 & ,nesiotes1 by1 #age2 description ( ,diskobolos by1 #ahf1 #ahg2 ideal /atue (1 #fj2 on life-size victor /atues1 #de1 #bbg2 on prohibition aga9/ bit+ & g\g+ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 on /atue ( ,peli*os1 #ef2 on /atue ( ,!ag5es on ,?asos1 #cfd4 ,lucius ,v]us1 co9s (1 #ba4 ,luctator anhelans1 pa9t+ (1 by ,nauk]os1 #bcc4 ,lykaia1 !1 /atues at ! games (1 #bf4 ,lykaios1 ,m\nt1 9 ,arkadia1 hippodrome on1 #beh4 ,lykidas1 ( ,sp>ta1 ent]s colts z full-gr[n horses at ,olympia1 #bei4 ,lyk9os1 ( ,elis1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdc4 ,lyk9os1 ( ,h]aia1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba4 ,lyk9os1 ( ,sp>ta1 two /atues at ,olympia1 #bd1 #bi1 #bfe1 #bff4 ,lykios1 sculptor1 #acd1 #bdc4 ,lykom$es1 bases ( two /atues at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,lyk\rgos1 ( ,sp>ta1 #ae1 #ea4 ,lyk\rgos1 rhetorician1 #bg4 ,lyre-play+1 at ,delphi1 #be4 ,lyres1 9 ,p>!non1 #bc4 ,lys&ros1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdc4 ,lysippos1 ( ,elis1 victor /atue (1 by ,&reas1 #aah1 #ced4 ,lysippos1 sculptor1 #cf1 #cge2 z art re=m]1 #cja2 borr[s f o!r sculptors1 #bia2 canon (1 #fh1 #fi1 #acf1 #bhh2 *>act]i/ics (1 #caa2 *>iot-gr\ps by1 #bc2 circle (1 #aca1 #bee2 z c\rt sculptor ( ,alex&]1 #bif1 #cah2 criticism (1 by ,pl9y1 #fa2 date (1 #cjj;f42 dates ( ,lysippos1 ,skopas1 & ,praxiteles1 #cja2 div]g5t /yle (1 #bec2 foll[s ,doryphoros & nature1 #cja2 improvem5ts 9 hair te*nique by1 #ec1 #bif2 influ5ce (1 on realism1 #ef2 influ5c$ by ,skopas1 #bia1 #cja2 inscription on base ( /atue 9 ,ph>salos by1 #bhg2 ,lansd[ne ,h]akles ascrib$ to1 #cac2 ,lysippos & ,skopas comp>$1 #caa;f42 ,lysippos & type ( we>y ,h]akles1 #bec2 makes #aejj /atues1 #cjb2 ,phil&ridas head at ,olympia1 by1 #bih2 portraiture aft] "t (1 #ed2 poses ( /atues (1 #dd2 reg>d$ exclusively z bronze f\nd]1 #cjb2 /atue ( ,agias by1 #bhf1 #cff2 /atues ( de/r+5tes se1 by1 #acf2 /atues (1 at ,olympia1 #aba1 #bff2 surpasses e>li] arti/s 9 symmetry1 #ff2 z work] 9 m>ble1 #cjb;f4 ,lysi/ratos1 sculptor1 fir/ to make pla/] m\lds f face1 #ef1 #bee1 #cjd4 ,mac$on1 co9s (1 %[+ rac+ *>iots1 #bfb2 k+s (1 #gc2 pr9ces (1 z horse-rac]s1 #ceg4 ,ma*1 ,e4 von1 aga9/ ori5tal influ5ce on ,greek sculpture1 #cbi2 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #hd2 on ! ,*>iote] 787 9 ,bo/on1 #bge1 #bgf2 on orig9al ( ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec4 ,madrid1 copy ( ,diad\m5os 91 #aec2 ,ildefonso gr\p 91 #aec4 ,mc5as1 & victor privileges 9 ,rome1 #cc4 ,magna ,grcia1 cities (1 honor victors1 #ce2 fond ( hippodrome conte/s1 #beh4 ,magnesia ad ,sipylum1 victor /atue base f1 #cgj4 ,mahl]1 ,a41 on copies ( ,doryphoros1 #bbd2 on id5tify+ /atue ( ,ladas1 #aig2 on ! ,idol9o1 #ada2 on resemblance betwe5 head ( ! ,agias & ,phil&ridas1 #bid4 ,maid51 figure (1 9 *>iot-gr\ps1 #bfh4 ,mal?o1 gymnasium 9 ,elis1 #cgj4 ,mane?o1 ,egyptian dyna/ies (1 #ccj4 ,mantua1 /atue ( ,apollo 91 #aaa4 ,m>a?on1 battle (1 #ah1 #bji2 ,h]akleia1 !1 at1 #ah4 ,m>ble1 less exp5sive ?an bronze1 #bh2 "s victor /atues made (1 at ,olympia1 #cbd4 ,m>kianopolis1 co9 (1 #hg4 ,m>kios1 ,gnaios1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cei4 ,m>syas1 !1 /atue by ,myron1 #acd1 #ahc1 #ahd4 ,masks1 d$ication (1 #bb4 ,massimi ,diskobolos2 see ,lancellotti ,diskobolos4 ,mat]ials ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #cba;f4 ,matz & von ,duhn1 on s-call$ ,diom$es1 9 ,palazzo ,val5t9i1 ,rome1 #bjg4 ,mau1 ,a41 on ! ,pray+ ,boy ( ,b]l91 #acb4 ,mausoleion1 ,halik>nassos1 *>iot frieze f1 #bga1 #bhi2 *>iot-gr\p f1 #bfd2 small *>iot frieze f1 #bgd1 #bge4 ,mausolos1 games 9 honor (1 #aa4 ,maviglia1 ,ada1 on ,diad\m5os ( ,delos1 #ic2 rejects ! ,apoxyom5os & ! ,agias z evid5ce ( /yle ( ,lysippos1 #bij4 ,may]1 ,m41 on a?lete 787 /atue f ,olympieion1 #adc2 on ,myron's pri/ae1 #ahh4 ,m$es1 !1 #aa4 ,m$it]ranean culture1 #a2 gymna/ic ex]cises 91 #f2 orig9 ( ,greek a?letics 91 #g4 ,megakles1 victor at ,olympia1 #cfc4 ,meg>a1 colossal torso ( 8,apollo0 f1 #ccf4 ,meg>a ,hyblaia1 ,sicily1 necropolis 91 #ccg2 /atue ( ,zeus (1 at ,olympia1 #cdd4 ,meleag]1 head (1 on ,praxitelian trunk 9 ,m$ici ,g>d5s1 ,rome1 #cac2 /atue (1 9 ,fogg ,museum1 ,bo/on1 #cad2 /atue (1 9 ,vatican1 #cab2 /atue ( ,kyniskos conv]t$ into1 #gd4 ,melik]tes1 #aj4 ,melite1 deme (1 #aaj4 ,melos1 8,apollo0 f1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,memorials1 miscellane\s1 ( victors1 #dj1 #da4 ,memphis1 motion /atuettes f1 #agg2 art (1 #ccj4 ,m5de1 (f]+ ( p (1 at ,olympia1 #afd1 #cda4 ,m5del1 ,m41 excavations (1 at ,tegea1 #cjf2 on head ( ,h]akles1 f ,tegea1 #cjf1 #cjg4 ,m5$emos1 bases ( two /atues at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,m5elaos1 sculptor1 #aac4 ,m5gs1 ,raphael1 pa9t]1 ca/ f collection (1 %[+ swoll5 e>s1 #afi2 on proportions1 #fh4 ,messana1 co9s (1 %[+ mule-c>1 #bfc4 ,mess5e1 co9s (1 #aaa2 hi]o!sion at1 #ai4 ,mess5ians1 ( ,naupaktos1 #aaj4 ,metageitnion1 mon? (1 #ah4 ,metellus ,mac$onicus1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cdh4 ,metrobios1 ,t4 ,phlabios 7,flavius71 base ( /atue at ,iasos1 #cfi4 ,metrodoros1 ,aurelios1 base ( /atue at ,kyzikos1 #cga4 ,mi*aelis1 ,a41 on apobates *>iot-race on ,p>!non frieze1 #bgb2 on base ( /atue ( ,epi*>9os1 on ,akropolis1 #cgb2 on use ( & by ,pausanias1 #cdi2 on ,lansd[ne ,h]akles1 #bih1 #cac2 on ,petwor? ephebe /atue1 #acc2 on ! ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf2 ,mi*aelis1 ,a41 & ,conze1 ,a41 on 8,apollo0 type z victor /atues1 #cce4 ,middle ,k+dom1 ,egypt1 dates (1 #ccj & note #f2 sculptures (1 #ccj4 ,mikon1 ( ,a!ns1 sculptor1 #fa1 #fb1 #abi4 ,mikon1 ( ,syracuse1 sculptor1 #cge4 ,miky?os1 or ,smiky?os1 gr\p d$icat$ at ,olympia by1 #bae1 #cea4 ,mil*hoef]1 ,a41 on pa9t+ by ,eupompos1 #afj4 ,miletos1 co9s (1 #gd1 #aah1 #aai1 #ccf4 ,milit>y runn] 771 #bji4 ,milo1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ca1 #ajf;f41 #acj1 #afe1 #ccg4 ,miltiades1 games 9 honor (1 on ,?racian ,*]sonesos1 #aa4 ,miltiades1 son ( ,kypselos1 votive (f]+ at ,olympia1 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,m9oans1 !1 ( ,crete1 #a2 influ5c$ by ,ori5t1 #a2 love ( sports among1 #f4 ,see ,crete4 ,mnaseas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #afa1 #agi1 #aha4 ,mnesib\los1 /atue 9 ,elateia1 #bjd1 #cga4 ,monceaux2 see ,lal\x & ,monceaux4 ,mopsos1 box+ mat* ) ,admetos1 #bhe4 ,mosaic1 a?lete1 9 ,lat]an1 ,rome1 #bae4 ,mosso1 ,a41 on ,box] ,vase1 #f2 on orig9 ( ,greek box+-glove1 #bce2 on ,vapheio cups1 #d4 ,motion /atues1 antiquity (1 9 ,greece1 #agf;f42 9 ,assyro-,babylonian art1 #agg2 9 ,cretan art1 #agg2 9 ,egyptian art1 #agf1 #agg2 9 ,greece1 n develop$ out ( 8,apollo0 /atue type1 #agg2 on e>ly vases1 #agg2 victor /atues 91 #agc;f42 victor /atues 9 v>i\s conte/s1 #ahh;f4 ,motives1 g5]al1 ( /atues 9 motion1 #ahh;f42 at re/1 #acj;f4 ,m\not1 ti5ne1 sculptor1 #ahe4 ,muell]1 ,k4 ,o41 on common features ( victor /atues1 #dd4 ,mule-c>1 on ,rhegian & ,messanian co9s1 #bfc4 ,mule-race 772 see ,*>iot-race ) mules4 ,muni* ,k+1 /atue s-call$1 #bbf4 ,muscles1 9 ,cretan art1 #c1 #d4 ,muses1 gr\p (1 by ,hageladas1 ,aro/okles & ,kana*os1 #aah4 ,musical conte/s1 d$ications =1 at ,olympia & else:]e1 #bhc;f42 at ,delphi1 #be2 honor d$ications =1 at ,olympia1 #bhe2 monum5ts =1 victor or votive 9 "*1 #bhd2 at ,olympia1 non-a?letic1 #bhc1 #bhe1 repres5t$ on imitation ,pana!naic vases1 #bhd2 on reliefs1 #bhd2 victors 91 at ,delphi1 #bhd2 victor /atues = musicians1 on ,helikon1 #bhd4 ,mussius1 ,l41 grave/one (1 #gb4 ,myc51 #a1 #g2 lack ( a?letic sc5es at1 #h2 no ,egyptian influ5ce on art (1 #ccb4 ,mykale1 battle (1 #cgc4 ,myr9a1 t]ra-cotta /atuettes f1 #ace4 ,myron1 sculptor1 #ahc;f41 #cbd1 #cec1 #cge2 (1 #ahc2 criticism (1 by ,cic]o1 #fj2 by ,pl9y1 #ahj1 #ahd2 dat$ by ,pl9y1 #fa2 love ( movem5t (1 #ahc2 ,myron & ,h]mes ,ludovisi1 #he2 ,myron & ,py?agoras1 difficulty ( sep>at+ works (1 #aha1 #bde2 ,myron & ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf2 ,olympic victor /atues by1 #abi1 #ahg;f41 #bde1 #ccc2 poses ( victor /atues by1 #dd2 pupil ( ,hageladas1 #aaj2 z reali/1 #ahh2 /atue ( ,ladas by1 #aif;f42 surpasses ,polykleitos 9 rhy?m & symmetry1 #ff2 v]satility (1 #ahh2 victor /atues at ,delphi by1 #bf1 #ahh4 ,myron1 tyrant ( ,sikyon1 d$icates bronze *apel at ,olympia1 #da4 ,mytil5e1 /atue f1 #ib4 ,n>kissos1 #aeh4 ,n>ykidas1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cdb4 ,natalis1 ,l4 ,m9ikios 7,m9icius71 eque/rian monum5t at ,olympia1 #cg4 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ( ,pl9y2 see ,hi/oria ,naturalis4 ,naturalism1 9 ,greek ,art1 #dd4 ,naukratis1 ,egypt1 #aje1 #cbi1 #ccd4 ,naukydes1 sculptor1 #gf1 #aag1 #abj2 leg position ( /atues by1 #aei2 ,naukydes & ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf;f42 ,naukydes & canon ( ,polykleitos1 #fi2 /atue ( ,*eimon by1 *>act]iz$ by ,pausanias1 #fb4 ,naupaktos1 #aaj4 ,nausikaa1 #hc4 ,naxos1 8,apollo0 f1 #cbh1 #ccd2 bronze /atuette f1 #gd1 #aai2 /atue ( ,nik&re f1 #agg4 ,nelson1 ,philip1 head 9 collection (1 #aeg4 ,nemea1 a?letes at1 divid$ into ?ree classes1 by ages1 #ahi2 a?letic conte/s at1 #be2 a?letic int]e/ (1 second>y to t ( ,olympia1 #be2 boy conte/s at1 #be2 fe/ival at1 #a2 f\nd$ by ,adra/os1 #ag2 held e two ye>s1 #ag2 9 honor ( ,opheltes or ,ar*]moros1 #aj2 lat] 9 honor ( a god1 #i2 orig9 (1 #i2 records ( victors at1 #ba2 relief f1 #acb2 retir$ valley (1 #be2 reviv$ by ,hadrian1 #ag2 /atues ( victors at1 #bf2 /atues ( victors at1 9 ,a!ns1 #bg2 summ>ily treat$ by ,pausanias1 #bd2 transf]r$ to ,argos1 #ag2 "u ,argive influ5ce1 #ag2 ! ,nemea ( ,!bes1 #bg4 ,nemead1 fir/ dat$1 #ag4 ,nemesis1 /atue by ,agorakritos at ,rhamn\s1 #ahb4 ,neoladas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj4 ,nepos1 on fir/ date ( repres5t+ a?lete /atues 9 motion1 #agc4 ,n]o1 co9s (1 #ba2 uses =ce to w9 at ! ,i/hmia1 #cd2 villa (1 at ,subiaco1 #aie2 w9s *>iot-races at ,olympia1 #beg1 #bfb1 #cfi4 ,nesiotes1 sculptor1 criticism (1 by ,lucian1 #fj4 ,ne/or1 #h2 conte/s at ,b\prasion1 #i2 /atue at ,olympia1 by ,onatas1 #abb4 ,net1 on ,vapheio cup1 #e4 ,new ,empire1 ,egypt1 dates (1 #cca & note #b2 sculptures (1 #cca4 ,nida-,hadd]nheim1 t]ra-cotta /atuette f1 #bjb4 ,nik&re1 /atue (1 #agg4 ,nik&ros1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba4 ,nikanor1 fragm5t ( base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cei4 ,nik>*os1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cef4 ,nike1 !1 ( ,ar*]mos1 #agg2 bronze figur9e f ,akropolis1 #agg2 z *>iote]1 #bfh2 on ,ficoroni ci/a1 #bfi2 on h& ( /atue ( ,olympian ,zeus1 at ,olympia1 #adi2 on ,nike balu/rade f ,akropolis1 #hf2 on relief 9 ,madrid1 #bfi2 on relief f ,phal]on1 #bfi2 on s>cophagus f ,klazom5ai1 #bfh4 ,see also ,paionios1 ! ,nike (4 ,nik]atos1 date ( ar*on%ip (1 #aid4 ,nikeus1 ca/s /one diskos1 #bah4 ,nikodamos1 sculptor1 #bdd4 ,nikokles1 victor monum5t at ,akriai1 #cgb4 ,nikoma*os1 pa9t]1 #bfh2 ,victoria quadrigam 9 sublime rapi5s by1 #bfh4 ,n9eveh1 reliefs f1 #ccj4 ,niobid1 id5tifi$ ) /atue ( y\? f ,subiaco1 #aie4 ,nordo/grab51 !1 at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,nordwe/grab51 !1 at ,olympia1 #cef4 ,nor? ,greek-,?racian s*ool ( sculpture1 #aad4 ,noses1 bloody1 on vase-pa9t+s1 #afg4 ,novus ,annus 7871 nude /atue f\nd 9 ,rh9e id5tifi$ z1 #bgf4 ,nudity1 *>act]i/ic ( ar*aic /atues1 #cce2 z ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,greek & =eign]1 #dh2 n obs]v$ by *>iote]s1 #dh2 ( victor /atues1 #dg;f4 ,nudus talo incess5s1 /atue by ,polykleitos1 #aeh1 #bdi1 #bej2 /atuette f ,autun %[+ ! ,polykleitan motive1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,numismatic comm5t>y on ,pausanias1 #cjf4 ,ny-,c>lsb]g ,museum1 ,cop5hag51 ar*aic head ( y\? 91 #abh2 two heads 91 #ahj1 #aha2 etc4 ,nymphs1 alt> at ,olympia1 #cea4 ,odysseus1 #h4 ,oibotas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cj1 #cb1 #ccc1 #cdc1 #cea4 ,oil1 us$ 9 wre/l+1 #afe4 ,oil-flask1 on r4-f4 kylix 9 ,muni*1 #afd4 ,oil-p\r]1 bronze /atuette (1 f ,s\? ,italy1 #ace2 /atue s-call$1 9 ,muni*1 #ii1 #acc;f41 #acg2 z ,attic "w1 #acg2 head 9 ,bo/on1 copy ( orig9al (1 #acd2 pose (1 #aeh2 torso 9 ,dresd5 z v>iant (1 #acd1 #ace4 ,oil-p\r+1 on gems1 reliefs & t]ra-cotta /atuettes1 #ace4 ,oil-scrap+1 z a?letic motive1 #ace;f4 ,o9o&a1 base ( victor /atue f1 #cga4 ,o9omaos1 *>iot-race ) ,pelops1 #ad1 #bei2 column at ,olympia1 #cbc1 #cej1 #cea4 ,olaidas1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db4 ,old ,k+dom1 ,egypt1 dates (1 #ccj & note #c2 sculptures (1 #ccj4 ,olive1 cr[n (1 z prize at ,olympia1 #aee;f42 ( 8,fair ,cr[n10 at ,olympia1 #bj1 #cea2 wild1 #bj4 ,olympia1 acc\nt ( monum5ts at1 by ,pausanias1 #bd2 age ( boy victors at1 #ahi2 antiquity (1 f excavations & religi\s hi/ory1 #af2 a?letes at1 divid$ into two classes1 by ages1 #ahi2 box] head f1 #fb2 celebrat$ e f\r ye>s1 #ae2 controll$ by ,eleans alone aft] ,p]sian w>s1 #ae2 e>ly controll$ by ,pisa1 #ae2 e>ly ov]%ad[$ by ,delphi & ,delos1 #ad1 #ae2 f\nd$ be=e ,dorian invasion1 #ad2 fun]al orig9 (1 #i2 ,g]man excavations at1 #dc2 hi/ory (1 #ad2 held 9 honor ( a god1 #i2 held 9 honor ( ,pelops1 #aj2 importance (1 f sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 #ae2 lat] controll$ by ,pisa & ,elis1 #ae2 prehi/oric build+s at1 #af1 #cdi2 sacrifices at1 to ,pelops & ,zeus1 #aa2 z sanctu>y prior to adv5t ( ,a*ans1 #ad2 /yle ( head ( a?lete 7,phil&ridas7 f1 #bic;f42 /yle ( gable /atues f1 #aac1 #aad2 traditional hi/ory (1 by ,pausanias & ,/rabo1 #ae2 two figures f ,we/ gable ( temple ( ,zeus f1 #aie2 victor /atues 9 ,altis at1 #bf2 etc4 ,olympia regi/]1 #ae4 ,olympiad1 fir/ dat$1 #ae2 traditional fir/1 #h2 ! #h?1 #cd?1 #ajd?1 #baa?1 omitt$ f ,elean regi/]1 #cfi4 ,olympieion1 /atue f ru9s (1 #adc4 ,olympos1 sculptor1 #abj4 ,omphalos1 f ,a!ns1 #hi4 ,onatas1 sculptor1 #abb2 gr\p ( ,opis at ,delphi by1 #abe2 inscrib$ base f ,akropolis1 #bd1 #bha2 ,onatas & ,ea/ gable /atues f temple on ,aeg9a1 #abe2 ,onatas & ,kalamis1 #abi1 #bfd2 works (1 at ,olympia1 #abb1 #bfg4 ,onoma/os1 games (1 at ,cumae1 #bj4 ,onoma/os1 ( ,smyrna1 in/itutes box+ rules at ,olympia1 #bce4 ,opheltes1 #aj4 ,opis1 gr\p (1 at ,delphi1 by ,onatas1 #abe4 ,opportunity 771 alt> at ,olympia1 #gf2 /atue by ,lysippos1 #bej4 ,or*om5os1 8,apollo0 f1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajc1 #cbh1 #ccd2 ceil+ ( treasury (1 #cbi4 ,ore/es1 z 8 own *>iote]1 #bfg4 ,ori5tal influ5ce on e>ly ,greek art1 #cbh;f4 ,orig9als ( victor /atues at ,olympia1 #fb;f41 #cbb4 ,orpheus & ,telete1 victor gr\p on ,helikon1 #bhd4 ,orsippos1 fir/ a?lete to drop ! lo9-clo?1 #dg4 ,o/halle1 !1 at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,ov]beck1 ,j41 on ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec2 on head ( hoplitodromos f ,olympia1 #afc2 on heads ( ,apollo1 #bge2 on ,lysippos z exclusively a bronze f\nd]1 #cjb2 on ,olympia sculptures1 #aad2 on ,piomb9o /atuette1 #aai2 ,s*riftquell5 (1 #fa2 on ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 #gf4 ,oxylos1 ,k+ ( ,dorian ,eleans1 #ae4 ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri1 !1 #ca2 ord] ( conte/ants at ,olympia 91 #ahi4 ,paianios1 /atue at ,olympia1 #bcd4 ,paidotribes1 or tra9] ( a?letes1 #bbi1 #bcf1 #bdh4 ,pa9t1 us$ on sculptures1 #cbf4 ,pa9t+1 competition 91 at ,delphi1 #be4 ,pa9t+s1 z victor monum5ts1 #bh4 ,paionios1 sculptor1 #aac2 ! 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,idol9o f\nd at1 #ada4 ,petasos1 z attribute ( ,h]mes1 #ajh1 #bjg1 note #a1 etc4 ,pet] ci/a1 !1 9 ,vatican1 #bdc4 ,pet]s51 ,e41 on ,kyniskos' /atue1 #aei2 on ,py?okles' /atue base1 #bab4 ,petrograd1 head ( a?lete 91 #ahj2 etc4 ,petwor? ,h\se1 ,sussex1 ,kresilan head ( a?lete 91 #ade2 /atue ( ephebe 91 #acc4 ,phai/os1 !atral area at1 #c4 ,phanas1 head ascrib$ to1 #afc2 /atue at ,olympia1 #ajf1 #cee4 ,ph>salos1 home ( ,dao*os1 #bhf2 /atue base ( ! ,agias at1 #cjc4 ,phallos1 record diskos-?r[ (1 #baf2 record jump (1 #baf2 /atue at ,delphi1 #bf4 ,pheidias1 #cf1 #aaj2 goddess types (1 #ec2 ideal t5d5cy (1 #aeb2 relation (1 to ,diad\m5os ,f>nese1 #aea2 relation (1 to ,h]mes ,ludovisi1 #he2 /atue ( boy cr[n+ himself at ,olympia by1 #aej;f4 ,pheidippides1 runn]1 #bji4 ,pheidolas1 sons (1 monum5t at ,olympia1 #bc1 #bgi4 ,pheidon1 k+ ( ,argos1 #ae4 ,ph5eus1 games at1 #gf4 ,ph]5ike1 "m ( ,peisirhodos1 #dg1 #di4 ,phigalia1 victor /atue ( ,arrha*ion 9 m>ket-place (1 #cbf4 ,phil&ridas1 date ( victory (1 #cjj2 head f /atue (1 at ,olympia1 by ,lysippos1 id5tifi$1 #bic;f42 head call$ y\?ful ,h]akles by "s1 #big2 comp>$ ) head ( boy a?lete f ,sp>ta1 #caf;f42 cru%$ e> (1 #afh2 location (1 9 ,altis1 #cjj2 "u life-size1 #df4 ,philesian ,apollo1 ( eld] ,kana*os1 #gd1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aah-abj1 #ccf & note #a2 8d\ble0 (1 9 ,!bes1 #cjd4 ,phil9os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cj1 #ee4 ,philios1 ,d41 on dy+ hoplite relief1 s-call$1 #bji4 ,philip ,,ii1 k+ ( ,mac$on1 co9 (1 %[+ victori\s jockey ) palm-bran*1 #bhj2 co9s (1 %[+ ,a!nian type ( *>iot1 #bfc2 eque/rian victor at ,olympia1 #beg1 #bfc4 ,philippeion1 !1 at ,olympia1 #cec1 #cee1 #cef1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,philippopolis1 co9 (1 #gh4 ,philippos1 ( ,kroton1 ,olympic victor1 h]on (1 at ,ege/a1 #ce1 #eg1 #cfc4 ,philippos1 ( ,pell5e1 inscrib$ bronze plate f victor /atue base at ,olympia1 #bdd;f4 ,phili/os1 monum5t base at ,olympia1 #ceg4 ,phill51 or ,philys1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdd4 ,philon1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abb4 ,philonides1 c\ri] ( ,alex&]1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db1 #cdf1 #cef1 #cei4 ,philonides1 sculptor1 #aji1 #bff4 ,philonikos1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,philokrates1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cfh4 ,philoktetes1 9 ,sophokles' drama1 ! ,philoctetes1 #ei4 ,philo/ratos1 ( ,rhodes1 adv]s>y ( ,/raton at ,olympia1 #cd4 ,philo/ratos1 on a?letes we>+ co>se mantle1 #dg2 on ,eleans all[+ /rangl+ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 on jump+-weights1 #bae1 #baf2 on me?od ( putt+ on box+ ?ongs1 #bcf2 on omitt$ #baa? ,olympiad1 #cfi2 on pankration z 8faire/ ( conte/s10 #bdf2 on prohibition aga9/ bit+ & g\g+ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 on reason = nudity ( ,olympic a?letes1 #dg2 on ,sp>tans all[+ bit+ & g\g+ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 on /atue ( ,milo1 #ajf1 #ccg2 on /yle ( long race1 #aid2 on reason = ,py?ian air be+ play$ at p5ta?lon1 #bhe4 ,philotimos1 sculptor1 #abc1 #bfd1 #bfh1 #bgi4 ,phil\m5os1 inscription f base ( /atue (1 #cga4 ,philys2 see ,phill54 ,phlegon1 on olive cr[n1 #bj4 ,phnicians1 !1 transmit ,assyrian & ,egyptian designs to ,greece1 #ccj4 ,phokis1 conf$]acy (1 sets up /atue at ,olympia1 #cj4 ,phormis1 (f]+ at ,olympia1 #bh1 #fb1 #afc1 #bfd4 ,phory/as1 base ( /atue f ,tanagra1 #cfh4 ,phradmon1 sculptor1 #aag4 ,phrikias1 head ascrib$ to1 #afb1 #afc1 #cec2 /atue at ,olympia1 #ajf4 ,phrixos1 on %ield relief1 #afb4 ,physical diff]5ces1 9 a?letes1 #ei4 ,piankhi1 ,k+ ( ,ae?iopia & invad] ( ,egypt1 #cca4 ,pictorial hair te*nique1 #ec4 ,p9ako!ke1 !1 at ,a!ns1 #bi4 ,p9ax1 ( victresses at ! 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c5tury ,b4 ,c41 #acd2 z bronze work]1 #cjc2 delicate male types (1 #big2 hair te*nique (1 #ec2 head-type (1 #gg1 #cji2 ,praxiteles & boy a?lete head f ,sp>ta1 #cje1 #caa2 ,praxiteles & ,kalamis1 *>iot-gr\p by1 #bfh2 ,praxiteles & ,phil&ridas head f ,olympia1 #bic2 ,praxiteles & ,skopas diff]5tiat$1 #caa2 /atue ( a by1 #aca4 ,pray]1 z motive 9 votive monum5ts1 #acj2 position ( h&s 9 ,greek1 #acb2 /atue ( y\? repres5t$ 91 f ,c>9?ia1 #aca2 /atue ( y\? repres5t$ 91 ,b]l91 #aca2 /atuette ( y\? repres5t$ 91 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #acb1 #acc4 ,pray+ ,boy1 !1 /atue s-call$1 9 ,b]l91 #aca1 #acb4 ,preun]1 ,e41 on inscription f /atue base 9 ,ph>salos1 #bhf1 #cag1 #cah1 #cfc4 ,pri/ae1 by ,myron1 #ahh4 ,prizes1 on *e/ ( ,kypselos1 #ac2 at conte/s ( beauty1 #eg2 e>ly a?lete1 #ah;f42 at games ( ,azan1 #i2 at games ( ,patroklos1 #ai4 ,processional entrance1 !1 ( ! ,altis1 #cdg4 ,processional way1 !1 ( ! ,altis1 #cdh1 #cdi1 #cej4 ,pr(essionalism 9 a?letics1 at ,olympia1 #cfa2 prote/s aga9/1 #cf1 #cg4 ,pr(ile1 fir/ example ( ,greek1 #aaf4 ,prokles1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cde1 #cdf4 ,proma*os1 /atues at ,olympia & ,pell5e1 #ca1 #cjd1 #cbc1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cfg4 ,proportio1 9 ,greek art1 #ff4 ,proportions1 canons (1 #fe;f42 9 ,egyptian art1 #fg2 ,frits* on1 ( body1 #fg2 ,kalkmann on1 ( face1 #fg4 ,prose writ]s1 /atues at ,olympia1 #bhe4 ,protog5es1 a?lete pa9t$ by1 #bi4 ,protolaos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #agi1 #ceb4 ,prytaneion1 !1 9 ,a!ns1 victors eat at public exp5se at1 #cb2 !1 9 ,olympia1 #bii1 #cdb1 #cee1 #cef1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cei1 #cfj4 ,psammeti*os1 tyrant ( ,cor9?1 #ag4 ,pseudo-,&okides1 #cfc4 ,pseudo-,plut>*1 on /atue ( ,isokrates at ,a!ns1 #bd & note #aa1 #bg & note #d1 #bha1 #cgc4 ,ptoion1 ,m\nt1 /atues ( 8,apollo0 f1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ccd2 tripods 9 temple ( ,apollo on1 #ai4 ,ptolemy1 ,gymnasion at ,a!ns1 #aff4 ,ptoli*os1 sculptor1 #fa1 #abb4 ,pu*/e91 ,o41 on location ( ,great ,alt> ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 #cdi4 ,pummel+1 all[$ 9 pankration1 #bdf4 ,pyanepsion1 mon? (1 #ah4 ,pyrilampes1 /atue at ,olympia1 #cdc1 #cdf1 #cec4 ,py?agoras1 sculptor1 #ach1 #agh;f41 #cfd1 #cge2 dat$ by ,pl9y1 #fa2 fir/ to aim at rhy?m & symmetry1 #fg1 #agi2 fir/ to express s9ews & ve9s1 #ach2 ,py?agoras & ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #hi2 ,py?agoras & ,delphi ,*>iote]1 #bgh2 ,py?agoras & ,myron1 #aha1 #bde2 ,py?agoras & ,tux bronze1 #bjg2 /atue ( ,delphic pancratia/ by1 #bf1 #agh1 #ahb2 /atue ( mala f]5s nudus by1 #ajg2 /yle (1 #agi2 victor /atues at ,olympia1 by1 #cf1 #fb1 #afa1 #agh;f41 #bfh4 ,py!os1 see ,py?is4 ,py!s1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db4 ,py?ia1 !1 fe/ival at ,delphi1 #af1 #ag2 z a?letic meet1 inf]ior to ,nemea & ,i/hmia1 #bd1 #be2 z fe/ival1 second to ,olympia1 #bd2 9 honor ( ! ,py?on1 #aj2 /atue ( victor at1 9 ,a!ns1 #bg4 ,see ,delphi4 ,py?ian air1 play$ at p5ta?lon1 #hh1 #bhe4 ,py?ian ,apollo1 !1 /atue (1 #ccj1 #ccd4 ,py?is1 or ,py!os1 ar*itect1 #bfd4 ,py?on1 !1 at ,delphi1 #aj1 #be4 ,py?okles1 replicas ( /atues (1 #bab;f42 /atue (1 at ,olympia1 #ic1 #aag1 #aei & note #c1 #baa1 #bab1 #cdc4 ,py?okritos1 fluti/1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db1 #bhe1 #ceb4 ,py?okritos1 sculptor1 #bdd4 ,pyxis1 f ,knossos1 #g4 ,quadrigae1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 #bfd4 ,see ,*>iot-race4 ,quatremre de ,qu9cy1 on ,borghese ,w>rior1 #bjh4 8,quiet gr&eur0 7/ille ,grosse7 ( ,greek ,art1 #eg4 ,qu9tilian1 on art1 #fa2 on ! ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 #gj1 #bbf2 on ! ,diskobolos ( ,myron1 #ahg4 ,qu9tus ,smyrnu1 on jump+ among ! ,trojans1 #bad4 ,quiv]1 on ,torlonia copy ( ! ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #hi4 ,quoit2 see ,diskos4 ,ram-(f]]1 /atue by ,naukydes1 #gh4 ,ramp9 head1 ( ,l\vre1 #abf1 #abh1 #agf2 hair te*nique (1 #ec4 ,ra-nef]1 lime/one /atue 9 ,cairo1 #ccj4 ,rayet1 on ,borghese ,w>rior1 #bjh4 ,rayet-,jacobs5 head1 s-call$1 9 ,cop5hag51 #abg1 #abh1 #afg1 #ccg4 ,realism 9 ,greek art1 #ef1 #eg1 #adf;f42 9 ,greek portraiture1 #ef1 #eg4 ,recon/ruction ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #dc;f4 ,re9a*1 ,s41 on bronze /atue ( y\? f ,antiky!ra1 #hc2 on /one /atues be+ plac$ "u cov]1 #cbe4 ,re9a*1 ,?41 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #ha4 ,reis*1 ,e41 on javel9-?r[]s 9 sculpture1 #bbd2 on ,pl9y's pu] t55s tabellam & malaf]5s nudus1 #aha2 on /atue ( ,eu?ymos at ,olympia1 #ahc2 on votive "* ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #ci4 ,reliefs1 ( akonti/ai1 f ,sp>ta1 #bbc2 ,amphi>aos1 #bgc2 apobates *>iot race1 #bgb2 ,apollo1 ,artemis1 & ,leto1 9 ,l\vre1 #bhd2 ,ari/ion1 #abd1 #abg2 ,boreas1 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #aid2 box]s1 9 ,lat]an1 #bch2 boy cr[n+ self1 #aee2 box]1 on bronze %ield1 f ,m\nt ,ida1 ,crete1 #bce2 cap1 9 ,rome1 #aff2 *>iote]1 f ,akropolis1 #abh2 *>iote] m\nt+ *>iot1 #bfi2 *>iots1 f ,crete1 #bfb2 ,d]mys & ,kitylos1 f ,tanagra1 #cce2 ,diosk\roi1 set up by ,ais*ylos1 #if1 #ig2 ,diosk\roi1 9 ,london1 #ig2 f ,dipylon1 #aef2 diskobolos1 f ,dipylon1 #abg2 dy+ hoplite1 f ,a!ns1 #aid1 #bji2 f\r-horse *>iot1 #bfh1 #bfi2 fun]>y1 f ,tanagra1 #gb2 fun]>y1 f ,a!ns1 #ff2 f ,halim\s1 #bdi2 ,h]mes1 fragm5t f ,a!ns1 #bgj2 hoplite runn]s1 f ,t>5tum1 #if2 horse cr[n$ by ,nike1 f ,a!ns1 #bfi2 horseman1 f ,a!ns1 #bha2 horse-rac]1 f ,sicily1 #bha2 horse-rac] f ,!ra1 #bha2 horse-rac] lead+ horse1 f ,a!ns1 #bha2 jump+-weights1 f ,sp>ta1 #afd2 f ,klazom5ai1 #bfd1 #bfh2 f ,kleitor1 #acb2 f ,knossos1 #c1 #d2 f ,lamia1 #acb2 f ,loeb collection1 ,muni*1 #aid2 f ,nemea1 #acb2 pal/ra victor1 f ,delphi1 #ach2 9 honor ( ,pamphilos & ,alex&ros1 9 ,v]ona1 #ig2 %[+ poses ( victor /atues1 #dd2 z victor monum5ts1 #bh2 w>-*>iots1 f ,myc51 #bfb4 ,religion & ,greek a?letics1 #ad4 ,remnants ( victor /atues at ,olympia1 #dc4 ,r5aissance1 !1 #d2 bronze copies ( ,sp9>io f p]iod (1 #bjb4 8,repose0 ( ,greek art1 #eg4 8,re/0 leg1 motive 9 sculpture1 #aji4 ,re/+ aft] conte/1 a?letic motive1 #add4 ,rew>ds1 money1 ( victors at ,a!ns1 #cb4 ,rhamn\s1 ! ,nemesis ( ,agorakritos at1 #ahb4 ,rhegion1 ,anaxilas1 tyrant (1 #bgh2 co9s (1 %[+ mule-c>1 #bfc4 ,rhetoric1 !1 ( ,ari/otle1 #eh2 inscrib$ base ( ,olympic victor m5tion$ 91 #cfg4 ,rhexibios1 wood /atue at ,olympia1 #ajf1 #ccb1 #cbf1 #ccg1 #cea2 wrongly call$ olde/ at ,olympia by ,pausanias1 #ccc4 ,rhodes1 sc5e ( fight+ combatants1 9 art (1 #agh2 tripods 9 honor ( ,dionysos at1 #ai2 ,zan at ,olympia1 set up by1 #cd4 ,rhoikos1 bronze f\nd]1 date (1 #cba2 family (1 #ccj4 ,see also ,telekles & ,!odoros4 ,rh\phos1 ,klaudios 7,rufus1 ,claudius71 /atue 9 ,rome1 #cga4 ,rhy?m1 def9ition (1 #ff2 9 ,greek ,art1 #ff4 ,ricc>di head1 #afi1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahc4 ,ri*>dson1 ,r4 ,b41 on bronze head f ,akropolis1 #aad2 on ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec1 #bed4 ,ri*t]1 ,g41 on /atuette ( diskobolos 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #bbj & note #e4 ,ridd]1 ,a4 de1 on ,tux bronze1 #bjg2 on two /atuettes ( diskoboloi f ,akropolis1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,rob]t1 ,c41 on ,diad\m5os ( ,pheidias1 #aej;f42 on date ( victor ,kyniskos1 #afj4 ,rob9son1 ,d4 ,m41 #bfg4 ,rob9son1 ,e41 on ,*>iote] 7871 9 ,bo/on1 #bge2 on head ( ,h]mes1 9 ,bo/on1 #he2 etc4 ,roehl1 ,h41 on inscription ref]r$ to /atue ( ,milo1 #ch4 ,roman copies ( victor /atues1 on1 #dd2 no copy prov$ to be ( victor /atue1 #afj2 on ,roman patrons ( art1 #dd4 ,ross1 ,l41 on inscrib$ base f /atue ( ,epi*>9os1 #cgb4 ,ro?s*ild1 ,e4 de1 bronze copy ( ,sp9>io1 9 ,p>is collection (1 #bjb4 ,r\se1 ,w4 ,d41 on votive "* ( victor /atues at ,olympia1 #ci1 #dj4 ,r\tes1 ( ,pausanias 9 ! ,altis2 see ,ephodoi4 ,runn]s1 diff]5ce 9 /yle ( v>i\s1 %[n by vase-pa9t+s1 #aic1 #aid2 on ,pana!naic amphor1 #ajf1 #aid2 repres5t$ z runn+ ) b5t knee1 #aid2 /atues ( boy1 #bjj;f42 /atues (1 f ,velletri1 9 ,rome1 #aih1 #aii2 /atues (1 )\t special attributes1 #agj4 ,runn+ race 771 v>i\s k9ds (1 #aij;f42 9 my?ology1 #aij2 numb] ( victors 91 nam$ by ,pausanias1 #aic2 orig9 (1 at ,eleusis1 #aij2 "p ( all ,greek games & ex]cises1 #aij4 ,see ,d\ble foot-race1 ,hoplite-race1 ,long race1 ,/ade-race4 ,sab\r(f collection1 head f1 #abh4 ,sacr$ w>1 !1 #ag4 ,sakadas1 fluti/1 /atue (1 #bhd4 ,salamis1 ,aeg9etans at battle (1 #abe2 date ( battle (1 #abe4 ,salis1 ,a4 von1 on /atue f ,olympieion1 #adc4 ,salutation1 attitude (1 to a div9ity1 9 /atuette 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #acc4 ,s&al-b9d]1 /atue (1 s-call$1 ) copies1 #hf1 #hg1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,s&al-b9d+1 motive (1 orig9ates ) ,lysippos1 #hf4 ,s&als1 worn by *>iote]s1 #dh4 ,santa ,m>9ella1 /atue f1 9 ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 #cad4 ,s>apion1 flees adv]s>y & is f9$1 #cd2 two /atues 9 ,elis1 #cgj4 ,satrap ,s>cophagus1 s-call$1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #bgf4 ,satyr1 ( ,praxiteles1 call$ ,p]ibotos1 #add2 /atue (1 9 ,dresd51 #add4 ,sawy]s 787 7pri/ae71 gr\p by ,myron1 #ahh4 ,sc>ab1 *alc$ony1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ach4 ,s*aef]1 ,a41 on /atue ( ,kylon on ,akropolis1 #cfb4 ,s*]]1 ,*r41 on exclusive use ( bronze 9 ,olympic victor /atues1 #cba2 on 8iconic0 /atues ( ,pl9y1 #ed2 on ,milo's /atue at ,olympia1 #ajg2 on positions ( victor /atues at ,olympia1 #cdj4 ,s*]ia1 games on1 #baj4 ,s*naase1 on ,f>nese ,h]akles1 #bec4 ,s*ob]1 ,a41 on ,p]9?os & alli$ heads1 #aha4 ,s*oell1 ,r41 on votive "* ( victor monum5ts1 #ci4 ,s*olia/s1 /atem5ts (1 on victor /atues at ,olympia1 #dc4 ,s*rad]1 ,h41 on ,attic relief f ! ,akropolis1 #bga4 ,s*reib]1 ,t41 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #ij4 ,s*wabe1 ,l41 on ,tux bronze1 #bjg4 ,sci>ra bronze1 /atuette s-call$1 9 ,rome1 #aai4 ,scrap]2 see ,/rigil4 ,sculptors1 ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #cf2 /ati/ics (1 #cge4 ,sculptura1 def9ition (1 f ,pl9y1 #cjb4 ,sculpture1 ,greek1 aft] ,p]sian ,w>s1 #bgh2 anci5t criticism (1 #eh;f42 evolution (1 on traditional l9es1 #fg2 k (1 necess>y 9 recon/ruct+ ,olympic victor /atues1 #dd4 ,sea-mon/]s 787 7pri/es71 gr\p by ,myron1 #ahh4 ,seasons1 alt> at ,olympia1 #cea4 ,seat$ ,box]1 /atue ( !1 9 ,museo delle ,t]me1 ,rome1 #ade;f41 #afh2 realism (1 #eg1 #bed4 ,see-saw 787 7pri/ae871 gr\p by ,myron1 #ahh4 ,seleados1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cdf4 ,seleukos ,i1 date ( f\nd+ ,antio* by1 #aba4 ,sel9os1 co9s (1 %[+ cel]y wrea?1 #ba2 temple ,e at1 #aad4 ,sell]s1 ,eugnie2 see ,/rong1 ,mrs4 ,eugnie4 ,sell+ out1 examples at ,olympia1 #cc4 ,s]aglio1 ,old1 manuscript f !1 #beh4 ,s]ambos1 sculptor1 #abc4 ,%ad[-fight+2 see ,sp>r+4 ,%eik-el-,bel$1 !2 see ,ka-ap]1 /atue (4 ,%ield1 z attribute ( hoplitodromoi1 #afa2 z prize at ,argive ,h]aia1 #ba2 #be bronze ones kept 9 temple ( ,zeus = ,olympic hoplite runn]s1 #bb4 ,siamese1 fun]al games among1 #ab4 ,sicily1 cities (1 honor victors1 #ce2 co9s (1 %[+ rac+ *>iots1 #bfb1 #bfc2 ,greeks (1 fond ( hippodrome conte/s1 #beh2 pr9ces (1 z victors at ,olympia1 #ceg2 s*ool ( sculpture (1 #aad4 ,sidon1 ,alex&] ,s>cophagus f1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #bge2 ,satrap ,s>cophagus f1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #bgf4 ,sikyon1 a?letic s*ool ( sculptors f1 #eh1 #aah;f4 ,sikyonians1 treasury (1 at ,olympia1 #da1 #bfe4 ,silanion1 sculptor1 #abi4 ,silv] b[l1 z prize at games ( ,patroklos1 #ai2 silv] cups1 z prizes at ,sikyonian ,py?ian games1 #bj4 ,simon1 sculptor1 #bfd1 #bfh4 ,simonides1 ( ,keos1 #cf1 #dg1 #baj4 ,s++1 competition 91 at ,delphi1 #be4 ,s+le-combat1 betwe5 ,ajax & ,diom$es1 9 ,iliad1 #h4 ,six1 ,j41 on ,borghese ,w>rior1 #bjh2 on /atue ( ,h]molykos on ,akropolis1 #cgc4 ,size ( victor /atues1 #de;f4 ,sk5oma 771 !1 at ,sp>ta1 #cfg4 ,skopas1 sculptor1 #cf2 *>act]i/ics (1 #caa2 head 9 /yle (1 9 ,capitol9e ,museum1 ,rome1 #afi2 head-type (1 #gg2 influ5ce on ! ,agias1 #bia2 int5se expression (1 #cjg2 ,kalli/ratos on1 #cji2 k (1 rec5tly augm5t$1 #bhf2 z ma/] ( expression ( passion1 #cji2 ,phil&ridas head wrongly ascrib$ to1 #bic2 ,skopas & boy a?lete head f ,sp>ta1 #cje2 ,skopas & ,lysippos comp>$1 #caa;f41 #cae2 /yle (1 f ,tegea heads1 #cjf4 ,skrip\1 conv5t (1 #ccd4 ,skyllis1 sculptor1 #abb1 #ccd4 ,see also ,dipo9os4 ,skyros1 #ah4 ,sl+s = diskoi1 on r4-f4 vase1 #afd4 ,smiky?os2 see ,miky?os4 ,smile1 9 ar*aic sculpture1 #ajj1 #abf4 ,smi?1 ,a4 ,h41 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #hi1 #ij2 on a?lete /atue f ,palazzo ,f>nese1 ,rome1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #bic4 ,snail-volute1 hair te*nique1 #ec4 ,snat*]1 !1 f ,ea/ gable1 temple ( ,aeg9a1 #abe4 ,sodamas1 /atue at ,olympia1 #ced4 ,sogliano1 ,a41 on box] /atue f ,sorr5to1 #bdc4 ,sokrates1 philosoph]1 condemns 8mimetic0 arts1 #eh2 on physical developm5t ( runn]s & box]s1 #ei2 visit (1 to sculptor ,kleito1 #ei4 ,sokrates1 victor2 see ,sosikrates4 ,solon1 assigns money prizes to ,olympic & ,i/hmian victors1 #be1 #cb4 ,solos1 ?r[+ (1 9 ,iliad1 #h2 z type ( diskos1 #bah4 ,somze ,collection1 a?lete f !1 #agf1 #bea4 ,songs1 9 honor ( victors1 #cd4 ,sophios1 /atue at ,olympia1 #bii1 #cdb4 ,sophokles1 ,tra*9iae (1 #cah4 ,sorr5to1 /atue ( box] f1 by ,koblanos1 #bdb4 ,sosikrates 7or ,sokrates71 victor /atue (1 at ,olympia1 #bjj1 #cdd4 ,so/ratos1 dates ( ,olympic victories (1 #cjj2 inscrib$ base f /atue1 at ,delphi1 #bdi2 /atue at ,olympia1 #ee2 surnam$ 1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,sotades1 ,olympic victor1 brib$ & exil$1 #cc4 ,s\!a/ ,build+1 !1 at ,olympia1 #cdd4 ,sp>r+1 prelim9>y1 call$ 9 box+ & pankration1 #bdh & note #d2 depict$ on ,ficoroni ci/a 9 ,rome1 #bdc2 depict$ on ,pet] ci/a 9 ,rome1 #bdc2 z motive ( box] /atues1 #bdc2 z motive ( /atuette ( box] 9 ,vatican1 #bdc2 z motive ( m>ble torso 9 ,b]l91 #bdc2 prelim9>y 9 pankration1 #bdh2 call$ 7to %ad[-fight71 9 box+1 #abb1 #bdc & note #d4 ,sp>ta1 ,akropolis1 (1 #cje2 ,dionysia at1 #ej2 at1 #cji2 fun]al games at1 9 honor ( ,leonidas & ,pausanias1 #aa2 head ( /atue ( boy f1 #cje;f42 at1 #cfg4 ,sp>tans1 all[ bit+ & g\g+ 9 pankration1 #bdf2 ball-play+ among1 #hd2 z box]s1 #afg2 box+ (1 9 ,plato1 #afg2 exclud$ f ,olympia on c]ta9 ,olympiads1 #ca2 girls conte/ ) boys1 #di2 physical ex]cise among1 #a2 sacrifice to ,apollo ! ,runn]1 #hh2 y\?s d$icate (f]+s to ,eros 9 conte/ ( beauty1 #eg4 ,spe>1 ca/+ (1 at games ( ,patroklos1 #h4 ,sphairians 771 title ( ,sp>tan y\?s1 #hd1 #cai4 ,sp9>io1 !1 /atue 9 ,rome1 #bja;f42 z example ( asymmetry1 #gj2 imitations ( orig9al (1 #bjb4 ,splan*noptes1 /atue (1 by ,/yphax1 #adc4 ,sponges1 %[n on r4-f4 kylix1 #afd4 ,spr+-bo>d1 n us$ 9 ,greek jump+1 #baf4 ,/ackelb]g1 ,o4 von1 travel+ j\rnal (1 #bhf1 #cff4 ,/ade-race 71 71 #aij;f42 fir/ ev5t at ,olympia & at ! ,pana!naia1 #aia2 = boys1 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #aia2 ! olde/ 787 ev5t at ,olympia1 #aia2 victor 91 eponymus at ,olympia1 #cg2 wrongly reg>d$ z *ief ev5t at ,olympia1 #aia4 ,/adia1 abs5t 9 ,hom]1 #g4 ,/adion1 !1 at ,olympia1 #beh1 #cei1 #cfj4 ,/as1 ,v41 on ,h]mes ( ,&ros1 #ga2 on two /atuettes ( diskoboloi f ,akropolis1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,/amnos1 r4-f41 f ,etruria1 9 ,vi5na1 #acb4 ,/&>d ( physical developm5t uni=m 9 fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 #adg;f4 ,/&+ ,diskobolos1 ! /atue 9 ,vatican1 #gf;f42 pose (1 #bai1 #bbj2 replica (1 #gg4 ,/&+ ,h]mes1 !1 /atue 9 ,vatican1 #gb4 8,/&-motif10 ,polykleitan1 #hb4 8,/>t]s ( ! race10 epi!ts ( ,ka/or & ,polydeukes at ,sp>ta1 #if4 ,/ass(f1 on suppos$ ,ori5tal orig9 ( javel9-?r[+1 #bbb4 ,/atuettes1 ( ivory acrobats1 f ,knossos1 #c2 akonti/ai1 two bronze1 #bbg1 #bbh2 ,apollo1 f ,naxos1 9 ,b]l91 #gd1 #aai2 ,apollo 7,payne ,knight71 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ajh1 #aai2 ,apollo1 f ,piomb9o1 9 ,l\vre1 #aah2 ,apollo1 f ,palazzo ,sci>ra1 ,rome1 #aai2 apoxyom5os1 9 ,loeb collection1 ,muni*1 #acf2 a?lete1 ar*aic1 f ,delphi1 #bh2 a?lete1 f ,lig\ri1 #aje1 #aaa1 #aad2 a?lete1 9 ,l\vre1 #bac1 #bad2 box]1 f ,akropolis1 #bh2 box]1 f ,corfu1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #if2 box]1 f ,olympia1 #bh1 #bdd2 box]1 9 ,vatican ,museum1 #bdc2 diad\m5os1 t]ra cotta f ,smyrna1 9 ,london1 #aed2 diad\m5os1 f ,akropolis1 #aee2 diskoboloi1 #bh1 #bah;f42 diskoboloi1 two bronze1 f ,akropolis1 #bbb2 diskoboloi1 gr\p 9 ,loeb collection1 ,muni* #bcb1 #bcc2 diskobolos1 9 ,b]l91 #bba2 diskobolos1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #bba2 diskobolos1 f cov] ( lebes1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #bba2 diskobolos1 f ! ,kabeirion1 #bh2 diskobolos1 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #bbj1 #bba2 girl runn]1 f ,dodona1 #bh2 girl extract+ ?orn1 t]ra cotta f ,nida-,hadd]nheim1 #bjb2 ,h]akles or victor1 9 ,b]l91 #if2 ,h]akles1 or victors1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #if2 ,h]mes ,diskobolos1 f sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #gh1 #gi2 hoplitodrome1 f ,capua1 9 ,vi5na1 #bjg2 hoplitodrome1 ,tux bronze1 9 ,tueb+51 #bh2 horse-rac]1 f ,dodona1 #bh1 #bha2 horse-rac]1 9 ,loeb collection1 ,muni*1 #bhb2 horse-rac]1 f ,volubilis1 #bha2 horse-rac]s1 f ,olympia1 #bd2 oil-p\r]1 f ,s4 ,italy1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ace2 oil-p\r]s1 t]ra cottas f ,myr9a1 #ace2 pancratia/1 f ,autun1 9 ,l\vre1 #bdi;f42 pray+ boys1 two bronze1 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #acb1 #acc2 sacrific]1 f ,dodona1 #adc2 trumpet]1 f ,sp>ta1 #bhc2 w>rior1 f ,dodona1 #abf2 wre/l]s1 gr\p f ,akropolis1 #bh2 wre/l]s1 gr\p 9 ,loeb ,collection1 ,muni*1 #bcb2 /atuettes 9 motion1 f ,egyptian art1 #agg2 9 ,p>is & ,rome1 %[+ motive ( /atue ( ,x5okles1 #ach1 #aci4 ,/el1 9 honor ( victors1 #dj4 ,/ephanos1 sculptor1 /atue by1 #aaa;f4 8,/olid0 gr\p ( s-call$ 8,apollo0 /atues1 #ajj4 ,/oma* ?r[1 9 pankration1 #bdg4 ,/omios1 fam\s p5ta?lete1 #ei2 /atue (1 at ,olympia1 #db4 ,/one1 us$ 9 ,olympic victor /atues1 #cbc;f4 ,/rabo1 on orig9 ( ,olympic games1 #ae4 ,/rang=d ,apollo1 !1 /atue 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #abc1 #bdd4 ,/rangl+1 all[$ 9 pankration1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,/raton1 ,olympic victor1 #cd1 #ic4 ,/rigil1 or scrap] 771 us$ by a?letes z a common pal/ra attribute1 #ace1 #ach1 #bhh4 ,/rogan(f1 /atuette =m]ly 9 ,collection1 #aff4 ,/rong1 ,mrs4 ,eugnie 7ne ,sell]s71 on ,apollo head1 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #ib2 on ,b5ev5tum head1 9 ,l\vre1 #fc4 ,/udniczka1 ,f41 on ! gable /atues f ,olympia1 #aad2 on ! ,idol9o1 #ada2 on /atues ( ,!ag5es1 #cfd4 ,/yphax 7or ,/yppax71 sculptor1 #adc4 ,subiaco1 /atue ( kneel+ y\? f1 #aie2 date & int]pretation (1 #aie1 #aif4 ,succession1 conte/s (1 z explanation ( fun]>y games1 #ad4 ,su$we/bau2 see ,leonidaion4 ,svoronos1 ,j4 ,n41 on bronze arm f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #bcf2 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #hc2 on bronze /atuette f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #gi2 on ,delphi ,*>iote]1 #bgg2 on dy+ hoplite relief1 f ,a!ns1 #bji2 on ! ,idol9o1 #adb4 ,swoll5 e>1 z attribute ( victor /atues1 #afg;f42 n a det]m9+ di/9ction betwe5 heads ( a?letes & ,h]akles1 #big1 #cai1 #cbj2 on v>i\s heads ( a?letes1 gods1 & h]oes1 #afh;f4 ,symma*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj1 #cdb4 ,symmetry1 9 ,greek art1 #fe1 #ff2 ,pl9y & ,vitruvius on1 #ff4 ,symplegma1 gr\p repres5t+ a1 by ,kephisodotos1 #beb4 ,symposium1 ( ,x5ophon1 #ei4 ,syracuse1 co9s (1 repres5t+ ,nike ) tablet1 #ahb2 fun]al games at1 9 honor ( ,timoleon1 #aa2 ,hi]o & ,gelo1 k+s (1 #beg4 ,ta9ia1 or fillet1 z victor attribute1 #adh;f4 ,tanagra1 ephebe *os5 at1 = 8 beauty1 #eg2 grave-/ele f1 #gb4 ,t>5tum 7,t>as71 captur$ by ,q4 ,fabius ,maximus1 #bec2 co9s (1 %[+ apobates horse-rac]s1 #bhb4 ,t>sos1 a?lete head f1 #afh4 ,tegea1 excavations at temple ( ,a!na at1 #cjf2 heads f gable ( temple at1 #cjf2 heads f1 comp>$ ) small frieze f ,mausoleion1 #bge2 heads f1 comp>$ ) boy a?lete head f ,sp>ta1 #cje2 torso ( ! ,amazon f1 #cjf4 ,teisikrates1 *>iot victor1 at ,delphi1 #bfh4 ,teisikrates1 pancratia/1 inscrib$ base ( /atue (1 f ,delphi1 #bdi4 ,teisikrates1 ,!ban sculptor1 #cfh4 ,tektaios1 sculptor1 #abb1 #cjd1 #ccd1 #cce4 ,see also ,angelion4 ,telekles1 sculptor1 #ccj1 #ccd4 ,see also ,rhoikos & ,!odoros4 ,telema*os1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #cee2 /atue at ,olympia1 #aji1 #bff1 #cci1 #cde2 zone (1 at ,olympia1 #cde1 #cdf4 ,telephos1 battle ) ,a*illes1 9 ,tegea p$im5t1 #cjf2 9 gr\p1 on small frieze f ,p]gamon1 #bec2 9 gr\p1 9 ,vatican1 #ie4 ,telesikrates1 hoplite victor1 /atue at ,delphi1 #bf1 #afb4 ,tellon1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #bdj1 #cde2 /atue at ,olympia1 #ca1 #ceb4 ,temessa1 ,black ,_s (1 #ce4 ,tempe1 vale (1 z home ( laurel1 #ba4 ,temple1 spok5 ( z pro p]sona1 #bii4 ,t5ea1 8,apollo0 (1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajf1 #abg1 #cbg1 #ccf2 8,apollo0 (1 z runn]1 #adh2 necropolis (1 #ccg4 ,t5]ani1 sculptor1 #bhh4 ,tepemankh1 wood /atue 9 ,cairo1 #ccj4 ,t]race wall1 ,s\?1 at ,olympia1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,tetradra*m1 silv]1 9 honor ( ,olympic victory ( ,philip ,,ii1 #bhj4 ,?ali>*os1 base ( /atue (1 #ceh2 olde/ prose inscription mak+ an ,olympic victor /atue votive1 #ci4 ,?amyris1 victor /atue on ,helikon1 #bhd4 ,?>gelia1 !1 /atue ( boy victor at1 #bg4 ,?asos1 /atue ( ,!ag5es on1 #cfd2 temple ( ,apollo at ,alki on1 #ccf4 ,!ag5es1 ,olympic victor1 box+ mat* ) ,eu?ymos1 #bdg2 h]oiz$ aft] dea?1 #ce2 /atue at ,olympia1 #abb1 #bdd1 #cfd2 /ory ( /atue on ,?asos1 #cfd2 too we>i$ by box+ to ent] pankration1 #bdg2 wre/l+ mat* ) ,ae?iopian1 #beb4 ,!ekoleon1 !1 at ,olympia1 #cec1 #cee1 #ceg4 ,!o*re/os1 *>iot d$icat$ at ,olympia1 #bfe4 ,!odoros1 bronze f\nd]1 #cba1 #ccj1 #ccd4 ,see also ,rhoikos & ,telekles4 ,!odosius1 ,roman emp]or1 aboli%es ,olympic games1 #ae4 ,!ognetos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #fa1 #afe1 #ceb4 ,!opompos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #afa4 ,!opropos1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cfj4 ,!oros1 pa9t]1 #bi1 #acc4 ,!otimos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba4 ,!ra1 8,apollo0 (1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #cbg1 #ccg4 ,!rm1 !1 ( ,m4 ,agrippa1 ,rome1 #bhi4 ,!rmopyl1 battle (1 #ea4 ,!rsias1 fir/ victor 9 mule-race at ,olympia1 #bfa4 ,!rsilo*os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aag4 ,!rsonides1 base ( /atue f ,olympia1 #cef4 ,!seia1 !1 #ah2 boys at1 divid$ into ?ree classes1 #ahi4 ,!seus1 #ah2 conte/ (1 on ,delos1 9 honor ( ,apollo1 #afj2 z inv5tor ( box+1 #bce2 z inv5tor ( pankration1 #bdg2 /atues (1 9 gymnasia & pal/r1 #id2 ,!seus & ,k]kyon1 on metope ( ,!seion1 #bcb4 ,!ssalonika1 fun]al games at1 #aa4 ,!ssaly1 bull-grappl+ sport 91 #e4 ,?ong 71 am5tum71 ( javel91 #bbc4 ,?orn-pull]2 see ,sp9>io4 ,?orwalds51 sculptor1 re/ores ,aeg9a gable /atues1 #abc4 ,?racian ,*]sonesos1 games on1 #aa4 ,?rasyb\los1 drives fa!r's c> at ,delphi1 #bfg4 ,?rasyma*os 7or ,?rasym$es71 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,?reat5+ look ( victor /atues1 #ei4 ,?ukydides1 on ,diitrephes1 #cgc2 on krobylos hair-fa%ion1 #eb2 on lo9-clo? ( a?letes1 #dh2 on refuge ( ,k+ ,pausanias1 #cfg2 uses pancratia/s = dat+1 #aia4 ,tib]ius1 ,roman emp]or1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #ceg1 #ceh2 *>iot victor at ,olympia1 #bfa2 enamor$ ( ! ,apoxyom5os ( ,lysippos1 #bhi4 ,tilt+1 hold 9 pankration1 #bdg4 ,tima9etos1 pa9t]1 #bi4 ,timaios1 fir/ victor 9 trumpet+ at ,olympia1 #bhc4 ,timaios1 hi/orian1 #bhd4 ,tim>*ides1 sculptor1 #abi1 #cbd4 ,timasi!os1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aaa1 #cee4 ,timokles1 sculptor1 #abi4 ,timoleon1 fun]al games 9 honor (1 at ,syracuse1 #aa4 ,timon1 *>iot victor1 /atue 9 eque/rian gr\p1 #abj1 #bff1 #bfh1 #bgi4 ,timon1 p5ta?lete1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aji1 #ced4 ,timoptolis1 honor /atue at ,olympia1 #db4 ,timo/h5es1 /atue at ,olympia1 #aba1 #cdb4 ,tiryns1 fresco f1 #b1 #c2 lack ( a?letic sc5es at1 #h4 ,titus1 ba?s at ,rome1 #cga4 ,toalios1 ,aurelios1 base ( victor /atue at ,o9o&a1 #cga4 ,tor*es1 d$ications (1 #bb4 ,toreadors1 pa9t+s (1 male & female1 at ,knossos1 #a1 #c4 ,torlonia1 ,palazzo1 ,rome1 copy ( ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type 91 #hi2 head ( ,ares 91 #agj4 ,tra*9iae1 ( ,sophokles1 #cah4 ,tra9]s at ,olympia1 nude1 #di4 ,treasuries1 !1 at ,olympia1 #cea4 ,treu1 ,g41 on colossal ,apollo f ,olympia1 #ib2 on copy ( ,doryphoros ( ,polykleitos1 at ,olympia1 #bbg2 on gable /atues f temple ( ,zeus1 ,olympia1 #aad2 on head ( hoplite runn] f ,olympia1 #afc2 id5tifies ,leonidaion1 at ,olympia1 #cdh2 on ,phil&ridas head1 #bic1 #bid2 on use ( m>ble 9 ,olympic victor /atues1 #cbd1 #cbf4 ,triopia1 !1 at ,mykale1 #ai4 ,triphylia1 #ae4 ,tripods1 z e>ly prizes1 #ai2 f\nd at ,olympia & else:]e1 #bb2 9 honor ( v>i\s gods & h]oes1 #ai2 reliefs on bronze1 9 ,loeb collection1 ,muni*1 #aid4 ,tripp+1 9 wre/l+1 #bbi2 %[n by five bronze gr\ps1 #bcc4 ,triptolemos 7871 /atue ( ,kyniskos conv]t$ into1 #gd4 ,troilos1 dates ( victories at ,olympia1 #cjj1 #cja2 /atue at ,olympia1 #bi1 #aba1 #bff1 #bih2 tablet f base ( /atue (1 #bii1 #cdb4 ,trott+-race ) m>es 771 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bfa2 :y introduc$1 #bhb4 ,trumpet]s1 on ,attic vases1 #bhd2 bronze /atuette (1 f ,sp>ta1 #bhc2 conte/s (1 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bhc2 /atues at ,olympia1 #bhc4 ,tueb+5 bronze2 see ,tux bronze4 ,tui1 wood /atue (1 9 ,l\vre1 #cca4 ,tumbl]s1 among ,a!nians1 #e2 among ,trojans1 #e2 on %ield ( ,a*illes1 #e4 ,tur91 head ( a?lete 91 #hg2 m>ble head ( ,apollo 91 #ic2 ,roman grave-/one f1 #gb4 ,tux bronze1 /atuette ( hoplitodromos 7871 9 ,univ]sity ,museum1 ,tueb+51 #bh1 #abc1 #afd1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,ty*e1 /atue by ,euty*ides1 at ,antio*1 #aba4 ,types1 v>i\s1 ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #dd1 #ii;f41 #agc;f42 etc4 ,tyrannicides1 !1 gr\p by ,kritios & ,nesiotes1 #fj1 #adh1 #agc;f42 break ) law ( 8frontality10 #age2 z fir/ examples ( honor /atues1 #da2 gr\p (1 return$ f ,susa by ,alex&]1 #agc2 recon/ruction (1 f reliefs1 vase-pa9t+s1 etc41 #agd2 repres5t$ on o9o*oe 9 ,bo/on1 #age2 sculptors (1 #agc;f41 #cgb2 ,tyrannicides & ,diskobolos comp>$1 #ahc4 ,umpires1 at ,olympia1 #adi4 ,see also ,hellanodikai4 ,uncritical judgm5ts ( anci5t writ]s on art1 #eh4 ,uni=mity1 /&>d (1 9 physical developm5t 9 fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 #adg;f4 ,urli*s1 ,h4 ,l4 von1 on pri/ae ( ,myron1 #ahh2 on pu] t55s tabellam ( ,py?agoras1 #ahb4 ,urli*s1 ,l4 von1 on mala f]5s nudus1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 #ahb2 on pu] t55s tabellam ( ,py?agoras1 #ahb4 ,vaison ,diad\m5os ( ,polykleitos1 #aeb4 ,val]ian1 ,roman emp]or1 #aa4 ,vapheio1 cups f1 #d4 ,v>ro1 op9ions (1 on art1 #fj4 ,vase-pa9t+s1 %[+ poses ( ,olympic victor /atues1 #dd4 8,vatican a?lete /&+ at re/10 s-call$1 #adj4 ,ve9s1 %[n 9 ,cretan art1 #c1 #d4 ,v5ator1 /atue (1 by ,eu?ykrates1 #cad4 ,v5tnor head 9 ,briti% ,museum1 #hi4 ,v]ona1 grave-relief 91 #gb4 ,victor fillets1 #eb4 ,victor /atues1 assimilat$ to types ( gods & h]oes1 #ga;f42 bases (1 f ,altis1 #dc1 #cec;f42 c>ri$ (f to ,italy1 #dc2 d$ication (1 an old ,greek cu/om1 #ii2 d$ication at ,olympia & else:]e1 #bd;f42 di/+ui%$ f /atues ( gods & h]oes1 #ga2 g5]al *>act]i/ics (1 #dc;f42 gr\ps (1 9 ,altis1 #cjj1 #cdj2 hair-fa%ion (1 #ej;f42 life-size1 examples (1 #df2 mat]ials (1 #cba;f42 9 motion1 #agc;f42 nudity (1 #dg;f42 p]iegesis (1 9 ! ,altis1 by ,pausanias1 #cba2 positions (1 9 ,altis1 #cci;f41 #ceb2 remnants (1 #dc1 #fb;f42 at re/1 #ii;f42 set up at ,olympia1 long aft] victory1 #cb2 set up at ,olympia1 soon aft] victory1 #ca2 set up at ,olympia by relatives ( victor1 by native city ( victor1 by fell[-citiz5s ( victor1 #cj2 set up by tra9]s1 #cj2 set up outside ,olympia1 #cfa;f42 size (1 #de;f42 /atu>ies (1 #cge2 two classes (1 #ii2 zones (1 at ,olympia1 #cdj4 ,victor /atuettes1 set up at ,olympia1 #bg1 #bh2 on ,akropolis1 #bh4 ,victoria quadrigam 9 sublime rapi5s1 pa9t+ by ,nikoma*os1 #bfh4 ,victors1 special privileges (1 at ,rome1 #cc2 ,victor c]tam9e gymnico palmam t55s1 pa9t+ (1 by ,eupompos1 #afj2 victor1 repres5t$ z cr[n$1 on *e/ ( ,kypselos1 #ac2 victor 9 wre/l+ & pankration on same day1 call$ or 1 #id2 victors at f\r national games1 call$ 1 #cfa4 ,victory1 ( ,paionios2 see ,paionios1 ,nike (2 zone (1 at ,olympia1 #cdd1 #cee4 ,v9c5t1 ,edg>1 head ( a?lete 9 ,collection (1 #aef4 ,v9ci1 ,leon>do da1 on body proportions1 #fh4 ,visconti1 on s-call$ ,borghese ,w>rior1 #bji2 on ,pl9y's 8iconic0 /atues1 #ed4 ,vit]bo1 bull-grappl+ 9 prov9ce (1 #e4 ,vitruvius1 on analogy1 rhy?m1 & symmetry1 9 ,greek art1 #ff4 ,voln]atus defici5s1 !1 /atue by ,kresilas1 #aii4 ,volom&ra1 8,apollo0 f1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #ccg4 ,volubilis1 ,morocco1 ,fr5* excavations at1 #bha4 ,votive (f]+s 771 m5tion$ by ,pausanias1 #cci2 victor monum5ts z1 #cg4 ,wace1 ,a4 ,j4 ,b41 on ,p>ian m>ble male head 9 ,tur91 ( a?lete or ,apollo1 #ic2 on ,roman male head 9 ,tur91 resembl+ ! ,apoxyom5os ( ,lysippan s*ool1 #bib4 ,wald/e9 7,wal/on71 ,c41 on appellation 8,apollo0 = e>ly a?lete /atues1 #cce2 on bronze /atue ( y\? f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #ha2 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #ij1 #agi2 on ! ,/rang=d ,apollo1 #bdd2 on victor fillet1 #adi4 ,walk+ motive 9 sculpture1 n ,polykleitan 9 orig91 #bbf4 ,wal/on1 ,c42 see ,wald/e91 ,c4 ,w>rior1 or hoplitodromos1 bronze head f ,akropolis1 #abc4 ,wa%burn1 ,o4 ,m41 on ,delphi ,*>iote]1 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,w]nicke1 ,k41 on ,great ,alt> ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 #cdi4 ,we/grab51 !1 at ,olympia1 #ceh4 ,we/macott ,a?lete1 !1 #aef;f41 #aeh1 #cje4 ,:eels1 f\r-spok$1 "o d$icat$ at ,argos1 #ig2 t9-foil1 d$icat$ at ,olympia1 #bc4 ,:ite1 ,h4 ,g4 ,e41 on two /atuettes ( diskoboloi f ,akropolis1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,wilam[itz1 ,u4 von 7,wilam[itz-,moell5dorf71 on inscrib$ base ( /atue ( ,epi*>9os on ,akropolis1 #cgb4 ,w9ckelmann1 ,j41 on "* ( ,greek ,art1 #eg2 on ,jason ( ,l\vre1 #hg4 ,w9e-p\r]s1 /atues (1 #add4 ,w+$ figures1 repres5t$ 9 motion be=e six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 #agf;f4 ,w9nefeld1 ,h41 on ,we/macott ,a?lete /atue type1 #aeh4 ,w9t]1 ,f41 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #ij2 on ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ,museo delle ,t]me1 #adg4 ,woelffl91 ,e41 on nudus talo incess5s ( ,polykleitos1 #bej1 #bea4 ,wolt]s1 ,p41 on bronze foot f ,olympia1 #bee2 on ,*oiseul-,g\ffi] ,apollo /atue type1 #ij1 #ia2 on head ( hoplitodrome1 f ,olympia1 #afc2 on inscrib$ base ( ! ,agias1 #bib2 on ,sp9>io1 #bja2 on ,tux bronze1 #bjg2 on use ( bronze 9 ,olympic victor /atues1 #cba4 ,woman1 /atue ( ,muse type1 f ,&ros1 #ga2 head 9 ,l\vre1 #abh4 ,wom51 admitt$ to *>iot-race at ,olympia1 #di2 exclud$ f ,olympia1 #di2 victress /atues (1 drap$1 #dh2 admitt$ to ! ,h]aia1 ,olympia1 #di4 ,wor%ip ( victors aft] dea?1 #ce4 ,w\nd$ ,amazon1 /atue 9 ,capitol9e ,museum1 #aea4 ,w\nd$ ,man1 !1 /atue (2 see ,voln]atus defici5s4 ,wrea? ( leaves1 z prize at v>i\s games4 ,wre/l]s1 attributes ( /atues (1 #afe2 bronze gr\p (1 9 ,p>is1 #bcb2 bronze /atue 9 ,naples1 #ii2 five copies ( bronze gr\p (1 %[+ tripp+1 #bcc2 gr\p (1 on bronze b[l f ,borsdorf1 %[+ h& grip1 #bca1 #bcb2 gr\ps (1 on ci/a h&les1 #bcb2 gr\ps (1 on ,etruscan ci/a 9 ,metropolitan ,museum1 #bca2 gr\p (1 at ,olympia 7871 #bcc;f42 pa9t+s ( wre/l]s by ,nauk]os1 & by ,antidotos1 #bcc2 "p ( gr\p (1 f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #bcb2 small bronze gr\p (1 9 ,loeb ,collection1 %[+ cross-buttocks1 #bcb2 /atues (1 at ,olympia1 #bcd2 /atues (1 )\t special attributes1 #agj2 two bronze /atues (1 f ,h]culaneum %[+ front hold1 #bcj1 #bca2 two gr\ps (1 on rim ( bronze b[l1 9 ,bo/on1 #bcb4 ,wre/l+ 771 #bbh;f42 b\t betwe5 ,!seus & ,k]kyon1 on metope ( ,!seion1 #bcb2 cap us$ 91 #aff2 depict$ on proto-,attic amphora1 #ac2 = boys1 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bbh2 at games ( ,patroklos1 #h2 gr\nd wre/l+1 on gems & vases1 #bdh2 holds 91 on vases 7arm1 body1 front1 neck1 side1 wri/71 #bbi2 introduc$ at ,olympia1 #bbh2 olde/787 ( a?letic sports1 #bbh2 "o ( mo/ popul> sports1 #bbh2 positions 91 on v>i\s monum5ts1 #bbi2 on r4-f4 kylix1 9 ,philadelphia1 #bcj2 sc5es 91 on r4-f4 vase1 by ,&okides1 #bcj2 ?r[s 91 on vases 7buttocks1 cross-buttocks1 fly+ m>e1 heave1 tripp+71 #bbi2 two k9ds (1 upright 7 71 gr\nd 771 #bbh1 #bbi2 victors 9 wre/l+ & pankration on same day1 #ic1 #id2 on wall-pa9t+s at ,b5i-,hasan1 ,egypt1 #a1 #bbh2 wre/l+ & box+ on ,pana!naic amphora ( ,kittos1 #bdh2 wre/l+ & box+ 9 pankration1 #bdg2 wre/l+ & pankration contra/$1 #bdf4 ,wund]]1 ,c41 on ! ,seat$ ,box] ( ,museo delle ,t]me1 #adg4 ,xant51 bronze /atue ( boy f\nd 9 ,rh9e ne>1 #bgf4 ,xan?os1 ,*imra tomb at1 #bga4 ,x5odamos1 /atue at ,antiky!ra1 #cfi4 ,x5odikos1 /atue at ,olympia1 #bgi1 #cde4 ,x5okles1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #bcd1 #cdd2 copies ( /atue (1 #bbh1 #bcd2 motive ( /atue (1 #ach1 #aci2 /atue at ,olympia1 by ,polykleitos ! ,y\ng]1 #aah4 ,x5okrates1 ( ,akragas1 *>iot victor at ,delphi1 #bfg4 ,x5okrates1 sculptor1 #fa4 ,x5ombrotos1 base ( /atue at ,olympia1 #cde2 base ( second /atue at ,olympia1 #cee2 portrait /atue (1 at ,olympia1 #ed2 /atue at ,olympia1 by ,philotimos1 #abb1 #bfd1 #bgi2 two monum5ts (1 at ,olympia1 #bi4 ,x5ophanes1 philosoph]1 on dang]\s "* ( pankration1 #bdf2 on pa9ful "* ( box+1 #bce2 prote/ (1 aga9/ rev]5c+ victors1 #cf4 ,x5ophon1 hi/orian1 on a?letics1 #eh1 #ei2 ,symposium (1 #ei4 ,x5ophon1 ( ,aigion1 /atue at ,olympia1 #abj1 #cdc4 ,x]xes1 c>ries (f ! ,tyrannicides to ,susa1 #agc2 sacks ,akropolis1 #bga4 ,xoana 771 ,daidalian1 #cbh4 ,y\?1 bronze head (1 f ,akropolis1 #aad2 bronze head (1 f ,h]culaneum1 #ie2 bronze /atue (1 f\nd 9 sea (f ,antiky!ra1 #hj;f41 #hb;f42 ,polykleitan /atue (1 cr[n+ himself1 #aee2 y\? ) tablet1 on ,muni* vase1 #ahb4 ,zanes1 /atues ( ,zeus1 s-call$1 ne> entrance to ,/adion1 at ,olympia1 #cc1 #cd4 ,z5obios1 #ahb4 ,zeus1 conte/ants at ,olympia sacrifice to1 #aa2 diad\m5os on ?rone (1 at ,olympia1 #aej1 #aea2 fa!r ( ,h]akles1 #aj2 games 9 honor (1 at ,argos1 #bhe2 ,great ,alt> (1 at ,olympia1 #cci1 #cdi1 #cej1 #cea1 #cee2 ,nemean games 9 honor (1 #ag2 z "o ( ! gods presid+ ov] conte/s1 #ge2 sculptures f p$im5ts ( temple (1 at ,olympia1 #ec1 #aac1 #aad2 site ( ,great ,alt> (1 at ,olympia1 #cdh;f42 /atues ( ,hyblan1 at ,olympia1 #cdd2 ( ,meg>ian1 at ,olympia1 #cdd2 ( ,olympian1 by ,pheidias1 #eb2 ( ,platan1 at ,olympia1 #cdd2 ( ,zeus ,i?omatas1 #aaj1 #aaa2 ( ,zeus 1 at ,aigion1 #aaa2 ) %ort hair1 #eb2 temple (1 at ,olympia1 #cdb1 #cdd1 #cdf1 #cdg1 #cej1 #cea1 #ceb1 #cec1 #cee1 #cef1 #ceh1 #cei1 #cfj2 ?rone (1 at ,olympia1 describ$ by ,pausanias1 #fa2 wor%ip (1 at ,olympia1 lat] ?an t ( ,h]a1 #af2 wre/l+ mat* (1 ) ,kronos1 #ad4 ,zeuxis1 pa9t]1 #bi4 ,zones1 ( victor /atues at ,olympia1 #cdj2 ( ! ,*>iots1 #cde1 #cdf2 ( ! 7,eretrian7 ,bull1 #cdc1 #cdf2 ( ,telema*os1 #cde1 #cdf2 ( ! ,victory1 #cdd1 #cdf4