,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ea* ( ! ?ree ,p>ts4 ,a p>agraph ( ! orig9al text on page #bfb gave "s consonants an acute or grave acc5t = emphasis2 t & w ) acute acc5t w be display$ z t 1 2 h t & w ) grave acc5t w be display$ z h 1 t & 7,unicode comb9+ diacriticals74 ,!re is "o breve1 on page #fh4 ,"s h&held devices may display "s ( ^! *>act]s incorrectly4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tea* ,,read+ ,,9 ,,! ,,public ,,s*ools ,,by ,s4 ,h4 ,,cl>k1 ,ph4,b4 ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,*icago ,au?or ( 8,h[ to ,read ,al\d0 & ,associate ,au?or ( 8,pr9ciples ( ,vocal ,expression1 ,m5tal ,te*nique & ,lit]>y ,int]pretation0 ,,*icago ,,scott1 ,,=esman ,,& ,,company #ahih ,copyright #ahih1 ,by ,,scott1 ,,=esman ,,& ,,company ,,press ,,( ,,! ,,h5ry ,o4 ,,%ep>d ,,co41 ,,*icago4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #g ,,introduction #i ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,crit]ion ( ,"t #ai ,,ii4 ,! ,crit]ion ( ,pit* #db ,,iii4 ,! ,crit]ion ( ,quality #hj ,,iv4 ,! ,crit]ion ( ,=ce #aja ,v4 ,! ,m5tal ,attitude ( ! ,read] #aag ,,vi4 ,gr\p+ #abh ,,vii4 ,succession ( ,ideas #acb ,,viii4 ,c5tral ,idea #ach ,,ix4 ,subord9ation #adi ,x4 ,values #aeg ,,xi4 ,emotion #agb ,,xii4 ,atmosph]e #ahd ,,xiii4 ,contra/s #bje ,,xiv4 ,climaxes #bab ,,xv4 ,conclud+ ,rem>ks on ,me?od #bbd ,,xvi4 ,lit]>y ,int]pretation #bca ,,index #bia ,,preface ,?is book is int5d$ z a manual = tea*]s ( read+ 9 ! public s*ools4 ,9 its prep>ation ! !ory 01 fir/1 t ! tea*] %\ld h a ?or\gh k ( h[ ?\ght & feel+ are express$--9 o!r words he mu/ h ! crit]ia ( expression2 &1 second1 t he %\ld h a def9ite grad$ me?od ( in/ruction1 9 :i* ! simple %all prec$e ! complex1 & 9 :i* "o elem5t1 & "o only1 %all be pres5t$ at a "t4 ,! book is1 !re=e1 an endeavor to assi/ ! tea*] ( read+1 fir/1 by expla9+ ! psy*ology ( ! crit]ia ( expression2 second1 by pres5t+ a practical me?od ( in/ruction2 &1 ?ird1 by discuss+ c]ta9 def9ite pr9ciples ( lit]>y int]pretation4 ,p>ts ( ?is book h be5 giv5 to ! public by ! au?or1 9 ,pr9ciples ( ,vocal ,expression & ,h[ to ,read ,al\d1 ! latt] ( :i* is n[ out ( pr9t4 ,! int]e/ 9 ^! two books is a cause = gratitude & x is hop$ ! pres5t manual may s]ve its purpose equally well4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,cl>k4 ,,introduction ,x is univ]sally conc$$ t ! public s*ools fail to give *ildr5 mu* p[] z read]s4 ,"o au?ority ass]ts t1 aft] ! *ild's twelf? ye>1 8 ability z a read] /eadily decl9es4 7,up to t "t he is gradually acquir+ great] ma/]y ov] words1 & s1 9 a s5se1 may be said to be improv+47 ,te/imony c be add$ t1 by ! "t he rea*es ! univ]sity1 ! av]age /ud5t _c read at all4 ,_m rem$ies h be5 sugge/$1 f :i* two may be select$ z typical4 ,"o is to call ! att5tion ( ! *ild to ! me*anics ( vocal expression--to inflection1 =ce1 movem5t1 & s =?4 ,! o!r 7t commonly employ$71 to tell ! *ild to get ! ?\ght4 ,x _c be d5i$ t bo? me?ods h1 9 isolat$ cases1 be5 productive ( "s good1 yet1 on ! :ole1 !y h be5 well-nigh b>r5 ( results4 ,let u inquire briefly into ! causes4 ,! me*anical me?od fails1 especially ) y\ng] p1 because x is dry1 te*nical1 un/imulat+1 &1 9 ! ma91 un9t]e/+4 ,x deals ) rules = ! use ( ! diff]5t elem5ts ( vocal expression1 tell+ ! *ild he mu/ use a ris+ inflection "h1 a fall+ inflection !re2 t he mu/ read p>5!tical phrases & clauses 9 l[] pit* & fa/] "t2 t ?is emotion %\ld be manife/$ 9 normal quality1 t emotion 9 orotund quality2 & s on ?r\gh we>y1 dre>y rules & pr9ciples1 ! /udy ( :i* has seldom done any good & (t5times mu* h>m4 ,! 8get-!-?\ght0 me?od is a revolt aga9/ ! o!r plan4 ,recogniz+ ! fact t drills 9 ! elem5ts h done no?+ t[>d elevat+ ! /&>d ( read+1 ! consci5ti\s pr9cipal or sup]9t5d5t tells 8 tea*]s t !y mu/ see to x t ! s*ol>s get ! ?\ght4 ,?is is a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t x does n produce results4 ,& ! *ief reasons = ?is are two4 ,fir/1 = "o cause or ano!r ! f9] %ades ( mean+ escape too _m tea*]s4 ,second1 v few tea*]s h receiv$ ! necess>y tra9+ to enable !m to disc]n quickly ) :at m5tal conditions v>i\s =ms ( vocal expression are associat$4 ,9 o!r words1 !y h n ! crit]ia ( vocal expression2 &1 9 consequ5ce1 helpful criticism is impossible4 ,:y h previ\s me?ods ( tea*+ read+ practically fail$8 ,!re are ?ree reasons3 fir/1 ! lack ( appreciation ( ! be/ lit]ature on ! "p ( ! tea*]2 second1 ! complexity ( vocal expression2 & ?ird1 ! intangibility ( vocal expression4 ,appreciation ( ! mean+ & beauty ( lit]ature is ! fir/ requisite ( a successful tea*] ( read+2 & yet !re is little opportunity af=d$ ! tea*] to get ?is appreciation4 ,is x n true t too _m tea*]s h no love = real lit]ature8 ,! fault is n !irs1 b t ( ! me?od ( tea*+ lit]ature t sub/itutes gramm>1 philology1 hi/ory1 & lectures ab\t lit]ature = ! /udy ( ! mean+ & beauty ( ! lit]ature itself4 ,"o may safely ass]t t ?\s&s ( *ildr5 w\ld be bett] read]s1 ev5 ) ! pres5t faulty me?ods1 if _! tea*]s _h a g5u9e int]e/ 9 ! be/ lit]ature4 ,( :at avail is x to put good lit]ature into ! s*oolbooks if its m]it does n appeal z well to ! in/ructor z to ! pupil8 ,! /ream c rise no high] ?an its s\rce4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a rapidly gr[+ s5tim5t aga9/ ! sub/itution ( p>s+1 hi/ory1 philology1 or e?ics = g5u9e lit]>y tra9+4 ,we are com+ to recognize t lit]ature is art1 beauty1 _s2 &1 :5 ?is recognition becomes g5]al1 we %all h bett] tea*]s & bett] read]s4 ,= !re is no?+ t s /imulates our vocal expression z ! desire to impress ^u o!rs ! beauty & feel+ ( :at has impress$ ourselves4 ,complexity may be def9$ by illu/ration4 ,a phrase may be read fa/ or sl[ly2 9 high or l[ key2 ) "o melody or ano!r2 ) l\d or subdu$ =ce2 ) ?is quality ( voice or ) t4 ,n[ all ^! elem5ts are pres5t at "o "t2 s t1 )\t prop] tra9+1 ! tea*] is unable to discrim9ate betwe5 !m & h5ce unable to give ! ne$ful correction1 )\t :i* !re c be no progress4 ,intangibility may be expla9$ by %[+ :at is meant by a tangible subject4 ,! spell+ lesson is tangible2 ! ari?metic lesson is tangible4 ,a mi/ake is easily recogniz$ & correct$4 ,?ree mon?s aft] a pap] on ^! subjects has be5 h&$ 91 ! tea*] c g back to x & exam9e x4 ,b vocal expression is evanesc5t1 &1 by ! untra9$1 c be recall$ imp]fectly1 if at all1 & !n only a %ort "t aft] x has be5 he>d4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! comb9$ difficulties due to complexity & intangibility1 ! tea*] is appall$2 &1 consci5ti\s ?\gh he be1 he gives up 9 despair4 ,! tea*+ becomes p]functory2 ! *ildr5 lose int]e/2 & !re is ! end ( read+4 ,read+1 :i* %\ld be ! brighte/ & mo/ inspir+ ( lessons1 deg5]ates into a humdrum1 dry-z-du/ "t-kill]4 ,good read+ is z r>e z ! classical bird4 ,no idea ( a pupil's read+ ability c be ga9$ f a k ( ! class he is 94 ,he is no bett] read] 9 ! highe/ public-s*ool grade ?an he is 9 ! grade two or ?ree bel[ ! highe/4 ,! tea*] has come to recognize ! futility ( 8 ef=ts2 & s1 9 _m class rooms1 ! "t set ap>t = read+ is giv5 up to language lessons1 composition1 & o!r /udies1 valuable 9 !mselves1 b only incid5tally helpful 9 increas+ ! pupil's read+ p[]4 ,x may be ask$1 :at objects are to be atta9$ z a result ( read+ lessons8 ,!re are two4 ,fir/1 to give u ! p[] to extract ?\ght f ! pr9t$ page4 ,aft] we leave s*ool1 our in=mation is ga9$ f books2 & :at we get f ^! is l>gely det]m9$ by our s*ool tra9+4 ,our sy/em ( education has a great deal to answ] = :5 x fails to provide ?is tra9+4 ,! value ( vocal expression is n to be depreciat$1 b ( ! utmo/ importance is ! ability to get ! au?or's mean+4 ,our tea*+1 f ! prim>y grade to ! univ]sity1 is lam5tably weak 9 ?is direction4 ,a well-kn[n college pr(essor1 9 response to a s*ool sup]9t5d5t's "q z to :at w\ld bett] ! prep>ation ( second>y-s*ool /ud5ts = college1 repli$3 8,= ,heav5's sake1 tea* !m h[ to read40 ,ano!r college in/ructor--a le>n$ au?ority on geology--/ates t he f9ds occasion to rem>k to 8 classes ab\t once a mon?1 8,x's a great ?+ to be able to read a page ( ,engli%40 ,no "o :o exam9es ! read+ 9 our s*ools c fail to be /ruck1 n s mu* ) ! abs5ce ( expressive p[]1 z ) ! abs5ce ( m5tal grasp4 ,we are s anxi\s to get on t we are cont5t ) skimm+ ! surface1 & d n take ! "t to get b5ea? x4 ,! read+ lesson %\ld be1 prim>ily1 a ?9k+ lesson1 & e %ade ( ?\ght %\ld be c>efully det]m9$1 no matt] h[ long a "t may be consum$4 ,! habit ( hurry+ ov] ! page1 :i* is s preval5t1 is cle>ly an outgr[? ( s*oolroom me?ods4 ,c>eless ( all ! future1 we are too prone to pu% ! pupil along1 ignor+ ! simple/ & mo/ evid5t ( psy*ological laws1 t ?\ght comes by ?9k+1 & ?9k+ takes "t4 ,"o tires ( ! univ]sal excuse = ! laxity ( our me?ods3 we h n ! "t4 ,! reply to tea*]1 sup]9t5d5t1 & s*ool bo>d is1 we h no "t to tea* a subject poorly4 ,if ?\ght-gett+--g5u9e ?\ght-gett+--7 insi/$ on f ! outset1 )\t d\bt ! "w :i* n[ requires six or sev5 ye>s to accompli% c\ld be done 9 five4 ,h[ mu* ?\ght p[] has ! public-s*ool graduate8 ,v little4 ,& yet1 if all lessons--hi/ory1 geography1 ari?metic1 & ! re/--7 made ?\ght lessons1 a *ild ( f\rte5 w\ld be on ! road to educat+ himself :5 he left s*ool4 ,is x n pitiful to see a bright boy or girl sp5d+ ?ree or f\r h\rs a day 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 lessons1 & !n com+ to class only to f9d t he has wa/$ & worse ?an wa/$ 8 "t8 ,9 tak+ leave ( ?is !me1 ! tea*] is urg$ to pond] ^! noble words ( a noble man1 8,:5 ?\ reade/1 look /eadfa/ly ) ! m9d at ! ?+s ! words symbolize4 ,if !re be "q ( m\nta9s1 let !m loom be=e !e2 if ( ! ocean1 let its bill[s roll be=e ?y eyes4 ,?is habit w give to ?y voice ev5 pliancy & mean+4 ,! m s\rces ( int]e/ we h1 ! ri*] is our life4 ,to hold any portion ( tru? 9 a vital way is bett] ?an to h its :ole baggage /or$ m]ely 9 "o's memory40 ,&1 aga91 8,he :o ?9ks = himself is r>ely p]suad$ by ano!r4 ,in=mation & inspiration he gladly receives1 b he =ms 8 own judgm5t4 ,argum5ts & reasons :i*1 to ! ?\ghtful1 s\nd l mock]y1 satisfy ! sup]ficial & ignorant40 ,& !re is no bett] way to develop su* a ?9k+ p]son ?an by c>eful tra9+ 9 read+4 ,mo/ read]s1 l good-natur$ c[s1 ,keep br[s+ & =ev] br[se2 ,if a fair fl[] come 9 _! way ,!y take x too1 nor ask1 8,:at1 pray60 ,l o!r fodd] x is food1 ,& = ! /oma* q z good4 ,tra9+ 9 ?\ght-gett+ is1 !n1 ! fir/ result to be expect$ f ! read+ lesson4 ,! second is ! p[] ( adequate vocal expression4 ,! temptation to enl>ge ^u ! _m b5efits to body1 voice1 m9d1 & s\l1 to say no?+ ( ! practical worldly b5efits ( vocal expression1 is resi/$4 ,x is tak5 = grant$ t !y are recogniz$2 s t we pass on to ! discussion ( a plan t may help u to get ^! b5efits2 prefac+ ! discussion ) ! /atem5t t ! evil results ( our pres5t laxity are n to be laid at ! door ( ! individual tea*]1 b at t ( ! educational sy/em 9 g5]al4 ,?is "w makes no pret5sions to treat 9 any detail read+ z an art4 ,its sole object is to pres5t ! ideal ( ! read+ lesson & sugge/ ways & means by :i* t ideal may be br\ght some:at ne>] to our grasp ?an x is at pres5t4 ,nev]!less1 to ^? :o may desire to /udy read+ z an art1 x c be safely said1 t we mu/ fir/ be good read]s be=e we c be arti/s2 & s9ce ?is is s1 !re %\ld be mu* ga9 to !m f a c>eful1 def9ite /udy ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples h]e9 set =?4 ,= special tea*]s ( elocution1 also1 x is hop$ t ! book may prove ( "s value1 z deal+ ) ^? elem5ts )\t ! und]/&+ ( :i* successful tea*+ ( advanc$ "w is impossible4 ,vocal culture1 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w1 f9ds no place 9 ?is discussion4 ,! reason = ?is omission w appe> 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,?is mu*1 h[ev]1 may be /at$ "h2 except "u p>ticul>ly favorable circum/ances1 v little c be done 9 voice tra9+ 9 our public s*ools2 b by ! plan h]e9 pres5t$1 ! voices ( our *ildr5 may be made truly expressive1 & t1 aft] all1 is ( m value to !m ?an m]e te*nical facility4 ,:ile ! subject ( prim>y s*ool read+ is n discuss$ directly1 ! prim>y tea*] %\ld d]ive consid]able assi/ance f ! book1 inasmu* z x aims to pres5t ! /&>d ( criticism & ! psy*ology ( read+4 ,) him re/s to a great ext5t ! success ( any me?od ( oral expression4 ,t he %\ld h a cle> conception ( ! goal ( ! read+ lessons & ! mann] ( rea*+ x is !re=e beyond dispute4 ,! book has a d\ble purpose4 ,fir/1 to assi/ ! tea*] to tea* read+2 second1 to help ! tea*] to improve 8 own read+4 ,! latt] purpose expla9s ! am\nt ( illu/rative matt]1 & also ! fact t "s ( ?is is beyond ! grasp ( "y & immature m9ds4 ,,"p ,,"o ,,! ,,crit]ia ,,( ,,vocal ,,expression ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,"t ,x mu/ be cle> t no progress c be made 9 ! tea*+ ( any subject unless ! tea*] possess a def9ite /&>d ( criticism2 &1 fur!rmore1 x mu/ be grant$ t ! tea*] ( read+ does n possess ?is /&>d4 ,we h a /&>d 9 spell+1 9 ari?metic1 9 geography1 b none 9 read+--at lea/ none cle>ly appreh5d$ & sci5tifically appli$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! purpose ( ! fir/ "p ( ?is book to pres5t ^? elem5ts ( vocal expression--! f\r crit]ia--a k ( :i* is indisp5sable to any progress 9 ! tea*+ ( read+4 ,^! are1 ,"t1 ,pit*1 ,quality1 & ,=ce1 ! fir/ ( :i* we n[ proce$ to /udy 9 detail4 ,9 ,pr(essor ,raymond's admirable "w1 ,! ,orator's ,manual1 !re appe> ^! significant words3 8,! relative "t apportion$ to a ^w indicates ! m9d's measurem5t ( x1--repres5ts ! speak]'s judgm5t z to ! am\nt ( mean+ or importance t x conveys40 ,a mom5t's ?\ght mu/ conv9ce u ( ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,mak+ due all[ance = c]ta9 speak]s1 :o1 = "o cause or ano!r1 h an unusually sl[ or fa/ utt]ance1 ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ,pr(essor ,raymond is1 )\t d\bt1 psy*ologically s\nd4 ,9 fact1 x is a platitude2 b l _m ano!r platitude1 its tru? is s close to u t we fail to p]ceive its mean+ & application4 ,an additional pro( ( ! s\ndness ( ?is pr9ciple is f\nd 9 music4 ,a solemn dirge1 a fun]al m>*1 an an!m ( praise is r5d]$ 9 sl[ "t2 :ile mod]ate & fa/ "t seem ! fitt+ expression ( ! light] moods4 ,"t1 !n1 ref]s to ! rate ( vocal movem5t4 ,x may be fa/1 or mod]ate1 or sl[1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( :at may be call$ ! collat]al ?9k+ accompany+ ! read+ ( any giv5 passage4 ,to put x ano!r way3 a phrase is read sl[ly because x means mu*2 because ! ?\ght is l>ge1 sublime1 deep4 ,! collat]al ?9k+ may be reveal$ by an expansive p>aphrase4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! l9es ,n a drum 0 he>d1 n a fun]al note1 ,z 8 corse to ! ramp>ts we hurri$1 :y d we read sl[ly8 ,! p>aphrase answ]s ! "q4 ,x 0 midnight4 ,!re lay our belov$ lead]1 :o %\ld h be5 borne 9 triumphal procession to 8 la/ re/+ place4 ,bells %\ld h toll$1 cannon ?und]$1 & ?\s&s %\ld h foll[$ 8 bi]4 ,b n[1 alas6 by night1 by /eal?1 )\t ev5 a s+le drum tap1 9 fe> & dread1 we crept brea?less to ! ramp>ts4 ,?is1 or any "o ( a hundr$ o!r p>aphrases1 w suffice to r5d] ! vocal movem5t sl[4 ,& s x is ) all sl[ "t4 ,let x be rememb]$ t a pr(\nd or sublime ?\ght may be utt]$ 9 fa/ "t2 b t :5 we dwell ^u t ?\ght1 :5 we hold x be=e ! m9d1 ! "t mu/ necess>ily be sl[4 ,! succe$+ passages w h a prevail+ly sl[ movem5t4 ,measure ! ?\ght c>efully1 & ?9k ! expansive p>aphrase4 ,^! drills are n to tra9 u to read sl[ly 7= any "o c d t71 b to ?9k l>gely4 ,! movem5t w take c>e ( itself4 ,x is fur!r urg$ t ! /ud5t give consid]able att5tion to ?is "p ( ! subject2 = ! "t s sp5t w be valuable n only z x results 9 expressive movem5t1 b because x is only ?r\gh m$itation t ! fulle/ insight into ! mean+ ( a passage c be acquir$4 ,h5ce1 dwell+ = a long p]iod ^u a phrase or s5t5ce gives opportunity = ! enk9dl+ ( ! imag9ation & emotion4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly f\nd t :]e a /ud5t's movem5t 0 out ( h>mony ) ! s5tim5t ( ! passage1 8 emotional int]pretation 0 equally poor4 ,a f>!r c>eful /udy ( ! text to improve ! movem5t has g5]ally result$ 9 ! improvem5t ( ! emotional expression4 ,mr4 ,speak]3 ,! m+l$ tones ( sorr[1 l ! voice ( _m wat]s1 h come unto u f a si/] ,/ate--,massa*usetts--weep+ = h] honor$ son4 ,! ,/ate ,i h ! honor 9 "p to repres5t once endur$1 ) y\rs1 a common suff]+1 battl$ = a common cause1 & rejoic$ 9 a common triumph4 ,surely1 !n1 x is meet t 9 ?is ! day ( y\r affliction we %\ld m+le our griefs4 ,se>* creation r\nd1 :]e c y f9d a c\ntry t pres5ts s sublime a view1 s int]e/+ an anticipation8 ,:o %all say = :at purpose my/]i\s ,provid5ce may n h design$ h]6 ,:o %all say t :5 9 its follies or its crimes1 ! ,old ,_w may h buri$ all ! pride ( its p[]1 & all ! pomp ( its civilization1 human nature may n f9d its de/9$ r5ovation 9 ! ,new6 ,:5 its temples & its trophies %all h m\ld]$ into du/1--:5 ! glories ( its "n %all be b ! leg5d ( tradition1 & ! light ( its a*ievem5ts live only 9 song1 philosophy w revive aga9 9 ! sky ( h] ,frankl91 & glory rek9dle at ! urn ( h] ,wa%+ton4 ,(t5 h ,i swept backw>d1 9 imag9ation1 six ?\s& ye>s1 & /ood beside our great ance/or1 z he gaz$ = ! fir/ "t ^u ! go+ d[n ( ! sun4 ,:at /range s5sations mu/ h swept ?r\gh 8 bewild]$ m9d1 z he wat*$ ! la/ dep>t+ ray ( ! s9k+ orb1 unconsci\s :e!r he %\ld ev] behold its return4 ,wrapp$ 9 a maze ( ?\ght1 /range & />tl+1 he suff]s 8 eye to l+] long ab\t ! po9t at :i* ! sun has sl[ly fad$ f view4 ,a my/]i\s d>kness creeps ov] ! face ( ,nature2 ! beautiful sc5es ( e>? are sl[ly fad+1 "o by "o1 f 8 dimm$ vision4 ,y ?9k me a fanatic to-night1 = y read hi/ory1 n ) y\r eyes1 b ) y\r prejudices4 ,b fifty ye>s h5ce1 :5 ,tru? gets a he>+1 ! ,muse ( ,hi/ory w put ,phocion = ! ,greek1 & ,brutus = ! ,roman1 ,hampd5 = ,engl&1 ,la ,fayette = ,france1 *oose ,wa%+ton z ! bright1 consummate fl[] ( our e>li] civilization1 & ,john ,br[n z ! ripe fruit ( our noonday1 !n1 dipp+ h] p5 9 ! sunlight1 w write 9 ! cle> blue1 above !m all1 ! "n ( ! soldi]1 ! /atesman1 ! m>tyr1 ,t\ssa9t ,l',ouv]ture4 ,figure to y\rself a cat>act l t ( ,niag>a1 p\r$ 9 foam+ gr&eur1 n m]ely ov] "o great precipice ( two hundr$ feet1 b ov] ! successive ridgy precipices ( two or ?ree ?\s&1 9 ! face ( a m\nta9 elev5 ?\s& feet high1 & tumbl+1 cra%+1 ?und]+ d[n ) a cont9u\s d9 ( f> great] sublimity ?an ! s\nd ( ! gr&e/ cat>act4 ,! ro> ( ! fall+ mass beg9s to be he>d ! mom5t x is loos5$ f ! m\nta92 x p\rs on ) ! s\nd ( a va/ body ( ru%+ wat]2 !n comes ! fir/ great concussion1 a boom+ cra% ( ?und]s1 break+ on ! /ill air 9 mid-heav52 y\r brea? is susp5d$1 & y li/5 & look2 ! mighty glitt]+ mass %oots headlong ov] ! ma9 precipice1 & ! fall is s great t x produces to ! eye t impression ( dread maje/ic sl[ness ( :i* ,i h spok51 ?\gh x is d\btless m rapid ?an ,niag>a4 ,b if y %\ld see ! cat>act ( ,niag>a itself com+ d[n five ?\s& feet above y 9 ! air1 !re w\ld be ! same impression4 ,! image rema9s 9 ! m9d1 & c nev] fade f x2 x is z if y _h se5 an alaba/] cat>act f heav54 ,! s\nd is f> m sublime ?an t ( ,niag>a1 because ( ! prec$+ /illness 9 ^? ,alp9e solitudes4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* sil5ce & solemnity1 f out ! bosom ( ^? glori\s1 glitt]+ =ms ( nature1 comes t ru%+1 cra%+ ?und]-bur/ ( s\nd6 ,if x 7 n t y\r s\l1 ?r\gh ! eye1 is z fill$ & fix$ ) ! sublimity ( ! vision z1 ?r\gh ! s5se ( he>+1 ) t ( ! audible report1 me?9ks y w\ld wi% to bury y\r face 9 y\r h&s1 & fall pro/rate1 z at ! voice ( ! ,et]nal4 ,h[ lovely are ?y dwell+s fair6 ,o ,"l ( ,ho/s1 h[ de> ,! pleasant tab]nacles are ,:]e ?\ do/ dwell s ne>6 ,my s\l do? long & almo/ die ,?y c\rts1 ,o ,"l1 to see1 ,my he>t & fle% al\d d cry1 ,o liv+ ,god1 = !e4 ,!re ev5 ! sp>r[1 fre$ f wrong1 ,ha? f\nd a h\se ( re/2 ,! swall[ !re1 to lay h] "y1 ,ha? built h] brood+ ne/2 ,ev5 by ?y alt>s1 ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,!y f9d _! safe abode2 ,& home !y fly f r\nd ! coa/s ,t[>ds !e1 my ,k+1 my ,god4 ,! foll[+ w illu/rate fa/ movem5t4 ,let !re be no attempt to accel]ate ! spe$1 b let ! ?\ght & emotion !mselves gov]n t4 ,no examples are giv5 to illu/rate mod]ate "t1 s9ce ! /ud5t gets suffici5t practice ( ?is k9d 9 almo/ ev]y?+ he reads4 ,glori\sly1 ,max6 glori\sly6 ,!re 7 sixty horses 9 ! field1 all mettle to ! bone2 ! />t 0 a picture--away we w5t 9 a cl\d--pell-mell--helt]-skelt]--! fools fir/1 z usual1 us+ !mselves up4 ,we soon pass !m--fir/ y\r ,kitty1 !n my ,bluesk91 & ,crav5's colt la/4 ,!n came ! tug--,kitty skimm$ ! walls--,bluesk9 flew ov] ! f5ces--! colt neck-&-neck1 & half a mile to run--at la/ ! colt balk$ a leap & w5t wild4 ,kitty & ,i _h x all to ourselves--%e 0 ?ree l5g?s ahead z we brea/$ ! la/ wall1 six feet1 if an in*1 & a dit* on ! o!r side4 ,n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i gave ,bluesk9 8 head--,ha1 ha6 ,away he flew l a ?und]bolt--ov] w5t ! filly--,i ov] ! same spot1 leav+ ,kitty 9 ! dit*--walk$ ! /eeple1 eight miles 9 ?irty m9utes1 & sc>cely turn$ a hair4 ,nice clo!s ,i get1 too1 traips+ ?r\gh wea!r l ?is6 ,my g[n & bonnet w be spoil$4 ,ne$n't ,i we> 'em1 !n8 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 ,i %all we> 'em4 ,no1 sir6 ,i'm n go+ out a d[dy to please y or anybody else4 ,graci\s kn[s6 x isn't (t5 t ,i /ep ov] ! ?re%old4 ,be=e a qu>t] pole 0 pass'd1 ,old ,hiram said1 8,he's go+ fa/40 ,long ere ! qu>t] 0 a half1 ,! *uckl+ cr[d _h ceas$ to laugh2 ,tight] 8 fright5$ jockey clung ,z 9 a mighty /ride he swung1 ,! gravel fly+ 9 8 track1 ,8 neck /ret*$ out1 8 e>s laid back1 ,8 tail ext5d$ all ! :ile ,beh9d him l a rat-tail file6 ,(f w5t a %oe1--away x spun1 ,%ot l a bullet f a gun2 ,! quak+ jockey %apes a pray] ,f scraps ( oa?s he us$ to swe>2 ,he drops 8 :ip1 he drops 8 re91 ,he clut*es fi]cely = ! mane2 ,he'll lose 8 hold1--he sways & reels1-- ,he'll slide b5ea? ^? trampl+ heels6 ,! knees ( _m a horseman quake1 ,! fl[]s on _m a bonnet %ake1 ,& %\ts arise f left & "r1 8,/ick on6 /ick on60 8,h\ld tight6 h\ld tight6 ,cl+ r\nd 8 neck2 & don't let g1-- ,t pace c't hold1--!re6 /eady6 :oa60 ,!n me?\ght ,i he>d a mell[ s\nd1 ,ga!r+ up f all ! l[] gr\nd2 ,n>r[+ 9 to :]e !y sat assembl$1 ,l[ voluptu\s music w9d+ trembl$1 ,wov'n 9 circles4 ,!y t he>d x sigh'd1 ,pant$ h&-9-h& ) faces pale1 ,swung !mselves1 & 9 l[ tones repli$2 ,till ! f\nta9 sp\t$1 %[]+ wide ,sleet ( diamond-drift & pe>ly hail4 ,!n ! music t\*'d ! gates & di$2 ,rose aga9 f :]e x seem'd to fail1 ,/orm'd 9 orbs ( song1 a gr[+ gale2 ,till ?rong+ 9 & 91 to :]e !y wait$1 ,z 'tw]e a hundr$-?roat$ night+ale1 ,! /rong tempe/u\s treble ?robb'd & palpitat$2 ,ran into its giddie/ :irl ( s\nd1 ,caught ! sp>kles1 & 9 circles1 ,purple gauzes1 gold5 hazes1 liquid mazes1 ,flung ! torr5t ra9b[ r\nd4 ,!n !y />t$ f _! places1 ,mov$ ) viol5ce1 *ang$ 9 hue1 ,caught ea* o!r ) wild grimaces1 ,half-invisible to ! view1 ,:eel+ ) precipitate paces ,to ! melody1 till !y flew1 ,hair1 & eyes1 & limbs1 & faces1 ,twi/$ h>d 9 fi]ce embraces1 ,l to ,furies1 l to ,graces1 ,da%'d toge!r 9 bl9d+ dew2 ,till1 kill'd ) "s luxuri\s agony1 ,! n]ve-dissolv+ melody ,flutt]'d headlong f ! sky4 ,let x n be suppos$ t any "o ( ! =ego+ extracts is to be read 9 uni=mly sl[ or uni=mly fa/ "t2 t w *ange ) ea* v>iation 9 ! importance ( ! ?\ght4 ,)\t attempt+ to =ce any int]pretation ^u ! /ud5t1 an illu/ration is app5d$ 9 :i* he may note h[ ! relative importance ( ! ideas affects ! rate ( movem5t 9 ! v>i\s phrases4 ,m$4 ,:]e=e rejoice8 ,:at conque/ br+s he home8 ,m$4 ,:at tribut>ies foll[ him to ,rome1 ,fa/4 ,to grace 9 captive bonds 8 *>iot :eels8 ,sl[4 ,y blocks1 y /ones1 y worse ?an s5seless ?+s6 ,v sl[4 ,o y h>d he>ts1 y cruel m5 ( ,rome1 ,m$4 & fa/4 ,knew y n ,pompey8 ,_m a "t & (t ,fa/4 ,h y climb'd up to walls & battlem5ts1 ,fa/4 ,to t[]s & w9d[s1 yea1 to *imney-tops1 ,m$4 ,y\r infants 9 y\r arms1 & !re h sat ,m$4 ,! livelong day1 ) pati5t expectation1 ,m$4 ,to see great ,pompey pass ! /reets ( ,rome3 ,m$4 ,& :5 y saw 8 *>iot b appe>1 ,fa/4 ,h y n made an univ]sal %\t1 ,fa/4 ,t ,tib] trembl$ und]nea? h] banks1 ,fa/4 ,to he> ! replication ( y\r s\nds ,fa/4 ,made 9 h] concave %ores8 ,sl[4 ,& d y n[ put on y\r be/ attire8 ,m$4 ,& d y n[ cull out a holiday8 ,m$4 ,& d y n[ /rew fl[]s 9 8 way1 ,fa/4 ,t comes 9 triumph ov] ,pompey's blood8 ,begone6 ,m$4 ,run to y\r h\ses1 fall ^u y\r knees1 ,sl[4 ,pray to ! gods to int]mit ! plague ,sl[4 ,t ne$s mu/ light on ?is +ratitude4 ,x mu/ be evid5t t x is v difficult to sugge/ by a ^w ! rate ( spe$ at :i* "o %\ld r5d] a giv5 l9e4 ,fa/ & sl[ are relative t]ms4 ,c]ta9 speak]s w\ld consid] sl[ read+ :at ano!r w\ld consid] mod]ate4 ,yet !re is on ! :ole a pretty g5]al agreem5t z to ! use ( ^! t]ms4 ,) ?is /atem5t1 we may proce$ to an analysis ( ! selection to ju/ify ! m>k+4 ,! citiz5s ( ,rome h j decl>$ to ! tribunes1 enemies ( ,caes>1 :y ! p are mak+ holiday3 8,we make holiday to see ,caes>1 & to rejoice 9 8 triumph40 ,:]eupon ,m>ullus1 "o ( ! tribunes1 beg9s 8 spee*1 endeavor+ to conv9ce ! mob t !re is absolutely no?+ ,caes> has done to m]it ?is ovation4 ,aft] ! ^w 8tribut>ies10 ! "t is accel]at$ = ! reason t all t foll[s1 to ! end ( ! qu]y1 is virtually repetiti\s1 be+ includ$ 9 ! idea ( tribut>ies4 ,! indicat$ m>k+ ( l9es f\r & five ne$s no ju/ification4 8,knew y n ,pompey80 is a "q conta9+ reproa*4 ,! latt] elem5t w t5d to ret>d ! movem5t4 8,_m a "t & (t0 is repetiti\s2 he is simply rem9d+ !m ( well-kn[n facts4 ,:5 ! speak] rea*es 8yea1 to *imney-tops10 ! importance ( ! idea is at once manife/ 9 ! sl[] "t1 :i* cont9ues to 8arms10 :5 x aga9 *anges to m$ium & fa/4 ,! /ud5t may f9d x a good drill to exam9e ! rema9+ l9es1 to see :e!r he agrees ) or diff]s f ! "t-m>k+s4 ,?us f> we h be5 consid]+ ! elem5t ( "t )\t reg>d to details4 ,x is n[ necess>y to note t "t may be affect$ 9 two ways3 by quantity & by pause4 ,by dwell+ ^u ! words ! "t may be ret>d$1 & ! same effect may be produc$ by frequ5t or long pauses4 ,9 ! =m] in/ance1 ! m9d is dwell+ ^u ! ?\ght :ile ! voice is giv+ x expression2 & 9 ! latt]1 ! m9d is dwell+ ^u ! idea or ! collat]al ?\ght betwe5 ! words or gr\ps4 ,! two me?ods may be illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ extract3 8,our ,fa!r1 :i* art 9 ,heav51 hall[$ be ,?y "n40 ,"o may read ?is ) b "o pause1 aft] 8,heav502 or he may appropriately pause aft] 8,fa!r10 8,heav510 & 8hall[$40 ,,gr\p+ ,/udy c>efully ! foll[+ extract1 & !n read x al\d3 ,b :5 ! gray dawn /ole into 8 t5t1 ,he rose1 & clad himself1 & girt 8 sword1 ,& took 8 horseman's cloak1 & left 8 t5t1 ,& w5t abroad into ! cold wet fog1 ,?r\gh ! dim camp to ,p]an-,wisa's t5t4 ,we notice a t5d5cy to break up ! s5t5ce into gr\ps ( v>y+ l5g?4 ,?is t5d5cy is m or less in/9ctive2 & :ile !re may be "s diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! numb] ( gr\ps1 yet x mu/ be conc$$ t !re is a def9ite und]ly+ pr9ciple1 :i* admits ( no exception4 ,= in/ance1 "o might read ! f\r? l9e z if x 7 b "o gr\p2 ano!r1 ) virtually ! same idea 9 m9d1 might divide x into two gr\ps at ! ^w 8abroad40 ,on ! o!r h&1 no "o w\ld read 9 ?is way3 8,& w5t abroad into !0--8cold wet fog ?r\gh0--8! dim camp to ,p]an-,wisa's t5t40 ,read ! foll[+ s5t5ces al\d c>efully1 & x w be notic$ t ! same pr9ciple ( gr\p+ obta9s3 ,! /> ( ,napoleon 0 j ris+ to its z5i? z t ( ,wa%+ton 0 pass+ away4 ,! "n & memory ( ,wa%+ton w travel ) ! ,silv] ,que5 ( ,heav5 ?r\gh sixty degrees ( longitude1 nor "p company ) h] till %e walks 9 h] brightness ?r\gh ! ,gold5 ,gate ( ,cali=nia1 & passes s]5ely on to hold midnight c\rt ) h] ,au/ralian ,/>s4 ,! read+ ( ^! illu/rations %[s t gr\p+ is entirely indep5d5t ( punctuation4 ,x is true t ! spok5 gr\p may co9cide ) ! grammatical gr\p1 b t is m]ely an accid5t4 ,we gr\p z we d1 n because ( punctuation m>ks1 b = m fundam5tal & less conv5tional reasons4 ,! function ( ! punctuation m>k is to assi/ ! read] 9 gett+ ! au?or's ?\ght4 ,! foll[+ example w illu/rate ?is3 ,! slaves :o 7 9 ! hold ( ! vessel _h be5 captur$ 9 ,africa4 ,x is pla9 t ! clause introduc$ by 8:o0 is a re/rictive "o1 & implies t !re 7 o!r slaves on ! vessel besides ^? m5tion$4 ,if we n[ ins]t commas aft] 8slaves0 & 8vessel10 ! s5t5ce becomes equival5t to1 ,! slaves1 & !y 7 all 9 ! hold ( ! vessel1 _h be5 captur$ 9 ,africa4 ,note1 aga91 h[ ! s5se w\ld be obscur$ if ! au?or _h omitt$ ! comma aft] 8all0 9 ?is extract3 ,= we are all1 l swimm]s 9 ! sea1 ,pois$ on ! top ( a huge wave ( fate4 ,we are n l swimm]s 9 ! sea1 b pois$ on ! top ( a huge wave ( fate1 z swimm]s 9 ! sea are pois$ on waves ( wat]4 ,to prove t gr\p+ is indep5d5t ( punctuation1 let ! /ud5t read al\d ! foll[+ illu/rations3 ,b1 look y1 ,cassius1 ,! angry spot do? gl[ on ,caes>'s br[4 ,i saw ,m>k ,antony (f] him a cr[n2 &1 z ,i told y1 he put x by once2 b1 = all t1 to my ?9k+ he w\ld h _h x 444 &1 = m9e own "p1 ,i d>e n laugh4 ,9 ! two prec$+ extracts1 ! read] w\ld h>dly pause aft] 8,b10 8y10 & ! 8&'s40 ,:ile we are on ! subject ( punctuation1 x may be advisable to look at a few examples 9 :i* ! und]/&+ ( ! =ce ( punctuation vitally affects ! read+4 ,9 ^! l9es f ,t5nyson's ,ode on ! ,dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 /ud5ts c>elessly connect ! phrase 8sad & sl[0 ) 8,lead out ! pageant40 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a mom5t's ?\ght mu/ %[ u t ! op5+ s5t5ce is complete 9 itself1 & t 8sad & sl[0 modifies 8g40 ,a c>eful read+ ( ! text w\ld reveal ?is1 b a m9d t _h be5 tra9$ to obs]ve ^! matt]s ( punctuation w\ld h obs]v$ at once t ! colon sep>at$ ! two ideas1 &1 fur!r1 t ! ^w modifi$ by 8sad & sl[0 0 to be s\ght fur!r on4 ,"h is ! passage3 ,lead out ! pageant3 sad & sl[1 ,z fits a univ]sal woe1 ,let ! long long procession g1 ,& let ! sorr[+ cr[d ab\t x gr[1 ,& let ! m\rnful m>tial music fl[1 ,! la/ great ,engli%man is l[4 ,ano!r passage1 f ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 is equally int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,%ylock says3 ,yet 8 means are 9 supposition2 he ha? an argosy b\nd to ,tripolis1 ano!r to ! ,indies2 ,i und]/& moreov] ^u ! ,rialto1 he ha? a ?ird to ,mexico1 a f\r? = ,engl&2 & o!r v5tures he ha?1 squ&]$ abroad4 ,sev5 /ud5ts out ( t5 read ! la/ s5t5ce z if 8ha? squ&]$0 7 ! v]b4 ,! comma aft] 8ha?0 %[s ?is to be a mi/ake1 &1 moreov]1 d5otes a %ade ( mean+ t is v significant ( ,%ylock's "*4 ,! object 9 giv+ ^! illu/rations has be5 to free ! /ud5t f a v common misconception t ! gr\p is det]m9$ by ! punctuation m>k1 &1 fur!r1 to draw 8 att5tion to ! necessity ( scann+ ! punctuation ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,z a rule1 ! words are 9 !mselves suffici5t index ( ! au?or's mean+2 b1 z 9 ! cases cit$1 !re are times :5 c>elessness reg>d+ punctuation leads to s]i\s & ridicul\s misund]/&+4 ,! punctuation w make ! s5se cle> :]ev] su* help is necess>y2 b aft] t1 z f> z gr\p+ is conc]n$1 ! /ud5t ne$ give x no fur!r att5tion4 ,9 ord] to impress ! fact t gr\p+ & punctuation are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 ! foll[+ examples %\ld be ?\ghtfully consid]$ & !n read al\d3 ,s e bondman 9 8 own h& be>s ,! p[] to cancel 8 captivity4 ,& z ! greate/ only are1 ,9 8 simplicity sublime4 ,note t 8only0 modifies 8greate/10 & h5ce %\ld be sep>at$ f 8are40 ,if ! s5t5ce 7 prose1 x w\ld read1 8,& z only ! greate/ are10 9 :i* case !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 ! read+4 ,z x is1 we mu/ br+ out ! relation by c>eful gr\p+4 ,! fir/ object ( a free p is ! pres]vation ( _! lib]ty2 & lib]ty is only to be pres]v$ by ma9ta9+ con/itutional re/ra9ts & j divisions ( political p[]4 ,soon aft] ,william ,h4 ,h>rison's nom9ation1 a writ] 9 "o ( ! lead+ adm9i/ration pap]s spoke ( 8 8log cab90 & 8 use ( 8h>d cid]10 by way ( sne] & reproa*4444 ,x did n happ5 to me to be born 9 a log cab91 b my eld] bro!rs & si/]s 7 born 9 a log cab91 rais$ amid ! sn[drifts ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 at a p]iod s e>ly t1 :5 ! smoke rose f its rude *imney & curl$ ov] ! froz5 hills1 !re 0 no simil> evid5ce ( a :ite man's habitation betwe5 x & ! settlem5ts on ! riv]s ( ,canada4 ,! foll[+ example is an excell5t "o to illu/rate ! necessity ( pay+ c>eful att5tion to gr\p+3 ,( ,man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e ,br\ght dea? into ! _w1 & all our woe1 ,) loss ( ,ed51 till "o great] ,man ,re/ore u1 & rega9 ! blissful seat1 ,s+1 ,heav5ly ,muse1 t on ! secret top ,( ,oreb1 or ( ,s9ai1 did/ inspire ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught ! *os5 se$1 ,9 ! beg9n+ h[ ! ,heav'ns & ,e>? ,rose out ( ,*aos4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! _s did n tea* ! %eph]d 89 ! beg9n+10 b 8h[ ! ,heav'ns & ,e>? rose0 9 ! beg9n+1 8out ( ,*aos40 ,if we turn ?is la/ s5t5ce into prose1 x w assi/ u 9 gett+ ! poet's mean+ & consequ5tly 9 giv+ ! correct r5dition4 ,,! ,,pause ,,z ,,an ,,expressive ,,elem5t ,9 ! /udy ( gr\p+1 ! /ud5t notic$ t ! gr\ps 7 sep>at$ by pauses ( v>y+ duration4 ,x may be said t ! pauses 7 ! results ( ! gr\p+ r ?an t ! gr\p+ 0 ! result ( ! pauses4 ,9 o!r words1 ! pause c\ld h>dly be call$ expressive4 ,we are n[ to /udy ! pause z an expressive elem5t4 ,no def9ite rule c be laid d[n = paus+2 t is det]m9$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 by ! temp]am5t1 ! nature ( ! ?\ght1 & ! occasion4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ! pause is n m]e sil5ce4 ,a v little obs]vation w %[ u t :ile ! voice ceases1 ! ?\ght cont9ues to manife/ itself 9 pantomimic expression4 ,:at is x1 !n1 t det]m9es ! pause8 ,! answ] has a tw(old aspect4 ,fir/1 paus+ is an in/9ctive process1 & comes z ! result ( c]ta9 psy*ological processes4 ,we ?9k 9 ideas1 n 9 individual words1 & ^! ideas are sep>at$ 9 our m9ds by pauses ( v>y+ l5g?4 ,we d n /op to consid] :e!r or no we %all pause betwe5 ! phrases ( a s5t5ce2 ! pause1 z has be5 /at$1 comes in/9ctively1 & is a manife/ation ( psy*o-psy*ological action4 ,9 ! second place1 ! pause is made z ! result1 to a great] or less degree1 ( collat]al ?9k+4 ,9 o!r words1 any giv5 idea may call up ano!r tra9 ( ?\ght1 ) :i* ! m9d may engage itself1 & su* engagem5t w\ld f9d actual expression 9 ! pause4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! collat]al ?9k+ may take ! m9d backw>d or =w>d4 ,accord+ to ! am\nt ( ?is collat]al ?9k+ w be ! duration ( ! pause4 ,an extract f ! play ( ,julius ,caes> w illu/rate ?is po9t4 ,9 ! fif? act1 ,brutus & ,cassius h tak5 _! 8ev]la/+ f>ewell10 & ,brutus ends ! int]view ) ^! words3 ,:y !n1 lead on4--,o1 t a man might "k ,! end ( ?is day's bus9ess1 ere x come6 ,b x suffice?1 t ! day w end1 ,& !n ! end is kn[n4 ,! fir/ f\r words ( ?is spee* are address$ to ! onlook]s4 ,! ^w 8on0 takes ! m9d ( ! ?\ghtful & consid]ate lead] to ! battlefield :]e ! fate ( ,rome is to be decid$4 ,he p]ceives t ! future ( 8 belov$ city hangs trembl+ 9 ! balance4 ,! appe>ance on ! prec$+ night ( ! gho/ ( ,caes>1 w>n+ him t x w see him at ,philippi1 fills ,brutus ) appreh5sion4 ,& !n1 h[ _m ( 8 foll[]s1 n[ s ready to d battle "u 8 /&>d1 w1 ere night1 lie cold 9 dea? ^u ! bloody field6 ,all ?is & m passes ?r\gh 8 m9d1 & 8 solicitude & appreh5sion manife/ !mselves 9 8 features & 9 8 body4 ,!n ev5 ! /oical ,brutus _c repress 8 anxiety1 :i* we note 9 ! words1 8,o1 t a man might "k40 ,?is extract1 !re=e1 well illu/rates :at 0 said above1--t ! pause1 z we "h consid] x1 is n m]e sil5ce1 b cessation ( voice :ile ! expression cont9ues 9 ! body4 ,9 ! second place1 x is pla9 t ! collat]al ?9k+ det]m9es ! l5g? ( ! pause4 ,ano!r elem5t t det]m9es ! duration ( ! pause is ! di/ance ap>t ( ! ?\ghts sep>at$ by ! pause4 ,let u illu/rate ?is3 ,if ?is law 7 put ^u our /atute books !re w\ld n be1 five ye>s f to-day1 a diss5t+ voice rais$ aga9/ x f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,let x n be und]/ood t !re are no occasions :5 ! phrase 8f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific0 w\ld n be utt]$ ) sc>cely any pause aft] ,atlantic4 ,?is phrase1 & o!rs l x1 may h become a m]e commonplace to describe ext5t2 b 9 su* a passage z ! above1 :]e ! speak] is hyp]bolically expressive1 he no d\bt int5ds to convey ! idea t n "o objection w\ld be he>d ev5 9 all ! ?ree ?\s& miles betwe5 ! oceans4 ,if ! /ud5t w /op = a mom5t to analyze 8 own consci\sness :ile utt]+ ?is s5t5ce1 he w sc>cely fail to see ! va/ ext5t ( t]ritory sep>at+ ! two oceans4 ,_m writ]s on ! subject h giv5 emotion z a reason = ! pause4 ,/rictly speak+1 h[ev]1 emotion1 z di/9ct f ?9k+1 seldom or nev] is ! cause ( ! pause1 unless x completely *oke ! utt]ance4 ,9 ! example quot$ above f ,julius ,caes> !re is no d\bt consid]able emotion dur+ ! pause2 b x is ! ?\ght1 & n ! emotion aris+ out ( x1 t leads to ! sil5ce4 ,! foll[+ exc]pt is f ! spee* ( ,satan 9 ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,satan has be5 curs+ 8 lot & ! au?or ( 8 puni%m5t4 ,f9ally1 8 judgm5t tells him t he himself1 & n ,god1 is responsible = ! d[nfall4 ,! pauses1 indicat$ by ! v]tical l9es1 are sugge/ive ( ! prop] r5dition4 ,( c\rse1 ! pauses v>y 9 duration f ! briefe/ cessation ( voice to pauses ( consid]able l5g?3 ,nay1 curs'd be ?\2 s9ce aga9/ 8 ?y w ,*ose freely :at x n[ s ju/ly rues4 ,me mis]able6 :i* way %all ,i fly ,inf9ite wra?1 & inf9ite despair8 ,:i* way ,i fly is ,hell2 myself am ,hell2 ,& 9 ! l[e/ deep a l[] deep ,/ill ?reat'n+ to dev\r me op5s wide ,to :i* ! ,hell ,i suff] seems a ,heav'n4 ,b say ,i c\ld rep5t & c\ld obta9 ,by act ( grace my =m] /ate1 h[ soon ,w\ld height recall high ?\ghts1 h[ soon unsay ,:at feign'd submission swore4 ,?is kn[s my puni%]2 !re=e z f> ,f grant+ he1 z ,i f begg+ peace4 ,! /ud5t %\ld practice ! foll[+ examples until he p]ceives cle>ly ! =ce ( ! prec$+ pr9ciples4 ,! gr\p is ! ?\ght unit1 & ! prop] r5dition ( ! s5t5ce dep5ds ^u our grasp ( ! units t compose x4 ,h5ce1 a consci5ti\s /udy ( ! phras+ w lead n only to c>eful gr\p+1 b to a grasp ( ! ?\ght 9 its entirety t _c fail to affect = good ! read+ ( ! :ole selection3 444 & !re 7 drawn ,^u a heap a hundr$ gha/ly wom5 ,trans=m$ ) _! fe>1 :o swore !y saw ,m5 all 9 fire walk up & d[n ! /reets4 ,he 7 no lion1 7 n ,romans h9ds4 ,^? t ) ha/e w make a mighty fire ,beg9 x ) weak /raws4 ,a piece ( "w t w make sick m5 :ole4 ,dang] kn[s full well ,t ,caes> is m dang]\s ?an he4 ,we are two lions litt]'d 9 "o day1 ,& ,i ! eld] & m t]rible4 ,no m 9 soldi] fa%ion w he greet ,) lift$ h& ! gaz] 9 ! /reet4 ,be=e ! />ry ?re%old ( ,jove's c\rt ,my mansion is1 :]e ^? immortal %apes ,( bright a]ial spirits liv$ insph]'d ,9 regions mild ( calm & s]5e air4 ,:e!r 'tis nobl] 9 ! m9d to suff] ,! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s =tune1 ,or to take arms aga9/ a sea ( tr\bles1 ,& by oppos+ end !m8 ,& ! sunset pal$ & w>m$ once m ,) a s(t]1 t5d]] aft]gl[2 ,9 ! ea/ 0 moonrise ) boats (f-%ore2 ,& sails 9 ! di/ance drift+ sl[4 ,o may ,i jo9 ! *oir invisible ,( ^? immortal dead :o live aga9 ,9 ! m9ds made bett] by _! pres5ce3 ,moses1 :o spake ) ,god z ) 8 fri5d1 ,& rul$ 8 p ) ! tw(old p[] ,( wisdom t c d>e & /ill be meek1 ,0 writ+ 8 la/ ^w1 ! sacr$ "n ,unutt]able ( t ,et]nal ,w ,:i* 0 & is & ev]more %all be4 ,we /ood f> (f & saw ! angels lift ,8 corpse al(t until !y seem$ a /> ,t burnt itself away )9 ! sky4 ,mess] ,b]nado del ,n]o 0 z inexorable z ,romola _h expect$ 9 8 advice t ! m>riage %\ld be def]r$ till ,ea/]1 & 9 ?is matt] ,b>do 0 entirely "u ! asc5d5cy ( 8 sagaci\s & practical fri5d4 ,nev]!less1 ,b]nado himself1 ?\gh he 0 z f> z ev] f any susceptibility to ! p]sonal fasc9ation 9 ,tito :i* 0 felt by o!rs1 c\ld n altoge!r resi/ t argum5t ( success :i* is always p[]ful ) m5 ( ! _w4 ,"s ( ! s(t5+ effects ( advanc+ age h /ruck me v mu* 9 :at ,i h he>d or se5 "h & else:]e4 ,i j n[ spoke ( ! sweet5+ process t au?ors und]go4 ,d y "k t 9 ! gradual passage f maturity to helplessness ! h>%e/ *>act]s sometimes h a p]iod 9 :i* !y are g5tle & placid z "y *ildr58 ,i h he>d x said1 b ,i _c be sponsor = its tru?1 t ! fam\s *iefta91 ,lo*iel1 0 rock$ 9 a cradle l a baby1 9 8 old age4 ,an old man1 ^: /udies _h be5 ( ! sev]e/ s*ola/ic k9d1 us$ to love to he> little nurs]y /ories read ov] & ov] to him4 ,"o :o saw ! ,duke ( ,well+ton 9 8 la/ ye>s describes him z v g5tle 9 8 aspect & demeanor4 ,i rememb] a p]son ( s+ul>ly /]n & l(ty be>+ :o became rem>kably graci\s & easy 9 all 8 ways 9 ! lat] p]iod ( 8 life4 ,:atev] ,lionel _h said to 8 wife t ev5+ %e _h f\nd some?+ to say to him3 t ,laura c\ld see ?\gh n s mu* f any *ange 9 ! simple expression ( 8 little r$ face & 9 ! va9 bu/le ( 8 exi/5ce z f ! gr& mann] 9 :i* ,sel9a n[ c>ri$ h]self4 ,%e 0 8sm>t]0 ?an ev] & h] wai/ 0 small] & h] back /raight] & ! fall ( h] %\ld]s f9]2 h] long eyes 7 m oddly *>m+ & ! extreme deta*m5t ( h] elb[s f h] sides conduc$ /ill m to ! exhibition ( h] beautiful arms4 ,at ! mom5t :5 dea? s sudd5ly /ay$ 8 c\rse ! greatness ( ,h5ry ! ,fif? _h rea*$ its highe/ po9t4 ,he _h won ! ,*ur* by 8 or?odoxy1 ! nobles by 8 w>like pr[ess1 ! :ole p by 8 revival ( ! glories ( ,crecy & ,poiti]s4 ,9 ,france 8 cool policy _h trans=m$ him f a =eign conqu]or into a legal heir to ! cr[n2 8 title ( ,reg5t & ( successor to ! ?rone re/$ on ! =mal recognition ( ! e/ates ( ! realm2 & 8 progress to ! v mom5t ( 8 dea? promis$ a spe$y ma/]y ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,b ! glory ( ,ag9c\rt & ! g5ius ( ,h5ry ! ,fif? h>dly veil$ at ! close ( 8 reign ! weakness & humiliation ( ! ,cr[n :5 ! succession pass$ to 8 infant son4 ,,p$agogical ,,aspects ,f :at has be5 /at$1 x mu/ be cle> t drills 9 fa/ "t or sl[ "t are useless & fraught ) mu* dang] ( affectation4 ,any ( u c read sl[ly or rapidly2 t is m]ely a matt] ( me*anics4 ,! object to be atta9$ is ! developm5t ( su* p[] ( discrim9ation 9 ! *ild t ! value ( ea* phrase & s5t5ce %all be c>efully det]m9$2 & !n ! degree ( ext5t1 dep?1 sublimity or gr&eur ( ! ?\ght w det]m9e ! rate ( movem5t4 ,tra9+ 9 ,"t = its own sake is valueless4 ,f ! v beg9n+1 ! tea*] mu/ use ,"t z a te/1 z a /&>d ( criticism2 & all corrections mu/ be made ) a cle> p]ception on ! "p ( ! tea*] ( ! psy*ology ( ,"t4 ,if a *ild read too rapidly1 x is because 8 m9d is n suffici5tly occupi$ ) ! ?\ght2 if he read too sl[ly1 x is because he does n get ! words2 or because he is temp]am5tally sl[2 or because1 & ?is is ! mo/ likely explanation1 he is mak+ too mu* ( a small idea4 ,! only excuse = drills 9 ,"t is :5 a pupil reads ev]y?+ at ab\t ! same rate4 ,9 su* a case1 9 ! upp] grades1 ! tea*] may *oose c]ta9 selections = ! prop] expression ( :i* approximately fa/ or sl[ movem5t1 z ! case may be1 w\ld be requir$4 ,!n let ! tea*]1 ?r\gh c>eful analysis & "q1 lead ! *ild to und]/& ! passages z ! tea*] und]/&s !m1 & ! prop] rate ( utt]ance w foll[4 ,?is process may seem sl[2 b let u be> 9 m9d t we are deal+ ) fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ?9k+1 & too mu* "t _c be sp5t 9 build+ our f\ndations /rong & solid4 ,fur!rmore1 if ! rate ( utt]ance is n ! in/9ctive manife/ation ( ! *ild's ?\ght measurem5t1 x is no?+ at all4 ,to tell him to read fa/ or sl[ly is b to make him affect$1 & incid5tally1 ev5 if unconsci\sly1 to impress ^u him t read+ is a matt] ( me*anics & n ( ?\ght-gett+ & ?\ght-giv+4 ,9 ord] to tea* gr\p+1 v>i\s rules h be5 laid d[n4 ,pupils h committ$ a long li/ ( ^! )\t mu* practical b5efit4 ,a few ( ^! rules are giv5 to %[ ! me*anical nature ( su* a me?od ( tea*+4 8,9 e direct p]iod1 ! pr9cipal pause comes at t "p :]e ! s5se beg9s to =m1 or ! expectation excit$ by ! fir/ memb] beg9s to be answ]$40 ,or1 8,a loose s5t5ce requires a long] pause betwe5 its fir/ memb] 7usually a p]iod direct or inv]t$71 & ! additional memb] :i* does n modify x40 ,&1 aga91 8,:]e ! adjective foll[s ! sub/antive or n\n x modifies1 & has modifi]s ( its own1 con/itut+ a descriptive phrase1 x %\ld be sep>at$ f its n\n by a %ort pause40 ,n[1 x may be q true t ^! rules are valid1 b is x n cle> t ! p$agogy :i* makes use ( !m 9 ! e>li] /ages approa*es ! subject f ! wrong side8 ,x lays /ress ^u ! objective r ?an ^u ! subjective aspect4 ,! pause %\ld nev] be taught m]ely z pause4 ,if ! pr9ciples h]e9 discuss$ h any mean+1 !y mu/ surely tea* u t ! pause mu/ come spontane\sly4 ,! p$agogic po9t to be rememb]$ is t ! pupil mu/ be tra9$ to extract ! ?\ght piece by piece1 & to express x4 ,! pause w !n appe> )\t consci\sness4 ,! attempt to tea* pauses z su* mu/ result 9 me*anical sil5ces1 dur+ :i* ! face ( ! pupil is a p]fect blank1 ! indubitable sign ( m5tal blankness4 ,x %\ld c]ta9ly n[ be cle> t x is wrong to draw ! att5tion ( ! pupil to ! pause z su*1 & t x is useless & (t5 mislead+ to give him at ! beg9n+ rules ( paus+4 ,we mu/ approa* ! pr9t$ page 9 ! _s ) :i* we approa* "o :o is speak+ to u1 &1 hav+ grasp$ ! mean+1 repeat ! ideas4 ,!n ! pauses w come z ! unconsci\s expression ( c]ta9 def9ite m5tal action4 ,p]haps !re is no bett] way ( br++ home to ! read] ! psy*ological action ly+ beh9d gr\p+ & paus+ ?an by call+ 8 att5tion to a *apt] f a brief b mo/ attractive "w by ,erne/ ,leg\v1 ( ! ,cons]vatoire ,franaise3 ,to conclude :at we h to say on ! fir/ portion ( our subject1 ! mat]ial "p ( read+1 we mu/ n[ occupy ourselves a little ) :at may be call$ punctuation4 ,! tongue punctuates z well z ! p54 ,"o day1 ,samson1 sitt+ at 8 desk1 sees himself approa*$ by a "y man app>5tly pretty well satisfi$ ) himself4 8,y wi% to take read+ lessons1 sir80 8,yes1 ,monsieur ,samson40 8,h y _h "s practice 9 read+ al\d80 8,o yes1 ,monsieur ,samson1 ,i h (t5 recit$ :ole passages f ,corneille & ,molire40 8,9 public80 8,yes1 ,monsieur ,samson40 8,) success80 8,well1 yes1 ,monsieur1 ,i ?9k ,i may flatt] myself t f>40 8,take up t book1 please4 ,x is ,fonta9e's ,fables4 ,op5 x at ! ,oak & ! ,re$4 ,let me he> y read a l9e or two40 ,! pupil beg9s3 8,! ,oak "o day1 said to ! ,re$----0 8,t's en\gh1 sir6 ,y don't "k any?+ ab\t read+60 8,x is because ,i don't "k mu*1 ,monsieur ,samson10 replies ! pupil1 a little nettl$1 8x is precisely because ,i don't "k mu* t ,i've come to y = lessons4 ,b ,i don't exactly compreh5d h[ f my mann] ( read+ a s+le v]se----0 8,read ! l9e aga91 sir40 ,he reads x aga93 8,! ,oak "o day1 said to ! ,re$----0 8,!re6 ,y c't read6 ,i told y s60 8,b----0 8,b10 int]rupts ,samson1 cold & dry1 8b :y d y jo9 ! adv]b to ! n\n r ?an to ! v]b8 ,:at k9d ( an ,oak is an ,oak "o day8 ,no k9d at all6 ,!re is no su* tree6 ,:y1 !n1 d y say3 ! ,oak "o day1 said to ! ,re$8 ,?is is ! way x %\ld g3 ! ,oak 7comma7 "o day said to ! ,re$4 ,y und]/&1 ( c\rse80 8,c]ta9ly ,i d10 replies ! o!r1 a new light break+ on him4 8,x seems z if !re %\ld be an invisible comma aft] ,oak60 8,y are "r1 sir10 cont9ues ! ma/]4 8,e passage has a d\ble set ( punctuation m>ks1 "o visible1 ! o!r invisible2 "o is ! pr9t]'s "w1 ! o!r ! read]'s40 8,! read]'s8 ,does ! read] also punctuate80 8,c]ta9ly he does1 q indep5d5tly too ( ! pr9t]'s po9ts1 ?\gh x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t sometimes bo? co9cide4 ,by a c]ta9 cad5c$ sil5ce ! read] m>ks 8 p]iod2 by a half sil5ce1 8 comma2 by a c]ta9 acc5t1 an int]rogation2 by a c]ta9 tone1 an exclamation4 ,& ,i mu/ assure y t x is exclusively on ! skillful di/ribution ( ^! ins5sible po9ts t n only ! int]e/ ( ! /ory1 b actually its cle>ness1 its compreh5sibility1 altoge!r dep5ds40 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,pit* ,! second crit]ion is t ( ,pit*4 ,by ,pit* is meant ev]y?+ t has to d ) ! acut5ess or gravity ( ! tone1--9 o!r words1 ) keys1 melodies1 inflections & modulations4 ,aga9 we are indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,raymond = a cle> /atem5t reg>d+ ?is mo/ subtle ( all ! elem5ts ( expression4 ,8 words are z foll[s3 8,! melody ( ! movem5t tak5 by ! voice repres5ts1 !re=e1 l ! melody 9 music1 ! m9d's motive1--indicates its purpose 9 us+ ! p>ticul> phraseology to :i* ! melody is appli$2 & because pit*1 ?r\gh ! k9ds ( inflections & melody *os51 reveals ! motives1 we %all f9d t ! use ( ?is elem5t 9 ord9>y conv]sation is con/antly caus+ precisely ! same phraseology to express entirely opposite mean+s40 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 x may be well to illu/rate ?is pr9ciple1 9 ord] t ! read] may foll[ m cle>ly ! subsequ5t discussion4 ,let u suppose "s "o to ask ! "q1 8,d y ?9k ,mr4 ,jones is a good tea*]80 & t ! reply is giv51 8,oh1 yes10 ) a melody t virtually says1 8,oh1 ,i suppose s2 he is n a v great tea*]2 9 fact1 !re are _m ?+s ab\t 8 tea*+ t might be a great deal bett]1 b he manages to get along40 ,n[1 all ( ?is p>aphrase1 :i* reveals ! motive1 is manife/$ 9 ! significant melody ^u ! two words1 8,oh1 yes40 ,let u suppose fur!r t a few days lat] ,mr4 ,jones comes to u & calls u to acc\nt = speak+ disp>ag+ly ( 8 tea*+4 8,:at10 we reply1 8we say any?+ aga9/ y\r tea*+6 ,:y1 :5 ,smi? ask$ u :e!r we consid]$ y a good tea*]1 we said 9 ! mo/ unequivocal mann]1 #8,oh1 yes'60 ,& ?is "t we utt] ! words ) /rong1 positive ass]tiv5ess4 ,! words 9 bo? cases are ! same1 b ! diff]5t melodies indicate entirely opposite motives beh9d ! words4 ,read al\d su* a s5t5ce z1 8,john rode to ! p>k la/ ,*ri/mas10 *ang+ ! mean+ by transf]r+ ! significant inflection successively to all ! important words1 ?us3 ,john rode to ! p>k la/ ,*ri/mas4 ,john rode to ! p>k la/ ,*ri/mas4 ,john rode to ! p>k la/ ,*ri/mas1 etc4 ,does x n appe> t1 ) ea* *ange 9 ! motive1 ! melody *anges8 ,we (t5 he> x said t 9 su* cases z ! la/ we h be5 *ang+ ! emphasis4 ,?is is true4 ,b emphasis is a broad t]m1 & "o (t5 confus$ ) =ce4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! *anges 9 ! successive read+s 7 *anges ( melody due 9 e case to *anges ( motive4 ,aga91 8,:5 we are 9 our graves our *ildr5 w honor x4 ,!y w celebrate x ) ?anksgiv+1 ) fe/ivities1 ) bonfires1 ) joy40 ,! inflections on ! la/ f\r n\ns w\ld probably be fall+4 ,:y8 ,because ea* w\ld be held to be ( suffici5t importance to be emphasiz$ by itself1 & cut (f f ! o!rs4 ,to read !m ) ris+ inflections w\ld be to manife/ ! fact t ! m9d 0 ?9k+ ( !m 9 ! aggregate4 ,once aga91 ! melody %[s ! motive4 ,! melody is an indubitable sign ( ! discrim9ative ability ( ! read]4 ,x is ! sev]e/ te/ ( 8 p[] to p]ceive s5se1 or logical1 relations4 ,s important a feature ( ! "w is ?is t x appe>s necess>y to emphasize x & to illu/rate x 9 _m ways4 ,bassanio desires to %[ 8 love = ,antonio4 ,he says3 ,antonio1 ,i am m>ri$ to a wife1 ,:i* is z de> to me z life itself2 ,b life itself1 my wife1 & all ! _w1 ,are n ) me e/eem'd above ?y life3 ,i w\ld lose all1 ay1 sacrifice !m all ,"h to ?is devil1 to deliv] y4 ,x is evid5t t he does n wi% to ass]t t he is m>ri$1 nor t he is m>ri$ to a wife2 b t he is m>ri$ to a wife z de> z life itself4 ,& yet _m a pupil reads ! passage z if ,bassanio 7 desir\s ( insi/+ ^u ! fact t he is m>ri$ to a wife4 ,n a v rem>kable condition ( affairs1 truly4 ,x is no argum5t to say t ! comma aft] 8wife0 indicates ! necessity ( a ris+ inflection on t ^w4 ,z has be5 already intimat$1 & z w be lat] develop$1 ! punctuation has no?+ to d ) ! inflection4 ,mean:ile ,k+ ,rob]t yield$ to 8 fate1 ,sull5 & sil5t & disconsolate4 ,dress$ 9 ! motley g>b t ,je/]s we>1 ,) look bewild]$1 & a vacant />e1 ,close %av5 above ! e>s1 z monks are %orn1 ,by c\rti]s mock$1 by pages laugh$ to scorn1 ,8 only fri5d ! ape1 8 only food ,:at o!rs left1--he /ill 0 unsubdu$4 ,9 ! prec$+ passage1 note t f ! ?ird l9e to ! clause at ! end ( ! s5t5ce ! m9d is glanc+ =w>d1 & ?is fact w be evid5t 9 ! ris+ inflection at ! end ( e important /atem5t4 ,notice1 fur!r1 t all ( ^! /atem5ts w be utt]$ 9 :at is virtually ! same melody4 ,! reason = ?is is t !y are co-ord9ate1 & hav+ ! same motive beh9d !m w be read ) ! same melody4 ,obs]ve ! diff]5t melodies 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & h[ ! diff]5ce manife/s ! v>y+ motive3 ,illu/ration3 ,i said "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five4 ,i said "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five4 ,i said "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five4 ,i said "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five4 ,i said "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five4 ,:5 ,m>k ,antony uses ! phrase1 8honorable m510 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 oration1 !re c be no d\bt t he avoids ev5 ! slighte/ indication ( s>casm 9 8 voice4 ,:atev] 8 ultimate purpose may be1 8 imm$iate int5tion is to conciliate ! mob4 ,?is purpose1 8 motive1 is %[n by ! unequivocal melody ) :i* he says3 ,"h1 "u leave ( ,brutus & ! re/1-- ,= ,brutus is an honorable man1 ,s are !y all1 all honorable m51-- ,come ,i to speak on ,caes>'s fun]al4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to consid] ?is aspect f>!r4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 exam9e ! subject 9 detail4 ,! fir/ consid]ation is t ( ,key4 ,key has be5 def9$ z 8! fundam5tal tone ( a movem5t to :i* its modulations are ref]r$1 & ) :i* x g5]ally beg9s & ends2 keynote40 7,web/]47 ,p]haps ! mean+ ( ! curr5t phrases 8high key0 & 8l[ key0 w make ! def9ition cle>4 ,:5 we say ( "o t he speaks 9 a high key1 we %\ld be und]/ood z mean+ t 8 pit* is prevail+ly high2 & t ! rev]se is true :5 we say ( "o t he speaks 9 a l[ key4 ,:ile x is true t ! key diff]s 9 individuals1 yet exp]i5ce %[s t )9 a note or two we all use ! same keys 9 express+ ! same /ates ( m9ds4 ,! "q = u is1 ,:at det]m9es ! key8 ,x c be set d[n z a fix$ pr9ciple t controll$ m5tal /ates are express$ 9 ! l[ keys1 :ile ! high keys are ! manife/ation ( ! less controll$ m5tal conditions4#a ,?is pr9ciple w be m readily und]/ood :5 we consid] ! /ates f9d+ expression 9 l[ or high key 9 music4 ,we %\ld h>dly awak5 mu* en?usiasm by play+ ,yankee ,doodle 9 a key an octave bel[ t 9 :i* x is writt52 nor %\ld we cat* ! subtle mean+ ( ,*op9's ,fun]al ,m>* if x 7 play$ 9 a key an octave high] ?an ! orig9al key4 ,let ! read] /udy ! _s ( ! foll[+ extracts1 & read !m al\d4 ,he w f9d 9 su* practice ! be/ pro( ( ! tru? ( ! pr9ciple we are "h discuss+3 ,ov] 8 keys ! mus+ organi/1 ,beg9n+ d\btfully & f> away1 ,fir/ lets 8 f+]s w&] z !y li/1 ,& builds a bridge f ,dreaml& = 8 lay3 ,!n1 z ! t\* ( 8 lov$ in/rum5t ,gives hope & f]vor1 ne>] draws 8 !me1 ,fir/ guess$ by fa9t auroral flu%es s5t ,along ! wav]+ vi/a ( 8 dream4 --,! ,vision ( ,sir ,launfal4 ,,l[ell4 ,x is b a leg5d1 ,i "k1-- ,a fable1 a phantom1 a %[1 ,( ! anci5t ,rabb9ical lore2 ,yet ! old m$ival tradition1 ,! beautiful1 /range sup]/ition1 ,b haunts me & holds me ! m4 ,:5 ,i look f my w9d[ at night1 ,& ! welk9 above is all :ite1 ,all ?robb+ & pant+ ) />s1 ,among !m maje/ic is /&+ ,s&alphon ! angel1 exp&+ ,8 p9ions 9 nebul\s b>s4 ,& ! leg5d1 ,i feel1 is a "p ,( ! hung] & ?ir/ ( ! he>t1 ,! fr5zy & fire ( ! bra91 ,t grasps at ! fruitage =bidd51 ,! gold5 pomegranates ( ,ed51 ,to quiet its fev] & pa94 --,s&alphon4 ,,longfell[4 ,i _h a dream1 :i* 0 n all a dream4 ,! bright sun 0 ext+ui%$2 & ! />s ,did w&] d>kl+ 9 ! et]nal space1 ,rayless1 & pa?less2 & ! icy e>? ,swung bl9d & black5+ 9 ! moonless air2 ,morn came1 & w5t1--& came1 & br\ght no day4 ,! _w 0 void2 ,! popul\s & ! p[]ful 0 a lump1-- ,seasonless1 h]bless1 treeless1 manless1 lifeless1-- ,a lump ( dea?--a *aos ( h>d clay4 ,! riv]s1 lakes1 & ocean1 all /ood /ill2 ,& no?+ /irr$ )9 _! sil5t dep?s3 ,%ips1 sailorless1 lay rott+ on ! sea2 ,& _! ma/s fell d[n piecemeal3 z !y dropp$1 ,!y slept on ! abyss )\t a surge2-- ,! waves 7 dead2 ! tides 7 9 _! grave2 ,! moon1 _! mi/ress1 _h expir$ be=e2 ,! w9ds 7 )]$ 9 ! /agnant air2 ,& ! cl\ds p]i%$3 ,d>kness _h no ne$ ,( aid f !m1 ,%e--0 ! univ]se4 --,d>kness4 ,,byron4 ,a fool1 a fool6--,i met a fool i' ?' =e/1 ,a motley fool2--a mis]able _w6-- ,z ,i d live by food1 ,i met a fool2 ,:o laid him d[n1 & bask'd him 9 ! sun1 ,& rail'd on lady ,=tune 9 good t]ms1 ,9 good set t]ms1--& yet a motley fool4 8,good morr[1 fool10 quo? ,i2 8,no1 sir10 quo? he1 8,call me n fool1 till heav'n ha? s5t me =tune20 ,& !n he drew a dial f 8 poke3 ,& look+ on x ) lack-lu/re eye1 ,says1 v wisely1 8,x is t5 o'clock2 ,?us may we see10 quo? he1 8h[ ! _w wags2 ',tis b an h\r ago1 s9ce x 0 n9e2 ,& aft] "o h\r m 'twill be elev52 ,& s1 f h\r to h\r1 we ripe & ripe1 ,& !n1 f h\r to h\r1 we rot & rot1 ,& !reby hangs a tale40 ,:5 ,i did he> ,! motley fool ?us moral on ! "t1 ,my lungs began to cr[ l *anticle]1 ,t fools %\ld be s deep contemplative4 ,& ,i did laugh1 sans int]mission ,an h\r by 8 dial4 ,o noble fool6 ,a wor?y fool6 ,motley's ! only we>4 --,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #g4 ,ha/e !e1 nymph1 & br+ ) !e ,je/1 & y\?ful jollity1 ,quips1 & cranks1 & wanton wiles1 ,nods1 & becks1 & wrea!d smiles1 ,su* z hang on ,hebe's *eek1 ,& love to dwell 9 dimple sleek2 ,come1 & trip x z ye g1 ,on ! light fanta/ic toe4 --,l',allegro4 ,,milton4 ,:]e sweeps r\nd ! m\nta9s ,! cl\d on ! gale1 ,& /reams f _! f\nta9s ,leap into ! vale1-- ,l fright$ de] leap :5 ,! /orm ) 8 pack ,rides ov] ! /eep 9 ,! wild torr5t's track1-- ,ev5 !re my free home is2 ,!re wat* ,i ! flocks ,w&] :ite z ! foam is ,9 /airways ( rocks4 ,secure 9 ! gorge !re ,9 fre$om we s+1 ,& laugh at ,k+ ,george1 :]e ,! eagle is k+4 --,song4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,read4 ,! reason = l[ pit* or high pit* is psy*o-physiological4 ,n]ve t5sion means muscul> t5sion1 &1 s9ce ! muscles controll+ ! vocal *ords are subject to ! same laws z ! o!r muscles1 ! great] ! t5sion ! high] ! pit*4 ,h5ce1 s9ce :at we h call$ ! controll$ /ates are accompani$ by relatively l[ muscul> t5sion1 x necess>ily foll[s t !y w be express$ 9 relatively l[ keys4 ,! desire to communicate ?\ght to ano!r has a t5d5cy to raise ! key4 ,to illu/rate3 if we are address+ an audi5ce 9 a small room1 we %all speak 9 a mod]ately l[ key4 ,if ! auditorium is l>ge1 ! key w be high]4 ,if we are speak+ 9 ! op5 air1 ! *ances are t we %all use a key consid]ably above t ( ord9>y conv]sation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 "o is commun+ ) himself1 ! abs5ce ( desire to rea* o!rs removes ! t5sion1 & 9 consequ5ce ! pit* is l[4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t all soliloquies are n read 9 l[ key4 ,soliloquies are (t5 full ( uncontroll$ passion1 9 :i* case ! pr9ciple fir/ laid d[n w\ld apply1 & ! pit* w\ld be high1 accord+ to ! degree ( t5sion4 ,:at has be5 said 9 ?is p>agraph we may sum up 9 a few words3 ^? /ates 9 :i* !re is /rong desire to communicate 7objective /ates7 are manife/$ 9 high key2 :ile ! introspective 7subjective7 /ates f9d expression 9 ! l[] keys4 ,h5ry ,v41 incit+ 8 soldi]s to attack ! enemy's =tifications1 says3 ,once m unto ! brea*1 de> fri5ds1 once m2 ,or close ! wall up ) our ,engli% dead6 ,9 peace1 !re's no?+ s becomes a man1 ,z mode/ /illness1 & humility3 ,b :5 ! bla/ ( w> bl[s 9 our e>s1 ,!n imitate ! action ( ! tig]2 ,/iff5 ! s9ews1 summon up ! blood1 ,disguise fair nature ) h>d-favor'd rage3 ,!n l5d ! eye a t]rible aspect2 ,let x pry ?r\gh ! portage ( ! head1 ,l ! brass cannon2 let ! br[ o'er:elm x1 ,z fe>fully z do? a galld rock ,o'erhang & jutty 8 conf\nd$ base1 ,swill'd ) ! wild & wa/eful ocean4 ,n[ set ! tee?1 & /ret* ! no/ril wide2 ,hold h>d ! brea?1 & b5d up e _s ,to 8 full height6--,on1 on1 y noble/ ,engli%1 ,^: blood is fet f fa!rs ( w>-pro(6-- 99 99 99 99 99 ,! game's afoot2 ,foll[ y\r _s3 &1 ^u ?is *>ge1 ,cry--,god = ,h>ry6 ,engl&6 & ,sa9t ,george6 --,h5ry ,v41 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,! t5sion ( ! speak] is evid5tly high1 ow+ to ! exhil>ation ( ! mom5t1 & to ! desire to project 8 voice 7( :i* he may be unconsci\s71 & consequ5tly ! key w be high4 ,x is ! joy ( ! ,engli% p t ,t5nyson voices 9 8 ,welcome to ,alex&ra4 ,aga9 ! key is relatively high4 ,sea-k+s' daught] f ov] ! sea1 ,alex&ra6 ,saxon & ,norman & ,dane are we1 ,b all ( u ,danes 9 our welcome ( !e1 ,alex&ra6 ,welcome h]1 ?und]s ( =t & ( fleet6 ,welcome h]1 ?und]+ *e] ( ! /reet6 ,welcome h]1 all ?+s y\?ful & sweet1 ,scatt] ! blossoms "u h] feet6 ,break1 happy l&1 into e>li] fl[]s6 ,make music1 ,o bird1 9 ! new-budd$ b[]s6 ,blazon y\r mottoes ( bless+ & pray]6 ,welcome h]1 welcome h]1 all t is ours6 ,w>ble1 ,o bugle1 & trumpet1 bl>e6 ,flags1 flutt] out ^u turrets & t[]s6 ,flames1 on ! w9dy headl& fl>e6 ,utt] y\r jubilee1 /eeple & spire6 ,cla%1 ye bells1 9 ! m]ry ,m>* air6 ,fla%1 ye cities1 9 riv]s ( fire6 ,ru% to ! ro(1 sudd5 rocket1 & high] ,melt into />s = ! l&'s desire6 ,roll & rejoice1 jubilant voice1 ,roll z a gr\nd-swell da%$ on ! /r&1 ,ro> z ! sea :5 x welcomes ! l&1 ,& welcome h]1 welcome ! l&'s desire1 ,! sea-k+s' daught] z happy z fair1 ,blissful bride ( a blissful heir1 ,bride ( ! heir ( ! k+s ( ! sea4 ,o joy to ! p & joy to ! ?rone1 ,come to u1 love u1 & make u y\r own2 ,= ,saxon or ,dane or ,norman we1 ,teuton or ,celt1 or :atev] we be1 ,we are ea* all ,dane 9 our welcome ( !e1 ,alex&ra6 --,welcome to ,alex&ra4 ,,t5nyson4 ,hamlet's soliloquy w f9d expression 9 mod]ately l[ key :5 "o grasps ! idea t ,hamlet is m$itat+ ^u3 ,to be1 or n to be1--t is ! "q2 ,:e!r 'tis nobl] 9 ! m9d to suff] ,! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s =tune1 ,or to take arms aga9/ a sea ( tr\bles1 ,& by oppos+ end !m8 ,to die1--to sleep1-- ,no m2 & by a sleep to say we end ,! he>t-a*e1 & ! ?\s& natural %ocks ,t fle% is heir to1--'tis a consummation ,dev\tly to be wi%'d4 ,to die1--to sleep2-- ,to sleep6 p]*ance to dream6--ay1 !re's ! rub2 ,= 9 t sleep ( dea? :at dreams may come ,:5 we h %uffl$ (f ?is mortal coil1 ,mu/ give u pause3 !re's ! respect ,t makes calamity ( s long life2 ,= :o w\ld be> ! :ips & scorns ( "t1 ,?' oppressor's wrong1 ! pr\d man's contumely1 ,! pangs ( dispriz$ love1 ! law's delay1 ,! insol5ce ( (fice1 & ! spurns ,t pati5t m]it ( ?' unwor?y takes1 ,:5 he himself might 8 quietus made ,) a b>e bodk98 :o w\ld f>dels be>1 ,to grunt & sweat "u a we>y life1 ,b t ! dread ( some?+ aft] dea?1-- ,! undiscov]'d c\ntry f ^: b\rn ,no travel] returns1--puzzles ! w1 ,& makes u r be> ^? ills we h ,?an fly to o!rs t we "k n (8 ,?us consci5ce does make c[>ds ( u all2 ,& ?us ! native hue ( resolution ,is sickli$ o'er ) ! pale ca/ ( ?\ght2 ,& ent]prises ( great pi? & mom5t ,) ?is reg>d _! curr5ts turn awry1 ,& lose ! "n ( action4 --,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,! foll[+ l9es are deliv]$ by ,hamlet :5 he appreciates ! fact t :ile 8 fa!r's blood cries out = v5geance he /&s idle1 beset by d\bts & fe>s4 ,! spee* is a soliloquy1 b x w\ld be r5d]$ 9 a mod]ately high pit* ow+ to ! m5tal t5sion ( ! speak]3 ,o1 :at a rogue & peasant slave am ,i6 ,is x n mon/r\s1 t ?is play] "h1 ,b 9 a fiction1 9 a dream ( passion1 ,c\ld =ce 8 s\l s to 8 own conceit1 ,t f h] work+ all 8 visage wann'd2 ,te>s 9 8 eyes1 di/raction 9 's aspect1 ,a brok5 voice1 & 8 :ole function suit+ ,) =ms to 8 conceit8 & all = no?+6 ,= ,hecuba6 ,:at's ,hecuba to him1 or he to ,hecuba1 ,t he %\ld weep = h]8 ,:at w\ld he d1 ,_h he ! motive & ! cue = passion ,t ,i h8 ,he w\ld dr[n ! /age ) te>s1 ,& cleave ! g5]al e> ) horrid spee*2 ,make mad ! guilty1 & appal ! free1 ,conf\nd ! ignorant1 & amaze inde$ ,! v faculties ( eyes & e>s4 ,yet ,i1 ,a dull & muddy-mettl$ rascal1 peak1 ,l ,john-a-dreams1 unpregnant ( my cause1 ,& c say no?+2 no1 n = a k+ ,^u ^: prop]ty & mo/ de> life ,a damn'd defeat 0 made4 ,am ,i a c[>d8 ,:o calls me villa98 breaks my pate across8 ,plucks (f my be>d1 & bl[s x 9 my face8 ,tweaks me by ?' nose8 gives me ! lie i' ! ?roat1 ,z deep z to ! lungs8 :o does me ?is8 ,ha6 ',sw\nds1 ,i %\ld take x2 = x _c be ,b ,i am pigeon-liv]'d1 & lack gall ,to make oppression bitt]2 or1 ere ?is1 ,i %\ld h fatt$ all ! region kites ,) ?is slave's (fal4 ,bloody1 bawdy villa96 ,remorseless1 trea*]\s1 le*]\s1 k9dless villa96 ,o v5geance6 --,hamlet1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,! pr9ciple j discuss$1--t key dep5ds on ! degree ( t5sion1 fir/ m5tal1 !n physical1--is ( v wide application4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x expla9s ! :ole subject ( melody4 ,9 pass+ f a controll$ to a less controll$ /ate1 ! voice rises1 & vice v]sa4 ,to illu/rate3 ,brutus says to ,cassius1 8,y y\rself are mu* condemn$ to h an it*+ palm02 & ,cassius replies1 8,i an it*+ palm60 ,on ! ^w 8,i0 ! voice ( ,cassius /rikes upw>d ?r\gh1 p]haps1 an octave ( ! scale1 & ?is inflection manife/s ! increas+ t5sion ( ,cassius' m9d z he utt]s ! exclamation4 ,x is almo/ impossible to re/ra9 ! t5sion ( ?roat & h& :ile read+ ! passage4 ,note h[ ! muscul> t5sion increases :ile "o is speak+ ! words ( ,cassius4 ,be>+ 9 m9d :at has be5 said ( ! relation ( bodily t5sion to pit*1 ! explanation ( ,cassius' inflection w n be f> to seek4 ,aga91 ,brutus says1 8,! "n ( ,cassius honors ?is corruption1 & *a/isem5t do? !re=e hide 8 head40 ,cassius replies 9 "o ^w1 8,*a/isem5t40 ,!re are two int]pretations ( ?is ^w3 "o1 t ,cassius replies1 z if que/ion+1 8,d y d>e say ?is to me80 & ! o!r1 t1 a/\nd$ at ! bluntness ( ,brutus's spee*1 ,cassius replies1 speak+ to himself1 8,he d>$ speak ( *a/isem5t to me60 ,9 ! fir/ case ! inflection w\ld be ris+1 d5ot+ ! increase ( t5sion2 9 ! second case1 ! inflection w\ld be fall+1 m>k+ a gradual decrease ( t5sion4 ,let ! read] exp]im5t on ?is example1 & obs]ve h[ ! m5tal t5sion corresponds ) ! physical t5sion4 ,! melody 9 :i* any phrase or s5t5ce is giv5 consi/s ( a s]ies ( waves1 ! cre/s ( :i* m>k ! maximum ( t5sion4 ,x is a difficult matt] to indicate spee* melody1 b x is hop$ ! foll[+ illu/rations w be at lea/ suffici5tly sugge/ive to make cle> ! psy*ology ( melody4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce !re is a gradual asc5t ( ! voice1 s9ce ! int5sity increases f ! fir/ ^w to ! end4 ,illu/ration3 to kiss8 h& fa!r's my pl$ge ?y ^u =? ,came ,i n ,aga91 we h a v simil> melody 9 ?is3 ,w\ld y wre/ ! wrea? ( fame ,f ! h& ( fate8 ,! desc5d+ melody1 d5ot+ t ! maximum ( t5sion is at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce1 is f\nd 9 ! foll[+3 ,illu/ration3 ,all g l o o m1 all s i l e n c e1 all d e s p a i r6 8,dead0 m>ks ! cre/ ( ! wave ( t5sion 9 ! foll[+4 ,obs]ve h[ ! melody rises to t ^w & desc5ds aft] x3 ,illu/ration3 dead1 ,s pleasure sadness /rike brea!s cold f out dungeons ! f m\ld brea!d :]e vapors ,burns is ,z laid4 ,= ^? :o h no musical e>1 x may be some:at difficult to cat* ^! spee* melodies4 ,b1 =tunately1 9 mo/ cases1 an acute musical e> is n necess>y4 ,melody takes c>e ( itself4 ,:5 we h det]m9$ ! pr9cipal ^w 9 ea* phrase1 ! melody w rise or fall f t )\t any ef=t on our "p4 ,& fur!rmore1 ev5 ^? )\t an e> = tune recognize in/9ctively ! appropriat5ess ( a giv5 melody :i* !y may be unable to analyze 9 detail4 ,nev]!less1 ! ability to analyze spee* tunes is a great aid to ! tea*]2 & x is to be hop$ t ! =ego+ explanation w mat]ially assi/ him 9 8 "w ( develop+ ! logical acum5 ( 8 class4 ,melody is made up ( skips & inflections4 ,! inflection ne$s no def9ition2 ! skip is simply a discreet passage f "o note to ano!r4 ,z ! viol9i/ draws 8 b[ ov] ! /r+ & simultane\sly runs 8 f+] up or d[n ! /r+1 we h ! analogy ( ! inflection4 ,! piani/ _c d m ?an skip f "o note to ano!r1 al?\gh !re is an approximation to ! glide1 or inflection1 9 legato play+4 ,! skip is f\nd 9 su* a s5t5ce z ?is3 ,illu/ration3 tus ue tors8 ,give a ) ,bru 8 ces /at an ,! psy*ology ( ! skip is precisely t ( ! inflection1 i4 e41 transition f less to m t5sion1 or ! rev]se4 ,9 su* an exclamation z1 8,?\ tatt]$ up/>t60 x is next to impossible to use ! wide ris+ inflection t w\ld be natural on ! fir/ syllable ( 8up/>t10 ow+ to ! nature ( ! syllable4 ,h5ce1 !re w\ld be a skip betwe5 8up0 & 8/>t40 ,b let x be c>efully obs]v$ t1 includ+ ! skip1 ! voice trav]ses exactly ! int]val x w\ld h pass$ ?r\gh _h x be5 possible to use "o inflection1 z1 = in/ance1 on 8boy0 9 8,?\ tatt]$ boy60 ,our att5tion may n[ be turn$ to inflections4 ,inflections are n a matt] ( accid5t1 nor are !y a conv5tional device4 ,_! mean+ is def9ite & fix$1 & _! =ce in/9ctively recogniz$ by all4 ,al?\gh we d n /op to analyze !m1 !y convey to all alike a di/9ct %ade ( ?\ght4 ,& fur!r1 ! same %ade ( ?\ght w always f9d expression ?r\gh ! same inflections4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d t x is n claim$ t all w be mov$ 9 ! same way by ! same /imulus1 nor t all w take ! same mean+ f a giv5 passage4 ,:at is claim$ is1 t ! same purpose w f9d expression1 ) all1 9 fundam5tally ! same melody 7( :i* inflections =m ! l>g] "p74 ,if ?is 7 n s1 h[ %\ld we und]/& "o ano!r8 ,we disc]n a speak]'s purpose q z mu* 9 8 melody z 9 8 words4 ,= example1 if "o 7 to ask1 8,are y go+ out80 ) ! object ( acquir+ in=mation1 he w\ld use in/9ctively a ris+ inflection on 8out40 ,if he 7 surpris$ at our int5tion to g out1 he w\ld use a wid] ris+ inflection4 ,& if he _h ask$ ! "q sev]al times )\t receiv+ a reply1 & 7 n[ insi/+ on an answ] 78 motive n[ be+ to ass]t 8 "r to an answ]7 he w\ld use a wide d[nw>d inflection on 8out40 ,& s %\ld we all "u l conditions1 & ! mean+ ( all w\ld be alike und]/ood by all4 ,we ne$ enl>ge no fur!r on ?is4 ,let x suffice t if giv5 inflections _h n always ! same mean+ & 7 n always in/9ctively us$ to express ! same purpose1 conv]sation w\ld be impossible4 ,! ris+ inflection is ! sign ( incomplete s5se4 ,:5ev] ! m9d po9ts =w>d ! significant inflection is upw>d4 ,te/ ?is 9 ! foll[+ illu/rations4 ,! ris+ inflection w be p>ticul>ly notic$ on ! italiciz$ words1 :i* are n necess>ily to be /rongly emphasiz$3 ,9 #ahae ,m4 ,*>les ,myriel 0 ! bi%op ( ,d----4 ,he 0 a man ( ab\t sev5ty-five ye>s ( age1 & _h held ! see ( ,d---- s9ce #ahjf4 ,al?\gh ! foll[+ details 9 no way affect our n>rative1 x may n be useless to quote ! rumors t 7 curr5t ab\t him at ! mom5t :5 he came to ! diocese2 = :at is said ( m51 :e!r x be true or false1 (t5 occupies z mu* space 9 _! life1 & especially 9 _! de/9y1#b z :at !y d4 ,! beams ( ! ris+ sun _h gild$ ! l(ty domes ( ,c>?age1 & giv51 ) its ri* & mell[ light1 a t+e ( beauty ev5 to ! fr[n+ ramp>ts ( ! out] h>bor4 ,:51 = any reason1 we d n desire to ass]t /rongly2 :5 :at we h to say is trite1 trivial1 repetiti\s2 :5 we are unc]ta9 or d\btful2 :5 we entreat2 :5 we ask a "q to :i* ! answ] yes or no is expect$1 we also use ! ris+ inflection4 ,i d n claim ?is is ! only me?od4 ,i _c promise def9itely1 b ,i ?9k y may rely ^u gett+ x4 ,i %all wait = y 9 ! lobby1 if y don't t>ry too long4 ,x doesn't look l ra91 does x8 ,!re are "s argum5ts 9 its favor1 b !y are n weighty4 ,no1 nobody claims t4 ,i grant ,i may h tak5 ! honorable g5tleman by surprise4 ,i _c tell :at y & o!r m5 ,?9k ( ?is life1 b1 = my s+le self1 ,i _h z lief n be z live to be ,9 awe ( su* a ?+ z ,i myself4 ,i d n *>ge ! g5tleman ) wilful mis/atem5t1 b ,i w\ld r say he is a great economiz] ( ! tru?4 ,i d n l to ?9k t ! opposition is purposely delay+ ! vote on ?is "q4 ,nev] fe> t3 if he be s resolv$1 ,i c o'ersway him4 ,y won't leave me1 fa!r4 ,good fri5ds1 sweet fri5ds1 let me n /ir y up to su* a sudd5 flood ( mut9y6 ,o1 ,hamlet1 speak no m4 ,pity ! sorr[s ( a poor old man4 ,x w\ld be idle to base an op9ion on any argum5t ( ,mr4 ,web/]4 ,o1 t is ( no consequ5ce2 y don't believe t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y = me to g ov] ! *>ges ( ! attorney = ! pla9tiff2 !y are trivial & unimportant4 ,x goes )\t say+ t y "k ! e>ly hi/ory ( ^! p4 ,!re are v few :o hav5't a b[+ acqua9tance ) ?is subject4 ,y "k me well1 & h]e9 sp5d b "t ,to w9d ab\t my love ) circum/ance4 ,n t ,i lov$ ,caes> less1 b t ,i lov$ ,rome m4 ,x is n t ,i d\bt ! g5tleman's hone/y1 b t ,i "q 8 au?ority4 ,x 0 at ! end ( ! w> t ?is incid5t occurr$2 n at ! beg9n+4 ,unc]ta9ty1 confusion1 hesitation1 & o!r =ms ( d\bt1 are really que/ions1--! m9d seek+ solution ( difficult & p]plex+ problems4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld f9d "s way out ( ?is1 b-- ,!re ought to be "s o!r me?od ( solv+ ?is difficulty3 let me see1 let me see4 ,i w\ld ,i _h be5 !re4 ,are y ! own] ( ?is h\se8 ,c y tell me :at "t x is8 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to confuse ?is =m ( int]rogation ) ,figurative ,int]rogation4 ,! latt] is (t5 /rongly ass]tive4 ,= in/ance3 ,god ( battles1 0 ev] a battle l ?is 9 ! _w be=e8 ,?is is equival5t to ask+ a "q & answ]+ x at ! same "t4 ,x asks 9 words1 80 ev]80 ,x answ]s 9 inflection1 8!re nev] 040 ,grammatically1 !n1 x is a "q2 rhetorically1 x is an exclamation4 ,"h is ano!r =m ( ,figurative ,int]rogation3 ,are y go+ out8 7,no answ]47 ,are y go+ out8 7,i dem& an answ]47 ,9 ?is case1 ! second "q becomes a dem&4 ,! speak] c>es = an answ] n s mu* because ( any int]e/ 9 x z su*1 b because he desires 8 au?ority respect$4 ,! foll[+ examples ( ,figurative ,int]rogation %\ld be c>efully /udi$3 ,is !re a s+le atrocity ( ! ,fr5* m unpr9cipl$ & inhuman ?an t ( ,russia1 ,au/ria1 & ,prussia1 9 ,pol&8 ,did he n "k t he 0 mak+ hi/ory t h\r8 ,did he n "k ?is1 ,i say8 ,if ,i 7 to propose ?ree *e]s = ,wa%+ton1 is !re a s+le man1 woman1 or *ild 9 ?is va/ audi5ce :o w\ld refuse to lift 8 voice8 ,h y1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 consid]$ ! price ! /ate asks ! prison] to pay = :at is only an indiscretion at mo/8 ,i repeat1 h y consid]$ ! price8 ,has ! g5tleman done8 ,has he completely done8 ,a v int]e/+ psy*ological "q arises 9 connection ) ,figurative ,int]rogation4 ,x has be5 %[n h[ ! grammatical "q becomes an oratorical ass]tion2 b !re is a po9t 9 ass]tion beyond :i* x may pass & become an int5se emotional "q4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 8,%all n ! ,judge ( all ! e>? d "r80 we h an illu/ration4 ,!re are ?ree possibilities "h4 ,fir/3 a simple "q look+ = in=mation4 ,second3 an exclamation equival5t to1 ,:o does n "k t ! ,judge ( all ! e>? %all d "r8 ,?ird3 a skeptical "q 7) consid]able emotion7 is x possible t any "o w\ld d5y t ! ,judge ( all ! e>? %all d "r8 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply examples & make _m ref9em5ts ( ?is pr9ciple und]ly+ ! use ( ! ris+ inflection4 ,a c>eful /udy1 h[ev]1 ( ^? giv5 %\ld suffice to impress ^u ! read] t ! ris+ inflection w be giv5 :5ev] = any reason :atsoev] !re is no desire to ass]t4 ,incomplet5ess 7impli$ or o!rwise7 is m>k$ by ! ris+ inflection2 complet5ess by ! fall+4 ,we are all aw>e t ! fall+ inflection m>ks complet$ s5se1 s t ?is pr9ciple w require nei!r elaboration nor illu/ration4 ,att5tion mu/ be call$1 h[ev]1 to ! fact t we (t5 ass]t /rongly 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce4 ,?is phase ( ! subject has be5 s well describ$ by ano!r#c t we quote z foll[s3 8,mom5t>y ,complet5ess4--,?is applies to any clause1 phrase1 or ev5 ^w1 :i* has1 = any reason1 en\gh sep>ate =ce to con/itute1 at ! mom5t1 an entire ?\ght1 & to call = a sep>ate affirmation ( ! m9d4 ,?is mom5t>y complet5ess may arise3 8#a4 ,f ! logical importance ( ! clause1 phrase1 or ^w requir+ a /rong affirmative emphasis4 8#b4 ,f an elliptical con/ruction--"o 9 :i* ea* "p c\ld be reasonably exp&$ into a complete proposition4 8,example ( #a w\ld be ?is s5t5ce f ,web/]3 ,x comes1 if x come at all1 l ! outbreak+ ( a f\nta9 f ! e>?1 or ! bur/+ =? ( volcanic fires1 ) spontane\s1 orig9al1 native =ce4 8,"h ! ideas ( spontaneity1 orig9ality1 nativ5ess1 are ea* s important to ! ?\ght t ! m9d is call$ ^u to make a sep>ate affirmation ^u ea* "o4 8,examples ( #b are f\nd 9 "s ( ! connect$ clauses 9 ?is passage f ,byron's ,dream ( ,d>kness3 ,i _h a dream1 :i* 0 n all a dream4 ,! bright sun 0 ext+ui%$1 & ! />s ,did w&]1 d>kl+1 9 ! et]nal space1 ,rayless & pa?less1 & ! icy e>? ,swung bl9d & black5+ 9 ! moonless air4 ,morn came & w5t--& came1 & br\ght no day1 ,& m5 =got _! passions 9 ! dread ,( ?is _! desolation2 & all he>ts ,7 *ill$ into a selfi% pray] = light4 8,! #8loose' s5t5ce pres5ts a typical case ( mom5t>y complet5ess1 ea* add$ clause or elem5t giv+ a sep>ate1 subjo9$ ?\ght4 8,9 ! foll[+ cases ! p]iod m>k inclos$ 9 brackets1 41 indicates ! place at :i* ! s5t5ce might close2 & ! words 9 p>5!ses are ^? :i* might be suppli$ 9 con/ruct+ sep>ate complete propositions4 ,! recon/ruction sugge/s ! probable process ( ?\ght4 ,! next day he vot$ = t repeal 41 & he w\ld h spok5 = x too 41 if an illness _h n prev5t$ x4 ,! ,engli%man 9 ,am]ica w feel t ?is is slav]y--t x is legal slav]y1 w be no comp5sation1 ei!r to 8 feel+s or 8 und]/&+4 8,! ,engli%man 9 ,am]ica w feel t ?is is slav]y 44 7,! m]e fact7 t x is legal slav]y w 79 8 e/imation7 be no comp5sation 7at all74 7,x w n be 79 any degree7 satisfactory7 ei!r to 8 feel+s or 8 und]/&+4 8,complet5ess is m>k$ 9 ! voice by a fall+ slide2 t indicat+ f9ality usually desc5ds at lea/ a fif? 7f sol d[n to d71 & is prec$$ by a m or less di/9ct ris+ melody4 ,?is cad5tial melody may c>ry ! voice s high 9 pit* t ! fall+ slide w be z great z an octave4 ,! indication ( mom5t>y complet5ess is also a fall+ slide1 v>y+ 9 ext5t f a ?ird to a fif?1 b n s m>k$ z t ( f9ality1 & usually n prec$$ by any special ris+ melody4 8,9 ! foll[+ example note mom5t>y complet5ess on #8man1' #8woman1' #8*ild1' & f9ality on ! climact]ic ^w #8bea/4' ,?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,!y saw n "o mn1 n "o wman1 n "o *ld1 b foot$ e f\r a "o s n t4 8,x is especially important to /udy ! relation ( mom5t>y complet5ess 9 connection ) dep5d5t clauses4 ,z a rule1 a def9itive clause does n /& 9 ! relation ( mom5t>y complet5ess1 b 9 t ( subord9ation or anticipation4 ,a supplem5tal clause1 on ! o!r h&1 is di/9ctively complete4 ,?is relation is n always %[n1 ei!r by ! punctuation1 or by exact use ( relative pron\ns4 ,9 /rictness1 #8:o' & #8:i*'1 z already said1 %\ld always m>k supplem5tal relations2 #8t1' def9itive4 ,consid]ations ( euphony1 h[ev]1 (t5 ov]rule grammatical & rhetorical pr9ciples4 ,! problem 9 reg>d to dep5d5t clauses is2 to decide :e!r ! subord9ate clause conta9s additional ?\ght1 or only modify+ ?\ght4 ,! be/ practical te/ w be f\nd 9 p>aphras+4 ,if a dep5d5t clause is truly def9itive1 x may be r$uc$ to a brief elem5t1--(t5 to a s+le ^w1 :i* may be incorporat$ 9 ! fir/ clause4 ,example4--,lafayette 0 intru/$ by ,wa%+ton ) all k9ds ( s]vices 444 ! labori\s & complicat$1 :i* requir$ skill & pati5ce2 ! p]il\s1 t dem&$ n]ve4--,,ev]ett4 8,9 ?is example1 x is obvi\s t ! clause introduc$ by #8:i*' & ! "o beg9n+ ) #8t' /& 9 precisely ! same relation1 ! *ange be+ made = euphony4 ,x is obvi\s also t bo? dep5d5t clauses are supplem5tal r ?an def9itive4 ,9 bo? ( ^! clauses1 !re=e1 !re is an add$ ?\ght1 & ?is gives ! relation ( mom5t>y complet5ess at ! words #8complicat$' & #8p]il\s4' 8,! e>1 "u ! guidance ( ! logical & rhetorical insight1 gives a mu* m s5sitive & m accurate punctuation ?an c be indicat$ by pr9t]'s m>ks or gramm>ian's rules4 ,n ! words1 nor ! grammatical elem5ts1 nor ! cu/om>y & traditional r5d]+1 det]m9e gr\p+ or inflection1 b r ! speak]'s imm$iate purpose at ! mom5t ( ! utt]ance4 8,! pr9ciple ( mom5t>y complet5ess is /rik+ly exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( a #8division ( ! "q' 9 p>liam5t>y proce$+s4 ,division is call$ = because ea* item is consid]$ z sep>ately important en\gh to dem& ! entire att5tion4 ,! same is (t5 true 9 ! ann\ncem5t ( a proposition conta9+ sev]al diff]5t elem5ts1 or ( a text ( ,scripture sugge/+ _m sep>ate ?\ghts40 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! rule s (t5 giv51 t 8! voice %\ld rise at a comma10 is ridicul\s4 ,x (t5 does1 x is true1--n because ( ! comma1 b because ( ! motive4 ,! purpose ( ! foll[+ drills is n to tra9 ! /ud5t 9 ! mann] ( mak+ inflections1 b r to impress ^u 8 m9d ! fact t rhetorically a s5t5ce may be complete ev5 ?\gh ! po9t ( completion be n m>k$ by a full /op4 ,9 o!r words1 ! drill is "o 9 m5tal1 r ?an vocal1 te*nique4 ,! /ud5t mu/ det]m9e ! purpose 9 e case1 & !n tru/ 8 voice to manife/ t purpose4 ,h5ce6 home1#d y idle creatures1 get y home4 ,speak1 :at trade art ?\8 ,:]e is ?y lea!r apron1 & ?y rule8 ,y blocks1 y /ones1 y worse ?an s5seless ?+s4 ,_m a "t & (t ,h y climb'd up to walls & battlem5ts1 ,to t[]s & w9d[s1 yea1 to *imney-tops4 ,y\r infants 9 y\r arms1 & !re h sat 99 99 99 99 99 ,to see great ,pompey pass ! /reets ( ,rome4 ,be gone6 ,run to y\r h\ses1 fall ^u y\r knees1 ,pray to ! gods to int]mit ! plague ,t ne$s mu/ light on ?is +ratitude4 ,!n1 ,brutus1 ,i h mu* mi/ook y\r passion2 ,by means :]e( ?is brea/ ( m9e ha? buri$ ,?\ghts ( great value1 wor?y cogitations4 ,i 0 born free z ,caes>1 s 7 y2 ,we bo? h f$ z well1 & we c bo? ,endure ! w9t]'s cold z well z he4 ,8 c[>d lips did f _! color fly1 ,& t same eye ^: b5d do? awe ! _w ,did lose 8 lu/re4 ,ye gods1 x do? amaze me1 ,a man ( su* a feeble temp] %\ld 99 99 99 99 99 444 be> ! palm alone4 ,:y1 man1 he do? be/ride ! n>r[ _w ,l a ,colossus1 & we petty m5 ,walk "u 8 huge legs & peep ab\t ,to f9d ourselves di%onorable graves4 ,let me h m5 ab\t me t are fat1 ,sleek-head$ m51 & su* z sleep o' nights4 ,seldom he smiles1 & smiles 9 su* a sort1 ,z if he mock$ himself4 ,su* m5 z he be nev] at he>t's ease ,:iles !y behold a great] ?an !mselves1 ,& !re=e are !y v dang]\s4 ,come on my "r h&1 = ?is e> is deaf1 ,& tell me truly :at ?\ ?9k'/ ( him4 ,:y1 !re 0 a cr[n (f]$ him2 &1 be+ (f]$ him1 he put x by ) ! back ( 8 h&1 ?us4 ,i c z well be hang$ z tell ! mann] ( x2 x 0 m]e fool]y1 ,i did n m>k x4 ,y look pale1 & gaze1 ,& put on fe>1 & case y\rself 9 wond]1 ,to see ! /range impati5ce ( ! heav5s4 ,/& close a:ile1 = "h comes "o 9 ha/e4 ,h[ t might *ange 8 nature1 !re's ! "q4 ,b :5 he once atta9s ! upmo/ r\nd ,he !n unto ! ladd] turns 8 back1 ,looks 9 ! cl\ds1 scorn+ ! base degrees ,by :i* he did asc5d4 444 let u n break ) him1 ,= he w nev] foll[ any?+ ,t o!r m5 beg94 ,x is (t5 a matt] ( judgm5t :e!r we %all int]pret a phrase z mom5t>ily complete or z po9t+ =w>d1 incomplete4 ,sometimes ei!r int]pretation w\ld be acceptable1 b1 z a rule1 "o conveys ! au?or's int5tion bett] ?an ! o!r4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! foll[+ extract f ,! ,am]ican ,indian1 ! au?or says3 ,z a race !y h )]$ f ! l&4 ,_! arr[s are brok51 _! spr+s h dri$ up1 _! cab9s are 9 ! du/4 ,_! c\ncil-fire has long s9ce gone out on ! %ore1 & _! w>-cry is fa/ fad+ to ! untrodd5 ,we/4 ,x seems cle> t 9 ! second s5t5ce ! au?or is n enum]at+ m9or details :i* =m "o l>g] :ole1 b t ea* /atem5t is a s5t5ce complete 9 itself1 & s important t spontane\sly we sep>ate x f ! o!rs n m]ely by a pause b by a d[nw>d inflection4 ,if we 7 say+ to ano!r1 8,i b\ght my *ildr5 firecrack]s1 torp$oes1 skyrockets1 & p9:eels10 we %\ld use ris+ inflections until we clos$ our s5t5ce on 8p9:eels40 ,b x w\ld be q natural = ! *ild1 greatly excit$ by 8 pres5ts1 to use ! d[nw>d inflection on ^? words1 & ^! inflections w\ld m>k ! importance1 to him1 ( ea* sep>ate gift4 ,he w\ld say1 8,i h firecrack]s1--torp$oes1--skyrockets1--& p9:eels40 ,circumflex inflections are ! expression ( complex m5tal /ates4 ,note ?is 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,n inf]ior to ?is 0 ! wisdom ( him :o resolv$ to %e> ! wolf4 ,:at1 %e> a wolf6 ,h y consid]$ ! dang] ( ! attempt8 ,no1 says ! madman1 ,i h consid]$ no?+ b ! "r4 ,oh1 no6 ,he w\ldn't accept a bribe2 ( c\rse n4 ,y meant no h>m2 oh1 no3 y\r ?\ghts are innoc5t4 ,x isn't ! secret ,i c>e ab\t2 x's ! slight1 ,mr4 ,caudle4 ,difficult z is ! subject ( circumflex inflections1 ! difficulty is v mu* r$uc$ :5 we be> 9 m9d t ! elem5ts :i* compose !m are ! same z ^? ) :i* we h be5 deal+4 ,9 ,longfell['s ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily1 ! ,angel asks ! k+1 8,:o art ?\80 ,to :i* ,rob]t answ]s1 sne]+ly1 8,i am ! ,k+40 ,n[1 on ! ^w 8,i0 we may expect to he> ! ris+ circumflex 7compos$ ( a fall+ foll[$ by a ris+ inflection7 :i* ! foll[+ p>aphrase w ju/ify3 ,he d>es ask me :o ,i am6 ,:at audacity6 ,d y d>e ask su* a "q ( me8 ,w\ld y "k :o ,i am8 ,p]haps a diagram w make ?is cle>]3 ,illu/ration3 ,he _/ etc4 d>es _/ am4 ask _/ ,i me 4 _/ "k :o _/ n ,i _/ y am4 _/ ,d _/ ,pr(essor ,*amb]la9 has made ?is "q s cle> t we quote f him aga93 8,p>aphrase = ,complex ,relations3 ,^!1 z already se51 are cases ( comb9$ ideas1 express$ by composite motions ( ! voice1 call$ circumflexes4 ,9 ord] to ju/ify su* d\ble motion ( ! voice1 ! m9d ( ! read] ne$s to recognize ! comb9ation impli$ 9 ! words4 ,he w make himself sur] ( ?is by analyz+1 or sep>at+ into its compon5t p>ts1 ea* composite idea4 ,be n too tme nei!r4 8,"h is a pla9 implication ( "o memb] ( ! anti!sis2 & x might be exp&$ ?us1 ,z y are n to be too extrvagant 9 y\r expression1 s y are n to be too quet4 8,?is comb9ation ( sep>able elem5ts might be illu/rat$ by diagram1 ?us3 ,illu/ration3 extravagant1 s y _/ be _/ are _/ to _/ n _/4 4 n _/ 4 4 to _/ 4 4 are _/ 4 4 be _/ 4 4 y _/ 4 4 too _/ 4 4 ,z _/ 44 quiet4 _/ _/ _/ ,be n too tme nei!r4 8,"h ! negative1 or anticipatory1 clause is1 9 ! cond5s$ =m1 sugge/$ by ! negative1 or ris+1 "p ( ! circumflex2 ! positive clause1 by ! fall+ "p ( ! tone4 8,9 a simil> way two sep>ate elem5ts1 bo? ( :i* are v]bally express$1 may be comb9$ 9 "o elliptical or complex clause2 e4 g43 ,i come to bry ,caes>1 n to prise him4 8,inv]t+ clauses3 ,illu/ration3 ,caes>4 b ,i _/ praise _/ come _/ to _/4 4 to _/ 4 4 n _/ 4 4 bury _/ 4 4 come _/ 4 4 him4 _/ 4 4 ,i _/ 4 4 _/ 44 _/ _/ _/ ,i come to bry ,caes>4 8,! same me?od ( illu/ration may be ext5d$ ad libitum40 ,!re is "o feature ( circumflex inflection some:at common b seldom treat$1 ! und]/&+ ( :i* is v helpful to ! tea*]4 ,?is feature is obs]v$ :5 !re are ass]tion & incomplet5ess 9 ! same ^w4 ,= in/ance1 8,john ,br[n10 be+ ! important idea 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 w\ld be utt]$ ) a fall+ inflection2 b s9ce ! m9d is glanc+ =w>d f 8,br[n0 ! ris+ inflection w\ld m>k t fact4 ,h5ce1 ! two /ates ( m9d w\ld be manife/$ 9 a comb9$ inflection ! psy*ology ( :i* %\ld n[ be cle>4 ,john ,br[n 0 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ figures ( ! anti-slav]y agitation4 ,we h ! same ph5om5on on ! ^w 8,sicily0 9 ! foll[+ extract1 except t ! fall+ inflection is on ! fir/ two syllables & ! ris+ on ! ?ird3 ,rob]t ( ,sicily1 bro!r ( ,pope ,urbane ,& ,valmond1 ,emp]or ( ,allema9e 99 99 99 99 99 444 he>d ! prie/s *ant ! ,magnificat4 ,! ext5t1 or wid?1 ( ! inflection dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( collat]al ?9k+4 ,?us a simple "q z1 8,is y\r "n ,br[n80 w take an inflection ( ab\t a ?ird ( ! musical scale1 :ile ! inflection ( ,cassius on 8,*a/isem5t10 9 ! example previ\sly giv51 w be probably a full octave4 ,! l5g? ( ! inflection is expla9$ by ! philosophy ( 8,"t03 x is a matt] ( ! importance or non-importance ( ! idea4 ,! direction ( ! inflection is expla9$ by ! philosophy ( 8,pit*03 x is det]m9$ by ! purpose1 or motive4 ,v>i$ melody is f\nd 9 ! spee* ( e-day life4 ,note h[ ! voice cont9ually runs up & d[n 9 a conv]sation on commonplace topics4 ,! mom5t ! subject gr[s s]i\s & dignifi$1 ! discrim9ative elem5ts l>gely disappe> & ) !m ! v>i$ melody2 until 9 solemn pray]1 invocation1 & c]ta9 =ms ( m$itation 9 ! abs5ce ( desire to insi/ on ! importance ( any "o ^w1 or ! abs5ce ( ! purpose to discrim9ate betwe5 "o phase & ano!r1 we approa* v close to ! monotone4 ,let u rememb]1 h[ev]1 t x is n ! emotion z su* t affects ! melody1 b ! m5tal cont5t ( ! emotion4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may see ! application ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples1 an analysis ( a complete poem is app5d$4 ,!re may be a diff]5ce ( op9ion conc]n+ details1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! value ( ?is analysis = ! /ud5t lies 9 ! fact t x %\ld tea* him t "s int]pretation is to be def9itely decid$ on4 ,! av]age read+ is haphaz>d2 s t "o mu/ ga9 a great deal ?r\gh ! m5tal drill necess>y to decide ! v>i\s que/ions t come up 9 ! c\rse ( su* an analysis z t "h und]tak54 ,x is a common exp]i5ce to he> a pupil read a passage "o way at "o "t & a diff]5t way at ano!r4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem to be bett] to read a passage incorrectly ) "s reason beh9d ! error1 ?an to read x correctly z a matt] ( accid5t1 ) ! *ance t ! next "t x is read ! expression w be q diff]5t4 ,! greate/ value ( su* analyses is f\nd 9 ! improvem5t 9 ! /ud5t's p[] ( discrim9ation4 ,! melody1 :i* manife/s ! purpose1 ! motive1 is ! v life ( good read+4 ,up f ! mead[s ri* ) corn1 ,cle> 9 ! cool ,septemb] morn1 ,! clu/]$ spires ( ,fr$]ick /& ,gre5-wall$ by ! hills ( ,m>yl&4 ,r\nd ab\t !m or*>ds sweep1 #e ,apple & pea* tree fruit$ deep1 ,fair z ! g>d5 ( ! ,"l ,to ! eyes ( ! fami%$ rebel horde1 ,on t pleasant morn ( ! e>ly fall ,:5 ,lee m>*$ ov] ! m\nta9 wall2 #aj ,ov] ! m\nta9s w9d+ d[n1 ,horse & foot1 into ,fr$]ick t[n4 ,=ty flags ) _! silv] />s1 ,=ty flags ) _! crimson b>s1 ,flapp$ 9 ! morn+ w9d3 ! sun #ae ,( noon look$ d[n1 & saw n "o4 ,up rose old ,b>b>a ,friet*ie !n1 ,b[$ ) h] f\rscore ye>s & t52 ,brave/ ( all 9 ,fr$]ick t[n1 ,%e took up ! flag ! m5 haul$ d[n2 #bj ,9 h] attic w9d[ ! /aff %e set1 ,to %[ t "o he>t 0 loyal yet4 ,up ! /reet came ! rebel tread1 ,/onewall ,jackson rid+ ahead4 ,"u 8 sl\*$ hat left & "r #be ,he glanc$2 ! old flag met 8 sight4 8,halt60--! du/-br[n ranks /ood fa/4 8,fire60--out blaz$ ! rifle-bla/4 ,x %iv]$ ! w9d[1 pane & sa%2 ,x r5t ! bann] ) seam & ga%4 #cj ,quick1 z x fell1 f ! brok5 /aff ,dame ,b>b>a snat*$ ! silk5 sc>f2 ,%e lean$ f> out on ! w9d[-sill1 ,& %ook x =? ) a royal w4 8,%oot1 if y mu/1 ?is old gray head1 #ce ,b sp>e y\r c\ntry's flag10 %e said4 ,a %ade ( sadness1 a blu% ( %ame1 ,ov] ! face ( ! lead] came2 ,! nobl] nature )9 him /irr$ ,to life at t woman's de$ & ^w2 #dj 8,:o t\*es a hair ( yon gray head ,dies l a dog6 ,m>* on60 he said4 ,all day long ?r\gh ,fr$]ick /reet ,s\nd$ ! tread ( m>*+ feet3 ,all day long t free flag to/ #de ,ov] ! heads ( ! rebel ho/4 ,ev] its torn folds rose & fell ,on ! loyal w9ds t lov$ x well2 ,& ?r\gh ! hill-gaps sunset light ,%one ov] x ) a w>m good-night4 #ej ,b>b>a ,friet*ie's "w is o'er1 ,& ! ,rebel rides on 8 raids no m4 ,honor to h]6 & let a te> ,fall1 = h] sake1 on ,/onewall's bi]4 ,ov] ,b>b>a ,friet*ie's grave1 #ee ,flag ( ,fre$om & ,union1 wave6 ,peace & ord] & beauty draw ,r\nd ?y symbol ( light & law2 ,& ev] ! />s above look d[n ,on ?y />s bel[ 9 ,fr$]ick t[n6 #fj --,b>b>a ,friet*ie4 ,,:itti]4 l4 #c4--,note mom5t>y complet5ess on 8,fr$]ick40 l4 #a-c4--,^! l9es are anticipative4 l4 #e1 #f4--;,ea* l9e a complete affirmative /atem5t1 al?\gh sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! poem only by commas4 l4 #g4--8,"l10 mom5t>y complet5ess4 l4 #h4--,ris+ inflection on 8horde10 s9ce ! s5se is incomplete until we come to 8wall40 ,a good example1 s9ce l9es #i & #aj w\ld make v good s5se )\t ! succe$+ two4 l4 #ab4--,mom5t>y complet5ess on 8foot40 l4 #ac-ad4--,! motive be+ ! same 9 bo? l9es1 note t ! melody is ! same4 l4 #af4--8,noon0 is contra/$ ) 8morn+02 h5ce ! ris+ circumflex on ! =m] ^w4 l4 #ag4--,transition "h4 ,obs]ve ! high] key comm5c+ on 8up40 l4 #ai4--,?is l9e is anticipative4 ,supply 8be+0 be=e 8brave/10 & note h[ ! temptation to use ! fall+ inflection on 8t[n0 disappe>s4 l4 #ba4--,optional ris+ or fall+ inflection on 8set40 l4 #bc4--,transition 9 key4 ,:y8 l4 #bd4--,:at diff]5ce 9 motive w\ld be convey$ by ris+ & fall+ inflections on 8,jackson08 l4 #be-bh4--,transitions on 8"u10 8halt10 8!10 8fire10 8out40 ,expla94 l4 #bi4--,note ! comma aft] 8w9d[40 ,:at is its function8 l4 #ca4--,obs]ve t 8z x fell0 is subord9ate4 ,_m read ?is c\plet incorrectly4 ,! idea is n 8z x fell f ! brok5 /aff10 b t %e snat*$ x 8f ! brok5 /aff40 l4 #cc4--;,anticipative4 l4 #ce4--,transition4 l4 #cg4--7a7 ,obs]ve h[ ! key l[]s4 ,:y8 7#b7 ,:at %ades ( mean+ are convey$ by ! foll[+ read+s3 a1 mom5t>y complet5ess on 8sadness10 & 8%ame02 b1 anticipation on 8sadness10 mom5t>y complet5ess on 8%ame40 ,:i* d y pref]8 ,:y8 l4 #da4--,transition4 ,is ! key high] or l[]8 l4 #dc-dd1 #de-df1 #dg-dh4--,:y is ! melody ab\t ! same 9 ^! c\plets8 l4 #di-ej4--,_m opportunities = *oice ( inflection on 8hill-gaps10 8light10 8ov]40 l4 #ea4--,ris+ or fall+ inflection on 8o'er08 ,:y8 l4 #ef4--,no mom5t>y complet5ess on 8,union40 ,:y8 l4 #ei1 #fj4--;,contra/ betwe5 8above0 & 8bel[40 ,no attempt has be5 made 9 ?is analysis to d m ?an direct att5tion to ! portions ( ! poem 9 :i* inflection & melody are affect$ by ! int]pretation4 ,,p$agogical ,,aspects4 ,mu* ( :at has be5 said conc]n+ ! p$agogical aspects ( ! discussion ( 8,"t0 may be repeat$ "h4 ,drills 9 inflections z su* are ( v little value & pot5tially v h>mful4 ,occasionally we he> ! argum5t t a pupil has no e> = inflections1 & t ! drill is to tra9 8 e>4 ,mo/ pupils h no difficulty 9 mak+ prop] inflections1 s t = !m class drills are "t wa/$2 = ^? ^: read+ is monoton\s1 because ( lack ( melodic v>iety1 ! be/ drills are ^? :i* tea* !m to make a c>eful analysis ( ! s5t5ces1 & ^? :i* awak5 !m to ! necessity ( impress+ ! ?\ght ^u o!rs4 ,we deceive ourselves :5 we proce$ to correct ! error ( monotony 9 any me*anical1 artificial way4 ,we h le>n$ t1 :5 a pupil has ! prop] motive 9 m9d & is desir\s ( convey+ 8 int5tion to ano!r1 a c]ta9 melody w always manife/ t int5tion4 ,! melody1 !n1 is ! crit]ion ( ! pupil's purpose4 ,we expect a c]ta9 melody ) c]ta9 phrases4 ,:5 t melody is he>d1 we are sc>cely consci\s ( its pres5ce2 :5 ano!r is he>d1 we are /ruck z by a discord ( music :5 we expect concord4 ,! mom5t a pupil loses sight ( ! exact mean+ ( a phrase & its relation to ! o!r phrases1 t mom5t 8 melody betrays him4 ,n[ ! tea*] mu/ be able to translate ! false melody4 ,he mu/ det]m9e ! pupil's purpose 7or abs5ce ( any purpose7 beh9d ! incorrect melody1 remove ! wrong purpose1 put 9 its /ead ! true purpose1 & rely ^u natural in/9cts to d ! re/4 ,h]e9 lies ! great value to ! tea*] ( a k ( ! psy*ology ( ! crit]ion ( pit*4 ,suppose a pupil reads1 8,up f ! mead[s gre5 ) corn10 us+ a ris+ circumflex on 8mead[s40 ,?is w\ld %[ at once t 8mead[s0 0 contra/$ 9 8 m9d ) some?+ else4 ,remove ! contra/1 direct 8 m9d =w>d f t ^w to ! next phrase1 & ! prop] melody w come4 ,"s tea*]s1 especially ^? engag$ 9 ! tea*+ ( "y *ildr51 h a some:at patroniz+ melody 9 all !y say & read4 ,?is melody is ov]fl[+ ) circumflexes1 :i* are soon copi$ by ! class4 ,let ! tea*] free himself f ?is patroniz+ m5tal condition & talk to ! *ildr5 z if !y 7 m5 & wom51 & ! peculi> melody w disappe> f ! voices ( bo? tea*] & pupil4 ,x is r difficult to pres5t ?is melody 9 graphic =m1 b ! foll[+ diagram may prove sugge/ive3 ,illu/ration3 ,n[ let u take our _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ *ildr5 all books4 ,x is h>dly to be believ$ t !re is s mu* ignorance z to ! mean+ ( inflection4 ,dur+ ! pa/ two ye>s1 9 s*ools ( our l>ge/ cities1 ! au?or has he>d tea*]s reprim& _! pupils = all[+ _! voices 8to fall at a comma40 ,z if commas 7 int5d$ to indicate vocal expression6 ,once :5 a bright lad us$ a fall+ inflection on 8want10 9 su* a s5t5ce z 8,:at d y want80 a class ne>ly %ook _! h&s (f 9 _! endeavors to attract ! tea*]'s att5tion1 9 ord] t1 :5 he said1 8,:at's wrong80 !y might %\t at ! top ( _! voices1 8,he let 8 voice d[n at a "q m>k40 ,"o ( ! commone/ ( misund]/&+s t prevail among u1 is t ! ris+ inflection is always to be giv5 ^u words prec$+ commas1 & also t x mu/ nev] be giv5 at ! end ( a s5t5ce4 ,x is hop$ t ^! fallacies h be5 entirely explod$1 & t ! tea*] has le>n$ t motive1 & motive only1 gov]ns ! inflection4 ,we us$ to be told to c\nt "o at a comma1 two at a semi-colon1 & f\r at a p]iod4 ,su* admonitions are exactly on a p> ) ^? j ref]r$ to4 ,tea*]s %\ld be> 9 m9d t pupils d n ne$ to h a musical e> 9 ord] to read ) correct melody4 ,z we h /at$ aga9 & aga91 melody is ! result ( v>y+ t5sion1 & t has no?+ to d ) ! ability to recognize tones4 ,) s++ ?is is diff]5t4 ,!re we mu/ /rike c]ta9 notes1 & e> tra9+ is necess>y2 b spee* melody is in/9ctive1 & all t is necess>y = its developm5t is m5tal tra9+ & practice 9 read+--n voice drills z su*4 ,! melody ( long s5t5ces pres5ts a case ( peculi> difficulty4 ,:]e ! s5t5ce is long1 especially :]e x is long & involv$1 ! pupil's melody is (t5 faulty because he _c hold ! ?\ght 9 m9d f beg9n+ to end4 ,pupils %\ld be tra9$ on s5t5ces specially *os5 to develop _! p[]s ( cont9u\s ?9k+4 ,^! s5t5ces %\ld be c>efully analyz$ & ?or\ghly discuss$ be=e read+4 ,! foll[+ examples1 :ile too difficult = y\ng] pupils1 w af=d good practice = ! tea*]3 ,:ile ! ,union la/s1 we h high1 excit+1 gratify+ prospects spread out be=e u1 = u & our *ildr54 ,beyond t ,i seek n to p5etrate ! veil4 ,god grant t 9 my day1 at lea/1 t curta9 may n rise4 ,god grant t on my vision nev] may be op5$ :at lies beh9d4 ,:5 my eyes %all be turn$ to behold = ! la/ "t ! sun 9 heav51 may ,i n see him %9+ on ! brok5 & di%onor$ fragm5ts ( a once glori\s ,union2 on ,/ates dissev]$1 discordant1 bellig]5t2 on a l& r5t ) civil feuds1 or dr5*$1 x may be1 9 frat]nal blood6 ,let _! la/ feeble & l+]+ glance1 r1 behold ! gorge\s ensign ( ! republic1 n[ kn[n & honor$ ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 /ill full high advanc$1 its arms & trophies /ream+ 9 _! orig9al lu/]1 n a /ripe eras$ or pollut$1 n a s+le /> obscur$--be>+ = its motto no su* mis]able int]rogatory z1 8,:at is all ?is wor?80 nor ^? o!r words ( delusion & folly1 8,lib]ty fir/1 & ,union aft]w>d20 b ev]y:]e1 spread all ov] 9 *>act]s ( liv+ light1 blaz+ on all its ample folds z !y float ov] ! sea & ov] ! l&1 & 9 e w9d "u ! :ole heav5s1 t o!r s5tim5t1 de> to e true ,am]ican he>t--8,lib]ty & ,union1 n[ & =ev]1 "o & insep>able40--,reply to ,hayne4 ,,web/]4 ,note t ! =ce ( 8may ,i n see him0 cont9ues to 8frat]nal blood10 & consequ5tly t !re %\ld be ris+ inflections on 8,union10 8dissev]$10 8discordant10 8bellig]5t10 8feuds10 & 8blood40 ,& note fur!r t 8,:at is all ?is wor?80 & 8,lib]ty fir/1 & ,union aft]w>d10 are anticipative & h5ce w take a ris+ inflection on 8wor?0 & 8aft]w>d40 ,at ,atri 9 ,abruzzo1 a small t[n ,( anci5t ,roman date b scant r5[n1 ,"o ( ^? little places t h run ,half up ! hill1 b5ea? a blaz+ sun1 ,& !n sat d[n to re/1 z if to say1 8,i climb no fur!r upw>d1 come :at may10 ,! ,re ,giovanni1 n[ unkn[n to fame1 ,s _m mon>*s s9ce h borne ! "n1 ,_h a great bell hung 9 ! m>ket place4 --,! ,bell ( ,atri4 ,,longfell[4 ,! t[n w\ld h us$ a fall+ inflection on 8may0 because = x ! s5se w\ld h be5 complet$ ) t ^w2 b ) u ?is phrase is subord9ate1 & h5ce ! inflection on 8may0 w be ris+4 ,& z a hungry lion :o has made ,a prey ( "s l>ge bea/--a hornd /ag ,or m\nta9 goat--rejoices1 & ) spe$ ,dev\rs x1 ?\gh swift h\nds & /urdy y\?s ,press on 8 flank1 s ,m5elaus felt ,great joy :5 ,p>is1 ( ! godlike =m1 ,appe>$ 9 sight1 = n[ he ?\ght to wreak ,8 v5geance on ! guilty "o1 & /raight ,sprang f 8 c> to e>? ) all 8 arms4 --,! ,iliad1 ,book ,,ii4 ,,hom] 7,,bryant74 ,b :5 public ta/e seems plung+ deep] & deep] into degradation day by day1 & :5 ! press univ]sally ex]ts su* p[] z x possesses to direct ! feel+ ( ! nation m completely to all t is !atrical1 affect$1 & false 9 art2 :ile x v5ts its ribald buffoon]ies on ! mo/ exalt$ tru?1 & ! highe/ ideal ( l&scape1 t ?is or any o!r age has ev] witness$1 x becomes ! imp]ative duty ( all :o h any p]ception or k ( :at is really great 9 art1 & any desire = its advancem5t 9 ,engl&1 to come fe>lessly =w>d1 reg>dless ( su* individual int]e/s z are likely to be injur$ by ! k ( :at is good & "r1 to decl>e & demon/rate1 :]ev] !y exi/1 ! ess5ce & ! au?ority ( ! beautiful & ! true4--,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 ,,rusk94 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,quality ,?us f> we h be5 consid]+ ! crit]ia ( /ates ess5tially intellectual4 8,"t0 has to d ) ! ext5t ( ! ?\ght2 8,pit*0 ) ! purpose4 ,quality manife/s emotional /ates4 ,by ,quality we mean t subtle elem5t 9 ! voice by :i* is express$ at "o "t t5d]ness1 at ano!r h>%ness1 at ano!r awe1 & s on ?r\gh ! :ole gamut ( feel+4 ,9 ord] to prove t ! quality 7timbre1 ! ,fr5* call x7 ( ! voice is ! result ( emotional conditions1 we mu/ fir/ und]/& :at we may t]m ! physics ( quality4 ,! numb] ( air waves /rik+ ! e> 9 a giv5 "t det]m9es ! pit*2 ! wid? ( ! waves det]m9es ! volume ( s\nd2 ! %ape ( ! waves det]m9es ! quality4 ,b h[ is ! %ape ( air waves affect$8 ,x w\ld take u too f> f our subject to discuss ?is "q 9 detail4#e ,let x suffice t ! %ape ( ! air wave1 & h5ce ! quality1 is dep5d5t ^u ! texture ( ! vibrat+ body4 ,we recognize at once ! diff]5t qualities respectively ( ! flute1 piano1 viol91 h>p or cornet2 x is ! diff]5ce 9 ! texture ( ! vibrat+ sub/ances t enables u to d ?is4 ,:y w ! arti/ pay ?\s&s ( doll>s = a ,/radiv>ius or ,cremona viol98 ,n because ( its age1 b because ( ! quality ( ! tone he c br+ out on t in/rum5t1 :i* is impossible on o!r makes ( viol9s4 ,! fa%ion]s ( ^! old in/rum5ts possess$ a secret ( treat+ or season+ ! wood t gave to _! products a tone quality ! viol9-mak]s ( to-day endeavor 9 va9 to reproduce4 ,?is treatm5t affect$ ! texture ( ! wood1 & h5ce ! quality4 ,to him :o plays ^u ! human in/rum5t ( ! voice1 is giv5 a great advantage ov] o!r arti/s4 ,he c *ange ! quality ( 8 tone almo/ at w1 :ile !y c only approximate ^! *anges4 ,! tone z x comes f ! vocal b&s is comp>atively colorless1 b ! size & %ape ( ! re9=c+ cavities 7! l>ynx1 ph>ynx1 m\?1 & n>es71 & ! texture ( _! membranes1 det]m9e ! quality ( ! tone t rea*es ! e>4 ,n[1 ! size & %ape ( "s ( ^! c be *ang$ at w1 & are (t5 modifi$ unconsci\sly by emotion4 ,! same may be said ( ! texture ( ! surface aga9/ :i* ! tone imp+es z x comes f ! l>ynx4 ,! %ape ( ! n>es & ! texture ( its membrane are virtually fix$1 z is ! texture ( ! ro( ( ! m\? & ! ph>ynx4 ,h]e9 is ! explanation ( ! individuality ( voices4 ,b ! %ape ( ! m\? & ( ! ph>ynx may be consid]ably modifi$ by ! action ( ! tongue1 ! rais+1 l[]+1 or contract+ ( ! l>ynx1 & ! movem5ts ( ! s(t palate4 ,x is1 !re=e1 cle> t ! quality ( ! voice is p>tly fix$ & p>tly *angeable4 ,be=e we proce$ to discuss ! effect ( emotion ^u ! quality1 we mu/ fir/ recognize t voice defects are ( ?ree k9ds3 7#a7 ,^? aris+ f disease or accid5t1 su* z cat>rh1 ob/ructions 9 ! nose1 enl>g$ tonsils1 brok5 nose1 & _m o!rs4 ,^! require m$ical or surgical treatm5t4 7#b7 ,^? aris+ f cong5ital defects1 :i* c be only p>tially remov$1 su* z cleft palate1 abnormally n>r[ n>es1 & ! l4 7#c7 ,^? aris+ out ( ! temp]am5t ( ! man & ! improp] use ( 8 voice4 ,x %\ld n[ be pla9 t :5 we say t emotion affects ! quality ( ! tone1 we mean ! peculi> quality ( a p>ticul> man4 ,if a speak]'s voice is nasal1 we d n claim t t quality is expressive ( any emotion4 ,on ! contr>y1 nasal quality is ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( 8 voice1 b t quality c be modifi$ by emotion4 ,9 o!r words1 !re c be a nasal-t5d] quality1 or a nasal-h>% quality1 ! t5d] or h>% feel+ acc\nt+ = ! diff]5ce4 ,paul ,heyse has said1 8,! voice is ! man40 ,:at did he mean by t8 ,he did n mean t a ?roaty voice indicat$ "o temp]am5t1 & a nasal voice ano!r1 b t ! emotional man1 ! spiritual man1 has a c]ta9 texture ( muscle4 ,?is texture affects ! quality ( 8 natural voice1 :atev] t voice may be1 & consequ5tly ! quality ( ! voice manife/s ! man4 ,if we w int]pret ?is dictum broadly1 no fault w be f\nd ) x4 ,:o does n recognize ! blu/]+ man by 8 bell[+ tone8 ! fawn+ hypocrite by 8 oily quality8 ! aggressive1 ass]tive individual by 8 h>% guttural8 ,9 all probability1 ,heyse meant m ?an quality1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we use x "h2 b grant+ ?is1 8 say+ is ( v wide application ev5 9 ?is re/rict$ realm4 ,h[ does emotion affect ! quality ( ! voice8 ,emotion is ess5tially a muscul> condition4 ,?is condition is det]m9$ by ! am\nt ( n]v\s en]gy s5t to ! muscles1 & ?is en]gy det]m9es ! muscul> texture4 ,t5d] emotions mean t5d] texture1 a relax$ condition ( ! muscles2 :ile h>% quality is ! result n only ( ?roat contraction 7*ange 9 ! %ape ( ! re9=c+ cavity7 b ( con/rict$ muscle1 h>% texture4 ,?is is all !re is to ! philosophy ( 8,quality40 ,dr4 ,ru%1 9 8 ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice1 has nam$ _m ( ^! qualities4 ,he calls !m ,normal1 ,orotund1 ,guttural1 ,pectoral1 ,falsetto1 & s on2 & m5tions ! emotional conditions t manife/ !mselves ?r\gh ^! v>i\s =ms4 ,on ! :ole1 8 classification is s\nd2 b !re is "o gross error1 due ei!r to himself or 8 foll[]s1 t mu/ be consid]$ "h4 ,! ,orotund 7! enl>g$ natural7 quality is m ?an a l\d voice4 ,x is a full voice ) a quality t _c bett] be describ$ ?an by ! t]m ri*ness4 ,_m /ud5ts h endeavor$ to obta9 ?is quality by %\t+1 or by hold+ ! m\? z if gap+1 & h develop$ only l\dness )\t a trace ( s\lfulness1 or m]ely a r\nd1 holl[ hot-potato-9-!-?roat k9d ( voice4 ,!re is no objection to ! use ( ! t]m ,orotund to *>act]ize t ri*1 full tone sugge/ive ( deep1 full1 enl>g$ feel+2 b we mu/ be> 9 m9d t l\dness is n only n necess>y = ! ,orotund1 b is (t5 no "p ( x at all4 ,! ,orotund1 z we h said1 is t quality ( :i* ! ma9 *>act]i/ics are r\ndness & ri*ness4 ,"o :o is re/rict$ is n likely to use ?is quality4 ,x c come only :5 !re is ! utmo/ fre$om ( ! entire vocal region4 ,:5 we h remov$ ! t5sion :i* may be 8! man10 or ! result ( bad vocal tra9+1 we %all get t enl>g$ quality1 :i* %\ld n1 z is s (t5 ! case1 manife/ m]ely ! l>g] emotional /ates1 b %\ld be ! natural voice ( ! speak]4 ,! ,orotund manife/s dignity above all else2 x manife/s ! l>ge1 gr& _s4 ,( c\rse1 we d n mean an affect$ ,orotund1 b an easy1 l>ge1 unre/rict$ quality %[+ ! l>g5ess ( ! s\l beh9d x4 ,to develop ?is quality1 let ! /ud5t use 8 imag9ation4 ,let him dwell = a long "t ^u ! sublimity & gr&eur ( su* passages z foll[4 ,!n let him ab&on himself to ! emotion ar\s$ ?r\gh 8 contemplation1 & 9 "t ! g5u9e ,orotund w come4 ,& s only c x come4 ,s important is ?is phase ( ! subject t we repeat3 ,! tone expressive ( elevat$ feel+ 8_c be me*anically produc$1 or manufactur$ indep5d5tly ( ! g5]al m5tal & physical conditions40 ,! imag9ation mu/ lead1 o!rwise we %all h big voices )\t big quality4 ,t peculi> quality expressive ( enl>g$ feel+ is n necess>ily l\d4 ,9 fact1 ! voice may n be /rong1 b1 at ! same "t1 x may sugge/ gr&eur & sublimity f> bett] ?an a voice t has %e] l\dness4 ,b1 if ! /ud5t w practice fai?fully1 he may be assur$ t 8 voice w receive m g5u9e tra9+ ?r\gh ^! ex]cises ?an ?r\gh a :ole volume ( m]ely te*nical drills4 ,develop ! imag9ation1 ! s\l1 & ! voice w gr[ ?r\gh ! ef=t ( ! s\l to g out 9 expression4 ,b let him avoid m]e %\t+ & vocif]at+1 ev5 if he nev] gets a voice4 ,if ! /ud5t has n ! imag9ation1 he mu/ develop x4 ,!re are _m l\d voices1 b few ) s\lful quality4 ,b :at avails ?is l\dness8 ,c]ta9ly x enables "o to be he>d above ! d9 ( voices & ! ro> ( ! waves1 b x nev] /irs ! nobl] emotions ( an audi5ce2 & unless "o c d t he is any?+ b an orator4 ,m]e l\dness is rant--no?+ less4 ,_m /ud5ts1 = "o reason or ano!r1 ei!r h no ability to express elevat$ feel+ 9 public1 or repress x ?r\gh diffid5ce or %yness4 ,let su* rememb] t we are con/antly exp]i5c+ & express+ ?is feel+ 9 our ev]yday life2 t x is simply an enl>gem5t ( a m or less commonplace feel+2 & let him beg9 ) ! simple examples t are set d[n fir/4 ,any "o c say1 ,:at a lovely day ?is is6 ,well1 t is a mild =m ( elevat$ feel+4 ,let him imag9e x is graduation day1 & t ra9 _h be5 ?reat5+ to fall all ! previ\s night4 ,x is daylight n[2 & z he op5s 8 eyes & looks up at ! cl\dless sky1 w he n exclaim ) elevat$ feel+1 ,:at a glori\s day we're go+ to h6 ,by 8elevat$ feel+s0 "o mu/ n und]/& ^? only t are s]i\s & solemn4 ,:5ev] ! imag9ation is enk9dl$ by ! contemplation ( :at is l>ge1 dignifi$1 gr&1 sublime1 ! emotions are /irr$1 & f9d expression 9 enl>g$1 s\lful quality4 ,ay1 e in* a k+4 ,?9k ( x6 a build+ t c\ld hold a hundr$ ?\s& p6 ,"h w be _! greate/ triumph4 ,:o %all put asund] ! be/ affections ( ! he>t8 ,we lov$ ! l& ( our adoption6 ,a good "n is bett] ?an preci\s o9tm5t4 ,gird up ?y lo9s n[1 l a man4 ,com=t ye my p4 ,o ,zion1 t br+e/ good tid+s1 get !e up into ! high m\nta96 ,he is z hone/ a man z ev] brea!d4 ,se>* creation r\nd1 :]e w y f9d a c\ntry t pres5ts s sublime a spectacle1 s int]e/+ an anticipation8 ,mo/ ( all1 fell[-citiz5s1 if y\r sons ask ^: example !y %all imitate1 :at w y say8 ,= y "k well x is n music1 nor ! gymnasiums1 nor ! s*ools1 t mold "y m52 x is mu* m ! public proclamations1 ! public example4 ,if y take "o ^: life has no high purpose1 "o :o mocks at morals1 & cr[n him 9 ! !at]1 e boy :o sees x is corrupt$4 ,:5 a bad man suff]s 8 des]ts1 ! p le>n2 on ! contr>y1 :5 a man ,,votes ,,aga9/ ,,:at ,,is ,,noble ,,& ,,j1 & !n comes home to tea* 8 son1 ! boy w v promptly say1 8,y\r lesson is imp]t95t & a bore40 ,bew>e1 !re=e1 ,a!nians1 rememb]+ po/]ity w rejudge y\r judgm5t1 & t ! "* ( a city is det]m9$ by ! "* ( ! m5 x cr[ns4 ,"r =ev] on ! scaffold1 ,wrong =ev] on ! ?rone2 ,b t scaffold sways ! future1 & beh9d ! dim unkn[n ,/&e? ,god )9 ! %ad[1 keep+ wat* above 8 own4 ,?\1 too1 sail on1 ,o ,%ip ( ,/ate6 ,sail on1 ,o ,,union1 /rong & great6 ,humanity1 ) all its fe>s1 ,) all ! hopes ( future ye>s ,is hang+ brea?less on ?y fate6 ,we "k :at ,ma/] laid ?y keel1 ,:at workm5 wr\ght ?y ribs ( /eel1 ,:o made ea* ma/1 & sail1 & rope1 ,:at anvils rang1 :at hamm]s beat1 ,9 :at a =ge1 & :at a heat1 ,7 %ap$ ! an*ors ( ?y hope6 ,fe> n ea* sudd5 s\nd & %ock2 ',tis ( ! wave1 & n ! rock2 ',tis b ! flapp+ ( ! sail1 ,& n a r5t made by ! gale6 ,9 spite ( rock & tempe/'s ro>1 ,9 spite ( false lights on ! %ore1 ,sail on1 nor fe> to brea/ ! sea6 ,our he>ts1 our hopes1 are all ) !e3 ,our he>ts1 our hopes1 our pray]s1 our te>s1 ,our fai? triumphant o'er our fe>s1 ,are all ) !e1--are all ) !e6 --,! ,%ip ( ,/ate4 ,,longfell[4 ,see :at a grace 0 seat$ on ?is br[2 ,hyp]ion's curls2 ! front ( ,jove himself2 ,an eye l ,m>s1 to ?reat5 & comm&2 ,a /ation l ! h]ald ,m]cury ,new-light$ on a heav5-kiss+ hill2 ,a comb9ation & a =m inde$1 ,:]e e god did seem to set 8 seal1 ,to give ! _w assurance ( a man4 --,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #d4 ,awake1 my s\l6 ,n only passive praise ,?\ owe/2 n alone ^! swell+ te>s1 ,mute ?anks1 & secret ec/asy4 ,awake1 ,voice ( sweet song6 ,awake my he>t1 ,awake6 ,gre5 vales & icy cliffs1 all jo9 my hymn6 --,,col]idge4 ,& ! ev5+ /> 0 %9+ ,on ,s*ehallion's di/ant head1 ,:5 we wip$ our bloody broadswords1 ,& return$ to c\nt ! dead4 ,!re we f\nd him1 ga%$ & gory1 ,/ret*$ ^u ! cumb]$ pla91 ,z he told u :]e to seek him1 ,9 ! ?icke/ ( ! sla94 ,& a smile 0 on 8 visage1 ,= )9 8 dy+ e> ,peal$ ! joyful note ( triumph1 ,& ! clansman's clamor\s *e]3 ,s1 amid/ ! battle's ?und]1 ,%ot1 & /eel1 & scor*+ flame1 ,9 ! glory ( 8 manhood ,pass$ ! _s ( ! ,grme6 ,op5 wide ! vaults ( ,a?oll1 ,:]e ! bones ( h]oes re/1-- ,op5 wide ! hall[$ portals ,to receive ano!r gue/6 ,la/ ( ,scots & la/ ( freem51-- ,la/ ( all t dauntless race1 ,:o w\ld r die unsulli$ ,?an outlive ! l&'s disgrace6 --,,ayt\n4 ,bury ! great ,duke ,) an empire's lam5tation1 ,let u bury ! ,great ,duke ,to ! noise ( ! m\rn+ ( a mighty nation1 ,m\rn+ :5 _! lead]s fall1 ,w>riors c>ry ! w>rior's pall1 ,& sorr[ d>k5s hamlet & hall4 ,:]e %all we lay ! man :om we deplore8 ,"h1 9 /ream+ ,london's c5tral ro>1 ,let ! s\nd ( ^? he wr\ght =1 ,& ! feet ( ^? he f\ght =1 ,e*o r\nd 8 bones =ev]more4 ,lead out ! pageant3 sad & sl[1 ,z fits a univ]sal woe1 ,let ! long1 long procession g1 ,& let ! sorr[+ cr[d ab\t x gr[1 ,& let ! m\rnful m>tial music bl[2 ,! la/ great ,engli%man is l[4 ,all is ov] & done3 ,r5d] ?anks to ! ,giv]1 ,engl&1 = ?y son4 ,let ! bell be toll'd4 ,r5d] ?anks to ! ,giv]1 ,& r5d] him to ! mold4 ,"u ! cross ( gold ,t %9es ov] city & riv]1 ,!re he %all re/ =ev] ,among ! wise & ! bold4 ,let ! bell be toll'd3 ,& a rev]5t p behold ,! t[]+ c>1 ! sable /e$s3 ,bright let x be ) 8 blazon'd de$s ,d>k 9 its fun]al fold1 ,let ! bell be toll'd3 ,& a deep] knell 9 ! he>t be knoll'd2 ,& ! s\nd ( ! sorr[+ an!m roll'd ,?ro' ! dome ( ! gold5 cross2 ,& ! volley+ cannon ?und] 8 loss2 ,he knew _! voices ( old4 ,= _m a "t 9 _m a clime ,8 capta9's e> has he>d !m boom1 ,bell[+ victory1 bell[+ doom3 ,:5 he ) ^? deep voices wr\ght1 ,gu>d+ realms & k+s f %ame2 ,) ^? deep voices our dead capta9 taught ,! tyrant1 & ass]ts 8 claim ,9 t dread s\nd to ! great "n ,:i* he has worn s pure ( blame1 ,9 praise & 9 dispraise ! same1 ,a man ( well-attemp]'d frame4 ,o civic ,muse1 to su* a "n1 ,to su* a "n = ages long1 ,to su* a "n1 ,pres]ve a broad approa* ( fame1 ,& ev]-e*o+ av5ues ( song4 --,ode on ! ,dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,,t5nyson4 ,v5]able m56 y h come d[n to u f a =m] g5]ation4 ,heav5 has b\nte\sly l5g!n$ out y\r lives1 t y might behold ?is joy\s day4 ,y are n[ :]e y /ood fifty ye>s ago1 ?is v h\r1 ) y\r bro!rs & y\r neighbors1 %\ld] to %\ld]1 9 ! /rife = y\r c\ntry4 ,behold1 h[ alt]$6 ,! same heav5s are inde$ above y\r heads2 ! same ocean rolls at y\r feet2 b all else h[ *ang$6 ,y he> n[ no ro> ( ho/ile cannon1 y see no mix$ volume ( smoke & flame ris+ f burn+ ,*>le/[n4 ,! gr\nd /rew$ ) ! dead & dy+2 ! impetu\s *>ge2 ! /eady & successful repulse2 ! l\d call to repeat$ assault2 ! summon+ ( all t is manly to repeat$ resi/ance2 a ?\s& bosoms freely & fe>lessly b>$ 9 an in/ant to :atev] ( t]ror !re may be 9 w> & dea?2 all ^! y h witness$1 b y witness !m no m4 ,all is peace4 ,! heights ( yond] metropolis1 its t[]s & ro(s1 :i* y !n saw fill$ ) wives & *ildr5 & c\ntrym5 9 di/ress & t]ror1 & look+ ) unutt]able emotions = ! issue ( ! combat1 h pres5t$ y to-day ) ! sight ( its :ole happy population come out to welcome & greet y ) a univ]sal jubilee4 ,yond] pr\d %ips1 by a felicity ( position appropriately ly+ at ! foot ( ?is m\nt1 & seem+ fondly to cl+ ar\nd x1 are n means ( annoyance to y1 b y\r c\ntry's own means ( de/ruction & def5se4--,,web/]4 ,:at lesson %all ^? lips tea* u8 ,be=e t /ill1 calm br[ let u take a new baptism4 ,h[ c we /& "h )\t a fre% & utt] consecration8 ,^! te>s6 h[ %all we d>e ev5 to (f] consolation8 ,only lips fre% f su* a v[ h ! "r to m+le _! words ) y\r te>s4 ,we envy y y\r ne>] place to ^! m>tyr$ *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,i d n believe slav]y w g d[n 9 blood4 ,ours is an age ( ?\ght4 ,he>ts are /rong] ?an swords4 ,t la/ =tnight6 ,h[ sublime its lesson6 ! ,*ri/ian "o ( consci5ce1--( tru?4 ,virg9ia is weak1 because ea* man's he>t said am5 to ,john ,br[n4 ,8 words1--!y are /rong] ev5 ?an 8 rifles4 ,^! cru%$ a ,/ate4 ,^? h *ang$ ! ?\ghts ( millions1 & w yet cru% slav]y4 ,m5 said1 8,w\ld he _h di$ 9 arms60 ,god ord]$ bett]1 & grant$ to him & ! slave ^? noble prison h\rs1--t s+le h\r ( dea?2 grant$ him a high] ?an ! soldi]'s place1--t ( tea*]2 ! e*oes ( 8 rifles h di$ away 9 ! hills1--a million he>ts gu>d 8 words4 ,god bless ?is ro(1--make x bless u4 ,we d>e n say bless y1 *ildr5 ( ?is home6 y /& ne>] to "o ^: lips ,god t\*$1 & we r b5d = y\r bless+s4 ,god make u all wor?i] ( him ^: du/ we lay among ^! hills he lov$4 ,"h he gird$ himself & w5t =? to battle4 ,full] success ?an 8 he>t ev] dream$ ,god grant$ him4 ,he sleeps 9 ! bless+s ( ! cru%$ & ! poor1 & m5 believe m firmly 9 virtue1 n[ t su* a man has liv$4 ,/&+ "h1 let u ?ank ,god = a firm] fai? & full] hope4--,,w5dell ,,phillips4 ,a great deal ( space has be5 giv5 to ! prec$+ illu/rations because ! quality necess>y to express ! emotions 9 ^? selections is v r>e4 ,r>e = two reasons3 fir/1 because we dwell s mu* ( ! "t 9 ! realm ( ! s-call$ practical t we lose int]e/ 9 ! sublim] aspects pres5t$ 9 poetry2 &1 secondly1 we d n express ^! l>g] emotions freely & (t54 ,expression1 l all o!r p[]s1 comes ?r\gh practice4 ,! second di/9ct quality is :at has be5 call$ ! ,normal4 ,?is is ! voice ( ev]yday life1 ! voice 9 :i* we c>ry on ! conv]sation ( ! home1 ! s*oolroom1 & ! bus9ess ( life g5]ally4 ,we ne$ no special practice 9 ?is quality1 b x is well to recognize x 9 ord] t we may comp>e ) x ! o!r qualities4 ,! foll[+ extract w\ld be express$ 9 ,normal quality4 ,speak ! spee*1 ,i pray y1 z ,i pron\nc$ x to y1 tripp+ly on ! tongue2 b if y m\? x1 z _m ( y\r play]s d1 ,i _h z lief ! t[n cri] spoke my l9es4 ,& d n saw ! air too mu* ) y\r h&1 ?us2 b use all g5tly3 = 9 ! v torr5t1 tempe/1 & 7z ,i may say7 :irlw9d ( y\r passion1 y mu/ acquire & beget a temp]ance t may give x smoo?ness4 ,oh1 x (f5ds me to ! s\l to he> a robu/i\s1 p]iwig-pat$ fell[ te> a passion to tatt]s1 to v rags1 to split ! e>s ( ! gr\ndl+s1 :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 are capable ( no?+ b inexplicable dumb-%[s & noise4 ,i w\ld h su* a fell[ :ipp$ = o'erdo+ ,t]magant2 x out-h]ods ,h]od3 pray y avoid x4 ,be n too tame ei!r1 b let y\r own discretion be y\r tutor3 suit ! action to ! ^w1 ! ^w to ! action1 ) ?is special obs]vance1 t y o'er/ep n ! mode/y ( ,nature2 = any?+ s ov]done is f ! purpose ( play+1 ^: end1 bo? at ! fir/1 & n[1 01 & is1 to hold1 z 'tw]e1 ! mirror up to ,nature1 to %[ ,virtue h] own feature1 ,scorn h] own image1 & ! v age & body ( ! "t 8 =m & pressure4 ,n[1 ?is ov]done1 or come t>dy (f1 ?\gh x make ! unskillful laugh1 _c b make ! judici\s grieve2 ! c5sure ( ! :i* "o mu/1 9 y\r all[ance1 o'erweigh a :ole !at] ( o!rs4 ,oh1 !re be play]s t ,i h se5 play--& he>d o!rs praise1 & t highly--n to speak x pr(anely1 t1 nei!r hav+ ! acc5t ( ,*ri/ians1 nor ! gait ( ,*ri/ian1 pagan1 or man1 h s /rutt$ & bell[$ t ,i h ?\ght "s ( ,nature's j\rneym5 _h made m51 & n made !m well1 !y imitat$ humanity s abom9ably4--,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,9 a "w :i* makes no pret5sion to cov] ! :ole realm ( elocution1 x w\ld be out ( place to discuss ! m extravagant =ms ( emotion1 su* z t]ror1 rage1 hate1 & ! l4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to give ?is phase ( ! subject a c]ta9 approximation to complete treatm5t1 x may be well to t\* ^u ^! abnormal emotional /ates & ! respective qualities 9 :i* !y f9d expression4 ,!re is a wide range ( feel+ t s affects ! action ( ! vocal app>atus z to produce a brea?y tone4 ,x w\ld be idle & mislead+ to enum]ate all ! occasions ^u :i* we might expect to he> ?is aspirat$ voice4 ,suffice x t a s5se ( oppression result+ f any "o ( _m causes3 ! desire n to be ov]he>d2 ! weakness ( old age & disease--any ( ^! conditions may produce ! aspirat$ tone4 ,aspiration does n manife/ any "o emotion1 b may accompany _m4 ,!re may be consid]able aspiration mix$ ) ! expression ( joy1 z well z ) ! expression ( hate or despair4 ,x is well to be> ?is 9 m9d1 = _m text books give ! 8,aspirat$ ,quality0 z a specific k9d ( voice manife/+ specific emotions & ^? only4 ,:5 we obs]ve t ?is quality is f\nd 9 awe1 t]ror1 hate1 & l emotions2 9 debility2 & :5 we wi% to :isp]2 ! unsci5tific nature ( su* a classification becomes suffici5tly cle>4 ,a few examples are app5d$3 ,/6 ,don't make any noise3 he's asleep4 ,walk s(tly3 ,i ?9k !y're li/5+4 ,g away6 ,i hate y4 ,oh6 ,i'm s tir$2 help me along4 ,h[ c ,i tell him ! tru?6 ,!re is no hope4 8,*>ge1 ,*e/]1 *>ge6 ,on1 ,/anley1 on60 ,7 ! la/ words ( ,m>mion4 ,o horror6 horror6 horror6 ,tongue1 nor he>t1 _c conceive1 nor "n !e6 ,measureless li>6 ,sp>e me1 great ,god6 ,lift up my droop+ br[2 ,i am cont5t to die2 b1 oh1 n n[4 ,i pray y1 give me leave to g h5ce2 ,i am n well4 ,de> ma/]1 ,i c g no fur!r3 ,o1 ,i die = food6 ,"h lie ,i d[n1 & measure out my grave4 ,f>ewell1 k9d ma/]4 ,h[ ill ?is tap] burns6 ,ha6 :o comes "h8 ,i ?9k x is ! weakness ( my eyes ,t %apes ?is mon/r\s app>ition4 ,x comes ^u me4 ,art ?\ any ?+8 ,art ?\ "s god1 "s angel1 or "s devil1 ,t mak'/ my blood cold1 & my hair to />e8-- ,speak to me :at ?\ art4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act iv41 ,sc4 #c4 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,alack6 ,i am afraid !y h awak'd1 ,& 'tis n done4 ,! attempt1 & n ! de$1 ,conf\nds u4 ,h>k6--,i laid _! dagg]s ready1 ,he c\ld n miss !m4--,_h he n resembl$ ,my fa!r z he slept1 ,i _h done 't4 ,my husb&6 ,,macbe?4 ,i h done ! de$4 ,did/ ?\ n he> a noise8 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,i he>d ! owl scream1 & ! crickets cry4 ,did y n speak8 ,,macbe?4 ,:58 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,n[4 ,,macbe?4 ,z ,i desc5d$8 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,ay4 ,,macbe?4 ,h>k6 ,:o lies i' ?' second *amb]8 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,donalba94 ,,macbe?4 ,?is is a sorry sight4 ,look+ at 8 h&s4 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,a fooli% ?\ght1 to say a sorry sight4 ,,macbe?4 ,!re's "o did laugh 9 's sleep1 ,& "o cri$1 8,murd]60 t !y did wake ea* o!r2 ,i /ood & he>d !m3 b !y did say _! pray]s1 ,& address'd !m aga9 to sleep4 --,macbe?1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,/]n1 sev]e1 h>% feel+s h a t5d5cy to contract ! ?roat2 h5ce1 we get a quality t is call$ ! ,guttural4 ,x is he>d only :]e ! passion grips ! ?roat4 ,m5d1 & *ange home1 ,or by ! fires ( heav51 ,i'll leave ! foe1 ,& make me w>s on y3 look to 't3 ,come on6 8,curse on him60 quo? false ,sextus3 8,w n ! villa9 dr[n8 ,b = ?is /ay1 ere close ( day ,we %\ld h sack$ ! t[n60 ,nev]1 ,iago4 ,l to ! ,pontic ,sea1 ,^: icy curr5t & compulsive c\rse ,ne'er feels retir+ ebb1 b keeps due on ,to ! ,propontic & ! ,hellespont1 ,ev5 s my bloody ?\ghts1 ) viol5t pace1 ,%all ne'er look back1 ne'er ebb to humble love1 ,till t a capable & wide rev5ge ,swall[ !m up4 ,n[1 by yond' m>ble heav51 ,9 ! due rev]5ce ( a sacr$ v[ ,i "h engage my words4 --,o!llo1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #c4 ,bl[ w9ds1 & crack y\r *eeks6 rage6 bl[6 ,y cat>acts & hurricanes1 sp\t ,till y h dr5*'d our /eeples1 dr[n'd ! cocks6 ,y sulphur\s & ?\ght-execut+ fires1 ,vaunt c\ri]s to oak-cleav+ ?und]bolts1 ,s+e my :ite head6 ,& ?\1 all-%ak+ ?und]1 ,/rike flat ! ?ick rotundity o' ! _w6 ,crack ,nature's molds1 all g]m5s spill at once1 ,t make ungrateful man6 --,k+ ,le>1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,!re are two opposite qualities ( voice well kn[n to s+]s3 ! bright1 r++ tone1 & ! d>k1 sombre1 cov]$ tone4 ,?is di/9ction is1 = ! purposes ( ! public-s*ool tea*]1 f> m valuable ?an mo/ o!rs4 ,joy1 happ9ess1 buoyancy1 exub]ance1 are likely1 :5 !re are no m>k$ physical defects1 to f9d expression 9 ! bright tone2 :ile sorr[ & ! moods ( introspection may (t5 modify ! texture ( ! vibrat+ sub/ances s z to produce ! d>k] quality4 ,,extracts ,,to ,,illu/rate 8,,d>k0 ,,quality4 ,,k+4 ,o1 my (f5se is rank1 x smells to ,heav52 ,x ha? ! primal elde/ curse ^u't1 ,a bro!r's murd]6 ,pray c ,i n3 ,?\gh incl9ation be z %>p z w1 ,my /rong] guilt defeats my /rong int5t2 ,&1 l a man to d\ble bus9ess b\nd1 ,i /& 9 pause :]e ,i %all fir/ beg91 ,& bo? neglect4 ,:at if ?is cursd h& ,7 ?ick] ?an itself ) bro!r's blood1 ,is !re n ra9 en\gh 9 ! sweet ,heav5s ,to wa% x :ite z sn[8 ,:]eto s]ves m]cy ,b to confront ! visage ( (f5se8 ,& :at's 9 pray] b ?is tw(old =ce1-- ,to be =e/alld ere we come to fall1 ,or p>don'd be+ d[n8 ,!n ,i'll look up2 ,my fault is pa/4 ,b1 ,o1 :at =m ( pray] ,c s]ve my turn8 ,=give me my f\l murd]8 ,t _c be2 s9ce ,i am /ill possess'd ,( ^! effects = :i* ,i did ! murd]1 ,my cr[n1 m9e own ambition1 & my ,que54 ,may "o be p>don$ & reta9 ?' (f5se8444 --,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #c4 ,alas6 my noble boy6 t ?\ %\ld/ die6 ,?\ :o w]t made s beautifully fair6 ,t dea? %\ld settle 9 ?y glori\s eye1 ,& leave 8 /illness 9 ?is clu/]+ hair6 ,h[ c\ld he m>k !e = ! sil5t tomb1 ,my pr\d boy1 ,absalom6 ,cold is ?y br[1 my son6 & ,i am *ill ,z to my bosom ,i h tri$ to press !e6 ,h[ 0 ,i wont to feel my pulses ?rill ,l a ri* h>p-/r+ ye>n+ to c>ess !e1 ,& he> ?y sweet 8my fa!r60 f ^? dumb ,& cold lips1 ,absalom6 ,b dea? is on !e6 ,i %all he> ! gu% ,( music1 & ! voices ( ! "y2 ,& life w pass me 9 ! mantl+ blu%1 ,& ! d>k tresses to ! s(t w9ds flung2-- ,b ?\ no m1 ) ?y sweet voice1 %alt come ,to meet me1 ,absalom6 ,& oh6 :5 ,i am /rick51 & my he>t1 ,l a bruis$ re$1 is wait+ to be brok51 ,h[ w its love = !e1 z ,i dep>t1 ,ye>n = ?9e e> to dr9k its la/ deep tok56 ,x 7 s sweet1 amid dea?'s ga!r+ gloom1 ,to see !e1 ,absalom6 --,david's ,lam5t ov] ,absalom4 ,n4 ,p4 ,,willis4 ,,le>4 ,y ,heav5s1 give me pati5ce1--pati5ce ,i ne$6 ,y see me "h1 y gods1 a poor old man1 ,z full ( grief z age2 wret*$ 9 bo?6 ,if x be y t /ir ^! daught]s' he>ts ,aga9/ _! fa!r1 fool me n s mu* ,to be> x tamely2 t\* me ) noble ang]2 ,& let n wom5's weapons1 wat]-drops1 ,/a9 my man's *eeks6--,no1 y unnatural hags1 ,i w h su* rev5ges on y bo?1 ,t all ! _w %all--,i w d su* ?+s1-- ,:at !y are1 yet ,i "k n2 b !y %all be ,! t]rors ( ! e>?4 ,y ?9k ,i'll weep2 ,no1 ,i'll n weep3 ,i h full cause ( weep+2 b ?is he>t ,%all break into a hundr$ ?\s& flaws1 ,or e'er ,i'll weep4--,o ,fool1 ,i %all g mad6 --,k+ ,le>1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #d4 ,,examples ,,to ,,illu/rate 8,,bright0 ,,quality4 ,,gratiano4 ,let me play ! fool3 ,) mir? & laught] let old wr9kles come1 ,& let my liv] r heat ) w9e ,?an my he>t cool ) mortify+ groans4 ,:y %\ld a man1 ^: blood is w>m )91 ,sit l 8 gr&sire cut 9 alaba/]8 ,sleep :5 he wakes & creep into ! jaundice ,by be+ peevi%8 ,i tell !e :at1 ,antonio-- ,i love !e1 & x is my love t speaks-- ,!re are a sort ( m5 ^: visages ,d cream & mantle l a /&+ pond1 ,& d a willful /illness ent]ta91 ,) purpose to be dress'd 9 an op9ion ,( wisdom1 gravity1 pr(\nd conceit1 ,z :o %\ld say1 8,i am ,sir ,oracle1 ,& :5 ,i ope my lips let no dog b>k60 ,o my ,antonio1 ,i d "k ( ^! ,t !re=e only are reput$ wise ,= say+ no?+1 :o1 ,i am v sure1 ,if !y %\ld speak1 w\ld almo/ damn ^? e>s ,:i*1 he>+ !m1 w\ld call _! bro!rs1 fools4 ,i'll tell !e m ( ?is ano!r "t3 ,b fi% n1 ) ?is melan*oly bait1 ,= ?is fool gudgeon1 ?is op9ion4 ,come1 good ,lor5zo4 ,f>e ye well a:ile3 ,i'll end my exhortation aft] d9n]4 --,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #a4 ,%e m\nts h] *>iot ) a trice1 ,nor w\ld %e /ay = no advice1 ,until h] maids1 t 7 s nice1 ,to wait on h] 7 fitt$4 ,b ran h]self away alone2 ,:i* :5 !y he>d1 !re 0 n "o ,b ha/$ aft] to be gone1 ,z %e _h be5 diswitt$4 ,hop1 & ,mop1 & ,drap s cle>1 ,pip1 & ,trip1 & ,%ip1 t 7 ,to ,mab _! sov]eign de>1 ,h] special maids ( honor2 ,fib1 & ,tib1 & ,p9ck1 & ,p91 ,tick1 & ,quick1 & ,jill1 & ,j91 ,tit1 & ,nit1 & ,wap1 & ,w91 ,! tra9 t wait ^u h]4 ,^u a gras%opp] !y got1 ,& :at ) amble & ) trot1 ,= h$ge nor dit* !y sp>$ n1 ,b aft] h] !y hie !m4 ,a cobweb ov] !m !y ?r[1 ,to %ield ! w9d if x %\ld bl[1 ,!mselves !y wisely c\ld be/[1 ,le/ any %\ld espy !m4 --,que5 ,mab4 ,,drayton4 ,*e] answ] *e]1 & be> ! *e] ab\t4 ,hurrah1 hurrah1 = ! fi]y =t is ours6 8,victory1 victory1 victory60 ,he> ! sl$ges ) ! bells1--silv] bells2 ,:at a _w ( m]rim5t _! melody =etells6 ,h[ !y t9kle1 t9kle1 t9kle1 ,9 ! icy air ( night6 ,:ile ! />s t ov]spr9kle ,all ! heav5s1 seem to tw9kle ,) a cry/all9e delight2 ,keep+ "t1 "t1 "t1 ,9 a sort ( ,runic rhyme1 ,to ! t9t9nabulation t s musically wells ,f ! bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1-- ,f ! j+l+ & ! t9kl+ ( ! bells4 --,! ,bells4 ,,poe4 ,,p$agogical ,,aspects4 ,= ! ?ird "t1 x is well to be rem9d$ t drills 9 ! elem5ts ( expression z su* h no place 9 public-s*ool tra9+4 ,p]haps 9 no "p ( ! "w is m c>e necess>y ?an 9 ! developm5t ( ! pupil's p[] to express feel+4 ,if we 7 discuss+ me?ods ( tea*+ elocution outside ( ! public s*ool1 ! au?or w\ld be compell$ to prote/ /rongly aga9/ a preval5t practice ( endeavor+ to develop ! diff]5t vocal qualities ap>t f ! emotion t produces ^! qualities4 ,b ! difficulty 9 public-s*ool me?ods is t !y pay comp>atively little att5tion to emotional expression4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 s educators say1 !re is ei!r no feel+ 78no expression10 "s put x71 or1 :at is worse1 !re is a palpable affectation ( feel+4 ,someh[1 x has come to be consid]$ 8girli%0 = a boy to put feel+ into 8 read+1 especially t5d] feel+2 & = ! girl to d s is consid]$ a sure indication ( weakness4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! s*ool-room is n conducive to ! developm5t ( emotional p[]1 & if1 by any *ance1 a %oot %\ld peep out ( ! soil1 x dies = want ( light & w>m?4 ,emotion 9 itself is a good ?+1 :5 prop]ly guid$2 b we ne$ emotion 9 read+ because x is a sign t ! pupil c be mov$ by ! contemplation ( ! noble1 ! t5d]1 ! true4 ,x is a sign t ! *ildr5 h t preci\s gift ( imag9ation4 ,:]e !re is no opportunity = ! expression ( feel+1 !re mu/ result a great loss 9 expressive p[] & ev5tually 9 p[] ( imag9ation4 ,su* a loss is irrem$iable1 = !re foll[s 9 its wake inability to appreciate ! f9] brea? & _s ( lit]ature4 ,our public s*ools1 except 9 p>ticul>ly favor$ di/ricts1 c d v little t[>ds tra9+ ! voices ( ! pupils4 ,ev5 :5 !re are special tea*]s ! be/ results are f\nd n s mu* 9 ! voices z 9 ! ability to read music4 ,to tra9 ! human voice requires g5ius & mu* p>ticul> tra9+1 & we _c expect t s*ool communities w appo9t su* tea*]s = _m1 _m g5]ations4 ,b developm5t ( ! *ild's p[]s ( expression ?r\gh ! /imulation ( 8 imag9ation & emotions w d wond]s = 8 voice4 ,s t "h we h a ?ird reason = plead+ s e>ne/ly = m c>eful att5tion to ?is aspect ( vocal expression4 ,"o he>s s (t5 ! excuse1 8,oh1 he hasn't any voice2 t's :y he c't read40 ,! au?or believes ) t great speciali/ 9 ! *ild voice1 ,william ,l4 ,toml9s1 t1 except :5 !re are s]i\s /ructural defects1 ! imag9ation & s\l w make a voice4 ,let x be rem>k$1 t ! claim is n made t vocal tra9+ is unnecess>y4 ,b :5 we look at ! conditions t make impossible ! appo9tm5t ( skill$ speciali/s 9 voice1 we give up 9 despair ( effect+ = "s "t to come any radical *ange4 ,fur!r1 a good voice does n imply a good read]4 ,s9ce1 !n1 we c n get ! voice tea*]2 & s9ce1 :5 we c1 we are n assur$ he w develop good expressioni/s1 x %\ld be a great /imulus to ! consci5ti\s tea*] to le>n t ! v highe/ quality ( ! voice1 s\lfulness1 may be develop$ ?r\gh /imulation ( ! imag9ation4 ,&1 fur!r1 let u note t expression t comes 9 ?is way c nev] be affect$4 ,! tea*] n[ kn[s t emotion affects ! quality ( tone4 ,let him !n use ?is k z he has le>n$ to use 8 k ( ! o!r crit]ia4 ,we recognize in/9ctively ! quality t expresses sorr[1 t5d]ness1 joy & ! o!r /ates ( feel+4 ,:5 ! prop] quality does n appe> x is because ! *ild has no feel+ or ! wrong feel+--g5]ally ! =m]4 ,!re is b "o way to correct ! expression1 i4 e41 by /imulat+ ! imag9ation4 ,?is is a mo/ difficult task1 b t fact does n excuse u f attempt+ x4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii ?is feature w be treat$ at l5g?4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,=ce ,=ce manife/s ! degree ( m5tal en]gy4 ,:5 we speak 9 a l\d voice !re is mu* en]gy2 :5 s(tly1 !re is little4 ,?is crit]ion is ! easie/ ( ! f\r to und]/&1 because1 p]haps1 x is ! mo/ tangible4 ,we ne$ n /ay1 !re=e1 to illu/rate1 b may pass on to consid] a subdivision ( ,=ce1 ! und]/&+ ( :i* is v necess>y to good tea*+4 ,9 read+ ! foll[+ l9es note h[ explosive is ! utt]ance on ! emphatic words3 ,d[n6 d[n6 y\r lances1 d[n6 ,be> back bo? fri5d & foe6 ,n[ obs]ve h[ diff]5tly we apply ! =ce on ! emphatic words ( ?is extract3 ,ye gods6 ye gods6 ,mu/ ,i endure all ?is8 ,9 ! fir/ example1 ^u ! emphatic words1 !re 0 he>d a l\d explosion ( ! voice1 foll[$ by a gradual dim9ution 9 =ce2 9 ! second1 ! voice p]ceptibly swell$ on ! significant words4 ,?is swell or dim9i% has be5 call$ 8,/ress40 ,p]haps x is n ! be/ ^w1 b s9ce its mean+ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we are us+ x "h is g5]ally und]/ood1 x may be well to reta9 x4 8,/ress0 ref]s to ! mann] ( apply+ ! =ce to ! emphatic syllable4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ! prec$+ illu/rations1 ! greate/ =ce 0 at ! beg9n+ ( ! emphatic syllable4 ,?is =m is call$ 8,radical0 /ress4 ,9 ! second1 ! =ce 0 appli$ 9 ! opposite mann]4 ,?is =m is d5om9at$ 8,f9al0 /ress4 ,radical /ress m>ks all =ms ( animat$ utt]ance4 ,x is ! result ( ! normal action ( ! vocal *ords1 :i*1 com+ toge!r be=e syllabic impulses1 sudd5ly "p1 caus+ a slight degree ( explosion4 ,abs5ce ( ?is =m ( /ress gives ! deliv]y a k9d ( drawl+ effect4 ,x is fur!r to be not$ t ev5 9 ^? utt]ances *>act]iz$ by o!r =ms ( /ress ?is =m yet manife/s itself on mo/ ( ! syllables4 ,aft] ! /ud5t has practic$ ! o!r =ms ( /ress1 he w bett] und]/& ?is rem>k4 ,he w h notic$ t ! o!r =ms are significant j 9 s f> z !y diff] f ?is "o1 :i* is ! normal2 &1 fur!r1 t because ! radical /ress is normal1 ! use ( o!r =ms ( /ress on a comp>atively few 7emphatic7 syllables w give a v significant color+ to a :ole p>agraph4 ,we mu/ gu>d aga9/ ov]-develop+ ?is abruptness4 ,if we d n1 our deliv]y w be v likely to become explosive1 & !n we %all create ! impression ( be+ too dogmatic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 slov5l9ess & drawl+ may be ov]come by drill+ on ?is elem5t ( expression1 & mu* vitality w !reby be imp>t$ to ! speak+4 ,all spee*1 !n1 has ?is abrupt "*4 ,x has become s famili> to u t we d n notice x except1 z x 71 9 its abs5ce1 :5 ! deliv]y becomes drawl+ or slov5ly4 ,h5ce1 we c say t radical /ress 9 its mild] =ms is n ess5tially expressive2 x is an inh]5t "p ( our vocal production4 ,x becomes expressive only 9 its /rong] =ms4 ,! /ud5t ^: deliv]y is suffici5tly vital ne$ n practice on ! mild] =m4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! =m & ! ?\ght %\ld n be sep>at$ 9 ?is practice4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d t !re are diff]5t degrees ( /ress z well z k9ds4 ,pr(essor ,raymond truly says1 8,nev] confuse ! k9d ( /ress ) ! degree40 ,to illu/rate3 ! decid$ /roke ( ! voice is he>d 91 ,come1 & trip x z ye g ,on ! light fanta/ic toe2 b a /rong attack w\ld spoil ! da9t9ess4 ,let u rememb] t a gra9 ( gunp[d] explodes z well z a ton4 ,?is admonition applies z well to o!r =ms ( /ress4 ,x has be5 urg$1 t if ! claim is true t ! complete assimilation ( ! ?\ght & feel+ w1 ?r\gh practice1 lead to adequate expression1 :y bo!r ! /ud5t ) su* drills z ^!8 ,! answ] is pla94 ,"o's temp]am5t may be ( su* a nature t he _c express a s+le s5t5ce )\t1 say1 ! greate/ insi/5cy4 ,! insi/5cy is temp]am5tal1 & x %[s 9 ev]y?+ ! speak] does4 ,by a c>eful /udy ( 8,/ress10 he is introduc$ to 8 own consci\sness1 soon recognizes 8 weakness1 & 8 deliv]y is improv$ ?r\gh improv+ 8 m5tal action4 ,if ?is is true = ! creative speak]1 ! orator1 h[ mu* m is x true ( him :o reads or recites ! words ( ano!r4 ,a few ye>s ago1 a well-kn[n m9i/] spoke ^! words3 8,y may read ! trag$ies ( ,sophocles1 & ! philosophy ( ,plato & ,ari/otle2 y may be famili> ) ! lore ( ! ,h9dus & ! ,brahm9s2 y may "k y\r ,%akespe>e1 y\r ,milton1 & y\r ,dante1 y\r ,wordswor?1 y\r ,br[n+1 & y\r ,t5nyson1 b rais+ al(t a limp-cov]$ ,bible x's all "h60 ,& he br\ght ! book d[n on ! palm ( 8 h& ) a ?wack t 0 he>d ?r\gh\t ! build+4 ,he fairly explod$ on 8all "h10 & ! congregation laugh$4 ,p>aphras$1 8 /ress said1 ,i--,i1 :o "k :at ,i am talk+ ab\t1 tell y p--d5y x if y c--x's all "h4 ,!re 0 no appeal1 no t5d]ness1 no g5tle p]suasiv5ess4 ,8 purpose ought to h be5 7to avoid argum5t1 let x be said t ! context ju/ifies ?is rem>k--he 0 appeal+ = a m c>eful & rev]5tial /udy ( ! ,bible7 to express1 ,oh1 my fri5ds1 ?is holy "w1 ?is revelation ( ,god's goodness1 conta9s all y ne$4 ,:y n take x up1 & /udy x8 ,y read all lit]atures2 w y n read ?is too8 ,! tr\ble 0 t ! prea*]1 be+ naturally ( an aggressive nature1 lo/ sight ( 8 f9al purpose1 & spoil$ :at might h be5 a v effective appeal1 by obtrud+ himself betwe5 8 illu/ration & 8 audi5ce4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to /ate t ! speak]'s att5tion 0 call$ to ?is2 & he admitt$ ! ju/ice ( ! criticism1 :ile disclaim+ all k ( :at he _h done1 & h[ he _h done x4 ,?is illu/rates ! cont5tion4 ,he _h _h no idea t he _h become s ass]tive t he virtually said1 ,i tell y s1 on e emphatic ^w4 ,a /udy ( 8,/ress0 & its psy*ology w\ld c]ta9ly h help$ him4 ,9 ,! ,orator's ,manual ! au?or sums up ?is matt] ( radical /ress ?us3 8,! radical /ress is ex]t$ on acc\nt ( a subjective 444 motive2 9 o!r words1 because a man desires *iefly to express an idea on 8 own acc\nt4444 ,9 ?is case ! s\nd bur/s =? abruptly1 z if ! man 7 consci\s ( no?+ b 8 own organs to prev5t ! accompli%m5t ( 8 object4444 ,x is us$ :5ev] "o's ma9 wi% is to express himself s z to be di/9ctly und]/ood4 ,9 its milde/ =m1 x s]ves to r5d] articulation cle> & utt]ance precise2 :5 /rong]1 x indicates bold & e>ne/ assurance1 positiv5ess1 & dictation4444 ,)\t ?is /ress1 g5tl5ess becomes an in>ticulate & timid drawl1 & vehem5ce m]e brawl+ bomba/4 ,) too frequ5t use ( x1 "o's deliv]y becomes *>act]iz$ by an appe>ance ( self-ass]tion1 assurance1 or precis5ess40 ,9 o!r words1 x is ! 8,i0 /ress4 ,( f9al /ress1 ,pr(essor ,raymond says3 8,x is ex]t$ on acc\nt ( an objective idea4 ,! s\nd is pu%$ =? gradually1 z if ! man 7 consci\s ( outside opposition1 & ( ! necessity ( press+ 8 po9t4 ,x is us$ :5ev] "o's ma9 wi% is to impress 8 ?\ghts on o!rs4 ,x gives utt]ance1 9 its weake/ =m1 to ! :9e or compla9t ( m]e peevi%ness dem&+ consid]ation2 :5 /rong] to a pu%+ e>ne/ness or det]m9ation2 9 its /ronge/ =m1 to a desire to cause o!rs to feel "o's own a/oni%m5t1 scorn1 or horror4444 ,)\t f9al /ress !re c be no repres5tation ( *ildi% weakness or ob/9acy1 or ( 444 resolution2 us$ too exclusively1 or excessively1 x causes deliv]y to be *>act]iz$ by an appe>ance ( wilfulness1 depriv+ x ( ! qualities ( p]suasion t appeal to ! sympa?ies40 ,a v little ( f9al /ress w give a decid$ color+ to ! deliv]y4 ,! /ud5t %\ld be c>eful1 !re=e1 n to ov]do x4 ,to illu/rate3 a speak] is urg+ ! coloni/s to ab&on ! idea ( w>1 claim+ t !y are weak1 & s on4 ,patrick ,h5ry rises & says1 8,sir1 we are n weak if we make a prop] use ( ^? means :i* ! ,god ( nature ha? plac$ 9 our p[]4 ,?ree millions ( p arm$ 9 ! holy cause ( lib]ty1 & 9 su* a c\ntry z t :i* we possess1 are inv9cible by any =ce :i* our enemy c s5d aga9/ u40 ,on ! ^w 8n10 ! speak] is pla9ly pu%+ aside ! argum5t ( 8 oppon5t4 ,:5 he utt]s 8lib]ty10 we note aga9 ! insi/5t idea4 ,he tells u by 8 /ress1 ,o!r revolutions may h fail$ ?r\gh lack ( numb]s1 b ! g5tleman =gets t ours w be a /ruggle = lib]ty4 ,aga91 9 8we10 8inv9cible10 & 8any10 we pla9ly disc]n ! idea ( ov]com+ opposition4 ,n[1 x mu/ be cle> t :ile x is only on ! five words italiciz$ we note ! insi/5ce1 yet ! :ole /atem5t is /rongly t+$ by x4 ,!re is a ?ird =m ( /ress commonly call$ 8,m$ian40 ,?is is a comb9ation ( ! f9al & radical1 & manife/s a comb9ation ( ! objective & subjective /ates4 ,!re are o!r comb9ations & =ms ( /ress1 b !y are r>ely he>d & ne$ n be dwelt ^u "h4 ,att5tion ne$s to be direct$ to ! fact t /ress sometimes ext5ds ?r\gh sev]al words & gives a *>act]i/ic color to an entire phrase or s5t5ce4 ,= in/ance1 we note t ! swell cont9ues f ! op5+ ^w to 8despis$10 9 ! foll[+ spee* ( ,cassio1 :o is oppos+ ,iago's plan4 ,note fur!r ! same effect on phrases italiciz$3 ,i w r sue to be despis$1 ?an to deceive s good a comm&]1 ) s slight1 s drunk51 & s indiscreet an (fic]4 ,drunk6 & speak p>rot8 & squabble8 swagg]8 swe>8 & disc\rse fu/ian ) "o's own %ad[8 ,o ?\ invisible _s ( w9e1 if ?\ ha/ no "n to be kn[n by1 let u call !e--devil6--,o!llo1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #c4 ,obs]ve h[ ! =ce increases up to 8,"l0 & dies away to ! end 9 ! foll[+3 ,o1 s+ unto ! ,"l a new song4 ,x may be well to rem>k "h t !re are c]ta9 writ]s :o hold t ! /udy ( /ress is mislead+1 or at be/ useless4 ,to ^! answ] is made t music uses ^! /resses v mu* 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y are us$ "h4 ,! attack necess>y = pure s++ or in/rum5tal tone is our radical 7normal7 /ress4 ,! 8/accato0 & 8s=z&o0 are m int5se =ms ( ?is /ress4 ,! 8cresc5do10 8dim9u5do10 & 8swell0 are respectively equival5t to 8f9al10 prolong$ 8radical10 & 8m$ian0 /resses4 ,x may be well to call att5tion to a v g5]al confusion ( ideas 9 ! use ( ! ^w 8l[40 ,x is appli$ to =ce & pit* indiscrim9ately1 to ! loss ( an important di/9ction4 ,l[ pit* is ! result ( l[ t5sion1 :ile s(t =ce is dim9i%$ m5tal en]gy4 ,high pit* may accompany s(t =ce1 & l\d =ce may be simultane\s ) l[ pit*4 ,x is because l[ pit* has g5]ally accompani$ s(t =ce t ! confusion has aris54 ,,examples ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,radical ,,/ress4 ,are y ready8 ,g6 ,c>ry--,arms4 ,pres5t--,arms4 ,"r ab\t--face4 ,halt4 ,/op1 don't take ano!r /ep4 ,give me t p5cil2 x's m9e4 ,leave ! room1 sir4 ,"o1 two1 ?ree1 fire4 ,back6 be>dless boy6 ,back6 m9ion6 ,hold/ ?\ ?us at naught ,! lesson ,i s lately taught8 ,man1 :o art ?\ :o do/ d5y my words8 ,b 9 ! gloom !y f\ght1 ) blood%ot eyes ,& labor+ brea?2 fir/ ,ru/um /ruck ! %ield ,:i* ,sohrab held /iff out2 ! /eel-spik$ spe> ,r5t ! t\gh plates1 b fail'd to rea* ! sk91 ,& ,ru/um pluck'd x back ) angry groan4 ,!n ,sohrab ) 8 sword smote ,ru/um's helm1 ,nor clove its /eel q ?r\gh2 b all ! cre/ ,he %ore away1 & t pr\d horsehair plume1 ,nev] till n[ defil$1 sank to ! du/4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,he spoke1 & ,ru/um answ]'d n1 b hurl'd ,8 spe>2 d[n f ! %\ld]1 d[n x came1 ,z on "s p>tridge 9 ! corn a hawk1 ,t long has t[]'d 9 ! airy cl\ds1 ,drops l a plummet2 ,sohrab saw x come1 ,& sprang aside1 quick z a fla%2 ! spe> ,hiss'd1 & w5t quiv]+ d[n into ! s&1 ,:i* x s5t fly+ wide2--!n ,sohrab ?rew ,9 turn1 & full /ruck ,ru/um's %ield2 %>p rang1 ,! iron plates rang %>p1 b turn'd ! spe>4 ,& ,ru/um seiz$ 8 club1 :i* none b he ,c\ld wield4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,girl6 nimble ) ?y feet1 n ) ?y h&s6 ,curl'd m9ion1 danc]1 co9] ( sweet words6 ,fight1 let me he> ?y hateful voice no m4 --,ibid4 ,?\ art n 9 ,afrasiab's g>d5 n[ ,) ,t>t> girls1 ) :om ?\ art wont to dance2 ,b on ! ,oxus s&s1 & 9 ! dance ,( battle1 & ) me1 :o make no play ,( w>2 ,i fight x out1 & h& to h&4 ,speak n to me ( truce1 & pl$ge1 & w9e6 ,rememb] all ?y valor2 try ?y fe9ts ,& cunn+6 all ! pity ,i _h is gone2 ,because ?\ ha/ %am$ me be=e bo? ! ho/s ,) ?y light skipp+ tricks1 & ?y girl's wiles4 --,ibid4 ,! armam5ts :i* ?und]/rike ! walls ( rock-built cities1 ,bidd+ nations quake1 & mon>*s tremble 9 _! capitals2 ,! oak levia?ans1 ^: huge ribs make _! clay creator ,! va9 title take ( "l ( !e1 & arbit] ( w>1-- ,^! are ?y toys2 & z ! sn[y flake !y melt into ?y yea/ ( waves1 ,:i* m> alike ! ,armada's pride1 or spoils ( ,trafalg>4 --,,byron4 ,,examples ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,f9al ,,/ress4#f ,i won't6 ,no1 sir2 ,i am n guilty4 ,away1 slight man6 ,mu/ ,i budge8 ,mu/ ,i obs]ve y8 ,i am a/oni%$1 %ock$1 to he> su* pr9ciples av[$ 9 ?is h\se4 ,,cassius4 ,ye gods6 ye gods6 ,mu/ ,i endure all ?is8 ,,brutus4 ,all ?is8 ,ay1 m4 ,,%ylock4 ,may ,i speak ) ,antonio8 ,,bassanio4 ,if x please y to d9e ) u4 ,,%ylock4 ,yes1 to smell pork2 to eat ( ! habitation :i* y\r prophet ! ,naz>ite conjur$ ! ,devil into4 ,i w buy ) y1 sell ) y1 talk ) y1 walk ) y1 & s foll[+2 b ,i w n eat ) y1 dr9k ) y1 nor pray ) y4--,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #c4 ,,sal>9o4 ,:y1 ,i am sure1 if he =feit1 ?\ wilt n take 8 fle%3 ,:at's t good =8 ,,%ylock4 ,to bait fi% )al3 if x w fe$ no?+ else1 x w fe$ my rev5ge4 ,he ha? disgrac$ me1 & h9d]'d me half a million3 laugh'd at my losses1 mock'd at my ga9s1 scorn$ my nation1 ?w>t$ my b>ga9s1 cool$ my fri5ds1 heat$ m9e enemies2 & :at's 8 reason8 ,i am a ,jew4 ,ha? n a ,jew eyes8 ha? n a ,jew h&s1 organs1 dim5sions1 s5ses1 affections1 passions8 f$ ) ! same food1 hurt ) ! same weapons1 subject to ! same diseases1 heal$ by ! same means1 w>m$ & cool$ by ! same w9t] & summ]1 z a ,*ri/ian is8 ,if y prick u1 d we n ble$8 if y tickle u1 d we n laugh8 if y poison u1 d we n die8 & if y wrong u1 %all we n rev5ge8--,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,,worce/]4 ,^? same noble ,scots1 ,t are y\r prison]s1-- ,,hotspur4 ,i'll keep !m all2 ,by heav51 he %all n h a ,scot ( !m4 ,no1 if a ,scot w\ld save 8 s\l1 he %all n4 ,i'll keep !m1 by ?is h&4 ,,worce/]4 ,y />t away1 ,& l5d no e> unto my purposes4-- ,^? prison]s y %all keep4 ,,hotspur4 ,nay1 ,i w2 t's flat4-- ,he said1 he w\ld n ransom ,mortim]2 ,=bade my tongue to speak ( ,mortim]2 ,b ,i w f9d him :5 he lies asleep1 ,& 9 8 e> ,i'll holla--,mortim]6 ,nay1 ,i'll h a />l+ %all be taught to speak ,no?+ b ,mortim]1 & give x him1 ,to keep 8 ang] /ill 9 motion4 --,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,"p ,i41 ,act i41 ,sc4 #c4 ,& n[1 g br+ y\r %>pe/ torm5ts4 ,! woes ,i see imp5d+ ov] ?is guilty realm %all be en\gh to sweet5 dea?1 ?\gh e n]ve & art]y 7 a %oot+ pang4 ,i die6 b my dea? %all prove a pr\d triumph2 &1 = e drop ( blood ye f my ve9s d draw1 y\r own %all fl[ 9 riv]s4 ,woe to !e1 ,c>?age6 ,woe to ! pr\d city ( ! wat]s6 ,i see ?y nobles wail+ at ! feet ( ,roman s5ators6 ?y citiz5s 9 t]ror6 ?y %ips 9 flames6 ,i he> ! victori\s %\ts ( ,rome6 ,i see h] eagles glitt]+ on ?y ramp>ts4 ,pr\d city1 ?\ art doom$6 ,! curse ( ,god is on !e--a cl++1 wa/+ curse4 ,x %all n leave ?y gates till hungry flames %all lick ! frett$ gold f (f ?y pr\d palaces1 & e brook runs crimson to ! sea4--,regulus to ! ,c>?ag9ians4 ,,kellogg4 ,,examples ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,m$ian ,,/ress4 ,arise1 %9e2 = ?y light is come1 & ! glory ( ! ,"l is ris5 ^u !e4 ,=1 behold1 d>kness %all cov] ! e>?1 & gross d>kness ! p3 b ! ,"l %all arise ^u !e1 & 8 glory %all be se5 ^u !e4 ,& nations %all come to ?y light1 & k+s to ! brightness ( ?y ris+4 ,lift up ?9e eyes r\nd ab\t1 & see3 !y all ga!r !mselves toge!r1 !y come to !e2 ?y sons %all come f f>1 & ?y daught]s %all be nurs$ at ?y side4 ,!n ?\ %alt see1 & be light5$1 & ?9e he>t %all tremble & be enl>g$2 because ! abundance ( ! sea %all be unto !e1 ! weal? ( ! nations %all come unto !e4--,isa4 lx4 #a-e4 ,?\ k+ly ,_s ?ron$ among ! hills1 ,?\ dread ambassador f e>? to heav51 ,great hi]>*6 tell ?\ ! sil5t sky1 ,& tell ! />s1 & tell yon ris+ sun1 ,e>?1 ) h] ?\s& voices1 praises ,god4 --,,col]idge4 ,! ,"l reigne?2 he is app>el$ ) maje/y2 ,! ,"l is app>el$1 he ha? gird$ himself ) /r5g?3 ,! _w also is /abli%$ t x _c be mov$4 ,?y ?rone is e/abli%$ ( old3 ,?\ art f ev]la/+4 ,! floods h lift$ up1 ,o ,"l4 ,! floods h lift$ up _! voice2 ,! floods lift up _! waves4 ,above ! voices ( _m wat]s1 ,! mighty break]s ( ! sea1 ,! ,"l on high is mighty4 ,?y te/imonies are v sure3 ,hol9ess become? ?9e h\se1 ,o ,"l1 = ev]more4--,ps4 xciii4 #a-e4 ,he 0 a man1 take him = all 9 all1 ,i %all n look ^u 8 l aga94 --,hamlet1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,?is 0 ! noble/ ,roman ( !m all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,8 life 0 g5tle2 & ! elem5ts ,s mix'd 9 him1 t ,nature might /& up ,& say to all ! _w1 ,?is 0 a man6 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act v41 ,sc4 #e4 ,= ev5 !n1 ,sir1 ev5 be=e ?is spl5did orb 0 entirely set1 & :ile ! we/]n horizon 0 9 a blaze ) 8 desc5d+ glory1 on ! opposite qu>t] ( ! heav5s arose ano!r lum9>y1 &1 = 8 h\r1 became "l ( ! asc5dant4444 ,& ,i did see 9 t noble p]son su* s\nd pr9ciples1 su* an enl>gem5t ( m9d1 su* cle> & sagaci\s s5se1 & su* un%ak5 =titude1 z h b\nd me1 z well z o!rs mu* bett] ?an me1 by an inviolable atta*m5t to him f t "t =w>d4444 ,i /ood ne> him2 & 8 face1 to use ! expression ( ! ,scripture ( ! fir/ m>tyr--8 face 0 z if x _h be5 ! face ( an angel4 ,i d n "k h[ o!rs feel2 b if ,i _h /ood 9 t situation1 ,i nev] w\ld h ex*ang$ x = all t k+s 9 _! pr(usion c\ld be/[4 ,i did hope t t day's dang] & honor w\ld h be5 a bond to hold u all toge!r =ev]4--,,burke4 ,o1 s+ unto ! ,"l a new song3 ,s+ unto ! ,"l1 all ! e>?4 ,s+ unto ! ,"l1 bless 8 "n2 ,%[ =? 8 salvation f day to day4 ,decl>e 8 glory among ! nations1 ,8 m>vel\s works among all peoples4 ,= great is ! ,"l1 & highly to be prais$3 ,he is to be fe>$ above all gods4 ,= all ! gods ( ! p are idols3 ,b ! ,"l made ! heav5s4 ,honor & maje/y are be=e him3 ,/r5g? & beauty are 9 8 sanctu>y4 --,ps4 xcvi41 #a-f4 ,ho6 gallant nobles ( ! ,league1 look t y\r arms be bright6 ,ho6 burgh]s ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1 keep wat* & w>d to-night6 ,= our ,god ha? cru%$ ! tyrant1 our ,god ha? rais$ ! slave1 ,& mock$ ! c\nsel ( ! wise1 & ! valor ( ! brave4 ,!n glory to 8 holy "n1 f :om all glories are2 ,& glory to our sov]eign "l1 ,k+ ,h5ry ( ,nav>re4 --,! ,battle ( ,ivry4 ,,macaulay4 ,,p$agogical ,,aspects4 ,^! aspects1 hav+ be5 dwelt ^u at "s l5g? 9 ! prec$+ discussion1 may be dismiss$ ) a few words4 ,! k ( ! psy*ology ( ,=ce & ,/ress is to s]ve z a /&>d ( criticism1 n z a f\ndation = me*anical drills4 ,!re is a s*ool ( read+ p$agogy1 ) lam5tably ext5d$ sway1 t argues1 s9ce !re are f\nd v>i\s k9ds ( /ress 9 our spee*1 !re=e we mu/ drill our pupils on ^!4 ,no?+ c\ld be f>!r f ! tru?4 ,/ress d5otes a /ate ( m9d4 ,if our philosophy ( /ress is s\nd1 x %\ld tea* u t ! m5tal /ate f9ds in/9ctive expression 9 "o =m ( /ress or ano!r1 & consequ5tly we mu/ get ! /ate be=e we c get ! /ress4 ,we might add t ?is is true ( ,"t1 ,pit*1 & ,quality1 z well z ( ,/ress4 ,d n tell a *ild to read l\d]4 ,if y d1 y w get l\dness--t awful1 grat+ s*oolboy l\dness--)\t a p>ticle ( expression 9 x4 ,_m a *ild reads well1 b is ba%ful4 ,:5 we tell him to read l\d]1 he braces himself = ! ef=t & kills ! quality1 :i* is ! f9] brea? & _s ( oral expression1 & gives u a purely physical ?+--=ce4 ,put y\r weak-voic$ read]s on ! plat=m2 let !m face ! class & talk to y1 seat$ 9 ! middle ( ! room1 & y w get all ! =ce y ne$4 ,on ! :ole1 we h too mu* =ce r ?an too little4 ,let ! tea*] le>n t we want quality1 n quantity1 & our /atem5t ( ! m5tal action beh9d =ce w be ( mu* b5efit 9 creat+ ! prop] conditions4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,9 describ+ :at is small1 delicate1 nice1 we (t5 note ! t5d5cy to use a r high key4 ,?is is no d\bt due to ! t5sion t results f unconsci\s imitation4 ,! voice is to a c]ta9 ext5t squeez$ 9 endeavor+ to express ! smallness ( ! idea1 ) ! result t ! key is rais$4 ,note h[ ! *ild's key rises :5 he asks = a 8leetle1 te5y bit40 #b ,! ris+ inflection w be he>d only on ! la/ syllable ( ?is ^w4 ,note ! discreet skip ( ! voice betwe5 ! fir/ & second syllables4 #c ,pr(4 ,w4 ,b4 ,*amb]la9 9 8 8,rhetoric ( ,vocal ,expression40 ,?is "w is n[ out ( pr9t1 b a revision & enl>gem5t ( x is publi%$ by ,scott1 ,=esman ,co41 ( ,*icago1 "u ! title 8,pr9ciples ( ,vocal ,expression & ,lit]>y ,int]pretation40 #d ,! fall+ inflection may prop]ly be giv5 on ! italicis$ words2 b ! latt] are n !re=e necess>ily to be emphasiz$4 #e ,see ,tyndall on 8,s\nd20 or ,pr(4 ,halm on ! same subject4 #f ,a few words are italiciz$ 9 ord] to draw att5tion to ! places :]e we %\ld be likely to use ?is /ress4 ,obs]ve1 too1 h[ ! /ress impresses u ) ! desire ( ! speak] to pu% away opposition4 ,,"p ,,two ,,me?od ,,( ,,in/ruction ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,m5tal ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,read] ,9 our k ( ! psy*ology ( ! elem5ts ( expression1 we h ! solution ( ! difficulties result+ f ! complexity & intangibility ( vocal expression4 ,! tea*] n[ kn[s :at to look =1 & h5ce is enabl$ to diagnose ! case4 ,!re is n[ ! second /ep to be tak5 9 ! developm5t ( ! tea*]3 he mu/ h me?od4 ,x c h>dly be claim$ t !re is any def9ite progression 9 our in/ruction4 ,9 ! prim>y grades1 ! pupils le>n ! lett]s1 _! s\nds1 & a meagre am\nt ( expression4 ,aft] t ! tea*+ is haphaz>d4 ,?is is n ! case ) ari?metic or hi/ory1 or geography2 :y %\ld x be s 9 read+8 ,! answ] is cle>4 ,= _m reasons1 n difficult to asc]ta91 ! *ild has a vague idea t read+ is simply vocal utt]ance2 t 8 "w z a read] is done :5 he has pron\nc$ ! words4 ,?is /ate ( m9d may be attribut$1 fir/1 to 8 prim>y tra9+1 &1 second1 to ! p]functor9ess ( ! read+ lesson 9 ! gramm> grades4 ,we seem to be satisfi$1 9 ! beg9n+1 if a pupil le>ns to recognize & pron\nce words4 ,?is is a s]i\s error4 ,we %\ld nev] = a mom5t =get t our purpose 9 giv+ pupils ! ability to recognize words is to enable !m to extract ! ?\ght f ! pr9t$ page4 ,h5ce1 f ! outset1 z 0 enjo9$ 9 ! ,introduction1 we %\ld lay ! lea/ possible /ress ^u ^w-gett+1 &1 contr>iwise1 all possible /ress on ?\ght-gett+4 ,if ! prim>y tea*]s %\ld succe$ 9 develop+ ! /ate ( m9d t w\ld cause ! pupils to g to ! pr9t$ page z !y g to ! feet ( "o :o has a /ory to tell1 we %\ld be will+ to ask = no?+ else ( !m z a result ( all _! tea*+4 ,b let u accept read+ z we f9d x to-day1 & let u suppose ! pupil is ab\t t5 or elev5 ye>s ( age4 ,:at is ! fir/ /ep8 ,to impress ^u him t ! pr9t$ page is a picture2 t x conta9s ideas1 sights1 s\nds2 t x takes ! place ( ! au?or1 & t he mu/ li/5 to x z to ! voice ( ! au?or4 ,?is is ! all-important factor4 ,_m ( u ?9k we are foll[+ ?is plan1 :51 9 reality1 we defeat our ends by ! way we use ! means4 ,we all[ slov5ly read+ & pass ov] ! grosse/ c>elessness2 s t1 unconsci\sly1 ! pupil =ms ! loose/ habits ( expression4 ,!n ! pupil mu/ be /imulat$ to hold ! ?\ght2 to let x hold him1 if y w4 ,?is1 too1 is a v necess>y "p ( ! tra9+4 ,! defective read+ ( prea*]s & au?ors is n due to ! fact t !y _c get ! ?\ght1 b t !y are n dwell+ ^u x 9 detail :ile read+4 ,! ?ird /age 9 ! fir/ /ep is to tra9 ! pupil s t he w nev] get up to read )\t ! consci\sness t he has some?+ to give4 ,let ! pupils1 &1 fir/ ( all1 ! tea*]1 close _! books1 & s give ! poor read] "s enc\ragem5t4 ,d n h him read to ! backs ( ! class4 ,h[ %\ld we l to address an audi5ce ( inexpressive backs8 ,! foll[+ ( ?is la/ sugge/ion w produce wond]ful results1 & quickly too4 ,b x has ano!r value3 x compels ! class to ?9k1 to foll[ ! read]1 to get ?\ght ?r\gh ! e> 7a tal5t becom+ r>] e day71 &1 above all1 x /imulates ! imag9ation4 ,summ>iz$1 ! fir/ /ep means1 ,get ! ?\ght1 hold ! ?\ght1 give ! ?\ght4 ,keep at ?is = a mon?1 if necess>y4 ,! "o object ( ?is lesson is to impress ^u ! m9d ( ! pupil t words h no mean+ unless !y /imulate ?\ght4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ne$less to add t ! tea*] %\ld be on 8 gu>d aga9/ tea*+ inflections & pauses & ! l1 z su*4 ,no o!r aim %\ld be held 9 m9d ?an t ( gett+ ! pupil to see cle>ly & to express =cibly4 ,! tea*] %\ld use con/antly su* criticism z1 8,is t ! ?\ght80 or1 8,won't y tell t to me80 ,?is me?od w soon set ! pupil to ?9k+4 ,x w gradually impress ^u him ! true function ( ! read+ lesson4 ,!re w soon disappe> t dreadful p]functor9ess s *>act]i/ic ( class-room read+4 ,h[ mu* prep>ation does ! pupil n[ give to 8 read+8 ,practically none4 ,he prep>es ^? lessons 9 :i* he gradually le>ns he c be def9itely te/$3 8 ari?metic1 spell+1 composition1 geography4 ,!n1 if he has any "t1 he may look ov] 8 read+ lesson to discov] if !re are any 8h>d0 words1 & :5 he has ma/]$ ^! he ?9ks 8 "w is done4 ,b let u rememb] t su* prep>ation is by no means adequate4 ,!re are passages 9 e lesson :i* require pati5t /udy1 ev5 ?\gh ea* ^w may be simple4 ,words 9 !mselves mean little2 x is words 9 relation t we mu/ /udy4 ,?is fir/ /ep includes all ! o!rs4 ,x may be ask$ !n1 8,:y are !re o!rs80 ,! subsequ5t *apt]s w deal ) ?is "q1 b x may be expla9$ "h t ! purpose ( ?is fir/ /ep is to create & make p]man5t ! prop] atmosph]e ( ! read+ h\r4 ,! criticisms %\ld be g5]al1 n p>ticul>1 & ! tea*] %\ld be c>eful to (f] no disc\rag+ criticism4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to /imulate ! pupil4 ,he %\ld be urg$ to get ! ?\ght1 & especially impress$ ) ! idea t ! class dep5ds ^u him = _! und]/&+ ( ! text4 ,*oose selections f all s\rces--f ! hi/ory lesson1 & f ! geography lesson4 ,let ^! selections be fairly simple1 & above all1 vital & int]e/+4 ,b>b>a ,friet*ie1 ,longfell['s ,peace-,pipe f ,hiawa?a1 & ,br[n+'s ,ride f ,gh5t to ,aix1 or ,! ,pi$ ,pip]1 & ev5 %ort] extracts ( prose or poetry1 are excell5t mat]ial4 ,give out a doz5 ( ^!1 let ea* pupil le>n "o by he>t1 & tell x1--n declaim x1--to 8 classmates4 ,let ! tea*] n worry because ?is process is sl[ & ?reat5s to leave ! "w outl9$ = a giv5 t]m incomplete4 ,x is n ! quantity b ! quality we are aft]4 ,b by ?is me?od we %all 9 "t cov] m gr\nd ?an we n[ d 9 a giv5 p]iod4 ,if we cont9ually (f] su* criticism z w impress ! pupil t ?\ght-gett+ is ev]y?+1 t read+ is b ! expression ( t ?\ght1 he w g to 8 hi/ory1 & geography1 & ari?metic lesson = ?\ght2 s t ! "t sp5t 9 ! read+ h\r is virtually j ! tra9+ = e o!r lesson4 ,f9ally1 ?is is ! true prep>ation = ! mak+ ( sight-read]s4 ,x is true1 "o %\ld be able to read bett] aft] "s prep>ation ?an he does at sight2 b ev]yone %\ld be able1 by ! "t he leaves ! public s*ool1 to read any ord9>y passage at sight )\t blund]+4 ,! m5tal attitude =m$ by ! me?od urg$ w cause ! /ud5t to approa* ! pr9t$ page w>ily1 prep>$ to deal ) its difficulties1 & w ?us produce bett] read+4 ,a ^w to ^? :o ride ! sight-read+ hobby too h>d4 ,x is only ! exp]i5c$ read] :o c read well at sight4 ,to ask an immature pupil to read at sight is to d "o ( two ?+s3 if he is timid1 x fright5s him2 if he is a poor read] x simply fa/5s ! c>eless habits ^u him1 by lead+ him to believe1 by implication1 t read+ is m]ely pronunciation4 ,9 ! upp] grades1 !re %\ld be sight-read+1 b only :]e ! previ\s tra9+ has be5 me?odical4 ,x is well to give ! class a *ance to read ov] ! selection = a few m9utes be=e ! te/ is made4 ,ea* tea*] mu/ decide = himself h[ he w develop ! =ego+ pr9ciples4 ,! foll[+ plan1 h[ev]1 repres5t+ ! actual "w ( a tea*] be=e 8 class1 w be sugge/ive3 ,we are go+ to /udy h[ to read2 & ! fir/ ?+ we mu/ "k is1 ,:at is read+8 ,n[1 be=e we answ] ?is "q1 let u try to get an answ] to ano!r3 ,:at is speak+8 ,speak+ is tell+ someone :at ,i am ?9k+ or feel+4 ,s1 if y 7 9 ! au?or's s*ool1 he c\ld tell y ! ?\ghts he has4 ,b y are n1 & s he mu/ write !m4 ,n[ we are ready to answ] ! "q1 ,:at is read+8 ,read+ is gett+ ?\ght f ! pr9t$ or writt5 page4 ,let u g a little fur!r4 ,suppose a writ] wants to say some?+ to y ?r\gh ! pr9t$ page1 :at does he d8 ,he fir/ ?9ks ov] v c>efully :at he has to say1 & !n *ooses & writes ! words t w give y 8 mean+4 ,b rememb]1 y mu/ /udy 8 words & ?9k ab\t !m z c>efully z he did :5 he wrote !m4 ,h y be5 att5tive s f>8 ,let u see4 ,c y tell me :at speak+ is8 :at read+ is8 ,if y c n1 d y n see y h n be5 pay+ att5tion8 ,gett+ ?\ght f ! pr9t$ page %\ld be j l li/5+ c>efully to speak+4 ,yes1 y mu/ be m c>eful 9 read+1 because ! au?or is n "h to expla9 ?+s to y1 or to repeat 8 words4 ,y h only ! pr9t$ words1 & if y d n li/5 v c>efully to :at !y say1 y w n und]/& him4 ,n[ let u see :e!r ?is is cle>4 ,"h is a s5t5ce2 c y see :at ,i see8 8,! next day1 :i* 0 ,saturday1 ! k+ call$ 8 g5]als & "s ( 8 fri5ds to ! royal t5t1 & told !m1 9 a quiet voice1 t at daybreak on ,tuesday he 0 go+ to return to ,london & give up ! w>40 ,n[ take y\r eyes (f ! blackbo>d & tell u all y saw1 & tell x 9 j ! ord] ! pictures occur on ! bo>d4 ,if y miss any /eps1 y mu/ read aga9 & aga9 until y see ! :ole ?\ght s cle>ly t x seems real2 !n ,i am sure y w be able to tell x correctly4 ,y ne$ n use my words2 j use y\r own language4 ,n[ y are ready to take ! next /ep4 ,read ! s5t5ce to ! class s t y make !m see j :at y see4 ,be sure y nev] =get ?is4 ,y mu/ rememb] t unless y try to make !m see ! pictures y h 9 m9d1 !y w be v likely n to und]/& y4 ,n[1 :at h we be5 do+8 ,fir/1 we /udi$ ! mean+ ( ! words2 second1 we got sev]al pictures2 & ?ird1 we tri$ to give ^? pictures to o!rs4 ,s we see !re are two k9ds ( read+3 ! fir/ = ourselves1 ! second = o!rs4 ,! fir/ k9d mu/ always g be=e ! second3 = if we h no?+ 9 our m9d to tell1 h[ c we give x to o!rs8 ,let u rememb] !n1 t read+ = o!rs is j l talk+ to !m1 & unless we get f ! page j ! ?\ght ! writ] _h 9 m9d we _c give t ?\ght to ano!r4 ,sometimes x is n easy to get ?is ?\ght2 b if y w /udy c>efully1 x w become cle>] & cle>]1 until at la/ x is j z easy to und]/& z if x _h be5 y\r own4 ,i want to give y a %ort drill1 & !n our fir/ lesson w be ov]4 8,9 ! summ] ! grass is gre51 b x turns br[n 9 ! fall40 ,c y imag9e h[ gre5 grass looks8 h[ br[n grass looks8 ,d y notice t fall is ! "t :5 grass is br[n8 ,aga91 8,he 0 a v tall man1 ) light1 curly hair1 tann$ sk9 & blue eyes4 ,8 %\ld]s 7 /oop$ l ^? ( a f>m] or ( "o :o has be5 digg+ 9 ! m9es40 ,close y\r eyes & !n call up ! picture ( ?is man4 ,d y see him z a real man8 ,n[ read ?is s5t5ce al\d s t y\r classmates may get ! same picture t y h4 ,^! are ! ?ree ?+s we h le>n$ 9 our fir/ lesson1 & !y are v1 v important3 ,we mu/ get ! ?\ght2 we mu/ hold ! ?\ght2 & we mu/ give ! ?\ght4 ,?is is read+ al\d4 ,rememb]1 ,i want y to be gett+ ^! pictures f ev]y?+ y read2 f y\r geography lesson1 y\r hi/ory lesson1 & ev5 y\r ari?metic lesson4 ,i am sure y w get ^! lessons bett] ?an y ev] did be=e4 ,"h are "s int]e/+ /ories & p>ts ( /ories :i* y mu/ tell to ! class4 ,be sure y und]/& !m1 & !n tell !m s t y\r classmates w und]/& !m too4 #g,keep busy6 'tis bett] ?an /&+ aside ,& dream+1 & sigh+1 & wait+ ! tide4 ,9 life's e>ne/ battle1 !y only prevail ,:o daily m>* onw>d1 & nev] say fail4 ,!re's a rogue at play 9 my sunlit room1 ,& sc>cely he re/s f fun2 ,floor1 w9d[1 %elf1 or closet's gloom ,all are to him z "o4 ,he op5s ! books & peeps )91 ,! pap] turns inside out1 ,snat*es my ?read1 & ?9ks no s9 ,to ?r[ my "w ab\t4 ,he clut*es ! curta9s & :isks !m d[n1 ,!n pulls at ! picture cords1 ,tosses my hair 9 ! way ( 8 own1 ,nor he$s my coax+ words4 ,i wond] if "o s glad & "y ,w ev] be prim & old8 ,he answ]s n1 = he has no tongue-- ,yet tells sweet tales z are told4 ,he climbs ! walls1 yet has no feet2 ,no w+s1 b flies ! same2 ,no h&s1 no head1 b brea? s sweet-- ,= ,we/ ,w9d is 8 "n4 ,9 clos+ ?is *apt]1 x %\ld be rem>k$ t ! "t to be sp5t on ?is & subsequ5t /eps dep5ds ^u ! circum/ances4 ,9 ! l[] grades m "t w be necess>y ?an 9 ! upp]4 ,if ! tea*] ( ! eigh? grade 7! highe/7 wi%es to devote "s "t to tea*+ read+1 he %\ld make a c>eful /udy ( ! ne$s ( ! class1 & !n use su* ( ! /eps1 & 9 su* ord]1 z are mo/ likely to meet ^? ne$s4 ,9 ! l[] classes x is sugge/$ t ! tea*] foll[ 9 a g5]al way ! plan set =? 9 ?is book4 ,ab\t "o /ep a mon? is all t a pupil c grasp4 ,aft] he has ! pr9ciple1 let ! tea*] take up ! regul> read+ lesson1 lay+ special /ress ^u ! pr9ciples already cov]$4 #h;,x is believ$ t ! read+ lessons conta9$ 9 ?is s]ies are ! fir/ attempt to pres5t 9 an ord]ly & philosophic mann] ! difficulties ! pupils h 9 le>n+ to read4 ,!re is v little d\bt t ! read+ lesson h>dly pays = ! "t sp5t ^u x4 ,all au?orities are agre$ t1 except 9 r>e cases1 pupils d n read any bett] at ! end ( ! s*ool ye> ?an !y d at ! beg9n+1 except t !y may pron\nce ) a little m facility or are possess$ ( a some:at wid] vocabul>y4 ,9 _m class rooms1 read+ becomes a lesson 9 composition1 spell+1 def9ition1 & ! l4 ,! me?od 9 vogue 9 c]ta9 di/ricts ( tell+ pupils ab\t ,inflections1 & ,"t1 & ,k9ds ( ,emphasis1 is c]ta9ly faulty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 v little m progress has be5 made by ^? :o1 9 a v g5]al & vague mann]1 tell ! pupil to get ! ?\ght4 ,z a result ( ! me?ods h]et(ore 9 use1 x has be5 f\nd impossible = ! tea*] 9 any giv5 grade to det]m9e h[ mu* real k ( read+ a pupil has :o has j be5 promot$ f a l[] grade4 ,9 ! lessons "h pres5t$1 x is impress$ ^u ! pupil n only t he mu/ get ! ?\ght1 b he is %[n h[ to get x4 ,! v>i\s difficulties ( read+ are pres5t$ "o at a "t1 & fur!r1 are s grad$ t ! lea/ difficult %all prec$e ! m complex4 ,x is well kn[n t ! read+ lesson1 z a read+ lesson1 gets little or no prep>ation by ! pupils4 ,by ! me?od "h laid d[n c>eful prep>ation is a necessity2 & ! lesson :i*1 z a rule1 is v ill prep>$1 may n[ be /udi$ at home ) a v def9ite object 9 view1 & m important /ill1 ! pupil c be held responsible = def9ite results4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! "y pupil kn[s no?+ ( inflections1 emphasis1 etc41 & c>es /ill less ab\t !m4 ,:ile ! tea*] may be ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! :ole range ( vocal te*nique 9 read+1 he %\ld try to avoid ! use ( te*nical t]ms ) ! pupils1 especially ) ! y\ng] ones4 ,?is is ! v ess5ce ( ! pres5t me?od1 :i* is bas$ ^u a well-e/abli%$ psy*ological law3 ,if ! ?\ght is "r1 ! expression w be "r4 ,talk+ to pupils ab\t te*nique1 only confuses !m & 9 _m cases results 9 gross affectations4 ,! m9d is tak5 f ! ?\ght to ! =m ( its expression4 ,we mu/ rememb] t %yness1 & o!r =ms ( self-consci\sness 7:i* s (t5 m> ! read+7 are really b signs t ! pupil's m5tal action is awry4 ,! read+ may be m quickly & m p]man5tly improv$ by eradicat+ ! self-consci\sness ?an by resort+ to te*nical drills4 ,make ! pupil want to read1 & ! *ances are /rongly 9 favor ( 8 los+ self-consci\sness4 ,:ile x is n possible 9 ! space allott$ ! au?or ( ^! articles to give ! fulle/ possible in/ruction1 yet ^! lessons w s]ve a def9ite purpose by pres5t+ to ! pupils1 9 a rational ord]1 ! v>i\s difficulties ev]yone has to ov]come 9 le>n+ to read4 ,!re may be c]ta9 phases ( te*nique t a tea*] may miss 9 ?is s]ies ( lessons1 b x is c]ta91 t if !y are c>efully taught1 ! pupils w improve n only along ! p>ticul> l9e laid d[n 9 ea* lesson1 b along ! :ole l9e ( read+ 9 g5]al4 ,?is me?od is introduc$ 9 ! hope t ! measure ( a pupil's progress w n be gaug$ by ! numb] ( selections he reads 9 a giv5 p]iod4 ,x is bett] to prep>e c>efully & philosophically six or eight lessons 9 "o-half ( ! s*ool ye>1 ?an to endeavor to cov] ?ree times z _m 9 ! usual hurri$ fa%ion4 ,! tea*] may be sure t :5 ! fir/ six or eight lessons are ?us c>efully prep>$1 ! progress !reaft] w be m rapid4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! pupil :o w sp5d two ye>s 9 ?is grad$ "w w be able to read any ord9>y selection ) ease1 & ) pleasure to ! li/5]4 ,x is urg$ 7#a7 t ! tea*] use additional examples "u ea* new pr9ciple1 9 ord] t ! pupil may h ! pr9ciple impress$ ^u him by select+ new examples = himself & by read+ !m al\d 9 class2 7#b7 t ! same lesson be repeat$ z _m times1 ) ! same or new illu/rations1 z may be necess>y to assure ! tea*] t ! class has ?or\ghly grasp$ ! _s ( ! lesson2 & 7#c7 t ! tea*] insi/ ^u mo/ c>eful & adequate prep>ation4 ,s1 & s only1 c we hope to tea* read+4 ,! ma9 objects ( ! fir/ lessons are two4 ,fir/2 to develop :at may be t]m$ ! logical side ( read+2 9 o!r words1 ! intellectual side4 ,! greate/ /ress %\ld be laid on gett+ ! s5se1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 ! basis ( all read+4 ,! emotional side ne$ n be altoge!r neglect$1 b %\ld be always subsidi>y to ! intellectual4 ,if ! tea*] succe$ 9 gett+ ! expression vital1 no?+ m %\ld be expect$4 ,to get ! s5se & to express x ) e>ne/ness is ! fir/ /ep4 ,second2 ! tea*] is urg$ n to foll[ me*anically ! ord] ( ! g5]al read+ lessons4 ,if ,lesson ,,xx (f] a bett] opportunity ?an1 let u say1 ,lesson ,x = illu/rat+ ! pr9ciple laid d[n 9 any ( ! special lessons1 ! =m] %\ld be us$1 no matt] :at ! prec$+ g5]al lesson may h be54 ,! tea*] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! p$agogical possibilities ( all ! g5]al lessons1 & %\ld use su*1 irrespective ( _! place 9 ! book1 z are be/ adapt$ at ! mom5t to assi/ ! pupils 9 ma/]+ ! pr9ciple 9 any giv5 special read+ lesson4 ,i h f\nd mu* good 9 keep+ a little note book on ! foll[+ plan3 ,i give a page to ea* ( ! /eps1 & e example ,i come across1 no matt] 9 :at book--hi/ory1 geography1 read]--is not$4 ,?us3 ,,examples ,,( ,,contra/4 ,book4 ,page4 ,p>agraph4 ----'s ,hi/ory1 #bej #c ----'s 8 #aji #a ,read] 7#c7 #hg #h ,9 ?is way1 ! tea*] has always pl5ty ( illu/rative matt] on h&4 ,:ile n 9 entire sympa?y ) ! me?od t compels tea*]s to cov] a c]ta9 numb] ( read+ lessons 9 a giv5 "t1 yet ,i am s5sible t x w\ld be useless to attempt to *ange all ?is at once4 ,recogniz+ ! futility ( su* an ef=t1 ,i advise ! tea*] to con=m to ?is arbitr>y & unsci5tific me?od until ! community is educat$ to ! new] me?od4 ,! be/ results may be obta9$1 "u ! circum/ances1 by foll[+ "s su* plan z ?is3 ,beg9 ) ! fir/ special lesson z soon z possible4 ,!n1 hav+ dwelt on t z long z necess>y1 pass to ! regul> read+ lessons1 be>+ 9 m9d t until ! second special lesson1 ! pr9ciple ( ! fir/ %\ld be con/antly reit]at$4 ,= ! entire "t 7say a mon?7 betwe5 ! fir/ & second special lessons let ! tea*] rev]t to ! =m] aga9 & aga94 ,let ! corrections be made ov] & ov] by ask+ su* que/ions z1 8,is t ! way y w\ld say x if y 7 talk+80 or1 8,y are n try+ to make u see ! picture10 & s on4 ,aft] ! second special lesson has be5 tak5 up 9 class1 & be=e ! ?ird1 ! endeavor ( a tea*] %\ld be to en=ce ! pr9ciples ( ! fir/ two lessons4 ,?is plan %\ld be kept up until ! la/ lesson has be5 taught4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gr\p+ ,if ! "w ( ! fir/ /ep has be5 c>efully done1 ! transition to ! second /ep w pres5t few difficulties4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! pupil has be5 gr\p+ unconsci\sly1 b 9 a way m or less unc]ta94 ,! purpose ( ! next /ep is to fix firmly ! habit ( gr\p+4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! pupil pron\nces z _m words 9 "o gr\p z 8 eye c take 9 & 8 voice utt]2 consequ5tly1 8 read+ is *oppy & (t5 mean+less4 ,at ! outset c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! *oice ( extracts4 ,any extract w n d4 ,simple passages1 ) simple ideas1 are ne$$4 ,avoid complex1 involv$1 inv]t$ rhetoric4 ,lat] on1 :5 prop] habits h be5 =m$1 ! difficulties may be increas$2 b we %all meet only ) disc\ragem5t if we introduce !m too soon4 ,! foll[+ is j difficult en\gh to br+ out ! ef=ts ( an ord9>y *ild ( t5 or elev53 ,once ^u a "t !re liv$ a v ri* man1 & a k+ besides1 ^: "n 0 ,midas2 & he _h a little daught]1 :om nobody b myself ev] he>d (1 & ^: "n ,i ei!r nev] knew1 or h entirely =gott54 ,s1 because ,i love odd names = little girls1 ,i *oose to call h] ,m>ygold4--,! ,gold5 ,t\*4 ,,haw?orne4 ,! tea*] %\ld use a great _m isolat$ extracts4 ,^! may n be s int]e/+ z entire selections1 b if *os5 c>efully & read ) a def9ite object1 x is surpris+ h[ !y hold ! att5tion ( ! class4 ,x may also be possible to f9d %ort /ories to supplem5t ! extracts4 ,_m good extracts may be f\nd 9 ! read] or ev5 9 "s ( ! o!r books ! *ildr5 are us+4 ,! reason = urg+ ?is plan is t few read+ books pres5t ! difficulties ( read+1 9 a rational1 grad$ mann]4 ,any selection may conta9 ! simple/ problem & ! mo/ difficult 9 "o p>agraph4 ,! pupil mu/ be tra9$ to get 8 ideas f ! pr9t$ page 9 gr\ps1 & su* tra9+ c surely be ga9$ bett] by us+ c>efully select$ passages ?an by ! pres5t aimless w&]+ among a labyr9? ( words4 ,x is admitt$ t a good tea*] ( read+ may be able to get along )\t call+ ! att5tion ( ! class to gr\p+ z a def9ite /ep2 b he mu/ c]ta9ly h t /ep 9 m9d z "p ( ! developm5t ( a read]4 ,9 ?is lesson we beg9 ex]cises 9 :at might be call$ 8m5tal te*nique40 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ^! lessons are plann$ ) ! object ( pres5t+ "o elem5t at a "t1 & ! pupil mu/ n be expect$ to read well :]e he has _h no previ\s drill4 ,9 ?is lesson1 !re=e1 ! pupil %\ld be held responsible = :at he has le>n$ 9 ! fir/ & second lessons only4 ,x mu/ fur!r be rememb]$ t all corrections %\ld be made by putt+ su* que/ions z1 8,is t ! :ole picture80 or1 8,h y n giv5 u m ?an "o picture80 ,nev] tell a pupil to make a pause "h or a pause !re1 or to read fa/] or m sl[ly4 ,su* corrections are useless4 ,we mu/ le>n to rely ^u ! ?9k+ to gov]n ! rate ( spe$1 or ! l5g? & frequ5cy ( ! pauses4 ,x might be well to be> 9 m9d t 9 colloquial spee* pauses are less frequ5t4 ,9 o!r words1 ! gr\ps are long]4 ,z a result ( su* tra9+ z ! pupil gets 9 ?is lesson we %all note t he w le>n to look ahead1 & s rid himself ( ! too g5]al t5d5cy to utt] words z soon z he sees !m1 reg>dless ( ! s5se4 ,! process ( recogniz+ words & pron\nc+ !m simultane\sly is att5d$ ) no small am\nt ( dang]4 ,x begets a fatal facility 9 read+ t is a positive detrim5t to ! pupil4 ,!re are ?\s&s :o read glibly & yet are utt]ly ignorant ( ! mean+ ( :at !y read4 ,to prev5t ! =mation ( su* a habit or to break x up :]e x already exi/s1 !re is no bett] plan ?an t h]e9 advocat$ = ! /udy ( gr\p+4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! me?od ( tell+ a pupil 8to pause be=e a relative pron\n1 inv]t$ adjectives1 prepositional phrases10 & ! l1 is virtually useless4 ,! ?\ght1 & n ! grammatical con/ruction1 det]m9es ! pause4 ,ano!r sugge/ive lesson = ! tea*+ ( gr\p+ is (f]$3 ,y rememb] t 9 our la/ lesson we le>n$ t we mu/ fir/ get ! ?\ght be=e we c\ld read4 ,n[ we are to /udy h[ to get ! ?\ght4 ,did y ev] notice h[ y ?9k8 ,if y he> ! ^w 8,c>10 :at d y ?9k (8 ,"s1 ( a horse c>1 "s1 ( an electric c>1 & "s1 ( a /eam c>4 ,s y see ! ^w 8,c>0 by itself does n give u a v cle> picture4 ,! words1 8,i saw10 d n mean v mu* ei!r4 ,= unless we "k :at y saw we get no?+ to ?9k ab\t4 ,! two words 89 a0 d n mean mu*1 & by ?is "t y "k :y4 ,let u put all ^! words toge!r & add a ^w or two3 8,i saw a man 9 a /eam c>40 ,n[ we h a cle> picture4 ,:at d we le>n f ?is8 ,we le>n t a s+le ^w does n give u a cle> picture1 & t x takes ?ree1 & f\r1 & sometimes _m words1 to give u a picture4 ,we c ?9k 8,i saw a man0 or 89 a /eam c>10 b we get a complete ?\ght only :5 we put ^! two gr\ps ( words toge!r4 ,we notice also t :ile x takes j a mom5t to see a picture1 x (t5 takes _m words to describe x4 ,:at we h done is call$ gr\p+2 t is1 read+ sev]al words toge!r j z we read ! syllables ( a ^w4 ,let u try "s examples4 8,*>les gave a sl$ to 8 bro!r40 ,"h !re are two gr\ps3 ,"o end+ at 8sl$10 ! o!r1 at 8bro!r40 8,i w5t to ,k+ ,/reet ) my si/] to buy a new hat40 ,"h we h ?ree gr\ps4 ,c y pick !m out8 ,! la/ ?+ we are to le>n 9 ?is lesson is t e gr\p ( words has a picture 9 x1 & t we mu/ n read al\d any ^w until we h got ! ?\ght or ! picture 9 ! gr\p4 ,pick out ! gr\ps 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 & !n read al\d1 b be sure y pay att5tion to ! picture 9 ea* gr\p3 8,:5-our-s*ool-closes =-!-summ]-vacation1 "s-(-u-g-to-!-c\ntry1 o!rs-g-to-!-lakes1 "s-g-to-!-m\nta9s1 &-_m /ay-9-!-city40 ,= to-morr['s lesson#i ,i want y to br+ 9 ! gr\ps 9 ! foll[+ examples1 putt+ hyph5s betwe5 ! words ( ea* gr\p1 j z we did 9 ! s5t5ce ab\t ! summ] vacation4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,succession ,,( ,,ideas ,! next /ep is b a v %ort "o 9 advance ( ! second1 & yet "o ( exce$+ importance4 ,x deals ) ! succession ( ideas4 ,e long s5t5ce is made up ( small phrases m or less intimately connect$4 ,! inflection d5otes ?is connection4 ,if sev]al phrases po9t =w>d to a ?\ght fur!r on1 ! end ( ea* ( ^! w be m>k$ by a ris+ inflection2 if any "o ( ! phrases be ( suffici5t importance to dem& p>ticul> emphasis1 its end w be m>k$ by ! fall+ inflection4 ,z 0 said 9 ,*apt] ,,ii1 ! read+ ( a long s5t5ce pres5ts great difficulties = ! *ild4 ,he loses himself 9 ! maze ( words1 & 8 m5tal condition is cle>ly %[n 9 8 melody1 :i* drifts ab\t "h & !re1 l a rudd]less %ip4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is /ep to tra9 him 9 ! developm5t ( 8 p[]s ( cont9u\s ?9k+2 to enable him to keep 9 m9d ! ma9 idea1 no matt] h[ num]\s ! details4 ,?is /ep & t deal+ ) subord9ate ideas h mu* ! same object 9 view4 ,! foll[+ exc]pt f ! ,introduction to ,! ,song ( ,hiawa?a is a good illu/ration ( a s5t5ce 9 :i* ! s5se is susp5d$ ?r\gh _m l9es3 ,ye1 :o sometimes1 9 y\r rambles ,?r\gh ! gre5 lanes ( ! c\ntry1 ,:]e ! tangl$ b>b]ry-bu%es ,hang _! tufts ( crimson b]ries ,ov] /one walls gray ) mosses1 ,pause by "s neglect$ gravey>d1 ,= a :ile to muse1 & pond] ,on a half-effac$ inscription1 ,writt5 ) little skill ( song-craft1 ,homely phrases1 b ea* lett] ,full ( hope & yet ( he>t-break1 ,full ( all ! t5d] pa?os ,( ! ,"h & ! ,h]eaft]2-- ,/ay & read ?is rude inscription1 ,read ?is ,song ( ,hiawa?a6 ,x is 9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+ t ! pupil is likely to fail4 ,speak+ ( ra91 ! poet says3 ,h[ x clatt]s along ! ro(s1 ,l ! tramp ( ho(s6 ,h[ x gu%es & /ruggles out ,f ! ?roat ( ! ov]fl[+ sp\t6 ,!re may be "s ju/ification = ! fall+ inflection on 8ro(s02 !re c be no d\bt t ! same inflection w\ld be incorrect on 8out40 ,& yet1 ! v /ructure ( ! v]se w\ld be likely to cause ! c>eless read] to read x ) t v inflection4 ,?is is a typical case1 &1 if ?is po9t has be5 made cle>1 "o t %\ld be v helpful to ! tea*]4 ,! foll[+ passage1 f ! same poem1 af=ds ano!r ex]cise 9 succession ( ideas3 ,9 ! c\ntry1 on e side1 ,:]e f> & wide1 ,l a leop>d's tawny & spott$ hide1 ,/ret*es ! pla91 ,to ! dry grass & ! dri] gra9 ,h[ welcome is ! ra96 ,let u obs]ve t ! pla9 does n /ret* to ! dry grass4 ,!re w be a fall+ inflection on 8pla910 & a ris+ on 8gra940 ,! pause has no?+ to d ) succession ( ideas4 ,x w\ld make little diff]5ce h[ long ! pause aft] 8pla90 if x 7 read ) a ris+ inflection4 ,?is pr9ciple mu/ nev] be lo/ sight (4 ,pupils :o %\ld "k bett] frequ5tly make mi/akes ( ! k9d we h be5 discuss+1 9 read+ ! foll[+ passage3 ,9 ! furr[$ l& ,! toilsome & pati5t ox5 /&2 ,lift+ ! yoke-encumb]$ head1 ,) _! dilat$ no/rils spread1 ,!y sil5tly inhale ,! clov]-sc5t$ gale1 ,& ! vapors t arise ,f ! well-wat]$ & smok+ soil4 ,= ?is re/ 9 ! furr[ aft] toil ,_! l>ge & lu/r\s eyes ,seem to ?ank ! ,"l1 ,m ?an man's spok5 ^w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ne> at h&1 ,f "u ! %elt]+ trees1 ,! f>m] sees ,8 pa/ures1 & 8 fields ( gra94 ,z !y b5d _! tops ,to ! numb]less beat+ drops ,( ! incessant ra94 ,! foll[+ extracts f ,gulliv]'s ,travels are )9 ! compreh5sion ( fairly "y *ildr51 & w af=d good practice3 #a4 ,! empire ( ,blefuscu is an isl& situat$ to ! nor!a/ ( ,lilliput1 f :i* x is p>t$ only by a *annel eight hundr$ y>ds wide4 #b4 ,i _h n yet se5 x1 &1 ^u ?is notice ( a int5d$ invasion1 ,i avoid$ appe>+ on t side ( ! coa/1 = fe> ( be+ discov]$ by "s ( ! enemy's %ips1 :o _h receiv$ no intellig5ce ( me2 all int]c\rse betwe5 ! two empires hav+ be5 /rictly =bidd5 dur+ ! w>1 ^u pa9 ( dea?1 & an emb>go laid by our emp]or ^u all vessels :atsoev]4 #c4 ,i walk$ t[>d ! nor!a/ coa/1 ov] aga9/ ,blefuscu1 :]e1 ly+ d[n beh9d a hillock1 ,i took out my small p]spective glass & view$ ! enemy's fleet at an*or1 consi/+ ( ab\t fifty m5-(-w> & a great numb] ( transports4 ,i !n came back to my h\se1 & gave ord]s 7= :i* ,i _h a w>rant7 = a great quantity ( ! /ronge/ cable & b>s ( iron4 ,! cable 0 ab\t z ?ick z pack-?read1 & ! b>s ( ! l5g? & size ( a knitt+-ne$le4 #d4 ,i trebl$ ! cable to make x /rong]1 & = ! same reason ,i twi/$ ?ree ( ! iron b>s toge!r1 b5d+ ! extremities into a hook4 ,hav+ ?us fix$ fifty hooks to z _m cables1 ,i w5t back to ! nor!a/ coa/1 & putt+ (f my coat1 %oes & /ock+s1 walk$ into ! sea 9 my lea!rn j]k91 ab\t half an h\r be=e high wat]4 ,i wad$ ) :at ha/e ,i c\ld1 & swam 9 ! middle ab\t ?irty y>ds1 till ,i felt gr\nd4 #e4 ,:5 ,i _h got out ( dang]1 ,i /opp$ a:ile to pick out ! arr[s t /uck 9 my h&s & face1 & rubb$ on "s ( ! same o9tm5t t 0 giv5 me at my fir/ arrival1 z ,i h =m]ly m5tion$4 ,i !n took (f my spectacles1 &1 wait+ ab\t an h\r1 till ! tide 0 a little fall51 ,i wad$ ?r\gh ! middle ) my c>go1 & arriv$ safe at ! royal port ( ,lilliput4 #f4 ,! emp]or & 8 :ole c\rt /ood on ! %ore1 expect+ ! issue ( ?is great adv5ture4 ,!y saw ! %ips move =w>d 9 a l>ge half-moon1 b c\ld n disc]n me1 :o 0 up to my brea/ 9 wat]4 ,:5 ,i advanc$ to ! middle ( ! *annel1 !y 7 yet m 9 pa91 because ,i 0 "u wat] to my neck4 ,! emp]or conclud$ me to be dr[n$1 & t ! enemy's fleet 0 approa*+ 9 a ho/ile mann]4 #g4 ,b he 0 soon eas$ ( 8 fe>s2 =1 ! *annel gr[+ %all[] e /ep ,i made1 ,i came 9 a %ort "t )9 he>+1 &1 hold+ up ! end ( ! cable by :i* ! fleet 0 fa/5$1 ,i cri$ 9 a l\d voice1 8,long live ! mo/ puissant ,k+ ( ,lilliput60 ,?is great pr9ce receiv$ me at my l&+ ) all possible encomiums1 & creat$ me a n>dac ^u ! spot1 :i* is ! highe/ title ( honor among !m4 ,x ne$ h>dly be not$ t !re are _m examples ( mom5t>y complet5ess 9 ! prec$+ passages2 z1 = in/ance3 8,lilliput10 9 p>agraph "o4 8,%ips10 9 p>agraph two4 8,an*or10 9 p>agraph ?ree4 8,arrival10 9 p>agraph five4 8,me10 8pa910 9 p>agraph six4 8,spot10 9 p>agraph sev54 ,x w be se5 t ! purpose ( ?is /ep is to draw ! pupil's att5tion to two possibilities 9 e s5t5ce3 ,does ! phrase po9t =w>d1 or is x mom5t>ily complete8 ,great c>e mu/ be obs]v$ n to confuse him ) /atem5ts reg>d+ inflections4 ,mom5t>y complet5ess has be5 s fully discuss$ 9 a prec$+ *apt] t x ne$ n be dwelt ^u fur!r4 ,! foll[+ lesson-talk may be helpful = ! tea*]3 ,read to y\rself ?is little s5t5ce3 8,rob]t has a slate40 ,is t a complete picture8 ,y see t x is4 ,n[ read ?is s5t5ce3 8,rob]t has a slate & a p5cil40 ,"h y note t ,rob]t has two ?+s1 s ! s5t5ce is n complete :5 we come to ! ^w 8slate40 ,al?\gh we h a cle> picture1 yet we h n ! :ole picture4 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce !re 0 a p]iod aft] 8slate10 b 9 ! second s5t5ce !re 0 none1 & because !re wasn't1 we kept on read+ & f\nd !re 0 ano!r gr\p ( words giv+ u ! picture ( some?+ else ,rob]t _h4 ,n[ ?is tea*es u t if we want to read j z we speak1 we mu/ be c>eful to get n only "o picture or two1 b all ! pictures 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,let me %[ y h[ we (t5 make mi/akes 9 our read+ because we don't pay att5tion to :at ,i h j %[n y4 ,suppose we h ?is s5t5ce3 8,i saw a cat1 & a m\se1 & a rat40 ,n[1 "s pupils are c>eless & !y read1 8,i saw a cat10 j z if t 7 ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,!n !y look a little fur!r & see ! next gr\p1 8& a m\se10 & !y read t4 ,!n !y see ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 8& a rat10 & !y read t4 ,b we "k t is n ! way to read4 ,we mu/ fir/ read ! :ole s5t5ce sil5tly until we get ! picture 9 ea* gr\p1 & !n we %all be sure to read ! s5t5ce j z "o ( u w\ld speak x if he really saw ! cat1 ! rat1 & ! m\se1 at ! same "t4 ,"h is a v good example = y to /udy4 ,read x ?r\gh sl[ly & c>efully1 & d n try to read x al\d until y see cle>ly ! picture 9 ea* gr\p4 ,if y d z ,i ask1 y w get a complete picture ( ! way 9 :i* ! "y soldi] prep>es to g out to battle3 ,b :5 ! gray dawn /ole into 8 t5t1 ,he rose1 & clad himself1 & girt 8 sword1 ,& took 8 horseman's cloak1 & left 8 t5t4 ,c y n see ! "y w>rior ris+ f 8 c\*1 dress+ himself1 gird+ on 8 sword1 & s =?8 ,if y c1 !n ,i am sure y w be able to make o!rs see x z a complete picture1 )\t break+ x up into _m little pieces1 j z we us$ to d 9 ! fir/ book4 ,y see1 he did n rise & /op2 & !n dress himself & /op2 & gird 8 sword & /op2 b "o action foll[$ ! o!r1 j z ea* c> 9 a long1 mov+ tra91 foll[s ano!r4 ,ea* c> is l a gr\p ( words1 & ! :ole tra9 is l ! complete s5t5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,c5tral ,,idea ,a little reflection mu/ make x manife/ t e s5t5ce1 or ev5 phrase1 has a c5tral idea4 ,:5 ?is idea is br\ght out 9 vocal expression x is by means ( "s =m ( emphasis1 su* z inflection or =ce or "t1 & s =?4 ,! exact =m ( ! manife/ation ne$ n conc]n u "h4 ,n[ t ! pupils h be5 tra9$ to look = ! ?\ght1 ! av]age s5t5ce w take c>e ( itself z f> z ! lead+ idea is conc]n$2 b x mu/ be admitt$ t 9 ! s5t5ce ( m ?an av]age difficulty we f9d mu* obscure & m faulty read+1 due1 no d\bt1 to ignorance ( ! c5tral idea4 ,x is p]haps n wise 9 all cases to tea* ?is /ep1 z a /ep1 to pupils "u elev5 ye>s2 b :5 x is taught1 great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to keep ! class f =m+ ! habit ( p\nd+ out e important ^w4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! att5tion ( tea*]s %\ld be direct$ to ! great importance ( su* /udies z are includ$ 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,fur!rmore1 !re c be no d\bt t ! /ep may be und]tak5 9 ! high] grades & 9 high s*ools to great advantage4 ,p]haps !re is no m sev]e te/ ( ! /ud5t's appreh5sion ( ! mean+ ?an 8 emphasis--us+ t t]m 9 its broade/ s5se4 ,det]m9+ ! c5tral idea is ess5tially a logical process2 ! /ud5t weighs & det]m9es ! value ( e ^w1 & by a process ( elim9ation f9ally fixes ^u ! exact ?\ght to be convey$4 ,rules = emphasis s commonly giv5 are1 comp>atively1 ( little value4 ,if ! /ud5t has ! ?\ght1 8 emphasis may be tru/$ to take c>e ( itself2 :]e he has n1 ! rules are confus+ & mislead+4 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,ayres says faceti\sly1 b truly1 8,!re is only "o rule = emphasis--,gumption40 ,x is und]/ood t emphasis has a mu* wid] mean+ ?an t ( m]ely mak+ a ^w /& out di/9ctly by means ( =ce2 x includes any mann] ( mak+ a ?\ght prom95t4 ,:at we are "h /udy+ is simply t =m ( emphasis :i* is manife/$ by inflection or =ce1 or bo?4 ,! c5tral idea 9 colloquial utt]ance is g5]ally made significant ?r\gh =ce2 b by f> ! mo/ sugge/ive me?od1 :5 occasion requires1 is ?r\gh inflection4 ,( c\rse1 ^! two are v (t5 comb9$ 9 v>i\s proportions4 ,9 ! foll[+ illu/rations1 two classes ( examples w be notic$4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! c5tral ideas are indicat$ by means ( italics & capitals4 ,x is n claim$ t "s o!r int]pretation might n be possible2 b t sugge/$ is at lea/ ju/ifiable4 ,! tea*] w /udy ^! examples c>efully ) ! object ( det]m9+ ! reason = ! m>k+4 ,9 ! second li/ ( illu/rations1 ! tea*] himself w det]m9e ! c5tral idea1 & manife/ x ?r\gh 8 r5dition4 ,by foll[+ ?is plan1 ! tea*]'s own read+ w %[ mu* improvem5t1 & he w probably le>n bett] h[ to "w out ! problem ) 8 classes4 ,x is to be regrett$ t we h no recogniz$ symbols = %[+ %ades & degrees ( emphasis4 ,! tea*] w1 no d\bt1 be able to det]m9e = himself :e!r ! elem5t ( =ce or t ( inflection pr$om9ates4 #aj,!re on ! dais sat ano!r k+ ,we>+ ,,8 ,,robes1 8 ,,cr[n1 8 ,,signet-,,r+4 --,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily4 ,,longfell[4 ,note t 880 & 8robes0 are ( ab\t equal importance1 ! =m] p]haps weigh+ a little heavi] ?an ! latt]4 ,9 ! next phrase ! inflection on 880 is mu* n>r[] ?an on ! fir/ 8810 :ile ! 8cr[n0 becomes m important4 ,f9ally1 ! la/ 880 has no emphasis1 :ile ! climax ( ?\ght & emotion is rea*$ on 8signet-r+40 ,& d y ,,n[ put on y\r be/ attire6 ,& d y ,,n[ cull out a ,,holiday8 ,& d y n[ ,,/rew ,,fl[]s 9 ,,8 way ,t comes 9 triumph ov] ,pompey's blood8 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #a4 ,note ! climax3 8be/ attire0 is weak] ?an 8holiday10 & x ?an ! /rew+ ( fl[]s4 ,conv]sely1 ! emphasis on 8n[0 dim9i%es at ea* repetition4 ,! context %\ld be c>efully dige/$4 ,i r tell !e :at is to be fe>'d ,?an :at ,i fe>4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,an actor 787 0 once he>d to read ! above passage1 putt+ 8 emphasis on 8!e0 & ! second 8,i40 ,h[ illum9at+6 ,if 'tw]e done :5 'tis done1 !n 'tw]e well ,x 7 done quickly4 --,macbe?1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #g4 ,! above is a f9e illu/ration ( ! claim t ! /udy ( ! 8,c5tral ,idea0 is ess5tially a logical process4 ,any o!r emphasis is pu]ile1 & yet e o!r emphasis is he>d except ?is4 ,let u look a little clos]4 ,! passage beg9n+ ) ?is l9e resolves itself into ?is3 ,i am hamp]$ ) d\bts & fe>s2 ,i c f9d no re/ by day or night until ,i kill ! k+ or resolve to ab&on ! attempt4 ,b if ,i c be assur$ t !re %all be no aft] consequ5ces "h1 ,i'll risk ! life to come4 ,h5ce1 ! foll[+ p>aphrase is ! equival5t ( ! fir/ l9e3 ,if x ! murd] 7 out ( p's m9ds1 if x 7 blott$ out ( recollection1 consign$ to oblivion1 :5 x is committ$ :5 ,i d ! murd]1 !n ! soon] x is done ! bett] = my peace ( m9d4 ,9 a ^w1 if x is all ov] :5 x is committ$1 8!n 'tw]e well x 7 done quickly40 ,_m purposely avoid repeat+ ! emphasis on 8done0 because !y believe ! two 8done's0 are id5tical 9 mean+4 ,no?+ c\ld be f>!r f ! tru?1 z %[n above4 ,! tru? is1 ?is l9e is "o ( ^? grim plays ^u words 9 :i* ,%akespe>e is s prolific4 ,x ne$ h>dly be add$ t :5 prop]ly read ! s5se w be made cle> by keep+ 9 m9d ! p>aphrase j giv54 ,! result w be t ! fir/ 8done0 w be read ) a v decid$ fall+ inflection1 & ! second ) a ris+ circumflex inflection 7! m9d look+ =w>d at ! end to ! conclusion ( ! s5t5ce74 ,p]haps to ! s5sitive /ud5t ( lit]ature !re is ano!r argum5t4 ,%akespe>e's vocabul>y w\ld inde$ h be5 v limit$ _h he f\nd x necess>y to use ?ree 8done's0 9 ! op5+ l9e ( a mo/ important soliloquy4 ,to "o :o is alive to /hetic effects1 ! v fact t ,%akespe>e does use !m sugge/s a m c>eful analysis1 & "o soon discov]s ! cause4 ,! play on ! words makes ! sali5t idea m /rik+4 ,& flood ^u flood hurries on nev] end+2 & x nev] w re/ nor f travail be free4 --,! ,div]4 ,,s*ill]-,,lytton4 ,,macbe?4 ,i d>e d all t may become a man2 ,:o d>es d m is none4 ,,lady ,,macbe?4 ,:at bea/ 0't !n ,t made y break ?is ent]prise to me8 ,:5 y dur/ d x1 !n y 7 a man1 ,&1 to be m ?an :at y 71 y w\ld ,be s mu* m ! man4 ,nor "t nor place ,did !n adh]e1 & yet y w\ld make bo?1 ,!y h made !mselves1 & t _! fitness n[ ,does unmake y4 --,macbe?1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #g4 444 x becomes ,! ?rond ,,mon>* bett] ?an 8 ,,cr[n4 --,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act iv41 ,sc4 #a4 ,:y is 8bett]0 n ! mo/ significant ^w8 ,lives ( great m5 all rem9d u ,we c make our lives sublime4 --,psalm ( ,life4 ,,longfell[4 ,:y n emphasize 8we08 444 p]*ance to dream2 ay1 !re's ! rub6 ,= 9 t sleep ( dea? :at dreams may come4 --,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a4 8,:at0 is equival5t to :at horrible or awful4 ,,cassius4 ,i may d t ,i %all be sorry =4 ,,brutus4 ,y h done t y %\ld be sorry =4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act iv41 ,sc4 #c4 ,x is ! bright day t br+s =? ! add]1 ,& t craves w>y walk+4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,& s9ce ! qu>rel ,w be> no color = ! ?+ he is1 ,fa%ion x ?us2 t :at he is1 ,,augm5t$1 ,w\ld run to ^! & ^! extremities4 --,ibid4 ,?is read+ br+s out mo/ cle>ly ! rationale ( ,brutus's attitude4 ,! soliloquy %\ld be /udi$ 9 its entirety4 ,give me t man ,t is n passion's slave1 & ,i w we> him ,9 my he>t's core1 ay1 9 my ,,he>t ( he>t1 ,z ,i d !e4 --,hamlet1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,?is example is us$ 9 ,fulton & ,trueblood's ,practical ,elocution4 ,! au?ors /ate3 ,x has be5 a "q ) ! actors :i* ^w ( ! phrase he>t ( he>t %\ld receive ! *ief emphasis1 "s claim+ ! read+ %\ld be 8he>t ( he>t10 o!rs 8he>t ( he>t10 /ill o!rs 8he>t ( he>t40 ,! fir/ seems to u ! pref]able read+1 = if ! l9es read1 8,i w we> him 9 my he>t's core1 ay1 9 ! c5t] ( x10 ! case w\ld be cle>4 ,"h 8c5t]0 /&s 9 ! place ( ! fir/ 8he>t40 ,%e look$ d[n to blu% & %e look$ up to sigh1 ,) a smile on h] lip & a te> 9 h] eye4 --,lo*9v>4 ,,scott4 ,!re are ^? :o argue t 8lip0 & 8eye0 %\ld n be emphasiz$4 ,?is is a s]i\s error4 ,! phrases 8on h] lip0 & 89 h] eye0 are elaborative1 & h5ce ! emphasis is di/ribut$ ov] ! entire phrase4 ,if ?is is wrong1 we mu/ blame ! writ] = tautology4 ,b lit]ature has _m simil> examples4 ,"h is ano!r3 ,br+ =? ! be/ robe1 & put x on him3 & put a r+ on 8 h&1 & %oes on 8 feet4--,luke xv4 #bb4 ,!re is a rule tell+ u to emphasize words 9 anti!sis4 ,9 _m cases we d s2 b ^! cases w\ld emphasize !mselves1 s to speak4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m cases ( rhetorical anti!sis :]e x int]f]es ) ! s5se to emphasize bo? memb]s ( ! anti!sis1 & "h ! rule /eps 9 to lead a/ray ! pupil4 ,to illu/rate3 8,i am go+ to t[n to-morr[1 b y ne$ n g until ! day aft]40 ,mr4 ,a4 ,melville ,bell has put ?is v cle>ly4 ,9 8 ,essays & ,po/scripts on ,elocution1 he says3 ,! emphasis ( contra/ falls necess>ily on ! second ( a contra/$ pair ( words1 b n necess>ily on ! fir/4 ,! fir/ ^w is emphatic or o!rwise1 accord+ z x is new1 or impli$ 9 prec$+ ?\ghts2 b x is n emphatic 9 virtue ( subsequ5t contra/4 ,a purpos$ anticipation may give emphasis to ! fir/ ^w1 b su* anticipatory emphasis %\ld n be made habitual4 ,if ! bright blood t fills my ve9s1 transmitt$ free f godlike ance/ry1 7 l ! slimy ooze :i* /agnates 9 y\r art]ies1 ,i _h rema9$ at home4 ,is x n cle> t ! anticipatory emphasis on 8my0 is n only unnecess>y1 b w\ld1 if giv51 weak5 ! =ce ( ! succe$+ phrase8 ,i h no?+ m to say1 b ! honorable g5tleman w no d\bt speak = h\rs4 ,:at c\ld ,i d less2 :at c\ld he d m8 ,,messala4 ,x is b *ange1 ,tit9ius2 = ,octavius ,is ov]?r[n by noble ,brutus' p[]1 ,z ,cassius' legions are by ,antony4 ,,tit9ius4 ,^! tid+s w well com=t ,cassius4 ,,messala4 ,is n t he t lies ^u ! gr\nd8 ,,tit9ius4 ,he lies n l ! liv+4 ,oh my he>t6 ,,messala4 ,is n t he8 ,,tit9ius4 ,no1 ?is 0 he1 ,messala1 ,b ,cassius is no m1--,o sett+ sun6 ,z 9 ?y r$ rays ?\ do/ s9k to-night1 ,s 9 8 r$ blood ,cassius' day is set2 ,! sun ( ,rome is set6 ,our day is gone2 ,cl\ds1 dews1 & dang]s come2 our de$s are done6 ,mi/ru/ ( my success ha? done ?is de$4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act v41 ,sc4 #c4 ,x is evid5t t ! speak]s h be5 conv]s+ ab\t ! two p>ts ( ! battle1 & ,tit9ius has told 8 fri5d t ,cassius has be5 ov]?r[n4 ,to ?is ,messala replies1 com=t+ly1 ,affairs are balanc$1 !n1 etc4 ,! entire extract ne$s & w amply repay mo/ critical /udy4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d "o conta9+ m difficulties4 ,,bassanio4 ,?is is no answ]1 ?\ unfeel+ man1 ,to excuse ! curr5t ( ?y cruelty4 ,,%ylock4 ,i am n b\nd to please !e ) my answ]4 ,,bassanio4 ,d all m5 kill ! ?+s !y d n love8 ,,%ylock4 ,hates any man ! ?+ he w\ld n kill8 ,,bassanio4 ,e (f5se is n a hate at fir/4 ,,%ylock4 ,:at6 w\ld/ ?\ h a s]p5t /+ !e twice8 --,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act iv41 ,sc4 #a4 ,,duncan4 ,g1 pron\nce 8 pres5t#aa dea?1 ,& ) 8 =m] title greet ,macbe?4 ,,ross4 ,i'll see x done4 ,,duncan4 ,:at he ha? lo/1 noble ,macbe? ha? won4 --,macbe?1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,?\ %alt get k+s1 ?\gh ?\ be none4 --,macbe?1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #c4 ,,macbe?4 ,! ?ane ( ,cawdor lives3 :y d y dress me ,9 borr['d robes8 ,,angus4 ,:o 0 ! ?ane1 lives yet4 --,ibid4 ,,lig>ius4 ,:at's to d8 ,,brutus4 ,a piece ( "w t w make sick m5 :ole4 ,,lig>ius4 ,b are n "s :ole t we mu/ make sick8 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,:5 begg>s die1 !re are no comets se52 ,! heav5s !mselves blaze =? ! dea? ( pr9ces4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,,brutus4 ,he ha? ! fall+ sickness4 ,,cassius4 ,no1 ,caes> ha? x n2 b y & ,i1 ,& hone/ ,casca1 we h ! fall+ sickness4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,romans n[ ,h !ws & limbs l to _! ance/ors1 ,b1 woe ! :ile6 our fa!rs' m9ds are dead1 ,& we are gov]n'd ) our mo!rs' spirits4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #c4 ,t y d love me1 ,i am no?+ jeal\s2 ,:at y w\ld "w me to1 ,i h "s aim2 ,h[ ,i h ?\ght ( ?is1 & ( ^! times1 ,i %all rec\nt h]eaft]2 = ?is pres5t1 ,i w\ld n1 s ) love ,i might entreat y1 ,be any fur!r mov'd4 ,:at y h said1 ,i w consid]2 :at y h to say1 ,i w ) pati5ce he>1 & f9d a "t ,bo? meet to he>1 & answ] su* high ?+s4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,c[>ds die _m times be=e _! dea?s2 ,! valiant nev] ta/e ( dea? b once4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act ii41 ,sc #b4 ,,flavius4 ,?\ art a cobbl]1 art ?\8 ,,citiz54 ,truly1 sir1 all t ,i live by is ) ! awl4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #a4 ,,sir ,,pet]4 ,v well1 ma'am1 v well6 ,s a husb& is to h no influ5ce--no au?ority6 ,,lady ,,teazle4 ,au?ority8 ,no1 to be sure6 ,if y want$ au?ority ov] me1 y %\ld h adopt$ me1 & n m>ri$ me2 ,i am sure y 7 old en\gh6--,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al4 ,,%]idan4 ,we live 9 de$s1 n ye>s2 9 ?\ght1 n brea?2 ,9 feel+s1 n 9 figures on a dial2 ,we %\ld c\nt "t by he>t-?robs4 ,he mo/ lives1 ,:o ?9ks mo/1 feels ! noble/1 acts ! be/4 --,fe/us4 ,,bailey4 ,i mu/ be cruel1 only to be k9d2 ,?us bad beg9s1 & worse rema9s beh9d4 ,our new h]aldry is--h&s1 n he>ts4 ,he je/s at sc>s t nev] felt a w\nd4 ,fri5d%ip 0 9 _! looks1 b 9 _! he>ts !re 0 hatr$4 ,oh6 ! blood m /irs ,to r\se a lion ?an to />t a h>e4 ,y w f9d x less easy to uproot faults ?an *oke !m by ga9+ virtues4 ,a maid5's wra? has two eyes--"o bl9d1 ! o!r ke5] ?an a falcon's4 ,! /orm t r5ds ! oak uproots ! fl[]4 ,b break1 my he>t1 = ,i mu/ hold my tongue4 ,sugge/ions = a class lesson foll[3 ,let u look at ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,i he>d ,william say x40 ,c y read t s5t5ce n[8 ,i %\ld say y c\ld n1 & my reason is1 t y are n q sure ( its mean+4 ,let u see :at t mean+ is4 ,"o p]son might mean t he _h he>d ,william say x1 b t y _h n4 ,h[ w\ld y read ! s5t5ce !n8 ,ano!r p]son might mean1 8,i am sure ,william said x1 = ,i 0 !re to he> him40 ,h[ w\ld y express t8 ,aga91 a ?ird p]son might mean t he 0 sure ,george or ,john _h n said x1 b ,william4 ,h[ w\ld y read t8 ,we le>n f ?is ano!r reason :y we mu/ use great c>e 9 prep>+ our read+ lesson4 ,y see1 if we d n1 we %all n /op to consid] j :at ! s5t5ce means1 & !n 9 read+ we %all n express ! au?or's mean+4 ,let u try a few m examples4 ,9 ea* make up y\r m9d j :at y want to say1 & !n say x z if y meant x4 ,,example #a4--8;,i l geography bett] ?an ,i d hi/ory40 ,n[1 if y h be5 talk+ to a fri5d ab\t ! /udies y l be/1 & he has j said1 8,i l geography z well z ,i d hi/ory10 h[ w\ld y read ! above example8 ,( c\rse1 y see t ! ma9 idea 9 y\r m9d w\ld be to tell him t y lik$ geography n only z well z1 b bett] ?an1 hi/ory4 ,well !n1 n[ y may read ! example4 ,,example #b4--8;,i %\ld r be a lawy] ?an a doctor40 ,suppose 9 ?is case a fri5d has said1 8,my fa!r wants me to be a doctor40 ,h[ w\ld y !n read ! s5t5ce8 ,,example #c4--8,que5 ,victoria has reign$ long] ?an any o!r mon>* :o ev] sat ^u ! ,engli% ?rone40 ,suppose y are tell+ ?is to y\r classmates1 & t y h n be5 talk+ ab\t ,que5 ,victoria be=e1 b y want only to give !m a piece ( in=mation4 ,let u rememb]1 !n1 t e s5t5ce has a pr9cipal1 or1 z we sometimes say1 a c5tral idea4 ,we ne$ be extremely c>eful to get t c5tral idea1 & if we h be51 we notice t c]ta9 words w /& out v prom95tly 9 our read+4 ,?is is true because read+ is j l speak+4 ,if "s "o asks y :]e y are go+1 & y are go+ to s*ool1 :at d y ?9k (8 ,y don't ?9k ( ea* ^w ( y\r answ]2 y ?9k only "o idea--s*ool4 ,s y say1 8,i am go+ to s*ool10 & y make ! ^w 8s*ool0 v prom95t1 or important4 8,s*ool0 is ! c5tral idea4 ,until our next /ep ,i want y to /udy e s5t5ce ( e read+ lesson1 be>+ 9 m9d ?is v important fact reg>d+ ! c5tral idea4 ,e s5t5ce has su* a c5tral idea1 & until y h f\nd x y _c read ! s5t5ce4 ,v few directions are necess>y except to w>n ! tea*] aga9/ speak+ ab\t ! v>i\s k9ds ( emphasis4 ,no matt] :at ! k9d1 ! ?\ght w f9d its natural *annel if ! conditions be "r4 ,x is true1 t sometimes a ^w is made prom95t by inflection 7ris+1 fall+1 circumflex71 sometimes by sl[] "t1 sometimes by =ce alone4 ,b let u rememb]1 ^! v>i\s =ms are ! results ( v>i\s =ms ( ?9k+4 ,if ^? are "r1 correct read+ w foll[4 ,x is fur!r wor? not+ t ! be/ au?orities use 8emphasis0 z signify+ any means ( mak+ ! ?\ght /& out4 ,h5ce1 ! tea*] is urg$ n to use ! t]m 8emphasis0 at all4 ,if a pupil err1 tell him he has n giv5 y ! c5tral1 or lead+1 idea4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,subord9ation ,! analysis = det]m9+ ! c5tral idea mu/ h l$ ! /ud5t to disc]n subord9ate ideas4 ,z a rule1 ! expression ( ^! w n be difficult1 b !re are c]ta9 phases ( subord9ation t require special /udy4 ,we h not$ t 9 our desire to impress ! lead+ ?\ght ^u ano!r we h us$ significant inflection1 or =ce or "t4 ,x mu/ foll[ !n t ! relatively unimportant words w be read 9 a mann] less /rik+4 ,9 ! foll[+ spee* ( ,portia1 obs]ve h[ naturally we slight ! relatively unimportant ideas3 ,if to d 7 z easy z to "k :at 7 good to d1 *apels _h be5 *ur*es1 & poor m5's cottages pr9ces' palaces4 ,x is a good div9e t foll[s 8 own in/ructions3 ,i c easi] tea* tw5ty :at 7 good to be done1 ?an to be "o ( ! tw5ty to foll[ m9e own tea*+4 ,!re w be degrees ( subord9ation1 ( c\rse3 ! above m>k+ is meant only to draw att5tion to ! purely in/9ctive process z a result ( :i* ! vocal modulations manife/ ! relative degrees ( ?\ght value4 ,x is some?+ ( an art to t\* lightly ^u ! unimportant & yet n to slur x4 ,we are n advocat+ t ! tea*] %\ld at any l5g? dwell ^u ?is1 ?\gh x is well = him to recognize ?is feature ( expression4 ,!re are two reasons = ?is3 fir/1 9 ! e>li] /ages ( read+ !re is a t5d5cy to ov]emphasize2 second1 9 ! lat] /ages1 ! unimportant words are hurri$1 ) ! result t ! read+ becomes indi/9ct4 ,z !re are slight$ words 9 e phrase1 s !re are slight$ phrases & clauses 9 _m s5t5ces4 ,we are all acqua9t$ ) ! "t-honor$ advice conc]n+ ! mann] 9 :i* "o %\ld read words 9 p>5!ses3 8,l[] ! voice & read fa/]40 ,x is n to be d5i$ t ! av]age p>5!tical ?\ght is express$ 9 t way1 b !re are _m examples 9 :i* ! injunction w n apply4 ,:e!r ! key w be rais$ or l[]$1 & :e!r ! "t w be accel]at$ or ret>d$1 w dep5d entirely ^u ! m5tal attitude ( ! read]4 ,to illu/rate3 8,! battle ( ,wat]loo1--! mo/ important battle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1--end$ ! c>e] ( ,napoleon40 ,if "o has be5 speak+ ( ! great importance ( ?is battle1 & takes = grant$ t 8 audi5ce recognizes ?is importance1 he w probably l[] ! key 9 ! subord9ate s5t5ce1 & read x fa/]2 b o!rwise he w\ld read x m sl[ly 7z a result ( ! importance ( ! ?\ght71 ev5 if he did n raise ! key4 ,?is leads u to ! conclusion t a phrase or clause may be grammatically subord9ate & yet ( ! greate/ importance4 ,! degree ( importance det]m9es h[ x %all be read1 & n arbitr>y rules4 ,! ma9 result to be obta9$ 9 ?is /ep is ! tra9+ ( ! /ud5t's m9d 9 appreh5d+ ?\ght-modulation2 to enable him to weigh ! ?\ght 9 ord] t he may p]ceive m cle>ly ! relative values ( ! v>i\s phrases4 ,?is p]ception leads 9 expression to t mo/ desirable phase ( utt]ance--v>iety4 ,a few simple illu/rations are add$ z examples ( :at may be us$ = class drill4 ,! m difficult illu/rations may be us$ = advanc$ classes1 & = practice by ! tea*] himself3 ,& *ildr51 com+ home f s*ool1 ,look 9 at ! op5 door2 ,&1 ) 8 h>d1 r\gh h&1 he wipes ,a te> out ( 8 eyes4 ,h[ev]1 z ! sun bak$ ^! two v dry & h>d1 ,i lift$ !m v g5tly1 & set !m d[n aga9 9 two great wick] baskets1 :i* ,i _h made on purpose = !m1 t !y might n break2 &1 z betwe5 ! pot & ! basket !re 0 a little room to sp>e1 ,i /uff$ x full ( ! rice & b>ley /raw2 & ^! two pots1 be+ to /& always dry1 ,i ?\ght w\ld hold my dry corn1 & p]haps ! meal1 :5 ! corn 0 bruis$4 ,?\gh ,i succe$$ s poorly 9 my design = l>ge pots1 yet ,i made sev]al small] ?+s ) bett] success1 su* z little r\nd pots1 flat di%es1 pit*]s1 & pipk9s1 & any?+ my h& turn$ to2 & ! heat ( ! sun bak$ !m v h>d4 ,art is long1 & ,"t is fleet+1 ,& our he>ts1 ?\gh /\t & brave1 ,/ill1 l muffl$ drums1 are beat+ ,fun]al m>*es to ! grave4 ,!n x 0 t ,jo1 liv+ 9 ! d>k5$ room1 ) t suff]+ little si/] always be=e h] eyes1 & t pa!tic voice s\nd+ 9 h] e>s1 le>n$ to see ! beauty & sweetness ( ,be?'s nature1 to feel h[ deep & t5d] a place %e fill$ 9 all he>ts1 & to ackn[l$ge ! wor? ( ,be?'s unselfi% ambition to live = o!rs1 & make home happy by ! ex]cise ( ^? simple virtues :i* all may possess1 & :i* all %\ld love & value m ?an tal5t1 weal?1 or beauty4#ab ,x 0 pa/ two o'clock :5 ,jo1 :o /ood at ! w9d[ ?9k+ h[ dre>y ! _w look$ 9 its w9d+-%eet ( sn[1 he>d a movem5t by ! b$1 &1 turn+ quickly1 saw ,meg kneel+ be=e _! "m's easy-*air1 ) h] face hidd54 ,9 :at s*ool did ! wor?ies ( our l&--! ,wa%+tons1 ,h5rys1 ,frankl9s1 ,rutl$ges--le>n ^? pr9ciples ( civil lib]ty8 ,next to ! wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r ( u all--! deepe/ & gr&e/ ( human emotions--is ! love ( ! l& t gave u bir?4 ,i am n--,i ne$ sc>cely say x--! panegyri/ ( ,engl&4 ,i h return$1--n1 z ! "r honorable memb] has said1 to raise a /orm1--,i h return$ to dis*>ge an honorable debt ( gratitude to my c\ntry4 ,may t ,god 7,i d n take 8 "n 9 va971 may t ,god =bid x4 ,"o day--%all ,i =get x ev]8--ye 7 pres5t--,i _h f\ght long & well4 ,i 0 ab\t to slay him1 :5 a few hurri$ words--r a welcome to dea? ?an a plea = life--told me he 0 a ,?racian4 ,"o raw morn+ 9 spr+--x w be eighty ye>s ! #ai? ( ?is mon?--,hancock & ,adams 7 bo? at ,lex+ton4 ,& are we to speak & act l m5 :o h su/a9$ no wrong8 ,we6 ,six millions (--:at %all ,i say8--citiz5s8 ,among ! exploits ( m>vel\s & almo/ leg5d>y valor p]=m$ by t great ,engli% *iefta9--:o has be5 laid aside uncoronet$1 & almo/ unhonor$ because he w\ld promote & di/+ui% ! m5 ( "w 9 pref]5ce to ! m5 ( idl5ess--among 8 a*ievem5ts n ! lea/ wondr\s 0 ! subjugation ( ! robb] tribes ( ! ,cut*ee ,hills 9 ! nor? ( ,sc9de4 ,b if !re is "o man "h--,i am speak+ n ( %apes & =ms1 b ( feel+s--if !re is "o "h t feels z m5 7 wont to feel1 he w draw ! sword4 ,& y--y1 :o are eight millions /rong--y1 :o boa/ at e meet+ t ?is isl& is ! f9e/ :i* ! sun looks d[n ^u--y1 :o h no ?reat5+ sea to /em1 no avalan*e to dread--y1 :o say t y c\ld %ield along y\r coa/ a ?\s& sail1 & be ! pr9ces ( a mighty comm]ce--y1 :o by ! magic ( an hone/ h&1 b5ea? ea* summ] sky1 might cull a pl5te\s h>ve/ f y\r soil1 & ) ! sickle /rike away ! scy! ( dea?--y1 :o h no vulg> hi/ory to read--y1 :o c trace1 f field to field1 ! evid5ces ( civilization old] ?an ! ,conque/--! relics ( a religion f> m anci5t ?an ! ,gospel--y1 :o h ?us be5 bless$1 ?us be5 gift$1 ?us be5 prompt$ to :at is wise & g5]\s & great--y w make no ef=t--y w p]i% by ! ?\s&1 & ! f9e/ isl& t ! sun looks d[n ^u1 amid ! je]s & hoot+ ( ! _w1 w black5 into a plague spot1 a wild]ness1 a sepul*]4 ,9 8 e>ly manhood1 at ! bidd+ ( consci5ce1 aga9/ ! advice ( 8 de>e/ fri5ds1 9 opposition to /]n pat]nal comm&s1 aga9/ e dictate ( worldly wisdom & human prud5ce1 9 spite ( all ! dazzl+ temptations ( ambition s allur+ to ! he>t ( a "y man1 he turn$ away f ! broad fair highway to weal?1 position1 & di/9ction1 t ! h&s ( a k+ op5$ be=e him1 &1 ca/+ 8 lot ) ! sect weake/ & mo/ unpopul> 9 ,engl&1 ?r\gh pa?s t 7 tangl$ ) tr\ble1 & l9$ ) pitiless ?orns ( p]secution1 he walk$ into honor & fame1 & ! rev]5ce ( ! _w1 su* z royalty c\ld n promise & c\ld n give him4 ,no "o v5]ates ! ,pe]age m ?an ,i d2 b1 my ,lords1 ,i mu/ say t ! ,pe]age solicit$ me1--n ,i ! ,pe]age4 ,nay1 m1--,i c say1 & w say1 t1 z a ,pe] ( ,p>liam5t1 z ,speak] ( ?is "r honorable ,h\se1 z keep] ( ! great seal1 z gu>dian ( 8 ,maje/y's consci5ce1 z ,"l ,high ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1--nay1 ev5 9 t "* alone 9 :i* ! noble ,duke w\ld ?9k x an affront to be consid]$1 b :i* "* none c d5y me1 z a ,,man1--,i am at ?is mom5t z respectable--,i beg leave to add--,i am z mu* respect$1--z ! pr\de/ ,pe] ,i n[ look d[n ^u4 ,fre% z ! fl[]1 ^: mode/ wor? ,he sang1 8 g5ius 8gl9t$0 =?1 ,rose l a /> t t\*+ e>?1 ,= s x seems1 ,do? glorify its humble bir? ,) mat*less beams4 ,! pi]c+ eye1 ! ?\ghtful br[1 ,! /ruggl+ he>t1 :]e be !y n[8 ,full soon ! aspirant ( ! pl[1 ,! prompt1 ! brave1 ,slept1 ) ! obscure/1 9 ! l[ ,& sil5t grave4 ,true fri5ds ?\gh div]sely incl9$2 ,b he>t ) he>t & m9d ) m9d1 ,:]e ! ma9 fib]s are entw9$1 ,?r\gh ,nature's skill1 ,may ev5 by contr>ies be jo9$ ,m closely /ill4 ,sigh+ ,i turn$ away2 b ere ,night fell1 ,i he>d1 or seem$ to he>1 ,music t sorr[ comes n ne>1 ,a ritual hymn1 ,*ant$ 9 love t ca/s out fe> ,by ,s]aphim4 ,too frail to keep ! l(ty v[ ,t mu/ h foll[$ :5 8 br[ ,0 wrea!d--8,! ,vision0 tells u h[-- ,) holly spray1 ,he falt]$1 drift$ to & fro1 ,& pass$ away4 ,! five prec$+ /anzas are f ,wordswor?'s poem1 ,at ! ,grave ( ,burns4 ,9 ! illu/rations t foll[1 ! /ud5t w note ?ree di/9ct degrees ( importance ( ?\ght2 9 o!r words1 !re is ! ma9 idea1 its modifi]1 & ! modifi] ( ! modifi]4 ,! vocal expression ( ^! illu/rations w be affect$ j to ! ext5t t ! /ud5t appreciates ! value ( ! diff]5t phrases4 ,at ,atri 9 ,abruzzo1 a small t[n ,( anci5t ,roman date1 b scant r5[n1 ,"o ( ^? little places t h run ,half up ! hill1 b5ea? a blaz+ sun1 ,& !n sat d[n to re/1 z if to say1 8,i climb no f>!r upw>d1 come :at may10 ,! ,re ,giovanni1 n[ unkn[n to fame1 ,s _m mon>*s s9ce h borne ! "n1 ,_h a great bell hung 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,x is my purpose1 !re=e1 believ+ t !re are c]ta9 po9ts ( sup]iority 9 mod]n arti/s1 & especially 9 "o or two ( _! numb]1 :i* h n yet be5 fully und]/ood1 except by ^? :o are sc>cely 9 a position admitt+ ! decl>ation ( _! conviction1 to in/itute a close comp>ison betwe5 ! great works ( anci5t & mod]n l&scape art4 ,_m /ud5ts :o f9d no difficulty 9 sil5tly read+ su* extracts z ! above1 w (t5 fail 9 _! vocal expression because ( ! fact t ! latt] is m delib]ate2 & consequ5tly !y may lose ! tr5d ( ! ma9 ?\ght 9 r5d]+ ! explanatory & p>5!tical portions4 ,to ov]come ?is difficulty1 !y are advis$ to read ! s5t5ce1 ) ! omission ( all b ! mo/ ess5tial idea2 !n let !m add "o idea aft] ano!r to ! ma9 idea1 until ! s5t5ce is read correctly 9 its entirety4 ,9 ! la/ example quot$1 ! ma9 idea is1 8,x is my purpose 444 to in/itute a close comp>ison betwe5 ! great works ( anci5t & mod]n l&scape art40 ,read ?is ?ree or f\r times1 until ! idea is cle>ly appreh5d$4 ,n[ read ! s5t5ce1 omitt+ 8& especially 9 "o or two ( _! numb]10 until ?is l>g] ?\ght is grasp$2 aft] :i* let ! s5t5ce be read z a :ole4 ,foll[+ ! usual plan1 a class lesson is add$3 8,:5 ,i 0 9 ,p>is 7:i* is 9 ,france71 ,i saw a great _m pretty ?+s40 ,read ?is s5t5ce c>efully & y w f9d some?+ we h n _h be=e3 a gr\p ( words 9 p>5!sis4 ,y notice1 we %\ld h v good s5se )\t ?is gr\p4 ,read x3 8,:5 ,i 0 9 ,p>is ,i saw a great _m pretty ?+s40 ,s y see1 ! words 8:i* is 9 ,france0 are n s important z ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,y might say !y 7 ?r[n 9 aft] y _h ?\ght ( ! o!r idea4 ,n[1 ,i want y to read ! s5t5ce al\d1 leav+ out ! gr\p1 8:i* is 9 ,france40 ,aft] y h done ?is five or six times1 !n read ! :ole s5t5ce1 keep+ 9 m9d t ! words 9 p>5!sis are n v important1 b j ?r[n 9 to let p "k t y mean ,p>is 9 ,france1 & n "s o!r ,p>is4 ,! gr\ps t are ?r[n 9 are n always put 9 p>5!sis4 ,b t does n make any diff]5ce 9 ! read+4 ,"h are a few examples4 ,i want y to practice on !m j z y did on ! fir/ example 9 ?is lesson4 #a4 8,! k+ ( ,engl&1 :o 0 a v brave man1 won sev]al victories ov] ! ,fr5*40 #b4 8,! l>ge/ s*ool 9 our city1 :i* is ,*icago1 has m ?an five hundr$ *ildr5 9 x40 #c4 8,dur+ ! ,*ri/mas vacation1 :i* la/s t5 days1 ,i w5t to see my gr&mo!r40 #d4 8,frank did all 8 "m ask$ him to d2 b ,william1 because he 0 c>eless & disob$i5t1 gave 8 "m & tea*] a great deal ( tr\ble40 ,?is la/ example makes v cle> :at we h be5 /udy+ 9 ?is lesson4 ,y see pla9ly t ! words1 8because he 0 c>eless & disob$i5t10 are put 9 simply to expla9 :y ,william gave a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,y mu/ be v c>eful ab\t ?is k9d ( s5t5ce1 because !re are a great _m ( !m on e page1 & y w be sure to miss !m if y are c>eless4 ,! tea*] %\ld ask ! pupils to br+ 9 o!r examples1 & h !m read 9 ! class4 ,he %\ld also select examples f ! read+ book4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,values ,?is feature ( expression is "o ( ! mo/ vital4 ,x has to d ) ! value ( ea* phrase ( ! s5t5ce & ea* phase ( ! :ole selection4 ,) e *ange ( ?\ght & emotion comes ano!r =m ( expression1 & ^! diff]5t =ms we may call ,values4 ,we apply ! t]m ,transition to ! act ( pass+ f "o %ade ( ?\ght or feel+ to ano!r4 ,all transitions are n necess>ily emotional1 & yet ^? mo/ significant are c]ta9ly ( ?is "*4 ,let u fir/ consid] a few examples n /rongly m>k$ ) emotion3 8,?ree qu>t]s r\nd y\r p>tn]s sw+60 8,across ! set60 ,! raft]s r+1 ,! girls & boys h tak5 w+1 ,& h br\ght _! roses out6 ',tis 8,=w>d six60 ) ru/ic grace1 ,ah1 r>] f> ?an--8,sw+ to place60 ,?an gold5 cl\ds ( old po9t lace1 ,!y br+ ! dance ab\t4 ,9 ! =ego+ we h a picture ( ! c\ntry dance4 ,we he> ! figures call$ out by ! old fiddl]1 & see ! ev]-v>y+ *anges ( ,! ,money ,musk4 ,/udy ! l9es s z to be able to br+ out ! calls cle>ly1 not+ ! two di/9ct calls at ! op5+1 & ! abrupt break 9 ! six? l9e4 ,! next extract pres5ts a wife confid+ to a fri5d ! /ory ( h] c\rt%ip4 ,h] husb& is a true knight1 & w\ld p]haps res5t x to h ev5 8 brav]y =m ! subject ( conv]sation4 ,! /ory has rea*$ its conclusion :5 ! speak] says3 ,our eld] boy has got ! cle> ,great br[2 ?o' :5 8 bro!r's black ,full eyes %[ scorn1 x-- & %e is probably ab\t to add "s su* /atem5t z1 8,x behooves "o to look out10 :5 sudd5ly ! husb& appe>s on ! sc5e4 ,) a woman's ready wit1 %e breaks (f ! s5t5ce abruptly1 say+3 ,gismond "h8 ,& h y br\ght my t]cel back8 ,i 0 j tell+ ,adela ,h[ _m birds x /ruck s9ce ,may4 ,we might put into words :at passes ?r\gh h] m9d4 ,%e is ab\t to add some?+ fur!r conc]n+ ! eyes ( h] boy1 :5 %e he>s ! s\nd ( feet along ! walk4 ,expect+ h] husb&1 ! conclud+ words ( h] s5t5ce pass f h] m9d z %e turns to see ! visitor4 ,x is ,gismond4 ,he mu/ n "k t %e has be5 speak+ ( him4 ,! t]cel 9 8 h& gives h] ! opportunity ( op5+ ! conv]sation1 :i* %e is quick to d1 adroitly pret5d+ t x 0 ( t v t]cel %e & h] fri5d _h be5 conv]s+ be=e 8 arrival4 ,"o m illu/ration ( ?is k9d w suffice4 ,a t5d]1 lov+ woman is talk+ to h] husb&4 ,he is a le>n$ poet1 & p]haps j a trifle ( a p$ant4 ,he is mo/ m9ute & exact 9 all he does1 ev] los+ sight ( ! _s 9 ! lett]4 ,! wife is ! true poet1 c>+ no?+ = ! ar*ology & philology & ! geography1 b quick to p]ceive ! inn] mean+ ( ! poetic4 ,he has told h] a /ory 9 ! pa/1 & %e is go+ n[ to tell x back to him ) a new moral4 ,"h is ! fir/ /anza3 ,:at a pretty tale y told me ,once ^u a "t --,said y f\nd me some:]e 7scold me67 ,0 x prose or 0 x rhyme1 ,greek or ,lat98 ,:5 ! woman comes to 8some:]e10 %e f9ds %e has =gott5 ! s\rce ( ! orig9al /ory4 ,t means s mu* to him6 ,x is s important6 ,) a quizzical look1 %e pret5ds to rack h] bra9s = ! miss+ in=mation1 kn[+ all ! "t %e w n f9d x1 & kn[+ equally well t x makes no diff]5ce 9 ! /ory4 ,!n1 ) a coy expression & a look ( mock humility on h] face1 %e lets fall h] eyes1 meekly ackn[l$g+ h] awful guilt1 & /&s prep>$ to accept h] j puni%m5t1 say+1 ,scold me6 ,i des]ve x4 ,i h s9n$2 my puni%m5t is j4 ,_m /ud5ts f9d x no easy task to make ^! transitions naturally4 ,"s d n make !m at all1 b run ! two phases ( ?\ght or emotion toge!r4 ,o!rs anticipate ! com+ idea1 & hurry ! la/ two or ?ree words be=e ! break4 ,! prop] tra9+ is to write or ?9k out ! incomplete s5t5ce1 !n let x m or less quickly vani% f ! m9d z ! new conception gr[s cle>]1 )\t betray+ ! fact t "o is consci\s ( a com+ int]ruption4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! second example1 "o mu/ read up to & ?r\gh 8x0 )\t ! slighte/ sugge/ion ( ! com+ ( ,gismond1 & ev5 ?9k ! conclusion ( ! s5t5ce4 ,!n he> or sudd5ly see ,gismond j z ! ^w 8x0 falls f ! lips1 & dismiss+ f ! m9d ! =m] idea1 conclude ) ! joy\s1 wifely welcome & "q4 ,x might be prop] to rem>k "h t ! same pr9ciple applies to ! read+ ( dialogue4 ,except 9 r>e cases ! read] %\ld n 9 any way anticipate ! spee* ( "o "* :ile r5d]+ ! words ( ano!r4 ,= ^? :o d n int5d to become read]s1 b :o w\ld be prea*]s or lawy]s1 ! practice "h recomm5d$ w prove ( great value4 ,too _m speak]s1 9 _! excitem5t on ! "o h& & 9 _! spiritlessness on ! o!r1 glide along l9e aft] l9e 9 "o monoton\s drift4 ,a /udy ( ^! ex]cises w tea* ! necessity ( transitions1 & tra9 9 ! control ( ! m5tal action 9 ?is reg>d1--a control antec$5t to t mo/ important requisite1 v>iety4 ,aft] almo/ e p>agraph or /anza !re is m or less ( *ange 9 ! ?\ght1 & ! appreh5sion ( ?is *ange w be suffici5t to modulate ! vocal expression4 ,ev5 :]e !re is no abrupt *ange 9 ! fl[ ( ideas1 !re is (t5 a gradual transition f "o emotion to ano!r1 & ^! transitions may occur sev]al times )9 "o p>agraph4 ,take ! foll[+ exc]pt f ,web/]'s reply to ,hayne4 ,x is "o p>agraph2 b x is divid$ into f\r small] p>agraphs1 ea* ( :i* is a m>k$ 8phase0 ( ! ?9k+4 ,practice 9 ! analysis ( selections to det]m9e ^! phases is ! be/ & only rational tra9+ 9 transitions4 ,b its value does n /op "h2 = ! /ud5t n only makes transitions1 b is l$1 ?r\gh c>eful analysis1 to disc]n %ades ( mean+ & emotion he might o!rwise ov]look3 ,sir1 ! g5tleman inquires :y he 0 made ! object ( a reply4 ,:y 0 he s+l$ out8 ,if an attack has be5 made on ! ,ea/ he1 he assures u1 did n beg9 x2 x 0 made by ! g5tleman f ,miss\ri4 ,sir1 ,i answ]$ ! g5tleman's spee* because ,i happ5$ to he> x1 & because ,i *ose to answ] t spee* :i*1 if unansw]$1 ,i ?\ght mo/ likely to produce injuri\s impressions4 ,i did n /op to inquire :o 0 ! orig9al draw] ( ! bill4 ,i f\nd a responsible endors] be=e me1 & x 0 my purpose to hold him liable1 & to br+ him to 8 j responsibility )\t delay4 ,b1 sir1 ?is int]rogatory ( ! honorable memb] 0 only introductory to ano!r4 ,he proce$s to ask :e!r ,i _h turn$ ^u him 9 ?is debate f ! consci\sness t ,i %\ld f9d an ov]mat* if ,i v5tur$ on a conte/ ) 8 fri5d f ,miss\ri4 ,transitions 9 emotion d n diff] 9 pr9ciple f ^? we h be5 consid]+4 ,! /ud5t mu/ pursue ! same me?od ) ^! z ) ! o!rs1 express+ ! fir/ emotion until he comes to ! break1 mak+ !n an elliptical p>aphrase1 & !n pres5t+ ! new emotion4 ,an excell5t model is ! foll[+ spee* ( ,k+ ,le>4 ,! ag$ mon>* has1 9 a fit ( rage1 ca/ adrift 8 y\nge/ *ild1 & 8 elde/ has turn$ him f h] home4 ,he turns 9 despair to 8 rema9+ daught]1 assur$ t he w "h receive a filial welcome4 ,to 8 surprise1 %e refuses to meet him2 says %e is sick & travel-we>y2 & 8 amaz$ feel+ f9ds v5t 9 an uncontroll$ explosion ( passion3 ,,le>4 ,v5geance6 plague6 dea?6 confusion6-- ,fi]y8 :at quality8 ,:y1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,i'd speak ) ! ,duke ( ,cornwall & 8 wife4 ,,gl\ce/]4 ,well1 my good "l1 ,i h in=m'd !m s4 ,,le>4 ,in=m'd !m6 ,do/ ?\ und]/& me1 man8 ,,gl\ce/]4 ,ay1 my good "l4 ,,le>4 ,! ,k+ w\ld speak ) ,cornwall2 ! de> fa!r ,w\ld ) 8 daught] speak2 comm&s h] s]vice3 ,are !y in=m'd ( ?is8--,my brea? & blood6 ,fi]y8 ! fi]y ,duke8 ,tell ! hot ,duke t-- ,no1 b n yet3 may be he is n well3-- --,k+ ,le>1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #d4 & he !n proce$s to f9d excuses = h] action1 & t ( h] husb&1 ! ,duke ( ,cornwall4 ,!re is h>dly a m pa!tic incid5t 9 a mo/ pa!tic play ?an ?is1 9 :i* ! old man1 pa/ 8 eightie? ye>1 aft] hold+ undisput$ sway ?r\gh 8 long reign1 is at la/ compell$ to temporize4 ,he is ab\t to s5d a message to ! ,duke1 ! "* ( :i* is easily judg$ f 8 previ\s language4 ,if t message is s5t1 ,le> w be alone 9 ! _w4 ,b sudd5ly 8 fe>ful position fla%es ^u him4 ,! ?reat dies ^u 8 lips1 gradually bl5d+ into apology & conciliation4 ,,examples ,,( ,,emotional ,,transitions4 ,if y h te>s1 prep>e to %$ !m n[4 ,y all d "k ?is mantle3 ,i rememb] ,! fir/ "t ev] ,caes> put x on2 ',twas on a summ]'s ev5+1 9 8 t5t1 ,t day he ov]came ! ,n]vii3 ,look1 9 ?is place ran ,cassius' dagg] ?r\gh4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act iii41 ,sc #b4 ,he spoke2 b ,ru/um gaz$1 & gaz$1 & /ood ,spee*less2 & !n he utt]'d "o %>p cry3 8,o boy--?y fa!r60--& 8 voice *ok$ !re4 ,& !n a d>k cl\d pass'd be=e 8 eyes1 ,& 8 head swam1 & he sank d[n to e>?4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 8,f]ood1 & ye1 ,p]sians & ,t>t>s1 he>6 ,let !re be truce betwe5 ! ho/s to-day4 ,b *oose a *ampion f ! ,p]sian lords ,to fight our *ampion ,sohrab1 man to man40 ,z 9 ! c\ntry1 on a morn 9 ,june1 ,:5 ! dew gli/5s on ! pe>ld e>s1 ,a %iv] runs ?r\gh ! deep corn = joy-- ,s1 :5 !y he>d :at ,p]an-,wisa said1 ,a ?rill ?r\gh all ! ,t>t> squadrons ran ,( pride & hope = ,sohrab1 :om !y lov$4 ,b z a troop ( p$dl]s f ,cabool1 ,cross und]nea? ! ,indian ,caucasus1 ,! va/ sky-neighbor+ m\nta9 ( milk sn[2 ,cross+ s high1 t1 z !y m\nt1 !y pass ,long flocks ( travel+ birds dead on ! sn[1 ,*ok$ by ! air1 & sc>ce c !y !mselves ,slake _! p>*'d ?roats ) sug>'d mulb]ries-- ,9 s+le file !y move & /op _! brea?1 ,= fe> !y %\ld dislodge ! o'erhang+ sn[s-- ,s ! pale ,p]sians held _! brea? ) fe>4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,note h[1 aft] ! words1 8:om !y lov$10 ! atmosph]e *anges f t ( joy to t ( dread & scorn--scorn at ! c[>dice ( ! ,p]sians1 & ! dread t ! speak] w\ld sympa!tically feel z he rec\nt$ ! de$4 ,?is too ?\ "k'/1 t :ile ,i /ill be> on ,! conqu]+ ,t>t> ensigns ?r\gh ! _w1 ,& beat ! ,p]sians back on e field1 ,i seek "o man1 "o man1 & "o alone-- ,ru/um1 my fa!r2 :o ,i hop$ %\ld greet1 ,%\ld "o day greet1 ^u "s well-f\ght field1 ,8 n unwor?y1 n +lori\s son4 ,s ,i long hop$1 b him ,i nev] f9d4 ,come !n1 he> n[1 & grant me :at ,i ask4 ,let ! two armies re/ to-day2 b ,i ,w *all5ge =? ! brave/ ,p]sian lords ,to meet me man to man2 if ,i prevail1 ,ru/um w surely he> x2 if ,i fall-- ,old man1 ! dead ne$ no "o1 claim no k94 ,dim is ! rumor ( a common fight1 ,:]e ho/ meets ho/1 & _m names are sunk2 ,b ( a s+le combat fame speaks cle>4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,,/udies ,,9 8,,phases40 ,?is extract f ,t5nyson's ,*>ge ( ! ,heavy ,brigade conta9s five di/9ct phases1 or /rata1 end+ respectively ) ! words1 8fight10 8close10 8!n10 8?\s&s10 & 8,brigade40 ,! trumpet1 ! gallop1 ! *>ge1 & ! might ( ! fight6 ,?\s&s ( horsem5 _h ga!r'd !re on ! height1 ,) a w+ pu%'d out to ! left & a w+ to ! "r1 ,& :o %all escape if !y close8 b he da%'d up alone ,?ro' ! great gray slope ( m51 ,sway'd 8 sab]1 & held 8 own ,l an ,engli%man1 !re & !n2 ,all 9 a mom5t foll['d ) =ce ,?ree t 7 next 9 _! fi]y c\rse1 ,w$g$ !mselves 9 betwe5 horse & horse1 ,f\ght = _! lives 9 ! n>r[ gap !y _h made-- ,f\r amid ?\s&s6 & up ! hill1 up ! hill1 ,gallopt ! gallant ?ree hundr$1 ! ,heavy ,brigade4 ,z :5 a bo> ,or lion mid ! h\nds & huntsm5 /&s1 ,fe>fully /rong1 & fi]ce ( eye1 & !y ,9 squ>e array assault him1 & _! h&s ,fl+ _m a javel92--yet 8 noble he>t ,fe>s n1 nor does he fly1 al?\gh at la/ ,8 c\rage cause 8 dea?2 & (t he turns1 ,& tries _! ranks2 & :]e he makes a ru% ,! rank gives way2--s ,hector mov$ & turn$ ,among ! cr[d1 & bade 8 foll[]s cross ,! tr5*4 --,! ,iliad4 ,hector1 ?\ almo/ ev] *ide/ me ,9 c\ncil1 ev5 :5 ,i judge aright4 ,i "k x ill becomes ! citiz5 ,to speak aga9/ ! way t pleases !e1 ,9 w> or c\ncil1--he %\ld r seek ,to /r5g!n ?y au?ority2 yet n[ ,i w decl>e :at seems to me ! be/3 ,let u n combat ) ! ,greeks1 to take ,_! fleet2 = ?is1 ,i ?9k1 w be ! end1-- ,if n[ ! om5 we h se5 be meant ,= u ( ,troy :o seek to cross ! tr5*2-- ,?is eagle1 fly+ high ^u ! left1 ,betwe5 ! ho/s1 t 9 8 talons bore ,a mon/r\s s]p5t1 ble$+1 yet alive1 ,ha? dropp$ x mid our ho/ be=e he came ,to 8 de> ne/1 nor br\ght x to 8 brood2-- ,s we1 al?\gh by =ce we break ! gates ,& ramp>t1 & al?\gh ! ,greeks fall back1 ,%all n z happily retrace our way2 ,= _m a ,trojan %all we leave beh9d1 ,sla9 by ! weapons ( ! ,greeks1 :o /& ,& fight to save _! fleet4 ,?us w ! se]1 ,skill$ 9 ! lore ( prodigies1 expla9 ,! port5t1 & ! p w obey4 --,! ,iliad4 ,& ?us ,k+ ,priam supplicat+ spake3-- 8,?9k ( ?y fa!r1 an old man l me1 ,godlike ,a*illes6 ,on ! dre>y v]ge ,( clos+ life he /&s1 & ev5 n[ ,haply is fi]cely press$ by ^? :o dwell ,ar\nd him1 & has none to %ield 8 age ,f w> & its disa/]s4 ,yet 8 he>t ,rejoices :5 he he>s t ?\ do/ live1 ,& e day he hopes t 8 de> son ,w come aga9 f ,troy4 ,my lot is h>d1 ,= ,i 0 fa!r ( ! brave/ sons ,9 all wide ,troy1 & none are left me n[4 ,fifty 7 ) me :5 ! m5 ( ,greece ,arriv$ ^u our coa/2 n9ete5 ( ^! ,own$ ! same "m1 & ! re/ 7 born ,)9 my palaces4 ,remorseless ,m>s ,already _h laid lifeless mo/ ( ^!1 ,& ,hector1 :om ,i *]i%$ mo/1 ^: arm ,def5d$ bo? our city & ourselves1 ,him did/ ?\ lately slay :ile combat+ ,= 8 de> c\ntry4 ,= 8 sake ,i come ,to ! ,greek fleet1 & to r$eem 8 corse ,i br+ unc\nt$ ransom4 ,o rev]e ,! gods1 ,a*illes1 & be m]ciful1 ,call+ to m9d ?y fa!r6 happi] he ,?an ,i2 = ,i h borne :at no man else ,t dwells on e>? c\ld be>1--h laid my lips ,^u ! h& ( him :o slew my son40 ,he spake3 ,a*illes sorr[fully ?\ght ,( 8 own fa!r4 ,by ! h& he took ,! suppliant1 & ) g5tle =ce remov$ ,! old man f him4 ,bo? 9 memory ,( ^? !y lov$ 7 weep+4 ,! old k+1 ,) _m te>s1 & roll+ 9 ! du/ ,be=e ,a*illes1 m\rn$ 8 gallant son4 ,a*illes sorr[$ = 8 fa!r's sake1 ,& !n bewail$ ,patroclus1 & ! s\nd ,( lam5tation fill$ ! t5t4 ,at la/ ,a*illes1 :5 he felt 8 he>t reliev$ ,by te>s1 & t /rong grief _h sp5t its =ce1 ,sprang f 8 seat2 !n lift+ by ! h& ,! ag$ man1 & pity+ 8 :ite head ,& 8 :ite *91 he spake ^! w+d words3 --,! ,iliad4 ,x is especially 9 ! read+ ( description t ! /udy ( values w prove mo/ b5eficial4 ,!re are v few read]s :o c make description int]e/+1 & _! failure is 9 mo/ cases due to ! monotony aris+ f _! inability to p]ceive & make palpable ! diff]5t values4 ,! reply ( ,a*illes to ,priam becomes mo/ int]e/+ read+ :5 values are c>efully obs]v$4 ,great h ?y suff]+s be51 unhappy k+6 ,h[ c\ld/ ?\ v5ture to approa* alone ,! ,grecian fleet1 & %[ ?yself to him ,:o slew s _m ( ?y valiant sons8 ,an iron he>t is ?9e4 ,b seat ?yself1 ,& let u1 ?\gh afflict$ griev\sly1 ,all[ our woes to sleep a:ile1 = grief ,indulg$ c br+ no good4 ,! gods orda9 ,! lot ( man to suff]1 :ile !mselves ,are free f c>e4 ,beside ,jove's ?re%old /& ,two casks ( gifts = man4 ,"o cask conta9s ,! evil1 "o ! good1 & he to :om ,! ,?und]] gives !m m+l$ sometimes falls ,into mis=tune1 & is sometimes cr[n$ ,) bless+s4 ,b ! man to :om he gives ,! evil only /&s a m>k expos$ ,to wrong1 &1 *as$ by grim calamity1 ,w&]s ! teem+ e>?1 alike unlov$ ,by gods & man4 ,s did ! gods be/[ ,munific5t gifts on ,peleus f 8 bir?1 ,= em95t 0 he among mank9d ,= weal? & pl5ty2 o'er ! ,myrmidons ,he rul$1 &1 ?\gh a mortal1 he 0 giv5 ,a goddess = a wife4 ,yet did ! gods ,add evil to ! good1 = n to him ,0 born a family ( k+ly sons ,)9 8 h\se1 successors to reign4 ,"o %ort-liv$ son is 81 nor am ,i !re ,to *]i% him 9 8 old age2 b "h ,d ,i rema91 f> f my native l&1 ,9 ,troy1 & caus+ grief to !e & ?9e4 ,( !e1 too1 ag$ k+1 !y speak1 z "o ,^: weal? 0 l>ge 9 =m] days1 :5 all ,t ,lesbos1 seat ( ,mac>1 owns 0 ?9e4 ,& all 9 ,phrygia & ! %ores t b\nd ,! ,hellespont2 m5 said ?\ did/ excel ,all o!rs 9 ?y ri*es & ?y sons4 ,b s9ce ! gods h br\ght ?is /rife on !e ,w> & p]petual slaught] ( brave m5 ,are r\nd ?y city4 ,yet be firm ( he>t1 ,nor grieve =ev]4 ,sorr[ = ?y son ,w pr(it n\ght2 x _c br+ ! dead ,to life aga91 & :ile ?\ do/ afflict ,?yself = him fre% woes may fall on !e4 --,! ,iliad4 ,! subject may be pres5t$ to ! class some:at 9 ! mann] ( ! foll[+ lesson3 ,suppose y 7 v busy /udy+ y\r read+ lesson1 & y 7 j ab\t to read al\d a s5t5ce l ?is3 ,!re's a good "t com+1 boys1 ,a good "t com+6 ,b :5 y came to ! second 8good10 let u suppose somebody knocks at ! door & y say1 8,come 940 ,:at has happ5$ 9 y\r read+8 ,y h brok5 (f "o ?\ght sudd5ly & ano!r has come 9 its place4 ,let u see h[ su* a s5t5ce w\ld look3 ,!re's a good "t com+1 boys1 ,a good--,come 94 ,n[1 :at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is s5t5ce & ^? we /udi$ 9 our la/ lesson8 ,x is ?is3 ,9 ! =m] lesson ! new ?\ght t 0 ?r[n 9 0 really a "p ( ! pr9cipal ?\ght2 b 9 ?is ! new ?\ght has no connection ) ! pr9cipal idea4 ,9 ! previ\s lesson ! gr\p t 0 ?r[n 9 0 a k9d ( explanation2 9 ?is lesson1 ! fir/ picture is driv5 entirely out ( m9d by ! second4 ,breaks 9 ! ?\ght are ( _m k9ds1 & x is v necess>y t y %\ld be on ! look-out = !m4 ,"h is an example ( a k9d y w f9d q (t53 8,halt60 ,! du/-br[n ranks /ood fa/4 8,fire60 out blaz$ ! rifle-bla/4 ,! words 8halt0 & 8fire0 are comm&s giv5 by ! g5]al2 ! s5t5ce t foll[s ea* ( ^! words tells u :at happ5$ aft] ! comm&s 7 giv54 ,ano!r k9d ( break is f\nd 9 ^? selections 9 :i* !re are two or m p]sons speak+4 ,z 9 ?is3 8,frank said1 #8,w y g to s*ool ) me8' & 8 bro!r said1 #8,no1 ,i don't l x4' #8,n l s*ool8' repli$ ,frank1 :o 0 v mu* surpris$1 #8,i w\ld r g !re ?an any:]e ,i "k4'0 ,y c see pla9ly t !re is a break :5 ! read] *anges f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,! la/ k9d ( break we %all speak ab\t 9 ?is lesson is t :i* occurs betwe5 ! /anzas ( a poem or betwe5 ! p>agraphs ( a prose selection4 ,i ne$ n give any examples "h1 = y w f9d !m on e page ( y\r read]4 ,all ,i ne$ d is tell y t ! new p>agraph or ! new /anza g5]ally beg9s ) a new ?\ght4 ,s y mu/ be sure to get t new ?\ght1 & hold x well 9 m9d1 be=e y try to express x4 ,9 clos+ ?is lesson ,i want to %[ y t y may le>n h[ to read su* examples z we h _h1 if y w b be c>eful4 ,y mu/ be sure to get ea* new picture be=e y utt] a ^w4 ,take ! fir/ example4 ,y h read ! fir/ l9e1 8,!re's a good "t com+1 boys10 & y are j ab\t to repeat x4 ,n[ ?9k :at y are go+ to say1 & j z y come to ! ^w 8good10 imag9e y he> a knock+1 & say1 8,come 940 ,if y w only ?9k :at ! words mean & see ! picture1 !re w be no tr\ble ab\t read+ ! example well4 ,a few examples = class use are app5d$4 ,! tea*] may easily inv5t suitable contexts3 ,my s]vant-boy1 ) a res]ve gun1 0 t5 or twelve y>ds (f--a long way at su* a mom5t4 ,x w\ld make ! read] pity me to le>n t1 aft] hav+ labor$ h>d1 ,i c\ld n make above two l>ge e>!n1 ugly ?+s 7,i c n call !m j>s7 9 ab\t two mon?s' labor4 ,! te> w />t1 & let x fl[2 ,?\ 8poor ,inhabitant bel[10 ,at ?is dread mom5t1--ev5 s-- ,might we toge!r ,h sate & talk$ :]e g[ans bl[1 ,or on wild hea!r4 ,9 ! above1 ,wordswor? lam5ts t ! dea? ( ,burns %\ld h depriv$ !m ( ! joy ( communion4 ,note ! =ce ( ! semicolon aft] 8fl[10 & ! pa?os ( 8ev5 s40 ,! foll[+ l9es are f ! same poem3 ,too frail to keep ! l(ty v[ ,t mu/ h foll[$ :5 8 br[ ,0 wrea!d--8,! ,vision0 tells u h[-- ,) holly spray1 ,he falt]$1 drift$ to & fro1 ,& pass$ away4 ,n[1 :5 ! ,h>e came to ! top ( ! field1 ! ,h$gehog cri$ out1 8,hallo6 "h ,i am4 ,:]e h y be5 all ?is :ile80 ,b ! ,h>e 0 out ( 8 wits1 & cri$ out1 8,once m--turn ab\t1 & away60 8,by all means10 answ]$ ! ,h$gehog2 8= my "p1 z (t5 z y please40 ,"y ,h>ry 0 a lu/y drov]-- ,& :o s /\t ( limb z he8 ,8 *eeks 7 r$ z ruddy clov]2 ,8 voice 0 l ! voice ( ?ree4 ,old ,goody ,blake 0 old & poor2 ,ill-f$ %e 01 & ?9ly clad2 ,& any man :o pass$ h] door ,might see h[ poor a hut %e _h4 ,!re is a *ange ( feel+ 9 almo/ e /anza ( ! foll[+ poem4 ,if ! pupils c grasp its mean+ x w be an excell5t ex]cise 9 tra9+ !m to p]ceive ! relative values4 ,x may be well to delay ! /udy ( ?is selection until aft] ! pr9ciple ( ! next two *apt]s has be5 ?or\ghly grasp$ & put into practice3 ,on ,l9d51 :5 ! sun 0 l[1 ,all bloodless lay ?' untrodd5 sn[1 ,& d>k z w9t] 0 ! fl[ ,( ,is]1 roll+ rapidly4 ,b ,l9d5 saw ano!r sight1 ,:5 ! drum beat at dead ( night1 ,comm&+ fires ( dea? to light ,! d>kness ( h] sc5]y4 ,by tor* & trumpet fa/ array$1 ,ea* horseman drew 8 battle-blade1 ,& furi\s e *>g] neigh$1 ,to jo9 ! dreadful revelry4 ,!n %ook ! hills1 ) ?und] riv52 ,!n ru%$ ! /e$1 to battle driv52 ,&1 l\d] ?an ! bolts ( heav51 ,f> fla%$ ! r$ artill]y4 ,b r$d] yet t light %all gl[ ,on ,l9d5's hills ( /a9d sn[1 ,& bloodi] yet ! torr5t fl[ ,( ,is]1 roll+ rapidly4 ',tis morn1 b sc>ce yon lurid sun ,c pi]ce ! w>-cl\ds1 roll+ dun1 ,:]e furi\s ,frank & fi]y ,hun ,%\t 9 _! sulph'r\s canopy4 ,! combat deep5s4 ,on1 ye brave1 ,:o ru% to glory or ! grave6 ,wave1 ,muni*6 all ?y bann]s wave1 ,& *>ge ) all ?y *ivalry6 ,few1 few %all "p :]e _m meet6 ,! sn[ %all be _! w9d+-%eet1 ,& e turf b5ea? _! feet ,%all be a soldi]'s sepul*]4 --,hoh5l9d54 ,,campbell4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,emotion ,tea*+ *ildr5 to read ) feel+ is "o ( ! mo/ difficult tasks fall+ to ! lot ( ! tea*]1 & yet x is "o t has1 if successfully accompli%$1 f>-rea*+ results4 ,=1 ap>t f ! legitimate developm5t ( emotion1 x enl>ges _! sympa?y & lays ! f\ndation = a g5u9e love ( lit]ature4 ,we mu/ confess t emotional expression is r>ely f\nd 9 our public s*ools4 ,x w\ld avail little to discuss ! causes ( ?is condition 9 detail4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all try to discov] a rem$y4 ,emotion 9 read+ comes l>gely ?r\gh ! imag9ation4 ,unless ! m9d conceives ! ?\ght1 h[ c ! n]ves ?rill & t+le8 ,x is = ?is t we ne$ tea*]s :o are !mselves lov]s ( ! beautiful1 sublime1 t5d]1 9 ord] t !y may imp>t _! appreciation & feel+ to _! classes4 ,emotion is cat*+1 & s is ! abs5ce ( x6 ,"t1 "t1 "t1 is "h ! great ne$4 ,x takes "t to ?9k2 "t = ! picture to come =? 9 its fulness out ( subconsci\sness4 ,is n imag9ation ! basis ( lit]>y int]pretation1 ( hi/orical /udy1 yes1 ev5 ( ma!matics & sci5ce8 ,! "t sp5t on ! developm5t ( imag9ation & emotion 9 ! read+ lesson w %[ its results 9 e o!r /udy4 ,if1 !n1 ! tea*] w\ld get ! "r emotion1 he mu/ see to x t ! *ild has ! prop] & adequate /imulus4 ,appeal to 8 ev]yday exp]i5ce & make t s]ve z an introduction to ! new exp]i5ce ( ! poem4 ,let u suppose we are speak+ to ! *ildr53 ,if y\r class 7 to h a conte/ ) ano!r class1 let u say 9 spell+1 & y\r class 7 to come out victori\s1 y w\ld1 no d\bt1 feel v joyful ov] ! result4 ,n[1 let u suppose t aft] ! victory "o ( ! memb]s ( ! class %\ld get up on 8 seat & wave 8 h& above 8 head1 cry+3 8,?ree *e]s = our class60 ,w\ld !re be any diff]5ce betwe5 ! way 9 :i* he spoke ^? words & ! way 9 :i* he w\ld read ! same words if !y came 9 a s5t5ce l ?is3 8,if we w9 ,i %all give ?ree *e]s = our class08 ,( c\rse1 y w see at once t !re w\ld be a great deal ( diff]5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he w\ld be v joyful1 & p]haps excit$1 & ?is joy & excitem5t w\ld get into 8 voice1 & he w\ld call out1 8,?ree *e]s = our class10 ) a great deal ( feel+1 or emotion2 & ev]ybody w\ld see at once j h[ exultant he 04 ,n[1 :at is x t causes t feel+1 or emotion8 ,i d n ?9k t !re w be mu* difficulty 9 answ]+ ?is "q4 ,he 0 v mu* excit$ be=e ! spell+ conte/ came (f1 & n[ t x has be5 decid$ 9 y\r favor !re is a feel+ ( great joy t comes ov] ! :ole body1 & x is almo/ impossible to keep back ! expression ( t joy4 ,9 o!r words1 he has be5 /rongly mov$4 ,i want to impress n[ ^u y t z y g on ) y\r /udy ( read+1 y w f9d t !re is a great deal ( emotion 9 _m ( ! passages y w be call$ ^u to read1 & ! only way to discov] :at ! emotion is1 mu/ be by gett+ a v cle> picture4 ,b rememb] t ! picture itself is n v likely to move y unless y ent] into ! _s ( ! picture j z y ent]$ into ! _s ( ! spell+ conte/4 ,d y see my mean+8 ,"o might say ! words1 8,?ree *e]s = our class10 & n express v mu* emotion4 ,"o might ev5 h a v cle> picture ( ! :ole spell+ mat*1 & yet n be v mu* mov$4 ,b if y w close y\r eyes & let ! picture get hold ( y1 ,i ?9k !re w be no tr\ble ab\t ! emotion4 ,let me see :e!r ,i c make cle> to y :at ,i mean by lett+ ! picture get hold ( y4 ,suppose we take ?is l9e f a well-kn[n spee*1 8,wolsey on ,8 ,fall30--8,f>ewell1 a long f>ewell to all my greatness60 ,:o speaks ^? words8 is ! fir/ "q4 ,! answ] is3 ,an old man :o has be5 = _m ye>s "o ( ! lead+ m5 9 ! c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,he has us$ e ef=t to ga9 great p[]1 & has =gott5 8 ,god1 & n[ at la/ ! k+ has ca/ him (f4 ,j aft] ,wolsey has be5 in=m$ ( 8 loss ( p[]1 he utt]s ! words quot$ above4 ,j ?9k h[ mu* ^! words mean to ?is poor man4 ,?9k h[ mu* he mu/ suff]1 & !n try to feel z mu* z y c :at x w\ld mean to y if ev]y?+ y _h hop$ = & /ruggl$ = 7 to be tak5 away f y4 ,( c\rse1 ,i "k t y h n be5 s ambiti\s z ,wolsey1 b yet ,i ?9k y w h no tr\ble 9 imag9+ j h[ y w\ld feel if ev]y?+ y c>$ = 7 to be tak5 away f y4 ,well1 ?is is all t y ne$ feel 9 ord] to read ) emotion ! l9es ( ,wolsey4 ,j ?9k ?is ov] = a few m9utes1 & !n see h[ mu* regret y c feel z y utt] ^! words4 ,be sure t y get ! mean+ ( ! words2 be sure y get hold ( ! picture2 try to imag9e j h[ y w\ld feel if y 7 v deeply disappo9t$1 & !n utt] ! words ( ,wolsey4 ,?is1 !n1 is :at ,i mean by tell+ y to let ! picture get hold ( y4 ,:5 y 7 exultant ov] ! result ( ! spell+ conte/1 joy possess$ y4 ,:5 ,wolsey le>n$ ( 8 fall1 sorr[ & remorse possess$ him4 ,s ) all emotions4 ,y mu/ ?9k ov] ! :ole /ory2 y mu/ ?9k ov] all ! ev5ts connect$ ) x until y really feel some:at z ! speak] felt ^: words y are read+4 ,!n !re w be no tr\ble ab\t ! expression4 ,! tea*] w obs]ve t ! two illu/rations are *os5 f two di/9ct fields3 "o ne> to ! *ild's exp]i5ce1 ! o!r f> remov$ f x4 ,x is fur!r obs]v$ t bo? are direct disc\rse r ?an description4 ,x seems ! be/ plan to beg9 ! def9ite /udy ( emotional expression by us+ extracts 9 :i* ! pupil uses direct r ?an indirect disc\rse4 ,! reason = ?is is t x is f> m difficult to read1 ) expression1 a passage ( description 9 :i* ! pupil w\ld be expect$ to put emotion1 ?an a piece ( direct quotation4 ,= in/ance1 is x n easi] = a *ild to ent] into ! _s ( ! fir/ ( ! foll[+ /anzas ?an into t ( ! second1 grant+ ev5 t x is difficult to conceive ! angui% ( ! fa!r8 ,! fa!r came on deck4 ,he gasp$1 8,o ,god6 ?y w be done60 ,!n sudd5ly a rifle grasp$1 ,& aim$ x at 8 son3 8,jump--f>-out1 boy1 into ! wave6 ,jump1 or ,i fire60 he said2 8,t only *ance y\r life c save6 ,jump6 jump6 boy60 ,he obey$4 ,he sank--he rose--he liv$--he mov$1 ,& = ! %ip /ruck out3 ,on bo>d we hail$ ! lad belov$1 ,) _m a manly %\t4 ,8 fa!r drew1 9 sil5t joy1 ,^? wet arms r\nd 8 neck1 ,& fold$ to 8 he>t 8 boy-- ,!n fa9t$ on ! deck4 ,9 ! second place1 ! reason = *oos+ selections 9 :i* ! emotion is ak9 to ^? ( ! *ild's own exp]i5ce mu/ be cle>4 ,h[ _m pupils t5 or elev5 ye>s old c be expect$ to ent] into ! _s ( ,:itti]'s ,! ,b>efoot ,boy8 ,bless+s on !e1 little man-- ,b>efoot boy1 ) *eek ( tan6 ,) ?y turn$-up pantaloons1 ,& ?y m]ry :i/l$ tunes2 ,) ?y r$ lip1 r$d] /ill1 ,kiss$ by /rawb]ries on ! hill2 ,) ! sun%9e on ?y face1 ,?r\gh ?y torn brim's jaunty grace2 ,f my he>t ,i give !e joy6 ,i 0 once a b>efoot boy6 ,x is only to disc\rage him1 to ask him to feel l an adult :o looks back ^u ! joys ( boyhood4 ,"o he>s ?is selection read 9 an affect$ voice & mann]1 :]e x is cle> t ! *ild is simply try+ to imitate 8 tea*]4 ,b su* exp]i5ces simply g to prove ! cont5tion t *ildr5 %\ld n be call$ ^u to repres5t emotions f> remov$ f _! own exp]i5ce4 ,b h[ %all we get our pupils to express emotions beyond _! exp]i5ce8 ,! answ] is3 ! tea*] %\ld /rive to f9d ^? exp]i5ces 9 ! *ild's life t are simil> to ^? ( ! selection to be read4 ,we h %[n h[ ?is might be done 9 ! l9e f ,wolsey's spee*4 ,! *ild has exp]i5c$ regret2 let u make use ( ?is exp]i5ce to get him to feel some?+ ( ,wolsey's feel+4 ,aga9 7& ?is applies l>gely to advanc$ classes71 x is by no means necess>y t ! pupil %\ld ev] h come into contact ) ! picture t /irs ! writ]1 9 ord] to repres5t ! latt]'s feel+s4 ,x is ! joy t ! lov] ( nature feels t f9ds expression 9 ^! l9es3 ,h[ ! rob9 fe$s h] "y1 ,h[ ! oriole's ne/ is hung2 ,:]e ! :ite/ lilies bl[1 ,:]e ! fre%e/ b]ries gr[1 ,:]e ! gr\nd-nut trails its v9e2 ,:]e ! wood-grape's clu/]s %9e2 ,( ! black wasp's cunn+ way1 ,mason ( 8 walls ( clay4 --,! ,b>efoot ,boy4 ,,:itti]4 ,b h[ c we get ! true expression f "o :o kn[s no?+ ( ! joy we take 9 contemplat+ ! pictures ( ?is /anza8 ,by rem9d+ him t our joy is n f> diff]5t f 8 :5 rejoic+ 9 a beautiful book1 a lucky hit at baseball1 or a pretty ,*ri/mas gift4 ,let u rememb] t x is n en\gh t he %all get ! pictures3 he mu/ get ! joy4 ,& if he _c get ! joy f ! pictures ( ! poet1 he mu/ get x f ! memory ( 8 own pa/ joy1 no matt] "u :at circum/ances4 ,x is simply a "q ( transf]r+ 8 own pa/ emotion to ! pres5t mom5t4 ,summ>iz$1 our po9ts are3 ,fir/1 *oose emotions ne> to ! *ild's exp]i5ce4 ,second1 transf] 8 pa/ exp]i5ces & emotions to ! p>ticul> poem or /anza to be read4 ,?ird1 use direct disc\rse1 9 drill "w1 z f> z possible4 ,p]haps x w\ld n be advisable to use selections 9 our read+ lessons t call = an extremely difficult ex]cise ( imag9ation on ! "p ( ! *ild1 b s9ce ^! selections are f\nd 9 our read+ books x is well to "k h[ to d ! be/ possible "u ! circum/ances4 ,! mo/ important po9t ( all is t *ildr5 mu/ be br\ght into contact ) nature4 ,we _c expect !m to delight 9 a description ( a sunset1 or a rob9's ne/1 or a bun* ( pansies1 :5 !y h nev] delight$ 9 sunsets1 or rob9s' ne/s or pansies4 ,:5 _! e>ly tra9+ is wise !y w n ne$ to transf] _! emotions f ano!r realm to read ) true expression4 ,we are n[ to ent] ! m complex realm ( expression1 9 :i* ! emotion is m int5se1 & in/ead ( be+ a s+le emotion is a bl5d+ ( _m4 ,take1 = example1 ! trial sc5e f ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4 ,!re are _m spee*es ( ,%ylock t might illu/rate our po9t1 & we %all take ! fir/ t pres5ts itself4 ,! ,duke ( ,v5ice has be5 urg+ ,%ylock to ab&on 8 suit1 :]eupon ! latt] replies3 ,i h possess$ y\r grace ( :at ,i purpose2 ,& by our holy ,sabba? h ,i sworn1 ,to h ! due & =feit ( my bond4 ,:at emotions does ,%ylock portray8 ,!re is ! emotion ( hatr$ ( ,antonio & ! feel+ ( ob/9acy2 & !re is1 fur!r1 ! s5se ( wrong t has be5 heap$ ^u 8 race 9 g5]al1 & himself 9 p>ticul>4 ,x w\ld be useless to discuss h[ f> ea* ( ^! elem5ts is an emotion4 ,x is suffici5t = our purpose to h %[n t ^! ?ree m5tal conditions are pres5t virtually at "o "t 9 ! bra9 ( ! speak]4 ,n[1 if any "o ( ^! elem5ts 7to say no?+ ( o!rs t might be m5tion$7 is omitt$1 ! *>act]ization w lack tru?fulness4 ,!re is ano!r elem5t 9 complexity ( expression t ne$s a mom5t's att5tion4 ,! emotion itself may be a simple "o1 b ! "* we aim to repres5t may be s f> remov$ f our own t "o mu/ assume or take on _m attributes4 ,= in/ance1 if "o 7 portray+ old ,adam 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 he w\ld be compell$ to manife/ ! weakness ( old age 9 body & voice4 ,n[1 :5 ! old man says1 8,de> ma/]1 ,i c g no fur!r2 ,o1 ,i die = food10 x is n suffici5t = ! read] to portray simply ! pa?os ( ! l9e1 b 8 expression becomes m complex 9 s f> z x mu/ manife/ bo? ! pa?os & ! weakness4 ,9 prep>+ to pres5t ! emotions 9 ! foll[+ extracts x is well = ! /ud5t to /udy c>efully ! nature ( ! ?\ght1 ! emotion1 & ! "* sep>ately1 & conceive ea* ( ! simpl] emotional elem5ts by itself4 ,if he is repres5t+1 let u say1 pa?os & dignity1 let him hold dignity be=e 8 m9d until ! :ole be+ responds2 !n let him conceive pa?os by itself2 &1 f9ally1 let him conceive pa?os & dignity1 & endeavor to pres5t !m4 ,?is process w n be necess>y 9 all cases2 = !re are ^? :o c conceive ^! m complex conditions ) "o ef=t1 z x 74 ,b unless ! /ud5t has ?is ability1 ! prec$+ process %\ld be foll[$4 ,& ev5 :5 a /ud5t has ! necess>y ability to conceive ! complete expression at once1 he is v likely to lose "s ( :at might be call$ ! +r$i5ts ( a composite emotion4 ,= in/ance1 9 repres5t+ ! /rong language ( "o :o might be said nev] to lose 8 ang]1 ! /ud5t :o is p>ticul>ly *ol]ic by nature is v likely to =get ! dignity ( ! "*4 ,he may be rem9d$ ( 8 error by recall+ dignity to 8 m9d1 & at once ! natural temp]am5t ( ! speak] w be modifi$ by ! new /imulus4 ,x might also be well to consid] "h ano!r reason = ! practice ( ^! illu/rations4 ,_m /ud5ts are temp]am5tally re/rict$ & %y1 & o!rs h become s ?r\gh tra9+ & environm5t4 ,be=e ^! c hope to become effective read]s !re mu/ be a c]ta9 am\nt ( g5u9e ab&on4 ,h5ce1 ev5 if a /ud5t may nev] h any use = ! ability to imp]sonate1 ! practice "h recomm5d$ w prove to be "o ( ! be/1 sure/1 & quicke/ me?ods ( br++ him out ( himself4 ,! ab&on ?us ga9$ w /& him 9 good /ead 9 any ef=t he may be call$ ^u to make z a public speak]4 ,let x be rememb]$ t niceties ( =m are n to be expect$ = a long "t4 ,if ! /ud5t's ab&on is develop$1 t is all t %\ld be expect$4 ,9 ! foll[+ spee* ! /ud5t mu/ nev] =get t ,o!llo is a w>rior1 "o accu/om$ to comm&1 & ( l>ge he>t4 ,8 dignity1 !re=e1 mu/ be manife/ ?r\gh\t ! address3 ,mo/ pot5t1 grave1 & rev]5d signiors1 ,my v noble & approv'd good ma/]s1-- ,t ,i h ta'en away ?is old man's daught]1 ,x is mo/ true2 true1 ,i h m>ri$ h]2 ,! v head & front ( my (f5d+ ,ha? ?is ext5t1 no m4 ,rude am ,i 9 my spee*1 ,& little bless'd ) ! s(t phrase ( peace2 ,=1 s9ce ^! arms ( m9e _h sev5 ye>s' pi?1 ,till n[ "s n9e moons wa/$1 !y h us$ ,_! de>e/ action 9 ! t5t$ field2 ,& little ( ?is great _w c ,i speak1 ,m ?an p]ta9s to feats ( broil & battle1 ,& !re=e little %all ,i grace my cause ,9 speak+ = myself4 ,yet1 by y\r graci\s pati5ce1 ,i w a r\nd unv>ni%$ tale deliv] ,( my :ole c\rse ( love2 :at drugs1 :at *>ms1 ,:at conjuration1 & :at mighty magic1 7,= su* proce$+ ,i am *>g'd )al17 ,i won 8 daught] )4 ,h] fa!r lov'd me2 (t invit$ me2 ,/ill "q'd me ! /ory ( my life1 ,f ye> to ye>2 ! battles1 sieges1 =tunes1 ,t ,i h pass$4 ,i ran x ?r\gh1 ev5 f my boyi% days1 ,to ! v mom5t t he bade me tell x3 ,:]e9 ,i spake ( mo/ disa/r\s *ances1 ,( mov+ accid5ts by flood & field1 ,( hair-bread? 'scapes i' ! imm95t deadly brea*2 ,( be+ tak5 by ! insol5t foe1 ,& sold to slav]y2 ( my r$emption !nce1 ,& portance 9 my travel's hi/ory4-- --,o!llo1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #c4 ,ano!r excell5t extract = practice is ! foll[+ spee* ( ,cassius f ! fir/ act ( ,julius ,caes>4 ,note ! dignity1 ! s>casm1 ! ridicule1 ! contempt1 & ! s5se ( triumph3 ,i _c tell :at y & o!r m5 ,?9k ( ?is life2 b1 = my s+le self1 ,i _h z lief n be1 z live to be ,9 awe ( su* a ?+ z ,i myself4 ,i 0 born z free z ,caes>2 s 7 y3 ,we bo? h f$ z well1 & we c bo? ,endure ! w9t]'s cold z well z he3 ,= once ^u a raw & gu/y day1 ,! tr\bl$ ,tib] *af+ ) h] %ores1 ,caes> said to me1 8,d>e/ ?\1 ,cassius1 n[ ,leap 9 ) me into ?is angry flood1 ,& swim to yond] po9t80 ,^u ! ^w1 ,acc\tr$ z ,i 01 ,i plungd 91 ,& bade him foll[2 s inde$ he did4 ,! torr5t ro>$1 & we did buffet x ,) lu/y s9ews1 ?r[+ x aside ,& /emm+ x ) he>ts ( controv]sy2 ,b ere we c\ld arrive ! po9t propos$1 ,caes> cri$1 8,help me1 ,cassius1 or ,i s9k60 ,i1 z neas1 our great ance/or1 ,did f ! flames ( ,troy ^u 8 %\ld] ,! old ,an*ises be>1 s f ! waves ( ,tib] ,did ,i ! tird ,caes>4 ,& ?is man ,is n[ become a god1 & ,cassius is ,a wret*$ creature1 & mu/ b5d 8 body1 ,if ,caes> c>elessly b nod on him4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,^! spee*es ( ,cassio 9 ,o!llo %[ remorse1 self-contempt1 ) ang] & regret3 ,,cassio4 ,reputation1 reputation1 reputation6 ,oh6 ,i h lo/ my reputation4 ,i h lo/ ! immortal "p ( myself1 & :at rema9s is be/ial4 ,my reputation1 ,iago1 my reputation6 ,,iago4 ,z ,i am an hone/ man1 ,i ?\ght y _h receiv$ "s bodily w\nd2 !re is m s5se 9 t ?an 9 reputation4 ,reputation is an idle & mo/ false imposition2 (t got )\t m]it1 & lo/ )\t des]v+3 y h lo/ no reputation at all1 unless y repute y\rself su* a los]4 ,:at1 man6 !re are ways to recov] ! g5]al aga93 y are b n[ ca/ 9 8 mood1 a puni%m5t m 9 policy ?an 9 malice2 ev5 s z "o w\ld beat 8 (f5seless dog1 to affright an imp]i\s lion4 ,sue to him aga91 & he's y\rs4 ,,cassio4 ,i w r sue to be despis$1 ?an to deceive s good a comm&] ) s slight1 s drunk51 & s indiscreet an (fic]4 ,drunk8 & speak p>rot8 & squabble8 swagg]8 swe>1 & disc\rse fu/ian ) "o's own %ad[8 ,o ?\ invisible _s ( w9e6 if ?\ ha/ no "n to be kn[n by1 let u call !e devil4 ,,iago4 ,:at 0 he t y foll[$ ) y\r sword8 ,:at _h he done to y8 ,,cassio4 ,i "k n4 ,,iago4 ,is't possible8 ,,cassio4 ,i rememb] a mass ( ?+s1 b no?+ di/9ctly2 a qu>rel1 b no?+ :]e=e4 ,o ,god1 t m5 %\ld put an enemy 9 _! m\?s1 to /eal away _! bra9s6 t we %\ld1 ) joy1 pleasance1 revel1 & applause1 trans=m ourselves into bea/s6 ,,iago4 ,:y1 b y are n[ well en\gh3 h[ came y ?us recov]$8 ,,cassio4 ,x has pleas$ ! devil drunk5ness1 to give place to ! devil wra?3 "o unp]fectness %[s me ano!r1 to make me frankly despise myself4 ,,iago4 ,come1 y are too sev]e a moral]4 ,z ! "t1 ! place1 & ! condition ( ?is c\ntry /&s1 ,i c\ld he>tily wi% ?is _h n befall52 b1 s9ce x is z x is1 m5d x = y\r own good4 ,,cassio4 ,i w ask him = my place aga93 he %all tell me1 ,i am a drunk>d4 ,_h ,i z _m m\?s z ,hydra1 su* an answ] w\ld /op !m all4 ,to be n[ a s5sible man1 by-&-by a fool1 & pres5tly a bea/6 ,o1 /range6 ,e inord9ate cup is unbless$1 & ! +r$i5t is a devil4--,o!llo1 ,act ii41 ,sc4 #c4 ,9 conclusion1 beg9 ) simple emotions4 ,d n ask ! y\ng] pupils to repres5t int5se pa?os1 great solemnity1 & ! l4 ,res]ve ^! = ! upp] grades ( ! high s*ool4 ,aga91 avoid ! bas] emotions1 su* z ang]1 hate1 jeal\sy4 ,"t does n p]mit u to enl>ge on ?is1 b ! :ole tr5d ( ! be/ psy*ology is 9 favor ( ?is admonition4 ,select extracts 9 :i* ! *>act]s manife/ simple1 noble1 inspir+1 & uplift+ feel+4 ,patriotism1 self-sacrifice1 love ( nature1 ^! are ! !mes ) :i* ! imag9ation ( ! pupils %\ld come into contact4 ,! tea*] is he>tily advis$ to ga!r a doz5 or m extracts & spee*es 7f ?is book & else:]e7 "u ?ree or f\r significant heads1 su* z patriotism1 love ( nature1 etc41 & to keep ! class at ea* phase until def9ite results are atta9$4 ,!re is no hesitation 9 deprecat+ ! me?od t compels tea*]s to tea* any lesson simply because x foll[s1 num]ically1 ! prec$+ lesson4 ,! prop] me?od is h9t$ at else:]e4 ,a few words are n[ add$ to ju/ify t me?od4 ,9 _m read]s !re may be two patriotic selections2 "o at ! beg9n+1 "o at ! end4 ,probably a ye> w int]v5e betwe5 ^! two4 ,is x n good p$agogy to take up ^! lessons 9 succession8 ,to keep ! pupils 9 a patriotic mood = five consecutive days mu/ be c]ta9ly productive ( bett] results ?an c be obta9$ by ! o!r me?od ( ,lesson ,i1 ,lesson ,,ii1 ,lesson ,,iii4 ,s also ) o!r emotions4 ,:5 a c]ta9 emotion is pres5t 9 only "o or two p>agraphs ( a selection1 only ^? p>agraphs ne$1 ( c\rse1 to be prep>$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,atmosph]e ,?is elem5t ( expression1 p]haps m ?an any o!r1 manife/s ! arti/ic nature ( ! read]2 arti/ic1 inasmu* z ! atmosph]e1 or vocal color1 %[s ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! read] to s5se /imuli2 %[s t he is mov$ by ! contemplation ( ! beautiful1 ! sublime1 ! t5d]1 ! pa!tic4 ,?is elem5t is call$ by diff]5t names1 b p]haps none is m significant ?an ,atmosph]e4 ,?is effect is n easy to describe1 & yet x is z real z rhy?m or inflection or any o!r ( ! elem5ts discuss$ 9 ?is book4 ,atmosph]e is t sympa!tic quality ( voice t manife/s ! _s ( lit]ature4 ,:o c fail to notice ! t5d] mo!rly sympa?y t p]vades e ^w ( ! lyric ,sweet & ,l[8 ,n[ comp>e ?is ) ! knights' *orus f ,! ,com+ ( ,ar?ur4 ,?is is p]meat$ ?r\gh\t ) ! _s ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,! _s ( mo!rly love 9 ! =m]1 & ( knightly c\rage & ! clang ( arms 9 ! latt]1 completely envelop ^! poems1 & p]meate e lett]4 ,!re=e1 9 ! r5d]+ ! read] mu/ ex]cise ! greate/ c>e n to dissipate ?is atmosph]e4 ,! lea/ mis/ep1 "o false note1 & ! atmosph]e is dissipat$4 ,9 long] selections !re may be v>iety ( atmosph]e 9 ! diff]5t /anzas or p>agraphs1 provid$ always t ! v>iety enhances ! poem z a :ole4 ,m]e v>iety 9 read+ is n art1 b *aos1 says ,pr(essor ,corson4 ,! foll[+ l9es f ,mat!w ,arnold's ,sohrab & ,ru/um#ac illu/rate ! pr9ciple ( v>iety 9 unity4 ,! poem purports to be an extract f ! epic ( ,ru/um1 ! ,p]sian ,a*illes1 & is especially m>k$ by a dignity truly ,hom]ic4 ,?is atmosph]e ( dignity envelops e l9e4 ,h5ce pa?os & joy1 patriotism & defiance1 scorn & contempt1 & all ! o!r emotions1 are always dignifi$4 ,! ,t>t> *ampion1 ,sohrab1 *all5ges ! brave/ ,p]sian *ampion to meet him 9 s+le combat2 & ! ,t>t> lead]1 ,p]an-,wisa1 ann\nces ! *all5ge4 ,! ,t>t>s love _! h]o1 & ! ?rill t p]vades _! army is significant ( t love4 ,b ! ,p]sian *ampion1 ,a*illes-l1 sulks 9 8 t5t2 & ! k ( ?is fact1 :5 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! *all5ge is he>d by ! ,p]sians1 fills !m ) awe & dismay4 ,read ! foll[+ l9es1 br++ out ! significant atmosph]e ( ! two p>ts ( ! contra/1 b be+ c>eful to be> 9 m9d ! g5]al atmosph]e ( dignity3 ,& ! old ,t>t> came ^u ! s& ,betwixt ! sil5t ho/s1 & spake1 & said3-- 8,f]ood1 & ye1 ,p]sians & ,t>t>s he>6 ,let !re be truce betwe5 ! ho/s to-day4 ,b *oose a *ampion f ! ,p]sian lords ,to fight our *ampion ,sohrab1 man to man40 ,z1 9 ! c\ntry1 on a morn 9 ,june1 ,:5 ! dew gli/5s on ! pe>l$ e>s1 ,a %iv] runs ?r\gh ! deep corn = joy-- ,s1 :5 !y he>d :at ,p]an-,wisa said1 ,a ?rill ?r\gh all ! ,t>t> squadrons ran ,( pride & hope = ,sohrab1 :om !y lov$4 ,b z a troop ( p$dl]s f ,cabool1 ,cross und]nea? ! ,indian ,caucasus1 ,! va/ sky-neighbor+ m\nta9 ( milk sn[2 ,cross+ s high1 t1 z !y m\nt1 !y pass ,long flocks ( travel+ birds dead on ! sn[1 ,*ok$ by ! air1 & sc>ce c !y !mselves ,slake _! p>*'d ?roats ) sug>'d mulb]ries-- ,9 s+le file !y move & /op _! brea?1 ,= fe> !y %\ld dislodge ! o'erhang+ sn[s-- ,s ! pale ,p]sians held _! brea? ) fe>4 ,! read] mu/ also be> 9 m9d t f ! v beg9n+ ( ea* picture ! atmosph]e ( joy & fe> respectively mu/ be 9 ! m9d1 & mu/ nev] be lo/ sight ( "u any circum/ances4 ,sometimes ! atmosph]e is modifi$ by ! fact t ! speak] is quot+ ! words ( ano!r p]son1 & !n x is (t5 a matt] ( ! mo/ subtle analysis to det]m9e ! ext5t to :i* ! quot$ words w modify ! atmosph]e ( ! read]1 :e!r speak+ 9 8 own p]son or 9 ! p]son ( ano!r4 ,!re are two k9ds ( lit]ature t mu/ be consid]$ 9 ?is connection4 ,fir/1 t class 9 :i* ! read] tells ! /ory 9 8 own p]son4 ,second1 :5 ! read+ is a p]sonation ?r\gh\t4 ,an example ( ! fir/ class is ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+2 & ( ! second1 ! 8,in/igation0 spee* ( ,cassius 9 ,julius ,caes>4 ,! pr9ciple gov]n+ atmosph]e applies equally & 9 ! same way to bo? k9ds ( selections4 ,! k ( ?is fact w (t5 be valuable to ! read]4 ,we get a good example 9 ! 8,in/igation0 spee*1 :]e ,cassius tells ,brutus t ,caes>1 :5 he _h a fev]1 cri$1 8#8,give me "s dr9k1 ,tit9ius1' z a sick girl40 ,! :ole matt] ( atmosph]e1 z f> z quot$ words are conc]n$1 w be made cle> by a /udy ( ?is simple passage4 ,cassius is s ex]cis$ ov] ! success ( ,caes> & 8 own consequ5t humiliation1 t 8 scorn & rage are well-nigh b\ndless4 ,z ! torr5t ( 8 emotion ru%es =?1 is x n entirely inconsi/5t ) our k ( human nature to suppose t t torr5t w\ld be s imp$$ or arre/$ :5 ,cassius came to ! above words1 t he w\ld /op to reproduce ! actual mann] & tones ( ,caes>8 ,:at ,cassius probably does is to sugge/ some?+ ( ! effem9ate mann] ( ,caes> envelop$ 9 ,cassius' own atmosph]e ( bitt]e/ loa?+ & contempt4 ,"o w be help$ 9 "w ( ?is k9d by ask+ himself ! "q1 ,:at is ! atmosph]e ( ! speak]8 ,!n1 hav+ det]m9$ ?is1 he mu/ next make up 8 m9d1 ?r\gh 8 k ( human nature1 to :at ext5t ?is atmosph]e is modifi$ by ! quot$ words t are introduc$ into ! body ( ! /ory4 ,he may be assi/$ 9 det]m9+ ?is by putt+ a second "q to himself1 ,is :at ! quot$ words convey1 or ! mann] 9 :i* !y are convey$1 ( ! great] importance8 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily4 ,x makes no diff]5ce 9 ?is p>ticul> poem h[ ! sexton utt]$ ! words1 8,:o is !re80 &1 consequ5tly1 x w\ld be a mi/ake to give !m any v significant atmosph]e4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! words are really equival5t to indirect disc\rse2 ! expression w\ld convey exactly ! same mean+ to ! li/5] if read1 ,ask+ :o 0 )94 ,! foll[+ f ,k+ ,le> is full ( sugge/iv5ess 9 ?is connection4 ,we recall t ,k5t has s5t a g5tleman to ,cordelia to tell h] ( ! condition ( h] fa!r4 ,lat] 9 ! drama1 ,k5t meets ! g5tleman1 & f him gets ! /ory ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,cordelia receiv$ ! sad news ( h] fa!r's suff]+4 ,h[ truly ridicul\s x w\ld be = ! g5tleman to imitate ! mann] ( ,cordelia6 ,! psy*ological explanation ( :at happ5s is probably ?is3 ,z he relates ! /ory to ,k5t1 ! te>ful face & voice ( ,cordelia come into 8 m9d1 &1 s9ce !re is always 9 human nature a t5d5cy to become t :i* "o describes1 some?+ ( ! mann] ( ,cordelia w be sugge/$ 9 ! voice ( ! speak]2 b let u be> 9 m9d t ! imitation is n int5tional & detail$1 b in/9ctive & sugge/ive only4 ,x is n meant t ! read] is n consci\s ( :at he is do+1 b t ! g5tleman 7to use a concrete illu/ration7 is n consci\sly imitat+ ,cordelia4 ,! arti/ic read] 9 reproduc+ ?is sc5e is consci\s ( :at he is do+1 b consci\sly sympa!tic1 n imitative3 ,,k5t4 ,did y\r lett]s pi]ce ! que5 to any demon/ration ( grief8 ,,g5tleman4 ,ay1 sir2 %e took !m1 read !m 9 my pres5ce2 ,& n[ & !n an ample te> trill$ d[n ,h] delicate *eek3 x seem$1 %e 0 a que5 ,ov] h] passion1 :o1 mo/ rebel l1 ,s\ght to be k+ o'er h]4 ,,k5t4 ,o1 !n x mov$ h]4 ,,g5tleman4 ,n to a rage3 pati5ce & sorr[ /rove ,:o %\ld express h] goodlie/4 ,y h se5 ,sun%9e & ra9 at once2 h] smiles & te>s ,7 l a bett] ,may3 ^? happy smilets ,t play$ on h] ripe lip1 seem$ n to "k ,:at gue/s 7 9 h] eyes1 :i* p>t$ !nce ,z pe>ls f diamonds dropp$4--,9 brief1 ,sorr[ w\ld be a r>ity mo/ belov$1 ,if all c\ld s become x4 ,,k5t4 ,made %e no v]bal "q8 ,,g5tleman4 ',fai?1 once1 or twice1 %e heav'd ! "n ( 8fa!r10 ,pant+ly =?1 z if x press$ h] he>t2 ,cri$1 8,si/]s6 si/]s6 ,%ame ( ladies6 si/]s6 ,k5t6 fa!r6 si/]s6 ,:at8 i' ! /orm8 i' ! night8 ,let pity n be believd60--,!re %e %ook ,! holy wat] f h] heav5ly eyes1 ,& clamor moi/5$3 !n away %e />t$ ,to deal ) grief alone4 --,k+ ,le>1 ,act iv41 ,sc4 #c4 ,?is leads to ano!r feature ( ! /udy ( atmosph]e4 ,9 ! foll[+ l9es f ! ,elegy 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d1 we c]ta9ly speak sl[ly2 b let x be rememb]$ t ?is is done1 n 9 imitation ( ! sl[ movem5t ( ! objects describ$1 b 9 sympa?y ) !m4 ,! solemnity & dignity ( ! occasion s affect u t our movem5t becomes sl[1 & ?is movem5t & ! "r vocal quality give u ! prop] atmosph]e4 ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day1 ,! l[+ h]d w9ds sl[ly o'er ! lea1 ,! pl[man homew>d plods 8 we>y way1 ,& leaves ! _w to d>kness & to me4 ,n[ fades ! glimm]+ l&scape on ! sight1 ,& all ! air a solemn /illness holds1 ,save :]e ! beetle :eels 8 dron+ flight1 ,& dr[sy t9kl+s lull ! di/ant folds3 ,save t f yond] ivy-mantl$ t[]1 ,! mop+ owl does to ! moon compla9 ,( su* z1 w&]+ ne> h] secret b[]1 ,mole/ h] anci5t solit>y reign4 ,b5ea? ^? rugg$ elms1 t yew-tree's %ade1 ,:]e heaves ! turf 9 _m a mold]+ heap1 ,ea* 9 8 n>r[ cell =ev] laid1 ,! rude =efa!rs ( ! hamlet sleep4 ,let u rememb]1 too1 t an ev5t :i* once fill$ u ) joy may be recall$ ) pa9 & sorr[1 & t x is our pres5t condition t det]m9es ! atmosph]e4 ,br[n+'s ,patriot w illu/rate ?is4 ,! untra9$ read] is altoge!r too prone to imitation2 b let him be> 9 m9d t imitation1 if ev] art1 is its l[e/ =m4 ,! prov9ce ( ! read] is to manife/1 ?r\gh 8 int]pretation1 ! inn]mo/ _s ( ! poem4 ,v (t5 by imitat+1 by lit]ally reproduc+ ! voice1 mann]1 & movem5ts1 we obscure ! und]ly+ _s ( ! l9e1 p>agraph or poem4 ,!re are c]ta9 read]s1 = in/ance1 :o s+1 ,non ti scord> di me1 9 ,aux ,itali5s4 ,= ! sake ( argum5t1 we might admit1 t at ! end ( ! poem !re might be "s slighte/ ju/ification = ?is proc$ure2 b 9 ! beg9n+1 x is absolutely indef5sible4 ,! speak] is 9 a deep rev]ie2 he dwells 9 ! pa/4 ,8 m9d goes back to a visit to ! op]a-h\se 9 ,p>is1 ye>s be=e4 ,! op]a is ,il ,trovatore2 & ! h]o9e comes be=e u seek+ h] lov]1 :o has be5 snat*$ f h] arms ?r\gh ! jeal\sy ( ano!r4 ,%e arrives be=e ! mona/]y z ! monks *ant ! ,mis]]e4 ,h] pray] asc5ds heav5w>d2 & :5 %e ceases1 !re rises cle> & passionately ! voice ( h] lov] f )9 8 cell1 s++1 ,non ti scord> di me 7,=get me n74 ,z ! audi5ce 9 ! op]a-h\se he> ^! words1 _! m9ds g back to ! pa/4 ,! k+ goes back to 8 e>ly triumphs2 ! que5's m9d rev]ts to h] life 9 ,spa92 ! wife ( ! ,m>quis ( ,c>abas lets h] ?\ghts glide back to h] fir/ husb&2 & to ! speak]'s m9d !re comes ! vision ( 8 e>ly love4 ,non ti scord> di me1 !n1 is ! s\rce ( ! poem4 ,! tie t b9ds u to ! pa/ is ! poet's !me1 8,old ?+s are be/40 ,n[ let u look at ! /anza at ! end ( :i* occurs ! l9e we are discuss+3 ,! moon on ! t[] slept s(t z sn[1 ,& :o 0 n ?rill$ 9 ! /range/ way1 ,z we he>d him s+ :ile ! gas burn$ l[1 8,non ti scord> di me40 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :5 "o s+s ^! l9es1 he is j a little likely to be deem$ presumptu\s :5 x is recall$ t ! previ\s /anza has said3 ,& ,m>io c soo! ) a t5or note1 ,! s\ls 9 purgatory4 ,x is h>dly likely t ! read] is a ,m>io2 b ?is is a small criticism1 comp>atively speak+4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! poem is "o ( rev]ie2 & :at possesses ! speak] is n ! lit]al way ! words 7 sung1 b ! memory ( ! ?rill t pass$ ?r\gh him & ?r\gh ! audi5ce z ^! words rang out 9 a pause ( ! solemn ,mis]]e ( ! monks4 ,let x be borne 9 m9d t ! argum5t is n aga9/ ! s++ z s++1 b aga9/ ! me?od t w\ld completely de/roy ! atmosph]e ( ! poem = ! sake ( a vocal affectation4 ,:at %\ld be express$ is ! rapture ( ! speak] z he recalls ^? passionate words & tones1 9 8 pres5t mom5t ( contemplation4 ,!re are c]ta9 repr9ts ( ?is poem t leave out ! /anzas describ+ ! effect ( ! song on ! k+1 ! que51 & ! m>*ioness4 ,does ?is n prove t ^? :o pr9t su* v]sions h miss$ ! v ess5ce ( ! /ory8 ,!re is "o m elem5t t we are to discuss 9 ?is connection1 & t is ! atmosph]e ( sympa?y t envelops ! read+ ( description4 ,?is atmosph]e %[s ! effect ^u u ( t :i* ! au?or describes4 ,! t5d5cy ( mo/ read]s is t[>d imitation1--to groan & moan1 & laugh & cry1 :5ev] ^! words appe> 9 ! selection int]pret$4 ,9 su* passages z ! foll[+ f ,aldri*'s ,face ,aga9/ ! ,pane1 we h he>d m ?an "o read] imitate ! scree*+ & ! moan+1 & ! groan+ & ! break+3 ,%e he>s ! sea bird scree*1 ,& ! break]s on ! bea* ,mak+ moan1 mak+ moan4 ,& aga91 9 ! same poem1 we h he>d imitations ( ! toll+ bells 93 ,h[ x tolls = ! s\ls ,( ! sailors on ! sea2 ,9 ^! passages & all simil> ones1 z1 = in/ance1 ^? already quot$ f ! ,elegy 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d1 our aim %\ld be to manife/ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e ! effect ( ! description ^u ourselves4 ,p]haps x w assi/ u to get a cle>] conception ( ?is important feature if we discuss a few typical examples1 ev5 repeat+ "s ( ! selections already us$ 9 ! discussion4 ,example #a 7f ,sohrab & ,ru/um74 ,! atmosph]e ( ! fir/ simile is t ( joy2 n 9 imitation ( ! joy ( ! ,t>t>s1 b because we are mov$ to joy by our sympa?y ) ,sohrab4 ,example #b 7ibid474 ,we d n express ! fe> ( ! ,p]sians or ( ! p$dl]s1 b our contempt = ! =m]--p]haps slightly t+$1 ?r\gh sympa?y1 ) _! fe>4 ,example #c 7f ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily74 ,! atmosph]e is t ( simple n>rative1 :i* is 9 no wise *ang$ by ! words ( ! sexton4 ,example #d4 ,eug5e ,field's ,little ,boy ,blue pres5ts a fa!r /&+ be=e ! du/-cov]$ toys ( 8 dead *ild4 ,! fa!r speaks ?r\gh\t1 & yet !re are ^? :o actually imitate ! voice & mann] ( ! *ild 9 ! op5+ l9es ( ! second /anza3 8,n[ don't y g till ,i come10 he said1 8,& don't y make any noise20 ,s toddl+ (f to 8 trundle-b$ ,he dreamt ( ! pretty toys4 ,x is ! fa!r we want1 n ! *ild4 ,example #e 7f ! ,elegy 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d74 ,we read ! passage sl[ly1 n because we desire to imitate ! sl[ movem5t ( ! objects describ$1 b because we are impress$ by _! solemnity4 ,x may be ?\ght t ! pr9ciple "h discuss$ has no value except = advanc$ pupils or = ^? :o desire to make a specialty ( read+4 ,?is is a grave error & "o t has _h mu* to d ) ! spiritless read+ ( our s*ools4 ,at lea/ "o-half ( ! selections 9 our read]s1 above ! second1 pres5t opportunities = ! expression ( :at we h t]m$ sympa?y4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,values we obs]v$ t !re 7 ev]-v>y+ phases ( ?\ght & feel+1 ea* "o ( :i* w\ld be read ) a diff]5t atmosph]e4 ,let u look at ano!r complete poem solely ) a view to apply+ ! pr9ciples ( phases & ( atmosph]e3 ,gu/y & raw 0 ! morn+2 ,a fog hung ov] ! seas1 ,& its gray skirts1 roll+ inl&1 ,7 torn by ! m\nta9-trees4 ,no s\nd 0 he>d b ! da%+ ,( waves on ! s&y b>1 ,:5 ,pablo ( ,san ,diego ,rode d[n to ! ,paso del ,m>4 #h ,! pescador1 out 9 8 %allop1 ,ga!r+ 8 h>ve/ s wide1 ,sees ! dim bulk ( ! headl& ,loom ov] ! wa/e ( ! tide2 ,he sees1 l a :ite ?read1 ! pa?way ,w9d r\nd on ! t]rible wall1 ,:]e ! fa9t1 mov+ speck ( ! rid] ,seems hov]+ close to its fall6 #af ,/\t ,pablo ( ,san ,diego ,rode d[n f ! hills beh9d2 ,) ! bells on 8 gray mule t9kl+1 ,he sang ?r\gh ! fog & w9d4 ,"u 8 ?ick1 mi/$ eyebr[s ,tw9kl$ 8 eye l a />1 ,& fi]c] he sang z ! sea-w9ds ,drove cold on ! ,paso del ,m>4 #bd ,n[ ,b]nal1 ! h]dsman ( ,corral1 ,_h travel$ ! %ore s9ce dawn4 ,leav+ ! ran*es beh9d him3 ,good reason _h he to be gone6 ,! blood 0 /ill r$ on 8 dagg]1 ,! fury 0 hot 9 8 bra91 ,& ! *ill1 driv+ scud ( ! break]s ,beat ?ick on 8 =ehead 9 va94 #cb ,) 8 blanket wrapp$ gloomily r\nd him ,he m\nt$ ! dizzy+ road1 ,& ! *asms & /eeps ( ! headl& ,7 slipp]y & wet z he trode4 ,wild swept ! w9d ( ! ocean1 ,roll+ ! fog f af>1 ,:5 ne> him a mule-bell came t9kl+1 ,midway on ! ,paso del ,m>4 #dj 8,back60 %\t$ ,b]nal full fi]cely1 ,& 8,back60 %\t$ ,pablo 9 wra?1 ,z 8 mule halt$1 />tl$ & %r9k+1 ,on ! p]il\s l9e ( ! pa?4 ,! ro> ( dev\r+ surges ,came up f ! break]s' ho>se w>2 ,& 8,back1 or y p]i%60 cri$ ,b]nal2 8,i turn n on ,paso del ,m>60 #dh ,! gray mule /ood firm z ! headl&2 ,he clut*$ at ! j+l+ re91 ,:5 ,pablo rose up 9 8 saddle ,& smote till he dropp$ x aga94 ,a wild oa? ( passion swore ,b]nal1 ,& br&i%$ 8 dagg] /ill r$2 ,:ile fi]cely /\t ,pablo lean$ =w>d1 ,& f\ght o'er 8 tru/y mule's head4 #ef ,!y f\ght till ! black wall bel[ !m ,%one r$ ?r\gh ! mi/y bla/4 ,/\t ,pablo !n /ruck1 lean+ f>!r1 ,! broad brea/ ( ,b]nal at la/2 ,&1 fr5zi$ ) pa91 ! sw>t h]dsman ,clos$ r\nd him ) t]rible clasp1 ,& j]k$ him1 despite ( 8 /ruggles1 ,d[n f ! mule 9 8 grasp4 #fd ,!y grappl$ ) desp]ate madness ,on ! slipp]y edge ( ! wall2 ,!y sway$ on ! br9k1 & toge!r ,reel$ out to ! ru% ( ! fall6 ,a cry ( ! wilde/ dea?-angui% ,rang fa9t ?r\gh ! mi/ af>1 ,& ! rid]less mule w5t homew>d ,f ! fight ( ! ,paso del ,m>6 #gb --,! ,fight ( ,paso del ,m>4 ,,bay>d ,,taylor4 l4 #a-d4--,simple description1 ! la/ l9e slightly color$ ) emotion4 l4 #e1 #f4--,note h[ ! voice becomes suppress$ 9 sympa?y ) ! picture4 l4 #g1 #h4--,simple description4 l4 #i-ab4--,simple description4 l4 #ac-af4--,! important "p ?is pa?way is to play 9 ! poem & ! dang] ( ! rid] w br+ ! sugge/ion ( fe> into ! voice ( ! read]4 ,x is ! effect ( ! picture ^u u t we mu/ manife/2 ?is is half ! art ( read+4 l4 #ag-bd4--,! joy ( ,pablo w f9d an e*o 9 our read+1 z w 8 joy\s defiance 9 l4 #bc1 #bd4 l4 #be-bg4--,simple description to 8beh9d him10 :5 ! com+ ev5t ca/s its %ad[ be=e2 ! color ( ! next l9e is cle>ly anticipat$ on ^! two words4 l4 #bh4--,! atmosph]e is difficult to *>act]ize 9 a ^w1 b n to manife/4 l4 #bi-cb4--,note ! m>k$ *ange4 ,! atmosph]e is l>gely t ( sympa?y--fury & dogg$1 gloomy det]m9ation4 ,p]haps !re might be some?+ ( our horror & loa?+ 9 l4 #bi4 l4 #cc-cf4--,simple description4 l4 #cg1 #ch4--,sympa?y4 l4 #ci1 #dj4--;,bright]4 l4 #da1 #db4--,! atmosph]e is t ( ! speak]s4 l4 #dc1 #dd4--,our fe> ( a fatal mis/ep4 l4 #de1 #df4--,! effect ^u u1 n imitation ( ! ro>4 l4 #dg1 #dh4--;,ang] & det]m9ation4 l4 #di4--,see l4 #de1 #df4 l4 #ej-ef4--,virtually ! same atmosph]e1 ?r\gh\t1 ( t]ror1 /rife1 det]m9ation1 hate4 l4 #eg1 #eh4--,oh6 ! pity ( x4 l4 #ei-fd4--,see l4 #ej-ef4 l4 #fe-fh4--,t]ror & fe> increase until ! climax on 8fall40 l4 #fi1 #gj4--,t]ror & pity4 l4 #ga4--,obs]ve ! transition4 ,re/ra9$ pa?os to ! end4 ,! mo/ important fact to be borne 9 m9d 9 endeavor+ to develop ! pupil's sympa?y ) :at he describes is ?is3 imitation ( s\nds1 & ( ge/ures1 & ( movem5t1 is a v l[ ord] ( art4 ,we c n imitate ?und]1 b we c %[ 9 our voices ! awe t x inspires4 ,:5 we unconsci\sly hurry our read+ "u ! impulse ! imag9ation receives f contemplat+1 let u say1 ! rapid movem5t ( a cavalry *>ge1 we d s n 9 imitation (1 b 9 sympa?y )1 ! picture4 ,?is is n prim>ily a "q ( art1 b ( nature4 ,x is only ignorant tea*+ t says to a pupil1 8,is t ! way ! ?und] ro>s80 or 8,read m rapidly2 don't y see t y are describ+ ! flight ( ! horses80 ,fur!rmore1 if we read sl[ly a passage describ+ a fun]al procession1 !re is no consci\s imitation ( sl[ness1 b a sympa?y ) ! solemnity1 /atel9ess & dignity ( ! occasion4 ,a v little obs]vation w %[ u :e!r ! imitation is consci\s or sympa!tic4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! voice w be express+ m]ely spe$ or sl[ness4 ,9 ! latt]1 !re w be spe$ or sl[ness1 too1 b accompani$ by an indef9able & yet recognizable quality ( voice1 :i* is ! expression ( our sympa?y4 ,?is is an infallible crit]ion4 ,la/ly1 x mu/ be urg$ t we give m "t to ?is "w4 ,! imag9ation _c be develop$ 9 a week or a mon?2 & unless !re is imag9ation1 !re c be no sympa?y4 ,x is difficult to re/ra9 "o's self & n dwell long] on ! value ( ! tra9+ ( ! imag9ation4 ,we h no hesitation 9 say+ t t feature ( education is ! mo/ neglect$4 ,su* tra9+ z is "h sugge/$ w1 9 _m cases1 d mu* to br+ ab\t a m favorable condition ( affairs4 ,b x takes "t1 & pl5ty ( x4 ,! tea*] %\ld read to ! class q (t5 su* passages z are likely to /imulate ! imag9ation4 ,make ! class foll[ att5tively & get !m to give back ! picture1 z f> z possible1 9 m9ute/ detail4 ,d ?is aga9 & aga9 & improvem5t mu/ foll[4 ,j 9 proportion z ! imag9ation is /imulat$ may we hope = a bett] class ( read+4 ,we h no "t to tea* any subject poorly6 ,?is phase ( ! subject may be pres5t$ to pupils 9 "s su* mann] z ?is3 ,let me tell y a /ory3 ,! o!r day1 a little *ild came to its "m1 say+1 8,oh1 "m6 ,i j saw a beautiful toy 9 ! w9d[3 ,i wi% y w\ld buy x = me40 ,! sweet voice 0 full ( plead+4 ,! "m 0 v poor1 & _h h>dly e>n$ en\gh to pay = fuel4 ,h[ c\ld %e sp>e ev5 ! few p5nies = ! toy8 ,b %e said to h]self1 8,?is is ,*ri/mas "t20 & ! te>s came into h] eyes4 ,! little "o saw ! te>s1 & said3 8,:at are y cry+ =1 "m80 ,& !n ! "m hugg$ h] *ild to h] brea/ & kiss$ h] aga9 & aga91 say+ ov] & ov]1 8,because ,i love y6 ,because ,i love y60 ,:5 ,*ri/mas morn+ dawn$ ! little toy 0 on ! mantel & ! *ild 0 happy4 ,b :5 ! "t = breakfa/ came1 ! *ild ask$ h] "m :y %e did n eat2 & ! "m answ]$1 8,i am n hungry1 d>l+2 don't m9d me10 & %e smil$ t5d]ly ^u ! sweet face1 upturn$ to kiss h]4 ,aft] y h read ?is simple tale two or ?ree times1 ,i ?9k y w beg9 to feel "s sympa?y ) ! lov+ "m :o w\ld d )\t h] food to give joy to h] little *ild4 ,:5 y read ! s5t5ces ,i h put 9 italics1 if y h really tri$ to see ! pictures1 ,i am sure y w feel "s sympa?y t w make y\r read+ s diff]5t f ! read+ (1 let u say1 ! fir/ s5t5ce 9 ?is lesson4 ,take ! l9e1 8,! sweet voice 0 full ( plead+40 ,c't y imag9e "s sweet *ild-voice plead+ = ! toy8 ,well1 !n1 li/5 to t voice1 & aft] y h1 !n read1 8,! sweet voice 0 full ( plead+40 ,y w f9d t y\r voice w be s full ( sympa?y t x w say n only ! words1 b also w express love1 & t5d]ness1 & sympa?y4 ,y w ?9k1 p]haps1 "s su* ?\ght z1 8,%e 0 su* a lovely *ild & %e want$ ! toy s mu*4 ,x made me feel sorry to he> h] ask = x40 ,!re is ano!r s5t5ce 9 italics t ,i want y to ?9k ab\t4 ,:5 y read1 8,& ! te>s came into h] eyes10 c y n feel some?+ ( ! sadness ( t "m1 z %e ?9ks h[ mu* %e w\ld l to buy ! toy1 & yet !re is no?+ to buy x )8 ,:5 y express y\r feel+1 y\r voice w say1 8,& ! "m's he>t 0 sad :5 %e ?\ght t h] d>l+ c\ld h no little gift at ,*ri/mas1 :5 x seem$ ev]yone %\ld be made happy4 ,h[ disappo9t$ ! sweet "o w\ld be :5 %e f\nd out h[ _m toys h] playmates _h :ile %e _h n "o60 ,all ^! ?\ghts w run ?r\gh y\r m9d if y w only ?9k ab\t ?is sc5e long en\gh1 & !n y\r voice w express t sympa?y ) ! picture y are describ+ )\t :i* y c nev] be a good read]4 ,let u !n close ?is lesson by rem9d+ y t ! be/ way to develop our feel+s z we read is ?r\gh sympa?y4 ,!re are sev]al o!r phrases & s5t5ces 9 ?is /ory t ,i want y to /udy sympa!tically = to-morr['s lesson4 ,!n1 aft] y h grasp$ ! idea ( ?is lesson1 be sure1 9 e selection y read h]eaft]1 t y d n fail to pay p>ticul> att5tion to sympa?y4 ,let u1 9 clos+ ?is long b mo/ vital discussion1 direct att5tion 9 a few words to ! psy*ology ( ! atmosph]e ( description4 ,:5 we are giv+ ! description = its own sake1 desir+ simply to impress ! picture ^u ! audi5ce1 we %\ld probably use ! normal quality4 ,to illu/rate3 ,a fell[ 9 a m>ket-t[n1 ,mo/ musical1 cri$ 8,razors60 up & d[n1 ,& (f]$ twelve = eighte5 p5ce2 ,:i* c]ta9ly seem$ wondr\s *eap1 ,& = ! money q a heap1 ,z e man w\ld buy1 ) ca% & s5se4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we are some:at mov$ ?r\gh ! contemplation ( :at we see1 :5 x takes possession ( u1 we %\ld be likely to manife/ our feel+ 9 a sugge/ive imitation ( ! object describ$4 ,see ! ?ird /anza ( ,! ,fight ( ,paso del ,m>4 ,! ?ird /age is rea*$ :5 ! picture moves u to su* an ext5t t imitation & sugge/ion disappe>1 & we %[ m]ely our own feel+s4 ,see l9es #fi & #gj ( ! same poem4 ,9 read+ ^! we d n utt] ! cry1 nor d we %[ ! dea? angui%1 b our own feel+s ( pity & p]haps t]ror4 ,!re is a f\r? /age1 9 :i* ! conditions ( ! second & ?ird are bl5d$4 ,aga9 we may use ! same poem z an illu/ration4 ,9 l9es #ec & #ed1 "o c\ld conceive a read] p>tak+ ?r\gh sympa?y ( ! passion ( ,b]nal1 & yet manife/+ 8 own feel+ ( fe> & horror at ! same "t4 ,x is believ$ t ?is classification is psy*ologically s\nd1 & t x w repay close /udy4 ,x ne$ h>dly be add$ t ! att5tion ( ! pupil is n to be drawn to ! details4 ,selections = practice foll[3 ,z ?ro' ! l& at eve we w5t1 ,& pluck'd ! rip5'd e>s1 ,we fell out1 my wife & ,i1 ,o we fell out ,i "k n :y1 ,& kiss'd aga9 ) te>s4 ,& bless+s on ! fall+ out ,t all ! m ende>s1 ,:5 we fall out ) ^? we love ,& kiss aga9 ) te>s4 ,= :5 we came :]e lies ! *ild ,we lo/ 9 o!r ye>s1 ,!re above ! little grave1 ,o !re above ! little grave1 ,we kiss'd aga9 ) te>s4 --,! ,pr9cess4 ,,t5nyson4 ,! ess5ce ( ^! exquisite l9es is 9 _! t5d] simplicity4 ,sweet & l[1 sweet & l[1 ,w9d ( ! we/]n sea1 ,l[1 l[1 brea! & bl[1 ,w9d ( ! we/]n sea6 ,ov] ! roll+ wat]s g1 ,come f ! dy+ moon1 & bl[ ,bl[ him aga9 to me2 ,:ile my little "o1 :ile my pretty "o1 sleeps4 ,sleep & re/1 sleep & re/1 ,fa!r w come to !e soon2 ,re/1 re/1 on "m's brea/1 ,fa!r w come to !e soon2 ,fa!r w come to 8 babe 9 ! ne/1 ,silv] sails all out ( ! we/ ,"u ! silv] moon3 ,sleep1 my little "o1 sleep1 my pretty "o1 sleep4 --,ibid4 ,bl[ trumpet1 = ! _w is :ite ) ,may2 ,bl[ trumpet1 ! long night ha? roll'd away6 ,bl[ ?ro' ! liv+ _w--8,let ! ,k+ reign40 ,%all ,rome or ,hea!n rule 9 ,ar?ur's realm8 ,fla% br& & lance1 fall battleaxe ^u helm1 ,fall battleaxe1 & fla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 ,/rike = ! ,k+1 & live6 8 knights h he>d ,t ,god ha? told ! ,k+ a secret ^w4 ,fall battleaxe1 & fla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 ,bl[ trumpet6 he w lift u f ! du/4 ,bl[ trumpet6 live ! /r5g? & die ! lu/6 ,clang battleaxe1 & cla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 ,/rike = ! k+ & die6 & if ?\ die/1 ,! ,k+ is ,k+1 & ev] wills ! highe/4 ,clang battleaxe1 & cla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 ,bl[1 = our ,son is mighty 9 8 ,may6 ,bl[1 = our ,son is mighti] day by day6 ,clang battleaxe1 & cla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 ,! ,k+ w foll[ ,*ri/1 & we ! ,k+ ,9 :om high ,god ha? brea!d a secret ?+4 ,fall battleaxe1 & fla% br&6 ,let ! ,k+ reign4 --8,knights' ,*orus0 f ,! ,com+ ( ,ar?ur4 ,,t5nyson4 ,x w\ld h>dly be appropriate to imitate ! bl[ ( ! trumpet2 &1 /rik+ z ! effect w\ld be1 x w\ld n be ! highe/ art to h an accompanim5t ( clang+ arms4 ,b ,ru/um ey$ askance ! kneel+ y\?1 ,& turn'd away1 & spake to 8 own s\l3-- 8,ah me1 ,i muse :at ?is "y fox may mean6 ,false1 wily1 boa/ful1 are ^! ,t>t> boys4 ,= if ,i n[ confess ?is ?+ he asks1 ,& hide x n1 b say3 #8,ru/um is "h6' ,he w n yield inde$1 nor quit our foes1 ,b he w f9d "s pretext n to fight1 ,& praise my fame1 & pr(f] c\rte\s gifts1 ,a belt or sword p]haps1 & g 8 way4 ,& on a fea/ tide1 9 ,afrasiab's hall1 ,9 ,sam>c&1 he w arise & cry3 #8,i *all5g$ once1 :5 ! two armies camp'd ,beside ! ,oxus1 all ! ,p]sian lords ,to cope ) me 9 s+le fight2 b !y ,%rank1 only ,ru/um d>$2 !n he & ,i ,*ang$ gifts1 & w5t on equal t]ms away4' ,s w he speak1 p]haps1 :ile m5 applaud2 ,!n 7 ! *iefs ( ,iran %am$ ?r\gh me40 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,note t :5 ,ru/um utt]s ! suppos$ words ( ,sohrab he w\ld /ill speak 9 ! mus+ mood4 ,x is /ill ! voice & mann] ( ,ru/um1 ) ! fa9t sugge/ion ( ! o!r's suppos$ boa/fulness4 ,he spoke1 & ,sohrab k9dl$ at 8 taunts1 ,& he too drew 8 sword2 at once !y ru%'d ,toge!r1 z two eagles on "o prey ,come ru%+ d[n toge!r f ! cl\ds1 ,"o f ! ea/1 "o f ! we/2 _! %ields ,da%'d ) a clang toge!r1 & a d9 ,rose1 su* z t ! s9ewy woodcutt]s ,make (t5 9 ! =e/'s he>t at morn1 ,( hew+ axes1 cra%+ trees--su* bl[s ,ru/um & ,sohrab on ea* o!r hail'd4 ,& y w\ld say t sun & />s took "p ,9 t unnatural conflict2 = a cl\d ,grew sudd5ly 9 heav51 & d>k'd ! sun ,ov] ! fight]s' heads2 & a w9d rose ,"u _! feet1 & moan+ swept ! pla91 ,& 9 a s&y :irlw9d wrapp'd ! pair4 ,9 gloom !y twa9 7 wrapp'd1 & !y alone2 ,= bo? ! on-look+ ho/s on ei!r h& ,/ood 9 broad daylight1 & ! sky 0 pure1 ,& ! sun sp>kl$ on ! ,oxus /ream4 ,b 9 ! gloom !y f\ght1 ) blood%ot eyes ,& labor+ brea?3 fir/ ,ru/um /ruck ! %ield ,:i* ,sohrab held /iff out2 ! /eel-spik$ spe> ,r5t ! t\gh plates1 b fail'd to rea* ! sk91 ,& ,ru/um pluck'd x back ) angry groan4 ,!n ,sohrab ) 8 sword smote ,ru/um's helm1 ,nor clove its /eel q ?r\gh2 b all ! cre/ ,he %ore away1 & t pr\d horsehair plume1 ,nev] till n[ defil$1 sank to ! du/2 ,& ,ru/um b['d 8 head2 b !n ! gloom ,grew black]1 ?und] rumbl$ 9 ! air1 ,& lightn+s r5t ! cl\d2 & ,ruk%1 ! horse1 ,:o /ood at h&1 utt]'d a dreadful cry2-- ,no horse's cry 0 t1 mo/ l ! ro> ,( "s pa9'd des]t lion1 :o all day ,ha? trail'd ! hunt]'s javel9 9 8 side1 ,& comes at night to die ^u ! s&4 ,! two ho/s he>d t cry1 & quak$ = fe>1 ,& ,oxus curdl$ z x cross'd 8 /ream4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,! above is an int]e/+ illu/ration4 ,we are n to be eagles & ! w9d & ! s&1 b to manife/ ! awe :i* ov]:elms u z we describe ! t]rible /ruggle ( ?is fa!r & son1 ea* ignorant ( ! id5tity ( ! o!r4 ,z :5 "s hunt] 9 ! spr+ ha? f\nd ,a bre$+ eagle sitt+ on h] ne/1 ,^u ! craggy isle ( a hill lake1 ,& pi]c$ h] ) an arr[ z %e rose1 ,& foll['d h] to f9d h] :]e %e fell ,f> (f2--anon h] mate comes w++ back ,f hunt+1 & a great way (f descries ,8 huddl+ "y left sole2 at t1 he *ecks ,8 p9ion1 & ) %ort uneasy sweeps ,circles above 8 eyry1 ) l\d screams ,*id+ 8 mate back to h] ne/2 b %e ,lies dy+1 ) ! arr[ 9 h] side1 ,9 "s f> /ony gorge out ( 8 k51 ,a heap ( flutt]+ fea!rs--nev] m ,%all ! lake glass h]1 fly+ ov] x2 ,nev] ! black & dripp+ precipices ,e*o h] /ormy scream z %e sails by-- ,z t poor bird flies home1 nor kn[s 8 loss1 ,s ,ru/um knew n 8 own loss1 b /ood ,ov] 8 dy+ son1 & knew him n4 --,sohrab & ,ru/um4 ,m4 ,,arnold4 ,ru/um has mortally w\nd$ 8 son 9 ! combat1 & n[ ! poet introduces ! exquisite simile giv5 above4 ,x is a f9e /udy 9 ! read+ ( description4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,contra/s ,x is because contra/s are a di/9ct feature ( lit]ature t x is well to make ! /udy ( !m & _! vocal pres5tation a feature ( ! read+ c\rse4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t ! tea*] mu/ use 8 discretion z to ! "t :5 ! def9ite /udy ( contra/s %\ld be und]tak52 b :5 cle>ly pres5t$ & discrim9at+ly illu/rat$1 ev5 "y *ildr5 c be l$ to p]ceive ! arti/ic value ( contra/1 to enjoy x z art1 & to manife/ _! appreciation ( x 9 _! read+4 ,x %\ld n be difficult to %[ "y *ildr5 t ,c9d]ella's "* is made to appe> m lovable because x is set ov] aga9/ ^? ( h] si/]s4 ,*ildr5 enjoy su* effects z well z adults1 :5 pleasantly & sugge/ively pres5t$ to !m4 ,9 lit]ature !re are f\nd illu/rations ( contra/ ^u e page4 ,!re are contra/s ( ideas1 contra/s ( emotions1 contra/s ( sc5es1 contra/s ( *>act]s1 & _m o!rs4 ,"u ! head ( 8,! ,c5tral ,idea0 w be f\nd num]\s examples ( ! fir/ class4 ,we %all "h consid] a few illu/rations ( ! o!r classes1 :ile 9 lat] pages w be f\nd illu/rations = m ext5d$ /udy4 ,contra/ ( emotion is admirably illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ sc5e f ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a3 ,,%ylock4 ,h[ n[1 ,tubal6 :at news f ,g5oa8 ha/ ?\ f\nd my daught]8 ,,tubal4 ,i (t5 came :]e ,i did he> ( h]1 b _c f9d h]4 ,,%ylock4 ,:y !re1 !re1 !re1 !re6 a diamond gone1 co/ me two ?\s& ducats 9 ,frank=t6 ,! curse nev] fell ^u our nation till n[2 ,i nev] felt x till n[3--two ?\s& ducats 9 t2 & o!r preci\s1 preci\s jewels4 ,i w\ld my daught] 7 dead at my foot1 & ! jewels 9 h] e>6 w\ld %e 7 he>s$ at my foot1 & ! ducats 9 h] c(f96 ,no news ( !m8 ,:y s2--& ,i "k n :at's sp5t 9 ! se>*3 :y1 ?\ loss ^u loss6 ! ?ief gone ) s mu*1 & s mu* to f9d ! ?ief2 & no satisfaction1 no rev5ge3 nor no ill luck /irr+ b :at lights on my %\ld]s2 no sighs b ( my brea?+2 no te>s b ( my %$d+4 ,,tubal4 ,yes1 o!r m5 h ill luck too4 ,antonio1 z ,i he>d 9 ,g5oa1-- ,,%ylock4 ,:at1 :at1 :at8 ill luck1 ill luck8 ,,tubal4 ,ha? an argosy ca/ away1 com+ f ,tripolis4 ,,%ylock4 ,i ?ank ,god1 ,i ?ank ,god6 ,is x true1 is x true8 ,,tubal4 ,i spoke ) "s ( ! sailors t escap$ ! wreck4 ,,%ylock4 ,i ?ank !e1 good ,tubal4 ,good news1 good news6 ha1 ha6--,:]e8 9 ,g5oa8 ,,tubal4 ,y\r daught] sp5t 9 ,g5oa1 z ,i he>d1 "o night f\rscore ducats4 ,,%ylock4 ,?\ /ick'/ a dagg] 9 me2 ,i %all nev] see my gold aga94 ,f\rscore ducats at a sitt+6 f\rscore ducats6 ,,tubal4 ,!re came div]s ( ,antonio's cr$itors 9 my company to ,v5ice1 t swe> he _c *oose b break4 ,,%ylock4 ,i am v glad ( x3 ,i'll plague him2 ,i'll torture him3 ,i am glad ( x4 ,,tubal4 ,"o ( !m %[$ me a r+ t he _h ( y\r daught] = a monkey4 ,,%ylock4 ,out ^u h]6 ,?\ torture/ me1 ,tubal3 x 0 my turquoise2 ,i _h x ( ,leah :5 ,i 0 a ba*elor4 ,i w\ld n h giv5 x = a wild]ness ( monkeys4 ,,tubal4 ,b ,antonio is c]ta9ly undone4 ,,%ylock4 ,nay1 t's true1 t's v true4 ,g1 ,tubal1 fee me an (fic]2 bespeak him a =tnight be=e4 ,i w h ! he>t ( him1 if he =feit2 =1 7 he out ( ,v5ice1 ,i c make :at m]*&ise ,i w4 ,g1 g1 ,tubal1 & meet me at our synagogue2 g1 good ,tubal2 at our synagogue1 ,tubal4 ,we _c fail to rem>k h[ ! contra/ betwe5 ,%ylock's emotions 7:5 bemoan+ ! loss ( 8 ducats at "o mom5t1 & curs+ ! daught] :o has robb$ him & elop$ ) a ,*ri/ian at ano!r7 s]ves to br+ out 8 peculi> "*4 ,contra/ ( "* is br\ght out 9 e great play4 ,horatio & ,hamlet1 ,cordelia & h] si/]s1 ,macbe? & 8 wife1 sugge/ !mselves z examples4 ,! ?ird act ( ,k+ ,le>1 :]e ! je/]'s jibes are int]polat$ betwe5 ! fe>ful outbur/s ( ! k+1 is a /rik+ example ( "*1 z well z ( emotional contra/4 ,x may be well to rem>k t ! two p>ts ( a contra/ d n always occur 9 succession4 ,d n ! la/ ?ree or f\r spee*es ( ,%ylock dep5d1 = _! effect1 ^u ! keep+ 9 m9d by ! audi5ce ( 8 emotions & be>+ dur+ ! =m] sc5es8 ,let ! audi5ce =get ^!1 & !y h lo/ a mo/ significant /hetic detail4 ,simil>ly1 :5 ,k+ ,rob]t utt]s ! spee* beg9n+1 8,?\ kn[e/ be/10 ! :ole effect is lo/ unless we be> 9 m9d t nev] = ?ree ye>s has 8 answ] to ! angel's "q be5 o!r ?an1 8,i am1 ,i am ! k+40 ,! foll[+ examples w af=d good practice3 ,%elt]$ by ! v]dant %ores1 an hundr$ triremes 7 rid+ pr\dly at _! an*ors1 _! braz5 beaks glitt]+ 9 ! sun1 _! /ream]s danc+ 9 ! morn+ breeze1 :ile _m a %att]$ plank & timb] gave evid5ce ( desp]ate conflicts ) ! fleets ( ,rome4--,regulus to ! ,c>?ag9ians4 ,,kellogg4 ,! multitude sway$ to & fro l a =e/ b5ea? a tempe/1 & ! rage & hate ( t tumultu\s ?rong v5t$ itself 9 groans1 & curses1 & yells ( v5geance4 ,b calm1 cold & immovable z ! m>ble walls ar\nd him /ood ! ,roman4--,ibid4 ,if !re be ?ree 9 all y\r company d>e face me on ! bloody s&s1 let !m come on4 ,& yet ,i 0 n always ?us1 a hir$ but*]1 a savage *ief ( /ill m savage m56 ,my ance/ors came f old ,sp>ta1 & settl$ among ! v9e-clad rocks & citron groves ( ,syrasella4 ,my e>ly life ran quiet z ! brooks by :i* ,i sport$2 & :5 at noon ,i ga!r$ ! %eep b5ea? ! %ade1 & play$ ^u ! %eph]d's flute1 !re 0 a fri5d to jo9 me 9 ! pa/ime4444 ,"o ev5+1 my gr&sire1 an old man1 0 tell+ ( ,m>a?on & ,leuctra1 & h[1 9 anci5t times1 a little b& ( ,sp>tans1 9 a defile ( ! m\nta9s1 _h )/ood a :ole army4 ,i did n !n "k :at w> 02 b my *eeks burn$1 & ,i clasp$ ! knees ( t v5]able man1 until my "m1 p>t+ ! hair f (f my =ehead1 kiss$ my ?robb+ temples & bade me g to re/1 & ?9k no m ( ^? old tales & savage w>s4 ,t v night ! ,romans l&$ on our coa/4 ,i saw ! brea/ t _h n\ri%$ me trampl$ by ! ho( ( ! w>-horse1 & ! ble$+ body ( my fa!r flung amid/ ! blaz+ raft]s ( our dwell+6--,sp>tacus4 ,,kellogg4 ,o ,rome1 ,rome1 ?\ ha/ be5 a t5d] nurse to me6 ,ay1 ?\ ha/ giv5 to t poor1 g5tle1 timid %eph]d lad1 :o nev] knew a h>%] tone ?an a flute note1 muscles ( iron & a he>t ( fl9t2 taught him to gaze into ! gl>+ eyeballs ( ! fi]ce ,numidian lion1 ev5 z a boy ^u a laugh+ girl4--,ibid4 ,! %\ts ( revelry _h di$ away4-,ibid4 ,! ro> ( ! lion _h ceas$4--,ibid4 ,y all d "k ?is mantle3 ,i rememb] ,! fir/ "t ev] ,caes> put x on2 ',twas on a summ]'s ev5+ 9 8 t5t1 ,t day he ov]came ! ,n]vii4 ,look6 9 ?is place ran ,cassius' dagg] ?r\gh4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,! selection entitl$ ! 8,*oric ,song10 a "p ( ,t5nyson's ,! ,lotos-,eat]s1 is a f9e /udy 9 contra/4 ,! speak]s are ! foll[]s ( ,ulysses1 :o are debat+ :e!r !y %all rema9 9 ?is new f\nd l& ( ! ,lotos or return to _! homes4 ,! fir/1 ?ird1 fif?1 & sev5? /anzas are 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! o!rs4 ,! feel+s ( ! sailors z !y alt]nately contemplate _! life z x is & has be51 9 contra/ ) :at x might be %\ld !y rema9 "h1 are /rik+ly depict$4 ,! subject ( contra/s may be pres5t$ to ! class 9 "s su* mann] z ! foll[+3 ,h y n notic$ h[ mu* bright] ! sunlight seems to be aft] a ?und]-%[]8 h[ ke5ly we enjoy a victory aft] defeat seems c]ta98 ,:y is ?is8 ,because ! cl\ds by _! blackness make u appreciate ! sunlight2 & ! fe> ( los+ ! conte/ makes u d\bly glad :5 we w94 ,if we _h sun%9e all ! "t1 h[ monoton\s x w\ld be1 & h[ little we %\ld notice x6 ,& y mu/ see t if ! o!r side 9 a conte/ 7 v weak1 we %\ld n d]ive mu* pleasure f ! outcome4 ,all nature is full ( ^! contra/s3 joy & sorr[1 light & d>kness1 success & failure1 are always ar\nd u4 ,s lit]ature1 :i* deals ) nature1 conta9s ^! contra/s1 too4 ,9 lit]ature1 ! contra/ is us$ to impress ^u u "s idea or picture m completely ?an c\ld be done by m]ely describ+ x4 ,?is is done by plac+ be=e u ! idea & its opposite3 x is l plac+ a d>k scre5 beh9d a :ite m>ble /atue4 ,?is be+ s1 we c easily see h[ necess>y x is = u to recognize ^! contra/s 9 ord] t we may pres5t !m ) our voices to ! li/5]s4 ,let u take a few simple examples4 ,our gr&p>5ts tell u t x took !m sixty days to cross ! ocean f ,engl& to ,am]ica2 & n[1 we "k1 x takes b six4 ,! be/ way to %[ h[ great an advance ?is c5tury has made 9 boat-build+ w\ld be by contra/+ ! pa/ & ! pres5t4 ,we might say3 8,x took my gr&p>5ts sixty days1 9 a sail+ vessel1 to cross ! ocean1 b n[ we g by /eam 9 six40 ,aga93 8,la/ week ,i 0 sleigh+ & skat+ 9 ,m9neapolis2 b to-day ,i am pluck+ violets & japonicas 9 ! g>d5s ( ,savannah40 ,9 bo? examples y obs]ve t ! conclud+ idea ( ! s5t5ce is made m /rik+ because ( ! contra/ x makes ) ! fir/ "p4 ,be sure to be> ?is 9 m9d4 ,a contra/ is made up ( two ideas1 & y mu/ h bo? ( !m 9 m9d or y\r read+ w be a failure4 ,d y n see t ?is is true8 ,if y 7 to say 8,i am pluck+ violets 9 ,savannah to-day10 !re w\ld be v little emotion %[n 9 y\r voice3 y w\ld be mak+ j an ord9>y /atem5t4 ,b if y 7 ?9k+ ( ! great *ange y _h made2 h[ /range x 0 t y %\ld be 9 ! mid/ ( w9t] "o week & 9 ! mid/ ( spr+ ! next1 !n ! contra/ w\ld be su* a pleasant "o t y\r voice w\ld be full ( joy1 & y\r joy w\ld be l>gely ! result ( ! contra/4 ,if y _h violets all ! ye> r\nd1 p]haps y w\ld h>dly notice !m4 ,"h are two m examples ( contra/1 m difficult to express1 b m beautiful ?an ! o!rs4 ,imag9e a noble w>rior ^: :ole life is devot$ to good de$s4 ,imag9e him z he speaks ! foll[+ words descriptive ( ! old "t t\rnam5t4 ,!n imag9e h[ grateful he w\ld feel = ! relief aft] ! fi]ce /ruggle1 a relief s beautifully describ$ by ! au?or3 ,my good blade c>ves ! casques ( m51 ,my t\gh lance ?ru/e? sure1 ,my /r5g? is z ! /r5g? ( t51 ,because my he>t is pure4 ,! %att]+ trumpet %rille? high1 ,! h>d br&s %iv] on ! /eel1 ,! spl9t]$ spe>-%afts crack & fly1 ,! horse & rid] reel4 ,!y reel1 !y roll1 9 clang+ li/s1 ,& :5 ! tide ( combat /&s1 ,p]fume & fl[]s fall 9 %[]s1 ,t lightly ra9 f ladies' h&s4 --,sir ,galahad4 ,,t5nyson4 ,9 ?is next example1 we h ! picture ( a k+ :o is puni%$ = 8 pride by be+ depriv$ ( all 8 p[]1 weal?1 & fri5ds4 ,see h[ p[]ful ! contra/ he makes z he1 :o %\ld be ma/]1 rides 9 mock /ate amid ! spl5dor ( 8 c\rti]s4 ,! ^w 8he0 9 ! fir/ l9e does n ref] to ! k+1 b to ano!r4 ,!n he dep>t$ ) !m o'er ! sea1 ,into ! lovely l& ( ,italy1 ,^: lovel9ess 0 m respl5d5t made ,by ! m]e pass+ ( t cavalcade1 ,) plumes1 & cloaks1 & h\s+s1 & ! /ir ,( jewel$ bridle & ( gold5 spur4 ,& lo6 among ! m5ials1 9 mock /ate1 ,^u a piebald /e$1 ) %ambl+ gait1 ,8 cloak ( foxtails flapp+ 9 ! w9d1 ,! solemn ape demurely p]*$ beh9d1 ,k+ ,rob]t rode1 mak+ huge m]rim5t ,9 all ! c\ntry t[ns ?r\gh :i* !y w5t4 --,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily4 ,,longfell[4 ,let u rememb] t contra/s are ( two k9ds3 logical & emotional4 ,! =m] are l>gely anti!ses1 su* z 8,i said ,john1 n ,*>les10 & w ne$ b casual att5tion4 ,! pupils w p]ceive !m )\t difficulty4 ,! o!r class ne$ mu* c>e4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important fact t ! tea*] mu/ be> 9 m9d conc]n+ ^!1 is t _! successful r5dition dep5ds ^u ! pupils' keep+ bo? p>ts ( ! contra/s 9 m9d1 ! fir/ s]v+ z a backgr\nd1 or relief1 = ! second4 ,j z contra/s 9 lit]ature af=d v>iety & relief1 s ! read+ al\d ( contra/s gives great v>iety 9 vocal expression4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,climaxes ,9 ,g5ung's ,practical ,rhetoric we f9d ! foll[+ def9ition ( ,climax3 8,?is figure1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! law t a ?\ght mu/ h progress1 is ! ord]+ ( ?\ght & expression s t !re %all be uni=m & evid5t increase 9 significance1 or int]e/1 or int5sity40 ,an excell5t illu/ration ( increase 9 ,significance is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ spee* f ,regulus3 ,! artisan _h =sak5 8 %op1 ! judge 8 tribunal1 ! prie/ ! sanctu>y1 & ev5 ! /]n /oic _h come =? f 8 retirem5t4 ,"h ! au?or desires to %[ t ! return ( ,regulus _h ?r[n all ,c>?age into a /ate ( int5se excitem5t4 ,! artisan1 :o c\ld ill af=d to lose 8 day's labor1 _h left 8 %op to jo9 ! ?rong t 0 tak+ its way to ! great squ>e ( ! city4 ,! judge1 ^: duty x 0 to adm9i/] ju/ice1 c\ld n refra9 f jo9+ ! cr[d4 ,! prie/1 ^: sacr$ (fice 0 to t5d ! alt>s ( ! gods1 he too1 = once1 0 neglect+ 8 duty4 ,& ev5 ! /]n /oic1 ^: philosophy taught him to rema9 unmov$ "u any & all conditions ( life1 ev5 he1 p]=ce1 mu/ mix ) ! multitude ?rong+ ! ,c>?ag9ian /reets4 ,ea* succe$+ clause pres5ts to u a m unusual di/urbance ( ! normal condition ( ,c>?ag9ian affairs2 & ! climax is rea*$ :5 ev5 ! man ^: :ole philosophy tea*es him nev] to be mov$1 is impell$ to d viol5ce to 8 life-long convictions4 ,9 ! foll[+ l9es f ,"l ,*a?am's spee* we h an illu/ration ( ! climax ( ,int5sity3 ,if ,i 7 an ,am]ican1 z ,i am an ,engli%man1 :ile a =eign troop 0 l&$ 9 my c\ntry1 ,i nev] w\ld lay d[n my arms6 ,nev]6 ,nev]6 ,nev]6 ,! v]bal expression does n progress2 & yet ! emotion increas+ 9 =ce1 z ! m9d dwells ^u ! ?\ght1 f9ds v5t 9 increas+ int5sity ( vocal expression4 ,x may be well to note t by increas+ ! int5sity is n necess>ily meant great] l\dness or high] pit*2 b great] int5sity ( feel+1 :i* may result 9 great] l\dness or high] pit*1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 9 deep]1 m controll$1 or m dignifi$ expression4 ,we h ?us f> be5 consid]+ simple & palpable =ms ( climaxes4 ,let u turn n[ to ! exam9ation ( ! m difficult & complex4 ,! foll[+ spee* is utt]$ by ,m>ullus1 "o ( ! tribunes1 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! fir/ act ( ,julius ,caes>4 ,we recall ! fact t ,m>ullus appe>s to be greatly surpris$ t ! citiz5s ( ,rome %\ld dress !mselves 9 holiday g>b & make holiday to celebrate ! return ( ! victori\s ,caes>4 ,he inquires ( !m :at is _! purpose 9 ?us celebrat+2 &1 aft] consid]able bant]+1 "o ( ! cr[d rem>ks t !y make holiday to see ,caes>1 & to rejoice 9 8 triumph1 :]eupon ,m>ullus speaks3 ,:]e=e rejoice8 ,:at conque/ br+s he home8 ,:at tribut>ies foll[ him to ,rome1 ,to grace 9 captive bonds 8 *>iot :eels8 ,y blocks1 y /ones1 y worse ?an s5seless ?+s6 ,o y h>d he>ts1 y cruel m5 ( ,rome1 ,knew y n ,pompey8 ,_m a "t & (t ,h y climb'd up to walls & battlem5ts1 ,to t[]s & w9d[s1 yea1 to *imney-tops1 ,y\r infants 9 y\r arms1 & !re h sat ,! livelong day1 ) pati5t expectation1 ,to see great ,pompey pass ! /reets ( ,rome3 ,& :5 y saw 8 *>iot b appe>1 ,h y n made an univ]sal %\t1 ,t ,tib] trembl$ und]nea? h] banks1 ,to he> ! replication ( y\r s\nds ,made 9 h] concave %ores8 ,& d y n[ put on y\r be/ attire8 ,& d y n[ cull out a holiday8 ,& d y n[ /rew fl[]s 9 8 way1 ,t comes 9 triumph ov] ,pompey's blood8 ,be gone6 ,run to y\r h\ses1 fall ^u y\r knees1 ,pray to ! gods to int]mit ! plague ,t ne$s mu/ light on ?is +ratitude4 ,! fir/ ?ree ideas are arrang$ 9 ord] ( climax4 ,x may be t]m$ a climax ( ,significance4 ,b we mu/ n lose sight ( ! fact t1 ?r\gh\t ! spee*1 z ! emotion ( ,m>ullus increases1 we %all h a climax 9 ,int5sity4 ,9 l9e #d1 we h ano!r climax1 rea*+ its height on ! ^w 8worse40 ,!n1 ) 8_m a "t & (t10 beg9s ano!r climax1 :i*1 ) occasional dim9utions1 cont9ues to 8%ores40 ,9 ! next f\r l9es we h a climax :i* is int5sifi$ by contra/4 ,! ^w 8n[0 is full ( repro( & condemnation2 & by ! "t ! speak] utt]s ! words 8ov] ,pompey's blood0 he is s ov]come ) ! enormity ( ! crime t1 ) ! utmo/ f]vor1 he urges ! mob to run to _! h\ses & pray to ! gods to refra9 f visit+ ^u _! heads ! rightful puni%m5t ( _! +ratitude4 ,?is cursory analysis ( ! spee* has %[n u t :ile !re is a /eady increase 9 int5sity f ! fir/ ^w to ! la/1 !re are1 besides1 _m small] climaxes 9 ,significance4 ,we f9d ^! 9 l9es #a to #c1 l9e #d1 l9es #f to #af1 l9es #ag to #bj1 l9es #bb to #bd4 ,x may be said 9 pass+1 t ! climax 9 l9es #ag to #bj =ms a v int]e/+ /udy4 8,be/ attire10 8holiday10 8/rew fl[]s 9 8 way10 are pla9ly arrang$ 9 ord] ( climax1 :ile ! ?ree 8n['s0 are evid5tly an anti-climax4 ,! fir/ 8n[0 is mo/ significant1 :ile ! la/ is ( v little importance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fact ( /rew+ fl[]s 9 ,caes>'s way is cle>ly a v mu* m /rik+ m>k ( _! +ratitude ?an t ( m]ely putt+ on _! be/ attire4 ,j z 9 ! long p>agraph t we h analyz$ we f9d a climax1 s 9 a drama or 9 a poem we f9d ?is /eady progression4 ,t sc5e :i* is ! climax ( ! action is gradually l$ up to by successive /eps1 ea* "o m significant & int5se ?an ! prec$+4 ,! arti/ is c>eful n to de/roy 8 effect by anti-climax1 = to d s w\ld be to less5 ! int]e/ ( ! audi5ce1 & consequ5tly defeat ! v purpose ( ! drama or /ory4 ,! play ( ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice illu/rates ?is4 ,ea* sc5e manife/ly increases ! int5sity :i* f9ally culm9ates 9 ! trial sc5e1 aft] :i* ! play1 be+ a com$y1 desc5ds to a re/ful close at ! end ( ! fif? act4 ,9 recitation ! ord9>y climax ( ,significance pres5ts no great difficulty = ! read]4 ,z soon z he appreciates ! fact ( ! gr[? 9 significance1 he w manife/ t increase 9 great] l\dness or int5sity1 or increase ( passion4 ,x may be well to repeat t ! increase ne$ n be 9 l\dness1 nor is x necess>y t ! pit* ( ! voice be rais$2 b !re w unque/ionably be "s =m ( climax 9 ! expression4 ,! difficulty beg9s :5 ! climax is made up ( small] climaxes1 z 9 ! example f ,julius ,caes>1 or :5 a climax is1 s to speak1 "o ( consid]able l5g?4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! utmo/ c>e mu/ be us$ to husb& "o's res\rces1 t :5 ! mom5t ( int5se/ feel+ is rea*$1 !re %all be suffici5t p[] to produce ! requir$ result4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ defects 9 oratory1 recitation1 & act+1 is ! inability to pres5t climaxes arti/ically4 ,ei!r f a failure to p]ceive _! lit]>y value1 or f lack ( control1 or o!r limitations ( te*nique1 ! effect is (t5 spoil$1 ) mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,! /ud5t1 !n1 is advis$ to det]m9e c>efully t po9t ( a passage or /ory :]e ! /ronge/ effect is to be made1 & !n to be c>eful to subord9ate all else to ?is4 ,,gradation ,?is feature ( lit]>y art may appropriately be consid]$ 9 connection ) ,climax4 ,! law ( gradation dem&s t ! progress f ! small] to ! great] be gradual & regul>4 ,9 ! musical & elocution>y arts ?is is by no means an easy task1 & great c>e mu/ be tak5 to res]ve ! /ronge/ effects = ! culm9ation ( ! climax4 ,?is is n difficult :5 ! climax is %ort1 b 9 ! long] examples "o requires all ! art at 8 comm&4 ,to assi/ 9 r5d]+ a climax arti/ically1 let ! read] be> 9 m9d ! end f ! beg9n+4 ,!n ! temptation to ov]do ! less important details w be r$uc$4 ,,antony4 ,o1 p>don me1 ?\ ble$+ piece ( e>?1 ,t ,i am meek & g5tle ) ^! but*]s6 ,?\ art ! ru9s ( ! noble/ man ,t ev] livd 9 ! tide ( times4 ,woe to ! h& t %$ ?is co/ly blood6 ,ov] ?y w\nds n[ d ,i prophesy1-- ,:i*1 l dumb m\?s1 d ope _! ruby lips ,to beg ! voice & utt]ance ( my tongue1-- ,a curse %all light ^u ! limbs ( m52 ,dome/ic fury & fi]ce civil /rife1 ,%all cumb] all ! p>ts ( ,italy2 ,blood & de/ruction %all be s 9 use1 ,& dreadful objects s famili>1 ,t mo!rs %all b smile :5 !y behold ,_! infants qu>t]$ ) ! h&s ( w>1 ,all pity *ok$ ) cu/om ( fell de$s2 ,& ,caes>'s _s1 rang+ = rev5ge1 ,) ,at by 8 side1 come hot f hell1 ,%all 9 ^! conf9es ) a mon>*'s voice ,cry 8,havoc60 & let slip ! dogs ( w>2 ,t ?is f\l de$ %all smell above ! e>? ,) c>rion m5 groan+ = burial4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #a4 ,,cassius4 ,i "k t virtue to be 9 y1 ,brutus1 ,z well z ,i d "k y\r outw>d favor4 ,well1 honor is ! subject ( my /ory4-- ,i _c tell :at y & o!r m5 ,?9k ( ?is life2 b = my s+le self1 ,i _h z lief n be1 z live to be ,9 awe ( su* a ?+ z ,i myself4 ,i 0 born free z ,caes>2 s 7 y3 ,we bo? h f$ z well1 & we c bo? ,endure ! w9t]'s cold z well z he3 ,= once1 ^u a raw & gu/y day1 ,! tr\bl$ ,tib] *af+ ) h] %ores1 ,caes> said to me1 8,d>e/ ?\1 ,cassius1 n[ ,leap 9 ) me into ?is angry flood1 ,& swim to yond] po9t80--,^u ! ^w1 ,acc\tr$ z ,i 01 ,i plungd 91 ,& bade him foll[3 s1 inde$1 he did4 ,! torr5t ro>$1 & we did buffet x ,) lu/y s9ews1 ?r[+ x aside ,& /emm+ x ) he>ts ( controv]sy2 ,b ere we c\ld arrive ! po9t propos$1 ,caes> cri$1 8,help me1 ,cassius1 or ,i s9k40 ,i1 z neas1 our great ance/or1 ,did f ! flames ( ,troy ^u 8 %\ld] ,! old ,an*ises be>1 s f ! waves ( ,tib] ,did ,i ! tird ,caes>4 ,& ?is man ,is n[ become a god2 & ,cassius is ,a wret*$ creature1 & mu/ b5d 8 body ,if ,caes> c>elessly b nod on him4 ,he _h a fev] :5 he 0 9 ,spa91 ,& :5 ! fit 0 on him1 ,i did m>k ,h[ he did %ake3 'tis true1 ?is god did %ake3 ,8 c[>d lips did f _! color fly2 ,& t same eye1 ^: b5d do? awe ! _w1 ,did lose 8 lu/]4 ,i did he> him groan2 ,ay1 & t tongue ( 81 t bade ! ,romans ,m>k him1 & write 8 spee*es 9 _! books1 ,alas x cri$1 8,give me "s dr9k1 ,tit9ius10 ,z a sick girl4 ,ye gods1 x do? amaze me1 ,a man ( su* a feeble temp] %\ld ,s get ! />t ( ! maje/ic _w1 ,& be> ! palm alone4 ,%\t4 ,fl\ri%4 ,,brutus4 ,ano!r g5]al %\t6 ,i d believe t ^! applauses are ,= "s new honors t are heap$ on ,caes>4 ,,cassius4 ,:y1 man1 he do? be/ride ! n>r[ _w1 ,l a ,colossus2 & we petty m5 ,walk "u 8 huge legs1 & peep ab\t ,to f9d ourselves di%onorable graves4 ,m5 at "s "t are ma/]s ( _! fates3 ,! fault1 de> ,brutus1 is n 9 our />s1 ,b 9 ourselves1 t we are und]l+s4 ,brutus1 & ,caes>3 :at %\ld be 9 t ,caes>8 ,:y %\ld t "n be s\nd$ m ?an y\rs8 ,write !m toge!r1 y\rs is z fair a "n2 ,s\nd !m1 x do? become ! m\? z well2 ,weigh !m1 x is z heavy2--conjure ) 'em1 ,brutus w />t a _s z soon z ,caes>4 ,n[1 9 ! names ( all ! gods at once1 ,^u :at meat do? ?is our ,caes> fe$1 ,t he is gr[n s great8 ,age1 ?\ art %am$6 ,rome1 ?\ ha/ lo/ ! bre$ ( noble bloods6 ,:5 w5t !re by an age1 s9ce ! great flood1 ,b x 0 fam$ ) m ?an ) "o man8 ,:5 c\ld !y say1 till n[1 t talk$ ( ,rome1 ,t h] wide walls encompass$ b "o man8 ,n[ is x ,rome inde$1 & room en\gh1 ,:5 !re is 9 x b "o only man4 ,o1 y & ,i h he>d our fa!rs say1 ,!re 0 a ,brutus once t w\ld h brook$ ,! et]nal devil to keep 8 /ate 9 ,rome ,z easily z a k+4 --,julius ,caes>1 ,act i41 ,sc4 #b4 ,9 ! prec$+ illu/ration x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! description ( ! rescue ( ,caes> f ! ,tib] is only ! beg9n+ ( ,cassius' plan2 & t 8 object is to cite ! illu/rations ( ,caes>'s weakness1 & f9ally to lead up to t subtle flatt]y ) :i* ! 8,in/igation0 spee* closes4 ,x is an outrage to b9d a ,roman citiz52 to sc\rge him is an atroci\s crime2 to put him to dea? is almo/ p>ricide2 b to crucify him--:at %all ,i call x8 ,i "k x1 ,i conc$e x1 ,i confess x1 ,i proclaim x4 ,:5 a w9d f ! l&s !y _h ru9'd awoke f sleep1 ,& ! wat] began to heave & ! wea!r to moan4 ,if !re be "o among y :o c say t ev]1 9 public fight or private brawl1 my actions did belie my tongue1 let him /& =? & say x4 ,if !re be ?ree 9 all y\r company d>e face me on ! bloody s&s1 let !m come on4 ,o comrades1 w>riors1 ,?racians1--if we mu/ fight1 let u fight = ourselves6 ,if we mu/ slaught]1 let u slaught] our oppressors6 ,if we mu/ die1 let x be "u ! cle> sky1 by ! bright wat]1 9 noble1 honorable battle6 ,next morn+1 wak+ ) ! day's fir/ beam1 ,he said )9 himself1 8,x 0 a dream60 ,b ! /raw ru/l$ z he turn$ 8 head1 ,!re 7 ! cap & bells beside 8 b$2 ,ar\nd him rose ! b>e1 discolor$ walls1 ,close by1 ! /e$s 7 *amp+ 9 _! /alls1 ,& 9 ! corn]1 a revolt+ %ape1 ,%iv]+ & *att]+1 sat ! wret*$ ape4 ,x 0 no dream2 ! _w he lov$ s mu* ,_h turn$ to du/ & a%es at 8 t\*6 ,h ,i n1 s9ce fir/ my y\?ful arms c\ld wield a spe>1 conqu]$ y\r armies1 fir$ y\r t[ns1 & dragg$ y\r g5]als at my *>iot :eels8 ,rememb] t ,greece _h h] ,alex&]1 ,rome h] ,caes>1 ,engl& h] ,cromwell1 ,france h] ,bonap>te1 & t1 if we w\ld escape on ! rock on :i* !y split1 we mu/ avoid _! errors4 8,b1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 we h a "r to tax ,am]ica40 ,oh1 ine/imable "r6 ,oh1 wond]ful1 transc5d5t "r6 ! ass]tion ( :i* has co/ ?is c\ntry ?irte5 prov9ces1 six isl&s1 "o hundr$ ?\s& lives1 & sev5ty millions ( money4 ,?is la/ example is a peculi> "o4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances ?irte5 prov9ces w\ld be m valuable ?an six isl&s1 & surely "o hundr$ ?\s& lives are m valuable ?an sev5ty millions ( money4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! figures 9 ! la/ ?ree phrases c]ta9ly rise to a climax4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i ?9k x bett] to reg>d ?is z an oratorical climax1 und]/&+ ,burke n to h _h 9 m9d any?+ m ?an to pres5t ! losses ( ,engl&1 z ea* occurr$ to him1 :ile 8 emotion & indignation rise ) ea* enum]ation4 ,! climax is a v important feature 9 read+4 ,x /imulates ! imag9ation & feel+s1 &1 ?r\gh !m1 ! voice4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t no def9ite me?od ( express+ a climax vocally c be laid d[n4 ,9 "o case ! pit* may rise2 9 ano!r x may fall4 ,sometimes ! =ce increases2 at o!r times x dim9i%es4 ,h5ce1 ! admonition s (t5 giv5 mu/ be repeat$3 ,d n tell ! pupil to raise 8 voice1 or to speak l\d]4 ,"w at 8 imag9ation4 ,if !re be a climax !re1 x w come out 9 8 expression4 ,frequ5t drills 9 climax w d mu* to give flexibility1 p[]1 & range to ! voice4 ,& t1 too1 9 a f> m rational way ?an ?r\gh any me*anical ex]cises 9 pit* & =ce4 ,! foll[+ plan ( pres5t+ climaxes to classes has be5 f\nd extremely helpful3 ,read ! foll[+ s5t5ce c>efully to y\rself4 ,notice ea* clause1 & try to discov] if !re is n some?+ "h t we h n _h be=e4 ,i want to ask y n to read m ?an t s5t5ce until y h /udi$ ov] x = "s "t4 8,x is an outrage to b9d a ,roman citiz52 to sc\rge him is an atroci\s crime2 to put him to dea? is almo/ p>ricide2 b to crucify him--:at %all ,i call x80 ,we h "h ano!r me?od us$ by writ]s & speak]s = mak+ an idea m /rik+4 ,9 ?is case1 ! speak] is condemn+ "o :o has caus$ ! crucifixion ( a ,roman4 ,! orator desires to impress ^u ! judges ! s]i\sness ( ! (f5se4 ,h[ does he d x8 ,in/ead ( speak+ at once ab\t ! crucify+ ( ! victim1 he beg9s by %[+ t a f> less s]i\s puni%m5t 0 a grave (f5se aga9/ ! ,roman law4 ,he says1 8,x is an outrage to b9d a ,roman citiz540 ,!n he goes ano!r /ep1 say+3 8,to sc\rge him is an atroci\s crime40 ,worse /ill3 8,to put him to dea?0 7by any means7 8is almo/ p>ricide40 ,& n[1 hav+ %[n t less extreme me?ods ( puni%m5t 7 great crimes1 ! orator is ready = 8 f9al /atem5t3 8,b to crucify him--:at %all ,i call x80 ,9 o!r words1 ! speak] seems to h exhau/$ 8 vocabul>y 9 giv+ names to l[] crimes2 :5 he comes to a "n ) :i* to describe ! crime ( crucify+ a ,roman1 he f9ds 8 vocabul>y does n h "o /rong en\gh4 ,d y n see h[ p[]ful an effect su* an arrangem5t ( clauses mu/ h8 ,x is mu* /rong] ?an if ! speak] _h said m]ely1 8,i "k no ^w to describe ! crime ( crucify+ a ,roman citiz540 ,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 & expla9 h[ ! ?\ght is made m /rik+ by ?is k9d ( arrangem5t4 8,i "k x1 ,i conc$e x1 ,i confess x1 ,i proclaim x40 ,?is me?od ( increas+ ! effect is call$ climax4 ,:5ev]1 = any reason1 a speak] or writ] keeps on add+ ?\ght to ?\ght1 mak+ ea* succe$+ idea /rong] ?an ! prec$+1 we h a climax4 ,al?\gh y may nev] h call$ x by ?is "n y h us$ x _m times4 ,if y 7 det]m9$ to d a c]ta9 ?+ y might say1 8,i c d x1 ,i w d x1 ,i mu/ d x40 ,well1 t is a climax4 ,or y might say1 8,y c't h x = t5 doll>s1 = fifty doll>s1 = a hundr$ doll>s40 ,t is ano!r climax4 ,note ?is example3 8,if ,i 7 an ,am]ican1 z ,i am an ,engli%man1 :ile a =eign troop 0 l&$ 9 my c\ntry1 ,i nev] w\ld lay d[n my arms6 nev]6 nev]6 nev]60 ,?is1 too1 is a climax1 ea* ( ! la/ ?ree 8nev]'s0 be+ /rong] ?an ! prec$+4 ,if y w put y\rself 9 ! position ( ! speak]1 y w soon feel t ea* 8nev]0 aft] ! fir/ is ! result ( /rong]1 m int5se feel+4 ,if y w ?9k ( x 9 ?is way y w notice ! effect 9 y\r expression4 ,we %all close ?is lesson ) two illu/rations4 ,y\r tea*] w tell y ! /ory f :i* ^! extracts are tak51 & !n y w prep>e !m v c>efully1 tak+ p>ticul> pa9s to note ! climax 9 ea*4 ,:5 a w9d f ! l&s !y _h ru9'd awoke f sleep1 ,& ! wat] began to heave & ! wea!r to moan1 ,& or ev] t ev5+ end$ a great gale blew1 ,& a wave l a wave t is rais$ by an e>?quake grew1 ,till x smote on _! hulls & _! sails & _! ma/s & _! flags1 ,& ! :ole sea plung$ & fell on ! %ot-%att]'d navy ( ,spa91 ,& ! little ,rev5ge h]self w5t d[n by ! isl& crags1 ,to be lo/ ev]more 9 ! ma94 --,! ,rev5ge4 ,,t5nyson4 ,& ?ro' ! c5turies let a p's voice ,9 full acclaim1 ,a p's voice1 ,! pro( & e*o ( all human fame1 ,a p's voice1 :5 !y rejoice ,at civic revel & pomp & game1 ,atte/ _! great comm&]'s claim ,) honor1 honor1 honor1 honor to him1 ,et]nal honor to 8 "n4 --,ode on ! ,dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,,t5nyson4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,me?od ,9 tak+ leave ( ! p$agogy ( ! subject x may be pr(itable to review "s ( ! pr9cipal features ( ! me?od advocat$1 & add a few h9ts on m9or topics n treat$ else:]e4 ,! me?od h]e9 laid d[n aims to pres5t "o pr9ciple at a "t2 calls = specific prep>ation on ! "p ( ! pupils2 urges t !re be def9ite grad+ ( ! difficulties enc\nt]$ by *ildr5 9 le>n+ to read2 advises /rongly aga9/ call+ _! att5tion to ! vocal te*nique ( expression2 & la/ly1 holds out ! hope t ! impression w ev5tually f9d an outlet 9 true expression4 ,z at pres5t taught1 no di/9ction is drawn1 9 read+1 betwe5 ! easy & ! difficult1 ! simple & ! complex4 ,we tru/ t 9 ! sugge/ions ( ?is book w be f\nd at any rate a p>tial solution ( ! difficulty4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u pupils f ! outset t !y are /udy+ ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( o!rs t f9d expression 9 words ^u ! pr9t$ page4 ,!y mu/ discov] ! ?\ghts beh9d ! words & !n express !m2 t is all !re is to read+4 ,:ile x is believ$ t ! ord] ( ! /eps z "h outl9$ is a rational "o1 x is n claim$ t ?is ord] is h>d & fix$4 ,9 advanc$ classes1 :]e ! me?od has n be5 us$ 9 ! l[] grades1 ! tea*] %\ld endeavor to discov] ! p>ticul> weakness ( 8 pupils1 & use ) !m ! /ep mo/ likely to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,or if x is ?\ght advisable1 he may />t ) ! fir/ /ep & cov] all ! gr\nd 9 "o grade z fa/ z ! pupils c absorb ! _s ( ea* /ep4 ,b x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t c>elessness 9 read+ is a habit n easily eradicat$2 &1 fur!r1 t because a pupil satisfactorily prep>es a lesson 91 let u say1 gr\p+1 he w n necess>ily h =m$ ! habit ( gr\p+ correctly4 ,we are deal+ ) complicat$ psy*ical ph5om5a1 & until ! eye1 ! memory1 ! voice1 9 fact1 all ! elem5ts ( expression are ?or\ghly co-ord9at$1 we are 9 con/ant dang] ( error4 ,! "t deem$ necess>y 9 public s*ools to complete all ! /eps1 is ab\t two ye>s1 beg9n+ ) ! grade ?ird or f\r? bel[ ! highe/4 ,be=e ! pupils rea* t grade1 ! sole ef=t ( ! tea*] %\ld be direct$ to mak+ ! read+ vital & mean+ful4 ,if ?is is done ! "w ( subsequ5t tea*]s w be relatively easy4 ,avoid1 & ! admonition is repeat$ once m1 talk+ to ! pupils ab\t inflection1 pause1 & ! l4 ,^! are in/9ctive manife/ations ( m5tal /ates1 & w appe> :5 ! conditions are "r4 ,let ! tea*] n foll[ slavi%ly ! ord] ( lessons 9 ! regul> read+ book4 ,let him *oose su* selections or p>ts ( !m z (f] ! be/ opportunity = practice :]e ! class mo/ ne$s x4 ,let him fur!r f9d extracts f outside s\rces = class use4 ,^! may be writt5 on ! bo>d or mimeograph$4 ,x has be5 said t we mu/ h a te*nique if we w\ld read4 ,?is may be grant$2 b x is equally to be grant$ t ! pr9cipal te*nique is m5tal1 &1 moreov]1 t1 9 ! public s*ools1 our aim is to produce simple1 natural1 expressive read]s1 n arti/ic actors & orators4 ,!re is1 !n1 no necessity = drills on inflection1 "t1 modulation1 & ! l1 z su*4 ,give ! pupil all ! drill t is necess>y on ! /ates ( m9d produc+ ^! effects1 b let u nev] sep>ate ! te*nique f ! m5tal condition t w f9d in/9ctive expression 9 t te*nique4#ad ,expression gr[s ?r\gh express+4 ,if we w be> ?is 9 m9d1 & pres5t ! "r ?\ghts & emotions to be express$1 at ! "r "t1 !re %\ld & w be no difficulty4 ,x is sugge/$ t1 p]haps once a week1 %ort extracts be committ$ & recit$ be=e ! class4 ,!re ne$ be no ge/ure1 j simple say+4 ,su* a proc$ure w give ! pupil confid5ce1 develop 8 e>ne/ness1 improve 8 voice1 & 9 e way affect = good ! read+ _s ( ! class4 ,:]e a suitable selection c be f\nd1 x w be well to give a /anza to ea* pupil4 ,a ^w may be add$ ab\t ! recitations t =m s l>ge a "p ( ! clos+ ex]cises 9 our s*ools4 ,if ! recitation 7 an hone/1 legitimate pres5tation ( ! read+ z taught 9 ! s*ool1 !re c\ld be no objection to x2 b 9 mo/ cases x is any?+ b ?is4 ,special tea*]s are call$ 9 to 8coa*0 ! /ud5ts1 & ! result is f> f satisfactory4 ,a few lessons c seldom make a read]1 & :]e t plan p>tially succe$s1 s mu* great] is ! hypocrisy2 = ! read+ /&s = ! "w ( ! s*ool r ?an = t ( an individual tea*]4 ,a true %[+ ( ! "w ( ! s*ool1 & "o t w\ld 9 "t be he>tily appreciat$ by p>5ts1 w\ld be to select ! good read]s 7a few h9ts to !m are all t w\ld be necess>y71 & let !m1 book 9 h&1 read z !y w\ld 9 class4 ,if ! class read+ has be5 good1 s w be ! individual read+2 o!rwise x has no bus9ess to p>ade "u false colors at public ex]cises4 ,to :at ext5t %all pupils imitate8 ,no fix$ rule %\ld be laid d[n1 b "o might say t !y %\ld nev] attempt to imitate inflections1 pauses1 rate ( movem5t1 & ! l4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re seems to be mu* value 9 /imulat+ ! pupils' imag9ation by hav+ ! tea*] read c]ta9 emotional passages = !m4 ,!y !n may cat* ! _s ( ! selection )\t any consci\s ef=t at imitation4 ,!re are _m :o tra9 a class to read 9 conc]t f imitation4 ,! results ( su* tra9+ are worse ?an baneful1 lead+ only to inane1 affect$ expression4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,o!r examples %\ld be f\nd by ! tea*]4 ,) a little c>e mu* valuable mat]ial may be select$4 #h ,f ! introduction to ! au?or's 8,h[ to ,read ,al\d10 :i* is out ( pr9t4 ,all ! ess5tial features1 h[ev]1 are includ$ 9 ! pres5t "w4 #i ,! tea*] %\ld select ! examples1 n too _m1 & write !m on ! bo>d2 or !y may be select$ f ! read]4 ,drills ( ?is k9d %\ld be cont9u$ until correct habits are =m$1 b %\ld cease be=e ! pupils become tir$ ( !m4 #aj ,! s\rces ( mo/ ( ! foll[+ exc]pts are giv5 9 ord] t ! /ud5t may ref] to ! context :5 necess>y4 ,x is urg$1 h[ev]1 t1 s9ce ! extracts are tak5 f lit]ature q available1 ! tea*] ref] to ! context z (t5 z possible4 #aa ,i4 e41 in/ant4 #ab ,a good example to illu/rate succession ( ideas4 #ac ,x w\ld occupy too mu* space to ins]t ! complete poems m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,^! are all1 h[ev]1 easily available1 & x is hop$ t ! tea*] w read !m4 #ad ,a great deal ( :at seems to be unnecess>y confusion exi/s reg>d+ ! mean+ ( ?is t]m4 ,x is us$ v freely to mean n only me*anical facility1 b also t facility plus ! k ( :]e & h[ to use x1 a mean+ :i* leads to confusion4 ,te*nique is 8a collective t]m = all t relates to ! purely me*anical "p ( ei!r vocal or in/rum5tal p]=mance4 ,! te*nique ( a p]=m] may be p]fect1 & yet 8 play+ 444 fail to int]pret intelligibly ! ideas ( ! compos]40 ,^! words f ! ,c5tury ,diction>y ought to settle ?is misund]/&+ effectually4 ,,"p ,,?ree ,,lit]>y ,,int]pretation ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,lit]>y ,,int]pretation ,9 ! conclud+ "p ( ?is "w x is purpos$ to lay be=e ! tea*] "s examples ( lit]>y int]pretation4 ,! object ( ^! is to assi/ him to a deep] insight into lit]ature1 & h5ce to become a bett] read] & tea*] ( read+4 ,x is n too mu* to say t we accept z good read+ :at is (t5 ! rev]se simply because ! subject matt] does n appeal to u or is only p>tly appreciat$4 ,a pupil may read su* a passage z ! foll[+ 9 a commonplace way1 & be complim5t$ by "o tea*] = 8 di/9ct articulation & =ceful utt]ance1 :]eas a tea*] :o appreciat$ ! true _s ( ! l9es w\ld sev]ely condemn ! read+4 ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day2 ,! l[+ h]d w9ds sl[ly o'er ! lea2 ,! pl[man homew>d plods 8 we>y way1 ,& leaves ! _w to d>kness & to me4 ,! explanation ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! attitudes ( ! tea*]s is t ! =m] has no appreciation ( ! _s ( ! l9es1 :ile ! latt] ke5ly feels _! t5d]ness1 _! beauty1 & _! p5sive solemnity4 ,! be/ way to le>n to love good lit]ature is to /udy only good lit]ature1 & to /udy x aga91 aga9 & aga94 ,:at is truly great art _c be appreh5d$ at a glance1 b requires "t = its fulle/ appreciation4 ,we believe1 h[ev]1 t x is good p$agogy1 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 to lay be=e ! tea*] c]ta9 examples ( :at c>eful analysis may reveal4 ,! effect ( su* analysis ^u ! read+ mu/ be evid5t to all4 ,we h already disc]n$ t all analysis prep>atory to read+ al\d is virtually lit]>y analysis4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ! *apt]s on ,climax & on ,contra/4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 to deal only ) c]ta9 broad] aspects ( lit]>y appreciation1 9 connection ) :i* we %all endeavor to %[ ! application ( ! pr9ciples discuss$ 9 ,p>ts ,i & ,,ii to vocal int]pretation4 ,,/udy ,,9 ,,rhy?m ,x is a truism to /ate t e poem %\ld be a unity1 b we (t5 =get a mo/ important coroll>y1 t e l9e %\ld be scann$ ) a view to det]m9e t unity4 ,x is only 9 s f> z we und]/& ! p>ts t we und]/& ! :ole4 ,let u illu/rate ?is pr9ciple 9 ! foll[+ well-kn[n poem3 ,,h[ ,,!y ,,br\ght ,,! ,,good ,,news ,,f ,,gh5t ,,to ,,aix ,,rob]t ,,br[n+ ,i sprang to ! /irrup1 & ,joris1 & he2 ,i gallop$1 ,dirck gallop$1 we gallop$ all ?ree3 8,good spe$60 cri$ ! wat*1 z ! gate-bolts undrew2 8,spe$60 e*o$ ! wall to u gallop+ ?r\gh2 ,beh9d %ut ! po/]n1 ! lights sank to re/1 ,& into ! midnight we gallop$ abrea/4 ,n a ^w to ea* o!r2 we kept ! great pace ,neck by neck1 /ride by /ride1 nev] *ang+ our place2 ,i turn$ 9 my saddle & made its gir?s tight1 ,!n %ort5$ ea* /irrup1 & set ! pique "r1 ,rebuckl$ ! *eck-/rap1 *a9$ slack] ! bit1 ,nor gallop$ less /eadily ,rol& a :it4 ',twas moonset at />t+2 b :ile we drew ne> ,lok]51 ! cocks crew & twilight dawn$ cle>1 ,at ,boom1 a great yell[ /> came out to see2 ,at ,duffeld1 'twas morn+ z pla9 z c\ld be2 ,& f ,me*eln *ur*-/eeple we he>d ! half *ime1 ,s ,joris broke sil5ce )1 8,yet !re is "t60 ,at ,a]s*ot1 up leap$ ( a sudd5 ! sun1 ,& aga9/ him ! cattle /ood black e "o1 ,to />e ?r\gh ! mi/ at u gallop+ pa/1 ,& ,i saw my /\t gallop] ,rol& at la/1 ,) resolute %\ld]s1 ea* butt+ away ,! haze1 z "s bluff riv] headl& its spray4 ,& 8 long head & cre/1 j "o %>p e> b5t back ,= my voice1 & ! o!r prick$ out on 8 track2 ,& "o eye's black intellig5ce1--ev] t glance ,o'er its :ite edge at me1 8 own ma/]1 askance6 ,& ! ?ick heavy spume-flakes :i* aye & anon ,8 fi]ce lips %ook upw>ds 9 gallop+ on4 ,by ,hasselt1 ,dirck groan$2 & cri$ ,joris1 8,/ay spur6 ,y\r ,roos gallop$ bravely1 ! fault's n 9 h]2 ,we'll rememb] at ,aix10--= "o he>d ! quick :eeze ,( h] *e/1 saw ! /ret*$ neck & /agg]+ knees1 ,& sunk tail1 & horrible heave ( ! flank1 ,z d[n on h] haun*es %e %udd]$ & sank4 ,s we 7 left gallop+1 ,joris & ,i1 ,pa/ ,looz & pa/ ,tongres1 no cl\d 9 ! sky2 ,! broad sun above laugh$ a pitiless laugh1 ',nea? our feet broke ! bright brittle /ubble l *aff2 ,till ov] by ,dalhem a dome-spire sprang :ite1 ,& 8,gallop10 gasp$ ,joris1 8= ,aix is 9 sight60 8,h[ !y'll greet u60--& all 9 a mom5t 8 roan ,roll$ neck & cr\p ov]1 lay dead z a /one2 ,& !re 0 my ,rol& to be> ! :ole weight ,( ! news :i* alone c\ld save ,aix f h] fate1 ,) 8 no/rils l pits full ( blood to ! brim1 ,& ) circles ( r$ = 8 eye-sockets' rim4 ,!n ,i ca/ loose my buff coat1 ea* hol/] let fall1 ,%ook (f bo? my jack-boots1 let g belt & all1 ,/ood up 9 ! /irrup1 lean$1 patt$ 8 e>1 ,call$ my ,rol& 8 pet-"n1 my horse )\t pe]2 ,clapp$ my h&s1 laugh$ & sang1 any noise1 bad or good1 ,till at l5g? into ,aix ,rol& gallop$ & /ood4 ,& all ,i rememb] is1 fri5ds flock+ r\nd ,z ,i sat ) 8 head 'twixt my knees on ! gr\nd1 ,& no voice b 0 prais+ ?is ,rol& ( m9e1 ,z ,i p\r$ d[n 8 ?roat our la/ measure ( w9e1 ,:i* 7! burgesses vot$ by common cons5t7 ,0 no m ?an 8 due :o br\ght good news f ,gh5t4 ,! c5tral idea 9 ?is poem is ,rol&2 n ! rid]1 n ! hi/orical elem5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! poem has no hi/orical basis4 ,br[n+ tells u some:]e t aft] a tiresome & t$i\s sea voyage he long$ = a gallop ov] ! ,engli% d[ns1 & t ?is poem is a result ( t long+4 ,! rhy?m ( ! poem is peculi>ly adapt$ to express ! b\nd+ joy ( ! poet1 & is 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! long1 monoton\s roll ( ocean waves4 ,on /udy+ ! poem1 we note ! abs5ce ( any b cursory ref]5ce to ! rid]1 &1 on ! contr>y1 ! con/ant ref]5ce to ! real h]o1 ,rol&4 ,"o might imag9e a sett+ = ! l9es some?+ z foll[s3 ,ar\nd a camp-fire are ga!r$ _m vet]ans ( ! w>s4 ,!y are tell+ ( ! gallant de$s ( _! w> /e$s1 :5 "o ( _! numb] />ts up & says3 8,y talk ( y\r horses2 h y ev] he>d ( m9e8 ,h y he>d h[ my ,rol& help$ to save ,aix8 ,no8 ,let me tell y4 ,y rememb] s-&-s's fam\s campaign1 & h[ ! enemy 7 prep>+ to take ,aix4 ,y "k1 too1 t ! (fic] 9 comm& _h no hope ( sav+ ! city & 0 prep>+ to capitulate ! mom5t ! enemy began ! attack4 ,well1 "o night1 j aft] we _h turn$ 91 a mess5g] came 9 hot ha/e to tell u t ! k+ himself _h t day />t$ to relieve ! city & t we mu/ c>ry ! good news to ,aix & ?us enc\rage !m to hold out until 8 arrival4 ,our comm&] call$ = ?ree volunte]s to und]take ! dang]\s task ( he>+ ! news4 ,we--,joris1 ,dirck1 & ,i--(f]$ our s]vices4 ,!y 7 accept$1 & a mom5t aft] we _h receiv$ our in/ructions1 #8,i sprang to ! /irrup1 & ,joris1 & he2'0 ,f n[ on obs]ve h[ ! poet fixes our att5tion on ,rol&4 ,nor gallop$ less /eadily ,rol& a :it4 ,& ,i saw my /\t gallop] ,rol& at la/1 ,) resolute %\ld]s1 ea* butt+ away ,! haze1 z "s bluff riv] headl& its spray4 ,& !re 0 my ,rol& to be> ! :ole weight ,( ! news :i* alone c\ld save ,aix f h] fate1 ,till at l5g? into ,aix ,rol& gallop$ & /ood4 ,& no voice b 0 prais+ ?is ,rol& ( m9e4 ,! :ole ( ! fif? /anza is devot$ to praise ( ,rol&2 :ile ! failure ( ! horses ( ,joris & ,dirck s]ves b to enhance ! glory ( ,rol&'s feat4 ,z soon z we p]ceive ! mean+ ( ! poem--its c5tral ?\ght--! entire read+ becomes p]meat$ ) ! joy & exultation ( ! rid] 9 8 /e$4 ,! poem is well adapt$ to develop vocal flexibility1 & fre$om ( expression4 ,t5nyson's ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade af=ds ano!r opportunity = analysis4 ,! atmosph]e ( ?is poem is t ( a dirge4 ,?is does n mean t we snivel & :9e :ile r5d]+ x1 b t ! :ole poem is envelop$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( dignifi$ solemnity4 ,x is true t ?is is n ! popul> view1 :i* seems to be t ,t5nyson wrote ! poem to af=d ! read] an opportunity ( mak+ descriptive ge/ures4 ,t5nyson's he>t a*$ = ^? brave fell[s 9 _! useless sacrifice2 & he wrote ! poem1 n prim>ily to %[ h[ !y f\ght1 b t !y f\ght 9 va94 ,true1 !re is a ve9 ( /irr+ patriotism 9 ! l9es1 b all t is inf]ior 9 importance to ! dignifi$ solemnity & controll$ pa?os ( ! speak]4 ,,! ,,*>ge ,,( ,,! ,,light ,,brigade ,,t5nyson ,half a league1 half a league1 ,half a league onw>d1 ,all 9 ! valley ( ,dea? ,rode ! six hundr$4 8,=w>d1 ! ,light ,brigade6 ,*>ge = ! guns60 he said3 ,into ! valley ( ,dea? ,rode ! six hundr$4 8,=w>d1 ! ,light ,brigade60 ,0 !re a man dismay$8 ,n ?o' ! soldi] knew ,"s "o _h blund]'d3 ,!irs n to make reply1 ,!irs n to reason :y1 ,!irs b to d & die3 ,into ! valley ( ,dea? ,rode ! six hundr$4 ,cannon to "r ( !m1 ,cannon to left ( !m1 ,cannon 9 front ( !m ,volley'd & ?und]'d2 ,/orm'd at ) %ot & %ell ,boldly !y rode & well1 ,into ! jaws ( ,dea?1 ,into ! m\? ( ,hell ,rode ! six hundr$4 ,fla%'d all _! sabres b>e1 ,fla%'d z !y turn'd 9 air ,sabr+ ! gunn]s !re1 ,*>g+ an army1 :ile ,all ! _w wond]'d3 ,plung$ 9 ! batt]y-smoke ,"r ?ro' ! l9e !y broke2 ,cossack & ,russian ,reel'd f ! sabre-/roke ,%att]'d & sund]'d4 ,!n !y rode back1 b n-- ,n ! six hundr$4 ,cannon to "r ( !m1 ,cannon to left ( !m1 ,cannon beh9d !m ,volley'd & ?und]'d2 ,/orm'd at ) %ot & %ell1 ,:ile horse & h]o fell1 ,!y t _h f\ght s well ,came ?ro' ! jaws ( ,dea?1 ,back f ! m\? ( ,hell1 ,all t 0 left ( !m1 ,left ( six hundr$4 ,:5 c _! glory fade8 ,o ! wild *>ge !y made6 ,all ! _w wond]'d4 ,honor ! *>ge !y made6 ,honor ! ,light ,brigade1 ,noble ,six ,hundr$6 ,x is impossible to ov]look ! con/ant recurr5ce ( ! phrases 8valley ( ,dea?20 8jaws ( ,dea?20 8m\? ( ,hell10 & _! significance4 ,! keynote ( ! poem is f\nd 9 ! l9e1 ,"s "o _h blund]'d3 ,"h is ! c5tral ?\ght4 ,! m5 made a gallant *>ge1 w5t boldly & will+ly to _! doom2 b x 0 all a mi/ake1 a fe>ful1 horrible mi/ake4 ,we c>e n = ! fact t cannons 7 to ! "r1 to ! left1 & to ! front ( !m4 ,! m]e position is no?+4 ,b :o c repress ! %udd] ( despair z he contemplates t h]oic b& surr\nd$ by fires f dea?-deal+ cannon8 ,on pages #bjj & #bja w be f\nd ?ree poems f ,t5nyson1 ea* ( :i* pres5ts a diff]5t aspect4 ,! fir/ is m>k$ by an exquisite simplicity4 ,x conta9s b "o simple idea1 :i* is set =? 9 ! simple/ language4 ,consequ5tly1 ! read+ %\ld be equally unassum+4 ,! lea/ appe>ance ( affectation or ef=t w dissipate ! atmosph]e4 ,! second is a lullaby4 ,! rock+ cradle is felt 9 e l9e1 :ile 9 ! la/ l9e ( ea* /anza we h ! rhy?mic picture ( ! gradual cessation ( ! rock+1 & x seems impossible to omit ! long pause be=e ! la/ ^w 9 ea* ( ^! l9es1 a pause exactly equal to ! "t ( "o ( ! prec$+ feet4 ,! ?ird poem is ( an entirely diff]5t nature4 ,"h we h ! /r5g? ( _s t animat$ ,k+ ,ar?ur's ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table4 ,:5 we be> 9 m9d t ?is song is sung aft] ,k+ ,ar?ur's claim to ! ?rone1 :i* has long be5 9 d\bt1 has be5 firmly e/abli%$1 & he has tak5 ,gu9ev]e to wife1 we c bett] und]/& its passionate joy4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features 9 connection ) ! /udy ( lit]ature is rhy?m4 ,! mean+ ( rhy?m is n always cle>ly appreh5d$1 _m reg>d+ x simply z poets' playfulness1 int]e/+ 9 ! nurs]y rhyme1 tickl+ ! *ildi% e>1 b beyond t a useless & ev5 s5seless filigree4 ,no?+ c\ld be f>!r f tru?4 ,rhy?m is n a conv5tional app5dage ( poetry1 b its v he>t1 life1 _s4 ,x spr+s spontane\sly f ! poet's he>t1 & is ! manife/ation ( 8 deepe/ feel+4 ,:o c fail to cat* ! b\nd+ _s ( life & joy 9 ! foll[+3 ,i come1 ,i come6 ye h call$ me long2 ,i come o'er ! m\nta9s ) light & song2 ,ye may trace my /ep o'er ! wak5+ e>?1 ,by ! w9ds :i* tell ( ! violet's bir?1 ,by ! primrose />s 9 ! %ad[y grass1 ,by ! gre5 leaves op5+ z ,i pass4 --,spr+4 ,,hemans4 ,ha/e !e1 nymph1 & br+ ) !e ,je/1 & joyful ,jollity1 ,quips1 & cranks1 & wanton wiles1 ,nods1 & becks1 & wrea?d smiles1 ,su* z hang on ,hebe's *eek1 ,& love to live 9 dimple sleek2 ,sport t wr9kl$ ,c>e d]ides1 ,& ,laught] hold+ bo? 8 sides4 ,come & trip x z y g ,on ! light fanta/ic toe2 ,& 9 ?y "r h& lead ) !e ,! m\nta9-nymph1 sweet ,lib]ty3 ,&1 if ,i give !e honor due1 ,mir?1 admit me to ?y crew1 ,to live ) h]1 & live ) !e1 ,9 unreprovd pleasures free3 --,l',allegro4 ,,milton4 ,:at a dignity is imp>t$ to ! sc5e by ! rhy?m 9 ! foll[+ extracts3 ,"h are old trees1 tall oaks & gn>ld p9es1 ,t /ream ) gray-gre5 mosses2 "h ! gr\nd ,0 nev] tr5*$ by spade1 & fl[]s spr+ up ,uns[n1 & die unga!r$4 ,x is sweet ,to l+] "h1 among ! flitt+ birds ,& leap+ squirrels1 w&]+ brooks1 & w9ds ,t %ake ! leaves1 & scatt] z !y pass1 ,a fragrance f ! c$>s1 ?ickly set ,) pale blue b]ries4 ,9 ^! peaceful %ades-- ,peaceful1 unprun$1 immeasurably old-- ,my ?\ghts g up ! long dim pa? ( ye>s1 ,back to ! e>lie/ days ( lib]ty4 --,fre$om4 ,,bryant4 ,a l& ( /reams6 "s1 l a d[nw>d smoke1 ,sl[-dropp+ veils ( ?9ne/ lawn1 did g2 ,& "s ?r\gh wav]+ lights & %ad[s broke ,roll+ a slumbr\s %eet ( foam bel[4 ,!y saw ! gleam+ riv] seaw>d fl[ ,f ! inn] l&3 f> (f1 ?ree m\nta9-tops1 ,?ree sil5t p9nacles ( ag$ sn[1 ,/ood sunset-flu%$3 &1 dew$ ) %[]y drops1 ,up-clomb ! %ad[y p9e above ! wov5 copse4 --,! ,lotos-,eat]s4 ,,t5nyson4 ,(t5 9 ! same poem ! emotional *anges are manife/$ 9 *anges ( rhy?m4 ,obs]ve ?is 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,look6 look6 t livid fla%6 ,& in/antly foll[s ! rattl+ ?und] ,z if "s cl\d-crag1 split asund]1 ,fell1 spl9t]+ ) a ru9\s cra%1 ,on ! e>?1 :i* cr\*es 9 sil5ce "u2 ,& n[ a solid gray wall ( ra9 ,%uts (f ! l&scape1 mile by mile2 ,= a brea?'s space ,i see ! blue wood aga91 ,&1 ere ! next he>t-beat1 ! w9d-hurl$ pile1 ,t seem$ b n[ a league alo(1 ,bur/s rattl+ ov] ! sun-p>*$ ro(2 ,aga9/ ! w9d[s ! /orm comes da%+1 ,?r\gh tatt]$ foliage ! hail te>s cra%+1 ,! blue lightn+ fla%es1 ,! rapid hail cla%es1 ,! :ite waves are tumbl+1 ,& 9 "o baffl$ ro>1 ,l ! too?less sea mumbl+ ,a rock-bri/l+ %ore1 ,! ?und] is rumbl+ ,& cra%+ & crumbl+1-- ,w sil5ce return nev] m8 --,a ,summ] ,%[]4 ,,l[ell4 ,or 9 ! conclud+ /anzas ( ,wordswor?'s ode on ,intimations ( ,immortality3 ,!n s+1 ye birds1 s+1 s+ a joy\s song6 ,& let ! "y lambs b\nd ,z to ! tabor's s\nd6 ,we 9 ?\ght w jo9 y\r ?rong1 ,ye t pipe & ye t play1 ,ye t ?r\gh y\r he>ts to-day ,feel ! gladness ( ! ,may6 ,:at ?\gh ! radiance t 0 once s bright ,be n[ =ev] tak5 f my sight1 ,?\gh no?+ c br+ back ! h\r ,( spl5dor 9 ! grass1 ( glory 9 ! fl[]1 ,we w grieve n1 r f9d ,/r5g? 9 :at rema9s beh9d1 ,9 ! primal sympa?y ,:i* hav+ be51 mu/ ev] be2 ,9 ! soo?+ ?\ghts t spr+ ,out ( human suff]+2 ,9 ! fai? t looks ?r\gh dea?1 ,9 ye>s t br+ ! philosophic m9d4 ,& ,o ye f\nta9s1 mead[s1 hills & groves1 ,=ebode n any sev]+ ( our loves6 ,yet 9 my he>t ( he>ts ,i feel y\r might2 ,i only h rel9qui%$ "o delight1 ,to live b5ea? y\r m habitual sway4 ,i love ! brooks :i* d[n _! *annels fret1 ,ev5 m ?an :5 ,i tripp$ lightly z !y3 ,! innoc5t brightness ( a new-born day ,is lovely yet2 ,! cl\ds t ga!r r\nd ! sett+ sun ,d take a sob] color+ f an eye ,t ha? kept wat* o'er man's mortality2 ,ano!r race ha? be51 & o!r palms are won4 ,?anks to ! human he>t by :i* we live2 ,?anks to its t5d]ness1 its joys & fe>s1 ,to me ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s c give ,?\ghts t d (t5 lie too deep = te>s4 ,9 blank v]se we get ! be/ & cle>e/ illu/ration ( ! mean+ ( rhy?m4 ,"h ! poet has ! utmo/ fre$om1 untrammel$ by rhyme or any limitations z to ! l5g? ( 8 /anza4 ,! rhy?m 9 ! description ( ! ov]?r[ ( ,satan is mo/ sugge/ive ( /r5g? & det]m9ation3 ,him ! ,almighty p[] ,hurl'd headlong flam+ f ?' e!real sky1 ,) hide\s ru9 & combu/ion1 d[n ,to bottomless p]dition2 !re to dwell ,9 adamant9e *a9s & p5al fire1 ,:o dur/ defy ?' ,omnipot5t to arms6 --,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i4 ,,milton4 ,h[ cle>ly ! frantic passion ( ,le> is %[n 9 ! irregul>1 erratic1 almo/ *aotic1 rhy?m ( ! foll[+ spee*3 ,bl[1 w9ds1 & crack y\r *eeks6 rage6 bl[6 ,y cat>acts & hurricanoes1 sp\t ,till y h dr5*'d our /eeples1 dr[n$ ! cocks6 ,y sulphur\s & ?\ght-execut+ fires1 ,vaunt-c\ri]s to oak-cleav+ ?und]bolts1 ,s+e my :ite head6 ,& ?\1 all-%ak+ ?und]1 ,smite flat ! ?ick rotundity o' ! _w6 ,crack ,nature's m\lds1 all g]m5s spill at once1 ,t make +rateful man6 --,k+ ,le>1 ,act iii41 ,sc4 #b4 ,note h[ ! v>y+ rhy?m 9 ! foll[+ passage corresponds ) ! ev] v>y+ moods ( ! ,k+ & ! poet3 ,to :om repli$ ,k+ ,ar?ur1 mu* 9 wra?3 8,ah1 mis]able & unk9d1 untrue1 ,unknightly1 traitor-he>t$6 ,woe is me6 ,au?ority =gets a dy+ k+1 ,laid wid['d ( ! p[] 9 8 eye ,t b['d ! w4 ,i see !e :at ?\ art ,= ?\1 ! late/-left ( all my knights1 ,9 :om %\ld meet ! (fices ( all1 ,?\ w\ld/ betray me = ! preci\s hilt2 ,ei!r f lu/ ( gold1 or l a girl ,valu+ ! giddy pleasure ( ! eyes4 ,yet1 = a man may fail 9 duty twice1 ,& ! ?ird "t may prosp]1 get !e h5ce3 ,b1 if ?\ sp>e to fl+ ,excalibur1 ,i w arise & slay !e ) my h&s40 ,!n quickly rose ,sir ,b$iv]e1 & ran1 ,&1 leap+ d[n ! ridges lightly1 plung$ ,among ! bulru%-b$s1 & clut*'d ! sword1 ,& /rongly :eel'd & ?rew x4 ,! great br& ,made lightn+s 9 ! spl5dor ( ! moon1 ,& fla%+ r\nd & r\nd1 & :irl'd 9 an ar*1 ,%ot l a /ream] ( ! nor!rn morn1 ,se5 :]e ! mov+ isles ( w9t] %ock ,by night1 ) noises ( ! nor!rn sea4 ,s fla%'d & fell ! br& ,excalibur3 ,b ere he dipt ! surface1 rose an arm ,clo!d 9 :ite samite1 my/ic1 wond]ful1 ,& caught him by ! hilt1 & br&i%'d him ,?ree times1 & drew him "u 9 ! m]e4 ,& lightly w5t ! o!r to ! ,k+4 --,morte d',ar?ur4 ,,t5nyson4 ,9 ord] to give a cle> conception ( ! mean+ & purpose ( rhy?m1 ! analysis ( an entire poem is giv54 ,,! ,,rev5ge ,a ,,ballad ,,( ,,! ,,fleet ,,t5nyson ,i ,at ,flores 9 ! ,azores ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville lay1 ,& a p9nace1 l a flutt]'d bird1 came fly+ f f> away3 8,spani% %ips ( w> at sea6 we h sight$ fifty-?ree60 ,!n sw>e ,"l ,?omas ,h[>d3 8',=e ,god ,i am no c[>d2 ,b ,i _c meet !m "h1 = my %ips are out ( ge>1 #e ,& ! half my m5 are sick4 ,i mu/ fly1 b foll[ quick4 ,we are six %ips ( ! l9e2 c we fight ) fifty-?ree80 ,,ii ,!n spake ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville3 8,i "k y are no c[>d2 ,y fly !m = a mom5t to fight ) !m aga94 ,b ,i've n9ety m5 & m t are ly+ sick a%ore4 #aj ,i %\ld c\nt myself ! c[>d if ,i left !m1 my ,"l ,h[>d1 ,to ^! ,inquisition dogs & ! devildoms ( ,spa940 ,,iii ,s ,"l ,h[>d pa/ away ) five %ips ( w> t day1 ,till he melt$ l a cl\d 9 ! sil5t summ] heav52 ,b ,sir ,ri*>d bore 9 h& all 8 sick m5 f ! l& #ae ,v c>efully & sl[1 ,m5 ( ,bide=d 9 ,devon1 ,& we laid !m on ! balla/ d[n bel[2 ,= we br\ght !m all abo>d4 ,& !y ble/ him 9 _! pa91 t !y 7 n left to ,spa91 #bj ,to ! ?umbscrew & ! /ake1 = ! glory ( ! ,"l4 ,,iv ,he _h only a hundr$ seam5 to "w ! %ip & to fight1 ,& he sail$ away f ,flores till ! ,spani>d came 9 sight1 ,) 8 huge sea-ca/les heav+ ^u ! wea!r b[4 8,%all we fight or %all we fly8 #be ,good ,sir ,ri*>d1 tell u n[1 ,= to fight is b to die6 ,!re'll be little ( u left by ! "t ?is sun be set40 ,& ,sir ,ri*>d said aga93 8,we be all good ,engli% m54 ,let u bang ^! dogs ( ,seville1 ! *ildr5 ( ! devil1 #cj ,= ,i nev] turn'd my back ^u ,don or devil yet40 ,v ,sir ,ri*>d spoke & he laugh'd1 & we ro>'d a hurrah1 & s ,! little ,rev5ge ran on %e] into ! he>t ( ! foe1 ,) h] hundr$ fight]s on deck1 & h] n9ety sick bel[2 ,= half ( _! fleet to ! "r & half to ! left 7 se51 #ce ,& ! little ,rev5ge ran on ?ro' ! long sea-lane betwe54 ,,vi ,?\s&s ( _! soldi]s look'd d[n f _! decks & laugh'd1 ,?\s&s ( _! seam5 made mock at ! mad little craft ,runn+ on & on1 till delay'd ,by _! m\nta9-l ,san ,philip t1 ( fifte5 hundr$ tons1 #dj ,& up-%ad[+ high above u ) h] yawn+ ti]s ( guns1 ,took ! brea? f our sails1 & we /ay'd4 ,,vii ,& :ile n[ ! great ,san ,philip hung above u l a cl\d ,:5ce ! ?und]bolt w fall ,long & l\d1 #de ,f\r galleons drew away ,f ! ,spani% fleet t day1 ,& two ^u ! l>bo>d & two ^u ! />bo>d lay1 ,& ! battle-?und] broke f !m all4 ,,viii ,b anon ! great ,san ,philip1 %e be?\ght h]self & w5t #ej ,hav+ t )9 h] womb t _h left h] ill cont5t2 ,& ! re/ !y came abo>d u1 & !y f\ght u h& to h&1 ,= a doz5 times !y came ) _! pikes & musquete]s1 ,& a doz5 times we %ook 'em (f z a dog t %akes 8 e>s ,:5 he leaps f ! wat] to ! l&4 #ee ,,ix ,& ! sun w5t d[n1 & ! />s came out f> ov] ! summ] sea1 #ee ,b nev] a mom5t ceas$ ! fight ( ! "o & ! fifty-?ree4 ,%ip aft] %ip1 ! :ole night long1 _! high-built galleons came1 ,%ip aft] %ip1 ! :ole night long1 ) h] battle-?und] & flame2 ,%ip aft] %ip1 ! :ole night long1 drew back ) h] dead & h] %ame4 ,= "s 7 sunk & _m 7 %att]'d1 & s c\ld fight u no m-- #fj ,god ( battles1 0 ev] a battle l ?is 9 ! _w be=e8 ,x ,= he said 8,fight on6 fight on60 ,?o' 8 vessel 0 all b a wreck2 ,& x *anc$ t1 :5 half ( ! %ort summ] night 0 gone1 ,) a grisly w\nd to be dre/ he _h left ! deck1 #fe ,b a bullet /ruck him t 0 dress+ x sudd5ly dead1 ,& himself he 0 w\nd$ aga9 9 ! side & ! head1 ,& he said 8,fight on6 fight on60 ,,xi ,& ! night w5t d[n1 & ! sun smil$ out f> ov] ! summ] sea1 ,& ! ,spani% fleet ) brok5 sides lay r\nd u all 9 a r+2 #gj ,b !y d>$ n t\* u aga91 = !y fe>'d t we /ill c\ld /+1 ,s !y wat*'d :at ! end w\ld be4 ,& we _h n f\ght !m 9 va91 ,b 9 p]il\s plight 7 we1 ,see+ =ty ( our poor hundr$ 7 sla91 #ge ,& half ( ! re/ ( u maim'd = life ,9 ! cra% ( ! cannonades & ! desp]ate /rife2 ,& ! sick m5 d[n 9 ! hold 7 mo/ ( !m />k & cold1 ,& ! pikes 7 all brok5 or b5t & ! p[d] 0 all ( x sp5t2 ,& ! ma/s & ! rigg+ 7 ly+ ov] ! side2 #hj ,b ,sir ,ri*>d cri$ 9 8 ,engli% pride1 8,we h f\ght su* a fight = a day & a night ,z may nev] be f\ght aga96 ,we h won great glory1 my m56 ,& a day less or m #he ,at sea or a%ore1 ,we die--does x matt] :58 ,s9k me ! %ip1 ,ma/] ,gunn]--s9k h]1 split h] 9 twa96 ,fall into ! h&s ( ,god1 n into ! h&s ( ,spa960 ,,xii ,& ! gunn] said 8,ay1 ay10 b ! seam5 made reply3 #ij 8,we h *ildr51 we h wives1 ,& ! ,"l ha? sp>$ our lives4 ,we w make ! ,spani>d promise1 if we yield to let u g2 ,we %all live to fight aga9 & to /rike ano!r bl[40 ,& ! lion !re lay dy+1 & !y yield$ to ! foe4 #ie ,,xiii ,& ! /ately ,spani% m5 to _! flag%ip bore him !n1 ,:]e !y laid him by ! ma/1 old ,sir ,ri*>d caught at la/1 ,& !y prais$ him to 8 face ) _! c\rtly =eign grace2 ,b he rose ^u _! decks1 & he cri$3 8,i h f\ght = ,que5 & ,fai? l a valiant man & true2 #ajj ,i h only done my duty z a man is b\nd to d3 ,) a joyful _s ,i ,sir ,ri*>d ,gr5ville die60 ,& he fell ^u _! decks1 & he di$4 ,,xiv ,& !y />$ at ! dead t _h be5 s valiant & true1 ,& _h hold5 ! p[] & glory ( ,spa9 s *eap #aje ,t he d>$ h] ) "o little %ip & 8 ,engli% few2 ,0 he devil or man8 ,he 0 devil = aught !y knew1 ,b !y sank 8 body ) honor d[n into ! deep1 ,& !y mann'd ! ,rev5ge ) a sw>?i] ali5 crew1 ,& away %e sail'd ) h] loss & long'd = h] own2 #aaj ,:5 a w9d f ! l&s !y _h ru9'd awoke f sleep1 ,& ! wat] began to heave & ! wea!r to moan1 ,& or ev] t ev5+ end$ a great gale blew1 ,& a wave l ! wave t is rais$ by an e>?quake grew1 ,till x smote on _! hulls & _! sails & _! ma/s & _! flags1 #aae ,& ! :ole sea plung$ & fell on ! %ot-%att]'d navy ( ,spa91 ,& ! little ,rev5ge h]self w5t d[n by ! isl& crags ,to be lo/ ev]more 9 ! ma94 ,,notes ,,on ,,rhy?m ,/anza ,i l4 #a-b4--,normal rhy?m4 l4 #c4--,note ! emphasis imp>t$ to ! call by ! tro*ees4 l4 #d-f4--,! effect ( ! int]nal rhymes ,h[>d--c[>d1 "h--ge>1 sick--quick1 is v m>k$4 ,simil> effects are frequ5tly introduc$ 9 ! poem4 ,/anza ,,ii l4 #aj4--,! two emphatic syllables1 ,i've & n9e-1 com+ 9 succession1 add =ce to ,sir ,ri*>d's /atem5t4 ,/anza ,,iii l4 #ac4--,note h[ ! au?or ret>ds 8 movem5t & h5ce impresses u ) ! sl[ mov+ picture1 by draw+ 8 emphatic syllables toge!r1 z ,s ,"l ,h[-2 five %ips2 & t day4 ,?is effect is "o ( ! commone/ 9 lit]ature1 & "o ( ! mo/ natural4 ,?is l9e w scan z a normal l9e2 b let u be> 9 m9d t s5se acc5t det]m9es ! rhy?m 9 ,engli%1 n quantity4 l4 #af4--;,a /range device1 ! effect ( :i* is to cause ,sir ,ri*>d's gallantry to /& out mo/ /rik+ly4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t fifty-?ree ,spani% galleons 7 com+ d[n ^u him1 ! brave capta9 0 z consid]ate 9 ! h&l+ ( 8 sick sailors z a "m ( h] babe4 ,& ?is is emphasiz$ by mak+ ?is /atem5t 9 a l9e by itself4 ,/anza ,,iv l4 #bd4--;,aga9 note ! /r5g? imp>t$ by ! successive acc5ts 9 huge sea-ca/les heav+4 l4 #be-bg4--,! abruptness aptly fits 9 ) ! s5tim5t4 ,obs]ve t ! effect ( ! %ort l9e is br\ght out by ! rhyme1 fly--die4 ,! fur!r ap>t ! rhyme1 ! less /rik+ x becomes4 ,see l9es #dc-de1 & #eg-ei4 ,/anza ,v l4 #cb4--;,full ( /r5g? & admirably expressive 9 rhy?m4 l4 #cf4--;,aga9 we obs]ve ! ret>dation & its effect4 ,obs]ve fur!r1 t ?is is ! fir/ "t ! conclud+ l9e ( a /anza has deviat$ f ! normal1 & note h[ appropriate is ! deviation2 n m]ely = ! sake ( v>iety1 b ! spontane\s expression ( feel+4 ,/anza ,,vi l4 #cg-ch4--;,h[ =ceful is ! effect ( beg9n+ ea* l9e ) ! acc5t$ syllable6 l4 #db4--,! contra/ ( ?is l9e ) ! prec$+ is mo/ m>k$4 ,l9e #da is long drawn out1 :ile 9 #db "o c feel ! %ock ( ! abrupt /op4 ,/anza ,,viii l4 #ec-ed4--,! fir/ f\r l9es ( ?is /anza are q regul>1 b :5 we rea* ! la/ two1 obs]ve ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! rhy?m & ! s5se4 ,/anza ,,ix l4 #ef-fj4--;,h[ admirably ! rhy?m l5ds itself to ! expression ( ! feel+s ( ! n>rator z he recalls ! t]rible /ra9 ( t nev]-end+ night6 ,"o mu/ read ! passage al\d to appreciate ?is effect4 ,/anza ,x l4 #fc4--,obs]ve ! /r5g? ( ,fight on6 ,fight on6 & also ! contra/ betwe5 ! rhy?m ( ?is /anza & t ( ,/anza ,,ix4 ,! /anza z a :ole moves q rapidly1 ow+ to ! prepond]ance ( unacc5t$ syllables4 ,! appropriat5ess ( ?is rapid movem5t is recogniz$ :5 we be> 9 m9d t ! /anza is int5d$ to cite b "o incid5t ( t awful night1 & s]ves only z a l9k betwe5 ,/anzas ,,ix & ,,xi4 ,/anza ,,xi l4 #gj4--;,comp>e ?is rhy?m ) t ( l9e #ef1 & obs]ve h[ ! emotion ( ,/anza ,,ix is recall$ by ! simil>ity ( rhy?m4 l4 #hc-ij4--;,comp>e ) l9es #be-bh & #ia-ie4 ,/anza ,,xiii l4 #ajj4--;,comp>e ) l9es #db & #ajc1 & note simil>ity ( mood4 ,/anza ,,xiv l4 #aab-aai4--;,x is almo/ impossible to analyze ! effect ( ^! l9es1 s admirably d s\nd1 s5se1 & rhy?m correspond4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 cle>ly obs]ve ! =ceful effect ( great gale blew2 ! accumulation ( p[] & size 9 l9e #aae2 ! exultant joy ( ! speak] z he describes ! effect ( ! /orm 9 l9es #aaf & #aag2 & ! gradual dim9ution ( ! passion z ! poem comes back to normal movem5t 9 ! conclud+ l9e4 ,,int]pretative ,,notes ,! poem z a :ole is a magnific5t specim5 ( vigor\s ,anglo-,saxon4 ,!re are few inv]sions1 ! /yle is simple & direct1 & ! imag]y peculi>ly appropriate4 ,! speak] is a survivor1 & br+s u face to face ) "o ( ! pr\de/ mom5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% naval w>f>e4 ,! poem deals ) an ev5t at ! close ( ! exp$ition ( ! ,spani% ,armada aga9/ ,great ,brita91 & x is int]e/+ to "k t x is almo/ lit]ally true to fact & hi/ory4 ,/anza ,i l4 #d-g4--,! op5+ words seem a little l brag4 ,b ,sir ,ri*>d's reply1 :i* is borne out by hi/ory1 proves ! contr>y4 ,! oa? is n ! va9 oa? ( a bragg>t1 b ! solemn words ( "o :o believes 9 ,god & calls ^u ,him to be> witness to ! tru? ( 8 /atem5t4 ,/anza ,,ii l4 #h4--,! deliv]y ( ! fir/ five words w c]ta9ly manife/ ! pride ( ! n>rator 9 su* a lead]4 l4 #ab4--,note ! contempt express$ 9 dogs & devildoms4 ,/anza ,,iii l4 #ae-ah4--;,be sure to br+ out ! speak]'s emotion4 ,h[ ! common sailor wor%ips him :o /ay$ to c]ta9 dea? to save ! lives ( 8 sick m56 l4 #ba4--,note ! irony1 contempt1 & ev5 hate4 ,/anza ,,iv l4 #be-bh4--,! rhy?m cle>ly indicates ! abrupt mann] 9 :i* ^! l9es %\ld be read4 l4 #bi4--,we be all good ,engli% m53 ?is is ,sir ,ri*>d's answ] to _! appeal4 ,/anza ,v l4 #cc4--;,he>t3 "r into ! mid/ ( ! fleet4 ,! ,spani>ds came d[n 9 d\ble l9e ( battle4 ,x 0 evid5tly ,sir ,ri*>d's int5tion to attempt to escape ) 8 fleet craft by runn+ ! gauntlet ( heavy1 l>ge1 unwieldy ,spani% galleons4 ,a picture ( ^! galleons1 ) _! triple & quadruple decks1 w greatly assi/ u to compreh5d ! disa/r\s outcome ( "o ( ! mo/ elaborate naval demon/rations 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! vessels 7 s unwieldy t only a few at a "t c\ld attack ! ,rev5ge1 &1 by con/ant maneuv]+1 ,sir ,ri*>d c\ld almo/ always avoid ! effect ( _! cannonad+4 ,/anza ,,vi l4 #cg-ch4--,!re is bitt] s>casm 9 ^! l9es z ! speak] recalls ! outcome ( ! fight4 ,/anza ,,viii l4 #ej4--;,be?\ght h]self3 note ! s>casm4 ,/anza ,,ix l4 #ef-fj4--,! emotion ( ^! five l9es is v /rik+4 ,oh6 ! angui%1 horror1 & susp5se ( t awful night4 ,! sun w5t d[n1 b ! battle w5t on4 ,! />s came out1 b /ill no re/4 ,& s on1 on1 on1 ?r\gh t dreadful night4 l4 #fb-fa4--,obs]ve ! sudd5 transition & ! exultant %\t at ! end4 ,/anza ,x ,see note on rhy?m4 ,/anza ,,xi l4 #gb4--,obs]ve ! note ( pride & grim det]m9ation4 l4 #gd4--,! speak] apologizes = ev5 an appe>ance ( boa/fulness4 l4 #ge-ha4--,pa?os4 l4 #hc-ij4--,note ! contra/ betwe5 ! emotion ( ,sir ,ri*>d 9 ^! l9es & t ( ! speak] 9 utt]+ l9es #ge-ha4 ,/anza ,,xii l4 #ib-ie4--,! sailors w\ld naturally speak rapidly4 ,! rhy?m helps u to und]/& _! feel+s4 l4 #ic4--;,& !re=e we h no "r to kill ourselves4 ,a mo/ significant l9e4 ,/anza ,,xiii l4 #ii4--,obs]ve ! tribute ! ,engli%man pays to 8 foe4 ,see also l9e #ajh4 ,! voice %\ld manife/ ! speak]'s attitude & w :5 we grasp ! situation4 l4 #aja-ajc4--,note & br+ out ! blunt defiance ( ,sir ,ri*>d4 ,/anza ,,xiv l4 #aaa4--;,h[ natural seems ! use ( h]6 ,x is expressive ( ! sailor's love = 8 vessel4 ,& fur!r1 we rem>k t ! ,rev5ge becomes human z %e ye>ns = ^? :o s long h seem$ h] v *ildr54 l4 #aab4--;,"h we h "o ( ! mo/ significant l9es 9 ! :ole poem4 ,hi/ory tells u t a /orm arose & %att]$ ! remnant ( ! ,armada1 & sunk ! batt]$ hulk ( ! little ,rev5ge4 ,poetry conjures up ?is /orm z an av5g+ ,nemesis4 ,out ( ! l&s !y _h ru9$ comes ! /orm t av5ges ! ,rev5ge4 l4 #aah4--,:at t5d]ness is !re 9 t ^w little6 l4 #aah-aai4--,!re is no regret 9 ^! l9es4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are full ( exultation4 ,rememb]1 ! poet 0 limit$ by hi/ory4 ,he c\ld n save ! ,rev5ge1 b he c\ld s9k h] on ! spot :]e ! glori\s victory _h be5 won4 ,! picture ( %att]$ greatness is n an inspir+ "o4 ,if ! ,rev5ge _h n sunk1 %e w\ld h be5 dragg$ ignom9i\sly at ! haws]'s end into "s ,spani% port1 to become ! object ( e ,spani>d's petty spite1 & f9ally to fall into decay & ru94 ,n[ %e lives ev]more z %e 0 9 t fight1 a glori\s inspiration to e son ( ,engl&4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,read+s ,,"y ,,lo*9v> ,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott ,oh1 "y ,lo*9v> is come out ( ! we/1 ,?r\gh all ! wide ,bord] 8 /e$ 0 ! be/3 ,& save 8 good broad-sword he weapon _h none1 ,he rode all un>m$1 & he rode all alone2 ,s fai?ful 9 love1 & s dauntless 9 w>1 ,!re nev] 0 knight l ! "y ,lo*9v>6 #f ,he /ay$ n = brake1 & he /opp$ n = /one1 ,he swam ! ,esk riv] :]e =d !re 0 none-- ,b1 ere he alight$ at ,ne!rby gate1 ,! bride _h cons5t$1 ! gallant came late3 ,= a lagg>d 9 love & a da/>d 9 w>1 ,0 to w$ ! fair ,ell5 ( brave ,lo*9v>4 #ab ,s boldly he ent]$ ! ,ne!rby hall1 ',mong bride's-m51 & k9sm51 & bro!rs & all3 ,!n spoke ! bride's fa!r1 8 h& on 8 sword-- ,= ! poor crav5 bridegroom said nev] a ^w-- 8,o come ye 9 peace "h1 or come ye 9 w>8 ,or to dance at our bridal1 "y ,"l ,lo*9v>80 #ah 8,i long woo$ y\r daught]1 my suit 0 d5i$2 ,love swells l ! ,solway1 b ebbs l its tide6 ,& n[ am ,i come1 ) ?is lo/ love ( m9e1 ,to tread b "o measure1 dr9k "o cup ( w9e6 ,!re be maid5s 9 ,scotl&1 m lovely by f>1 ,t w\ld gladly be bride to ! "y ,lo*9v>40 #bd ,! bride kiss$ ! goblet2 ! knight took x up1 ,he quaff$ (f ! w9e1 & he ?rew d[n ! cup6 ,%e look$ d[n to blu%1 & %e look$ up to sigh1 ,) a smile on h] lips & a te> 9 h] eye4 ,he took h] s(t h& ere h] "m c\ld b>-- 8,n[ tread we a measure60 said "y ,lo*9v>4 #cj ,s /ately 8 =m1 & s lovely h] face1 ,t nev] a hall su* a galli>d did grace6 ,:ile h] "m did fret & h] fa!r did fume1 ,& ! bridegroom /ood dangl+ 8 bonnet & plume1 ,& ! bride-maid5s :isp]$1 8',tw]e bett] by f>1 ,to h mat*$ our fair c\s9 to "y ,lo*9v>60 #cf ,"o t\* to h] h&1 & "o ^w to h] e>1 ,:5 !y rea*$ ! hall door1 & ! *>g] /ood ne>4 ,s light to ! cr\pe ! fair lady he swung1 ,s light to ! saddle be=e h] he sprung6 8,%e is won6 we are gone1 ov] bank1 bu%1 & scaur2 ,!y'll h fleet /e$s t foll[60 quo? "y ,lo*9v>4 #db ,!re 0 m\nt+ 'mong ,graemes ( ! ,ne!rby clan2 ,fo/]s1 ,f5wicks1 & ,musgraves1 !y rode & !y ran2 ,!re 0 rac+ & *as+ on ,cannobie ,lea1 ,b ! lo/ bride ( ,ne!rby ne'er did !y see6 ,s d>+ 9 love1 & s dauntless 9 w>1 ,h ye e'er he>d ( gallant l "y ,lo*9v>6 #dh ,we obs]ve1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! rhy?m is v pron\nc$4 ,x rem9ds u ( ! rhy?m ( ,! ,ride f ,gh5t1 & sugge/s1 9 fact1 :at we soon discov] to be true1 t ! two poems are 9 _s v closely alli$4 l4 #b-f are int5d$ to w9 our sympa?y = ! h]o4 ,obs]ve 8 c\rage 9 rid+ un>m$ & alone4 l4 #aj4--,! acc5t on gallant is on ! f9al syllable4 ,obs]ve h[ ! emphasis on -lant1 came1 & late ret>ds ! movem5t & sugge/s ! contra/ betwe5 ,lo*9v>'s hope & 8 failure to arrive 9 "t4 l4 #aa4--,note ! contempt 9 lagg>d & da/>d4 ,also 9 l9e #af1 :]e ! movem5t is aga9 ret>d$4 l4 #ai-bd4--;,h[ clev]ly ,lo*9v> conceals 8 true int5tion1 "u ! guise ( indiff]5ce6 l4 #bj4--,love swells l ocean tides1 b dim9i%es ) equal rapidity3 ,i c get along )\t y\r daught]4 l4 #cb4--;,galli>d3 a lively dance4 l4 #cc-cd4--;,br+ out ! pictures cle>ly4 ,d n slur4 l4 #cg4--;,accel]ate ! movem5t1 b n ) a manufactur$ spe$4 ,cat* ! _s ( ha/e & ! movem5t w accel]ate itself4 l4 #da-db4--,note ! triumphant joy ( ,lo*9v>4 l4 #da4--,scaur3 a /eep bank2 pron\nc$ sc>4 l4 #dc-de4--,! lively movem5t cont9ues ?r\gh\t ^! l9es4 l4 #df4--,?is is a summ>y4 ,! "t w be sl[ :5 we recognize & endeavor to express ! full import ( ! passage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,longfell['s ,peace-,pipe1 f ,! ,song ( ,hiawa?a1 is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to analytic /udy4 ,we %all conf9e our /udy pr9cipally to que/ions ( s5se relations1 su* z ,mom5t>y ,complet5ess1 ,values1 & ! l4 ,,! ,,peace-,,pipe ,,longfell[ ,on ! ,m\nta9s ( ! ,prairie1 ,on ! great ,r$ ,pipe-,/one ,qu>ry1 ,git*e ,manito1 ! mighty1 ,he ! ,ma/] ( ,life1 desc5d+1 ,on ! r$ crags ( ! qu>ry #e ,/ood erect1 & call$ ! nations1 ,call$ ! tribes ( m5 toge!r4 ,f 8 footpr9ts fl[$ a riv]1 ,leap$ into ! light ( morn+1 ,o'er ! precipice plung+ d[nw>d #aj ,gleam$ l ,i%koodah1 ! comet4 ,& ! ,_s1 /oop+ e>?w>d1 ,) 8 f+] on ! mead[ ,trac$ a w9d+ pa?way = x1 ,say+ to x1 8,run 9 ?is way60 #ae ,f ! r$ /one ( ! qu>ry ,) 8 h& he broke a fragm5t1 ,m\ld$ x into a pipe-head1 ,%ap$ & fa%ion$ x ) figures2 ,f ! m>g9 ( ! riv] #bj ,took a long re$ = a pipe-/em1 ,) its d>k gre5 leaves ^u x6 ,fill$ ! pipe ) b>k ( will[1 ,) ! b>k ( ! r$ will[2 ,brea!d ^u ! neighbor+ =e/1 #be ,made its great b\ghs *afe toge!r1 ,till 9 flame !y bur/ & k9dl$2 ,& erect ^u ! m\nta9s1 ,git*e ,manito1 ! mighty1 ,smok$ ! calumet1 ! ,peace-,pipe1 #cj ,z a signal to ! nations4 ,& ! smoke rose sl[ly1 sl[ly1 ,?r\gh ! tranquil air ( morn+1 ,fir/ a s+le l9e ( d>kness1 ,!n a d5s]1 blu] vapor1 #ce ,!n a sn[-:ite cl\d unfold+1 ,l ! tree-tops ( ! =e/1 ,ev] ris+1 ris+1 ris+1 ,till x t\*$ ! top ( heav51 ,till x broke aga9/ ! heav51 #dj ,& roll$ outw>d all ar\nd x4 ,f ! ,vale ( ,tawas5?a1 ,f ! ,valley ( ,wyom+1 ,f ! groves ( ,tuscaloosa1 ,f ! f>-(f ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 #de ,f ! ,nor!rn lakes & riv]s ,all ! tribes beheld ! signal1 ,saw ! di/ant smoke asc5d+1 ,! ,pukwana ( ! ,peace-,pipe4 ,& ! ,prophets ( ! nations #ej ,said3 8,behold x1 ! ,pukwana6 ,by ?is signal f af> (f1 ,b5d+ l a w& ( will[1 ,wav+ l a h& t beckons1 ,git*e ,manito1 ! mighty1 #ee ,calls ! tribes ( m5 toge!r1 ,calls ! w>riors to 8 c\ncil60 ,d[n ! riv]s1 o'er ! prairies1 ,came ! w>riors ( ! nations1 ,came ! ,delaw>es & ,mohawks1 #fj ,came ! ,*octaws & ,caman*es1 ,came ! ,%o%onies & ,blackfeet1 ,came ! ,pawnees & ,omahas1 ,came ! ,m&ans & ,dacotahs1 ,came ! ,hurons & ,ojibways1 #fe ,all ! w>riors drawn toge!r ,by ! signal ( ! ,peace-,pipe1 ,to ! ,m\nta9s ( ! ,prairie1 ,to ! ,great ,r$ ,pipe-,/one ,qu>ry4 ,& !y /ood !re on ! mead[1 #gj ,) _! weapons & _! w>-ge>1 ,pa9t$ l ! leaves ( ,autumn1 ,pa9t$ l ! sky ( morn+1 ,wildly gl>+ at ea* o!r2 ,9 _! faces /]n defiance1 #ge ,9 _! he>ts ! feuds ( ages1 ,! h]$it>y hatr$1 ,! ance/ral ?ir/ ( v5geance4 ,git*e ,manito1 ! mighty1 ,! creator ( ! nations1 #hj ,look$ ^u !m ) compassion1 ,) pat]nal love & pity2 ,look$ ^u _! wra? & wrangl+ ,b z qu>rels among *ildr51 ,b z feuds & fights ( *ildr56 #he ,ov] !m he /ret*$ 8 "r h&1 ,to subdue _! /ubborn natures1 ,to allay _! ?ir/ & fev]1 ,by ! %ad[ ( 8 "r h&2 ,spake to !m ) voice maje/ic #ij ,z ! s\nd ( f>-(f wat]s1 ,fall+ into deep abysses1 ,w>n+1 *id+1 spake 9 ?is wise3-- 8,o my *ildr56 my poor *ildr56 ,li/5 to ! words ( wisdom1 #ie ,li/5 to ! words ( w>n+1 ,f ! lips ( ! ,great ,_s1 ,f ! ,ma/] ( ,life1 :o made y6 8,i h giv5 y l&s to hunt 91 ,i h giv5 y /reams to fi% 91 #ajj ,i h giv5 y be> & bison1 ,i h giv5 y roe & re9de]1 ,i h giv5 y brant & beav]1 ,fill$ ! m>%es full ( wild-f[l1 ,fill$ ! riv]s full ( fi%es2 #aje ,:y !n are y n cont5t$8 ,:y !n w y hunt ea* o!r8 8,i am we>y ( y\r qu>rels1 ,we>y ( y\r w>s & blood%$1 ,we>y ( y\r pray]s = v5geance1 #aaj ,( y\r wrangl+s & diss5sions2 ,all y\r /r5g? is 9 y\r union1 ,all y\r dang] is 9 discord2 ,!re=e be at peace h5ce=w>d1 ,& z bro!rs live toge!r4 #aae 8,i w s5d a ,prophet to y1 ,a ,deliv]] ( ! nations1 ,:o %all guide y & %all tea* y1 ,:o %all toil & suff] ) y4 ,if y li/5 to 8 c\nsels1 #abj ,y w multiply & prosp]2 ,if 8 w>n+s pass unhe$$1 ,y w fade away & p]i%6 8,ba! n[ 9 ! /ream be=e y1 ,wa% ! w>-pa9t f y\r faces1 #abe ,wa% ! blood-/a9s f y\r f+]s1 ,bury y\r w>-clubs & y\r weapons1 ,break ! r$ /one f ?is qu>ry1 ,m\ld & make x into ,peace-,pipes1 ,take ! re$s t gr[ beside y1 #acj ,deck !m ) y\r brighte/ fea!rs1 ,smoke ! calumet toge!r1 ,& z bro!rs live h5ce=w>d60 ,!n ^u ! gr\nd ! w>riors ,?rew _! cloaks & %irts ( de]-sk91 #ace ,?rew _! weapons & _! w>-ge>1 ,leap$ into ! ru%+ riv]1 ,wa%$ ! w>-pa9t f _! faces4 ,cle> above !m fl[$ ! wat]1 ,cle> & limpid f ! footpr9ts #adj ,( ! ,ma/] ( ,life desc5d+2 ,d>k bel[ !m fl[$ ! wat]1 ,soil$ & /a9$ ) /reaks ( crimson1 ,z if blood 7 m+l$ ) x6 ,f ! riv] came ! w>riors1 #ade ,clean & wa%$ f all _! w>-pa9t2 ,on ! banks _! clubs !y buri$1 ,buri$ all _! w>like weapons4 ,git*e ,manit\1 ! mighty1 ,! ,great ,_s1 ! creator1 #aej ,smil$ ^u 8 helpless *ildr56 ,& 9 sil5ce all ! w>riors ,broke ! r$ /one ( ! qu>ry1 ,smoo!d & =m$ x into ,peace-,pipes1 ,broke ! long re$s by ! riv]1 #aee ,deck$ !m ) _! brighte/ fea!rs1 ,& dep>t$ ea* "o homew>d1 ,:ile ! ,ma/] ( ,life1 asc5d+1 ,?r\gh ! op5+ ( cl\d-curta9s1 ,?r\gh ! doorways ( ! heav51 #afj ,vani%$ f be=e _! faces1 ,9 ! smoke t roll$ ar\nd him1 ,! ,pukwana ( ! ,peace-,pipe6 ,x is to be hop$ t ! foll[+ notes w be c>efully consid]$4 ,inflections are mo/ subtle indications ( int]pretation1 & _! mean+ none too well appreh5d$4 ,"t sp5t 9 su* an analysis z t h]e9 und]tak5 %\ld solve all ! ord9>y difficulties ( ! class-room4 l4 #a4--;,incomplete1 h5ce ris+ inflection#ae on ,prairie4 l4 #b4--,! same inflection on ,qu>ry4 l4 #c-e4--7;a7 ,git*e ,manito is ! c5tral idea2 h5ce !re w be m =ce on ^? words4 7b7 ,note t desc5d+ is sep>at$ f ! next l9e by a comma4 ,?is is a good illu/ration ( ! function ( punctuation2 = if ! comma 7 n ins]t$ we %\ld read1 desc5d+ ,on ! r$ crags ( ! qu>ry1 & %\ld n le>n ( our mi/ake until we came to ! next l9e4 l4 #f4--,nations3 fall+ inflection4 ,a good illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple t punctuation does n det]m9e inflection3 ! s5se is complete1 & ! fall+ inflection in/9ctively d5otes t fact4 ,! :ole p>agraph is po9t+ =w>d to ! ma9 /atem5t1 call$ ! nations4 ,!re might be "s reason 9 ! use ( a fall+ inflection on erect1 b p]haps ! o!r int]pretation is to be pref]r$4 l4 #h-i4--;,fall+ inflections on riv] & on morn+4 l4 #aj4--,ris+ inflection on d[nw>d4 ,!re is likelihood ( mis9t]pretation "h4 ,p>aphras$1 l9es #aj & #aa are equival5t to1 ,& ! riv]1 plung+ d[nw>d ov] ! precipice1 gleam$ l ,i%koodah1 ! comet4 l4 #aa4--;,fall+ inflection on ,i%koodah1 because ! riv] did n gleam l ! comet ,i%koodah1 b l ,i%koodah1 :i* is ! ,indian "n = comet4 l4 #ab4--,/oop+ e>?w>d3 subord9ate idea4 l4 #ab-ae4--;,x is surpris+ h[ c>eless pupils are 9 read+ ^! l9es4 ,!y ne>ly always read !m to convey ! idea t ! ,_s /oop$ e>?w>d ) 8 f+] on ! mead[4 ,obs]ve h[ ! mean+ is br\ght out by ! foll[+ read+3 ,& ! ,_s 7pause71 /oop+ e>?ard 7pause71 ,) 8 f+] 7pause7 on ! meado 7pause71 ,trac$ a w9d+ pa?ay = x 7pause71 ,say+ to x 7pause71 8,run 9 ?is way60 l4 #ag-ai4--,! melody is virtually ! same 9 ea* ( ^! l9es1 ) a fall+ inflection on fragm5t1 pipe-head & figures4 l4 #ba4--,ris+ inflection pref]able on pipe-/em4 ,! poem ab\nds 9 l9es end+ ) fall+ inflections2 h5ce1 "o %\ld be on ! al]t = su* l9es z ?is4 l4 #bc4--;,fall+ inflection on will[4 l4 #be-bf4--,ris+ inflection on =e/ & on toge!r4 ,we note t ^! two l9es po9t =w>d4 l4 #bh-ca4--,ris+ inflections ?r\gh\t1 ev5 on calumet1 ^u :i* ^w ! pupil (t5 errs4 l4 #cj4--,! ,peace-,pipe is n a subord9ate idea2 x is an idea cord9ate ) calumet4 l4 #cb4--,obs]ve ! rhy?mic *ange & its mean+4 l4 #cc4--;,fall+ inflection on morn+4 ,l9es #cb & #cc conta9 ! g5]al /atem5t1 & l4 #cd-ci conta9 ! p>ticul>4 ,:5 we p]ceive ?is latt] fact we w use ! ris+ inflection at ! end ( ea* l9e until we rea* heav5 9 l9e #ci1 :51 ( c\rse1 we %all h ! fall+4 l4 #cg4--,subord9ate4 l4 #dj4--,obs]ve t broke is ! emphatic ^w1 n aga9/4 ,ris+ inflection on heav54 l4 #db-df4--;,x is an op5 "q :e!r we %\ld use a ris+ or a fall+ inflection at ! end ( ea* ( ^! l9es4 ,to use ! fall+ w\ld convey ! idea t ea* detail 0 important2 to use ! ris+1 to lay ! /ress ^u ! :ole4 7,see ,mom5t>y ,complet5ess1 page #fa1 et seq47 ,! =m] read+ seems ! bett]4 l4 #ea4--;,fall+ inflection on ,behold x4 l4 #ec-ed4--,subord9ate4 l4 #ef4--;,fall+ inflection on toge!r4 l4 #eh4--;,an int]e/+ po9t is pres5t$ 9 ?is l9e4 ,! poet int5ds to convey ! idea t "s tribes came d[n ! riv]s & o!rs o'er ! prairies4 ,h5ce ! melody & =ce ( ! two phrases w be id5tical4 l4 #ei4--;,fall+ inflection on nations4 l4 #fj-fe4--,! mo/ natural int]pretation seems to be to use a ris+ inflection on ! "n ( ! fir/ tribe 9 ea* l9e1 & a fall+ on ! second4 l4 #ff-fg4--,ris+ inflection on toge!r & on ,peace-,pipe4 l4 #fh4--;,fall+ inflection on ,prairie4 l4 #gj4--,ris+ inflection on mead[4 l4 #ga-gd4--;,fall+ inflection on w>-ge>1 ,autumn1 morn+1 & o!r4 l4 #gd4--,?is is ! /ronge/ l9e ( ! f\r4 l4 #ge-gf4--;,faces & he>ts are n contra/$4 ,! melody ( ! two l9es is virtually ! same4 l4 #ha4--;,fall+ inflection on compassion4 l4 #hf4--;,fall+ inflection on h& is to be pref]r$4 l4 #hg-hi4--,^! ?ree l9es %\ld be con/ru$ z "o idea4 ,h5ce ris+ inflection w be giv5 on natures & on fev]4 l4 #ij-ic4--,ris+ inflections on maje/ic1 wat]s1 w>n+1 *id+4 ,:y8 ,fall+ inflection on abysses4 ,:y8 l4 #id4--;,does he use ris+ inflection or fall+ on *ildr58 ,:at w\ld be ! diff]5ce 9 ! idea convey$ by ea*8 l4 #ie-if4--;,d ^! l9es mean 8,w y n li/580 ,if s !y are full ( plead+4 ,if ! speak] is imp]ative ! inflection w be fall+4 l4 #ih4--;,fall+ inflection on ,life4 ,obs]ve h[ mean+ful are ! words :o made y4 l4 #ii-aje4--,%all !re be ris+ or fall+ inflection at ! end ( ^! l9es8 ,:at w\ld ea* convey respectively8 l4 #aab4--,obs]ve ! radical *ange 9 ! speak]'s attitude4 ,he has be5 ass]t+2 n[ he argues & pleads4 l4 #aaf-aag4--;,fall+ inflection on y & on nations4 l4 #aah4--,ris+ inflection on guide4 l4 #aai4--,toil & suff] %\ld be jo9$ toge!r1 ) ! ma9 pause aft] suff]4 ,d n emphasize )4 l4 #aba4--,ris+ inflection on multiply4 l4 #abb4--,note ! contra/ on unhe$$4 l4 #abd-abg4--;,fall+ inflection on all ! emphatic words4 ,!re w be a t5d5cy to use ! ris+ inflection on w>-pa9t1 blood-/a9s1 w>-clubs4 l4 #abh4--,ris+ inflection on qu>ry4 ,:y8 l4 #acj4--,ris+ inflection on y4 l4 #aca4--;,fall+ inflection on fea!rs4 l4 #acc4--,pr9cipal pause aft] bro!rs1 ) p]haps a brief pause aft] live4 l4 #acd4--,%ort pause aft] !n2 long] aft] gr\nd4 l4 #ace4--,ris+ inflection on de]-sk9 seems pref]able4 l4 #acf4--;,fall+ inflection on w>-ge>4 l4 #ach4--;,fall+ inflection on faces4 l4 #aci4--;,fall+ inflection on wat]4 l4 #adj4--;,fall+ inflection on limpid4 l4 #adb4--,ris+ inflection on wat]4 l4 #adc-add4--;,fall+ inflection on crimson & on blood4 l4 #acd-add4--,?is is ! climax ( ! poem4 ,:5 "o grasps ?is idea ! voice becomes full ( joy4 ,be sure to get ! picture ( ! cle> & limpid wat] z x fl[s d[n to :]e ! w>riors are1 & note ! *ange z x passes bel[ !m1 t+$ ) ! w>-pa9t x has wa%$ away4 ,note ! emphasis on cle> above1 & on d>k bel[4 l4 #ade4--,ris+ inflection on w>riors4 l4 #adh4--;,fall+ inflection on weapons4 l4 #adi-aej4--,ris+ inflection on mighty & on creator4 l4 #aea4--;,fall+ inflection on smil$4 l4 #aeb4--,pause aft] sil5ce2 ris+ inflection on w>riors4 l4 #aec4--,ris+ inflection on qu>ry4 l4 #aed4--;,fall+ inflection on ,peace-,pipes4 l4 #aee-aef4--,ris+ inflection on riv]1 fea!rs4 l4 #aeh4--,note ! pause aft] asc5d+4 ,he asc5d$ ?r\gh & vani%$ 94 l4 #aeh-afj4--,ris+ inflection on ,life1 asc5d+1 curta9s1 & heav54 l4 #afa4--;,fall+ inflection on vani%$2 ris+ on faces4 l4 #afb4--;,x seems t ! ris+ inflection w\ld be pref]able on him4 ,9 ! foll[+ poem x is purpos$ to (f] comm5ts pr9cipally z to ! movem5t4 ,!re is no?+ t conduces m to v>iety 9 read+ ?an frequ5t *anges 9 movem5t4 ,n t ^! *anges %\ld be haphaz>d2 on ! contr>y1 z we h se5 9 ,*apt] ,i1 !re is a def9ite pr9ciple und]ly+ movem5t4 ,! analysis %\ld reveal t ! v>i\s ideas are ( diff]5t degrees ( importance1 & ! recognition ( ^! diff]5ces w lead to ! v>iety ( movem5t4 ,att5tion is also direct$ to transitions1 & occasionally to ! atmosph]e4 ,e comm5t %\ld be c>efully consid]$ & *all5g$4 ,! pr9t$ page is a mono*rome ( type4 ,! dang] is1 !re=e1 t we read monoton\sly4 ,) ! ye>s we acquire a fatal facility = pron\nc+ words )\t gett+ ! und]ly+ ?\ght4 ,! object ( ^! analyses is to take ! m9d f ! words to ! ideas :i* !y express1 & s to improve ! read+4 ,,horatius ,a ,,lay ,,made ,,ab\t ,,! ,,ye> ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,cccix ,i#af ,l>s ,pors5a ( ,clusium ,by ! ,n9e ,gods he swore ,t ! great h\se ( ,t>qu9 ,%\ld suff] wrong no m4 ,by ! ,n9e ,gods he swore x1 #e ,& nam$ a try/+ day1 ,& bade 8 mess5g]s ride =?1 ,ea/ & we/ & s\? & nor?1 ,to summon 8 array4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xi ,& n[ ha? e city #aj ,s5t up h] tale ( m53 ,! foot are f\rscore ?\s&1 ,! horse are ?\s&s t54 ,be=e ! gates ( ,sutrium ,is met ! great array4 #ae ,a pr\d man 0 ,l>s ,pors5a ,^u ! try/+ day4 ,,xii ,= all ! ,etruscan armies ,7 rang$ b5ea? 8 eye1 ,& _m a bani%$ ,roman1 #bj ,& _m a /\t ally2 ,& ) a mighty foll[+ ,to jo9 ! mu/] came ,! ,tusculan ,mamilius1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,latian "n4 #be ,,xiii ,b by ! yell[ ,tib] ,0 tumult & affright3 ,f all ! spaci\s *ampaign ,to ,rome m5 took _! flight4 ,a mile ar\nd ! city1 #cj ,! ?rong /opp$ up ! ways3 ,a fe>ful sight x 0 to see ,?r\gh two long nights & days4 ,,xiv ,= ag$ folks on crut*es1 ,& wom5 great ) *ild1 #ce ,& mo!rs sobb+ ov] babes ,t clung to !m & smil$1 ,& sick m5 borne 9 litt]s ,high on ! necks ( slaves1 ,& troops ( sunburn$ husb&m5 #dj ,) reap+-hooks & /aves1 ,,xv ,& droves ( mules & asses ,lad5 ) sk9s ( w9e1 ,& endless flocks ( goats & %eep1 ,& endless h]ds ( k9e1 #de ,& endless tra9s ( wagons ,t creak$ b5ea? ! weight ,( corn-sacks & ( h\sehold goods1 ,*ok$ e ro>+ gate4 ,,xvi ,n[1 f ! rock ,t>peian1 #ej ,c\ld ! wan burgh]s spy ,! l9e ( blaz+ villages ,r$ 9 ! midnight sky4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! city1 ,!y sat all night & day2 #ee ,= e h\r "s horseman came ,) tid+s ( dismay4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xix ,!y held a c\ncil1 /&+ ,be=e ! ,riv]-,gate3 ,%ort "t 0 !re1 ye may well guess1 #fj ,= mus+ or debate4 ,out spake ! ,consul r\ndly3 8,! bridge mu/ /raight g d[n2 ,=1 s9ce ,janiculum is lo/1 ,naught else c save ! t[n40 #fe ,,xx ,j !n a sc\t came fly+1 ,all wild ) ha/e & fe>3 8,to arms6 to arms6 ,sir ,consul3 ,l>s ,pors5a is "h40 ,on ! l[ hills to we/w>d #gj ,! ,consul fix$ 8 eye1 ,& saw ! sw>?y /orm ( du/ ,rise fa/ along ! sky4 ,,xxi ,& ne>] fa/1 & ne>]1 ,do? ! r$ :irlw9d come2 #ge ,& l\d] /ill1 & /ill m l\d1 ,f und]nea? t roll+ cl\d1 ,is he>d ! trumpet's w>-note pr\d1 ,! trampl+ & ! hum4 ,& pla9ly1 & m pla9ly1 #hj ,n[ ?r\gh ! gloom appe>s1 ,f> to left1 & f> to "r1 ,9 brok5 gleams ( d>k-blue light1 ,! long array ( helmets bright1 ,! long array ( spe>s4 #he 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxv ,b :5 ! face ( ,sextus ,0 se5 among ! foes1 ,a yell t r5t ! firmam5t ,f all ! t[n arose4 ,on ! h\setops 0 no woman #ij ,b spat t[>ds him1 & hiss$2 ,no *ild b scream$ out curses4 ,& %ook its little fi/4 ,,xxvi ,b ! ,consul's br[ 0 sad1 ,& ! ,consul's spee* 0 l[2 #ie ,& d>kly look$ he at ! wall1 ,& d>kly at ! foe4 8,_! van w be ^u u ,be=e ! bridge goes d[n2 ,& if !y once may w9 ! bridge1 #ajj ,:at hope to save ! t[n80 ,,xxvii ,!n out spake brave ,horatius1 ,! ,capta9 ( ! ,gate3 8,to e man ^u ?is e>?1 ,dea? come? soon or late4 #aje ,& h[ c man die bett] ,?an fac+ fe>ful odds ,= ! a%es ( 8 fa!rs1 ,& ! temples ( 8 gods10 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxix 8,hew d[n ! bridge1 ,sir ,consul1 #aaj ,) all ! spe$ ye may3 ,i1 ) two m to help me1 ,w hold ! foe 9 play4 ,9 yon /rait pa? a ?\s& ,may well be /opp$ by ?ree4 #aae ,n[1 :o w /& on ei!r h&1 ,& keep ! bridge ) me80 ,,xxx ,!n out spake ,spurius ,l>tius1-- ,a ,ramnian pr\d 0 he1-- 8,lo1 ,i w /& at ?y "r h&1 #abj ,& keep ! bridge ) !e40 ,& out spake /rong ,h]m9ius1-- ,( ,titian blood 0 he1-- 8,i w abide on ?y left side1 ,& keep ! bridge ) !e40 #abe ,,xxxi 8,horatius10 quo? ! ,consul1 8,z ?\ saye/1 s let x be40 ,& /raight aga9/ t great array ,=? w5t ! dauntless ,?ree4 ,= ,romans 9 ,rome's qu>rel #acj ,sp>$ nei!r l& nor gold1 ,nor son nor wife1 nor limb nor life1 ,9 ! brave days ( old4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxxiv ,n[1 :ile ! ,?ree 7 tight5+ ,_! h>ness on _! backs1 #ace ,! ,consul 0 ! =emo/ man ,to take 9 h& an axe4 ,& ,fa!rs mix$ ) commons ,seiz$ hat*et1 b>1 & cr[1 ,& smote ^u ! planks above1 #adj ,& loos$ ! props bel[4 ,,xxxv ,mean:ile ! ,tuscan army1 ,"r glori\s to behold1 ,come fla%+ back ! noonday light1 ,rank beh9d rank1 l surges bright #ade ,( a broad sea ( gold4 ,f\r hundr$ trumpets s\nd$ ,a peal ( w>like glee1 ,z t great ho/1 ) measur$ tread1 ,& spe>s advanc$1 & ensigns spread1 #aej ,roll$ sl[ly t[>ds ! bridge's head1 ,:]e /ood ! dauntless ,?ree4 ,,xxxvi ,! ,?ree /ood calm & sil5t1 ,& look$ ^u ! foes1 ,& a great %\t ( laught] #aee ,f all ! vangu>d rose3 ,& =? ?ree *iefs came spurr+ ,be=e t deep array2 ,to e>? !y sprang1 _! swords !y drew1 ,& lift$ high _! %ields1 & flew #afj ,to w9 ! n>r[ way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxxviii ,/\t ,l>tius hurl$ d[n ,aunus ,into ! /ream b5ea?2 ,h]m9ius /ruck at ,seius1 ,& clove him to ! tee?2 #afe ,at ,picus brave ,horatius ,d>t$ "o fi]y ?ru/1 ,& ! pr\d ,umbrian's gild$ arms ,cla%$ 9 ! bloody du/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xl ,h]m9ius smote d[n ,aruns2 #agj ,l>tius laid ,ocnus l[2 ,"r to ! he>t ( ,lausulus ,horatius s5t a bl[4 8,lie !re10 he cri$1 8fell pirate6 ,no m1 agha/ & pale1 #age ,f ,o/ia's walls ! cr[d %all m>k ,! track ( ?y de/roy+ b>k4 ,no m ,campania's h9ds %all fly ,to woods & cav]ns :5 !y spy ,?y ?rice accursd sail40 #ahj ,,xli ,b n[ no s\nd ( laught] ,0 he>d among ! foes4 ,a wild & wra?ful clamor ,f all ! vangu>d rose4 ,six spe>s' l5g?s f ! entrance #ahe ,halt$ t deep array1 ,& = a space no man came =? ,to w9 ! n>r[ way4 ,,xlii ,b h>k6 ! cry is ,a/ur2 ,& lo6 ! ranks divide1 #aij ,& ! great ,"l ( ,luna ,comes ) 8 /ately /ride4 ,^u 8 ample %\ld]s ,clangs l\d ! f\rfold %ield1 ,& 9 8 h& he %akes ! br& #aie ,:i* none b he c wield4 ,,xliii ,he smil$ on ^? bold ,romans1 ,a smile s]5e & high ,he ey$ ! fl9*+ ,tuscans1 ,& scorn 0 9 8 eye4 #bjj ,quo? he1 8,! %e-wolf's litt] ,/& savagely at bay2 ,b w ye d>e to foll[ ,if ,a/ur cle>s ! way80 ,,xliv ,!n1 :irl+ up 8 broadsword #bje ,) bo? h&s to ! height1 ,he ru%$ aga9/ ,horatius1 ,& smote ) all 8 might4 ,) %ield & blade ,horatius ,"r deftly turn$ ! bl[4 #baj ,! bl[1 ?\gh turn$1 came yet too nigh3 ,x miss$ its helm1 b ga%$ 8 ?igh4 ,! ,tuscans rais$ a joyful cry ,to see ! r$ blood fl[4 ,,xlv ,he reel$1 & on ,h]m9ius #bae ,he lean$ "o brea?+-space1 ,!n1 l a wild-cat mad ) w\nds1 ,sprang "r at ,a/ur's face4 ,?r\gh tee? & skull & helmet1 ,s fi]ce a ?ru/ he sp$1 #bbj ,! good sword /ood a h&-bread? out ,beh9d ! ,tuscan's head4 ,,xlvi ,& ! great ,"l ( ,luna ,fell at t deadly /roke1 ,z falls on ,m\nt ,alv]nus #bbe ,a ?und]-smitt5 oak4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xlvii ,on ,a/ur's ?roat ,horatius ,"r firmly press$ 8 heel1 ,& ?rice & f\r times tugg$ ama91 ,ere he wr5*$ out ! /eel4 #bcj 8,& see10 he cri$1 8! welcome1 ,fair gue/s1 t waits y "h6 ,:at noble ,lucumo comes next ,to ta/e our ,roman *e]80 99 99 99 99 99 ,,li ,yet "o man = "o mom5t #bce ,/rode out be=e ! cr[d3 ,well kn[n 0 he to all ! ,?ree1 ,& !y gave him greet+ l\d4 8,n[ welcome1 welcome1 ,sextus6 ,n[ welcome to ?y home6 #bdj ,:y do/ ?\ /ay1 & turn away8 ,"h lies ! road to ,rome40 ,,lii ,?rice look$ he at ! city2 ,?rice look$ he at ! dead2 ,& ?rice came on 9 fury1 #bde ,& ?rice turn$ back 9 dread1 ,&1 :ite ) fe> & hatr$1 ,sc[l$ at ! n>r[ way1 ,:]e1 wall[+ 9 a pool ( blood1 ,! brave/ ,tuscans lay4 #bej ,,liii ,b mean:ile axe & lev] ,h manfully be5 pli$2 ,& n[ ! bridge hangs tott]+ ,above ! boil+ tide4 8,come back1 come back1 ,horatius60 #bee ,l\d cri$ ! ,fa!rs all4 8,back1 ,l>tius6 back1 ,h]m9ius6 ,back1 ere ! ru9 fall60 ,,liv ,back d>t$ ,spurius ,l>tius3 ,h]m9ius d>t$ back3 #bfj ,&1 z !y pass$1 b5ea? _! feet ,!y felt ! timb]s crack4 ,b :5 !y turn$ _! faces1 ,& on ! f>!r %ore ,saw brave ,horatius /& alone1 #bfe ,!y w\ld h cross$ once m4 ,,lv ,b ) a cra% l ?und] ,fell e loos5$ beam1 ,&1 l a dam1 ! mighty wreck ,lay "r a?w>t ! /ream3 #bgj ,& a long %\t ( triumph ,rose f ! walls ( ,rome1 ,z to ! highe/ turret-tops ,0 spla%$ ! yell[ foam4 ,,lvi ,& l a horse unbrok51 #bge ,:5 fir/ he feels ! re91 ,! furi\s riv] /ruggl$ h>d1 ,& toss$ 8 tawny mane1 ,& bur/ ! curb1 & b\nd$1 ,rejoic+ to be free1 #bhj ,& :irl+ d[n1 9 fi]ce c>e]1 ,battlem5t & plank & pi]1 ,ru%$ headlong to ! sea4 ,,lvii ,alone /ood brave ,horatius1 ,b con/ant /ill 9 m9d2 #bhe ,?rice ?irty ?\s& foes be=e1 ,& ! broad flood beh9d4 8,d[n ) him60 cri$ false ,sextus1 ,) a smile on 8 pale face4 8,n[ yield !e10 cri$ ,l>s ,pors5a1 #bij 8,n[ yield !e to our grace40 ,,lviii ,r\nd turn$ he1 z n deign+ ,^? crav5 ranks to see2 ,naught spake he to ,l>s ,pors5a1 ,to ,sextus naught spake he2 #bie ,b he saw on ,palat9us ,! :ite por* ( 8 home1 ,& he spake to ! noble riv] ,t rolls by ! t[]s ( ,rome4 ,,lix 8,o ,tib]6 fa!r ,tib]6 #cjj ,to :om ! ,romans pray1 ,a ,roman's life1 a ,roman's arms1 ,take ?\ 9 *>ge ?is day60 ,s he spake1 &1 speak+1 %ea!d ,! good sword by 8 side1 #cje ,& ) 8 h>ness on 8 back1 ,plung$ headlong 9 ! tide4 ,,lx ,no s\nd ( joy or sorr[ ,0 he>d f ei!r bank3 ,b fri5ds & foes 9 dumb surprise1 #caj ,) p>t$ lips & /ra9+ eyes1 ,/ood gaz+ :]e he sank2 ,& :5 above ! surges1 ,!y saw 8 cre/ appe>1 ,all ,rome s5t =? a raptur\s cry1 #cae ,& ev5 ! ranks ( ,tuscany ,c\ld sc>ce =be> to *e]4 ,,lxi ,b fi]cely ran ! curr5t1 ,swoll5 high by mon?s ( ra93 ,& fa/ 8 blood 0 fl[+1 #cbj ,& he 0 sore 9 pa91 ,& heavy ) 8 armor1 ,& sp5t ) *ang+ bl[s2 ,& (t !y ?\ght him s9k+1 ,b /ill aga9 he rose4 #cbe 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lxiii 8,curse on him60 quo? false ,sextus3 8,w n ! villa9 dr[n8 ,b = ?is /ay1 ere close ( day ,we %\ld h sack$ ! t[n60 8,heav5 help him60 quo? ,l>s ,pors5a1 #ccj 8,& br+ him safe to %ore2 ,= su* a gallant feat ( arms ,0 nev] se5 be=e40 ,,lxiv ,& n[ he feels ! bottom2 ,n[ on dry e>? he /&s2 #cce ,n[ r\nd him ?rong ! ,fa!rs1 ,to press 8 gory h&s2 ,& n[1 ) %\ts & clapp+1 ,& noise ( weep+ l\d1 ,he ent]s ?r\gh ! ,riv]-,gate1 #cdj ,borne by ! joy\s cr[d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/anza ,i l4 #a-d4--,! exalt$ position ( ,l>s ,pors5a1 ! oa?1 & ! gr&eur ( ! ,t>qu9 h\se1 all contribute to make ! movem5t sl[ & ! atmosph]e dignifi$4 l4 #e4--,note ! repetition & its effect on ! movem5t4 l4 #g4--,r fa/4 l4 #h4--;,accord+ to ! importance we atta* to ?is l9e w be ! rate ( movem5t4 ,if x means simply 9 all directions1 ! "t w be mod]ate4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we desire to emphasize t ! mess5g]s rode f> to ! ea/1 & f> to ! we/1 & s =?1 ! "t w be sl[4 ,probably ! =m] is ! bett] int]pretation4 ,/anza ,,xi ,colloquial /yle & mod]ate "t prevail ?r\gh\t ! /anza except 9 l4 #af1 :]e ! transition is m>k$4 ,/anza ,,xii ,! atmosph]e is t ( ! pride ( ,pors5a 9 8 army4 ,/anza ,,xiii l4 #bf4--,obs]ve ! transition to ! atmosph]e ( fright & t]ror t p]vades ! entire /anza4 l4 #cj4--;,conceive t mass ( humanity & note h[ ! l5g? ( ! inflection on mile is ext5d$4 l4 #cc4--,v sl[2 ea* day & ea* night seems to be endless4 ,/anzas ,,xiv & ,,xv ,obs]ve t ! pr9cipal v]b does n appe> until l9e #di4 ,h5ce !re w be a ris+ inflection at ! end ( e l9e ( ^! /anzas except #di4 ,! movem5t is r fa/ & ! atmosph]e t ( despair4 l4 #di4--,v sl[4 ,/anza ,,xvi l4 #ej-ed4--,n>rative /yle4 l4 #ee4--,sl[4 l4 #ef4--,note ! long] inflections on e h\r4 ,/anza ,,xix l4 #eh4--;,be c>eful to sep>ate ! la/ two words4 l4 #fc4--,sl[] "t & m>k$ transition4 ,/anza ,,xx l4 #ff-fg4--;,fa/ "t2 n 9 imitation ( ! spe$ ( ! sc\t1 b 9 sympa?y ) 8 feel+s4 l4 #fh-fi4--,no ef=t %\ld be made to %riek ^! words2 x is suffici5t to sugge/ ! fact t he is call+1 & 8 fe>4 ,! "t w be fa/4 l4 #gj4--,obs]ve ! *ange 9 "t & atmosph]e4 l4 #gc4--;,a good illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple und]ly+ movem5t4 ,?is l9e is read sl[ly1 = x ann\nces ! doom ( ! city4 ,/anza ,,xxi l4 #gd-ge4--,mod]ate "t4 l4 #gf-gi4--,note t ! "t gr[s gradually sl[] z ! m9d becomes m & m engross$ ) ! picture1 & h[ ! voice swells ) increas+ gr&eur4 l4 #hj-he4--,prevail+ly mod]ate movem5t4 l4 #hd4--,ris+ inflection on bright because ! speak] no d\bt has 9 m9d ! two l9es1 #hd & #he4 ,/anza ,,xxv ,! hatr$ & contempt ( ! speak] w color ! entire /anza4 ,! movem5t w be on ! :ole mod]ate4 l4 #hh4--,sl[4 ,/anza ,,xxvi l4 #id4--,sl[] "t1 & an atmosph]e ( sadness4 ,be> 9 m9d ! speak] sympa?izes ) ! ,consul4 l4 #ih4--;,despair & sadness4 ,/anza ,,xxvii l4 #ajb-ajc4--,manife/ ! speak]'s pride 9 ,horatius1 & note ! /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! atmosph]e ( ^! l9es & t ( ! conclud+ l9es ( ! prec$+ /anza4 l4 #ajd-aji4--,solemn & delib]ate4 ,/anza ,,xxix l4 #aaj-aae4--,note ! *ange 9 ,horatius4 l4 #aaf-aag4--;,z if address+ ! cr[d2 a m>k$ transition4 ,/anza ,,xxx ,a good /udy 9 v>iety2 ne>ly e l9e pres5ts a *ange ( atmosph]e4 ,/anza ,,xxxi l4 #abf-abg4--,v delib]ately ! ,consul speaks4 ,:y8 ,:at are 8 feel+s8 l4 #abh-abi4--,obs]ve ! patriotic r+ 9 ! speak]'s words4 ,/anza ,,xxxiv ,! /anza is 9 simple n>rative /yle1 & conta9s b little emotion4 ,! significant idea is t ! patricians 9 ?is h\r ( trial work$ side by side ) plebeians4 ,/anza ,,xxxv ,! "t is mod]ate at ! beg9n+1 becom+ gradually sl[] to ! end4 ,obs]ve ! *ange 9 atmosph]e 9 ! la/ l9e4 ,once m x is well to rem9d ! read] t ! speak] is a patriot4 ,/anza ,,xxxvi ,! movem5t ( ! fir/ two l9es is r sl[2 aft] t x accel]ates to ! end1 9 sympa?y ) ! fa/ mov+ picture4 ,/anza ,,xxxviii ,! atmosph]e is t ( /ruggle & ( ! joy ( victory4 ,! "t w be r fa/1 ret>d+ t[>ds ! close4 ,/anza ,,xl l4 #agj-agc4--,see note on prec$+ /anza4 l4 #agd4--,transition4 ,obs]ve ! hate ( ,horatius4 ,/anza ,,xli ,! "t is prevail+ly sl[1 & ! atmosph]e 9 m>k$ contra/ to t ( ! prec$+ /anza4 ,!re is1 too1 a note ( contempt & irony4 ,/anza ,,xlii l4 #ahi4--;,abrupt transition to atmosph]e ( :at is almo/ fe>4 ,"t fa/4 l4 #aij-aif4--,"t sl[1 & atmosph]e 9 sympa?y ) ! size & /r5g? ( ,a/ur4 ,/anza ,,xliii l4 #aig-aih4--,obs]ve ! contra/ betwe5 ! atmosph]e ( ^! l9es & t ( ! succe$+ two4 l4 #bja-bjb4--;,a/ur's contempt = 8 own allies4 l4 #bjc4--;,boa/fully4 ,/anza ,,xliv l4 #bje-bjh4--;,fa/ & /rong4 l4 #bji-baj4--;,fa/4 l4 #baa-bab4--,sl[]1 & note *ange 9 feel+3 ,horatius is w\nd$4 l4 #bac-bad4--,! joy ( ! enemy s]ves b to increase ! speak]'s sorr[4 ,/anza ,,xlv l4 #bag-bbb4--,note ! int5sity ( ! speak]'s feel+ & 8 savage joy at ! close4 ,/anza ,,xlvi ,sl[ "t ?r\gh\t4 ,/anza ,,xlvii l4 #bbg4--,mod]ate "t4 l4 #bca-bcd4--,transition to ! pr\d & contemptu\s defiance ( ,horatius4 ,! "t is mod]ate2 ! key is high1 because ,horatius is call+ to ! oppos+ army4 ,/anza ,,li l4 #bce-bcf4--,simple n>rative4 l4 #bcg-bch4--;,contemptu\s4 l4 #bci-bdb4--,s>ca/ic ?r\gh\t4 ,"t q sl[4 ,/anza ,,lii l4 #bdf4--,v sl[ & contemptu\s1 especially ! la/ f\r words4 ,fall+ inflection on dread4 ,/anza ,,liii l4 #bea4--,note ! transition4 l4 #bea-bed4--,r fa/4 l4 #bee4--,sugge/ ! su/a9$ call & ! w>n+4 l4 #bef4--,subord9ate4 l4 #beg-beh4--;,fa/] & ) great] trepidation4 ,/anza ,,liv l4 #bei-bfb4--;,fa/4 l4 #bfc4--,transition4 ,/anza ,,lv ,?is /anza is ! climax ( ! poem4 ,horatius' "w is done6 ,! atmosph]e is t ( joy1 triumph1 & exultation4 ,/anza ,,lvi ,! excitem5t ( ! speak] c>ries him on ) headlong spe$ z he recalls ! picture describ$ 9 ?is /anza4 ,/anza ,,lvii l4 #bhd4--,! excitem5t subsides4 l4 #bhf-bhg4--,no hope4 l4 #bhi4--,:at is ! emotion ( ,sextus8 ,note ! smile4 l4 #bij4--,obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,l>s ,pors5a & ,sextus 9 _! feel+s t[>d ,horatius4 ,/anza ,,lviii l4 #bib4--,sl[] "t4 ,is !re n a note ( pride 9 ! speak]'s voice z he recalls ! brav]y ( ,horatius8 l4 #big-bii4--,t5d] & sl[4 ,/anza ,,lix l4 #cjj-cjc4--,sl[ & rev]5tial4 l4 #cjd-cjg4--,r fa/1 ) pause be=e & aft] headlong4 ,/anza ,,lx l4 #cjh-cab4--,r sl[4 l4 #cac4--,note transition to ! feel+ ( joy4 ,/anza ,,lxi ,! entire /anza is p]meat$ ) ! speak]'s susp5se & ) 8 sympa?y ) ! /ruggles ( ! w\nd$ man4 ,/anza ,,lxiii ,obs]ve aga9 ! contra/ betwe5 ,sextus & ,l>s ,pors5a1 bo? enemies ( ,horatius4 ,/anza ,,lxiv ,if we w foll[ ! picture & describe x z we see x & z ! speak] n[ recalls x1 we w make long pauses aft] bottom & /&s4 ,! "t increases 9 rapidity ?r\gh ! fir/ f\r l9es1 & !n is ret>d$ to ! end4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! fir/ f\r l9es is t ( joy1 & x is h>dly possible to keep back ! te>s z we utt] ! la/ f\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! f9al selection we %all call att5tion to all ! int]pretative difficulties :i* ! tea*] is likely to meet ) 9 ! class-room4 ,!re is no reason :y su* a piece ( lit]ature z ?is _c be us$ to advantage ev5 9 ! public s*ool1 provid$ we take ! "t = c>eful analysis4 ,,julius ,,caes>4--,,%akespe>e ,,act ,,iv41 ,,sc5e #c ,brutus's ,t5t ,ent] ,,brutus & ,,cassius ,,cas4 ,t y h wrong'd me do? appe> 9 ?is3 ,y h condemn'd & not$ ,lucius ,pella ,= tak+ bribes "h ( ! ,s>dians2 ,:]e9 my lett]s1 pray+ on 8 side1 ,because ,i knew ! man1 7 slight$ (f4 ,,bru4 ,y wrong'd y\rself to write 9 su* a case4 ,,cas4 ,9 su* a "t z ?is x is n meet ,t e nice (f5ce %\ld be> 8 comm5t4 ,,bru4 ,let me tell y1 ,cassius1 y y\rself ,are mu* condemn'd to h an it*+ palm2 #aj ,to sell & m>t y\r (fices = gold ,to undes]v]s4 ,,cas4 ,i an it*+ palm6 ,y "k t y are ,brutus t speak ?is1 ,or1 by ! gods1 ?is spee* 7 else y\r la/4 ,,bru4 ,! "n ( ,cassius hon\rs ?is corruption1 ,& *a/isem5t do? !re=e hide 8 head4 ,,cas4 ,*a/isem5t6 ,,bru4 ,rememb] ,m>*1 ! ides ( ,m>* rememb]3 ,did n great ,julius ble$ = ju/ice sake8 ,:at villa9 t\*'d 8 body1 t did /ab1 #bj ,& n = ju/ice8 ,:at1 %all "o ( u1 ,t /ruck ! =emo/ man ( all ?is _w ,b = support+ robb]s1 %all we n[ ,contam9ate our f+]s ) base bribes1 ,& sell ! mighty space ( our l>ge hon\rs ,= s mu* tra% z may be grasp$ ?us8 ,i _h r be a dog1 & bay ! moon1 ,?an su* a ,roman4 ,,cas4 ,brutus1 bay n me2 ,i'll n endure x2 y =get y\rself1 ,to h$ge me 92 ,i am a soldi]1 ,i1 #cj ,old] 9 practice1 abl] ?an y\rself ,to make conditions4 ,,bru4 ,g to2 y are n1 ,cassius4 ,,cas4 ,i am4 ,,bru4 ,i say y are n4 ,,cas4 ,urge me no m1 ,i %all =get myself2 ,h m9d ^u y\r heal?1 tempt me no f>!r4 ,,bru4 ,away1 slight man6 ,,cas4 ,is't possible8 ,,bru4 ,he> me1 = ,i w speak4 ,mu/ ,i give way & room to y\r ra% *ol]8 ,%all ,i be fright$ :5 a madman />es8 #dj ,,cas4 ,o ye gods1 ye gods6 mu/ ,i endure all ?is8 ,,bru4 ,all ?is6 ay1 m3 fret till y\r pr\d he>t break2 ,g %[ y\r slaves h[ *ol]ic y are1 ,& make y\r bondm5 tremble4 ,mu/ ,i budge8 ,mu/ ,i obs]ve y8 mu/ ,i /& & cr\* ,"u y\r te/y hum\r8 ,by ! gods1 ,y %all dige/ ! v5om ( y\r sple51 ,?\gh x d split y2 =1 f ?is day =?1 ,i'll use y = my mir?1 yea1 = my laught]1 ,:5 y are waspi%4 ,,cas4 ,is x come to ?is8 #ej ,,bru4 ,y say y are a bett] soldi]2 ,let x appe> s2 make y\r vaunt+ true1 ,& x %all please me well3 = m9e own "p1 ,i %all be glad to le>n ( noble m54 ,,cas4 ,y wrong me e way2 y wrong me1 ,brutus2 ,i said1 an eld] soldi]1 n a bett]3 ,did ,i say #8bett]'8 ,,bru4 ,if y did1 ,i c>e n4 ,,cas4 ,:5 ,caes> liv$1 he dur/ n ?us h mov$ me4 ,,bru4 ,peace1 peace6 y dur/ n s h tempt$ him4 ,,cas4 ,i dur/ n6 #fj ,,bru4 ,no4 ,,cas4 ,:at1 dur/ n tempt him6 ,,bru4 ,= y\r life y dur/ n4 ,,cas4 ,d n presume too mu* ^u my love2 ,i may d t ,i %all be sorry =4 ,,bru4 ,y h done t y %\ld be sorry =4 ,!re is no t]ror1 ,cassius1 9 y\r ?reats1 ,= ,i am arm'd s /rong 9 hone/y ,t !y pass by me z ! idle w9d1 ,:i* ,i respect n4 ,i did s5d to y ,= c]ta9 sums ( gold1 :i* y d5i$ me3 #gj ,= ,i c raise no money by vile means3 ,by heav51 ,i _h r co9 my he>t1 ,& drop my blood = dra*mas1 ?an to wr+ ,f ! h>d h&s ( peasants _! vile tra% ,by any indirection3 ,i did s5d ,to y = gold to pay my legions1 ,:i* y d5i$ me3 0 t done l ,cassius8 ,%\ld ,i h answ]'d ,caius ,cassius s8 ,:5 ,m>cus ,brutus gr[s s covet\s1 ,to lock su* rascal c\nt]s f 8 fri5ds1 #hj ,be ready1 gods1 ) all y\r ?und]bolts2 ,da% him to pieces6 ,,cas4 ,i d5i$ y n4 ,,bru4 ,y did4 ,,cas4 ,i did n3 he 0 b a fool t br\ght ,my answ] back4 ,brutus ha? riv$ my he>t3 ,a fri5d %\ld be> 8 fri5d's infirmities1 ,b ,brutus makes m9e great] ?an !y are4 ,,bru4 ,i d n1 till y practise !m on me4 ,,cas4 ,y love me n4 ,,bru4 ,i d n l y\r faults4 ,,cas4 ,a fri5dly eye c\ld nev] see su* faults4 #ij ,,bru4 ,a flatt]]'s w\ld n1 ?\gh !y d appe> ,z huge z high ,olympus4 ,,cas4 ,come1 ,antony1 & "y ,octavius1 come1 ,rev5ge y\rselves alone on ,cassius1 ,= ,cassius is awe>y ( ! _w3 ,hat$ by "o he loves2 brav$ by 8 bro!r2 ,*eck'd l a bondman2 all 8 faults obs]v$1 ,set 9 a note-book1 le>n'd1 & conn'd by rote1 ,to ca/ into my tee?4 ,o1 ,i c\ld weep ,my _s f m9e eyes6 ,!re is my dagg]1 #ajj ,& "h my nak$ brea/2 )91 a he>t ,de>] ?an ,plutus' m9e1 ri*] ?an gold3 ,if t ?\ be'/ a ,roman1 take x =?2 ,/rike1 z ?\ did/ at ,caes>2 =1 ,i "k1 ,i1 t d5i$ !e gold1 w give my he>t3 ,:5 ?\ did/ hate him wor/1 ?\ lov$/ him bett] ,?an ev] ?\ lov$/ ,cassius4 ,,bru4 ,%ea! y\r dagg]3 ,be angry :5 y w1 x %all h scope2 ,d :at y w1 di%on\r %all be hum\r4 ,o ,cassius1 y are yok$ ) a lamb #aaj ,t c>ries ang] z ! fl9t be>s fire2 ,:o1 mu* en=c$1 %[s a ha/y sp>k1 ,& /raight is cold aga94 ,,cas4 ,ha? ,cassius liv$ ,to be b mir? & laught] to 8 ,brutus1 ,:5 grief1 & blood ill-temp]'d1 vexe? him8 ,,bru4 ,:5 ,i spoke t1 ,i 0 ill-temp]'d too4 ,,cas4 ,d y confess s mu*8 ,give me y\r h&4 ,,bru4 ,& my he>t too4 ,,cas4 ,o ,brutus6 ,,bru4 ,:at's ! matt]8 ,,cas4 ,h n y love en\gh to be> ) me1 ,:5 t ra% hum\r :i* my "m gave me #abj ,makes me =getful8 ,,bru4 ,yes1 ,cassius2 &1 f h5ce=?1 ,:5 y are ov]-e>ne/ ) y\r ,brutus4 ,he'll ?9k y\r "m *ides1 & leave y s4 ,a few words ( introduction are fir/ necess>y4 ,we %\ld und]/& ! play z a :ole1 & be conv]sant ) ! ev5ts t lead up to ?is p>ticul> sc5e2 fur!r1 we %\ld be> 9 m9d ! t5se1 spl5etic "* ( ,cassius1 & ! calm1 controll$1 /oical disposition ( ,brutus4 l4 #a4--;,9 ,sc5e #b we get ! keynote to ,cassius' mann]4 ,he is s full ( 8 suppos$ wrong t he pays no he$ to ! surr\nd+s1 & bluntly plunges into ! matt] 9 h&4 ,brutus re/ra9s him1 & toge!r !y move to ! =m]'s t5t4 ,no soon] d !y ent] ?an aga9 ,cassius bur/s =?4 l4 #d4--;,cassius is piqu$ t 8 lett]s %\ld h fail$ to %ield ,lucius ,pella f ! puni%m5t = 8 wrongdo+4 l4 #e4--,subord9ate & explanatory4 l4 #f4--;,brutus's answ] is simple & direct1 yet )\t feel+4 l4 #h4--,nice is equival5t to unimportant1 small4 ,!re is a t\* ( contempt 9 ?is spee*4 l4 #i4--;,aga9 we note ! directness ( ,brutus's /atem5t1 & ! abs5ce ( feel+4 ,note1 too1 t he 9 no way seeks to s(t5 8 *>ges4 l4 #ab4--;,imag9e ! surprise & rage ( ,cassius4 ,!re w be a sweep+ upw>d inflection on ,i4 ,x is only ) ! utmo/ ef=t t ! fi]y ,cassius c control himself4 l4 #ae-af4--,p>aphras$1 ^! l9es mean1 ,! "n ( ,cassius is associat$ ) ?is corruption1 & h5ce ! h&s ( ju/ice are ti$4 ,=1 to br+ ! corrupt]s to trial w\ld be to drag 9 ,cassius ) !m4 l4 #ag4--;,d y d>e to use ! t]m *a/isem5t 9 connection ) my "n8 l4 #ah4--,unmov$ by ! ang] ( ,cassius1 ,brutus proce$s calmly & p]haps too ru?lessly to arraign 8 fri5d4 l4 #ba4--,obs]ve ! high moral /&>d ( ,brutus4 l4 #ba-bf4--,ris+ inflections ?r\gh\t4 l4 #bg4--,obs]ve ! contempt4 l4 #bh4--;,dur+ ! spee* ( ,brutus1 ,cassius c sc>cely conta9 himself4 ,nev] has any "o d>$ to arraign him4 ,n[ he is ev5 =gett+ ! def]5ce he has be5 wont to %[ to "o :om he recognizes z 8 sup]ior4 l4 #cb-cd4--,rapidly1 z ! passion ( ! m5 rises4 l4 #ce-cf4--,n[ ,cassius beg9s to ?reat54 l4 #cg4--,!re is no ang] 9 ?is4 ,brutus kn[s t ,cassius is beside himself1 & bru%es him aside z "o w\ld bru% an insignificant du/ speck f 8 clo?+4 l4 #ch4--,su* treatm5t ,cassius _c und]/&4 ,! l9e is exclamatory r ?an int]rogative4 ,x is equival5t to1 ,c ,i believe my e>s8 l4 #ch4--;,brutus n[ beg9s to ass]t himself4 ,x is a new aspect ( 8 "*1 :i* we c compreh5d only :5 we le>n1 z we d lat]1 t ,portia is dead4 l4 #dj4--;,brutus mu/ be greatly mov$ to call 8 de>e/ fri5d a madman4 l4 #da4--,! /ra9 ( li/5+ to su* words is becom+ too great = ,cassius to be>4 l4 #db4--;,brutus seems almo/ to enjoy ! t]rible lesson he is read+ ,cassius4 ,x is well-nigh incr$ible t ! ?\ghtful1 lov+ husb& ( ,portia1 & ! consid]ate ma/] ( ,lucius1 %\ld speak ?us to any "o1 let alone 8 be/ fri5d4 l4 #ej4--,!re seems to be no feel+ b surprise 9 ?is1 surprise v]g+ on bewild]m5t4 ,z ,brutus gr[s m passionate ,cassius seems to subside4 l4 #ea-ed4--;,x is ,brutus n[ :o appe>s to lose self-control4 ,cassius nev] said he 0 a bett] soldi]4 l4 #ee-eg4--;,ang] & bewild]m5t give way to a s5se ( hav+ be5 wrong$3 ! la/ s5t5ce is almo/ pa!tic 9 its humility4 l4 #eg4--;,ang] & contempt4 l4 #eh4--;,cassius' passion is aga9 beg9n+ to rise4 l4 #ei-fb4--,note ! increas+ a/oni%m5t 9 ! spee*es ( ,cassius1 & ! sup]cili\sness ( ,brutus4 l4 #fc-fd4--;,a ?reat utt]$ n s mu* 9 ang] z 9 fe> t he may n be able to control 8 feel+s4 l4 #fe4--;,h & %\ld are ! emphatic words4 l4 #fe-hb4--,?is spee* ne$s no comm5t>y4 ,x is a pla9 & unmi/akable arraignm5t1 utt]$ 9 unequivocal language1 & 9 simple1 direct mann]4 l4 #hb4--;,cassius is pa9$ t 8 fri5d %\ld s misund]/& him4 ,f n[ to l9e #ic ,cassius seems to ?r[ himself ^u ! m]cy ( 8 fri5d1 :ile ! latt] repels 8 advances1 ea* "t ) great] h>%ness4 l4 #ic-ajg4--;,cassius' he>t is brok54 ,if 8 be/ fri5d c s wantonly misund]/& him1 :at c he hope f 8 enemies8 ,!re is no?+ left to live =1 & he w\ld eag]ly welcome dea? ev5 at ! h&s ( ,antony4 ,! passage is ov]fl[+ ) he>tbreak1 & ga9s our sympa?y = "o :o else w\ld seem b a crafty1 self-seek+ s*em]4 l4 #ajg4--,! spee* ( ,cassius br+s ,brutus back to himself4 ,"h is ! real ,brutus1 full ( t5d]ness & love4 ,to und]/& fully ! unusual display ( feel+ 9 ?is sc5e we %\ld read fur!r to ! /age direction1 ,re-ent] ,lucius1 ) w9e & tap]4 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,let x be und]/ood once = all t ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 expression %\ld be ! spontane\s outcome ( ! m5tal action4 ,z has be5 s (t5 /at$1 to tell a pupil to use a ris+ inflection or to emphasize ?is ^w or t1 is a violation ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( correct tea*+4 #af ,! /anzas are numb]$ z 9 ! orig9al poem4 ,,index ,,to ,,subjects ,anti!sis1 rhetorical1 #adc4 ,atmosph]e1 #ahd2 examples illu/rat+1 #ahe2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #aic2 ( description1 psy*ology (1 #aii4 ,c5tral idea1 #ach2 /udy (1 a logical process1 #ada4 ,"*1 contra/ (1 #bjg4 ,climaxes1 #bab2 ( significance1 #bab1 #bad1 #bae2 ( int5sity1 #bac2 gradation (1 #baf4 ,complexity1 def9$1 #aa4 ,contra/s1 #bje2 two k9ds (1 #baa4 ,crit]ia ( vocal expression1 #ag4 ,crit]ion ( =ce1 #aja4 ,crit]ion ( pit*1 #db4 ,crit]ion ( quality1 #hj4 ,crit]ion ( "t1 #ai4 ,emotion1 #agb2 affects quality1 #hb2 h[ to develop1 #agb2 contra/ (1 #bje4 ,emotional transitions1 examples (1 #afb4 ,emphasis1 rules =1 #aci2 drills 91 #adj4 ,expression1 complexity (1 #agh ,figurative int]rogation1 #fa4 ,=ce1 crit]ion (1 #aja2 p$agogical aspects (1 #aab4 ,gr\p+1 #bh1 #abh2 indep5d5t ( punctuation1 #bh2 extract f ,leg\v on1 #dj4 ,h9ts on read+s1 #bed4 ,imag9ation & quality1 #hd4 ,imitation1 #bbg2 n art1 #ahi2 t5d5cy t[>d1 #aia4 ,inflections1 mean+ (1 #eg2 ris+1 #eg2 fall+1 #fc2 circumflex1 examples (1 #fg4 ,intangibility1 def9$1 #aa4 ,int]pretation1 lit]>y1 #bca2 vocal1 #bcb4 ,key1 def9$1 #de2 reasons =1 #di2 dep5d5t ^u degree ( t5sion1 #ed4 ,lit]>y int]pretation1 #bca2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #bhd4 ,melody1 #dc1 #ed2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #ga2 ( long s5t5ces1 #gg4 ,m5tal attitude ( ! read]1 #aag4 ,m5tal te*nique1 #abi4 ,me?ods1 me*anical1 #i2 8get-!-?\ght10 #i2 laxity (1 #ac2 conclud+ rem>ks on1 #bbd4 ,mom5t>y complet5ess1 #fa1 #acf2 drills 91 #fe2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #bef4 ,movem5t1 analysis ( selection illu/rat+1 #bff4 ,pause1 z relat$ to "t1 #bg2 an expressive elem5t1 #cb2 examples (1 #ce4 ,p$agogical aspects1 ( "t1 #ch2 ( pit*1 #ge2 ( quality1 #ih2 ( =ce1 #aab4 ,phases1 /udies 91 #afc4 ,phrases1 subord9ate1 #aej4 ,pit*1 crit]ion (1 #db2 mean+ (1 #db2 ,raymond's def9ition (1 #db2 melody (1 #db2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #ga2 p$agogical aspects (1 #ge2 l[1 #ajg4 ,prim>y read+1 ! tea*+ (1 #aah4 ,punctuation1 effect ^u read+1 #cj4 ,purpose ( ! read+ lesson1 #ab4 ,quality1 crit]ion (1 #hj2 physics (1 #hj2 effect ( emotion ^u1 #hb2 ,ru%'s classification (1 #hb2 orotund1 #hc2 imag9ation &1 #hd2 elevat$ feel+s 9 relation to1 #he2 normal1 #ij2 examples ( normal1 #ia2 aspirat$1 #ib2 d>k1 #id2 bright1 #id2 examples ( d>k1 #ie2 examples ( bright1 #ig2 p$agogical aspects (1 #ih2 ,william ,l4 ,toml9s on1 #ajj4 ,read+ & lit]ature1 relation (1 #aj4 ,requisites = ! tea*] ( read+1 #aj4 ,rhy?m1 analyses ( selections illu/rat+1 #bcf1 #bdd1 #bed2 /udy 91 #bcb2 mean+ (1 #bch4 ,sight read+1 #abj4 ,skip1 psy*ology ( !1 #ef4 ,/ress1 def9$1 #aja2 radical1 #aja2 f9al1 #ajb2 degrees (1 #ajc2 ,raymond's def9ition ( radical1 #ajd2 ,raymond's def9ition ( f9al1 #aje2 m$ian1 #ajf2 examples ( radical1 #ajg2 examples ( f9al1 #aji2 examples ( m$ian1 #aaj4 ,subord9ate phrases1 #aej4 ,subord9ation1 #adi4 ,succession ( ideas1 #acb4 ,sugge/ive lesson1 #aba1 #acj1 #acf1 #adg1 #aee1 #afg1 #agc1 #aig1 #bji1 #bba4 ,tea*] ( read+1 requisites =1 #aj4 ,tea*+ read+1 me*anical me?od (1 #i2 8get-!-?\ght0 me?od (1 #i2 laxity ( me?ods (1 #ac2 conclud+ rem>ks on me?od (1 #bbd4 ,te*nique1 def9$1 #bbf4 ,"t1 crit]ion (1 #ai2 ,raymond's def9ition (1 #ai2 psy*ology (1 #ai2 expansive p>aphrase to reveal1 #bj2 examples ( sl[1 #ba2 examples ( fa/1 #bc2 analysis ( selection illu/rat+1 #bf2 relation ( quantity to1 #bg2 relation ( pause to1 #bg2 p$agogical aspects (1 #ch4 ,transitions1 #aei1 #afj2 emotional examples (1 #afb4 ,values1 #aeg2 examples (1 #aeg2 analysis ( a selection illu/rat+1 #bef4 ,vocal expression1 crit]ia (1 #ag4 ,vocal int]pretation1 #bcb4 ,voice1 defects 91 #ha4 ,,index ,,to ,,fir/ ,,l9es ,,( ,,selections ,a fool1 a fool6--,i met a fool1 #dh4 ,a l& ( /reams1 #bdj4 ,alas6 my noble boy6 #ie4 ,among ! exploits ( m>vel\s1 #aeb4 ,& z a hungry lion1 #gi4 ,& d y n[ put on y\r be/ attire1 #adj4 ,& n[ g br+ y\r %>pe/ torm5ts1 #aaj4 ,& ! ev5+ /> 0 %9+1 #hg4 ,& ! old ,t>t> came ^u ! s&1 #ahe4 ,& ?us ,k+ ,priam supplicat+1 #afe4 ,& y1--y :o are1 #aeb4 ,antonio1 ,i am m>ri$ to a wife1 #dd4 ,arise1 %9e2 = ?y light is come1 #aaj4 ,z ?ro' ! l& at eve we w5t1 #bjj4 ,z :5 a bo> or lion1 #afd4 ,z :5 "s hunt] 9 ! spr+1 #bjc4 ,at ,atri 9 ,abruzzo1 #gh1 #aed4 ,at ,flores 9 ! ,azores1 #bhd4 ,at ! mom5t :5 dea?1 #ch4 ,awake1 my s\l6 ,n only passive praise1 #hg4 ,be=e a qu>t] pole 0 pass'd1 #bd4 ,bless+s on !e1 little man1 #age4 ,bl[ trumpet1 = ! _w1 #bja4 ,bl[ w9ds1 & crack y\r *eeks6 #id1 #bdb4 ,bury ! great ,duke1 #hg4 ,b 9 ! gloom !y f\ght1 #ajg4 ,b ,ru/um ey$ askance ! kneel+ y\?1 #bja4 ,b :5 public ta/e1 #gi4 ,b :5 ! gray dawn /ole into 8 t5t1 #bh4 ,did y\r lett]s pi]ce1 #ahh4 ,f]ood1 & ye1 ,p]sians & ,t>t>s1 he>6 #afb4 ,figure to y\rself a cat>act1 #bb4 ,= ev5 !n1 ,sir1 ev5 be=e1 #aab4 ,fre% z ! fl[]1 ^: mode/ wor?1 #aec4 ,glori\sly1 ,max6 glori\sly6 #bh4 ,great h ?y suff]+s be51 #aff4 ,gu/y & raw 0 ! morn+1 #aic4 ,half a league1 half a league1 #bcf4 ,ha/e !e1 nymph1 #dh1 #bci4 ,he> ! sl$ges ) ! bells1 #ih4 ,hector1 ?\ almo/ ev] *ide/ me1 #afd4 ,"h are old trees1 #bci4 ,he spoke1 & ,sohrab k9dl$1 #bjb4 ,he spoke2 b ,ru/um gaz$1 #afb4 ,him ! ,almighty p[]1 #bdb4 ,ho6 gallant nobles ( ! ,league1 #aab4 ,h[ev] z ! sun bak$1 #aea4 ,h[ lovely are ?y dwell+s fair6 #bc4 ,h[ n[1 ,tubal6 #bje4 ,h[ ! rob9 fe$s h] "y1 #agf4 ,i c n tell :at y & o!r m51 #ahj4 ,i come1 ,i come ye h call$1 #bci4 ,if !re be ?ree 9 all y\r company1 #bjg4 ,if y h te>s1 prep>e to %$ !m n[1 #afb4 ,i _h a dream1 #dg4 ,i "k t virtue to be 9 y1 #bag4 ,9 #ahae ,m4 ,*>les ,myriel1 #eh4 ,9 8 e>ly manhood1 #aec4 ,9 ! furr[$ l&1 #acd4 ,i sprang to ! /irrup1 #bcb4 ,x is b a leg5d1 ,i "k1 #dg4 ,x is b *ange1 ,tit9ius1 #add4 ,x is my purpose1 !re=e1 #aee4 ,l>s ,pors5a ( ,clusium1 #bff4 ,lead out ! pageant2 sad & sl[1 #cj4 ,let me play ! fool1 #ig4 ,look6 look6 t livid fla%6 #bdj4 ,mean:ile ,k+ ,rob]t yield$ to 8 fate1 #dd4 ,mess] ,b]nado del ,n]o 0 z inexorable1 #cg4 ,mo/ ( all1 fell[ citiz5s1 #he4 ,mo/ pot5t1 grave1 & rev]5d signiors1 #agi4 ,mr4 ,speak]3 ,! m+l$ tones ( sorr[1 #ba4 ,my good blade c>ves ! casques ( m51 #baj4 ,nay1 curs'd be ?\1 #ce4 ,nev]1 ,iago4 ,l to ! ,pontic ,sea1 #id4 ,next morn+1 wak+ ) ! day's fir/ beam1 #bai4 ,no "o v5]ates ! ,pe]age m ?an ,i d1 #aec4 ,( ,man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit1 #cb4 ,(t5 h ,i swept backw>d1 9 imag9ation1 #ba4 ,oh1 "y ,lo*9v> is come out ( ! we/1 #bed4 ,o1 my (f5se is rank1 #ie4 ,once m into ! brea*1 de> fri5ds1 #ej4 ,on ,l9d51 :5 ! sun 0 l[1 #agj4 ,on ! ,m\nta9s ( ! ,prairie1 #beg4 ,o p>don me1 ?\ ble$+ piece ( e>?1 #baf4 ,o1 s+ unto ! ,"l a new song1 #aab4 ,ov] 8 keys ! mus+ organi/1 #df4 ,o1 :at a rogue & peasant slave am ,i1 #ec4 ,reputation1 reputation1 reputation6 #aha4 ,sea-k+s' daught] f ov] ! sea1 #ea4 ,se>* creation r\nd1 #ba4 ,see :at a grace 0 seat$1 #hf4 ,%elt]$ by ! v]dant %ores1 #bjg4 ,%e m\nts h] *>iot ) a trice1 #ig4 ,sir1 ! g5tleman inquires1 #afj4 ,"s ( ! s(t5+ effects1 #cg4 ,soon aft] ,william ,h4 ,h>rison's nom9ation1 #ca4 ,speak ! spee*1 ,i pray y1 #ia4 ,sweet & l[1 #bjj4 ,t y d love me1 ,i am no?+ jeal\s1 #adf4 ,t y h wrong$ me1 #bhd4 ,! armam5ts :i* ?und]/rike1 #ajh4 ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day1 #ahi1 #bca4 ,! empire ( ,blefuscu1 #acd4 ,! fa!r came on deck1 #age4 ,! ,"l reigne?1 #aaa4 ,! "n & memory ( ,wa%+ton1 #bh4 ,!n he dep>t$ ) !m o'er ! sea1 #baj4 ,!n x 0 t ,jo1 #aea4 ,!n me?\ght ,i he>d a mell[ s\nd1 #be4 ,!n s+1 ye birds1 #bda4 ,!re's a rogue at play 9 my sunlit room1 #abc4 ,! trumpet1 ! gallop1 ! *>ge1 #afd4 ,?is too1 ?\ "k'/1 #afc4 ,?ree qu>t]s r\nd y\r p>tn]s sw+1 #aeg4 ,?\ k+ly ,_s1 #aaa4 ,?\1 too1 sail on1 ,o ,%ip ( ,/ate1 #hf4 ,to be1 or n to be1 #eb4 ,to :om repli$ ,k+ ,ar?ur1 #bdc4 ,up f ! mead[s ri* ) corn1 #ga4 ,v5]able m56 y h come d[n to u1 #hi4 ,v5geance6 plague6 dea?6 confusion6 #afa4 ,:atev] ,lionel _h said to 8 wife1 #cg4 ,:at lesson %all ^? lips tea* u1 #hi4 ,:5 a w9d f ! l&s1 #bbb4 ,:]e=e rejoice8 ,:at conque/1 #bf1 #bac4 ,:]e sweeps r\nd ! m\nta9s1 #di4 ,:ile ! ,union la/s1 #gh4 ,wrapp$ 9 a maze ( ?\ght1 #bb4 ,yet 8 means are 9 supposition1 #cj4 ,ye1 :o sometimes1 9 y\r rambles1 #acb4 ,y ,heav5s1 give me pati5ce1 #if4 ,y ?9k me a fanatic to-night1 #bb4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,poems ,,& ,,selections ,,analyz$ ,b>b>a ,friet*ie ,:itti] #ga ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade ,t5nyson #bcf ,horatius 7,! ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome7 ,macaulay #bff ,h[ ,!y ,br\ght ! ,good ,news ,f ,gh5t to ,aix ,rob]t ,br[n+ #bab ,! ,fight ( ,paso del ,m> ,bay>d ,taylor #aic ,! ,peace-,pipe 7,hiawa?a7 ,longfell[ #bef ,! ,qu>rel ,sc5e 7,julius ,caes>7 ,%akespe>e #bhd ,! ,rev5ge ,t5nyson #bdd ,"y ,lo*9v> ,scott #bed ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$4 ,pg #gh3 #8?r\gh\t ! e>ht' replac$ by #8?r\gh\t ! e>?'4 ,pg #hf3 #8,hamlet1' replac$ by #8--,hamlet1'4 ,pg #aab3 #8,ps4 xcvi41' replac$ by #8--,ps4 xcvi41'4 ,pg #ahf3 #8,idyls ( ! ,k+' replac$ by #8,idylls ( ! ,k+'4 ,pg #bdf3 ,! poetry l9e numb] #8#ee' is repeat$1 & subsequ5t l9e numb]+ is (f by "o l9e2 ?is has be5 left un*ang$4