,,religions ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,magic ,,& ,,feti%ism ,,religions3 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n4 ,foolscap #hvo4 ,price #as4 net p] volume4 ,,animism4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,clodd1 ,au?or ( ,! ,/ory ( ,creation4 ,,pan!ism4 ,by ,,james ,,allanson ,,picton1 ,au?or ( ,! ,religion ( ! ,univ]se4 ,,! ,,religions ,,( ,,anci5t ,,*9a4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,giles1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,*9ese 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,anci5t ,,greece4 ,by ,,jane ,,h>rison1 ,lectur] at ,newnham ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,au?or ( ,prolegom5a to ,/udy ( ,greek ,religion4 ,,islam4 ,by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,w4 ,,arnold1 ,assi/ant ,libr>ian at ! ,india ,(fice1 ,au?or ( ,! ,prea*+ ( ,islam4 ,,magic ,,& ,,feti%ism4 ,by ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,haddon1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,lectur] on ,e?nology at ,cambridge ,univ]sity4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,anci5t ,,egypt4 ,by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,m4 ,,fl9d]s ,,petrie1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,babylonia ,,& ,,assyria4 ,by ,,!ophilus ,g4 ,,p9*es1 late ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,,buddhism4 #b vols4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,rhys ,,davids1 ,,ll4,d41 late ,secret>y ( ,! ,royal ,asiatic ,society4 ,,h9duism4 ,by ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,,b>nett1 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ori5tal ,pr9t$ ,books & ,,mss41 ,briti% ,museum4 ,,sc&9avian ,,religion4 ,by ,,william ,a4 ,,craigie1 ,jo9t ,editor ( ! ,ox=d ,engli% ,diction>y4 ,,celtic ,,religion4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,anwyl1 ,pr(essor ( ,wel% at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ab]y/wy?4 ,,! ,,my?ology ,,( ,,anci5t ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel&4 ,by ,,*>les ,,squire1 ,au?or ( ,! ,my?ology ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,,judaism4 ,by ,,israel ,,abrahams1 ,lectur] 9 ,talmudic ,lit]ature 9 ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 ,au?or ( ,jewi% ,life 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,,primitive ,,or ,,nic5e ,,*ri/ianity4 ,by ,,john ,,su!rl& ,,black1 ,,ll4,d41 ,jo9t ,editor ( ! ,encyclopdia ,biblica4 ,,%9toism4 ,,m$iaeval ,,*ri/ianity4 ,,zoroa/rianism4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,anci5t ,,italy4 ,o!r ,volumes to foll[4 ,,magic ,,& ,,feti%ism ,by ,,alfr$ ,c4 ,,haddon1 ,sc4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,univ]sity ,,lectur] ,,9 ,,e?nology1 ,,cambridge ,,london ,,ar*ibald ,,con/able ,,co4 ,,ltd4 #af ,,james ,,/reet ,,haym>ket #aijf ,ed9burgh3 ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y ,,prefatory ,,note ,x is by no means easy to d ju/ice to su* a l>ge1 compreh5sive1 & at ! same "t vague subject z magic 9 ! small compass ( a ,prim]1 & "p ( ev5 t small space _h to be devot$ to ano!r subject4 ,= s9s ( omission ,i mu/ claim ?is excuse2 = s9s ( commission ,i claim ! indulg5ce ( ! read]4 ,a4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,cont5ts ,,magic ,i4 ,,sympa!tic ,,magic4 ,a4 ,contagi\s ,magic4 ,hair1 nail-pair+s1 etc4 7#c71 scalp-lock 7#d71 saliva 7#e71 luck-ball 7#e71 footpr9ts 7#f71 clo!s 7#g71 rag bu%es & p9-wells 7#h71 p]sonal #8ornam5ts' 7#i71 food 7#aj71 cannibalism 7#aj71 sympa!tic relations betwe5 p]sons 7#aa71 c\vade 7#ac74 ,b4 ,homopa?ic ,magic4 ,plants 7#ae71 ra9-mak+ 7#af71 w9d-mak+ 7#ah71 increase ( plants 7#ah71 & ( animals 7#ai71 lur+ animals to be caught 7#ai71 human effigies to injure or kill p 7#bj74 ,,ii4 ,,magical ,,p[] ,,( ,,names ,,& ,,words4 ,objection to names be+ m5tion$ ( p1 fairies1 & animals 7#bb71 names ( p[] 7#bd71 satire 7#bf71 geis 7#bg71 tabu 7#bh74 ,,iii4 ,,talismans ,,& ,,amulets4 ,/ones & metals 7#cj71 col\r 7#ca71 bones1 tee?1 claws1 etc4 7#cb71 lucky pig 7#cc71 amulets aga9/ ! evil eye 7#cc71 luck-bone 7#ci74 ,,iv4 ,,div9ation--7#dj74 ,v4 ,,public ,,& ,,private ,,magic4 ,a4 ,public ,magic4 ,au/ralian inti*iuma totem c]emonies 7#da71 corn-plant+ dance ( ! ,musquakie 7#de74 ,b4 ,private ,magic4 ,folk-rem$ies 7#df71 love-*>ms 7#dg71 nef>i\s magic 7#dh74 ,,vi4 ,,magicians4 ,tra9+ ( sorc]]s & societies ( magicians 7#ea74 ,,vii4 ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,magical ,,practices4 ,n]v\s in/ability 7#ec71 sugge/ion 7#ec71 make-believe 7#ee71 tabu 7#ee71 mana 7#eh71 projective w-p[] or telepa?y 7#fj71 f spell to pray] 7#fa71 ! impossible n und]tak5 7#fb71 loopholes 9 case ( failure 7#fc74 ,,feti%ism ,i4 ,,def9ition4 #a4 ,etymological 7#ff71 #b4 ,hi/orical 7#ff71 #c4 ,dogmatic 7#fg74 ,,ii4 ,,ess5tial ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,feti%ism4 ,may be any object 7#gb71 a symbolic *>m ) sympa!tic prop]ties 7#gd71 a sign or tok5 repres5t+ an ideal notion or be+ 7#gf71 habitation ( a spiritual be+ 7#gg71 vehicle = communication ( a _s 7#gi71 in/rum5t by :i* _s acts 7#hj71 possesses p]sonality & w 7#hc71 may act by own w or by =eign _s 7#hd71 _s & mat]ial object c be dissociat$ 7#hg71 wor%ipp$1 sacrific$ to1 talk$ ) 7#hi71 pett$ & ill-treat$ 7#ij74 ,,iii4 ,,feti%ism ,,z ,a ,,=m ,,( ,,religi\s ,,wor%ip--7#ia74 ,,magic ,i4 ,,sympa!tic ,,magic ,z k increases1 mank9d le>ns m & m ab\t ! _w & ! processes ( nature1 b ev5 at ! pres5t day ! va/ majority ( :ite m5 possess only a rudim5t>y am\nt ( ?is k2 inde$1 mo/ s-call$ educat$ p h v vague ideas conc]n+ ! physical univ]se 9 :i* !y live4 ,su* be+ ! case1 x is n surpris+ t primitive peoples h v confus$ notions conc]n+ ^! matt]s1 &1 z ! result ( false inductions conc]n+ ! causes ( ph5om5a1 !y seek to accompli% ends by means t we recognise z inadequate4 #8,x is pla91' z ,dr4 ,jevons po9ts out 7#cf1 #cc71 #8t z long z man is turn$ loose z x 7 among/ ^! innum]able possible causes ) no?+ to guide 8 *oice1 ! *ances aga9/ 8 mak+ ! "r selection are consid]able4' ,fur!r1 #8no progress c\ld be made 9 sci5ce until man _h di/+ui%$1 at any rate r\ghly1 possible f absolutely impossible effects 7or causes71 & _h le>n$ to dismiss f consid]ation ! impossible4 ,x might be expect$ t exp]i5ce w\ld suffice ( itself to tea* man ?is ess5tial di/9ction1 b ! va/ majority ( ! human race h n yet le>n$ f exp]i5ce t l does n necess>ily produce l3 f\r-fif?s ( mank9d1 probably1 believe 9 sympa!tic magic4' ,! in/ances ( sympa!tic magic z ,dr4 ,hirn po9ts out 7#cb1 #bgh7 are naturally divid$ into two ma9 classes :i*1 broadly speak+1 correspond to ! two types ( association1 contiguity & simil>ity1 & z 9 psy*ology x is (t5 difficult to decide :e!r a giv5 associative process has its orig9 9 a relation ( contiguity or 9 "o ( simil>ity1 s x is (t5 an op5 "q to :i* gr\p a giv5 sup]/ition is to be assign$4 ,we w />t f ! facts t are simpl] & easi] to expla94 ,a4 ,contagi\s ,magic4 #a4 ,sympa!tic ,magic bas$ on a mat]ial connection betwe5 ?+s 7#cb1 #bgi7 has be5 aptly t]m$ by ,dr4 ,fraz] 7#ba1 #gg7 ,contagi\s ,magic4 ,all ov] ! _w we meet ) examples ( ! belief t objects :i* 7 once relat$ to "o ano!r reta9 _! connection ?\gh !y may be sep>at$1 & :atev] may happ5 to "o "p or object ! o!r "p or object is simil>ly affect$2 ?us1 by act+ ^u a "p ( a giv5 :ole we may influ5ce ! :ole z well z all its o!r p>ts4 ,?is belief expla9s :y a magician1 wi%+ to influ5ce or act ^u "s p>ticul> individual1 desires to obta9 "s portion ( 8 body or some?+ actually connect$ ) him4 ,a few hairs f ! be>d1 a lock ( hair1 "s nail-p>+s1 a drop ( blood f ! nose :i* has fall5 to ! gr\nd1 & :i* has n be5 r5d]$ impalpable by effac+ x ) ! foot1 are us$ by ,basuto sorc]]s 7#aj1 #bgg71 & inde$ by work]s ( magic ev]y:]e4 ,a few ( ! examples collect$ by ,mr4 ,h>tl& 7#cj1 ii4 #ff7 w suffice to demon/rate ! univ]sality ( ?is belief4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& a girl =sak5 by h] lov] is advis$ to get a lock ( 8 hair & boil x2 :il/ x is simm]+ 9 ! pot he w h no re/4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,g]many & ,transylvania ! clipp+s ( ! hair or nails1 z well z brok5 pieces ( ! tee?1 are buri$ b5ea? ! eld] tree :i* gr[s 9 ! c\rty>d1 or are burnt1 or c>efully hidd51 = fe> ( wit*es4 ,patagonians burn ! hairs bru%$ out f _! heads1 & all ! p>+s ( _! nails = !y believe t spells may be wr\ght ^u !m by any "o :o c obta9 a piece ( ei!r4 ,! pot5cy ( ! hair is %[n 9 ! beliefs ab\t ! long n>r[ bead$ b& :i* is us$ to tie up ! hair ( a ,musquakie woman 7#ef1 #if1 #g74 ,?is1 ?\gh a talisman :5 fir/ worn1 becomes some?+ inf9itely m sacr$ & preci\s1 be+ transfus$ ) ! ess5ce ( h] s\l2 any "o ga9+ possession ( x has h] = an abject slave if he keeps x1 & kills h] if he de/roys x4 ,a woman w g f a man %e loves to a man %e hates if he has contriv$ to possess himself ( h] hair-/r+2 & a man w =sake wife & *ildr5 = a wit* :o has t\*$ 8 lips ) h] hair-/r+4 ,! hair-/r+ is made = a girl by h] "m or gr&mo!r & decorat$ ) #8luck' patt]ns2 x is also pray$ ov] by ! mak] & a %aman4 ,! scalp-lock ornam5t worn by ! ,musquakie m5 is kept ) great c>e z x helps to protect ! s\l4 ,z ! te>+ out ( ! scalp-lock makes ! s\l at its root ! slave ( ! "o obta9+ x1 s ! possession ( its ornam5t & %ield1 :i* has absorb$ "s ( its ess5ce1 gives ! possessor ! ability to s5d ! rightful own] bra9 fev] & madness 7#ef1 #ajf74 ,9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s x 0 necess>y to ! success ( any sorc]y to secure some?+ connect$ ) ! body ( ! victim4 ,accord+ly a spittoon 0 always c>ri$ by ! confid5tial s]vant ( a *ief 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s to receive 8 expectorations1 :i* 7 c>efully buri$ e morn+4 ,! ,tahitians us$ to burn or bury ! hair !y cut (f1 & e individual among !m _h 8 di/9ct basket = food4 ,z ,mr4 ,h>tl& po9ts out 7#cj1 ii4 #gf71 ! cu/om1 ev]y:]e practis$1 ( oblit]at+ all trace ( ! saliva aft] spitt+1 d\btless orig9at$ 9 ! desire to prev5t ! use ( x = magical purposes1 & ! same desire l$ to ! extreme cleanl9ess 9 ! disposal ( f\l] excreta :i* is almo/ univ]sally a *>act]i/ic ( savages4 ,?us ?is belief has be5 "o ( ! mo/ b5eficial ( sup]/itions4 ,luck-bags ( r$ clo?1 :i* conta9 #8! f\r ?+s ( good =tune1' are made by wit*es 9 ,italy 7#dc1 #bhg71 :o :ile sew+ x s+ an incantation4 ,am]ican ,negroes br\ght ov] f ,we/ ,africa ! art ( mak+ #8luck-balls' or #8cunj]9' bags1' a practice :i* is kept up to ! pres5t day4 ,!y are suppos$ to br+ happ9ess & success 9 ev]y?+ ! own] und]takes2 "o made = ,*>les ,g4 ,lel&1 at ! in/igation ( ,miss ,ow5 7#eg1 #agc71 conta9$1 9 addition to knott$ ?reads1 a piece ( foil to repres5t ! brightness ( ! little _s t 0 go+ to be 9 ! ball1 a leaf ( clov] 9 ! place ( ! hair ( ! "o t is go+ to own ! ball1 & "s du/ :i* 0 design$ to bl9d ! eyes ( enemies4 ,miss ,ow5 got ! same man1 ,alex&]1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,voodoos1 :o made ! ball = ,mr4 ,lel&1 to make "o = me1 & %e in=m$ me t #8x 0 made j l ,mr4 ,lel&'s ) ! same words & ) ! same mat]ials1 except+ ! clov]4 ,?is is n ! season = clov]1 s a fragm5t ( pap]1 torn f "o ( y\r books1 repres5ts y4' ,x is n ess5tial t ! object to be op]at$ ^u %\ld h =m$ an actual "p ( a p]son1 = some?+ associat$ ) t p]son1 su* z some?+ habitually worn or us$1 is suffici5t1 or z 9 ! case ( ! luck-ball j cit$1 ! association may be z remote z t betwe5 an au?or & a piece ( ! pap] ( a book he has publi%$4 ,e>? f a man's footpr9ts1 on acc\nt ( its close contact ) ! p]son1 has acquir$ ! virtues ( a portion ( 8 body4 ,widely spread 9 ,g]many is ! belief t if a sod :]eon a man has trodd5--all ! bett] if ) ! nak$ foot--be tak5 up & dri$ beh9d ! he>? or ov51 he w p>* up ) x & langui%1 or 8 foot w be )]$4 ,he w be lam$1 or ev5 kill$1 by /ick+ 8 footpr9t ) nails--c(f9 nails are ! be/--or brok5 glass 7#cj1 ii4 #gh72 b ^! are also ! practices ( ,au/ralian or o!r savages4 ,to quote only "o example f ,au/ralia 7#cd1 #bf71 %>p fragm5ts ( qu>tz1 glass1 bone1 or *>coal are buri$ 9 ! footpr9ts ( ! victim or 9 ! m>k made 9 ! gr\nd by 8 recl9+ body4 ,!y are suppos$ to ent] ! victim1 & rheumatic affections are v frequ5tly attribut$ to !m4 ,clo!s1 f _! intimate association ) ! p]son1 h naturally atta9$ a prom95t place among ! in/rum5ts ( wit*craft4 ,9 ,g]many & ,d5m>k no portion ( a survivor's clo?+ mu/ on any acc\nt be put ^u a corpse1 else ! own] w langui% away z x m\ld]s 9 ! grave4 ,to hang rags f ! clo?+ ( a dead man ^u a v9e is to r5d] x b>r54 #8,probably1' z ,mr4 ,h>tl& sugge/s1 #8x is only a diff]5t int]pretation ( ! same belief :i* alike 9 ,*ri/ian1 9 ,mohamm$an1 & 9 ,buddhi/ l&s has l$ to ! ascription ( m>vell\s p[]s to ! clo!s & o!r relics ( dep>t$ sa9ts4 ,! div9e p[] :i* 0 imman5t 9 ^! p]sonages dur+ life atta*es n m]ely to e portion ( _! bodies b to e %r$ ( _! app>el' 7#cj1 ii4 #ij74 ,an illu/rative p>allel c be tak5 f ! ,pacific4 ,! r$ fea!rs :i* adorn$ ! sacr$ girdle worn by ! ,tahitian k+s 7 tak5 f ! images ( ! gods4 ,! girdle #8?us became sacr$1 ev5 z ! p]son ( ! gods1 ! fea!rs be+ suppos$ to reta9 all ! dreadful attributes ( p[] & v5geance :i* ! idols possess$1 & ) :i* x 0 design$ to end[ ! k+4' ,s pot5t 0 x t ,mr4 ,ellis says 7#ag1 iii4 #ajh7 x #8n only rais$ him to ! highe/ e>?ly /ation1 b id5tifi$ him ) _! gods4' ,x is conceivable1 z ,mr4 ,h>tl& sugge/s 7#cj1 ii4 #bad71 t un$ucat$ folk might argue ?us3 if an article ( my clo?+ 9 a wit*'s h&s may cause me to suff]1 ! same article 9 contact ) a b5efic5t p[] may relieve pa91 re/ore me to heal?1 or promote my g5]al prosp]ity4 ,h5ce ! practice ( ?r[+ p9s into wells1 ( ty+ rags on bu%es & trees1 ( driv+ nails into trees & /ocks1 ( ?r[+ /ones & /icks on cairns1 & ! analog\s practices ?r\gh\t ! _w1 sugge/ t !y are to be int]pret$ z acts ( c]emonial union ) ! _s id5tifi$ ) well1 tree1 /ock1 or cairn 7#cj1 ii4 #bbh74 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s ! sanctity ( ! well or bu% 0 subsequ5tly annex$ by ! mission>ies :o took up _! abode beside !m1 & ?us we f9d ! wells or trees call$ aft] c]ta9 sa9ts & ! heal+ p[] attribut$ to ! latt]1 :]eas ! hol9ess & efficacy ( ! wells 7 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 if n 9 all1 pre-,*ri/ian 7#bg1 #chc74 ,objects are worn or eat5 s t by induction ! individual may acquire _! prop]ties4 ,?us ! ,r$ ,indian hunt] 7#gj1 #aca7 we>s ornam5ts ( ! claws ( ! grizzly be>1 t he may be end[$ ) its c\rage & f]ocity1 & ! ,tyrolese hunt] /ill we>s tufts ( eagle's d[n 9 8 hat1 to ga9 ! eagle's ke5 sight & c\rage4 #8,look1' writes ,casalis 7#aj1 #bga71 #8at ^? /range objects hang+ f ! necks ( our little black fri5ds4 ,!re is a kite's foot 9 ord] t ! poor *ild may escape mis=tune ) ! swiftness ( ! kite 9 its flight4 ,ano!r has ! claw ( a lion 9 ord] t 8 life may be z firmly secur$ aga9/ all dang] z t ( a lion2 a ?ird is adorn$ ) ! t>sus bone ( a %eep1 or an iron r+1 t he may oppose to evil a resi/ance z firm z iron1 or z t little compact bone )\t m>r[ :i* c\ld n be cru%$ betwe5 two /ones )\t difficulty4' ,! eat+ ( c]ta9 k9ds ( food1 m especially ( ! fle% ( animals1 w\ld simil>ly h a v pot5t effect2 ?us among ! ,dyaks 7#fe1 i4 #agf71 "y m5 sometimes ab/a9 f eat+ ! fle% ( de]1 le/ !y %\ld become timid4 ,! ,abipones ( ,p>aguay 7#ad1 #beh7 #8dete/ ! ?\ght ( eat+ h5s1 eggs1 %eep1 fi%1 or tortoises1 imag9+ t ^! t5d] k9ds ( food eng5d] slo? & languor 9 _! bodies & c[>dice 9 _! m9ds4 ,on ! o!r h& !y eag]ly dev\r ! fle% ( ! tig] jagu>1 bull1 /ag1 bo>1 anta & tam&ua ant-eat]s1 hav+ an idea t1 f cont9ually fe$+ on ^! animals1 _! /r5g?1 boldness1 & c\rage are increas$4' ,belief 9 contagi\s magic leads q logically to v>i\s revolt+ practices4 ,9 ,torres ,/raits ! sweat ( r5[n$ w>riors 0 drunk by "y m51 :o also ate mix$ ) _! food ! scrap+s f ! f+]-nails ( ! w>riors :i* _h become saturat$ ) human blood 9 ord] #8to make /rong & l a /one2 no afraid' 7#bi1 v4 #cja74 ,! eyes & tongue ( a fre%ly kill$ enemy 7 frequ5tly torn out & giv5 to lads to make !m brave & fe>less4 ,! ,au/ralian natives believe t a man's fat & 8 /r5g? & vitality are connect$1 !re=e ! wa/+ ( ! body & disease are ! result ( ! abs5ce ( fat1 p]haps to be foll[$ by dea?4 ,by eat+ a man's fat1 & ?us mak+ x "p ( himself1 ! black fell[ ?9ks t he also acquires ! /r5g? ( ! deceas$4 ,s also !y ?9k t human fat br+s success 9 hunt+1 causes spe>s :i* are ano9t$ ) x to fly true1 or ! club to /rike irresi/ible bl[s4 ,! possession ( human fat is1 !re=e1 mu* desir$ by ^! aborig9es1 especially ^? :o feel age or disease1 or :o wi% to be successful 9 ! magical arts1 = x is believ$ t ! _s ( ! dead man ^: fat has be5 us$ w help ! *>m to act 7#ce1 #daa1 #cfa74 ,cannibalism = magical purposes ( ?is sort has probably be5 extremely common & is possibly at ! base ( a good deal ( an?ropophagy4 ,v widely spread is ! belief t close relatives or ev5 fri5ds are b\nd toge!r 9 a sympa!tic relation1 :i* is especially manife/ on important occasions or at critical times4 ,:5 a ,l& ,dyak village has turn$ out = a wild-pig hunt 9 ! jungle1 ^? :o rema9 at home may n t\* wat] or oil ) _! h&s dur+ ! abs5ce ( _! fri5ds1 le/ ! hunt]s %\ld all become #8butt]-f+]$1' & ! prey s escape !m 7#fj1 i4 #dcj74 ,x is also record$ f ,borneo t :5 m5 are on a w> exp$ition1 fires are light$ at home1 ! mats are spread1 & ! fires kept up till late 9 ! ev5+ & light$ aga9 be=e dawn1 s t ! m5 may n be cold2 ! ro(+ ( ! h\se is op5$ be=e dawn1 s t ! m5 may n lie too long & s fall into ! enemies' h&s 7#fj1 ii4 #ajd74 ,aga9 :5 a ,dyak is out head-hunt+1 8 wife1 or1 if he is unm>ri$1 8 si/]1 mu/ we> a sword day & night1 9 ord] t he may be always ?9k+ ( 8 weapons2 & %e may n sleep dur+ ! day nor g to b$ be=e two 9 ! morn+1 le/ h] husb& or bro!r %\ld !reby be surpris$ 9 8 sleep by an enemy 7#bj1 i4 #cj74 ,simil> in/ances c\ld easily be multipli$ indef9itely f v>i\s savage c\ntries1 b ev5 9 ,europe !re are n lack+ records ( a real sympa?y betwe5 husb& & wife1 :]e ! =m] suff]s f c]ta9 *>act]i/ic ailm5ts ( ! latt] 7#ei1 #bdj74 ,!re is a v widely spread s]ies ( cu/oms bas$ ^u ! belief t ! fa!r & 8 unborn or newly born *ild are 9 su* sympa!tic relation%ip t ! =m] has to take all sorts ( precautions le/ 8 (fspr+ %\ld 9 any way be injur$4 ,! extreme =m ?is cu/om takes is = ! newly made fa!r to take to 8 b$ & be specially diet$2 ?is occurs 9 _m places1 b notably 9 ! ,ea/ ,indian ,ar*ipelago & 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! cu/om1 :i* is kn[n z ! ,c\vade1 is subject to _m modifications1 :i* h be5 tabulat$ & discuss$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,l+ ,ro? 7#ei1 #bjd74 ,among ! ,l& ,dyaks ( ,borneo ! husb& ( a pregnant woman1 until ! "t ( h] deliv]y1 may n d "w ) any %>p in/rum5t1 except :at may be absolutely necess>y = ! cultivation ( 8 f>m2 he may n tie ?+s toge!r ) rattans1 or /rike animals1 or fire guns1 or d any?+ ( a viol5t "* = fe> ( injur+ ! *ild4 ,(t5 ! m5 mu/ ab/a9 f c]ta9 food le/ x %\ld affect ! *ild2 ?us 9 ,guiana p>tak+ ( ! ,ag\ti w\ld make ! *ild meagre1 or eat+ a labba w\ld make ! infant's m\? protrude l ! labba's1 or make x spott$ l ! labba1 :i* spots w\ld ultimately become ulc]s 7#ei1 #bbj74 ,?us ! fa!r is frequ5tly deb>r$ f p]=m+ _m ( ! usually unconsid]$ daily acts1 le/ !y %\ld affect ! welf>e ( a *ild t is newly born or is ab\t to be born2 & !re is ! curi\s developm5t ( ! belief ( an occult reaction ( ! expect$ *ild on ! fa!r1 affect+1 to take "o example1 8 success 9 fi%+ 7#ei1 #bcd74 ,b4 ,homopa?ic ,magic4 #b4 ,:5 man fir/ began to ?9k ab\t ! _w ar\nd him he mu/ h not$ 7:at he1 9 common ) o!r animals1 _h unconsci\sly act$ ^u 9 ! pa/7 t day & night & ! seasons arriv$ 9 regul> succession1 ! same />s rose & set1 an animal reproduc$ its own k9d1 9 fact t !re 0 a uni=mity 9 nature4 ,b side by side ) ^! natural sequ5ces !re 7 irregul>ities4 ,"s days 7 %ort] ?an o!rs1 "s 7 bright1 o!rs cl\dy1 ! l5g? & "* ( ! seasons v>i$ f ye> to ye>1 "s />s _h a c\rse 9 ! heav5s indep5d5t ( ! majority4 ,aga91 he might e>ly h notic$ t _m ( ^! fluctuations 9 sun%9e & ra91 9 heat & cold1 affect$ him directly or indirectly by influ5c+ vegetation4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$1 !re=e1 if he came to ! conclusion t x w\ld be bett] = him if he ex]t$ himself to regulate matt]s some:at1 b !n ! difficulty w\ld arise1 :at 0 he to d8 ,! un5light5$ m9d does n discrim9ate betwe5 cause & effect1 & imag9es t z l produces l1 s a result c be atta9$ by imitat+ x4 ,h5ce arose ,mimetic or ,symbolic ,magic1 :i*1 foll[+ ,dr4 ,hirn1 is bett] t]m$ ,homopa?ic ,magic1 :i* is occult influ5ce bas$ ^u a lik5ess betwe5 ?+s 7#cb1 #bhb74 ,on ?is 0 f\nd$ ! m$ival m$ical !ory kn[n z ! ,doctr9e ( ,signatures1 :i* supposes t plants & m9]als indicate by _! ext]nal *>act]s ! diseases :i* nature int5d$ !m to rem$y4 ,x w\ld be easy to give a l>ge numb] ( examples to illu/rate homopa?ic magic1 b a few w suffice4 ,?us ! ,euphrasia1 or eye-bright1 01 & is1 suppos$ to be good = ! eyes1 on ! /r5g? ( a black pupil-l spot 9 its corolla 7#gj1 #abc74 ,! yell[ turm]ic1 or saffron1 cur$ jaundice4 ,! roots ( roses or _! slips1 ) _! knots remov$ & set among/ broom1 w br+ =? yell[ roses 7#dg1 x4 #gj74 ,! influ5ce ( homopa?ic magic c be trac$ 9 beliefs & practices f ! l[e/ savages to civilis$ nations4 ,! magician :o works by simil>ities makes repres5tations ( ?+s or be+s1 9 ord] to acquire an influ5ce ov] !m4 ,by dramatic or pictorial imitation heav5ly bodies are influ5c$1 ra9 is made1 plants & animals are increas$1 animals entic$ to _! de/ruction1 human be+s act$ ^u4 ,:5 x 0 wi%$ to cause ra9 to fall 9 ,murray ,isl&1 ,torres ,/raits1 ! ra9-mak] scoop$ a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 & l9$ x ) leaves & plac$ 9 x a rude /one image ( a man :i* _h previ\sly be5 ano9t$ ) oil & rubb$ ) sc5t$ grass2 !n he p\r$ ! decoction ( m9c$ leaves ( v>i\s plants mix$ ) wat] ov] ! image--! image be+ s laid 9 ! hole z to po9t to ! qu>t] f :i* ! ra9 0 expect$4 ,e>? 0 heap$ ov] ! image & leaves & %ells plac$ on ! m\nd1 & all ! :ile ! ra9-mak] mutt]$ an incantation 9 a l[ sepul*ral tone4 ,f\r l>ge scre5s compos$ ( plait$ coco-nut leaves 7 plac$ at ! head1 foot1 & sides ( ! grave to repres5t cl\ds2 on ! upp] "p ( ea* 0 fa/5$ a black5$ oblong ( vegetable clo? to mimic a black ?und]-cl\d1 & coco-nut leaves1 ) _! leaflets po9t+ d[nw>ds1 7 susp5d$ close by to repres5t ra94 ,a tor* 0 ignit$ & wav$ l5g?wise ov] ! grave2 ! smoke repres5t$ cl\ds & ! flames mimick$ lightn+1 & a bamboo clapp] 0 s\nd$ to imitate ?und]4 ,! ra9 0 suppos$ to come :5 ! decoction r\nd ! image 0 rott54 ,! incantation consi/$ ( enum]at+ v>i\s aspects ( c]ta9 =ms ( cl\ds4 ,ra9 c\ld be made 9 ?is mann] only by "o section ( ! community1 & among/ ^! "o or two m5 _h a mu* great] reputation ?an ! o!rs 7#bi1 vi474 ,?is may be tak5 z an example ( a typical ra9-mak+ c]emony1 9 :i* all ! ph5om5a ( a ?und] %[] are imitat$4 ,if a native ( ,mabuiag1 9 ,torres ,/raits1 requir$ ra9 he w5t to ! ra9-mak] & ask$ him to make "s4 ,! latt] might reply1 #8,y g & put "s m ?at* on y\r h\se & on m9e too'2 ?is 0 to keep out ! =?com+ ra94 ,! ra9-mak] pa9t$ ! front ( 8 body :ite1 & ! back black4 ,?is 0 expla9$ by my in=mant ?us3 #8,all along same z cl\ds1 black beh9d1 :ite he g fir/1' or he pa9t$ 8 body ) black spots to make ! cl\ds come sep>ately2 :5 !y congregat$1 ! ra9 fell4 ,! ra9-mak] put #8m$ic9e' 9 8 "r h& & wav$ x t[>ds 8 body & *ant$ an incantation4 ,to /op ! ra9 ! ra9-mak] put r$ pa9t on ! cr[n ( 8 head1 to repres5t ! %9+ sun1 & ruddl$ 8 body all ov]4 ,he !n lay d\bl$ up & 0 closely surr\nd$ ) ?ree mats1 s t no w9d c\ld p5etrate to him4 ,f9ally he burnt "s leaves on ! sea-%ore close to ! wat]1 on a ris+ tide2 ! smoke repres5t$ ! cl\ds1 & z x 0 dissipat$ s !y disappe>$1 & z ! encroa*+ sea wa%$ away ! a%es1 s ! cl\ds 7 scatt]$ 7#bi1 v4 #cej74 ,9 ! isl& ( ,muralug c]ta9 old m5 c\ld raise a w9d by v rapidly :irl+ a ?9 bull-ro>] atta*$ to a long /r+4 ,m w9d c\ld be obta9$ by climb+ to ! top ( a tree & p]=m+ !re4 ,9 ?is case ! noise made by ! bull-ro>] imitat$ t produc$ by a gale ( w9d 7#bi1 v4 #ceb74 ,examples ( ! magical increase ( plants are f\nd 9 ! #8yam /ones' plac$ 9 _! g>d5s by v>i\s ,papuans1 :i* by _! r\nd$ %ape sugge/ ! actual tub]s 7#bh1 #bjb2 #bi1 vi474 ,! foll[+ in/ances are cull$ f t treasury ( folk cu/om & belief--,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,9 ,?r+5 ! man :o s[s flax c>ries ! se$ 9 a long bag :i* rea*es f 8 %\ld]s to 8 knees1 & he walks ) long /rides1 s t ! bag sways to & fro on 8 back4 ,x is believ$ t ?is w cause ! flax to wave 9 ! w9d4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ,sumatra rice is s[n by wom5 :o1 9 s[+1 let _! hair hang loose d[n _! back1 9 ord] t ! rice may gr[ luxuriantly & h long /alks4 ,x is commonly believ$ 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria t leap+ high 9 ! fields w make ! flax or hemp gr[ tall4 ,a ,bav>ian s[]1 9 s[+ :eat1 w sometimes we> a gold5 r+1 9 ord] t ! corn may h a f9e yell[ col\r 7#bj1 i4 #ce1 #cf74 ,z ref]5ces are giv5 on pp4 #da-dd to magical practices = ! increase ( animals1 fur!r examples ne$ n be add$ "h1 _! object be+ to provide pl5ty ( food = ! community4 ,x 0 = ! same reason t images ( fi%1 turtle1 & dugong 7 made by ! isl&]s ( ,torres ,/raits & tak5 ) !m :5 !y w5t fi%+1 ) ! idea t ! image lur$ ! real animal to its de/ruction2 & m5 ( ! dugong clan :o 7 symbolically decorat$ made mimetic movem5ts ) a dead dugong to con/ra9 o!rs to come & be caught 7#bi1 v4 #ccg1 #ahb1 & vi474 ,! same p us$ to c>ve small human effigies out ( ?9 slabs ( wood & coat !m ) beeswax1 or ! images 7 made entirely ( beeswax4 ,^! figures 7 treat$ 9 v>i\s ways = nef>i\s magic1 b always ! fir/ action 0 to call !m by ! names ( ! p]sons :o 7 to be affect$ by !m4 ,if ! magician pull$ an arm or a leg (f ! image1 ! pati5t felt sore 9 ! correspond+ limb1 & became ill1 & ev5tually di$ 9 great pa92 %\ld ! magician re/ore ! dismemb]$ limb1 ! pati5t w\ld recov]4 ,if a magician prick$ ) ! sp9e ( a /+ ray an image t _h be5 nam$1 ! p]son indicat$ w\ld be /ung 9 ! same place by a /+ ray :5 he w5t fi%+ on ! reef 7#bi1 v4 #cbd74 ,analog\s cu/oms are to ?is day practis$ 9 ,brita94 ,! fir/ example comes f ,ross-%ire 7#dh1 #cgc74 ,! corp creagh is a body ( clay rudely %ap$ into ! image ( a p]son ^: hurt is desir$4 ,aft] a tol]ably correct repres5tation is obta9$1 x is /uck all ov] ) p9s & ?orns & plac$ 9 a runn+ /ream4 ,z ! image is worn away by ! action ( ! wat] ! victim also wa/es away ) "s mortal disease4 ,! m p9s t are /uck 9 f "t to "t ! m excruciat+ agony ! victim suff]s4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 any wayf>] discov] ! corp 9 ! /ream1 ! spell is brok5 & ! victim duly recov]s4 ,f ,argyle%ire we le>n 7#di1 #add7 t a long incantation 0 us$ z ! p9s 7 be+ put 9 ! clay image1 ! beg9n+ ( :i* 0 some?+ to ?is effect3 #8,z y wa/e away1 may ---- wa/e away2 z ?is w\nds y1 may x w\nd ----4' ,:5 x 0 desir$ t ! p]son %\ld die a l+]+ dea?1 c>e 0 tak5 t ! p9s %\ld n t\* :]e ! he>t 0 suppos$ to be2 b :5 a spe$y dea? 0 desir$1 ! p9s 7 /uck ov] ! region ( ! he>t4 ,actual in/ances ( ! employm5t ( ! corp *r or corp *readh1 clay body or clay corpse 7z ,dr4 ,maclagan calls x71 are giv5 by ! two au?ors la/ cit$1 "o ( :i* occurr$ ab\t ! ye> #ahii4 ,?is practice is m]ely ! cont9uance ( old cu/oms1 = #8,k+ ,james 9 8 ,dmonology1 says t 8! devil tea*e? h[ to make pictures ( wax or clay1 t by roa/+ !re(1 ! p]sons t !y be> ! "n ( may be cont9ually melt$ or dri$ away by cont9ual sickness02 & 9 ! elev5? c5tury c]ta9 ,jews1 x 0 believ$1 made a wax5 image ( ,bi%op ,eb]h>d1 set ab\t ) tap]s1 brib$ a cl]k to baptize x1 & set fire to x on ! ,sabba?1 ! :i* image burn+ away at ! middle1 ! bi%op fell griev\sly sick & di$' 7#gj1 #abd74 ,_m magical practices & beliefs are difficult to classify z ei!r contagi\s or homopa?ic magic2 !y may ev5 be a mixture ( bo?4 ,su* is ! belief 9 ! p[] ( names or words1 talismans & amulets1 div9ation1 & v>i\s practices ( public & private magic4 ,^! w be dealt ) "u sep>ate head+s4 ,,ii4 ,,magical ,,p[] ,,( ,,names ,,& ,,words ,a ,"n is consid]$ by backw>d folk to be "p & p>cel ( a liv+ be+1 & z magic c be p]=m$ on a p]son ?r\gh tangible sub/ances t h come into contact ) him1 s magic c be p]=m$ or influ5ce ex]t$ ?r\gh ! utt]ance ( a p]son's "n4 ,9 ! we/ ( ,irel& & 9 ,torres ,/raits p h refus$ to tell me _! names1 ?\gh !re 0 no objection to "s "o else giv+ me ! in=mation2 ! idea evid5tly be+ t by tell+ _! own "n to a /rang] !y 7 volunt>ily putt+ !mselves into ! p[] ( t /rang]1 :o1 by ! k ( _! "n s imp>t$1 c\ld affect !m 9 "s way4 ,ov] ! great] "p ( ,am]ica 0 spread ! belief 9 a p]sonal s\l1 :i* is nei!r ! bodily life nor yet ! m5tal p[]1 b a sort ( spiritual body4 ,9 _m tribes1 writes ,dr4 ,br9ton 7#g1 #bgg71 ?is ?ird s\l or #8a/ral body' bore a relation to ! private p]sonal "n4 ,among ! ,mayas & ,nahuas1 x 0 conf]r$ or came into exi/5ce ) ! "n2 & = ?is reason ! p]sonal "n 0 sacr$ & r>ely utt]$4 ,! "n 0 ?us "p ( ! individuality1 & ?r\gh x ! s\l c\ld be injur$4 ,pr(essor ,rhs has %[n 7#eh1 #eff-g7 f philological evid5ce1 t ,aryan-speak+ peoples #8believ$ at "o "t n only t ! "n 0 a "p ( ! man1 b t x 0 t "p ( him :i* is t]m$ ! s\l1 ! brea? ( life4' ,! dislike ( he>+ _! names m5tion$ is n conf9$ to human be+s1 =1 z is well kn[n1 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s ! ,fairies h a v /rong repugnance to be+ s call$2 h5ce !y %\ld be t]m$ ! ,wee-folk1 ! ,good ,p1 or by o!r ambigu\s t]ms4 ,c]ta9 ,scotti% & ,engli% fi%]m5 believe t ! salmon & pig h a simil> objection to be+ #8nam$1' b !y d n m9d be+ call$ respectively ! #8r$-fi%' or ! #8que] fell[4' ,if p[] c be ex]t$ ov] m5 by ! use ( _! names1 x is only reasonable to believe t spirits & deities c be simil>ly influ5c$4 ,torres ,/raits isl&]s believe t a local bogey or a _s-girl c be summon$ by be+ m5tion$ by "n 7#bi1 v4 #ad1 #hf71 z ! wit* ( ,endor br\ght up ! _s ( ,samuel4 ,dr4 ,fraz] 7#bj1 i4 #ddc-f7 gives examples to %[ t p h believ$ t gods mu/ keep _! true names secret1 le/ o!r gods or ev5 m5 %\ld be able to conjure ) !m2 ev5 ,ra1 ! great ,egyptian god ( ! sun1 decl>$ t ! "n giv5 him by 8 fa!r & "m #8rema9$ hidd5 9 my body s9ce my bir?1 t no magician might h magic p[] ov] me4' ,?is probably 0 "o reason :y ! real "n ( supreme ,gods 0 kn[n b to a *os5 few2 "o in/ance w suffice4 ,to ! ,mohamm$ans1 ,allah is b an epi!t 9 place ( ! ,mo/ ,great ,"n2 =1 accord+ to a ,moslem belief1 ! secret ( ! latt] is committ$ to prophets & apo/les alone4 ,ano!r reason is t ! utt]ance ( ^! secret names gives trem5d\s p[]1 = 7#db1 #bgc7 ^? :o "k ! ,mo/ ,great ,"n ( ,god c1 by pron\nc+ x1 transport !mselves f place to place at w1 c kill ! liv+1 raise ! dead to life1 & "w o!r miracles4 ,accord+ to ,jewi% tradition1 :5 ,lili?1 ,adam's fir/ wife1 refus$ to yield ob$i5ce to him %e utt]$ ! ,%em-hamphora%1 t is1 pron\nc$ ! ineffable "n ( ,jehovah & in/antly flew away4 ,?is utt]ance evid5tly gave h] su* p[] t ev5 ,jehovah c\ld n co]ce h]1 & ! ?ree angels1 ,snoi 7,s5noi71 ,snsnoi 7,sans5noi71 & ,smnglf 7,sammangeloph71 :o 7 s5t aft] h]1 7 cont5t$ ) a compromise1 & ,lili? swore by ! "n ( ! ,liv+ ,god t %e w\ld refra9 f do+ any injury to infants :]ev] & :5ev] %e %\ld f9d ^? angels1 or _! names1 or _! pictures1 on p>*m5t or pap]1 or on :atev] else !y might be drawn1 #8& = ?is reason1' says a rabb9ical writ]1 #8we write ! names ( ^! angels on slips ( pap] or p>*m5t1 & b9d !m ^u infants1 t ,lili? see+ !m1 may rememb] h] oa?2 & may ab/a9 f do+ our infants any injury' 7#a1 #afe74 ,! cu/om is /ill ma9ta9$ 9 ! ea/ ( ,london ( pr9t+ portions ( ,scripture & ^! ?ree names on pieces ( pap]1 :i* are plac$ on ! f\r walls ( a room :]e a baby is expect$1 :]e !y rema9 eight days = a boy & tw5ty days = a girl4 ,ap>t f ! co]cive p[] :i* is attribut$ to ! pron\nc+ ( names1 !re is an analog\s belief 9 ! utt]ance ( words or phrases4 ,^? ,words ( ,p[] h be5 class$ by ,mr4 ,clodd 7#aa1 #aid7 z3 7#a7 ,creative ,words2 7#b7 ,mantrams & _! k92 7#c7 ,passwords2 7#d7 ,spells or ,invocations = conjur+ up ! _s ( ! dead1 or = exorcis+ demons1 or = remov+ spells on ! liv+2 & 7#e7 ,cure-*>ms 9 =mul or magic words4 ,mr4 ,clodd po9ts out t ^! classes ov]lap & int]m+le4 ,ev5 among su* backw>d p z ! ,au/ralians1 c]ta9 ( ! m$ic9e-m5 or sorc]]s 7 b>ds :o devot$ _! poetic faculties to ! purposes ( en*antm5t1 su* z ! ,bunjil-y5j9 ( ! ,kurnai1 ^: peculi> bran* ( magic 0 compos+ & s++ pot5t love *>ms & ! arrangem5t ( m>riages by elopem5t spells 7#ce1 #cef1 #bgd74 ,9 few c\ntries 0 ! spok5 ^w m effective ?an 9 anci5t ,irel&2 a sorc]]1 :e!r a druid or n1 w\ld /& on "o foot1 ) "o arm out/ret*$ & ) "o eye %ut1 & *ant an incantation 9 a l\d voice 7#cg1 i4 #bdj74 ,! gr& weapon ( ! ,iri% poets by :i* !y en=c$ _! dem&s 0 ! satire4 ,a poet c\ld compose a satire t w\ld blight crops1 dry up mil*-c[s1 & raise an ulc]\s bli/] on ! face4 ,a /ory is told 7#cg1 i4 #ded7 ( ,s5*n ,torpe/1 *ief poet ( ,irel&1 :o liv$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 t once :5 8 d9n] 0 eat5 9 8 abs5ce by rats1 he mutt]$ a satire beg9n+1 #8,rats1 ?\gh %>p _! sn\ts1 are n p[]ful 9 battle1' :i* kill$ t5 ( !m on ! spot4 ,%akespe>e1 & o!r ,elizabe?an writ]s1 (t5 ref] to ! belief t ,iri% b>ds c\ld rhyme rats to dea?4 ,! ,iri% geis or geas pron\nc$ ge% or gass1 plural geasa gassa1 0 ! exact equival5t ( an ord9>y tabu1 b p sometimes put an injunction on a p]son 9 "s su* =m z #8,i place y "u heavy geasa1 :i* no true *ampion w break ?r\gh1 to d s & s4' ,9 ?is mann]1 ! wit*-lady =ces ,f9n to se>* = ! r+ %e _h dropp$ into ! lake2 & ,m>bhan put ! ar*-poet ,s5*n ,torpe/ "u geasa to obta9 a copy ( a lo/ /ory4 ,:5 ! reque/ 0 reasonable or j ! abjur$ p]son c\ld n refuse )\t loss ( hon\r & reputation & probably 9 e>ly days p]sonal h>m w\ld accrue if ! geasa 7 disreg>d$4 ,! p[] ( ! geis 0 s /rong t :5 ,grania put ,di>muid "u geasa ( dang] & de/ruction to elope ) h]1 he 0 advis$ by 8 fri5ds aga9/ 8 w to agree3 ,ois9 said1 #8,y are n guilty if ! bonds 7 laid on y1' & ,osg> said1 #8,x is a pitiful man t w\ld break 8 bonds' 7#be1 #cdg1 #h74 ,sympa!tic magic bulks l>gely 9 ! life ( backw>d peoples1 n m]ely 9 ! =m ( actions to be p]=m$1 b also 9 ^? to be ab/a9$ f4 ,! #8,?\ %alt n' is m 9 evid5ce ?an #8,?\ %alt4' ,! prohibitions ( savages & b>b>ians are n[ spok5 ( "u ! g5]al t]m ( tabu4 ,"s tabus are rational f our po9t ( view1 o!rs seem to u to be utt]ly irrational1 b ?is does n affect _! validity 9 any way4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 on ?is subject by div]s writ]s t only "o or two examples ne$ be giv5 "h4 ,! subject is aga9 ref]r$ to on p4 #ee4 ,! old ,iri% tale1 ! #8,bruid5 ,d ,d]ga1' tells ( ! de/ruction foll[+ ! violation ( tabus4 ,conaire1 ,k+ ( ,ul/]1 0 put "u c]ta9 geasa by 8 fa!r1 su* z3 #8,?\ %alt n g desiul r\nd ,t>a nor )]%9s r\nd ,bregia1' #8,! evil bea/s ( ,c]na mu/ n be hunt$ by !e1' #8,!re %all n g be=e !e ?ree ,r$s to ! h\se ( ,r$1' & o!rs4 ,b on ! way to ,d ,d]ga's ,ho/el #8,!y w5t righ?&wise r\nd ,t>a1 & lef?&wise r\nd ,bregia1 & ! evil bea/s ( ,c]na 7 hunt$ by him1 b he saw x n till ! *ase _h end$4' ,!n he saw ?ree r$ m5 go+ be=e him to ! h\se ( ,r$1 & ,conaire says1 #8,all my geasa h seiz$ me to-night1' & be=e ! next day ,conaire & all 8 ho/ 7 de/roy$ 9 ,d ,d]ga's ,ho/el 7#ff1 xxii474 ,:5 ,cu*ula9 0 on 8 way to 8 la/ combat he met ?ree hags1 daught]s ( a wiz>d1 all bl9d ( ! left eye4 ,!y 7 cook+ a dog ) poisons & spells on spits ( a r[an tree4 ,x 0 geis to ,cu*ula9 to eat at a cook+-he>?1 or to eat ! fle% ( a h\nd1 b ! wom5 put him on 8 hon\r n to refuse ! piece !y (f]$ him1 s he took x1 & all ! /r5g? w5t out ( ! left h& 9 :i* he took ! food 7#ff1 iii474 ,,iii4 ,,talismans ,,& ,,amulets ,9 ! =ms ( magic we h hi!rto consid]$1 some?+ is done by a human be+1 :e!r by action1 repres5tation1 or ^w1 b !re is ano!r bran* ( magic 9 :i* ! virtue resides intr9sically 9 c]ta9 objects :i* are v>i\sly t]m$ *>ms1 talismans1 amulets1 or mascots4 ,^? t transmit qualities or are worn = good luck may be t]m$ talismans1 :ile ! t]m amulet may be re/rict$ ) advantage to ^? *>ms :i* are prev5tive 9 _! action2 b ! same *>m is 9 "s cases employ$ = bo? ^! purposes4 ,^! objects are cont9u\sly effective )\t any action on ! "p ( ! prep>] or we>]1 z !y possess p[] 9 _! own "r1 b ?is is f v div]se causes4 ,c]ta9 /ones f _! col\r sugge/ fle%2 ?us g>nets & c>nelians are worn 9 ! r\gh or work$ into beads z amulets aga9/ sk9 diseases4 ,mo/ preci\s /ones are cr$it$ ) di/9ctive prop]ties1 & "s h a reputation = be+ unlucky1 z = example ! preci\s opal4 ,! ame?y/1 z its "n implies1 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5t ,greeks z a *>m aga9/ becom+ intoxicat$2 among ! anci5t ,egyptians ! ame?y/ correspond$ to ! ,zodiacal sign ( ! ,goat1 & z ! goat 0 an enemy to v9es1 s ! ame?y/ 0 a foe to w9e4 ,lel& 7#dc1 #cea7 po9ts out t x also #8drives away bad ?\ghts & conf]s ripe & happy g5ius4' ,amb] beads are c>ri$ by p ( v>i\s races = weak eyes1 & x is ess5tial !y %\ld be look$ ?r\gh to /r5g!n ! sight 7#dc1 #bfg74 ,! electrical p[] ( attraction ( light objects by amb] :5 rubb$ 0 d\btless "o cause ( its suppos$ virtue4 ,! sev]al metals h _! active magical prop]ties4 ,a lump ( crude antimony 9 ,italy is v efficaci\s :5 ! foll[+ invocation is pron\nc$3 #8,antimony1 :o art ( z9c & copp]6 ?\ mo/ p[]ful1 ,i keep !e ev] by me1 t ?\ maye/ bani% f me evil p1 & br+ good luck to me4' ,gold is ! mo/ g5ial or luck-br++1 &1 z a woman said1 #8antimony is /rong] ?an lead1 because x consi/s ( ?ree metals1 or r always has 9 x copp] & lead' 7#dc1 #cgc-d74 ,col\r alone has its magical qualities1 h5ce ! frequ5cy ( r$ wooll5 ?read or /uff 9 c\nt]-*>ms aga9/ ! evil eye1 z an old saw expresses x3 #8,roan tree & r$ ?read1 w drive ! wit*es aa wud' 7#di1 #aef74 ,= ! same reason r$ coral is s greatly valu$4 ,blue is ( equal efficacy1 h5ce ! we>+ ( turquoise by s _m ,ori5tal & ,nor? ,african peoples1 & blue beads are worn by p = mu* ! same reason1 t !y susp5d !m r\nd ! necks ( donkeys or camels4 ,:5 deal+ ) contagi\s magic1 we saw t _m objects are worn1 9 ord] t c]ta9 qualities ( ! animals f :i* !y 7 obta9$ may be imp>t$ to ! we>]4 ,! wild bo>'s tusk1 ! acquisition ( :i* is greatly desir$ by ! natives ( ! ,papuan ,gulf z a m>k ( brav]y1 is covet$ n s mu* z a p]sonal ornam5t1 z = ! c\rage1 f]ocity1 & d>+ :i* x is suppos$ to conta9 & to be capable ( imp>t+ to any "o :o we>s x 7#cc1 #dbg74 ,probably ?is is ! reason :y bo>s' tusks are s mu* priz$ all ov] ,new ,gu9ea1 :]e !y are wr\ght into #8ornam5ts1' :i* are c>ri$ 9 ! m\? or worn on ! *e/ :5 on ! w>-pa?4 ,9 ,we/ ,africa ! bones f ! legs ( tortoises are mu* valu$ z anklets1 9 ord] to give ! we>]s endurance4 ,! l[] jaw-bone ( ! tortoise is worn by c]ta9 tribes z a prev5tive aga9/ too?a*e2 9 ?is case ! reason w\ld seem to be t z ! tortoise has no tee? x _c suff] f too?a*e1 & ?us fre$om f too?a*e c be imp>t$ by t ed5tul\s jaw4 ,! sp9al bones ( snakes are /rung toge!r = a girdle z a cure = backa*e 7#c1 #bcg74 ,africans1 accord+ to ,arnot 7#c1 #bcg71 believe l>gely 9 prev5tive measures1 & _! *>ms are *iefly ( t ord]4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh a c\ntry :]e leop>ds & lions ab\nd1 !y c>efully provide !mselves ) ! claws1 tee?1 lips1 & :isk]s ( ^? animals1 & hang !m ar\nd _! necks1 to secure !mselves aga9/ be+ attack$4 ,= ! same purpose ! po9t ( an elephant's trunk is g5]ally worn by ! elephant-hunt]s4 ,a l>ge class ( talismans consi/s ( models or repres5tations ( objects1 & ! attributes ( ! orig9al pass on to ! symbol4 ,! pig1 p]haps on acc\nt ( its abundant fecundity1 0 prim>ily sacr$ to ! e>? goddess1 :e!r %e 0 kn[n z ,demet]1 ,c]es1 or by any o!r "n4 ,lel& po9ts out 7#dc1 #bee7 t little gold & silv] pigs 7 (f]$ to ,c]es1 :o 0 pre-em95tly a goddess ( f]tility1 & !re=e ( good luck & all g5ial influ5ces4 ,= ^! reasons !y 7 worn by ,roman ladies1 & #8lucky pigs' are /ill v common *>ms1 especially 9 ,s\? ,g]many4 ,! belief 9 ! evil eye is n only widely spread1 b extremely anci5t1 & 9 "s places is /ill firmly root$ among ! folk4 #8,ov]look+' may be int5tional1 b x is believ$ t _m p]sons1 )\t int5tion & ev5 aga9/ _! w1 by ! glance ( _! eye1 h caus$ injuri\s effects2 s t1 9 "s cases1 mo!rs w\ld n v5ture to expose _! infants to ! look ( _! own fa!rs4 ,plut>* 7#ah1 #ac7 v\*es = ?is1 & admits t envy ex]ts an evil influ5ce ?r\gh ! eyes1 & adds t x is wise to employ *>ms & antidotes to turn aside ^! evil glances4 ,a fri5d ( 8 /at$ t "s ev5 fasc9ate !mselves by _! own gaze1 & allud$ to ! /ory ( ,eutelidas1 :o1 l ,n>cissus1 fell a victim to ! admiration he felt = 8 own lik5ess4 ,wom5 & *ildr5 seem to h be5 acc\nt$ by all old classical writ]s z ! mo/ liable to injury4 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans /atues ( ,nemesis 7 erect$ :i* 7 ador$ & invok$ to save _! wor%ipp]s f fasc9ation4 ,9 ,rome1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 special laws 7 enact$ aga9/ injury to crops by incantation1 excantation1 or fasc9ation 7#ah1 #ae74 #8,eat n ! bread ( him t ha? an evil eye' is j z mu* a maxim to-day z x 0 9 ! "t ( ,solomon1 & ,mr4 ,elwor?y says 7#ah1 #ajg7 9 ,naples1 at ! appe>ance ( a p]son hav+ ?is reputation1 a cry ( #8,jettatore6' is pass$1 & ev5 9 a cr[d$ /reet x causes an in/antane\s vani%+ ( ev]ybody--a ru% up entries1 into %ops1 or else:]e4 ,ev] s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! religi\s ord]s1 monks h _h ! special reputation ( possess+ ! fatal influ5ce4 ,! la/ ,pope b "o1 ,pius ! ,n9?1 0 firmly believ$ to h _h ! evil eye4 ,a ,roman w\ld c&idly say3 #8,no?+ succe$s ) anybody or any?+ :5 he wi%es well to x4 ,:5 he w5t to ,/4 ,agnese to hold a great fe/ival1 d[n w5t ! floor1 & ! p 7 all sma%$ toge!r4 ,!n he visit$ ! column to ! ,madonna 9 ! ,piazza di ,spagna1 & bless$ x & ! workm52 ( c\rse1 "o fell f ! scaffold ! same day & kill$ himself' 7#ah1 #bc1 #be74 ,dome/ic animals always h be5 consid]$ z peculi>ly susceptible to ?is evil influ5ce4 ,c[s are p>ticul>ly liable to fasc9ation 9 ,scotl&1 :ile 9 ,engl& ( all animals ! pig is mo/ (t5 #8ov]look$4' ,! ,turk & ! ,arab ?9k ! same ( _! horses & camels2 above all ! ,neapolitan cabman ( to-day believes 9 ! great dang] to 8 horse f ! eye ( ! jettatore4 ,! commone/ ( all anci5t ,egyptian amulets1 except ! sc>ab1 0 #8! ,eye ( ,osiris1' z x is call$ by u4 ,^! my/ic eyes 7 worn equally by ! liv+ & ! dead z amulets2 x be+ natural1 f ! associations ( homopa?ic magic1 t repres5tations ( ! eye itself %\ld h be5 consid]$ pot5t amulets aga9/ its malign influ5ce4 ,all ! peoples r\nd ! ,m$it]ranean employ$ repres5tations ( eyes z amulets4 ,9 ,syria & ,cairo necklaces compos$ ( flat glass eyes are sold to ! pres5t day1 & eye-designs protect ! clo!s1 horse trapp+s1 & _m ( ! objects ( daily use ( ! ,moors 7#gb1 #baa74 ,plut>* decl>es t ! objects t are fix$ up to w>d (f wit*craft or fasc9ation d]ive _! efficacy f ! fact t !y act ?r\gh ! /rang5ess & ridicul\sness ( _! =ms1 :i* fix ! mis*ief-work+ eye ^u !mselves4 ,x 0 ?is firm belief1 says ,elwor?y 7#ah1 #adc71 :i* l$ to ! design ( ^? extremely grotesque figures1 ( :i* ! anci5t ,romans 7 s fond2 inde$1 any?+ t 0 ridicul\s or indec5t 0 suppos$ to be a corrective to ! h>mful influ5ce ( fasc9ation4 ,amulets :i* protect aga9/ ?is p[] are ( ?ree classes3 7#a7 ,^? ! object ( :i* 0 to attract ^u !mselves ! h>mful glance 7^? 7 necess>ily expos$ to view72 7#b7 *>ms worn or c>ri$ secretly2 & 7#c7 writt5 words ( ,scripture1 ,koran1 & o!r sacr$ writ+s1 or cabali/ic figures & =mul 7#ah1 #adi74 ,! cresc5t moon 0 a symbol ( _m deities1 ,p>vati1 ,devaki1 & o!r ,indian goddesses1 ,isis1 ,a!na or ,m9]va1 ,artemis or ,diana & ! ,madonna4 ,artemis or ,diana 0 ! patroness ( dome/ic animals z well z ( ! wild creatures ( ! wood 7#ba1 #ad72 h5ce we may trace ! extreme preval5ce ( amulets symbolic ( _! attributes ^u horses4 ,! cresc5t--t is ! horn$ moon--& horns appe> to be int]*angeable3 ?us horns1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 are ( all objects ! mo/ common z amulets aga9/ ! evil eye1 :e!r affect+ man or bea/2 s mu* s1 t at la/ x has come to be fully believ$ by ! ,neapolitans1 t 9 default ( a horn1 9 coral or o!r =m1 ! m]e utt]ance ( ! ^w corno or corna 7#8horn'7 is an effectual protection4 ,9 ,italy1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,naples1 ! c>t h>ness is lit]ally made up ( *>ms & prophylactics1 su* z fea!rs1 hair1 brightly col\r$ ribbons1 & especially objects ( %9+ brass2 ( ! la/ ! cresc5t is ! mo/ common4 ,x w\ld take too long to describe all ! objects t are employ$ to c\nt]act ! evil eye 9 ,italy alone4 ,! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 fi%1 snakes1 & v>i\s o!r animals1 tig]s' tee?1 keys1 a hun*back 7gobbo74 ,a s+le p5d5t horn1 :e!r ( coral1 %ell1 or metal is extremely common1 z are m9iature h&s1 ^! frequ5tly h all ! digits clos$ up except ! index & little f+]1 :i* are fully ext5d$4 ,?is is a pot5t ge/ure1 & a ,neapolitan's "r h& is almo/ con/antly 9 t position po9t+ d[nw>ds1 j z ! h&-*>ms are made to hang d[nw>ds1 z a prophylactic aga9/ unkn[n or unsuspect$ attacks 7#ah1 #bfa74 ,dr4 ,we/]m>ck has rec5tly 7#gb1 #baa7 giv5 an illum9at+ description ( ! use & repres5tations ( ! h& aga9/ ! evil eye 9 ,morocco4 ,on /udy+ v>i\s k9ds ( talismans & amulets1 x at once becomes evid5t t :ile "s are cr$it$ ) contagi\s sympa?y1 o!rs are mimetic or symbolic1 t is homopa?ic 9 _! action1 :ile !re are _m o!rs t owe _! efficacy to an intimate relation ) a spiritual be+ ( "s k9d or o!r1 or ) a deity4 ,! *>ms ( ?is ?ird gr\p are to be reg>d$ z feti%es s long z ! recognition la/s t !y are dep5d5t = _! virtue ^u ^! extrane\s be+s2 b :5 ?is belief is lo/ ! *>m becomes a m]e talisman or amulet4 ,! *ange f a feti% to a luck-object is con/antly tak+ place ow+ to ! despiritualis+ effect ( increas+ civilisation4 ,to take "o example1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,lovett fir/ drew my att5tion to ! #8luck bones' t are worn by ,:itby1 & probably by o!r ,york%ire1 fi%]m51 & ano!r fri5d subsequ5tly confirm$ ! fact t ^! bones n only br+ good =tune b are safegu>ds aga9/ dr[n+4 ,! bone 9 "q be+ ! ,t-%ap$ hyoid- or tongue-bone ( a %eep1 ,mr4 ,lovett sugge/$ t ?is bone might h some?+ to d ) ,?or's hamm]4 ,lat] ,pr(essor ,boyd ,dawk9s %[$ me ! id5tical bone worn = a simil> purpose by ,manx fi%]m51 & x is wor?y ( note t !re 7 ,sc&9avian settlem5ts at bo? ,:itby & ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,i in=m$ ,h]r ,e4 ,fri$el ( ^! facts & inf]5ces1 & he discov]$ 7#bb1 #dab7 t ! m5 9 ! ,b]l9 slaught]-y>ds h a simil> cu/om1 ! end ( ! long arm ( ! bone be+ p]=at$ = a ?read t is fa/5$ r\nd ! neck ( ! we>]4 ,on look+ into ! ar*ological evid5ce he f\nd t 9 ! e>ly iron age unmi/akable repres5tations ( ,?or's hamm] 7 worn z *>ms 9 ,d5m>k & ,s*leswig-,hol/e94 ,9 ^? e>ly days !re c be little d\bt t ! influ5ce ( ! god pass$ into ! models ( 8 weapon1 & t ^! objects p>took ( ! nature ( feti%es1 b lat] ! symbols ( ! god deg5]at$ into luck-objects4 ,,iv4 ,,div9ation ,m5 n only attempt to act directly ^u nature1 b !y usually exhibit a ke5 desire to be guid$ z to ! be/ c\rse to take :5 9 d\bt1 difficulty1 or dang]1 & to be =ew>n$ ( ! future4 ,! practice ( div9ation is by no means conf9$ to pr(essional magicians1 or ev5 to soo?say]s1 b any "o may employ ! accessory means4 ,any object may be us$ 9 div9ation3 ?us 9 ,europe1 z 9 ,torres ,/raits 7#bi1 v4 #cfa71 a /ick may be dropp$ to indicate a direction to be tak52 or co9s may be spun or dice ?r[n4 ,div9ation by means ( skulls 0 common 9 ,torres ,/raits 7#bi1 v4 #cfb72 9 ?is case ! _s ( ! dead p]son 0 suppos$ to give ! requir$ advice4 ,h>uspication1 or div9ation by means ( c]ta9 visc]a1 0 l>gely employ$ by ! ,romans1 & ,i h sev]al times se5 a pig's liv] us$ 9 ,borneo = ! same purpose 7#bh1 #ccf1 #ced74 ,9 ^! in/ances ! message1 z indicat$ by ! /ate ( ! p>ticul> viscus1 0 obta9$ f a deity4 ,o!r examples & v>ieties ( div9ation are giv5 by ,tylor 7#ga1 i4 #abc74 ,v4 ,,public ,,& ,,private ,,magic ,magic may be employ$ = public purposes or = private ends4 ,9 ! =m] case x is almo/ inv>iably = ! public weal1 9 ! latt] x is mo/ frequ5tly nef>i\s4 ,a4 ,public ,magic4 ,among "s totemic peoples ! m5 ( a totem gr\p p]=m magical c]emonies = ! b5efit ( ! community4 ,! be/ examples ( ?is communal magic1 z x might be t]m$1 are ^? describ$ by ,messrs4 ,baldw9 ,sp5c] & ,gill5 7#fd1 #agi-ahc7 z practis$ by ! ,arunta tribe ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia at ! inti*iuma c]emonies4 ,= example1 ! headman ( a local gr\p ( ! ,emu totem & "s o!r ,emu m5 op5$ a ve9 & all[$ _! blood to /ream on a pat* ( smoo? gr\nd1 until ab\t ?ree y>ds 7 saturat$4 ,on ! h>d surface ( ! clott$ blood ! sacr$ design ( ! ,emu totem 0 pa9t$ ) :ite1 yell[1 r$1 & black4 ,x repres5t$ c]ta9 p>ts ( ! emu2 two l>ge pat*es ( yell[ indicat$ lumps ( fat1 ( :i* ! natives are v fond1 b ! great] "p repres5t$1 by means ( circles & circul> pat*es1 ! eggs 9 v>i\s /ates ( developm5t1 "s be=e & "s aft] lay+4 ,v>i\s s9u\s l9es indicat$ p>ts ( ! inte/9e4 ,?r\gh\t ! c]emony ! headman 0 treat$ ) ! greate/ def]5ce1 & no "o spoke to him except 9 a :isp]4 ,! sacr$ wood5 slabs 7*ur+a7 7 plac$ on "o side ( ! pa9t+4 ,9 ! int]vals ( a monoton\s *ant ! headman expla9$ ! draw+4 ,?ree m5 wore a headdress :i* repres5t$ ! long neck & small head ( ! emu2 ) a curi\s glid+ movem5t !y approa*$ ! spectators1 occasionally /opp+ & mov+ only _! heads1 imitat+ ! aimless gaz+ ab\t ( ! bird4 ,! wit*etty grub inti*iuma c]emony 7#fd1 #agj-agi7 is p]=m$ at a special cave1 :]e lies a l>ge block ( qu>tzite surr\nd$ by small r\nd$ /ones4 ,! =m] repres5ts ! p]fect insect1 & ! latt] its eggs4 ,! headman & 8 associates tap ! l>ge /one & *ant songs1 ! burd5 ( :i* is an invitation to ! insect to lay eggs2 ! headman /rikes ea* man ) "o ( ! small /ones1 say+1 #8,y h eat5 mu* food4' ,lat] !y g to a l>ge rock :i* !y tap1 & invite ! animal to come f all directions & lay eggs4 ,aft] v>i\s symbolic c]emonies !y ent] a long n>r[ boo? made ( bu%es1 :i* repres5ts ! *rysalis case f :i* ! p]fect insect em]ges1 & !re !y s+ ( ! animal 9 its v>i\s /ages & ( ! sacr$ /ones4 ,!re are _m simil> c]emonies :i* ! m5 ( a totem gr\p make 9 ord] to increase or produce _! p>ticul> totem2 ?us1 tak+ ! tribe z a :ole1 ! object ( ^! c]emonies is t ( increas+ ! total food supply 7#fd1 #cae-cai74 ,among ! ,arunta & ,ilpirra only ! m5 ( ! totem are all[$ to be pres5t or to take "p 9 ! actual c]emony4 ,dur+ its progress !re is always "s c]emony1 su* z t ( all[+ ! blood ( "y m5 ( ! totem to fl[ ov] ! /one :i* is associat$ ) ! ance/ors ( ! totem4 ,! idea ( ?is is to s5d ! spirits ( ! animals out ( ! /one to repl5i% ! /ock ( ! totemic animal4 ,aft] ! c]emony1 :51 z a consequ5ce1 ! animal or plant has become abundant1 ! m5 ( all classes & totems g out & br+ supplies into ! ma9 camp4 ,no "o z yet may eat x4 ,! headman ( ! totem1 9 ! pres5ce ( all 9 camp1 solemnly eats a little & h&s ! rema9d] ov] to ! m5 ( ! o!r totems1 tell+ !m to eat freely4 ,if ! headman did n eat a little he w\ld lose ! p[] ( p]=m+ inti*iuma successfully4 ,9 o!r tribes to ! nor? simil> c]emonies exi/1 b !y are less elaborate & sometimes ( ! simple/ description4 ,! headman ( ! :ite cockatoo totem gr\p & 8 son sp5t ! :ole ( "o night #8s++' ! cockatoo4 ,9 ! ,w>a tribe on ! %ore ( ! ,gulf ( ,c>p5t>ia a man ( ! ra9-gr\p goes to a pool1 &1 tak+ c>e t no wom5 or /rang]s are 9 sight1 b5ds d[n ov] & #8s+s' ! wat]2 !n he takes "s up 9 8 h&s1 dr9ks x1 & spits x out 9 v>i\s directions4 ,aft] t he ?r[s wat] all ov] himself1 & aft] scatt]+ "s all r\nd he returns quietly to 8 camp1 & ra9 is suppos$ to foll[ 7#fd1 #cad74 ,!re is v little diff]5ce betwe5 ?is act & ord9>y individual magic1 ! ess5tial di/9ction be+ t ! man 9 ?is case makes ra9 by virtue ( ra9 be+ 8 totem1 x be+ a function ( human male memb]s ( ! totem gr\p to increase _! totem4 ,:5 ! totemic sy/em falls into decay !re seems to be a t5d5cy = ! old magical c]emonies :i* _h = _! purport ! increase ( ! totem1 to be p]=m$ by c]ta9 families1 r ?an by gr\ps ( m52 ?is appe>s to be associat$ ) ! gr[? ( prop]ty 9 l&1 s t 9 "t ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 c]emonies is re/rict$ to a s+le man1 :o transmits ! "r to 8 son1 & !y alone ( ! community h ?is duty4 ,!re is no?+ to di/+ui% m5 ) ^! rights f ord9>y sorc]]s :o practise def9ite dep>tm5ts ( magic4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( examples ( public magical c]emonies1 und]tak5 = ! good ( ! community1 h be5 collect$ by ,dr4 ,fraz] 9 8 ,gold5 ,b\gh2 ( especial int]e/ are ^? connect$ ) ! production ( abundant h>ve/s1 & ! active p>ticipation ( wom5 9 su* cu/oms is v significant4 ,i "h give an example rec5tly publi%$ by ,miss ,m>y ,ow5 7#ef1 #fj74 ,! ,corn-plant+ dance ( ! ,musquakie or ,fox ,indians takes place 9 ,april1 ?\gh ! real corn-plant+ comm5ces ab\t ! #a/ ( ,may4 ,x is danc$ by m5 only2 !y trot at sunrise along ! ea/ side ( a cornfield select$ by ! %aman1 go+ 9 s+le file ) _! rattles & little tamb\r9es or pray] drums1 :ile a "y maid5 goes into ! field & plants a few gra9s f a p]fect e> h&$ to h] by ! ,hon\rable ,wom5 7wom5 :o h borne sons74 ,if ! h>ve/ ( ! ye> be=e 0 scant ! danc]s may g entirely r\nd ! field4 ,aft]w>ds !re is "s eat+ & dr9k+1 b n an elaborate fea/4 ,=m]ly ! real plant+ ( ! field foll[$ ! c]emonial1 & no food 0 eat5 until ! wom5 _h f9i%$ plant+4 ,ano!r old cu/om 0 to h ! maid :o did ! plant+ giv5 a husb&1 :o w5t ) h] into ! field4 ,lat] a prophet _h a revelation t ?is cu/om %\ld cease4 ,! day is at ! pres5t "t a fav\rite "o = w$d+s4 ,b4 ,private ,magic4 ,individuals frequ5tly practise magic = private ends1 ( :i* ! objects to be atta9$ may be p]fectly legitimate or ev5 praisewor?y1 b m frequ5tly rec\rse is _h to magical practices = h>mful purposes4 ,folk rem$ies = sickness & pa9s are v frequ5tly ( a purely magical "*4 ,= example1 a common cure = w>ts is to rub !m ) a piece ( raw meat1 :i* mu/ !n be buri$2 z ! meat decays s w ! w>ts disappe>3 to be effective ! meat %\ld be /ol54 ,a woman 9 ,islay 0 cur$ ( too?a*e by a man driv+ a nail into ! upp] l9tel ( ! kit*5 door2 he told h] to keep x !re1 &1 %\ld x become loose at any "t1 to tap x a little ) a hamm] until x _h a grip1 & he assur$ h] %e w\ld be free f too?a*e4 ,%e nev] aga9 suff]$ f too?a*e 7#di1 #aeh74 ,any v>iety or comb9ation ( v>ieties ( sympa!tic magic may be employ$ 9 ! manufacture or practice ( love-*>ms2 frequ5tly !y are =tifi$ by ! subtle association ( sc5t4 ,d\btless c]ta9 sc5ts h a direct /imulat+ effect1 b1 ap>t f ?is1 %\ld any sc5t be def9itely worn :5 "y m5 wi% to attract girls1 !re c be no d\bt t ! sugge/ion w\ld t5d to act p[]fully ^u ! latt]1 & t #8girl-m$ic9e1' z ,i h he>d x call$1 w\ld ( itself be pot5t ev5 if o!r practices 7 n employ$4 ,i 0 told by a ,torres ,/raits isl&] t j z a snake t is 9 "o tree c1 by swall[+ its spittle1 make a bird t is 9 ano!r tree come to x1 s if a man *ews a c]ta9 m$ic9e & a girl sees him swall[+ ! infusion 9 8 saliva1 %e und]/&s :at ! man means & is con/ra9$ to g to him 7#bi1 v4 #cbh74 ,v>i\s in/ances ( nef>i\s magic h be5 giv5 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,a good example came "u my own obs]vation4 ,9 ,torres ,/raits !re is a v9e-l plant t loses its leaves at a c]ta9 season ( ! ye>1 & ! /em breaks up into jo9ts1 :i* (t5 be> a /rik+ resemblance to "s ( ! long bones ( ! human skeleton4 ,?is circum/ance l$ magicians to employ ^! /icks to make human be+s into simil> dri$ & %rivell$-up objects4 ,! dry segm5ts ( ! v9e 7 collect$ & ! magician gave ! "n ( "s "p ( ! body to ea* jo9t3 = example1 "o w\ld be call$ an #8arm1' ano!r a #8leg1' & s =?4 ,! magician cr\*$ l a fi%-eagle &1 imitat+ ! way t a bird te>s fle% (f bones1 ?rew ! segm5ts beh9d him )\t look+ r\nd4 ,if he left ! spot )\t turn+ r\nd to look at ! /icks ! pati5t w\ld die2 b if he did n wi% to proce$ to ?is extremity1 he turn$ & look$ at ! segm5ts1 & subsequ5tly he w\ld return & pick !m up & place !m toge!r & put #8m$ic9e' on !m1 & ! pati5t w\ld recov] 7#bi1 v4 #cbe74 ,! foll[+ acc\nt rec5tly publi%$ by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,gunn 7#bf1 #ih7 is s *>act]i/ic t ,i quote x ne>ly v]batim4 ,9 ,nor? ,au/ralia any "o c #8s+ magic1' ev5 lubras wom51 b ( c\rse ! wise old magic m5 d x be/4 ,x nev] fails ) !m1 p>ticul>ly if !y #8s+' & po9t "o ( ! special #8dea?-bones' or #8sacr$ /ones' ( ! tribe4 ,g5]ally a black fell[ goes away q by himself :5 he is #8s++ magic1' b v occasionally a few m5 jo9 toge!r1 z !y did 9 ! case ( #8,goggle ,eye4' ,:5 en\gh magic has be5 #8sung' into ! bone1 x is tak5 away to ! camp1 & v secretly po9t$ at ! unconsci\s victim4 ,! magic _s ( ! bone runs into ! man :o is po9t$ at1 & gradually kills him4 ,( c\rse ! man :o has be5 #8sung' mu/ be told someh[1 or he w n get a fright & die4 ,!re are _m ways ( manag+ ?is2 "o v good way is to put ! bone :]e he w be sure to f9d x1 9 8 dilly-bag1 or ne> 8 fire1 or ?r\gh ! h&le ( 8 spe>2 b ! man :o leaves ! bone ab\t mu/1 ( c\rse1 be v c>eful to de/roy 8 own tracks4 #8,goggle ,eye1' aft] he _h f\nd ! bones ly+ ab\t1 knew exactly :at 0 go+ to happ5 to him1 & ( c\rse x did4 ,8 ?roat got v sore1 & he grew s ?9 & weak t he c\ld h>dly /&4 ,a man c be cur$ by magic m5 *>m+ ! #8bone' away aga92 b #8,goggle ,eye' 0 old1 &1 :at 0 worse1 he 0 gett+ v cross1 & too fond ( ord]+ p ab\t1 s ! black fell[s ?\ght x w\ld be ! be/ plan n to cure him1 & a few m sneak$ away into ! bu% & #8sang' "s m bones1 & po9t$ !m at him to make q sure ab\t 8 dy+4 ,poor old #8,goggle ,eye' suff]$ dreadfully2 no native w\ld help him except 8 blood-bro!r1 because !y 7 afraid ( ! curse com+ to !m4 ,"s said !y w\ld l to help1 b t if !y made #8,goggle ,eye's' fire = him1 _! own w\ld nev] burn aga94 ,nobody c\ld ev5 c>ry 8 food to him4 ,soon aft]1 at #8f[l s+ out1' or cockcr[1 he di$4 ,,vi4 ,,magicians ,mo/ =ms ( magic c be p]=m$ by anybody provid$ he kn[s :at to d2 b !re are speciali/s 9 magic1 :o1 by u1 are v>i\sly t]m$ m$ic9e-m51 magicians1 sorc]]s1 wiz>ds1 wit*es1 wise wom51 & ! l4 ,_! lore is transmitt$ orally to _! disciples1 :o may or may n be _! own *ildr54 ,magical p[]s may be due to ! m]e accid5t ( bir?1 z = example 9 ! ,european belief 9 ! !rapeutic gifts ( ! sev5? son ( a sev5? son4 ,9 "s cases ! sorc]] has to und]go a rigor\s tra9+1 (t5 be+ subject$ to pa9ful or loa?some ordeals2 by ^! means ! weakl+s are elim9at$1 & ^? :o p]si/ h _! "* & =titude /r5g!n$1 & !y ga9 increas$ respect f _! fell[-m54 ,fur!r1 9 ,au/ralia & else:]e1 ! m$ic9e-man is n always a #8doctor'2 he may be a #8ra9-mak]1' #8se]1' or #8_s-m$ium1' or may practise "s special =m ( magic4 ,usually ! sorc]]s unite toge!r to =m a society1 :i* may atta9 great influ5ce among backw>d races4 ,accord+ to ,lel& 7#dc1 #aj71 #8!re is actually 9 ,tuscany a culture or wor%ip ( feti%es :i* are n ,ca?olic1 i4e4 ( /range /ones & _m curi\s relics4 ,b !re is a great deal ( my/]y & secrecy obs]v$ 9 all ?is cult4 ,x has its pr(essors2 m51 b mo/ly wom51 :o collect *>ms & spells1 & tea* !m to "o ano!r1 & hold meet+s2 t is1 !re is a k9d ( college ( wit*es & wiz>ds1 :i*1 = _m good reasons1 eludes obs]vation4' ,! old fai?1 z x is t]m$1 is pre-,*ri/ian1 b n actively anti-,*ri/ian4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,magical ,,practices ,! sup]ficial obs]v] is apt to reg>d ! m$ic9e-m5 or sorc]]s z *eats :o delib]ately humbug _! neighb\rs2 b x is probable t mo/ ( !m really believe !mselves to be possess$ ( occult or sup]normal p[]4 ,d\btless !y d _m ?+s = m]e effect1 9 ord] to enhance ! respect !y desire to h paid to !mselves p]sonally1 z well z to put ! subjects or spectators into a prop] frame ( m9d2 b ?is is precisely :at is delib]ately done by ! organis]s ( all c]emonies by all peoples4 ,d\btless1 also1 _m acts are p]=m$ :i* are int5d$ to impose ^u ! cr$ulity ( o!rs2 b ?is is a device :i* is n unkn[n among cultur$ p1 z1 = example1 ! liquefy+ ( ! blood ( ,/4 ,janu>ius 9 ,naples4 ,!re rema91 h[ev]1 a l>ge numb] ( ph5om5a1 :i* are z my/]i\s to !m z !y are to ! va/ majority ( mank9d1 & _m ( ^! are receiv+ ! att5tion ( psy*ologi/s ( ! pres5t day1 )\t _! significance be+ und]/ood4 ,mr4 ,podmore 7#ee1 #cgc7 is n afraid to say t #8_m ( ! alleg$ wond]s ( wit*craft & ( anci5t magic 9 g5]al1 :5 dis5tangl$ f ! accretions =m$ r\nd !m by popul> my? & sup]/ition1 pres5t a m>k$ resemblance to "s ( ! facts record$' 9 8 book4 ,! m5tal equilibrium ( _m backw>d peoples is v un/able1 al?\gh !y may n suff] f ! same d]angem5ts ( ! n]v\s sy/em t affect ! m highly civilis$ peoples4 ,to take an example or two ( ?is n]v\s in/ability1 ,ca/r5 obs]v$ long ago t if ! ,samoy$s 7 sitt+ ar\nd inside _! sk9 t5ts 9 ! ev5+1 & "s "o crept up & /ruck ! t5t1 half ( !m 7 likely to fall into cataleptic fits4 ,bogoras 7#e1 #db7 ref]s to ! well-kn[n ,arctic hy/]ia :i* is s widespread among ! ,yukaghir & ,lamut wom51 & to a less ext5t among ! ,*uk*ee1 ! ,russianis$1 & ev5 ! ,russian wom54 ,?is disease develops *iefly 9 ! =m ( an uncontrollable desire to repeat 9 a l\d voice ea* ^w spok5 by somebody else1 & to imitate e sudd5 ge/ure or action4 ,?is is ! same n]v\s disord] z ! widely spread ltah ( ,malaysia1 :i* has be5 s admirably describ$ by ,sir ,f4 ,a4 ,swett5ham 7#fh1 #fd74 ,! f>-rea*+ p[] ( sugge/ion has be5 p]haps ! mo/ pot5t factor 9 uphold+ magical practices1 especially :5 x is comb9$ ) hypnotism4 ,! hypnotic /ate1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 ?\gh ord9>ily produc$ by ano!r1 c be self-induc$ by gaz+ at an object4 ,!re is an ov]:elm+ numb] ( mod]n in/ances ( bad habits1 v>i\s diseases1 inflammations1 local & g5]al pa91 insomnia1 neura/h5ia1 psy*ic p>alysis1 & psy*ic hy/]ia1 be+ cur$ by sugge/ion :ile ! pati5t is 9 ! hypnotic /ate 7#ca1 #fjg74 ,conv]sely pa91 inflammations1 & o!r organic *anges c be produc$ ?r\gh ! same means2 su* is ! explanation ( ! appe>ance ( /igmata on ! h&s & feet ( religi\s ec/atics1 :o _h induc$ auto-hypnotism by int5tly gaz+ on ! ,figure on ! ,cross4 ,! cataleptic & an/hetic conditions producible by hypnotism are well kn[n all ov] ! _w1 & h = ages be5 "p ( ! /ock-9-trade ( sorc]]s1 m$ic9e-m51 or ( c]ta9 religi\s en?usia/s4 ,sugge/ion alone1 )\t ! aid ( hypnotism1 c effect wond]s1 & fai?-cures & ,*ri/ian sci5ce are by no means a new ?+ "u ! sun1 b some?+ v old "u new names4 ,probably e physician has kn[n cases ( #8p]sons :o di$ because !y did n want to live or 7 at lea/ indiff]5t2 & probably an equal numb] :o mat]ially l5g!n$ _! lives by ! m]e det]m9ation n to die' 7#fg1 #fab74 #8,! psy*ology ( ! matt]1' writes ,m>ett 7#ea1 #adc71 #8is up to a c]ta9 po9t simple en\gh4 ,j z ! savage is a good actor1 ?r[+ himself l a *ild into 8 mime1 s he is a good spectator1 ent]+ into ! _s ( ano!r's act+1 h]e9 aga9 resembl+ ! *ild1 :o c be fright5$ into fits by ! ro> ( :at he kn[s to be b a 8pret5d$0 lion4 ,ev5 if ! make-believe is m or less make-believe to ! victim1 x is h>dly less efficaci\s2 =1 dom9at+1 z x t5ds to d1 ! field ( att5tion1 x racks ! emotional sy/em1 &1 tak+ advantage ( ! relative abeyance ( intellig5t ?\ght & w1 sets /irr+ all mann] ( deep-ly+ impulses & automatisms4' ,all peoples h prohibitions ( c]ta9 k9ds1 & mo/ h a firm belief t %\ld ^! tabus be brok5 dire consequ5ces w befall ! (f5d]4 ,occasionally ! puni%m5t is effect$ by ! social executive1 ?r\gh repres5tatives ( secret societies or by o!r means2 b usually x is left 9 ! h&s1 s to speak1 ( ! outrag$ spiritual p[]s1 & s /rong is ?is belief t x drees its own weird4 ,= example1 ,fa!r ,m]olla 7#ed1 xvi4 #bch7 tells ( a "y ,congo negro :o1 be+ on a j\rney1 lodg$ at a fri5d's h\se2 ! latt] got a wild h5 = 8 breakfa/1 & ! "y man ask$ if x 7 a wild h54 ,8 ho/ repli$ #8,no4' ,!n he fell on he>tily1 & aft]w>ds proce$$ on 8 j\rney4 ,aft] f\r ye>s ^! two met toge!r aga91 & 8 old fri5d ask$ him #8,if he w\ld eat a wild h51' to :i* he answ]$ t x 0 taboo$ to him4 #8,h]eat ! ho/ began imm$iately to laugh1 inquir+ ( him1 8,:at made him refuse x n[1 :5 he _h eat5 "o at 8 table ab\t f\r ye>s ago80 ,at ! he>+ ( ?is ! negro imm$iately fell a-trembl+1 & suff]$ himself to be s f> possess$ ) ! effects ( imag9ation t he di$ 9 less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft]4' ,armit 7#b1 #dei7 relates t an ,au/ralian di$ ( fright )9 a =tnight aft] he _h discov]$ 8 sick wife _h la9 ^u 8 blanket4 ,n[h]e is ! p[] ( taboo great] ?an among ! ,polynesians4 ,& examples ( its pot5cy 9 procur+ its own fulfilm5t 9 ! ,h]oic ,age ( ,irel& h already be5 giv5 7p4 #bi74 ,no wond] !n t belief 9 ! magical p[]s ( sorc]]s c cause ! same effects4 ,messrs4 ,sp5c] & ,gill5 7#fd1 #ecg7 /ate t ! ,au/ralian natives believe t any bone1 /ick1 spe>1 etc41 :i* has be5 #8sung' is suppos$ to be end[$ ) :at ! natives call ,arungquil?a1 t is1 magical poison\s prop]ties1 & any native :o believes t he has be5 /ruck by1 say1 a *>m$ spe>1 is almo/ sure to die1 :e!r ! w\nd be slight or sev]e1 unless he be sav$ by ! c\nt] magic ( a m$ic9e-man4 ,he simply lies d[n1 refuses food1 & p9es away4 ,actual in/ances are giv5 ( m5 ) slight w\nds dy+ 9 a few days f ?is belief4 ,!re c be no d\bt t magical practices c act by sugge/ion ?r\gh fe> & fasc9ation ^u human victims :o are aw>e ( _! occurr5ce1 & x is probable t 9 mo/ cases ! victim is made aw>e ( su* practices z 9 ! in/ance giv5 on p4 #di4 ,also !re is e reason to believe t all backw>d peoples1 includ+ ! sorc]]s !mselves1 believe 9 ! p[] ( magic4 ,casalis 7#aj1 #bge7 gives an in/ructive in/ance 9 po9t4 ,a *ief ( ! ,basutos once held =? 9 8 pres5ce on ! matt] ( sorc]y3 he said1 #8,sorc]y only exi/s 9 ! m\?s ( ^? :o speak ( x4 ,x is no m 9 ! p[] ( man to kill 8 fell[ by ! m]e effect ( 8 w1 ?an x w\ld be to raise him f ! dead4 ,?is is my op9ion4 ,nev]!less1 y sorc]]s :o he> me speak1 use mod]ation4' ,probably m widely spread ?an is usually accept$ is ! belief ( "s backw>d peoples1 & !re=e ( _! magicians1 9 a spiritual =ce t accompli%es _! desires2 su*1 = example1 z ! mana ( ! ,melanesians4 #8,! ,melanesian m9d1' writes ,dr4 ,codr+ton 7#ab1 #aah71 #8is entirely possess$ by ! belief 9 a sup]natural p[] or influ5ce1 call$ almo/ univ]sally mana4 ,?is is :at works to effect ev]y?+ :i* is beyond ! ord9>y p[] ( man1 outside ! common processes ( nature2 x is pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e ( life1 atta*es itself to p]sons & to ?+s1 & is manife/$ by results :i* c only be ascrib$ to its op]ation4 ,:5 "o has got x he c use x & direct x1 b its =ce may break =? at "s new po9t2 ! pres5ce ( x is asc]ta9$ by pro(4 ,a man comes by *ance ^u a /one :i* takes 8 fancy2 its %ape is s+ul>1 x is l some?+1 x is c]ta9ly n a common /one1 !re mu/ be mana 9 x4 ,s he argues ) himself1 & he puts x to ! pro(2 he lays x at ! root ( a tree to ! fruit ( :i* x has a c]ta9 resemblance1 or he buries x 9 ! gr\nd :5 he plants a g>d52 an abundant crop on ! tree or 9 ! g>d5 %[s t he is "r1 ! /one is mana1 has t p[] 9 x4 ,hav+ t p[]1 x is a vehicle to convey mana to o!r /ones4 ,9 ! same way c]ta9 =ms ( words1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a song1 h p[] = c]ta9 purposes2 a *>m ( words is call$ mana4 ,b ?is p[]1 ?\gh itself imp]sonal1 is always connect$ ) "s p]son :o directs x2 all spirits h x1 gho/s g5]ally1 "s m54 ,if a /one is f\nd to h a sup]natural p[] x is because a _s has associat$ itself ) x4 ,a dead man's bone has ) x mana1 because ! gho/ is ) ! bone2 a man may h s close a connection ) a _s or gho/ t he has mana 9 himself also1 & c s direct x z to effect :at he desires4 ,all conspicu\s success is a pro( t a man has mana2 8 influ5ce dep5ds on ! impression made on ! p's m9d t he has x4' ,if a man has be5 successful 9 fight+1 x is n ?r\gh 8 own qualities1 b #8he has c]ta9ly got ! mana ( "s deceas$ w>rior to emp[] him1 convey$ 9 an amulet ( a /one r\nd 8 neck1 or a tuft ( leaves 9 8 belt1 9 a too? hung ^u ! f+] ( 8 b[ h&1 or 9 ! =m ( words ) :i* he br+s sup]natural assi/ance to 8 side4' ,! ,omaha 7#ai7 believe t a man's own w c act directly on 8 fell[s by s++ c]ta9 songs2 ?is act is call$ wazh9-dh$he1 t is #8directive en]gy1 to s5d'2 ! ,omaha t]m #8signifies to s5d =? "o's ?\ght & w p[] t[>d ano!r 9 ord] to supplem5t 8 /r5g?1 & !reby affect 8 action1' or1 z we %\ld t]m x1 telepa?y4 ,by an appeal to ,wak&a 7t is #8imman5t life manife/ 9 all ?+s1' or ! #8hidd5 & my/]i\s p[] :i* br+s to pass'71 9 ! rite ( vision1 ! man's p[]s c\ld be supplem5t$ by ! co-op]ation ( ! elem5ts & ( animals4 ,! innate spirituality ( ! savage appe>s to be l>gely ignor$ by /ud5ts1 :o usually dub ! magic work] z a consci\s *eat & humbug1 :]eas x seems to be m correct to reg>d him z deal+ ) mat]ial objects ma9ly z end[$ ) life 7,animism2 #ej1 #aga71 or z ! vehicles ( spiritual or sup]natural p[]1 & by means ( su* objects or by ! %afts ( spee* he c effectively project 8 w4 ,if !n1 z ,mr4 ,m>ett po9ts out 7#ea1 #aej71 ! occult projectiv5ess ( ! magical act is naturally & almo/ inevitably int]pret$ z an ex]tion ( w t someh[ f9ds its way to ano!r w & dom9ates x1 ! spell or utt]$ #8mu/' w t5d to embody ! v life & s\l ( ! affair4 ,no?+ f9ds its way home to ano!r's m9d m %>ply4 ,x is ! v type ( a spiritual projectile4 ,9 _m examples ( magical proc$ure ! magician appe>s to act directly ^u nature1 & seeks to en=ce ! action ( 8 w by ! p[] ( ! spok5 ^w or spell4 ,9 o!r cases he obta9s p[] f en]gy d]iv$ f some?+ outside ( himself2 = example1 ! %aman ( ,sib]ia may be possess$ by a _s1 or ! magician may ev5 be possess$ by a god4 ,?us by ins5sible /ages d we arrive at actions t may bett] be describ$ z religi\s or !urgic ?an z magical4 ,num]\s examples ( transition /ages are giv5 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat 7#fc74 ,! god-inspir$ magician may become an actual deity1 = _m royal magicians1 :o are m especially ra9-mak]s1 are reg>d$1 z ,dr4 ,fraz] has rec5tly po9t$ out1 z inc>nate gods 9 ,africa & else:]e 7#ba74 ,concurr5tly ) ideas ( p]sonification & progressive deification ! spell evolves into pray]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 p[] may be obta9$ ov] deities by practices t are ess5tially magical1 z1 = example1 by utt]+ ! ineffable "n1 or by spells & incantations1 & ^! may at ! same "t be associat$ ) pray]1 or ! pray] itself may deg5]ate into a spell4 ,h[ev] x may be ) human be+s1 few culture-folk w admit t sorc]]s c effect ! ord9>y ph5om5a ( nature1 & 9 ?is respect1 at all ev5ts1 !y %\ld soon become discr$it$4 ,on "o occasion 9 ,murray ,isl&1 ,torres ,/raits1 a native %[$ me two /ones 9 a recess on ! =e%ore :i* 7 po9t$ at by m5 hold+ c]ta9 leaves :i* 7 left !re4 ,a #8big w9d' w\ld imm$iately arise :i* la/$ until ! plants 7 remov$4 ,?is zogo 0 employ$ only 9 ! season ( ! ,s\?-ea/ trade w9d4 ,on my ask+ :e!r ! c]emony 0 done 9 ! ,nor?-we/ monsoon1 my in=mant said emphatically1 #8,c't d x 9 ,nor?-we/4' ,t is1 ! *>m is p]=m$ only at t season ( ! ye> :5 ! requir$ result is possible--inde$1 :5 x is ( normal occurr5ce 7#bh1 #fj2 #bi1 vi47 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r cases1 ,i f\nd t ! impossible 0 nev] attempt$4 ,a ra9 *>m w\ld n be made :5 !re 0 no expectation ( ra9 com+1 or a s\?-ea/ w9d be rais$ dur+ ! wrong season4 ,probably ?is is ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs else:]e1 & ?us x is n rem>kable if ! desir$ result frequ5tly foll[s ! p]=mance ( ! *>m+4 ,a loophole is g5]ally provid$ 9 case ( failure4 ,ei!r "s irregul>ity or mi/ake occurr$ 9 ! p]=mance ( ! *>m1 or ano!r sorc]] 0 p]=m+ contr>y magic :i* prov$ ( great] pot5cy4 ,,feti%ism ,i4 ,,def9ition ,! ^w ,feti%ism has be5 s misus$ ( late t e?nologi/s are apt to view x askance & hesitate to employ x 9 religi\s classifications4 ,x has be5 /ret*$ to su* an ext5t 9 v>i\s directions t x has lo/ ! def9ition & precision necess>y = a sci5tific t]m4 ,/>t+ f a humble orig91 ref]r+ 9 its native l& 7,portugal7 to ! *>ms & amulets worn #8= luck1' & to relics ( sa9ts1 #8feti%' grew to su* amaz+ proportions :5 transplant$ to ,we/ ,african soil1 t at la/ !re 0 no?+ connect$ ) ,we/ ,african religion to :i* x 0 n appli$4 ,de ,brosses introduc$ ,fti*isme z a g5]al descriptive t]m 7#h71 suppos+ ! ^w to be connect$ ) *ose fe1 fatum4 ,comte#a employ$ x to describe ! univ]sal religi\s t5d5cy to :i* ,dr4 ,tylor has giv5 ! "n ( ,animism 7#ga1 *aps4 xi4-xvii474 ,ba/holm claim$ #8ev]y?+ produc$ by nature or art1 :i* receives div9e hon\r1 includ+ ! sun1 moon1 e>?1 air1 fire1 wat]1 ) riv]s1 trees1 /ones1 images & animals1 consid]$ z objects ( div9e wor%ip1 z ,feti%ism2#b & ,lipp]t 7#df7 def9es ,feti%ism z #8a belief 9 ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ com+ to dwell 9 any ?+ t is tangible or visible 9 heav5 or e>?4' ,al?\gh ,miss ,k+sley 7#ci1 #aci7 expresses regret t ! ^w ,feti% #8is gett+ v loosely us$ 9 ,engl&1' %e sc>cely helps =w>d ! "w ( di/9ction & arrangem5t :5 a few l9es fur!r on %e ann\nces #8,:5 ,i say ,feti%1 or ,ju ,ju1 ,i mean ! religion ( ! natives ( ,we/ ,africa4' ,subsequ5tly %e ov]/epp$ h] own def9ition1 describ+ ! secret societies z #8pure feti%' 7#da1 #aci71 al?\gh !y #8are n ess5tially religi\s1' b #8are ma9ly judicial4' ,! ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,nassau p]petuates ?is vague use ( ! ^w1 gr\p+ "u ! "n ( ,feti%ism all native cu/oms ev5 remotely connect$1 z ev]y?+ is 9 ,we/ ,africa1 ) religi\s or magical beliefs1 until ! ejaculation utt]$ :5 "o sneezes or /umbles receives ! s\nd+ title1 #8feti% pray]' 7#ec1 #ig74 ,^! #8lump+s' are all ! m to be regrett$ s9ce ,miss ,k+sley & ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,nassau are among ! *ief au?orities on ,we/ ,african ,feti%ism 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic =ms1 & a cle> def9ition ( ! use ( ! ^w1 ) a rigid adh]5ce to its prop] mean+1 w\ld h done great s]vice 9 prev5t+ _m misconceptions4 ,! mean+ ( any ^w dep5ds ^u its def9ition1 & x may be def9$ 9 ?ree ways3 #a4 etymologically2 #b4 hi/orically2 #c4 dogmatically4 #a4 ,! ^w feti% is d]iv$ ?r\gh ! ,portuguese feitio f ! ,lat9 facticius--fac]e to d4 ,?is %[s ! orig9al conception at ! root ( ! ^w4 #b4 ,! hi/orical def9ition %[s ! gr[? or evolution ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 />t+ f its orig9al conception4 ,dr4 ,tylor has po9t$ out h[ magic has appropriat$ to itself ! d]ivatives ( #8to d1' su* z feitio 9 ,portuguese1 fattura 9 ,italian1 faiture 9 ,old ,fr5*1 & _m m1 ?us claim+ to be #8do+' p> excell5ce 7#gj1 #ace74 ,?is t5d5cy is already noticeable ev5 9 classical times 7#8pot5s et factiosus1' possess$ ( p[] & influ5ce1 ,auct4 ,h]4 #b1 #bf1 #dj71 & is well m>k$ 9 ,plautus1 :o uses v>i\s d]ivatives ( fac]e to mean #8p[]ful' or #8influ5tial1' especially ) ref]5ce to influ5ce due to family connection or to ri*es 7factiones1 ,aul4 ,,ii4 i4 #de2 factiosus1 ib4 ,,ii4 ii4 #ej2 factio1 ,ci/4 ,,ii4 i4 #ag1 etc474 ,f ?is s5se ( pot5t politically1 lat] ,lat9 develop$ ! mean+ ( pot5t magically1 z se5 9 factur>i1 to bewit*1 factura1 wit*craft1 f :i* latt] is desc5d$ ! ,old ,fr5* faiture1 wit*craft1 & p]haps our slang ^w #8fake4' ,feti% z d]iv$ f ! passive =m facticius1 mean+ made by art1 artificial1 0 probably fir/ appli$ to images1 idols or amulets made by h&1 & lat] includ$ all objects possess+ magical pot5cy1 i4e4 bewit*$ or #8fak$4'#c #c4 ,! dogmatic def9ition ( a ^w is ! mean+ atta*$ to x by individuals ( au?ority4 ,feti%ism is def9$ z #8! wor%ip ( inanimate objects1' ! wor%ip ( /ocks & /ones1 #8! religi\s wor%ip ( mat]ial objects' 7#fa1 #fa71 #8tangible & inanimate objects wor%ipp$ = !mselves alone' 7#ae1 #aif71 & a feti% is def9$ z #8diff]+ f an idol 9 t x is wor%ipp$ 9 its own "*1 n z ! symbol1 image1 or occasional resid5ce ( a deity' 7,new ,engli% ,diction>y1 ,ox=d1 ,cl>5don ,press1 #aija74 ,! acc\nt ( ! native ( ,fida giv5 by ,bosman 7#ed1 xvi4 #dic7 is (t5 quot$ z ! classic example ( feti%ism3-- #8,i once ask$ a negro ) :om ,i c\ld talk v freely 444 h[ !y celebrat$ _! div9e wor%ip1 & :at numb] ( gods !y _h2 he1 laugh+1 answ]$ t ,i _h puzzl$ him2 & assur$ me t nobody 9 ! :ole c\ntry c\ld give me an exact acc\nt ( x4 8,=1 z = my own "p1 ,i h a v l>ge numb] ( gods1 & d\bt n b t o!rs h z _m40 8,= any ( u be+ resolv$ to und]take any?+ ( importance1 we fir/ ( all se>* out a god to prosp] our design$ und]tak+2 & go+ out ( doors ) ! design1 take ! fir/ creature t pres5ts itself to our eyes1 :e!r dog1 cat1 or ! mo/ contemptible creature 9 ! _w = our god3 or p]haps in/ead ( t1 any inanimate t falls 9 our way1 :e!r a /one1 a piece ( wood1 or any?+ else ( ! same nature4 ,?is new-*os5 god is imm$iately pres5t$ ) an (f]+1 :i* is accompani$ by a solemn v[1 t if x please? him to prosp] our und]tak+s1 = ! future we w always wor%ip & e/eem him z a god4 ,if our design prove successful1 we h discov]$ a new & assi/+ god1 :i* is daily pres5t$ ) a fre% (f]+2 b if ! contr>y happ51 ! new god is reject$ z a useless tool1 & consequ5tly returns to 8 primitive e/ate40 8,we make & break our gods daily1 & consequ5tly are ! ma/]s & inv5tors ( :at we sacrifice to40' ,bosman goes on to say3-- #8,i 0 v well pleas$ to he> ! negro talk 9 ?is mann] conc]n+ 8 c\ntry gods2 b1 hav+ conv]s$ ) him = "s "t1 ,i obs]v$ t he ridicul$ 8 own c\ntry gods1 =1 hav+ liv$ among/ ! ,fr5*1 ^: language he p]fectly und]/ood & spoke1 he _h among/ !m imbib$ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & some:at t[>ds a j notion ( ! true ,god & h[ he is to be wor%ipp$1 444 :]e=e he no fur!r conc]n$ himself ) ! gods ( ! c\ntry ?an z engag$ to x = quietness' sake1 or to make 8 fri5ds easy4' ,a sceptic is sc>cely likely to give a sympa!tic report ( a religion he has disc>d$1 & ,bosman's negro is no exception to ! rule4 ,he describes ! outw>d tangible aspect ( feti%ism1 b ignores its spiritual int]pretation1 & ! dogmatic def9itions above foll[ 9 ! same pa? ( error4 ,feti%ism & ! feti%1 z ?us def9$1 d n exi/1 except 9 #8incomplete obs]vations'2 !y c]ta9ly are n[h]e to be f\nd 9 ,we/ ,africa1 ! typical l& ( feti%ism4 #8,e native ) :om ,i h conv]s$ on ! subject1' writes ,ellis1 #8has laugh$ at ! possibility ( x be+ suppos$ t he c\ld wor%ip or (f] sacrifice to "s su* object z a /one1 :i* ( itself x w\ld be p]fectly obvi\s to 8 s5ses 0 a /one only & no?+ m' 7#ae1 #aib74 ,s ! ,maori wakapakoko 7 only ?\ght to possess virtue or peculi> sanctity f ! pres5ce ( ! god !y repres5t$ :5 dress$ up = wor%ip2 at o!r times !y 7 reg>d$ only z bits ( ord9>y wood 7#fi1 #bab71 & ,br9ton affirms t #8n[h]e 9 ! _w did man ev] wor%ip a /ick or a /one z su*' 7#f1 #aca74 ,all cases ( ,feti%ism1 :5 exam9$1 %[ t ! wor%ip is paid to an intangible p[] or _s incorporat$ 9 "s visible =m1 & t ! feti% is m]ely ! l9k betwe5 ! wor%ipp] & ! object ( 8 wor%ip4 ,any def9ition !re=e :i* takes no acc\nt ( ! spiritual =ce beh9d ! mat]ial object is se5 to be incomplete & sup]ficial1 z x ignores ! ess5tial conception ( ! wor%ip4 ,dr4 ,tylor enl>ges ! scope ( ! ^w1 class+ ,feti%ism z a subord9ate dep>tm5t ( ,animism1 & def9+ x z ! doctr9e ( spirits embodi$ 91 or convey+ influ5ce ?r\gh1 c]ta9 mat]ial objects4 ,he includes 9 x ! wor%ip ( /ocks & /ones1 #8& !nce x passes by an imp]ceptible gradation into idolatry' 7#ga1 ii4 #add74 ,x is ^! imp]ceptible gradations :i* blur all ! outl9es ( ! rigid sy/emati/1 & make an exclusive classification impossible4 ,enc\ragem5t is f\nd 9 ! reflection t exclusive classifications are almo/ unkn[n to sci5ce1 &1 :]e met )1 are g5]ally due to ignorance1 wait+ = great] k or fur!r rese>* to provide ! int]m$iate l9ks :i* ev]y:]e bl5d class ) class1 species ) species4 ,b :5 ! gr\p is /udi$ 9 its area ( *>act]isation1 c]ta9 features /& prom95tly =w>d1 & by a /udy ( ^! ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ! :ole class c be det]m9$4 ,,ii4 ,,ess5tial ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,feti%ism ,! *>act]i/ic features ( feti%ism1 & p>ticul>ly ( ,we/ ,african feti%ism1 are z foll[s3-- ,! feti% may consi/ ( any object :atsoev]1 b ! object *os5 is g5]ally ei!r a wond]ful ornam5t or curiosity1 a symbolic *>m ) sympa!tic prop]ties1 or a sign or tok5 repres5t+ an ideal notion or be+4 ,x is cr$it$ ) my/]i\s p[]1 ow+ to its be+1 tempor>ily or p]man5tly1 ! vessel or habitation1 vehicle = communication1 or in/rum5t ( "s unse5 p[] or _s1 :i* is conceiv$ to possess p]sonality & w1 & ability to see1 he>1 und]/&1 & act4 ,x may act by ! w or =ce ( its own p[] or _s1 or by =ce ( a =eign p[] ent]+ x or act+ on x f )\t1 & ! mat]ial object & ! p[] or _s may be dissociat$4 ,x is wor%ipp$1 pray$ to1 sacrific$ to1 talk$ )1 & pett$ or ill-treat$ ) reg>d to its pa/ or future behavi\r4 ,9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic =m a feti% mu/ be consecrat$ by a prie/4 #a4 ,a feti% may be any object :atsoev]1 b !re is always a reason = its *oice4 ,! simple/ reason is t x attracts att5tion 7#fa1 #fa7 7#ga1 ii4 #ade71 & any?+ t attracts att5tion at once acquires an exagg]at$ value1 & appeals to t natural in/9ct ( human nature1 f\nd also among "s birds & animals1 ! love = collect+4 #8,9 ! love ( abnormal curiosities !re %[s itself a crav+ = ! m>vell\s1 an endeav\r to get free f ! t$i\s s5se ( law & uni=mity 9 nature' 7#ga1 ii4 #ade74 ,s ! feti% consi/s ( a que]-%ap$ /one1 a bright bead1 a /ick1 p>rots' fea!rs1 a root1 claw1 se$1 bone1 or any curi\s or conspicu\s object4 ,9 ,b59 !y take ev]y?+ :i* seems extraord9>y 9 nature = a god1 & make (f]+s to him1 & ea* is 8 own prie/1 9 ord] to wor%ip 8 gods 9 :at mann] pleases him be/ 7#ed1 xvi4 #ecj74 ,or ! object may h attract$ att5tion by its behavi\r4 ,a visitor to a feti% hut took up a /one ab\t z big z a h5's egg1 & its own] told its hi/ory4 #8,he 0 once go+ out on important bus9ess1 b cross+ ! ?re%old he trod on ?is /one & hurt himself4 ,ha1 ha6 ?\ght he1 art ?\ "h8 ,s he took ! /one1 & x help$ him ?r\gh 8 und]tak+ = days' 7#ga1 ii4 #aeh74 ,sometimes ! object to be *os5 is reveal$ to a man 9 a dream1 z among ! natives ( ! ,gold ,coa/1 :]e a dead relation w return to direct a man to g to a c]ta9 spot & !re select a c]ta9 /one1 or piece ( a tree1 :i* he is to br+ home ) him1 & gu>d & rev]5ce z ! habitation ( a protect+ deity 7#ae1 #ij74 ,?is connects ! feti% ) ! gu>dian spirits ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 :i* appe> to "y m5 9 dreams1 or visions1 aft] pray] & fa/+4 ,! vision g5]ally takes ! =m ( "s tangible object1 (t5 an animal1 a portion ( :i* is pres]v$ by ! man z 8 mo/ preci\s possession1 & if n1 "s concrete =m is tak5 to repres5t ! subject ( ! vision4 ,a gu>dian _s diff]s1 h[ev]1 f a feti%1 9 t x is a life-long possession1 "s m5 are n privileg$ to obta9 "o1 & no man c\ld possess m ?an "o2 :ile any man c\ld obta9 a feti%1 & c\ld disc>d "o & adopt ano!r if x prov$ to be unavail+4 #b4 ,x consi/s ( a symbolic *>m ) sympa!tic prop]ties4 #8,!re is a relation betwe5 ! select$ sub/ances & ! object to be obta9$3 to give ! possessor brav]y or /r5g?1 "s "p ( a leop>d or an elephant2 to give cunn+1 "s "p ( a gazelle2 to give wisdom1 "s "p ( a human bra92 to give c\rage1 "s "p ( a he>t2 to give influ5ce1 "s "p ( an eye1' etc4 etc4 #8,^! sub/ances are suppos$ to lure "s _s 7be+ 9 "s way pleas+ to x7 :i* !nce=w>d is satisfi$ to reside 9 !m & to aid ! possessor 9 ! accompli%m5t ( "s specific wi%' 7#ec1 #hb74 ,= conv5i5ce ( c>riage ^! sub/ances are put into snail-%ells1 nut-%ells1 or ! small horns ( gazelles1 or ( goats1 & ! :ole !n =ms ! feti%4 ,bosman describes ! way 9 :i* a feti%1 consi/+ ( a pipe fill$ ) v>i\s sub/ances1 0 g5]ally made on ! ,gu9ea ,coa/ 9 #agje4 #8,!y h a great wood5 pipe fill$ ) e>?1 oil1 blood1 bones ( dead m5 & bea/s1 fea!rs1 hair1 & to be %ort1 all sorts ( excrem5titi\s & fil?y tra%1 :i* !y d n endeav\r to m\ld into any %ape1 b lay x 9 a confus$ heap 9 ! pipe' 7#ed1 xvi4 #cih74 #8,human eyeballs1 p>ticul>ly ( :ite m51 are a great *>m4 ,?is1 ,i fancy1 is to secure ! man 8t lives 9 y\r eyes0 = ! s]vice ( ! village' 7#dj1 #cje74 ,sometimes !re is a tangible connection betwe5 ! object *os5 = ! feti% & ! _s occupy+ x4 ,?us among ! ,gold ,coa/ natives ! object :i* is ent]$ by ! subord9ate _s ( ,sasabonsum mu/ be tak5 f ! habitat ( a ,sasabonsum1 f a place1 t is1 :i* is m>k$ ) r$ e>?1 :]e ! r$ e>? m>ks ! blood ( ! victim ( a ,sasabonsum 7#ae1 #aji74 #c4 ,x may consi/ ( a sign or tok5 repres5t+ an ideal notion or be+1 & "h x is difficult to draw any di/9ction betwe5 feti%ism & idolatry1 #8= a small l9e & a few /reaks ( col\r may *ange a feti% into an idol' 7#fa1 #gg74 ,c]ta9ly ! l[] =ms ( idolatry pres5t ! aspect ( feti%ism1 b ! true feti% is n %ap$ to resemble ! _s x repres5ts1 & ! true idol is only ! symbol1 n ! vessel1 vehicle1 or in/rum5t ( deity4 ,at ! same "t1 an image may be wor%ipp$ z a feti%1 & reg>d$ z a mat]ial body provid$ = a _s2 or a feti%1 be+ reg>d$ m]ely z ! symbol or repres5tative ( a _s1 seems to develop ! e>lie/ =m ( idolatry 7#ga1 ii4 #afi74 ,! di/9ction lies 9 ! attitude ( m9d 9 :i* ! objects are wor%ipp$1 & no objective diff]5tiation is possible1 = ! object w be a feti% = "o wor%ipp] & a pure symbol ( a _s to ano!r4 ,/one wor%ip is (t5 pure feti%ism1 ! /one be+ reg>d$ z ! tangible sign or tok5 ( a _s or p[] to :i* wor%ip is address$4 ,b x advances beyond ! limits ( feti%ism if a g5]al _s1 or a god ( a community1 :ile wor%ipp$ 9 ! =m ( a /one1 is also believ$ to animate o!r objects4 ,! animat+ =ce ( a feti% mu/ be individual1 & _c animate m ?an "o object at a "t4 ,:5 ! spirits ( ! suhman *>ms 7#ae1 #ii7 are consid]$ to be individual spirits dep5d5t ^u ,sasabonsum !y are feti%es2 if ! _s ( ,sasabonsum 7 suppos$ to animate all ! suhman *>ms !y c\ld n prop]ly be call$ feti%es4 #d4 ,a feti% is cr$it$ ) my/]i\s p[]s ow+ to its be+ ! habitation1 tempor>y or p]man5t1 ( a spiritual be+4 ,?is s\nds l a def9ition ( ! pr9ciple ( animism1 & s x may be1 = feti%ism is animism1 se51 z x 71 f ! o!r end & se5 9 detail4 ,animism sees all ?+s animat$ by spirits2 feti%ism sees a _s incorporat$ 9 an individual object4 ,b !re is ?is di/9ction1 t ! _s :i* is believ$ to occupy ! feti% is a diff]5t conception f ! _s ( ! animi/ic !ory2 x is n ! s\l or vital p[] belong+ to ! object1 & inh]5t 9 x1 f :i* ! virtue is d]iv$1 b a _s or p[] attract$ to & incorporat$ 9 x1 :ile sep>able f x4 ,! _s ( ! feti% is also di/9ct f a god1 z x c animate "o object only1 :ile a god c manife/ 8 p[] 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,?us 9 ,bosman's acc\nt ( ! ,b59 feti% quot$ above1 he talks ( #8! pipe :]e ! idol is lodg$1' t is ! mat]ial habitation into :i* ! _s has be5 lur$ by "s means ( attraction4 ,miss ,k+sley1 describ+ a feti% or juju1 says #8x is n a doll or toy1 & has f> m aff9ity to ! image ( a sa9t1 inasmu* z x is n v5]at$ = itself1 or treasur$ because ( its prett9ess1 b only because x is ! resid5ce1 or ! occasional haunt1 ( a _s' 7#dj1 #bhg74 ,! mat]ial objects :i* =m ! tutel>y deities or ,bohsm ( ! natives ( ! ,gold ,coa/ are n symbols ( gods :i* usually reside else:]e2 ea* is ! actual receptacle or ord9>y abid+-place ( an indwell+ god4 ,"o may be a wood5 figure1 ano!r a /one1 a ?ird a cov]$ calaba% or an e>!n pot1 conta9+ a mixture ( blood & e>? 7#ae1 #hj74 ,! be/ example ( ?is class is provid$ by ! suhman4 ,! man :o wants a suhman takes "s objects1 x may be a rudely cut wood5 image1 or a /one1 a root ( a plant1 or "s r$ e>? plac$ 9 a pan1 & !n he calls on a _s ( ,sasabonsum 7#8a g5us ( deities1 e memb] ( :i* possesses id5tical *>act]i/ics'7 to ent] ! object prep>$1 promis+ x (f]+s & wor%ip4 ,if a _s cons5ts to take up its resid5ce 9 ! object a l[ hiss+ s\nd is he>d1 & ! suhman is complete4 ,x receives a small portion ( ! daily food ( its own]1 & is treat$ ) rev]5ce1 & ma9ly us$ to br+ evil on "s "o else 7#ae1 #ajj-aja74 #e4 ,sometimes ! feti% is m]ely ! vehicle or means by :i* ! _s communicates ) 8 wor%ipp]s1 & only acquires a tempor>y p]sonality :5 ?us inspir$4 ,?is is ! "* ( ! ,new ,zeal& feti%es1 wakapakoko1 or images4 #8,a small image 0 us$ ab\t #ah in*es long1 resembl+ a peg1 ) a c>v$ head4 ,! prie/ fir/ b&ag$ a fillet ( r$ p>rot fea!rs "u ! god's *91 :i* 0 call$ 8 pahau or be>d2 :5 ?is 0 done x 0 tak5 possession ( by ! atua1 ^: _s ent]$ x2 ! prie/ !n ei!r held x 9 ! h& & vibrat$ x 9 ! air1 :il/ ! p[]ful k>akia 7*>m1 pray]7 0 repeat$1 or he ti$ a piece ( /r+1 =m$ ( ! c5tre ( a flax leaf1 r\nd ! neck ( ! image & /uck x 9 ! gr\nd3 he sat at a little di/ance f x1 hold+ ! /r+ 9 8 h&1 & gave ! god a j]k to arre/ 8 att5tion' 7#fi1 #ahb74 ,^! ,maori feti%es #87 only ?\ght to possess virtue or peculi> sanctity f ! pres5ce ( ! god !y repres5t :5 dress$ up1 at o!r times !y 7 reg>d$ z bits ( ord9>y wood' 7#fi1 #bab74 ,! use ( ! words #8image' & #8god' seem to place ?is c]emony on a high] plane ?an feti%ism1 b ! #8god' is g5]ally ! _s ( an ance/or1 & ! #8image' is less a portrait ( a wor%ipp$ deity ?an an expression ( ! ,maori g5ius = wood-c>v+4 #f4 ,:ile ! conception ( ! feti% z ! vehicle ( communication betwe5 _s & wor%ipp] raises feti%ism to a high] plane 9 religi\s evolution1 ! conception ( ! feti% z an in/rum5t by :i* ! _s acts l[]s x to a /age :i* is n necess>ily religi\s at all1 to a /age :]e ! feti% is (t5 reg>d$ m]ely 9 ! light ( a *>m or an amulet4 ,?is is ! l[e/ & ! commone/ =m ( feti%ism2 x may practically be said to be univ]sal4 ,bosnian relates t ! ^w ,feti*e is *iefly us$ 9 a religi\s s5se1 or at lea/ is d]iv$ f !nce1 b #8all ?+s made 9 hon\r ( ^! false gods1 nev] s mean1 are call$ ,feti*e4' ,^! mat]ial *>ms are s common t by ! univ]sality ( _! use1 & ! prom95ce giv5 to !m ev]y:]e1 9 h\ses & on ! p]son1 !y almo/ monopolise ! religi\s ?\ght ( ! ,bantu negro1 subord9at+ o!r ackn[l$g$ po9ts ( 8 !ology1 dom9at+ 8 almo/ entire religi\s int]e/1 & giv+ ! dep>tm5tal ^w #8feti*' su* ov]:elm+ reg>d t x has furni%$ ! "n di/9ctive ( ! native ,african religi\s sy/em 7#ec1 #hj74 #8,! new-born infant has a heal?-knot ti$ ab\t 8 neck1 wri/s1 or lo9s1 & d[n to ! day ( olde/ age e "o keeps on multiply+ or r5ew+ or alt]+ ^! life talismans' 7#ec1 #he74 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d ?is =m ( feti% *>m describ$ by ,bosman at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 #8,! *ild is no soon] born ?an ! prie/ 7"h call$ ,feti*ee or ,confoe7 is s5t =1 :o b9ds a p>cel ( ropes & coral & o!r tra% ab\t ! head1 body1 arms1 & legs ( ! infant2 aft] :i* he exorcises1 accord+ to _! accu/om$ mann]1 by :i* !y believe x is arm$ aga9/ all sickness & ill accid5ts1 & d\btless ?is is z effectual z if done by ! ,pope himself' 7#ed1 xvi4 #chh74 ,fa!r ,m]olla1 a /ill e>li] travell]1 m5tions ^! *>ms f ! ,congo di/rict 7#afhb74 #8,! f\r? abuse is t :il/ _! *ildr5 are "y ^! p b9d !m ab\t ) c]ta9 sup]/iti\s cords made by ! wiz>ds1 :o likewise tea* !m to utt] a k9d ( spell :ile !y are b9d+ !m4 ,!y also at ! same "t hang ab\t !m bones & tee? ( div]s animals1 be+ pres]vatives1 z !y say1 aga9/ ! p[] ( any disease4 ,likewise !re are "s mo!rs s fooli% t !y w hang ,agnus ,deis1 m$als1 & relicks to ! a=esaid cords' 7#ed1 xvi4 #bcg74 #8,to rem$y ^! disord]s1 we h ?\ght prop] to issue =? ! foll[+ ord9ances3 ,t all mo!rs %\ld make ! cords !y b\nd _! infants ) ( palm leaves t _h be5 consecrat$ on ,palm ,sunday2 moreov] gu>d !m well ) o!r su* relicks z we are accu/om$ to make use ( at ! "t ( baptism' 7#ed1 xvi4 #bci74 ,^! feti% *>ms may be wor%ipp$ & reg>d$ z an?ropopa?ic1 :5 !y are true feti%es1 or !y may be m]ely #8lucky' ) no religi\s reg>d or spiritual int]pretation1 or !y may be any?+ betwe5 ! two extremes4 #g4 ,j z ! human body & s\l =m "o individual1 s ! mat]ial object & its occupy+ _s or p[] =m "o individual1 m vague p]haps1 b /ill ) _m attributes di/9ctively human4 ,x possesses p]sonality & w1 x has also _m human *>act]s4 ,x possesses mo/ ( ! human passions1 ang]1 rev5ge1 also g5]osity & gratitude2 x is )9 rea* ( influ5ce & may be b5evol5t1 h5ce to be deprecat$ & placat$1 & its aid enli/$ 7#ec1 #fb74 ,! objects us$ z feti%es by ! ,a9u1 /icks1 skulls ( animals1 claws1 paws1 mi/letoe1 /ones1 etc41 are all look$ ^u z animate1 ) a di/9ct life ( _! own1 ) p[] to protect _! wor%ipp]s 9 "t ( dang]1 heal !m :5 sick1 & bless !m ) g5]al prosp]ity 7#d1 #cge-f74 ,9 ?is *>act]i/ic1 9 ! possession ( p]sonality & w1 9 its mat]ial & spiritual duality1 a feti% diff]s f a *>m or an amulet z f an idol2 x is always #8an?ropopa?ic' 7#fa1 #fa74 #h4 ,! feti% may act by w or =ce ( its own prop] _s1 or by =ce ( a =eign _s1 ent]+ or act+ on x f )\t4 #8,beyond ! regul>ly recognis$ habitats ( ! spirits1 t may be call$ natural to !m1 any o!r location may be acquir$ by !m tempor>ily1 = long] or %ort] p]iods' 7#ec1 #fb74 ,:5 ! feti% acts by =ce ( its own prop] _s1 x is some?+ m ?an m]e ,animism 7v4 above1 p4 #gg74 ,x does n become a feti% by apply+ ! g5]al belief 9 s\ls to a special object1 b by a process :i* has be5 divid$ by ,s*ultze into f\r /ages 7#fb1 #bae-bbc73-- #a4 ,! value :i* an uncultur$ man attributes to any object is (t5 exagg]at$1 especially if ! object is 9 any way conspicu\s1 unusual1 or my/]i\s4 #b4 ,he attributes to x an an?ropopa?ic nature1 believ+ t all natural objects are l man1 ) human *>act]i/ics4 #c4 ,by ! causal connection ( ideas he associates ! object ) auspici\s or inauspici\s ev5ts1 :i* he believes x to influ5ce4 #d4 ,a belief 9 its p[] leads him to rev]5ce x1 & to attempt to conciliate & propitiate ! p[] by wor%ip4 ,z an example1 ! an*or ca/ up on ! bea* at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,keissi 7#de7 may be cit$3-- #a4 ,! an*or 0 an unusual object1 & 0 !re=e cr$it$ ) an exagg]at$ value & reg>d$ ) great int]e/4 #b4 ,x 0 believ$ to possess a life ( its own1 a s\l or _s1 some:at analog\s to man's4 #c4 ,a ,kaffir broke (f a piece ( ! an*or1 & he soon aft]w>ds di$4 ,! two ev5ts 7 associat$ ) "o ano!r1 & ! break+ ( ! an*or 0 believ$ to h caus$ ! dea?4 #d4 ,! p[] ( ! an*or-_s 0 ?us e/abli%$1 & ! natives wor%ipp$ x 9 fe> & hope4 ,?us ! feti% 0 evolv$4 ,b m commonly a _s is attract$ to ! object f )\t1 z 9 ! case ( ! suhman ( ! ,gold ,coa/1 :]e ! _s ( ! ,sasabonsum is invit$ into ! /one or o!r object prep>$ = x1 or z 9 ! mo/ usual type ( ,we/ ,african feti%1 :]e ! w&]+ _s becomes localis$ 9 an object by means ( ! c]emonies & conjur+s ( ! ,uganga or magic doctor 7#ec1 #ha74 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! diff]5t p[]s animat+ ! feti% are cle>ly di/+ui%able on ! ,gold ,coa/ 7#af1 #bge74 ,! ,t%i believe t ev]y?+ 9 nature is animat$2 t ev]y?+ n made ) h&s has an indwell+ _s1 possess+ p[]s b5eficial or prejudicial to man1 accord+ to :e!r x is propitiat$ or neglect$2 s ! m dang]\s spirits1 ^? ( riv]s1 m\nta9s1 rocks1 & %oals are wor%ipp$4 ,lat] on an image is made ( ! nature-god1 f mat]ial f 8 habitat1 & x is br\ght to a place m conv5i5t = ! wor%ipp]s1 & =ms _! tutel>y deity4 ,gradually 8 orig9 is =gott51 & ! nature-god becomes a feti%4 ,b besides ^! #8nature-gods' !re are #8gho/-gods4' ,! feti% may be animat$ by a #8gho/-god1' = ! p[] ( dead m5 lives on 9 _! gho/s2 sacrifices are made to !m1 & gho/-gods also develop into tutel>y deities4 ,p]haps ance/or-wor%ip & ,feti%ism may be m intimately relat$ ?an is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ 7#af1 #bhj74 ,! ,melanesians believe t ! s\ls ( ! dead act ?r\gh bones2 :ile ! indep5d5t spirits *oose /ones z _! m$iums 7#f1 #aca74 #i4 ,9 ! popul> view ( ,feti%ism ! mat]ial object 0 wor%ipp$ 9 its own "*1 b "o ( ! fundam5tal conceptions ( ! ,we/ ,african feti% is t ! _s & ! mat]ial object c be dissociat$1 & t1 al?\gh ! _s is tempor>ily incorporat$ 9 ! feti%1 yet ! two are no m insep>able ?an man's s\l & body4 ,! conception ( ! duality ( ev]y?+ lies at ! root ( all ! ,we/ ,african beliefs4 #8,ev]y?+ t he kn[s by means ( 8 s5ses he reg>ds z a two-fold entity--"p _s1 "p n _s1 or1 z we %\ld say1 matt]2 ! connection ( a c]ta9 _s ) a c]ta9 mass ( matt]1 he holds1 is n p]man5t4 ,he w po9t out to y a lightn+-/ruck tree1 & tell y its _s has be5 brok52 he w tell y1 :5 ! cook+-pot has be5 brok51 t x has lo/ its _s2 if 8 weapon fails1 x is because "s "o has /ol51 or made its _s sick by wit*craft4 ,9 e action ( 8 life he %[s y h[ mu* he lives ) a great p[]ful _s _w ar\nd him' 7#ci1 #ada74 ,:5 ! _s is #8dead' ! feti% has no fur!r value1 #8! little ?+ y kept ! _s 9 is no m use n[1 & only fit to sell to a :ite man z 8a big curio06' 7#dj1 #cjd-e74 ,b occasionally sanctity /ill cl+s to ! =m] dwell+ ( ! _s1 & x is us$ z a *>m1 ?\gh no long] wor%ipp$ z a feti%4 ,! ,mirrone1 a tree wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,congo region1 0 ! tutel> god ( ! dwell+1 & ! own]s plac$ calaba%es full ( palm-tree w9e at ! foot ( ! tree = ! _s to dr9k1 #8nor d !y d>e to tread ^u its leaves any m ?an we w\ld on ! holy cross4' ,b if x 7 damag$ 9 any way1 !y no long] wor%ipp$ x1 b !y /ripp$ (f ! b>k or r9d1 :i* 0 made into petticoats = ! wom51 to act z protect+ *>ms 7#ed1 xvi4 #bcf74 ,ow+ to ! possibility ( ! _s leav+ ! feti%1 x has to be te/$1 to see :e!r x really conta9s an indwell+ _s or no1 & ! natives ( ! ,gold ,coa/ put _! ,bohsum 9 ! fire z a probation4 ,if ! fire injures x 9 ! v lea/ degree1 x is n a true ,bohsum1 !re is no indwell+ _s 7#ae1 #ib74 ,sometimes ! _s is =cibly eject$ f 8 dwell+-place = a p>ticul> purpose4 ,soon aft] ,sir ,ri*>d ,burton _h arriv$ at ,dahom1 #8a feti% y\? made 8 appe>ance 9 ! ev5+1 knelt d[n be=e ! dome/ic alt>1 broke "s ( ! images1 & w5t away decl>+ t he _h call$ out ! feti%es1 & t ,i might aft] ! evocatio deorum d my wor/' 7#i1 i4 #bii74 #aj4 ,! feti% is wor%ipp$1 pray$ to1 sacrific$ to1 & talk$ )1 z a s5ti5t & will+ p]sonification ( ! _s or p[]4 ,examples ( sacrifices & pray]s & wor%ip (f]$ to ! feti%es are f\nd 9 all p>ts1 & _m in/ances h already be5 quot$4 ,(f]+s ( food & dr9k are plac$ be=e !m daily1 & sometimes a cock is sacrific$2 occasionally1 if ! wor%ipp]s are ri*1 a %eep is kill$1 #8:i* !y (f] up to ! gods 9 words alone1 = !y imm$iately fall ^u x & te> x to pieces ) _! f+]s' 7#ed1 xvi4 #djj74 ,! p]sonal int]e/ ( ! feti%es 9 ! affairs ( _! wor%ipp]s is se5 9 ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! dea? & burial ( ! ,fiote4 #8,:5 all are assembl$1 ! eld] addresses ! two family feti%es held by two ( ! family4 ,po9t+ & %ak+ 8 h& at !m1 he tells !m h[ ! deceas$ di$1 & all ! family has done to settle ! matt]2 he tells !m h[ !y h all[$ ! fa!r to be tak51 & prays !m to protect ! re/ ( ! family2 & :5 he has f9i%$ 8 address ! two :o hold ! feti%es pick up a little e>? & ?r[ x on ! heads ( ! feti%es1 !n1 lift+ !m up1 rub _! heads 9 ! e>? 9 front ( !m' 7#ac1 #ace74 #aa4 ,! feti% is pett$ or ill-treat$ ) reg>d to its pa/ or future behavi\r4 ,! _s is invit$ to ent] ! suhman *>m prep>$ = x by promises ( (f]+s & food 7#af1 #ajj71 & special (f]+s are made be=e emb>k+ on any great ent]prise4 ,b :5 conciliation fails1 ! own] sometimes has resort to =ce1 ?\gh ,colonel ,ellis /ates t 9 all 8 exp]i5ce ( ! natives ( ! ,gold ,coa/ he has nev] se5 or he>d ( any co]cion ( a feti% by ! natives1 & t ! idea ( co]cion is entirely =eign to _! m9ds 7#ae1 #aid74 ,! ,kafirs appe> to be h>%] 9 _! me?ods4 #8,! ,caffres play at a game ( *ance be=e _! idols1 &1 %\ld *ance be aga9/ !m1 kick & box _! idols2 b if1 aft] ?is correction1 on pursu+ _! exp]im5ts !y %\ld cont9ue unsuccessful1 !y burn ! h&s & feet ( !m 9 ! fire2 %\ld ill =tune /ill att5d !m1 !y ca/ ! idols on ! gr\nd1 tread !m "u foot1 da% !m ab\t ) su* =ce z to break !m to pieces4 ,"s1 inde$1 :o %[ great] v5]ation = ! images1 cont5t !mselves ) fett]+ & b9d+ !m until !y h obta9$ _! end2 b %\ld ?is n take place z e>ly z _! impati5ce looks =1 !y fa/5 !m to a cord & gradually let !m d[n into ! wat]1 ev5 to ! bottom1 ?us tru/+ to =ce !m to be propiti\s2 if aft] ?is good =tune %\ld n foll[1 ! idols are !n )drawn f ! wat]1 ! pati5ce ( ev5 ! mild] ,caffres becomes exhau/$1 & ! images are subject$ to ! grosse/ indignations' 7#ed1 xvi4 #fif74 ,! negro 9 ,gu9ea beats 8 feti% if 8 wi%es are fru/rat$1 & hides x 9 8 wai/-clo? :5 he is ab\t to d some?+ ( :i* he is a%am$ 7#ch1 #ia74 ,,iii4 ,,feti%ism ,,z ,a ,,=m ,,( ,,religi\s ,,wor%ip ,feti%ism is a /age ( religi\s developm5t associat$ ) a l[ grade ( consci\sness & ( civilisation1 & x =ms a basis f :i* _m o!r modes ( religi\s ?\ght h develop$1 s t x is difficult to po9t out :]e feti%ism ends & nature-wor%ip1 ance/or-wor%ip1 totemism1 poly!ism1 & idolatry beg91 or to di/+ui% betwe5 a feti%1 an idol1 & a deity4 ,x includes conceptions :i* are purely magical1 co]cion ( ! sup]natural by means ( natural objects2 & x also includes conceptions :i* p]si/ into high] =ms ( religion1 su* z ! wor%ip ( ! symbol ( an unse5 p[]4 ,x is an e>ly product ( ! primitive religi\s in/9ct ( humanity1 develop+ at a l[ grade ( culture among a p ( a highly imag9ative temp]am5t4 ,! fundam5tal religi\s feel+ :i* is ev]y:]e "p ( ! m5tal equipm5t ( man has be5 call$ by ,m>ett sup]naturalism1 & is p]haps be/ indicat$ 9 ,engli% by ! t]m awe1 9 :i* ^w are implicat$ fe>1 wond]1 admiration1 int]e/1 respect1 ev5 love1 p]haps4 ,! object ( ?is religi\s #8s5se1' or1 z _m w\ld call x1 #8in/9ct1' is ! sup]natural4 ,! recognition ( ! sup]natural1 ! fundam5tal religi\s feel+ ( awe1 develops 9 two ways4 #8,!re arises 9 ! region ( human ?\ght a p[]ful impulse to objectify1 & ev5 p]sonify1 ! my/]i\s or #8sup]natural' some?+ felt2 & 9 ! region ( w a correspond+ impulse to r5d] x innocu\s1 or1 bett] /ill1 propiti\s1 by =ce ( con/ra9t1 communion1 or conciliation' 7#ej1 #afh74 ,s man p]sonifies ! p[] :i* he _c und]/&1 call+ x by names :i* we translate z _s or god1 & he wor%ips x1 propitiat+ & conciliat+ x by (f]+s & sacrifice1 & ent]+ into communion ) x by pray]4 ,?us are produc$ ! two fundam5tal factors ( religion1 ! belief 9 "s my/]i\s p[]1 & ! desire to ent] into communication ) ! p[] by means ( wor%ip4 ,! wor%ip ( diff]5t gr\ps ( peoples expresses itself 9 diff]5t ways1 reflect+ ! m5tal type ( ! wor%ipp]s1 _! civilisation1 _! culture1 _! "* & temp]am5t4 ,! cold1 practical1 phlegmatic ,nor!rn]s wor%ip )9 b>e walls1 :ile ! f]v\r ( ! imag9ative ,s\? dem&s expression 9 an elaborate ritual1 ) ri*ness ( decoration1 w>m? ( col\r1 dim lights & s(t music4 ,! extraord9>ily vivid imag9ation & ! *ildlike capacity = #8make-believe' ( ! negro1 load him fur!r /ill2 ! lively fancy ( ! ,we/ ,african dem&s a visible object to :i* wor%ip may be direct$4 ,he wi%es really & s5sibly to behold & ev5 to possess 8 god1 s he incorporates him 9 a tangible object1 & satisfies 8 religi\s ard\r by direct+ 8 wor%ip to t object4 ,?us feti%ism & ! feti% are evolv$4 ,,footnotes #a ,philosophie ,positive4 #b ,hi/oris*e ,na*ri*t5 zur ,k5ntniss d] ,m5s*54 #c ,= ! ref]5ces to ! sugge/ive use ( ! ^w by ,plautus1 ,i am indebt$ to ,miss ,ra*el ,:ite ( ,newnham ,college4 ,,bibliography #a4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,mod]n ,judaism4 ,london3 ,hamilton1 #ahaf4 #b4 ,,armit1 ,w4 ,e4 #8,cu/oms ( ! ,au/ralian ,aborig9es4' ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 ix4 ,london1 #ahhj4 #c4 ,,arnot1 ,,fr$4 ,s4 ,g>5ganze1 or ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,pione] ,mission ,"w 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,london3 ,hawk9s1 #ahhi4 #d4 ,,bat*elor1 ,j4 ,! ,a9u & _! ,folk-,lore4 ,london3 ,religi\s ,tract ,society1 #aija4 #e4 ,,bogoras1 ,w4 #8,! ,*uck*ee4' ,! ,jessup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 vii4 7#a7 ,leid53 ,brill2 ,new ,york3 ,/a*]t1 #aijd4 #f4 ,,br9ton1 ,d4 ,g4 ,! ,religions ( ,primitive ,peoples4 ,new ,york3 ,putnams1 #ahig4 #g4 ---- ,! ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w2 a ,treatise on ! ,symbolism & ,my?ology ( ! ,r$ ,race ( ,am]ica 7#crd ,ed47 ,philadelphia3 ,m',kay1 #ahif4 #h4 ,,brosses1 ,,*4 ,,de4 ,du culte des dieux fti*es4 ,p>is3 #agfj4 #i4 ,,burton1 ,r4 ,f4 ,mission to ,gelele1 ,k+ ( ,dahom4 ,london3 ,t9sley ,bros41 #ahfd4 #aj4 ,,casalis1 ,e4 ,! ,basutos1 or ,tw5ty-?ree ,ye>s 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,london3 ,nisbet ,co41 #ahfa4 #aa4 ,,clodd1 ,e4 ,tom ,tit ,tot2 an ,essay on ,savage ,philosophy 9 ,folktale4 ,london3 ,duckwor?1 #ahih4 #ab4 ,,codr+ton1 ,r4 ,h4 ,! ,melanesians3 ,/udies 9 _! ,an?ropology & ,folk-,lore4 ,ox=d3 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahia4 #ac4 ,,d5nett1 ,r4 ,e4 #8,dea? & ,burial ( ! ,fiote4' ,folk-,lore1 viii4 #ahig4 #ad4 ,,dobrizh(f]1 ,m4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,abipones1 an ,eque/rian ,p ( ,p>aguay4 ,london3 ,murray1 #ahbb4 #ae4 ,,ellis1 ,a4 ,b4 ,! ,t%i-speak+ ,peoples ( ! ,gold ,coa/ ( ,we/ ,africa4 ,london3 ,*apman ,hall1 #ahhg4 #af4 ---- ,! ,yoruba-speak+ ,peoples ( ! ,slave ,coa/ ( ,we/ ,africa4 ,london3 ,*apman ,hall1 #ahid4 #ag4 ,,ellis1 ,w4 ,polynesian ,rese>*es4 ,london3 ,fi%]1 ,son ,jackson 7#bnd ,ed471 #ahca4 #ah4 ,,elwor?y1 ,f4 ,t4 ,! ,evil ,eye4 ,london3 ,murray1 #ahie4 #ai4 ,,flet*]1 ,,alice ,c4 #8,! ,import ( ! ,totem4' ,report ,am4 ,assoc4 ,advanc4 ,sci4 7,detroit ,meet+1 #ahig72 also #8,notes1' etc4 7,buffalo ,meet+1 #ahif74 #bj4 ,,fraz]1 ,j4 ,g4 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh2 a ,/udy 9 ,magic & ,religion4 7#bnd ,ed47 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 #aijj4 #ba4 ---- ,lectures on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+%ip4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 #aije4 #bb4 ,,fri$el1 ,e4 #8,br&5burgia'2 ,monatsblatt d] ,gesells*aft fr ,heimatkunde d] ,prov9z ,br&5burg zu ,b]l91 xii4 #aijd4 #bc4 ,,g>n]1 ,r4 ,o4 #8,sup]/itions ( ! ,we/ ,african ,tribes4' ,au/ral4 ,ass4 ,rep4 #ahie4 #bd4 ,,ga/]1 ,m4 #8,two ,?\s& ,ye>s ( a ,*>m aga9/ ! ,*ild-,/eal+ ,wit*4' ,folk-,lore1 xi4 #aijj4 #be4 ,,gregory1 ,,augu/a1 ,lady4 ,gods & ,fight+ ,m54 ,london3 ,murray1 #aijd4 #bf4 ,,gunn1 ,,jeannie4 ,! ,little ,black ,pr9cess2 a ,true ,tale ( ,life 9 ! ,nev]-,nev] ,l&4 ,london3 ,mor+1 #aije4 #bg4 ,,haddon1 ,a4 ,c4 ,! ,/udy ( ,man4 ,london3 ,murray1 #ahih4 #bh4 ,,haddon1 ,a4,c4 ,head ,hunt]s2 ,black1 ,:ite1 & ,br[n4 ,london3 ,me?u51 #aija4 #bi4 ---- ,exports ( ! ,cambridge ,an?ropological ,exp$ition to ,torres ,/raits4 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #aijd4 #cj4 ,,h>tl&1 ,e4 ,s4 ,! ,leg5d ( ,p]seus2 a ,/udy ( ,tradition 9 ,/ory1 ,cu/om1 & ,belief4 ,london3 ,nutt1 #ahid-f4 #ca4 ,,hays1 ,h4 ,m4 #8,hypnotism1 its ,hi/ory1 ,nature1 & ,use4' ,pop4 ,sci4 ,mon?ly1 lxvii4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 #cb4 ,,hirn1 ,y4 ,! ,orig9s ( ,art2 a ,psy*ological & ,sociological ,inquiry4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 #aijj4 #cc4 ,,holmes1 ,j4 #8,notes on ! ,religi\s ,ideas ( ! ,elema ,tribe ( ! ,papuan ,gulf4' ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 xxxii4 #aijb4 #cd4 ,,h[itt1 ,a4 ,w4 #8,on ,au/ralian ,m$ic9e ,m54' ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 xvi4 ,london1 #ahhf4 #ce4 ---- ,! ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #aijd4 #cf4 ,,jevons1 ,f4 ,b4 ,an ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion4 7#bnd ,ed47 ,london3 ,me?u5 ,co41 #aijb4 #cg4 ,,joyce1 ,p4 ,w4 ,a ,social ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,irel&4 ,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 #aijc4 #ch4 ,,kidd1 ,d4 ,! ,ess5tial ,kafir4 ,london3 ,black1 #aijd4 #ci4 ,,k+sley1 ,m4 ,h4 #8,! ,feti% ,view ( ! ,human ,s\l4' ,folk-,lore1 viii4 #ahig4 #dj4 ---- ,travels 9 ,we/ ,africa4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #ahih4 #da4 ---- ,we/ ,african ,/udies4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #ahii4 #db4 ,,lane1 ,e4 ,w4 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,mod]n ,egyptians4 ,paisley & ,london3 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 #ahie4 #dc4 ,,lel&1 ,c4 ,g4 ,etruscan ,roman ,rema9s 9 ,popul> ,tradition4 ,london3 ,fi%] ,unw91 #ahib4 #dd4 ,,let\rneau1 ,c4 ,la ,sociologie4 ,p>is3 ,re9wald1 #ahhj4 #de4 ,,li*t5/e91 ,h4 ,travels 9 ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,london3 ,colburn1 #ahab4 #df4 ,,lipp]t1 ,j4 ,die ,religion5 d] ,europis*5 ,culturvlk]4 ,b]l91 #ahha4 #dg4 ,lupton's #ajjj ,notable ,?+s4 #afab4 #dh4 ,,macdonald1 ,s4 #8,old ,_w ,survivals 9 ,ross-%ire4' ,folk-,lore1 xiv4 #aijc4 #di4 ,,maclagan1 ,r4 ,c4 #8,notes on ,folk-lore ,objects collect$ 9 ,argyle%ire4' ,folk-,lore1 vi4 #ahie4 #ej4 ,,m>ett1 ,r4 ,r4 #8,pre-animi/ic ,religion4' ,folk-,lore1 xi4 #aijj4 #ea4 ---- #8,f ,spell to ,pray]4' ,folk-,lore1 xv4 #aijd4 #eb4 ,,max ,m,,ll]1 ,f4 ,natural ,religion4 ,london3 ,longmans1 #ahib4 #ec4 ,,nassau1 ,r4 ,h4 ,feti*ism 9 ,we/ ,africa4 ,london3 ,duckwor?1 #aijd4 #ed4 ,,p9k]ton1 ,j4 ,a ,g5]al ,collection ( ! ,be/ & ,mo/ ,int]e/+ ,voyages & ,travels 9 all ,p>ts ( ! ,_w4 ,london3 ,longmans1 #ahad4 #ee4 ,,podmore1 ,f4 ,app>itions & ,?\ght-,transf]5ce4 ,london3 ,w4 ,scott1 #ahid4 #ef4 ,,ow51 ,,m>y ,a4 ,folk-lore ( ! ,musquakie ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,london3 ,nutt1 #aijd4 #eg4 ---- ,old ,rabbit ! ,voodoo & o!r ,sorc]]s4 ,london3 ,t4 ,fi%] ,unw91 #ahic4 #eh4 ,,rh,s1 ,j4 #8,wel% ,fairies4' ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,oct4 #ahia4 #ei4 ,,ro?1 ,h4 ,,l+4 #8,on ! ,significance ( ,c\vade4' ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 xxii4 #ahic4 #fj4 ---- ,! ,natives ( ,s>awak & ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo4 ,london3 ,truelove ,hanson1 #ahif4 #fa4 ,,saussaye1 ,p4 ,d4 ,c4 ,,de ,,la4 ,manual ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion4 ,london3 ,longmans1 #ahia4 #fb4 ,,s*ultze1 ,f4 ,psy*ologie d] ,naturvlk]4 ,leipzig3 ,veit1 #aijj4 #fc4 ,,skeat1 ,w4 ,w4 ,malay ,magic4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #aijj4 #fd4 ,,sp5c]1 ,b41 & ,,gill51 ,f4 ,j4 ,! ,native ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia4 ,london3 ,macmillan1 #ahii4 #fe4 ,,/4 ,,john1 ,s4 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,london3 ,smi?1 ,eld] ,co41 #ahfb4 #ff4 ,,/okes1 ,,:itley4 #8,! ,de/ruction ( ,d ,d]ga's ,ho/el4' ,revue ,celtique4 #fg4 ,,sup]1 ,c4 ,w4 #8,physicians & ,philosoph]s4' ,pop4 ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 lxvii4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 #fh4 ,,swett5ham1 ,f4 ,a4 ,malay ,sket*es4 ,london3 ,lane1 #ahie4 #fi4 ,,taylor1 ,r4 ,te ,ika a ,maui4 ,london3 ,mac9to%1 #ahgj4 #gj4 ,,tylor1 ,e4 ,b4 ,rese>*es into ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,mank9d & ! ,developm5t ( ,civilisation4 7#crd ,ed47 ,london3 ,murray1 #ahgh4 #ga4 ---- ,primitive ,culture4 7#bnd ,ed47 ,london3 ,murray1 #ahgc4 #gb4 ,,we/]m>ck1 ,e4 #8,! ,magic ,orig9 ( ,moori% ,designs4' ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 xxxiv4 #aijd4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y at ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,press