file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #fagaa-;h4htm or #fagaa-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #fagaa_/pg#fagaa-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#faga a_/fagaa-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/pigrais+m anual#jjnola ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,,pig ,,rais+ ,a ,manual = ,pig ,clubs by ,,aretas ,w4 ,,nolan ,assi/ant ,pr(essor1 ,agricultural ,ext5sion1 ,univ]sity ,( ,ill9ois & ,,james ,h4 ,,gre5e ,/ate ,lead]1 ,junior ,ext5sion ,s]vice1 ,univ]sity ,( ,ill9ois ,illu/ration ,*icago ,new ,york ,r[1 ,pet]son & ,company ,copyright1 #aiah ,r[1 ,pet]son & ,company ,,preface ,:atev] may be ! /atus ( ! project sy/em ( tea*+ o!r subjects1 x is com+ to be q g5]ally agre$ t ! home project (f]s "o ( ! be/ me?ods = tea*+ elem5t>y agriculture4 ,! ess5tials ( ! home project plan are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,a def9ite1 detail$ plan = "w at home cov]+ a season or m or less ext5d$ p]iod ( "t2 7#b7 x mu/ be a "p ( ! in/ruction ( ! s*ool 9 agriculture2 7#c7 ! p>5ts & pupils %\ld agree ) ! tea*] ^u ! plan2 7#d7 ! home "w mu/ h compet5t sup]vision2 7#e7 records & reports ( "t1 me?od1 co/ & income mu/ be hone/ly kept & submitt$ to ! tea*]4 ,9 ! /udy & practice ( a vocational subject su* z agriculture1 we may di/+ui% ?ree aspects1 ea* involv+ di/9ct p$agogical *>act]i/ics & special problems ( adm9i/ration4 ,! fir/ includes ! concrete1 specific1 or practical "w1 su* z ! actual mak+ ( a g>d51 ! rais+ ( p\ltry1 or ! gr[+ ( corn2 ! second involves a /udy ( su* te*nical sci5ces z botany1 physics1 *emi/ry1 & ! pr9ciples ( ! agricultural sci5ce relat+ directly to ! subject ( agriculture "u consid]ation2 ! ?ird aspect includes su* g5]al in=mation z ! hi/ory1 economic values1 & o!r int]e/+ facts ( t p>ticul> phase ( agriculture be+ /udi$4 ,doctor ,sn$d5 /ates 9 8 8,problems ( ,second>y ,education10 t ! keynote ( ! new] education 9 ^! fields is to be f\nd 9 ! developm5t ( facilities = obta9+ practical exp]i5ce1 "u conditions z ne>ly approximat+ ^? ( ! actual vocation z c be obta9$4 ,x is = ! purpose ( mak+ z practical z possible "s ( ! pr9ciples ( sci5tific agriculture = ! boys & girls ( ! public s*ools1 & ( giv+ direct vocational value to su* "w t ?is little book1 ! ?ird ( a s]ies1 is submitt$4 ,! plan outl9es "o project 9 ea* booklet1 supply+ ! project directions1 practical ex]cises = laboratory "w1 subject-matt] = /udy & recitation1 & notebook =ms = acc\nts & records4 ,! s*ool "w 9 elem5t>y agriculture = "o ye> may be bas$ ^u "o or two projects1 giv+ opportunity to supply new subject-matt] by rotation ea* ye>2 or ! project me?od may be us$ to supplem5t ! text-book me?od z us$ ei!r 9 ! elem5t>y or high-s*ool grades4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! boys & girls do+ ! project "w %\ld be organiz$ into a club & affiliat$ ) ! ,/ate ,boys & ,girls ,club movem5t ?r\gh ! /ate lead]1 usually locat$ at ! ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture4 --,,! ,,au?ors4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,,"o4 ,,pig ,,rais+ ,,cal5d> #i ,,"p ,,two4 ,,practical ,,ex]cises #ba #a4 ,wild ,relatives ( ,sw9e #b4 ,sw9e on ! ,home ,f>m #c4 ,m>ket ,prices #d4 ,inspection ,trips #e4 ,comp>ative ,judg+ #f4 ,ex]cises 9 ,judg+ #g4 ,reports on ,home ,fe$+ #h4 ,hog ,h\ses #i4 ,bre$ ,directory #aj4 ,concrete ,hog ,wall[ #aa4 ,wood5 ,tr\ghs #ab4 ,hurdles #ac4 ,mak+ a ,collection ( ,fe$s #ad4 ,weigh+ ,pigs ) ,/eely>ds ,,"p ,,?ree4 ,,sw9e #bi #a4 ,orig9 #b4 ,bacon-,type #c4 ,l>d-,type #d4 ,bre$s #e4 ,bacon ,bre$s #f4 ,l>d ,bre$s #g4 ,select+ ! ,pigs #h4 ,gett+ ,/>t$ #i4 ,c>e & ,managem5t #aj4 ,h\ses #aa4 ,sanitation #ab4 ,wall[s & ,dips #ac4 ,worms #ad4 ,hog ,*ol]a #ae4 ,fe$s & ,fe$+ #af4 ,corn1 ,pa/ure & ,o!r ,supplem5ts #ag4 ,m9]al ,matt] #ah4 ,fe$+ & ,c>e ( ! ,s[ #ai4 ,fe$+ ! ,pigs #bj4 ,m>kets #ba4 ,m>ket ,classes & ,grades #bb4 ,notebook ,que/ions ,,app5dix #di ,a ,model ,con/itution = ,boys & ,girls ,clubs #di ,p>liam5t>y ,practice1 ,h9ts & ,sugge/ions1 ,duties ( ,(fic]s #ej ,sugge/ive ,programs = ,agricultural ,clubs #ec ,ref]5ces on ,pigs #ec ,,"p ,,f\r4 ,,! ,,home ,,project ,,notebook #eg ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,tea*]s ( agriculture are beg9n+ to realize t ! sw9e indu/ry may be utiliz$ to advantage 9 ! tra9+ ( "y f>m]s4 ,pig rais+ makes a good home project4 ,mo/ boys 9 ! c\ntry1 & "s girls1 w f9d a way to keep "o or m pigs if _! int]e/ is ar\s$4 ,! class "w may be c5t]$ ar\nd ! project1 or ! project may supplem5t & furni% ! practical "w 9 connection ) a text-book /udy ( g5]al agriculture4 ,) "o or two class-room recitations a week bas$ ^u reports ( ! progress & problems ( ! project1 ^u ! practical ex]cises h]e9 giv51 & ^u ! subject-matt] & project outl9e /udy pres5t$ 9 ,"p ,,iv2 includ+ also "s ,friday aft]noon club programs z sugge/$1 & ) ! actual "w be+ done at home1 a c\rse 9 agriculture ( real1 practical wor? may be giv5 9 any s*ool4 ,pig rais+ enables a boy to ent] 9 a small way into ! live-/ock bus9ess4 ,comp>atively little capital is requir$ & quick returns are secur$4 ,) good managem5t a small beg9n+ w soon result 9 a h]d ( good size4 ,! tea*] %\ld make use ( ! /udies connect$ ) ! pig rais+ project to br+ out ! ess5tials ( g5]al animal production4 ,mu* t is le>n$ reg>d+ ! fe$+ & bre$+ ( sw9e may be appli$ to rais+ o!r animals4 ,x is n necess>y t ! tea*] be an exp]t 9 sw9e husb&ry to make ?is project a success4 ,! tea*] may help greatly by be+ an int]e/$ co-work]1 enc\rag+ ! boys & girls1 le>n+ ) !m1 lead+ !m to s\rces ( in=mation1 & be+ a sympa!tic fri5d 9 _! "w & life on ! f>m4 ,if possible1 ea* memb] ( ! class %\ld be induc$ to beg9 ! pig rais+ project ) a pure-br$ gilt4 ,if ?is is n possible1 any pig may be select$1 f$1 & c>$ = accord+ to ! project directions4 ,! home project may be c>ri$ on z an indep5d5t class activity1 or x may be correlat$ ) ! "w ( ! pig club organization4 ,x w be an easy matt] & a mo/ desirable ?+ to d to organize ! class into a pig club1 affiliate ) ! /ate club movem5t1 & all "w toge!r 9 ! big bus9ess ( food production4 --,a4 ,w4 ,,nolan4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,good ,,h]d ,,9 ,,pa/ure ,,"p ,i ,,pig ,,project ,,cal5d> ,,septemb] #a4 ,organization ( ! club4 ,see plans = club organization 9 ! app5dix4 ,! class 9 elem5t>y agriculture und]tak+ to base its "w l>gely ^u ! home project %\ld organize z direct$ by ! club plan4 ,ea* memb] ( ! class %\ld become a memb] ( ! club & plan to d all ! "w outl9$ = ! project4 ,! plan %\ld meet ) ! approval ( ! bo>d ( education1 ( ! p>5ts ( ! boys & girls und]tak+ ! project1 & %\ld h ! he>ty support ( ! c\nty sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools1 ( ! tea*] & ( ! pupils !mselves :o are to d ! "w4 ,! /ate club lead] at ! ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture %\ld be notifi$ ( ! organization ( ! club s t he may s5d enrollm5t blanks & all su* lit]ature & publications z w be helpful 9 ! progress ( ! "w4 #b4 ,gett+ />t$4 ,= ! pig rais+ project memb]s ( ! class or club may />t ) "o or sev]al pigs1 or ) a s[ pig 7or gilt7 br$ to f>r[ e>ly 9 ,octob]1 s9ce ?is is to be a project = ! entire ye>4 ,a pig belong+ to "o ( ! bre$s mo/ preval5t 9 ! community %\ld be select$1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t x is a bre$ :i* is adapt$ to local conditions & meets m>ket requirem5ts4 ,9 mak+ ! selection ( ! gilt1 consid] ! p$igree & ! individuality ( ! animal4 ,unless y "k ! p$igree x is be/ to leave t to ! reliable bre$] ) :om y are deal+4 ,e memb] ( ! class jo9+ ! pig club %\ld le>n h[ to pick out a good pig4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be well to dep5d ^u ! judgm5t ( an exp]i5c$ man 9 ! selection ( ! gilt = ! ye>'s project4 #c4 ,beg9n+ ! record4 ,on ! blank pages provid$ 9 ,"p ,,iv ( ?is book write a brief hi/ory & description ( ! bre$ ( hog y select4 ,ea* pupil %\ld keep a neat & accurate record ( all op]ations1 acc\nts1 results1 etc41 on ! pages provid$ = ! pig rais+ project4 #d4 ,regi/]+ ! pigs4 ,if a pure-br$ gilt is ! />t+ po9t ( ! project1 ! club memb] %\ld get ! exp]i5ce ( foll[+ ! rules ( regi/ration = ! bre$4 ,s5d to ! secret>y ( ! bre$ association = full in=mation & blank =ms1 free ( *>ge4 ,:5 an animal is sold1 a c]tificate ( regi/ration w be appreciat$ by ! pur*as]4 ,fill out ! regi/ration record 9 ! =m giv5 9 ,"p ,,iv ( ?is book4 #e4 ,a place = ! pig4 ,! fir/ problem aft] secur+ a good pig is t ( prop] c>e & managem5t4 ,pigs ne$ clean food1 clean wat]1 ex]cise & a clean b$1 if !y are to ?rive & be pr(itable4 ,see to x t y\r pigs h a dry1 w>m1 clean1 & well-v5tilat$ h\se4 ,sun%9e is a good w>m] & dis9fectant ( ! hog h\se4 ,= ! beg9n] ! individual h\se ( ! ,a type or squ>e type is recomm5d$4 ,a good pa/ure w provide *eap1 clean food1 ex]cise & a clean b$ dur+ ! summ]4 ,,octob] #a4 ,fe$+ ! "y s[4 ,n m ?an two-?irds ( ! gra9 ration ( ! "y brood s[ %\ld be corn4 ,good fe$]s pref] to use gr\nd oats & middl+s ) milk or tankage#a 9 connection ) corn4 ,! "y s[ %\ld be kept 9 good1 /rong condition b n ov]load$ ) fat4 ,! foll[+ ration is "o good "o recomm5d$3 7a7 ,a pa/ure %\ld furni% ! bulky "p ( ! ration4 7b7 ,a meal ration consi/+ ( equal p>ts corn1 gr\nd oats & middl+s4 ,if ! pa/ure is a good "o ! s[ w ne$ little o!r fe$ = sev]al weeks4 ,! meal ration %\ld be begun sev]al weeks be=e f>r[+4 7c7 ,roots may be f$ :ole or pulp$ & mix$ ) meal4 7d7 ,alfalfa or clov] hay is good 9 ! ration4 7e7 ,skim-milk is excell5t = s[s4 7f7 ,= m9]als keep a mixture ( slack coal1 two p>ts by weight1 air-slack$ lime1 "o "p1 & salt1 "o "p1 be=e ! hogs all ! "t4 #b4 ,f>r[+ "t4 ,at f>r[+ "t place ! s[ 9 a %elt]$ build+1 dry1 free f draughts & well-v5tilat$4 ,to prev5t ! s[ f ly+ aga9/ ! wall ( ! p5 & ?us injur+ any little pigs :i* may be ly+ !re1 x is a good plan to provide a gu>d rail made ( two by eight-in* planks fa/5$ ) _! edges aga9/ ! sides ( ! p5 a little above ! b$4 ,! "y s[ %\ld h a lib]al am\nt ( b$d+ ( cut /raw4 ,%e %\ld h an individual p5 or h\se1 receive k9d treatm5t & h quiet qu>t]s4 ,if ! s[ rema9s quiet = twelve h\rs or m aft] f>r[+1 s mu* ! bett]4 #c4 ,fe$+ & c>e ( ! nurs+ s[4 ,! fe$ aft] f>r[+ %\ld be ab\t ! same z be=e4 ,at fir/ %e %\ld h little m ?an a dr9k4 ,a ?9 slop ( middl+s & wat] w s]ve4 ,! s[ %\ld n be ov]f$ & %\ld be giv5 a week or t5 days to come to a full ration4 ,! foll[+ is "o good ration recomm5d$3 7a7 ,equal p>ts ( gr\nd oat & :eat middl+s1 all[$ to soak betwe5 fe$s4 7b7 ,sweet skim-milk add$ to ! above ration makes x almo/ ideal4 7c7 ,corn may be us$ z recomm5d$ = s[s be=e f>r[+4 7d7 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( bulky1 succul5t fe$ su* z hay & roots helps to keep ! s[ heal?y4 7e7 ,:5 ! pigs are wean$1 ! fe$ ( ! s[ %\ld be cut d[n to *eck ! fl[ ( ! milk4 ,dry oats are recomm5d$ = ?is purpose4 #d4 ,record "w4 ,be sure to keep all records call$ = on ! record pages1 includ+ date ( f>r[+1 numb] ( pigs1 me?od ( h\s+1 fe$+ rations1 successes1 failures1 etc4 ,provision = weigh+ ! pigs f "t to "t %\ld be provid$4 #e4 ,read+ & /udy4 ,9 connection ) ! practical "w ( rais+ y\r pigs1 read at ?is "t :at y\r text & ref]5ce books h to say ab\t c>e & managem5t ( ! brood s[4 ,,novemb] ,,& ,,decemb] #a4 ,fe$+ ! pigs4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ?\ght 9 connection ) rais+ pigs is t !y eat4 ,x is important t e pig 9 ! litt] get its /oma* full ( ! fir/ milk ( ! s[4 ,! "y pigs w le>n to eat :5 ab\t ?ree weeks ( age4 ,if ! pigs c be f$ sep>ately f ! s[1 bett] results w be obta9$4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! p5 place a small tr\gh = ! pigs & f5ce x (f f ! s[4 ,at lea/ twice a day give ! pigs z mu* sweet skim-milk z !y w clean up4 ,d n leave any milk to s\r 9 ! tr\gh4 ,!n a few days aft] !y beg9 to nibble grass & dr9k milk1 a gruel ( oats & :eat middl+s may be made ) ! milk4 ,lat] a small am\nt ( corn soak$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs may be plac$ 9 ! tr\gh4 ,d n fe$ m ?an !y w clean up4 ,"y pigs may be wean$ at f eight to t5 weeks4 #b4 ,"s /&>d rations = gr[+ pigs4 7a7 ,fre% skim-milk z ! base = a slop ( oat middl+s & :eat middl+s1 to :i* add a small am\nt ( corn4 7,fe$ ?ree times daily47 ,z ! pigs gr[ old] ! corn & middl+s may be increas$1 b ! corn %\ld n be f$ alone4 7b7 ,) corn & skim-milk or butt]milk1 "o "p by weight ( corn to ?ree p>ts ( milk is satisfactory aft] wean+4 ,gradually increase ! am\nt ( corn s t ! #age-p\nd pigs get ab\t "o "p ( corn to two p>ts ( skim-milk or butt]milk4 7c7 ,) corn & tankage ! foll[+ proportions are advis$3 #h to #a by weight = pigs weigh+ betwe5 #dj & #ij p\nds #aj to #a = weights betwe5 #ij & #abe p\nds #ab to #a = weights betwe5 #abe & #age p\nds #ad to #a = weights betwe5 #age & #bbe p\nds #af to #a = m>ket hogs above #bbe p\nds 7d7 ,g>bage f ! kit*5 is usually valuable = hogs4 ,! value dep5ds l>gely ^u ! am\nt & k9d ( solid mat]ial :i* x conta9s4 ,:]e x is ?9 en\gh to p\r readily f ! bucket1 b n wat]y1 x may be f$ 9 ab\t ! same proportion ) corn z 0 recomm5d$ = milk4 7e7 ,to furni% m9]als z recomm5d$ = ! s[1 keep ! foll[+ be=e ! pigs at all times3 ,slack coal or coal scre5+s #b p>ts by weight ,air-slack$ lime #a "p by weight ,salt #a "p by weight 7f7 ,a good pa/ure is always an excell5t supplem5t to any ration & less5s ! am\nt ( o!r fe$s requir$4 ,pa/ure-f$ pigs are ?rifti] & make *eap] ga9s ?an ^? f$ 9 dry lots4 ,9 g5]al fe$ f #c to #e p\nds ( conc5trates1#b su* z corn1 o!r gra9s1 meals1 tankage1 etc41 p] #ajj p\nds live weight1 accord+ to age4 ,= pigs 9 a dry lot at wean+ "t 7weigh+ ab\t #dj p\nds7 fe$ #e p\nds conc5trates p] #ajj p\nds live weight1 or #d p\nds conc5trates p] day p] #ajj p\nds live weight 9 access to =age or pa/ure4 ,no two h]ds ( hogs fe$ j alike2 !re=e x is ! problem ( ! fe$] to /udy ! ne$s ( 8 hogs & try to supply !m4 ,regul>ity 9 "t ( fe$+1 dry1 com=table qu>t]s1 & sanit>y conditions 9 p5 & lot are necess>y to secure satisfactory ga9s4 #c4 ,h\s+ ! pigs4 ,p]haps ! ma9 reason = h\s+ ! pigs is to furni% a dry b$1 & s9ce hogs d n %$ _! hair = w>m] coats or ?ick5 x up z horses d1 provision %\ld be made to %elt] ! hogs f ! cold ( w9t] z well z f ! extreme heat ( summ]4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! h\se = ! s[ & h] litt] ( pigs4 ,x is n necess>y to h exp5sive build+s1 especially 9 ! beg9n+4 ,ev5 a p5 cov]$ ) bo>ds & fre% /raw may meet all ! requirem5ts4 ,= ! pig club boys & girls />t+ 9 to raise two litt]s 9 a ye>1 a good1 *eap & easily con/ruct$ p5 is describ$ z foll[s 9 ,lipp9cott's 8,productive ,sw9e ,husb&ry02 8,! p5 is sixte5 feet long & eight feet wide4 ,x is sev5 feet high 9 front & ?ree & "o-half feet high at ! re>4 ,x is bo>d$ ) *eap lumb]1 b all cracks are securely batt5$4 ,x %\ld be practically w9d & ra9 pro(4 ,! op5+ %\ld be a small door 9 ! s\!a/ corn]1 z ! h\se faces ! s\?4 ,pl5ty ( b$d+ %\ld be suppli$1 & ! p5 %\ld be bank$ up outside ) fre% horse manure to a dep? ( ab\t two feet 9 ord] to prev5t drafts ab\t ! floor40 #d4 ,records4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s d n fail to make all records & keep all acc\nts ( op]ations1 "w1 exp5ses1 results1 etc41 t are call$ = on ! record pages ( ?is book4 #e4 ,ref]5ce read+ & /udy4 ,read y\r texts1 ! f>m pap]s1 & any ref]5ce books available on ! problems ( fe$+1 h\s+1 c>e & managem5t ( gr[+ pigs4 ,consult exp]i5c$ sw9e bre$]s & fe$]s & le>n all y c f !m t w help y to succe$ ) y\r pigs4 ,,janu>y ,,& ,,febru>y #a4 ,bre$+ ! s[ = ! second litt]4 ,if an ,april litt] ( pigs is desir$1 ! s[ %\ld be br$ dur+ ! mon? ( ,decemb] or e>ly ,janu>y4 ,bre$ to a pure-br$ bo> if possible4 ,keep record ( dates4 #b4 ,fe$+ cont9u$4 ,j z we use lumb]1 brick1 cem5t1 %+les1 nails1 etc4 9 ! prop] =m & proportion 9 build+ a h\se1 s mu/ we use milk1 corn1 oats1 grass or o!r fe$s 9 ! build+ ( ! body ( ! hog or any o!r animal4 ,ea* fe$ is made up ( diff]5t food nutri5ts1 & ea* food nutri5t s]ves a def9ite purpose 9 ! body4 ,"s ( ! food nutri5ts are us$ 9 ! animal body to make bone1 o!rs = fat1 & /ill o!rs = ! manufacture ( active muscul> tissue4 ,developm5t w be incomplete if any class ( food mat]ial is neglect$2 h5ce ! necessity ( a balanc$ ration4 ,foll[ c>efully ! fe$+ /&>ds & rations sugge/$ = ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 #c4 ,keep+ ! pigs heal?y4 ,x is mu* easi] to keep pigs heal?y ?an x is to cure sick ones4 ,clean1 dry qu>t]s1 prop] fe$1 pl5ty ( sunlight & v5tilation1 & dis9fection ( h\ses w help to keep pigs heal?y4 ,g ov] y\r pig p5 ?is mon?1 & z (t5 !reaft] z is necess>y1 & clean out all fil? f cracks & corn]s1 floors & fe$+ tr\ghs4 ,apply ! foll[+ dis9fectant3 #e p>ts crude c>bolic acid 9 #ajj p>ts wat] ,once a ye> ! pig h\se %\ld be :itewa%$4 7,see discussion 9 ,"p ,,iii47 ,if possible1 supply 8hog wall[s & dips0 = y\r pigs4 7,see ,"p ,,iii47 ,,m>* ,,& ,,april #a4 ,/>t+ ! pig project at ?is "t4 ,if x is desir$ to />t ! pig project at ?is "t in/ead ( 9 ,septemb]1 ! club may be organiz$1 a pure-br$ gilt to f>r[ 9 ,april pur*as$ by ea* memb] ( ! club1 & ! "w />t$ z sugge/$ = ,septemb] & ,octob]4 #b4 ,see ! ,septemb] & ,octob] cal5d>4 ,9 all ess5tial po9ts ! memb]s ( ! class beg9n+ ! pig project at ?is "t %\ld foll[ e detail outl9$ = ,septemb] & ,octob]4 #c4 ,! ,octob] pigs4 ,cont9ue ! fe$+ rations ( ! ,octob] pigs z sugge/$ = o!r mon?s1 accord+ to weights & ga9s1 & make l>g] use ( ! pa/ure z a supplem5t z ! spr+ advances4 ,alfalfa pa/ure has prov5 by _m te/s to be "o ( ! be/ = gr[+ pigs4 ,aft] ! fir/ season = alfalfa1 an acre %\ld pa/ure two s[s & _! litt]s ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,! corn rations may be cut "o-half ) alfalfa z a pa/ure4 8,pigs 9 clov]0 are cont5t$ & happy4 ,an acre ( good clov] %\ld pa/ure "o s[ & h] litt]4 ,a ,miss\ri bullet9 recomm5ds fe$+ %oats ab\t a p\nd ( corn p] head p] day :5 on good clov] pa/ure4 #d4 ,! second litt]4 ,if ! second litt] ( pigs = ! s[ = ! ye> is f>r[$ 9 ,april1 z 0 recomm5d$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is project1 qu>t]s sep>ate f ! ,octob] pigs %\ld be provid$ = !m = at lea/ eight weeks1 or until ! second litt] is wean$4 ,see directions = ! c>e & managem5t ( ! s[ & pigs z giv5 = ,septemb] & ,octob]4 #e4 ,records & /udy4 ,cont9ue to make all records call$ = 9 ! project4 ,read & /udy texts & ref]5ce books relat+ to ! "w y are do+ ea* mon?4 ,,may ,,& ,,june #a4 ,summ] fe$+ & pa/ure4 ,an acre ( c[ peas or soy beans s[n 9 ,may w furni% excell5t pa/ure = ! spr+ pigs1 especially :5 ! pods are =m$ ab\t ,septemb]4 ,rape is a good pa/ure crop = hogs4 ,x may be s[n f ,april to ,june & w be ready = pa/ure 9 ab\t six weeks4 ,six to eight p\nds ( se$ w suffice = an acre :5 s[n broadca/4 ,an acre ( rape %\ld pa/ure a s[ & h] ,octob] & spr+ litt]s4 ,corn & %orts may be us$ to supplem5t rape pa/ure4 ,cont9ue ! fe$+ rations accord+ to age & weight recomm5d$ = =m] mon?s4 #b4 ,bre$+ = ,octob] pigs4 ,dur+ ! ?ird or f\r? week ( ,june bre$ ! s[ = ! ,octob] litt] ( pigs4 ,bre$ to a pure-br$ sire if possible4 ,keep record ( all dates4 #c4 ,%elt] = ! pigs4 ,dur+ ! summ] x may be necess>y to provide a %elt] f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,a frame ( poles cov]$ ) /raw or corn-/alks w s]ve ?is purpose4 #d4 ,hog wall[s4 ,s9ce pigs d n p]spire !y (t5 suff] dur+ ! extreme heat ( ! summ]4 ,!y naturally seek ! coole/ wall[ ev5 ?\gh x be a fil?y mud hole4 ,x w\ld be humane z well z good bus9ess to provide a concrete wall[ & keep x fill$ ) eight or t5 in*es ( wat]4 ,coal-t> or crude oil add$ to ! wat] w help to rid ! pigs ( lice4 #e4 ,sanit>y conditions4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s cont9ue to c>e = ! cleanl9ess ( all ! p5s & h\se z sugge/$ = ! w9t] season4 ,seek ! advice ( successful hog rais]s & vet]9>ians ^u ! slighte/ evid5ce ( unheal?y pigs4 ,see discussion on worms & *ol]a 9 ,"p ,,iii4 #f4 ,r++ ! pigs4 ,"o r+ %\ld n be plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! pig's nose1 b if r+$ at all1 use two r+s1 "o on ei!r side ( ! c5t] ( ! nose1 close to ! t5dons runn+ d[n to ! pig's sn\t4 ,,july ,,& ,,augu/ #a4 ,gett+ ready = an exhibit4 ,if !re is to be a local1 c\nty1 or /ate fair1 club memb]s w arrange ?r\gh _! lead] to h an exhibit ( _! pigs at ! fair4 ,foll[ c>efully & hone/ly all directions & rules laid d[n by y\r /ate club lead] 9 ent]+ ! conte/ & exhibit+ y\r pigs4 ,if !re is no fair or exhibit = y to att5d1 make "o at y\r local s*ool4 ,y\r /ate club lead] w s5d full directions = all conte/s & exhibits4 #b4 ,prep>+ ! pig = exhibition4#c ,! fir/ ?+ to d t[>d gett+ ! pig ready = a %[ is to wa% 8 body ?or\ghly ) w>m ra9 wat]1 & a good la!ry soap4 ,use a /iff bru% s t dirt & du/ w be remov$4 ,a little dis9fectant 9 ! wa% wat] w\ld be a good ?+4 ,?or\ghly r9se ! soap out ( ! hair aft] wa%+ & all[ ! pig to dry 9 a clean1 dry /all4 ,8 coat4 ,:5 all ! moi/ure has disappe>$ f ! hair & sk91 a light application ( sweet oil may well be made1 tak+ p>ticul> c>e to rub ! oil well into ! sk94 ,! oil w keep ! hair & hide s(t & w give ! pig a %9y coat1 !reby improv+ 8 appe>ance4 ,! use ( too mu* oil is objectionable1 bo? because x is apt to become 8gumm$0 9 ! hair & make ! animal 8/icky01 & because x w soil ! f+]s ( ! p :o w probably /roke & pet ! pig :5 he is tak5 to ! %[4 ,if sweet oil is n available1 raw l9se$ oil may be us$ in/ead1 b a some:at light] application ( l9se$ oil %\ld be made4 ,oil is seldom us$ on :ite pigs4 ,! feet4 ,frequ5tly ! pig's feet w require "s att5tion4 ,if ! toes are too long or are brok5 (f s t !y are r\gh1 !y %\ld be trimm$ ) a good %>p jackknife4 ,?is c be done be/ :5 ! animal is ly+ d[n4 ,if ! boy has tak5 c>e ( 8 animal prop]ly1 ! pig w submit to su* h&l+ )\t any objection4 ,9 fact he w l to be play$ ) & w enjoy hav+ 8 ma/] "w ) him4 ,aft] ! pig has be5 prop]ly groom$ he %\ld be kept 9 a dry /all t is b$d$ deep ) clean /raw4 ,if he %[s an incl9ation to root d[n into ! dirt & soil himself by digg+ b5ea? 8 b$d+1 r+s %\ld be plac$ 9 8 nose4 ,if n absolutely necess>y1 h[ev]1 x is bett] n to r+ hogs int5d$ = %[4 ,make y\r pig g5tle4 ,an h\r a day %\ld be sp5t tea*+ ! pig to /& /ill :ile be+ exam9$4 ,:ile x is n cu/om>y at big %[s to hold pigs :ile !y are be+ judg$1 yet at a conte/ ( ?is k9d ! be/ tra9$ pig w be look$ ^u ) special favor1 s9ce su* a pig w signify to ! judges t 8 ma/] has done ev]y?+ possible 8to br+ him out40 #c4 ,m>ket+ ! pigs4 ,! ,octob] pigs w be ready = ! m>ket ?is summ]1 probably z e>ly z ,july4 ,/udy c>efully ! m>ket classes & grades describ$ 9 ,"p ,,iii4 ,det]m9e to :i* classes & grades y\r pigs %\ld belong4 ,wat* c>efully ! daily m>ket reports 9 ! pap]s4 ,seek ! be/ advice y c get on ! important bus9ess ( m>ket+ y\r pigs4 #d4 ,conclud+ "w4 ,f9i% all records call$ = 9 ,"p ,,iv4 ,a*ievem5t1 z "o boy puts x1 is 8gett+ into ! game1 /ick+ to x1 & f9i%+ ! job40 ,"h is y\r *ance to a*ieve n only a successful & pr(itable piece ( "w = y\rself1 b a man's s]vice 9 add+ to ! food supply ( y\r c\ntry4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,practical ,,ex]cises #a4 ,wild relatives ( sw9e4 ,pupils %\ld prep>e writt5 reports ^u ! foll[+ wild relatives ( ! hog3 pecc>y1 w>t hog1 rh9oc]os1 hippopotamus1 wild bo>4 ,consult geographies1 natural hi/ories & encyclop$ias = su* in=mation4 #b4 ,sw9e on ! home f>m4 ,let ea* pupil report on ! sw9e on ! home f>m by fill+ out ! foll[+ table3 ,types & ,numb] ( ,*>act]i/ics ,av]age ,e/imat$ ,bre$s ,ea* ( ,ea* ,weight ,value #c4 ,m>ket prices4 ,pupils %\ld record ! m>ket prices ( hogs 9 a tabul> =m1 e day = a p]iod ( two weeks4 ,su* daily quotations may be obta9$ f ! newspap]4 ,if possible1 record ! numb] ( ! 8run0 ( hogs :i* 7 (f]$ = sale at ! m>ket :]e prices are quot$4 ,note any relation t may exi/ betwe5 price & numb] ( hogs4 #d4 ,inspection trips4 ,! class %\ld make a t\r ( ! f>ms 9 ! community :]e ! v>i\s bre$s ( sw9e may be /udi$4 ,note ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics4 ,use ! foll[+ table 9 classify+ ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics3 ,position ,o!r ,bre$ ,color ( ,e>s ,sn\t & ,face ,*>act]i/ics #e4 ,comp>ative judg+4 ,prep>e a r+ ( sw9e1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r animals1 & h ! pupils place ^! accord+ to rank1 bas+ _! judgm5t on =m1 condition1 & quality ( ! sw9e 9 ! r+4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is ex]cise x may be necess>y = ! in/ructor to g ov] ! :ole matt] ( con=mation1 condition1 & quality z !y %\ld be f\nd 9 good sw9e4 #f4 ,ex]cises 9 judg+4 ,aft] ! pupils h become some:at famili> ) ! po9ts 9 judg+ sw9e1 in=mation may be giv5 z to ! judg+ ( individuals by ! score c>ds4 ,"u ! direction ( ! in/ructor use ! score c>d ( y\r ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 #g4 ,reports on home fe$+ me?ods4 ,let ea* pupil report on ! me?ods ( fe$+ & manag+ sw9e at home1 us+ ! foll[+ outl9e3 7a7 ,! h\se1 p51 or range 9 :i* ! pigs are f$ = fatt5+4 7b7 ,! fe$ us$1 am\nt1 k9d1 etc4 7c7 ,criticism ( ! above me?ods1 & sugge/ions = improvem5t4 #h4 ,h\ses4 ,pupils %\ld br+ pictures ( hog h\ses1 clipp$ f f>m pap]s or o!r publications 9 :i* !y may be f\nd1 & 9 class make a critical /udy ( ! illu/rations assembl$4 ,gr\nd floor plans %\ld be drawn by ea* /ud5t = sev]al types ( h\se4 #i4 ,bre$ directory4 ,let ea* pupil make a report on ! names ( sw9e bre$]s 9 ! locality & ! bre$s rais$4 ,?is may be made into a bre$ directory = ! community4 #aj4 ,mak+ a concrete hog wall[4#d ,a hog p]spires b little dur+ hot wea!r & is =c$ to seek a cool mud wall[ if no?+ else is provid$4 ,?is has result$ 9 ! impression t ! hog is a dirty animal4 ,a concrete hog wall[ provid$ ) a dra9 w enable ! hog rais] to give 8 hogs a cool1 clean refuge f ! heat4 ,if a small am\nt ( crude oil is p\r$ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 x w s]ve to rid ! animals ( lice & keep ! sk9 9 good condition4 ,if possible1 ! wall[ %\ld be locat$ ne> ! wat] supply1 ei!r a tank or spr+4 ,! foll[+ sectional view ( a wall[ is tak5 f ! ,cem5t ,news publi%$ by ! ,univ]sal ,portl& ,cem5t ,co4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,sectional ,,view ,,( ,a ,,concrete ,,wall[ ,x is recomm5d$ t ! pool be made rectangul> ) r\nd$ corn]s4 ,x %\ld n h a dep? ( m ?an #ah in*es4 ,! size %\ld be det]m9$ by ! numb] ( pigs kept4 ,a concrete floor #d feet wide laid ar\nd ! pool w prev5t root+ & ! c>ry+ ( mud into ! wall[4 ,illu/ration3 #b4 ,,tr\gh ,,= ,,"y ,,pigs #aa4 ,wood5 tr\ghs = sw9e4 ,9 figures #b & #c are %[n two types ( wood5 tr\ghs t are us$ ext5sively by sw9e rais]s4 ,! "o %[n 9 figure #b is design$ = use 9 fe$+ "y pigs4 ,z %[n 9 ! draw+ x is %all[ & is con/ruct$ ) a flat bottom & wide end pieces4 ,! %all[ness makes x easy = ! "y pigs to get at ! fe$1 & ! wide ends make x difficult = ! pigs to ov]turn x4 ,! cross pieces prev5t ! hogs f ly+ 9 ! tr\gh4 ,! draw+ gives all necess>y dim5sions4 ,make out a bill ( mat]ial & a bill ( /ock1 cut ! pieces1 & assemble !m4 ,illu/ration3 #c4 ,,tr\gh ,,= ,,mature ,,hogs ,figure #c %[s a ,v-%ap$ tr\gh = old] hogs4 ,l ! "o %[n = "y pigs1 x is wide at ! ends & is provid$ ) cross pieces4 ,! draw+ gives all necess>y dim5sions4 ,make out bills ( mat]ial & /ock1 & con/ruct4 #ab4 ,hurdles = use 9 /ock judg+4 ,a hurdle z describ$ 9 ?is ex]cise is a panel ( bo>ds made z %[n 9 figure #d4 ,hurdles are portable & are useful :5 sort+ hogs into gr\ps or :5 scor+ & judg+ !m4 ,?ree or f\r hurdles fa/5$ toge!r at ! ends make a v good tempor>y p54 ,illu/ration3 #d4 ,,hurdle ,! mat]ials requir$ are f\r pieces #a by #d in*es by #ab feet1 "o piece #b by #d in*es by #h feet1 & #b p\nds ( eightp5ny common nails4 ,to build ! panel1 cut ! pieces z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,lay ! f\r pieces ( #b by #d in*es on ! floor1 spac+ !m #d feet ap>t1 nail ! bottom bo>d1 space #b in*es & nail ! second bo>d1 space #c in*es & nail ! ?ird bo>d1 & nail ! f\r? bo>d on ! top4 #ac4 ,mak+ a collection ( fe$s4 ,secure a supply ( small bottles & make & label a collection ( samples ( fe$s suitable = pigs4 #ad4 ,weigh+ pigs ) /eely>ds4#e ,9 ! pig project x is recomm5d$ t ! pig or pigs be weigh$ ea* week4 ,:]e /ock or plat=m scales are at h& ! weigh+ c be p]=m$ easily1 b1 un=tunately1 "s boys d n h scales ( any k9d :i* !y c use = ?is purpose4 ,9 project "w boys d n g5]ally feel t !y c af=d to pur*ase plat=m scales1 b s9ce ! weigh+ is a v important "p ( ! "w1 "s means %\ld be provid$1 & /eely>ds are sugge/$ = ! purpose4 ,^! are n exp5sive1 co/+ ab\t #c4jj1 & ) prop] arrangem5t c be us$ v satisfactorily4 ,= weigh+ fe$ !y c usually be susp5d$ f joi/s 9 gran>ies1 b = weigh+ ! pig x w probably be necess>y to con/ruct a horse f :i* to susp5d !m4 ,a crate also w be ne$$ = hold+ ! pig :ile be+ weigh$4 ,! mat]ial requir$ = ^! articles is n exp5sive & bo? c be con/ruct$ by ! boys 9 ! club or class4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,horse ,,& ,,crate#f ,mat]ial4 ,any ord9>y lumb] hav+ prop] dim5sions c be us$4 ,if new lumb] is pur*as$1 yell[ p9e w s]ve ! purpose satisfactorily1 co/+ #b;c or #c;c p] lumb] foot4 ,! l5g? sugge/$ = ! horse is #h feet1 ?\gh ?is c be r$uc$ by plac+ ! /eely>ds at "r angles to ! l5g? ( ! horse 9 place ( 9 ! same direction1 z sugge/$ by ! cut4 ,! height %\ld be #g feet to provide space = fa/5+ ! crate to ! /eely>ds4 ,! legs %\ld be bevel$ at upp] ends be=e nail+ to rail & %\ld be spread at bottom s z to measure #c feet4 ,/ock requir$ = con/ruct+ horse is z foll[s3 ,"o piece #bfh if made eight feet long2 two pieces #bfad2 or #bdad = legs2 two pieces #afaj = braces4 ,9 place ( ! crate any box ( ! prop] size c be us$ = ! purpose by nail+ /rips on ! sides = conv5i5ce 9 h&l+1 & = fa/5+ rope to x4 ,if a crate is con/ruct$ x %\ld be #d or #d feet long1 #b feet high1 & #bj in*es wide4 ,! slats on "o end ( ! crate %\ld be securely nail$1 & on ! o!r !y %\ld be arrang$ to slide into place1 s t !y c be remov$ easily aft] ea* weigh+4 ,illu/ration3 #e4 ,,arrangem5t ,,= ,,weigh+ ,,pigs ,! pig to be weigh$ is securely fa/5$ 9 ! crate & ! horse plac$ ov] x s t ! r+ or hook ( /eely>ds is ne>ly ov] ! c5t]4 ,! crate is !n rais$ suffici5tly to place #bd blocks "u x1 & x is !n fa/5$ to ! /eely>ds by means ( a *a9 or rope4 ,! scale weight on ! /eely>ds c be approximately plac$ be=e ! blocks are remov$ f "u ! crate4 ,to remove blocks1 draw d[n on long end ( /eely>ds1 :i* w raise ! crate f ! blocks & all[ !m to be easily remov$4 ,aft] ! crate sw+s free ! scale weight c be c>efully adju/$ to asc]ta9 exactly ! gross weight ( ! pig & crate4 ,! weight ( pig c1 ( c\rse1 be easily asc]ta9$ by subtract+ ! weight ( crate f ! gross weight4 ,!re are advantages 9 ?is arrangem5t = weigh+1 9 addition to its be+ inexp5sive4 ,! p>ts c easily be mov$ f place to place )\t injury1 & c be plac$ 9 any p5 or hog lot )\t difficulty1 :i* is n always ! case ) plat=m or o!r scales4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,sw9e ,orig94 ,! ance/ors ( ! hogs f\nd on ,am]ican f>ms came f two s\rces1 s\!a/]n ,asia & we/]n ,europe4 ,^! two families ( hogs are (t5 designat$ by ! names ,sus ,indica & ,sus ,scr(a4 ,al?\gh ! ^w sus is ,lat91 boys or girls :o fe$ pigs use x :5 !y call 8sui1 sui10 to ! pigs at fe$+ "t4 ,illu/ration3 #f4 ,a ,,razor-,,back ,sus ,indica1 a native ( ,*9a1 0 a small1 f9e-bon$ animal mu* priz$ by ! p ( s\!a/]n ,asia4 ,desc5dants ( ,sus ,scr(a1 ! wild bo> ( we/]n ,europe1 are /ill hunt$ 9 =e/s & private game pres]ves4 ,! wild bo> is a l>ge1 f]oci\s animal ) ?9 hams & a heavy %ield4 ,f its ,*9ese ance/or ! mod]n hog has d]iv$ its =m & quality2 f ! wild bo> x has obta9$ its size & vigor4 ,sw9e 7 probably introduc$ into ?is c\ntry by e>ly ,spani% explor]s4 ,= _m ye>s wild hogs 7 f\nd 9 ! ev]glades ( ,florida4 ,x is record$ t ,jame/[n _h to be f5c$ to keep out ! wild hogs1 desc5dants ( ^? br\ght ov] by e>li] settl]s4 ,al?\gh ! ance/ors ( ! hog came f ,*9a & we/]n ,europe1 x rema9$ = ,engli% bre$]s to bl5d ! two & develop ! e>li] bre$s4 ,! e>li] bre$s l ! ,b]k%ire 7 develop$ :]e corn is n gr[n successfully4 ,"u su* conditions ! bacon-type ( hog 0 produc$4 ,bacon-type4 ,! bacon hog has a long] side1 less fat & a small] ham4 ,canada1 ,d5m>k1 & ,irel& produce ! f9e/ hogs ( ?is type4 ,bacon hogs furni% ! 8,wilt%ire side10 9 :i* ham1 side1 & %\ld] are m>ket$ 9 "o piece4 ,?is cut comm&s a high] price on ! ,european cont95t ?an pork f ! l>d hog4 ,! weight ( ?is type ( hog = m>ket v>ies f #afj to #bjj p\nds4 ,! =m ( ! bacon-type is q diff]5t f ! =m ( ! l>d-type4 ,! hog has long] legs1 ! body is n s ?ick or deep1 ! %\ld]s1 neck1 & j[ls are light]4 ,! hog %\ld be long] f %\ld] to ham1 ) suffici5t dep? & ?ickness to d5ote good con/itution4 ,quality1 z 9 ! l>d-type1 is indicat$ by a smoo? coat ( hair & an unwr9kl$ sk94 ,! f9i%$ bacon hog 8h&les0 firm] to ! t\* ?an a f9i%$ l>d hog4 ,! bones ( ?is type are l>g]1 b !y %\ld pres5t a clean-cut appe>ance4 ,! lo9 is ! mo/ valuable cut 9 ?is hog1 & %\ld be z wide z ! re/ ( ! back1 full1 /rong1 & well pack$ ) fle%4 ,! ribs %\ld spr+ out boldly f ! backbone & turn %>ply d[nw>d1 giv+ a /raight1 flat side4 ,! lead+ bre$s ( ! bacon-type ( sw9e are ! ,tamwor? & ! ,l>ge ,york%ire4 ,sometimes ! ,hamp%ire is s class$4 ,l>d-type4 ,! l>d hog is a native ( ! corn belt4 ,?is type ( hog has a compact1 ?ick1 deep1 smoo? body4 ,! ham1 back1 lo9 & %\ld]s are ! mo/ valuable p>ts & are develop$ to a high] degree4 ,! production ( l>d & fat is ! pr9ciple aim ( ?is type4 ,quality is d5ot$ by f9e hair1 smoo?1 clean1 unwr9kl$ sk91 r f9e bone1 & an ev5 di/ribution ( fle%4 ,! j[ls %\ld be broad1 plump1 & full1 & ! belly n baggy 9 appe>ance4 ,! hog %\ld h %ort upright pa/]ns4 ,! sn\t %\ld be f9e1 ! face wide betwe5 ! eyes1 & ! space betwe5 ! e>s wide & full4 ,wid? betwe5 ! eyes & fullness & wid? betwe5 ! e>s indicate a good fe$]4 ,! neck %\ld be %ort & deep & %\ld bl5d smoo?ly into ! %\ld]4 ,! %\ld] %\ld be well develop$1 bl5d+ smoo?ly into ! body & cov]$ ev5ly ) fle% ov] all p>ts4 ,! back %\ld be broad1 slightly ar*$1 ( m$ium l5g? & ?ickly fle%$4 ,! ribs %\ld be well sprung1 ! sides deep & ev5 betwe5 ! %\ld]s & ham4 ,! ham %\ld be broad1 deep1 plump1 & heavily fle%$ well d[n t[>d ! hocks4 ,! rump %\ld be z wide z ! back4 ,! legs %\ld be %ort1 /raight1 set well ap>t & squ>ely "u ! body4 ,! above brief description is g5]al = all bre$s ( ! l>d hog4 ,! ,pol& ,*9a1 ,*e/] ,:ite1 ,b]k%ire1 & ,duroc-,j]sey are ! popul> bre$s ( ?is type ( hog4 ,bre$s4 ,! selection ( a good bre$ by a pig club memb] is an important matt]4 ,he %\ld be influ5c$ by two conditions3 ! bre$s rais$ 9 ! community & 8 own pref]5ce4 ,! community :i* conf9es its ef=ts to two1 or bett]1 to "o bre$ ( hog1 w attract buy]s & its /ock w comm& fancy prices4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a bre$] w be mo/ successful ) ! bre$ 9 :i* he has confid5ce4 ,to make an intellig5t *oice1 e club memb] %\ld become famili> ) ! *>act]i/ics1 advantages1 & %ortcom+s ( ! sev]al bre$s ( hogs4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t !re is no 8be/ bre$40 ,,bacon ,,bre$s ,illu/ration3 #ab4 ,,l>ge ,,york%ire ,! ,l>ge ,york%ire4 ,?is l>ge :ite bre$1 too1 orig9at$ 9 ,engl&4 ,:ite spots are n desirable & black hairs disqualify animals4 ,! ,l>ge ,york%ire possesses ! typical bacon con=mation3 light hams & %\ld]s1 long legs & a long1 n>r[ & deep body4 ,on acc\nt ( its size1 /rong bone1 & ability to produce l>ge litt]s1 ,york%ire bo>s h be5 us$ = cross+ ) bre$s :i* are lack+ 9 ^! respects4 ,illu/ration3 #ac4 ,,tamwor? ,! ,tamwor?4 ,?is bre$ mu* resembles ! ,l>ge ,york%ire 9 size b has a long] sn\t4 ,! ,tamwor?s are good ru/l]s & produce bacon :i* c be us$ = export purposes at a comp>atively e>ly age4 ,!y are sometimes criticiz$ = _! inability to compete ) ! l>d bre$s 9 ! production ( fat c>casses4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t !y are di/9ctly a bacon bre$4 ,! ,l>ge ,york%ire & ! ,tamwor? are ! only two bacon bre$s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,o!r m9or bre$s1 bo? l>d & bacon1 :i* might be m5tion$ are ! ,mule-,foot1 ,small ,york%ire1 ,essex1 ,*e%ire1 ,victoria & ,l>ge ,black4 ,,l>d ,,bre$s ,illu/ration3 #g4 ,,pol& ,,*9a ,pol& ,*9a4 ,! ,pol& ,*9a is "o ( ! mo/ popul> bre$s4 ,x is ( m$ium size1 black 9 color ) 8six :ite po9ts0 on face1 tail & feet4 ,its e>s are n erect z are ^? ( ! ,b]k%ire1 b break & fall =w>d ab\t two-?irds ( ! l5g? f ! head4 ,! face is n di%$ z mu* z t ( ! ,b]k%ire1 ano!r m>k ( di/9ction4 ,l all ( ! re/ ( ! l>d bre$s1 x %\ld h heavy %\ld]s & h9d qu>t]s1 & deep1 %ort sides4 ,= a "t !re 0 a dem& ^u ! "p ( bre$]s = small1 f9e-bon$ animals4 ,! dem& ( ! pack]s 0 too /rong1 h[ev]1 & ! developm5t ( ! ,big ,type ,pol& ,*9a m>k$ ! d[nfall ( ?is 8fad40 ,?is bre$ is not$ = its con/itution & vigor4 ,mu* ( ?is is due1 no d\bt1 to ! fact t ! orig9ators ( ! bre$ 9 ! ,miami ,valley wi%$ to develop a hog :i* c\ld be driv5 to ,c9c9nati1 ! great pack+ c5t] ( t p]iod4 ,! small type ,pol& ,*9a _h small litt]s4 ,?is fault has be5 rem$i$ 9 ! big type /ra9s4 ,illu/ration3 #h4 ,,b]k%ire ,! ,b]k%ire4 ,! erect e>s1 di%$ face & %ort sn\t ( ! ,b]k%ire di/+ui% x q %>ply f ! ,pol& ,*9a4 ,x is "o ( ! olde/ bre$s ( sw9e1 orig9at+ 9 ,b]k%ire1 a c\nty ( ,engl&4 ,! e>ly ,b]k%ire 0 a bacon1 n a l>d hog4 ,x 0 l>ge1 r\gh1 & late matur+4 ,num]\s crosses ) ,*9ese & ,neopolitan pigs ( f9e quality h be5 in/rum5tal 9 produc+ ! mod]n1 m$ium siz$1 compact animal4 ,?is bre$ has a broad back1 a good spr+ ( rib & ?ick rump & hams4 ,b]k%ires are e>ly matur+ & bre$]s claim t ! meat is second 9 quality to none4 ,l ! ,pol& ,*9a1 x has :ite on ! feet1 face & tip ( tail4 ,illu/ration3 #i4 ,,duroc-,,j]sey ,duroc-,j]sey4 ,?is bre$ ( r$ hog is becom+ v popul> on acc\nt ( its con/itution & ability to produce l>ge litt]s4 ,x resembles ! ,pol& ,*9a 9 size1 %ape & position ( e> & sn\t4 ,! color desir$ by mo/ bre$]s is a *]ry & n a s&y r$4 ,no?+ def9ite is kn[n ( its e>ly hi/ory4 ,r$ hogs _h (t5 be5 import$4 ,among ! records ( su* importations are ^? ( ,h5ry ,clay f ,spa9 & ,daniel ,web/] f ,portugal4 ,e>ly ,b]k%ires ( r$ color 7 ?\ght to h be5 us$ 9 develop+ ! bre$4 ,two bre$s1 a ,j]sey ,r$ 9 ,new ,j]sey & a ,duroc 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 came into prom95ce4 ,! =m] 0 a co>se hog ( good l5g? ( body & /rong con/itution4 ,! union ( ^! two bre$s produc$ ! ,duroc-,j]sey4 ,ano!r po9t :i* especially recomm5ds ?is bre$ 9 addition to ^? already m5tion$ is its graz+ ability4 ,illu/ration3 #aj4 ,,*e/] ,,:ite ,! ,*e/] ,:ite4 ,?is bre$ ( :ite hog resembles ! ,pol& ,*9a4 ,! e>s are m droop+1 h[ev]1 ?an ^? ( t bre$ & break =w>d ab\t "o-?ird ! di/ance f ! head4 ,! ,*e/] ,:ite is also wid]1 ?ick] & long] 9 body4 ,! bre$ orig9at$ 9 ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,two o!r /ra9s1 ,todd's ,improv$ ,*e/] ,:ite & ! ,ohio ,improv$ ,*e/] ,:ite1 h result$ f bre$ improvem5t4 ,! latt] has n[ develop$ its own bre$ association4 ,! ,*e/] ,:ite ranks second to ,duroc-,j]seys 9 ! size ( its litt]s1 b ! fact t its :ite color makes x subject to sunburn prev5ts its developm5t 9 ! s\!rn & middle we/]n /ates4 ,! ,hamp%ire4 ,?is bre$ is class$ z betwe5 ! fat & bacon-types4 ,?is is due to a light] %\ld] & ham & a long] side ) less dep? ?an ^? ( ! bre$s previ\sly describ$4 ,al?\gh x w n meet ! dem&s ( ! 8,wilt%ire side0 = ! ,engli% m>ket1 x w provide bacon :i* meets ! dem&s ( ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 #aa4 ,,hamp%ire ,! ,hamp%ire is a black hog ) a belt ( :ite f #d to #ab in*es 9 wid? encircl+ ! body & includ+ ! =elegs4 ,x is m up/&+ ?an ! l>d-type bre$s1 & has a broad & fairly deep body4 ,a n>r[ head ) close set e>s ext5d+ =w>d b n break+ are o!r m>ks ( di/9ction4 ,! ,hamp%ire matures e>ly1 has good siz$ litt]s1 & is a good graz]4 ,! proportion ( fat to lean meat is v desirable4 ,little is kn[n ( its e>ly hi/ory o!r ?an t x orig9at$ 9 ,hamp%ire1 ,engl&1 & t repres5tatives 7 br\ght to ,k5tucky at an e>ly date4 ,select+ ! pigs4 ,9 *oos+ a bre$ a club memb] w d well to select ! "o :i* is mo/ preval5t 9 8 community1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t x is a bre$ :i* meets ! m>ket requirem5ts & 9 o!r ways is adapt$ to local conditions4 ,?is w be ! case if he lives 9 a community ( successful sw9e bre$]s4 ,gett+ />t$4 ,aft] a bre$ has be5 decid$ ^u1 ! next ?+ is to pick out ! individuals4 ,a pig club memb] may />t ) a pig or pigs aft] wean+1 or a br$ gilt may be pur*as$4 ,:]ev] possible a pure-br$ s[ pig or gilt %\ld be secur$4 ,two ?+s are to be consid]$1 ! p$igree & individuality ( ! animal4 ,unless y are famili> ) p$igrees1 x is be/ to leave t to ! reliable bre$] ) :om y are deal+4 ,e pig club memb]1 h[ev]1 %\ld be able to pick out a good pig4 ,f\r ?+s %\ld be consid]$ 9 select+ a bre$+ animal3 =m1 quality1 con/itution1 sex "* & type4 ,x is true t ! matt] is m difficult ) a "y pig ?an ) an old] pig1 b "p or all ( ^! conditions may be not$ 9 ! "y pig4 ,a pig ) a comp>atively long body & ) good dep? & wid? %\ld be select$4 ,x %\ld /& squ>ely on %ort legs ( good bone4 ,!re %\ld be no wr9kles on ! body4 ,a good he>t gir? indicates pl5ty ( room = ! lungs & d5otes a /rong con/itution4 ,quality is %[n 9 f95ess ( bone & hair4 ,too f9e a bone %\ld be avoid$4 ,to judge type "o mu/ be famili> ) ! requirem5ts ( ! v>i\s bre$s4 ,above all1 ! pig select$ %\ld be a good fe$]4 ,c>e & managem5t4 ,aft] ! pig or pigs are secur$1 ! next problem is "o ( c>e & managem5t4 ,e pig club memb] %\ld keep 9 m9d t pigs require a v>iety ( clean food1 clean wat]1 ex]cise &1 a clean b$ if !y are to ?rive & be pr(itable4 ,be+ a l>ge fe$] ! pig w eat dirty food f a dirty tr\gh if no o!r is (f]$4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is (t5 ?\ght t he w get along "u any sort ( circum/ances4 ,su* is n ! case4 ,no animal w respond m quickly to c>eful1 intellig5t treatm5t ?an ! pig4 ,illu/ration3 #ad4 ,a ,,good ,,hog ,,h\se ,h\ses4 ,hogs mu/ be h\s$ 9 dry1 w>m1 clean1 & well-v5tilat$ h\ses4 ,sun%9e is a v important ag5t 9 dis9fect+ & w>m+ ! hog h\se4 ,! well-e/abli%$ bre$] may h a colony h\se1 b = ! beg9n] ! individual h\se ( ! ,a or squ>e type is to be recomm5d$4 ,dur+ ! summ] a good pa/ure w provide *eap1 clean fe$1 ex]cise & a clean b$4 ,x may be necess>y1 h[ev]1 to provide a %elt] f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,?is may be furni%$ by a frame ( poles cov]$ ) /raw or corn /alks4 ,sanitation4 ,x is mu* easi] to keep a pig heal?y ?an x is to cure him aft] he becomes sick4 ,cleanl9ess1 prop] fe$1 dis9fection ( h\ses & animals1 toge!r ) pl5ty ( sunlight1 v5tilation & dryness ( qu>t]s1 w help to keep a pig 9 good heal?4 ,if c>e is tak5 t !re are no unnecess>y cracks or corn]s 9 :i* fil? may accumulate1 x w be easy to keep h\ses1 tr\ghs & fe$+ floors sanit>y4 ,a good dis9fectant %\ld be us$ regul>ly 9 ! p5s4 ,five p>ts ( crude c>bolic acid 9 "o hundr$ p>ts ( wat] is recomm5d$4 ,all fil? %\ld be remov$ be=e ! dis9fectant is appli$4 ,once a ye> all build+s %\ld be :itewa%$4 ,a p9t ( crude c>bolic acid %\ld be add$ to ea* ?ree gallons ( :itewa%4 ,fe$ lots & pa/ures _c be dis9fect$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 b applications ( lime & an occasional pl[+ w help4 ,hog wall[s & dips4 ,! pig is n naturally a fil?y animal1 & if giv5 an opportunity w keep fairly clean4 ,dur+ ! extreme heat ( summ] ! pig suff]s1 ow+ to ! fact t he p]spires b little4 ,he seeks ! %elt] ( a cool mud wall[ to get relief f heat & p>asites4 ,! intellig5t hog rais] w provide a concrete wall[ & keep x fill$ ) eight or t5 in*es ( wat]4 ,coal-t> or crude oil add$ to ! wat] helps to rid ! animal ( lice4 ,:]e ! animals are badly infe/$ ) lice x w be necess>y to wet !m all ov]1 z ! lice are f\nd beh9d ! e>s1 inside ( ! legs & 9 ! folds ( ! sk94 ,a two p] c5t solution ( creol9 may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,worms4 ,pigs are (t5 affect$ ) worms :i* int]f]e ) _! ?rift9ess4 ,a tablespoonful ( ca/or oil & =ty drops ( oil ( ,am]ican wormse$ %\ld be giv5 9 ! slop to wormy pigs4 ,six gra9s ( santon9 & f\r gra9s ( calomel p] #ajj p\nd pig is also us$ successfully4 ,hog *ol]a4 ,x is n possible )9 ! scope ( a small book to describe all ( ! diseases t attack pigs4 ,e pig club memb]1 h[ev]1 %\ld "k some?+ ab\t hog *ol]a1 ! greate/ sc\rge :i* attacks sw9e4 ,! g]ms ( hog *ol]a may be c>ri$ on ! boots ( visitors1 by pigeons or dogs4 ,x c only be combatt$ by vacc9ation ( heal?y hogs1 qu>ant9+ ( all sick hogs1 burn+ ( all dead hogs & dis9fection ( premises4 ,?ree me?ods ( vacc9ation are 9 use3 7#a7 ,! injection ( an anti-*ol]a s]um1 :i* makes ! hog immune only a few mon?s or weeks4 7#b7 ,! simultane\s treatm5t :]eby ! s]um us$ 9 7#a7 & ! defibr9at$ blood or virus f a diseas$ hog are inject$ toge!r4 ,?is treatm5t r5d]s ! hog immune = life4 7#c7 ,9 ! comb9ation me?od1 s]um alone is us$ fir/1 & t5 days lat] ! simultane\s treatm5t is adm9i/]$4 ,?is me?od is seldom us$4 ,! s]vices ( a skill$ vet]9>ian %\ld be secur$ to vacc9ate hogs4 ,fe$s & fe$+4 ,prote91 fats1 & c>bohydrates are ! ?ree classes ( nutri5ts f\nd 9 fe$s4 ,^!1 9 addition to m9]al matt] & wat]1 furni% mat]ial = ! ma9t5ance & gr[? ( ! pig4 ,prote9s furni% ! mat]ial = ! production ( muscle4 ,fats & c>bohydrates provide fuel = heat+ ! body & giv+ activity to ! muscles4 ,an excess ( food nutri5ts1 especially fats & c>bohydrates1 is /or$ 9 ! body z fat4 ,! m9]al matt] goes into ! production ( bone4 ,all fe$s d n conta9 ^! nutri5ts 9 ! same proportions4 ,"s fe$s1 l corn1 are defici5t 9 prote91 :ile o!rs1 l tankage1 conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( prote94 ,illu/ration3 #ae4 ,a ,,self-,,fe$] ,f ! =ego+ x is easily se5 t ! problem ( ! hog rais] is to use a comb9ation ( fe$s :i* w provide ! prop] proportions ( ! v>i\s nutri5ts4 ,:ile ! pigs are "y1 bone & muscle produc+ foods are especially necess>y4 ,t[>d maturity ! p]c5tage ( fat produc+ foods may be increas$4 ,corn1 pa/ure & o!r supplem5ts4 ,corn is ! mo/ widely us$ fe$ = pigs4 ,z has be5 /at$1 x is ess5tially a fat produc+ food & mu/ be prop]ly supplem5t$4 ,clov] or alfalfa pa/ure supplies ! prote9 & "p ( ! m9]al matt] :i* ! corn lacks4 ,rape furni%es good pa/ure = hogs1 almo/ equal to clov] & alfalfa4 ,rye1 blue grass1 c[ peas & soy beans toge!r ) v>i\s pa/ure mixtures h value z hog pa/ures4 ,:]e pigs are f$ 9 a dry lot1 tankage may be us$ to supply ! prote94 ,pa/ure-f$ pigs are ?rifti] & make *eap] ga9s ?an ^? f$ 9 a dry lot4 ,skim-milk or butt]milk toge!r ) tankage makes an ideal supplem5t to corn4 ,middl+s & %orts may also be us$4 ,m9]al matt]4 ,to insure pigs gett+ en\gh m9]al matt] x is recomm5d$ t ! foll[+ mixture be kept be=e !m at all times3#g ,wood a%es or coal scre5+s #a bu%el ,air-slak$ lime #h qu>ts ,salt #h qu>ts ,rock phosphate #c qu>ts ,copp]as 7iron sulphate7 #a qu>t ,! fir/ f\r +r$i5ts %\ld be mix$ ?or\ghly & ! copp]as dissolv$ 9 w>m wat] & p\r$ ov] ! mixture4 ,fe$+ & c>e ( ! s[4 ,9 />t+ 9 ! sw9e indu/ry ) "o or m gilts1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t a s[ %\ld n be br$ until %e is eight or t5 mon?s ( age4 ,e hog rais] %\ld aim to h 8 s[s produce two litt]s a ye>1 f>r[+ 9 ,april & ,octob]4 ,n m ?an two-?irds ( ! gra9 ration %\ld be corn4 ,"s fe$]s pref] to use gr\nd oats & middl+s exclusively4 ,9 any ev5t1 heat+ & fatt5+ foods %\ld be avoid$4 ,9 addition to ! gra9 ration1 roots & clov] or alfalfa hay or skim-milk %\ld be f$4 ,s[s on good pa/ure require little gra9 except j be=e f>r[+4 ,at f>r[+ "t ! s[ %\ld be plac$ 9 a build+1 dry1 free f draughts1 & well-v5tilat$4 ,! fe$ aft] f>r[+ %\ld be ab\t ! same z be=e4 ,aft] ! fir/ week l>g] quantities are necess>y = ! s[ 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! pigs prop]ly4 ,:5 ! pigs are wean$1 ! fe$ ( ! s[ %\ld be cut d[n to *eck ! fl[ ( milk4 ,oats is recomm5d$ = t purpose4 ,fe$+ ! pigs4 ,! "y pigs w le>n to eat at ab\t ?ree weeks ( age4 ,at ?is "t if ! pigs c be f$ sep>ately f ! s[ bett] results w be obta9$4 ,skim-milk1 middl+s & soak$ corn are recomm5d$4 ,"y pigs %\ld be giv5 opportunity = ex]cise b %\ld be %elt]$ f cold w9ds or hot sun4 ,"y pigs may be wean$ at f #h to #aj weeks4 ,avoid too heavy fe$+ at fir/4 ,pa/ure-f$ pigs may be giv5 "o-f\r? ( a p\nd ( tankage1 or "o & "o-half to two p\nds ( skim-milk or butt]milk p] day2 "o-half p\nd ( middl+s may be add$ to ! above ration4 ,add+ bran or f9ely gr\nd oats to ! middl+s w prev5t con/ipation 9 case ! middl+s are too f9e & fl\ry4 ,:at corn is readily clean$ up may be f$ at ! age ( ?ree mon?s or a little e>li] if skim-milk is be+ f$4 ,! pigs %\ld be f$ f\r times a day at fir/ & !n ?ree times4 ,z ! pigs gr[ old] ! corn & middl+s may be increas$1 b at no "t %\ld corn alone be f$4 ,m>kets4 ,! successful /ock man is ! "o :o is famili> ) m>ket requirem5ts & tries to meet !m4 ,e pig club memb] %\ld "k some?+ ( ! m>ket classes & grades ( hogs4 ,^! diff] some:at accord+ to local conditions1 b 9 a g5]al way ! classification us$ on ! ,*icago m>ket may be tak5 z a /&>d4 ,heavy hogs are no long] at a premium except :5 ! price ( l>d is high4 ,!y conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( fat4 ,! v>i\s grades ( hogs 9 ! sev]al classes indicate ! degree to :i* !y h atta9$ to ! /&>d ( p]fection1 prime be+ ! highe/ grade1 & common & inf]ior ! l[e/ grades4 ,but*] hogs are commonly us$ = fre% meat trade4 ,!y are pr9cipally b>r[s4 ,! t]m pack+ ref]s to ! use to :i* ?is class ( hogs is commonly put4 ,!y are inf]ior to but*] hogs & are cut up1 cur$1 & pack$ 9 boxes & b>rels4 ,mix$ pack+ hogs are ^? m>ket$ )\t grad+4 ,speculators (t5 buy !m up & grade !m4 ,! meat ( pigs is unsuitable = cur+ & supplies "p ( ! dem& = *eap1 fre% meat4 ,bacon hogs quot$ on ! ,*icago m>ket are n ! bacon hogs :i* furni% ! ,wilt%ire sides4 ,!y are l>d hogs t are n highly f9i%$1 h a high p] c5t ( lean meat1 & supply ! dem& = lean pork4 ,/ags are males ca/rat$ too late 9 life to grade z b>r[s4 ,bo>s are us$ = sausage & supply *eap fre% meat4 ,! pres5t dem& is = hogs weigh+ f #bjj to #bej p\nds1 & ! hog rais] %\ld aim to f9i% & m>ket 8 hogs at ab\t ^! weights4 ,,m>ket ,,classes ,,& ,,grades ,class ,weight ,sub-,class ,grade ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,prime heavy#cej-ejj ,prime ,heavy #bhj-cej ,prime ,good ,prime ,but*] #ahj-cej ,m$ium #bbj-bhj ,good ,common ,prime ,light #ahj-bbj ,good ,common ,good ,heavy #cjj-ejj ,common ,inf]ior ,good ,pack+ #bjj-ejj ,m$ium #bej-cjj ,common ,inf]ior ,good ,mix$ #bjj-bhj ,common ,inf]ior ,*oice ,engli% #afj-bbj ,light ,fat ,bacon ,*oice ,u4 ,s4 #aee-aie ,good ,common ,light #abe-bbj ,good ,light light #abe-aej ,common ,inf]ior ,good ,light mix$ #aej-bbj ,common ,inf]ior ,*oice ,pigs #fj-abe ,good ,common ,r\ghs ,/ags ,bo>s ,roa/+ pigs ,fe$]s ,misc4 ,gov]nm5ts ,p5 hold]s ,dead hogs ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,notebook ,,que/ions 7,write brief answ]s on notebook pages47 #a4 ,:y is hog rais+ su* a popul> =m ( live-/ock production on ! f>m8 #b4 ,9 :at important respects has ! dome/ic pig be5 improv$ f ! wild hog8 #c4 ,:at are ! *ief diff]5ces betwe5 ! bacon-type & l>d-type ( hog8 #d4 ,:at are ! *>act]i/ics ( a good brood s[8 ,( a good bo>8 #e4 ,"n ! /&>d bre$s ( sw9e 9 ?is c\ntry4 #f4 ,:at is y\r favorite bre$ & :y8 #g4 ,:at are "s ( ! fe$s supplem5t>y to corn 9 productive sw9e fe$+8 #h4 ,give "s reasons :y sw9e %\ld be %elt]$4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( a good pigg]y8 #i4 ,"n five ?+s y consid] ess5tial 9 ! c>e ( ! brood s[4 #aj4 ,li/ "s int]e/+ hog habits4 ,,app5dix ,a ,,model ,,con/itution1 ,,) ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,p>liam5t>y ,,proc$ure#h ,,con/itution ,article ,i4 ,! "n ( ?is organization %all be ! 7,s*ool1 t[n%ip1 c\nty1 etc47 ,club4 ,article ,,ii4 ,! object ( ?is club is to increase ! agricultural1 educational1 & social advantages ( 7,"n ( geographical unit7 ?r\gh home projects1 ent]ta9m5ts1 lectures1 fairs1 exhibits1 etc4 ,article ,,iii4 ,all boys & girls liv+ 9 7,geographical unit7 betwe5 ! ages ( #aj & #ah ye>s %all be eligible = memb]%ip4 ,article ,,iv4 ,sec4 #a4 ,! (fic]s ( ?is club %all consi/ ( a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 a secret>y1 & a treasur]4 ,sec4 #b4 ,a majority vote %all con/itute an election4 ,article ,v4 ,rob]ts' ,rules ( ,ord] %all gov]n ! meet+s ( ! club4 ,article ,,vi4 ,! ord] ( bus9ess = all regul> meet+s %all be z foll[s4 #a4 ,call to ord]4 #b4 ,roll call4 #c4 ,read+ ( m9utes ( la/ meet+4 #d4 ,addition or corrections to ! m9utes4 #e4 ,reports ( committees4 #f4 ,old bus9ess4 #g4 ,new bus9ess4 #h4 ,consid]+ new names = memb]%ip4 #i4 ,lit]>y program4 #aj4 ,recreation or refre%m5ts4 #aa4 ,adj\rnm5t4 ,article ,,vii4 ,committees = special purposes may be appo9t$ by ! presid5t at any "t4 ,,by-,,laws ,article ,i4 ,! club motto %all be 8,to make ! ,,be/1 ,,bett]10 & ! club emblem %all be a f\r-leaf clov] be>+ an ,h on ea* leaf4 ,article ,,ii4 ,! (fic]s %all be elect$ by ballot at ! annual election 9 7,mon?7 ( ea* ye>4 ,article ,,iii4 ,! regul> meet+ ( ! club %all take place at 7,"n ( build+7 on ! 4 7,day ( ! mon?7 ,article ,,iv4 ,sec4 #a4 ,a quorum %all consi/ ( 7,usually two-?irds7 ( ! memb]%ip ( ! club4 ,sec4 #b4 ,?is con/itution may be am5d$ by a vote ( 7,two-?irds7 ( ! memb]s pres5t at any regul> meet+4 ,,p>liam5t>y ,,practice ,,h9ts ,,& ,,sugge/ions a4 ,always address ! presid5t z ,mr4 or ,miss ,presid5t4 b4 ,all rem>ks %\ld be address$ to ! presid5t4 c4 ,!re %\ld be no talk+ betwe5 memb]s4 d4 ,! presid5t %\ld recognize ! p]son :o seeks ! floor by say+3 8,mr4 or ,miss 40 e4 ,?is indicates t ! p]son ?us recogniz$ has ! privilege ( speak+ 7( ! floor7 & mu/ n be int]rupt$4 f4 ,! only int]ruptions all[able are 7#a7 a call = a po9t ( ord]1 or 7#b7 a "q4 g4 ,a po9t ( ord] applies to a memb] :o has made a motion :i* is out ( ord] because ( ano!r motion be=e ! meet+1 or to a memb] ^: rem>ks are n on ! subject "u consid]ation1 or to a p]son :o is exce$+ ! "t limit = discussion1 etc4 ,a po9t ( ord] is execut$ z foll[s3 ,memb] ris+ :ile ano!r is speak+3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i rise to a po9t ( ord]40 ,! presid5t w !n recognize ! speak] z foll[s3 8,mr4 1 please /ate y\r po9t ( ord]40 ,memb] :o has int]rupt$ speak]3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ! speak]1 ,mr4 7,int]rupt$ memb]'s "n7 is out ( ord] because 8 rem>ks are n on ! subject "u consid]ation 7or is out ( ord] because !re is ano!r motion be=e ! meet+740 ,presid5t3 8,! *air decides t ! po9t is 7or is n7 well tak540 ,:]eupon ! int]rupt$ speak] takes 8 seat or makes an appeal f ! decision ( ! *air z foll[s3 ,int]rupt$ speak]3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i appeal f ! decision ( ! ,*air40 ,presid5t3 8,mr4 appeals f ! decision ( ! *air4 ,z _m z are 9 favor ( su/a9+ ! decision ( ! *air w make manife/ by say+ #8,aye2' contr>y-m9d$1 #8,no4'0 ,! motion is 7or is n7 c>ri$4 ,if ! motion is c>ri$1 & ! decision ( ! *air is ?us su/a9$1 ! int]rupt$ speak] has no fur!r rec\rse & mu/ take 8 seat4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! motion is lo/ & ! decision ( ! *air is n su/a9$1 ! speak] may cont9ue to speak4 ,"q4 ,! speak] may be int]rupt$ by any memb] = ! purpose ( ask+ a "q4 ,?is "q may be "o ( p]sonal privilege or may be = ! purpose ( ga9+ in=mation ab\t ! subject "u discussion4 ,! execution ( ?is motion may proce$ z foll[s3 ,memb] tak+ floor :ile ano!r memb] is speak+3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i rise to a "q ( in=mation40 ,presid+ (fic]3 8,/ate y\r "q40 ,memb]3 8,d ,i und]/& ! speak] to mean t etc480 ,! speak] !n proce$s to give ! in=mation desir$1 & ! meet+ proce$s4 ,9 case ( a "q ( p]sonal privilege ! process is z foll[s3 ,memb]1 ris+ & int]rupt+ speak]3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i rise to a "q ( p]sonal privilege40 ,presid+ (fic]3 8,/ate y\r "q40 ,memb]3 8,mr4 ,presid5t1 ?is room is too w>m = com=t1 & ,i !re=e ask to h ! w9d[s op5$40 ,9 ei!r case ! presid+ (fic] may rule = or aga9/ ! p]son ask+ ! "q4 h4 ,nev] (f] a motion by say+1 8,i move y--10 b simply ) 8,i move1 etc40 i4 ,nev] (f] a motion :ile ano!r motion is /ill be=e ! meet+4 j4 ,be=e any matt] is vot$ ^u ! presid+ (fic] mu/ /ate ! motion fully & completely4 k4 ,! ord9>y =m ( vot+ ^u regul> motions is z foll[s3 ,presid+ (fic]3 8,all 9 favor ( ?is motion say #8,aye' 7a %ort pause = ! vote72 contr>y1 #8,no4'0 ,! presid+ (fic] !n ann\nces ! result by say+3 8,! motion is c>ri$10 or 8,! motion is lo/40 l4 ,motions = "q ( privilege or po9t ( ord] take prec$5ce ov] all o!r motions4 m4 ,nev] attempt to place too _m am5dm5ts to a motion4 7,two are all[able2 t is1 an am5dm5t to an am5dm5t47 ,x is usually mu* bett] to (f] a sub/itute motion4 n4 ,a motion may n be put to a vote ( ! meet+ until x has be5 second$ or support$ by "s memb] o!r ?an ! "o mak+ ! motion4 o4 ,9 case ( tie votes ! presid5t or presid+ (fic] decides ! motion4 p4 ,a motion to adj\rn ! meet+ is 9 ord] at any "t4 ,9 addition to ^! simple rules :i* may s]ve = ! beg9n+ ( ! club's activities1 ea* club libr>y %\ld conta9 a mod]n "w on p>liam5t>y practice4 ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,(fic]s ,! ,presid5t #a4 ,calls ! meet+s to ord]4 #b4 ,ann\nces ! ord] ( bus9ess4 #c4 ,puts all que/ions & motions4 #d4 ,decides po9ts ( ord]4 #e4 ,decides ! votes4 #f4 ,calls ano!r memb] to ! *air if he or %e wi%es to take "p 9 ! debate4 ,! ,vice-,presid5t #a4 ,p]=ms all ! duties ( ! presid5t 9 case he or %e is abs5t4 ,! ,secret>y #a4 ,keeps ! m9utes ( all meet+s4 #b4 ,h&les all correspond5ce4 #c4 ,s5ds or po/s notices = meet+s4 #d4 ,reads ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+s4 #e4 ,acts z *airman 9 case bo? presid5t & vice-presid5t are abs5t4 ,! ,treasur] #a4 ,collects all dues & moneys4 #b4 ,keeps an acc\nt ( all moneys collect$ & paid out4 #c4 ,pays bills :5 ord]$ by ! presid5t or secret>y4 ,,sugge/ive ,,programs ,,= ,,agricultural ,,clubs ,! programs = club meet+s w dep5d l>gely on ! type ( project1 ! "t to be devot$ to meet+s1 & ! orig9ality ( ! lead]4 ,!re %\ld be some?+ = ev]yone to d2 ea* individual %\ld h "s %>e 9 ea* club meet+4 ,! g5]al program might divide itself into3 7#a7 project2 7#b7 bus9ess1 lit]>y1 & demon/ration2 7#c7 social4 ,no "o ( ^! ?ree divisions c be c>ri$ on exclusive ( ! o!rs4 ,! projects w h _! /ories1 ! lit]>y programs w sometimes include project demon/rations1 :ile ! social _s %\ld always be pres5t4 ,x w\ld be well to comb9e z mu* ( a 8d0 program z possible ) ! lit]>y "w4 ,demon/rations1 8/unts10 & conte/s always add int]e/4 ,d n =get t music is always a welcome addition to a club program4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions are giv5 m]ely to assi/ ! club 9 arrang+ = ! ye>'s "w4 ,fur!r sugge/ions may be obta9$ by /udy+ ! programs ( projects o!r ?an y\rs4 ,meet+s %\ld be held at lea/ once a mon?1 p]haps (t5] at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>4 ,!y may be held 9 ! s*oolh\se ,friday aft]noon1 & ! "y pupils & o!rs1 n memb]s ( ! club1 may be gue/s4 ,occasional ev5+ meet+s ) social features & refre%m5ts %\ld be held4 ,9 ! conduct ( club meet+s a good club lead] 7or tea*]7 w rema9 9 ! backgr\nd z mu* z possible1 p]mitt+ ! (fic]s ( ! club to conduct ! meet+4 ,p>5ts1 patrons1 memb]s ( ! advisory committee1 & outside speak]s %\ld h a place on c]ta9 programs1 b x %\ld ev] be borne 9 m9d t ! club is = boys & girls1 & c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ t ! adults d n cr[d !m (f ! programs4 ,a club w be f> m successful if x succe$s 9 /imulat+ its own memb]s to take "p 9 club meet+s1 ?an if x m]ely fills up its programs ) outside speak]s4 ,9 connection ) ! club meet+s1 visits %\ld be made to places :]e actual club "w c be obs]v$4 ,! corn plat1 ! pig p51 & ! g>d5 %\ld be utiliz$ 9 ?is connection4 ,obs]vation trips & 8hikes0 %\ld be tak5 to obs]ve ideal conditions on f>ms or 9 homes4 ,,g5]al ,,program ,,organization 7#a7 ,roll call4 ,talks on3 ,purpose ( organization4 ,h[ we are connect$ ) o!r organizations4 ,:at o!rs w d = u4 ,:at we w d = ourselves4 ,:at we w d = o!rs4 ,h[ we are go+ to make our club a success4 ,discussions ( assignm5ts = mon?s4 ,discussion ( record books4 ,,pig ,,club ,,programs 7#a7 ,roll call1 answ]$ by nam+ bre$s or bre$ *>act]i/ics4 ,talks on3 ,orig9 ( sw9e4 ,*>act]i/ics ( l>d hog4 ,*>act]i/ics ( bacon hog4 ,demon/ration3 ,locat+ & nam+ p>ts ( a hog f a draw+1 picture1 or *>t 7#b7 ,roll call1 answ]$ by names ( prom95t bre$]s4 ,talks on3 ,hi/ory ( ,duroc-,j]sey4 ,hi/ory ( ,pol& ,*9a4 ,hi/ory ( ,*e/] ,:ite4 ,hi/ory ( ,b]k%ire4 ,hi/ory ( ,hamp%ire4 7#c7 ,roll call1 answ]$ by nam+ ess5tials = a heal?y h]d4 ,talks on3 ,m9]al matt] 9 ! ration4 ,sanit>y hog h\ses4 ,individual hog h\ses vs4 ! colony hog h\se4 ,dipp+ hogs4 ,demon/ration3 ,mak+ an individual hog h\se1 us+ blackbo>d or model4 7#d7 ,roll call1 answ]$ by nam+ =age crops suitable = sw9e4 ,talks on3 ,alfalfa pa/ure4 ,rape4 ,o!r k9ds ( pa/ure4 7#e7 ,roll call1 answ]$ by nam+ fe$s suitable = sw9e4 ,talks on3 ,home gr[n fe$s4 ,fe$s t mu/ be pur*as$4 ,demon/ration3 ,blackbo>d explanation ( nutritive ratio ( a fe$ or a ration4 7#f7 ,judg+ conte/3 ,ea* memb] to place ?ree hogs4 7,basis ( aw>d3 plac+1 #ej2 reasons1 #ej47 ,,ref]5ces ,,on ,,pigs 7,books7 ,productive ,sw9e ,husb&ry--,day4 ,no4 #a4 ,sw9e 9 ,am]ica--,coburn4 ,no4 #b4 ,! ,hog ,book--,dawson4 ,no4 #c4 ,manual ( ,f>m ,animals--,h>p]4 ,no4 #d4 ,pigs = ,pr(it--,walk]4 ,no4 #e4 ,sw9e--,dietri*4 ,no4 #f4 ,fe$s & ,fe$+--,h5ry & ,morrison4 ,no4 #g4 ,judg+ ,f>m ,animals--,plumb4 ,no4 #h4 ,pr9ciples & ,practices ( ,judg+ ,live ,/ock--,gay4 ,no4 #i4 7,bullet9s7 ,bul4 #aji4 ,! ,location1 ,con/ruction1 & ,op]ation ( ,hog ,h\ses4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,urbana1 ,ill4 ,no4 #aj4 ,bul4 #adg4 ,pork ,production4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,l9coln1 ,neb4 ,no4 #aa4 ,bul4 #abd4 ,fatt5+ ,hogs 9 ,nebraska4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,l9coln1 ,neb4 ,no4 #ab4 ,bul4 #acf4 ,=age ,crops = ,sw9e4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,ames1 ,ia4 ,no4 #ac4 ,bul4 #adc4 ,hogg+ ,d[n ,corn--,a ,successful ,practice4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,ames1 ,ia4 ,no4 #ad4 ,bul4 #aaj4 ,=age ,crop ,rotations = ,pork ,production4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,columbia1 ,mo4 ,no4 #ae4 ,f>m]s' ,bul4 #bje4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,no4 #af4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,home ,,project ,,notebook ,,pig ,,rais+ ,,project ,,record ,ye> ,"n ,p4 ,o4 ,box ,r\te ,c\nty ,"n ( ,club ,s*ool ,di/4 ,no ,tea*] ,club ,lead] ,,pig ,,project ,,/udy ,,outl9e#i ,! foll[+ outl9e may s]ve z a guide to ea* pupil 9 ! /udy ( 8 project1 or x may be us$ by ! class z a :ole 9 _! discussion ( ! subject3 7,ea* pupil %\ld write ! answ]s to ! que/ions47 ,i4 ,%all ,i raise pigs = my project8 #a4 ,d ,i l pigs8 #b4 ,is ?is section suit$ to ! pr(itable production ( pork8 #c4 ,d pigs fit 9 well ) our f>m managem5t plan8 #d4 ,is *ol]a or any o!r disease likely to prev5t pr(its8 ,,ii4 ,:at %all be my aim 9 rais+ pigs8 #a4 ,%all ,i fe$ "o or m pigs dur+ ! summ] to m>ket 9 ! fall or w9t]8 #b4 ,%all ,i aim t[>d build+ up a pure-br$ h]d = bre$+ purposes8 #c4 ,%all ,i make a comb9ation ( ! aims above8 ,,iii4 ,h[ %all ,i get a />t8 #a4 ,%all ,i buy "o or m "y pigs8 #b4 ,%all ,i buy a s[ :i* has be5 br$8 #c4 ,%all ,i buy pure-br$ pigs or grades8 #d4 ,:at bre$ %all ,i buy8 #e4 ,d ,i "k ! po9ts ( a good pig8 ,,iv4 ,c ,i give bre$+ animals prop] managem5t8 #a4 ,d ,i "k h[ to manage ! bo> & s[ at bre$+ "t8 #b4 ,c ,i give a brood s[ ! prop] c>e8 #c4 ,c ,i manage s[ & pigs prop]ly at f>r[+ "t8 ,v4 ,h[ %all ,i c>e = "y pigs8 #a4 ,:at att5tion d !y ne$ be=e wean+8 #b4 ,:at c>e & fe$ %all ,i give !m aft] wean+8 #c4 ,:at is ! be/ me?od ( wean+8 #d4 ,%all ,i all[ my pigs to run 9 a pa/ure1 or %all ,i fe$ !m 9 a p58 #e4 ,:at crops %all ,i raise = my gr[+ pigs8 #f4 ,:at special c>e w my pigs ne$ 9 summ]8 ,,vi4 ,h[ %all ,i fatt5 my pigs = m>ket8 #a4 ,:at records %all ,i keep t ,i may "k h[ mu* ! pork ,i am produc+ w co/8 #b4 ,at :at age w fatt5+ = ! m>ket be mo/ pr(itable8 #c4 ,:at is ! mo/ satisfactory ration ,i may fe$ = fatt5+8 #d4 ,:at me?ods ( fe$+ %all ,i use8 ,,vii4 ,h[ %all ,i c>e = my pigs dur+ ! w9t]8 #a4 ,:at is ! mo/ satisfactory me?od ( fe$+ = ma9t5ance dur+ ! w9t]8 #b4 ,:at special c>e w my pigs ne$ 9 w9t]8 ,,viii4 ,:at k9d ( hog h\se %all ,i build8 #a4 ,:at factors %all ,i keep 9 m9d 9 build+ a hog h\se8 #b4 ,c ,i af=d an elaborate h\se8 #c4 ,c ,i make a plan = su* a h\se z ,i ne$ & build x8 ,,ix4 ,h[ c ,i prev5t disease8 #a4 ,d ,i appreciate ! importance ( cleanl9ess & sanitation8 #b4 ,w ,i give ! pigs a *ance to keep clean8 #c4 ,d ,i "k h[ to prev5t su* common ailm5ts z sc\rs1 worms1 & lice8 #d4 ,d ,i "k ! nature ( hog *ol]a1 h[ to h&le a case ( infection1 & h[ to prev5t su* infection8 ,! pupil is urg$ to answ] all que/ions1 make all records1 describe all op]ations1 & give all results call$ = 9 ! cal5d> ( mon?ly activities on ! foll[+ notebook pages4 #a4 ,bre$ ( hog #b4 ,sex #c4 ,"n ( hog #d4 ,is x pure-br$8 #e4 ,is x regi/]$8 #f4 ,if s1 give its numb] #g4 ,date record />t$ #h4 ,age ( hog at t "t #i4 ,value at t "t #aj4 ,weight at t "t #aa4 ,ab\t h[ _m m9utes did y sp5d ea* day c>+ = y\r pig8 #ab4 ,h[ _m h\rs does ?is am\nt to = ! :ole project8 ,i /ate ^u my honor z a ,pig ,club memb] t ,i h answ]$ all ( ! que/ions z correctly z ,i am able4 7,sign$7 ,date :5 record is f9i%$3 ,,regi/ration ,,record ,s[ ,s]vice ,bo> ,date ( ,date ( ,no4 ( ,rem>ks ,s]vice ,f>r[+ ,pigs ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,"n ,no4 ,"n ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,que5's ,model #acbga;,big ,lad #bfhc;,jan4 #a1 '#ah;,apr4 #bb1 '#ah #aj ,all ,o4,k4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,bre$ ,,select$ ,,fe$ ,,record ,ea* "t any fe$ is weigh$ out ! k9d & weight %\ld be ent]$ bel[4 ,by weigh+ out a sack ( fe$ or sev]al bu%els ( gra9 at a "t1 ?is c be simplifi$4 7,use ! /&>d prices 9 figur+ co/ ( fe$1 pa/ure1 graz+ crops1 & wa/e47 ,value ,date ,k9d ( ,fe$ ,p\nds ( ,fe$ ------------ ,doll>s,c5ts ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,totals ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,give ,record = ,wa/es 9 ,space ,bel[4 ,av]age ,no4 ,total ,no4 ,value ,k9d ( ,wa/e ( gallons ( gallons------------ p] day p] mon? ,doll>s,c5ts ---------------------------------------- -------- ,totals ---------------------------------------- -------- #a4 ,:at k9d ( pa/ure did y use8 #b4 ,= h[ _m mon?s did y\r pig run on pa/ure8 #c4 ,did y cut gre5 fe$ = y\r pig8 #d4 ,if s1 = h[ _m mon?s8 ,doll>s,c5ts ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,total value ( pa/ure ,total value ( gre5 fe$ ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,record ,,( ,,weights ,,by ,,mon?s ,if scales c n be obta9$1 all except ! fir/ & la/ weights ( ! pig may be e/imat$4 ,mon? ,weight 9 ,p\nds ,ga9 9 ,p\nds ---------------------------------------- -------- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #iaj #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #iaj ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? ,fif? ,six? ,sev5? ,eigh? ,n9? ,t5? ,elev5? ,twelf? ,total ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,/&>d ,,prices ,,( ,,fe$s ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,9 ,,keep+ ,,records ,write to y\r /ate club lead] = ! /&>d prices to be us$ = fe$s4 ,if su* are n available1 use local prices :i* may be obta9$ f elevators1 fe$ /ores1 or local pap]s4 ,= purposes ( comp>ison fe$ prices %\ld be uni=m = a club or class4 ,,f9ancial ,,/atem5t ,,& ,,summ>y ,,note4--,d n fill ?is page until ! project is f9i%$4 ,,exp5ses ,value ( pigs at beg9n+ ,value ( pa/ure ,value ( gre5 fe$ ,value ( fe$ ,value ( kit*5 or o!r wa/es ,am\nt ( labor1 hrs4 ,value ( labor at #aj c5ts p] h\r ,total exp5se ,,receipts ,,note4--,use only spaces t apply to y\r pig4 ,f9al value meat hog1 lbs41 at p] lb4 --or-- ,if a pig = bre$+ purposes1 its weight 9 lbs4 & value ,total receipts ,,summ>y #a4 ,weight at beg9n+ lbs4 #b4 ,weight at end ( project lbs4 #c4 ,total ga9 9 weight lbs4 7,subtract answ] to ,no4 #a f answ] to ,no4 #b47 #d4 ,numb] ( days f$ ,av]age daily ga9 lbs4 7,divide answ] to ,no4 #c by answ] to ,no4 #d47 #e4 ,co/ p] p\nd ( ga9 7,divide co/ ( fe$ by total ga9 9 weight47 #f4 ,f9al net pr(it 7,subtract total exp5ses f total receipts47 #g4 ,at :at fairs did y %[ y\r pig8 #h4 ,did y w9 a prize8 #i4 ,:at 7 !y8 ,,answ]s ,,to ,,notebook ,,que/ions ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,my ,,pig ,,note4--,write y\r /ory on %eets ! size ( ^! & correct x c>efully be=e copy+ x into ?is book4 ,ins]t a picture ( y & y\r pig toge!r1 if possible4 ,use ! foll[+ que/ions z sugge/ions 9 writ+ y\r /ory4 ,use "s o!r title if y pref]3 ,:y are y a ,pig ,club memb]8 ,h[ did y get y\r pig8 ,:at did y "n y\r pig & :y8 ,:y did y select ?is bre$8 ,:y are pa/ures or gre5 crops important 9 pig rais+8 ,did y\r pig dr9k mu* wat]8 ,h[ did y weigh y\r pig8 ,h[ did y fe$ y\r pig8 ,:5 did y fe$ y\r pig8 ,:at did y fe$ y\r pig8 ,h[ did y sp5d y\r "t ) y\r pig8 ,did y\r pig become a pet8 ,:o visit$ y & told y h[ to c>e = y\r pig8 ,:at did y see & le>n at ! pig %[ & prize conte/8 ,:y are well-br$ pigs bett] ?an scrubs8 ,:at are y plann+ to d 9 ! ,pig ,club "w next ye>8 ,:at h y le>n$ ab\t pigs8 ,:at k9d ( a boy makes a good ,pig ,club memb]8 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,my ,,pig ,,ref]5ce ,,read+ ,i ,,h ,,done 7,ref]5ces are numb]$ on la/ page ( ?is book47 ,ref]5ce ,no4 ,pages ,read ,y\r ,op9ion ( ! ,matt] ,read ---------------------------------------- ---- ,no4 #a #ab-bf ,good1 etc4 ,,footnotes #a ,a k9d ( fle% meal prep>$ f refuse meat1 entrails & o!r wa/es t accumulate 9 slaught]-h\ses4 #b ,any =m ( fodd] or food1 ri* 9 nitrog5\s elem5ts & conta9+ a relatively small] proportion ( fibr\s matt] & wat] ?an co>se fodd] or 8long fe$40 #c ,c\rtesy ( ,w4 ,k5drick1 ,/ate ,club ,lead]1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #d ,cr$it is due ! ,univ]sal ,portl& ,cem5t ,co4 = ?is mat]ial4 #e ,p>agraphs #aa & #ab are tak5 f ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,bull4 #ebg4 #f ,tak5 f ,pig ,club ,in/ructions1 prep>$ by ,george ,e4 ,bray1 ,indu/rial ,eng9e]1 ,ext5sion ,division1 ,kansas ,/ate ,agricultural ,college1 ,manhattan1 ,kans4 #g ,?is or ! simpl] mixture recomm5d$ 9 ! project cal5d> may be us$4 #h ,cr$it is due ,mr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,l9deman1 ,/ate ,club ,lead] ( ,mi*igan1 = ?is mat]ial4 #i ,c\rtesy ( ,c4 ,h4 ,lane1 ,/ates ,relation ,s]vice1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture4