,,h&book ,,= ,,light ,,artill]y4 ,,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,dy]1 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant1 ,f\r? ,artill]y1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,,fir/ ,,?\s&4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,john ,,wiley ,,sons4 ,,london3 ,,*apman ,,hall1 ,,limit$4 #ahif4 ,copyright1 #ahif1 ,,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,dy]4 ,,rob]t ,,drummond1 ,,electrotyp] ,,& ,,pr9t]1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,preface4 ,9 prep>+ ?is "w x has be5 my endeavor to place 9 compact =m all ! data ,i c\ld obta9 t might prove ( s]vice to ^? p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( light artill]y1 bo? 9 ! ,regul> ,army & 9 ! ,national ,gu>d4 ,i h held /rictly to ! l9es laid d[n 9 ,army ,regulations1 ,drill ,regulations1 ,(ficial ,reports1 etc41 z reg>ds ! matt] extract$ f su* s\rces2 & su* z has n be5 s obta9$ has be5 c>efully select$ f ! be/ au?orities ,i h be5 able to consult4 ,i make no claim to orig9ality 9 ?is "w4 ,x is drawn on ! l9es ( simil> h&books 9 =eign s]vices2 & a great deal ( ! matt] has be5 copi$ v]batim f ! works consult$4 ,to ! writ]s & compil]s ( ^? works ,i h]eby express my ?anks4 ,:ile ,i d n consid] t ma*9e-guns are prop] weapons = ! light artill]i/1 ,i feel t occasions may arise :5 k reg>d+ !m may prove ( s]vice2 h5ce ! *apt] p]ta9+ to !m4 ,i express1 ) pleasure1 my ?anks to ,lieut4-,colonel ,e4 ,b4 ,willi/on1 #c;d ,u4 ,s4 ,artill]y1 = 8 assi/ance4 ,i am p>ticul>ly oblig$ to ,capta9 ,l4 ,l4 ,bruff1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 = hav+ p]mitt$ me to copy f ! manuscript ( 8 "w on ,ordnance & ,gunn]y 7n[ be+ publi%$71 & also = ! use ( _m ( 8 cuts4 ,8 fri5dly consid]ation 9 s do+ is fully appreciat$4 ,i also express my appreciation ( ! assi/ance giv5 me by ,colonel ,a4 ,r4 ,buff+ton1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t2 ,capta9 ,v4 ,mc,nally1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t2 ,capta9 ,j4 ,l4 ,lusk1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 ,capta9 ,james ,p>k]1 #d? ,cavalry2 ,capta9 ,l4 ,a4 ,craig1 #f? ,cavalry2 ,capta9 ,s4 ,w4 ,taylor1 #d? ,artill]y2 ,lieut4 ,e4 ,b4 ,babbitt1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t2 ,lieut4 ,m4 ,m4 ,patrick1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 ,lieut4 ,e4 ,russel1 #e? ,artill]y2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,trautw9e1 ,jr42 ,mr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,p>k]2 & ,mr4 ,l4 ,v4 ,b5et ( ! ,hot*kiss ,ordnance ,company4 ,! foll[+ is a p>tial li/ ( ! works consult$3 ,u4 ,s4 ,army ,regulations2 ,u4 ,s4 ,drill ,regulations = ,light ,artill]y2 ,u4 ,s4 ,drill ,regulations = ,cavalry2 ,u4 ,s4 ,drill ,regulations = ,hospital ,corps2 ,soldi]'s ,h&book1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a42 ,reports ( ! ,*ief ( ,ordnance1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a42 ,ordnance ,notes2 ,manual ( ,heavy ,artill]y ,s]vice1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 ,tidball2 ,manual ( ,gu>d ,duty2 ,ordnance & ,gunn]y1 ,metcalfe2 ,gunn]y = ,non-commission$ ,(fic]s1 ,cronkhite2 ,description & ,s]vice ( ,ma*9e-guns1 ,mills2 ,lectures on ,explosives1 ,walke2 ,mod]n ,explosives1 ,eissl]2 ,int]ior & ,ext]ior ,balli/ics1 ,+alls2 ,prelim9>y ,tactics1 ,bak]2 ,h&book = ,field-artill]y1 ,r4 ,a4 ,s]vice ,in/itution2 ,! ,soldi]'s ,pocket-book1 ,wolseley2 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+2 ,aide-mmoire de ,campagne2 ,aide-mmoire1 ,r4 ,e42 ,artill]i/'s ,manual & ,soldi]'s ,comp5dium2 ! h&books ( ,trautw9e1 ,haswell1 & ,kidd]2 ,! ,future ,tra9+ & ,employm5t ( ,m\nt$ ,infantry1 ,p>r2 ,! ,soldi]s' ,fir/ ,aid ,h&book1 ,dietz2 ,ny/rom's ,me*anics2 ,horses & ,/ables1 ,fitzwygram2 ,! ,vet]9>ian's ,vade ,mecum1 ,gamgee2 ,! ,book ( ! ,horse1 ,sydney2 ,! ,mule1 ,reilly2 ,special ,report on ! ,diseases ( ! ,horse1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture2 ! pamphlets ( ,hot*kiss1 ,gatl+1 ,maxim1 ,driggs-,s*ro$]1 etc4 etc4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,dy]1 #a/ ,lieut41 #d? ,artill]y4 ,,we/ ,,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,m>* #a1 #ahif4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,m\nta9-,,artill]y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,pages ,description ( #a4fe in* & #c4j in* ,guns--,c>riages --,ammunition--,pack+-outfit--,range ,tables --,organization ( ,m\nta9-batt]ies #a-ch ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,pack-tra9--,h[ ,pack$ #ci-dh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,mule--,description--,diseases--,treatm5 t #di-eg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,g5]al ,in/ructions = ,m\nta9 ,artill]y--,supply ( ,ammunition--,c>e & ,pres]vation ( ,h>ness--,in/ructions = ,driv]s--,m>*es--,camps--,weights & ,dim5sions ( ,=eign ,m\nta9-artill]y #eh-ga ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,field-,,artill]y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,detail$ ,con/ruction ( ,field-guns #gb-hh ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #c4b in* ,guns--,sights--,ammunition--,fuzes--,ra nge ,table #hi-ajg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #c4f in* ,gun--,sights--,ammunition--,fuzes--,c>r iages--,range ,table #ajh-aab #c4f in* ,mort>--,sights--,ammunition--,fuzes--,r ange ,table--,weights & ,dim5sions ( ,=eign ,field-artill]y #aac-abc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,:eel--,c>riage--,limb]--,caisson--,batt ]y-wagon & ,=ge--,artill]y-wagon--,h>ness--,wat]-c> t--,revolv] --,hunt+-knife #abd-afj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,c>e & ,fitt+ ( ,h>ness--,c>e ( ,c>riages--,c>e ( ,guns--,c>e ( ,ammunition--,gu>d ,ord]s #afa-ahg ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,horse--,h[ ,obta9$--,description (--,inspection (--,p[] ( ,teams--,weight beh9d ,artill]y ,teams--,gaits ( ,artill]y--,d5tition--,plate ( ,diseases--,heal? & ,disease--,vet]9>y ,m$ic9es--,drugs & ,doses1 & ,h[ to ,adm9i/] ,!m--,ma%es--,p\ltices1 etc4--,vet]9>y ,notes1 ) ,symptoms & ,treatm5t ( ,v>i\s ,diseases--,/ables & ,/able ,managem5t--,groom+--,fe$+--,k9ds ( ,food--,wat]+--,tra9+ ,horses--,rules = ,treatm5t & ,c>e ( ,horses--,de/ruction ( ,horses #ahh-bfj ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,organization ( ,artill]y--,composition ( ,light ,batt]ies--,equipm5t--,equipm5t & ,clo?+ = ,m>*es--,m>*es--,selection ( ,camps--,mak+ ,camp--,break+ ,camp--,all[ance ( ,wagons #bfa-cjj ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,transportation by ,rail2 by ,sea--,emb>kation--,c>e ( ,animals--,diseases ( ,animals at ,sea--,disemb>kation #cja-cae ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,ma*9e-guns--,! ,hot*kiss ,revolv+ ,cannon--,! ,gatl+ ,gun--,! ,g>dn] ,gun--,! ,maxim ,gun--,! ,metallic ,c>riage = ,ma*9e-guns #caf-cfa ,,*apt] ,x4 ,!oretical ,gunn]y--,def9itions--,g5]al ,pr9ciples--,probability ( ,fire--,bur/ ( ,%ell--,bur/ ( ,%rapnel #cfb-cgb ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! ,causes ( ,bad ,%oot+--,e/imat+ ,di/ances--,range-f9d+--,rule = ,sight+--,g5]al ,duties ( ,artill]y ,comm&]s--,t>get ,practice1 ,h[ ,conduct$--,projectiles ,us$--,k9ds ( ,t>gets--,night-fir+ #cgc-cia ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,cordage1 ,h[ ,pres]v$--,/r5g?--,blocks & ,tackle--,knots1 ,hit*es1 etc4--,la%+s #cib-djb ,bridges--,tre/les1 ,pi]s1 etc4--,s+le-sl+ & ,d\ble-sl+ ,bridges--,/r+] ,bridges--,=ds--,fly+ & ,float+ ,bridges--,rafts & ,casks #djb-dah ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,ha/y ,demolition--,gunp[d]--,dynamite--,h[ ,us$ 9 ,bla/+--,guncotton--,rack-a-,rock--,h&l+ 1 ,transportation1 & ,/orage ( ,high ,explosives--,*>ges = ,ha/y ,demolition--,:]e & ,h[ to ,place ,*>ges #dai-dcj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,batt]y ,books & ,records--,rolls1 ,reports1 & ,returns--,! ,ration--,salt & ,v9eg> = ,public ,animals--,! ,travel-ration--,pres5t ,organization ( ,u4 ,s4 ,light ,field-batt]y--,co/ ( a ,batt]y ( ,f\r #c4b ,guns1 9 ,detail--,price-li/ ( ,artill]y-h>ness--,price-li/ ( ,h>ness = #a4fe ,m\nta9-gun--,price-li/ ( ,artill]y ,acc\trem5ts1 etc4--,price-li/ ( ,horse ,equipm5ts--,price-li/ ( ,/5cil & ,m>k+ ,outfits--,supply ,table ( ,ordnance ,/ores = a ,batt]y ( ,light ,artill]y = ,six ,mon?s--,all[ance ( ,ammunition = ,t>get ,practice--,/&>d ,supply ,table ( ,vet]9>y ,m$ic9es--,tablew>e & ,kit*5 ,ut5sils--,all[ance ( ,clo?+1 ,equipage1 ,fuel1 ,lights1 etc4--,weights ( ,c]ta9 ,articles ( ,clo?+ & ,equipage--,pay ,table ( ,enli/$ ,m5--,summ>y ,c\rt1 & ,li/ ( ,puni%m5ts--,u4 ,s4 ,signal & ,telegraph ,code--,p5etration ( ,projectiles--,cov] = ,field-artill]y--,treatm5t ( ,sick ,m5--,tables ( ,weights1 ,measures1 etc4--,tables = ,conv]t+ ,cu/om>y & ,metric ,weights & ,measures--,salutes--,camp ,furniture & ,mess ,outfits = ,(fic]s #dca-dif ,a ,,h&book ,,= ,,light ,,artill]y4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,m\nta9-,,artill]y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,guns4 ,c>riages4 ,ammunition4 ,pack+ ,outfit4 ,range ,tables4 ,organization ( ,m\nta9-batt]ies4 ,,! #a4fe-;,,in* ,,hot*kiss ,,m\nta9-,,gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,,description4 ,mat]ial /eel ,total l5g? #c4hc feet ,l5g? ( bore #c4dc ,travel ( projectile #c4aj ,calibre #a4fe in*es ,weight #aba p\nds ,grooves #aj ,twi/ ( rifl+1 uni=m #a 9 #bi4hc cals4 ,muzzle-velocity #abih ft4-sec4 ,maximum range #cejj y>ds ,! gun 7,fig4 #b7 consi/s ( ! body & ! bree* me*anism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,! body ( ! gun is made f a s+le =g+ ( oil-temp]$ & anneal$ /eel4 ,! trunnion-r+ is screw$ on ! gun-body j =w>d ( ! re9=ce1 & provides a support = ! front sight4 ,! bore is rifl$ ) a uni=m "r-h& twi/4 ,! l&s are v n>r[ 9 proportion to ! grooves1 & are t5 9 numb]4 ,! ,bree*-block is a solid prismatic block ( /eel ) r\nd$ corn]s1 hav+ a horizontal movem5t 9 a mortise cut completely ?r\gh ! bree* ( ! gun4 ,! front face ( ! block is p]p5dicul> to ! axis ( ! bore1 :il/ ! re> face is slightly incl9$4 ,! left end ( ! block is bor$ to =m a prolongation ( ! *amb] :5 ! bree* is op51 & its front upp] corn] is cut away to all[ free movem5t ( ! extractor4 ,! horizontal movem5t ( ! bree*-block is limit$ by ! /op-bolt1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh ! bree* ( ! gun1 engages 9 a guide 9 ! upp] "p ( ! block4 ,9 ! "r end ( ! bree*-block is m\nt$ a %aft on :i* is secur$ ! lock+-screw1 & :i* t]m9ates 9 a h&le = manuvr+4 ,! ?read ( ! lock+-screw is cut away = ab\t #ajj1 9 su* a mann] t ! bree*-block may be lock$ or unlock$ by a half-turn ( ! h&le4 ,! ,extractor is a s+le piece ( /eel work+ 9 a longitud9al groove 9 ! top ( ! bree*-mortise4 ,its =w>d end is =m$ into a claw to grasp ! head ( ! c>tridge4 ,on ! same side z ! claw is a /ud :i*1 foll[+ a groove 9 ! top ( ! bree*-block1 imp>ts motion to ! extractor4 ,! ,v5t is a cyl9drical *annel pass+ diagonally ?r\gh ! bree* & bree*-block1 & *ang+ direction 9 ! block s z to foll[ ! axis ( ! bore4 ,! friction-prim] _c be ins]t$ until ! two p>ts ( ! v5t are 9 prolongation f ! complete clos+ & lock+ ( ! bree*-block4 ,! ord9>y friction-prim] is us$4 ,,nom5clature4 ,! ,me*anism4--7b7 bree*-block2 load+-hole2 7s7 /op-bolt2 spr+ wa%]2 7r7 /op-bolt guide2 7e7 extractor2 7h7 extractor-hook2 7a k7 extractor-guide2 7c7 lock+-screw2 lock+-screw %aft2 lock+-screw p92 7l7 h&le2 /op2 /op keep-screw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,! gun hav+ be5 fir$1 ! h&le is turn$ to ! re>1 unlock+ ! block & />t+ x 9 ! mortise4 ,draw+ ! h&le sm>tly to ! "r1 ! bree* is op5$1 ! extractor1 actuat$ by ! movem5t ( ! block1 comm5ces to move v sl[ly back ) a p[]ful lev]age1 />t+ ! c>tridge-case f its seat4 ,:5 ! bree*-block has mov$ suffici5tly to unmask ! bore1 ! *ange ( direction 9 ! extractor-guide causes ! extractor to make a quick movem5t to ! re>1 ?r[+ ! c>tridge cle> ( ! gun4 ,a new *>ge be+ ins]t$1 x is pu%$ home until ! head ( ! c>tridge br+s up aga9/ ! extractor4 ,! bree* is n[ clos$ by pu%+ x sm>tly to ! left1 & is lock$ by turn+ ! h&le to ! front4 ,a prim] may n[ be ins]t$ 9 ! v5t1 & ! gun is ready = fir+4 ,,directions ,,= ,,dism\nt+ ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,unscrew ! /op-bolt ab\t f\r turns1 or remove completely4 ,)draw bree*-block4 ,remove extractor1 :i* is n[ free4 ,9 g5]al no?+ fur!r ne$ be dism\nt$ = clean+ & inspection4 ,to dism\nt completely cont9ue z foll[s3 ,remove lock+-screw p9 ) screw-driv]4 ,remove /op keep-screw4 ,drive out /op ) ! drift1 int]pos+ a bit ( wood or lea!r to avoid bruis+ ! /op4 ,)draw h&le & lock+-screw %aft4 ,remove lock+-screw4 ,to m\nt1 proce$ 9 rev]se ord]4 ,,c>e ,,& ,,pres]vation4 ,! gun requires no special c>e beyond t ( be+ kept clean1 free f ru/ & undefac$4 ,brick-du/ or gritty sub/ances mu/ nev] be us$ on any "p ( ! gun4 ,! p>ts ( ! me*anism mu/ nev] be scrap$ ) knives or metal1 or be defac$ or r\gh5$ 9 any way4 ,all p>ts ( ! gun mu/ be kept lightly oil$ z a protection f ru/4 ,aft] fir+1 ! gun %\ld inv>iably be ?or\ghly clean$4 ,to d ?is1 dism\nt ! me*anism completely & wa% e "p ?or\ghly ) w>m fre%-wat] soapsuds2 me*anism1 bree*-block1 mortise1 & b>rel %\ld all be treat$ alike4 ,aft] ?or\ghly scrubb+ all p>ts1 dry !m c>efully & let all /& = a %ort "t to air & dry (f ! moi/ure4 ,aft] dry+1 rub all p>ts ov] ) a well-oil$ rag4 ,m\nt ! me*anism4 ,on ! m>* ! bree* & muzzle %\ld always be protect$ by ! cov]s suppli$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 p>k$1 guns & c>riages %\ld be cov]$ ) paul9s4 ,,sights4 ,! ,front ,sight is a pla9 r\gh5$ /eel po9t-sight1 & is p]man5tly fix$ to ! "r rim-base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! ,b> ,tang5t ,sight 7,fig4 #d7 is a pla9 v]tical b>-sight c>ry+ a slid+ leaf conv5i5tly graduat$4 ,bo? ! b> & ! leaf h clamp-screws to fix !m 9 position4 ,! tang5t sight is only m\nt$ on ! gun :5 9 action1 be+ at o!r times remov$ to avoid injur+ x4 ,! b> is graduat$ to #ae1 ea* be+ subdivid$ into six p>ts4 ,x may be graduat$ 9 y>ds or metres4 ,x is comp5sat$ = natural drift4 ,a v]ni]-m>k on ! head ( ! sight & graduations on ! slid+ leaf correct ord9>y deviations4 ,! ,gunn]'s ,quadrant1 = m\nta9-guns1 is a small pocket-quadrant ) a _s-level limb pivot$4 ,on ! arc are inscrib$ bo? ! degrees ( elevation & ranges correspond+ to ! gun = :i* x is us$4 ,x is ?or\ghly reliable bo? = direct & curv$ fire1 & to a v great ext5t supplants ! sight-b>4 ,! recoil is *eck$ by rope-brakes1 hook$ to ! trail-h&les & pass$ ar\nd ! felloes ( ! :eels4 ,no limb] is us$1 b a pole :i* is readily atta*$ to ! trail is provid$ = haul+ ! c>riage4 ,,ammunition4 ,! ammunition is fix$1 & consi/s ( common %ell & cani/]4 ,weight ( r\nd 7common %ell7 #b4fb p\nds ,weight ( %ell1 fill$ #a4ie ,weight ( r\nd 7cani/]7 complete #c4dg ,weight ( cani/] #b4h ,numb] ( balls 9 cani/] #cj ,p[d]-*>ge #e oz4 mort> ,bur/+-*>ge ( %ell #a4h oz4 ,weight ( c>tridge case empty #e4c ,weight ( fuze #a4i ,! drawn metallic c>tridge-case 7,fig4 #e7 is ( brass1 & is drawn f ! solid metal to %ape4 ,x is re9=c$ at ! base by inside 7c7 & outside 7b7 cups ( ! same metal4 ,! head 7d7 is fa/5$ to ! base by brass rivets :i* clamp ! body1 cups1 & head solidly toge!r4 ,a v5t 7v7 is pi]c$ ?r\gh ! head ( ! c>tridge1 & five ecc5tric fla%-holes 7a7 ?r\gh ! re9=c+-cups4 ,! jet ( flame f ! prim]1 ent]+ ! v5t1 lifts ! re9=c+-cups & =ces its way ?r\gh ! fla%-holes to ! *>ge4 ,! *>ge be+ ignit$1 ! pressure ( ! gas imm$iately =ces back ! re9=c+-cups & seals ! v5t4 ,! *>ge1 consi/+ ( #e oz4 ( black p[d]1 is well %ak5 d[n & sep>at$ f ! base ( ! projectile by a felt wad4 ,:5 smokeless p[d] is employ$1 an ignit] conta9+ ab\t #dj gra9s 7#c grammes7 ( musket-p[d] is plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! c>tridge-case4 ,! v5t is seal$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,! ,common ,%ell 7,fig4 #f7 is ( ! cyl9dro-ogival patt]n ) a brass b&1 & is fitt$ ) a base p]cussion-fuze4 ,x conta9s a bur/+-*>ge ( ab\t #a oz4 7#iej grammes7 ( musket-p[d]4 ,! ,cani/] 7,fig4 #g7 consi/s ( a ?9 envelope ( drawn brass1 conta9+ ?irty h>d5$ #a-oz4 lead balls pack$ 9 sulphur4 ,on ! body is an annul> /op to prev5t ins]t+ too f> into ! c>tridge-case4 ,! c>tridge-case c be re*>g$ on an av]age ab\t eight times4 ,,! ,,c>riage4 ,weight complete #bda p\nds ,height ( axis ( trunnions above gr\nd #bg4ee in*es ,diamet] ( ! :eel #cg4d ,track ( :eel #b4df feet ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,,nom5clature 7see ,fig4 #h74--7;a7 trail2 7b7 axle2 7c7 :eel2 7d7 cap-squ>es2 7e7 brea/-transom2 7f7 elevat+-screw2 7g7 lunette2 7h7 hook4 ,,description4 ,! c>riage-body consi/s ( two /eel brackets =m+ *eeks & trail4 ,!y are re9=c$ by angle-/eel & connect$ by transoms4 ,! axle is secur$ 9 b$s rivet$ to ! brackets1 & is arrang$ to be readily dism\nt$ :5 requir$4 ,! elevat+-ge> consi/s ( a simple screw work+ 9 a /\t /eel transom1 & supports ! bree* ( ! gun2 ! prepond]ance is suffici5t to insure /ability4 ,! sponge & rod are secur$ to ! "r side ( ! trail by suitable atta*m5ts4 ,a pole is provid$ = draught :5 easy c\ntry is enc\nt]$1 & provision is made = atta*+ x to ! lunette4 ,! foll[+ articles are c>ri$ 9 ! gunn]'s hav]sack3 #a tang5t-sight2 #a lany>d2 #a sp>e-extractor2 #a sp>e /op-bolt2 #a dism\nt+-p92 #a oil-c2 #b clean+-bru%es2 #a screw-driv]2 #a pair cutt+-pli]s2 #a v5t-clean]2 friction-prim]s4 ,lea!r cov]s are provid$ = ! bree* & muzzle ( ! gun4 ,two bricoles are provid$ = use 9 mov+ by h&4 ,! b& ( ! bricole is ( /\t canvas1 hav+ a %ort l5g? ( rope at its l[] end1 provid$ ) a /\t hook = hook+ into ! swivels on ! ends ( ! axles4 ,,hot*kiss ,,po9t ,,p]cussion-,,fuze4 ,! ,hot*kiss ,po9t ,fuze 7,fig4 #i7 consi/s ( f\r ma9 p>ts3 ! body ,a1 ! plung] ,b1 ! head ,c1 & ! safety-plug ,d4 ,! ,body is cyl9drical & ( brass1 ) a screw-?read & /\t %\ld] at ! upp] end = secur+ 9 ! %ell4 ,! outside ( ! %\ld] is %ap$ to ! ogive4 ,a *amb] is fa%ion$ 9 ! body1 ^: base has a conical hole bor$ = ! safety-plug4 ,! ,plung] is a holl[ brass cyl9d] ) a lead l9+ to give x weight1 & conta9+ a *amb] 9 :i* is a small *>ge ( p[d] ) a fulm9ate cap ov] x1 ! :ole be+ cov]$ ) foil z a pres]vative aga9/ moi/ure4 ,a small brass wire is ins]t$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! plung]1 b5t up s t ! ends project ?r\gh ! safety-plug hole4 ,! ,safety-plug is a lead /opp] =c$ tightly into ! hole 9 ! bottom1 & by p9*+ ! ends ( ! brass wire holds ! plung] /eady4 ,! ,head is ( gun-metal1 ! outside foll[+ ! ogival cont\r & be+ provid$ ) a screw-?read = secur+ x 9 ! body4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! l[] surface is fix$ a small po9t =m+ a /rik] = ! fulm9ate4 ,,range ,,table ,,= #a4fe-;,,in* ,,hot*kiss ,,m\nta9-,,gun4 ,k9d ( p[d]1 ,dupont ,h4 ,n4 ,weight ( *>ge1 #e oz4 ,weight ( %ell1 #a lb4 #ae oz4 ,initial velocity1 #a1bih ft4-sec4 ,angle ( jump1 #bb m9utes ,l5g? ( l9e ( sight1 #ag4ic in*es ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,range4,elevation4 ,angle,sight- ,drift4 ,drift- ,"t ,rema9+,dang]\s ( m>ks4 m>ks4 ( ,velocity4 ,space ,fall4 ,flight4 = ,infantry4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,y>ds4 ,in*es4,y>ds4,in*es4 ,sec4 ,feet4 ,y>ds #ajj -#j #ab #j #ab #j4jjj #j4a #j4jjh #j4a #a1bdc #ajj #bjj #j #jj #j #bc #j4jjj #j4a #j4jji #j4d #a1aia #bjj #cjj #j #aa #j #ce #j4jeg #j4b #j4jab #j4g #a1abe #ahj #djj #j #bc #j #dh #j4abj #j4c #j4jad #a4j #a1jii #aca #ejj #j #ce #a #jb #j4ahc #j4d #j4jad #a4c #a1jff #ajb #fjj #j #di #a #af #j4bee #j4e #j4jae #a4f #a1jcg #hc #gjj #a #jc #a #ca #j4cbh #j4g #j4jah #a4i #a1jjg #fi #hjj #a #ag #a #ec #j4dja #j4i #j4jbj #b4b #ihd #ef #ijj #a #cb #b #af #j4dgi #a4b #j4jbd #b4e #ifa #df #a1jjj #a #dh #b #ci #j4efb #a4e #j4jbf #b4h #idb #dj #a1ajj #b #jd #c #jb #j4fdf #b4j #j4jcc #c4a #ibb #cd #a1bjj #b #ba #c #bg #j4gce #b4e #j4jcg #c4d #ijb #cj #a1cjj #b #ci #c #ec #j4hbi #c4b #j4jdd #c4h #hhf #bg #a1djj #b #eg #d #bb #j4ibc #c4i #j4jej #d4a #hfi #bd #a1ejj #c #af #d #dh #a4jbb #d4f #j4jee #d4e #hec #bb #a1fjj #c #cf #e #ai #a4abg #e4e #j4jfb #d4i #hcg #bj #a1gjj #c #eg #e #ej #a4bcg #f4a #j4jfe #e4c #hbc #ah #a1hjj #d #ah #f #bb #a4cdg #g4j #j4jgj #e4g #haj #af #a1ijj #d #ci #f #ee #a4deg #h4j #j4jgf #f4a #gig #ae #b1jjj #e #ja #g #bh #a4egb #i4j #j4jha #f4e #ghd #ad #b1ajj #e #bc #h #jb #a4fhh #aj4j #j4jhf #f4i #gga #ac #b1bjj #e #dg #h #cf #a4had #aa4j #j4jij #g4c #geh #ab #b1cjj #f #aa #i #ad #a4ida #ac4j #j4ajb #g4g #gdh #aa #b1djj #f #cf #i #eg #b4jgc #ae4j #j4aac #h4a #gce #aj #b1ejj #g #ja #aj #cf #b4bje #ag4j #j4abc #h4e #gbb #aj #b1fjj #g #bg #aa #ah #b4cdb #bj4j #j4aci #h4i #gab #i #b1gjj #g #ec #ab #jj #b4dhj #bb4j #j4aea #i #c #gjb #i #b1hjj #h #bj #ab #db #b4fbd #bd4j #j4aee #i4h #fhi #h #b1ijj #h #dh #ac #bf #b4ggc #bf4j #j4afc #aj4b #fgi #h #c1jjj #i #ag #ad #aj #b4ibh #bh4j #j4agj #aj4f #ffi #g #c1bjj #aj #ae #ae #ci #c4bci #ce4j #j4aii #aa4f #fej #f #c1djj #aa #af #ag #aa #c4efi #da4j #j4bba #ab4f #fcj #f #c1fjj #ab #bj #ah #de #c4iag #dh4j #j4bde #ac4e #faj #e #c1hjj #ac #bg #bj #bj #d4bhd #eg4j #j4bgg #ad4e #eia #e #d1jjj #ad #ce #bb #jj #d4iif #gj4j #j4cbe #ae4e #ega #d ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,if ! axle ( ! c>riage be n horizontal1 multiply ! diff]5ce ( level ( ! :eels 9 in*es 7or ! incl9ation ( ! trunnions 9 degrees7 by ! elevation 9 degrees = ! giv5 range2 ! result w be ! deflection 9 m9utes to be appli$ on ! side ( ! high] :eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,:5 ! %ell is fir$1 ! plung] is =c$ to ! re>1 driv+ ! safety-plug into ! %ell4 ,! small wires be+ free to let ! plung] drive =w>d1 hold x /eadily ) ! rotation ( ! %ell1 & keep x f dropp+ =w>d on ! desc5d+ arc ( a high trajectory4 ,on impact ! plung] drives =w>d1 & ! little magaz9e is explod$ by contact ) ! po9t4 ,a ,frank=d ,ars5al po9t p]cussion-fuze1 small 7model #ahid71 weight #b oz41 is n[ made = #a4fe-;in* ammunition4 ,x is simil> to ! fuze = ! #c4b-;in* field-gun4 ,,dism\nt+4 ,to dism\nt ! me*anism3 ,see page #d4 ,to dism\nt ! gun3 ,?r[ back ! cap-squ>es & lift /raight up at bree* & muzzle4 ,to dism\nt ! :eels3 ,take out ! l9*-p9s1 lift ! c>riage at ! axles & slip ! :eels (f4 ,to dism\nt ! axle3 ,slack back ! clamp-screws ab\t "o turn2 back ! small keep-screws ab\t f\r turns4 ,dism\nt ! :eels2 pull out ! axle4 ,to m\nt ! p>ts1 proce$ 9 inv]se ord]4 ,,load+-,,tools ,,& ,,in/ructions4 ,,nom5clature4--,load+-press2 load+-sleeve2 common %ell-plung]2 cani/]-plung]2 ejector2 *>ge-measure2 bur/]-measure2 c>tridge-funnel2 %ell-funnel2 clean+-bru%2 fuze-wr5*4 ,! load+-tools are suppli$ 9 sets1 enclos$ 9 an oak *e/4 ,!y are n to be c>ri$ into ! field1 b %\ld be set up 9 an appropriate laboratory room4 ,= me?ods to be foll[$ see in/ructions giv5 = prep>+ ammunition = #c-;in* gun1 page #ca1 et seq4 ,,! ,,pack+ ,,outfit ,,= #a4fe-;,,in* ,,gun4 ,?is consi/s (3 ,"o pack-saddle1 = c>ry+ ! gun & :eels ( ! c>riage4 ,"o pack-saddle1 = c>ry+ ! gun-c>riage1 ! pole1 ! spl9t]-b>1 ! h>ness-sack 7conta9+ ! h>ness & ! pole-yoke71 & ! ammunition-pack4 ,"o pack-saddle1 = c>ry+ ! f\r ammunition-boxes4 ,"o set ( d\ble h>ness4 ,"o pole & neck-yoke 7! pole is h+$ s t x c be fold$ = pack+74 ,"o spl9t]-b>4 ,f\r ammunition-boxes hold+ #ah r\nds ea*4 ,"o ammunition-pack hold+ #f r\nds1 = use 9 an em]g5cy4 ,bl9ds1 = use :5 pack+4 ,! ,pack-saddles are id5tical1 ) ! exception ( ! yokes = c>ry+ ! diff]5t p>ts & a few m9or *anges 9 ! pads4 ,! ,h>ness is = two mules & consi/s ( bridles1 brea/-coll>s1 m>t+ales1 bree*+1 traces & pole-/raps1 & h>ness-sack 7duck74 ,! pole1 neck-yoke1 & spl9t]-b> are made ( hickory4 ,ammunition-boxes are made ( p9e & are #bd #h #h4 ,!y h slid+ cov]s1 :i* are connect$ to ! box by a lift+ h+e4 ,ea* box holds #ah r\nds ( ammunition1 & friction-prim]s4 ,weight ( box empty #aa lbs4 #h oz42 weight ( box fill$ #ei lbs41 ab\t4 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,outfit ,,p] ,,gun4 #a pack-saddle = gun4 #a crupp]4 #a belly-c9*a4 #a saddle-c9*a4 #b :eel-/raps4 #b hub-/raps4 #a gun-pad4 #a la%+-rope4 #b bridles4 #b brea/-coll>s4 #b m>t+ales4 #b bree*+s4 #b pairs traces4 #b pole-/raps4 #a bl9d4 #a pack-saddle = c>riage4 #a crupp]4 #a belly-c9*a4 #a saddle-c9*a4 #a c>go-c9*a4 #a trail-/rap4 #a la%+-rope4 #a h>ness-sack4 #a neck-yoke4 #a neck-yoke brace4 #a neck-yoke brace-billet1 & *apes4 #a bl9d4 #a pack-saddle = ammunition4 #a crupp]4 #a belly-c9*a4 #a saddle-c9*a4 #a c>go-c9*a4 #a la%+-rope #a pole4 #a spl9t]-b>4 ,trail-hooks = atta*m5t ( spl9t]-b>4 #d ammunition-boxes4 #a c>tridge-pack4 #a bl9d4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,pack+4 #a4 ,on long m>*es ) a wagon tra9 ! :ole pack+ outfit w be c>ri$ 9 ! wagon tra9 :5 practicable4 #b4 ,on pack+ ! outfit to make exp$itions1 if x is kn[n t !re w be no occasion = haul+ ! gun & c>riage1 ! haul+ appliances1 viz41 h>ness1 pole1 yoke1 & spl9t]-b>1 c be left beh9d 9 ! wagon tra91 at a camp or po/1 z ! case may be2 b z ! haul+ appliances add little to ! pack1 & unexpect$ occasions = _! use are probable1 !y %\ld be c>ri$ z a rule4 #c4 ,! gun & c>riage are to be haul$ :5ev] practicable c\ntry = haul+ occurs1 on a long m>*1 to ease ! animals1 & especially if _! backs get sore1 & also 9 action if ! gr\nd w admit ( x4 #d4 ,if ! draught animals are l$1 ! pack-saddles c be left on ! animals loosely c9*$4 #e4 ,if a driv] rides "o draught animal1 its pack-saddle c be plac$ on ! o!r animal1 or bo? saddles c be plac$ on gun & c>riage4 #f4 ,pressure %\ld fall on back1 n on sp9e & n on sides4 ,mules diff] 9 %ape2 ! same mule is n always symmetrical1 & ! condition v>ies2 !re=e1 :5 saddles fit d n *ange !m )\t good reason4 ,fold saddle-blanket 9 f\r folds & place x c>efully on ! animal2 !n place ! saddle on ! blanket & 9 ! middle ( ! animal's back1 s z to int]f]e z little z possible ) 8 free action1 & c9* tightly ) saddle-c9*a4 ,!y %\ld be drawn tight] ?an ) rid+-saddles1 b only tight en\gh to keep ! saddle securely 9 its place4 ,) a "y mule tight5 gradually & g5tly4 ,ammunition-mules sc>cely ne$ su* tight gir?+ z saddle-mules4 ,! dock ( ! crupp] mu/ be kept s(t1 smoo?1 & pliable4 #g4 ,see t ev]y?+ fits prop]ly be=e load+4 ,place ! h& "u ! blanket to make sure t pressure does n fall on ! )]s4 ,on ! lea/ sign ( a rub on ! ribs take measures to relieve ! pressure f t po9t1 *ang+ ! load if possible4 ,9 cases ( ?is sort1 an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure4 ,a slightly gall$ mule c g5]ally c>ry its saddle1 & sometimes be work$1 if prop] measures are tak54 ,aft] cleans+ & dry+ ! w\nd du/ x ) sulphur #c p>ts1 iod(orm #a "p1 & !n put a piece ( old-fa%ion$ c\rt-pla/] ov] x if ! animal is to be work$4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,pack+4 ,saddles4--,fold saddle-blanket 9 f\r folds & place x on ! animal2 place saddle on blanket & c9* tightly ) saddle-c9*a4 ,no4 #c saddles ! c>riage-mule & acts z driv]4 ,no4 #d saddles ! gun-mule & acts z driv]4 ,no4 #e saddles ! fir/ ammunition-mule & acts z driv]4 ,no4 #f saddles ! second ammunition-mule & acts z driv]4 ,,fir/ ,,animal4 7,see ,fig4 #aj47 ,gun & ,:eels4--,! gunn] removes ! tang5t-sight1 plac+ x 9 ! hav]sack1 & puts on ! bree*-cov]4 ,no4 #a ?r[s back ! "r cap-squ>e & puts on ! muzzle-cov] & grasps gun by manuvr+-h&le4 ,no4 #b ?r[s back ! left cap-squ>e & grasps end ( bree*-block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,no4 #d leads ! gun-mule to ! gun & places him ?ree y>ds to ! re> ( ! trail1 fac+ to ! re>4 ,! gunn]1 grasp+ ! muzzle1 comm&s ,lift1 & all lift ! gun f ! c>riage & place x 9 its be>+s1 bree* 9 front1 sight d[n4 ,! gunn]1 assi/$ by ,nos4 #a & #b1 puts c>go-c9*a ov] gun1 trunnions pass+ ?r\gh slots1 edge ( c9*a ne>e/ to slots 9 front2 c9*es to belly-c9*a2 & !n puts gun-pad on bree* ( gun4 ,nos4 #a & #b on _! respective sides !n lift ! axle :ile ! gunn] removes ! :eels & replaces l9*-p9s & wa%]s2 ,nos4 #a & #b fa/5 !m toge!r ) :eel-/rap1 di% ( :eels inside1 & place !m a/ride ( gun1 hubs betwe5 :eel-pads on c>go-c9*a1 l[] !m to _! prop] position1 & susp5d !m ) ! hub-/rap :i* passes ar\nd ! hubs & ov] top ( gun4 ,on mo/ animals ! be/ position = :eels is to h ! di/ance f bottom ( hub1 measur$ ov] top ( saddle1 #cf in*es4 ,nos4 #a & #b !n buckle ar\nd ! rim ( :eel1 on _! respective sides1 ! two :eel-/raps1 :i* are atta*$ to ! belly-c9*a *ape1 two spokes ap>t on ea* side1 & tight5 ^! /raps until ! :eels are 9 ! be/ position & be> firmly on ! c>go-c9*a :eel-pads1 & on ! gun-pad4 ,! :eel-pack is !n secure & c be easily adju/$ f "t to "t to aid ! animal on ! m>*4 ,if fur!r security is requir$1 la% ! :eels ) ! la%+-rope2 fa/5 "o end ( rope to "o hub1 pass x ar\nd :eels1 "u corn]s ( saddle-pads & ov] & "u ! animal1 & draw tight4 7,! mo/ exp]t pack] ( ! deta*m5t %\ld be requir$ to p]=m ! duties p]ta9+ to t "w :5 necess>y1 z x is v important t ! "w %\ld be done prop]ly47 ,,second ,,animal4 7,see ,fig4 #aa47 ,c>riage & ,h>ness4--,no4 #c leads ! c>riage-mule up & places him ?ree y>ds 9 front ( muzzle1 fac+ to ! front4 ,no4 #a places h>ness 79 its sack7 on left side ) pole-yoke "u flap ( h>ness-sack1 & secures !m 9 position ) ! two /raps :i* are atta*$ to ! saddle4 ,no4 #b places pole 7butt end 9 front7 & spl9t]-b> on "r side & secures !m 9 position ) ! two /raps :i* are atta*$ to ! saddle1 pass+ ! /raps twice ar\nd ! pole & b>4 ,! front /rap passes once 9 front & once 9 re> ( ! p9tle-p94 ,! gunn] at ! trail & ,nos4 #a & #b at ! axle lift ! c>riage & place x 9 position on top ( saddle1 bottom d[n1 trail to ! re>1 s t special %apes ( saddle ar*-irons w engage 9 ! c>riage4 ,! front ar*-iron ent]s ! slot j 9 re> ( c>riage-axle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,! gunn] passes ! c>go-c9*a ov] ! c>riage1 ! wood5 block d[n1 & 9 betwe5 side flanges ( trail1 elevat+-screw pass+ ?r\gh hole 9 c9*a & wood5 block2 !n receives f ,no4 #a ! ammunition-pack & places x 9 position2 c9*es securely1 fa/5s ! prim]-p\* & hav]sack conta9+ accessories ar\nd gun-c>riage *eek1 & ?is pack is complete4 ,,note4--,! h>ness1 pole-yoke1 & spl9t]-b> are n necess>y to ?is pack1 & ! c>riage packs equally well )\t !m4 ,if on ! saddle1 !y are to be left on x 9 com+ into action2 t is1 ! c>riage c be unpack$ & repack$ )\t di/urb+ !m4 ,,?ird ,,or ,,f\r? ,,animal4 7,see ,fig4 #ab47 ,ammunition4--,ea* animal c>ries f\r ammunition boxes1 ea* conta9+ #ah r\nds ( ammunition3 total r\nds #gb4 ,n9e c>tridges & t5 prim]s are pack$ 9 ea* end ( ea* box4 ,! gunn] & ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c put ! ammunition-boxes 9 position1 ! two top ones fir/1 simultane\sly1 & !n ! two bottom ones 9 ! same way4 ,no4 #c !n returns to 8 mule1 :i* he _h turn$ ov] to ,no4 #d2 & ,nos4 #a & #b secure ! boxes 9 position by ! /raps fa/5$ to ! clips1 & ! gunn] c9*es !m securely ) ! c>go-c9*a4 ,he !n passes a la%+-rope ar\nd ! iron h&les on ! ends ( ! boxes & ov] ! pack1 & ! :ole is securely fa/5$ 9 place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,to ,,h>ness ,,= ,,draught4 ,nos4 #c & #d place h>ness on _! mules1 & lead !m into position = hit*+1 & :5 ! pole has be5 adju/$ complete hit*+ 9 front ( mules4 ,nos4 #a & #b lift trail & ! gunn] atta*es ! pole4 ,nos4 #a & #b hit* traces4 ,,weights ,,to ,,be ,,c>ri$ ,,by ,,ea* ,,mule4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,fir/ ,animal4 ,second ,animal4 ,?ird ,animal4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 ,gun #aba ,c>riage #aca #gb r\nds amm4 #ahi ,:eels #ajd ,sponge & rod #a #d boxes #df ,outfit #fe #b prim]-p\*es & cont5ts #g ,outfit #eg ,h>ness 9 sack #ag ,pole-yoke #c ,spl9t]-b> #e ,amm4-pack & #f r\nds #ah ,outfit #fb ------- ------- ---- ,total #bia ,total #bei ,total #bib ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,artific]',s ,,tools ,,& ,,supplies4 ,9 ! composition ( a complete m\nta9-batt]y mu/ be includ$ ! necess>y tools & supplies = mak+ any repairs t may be requir$1 = %oe+ ! pack-animals1 etc4 ,^! con/itute ! loads = f\r pack-mules1 z foll[s3 ,,pione] ,,pack4 #b fell+-axes1 h&l$4 #a cr[b>1 /eel4 #b sl$ge-hamm]s 7#h p\nds71 h&l$4 #d bill-hooks4 #d pickaxes1 h&l$4 #d %ovels4 #d reap+-hooks4 #d hat*ets4 #ej feet ( #a-;in* hemp rope4 ,,=ge ,,pack4 #a m\nta9-=ge1 complete4 #a set ( smi?'s tools4 ,,artific]',s ,,pack4 #a set ( :eelwright's tools4 #a set ( saddl]'s tools4 ,,supply ,,pack4 #a set ( :eelwright's /ores4 #a set ( saddl]'s /ores4 #a set ( f>ri]'s /ores4 ,,sugge/$ ,,organization ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ,! detail$ ex]cise & tactics = m\nta9-batt]ies diff] slightly 9 diff]5t milit>y s]vices1 b ! foll[+ g5]al directions con=m to ! normal condition & w s]ve = ! organization ( tempor>y m\nta9-batt]ies4 ,= pack+1 ea* piece complete requires f\r mules4 ,= ! s]vice ( ea* gun sev5 m5 are requir$1 ( :i* ?ree fight ! gun 9 action & f\r s]ve z mule-driv]s & res]ves4 ,a full batt]y consi/s ( six pieces 9 "t ( w> & f\r 9 "t ( peace1 & %\ld comprise1 9 addition to ! equipm5ts ( a s+le piece1 "o field-=ge1 ) transport-mule & driv]2 two transport-boxes1 conta9+ f>ri]'s1 c>p5t]'s1 & saddl]'s tools1 ) transport-mule & driv] 7"o sp>e :eel pack$ on ?is mule72 "o sp>e c>riage complete1 ) transport-mule & driv]2 ammunition-boxes1 conta9+ small-arm ammunition1 ) transport-mule & driv]2 twelve ammunition-boxes conta9+ res]ve-gun ammunition1 ) ?ree transport-mules & driv]s4 ,! batt]y %\ld be organiz$ into platoons "u lieut5ants1 ea* platoon consi/+ ( a section "u a s]geant4 ,ea* section 7! p]sonnel & mat]ial ( "o gun7 %\ld consi/ ( ! *ief ( section1 gun deta*m5t 7"o corporal & six privates71 & extra driv]s & sp>e m54 ,if !re be b "o ammunition-mule to a section1 ! numb] ( m5 w\ld be r$uc$ to six4 ,! fir/ s]geant %\ld comm& ! ordnance-mules n ) ! fir/ l9e1 viz43 ammunition1 sp>e c>riage1 blacksmi?'s & :eelwright's tools1 relief4 ,he is assi/$ by ! /able-s]geant4 ,! second lieut5ant comm&s ! pack-tra91 & is assi/$ by ! qu>t]ma/]-s]geant4 ,! commission$ (fic]s1 fir/ s]geant1 qu>t]ma/]-s]geant1 /able-s]geant1 & trumpet]s %\ld be m\nt$ on horses2 ! blacksmi?1 :eelwright1 & cooks1 on mules4 ,(fic]s1 s]geants1 & trumpet]s %\ld be arm$ ) pi/ols2 all enli/$ m5 o!r ?an s]geants & trumpet]s1 ) c>b9es4 ,9 l9e !re %\ld be an int]val ( twelve y>ds betwe5 sections4 ,! positions ( ! capta9 & lieut5ant1 & fir/ s]geant & *iefs ( section1 are ! same z 9 a field-batt]y1 bo? 9 l9e & column4 ,! mules ( a section are 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 c>riage-mule1 gun-mule1 & ammunition-mules ) ! di/ance ( a y>d betwe5 !m1 & 9 column ) a di/ance ( two y>ds betwe5 sections4 ,! gunn] is ne> ! "r flank ( lead+ mule2 ,nos4 #a & #b are simil>ly plac$ ) respect to ! second & ?ird mules4 ,! driv]s are on ! left & opposite ! heads ( _! mules4 ,,table ,,( ,,animals ,,requir$ ,,= ,,f\r-,,gun ,,batt]y4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,horses4,mules4 ,extra ,mules4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,capta9 #a -- ,if a long m>* is anticipat$ ,lieut5ants #c -- ! pack-tra9 mu/ ,s]geants #c -- be increas$ accord+ly1 ,trumpet]s #b -- & an increase 9 ! ,cooks -- #b numb] ( ordnance-mules ,blacksmi? -- #a z h]e9 indicat$4 ,:eelwright -- #a ,gun -- #d #d ,c>riage -- #d #d ,fir/ ammunition -- #d #d ,second ammunition -- #d #d ,sp>e c>riage -- #a #a ,blacksmi?'s tools1 etc4 -- #a -- ,:eelwrights1 etc4 -- #a -- ,sp>e -- #e #c ,pack-tra9 -- #aj 8 ------------------ #i #ch #bj increase ( pack-tra94 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! #a4fe-;,,in* ,,hot*kiss ,,gun4 ,m5 ,requir$4--,a gunn] & five privates4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c s]ve z cannone]s2 ,nos4 #d & #e att5d animals4 ,equipm5ts4--,gunn] & ,no4 #a1 prim]-p\*es2 ,nos4 #b & #c1 c>tridge-p\*es4 ,duties4--,! gunn] comm&s1 atta*es & deta*es ! pole1 sets ! sight1 po9ts1 & sup]9t5ds ! s]vice ( ! ammunition4 ,no4 #a mans "r :eel1 controls brake-rope1 op5s & closes bree*1 & fires piece4 ,no4 #b mans ! left :eel1 controls brake-rope1 introduces ! ammunition into ! bore1 & assi/s 9 po9t+4 ,no4 #c keeps ,no4 #b suppli$ ) ammunition & assi/s ! gunn] 9 atta*+ & deta*+ ! pole4 ,nos4 #d & #e att5d animals4 ,,hot*kiss #c-;,,in* ,,m\nta9-,,gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,,description4 ,mat]ial /eel ,total l5g? #c4gf feet ,l5g? ( bore #c4be ,travel ( projectile #c4jb ,calibre #c in*es ,weight #baf p\nds ,grooves #bd ,twi/ ( rifl+1 uni=m #a 9 #be4ei cals4 ,muzzle-velocity #hgj f4 s4 ,maximum range #djjj y>ds ,! bree*-me*anism ( ?is gun diff]s f ! #a4fe-;in* 9 t its /op-bolt engages 9 a guide 9 ! l[] "p ( ! block4 ,! front sight is ( ! op5 type1 all[+ ( a l>ge field ( view4 ,! tang5t-sight is provid$ ) a slid+ head by means ( :i* x may be set be=e plac+ x on ! gun1 & a deflection-slide = correct+ = drift1 w9d1 etc4 ,on ! deflection-slide is an op5 not* = r\gh1 & a peep-sight = f9e1 sight+4 ,! sight-b> is graduat$ on "o side 9 ranges1 on ! o!r 9 millimetres4 ,! sights are on ! left side4 ,,! ,,c>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,,nom5clature4--7#a7 trail2 7#b7 axle2 7#c7 :eel2 7#d7 cap-squ>es2 7#e7 hooks2 7#f7 elevat+-screw2 7#g7 elevat+-lev]2 7#h7 elevat+-transom2 7#i7 lunette2 7#aj7 lunette-plate2 7#aa7 trail-h&les2 7#ab7 brakes2 7#ac7 sponge & rod4 ,,description4 ,l5g? ( c>riage-body #eb4ge in*es ,weight ( c>riage-body #bje p\nds ,weight ( sponge & rod #d4e ,weight ( two :eels #abc ,total weight ( c>riage #ccb ,height ( trunnion-c5tres above gr\nd #bc4g in*es ,diamet] ( :eels #cg4d ,track ( c>riage #bh4ce ,v]tical field ( fire #bj1 -#aj ,total weight ( gun & c>riage #egj p\nds ,! c>riage-body consi/s ( two /eel brackets =m+ /ock & trail4 ,!y are re9=c$ by angle-/eel & connect$ by transoms4 ,! axle is /iff5$ by a re9=c+-plate to :i* is rivet$ ! c>riage-body4 ,! elevat+-ge> consi/s ( a =k$ lev]1 pivot$ at its ne>mo/ end1 & trav]s$ ne> ! middle by ! elevat+-screw4 ,! latt] is support$ by an incl9$ plane on ! elevat+-transom4 ,! bree* ( ! gun re/s freely on ! end ( ! elevat+-lev]1 ! prepond]ance be+ suffici5t to insure /ability4 ,recoil is *eck$ by two rope-brakes1 :i* are hook$ to ! trail-h&les & pass$ ar\nd ! felloes ( ! :eels4 ,= ! m>* "o end ( ea* brake is hook$ to a trail-h&le1 ! rope pass$ diagonally ov] ! trail end & ! free end secur$ to "o ( ! hooks "u ! axle4 ,! sponge & rod are secur$ by suitable atta*m5ts on ! "r side ( ! trail4 ,,! ,,prairie ,,limb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,,nom5clature4--7#a7 axle2 7#b7 axle-b$s2 7#c7 frame2 7#d7 body2 7#e7 p9tle2 7#f7 p9tle-key2 7#g7 %afts2 7#h7 prop2 7#i7 prolonge-hooks2 7#aj7 ammunition-*e/s4 ,,description4 ,weight ( limb]-body #bfb p\nds ,weight ( two :eels #abc ,weight ( f\r *e/s #abc ,weight ( limb] complete #eed ,numb] ( r\nds c>ri$ #cb ,weight ( limb] fully equipp$ #ajje p\nds ,weight ( a pair ( ammunition-*e/s fully load$ #bbe ,total weight ( gun limb]$ #aege ,?is limb] is design$ to relieve ! pack-animals :]e possible4 ,x c>ries f\r ( ! m\nta9 ammunition-*e/s1 :i* may at once be remov$ & c>ri$ on ! pack :5 necess>y1 ! limb]-body be+ tempor>ily ab&on$4 ,two ( ! pack-animals w be f\nd suffici5t = draught1 leav+ ?ree z a relief or = ! transport ( =age4 ,! ,limb] consi/s ( a frame ( angle-/eel1 :i* is provid$ ) b$s to receive ! axle4 ,! body is =m$ ( /eel plate1 ) comp>tm5ts = ! reception ( f\r ammunition-*e/s4 ,! out] *e/s are rais$ slightly above ^? 9 ! middle1 & may be op5$ )\t remov+ !m f ! limb]4 ,on ! limb] are c>ri$ a paul91 a comb9$ prolonge & picket-rope1 a fell+-axe1 a %ovel & a pickaxe4 ,! ,ammunition-*e/s are made ( wood1 cov]$ ) wat]pro( canvas1 & are /rongly iron$4 ,!y provide = c>ry+ eight r\nds ( ammunition1 & h a comp>tm5t :]e9 may be plac$ a package ( friction-prim]s & ! fuze-case4 ,! latt] is a metallic box hav+ comp>tm5ts = five comb9ation fuzes 9 _! seal$ packages4 ,,! ,,ammunition4 ,weight ( c>tridge-case #a4be p\nds ,weight ( *>ge #ad ounces ,weight ( projectile #ab p\nds ,total weight ( complete c>tridge #ad ,total l5g? ( complete c>tridge #ad4a in*es ,bur/+-*>ge1 common %ell #f4c ounces ,bur/+-*>ge1 %rapnel #a ,numb] ( balls 9 %rapnel #afj ,effective fragm5ts1 %rapnel #ahj ,numb] ( balls 9 cani/] #abe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,! ,ammunition consi/s ( a c>tridge-case conta9+ ! p[d]-*>ge1 & ! projectile4 ,! drawn metal c>tridge-case 7,fig4 #af7 is ( brass1 & is drawn f ! solid metal to %ape4 ,x is re9=c$ at ! base by inside & outside cups ( ! same metal4 ,! head is fa/5$ to ! base by brass rivets1 :i* clamp ! case1 cups1 & head solidly toge!r4 ,a v5t is pi]c$ ?r\gh ! head ( ! c>tridge1 & five ecc5tric-fire holes ?r\gh ! re9=c+-cups4 ,betwe5 ! re9=c+-cups is held an iron obturator4 ,! jet ( flame f ! prim]1 ent]+ ! v5t1 lifts ! obturator & =ces its way ?r\gh ! fire-holes to ! *>ge4 ,! *>ge be+ ignit$1 ! pressure ( ! gas imm$iately =ces back ! obturator & seals ! v5t4 ,! ,*>ge consi/s ( #ad oz4 ,i4 ,k4 granul> p[d]4 ,9 ord] to v>y ! *>ge ! ammunition is made 9 two p>ts1 viz41 projectile & c>tridge-case4 ,! c>tridge is put into ! metallic case 9 two half-*>ges1 9 bags1 s t "o may be remov$ if desir$4 ,! v5t ( ! c>tridge is seal$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( wax4 ,! ,common ,%ell 7,fig4 #ag7 is ( ! cyl9dro-ogival patt]n1 ) a copp] b&1 & is fitt$ ) a po9t p]cussion-fuze4 ,x conta9s a bur/+-*>ge ( ab\t #f4c ounces 7#ahj grammes7 ( f9e-gra9 p[d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,! ,%rapnel 7,fig4 #ah7 is made ( ca/ iron4 ,x consi/s ( a body to :i* ! head is atta*$ by ?ree copp] rivets4 ,! bur/+-*>ge ( ab\t #a ounces ( f9e-gra9 p[d] is conta9$ 9 a *amb] 9 ! base1 :i* is br\ght into communication ) ! fuze by a c5tral ignit+-tube4 ,! %rapnel is load$ ) #afj h>d5$ balls pack$ 9 sulphur4 ,^! projectiles are transport$ plugg$1 ! comb9$ "t & p]cussion fuze be+ ins]t$ at ! mom5t ( action4 ,! ,cani/] 7,fig4 #ai7 consi/s ( a ?9 brass envelope1 :i* is l9$ ) six wr\ght-iron segm5ts4 ,! head is ( wood1 & is fitt$ ) a false po9t to br+ x to ! same l5g? z ! common %ell4 ,on ! body is an annul> /op to prev5t ins]t+ too f> into ! c>tridge-case4 ,! cani/] conta9s #abe h>d5$ lead balls4 ,! common %ell are pa9t$ black1 ! %rapnel r$1 & ! cani/] are unpa9t$4 ,,accessories ,,& ,,sp>e ,,p>ts4 ,! foll[+ accessories & sp>e p>ts are suppli$ ) ea* gun1 c>riage1 & limb]3 ,,gun4 #a bree*-cov]1 russet lea!r4 #a muzzle-cov]1 russet lea!r4 #a gunn]'s hav]sack1 conta9+3 #a bree*-sight4 #a gunn]'s quadrant 9 case4 #a lany>d4 #a ,univ]sal fuze-wr5*4 #a cannone]'s hav]sack1 conta9+3 #a sp>e extractor4 #a sp>e /op-bolt4 #a sp>e spr+-wa%]4 #a dism\nt+-p94 #a drift4 #a oil-c4 #b clean+-bru%es4 #a screw-driv]4 #a fuze-wr5*4 #a pair ( cutt+-pli]s4 #a v5t-clean]4 ,,gun-,,c>riage4 #a pair ( %afts4 #a sponge & rod4 #a sponge-cov]4 #b brake-ropes4 ,,prairie ,,limb]4 #d ammunition-*e/s4 #d fuze-cases4 #a pair ( %afts4 #a fell+-axe4 #a pick-axe4 #a %ovel4 #a wat]pro( paul9 #ac x #f4 #a picket-rope & prolonge #bj long4 ,,artific]',s ,,tools ,,& ,,supplies4 ,9 ! composition ( a complete m\nta9-batt]y mu/ be includ$ ! necess>y tools & supplies = mak+ any repairs t may be requir$1 = %oe+ ! pack-animals1 etc4 ,^! con/itute ! loads = f\r mules1 z foll[s3 ,,pione]-,,pack4 #b fell+-axes1 ) h&les4 #a cr[b>1 /eel4 #b sl$ge-hamm]s 7#h p\nds71 h&l$4 #d bill-hooks4 #d pick-axes1 h&l$4 #d %ovels4 #f reap+-hooks4 #d hat*ets4 #ej feet ( #a-;in* hemp rope4 ,,=ge-,,pack4 #a m\nta9-=ge1 complete4 #a set ( smi?'s tools4 ,,artific]s' ,,pack4 #a set ( :eelwright's tools4 #a set ( saddl]'s tools4 ,,supply-,,pack4 #a set ( :eelwright's /ores4 #a set ( saddl]'s /ores4 #a set ( f>ri]'s /ores4 ,,load+-,,tools ,,& ,,in/ructions4 ,tools = load+ ! ammunition are suppli$ 9 sets1 enclos$ 9 an oak *e/4 ,!y are n to be c>ri$ into ! field4 ,! set consi/s (3 ,common-%ell plung]4 ,%rapnel plung]4 ,case-%ot plung]4 ,load+-sleeve4 ,ejector4 ,load+-press4 ,fuze-key4 ,clean+-bru%4 ,%ell-funnel4 ,c>tridge-funnel4 ,c>tridge-gauge4 ,,to ,,fill ,,common ,,%ell4 ,ins]t ! funnel 9 fuze-hole & p\r 9 bur/+-*>ge1 at ! same "t tapp+ side ( %ell ) a wood5 mallet4 ,clean ! fuze-hole c>efully ) bru%1 & make sure t no p[d] rema9s 9 ! ?read4 ,screw ! fuze tightly home4 ,if ! fuze requires m =ce ?an c be giv5 ) ! key to screw x home1 lay x aside4 ,nev] /rike a fuze or attempt to =ce x4 ,,to ,,fill ,,! ,,c>tridge-,,case4 ,weigh ! *>ge 7nev] measure x7 & p\r x 9 ! case ?r\gh a funnel4 ,%ake ! *>ge well d[n by tapp+ side ( case ) flat ( ! h&4 ,ins]t ! wad4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,c>tridge 7#a4fe74 ,! common %ell are ins]t$ fill$ & fuz$1 ! %rapnel empty4 ,oil ! base ( ! projectile lightly1 & c5tre 9 ! m\? ( ! c>tridge case1 ! latt] /&+ on ! b5*4 ,slip ! sleeve v]tically ov] projectile & c>tridge-case4 ,turn ! sleeve to a horizontal position1 hold+ ! head ( ! c>tridge ) ! left h&1 & lay ! sleeve 9 ! press4 ,ins]t ! prop] plung]1 s t x be>s on ! head ( ! projectile4 ,screw ! press home until ! b& ( ! projectile t\*es ! m\? ( ! c>tridge1 or until ! %\ld] ( ! plung] be>s aga9/ ! front ( ! sleeve4 ,unscrew ! press1 remove ! plung]1 pu% out c>tridge ) ! ejector4 ,nev] /rike ! ejector "u any pret5ce4 ,pass ! c>tridge into ! gauge & close slide4 ,,to ,,fill ,,%rapnel4 ,! %rapnel is assembl$ ) ! c>tridge-case be=e fill+4 ,p\r 9 ! bur/+-*>ge v sl[ly1 at ! same "t tapp+ ! projectile lightly ) a mallet4 ,clean ! fuze-hole c>efully1 & screw ! plug firmly home4 ,%rapnel %\ld n be fuz$ except 9 ! field1 at ! mom5t ( _! employm5t4 ,! above rules f9d g5]al application1 ! me?ods be+ modifi$ to suit ! case1 viz41 :e!r fix$ ammunition1 or *>ge & projectile sep>ate4 #c-;,,in* ,,m\nta9-,,gun ,,range ,,table4 ,*>ge1 #ad4a oz4 ,c4 ,projectile1 #ab lbs4 ,initial velocity1 #hec ft4-sec ,angle ( jump1 #j #ci4 ,l5g? ( l9e ( sight1 #ag4ef4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,range4 ,angle ,elevation4,sight- ,drift4,deflection4 ,"t ( m>ks4 ( ,dep>ture4 ,flight4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,y>ds4 ,in*es4 ,feet4 m_/m ,sec'nds4 #j #j #j #j #j #j4jjj ,"r ,left #j4j #ajj #j #bc #j4a #j4a #j4c #bjj #j #df #j #g #j4jcf #j4b #j4b #j4g #cjj #a #aj #j #ca #j4aeh #j4d #j4b #a4a #djj #a #cd #j #ee #j4bha #j4g #j4c #a4d #ejj #a #ei #a #bj #j4dji #a4a #j4c #a4h #fjj #b #bd #a #de #j4ecf #a4f #j4d #b4b #gjj #b #ej #b #aa #j4fgj #b4b #j4e #b #f #hjj #c #af #b #cg #j4hjc #c4j #j4f #c4j #ijj #c #db #c #c #j4icf #c4i #j4g #c4d #ajjj #d #i #c #cj #a4jgd #d4i #j4g #c4h #aajj #d #cg #c #eh #a4bah #f4j #j4h #d4b #abjj #e #e #d #bf #a4cfa #g4b #j4i #d4f #acjj #e #cc #d #ed #a4ejd #h4e #a4j #e4j #adjj #f #b #e #bc #a4fee #i4i #a4a #e4d #aejj #f #cb #e #ec #a4haj #aa4e #a4b #e4h #afjj #g #b #f #bc #a4ife #ac4c #a4c #f4c #agjj #g #cc #f #ed #b4abe #ae4c #a4d #f4g #ahjj #h #e #g #bf #b4bia #ag4e #a4e #g4b #aijj #h #cg #g #eh #b4deh #ai4h #a4f #g4f #bjjj #i #aj #h #ca #b4fcj #bb4c #a4g #h4a #bajj #i #dd #i #e #b4hjg #be4a #a4h #h4e #bbjj #aj #ai #i #dj #b4iia #bh4a #a4i #i4j #bcjj #aj #ed #aj #ae #c4age #ca4c #b4a #i4e #bdjj #aa #cj #aj #ea #c4cff #cd4h #b4b #aj4j #bejj #ab #g #aa #bh #c4efb #ch4e #b4c #aj4e #bfjj #ab #de #ab #f #c4gfe #db4e #b4e #aa4j #bgjj #ac #be #ab #df #c4igi #df4h #b4g #aa4f #bhjj #ad #f #ac #bg #d4bjj #ea4e #b4h #ab4a #bijj #ad #dh #ad #i #d4dbg #ef4f #c4j #ab4g #cjjj #ae #ca #ad #eb #d4ffa #fb4a #c4b #ac4b #cajj #af #af #ae #cg #d4ijh #fh4a #c4d #ac4h #cbjj #ag #b #af #bc #e4afc #gd4e #c4f #ad4d #ccjj #ag #di #ag #aj #e4dbe #ha4d #c4i #ae4j #cdjj #ah #ch #ag #ei #e4gjj #hh4i #d4a #ae4f #cejj #ai #bi #ah #ej #e4ihi #ig4j #d4d #af4c ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,"p #b ( ,table4 ------------------------ ,range4 ,fuze- ,angle,rem4 scale4( ,veloc4 ,fall4 ------------------------ ,y>ds4,in*es4 ,feet4 #j #j4jj #j #j #hec #ajj #j4ad #hdb #bjj #j4cd #hca #cjj #j4ee #hba #djj #j4gf #haa #ejj #j4ii #b #aj #hja #fjj #a4bb #gia #gjj #a4df #ghb #hjj #a4fi #ggc #ijj #a4ia #gfd #ajjj #b4ab #d #cb #gee #aajj #b4cc #gdf #abjj #b4ed #gcg #acjj #b4ge #gbh #adjj #b4ie #gai #aejj #c4af #g #ai #gaj #afjj #c4cf #gjb #agjj #c4eg #fid #ahjj #c4gh #fhf #aijj #c4ii #fgh #bjjj #d4bj #aj #dd #fgj #bajj #ffb #bbjj #fed #bcjj #fdf #bdjj #fch #bejj #ad #ci #fcj #bfjj #fbc #bgjj #faf #bhjj #fji #bijj #fja #cjjj #ai #bg #eid #cajj #ehg #cbjj #ehj #ccjj #egc #cdjj #efg #cejj #be #c #efj ------------------------ 7,f ,hot*kiss ,pamphlet47 ,,sugge/$ ,,organization ,,( ,a #c-;,,in* ,,hot*kiss ,,m\nta9-,,batt]y4 ,! organization is made on ! same pr9ciples z ^? ( ! #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y4 ,! section1 consi/+ ( "o piece1 requires = its s]vice & transport t5 m5 & n9e pack-animals4 ,( ! m51 gunn] & ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 & #f z cannone]s2 #g1 #h1 #i1 att5d animals4 ,! pack-animals are di/ribut$ z foll[s3 #a gun-mule4 #a c>riage-mule4 #a :eel1 %afts1 & accessory mule4 #f ammunition-mules4 ,! proportion ( ea* k9d ( ammunition c>ri$ w dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! campaign1 b 9 g5]al ea* ammunition-*e/ %\ld conta9 five %rapnel1 two common %ell1 & "o cani/]1 mak+ a total all[ance p] gun3 #fj %rapnel ) comb9ation fuzes4 #bd common %ell ) p]cussion-fuzes4 #ab cani/]4 ,a full batt]y %\ld consi/ ( six pieces1 & %\ld comprise1 9 addition to ! equipm5t ( six sections3 #a pione] outfit1 ) mule & driv]4 #a m\nta9-=ge1 ) mule & driv]4 #b artific]'s *e/s1 conta9+ f>ri]'s1 :eelwright's1 & saddl]'s tools1 ) mule & driv]4 #b *e/s ) f>ri]'s1 :eelwright's1 & saddl]'s supplies1 "o sp>e :eel1 ) mule & driv]4 #a sp>e c>riage complete1 ) two mules & "o driv]4 #c ammunition-*e/s1 ) small-arms ammunition & small /ores1 ) mule4 ,equipm5ts4--,gunn]'s p\*2 ,no4 #a1 prim]-p\*2 ,nos4 #b1 #c & #d c>tridge-p\*es4 ,duties4--,gunn] comm&s2 limb]s & unlimb]s2 sets ! sight2 po9ts1 & sup]9t5ds s]vice ( ammunition4 ,duties4--,gunn] comm&s2 limb]s & unlimb]s2 sets ! sight2 po9ts1 & sup]9t5ds s]vice ( ammunition4 ,no4 #a mans ! "r :eel2 controls brake-rope2 op5s & closes bree*2 fires piece4 ,no4 #b mans ! left :eel2 controls brake-rope2 introduces ! ammunition into ! bore2 assi/s 9 po9t+4 ,no4 #c keeps ,no4 #b suppli$ ) ammunition 7fir/ sett+ "t-fuze & remov+ safety-p97 & assi/s ! gunn] 9 limb]+ & unlimb]+4 ,no4 #d keeps ,no4 #b suppli$ ) ammunition 7fir/ sett+ "t-fuze & remov+ safety-p974 ,no4 #e receives ammunition f ,no4 #f2 removes plugs f %rapnel2 fuzes same2 loos5s cap ( "t-fuze1 & issues prep>$ ammunition to ,nos4 #c & #d4 ,no4 #f passes ammunition to ,no4 #e2 op5s "t-fuze cyl9d]s1 & br+s up ammunition-mules z requir$4 ,at ! comm& ,cease fir+1 ,nos4 #e & #f equalize ammunition 9 boxes4 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 & #i att5d animals4 ,,to ,,pack4 ,! mules are br\ght up at a trot1 & /ation$3 ,gun-mule ?ree y>ds 9 re> ( trail & fac+ to re>4 ,c>riage-mule ?ree y>ds 9 front ( muzzle1 fac+ to front4 ,:eel-mule ?ree y>ds to left ( gun1 fac+ to front4 ,to ,pack ! ,gun 7,fig4 #bj74--,no4 #d takes ! lift+-b>s f :eel-pack & passes !m to ! gunn] & ,no4 #b2 ,no4 #c procures bree* & muzzle cov]s f gun-pack1 h&s muzzle-cov] to ,no4 #a & /raps on bree*-cov]2 ,no4 #a ?r[s op5 cap-squ>es & adju/s muzzle-cov]2 ! gunn] & ,no4 #b pass ends ( lift+-b>s to ,nos4 #c & #a4 ,all numb]s fac+ to ! re>1 ! gunn] comm&s1 ,lift4 ,! gun is plac$ on ! pack & secur$ by ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,to ,pack ! ,c>riage 7,fig4 #ba74--,! gunn] & ,no4 #c remove ! l9*p9s2 ,nos4 #a & #b lift ! axle2 ! gunn] & ,no4 #c remove ! :eels & replace ! l9*p9s2 ,nos4 #a & #b grasp+ ! axle-arms1 ! gunn] & ,no4 #c pass a lift+-b> ?r\gh ! trail-h&les4 ,all numb]s fac+ to ! front1 ! gunn] comm&s1 ,lift1 & ! c>riage is plac$ on ! pack & secur$ by ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,ammunition ,,mule4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,to ,pack ! ,:eels 7,fig4 #bb74--,! gunn] & ,no4 #c lift ! :eels & place !m sep>ately on ! pack1 :]e !y are secur$ by ,no4 #d2 ,no4 #d places & secures ! lift+-b>s2 ,nos4 #c & #e take (f _! hav]sacks & secure !m on ! :eel-pack4 ,unpack+ is p]=m$ 9 ! rev]se ord] to pack+4 ,,weight ,,c>ri$ ,,by ,,ea* ,,mule4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,gun-mule4 ,c>riage-mule4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,saddle #fi lbs4,saddle #fi lbs4 ,gun #bah ,c>riage #bje -------- -------- #bhg #bgd ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,:eel-mule4 ,ammunition-mule4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,saddle #fj lbs4,saddle #eh lbs4 ,:eels #abc ,two *e/s ) #h r\nds ,%afts1 etc4 #bb ea* #bhj -------- ------- #bje #cch ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,pack-tra94 ,h[ ,pack$4 ,,pack-,,tra9s4 ,g54 ,holabird says3 ,a pack-mule c>ries on an av]age #bjj p\nds4 ,all[ "o pack-mule to six or sev5 m5 = deta*m5ts out sc\t+ f five to eight days2 twelve mules to two (fic]s & sixty or sev5ty m5 = six days2 eight mules to "o (fic] & fifty m5 ( cavalry = six days4 ,! above all[ance does n contemplate ! c>ry+ ( =age4 ,cavalry drill-regulations /ate3 ,) fifty packs !re %\ld be twelve pack]s4 ,ea* troop %\ld h f\r mess-boxes1 sev5-eigh?s in* lumb]1 dovetail$1 #aa in*es by #ah in*es by #bf in*es1 &1 :5 pack$ 9 pack-cov]1 )\t lids4 ,9 camp or g>rison1 logs ( wood1 #bf in*es long1 & sacks ( corn1 d\ble-sack$ & la%$ to avoid break+ sacks1 hav+ ! weight x is int5d$ ! mule %\ld c>ry1 are kept on h& = drill purposes4 ,ea* pack %\ld be provid$ ) two coils ( ?ree-eigh?s in* rope1 #ah to #bh feet long1 = la%+ packs4 ,! pack-saddle consi/s ( ! saddle prop]2 two pads2 crupp]2 corona2 manta or pack-cov]2 two pieces ( canvas1 ea* #hd in*es by #bb in*es1 /it*$ toge!r on ! long edges2 halt] & /rap2 canvas c9*a1 #aj in*es wide2 sl+-rope1 half-in* be/ h&-laid manilla :ale-l9e1 #bj to #cb feet long2 & lea!r c9*a1 ) la%-rope1 five-eigh?s in* :ale-l9e #db feet long4 ,!re %\ld be "o bl9d = e five packs4 ,! size ( rope is giv5 by ! measurem5t ( its diamet]4 ,a full-rigg$ saddle has sl+-/raps & c>go-c9*a2 ! sl+ & la% ropes are !n disp5s$ )4 ,:ile saddl+1 load+1 or readju/+ ! packs1 ! animals %\ld be bl9d$4 ,! mules %\ld be tra9$ to /& p]fectly quiet :ile ! bl9d is on2 !y %\ld nev] be l$ or =c$ to move )\t fir/ remov+ ! bl9d4 ,,to ,,fit ,,! ,,saddle4 ,! pack-saddle is fitt$ to ! animal 9 a mann] simil> to t ( ! rid+-saddle2 x is s con/ruct$ t x c be plac$ "o & "o-half in*es f>!r =w>d ?an ! rid+-saddle4 ,if ! pads are n squ>e1 draw ! screws1 unlace ! pads f ! skirts1 !n squ>e & fit !m to ! animal by plac+ ! canvas c9*a imm$iately ar\nd ! animal's gir?1 ! front edge t\*+ ! brea/-bone 7c>tilages ( true ribs71 ! middle ( ! c9*a be+ exactly 9 ! middle ( ! l[] edges ( ! pads2 !n screw ! pads to ! saddle-b>s1 keep+ ! c9*a 9 place till ! adju/m5t is made2 !n remove ! c9*a & replace ! pads4 ,adju/ ! canvas c9*a s z to be long en\gh to g ne>ly ar\nd ! gir? ( ! mule1 ov] ! saddle4 ,adju/ ! crupp] by l5g!n+ or %ort5+ ! lace-/r+s t atta* x to ! saddle1 tak+ c>e n to make x too tight4 ,,to ,,saddle4 ,place ! corona on ! mule's back1 ab\t two to two & "o half in*es 9 front ( :]e ! pommel end ( ! saddle is to re/2 place ! fold$ saddle-blanket ov] ! corona2 take ! saddle by bo? yokes & place x squ>ely 9 position1 a little 9 re> ( its prop] place2 place ! crupp] "u ! dock & g5tly move ! saddle =w>d to position2 pass ! r+ end ( ! canvas c9*a ov] ! saddle f left to "r & "u ! belly2 pass ! latigo ?r\gh ! r+ & tight5 ! c9*a2 :5 c9*$1 ! r+ end ( ! c9*a %\ld be above ! l[] edge ( ! ne> pad4 ,,c>goes4 ,! rations %\ld be c>efully put up 9 "o-hundr$-p\nd packs la%$ solidly1 & c>ri$ on ! be/ pack-mules2 ea* pack is pla9ly m>k$ ) its cont5ts & weight4 ,salt1 sug>1 c(fee1 & beans are d\ble-sack$1 & la%$ 9 "o-hundr$-p\nd packages4 ,bacon1 9 "o-hundr$-p\nd packages1 is pack$ 9 f five to eight p\nds ( clean /raw or hay1 d\ble-sack$ & la%$ firmly4 ,! yea/-p[d] cases %\ld be op5$ & hay or /raw /uff$ closely ar\nd ! boxes to prev5t %ak+1 &1 ) o!r articles1 la%$ into "o-hundr$-p\nd packages4 ,ea* c>go is 9 two side-packs ( ab\t "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five p\nds ea*1 & %\ld mat* 9 size1 %ape1 & weight z ne>ly z practicable1 ea* side-pack hav+1 z ne>ly z may be1 ! foll[+ proportions3 wid? "o half m ?an ?ickness1 l5g? ne>ly "o half m ?an ! wid?2 e4 g41 #ab in*es by #ah in*es by #be in*es4 ,all ! salt1 sug>1 c(fee1 & beans %\ld n be plac$ 9 "o c>go4 ,ammunition %\ld be 9 c>goes4 ,pads or cu%ions ( hay #bf in*es by #dd in*es may be plac$ "u ! c9*a to keep long & r\gh packs f ! animal's hips & %\ld]s4 ,,to ,,load ,,c>go4 ,! pack]s %\ld "w by ?rees1 designat$ ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c4 ,no4 #a is on ! ne> side1 ,no4 #b on ! (f side ( ! mule2 :5 ,no4 #c works ) ,no4 #a he is ne>e/ ! cr\p2 :5 ) ,no4 #b he is opposite ! mule's %\ld]s4 ,! mule is plac$ ne> to & ) its left side next to ! c>go by ,no4 #b1 :o !n puts on ! bl9d4 ,no4 #a1 on ! ne> side1 passes ! c5tre ( ! sl+-rope ov] ! saddle to ! (f side f> en\gh to all[ ! rope to pass ov] ! (f-side pack & come back )9 8 rea*1 ! p>ts ( ! rope sep>at$ by six to twelve in*es4 ,nos4 #b & #c take ! (f-side pack1 place x well up on ! saddle2 ,no4 #b grasps ! loop ( ! sl+-rope ) 8 "r h&1 br+s ! rope up aga9/ ! pack & lets ! loop drop ov] 8 "r %\ld] 9 read9ess to pass x ov] ! pack2 ,no4 #b holds ! pack 9 place4 ,no4 #c passes to ! ne> side & ) ,no4 #a takes ! ne>-side pack & places x1 flat side next ! mule1 well up on ! saddle1 lapp+ ! upp] edge well ov] ! upp] edge ( ! (f-side pack4 ,no4 #a1 ) 8 back to ! mule's %\ld]1 takes ! end ( ! front "p ( ! sl+-rope1 passes x f ! outside ?r\gh ! loop1 & pulls x d[n ) ! "r h&2 he n[ grasps ! re> end ( ! sl+-rope ) ! left h&1 & ties ! ends toge!r 9 a squ>e b[-knot1 ! packs high up4 ,no4 #a calls out1 ,settle2 ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b ea* grasps 8 side ( ! c>go by ! l[] corn]s1 lifts upw>d & outw>d1 settl+ ! upp] edges well toge!r & balanc+ ! load4 ,if ! packs are ti$ too high !y are easily l[]$1 b if ti$ too l[ !y mu/ be lift$ & plac$ z 9 ! fir/ trial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,:ile ,nos4 #a & #b are ty+ & plac+ ! c>go1 ,no4 #c takes ! la%-rope1 ?r[s ! free end to ! re> ( ! mule1 conv5i5t to ,no4 #b1 & places ! c9*a end 9 front ( ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #a grasps ! rope ) ! "r h&1 ?ree feet f ! c9*a1 & passes ! hook end ( ! c9*a "u ! mule to ,no4 #b1 :o takes ! hook 7,h1 ,fig4 #bd7 9 ! left h&2 ,no4 #a ) ! left h& grasps ! rope ?ree feet above ! "r1 raises ! rope & lays x betwe5 ! side-packs f re> to front 7,p ,p71 pull+ x to ! front until a long en\gh loop 7,a7 is =m$ to pass ov] ! c>go & fa/5 9 ! c9*a-hook 7,h74 ,! "r h&1 back d[n1 holds ! c9*a end ( ! rope1 ! loop 7,a7 fall+ outw>d ov] ! "r =e>m2 ! left h&1 back up1 hold+ ! o!r "p ( ! rope betwe5 ! loop & ! middle ( ! packs2 ,no4 #a n[ ?r[s ! loop 7,a7 ov] ! pack1 !n lets ! "p 9 ! left h& drop on ! mule's neck1 ?us =m+ ano!r loop 7,a1 ,fig4 #be72 ,no4 #b passes ! rope ?r\gh ! hook1 pulls ! c9*a end ( ! rope till ! hook is drawn up s t1 :5 tight5$1 ! hook %all be ne> ! l[] edge ( ! (f pad4 ,no4 #a n[ grasps ! rope at ,g1 ,fig4 #bf1 & tucks a loop f re> to front1 "u ! "p ,,aa1 ,fig4 #bf1 ov] ! c5tre ( ! ne>-side pack 7,g1 ,fig4 #bg72 ,no4 #b passes ! free end ( ! rope "u ! "p ,,ee1 ,fig4 #bg1 & ?r[s x ov] on ! ne> side ( ! mule's neck2 ,no4 #a draws ! tuck$ loop =w>d & =ces ! rope "u ! corn]s & l[] edge ( ! ne> pad & hauls x taut f above ! re> corn]2 ,no4 #b grasps ! rope at ,i1 ,fig4 #bg1 ) ! left h&1 & at ,k ) ! "r h&1 & passes ! rope "u ! corn]s & l[] edge ( (f pad 7,,kl1 ,fig4 #bh7 & hauls taut at ! front corn]1 ,no4 #a tak+ 9 ! slack at ! free end ( ! rope4 ,! la% is n[ ready = ! f9al tight5+4 ,no4 #b removes ! bl9d1 leads ! mule =w>d a few /eps1 ,no4 #a 9 re> at ! same "t look+ to see if ! packs are prop]ly adju/$4 ,! mule is aga9 bl9d$4 ,! object ( ! f9al tight5+ is to la% ! load firmly to ! saddle2 pull+ all ! p>ts ( ! la%-rope taut1 & tak+ up ! slack1 comm5c+ at ! c9*a2 & cont9u+ ! process f "p to "p1 until ! slack is tak5 up at ! free end ( ! la%-rope4 ,:ile ,no4 #b is pull+ ! p>ts taut1 ,no4 #a takes up ! slack or /eadies ! c>go1 or vice v]sa2 ! pull+ is done 9 su* mann] z n to %ake ! c>go out ( position4 ,no4 #b grasps ! la%-rope above :]e x leaves ! hook & bel[ ! edge ( ! pad1 "r h& bel[ left1 places left knee aga9/ re> corn] ( pad2 ,no4 #a grasps ) ! "r h& ! same "p ( ! rope :]e x comes ov] ! pack on ! ne> side1 & ) ! left h& at ,g1 ,fig4 #bh1 places 8 "r %\ld] aga9/ ! pack to /eady x2 he !n says1 ,pull4 ,no4 #b tight5s by /eady pulls &1 )\t lett+ ! rope slip back ?r\gh ! hook1 gives ! slack to ,no4 #a1 :o takes x up by /eady pulls4 ,:5 ,no4 #b ?9ks ! c9*a is suffici5tly drawn1 he says1 ,en\gh4 ,no4 #a holds solid ) ! "r h&1 slips ! left d[n to :]e ! rope passes ov] ! front edge ( ! pad1 & holds solid2 ! "r h& !n grasps ! cont9uation ( ! rope at re> corn] ( pad & pulls taut2 !n ) bo? h&s1 plac+ 8 "r knee aga9/ re> corn] ( pad1 pulls ! rope well home1 ,no4 #b tak+ up ! slack by grasp+ ! rope 7,i1 ,fig4 #bh7 :]e x comes ov] ! re> end ( (f-side pack1 ) bo? h&s4 ,no4 #a /eps to ! front & /eadies ! pack2 ,no4 #b !n pulls taut ! p>ts on 8 side1 tak+ up ! slack2 ?is draws ! "p ( ! la%-rope ,,aa1 ,fig4 #bh1 well back at ! middle ( ! pack2 he !n ) ! left h& at ! re> corn] ( pad 7,k7 pulls taut1 & holds solid1 :ile ) "r h& at front corn] ( pad 7,l7 he takes up slack2 he !n1 ) bo? h&s at1 & plac+ 8 knee aga9/1 ! front corn] ( ! pad1 pulls well taut1 ,no4 #a tak+ up ! slack on 8 side1 & !n pulls solid1 draw+ ! "p ,,ee1 ,fig4 #bh1 ( ! rope com+ out f ! hook well =w>d at ! middle ( ! pack1 !n c>ries ! free end "u ! corn]s & end ( pad1 draws taut & ties ! end fa/ by a half-hit* ne> c9*a end ( la%-rope4 ,if ! rope %\ld be long en\gh to rea* ov] ! load1 aft] pass+ "u ! corn]s1 x is pass$ ov] & made fa/ on ! (f side by ty+ ar\nd bo? p>ts ( ! la%-rope above ! hook & draw+ !m well toge!r4 ,to tight5 ! la% rope on ! load x is necess>y to take up & pass ! slack z 9 ! f9al tight5+4 ,to slack5 ! rope on ! load x is necess>y to beg9 to slack5 f ! free end1 & c>ry ! slack by rev]s+ ! process ( tight5+4 ,:5 ! pack-cov] is us$1 x is plac$ ov] ! c>go be=e putt+ on ! la%-rope4 ,:5 ! side-packs are ( unequal bulk or weight1 ! l>g] or heavi] %\ld be plac$ on ! ne> side2 x %\ld !n lap ov] ! (f-side pack until ! packs balance4 ,top ,packs1 i4 e41 small packages plac$ 9 ! middle betwe5 ! side packs1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,:5 ! sl+-rope is half-hit*$ into ! saddle-yokes ! load is made m secure1 b !re is great dang] ( injury to ! mule's back4 ,on ! full-rigg$ saddle ! canvas c9*a is atta*$ to ! saddle by ! spid]2 ! side packs are laid on ! saddle z be=e1 held by ! sl+-/raps & secur$ by ! c>go-c9*a4 ,! la%-& sl+-ropes are !n disp5s$ )1 b ! use ( ! la%-& sl+-ropes gives great] security to ! c>go & great] com=t to ! mule4 ,,to ,,unload ,,c>go4 ,only two m51 ,nos4 #a & #b1 are necess>y2 !y "w z :5 load+4 ,! mule is plac$ ) head t[>d ! c5tre ( :]e ! c>goes are pil$4 ,no4 #a puts on ! bl9d2 ,no4 #b unfa/5s ! free end ( ! la%-rope2 !n ,nos4 #a & #b slack5 ! rope2 ,no4 #b ) ! left h& removes ! "p "u ! end & corn]s ( ! pad on ! (f side & unhooks ! c9*a ) ! "r h&2 ,no4 #a removes ! "p "u ! ends & corn]s ( ! pad on ! ne> side1 ga!rs ! p>ts ( ! rope toge!r on 8 side ) bo? h&s1 coil+ x1 & lays ! rope on ! gr\nd :]e he int5ds to place ! c>go1 ! c9*a & free end expos$ on ! side opposite :]e ! rigg+ is to be plac$2 ,no4 #a unties ! sl+-rope1 ca/s x loose1 takes 8 side pack & places x on ! la%-rope across ! l9e ( c>go2 ,no4 #b at ! same "t takes 8 pack & lays x on top ( ne> side pack1 & !n1 hold+ ! sl+-rope at c5tre loop1 d\bles x & places x on top ( load1 loop expos$1 = conv5i5ce :5 requir$4 ,! second load is plac$ end to end ) ! fir/ & on ! side next to :]e ! rigg+ is to be plac$2 ! end ( ! la%-rope is coil$ & plac$ on top ( ! la/ sl+-rope1 & is us$ = ty+ ! mule :5 reload+4 ,! saddle-c9*as %\ld be slack5$ & ! mules all[$ to cool be=e remov+ ! saddles4 ,,to ,,unsaddle4 ,unfa/5 ! latigo & ?r[ ! end across ! top ( saddle2 fold ! c9*a ) latigo inside & place across top ( saddle2 pu% ! saddle back1 remove crupp] f "u dock1 d\ble x =w>d1 ) crupp] above c9*a on top ( saddle1 & remove saddle2 ! saddles are plac$ 9 l9e1 re/+ on ! ends ( pads4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,mule4 ,description4 ,diseases4 ,treatm5t4 ,! mule has ! advantage ( ! horse 9 bett] )/&+ neglect1 bad treatm5t1 poor fe$1 & h>d usage4 ,! pack-mule %\ld be active1 %ort-c\pl$1 %ort-legg$1 small-bon$1 squ>e-built1 ) manife/ p[]s ( endurance1 & %\ld weigh f #hjj to #ajjj p\nds4 ,army ,regulations /ate t mules pur*as$ = ! army by ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s ,dep>tm5t %\ld con=m to ! foll[+ conditions3 ,!y %\ld be /rong1 /\t1 compact1 s\nd1 & k9d2 free f defects 9 e p>ticul>2 f f\r to n9e ye>s old2 f #hej to #abjj p\nds 9 weight2 f #ad to #af h&s high1 & suitable 9 all respects = ! transportation s]vice ( ! army4 ,if = draught purposes1 !y are to be well brok5 to h>ness2 if = pack purposes1 !y ne$ n be brok51 & ! /&>d ( height may be r$uc$ to #ac h&s1 if ! animal be 9 o!r respects suitable4 ,e animal w be br&$ ) ! lett]s ,u4 ,s4 on ! left =e %\ld] on ! day he is receiv$4 ,a complete descriptive li/ w be made ( ea* animal at ! "t ( pur*ase1 :i* w accompany him :]ev] he may be transf]r$4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances none b g5tle1 well-brok5 mules f f\r to eight ye>s old %\ld be pur*as$4 ,new mules %\ld be h&l$ ) ! greate/ pati5ce1 c>e1 & k9dness until !y become ?or\ghly accu/om$ to ! new s]vice requir$ ( !m4 ,all viol5ce mu/ be avoid$1 = mules are naturally timid & easily />tl$1 & = ?is reason m5 ( good temp] %\ld be employ$ 9 break+ !m2 any r\gh treatm5t is sure to lead to delay 9 ! tra9+ & may cause irretrievable h>m4 ,age4--,ord9>y limit #ae to #af ye>s2 _m live to #bj1 "s to #cj1 ye>s4 ,f #h to #ab he is 9 8 prime4 ,age is told by tee?1 z ) horses4 ,sex4--,females are g5]ally to be pref]r$ to males = m\nta9-batt]ies1 be+1 z a rule1 m docile & bett] %ap$4 ,pace4--,a batt]y-mule c walk f\r miles an h\r4 ,! av]age transport-mule walks a little ov] ?ree miles an h\r4 ,a mule's pace is sl[ d[n b quick up hill4 ,mules %[ fatigue 9 _! gait by droop+ ! head2 ! neck becomes horizontal & ! e>s droop back2 ! ord9>y c>riage ( ! latt] is erect & =w>d2 :5 ! mule beg9s to fan !m1 he is probably tir$4 ,condition4--,!y %\ld be kept 9 h>d condition--n fat4 ,wat]+4--,!y w ord9>ily refuse h>d or bad wat]2 & sometimes decl9e to dr9k m]ely f fancy1 & w wat] f a bucket :5 n f ! /ream4 ,by ?r[+ a h&ful ( grass into ! bucket ( wat]1 !y may g5]ally be induc$ to dr9k4 ,!y may be wat]$ on ! m>*1 ev5 :5 hot1 if kept 9 motion aft]w>d4 ,:]e !re are lee*es 9 a /ream1 be c>eful n to wat] too close to ! bank4 ,fe$+4--,! gov]nm5t all[ance = a mule is #ad p\nds ( hay & #i p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley p] day4 ,9 special cases ( h>d s]vice or exposure ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al may au?orize ! gra9 ration to be increas$ n to exce$ #c p\nds :5 recomm5d$ by ! ,*ief ,qu>t]ma/] ( ! ,dep>tm5t or ( an army 9 ! field4 ,"o hundr$ p\nds ( /raw p] mon? is all[$ = b$d+4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t all mules require ! same am\nt ( food4 ,! (fic] %\ld notice ea* animal1 & det]m9e ! increase or decrease 9 ! regul> ration to keep him 9 prop] condition4 ,a mule w eat z mu* z a horse ( ! same size2 he w eat almo/ any?+ to keep f />v+4 ,salt1 9 a lump1 or gr\nd ) fe$1 %\ld be giv5 :5ev] x c be _h4 ,x is obta9$ on requisition 7,=m #da7 f ! ,subsi/5ce ,dep>tm5t1 ea* animal be+ all[$ #b ounces p] week2 or #ab ounces p] mon? if deem$ necess>y by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,v9eg> is simil>ly obta9$ = sanit>y purposes1 at ! rate ( #b gallons p] week p] #ajj animals4 ,s(t ,food1 bran-ma%es1 %\ld be giv5 at lea/ once a week if possible4 ,animals %\ld be graz$ :5ev] ! opportunity occurs4 ,c>e4--,groom+ %\ld be c>ri$ out z ) horses1 b ne$ n be s elaborate4 ,manes are usually hogg$2 tails are cut1 b n 9 hot wea!r dur+ ! fly season4 ,! hair on ! mule's heels %\ld nev] be cut2 nor %\ld ! mud1 9 ! w9t] season1 be wa%$ (f1 b all[$ to dry on ! animal's legs1 & !n rubb$ (f ) hay or /raw4 ,feet4--,keep 9 ! natural /ate z ne>ly z possible4 ,mules suff] f /&+ on wet gr\nd2 b 9 dry climates1 or 9 /ables ) mod]n floors1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t _! feet get suffici5t moi/ure1 by wett+ !m or /&+ ! animal a %ort "t :]e ?is result w be obta9$4 ,%oe+4--,! hot %oe mu/ nev] be appli$ to ! foot "u any circum/ances4 ,give ! gr\nd-surface a level be>+4 ,let ! frog come to ! gr\nd2 if x projects beyond ! %oe1 s mu* ! bett]2 nev] "u any circum/ances cut x away4 ,nev] put a knife to ! sole ( ! foot4 ,let ! %oes be z light z possible1 )\t calks if avoidable1 exactly ! %ape ( ! animal's foot2 secure ) two nails on ea* side1 an in* ap>t1 & "o 9 ! toe4 ,! ,putnam hot-=g$ nail is excell5t4 ,h>ness+4--,m$dle z little z possible ) a mule's e>s1 z !y are exce$+ly s5sitive4 ,) c>e ! mule c be easily bridl$2 b once /ruck on ! head or pull$ by ! e>1 !re w be tr\ble ev] aft]4 ,pit ! bridle c>efully2 see t ! cr[n-piece is n too tight2 t ! bit fits easily 9 ! m\?2 t ! corn]s ( ! m\? are n drawn up3 o!rwise ! animal's m\? w become sore4 ,! ?roat-lat* mu/ be loose4 ,see t ! o!r p>ts ( ! h>ness fit prop]ly & d n rub or gall ! animal4 ,to h>ness a vici\s mule1 put ! noose ( a l>iat ov] 8 head1 tak+ c>e t x does n *oke him2 place him on ! ne> side ( a wagon2 c>ry ! end ( ! l>iat betwe5 ! spokes & ar\nd ! felloe ( ! front :eel2 walk back ) x to ! h9d :eel1 keep+ x taut2 pass ! end betwe5 ! spokes & ar\nd ! felloe ( t :eel1 & pull ! mule close to ! wagon4 ,take c>e to h ! l>iat z high z ! mule's brea/ 9 front & ! flank 9 re>4 ,break+4--,g5tl5ess & pati5ce are ess5tial4 ,fir/ let ! animal smell ! saddle1 etc4 7an old "o if possible74 ,!n saddle c>efully1 gir?+ up gradually2 :5 ! mule w walk quietly ab\t saddl$1 ! re/ ( ! h>ness may be add$ by degrees1 p>ticul> c>e be+ tak5 9 fir/ putt+ on ! crupp]4 ,:5 q us$ to h>ness1 accu/om ! mule to ! sight ( ! load--at fir/ bags ( s&1 ab\t #hj p\nds ea*4 ,load ) ^!1 ! weight be+ increas$ if necess>y4 ,batt]y-mules %\ld foll[ ! batt]y1 b>eback$1 f _! fir/ arrival1 & get us$ to ! sights & s\nds2 & :5 brok5 to saddle & load1 %\ld g lad54 ,!y %\ld be tra9$ fir/ on easy & !n on difficult gr\nd2 also to cross %all[ dit*es & ob/acles )\t hesitation1 at fir/ saddl$1 aft]w>ds load$4 ,9 lead+ a mule ! re9 %\ld always be loose4 ,a tra9$ mule %\ld lead4 ,avoid us+ ! :ip4 ,,vet]9>y ,,treatm5t4 ,?is treatm5t is ab\t ! same z = horses2 common ailm5ts are /rangles1 cold1 sore m\?1 poll-evil1 fi/ul\s )]s1 galls & sitfa/s1 ?ru%1 colic1 cramp1 mange1 grease4 ,:]e backs %[ ! lea/ sign ( s(tness x is well to rub 9 salt & wat]4 ,! same precaution %\ld be tak5 ) "y mules ab\t ! "p :]e ! crupp] is liable to *afe ! dock1 daily = a week be=e work+4 ,/rangles4--,?is is a specific fev] ( "y animals1 usually att5d$ ) swell+s & inflammations2 an abscess g5]ally =ms betwe5 ! bones ( ! l[] jaw or else:]e 9 gr\ps ( lymphatic gl&s2 !re are c\gh1 difficulty ( swall[+1 dis*>ge at ! no/rils1 & g5]al pro/ration4 ,treatm5t4--,give light bran-ma%es1 pl5ty ( common salt1 & keep ! animal 9 a w>m dry /able1 ) pl5ty ( pure air4 ,enc\rage ! ulc]2 apply ,gombault's balsam1 if at h&1 ?ree times a day to induce suppuration1 or1 :5 x has come suffici5tly to a head & appe>s s(t en\gh to lance1 d s1 be+ c>eful to avoid ! gl&s & ve9s4 ,tonics1 ?ree times a day1 su* z #bj gra9s ( qu99e1 or #a ounce gr\nd g5tian1 or a teaspoonful p[d]$ sulphate ( iron4 ,cold4--,?is disease seldom attacks mature mules 9 camp4 ,"y /ock on fir/ be+ /abl$1 or /ock out ( hot1 badly v5tilat$ /ables1 on exposure may contract colds4 ,! animal appe>s out ( condition1 ) slight fev]1 eyes dull1 c\gh & nasal dis*>ge4 ,treatm5t4--,remove to airy box-/all2 clo! & b&age2 apply ammonia l9im5t to ! ?roat if !re be a c\gh2 /eam ! no/rils4 ,op5 ! b[els by injection ( tepid soap-suds1 or give "o ?ird ( a dose ( oil2 fe$ s(t food2 give qu99e #aj-;gra9 doses4 ,sore ,m\?4--,!re are few diseases to :i* ! mule's tee? are subject aft] ! p]man5t tee? are develop$4 ,if ! gums are swoll5 f ! cutt+ ( tee?1 a light /roke ( ! lancet ov] ! gums at a po9t :]e ! tee? are =c+ _! way ?r\gh1 & a little reg>d to ! animal's diet1 w be all t is necess>y4 ,mules suff] f injury to ! tongue & sore m\?1 caus$ by bad treatm5t4 ,) a sponge apply to ! sore p>ts a light decoction ( :ite-oak b>k2 give n\ri%+ gruels or bran-ma%es2 keep ! bit out ( ! m\? until heal$4 ,! ,eye4--,occasionally mules' eyes become inflam$ & sore4 ,apply w>m or1 if n obta9able1 cold wat] & remove ! cause4 7,see ,oph?almia1 ,vet4 ,notes47 ,poll-evil4--,mules are q subject to ?is disease4 ,x beg9s ) an ulc] or sore at ! junction ( ! head & neck1 & f its position1 m ?an f any o!r cause1 x is difficult to heal4 ,treatm5t4--,:5 ! swell+ fir/ appe>s1 use hot fom5tations4 ,if ^! are n at h&1 use cold wat] frequ5tly1 & keep ! bridle & halt] f ! p>ts4 ,if ulc]ation nev]!less takes place1 ! seton mu/ be skilfully appli$4 ,fi/ula4--,fi/ula ( )]s is due to bruises1 bad-fitt+ saddle or h>ness1 or roll+ on h>d sub/ances4 ,x g5]ally fir/ appe>s z a swell+1 !n inflammation sets 9 & a tumor beg9s to =m4 ,treatm5t4--,! fi/ula 9 its fir/ /ages may be driv5 away by frequ5t applications ( cold wat]4 ,%\ld ! swell+ cont9ue1 use w>m fom5tations1 p\ltices1 & /imulat+ embrocations4 ,:5 9 prop] condition x %\ld be op5$1 & kept s until all ( ! matt] has escap$ & ! w\nd %[s signs ( heal+4 ,! b[els %\ld be op5$ by means ( a ca?>tic ( aloes4 ,galls & ,sitfa/s4--,"o ( ! be/ rem$ies = saddle-gall is to remove ! saddle pressure z mu* z possible1 & ba! ! back frequ5tly ) salt & cold wat]4 ,if ?is does n succe$ ! tr\ble w cont9ue1 & a root w =m at ! c5tre ( ! gall1 ! edges ( :i* w be cle>1 ! sitfa/ hold+ only by ! root4 ,9 ?is case take a pair ( p9c]s & pull x out4 ,?is done1 ba! frequ5tly ) cold wat]4 ,a little soo?+ oil1 or grease free f salt1 may be rubb$ lightly on ! p>ts z !y beg9 to heal4 ,"o ( ! be/ rem$ies = galls is to cleanse ! w\nd & bl[ into x a mixture ( "o "p ( iod(orm to ?ree p>ts ( sulphur3 if x be necess>y to use ! animal1 cov] ! "p ) old-fa%ion$ /ick+-pla/]4 ,?ru%4--,treatm5t4--,cut away ! p>ts ( ! frog t seem to be de/roy$2 cleanse daily ) ca/ile soap1 & apply muriatic acid1 or a little t> mix$ ) salt on oakum or t[4 ,colic4--,! mule is q subject to ?is compla9t4 ,too mu* cold wat] or *anges ( gra9 w produce x4 ,! animal swells up1 pants1 looks ar\nd at 8 sides1 paws1 sweats above ! eyes & on ! flanks1 becomes v re/less1 ly+ d[n & sudd5ly spr++ to 8 feet1 lies d[n aga91 etc4 ,treatm5t4--,dr5* ) "o ounce ( *loral-hydrate 9 a half p9t ( wat] or two ounces ( sulphuric e!r & two ounces ( t9cture ( opium 9 half p9t ( l9se$ oil1 repeat+ ! dose an h\r aft]w>ds if n reliev$2 or #b oz4 oil ( turp5t9e1 #a oz4 t9ct4 opium giv5 9 #ab oz4 l9se$ oil or a p9t ( ?ick gruel4 ,! belly %\ld be well h&-rubb$ & ! animal walk$ ab\t4 ,inject w>m soap-suds4 ,cramp4--,treatm5t4--,a good h&-rubb+4 ,mange4--,treatm5t4--,rub ! animal ) a mixture ( hog's l>d & sulphur1 two p9ts ( ! latt] to "o p9t ( ! =m]2 cov] ) blanket2 two days lat] wa% clean ) s(t soap & wat]2 blanket = a few days to avoid cold4 ,fe$ bran-ma%es1 pl5ty ( salt & wat]4 ,grease4--,?is is a diseas$ /ate ( ! sk9 ( ! legs1 & m especially ! h9d ones4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages x consi/s ( an inflammation ( ! sweat-gl&s1 foll[$ by an (f5sive oily dis*>ge4 ,! pr9cipal cause is uncleanl9ess1 or by wa%+ ! legs ) cold wat] & n prop]ly dry+ !m aft]w>ds4 ,treatm5t4--,)\t cleanl9ess m$ical rem$ies are wor?less4 ,apply p\ltices2 leave !m on half a day4 ,boil$ turnips1 c>rots1 bread & milk1 or bran & hot wat] are all good4 ,apply ,gombault's balsam1 "o "p to f\r p>ts ( glyc]9e1 once e two days 9 *ronic cases4 ,or clean ! p>ts well ) ca/ile soap & w>m wat]1 & use an o9tm5t made ( p[d]$ *>coal two ounces1 l>d or tall[ f\r ounces1 sulphur two ounces1 mix ?or\ghly & rub 9 well by h&4 ,or gunp[d] & l>d or tall[1 equal p>ts1 is good2 or dress ) c>boliz$ oil or oxide ( z9c o9tm5t4 ,gl&]s4--,a highly infecti\s & contagi\s disease ( ! lungs2 incurable1 & communicable to man4 ,! ?ree *>act]i/ic signs are3 #a4 ,a peculi> transp>5t1 glut9\s1 & cont9u\s dis*>ge1 usually f "o no/ril1 :i* dis*>ge1 moreov]1 accumulates & entangles all k9ds ( fil?1 s t x is unlikely to escape obs]vation4 #b4 ,ulc]ation ( ! muc\s membranes ( ! no/ril3 ! process ( ulc]ation mu* resembles ! erosion ( metals1 !re be+ fir/ an oxidation & aft]w>ds a brea* ( ! surface1 ! pat* hav+ irregul> m>g9s & %[+ no disposition to heal1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to spread4 #c4 ,an enl>gem5t ( ! submaxill>y gl& 9 ! *annel =m$ betwe5 ! l[] jaw-bones1 su* enl>gem5t be+ firmly atta*$ to ! bone & immovable4 ,x fur!r manife/s no disposition to suppurate & =m an abscess1 b1 on ! contr>y1 rema9s unalt]$ s long z ! animal is all[$ to live4 ,treatm5t4--,on any "o ( ! above-enum]at$ symptoms be+ report$1 at once isolate ! animal2 h b$d+ de/roy$1 & c>efully remove all clo?+1 /able ut5sils1 etc41 f ! vic9ity ( o!r animals p5d+ decision ( a vet]9>y surgeon4 ,place a /eady man 9 *>ge1 & w>n him ( p]sonal risk4 ,:5 assur$ an animal has gl&]s1 h x %ot at once1 & burn all b$d+1 clo?+1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,m\nta9-artill]y4 ,g5]al ,in/ructions4 ,supply ( ,ammunition4 ,c>e & ,pres]vation ( ,h>ness4 ,in/ructions = ,driv]s1 etc4 ,m>*es4 ,camps4 ,weights & ,dim5sions ( ,=eign ,m\nta9-artill]y4 ,,g5]al ,,in/ructions4 ,a m\nta9-batt]y %\ld be self-reliant1 &1 z f> z possible1 indep5d5t ( assi/ance beyond t ( ! usual escort furni%$ = its protection1 & 9 ! highe/ /ate ( effici5cy to take ! field at a mom5t's notice4 ,x %\ld be tak5 at lea/ once a week = a m>* ( t5 or fifte5 miles ov] ! mo/ difficult gr\nd 9 its vic9ity4 ,platoons completely equipp$ %\ld be s5t out sep>ately once a week4 ,e opportunity mu/ be tak5 = in/ruction ( (fic]s & m5 9 ! _m devices & me?ods ( obta9+ cov]1 protection f ! wea!r1 con/ruction ( huts1 kit*5s1 ov5s1 latr9es1 etc41 & ! tactical use & c>e ( ! batt]y4 ,m\nta9-batt]ies are organiz$ by platoons2 ea* be+ complete 9 itself & capable ( be+ deta*$ f ! batt]y at a mom5t's notice4 ,!re=e ! :ole ( ! equipm5t1 /ores1 camp-equipage1 & baggage belong+ to ea* platoon %\ld rema9 at all times "u imm$iate *>ge ( ! *ief ( platoon4 ,9 l mann] *iefs ( section %\ld h *>ge ( _! respective sections1 receiv+ _! ord]s f _! *iefs ( platoon4 ,! baggage-mules =m "p ( ! section1 & %\ld be picket$ ) ! ordnance-mules ( ! section & be "u ! same sup]vision4 ,a set ( heliographs & signal app>atus %\ld be c>ri$ & us$4 ,a m\nta9-batt]y mu/ be able to climb & keep ) infantry4 ,z ! numb] ( guns engag$ is always small1 conc5tration ( fire is especially desirable1 ev5 :5 ! gr\nd does n admit ( conc5tration ( guns4 ,m\nta9 w>f>e involves frequ5t exposure to sudd5 attacks4 ,guns %\ld !re=e always h a /rong infantry escort2 b ! fact ( hav+ an escort %\ld n prev5t ! comm&] f hav+ a look\t po/$ on 8 expos$ flank4 ,*oice ( positions & tak+ advantage ( gr\nd are exceptionally difficult1 & ne$ special tra9+1 quickness1 & con/ant practice4 ,x is n always easy to secure a ready supply ( ammunition4 ,fir+ %\ld !re=e be conf9$1 z a rule1 to ! mo/ effective ranges4 ,x is a wa/e ( ammunition to fire at long ranges4 ,only z _m ammunition-mules z are imm$iately requir$ %\ld be br\ght up to ! batt]y2 ! rema9d]1 ) relief-mules1 etc41 %\ld be kept "u cov] 9 re>4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to equalize ! loads ( ammunition-mules4 ,! position ( ! batt]y 9 ! column1 :5 !re is a probability ( be+ attack$1 %\ld nev] be too f> to ! front1 b suffici5tly s to come into action z soon z ! advanc$ gu>d is engag$4 ,x %\ld m>* aft] ! second company ( ! ma9 body if ! advanc$ gu>d consi/s ( only "o company1 or aft] ! fir/ company if only two companies are 9 ! advanc$ gu>d4 ,! batt]y ought nev] to be brok5 up unless "u exceptional circum/ances1 su* z !re be+ insuffici5t space = ! guns 9 l9e4 ,9 su* cases ! *iefs ( platoon %\ld keep up communication ) ! batt]y comm&]1 :o directs ! fire g5]ally4 ,?is break+ up ( ! batt]y does n ref] to small isolat$ columns to :i* platoons only may be atta*$4 ,plac$ 9 position suffici5tly f> to ! front to support ! troops ) :i* x is co-op]at+1 )\t endang]+ ! guns1 any fur!r *ange ( position1 except+ at ! critical mom5t ( pursuit or retreat1 %\ld n be made )\t "s v /rong reason4 ,if a second position becomes necess>y1 ! batt]y comm&] %\ld fir/ assure himself t he c rea* x 9 "t to c>ry out 8 idea1 & )\t ! liability ( exp]i5c+ heavy loss4 ,be=e com+ into action ! batt]y is divid$ into two l9es1 viz41 ! fir/ l9e1 consi/+ ( ! six guns & ! twelve ammunition-mules1 & ! second l9e1 consi/+ ( ! rema9+ ammunition-mules & sp>e mat]ial-mules ( ! batt]y4 ,! ,supply ( ,ammunition is kept up z foll[s3 ,9 action ! boxes ( ! fir/ ammunition-mules are unload$ & plac$ 9 re> ( ! guns1 or1 if ! gr\nd p]mits1 9 re> ( ! flanks ( ! batt]y4 ,! unload$ mules are plac$ "u cov] ne> ! rema9+ ammunition-mules ( ! fir/ l9e1 fifty or sixty y>ds 9 re> ( ! l9e4 ,! second l9e1 "u ! fir/ s]geant1 is ?ree or f\r hundr$ y>ds 9 re> ( ! fir/ l9e & "u cov]4 ,! fir/ ammunition-boxes unload$ h _! cont5ts di/ribut$1 by ! non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge1 to ! prop] cannone]s ( ea* gun deta*m5t2 & z soon z ! cont5ts ( half ! boxes h be5 fir$ ?ree ( ! second ammunition-mules are s5t to ! front & _! boxes remov$2 !n1 reload$ ) empty boxes1 !y are s5t to _! position "u cov]4 ,to ,supply ! ,fir/ ,l9e f ! ,second ,l9e4--,! fir/ s]geant tells (f six ammunition-mules to be 9 read9ess to move to ! front1 "u a non-commission$ (fic]1 :5 requir$4 ,z soon z ! batt]y op5s fire ^! mules are s5t =w>d to ! fir/ l9e & rema9 !re "u cov]4 ,z soon z ! fir/ six ammunition-mules lad5 ) empty boxes are assembl$ "u cov] !y are s5t back1 "u a non-commission$ (fic]1 to ! second l9e4 ,,c>e ,,& ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,h>ness4 ,all h>ness %\ld be p]iodically tak5 to pieces & ?or\ghly exam9$4 ,x %\ld be oil$ ) neat's-foot oil two or ?ree times a ye>1 & kept s(t & pliable4 ,good ca/ile soap & wat] %\ld be us$ = wa%+ h>ness1 & ! dress+ furni%$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,?is dress+ is appli$ ) a wooll5 clo?1 left on until ! next day1 & !n ?or\ghly wip$ (f ) a wooll5 clo?4 ,x is made z foll[s 7+r$i5ts = two gallons73 #a gal4 neat's-foot oil1 #b lbs4 bayb]ry tall[1 #b lbs4 beeswax1 #b lbs4 beef tall[4 ,place 9 a pan ov] a mod]ate fire & let ! above +r$i5ts rema9 "o h\r1 until ?or\ghly dissolv$2 !n add #b qu>ts ( ca/or oil & /ir well until ! mass comes to a boil1 s t ! +r$i5ts may become ?or\ghly mix$2 aft] :i* add #a oz4 lamp-black & /ir well = t5 m9utes2 !n /ra9 ! liquid :ile hot ?r\gh a cotton clo? to remove s$im5t ( beeswax1 tall[1 & lamp-black1 & put aside to cool4 ,colgate's black h>ness-soap & ,frank ,mill]'s h>ness-soap1 ,no4 #b1 are excell5t = clean+ h>ness & keep+ x s(t4 ,black+ = ,h>ness & ,bridle ,lea!r4--,a decoction ( iron-ru/ & v9eg>1 appli$ to ! gra9 side ( ! lea!r aft] x has be5 /a9$4 ,9 /a9+1 apply ) a hair bru%1 a solution ( logwood1 sal-soda1 & s(t wat]4 ,iron p>ts :5 ru/$ %\ld be clean$ ) k]os5e1 wip$ dry1 & !n h appli$ a light coat+ ( asphaltum pa9t2 all[ x to dry & !n apply a second coat4 ,9 ! field !re w n usually be mu* "t or _m mat]ials = clean+ h>ness4 ,ru/ %\ld be clean$ (f ironwork ) s& & !n x %\ld be oil$4 ,lea!r "w %\ld be kept s(t & pliable4 ,fir/ remove ! mud & dri$ sweat ) z little wat] z possible & !n "w 9 a little oil or s(t soap4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,driv]s1 ,,etc4 ,! c>riage-mule is always ! lead] :5 pack+1 or on ! ne> side 9 draught4 ,?is mule %\ld !re=e be ! mo/ tractable & intellig5t4 ,! mule-driv] is at ! left ( & ne> ! head ( 8 mule4 ,if ! lead] is well tra9$ & intellig5t x is bett] to let him h 8 head1 ! driv] tak+ place abrea/ ! saddle4 ,9 saddl+1 ! driv] %\ld make sure t ! hair lies fair on ! mule's back "u ! blanket2 t ! blanket is prop]ly fold$2 t ! saddle is securely gir!d1 & ! load ev5ly balanc$ & firmly la%$4 ,:5 on a m>*1 z soon z x is "t to fe$ 9 ! morn+1 rub (f ! animal's back until ! hair lies smoo?2 place ! blanket well =w>d on ! )]s & draw x back until 9 prop] position4 ,saddle1 draw+ ! c9*a half tight1 & fe$4 ,aft] fe$+1 & :5 ready to pack1 draw up ! c9*a4 ,dur+ pack+ & unpack+ ! driv] %\ld nev] leave ! mule's head4 ,! pads %\ld cov] ! mule f donkey-m>k on )] ne>ly to hip-jo9t4 ,l>ge pads cause less rock+ ( ! load ?an small & give l>g] be>+ surfaces2 by di/ribut+ ! load ov] a l>ge surface ( ! back1 ! animal is enabl$ to c>ry x easi] & ) less *ance ( galls4 ,pads prop]ly /uff$ %[ no creases 9 ! l9+1 feel smoo?1 firm1 ela/ic1 & n too h>d1 & h no h>d knots4 ,/uff+ %\ld be ( wool1 well clean$1 & unravell$ be=e use4 ,avoid giv+ h>d "w on new /uff$ pads1 if possible2 o!rwise d n /uff pads too tight1 b add daily z /uff+ settles d[n4 ,pads mu/ be quilt$ = ab\t "o & a half in*es along ! upp] edge to keep ! sp9e cle> ( pressure2 also :]e gir?s cause friction4 ,!y %\ld be beat5 & bru%$1 b ! /uff+ %\ld be seldom int]f]$ ) :5 once settl$ d[n4 ,:5 h>d x mu/ be prick$ up ) an awl4 ,injuries to mules f bad saddl]y arise f unev5 pressure 9 /uff+2 /uff+ work+ to front or re>1 or gett+ h>d or knott$2 pads n prop]ly quilt$2 badly made repairs2 or extrane\s sub/ances gett+ betwe5 ! pad & ! mule's sk94 ,surc+les %\ld lie flat ov] & %\ld n be tight] ?an ! c9*a4 ,brea/-pieces & bree*+ %\ld hang f _! be>+-/raps at su* a height z n to imp$e ! free action ( ! limbs or ! brea?+4 ,! brea/-piece %\ld n hang on ! po9t ( ! %\ld]1 b its top edge %\ld rea* to :]e ! neck jo9s ! body4 ,9 go+ up or d[n hill ! saddle & load %\ld be kept 9 place by adju/+ ! brea/-& bree*-/raps )\t halt+4 ,! brea/-/rap %\ld be tight5$ 9 asc5ts1 slack5$ on ! level & 9 desc5ts4 ,bree*+ %\ld always be tight5$ 9 go+ d[n hill1 :5 x & n ! crupp] %\ld take ! /ra94 ,hip-/raps %\ld br+ x ab\t 9 l9e ) its po9t ( atta*m5t to ! saddle4 ,if too high x may slip up "u ! tail :5 ! /ra9 comes on x4 ,! crupp] %\ld n be tight] ?an is necess>y to keep ! saddle f %ift+ =w>d4 ,! dock ( ! crupp] mu/ at all times be kept s(t1 smoo?1 & pliable4 ,brea/-/raps & crupp] %\ld be remov$ :5 ! animal is f$ & wat]$4 ,! lead+-bit is to t\* ! corn]s ( ! m\?1 b %\ld be l[ en\gh n to wr9kle !m2 lead+ re9 buckl$ to ne> side ( ! bit4 ,,m>*es4 ,9 w>m climates m>* e>ly to avoid ! heat4 ,mules travel well at night4 ,m5 & animals %\ld h food be=e m>*+4 ,(fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s sup]9t5d load+2 at :i* all %\ld be exp]t4 ,:5 ! batt]y is load$ & =m$1 always inspect c>efully to see t ! "w has be5 prop]ly done4 ,a habit ( prompt load+ is mo/ important4 ,"o h\r %\ld be ample "t betwe5 reveille & />t+ on ! road4 ,9 mov+ (f1 driv]s mu/ move promptly1 & use ! lead+-re9 ) a v light h&4 ,mules move be/ ) loose re9s4 ,if avoidable1 d n c>ry sick m5 on b>eback or blanket$ mules1 z ! animals get gall$4 ,! di/ance betwe5 mules on good roads is "o y>d4 ,9 pass+ ob/acles or difficult gr\nd1 di/ances mu/ be increas$ z ne$$4 ,e mule %\ld h 8 head4 ,cannone]s %\ld help to /eady ! loads4 ,occasionally x may be advisable to unload 9 pass+ ob/acles4 ,cannone]s %\ld keep ne> _! respective mules & n /raggle2 & mu/ assi/ ! driv]s 9 wat*+ & adju/+ loads4 ,! driv] mu/ con/antly wat* 8 mule & load1 & at once call att5tion to signs ( uneas9ess or any?+ requir+ adju/m5t1 if he _c adju/ x himself4 ,:5 a load becomes dis>rang$ ! mule mu/ be fall5 out & ! load put to rights2 ! driv] rega9s 8 place at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,di/ances mu/ be rega9$ gradually1 n by ru%+3 at an amble if absolutely necess>y4 ,! pace %\ld be regul> & con/ant1 sm>t1 n hurri$1 ab\t f\r miles an h\r unless ) o!r troops2 9 no case s fa/ z to cause trott+ 9 re>4 ,=c+ ! pace or dragg+ x1 _m halts & *ecks )\t unload+ or giv+ "t = fe$+ & wat]+1 are ru9\s4 ,:5 a lad5 mule falls1 keep 8 head d[n2 ca/ (f ! /raps & remove ! load2 unsaddle if necess>y4 ,always =m batt]y advanc$ & re> gu>ds ( prop]ly arm$ m54 ,x is sometimes conv5i5t to h pione]-tools ) ! advanc$ gu>d4 ,! sick transport m>*es ) ! re>-gu>d1 ^: special duty x is to keep e fraction ( ! batt]y ahead ( x4 ,m>* on z broad a front z possible2 b frequ5t *anges are h>ass+4 ,:5 feasible1 consid]able di/ance betwe5 platoons makes m>*+ easi]4 ,(fic]s %\ld con/antly move along _! comm&s1 *eck+ irregul>ities1 regulat+ ! pace1 & sup]vis+ e detail z reg>ds m51 mules1 & loads1 :ile avoid+ h>ass+ int]f]5ce4 ,?is is especially important ) pack-animals4 ,an (fic] %\ld be 9 *>ge ( ! baggage if possible4 ,9 cross+ =ds "s m5 %\ld see to ! loads1 z ! high action ( ! mules 9 pass+ ?r\gh wat] is liable to un/eady !m4 ,occasions may occur :5 ! mule may be oblig$ to swim1 & 9 su* cases ! saddle mu/ be remov$1 & any attempt to guide ! mule %\ld be made by ! slighte/ t\* possible2 pull+ at ! head is to be avoid$4 ,a mule swimm+ c be mo/ easily turn$ by spla%+ ! wat] aga9/ ! side ( ! face opposite ! direction requir$4 ,keep to ! spurs ( hills 9 go+ up & g5]ally 9 go+ d[n hill4 ,sometimes a %ort cut may be f\nd d[n a rav9e4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( a m>* *eck ! pace a little2 make an e>ly halt1 s t m5 c fall out & adju/ any?+ requir+ x4 ,occasional halts %\ld be made aft]w>ds4 ,%ort halts are be/ = pack-animals4 ,at e halt non-commission$ (fic]s & driv]s inspect _! animals & att5d to any signs ( gall+ or uneas9ess4 ,! re> closes up to its prop] di/ance be=e halt+4 ,on hill roads mules %\ld be /ood level across ! road1 heads outw>d f ! hillside4 ,if ! pa? be too n>r[ = ?is1 driv]s mu/ /& at _! mules' heads to prev5t ! risk ( a tumble d[n ! hillside 9 attempts to graze4 ,mules are apt to roll :5 halt$4 ,9 m>*es ) o!r troops1 on halt+ always f9d out h[ long ! halt is to be1 & if "t p]mits remove loads if practicable4 ,advantage may be tak5 ( long halts to wat]1 & fe$ if advisable & means are at h&4 ,a fe$ ( gra9 %\ld always be c>ri$ 9 ! nose-bags if possible4 ,on long m>*es opportunities to fe$ & wat] %\ld be s\ght =4 ,:5 halt$ all[ ! m5 to /ray f _! mules z little z possible4 ,dis>rangem5t ( loads & possible accid5ts are !reby avoid$4 ,z pack-mules require v tight gir?+1 !y %\ld rema9 gir!d z %ort a "t z possible4 ,gun-& c>riage-mules are ! tighte/ gir!d4 ,_! loads may be %ift$ to ! relief-mules at ! half-way halt1 ^! mules n be+ tightly gir!d until on ! po9t ( load+4 ,gir?s ( ! reliev$ mules %\ld be slack5$ gradually1 z sudd5 loos+ ( ! gir?s causes swell+s4 ,,camps4 ,on rea*+ camp halt ! batt]y1 9 l9e1 9 re> ( ! gr\nd to be occupi$1 fac+ to ! front4 ,indicate ! positions = mat]ial1 etc4 ,! batt]y is !n m>*$ to ! site ( ! gun-p>k & ! guns =m$ action front1 ! /ores & boxes be+ pil$ 9 re> ( ea* gun4 ,if possible make a f\ndation ( /ones1 etc41 = ! piles ( boxes to re/ on1 dig a tr5* ar\nd x1 & cov] ! pile ) a paul9 firmly secur$4 ,! m5's t5ts are on ei!r flank1 ! mules be+ picket$ betwe5 ! l9es ( t5ts4 ,! (fic]s' t5ts are on a l9e p]p5dicul> to ! m5's t5ts1 & ab\t tw5ty-five y>ds f ! end ones1 & face inw>d4 ,! gu>d-t5ts are ne> ! flank guns4 ,aft] unload+1 gir?s are loos5$ a little1 & are all[$ to rema9 s = fifte5 m9utes4 ,if ! animals are w>m !y %\ld be walk$ ar\nd until cool1 & may !n be wat]$4 ,z a rule all wat]+ %\ld be sup]9t5d$ by an (fic]1 & no man %\ld be all[$ to take m ?an two mules to wat] at ! same "t4 ,:5 ! mules are put on ! picket-l9e1 remove bridles & wipe bits1 loos5 c9*a a little1 & place bree*+ ov] saddle1 & take (f brea/-/rap if "o be us$4 ,sponge no/rils & eyes1 rub heads ) dry wisp1 & fe$ hay or grass4 ,saddles are only remov$ by ord]2 & :5 remov$ ! m5 mu/ exam9e %\ld]s1 )]s1 sides1 & docks1 & report ! result4 ,backs %\ld be rubb$ (f until ! hair lies smoo?4 ,! saddles are plac$ on end beh9d ! l9e1 pads fac+ sun or w9d to dry4 ,:5 dry !y %\ld be c>efully bru%$1 beat5 if necess>y1 & all hair remov$4 ,at aft]noon /ables mules are groom$1 wat]$ if necess>y1 & f$1 & ! gra9 = ! next morn+ s]v$ out & ! outfit arrang$ = use4 ,9 groom+ nev] use a currycomb on ! animal's back4 ,saddles1 back up1 are on "o paul9 spread out betwe5 e two mules1 ) bridles1 etc4 ,! o!r paul9 is !n plac$ ov] ! saddles & ov] ! ends ( ! fir/ paul91 :i* are turn$ up1 & a /rap is pass$ ar\nd x & buckl$ ab\t two feet above ! gr\nd4 ,9 wet wea!r ! gr\nd on :i* ! saddles are plac$ %\ld be rais$4 ,groom+ is ! same z ) horses2 b mules h>dly ne$ ! elaborate groom+ usually be/[$ on horses4 ,! mule's blanket is us$ = 8 cov]+ at night1 & 9 hot wea!r is fold$ up squ>e on 8 back & secur$ !re z a protection aga9/ ! sun4 ,gunn]s w require _! deta*m5ts ( cannone]s to clean up guns1 etc41 aft] a m>*4 ,all m5 = m\nta9-batt]ies %\ld be pick$ m54 ,troop ,b1 ,f\r? ,cavalry1 :ile 9 ,arizona kept on h& ready to />t on a sc\t+ exp$ition ) its pack-tra93 fl\r #ejj lbs41 h>d bread #ej lbs41 bacon #cej lbs41 sug> #ge lbs41 c(fee #fj lbs41 beans #ej lbs41 salt #be lbs41 bak+-p[d] #bj lbs42 #f camp-kettles1 #dj lbs42 #b mess-boxes1 #aej lbs42 #bj mess-pans1 #aj lbs42 #a axe1 #a spade1 small c(fee-mill1 #b but*]-knives1 #b long =ks1 #b long spoons1 #c or #d t9 plates1 #c fry+-pans1 soap1 pepp]1 mat*es1 & a few f>ri]'s rem$ies4 ,! bak+-pans 7 circul>1 #ab in*es 9 diamet] at top & #i at bottom4 ,! ,rule = ,mak+ ,bread 0 z foll[s3 ,dig a tr5* a little ov] a foot wide1 a foot deep1 & #ab feet long4 ,build a fire ne> x4 ,!n mix #dj qu>t-cups ( fl\r ) salt1 bak+-p[d] & wat] 9 a mess-box2 divide d\gh 9 t5 equal p>ts & place ea* 9 a small mess-pan4 ,cov] bottom ( tr5* ) a lay] ( coals #c in*es2 !n place on lay] ! pans ( d\gh & cov] same ) l>g] pans s z to protect f dirt1 etc4 ,fill tr5* & cov] tops & sides ( pans ) coals4 ,leave = #a h\rs4 ,ea* loaf w make f\r rations4 ,,table ,,( ,,m\nta9-,,artill]y4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,au/ria4 ,engl&4 ,france4 ---------------------------------------- #g cm4 #g pdr4 ,model ,jo9t$ #g pdr4 ( #hj mm4 #ahge4 ,model #bjj lbs4 ,model #ahgi4 #ahgh4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,gun4 ,mat]ial /eel /eel /eel /eel bronze ,weight1 lbs4 #aig #djj #bjj #bca4e ,calibre1 ins4 #b4f #b4e #c4j #c4ae ,total l5g?1 ft4 #c4bh #e4hg #c4da #c4id ,sy/em ( obturation ,w$ge4 ,muzzle-,muzzle- ,int]rupt$- ,broadwellload+load+ screw de r+4 ,bange4 ,c>riage4 ,weight1 )\t :eels1 lbs4 #aej #cbd #bjf #cbb ,weight1 complete ) gun #ddj #icf #eej #ffa ,wid? ( track1 ins4 #bg4e #cf #bg #bf4h ,diam4 ( :eels1 ins4 #cg4d #cf #cf #cg ,s]vice *>ge1 lbs4 #j4gg #a4e #j4ge #j4hh ,%ell1 ,common4 ,weight 7full71 lbs4 #f4d #g #g4ca #ab4c ,bur/+-*>ge1 oz4 #c4cg #d #f4e #e4bg ,%rapnel4 ,weight 7full71 lbs4 #f4i #g #g #ac4ij ,bur/+-*>ge1 oz4 #a4c #j4e #j4e #b4hb ,numb] ( bullets #fe #ajj #db #abj ,initial velocity1 f4 s4 #igi #addj #iej #hdc ,no4 ( ,r\nds4 ,p] gun#a #cb #if #ij #gj ,p] batt]y#b #ddh #hfd #haj #hdj ,no4 ( ,animals4 ,p] batt]y #fg #bbj #ahd #id ,alg]ia #aej ,no4 ( ,p]sonnel4 ,p] batt]y #aaa #bhg #bde #afj ,alg]ia #bdb ,no4 ( ,guns4 ,p] batt]y #d #f #f #f ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,italy4 ,russia4 ,spa94 ,switz]l&4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #g cm4 #b4e 94 #h cm4 #ge mm4 ,model #ahib4 ,model #ahgd4 ,model #ahgg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,gun4 ,mat]ial compress'd /eel /eel /eel bronze ,weight1 lbs4 #bae #aid #bbe #bca4e ,calibre1 ins4 #b4ie #b4e #c4ji #b4ie ,total l5g?1 ft4 #c4bh #c4ca #c4ca #c4bj ,sy/em ( obturation ,w$ge4 ,int]rupt$-,int]rupt$- ,w$ge4 screw de screw ,broadwell ,bange4 /eel cup4 r+4 ,c>riage4 ,weight1 )\t :eels1 lbs4 #aih #cbe #bdj #bje ,weight1 complete ) gun #eea #fhc #fhd #fgc ,wid? ( track1 ins4 #bg4i #cb4h #cd4d #bi4i ,diam4 ( :eels1 ins4 #cg4f #dj4h #ce4d -- ,s]vice *>ge1 lbs4 #j4ff #j4ha #j4hh #j4hh ,%ell1 ,common4 ,weight 7full71 lbs4 #i4dc #h4h #h4ed #i4bf ,bur/+-*>ge1 oz4 #d4if #d4bb #g4jd #c4eb ,%rapnel4 ,weight 7full71 lbs4 #i4bf #h4i #aj4c #i4dh ,bur/+-*>ge1 oz4 #a4gf #a4je #j4ce #a4id ,numb] ( bullets #aji #ajj #ij #aab ,initial velocity1 f4 s4 #hdj #icb #ie #hii ,no4 ( ,r\nds4 ,p] gun#a #gd #if #ajj #bj ,p] batt]y#b #agjd #aecf #fjj #fjj ,no4 ( ,animals4 ,p] batt]y #adh #bjf #ha #hc ,no4 ( ,p]sonnel4 ,p] batt]y #bhf #cjf #aig #agj ,no4 ( ,guns4 ,p] batt]y #f #h #f #f ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,field-,,artill]y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,con/ruction ( ,field-guns4 ,,details ,,( ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,field-,,artill]y ,,guns 7,,late/ ,,model74 ,! guns describ$ 9 ?is & ! next *apt] are built-up guns made ( l[ /eel1 & all ! p>ts are temp]$ 9 oil4 ,! tube ent]s ! jacket f ! front#c & has %\ld]s ^u x1 :i* come 9 contact ) correspond+ %\ld]s 9 ! jacket4 ,^! %\ld]s prev5t any =w>d movem5t ( ! tube or re> movem5t ( ! jacket4 ,! tube tap]s f 9 front ( ! jacket to ! muzzle1 :i* ends 9 a swell4 ,! ext]ior ( ! jacket is made up ( a s]ies ( tap]+ surfaces4 ,on ! int]ior surface1 />t+ f ! re> end1 !re are fir/1 ! seat = ! c>ri]-r+ 9 ! jacket1 :i* also conta9s ! slott$ & ?read$ sectors = hold+ ! bree*-block2 9 front ( ?is is ! tap]+ gas-*eck seat 9 ! tube2 & =w>d ( ?is is ! cyl9drical p[d]-*amb]1 :i* is connect$ to ! %ot-*amb] by a slope4 ,! %ot-*amb] also is cyl9drical & connect$ ) ! bore by a slope4 ,! v5t be+ axial 9 ! model ( '#ij1 ent]s ! p[d]-*amb] ?r\gh & along ! axis ( ! sp9dle ( ! obturator4 ,9 front ( ! gas-*eck seat 9 ! model ( '#he !re is a cyl9drical surface lead+ to ! ellipsoidal p[d]-*amb]1 :i* is connect$ ) ! %ot-*amb] by a slope1 & ! radial v5t ent]s #ab in*es f ! re> face ( ! jacket & at ! maximum diamet] ( ! p[d]-*amb]4 ,! v5t-piece1 made ( copp]1 is screw$ into position1 ! "p project+ above ! surface ( ! piece be+ rectangul>4 ,,! ,,bree* ,,me*anism4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts are ! bree*-block1 ! c>ri]-r+1 ! obturator1 ! lev]-h&le1 ! bronze h&le1 & ! v5t-cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bree*-,,block4 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,! ,block1 ,fig4 #cj1 is ?read$ = a di/ance ( f\r in*es f its =w>d end1 & ! circumf]5ce ( ! ?read is divid$ into six equal p>ts4 ,! ?reads ( ! block are remov$ along ?ree alt]nate sectors1 z is usual 9 ! int]rupt$-screw f]mature1 to all[ ! block to slide 9 ! correspond+ slott$ sectors 9 ! jacket 7or base-r+ 9 e>li] model74 ,! ?read$ sectors engage 9 ! correspond+ slott$ sectors 9 ! bree*-block1 b "o six? ( a turn ( ! block w engage ! screw-?reads ( bo?4 ,! int]ior ( ! block is bor$ out to =m ! obturator-sp9dle recess4 ,at ! end ( ! block are two lugs = ! lev]-h&le4 ,on ! "r "o is a %\ld] :i* limits ! motion ( ! lev]-h&le4 ,! ,nose is ! front end ( ! block1 slightly r$uc$ 9 diamet] 9 ord] to p>tly ent] ! gas-*eck seat4 ,! ,/op-groove1 into :i* ! /op on ! c>ri]-r+ ent]s1 is 9 ! plan$ sector on ! left-h& side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,! ,lat*-groove 7,fig4 #ca7 is 9 two p>ts1 "o longitud9al 7d71 at ! front end ( ! block1 & ! o!r transv]se 7a71 at ! re> end4 ,! /em ( ! lat* drops into ! front groove 7e7 :5 ! block is )drawn1 & into ! re> groove 7b7 :5 ! block is revolv$ into its fir+ position1 9 ea* case unlock+ ! c>ri]-r+ f ! jacket--9 ! fir/ case1 s t x maybe swung back2 9 ! second1 to prev5t ! break+ ( ! lat* :5 ! gun is dis*>g$4 ,! ,lock+-recess 7e7 is at ! front end ( ! longitud9al lat*-groove4 ,! /em ( ! lat* drops into x :5 ! block is )drawn1 & ?us locks ! block positively to ! c>ri]-r+4 ,! ,guide-groove is ! cyl9drical recess at ! re> ( ! block 9 :i* ! guide-sectors move :5 ! block is rotat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>ri]-,,r+4 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,! ,guide-sectors 7b1 ,fig4 #cb7 are ?ree projections f ! int]ior ( ! c>ri]-r+ 7h71 :i* fit 9 ! slott$ sectors ( ! bree*-block & guide x dur+ its motion ?r\gh ! c>ri]-r+4 ,! ,lat*-cov] 7i7 is a sep>ate piece :i* cov]s ! lat* & its spr+1 & is secur$ to ! c>ri]-r+ by two screws 7j74 ,on remov+ ?is plate ! lat* & spr+ c be tak5 out4 ,! ,lat* 7f 9 ,fig4 #cb7 fits 9 a recess 9 ! c>ri]-r+ on ! "r side4 ,x is act$ on by a spr+ 7b1 ,fig4 #cc71 :i* pu%es x con/antly t[>d ! axis ( ! c>ri]-r+4 ,its inn] end or /em 7a7 re/s on ! surface ( "o ( ! slott$ sectors1 except at ! end ( its travel1 :5 x drops into ! correspond+ recess 9 ! block4 ,z long z its /em re/s on ! surface ( ! sector its out] end or nose projects beyond ! ext]ior surface ( ! c>ri]-r+1 &1 ent]+ a recess 9 ! jacket1 locks ! c>ri]-r+ to ! jacket4 ,:5 ! /em drops into its recesses1 ! nose ( ! lat* is )drawn by ! action ( ! spr+ & ! c>ri]-r+ is unlock$4 ,! front face ( ! lat* has a recess 7h71 into :i* fits a h>d5$ /ud 7s7 t is screw$ into ! re> face ( ! jacket4 ,?is /ud act+ aga9/ ! recess lifts ! lat* out ( its lock+-recess 9 ! bree*-block1 & holds x 9 a position su* t ! /em c pass up ! incl9$ groove4 ,9 ord] t ! /ud may act on ! lat*1 a hole 7g7 is drill$ ?r\gh ! front face ( ! c>ri]-r+ = ! /ud to pass ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,! functions ( ! lat*-spr+ h already be5 expla9$4 ,! ,/op 7c1 ,fig4 #cb7 ent]s ! c>ri]-r+ on ! left side betwe5 ! lugs 7e71 & projects beyond ! bore ( ! c>ri]-r+1 ent]+ a groove 9 ! bree*-block :i* is cut = x4 ,?is /op limits ! travel ( ! block to ! re> 9 )draw+ x1 & also limits its rotation4 ,! ,h+e-p9 ent]s ! lugs 7e7 ( ! c>ri]-r+ & a correspond+ lug on ! jacket f bel[1 & ! c>ri]-r+ sw+s ar\nd x 9 op5+4 ,! bore is ! diamet] ( ! r+ across guide-sectors4 ,! ext]ior tap] =ms ! surface ( contact ( c>ri]-r+ ) jacket4 ,! lugs 7e7 are ! be>+s = ! h+e-p94 ,! c>ri]-r+1 z its "n indicates1 c>ries ! bree*-block :5 ! latt] is )drawn1 & by means ( x ! block may be swung r\nd out ( ! way = load+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,de ,,bange ,,obturator4 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts are3 ! sp9dle 7a72 ! front cup 7f72 ! re> cup 7f72 ! pad 7g72 ! spr+ 7j72 ! nut 7h72 ! spl9e-screw 7k74 ,! sp9dle has a mu%room-%ap$ head 7b71 & a /em1 :i* ext5ds ?r\gh ! bree*-block & t]m9ates 9 a screw-?read4 ,! bree*-block is recess$ correspond+ly4 ,9 guns ) axial v5ts1 ! v5t 7c71 #j4b in* 9 diamet]1 passes ?r\gh ! axis ( ! sp9dle1 & ! copp] bu%+ 7d7 is ins]t$ by pressure at ! front end4 ,! front & re> gas-*eck cups are ( /eel1 & hold betwe5 !m a pla/ic pad made ( c]ta9 proportions ( asbe/os & tall[ & cov]$ ) canvas 7) disks ( copp] 7m7 on ei!r side 9 ! revis$ model17 & a diagonally-split r+ 7n7 ( /eel is us$ to cut (f ! escape ( gas4 ,a spiral spr+ 7j7 surr\nds ! /em ( ! obturator at ! re> ( ! block1 & be>s aga9/ a %\ld] on ! block & a nut 7h7 on ! screw-?read ( ! sp9dle4 ,?is spr+1 :i* acts to press ! sp9dle back1 keeps ! cups & pad 9 place1 takes up any set ( ! pad due to fir+1 & prev5ts ! fracture ( ! screw$ end ( ! /em4 ,! spl9e-screw 7k7 holds ! nut on ! sp9dle 9 position & prev5ts its unscrew+ :5 ! pad /icks 9 its seat aft] fir+4 ,illu/ration3,,! ,,freyre ,,obturator4 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts are 7,fig4 #ce73 ! sp9dle 7a72 ! gas-*eck r+ 7f72 ! spr+ 7e72 ! obturator-nut 7d72 ! lock+-nut 7d71 or ! spl9e-screw4 ,! ,sp9dle has a head 7g7 at ! =w>d end1 its surface be+ plane & its sides conical1 ) ! l>g] diamet] ( ! cone 9 front4 ,! v5t 7c71 #j4b in* 9 diamet]1 passes ?r\gh ! axis ( ! sp9dle1 & ! copp] bu%+ 7c7 is ins]t$ by pressure at ! front end4 ,! ,gas-*eck ,r+ 7f7 is ne>ly triangul> 9 section1 com+ to a po9t at ! front4 ,x fits accurately on ! conical surface ( ! head ( ! sp9dle1 & is slightly long] 9 ! direction ( ! axis ( ! bore ?an ?is head4 ,its re> surface re/s aga9/ ! front surface ( ! block1 :ile ! re> surface ( ! head is n 9 contact ) ?is front surface1 & c only be br\ght 9 contact ) x by a heavy pressure1 :i* w exp& ! gas-*eck r+4 ,! ,spr+ 7e7 acts aga9/ a %\ld] 9 ! block & a correspond+ %\ld] on ! obturator-sp9dle1 & t5ds to press ! sp9dle =w>d4 ,! ,obturator-nut 7d7 prev5ts ! action ( ! spr+ f =c+ ! sp9dle too f> =w>d1 & also regulates ! t5sion ( ! spr+4 ,! spl9e-screw acts z 9 ! de ,bange sy/em4 ,?is screw is us$ 9 place ( ! lock+-nut 7d7 %[n 9 figure4 ,,! ,,lev]-,,h&le4 7,see ,fig4 #cg47 ,?is h&le 7h7 acts z a lev] to rotate ! block1 its head act+ z a cam to )draw ! block & obturator :5 ! latt] /icks aft] fir+1 & to lock ! block 9 ! c>ri]-r+ & prev5t rotation dur+ fir+4 ,x is support$ 9 ! lugs 7l7 ( ! bree*-block by a p9 7e7 & rotates ) ! p92 to :i* x is secur$ by a screw ent]+ v]tically4 ,! head ( ?is p9 has a projection 7a7 :i* /rikes aga9/ ! correspond+ /op on ! "r lug & limits ! motion ( ! lev]-h&le4 ,,! ,,bronze-,,h&le4 7,see ,fig4 #cg47 ,?is h&le 7g7 is atta*$ to ! bree*-block by two screws4 ,its purpose is to assi/ 9 )draw+ & pu%+ 9 ! bree*-block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5t-,,cov]4 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,= ,axial ,v5t4--,a radial slot 7a1 ,fig4 #cf7 is made 9 ! re> "p ( ! bree*-block1 9 :i* slides a piece ( metal 7b7 hav+ a p9 7c7 project+ f its =w>d face next ! gun4 ,?is p9 fits into a groove 7d7 cut 9 ! re> face ( ! c>ri]-r+1 :i* is ecc5tric at its l[] end1 s t :5 ! block is plac$ 9 fir+ position ! slide is rais$ & ! v5t uncov]$4 ,= ,radial ,v5t4--,?is consi/s ( a long arm1 secur$ 9 position on top ( ! gun s t x c slide4 ,! "u side at its re> end has a slight projection1 :i* engages ov] a %\ld] on ! lev]-h&le4 ,:5 ! lev]-h&le is rais$ a %\ld] on x be>s aga9/ ! end ( ! arm1 pu%es x =w>d & cov]s ! v5t2 :5 ! block is 9 fir+ position & ! lev]-h&le is l[]$ ! %\ld] be>s aga9/ ! projection & draws back ! arm1 !reby uncov]+ ! v5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,bree* ,,me*anism4 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,suppose ! bree* clos$ & ! gun ready = fir+4 ,9 ?is position ! ?reads ( ! bree*-block are engag$ 9 ! ?reads ( ! jacket 7revis$ model7 or base-r+ 7model '#he72 ! gas-*eck is 9 its seat2 ! l[] end ( ! lat* is at ! end ( ! transv]se groove 9 ! block2 ! nose ( ! lat* is )drawn f its recess 9 ! jacket1 & ! c>ri]-r+ is unlock$2 ! lev]-h&le is v]tical1 its cam 9 ! recess 9 ! c>ri]-r+1 & its l[] end 9 ! recess 9 ! jacket4 ,to ,op5 ! ,bree*4--,grasp ! lev]-h&le 7h1 ,fig4 #cg7 ) ! left h&1 ?umb d[n1 & raise x until x /rikes ! /op1 !n rotate ! block z f> z possible to ! left2 l[] ! lev]-h&le3 its cam 7d71 act+ aga9/ ! surface 7r7 ( ! c>ri]-r+1 w )draw ! gas-*eck if x /icks 9 its seat4 ,?is rotation ( ! block pu%es ! lat* into its recess & locks ! c>ri]-r+ to ! jacket4 ,grasp ! bronze-h&le 7g7 ) ! "r h&1 ?umb to ! "r1 & )draw ! block until x comes up aga9/ ! /op4 ,9 ?is position ! /em ( ! lat* drops into ! lock+-recess1 lock+ ! block to ! c>ri]-r+1 & at ! same "t unlock+ ! c>ri]-r+ f ! jacket2 sw+ ! block & c>ri]-r+ ar\nd to ! left & ins]t ! projectile & *>ge4 ,to ,close ! ,bree*4--,seize ! bronze-h&le ) ! "r h&1 ?umb to ! "r1 & sw+ ! c>ri]-r+ & block ar\nd until ! c>ri]-r+ is 9 its seat1 grasp+ ! lev]-h&le ) ! left h&1 ?umb d[n1 at ! same "t1 & rais+ ! h&le until x /rikes ! /op4 ,! c>ri]-r+ %\ld be br\ght up to its seat %>ply1 b )\t slamm+1 & %\ld be held firmly = an in/ant1 o!rwise ! r+ may />t back slightly f ! j> & ! retract+-/ud fail to hold ! lat*-p9 high en\gh to all[ ! block to move =w>d4 ,:5 ! c>ri]-r+ /rikes its seat ! retract+-/ud ent]s ! hole 9 ! front face ( ! r+1 &1 act+ on ! recess 9 ! lat*1 lifts ! lat* to its travell+ position1 t is1 lifts x out ( ! lock+-recess & holds x 9 su* a position t :5 ! block is pu%$ =w>d1 ! l[] end ( ! lat* w /rike ! incl9$ surface at ! front ( ! longitud9al groove4 ,raise ! lev]-h&le until x re/s aga9/ ! /op1 & pu% ! block =w>d until x /ops4 ,dur+ ?is travel ! l[] end ( ! lat* has mov$ up ! incl9$ surface ( ! longitud9al groove & has lock$ ! c>ri]-r+ to ! jacket4 ,revolve ! block "o six? ( a turn until x /rikes ! /op2 l[] ! lev]-h&le to its prop] position1 :5 ev]y?+ w be 9 ! condition fir/ describ$1 ! v5t w be uncov]$1 & ! gun w be ready = fir+4 ,:5 ! block is revolv$ "o six? ( a turn ! l[] end ( ! lat* gradually drops into its groove1 unlock+ ! c>ri]-r+1 :i* rema9s s dur+ fir+4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,dism\nt+4 #a4 ,raise ! lev]-h&le & turn ! bree*-block to ! left4 #b4 ,take out h+e-p9 screws & remove ! h+e-p94 #c4 ,)draw ! bree*-block ) c>ri]-r+4 #d4 ,take out ! lat*-cov] screws & remove ! lat*-cov]1 lat*-spr+1 & lat*4 #e4 ,take out ! /op-screw & remove ! /op4 #f4 ,take (f ! c>ri]-r+4 ,de ,bange ,obturator4 #g4 ,remove ! spl9e-screw & take (f ! nut4 #h4 ,take out ! sp9dle4 #i4 ,take out ! spr+4 #aj4 ,take (f ! obturator cups & pad4 ,freyre ,obturator4 #g4 ,remove ! spl9e-screw & take (f ! nut4 #h4 ,take out ! sp9dle4 #i4 ,take out ! spr+4 #aj4 ,take (f ! gas-*eck r+ & face-plate4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+4 ,de ,bange ,obturator4 #a4 ,put ! obturator cups & pad 9 place on sp9dle4 #b4 ,put 9 ! spr+4 #c4 ,put 9 ! sp9dle4 #d4 ,screw on ! nut1 & put 9 ! spl9e-screw4 ,freyre ,obturator4 #a4 ,put ! gas-*eck r+ & face-plate 9 place4 #b4 ,put 9 ! spr+4 #c4 ,put 9 ! sp9dle4 #d4 ,screw on ! nut1 & put 9 ! spl9e-screw4 #e4 ,put ! c>ri]-r+ on ! bree*-block4 #f4 ,put 9 ! /op & screw4 #g4 ,put 9 ! lat*1 ! lat*-spr+2 put on ! lat*-cov] & screws4 #h4 ,ins]t ! bree*-block ) c>ri]-r+ into ! gun4 #i4 ,put 9 ! h+e-p9 & screws4 #aj4 ,lock ! block4 ,exp]im5ts are n[ be+ made ) ! view ( introduc+ metallic ammunition1 & x is possible t a bree* me*anism simil> to ! ,driggs-,s*ro$] or ! ,g]dom w be adopt$4 ,a g5]al description ( ea* is !re=e giv51 & also ! propos$ me?od ( supply+ ammunition4 ,,! ,,driggs-,,s*ro$] ,,bree* ,,me*anism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg;a4 ,! cuts %[ ! positions ( ! block :5 lock$1 :5 unlock$1 & :5 revolv$ to ! re>4 ,! bree*-block 7b71 weigh+ #ca lbs41 has b&s 7c7 on top & sides t fit 9 correspond+ grooves 9 ! jacket2 ^! b&s h an incl9ation ( #b degrees to ! front & upw>d to secure complete obturation & facilitate lock+ & unlock+4 ,!re is a transv]se hole 7i7 ?r\gh ! block = ! ma9 bolt 7d72 x is l5g!n$ 9 a ne>ly v]tical direction s t ! fir/ motion ( ! op]at+-h&le causes1 by ! action ( ! ma9 cam 7e71 ! block to desc5d & dis5gage ! b&s f ! grooves 9 ! bree*1 aft] :i* ! block rotates to ! re> & re/s on ! tray4 ,guide-bolts 7k71 screw$ ?r\gh ea* side ( ! curta91 project into guide-grooves 7l7 cut 9 ea* side ( ! block & conf9e its movem5t4 ,! ma9 cam1 fir+-p9 & spr+1 & se> & se>-spr+ are conta9$ 9 ! block1 ! front face ( :i* be>s a heavy removable plate 7a74 ,! fir+-p9 has "u its re> "p full-cock & half-cock /uds2 & ! se>1 actuat$ by its spr+1 presses up aga9/ x & engages ! /uds 9 succession z ! fir+-p9 is =c$ to ! re> by ! action ( ! ma9 cam aga9/ ! lug on ! "u side ( ! fir+-p94 ,! po9t ( ?is lug always re/s 9 ! circul> groove 9 ! upp] re> face ( ! ma9 cam4 ,! extractors 7j71 "o on ei!r side1 lie flat aga9/ ! re> face ( ! tube ( ! gun & 9 recesses 9 ! front face ( ! block4 ,!y revolve on pivots :i* "w 9 recesses 9 ! curta94 ,! re> sides ( ! tails ( ! extractors & ! l[] front corn]s ( ! bree*-block =m cam surfaces s arrang$ t :5 ! block rotates to ! re> ! extractors extract & eject ! c>tridge-case4 ,! spr+ lock on ! h&le prev5ts ! ma9 bolt & block f mov+1 :5 ! bree* is clos$1 "u /ress o!r ?an t appli$ directly to ! h&le4 ,,to ,,dism\nt4 #a4 ,back out ! guide-bolts f> en\gh to cle> ! guide-grooves4 #b4 ,half-cock4 #c4 ,take (f h&le4 #d4 ,tap ! ma9 bolt g5tly to />t x & )draw x completely1 support+ ! block ) ! h&4 #e4 ,l[] ! block out ( place1 tilt+ x slightly to ! re> s z to cle> ! extractors4 ,,! ,,bree*-,,block ,,be+ ,,out1 ,,to ,,take ,,! ,,me*anism ,,ap>t4 #a4 ,full-cock ! fir+-p9 be=e remov+ ! face-plate4 #b4 ,remove face-plate4 #c4 ,ease fir+-p9 =w>d & remove f+]-cat*4 #d4 ,take out ma9 cam1 fir+-p91 & spr+4 #e4 ,pu% se>-plug 9 a little1 turn x until ! /ud is fair = com+ out1 & remove x & ! se> & spr+4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,proce$ 9 ! rev]se ord]4 ,put 9 successively ! fir+-p9 spr+1 ! fir+-p91 & ! ma9 cam4 ,! front side ( ?is cam is m>k$ out4 ,! fir+-p9 mu/ be full-cock$ be=e putt+ on ! face-plate & !n let d[n to half-cock4 ,an arr[ on ! head ( ! ma9 bolt be+ br\ght 9 l9e ) ! arr[ on ! curta9 indicates ! prop] squ>e = ! hexagonal be>+ 9 ! cam4 ,,g]dom ,,rapid-,,fir+ ,,bree* ,,me*anism4 ,! bree*-block has two ?read$ & two pla9 sectors 7ea* #ij degrees7 ) correspond+ sectors 9 ! bree* ( ! gun1 s t ! block is lock$ or unlock$ by a qu>t] ( a turn4 ,! block conta9s a fir+-p9 :i*1 ) its spr+1 is ins]t$ f ! front end ( ! block1 :i* is !n clos$ by a ?read$ cap4 ,! c5tre hole 9 ?is cap p]mits ! /rik+ end ( ! p9 to come ?r\gh to ! front 9 c]ta9 positions ( ! block & to hit ! prim]4 ,! re> end ( ! block is c\nt]sunk to receive ! op]at+-lev]1 ! lock+-lat* & its spr+1 ! cock+-lev] & its h+e-p91 ! trunnion$ coll>1 ! not*$ cap1 & ! se> & its spr+4 ,! extract+-device engages 9 front ( ! c>tridge-head & grips x = m ?an "o eigh? ( its circumf]5ce4 ,its motion is guid$ p>allel to ! axis ( ! piece by two cyl9drical arms work+ 9 slots cut 9 ! bree*4 ,sw++ ! c>ri]-r+ ar\nd its pivot causes ! extract+-device fir/ to act z a w$ge to loos5 ! c>tridge-case1 & !n by a rapid motion ! case is ?r[n out ( ! gun1 or f> en\gh to ! re> 9 ! bree* to be easily remov$ by h&4 ,! op]ation ( ! me*anism ( ! gun is z foll[s3 ,! op]at+-lev] is seiz$ ) ! left h&1 & a h&le on ! "r re> face ( ! c>ri]-r+ ) ! "r h&4 ,! lev] is pull$ slightly m ?an #ij to ! left4 ,! fir/ motion ( ! lev] unlocks ! cock+-lat*2 ! rema9d] ( ! motion rotates ! block 9 ! c>ri]-r+1 dis5gag+ ! screw-?reads4 ,dur+ ?is motion ( rotation ! cock+-lev] has pull$ back ! fir+-p91 :i* is held 9 position by an edge ( ! se> engag+ "u a not* on ! screw-cap4 ,! c>ri]-r+ is !n swung to ! left by ! h&le 9 ! "r h&4 ,! block moves to ! left ) ! r+ & passes p>tly ?r\gh ! slot out ( ! bree* & uncov]s ! bore4 ,! fir/ motion ( ! r+ loos5s ! c>tridge-case1 z be=e describ$1 & !n ejects x4 ,! new *>ge is !n ?r[n 91 no c>e be+ tak5 to seat x2 ! r+ swung to1 & ! block rotat$ & lock$4 ,z soon z ! block is lock$1 pull+ ! se> fires ! gun4 ,,fix$ ,,ammunition4 ,smokeless p[d] w be us$1 ab\t #a lbs4 =m+ ! *>ge4 ,! %ell1 ca/ iron1 weighs #af lbs4 & also conta9s a bur/+-*>ge ( #h oz4 ( p[d]4 ,! %rapnel w be simil> to ! ,frank=d ,ars5al %rapnel n[ manufactur$1 b long] & heavi] 7#af lbs4 #aj oz471 & w break into ab\t #bdj pieces 7balls & fragm5ts74 ,! metallic case1 brass or alum9um1 has ! projectile ins]t$ 9 x to ! di/ance ( #a4ge in*es1 ! base ( ! projectile be+ sep>at$ f ! p[d]-*>ge by a felt wad4 ,! total l5g? ( a r\nd is #ah4cc in*es4 ,exp]im5ts ) *>ges ( ,troisdorf p[d] f #a lb4 #h oz4 to #b lbs4 #a oz4 h giv5 ) ! #c4b-;in* gun velocities f #agfe to #bjcb ft4-sec4 ,supply+ ,ammunition4--,x is propos$ to h boxes t c be readily op5$ & clos$ conta9+ a c]ta9 numb] ( r\nds1 ab\t t5 = #c4b-;in* gun1 c>ri$ by ! supply-tra94 ,:5 a batt]y requires ammunition1 ! boxes w be tak5 f ! ammunition-wagon1 op5$ & ! *e/s fill$4 ,! empty metallic cases ) ! batt]y are !n plac$ 9 ! boxes1 :i* are securely clos$1 load$ on ! ammunition-wagon & return$ to ! depot by ! (fic] 9 *>ge2 & are f !re return$ by ! ordnance (fic] to ! ,frank=d ,ars5al to be aga9 fill$ & prep>$ = s]vice4 ,! co/ ( supply+ ammunition by ?is me?od w be less ?an x is n[4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #c4b-;in* ,guns4 ,sights4 ,ammunition4 ,fuzes4 ,range ,table4 #c4b-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle1 ,,model #ahhe 7,,modifi$74 7,fig4 #ch47 ,mat]ial /eel ,total l5g? #g4ef feet ,calibre #c4b in*es ,weight #hbi p\nds ,grooves #bd ,twi/ ( rifl+1 uni=m #a turn 9 #cj calibres ,axis ( trunnions above gr\nd #c4ef feet ,p[d]-*amb] ellipsoidal ,v5t radial ,prepond]ance #ej p\nds ,muzzle velocity #afhe ft4-sec4 ,maximum range = %rapnel#d #ffac y>ds ,?is gun consi/s ( a tube 7a71 jacket 7b71 trunnion-r+ 7c71 sleeve 7d71 key-r+ 7e71 lock+-r+ 7f71 base-r+ 7g71 & bree* me*anism1 ,de ,bange obturator1 v5t-bu%+ ( copp]4 #c4b-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle1 ,,model '#ij4 7,fig4 #ci47 ,mat]ial /eel ,total l5g? #g4ca feet ,calibre #c4b in*es ,weight #gid p\nds ,grooves #bd ,twi/ ( rifl+1 increas+ #a turn 9 #ej to #a turn 9 #be calibres ,axis ( trunnions above gr\nd #c4ef feet ,p[d]-*amb] cyl9drical ,v5t axial ,prepond]ance #ca lbs4 ,muzzle velocity #afhe ft4-sec4 ,maximum range = %rapnel #ffac y>ds ,di/ance betwe5 sights #cj4g in*es ,?is gun consi/s ( tube 7g71 jacket 7h71 & bree* me*anism1 ,de ,bange obturator1 v5t-bu%+ ( copp]4 ,! jacket1 trunnion-r+1 base-r+1 & sleeve1 ( ! model ( #ahhe1 =m "o piece1 & ! key-r+ is omitt$1 z ! tube & jacket are lock$ firmly toge!r by %\ld]s 7a1 b1 c7 9 re> & %\ld]s 9 front1 ) a projection on ! tube t fits into a correspond+ recess 9 ! jacket4 d is ! p[d]-*amb]1 f ! slope f no l&s to maximum l&s1 & e ! connect+ slope = seat ( rot>y b&4 ,! v5t-cov] is a p9 work+ 9 a slot 9 ! face ( ! c>ri]-r+4 7,see ,fig4 #cf47 ,,sights4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,! ,front ,sight 7,fig4 #dj7 is atta*$ to ! "r rim-base1 & consi/s ( ! base a1 ! /&>d b1 & ! cyl9d] c1 all =m$ 9 "o piece4 ,! cyl9d] c is a bu%+ op5 at bo? ends1 ! int]ior be+ =m$ ( two conical fru/ums c jo9$ at _! small] bases & hav+ at ?is junction cross-wires 771 d1 ( plat9um1 :i* give ! exact c5tre ( ! sight4 ,9 ! new sights ! cross-wires ( wat*-spr+ are plac$ diagonally 7,x74 ,! cross-wires are us$ ) ! peep ( ! bree*-sight1 & ! po9t e on top is us$ ) ! op5 sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,! ,bree*-sight 7,fig4 #da7 consi/s ( a tang5t scale affix$ to a circul> base revolv+ 9 a plane normal to ! axis ( ! piece to comp5sate = incl9ation ( trunnions :5 on unev5 gr\nd4 ,! scale moves lat]ally on its base to correct = w9d & drift1 & be>s a _s-level1 f4 ,along ! v]tical limb1 ,c1 ( ! sight1 :i* is slott$1 moves an eye-piece1 ,d1 actuat$ by a screw1 d4 ,?is eye-piece 7be>+ ! peep-sight d7 ext5ds on ei!r side ( ! slot1 ! l[] edge be+ horizontal & bevell$4 ,! "o on ! "r is graduat$ into t5 equal p>ts4 ,! v]tical limb be+ graduat$ into degrees 7#j to #ae71 & !n sub-divid$ by diagonals into six?s1 a diagonal scale ( equal p>ts read+ to m9utes is obta9$4 ,! re> sights n[ be+ issu$ h range scales 9 y>ds = %ell & %rapnel engrav$ ^u ! sight 9 addition to ! degree scale4 ,! scale ( y>ds = %rapnel on ! re> face ( ! sight1 left side1 is arrang$ ) diagonal l9es1 to be read 9 ! same mann] z ! degree scale4 ,ea* diagonal embraces #bej y>ds ( range1 & !re are five divisions on ! upp] edge ( ! slide1 by :i* ?is space is sub-divid$1 s t ! int]vals ( #ej y>ds 9 range are read directly f ! scale4 ,! scale ( y>ds = %ell1 on ! front face ( ! sight1 is m>k$ = ea* #ajj y>ds ( range1 & is read f an index l9e on ! slide4 ,! horizontal limb1 or cross-b>1 e1 :i* is actuat$ by ! screws ee1 is graduat$ into spaces1 ea* ( :i* corresponds to a deviation equal to #a_/cde ( ! range4 7,9 future con/ructions ?is division w correspond to #a_/ajjj ( ! range47 ,?is v>iation is tabulat$ 9 ! range table "u ! head+ ,deflection = "o division ( ! horizontal scale4 ,by means ( a pivot1 ,b1 ! sight prop] is atta*$ to ! /em ,a1 ! axis ( rotation be+ at ! z]o ( ! scale4 ,! /em tap]s s z to fit into ! sight-socket fix$ at ! bree*4 ,a p9 project+ f ! /em1 & fitt+ 9 a recess 9 ! socket1 insures ! sight be+ prop]ly plac$ on ! gun4 ,! sight is fir/ levell$ & clamp$ by means ( ! clamp-screw a be=e sight+4 ,v]tical & horizontal *anges = elevation1 drift1 etc41 are giv5 by ! ?umb-screws d & ee4 ,,! ,,po9t+ ,,arc4 7,fig4 #da;a47 ,?is in/rum5t1 n[ "u consid]ation = use ) field-artill]y1 to replace :olly or 9 "p ! re> sight1 is made pr9cipally ( bronze1 & comprises ! arc a1 ! slide b1 & ! level-piece c4 ,! arc has two small seat+ plates1 d d1 secur$ to its base by c\nt]sunk screws4 ,! slide is connect$ to ! arc by a dovetail-jo9t1 & moves ov] x1 ! friction ( a spr+ keep+ ! slide 9 any desir$ position4 ,! t5sion ( ?is spr+ is adju/$ by ! two screws on ! side ( ! slide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da;a4 ,! /eel p9 on ! "u surface ( ! slide moves 9 ! groove on ! upp] surface ( ! arc1 &1 by abutt+ aga9/ ! /eel /op-p9s e at ea* end ( ! groove1 prev5ts ! slide f be+ mov$ (f ! arc4 ,! arc is graduat$ f #j to #bj degrees1 b read+s to #b m9utes are obta9$ by means ( ! v]ni]1 f1 at ! re> ( ! slide4 ,plates1 graduat$ 9 y>ds = %ell or %rapnel1 are on ei!r side ( ! arc4 ,!y are removable1 be+ graduat$ = ! piece ) :i* ! arc is us$4 ,! z]o index-m>ks on ! sides ( ! slide are supplem5t$ by two o!rs equidi/ant1 plus #b degrees & m9us #b degrees4 ,any "o ( ! ?ree may be us$ 9 sett+ ! slide to a desir$ range 9 y>ds4 ,! top ( ! slide has a scale1 graduat$ #c degrees on ei!r side ( ! z]o1 ) sub-divisions ( #f m9utes2 ! m>k+s plus & m9us are ! rev]se ( ^? on ! side ( ! slide4 ,! v]ni]1 g1 on ! level-piece p]mits ( a lea/ read+ ( #b m9utes be+ obta9$4 ,motion is giv5 ! level-piece by ! deflection-screw h4 ,to set ! po9t+ arc1 make ! z]o ( ! level-piece co9cide ) ! z]o ( ! slide-scale1 & !n take ! requir$ elevation 9 y>ds on ! side desir$4 ,%\ld ! piece & object fir$ at be on diff]5t levels1 & ! angle kn[n1 ! index ( ! level is mov$ to indicate ?is angle--to ! plus side if an elevation1 & to ! m9us side if a depression2 !n take ! elevation 9 y>ds z be=e4 ,! correction is made 9 ?is way = #c degrees or less1 b = angles above #c1 up to #e degrees1 ! #b-;degree m>ks on ! side ( ! slide mu/ be us$1 ! index m>k ( ! level be+ mov$ to co9cide ) ! m>k correspond+ to ! numb] ( degrees--elevation or depression--less #b degrees4 ,! plus #b-;degree m>k is us$ z an index :5 ! object has an elevation1 & ! m9us #b-;degree m>k :5 a depression4 ,to obta9 ! angle correspond+ to diff]5ce ( level1 sight ! piece on ! object by ! ord9>y sight1 us+ any elevation2 set ! po9t+ arc at ?is elevation1 & move ! level-piece by ! deflect+-screw until ! air-bubble is c5tr$4 ,! index ( ! level-piece !n po9ts to ! desir$ angle--plus if an elevation1 & m9us if a depression4 ,if ! :eels ( ! c>riage be n on ! same level ! gun w %oot t[>ds ! l[] :eel4 ,a correction = ?is is made by a deflection-scale4 ,! correction = deflection due to incl9ation ( trunnions1 express$ 9 units ( ! deflection-scale1 is1 at any range1 equal to ! product ( ! angle ( elevation & ! angle ( incl9ation ( ! trunnions1 bo? express$ 9 degrees1 into a con/ant multipli]4 ,:5 ! divisions ( ! deflection scale are #a_/ejj ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! sights ?is multipli] is #j4aebc2 :5 ! divisions are #a_/ajjj x is #j4cjdf4 ,! re> sight mu/ be mov$ t[>ds ! high] :eel4 ,,ammunition ,,= #c4b-;,,in* ,,gun4 ,! ord9>y friction-prim] is us$ = radial v5ts2 = axial v5ts an atta*m5t is made to ! friction-prim] ( a ?9 brass wire ab\t #ah in*es long1 loop$ or coil$ = conv5i5ce1 & hav+ "o end fa/5$ 9 ! loop ( ! friction-wire1 & ! o!r ar\nd ! head ( ! body ( ! friction-prim]4 ,! c>tridge-bag is us$1 b exp]im5ts are n[ be+ made ) metallic cases4 7,?is propos$ metallic ammunition = #c4b-;in* guns comprises a projectile weigh+ #af p\nds1 ) a suitable *>ge ( smokeless p[d] to give an initial velocity ( #adej ft4-sec47 ,*>ge ( p[d] #c p\nds ,i4 ,k4 #c sph]o-hex4 ,weight ( projectile fill$ #ac ,bur/+-*>ge ( %ell #g ounces ,bur/+-*>ge ( %rapnel #c ,%ell1 %rapnel1 & cani/] are us$4 ,%ell4--,! base-p]cussion-fuze %ell 7,fig4 #db7 is made ( ca/ iron 9 "o piece1 hav+ a b& ( s(t brass or copp] =c$ into a recess on ! outside1 ( an in* f ! base4 ,! body & half ( ! head are pa9t$ black2 ! half ( ! head ne>e/ ! po9t is pa9t$ v]milion4 ,cani/]4--,! cani/] 7,fig4 #dc7 consi/s ( a holl[ cyl9d] ( malleable iron1 ) "o end clos$ by a ca/ head4 ,! case is fill$ ) f #bbb to #bbf balls1 & a metal cov] is ins]t$4 ,ar\nd ! case are sev]al slits1 _! ends ov]lapp+ to secure ! ?or\gh break+ up ( ! case on dis*>ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,!re are sev]al small holes 9 ! head1 ?r\gh :i* a portion ( ! gas ( ! explod$ p[d]-*>ge ent]s1 drives =w>d ! balls1 & assi/s 9 disrupt+ ! case4 ,total weight ( a r\nd1 #aa lbs4 #aj oz4 ,?is projectile is pa9t$ black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,%rapnel4--,! ,frank=d ,ars5al %rapnel 7,fig4 #dd7 weighs #ac-aj_/af lbs4 ,exclusive ( fill+ x consi/s ( ?ree p>ts1 viz41 head 7d71 body 7a71 & base 7b74 ,! head is made ( ca/ iron1 bor$ & ?read$ to receive ! fuze1 & conta9s a p[d]-*amb] :i* is lacqu]$ to prev5t dang] ( premature ignition by friction4 ,! body is made ( lap-weld$ wr\ght-iron or l[-/eel tub+1 & is weak5$ = fracture by circul> & longitud9al grooves on ! inside4 ,x conta9s #afb h>d5$ lead balls1 in* 9 diamet]1 :i* are assembl$ 9 circul> lay]s & held 9 position by ca/-iron sep>ators1 :i* increase ! effect ( explosion by furni%+ additional fragm5ts4 ,! base is made ( ca/ iron ?read$ to screw into ! cyl9drical case1 & is s =m$ z to provide a support = ! copp] b& to prev5t de=mation ( ! case at ?is po9t f %ock ( dis*>ge1 c is ! rotat+ b&4 ,?is projectile is pa9t$1 body black1 head v]milion4 ,total weight1 ready = fir+ #ac lbs4 #aj oz4 ,total numb] ( balls & individual pieces #bja ,bur/+-*>ge #c ounces ,,%rapnel ,,made ,,by ,,am]ican ,,projectile ,,co4 7,fig4 #de47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,! entire case is ( wr\ght /eel electrically weld$ toge!r s z to =m a complete h>d5$ wr\ght-/eel case )\t jo9t4 ,! p[d]-*amb] is =m$ 9 ! base by a h>d wr\ght-/eel diaphragm 7d7 support$ by a ca/-iron spid]1 & connect$ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! %ell 7axially7 to ! fuze-op5+ by a ca/-iron tube4 ,x is smoo?-f9i%$1 & ei!r t9n$ or lacqu]$4 ,! %ell conta9s #agj bullets 7#cd to ! p\nd7 pack$ 9 circul> lay]s1 & !y are held firmly 9 position by a res9 matrix4 ,! bullets are introduc$ ?r\gh a hole at c4 ,! ext]ior is pa9t$ z foll[s3 body f ! b& =w>d1 to include ?ree fif?s ( head1 black2 rema9+ "p ( head1 & "p ( body 9 re> ( b&1 v]milion4 ,! b& is ( copp]4 ,total weight ( projectile complete #ac p\nds ,total numb] ( balls & individual pieces #bbh ,weight ( bur/+-*>ge #c ounces ,! ,frank=d ,ars5al comb9ation fuze is us$4 ,?is fuze weighs #ag ounces2 b if made ( alum9um x w weigh only #g oz4 ,= field-artill]y guns x is graduat$ f #a to #ae seconds1 ! graduations be+ bas$ ^u ! "t ( burn+ 9 flight4 ,ea* entire second is m>k$ by a ?r\gh-hole 9 ! cone-cov]1 & ea* ( ^! spaces is sub-divid$ into six equal spaces by holes ne>ly ?r\gh ! cov]1 :i* = ! #c4b-;in* gun w correspond to ! foll[+ di/ances1 viz43 #gj y>ds at #ajjj y>ds range2 #ee y>ds at #bjjj y>ds range2 #dh y>ds at #cjjj y>ds range2 #db y>ds at #djjj y>ds range4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! mean ( five %ots 9 ea* gr\p3 ,seconds4 ,range4 #b #hhc y>ds #c #adja #e #aiff #f #bdcc #h #cjcg #i #cdfa #ab #dbbe ,,! ,,frank=d ,,ars5al ,,comb9ation ,,fuze1 #ae ,,seconds1 ,,model #ahid1 ,,= ,,%rapnel ,,( ,,field-,,guns4 ,?is is a "t & p]cussion fuze 7,fig4 #df74 ,x weighs #ag oz4 ,! "t elem5t is conta9$ 9 ! front "p ( ! bronze body 7a7 ( ! fuze1 & ! p]cussion elem5t 9 ! re> "p4 ,! "t-plung] 7b7 has five lugs 7k7 :i* hold ! plung] 9 position above ! firmly fix$ /eel fir+-p9 7c7 aft] ! safety-p9 has be5 )drawn2 ^! lugs are brok5 by ! %ock ( dis*>ge4 ,! safety-p9 7j7 passes ?r\gh a hole 9 ! upp] "p ( ! plung]1 & x & ! lugs are protect$ by ! brass cap :i* is pi]c$ to all[ ! ins]tion ( ! safety-p94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! plung] & its lugs are entirely protect$ f any bl[ t may be receiv$ on ! nose ( ! fuze4 ,! prim+ composition is conta9$ 9 ! base ( ! plung] 7at i71 & is protect$ by a disk ( t9foil4 ,! compress$ p[d]-r+ 7q7 is held 9 a groove 9 ! body ( ! fuze by a brass r+1 & f\r holes 7p7 p]mit ! flame f ! composition 7i7 to ignite x4 ,! cone 7d71 made ( an alloy1 is held 9 place by a brass clamp+-nut 7h7 & two brass p9s 7l74 ,a lip 7m7 on ! base ( ! cone fits into a correspond+ groove 9 ! fuze-body & prev5ts ! premature ignition ( ! p[d] 7o7 9 ! fuze-*amb]4 ,a groove 9 ! cone conta9s ! "t-tra9 7e71 :i* communicates ?r\gh a brass tube 7n7 ) ! p[d] 9 ! fuze-*amb] 7o74 ,! brass cone-cov] 7f7 is pi]c$ ) holes numb]$ f #a to #ae4 ,! holes lie imm$iately ov] ! "t-tra9 & correspond to seconds ( graduation4 ,! spaces betwe5 consecutive holes are sub-divid$ into six p>ts1 & c\nt]sunk at ! po9ts ( division s t ! fuze may be cut to six?s ( a second ( burn+4 ,a brass p9 projects f ! body ( ! fuze & fits into a slot 9 ! cone-cov]2 x fixes ! latt] 9 position &1 toge!r ) ! brass cup on top1 also s]ves to hold ! cov] 9 place4 ,! flame f ! p[d] 9 ! fuze-*amb] communicates ) ! bur/+-*>ge ( ! %ell ?r\gh ! groov$ surfaces ( ! prim]1 plung]-sleeve1 & bottom clos+-screw4 ,! op5+ into ! fuze-*amb] ?r\gh :i* ! *>ge is put is clos$ by ! screw4 ,a conical hole 9 ! fuze-body imm$iately opposite ?is screw p]mits ! ins]tion ( a /eel p9 = ! purpose ( screw+ ! fuze into ! %ell4 ,! p]cussion elem5t consi/s ( a brass prim] 7t7 hav+ ?ree v5ts ?r\gh :i* ! flame may pass f ! composition to ! p[d] 9 ! fuze-*amb]4 ,on ! side t[>ds ! fir+-p9 ! composition is cov]$ fir/ ) a t9foil cup & !n ) a copp] re/ra9+-disk1 :i* is sep>at$ f x 4#jd ( an in* bo? = safety & to prev5t ! fir+-p9 press+ aga9/ ! composition dur+ flight4 ,on its opposite side ! prim] is cov]$ ) a t9foil r+ & a pap] disk4 ,! bottom ( ! fuze is cov]$ fir/ by a pap] & !n by a t9foil disk4 ,! prim]1 plung]-sleeve1 & bottom clos+-screw h _! sides groov$ longitud9ally 7r1 r1 r7 to all[ ! flame f ! p[d] 9 ! fuze-*amb] to pass to ! bur/+-*>ge ( ! projectile4 ,) ! exception ( ?is diff]5ce 9 ! plung]-sleeve ! plung] is ! same z ! "o 9 ! ,frank=d ,ars5al base p]cussion-fuze ,c1 model #ahid4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,"t-,,fuze4 ,pi]ce ! "t-tra9 cone at "r angles to ! axis & ?r\gh ! division 9 ! cov] correspond+ to ! desir$ numb] ( seconds4 ,!n remove ! safety-p9 be=e ins]t+ ! projectile 9 ! bore ( ! piece4 ,a fuze-cutt] is issu$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t = use ) ! fuze4 ,,! ,,frank=d ,,ars5al ,,base ,,p]cussion-,,fuze ,c1 ,,model #ahid1 ,,= ,,field-,,gun ,,%ell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,?is fuze weighs #d4hh ounces & consi/s ( a brass body 7a7 :i* conta9s ! complete plung]4 ,! head ( ! body is clos$ by a brass cap-screw 7b7 :i* conta9s a brass prim] 7d7 t is fill$ ) ! composition 7m72 & ! cap-screw is clos$ by a brass clos+-screw 7c74 c & d h holes ?r\gh !m1 z indicat$1 = ! passage ( ! flame f ! prim] to ! bur/+-*>ge ( ! projectile4 ,! head is cov]$ by disks ( pap] & t9foil4 ,! face ( ! composition 7m7 ne>e/ ! plung] is cov]$ by a disk ( t9foil 7e7 & a copp] re/ra9+-disk 7f74 ,! ,plung] consi/s ( a /eel fir+-p9 7i71 firmly fix$ 9 a brass ignit] plung]-sp9dle 7h71 & ?is sp9dle fits 9 a brass ignit] plung]-sleeve 7g7 :i* has a groove 7t7 on its l[] int]ior surface4 ,a split brass safety-r+ 7i71 :i* holds ! ignit] plung]-sleeve 9 ! safety position1 is slipp$ ov] ! l[] end ( ! sp9dle1 & !n ! sp9dle-sleeve1 conta9+ two grooves 7s & t71 is slipp$ on & firmly secur$ by spread+ ! l[] end ( ! sp9dle4 ,! incl9ation ( ! groove 7s7 det]m9es ! resi/ance ( ! safety-r+1 :i*1 9 ?is fuze1 has ! m9imum & maximum limits ( #adb & #afj lbs4 respectively4 7,x 0 =m]ly #ae lbs47 ,:5 ! piece is dis*>g$ ! plung]-sleeve ov]comes ! resi/ance ( ! safety-r+ & c>ries x to ! re>2 ! diamet] ( ! r+ is slightly increas$ dur+ its passage along ! sp9dle1 & :5 9 ! prop] position = s do+ x fits p>tly 9 bo? grooves 7t & t71 b9d+ sleeve & sp9dle firmly toge!r4 ,! po9t ( ! fir+-p9 n[ projects beyond ! plung]-sleeve & ! fuze is arm$4 ,:5 ! projectile /rikes1 ! complete plung] is ?r[n =w>d1 ! po9t ( ! fir+-p9 pi]ces ! re/ra9+-disk & ignites ! composition4 ,fig4 #dg %[s ! position ( ! p>ts be=e ! piece is dis*>g$1 & ,fig4 #dh dur+ ! flight ( ! projectile4 ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4b ,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle4 ,%rapnel1 #ac4e p\nds4 ,muzzle velocity1 #afhe ft4-sec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,range4 ,sight ,elevation4 ,v>iations4 ,"t ( -------------------------------------,fl ight4 ,angle4 ,diff]s ,range1 ,deflection1 f #a m9ute #a division ,%ell4elevation4hor4 scale4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- y>ds4deg4m94 m94 y>ds4 feet4 seconds4 #ejj #j #ac #a #ad #d4d 4#ig #fjj #j #bj #a #ac #e4b #a4ah #gjj #j #bg #a #ab #f4a #a4dj #hjj #j #ce #a #ab #g4j #a4fc #ijj #j #dc #a #ab #g4h #a4hg ---------------------------------------- ----------- #ajjj #j #eb #a #aa #h4g #b4aa #aajj #a #b #b #aa #i4f #b4cf #abjj #a #ab #c #aa #aj4d #b4fb #acjj #a #bb #c #aj #aa4c #b4hi #adjj #a #cc #e #aj #ab4b #c4af ---------------------------------------- ----------- #aejj #a #dd #f #i #ac4j #c4dd #afjj #a #ee #f #i #ac4i #c4gc #agjj #b #g #g #i #ad4h #d4jb #ahjj #b #ai #h #h #ae4g #d4cb #aijj #b #cb #i #h #af4e #d4fb ---------------------------------------- ----------- #bjjj #b #de #aj #g #ag4d #d4ic #bajj #b #ei #aa #g #ah4c #e4be #bbjj #c #ac #aa #g #ai4a #e4eg #bcjj #c #bh #ab #g #bj4j #e4ij #bdjj #c #dc #ac #g #bj4i #f4bc ---------------------------------------- ----------- #bejj #c #eh #ad #f #ba4g #f4ef #bfjj #d #ad #af #f #bb4f #f4ij #bgjj #d #bi #ag #f #bc4e #g4bd #bhjj #d #dd #ag #f #bd4d #g4eh #bijj #e #a #ai #f #be4b #g4ib ---------------------------------------- ----------- #cjjj #e #ah #bj #f #bf4a #h4bf #cajj #e #ce #ba #f #bg4j #h4fa #cbjj #e #eb #bb #f #bg4h #h4if #ccjj #f #i #bc #e #bh4g #i4cb #cdjj #f #bh #be #e #bi4f #i4fh ---------------------------------------- ----------- #cejj #f #dg #bf #e #cj4e #aj4jd #cfjj #g #f #bg #e #ca4c #aj4da #cgjj #g #be #bh #e #cb4b #aj4gh #chjj #g #de #cj #e #cc4a #aa4af #cijj #h #e #cb #e #cc4i #aa4ed ---------------------------------------- ----------- #djjj #h #be #cc #e #cd4h #aa4ib #dajj #h #dd #cc #e #ce4g #ab4cj #dbjj #i #c #cc #e #cf4e #ab4fh #dcjj #i #bd #cd #e #cg4d #ac4jf #ddjj #i #dd #cd #e #ch4c #ac4de #dejj #aj #e #cd #e #ci4b #ac4hd ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,"p #b ( ,table ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,range4 ,fuze ,scale4 ,*ange ,fall4 ,t]m9al -----------------------9 ,height---------------------,velocity4 ,divisions at ,v>iation( ,bur/1 :i* to cut 9 range4#a m9ute ,incl9ation1 "t-fuze4,a #a subdiv4elevation ,angle4 #a y>d 9-- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- y>ds4units4six?s4 y>ds4 feet4 deg4m94 y>ds4 f4 s4 #ejj #j #d #hj 4#d #j #cg #ic #adbf #fjj #a #j #gh #j #df #ge #achj #gjj #a #a #ge #j #ef #fa #acce #hjj #a #c #gc #a #f #eb #abib #ijj #a #d #ga #a #ai #dd #abea ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #ajjj #b #j #fg 4#i #a #cb #cg #abab #aajj #b #a #fg #a #de #cc #aagf #abjj #b #c #fg #b #a #bh4e #aadb #acjj #b #e #fb #b #ag #be #aaaj #adjj #c #j #fb #b #cd #bb4e #ajhb ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #aejj #c #b #eh #a4c #b #eb #bj #ajef #afjj #c #d #eh #c #aa #ah #ajcd #agjj #c #e #eh #c #cj #af4e #ajad #ahjj #d #a #ee #c #ej #ae #iie #aijj #d #c #ee #d #ab #ac4e #igh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #bjjj #d #e #eb #a4g #d #cd #ab4e #ifb #bajj #e #a #eb #d #eg #aa4e #idf #bbjj #e #b #eb #e #ba #aj4e #ibj #bcjj #e #d #ej #e #de #aj #iae #bdjj #f #j #ej #f #aa #i #ija ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #bejj #f #b #di #b4b #f #ch #h4e #hhg #bfjj #f #d #di #g #e #h #hgd #bgjj #g #j #di #g #cd #g4e #hfb #bhjj #g #b #di #h #d #g #hej #bijj #g #d #di #h #ce #f4e #hci ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #cjjj #h #a #dh #b4f #i #g #f #hbi #cajj #h #c #dh #i #ci #f #hai #cbjj #h #e #dh #aj #ab #e4e #haj #ccjj #i #a #dg #aj #df #e4e #hja #cdjj #i #c #dg #aa #ba #e #gib ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #cejj #i #e #de #c4j #aa #ef #d4e #ghc #cfjj #aj #a #de #ab #cb #d4e #gge #cgjj #aj #d #de #ac #i #d4e #gfg #chjj #aa #j #dd #ac #dh #d #gei #cijj #aa #b #dd #ad #bh #d #gea ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #djjj #aa #e #dd #c4e #ae #h #c4e #gdd #dajj #ab #a #dd #ae #di #c4e #gcg #dbjj #ab #c #dd #af #ca #c4e #gcj #dcjj #ab #e #dc #ag #ad #c #gbc #ddjj #ac #b #dc #ag #eh #c #gag #dejj #ah #d #dc #c4i #ah #dc #c #gaa ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4b-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle4 ,%ell1 #ac4e p\nds4 ,jump3 #bj at #a4 #cj at #aj4 ,muzzle velocity1 #afhe ft4-sec4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,v>iations4 ,range4,site ,elevation ---------------------- ,"t ( ,range1 ,deflection1 ,flight4 #a m9ute #a division elevation4hor4 scale4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- y>ds4degrees4m9utes4 y>ds4 feet4 seconds4 #ejj #j #ab #ad #d4d #j4if #fjj #j #ai #ac #e4b #a4ag #gjj #j #bf #ab #f4a #a4ci #hjj #j #cd #ab #g4j #a4fa #ijj #j #db #ab #g4h #a4hd ---------------------------------------- -------------- #ajjj #j #ea #aa #h4g #b4jg #aajj #a -- #aa #i4f #b4cb #abjj #a #i #aa #aj4d #b4eg #acjj #a #ah #aj #aa4c #b4hb #adjj #a #bh #aj #ab4b #c4ji ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aejj #a #ch #aj #ac4j #c4cf #afjj #a #di #aj #ac4i #c4fd #agjj #b -- #i #ad4h #c4ib #ahjj #b #aa #i #ae4g #d4ba #aijj #b #bc #i #af4e #d4ej ---------------------------------------- -------------- #bjjj #b #ce #h #ag4d #d4hj #bajj #b #dh #h #ah4c #e4aj #bbjj #c #b #h #ai4a #e4da #bcjj #c #af #g #bj4j #e4gb #bdjj #c #cj #g #bj4i #f4jd ---------------------------------------- -------------- #bejj #c #dd #g #ba4g #f4cf #bfjj #c #eh #g #bb4f #f4fi #bgjj #d #ab #g #bc4e #g4jb #bhjj #d #bg #g #bd4d #g4ce #bijj #d #db #g #be4b #g4fh ---------------------------------------- -------------- #cjjj #d #eh #f #bf4a #h4ja #cajj #e #ad #f #bg4j #h4ce #cbjj #e #cj #f #bg4h #h4fi #ccjj #e #df #f #bh4g #i4jc #cdjj #f #c #f #bi4f #i4cg ---------------------------------------- -------------- #cejj #f #ba #f #cj4e #i4ga #cfjj #f #ci #f #ca4c #aj4jf #cgjj #f #eg #f #cb4b #aj4da #chjj #g #ae #e #cc4a #aj4gg #cijj #g #cc #e #cc4i #aa4ac ---------------------------------------- -------------- #djjj #g #eb #e #cd4h #aa4ej #dajj #h #aa #e #ce4g #aa4hg #dbjj #h #cj #e #cf4e #ab4be #dcjj #h #ej #e #cg4d #ab4fc #ddjj #i #aj #e #ch4c #ac4jb #dejj #i #ca #e #ci4b #ac4db ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 --------------------------------------- ,fall4 --------------------------------- ,range4 ,angle4 ,incl9ation,t]m9al #a y>d 9--,velocity4 --------------------------------------- y>ds4 deg4 m94 y>ds4 f4 s4 #ejj #j #cf #ie #adej #fjj #j #de #gf #adjh #gjj #j #ed #fd #acff #hjj #a #e #ec #acbf #ijj #a #af #de #abhg -------------------------------------- #ajjj #a #bh #ci #abej #aajj #a #da #cd #abae #abjj #a #ee #cj #aahb #acjj #b #i #bg #aaea #adjj #b #be #bd #aaba -------------------------------------- #aejj #b #da #ba #ajid #afjj #b #ei #ai #ajgj #agjj #c #ag #ag #ajdh #ahjj #c #cf #af #ajbi #aijj #c #ef #ae #ajaa -------------------------------------- #bjjj #d #ag #ac #iid #bajj #d #ch #ab #igi #bbjj #e -- #aa #ifd #bcjj #e #bc #aa #idi #bdjj #e #dg #aj #ice -------------------------------------- #bejj #f #aa #i #ibc #bfjj #f #cg #i #iab #bgjj #g #c #h #ija #bhjj #g #cj #h #hia #bijj #g #eh #g #hha -------------------------------------- #cjjj #h #bg #g #hga #cajj #h #ef #f #hfa #cbjj #i #bf #f #hea #ccjj #i #eg #f #hda #cdjj #aj #bi #e #hcb -------------------------------------- #cejj #aa #a #e #hbc #cfjj #aa #cd #e #had #cgjj #ab #h #e #hjf #chjj #ab #dc #d #gih #cijj #ac #ah #d #gij -------------------------------------- #djjj #ac #ed #d #ghb #dajj #ad #ca #d #ggd #dbjj #ae #i #d #gff #dcjj #ae #dg #d #geh #ddjj #af #bf #c #gej #dejj #ag #e #c #gdc -------------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #c4f-;in* ,rifle1 etc4 #c4f-;in* ,mort>1 etc4 ,weights & ,dim5sions ( ,=eign ,artill]y4 #c4f4-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle1 ,,model #ahia 7,,revis$74 ,mat]ial /eel ,total l5g? #g4gi feet ,calibre #c4f in*es ,weight #aaha p\nds ,grooves #bf ,twi/ ( rifl+ #a turn 9 #ej to #a turn 9 #be calib]s ,axis ( trunnions above gr\nd #c4ef feet ,p[d]-*amb] cyl9drical ,v5t axial ,prepond]ance #ca p\nds ,muzzle velocity #aeej ft4-sec4 ,maximum range = %rapnel #gdbj y>ds ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,?is gun is simil> 9 con/ruction to ! #c4b-;in* 7revis$ ,novemb] #aa1 #ahib74 ,,nom5clature4--ab1 lock+-%\ld] & recess2 c1 conical gas-*eck seat2 d1 cyl9drical p[d]-*amb]2 e1 connect+ slope = seat ( rot>y b&2 f1 slope f no l&s to maximum l&s4 ,,sights4 ,simil> to ^? ( #c4b-;in* gun4 ,,ammunition ,,& ,,fuzes4 ,! ammunition diff]s only 9 weight & dim5sions f t describ$ = ! #c4b-;in* gun4 ,fuzes are ! same4 ,p[d]-*>ge #d4ahge p\nds ,u4 ,f4 sph]o-hex4 ,weight ( %ell1 fill$ #bj p\nds ,bur/+-*>ge1 %ell #ad ounces ,weight ( %rapnel1 complete #bj p\nds ,bur/+-*>ge1 %rapnel #d ounces ,total numb] ( balls #bah ,total numb] ( individual pieces #bhj ,,c>riages1 ,,limb]s1 ,,caissons1 ,,comb9$ ,,batt]y-,,wagon ,,& ,,=ge1 ,,artill]y-,,wagon4 ,! c>riage = ?is gun weighs #acjj p\nds4 ,! fir/ #be c>riages 7 made ) ! d\ble-screw elevat+ device1 & ! second #be ) ! fir/ =m ( lazy-tongs1 & 7 int5d$ = ! #c4b-;in* gun4 ,!y h be5 *ang$ = #c4f-;in* guns by cutt+ out ! upp]-front transom "u ! trunnion b$s leav+ only en\gh metal on ea* side to hold ! eyebolts ( ! =k$ radial b> = ! elevat+ device1 & cap squ>es ) eyebolts h be5 sub/itut$ = ! old cap squ>es ) *9 & eyebolts4 ,! d\ble-screw elevat+ device on ! #be c>riages n[ hav+ !m are reta9$2 b all o!rs w h a =m ( lazy-tongs1 op]at$ by bevel ge>s & a crank h&le at ! side1 l t ( ! d\ble screw2 o!rwise ! c>riage is simil> to t ( ! #c4b-;in* gun already describ$4 ,! limb]-*e/s w probably be fitt$ = #cf r\nds ( ammunition2 :i* is ! only diff]5ce betwe5 limb]s1 caissons1 etc41 us$ ) #c4b-;in* & #c4f-;in* guns4 ,,h>ness1 ,,etc4 ,see page #aej et seq4 #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,rifle4 ,%rapnel1 #bj lbs4 ,muzzle velocity1 #aeej ft4-sec4 c#a4jc4 ,log ,c4#ageei4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,elevation4 ------------------------------- ,range4 ,angle4 ,diff]s ,range1 ,deflection1 ,"t f #a ,m9ute #a ,division ( ,%ell4 ,elevation4,horizontal ,flight4 ,scale4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,y>ds4,degrees4,m9utes4,m9utes4 ,y>ds4 ,feet4 ,seconds4 #ejj #ah #j #ab #d4d #a4jd #fjj #bf #j #ab #e4b #a4bg #gjj #cd #a #aa #f4a #a4ej #hjj #dd #a #aj #g4j #a4gd #ijj #ed #b #aj #g4h #a4ih ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #ajjj #a #jd #c #aj #h4g #b4bd #aajj #a #ad #c #i #i4f #b4ej #abjj #a #bd #b #i #aj4d #b4gf #acjj #a #cd #b #h #aa4c #c4jc #adjj #a #df #c #h #ab4b #c4ca ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #aejj #a #eh #d #h #ac4j #c4fj #afjj #b #aj #d #h #ac4i #c4hh #agjj #b #bb #d #h #ad4h #d4ag #ahjj #b #cf #g #g #ae4g #d4de #aijj #b #di #g #g #af4e #d4gf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bjjj #c #jc #h #g #ag4d #e4jf #bajj #c #af #i #g #ah4c #e4ch #bbjj #c #ca #aj #g #ai4a #e4fi #bcjj #c #df #aj #g #bj4j #f4jj #bdjj #d #ja #aj #g #bj4i #f4ca ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bejj #d #af #aa #f #ba4g #f4fc #bfjj #d #cb #ab #f #bb4f #f4if #bgjj #d #di #ac #f #bc4e #g4bh #bhjj #e #jf #ad #f #bd4d #g4fa #bijj #e #bd #af #f #be4b #g4ie ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #cjjj #e #da #af #f #bf4a #h4bh #cajj #e #ei #ag #f #bg4j #h4fb #cbjj #f #ah #ai #e #bg4h #h4ig #ccjj #f #cg #bj #e #bh4g #i4ca #cdjj #f #ef #ba #e #bi4f #i4fd ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #cejj #g #af #bb #e #cj4e #i4ih #cfjj #g #cg #bd #e #ca4c #aj4ca #cgjj #g #eh #bf #e #cb4b #aj4fi #chjj #h #ai #bg #e #cc4a #aa4jd #cijj #h #da #bh #d #cc4i #aa4ce ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #djjj #i #jb #bi #d #cd4h #aa4gj #dajj #i #bd #cj #d #ce4g #ab4jh #dbjj #i #df #cb #d #cf4e #ab #db #dcjj #aj #aj #cd #d #cg4d #ab4ha #ddjj #aj #cc #cg #d #ch4c #ac4af #dejj #aj #eh #da #d #ci4b #ac4eg ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ,fuze-scale4 ,*ange ,fall4 ------------------------------9 ,height -----------------------------,t]m9al ,range4 ,v>iations( ,bur/1 ,angle4 ,incl9ation1,velocity4 9 ,range1 #a ,m9ute #a ,y>d 9- ,divisions4 #a ,sub-div4,elevation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,y>ds4,units4,six?s4 ,y>ds4 ,feet4 ,degrees4,m9utes4 ,y>ds4 ,ft4-sec4 #ejj #a #e #ge 4#d #db #hb #acde #fjj #a #a #gc #eb #ff #acjg #gjj #a #b #ga #a #jc #ee #abgj #hjj #a #d #fh #a #ae #df #abcf #ijj #a #e #fg #a #bh #ci #abjd ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #ajjj #b #j #fe 4#i #a #da #cd #aagc #aajj #b #b #fd #a #ef #cj #aadd #abjj #b #d #fb #b #aa #bf #aaag #acjj #b #e #fj #b #bg #bc #ajib #adjj #c #a #ei #b #dd #ba #ajfi ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #aejj #c #c #eh #a4c #c #jb #ai #ajdh #afjj #c #d #eg #c #bj #ag #ajcj #agjj #d #j #ef #c #dj #af #ajac #ahjj #d #b #ee #d #jj #ad #iih #aijj #d #c #ee #d #bj #ac #ihc ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #bjjj #d #e #ed #a4g #d #da #ab #ifi #bajj #e #a #ec #e #jc #aa #iee #bbjj #e #c #eb #e #be #aj4e #idb #bcjj #e #e #eb #e #dh #aj #ibi #bdjj #f #j #ea #f #ab #i #iag ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #bejj #f #b #ej #b4c #f #cg #h4e #ije #bfjj #f #d #ej #g #jc #h #hic #bgjj #g #j #di #g #bi #g4e #hhb #bhjj #g #b #dh #g #ef #g #hga #bijj #g #d #dh #h #bd #g #hfj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #cjjj #h #j #dh #b4f #h #eb #f4e #hej #cajj #h #b #dg #i #bb #f #hdj #cbjj #h #d #dg #i #ea #f #hcj #ccjj #i #a #df #aj #bc #e4e #hba #cdjj #i #c #de #aj #ee #e #hab ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #cejj #i #e #dd #c4j #aa #bh #e #hjc #cfjj #aj #a #dd #ab #jb #d4e #gid #cgjj #aj #c #dd #ab #cg #d4e #ghf #chjj #aj #e #dc #ac #ac #d #ggh #cijj #aa #a #dc #ac #di #d #ggj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ #djjj #aa #c #db #c4f #ad #bg #d #gfb #dajj #aa #e #db #ae #je #c4e #gee #dbjj #ab #a #da #ae #de #c4e #gdh #dcjj #ab #c #da #af #bd #c4e #gda #ddjj #ac #j #da #ag #jg #c #gcd #dejj #ac #b #dj #d4j #ag #eb #c #gbg ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,r4 ,%ell1 #bj lbs4 ,muzzle velocity1 #aeej ft4 sec4 c 4#ic4 ,bur/+-*>ge1 #ad oz4 ,log ,c 4#baiif4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,v>iations4 ,fall4 ----------------------- ----------------- ,range4,elevation4,range1 ,deflection1 ,"t ,angle4,incl9ation,t]m9al #a ,m9ute #a ,division ( #a ,y>d 9--,velocity4 ,elevation4on ,horizontal,flight4 ,scale ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,y>ds4 ,y>ds4 ,feet4 ,sec4 ,y>ds4 ,ft4-sec4 #ejj #ah #ab #d4d #a4jh #da #hd #acfd #fjj #bf #aa #e4b #a4be #ea #fg #acbi #gjj #ce #aa #f4a #a4dh #a #jb #ee #abif #hjj #dc #aa #g4j #a4gb #a #ac #dg #abfc #ijj #eb #aj #g4h #a4if #a #be #dj #abcc ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #ajjj #a #ja #i #h4g #b4bj #a #ch #ce #abjc #aajj #a #aa #i #i4f #b4de #a #eb #ca #aage #abjj #a #bb #i #aj4d #b4gj #b #jf #bg #aadi #acjj #a #cb #i #aa4c #b4if #b #ba #bd #aabc #adjj #a #dc #h #ab4b #c4bd #b #cg #bb #ajih ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #aejj #a #ed #h #ac4j #c4eb #b #ec #bj #ajgi #afjj #b #jf #h #ac4i #c4hj #c #aa #ah #ajfj #agjj #b #ah #h #ad4h #d4jh #c #bi #af #ajdb #ahjj #b #bi #h #ae4g #d4cg #c #dh #ae #ajbf #aijj #b #db #h #af4e #d4ff #d #jg #ad #ajaa ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #bjjj #b #ee #g #ag4d #d4if #d #bg #ac #iig #bajj #c #jg #g #ah4c #e4bf #d #dh #ab #ihd #bbjj #c #ba #g #ai4a #e4ef #e #ji #aa #iga #bcjj #c #cf #g #bj4j #e4hg #e #cj #aj #iei #bdjj #c #ea #g #bj4i #f4ah #e #eb #i4e #idg ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #bejj #d #je #f #ba4g #f4di #f #ae #i #ice #bfjj #d #bj #f #bb4f #f4hj #f #ch #h4e #ibd #bgjj #d #cf #f #bc4e #g4aa #g #jb #h #iac #bhjj #d #eb #f #bd4d #g4dc #g #bg #g4e #ijc #bijj #e #jh #f #be4b #g4ge #g #ec #g #hib ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #cjjj #e #be #f #bf4a #h4jh #h #bj #g #hhb #cajj #e #db #f #bg4j #h4dj #h #dg #f4e #hgb #cbjj #e #ei #f #bg4h #h4gb #i #ae #f #hfc #ccjj #f #ag #f #bh4g #i4je #i #dd #f #hed #cdjj #f #ce #e #bi4f #i4ch #aj #ac #e4e #hde ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #cejj #f #ed #e #cj4e #i4gb #aj #dc #e #hcf #cfjj #g #ac #e #ca4c #aj4jf #aa #ad #e #hbg #cgjj #g #cb #e #cb4b #aj4dj #aa #de #e #hai #chjj #g #eb #e #cc4a #aj4gd #ab #af #d4e #haa #cijj #h #ac #e #cc4i #aa4jh #ab #dg #d4e #hjc ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #djjj #h #cc #e #cd4h #aa4db #ac #be #d #gif #dajj #h #ed #e #ce4g #aa4gg #ad #ja #d #ghh #dbjj #i #ad #e #cf4e #ab4aa #ad #cg #d #gha #dcjj #i #cf #e #cg4d #ab4dd #ae #ac #c4e #ggd #ddjj #i #ef #e #ch4c #ab4gf #ae #ej #c4e #gfh #dejj #aj #ag #e #ci4b #ac4jh #af #bg #c #gfb ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #c4f-;,,in* ,b ,l ,,field-,,mort>1 ,,model #ahij4 7,,revis$ ,,nov4 #aa1 #ahib47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,metal /eel ,total l5g? #b4je feet ,calibre #c4f in*es ,weight #bde p\nds ,grooves #bj ,twi/ ( rifl+ #a 9 #dj to #a 9 #be cal4 ,p[d]-*amb] cyl9drical ,v5t axial ,muzzle velocity #fej ft4-sec4 ,maximum range #cdej y>ds ,x consi/s ( a s+le piece ( /eel1 ! trunnions be+ =g$ solid ) ! piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,! bree* me*anism1 ,fig4 #ea1 is g5]ally simil> to t ( ! field-guns1 except t ! ,freyre obturator is us$1 & 9 ! lock+ arrangem5t ! lev]-h&le is replac$ by a bolt 7a7 :i* is turn$ by h&4 ,?is bolt op]ates ! lock+-/ud on ! left side ( ! block1 & its h&le be>s also a v5t-%ield 7f17 :i* keeps ! v5t clos$ until ! bree* is lock$4 ,,! ,,c>riage ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,mort>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,?is c>riage1 ,fig4 #eb1 is ( ca/ /eel & 9 "o piece1 & consi/s ( a frame complete ) transoms & soles4 ,x is #ci in*es long & weighs #bge p\nds4 ,! axis ( ! trunnions is #ad in*es above gr\nd1 & ! piece c be fir$ at any angle betwe5 #j & #fj degrees4 ,at ! c5tre ( ! front transom is bolt$ ! elevat+-clamp1 :i* embraces an arc bolt$ to ! "u side ( ! mort>4 ,! lev] on ! left side ( ! c>riage turns a %aft1 :i* causes ! clamp to take hold ( ! arc :5 ! elevation has be5 giv54 ,a p9tle-=k is atta*$ at ! front end ( ! c>riage1 & a r+ on ! side ( ei!r *eek to :i* ! ends ( ! re/ra9+ rope are fa/5$4 ,,nom5clature ,,( #c4f-;,,in* ,,mort>-,,c>riage4--,c>riage-frame2 elevat+-arc2 elevat+-arc bolt2 elevat+-arc guide-p92 d\ble hook2 d\ble-hook p92 d\ble-hook bracket2 d\ble-hook bracket-p92 cap-squ>e2 cap-squ>e keys2 cap-squ>e *a9 eye-p92 p9tle-=k2 p9tle-=k bolt2 elevat+-arc jaws2 %aft = jaws2 lev] = %aft2 bu%+ = %aft2 nut = %aft2 screw = bu%+2 sep>ator2 sep>ator-bolt & nut2 screws = po9t+4 ,,plat=m ,,= #c4f ,,mort>4 ,yell[ p9e or oak4 ,weight complete1 #bjj lbs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,?is equipm5t consi/s ( "o wood5 plat=m1 "o ca/-iron p9tle-block1 eight /akes1 "o an*or-/ake1 two h&spikes1 & "o po9t+-scale4 ,! plat=m consi/s ( two side-rails1 #c-;in*1 into :i* are fram$ & bolt$ elev5 deck-planks1 ! latt] secur$ to ea* o!r by d[els4 ,a #d #c-;in* piece is bolt$ to ! re> deck-plank by ?ree bolts4 ,wr\ght-iron /raps1 bolt$ into cross-pieces1 embrace ! side-rails4 ,! p9tle-block is fa/5$ to ! front ( ! plat=m by f\r wr\ght-iron bolts4 ,! p9tle-=k on ! c>riage embraces ! p9tle1 =m+ ! c5tre ( motion ( ! trav]s+ c>riage4 ,! plat=m is held 9 position by /akes1 two on ei!r side2 ^? 9 front pass+ ?r\gh squ>e wr\ght-iron r+s atta*$ to eye-pieces bolt$ to ! front end ( ! plat=m4 ,a brass socket1 9 :i* works ! brass pivot at ! end ( ! po9t+-scale1 is plac$ at a suitable po9t 9 ! axis ( ! plat=m4 ,! an*or-/ake1 #d ft4 long1 is driv5 9 front ( ! plat=m4 ,ar\nd ! an*or-/ake1 & held 9 position by ! two p9s pass+ ?r\gh ! /ake1 is w\nd ! middle portion ( ! re/ra9+ rope1 ! ends ( :i* fa/5 to ! r+s 9 ! *eeks ( ! c>riage4 ,! rope is giv5 five feet slack = recoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,! ,po9t+-scale4--,?is is made ( h>d wood1 graduat$ on "o side1 ! unit ( ! scale be+ "o ?\s&? ( ! range1 & ea* division "o five hundr$? ( ! range4 ,a brass index-slide moves ) friction along ! scale & is clamp$ by a screw :5 regulat$4 ,= ref]5ce-m>ks a brass screw is plac$ at ! end ( ea* *eek ( ! c>riage1 & ! scale is s arrang$ t x c be appli$ to ei!r *eek4 ,! c>riage admits ( a motion ar\nd its p9tle ( ab\t #ae on ei!r side ( ! axis ( ! plat=m4 ,,! ,,gunn]',s ,,quadrant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,us$ 9 giv+ elevation4 ,! arc is #de1 b by apply+ diff]5t sides an elevation ( #ij c be giv54 ,! lea/ read+ is "o m9ute1 :i* is giv5 by ! sett+ ( a slid+ level on a slightly curv$ arm4 ,! sett+ to any giv5 degree is made by mov+ ! arm by h&1 :i* is done by press+ back ! head ( ! arm to release x f engagem5t ) ! not*es on ! int]ior ( ! arc1 !n mov+ ! arm to ! requir$ position & all[+ ! spr+ to react4 ,,ammunition4 ,! full *>ge ( p[d] is #af ounces1 sph]o-hex4 7,u4 ,f474 ,! projectiles are ^? us$ ) ! #c4f gun & h already be5 describ$4 ,! *>ges1 requir$ to cov] all ranges f #djj to #ccej y>ds ) angles ( elevation betwe5 #ae & #de degrees1 are f\r 9 numb]4 ,^! *>ges are made up ( ?ree c>tridges conta9+ #d1 #f1 #aj1 & #af ounces respectively4 ,! ,fuze = ,%rapnel is ! ,frank=d ,ars5al po9t-comb9ation fuze1 model #ahid1 burn+ #bh seconds & weigh+ #ai4ge ounces4 ,! "t-tra9 ( ?is fuze is arrang$ to be cut at int]vals ( #a_/e second4 ,! ,fuze = ,%ell is fuze ,m1 model #ahid4 ,x is id5tical 9 con/ruction ) fuze ,c 7see page #ajb71 except t a portion ( ! plung]-sp9dle is r$uc$ 9 diamet] to less5 ! friction ( ! spr+-r+ 9 arm+ on acc\nt ( r$uc$ *>ges4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! ,c fuze by two grooves across ! flat ( ! base4 ,?is fuze is designat$ = sep>ate transportation1 to be assembl$ ) ! projectile at or ne> ! fir+-gr\nd1 & is n to be transport$ fix$ 9 ! projectile4 ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,mort>4 ,common ,%ell 7,ca/ ,iron74 ,,%ell1 fill$ & fuz$1 #bj lbs4 ,bur/+-*>ge1 #ad4e oz4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,fall4 ------------------------------ ,*>ge & ,range4,elevation4 ,"t ,angle4 ,incl9ation1,t]m9al ,initial ( #a ,ft4 9-- ,velocity4 ,velocity4 ,flight4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,y>ds4,deg4 ,m94 ,sec4 ,deg4,m94 ,feet4 ,ft4-sec4 #djj #ae #bg #d4gf #af #jj #c4e #bff4e #d ounces2 #ejj #bj #jd #e4ib #ba #jf #b4f #bfd4c #bgg4e ft4-sec4 #fjj #be #dd #g4de #bg #jf #b4j #bfb4c #gjj #cc #be #i4dc #cd #ei #a4d #bei4e #gej #de #jj #ab4jj #df #dj #j4i #bff4e ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,angles #de4 #gjj #ee #jh #ac4ia #ef #eb #j4f #bga4b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #fjj #ad #jd #e4cf #ad #dg #c4g #ccf4j #gjj #af #dh #f4ch #ag #dh #c4a #ccb4i #f ounces2 #hjj #ai #dh #g4de #bj #ef #b4f #cbi4g #ceg4e ft4-sec4 #ijj #bc #aj #h4fc #bd #cg #b4b #cbg4j #ajjj #bg #af #aj4jj #bi #je #a4h #cbe4j #aajj #cb #bg #aa4fg #cd #db #a4d #cbb4i #abjj #de #jj #ae4cb #dg #dh #j4i #cbd4i ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,angles #de #aajj #ef #ac #ag4ig #eh #ee #j4f #cbi4h #ajjj #fa #bj #ah4if #fc #ej #j4e #cca4e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #aajj #ad #aj #g4cb #ae #ag #c4g #dci4d #abjj #ae #de #h4aj #ag #jf #c4c #dce4j #acjj #ag #bd #h4ia #ai #jb #b4i #dcj4g #adjj #ai #jg #i4gd #ba #jb #b4f #dbg4b #aj ounces2 #aejj #bj #ei #aj4fc #bc #ad #b4c #dbd4a #dib4j ft4-sec4 #afjj #bc #jj #aa4eg #be #cb #b4b #dbj4h #agjj #be #ac #ab4ei #bh #jg #a4i #dah4j #ahjj #bg #dd #ac4gb #ca #ja #a4g #dae4e #aijj #cj #df #ae4jc #cd #ca #a4e #dac4c #bjjj #cd #da #af4fg #ch #eh #a4b #dab4e #bajj #de #jj #bj4fc #di #eb #j4h #dag4f ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #bjjj #eb #eb #bc4af #eg #da #j4f #dbc4h ,angles #de #aijj #ef #de #bd4bi #fa #bb #j4e #dbg4g #ahjj #ei #ej #be4aa #fd #aj #j4e #dca4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #bjjj #ae #bi #aj4ec #ag #dd #c4a #ecg4i #bajj #af #cj #aa4ah #ai #jb #b4i #ecb4i #bbjj #ag #cc #aa4he #bj #ba #b4g #ebh4d #bcjj #ah #ci #ab4ed #ba #dd #b4e #ebd4c #bdjj #ai #di #ac4bf #bc #ad #b4c #eai4h #bejj #ba #jb #ad4jj #bd #df #b4b #eaf4a #af ounces2 #bfjj #bb #ai #ad4gh #bf #bb #b4j #eab4i #ffj4j ft4-sec4 #bgjj #bc #dc #ae4fa #bh #aa #a4i #eji4d #bhjj #be #ab #af4di #cj #jb #a4g #ejf4b #bijj #bf #di #ag4db #cb #jh #a4f #ejc4h #cjjj #bh #ch #ah4de #cd #ah #a4e #eja4g #cajj #cj #ch #ai4fj #cf #di #a4c #ejj4b #cbjj #cc #ba #ba4jb #dj #jj #a4b #dii4b #ccjj #cf #dc #bb4gh #dc #ea #a4j #eja4j #ccfc #de #jj #bf4ge #eb #db #j4h #eaj4d ---------------------------------------- ----------- #ccjj #dh #ei #bh4dg #ef #dc #j4g #eaf4b #cbjj #eb #dj #bi4ii #fj #aj #j4f #ebc4c ,angles #de #cajj #ee #bb #ca4ja #fb #ce #j4e #ebi4a #cjjj #eg #be #ca4gc #fd #bd #j4e #ecb4f #bijj #ei #ai #cb4cg #ff #cd #j4d #edg4g ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,mort>4 ,,%rapnel1 fill$ & fuz$1 #bj lbs4 ,bur/+-*>ge1 #d oz4 ,numb] ( balls1 #bah4 ,weight ( ea* ball1 #aga gra9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,fuze-scale4 -------------------- ,*>ge ,range4,elevation4 ,"t ,v>iations & ( ,divisions4 9 ,bur/1 ,initial ,flight4 #a ,sub-div4 ,velocity4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,y>ds4 ,sec4 ,units#e?s ,y>ds4 #djj #ae #bi #d4gf #d #b #ah #d ounces2 #ejj #bj #ba #e4ie #e #d #ag #bgg4e ft4 #fjj #bf #jc #g4ej #g #a #ag -sec4 #gjj #cd #bg #i4fa #i #a #ag ---------------------------------------- ----------- #fjj #ad #jh #e4ch #e #a #bb #gjj #ag #ja #f4da #f #a #bb #f ounces2 #hjj #bj #jh #g4eb #g #b #bb #ceg4e ft4 #ijj #bc #cd #h4gc #h #c #bb -sec4 #ajjj #bg #cd #aj4jg #i #d #ba #aajj #cc #ja #aa4hb #aa #c #ba ---------------------------------------- ----------- #ajjj #ab #dc #f4fb #f #b #bi #aajj #ad #ai #g4ch #g #a #bi #abjj #ae #ef #h4ag #h #j #bi #acjj #ag #cf #h4ii #h #d #bh #aj ounces2 #adjj #ai #bc #i4he #i #c #bh #dib4j ft4 #aejj #ba #ai #aj4ge #aj #c #bh -sec4 #afjj #bc #bf #aa4gb #aa #c #bh #agjj #be #dg #ab4gg #ab #c #bg #ahjj #bh #bf #ac4ib #ac #d #bg #aijj #ca #da #ae4cf #ae #a #bg #bjjj #cf #ab #ag4bb #ag #j #bg ---------------------------------------- ----------- #aijj #ad #de #aj4jb #i #d #ce #bjjj #ae #df #aj4fh #aj #b #ce #bajj #af #di #aa4ce #aa #a #ce #bbjj #ag #ee #ab4jd #aa #d #cd #bcjj #ai #je #ab4ge #ab #c #cd #bdjj #bj #ai #ac4ej #ac #b #cd #af ounces2 #bejj #ba #cg #ad4bh #ad #j #cd #ffj4j ft4 #bfjj #bc #jj #ae4aa #ae #j #cc -sec4 #bgjj #bd #bi #af4jj #ae #d #cc #bhjj #bf #jg #af4id #af #d #cc #bijj #bg #eh #ag4if #ag #d #cc #cjjj #cj #je #ai4ab #ai #j #cc #cajj #cb #cc #bj4df #bj #a #cc #cbjj #ce #da #bb4aj #bb #j #cc #ccgf #de #jj #bf4ed #bf #b #cc ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 -------------------------------------- ,fall4 ------------------,t]m9al ,*>ge ,incl9ation1,velocity4 & ,angle4#a ,foot 9-- ,initial ,velocity4 ------------------------------------ ,feet4 ,ft4-sec4 #af #jf #c4e #bfe4b #d ounces2 #ba #aj #b4f #bfb4d #bgg4e ft4 #bg #ae #b4j #bfj4c -sec4 #cf #ja #a4d #beh4c ------------------------------------ #ad #ee #c4h #ccc4h #ag #eg #c4a #ccj4j #f ounces2 #ba #bj #b4f #cbf4i #ceg4e ft4 #be #ji #b4a #cbd4d -sec4 #bi #ce #a4h #cbb4b #ce #cj #a4d #cbj4a ------------------------------------ #ac #di #d4a #dci4j #ae #cf #c4f #dcd4j #ag #bf #c4b #dbi4j #ai #bc #b4h #dbe4a #aj ounces2#ba #bc #b4e #dba4b #dib4j ft4 #bc #df #b4c #dag4e -sec4 #bf #af #b4j #dad4j #bi #jb #a4h #daj4h #cb #jh #a4f #djg4h #ce #ec #a4d #dje4j #da #jj #a4b #dja4c ------------------------------------ #ag #ja #c4f #ecb4b #ah #bj #c4b #ebf4c #ai #db #b4h #eba4b #ba #jg #b4f #eaf4e #bb #cg #b4d #eab4c #bd #ab #b4b #ejg4d #af ounces2#be #eb #b4a #ejc4g #ffj4j ft4 #bg #ch #a4i #ejj4a -sec4 #bi #cc #a4h #dif4g #ca #ch #a4f #dic4f #cc #eh #a4e #dia4j #cf #cf #a4c #dhh4i #ci #cf #a4b #dhh4a #dc #ah #a4a #dhg4f #ec #bb #j4g #ejj4c ------------------------------------ ,,=eign ,,field-,,artill]y4 ,,g]many4 ,!re is practically only "o gun1 viz41 ! #c4df-;in*4 ,! horse-artill]y gun1 c>riage1 & limb]1 are all light] ?an 9 ! field-artill]y4 ,model #ahia weighs #igj lbs4 ,! weights beh9d ! teams are3 ,h4 ,a4 gun1 #ciif lbs42 ,f4 ,a4 gun1 #dbgf lbs42 caisson1 #ejcf lbs4 ,no cannone]s are c>ri$ on ! c>riages 9 horse-artill]y4 ,muzzle velocity1 #adjj ft4-sec4 ,! ,common ,%ell weighs #ae lbs4 7bur/+-*>ge1 #f oz471 & spl9t]s into ab\t #agj pieces4 ,a proportion ( ! %ells are fill$ ) wet guncotton1 hav+ a dry guncotton prim]1 to be us$1 z a rule1 aga9/ m5 "u cov]4 ,! ,%rapnel conta9s #bfb bullets ) bur/+-*>ge d[n ! c5tre1 weighs #ag4g lbs41 & c be bur/ up to #cejj y>ds range4 ,! numb] ( r\nds c>ri$ p] gun 9 a batt]y is #ace4 ,! p]cussion-%ell has be5 ab&on$1 & %rapnel1 high explosive %ell1 & cani/] only are us$4 ,! fuze is a comb9ation "t1 & p]cussion-fuze4 ,!re are #bj c>riages 9 a batt]y--#f guns1 #i caissons1 #d /ore-wagons1 #a =ge-wagon4 ,a batt]y c>ries #i %ovels & #b pickaxes4 ,,france4 ,! ,horse-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4ad 942 weight1 #h4d cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #afjj ft4-sec42 %rapnel ) #b-oz4 bur/+-*>ge 9 head1 #ac4h lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams1 includ+ m5 c>ri$3 gun1 #dbea lbs42 caisson1 #ddbd lbs4 ,! ammunition p] gun ) batt]y is #adb r\nds4 ,! ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4ed 942 weight1 #h4d cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #aejj ft4-sec42 %rapnel ) bur/+-*>ge 9 head1 #ai lbs4 ,weights beh9d teams1 includ+ ! m5 c>ri$3 gun1 #ebdh lbs42 caisson1 #edjd lbs4 ,!re are #adb r\nds ( ammunition p] gun ) batt]y4 ,a /eel %ell fill$ ) #c lbs4 ( cresylite is contemplat$1 ( :i* ab\t #ge w be c>ri$ ) ! batt]y4 ,!re are #f guns1 #i caissons1 #a /ore1 #a =ge1 & #a =ge-wagon 9 a batt]y4 ,! field-artill]y gun n[ be+ introduc$ has a calibre ( #b4ie in*es1 & fires a projectile weigh+ 9 ! vic9ity ( #ab p\nds4 ,,au/ria4 ,! ,horse-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4ad 942 weight1 #e4i cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #acfe ft4-sec42 r+-%ell1 #i lbs42 %rapnel1 #aj4bg lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams3 gun1 #cddj lbs42 caisson1 #dbhg lbs4 ,no deta*m5ts are c>ri$ on ! c>riages4 ,ammunition c>ri$ p] gun ) batt]y3 r+-%ell1 #hd2 %rapnel1 #ed2 cani/]1 #h2 inc5di>y %ell1 #f2 a total ( #aeb r\nds4 ,!re are #ah c>riages 9 a batt]y1 #f guns4 ,! ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4ed 942 weight1 #i4e cwt41 muzzle velocity1 #addj ft4-sec42 r+-%ell1 #ad4a lbs42 %rapnel1 #ae4f lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams3 gun1 #ejdj lbs42 caisson1 #dabd lbs4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y3 r+-%ell1 #gj2 %rapnel1 #de2 cani/]1 #h2 inc5di>y %ell1 #e2 total1 #abh4 ,!re are #bb c>riages 9 a batt]y1 #h guns4 ,,russia4 ,! ,horse-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4d 942 weight1 #g cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #acej ft4-sec42 common %ell1 #ad lbs42 %rapnel ) bur/+-*>ge 9 base1 #ae lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams3 gun1 #cfce lbs42 caisson1 #cedc lbs4 ,no cannone]s on c>riages4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y3 common %ell1 #fa2 %rapnel1 #fj2 cani/]1 #i2 total1 #acj r\nds4 ,! ,light ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4d 942 weight1 #h4f cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #adej ft4-sec42 common %ell1 #ad lbs42 %rapnel ) bur/+-*>ge 9 base1 #ae lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams same z 9 horse-artill]y4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y1 #aej r\nds4 ,! ,heavy ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #d4b 942 weight1 #ab cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #abbc ft4-sec42 common %ell1 #be4i lbs42 %rapnel1 #bg4e lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams1 includ+ deta*m5ts3 gun1 #dbfh lbs42 caisson1 #dfhf4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y1 #ajh r\nds4 ,horse-batt]ies consi/ ( #f guns1 field-batt]ies g5]ally ( #h guns1 #bd c>riages to ea* batt]y ( #f guns4 ,russia has #e regim5ts1 #d batt]ies ea*1 ( field-mort> batt]ies4 ,calibre ( piece1 #f 942 weight ( %ell1 #fj lbs4 ,ea* batt]y consi/s ( #f mort>s1 #ah c>riages1 & #f c>ts4 ,,italy4 ,horse-& ,light ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #b4ge 942 weight1 #e4h cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #adjj ft4-sec42 common %ell1 #i4d lbs42 %rapnel ) bur/+-*>ge 9 base1 #i4h lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams3 gun1 #cdih lbs42 caisson1 #cfej lbs4 ,no deta*m5ts are c>ri$4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y3 common %ell1 #bd2 %rapnel1 #aab2 cani/]1 #f2 total1 #adb r\nds4 ,heavy ,field-artill]y ,gun4--,calibre1 #c4e 942 weight1 #i4b cwt42 muzzle velocity1 #adhj ft4-sec42 common %ell1 #ad4g lbs42 %rapnel1 #ae4c lbs4 ,weights beh9d ! teams1 includ+ deta*m5ts c>ri$3 gun1 #dbfh lbs42 caisson1 #dfhf lbs4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y3 common %ell1 #bh2 %rapnel1 #if2 cani/]1 #f2 total1 #acj r\nds4 ,all batt]ies h #f guns & #ae c>riages1 viz41 #f gun-c>riages1 #f caissons1 #a =ge1 #a baggage-wagon1 #a =age-wagon4 ,,great ,,brita94 ,! #i-pdr4 & #ac-pdr4 ,m4 ,l4 ,guns4--,horse & light artill]y are be+ replac$ by ! #ab-pdr4 ,b4 ,l41 ! weight beh9d teams ( horse-artill]y be+ a little less ?an t ( field-artill]y4 ,calibre ( #ab-pdr4 ,b4 ,l41 #c4j 942 weight ( piece1 #ghd lbs42 muzzle velocity1 #agaj ft4-sec42 common %ell & %rapnel1 #ab lbs4 ,weight beh9d teams3 guns1 #cfhd lbs42 caissons1 #cgif lbs4 ,ammunition p] gun ) batt]y3 common %ell1 #bj2 %rapnel1 #hj2 cani/]1 #h2 total1 #ajh4 ,besides ^! !re are #b />-%ell p] gun4 ,all batt]ies h #f guns & #ai c>riages all told4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,:eel4 ,c>riage4 ,limb]4 ,caisson4 ,batt]y-wagon & ,=ge4 ,artill]y-wagon4 ,h>ness4 ,wat]-c>t4 ,revolv]s4 ,hunt+-knife4 ,,! ,,ar*ibald ,,:eel4 ,diamet] #eg in*es4 ,wid? ( tire #b ,weight ( :eel #bjj lbs4 ,! nave-box 7a7 is made ( alum9um-bronze4 ,x fits ov] ! axle-arm 7c7 & has groove = lubricant1 z indicat$4 ,! nave 7b7 ( malleable iron4 ,! spokes1 #af 9 numb] 7s71 are made ( oak or hickory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,! felloes1 #h 9 numb]1 are made ( oak or hickory4 ,! tire is made ( /eel1 in* ?ick4 ,! bolts1 clips1 l9*-p9s1 & wa%]s are made ( metal4 ,! l>ge nut on outside ( nave-box is spl9$ to ! box4 ,! l9*-wa%]s h a /ud :i* prev5ts _! turn+ ) ! :eel4 ,! inn] extremities ( ! spokes are put toge!r by a p[]ful radial pressure1 :i* subjects !m to a /ress _m times great] ?an !y are likely to receive4 ,to ,replace a ,box & t ,portion ( ! ,hub ,atta*$4--,unscrew & remove front hub-b&2 take (f hub-nuts1 & drive out old box4 ,replace box1 & screw on ! front hub-b&1 replac+ hub-nuts4 ,to ,replace a ,spoke4--,remove tire & felloe on ! injur$ spoke2 take out only ! bolt t passes ?r\gh ! injur$ spoke2 saw (f ?is spoke z close z possible to ! hub & bore or dig out ! spoke2 drive 9 ! duplicate spoke z f> z possible1 & arrange ! t5on at ! felloe s t ! tire may press ! spoke ab\t "o eigh? ( an in* f>!r into ! hub1 & aft] ! tire is on put 9 ! hub-bolt4 ,,! #c4b-;,,in* ,,field-,,gun ,,c>riage4 ,,nom5clature4 ,:eel 7#a7 consi/+ ( tire2 felloes2 spokes2 nave-box2 nave-box flanges2 nave-bolts & nuts4 ,l9*-p9s 7#e72 l9*-wa%]s 7#e72 axle 7#f72 %\ld]-wa%]s 7#g72 brake-eyes & /raps 7#h72 axle-plates 7#i72 flasks 7#aj72 upp] front transom 7#aa72 l[] front transom 7#ab72 middle transom 7#ac72 trail-box transoms 7#ad72 re> transom 7#ae72 lunette 7#af72 lunette-plate 7#af72 trail-plate 7#af72 trail-h&les 7#ag72 cap-squ>es 7#ah72 *9-bolt 7#ai72 eye-bolt 7#bj72 eye-bolt key 7#bj72 eye-bolt key-*a9 7#bj72 trail-box 7#ba72 trail-box lid 7#ba72 trail-box lid-hasp 7#ba72 trail-box turnbuckle 7#ba72 sponge-bucket comp>tm5t 7#bb72 :eel-gu>d 7#bc72 h&spike atta*m5ts1 front & re> 7#bd72 h&spike-socket 7#bd72 h&spike socket-p9 & key 7#bd72 h&spike 7#bd72 h&spike-clasps 7#bd72 long sponge-toggle & plate 7#be72 %ort ramm] & sponge atta*m5t 7#bf72 %ort ramm] & sponge-clasps 7#bf72 %ort ramm] & sponge-clasp lock+-cat*es 7#bf72 sponge-bucket toggle-hole 7#bg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,axle-seats 7#c71 consi/+ ( seat-plate1 gu>d-rail1 gu>d-rail /&>d1 gu>d-rail cat*1 gu>d-rail h+e-p91 gu>d-rail lock+-lat*4 ,b[-brake 7#b71 ,fig4 #ei1 consi/+ ( %oe-piece 7a71 b[-spr+s 7#d7 7b71 b[-spr+ nuts & bolts 7#d7 7c71 atta*m5t-socket 7d71 & ! atta*m5t consi/+ ( clevis 7e71 clevis-bolt & nut 7f71 lock+-lev] 7g71 lock+-bolt & nut 7h74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,! atta*m5t-socket has a rectangul> longitud9al mortice 9 :i* ! tang ( ! clevis is plac$4 ,?is tang has a slot1 ! l[] "p ( :i* ends 9 a hole hav+ ! same diamet] z ! lock+-bolt4 ,! lock+-bolt has be>+s on ea* side ( ! mortice1 & ! "p 9 ! slot has two opposite rectangul> grooves4 ,:5 ! bolt is 9 ! hole ) ^! grooves p]p5dicul> to ! slot1 ! clevis is lock$2 b :5 turn$ until ! bottoms ( ! cuts are 9 prolongation ( ! slot sides1 ! tang ( ! clevis c be drawn out until /opp$ by ! o!r end ( ! slot4 ,! ,elevat+ ,device 7#d71 ,fig4 #fj1 consi/s ( frame & d\ble lazy-tongs4 ,! ,frame consi/s ( 7#b7 side-lev]s 7c71 pivot-bolt & sep>ator 7d71 transom-bolt & nuts 9 re>1 7#b7 eye-bolts1 elevat+-screw 7f71 cross-head elevat+-screw nut1 crank-h&le 7g74 ,! ,lazy-tongs consi/s ( 7#d7 long arms 7a71 7#d7 lev]-arms 7a71 7#d7 %ort arms 7a71 upp] assembl+-bolt1 7#b7 assembl+-bolts1 %ort1 7#b7 assembl+-bolts1 long1 c5tral j\rnal-bolt 7e71 l[] j\rnal-rod 7b7 & 7#b7 be>+-boxes1 7#b7 eye-wa%]s 7= /rap k71 & ! necess>y nuts & wa%]s4 ,! front end ( ! frame is atta*$ to ! c>riage axle-plates1 j 9 re> ( ! middle transom1 by two eye-bolts :i* =m ! pivot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,! re> end is atta*$ to ! elevat+-screw by ! cross-head elevat+-screw nut1 :i* moves back & =? 9 ! grooves 9 ! side-lev]s 9 re> ( ! transom-bolt4 ,! crank-h&le on ! elevat+-screw is locat$ j 9 front ( ! trail-box4 ,! d\ble lazy-tongs 7( two cells1 ! upp] twice ! size ( ! l[]7 are enclos$ 9 ! frame :i* furni%es be>+s1 at ab\t ! middle ( ! side-lev]s1 = ! c5tral j\rnal-bolt4 ,! l[] j\rnal-rod has fix$ be>+s 9 ! two be>+-boxes :i* are bolt$ to ! flasks ( ! c>riage4 ,! gun re/s on ! upp] assembl+-bolt1 :i* has eye-wa%]s = ! bree*-/rap4 ,any motion ( ! elevat+-screw h&le raises or l[]s ! frame1 & ?is1 c>ry+ ) x ! c5tral j\rnal-bolt1 op5s out or closes ! lazy-tongs cells4 ,! ,d\ble-screw ,elevat+ ,device1 ,fig4 #fj;a1 is us$ on #be ( ! c>riages = #c4f-;in* guns4 ,x consi/s ( a holl[ ext]ior screw 7a7 7hav+ an ext]ior "r-h& ?read & an int]ior left-h& "o7 9 :i* works an int]ior screw 7c7 to ^: trunnion$ head is atta*$ ! guide-/rap 7s71 ! arms ( ! /rap be+ secur$ by nuts to ! prolongations ( ! upp] bolts t secure ! middle transom4 ,?is insures rotation ( ! elevat+ device 9 a plane pass+ ?r\gh ! axis ( ! c>riage4 ,! bronze nut 7b7 9 :i* a works is arrang$ on trunnions betwe5 ! *eeks ( ! c>riage1 & has ! h&-:eel 7d7 7or 9 "s cases a l>ge ge>-:eel7 s fix$ to x t ! latt] c be rotat$ b has no motion ( translation4 ,a groove 7e7 is cut on ! screw a1 & a key on ! h&-:eel fits ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj;a4 ,:]e ! l>ge ge>-:eel is us$ motion is obta9$ by a small ge>-:eel1 axle1 p9ion1 & h&-crank on ! "r ( ! trail4 ,,description ,,( ,,c>riage ,,= #c4b-;,,in* ,,gun4 ,! c>riage is made ( /eel4 ,its track1 l t ( ! o!r vehicles1 is #fj in*es4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts are ! two flasks1 connect$ by transoms1 & ! lunette2 ! two axle-plates1 upp] & l[]2 ! axle-tree2 ! :eel-brakes2 ! :eels2 ! elevat+ app>atus2 & ! two seats4 ,ea* flask is =m$ by rivet+ toge!r two plates ) curv$ m>g9s2 & ! trunnion-b$s are re9=c$ by b>s ( /eel1 :i* are enclos$ betwe5 ! m>g9s ( ! flask-plates & rivet$ to !m4 ,!re are ?ree front transoms1 upp]1 l[]1 & re>1 9 ! vic9ity ( ! trunnion-b$s & axle-plates1 & ?ree trail-transoms at int]vals betwe5 ^! plates & ! lunette1 ! latt] be+ rivet$ on4 ,trail-h&les are on ei!r side ( ! trail ne> ! lunette4 ,! lunette1 lunette-plate & trail-plate are =m$ ( "o piece ( metal4 ,! axle-plates1 two 9 numb]1 :i* accurately envelop ! solid /eel axle1 are rivet$ toge!r4 ,! %\ld]-wa%]s are octagonal 9 =m2 to ea* is fitt$ a coll> conta9+ a /\t eye1 to :i* ! brakes are atta*$4 ,^! coll>s h projections t embrace ! axle-plates above & bel[ to prev5t turn+ ( ! axle )9 ! plates4 ,l9*-wa%]s h a /ud to keep !m f revolv+ ) ! :eel4 ,d\ble-b[ ,spr+-brakes1 ) a device = deta*+ !m :5 necess>y1 are us$4 ,!y are c>ri$ 9 a v]tical position by means ( ! button on ! lev] & ! groove on "u side ( axle-seat gu>d-rail4 ,! spr+-lev] op]ates ! lock+-bolt 9 ! end ( ! brake ne> ! hook1 s t ! brake may be available 9 go+ up or d[n hill4 ,axle-seats are plac$ on ei!r side ( ! c>riage4 ,und]nea? ! left seat a section ( picket-rope is c>ri$4 ,! ,elevat+ ,device is ( ! lazy-tongs patt]n1 & is actuat$ by a h&le on top ( ! flask4 ,a lea!r /rap is secur$ to ! top "p ( ! elevat+ device1 & is us$ = /rapp+ d[n ! bree* ( ! gun to avoid p\nd+4 ,:eel1 ,ar*ibald1 height #eg in*es1 weight #bjj p\nds4 ,! ,h&spike1 made ( hickory1 is sawn l5g?wise into halves1 & ! wood ?us remov$ replac$ by #a_/aj-;in* %eet iron1 ! :ole rivet$ toge!r & b\nd by iron b&s4 ,x is p]man5tly atta*$ to ! flask1 & :5 n 9 use is fold$ ov] on x & lock$ by ! h&spike-clasps4 ,! ,%ort ,sponges & ,ramm]s are c>ri$ betwe5 ! *eeks1 betwe5 ! upp] & l[] front transoms2 groov$ bronze f]rules 9 re> ( ! sponge-heads s]ve = ! seats ( ! support & ! clasps :i* hold !m 9 place4 ,by means ( ! bronze hooks on ! /aff1 "o ( :i* is movable1 x is hook$ to ! "r gu>d-rail :5 fir+4 ,! ,axle-seats are atta*$ at ! %\ld]-wa%]s to ! axle-plates & bolt$ to ! flasks4 ,! ,long ,sponge-/aff is h+$ ne> ! middle1 s t :5 fold$ ! ramm]-head is plac$ beh9d ! sponge4 ,x is c>ri$ on ! left side ( ! c>riage 7! sponge-& ramm]-heads "u ! axle-seat re/+ on ! axle-plate71 held by a toggle ab\t midway ( fold$ l5g?4 ,! ,tool-box is plac$ betwe5 ! flasks1 & has ample space = all tools requir$1 & = tube-p\*es1 prim+-wire1 & gunn]'s gimlet4 ,by means ( a hasp & turnbuckle ! lid is fa/5$ to ! side ( ! transom4 ,9 re> ( ! tool-box is an op5 comp>tm5t 9 :i* ! sponge-bucket may be c>ri$ :5 empty4 ,a hole betwe5 ! seats ( sponge & ramm] provides = c>ry+ ! bucket1 :5 fill$1 by its toggle4 ,*9-& eye-bolts secure ! cap-squ>es4 ,:eel-gu>ds are bolt$ on ei!r side ( ! trail4 ,weight ( c>riage & brakes1 #aaff p\nds4 ,weight ( c>riage complete1 ) equipm5t1 #aaig p\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,,limb] ,,( #c4b-;,,in* ,,field-,,gun ,,c>riage4 7,see ,figs4 #fb & #fc47 ,,nom5clature4 ,:eels2 axle2 l9*-p9s2 l9*-wa%]s2 %\ld]-wa%]s2 und]/raps 7axle74 ,! =k 7a72 ! =k-brace2 ! h\nds 7k72 spl9t]-b> 7j74 ,foot-bo>ds 7m71 front & re>2 foot-bo>d lat*2 pole 7b72 pole-f]rule2 pole-pad 7f72 pole-pad bolt & nut2 pole-prop2 pole-bolt2 pole-prop eye2 pole-prop /rap2 pole-/op2 bu%+ = pole-bolt hole2 neck-yoke /op 7g74 ,d\ble-tree 7h72 d\ble-tree *a9s & /aples2 d\ble-tree hooks end2 d\ble-tree /ay-hooks2 d\ble-tree bolt 7i72 d\ble-tree bolt-/rap2 d\ble-tree bolt-brace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,s+le-trees2 s+le-tree-eye-b&2 s+le-tree hooks4 ,oil & grease comp>tm5t3 p9tle 7c72 p9tle-key 7d72 p9tle-key *a92 p9tle-key *a9 eye-plate2 p9tle brace-rods2 h\nd brace-rods2 prim]-& obturator-boxes 7n72 prim]-& obturator-box lids2 prim]-& obturator-box lid-*a9s2 ammunition-*e/ /aple2 ammunition-*e/ keys & *a9s4 ,! ammunition-*e/ 7l71 consi/+ ( lid1 h&les1 hasp1 turnbuckle1 paul9-/raps1 pack+--metallic1 pack+--wood4 ,neck-yoke3 body ( wood2 metal p>ts are3 #a c5tre eye-sleeve2 #b c5tre eye-sleeve rivets2 #b eye-b&s2 #b eye-b& rivets2 #b b&-r+s2 #b pole-/rap eye-loops2 #b pole-/rap eye-loop roll]s2 #b m>t+ale-/aples2 neck-yoke pads 7lea!r74 ,,! ,,limb]4 ,weight ) neck-yoke #ieg p\nds ,weight complete1 )\t ammunition #ajeg ,weight complete1 ) ammunition #aghj ,l5g? f end ( pole to muzzle ( gun1 limb]$ #bf4e feet ,di/ance betwe5 c5tres ( axles #h4ge ,! limb]s = ! c>riage1 caisson1 & batt]y-wagon are 9 e respect ! same1 except t ! two boxes = prim]s & obturators are omitt$ on ! batt]y-wagon limb]1 & its *e/ is diff]5tly arrang$ inside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,! limb] ess5tially consi/s ( two :eels1 ,ar*ibald pat5t 7same z = c>riage71 "o wr\ght-/eel tubul> axle1 l9*-p9s & wa%]s1 %\ld]-wa%]s %runk & p9n$ on1 ?ree und]/raps4 ,! limb]-body & connect+ p>ts consi/ (3 ,! ,=k 7#a7 7a74--,c5tral "p ( body =m$ ( two angle-irons receiv+ ! pole 7b7 & p9tle-body 9 re>4 ,x passes into & is rivet$ to ! d\ble-tree bolt-/rap :i* surr\nds & supports ! pole4 ,x c>ries1 rivet$ to x betwe5 ! flanges1 ! foot-brace & pole-/op1 to :i* is pivot$ ! pole-prop hook4 ,9 re> ( foot-bo>ds is ! /aple = secur+ ! ammunition-*e/4 ,! =k is atta*$ to ! axle by axle-/raps4 ,! ,two ,h\nds 7k7 =m ! side-rails1 & are angle-irons atta*$ to ! body by axle-/raps4 ,to ^! on ea* side 9 re> ( ! axle are bolt$ ! prim]-& obturator-boxes 7k74 ,! ,spl9t]-b> 7j74--,angle-iron4 ,unites ! =k & h\nds 9 front ( foot-bo>ds4 ,foot-bo>ds 7#b71 ,wood 7m74--,re> "o rivet$ to h\nds & =k4 ,! front "o1 to :i* are rivet$ ?ree brackets1 is h+$ by two /rap-h+es to ! re> "o1 to give access to pole-prop /rap1 pole-bolt1 & comp>tm5t = oil-& grease-cans & tool-box4 ,x is provid$ ) a lat* = secur+ x1 :5 d[n1 to ! d\ble-tree bolt-brace4 ,! ,pole1 ,wood 7b74--,lea!r pad 7e7 on front end4 ,neck-yoke /op1 iron1 on "u side4 ,! hole 9 re> & = bolt+ to ! =k is l9$ ) ?9 brass tub+4 ,x abuts aga9/ a plate & is secur$ by a key4 ,x is p>tly copp]-%ea!d4 ,d\ble-tree 7#a7 7h74--,made ( /eel4 ,hooks at ei!r end = atta*m5t ( s+le-trees4 ,hole 9 c5tre = atta*m5t to limb] by d\ble-tree bolt4 ,d\ble-tree ,bolt-/rap 7i74--,rivet$ to =k & supports ! pole4 ,d\ble-tree bolt1 bolt-/rap1 & pole-prop eye "o piece4 ,s+le-trees 7#b74--,made ( /eel ) eye = atta*m5t to d\ble-tree hooks2 hooks at ends = trace atta*m5t4 ,oil-& ,grease-c ,comp>tm5t4--,a flang$ plate ( %eet iron "u ! foot-bo>ds rivet$ to ! =k & "r h\nd4 ,pole-prop#f 7#a74--,p]man5tly secur$ to ! eye on bottom ( ! d\ble-tree bolt-/rap4 ,pole-prop ,/rap 7#a74--;,= hold+ up pole-prop1 ne> pole-/op4 ,pole-bolt 7#a7 7e74--,passes ?r\gh ! =k1 ! flanges ( ! d\ble-tree bolt-brace & ! pole secur+ x to ! =k4 ,pole-/op & ,support 7#a74--;,a flang$ piece ( plate metal 7rivet$ to =k-flanges7 on & aga9/ :i* ! pole is support$4 ,d\ble-tree ,bolt-brace 7#a74--;,a flang$ plate ) holes 9 front = d\ble-tree bolt & ?r\gh ! flanges = pole-bolt4 ,x also =ms ! cat* = ! foot-bo>d lat*4 ,p9tle 7#a7 7c74--,= connect+ ! c>riage-body bolt$ betwe5 ! =k-flanges4 ,p9tle-key 7#a7 7d74--,= secur+ ! lunette4 ,p9tle-key ,*a9 7#a74--;,= secur+ ! p9tle-key to ! limb]4 ,p9tle ,brace-rods 7#b74--;,f ! re> h\nd und]/rap-bolts to ! re> p9tle-body bolt4 ,h\nd ,brace-rods 7#b74--;,f ! front p9tle-body bolt to ! r+-bolt ( prim]-& obturator-boxes4 ,prim]-& ,obturator-boxes 7#b7 7n74--,two wat]-tight cyl9drical boxes ) screw-lids1 bolt$ ?r\gh ! bottoms to ! axle1 & by a r+-bolt to ! h\nds1 = c>ry+ unbrok5 boxes ( prim]s & sp>e obturators4 ,ammunition-*e/1 ,wood 7l74--,iron$1 ) corrugat$-iron plate on back4 ,x is cov]$ ) duck1 & ! lid is secur$1 :5 d[n1 by hasp & turnkey4 ,?ree comp>tm5ts3 end ones = projectiles1 #ba 9 ea*2 middle = #dd c>tridges & two hav]sacks4 ,! pack+ divisions = projectiles are ( ca/ bronze4 ,,on ,,gun-,,& ,,caisson-,,limb]s ,,c ,,be ,,c>ri$3 ,two paul9s ,on & /rapp$ to *e/-lid2 ord9>ily n c>ri$ on caisson-limb]s4 ,two sp>e obturators1 or ,9 wat]-tight cyl9drical boxes two or m 7dep5d+ "u ! *e/2 ord9>ily n on size7 boxes ( c>ri$ on caisson-limb]s4 prim]s1 or "o obturator & "o or m boxes ( prim]s4 ,"o oil]1 "o tool-box1 ,9 comp>tm5t "u ! foot-bo>ds2 "o :eel-grease c ) :eel-grease c only ord9>ily spatula4 c>ri$ on caisson-limb]s4 ,"o pole-prop = end ( ,"u foot-bo>ds1 left-h& side1 pole 7n[ replac$ by betwe5 *e/ & axle4 %eet-metal prop47 ,"o section ( picket-rope ,on ! foot-bo>ds4 ,"o ( ^! 7c be us$ = a sections is c>ri$ = & ) prolonge7 ) metal ea* c>riage1 & ord9>ily1 t]m9als = connection = gun-c>riage & limb]1 ) o!r t]m9als 7#cd coil$ "u ! left seat ( feet long2 #c-;in* rope74 gun-c>riage2 = ! batt]y-wagon & =ge1 9 ! wagon or on top ( x fa/5$ to rail+1 9 ! fold+ =age-rack1 or coil$ ar\nd ! middle rail ne> ! vise1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t2 & = caisson1 on its limb] foot-bo>ds1 or on caisson z above detail$4 ,?ree or f\r knapsacks ,on ! foot-bo>ds4 ,knapsacks are c>ri$ 9 ! artill]y-wagon4 ,"o bree*-sight ,c>ri$ 9 its lea!r case 9 "o ( ! foot-bo>d comp>tm5ts4 ,a sp>e "o may be c>ri$ 9 "o ( ! caisson-limb]s4 ,two hav]sacks ,9 middle-*e/ comp>tm5t on top ( c>tridges2 ord9>ily c>ri$ 9 ! gun-limb] *e/4 ,! tool-box 7"o = ea* gun1 c>ri$ 9 ! comp>tm5t "u ! foot-bo>ds ( gun-limb]7 has capacity = ! foll[+ tools & implem5ts3 ,"o screw-wr5*4 ,"o iron nut-wr5*1 #ab in*es long4 ,"o -in* cold-*isel1 #h in*es long4 ,"o #h-;in* ba/>d-file4 ,"o h&-hamm]1 #ab-;in* h&le4 ,"o small /eel pun*4 ,"o v5t-pun*4 ,^! may be c>ri$1 if m ,"o gunn]'s gimlet4 conv5i5t1 9 ! gun-c>riage ,"o prim+-wire4 trail-box4 ,weight ( tool-box1 #a p\nd #ac ounces2 cont5ts1 z above1 #g p\nds #h ounces4 #c4b ,,gun1 ,,c>riage1 ,,limb]1 ,,weights1 ,,equipm5ts ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,no4 ,article4 ,weight4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,lbs4 ,oz4 ,lbs4 ,oz4 #ac4b ,b4 ,l4 rifle1 revis$ model #gid #a;,c>riage1 ) brakes #aaff #a;,jo9t$ sponge & ramm]1 ) cov] #g #b,%ort ramm]s & sponges comb9$1 ) cov]s #g #ad #a,prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #ae #h #b,prim]-p\*es #a #b,lany>ds #h --------- #ca #ad #a,limb] complete1 ) neck-yoke #ieg #d #a,:eel-grease c & spatula #e #h #a;,bree*-sight #b #b #a;,bree*-sight p\* #i #a,sp]m-oil] #g #a,tool-box1 ) tools #i #b #a;,fuze-pun* #ab #b,paul9s 7#ab #ab7 #ed #ab #b;,gunn]'s hav]sacks #d #f #b,wat]+-buckets1 canvas #c #d #a;,cu%ion #ah #ab --------- #ii #aj #db,projectiles 7#ac4e lbs4 ea*7 #efg #dd;,c>tridges 7#c4e lbs4 ea*7 #aed #dd;,c>tridge-bags #b #ab --------- #gbc #ab ---------- ,total #cggb #h ,weight p] horse #fbh #ab ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,extra ,,weight ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,,gun-,,c>riage4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #ac4f-;in* ,b4 ,l4 rifle 7#aaha lbs4 weight7 #chg #a;,c>riage1 ) brakes 7#acjj lbs4 weight7 #acd #cf,projectiles 7#bj lbs4 ea*7 #aec #ch;,c>tridges 7#d4ahge lbs4 ea*7 #d --------- ,total extra weight #fgh ---------- ,total weight #ddcj #d ,weight p] horse #gch #f ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,! ,,caisson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,weight ( caisson complete1 )\t limb] #acif lbs4 ,weight ( caisson & limb] complete1 )\t ammunition #bdcf ,weight ( caisson & limb] ,light field-batt]y #dfjg complete1 ) ammunition ,heavy field-batt]y #ejhj ,l5g? f end ( pole to end ( sp>e-:eel axle #bd ft ,di/ance betwe5 c5tres ( axles #h ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd;a4 ,,nom5clature4 #a4 ,lunette4 #b4 ,middle rail4 #c4 ,front cross-b>4 #d4 ,foot-bo>d4 #e4 ,pickaxe atta*m5t1 front4 #f4 ,ammunition-*e/ keys & *a9s4 #g4 ,brake-*a94 #h4 ,side rail4 #i4 ,sp>e pole4 #aj4 ,ammunition-*e/4 #aa4 ,brake-lev]4 #ab4 ,front ammunition-*e/ h&les4 #ac ,pickaxe atta*m5t1 re>4 #ad4 ,axe & spade bo>d-irons4 #ae4 ,middle rail4 #af4 ,brake eye-/rap4 #ag4 ,re> ammunition-*e/ h&les4 #ah4 ,ammunition-*e/ keys & *a9s4 #ai4 ,sp>e-pole /irrup4 #bj4 ,sp>e-:eel axle-bol/]4 #ba4 ,sp>e-:eel axle-wa%]4 #bb4 ,sp>e :eel4 #bc4 ,sp>e-:eel axle4 #bd4 ,toggle4 ,! limb] ( ! caisson has already be5 describ$4 ,! caisson1 ,fig4 #fd;a1 consi/s ( "o wr\ght-/eel tubul> axle & two ,ar*ibald :eels 7#eg 9471 same z = limb]s1 ! caisson-body1 & connect+ p>ts1 viz43 ,! ,middle rail 7c5tral "p ( body =m$ ( two angle-irons7 receives ! lunette 9 front & sp>e :eel 9 re>1 & is atta*$ to ! axle by an und]/rap1 & to ! side-rails by front & re> cross-b>s1 ) connections /iff5$ by brackets1 & ! /r5g? at axle increas$ by middle-rail braces4 ,! ,side-rails1 :i* are atta*$ to ! axle by und]/raps & jo9$ to ! middle rail by ! front & re> cross-b>s4 ,! ,foot-bo>d is fa/5$ to ! middle & side rails ) brackets to incl9e ! surface ( ! bo>d4 ,floor-rods1 pass+ ?r\gh middle & side rails1 betwe5 re> *e/ & re> cross-b>4 ,two ,road-brakes complete1 & atta*m5ts = implem5ts & sp>e p>ts4 ,! lev] road-brake n[ suppli$ is simil> to ! ord9>y wagon-brake1 & s arrang$ t ea* side may be op]at$ sep>ately4 ,! %oe is appli$ 9 re> ( ! :eel1 & ! brake-lev] /&s upright inside ! :eels1 opposite ! front side ( ! re> ammunition-*e/4 ,! caisson body c>ries two ammunition-*e/s same z = limb]4 ,,on ,,! ,,caisson ,,c ,,be ,,c>ri$3 ,a ,sp>e ,:eel1 :i* fits ^u an iron axle-arm atta*$ to ! re> end ( ! middle rail1 or a sp>e pole4 ,two long-h&l$ %ovels4 ,two pickaxes by suitable atta*m5ts und]nea?4 ,"o sp>e pole1 ,two spades1 betwe5 *e/s4 ,two axes1 ,f\r wat]+-buckets1 canvas4 ,"o or two lant]ns4 ,two paul9s1 on *e/s4 ,"o manuvr+-h&spike1 "r side1 along ! side-rail4 ,"o section ( picket-rope1 coil$ ar\nd sp>e-:eel axle-bol/]1 or ar\nd floor-rods & re> cross-b>4 ,two extra boxes ( ammunition c also be c>ri$1 "o on ea* side ( sp>e-:eel axle1 re/+ on ! floor-rods & la%$ on4 ,,/[+ ,,( ,,caisson ,,implem5ts4 ,long-h&l$ ,%ovels4--,! concave faces ( ! blades are t[>d & re/+ aga9/ ! axle1 "u side1 ! %ovel-po9ts be+ pass$ into /aple-/raps 9 re> ( ! axle & ! %ovel h&les aft]w>d into cat*es on ! front cross-b>1 aga9/ :i* ! ends ( h&les re/4 ,! ,pickaxes1 :i* mu/ be put on be=e ! %ovels1 are c>ri$ b5ea? by fixtures atta*$ to bo? middle & side-rails4 ,! ends ( ! h&les are br\ght toge!r1 ! po9t$ halves ( ! blades ov]lapp$1 "o 9 advance ( ! o!r 7if ! sp>e pole be on1 ?is mu/ be done above ! pole72 h&le-ends are !n pass$ into a broad /rap ( %eet metal dep5d+ f ! middle rail1 & at ! same "t ! out] blade-ends into brackets or %elves on ! side-rails4 ,9 ?is position ! ov]lapp+ blades %\ld be "u a cat* & imm$iately 9 front ( a bracket or %elf on ! middle rail1 :i* is to support ! picks1 & to get !m into :i* !y %\ld be press$ up aga9/ ! spr+ & t[>d ! axle until ! spr+ falls beh9d !m4 ,?is spr+ has1 t[>d ! axle1 a long bran* on :i* to place ! h& :5 press+ up ! spr+ to remove ! picks4 ,! ,axes & ,spades are c>ri$ betwe5 ! *e/s4 ,a bo>d is !re1 p]man5tly rivet$ to ! side-rails at ea* end4 ,)9 ! rails1 on opposite sides1 are slots1 into :i* ! blades are plac$ v]tically1 ! halves re/+ on top ( ! bo>d4 ,! spade-blades1 spade-h&les cross$1 are plac$ on ! bo>d1 "o at ea* side1 betwe5 ! helve ( "o & ! blade ( ! o!r axe1 concave face t[>d ! axe-blade1 ! ends ( sp>e blades aga9/ ! out] bran* ( ! upright metal /ops fa/5$ to ! bo>d-ends2 ! h&les ( ! spades are !n =c$ d[n until ! ends re/ on top ( ! axes4 ,! ,canvas ,buckets are c>ri$ 9 left comp>tm5t "u limb] foot-bo>ds4 ,! ,lant]ns4--,lant]ns are c>ri$ 9 canvas bags hung across ! sp>e-:eel axle-bol/]4 ,!y hang bel[ ! floor-rods & d n sw+4 ,! picket-rope section1 manuvr+-h&spike1 & sp>e pole or sp>e :eel are c>ri$ z already indicat$4 ,sp>e :eels1 sp>e poles1 & manuvr+-h&spikes are n consid]$ "p ( ! regul> caisson equipm5t4 ,9 w>-"t x is propos$ to c>ry on ea* sp>e caisson a sp>e :eel1 on ! left caisson ( ea* platoon a sp>e pole1 & on ! "r caisson ( ea* platoon a sp>e h&spike4 ,9 horse-artill]y ! front *e/ ( ea* caisson-body %\ld be remov$ to br+ ! gun-team & caisson-team loads to an equality & give space = =age4 ,,caisson1 ,,weights ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,no4 ,article4 ,weight4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,lbs4 ,oz4,lbs4 ,oz4 #a;,caisson complete1 ) brakes & neck-yoke #bbaf #h #b;,axes1 h&l$ #aj #b,pickaxes1 h&l$ #ae #b,%ovels1 long-h&l$ #h #b,spades1 %ort-h&l$ #aj #d,paul9s #aji #h #b,wat]-buckets #c #d #b,lant]ns ) ,cran/on atta*m5t #e #h #a,prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #ae #h #b;,cu%ions #cg #h #a;,grease-c & spatula #e #h -------- #bai #ab #abf,projectiles 7#ac lbs4 ea*7 #agja #acb;,c>tridges 7#c4e lbs4 ea*7 #dfb #acb;,c>tridge-bags #h #d --------#baga #d --------- ,total weight #dfjg #h ,weight p] horse ) above equipm5t #gfh ,= horse-artill]y d$uct #a *e/1 fill$ #iji #h total weight #cfih weight p] horse #faf #e ,= #c4f ammunition3 #ajh ,projectiles 7"u ! supposition t ea* *e/ w conta9 #cf r\nds7 #bafj #aad ,c>tridges #dgg #f #aad ,c>tridge-bags #g #b --------#bfdd #h --------- ,total weight #ejhj #ab ,weight p] horse #hdf #ab ,! weight p] horse is increas$3 ,by add+ #a sp>e h&spike #j4ib lbs4 #a sp>e pole #d4ge #a sp>e :eel #cc4ff ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,comb9$ ,,batt]y-,,wagon ,,& ,,=ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,weight empty1 includ+ limb] #bjha lbs4 ,weight complete #bgca ,?is consi/s ( "o limb] complete1 same z gun-c>riage limb] except t ! prim]-& obturator-boxes are omitt$1 & ! pack+ ( ! *e/ is adapt$ to secur+ ! smi?'s tools & ! =ge in/ead ( ammunition1 & "o metal body ) ,ar*ibald :eels & tubul> /eel axle1 same z = caisson except t ! atta*m5ts = implem5ts are omitt$1 :ile atta*m5ts are provid$ = anvil & sl$ge 9 front ( ! wood5 body on ! middle rail4 ,! vise is m\nt$ on ! front end ( ! middle rail1 & ! atta*m5t = ! lunette-prop is "u & cont9u\s ) ! atta*m5t = ! sl$ge4 ,! body 7! entire top ( :i* is cov]$ ) canvas7 has ?ree comp>tm5ts4 ,two lids 7"o op5+ upw>d on ei!r side & =m+ "p ( ! top7 op5 into "o conta9+ gr9d/one & /&-closets pack$ ) /ores & sp>e p>ts = ! repair ( ! batt]y2 & lids at ! front end1 op5+ into ! o!r two1 :i* conta9 *e/s ( saddl]'s1 c>p5t]'s1 & :eelwright's tools1 all ( :i* are s arrang$ t any "o c be tak5 out )\t di/urb+ ! o!rs4 ,a fold+ =age-rack 9 re> & a rail ar\nd ! top provide space = c>ry+ =age4 ,! brake is ! lev] road-brake4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe;a4 ,,nom5clature4 #a4 ,lunette-prop4 #b4 ,lunette4 #c4 ,vise4 #d4 ,middle rail4 #e4 ,sl$ge4 #f4 ,atta*m5t = sl$ge & lunette-prop4 #g4 ,anvil4 #h4 ,anvil key4 #i4 ,anvil-key nut4 #aj4 ,anvil-key *a94 #aa4 ,brake-*a94 #ab4 ,brake-%oe4 #ac4 ,brake-lev]4 #ad4 ,side rail4 #ae4 ,wagon body4 #af4 ,brake eye-/rap4 #ag4 ,lid4 #ah4 ,middle rail4 #ai4 ,wagon-body rail4 #bj4 ,rack4 #ba4 ,rack-*a94 ,,c>p5t]',s ,,& ,,:eelwright',s ,,*e/ ,,conta9s3 #a brace ) twelve assort$ bits4 #a #ab-;94 draw+-knife4 #a #bj-;94 h&-saw4 #a #bf-;94 rip-saw4 #a h&-axe4 #a claw-hamm]4 #d fram+-*isels 71 #a1 #a1 #b 9474 #c fram+-g\ges 71 #a1 #a 9474 #a #ab-;94 screw-wr5*4 #a jack-plane4 #a smoo?+-plane4 #a spoke-%ave4 #a #b-;foot rule4 #aj assort$ brads & awls1 conta9$ 9 h&le4 #a try+-squ>e4 #a ,*e/]man-,%effield l95 tape-l9e4 #a scrib+-awl4 #ab assort$ saw-files 7#d & #f 9474 #a #aj-;94 wood-rasp4 #a #aj-;94 wood-file4 #a oil]4 #a #h-;94 oil-/one4 #a gauge4 #a #aj-;94 compass4 #a table-vise4 #a p9c]s4 #a wood5 mallet4 #f aug]-bits 71 1 1 #a1 #a 9474 #a pat5t aug]-h&le4 #c file-h&les1 iron 7#d-;94 flat1 #d-;94 r\nd1 & #e 9474 #b small canvas bags = small /ores4 ,weight ( *e/ empty #ee lbs4 ,weight ( cont5ts1 z above #dg -------- ,total #ajb ,,! ,,saddl]',s ,,*e/ ,,conta9s3 #a r\nd knife4 #a %oe-knife4 #a draw-gauge4 #f assort$ /it*+-awls1 h&l$4 #a rivet-set1 #b holes4 #a revolv+ pun* 7#d tubes1 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g74 #a claw-tool4 #a #f-;94 compass4 #a creas]1 wood4 #a cutt+-nipp]s4 #a rivet+-hamm]4 #a edge-tool1 ,no4 #b4 #a rule1 #b-;foot1 wood4 #a oil-/one4 #a pli]s1 l>ge4 #a driv+-pun*1 ,no4 #e4 #a /it*+-horse1 complete4 #b small canvas bags = small /ores4 ,weight ( *e/ empty #ej lbs4 ,weight ( cont5ts1 z above #bi #h oz4 ------------- ,total #gi #h ,,! ,,=ge-,,*e/ ,,conta9s3 #a portable ,empire =ge complete1 modifi$ = army use4 #a h&-hamm]1 h&l$4 #a rivet+-hamm]4 #a smi?'s tongs 7#aa 9474 #a tongs = -94 iron4 #a tongs = -94 iron4 #a *isel = hot iron1 h&l$4 #a *isel = cold iron1 h&l$4 #a =e-pun* & creas]1 h&l$4 #a h& cold-*isel4 #a #ab-;94 flat ba/>d-file4 #a r\nd h&-pun*4 #a h>dy4 #a #ab-;94 screw-wr5*4 #a #b-;foot rule1 wood4 #a squ>e1 /eel4 #a oil]4 #a #f-;94 iron file-h&le4 #a small wr5* = portable =ge4 #a fire-rake4 #a fire-%ovel4 #b small canvas bags = nails & small /ores4 #b smi?'s lea!r aprons4 #a sole-lea!r %oe+-box & ! foll[+ f>ri]'s tools1 viz43 #a %oe+-hamm]4 #a prit*el4 #a #af-;94 %oe+-rasp4 #b %oe+-knives4 #a toe-knife4 #a %oe+-p9c]s4 #a cl9*+-iron4 #a nail-pun*4 ,weight ( *e/ empty #aej lbs4 ,weight ( cont5ts1 z above4 ,=ge complete #fa ,tools1 etc4 #ci -------- ,total #bea ,,/[+ ,,( ,,implem5ts1 ,,etc4 ,9 ,limb]-*e/4--,middle comp>tm5t conta9s portable =ge1 =ge-implem5ts1 & "p ( ! tools & %oe-box4 ,"r-h& comp>tm5t conta9s horse%oes4 ,left-h& comp>tm5t conta9s rema9+ tools & small /ores1 su* z horse%oe-nails1 small bolts1 nuts1 etc41 to c>ry :i* two small canvas bags are provid$4 ,limb]-*e/ is lock$1 & key c>ri$ by blacksmi?4 ,! ,coal is c>ri$ 9 ! l>ge canvas bag1 capacity #c bu%els1 on ! foot-bo>ds1 la%$ to ! *e/-h&les by /\t cords p]man5tly atta*$ to ! bag1 "o ( !m be+ ! cord by :i* ! m\? ( ! bag is drawn toge!r & secur$4 ,:5 empty1 ! bag is c>ri$ inside ! *e/4 ,fur!r description reg>d+ ! /[+ ( ! body "p is unnecess>y4 ,,=ge ,,& ,,batt]y-,,wagon1 ,,weights ,,& ,,equipm5ts4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,no4 ,article4 ,weight4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,lbs4 ,oz4,lbs4 ,oz4 #a;,=ge & batt]y-wagon complete1 ) brakes & neck-yoke1 b )\t /ores #bjha #j #a,set blacksmi?'s & f>ri]'s tools complete #ci #h #a;,coal-bag #d #h #a;,=ge complete #fa #h #a,tool-*e/1 :eelwright's1 complete #ee #a,set tools1 :eelwright's1 complete #dg #h #a,tool-*e/1 saddl]'s1 complete #ej #a,set tools1 saddl]'s1 complete #bi #h #b;,jackscrews #ej #a,vise #cb #a;,hamm]-sl$ge #aj #h #a;,anvil #ajj #a;,batt]y-wagon lunette-prop #e #a;,gr9d/one1 flanges1 %aft1 & crank1 complete #ej #h #a;,gr9d/one-frame complete #ah #a;,c = coal-oil #g #h #a;,c = sp]m-oil #a #a;,grease-c & spatula #e #h #b,lant]ns ) ,cran/on atta*m5t #e #h #d,wat]-buckets 7#b canvas1 #b gal4 iron7 #f #h #b,paul9s #ed #ab #a,prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #ae #h -------- #fdi #ab -------- ,total weight #bgcj #ab ,weight p] horse )\t /ores #dee #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,! ,,artill]y-,,wagon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,weight complete1 #ahfh p\nds4 ,?is wagon1 on ! canvas cov] ( :i* is pa9t$ its "n & ! designation ( ! batt]y1 is made ( :ite oak1 & is = c>ry+ ! knapsacks1 ammunition = small-arms1 sp>e small-arms1 & sp>e intr5*+ tools ( ! batt]y4 ,x has ! same track z ! o!r artill]y-c>riages1 & ! axles are self-oil+1 "o fill+ la/+ a mon?4 ,! capacity ( ! int]ior is = #abj knapsacks1 weigh+ ab\t #cjjj p\nds4 ,! re> :eels are #eg in*es 9 diamet]2 ! =e :eels are small]1 9 ord] to turn "u ! body ( ! rea*4 ,! driv]'s seat is a lock-box ( ?ree comp>tm5ts1 ! two end ones be+ = sp>e revolv]s & revolv]-c>tridges4 ,! middle comp>tm5t is = ! foll[+ articles1 viz43 #a :eel-grease c & spatula2 #a self-oil+ axle-grease syr+e2 #a h&-hamm]2 #a wr5*4 ,on ! re> ( ! wagon is c>ri$ a #be-;gallon wat]-keg1 fitt$ ) bronze screw-bung & a spigot4 ,"u ! body ( ! wagon & above ! rea* & rock]s are c>ri$ ! sp>e d\ble 7#a7 & s+le 7#b7 trees1 & ! foll[+ intr5*+-tools1 viz43 #b long-h&l$ %ovels1 #b spades1 #b pickaxes1 #b axes4 ,to ! foot-bo>d is atta*$ a da%-bo>d lamp1 :i* :5 n 9 use may be c>ri$ 9 ! comp>tm5t "u ! driv]'s seat4 ,a boot to protect ! driv] is also provid$4 ,! wagon has a d\ble cov]2 ! fir/1 ( wat]-pro( canvas1 cov]+ ! top only2 ! second1 ( cotton duck1 ext5ds d[n ! sides & f> en\gh 9 re> to lace at ! ends4 ,a /\t canvas cov] 9 re> ( ! driv]'s seat prev5ts ! load f be+ ?r[n to ! front4 ,no special place is provid$ = ! two canvas wat]-buckets1 :i* %\ld be c>ri$ :]e !y c readily be gott5 at4 ,to fill ! axle ) oil remove ! screw-wa%]s & fill ! sp9dles by means ( ! axle-grease syr+e4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,c>t4 ,no?+ ( ?is k9d is suppli$2 b batt]y comm&]s c readily improvise "o = field m>*es & encampm5ts & f9d x exce$+ly useful4 ,obta9 two good sub/antial :eels & an axle2 atta* %afts2 build a suitable framework !reon to su/a9 a l>ge b>rel1 :i* %\ld h a faucet 9 ! re> end & an op5+ = fill+ x on top4 ,,light-,,artill]y ,,h>ness4 ,! h>ness is made ( black lea!r1 black buckles1 & )\t ornam5ts o!r ?an black lea!r rosettes4 ,9 connect+ ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! h>ness & 9 atta*+ ! horse to ! limb] hooks1 hook+ into r+s or l9ks only at ! po9t :]e a depression is made 9 ! r+ or l9k1 are us$4 ,! ,bridle 7a7 is simil> to ! regulation cavalry bridle except t x has black buckles & black rosettes4 ,! c\pl+-re9 ( ! (f horse c be l5g!n$ or %ort5$ z desir$1 & has a snap-hook = atta*+ ! end to a r+ on ! saddle ( ! ne> horse4 ,! la% end ( ! re9s ( ! (f horse passes ?r\gh a roll] on ! pommel ( 8 saddle & falls to ! left1 conv5i5t to ! driv]'s h&1 s t by pull+ x ! horse is set back 9 8 h>ness directly to ! re>4 ,! ,halt] is ( lea!r1 ) lea!r halt]-/rap4 ,! ,saddle4 ,,nom5clature4--7,a7 pommel2 7,b7 cantle2 7,c7 side-b>2 7,d7 qu>t]-/raps1 front1 spid]2 7,e7 qu>t]-/raps1 re>1 spid]2 7,f7 qu>t]-/rap r+ or spid]-r+2 7,g7 c9*a2 7,h7 c9*a-/rap2 7,i7 c9*a-r+2 7,k7 /irrup-loop2 7,l7 /irrup-/rap2 7,m7 /irrup-tread2 7,n7 /irrup hood2 7,p7 r+s2 7,r7 cantle-/aple2 7,s7 saddle-bag /ud2 7aa7 7bb7 coat-/raps or ?ongs2 7ii7 c9*a-r+ safes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,! regulation ,mc,clellan saddle1 ) saddle bags 7b71 ,fig4 #fh1 is us$4 ,"s batt]ies are suppli$ ) fair-lea!r seats :i* are to be pref]r$ to black lea!r ones4 ,lea!r-cov]$ wood5 /irrups = (fic]s2 enli/$ m5 use brass /irrups4 ,saddles ( horses 9 h>ness h a pommel-r+ to :i* ! coll>-/rap 7v7 is hook$2 & saddles ( :eel-horses h1 securely fa/5$ to !m1 cantle-hooks 7k71 :i* s]ve to hold ! s+le-trees 7i7 :5 deta*$ f ! d\ble-tree4 ,^! hooks c be remov$ & atta*$ to ano!r saddle1 if necess>y1 9 ! field4 ,a loop is plac$ on ! hair c9*a to support ! m>t+ale 7n74 ,!re are ?ree sizes ( c9*as1 viz41 #af-;in*1 #ah-;in*1 & #bj-;in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,! ,draught-h>ness4--,?is consi/s ( ! lock+-coll> 7c71 ) hames p]man5tly atta*$4 ,! trace-tugs 7d71 p]man5tly atta*$ on ei!r side ( ! coll>1 t]m9ate 9 a r+ 7e71 ?r\gh :i* ! toggle 7f7 ( ! trace passes4 ,! trace 7g7 is made ( two ?icknesses ( lea!r & has a ,d r+ at ei!r end to :i* *a9s are atta*$4 ,! front *a9 7f7 is %ort ) a toggle at ! end4 ,! re> *a9 7h7 is #bd in*es long ) a hook at ! end2 ea* l9k has a depression 9 x ov] :i* ! hook c pass4 ,mogul spr+s 7l7 are us$ on ! trace-*a9s ( :eel-horses4 ,! trace-*a9s 7y7 ( lead-horses t]m9ate 9 a r+ :i* passes ov] ! toggle ( ! trace 9 re>2 ! hook-end is !n pass$ ?r\gh ! r+ at ! end ( ! trace & hook$ 9 any l9k ( ! *a94 ,! ,bree*+4--,9 ?is connection x %\ld be /at$ t ! neck-yoke 7o7 is atta*$ to ! :eel-horse by means ( a brea/-/rap 7r7 :i* passes ?r\gh ! r+ on ! neck-yoke & hooks on ei!r side ( ! coll> to a r+4 ,! bree*+ consi/s ( a broad bree*-/rap 7m71 support$ by hip-/raps 7s1 s71 ) r+s at ei!r end2 a back-/rap 7t71 ) crupp] 7t7 atta*$1 hooks to ! saddle1 & also has a lo9-/rap 7u7 = support+ ! traces4 ,! m>t+ale 7n71 ( heavy lea!r ) fold$ edges1 is atta*$ to ! neck-yoke 7m7 by means ( a c9*-/rap sew$ to a r+ 9 its front end4 ,x passes betwe5 ! =e legs ( ! horse & ?r\gh ! loop on ! c9*a1 & ! ,d r+ at its re> end %\ld be ne> ! middle ( ! horse's belly4 ,atta*$ to ! r+ on ei!r end ( ! bree*-/rap is a side-/rap 7s7 be>+ a hook :i* hooks into ! ,d r+ at ! re> end ( ! m>t+ale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 b1 bree*-/rap2 s1 side-/raps2 n1 m>t+ale2 m1 neck-yoke4 ,! m>t+ale & side-/raps1 be+ "u ! body ( ! horse & connect$ ) ! bree*+ & neck-yoke1 ! horse is n only held up1 b uses 8 weight & /r5g? to ! be/ advantage :5 hold+ back4 ,! bree*-/rap1 hip-/rap1 side-/raps1 m>t+ale1 & brea/-/rap are omitt$ on lead-horses4 ,! blanket is ( wool1 dy$ sc>let4 ,! dress saddle-clo? is ( heavy cotton canvas1 bright sc>let1 b\nd ) black lea!r4 ,x is easily clean$ by scrubb+ ) soap & wat]4 ,! leg-gu>d1 :ip1 wat]+-bridle1 surc+le1 nose-bag1 & :5 requir$ l>iat & picket-p94 ,surc+les are ( ?ree sizes1 viz43 ,no4 #a1 #gf in*es2 ,no4 #b1 #hd in*es2 & ,no4 #c1 #if in*es4 ,! coll> n[ us$ is a h+$ /eel lock+-coll>4 ,?is /eel coll>1 weigh+ ab\t #ae p\nds1 consi/s ess5tially ( two plates1 press$ 9 ,u %ape1 h+$ toge!r at ! top1 & clos$ at ! bottom by a spr+ lat*4 ,"o side ( ! plate is fitt$ to ! animal's %\ld]2 ! o!r side c>ries ! trace-hooks1 "u :i* are plac$ ,u-%ap$ plate-spr+s1 :i* are held 9 place by ! same bolts z are ! trace-hooks4 ,all p>ts ( ! coll> & its fitt+s are put toge!r ) bolts1 & c be quickly tak5 ap>t :5 necess>y1 ! only tool ne$$ be+ ! wr5* t accompanies ea* coll>4 ,! p>ts ( ! coll> t re/ on ! neck & %\ld]s are galvaniz$1 :i* prev5ts gall+ 9 w>m or wet wea!r1 & conduces to ! heal+ ( sores4 ,! coll> is op5$ by press+ a spr+ lat* at ! bottom1 & is ?us easily put on & tak5 (f )\t =c+ x ov] ! horse's head4 ,! coll> be+ su* an important "p ( ! h>ness1 directions = fitt+ x are giv5 z indicat$ 9 ! circul> ( ! ,/eel ,horse ,coll> ,company1 ( ,fit*burg1 ,mass4 ,coll>-sides1 pads1 & connections are made 9 diff]5t sizes to suit ! numb] ( coll>4 ,all ! o!r p>ts w fit any coll>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,description ,,( ,,p>ts ,,( ,,coll>4 ,,fig4 #gj4 & ! bolts = top connection1 bottom ( coll>1 ext5sion1 & trace-plate4 ,! table ( dim5sions at ! top ( next page gives ! l>ge/ size to :i* ea* numb] ( coll> c be adju/$4 ,ea* coll> c be made #a in*es %ort] & #a in*es n>r[] ?an ! dim5sions giv54 ,sizes #e & #f are us$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 s]vice4 ,to %ort5 ! coll>1 take out ! bolt t fa/5s ! ext5sion to coll>-side1 & press ! ext5sion d[n into ! coll>-side "o or two holes z desir$1 & replace ! bolt4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fitt+ ,,coll>s4 ,,table ,,( ,,dim5sions4 -------------------------------------- ,l5g? ( ,wid? ,wid? at ,coll>4 ,d[n f ,top4,wide/ ,"p4 -------------------------------------- ,no4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 #a #af #e #g #b #ah #e #h #d #ai #f #h #e #ba #g #i #f #bb #g #i #g #bd #h #aj -------------------------------------- ,! wid? is *ang$ at ! top by us+ ! diff]5t pads & connections4 ,ea* pad has its own connection1 :i* =ms ! h+e at ! top ( ! coll>4 ,! coll> is tak5 9 at ! bottom by %ift+ ! bolt t holds ! buckle 9 ! side hav+ ! ?ree holes4 ,ea* pad1 connection1 & coll>-side has ! numb] d5ot+ its size /amp$ ^u x4 ,any ref]5ce to ! coll>-side h]eaft] w mean coll>-side & ext5sion put toge!r1 :i* =m ! coll>-side complete4 ,:5 x is necess>y to put a ,no4 #c pad1 ! l>ge/ size1 9 ! top ( ! coll>1 & adju/ ! bottom to ! middle or smalle/ size1 ! coll>-sides w h to be b5t at ! top "u ! eye en\gh to all[ ! coll> to close easily at ! bottom1 & :5 ! rev]se is want$ ! coll>-sides c be /raight5$4 ,9 mak+ ^! irregul> *anges be p>ticul> to get bo? sides ( ! coll> ! same l5g?1 s t x w close at ! bottom4 ,! sides c be easily twi/$ to make !m come toge!r ev5ly4 ,:5 x is necess>y to b5d ! ends ( ! pads to make !m fit closely to ! coll>-sides1 use a wood5 mallet4 ,if a hamm] is us$1 x w break ! z9c on ! galvaniz$ p>ts4 ,,! ,,artill]y-,,wagon ,,h>ness4 ,! same z regul> artill]y h>ness1 omitt+ ! saddles & sub/itut+ a back-/rap1 & replac+ ! curb-re9s & c\pl+-re9s by a set ( regul> driv+-re9s4 ,a f\r-9-h& :ip is also us$ ) ! h>ness4 ,,h>ness ,,weights4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,:eel4 ,lead4 ,no4 ,article4 -------------------------------- ,ne>4 ,(f4 ,ne>4 ,(f4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,lbs4 ,oz4,lbs4 ,oz4,lbs4 ,oz4,lbs4 ,oz4 #a ,halt] #b #f #b #f #b #f #b #f #a ,bridle #c #c #c #c #a ,c\pl+-/rap #aj #aj #a ,coll> #ae #ae #ae #ae #a ,brea/-/rap #a #ad #a #ad #a ,m>t+ale #a #d #a #d #b ,traces1 ) *a9s & mogul spr+s #aj #h #aj #h #aa #d #aa #d #a ,saddle complete #ag #aj #ag #aj #af #ad #af #ad #a ,saddle-bags1 pair ( #d #aj #d #aj #d #aj #d #aj #a ,bree*+ complete #e #d #e #d #a ,crupp] #b #h #b #h #a ,blanket #d #b #d #b #d #b #d #b #a ,leg-gu>d #b #aa #a ,:ip #ab -------------------------------- ,total #fi #a #ff #d #eh #ab #ei #f #a ,wat]+-bridle #a #a #a #a #a ,surc+le #ab #ab #ab #ab #a ,nose-bag #a #b #a #b #a #b #a #b -------------------------------- ,gr& total #ga #ae #fi #b #fa #aj #fb #d ,horse-bru% & currycomb weigh #a4cb lbs4 ,l>iat & picket-p9 weigh #c4ji ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,colt',s ,,revolv]1 ,,calibre 4#de4 ,?is revolv] is reta9$1 = ! pres5t1 = light batt]ies1 & exp]im5ts are n[ be+ made to asc]ta9 if a %ort] b>rel c n be advantage\sly us$4 ,,nom5clature4--7,a7 b>rel2 7,b7 frame2 7,b7 recoil-plate2 7,c7 cyl9d]2 7,,dd7 c5tre-p92 7,d7 c5tre-p9 bu%+2 7,e7 gu>d2 7,f7 back-/rap2 7,g7 hamm]2 7,h7 ma9spr+2 7,i7 hamm]-roll & rivet2 7,j7 hamm]-screw2 7,k7 hamm]-cam2 7,l7 h& & h&-spr+2 7,m7 bolt & screw2 7,n7 trigg] & screw2 7,o7 hamm]-not*es2 7,p7 fir+-p9 & rivet2 7,q7 ejector-rod & spr+2 7,q7 ejector-tube2 7,r7 ejector-head2 7,s7 ejector-tube screw2 7,t7 %ort gu>d-screw2 7,u7 se> & bolt-spr+ 7comb9$7 & screw2 7,v7 back-/rap screw2 7,w7 ma9spr+-screw2 7,x7 front sight2 7,y7 c5tre-p9 screw4 ,! two back-/rap screws j beh9d ! hamm]1 ! /ock1 ! long gu>d-screw1 gate1 gate-cat* screw1 gate-spr+1 & gate-cat* are n %[n 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4 ,to ,load4--,hold ! revolv] 9 ! left h&1 muzzle d[nw>d2 half-cock x ) ! "r h& & op5 ! gate4 ,ins]t ! c>tridges ) ! "r h&1 close ! gate1 & br+ ! hamm] to ! safety-not*4 ,keep x !re until ! revolv] is fir$4 ,to ,eject ! ,c>tridge-%ells4--,hold ! revolv] 9 ! left h&1 at ! half-cock1 & ) ! gate op54 ,eject ! %ells ) ! ejector1 pu%$ by ! "r h&1 turn+ ! cyl9d] ) ! ?umb & =e f+] ( ! left h&4 ,to ,dism\nt ! ,revolv]4--,half-cock ! revolv]1 loos5 ! c5tre-p9 cat*-screw1 draw out ! c5tre-p91 op5 ! gate1 & ! cyl9d] c !n be )drawn4 ,to remove ! ejector1 turn out ! ejector-tube screw1 !n pu% ! front end away f ! b>rel1 & pull x t[>ds ! muzzle4 ,! /ock c be remov$ by turn+ out ! two back-/rap screws j beh9d ! hamm]1 & t at ! bottom ( ! /rap4 ,remove ! ma9spr+ & gu>d3 ! p>ts ( ! lock c !n be readily sep>at$4 ,! c5tre-p9 bu%+ %\ld be pu%$ out = clean+4 ,to remove ! gate1 turn out ! gate-screw 9 ! l[] side ( ! frame 7hidd5 by ! gu>d72 !n ! gate-spr+ & cat* c be )drawn & ! gate pu%$ out4 ,to ,assemble ! ,revolv]4--,see ! directions = dism\nt+1 :i* %\ld be foll[$ 9 inv]se ord]4 ,! ma9spr+ is mo/ conv5i5tly m\nt$ by turn+ 9 ! screw "p way1 & !n sw++ ar\nd ! front end ( ! ma9spr+ until x be>s aga9/ ! "u side ( ! friction-roll4 ,! cyl9d]-bu%+ %\ld be frequ5tly remov$ = clean+4 ,dim5sions & ,weights4--,! foll[+ table gives ! pr9cipal dim5sions1 weights1 etc41 ( ! revolv]3 ,,dim5sions4 ,total l5g? #ab4e in*es4 ,l5g? ( b>rel #g4e ,diamet] ( bore #j4dde ,grooves--numb] #f twi/1 uni=m1 "o turn 9 7left-h&$7 #af dep?1 uni=m 4#jje 94 ,,weights4 ,total weight #b4e lbs4 ,weight ( p[d]-*>ge #bh grs4 ,weight ( bullet #bcj ,initial velocity #gcj ft4-sec4 ,! c>tridge-case is metallic c5tre-fire1 & resembles 9 its con/ruction ! rifle c>tridge4 ,rapidity ( ,fire4--,eighte5 r\nds 9 "o m9ute & fifty-f\r seconds1 beg9n+ & end+ ) *amb]s empty4 ,,p5etration ,,9 ,,:ite ,,p9e4 ,range1 yds #ej #ajj #aej #bjj #bej #cjj ,in*es #c #c #c #b #b #b ,,co/ ,,( ,,ammunition4 ,ball c>tridges #aj4jj p] #ajjj ,blank #h4cj ,,price-,,li/ ,,( ,,compon5t ,,p>ts ,,( ,,colt',s ,,revolv]4 ,compon5ts4 ,price4 ,frame #d #aj ,recoil-plate #je ,gate #ee ,gate-spr+ #ja ,gate-cat* #ja ,b>rel #a #fj ,front sight #je ,cyl9d] #a #fj ,c5tre-p9 #ah ,c5tre-p9 bu%+ #bj ,ejector-tube #a #je ,ejector-rod #ag ,ejector-head #be ,ejector-spr+ #jg ,hamm] #ee ,hamm]-cam #ja ,hamm]-roll #jb ,hamm]-roll rivet #ja ,fir+-p9 #je ,fir+-p9 rivet #ja ,gu>d #ej ,back-/rap #cj ,ma9spr+ #aj ,trigg] #aj ,bolt #aj ,h& #aj ,h&-spr+ #jb ,/ock #ce ,long gu>d screw 7#b71 #a;c4 ea4 #jb ,%ort gu>d-screw 7#b7 #jb ,back-/rap screw 7#c7 #jc ,hamm]-screw #je ,trigg]-screw #jd ,bolt-screw #jb ,c5tre-p9 screw #jb ,ejector-tube screw #jb ,gate-cat* screw #ja ,ma9spr+ screw #jb ,se>-spr+ screw #jb ,se>-spr+ #jb ,screw-driv] #aj ----- ,revolv] complete #ab #ej ,,all[ance ,,( ,,ammunition4 ,ea* enli/$ man & (fic] ( a batt]y is all[$ = revolv] practice ammunition to ! value ( #a4jj4 ,ea* batt]y is all[$ #ejjj r\nds ( blank ammunition4 ,batt]y comm&]s w keep a p]man5t record = ea* cal5d> ye> ( ! am\nt ( ammunition exp5d$ at ea* t>get practice4 ,ammunition n exp5d$ at ! end ( ! ye> 7,decemb] #ca7 is no long] available4 ,,hunt+-,,knife4 ,a model1 hav+ a blade #ab in*es long1 & simil> 9 %ape to ! regul> b[ie-knife1 is n[ "u consid]ation by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,c>e & ,fitt+1 etc41 ( ,h>ness4 ,c>e ( ,c>riages4 ,c>e ( ,guns4 ,c>e ( ,ammunition4 ,gu>d ,ord]s4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,pa9ts1 ,,oils1 ,,& ,,pa9t-,,bru%es4 ,pa9ts1 ,turp5t9es1 ,oils1 ,lacqu]s1 etc41 are kept 9 a room sep>ate f o!r /ores1 pref]ably a cell>4 ,! floor %\ld be cov]$ ) sev]al in*es ( f9e s&1 :i* %\ld be r5ew$ occasionally4 ,sawdu/ %\ld nev] be us$ = ! floor4 ,volatile ,oils1 su* z k]os5e or b5z9e1 mu/ nev] be kept /or$ 9 a room ) o!r oils & pa9ts1 b 9 su* place t ! lea/ possible dang] w arise 9 case ( fire4 ,pa9t-bru%es1 :5 new1 & be=e us+1 %\ld be wrapp$ ) /rong tw9e & soak$ 9 wat]4 ,aft] us+ !y %\ld be clean$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e & put away 9 a vessel conta9+ wat]1 9 ord] to keep !m pliable4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,lacqu]s1 ,,etc4 ,wat]pro( ,pa9t4--,a solution ( pure india-rubb] 9 l9se$-oil1 gr\nd ) pure graphite into a ?ick1 ela/ic1 smoo?ly fl[+ pa9t4 ,flexible ,pa9t = ,canvas4--,dissolve #b p\nds ( yell[ soap 9 #a gallons ( boil+ wat]4 ,gr9d :ile hot ) any good oil-pa9t4 ,v>ni% = ,h>ness4--,india-rubb]1 p\nd2 spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a gallon4 ,dissolve en\gh to make x a jelly2 !n take equal quantities ( good hot l9se$-oil & ! above mixture1 incorporate well ov] a sl[ fire1 & x is ready = use4 ,l9se$-oil ,v>ni%4--,boil any quantity ( l9se$-oil = an h\r1 /ir 9 until dissolv$ #d ounces ( p[d]$ ros9 to ea* p\nd ( oil2 !n add #a ounce spirits ( turp5t9e to ea* p\nd ( oil2 cool & /ra94 ,x is *eap1 a good pres]vative ( wood1 & /&s hot wat] well4 ,lacqu] = ,iron ,ordnance4--,coal-t> 7( good quality71 #b gallons2 spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a p9t2 ! turp5t9e to be add$ 9 small quantities dur+ ! application ( ! lacqu]4 ,! surface ( ! metal mu/ be fir/ clean$ ) a scrap] & a wire bru%1 if necess>y1 & ! lacqu] appli$ hot1 9 two ?9 coats1 ) a pa9t-bru%4 ,lacqu] = ,bright ,ironwork4--,boil$ l9se$-oil1 #hj4e p>ts2 li?>ge1 #e4e p>ts2 :ite lead gr\nd 9 oil1 #aa4be p>ts2 pulv]iz$ ros91 #b4ge p>ts4 ,add ! li?>ge to ! oil2 let x simm] ov] a sl[ fire = ?ree h\rs2 /ra9 x & add ! ros9 & :ite lead2 keep x g5tly w>m$1 & /ir until ! ros9 is dissolv$4 ,apply x ) a pa9t-bru%4 ,lacqu] = ,brasswork4--,alcohol 7#ie71 #b ounces2 se$-lac1 #a ounce4 ,put 9 glass = six days1 expos$ to ! light2 %ake well once ea* day4 ,apply ) bru% :ile "w is hot4 ,to ,atta* ,lea!r to ,metal4--,coat ! metal ) a hot solution ( glue & ! lea!r ) a hot solution ( nut-galls4 ,,directions ,,= ,,clean+ ,,m\ldy ,,lea!r4 ,fir/4 ,wa% ?or\ghly 9 soap-suds ) a bru%1 s z to remove all dirt & m\ld4 ,second4 ,sponge ) clean wat]1 & be=e ! lea!r dries apply ) a sponge ti$ to a h&le a solution ( ammonia & wat] 9 equal p>ts1 us+ #d ,fs4 ammonia4 ,?ird4 ,apply1 :5 dry1 a coat ( lea!r black+4 7,a good black+ c be made by plac+ 9 #e gallons ( be/ cid] v9eg> p\nd ( pulv]iz$ nut-galls1 #b p\nds ( copp]as1 #a p\nd ( iron fil+s or *ips1 & lett+ x /& = five days be=e use1 /irr+ c>efully f "t to "t47 ,f\r?4 ,aft] ! lea!r is dry apply a good coat+ ( oil--#a "p ( k]os5e & #d p>ts ( neat's-foot4 ,apply freely s z to s(t5 ! lea!r1 & let x dry suffici5tly4 ,fif?4 ,bru% ! pieces well1 & put on ) a sponge a ?9 coat ( gum tragacan?1 dissolv+ p\nd ( gum 9 #a gallon ( w>m wat]4 ,aft] dry+ ! lea!r %\ld be repack$1 if desir$ to /ore x4 ,h>ness 9 use :i* becomes h>d f p]spiration or f be+ wet %\ld be wa%$1 oil$1 & rubb$ z above1 )\t apply+ ! solution ( ammonia1 or ( black+ unless ! lea!r has become r$di%4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,h>ness4 ,! e/imat$ life ( a set ( artill]y h>ness is sev5 ye>s4 ,h>ness1 aft] be+ us$1 mu/ be c>efully wip$ & clean$2 if possible1 ?is is done be=e tak+ x (f ! horse2 o!rwise x is put 9 good ord] at ! e>lie/ practicable mom5t1 & cov]$ ) ! sack4 ,/raps & lea!r p>ts g5]ally are kept s(t & supple2 trace-*a9s & iron p>ts free f ru/4 ,coll>s & saddles w be air$ & kept p]fectly clean4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 keep+ ! coll> :]e x be>s aga9/ ! horse 9 p]fect ord]4 ,h>ness %\ld be oil$ two or ?ree times a ye> if necess>y4 ,! be/ oil = ?is use is neat's-foot oil1 ! unctu\s prop]ty ( :i* is p>ticul>ly suitable = pres]v+ ! suppl5ess ( ! lea!r2 ?is oil conta9s no siccative "p1 & may be us$ unpurifi$4 ,f\r p9ts & a half w oil ! h>ness ( a team ( ?ree pairs4 ,to keep x f becom+ rancid1 use #a "p k]os5e to #d p>ts neat's-foot4 ,be=e us+ ! oil e "p ( ! lea!r mu/ be p]fectly clean$ & wa%$1 )\t lett+ ! wat] soak deeply into ! lea!r2 :ile /ill damp black5 ) dye ^? places :i* h become r$2 :5 ! lea!r beg9s to dry1 oil x1 spread+ ! oil on ) a sponge or ?ick1 s(t bru%4 ,:5 neat's-foot oil _c be _h1 pure fi%-oil may be us$1 b x mu/ be c>efully asc]ta9$ t x does n conta9 any siccative matt]1 :i* w\ld make x injuri\s4 ,o!r oils may be usefully employ$1 z :ale-oil1 :5 !y c be gott5 pure2 ?is is n easily done1 x be+ h>d to detect ! frauds4 ,vegetable oils are v hurtful4 ,z good oil _c always be _h1 a mixture ( ?ree qu>t]s ( melt$ l>d & "o qu>t] ( :ale-oil may be us$ 9 em]g5cies2 x %\ld be spread ov] ! lea!r ) a piece ( wooll5 clo?1 & well rubb$ 94 ,black+ = h>ness & dress+s are giv5 "u ,m\nta9 ,artill]y1 p4 #fa4 ,! prep>$ h>ness-oil manufactur$ at ,rock ,isl& ,ars5al is pack$ 9 t9s #d #d #h in*es1 ea* conta9+ #f p\nds ( oil4 ,tw5ty-five t9s are pack$ 9 a box4 ,k]os5e is good = clean+ ru/ f iron p>ts1 & !n use sp]m-oil4 ,to pa9t metal p>ts1 use asphaltum pa9t4 ,be=e apply+ c>e %\ld be tak5 t e p>ticle ( ru/ is remov$2 !n give two light coats1 all[+ pl5ty ( "t = ! fir/ coat to dry4 ,colgate's black h>ness soap & ,frank ,mill]'s h>ness soap ,no4 #b are excell5t = keep+ h>ness clean & s(t ) little tr\ble4 ,frank ,mill]'s h>ness soap & asphaltum pa9t c be obta9$ f ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,rec5t ord]s f ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t =bid ! use ( any dress+s o!r ?an ^? furni%$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ! field !re w n usually be mu* "t or _m mat]ials available = clean+ h>ness4 ,ru/ %\ld be clean$ (f ironwork ) s&1 k]os5e1 etc41 ! ironwork be+ !n oil$4 ,lea!r %\ld be kept s(t & pliable by hav+ a small quantity ( s(t soap1 if prop] oil be n on h&1 work$ into x1 mud & sweat be+ fir/ remov$ ) z little wat] z possible4 ,! blanket mu/ be kept clean1 & fold$ to lie p]fectly smoo? on ! horse's back4 ,inspect ! coll> & see t its be>+ surface is free f dirt1 dri$ hair1 etc41 be=e putt+ x on ! horse1 & at e opportunity4 ,! necessity = repairs w be report$ imm$iately1 & ! repairs w be made by ! saddl] at ! e>lie/ practicable mom5t4 ,9 g>rison h>ness is wip$ (f aft] ea* drill1 & is c>efully clean$ once a weak4 ,a good driv] %\ld clean 8 h>ness ?or\ghly 9 f #a to #a h\rs1 especially if provid$ ) a tre/le on :i* to spread x out4 ,fir/ remove all du/ & dirt ) a damp clo?1 disconnect+ all ( ! p>ts = t purpose4 ,!n apply ei!r soap or dress+ ) a sponge1 wett+ ! sponge ) wat] :5 us+ ! soap4 ,h>ness-pegs4--,h>ness-pegs = ea* pair are arrang$ 9 ! walls ( ! h>ness-room or 9 ! heel-po/s ( ! /alls4 ,!re %\ld be ?ree pegs = ea* d\ble set ( h>ness1 ! upp] "o = ! pole-yoke1 ) ! m>t+ales atta*$1 ! bridles1 & coll>s2 ! next = ! (f h>ness1 & ! l[] "o = ! ne> h>ness4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,h>ness ,,on ,,pegs4 ,on ! ,upp] ,peg4--,fir/1 ! pole-yoke1 ) ! m>t+ales atta*$1 next to ! po/ or wall2 !n ! bridle & coll> ( ! ne> horse2 !n ! bridle & coll> ( ! (f horse1 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,on ! ,middle ,peg4--,! (f h>ness2 ! traces1 :i* are deta*$1 are hung ov] ! peg close to ! heel-po/2 ! saddle1 ) its atta*m5ts ov] ! seat1 is plac$ on ! peg4 ,on ! ,l[] ,peg4--,! leg-gu>d is slipp$ ov] ?is peg1 & ! ne> h>ness is plac$ on x1 z describ$ above = ! (f h>ness4 ,ea* hair-pad is plac$ on top ( its saddle4 ,! saddle-clo?s1 be+ design$ only = occasions ( c]emony1 are kept :]ev] direct$ by ! batt]y comm&]1 & issu$ :5 x is int5d$ to use !m4 ,,to ,,h>ness ,,9 ,,g>rison1 ,,:eel4 ,coll>4--,ea* :eel-driv] puts on & locks ! coll> ( 8 (f horse4 ,pad4--,he puts on ! hair-pad1 & also ! saddle-clo? if x is to be us$4 ,if ! saddle-blanket is us$ in/ead ( ! hair-pad1 x w be fold$ & put on z describ$4 ,saddle4--,he puts on ! saddle1 ) its atta*m5ts1 tak+ c>e n to displace ! pad or blanket1 adju/s & secures ! gir?1 buckles ! coll>-/rap to ! saddle1 & !n adju/s ! bree*+ & buckles ! crupp]4 ,traces4--,he takes ! traces f ! peg1 passes !m ?r\gh ! lo9-loops1 atta*es ! re> ends to ! s+le-tree1 :i* is hang+ on ! cantle-hook1 & !n ! front ends to ! coll>1 beg9n+ ) ! (f trace2 ! ne> trace w be laid on ! saddle :ile atta*+ ! o!r4 ,bridle4--,he puts on ! bridle & secures ! c\pl+-re9 to ! mang]4 ,he !n passes ! re9s ?r\gh ! roll]4 ,coll>4--,ea* :eel-driv] beg9s to h>ness 8 ne> horse1 z prescrib$ = h>ness+ ! (f horse1 at ! comm& ,coll>4 ,pad1 etc4--,same = ! ne> horse z = ! (f horse1 omitt+ ! directions = ! c\pl+-re9 & roll]4 ,yoke4--,! :eel-driv] puts on 8 leg-gu>d1 & !n1 go+ to ! front ( 8 horses1 backs !m out ( ! /all1 places !m side by side1 fac+ ! exit1 & beg9n+ ) ! (f horse atta*es ! ne> yoke by means ( ! brea/-/raps1 !n passes ! m>t+ales betwe5 ! =e legs & ?r\gh ! /&+ loop on ! c9*a1 & atta*es ! hooks at ! end ( ! side-/raps to ! m>t+ale ,d r+1 & !n /&s to horse4 ,to back out 8 pair1 ! :eel-driv] unfa/5s ! c\pl+-re91 !n /&s ) 8 back to ! mang]1 takes ! re9s ( ! ne> horse 9 8 "r h& & ^? ( ! (f horse 9 8 left h& ne> ! bit1 & backs ! pair into ! gangway4 ,9 s+le /alls1 sep>at$ by p>titions1 ea* horse mu/ be back$ out by himself4 ,h>ness1 ,lead & ,sw+4--,! lead-& sw+-driv]s h>ness 9 ! same mann] z :eel-driv]s1 ) su* omissions z are requir$ by ! diff]5ce 9 ! h>ness4 ,! traces are pass$ ?r\gh ! lo9-/rap loops1 ! front ends atta*$ to ! coll>s1 & !y are !n truss$ by br++ ! re> ends =w>d & pass+ ! toggle ?r\gh ! r+4 ,! lead & sw+ pairs are n turn$ ar\nd nor back$ into ! gangway aft] h>ness+ unless x is int5d$ to lead out4 ,,to ,,unh>ness4 ,unyoke4--,beg9n+ ) 8 ne> horse1 ea* :eel-driv] deta*es ! hooks at ! end ( ! side-/raps f ! m>t+ale-r+ & draws ! m>t+ale f ! /&+ loop on ! c9*a2 he !n unhooks ! inside end ( ea* brea/-/rap1 deta*es ! neck-yoke1 & hangs x up on its peg4 ,unbridle4--,he unc\ples 8 horses1 leads !m into ! /all1 secures ! c\pl+-re9 ( ! (f horse to ! mang]1 unbridles 8 ne> horse1 puts on ! halt] & ties ! halt]-/rap to ! mang]1 hangs up ! bridle1 & takes (f 8 leg-gu>d & places x on ! peg4 ,coll> (f4--,he unbuckles ! coll>-/rap1 deta*es ! front ends ( traces f ! coll>1 removes ! coll> & hangs x on its peg4 ,traces (f4--,he unhooks ! traces f ! s+le-tree1 takes !m (f & hangs !m on _! peg4 ,unsaddle4--,he unbuckles & frees ! crupp]1 dis5gages ! gir?1 places ! bree*+ & !n ! gir? on ! saddle1 takes (f ! saddle & places x on its peg ) ! saddle-pad on top4 ,unbridle4--,ea* :eel-driv] unfa/5s ! c\pl+-re91 unbridles 8 (f horse1 puts on ! halt]1 ties its /rap to ! mang]1 & hangs up ! bridle4 ,coll> (f1 etc4--,! (f h>ness is tak5 (f 9 ! same ord] z ! ne> h>ness4 ,,to ,,unh>ness ,,9 ,,! ,,field4 ,)\t ,h>ness-racks4--,! pole-prop is plac$ "u ! end ( ! pole2 ! s+le-trees are left atta*$ to ! d\ble-trees2 ! :eel-traces are unhit*$ f ! coll>s only1 & laid ov] ! *e/ f front to re>1 or on ! foot-bo>d2 ! coll>s ( ! :eel-team on top ( ! limb]-*e/ 7paul9s hav+ be5 remov$7 next to ! rail on ! ne> side1 ! sw+-coll>s 9 ! middle1 & ! lead-coll>s next to ! o!r rail2 ! coll> ( ! (f horse is plac$ on top ( t ( ! ne> horse ( ! same team2 ! rema9d] ( ! h>ness is plac$ on ! pole1 t ( ! ne> :eel-horse next to ! d\ble-tree & z close to x z possible1 next t ( ! (f :eel-horse1 bo? 9 ! ord] laid d[n = ! :eel-h>ness2 ! traces ( ! lead-& sw+-h>ness 7fold$ once7 are laid ov] ! pole2 !n on top ( !m ! saddles1 ) ! atta*m5ts ov] !m1 s z n to re/ on ! gr\nd4 ,! neck-yoke is plac$ on ! foot-bo>d4 ,to ,hook ! ,s+le-tree4--,hold ! s+le-tree ) ! eye d[n & aga9/ ! side ( ! cantle-hook2 !n pu% x sidewise f> en\gh s t ! eye w pass ov] ! cantle-hook2 !n let ! s+le-tree fall to ! re>4 ,?is c be done f ei!r side4 ,to ,fold ! ,saddle-blanket4--,! blanket1 aft] be+ well %ak51 w be fold$ into six ?icknesses1 z foll[s3 ,hold x well up by ! two corn]s1 ! long way up & d[n2 d\ble x l5g?wise 7s t ! fold w come betwe5 ! ,u & ,s71 ! fold$ corn] 7middle ( ! blanket7 9 ! left h&2 take ! fold$ corn] betwe5 ! ?umb & =e f+] ( ! "r h&1 ?umb po9t+ to ! left2 slip ! left h& d[n ! fold$ edge two ?irds its l5g? & seize x ) ! ?umb & second f+]2 raise ! h&s to ! height ( ! %\ld]s1 ! blanket betwe5 !m ext5d$2 br+ ! h&s toge!r1 ! d\ble fold fall+ outw>d2 pass ! fold$ corn] f ! "r h& into ! left h& betwe5 ! ?umb & =e f+]2 slip ! second f+] ( ! "r h& betwe5 ! folds & seize ! d\ble fold$ corn]2 turn ! left 7dis5gag$7 corn] 9 & seize x ) ! ?umb & =e f+] ( ! "r h&1 ! second f+] ( ! "r h& /ret*+ & ev5+ ! folds2 aft] ev5+ ! folds grasp ! corn]s 9 ! h&s & %ake ! blanket well 9 ord] to smoo? ! folds2 raise ! blanket & place x betwe5 ! *9 & ! brea/2 slip ! h&s d[n half-way1 ! fir/ two f+]s outside1 ! o!r f+]s & ?umb ( ea* h& inside2 seize ! blanket ) ! ?umbs & fir/ two f+]s2 let ! "p "u ! *9 fall =w>d2 hold ! blanket up1 arms ext5d$1 ev5 ! l[] edges1 seize ! middle po9ts betwe5 ! ?umbs & =e f+]s1 & flirt ! outside "p ov] ! "r arm2 ! blanket is ?us held be=e plac+ x on ! horse4 ,to ,put on ! ,blanket4--,approa* ! horse on ! ne> 7left7 side1 ) ! blanket fold$ & held z j prescrib$2 place x well =w>d on 8 back1 toss+ ! "p ( ! blanket ov] ! "r arm to ! "r side ( ! horse1 /ill keep+ hold ( ! middle po9ts2 slide ! blanket once or twice f front to re> to smoo? ! hair1 be+ c>eful to raise ! blanket 9 br++ x =w>d2 place ! =e f+] ( ! left h& on ! )]s1 & =e f+] ( ! "r h& on ! backbone1 ! blanket smoo?2 x w !n be well =w>d1 ) ! edges on ! left side2 remove ! locks ( ! mane t may be "u x4 ,to ,saddle4--,place ! pad or blanket on ! horse z previ\sly expla9$2 seize ! pommel ( ! saddle ) ! left h& & ! cantle ) ! "r2 approa* ! horse on ! ne> side f ! direction ( ! cr\p & place ! c5tre ( ! saddle on ! middle ( ! horse's back s x w fit close to x2 let d[n ! c9*a-/rap & c9*a2 pass by ! horse's head to ! (f side1 adju/ ! c9*a & /raps1 & see t ! pad or blanket is smoo?2 return to ! ne> side by ! head1 raise ! pad or blanket slightly "u ! pommel-ar* s t ! )]s may n be compress$2 take ! c9*a-/rap 9 ! "r h&1 rea* "u ! horse & seize ! c9*a-r+ ) ! left h&1 pass ! end ( ! /rap ?r\gh ! r+ f und]nea? 7f inside to outside71 !n up & ?r\gh ! upp] r+ f ! outside2 if necess>y1 make ano!r fold 9 ! same mann]4 ,! /rap is fa/5$ z foll[s3 ,pass ! end ?r\gh ! upp] r+ to ! front2 seize x ) ! left h&2 place ! f+]s ( ! "r betwe5 ! outside folds ( ! /rap2 pull f ! horse ) ! "r h& & take up ! slack ) ! left2 cross ! /rap ov] ! folds1 pass ! end ( x1 ) ! "r h&1 und]nea? & ?r\gh ! upp] r+ back ( ! folds1 !n d[n & "u ! loop t crosses ! folds1 & draw x tightly2 weave ! end into ! /r&s ( ! c9*a-/rap1 betwe5 ! r+s4 ,ano!r me?od ( fa/5+ ! c9*a-/rap is z foll[s3 ,pass ! end ?r\gh ! upp] r+ to ! re>2 seize x ) ! "r h&2 place ! f+]s ( ! left betwe5 ! out] folds ( ! /rap2 pull f ! horse ) ! left h& & take up ! slack ) ! "r2 pass ! end ( ! /rap und]nea? & draw x ?r\gh ! upp] r+ until a loop is =m$2 d\ble ! loose end ( ! /rap & pu% x ?r\gh ! loop & draw ! loop taut4 ,! free end %\ld !n be long en\gh to conv5i5tly seize ) ! h&4 ,hav+ fa/5$ ! c9*a-/rap1 let d[n ! "r /irrup1 !n ! left4 ,! surc+le is !n buckl$ ov] ! saddle & %\ld be a little loos] ?an ! c9*a4 ,! c9*a :5 fir/ ti$ %\ld admit a f+] betwe5 x & ! belly4 ,aft] ex]cis+ = a :ile ! c9*a w be f\nd too loose & %\ld be tight5$4 ,to ,put on ! ,curb-bridle4--,take ! re9s 9 ! "r1 ! cr[npiece 9 ! left1 h&2 approa* ! horse on ! ne> side1 pass+ ! "r h& along ! neck2 slip ! re9s ov] 8 head & let !m re/ on 8 neck2 take ! cr[npiece 9 ! "r h& & ! l[] left bran* ( ! bit 9 ! left h&1 ! =e f+] aga9/ ! m\?piece2 br+ ! cr[npiece 9 front ( & slightly bel[ its prop] position2 ins]t ! ?umb ( ! left h& into ! side ( ! m\? above ! tu%2 press op5 ! l[] jaw2 ins]t ! bit by rais+ ! cr[npiece2 ) ! left h& draw ! e>s g5tly "u ! cr[npiece1 beg9n+ ) ! left e>2 arrange ! =elock2 secure ! ?roat-lat* & !n ! curb-/rap1 tak+ c>e n to set !m too closely4 ,! m\?piece1 :i* %\ld fit ! wid? ( ! horse's m\?1 re/s on t "p ( ! b>s directly opposite ! *9-groove2 ! curb-/rap w !n lie 9 ! *9-groove1 )\t any t5d5cy to m\nt up out ( x on ! %>p bones ( ! l[] jaw4 ,?is position ( ! m\?piece w be atta9$ = ! majority ( horses by adju/+ ! *eek-/raps s t ! m\?piece w be "o in* above ! tu%es ( geld+s & two in*es above ! corn] tee? ( m>es4 ,! ?roat-lat* %\ld admit f\r f+]s betwe5 x & ! ?roat2 ?is prev5ts any con/riction ( ! w9dpipe or pressure on ! l>ge blood-vessels4 ,! curb-/rap or *a91 :i* %\ld be ( wid? to fit ! *9-groove1--n ov] ?ree f\r?s ( an in*1--%\ld fit smoo?ly ! *9-groove1 & be loose en\gh to admit "o or two f+]s :5 ! bran*es ( ! bit are 9 l9e ) ! *eek-/rap4 ,if ! bridle be put on ov] ! head-/all1 ! hit*+-/rap1 if n left at ! mang] or picket-l9e1 w be ti$ ar\nd ! neck4 ,! hit*+-/rap may also be arrang$ z foll[s3 ,loop x two or ?ree times ?r\gh ! r+ s t ! loop may be ab\t #h in*es long2 w9d ! /rap sev]al times ar\nd ! loops & draw ! end tightly ?r\gh !m4 ,,fitt+ ,,h>ness4 ,! bridle & saddle are fitt$ z prescrib$4 ,! ,coll>1 :5 adju/$1 %\ld admit ! flat ( ! h& betwe5 ! l[] "p & ! ?roat1 & ! f+]s betwe5 ! sides & ! neck4 ,a %ort coll> *okes a horse by press+ on ! w9dpipe2 a n>r[ "o p9*es & rubs ! neck4 ,a broad coll> works ab\t & galls ! %\ld]s4 ,! ,back-/rap1 :5 adju/$1 %\ld admit ! bread? ( ! h& betwe5 x & ! horse's back4 ,! ,coll>-/rap %\ld n be tight2 o!rwise x w\ld pull ! saddle =w>d on ! )]s4 ,! surc+le1 :5 us$1 %\ld be buckl$ on ! ne> side ( ! ne> horse & on ! (f side ( ! (f horse1 less tight ?an1 & ov]1 ! gir?4 ,! ,bree*-/rap %\ld be adju/$ s t :5 ! horse is pull+ !re w be a space ( ab\t f\r in*es betwe5 ! bree*-/rap & ! horse's qu>t]s4 ,! ,hip-/rap %\ld be ( su* l5g? t ! bree*-/rap w be a little bel[ ! po9t ( ! buttocks1 or ab\t #ab or #ae in*es bel[ ! top ( ! dock4 ,! ,lo9-/raps %\ld be adju/$ s t ! :eel-traces1 :5 9 draught1 w be /raight & )\t d[nw>d pull on ! loops t support !m4 ,! lo9-/raps ( sw+-& lead-horses %\ld raise ! traces ab\t six in*es above ! /ifle-jo9t :5 9 draught4 ,9 ?is position ! l9e ( ! traces f front to re> w be /raight1 & ! loops ( ! lo9-/raps w support ! traces )\t draw+ !m up4 ,! ,side-/raps %\ld be s adju/$ t :5 ! horse is sitt+ back 7/opp+ ! c>riage7 no /ra9 comes on ! coll>2 ! action %\ld be p]=m$ by ! horse sitt+ back into ! bree*+ & !reby *eck+ ! mom5tum ( ! c>riage by means ( ! side-/raps1 m>t+ale1 & neck-yoke4 ,?is is ! mo/ important adju/m5t ( all4 ,! ,traces4--,! l5g? ( ! traces mu/ dep5d 9 a great measure on ! size ( ! horse & 8 /ride4 ,= ! :eel-team ! rule is to all[ ab\t #ad in*es f s+le-tree to h9dqu>t]s1 & = sw+-& lead-teams "o y>d f nose to cr\p :5 9 draught4 ,! traces %\ld be adju/$ s t ! l9e ( traction w be unbrok5 f ! s+le-tree to ! coll>s ( ! lead]s1 & ?is rule w regulate1 9 "s measure1 ! l5g? ( ! lo9-/raps1 ! mat*+ ( ! horses1 & arrangem5t ( ! pairs z :eel1 sw+1 & lead pair2 ?is %\ld be su* z to make ! wa/e ( =ce z small z possible4 ,all front trace-*a9s are p]man5tly fa/5$ to ! traces1 & h a toggle at ! end4 ,all re> trace-*a9s h a r+ at "o end & a hook at ! o!r2 ! hook is pass$ ?r\gh ! ,d r+ at ! end ( ! trace1 & hook$ back into any desir$ l9k4 ,by ?is means ! l5g? ( ! trace is adju/$1 & ! re> trace-*a9 ne$ n be remov$ except = clean+4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,c>riages4 ,9 g>rison c>riages mu/ be kept 9 ! gun-%$s4 ,9 ! field !y %\ld be p>k$1 if possible1 on dry gr\nd1 furr[s be+ cut1 if necess>y1 to prev5t ! accumulation ( wat] ar\nd !m4 ,!y %\ld be cov]$ ) ! paul9s4 ,e c>riage %\ld be c>efully exam9$ ea* day aft] m>*+ into camp1 & e defect & damage !n not$ & correct$ z soon z possible4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! way ( clean+1 adju/m5t1 etc41 %\ld be look$ to1 s t ! c>riages may be ready z soon z possible to turn out aga9 9 p]fect ord]4 ,to keep :eels 9 good work+ ord]1 !y %\ld be slightly greas$ aft] ea* day's m>*1 & any old grease :i* has work$ out at ! %\ld] ( ! axle scrap$ (f4 ,9 g>rison ?is is done ea* drill-day by ! cannone]s :ile ! driv]s are hit*+ up1 fir/ wip+ !m (f ) cotton wa/e & !n apply+ a little grease or sp]m-oil4 ,:5 x is necess>y to remove a :eel1 x %\ld nev] be ?r[n ^u ! gr\nd1 nor ! po9t ( ! axle all[$ to re/ ^u ! latt]4 ,! elevat+-ge> %\ld be kept clean$ & oil$1 & also ! trunnion be>+s1 z f> z may be )\t dism\nt+ ! gun4 ,%\ld ! elevat+-screw fail to "w freely1 x mu/ be exam9$1 & if ! ?reads are ind5t$ on ! edges !y mu/ be c>efully fil$ d[n4 ,9 long m>*es a little grease %\ld be plac$ on ea* p9tle-hook1 s t ! lunette may "w freely on x4 ,grease = ,c>riage-:eels4--,hog's l>d s(t5$1 if fre%1 by work+ x4 ,if ?is _c be procur$1 tall[ or o!r grease may be us$2 if h>d1 x %\ld be melt$ ) fi%-oil4 ,ab\t "o p\nd ( grease is requir$ = f\r :eels4 ,^? fitt+s ( c>riages ^u :i*1 on acc\nt ( friction1 etc41 pa9t _c be kept %\ld be well oil$ to prev5t ru/+2 ?is is also necess>y ) l9*-p9s1 keys1 etc41 to keep !m free f ! liability ( jamm+4 ,bright p>ts are kept 9 good ord] by apply+ ) a bru% or clo? a mixture ( #a p\nd ( :ite lead & p\nd tall[ or l>d heat$ & mix$ toge!r4 ,x is easily remov$ ) a clo? & a little turp5t9e4 ,lea!r /rapp+ mu/ be kept s(t & pliable4 ,cotton wa/e & ,putz pomade are suppli$ = keep+ bright p>ts 9 good ord]4 ,articles c>ri$ 9 ! boxes require exam9ation to see t !y are p]fect4 ,sponges :i* h be5 9 use ought to be wa%$ & dri$ z f> z possible1 ! cov]s n be+ put on until q dry4 ,pa9t+ ,c>riages4--,wood5 p>ts1 & ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! /eel c>riage1 are pa9t$ olive-color2 ! o!r p>ts black4 ,:5ev] !re is an appe>ance ( ru/ "u ! pa9t ( ! /eel gun-c>riage1 x %\ld n /& until ! annual pa9t+1 b be clean$ (f at once & repa9t$4 ,be=e pa9t+ a c>riage x mu/ be dry1 ?or\ghly clean1 & free f grease4 ,x w n be necess>y to scrape (f ! old pa9t :]e x is s\nd & firm1 b all bli/]s1 p]i%$ pa9t1 & ru/ on ironwork mu/ be scrap$ (f4 ,:]e ! wood is b>e ( pa9t1 x %\ld h ?ree coats4 ,?is pat*+ %\ld be done be=e ! f9al coat is put on4 ,"o coat is suffici5t = ! annual pa9t+4 ,to remove old pa9t1 use a pa/e ( soda & quicklime1 equal p>ts1 made by dissolv+ soda 9 wat] & !n add+ lime4 ,apply ) a bru%1 & aft] a few m9utes wa% (f ) hot wat]4 ,wa% ) v9eg> or an acid solution be=e repa9t+ to remove all traces ( ! alkali4 ,sponges1 ramm]s1 & h&spikes are n pa9t$4 ,9 tak+ a batt]y 9 h& = repair x %\ld fir/ be /ripp$ ( all ! /ores1 ! :ole ( ! /rapp+ & fix$ lea!r tak5 (f1 & ! c>riage ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,all metalwork requir+ repairs %\ld be att5d$ to at once2 also canvas & lea!rwork4 ,! pa9t is suppli$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,guns4 ,pa9t = ,field-guns4--,?is quantity w pa9t #be guns4 ,x comes 9 t9s m>k$ ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b1 & is furni%$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,,fir/ ,,coat4 ,v5etian r$ #a p\nds ,ox=d yell[ or ,fr5* yell[ p\nd ,graphite #f ounces ,liquid dry] #a p9t ,japan gold-size #a ,turp5t9e spirits #a qu>t ,to be well gr\nd & /ra9$ be=e us+4 ,,second ,,coat4 ,v5etian r$ #a p\nds ,ox=d yell[ or ,fr5* yell[ p\nd ,graphite #f ounces ,sug> ( lead #b ,liquid dry] p9t ,japan gold-size #a ,v>ni% 7copal outside7 #a qu>t ,turp5t9e spirits p9t ,to be well gr\nd & /ra9$ be=e us+4 ,all grease mu/ be c>efully remov$ f ! gun be=e application4 ,! pa9t %\ld be all[$ at lea/ #dh h\rs to h>d5 aft] ! fir/ coat be=e apply+ ! second1 & twice t long 7#if h\rs7 aft] ! second coat be=e h&l+4 ,guns %\ld ord9>ily be pa9t$ once a ye>4 ,x is injuri\s to ! me*anism to frequ5tly dism\nt x1 z ! p>ts are d5t$ by be+ dropp$1 screw-?reads injur$1 etc4 ,!y %\ld at all times be kept 9 good ord] & free f ru/ & du/1 p>ticul> att5tion be+ paid to ! bree* me*anism4 ,animal oil %\ld n be us$2 fi%-oil & cosmol9e are be/4 ,! use ( l>d-oil is injuri\s1 & 9 cold wea!r =ms a /iff wax ov] all p>ts4 ,cotton wa/e & cosmol9e are suppli$ = ?is purpose by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 & ! cosmol9e %\ld be freely us$ 9 ! bore1 bree*1 & on bree* me*anism4 ,bright p>ts are pres]v$ by apply+ ) a bru% or clo? a mixture ( #a p\nd :ite lead & p\nd tall[ or l>d-oil heat$ & mix$ toge!r4 ,x c easily be remov$ ) a clo? & a little turp5t9e4 ,ma*9e-guns4--,keep 9 dry /oreh\se1 cov]$ & well oil$ ) a mixture ( equal p>ts ( sp]m-oil & k]os5e-oil4 ,e two or ?ree days !y %\ld be wip$ (f1 a rag pass$ ?r\gh ! b>rels1 & fre% oil appli$4 ,! use ( em]y clo? or sc\r+ mat]ial mu/ be avoid$4 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,ammunition4 ,ammunition = field-pieces is put up 9 wood5 boxes s pa9t$ z to indicate _! cont5ts1 viz43 = %ell1 black2 = %rapnel1 r$2 = cani/]1 light drab4 ,! k9d ( ammunition is also m>k$ on ! end ( ! box1 & ! place & date ( manufacture on ! inside ( ! cov]4 ,ea* box conta9s t5 projectiles4 ,projectiles1 except b&s & fuzes1 are pa9t$ z foll[s3 ,%rapnel1 ) ,po9t-*>ge4--,body black2 head v]milion4 ,%rapnel1 ) ,base-*>ge4--,body1 f b& to include #c_/e ( head1 black2 rema9d] ( head & "p ( body 9 re> ( b&1 v]milion4 ,cani/]4--,:olly black4 ,%ell 7,ca/-iron74--,body1 includ+ l5g? ( head1 black2 rema9d] ( head1 next to po9t1 v]milion4 ,! fuze-holes %\ld be /opp$ ) t[ or cotton wa/e1 & ! projectiles %\ld be kept "u cov] 9 a dry place4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 h&l+ projectiles to avoid injur+ ! b&s4 ,projectiles = field-guns are n[ issu$1 *>g$ & fuz$ = s]vice1 f ! ars5als4 ,%ells ( field-mort>s %\ld n be kept *>g$4 ,?is is done z occasion requires :5 fir+1 & ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 be=e ins]t+ ! fuze t ! ?reads ( bo? fuze & fuze-hole are p]fectly free f du/1 grit1 & p[d]2 & :5 assembl$ ! fuze mu/ be screw$ tight home4 ,p[d]4--,:5 made c>tridges are n suppli$1 ! p[d] is 9 wood5 b>rels1 or 9 b>rels ( corrugat$ metal ) bronze screw-caps1 ea* conta9+ #ajj p\nds4 ,on ! heads are /5cill$ ! numb] ( ! b>rel1 ! "n ( ! manufactur]1 ye> ( fabrication1 k9d ( p[d]1 ! mean initial velocity & pressure p] squ>e in* on ! pressure-pi/on4 ,ea* "t ! p[d] is prov$ ! initial velocity is m>k$ bel[ ! =m] pro(-m>ks1 & ! date ( trial opposite x4 ,b>rels ( diff]5t k9ds ( p[d] are pil$ sep>ately1 &1 besides be+ record$ 9 ! magaz9e-book1 ea* p>cel is m>k$ ) a c>d %[+ ! k9d & ! entries & issues4 ,9 ! magaz9e ! b>rels are plac$ on _! sides1 g5]ally ?ree ti]s high1 or f\r ti]s if absolutely necess>y4 ,small skids are plac$ on ! floor & betwe5 ! sev]al ti]s1 & ! b>rels *ock$ at int]vals to prev5t roll+4 ,! ti]s mu/ be s arrang$ t ! m>ks c readily be se5 & any p>ticul> k9d rea*$4 ,!re %\ld be an unob/ruct$ space ( sev]al y>ds squ>e at ! door1 & ?is space1 z likewise ! alleys1 %\ld be cov]$ ) c>pet or matt+4 ,! magaz9e is provid$ ) a well ne> ! door2 into ?is ! sweep+s are put2 !y %\ld nev] be swept out at ! door4 ,= ! pres]vation ( ! magaz9e x is ( ! greate/ importance to keep unob/ruct$ ! circulation ( air "u z well z above ! floor+4 ,! magaz9e %\ld be op5$ & air$ only 9 dry1 cle> wea!r1 :5 ! temp]ature ( ! air outside is l[] ?an t inside ( ! magaz9e4 ,x %\ld n be op5$ 9 damp wea!r if x c be avoid$4 ,! v5tilators mu/ be kept free1 & no %rubb]y or trees all[$ to gr[ ne> s z to scre5 ! build+ f ! sun4 ,! y>d %\ld be ( s& or clay & well dra9$4 ,! moi/ure ( a magaz9e may be absorb$ by *loride ( lime kept 9 an op5 vessel & r5ew$ f "t to "t4 ,quicklime is dang]\s1 & %\ld n be us$4 ,c&les 9 lant]ns are us$ = light+ ! magaz9e4 ,no "o %\ld ent] )\t fir/ remov+ 8 %oes or putt+ india-rubb]s ov] !m4 ,no cane1 sword1 or any?+ :i* might occasion sp>ks mu/ be c>ri$ 94 ,b>rels ( p[d] mu/ n be roll$ 9 transportation2 !y %\ld be c>ri$ 9 h&b>r[s1 or 9 sl+s made ( rope1 canvas1 or lea!r4 ,all implem5ts us$ 9 ! magaz9e or on ! b>rels %\ld be ( copp] or wood4 ,! b>rels mu/ nev] be repair$ 9 ! magaz9e4 ,:5 x is necess>y to roll !m = ! bett] pres]vation ( ! p[d] & to prev5t its cak+1 x is done ) a small numb] at a "t on bo>ds 9 ! y>d4 ,nei!r load$ %ells1 fireworks1 nor composition = fireworks1 fuzes1 nor friction-prim]s1 etc41 w be /or$ 9 a magaz9e ) p[d]4 ,%ells %\ld be fill$ 9 ! fill+-room ( ! s]vice-magaz9e4 ,transportation ( ,p[d]4--,9 wagons4 ,! b>rels ( p[d] mu/ be pack$ 9 /raw1 secur$ 9 su* a mann] z n to rub aga9/ ea* o!r1 & ! load closely cov]$ ) canvas4 ,suffici5t gu>d %\ld accompany ! tra9 to prev5t all fire or smok+ ne> ! wagons4 ,no camp-fires %\ld be all[$ ne> ! p>k4 ,on railroads ea* b>rel %\ld be tightly box$ & pack$ s z to avoid friction2 ! c>s1 if practicable1 %\ld h spr+s simil> to ^? ( pass5g]-c>s4 ,fuzes & ,friction-prim]s are kept z f> z possible 9 _! orig9al packages1 & are /or$ 9 ! drie/ & safe/ place 9 ! /oreh\se4 ,fill+ ,c>tridge-bags4--,! p[d] is c>ri$ 9 b>rels f ! magaz9e to ! fill+-room4 ,"u no circum/ances w ! fill+ be done at ! magaz9e4 ,h&le p[d] c>efully4 ,implem5ts requir$3 #a copp] hamm]1 #a wood5 drift1 #a c\nt]-bru%1 #a scoop1 #a c\nt]-scale & weights 7brass or copp]71 #a fill+-funnel1 #a set ( p[d]-measures1 c>tridge-bags & tw9e4 ,:5 ! c>tridges are to be us$ ) projectiles1 ea* *>ge is c>efully weigh$2 if = blank c>tridges1 x is measur$4 ,"o man holds ! bag op5 & ano!r p\rs ! p[d] into x ?r\gh a funnel4 ,! bag is !n securely ti$ ) tw9e close to ! p[d]4 ,:5 fill$1 ea* %\ld be m>k$ 9 p5cil1 %[+ k9d & weight ( p[d]1 & = :at piece to be us$4 ,fill+ ,projectiles4--,! bur/+-*>ge %\ld be weigh$ & c>efully plac$ 9 %ell ?r\gh copp] funnel1 ! nose ( :i* %\ld pass bel[ ! end ( ! screw-?read4 ,!n c>efully wipe ! ?read ( bo? fuze & fuze-hole be=e ins]t+ ! fuze4 ,,gu>d ,,ord]s4 ,batt]y-gu>ds4--,a light batt]y s]v+ ) o!r troops w furni% its own p>k & /able gu>ds1 police1 etc4 ,bo? (fic]s & m5 w be exempt f o!r details1 & ! m5 w n be detail$ = extra duty 9 ! /aff dep>tm5ts1 nor = duty int]f]+ ) batt]y duties1 if x c be avoid$4 ,a light batt]y s]v+ ) o!r troops w furni% its own /able & p>k gu>d1 :i* w be "u ! exclusive control ( ! batt]y comm&]4 ,batt]y ,/able & ,p>k ,gu>d4--,! pieces1 caissons1 etc41 ) _! ammunition & /ores1 z well z ! horses1 h>ness1 & =age are "u ! *>ge ( a /able & p>k gu>d1 consi/+ ( two non-commission$ (fic]s & z _m privates z may be necess>y4 ,?is gu>d w be m\nt$ sep>ately = ea* batt]y1 & w be "u ! exclusive control ( ! batt]y comm&]4 ,a lieut5ant ( ! batt]y is detail$ daily1 or = su* p]iod z ! batt]y comm&] may direct1 z batt]y (fic] ( ! day2 ! /able & p>k gu>d is "u 8 imm$iate ord]s & ^? ( ! batt]y comm&]4 ,x is ! duty ( ?is gu>d to en=ce ! special regulations 9 reg>d to ! /ables1 horses1 & p>k4 ,! t\r cont9ues = #bd h\rs1 or until prop]ly reliev$ by a new gu>d4 ,! s5t9els ( ! /able & p>k gu>d w be po/$ & reliev$ z prescrib$ 9 ,light-artill]y ,drill ,regulations4 ,!y we> ! sabre-belt )\t sabre :5 on po/ at ! /able or picket-l9e4 ,!y are =bidd5 to /rike or o!rwise puni% horses4 7,betwe5 retreat & reveille ! s5t9els %\ld be arm$ ) load$ revolv]s47 ,! s5t9els ov] ! horses or 9 *>ge ( prison]s receive ord]s f ! /able s]geant1 s f> z ! ex]cise ( 8 duties are conc]n$4 ,! gu>d1 non-commission$ (fic]s & s5t9els1 w p]=m _! duties 9 accordance ) ! rules prescrib$ = ! troop /able-gu>d4 ,! employm5t ( /able-gu>ds = police & fatigue duties at ! /ables is =bidd52 b ?is w n prohibit ! /able-gu>d f be+ requir$ to assi/ 9 fe$+ gra9 be=e reveille4 7,x may be us$ z a h]d-gu>d dur+ ! day47 ,! /able-gu>d w att5d /ables ) ! re/ ( ! batt]y & groom _! own horses1 ! s5t9els be+ reliev$ = ! purpose4 ,!y w we> /able frocks :ile groom+1 belt outside ! frock2 aft] groom+ !y take (f _! /able frocks1 & ! s5t9el is aga9 po/$4 ,nei!r ! non-commission$ (fic] nor ! memb]s ( ! /able-gu>d w abs5t !mselves f ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! /ables1 except 9 case ( urg5t necessity & !n = no long] "t ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,no memb] ( ! gu>d w leave = any purpose )\t ! au?ority ( ! non-commission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,! non-commission$ (fic] & "o memb] ( ! gu>d w g = meals at ! prop] h\r2 ^u _! return ! o!r memb]s w be direct$ to g by ! non-commission$ (fic]4 7,) p>k & /able gu>d ! gu>d w be s s5t to meals z to leave at ! gu>d-h\se "o non-commission$ (fic] & "o private1 exclusive ( s5t9els on po/47 ,smok+ 9 /ables or _! imm$iate vic9ity is prohibit$4 ,no fire or light o!r ?an ! /able lant]ns w be p]mitt$ 9 ! /ables4 ,/able-gu>d duty 9 ! field w be p]=m$ ^u ! same pr9ciples1 ) ! modifications r5d]$ necess>y by ! *ang$ conditions4 ,duties ( ! ,batt]y ,(fic] ( ! ,day4--,he has sup]vision ( ! gu>d1 att5ds all /able duties & su* drills & batt]y roll-calls z may be designat$ z requir+ 8 pres5ce4 ,he %\ld inspect ! gu>d & s5t9els dur+ ! day & night z (t5 z he may deem necess>y4 ,aft] ! new batt]y (fic] has visit$ ! gu>d at gu>d-m\nt+ & se5 t ! ord]s h be5 correctly turn$ ov]1 he w report to ! batt]y comm&] = in/ructions4 ,comm&] ( ! ,gu>d4--,! s5ior non-commission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d is comm&] ( ! gu>d4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is responsible = ! in/ruction & discipl9e ( ! gu>d4 ,he w see t all its memb]s are correctly in/ruct$ 9 _! ord]s & duties1 & t !y und]/& & prop]ly p]=m !m4 ,he receives & obeys ! ord]s ( ! batt]y comm&] & ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day1 & reports to ! la/ nam$ )\t delay all ord]s relat+ to ! gu>d n giv5 or transmitt$ by him4 ,he transmits to 8 successor all mat]ial in/ructions & in=mation relat+ to 8 duties4 ,he is responsible = ! g5]al safety ( ! camp z soon z ! old gu>d m>*es f ! gu>d-h\se4 ,9 case ( any em]g5cy occurr+ :ile bo? gu>ds are at ! gu>d-h\se1 ! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds w be responsible t prop] action is tak54 ,a comm&] ( a gu>d leav+ 8 po/ = any purpose w m5tion 8 de/9ation & ! probable duration ( 8 abs5ce to ! next 9 comm&4 ,%\ld x become necess>y dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d = ! next 9 comm& to leave ! gu>d1 he w designate a memb] ( ! gu>d to take *>ge & assume ! responsibility dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,! memb] s designat$ w be obey$ & respect$ accord+ly1 & w be held responsible = ! prop] p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,all prison]s w be ?or\ghly se>*$ be=e be+ all[$ to ent] ! gu>d-h\se4 ,! prison]s w be m>*$ "u prop] gu>d to ! mess-hall = _! meals2 !y mu/ be s5t to _! meals at times :5 ! o!r m5 ( ! batt]y are n pres5t1 & w be all[$ ! same "t z o!r memb]s ( ! gu>d4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w record ^u ! gu>d report ! names ( all horses tak5 out dur+ 8 t\r 7except "u p>agraphs a & c1 p4 #ahe71 /at+ ! au?ority "u :i* !y are tak5 & _! condition :5 return$4 ,%\ld (fic]s' horses be return$ by an enli/$ man1 he w inspect !m z prescrib$4 ,except 9 em]g5cies1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d may divide ! night ) ! next 9 comm&1 b reta9s 8 responsibility2 ! "o ^: wat* x is mu/ be con/antly on ! al]t4 ,! non-commission$ (fic] receives 8 ord]s f 8 batt]y comm&] & batt]y (fic] ( ! day1 & :5 reliev$ w turn ov] all 8 ord]s to 8 successor4 ,he in/ructs 8 s5t9els 9 _! g5]al & special duties2 ex]cises g5]al sup]vision ov] 8 entire gu>d2 exacts ord] & cleanl9ess ab\t ! gu>d-room2 prev5ts ! introduction ( intoxicants into ! gu>d-h\se or /ables2 receives by c\nt1 f 8 pr$ecessor1 ! animals1 horse equipm5ts1 & all prop]ty 7bo? private & public7 p]ta9+ !reto2 exam9es1 be=e reliev+ 8 pr$ecessor1 all locks1 w9d[s1 & doors1 & %\ld any be f\nd insecure he w report ! fact to ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day4 ,he1 or ! junior non-commission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d1 w p]sonally po/ & relieve ea* s5t9el1 tak+ c>e to v]ify ! prop]ty responsibility ( ! s5t9el :o comes (f po/1 & see t ! s5t9el :o goes on po/ is aw>e ( ! prop]ty responsibility he assumes4 ,dur+ ! day & night ! non-commission$ (fic]s w alt]nate 9 t\rs1 "o ( !m rema9+ con/antly on ! al]t4 ,t ! non-commission$ (fic] may be m ?or\ghly in=m$ ( 8 responsibility1 all horses return+1 except ^? f a regul> =mation1 w be report$ to & inspect$ by him4 ,he w !n notify ! s5t9el on po/1 & see t ! horses are promptly c>$ =4 ,9 case ( abuse he w promptly report to ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day4 ,%\ld ! horse be ! private prop]ty ( an (fic]1 he w report su* abuse to ! own]4 ,! non-commission$ (fic] w report any unusual occurr5ce dur+ 8 t\r to ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day4 ,horses & o!r prop]ty = :i* ! non-commission$ (fic] is responsible w n be tak5 f ! /ables )\t ! ord] ( ! batt]y comm&]1 ) ! foll[+ exceptions3 a4 ,(fic]s' horses & private prop]ty are subject to _! own writt5 ord]4 b4 ,horses au?oriz$ = m\nt$ duty or pass may be tak5 out on a writt5 ord] ( ! batt]y comm&]4 c4 ,no =mal ord] w be requir$ = horses & equipm5ts to leave ! /able at e/abli%$ h\rs = c]emonies1 m\nt$ drill1 h]d+ & wat]+ horses4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d mu/ be pres5t & satisfy himself t !y are be+ tak5 out solely = ^! purposes4 d4 ,! horses & equipm5ts ( ! fir/ s]geant & /able s]geant 7unless o!rwise ord]$ by ! batt]y comm&]7 may be tak5 out by !mselves1 or on _! writt5 ord]1 betwe5 reveille & retreat4 ,?is privilege may be ext5d$ to ! o!r s]geants4 e4 ,! batt]y team w be all[$ to leave ! /ables 9 ! daytime 7betwe5 reveille & retreat7 :5 ! wagon] reports x to be necess>y4 ,9 case ( fire at ! /able ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w take ! necess>y precautions 9 op5+ or clos+ ! doors1 s z to prev5t z f> z possible ! spread+ ( ! fire & make x possible to remove ! horses4 ,he w !n1 assi/$ by all ! available m51 comm5ce to lead out ! horses1 &1 if practicable1 secure !m at ! picket-l9e or o!r designat$ place4 ,! non-commission$ (fic] w h exclusive control ( ! lant]ns1 & w see t !y are prep>$ dur+ ! day = light+ at night4 ,! lant]ns w n be light$1 fill$1 or trimm$ 9 ! /ables1 b mu/ be tak5 to ! gu>d-room1 or to su* o!r place z may be designat$ by ! batt]y comm&] = ! purpose4 ,! non-commission$ (fic] mu/ answ] ! s5t9els' calls promptly4 ,s5t9el ( ,/able-gu>d4--,! s5t9el 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties w be gov]n$ by ! regulations = s5t9els ( o!r gu>ds :5ev] !y are applicable1 su* z c\rtesies to (fic]s1 walk+ po/ 9 a soldi]ly mann]1 *all5g+1 etc42 he w n turn out ! gu>d except :5 ord]$ by ! prop] au?ority4 ,! s5t9el w receive ord]s f ! batt]y comm&]1 ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day1 & ! non-commission$ (fic]s ( ! /able-gu>d only4 ,! s5t9el w n p]mit any horse or equipm5ts to be tak5 f ! /ables except 9 ! pres5ce ( ! non-commission$ (fic]4 ,%\ld a horse get loose1 ! s5t9el w cat* him & tie him up4 ,if he be unable to cat* ! horse1 ! non-commission$ (fic] w be at once notifi$4 ,9 case a horse be ca/1 or 9 any way entangl$1 he w relieve him if possible2 if unable to relieve him1 he w call ! non-commission$ (fic]4 ,s5t9els are =bidd5 to puni% or maltreat a horse4 ,:5 a horse is tak5 sick1 ! s5t9el w notify ! non-commission$ (fic]1 :o w 9 turn call ! /able s]geant1 & see t ! horse is prop]ly att5d$ to4 ,9 case ( fire ! s5t9el w give ! al>m by /epp+ outside ! /able & fir+ 8 pi/ol 7if he be arm$7 repeat$ly1 call+ out at ! same "t1 ,fire1 /ables1 batt]y--6 ,z soon z ! gu>d is al>m$ he w take ! necess>y precautions 9 op5+ or clos+ ! doors1 s z to prev5t ! spread+ ( ! fire & make x possible to remove ! horses2 he w drop ! *a9s & b>s1 &1 ) ! o!r memb]s ( ! gu>d1 proce$ to lead out ! horses1 & secure !m at ! picket-l9e or su* o!r place z may h be5 previ\sly designat$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,horse4 ,h[ ,obta9$4 ,description (4 ,inspection (4 ,p[] ( ,teams4 ,weight beh9d ,artill]y-teams4 ,gaits ( ,artill]y4 ,d5tition4 ,plate ( ,diseases4 ,sick ,horses4 ,heal? & ,disease4 ,vet]9>y ,m$ic9es4 ,drugs & ,doses1 & ,h[ to ,adm9i/] ,!m4 ,ma%es1 ,p\ltices1 etc4 ,vet]9>y ,notes1 ) ,symptoms & ,treatm5t ( ,v>i\s ,diseases4 ,/ables & ,/able ,managem5t4 ,groom+4 ,fe$+ & ,k9ds ( ,food4 ,wat]+4 ,tra9+ ,horses4 ,rules = ,treatm5t & ,c>e ( ,horses4 ,de/ruction ( ,horses4 ,,horses4 ,,h[ ,,obta9$1 ,,description1 ,,etc4 ,horses are obta9$ f ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,dep>tm5t4 ,submit requisitions1 g5]ally 9 triplicate1 /at+ ! color desir$1 & :e!r ! horse is = lead-1 sw+-1 or :eel-team4 ,! artill]y-horse mu/ be s\nd1 free f vici\s habits1 a squ>e trott]1 well brok5 to h>ness1 & mu/ con=m z ne>ly z possible to ! foll[+ description3 ,a geld+ ( uni=m & h>dy color2 9 good condition2 f fifte5 to sixte5 h&s high2 weight ( ! lead-horse n less ?an #ajej p\nds1 & t ( ! :eel-horse n m ?an #acjj p\nds2 f f\r to eight ye>s old2 full-*e/$2 %\ld]s suffici5tly broad to support ! coll>1 b n too heavy2 full-b>rell$1 ) broad1 deep lo9s2 %ort-c\pl$1 ) solid h9dqu>t]s2 feet s\nd & 9 good ord]4 ,long-legg$1 loose-jo9t$1 long-b>rell$1 & n>r[-*e/$ horses1 z well z ^? :i* are re/ive1 vici\s1 or too free 9 h>ness1 are to be reject$4 ,,select+ ,,horses4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n only t !y possess ! =m & qualities necess>y = ! "w !y are likely to be employ$ 91 b also t !y are docile & easy-temp]$ & s\nd4 ,=m diff]s accord+ to bre$1 & ^u x dep5ds ! fitness ( ! animal = draught or saddle purposes4 ,= ei!r purpose a horse %\ld walk & trot well4 ,horses ) deeply sc>r$ backs 7or1 if = h>ness1 %\ld]s71 or :i* %[ signs ( hav+ be5 mu* cut ) ! gir? 7gir?-gall$71 %\ld n be select$1 if avoidable4 ,if = rid+ purposes1 ! )]s %\ld be nei!r too high nor too l[1 & ! %\ld]s oblique2 =e>ms long & muscul>2 *e/ mod]ately wide & deep2 ribs well ar*$ beh9d saddle & cont9u$ close to haun*2 lo9s broad2 h9dqu>t]s long1 wide1 & muscul>2 tail set on z ne> ! level ( ! cr\p z possible2 limbs f knees & hocks d[nw>ds %ort1 wide lat]ally1 ) ! t5dons & ligam5ts /&+ well ap>t f ! bone1 & di/9ctly def9$4 ,nei!r b5ea? knee nor hock %\ld !y be n>r[ or abruptly ti$ 92 knees wide 9 front1 hocks sideways4 ,pa/]ns n too long or oblique1 incl9$ out or 91 nor yet too upright2 ho(s black1 if possible1 & circul> 9 %ape2 wall smoo? & ev5 f coronet to gr\nd1 & n m>k$ by horizontal r+s2 heels well spread2 soles concave & /rong2 frogs well develop$1 s\nd1 & firm4 ,! foot 9 progression %\ld be plac$ ev5ly on ! gr\nd1 nei!r toe nor heel com+ too m>k$ly 9 contact ) x4 ,co>se-br$ horses1 ) hairy legs & l>ge1 flat feet1 %\ld nev] be *os54 ,=e limbs %\ld be exam9$ = brok5 knees1 spl9ts1 spra9s ( t5dons & ligam5ts 7indicat$ by ?ick5+1 &1 if rec5t1 by t5d]ness on manipulation71 r+-bone 7an unev5 deposit ( bony matt] ar\nd ! l[] end ( ! pa/]n71 side-bone 7ossification ( ! ela/ic c>tilages on ea* side ( ! foot t[>d ! heels71 s&-crack 9 ho( 7usually 9 ! inside qu>t] ( =e foot71 *ronic lam9itis 7manife/$ by horse putt+ heels fir/ to ! gr\nd1 convex soles1 walls holl[ 9 ! middle 9 front1 bulg+ at toe1 & made unev5 by r+s on surface71 navicul> disease 7usually %[n by contract$ heels1 v concave soles1 lam5ess1 & digg+ toes 9 ! gr\nd dur+ walk or trot1 we>+ ! %oe m at po9t ( toe ?an else:]e1 ext5d+ limb =w>d & elevat+ heels :ile at re/71 corns 7a bruise ( sole at ! heels1 only to be discov]$ by removal ( %oe & p>+ sole at ?is "p74 ,h9d limbs %\ld be exam9$ = spav9 9 hock 7a bony tumor 9 front ( inside hock1 be/ se5 by /&+ at animal's %\ld] & view+ ?is "p ( ! jo9t 9 pr(ile2 comp>e bo? hocks 9 ?is way1 & if !re is any inequality1 & ! prom95ce be h>d1 x is almo/ c]ta9 to be spav92 lam5ess or /iffness ( ! limb is g5]ally pres5t71 spra9 ( t5don inside hock 7m>k$ by a swell+ inside po9t ( hock71 curb 7a spra9 ( ligam5t at back & bel[ po9t ( hock1 se5 z a m or less prom95t convex swell+ on look+ at ! hock sideways71 spra9 ( back t5dons or ligam5ts 7z 9 =e limb71 r+-bone 7z 9 =e limb74 ,! eyes %\ld be heal?y2 exam9e !m by mov+ ! f+] sm>tly ne> ! eye1 b )\t t\*+ x1 :5 ! animal w w9k if x be n bl9d2 = c>eful exam9ation1 inspect ! eye 9 sunlight1 !n cov] ) h& = a few seconds to asc]ta9 if ! pupil contracts & enl>ges2 to exam9e int]ior ( eye1 employ a light$ c&le 9 a d>k5$ /able4 ,exam9e head beh9d e>s1 )]s1 back1 & %\ld]s = bruises2 no/rils = gl&]s 7if !re be any dis*>ge72 turn r\nd sudd5ly & back ! horse to discov] if !re is spra9 ( back1 & if h9dqu>t]s are mov$ firmly & promptly4 ,inspect sk9 = mange & r+worm1 heels = grease & cracks1 & coronets = fi/ul\s w\nds4 ,h him ridd5 v rapidly = a c\ple ( hundr$ y>ds1 /opp$ sudd5ly1 & !n place e> 9 re> ( left %\ld] to li/5 if ! he>t beats prop]ly1 & also ne> ! no/ril to he> if 8 brea?+ is all "r4 ,if a holl[ c\gh is pres5t1 obs]ve motion ( abdom5 at flank2 %\ld ?is h a d\ble asc5d+ movem5t or lift 9 expiration1 ! animal is brok5-w9d$4 ,9 gallop+1 or :5 sudd5ly m5ac$ by a bl[ ( a :ip1 %\ld a grunt or %rill :i/l+ s\nd be he>d 9 inspiration1 ! animal %\ld be reject$4 ,if1 dur+ rapid motion1 a :eez+ noise be he>d 9 expiration or inspiration1 ! horse is uns\nd4 ,be=e selection is complet$ ! horse %\ld be ridd5 if = saddle purposes1 or driv5 9 h>ness if = draught4 ,e animal w be br&$ ) ! lett]s ,u4 ,s4 on ! left =e %\ld] on ! day he is receiv$4 ,!y are also br&$ on ! left hip ) ! lett] ( ! batt]y & ! numb] ( ! regim5t4 ,a complete descriptive li/ w be made ( ea* animal at ! "t ( pur*ase1 :i* w accompany him :]ev] he may be transf]r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,a4 ,mol> tee?4 ,b ,h4 ,can9e or tu%4 ,c ,i4 ,incisors4 ,e4 ,atlas4 ,g4 ,orbit4 ,m4 ,c>9i=m c>tilage4 ,n4 ,ensi=m c>tilage4 ,o4 ,coracoid process ( scapula4 ,p4 ,sp9e4 ,q4 ,c>tilage4 ,r4 ,tro*ant] major4 ,s4 ,subtro*ant]ian cre/4 ,t4 ,tro*lea4 ,u4 ,ext]nal condyle4 ,v4 ,patella4 ,w4 ,hock-jo9t4 #a4 ,cranium4 #b4 ,l[] jaw4 #c4 ,c]vical v]tebr4 #d1 #d4 ,dorsal v]tebr4 #e1 #e4 ,lumb> v]tebr4 #f1 #f4 ,sacrum4 #g1 #g4 ,coccygeal v]tebr4 #h4 ,/]num4 #i1 #i4 ,true ribs4 #aj1 #aj4 ,c>tilages ( true ribs4 #aa1 #aa4 ,false ribs4 #ab1 #ab4 ,c>tilages ( false ribs4 #ac4 ,scapula4 #ad4 ,hum]us4 #ae4 ,radius4 #af4 ,elb[4 #ag4 ,os pisi=me4 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc4 ,c>pal bones4 #bd4 ,l>ge metac>pal bone4 #be4 ,out] small metac>pal bone4 #bf4 ,inn] small metac>pal bone4 #bg1 #bh4 ,sesamoid bones4 #bi4 ,os suffrag9is4 #cj4 ,os coron4 #ca4 ,os p$is4 #cb4 ,w+ ( ! p$al bone4 #cc1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf4 ,os innom9atum4 #cg4 ,femur4 #ch4 ,tibia4 #ci4 ,os calcis4 #dj4 ,a/ragalus4 #da1 #db1 #dc1 #dd4 ,t>sal bones4 #de4 ,l>ge metat>sal bone4 #df4 ,out] small metat>sal bone4 #dg4 ,inn] small metat>sal bone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,head4 #a4 ,muzzle4 #b4 ,no/ril4 #c4 ,=ehead4 #d4 ,jaw4 #e4 ,poll4 ,neck4 #f1 #f4 ,cre/4 #g4 ,?rottle or w9dpipe4 ,=equ>t]4 #h1 #h4 ,%\ld]-blade4 #i4 ,po9t ( %\ld]4 #aj4 ,bosom or brea/4 #aa1 #aa4 ,true arm4 #ab4 ,elb[4 #ac4 ,=e arm 7arm74 #ad4 ,knee4 #ae4 ,cannon-bone4 #af4 ,back s9ew4 #ag4 ,fetlock or pa/]n jo9t4 #ah4 ,coronet4 #ai4 ,ho( or foot4 #bj4 ,heel4 ,body or ,middle ,piece4 #ba4 ,)]s4 #bb4 ,back4 #bc1 #bc4 ,ribs 7=m+ toge!r ! b>rel or *e/74 #bd1 #bd4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! *e/ at ?is po9t1 call$ ! gir?4 #be4 ,! lo9s4 #bf4 ,! cr\p4 #bg4 ,! hip4 #bh4 ,! flank4 #bi4 ,! %ea?4 #cj4 ,! root ( ! dock or tail4 ,h9dqu>t]4 #ca4 ,! hip-jo9t1 r\nd1 or :irlbone4 #cb4 ,! /ifle-jo9t4 #cc1 #cc4 ,l[] ?igh or gask94 #cd4 ,! qu>t]s4 #ce4 ,! hock4 #cf4 ,! po9t ( ! hock4 #cg4 ,! curb-place4 #ch4 ,! cannon-bone4 #ci4 ,! back s9ew4 #dj4 ,pa/]n or fetlock jo9t4 #da4 ,coronet4 #db4 ,ho( or foot4 #dc4 ,heel4 #dd4 ,spav9-place4 ,,p[] ,,( ,,teams4 ,if a horse has to "w at spe$ 7z 9 ! case ( horse-artill]y7 he c1 z a rule1 "u s]vice conditions1 draw ab\t #fjj p\nds1 or c>ry on 8 back ab\t #bfj p\nds1 al?\gh 9 "s s]vices he is requir$ to d m4 ,9 light field-artill]y1 :]e great spe$ is n expect$1 ?is may be increas$ to ab\t #gjj p\nds2 = heavy field-artill]y a fur!r increase may be made4 ,metcalfe gives3 horse-artill]y1 #fej p\nds2 light field-artill]y1 #gjj p\nds2 heavy field-artill]y1 #hej p\nds2 & siege-artill]y1 #ajjj p\nds2 & ! ,engli% ,h&book conta9s ! foll[+ table giv+ a r\gh e/imate ( :at teams may be call$ ^u to transport3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,teams ( ,teams ( ,teams ( ,teams ( #d horses4#f horses4#h horses4#ab horses4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,cwt4 ,cwt4 ,cwt4 ,cwt4 ,horse-artill]y batt]ies#bj to #bd #cc to #cf ,field-batt]ies #bf to #cj #ci to #de #dh to #ef ,batt]ies ( position #gj #e tons ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 b1 brea/-/rap2 c1 coll>2 d1 d\ble-tree2 s1 s+le-tree2 t1 trace4 ,ow+ to _! int]f]5ce ) ea* o!r's motions1 ! maximum load drawn by teams ( horses increases less rapidly ?an does ! numb] ( horses 9 draught4 ,9 horse-artill]y teams #f horses is ! greate/ numb] t c be usefully employ$2 9 ! heavi] field-batt]ies #h horses are sometimes us$1 b n :5 x c be avoid$1 z x makes a cumb]some team & a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! work+ p[] ( ! extra pair is lo/4 ,bad roads1 insuffici5t food1 rapid movem5t = %ort times1 & =c$ m>*es require t ! weights beh9d horses %\ld be kept at a m9imum consi/5t ) ! s]vice requir$4 ,! av]age weights exclusive ( cannone]s ( all ! pr9cipal milit>y p[]s are3 horse-artill]y--gun-c>riage1 #fcd lbs42 caisson1 #gbg lbs42#g & field-artill]y--gun-c>riage1 #gah lbs42 caisson1 #gif lbs4 ,,gaits ,,= ,,artill]y4 ,! ,manuvr+ ,gallop is at ! rate ( twelve miles an h\r 7#ceb y>ds 9 a m9ute74 ,?is gait is us$ on occasions by horse-artill]y1 & 9 great em]g5cies = v %ort di/ances by field-artill]y4 ,! ,manuvr+ ,trot or ,trot-out is at ! rate ( eight miles an h\r 7#bce y>ds 9 a m9ute47 ,! ,cant] is at ! same rate1 viz41 eight miles an h\r4 ,! ,sl[ ,trot is at ! rate ( f six to six & "o half miles an h\r1 & %\ld be us$ by light artill]y = di/ances ( sev]al miles :5 necess>y to move at a fa/] gait ?an a walk4 ,at drills & on road m>*es x %\ld be consid]ably employ$ s t teams may move easily & ) unnecess>y fatigue :5 call$ on to cov] long di/ances rapidly4 ,! ,walk is at ! rate ( f\r miles an h\r 7#aag y>ds 9 a m9ute74 ,x is ! pace usually employ$ on ! l9e ( m>* = field-batt]ies1 al?\gh !y move1 z does horse-artill]y1 at an alt]nate trot & walk1 cov]+ ab\t five miles an h\r4 ,,d5tition4 ,age ( ,horse f ,"o to ,n9e ,ye>s1 z ,indicat$ by ,tee? 7,incisors7 9 ,l[] ,jaw4--,! age ( a horse is det]m9$ by3 #a4 ,! "* ( ! tee?1 i4e41 :e!r !y be tempor>y or p]man5t4 #b4 ,! p]iod at :i* !y are cut4 #c4 ,! condition ( ! tee? !mselves4 ,tempor>y or milk tee? are di/+ui%$ f ! p]man5t tee? by be+ small]1 :it]1 & hav+ m di/9ct necks4 ,! fangs are small & h little atta*m5t to ! gums4 ,! jaws are plump1 fle%y1 & r\nd1 & ! tee? are arrang$ 9 some?+ l a semicircle4 ,p]man5t tee? are l>g]1 broad]1 wid] 9 ! necks & m discolor$ ?an milk-tee?4 ,! plumpness & circul>ity ( ! jaw is less ?an 9 ! "y colt1 & gradually decreases4 ,9 old age ! tee? are arrang$ 9 a ne>ly /raight l9e4 ,dur+ ! fir/ t5 mon?s ! six incisors appe>4 ,at twelve mon?s ! tee? %[ little signs ( we>1 ! corn] tee? are m]e %ells1 hav+ no inn] walls1 & ! tee? are close toge!r4 ,at two ye>s ! corn] tee? h gr[n up to level ( o!rs2 ! c5tre tee? are worn4 ,! tee? /& wide ap>t at necks because ( gr[? ( jaw4 ,%ortly be=e ?ree ye>s old ! two c5tre milk-tee? are %$ & replac$ by p]man5t tee?4 ,%ortly be=e f\r ye>s old ! next two milk-tee? on ei!r side are %$1 & p]man5t ones appe>4 ,%ortly be=e five ye>s old ! corn] milk-tee? are %$1 & p]man5t ones appe>1 b z %ells only1 hav+ no int]nal walls4 ,at ab\t six ye>s old ! inn] wall ( ! corn] tee? has gr[n up level ) out] wall4 ,! tusks appe> at ab\t ?ree & "o half ye>s1 are matur$ at six1 & !n beg9 to we> away4 ,usually abs5t 9 m>es4 ,betwe5 ?ree & five ye>s ! m>ks or cups 9 ! p]man5t tee? are v pla94 ,at six ! m>ks are well worn 9 c5tre tee?4 ,at sev5 ! m>ks disappe> f c5tre tee?1 are well worn 9 ! two next1 b pla9 9 corn] tee?4 ,at eight ! m>ks h all disappe>$1 except 9 corn] tee?1 9 :i* !y are worn4 ,at n9e ! m>ks are usually gone f all ! incisor tee? 9 l[] jaw4 ,! tempor>y incisors 9 upp] jaw fall out usually a little e>li] ?an ^? 9 l[] jaw4 ,! p]man5t incisors 9 upp] jaw are long] & l>g] ?an ! l[]1 & ! m>k is deep] & rema9s long] ?an 9 ! l[] tee?4 ,beyond n9e ye>s ! tee? become angul> & f\l1 ! tusks worn1 & ! age only to be det]m9$ accurately by mu* exp]i5ce & obs]vation4 ,old horses frequ5tly suff] f unev5 & %>p-edg$ gr9d]s4 ,_! m\?s %\ld be occasionally exam9$1 p>ticul>ly if ! animal be (f 8 fe$1 &1 if necess>y1 ! tee? %\ld be rasp$ (f4 ,,sick ,,horses4 ,! horses on sick report are 9 *>ge ( ! /able s]geant1 :o reports daily to ! capta9 = in/ructions z to _! treatm5t4 ,9 g>rison ! batt]y (fic] ( ! day inspects ! sick horses daily1 & records 9 8 gu>d-report book ! names ( ! horses on sick report1 & ! treatm5t !y receive4 ,9 treat+ sick horses x is to be obs]v$ t v little m$ic9e is ord9>ily requir$1 & t unnecess>y doses d a great deal ( h>m4 ,if a horse su/a9 an injury1 neglect 8 fe$1 refuse 8 wat]1 or give any evid5ce ( sickness1 x w be at once report$4 ,no horse on sick report w be tak5 f ! /able or picket-l9e = ex]cise or "w )\t p]mission f prop] au?ority4 ,if !re be at any "t a suspici\s dis*>ge f "o or bo? no/rils ( an animal1 x mu/ be imm$iately report$4 ,to prev5t contagion to man or bea/1 an animal t %[s any decid$ symptoms ( gl&]s is to be isolat$ at once1 & conf9$ or ti$ up 9 "s locality :]e no o!r animal c approa* him4 ,a gl&]$ horse %\ld be kill$ z soon z possible4 ,! /all 9 :i* he /ood is torn d[n & all ! woodwork burn$ & ! ironwork dis9fect$1 or o!rwise x is clos$ & mu/ rema9 empty until ! rack1 mang]1 & e "p ( ! iron & woodwork1 z also ! vessels us$ 9 wat]+ & fe$+1 & 8 saddle & bit1 h be5 ?ree or f\r times ?or\ghly wa%$ ) a #e p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid or a #a to #ajjj solution ( corrosive sublimate2 all p>ts to :i* ! latt] has be5 appli$ %\ld be ?or\ghly scrubb$ ) hot wat] to remove all traces ( ! poison\s salt4 ,! application ( a lime wa% to all ! /alls1 aft] complete dis9fection1 w be desirable4 ,small articles1 su* z bits1 etc41 c be dis9fect$ by keep+ !m imm]s$ = a half-h\r 9 boil+ wat]4 ,all articles ( little value t h be5 us$ ) a gl&]$ horse1 su* z halt]s1 bridles1 horse-clo?s1 saddle-clo?s1 blankets1 nose-bags1 currycombs & bru%es1 etc41 %\ld be de/roy$4 ,/ables occupi$ by infect$ or suspect$ horses %\ld be dis9fect$ daily by wa%+ expos$ surfaces ) a #e p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid1 & nose-bags1 halt]s1 buckets us$ = dr9k+-wat]1 etc41 %\ld be c>efully wa%$ ) ! same solution or ) boil+ wat]4 ,,heal? ,,& ,,disease4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,correspond+ to ! ,condition ( ,po9ts4 ----------------------------------- ,heal?4 ,disease4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #a4 ,temp]am5t ,vivaci\s4 ,dull4 #b4 ,coat ,heal?y4 ,/>+4 #c4 ,membranes ,pale & moi/4 ,florid & dry4 #d4 ,appetite ,good4 ,bad4 #e4 ,pulse #cf to #dj p] m9ute4 #ej to #ij4 #f4 ,respirations #h to #ab #bj to #ej4 #g4 ,temp]ature1 ext]nal ,w>m4 ,cold4 #h4 ,temp]ature1 int]nal #ih4d to #ajj4 #aja to #aje4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,on ent]+ a /all to det]m9e ! /ate ( an animal ! temp]am5t & coat are fir/ obs]v$4 ,to exam9e ! membranes1 elevate ! no/rils s z to obta9 a good view ( ! int]ior1 asc]ta9 ! condition ( ! appetite by obs]vation or a tru/wor?y s\rce4 ,take ! pulse = a full m9ute4 ,! be/ & mo/ usual place to take x is b5ea? ! l[] jaw1 at a spot correspond+ to ! swell ( ! jaw2 ?is fail+1 z x sometimes does 9 cases ( extreme weakness1 ! art]y inside ! arm1 ne> :]e ! leg jo9s ! body1 %\ld be s\ght =4 ,! numb] ( beats1 :e!r s(t or h>d1 & :e!r regul> or int]mitt5t1 %\ld be not$4 ,! respirations are be/ obs]v$ at ! flank1 an inspiration & expiration go+ to make up "o respiration4 ,! ext]nal temp]ature is asc]ta9$ by feel+ ! e>s & extremities4 ,! int]nal temp]ature is obta9$ by means ( a cl9ical !rmomet]4 ,set ! in/rum5t at #ih4d ,f41 ins]t x 9 ! dock1 & all[ x to rema9 9 ! body ?ree or f\r m9utes4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4 #a4 ,c>ies ( ! l[] jaw4 #b4 ,fi/ula ( ! p>otid duct4 #c4 ,bony excresc5ce or exo/osis ( ! l[] jaw4 #d4 ,swell+ by pressure ( ! bridle4 #e4 ,poll-evil4 #f4 ,inflam$ p>otid gl&4 #g4 ,inflam$ jugul> ve94 #h4 ,fungus tumor1 produc$ by pressure ( ! coll>4 #i4 ,fi/ula 9 ! )]s4 #aj4 ,saddle-gall4 #aa4 ,tumor ( ! elb[4 #ab4 ,induration ( ! knee4 #ac4 ,clap ( ! back s9ews4 #ad4 ,mal&]s4 #ae4 ,spl9t4 #af4 ,r+-bone4 #ag4 ,a tread ^u ! coronet4 #ah4 ,quittor4 #ai4 ,s&-crack4 #bj4 ,contract$ or r+ foot ( a f\nd]$ horse4 #ba4 ,capp$ hock4 #bb4 ,mal&]s4 #bc4 ,spav94 #bd4 ,curb4 #be4 ,swell$ s9ews4 #bf4 ,?ick leg4 #bg4 ,grease4 #bh4 ,a crack 9 front ( ! foot1 call$ c[-crack4 #bi4 ,qu>t]-crack4 #cj4 ,v5tral h]nia4 #ca4 ,rat-tail4 ,,vet]9>y ,,m$ic9es4 ,,int]nally ,,adm9i/]$4 ,m$ic9es t ,act on ! ,/oma* & ,inte/9es or _! ,cont5ts4 ,ca?>tics4--,ag5ts t cause purgation3 aloes1 calomel1 ,epsom salts1 common salt & sulphur1 croton1 l9se$1 & ca/or oils1 injections & ma%es4 ,an!lm9tics4--,ag5ts t de/roy or expel worms3 ne>ly all ca?>tics1 t>t>at$ antimony1 & sulphide ( iron4 ,nauseants4--,ag5ts t induce nausea3 aloes & :ite hellebore4 ,antacids4--,ag5ts t c\nt]act acidity3 soap & ! c>bonates ( lime1 magnesia1 soda1 & pota%4 ,alt]atives4--,ag5ts t br+ ab\t a heal?y /ate ( ! sy/em3 aloes1 calomel1 cod-liv] oil1 sulphur1 nitrate ( pota%4 ,c>diacs4--,ag5ts t invigorate ! sy/em by /imulat+ ! /oma*3 ,cay5ne pepp]1 g+]1 g5tian1 c>away se$s4 ,demulc5ts4--,ag5ts t lubricate or %ea! surfaces3 glyc]9e1 gum-arabic1 l9se$1 & />*4 ,antidotes4--,ag5ts t c\nt]act ! effects ( poisons3 dep5d+ ^u ! k9d ( poison4 ,m$ic9es t ,act ^u ! ,bra91 ,n]ves1 & ,n]ve-c5tres4 ,excitants4--,ag5ts t /imulate ! bra91 n]ves1 & n]ve-c5tres1 & ?us increase _! en]gy3 alcohol1 ammonia1 arnica1 /ry*nia4 ,n>cotics4--,ag5ts t are excitants1 b ^: action is foll[$ by depression ( en]gy3 camphor1 h5bane1 belladonna1 opium4 ,s$atives4--,ag5ts t depress n]v\s p[] or l[] circulation3 digitalis1 hydrocyanic acid1 t>t>at$ antimony1 & *lor(orm4 ,antispasmodics4--,ag5ts t prev5t or allay cramps3 alcohol1 e!rs1 oil ( turp5t9e1 opium4 ,m$ic9es t ,act ^u ,gl&s or ,gl&ul> ,/ructures4 ,/imulants4--,ag5ts t act ^u ! gl&s g5]ally3 calomel1 oxide ( m]cury1 iod9e & its comp\nds4 ,diuretics4--,ag5ts t increase ! secretion ( ur9e3 copaiba1 nitrate ( pota%1 turp5t9e1 res94 ,p>turi5ts4--,ag5ts t cause contraction ( ! womb3 ergot ( rye4 ,li?ontriptics4--,ag5ts t dissolve calculi3 hydro*loric acid1 ! fix$ alkalies4 ,diaphoretics4--,ag5ts t cause p]spiration3 col*icum1 t>t> emetic1 acetate ( ammonia1 spirits ( nitr\s e!r4 ,m$ic9es t ,act ^u ! ,muscul> ,fibre4 ,tonics4--,ag5ts t act gradually1 & p]man5tly improve dige/ion & nutrition3 g5tian1 ! sulphates ( iron1 copp]1 & z9c1 casc>illa b>k1 camomile fl[]s4 ,a/r+5ts4--,ag5ts t cause contraction ( muscul> fibre3 alum1 cate*u1 oak-b>k1 tannic acid4 ,,ext]nally ,,adm9i/]$4 ,m$ic9es t ,act ^u ! ,sk9 & ,ext]nal ,p>ts by ,direct ,application4 ,refrig]ants4--,ag5ts t dim9i% morbid heat ( a "p3 salt & cold wat]1 solutions ( acetate & subacetate ( lead4 ,discuti5ts4--,ag5ts t dispel enl>gem5ts3 comp\nds ( iod9e1 soap l9im5t1 camphor4 ,rubefaci5ts4--,ag5ts t cause heat or r$ness ( sk9 )\t bli/]+3 l9im5ts ( ammonia1 t> & turp5t9e1 v9eg>4 ,vesicants4--,ag5ts t produce bli/]s3 can?>ides1 t>t> emetic1 croton-oil1 hot wat]4 ,cau/ics4--,ag5ts t decompose ! "p to :i* appli$3 c>bolic1 nitric1 sulphuric1 & hydro*loric acids2 *lorides ( antimony & z9c1 corrosive sublimate1 nitrate ( silv]1 sulphate ( copp]1 hot iron4 ,pyog5ics4--,ag5ts t induce suppuration ( w\nds3 l9im5t & o9tm5t ( turp5t9e1 black hellebore4 ,det]g5ts4--,ag5ts t cleanse w\nds & sk9 & excite !m to heal?y action3 acetate ( copp]1 creosote1 l9im5t ( sulphate ( copp]1 o9tm5t ( *loride ( ammonia & nitrate ( m]cury1 sulphur & "s ( its comp\nds4 ,a/r+5ts4--,ag5ts t dim9i% dis*>ge f w\nds3 alum1 sulphate ( z9c1 acetate ( lead4 ,antiseptics4--,ag5ts t de/roy putrid condition ( w\nds3 c>bolic acid1 salicylic acid1 iod(orm1 *>coal1 *loride ( z9c1 nitrate ( pota%1 p]manganate ( pota%1 yea/4 ,traumatics4--,ag5ts t excite heal+ 9 w\nds3 aloes1 myrrh1 collodion1 oil ( t>1 res91 solutions ( sulphate ( copp] & z9c4 ,emolli5ts4--,ag5ts t s(t5 & relax p>ts3 fom5tations1 l>d1 olive-oil1 palm-oil1 p\ltices4 ,,drugs ,,& ,,doses1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,adm9i/] ,,!m4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t me?od to adm9i/] m$ic9e is ei!r 9 ! =m ( a bolus1 gelat9e capsule1 or dr5*4 ,be=e proce$+ to give m$ic9e turn ! animal ar\nd 9 /all 9 a position s t he _c run backw>ds4 ,if giv+ a dr5*1 ei!r hold head up by h& or pull x up by plac+ halt]-%ank ov] "s high object1 pull+ head up2 !n place horn or bottle inside ( m\?4 ,take pl5ty ( "t2 induce ! horse to move 8 tongue1 in/ead ( p9*+ 8 ?roat & pull+ out tongue1 z is cu/om>y & wrong 9 all cases4 ,! tongue mu/ pass back 9 m\?1 or else horse _c swall[4 ,to give a bolus1 pull out tongue g5tly ) left h&1 keep+ ! m\? op51 pass bolus back ov] root ( tongue ) "r2 by proce$+ sl[ly v little tr\ble w be exp]i5c$4 ,if ! animal w eat1 m$ic9e 9 ! =m ( p[d] 7provid$ x be n v repulsive to ! ta/e7 may be giv5 9 gra9 or ma%1 or dissolv$ 9 ! wat] giv5 to dr9k4 ,aconite 7,t9cture74--,useful 9 cases ( fev]s & inflammation4 ,dose1 #ae to #cj drops1 repeat$ e ?ree h\rs2 %\ld be giv5 9 "o ounce cold wat]4 ,alcohol4--,useful z a /imulant2 "o to ?ree ounces1 repeat$ e five h\rs1 giv5 9 eight ounces cold wat]4 ,aloes 7,b>badoes74--,useful z a ca?>tic4 ,dose1 six to eight dra*ms1 ) two dra*ms p[d]$ g+]1 made into a bolus or pill2 only "o dose requir$4 ,ammonia 7,aqua74--,useful z a /imulant4 ,dose1 "o half ounce1 giv5 ?ree times a day 9 six ounces cold wat]4 ,ammonia 7,aromatic74--,useful 9 acute indige/ion & flatulant colic4 ,dose1 "o ounce e two h\rs until bett]4 ,arnica 7,t9cture74--,useful 9 all cases ( bruises & spra9s2 %\ld be appli$ frequ5tly4 ,ars5ic4--,useful z a tonic or alt]ative4 ,dose1 five gra9s giv5 ?ree times a day 9 ! food4 ,belladonna 7,t9cture74--,useful 9 allay+ pa9s & spasms4 ,dose1 "o to two dra*ms1 repeat$ e f\r h\rs4 ,bromide ( ,potassium4--,useful z a n]ve s$ative4 ,dose1 two to f\r dra*ms ?ree times a day1 giv5 9 wat]4 ,ca/or ,oil4--,useful z a ca?>tic4 ,dose1 "o p9t4 ,*loral ,hydrate--,useful 9 allay+ pa94 ,dose1 "o-half ounce e f\r h\rs until relief comes4 ,*lor(orm4--,useful z an an/hetic & anodyne 9 allay+ pa94 ,dose1 "o to ?ree dra*ms giv5 9 f\r ounces cold wat]4 ,digitalis 7,t9cture74--,useful z a he>t /imulant4 ,also = c\ghs & colds4 ,dose1 "o dra*m ?ree times a day4 ,dov]s ,p[d]s4--,useful = colds & c\ghs4 ,dose1 ?ree dra*ms ?ree times a day 9 fe$4 ,g5tian4--,useful z a tonic4 ,dose ( t9cture1 "o ounce2 ( gr\nd1 "o half ounce--9 fe$ ?ree times a day4 ,g+]4--,useful z a tonic & /imulant4 ,dose1 t9cture1 "o ounce2 gr\nd1 "o ounce--9 fe$ ?ree times a day4 ,iod9e 7,t9cture74--,useful :5 appli$ ext]nally = spra9s1 bruises1 etc4 ,iod(orm4--,useful :5 appli$ to galls4 ,take "o "p iod(orm & ?ree p>ts sulphur & cov] ! gall ) ! p[d]4 ,iod(orm "o "p1 cosmol9e n9e p>ts1 makes a good antiseptic o9tm5t4 ,iron 7,sulphate74--,useful = worms & z a tonic4 ,dose1 "o half ounce ?ree times a day4 ,iron 7,t9cture74--,*ecks ble$+1 :5 appli$ ext]nally2 is a tonic int]nally4 ,dose1 "o half ounce 9 wat] ?ree times a day4 ,laudanum4--,useful 9 allay+ pa94 ,dose1 "o to two ounces1 to be repeat$ e two h\rs if pa9 la/s4 ,lead 7,acetate1 ,sug> ( ,lead74--,useful = w\nds1 bruises1 spra9s1 & to allay inflammation4 ,"o ounce to "o qu>t ( wat]1 & apply (t54 ,l9se$-oil4--,purgative4 ,dose1 t5 to ?irty ounces4 ,nitre 7,saltpetre1 ,nitrate ,pota%74--,is useful 9 fev]s1 blood disord]s1 & sluggi% kidneys4 ,dose1 "o half to "o ounce a day4 ,podophyll94--,useful 9 liv] disord]s4 ,dose1 "o to two dra*ms once a day4 ,qu99e4--,useful 9 all debilitat+ fev]s & :]e !re is loss ( appetite4 ,dose1 tw5ty to ?irty gra9s five times a day 9 pills4 ,res94--,useful 9 kidney disord]s4 ,dose1 "o half ounce ?ree times a day 9 fe$4 ,soda 7,bic>bonate74--,useful 9 cases :]e an antacid is requir$4 ,dose1 six dra*ms ?ree times a day 9 fe$4 ,soda ,sulphate 7,glaub] ,salts74--,useful :]e a sal9e laxative is requir$4 ,dose1 "o p\nd4 ,santon9e4--,useful = worms4 ,dose1 two to f\r dra*ms4 ,sweet ,spirits ,nitre4--,useful = colic & kidney tr\ble4 ,dose1 "o to two ounces 9 cold wat]1 to be repeat$ if necess>y4 ,z9c 7,sulphate74--,useful = w\nds4 ,add "o qu>t wat] to "o ounce z9c & apply ?ree times a day4 ,bran ,ma%4--,place bran 9 clean pail & p\r on z mu* boil+ wat] z x w absorb2 add ounce salt2 /ir & !n cov] ov] to reta9 /eam until suffici5tly cool2 add1 if on h&1 to ! bran a p\nd ( well-boil$ l9se$4 ,gruel4--,put #a p\nd ( meal 9 cold wat]1 place ov] fire1 & /ir until x boils2 !n simm] until ?ick2 p]mit to cool until temp]ature ( new milk2 add w9eglass ( spirits if animal be exhau/$4 ,p\ltice4--,bran1 ) a little l9se$-oil1 /eep$ 9 hot wat]2 boil$ turnips or c>rots2 l9se$-meal & a little olive-oil4 ,*>coal ,p\ltice is made by add+ l9se$-meal to boil+ wat] & /irr+ until a s(t mass is produc$2 !n /ir 9 p[d]$ *>coal & spr9kle "s ov] ! p\ltice :5 made up4 ,if desir$ z an a/r+5t1 add sulphate ( z9c4 ,mu/>d4--,add wat] to #a p\nd ( mu/>d until a ?ick pa/e2 rub on sk9 & !n wa% (f c>efully aft] #ae or #bj m9utes4 ,apply aga9 9 six h\rs if necess>y4 ,enemas4--,usually wat] at ! temp]ature ( ! body1 #c to #f qu>ts4 ,sometimes a little soap is add$4 ,can?>ides4--,if effect ( bli/] be too sev]e1 dim9i% by dress+ "p ) l9im5t ( lead1 acetate ( lead1 & olive-oil2 or wa% (f bli/] & dress ) oil4 ,gombault's ,cau/ic ,balsam is a mo/ excell5t vesicant4 ,tonics %\ld be giv5 "u obs]vation ( surgeon & effect c>efully wat*$1 especially m9]al tonics4 ,m9]al ,tonics4--,sulphate ( iron1 #a to #b dra*ms1 ) #b to #d dra*ms ( g+]2 or sulphate ( copp]1 to #a dra*m1 ) p[d]$ g5tian #b to #d dra*ms2 or ars5i\s acid1 #e gra9s4 ,vegetable ,tonics4--,qu99e1 to #a dra*m1 dissolv$ 9 a few drops ( sulphuric acid1 9 a p9t ( wat]2 or oak-b>k1 #b to #c dra*ms made into a ball ) treacle & bran2 or p[d]$ g5tian-root1 #a to #b dra*ms2 or t9cture ( g5tian1 #a to #b ounces 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,,symptoms ,,& ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,diseases4 ,,abscess4 ,symptoms4--,! result ( a bruise or blood impurities2 is att5d$ by pa91 heat1 & swell+1 ) 9 "t a s(t or fluctuat+ "p on its surface f :i* ! hair falls (f4 ,treatm5t4--,op5 ) a knife at ! s(t po9t & free ( matt]2 !n hot fom5tations or p\ltices are sometimes requir$2 apply twice a day c>bolic acid1 #a "p2 wat]1 #bj p>ts4 ,,bladd] ,,irritation4 ,symptoms4--,re/lessness2 frequ5t /ra9+2 protrud+ p5is2 pass+ small quantities ( ur9e at %ort int]vals4 ,treatm5t4--,re/2 pl5ty ( wat] & mucilag9\s fluids1 ) ounce bic>bonate ( soda or pota%2 w>m rugs ov] lo9s2 a p9t ( l9se$-oil if laxative is requir$4 ,,bladd] ,,inflammation4 ,symptoms4--,simil> to bladd] irritation1 b m aggravat$2 consid]able fev]1 indicat$ by quick pulse2 high temp]ature2 ar*+ ( back2 :isk+ tail2 frequ5t /ra9+2 pass+ a few drops ( ur9e at %ort int]vals1 g5]ally ?ickly color$1 ) ropy mucus & pus1 & sometimes blood4 ,treatm5t4--,if bladd] be di/5d$1 use g5tle manipulation & pressure p] rectum4 ,?is fail+1 use ca!t]4 ,apply hot blanket to ! lo9s1 & :5 remov$ rub t "p ) embrocation ( oil1 #f ounces2 /rong solution ( ammonia1 #a ounce2 & t9cture ( opium1 #b ounces4 ,give mucilag9\s dr9ks1 su* z l9se$-tea1 hay-tea1 etc41 & cool+1 laxative food4 ,aft] reliev+ conge/ion give ounce bic>bonate ( soda two or ?ree times a day 9 ! dr9k4 ,,b[els1 ,,inflammation ,,( 7,,ent]itis74 ,symptoms4--,simil> to ^? ( colic1 only !re is m di/ress1 & ! pa9 is cont9u\s1 & n 9 p>oxysms1 z is ! case 9 colic2 ! body is cov]$ ) p]spiration2 pulse quick & small2 extremities cold in/ead ( w>m1 z 9 colic4 ,treatm5t4--,p[d]$ opium1 #b dra*ms 9 wat]y solution2 belladonna1 #b dra*ms2 l9se$-oil1 #a p9t4 ,foll[+ ?is give #aj drops t9cture ( aconite & dra*m p[d]$ opium 9 wat]y solution e two h\rs4 ,frequ5t enemas ( tepid wat]2 mu/>d or v hot wat] to abdom52 h&-rub & b&age legs2 clo! w>mly4 ,bran ma%es & bran gruel = a %ort "t aft] recov]y4 ,ex]cise great c>e & give simple diet = "s days4 ,,bron*itis1 ,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,tubes ,,( ,,! ,,lungs4 ,symptoms4--,! fir/ day quick brea?+1 ) :i/l+ s\nd on li/5+ at side ( *e/1 or a deep] & m noisy s\nd at front ( *e/2 pulse h>d] & quick] ?an normal2 brea?+ quick5$2 no/ril r$ & inflam$4 ,ab\t second day increas$ secretion ( mucus & suppress$ c\gh2 pulse decreas$ 9 volume & m rapid2 brea?+ hurri$2 dilat$ no/ril2 heav+ flank4 ,treatm5t4--,place animal 9 airy box & clo! w>mly2 b&age legs2 bran ma%4 ,if legs be unequal 9 w>m? & coat incl9$ to />e1 give1 night & morn+1 #a ounce spirits nitric e!r1 #d ounces acetate ( ammonia1 #h ounces wat]4 ,if disease unmi/akably sets 91 give #a dra*m c>bonate ( ammonia1 or ounce sweet spirits ( nitre1 or sulphuric e!r1 e #d to #f h\rs4 ,if incl9$ to dr9k1 ounce nitre dissolv$ 9 ea* half pail ( wat] until ! kidneys act freely4 ,h animal inhale /eam f bucketful ( boil+ wat] & tablespoonful ( oil ( turp5t9e p\r$ ov] hay4 ,if con/ipat$1 #b ounces ,epsom salts1 #a ounce nitrate ( potassa1 until slight effect is produc$4 ,fom5t *e/ ) blanket wrung out ( hot wat]1 & also sides4 ,aft] ea* application slightly /imulate by rubb+ ) weak ammonia l9im5t 7#a "p liquid ammonia sesquic>bonate to #c p>ts olive-oil47 ,,burns4 ,treatm5t4--,cov] ) cosmol9e1 #aj p>ts1 c>bolic acid1 #a "p1 or ) rags soak$ 9 olive-oil to :i* a little sug> ( lead has be5 add$2 or du/ ?ickly ) />* or fl\r & cov] ) cotton-wool2 or l9im5t ( equal p>ts ( limewat] & l9se$-oil 7c>ron-oil74 ,,colic1 ,,spasmodic4 ,symptoms4--,! attack usually comes on sudd5ly2 ! horse paws1 kicks 8 belly1 looks at 8 flanks1 moves ab\t uneasily1 ?r[s himself d[n viol5tly & groans1 rolls1 lies on 8 back1 jumps up & (t5times comm5ces eat+4 ,! extremities cont9ue w>m1 & betwe5 ! p>oxysms ! pulse is normal4 ,treatm5t4--#a ounce *loral hydrate 9 p9t ( wat]--repeat 9 an h\r if necess>y2 or #a ounce t9cture ( opium & #a ounce sweet spirits ( nitre 9 p9t ( cold wat]1 repeat$ e half-h\r until well2 or #a ounces opium & #b ounces alcohol 9 p9t wat]--repeat 9 "o h\r if necess>y4 ,adm9i/] enema ( w>m wat] 9 :i* a little soap is dissolv$4 ,%\ld con/ipation be ! cause1 give aloes 9 solution1 #e to #h dra*ms1 or #a p9t ( l9se$-oil4 ,apply hot blanket to abdom54 ,h animal walk$ ab\t or belly well h&-rubb$1 & give p9t ( :iskey1 or br&y1 or any /imulant 9 p9t ( wat] if drugs be n at h&4 ,9 ,flatul5t ,colic1 :5 ! b[els are di/5d$ by gas1 detect$ by bloat$ appe>ance & resonance on p]cussion1 give promptly bak+-soda1 #b to #d ounces2 if ?is fails1 give c>bonate ( ammonia 9 -ounce doses e half-h\r1 or *loral hydrate1 #a ounce 9 p9t ( wat]4 ,physic ) #e to #h dra*ms ,b>badoes aloes or #a p9t l9se$-oil4 ,frequ5t enemas ( turp5t9e1 #a to #b ounces1 & l9se$-oil1 #h ounces4 ,apply hot blankets4 ,,con/ipation4 ,symptoms4--,uneas9ess2 di/5d$ abdom52 pulse & respiration ne>ly normal4 ,treatm5t4--,copi\s enemas ( tepid wat] & a little soap4 ,dose ( l9se$-oil1 #a p9ts4 ,sloppy food2 sl[ ex]cise4 ,,corns4 ,symptoms4--,^! bruises ( ! foot or heel are commonly caus$ by improp] %oe+1 or leav+ %oes on too long until !y become imb$d$4 ,!y are usually on =e feet1 9 t "p ( ! sole includ$ 9 ! angle betwe5 ! b> & ! outside wall ( ! ho(4 ,treatm5t4--,if lame & :5 ! spot is p>$ !re be matt]1 fom5t & p\ltice until lam5ess has disappe>$4 ,!n %oe ) b>-%oe re/+ on frog1 ! spot be+ reliev$ by cutt+ away horn4 ,,crack$ ,,heels 7,,scrat*es74 ,symptoms4--,?is is an inflammation ( ! oil-& sweat-gl&s ( ! sk91 due to exposure1 irritants1 mud1 fil?1 cold1 wa%+ heels ) inf]ior soaps1 cold draughts on heels1 /&+ 9 slu% or sn[4 ,treatm5t4--,remove hair2 p\ltice ) w>m bran & *>coal1 & keep clean2 apply o9tm5t--acetate ( lead #a "p1 l>d #c p>ts4 ,if sores be deep & pa9ful1 put on %oes ) high heels4 ,fe$ cool+1 laxative food4 ,,curb4 ,symptoms4--,spra9 ( ! sup]ior /raight ligam5t at ! back ( ! hock-jo9t4 ,x looks l a swoll5 knot a few in*es bel[ ! hock4 ,treatm5t4--,r$uce inflammation by hot fom5tations1 & aft] x has subsid$ apply b9iodide o9tm5t 7b9iodide ( m]cury #a "p1 l>d #ab p>ts71 or a l9im5t compos$ ( #b p>ts ( soap l9im5t & #a ( t9cture ( iod9e4 ,if !re be mu* ?ick5+1 bli/]4 ,,di/emp]4 ,symptoms4--,see ,,/rangles4 ,,f>cy4 ,f>cy ( a specific nature is id5tical ) gl&]s1 & is incurable4 ,,fi/ula4 ,symptoms4--,fi/ula ( )]s is ord9>ily due to badly fitt+ coll>s or saddles1 or to bruises4 ,treatm5t4--,if v slight1 remove all pressure at t po9t 7re/ if possible71 & ba! ) salt wat] or muriate ( ammonia frequ5tly4 ,if m advanc$1 use hot fom5tations4 ,if matt] =ms1 make free op5+ = its escape at l[e/ po9t4 ,treat ) solution ( sulphate ( z9c4 ,:5 ! sore becomes heal?y1 & ! core remov$1 use c>bolic dress+ & keep clean4 ,%\ld x break out aga91 inject ! abscess ) a solution ( sulphate ( z9c #bj gra9s to ! ounce ( wat] e second or ?ird day until entirely heal$4 ,,foot ,,inflammation4 ,symptoms4--,br\ght on by f\nd]1 h>d driv+1 lack ( moi/ure to ho(s1 indige/ion & fev]s1 punctures1 bruises1 etc4 ,manife/$ by increas$ temp]ature ( foot1 pa9 on mod]ate p]cussion ) hamm] ar\nd ! wall ( ho( t[>ds cl5*es & heel 7! opposite foot be+ held up71 & firm pressure by p9c]s ar\nd m>g9 ( ho( aft] removal ( %oe4 ,treatm5t4--,aft] locat+ ! injury remove surr\nd+ horn freely to prev5t =mation (1 or to give v5t to1 any matt]4 ,place foot 9 hot wat] = "o h\r1 & !n p\ltice4 ,dress ) t> & t[4 ,,f\nd]4 ,symptoms4--,lam9itis1 or acute f\nd]1 consi/s ( inflammation ( ! lam9 by :i* ! ho( is atta*$ to ! s5sitive foot1 caus$ by h>d driv+1 leav+ heat$ horse to /& 9 sn[1 /&+ 9 cold draughts1 too mu* gra9 & cold wat] aft]w>ds4 ,! animal ev9ces mu* di/ress & c sc>cely be made to move1 & :5 compell$ to /ir does s ) great difficulty & pa91 putt+ heels ( =e feet to ! gr\nd & br++ h9d feet =w>d "u body4 ,! feet are v hot & int5sely pa9ful1 & ! slighte/ p]cussion causes great agony4 ,9 /&+ ! =e feet are advanc$ if !y are affect$ 7mo/ frequ5tly ! case74 ,if !y are drawn "u ! body1 ! tr\ble is 9 ! h9d feet4 ,treatm5t4--,give #a p9t ( l9se$-oil2 remove %oes1 !n /& 9 cold wat] or wet clay mo/ ( ! "t = two or ?ree days1 & make cold applications to legs4 ,p\ltice if necess>y4 ,!n compel animal to take ex]cise on s(t1 damp gr\nd1 at fir/ sl[ly & = %ort di/ances4 ,if t5d]ness rema9s aft] inflammation has pass$1 bli/] ar\nd coronet1 & cont9ue ex]cise on damp gr\nd4 ,bli/] may be repeat$ e n9e days if necess>y4 ,be c>eful to apply bli/] 7can?>ides #a "p1 olive-oil #f or #h p>ts7 only on protub]ant b& :i* ext5ds = a f+]'s bread? above ! ho(1 & n on pa/]ns4 ,fe$ bran ma%es & grass4 ,place bucket ( wat] conta9+ ounce nitre ne> by if animal be fev]i%1 s t he may dr9k4 ,,galls 7see ,,sores74 ,treatm5t4--,remove ! cause & ba! ! spot ) ,ca/ile soap & cold wat] z (t5 z possible4 ,if ?is does n succe$1 a root w appe> at ! c5tre ( ! gall1 ! edges ( :i* w be cle>1 ! sitfa/ hold+ only by ! root4 ,pull x out ) p9c]s2 ba! frequ5tly ) cold wat]4 ,a little oil or grease1 free f salt1 or c>bolic acid #a "p1 glyc]9e #ae p>ts1 may be rubb$ lightly on ! p>ts z !y beg9 to heal4 ,:5 ! sore becomes heal?y1 cleanse ?or\ghly & apply #a "p iod(orm1 #c p>ts sulphur4 ,if necess>y to use ! animal1 cov] ) old-fa%ion$ /ick+-pla/]1 aft] putt+ on ! p[d] j indicat$4 ,if possible1 ! coll> or saddle %\ld n be> on ! spot4 ,,gl&]s4 ,be=e a horse is de/roy$ = ei!r gl&]s or f>cy he %\ld1 z soon z suspect$1 be sep>at$ f all ! o!r animals1 & e precaution tak5 to prev5t ! spread ( ! disease4 ,:5 ! disease is def9itely det]m9$1 de/roy ! animal at once1 burn all articles ( clo?+1 bru%es1 brooms1 etc41 & h o!r articles1 equipm5ts1 /alls1 etc41 ?or\ghly dis9fect$4 ,be> 9 m9d t ?is t]rible disease is highly contagi\s1 & easily communicat$ to man4 ,symptoms4--,! ?ree *>act]i/ic signs are3 #a/4 ,a peculi> transp>5t1 glut9\s1 & cont9u\s dis*>ge1 usually f "o no/ril1 :i* accumulates & entangles all k9ds ( fil?4 ,?is dis*>ge is at fir/ ?9 & aque\s1 b soon assumes ! *>act]i/ic gl>y condition1 & is g5]ally ( a /raw-color1 b 9 v late /ages becomes m purul5t4 #b;d4 ,ulc]ation ( ! muc\s membranes ( ! no/rils4 ,be=e ulc]ation takes place 9 ! no/rils ! membrane ( ! "p usually assumes a d+y lead5 or slate color1 (t5 9 pat*es1 & ! o!r p>ts highly inject$4 ,! ultimate symptom1 leav+ no d\bt ( ! "* ( ! disease1 is ! =mation ( true ulc]s 9 ! no/rils4 ,! ulc]ation usually comm5ces ) a small vesicle on ! membrane1 :i* aft] a few days bur/s1 leav+ a small unheal?y ulc]1 :i* has no disposition to heal1 b1 on ! contr>y1 gradually spreads & deep5s4 ,! no/ril fir/ affect$ by dis*>ge is g5]ally fir/ affect$ by ulc]ation4 ,aft] ! =mation ( ulc]s ! dis*>ge is (t5 t+$ ) blood1 & becomes (f5sive4 #c;d4 ,! submaxill>y gl&1 9 ! *annel =m$ betwe5 ! l[] jaw-bones1 becomes swoll5 & pa9ful1 b1 z a rule1 %[s no incl9ation to suppurate4 ,x soon becomes h>d & firmly atta*$ to ! jawbone1 & ceases to be pa9ful on ! application ( pressure4 ,on any "o ( ! above-enum]at$ symptoms appe>+1 at once isolate ! animal2 h b$d+ de/roy$1 & c>efully remove all clo?+1 /able ut5sils1 etc41 f ! vic9ity ( o!r horses4 ,place a /eady man 9 *>ge1 & w>n him ( 8 p]sonal dang]4 ,,grease4 ,symptoms4--,a diseas$ /ate ( ! sk9 ( ! legs1 m especially ! h9d ones1 caus$ by uncleanl9ess or wa%+ ) cold wat] & n prop]ly dry+ !m aft]w>ds4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages x consi/s ( intol]able it*+1 foll[$ by an inflammation ( ! sweat-gl&s1 & an (f5sive oily dis*>ge4 ,! heels feel hot & greasy4 ,treatm5t4--,trim hair2 p\ltice ) w>m bran & *>coal = sev]al days1 *ang+ twice a day1 & clean+ ) sponge & tepid wat] ea* "t2 or apply a flaxse$ p\ltice ov] :i* has be5 p\r$ "s lotion consi/+ ( sug> ( lead oz41 c>bolic acid #a dra*m1 wat] #a qu>t4 ,!n1 if animal is n weak1 give a dose ( purgative m$ic9e1 & :5 x has act$ apply to ! heels a dress+ ( vasel9e #a oz41 oxide ( z9c #b dra*ms1 iodiz$ ph5ol #bj drops2 or equal p>ts ( sulphate ( z9c & sug> ( lead 9 wat]2 or c>bolic acid #a "p1 glyc]9e #bj p>ts1 appli$ ) a bru% & cov]$ ) l9t & b&age1 is good aft] p\ltic+4 ,:5 ! frog is affect$1 p>e to ! quick & dress ) dry cau/ic p[d]s 7quicklime1 copp]as1 blue/one7 or c>bolic acid1 & put on tight b&age1 ! dress+ be+ r5ew$ e day at lea/4 ,:5 !re is any t5d5cy to inflammation or ulc]ation ( sk9 ( heels 9 bad wea!r1 dress ) l>d or tall[1 or l>d #h p>ts & alum #a "p4 ,,hide-,,b\nd4 ,symptoms4--,! hide becomes tightly drawn ov] ! fle%1 & ! coat h>d & />+4 ,treatm5t4--,aloes #a oz41 sulphur #c oz41 g+] oz41 l9se$-meal oz4 ,make into six balls1 & give "o night & morn+4 ,,ho(-,,b\nd4 ,symptoms4--,?is is ! result ( "s prec$+ disease ( ! foot1 giv+ rise to an atrophy ( ! fle% /ructures ( ! foot1 all[+ ! wall to fall 9 & become contract$4 ,treatm5t4--,/& 9 moi/ place2 apply bli/]+ liquid 7p[d]$ can?>ides #a "p1 olive-oil #f to #h p>ts7 to coronet4 ,,hock-,,lam5ess4 ,?is applies to a v>iety ( diseases1 su* z bog-& blood-spav91 bone-spav91 curb1 spra9$ ligam5ts1 etc41 all ( :i* give rise to lam5ess4 ,treatm5t4--,re/2 hot fom5tations to allay inflammation2 h&-rubb+ & bli/]+ are us$ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,,influ5za4 ,symptoms4--,?is specific epizotic fev] ( a l[ type1 associat$ ) inflammation ( ! respiratory muc\s membrane1 beg9s v sudd5ly ) m>k$ fev]2 great dulness & extreme weakness2 heada*e2 limbs /iff & weak2 pulse quick5$2 eyelids swoll5 & te>ful1 &1 if inv]t$1 appe> p9k or d>k r$2 dis9cl9ation to move2 legs swoll52 %ort1 pa9ful c\gh1 betray+ sor5ess ( ?roat2 difficulty 9 swall[+2 hurri$ brea?+ 7if brea?+ hurri$ & no/rils dilat$1 inflammation ( lungs is to be appreh5d$72 sometimes dis*>ge f no/rils1 z 9 cat>rh1 or !re may be only a ?91 yell[i%1 transp>5t fluid f ! no/rils4 ,if b[els are involv$1 ! horse exhibits symptoms ( abdom9al pa94 ,if liv] is also involv$1 ! l9+ membrane ( ! eyelid w be a yell[i%-r$ hue4 ,con/ipation or di>rha almo/ inv>iably pres5t4 ,treatm5t4--,isolate2 re/2 nurse c>efully4 ,box /all :]e ! temp]ature %\ld be ab\t #fj2 clo!1 h&-rub & b&age legs s z to ma9ta9 normal temp]ature4 ,rub ?roat & well t[>ds e>s ) l9im5t made ( soap l9im5t #b oz41 comp\nd camphor l9im5t #b oz41 & t9cture ( opium oz4 7,soap l9im5t is compos$ ( s(t-soap #d oz41 camphor #a oz41 pro( spirits #b p9ts1 solution ( ammonia p9t4 ,comp\nd-camphor l9im5t is compos$ ( camphor #a oz41 olive-oil #b oz47 ,if c\gh is sev]e1 /eam no/rils ) bucket ( boil+ wat] & tablespoonful ( turp5t9e p\r$ ov] hay4 ,%\ld !re be con/ipation )\t symptoms ( b[el complications1 give injection ( soap-suds & mild dose ( ,epsom salts1 b n o!rwise4 ,if di>rha be pres5t1 d n *eck unless x increases ! debility1 & !n give />* or fl\r gruel ) an ounce or two ( prep>$ *alk4 ,if abdom9al pa9 be great1 apply hot blankets2 same to *e/ if involv$4 ,qu99e 9 #bj-;gra9 doses f\r or five times a day4 ,give sal9e ag5ts1 su* z #a oz4 sulphate ( magnesia2 or #a oz4 hyposulphate ( soda2 or #d oz4 acetate ( ammonia ) #a oz4 nitric e!r1 once or twice a day4 ,gruel ( bran or oatmeal ) a little nitre !re91 or cold wat] ) nitre = dr9k4 ,bran ma% & scald$ oats = food4 ,,lam5ess4 ,lam5ess1 :5 9 ! foot1 is indicat$ by ! animal po9t+2 9 ! %\ld] by ! animal dragg+ or sw++ ! limb 9 a rot>y mann]4 ,9 ! majority ( cases x is bel[ ! knee :5 9 ! =e leg1 & 9 ! hock-jo9t :5 9 ! h9d leg4 ,exam9e c>efully1 & h ! animal trott$ sl[ly bo? t[>ds & f y4 ,if ! lam5ess be 9 front ! animal drops on ! well qu>t]1 & ?r[s 8 head up :5 ! uns\nd leg is plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,if lame beh9d he hit*es up ! lame qu>t]1 & nods ! head :5 ! s\nd leg is plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,!n det]m9e location4 ,if 9 foot1 ! lam5ess is m app>5t on h>d ?an on s(t gr\nd4 ,if lame else:]e1 x w be z app>5t1 & probably m app>5t1 on s(t z on h>d gr\nd 7except 9 spl9t & o!r exo/oses71 & is usually "s spra9 ( a ligam5t betwe5 knee & fetlock 9 =e leg1 & 9 hock ( h9d leg4 7,see ,corns2 ,crack$ ,heels2 ,curb2 ,foot ,inflammation2 ,f\nd]2 ,grease2 ,hock ,lam5ess2 ,ho(-b\nd47 ,,lampas4 ,symptoms4--,swoll5 condition ( ro( ( m\? caus$ by cold1 indige/ion1 or gr[+ tee?4 ,treatm5t4--,laxative food1 & ev5 a mild dose ( laxative m$ic9e if requir$4 ,rub m\? ) salt or a little alum & wat]4 ,,l>yngitis 7,,inflammation ,,( ,,! ,,?roat74 ,symptoms4--,sore ?roat consi/s ( inflammation ( head ( w9dpipe1 indicat$ by c\gh & difficulty 9 swall[+2 hot & t5d] 9 region ( gullet2 ! lea/ pressure may produce p>oxysms ( c\gh+2 pulse quick1 respiration some:at hurri$4 ,treatm5t4--,place 9 box /all :]e atmosph]e is w>m & moi/2 avoid cold air2 hot-wat] fom5tations1 & rub ?roat ) ammonia l9im5t 7#a "p liquid ammonia1 #a "p can?>ides1 #b p>ts olive oil27 s(t laxative food or grass1 no hay2 sponge ?roat ) solution ( nitrate ( silv] #aj gra9s to #a oz4 ( wat]2 /eam no/rils e #ae m9utes ) bucket ( boil+ wat] & tablespoonful ( turp5t9e p\r$ ov] hay4 ,no laxative m$ic9e if avoidable4 ,use enemas1 & if necess>y give #b oz4 ,epsom salts 9 a p9t ( wat] ) two drams ( g+] night & morn+ = sev]al days4 ,keep temp]ature ( body normal by clo?+1 & give febrifuges 9 ! =m ( small doses ( dram belladonna & #a oz4 nitre made into a s(t ball or dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,,mange4 ,symptoms4--,an eruptive disease1 v contagi\s2 usually mo/ sev]e 9 w9t]2 ord9>ily induc$ by inatt5tion to cleanl9ess or contagion4 ,indicat$ by it*+1 hair fall+ (f1 sk9 becom+ dry1 wr9kl$1 & scaly1 ) raw spots & cracks ov] ! body4 ,treatm5t4--,if coat be long x may be necess>y to clip x4 ,wa% well ) w>m wat] & soap2 apply p>aff9e oil daily & all[ to dry2 or sulphur & l9se$ oil well rubb$ 92 or oil ( t> & sulphur #b oz4 ea*1 & l9se$ oil #a p9t4 ,aft] treat+ a few days1 use sal soda lb4 to "o gallon ( hot wat] to wa% (f body & clean sk94 ,,navicul> ,,disease4 ,symptoms4--,consi/s ( spra9 ( ! flexor t5don1 or its %ea?1 z x passes ov] navicul> bone1 giv+ rise to inflammation ( ! jo9t4 ,if foot-lam5ess exi/s )\t app>5t cause1 animal po9ts =e foot )\t re/+ h9d qu>t]s1 we>s away toe1 goes up hill s\nd] ?an he goes d[n1 feet1 z a rule1 contract$ & hott] ?an usual1 we may suspect navicul> disease4 ,treatm5t4--,re/2 all[ frog to be> on gr\nd2 cold p\ltices1 or /& 9 cold wat] or on clay temp]$ ) salt & wat]2 laxative food4 ,9 a week bli/] ar\nd coronet & 9 holl[ ( heel4 ,?is disease c only be alleviat$1 n cur$4 ,,oph?almia 7,,sore ,,eyes74 ,symptoms4--,may arise f undue exposure to sun1 cold1 w9d1 du/1 etc4 ,=eign sub/ances usually lodge "u ! upp] eyelid4 ,! eyelids are swoll51 te>s runn+ d[n face1 ) intol]ance ( light4 ,treatm5t4--,ba! ) w>m wat]2 dress daily ) t9cture ( opium #b drams1 sulphate ( z9c #d grs41 or alum #f grs4 & wat] #a oz41 & %ade eyes ) wide b&age susp5d$ f br[-b&4 ,keep 9 d>k /able & avoid us+ 9 bright sunlight4 ,if fev]i%1 give bran ma%es4 ,ba! ) cold wat] if unable to obta9 w>m4 ,,p>alysis ,,( ,,h9d ,,qu>t]s4 ,symptoms4--,p>tial or complete loss ( volunt>y motion ( ! p>ts1 usually br\ght on by high fe$+ & no ex]cise4 ,treatm5t4--#a dram p[d]$ nux vomica twice a day2 good nurs+2 easily dige/$ food2 dose ( ,glaub] salts4 ,,ph>yngitis 7,,sore ,,?roat74 ,treatm5t4--,rub ! ?roat ) turp5t9e l9im5t 7equal p>ts ( turp5t9e & olive oil74 ,,pleurisy4 ,symptoms4--,"o side ( *e/ g5]ally affect$1 especially at fir/4 ,:5 indep5d5t ( pneumonia x g5]ally beg9s sudd5ly ) %iv]+2 brea?+ quick & %all[2 no/rils dilat$2 respiration %ort & quick2 regul> elevat$ l9e or ridge along ! l[] bord] ( ! ribs f ! po9t ( ! hip to ! l[] "p ( ! /]num2 fev]2 %ort1 dry1 pa9ful c\gh2 sigh+ grunt occasionally or :5 turn$ ar\nd2 9 e>ly /ages if e> be appli$ to *e/ a s\nd l rubb+ dry h&s toge!r w be he>d2 pulse h>d & wiry1 at fir/ ab\t #fj1 runs to #hj1 & 9 bad cases to #ajj & ov]1 b n s full & oppress$ z 9 pneumonia2 re/less & looks at side ) anxi\s eye ( pa92 paws ! gr\nd2 does n lie d[n1 b attempts to d s2 temp]ature ( extremities irregul>4 ,portions may be cold1 o!rs hot4 ,9 ! second /age ! friction s\nd 9 *e/ disappe>s2 c\gh loose & moi/2 extremities = a "t w>m2 pulse less frequ5t1 small]1 & weak]2 brea?+ less labor$2 membrane ( no/ril loses r$ness4 ,treatm5t4--,roomy /able free f draughts2 fom5t ) blankets /eep$ 9 hot wat] & wrung out1 z 9 pneumonia2 cont9ue ?is = "s "t1 & :5 discont9u$ rub dry1 & aft] f\r or five days1 :5 acute /age has some:at subsid$1 apply to sides l9im5t compos$ ( olive oil #b oz41 t9ct4 can?>ides #a oz41 solution ( ammonia #a oz41 on alt]nate days4 ,?is l9im5t is n appli$ until ! pa9 manife/$ by re/lessness has subsid$2 clo! body4 ,if legs be cold1 h&-rub & flannel b&age4 ,f ! beg9n+ give ! foll[+ dr5* e six h\rs3 solution ( acetate ( ammonia #c oz41 spirits ( nitr\s e!r #a oz41 bic>bonate ( potassium #c drams1 wat] #a p9t4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! attack1 if pa9 s sev]e z to cause animal to lie d[n or paw1 give t9cture ( opium #b oz42 raw l9se$ oil #ab oz42 laxative food2 #b oz4 sulphate ( soda or #a oz4 nitrate ( potassa 9 a bucket ( wat] to dr9k1 & r5ew z (t5 z necess>y2 if con/ipat$1 #b oz4 ,epsom salts dissolv$ 9 wat] ) oz4 nitrate ( potassa twice a day2 or enemas ( w>m wat] may be all t is necess>y4 ,! treatm5t dur+ fev] & if debilitat$ is z = pneumonia2 9 fact ! g5]al treatm5t is ! same1 except ! "t ( apply+ l9im5t4 ,,pneumonia4 ,symptoms4--,usually beg9s ) sudd5 %iv]+1 foll[$ by coldness ( e>s & extremities2 o!r signs ( inflammation2 />+ coat4 ,! coldness ( extremities is a m>k$ sign ?r\gh\t ! disease4 ,animal uneasy2 turns head frequ5tly to *e/2 pulse oppress$ & quick1 g5]ally ab\t #fj at comm5cem5t1 becomes quick]1 & may run to #ajj1 gradually becom+ small] 9 volume2 temp]ature rises rapidly1 frequ5tly to #ajd or #aje ,f42 c\gh may or may n be pres5t4 ,9 e>ly /ages nasal l9+s pal] ?an usual1 b become purpli% & !n ( lead5 hue2 respiration di/urb$ at once2 animal p]si/5tly /&s ) =e legs wide ap>t & elb[s out2 nev] lies d[n except = a mom5t at a "t1 or 9 extremis2 head incl9$ d[nw>ds1 nose protrud$1 no/rils dilat$4 ,9 e>ly /ages a confus$ humm+ noise accompani$ by a h>%1 dry murmur is he>d :5 e> is appli$ to *e/2 z ! inflammation progresses ! dry murmur gives way to a moi/ rattle4 ,treatm5t4--,box /all free f draughts2 pl5ty ( fre% air2 blanket body2 rub & b&age legs twice a day2 pl5ty ( dr9k+-wat] ne> at all times2 rub affect$ side ) l9im5t 7#b oz4 olive oil1 #a oz4 t9cture ( can?>ides1 #a oz4 solution ( ammonia71 & repeat 9 f\r or five days4 ,if wea!r n too cold & great c>e c be tak51 fir/ apply closely to *e/1 e half h\r = f\r or five h\rs1 a blanket wrung out ( hot wat]1 & wrap a dry "o ov] x2 aft]w>ds rub on ! above l9im5t1 & cov] closely ) a blanket4 ,d n use mu/>d4 ,no purgatives1 b give laxative diet1 scald$ oats1 bran1 & l9se$ ma%es4 ,if necess>y1 give enemas ( w>m wat] ?ree or f\r times a day4 ,e six h\rs give solution ( acetate ( ammonia #c oz41 spirits ( nitr\s e!r #a oz41 bic>bonate ( potassium #c drams1 wat] #a p9t4 ,if ?is _c be done1 put #c drams bi-c>bonate ( potassium into e bucketful ( wat] he w dr9k4 ,give e ?ree h\rs dur+ fev] #a dram qu99e 9 capsule1 or mix$ ) a little l9se$ meal & molasses4 ,if mu* debilitat$1 #f oz4 :iskey 9 #a p9t ( wat] e f\r or five h\rs4 ,,purg+4 ,9 cases ( excessive purg+1 ei!r f disease or an ov]dose ( m$ic9e1 use extract ( cate*u #a dram1 c9namon #a dram1 p[d]$ opium dram4 ,?is may be repeat$ two or ?ree times a day1 ?ick :eat5 gruel be+ giv5 at ! same "t4 ,,punctures ,,f ,,%oe+4 ,symptoms4--,if inflammation be pres5t1 ! foot w be v hot1 & :5 /&+ /ill ! animal cont9ually re/s x or moves x ab\t uneasily & is afraid to put 8 weight on x4 ,if tapp$ ) a hamm] on ! spot1 or if ! sole & wall at ! "p be press$ by p9c]s1 suff]+ is manife/$4 ,treatm5t4--,remove %oe2 p>e sole ov] injury until q ?92 make op5+ betwe5 sole & wall ) a small draw+-knife across ! track ( ! nail to relieve pressure & =m an exit = matt]2 !n put foot 9 bucket ( hot wat] = an h\r or s1 & aft]w>ds hot p\ltice4 ,:5 lam5ess has disappe>$1 re%oe1 leav+ out nail at injur$ po9t & fill+ up ! cavity ) t> & t[4 ,,quittor4 ,symptoms4--,9 all cases 9 :i* matt] =ms 9 ! foot1 :e!r f pricks1 corns1 or bruises1 unless x has free op5+ to escape by x acts z an irritant1 ext5d+ 9 e direction 9 s9uses1 & f9ally works its way to ! coronet1 :]e x bur/s & =ms a fi/ul\s sore4 ,treatm5t4--,fom5t2 apply p\ltice2 :5 abscess op5s1 keep wa%$ ) c>bolic acid4 ,keep op5 until int]nal disease is ?or\ghly eradicat$2 !n keep clean ) cold wat] & dress ) sulphate ( copp]1 iron1 or z9c1 #e gra9s ( ei!r to #a oz4 ( wat]2 or c>bolic acid #bj drops 9 glyc]9e #bj drops1 & add$ to #a oz4 ( wat]4 ,= treads or w\nds on coronet betwe5 hair & ho(1 & :5 ! sore has become heal?y 9 case ( quittor1 a good treatm5t is common turp5t9e & hog's l>d1 equal p>ts melt$ toge!r4 ,spread on t[ & b9d on w\nd ) b&age4 ,,r+worm4 ,symptoms4--,?is contagi\s disease is due to ! pres5ce ( a p>asite 9 ! sk91 & is manife/$ by ! hair fall+ out 9 circul> pat*es4 ,treatm5t4--,dress pat*es ) bli/]+ o9tm5t 7p[d]$ can?>ides #a "p1 l>d #f p>ts71 or ) t> dress+ z = mange4 ,,rheumatism4 ,a peculi> =m ( inflammation attack+ ! fibr\s /ructures ( ! body4 ,treatm5t4--,laxative food2 #f dra*ms ( aloes1 #a dra*m ( calomel1 z a ca?>tic2 #a oz4 bic>bonate ( soda1 foll[$ daily by a dose half t am\nt ) oz4 nitrate ( pota%2 if ^! fail1 give #b dra*ms ( iodide ( potassium 9 addition4 ,fom5t ) hot wat] to :i* poppy-heads h be5 add$1 dry ?or\ghly1 & apply flannel b&ages4 ,clo! w>mly4 ,keep quiet4 ,,s&-,,crack4 ,symptoms4--,a split 9 ! wall ( ! ho( comm5c+ on top ne> ! coronet & ext5d+ d[nw>d4 ,treatm5t4--,apply b>-%oe & use ho( o9tm5t 7t> & l>d1 equal p>ts1 melt$ toge!r74 ,if ! animal be lame1 remove %oe & imm]se ! foot 9 a bucket ( hot wat] = an h\r or two1 & !n p\ltice4 ,,scurvy4 ,symptoms4--,eruptions & it*+1 (t5 9 ! b5d ( ! knee1 ! hock1 or mane & tail4 ,treatm5t4--,apply o9tm5t 7iodide ( sulphur #a dra*m1 glyc]9e #f oz472 give c>bonate ( soda #a oz4 twice a day2 oz4 ,f[l]'s solution ( ars5ic twice a day4 ,mild laxative food4 ,,sores4 ,symptoms4--,sores on back1 )]s1 or %\ld]s are ord9>ily due to rec5t swell+s f bl[s or injuries ( "s k9d4 ,treatm5t4--,sulphate ( z9c #d dra*ms1 cold wat] #a qu>t2 apply by wa%+ or ) wett$ b&ages4 ,or fir/ cleanse a heal?y sore ) soap & wat]1 !n apply sulphur #c p>ts1 iod(orm #a "p4 ,,spra9s4 ,spra9s consi/ 9 an ov]/ret*+ ( a muscle1 t5don1 or ligam5t to su* a degree z to rupture "s ( ! fibres ( :i* x is compos$4 ,!y are divid$ into muscul> spra9s1 t5don\s spra9s1 & ligam5t\s spra9s4 ,muscul> spra9s usually occur 9 ! p[]ful muscles ( ! lo9s & qu>t]s2 !y are s]i\s & (t5 p]man5t injuries4 ,t5don\s spra9s are ! mo/ common1 & ! flexor t5dons ( ! =e legs are mo/ frequ5tly affect$4 ,ligam5t\s spra9s are s]i\s injuries1 & may occur 9 any ( ! num]\s ligam5ts belong+ to ! jo9ts ( ! body4 ,! pr9ciples ( treatm5t are ! same z = t5dons4 ,symptoms4--,spra9s ( t5dons & ligam5ts are manife/$ by heat1 swell+1 pa9 on manipulation1 & lam5ess4 ,treatm5t4--,fir/ r$uce ! inflammation by re/ & con/ant use ( hot fom5tations4 ,if ! spra9 be sev]e & at ! re> "p ( ! =e or h9d leg1 raise ! heel ( ! %oe on ! affect$ leg an in* or m4 ,all traces ( ! inflammation hav+ disappe>$1 apply cold wat] & l95 b&ages1 & give a little sl[ ex]cise4 ,%\ld ! swell+ %[ no signs ( subsid+1 or ! lam5ess cont9ue aft] long & c>eful treatm5t1 fir+ may be consid]$1 b %\ld only be und]tak5 by a skilful surgeon4 ,! diet %\ld be laxative4 ,,spra9s ,,( ,,back ,,& ,,lo9s4 ,treatm5t4--,re/2 keep b[els op5 ) w>m bran ma%es & a dose ( ,glaub] salts 7 to #a lb4 sulphate ( soda72 also #a dra*m acetate ( potassa twice a day = t5 days4 ,treat ext]nally ) hot fom5tations1 or bli/] if necess>y4 ,,/rangles4 ,symptoms4--,sick & (f fe$1 ) possibly slight cat>rh & fev]i% symptoms2 abscess =ms betwe5 bones ( l[] jaw or else:]e 9 ! gr\p ( lymphatic gl&s2 sore ?roat2 difficulty 9 swall[+2 slobb]s2 un?rift9ess2 />+ coat2 loss ( condition2 dulness & languor4 ,treatm5t4--,place 9 cool box ) pl5ty ( fre% air2 support /r5g? by nutriti\s food2 all k9ds ( s(t & mac]at$ food are good2 if con/ipat$1 give laxative food & enemas1 b no /rong purgative mu/ be us$2 if necess>y1 p9t ( l9se$-oil1 repeat$ 9 #bd h\rs if requir$4 ,tonics1 su* z #bj gra9s ( qu99e1 or #a oz4 gr\nd g5tian1 or #a teaspoonful sulphate ( iron1 ?ree times a day4 ,br+ swell+ to a head by a p\ltice ( flaxse$1 c>rots1 or turnips4 ,if suffocation be ?reat5$1 a tube mu/ be plac$ 9 ! w9dpipe4 ,?is %\ld be done by a skilful surgeon4 ,,sun/roke4 ,symptoms4--,manife/$ sudd5ly4 ,animal /ops1 drops 8 head1 beg9s to /agg]1 & soon falls to ! gr\nd unconsci\s4 ,! brea?+ is ) great /]tor1 pulse v sl[ & irregul>1 cold sweats 9 pat*es4 ,9 heat exhau/ion ! animal usually requires urg+ = "s "t previ\s to ! appe>ance ( any o!r symptoms2 g5]ally p]spiration is *eck$1 & !n he becomes weak 9 8 gait2 brea?+ hurri$ or pant+2 eyes wat]y & blood%ot2 no/rils dilat$ & highly r$d5$1 assum+ a d>k purple color2 ! pulse is rapid & weak1 ! he>t b\nd+1 foll[$ by unconsci\sness & dea?4 ,treatm5t4--,blood-lett+ is =bidd54 ,apply ice or v cold wat] to ! head & along ! sp9e = sun/roke1 b 9 case ( heat exhau/ion apply clo?s wrung out ( hot wat]4 ,! foll[+ applies to bo? cases3 ,give oz4 c>bonate ( ammonia or #f oz4 ( :iskey 9 a p9t ( wat]2 injections p] rectum1 ( mod]ately /rong g+]-tea or weak ammonia-wat]2 brisk friction ( ! limbs & ! application ( spirits ( camphor4 ,repeat /imulants 9 an h\r if pulse has n become /rong] & sl[]4 ,:5 reaction has occurr$ & dur+ convalesc5ce1 tonics may be giv53 sulphate ( iron #a dra*m1 g5tian #c dra*ms1 r$ c9*ona-b>k #b dra*ms2 mix & give 9 ! fe$ night & morn+4 ,,swe5y4 ,symptoms4--,consi/s ( a spra9 ( ! muscles cov]+ ! out] surface ( ! %\ld]-blade1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y become wa/$1 leav+ _! place holl[4 ,treatm5t4--,fe$ muscle-mak+ food & give mod]ate ex]cise4 ,apply f "t to "t a mild bli/] 7p[d]$ can?>ides #a "p1 olive-oil #ab p>ts47 ,,swell$ ,,legs4 ,swell$ legs are m (t5 due to g5]al debility ?an to any o!r cause1 ?\gh x may arise f lack ( ex]cise1 wet or fil?1 or neglect$ cases ( grease or scrat*es4 ,treatm5t4--,h&-rub2 b&age ! legs2 w>m clo?+2 g5tle ex]cise2 g5]\s diet if ! animal be poor2 mild dose ( physic 9 "s cases 7 p9t ( l9se$-oil74 ,vegetable & m9]al tonics are useful 9 "s cases4 ,,?ru%4 ,symptoms4--,arises f neglect & want ( use4 ,manife/s itself "u ! =m ( an acrid1 /rong-smell+1 unheal?y secretion issu+ f ! s5sitive frog ?r\gh ! cleft ( ! ins5sitive frog2 mo/ common 9 h9d foot4 ,treatm5t4--,cleanse & keep clean bo? feet & :]e ! animal /&s4 ,aft] cleans+ foot g5tly ?ru/ to ! bottom ( ! cleft a piece ( f9e t[ saturat$ ) #a "p c>bolic acid1 #bj p>ts wat]1 & !n cov] ) dry t[4 ,repeat night & morn+ = a few days & !n dress ) calomel & dry t[4 ,keep frog free f dirt & moi/ure4 ,,ur9e1 ,,ret5tion ,,(4 ,symptoms4--,uneas9ess1 di/ress1 anxiety ( c\nt5ance2 if relief is n soon obta9$1 pulse becomes quick & h>d1 & ultimately imp]ceptible2 /ret*+ out 9 endeavor to void ur9e2 lies d[n & rises up frequ5tly2 clammy sweats4 ,treatm5t4--,place fre% /raw "u animal2 p\r+ wat] may produce sympa!tic action2 /eady pressure ( ! h&1 pass$ ?r\gh ! anus1 on ! fundus ( ! bladd] may accompli% result2 rub belly1 or wa% out %ea? ?or\ghly if caus$ by dirt2 #b ounces sweet spirits ( nitre 9 p9t ( wat]1 or #a p9t l9se$-oil & aft]w>ds opium #a dra*ms1 camphor #b dra*ms2 repeat 9 #a or #b h\rs if necess>y4 ,if necess>y to pass a ca!t]1 ! h& well oil$ is pass$ up ! %ea?1 ! p5is grasp$ & g5tly br\ght =w>d & held by an assi/ant2 ! ca!t]1 well oil$1 is !n introduc$ & c>efully pu%$ =w>d1 & :5 x rea*es ! p]9um x %\ld be guid$ =w>d & upw>ds by g5tle pressure ( ! f+]s4 ,,ur9e1 ,,non-,,ret5tion ,,(4 ,symptoms4--,besides excessive /al+ !re is extreme ?ir/1 dry sk91 r\gh1 />+ coat1 dige/ion usually out ( ord]4 ,treatm5t4--,*ange diet2 give #a dra*m iodide ( potassium 9 #aj oz4 wat] daily betwe5 meals4 ,,w>bles4 ,symptoms4--,rec5t s(t swell+s or tumors aris+ f inflammation ( ! sk9 due to friction or undue pressure4 ,treatm5t4--,remove cause by n p]mitt+ ! saddle or coll> to t\* x1 & treat ) salt wat]4 ,try to disp]se1 b if necess>y to op5 x d s fully & t\* ) cau/ic4 ,!n use cold-wat] dress+s4 ,,w>ts4 ,treatm5t4--,:5 small1 remove by scrap+ surface & dress+ ) *loride ( z9c2 if l>ge1 remove ) knife1 & if necess>y t\* ) hot iron4 ,if )\t appreciable base1 apply a pa/e ( sulphur & sulphuric acid until x sl\ghs & !n dress z an ord9>y w\nd4 ,,worms4 ,treatm5t4--#b oz4 turp5t9e 9 a p9t ( l9se$-oil4 ,! mo/ effectual treatm5t is to adm9i/] daily = t5 days or two weeks #b dra*ms sulphate ( iron & !n give a dose ( physic2 *ange diet2 tonic4 ,,w\nds4 ,simple w\nds dem& little att5tion o!r ?an cleanl9ess4 ,fir/4--,suppress hemorrhage by cold applications ) pressure4 ,if ! ble$+ be pr(use1 cont9u\s1 & ( a bright r$ color1 apply pressure to trunk ( art]y high] up leg 7if leg is injur$7 ?an ! w\nd1 i4e41 apply betwe5 w\nd & he>t4 ,tie a flat web1 cord1 or h&k]*ief loosely ar\nd ! leg1 lay a pad =m$ ( ano!r h&k]*ief imm$iately above ! art]y1 pass a /ick ?r\gh ! loop on opposite side ( leg to pad & turn x ar\nd s z to twi/ loop tightly4 ,a plug ( cotton1 t[1 sponge1 or rag made into conical %ape ) po9t ( cone t[>d ble$+ orifice is also useful2 remove clots ( blood1 apply plug & reta9 x by rags1 t[1 etc4 ,9 l>ge1 gap+ w\nds ! f+] or ev5 ! clos$ fi/ may be effectually employ$ until assi/ance arrives4 ,cold wat]1 ice1 t>1 p]*loride ( iron1 felt1 wool1 spid]'s web1 etc41 may all be employ$ ) m or less effect 9 /opp+ ble$+4 ,second4--,remove all =eign matt]1 dirt1 spl9t]s ( wood or bone1 bullets1 etc41 z f> z possible1 by all[+ lukew>m wat] to /ream ov] w\nd f ! m\? ( a vessel2 or a piece ( sponge or t[ may be press$ on "s "p above ! w\nd s t ! wat] may trickle ov] x2 b ! abrad$ "p is n to be t\*$ except 9 ! removal ( =eign sub/ances by =ceps or o!rwise4 ,!n use cold-wat] dress+s2 apply soo?+ applications1 wat]y solution ( opium1 c>bolic acid lotion1 t9cture ( arnica1 or simple o9tm5t4 ,hot fom5tations may be us$ aft] cleans+ to r$uce inflammation4 ,compress & b&age are pref]able to /it*es 9 br++ ! p>ts toge!r2 ! =m] to be us$ aft] ! inflammation beg9s to subside1 & ! latt] n until all inflammation has disappe>$4 ,! l[e/ end ( ! w\nd mu/ be kept op5 to p]mit ! escape ( matt] dur+ heal+2 ?is is usually accompli%$ by ins]t+ a piece ( dry l9t betwe5 ! edges ( ! w\nd4 ,g5]al treatm5t is re/ & l[ diet4 ,?ird4--,dur+ heal+-/age dress ) c>bolic acid #a "p1 wat] #bj p>ts2 or c>boliz$ oil2 or blue/one 7sulphate ( copp]7 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 #b dra*ms to ! p9t2 or t> o9tm5t 7t> #a oz41 sulphur oz41 l>d #a oz472 or light bli/] ( can?>ides 7p[d]$ can?>ides #a "p1 olive-oil #ab p>ts7 to neighbor+ p>ts 9 case ( indol5t w\nd4 ,if pr\d fle% crops out above ! surface ( ! w\nd1 remove x by apply+ sulphate ( copp] or z9c 7z above71 or nitrate ( silv]1 or alum1 9 ord] to keep x bel[ ! surface ( sk91 s t ! p>ts may unite4 ,,g5]al ,,directions ,,= ,,%oe+ ,,horses4 ,9 prep>+ ! horse's foot = ! %oe d n t\* ) ! knife ! frog1 sole1 or b>s4 ,9 remov+ surplus gr[? ( t "p ( ! foot :i* is ! seat ( ! %oe use ! cutt+-p9c]s & rasp1 & n ! knife4 ,! %oe+-knife may be us$1 if necess>y1 9 fitt+ ! toe-clip4 ,op5+ ! heels or mak+ a cut into ! angle ( ! wall at ! heel mu/ n be all[$4 ,! rasp may be us$ ^u ?is "p ( ! foot :5 necess>y1 & ! same applies to ! frog4 ,no cutt+ ) a knife is p]mitt$1 ! rasp alone be+ us$ :5 necess>y4 ,flat-foot$ horses %\ld be treat$ z ! necessity ( ea* case may require4 ,9 =g+ ! %oe to fit ! foot be c>eful t ! %oe is fitt$ to & foll[s ! circumf]5ce ( ! foot cle> ar\nd to ! heels2 ! heels ( ! %oe %\ld n be ext5d$ back /raight & outside ( ! walls at ! heels ( ! horse's foot1 z is frequ5tly done4 ,! %oe mu/ n be fitt$ too small & ! out] surface ( ! walls !n rasp$ d[n to make ! foot %ort to suit ! %oe1 z (t5 happ5s4 ,heat may be us$ 9 prep>+ & %ap+ ! %oe1 b ! hot %oe mu/ nev] be appli$ to ! horse's foot4 ,make ! upp] or foot surface ( ! %oe p]fectly flat s z to give a level be>+4 ,a %oe ) a concave gr\nd surface %\ld be us$4 ,9 g>rison1 at ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 ! horses may be left un%od4 ,%oes w be fitt$ & kept ready to be put on ! horses4 ,! new ,burd5 %oe call$ ! easy has j be5 adopt$ z ! ,u4 ,s4 s]vice %oe4 ,nev] use a nail t gives ! slighte/ indication ( splitt+1 a result t may be expect$ if !y be cold-=g$4 ,always use a hot-=g$ nail4 ,! ,putnam nail1 hot-=g$1 is excell5t4 ,,/ables ,,& ,,/able ,,duties4 ,f\l air & dampness are ! cause ( _m diseases ( ! horse2 h5ce ! importance & economy ( spaci\s1 clean1 dry1 & well-v5tilat$ /ables4 ,ceil+s %\ld be twelve or fifte5 feet high1 ) l>ge v5tilators ?r\gh ! ro(1 & a w9d[ or side ap]ture 9 ea* /all1 :i* %\ld be plac$ well above ! horse's eyes4 ,if possible1 ! build+ %\ld h no upp] /ory or l(t4 ,9 /ables ) a l(t1 v5tilation f ! top is always insuffici5t1 & !re mu/ be side op5+s well above ! horses1 s t ! draught w pass ov] _! heads4 ,^! op5+s mu/ nev] be clos$ except on ! w9dw>d side1 to keep out ra9 or sn[4 ,!re %\ld be a passageway = fe$+ 9 front ( ! /alls1 & s t ! horses c look to ! "r & left4 ,_! heads %\ld nev] be plac$ aga9/ a p>tition if x c be avoid$4 ,d\ble /alls %\ld n be less ?an #d feet by #i feet to ea* horse2 & s+le /alls %\ld be #e feet wide4 ,/alls #f feet wide & #aj feet long are greatly to be pref]r$4 ,n less ?an #abjj cubic feet %\ld be all[$ to ea* horse 9 ! /able4 ,a picket-l9e is e/abli%$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! batt]y /able1 ! horses be+ ti$ to a hemp or wire rope or *a9 pass$ ?r\gh ! picket-po/s4 ,!re %\ld be %all[ tr5*es beh9d ! horses to c>ry (f ra91 ! gr\nd on :i* !y /& hav+ j en\gh slope to let ! wat] run into ! tr5*es1 or !re may be a s+le dra9 9 ! c5tre along ! l9e ( ! picket-po/s4 ,con/ant att5tion mu/ be paid to ma9ta9+ ! gr\nd ab\t ! picket-l9e 9 good ord]4 ,hut ,/ables4--,r\gh %$s ) clapbo>d$ ro(s are ! be/2 ) ! litt] & "s wet e>? good walls c soon be con/ruct$ ar\nd ! %$2 ^! walls %\ld be v]tical on ! inside1 b ) a good slope t[>d ! outside4 ,%$s made #cj feet wide c accommodate two r[s ( horses1 _! heads be+ turn$ t[>d "o ano!r4 ,pl5ty ( op5+s mu/ be left = doors by :i* to remove ! horses quickly 9 case ( fire1 & dra9age mu/ be well att5d$ to4 ,! /alls1 or /&+-space1 %\ld be #e feet wide & #i feet long4 ,an excell5t %$ c be made "u ! lee ( a bank by erect+ =k$ poles1 plac+ connect+ pieces1 & lay+ !reon bo>ds or poles & ?at*+4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,= ,,/able ,,managem5t4 ,! /able s]geant takes imm$iate *>ge ( ! police & sanit>y condition ( ! /able1 picket-l9e1 etc41 & is ! cu/odian ( ! =age & /able prop]ty g5]ally4 ,! /able is to be kept ?or\ghly polic$1 free f smells1 & well :itewa%$4 ,!re mu/ be no accumulation ( manure or f\l litt] inside1 or ne> ! doors or w9d[s )\t4 ,! fe$-boxes are wa%$ out frequ5tly & kept p]fectly clean4 ,! gr\nd ab\t ! picket-l9e is swept daily & all dung1 etc41 c>ri$ to ! manure-heap4 ,except at night1 :5 ! horses are b$d$ d[n1 no manure or ur9e is to rema9 9 ! /alls2 ! /able police remove x z fa/ z x accumulates4 ,if practicable1 all woodwork )9 rea* ( ! horses & n protect$ ) %eet iron or o!r metal is pa9t$ ) ?9 gas-t>1 to prev5t its be+ gnaw$2 x %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ be=e putt+ horses ne> x4 ,! same precaution mu/ be foll[$ ) reg>d to tr\ghs1 picket-po/s1 & hemp picket-l9e4 ,smok+ 9 /ables or 9 _! imm$iate vic9ity is prohibit$4 ,"o or m lamps w be hung 9 ea* /able1 to burn dur+ ! night4 ,! horses are /all$ accord+ to _! positions 9 ! batt]y1 ! teams ne>e/ ! door be+ l$ out fir/2 _! places at ! picket-l9e w be 9 accordance ) ! same rule4 ,! "n ( ea* horse1 & t ( 8 rid] or driv]1 are plac$ ov] 8 /all4 ,clay is ! be/ = e>!n floors1 z x packs well4 ,gravel or s&y e>? is n suitable4 ,ea* man is held responsible = ! removal ( ! e>? & ! levell+ ( ! floor ( 8 /all4 ,! slop+ ( ! floor ( /alls f ! mang] to ! heel-po/ is injuri\s & uncom=table = ! animal1 :o /&s 9 an unnatural position1 ) ! =e legs high] ?an ! h9d ones4 ,:5 e>!n floors are n level1 !y give m tr\ble1 z ! horse w paw a holl[ = 8 =e feet unless he c elevate 8 h9d legs by back+ out ( ! /all4 ,:5ev] ! horses g out ( ! /able1 ! w9d[s ( _! /alls are to be kept op51 unless necess>y to exclude ra9 or sn[1 or :5 cold draughts affect ! animals 9 contigu\s or opposite /alls4 ,/able doors are nev] clos$ 9 ! daytime except to keep out ! wet or to exclude cold w9ds4 ,if ! doors be 9 a s+le piece1 b>s are put across ! doorway2 if divid$ 9 half1 x w be usually suffici5t to op5 ! upp] "p4 ,at night1 except 9 v hot wea!r1 !y %\ld be clos$ & lock$1 communication ) ! /able be+ kept up by a manhole4 ,except 9 v cold1 w9dy wea!r1 or 9 v hot wea!r1 :]e !re is no %ade1 horses %\ld /& mo/ ( ! day at ! picket-l9e1 z !y h bett] air & are less conf9$1 :ile ! /ables become dri] & m heal?ful4 ,9 ord9>y climates milit>y /ables mu/ be kept z cool z possible4 ,if ! horses d n /& directly 9 ! draught1 ! cold] ! /able ! less w !y suff] if sudd5ly call$ to take ! field4 ,= ! same reason horses %\ld nev] be blanket$ 9 ! /able except 9 v cold wea!r 9 high latitudes4 ,,/able ,,duty4 ,! capta9 is responsible = ! prop] p]=mance ( /able duty 9 8 batt]y4 ,at morn+ /able-call ! cannone]s1 assi/$ by ! prison]s1 clean out ! /alls & police ! /able "u ! direction ( ! /able s]geant4 ,! b$d+ is tak5 up1 t :i* is mu* soil$ be+ sep>at$ = ! manure-heap1 & ! rema9d] put on ! racks or spread ^u ! gr\nd to dry4 ,if necess>y1 ! driv]s assi/ aft] !y h done groom+4 ,at ev5+ /able-call ! /able is polic$ z 9 ! morn+2 ! b$d+ is laid d[n & fre% /raw spread on top ( x2 ! b$ mu/ be s(t & ev51 ) ! ?icke/ "p t[>d ! mang]4 ,horses are groom$ twice daily1 at morn+ & at ev5+ /able-calls1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! fir/ s]geant & batt]y (fic] ( ! day4 ,9 special circum/ances x may be advisable to groom only once1 ab\t noon4 ,! groom+ is always at ! picket-l9e1 except 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,ea* driv]1 :e!r on gu>d or n1 grooms 8 own horses1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( 8 *ief ( section4 ,sup]num]>y horses are groom$ by a detail ( cannone]s "u ! direction ( a corporal1 :o is assign$ to ?is duty4 ,9 ea* platoon ! horses ( ! *iefs ( section are groom$ by a cannone]1 :o is p]man5tly detail$1 bo? horses be+ atta*$ = groom+ purposes to ! section to :i* ! cannone] belongs4 ,! trumpet]s groom _! own horses "u ! direction ( ! fir/ s]geant4 ,at ev5+ /able-call ea* man exam9es & cleans out 8 horse's feet1 & sees t ! %oes are 9 good ord]4 ,horses requir+ %oe+ are report$ to ! prop] non-commission$ (fic]1 :o notifies ! /able s]geant4 ,ea* horse %\ld be groom$ n less ?an tw5ty m9utes1 beg9n+ ) ! ne> horse4 ,if any horses are n prop]ly groom$ !y w be left at ! picket-l9e1 & groom$ by _! driv]s "u ! direction ( a non-commission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,9 g>rison1 :5 !re are no available prison]s1 two or m m51 call$ ! /able police1 are usually kept at "w betwe5 morn+ & ev5+ /able-calls 9 remov+ manure1 polic+ g5]ally1 fe$+1 etc4 ,9 horse-batt]ies /able duty is conduct$ on ! same pr9ciples1 ) su* modifications z ! nature ( ! s]vice dem&s4 ,,groom+4 ,take ! currycomb 9 ! "r h&1 f+]s ov] back ( comb2 beg9 on ! ne> side at ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 !nce proce$ to ! *e/1 arms1 %\ld]s1 back1 belly1 flank1 lo9s1 & rump4 ,!n g to ! (f side1 tak+ comb 9 left h&1 & proce$ z be=e4 ,! currycomb is appli$ g5tly1 & is us$ only to loos5 ! scurf & matt$ hair2 x is n us$ on ! legs f ! knees or hocks d[nw>d except to c>efully loos5 dri$ mud4 ,next take ! bru% 9 left h&1 & *ange currycomb to "r2 beg9 at ! neck on ! ne> side1 & proce$ 9 ! same ord] z 9 curry+1 bru%+ also ! p>ts n t\*$ by ! comb2 on ! (f side take bru% 9 "r h&1 currycomb 9 left4 ,9 places difficult to clean apply ! bru% backw>d & =w>d1 f9i%+ by leav+ ! coat smoo?4 ,aft] e few /rokes clean ! bru% f du/ ) ! currycomb4 ,hav+ done ) ! bru%1 rub or du/ (f ! horse ) ! groom+-clo?1 wipe ab\t ! eyes & no/rils1 & clean ! dock4 ,! sk9 "u ! flank & betwe5 ! h9dqu>t]s mu/ be s(t1 clean1 & free f du/4 ,currycombs1 c>ds1 or common combs mu/ nev] be appli$ to ! mane or tail2 b ! bru%1 f+]s1 & clo? are freely us$ on bo?4 ,! wisp is us$ :5 ! horse comes 9 w>m f ex]cise1 & he is rubb$ aga9/ ! hair until dry1 f 8 h9dqu>t]s up to 8 head4 ,,fe$+4 ,9 g>rison x is recomm5d$ t gra9 be f$ at fir/ call = reveille by ! /able s]geant1 assi/$ by "o or two memb]s ( ! /able-gu>d1 or m5 detail$ = ! purpose4 ,! gra91 9 a box on :eels1 is roll$ 9 front ( ea* /all1 :5 x is transf]r$ to ! fe$-boxes by all[ance-measures4 ,gra9 is f$ aga9 at ev5+ /able duty z 9 ! morn+1 b n until aft] ! hay has be5 di/ribut$ & ! /able swept up4 ,9 camp or on ! m>* gra9 is f$ at morn+ & ev5+ /ables4 ,! m5 are mat*$ to ! =age-wagons or o!r gra9 depository1 :]e ! non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge1 ) an all[ance-measure1 issues to ea* 9 turn4 ,gruel is v good = horses :5 tir$4 ,to make x1 put a d\ble h&ful ( fre% co>se oatmeal 9 a bucket1 add a little cold wat]1 mix well1 & add #a gallons ( hot 7n boil+7 wat]4 ,/ir well till smoo?1 & give x at ! temp]ature ( new milk2 add a w9eglass or two ( spirits if horse is mu* exhau/$4 ,9 g>rison hay is f$ ?rice daily--imm$iately aft] morn+ /ables1 9 ! middle ( ! day1 & at ev5+ /ables2 at ! ev5+ fe$ ea* animal %\ld h at lea/ "o half ( 8 daily all[ance4 ,! du/ mu/ be well %ak5 out ( ! hay be=e x is put 9 ! mang]s4 ,dur+ ! %ort days ( w9t] ! fe$+ at noon may be omitt$ )\t injury to ! animals4 ,9 camp hay is f$ at ! picket-l9e morn+1 noon1 & ev5+2 on ! m>*1 9 ! ev5+ only4 ,! occasional use ( bran is important = /abl$ horses4 ,9 spr+ or e>ly summ] !y %\ld h grass = at lea/ a week or t5 days1 dur+ :i* "t !y ought n to be mu* work$4 ,salt %\ld be giv5 at lea/ once a week4 ,:5 =age _c be obta9$1 graz+ %\ld be all[$ at e sp>e mom5t1 especially e>ly 9 ! morn+ :5 ! dew is on ! grass4 ,! daily all[ance ( oats1 b>ley1 or corn is #ab p\nds to ea* horse2 t ( hay1 #ad p\nds2 ! all[ance ( /raw = b$d+ is #ajj p\nds a mon? to ea* animal4 ,b>ley & corn %\ld bo? be cru%$1 if possible1 :5 us$ to fe$ horses or mules4 ,good oats weigh ab\t #cb p\nds to ! bu%el1 b>ley ab\t #dh p\nds1 corn ab\t #ef p\nds4 ,press$ hay weighs ab\t #aa p\nds p] cubic foot4 ,good ,oats are clean1 h>d1 dry1 sweet1 plump1 full ( fl\r1 & rattle l %ot4 ,!y h a clean & almo/ metallic lu/re4 ,^? 9 a sample v>y b little 9 size1 & are entirely free f smell4 ,! pressure ( ! nail ought to leave little or no m>k on !m4 ,! value ( an oat dep5ds ma9ly on its weight p] bu%el4 ,dirty oats weigh heavi] ?an clean ones4 ,new oats c be di/+ui%$ f old by _! smell1 :i* is fre% & e>?y1 & by _! ta/e1 :i* is fre% & milky1 :ile t ( ! old oats is slightly bitt]4 ,new oats are indige/ible4 ,oats "o ye> old are be/4 ,v>i\s ,defects 9 ,oats4--,kiln-dri$4--,oats t h be5 dri$ to r5d] !m h>d aft] !y h be5 damp4 ,!y h a loose & %rivell$ appe>ance ab\t ! ends ( ! husks1 & are easily recogniz$ by _! peculi> smell & r$di% color4 ,foxy ,oats4--,oats t h und]gone a c]ta9 process ( f]m5tation f hav+ be5 /[$ 9 bulk :5 n p]fectly dry4 ,!y are unfit = horses1 are ( a r$di% color1 & h bo? bitt] smell & ta/e4 ,_! r$di% color is sometimes gott5 rid ( by subject+ !m to fumes ( sulphur1 :i* makes !m unnaturally :ite4 ,damp ,oats are objectionable & %\ld be reject$4 ,cont9u$ dampness soon produces s(tness1 mu/9ess1 m\ld9ess1 & spr\t+4 ,dirty ,oats4--,?is c be rem$i$ by w9n[+4 ,hay4--,!re is a great v>iety ( grasses4 ,! be/ hay conta9s a l>ge proportion ( ! be/ ( ^!1 along ) clov] & o!r good h]bage1 & only a small proportion ( ! inf]ior k9ds1 :il/ 9 ! inf]ior k9ds ( hay good h]bage is ne>ly entirely want+1 & ! inf]ior grasses pr$om9ate4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( good hay are gre5 color comb9$ ) a delicate smell & ta/e1 a pres5ce ( fl[]s 9 _! natural colors1 & ( a v>iety ( grasses & good h]bage 7n we$s71 & clov] ( mod]ate f95ess1 crispness1 & h>dness4 ,/raw mu/ be :eat1 oats1 or rye /raw2 b>ley induces disease ( ! sk94 ,x ought to be long & /rong4 ,horses are incl9$ to eat :eat /raw :5 new4 ,,wat]+4 ,horses mu/ be wat]$ quietly1 & )\t confusion2 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is duty is p]=m$ is a good te/ ( ! discipl9e ( a m\nt$ comm&4 ,horses are to be l$ or ridd5 at a walk to & f wat]1 dep5d+ ^u its di/ance f ! /able4 ,at ! dr9k+-place no horse %\ld be hurri$ or h 8 head j]k$ up f ! wat]4 ,if a /ream is us$ = wat]+ horses f ! bank1 ! level ( ! wat] mu/ n be m ?an #c or #d in*es bel[ ! latt]2 & if ! wat] is v %all[ dams %\ld be con/ruct$ to deep5 x1 z animals dr9k m rapidly :5 wat] is at lea/ #f in*es deep4 ,mules %\ld be wat]$ high] up /ream ?an horses4 ,:5 animals w n dr9k f a /ream1 !y w frequ5tly d s f a bucket ) a h&ful ( grass on ! wat]4 ,9 ! field or on ! m>* ! wat]+ is f ! mo/ conv5i5t runn+ wat]2 9 g>rison x is usually f tr\ghs4 ,9 w>m wea!r wat] drawn f a cold well or spr+ be=e be+ us$ %\ld /& long en\gh = ! *ill to pass (f4 ,! horses are wat]$ "u ! imm$iate direction ( ! fir/ s]geant1 b if !y are liable to meet ^? ( o!r comm&s at ! wat]+-place a commission$ (fic] %\ld replace him4 ,dur+ ! hot mon?s horses are wat]$ ?rice daily--9 ! morn+1 at noon1 & j be=e groom+ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,at o!r times two wat]+s are en\gh1 aft] morn+ & at ev5+ /ables4 ,9 v cold wea!r once a day1 at noon1 is suffici5t4 ,x is to be always rememb]$ t a horse w r>ely dr9k en\gh v e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,! daily all[ance ( wat] = a horse is six gallons4 ,on ! m>* horses are wat]$ ) buckets c>ri$ on ! c>riages4 ,! (t5] ?is is done ! bett]1 z x is n usually kn[n :5 ano!r wat]+-place w be rea*$4 ,:5 horses h to make a day's m>* )\t wat]1 !y w be wat]$ aft] !y are f$1 j be=e leav+ camp 9 ! morn+4 ,if a m\nt$ comm& has to m>* a long di/ance )\t wat]1 s t x w be necess>y to encamp en r\te1 ! animals are well f$1 b d5i$ wat] until j be=e />t+1 :5 !y are p]mitt$ to dr9k freely4 ,! comm& m>*es 9 ! aft]noon1 & does n encamp until x has accompli%$ at lea/ half ( ! di/ance1 & moves e>ly ! next morn+ to rea* wat]4 ,,tra9+ ,,horses4 ,horses are tra9$ by ! be/ horsem51 "u ! sup]vision ( an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic]4 ,x %\ld be c>efully impress$ ^u ! m5 t ! horse may be made g5tle & ob$i5t by pati5ce1 k9dness1 & fe>lessness2 t puni%m5t is only to be resort$ to :5 necess>y1 & !n only adm9i/]$ imm$iately aft] ! commission ( ! (f5se2 & t no?+ %\ld ev] be done to ! horse 9 ang]4 ,! re/lessness or impati5ce :i* frequ5tly arises f exub]ance ( spirits & playfulness mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f t :i* arises f vici\sness or timidity4 ,:5 re/less1 ! horse %\ld be held until he becomes calm2 :5 submissive aft] puni%m5t1 he %\ld be treat$ k9dly4 ,! m5 %\ld endeavor to inspire him ) confid5ce1 & he %\ld gradually be accu/om$ to w>like s\nds--fir+1 beat+ ( drums1 etc4 ,z "o horse is apt to be gov]n$ by ! actions ( ano!r1 tra9$ horses t are indiff]5t to su* s\nds %\ld be int]sp]s$ among ! new ones4 ,! fir/ object to be obta9$ 9 tra9+ a horse is to r5d] him g5tle & tractable by progressive lessons4 ,= ?is purpose all prop] means mu/ be employ$1 su* z fe$+1 h&l+1 patt+ him1 tak+ up 8 feet1 etc41 & ! practice ( ! longe4 ,! practice ( ! longe is also int5d$ to supple him & tea* him ! free & prop] use ( 8 limbs4 ,x likewise aids 9 =m+ 8 paces & fits him = s]vice 9 ! batt]y4 ,! m5 employ$ 9 ?is mo/ important "p ( ! horse's education mu/ be select$ = _! natural fondness = animals1 z well z = _! pati5ce1 coolness1 & intellig5ce1 & %\ld n be *ang$ until ! horses are suffici5tly in/ruct$ to take _! places 9 ! batt]y4 ,,bridl+4 ,a pla9 snaffle-bridle %\ld at fir/ be us$ & put on ) great c>e & g5tl5ess4 ,if ! horse resi/s1 no viol5ce %\ld be us$4 ,he %\ld be turn$ r\nd 9 8 /all & ! in/ructor %\ld take ! end ( ! halt] :ile ! man quiets & enc\rages ! horse4 ,by c>eful treatm5t he w soon be accu/om$ to ! sight ( ! bit & w all[ x to be plac$ 9 8 m\?4 ,! re9s w be ti$ s z to hang loosely on ! neck4 ,cavesson4--,! cavesson is a bridle head-/all1 to :i* a nose-b&1 encircl+ ! horse's head1 is add$2 ! latt] is adju/able by means ( a buckle2 ! *9-/rap has a runn+ r+ to :i* ! longe+-/rap is atta*$4 ,:5 ! snaffle-bridle has be5 prop]ly fitt$1 ! cavesson is c>efully put on4 ,! nose-b& %\ld be ab\t ?ree in*es above ! no/rils2 if high]1 x w\ld p>tly lose its p[]2 if l[] x w\ld affect ! horse's brea?+4 ,x mu/ n be s tight z to make ! horse uneasy4 ,,longe+4 ,?is in/ruction %\ld be begun on a circle f fifte5 to tw5ty y>ds 9 diamet]4 ,z horses are usually f$1 wat]$1 saddl$1 & l$ f ! ne> side1 !y are incl9$ to lead bett] f t ?an ! (f side4 ,x w !re=e g5]ally be f\nd necess>y to give two lessons on ! "r to "o on ! left4 ,! fir/ lesson to be taught ! "y horse is to g =w>d4 ,until he does ?is freely no?+ else %\ld be requir$ ( him4 ,:5 he obeys freely1 he %\ld occasionally be /opp$ & c>ess$4 ,if ! horse hesitates or /&s /ill :5 he is ord]$ to move on1 he %\ld be enc\rag$1 z su* hesitation (t5] comes f fe> & ignorance z to :at is requir$ ?an f ob/9acy or vice4 ,! horse %\ld at fir/ be l$ ar\nd ! circle at a walk4 ,a man ) a :ip 7) :i* at fir/ ! horse %\ld n be /ruck7 %\ld foll[ at a %ort di/ance & %[ ! :ip occasionally if ! horse is incl9$ to hang back2 if ?is does n produce ! desir$ effect1 he %\ld /rike ! gr\nd 9 re> ( ! horse1 & at l5g? t\* him lightly ) ! :ip until he obeys4 ,aft] ! horse beg9s to move freely at a walk ! man hold+ ! longe+-re9 %\ld g5tly urge him to ! trot1 gradually l5g!n+ ! re9 s t x may be sc>cely felt1 & %\ld g r\nd ! circle at an active pace ne>ly opposite ! horse's %\ld] s z to keep him out & press him =w>d4 ,if ! horse takes k9dly to ?is lesson1 ! man hold+ ! re9 may l5g!n x by degrees until he has only to turn 9 ! same spot1 ! man ) ! :ip be+ c>eful to keep ! horse out to ! l9e ( ! circle4 ,%\ld ! horse break 8 pace1 or plunge1 ! re9 %\ld be %ak5 )\t j]k+ x until he returns to ! trot4 ,! man hold+ ! longe+-re9 %\ld h a light & easy h&4 ,= ! fir/ two or ?ree days ! horse mu/ n be urg$ too mu*2 if he goes g5tly1 )\t jump+ or resi/+1 en\gh is accompli%$4 ,he %\ld be long$ to ! "r1 left1 & "r aga91 *ang+ f a walk to a trot & back aga9 9 ea* case4 ,he %\ld be frequ5tly halt$ by g5tly feel+ ! re9 & speak+ to him4 ,aft] a few days ( ! above practice ! horse may be urg$ a little m 9 ! trot1 b ! greate/ c>e & att5tion are requisite to tea* him ! use ( 8 limbs )\t /ra9+ him4 ,mu* h>m may be done 9 ?is in/ruction by a sudd5 j]k or too =cible pull ( ! longe4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! lessons are n made s long z to fatigue or fret ! horse4 ,at fir/ !y %\ld be %ort & be gradually increas$ 9 l5g? z ! in/ruction progresses4 ,at ! conclusion ( ea* lesson ! horse %\ld be l$ to ! c5tre ( ! r+ & made mu* (4 ,! man hold+ ! longe+-re9 %\ld take x %ort 9 "o h&1 at ! same "t patt+ & rubb+ ! horse ab\t ! head & neck ) ! o!r2 he %\ld !n try to b5d ! horse's neck a little to ! "r & !n to ! left by means ( ! longe+-re94 ,! b5d %\ld be 9 ! v poll ( ! neck1 & ?is ex]cise %\ld be repeat$ at ! end ( e lesson1 cauti\sly & by sl[ degrees1 until ! horse responds easily4 ,?is ex]cise w greatly facilitate ! future in/ruction ( ! animal4 ,! runn+-re9 is ( great value 9 tea*+ a horse to keep 8 head 9 a prop] position1 & af=ds valuable aid 9 8 fir/ h&l+4 ,if judici\sly us$1 x saves ! rid] a great deal ( tr\ble & ! horse mu* ill usage4 ,x is especially useful 9 controll+ horses t are incl9$ to bolt4 ,x %\ld act directly on ! snaffle-bit itself1 & is :olly indep5d5t ( ! re9s4 ,! ,runn+-re9 consi/s ( ?ree p>ts--! *9-/rap1 m>t+ale1 & re94 ,! ,*9-/rap1 ab\t six to eight in*es long1 on :i* is susp5d$ a loose r+1 is fa/5$ to bo? snaffle-bit r+s4 ,! ,m>t+ale has only "o r+2 ! loop ?r\gh :i* ! gir? passes is made adju/able by a buckle4 ,! m>t+ale is s adju/$ t :5 taut ! r+ w be on a level ) ! po9ts ( ! horse's %\ld]s4 ,! ,re9 is ab\t eight & "o half feet long2 "o end is buckl$ into ! ne> pommel-r+2 ! free end is !n pass$ ?r\gh ! m>t+ale-r+ f re> to front1 !nce ?r\gh ! *9-/rap r+ f left to "r1 !nce ?r\gh ! m>t+ale-r+ f front to re>1 & is held 9 ! rid]'s "r h&4 ,a pull on ?is re9 w act directly on ! m\?-piece1 draw+ x back & some:at d[nw>d t[>d ! horse's brea/-bone4 ,,prep>atory ,,lesson ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,horse ,,tractable4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! b5d+ lessons x is well to give ! horse a prep>atory "o 9 ob$i5ce4 ,?is fir/ act ( submission makes ! horse quiet & gives him confid5ce1 & gives ! man su* asc5dancy z to prev5t ! horse at ! outset f resi/+ ! means employ$ to br+ him "u control4 ,g up to ! horse1 pat him on ! neck1 & speak to him2 !n take ! re9s f ! horse's neck & hold !m at a few in*es f ! r+s ( ! bit ) ! left h&2 take su* position z to (f] z mu* resi/ance z possible to ! horse %\ld he attempt to break away2 hold ! :ip 9 ! "r h&1 ) ! po9t d[n2 raise ! :ip quietly & tap ! horse on ! brea/2 ! horse naturally tries to move back to avoid ! :ip2 foll[ ! horse1 pull+ at ! same "t aga9/ him1 & cont9u+ ! use ( ! :ip2 be c>eful to %[ no sign ( ang] nor any symptom ( yield+4 ,! horse1 tir$ ( try+ ineffectually to avoid ! :ip1 soon ceases to pull & moves =w>d2 !n drop ! po9t ( ! :ip & make mu* ( him4 ,?is repeat$ once or twice usually proves suffici5t2 ! horse1 hav+ f\nd h[ to avoid ! puni%m5t1 no long] waits = ! application ( ! :ip1 b anticipates x by mov+ up at ! slighte/ ge/ure4 ,,b5d+ ,,lessons4 ,^! lessons %\ld be giv5 to ! horse ea* day s long z ! snaffle-bit is us$ alone2 b ! ex]cise %\ld be v>i$1 s t ! horse may n become fatigu$ or disgu/$4 ,! balance ( ! horse's body & 8 lightness 9 h& dep5d on ! prop] c>riage ( 8 head & neck4 ,a "y horse usually tries to resi/ ! bit1 ei!r by b5d+ 8 neck to "o side1 by sett+ 8 jaw aga9/ ! bit1 or by c>ry+ 8 nose too high or too l[4 ,! b5d+ lessons s]ve to make a horse manageable by tea*+ him to con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! re9s & to yield to ! pressure ( ! bit4 ,dur+ ! lessons ! horse mu/ nev] be hurri$4 ,to ,b5d ! ,horse's ,neck to ! ,"r4--,take a position on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 9 front ( 8 %\ld] & fac+ t[>d 8 neck2 take ! (f re9 close up to ! bit ) ! "r h&1 ! ne> re9 ! same way ) ! left h&1 ! ?umbs t[>d ea* o!r1 ! little f+]s outw>d2 br+ ! "r h& t[>d ! body1 at ! same "t ext5d ! left arm s z to turn ! head to ! horse's "r4 ,! =ce employ$ mu/ be gradual & proportion$ to ! resi/ance met )1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 n to br+ ! horse's nose too close to 8 *e/4 ,if ! horse moves backw>d1 cont9ue ! pressure until1 f9d+ x impossible to avoid ! re/ra9t impos$ by ! bit1 he /&s /ill & yields to x4 ,:5 ! b5d is complete1 ! horse holds 8 head !re )\t any re/ra9t & *amps ! bit2 !n make mu* ( him & let him resume 8 natural position by degrees1 )\t ?r[+ 8 head ar\nd hurri$ly4 ,a horse1 z a rule1 *amps ! bit :5 he ceases to resi/4 ,! horse's neck is b5t to ! left 9 a simil> mann]1 ! man /&+ on ! (f side4 ,to ,re9 94--,cross ! re9s beh9d ! horse's jaw1 tak+ ! ne> re9 9 ! "r h& & ! (f re9 9 ! left1 at ab\t six in*es f ! r+s2 draw !m across ea* o!r till ! horse gives way to ! pressure & br+s 8 nose 94 ,prev5t ! horse f rais+ 8 head by l[]+ ! h&s4 ,:5 ! horse gives way to ! cross-pressure ( ! re9s1 ease ! h& & make mu* ( him4 ,,saddl+4 ,?is %\ld be done at fir/ on ! longe+-gr\nd4 ,"o man1 fac+ ! horse & tak+ ! snaffle-re9s 9 bo? h&s ne> ! bit1 %\ld hold him :ile ano!r places ! saddle on 8 back4 ,if ! horse %[s no uneas9ess or resi/ance1 let d[n ! c9*a-/rap & c9*a2 fa/5 ! c9*a-/rap loosely at fir/1 & tight5 x aft]w>ds by degrees4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make ! c9*a s tight z to cause uneas9ess to ! horse4 ,if ! horse resi/s or is re/less1 remove ! saddle & let him see & smell x2 he w !n g5]ally all[ x to be plac$2 if necess>y1 /rap up a leg until ! horse is saddl$4 ,! longe+ is !n cont9u$ ) ! horse saddl$4 ,,m\nt+4 ,:5 ! horse becomes accu/om$ to ! saddle1 he %\ld be m\nt$4 ,two m5 %\ld assi/ ! man :o is to m\nt4 ,! man ) ! longe1 fac+ ! horse & tak+ ! snaffle-re9s 9 bo? h&s ne> ! bit1 holds 8 head r high & engages 8 att5tion2 ! second man be>s d[n on ! (f /irrup at ! prop] mom5t to keep ! saddle ev5 :5 ! ?ird man m\nts4 ,! man :o m\nts proce$s ) caution1 /opp+ & c>ess+ ! horse if he %[s any uneas9ess2 aft] be+ seat$ ! man pats ! horse a few mom5ts1 & )\t attempt+ to make him move1 dism\nts ) ! c>e & g5tl5ess ex]cis$ 9 m\nt+4 ,?is is repeat$ sev]al times1 until ! horse submits )\t fe>4 ,! rid] !n m\nts1 takes a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 & feels lightly ! horse's m\?2 ! man ) ! longe leads ! horse =w>d & aft]w>ds longes him to ! left1 & !n to ! "r1 at a walk2 if ! horse %[s any disposition to kick or plunge1 ! longe is %ak5 to engage 8 att5tion & to keep up 8 head4 ,aft] a few turns ! rid] dism\nts1 ! horse is f$ f ! h&1 patt$1 & dismiss$4 ,^! lessons are cont9u$ until ! horse c be m\nt$ & dism\nt$ )\t any difficulty2 & :5 he c be made to g =w>d1 to ! "r & left1 to halt & re9 back by g5tle application ( ! aids1 ! longe is disp5s$ )4 ,! horse is n[ ex]cis$ 9 ! rid+-hall or op5 mange1 ! lessons = "y horses n exce$+ ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,! horse is ridd5 on ! track fir/ at a walk1 !n at a sl[ trot1 & aft]w>ds ! trot & walk are alt]nat$1 c>e be+ tak5 to turn ! corn]s squ>ely2 ! horse is next m>*$ to ! "r & left1 halt$ & re9$ back to accu/om him to obey ! bit & ! pressure ( ! legs4 ,:5 he is ob$i5t to ! snaffle1 ! horse is equipp$ ) ! curb-bit4 ,! bit mu/ h r+s at ! ends ( ! m\?piece = snaffle-re9s1 or a bit-bridoon mu/ be us$ 9 ord] t ! horse may be accu/om$ by degrees to ! action ( ! curb-bit4 ,! fir/ in/ruction giv5 to ! horse ) ! curb-bit is b5d+ ! neck & re9+ 91 dism\nt$2 he is !n m\nt$ & ex]cis$ 9 ! rid+-hall or op5 mange z be=e describ$1 & receives ! b5d+ & re9+ lessons m\nt$4 ,,b5d+ ,,lessons1 ,,m\nt$4 ,! horse is n[ equipp$ ) a curb-bridle4 ,to ,b5d ! ,horse's ,neck to ! ,"r4--,adju/ ! re9s 9 ! left h&2 seize ! "r re9 ) ! "r h& well d[n2 draw x g5tly to ! "r & re> until ! horse's head is br\ght completely ar\nd to ! "r1 9 ! same position z 9 ! b5d dism\nt$4 ,:5 ! horse *amps ! bit1 make mu* ( him1 & all[ him to resume 8 natural position4 ,! horse's neck is b5t to ! left 9 a simil> mann]4 ,to ,re9 94--,l[] ! bridle-h& z mu* z possible1 turn+ ! back upp]mo/2 ) ! "r h&1 nails d[n1 take hold ( ! curb-re9s above & close to ! left h& & %ort5 !m by degrees1 draw+ !m ?r\gh ! left h&1 :i* closes on ! re9s ea* "t !y are %ort5$4 ,:5 ! horse resi/s mu* & holds 8 nose up1 keep ! re9s /eady2 d n %ort5 or l5g!n !m2 close ! legs to prev5t ! horse f back+2 aft] rema9+ p]haps a m9ute or m ) 8 nose up & 8 jaw set aga9/ ! bit he w yield1 br+ 8 nose 91 & *amp ! bit2 make mu* ( him1 loos5 ! re9s1 & aft] a few seconds re9 9 aga94 ,?is ex]cise gives ! horse confid5ce1 & tea*es him to ar* 8 neck & br+ 8 head 9 prop] position :5ev] he feels ! bit4 ,mo/ "y horses are afraid ( ! bit1 & !y mu/ nev] be fright5$ by sudd5 j]ks on ! re9s1 le/ !y %\ld aft]w>ds refuse to /& ! requisite pressure ( ! bit4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( be>+ is necess>y to induce ! horse to "w boldly & well1 z well z to apprise ! rid] ( :at ! horse is go+ to d4 ,9 re9+ 91 "s horses re/ ! l[] jaw aga9/ ! brea/2 to c\nt]act ?is1 press bo? legs equally & =ce ! horse =w>d to ! bit4 ,"s horses w n "w up to ! h&2 t is1 w n be> ! bit at all4 ,su* horses are unfit = ! s]vice4 ,:5ev]1 )\t an app>5t cause1 a horse resi/s or is re/ive1 ! bit1 saddle1 & equipm5t %\ld be c>efully exam9$ to see if any "p hurts or irritates him4 ,,re>+4 ,%\ld ! horse re>1 ! rid] mu/ yield ! h& :5 ! horse is up1 & urge him vigor\sly =w>d :5 he is com+ d[n2 if ! horse is puni%$ :ile up1 he may spr+ & fall backw>d4 ,use ! runn+-re9 ) a re>+ horse4 ,,kick+4 ,?is c be prev5t$ by hold+ ! horse's head well up & clos+ ! legs2 if necess>y1 !y are clos$ s mu* z to =ce ! horse =w>d4 ,,%y+4 ,?is sometimes results f defect ( sight & sometimes f fe>4 ,if f fe>1 ! horse mu/ be tak5 up to ! object ) great pati5ce & g5tl5ess1 & be all[$ to t\* ! object ) 8 nose4 ,9 no case %\ld a horse be puni%$ = timidity4 ,! dread ( *a/isem5t w increase 8 re/iv5ess4 ,,to ,,accu/om ,,! ,,horses ,,to ,,fir+4 ,/ation a few m5 at a little di/ance f & on bo? sides ( ! /able-door1 & cause !m to fire pi/ols z ! horses are l$ into ! /able to be f$2 = ! same object a gun may be fir$ dur+ ! h\r ( fe$+4 ,if a horse is n]v\s1 he may be put on ! longe & f$ f ! h& & pett$ ea* "t ! pi/ol is dis*>g$2 or he may be ?r[n1 c>e be+ tak5 n to dis*>ge ! pi/ol s z to burn him or injure him 9 any way4 ,! horses %\ld be tra9$ to be /eady "u ! fire ( ! pieces1 & also "u pi/ol-fir+ by ! cannone]s on ! *e/s & by ! driv]s f _! teams4 ,,swimm+ ,,horses4 ,! horses are at fir/ equipp$ ) ! wat]+-bridle1 & are )\t saddles4 ,! re9s are on ! horse's neck j 9 front ( ! )]s1 & knott$ s t !y w n hang l[ en\gh to entangle ! horse's feet1 c>e be+ tak5 to h !m loose en\gh to p]mit ! horse to pu% 8 nose well out1 s z to h entire fre$om ( ! head4 ,! horse %\ld be wat]$ be=e putt+ him into ! /ream4 ,:5 ! rid] gets into deep wat]1 he drops ! re9s1 seizes a lock ( ! mane ) ! up-/ream h&1 all[s 8 body to drift (f quietly to ! d[n-/ream side ( ! horse1 & floats or swims flat on ! wat]1 guid+ ! horse z mu* z possible by spla%+ wat] aga9/ 8 head1 only us+ ! re9s :5 spla%+ fails4 ,! horse is easily controll$ :5 swimm+2 he is also easily confus$1 & x is !re=e necess>y t ! rid] %\ld be g5tle & delib]ate4 ,! rid] mu/ be caution$ t ! horse is easily pull$ ov] backw>d by ! re9s :5 swimm+1 & also t he may plunge :5 he t\*es bottom4 ,:5 ! horse t\*es ! bottom at ! l&+1 ! rid] pulls himself on ! horse's back & takes ! re9s4 ,! rid] may also be requir$ to swim1 hold+ ! horse's tail1 all[+ ! horse to t[ him4 ,aft] ! man & horse h ga9$ confid5ce1 ! rid] may be requir$ to be seat$ on ! horse :ile swimm+4 ,z ! extra weight presses ! horse d[n & imp$es 8 movem5ts1 ! rid] %\ld hold 8 knees well up to less5 ! resi/ance1 & /eady 8 seat by hold+ on to ! mane or pommel ( ! saddle4 ,! m5 are in/ruct$1 9 cross+ runn+ wat]1 to keep _! eyes fix$ on ! opposite bank4 ,! practice ( swimm+ gives horses confid5ce 9 deep wat] :5 9 h>ness4 ,/reams deep & wide en\gh to swim "o & ev5 two pairs ( a team h be5 cross$ by light artill]y 9 our s]vice4 ,,break+ ,,9 ,,! ,,"y ,,horse ,,to ,,h>ness4 ,! h>ness %\ld be put on ! horse 9 ! /able ) caution1 & at fir/ )\t ! traces1 s t 9 ! ev5t ( ! horse jump+ ab\t !y w n hang ab\t 8 legs & fright5 him4 ,! horse %\ld !n be f$ 9 8 h>ness1 & aft] /&+ = "s h\rs be walk$ ab\t 9 x4 ,:5 ! horse has ?us be5 f$ & walk$ ab\t1 & has become reconcil$ to ! h>ness1 ! traces %\ld be atta*$1 & a rope ti$ to ! re> end ( ea*2 a man !n takes ! ends ( ! ropes1 & ! horse is walk$ ab\t1 ! man hold+ ! ropes1 tak+ c>e t ! traces d n rub aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse 9 ! beg9n+1 b accu/om him to !m gradually4 ,:5 ! horse has become accu/om$ to ! pressure ( ! coll> & traces1 he may !n be hit*$ 9 ) a /eady horse4 ,at fir/ ! utmo/ caution %\ld be obs]v$ & a =eleg held up1 if necess>y1 :ile ! traces are be+ fa/5$1 & no noise or %\t+ %\ld be p]mitt$4 ,aft] be+ hit*$ 91 ! horse %\ld be p]mitt$ to /& /ill = "s m9utes be=e ! c>riage is />t$1 & x %\ld be put 9 motion by ! o!r horses4 ,! horse %\ld be left to himself & n be requir$ to draw at fir/2 all t %\ld be dem&$ ( him is to move =w>d quietly4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,vici\s ,,horses4 ,a vici\s or refractory horse may be ?r[n4 ,he is ?us made to submit to control )\t excit+ 8 res5tm5t1 or suff]+ any o!r physical pa9 ?an t result+ f 8 own resi/ance4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ! man acts ) delib]ation1 speaks ) a k9d voice1 & nev] uses h>% treatm5t4 ,,to ,,?r[ ,,! ,,horse4 ,! me?od expla9$ is a modification ( ! "o g5]ally kn[n z ,r>ey's ,me?od4 ,! horse is equipp$ ) a wat]+-bridle & surc+le4 ,! surc+le is buckl$ securely b n tightly ar\nd ! horse's body j back ( ! )]s4 ,! man is provid$ ) two /rong /raps4 ,no4 #a is ab\t t5 feet long & "o in* wide1 & has a loop or iron r+ at "o end4 ,no4 #b is ab\t ?ree feet six in*es long & f "o & "o half to two in*es wide2 "o end has a /rong buckle & two keep]s 7"o on ea* side ( ! /rap74 ,9 ! abs5ce ( /raps z specifi$1 ! halt]-/rap may be sub/itut$ = ,no4 #a1 & ! /irrup-/rap = ,no4 #b4 ,! horse is tak5 to an op5 space1 pref]ably cov]$ ) turf1 free f /ones1 etc41 to prev5t injur+ ! horse's knees4 ,pass ! free end ( ,no4 #a ?r\gh ! r+ & make a slip-loop2 raise ! horse's (f =efoot1 & place ! loop ar\nd ! pa/]n2 see t ! loop has no twi/ 9 x2 let ! foot d[n1 draw ! /rap taut1 & pass ! free end ov] ! horse's back f ! (f side & "u ! surc+le f front to re>1 ! free end hang+ d[n on ! ne> side4 ,pass ! free end ( ,no4 #b ?r\gh ! inside keep] & make a slip-loop2 raise ! ne> =efoot & place ! loop ar\nd ! pa/]n1 ) ! buckle outside1 & make x snug2 raise ! heel aga9/ ! =e>m1 pass ! free end ( ! /rap1 f ! inside1 ov] ! =e>m1 & buckle ! /rap suffici5tly tight to hold ! leg 9 ?is position4 ,let ! bridle-re9s ei!r hang d[n or place !m on ! neck2 !y may be caught hold ( at any "t aft] ! fir/ plung+ is ov]4 ,x is important t ! (f =efoot be kept f ! gr\nd aft] ! horse fir/ raises x1 & ?is w be bett] accompli%$ if bo? h&s are us$ at /rap ,no4 #a dur+ ! fir/ plunge4 ,! man takes 8 place beh9d ! surc+le on ! ne> side ( & close to ! horse1 ! left foot 9 advance1 & grasps securely ) ! left h& ! free end ( ,no4 #a1 &1 if ! /rap is long en\gh1 makes a turn ) x ar\nd ! left h&1 ! "r h& grasp+ x loosely1 =ef+]s close to ! surc+le1 back ( ! h& aga9/ ! horse's back4 ,quietly & g5tly urge ! horse =w>d2 ! in/ant he raises 8 foot1 pull ! /rap ) ! left h&1 br+ ! (f heel aga9/ ! =e>m1 ! /rap slipp+ ?r\gh ! "r h&1 :i* %\ld be kept 9 place1 b :i* grasps ! /rap z soon z ! foot is suffici5tly rais$1 & holds x firmly2 make a turn ) ! /rap ar\nd ! "r h&1 & take bo? re9s 9 ! left h& on ! ne> side ( ! horse4 ,! horse is n[ br\ght to 8 knees2 br+ ! horse's nose well to ! left & rais$1 plac+ ! "r %\ld] & arm aga9/ ! horse's side1 ?us indicat+ to him t he is to lie on 8 "r side4 ,a horse ( a /ubborn disposition may rema9 9 ?is kneel+ position = "s "t1 & ?is he %\ld be all[$ to d until he is will+ to lie d[n ( 8 own volition4 ,no =ce w be us$ to pu% ! horse d[n4 ,f ?is kneel+ position ! horse may re> & plunge1 b z he moves s %\ld ! man1 ma9ta9+ 8 relative position to ! horse1 & a firm hold ( ! long /rap1 9 ord] to deprive ! horse ( ! use ( 8 "r =eleg4 ,9 mo/ cases1 aft] rema9+ 9 ?is kneel+ position = a %ort "t1 ! horse w lie d[n4 ,! man ma9ta9s 8 hold ( ! /rap & re9s until ! horse is quiet & %[s no imm$iate disposition to attempt to rise2 or he has ! /rap & re9s s plac$ t he c grasp !m directly ! horse attempts to get up4 ,to dispel 8 fe>s & reconcile him to 8 unexpect$ly assum$ position1 he %\ld n[ be pett$1 spok5 to 9 a k9dly tone ( voice1 & g5]ally made mu* (4 ,:5 he becomes quiet & ceases to /ruggle1 ! man %\ld pass ar\nd him1 h&le 8 feet1 & /raight5 out & rub 8 legs4 ,if ! horse %[s no incl9ation to rise be=e be+ told to d s1 ! /raps may be unfa/5$ & remov$1 b s long z ! eye %[s a wild1 />tl$ expression ! /raps %\ld n be remov$4 ,! eye is ! true index ( ! horse's feel+s & disposition1 & if closely obs]v$ w always betray 8 int5tions4 ,:5 he has rema9$ 9 ! ly+ position = a %ort "t aft] ! /raps h be5 remov$1 & he no long] /ruggles or attempts to rise1 or if he attempts to rise & _c be prev5t$ f do+ s1 ! man %\ld raise 8 horse's head a little ) ! re9s & comm&3 ,up6 ,:5 ! horse gets up1 he %\ld be made mu* ( & giv5 to und]/& t he has done :at 0 requir$ ( him4 ,x w be advantage\s to ?r[ ! horse ?ree or f\r times at ea* lesson1 b ! ?r[+s %\ld n foll[ ea* o!r 9 rapid succession1 9 ord] to avoid ! ov]fatigue & con/ra9t :i* might incite ! horse to insubord9ation & resi/ance4 ,x w be f\nd t horses ( a peculi>ly wilful & /ubborn disposition w n lie quiet aft] ! /raps h be5 remov$4 ,to ov]come horses ( ?is class1 ! long /rap %\ld be made fa/ to ! left =e foot s t bo? knees w be secur$ 9 a b5t position4 ,! horse ne$ be no long] held1 b w be all[$ to /ruggle4 ,he may re>1 or plunge1 or assume a kneel+ position1 b :atev] he may d no re/ra9t %\ld be put ^u him4 ,aft] f9d+ t all 8 /ruggles are ( no avail1 & t ! only result atta9$ by !m is suff]+ to himself1 he w succumb & quietly lie d[n4 ,:51 f 8 ceas+ to /ruggle :5 h&l$1 & f ! appe>ance ( 8 eye1 !re is reason to believe t ! horse has yield$1 ! /raps may be gradually loos5$ & remov$4 ,two or ?ree lessons prop]ly adm9i/]$ 9 ?is way w conqu] ! mo/ /ubborn horse4 ,aft] a /ubborn horse has be5 ?r[n sev]al times1 x may happ5 t he w n p]mit 8 =e leg to be /rapp$ up1 & w resi/ by re>+1 plung+1 /rik+1 or kick+4 ,9 su* cases ano!r /rap1 ,no4 #c1 may be necess>y4 ,?is is a /rong lea!r surc+le ab\t ?ree in*es wide 9 :i* two iron r+s1 ab\t two feet six in*es ap>t1 are securely fa/5$4 ,! lea!r gir? is secur$ s t ! r+s w be ab\t ! middle ( ! horse's sides4 ,two long /raps1 ,no4 #a1 are us$4 ,"o is plac$ on ea* front pa/]n )\t rais+ ! foot4 ,! free ends ( ! /raps are run ?r\gh ! r+s on ! surc+le s t !y c be us$ z a pair ( driv+-re9s4 ,^! /raps are held by "o man 9 re> ( ! horse1 :ile ano!r1 approa*+ ! horse on ! ne> side1 attempts to raise 8 left foot4 ,! in/ant ! horse re>s1 /rikes1 or plunges he is br\ght to 8 knees by ! man hold+ ! long re9s2 aft] ?is is repeat$ sev]al times ! horse w all[ 8 foot to be /rapp$ up4 ,%\ld ! horse /&1 or refuse to move1 ! :ip may be us$4 ,^! means may be us$ to break horses ( re>+1 plung+1 or buck+ "u ! saddle4 ,9 ?is case ! surc+le is disp5s$ )2 ! rid] holds ! /raps & ex]ts suffici5t =ce :5 ! horse is refractory to br+ him to 8 knees4 ,! same means may be us$ to discipl9e horses :i* refuse to c>ry d\ble1 ! man 9 ! re> hold+ ! /raps4 ,,to ,,break ,,! ,,horse ,,( ,,kick+4 ,! horse is ?r[n & "o end ( ea* ( ! long /raps is made fa/ to ! bit-r+s2 ! o!r ends are pass$ ?r\gh ! r+s on ! lea!r surc+le & secur$ to ! h9d pa/]ns4 ,:5 ?us secur$1 all means %\ld be resort$ to 9 ord] to make ! horse kick1 & ?is %\ld be repeat$ until he no long] /ruggles or attempts to move 8 h9d legs "u any provocation :atev]4 ,,treatm5t ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,horses4 ,horses require g5tle treatm5t4 ,docile1 b bold1 horses are apt to retaliate ^u ^? :o abuse !m1 :ile p]si/5t k9dness (t5 reclaims vici\s animals4 ,a horse mu/ nev] be kick$ 9 ! belly1 or /ruck ab\t ! head ) ! h&s1 re9s1 or any in/rum5t :atev]4 ,nev] ?reat51 /rike1 or o!rwise abuse a horse4 ,be=e ent]+ a /all speak to ! horse g5tly1 & !n g 9 quietly4 ,nev] take a rapid gait until ! horse has be5 w>m$ up by g5tle ex]cise4 ,nev] put up a horse br\ght to ! /able or l9e heat$1 b ?r[ a blanket ov] him & rub 8 legs1 or walk him until cool4 ,if he is wet1 put him "u %elt] & wisp him aga9/ ! hair until dry4 ,nev] fe$ gra9 to a horse1 or all[ him to /& uncov]$1 :5 heat$4 ,hay w n hurt a horse no matt] h[ w>m he may be4 ,nev] wat] a horse :5 heat$1 unless ! ex]cise or m>* is to be imm$iately resum$4 ,a few m\?fuls ( wat]1 h[ev]1 w d no h>m1 & %\ld ord9>ily be giv5 him4 ,nev] ?r[ wat] ov] a horse com+ 9 hot1 n ev5 ov] 8 legs or feet4 ,nev] all[ a horse's back to be cool$ sudd5ly by wa%+ or ev5 remov+ ! blanket unnecess>ily4 ,to cool ! back gradually1 ! blanket may be remov$ & replac$ ) ! dry side next ! horse4 ,at lea/ two h\rs' ex]cise daily is necess>y to ! heal? & good condition ( horses2 !y %\ld be m>*$ a few miles :5 cold wea!r1 muddy gr\nd1 etc41 prev5t drill4 ,horses' legs w be (t5 h&-rubb$1 p>ticul>ly aft] sev]e ex]cise1 z ?is removes enl>gem5t & relieves or prev5ts /iffness4 ,9 mild wea!r ! %ea? w be wa%$ out once a mon? ) w>m wat] & ca/ile soap & !n greas$2 dur+ ! cold season ! int]vals betwe5 wa%+s %\ld be long]4 ,sore backs & gall$ %\ld]s are g5]ally occasion$ by neglect4 ,! greate/ pa9s w be tak5 9 ! fitt+ ( ! saddles & coll>s2 ! m5 mu/ nev] be all[$ to l\nge or sit unev5ly 9 _! saddles4 ,e driv] %\ld keep a pair ( s(t lea!r pads1 /uff$ ) hair1 ab\t six in*es by f\r2 ! mom5t any t5d]ness is notic$ 9 a horse's %\ld]1 ! pressure is remov$ by plac+ ^! pads "u ! coll> above & bel[ ! t5d] "p4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,horses4 ,occasions arise r5d]+ ! de/ruction ( horses necess>y4 ,! foll[+ in/ructions w enable "o to arrive at a po9t directly ov] ! summit ( ! bra91 & :i* :5 fir$ ^u w cause in/antane\s dea?4 ,draw a l9e1 ,a ,a1 horizontally across ! =ehead f ! upp] m>g9 ( "o zygomatic ridge to ! o!r1 & f its c5tral po9t1 ,b1 measure v]tically upw>d on ! =ehead #c to #d in*es4 ,! po9t1 ,d1 ?us obta9$ is directly ov] ! bra9-cavity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,be=e fir+1 ! horse %\ld be induc$ to l[] 8 head1 :i* is easily accompli%$ by plac+ a little food ^u ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle ( ! weapon be+ br\ght directly ov] ! spot indicat$4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! />1 or curl1 is ov] ! bra9-cavity1 = x is g5]ally bel[ ! cavity4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,organization ( ,artill]y4 ,composition ( ,light ,batt]ies4 ,equipm5t4 ,equipm5t & ,clo?+ = ,m>*es4 ,m>*es4 ,selection ( ,camps4 ,mak+ ,camp4 ,break+ ,camp4 ,all[ance ( ,wagons4 ,,organization ,,( ,,artill]y4 ,artill]y troops are divid$ into light artill]y & heavy artill]y4 ,to ! light artill]y belongs ! s]vice ( ! batt]ies :i* manuvre ) troops 9 ! field4 ,! light-artill]y batt]ies include horse-batt]ies1 9 :i* ! cannone]s are m\nt$ on horseback2 field-batt]ies1 9 :i* ! cannone]s m>* by ! side ( _! pieces1 or are m\nt$ on ! ammunition-*e/s1 axle-seats1 & (f horses2 & m\nta9-batt]ies1 9 :i* ! pieces may be transport$ on pack-animals4 ,ma*9e-batt]ies are designat$1 accord+ to _! equipm5t & model ( gun1 z horse1 field1 or m\nta91 ,gatl+1 ,g>dn]1 etc41 batt]ies4 ,! #c4b-;in* gun is us$ 9 bo? field-& horse-batt]ies2 ! #c4f-;in* gun is us$ 9 field-batt]ies only4 ,a field-batt]y equipp$ ) ! #c4b-;in* gun is call$ a light field-batt]y2 "o equipp$ ) ! #c4f-;in* gun is call$ a heavy field-batt]y4 ,a battalion ( artill]y consi/s ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r batt]ies1 & is comm&$ by a field-(fic] ( artill]y4 ,! heavy artill]y ( an army 9 ! field consi/s ( ^? batt]ies :i* s]ve ! siege-& position-guns1 & ! artill]y-ammunition & supply tra9s4 ,! light artill]y ( an army corps consi/s ( divisional artill]y & corps artill]y4 ,! ,divisional ,artill]y consi/s ( a battalion ( f two to f\r batt]ies1 is an integral "p ( ! division1 & is comm&$ by a field-(fic] :o has a /aff consi/+ ( an adjutant 7lieut5ant71 s]geant-major1 qu>t]ma/]-s]geant1 & *ief trumpet]4 ,! ,corps ,artill]y consi/s ( two or m battalions2 x is compos$ ( field-& horse-batt]ies 9 suitable proportions1 & is comm&$ by a colonel :o has a /aff consi/+ ( an adjutant 7lieut5ant71 a qu>t]ma/] & commiss>y 7lieut5ant7 s]geant-major1 qu>t]ma/]-s]geant1 & *ief trumpet]4 ,all ! artill]y atta*$ to an army corps con/itutes an artill]y brigade4 ,a battalion ( horse-artill]y is atta*$ to & is "p ( ea* division ( cavalry4 ,9 small] comm&s a batt]y may be atta*$ to an infantry or cavalry brigade4 ,! proportion ( artill]y is f ?ree to f\r guns to "o ?\s& m54 ,! *ief ( artill]y ( an army or corps is a brigadi]-g5]al1 & is on ! /aff ( ! comm&] ( ! corps4 ,! corps artill]y is "u ! ord]s ( ! brigadi]-g5]al1 *ief ( artill]y1 & he also assumes control ( ! divisional artill]y 9 action :5 ord]$ to d s by ! corps comm&]4 ,! field-(fic] comm&+ ! divisional artill]y is ! *ief ( artill]y ( ! division1 & is on ! /aff ( ! division comm&]1 b he w encamp ) ! divisional artill]y4 ,,composition ,,( ,,light ,,batt]ies4 ,a batt]y consi/s ( a fix$ numb] ( pieces & caissons ( a comb9$ batt]y-wagon & =ge1 & an artill]y-wagon1 toge!r ) a suffici5t numb] ( (fic]s1 m51 & horses = ! effici5t s]vice ( ! batt]y4 ,organization ( ,light ,batt]ies4--,a batt]y is ma9ta9$ on "o ( ! foll[+ foot+s3 #a1 = in/ruction2 #b1 = w>4 ------------------------------------- ,in/ruction4 ---------------------- ,field-batt]y4 #f ,guns1 #d ,caissons4 -------------------- ,(fic]s4,m54,horses4 ----------------------------------- ,capta9 #a ,lieut5ants #c ,/aff-s]geants #b;a #b ,s]geants #f #f ,corporals #i;c #c ,artific]s #d;e ,trumpet]s #b #b ,guidon #a #a ,wagon] ,driv]s #bd #dh ,cannone]s #cf ,sup]num]>y driv]s ,sp>e horses #d ,range-f9d]s4 -------------------- ,total #d #hd #ff ----------------------------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,w>4 ---------------------- ,field-batt]y4 #f ,guns1 #i ,caissons4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,(fic]s4,m54,horses4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,capta9 #a ,comm&+ ! platoons & caissons4 ,lieut5ants #d ,/aff-s]geants #c;b #c a4 ,fir/ s]geant1 /able & vet]9>y s]geant4 ,s]geants #f #f b4 ,fir/ s]geant1 ,corporals #ae;d #i qu>t]ma/] & /able & vet]9>y s]geants4 ,artific]s #e;f #e c4 ,six gunn]s & ?ree ,trumpet]s #b #b caisson corporals4 ,guidon #a #a d4 ,six gunn]s & n9e ,wagon] #a #d caisson corporals4 ,driv]s #dh #if ,cannone]s #hd e4 ,two blacksmi?s1 "o ,sup]num]>y saddl]1 "o ma*9i/4 driv]s #h ,sp>e horses #af f4 ,?ree blacksmi?s1 "o saddl]1 "o ma*9i/ ,range-f9d]s4 #b #b ---------------------------------------- ----- ,total #e #age #add ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,! ma*9i/ %\ld be conv]sant ) ! con/ruction & me*anism ( ! gun1 & compet5t to make ! ord9>y repairs x may require4 ,! m5 %\ld be intellig5t1 active1 & muscul>1 & n less ?an five feet five in*es1 nor m ?an six feet1 9 height2 v l>ge m5 are specially undesirable4 ,! great majority %\ld be m5 accu/om$ to horses2 a suitable proportion mu/ be me*anics4 ,if a public horse be all[$ to ea* subalt]n1 ! numb] ( horses 9 ! above table w be proportionately increas$4 ,! batt]y-wagon & =ge & ! artill]y-wagon1 :5 n hors$1 mu/ be kept ) ! batt]y & equipp$ ) ! prop] tools & /ores4 ,:5 a batt]y on ! in/ruction foot+ is ord]$ to m>*1 x mu/ be suppli$ ) additional horses necess>y to horse all ! c>riages4 ,9 horse-batt]ies1 9 addition to ! numb] ( horses above describ$1 t5 saddle-horses 7includ+ "o sp>e horse7 are requir$ = ea* gun deta*m5t4 ,,equipm5t4 ,9 g>rison ! fir/ s]geant1 qu>t]ma/]-s]geant1 /able & vet]9>y s]geants1 & *iefs ( section are arm$ ) ! sabre1 & ! caisson corporals1 trumpet]s1 guidon1 & driv]s also1 :5 specially direct$4 ,9 ! field ! fir/ s]geant1 qu>t]ma/]-s]geant1 /able s]geant1 & *iefs ( section are arm$ ) ! sabre & revolv]2 all o!r m5 are arm$ ) ! revolv] & knife4 ,9 prep>+ = a m>* or field s]vice ! k9ds & quantities ( supplies requir$ w dep5d on ! duration & "* ( ! "w4 ,hav+ det]m9$ :at is requir$1 divide ! "w ( prep>+ = s]vice among ! (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s imm$iately 9 *>ge1 & !n c>efully sup]9t5d ! "w y\rself4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! foll[+ po9ts3 ,rations1 =age1 m$ic9es1 vet]9>y m$ic9es1 in/rum5ts1 & b&ages1 lea!r & sp>e p>ts = repairs to h>ness1 c>riages1 etc41 horse%oes1 horse%oe-nails1 blacksmi?'s1 saddl]'s1 & c>p5t]'s tools 7if !re be no batt]y-wagon & =ge71 field-desk1 ) a supply ( blanks1 pap]1 envelopes1 p5s1 ink1 & p5cils1 ! necess>y company-books1 & a book ( telegraph blanks1 ammunition 7%ell1 %rapnel1 cani/]1 c>tridges1 fuzes1 fuze-cutt]s1 friction-prim]s1 lany>ds71 oil = h>ness1 cosmol9e = guns1 equipm5t & clo?+ = ea* man1 numb] & k9d ( t5ts1 ,sibley /oves1 axes1 hat*ets1 mauls1 scy!s1 sickles1 buckets1 spades1 %ovels1 pickaxes1 wagon-tongues1 c\pl+-poles1 hame-/r+s1 op5 l9ks1 odomet]1 rope1 axle-grease1 picket-rope1 light jacks1 lant]ns1 mat*es1 cook+ ut5sils1 p]sonal outfit4 ,,cook+ ,,ut5sils4 ,,pack ,,9 ,,box ,a4 #ge #aej ,article4 ,m54 ,m54 ,di%pans #b #c ,c(fee-mill #a #a ,bread-knives #b #b ,meat-knives #b #b ,/eel #a #a ,cleav] #a #a ,saw #a #a ,=ks1 c>v+ #b #c ,=ks1 spit #b #b ,spoons1 long #b #b ,c-op5]s #b #b ,ladles #b #b ,fry+-pans #b #b ,small rations ,,pack ,,9 ,,box ,b4 #ge #aej ,article4 ,m54 ,m54 ,c(fee-boil] #a #b ,camp-kettles #d #f ,wat]-buckets #b #c ,dipp] #a #a ,ha% ma*9e #a #a #a axe1 #a spade1 #a %ovel1 ti$ toge!r & fa/5$ to outside ( box4 ,put ! camp-kettles inside ! c(fee-boil]s4 ,v9eg>-keg1 #a1 ,dut* ov5s1 #b1 or ,buzzacott ov51 #a1 = #ge m52 d\ble ! numb] = #aej m54 ,"o ( ! boxes may be l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! ,buzzacott ov54 ,9 ord] to pack x put 9 ! top inv]t$1 & !n inv]t ! body ( ! ov5 & set x inside ! top4 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,clo?+ ,,= ,,m>*es4 ,,(fic]s' ,,clo?+1 ,,equipm5t1 ,,etc4 ,an (fic]'s equipm5t usually consi/s ( sabre1 revolv]1 & ammunition1 & a good b9ocul>-glass4 ,he %\ld also be provid$ ) a compass1 wat*1 knife1 & notebook & p5cil4 ,a small wat* s fitt$ 9 a lea!r /rap t x may be worn on ! wri/ is recomm5d$ z v conv5i5t4 ,! clo?+ & b$d+ c>ri$ w dep5d on ! climate & ! "* ( ! m>*4 ,! foll[+ li/ conta9s ab\t ev]y?+ "o requires3 #a wat]-bucket4 #a dipp]4 #a qu>t cup1 t94 #a wa%bas91 rubb]4 #a small look+-glass4 #a lant]n1 ) oil or c&les = same4 #a small oil-/ove1 fitt$ 9 box4 #a oil-c4 #e gals4 oil4 #a t9 mat*box4 ,box ( mat*es4 #a or #b fold+-*airs4 #a fold+-b$4 #a fold+-table4 #a rubb] blanket4 #a small /rip c>pet4 #a pill[4 ,necess>y b$d+4 #a pair tr\s]s1 extra4 #a bl\se1 extra4 #a pair %oes4 doz4 %oe/r+s4 #a pair ov]%oes4 #a pair slipp]s4 #a pair gauntlets1 extra4 #a campaign hat4 #a ov]coat4 #a rubb] coat4 #b pairs draw]s1 extra4 #b und]%irts1 extra4 #b flannel %irts4 #d pairs socks4 #d t[els4 doz4 h&k]*iefs4 #a sponge1 9 oil-silk bag4 ,packages ( toilet-pap]4 #a portfolio1 ) p5s1 ink1 pap]1 envelopes1 & /amps4 #a hold-all1 conta9+ comb1 bru%1 clo!s-bru%1 scissors1 soap 79 soapbox71 too?bru% & too?-p[d]1 %av+ mat]ials4 #a h\sewife1 ) ne$les1 ?read & buttons4 ,pipe1 tobacco1 & fuzees4 #a piece /\t cord4 #a tape-measure4 #a pocket-map4 ,9 ,cold ,climate4 #a buffalo or felt-l9$ ov]coat4 #a fur cap4 #a pair fur gloves4 #d pairs wool5 socks4 #a pair felt boots4 #a pair high arctic ov]%oes4 ,extra b$d+ or sleep+-bag4 ,/ick+-pla/]1 l9t1 safety-p9s1 t9 ( mu/>d-leaves1 & a few simple rem$ies 9 case ( dys5t]y1 di>rha1 con/ipation1 etc4 ,if mess+ alone1 #a t9 kettle1 #a fry+-pan1 #b bak+-pans 7small71 #a wire gridiron1 #a corkscrew1 salt-& pepp]-boxes1 #a c-op5]1 #a small meat-knife1 #a iron =k 7long71 #a iron spoon 7long71 #a small s\p-ladle1 #b plates1 #b t9 cups1 #b spoons1 #b teaspoons1 #b knives1 #b =ks1 tableclo?s & napk9s1 & su* /ores z "o may wi%4 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,clo?+ ,,= ,,enli/$ ,,m54 ,equipm5t = ,ea* ,enli/$ ,man4--,"o hunt+-knife1 "o pi/ol1 "o hol/]1 "o pi/ol-c>tridge belt 7wov571 "o screwdriv]1 "o cante51 "o cup1 "o meat-ration c 7knife1 =k1 & spoon71 & = ea* cannone] "o hav]sack4 ,clo?+ = ,ea* ,enli/$ ,man4--,two blankets1 "o rubb] blanket or pon*o1 "o ov]coat1 "o campaign hat1 "o pair ( legg+s1 two bl\ses1 two pairs ( tr\s]s1 two d>k blue flannel %irts1 two knit und]%irts1 two pairs ( draw]s1 two pairs ( %oes1 ?ree pairs ( socks1 two t[els1 toilet articles1 & /able-clo?+ = ^? requir+ x4 ,! extra articles w be c>ri$ z foll[s3 ,by ,m\nt$ ,non-commission$ ,(fic]s1 ,trumpet]s1 & ,guidon4--,d>k-blue flannel %irt1 und]%irt1 draw]s1 socks1 & screwdriv]1 9 saddle-bag1 (f pocket4 ,mess-kit1 9 saddle-bag1 ne> pocket4 ,bl\se1 tr\s]s1 & %oes1 9 knapsack4 ,ov]coat1 roll$ & /rapp$ on ! cantle ( saddle4 ,nose-bag1 on (f side ( cantle1 ! /rap pass+ ar\nd & "u ! ov]coat4 ,cante5 & cup 7cup on cante5-/rap7 /rapp$ to ne> pommel-r+4 ,by ,driv]s4--,d>k-blue flannel %irt1 /able-clo!s1 & %oes1 9 saddle-bag1 (f pocket1 ne> horse4 ,mess-kit1 9 saddle-bag1 ne> pocket1 ne> horse4 ,bl\se1 tr\s]s1 & screwdriv]1 9 ! saddle-bag1 (f pocket1 (f horse4 ,und]%irt1 draw]s1 & socks1 9 saddle-bag1 ne> pocket1 (f horse4 ,ov]coat1 roll$ & /rapp$ on cantle1 ne> horse4 ,nose-bags1 "o on ea* side ( (f horse1 ! /rap pass+ ar\nd ! cantle & "u ! ov]coat4 ,cante5 & cup 7cup on cante5-/rap7 /rapp$ to ne> pommel-r+1 ne> horse4 ,wat]+-bridles1 currycombs1 bru%es1 & halt]s1 9 ! nose-bags4 ,by ,cannone]s4--,bl\se1 tr\s]s1 & /able-clo!s1 9 knapsack1 flap side4 ,und]we>1 %oes1 & screwdriv]1 9 knapsack1 bottom side4 ,mess-kit1 9 hav]sack1 worn on left side ( p]son1 or c>ri$ 9 wagon4 ,ov]coat1 /rapp$ on knapsack4 ,cante5 & cup 7cup on cante5-/rap7 worn on "r side ( p]son4 ,! blankets1 fold$ 9 section bundles1 are c>ri$ 9 ! wagons4 ,! knapsacks are c>ri$ 9 ! wagons4 ,if !re be an artill]y-wagon ) ! batt]y1 all ! m5 h knapsacks & hav]sacks1 :i* are utiliz$ z prescrib$ = cannone]s4 ,:5 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac cross$ ! riv] 9 ,octob]1 #ahfb1 ea* (fic] 0 responsible = 8 own outfit2 ea* man c>ri$ five days' %ort rations 9 8 knapsack & ?ree 9 8 hav]sack1 "o half %elt]-t5t1 8 blanket or ov]coat1 "o *ange ( und]clo?+1 & 8 arms & ammunition4 ,to ,roll ! ,ov]coat4--,turn "o sleeve wrong side out1 fold ! ov]coat "r side out along middle back seam1 sleeve laid /raight1 sleeve wrong side out und]nea?4 ,fold cape twice f side to side1 lay x on coat1 coll> to coll>4 ,turn edges ( coat 9 s z to make sides p>allel1 & to measure #ab in*es wide at %\ld] & #af in*es at bottom4 ,roll f coll> d[n to )9 #bj in*es ( bottom1 turn up bottom & pull "o ?ickness ( skirt ov] ! roll1 mak+ all snug4 ,,m>*es4 ,! g5]al1 s\nd$ "o h\r be=e ! "t designat$ = m>*+1 is ! signal to /rike t5ts1 load wagons1 pack animals1 & s5d !m to ! place ( assembly4 ,! execution ( m>*+ ord]s mu/ n be delay$4 ,if ! comm&] is n ) ! troops :5 !y are to m>*1 ! next 9 rank puts ! column 9 motion4 ,:5 a m>* is 9 prospect1 x is well to g out daily1 = a week or t5 days previ\sly1 = a c\ple ( h\rs' m>*4 ,?is w h>d5 ! horses' %\ld]s & discov] :at corrections are to be made4 ,! av]age m>* = field-artill]y on good roads is f #ae to #bj miles a day2 horse-artill]y1 #be miles4 ,a s+le batt]y1 :5 ! m>* is a long "o1 w d well to trot occasionally2 s do+ %ort5s ! road & greatly relieves man & horse4 ,if ! c\ntry is undulat+1 ! platoons %\ld m>* ) consid]able di/ance betwe5 !m1 & ! trot %\ld be tak5 up by ea* 9 succession on arrival at ! level gr\nd :]e ! prec$+ platoon began to increase its pace4 ,! walk %\ld be resum$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,:5 m>*+ ) o!r troops1 ^! lib]ties _c be tak51 & ! walk is1 ) r>e exceptions1 ! gait us$4 ,9 rapid m>*es ! sl[ trot alt]nates ) ! walk4 ,:5 ! s]vices ( artill]y are urg5tly ne$$1 x may be requir$ to trot f\r or five miles )\t break+ ! gait4 ,long m>*es or exp$itions %\ld be begun mod]ately1 p>ticul>ly ) new horses4 ,t5 or twelve miles a day is en\gh = ! fir/ m>*es1 :i*1 on good roads1 may be increas$ to #bj or #be miles :5 necess>y1 aft] ! horses are inur$ to _! "w4 ,%\ld ! m>* be cont9u$ = a long p]iod1 at lea/ "o day 9 sev5 %\ld be devot$ to re/4 ,x is also important t ! horses & equipm5ts be ?or\ghly inspect$ at lea/ once a week4 ,on ord9>y roads horse-artill]y ) cavalry m>*es usually at ! rate ( #d or #e miles an h\r4 ,field-batt]ies1 by !mselves1 c m>* #c to #d miles an h\r on a good road1 b on heavy or hilly roads1 or :5 ! batt]y =ms "p ( a column1 ! rate ( progress w dep5d entirely ^u circum/ances4 ,%\ld a long m>* be made1 ! horses %\ld be f$ on ! road2 ord9>ily wat]+ w be suffici5t4 ,9 v hot wea!r frequ5t wat]+ w be advisable4 ,to keep horses 9 condition1 x is ess5tial t !y %\ld be 9 no wise /9t$ ( wat]4 ,no matt] h[ w>m a horse is six to t5 swall[s ( wat] w n hurt him4 ,always m>* ) a fe$ ( gra92 if n us$ on ! road1 x enables ! horses to be f$ z soon aft] arriv+ 9 camp z desirable4 ,horses %\ld be arrang$ 9 teams1 z f> z possible1 s z to be ( uni=m pace 9 walk+1 & ( simil> disposition4 ,on long m>*es x may be advisable to *ange ! ne> & (f horses days ab\t4 ,driv]s %\ld be requir$ to ride (f horses dur+ "p ( ea* day's m>*2 &1 unless ! entire batt]y be dism\nt$ by ord] ( ! capta91 all m\nt$ m5 & cannone]s w ord9>ily be p]mitt$ to m\nt & dism\nt at w :5 ! batt]y is mov+ at a walk on level gr\nd4 ,cannone]s ( field-batt]ies %\ld always walk up & d[n hill4 ,! c>e ( horses on ! m>* is "o ( ! mo/ important duties ( an artill]y (fic]2 by con/ant att5tion on ! "p ( ! capta91 *iefs ( platoon1 & *iefs ( section _m horses t w\ld o!rwise be disabl$ = mon?s may be kept 9 s]viceable condition4 ,! m5 mu/ n be all[$ to l\nge 9 _! saddles1 :i* leads to galls1 & ! driv]s %\ld be made to pay cont9ual att5tion to _! driv+1 & see t e horse does 8 fair %>e ( "w4 ,! lead-driv]s ( ea* team mu/ keep _! di/ance f ! team 9 _! front2 sw+-driv]s mu/ keep ! traces to _! front /ret*$1 & ! :eel-driv]s ^? to _! front4 ,h ! :eels greas$ daily1 & oil ! be>+ ( ! lunette on ! p9tle-hook4 ,grease on ! soles ( horses' ho(s prev5ts sn[ f ball+4 ,on />t+ f camp ! fir/ two miles %\ld be made at an easy walk2 a halt ( f #aj to #ae m9utes %\ld !n be made to all[ ! m5 to relieve !mselves & to re>range h>ness1 aft] :i* a halt ( f #e to #aj m9utes is made at ! end ( e h\r = ! purpose ( adju/+ h>ness1 tight5+ gir?s1 etc4 ,:5 troops m>* = ! great] "p ( ! day1 a halt ( ab\t an h\r is usually made ab\t noon4 ,at ea* halt pole-props w be let d[n2 coll>s unlock$ & ?r[n back on ! saddle or )]s1 & clean$ if necess>y2 saddles replac$ if !y h mov$2 c9*as tight5$ if necess>y1 & horses' feet exam9$4 ,! m>* is usually 9 column ( sections2 :5 practicable1 x w be 9 column ( platoons at close int]vals2 b ! front ( ! column mu/ n be frequ5tly dim9i%$ or increas$1 z ?is unavoidably adds to ! fatigue ( ! horses1 p>ticul>ly ( ^? 9 re>4 ,! column ( platoons %\ld n be us$ :5 x fills ! road f side to side s z to prev5t ! passage ( c>riages1 /aff-ord]lies1 etc4 ,a non-commission$ (fic] may be s5t =w>d to reconnoitre ! road or gr\nd t ! batt]y is to pass ov]4 ,! di/ance ( two y>ds betwe5 c>riages is ma9ta9$1 except 9 bad or difficult gr\nd1 :5 x may be increas$ to f\r or m y>ds4 ,! /ricte/ att5tion %\ld be paid by ! *iefs ( platoon & ( section to ! pres]vation ( di/ances1 :i* %\ld n be increas$ m ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,! lead+ guide %\ld ma9ta9 a sl[ & /eady walk1 & "u no circum/ances is a c>riage to move at a trot )\t ! ord]s ( ! batt]y comm&]2 :5 necess>y to close up1 x %\ld be done at a quick walk2 no practice is m fatigu+ to horses & injuri\s to _! %\ld]s ?an ! alt]nate trott+ & walk+ s (t5 se5 at ! re> ( a column4 ,if ! lead+ c>riage is tempor>ily /opp$ = any cause1 ! re> c>riages %\ld1 if practicable1 draw up alongside ea* o!r1 9 ord] to avoid or dim9i% z mu* z possible any *eck to ! column4 ,*iefs ( platoons mu/ nev] be p]mitt$ to leave _! platoons to m>* at ! head ( ! column2 :5 n m>*+ at ! re> ( _! platoons1 !y w halt frequ5tly to see t _! c>riages are well up & m>*+ prop]ly4 ,*iefs ( platoon & ( section1 )\t wait+ = express in/ructions1 give su* ord]s z may be necess>y = help+ horses out ( difficulty1 = ! passage ( ob/acles1 etc42 ! cannone]s assi/ at ! piece or caisson z may be requir$4 ,a small bun* ( bale-wire1 9 l5g?s ( f "o to two feet1 if c>ri$ by ea* *ief ( section 9 8 saddle-p\*1 is v useful = tempor>y repairs ( h>ness4 ,if ! ruts be v deep1 ! c>riages qu>t] ! road1 unless x be v n>r[ & sunk52 9 ?is case ! horses w be left to !mselves & n hurri$2 a skilful driv] c help 8 horses greatly1 p>ticul>ly ! :eel]s4 ,:5 wat]-call is s\nd$1 ! *iefs ( section1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! *iefs ( platoon or ( ! fir/ s]geant1 h ! wat]+-buckets tak5 (f ! c>riages1 & _! horses wat]$ )\t confusion4 ,:5 wat] is v sc>ce1 ! no/rils may be spong$1 :i* gives great relief1 p>ticul>ly 9 hot wea!r1 :5 x is n possible to let ! horses dr9k4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! m>* an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] may be s5t =w>d to select a camp-gr\nd4 ,! la/ two miles or m %\ld be made at a walk1 & ! horses br\ght into camp )\t excitem5t4 ,^u ! arrival ( ! batt]y 9 camp damages mu/ be repair$ )\t delay1 horses %od1 :eels & p9tles greas$1 etc4 ,on ! m>* artific]s & cooks %\ld always ride1 or be m\nt$ on ! *e/s2 if fatigu$ f m>*+1 !y _c be expect$ to "w effici5tly aft] gett+ into camp4 ,! m>* ( l>g] bodies ( artill]y is conduct$ on ! same pr9ciples4 ,a long column _c move z rapidly z a small "o1 & at ! same "t pres]ve equal ord]2 an all[ance is !re=e made = e column proportionate to its l5g?4 ,:5 ! roads are good1 or ev5 tol]able1 ! artill]y is always oblig$ to wait = ! infantry1 :i* is att5d$ ) mu* additional fatigue to ! horses1 f hav+ ! h>ness s mu* long] on !m4 ,likewise1 :5 ! roads are at all bad1 artill]y c only keep up ) cavalry1 :5 ! latt] are m>*+ at ! ord9>y rate1 by =c+ _! horses too mu* & we>+ !m out v rapidly4 ,:51 !re=e1 !re is no dang]1 ! artill]y %\ld be all[$ to m>* by itself s z to regulate its own rate ( m>*4 ,*iefs ( section %\ld c>ry nipp]s 9 _! saddle-p\*es to cut wire f5ces if necess>y4 ,,accid5ts ,,to ,,c>riages4 ,:5 an accid5t happ5s to a c>riage1 x is pull$ out ( ! column1 if possible1 s z n to int]rupt ! m>*2 o!rwise ! c>riages 9 re> pass x by ! mo/ conv5i5t flank1 & close to prop] di/ance4 ,! disabl$ c>riage resumes its place z soon z ! damage is repair$4 ,if ! road be n>r[1 x mu/ fall into ! fir/ int]val x f9ds1 & rega9 its prop] place z soon z ! gr\nd p]mits4 ,if a field-piece is disabl$1 ! cannone]s left to repair x1 :o _c be c>ri$ on ! limb]-*e/1 m\nt on ! axle-seats & (f horses :5ev] ! piece takes ! trot to rega9 its place4 ,if a caisson is disabl$1 ! caisson corporal & ! m5 necess>y to repair x are left ) x4 ,:5 a piece & its c>riage are ov]turn$1 x is bett] to dis5gage ! piece by lett+ ! bree* re/ on ! gr\nd1 or on a block ( wood1 & !n raise ! muzzle ) a h&spike :ile ! cap-squ>es are tak5 (f2 ! c>riage is !n right$ & ! piece m\nt$4 ,to "r ! c>riage )\t dis5gag+ ! piece1 deta* ! limb]1 secure ! cap-squ>es1 & la% ! bree* to ! /ock2 place ! middle ( a rope ov] ! nave ( "o :eel1 pass ! ends ( x d[nw>d betwe5 ! l[] spokes ( t :eel1 !n "u ! c>riage1 ?r\gh ! correspond+ spokes ( ! o!r :eel1 & !n upw>d ov] ! :eel & across ! top ( ! c>riage to ! side :]e x 0 fir/ atta*$4 ,! ends ( ! rope & ! :eel to be rais$ are !n mann$ & ! c>riage pull$ ov]1 two m5 be+ requir$ to /eady ! trail4 ,if necess>y1 ! ends ( ! rope may be fa/5$ to ! limb]1 & horses us$ to assi/ 9 right+ ! c>riage4 ,light c>riages may be right$ by h& )\t us+ a rope4 ,to ,remove a ,gun & ,c>riage2 ,c>riage ,disabl$4--,dism\nt ! gun2 remove ! horses & run ! limb] ov] ! gun1 s t ! bree* may be t[>ds ! pole & ! trunnions "u ! p9tle-hook2 place a h&spike 9 ! bore & raise x2 sl+ gun ) prolonge2 c>ry prolonge 9 re> ( "o trunnion1 & 9 front ( ! o!r1 r\nd ! p9tle-hook1 & pass ! end =w>d2 take a half-hit* r\nd ! bree* & secure firmly ar\nd ! =k1 be>+ d[n on ! muzzle until ! bree* is secur$4 ,replace cap-squ>es2 remove :eels2 turn ov] c>riage & place x on ! limb]-*e/4 ,?is is done by hav+ trail1 po9t+ t[>ds ! limb]1 lift$ up f ! front4 ,place :eels1 di% d[n1 on top ( c>riage1 & la% all firmly toge!r1 ! trail be+ la%$ to a h&spike 9 ! bore ( ! gun4 ,if ! caisson be pres5t1 place ! c>riage on x1 remov+ ! sp>e :eel & rais+ ! c>riage1 trail fir/1 f ! re>4 ,to ,disable a ,field-gun4--,op5 ! bree*-block & !n break x ) a heavy hamm]2 or load ! piece1 close ! bree* )\t lock+ x1 & fire ! piece2 or place two or ?ree blank c>tridges 9 ! gun1 close & lock ! bree*-block1 ram 9 f ! muzzle a ball ( clay or sod2 !n unlock ! bree*-block & fire2 or fire a %ott$ gun ) its muzzle aga9/ ! *ase ( ano!r4 ,guns ( ! ,krupp sy/em may be tempor>ily disabl$ by c>ry+ (f ! bree*-block1 or break+ (f its h&le4 ,,asc5ts4 ,aft] pull+ up a %ort1 /eep hill ! horses %\ld be halt$ to recov] _! w9d4 ,:5 ?is _c be done1 !y w move v sl[ly4 ,9 go+ up a difficult hill ! c>riages may be halt$ to re/ ! horses by br++ !m across ! declivity & lock+ ! limb]s or *ock+ ! :eels1 or by putt+ on ! brake to ! re>2 = ?is purpose x may be exp$i5t to />t ! sections or platoons f ! bottom 9 succession1 leav+ a di/ance ( #bj or #cj y>ds betwe5 ! diff]5t portions ( ! column4 ,if ! draught be s difficult t ! teams are liable to /all1 ! c>riages 9 re> are halt$1 & ! lead-& sw+-horses ( ! re> half ( ! c>riages c be tak5 out & hit*$ to ! lead+ half2 :5 ^! h be5 tak5 ?r\gh1 all ! horses1 except ! :eel1 w be tak5 back1 & ! re> c>riages br\ght up4 ,z x is v h>d to make ! horses pull toge!r1 n m ?an five pairs c be hit*$ ) effect to a s+le c>riage4 ,,desc5ts4 ,! driv]s nev] dism\nt go+ d[n hill2 ! :eel-driv] holds 8 ne> horse well 9 h&1 & 8 (f horse v %ort4 ,two cannone]s may be m\nt$ on ea* gun-c>riage & caisson to apply ! brakes4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( in/ructions f high] au?ority ! *ief ( c>riage directs :e!r ! brakes are to be appli$ to a p>ticul> :eel or to bo?4 ,! brakes are easily appli$ & remov$1 & a judici\s use ( !m w save ! horse mu* fatigue & prev5t sore necks & %\ld]s4 ,if ! desc5t be v /eep1 ! sectional picket-l9e may be us$ by ! cannone]s to hold back2 9 ?is case ! :eel-horses only rema9 hit*$ to ! c>riage1 ! o!rs be+ l$ 9 re>4 ,,mov+ ,,along ,,declivities4 ,if a c>riage h to move along a declivity s /eep t a slight jolt may ov]turn x1 ! :eels are lock$1 ! sectional picket-l9e fa/5$ to ! top ( ! upp] :eel & held by two or ?ree cannone]s1 :o m>* on ! upp] side ( ! slope4 ,,dit*es4 ,if ! dit* be wide & deep1 ! prolonge is fix$ & ! h&spike turn$ ov] on ! flask & secur$1 ! team is halt$ on ! edge1 & ! piece run by h& close to ! limb]1 :i* !n moves sl[ly until ! piece rea*es ! bottom ( ! dit*1 :5 x moves quickly until ! piece is out4 ,if ! dit* be deep & n>r[1 x may be necess>y to cut d[n ! edges & hold back ) ! sectional picket-l9e2 %\ld ! trail s9k into ! gr\nd 9 pass+ ov]1 x is dis5gag$ ) a h&spike or by fa/5+ a prolonge to x4 ,9 pass+ %all[ dit*es1 dra9s1 or deep furr[s ! c>riages mu/ cross !m obliquely4 ,,mov+ ,,ov] ,,m>%y ,,gr\nd4 ,ea* c>riage moves at a di/ance ( #aj to #ab y>ds f ! "o prec$+ x to avoid hav+ to halt2 (fic]s or non-commission$ (fic]s are po/$ at ! wor/ places to in/ruct ! driv]s h[ to conduct _! teams4 ,! horses mu/ pull freely & quick5 ! gait2 if ! gr\nd be v miry1 x may be necess>y to assi/ ) sectional picket-l9es1 or ev5 to use !m alone1 ! teams cross+ sep>ately4 ,,cross+ ,,=ds ,,& ,,/reams4 ,if ! =d be n well kn[n1 x mu/ be exam9$ & ! dang]\s places m>k$ be=e ! c>riages attempt to cross4 ,if ! wat] be deep & ! curr5t /rong1 great c>e is necess>y4 ,! m5 are in/ruct$ to keep _! eyes fix$ on "s object on ! opposite bank :i* m>ks ! place ( exit2 !y mu/ n look at ! /ream1 & !y move r aga9/ ! curr5t1 s z to bett] resi/ its p[]4 ,if ! =d h a bad bottom & ! banks be difficult1 ! teams are /r5g!n$ by add+ pairs2 an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] is po/$ at ! entrance to regulate ! di/ance betwe5 c>riages & to in/ruct ! driv]s h[ to proce$2 a second (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] is po/$ at ! exit to direct ! driv]s h[ to leave ! =d4 ,! managem5t ( ! team is ! same z 9 cross+ m>%y gr\nd2 ! horses mu/ n be all[$ to halt or trot ei!r 9 pass+ ! =d or leav+ x1 unless ! /ream be nei!r deep nor v rapid2 9 ?is case ! c>riages may be halt$ to let ! horses dr9k1 or at lea/ to give !m a m\?ful ( wat]4 ,^u rea*+ ! opposite bank ! lead+ c>riages are halt$ aft] !y h mov$ f> en\gh =w>d to leave room = ! c>riages 9 re>4 ,if ! *e/s be n wat]-tight & are at ! usual height ( two feet & t5 in*es above ! gr\nd1 a =d deep] ?an two feet f\r in*es _c be cross$ )\t dang] ( wett+ ! ammunition4 ,if ! *e/s be wat]-tight or means h be5 tak5 to raise !m high en\gh1 a dep? ( #c feet may be safely attempt$4 ,:5 ! =d is deep] ?an ?is1 ! cannone]s mu/ c>ry ov] ! c>tridges1 fuzes1 & prim]s 9 ! p\*es1 :i* !y hold above ! wat]4 ,! *e/s are sometimes remov$ & tak5 ov] 9 boats4 ,9 cross+ /reams t _c be =d$1 :5 !re are no bridges1 ! horses are swum1 & ! c>riages & h>ness cross$ on rafts1 etc4 ,,passage ,,( ,,milit>y ,,bridges4 ,at ! entrance ( ! bridge ! lead-& sw+-driv]s dism\nt & lead _! pairs4 ,a di/ance ( #ab y>ds is tak5 betwe5 ! c>riages1 & ! gait is free & decid$2 ! driv]s keep ! c>riages z ne> ! middle ( ! floor z possible4 ,if ! floor+ be wet1 batt5s %\ld be nail$ across x to keep ! horses f fall+4 ,if ! bridge beg9s to rock1 ! passage ( ! column is susp5d$4 ,9 pass+ ov] a fly+ bridge all ! driv]s dism\nt & hold _! horses2 ! lead-& sw+-horses %\ld be tak5 out & l$ onto ! bridge or boat2 ! brakes %\ld be appli$ to ! re>1 s t ! c>riage _c be run back4 ,,passage ,,on ,,ice4 ,ice #c or #d in*es ?ick w be> infantry4 ,ice #d in*es ?ick w be> light guns or cavalry4 ,ice #f in*es ?ick w be> heavy field-guns4 ,,fac+ ,a ,,batt]y ,,to ,,! ,,re> ,,on ,a ,,n>r[ ,,road4 ,all ! c>riages are mov$ close to "o side ( ! road1 & ! pieces & caissons unlimb]$ & br\ght ab\t2 ! limb]s !n take _! places 9 front ( _! c>riages by an ab\t1 & ! c>riages are limb]$ up2 if !re be n room = ! limb]s to execute an ab\t1 ! horses are tak5 out4 ,if ! road be s n>r[ t ! limb]s _c pass ! c>riages1 ! trails ( ! pieces & ! /ocks ( ! caissons are c>ri$ ar\nd until p]p5dicul> to ! road1 & are !n plac$ aga9/ ! bank1 ! :eels be+ run close to x2 on an embankm5t1 or a road ) dit*es on ea* side1 ! c>riages are run z close to ! edge z possible1 ! :eels *ock$ or lock$1 & ! trails & /ocks held up :ile ! limb]s pass4 ,,! ,,odomet]4 ,! odomet] regi/]s ! numb] ( revolutions ( ! :eel to :i* x is atta*$4 ,! di/ance measur$ by ! odomet] is n exact1 ow+ to ! slip ( ! :eel4 ,to ,read ! ,odomet]4--,lift ! read+-circle f its box & note ! numb] on ! inn] :eel to ! left ( ! z]o2 ?is w be ! fir/ two figures ( ! read+1 & ! numb] on ! out] :eel to ! left ( ! po9t] w be ! next two4 ,to ,measure a ,di/ance ) ! ,odomet]4--,tie ! case by its /raps to a spoke close to ! hub ( a h9d :eel ( any vehicle atta*$ to ! comm&4 ,^u />t+ read ! odomet] & record ! read+4 ,at ! end ( ! c\rse aga9 record ! odomet]-read+4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two read+s multipli$ by ! circumf]5ce ( ! :eel w give ! di/ance pass$ ov]4 ,& 9 g5]al1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 any two read+s1 multipli$ by ! circumf]5ce ( ! :eel :i* be>s x w give ! developm5t ( ! pa? trav]s$ by ! :eel betwe5 ! po9ts at :i* ! read+s 7 tak54 ,,camps ,,& ,,camp+ ,,selection ,,( ,,camps4 ,avoid camp+ or biv\ack+ 9 gravey>ds4 ,get z f> to w9dw>d ( !m z possible4 ,avoid gr\nd t has be5 encamp$ on be=e1 & if oblig$ to camp ne> x g to w9dw>d ( old site4 ,avoid all riv]s ) m>%y banks1 & m>%es ( e description4 ,if oblig$ to camp ) a small =ce = a day or two ne> a m>%1 if possible place y\rself s z to h a hill or ev5 "s ris+ gr\nd or woods betwe5 y & x4 ,9 camp+ ne> a /ream cross x be=e mak+ camp if possible & select a rise ( gr\nd ne> by4 ,l[ gr\nd is unheal?y4 ,all bru%wood %\ld be avoid$1 z also =e/s lately cut d[n4 ,a grass c\ntry ) a s&y or gravelly subsoil is be/2 l& ) a clayey subsoil is damp4 ,!re %\ld be good natural dra9age1 & ! location %\ld be ne> fuel1 wat]1 & ! road4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,! ,,camp4 ,hav+ fix$ on ! g5]al plan ( a camp1 lay out ! l9es ! t5ts are to occupy1 & drive pegs to m>k ! position ( ! t5t-poles or ! c5tre ( ea* t5t4 ,= wall-t5ts ! di/ance betwe5 t5t-poles ( adjac5t t5ts %\ld be at lea/ #bj feet4 ,,camp+4 ,on arriv+ 9 camp p>k ! batt]y ) suffici5t int]vals to all[ ea* horse at lea/ a y>d & a half on ! picket-l9e1 & h ! wagons take positions mo/ favorable = unload+4 ,! sections ( picket-rope are usually /ret*$ along ! sp>e :eels ( ! caissons by cannone]s "u sup]vision ( ! gunn]s4 ,!n ! cannone]s1 :ile driv]s are unh>ness+1 etc41 are told (f into deta*m5ts1 ea* "u a non-com4 (fic] :5 necess>y1 = unload+ wagons1 pit*+ t5ts1 obta9+ wood & wat]1 & prep>+ latr9es4 ,! driv]s z soon z dism\nt$ are direct$ to unhit*1 & if ! animals are suffici5tly cool !y %\ld be wat]$ & f$4 ,exam9e feet1 sponge eyes & no/rils1 remove h>ness1 & tie to picket-l9e4 ,z soon z ! h>ness has be5 remov$ pass ! h& c>efully ov] ! horse's %\ld]s & back1 & if !re be any indication ( a h>d lump x %\ld be at once h&-rubb$4 ,horses %\ld be p]mitt$ to roll if backs be dry1 z x is v re/ful to !m4 ,leave blanket1 secur$ by surc+le1 on horse's back until dry if necess>y4 ,aft] two h\rs s\nd /ables1 at :i* ! batt]y & platoon comm&]s %\ld be pres5t1 & let ! m5 get to "w on _! horses2 a good rubb+-d[n is all t is necess>y1 )\t ! elaborate groom+ requir$ 9 g>rison4 ,coll>-galls & gir?-galls %\ld be kept wet ) salt & wat]1 & saddle-galls h a clo? wett$ 9 ! same mann] kept on !m4 ,or wa% ! gall$ spot & !n cov] x ) a p[d] =m$ ( #a "p iod(orm & #c p>ts sulphur4 ,:5 ! animal has to be us$1 cov] x aft] dress+ ) a piece ( old-fa%ion$ /ick+-pla/]4 ,%\ld a rid+-or draught-horse get a sore back1 he may be us$ z an (f lead] or sw+-horse4 ,! saddle %\ld be remov$ & ! crupp] connect$ to ! coll> by a back-/rap4 ,brea/-h>ness may be us$ on a horse ) a coll>-gall4 ,z a rule1 horses %\ld n be unh>ness$ at night 9 ! pres5ce ( an active enemy2 !y %\ld be ti$ closely toge!r1 tails to ! w9d1 & %\ld be %ift$ day or night to prev5t _! be+ head to ! w9d4 ,to ,unh>ness 9 ! ,field4--,if h>ness-racks be n us$1 ! pole-prop is plac$ "u ! end ( ! pole2 ! s+le-trees are left atta*$ to ! d\ble-trees2 ! :eel-traces are unhit*$ f ! coll>s only1 & laid ov] ! *e/ f front to re>1 or on ! foot-bo>d2 ! coll>s ( ! :eel-team on top ( ! limb]-*e/ 7paul9s hav+ be5 remov$7 next to ! rail on ! ne> side1 ! sw+-coll>s 9 ! middle1 & ! lead-coll>s next to ! (f-side rail2 ! coll> ( ! (f horse is plac$ on top ( t ( ! ne> horse ( ! same team2 ! rema9d] ( ! h>ness is plac$ on ! pole1 t ( ! ne> :eel-horse next to ! d\ble-tree & z close to x z possible1 next t ( ! (f :eel-horse1 & !n ! sw+-& aft] t ! lead-h>ness1 bo? 9 ! ord] laid d[n = ! :eel-h>ness2 ! traces ( ! lead-& sw+-h>ness 7fold$ once7 are laid ov] ! pole2 !n on top ( !m ! saddles ) ! atta*m5ts ov] !m1 s z n to re/ on ! gr\nd4 ,! neck-yoke is plac$ on ! foot-bo>d4 ,figs4 #gg & #gh repres5t ! ord9>y me?ods ( encampm5t4 ,^! me?ods are modifi$ to suit ! circum/ances & nature ( ! gr\nd4 ,fir/ ,me?od4--,! batt]y is p>k$ ) #ae y>ds int]val betwe5 c>riages4 ,! extra caissons1 ! batt]y-wagon & =ge1 & ! artill]y-wagon are 9 a ?ird l9e beh9d ! caissons4 ,! h>ness ( ea* team is arrang$ on ! c>riage4 ,! picket-l9e is #ae y>ds 9 re> ( ! caissons2 x is ei!r /ret*$ betwe5 po/s ab\t #f feet high or betwe5 caissons1 or laid on ! gr\nd & secur$ by p9s4 ,:5 ! gr\nd picket-l9e is us$1 ! end p9s %\ld be at lea/ #a in* 9 diamet] & #c feet long1 & to less5 ! dang] ( _! be+ pull$ up no horse %\ld be ti$ ne>] ?an #ab feet f !m2 a suffici5t numb] ( small] p9s1 ab\t ( an in* 9 diamet] & #b feet long1 are us$ betwe5 ! end p9s to keep ! l9e /raight & prev5t x f sway+4 ,! p9s %\ld be ( iron ) /eel heads & po9ts4 ,! horses are secur$ to ! gr\nd-l9e by hobbles1 or by hit*+-/raps if long en\gh to prev5t con/ra9t to ! horses4 ,! gr\nd picket-l9e %\ld n be us$ unless ! e>? is suffici5tly firm to hold ! p9s securely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,! m5's t5ts are pit*$ 9 l9e1 ab\t #cj y>ds 9 re> ( ! picket-l9e2 ! fir/ s]geant's t5t cov]s ! c>riages ( ! "r section2 ! left gu>d-t5t cov]s ! c>riages ( ! left section2 ! t5ts ( ea* section are 9 ! ord] ( _! pieces 9 p>k1 & are clos$ to ! c5tre1 or to ! "r1 s z to h a vacant space betwe5 ! gu>d-t5ts & ! t5ts ( ! left section4 ,! m5's kit*5s are 9 l9e1 #aj y>ds 9 re> ( ! gu>d-t5ts1 :i* may be fac$ to ! "r1 s t ,no4 #a c ov]look ! kit*54 ,! (fic]s' t5ts are 9 l9e1 #cj y>ds 9 re> ( ! batt]y t5ts2 ! capta9's t5t on ! "r1 cov]+ t ( ! fir/ s]geant4 ,! (fic]s' kit*5s are #aj y>ds 9 re> ( _! t5ts4 ,! baggage-wagons are 9 l9e #cj y>ds 9 re> ( ! (fic]s' t5ts4 ,! s9ks are #ej y>ds 9 re> ( ! wagons2 ! (fic]s' s9k on ! "r1 ! m5's s9k on ! left4 ,:5 "t p]mits1 ! r[s ( t5ts are dit*$1 & a %all[ dit* #h in*es 9 dep? made ar\nd ea* t5t2 & ^! %\ld lead into o!r & deep] dra9s or gutt]s by :i* ! wat] w be conduct$ away f ! t5ts4 ,no refuse1 slops1 or excrem5t %\ld be all[$ to be deposit$ 9 ! tr5*es = dra9age ar\nd t5ts4 ,on arriv+ 9 camp s9ks %\ld be dug at once1 unless ! m>* is to be resum$ on ! foll[+ morn+2 ! s9ks are conceal$ by t5ts or bru% :5 practicable1 & mu/ be cov]$ daily ) fre% e>?4 ,a small s9k %\ld be dug ne> ! kit*5 z a receptacle = all cook+ refuse2 ! old kit*5 s9k %\ld be fill$ up & ! e>? well ramm$ d[n ov] x1 & a new s9k op5$ e two or ?ree days4 ,paul9s are us$ to protect ! guns1 c>riages1 & h>ness1 & also to s]ve z cov] = ! m5 :5 necess>y4 ,! paul9 is #ab feet squ>e1 is provid$ ) d\ble cords at ea* corn] & at ! middle ( ea* side4 ,ea* c>riage has two paul9s1 :i* are c>ri$ on ! limb]-*e/s4 ,= protection ( mat]ial ! paul9s are plac$ ov] ! c>riage z foll[s3 ,tie a corn] ( "o ( ! paul9s ov] ! muzzle1 pull ! canvas ov] ! gun-:eels & tie diagonal corn] to ! flask1 tie a corn] ( ! second paul9 to ! flask1 pull ! canvas ov] ! :eels ( ! limb] & tie ! diagonal corn] to ! pole 9 front ( ! h>ness4 ,! caisson is cov]$ 9 a simil> mann] by its two paul9s4 ,second ,me?od4--,! baggage-wagons may be 9 l9e ) ! pieces1 ! int]val betwe5 ! left baggage-wagon & ne>e/ piece be+ ab\t #ej y>ds2 ! gu>d-t5ts half-way betwe5 ! pieces & ! baggage-wagons1 fac+ to ! re>2 ! =age-pile betwe5 ! gu>d-t5ts & baggage-wagons2 ! m5's kit*5s 9 l9e ) ! ?ird l9e ( caissons1 & cov]+ ! left baggage-wagon2 ! (fic]s' t5ts on a l9e p]p5dicul> to ! m5's t5ts1 fac+ !m1 & on ! prolongation ( "o ( ! baggage-wagons2 ! (fic]s' kit*5 9 re> ( ! (fic]s' t5ts1 & on ! prolongation ( ! "r baggage-wagon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4 ,if ! =ge-fire is to be light$1 a special place is assign$ ! batt]y-wagon & =ge1 suffici5tly remov$ f ! ammunition-*e/s = safety4 ,9 a horse-batt]y two picket-l9es may be us$ in/ead ( "o1 ! second l9e be+ #ae y>ds 9 re> ( ! fir/4 ,,encampm5t ,,( ,a ,,battalion ,,( ,,light ,,artill]y4 ,on approa*+ ! site previ\sly select$ = ! encampm5t ( ! battalion ! adjutant assembles ! guidons1 & conducts !m to ! camp+-gr\nd1 & e/abli%es ea* "o at ! po9t :]e ! lead-team on ! int]ior flank ( 8 batt]y is to re/4 ,aft] all are e/abli%$ he returns to ! column1 & indicates to ea* batt]y comm&] h[ & :]e 8 batt]y %all be p>k$4 ,! guidons are e/abli%$ ) a di/ance betwe5 !m ( #id y>ds 7:5 !re are two l9es ( c>riages ) #f horses ea*1 & ! picket-l9e is 9 re> ( ! p>k71 ! guidon ( ! second batt]y 9 ! column ( m>* t day be+ plac$ at ! head ( ! l9e1 & s on1 ! guidon ( ! lead+ batt]y be+ la/4 ,! t5t ( ! battalion comm&] is at a po9t #fj y>ds f ! l9e ( guidons1 & on a p]p5dicul> l9e pass+ #ag y>ds 9 re> ( ! second guidon1 = an encampm5t ( #b or #c batt]ies2 & 9 a correspond+ position 9 re> ( ! ?ird guidon = an encampm5t ( #d batt]ies4 ,:5 ! capta9 comm&s ,front6 aft] p>k+ 8 batt]y1 ! guidon moves #ge y>ds to ! re> & #cj y>ds to ! flank1 & plants 8 flag4 ,?is po9t e/abli%es ! position ( ! capta9's t5t4 ,! batt]y-(fic]s' t5ts are on a l9e1 at int]vals ( #e y>ds1 fac+ ! int]ior flank1 ! capta9's t5t be+ ne>e/ ! guidon4 ,! (fic]s' mess-t5t1 ( ! batt]ies to ! "r ( ! battalion comm&]1 is #aj y>ds 9 re> ( ! t5t ( ! lieut5ant on ! flank4 ,= batt]ies to ! left ( ! battalion comm&] x is #aj y>ds 9 re> ( ! t5t ( ! capta94 ,(fic]s' kit*5s are five y>ds 9 re> ( mess-t5ts4 ,9 ea* batt]y3 ,! picket-l9e is #ae y>ds 9 re> ( ! l9e ( c>riages4 ,! t5ts = ! enli/$ m5 are #cj y>ds 9 re> ( ! picket-l9e1 t ( ! fir/ s]geant be+ on ! int]ior & ! gu>d-t5t on ! ext]ior flank4 ,! cooks' t5t is next to ! gu>d-t5t1 ! o!r t5ts be+ equally di/ribut$ along ! l9e4 ,! =age is #ae y>ds f ! ext]ior flank1 on ! prolongation ( ! picket-l9e4 ,! s9ks are #ij y>ds f ! =age1 on ! prolongation ( ! picket-l9e4 ,! kit*5s are on ! l9e ( ! t5ts & #cj y>ds f ! gu>d-t5t4 ,! t5ts ( ! battalion comm&] & /aff are arrang$1 at int]vals ( #e y>ds1 on a l9e fac+ ! int]ior flank4 ,! mess-t5t is on ! flank ne>e/ ! front ( ! p>k1 & ! t5ts ( ! adjutant1 qu>t]ma/]1 & surgeon are on ! o!r flank ( ! t5t ( ! battalion comm&]4 ,non-commission$ /aff-(fic]s' & ord]lies' t5ts are on a l9e #ae y>ds 9 re> ( ! /aff-t5ts4 ,! cook-t5t is #e y>ds to ! re> ( ! out] flank ( ! mess-t5t4 ,! /aff-wagons are on a l9e #ae y>ds 9 re> ( ! non-commission$ /aff t5ts1 ! =age-& gu>d-t5ts be+ ne> ei!r flank4 ,(fic]s' s9ks are on a l9e #fj y>ds 9 re> ( ! /aff t5ts4 ,! position ( ! kit*5s may be v>i$1 dep5d+ on ! direction ( ! w9d & lay ( ! gr\nd4 ,if ! camp be e/abli%$ = m ?an a few days1 ! batt]ies w be p>k$ 9 positions correspond+ to ! ones !y occupy at battalion =mation4 ,,biv\acs4 ,! m5 biv\ac at a conv5i5t di/ance 9 re> ( ! p>k1 ea* deta*m5t opposite its section2 ! gu>d is on "o flank & to ! leew>d2 ! cook-fires are ne> ! gu>d4 ,if necess>y1 ! picket-l9e may be /ret*$ ?r\gh ! h9d :eels ( ! c>riages ( ! ?ird l9e1 b :5ev] practicable ! picket-l9e %\ld be /ret*$ along ! gr\nd or betwe5 trees or po/s4 ,a simple %elt] may be =m$ by driv+ two =k$ /icks into ! gr\nd1 ) a pole re/+ 9 ! =ks1 & bran*es laid re/+ on ! pole1 ?ick ends upp]mo/1 at an angle ( #de degrees1 & ! scre5 complet$ ) small] bran*es2 or a %elt] ( canvas or a blanket may be simil>ly made4 ,ea* man %\ld /rew 8 sleep+-place ) dri$ leaves1 etc41 & place ov] x any articles su* z bags1 saddle-clo?s1 etc4 ,a small holl[ %\ld be scrap$ 9 ! gr\nd j :]e ! hip w\ld re/4 ,,t5ts4 ,! ,hospital ,t5t1 complete1 weighs #bae lbs41 & consi/s ( "o t5t1 #ajj lbs42 "o fly1 #cb lbs42 "o set t5t-poles1 #fj lbs42 #ah l>ge & #bh small t5t-p9s1 #bc lbs4 ,its dim5sions are3 l5g? ( ridge1 #ad feet2 height1 #aa feet2 wid?1 #ad feet2 height ( wall1 #d feet4 ,au?oriz$ all[ance1 #a = batt]y sick4 ,! ,conical ,wall-t5t1 complete1 weighs #abh lbs41 & consi/s ( "o t5t1 #gf lbs42 "o t5t-pole & tripod1 #cb lbs42 #dh t5t-p9s1 #bj lbs4 ,its dim5sions are3 height1 #aj feet2 diamet]1 #af feet2 height ( wall1 #c feet4 ,au?oriz$ all[ance1 #a to #bj foot or #ag m\nt$ m54 ,! ,wall-t5t1 complete1 weighs #ig lbs41 & consi/s ( "o t5t1 #dc lbs42 "o fly1 #ae lbs42 "o set ( poles1 #be lbs42 #aj l>ge & #ah small t5t-p9s1 #ad lbs4 ,its dim5sions are3 l5g? ( ridge1 #i feet2 height1 #h feet2 wid?1 #h feet #aa in*es2 height ( wall1 #c feet #i in*es4 ,au?oriz$ all[ance1 #a to capta91 #a to #b subalt]ns4 ,! ,common ,t5t1 complete1 weighs #ea lbs41 & consi/s ( "o t5t1 #bf lbs42 "o set ( poles1 #ae lbs42 #bd p9s1 #aj lbs4 ,its dim5sions are3 l5g? ( ridge1 #f feet #aa in*es2 height1 #f feet #aj in*es2 wid?1 #h feet #d in*es2 height ( wall1 #b feet4 ,au?oriz$ all[ance1 #a to #f foot or #d m\nt$ m54 ,! ,%elt]-t5t 7#b halves7 weighs a little ov] #e lbs41 & ! #h p9s #a lbs42 total1 #f4e lbs4 ,ea* half is #fg in*es by #fe in*es4 ,au?oriz$ all[ance1 #a to ea* (fic]1 #a to #b enli/$ m54 ,! ,hospital ,t5t w accommodate com=tably six pati5ts4 ,x is pit*$ by eight m51 aft] ! mann] describ$ = pit*+ ! wall-t5t4 ,! ,conical ,wall-t5t is provid$ ) a hood1 & w com=tably accommodate t5 m51 & may be made to hold twice t numb]4 ,to pit* ! t5t1 f\r m5 are requir$4 ,no4 #a procures t5t2 ,no4 #d tripod & pole1 :i* he op5s2 ,nos4 #b & #c ea* #bd p9s & a maul1 :i* !y place ne> front & re> ( t5t respectively4 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d unroll ! t5t & spread x out ^u ! gr\nd ne> :]e x is to be pit*$1 top ( t5t at its c5tre4 ,no4 #a drives a p9 to m>k ! door ( ! t5t1 & !n measures ) ! t5t-pole directly backw>d1 & drives a p9 at t end ( ! pole2 ,no4 #d places ! tripod op5$ out flat1 ) r+ ov] ! la/ p9 driv5 7! c5tre p971 & lays ! pole on ! gr\nd1 p9-end at c5tre p94 ,all br+ ! canvas ov] ! tripod until its c5tre comes to ! c5tre p9 & door at ! front p91 :5 ,no4 #b slips ! wall-loop at "o end ( ! door ov] front p91 & fa/5s ! rope ( ! flap to ! same p94 ,nos4 #a & #d1 comm5c+ at re> & front ( t5t respectively1 & work+ to ! "r & left1 scatt] ! p9s & pull out ! guy-ropes4 ,nos4 #b & #c take ea* a maul1 &1 comm5c+ front & re> respectively1 "w "r & left ( ! t5t1 driv+ ! guy-p9s1 plac+ !m ab\t "o y>d f ! edge ( ! t5t1 ea* on a l9e ) a seam4 ,z ! p9s are driv5 ,nos4 #a & #d place ! ends ( ! guy-ropes ov] !m1 work+ on _! respective sides4 ,:5 ! p9s are set1 ,no4 #b crawls "u ! canvas1 slightly raises ! t5t1 & places ! p9 ( ! pole ?r\gh ! plate atta*$ to ! *a9s at ! top ( ! t5t1 &1 rais+ ! pole1 sets x 9 ! r+ ( ! tripod2 ,no4 #c1 hav+ f ! outside plac$ ! hood ov] ! pole-p91 ent]s ! t5t by crawl+ "u1 & assi/s ,no4 #b 9 rais+ ! tripod1 :i* be+ done ,nos4 #a & #d tight5 ! guys2 !y !n scatt] ! wall-p9s4 ,! t5t hav+ be5 secur$1 ,nos4 #b & #c n[ take _! po/s outside & drive ! wall-p9s1 work+ z be=e1 ,no4 #b t[>d ! "r re> & ,no4 #c t[>d ! left front2 ,nos4 #a & #d /raight5 ! t5t & fa/5 ! hood-guys4 ,a ,wall-t5t w accommodate f\r m52 pref]ably ?ree if !re be suffici5t canvas4 ,! rectangle m>k$ by ! p9s = guy-ropes has a front ( #ah feet & a dep? ( #ad feet4 ,x is pit*$ by f\r m54 ,nos4 #a & #b br+ ridge & upright poles1 unfa/5 !m1 & place ridge-poles z direct$ by ! non-commission$ (fic]4 ,!y !n place ! upright poles 9 position on ! gr\nd1 usually on ! side opposite t f :i* ! w9d is bl[+4 ,nos4 #c & #d br+ t5t1 unroll x1 & all n[ op5 canvas & place x 9 position = pit*+2 ,no4 #a work+ 9 re>1 ,no4 #b 9 front1 fix ! ridge-pole & t5t1 tapp+ ) a maul1 if necess>y1 to drive ! uprights home4 ,! fly1 if us$1 is n[ plac$ 9 position ov] t5t1 & ! c5tre loops are secur$ ov] front & re> pole-p9s1 :i* h be5 previ\sly driv5 by ,nos4 #c & #d4 ,all draw bottom ( t5t taut & squ>e1 ! front & re> at "r angles to ! ridge1 & fa/5 x ) p9s ?r\gh ! corn] loops2 !n1 /epp+ outw>d two paces f ! corn] p9s & "o pace to ! front 7or re>71 ea* securely sets a long p91 ov] :i* is pass$ ! ext5d$ corn] guy-rope4 ,! t5t is n[ rais$ & ! poles set 9 position4 ,! o!r p9s are !n driv5 & ! guy-ropes prop]ly secur$4 ,a ,common ,t5t %\ld n be made to hold m ?an ?ree m54 ,x is simil>ly pit*$4 ,9 pit*+ common or wall t5ts c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! door is ti$ up1 & t x is prop]ly squ>$ & p9n$ to ! gr\nd at ! door & f\r corn]s be=e be+ rais$4 ,a ,%elt]-t5t m]ely af=ds cov] = two m54 ,9 assign+ m5 to t5ts be> 9 m9d t ! cr[d+ ( m5 9 t5ts = sleep+ purposes is highly injuri\s to heal?4 ,9 pit*+ ! t5ts di/urb ! gr\nd inside & ar\nd z little z possible4 ,d n all[ absurd notions ( ord] & regul>ity to cause t5ts to be pit*$ 9 holl[s1 :i* are frequ5tly met ) 9 ! be/ sites1 :51 by mov+ ! t5t p]haps a few feet "o way or ano!r1 a good position = x might be f\nd4 ,9 camps ( position1 :5 t5ts are us$1 x is advisable to supply plank+ = ! m5 to lie on1 ^! planks to be remov$ & air$ e f9e day4 ,if bo>ds _c be _h1 use any sort ( t>paul9 or wat]pro( %eet t c be obta9$4 ,if /raw be pl5tiful1 issue en\gh to make good ?ick mats = ! m5 to lie on4 ,!y are easily made & mo/ com=table4 ,!y %\ld be hung up to dry e day4 ,!y %\ld be #c in*es to #d in*es ?ick1 #f feet long1 & ab\t #b feet wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4 ,e morn+1 except :5 x ra9s1 h ! sides ( t5ts roll$ up all ar\nd1 & 9 f9e wea!r /rike t5ts frequ5tly2 x is good practice = ! m52 !y %\ld regul>ly pack !m up z if = a m>*4 ,?is is also advisable z a sanit>y measure1 s t ! gr\nd :]e ! t5t usually /&s c be well dri$ by ! sun4 ,blankets & b$d+ %\ld be frequ5tly air$ & expos$ to ! sun4 ,d n p]mit grass or gre5 leaves to be us$ = b$s 9 t5ts1 b use /raw :5 x c be obta9$4 ,ea* t5t %\ld be ?or\ghly swept out daily1 & at night prop]ly v5tilat$1 ! walls be+ rais$ if ! wea!r p]mits4 ,,to ,,/rike ,a ,,t5t4 ,! m5 take _! po/s & fir/ remove ! wall-p9s & !n all ! guy-p9s on _! respective sides1 except ! f\r corn] p9s ( ! squ>e t5ts1 or ! quadrant-p9s ( ! conical t5ts4 ,/&+ at _! respective po/s1 !y remove ! corn]1 or quadrant1 guys f ! p9s & hold ! t5t until ! signal = /rik+ is giv51 :5 ! t5t is l[]$ to ! side indicat$4 ,! canvas is !n roll$ up & ti$ by ,nos4 #a & #d1 :ile ,nos4 #b & #c fa/5 ! poles1 or tripod & pole1 toge!r1 & collect ! p9s4 ,,heat+ ,,t5ts4 ,! ,sibley /ove1 = conical & wall t5ts1 weigh+ ab\t #ai p\nds1 is issu$ by ! ,q4 ,m4 ,dept41 & is v necess>y 9 cold wea!r4 ,x is easily put up & requires v little fuel4 ,= ord9>y wea!r an (fic] c make himself v com=table by means ( a small oil-/ove1 "o or two wicks4 ,h a box 9 :i* x fits exactly made = transport+ x1 & take along a t9 ( oil4 ,,camp ,,cook+4 ,a field-kit*5 is easily made by digg+ a long tr5* = ! fire1 its wid? n be+ suffici5t = ! kettles1 :i* are plac$ on x1 to drop into x1 & cov]+ up betwe5 !m ) /ones & clay1 t ! fire1 f$ f ! w9dw>d end1 may draw "r ?r\gh4 ,a *imney1 =m$ ) ! sods cut (f ! top ( ! tr5*1 c be built at ! o!r end to increase ! draught4 ,?ree su* tr5*es meet+ "u "o *imney =m a broad-arr[ kit*54 ,! c5tre tr5* is trac$ 9 ! direction f :i* ! w9d is bl[+1 ! o!r two mak+ angles ( #dj to #de degrees ) x4 ,! wid? ( ! tr5*es is #i in*es1 r$uc$ to #f in*es :5 !y pass "u ! base ( ! *imney1 & wid5$ at _! m\?s to produce a draught4 ,! dep? is "o foot at ! base ( *imney & #ad in*es at ! o!r end1 or "o foot ?r\gh\t if ! gr\nd falls at ! m\? ( ! tr5*4 ,a field-kit*5 is easily made ( two logs roll$ ne>ly toge!r 9 ! direction ( ! w9d1 & ! fire k9dl$ betwe5 !m4 ,! ,buzzacott field-ov5 is excell5t1 z is also ! ord9>y ,dut* ov54 ,!y are furni%$ on requisition by ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s ,dep>tm5t4 ,to ,make ,field-ov5s4--,take any b>rel 7! m iron hoops on x ! bett]71 ! head be+ out2 lay x on its side1 hav+ scrap$ away ! gr\nd a little 9 ! c5tre to make a b$ = x2 or if !re is a bank ne> excavate a place = x1 tak+ c>e t ! front end ( ! b>rel is at lea/ #f in*es back f ! foot ( ! bank4 ,cov] x ) a coat+ ( ab\t #f or #h in*es ( wet e>? or ?ick mud1 except at ! op5 end1 :i* is to be ! m\? ( ! ov54 ,pile up "s s& or e>? to ! ?ickness ( ab\t #f in*es ov] ! mud1 arrang+ = an op5+ #c in*es 9 diamet] be+ left z a flue 7to increase ! draught7 to lead f ! upp] side ( ! b>rel1 at ! f> end1 ?r\gh ! mud & e>?4 ,?is flue is only left op5 :5 ! fire = heat+ is burn+2 :5 bread is put 91 x %\ld be cov]$ ov]4 ,=m an ev5 surface ( well-knead$ mud at ! bottom )9 ! b>rel to =m a floor+ to place ! bread on4 ,light a fire )9 ! b>rel & keep x up until ! /aves are burnt1 & ! ov5 is !n complet$4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 heat x z if x 7 an ord9>y ov52 draw out a%es2 put 9 bread1 & close ! m\? ) pieces ( bo>d1 t91 or iron4 ,! ,subsi/5ce ,dep>tm5t issues an excell5t pamphlet on army cook+4 ,,dr9k+-,,wat]4 ,! wat] %\ld be well te/$1 & p]sons liv+ ne> by que/ion$ ab\t x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,filt]s4--,two b>rels 7,fig4 #hj71 "o inside ! o!r1 hav+ a space ( f #d to #f in*es cle> all r\nd betwe5 !m fill$ ) lay]s ( gravel1 s&1 & *>coal1 =m an excell5t filt]4 ,! inside "o1 )\t a bottom1 re/s on ?ree /ones plac$ 9 lay]s ( s&1 *>coal1 & co>se gravel4 ,! wat] fl[s into ! space betwe5 ! b>rels & =ces its way ?r\gh ! gravel1 *>coal1 & s& into ! inn] b>rel4 ,or !y may be plac$ z 9 ,fig4 #ha & connect$ by a pipe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4 ,if ! wat] is f a small spr+ gu%+ up out ( ! e>?1 p]=ate ! bottom ( ! out] b>rel ) a numb] ( holes1 & leave ! bottom to ! inn] b>rel1 :i* %\ld be pi]c$ ) holes r\nd its sides ne> ! top4 ,9 bo? ^! filt]s draw (f ! wat] by a pipe runn+ ?r\gh ! out] into ! inn] b>rel4 ,all[ eight p9ts p] man 9 hot & six 9 temp]ate climates = cook+ & dr9k+1 & a simil> am\nt = wa%+4 ,9 /ation>y camps all[ #e gallons p] man = all purposes4 ,,log ,,huts4 ,good huts to la/ = ye>s are quickly made ( logs plac$ "o ov] ! o!r1 be+ not*$ half _! respective ?icknesses at ! angles s z to fit "o into ! o!r4 ,moss is driv5 into ! int]/ices4 ,a ro( is put on ( split logs1 g\g$ out 9 ! c5tre1 s t ea* is l a long curv$ gutt]4 ,a lay] ( ^! is plac$ side by side1 ) ! holl[ side upp]mo/1 "o end re/+ on ! ridge-pole1 ! o!r on ! walls4 ,a second lay] is put ov] !m ) ! holl[ side d[n4 ,a l>ge split log1 well holl[$ out1 is us$ z a ridge-piece4 ,c[dung mix$ ) wat] & well pla/]$ ov] mud walls or floors r5d]s !m h>d1 t\gh1 & less subject to injury f wea!r4 ,a ?9 coat+ ( ?is appli$ e day to ! e>!n floors ( huts adds mu* to ! appe>ance ( cleanl9ess4 ,9 plann+ huts give suffici5t wid? = two r[s ( b$s & a passage d[n ! c5tre4 ,a wid? ( at lea/ #f feet %\ld be all[$ = ea* r[ ( b$s1 & ! passage may be f #b to #d feet wide4 ,,break+ ,,camp4 ,ord9>ily camp %\ld n be brok5 be=e daybreak1 z horses re/ bett] f midnight until dawn ?an at any o!r h\r4 ,ample "t %\ld be left aft] a seasonable reveille = ! m5 to breakfa/1 horses f$ & ! wagons to be pack$4 ,d n p]mit pack+1 pull+ t5t-pegs1 or any noise be=e reveille4 ,m5 %\ld be p]mitt$ to re/ until ! la/ mom5t4 ,imm$iately aft] reveille h driv]s & su* o!r m5 z may be requir$ fe$ & groom "u sup]vision ( ! batt]y (fic]4 ,! groom+ %\ld consi/ 9 m]ely rubb+ (f ! horses1 & see+ t %\ld]s1 backs1 & p>ts "u h>ness are 9 good condition & p]fectly free f dirt4 ,x is a mi/ake to groom too mu* 9 ! field4 ,x is di/a/eful to m51 & does n improve ! horses4 ,! o!r m5 %\ld pack up1 remove t5t-pegs1 & fold t5ts4 ,!n breakfa/4 ,aft] breakfa/ let ! m5 complete _! pack+ & att5d to p]sonal requirem5ts4 ,or t5ts may be left /&+ until aft] breakfa/1 dep5d+ on wea!r or o!r conditions4 ,driv]s wat] & h>ness2 cannone]s pack wagons & fill 9 s9ks4 ,"p ( ! cannone]s %\ld be detail$ to assi/ ! driv]s if requir$4 ,9 pack+ ! wagons x is well to h "o or two m5 9 ! wagon :o und]/& ! "w4 ,articles lea/ requir$ %\ld be pack$ fir/4 ,^? requir$ by ! cooks %\ld be pack$ s t !y c be easily gott5 at imm$iately on rea*+ camp4 ,:5 ! camp has be5 cle>$1 an (fic] %\ld ride ov] x c>efully1 & see t all t5t-p9s h be5 remov$ & no articles =gott54 ,signals = ! p]=mance ( ! v>i\s duties %\ld be s\nd$ by ! trumpet] at prescrib$ h\rs4 ,,wagons4 ,on field m>*es two six-mule teams w readily c>ry ! baggage & t5 days' rations ( a batt]y 7enli/$ /r5g? z n[ au?oriz$1 viz41 #ge74 ,if gra9 is to be transport$1 two m six-mule teams w be requir$4 ,battalion comm&] & /aff1 "o f\r-mule team4 ,m$ical dep>tm5t1 "o ambulance & possibly "o f\r-mule team4 ,a good six-mule team 9 ! be/ "p ( ! season w haul a load ( #djjj p\nds1 m>*+ ) troops4 ,x w haul #adjj %ort rations ( provisions--bread1 c(fee1 sug>1 salt1 & soap--& eight days' rations ( =age = ! six mules4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,pack+ ,,wagons4 ,! res]ve rations %\ld be plac$ 9 fir/1 z !y are n requir$ to be tak5 out unless specially ord]$4 ,!n %\ld come ! tools & any heavy packages1 & on top ! m5's & (fic]s' baggage4 ,! blankets %\ld be roll$ up toge!r by t5t-loads or section-bundles4 ,all grease1 oil1 & dubb+ %\ld be slung "u ! wagons4 ,! pack+ ( ! supply-wagons dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! supplies4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t bags conta9+ gra9 or biscuits are prop]ly secur$1 & t1 if fre% meat is c>ri$1 x is n expos$ to ! sun on ! m>*4 ,t5ts are kept 9 sep>ate wagons if possible1 9 ord] t !y may be left beh9d :5 ord]$ )\t dis>rang+ ! o!r /ores4 ,9 pack+ tools c>e mu/ be tak5 to prev5t _! rattl+ on ! m>*4 ,! foll[+ in=mation obta9$ f ord]s ( ,army ,comm&]s dur+ ! ,civil ,w> may prove useful3 ,g5]al ,mc,clellan1 ,augu/ #aj1 #ahfb1 all[$ ?ree wagons to ea* batt]y1 & !y c>ri$ no?+ b =age = teams1 cook+ ut5sils = ! m51 hospital /ores1 small rations1 & (fic]s' baggage4 ,at lea/ "o half ( ! wagons c>ri$ gra94 ,capta9s & lieut5ants 7 all[$ a %elt]-t5t ea*1 & to e two enli/$ m5 a %elt]-t5t4 ,m5 c>ri$ no baggage except blankets & %elt]-t5ts1 & (fic]s' baggage 0 limit$ to blankets1 a small valise or c>pet-bag1 & a reasonable mess-kit4 ,g5]al ,rosecrans1 ,novemb] #bj1 #ahfb1 all[$ ea* batt]y z _m wagons z !re 7 guns 9 a batt]y4 ,g5]al ,%]man :ile m>*+ f ,atlanta to ,savannah all[$ ea* batt]y "o wagon4 ,g5]al ,grant1 ,febru>y #bc1 #ahfe1 = ea* batt]y3 = p]sonal baggage1 mess-*e/s1 cook+ ut5sils1 desks1 pap]s1 etc41 "o wagon2 two wall-t5ts = (fic]s2 %elt]-t5ts1 "o = e two enli/$ m54 ,! all[ance ( =age 03 horses1 #f lbs4 hay1 #ad lbs4 gra92 mules1 #f lbs4 hay1 #ab lbs4 gra94 ,on a m>* ! gra9 ration 0 #aj lbs4 ,! foll[+ extract gives ! m9imum all[ance ) :i* ! comm&s 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,miss\ri 7 equipp$ & suppli$ 9 #ahhe = #bj days' field s]vice3 ,transportation = field-& /aff-(fic]s' baggage & supplies1 m$ical supplies1 eng9e] & signal equipm5ts & appliances to be accord+ to /r5g? ( comm& or nature & importance ( s]vice4 ,to a battalion ( two companies1 #a f\r-mule ambulance4 ,! all[ance ( transportation p] company is z foll[s3 ,to "o troop ( cavalry1 ) an av]age field /r5g? ( #b (fic]s1 #ej m51 #c team/]s1 & #b pack]s1 #c six-mule teams1 #aj pack-& #b rid+-mules4 ,to "o company ( infantry ) an av]age field /r5g? ( #b (fic]s1 #dj m51 #a team/]1 & #b pack]s1 #a six-mule team1 #h pack-& #b rid+-animals4 ,includ$ 9 above all[ance is3 #a pack-mule p] company = (fic]s' supplies1 & #a pack-mule p] company or p] "o hundr$ m5 = m$ical supplies4 ,supplies to be c>ri$ 9 wagons p] company are #bj days' field rations p] man 7#ee & #dc ) companies74 #ajj r\nds ( ammunition p] soldi] 7#ej cavalry & #dj infantry74 #bej lbs4 (fic]s' baggage & supplies4 #a wall & #a common t5t4 #aj days' gra9 7#f lbs4 p] day p] animal74 ,ut5sils = ea* company mess n to exce$ #acj lbs4 = cavalry & #ajj lbs4 = infantry4 ,horse%oes1 nails1 tools1 & m$ic9e = cavalry-horses n to exce$ #aej lbs4 ,to ea* soldi] or civilian employ1 #b blankets & #a extra suit ( und]g>m5ts1 compactly roll$ 9 "o piece ( %elt]-t5t4 ,:5ev] ! am\nt ( rations or gra9 v>ies f ! above1 ! weight to be c>ri$ p] wagon may be increas$ or dim9i%$1 b %\ld nev] exce$ #djjj lbs41 & if possible %\ld be less ?an #cejj lbs41 p] wagon4 ,:5 obta9able on l9e ( m>*1 full =age w be all[$ all animals1 ! co/ to be regulat$ by ! contract rates at ! ne>e/ milit>y po/4 ,to be c>ri$ on ! p]son or horse3 #a ov]coat1 #a piece ( %elt]-t5t1 #ej r\nds rifle or c>b9e & #bd r\nds ( revolv] ammunition4 ,supplies to be c>ri$ on pack-mules = "o company w be3 #aj days' field rations 7?ree-t5?s bacon7 p] man 7#ee & #dc ) companies72 #ajj r\nds ( ammunition p] soldi]4 ,! ut5sils = ea* company mu/ n exce$ #ge lbs4 = ! cavalry & #ej lbs4 = ! infantry4 ,! weight p] load p] ap>ejo mu/ nev] exce$ #bej lbs41 & %\ld1 if possible1 be less ?an #bjj lbs4 ,:5 m>*+ ) pack-tra91 to be c>ri$ on p]son or horse3 #a blanket1 #a piece %elt]-t5t1 #ej r\nds ( rifle or c>b9e ammunition1 & #bd r\nds ( revolv] ammunition4 ,on leav+ a milit>y po/ :5 s]vice is anticipat$ :]e x is impossible to use wagons1 ! loads = pack-tra9s1 z a rule1 w consi/ ( only gra9 suffici5t to keep ! mules 9 full /r5g? until requir$ to make =c$ m>*es4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,transportation4 ,by ,rail4 ,by ,sea4 ,emb>kation4 ,c>e ( ,animals4 ,food = ,animals4 ,diseases ( ,animals on ,%ipbo>d4 ,disemb>kation4 ,,transportation ,,( ,,artill]y4 ,,to ,,emb>k ,,& ,,disemb>k ,,artill]y ,,& ,,artill]y ,,/ores--,,g5]al ,,rules4 ,:5 artill]y & its /ores are to be %ipp$ = an exp$ition1 prep>e fir/ a li/ ( all ! articles1 /at+ _! numb]1 weight ( ea*1 & ! total weight ( ea* k9d4 ,furni% ! qu>t]ma/] ) an exact return ( ! comm&1 %[+ numb] ( (fic]s1 enli/$ m51 & animals & weight ( baggage2 also a copy ( ! ord] direct+ ! movem5t4 ,9 e/imat+ ! weights all[ d\ble = t ( bulky articles :i* occupy mu* space )\t weigh+ mu*4 ,divide ! total quantity to be transport$ among ! vessels1 & make /atem5ts 9 duplicate ( ! articles on bo>d ea* vessel1 "o ( :i* li/s %\ld g ) ! vessel & ! o!r ) ! (fic] %ipp+ ! /ores4 ,! articles mu/ be divid$ among ! vessels accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! case2 b z a g5]al rule ev]y?+ necess>y = ! s]vice requir$ at ! mom5t ( disemb>kation %\ld be plac$ 9 ea* vessel1 s t !re w be no inconv5i5ce %\ld o!r vessels be delay$4 ,if a p>ticul> k9d ( a gun is necess>y = any op]ation1 d n place all ( "o k9d 9 "o vessel1 to avoid be+ depriv$ ( !m by any accid5t to x4 ,! pieces & caissons are br\ght to ! :>f or %ore & unlimb]$1 & ! *e/s & :eels tak5 (f2 ea* set ( implem5ts is /rapp$ toge!r1 ! wa%]s & l9*-p9s be+ put 9 a box2 ! h>ness is ti$ & labell$ 9 sets2 if ! voyage is to be %ort1 ! h>ness = ea* horse may be ti$ up 9 its blanket4 ,! batt]y-wagon & =ge is unlimb]$1 & ! limb]-*e/ tak5 (f1 z well z ! sp>e p>ts outside ( ! wagon4 ,all ! *e/s are di/9ctly m>k$1 s t x c imm$iately be se5 :]e !y belong4 ,! pieces are fir/ l[]$ to _! places betwe5-decks1 ! place = dism\nt+ !m dep5d+ ^u ! mann] ( emb>k+2 !n ! c>riages1 limb]s1 implem5ts1 & :eels2 ! h>ness is plac$ 7reg>d be+ _h to its pres]vation7 :]e x may be ( easy access4 ,! box ( wa%]s & l9*-p9s is "u ! special *>ge ( a non-commission$ (fic]4 ,! batt]y-wagon & =ge1 ) its limb] & limb]-*e/1 is /[$ sep>ate f ! batt]y1 b :]e x w be accessible4 ,sponges1 ramm]s1 & intr5*+-tools %\ld be unit$ 9 bundles or boxes4 ,! cont5ts ( ea* box1 b>rel1 or bundle %\ld be di/9ctly m>k$ ^u x4 ,! boxes %\ld be made small s t !y c be easily h&l$4 ,! position ( ! diff]5t articles 9 ea* vessel is not$ 9 a column 9 ! li/ on bo>d4 ,place ! heavie/ articles bel[1 beg9n+ ) ! guns1 !n ! c>riages1 limb]s1 ammunition-boxes1 etc4 ,boxes ( ammunition %\ld be 9 ! drie/ & lea/ expos$ "p ( ! vessel4 ,articles requir$ to be disemb>k$ fir/ %\ld be put 9 la/1 or s plac$ t !y c be easily got at4 ,if ! disemb>kation is to be p]=m$ 9 front ( ! enemy1 "s ( ! pieces %\ld be s plac$ t !y c be disemb>k$ imm$iately ) _! c>riages1 implem5ts1 & ammunition2 also ! tools & mat]ials = ?r[+ up tempor>y intr5*m5ts on l&+4 ,:5 !re are sev]al vessels lad5 ) artill]y & /ores = ! exp$ition1 ea* vessel %\ld h on ea* qu>t] & on a s+le ma/head a numb] t c be easily di/+ui%$ at a di/ance4 ,! same numb] %\ld be ent]$ on ! li/ ( supplies %ipp$ 9 ea* vessel4 ,! comm&] c !n "k exactly :at res\rces he has ) him4 ,"s vessels1 di/+ui%$ by p>ticul> signal1 %\ld be lad5 solely ) su* p[d] & ammunition z may n be requir$ = imm$iate s]vice ( ! pieces4 ,if x is necess>y to re%ip or leave any articles on bo>d ! vessels1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to note !m on ! li/4 ,boats ( prop] capacity mu/ be provid$ = ! disemb>kation1 accord+ to ! circum/ances 9 ea* case4 ,x may be necess>y to e/abli% tempor>y :>ves on tre/les1 or to erect %e>s1 cranes1 or d]ricks4 ,,railroad ,,transportation4 ,! mo/ suitable c> = c>ry+ horses1 especially 9 w>m wea!r1 is ! slat /ock-c>1 built ( slats & op5 all ar\nd1 b tight 9 ro(4 ,ano!r k9d1 kn[n z ! comb9ation c>1 is made ) five doors on ea* side & "o at ea* end1 :i* may be clos$ tight = /ores1 or ) iron grates :5 c>ry+ horses4 ,^! are suitable = ei!r w>m or cold wea!r4 ,bo? k9ds are usually f #bh to #cj feet long1 #g feet #i in*es wide1 & #f feet #h in*es high1 inside measurem5t4 ,ea* c> w c>ry #af artill]y or #ah common horses or mules4 ,be c>eful to h floors s&$ to keep horses f slipp+ d[n4 ,load+ c>s ) horses at night %\ld be avoid$4 ,! batt]y %\ld be drawn up 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t position = load+2 & dur+ ! op]ation ( load+ quiet & ord] mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,dism\nt2 let ! m5 fall out ( ranks if necess>y & !n re=m1 & h p]sonal equipm5t1 etc41 plac$ on ! gr\nd2 unhit*2 unh>ness & tell (f ! horses to ! c>s1 cannone]s assi/+ driv]s4 ,/ation a non-commission$ (fic] & "o private at ! door2 ! =m] to sup]9t5d ! "w & ! latt] to c\nt 9 a l\d tone ! horses z !y ent]4 ,two m privates %\ld be pres5t to assi/ 9 putt+ horses 9 position1 etc4 ,aft] horses are load$ all assi/ 9 load+ ! mat]ial4 ,! batt]y is !n re=m$1 retake equipm5ts1 etc41 & ! m5 are told (f to c>s4 ,! horses %\ld be driv5 or l$ 91 foll[+ "o ano!r z closely z possible1 b %\ld n be ti$4 ,!y %\ld be alt]nately l$ to ei!r end s z to fill up ! middle ( ! c> la/1 & %\ld /& alt]nately head & tail4 ,if ! j\rney is to be cont9u$ beyond #ah or #bj h\rs1 ! horses w require to be wat]$ & f$4 ,nose-bags are g5]ally us$ = ! gra94 ,if ! driv]s are att5tive1 !y1 by tak+ advantage ( ! %ort halts made by ! tra91 c fe$ gra9 & hay q easily by h&4 ,half-rations w be suffici5t "u any circum/ances4 ,be=e plac+ ! horses on ! c>s !y %\ld be ?or\ghly groom$ & cool$2 !y %\ld h no?+ m on !m ?an _! halt] head-/alls4 ,!y %\ld be f$ be=e be+ load$1 z x t5ds to keep !m quiet4 ,if ! j\rney is to cont9ue = m ?an #cf h\rs1 ! horses %\ld be unload$ e #bd h\rs1 & %\ld be wat]$1 f$1 groom$1 & ex]cis$ be=e be+ load$ on ! c>s aga94 ,if !re are /ocky>ds ne> by1 ! horses %\ld be turn$ loose 9 !m = ex]cise4 ,on long j\rneys1 run all night & until ab\t #aj ,a4,m41 !n unload at a conv5i5t place1 & wat]1 fe$1 & groom2 give ! horses g5tle ex]cise1 & wat] & fe$ aga9 s t ! horses c be reload$ ab\t #d or #e ,p4,m4 to resume ! j\rney4 ,horses are be/ load$ & unload$ f a /ock-*ute1 b :]e ?is conv5i5ce is n available & !re is no plat=m a ramp or *ute may be improvis$1 us+ = x planks ab\t #ab feet long & f #b to #c in*es ?ick1 dep5d+ on ! /r5g? ( ! wood4 ,a ramp %\ld be ab\t #d feet wide1 ) ! planks firmly fa/5$ toge!r ) transv]se batt5s4 ,^! batt5s fur!rmore prev5t ! horses f slipp+4 ,a /rong tre/le or crib ( logs supports ! end ( ! ramp next ! c>1 :ile ! o!r re/s on ! gr\nd & is secur$ f slipp+ by /rong /akes4 ,an int]m$iate tre/le or a support ( logs %\ld be plac$ to prev5t ! planks f spr++ ) ! weight ( ! horses4 ,?ree or f\r po/s ( suitable height are set 9 ! gr\nd on ea* side1 to :i* side-rails are la%$ or spik$ = ! purpose ( keep+ ! horses f /epp+ (f4 ,a bo>d %\ld be plac$ on ea* side to prev5t ! horses' feet f slipp+ ov] ! edges ( ! plank4 ,:5 planks are n procurable1 a ramp ( e>?1 support$ by means ( logs or /ones on ! end next ! track1 may be con/ruct$4 ,! c>s are br\ght up 9 succession to ! ramp to be load$ or unload$4 ,9 ! field1 :]e no *ute or ramp is to be f\nd at ! place ( unload+1 mat]ial ready prep>$ = con/ruct+ "o %\ld be c>ri$ ) ! tra94 ,aft] load+ ! horses enclose ! h>ness 9 sacks1 ea* m>k$ ) ! designation ( ! horse1 team1 & c>riage to :i* x belongs4 ,artill]y-c>riages are c>ri$ on plat=m or flat c>s4 ,^! c>s are g5]ally f #bh to #cb feet long by #h feet wide4 ,:5 prop]ly load$1 c>s ( #cj feet w c>ry two field-guns & two caissons complete4 ,to load !m1 ! c>riages are unlimb]$ & ! sp>e :eels remov$ f ! caisson2 ! body ( a caisson1 its /ock to ! re>1 is run to ! front end ( ! c> & its /ock re/$ on ! floor2 ano!r re> tra9 is run =w>d 9 l mann] until its :eels /rike or ov]lap ^? ( ! fir/1 :5 its /ock is re/$ on ! floor4 ,a limb] is !n plac$ on ! c> ) its pole to ! front1 re/+ on ! re> tra92 ! second limb] is back$ on & its pole held up until a gun1 trail =emo/1 is run "u x2 ! trail ( ! gun is re/$ on ! floor & ! pole ( ! limb] on ! gun-c>riage4 ,! o!r gun is run on 9 ! same mann]1 & its trail re/$ on ! floor "u ! fir/ gun2 a limb] is next run on & its pole re/$ on ! la/ gun2 ! rema9+ limb] is run on ) its pole "u ! prec$+ limb]4 ,all ( ! c>riages are pu%$ toge!r z closely z possible & firmly la%$ to ea* o!r & to ! sides ( ! c>2 ! :eels are *ock$ by pieces ( wood nail$ to ! floor4 ,:5 ! c>riages are liable to *afe ea* o!r1 !y are b\nd ) gunny-sack+ or o!r /uff4 ,a side-plat=m1 su* z is f\nd 9 depots1 is ! be/ = load+4 ,! c>riages are fir/ run on to a sp>e c>2 f ?is !y are cross$ ov] on planks to ! "o ^u :i* !y are to be c>ri$1 & arrang$ on x z already describ$4 ,:5 !re is no side-plat=m1 ! c>riages are run up at ! end ( ! c> by means ( way-planks4 ,tw5ty-f\r ?\s& p\nds is consid]$ a safe load = "o c> on a good track4 ,baggage1 h>ness1 =age1 etc41 are usually c>ri$ 9 box-c>s4 ,^! c>s h ! same dim5sions z h]et(ore giv5 = ^? c>ry+ horses4 ,! pass5g]-c> ( av]age size w seat #fj m51 b a small c> w seat only #ej4 ,all[ance mu/ be made = m5's equipm5ts1 & if ! j\rney is ( any di/ance ea* man %\ld h a full seat4 ,!n by arrang+ ! seats ! m5 c ext5d !mselves = re/+ or sleep+4 ,! m5 mu/ be provid$ ) cook$ rations = ! :ole trip4 ,ea* c> mu/ be lib]ally suppli$ ) dr9k+-wat]1 lights at night1 & all o!r conv5i5ces1 to make x unnecess>y = ! m5 to leave !m dur+ /oppages ( ! tra94 ,! t\ri/ sleep] c>ries #dh m54 ,x is provid$ ) bunks 7& "s c>s ) cook+-/oves7 & %\ld be us$ = long j\rneys :5 obta9able4 ,gu>ds %\ld be detail$ & s /ation$ on ! tra9 to pres]ve ord] bo? :5 9 motion & dur+ /oppages4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! ord9>y artill]y-tra9 w be3 #a4 ,c>s ) mat]ial necess>y = disemb>k+4 #b4 ,horse-c>s4 #c4 ,baggage-c>s1 load$ ) =age1 h>ness1 etc4 #d4 ,c>s = mat]ial4 #e4 ,c>s = (fic]s & m54 ,! size ( ! tra9 w v>y1 dep5d+ on grade1 curvature1 & spe$4 ,,transportation ,,( ,,artill]y-,,horses ,,by ,,sea4 ,transports = horses %\ld be especially prep>$ = ! purpose2 z a rule1 ! l>g] ! vessel ! bett] is %e adapt$ = ! conveyance ( horses4 ,v5tilation is ( prim>y importance1 ! safety & condition ( ! horses ma9ly dep5d+ ^u _! hav+ pl5ty ( fre% air2 l>ge air-ports or scuttles are indisp5sable1 & w9d-sails d[n e hat* to ea* deck %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,if "t p]mits1 fix$ air-%afts %\ld be provid$ = ea* deck4 ,! v5tilation ( /eam]s may be assi/$ by us+ ! donkey-eng9es = ?is purpose4 ,! /alls are pref]ably betwe5-decks1 nev]1 if x c be avoid$1 9 ! hold2 %\ld horses be put on ! sp>-deck1 no?+ w be /[$ on ! /all-%$s4 ,/alls %\ld be ab\t #f feet long1 #bh in*es wide2 tail-bo>ds fa/5$ to ! re> po/s1 & padd$ z l[ z ! hock2 brea/-bo>ds & side-bo>ds fitt$ 9 grooves ab\t #d feet f ! floor1 ! fir/ padd$ on ! inn] side & upp] edge1 ! latt] on bo? sides2 ! floors ( ! /alls set on blocks t ! wat] may pass "u !m2 f\r slats across ea* floor to give ! horses foo?old4 ,tr\ghs %\ld be made to hang ) hooks1 s z to be easily remov$4 ,be=e emb>kation ! side-bo>ds are remov$1 & replac$ z ea* horse is plac$ 9 8 /all4 ,horses1 9 all cases1 %\ld /& a?w>t-%ip2 9 ?is position !y bett] accommodate !mselves to ! motion ( ! vessel4 ,:5 on ! upp] deck1 !y %\ld face inw>d2 ?is = ! reason t ! spray w n /rike !m 9 _! faces1 &1 besides1 :5 fac+ ea* o!r 9 ?is mann] !y w suff] less f fright & n]v\s excitem5t4 ,all /alls1 hit*+-b>s1 or :atev] o!r arrangem5t = secur+ horses1 mu/ be /rong beyond any possibility ( giv+ way4 ,! liv+ =ce ex]t$ by a r[ ( horses1 z !y sw+ ) ! motion ( a %ip 9 a heavy sea1 is v great1 & x is bett] to h no secur+ arrangem5ts :atev] ?an to h ^? t1 by giv+ way1 w w\nd & injure ! animals 9 ! wreck4 ,if ! transport is to be us$ 9 v inclem5t wea!r1 ! sp>-deck1 ov] ! horses1 %\ld be cov]$4 ,canvas /ret*$ ov] a secure frame is bett] ?an bo>ds1 z ! latt] 9 a sev]e /orm might be c>ri$ away1 & its wreck w\ld cause disa/] among ! horses4 ,dur+ heavy wea!r horses sometimes become exhau/$ & fall4 ,! be/ ?+ t c be done 9 su* cases is to back out ! horse on ea* side1 s z to give ! fall5 horse pl5ty ( room4 ,! fall5 horse %\ld be protect$ f ra9 & spray by a paul91 & great c>e & t5d]ness ex]cis$ t[>d him2 o!rwise he is v liable to p]i%4 ,! horses may be f$ f nose-bags1 b x is bett] to h = ea* "o a small tr\gh1 susp5d$ to ! hit*+-b> by means ( two iron hooks pass+ ov] ! b>4 ,! tr\ghs are mov$ out ( ! way :5 n 9 use4 ,hay c be f$ by ty+ x up tightly 9 bundles ) rope-y>n & fa/5+ ! bundles to ! hit*+-b>4 ,x may also be f$ 9 small quantities by h&1 & ! m att5tion ! horses receive 9 ?is way f ! m5 ! less fretful & uneasy !y become4 ,:5 ! emb>kation takes place f a :>f1 & ! vessel is n too high1 x is be/ to use gang-planks & lead ! horses on bo>d4 ,! gang-plank lead+ up f ! :>f to ! gunwale %\ld be ab\t #bj feet long by #aj wide1 & be made v /rong4 ,?is wid? admits ( its be+ us$ = gun-c>riages4 ,x %\ld be provid$ ) ropes at ! corn]s1 roll]s1 side-rails1 & bo>ds ^u ! sides to prev5t ! horses f gett+ _! feet ov] ! edges4 ,ano!r simil> gang-plank1 b n s long1 leads f ! gunwale to ! deck1 ! two be+ securely fa/5$ toge!r by _! ropes4 ,^! gang-planks %\ld be c>ri$ by ! vessel1 ready = disemb>k+4 ,e provision = ?is latt] op]ation %\ld be ?or\ghly look$ aft] be=e />t+ on ! voyage4 ,:5 x is n practicable to use gang-planks1 ! horses are hoi/$ on bo>d by means ( a sl+ & lift+-tackle4 ,horses %\ld be kept )\t food & )\t wat] = sev]al h\rs be=e be+ put on bo>d1 z !y are liable to be injur$ if slung ) full bellies2 !y w also become soon] reconcil$ to _! new qu>t]s1 & take quick] to _! fe$ on bo>d1 :5 ^! measures h be5 adopt$4 ,sl+4--,?is is made ( /\t web1 or d\ble ,no4 #a canvas4 ,x is #e feet long & #b feet wide1 secur$ at ea* end by a /ick ( /rong wood #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! sides are b\nd ) /rips ( canvas d\bl$1 ?us mak+ ! edges f\r ?icknesses4 ,loops ( #d-;in* rope are atta*$ to ea* /ick4 ,! loop atta*$ to "o /ick is #i in*es long2 t atta*$ to ! o!r is #b feet #aa in*es1 & has an iron eye1 #c in*es inside measurem5t1 fix$ 9 ! end4 ,brea/-& bree*-ropes 7#b-;in*71 #i feet long1 are fix$ to ea* side1 & are ti$ toge!r :5 ! sl+ has be5 put "u ! horse4 ,! sl+s %\ld be te/$ by an excess ( weight4 ,a donkey-eng9e is us$ = hoi/+4 ,five m5 are requir$ to sl+ a horse quickly & well4 ,"o man holds ! head-guy1 :i* is atta*$ to a neck-coll>2 two m51 "o on ea* side ( ! horse1 pass ! sl+ "u 8 belly2 bo? !n hold up ! ends ov] 8 back1 pass+ ! long loop ?r\gh ! %ort] "o & hook+ on ! eye ( ! =m] to ! lift+-tackle1 cont9u+ to hold up ! sl+ until ! horse's legs leave ! gr\nd2 ano!r man /&s at ! brea/ & fa/5s ! brea/-rope1 :ile ! fif? /&s at 8 rump & fa/5s ! bree*-rope4 ,! (fic] sup]9t5d+ comm&s3 ,hoi/ away6 ,! fir/ man slacks away at ! guy-rope1 hold+ x j suffici5tly taut to keep ! horse's head /eady4 ,:5 hoi/+1 no delay %\ld be p]mitt$2 x %\ld be done 9 ! %orte/ "t compatible ) safety4 ,at ! comm5cem5t1 aft] a c]ta9ty t all is "r1 x %\ld be done rapidly1 to raise ! horse & free him f surr\nd+ objects be=e he has "t to d any injury by kick+4 ,aft] atta9+ ! necess>y height1 he is c>efully & /eadily l[]$ to ! deck4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to h two or ?ree c>eful1 active m5 /ation$ to seize ! horse & prev5t 8 plung+ until ! sl+s are remov$4 ,:ile "o holds him by ! head-/all ano!r rapidly unhooks ! tackle-pur*ase1 & two o!rs let loose ! bree*-& brea/-b&s or ropes4 ,:5 ! horses are to be l[]$ ?r\gh a hat* to a deck bel[1 ! comb+s ( ! hat* z well z /an*ions ab\t x %\ld be well padd$4 ,z an additional precaution1 a head-coll> %\ld be provid$1 ) a l>ge pad on top1 to prev5t injury %\ld ! horse /rike 8 head aga9/ ! deck-beams :5 light+ on 8 feet4 ,to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( horse-/alls t c be con/ruct$ on any deck1 fir/ m>k (f a space ( ?ree feet all ar\nd ! %ip's side = a passage to be kept cle> beh9d ! /alls1 & a simil> wid? alongside all hat*ways or o!r ob/ructions2 !n divide ! runn+ l5g? ( ! space left by #bh in*es2 ?is w give ! numb] ( /alls 9 ea* r[4 ,:5 ! cle> wid? ( beam betwe5 ! inn] sides ( any deck is #cf feet or m1 ?ree r[s ( /alls may be con/ruct$1 ! passage betwe5 ! r[s :]e ! horses are to /& head to head be+ n less ?an #f feet1 & betwe5 ^? t /& tail to tail n less ?an #ed in*es4 ,horses %\ld n be plac$ ne> boil]s1 etc41 z ! heat is liable to make !m sick4 ,!re mu/ be t5 p] c5t ( sp>e /alls1 & !re mu/ also be at lea/ "o loose box1 con/ruct$ ne> a hat*way1 to admit ( a sick horse ly+ d[n4 ,ea* /all is numb]$1 ! side-bo>ds1 brea/-bo>ds1 mang]s1 etc41 be+ m>k$ ) ! numb] ( ! /all to :i* !y belong4 ,= "s h\rs be=e sail+ hay %\ld n be giv5 at all2 o!rwise1 if ! horses are seasick1 x w rema9 undige/$ 9 ! /oma*1 & possibly cause colic or bl9d /agg]s4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,horses ,,at ,,sea4 ,= ! fir/ few days on %ipbo>d food is to be giv5 r sp>+ly1 & bran is to =m a l>ge portion ( x2 b aft] ! horse becomes accu/om$ to 8 new situation1 & 8 appetite increases1 he %\ld be m lib]ally f$4 ,a bran ma%1 or oats & bran mix$1 is to be giv5 to him e o!r day4 ,! sp>e /alls admit ( ! horses be+ %ift$1 rubb$ d[n1 _! feet wa%$1 & ! /alls clean$ out e day t ! wea!r p]mits4 ,h&-rubb+ ! legs is ( ! greate/ consequ5ce to ! com=t & well-be+ ( ! horse1 & is to be practis$1 if possible1 e day or :5ev] ! horses *ange /alls4 ,horses are to be slung 9 smoo? wea!r1 & all[$ to /& on _! legs 9 r\gh & /ormy wea!r4 ,9 smoo? wea!r !y w re/ _! legs & feet by ?r[+ _! :ole weight into ! sl+s4 ,to sl+ a horse 9 r\gh wea!r1 :]eby he is tak5 (f 8 feet1 w\ld only h ! effect ( knock+ him ab\t ) ! roll ( ! %ip4 ,horses /&+ accommodate !mselves to ! motion ( ! vessel4 ,!y are n to be plac$ 9 ! horse-hammock until !y h be5 at sea = a week1 z "s w\ld only be made uneasy by ! attempt to d s4 ,! hammock is to be plac$ ar\nd ! c5tre ( ! horse's belly1 & !n ! brea/-b& & bree*+ fa/5$ to ! requir$ l5g? & degree ( tightness4 ,:5 ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess1 & n be=e1 ! horse is quickly rais$ until all1 or ne>ly all1 ( 8 weight is (f 8 legs4 ,he w v soon le>n ! relief ! hammock af=ds him1 & w n be sl[ 9 avail+ himself ( x by ?r[+ 8 weight into x4 ,) "s horses x is necess>y to use great quickness 9 mak+ ! ropes fa/ be=e !y ?r[ _! :ole weight into ! hammock4 ,:5 ! horses are betwe5-decks1 too mu* att5tion _c be paid to ! con/ant trimm+ ( ! w9d-sails s z to insure pl5ty ( fre% air4 ,! w9d-sails %\ld be well =w>d1 & ext5d$ d[n )9 two or ?ree feet ( ! deck4 ,:5 a horse betwe5-decks becomes ill1 & ! wea!r is at all f9e1 he %\ld be remov$ to ! upp] deck1 :]e ! fre% air & *ange w probably soon br+ him "r aga94 ,besides ! ord9>y groom+ ut5sils = /able s]vice1 !re %\ld be a pl5tiful supply ( /able-brooms1 hoes1 & %ovels = clean+ out ! /alls1 & baskets or o!r light vessels = remov+ ! manure4 ,! %ip mu/ be well light$1 & ! gu>ds att5tive2 seasick m5 mu/ n be intru/$ ) ?is important duty4 ,dis9fectants1 su* z *loride ( lime & z9c1 c>bolic acid1 copp]as1 p[d]$ gypsum1 etc41 %\ld be freely us$1 &1 ^u emb>k+1 ! artill]y comm&] w see t !y are suppli$4 ,%\ld any contagi\s disease appe>1 ! horse or horses attack$ w be promptly ?r[n ov]bo>d1 & ! precautions tak5 z prescrib$ "u ! head ( ,sick ,horses4 ,! fe$-tr\ghs & ! no/rils ( ! horses are wa%$ e morn+ & ev5+ ) dilut$ v9eg>4 ,wat] is all[$ at ! rate ( six gallons a day p] horse1 & "o gallon p] man4 ,dur+ ! voyage ! artill]y comm&] w make x 8 especial duty to act 9 h>mony ) ! ma/] ( ! vessel4 ,!re mu/1 ( necessity1 be divid$ au?ority & responsibility4 ,ord] & neatness among ! m5 & cleanl9ess ) ! horses are to be look$ aft] by ! comm&] ( ! troops4 ,9 att5d+ to ^! duties c>e w be obs]v$ n to int]f]e ne$lessly ) ! duties ( ! crew nor ) ! belong+s ( ! %ip4 ,(fic]s are always to be furni%$ ) cab9 accommodations1 & ! m5 ) prop] mess+ arrangem5ts4 ,?is %\ld be specifi$ 9 ! *>t]1 & %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood by all p>ties previ\s to sett+ out on ! voyage4 ,! fitt+ up ( ! vessel is g5]ally done by ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s ,dep>tm5t1 b ! comm&] ( ! artill]y to be emb>k$ w1 z ! "o mo/ conc]n$1 give 8 special att5tion to see t ! "w is ?or\gh & complete4 ,,disemb>k+4 ,:5 ?is c be done at a :>f1 ! op]ation is simply ! rev]se ( emb>k+4 ,:5 :>f accommodations are n available1 arrangem5ts w h to be made = transf]r+ ! m51 horses1 & mat]ial f ! vessel to ! %ore4 ,bridges may be made ( pontoons1 or ( tre/les & pontoons comb9$1 & ! horses & mat]ial c>ri$ a%ore on ^!2 canal-b>ges may be us$ & t[$ close to %ore by light-draught /eam]s1 f :i* horses & mat]ial c be l&$ by a gang-plank2 by la%+ two ( ! canal-b>ges toge!r1 plac+ ! boats "s #ab feet ap>t1 & ?r[+ a false or additional deck ov] ! :ole1 a plat=m is =m$1 ab\t #dj feet long1 capable ( hold+ all ! pieces & caissons ( a six-gun batt]y1 or f #dj to #ej horses4 ,a raft ( ?is k9d %\ld h a /rong rail+ ar\nd x4 ,9 disemb>k+ horses ! same precautions are necess>y z :5 emb>k+ !m4 ,= "s days aft] a long voyage !y %\ld be l$ ab\t at a walk1 & no weight put on _! backs unless x is absolutely necess>y4 ,! disemb>kation ( horses by swimm+ is m easily effect$ ?an _! emb>kation by ! same me?od1 z _! in/9ct assi/s 9 br++ !m a%ore4 ,! horse %\ld be l[]$ 9 ! sl+ ov] ! side ( ! vessel1 )\t fa/5+ ! brea/-/rap or bree*+4 ,:5 ! tackle is unhook$1 ! sl+ op5s & is at once slipp$ f "u4 ,9 smoo? wat] a horse c easily swim half a mile4 ,:5 ! deck ( a vessel is l[1 say n ov] #aj feet1 & !re is a gangway1 ! horses may be back$ (f into ! wat] )\t sl++4 ,?is me?od %\ld nev] be resort$ to if x c possibly be avoid$2 x is liable to /ra9 & injure ! animal1 & x is said to injure 8 pluck & make him %y ab\t ent]+ wat]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,ma*9e-guns4 ,! ,hot*kiss ,revolv+ ,cannon4 ,! ,gatl+ ,gun4 ,! ,g>dn] ,gun4 ,! ,maxim ,gun4 ,! ,metallic ,c>riage = ,ma*9e-guns4 ,,hot*kiss ,,revolv+ ,,cannon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4 ,!re are two sizes = field-artill]y1 viz43 light & heavy1 bo? hav+ ! same calib]4 ,,description4 ,light4 ,heavy4 ,calibre in*es #a4de #a4de ,l5g? ( gun #df4d #gj4d ,height ( trunnions above tread #ce #db4d ,l5g? ( gun-b>rel #bi4a #ej4a ,numb] ( b>rels #e #e ,weight ( ea* b>rel p\nds #cj4h #gi ,l5g? ( rifl$ bore in*es #bd4g #dc4d ,numb] ( l&s #ab #ab ,pit* ( rifl+ degrees #f #f ,weight ( gun complete p\nds #die #ajde ,! gun consi/s ( five ma9 p>ts3 ! gr\p ( b>rels1 ! bree*-piece1 ! me*anism1 ! frame1 & ! atta*m5ts4 ,,! ,,gr\p ,,( ,,b>rels4 ,! five b>rels are assembl$ ar\nd a ma9 %aft by be+ secur$ 9 two bronze assembl+-disks4 ,bo? disks are bolt$ to ! ma9 %aft1 s t b>rels1 disks1 & %aft revolve toge!r4 ,! ma9 %aft goes into ! bree*-piece1 & has screw$ & bolt$ to its end a heavy /eel p9-:eel1 :i* connects ! b>rel-sy/em ) ! me*anism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4 ,hot*kiss ,r4 ,c4 ,rotat+ ,device4 ,,leg5d ,c4 ,crank ,%aft4 ,l4 ,load+ ,pi/on4 ,p4 #e1 ,p9ions4 ,t4 ,trap ,door4 ,w4 ,worm4 ,,! ,,bree*-,,piece4 ,?is is a ca/-iron block1 ! front half solid & pi]c$ ) ! *annels necess>y = fe$+1 load+1 fir+1 & extract+ ammunition1 & ! re> half holl[ to =m a *amb] = ! me*anism1 ) guideways & j\rnals = its movem5t & support4 ,9 ! upp] front face a *annelway is cut f ! load+-hole ar\nd almo/ to ! fir+-po9t1 ! bottom be+ incl9$ s t z ! c>tridge moves along x dur+ ! revolution ( ! b>rels x is pu%$ =w>d & close home4 ,! =w>d face is re9=c$ at ! fir+-po9t by a /eel face-plate c\nt]sunk 9 x1 ?r\gh :i* ! fir+-p9 hole is pi]c$4 ,! seat = ! p9-:eel is 9 ! re> face ( ! solid "p4 ,?is p9-:eel c only be m\nt$ on ! ma9 %aft aft] ! end ( ! latt] has be5 ins]t$ 9 its j\rnal2 & 9 ord] to put ! lock+-p9 ( ! p9-:eel 9 place x is necess>y to h a hole pi]c$ radially f ! outside ( ! bree*-piece4 ,?is hole is kept con/antly clos$ by a tap-screw4 ,! re> end ( ! bree*-piece is clos$ by a bronze door1 h+$ at ! bottom1 & secur$ by a screw-bolt at ! top4 ,on ! out] sides ( ! bree*-piece %\ld]s are ca/ to =m seats = ! %afts ( ! frame4 ,z ! worm-%aft does n ext5d completely across ! *amb] ( ! bree*-piece1 a small j\rnal-seat is ca/ j to ! left ( ! c5tre ( ! *amb]4 ,9 ! "r l[] corn] ( ! *amb] is a guideway = ! fir+-bolt2 on ! left side is a slotway = ! extractor2 a small j\rnal is pi]c$ ?r\gh ! side = a cog-:eel1 :i* is held 9 place by a keep-p94 ,9 ! left upp] corn] is a guideway = ! load+-pi/on4 ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,! "w ( ! me*anism consi/s 9 revolv+ ! b>rels1 load+1 fir+1 & extract+4 ,! revolution ( ! b>rels is a simple ge> movem5t4 ,! load+ & extract+ are reciprocal movem5ts2 t is1 :ile a c>tridge is be+ pu%$ into "o b>rel an empty c>tridge-case is be+ drawn f ano!r4 ,! fir+ is accompli%$ by ! fir+-bolt1 :i* is drawn backw>d by its cock+-arm press+ on ! cam ( ! worm-:eel1 & !n ?r[n viol5tly =w>d by ! ma9spr+1 :5 ! arm drops f ! end ( ! cam4 ,! piece has ! ord9>y trigg] arrangem5t4 ,9 ord] to keep ! c>tridges f cr[d+ d[n ^u ! load+-pi/on a small fe$-gate is hung loosely 9 ! fe$+-hole4 ,9 ! =w>d movem5t ( ! pi/on a small nib at its =w>d end cat*es beh9d ! gate & lifts x up1 ?us cutt+ (f ! fe$4 ,,! ,,frame ,,& ,,atta*m5ts4 ,! gr\p ( b>rels & ! bree*-piece are b\nd toge!r by ! frame1 & ! :ole sy/em is support$ by ! trunnions 9 a =k$ pivot4 ,! frame is a light bronze ca/+1 consi/+ ( two holl[ side-b>s connect$ by two holl[ cross-b>s4 ,! =w>d "o is j\rnall$ = ! =w>d end ( ! ma9 %aft1 & ! re> "o is 9 l9e ) ! trunnions4 ,a half-r+ spans ! %aft ov] ! =w>d assembl+-disk to =m a seat = ! front sight4 ,! re> ends ( ! %afts are bolt$ 9 seats 9 ! side ( ! bree*-piece4 ,! trunnions =m "p ( ! ca/+ ( ! frame4 ,! "r =w>d cap-squ>e bolt has a lev] = clamp+ ! piece at any desir$ elevation4 ,! pivot re/s 9 a socket1 9 ! side ( :i* is a clamp = fix+ ! gun 9 any desir$ direction4 ,! fe$-tr\gh holds ab\t eight c>tridges4 ,! ,re> ,sight consi/s ( a b> hav+ its "r edge arrang$ ) alt]nate not*es & po9ts = ea* #ajj y>ds or o!r unit4 ,^! not*es & po9ts are s arrang$ z to all[ = ! natural drift ( ! projectile4 ,! b> is h+$ at ! bottom to lie flat on ! bree*-piece :5 n 9 use4 ,! ,front ,sight is ( ! ord9>y /eel-po9t patt]n4 ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,suppose ! crank to be 9 cont9ual motion4 ,a c>tridge is plac$ 9 ! introduction-tr\gh1 ! pi/on pu%es x into ! b>rel1 ! b>rels beg9 to revolve1 & ! c>tridge is c>ri$ on until x arrives be=e ! fir+-p91 held 9 ! solid "p ( ! bree*1 & :i* has1 9 ! meantime1 be5 retract$ by ! action ( ! cam4 ,z soon z ! c>tridge has arriv$ 9 position ! b>rels cease to revolve & ! prim] ( ! c>tridge is /ruck by ! fir+-p9 & dis*>g$2 ! revolution ( ! b>rels beg9s aga91 & ! fir$ c>tridge-%ell is c>ri$ on until x comes to ! extractor1 :i* 9 ! meantime has arriv$ up to ! b>rels1 & ! c>tridge-head rolls into x4 ,z soon z ! head is laid hold ( by ! extractor ! b>rels aga9 cease to revolve1 & dur+ ?is p]iod ! c>tridge-%ell is )drawn & dropp$ to ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ e /oppage ( ! b>rels ! gun is suppli$ ) a new c>tridge1 ! fir+ & extraction are also p]=m$1 & a cont9u\s b sl[ fire is kept up4 ,supply+ ! gun 9 ?is mann] ) s+le c>tridges1 ab\t ?irty r\nds p] m9ute may be fir$4 ,,dism\nt+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,to ,dism\nt4--#a4 ,op5 ! bree*-door by unscrew+ ! door-bolt4 ,z ! ma9spr+ presses aga9/ ! door1 "o h& %\ld be press$ aga9/ ! door to keep x f fly+ op54 #b4 ,)draw ! fir+-bolt by pull+ /raight out4 #c4 ,deta* ! ma9spr+ by fir/ turn+ x completely ov] & !n )draw+ its keep-p94 #d4 ,take out ! ?umb-screw :i* secures ! extractor-crank to ! worm-axle4 #e4 ,)draw ! worm-axle by pull+ /raight out on ! crank2 & z ! extractor-crank & worm-:eel slip (f1 remove !m4 #f4 ,pull out ! extractor4 #g4 ,pull out ! load+-pi/on4 #h4 ,unscrew ! keep-p9 ( ! cog-:eel & take ! latt] out4 ,?is completes ! dism\nt+ ( ! me*anism4 ,to ,m\nt4--,proce$ 9 ! inv]se ord]1 be>+ 9 m9d t 9 ins]t+ ! load+-pi/on x mu/ be pu%$ 9 to its extreme =w>d limit1 z m>k$ by arr[s on its =w>d end & on ! rim ( ! fe$+-hole1 be=e ! extractor is ins]t$4 ,also1 9 ins]t+ ! worm-axle ! mo/ conv5i5t position is ) ! fea!r up1 s t ! extractor-crank w m\nt :5 x is turn$ arm d[n & to ! re>4 ,?is is n necess>y1 b is conv5i5t 9 assembl+4 ,to ,dism\nt ,completely4--#a4 ,turn ! b>rels until ! arr[ on ! re> assembl+-disk m>k$ ,dism\nt is opposite ! arr[ on ! "r upp] qu>t] ( bree*-piece4 #b4 ,ent] a pun* 9 ! hole 9 ! bree*-piece & back out ! keep-bolt ( ! p9-:eel4 #c4 ,unscrew & take out ! p9-:eel4 #d4 ,unscrew ! f\r bolts :i* secure ! frame to ! bree*-piece4 #e4 ,slip ! bree*-piece (f to ! re>4 #f4 ,remove ! gr\p ( b>rels f ! frame4 ,m\nt+ is done 9 ! inv]se ord]4 ,/>t ! p9-:eel on be=e pu%+ ! bree*-piece entirely into place4 ,9 driv+ 9 ! keep-p9 ( ! p9-:eel be c>eful t x is close home s z n to gr9d 9 ! j\rnal4 ,also1 be=e dropp+ ! keep-p9 9 turn ! b>rels until ! arr[ m>k$ ,m\nt is opposite ! "o on ! bree*-piece4 ,,c>e ,,& ,,clean+ ,,requir$4 ,apply ! rules giv5 = m\nta9-artill]y1 page #d4 ,9 scrubb+ out ! b>rels x is always be/ to turn ! "o to be scrubb$ to ! extractor-hole1 z ?is position gives ! mo/ room = ?or\gh "w & ! wat] does n slop into ! bree*-piece4 ,elevate ! gun slightly & put ! wat]-bucket "u ! extractor-hole4 ,:5 clean$ & m\nt$1 p\r a little oil 9 ! oil-holes & revolve ! me*anism a few times to spread x on ! be>+s4 ,,ammunition4 ,! ammunition is simil> to t us$ 9 bree*-load+ small arms1 & consi/s ( ! projectile1 to ! base ( :i* is crimp$ a metallic c>tridge-case conta9+ ! p[d]-*>ge1 & be+ provid$ ) a p]cussion-cap = c5tre-fire4 ,! *>ge ( p[d] is load$ into ! brass case & %ak5 d[n1 & on ! top ( x is plac$ a felt lubricat+-wad1 :i* leaves suffici5t end to ! case to all[ x to be crimp$ to ! base ( ! projectile4 ,! projectiles consi/ ( ca/-iron %ell1 /eel %ell1 & cani/]4 ,! nose ( ! fir/ is truncat$ to give a seat = ! nose fuze2 t ( ! second comes to a %>p po9t1 & its fuze is 9 ! base4 ,! cani/] consi/s ( a ?9 drawn brass case1 almo/ hemisph]ical at ! head1 fill$ ) h>d5$ lead balls pack$ 9 sawdu/4 ,light4 ,heavy4 ,weight ( %ell1 empty ,oz4 #ad4d #af load$ #af #ai ,bur/+-*>ge #j4g #j4h ,numb] ( fragm5ts #ae #ae ,weight ( cani/] ,lbs4 #a4be #a4be ,numb] ( bullets #bh #bh ,weight ( c>tridge-case1 empty ,oz4 #c #c4d p[d]-*>ge #b4h #c4h ,total weight ( c>tridge complete1 %ell ,lbs4 #a4d #a4g case #a4f #a4ge ,,! ,,c>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4 ,light4 ,heavy4 ,diamet] ( :eel ,in*es4 #de4b #ee4a ,weight ,lbs4 #ii #ahg ,wid? ( tread ,in*es4 #dg4b #fj4b ,weight ( c>riage )\t %ield ,lbs4 #eej #iij %ield #bbj #bhb ,weight ( gun1 c>riage & limb] fully equipp$ #baab #cdhg ,! trail is =m$ ( two brackets connect$ by bolts & two transoms1 & hav+ a gun-metal re/ = c>ry+ ! trunnion-saddle1 ! re> ends be+ connect$ by ! trail eye-piece1 made ( ca/ /eel4 ,! brackets div]ge at ! trunnions1 ! axle is ( /eel1 & ! :eels h metallic naves & tires4 ,! gun-trav]s+ arrangem5t1 giv+ #d deflection to ! "r or left1 consi/s ( a ca/-/eel saddle ) trunnion-be>+s1 & works 9 ! gun-metal re/ rivet$ to ! brackets4 ,! elevat+ & trav]s+ arrangem5t consi/s ( a /eel ball-&-socket elevat+-screw work+ 9 an oscillat+ be>+2 ?is be>+1 & ) x ! elevat+-screw1 c be trav]s$ "r & left by means ( a small h&-:eel on ! left side ( ! trail1 & ?is causes ! trunnion-saddle ) ! gun to pivot ar\nd ! c5tre ( ! saddle4 ,on ! "r side ( ! trail !re is a compress+-h&le to lock ! elevat+-screw1 s z to make x immovable dur+ fir+ & :il/ travell+4 ,! h&spike1 ( iron tub+1 is h+$ to ! trail4 ,! brake is ( ! foll[+ description3 ,ea* axle-arm has a screw cut on its extremity2 ?is c>ries a nut =m+ a conical cap1 p>tly envelop+ ! inn] side ( ! :eel-nave1 :i* is also conical1 to fit ! inside ( ! cap2 & has a crank-arm by :i* x c be revolv$ on ! axle4 ,:5 screw$ up1 ?is cap grips ! cone ( ! nave ( ! :eel until ! latt] is immovably lock$ by ! friction ( ! cones4 ,a %ield1 ( ?ree p>ts1 made to fold toge!r1 ?us =m+ seats = two m51 is sometimes provid$4 ,x is ( /eel plate ?ree sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,! c>riage c>ries ! foll[+ implem5ts3 ,a sponge on ! "r bracket1 & two h&spikes b5ea? ! trail2 9 ! tool-box 7:i* is betwe5 ! brackets7 are c>ri$ ! fe$-tr\gh1 h&-crank1 re> sight1 screw-driv]1 oil-c1 res]ve ma9spr+1 res]ve fir+-p91 hamm]1 pun*1 & a univ]sal wr5*4 ,,! ,,limb]4 ,light4 ,heavy4 ,weight ( limb] empty ,lbs4 #fje #iac load$ #ajfg #adeb ,numb] ( r\nds 9 limb] #cjj #cjj ,! limb] is =m$ ( f\r fut*ells1--! outside ones ( flat /eel1 ! inside ones & ! spl9t]-b> be+ ( angle-iron1--a plat=m-bo>d1 & a foot-bo>d ( oak4 ,! axle is ( holl[ wr\ght iron2 :eels same z = c>riage4 ,! fut*ells & spl9t]-b> are all rivet$ toge!r1 & ! ca/-/eel limb]-hook is rivet$ 9 betwe5 ! inside fut*ells3 ! axle is secur$ to ! b$ by ?ree be>+s4 ,! pole lets into an iron frame & is held by two bolts ) ?reads & nuts4 ,! s+le-trees1 ( metal1 are hung to eye-plates "u ! ends ( ! brackets4 ,! ammunition-*e/ is made ( /eel plate & c>ries #cjj r\nds 9 two comp>tm5ts1 "o ( :i* holds #ajj r\nds pack$ 9 t5 /eel fe$-cases ready = rapid fir+4 ,! limb] c>ries ! foll[+ implem5ts3 ,a set ( intr5*+-tools1 axe1 wat]-bucket1 traction-rope1 cu%ions = seats1 etc4 ,,! ,,caisson4 ,light4 ,heavy4 ,weight ) limb] empty ,lbs4 #adcj #bdji load$ #cjia #dcef ,numb] ( r\nds #aajj #aajj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4 ,! caisson 7,fig4 #he7 consi/s ( ! limb]1 :i* is id5tical ) ! gun-limb]1 & ! caisson-body1 c>ry+ two ammunition-*e/s simil> to ^? ( ! limb]4 ,x is ( /eel & iron1 ) brakes l ^? on ! c>riage4 ,!re are two foot-bo>ds1 & x has arrangem5ts = c>ry+ ! sp>e :eel1 intr5*+-tools1 sp>e pole1 s+le-trees1 & o!r accessories4 ,,range ,,table ,,= ,,light ,,field-,,piece4 ,angle ( jump1 #d4 ,*>ge1 #b4h oz4 ,mean weight ( projectile1 #a lb4 ,initial velocity1 #acai ft4-sec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,range4,elevation4,drift4 ,"t ,angle ,f9al ,m>ks on ,drift- ( ( ,velocity4,sight-b>4m>ks4 ,flight4,fall4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,yds4 ,yds4 ,sec4 ,ft4 ,94 ,94 #ajj #j #jf #j4ja #j4b #j #aa #abcd #j4jeh #j4jjc #bjj #j #ag #j4jd #j4d #j #bd #aafa #j4afd #j4jjg #cjj #j #bi #j4ji #j4f #j #ch #ajia #j4bha #j4jaj #djj #j #db #j4af #a4j #j #eb #ajcg #j4djf #j4jad #ejj #j #ef #j4bg #a4c #a #ji #ihg #j4edc #j4jah #fjj #a #aj #j4dc #a4g #a #bh #idd #j4fgi #j4jbc #gjj #a #be #j4fd #b4j #a #di #ijf #j4hbd #j4jbg #hjj #a #db #j4hg #b4d #b #ab #hgd #j4ihi #j4jcb #ijj #a #ei #a4b #b4g #b #cg #hdc #a4aed #j4jcg #ajjj #b #af #a4f #c4a #c #je #hai #a4cai #j4jdb #aajj #b #ce #b4j #c4d #c #ce #gif #a4ejd #j4jed #abjj #b #ee #b4e #c4h #d #jg #gge #a4fih #j4jfg #acjj #c #af #c4b #d4b #d #db #gef #a4ijb #j4jgi #adjj #c #ch #c4i #d4e #e #bj #gda #b4aaf #j4jib #aejj #d #jj #d4g #d4i #e #ei #gbf #b4cca #j4ajd #afjj #d #bd #e4g #e4d #f #cj #gaa #b4efe #j4abj #agjj #d #di #f4g #e4h #g #ac #fie #b4hjh #j4acf #ahjj #e #ae #g4i #f4b #g #ef #fhb #c4jfc #j4aeb #aijj #e #db #i4d #f4g #h #ca #fgj #c4ccd #j4afh #bjjj #f #aj #aa4j #g4a #i #ad #fei #c4fja #j4ahd #bajj #f #ci #ab4g #g4f #aj #jj #fej #c4hgg #j4bjg #bbjj #g #ji #ad4g #h4j #aj #dh #fda #d4aha #j4bbi #bcjj #g #dj #af4h #h4e #aa #ci #fcb #d4dhg #j4beb #bdjj #h #ab #ai4c #i4j #ab #ca #fbc #d4hjd #j4bgd #bejj #h #df #bb4j #i4e #ac #bd #fac #e4adj #j4big ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,mean ,deviation4 ,dang]\s ,highe/ -------------------,space ( ,po9t ,range4,range4,drift4,height4 ,t>get ( #e ,feet ,trajectory4 ,high4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,yds4 ,yds4 ,yds4 ,yds4 ,yds4 ,ft4 #ajj #bb4c #j4jf #j4jg ,total #bjj #ba4c #j4ab #j4ad ,range4 #cjj #bj4e #j4ai #j4bb #bag #djj #ai4h #j4be #j4cj #aej #ejj #ai4a #j4cb #j4ci #aac #ad #fjj #ah4e #j4db #j4di #ij #gjj #ah4j #j4ej #j4eg #gd #hjj #ag4e #j4ee #j4fe #fh #ijj #ag4a #j4fc #j4gi #ec #ajjj #af4g #j4gj #j4ij #df #fg #aajj #af4e #j4gi #a4jb #dj #abjj #af4c #j4h #a4a #cf #acjj #af4j #j4ii #a4c #cb #adjj #af4j #a4je #a4d #bi #aejj #ae4i #a4a #a4e #bf #ahd #afjj #ae4i #a4c #a4g #agjj #ae4i #a4d #a4i #ahjj #ae4i #a4f #b4a #aijj #af4a #a4f #b4d #bjjj #af4e #a4g #b4g #chg #bajj #af4i #a4h #c4j #bbjj #ag4b #b4j #c4c #bcjj #ag4f #b4b #c4f #bdjj #ah4a #b4d #d4j #bejj #ah4g #b4e #d4f #gja ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,! ,,gatl+ ,,gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4 ,! foll[+ description applies m p>ticul>ly to ! model ( #ahhc1 :i* diff]s 9 "s ( its details f previ\s models4 ,! #a-;in* & 4#de-;in* calibres are n[ 9 s]vice2 & contracts h be5 made = supply+ 4#cj-;in* calibre4 ,! ,gatl+ gun consi/s ( a numb] ( bree*-load+ rifl$ b>rels1 ,b1 gr\p$ ar\nd a %aft1 ,s1 to :i* !y are p>allel4 ,! #a-;in* has six b>rels2 small] calibres eight & t54 ,ea* b>rel is fir$ only once 9 ! revolution ( ! gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4 ,! bree*-ends ( ! b>rels are screw$ into a disk or re> b>rel-plate1 ,p1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! %aft1 & ! muzzles pass ?r\gh ano!r simil> disk1 ,p1 call$ ! front b>rel-plate1 on ! %aft2 ! %aft projects beyond ! muzzles1 & ext5ds backw>ds = "s di/ance beh9d ! bree*es ( ! b>rels4 ,directly beh9d ! b>rels a c>ri]-block1 ,c1 is fa/5$ to ! %aft1 & 9 its ext]ior surface semi-cyl9drical *annels are cut1 :i* =m tr\gh-l ext5sions to ! re> ( ! c>tridge-*amb]s ( ! b>rels1 & are design$ to receive & guide ! c>tridges :ile !y are ?ru/ into ! b>rels1 & guide ! empty cases :ile !y are )drawn4 ,beh9d ! c>ri]-block ! %aft c>ries1 rigidly atta*$1 ! lock-cyl9d]1 ,l1 9 :i* guide-grooves are =m$1 :i* are p>allel to ! b>rels1 & 9 :i* slide long bree*-plugs or locks hav+ a =w>d & backw>d motion ( _! own1 & by :i* ! c>tridges are ?ru/ into ! b>rels4 ,!y also close ! b>rels until aft] dis*>ge1 & !n extract ! cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4 ,ea* plug1 or lock 7,fig4 #hh71 conta9s a spiral ma9spr+1 b1 act+ on a fir+-p91 a1 by :i* ! *>ge is fir$1 s t ! plug p]=ms all ( ! functions ( a gun-lock1 z well z ( a bree*-plug1 b is ! head ( fir+-p9 7:i* engages 9 ,r1 ,fig4 #hi72 c is ! lug = groove2 d is ! hook$ extractor :i* engages ov] ! c>tridge-head2 & e is ! guide-rib = ! lock4 ,! lock is a reb\nd+ "o1 ! int5tion be+ t ! fir+-p9 %all n project beyond ! face ( ! block until1 on be+ releas$ f ! cock+-piece1 x flies =w>d & dis*>ges ! c>tridge4 ,! %aft1 ,s1 to :i* ! gr\p ( b>rels & bo? ! c>ri]-block & ! lock-cyl9d] are rigidly atta*$1 is free to turn on its axis1 ! front end be+ j\rnall$ 9 ! front "p ( ! frame1 & ! re> end 9 a diaphragm 9 ! bree*-cas+4 ,! ge>+ by :i* ! %aft is revolv$ consi/s ( a too!d :eel1 ,g 7,fig4 #hg71 fa/5$ to ! %aft1 & work$ by an endless screw1 ,w1 on a small axle1 ,s1 :i* passes transv]sely ?r\gh ! case at "r angles to ! %aft1 & is furni%$ outside ! case ) a h&-crank1 ,k4 ,! crank may be work$ f ! side1 or x may be atta*$ to ! re> end ( ! ma9 %aft1 giv+ 9 ! fir/ position a rapidity equal to ab\t #hjj %ots p] m9ute1 & 9 ! latt] #abjj p] m9ute4 ,! re> end ( ! ma9 %aft t]m9ates 9 a screw1 :i* is cov]$ by a knob or cascable1 :i* is turn$ :5 ! crank is to be atta*$ = rapid fire4 ,! c>tridge-c>ri] block is cov]$ above ! frame by a semi-cyl9drical %ell1 :i* is provid$ at ! top ) an op5+ ( suitable size & %ape to p]mit a s+le c>tridge to fall ?r\gh x into "o ( ! *annels ( ! c>ri]-block1 :i* x ov]lies4 ,!re is a tr\gh ext5d+ upw>d f ?is op5+ & =m+ a hopp]1 9 :i* fe$-cases c be plac$4 ,b5ea? ! c>ri]-block ev]y?+ is op51 to all[ ! c>tridges or %ells :i* are )drawn by ! extractors f ! b>rels to fall to ! gr\nd4 ,)9 ! cyl9drical bree*-case atta*$ to ! frame a heavy r+1 n q ! l5g? ( ! lock-cyl9d]1 is fa/5$ to ! case & diaphragm1 :i* ne>ly fills ! space betwe5 ! inside ( ! case & ! cyl9d]4 ,portions ( ! inside ( ?is r+ are s cut away z to leave a cam project+ f ! inn] surface ( ! r+1 hav+ two helicoidal edges incl9$ to ea* o!r1 & unit$ by a %ort1 flat plane4 ,aga9/ ^! edges ! re> ends ( ! locks cont9ually be>1 !re be+ room en\gh = ! locks to lie loosely )9 ! p>ts ( ! r+ :i* are cut away4 ,ea* lock is held back aga9/ ! cam by a lug project+ lat]ally f ! end ( ! lock1 & ent]+ a groove =m$ at ! base ( ! cam1 9 ! ?9 "p ( ! r+4 ,a device = ?r[+ ! cock+-piece 9 & out ( ge>1 work$ by a knob on ! "r ( ! bree*-cas+1 p]mits ! gun be+ us$ = drill purposes )\t snapp+ ! locks4 ,:5 ! arr[-head po9ts to ! front1 x is 9 position = fir+4 ,) ! head po9t+ to ! re> x is out ( action4 ,on ! left ( ! bree*-cas+1 j "u ! hopp]1 is a movable section ) ?ree w$ge-%ap$ prongs1 :i* keep ! c>tridge-cases 9 ! grooves ( ! c>ri] until !y are eject$4 ,x is call$ ! %ell-guide4 ,! gun c be unload$ ( any c>tridges n fir$ by remov+ ! fe$-case1 op5+ ! hopp]1 & rev]s+ ! motion ( ! crank4 ,! locks c be remov$ & ins]t$ )\t tak+ (f ! cascable-plate2 & ! abs5ce ( "o or m plugs does n affect ! work+ ( ! gun1 except to dim9i% ! int5sity ( ! fire4 ,= ea* lock remov$ "o unexplod$ c>tridge falls to ! gr\nd at ea* revolution ( ! gun4 ,! gun is encas$ 9 a frame :i* has trunnions1 & is m\nt$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 l a field-piece4 ,! screw = elevat+ & depress+ ! bree* works 9 a nut atta*$ to ! trail ( ! c>riage 9 ! usual way4 ,9 ! model ( #ahhc ! trunnions ( ! gun are plac$ two in*es bel[ its c5tre1 & ! elevation & depression are giv5 by means ( an arc connect$ at bo? extremities ) ! gun1 :i* may be elevat$ #gd or depress$ #gh4 ,a lat]al movem5t is giv5 ! gun by means ( a h&-lev] :i* fits into a squ>e mortise ca/ on ! "u side ( ! bree*-cas+4 ,on top ( ! bree*-cas+ is a _s-level plac$ p>allel to ! axis ( ! piece1 & on ! "r side ( ! cascable-plate is ano!r at "r angles to ! fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,9 ,fig4 #hi cd1 cd are ! developm5ts ( ! "r-& left-h& sides ( ! elliptical groove2 cc & dd are developm5ts ( ! circul> arcs4 ,:5 ! crank is rotat$1 x causes ! %aft ) ! b>rels1 c>ri]-block1 & lock-cyl9d] to rotate 9 ! cas+4 ,! bolts1 held by ! guides 9 ! surface ( ! lock-cyl9d]1 also rotate ) ! b>rels & o!r p>ts1 b by ! be>+ ( ! bolt-lugs 9 ! elliptical grooves 9 ! b>rel-cas+ ! bolts on ! "r-h& side are =c$ to move =w>d1 dc1 t[>ds ! b>rels1 & ^? on ! left to move backw>d cd4 ,:5 ea* bolt 9 ?is rotation rea*es ! load+-flat1 a c>tridge drops f ! fe$ into ! groove 9 ! c>ri]-block1 9 front ( ! bolt4 ,z ! rotation cont9ues ! bolt pu%es =w>d until1 on rea*+ ! fir+-flat1 ! c>tridge has be5 completely ins]t$ & ! b>rel clos$4 ,dur+ ?is motion a groove on ! "r-h& side ( ! cas+1 ,r1 cat*es ! head ( ! fir+-p9 & reta9s x1 ?us compress+ ! spiral ma9spr+ & cock+ ! fir+-p94 ,a cont9uation ( ! rotation causes ! fir+-p9 to pass out ( ?is groove2 & ! action ( ! ma9spr+ drives ! p9 =w>d & fires ! c>tridge4 ,! motion cont9u+1 ! bolt is )drawn by ! left-h& groove1 cd1 & z x moves backw>d ! empty case is drawn out by ! extractor on ! bolt4 ,,! ,,fe$4 ,! ,bruce ,fe$ 7,fig4 #ij74--,?is is a gravity fe$ consi/+ ( an upright bronze /&>d1 a1 hav+ two grooves 9 x4 ,bel[ ! grooves is a fix$ m\?1 c1 & bel[ ?is a :eel1 d1 hav+ its axis to "o side ( ! m\? & turn+ freely on ?is axis4 ,:5 9 use1 ! fe$ is ins]t$ 9 an op5+ 9 ! b>rel-cas+ directly ov] ! c>ri]-block1 e4 ,! pap] box conta9+ ! c>tridges 7! top be+ remov$7 is plac$ 9 ! fix$ /&>d ) ! heads ( ! c>tridges to ! re>4 ,! heads engage 9 ! grooves ( ! sw++-piece1 b1 & ! pap] box may !n be pull$ (f4 ,z ea* c>tridge /rikes ! :eel x causes ! latt] to revolve & pres5t a new groove = ! reception ( a c>tridge4 ,! c>tridges deliv]$ to ! :eel are 9 turn c>ri$ ar\nd by x & deposit$ 9 ! grooves ( ! c>ri]-block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4 ,! c>tridges 9 "o column ( ! fe$ becom+ exhau/$1 ! weight ( ^? 9 ! o!r column causes ! sw++-piece to rotate suffici5tly = !m to be f$ to ! piece4 ,! ,accles ,fe$ 7,fig4 #ia7 consi/s ( a brass drum ! di/ance betwe5 ^: heads slightly exce$s ! l5g? ( ! c>tridge to be us$4 ,! inside ( ! head is groov$ 9 a spiral =m end+ at ! m\? ( ! drum4 ,! c5tral "p ( ! spiral is remov$ & replac$ by ! axis ( a set ( radial arms :i* rotate ab\t ?is axis4 ,! c>tridges are ins]t$ ?r\gh ! m\? ( ! drum into ! spirals ) ! heads to ! re>4 ,:5 9 use1 ! drum1 a1 is plac$ 9 position1 ) its m\?1 c1 d[n & ov] ! grooves 9 ! c>ri]-block1 d4 ,projections1 e1 on ! out] edges ( ! grooves 9 ! block engage 9 ! out] extremities1 f1 ( ! radial arms1 b1 ( ! drum s z to cause ! latt] to rotate :5 ! crank is turn$2 & ! arms1 be>+ aga9/ ! c>tridges1 =ce !m along ! spirals t[>ds ! op5+ 9 ! drum1 :5ce !y are deliv]$ to ! grooves 9 ! c>ri]-block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4 ,! ,late/ ,improv$ ,fe$ 7,fig4 #ic7 has b a small surface expos$ to fire1 is *eap1 light1 & indep5d5t ( gravity1 s t x may be us$ at any angle4 ,long /rips 7,fig4 #ib7 ( t9 or any *eap flexible metal h tongues1 a1 pun*$ 9 !m1 "o end ( ! tongue be+ left atta*$ to ! /rip & ! o!r sep>at$4 ,^! tongues surr\nd ! c>tridge & hold x 9 place on ! /rip4 ,! small rectangul> slots1 b1 are pun*$ completely ?r\gh1 & 9 ^! slots fit ! rims ( ! c>tridge-cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4 ,a hopp] 7a1 ,fig4 #ic7 is h+$ to ! frame :i* supports ! gun j ov] ! c>ri]-block1 & has 9 x an op5+1 b1 ?r\gh :i* ! /rips1 ) ! c>tridges d[n1 are f$4 ,?is op5+ is n>r[ 9 front & wide 9 re> to prev5t ! c>tridge be+ introduc$ wrong end to ! front4 ,bel[ ! op5+1 b1 is a %elf1 c1 s %ap$ z to guide ! c>tridges & /rips into ! op5+4 ,above ! %elf is a flat spr+1 d1 :i* presses ! c>tridges d[n z !y pass ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,a w$ge1 e1 projects f ! opposite side ( ! hopp]1 &1 act+ on ea* c>tridge 9 turn1 =ces x out ( ! /rip1 ! tongues1 a1 b5d+ d[nw>d into ! recess provid$ = !m4 ,! c>ri]-block1 f1 is provid$ ) projections :i* act l ! tee? ( a :eel ^u ! c>tridges1 =c+ ! /rip to ! "r4 ,:5 9 use1 a /rip conta9+ c>tridges is pu%$ into ! op5+1 b1 ( ! hopp]4 ,! crank is rotat$ & ! /rip is =c$ to ! "r ?r\gh ! hopp]4 ,?is action br+s ea* c>tridge 9 succession aga9/ ! po9t ( ! w$ge1 e1 :i* =ces ! c>tridge out ( its hold on ! /rip by b5d+ d[nw>d ! tongues1 a1 & ! c>tridge is deposit$ 9 ! groove ( ! c>ri]-block1 ! empty /rip pass+ to ! "r4 ,be=e ,fir+ ! ,gun4--,! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be att5d$ to3 ,! adju/]-nut %\ld be at its prop] position1 viz41 ) ! m>ks 9 l9e ) ea* o!r4 ,! safety-cam 7cock+-swit*7 %\ld be set to fire arr[-head on knob po9t+ =w>d4 ,! %ell-guide %\ld be 9 its place & ! hopp] lock$ d[n4 ,nev] turn ! crank quickly :ile ! lock-plug is out4 ,see t ! safety-cam is turn$ out ( fir+ position :5 ! gun is be+ work$ )\t c>tridges4 ,precautions to be ,obs]v$4--7a7 ,nev] lay ! cov] ^u ! gr\nd1 z x is liable to pick up s& & dirt1 :i* may d]ange ! work+ ( ! p>ts4 7b7 ,a p>tially fill$ fe$-case %\ld n be put back into ! ammunition-*e/ )\t be+ fill$ up1 z ! c>tridges may become inv]t$ & jam ! gun4 7c7 ,if ! gun jams1 remove ! fe$-case at once1 op5 ! hopp]1 & rev]se ! crank until all ! c>tridges are tak5 out4 ,?is w be f\nd to save "t1 unless ! cause ( ! jamm+ is evid5t & 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! hopp]4 7d7 ,see t all ! p>ts are kept well oil$ to prev5t friction & sc\r+4 ,,! ,,c>riage1 ,,model #ahhc4 ,! c>riage is made ( metal2 ! axle ( /eel )\t any axle-body2 ! :eels are ( ! ,ar*ibald patt]n2 & ! trail ( two plates ( mild /eel1 re9=c$ on top & connect$ by five transoms4 ,a gunn]'s seat is h+$ to ! top ( ! trail4 ,! oscillat+-lev]1 :5 n 9 use1 is c>ri$ betwe5 ! trail-plates4 ,! elevat+-arc is held 9 place by a b9d+-screw1 & is work$ by a bronze h&le4 ,! field ( oscillation is limit$ by two /op-p9s 9 front ( ! swivel4 ,!y p]mit ( ab\t #ej ( lat]al movem5t1 & ! gun c be held at any po9t ( ?is arc by a b9d+-screw1 ! h&le ( :i* is on ! left *eek4 ,on ea* side ( ! gun1 & fa/5$ to ! axle1 is an ammunition-*e/ ( /eel = c>ry+ fe$-drums & c]ta9 tools4 ,^! *e/s are l9$ ) wood1 & runn+ ?r\gh ! middle1 sep>at+ ! comp>tm5ts = fe$-drums1 are blocks ( wood ) recesses 9 _! tops = ! foll[+ tools3 ,left ,*e/4 #a cam-extractor4 #a rivet+-hamm]4 #a oil-c4 #a screw-wr5*4 #a sight1 left4 ,"r ,*e/4 #a crank-h&le = gun4 #a drift4 #a lock screw-driv]4 #a ,t screw-driv]4 #a p9-wr5*4 #a sight1 "r4 ,! lids ( ^! *e/s are fa/5$ ) hasps & turnbuckles4 ,!y c be lock$ ) ! ord9>y padlock4 ,a wip+-rod ( brass is fa/5$ to ! "u side ( ! /ock4 ,,! ,,limb]4 ,! limb] is pr9cipally ( metal4 ,! axle & :eels are ! same z 9 ! c>riage4 ,! limb]-*e/ & lid are ( ,bessem] /eel re9=c$ by angle-irons4 ,! int]ior ( ! *e/ is divid$ by /eel plates into ?ree comp>tm5ts = c>ry+ ammunition4 ,! c5tre "o is subdivid$ by wood5 p>titions = c>ry+ fe$-drums4 ,! lid is fa/5$ 9 ! same mann] z ^? on ! axle-*e/s4 ,! foll[+ is ! capacity ( ! limb]-*e/3 ,"r & left comp>tm5ts1 #acb packages1 ea* ( #bj c>tridges #ebhj c>tridges #d fe$-drums ( #ajd c>tridges ea* #daf ,front c5tre comp>tm5t1 #ch packages ( #bj c>tridges ea* #gfj ,^! ) ! f\r fe$-drums 9 ! axle-*e/ #daf ---- ,w\ld give #fhgb ,weight ( piece #bcg lbs4 ,weight ( gun-c>riage ) *e/ & tools1 )\t fe$-cyl9d]s #eid ,weight ( limb] & *e/ #ged ammunition & *e/ #bcj "o :eel #ajf fe$-cyl9d] 7fill$7 #bd ,,! #j4de-;,,in* ,,gatl+ ,,gun ,,m\nt$ ,,on ,a ,,cavalry-,,c>t4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,piece4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,designation4 ,no4,lbs4,in*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,extreme l5g? ( piece #ce4e ,l5g? ( b>rel #ah ,l5g? ( bree*-cas+ #h4e ,l5g? ( fe$-case #bj4be ,c>tridges 9 ea* case #dj ,c>tridges 9 ea* *e/ #ifj ,gun 7weight7 #add ,total weight ( gun1 c>riage1 & implem5ts #ibe ,numb] ( b>rels #aj ,numb] ( horses to draw 7good roads7 #a ,numb] ( horses to draw 7bad roads7 #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,! #a-;,,in* ,,gatl+4 ,,description ,,( ,,piece4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,designation4 ,no4 ,lbs4,in*es4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,extreme l5g? ( piece #fh4ae ,l5g? ( b>rel #cc ,l5g? ( bree*-cas+ #ba4e ,l5g? ( fe$-case #ad4e ,c>tridges 9 ea* case #ab ,c>tridges 9 ea* ammunition-*e/ #dgb #cae ,total numb] ( r\nds = ea* gun #beib ,gun 7weight7 #ajjh ,total weight ( gun1 implem5ts1 c>riage1 & limb] #cbfc ,numb] ( b>rels #f ,numb] ( grooves #f ,dep? ( grooves #j4ja ,twi/3 "o turn 9 six feet4 ,prepond]ance #aaj ,numb] ( horses = ea* piece #f ,numb] ( horses = ea* caisson #f ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,= field s]vice ea* piece is accompani$ by "o caisson4 ,,nom5clature ,,( ,,! #j4de-;,,in* ,,gun 7#ahhc74 ,compon5ts4--,adju/able-screw nut2 b>rels 7#aj72 bree*-cas+2 bree*-cas+ screws 7#f72 bu%+s 7#aj72 c>tridge-c>ri]2 c>tridge-%ell ejector2 c>tridge-%ell ejector-screws 7#c72 c>tridge-%ell extractor-block2 c>tridge-%ell extractor-block screws 7#b72 cascable-plate2 cock+ device2 crank2 crank-lat*2 crank-%aft2 diaphragm2 d[el-p9s2 extractor-hooks 7#aj72 fir+-p9s 7#aj72 front cap2 ma9 %aft2 oscillat+-?read nut & wa%]2 re>-guide nut2 re> plate = b>rels2 re> sight2 worm2 worm-ge>2 re>-sight screws2 front plate = b>rels2 front sight2 front-sight screws2 gas-coll>2 gun-frame2 hopp]2 hopp]-h+e2 hopp]-h+e p92 hopp]-h+e screws 7#b72 hopp]-lat*2 hopp]-lat* screws2 lock-cyl9d]2 lock-cyl9d] screws 7#b72 lock-extractor2 lock-extractor screws2 lock-extractor sleeve2 lock-extractor sleeve-screws 7#b72 lock-ma9spr+s 7#aj72 lock-nuts 7#aj72 lock-tubes 7#aj72 spiral cam2 spiral-cam screws 7#b72 trunnions 7#b72 wa%] = front end ( ma9 %aft4 ,app5dages4--,adju/+ screw-wr5*2 brass wip+-rod2 clamp = worm-ge>2 fe$-cases1 /raight 7#dh72 lock screw-driv]2 p9-wr5*2 re>-guide nut-wr5*2 %ell-driv]2 small screw-driv]2 ,t screw-driv]4 ,! ,c>riage4--,%afts2 eye-bolts & /raps 7#f72 spl9t]-b>2 /ep2 h\nds2 assembl+-bolts2 prop2 foot-bo>d2 floor2 b$2 b$-plate2 clamp-screws 7#b72 ammunition-*e/s 7#b72 *e/-h&les 7#b72 lid2 lid-lat* 7#b72 corn]-plates2 angle-irons2 tool-box2 tool-box lat*2 tool-box /raps & h+es2 gu>d-plate2 l9*-p9s 7#b72 wa%]s 7#b74 ,,gatl+ ,,gun1 ,,%ort ,,b>rel1 ,,model #ahge4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,dism\nt+4 #a4 ,turn ! crank1 & z ea* m>k on ! re> b>rel-plate comes opposite ! m>k on ! front ( hopp] remove ! locks by means ( ! lock-plug4 #b4 ,remove screws & take (f ! cascable-plate4 #c4 ,remove screw f left end ( crank-%aft & take (f oscillat+-screw4 #d4 ,remove worm /eady-p9 by tapp+ ! small p9 until x is loose1 !n turn ! crank backw>ds & remove ) f+]s1 & take out ! crank-%aft1 worm1 & sleeve4 #e4 ,remove screw f re> end ( ma9 %aft & take (f worm-ge>4 #f4 ,remove ! adju/+-screw cov] & take out ! adju/+-screw & set-nut4 #g4 ,remove clamp-/op f elevat+ screw clamp & screw out ! clamp4 #h4 ,screw 9 ! elevat+-screw z f> z x w g1 !n lift ! elevat+-screw & its sleeve by ! h&le cle> ( its seat & out ( ! trav]s+ app>atus1 all[+ ! front end ( b>rels to drop d[n sl[ly z f> z !y w g1 & remove trav]s+ app>atus by slid+ to ! left4 #i4 ,remove screws & take (f bree*-cas+4 #aj4 ,take out h+e-p9 & remove hopp]4 #aa4 ,remove screws :i* secure lock-cam cyl9d] to bree*-cas+1 remove lock-cam cyl9d]1 & take out cock+-cam pi/on & spr+4 #ab4 ,take gr\p ( b>rels out ( frame 7"o man hold+ sleeve on front end ( ma9 %aft to prev5t dropp+7 & remove sleeve4 #ac4 ,take out screw f lock-cyl9d]1 back out /eady-p9 :i* holds re>-guide nut1 & remove ! nut4 7,! nut works on a left-h& ?read47 #ad4 ,take (f lock-cyl9d] & c>ri]-block4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+4 #a4 ,replace c>ri]-block & lock-cyl9d]4 #b4 ,replace re>-guide nut1 & put 9 /eady-p9 & lock-cyl9d] screw4 #c4 ,replace sleeve 7small end to ! front7 & place gr\p ( b>rels 9 frame4 #d4 ,replace cock+-cam pi/on & spr+1 place lock-cam cyl9d] 9 int]ior ( bree*-cas+1 & put 9 screws4 #e4 ,replace hopp] & put 9 h+e-p94 #f4 ,replace bree*-cas+ & put 9 screws4 #g4 ,replace trav]s+ app>atus2 place head ( elevat+-screw 9 its seat 9 trav]s+ app>atus1 & put elevat+-screw ) sleeve 9 place4 #h4 ,screw 9 elevat+-screw clamp z f> z x w g & put 9 clamp-screw4 #i4 ,replace adju/+-screw ) set-nut & put on cov]4 #aj4 ,replace worm-ge> & spl9e-screw4 #aa4 ,replace sleeve1 worm1 & crank-%aft1 & put /eady-p9 9 worm4 #ab4 ,replace oscillat+-screw & put screw 9 left end ( crank-%aft4 #ac4 ,replace cascable-plate & put 9 screws4 #ad4 ,replace locks accord+ to numb]s on front ( locks & re> b>rel-plate4 #ae4 ,replace lock-plugs4 ,,gatl+ ,,gun1 ,,long ,,b>rel1 ,,model #ahhc4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,dism\nt+4 #a4 ,remove h+e-p9 & take (f hopp]4 #b4 ,remove lock-plug by turn+ to ! "r & take out locks4 #c4 ,turn (f ! adju/]-knob by press+ d[n ! cat* & turn+ ! knob to ! left1 or press+ d[n ! cat* & turn+ ! crank 9 ! same direction z :5 fir+4 #d4 ,remove ! worm-cov]1 pull out ! crank-%aft split-p91 & remove wa%] f left end ( crank-%aft2 hold "o h& "u worm-cov] hole & draw out ! crank-%aft to ! "r4 ,9 ?is op]ation ! worm w fall ?r\gh ! worm-cov] hole1 & %\ld be caught 9 ! h&4 #e4 ,take (f ! cascable-plate4 ,to d ?is1 fir/ see t ! cock+-swit* is 9 ! fir+ position1 :i* is indicat$ by ! arr[ po9t+ =w>d4 ,!n turn out ! cascable-plate screw1 & turn ! plate to ! left until ! arr[s on ! plate & cas+ meet2 hold "o h& "u worm-cov] hole to receive worm-ge>1 & pull ! plate (f to ! re>4 #f4 ,take out ! lock-cam4 ,fir/ pull ! cock+-swit* outw>d1 turn+ x to ! "r until x snaps 9 ! not*1 ! arr[ po9t+ d[nw>d2 ! cam c n[ be pull$ out1 us+ ! cam-extractor1 or ! f+]s ( bo? h&s4 #g4 ,take out ! %ell-guide4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+4 #a4 ,put 9 ! %ell-guide4 #b4 ,put 9 ! lock-cam1 !n turn ! cock+-swit* s t ! arr[ po9ts =w>d4 #c4 ,put on ! cascable-plate4 ,be sure t ! ge> is inside ! worm-cov] hole1 & turn ! plate & ge> until ! grooves on ! latt] meet ! spl9es on ! ma9 %aft2 !n pu% ! plate into place1 & turn to ! "r until ! arr[s on plate & cas+ meet4 #d4 ,put 9 ! crank-%aft & worm 7c\nt]sunk-end ( ! latt] to ! "r7 & secure ) wa%] & split-p94 #e4 ,screw on ! adju/]-knob2 turn x up z f> z possible1 & !n back until l9es on cat* & rat*et meet4 #f4 ,put 9 locks z numb]$ on front ( locks & re> b>rel-plate1 & put 9 lock-plug4 #g4 ,put on hopp] & replace h+e-p94 ,,nom5clature ,,( ,,! #a-;,,in* ,,gun4 ,9 ,view4--,ma9 %aft1 ar\nd :i* ! b>rels are clu/]$2 front plate1 :i* supports ! front ( ! b>rels2 re> plate1 :i* supports ! re> end ( ! b>rels2 b>rels2 gun-frame2 trunnions2 gun-face2 front sight2 re> sight2 bree*-cas+2 bree*-cas+ screws2 cascable-plate2 hopp]2 ejector2 c>tridge-c>ri]2 crank2 elevat+-screw2 elevat+-screw box2 elevat+-screw b$2 elevat+-screw h&le2 wip+-rod 7brass72 eject+-rod 7iron72 lock2 lock-tube2 lock-hamm]2 lock-spr+2 fir+-p92 extractor4 ,)9 ! ,bree*-cas+4--,lock-cyl9d]2 re>-guide nut2 cock+-r+2 cock+-r+ clamp2 spiral cam2 diaphragm2 diaphragm-plug2 ge>-:eel2 p9ion2 re>-cam screw4 ,,to ,,take ,,! ,,gun ,,ap>t4 ,! piece is fir/ dism\nt$ & plac$ ) its cas+ re/+ on blocks4 ,m\nt+ & dism\nt+ are be/ accompli%$ by means ( a g94 ,9 case ( necessity1 x may be m\nt$ & dism\nt$ z a field-piece1 c>e be+ tak5 to place blocks ( wood to receive ! gun-frame & to prev5t injury to ! front sight1 or to ! b>rels4 ,! op]ations ( tak+ ap>t are execut$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a4 ,block up ! frame & b>rels4 #b4 ,remove ! hopp]4 #c4 ,remove ! cascable-plate4 #d4 ,take out ! /eady-p92 !n turn ! crank d[nw>ds & remove ! crank %aft 9 t position4 #e4 ,remove ! re> sight1 & take out ! l>ge ge>-:eel4 #f4 ,take out ! re> plug 9 ! diaphragm1 & !n g5tly revolve ! gun until a lock pres5ts itself on a l9e ) ! hole 9 ! diaphragm1 ?r\gh :i* "o lock aft] ano!r is tak5 out4 #g4 ,take out ! bree*-cas+ screws1 & remove ! cas+ by draw+ x (f to ! re>4 ,c>e is tak5 9 ?is op]ation to h ! lock-cyl9d] & gun support$1 s z to keep ! axis ( ! ma9 %aft p>allel to ! top ( ! frame4 ,?is is necess>y to prev5t ! re> end ( ! gun f dropp+ :5 ! cas+ is remov$4 #h4 ,remove ! p9 f ! l>ge nut on ! ma9 %aft 9 re> ( ! locks1 & take ?is nut (f by turn+ x to ! "r2 !n remove ! lock-cyl9d] & c>ri] f ! ma9 %aft4 ,! spiral cam ne$ n be tak5 out ( ! cas+ 9 ord] to take ! gun ap>t4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,gun4 #a4 ,put ! ma9 %aft 9 its place ?r\gh ! plates :i* hold ! b>rels1 & !n put 9 _! prop] places ! c>ri]1 lock-cyl9d]1 & l>ge re> nut4 ,! latt] %\ld be screw$ up tight & h ! tap]-p9 put ?r\gh ! nut & %aft4 #b4 ,place ! gun )9 ! frame1 & let ! front end ( ! ma9 %aft re/ 9 ! hole design$ = x 9 ! front ( ! frame4 ,:5 ! gun is 9 ?is position1 ! cock+-r+ %\ld be %ov$ ov] ! lock-cyl9d] & left = ! "t loosely ar\nd ! c>ri]4 #c4 ,let ! bree* ( ! gun be slightly rais$1 :5 ! bree*-cas+ c be %ov$ ov] ! lock-cyl9d] to its place2 !n screw ! cas+ to ! frame1 putt+1 9 ! meantime1 ! cock+-r+ 9 its prop] place4 ,revolve ! gun to ! "r or left s t ! places = ! locks w come on a l9e ) ! hole 9 ! diaphragm1 ?r\gh :i* "o lock at a "t c be ins]t$ 9 its prop] position2 aft]w>ds ! screw-plug %\ld be ins]t$ to close ! hole4 #d4 ,put on ! cog-:eels1 replace ! crank-%aft1 p9ion1 & /eady-p94 ,put on ! re> sight1 & screw on ! cascable-plate & hopp]1 & ! gun is ready to be m\nt$4 ,! piece is m\nt$ on a #c-;in* gun-c>riage wid5$ betwe5 ! *eeks to receive x4 ,! ammunition-*e/s are arrang$ = twelve trays4 ,= field s]vice ea* piece is accompani$ by "o caisson4 ,,! ,,g>dn] ,,gun 7,,cal4 #j4de74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4 ,weight ( gun #adb lbs4 & c>riage #ejb ,%ots p] m9ute #ceg ,?is gun consi/s ( two bree*-load+ rifl$ b>rels1 a 7,fig4 #ie71 7*amb]$ at ! re> to admit a flang$ c5tre-fire metallic c>tridge71 hav+ _! axes 9 ! same horizontal plane enclos$ & support$ 9 a bronze cas+4 ,! two op5+s 9 ! front "p ( ?is cas+ are = ! circulation ( air to keep ! b>rels cool4 ,! b>rels are )\t motion1 & are load$ & fir$ by ! action ( ! bree* me*anism1 :i* is conta9$ 9 ! rectangul> re> "p ( ! cas+4 ,?is is clos$ at ! top by a h+$ cov]1 c1 :i* is firmly lock$ 9 position by screw+ up ! cascable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4 a4 b>rels4 b4 cas+4 c4 bree*-cov]4 d4 locks4 e e4 cams4 f4 ejectors4 g4 fe$4 h4 ma9 spr+-compressor4 i4 cock+-cam4 j4 cock+-lev]4 l4 fe$-valve lev]4 v4 fe$-valve4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,motion is giv5 to all ! p>ts by ! cams 7a1 ,fig4 #if71 :i* are atta*$ to ! ?ree /eel disks1 b1 at opposite extremities ( a diamet]1 & ! :ole is rotat$ ar\nd an axis1 c1 by means ( a crank1 d4 ,! p>ts abc =m ! ma9 crank1 :i* is support$ 9 j\rnal-boxes t are lock$ into ! body ( ! re> case z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4 ,! ,lock 7,fig4 #ig7 9 =m resembles ! lett] ,u1 hav+ an ext5sion f its side :i* conta9s ! fir+-p91 h2 ! ma9spr+1 i1 ^: ends abut aga9/ ! coll>1 k1 on ! fir+-p91 & ! sector-sleeve1 l1 :i* slides ov] ! fir+-p92 ! sector or spr+-compressor1 n2 ! extractor1 b2 ! se>1 e2 & ! se>-spr+1 j4 ,! ,u "p ( ! lock1 t works "u & ar\nd ! cam1 is curv$ at ! inn] front to correspond ) ! out] circle ( ! cam1 ! (fice ( ! curv$ front be+ to hold ! lock 9 position = fir+4 ,! circul> fir+-p9 is flatt5$ a portion ( its l5g? ne> ! front end1 to all[ x to pass "u ! extractor1 by :i* x is held 9 position4 ,x ext5ds f ! head ( ! lock ?r\gh ! ma9spr+ & sector-sleeve1 t]m9at+ 9 a head1 m1 = lock+ into ! se>4 ,! se>1 e1 pivot$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! lock1 holds ! fir+-p9 securely1 & prev5ts x f t\*+ ! c>tridge until x is releas$ f its hold by ! action ( ! cam1 :5 ! lock is 9 its extreme =w>d position4 ,! sector or spr+-compressor1 n1 h+$ 9 a recess ( ! lock1 & engag+1 by means ( ge>-tee?1 ) ! sector-sleeve1 l1 has its arm1 g1 =c$ aga9/ ! safety-/op1 o1 z ! cam advances1 ?us compress+1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! sector-sleeve1 ! ma9spr+1 & hold+ x t5se until releas$ by action ( ! se>4 ,! lock-heads s]ve z bree*-plugs1 & receive ! recoil :5 ! c>tridges are fir$4 ,ea* lock c>ries a hook$ extractor :i* rides ov] & cat*es ! flange ( ! c>tridge1 :5 ! lock is =c$ =w>d1 & :5 ! lock retreats )draws ! empty %ell until x comes )9 rea* ( ! ejector1 by :i* x is positively ?r[n out4 ,! ejectors1 ff1 h+$ to ! case1 are driv5 by projections on ! sides ( ! locks :i* give !m positive movem5ts to eject ! empty %ells4 ,! ,fe$1 resembl+ ! ,bruce fe$ b )\t ! :eel1 is fix$ to ! cas+ 9 re> ( ! b>rels4 ,bel[ ! fe$-guide ! cas+ has two holes = ! passage ( c>tridges1 & bel[ ! holes is ! fe$-valve1 :i* slides at "r angles to ! b>rels :5 driv5 by ! =k$-%ap$ lev] :i* receives its motion f ! bolts z !y move =w>d4 ,,obs]vations4 #a4 ,if ! crank be turn$ be=e ! fe$+ ( ! c>tridges is comm5c$1 ! fir/ few w fall irregul>ly & *eck ! work+ ( ! gun4 #b4 ,be c>eful to reclamp firmly ! swivel & po9t+-lev] aft] po9t+4 #c4 ,to oscillate ! gun )\t *ang+ ! elevation1 unclamp ! swivel & turn ! gun back & =? f "r to left by means ( ! po9t+-lev]1 regulat+ ! amplitude ( ! vibration by ! oscillation-/op head4 #d4 ,:5 ! fir+ is discont9u$1 turn ! safety-crank d[nw>ds & to ! front1 until ! crank-/op drops into its front recess 9 ! cas+4 #e4 ,?is gun may be fir$ by turn+ ! crank backw>d4 ,,nom5clature ,,( ,,! ,,gun4 ,9 & ab\t ! ,cas+4--,lock 7lock-frame2 lock-frame heads2 lock-frame truck2 lock+-lev]2 lock+-lev] p9s2 lock+-lev] /op-p9s2 fir+-p92 fir+-p9 rack2 ma9spr+2 se>2 se>-p92 se>-spr+2 se>-spr+ p92 extractor72 cas+ 7body72 cas+ 7cov]72 cascable2 cascable-screw2 re> sight & p9ion2 re>-sight guide2 lock-cam2 lock-cam recoil-plates2 lock-cam j\rnal-boxes2 p]=at$ plate2 p]=at$ plate c>tridge-support2 %ell-/>t]2 cock+-cam2 cock+-cam screws2 h&-crank2 h&-crank p92 h&-crank h&le2 ejector2 ejector-p9s2 lock-guide2 c>tridge-guide2 fe$-valve2 fe$-valve slide2 fe$-valve seat2 fe$-valve lev]2 fe$-valve lev]-screw2 fe$-valve lev]-slide2 fe$-guide2 fe$-guide cat*2 fe$-guide c>tridge-/op2 front sight2 ma9spr+-compressor2 lev] & compressor locks2 compressor-guide2 safety-crank2 safety-crank /op2 safety-crank /op-spr+2 safety-crank %aft1 safety-crank %aft-lev] & p9s2 front-sight spr+2 b>rels2 front b>rel-plate2 front b>rel-plate p92 re> b>rel-plate2 re> b>rel-plate p94 ,ab\t ! ,c>riage4--,swivel 7! brass ca/+ connect+ cas+ & c>riage72 swivel & cas+ pivot-p9s1 r+1 *a91 & lock-p92 swivel-clamp2 swivel-clamp screw1 gunn]'s seat2 swivel-clamp screw-coll>2 swivel & c>riage pivot-bolt locks2 swivel & c>riage pivot-bolt lock-lev]2 swivel & c>riage pivot-bolt lock-lev] r+ & *a92 elevat+ & po9t+-lev]2 po9t+-lev] pivot-p9 r+ *a9 & lock-p9s2 po9t+-lev] clamp1 lock-*a92 po9t+-lev] clamp-screw2 oscillation-/op1 trail h&spikes1 oscillation-/op trav]s+-screw2 oscillation-/op limit-screw4 ,implem5ts1 etc4--,wip+-rod2 ,t screw-driv]2 lock-wr5*2 headless %ell-extractor2 pack+-case2 %ell-driv]2 hamm]2 drifts2 bree*-cas+ cov] 7lea!r74 ,,! ,,c>riage4 ,! di/9ctive feature ( ! c>riage is ! arrangem5t = oscillation1 ! lat]al movem5t be+ regulat$ by a clamp1 :i* compresses1 or all[s to exp&1 a metallic r+ conc5tric ) ! pivot ar\nd :i* ! gun moves4 ,! lev] = elevat+ or depress+1 z well z giv+ ! oscillation1 is peculi> to ?is gun4 ,,! ,,limb]4 ,! limb]-*e/ is op5$ 9 re> by a lid1 :i* falls d[n1 & is held 9 place by jo9t$ braces1 !reby s]v+ z a %elf4 ,:5 d[n1 x exposes a s]ies ( draw]s six 9 numb]1 & two recesses = implem5ts4 ,9 ^! draw]s ! ammunition is c>ri$ 9 ! orig9al pa/ebo>d packages4 ,ea* draw] has a capacity = #de packages or #ijj r\nds1 ?us giv+ to ea* limb] #edjj r\nds4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,dism\nt+4 #a4 ,unscrew ! cascable & raise ! bree*-cov]4 #b4 ,remove ! locks4 ,to d ?is1 turn ! crank until "o ( ! lock-cam recoil-plates is upp]mo/2 rotate ! correspond+ lock ab\t ! recoil-plate until x is v]tical1 & draw x out at front4 ,! o!r lock may be remov$ 9 ! same mann]4 #c4 ,remove ! ejectors directly by _! p9s4 #d4 ,remove ! lock-cam1 rais+ x v]tically by means ( its j\rnal-boxes4 #e4 ,turn out ! fe$-valve & valve-lev] screws1 & remove valve1 valve-slide1 lev]1 & lev]-slide4 #f4 ,drive out ! safety-crank p91 & remove crank4 #g4 ,drive out ! safety-crank %aft & remove ! spl9e4 ,,to ,,dism\nt ,,! ,,lock4 #a4 ,drive out ! extractor-p91 & remove ! extractor4 #b4 ,unscrew ! lock-head by means ( ! lock-wr5*4 #c4 ,uncock by press+ on ! se>1 & turn ! cock+-lev] to ! re>2 drive out ! cock+-lev] p91 & remove ! lev]4 #d4 ,draw out ! fir+ p91 remove ! rack1 & unscrew ! ma9spr+4 #e4 ,drive out ! se>-spr+ p91 & remove ! spr+4 #f4 ,drive out ! se>-spr+1 & remove ! se>4 #g4 ,drive out ! truck-p91 & remove ! truck4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+4 #a4 ,put 9 safety-crank %aft & spl9e4 #b4 ,put 9 safety-crank & crank-p94 #c4 ,replace ! fe$-valve1 valve-slide1 lev]1 & lev]-slide1 & ! fe$-valve & valve-lev] screws4 #d4 ,replace ! lock-cam1 l[]+ x v]tically into place by its j\rnal-boxes1 ) ! oil-holes 9 j\rnal-boxes on top4 #e4 ,replace ! ejectors4 #f4 ,replace ! locks4 ,= ?is purpose ea* ( ! lock-cam recoil-plates mu/ be upp]mo/1 9 succession4 #g4 ,l[] ! bree*-cov] & screw up ! cascable4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,lock4 #a4 ,replace ! truck & drive 9 ! truck-p94 #b4 ,replace ! se> & p94 #c4 ,replace ! se>-spr+ & p94 #d4 ,screw on ! ma9spr+1 replace ! rack ) not* t[>ds head ( fir+-p94 #e4 ,replace cock+-lev] ) its front too? 9 front space on rack1 put 9 lev]-p91 & cock by turn+ cock+-lev] to ! front4 #f4 ,turn ! fir+-p9 s t its flat is p>allel ) ! extractor-slot1 & screw on ! lock-head by means ( ! lock-wr5*4 #g4 ,replace ! extractor & extractor-p94 ,,! ,,maxim ,,automatic ,,ma*9e-,,gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4 ,weight #ej lbs4 ,calibre ,small arms ammunition ,rapidity ( fire #fjj to #fej %ots p] m9ute ,! gun consi/s ( two p>ts1 viz41 ! recoil+ & non-recoil+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4 ,! ,recoil+ ,"p is ! b>rel & its ext5sion4 ,! b>rel is an ord9>y rifle b>rel ) a bree*-sleeve to :i* is secur$ ! ext5sion4 ,! ext5sion ( ! b>rel consi/s ( two v]tical /eel plates1 betwe5 :i* ! lock & ! ge> connect$ !re) op]ate on guides & be>+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4 ,! ,lock be>s a v]tically slid+ piece1 ,d 7call$ ! c>ri]71 on its =e end1 & does n diff] mat]ially f t ( an ord9>y pi/ol4 ,x is secur$ by a divid$ screw to ! connect+-rod1 ,b1 ( a crank1 ,e1 ! %aft ( :i* passes ?r\gh ! plates4 ,!re is also a h&le to ! %aft on ! "r side ( ! gun outside1 & a curv$ arm to ! crank4 ,! ,trigg]1 ,f1 imm$iately 9 re> ( ! ma9spr+1 ,m1 is actuat$ by ! rod1 ,s1 :i* is op]at$ by ! lev]1 ,l1 hav+ at its upp] end a d\ble button4 ,press+ ?is button draws back ! rod & releases ! hamm]1 ,g1 & fir+-p91 ,h4 ,9 re> ( ! gun is a cat*1 :i* :5 d[n prev5ts ! lev] be+ press$ =w>d4 ,! ,non-recoil+ ,portion consi/s ( ! gun-case & ! wat]-jacket4 ,?is portion is m\nt$ on trunnions1 & has atta*$ trav]s+1 elevat+1 & depress+ ge>1 & is provid$ ) h&les & sights = aim+ & ! d\ble button = fir+4 ,on ! "r side ( ! gun-case is a solidly atta*$ resi/ance-piece1 ,c4 ,! curv$ crank-arm1 ,a1 is at a small di/ance f x :5 ! gun is 9 a fir+ position1 to avoid escape ( gas to ! re> & f\l+ ( ! *amb]4 ,on ! left side ( ! gun-case is a /rong spiral spr+ ! re> end ( :i* is connect$1 by a *a9 & fusee1 ) ! crank %aft1 & ! =e end is connect$ to ! gun-case by means ( ! spr+-case2 ?is spiral spr+ is to br+ back ! b>rel aft] ! recoil & to "w ! crank2 ! work+ /r5g? ( ! spr+ c be adju/$ by means ( ! screw at ! =e end4 ,! wat]-jacket surr\nds ! b>rel & is fitt$ ) ?ree op5+s1 "o = receiv+ ! wat]1 "o = draw+ x (f1 & ! ?ird = lett+ (f ! /eam2 ! fir/ two are clos$ by screw-plugs1 ! ?ird is always op54 ,bo? ends ( ! wat]-jacket are fitt$ ) /uff+-boxes & gl&s2 ^! guide ! b>rel & prev5t ! escape ( wat]4 ,9 ! fe$-box1 on top ( ! gun1 are two movable pawls & two /ation>y ones4 ,! movable pawls are connect$ by a lev] to ! b>rel & are s adju/$ t ! b>rel on recoil+ moves !m f left to "r2 by means ( a spr+ !y engage beh9d ! next c>tridge 9 ! belt1 & ?us ! c>tridges move on automatically t[>ds ! *amb]2 :5 ! b>rel returns aft] ! recoil1 ! pawls place ! c>tridge1 /ill 9 ! belt1 imm$iately above ! *amb]4 ,,op]ation ,,( ,,! ,,me*anism4 ,cock+ ! ,lock4--,z ! lock is br\ght away f ! bree*1 by ! action ( ! crank1 ! connect+-rod ?r[s d[n ! hamm]1 !reby pull+ back ! fir+-p9 & compress+ ! ma9spr+1 :i* causes ! %ort arm ( ! trigg] to engage "u ! lug ( ! hamm]1 & ?us ! lock is cock$ & _c act until ! trigg] is pull$ cle> ( ! lug on ! hamm]4 ,! safety-se>1 ,v1 press$ d[n by a small spr+1 engages 9 ! upp] "p ( ! fir+-p9 z x is drawn back by ! action ( ! hamm]2 ! fir+-p9 _c move =w>d until ?is se> is rais$2 ?is is done by ! connect+-rod1 aft] x rises above ! horizontal1 !reby securely clos+ ! bree* ) ! lock4 ,op]ation 9 ,fir+4--,9 />t+ ! gun ! bree* me*anism is op]at$ by h& to ins]t ! fir/ c>tridge 9 ! b>rel4 ,! gun is !n fir$ by press+ ! fir+-button4 ,on ! explosion ( ! c>tridge ! b>rel & ! ge> connect$ !re) recoil ab\t ! di/ance ( "o in*4 ,dur+ ! recoil ! crank-arm comes 9 contact ) ! resi/ance-piece1 ,k1 & ?r[s ov] ! crank1 br++ ! end ( ! crank-h&le onto ! spr+-buff]4 ,! curve on ! crank-arm is s arrang$ t ! crank gets an accel]at$ movem5t by :i* ! lock is ?r[n back cle> ( ! bree* & f> en\gh = ! c>ri] to extract ! empty case f ! *amb] & a c>tridge f ! belt4 ,! turn+ ( ! crank w9ds ! *a9 atta*$ to ! spiral spr+ r\nd ! fusee1 ?us ext5d+ ! spr+4 ,z ! lock goes backw>ds ! c>ri] is press$ d[n by its spr+1 & :5 9 its l[e/ position ! new c>tridge is opposite ! b>rel & ! empty case opposite ! eject+-tube4 ,! action ( ! spiral spr+ n[ br+s back ! b>rel & its ext5sion to _! normal position2 x also unw9ds ! *a9 f ! fusee1 ?us turn+ ! crank to its normal position1 :i* ?r[s ! lock =w>d2 z ! lock moves =w>d x pu%es ! new c>tridge into ! b>rel & ! empty case into ! eject+-tube1 ,q4 ,dur+ ! la/ "o sixte5? ( an in* ( ! =w>d travel ( ! lock ! c>ri] is rais$ by ! c>ri]-lev]s1 :i* are actuat$ by ! lugs on ! =e end ( ! connect+-rod1 & :5 x arrives at its highe/ position x is held by a spr+4 ,,c>ry+ ,,ammunition4 ,belts1 ea* hold+ #cej r\nds1 are c>ri$ 9 boxes = :i* !re are receptacles on ! diff]5t c>riages4 ,f f\r to six belts may be c>ri$ ) ea* gun4 ,9 prep>+ ! belts ! c>tridges are pu%$ 9 until ab\t in* ( ! brass case ( ! c>tridge comes ?r\gh ! belt1 or until ! ends ( ! bullets come 9 l9e ) ! ends ( ! project+ brass /rips4 ,,to ,,load ,,& ,,fire4 ,pass ! end ( ! belt ?r\gh ! fe$-box f "r to left1 seize x z x comes ?r\gh ) ! left h&1 & turn ! crank-h&le =w>d ) ! "r h& z f> z ! spr+-buff]2 hold x 9 t position until ! belt has be5 pull$ ?r\gh z f> z x w g1 & !n let ! crank-h&le return to ! fir+ position ( its own accord4 ,repeat ! op]ation j describ$4 ,n[ press ! d\ble button & fir+ comm5ces4 ,to unload1 x is only necess>y to move ! crank-h&le =w>d twice & !n press ! spr+ und]nea? ! fe$-box1 :i* w cause ! pawls to dis5gage f ! belt1 & draw out ! belt f left to "r4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,gun4 ,be=e us+ ! gun fill ! wat]-jacket ?r\gh ! hole ne> its end4 ,x holds ab\t #b qu>ts4 ,a wat]-bag1 hold+ two gallons1 is usually c>ri$ on ! l[] ammunition-box "u ! axle ( ! gun-c>riage4 ,oil ?or\ghly ! pack+ 9 ! /uff+-boxes & see t ! b>rel goes close home =w>d4 ,:5 ! fir+ is complet$1 clean ! work+ p>ts & oil slightly1 & draw (f wat] f ! wat]-jacket4 ,two locks are provid$ ) ea* gun4 ,,c>riages4 ,a tripod weigh+ #dg lbs4 = m\nta9 s]vice4 ,?is is sometimes fitt$ ) an axle & two light :eels1 & is provid$ ) a light limb]1 ! long leg ( ! tripod =m+ ! trail4 ,a cavalry-c>riage weigh+ complete #aaae lbs4 ,an infantry-c>riage weigh+ complete #fda lbs4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,dism\nt+4 #a4 ,press ! spr+-cat* & op5 ! cov]4 #b4 ,remove ! fe$-box by lift+ x up out ( ! gun-frame4 #c4 ,remove ! lock2 to d ?is1 turn ! crank-h&le1 :i* br+s back ! lock f ! b>rel1 & dis5gage x f ! guides2 n[ let ! crank-h&le g sl[ly backw>ds & at ! same "t lift ! lock upw>ds2 ! lock w rise1 & :5 9 ?is position "o eigh? ( a turn w deta* its divid$ screw f ! ?reads on ! connect+-rod1 :5 x c be lift$ out4 #d4 ,press ! spr+-box =w>d & lift ! ?ree lugs out ( _! respective p9s1 !n dis5gage ! spr+ f ! *a9 & remove ! box ) ! spr+4 #e4 ,drive out ! p91 & remove ! d\ble-button lev] ) ! spr+ & cup4 #f4 ,drive out ! h&le-block p92 />t ! h&le-block by slight bl[s ) a mallet or piece ( wood f b5ea?1 lift x out ( ! gun-frame1 & remove ! rod4 #g4 ,remove ! two small slides by slid+ !m back out ( ! gun-frame4 #h4 ,draw ! recoil+-frame ) b>rel out f ! gun-frame & wat]-jacket4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+4 #a4 ,replace ! b>rel & recoil+-frame4 #b4 ,replace ! two small slides4 #c4 ,replace ! rod & put ! h&le-block 9 ! gun-frame2 see t ! rod ent]s its seat 9 ! h&le-block be=e driv+ ! block home1 & put 9 ! p94 #d4 ,engage ! d\ble-button lev] ) ! rod1 & replace ! lev]1 spr+1 & cup1 & put 9 ! p94 #e4 ,engage ! spr+ ) ! *a9 n w\nd ar\nd ! fusee & replace ! spr+-box4 #f4 ,replace ! lock by screw+ x into ! connect+-rod until ! two %\ld]s meet1 !n turn ! crank-h&le =w>d1 guide lock into its guides1 & let ! crank-h&le g sl[ly back to its place4 #g4 ,replace ! fe$-box1 ) ! /ud 9 its seat1 9 ! recoil-frame4 #h4 ,close ! cov] by press+ ! spr+-cat*4 ,,to ,,dism\nt ,,! ,,lock4 7,see ,fig4 #aja47 ,all p9s ent] f "r to left4 ,9 driv+ out a p9 see t ! side ( ! lock r\nd ! p9 is well support$4 ,see t ! c>ri] is 9 its highe/ position2 !n release ! ma9spr+ by lift+ ! safety-se> & pull+ ! trigg]4 #a4 ,take out ! p9 7#a7 :i* secures ! ma9spr+ & ! clip :i* keeps ! c>ri]-lev]s 9 _! places4 ,remove ! ma9spr+1 clip1 & c>ri]-lev]s4 #b4 ,take out ! p9 7#b7 t secures ! se>4 ,remove ! se>4 #c4 ,drift out ! p9 7#c7 t secures ! hamm]4 ,remove ! hamm]4 #d4 ,drift out ! tap]$ p9 7#d7 t secures ! safety-se>4 ,remove ! safety-se> & ! fir+-p94 #e4 ,take out ! p9 7#e7 t secures ! piece :i* regulates ! d[nw>d position ( ! c>ri] & keeps ! c>ri] 9 its place4 ,remove piece & c>ri]4 #f4 ,remove ! cov] 7#f7 at ! back ( ! c>ri] & take out ! upp] piece & spr+2 ! l[] piece is rivet$ onto ! c>ri]4 ,,to ,,m\nt ,,! ,,lock4 #a4 ,put ! upp] piece & spr+ into _! place 9 ! face ( ! c>ri] & slide on ! cov] 7#f74 #b4 ,place ! c>ri] 9 its grooves1 put 9 ! piece :i* holds ! c>ri] 9 its place1 & drive 9 ! p9 7#e7 :i* secures ! piece4 #c4 ,put 9 ! safety-se> & ! fir+-p92 drive 9 ! tap]$ p9 7#d7 t secures ! safety-se>4 #d4 ,put 9 ! hamm]1 tak+ c>e t its po9t ent]s ! slot 9 ! fir+-p94 ,drive 9 ! p9 7#c7 t secures ! hamm]4 ,:5 ! p9 7#c7 is 9 place1 upset ! po9t slightly by a few bl[s ( a small hamm]4 #e4 ,put 9 ! se> & ! p9 7#b7 :i* secures x4 #f4 ,place ! c>ri]-lev]s 9 _! places2 put 9 ! ma9spr+1 tak+ c>e its po9t ent]s ! slot 9 ! fir+-p92 put on ! clip & drive 9 ! p9 7#a7 :i* secures ! ma9spr+ & clip4 ,,note4--,!re may be a little difficulty 9 ent]+ ! p9 7#a71 b a special tool is suppli$1 :i*1 be+ ent]$ f left to "r1 w hold ! clip & ma9spr+ 9 _! places1 & !n ! p9 7#a7 c be driv5 home f "r to left1 :i*1 9 its passage ?r\gh ! hole1 w remove ! tool4 ,,metallic ,,c>riage ,,= ,,ma*9e ,,guns4 ,?is c>riage1 manufactur$ by ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 is design$ = any ma*9e-gun2 ea* k9d ( gun to be provid$ ) its own m\nt adapt$ to ! c>riage1 :i* is made ( /eel4 ,! design includes a sph]ical %ield above & a plane apron bel[ ! axle = ! protection ( ! cannone]s4 ,! apron is h+$ to ! axle & is fold$ up & key$ to ! "u side ( ! trail :5 n 9 action4 ,! sph]ical %ield c be remov$ if desir$4 ,! body is ! axle1 & x & "p ( ! trail make a *e/ = ammunition 9 :i* #abjj 4#de-;calibre c>tridges1 pack$ 9 pap] boxes1 c be c>ri$4 ,two doors1 "r & left ( trail1 on inn] side1 give access to ! c>tridge-space 9 ! body1 & a door on top ( ! upp] end ( trail to ! c>tridge-space 9 ! trail1 ! two p>ts be+ cont9u\s4 ,l[] d[n 9 ! trail is a tool-box to :i* ! trail-seat1 :5 rais$1 gives access4 ,! top ( ! c>riage makes a conv5i5t table = tools1 fe$-guides1 & ammunition :5 9 action4 ,! %ield ) ap]ture & disks are s comb9$ t ! gun c be readily po9t$ )\t exposure4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,!oretical ,gunn]y4 ,def9itions4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples4 ,probability ( ,fire4 ,bur/ ( ,%ell4 ,bur/ ( ,%rapnel4 ,,def9itions4 ,,int]ior ,,balli/ics4 ,int]ior ,balli/ics4--,! effects produc$ on a projectile 9 ! bore ( a gun1 & on ! gun1 :5 subject$ to ! action ( ! products ( combu/ion ( gunp[d] or o!r explosives4 ,gunp[d] ,explosion is ! rapid conv]sion ( gunp[d] into gases & solids ) evolution ( heat4 ,ignition is ! rais+ ( ! temp]ature ( "s po9t ( a gra9 ( p[d] to #cjj ,c4 ,inflammation is ! spread ( ! ignition f po9t to po9t on ! surface ( ! gra9 or mass4 ,combu/ion is ! burn+ ( ! gra9 f ! ignit$ surface1 inw>d or outw>d1 z ! case may be4 ,d5sity is ! ratio ( ! weight ( a gra9 ( gunp[d] to t ( an equal volume ( wat] "u /&>d conditions4 ,x v>ies f #a4fh to #a4ij1 r>ely exce$+ #a4he4 ,gravimetric ,d5sity is ! ratio ( a giv5 volume ( p[d] to t ( an equal volume ( wat] "u /&>d conditions4 ,d5sity ( ,load+ is ! ratio ( ! weight ( a *>ge ( gunp[d] to ! weight1 "u /&>d conditions1 ( ! volume ( wat] t w\ld fill ! p[d]-*amb]4 ,its value is #bg4fh ,w_/,c1 9 :i* ,w is ! weight ( ! *>ge 9 p\nds1 & ,c ! volume ( ! *amb] 9 cubic in*es4 ,initial ,air-space is ! portion ( ! *amb] 9 a load$ gun or %ell unoccupi$ by solid matt] be=e fir+4 ,! ,r$uc$ ,l5g? ( any volume 9 ! bore ( a gun is ! height ( a "r cyl9d] ( ! same volume1 b ) a diamet] equal to ! calibre ( ! gun4 ,an ,adiabatic ,trans=mation is a *ange t takes place 9 ! /ate ( a gas )9 an envelope imp]meable to heat1 or :i* occurs 9 su* a %ort space ( "t t no heat is receiv$ or lo/ by x4 ,detonation is exce$+ly quick explosion4 ,sl[ ,p[d]s are ^? :i* are n entirely burn$ :5 ! projectile leaves ! muzzle4 ,velocity ( ,emission is ! ratio ( ! am\nt ( a unit weight ( p[d]1 burn$ 9 air 9 a small increm5t ( "t1 to ! "t itself4 ,! ,sectional ,d5sity is equal to ! weight ( ! projectile divid$ by ! squ>e ( its diamet]4 ,sph]ical ,d5sity is ! ratio ( ! weight ( ! projectile to t ( a sph]e ^: radius is equal to t ( ! "r section ( ! projectile4 ,simil> ,guns4--,two guns are simil> :5 all _! homolog\s l9eal dim5sions are proportional to _! calibre4 ,simil>ly ,load$4--,:5 ! weight ( *>ge & projectile are proportional to ! cube ( ! calibre1 & ! gra9s ( p[d] are alike 9 =m & composition1 ) dim5sions proportional to ! calibre4 ,,ext]ior ,,balli/ics4 ,ext]ior ,balli/ics treats ( ! motion ( a projectile 9 air aft] x has left ! piece4 ,trajectory4--,! curve describ$ by ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! projectile dur+ its passage ?r\gh ! air4 7,figs4 #ajb & #ajc47 ,l9e ( ,fire4--,! prolongation ( ! axis ( ! piece4 ,plane ( ,fire4--,! v]tical plane conta9+ ! l9e ( fire4 ,l9e ( ,sight4--,! /raight l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! sights & ! po9t aim$ at4 7,figs4 #ajb & #ajc47 ,plane ( ,sight4--,! v]tical plane conta9+ ! l9e ( sight4 ,angle ( ,sight4--,! angle made by ! l9e ( sight ) ! horizontal4 7s 9 ,fig4 #ajb47 ,l9e ( ,dep>ture4--,! l9e 9 :i* ! projectile is mov+ :5 x leaves ! gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,elevation4 ,,fig4 #ajb4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan4 ,,fig4 #ajc4 ,angle ( ,dep>ture4--,! angle made by ! l9e ( dep>ture ) ! horizontal4 7d 9 ,fig4 #ajb47 ,angle ( ,elevation4--,! angle made by ! axis ( ! piece ) ! horizontal4 7q 9 ,fig4 #ajb47 ,! ,jump4--,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! angle ( elevation & ! angle ( dep>ture1 ow+ to ! movem5t ( ! gun at dis*>ge4 7j 9 ,fig4 #ajb47 7,! jump ( #c4b 94 & #c4f 94 guns v>ies f #bj m9utes at #a degree to #cj m9utes at #aj degrees elevation47 ,initial ,velocity4--,! velocity ( ! projectile at ! muzzle4 ,rema9+ ,velocity4--,! velocity at any po9t ( ! trajectory4 ,f9al ,velocity4--,! velocity at ! end ( ! range4 ,range4--,! horizontal di/ance f ! muzzle to ! po9t :]e ! projectile /rikes4 ,drift4--,! dep>ture ( ! projectile f ! plane ( fire4 ,) guns hav+ a "r-h&$ twi/ x is to ! "r1 & its ext5t v>ies ne>ly z ! squ>e ( ! range4 ,direct ,fire is f guns ) s]vice *>ges at all angles ( elevation n exce$+ #ae4 ,indirect or ,curv$ ,fire is f guns ) less ?an s]vice *>ges1 & f h[itz]s & mort>s1 at all angles ( elevation n exce$+ #ae4 ,high-angle ,fire is f guns1 h[itz]s1 & mort>s1 at all angles exce$+ #ae4 ,front or ,frontal ,fire is t :i* is direct$ p]p5dicul>ly1 or ne>ly s1 to ! g5]al l9e ( troops fir$ at4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4 ,oblique ,fire is t :i* is direct$ obliquely to ! l9e fir$ at2 x is m se>*+ ?an front fire4 ,enfilade ,fire is t :i* rakes ! enemy's l9e ( troops1 ! gun be+ on ! prolongation ( ! l9e4 ,x is ! mo/ effective fire4 ,flank+ ,fire is "o direct$ along ! front (1 or ne>ly p>allel to1 ! l9e to be flank$ or def5d$4 ,rev]se ,fire is :5 ! object is fir$ at f ! re>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje4 ,cross-fire is :]e ! projectiles f guns 9 diff]5t positions cross "o ano!r at a p>ticul> po9t ( gr\nd4 7,see ,fig4 #aje = ^! cases47 ,,probability ,,( ,,fire4 ,absolute c]ta9ty ( hitt+ ! same spot at ea* r\nd is impossible ( atta9m5t2 & accuracy ( fire is !re=e a comp>ative t]m4 ,! ,probability ( ,fire measures ! *ance ( hitt+ a giv5 t>get4 ,x is det]m9$ = any gun by fir+ a c]ta9 numb] ( %ot at a giv5 range1 measur+ c>efully ! ranges & divid+ ! sum by ! numb] ( %ots1 :i* gives ! mean range4 ,subtract ea* range f ?is mean range ?us obta9$1 & ! results obta9$ w be ! errors 9 range = ea* %ot4 ,add ^! errors toge!r & divide _! sum by ! numb] ( %ots1 & ?is w give ! mean error 9 range4 ,multiply ?is mean error by #a4fi1 & ! product w be ! dep? 9 ! direction ( ! range ( a belt or zone :i* w probably conta9 "o half ! :ole numb] ( %ots fir$4 ,9 ! same way ! wid? ( ! probable zone1 lat]ally1 may be obta9$1 & also ! height ( ! probable zone v]tically4 ,! orig9 ( ref]5ce = ! po9ts ( impact ( ! %ots 9 ! la/ two cases is g5]ally tak5 at ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! t>get4 ,! int]section ( ! fir/ two zones w give a rectangle :i* w conta9 #be p] c5t ( all ! %ots4 ,simil>ly we may consid] only ! v]tical & lat]al errors1 ?us obta9+ a v]tical 9 lieu ( a horizontal rectangle conta9+ #be p] c5t ( all ! %ots4 ,! #ej p] c5t bread? column %\ld1 9 practice1 g5]ally be neglect$1 z mo/ ( ! errors 9 %oot+ are always ov] & "u1 & n lat]al1 ones4 ,! ,po9t ( ,mean ,impact is ! int]section ( ! l9es ( mean range & mean lat]al deviation4 ,! ,probable ,rectangle is "o :i* conta9s #ej p] c5t ( all ! %ots4 ,to f9d ! probable rectangle = any gun1 multiply ! mean error 9 range by #b4fcg = ! side ( ! rectangle p>allel to ! range1 & ! mean error 9 lat]al deviation by #b4fcg = ! side p]p5dicul> to ! range4 ,9 all range tables = guns ! #ej-p]-c5t zones = l5g?1 bread?1 & height %\ld be giv52 & by means ( !m & ! foll[+ table ( probability factors ! dim5sions ( zones ( o!r p]c5tage1 & also ! p]c5tage due to c]ta9 dim5sions at diff]5t ranges1 c be obta9$4 ,,probability ,,factors4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,p]c5tage4,factor4,p]c5tage4,factor4,p]c 5tage4,factor4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #a 4#jb #be 4#dg #fj #a4be #c 4#jf #cj 4#eg #gj #a4ed #e 4#ji #ce 4#fg #hj #a4i #aj 4#ah #dj 4#gh #ij #b4dd #ae 4#bh #de 4#hi #ie #b4ia #bj 4#ch #ej #a4jj #ajj inf9ity7say #d7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,fir/4--,opposite any giv5 p]c5tage1 say #bj1 we f9d 9 ! contigu\s column a factor1 4#ch4 ,if we multiply ! dim5sions ( ! #ej-p]-c5t zone1 giv5 9 ! range table1 by ?is factor 4#ch1 we w obta9 ! correspond+ dim5sion ( ! #bj-p]-c5t zone4 ,second4--,suppose = a p>ticul> range ! dim5sion1 say height ( ! #ej-p]-c5t zone1 is giv5 9 ! range table z #d feet1 & we wi% to "k :at p]c5tage ( %ots w probably /rike a zone #g4f feet high4 ,if we divide #g4f by #d1 we obta9 #a4i1 & f ! table we see t ! factor #a4i corresponds to #hj p]c5tage4 ,!re=e we may assume t #hj p] c5t ( ! %ots at t p>ticul> range w probably /rike a zone #g4f feet high4 ,= all practical purposes we may consid] t ! factor ( ! #hj-p]-c5t zone is #b1 ( ! #ie-p]-c5t zone is #c1 & ( ! #ajj-p]-c5t zone is #d4 ,,%ell4 ,a %ell is a holl[ projectile conta9+ a bur/+-*>ge ( gunp[d]1 or "s high explosive1 & a fuze to ignite ! *>ge at "s po9t ( its flight1 or on impact4 ,its p5etration into e>? at #hej y>ds may be tak5 at #ab to #ae feet = field-guns4 ,x is inv>iably fir$ ) a p]cussion-fuze1 & is us$ aga9/ mat]ial4 ,,%rapnel4 ,a %rapnel consi/s ( a collection ( lead balls 9 an envelope1 & be>+ a small bur/+-*>ge1 :i*1 by action ( ! fuze1 ruptures ! envelope at "s po9t ( ! projectile's flight1 & leaves ea* bullet free to describe its own pa?1 & ! pa?s ?us describ$1 tak5 toge!r1 =m ! cone ( disp]sion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4 ,,"t-,,%rapnel4 ,?is %rapnel is us$ entirely aga9/ animate objects1 its ma9 purpose be+ to cov] a giv5 area ) a p[]ful & effective bullet-fire1 & mu/ h1 at ! in/ant x bur/s1 a t]m9al velocity ( #ejj ft4-sec4 to be effective4 ,! trajectory ( %rapnel until x bur/s is id5tical ) t ( %ell4 ,on its bur/+ ! bullets spread 9 e direction1 & =m a cone ( m or less d5s5ess4 ,?is cone w increase 9 size z ! range increases1 because ! velocity ( translation decreases m rapidly ?an ! velocity ( rotation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! area ( ! oval =m$ by ! int]section ( ?is cone ) ! gr\nd w decrease z ! angle ( fall increases4 ,?is oval has its greate/ dep? 9 ! direction ( fire1 & its broade/ end fur!/ away f ! gun4 ,its dep? dim9i%es z ! range increases1 & = %ort ranges x is mu* great] ?an = long ones4 ,! bread? increases z ! di/ance %ort ( ! object at :i* ! bur/ takes place increases4 ,! ne>e/ bullet 7t is1 ! "o :i* has travell$ ! %orte/ di/ance7 w h ! highe/ /rik+ velocity1 & ! bullet t travels fur!/ w h ! l[e/ /rik+ velocity1 ! bullets betwe5 /rik+ ) proportionate velocities4 ,z ! di/ance %ort ( ! object at :i* ! %ell bur/s increases s w ! di/ances betwe5 ! bullets on /rik+ increase4 ,illu/ration3 ,actual ,int]section ( ,%eaf4 ,,fig4 #ajg4 ,:5 fir+ at a horizontal t>get1 ! bullets are n uni=mly spread ov] ! :ole ( ! oval ( disp]sion1 ^? on ! ne>] side ( ! m9or axis be+ m cr[d$ toge!r ?an ^? on ! f>!r side4 ,( c\rse ! rico*ets m or less endang] ! omitt$ spaces1 b z ^! are dep5d5t on ! h>dness ( ! gr\nd & on ! angles t ! /rikes make ) ! actual surface ( ! gr\nd ) :i* !y come 9 contact1 !y _c be reli$ on4 ,on favorable gr\nd all ! bullets w rico*et at all ranges1 b ! rico*ets ( ^? t fall %ort ( ! axial bullet w be ab\t ! only ones t w be effective4 ,! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3 #a4 ,:5 ! object has dep?1 ! fire _c be too direct4 #b4 ,:5 ! object has frontage & little dep?1 ! m oblique ! angle ( fire is to ! front ! great] is ! area affect$4 #c4 ,"t-%rapnel is peculi>ly adapt$ to objects mov+ t[>d or f ! batt]y4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! fuzes are set r %ort1 9 ! second r long4 #d4 ,! be/ position g5]ally = ! po9t ( bur/ is ab\t six y>ds above & fifty y>ds 9 front ( ! t>get4 ,a good rule = ! height ( bur/ is ! height ( bur/ 9 feet ! numb] ( hundr$ y>ds 9 range4 ,?us = #ahjj y>ds' range x w\ld be #ah feet 7#f y>ds74 #e4 ,! spread may 9 g5]al be reckon$ z to ! di/ance ( bur/4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a v>iation 9 ! l5g? ( bur/ at any p>ticul> range may alt] ! frontage cov]$ consid]ably1 b x h>dly affects at all ! dep? cov]$ by effective bullets4 ,?is dep? may be tak5 z #ejj y>ds = ranges ( ab\t #aejj y>ds1 #djj y>ds = ranges ( ab\t #bejj y>ds1 & #cjj y>ds = ranges ( ab\t #ccjj y>ds1 irrespective ( ! l5g? ( %ort bur/4 ,,p]cussion-,,%rapnel4 ,) %rapnel ( ?is k9d ! cone ( disp]sion has an asc5d+ angle :i* w be mu* great] ?an ! angle ( desc5t1 & w\ld v>y ) ! conditions ( ! gr\nd /ruck4 ,! velocity is v mu* impair$ by ! ret>dation on graze1 & ! smalle/ irregul>ity may cause ! projectile to bury itself1 or rise at a v consid]able angle4 ,! effect be+ s greatly inf]ior to "t-%rapnel1 !y w\ld only be us$ on p>ticul> occasions4 ,,cani/]4 ,cani/] is a collection ( bullets conta9$ 9 a c1 :i* is ruptur$ 9 a gun by ! %ock ( dis*>ge1 ! bullets !reby =m+ a cone ( disp]sion ) its apex at ! muzzle ( ! gun4 ,! c1 or envelope1 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 s]vice is kn[n z ! ,sawy]1 & is made ( malleable ca/ iron1 weak5$ by spiral cuts4 ,cani/] is ess5tially a close-qu>t] projectile = employm5t aga9/ p]sonnel & horses1 & "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances is effective up to ne>ly #ejj y>ds2 up to #cjj x is annihilat+4 ,effective rico*ets are necess>y = maximum results1 & c only be obta9$ at %ort ranges1 & !n only ov] smoo? wat]1 or on a h>d level surface n int]sect$ ) ob/acles4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! ,causes ( ,bad ,%oot+4 ,e/imat+ ,di/ances4 ,range-f9d+4 ,rule = ,sight+4 ,g5]al ,duties ( ,artill]y ,comm&]s4 ,t>get ,practice4 ,h[ ,conduct$4 ,projectiles ,us$4 ,k9ds ( ,t>get4 ,night-fir+4 ,,! ,,causes ,,( ,,bad ,,%oot+4 #a4 ,v>iation 9 ! d5sity ( load+4 #b4 ,bad aim+4 #c4 ,faults 9 h&l+ ammunition1 fuzes1 etc4 #d4 ,v>iable weights ( *>ges & projectiles4 #e4 ,inability to judge correctly ! position ( ! bur/s ( ! %ell4 #f4 ,failure to take into acc\nt ! age & condition ( ! p[d]4 #g4 ,v>iable w9d4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,d5sity ( ,load+4--,?is is beyond ! prov9ce ( ! cannone]1 & ne$ n1 !re=e1 be consid]$4 ,bad ,aim+4--,to obviate ?is1 ! m5 f\nd to h ! necess>y quickness ( h& & eye %\ld be utiliz$ = ?is "w1 ?\gh all %\ld receive in/ruction 9 aim+4 ,! sight %\ld be c>efully exam9$ be=e ea* %ot1 ! same am\nt ( ! t>get %\ld be br\ght into ! angle ( ! cross-wires1 & a con/ant di/ance betwe5 ! eye & ! re> sight %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,faults 9 ,h&l+ ,ammunition1 ,fuzes1 etc42 ,v>iable ,weights ( ,c>tridges & ,projectiles2 ,failure to ,take into ,acc\nt ! ,age & ,condition ( ! ,p[d]4--,c>tridges %\ld be weigh$1 gaug$1 & felt :5 receiv$2 o!rwise !re w be v>iations 9 range due to m or less p[d]1 to ! make ( ! c>tridge1 or to cak+4 ,if ! c>tridges ( a batt]y v>y mu* z to age1 br&1 etc4 or if !y h travell$ mu*1 x w\ld be well1 :5 opportunity (f]s1 to break ! lot up1 mix ! p[d] ?or\ghly1 remake & reweigh !m4 ,be c>eful to use ! copp] measures & funnels1 :i* c be obta9$ f ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,"t-fuzes are sometimes c>elessly cut1 or ! safety-p9 n remov$4 ,inability to ,judge ,correctly ! ,position ( ,bur/s ( ,projectiles4--,! ne$ful correction 9 elevation & fuzes _c be giv5 unless x c be se5 by ! eye or glass1 or by ! aid ( obs]v]s1 h[ ! %ells are bur/+4 ,:ile no provision has be5 yet made !re=1 a good telescope1 ) a tripod1 & capable ( be+ mov$ by a micromet] screw1 %\ld be suppli$ to ea* batt]y 9 s]vice4 ,9 mak+ all[ance = ! w9d move ! sight into ! w9d2 e4g41 if ! projectile is c>ri$ too f> to ! "r1 on acc\nt ( ! w9d bl[+ f ! left1 move ! sight to ! left1 & vice v]sa4 ,,e/imat+ ,,di/ances4 ,! light1 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! nature ( ! gr\nd are ! *ief di/urb+ causes 9 e/imat+ di/ances & admit ( no rules4 ,! sun on "o's back1 a light backgr\nd1 wat] or sn[ to look ov]1 gr\nd t is uni=m & (f]s no prom95t po9ts ( ref]5ce1 or :5 ! air is p>ticul>ly cle>1 z aft] a ra91 t5d to make objects appe> ne>4 ,a d>k backgr\nd1 ! sun 9 "o's eyes1 undulat+ gr\nd to look ov]1 or :5 x is cut by rav9es or cov]$ by trees or dwell+s1 or se5 dimly at ev5+ & 9 mi/y wea!r1 t5d to make objects appe> di/ant4 ,9 e/imat+ di/ance "u ! usual conditions3 ,m5's features c be di/+ui%$ at #cjj y>ds1 head-dress at #fjj y>ds1 movem5t ( legs & arms at #ajjj y>ds4 ,infantry c readily be di/+ui%$ f cavalry at #abjj y>ds4 ,individual m5 become v]tical l9es at #aejj y>ds4 ,di/+ui%+ betwe5 infantry & cavalry only by mode ( motion at #aejj y>ds4 ,a m\nt$ man looks l a speck or dot at #bjjj y>ds4 ,"o c p]ceive m5 & horses at #bbjj y>ds4 ,"o c c\nt ! w9d[s ( a h\se at #dcjj y>ds4 ,by day ! glitt]+ ( ! sun ^u ! arms ( troops 9 motion indicates ! direction ( _! m>*4 ,if ! rays are p]p5dicul>1 !y are mov+ directly t[>d y2 if slant+ f left to "r d[nw>ds1 !y are mov+ t[>ds y\r "r1 & vice v]sa2 if ! rays are int]mitt5t & v>i$1 !y are mov+ away f y4 ,du/ rais$ by cavalry =ms a high light cl\d1 by infantry a l[] & d5s] "o1 by :eel$ vehicles d5s] /ill4 ,,range-,,f9d+4 ,! range is f\nd by s\nd1 by obs]vation1 by tak+ measurem5ts f ! map1 by means ( range-f9d]s1 & by trial %ots4 ,by ,s\nd4--,multiply ! numb] ( seconds betwe5 bur/ ( projectile & report ( same by #cgj to obta9 ! approximate range 9 y>ds4 ,by ,obs]vation4--,z indicat$ 9 ! rules giv5 above reg>d+ ! appe>ance ( objects4 ,by ,tak+ ,measurem5ts f ! ,maps4--,?is c be done on a good topographical map on a l>ge scale1 tak+ c>e to fix !reon accurately ! position ( ! t>get & also ! position ( ! gun4 ,by ,means ( ,range-f9d]s4--,no range-f9d] has be5 adopt$ = our s]vice2 b sev]al in/rum5ts are n[ "u consid]ation4 ,:atev] range-f9d] may be us$1 & ) :atev] c>e ! range may be tak51 errors w exi/2 b !y may be r$uc$ to a m9imum by a good in/rum5t & skill$ obs]v]s4 ,trial ,%ots4--,if ! range be d\btful or unkn[n1 trial %ots w be us$1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t trial %ots disclose y\r position4 ,e/imate ! range1 give ! elevation indicat$ = x by ! range table1 & ! necess>y drift 7or deflection71 ea* unit ( ! deflection scale on ! sight correspond+ to #a_/cdeh ( ! range1 & proce$ z indicat$ "u ,t>get ,practice1 page #cgi4 ,sight+4--,! ne>] ! eye is to ! re> sight ! bett] w ! front sight be se51 & ! f9] c ! sight be tak54 ,! same di/ance %\ld be tak5 = ea* %ot1 if possible4 ,9 sett+ ! sight x is well to be> 9 m9d t ! deviation ( ! projectile foll[s ! motion ( ! re>-sight po9t3 ?us1 if x be mov$ up fur!r ?an is requir$1 ! projectile w /rike high2 if x be mov$ too f> to ! "r1 ! projectile w g too f> to ! "r ( ! object aim$ at4 ,also 9 all[+ = ! w9d move ! sight into ! w9d1 i4e1 9 ! direction ! w9d comes f4 ,,g5]al ,,duties ,,( ,,artill]y ,,comm&]s4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,( ,,artill]y4 ,! *ief ( artill]y to ! g5]al comm&+ issues ! ord]s = ! di/ribution & conc5tration ( fire1 accord+ to ! phases ( ! battle & ! plans ( ! g5]al4 ,z a rule1 ! me?od ( c>ry+ out ^! ord]s1 ! projectile us$1 ! rapidity & ord] ( fire1 w be left to ! comm&]s ( gr\ps ( batt]ies4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,( ,,corps ,,artill]y4 ,! (fic] comm&+ ! corps artill]y designates ! t>get = ea* ( 8 battalions1 & controls ! fire ( ! corps artill]y 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions he receives4 ,,! ,,battalion ,,comm&]4 ,fire ,control4--,! comm&] ( an artill]y battalion prescribes ! me?od to be us$ = f9d+ ! range1 designates ! t>get = ea* batt]y1 & prescribes ! projectile to be us$1 ! rate & ord] ( fire1 & ! conc5tration or di/ribution ( fire on ! t>gets 9 range4 ,8 ord]s & directions t _c be giv5 by voice or trumpet are convey$ by 8 /aff or non-commission$ /aff4 ,,! ,,batt]y ,,comm&]4 ,regulation ( ,fire4--,?is includes control ov] all ! details ( ! s]vice ( ! guns1 ! corrections 9 obs]vation1 deflection1 ! l5g? ( fuze1 & ! conc5tration & di/ribution ( fire )9 ! limits ( a designat$ t>get t are necess>y 9 ord] to obta9 ! mo/ effective fire ^u x4 ,! capta9 regulates ! fire ( 8 batt]y1 &1 if act+ indep5d5tly1 he also controls x4 ,he rema9s m\nt$ or dism\nt$ at pleasure1 & places himself1 z a rule1 ne> "o ( ! flanks & suffici5tly close to ! batt]y t 8 ord]s may be readily und]/ood4 ,! corrections = lat]al deviations are g5]ally intru/$ to ! *iefs ( platoons4 ,f9d+ ! range by ! me?od designat$1 & ! regulation ( ! fire accord+ to ! t>get1 range1 projectile1 & obs]v$ effect1 are intru/$ to ! capta9s ( batt]ies1 & x is only 9 exceptional cases t ! battalion comm&] takes p]sonal comm& 9 ord] to f9d ! range or to regulate ! fire4 ,artill]y fire is effective 9 proportion to its conc5tration4 ,! long range ( ! guns p]mits a conc5tration ( _! fire on _m diff]5t po9ts )\t *ange ( position4 ,:5 practicable1 ! gr\ps t are int5d$ to fire on ! same t>get %\ld be plac$ "u ! control ( "o (fic]4 ,9 ! advance-gu>d action ! artill]y ( ! assailant cov]s1 & ! artill]y ( ! def5ce opposes1 ! deploym5t & advance ( ! advance-gu>d infantry4 ,9 ! prelim9>y /ages ( a battle & ! comm5cem5t ( ! artill]y duel ! fire is usually direct$ on ! t>gets imm$iately opposite ! batt]ies engag$2 z soon z portions ( ! enemy's artill]y-l9e are subdu$ ! fire is conc5trat$ on ! diff]5t t>gets 9 succession1 tak+ !m 9 ! ord] ( _! relative importance2 dur+ ! prep>ation & deliv]y ( ! assault ! fire ( ! assailants is conc5trat$ aga9/ ! po9t ( attack2 ! fire ( ! def5ce is conc5trat$ aga9/ ! attack+ infantry z soon z x %[s itself4 ,fire %\ld be direct$ aga9/ batt]ies t are *ang+ positions1 & 9 ord] t ?is brief opportunity ( inflict+ s]i\s damage may n be lo/ a "p ( ! batt]ies ( ! def5ce %\ld be especially in/ruct$ to op5 fire on ho/ile batt]ies :ile limb]+ or 9 movem5t )\t wait+ = ord]s4 ,! def5ce g5]ally (f]s m favorable opportunities = long-range fire ?an ! (f5ce1 b :e!r advantage is to be tak5 ( ^! opportunities mu/ be det]m9$ by ! g5]al comm&+1 :o w h to decide :e!r ! effect ( ! fire w comp5sate = ! p>tial or complete disclosure ( ! position t x involves4 ,ord9>ily artill]y %\ld avoid op5+ fire at a great] range ?an #cjjj y>ds4 ,beyond ?is di/ance x is difficult to obs]ve ! effect ( fire ev5 ) good glasses4 ,long] range fire is us$ 9 exceptional cases aga9/ objects t are cle>ly se5 & are ( consid]able ext5t1 su* z villages1 camps1 or l>ge bodies ( troops4 ,ineffective cannonades at long di/ances1 & %ell+ woods or o!r localities n positively kn[n to be occupi$ by ! enemy1 %\ld n be p]mitt$4 ,! position f :i* fire is fir/ op5$ may necess>ily be mu* less ?an #cjjj y>ds1 9 ord] to obta9 view ( ! enemy4 ,fir+ ov] fri5dly troops %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible4 ,batt]ies t support an assault f a di/ance cont9ue _! fire ^u ! po9t ( attack until x becomes dang]\s to ! assailants2 !y !n ei!r increase ! range consid]ably 9 ord] to cov] ! gr\nd beyond1 or !y direct _! fire on o!r po9ts ( ! enemy's l9e4 ,artill]y does n fire at long ranges f positions 9 re> dur+ a pursuit1 on acc\nt ( ! dang] to ! pursu+ troops2 9 su* cases x %\ld advance rapidly & endeavor to e/abli% itself on ! flanks ( ! enemy's l9e ( retreat1 :]e x w f9d ! mo/ advantage\s positions4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! fire ( artill]y is direct$ aga9/ t arm ( ! enemy :i* at ! "t is pr$om9ant1 or :i* is capable ( inflict+ ! greate/ loss on ! infantry or cavalry t ! artill]y is support+4 ,dur+ ! artill]y duel ! artill]y g5]ally avoids fir+ at ! o!r arms2 b if l>ge bodies ( infantry or cavalry appe> 9 op5 gr\nd )9 effective range a portion ( ! guns %\ld be direct$ ^u !m4 ,,t>get ,,practice4 ,! artill]y t fir/ f9ds ! range w h a great advantage 9 ! artill]y duel1 & 9 all cases its correct e/abli%m5t is ! fir/ condition ( accurate %oot+4 ,obs]vation ( ,fire4--,correct obs]vation ( ! effects ( fire is necess>y 9 ord] to make ! requir$ corrections1 & is indisp5sable to good %oot+4 ,x c only be acquir$ by mu* practice "u ! v>y+ conditions ( ! w9d1 light1 /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 backgr\nd1 =egr\nd1 & nature ( ! t>get1 & is r5d]$ m difficult 9 action by smoke & ! liability ( mi/akes :5 m ?an "o batt]y is fir+ at ! same t>get4 ,= m$ium z well z long ranges a good field-glass is requir$4 ,z a rule1 ! obs]vation is limit$ to asc]ta9+ :e!r ! %ots are %ort or ov]4 ,! obs]vation ( direct hits is unreliable except at v %ort ranges1 or :5 palpable effects are produc$ 9 ! enemy's ranks1 limb]s are bl[n up1 or !re are o!r manife/ indications ( ! effect produc$4 ,:5 a t>get is on a height or beh9d a p>apet1 x is possible to di/+ui% hits on ! slope ( ! hill or on ! p>apet1 & to e/imate correctly ! error 9 range ( ! projectiles t fall %ort4 ,!re are no means ( e/imat+ ! error 9 range ( ! projectiles t fall beyond ! t>get1 except :5 a batt]y is on an elevation & fir+ at a t>get on a plane bel[ x2 "h %ots /rik+ beyond ! t>get may be obs]v$ & ! error e/imat$4 ,:5 sev]al batt]ies are fir+ at ! same t>get1 & x is difficult to di/+ui% ! individual r\nds1 a fire by batt]y w give a gr\p ( %ots t may be recogniz$4 ,! obs]vation ( ! fire w be facilitat$ by ! reports ( an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] /ation$ "s di/ance 9 advance & outside "o ( ! flanks ( ! guns4 ,smoke4--,:5 ! w9d is across ! range & bl[s ! smoke 9 front ( ! guns1 x w be difficult to correctly aim & prop]ly obs]ve ! effects ( ! fire4 ,9 ! case ( a s+le battalion ?is inconv5i5ce may be dim9i%$ by increas+ ! int]val betwe5 ! batt]ies1 or may be avoid$ by advanc+ ! batt]ies 9 e*elon f ! leew>d flank s t ! smoke ( ea* w9dw>d batt]y w drift beh9d ^? to ! leew>d ( x4 ,?is la/ measure has ! disadvantage ( mak+ ! leew>d batt]ies conspicu\s aga9/ ! :ite backgr\nd ( smoke1 & besides is n always practicable1 especially :5 ! position is on ! br[ ( a hill4 ,if nei!r ( ! above exp$i5ts c be adopt$1 & x is n possible to suffici5tly increase ! int]val ( "t betwe5 ! guns 9 ea* batt]y to p]mit ! smoke to bl[ away1 ! fire by batt]y or platoon may be us$1 or ! battalion comm&] may ord] ! battalion to fire by piece1 comm5c+ on ! leew>d flank4 ,:5 sev]al battalions are toge!r1 z l>ge int]vals z possible %\ld be left betwe5 !m1 or1 if ! gr\nd p]mits1 ! battalions %\ld be advanc$ 9 e*elon f ! leew>d flank1 9 ord] to dim9i% or avoid ! inconv5i5ce ( smoke drift+ across ! range4 ,:5 ! t>get _c be se5 on acc\nt ( smoke :i* hangs 9 front ( ! guns1 or on acc\nt ( fog1 ra91 or d>kness1 ! pieces may be aim$ by means ( auxili>y t>gets4 ,f9d+ ! ,range4--,?is is ! "w ( ! batt]y comm&]4 ,he & ! range p>ty prec$e ! batt]y to ! position1 & z soon z ! exact position ( 8 batt]y is indicat$ by ! battalion comm&] he obs]ves c>efully ! position ( ! t>get1 its nature & ext5t1 & e/imates ! range by means ( a map1 any s\rce available1 or range-f9d] 7all if possible71 v c>efully1 & especially s :5 ! fire is to be ov] ! heads ( o!r troops4 ,he e/imates ! ranges to o!r po9ts )9 ! field ( fire :i* might subsequ5tly become t>gets1 & obs]ves3 ,nature & position ( any cov]+ mass4 ,zones ( gr\nd :i* ought to be cannonad$4 ,nature ( soil 9 vic9ity ( t>get1 if possible4 ,exact "p ( t>get on :i* to aim 8 guns 9 det]m9+ ! range4 ,if ! range be det]m9$ only by obs]vation1 x w be necess>y to use trial %ots4 ,9 f9d+ ! range by trial %ots x is ( great importance t ! object & ! p>ticul> "p ( x to be fir$ at %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,9 ord] to avoid mi/akes ! capta9 may direct "o ( ! (fic]s or non-commission$ (fic]s to rectify ! aim ( all ! guns aft] !y h be5 po9t$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t all ! guns are aim$ at exactly ! same po9t2 t ! exact elevation ord]$ by ! batt]y comm&] is us$1 & n *ang$ until ord]$ by him2 & t ! result ( e %ot is c>efully obs]v$4 ,! range c be m accurately & quickly f\nd :5 ea* batt]y has a diff]5t t>get & "o directly 9 front ( x to fire at4 ,if ! t>get is a long l9e1 x %\ld be divid$ into z _m sections z !re are batt]ies to fire at x1 & ea* capta9 %\ld select a gun or object 9 ! "p assign$ him4 ,9 su* case ! battalion comm&] c comp>e ! elevations obta9$ by ! sev]al batt]ies1 & if !y agree1 & ! obs]vation ( ! fire indicates good results1 x is fair to assume t ! range is correct4 ,:5 sev]al batt]ies are to op5 a long-range fire on a small t>get1 ! battalion comm&] g5]ally designates ! batt]y1 & pref]ably t on ! leew>d flank1 to f9d ! range4 ,batt]ies t come into action at %ort di/ances f ! enemy's l9e g5]ally f9d ! range by fir+ salvos at a prom95t po9t ( ! t>get4 ,z a rule1 p]cussion-%ell are us$ to f9d ! range1 & all ! guns ( a batt]y are aim$ at "o po9t ( ! t>get2 if %rapnel ) p]cussion-fuze be us$1 ! same pr9ciples apply4 ,9 fir+ at intr5*m5ts1 h[ev]1 ! fire may be di/ribut$ f ! fir/1 ev5 = obta9+ ! range1 z ! hits1 z a rule1 c be easily obs]v$4 ,! enemy's flanks are designat$1 & ! guns 9 8 batt]ies are numb]$1 z he himself w\ld designate or numb] !m4 ,! fir+ to obta9 ! range %\ld be sl[ & delib]ate1 & ample "t af=d$ to obs]ve ea* %ot & make ! necess>y corrections4 ,:5 a batt]y unlimb]s ne> ano!r batt]y already 9 action & op5s fire ^u ! same t>get1 x %\ld obta9 ! range f ! latt]4 ,! duty ( f9d+ ! range g5]ally devolves ^u ! capta9 ( ea* batt]y1 ev5 :5 sev]al batt]ies op5 fire ^u ! same t>get4 ,:5ev] sev]al batt]ies op5 simultane\sly to f9d ! range ( a t>get ( limit$ dim5sions1 ! fire ( ea* batt]y mu/ be conc5trat$ ^u an entirely di/9ct po9t1 & all ( ! po9ts mu/ be f> en\gh ap>t to enable ea* batt]y comm&] to di/+ui% ! fall ( 8 own projectiles f ^? ( ! neighbor+ batt]y4 ,x is only 9 v exceptional circum/ances t ! battalion comm&] w\ld take p]sonal *>ge ( ! fir+ ( 8 battalion 9 ord] to e/abli% ! range himself4 ,trial ,%ots4--,a p]cussion-%ell is fir$ ) ! elevation correspond+ to ! e/imat$ range at a cle>ly visible & %>ply def9$ fix$ po9t ( ! t>get4 ,if ! fir/ %ot /rikes %ort1 or beyond ! t>get1 ! range = ! second is ei!r increas$ or decreas$1 accord+ to ! case1 s z to ?r[ ! %ot beyond or %ort ( ! t>get4 ,^! corrections are g5]ally made z foll[s3 ,:5 fir+ at %ort ranges1 #ajj y>ds4 m$ium #bjj long #djj ,su* fir+ is pursu$ until two consecutive %ots fall1 "o %ort ( & ! o!r beyond ! t>get1 :i* e/abli%es ! long bracket1 or =k4 ,no r\nd %\ld be tak5 z a basis = correction if !re is any d\bt z to ! reliability ( ! obs]vations4 ,a mean range is tak5 f ^? two :i* det]m9$ ! long =k = ! next %ot1 & !n ano!r %ot is fir$ at a range obta9$ by tak+ ! mean ( ! la/ range & ! "o ( ! long =k ^: %ot fell on ! opposite side ( ! t>get4 ,s proce$ until ! t>get is enclos$ betwe5 two consecutive %ots only #ej y>ds ap>t4 ,?is is call$ ! %ort =k1 or bracket4 ,!n a v]ify+ gr\p1 g5]ally a %ot f ea* gun is fir$ ) ! elevation correspond+ to ! mean range ( ! %ort =k4 ,if f\r out ( six ( ! %ots fall %ort1 ! range is e/abli%$2 & if %rapnel-fire is !n resort$ to ! range is /ill fur!r r$uc$ by #ej y>ds4 ,:5 ! range has be5 measur$1 & n e/imat$1 ! %ort =k may be obta9$ f ! fir/ two %ots4 ,if ! elevation has n be5 obta9$ z above indicat$1 at kn[n ranges %rapnel-fire may comm5ce1 z if ! range _h already be5 det]m9$ by %ell-fire2 at unkn[n ranges ! trial-%ot fir+ ) %rapnel is conduct$ z ) %ell2 t is to say1 ! elevation is increas$ or r$uc$ f %ot to %ot 7by #ajj y>ds at %ort range1 #bjj y>ds at m$ium range7 until ! t>get is enclos$ betwe5 at lea/ two accurately obs]v$ %ots1 "o ov] & ! o!r %ort4 ,! diff]5ce is r$uc$ z already describ$ until ! mean ( ! %ort =k is obta9$4 ,! l>ge =k %\ld be e/abli%$ by p]cussion-%rapnel1 & !n fire "t-%rapnel4 ,dur+ ! rang+ platoon comm&]s indicate exactly ! po9t to aim at1 see t ! sights are prop]ly set1 especially dur+ ! fir/ r\nds1 obs]ve simil>ly ! "t-fuze1 & make any necess>y correction = deflection2 :i* deflection p]ta9s to a p>ticul> gun1 & is n c>ri$ to ano!r4 ,be> 9 m9d t ea* unit ( ! scale = deflection corresponds to #a_/cde ( ! range = sights n[ us$4#i ,aft] ! rang+ has be5 complet$1 if a gun makes a con/ant error1 ! platoon comm&] may be p]mitt$ to *ange ! elevation #be y>ds4 ,! g5]al rule = v]tical & lat]al corrections is3 :5 ! deviation exce$s ! am\nt ( mean disp]sion1 a correction %\ld be made aft] "o r\nd2 b if x is equal to or less ?an ?is sev]al r\nds are fir$ ) ! same elevation or deflection1 & a correction made accord+ to _! mean deviation4 ,! batt]y comm&] indicates ! l5g? ( fuze = "t-%rapnel4 ,if fir+ at artill]y & all ! guns are equally conspicu\s1 ! fire %\ld be direct$ ^u "o ( ! c5tral guns1 o!rwise at ! mo/ conspicu\s gun2 if ! w9d is bl[+ across ! range1 ! fire %\ld be direct$ ^u ! mo/ conspicu\s gun on ! w9dw>d flank4 ,if fir+ ^u masses ( troops1 ! fire %\ld be direct$ ^u ! c5tre ( ! fir/ l9e2 if fir+ ^u skirmi%]s1 x %\ld be direct$ fir/ ^u "o po9t1 !n ano!r1 close 9 front ( ! l9e4 ,,projectiles ,,to ,,be ,,us$4 ,p]cussion-%ell4--,= rang+1 aga9/ mat]ial1 & 9 default ( %rapnel aga9/ liv+ t>gets4 ,aga9/ troops beh9d loophol$ walls1--if x explodes aft] pass+ ?r\gh1 use p]cussion-%rapnel1--/ockades1 abattis1 b>ricades1 entanglem5ts1 etc4 ,direct hits are necess>y :5 x is us$ aga9/ guns1 limb]s1 e>?works1 ob/acles1 etc41 & its effects are !n due to p]cussion1 p5etration1 & ! explosive =ce ( ! bur/+-*>ge4 ,:5 us$ aga9/ m5 or horses1 x is bur/ on fir/ graze close 9 front ( ! t>get1 & its effects are !n produc$ by its spl9t]s4 ,! smoke made by ! l>ge bur/+-*>ge ( ! p]cussion-%ell aids ! obs]vation ( fire4 ,! effect ( projectiles ) p]cussion-fuzes is dep5d5t on ! nature ( ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! t>get2 s(t m>%y gr\nd1 holl[s1 & cuts dim9i% its effect1 :ile h>d smoo? gr\nd increases x4 ,p]cussion-%ell gives ! be/ results :5 ! fire is conc5trat$4 ,x c sometimes be advantage\sly di/ribut$1 provid$ t sev]al guns keep a "p ( ! t>get "u sup]ior fire4 ,%rapnel ) ,"t-fuze is us$ aga9/ all liv+ t>gets1 provid$ !y be n close beh9d cov]1 troops beh9d slight cov]1 su* z %elt]-tr5*es1 banks1 etc41 gun-pits & epaulm5ts1 balloons1 batt]ies limb]$ up or 9 action1 ammunition & o!r tra9s1 unless fir+ p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! mat]ial4 ,) ! fuze set at z]o x c be us$ = close def5ce 9 default ( cani/]4 ,! effect ( %rapnel is due to ! p5etration ( its bullets & spl9t]s2 ?is p5etration is small1 & x is !re=e employ$ aga9/ m5 & horses only4 ,x has a comb9ation fuze & c be made to bur/ ei!r 9 ! air or on ! fir/ graze1 & c !re=e be made indep5d5t ( ! nature ( ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! t>get4 ,made to bur/ high by means ( its "t-fuze1 x c be us$ aga9/ liv+ t>gets beh9d cov]1 aga9/ :i* p]cussion-%ell c\ld h b little effect4 ,bur/ ! projectiles #ej y>ds %ort & ab\t #f y>ds 7at m$ium ranges7 above1 ! object aim$ at4 ,a r\gh rule = height ( bur/ is height ( bur/ 9 feet! numb] ( hundr$ y>ds 9 range4 ,9 fir+ at troops beh9d cov]1 su* z banks1 ris+ gr\nd1 or e>?works1 bur/ ! projectiles ab\t #be y>ds1 or less1 9 front (1 & f #g to #aj feet above1 ! cov]4 ,%rapnel ) ,p]cussion-fuze is g5]ally us$ aga9/ mov+ t>gets1 = rapid fir+1 & = fir+ ov] fri5dly troops2 aga9/ enemy's troops 9 a village or woods2 metal %ields2 & 9 cavalry combats z soon z ! gr\nd :i* 0 mask$ by "o's own troops becomes cle>$4 ,%rapnel gives ! be/ results :5 ! fire is di/ribut$1 a "p ( ! t>get be+ apportion$ to ea* gun4 ,:5 ! "t-fuze is us$1 x w (t5 be advisable to v>y ! elevation & l5g? ( fuze 9 ea* batt]y s z to cov] ab\t #bjj y>ds 9 dep?1 & ?us br+ ! enemy's supports & res]ves1 z well z 8 front l9e1 "u fire4 ,cani/] is us$ aga9/ liv+ t>gets at close ranges4 ,its effect is l>gely dim9i%$ :5 ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! guns is r\gh or s(t1 & p>ticul>ly :5 cov]$ ) bru% or /&+ crops4 ,x w\ld be us$ aga9/ cavalry at #ejj y>ds1 & aga9/ infantry at #cjj y>ds4 ,ord] ( ,fire4--,! ord] ( fire is habitually by piece 9 ea* batt]y1 & usually comm5ces on ! leew>d flank4 ,x is ! mo/ effective1 z ! errors 9 ! s]vice ( any "o gun c g5]ally be obs]v$1 & !re=e correct$4 ,salvos1 or ! fire by batt]y1 may be us$ to f9d ! range "u circum/ances t r5d] x difficult to obs]ve a s+le %ot1 to avoid ! inconv5i5ce ( smoke1 & occasionally1 in/ead ( rapid fire by piece1 to take advantage ( quickly pass+ opportunities4 ,! fire at w is only us$ 9 ! def5ce ( ! guns at v %ort ranges4 ,! fire by piece f "o flank ( a battalion to ! o!r may be us$ to avoid smoke1 or to enable ! field-(fic] comm&+ ! battalion to take p]sonal *>ge ( ! fir+ 9 ord] to f9d ! range "u difficult circum/ances1 or to regulate ! fire 9 exceptional cases4 ,! fire by platoon is only us$ to facilitate ! obs]vation ( fire "u exceptional circum/ances t p]mit two %ots to be obs]v$ m easily ?an "o1 & also to increase ! int]val ( "t betwe5 successive dis*>ges1 to all[ ! smoke to drift away1 )\t dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( fire4 ,9 mo/ cases ! fire by piece or by batt]y is pref]able to x4 ,rapidity ( ,fire4--,! rapidity ( fire is dep5d5t on ! range1 ! circum/ances ( ! action1 ! facilities = ! obs]vation ( ! fire1 & ! am\nt ( unexp5d$ ammunition4 ,sl[ ,fire is us$ at long ranges & = obta9+ ! range1 & g5]ally 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! action & dur+ ! artill]y duel2 x is also us$ 9 prolong$ actions1 & :5 ! ammunition is runn+ %ort4 ,! int]val betwe5 successive %ots %\ld n be less ?an #cj seconds1 & may be sl[]4 ,ord9>y ,fire is us$ :5 ! fire is effective1 b :5 ! circum/ances ( ! action d n dem& a rapid fire4 ,x is at ! rate ( #a %ot e #bj seconds1 or1 9 a six-gun batt]y1 #f r\nds 9 #b m9utes4 ,rapid ,fire4--,! rate is ab\t "o r\nd 9 #g seconds2 x %\ld be suffici5t to enable ! effect ( a %ot to be obs]v$ be=e fir+ ! next "o4 ,! range be+ accurately kn[n1 x is us$3 :5 ! enemy's batt]ies are com+ into action2 :5 !re is a v favorable t>get2 :5 a ru% is made to pass a defile2 :5 cov]+ ! advance ( "o's own artill]y2 :5 ! decisive infantry attack is ab\t to take place2 :5 ! advance is *eck$ dur+ a critical situation2 :5 ! opportunity to fire is v fleet+2 at %ort ranges4 ,! in/ant ! necessity = rapid fire ceases to exi/ ! fire %\ld rev]t to ! ord9>y rate4 ,,t>gets ,,mov+ ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,batt]y4 ,! range is f\nd by trial %ots1 ! elevation be+ increas$ or r$uc$ by /ages ( #ajj or #bjj y>ds1 dep5d+ on circum/ances4 ,z soon z a %ell is obs]v$ to fall n too %ort 7)9 #ajj y>ds ( ! advanc+ t>get7 all ! guns fire a r\nd rapidly4 ,if infantry is be+ fir$ at1 ea* subsequ5t r\nd %\ld h its range dim9i%$ by #ajj y>ds2 if cavalry or artill]y1 at a trot or gallop1 x %\ld be dim9i%$ #bjj & #cjj y>ds respectively4 ,,t>gets ,,mov+ ,,f ,,! ,,batt]y4 ,two elevations diff]+ by #ajj y>ds are obta9$ z be=e2 ) ! l[] ( ! two a salvo ( %rapnel is fir$ f all ! guns 9 ! batt]y1 ! proce$+ is !n repeat$1 & s on4 ,,t>gets ,,mov+ ,,obliquely ,,& ,,across ,,! ,,front ,,( ,,! ,,batt]y4 ,if ! t>get is ( great l5g?1 aim at ! head ( x2 if n ( great l5g? or mov+ rapidly1 aim 9 front ( x4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances x is advisable to asc]ta9 ! range ( po9ts 9 ! l9e ( m>* ( ! t>get4 ,:5 ! mov+ t>get rea*es "o ( ^! po9ts1 fire rapidly4 ,infantry cov] #a y>ds a second at a quick walk1 & artill]y & cavalry #b y>ds a second at a quick walk1 #d y>ds at a trot1 & #f y>ds at a gallop4 ,by multiply+ ! rate p] second ( ! t>get by ! "t ( flight ( a %ell1 we obta9 ! di/ance ! t>get has mov$ ov] dur+ ! flight ( ! %ell4 ,,indirect ,,fir+4 ,9 fir+ at an object :i* _c be se5 f ! gun sev]al me?ods are employ$1 dep5d+ on ! circum/ances ( ! case4 #a/4 ,plant a picket = ea* gun on ! cre/ ( ! ridge :5ce ! object to be fir$ at c be se52 beh9d ! ridge l9e a second picket ) ! fir/ picket & ! object1 run ! guns up to any conv5i5t di/ance 9 re> ( ! pickets1 & get !m 9 l9e ) ea* pair ( pickets2 ! deflection-scale c be us$ to rem$y any small lat]al errors4 ,! elevation is giv5 by means ( a gunn]'s quadrant or po9t+-arc if available4 ,if n1 set a /ake 9 front ( ! l9e ( :eels & 9 re> ( ! muzzle1 & imm$iately 9 ! plane ( sight1 its height equal to ! v]tical di/ance f ! top ( ! trunnion-sight to ! gr\nd2 7= #c4b-;in* gun #c #aj4fh2 = #c4f-;in* gun #c #aa4af74 ,!n give ! re> sight ! elevation correspond+ to ! range & aim at ?is po9t1 us+ peep-& cross-hairs4 ,an obs]v] is necess>y1 & by means ( 8 reports ! necess>y corrections are giv5 until ! elevation & l5g? ( fuze h be5 det]m9$4 ,aft] ea* %ot c>e mu/ be tak5 to run ! gun up to ! position x occupi$ be=e fir+4 #b;d4 ,9 ,fir+ at ,troops 9 ,rav9es & ,holl[s :5 !y _c be se5 f ! batt]y select a /one or bu%1 or any di/+ui%able object1 on ! side ( ! rav9e or holl[ z an auxili>y t>get1 & obta9 ! elevation & fuze = x2 !n by means ( ! lat]al deviation ( ! sight *ange ! direction ( fire1 & elevation & fuze if necess>y4 ,9 su* a case an obs]v] on ! flank or "s comm&+ position is absolutely necess>y4 #c;d4 ,by ,means ( a ,compass4--,select a di/ant auxili>y m>k t c be se5 f ! gun2 f a position z ne> ! gun z possible obta9 ! angle betwe5 ! auxili>y m>k & ! object2 con/ruct ?is angle at ! gun & m>k ! position ( ! :eels2 give elevation z previ\sly expla9$1 & make corrections by reports f an obs]v]4 ,! ,g]mans h a device = measur+ ?is angle3 x consi/s practically ( a horizontal graduat$ arc be>+ an arm conta9+ two v]tical sights4 ,x is plac$ on ! gun1 set at ! angle indicat$ by ! compass1 & ! gunn] sights at ! auxili>y object4 ,,night-,,fir+4 ,= night fir+1 or :5 !re is mu* fog1 a lum9\s aim+-po9t is requir$4 ,?is may be readily obta9$ by ! use ( a bull's-eye lant]n4 ,s(t5 ! light by plac+ pap] or o!r mat]ial ov] ! glass1 & draw !reon two "r l9es int]sect+ at "r angles at ! c5tre ( ! glass4 ,at a conv5i5t di/ance 9 front ( ! gun & 9 ! plane ( fire place ! lant]n on a po/ s t ! po9t ( int]section ( ! l9es %all be at su* a height t :5 ! re> sight is at z]o1 & ! axis ( ! gun horizontal1 x c be directly aim$ at4 ,e/abli% a plumb-l9e betwe5 ! lant]n & ! gun s t ! plumb-l9e1 ! po9t ( int]section ( ! l9es on ! lant]n1 & ! object aim$ at are 9 ! same v]tical plane4 7,! above requirem5ts mu/ ( c\rse be complet$ dur+ ! day1 :5 ! object c be se547 ,give ! re> sight ! elevation correspond+ to ! range1 & aim at ! po9t :]e ! plumb-l9e cov]s ! po9t ( int]section ( ! two l9es on ! glass ( ! lant]n4 ,if a gunn]'s quadrant or po9t+-arc be available1 simply det]m9e & m>k accurately ! direction = ea* piece1 & give elevation by ei!r in/rum5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,cordage4 ,h[ ,pres]v$4 ,/r5g?4 ,blocks & ,tackle4 ,knots1 ,hit*es1 etc4 ,la%+s4 ,bridges1 ,tre/les1 ,pi]s1 etc4 ,s+le-sl+ & ,treble-sl+ ,bridges4 ,/r+] ,bridges4 ,=ds4 ,fly+ & ,float+ ,bridges4 ,rafts & ,casks4 ,,cordage4 ,ropes are di/+ui%$ z to size by _! circumf]5ce 9 in*es4 ,_! l5g? is giv5 9 fa?oms4 ,hemp rope :5 new /ret*es freely1 & det]iorates v mu* aft] a few mon?s' we>4 ,x is ab\t "o ?ird /rong] ?an manilla rope4 ,to asc]ta9 ! /ra9 9 p\nds a rope w be> )\t break+1 squ>e ! circumf]5ce & multiply ! result by ! tabul> unit 9 ! foll[+ table3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,k9d4 ,circumf]5ce4 ,:ite4 ,t>r$4 ------------------------------------ #c-/r&4#d-/r&4#c-/r&4#d-/r&4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,hemp #b4e to #f 94 #aadj #accj #hej #ajjj #f #h #ajij #acfj #hbe #idj ,manilla #b4e to #f 94 #haj #iej 4444 4444 #f #ab #gfj #hce 4444 4444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,= ropes 9 daily use r$uce ! tabul> unit "o ?ird to meet r$uction 9 /r5g? by we> & exposure4 ,a safe g5]al rule = all ropes is1 "o f\r? ! squ>e ( ! circumf]5ce gives ! break+ weight 9 %ort tons4 ,,table ,,( ,,weights ,,t ,,manilla ,,rope ,,9 ,,daily ,,use ,,w ,,su/a94 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,circumf]5ce1 94 #a #a #a #a #b #b #b #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,weight1 lbs4 #edj #hdd #abae #afed #bafj #bgcd #ccge #djhd ,circumf]5ce1 94 #d #d #d #e #e #e #e #f ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,weight1 lbs4 #igecajiceabahdacejjadhhdaffceagiedahbeb ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,circumf]5ce1 94 #c #c #c #c #d ---------------------------------------- --- ,weight1 lbs4 #dhfj #egjd #fdae #geid #hfdj ,circumf]5ce1 94 #f #f #f #g #h ---------------------------------------- --- ,weight1 lbs4 #aihjebadbabcajjbdhdccbddh ---------------------------------------- --- ,to ,pres]ve ,:ite ,rope4--,dip :5 dry into a ba? conta9+ #bj grms4 7ab\t sev5 t5?s ( an ounce7 ( sulphate ( copp] p] litre 7a little ov] "o qu>t7 ( wat]2 soak = f\r days & dry4 ,!n soak 9 a solution ( #ajj grms4 7#c4e oz47 ( soap p] litre ( wat]4 ,iron-wire ,rope4--,its break+ weight 9 tons is ab\t equal to ! squ>e ( ! circumf]5ce 9 in*es4 ,/eel-wire ,rope4--,x is f #b to #b times /rong] ?an iron-wire rope4 ,wire rope c be safely work$ 9 field s]vice to "o half its break+ weight4 ,to ,pres]ve ,wire ,rope4--,apply l9se$-oil ) a piece ( %eepsk91 wool inside2 or mix ! oil ) equal p>ts ( ,spani% br[n & lampblack4 ,if us$ und]gr\nd or 9 wat]1 take m9]al or vegetable t>1 add "o bu%el ( fre%-slak$ lime to b>rel ( t>1 boil x well1 & !n saturate ! rope ) ! boil+ t>4 ,*a9s4--,*a9s1 :5 us$ 9 place ( ropes1 %\ld be exam9$ to see t e l9k is free f flaws & n too mu* worn4 ,! *a9 %\ld h no k9ks 9 x1 & ea* return1 :5 m ?an "o is us$1 %\ld be> its prop] /ra94 ,d n "w a *a9 ov] a w9dlass ( small diamet]2 ! iron ( ! l9ks breaks by b5d+1 n by t5sile /r5g?4 ,lubricate freely4 ,,safe ,,work+ ,,/ra9 ,,= ,,field ,,s]vice1 ,,& ,,weight ,,9 ,,fa?oms4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,circumf]5ce4 ,wire ,ropes ,r\nd-l9k ,crane-*a91 ,haws]-laid4 ,l5g? ( ,l9k n ,exce$+ ,five ,diamet]s ( ! ,iron4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,iron4 ,/eel4 ,safe ,safe ,weight ,diamet] ,safe ,weight ,work+,work+ p] ( ,iron,work+ p] ,/ra94,/ra94,fa?om4( ,l9k4,/ra94,fa?om4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,in*es4 ,cwts4 ,cwts4 ,lbs4 ,in*es4 ,cwts4 ,lbs4 -- -- -- #c_/af #h #b4a #a #aj -- #j4id #ae #d4hh #a #ac -- #a4e #e_/af #bb #g4bf #a #ba #fb #b4e #cb #aj4eg #b #dj #aab #c4e #g_/af #de #ac4j #b #ej -- #d4e #fe #af4j #b #fj #aie #e4ge #i_/af #ge #ba4j #b #gg -- #f4e #ib #be4j #c #ib #bde #g4e #aa_/af #aab #bi4j #c #aji -- #h4e #ace #cf4j #c #abe #bge #aj4ge #ac_/af #aeg #dc4j #d #aeg #dej #ac4be #ahb #df4e #d #baj #ede #ag4ge #ae_/af #baj #eh4j #e #bdh #ffi #ba4e #a #bdj #fc4e ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,blocks1 ,,tackle1 ,,etc4 ,blocks are ( two k9ds1 made & mortis$4 ,a made block consi/s ( f\r p>ts3 %ell1 %eave1 /rap1 & bu%4 ,a mortis$ block is made ( a s+le block ( wood1 mortis$ out to receive a %eave4 ,blocks are s+le1 d\ble1 or treble1 accord+ to ! numb] ( %eaves4 ,a ,tackle is a pur*ase =m$ by reev+ a rope ?r\gh two or m blocks = ! purpose ( hoi/+4 ,a ,:ip is a pur*ase made by a rope rove ?r\gh "o s+le block4 ,a ,gun-tackle ,pur*ase is a rope rove ?r\gh two s+le blocks1 & made fa/ to ! /rap ( ! upp] block4 ,! p>ts ( all tackles betwe5 ! fa/s & %eave are call$ ! /&+ p>ts4 ,! p>ts betwe5 ! %eaves are ! runn+ p>ts1 & ! "p :i* is tak5 hold ( 9 hoi/+ is call$ ! fall4 ,a ,:ip ^u ,:ip is :]e ! block ( "o :ip is made fa/ to ! fall ( ano!r4 ,a ,luff-tackle ,pur*ase is a s+le & a d\ble block1 ! end ( ! rope be+ fa/ to ! upp] "p ( ! s+le block1 & ! fall com+ f ! d\ble block4 ,a luff-tackle ^u ! fall ( ano!r luff-tackle is call$ luff ^u luff4 ,a ,wat*-tackle or ,tail-tackle is a luff-tackle pur*ase1 ) a hook 9 ! end ( ! s+le block1 & a tail to ! upp] end ( ! d\ble block4 ,a ,s+le ,burton is compos$ ( two s+le blocks1 ) a hook 9 ! bight ( ! runn+ "p4 ,reeve ! end ( rope ?r\gh ! upp] block1 & make x fa/ to ! /rap ( ! fly-block4 ,!n make fa/ y\r hook to ! bight ( ! rope1 & reeve ! o!r end ?r\gh ! fly-block = a fall4 ,! hook is made fa/ by pass+ ! bight ( ! rope ?r\gh ! eye ( ! hook & ov] ! :ole4 ,?is is a v quick-work+ tackle & a /rong pur*ase4 ,us$ = hoi/+ entirely4 ,:5 a v heavy weight is to be rais$1 ! /&+ "p %\ld be atta*$ to ! sl+s by a fi%]man's b5d in/ead ( to ! block4 ,! size ( blocks is express$ by ! l5g? ( ! %ell 9 in*es4 ,tackles are also designat$ by ! numb] ( %eaves employ$1 z tw(old 7two s+le blocks71 ?reefold 7d\ble & s+le block71 etc4 ,! bight ( a hook is ! middle ( ! b5d ( ! hook "p4 ,rope %\ld always be /opp$ up1 ei!r ) ! end or ) rope-y>n /ops1 to prev5t its gett+ into a sn>l4 ,:5 us+ ropes = haul+1 !y %\ld nev] be dragg$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,be=e reev+ a rope 9 a block ! turn %\ld be c>efully tak5 out1 to prev5t twi/+ :5 ! weight is lift$4 ,?is is done by /ret*+ ! rope out to its full l5g?1 & turn+ x 9 ! opposite direction to t 9 :i* x is laid up until all ! /iffness disappe>s4 ,blocks %\ld be ov]haul$ v (t5 to see t ! %eaves are work+ prop]ly on ! p9s1 & t !y "w smoo?ly4 ,if !y d n1 turn ! p9s end = end & rub a little black lead 7graphite7 on !m to lubricate !m2 also on ! sides ( ! %eaves :]e !y rub aga9/ ! %ell4 ,:5 hoi/+ ) tackles1 !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to twi/4 ,if !y %[ a t5d5cy to d s1 ins]t a b> 9 ! block or sl+1 & use x z a lev] to hold x /raight4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! m5 _c apply _! full /r5g? 9 ! direction 9 :i* x w\ld be mo/ effective4 ,9 su* cases hook a s+le block to "s object ab\t two feet above ! gr\nd & reeve ! end ( ! fall ?r\gh x1 s t ! m5 c add _! /r5g? to _! weight1 & m m5 c apply !mselves4 ,nev] tru/ ! susp5sion ( a weight to hold+ x by ! unaid$ /r5g? ( m54 ,if x is possible to get a turn ar\nd any fix$ object1 ev5 9 rais+ or haul+ a weight1 x is be/ to take a turn1 z all t is ga9$ is !n sav$4 ,always select su* blocks t ! fall w run freely ?r\gh !m1 & n ride ^u ! edges ( ! %eaves4 ,if x does1 x w be c]ta9 to cut4 ,! rope %\ld n q fill ! groove on ! %eave4 ,9 ?is way excessive friction is avoid$4 ,! p[] ga9$ by us+ tackle is z foll[s3 ,two s+le blocks1 or gun-tackle3 ne>ly d\bl$4 ,luff-tackle1 d\ble & s+le block3 d\bl$4 ,if ! d\ble block is movable1 trebl$4 ,two d\ble blocks3 p[] #c4 ,d\ble & treble blocks3 p[] #d4 ,two treble blocks3 p[] #d4 ,:ip ^u :ip 7s+le ,burton73 trebl$4 ,:5 "o tackle is appli$ to ano!r1 ! p[] obta9$ is f\nd by multiply+ _! respective values toge!r4 ,no advantage is ga9$ by us+ a great] numb] ( %eaves ?an two treble blocks 9 "o fall4 ,! p[] is equal to ! weight divid$ by ! numb] ( ropes 7/&+ p>ts7 atta*$ to ! l[] block1 or by twice ! numb] ( ris+ pulleys 7%eaves74 ,,knots1 ,,hit*es1 ,,etc4 ,?umb-knot 7,fig4 #ajh74--,us$ to prev5t ! end f unfray+1 or to prev5t its slipp+ ?r\gh a fall4 ,figure-eight ,knot 7,fig4 #aji74--,us$ to prev5t ! end f unfray+1 or to prev5t its slipp+ ?r\gh a fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aab4 ,reef-knot 7,fig4 #aaj74--;,= jo9+ two ends ( rope or *a9 toge!r4 ,s+le%eet ,b5d 7,fig4 #aaa74--;,= jo9+ dry ropes ( unequal size4 ,d\ble%eet ,b5d 7,fig4 #aab74--,same = wet ropes4 ,draw-knot 7,fig4 #aac74--,same :5 x may be requir$ to ca/ !m loose4 ,runn+-knot 7,fig4 #aad74--,to =m a loop t w draw taut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4 ,b[l9e 7,fig4 #aae74--,to =m a loop at ! end ( a rope :i* w n slip4 ,half-,hit*4--,= secur+ ! loose ends ( la%+s4 ,two ,half-hit*es 7,fig4 #aaf74--;,= mak+ fa/ a rope-end to an object4 ,clove-hit* 7,fig4 #aag74--,two half-hit*es1 us$ = comm5cem5t & f9i% ( la%+s2 mak+ fa/ ! end or ! bight ( a rope to any object4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4 ,timb]-hit* 7,fig4 #aah74--,us$ on pieces ( timb]1 or 9 mak+ fa/ to sp>s1 :]e ! weight w keep ! rope taut4 ,r\nd ,turn & ,two ,half-hit*es 7,fig4 #aai74--;,= mak+ fa/ a rope s t ! /ra9 %all n jam ! hit*es4 ,fi%]man's ,b5d 7,fig4 #abj74--;,= mak+ fa/ :]e !re is give & take motion1 z :5 a boat is at an*or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba4 ,lev]-hit* 7,fig4 #aba74--;,= draw+ pickets1 fix+ r\nds ( rope-ladd]1 b>s to1 or loops on1 drag-ropes4 ,man's ,h>ness-,hit* 7also ,fig4 #aba74--,loop to pass ov] %\ld]4 ,to fix a rope ) a weight on x rapidly to a block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc4 ,cat's-paw 7,fig4 #abb74--;,at ! end or 9 ! middle ( a rope = hook+ on a block4 ,blackwall ,hit* 7,fig4 #abc74--,simple hit* ) pliable rope & fix$ weight4 ,us$ to transf] ! /ra9 f "o rope to ano!r1 or to secure a tackle to a rope = a horizontal pull4 ,/opp] ,hit* 7,fig4 #abd74--,to %ift ! /ra9 (f a rope tempor>ily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd4 ,magnus ,hit* 7,fig4 #abe74--;,= mak+ fa/ to r\nd sp>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig3 #abg4 ,%eep%ank 7,fig4 #abf74--,to %ort5 a rope )\t cutt+ x4 ,,la%+s4 ,squ>e ,la%+ 7,fig4 #abg74--,make fa/ "o end 7! fix$ if !re be "o7 ( ! la%+-rope to "o ( ! objects to be la%$ by a timb]-or clove-hit*1 or by pass+ ! eye-end ( ! rope "u x1 br++ x up & pass+ ! o!r end ?r\gh ! eye2 !n1 aft] haul+ taut1 pass x r\nd ! second object1 r\nd ! fir/1 up aga9 r\nd ! second1 & d[n r\nd ! fir/1 cont9u+ ?is until a suffici5t numb] ( returns are made1 :5 ! :ole ( ! returns are tight5$ by br++ ! end r\nd ! returns betwe5 ! objects two or ?ree times1 & mak+ fa/ ) two half-hit*es on ei!r ( ! fir/ returns or "o ( ! objects4 ,if ! returns on "o ( ! sp>s lie 9 succession outside ! returns fir/ appli$1 !y mu/ lie 9 succession inside ^? fir/ appli$ on ! o!r sp>4 ,diagonal ,la%+ 7,fig4 #abh74--;,beg9 ) a timb]-hit* or runn+-b[l9e r\nd bo? sp>s & draw !m toge!r2 !n take ?ree or f\r turns across ea* =k & f9i% ) frapp+-turns4 ,w$ges ) well-r\nd$ po9ts are (t5 useful = tight5+ la%+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi4 ,%e] ,la%+4--,! la%+ is made fa/ to ! l[] sp>1 above :]e !y cross1 ) a timb]-hit*2 z _m turns are tak5 ar\nd bo? sp>s t[>ds ! feet z may be necess>y to cov] ! cross1 & ! end is !n l$ ar\nd ?is la%+ & bo? sp>s :]e !y cross & f\r or five frapp+-turns tak5 s z to br+ !m toge!r1 & ! ends made fa/ ar\nd ! upp] sp> above ! cross4 ,g9 ,la%+ 7,fig4 #abi74--,! ?ree legs ( ! g9 are plac$ s t ! c5tre "o is po9t+ 9 ! opposite direction to t ( ! o!rs1 all be+ p>allel1 ! upp] ends re/+ on a skid & two in*es ap>t4 ,! la%+ is comm5c$ ) a clove-hit* on an outside sp> & c>ri$ ov] & "u loosely & )\t rid+ six times4 ,two frapp+-turns are tak5 9 ea* int]val & ! :ole f9i%$ (f ) two half-hit*es r\nd "o ( ! sp>s4 ,iron *a9 is mu* bett] ?an rope = ^! fa/5+s4 ,fi%+ ,sp>s4--,?is consi/s 9 /r5g!n+ sp>s by la%+ o!rs p>allel to !m4 ,! fi%+ sp>s %\ld be plac$ aga9/ ! sp> to be fi%$ s t !y may take (f z mu* /ra9 & be 9 z close contact z possible4 ,la%+-ropes %\ld !n be appli$ r\nd all ( ! sp>s until !y are all firmly b\nd toge!r4 ,frapp+4--,! draw+ toge!r ! sev]al returns ( a la%+ s z to taut5 x4 ,! rope us$ = frapp+ is g5]ally ! runn+-end ( ! la%+ itself2 aft] hav+ frapp$1 ! end ( ! rope is made fa/ by two half-hit*es1 "o ar\nd all ! returns1 ! o!r on half only4 ,,bridges4 ,weight4--,infantry 9 column ( f\rs :5 cr[d$ is all[$ p] l9eal foot #efj p\nds4 ,cavalry "u same conditions is all[$ #gjj p\nds4 ,field-artill]y 9 column ( sections weighs #djj p\nds p] l9eal foot1 s t a bridge built = infantry w c>ry x4 ,9 calculat+ ! /r5g? ( p>ts ( bridges ! live load mu/ be d\bl$ to br+ x to dead load if weight is to be appli$ sudd5ly4 ,=mula = weight t may be borne safely by a beam support$ at bo? ends & load$ 9 ! c5tre3 ,w bd,s_/l1 ,w be+ ! weight 9 p\nds1 l ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ( support1 d ! dep?1 & b ! bread?1 all express$ 9 in*es4 ,s is a coeffici5t ^: value = diff]5t k9ds ( wood is giv5 9 ! foll[+ table3 ,a% #bjjj ,yell[ ,p9e #aajj ,bee* #agjj ,l>* #acjj ,bir* #aijj ,oak #afjj ,/r5g? ( ,r\nd ,timb]4--,! /r5g? ( a circul> pole is six t5?s t ( a squ>e beam ^: side is equal to ! mean diamet] ( ! pole2 s t ! equation becomes ,w #f;d,s_/#ajl1 9 :i* d is ! mean diamet]4 ,! bridge mu/ be capable ( su/a9+ ! weight :5 cr[d$2 & :ile ! load = infantry is usually di/ribut$1 ! greate/ /ra9 is br\ght on ! balks1 or road-be>]s1 :5 ! gun-:eels are at ! c5tre ( ! bay2 & a balk w only be> half ! load conc5trat$ at its c5tre t x w be> :5 di/ribut$4 ,roadway & ,approa*es4-,! roadway may be ( planks #a to #b in*es = ord9>y traffic1 or ( poles1 fasc9es1 hurdles1 etc4 ,litt] or e>? %\ld be scatt]$ ov] x to dead5 ! rattle ( planks1 :i* is apt to fright5 ! horses1 & pres]ve ! roadway4 ,if heavy loads are to be haul$1 planks %\ld be laid longitud9ally to =m :eel-tracks4 ,eight feet 9 ! cle> w suffice = wid? ( roadway1 b n9e feet is to be pref]r$4 ,a h&-rail %\ld be provid$1 especially if horses are to pass1 & ribb&s on ei!r side4 ,at lea/ five balks 7road-be>]s7 %\ld be us$ on a bridge n9e feet wide4 ,! bays g5]ally run f t5 to fifte5 feet4 ,a rise 9 ! c5tre ( ! bridge1 call$ ! camb]1 is all[$ = ! subsequ5t settl+4 ,?is all[ance is usually "o ?irtie? ( ! bay4 ,! approa*es are v important2 ! exit mu/ be fully z good z ! entrance1 to avoid cr[d+4 ,if n1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to admit troops at ! entrance fa/] ?an !y c pass (f4 ,ramps at ei!r end /eep] ?an "o on t5 are inconv5i5t4 ,,tre/les1 ,,pi]s1 ,,etc4 ,transoms4--,!y mu/ be suffici5tly /rong to be> ! weight t c be conc5trat$ on "o bay1 reckon$ z di/ribut$ load on ! transom4 ,on a #i-;foot roadway = light artill]y1 ) bays ( #ae feet1 ! transoms %\ld n be less ?an #i in*es 9 diamet]4 ,tre/les are us$ = bridges across %all[ riv]s hav+ s\nd h>d b$s & n liable to sudd5 floods2 & = gaps1 etc4 ,!y are n suitable = deep muddy riv]s4 ,!y may be us$ 9 /reams #i feet deep ) velocity ( #d miles an h\r2 or 9 deep] /reams if ! curr5t be less4 ,two-legg$ ,tre/le 7,fig4 #acj74--,! /&>ds1 transom1 & l$g] are m>k$ at ! prop] int]vals1 ! heights ( ! fir/ hav+ be5 obta9$ by a c>eful inspection1 & ! l5g?s ( ! two latt] dep5d+ on ! wid? ( ! propos$ roadway4 ,! transoms %\ld be ab\t #c feet long] ?an ! wid? ( ! roadway 9 ! cle>1 & ! /&>ds ( ! tre/le %\ld h a splay outw>d ( six on "o4 ,squ>e la%+s mu/ be us$4 ,! braces are put on ! frame ) bo? butts & "o tip on ! same side1 ! second tip on ! rev]se side2 ! butts c be la%$ simultane\sly ) ! l$g] & transom4 ,! frame mu/ !n be squ>$ by te/+ ! diagonals1 measur+ f ! butt ( ea* /&>d1 & ! frame mu/ be adju/$ until ^! measurem5ts are equal4 ,! braces c !n be la%$ at ! tips & cross+-po9t4 ,if ! timb] is weak1 bo? legs & transom c be d\bl$4 ,l$g]s & diagonal braces c be ( light mat]ial1 z little /ra9 is br\ght ^u !m2 b !y %\ld be well la%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj4 ,plac+ ,tre/les4--,!y are mo/ easily plac$ by h&2 b ) ^? ) two legs only c>e mu/ be tak5 t !y d n fall ov]4 ,ea* frame %\ld be fa/5$ to ei!r bank2 cables or /ruts may be us$4 ,?ree-legg$ ,tre/les 7,fig4 #aca71 two ( :i* are requir$ = a s+le transom1 h ! advantage ( /&+ )\t brac+1 admit ( ready adju/m5t1 & utilize light mat]ial4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 unsuitable = an unev5 bottom1 are extremely difficult to place1 except+ by h&1 & ! legs require weight+ 9 wat]4 ,to make !m1 la% two legs toge!r by a %e] la%+1 op5 !m out & !n add ! ?ird leg2 ! tre/le mu/ !n be up-end$1 ! feet plac$ on ! angles ( an equilat]al triangle ) sides ab\t half ! height1 & ?ree light l$g]s atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4 ,cribs1 ,gabions1 & ,fasc9es4--,^! are also us$ = support+ roadways1 ! two latt] are p>ticul>ly useful = %ort gaps4 ,limb]s4--,bridges support$ on transoms la%$ across ! tops ( limb]-:eels may be us$4 ,,frame ,,bridges4 ,if a tre/le bridge is impracticable1 ow+ to dep? ( gap or /ream1 unev5ness ( bottom1 or swiftness ( curr5t1 a frame bridge may be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acb4 ,s+le ,lock4--,?is is suitable = spans n exce$+ #cj feet1 measur$ betwe5 ! foot+ ( ! frames4 ,! slope ( ! frames :5 9 position mu/ n exce$ f\r on sev54 #a/4 ,prep>e foot+s #ah in*es wid] ap>t on "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,!y mu/ be correctly squ>$ or ! frames w n lock4 #b;d4 ,measure ! gap & lay out section ( x on ! gr\nd ) a l9e & pickets1 all[+ = camb]4 #c;d4 ,lay out ! /&>ds 9 ! section1 & *alk-m>k !m at ! prop] positions = la%+ l$g]s & transoms4 #d?4 ,la% ! frames 9 position on ei!r side ( ! gap2 butts ( /&>ds t[>ds ! bank1 l$g] la%$ on ! top ( /&>ds1 ab\t two feet f ! butts1 b position v>i$ accord+ to nature ( foot+s1 transom la%$ und]nea?4 ,! splay ( legs 9 a frame is n s great z 9 a two-legg$ tre/le1 "o foot diff]5ce betwe5 transom & l$g] g5]ally suffic+2 ! transom ( n>r[ frame #ah in*es wid] ?an ! wid? ( roadway 9 ! cle> betwe5 ribb&s4 ,squ>e ! frames c>efully be=e la%+ ! braces2 see t ! di/ance ap>t ( ! butts corresponds to ! foot+s1 broad frame to be #ah in*es wid] ?an ! n>r[4 ,drive pickets or l>ge piece ( timb] 7boll>d7 = guys & foot-ropes4 #e?4 ,atta* =e & back guys & foot-ropes to ea* frame1 ! latt] fa/5$ ) a timb]-hit* r\nd ! /&>ds bel[ ! l$g]s4 #f?4 ,pass across ! =e guys1 pass+ ^? ( ! n>r[ frame betwe5 ! horns ( ! broad frame4 #g?4 ,laun* & lock ! frames4 #h?4 ,s5d out tempor>ily two road-be>]s & by _! means & ) ! aid ( two m5 work+ on ! crut* ( ! bridge get ! =k-transom 9 position4 #i?4 ,s5d out rema9d] ( road-be>]s1 re/+ ! :ole on ! =k-transom4 #aj?4 ,place planks 7*esses72 rack d[n2 put up h&-rail4 ,,e/imate ,,( ,,timb]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,k9d ( ,no4 (,l5g?,diam4 9 ,ins4 ,purpose4 ,bridge4 ,sp>s49 ,ft4 ------------- ,at ,tip4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,s+le-lock #d #bd #g ,/&>ds4 7#cj-;ft4 #a #ae #aj ,=k-transoms4 ,span74 #b #ae #f ,transoms4 #d #ae #d to #f,l$g]s & %ore-transoms4 #d #bj #c ,diagonal braces4 #aj #bj #f ,balks4 #d #bj #c ,ribb&s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,if ! /ores are at h& & ready = use1 #a non-commission$ (fic] & #af m5 on ea* side %\ld complete ! bridge 9 a little m ?an an h\r4 ,d\ble-lock ,bridge4--,?is is us$ = spans ( #cj to #de feet4 ,9 lay+ out ! section & mak+ ! sp>s = ! d\ble-lock bridge x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! road-be>+ transoms1 ,,tt1 9 ?is case are n ! transoms la%$ to ! frames1 b ^? :i* are subsequ5tly la%$ on ! top ( ! di/ance-pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc4 ,! frames are ( equal wid?s4 ,9 mak+ ! bridge ! frames aft] be+ laun*$ are held by ! back guys a little high] ?an _! ultimate position4 ,! di/ance-pieces are !n haul$ across1 ! prop] positions = ! road-be>+ transoms hav+ be5 previ\sly m>k$ ^u !m2 ^! transoms are !n s5t out & la%$ 9 position1 aft] :i* ! back guys c be eas$ (f & ! bridge all[$ to lock2 ! roadway is !n laid4 ,,e/imate ,,( ,,timb]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,k9d ( ,no4 (,l5g? ,diam4 9 ,94 ,bridge4 ,sp>s49 ,ft4 ------------- ,purpose4 ,at ,tip4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,d\ble-lock #d #bj #g ,/&>ds4 #b #be #aj ,di/ance-pieces4 7#dj to #de #b #ae #aj ,road-transoms4 ,ft4 ,span47 #b #ae #f ,ma9 transoms4 #d #ae #d to #f,l$g]s & %ore-transoms4 #d #bj #c ,braces4 #ae #bj #f ,balks4 #f #bj #c ,ribb&s4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd4 ,s+le-sl+ ,bridges1 us$ to #ej feet4--,! frames = a s+le-sl+ bridge h an upp] 7lock+7 & l[] 7road-be>+7 transom4 ,9 lay+ out ! section ! frames mu/ be made to lock at su* a height z to h at lea/ #i feet ( headway betwe5 ! roadway & ! upp] transoms4 ,z soon z ! sp>s ( ! n>r[ frame are 9 position = la%+ ! di/ance f out to out ( its /&>ds at ! upp] transom mu/ be measur$1 & ! broad frame made ( suffici5t wid? to receive !m4 ,a snat*-block ) a fall rove ?r\gh x is la%$ to ! tip ( ea* /&>d ( ! n>r[ frame4 ,! frames hav+ be5 lock$1 ! =k-transom is haul$ into position by means ( ! falls & m5 work+ 9 ! crut*4 ,! falls are !n us$ to sl+ ! c5tre transom tempor>ily into position4 ,! sl+s are !n arrang$ by m5 work+ 9 ! crut* & a/ride ! slung transom1 "o ( ! guys be+ g5]ally us$ = ! purpose2 ?ree or f\r turns are suffici5t1 c>e be+ tak5 t !y d n ride4 ,! sl+s1 if too long1 c be subsequ5tly twi/$ up ) h&spikes to give ! requisite camb] to ! roadway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace4 ,a ,treble-sl+ ,bridge has ?ree slung transoms1 "o be+ slung f ! /&>ds on ei!r side betwe5 ! =k & road-be>+ transoms4 ,! process ( con/ruction is simil> to t ( a s+le-sl+4 ,if ! frames are v long & heavy1 x is well to brace !m above z well z bel[ ! road-be>+ transoms to prev5t _! gett+ rack$ out ( %ape 9 laun*+4 ,! upp] braces1 if !y int]f]e ) ! headway1 c be remov$ aft] ! frames are lock$4 ,! great l5g? ( ! /&>ds 9 s+le-& treble-sl+ bridges1 & ! heavy transv]se /ra9s br\ght ^u !m by ! weight ( ! roadway1 w g5]ally necessitate _! be+ /iff5$ by ties :i* %\ld be c>ri$ ov] v]tical frames an*or$ to e>? an*orages1 or /\t boll>ds on ! bank1 & twi/$ up taut ) a h&spike4 ,c be us$ = spans up to #gj feet4 ,,e/imate ,,( ,,timb]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,k9d ( ,no4 (,l5g? ,diam4 9 ,94 ,bridge4 ,sp>s49 ,ft4 ------------- ,purpose4 ,at ,tip4 ,mean4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,s+le-sl+ #d #cg #f ,/&>ds4 7#ej to #fj #c #ae #aj ,road-transoms4 ,ft4 ,span74 #c #ae #f ,top & =k transoms4 #d #ae #d to #f,l$g]s & %ore-transoms4 #daj #ah #c ,braces4 #aj #cj #f ,balks4 #d #cj #c ,ribb&s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,= a treble-sl+ bridge /&>ds f #ej to #fj feet long w be requir$2 also additional sp>s = transoms1 road-be>]s1 & v]tical frames4 ,,! ,,/r+] ,,bridge4 ,if ! span does n exce$ #be feet1 abutm5ts good1 & prop] timb] ne> at h&1 ?is bridge c be easily built4 ,,table ,,( ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,s+le-,,& ,,d\ble-,,lock ,,& ,,un/iff5$ ,,s+le-,,sl+ ,,bridges4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,descriptions4 ,s+le-,d\ble-,s+le- lock4 lock4 sl+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,tools4 ,axes1 pick #d #d #d ,blocks1 snat* #b #b ,*isel1 brick #d #d #d ,hamm]s1 /rik+ #d #d #d ,h&spikes #b #b #f ,lev]s1 field-s]vice #a #a #a ,mauls #b #b #b ,measur+-rods #a #a #a ,%ovels #d #d #f ,measur+-tapes #a #a #a ,mat]ials4 ,*alk1 pieces #b #b #d ,l9es1 ,hambro'1 #aej ft4 #a #a #a ,planks = *esses1 #aj ft4 #ab 94 #a 94 ,accord+ to span ,pickets1 #e ft4 long1 = boll>ds #aj #aj #aj ,pickets1 bundles ( trac+ #a #a #a ,rack/icks & la%+ ,accord+ to span ,foot-ropes1 #c 941 #i fa?oms #d #d #d ,guys1 #c 941 #bj to #cj fa?oms #h #h #h ,ropes1 #b 941 #ah fa?oms ea* #b ,ropes1 #b 941 #h fa?oms1 = transom-la%+s #d #h #h ,ropes1 #a 941 #e fa?oms1 = l$g]- & brace-la%+s #ab #ad #ad ,ropes1 #a 941 #c fa?oms1 = road-be>]s #aj #bj #bj ,tapes1 trac+1 #aej ft4 #a #a #b ,y>n1 spun1 lbs4 #g #g #g ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,six /r+]s & fifty floor+-poles1 #f in*es 9 diamet] & #ab feet long1 w be requir$4 ,two axem5 to ea* /r+] w fell & prep>e !m 9 a few m9utes1 & :ile !y are be+ c>ri$ & plac$ 9 position ! axem5 c prep>e ! poles4 ,/r+]s %\ld h #d feet extra l5g?4 ,_! diamet] w dep5d on ! weight to be borne1 h[ di/ribut$1 & k9d ( wood4 ,x is det]m9$ by ! =mulas already giv54 ,a good r\gh rule = calculat+ ! live load :i* c be borne by rectangul> timb] ( giv5 l5g? & scantl+ is3 ,= l>* safe di/ribut$ live load 9 cwts4 7#aab lbs47 bd_/,l1 9 :i* b bread? 9 in*es1 d dep? 9 in*es1 ,l l5g? ( span 9 feet4 ,= fir ! load may be #d_/c1 = c$> #e_/c1 = bee*1 oak1 & pit*-p9e #b1 & = teak #g_/c ( load ( l>*4 ,?is =mula gives a !oretical factor ( safety ( ab\t #c4 ,! /r+]s are plac$ 9 position by means ( jump+-poles1 ea* ( :i* %\ld be /rong en\gh to be> ! weight ( ! /r+] & a little long] ?an ! hypo!nuse ( ! "r-angl$ triangle1 ! base & p]p5dicul> ( :i* are respectively ?ree f\r?s ! wid? & dep? ( ! *asm4 ,place fir/ /r+] on abutm5t z a tempor>y wall-plate & *ock x2 slide ! second & ?ird ov] ! *asm a little m ?an "o f\r? _! l5g? = a footway2 pu% out "o jump+-pole1 butt fir/1 until ne>ly balanc$ on wall-plate /r+]1 & pass ! bight ( a rope ar\nd x a little 9 advance ( its c5tre ( gravity1 by means ( :i* a man on ! footway supports ! butt :ile ! pole is be+ slipp$ =w>d until x rea*es its prop] re/+-place 7:ile ?is is be+ done ! ends ( ! /r+]s =m+ ! footway are held d[n72 !n place second jump+-pole 9 position2 draw back ! two /r+]s =m+ footway2 cross jump+-poles1 la%+ !m ab\t #b feet above ! level ( ! abutm5t1 & atta* guy-rope long en\gh to rea* across ! /ream2 place /r+] 9 crut* & pu% =w>d until ne>ly balanc$2 !n raise end & pu% s z to ?r[ x =w>d & cause ! o!r end to re/ on ! opposite abutm5t4 ,f\r m5 n[ cross ov] on ! /r+]1 /eady+ !mselves by means ( ! guy-rope held taut = ! purpose1 lift ! /r+] (f ! jump+-poles1 &1 ) assi/ance f opposite side1 roll ! /r+] 9 position4 ,pull back jump+-poles & place ! o!r /r+]s4 ,! floor+ is laid z = corduroy roads1 & ! bridge is f9i%$ by p9n+ on a ribb& ( poles to hold d[n ! ends ( ! floor+ & erect+ h&-rails if requir$4 ,x is well to cov] ! roadway ) /raw to less5 ! jolt+ ( c>riages4 ,,=ds1 ,,fly+ ,,& ,,float+ ,,bridges4 ,:5 reconnoitr+ a riv] ) a view ( effect+ a passage1 obs]ve3 ! nature ( ! banks1 ! nature ( ! b$1 position & dep? ( =ds1 /r5g? ( curr5t1 :e!r tidal or o!rwise1 probability & ext5t ( floods4 ,=ds4--,! foll[+ dep?s are =dable3 ,= infantry1 #c ft42 = cavalry1 #d ft42 wagons conta9+ ammunition1 #b ft4 ,gravelly bottoms are be/2 s&y bottoms are bad1 z ! s& /irs up & increases dep? ( wat]4 ,=ds %\ld be cle>ly m>k$ by long pickets driv5 into ! b$ ( ! riv] above & bel[ ! =d1 _! heads be+ connect$ by a /rong rope4 ,x is well to m>k ! pickets1 9 ord] t any rise ( ! wat] may be at once evid5t4 ,! dep? ( a riv] is g5]ally mo/ uni=m 9 /raight p>ts2 at b5ds ! dep? w g5]ally be great] at ! concave bank1 & less at ! convex4 ,= ?is reason a riv] :i* is n any:]e =dable /raight across may be f\nd passable 9 a slant+ direction betwe5 two b5ds4 ,to measure ! velocity ( a /ream1 use a light rod weight$ at ! end s z to /& v]tically 9 ! wat]2 note ! di/ance x floats 9 a giv5 numb] ( seconds2 !n sev5 t5?s ! mean numb] ( feet a second gives ! numb] ( miles an h\r4 ,f]ries & ,fly+ ,bridges4--,! simple/ =m ( p]man5t f]ry consi/s ( ropes /ret*$ across ! riv] by means ( :i* rafts c be haul$ f bank to bank4 ,! fly+ bridge c be us$ if ! velocity ( ! curr5t is two miles an h\r or m4 ,! curr5t moves ! boat or raft across ! /ream by act+ obliquely aga9/ its side1 :i* %\ld be kept at an angle ( ab\t #ee degrees ) ! curr5t4 ,! cable1 ^: l5g? %\ld be #a to #b times ! wid? ( ! riv]1 & float if possible1 c ei!r be an*or$ 9 mid/ream 79 :i* case ! boat c sw+ betwe5 two l&+-places71 or two cables may be us$1 "o an*or$ on ei!r bank4 ,or a cable may be /ret*$ f bank to bank z taut z possible & six feet above ! wat] at ! l[e/ po9t4 ,! boat 7a d\ble-end]7 is atta*$ to travell]s1 :i* are small :eels groov$ on ! circumf]5ce to fit ! cable on :i* !y ride1 ma9ta9$ 9 _! position by a c\nt]poise bel[1 to :i* ! /em-& /]n-l9es ( ! boat are atta*$4 ,long1 n>r[1 deep boats ) v]tical sides1 to :i* leebo>ds c be atta*$1 are ! be/ = ! purpose1 & /raight rea*es ( a riv] ! mo/ suitable places = fly+ bridges4 ,float+ ,bridges4--,^! c be made ( boats1 b>rels1 timb]1 etc4 ,ea* pi] mu/ h en\gh available buoyancy to support ! heavie/ load t c be br\ght on "o bay ( ! bridge4 ,! l5g? ( ! pi]s %\ld be at lea/ twice ! bread? ( ! roadway1 = /ead9ess1 & !y %\ld be connect$ toge!r at _! extremities by tie-balks or la%+s4 ,! wat]way betwe5 ! pi]s %\ld nev] be less1 & %\ld if possible be m1 ?an ! wid? ( ^? pi]s4 ,9 b>rel-pi] bridges1 or ) boats hav+ /rong gunnels & frames1 ea* balk be>s on bo? gunnels ( adjac5t pi]s2 9 weak boats !y be> on a c5tral beam support$ on ! keel4 ,! roadway ( float+ bridges is simil> to t already describ$4 ,boats4--,op5 boats %\ld n be imm]s$ deep] ?an )9 "o foot ( ! gunnel1 & a /ill l>g] limit ( safety w be requir$ 9 r\gh wat] or a viol5t curr5t4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ /em on 9 ! bridge s z to po9t aga9/ ! curr5t1 & slightly d[n by ! /]n2 if ! riv] be tidal1 !y alt]nate /em & /]n4 ,few boats1 except heavy b>ges1 are /rong en\gh = balks to re/ on _! gunnels4 ,use a c5tral transom re/+ on ! ?w>ts & block$ up f und]nea? to br+ ! weight directly on ! keel4 ,buoyancy4--,?is may be det]m9$ by load+ ! boat ) un>m$ m5 to su* a dep? z is consid]$ safe4 ,= bridg+ purposes ! numb] ( m5 multipli$ by #afj gives ! available buoyancy 9 p\nds4 ,if ! numb] ( m5 be divid$ by f\r1 ! result w be ! c5tral int]val 9 feet at :i* ! boats may be plac$ 9 ! bridge to c>ry infantry 9 f\rs cr[d$4 ,,rafts ,,( ,,casks ,,or ,,b>rels4 ,buoyancy ( ,casks4--,! actual buoyancy is giv5 by ! =mula #e;cl-,w1 9 :i* c is ! circumf]5ce ( ! cask 9 feet half-way betwe5 ! bung & ! extreme end2 l is ! l5g? 9 feet1 exclusive ( projections1 measur$ along a /ave2 & ,w is ! weight ( ! cask 9 p\nds4 ,! available buoyancy = bridg+ purposes may be tak5 at #i_/aj ( ! actual buoyancy4 ,a safe buoyancy may be obta9$ by multiply+ ! cont5t 9 gallons by #h4 ,kn[+ ! buoyancy ( "o cask1 ! numb] to be unit$ 9 a raft to su/a9 any desir$ load c be readily calculat$4 ,con/ruct+ ! ,float4--,hav+ det]m9$ on ! numb] ( casks to be unit$ 9 "o float1 take "o ?ird ! numb] & place !m transv]sely on two poles laid on ! gr\nd p>allel to ea* o!r & "o half ! height ( a cask ap>t2 ! casks to be di/ribut$ ev5ly ov] a di/ance equal to ! wid? ( ! propos$ bridge1 bungs up4 ,lay ano!r pair ( poles on ! top ( ! casks1 & la% !m to ! fir/ pair at ! ends & betwe5 ea* two casks1 & cut (f any surplus pole t may project at ! ends4 ,hav+ made & laun*$ ?ree su* floats1 unite !m by la%+ a pole across ! ends & middle ( !m1 s z to make a l>ge squ>e raft4 ,:5 en\gh su* rafts are complet$1 !y c be plac$1 & a roadway built on !m4 ,9 plac+ ! rafts ! sides ( ! b>rels %\ld be t[>ds ! curr5t4 ,floats ( casks1 :5 9 bridge1 %\ld always be rigidly connect$ ) ea* o!r at _! ends by /r+]s1 :i* mu/ be la%$ to bo? gunnels ( ea* float2 ! roadway /r+]s c !n be laid & %\ld re/ squ>ely on bo? gunnels ( ea* float & %\ld be la%$1 especially if !re be any sway or = animal traffic4 ,,table ,,( ,,weights1 ,,dim5sions1 ,,capacity1 ,,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,"n4 ,weight4 ,l5g? ,bung ,head ,no4 ,available ( ,/ave4 ,diam4 ,diam4 ,gals4,buoyancy4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,lbs4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4,in*es4 ,lbs4 7,ab\t74 ,t> #ej #cj #bj #ag #cj #bej ,pork #fj #cj #bb #ah #cb #bfg ,v9eg> #hj #cd #bc #bj #de #cge ,:iskey #hj #cd #bc #bj #de #cge ,k]os5e #gj #cd #be #ba #de #cge ,molasses #gj #cd #be #ba #eb #dcc ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,am]ican w9e-b>rels are ab\t ! same size & weight z :iskey-b>rels4 ,rafts4--,raft bridges may be us$ 9 a curr5t n exce$+ f\r miles an h\r4 ,cubic cont5t ( a log 9 feet is equal to ! squ>e ( "o fif? ( ! mean gir? multipli$ by twice its l5g?4 ,weight ( timb] 7dry7 p] cubic foot3 ,a% #dg lbs41 bee* #dc1 elm #cf1 fir #cb1 oak #ed1 p9e #dj1 popl> #bd1 sycamore #cg1 will[ #be4 ,gre5 timb] is ab\t "o f\r? heavi]4 ,flotation4--,to obta9 ! flotation ( a log1 multiply its cubic cont5t by ! diff]5ce betwe5 its weight p] cubic foot & ! weight ( a cubic foot ( wat] 7#fb lbs474 ,take five six?s ( ! result = ! available buoyancy4 ,to ,=m a ,raft4--,place ! logs side by side1 ! small ends alt]nat+2 /rongly secure ) rope &1 if possible1 by cross & diagonal pieces ( scantl+ fa/5$ by spikes or tre5ails4 ,if x is to be us$ z a pi]1 ! logs may be plac$ 9 two lay]s to avoid ob/ruct+ ! wat]way4 ,a c5tral transom mu/ be us$4 ,! up-/ream end ( ! raft may1 ) advantage1 be convex4 ,make-%ift ,an*ors4--,two or m pickaxes la%$ toge!r2 heavy weights1 su* z l>ge /ones or railway irons2 ! latt] are be/ :5 b5t4 ,nets fill$ ) /ones are p>ticul>ly good on rocky bottoms4 ,protection4--,arrangem5ts mu/ be made up-/ream to protect a float+ bridge f damage f float+ sub/ances1 ei!r by a boat patrol1 or by /ret*+ a net1 or "s int]cept+ ob/acle1 across /ream4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,ha/y ,demolition4 ,gunp[d]4 ,dynamite4 ,h[ ,us$ 9 ,bla/+4 ,guncotton4 ,rack-a-rock4 ,h&l+1 ,transportation1 & ,/orage ( ,high ,explosives4 ,*>ges = ,ha/y ,demolition4 ,:]e & ,h[ to ,place ,*>ges4 ,,gunp[d]4 ,gunp[d] is a v intimate mixture ( potassium nitrate 7nitre71 *>coal1 & sulphur1 & g5]ally consi/s ( ! foll[+ proportions3 ,nitre1 #ge p>ts2 *>coal1 #ae p>ts2 sulphur1 #aj p>ts4 ,! foll[+ processes are us$ 9 its manufacture3 7#a7 ,mix+ ! +r$i5ts2 7#b7 incorporat+ or mill+2 7#c7 break+ d[n ! mill-cake2 7#d7 press+2 7#e7 granulat+2 7#f7 du/+2 7#g7 glaz+2 7#h7 second du/+2 7#i7 /ov+ or dry+2 7#aj7 f9i%+4 ,good gunp[d] %\ld be compos$ ( h>d angul> gra9s :i* d n soil ! f+]s1 & %\ld h a p]fectly uni=m d>k-gray color4 ,:5 new1 x %\ld be free f du/1 & a gramme ( x fla%$ on a copp] or porcela9 plate %\ld leave no residue or f\lness4 ,x %\ld give ! requir$ initial velocity to ! projectile1 & produce n m ?an ! maximum /ra9 ^u ! gun4 ,:5 expos$ to air ( av]age dryness1 x %\ld n absorb m ?an #j4e to #a4e p] c5t ( wat]4 ,9 damp air x absorbs m & det]iorates4 ,its explod+-po9t is #efj ,f4 ,,dynamite4 ,dynamite is compos$ ( a p>ticul>ly por\s silice\s e>? 7,keiselguhr7 impregnat$ ) ab\t #gj or #ge p] c5t ( nitro-glyc]9e4 ,true dynamite resembles 9 appe>ance moi/ br[n sug>4 ,x takes fire at #cej ,f41 & freezes4 ,,mat]ials ,,9 ,,use ,,= ,,bla/+4 ,c>tridges4--,! regul> sizes are f f\r to eight in*es long & f ?ree f\r?s ( an in* to two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,!y are furni%$ to ord] ( any requir$ size1 pack$ 9 boxes conta9+ #be or #ej p\nds1 ! lay]s ( c>tridges be+ sep>at$ by sawdu/4 ,to use a small c>tridge 9 a l>ge hole1 slit x on ! side & press x d[n into ! drill-hole ) a wood5 tamp+-rod4 ,c>tridges may be readily cut into desir$ l5g?s4 ,9 tamp+ p[d] or explosives always use a wood5 ramm]1 nev] an iron or /eel b>4 ,caps4--,! regul> cap or explod] is employ$4 ,x consi/s ( a holl[ copp] cyl9d] ab\t in* 9 diamet] & f "o to two in*es long1 & conta9s #ae to #bj p] c5t or m ( fulm9ate ( m]cury mix$ ) o!r +r$i5ts into a cem5t1 :i* fills ! clos$ end ( ! cap4 ,fuzes4--,! d\ble-tape fuze is ! be/4 ,s+le-tape fuze may be us$ :5 ! gr\nd is only a little wet4 ,nipp]s & ,p9c]s4--,= cutt+ ! fuze1 & aft] x is ins]t$ 9 ! cap = squeez+ ! cap tightly ar\nd ! fuze4 ,funnel4--,us$ 9 *>g+ ) loose p[d]4 ,,drill-,,holes4 ,z a g5]al rule drill-holes & *>ges = dynamite %\ld be comp>atively small4 ,9 heavy "w ! holes %\ld be l>ge 9 size & less 9 numb]1 & ! am\nt ( dynamite %\ld be 9 proportion to ! "w done4 ,*>g+ ) ,c>tridges4--,! *>ge mu/ fit & fill ! bottom ( ! bore1 & be pack$ solid4 ,take a c>tridge z ne>ly z possible ( ! same size z ! bore1 & cut x into sections ( ab\t twice or ?ree times ! diamet]4 ,) a h>d-wood ramm]1 z l>ge z w run freely 9 ! hole1 press ^! sections into ! bore-hole "o by "o ) suffici5t =ce until ea* section is driv5 to ! bottom & exp&$ lat]ally s z to fill ! hole solidly 9 e direction4 ,if ! c>tridge is small] ?an ! hole1 slit x l5g?wise4 ,metallic ramm]s mu/ n be us$4 ,prim+4--,cut (f squ>ely ! end ( ! fuze & ?ru/ x into ! cap up to ! fulm9ate4 ,if ! fuze is too l>ge1 scrape x d[n1 & if too small w9d x ) pap]4 ,!n clamp ! cap to ! fuze ) ! nipp]s1 be+ c>eful n to di/urb ! fulm9ate 9 ! cap4 ,if = a wet hole1 sme> ! junction ( ! fuze & ! cap ) b>-soap or ! l1 to make x wat]-tight4 ,n[ op5 ! end ( ! c>tridge1 & ) a po9t$ /ick make a hole 9 ! explosive & ins]t ! cap 7) ! fuze atta*$7 ! full l5g? ( ! cap1 & press ! explosive firmly ab\t ! cap4 ,next ga!r ! c>tridge-pap] ab\t ! fuze & tie x !re /rongly ) a /r+1 s t ! cap _c be )drawn f ! explosive4 ,cut (f s mu* ( ! c>tridge z is n ne$$1 & ! prim] is complete4 ,?us prep>$1 place x 9 ! drill-hole & press x ) a wood5 rod into contact ) ! *>ge4 ,tamp+4--,?is is ( great importance4 ,always tamp if y c1 & ) ! be/ mat]ials & 9 ! /ronge/ mann]4 ,9 deep & d[n holes wat] is good4 ,a %all[ tamp ( wat] am\nts to v little4 ,a %all[ tamp ( s& or clay is bett]4 ,9 driv+ & pack+ ! tamp next to ! prim] be c>eful n to explode ! cap2 ! fir/ h&ful ( tamp %\ld always be press$ d[n g5tly4 ,9 fissures or artificial cracks surr\nd ! *>ge ) mud1 clay1 s&1 or wat]1 if possible4 ,explosion ( ,bla/4--,9 mo/ cases x is bett] n to cut (f ! requir$ l5g? ( fuze until ! hole is tamp$4 ,!n cut (f at a safe l5g? & fire by ignit+ ) a mat* or fuzee4 ,if x misses fire1 be c>eful 9 tak+ out ! tamp+ n to approa* ne>] ! cap ?an )9 two or ?ree in*es2 !n put 9 ano!r c>tridge & fire x4 ,nev] pick out ! *>ge4 ,aft] ins]t+ ! prim] x is well to put a ball ( newspap] or "s sub/ance readily recogniz$ on top ( x & !n ! tamp+4 ,if !n ! tamp+ has to be remov$1 w>n+ w be giv5 on approa*+ ! prim]4 ,to ,insure ,explosion4--,! dynamite mu/ n be froz52 ! fuze mu/ be good & kept 9 ! cap2 ! cap mu/ be dry & n )drawn f ! explosive4 ,froz5 ,dynamite4--,dynamite freezes m easily ?an wat]1 becomes h>d & _c be prop]ly load$ into bore-holes1 & is m difficult ( explosion4 ,keep x :]e x w n freeze if possible4 ,x mu/ n be ?aw$ by a fire1 b by hot wat] 9 an app>atus l a common glue-pot1 ! dynamite be+ 9 ! inn] vessel & hot 7n boil+7 wat] 9 ! out]4 ,eissl] /ates t !re is b "o safe way ( ?aw+ x1 :i* is to keep x 9 a kit*5 or o!r room at summ] heat1 & away f ! fire1 until x is s(t4 ,x is !n ready = use4 ,precautions4--,nev] attempt to ?aw froz5 dynamite by roa/+1 toa/+1 or bak+ x4 ,nev] put x 9 heat$ vessels1 or 9 boil]s1 or be=e fires or heat$ metals4 ,x mu/ n be ?aw$ or heat$ rapidly4 ,nev] put a cap into a *>ge or prim] until y are ready to use x4 ,aft] x is made nev] let a prim] leave y\r h&s until x is 9 ! hole4 ,keep ! caps away f ! dynamite4 ,nev] let !m come ne> ea* o!r except :5 us$4 ,nev] all[ smok+ or o!r fire ne> ! p[d] or explosive1 z x burns rapidly1 & especially :5 loose1 & may fire caps incauti\sly left ne> by1 & ?us br+ on an explosion4 ,nev] use a metallic ramm]4 ,d n get nitro-glyc]9e on y\r f+]s4 ,x w be absorb$ by ! sk9 & give y a heada*e4 ,inv>iably prep>e y\r prim] at a di/ance f y\r explosive4 ,,rack-,a-,,rock4 ,?is p[]ful explosive1 compos$ ( a solid & a liquid +r$i5t1 entirely inexplosive :5 sep>ate1 b easily & quickly comb9$1 seems to pres5t und\bt$ advantages = use 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 ,! solid is potassium *lorate1 & ! liquid is ei!r dead oil1 or dead oil & bisulphide ( c>bon 9 equal volumes1 or bisulphide ( c>bon ) #c p] c5t ( c>bon add$1 or mono-nitro-b5z9e4 ,g5]al ,abbot consid]$ ! foll[+ ! be/3 ,potassium *lorate1 #gi p>ts2 mono-nitro-b5z9e1 #ba p>ts4 ,! potassium *lorate is put up 9 ! =m ( a c>tridge enclos$ 9 a bag made ( cotton or o!r suitable mat]ial4 ,9 prep>+ ! *>ge = use ! c>tridges are plac$ 9 a wire frame1 :i* is susp5d$ f a spr+-balance1 & dipp$ 9 ! liquid until a proportion ( #c to #d p>ts ( solid to #a "p ( liquid is %[n by ! balance2 ?is requires f #c to #f seconds4 ,or1 place ! c>tridges 9 a pan conta9+ cells 7ea* c>tridge hav+ a correspond+ cell & cup7 & !n p\r 9 ea* cell its cupful ( liquid4 ,z soon z x has all be5 absorb$ remove ! c>tridges & 9 t5 m9utes !y are ready = use4 ,if ! c>tridges be kept1 !y appe> to t5d to increas$ s5sibility to friction or p]cussion4 ,,guncotton4 ,compress$ ,guncotton4--,clipp+s & o!r wa/e f cotton-mills are ?or\ghly purifi$ f oil & fatty matt]s by treatm5t ) alkali & extrane\s sub/ances remov$4 ,! mat]ial is !n op5$ up by a c>d+-ma*9e & cut into suitable l5g?s4 ,aft] ?or\gh dry+ & :5 q cold small quantities at a "t are imm]s$ 9 a cool mixture ( #a nitric acid 7s4 g4 #a4eb7 & #c sulphuric acid 7s4 g4 #a4he74 ,! excess ( acid is !n remov$ & ! cotton c>efully wa%$1 r$uc$ to pulp1 purifi$1 & compress$ into giv5 weights & %apes by a p[]ful hydraulic press1 & weighs #fj lbs4 p] cubic foot4 ,! disks or slabs c be cut into small] sizes ) a %>p saw or knife )\t dang]1 c>e be+ tak5 to press !m betwe5 bo>ds :ile s do+ to prev5t _! fall+ to pieces4 ,x has f #b to #b times ! /r5g? ( gunp[d] = equal weights :5 ! *>ges are well tamp$1 & #d times ! /r5g? ( gunp[d] :5 ! *>ges are untamp$2 x ignites at a l[] temp]ature ?an gunp[d]1 z x may explode at #bgg ,f4 & mu/ explode at #djj ,f42 x is comp>atively ins5sible to %ocks--caissons conta9+ dry guncotton h be5 frequ5tly inflam$ by ! p5etration ( a bullet f a milit>y rifle1 b nev] explod$1#aa :ile wet guncotton 9 a condition = s]vice _c possibly be ignit$ by ! same means ev5 at ! %orte/ ranges4 ,wet guncotton is n easily ignit$1 burns up quietly 9 ! op5 air1 is n s5sitive to friction2 b if fir$ by a /rongly *>g$ p]cussion-cap x w explode ) great viol5ce4 ,x does n det]iorate :5 wet & is !n p]fectly safe to h&le4 ,x is !re=e /or$ 9 a wet /ate 7z x _c be explod$ except by ! detonation ( o!r disks ( dry guncotton72 b x %\ld n be expos$ to a temp]ature t w freeze ! wat] 9 ! cakes1 if possible4 ,:ile fro/ has no effect on dry guncotton1 x causes a me*anical dis9tegration ( ! wet compress$ v>iety4 ,9 ! field ! slabs are c>ri$ wet2 ! disks dry & pack$ 9 h]metically seal$ t9s4 ,^! disks are us$ z prim]s1 & h atta*$ to !m1 :5 us$1 a fulm9ate fuze4 ,to ,fire ,guncotton1 ! fuze is cut to ! requir$ l5g? & ins]t$ 9 ! holl[ end ( ! detonator1 especial c>e be+ tak5 to pu% x d[n s z to re/ on ! quick-mat*2 ! tube is !n slightly b5t to prev5t ! fuze f be+ )drawn4 ,! small end ( ! detonator is !n g5tly ins]t$ into ! prim] 7! dry disk7 s z to fill ! entire l5g? ( ! hole 9 ! latt]4 ,if x is loose1 a piece ( pap] or grass mu/ be wrapp$ r\nd to make x fit tight4 ,! prim] mu/ be plac$ 9 close contact ) ! *>ge to be fir$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t no sp>ks f ! fuze c fall on ! *>ge1 :i* might !n burn in/ead ( explod+4 ,be> 9 m9d t a moi/ prim] is c]ta9 to cause failure4 ,! *>ge %\ld be 9 close contact ) ! object to be demoli%$4 ,transportation4--,! h&l+ ( high explosives %\ld be done "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( p]sons ?or\ghly famili> ) ! prop] me?ods to be pursu$ & :o w ex]cise great c>e & judgm5t4 ,high explosives %\ld be pack$ 9 light wood5 boxes prop]ly m>k$4 ,! ,fr5* h a wagon conta9+ ab\t #cej lbs4 atta*$ to a horse-batt]y accompany+ ! cavalry division1 act+ indep5d5tly1 & two su* wagons ) ! artill]y-p>k4 ,c>e is tak5 t !y are n plac$ too ne> ! o!r ammunition & are 9 ! safe/ place "u c>eful obs]vation4 ,on a /eam] place ! explosives 9 a well-v5tilat$ place remote f ! eng9e4 ,on railways1 if ! wea!r be hot1 !re %\ld be good v5tilation & ice 9 ! c>1 s plac$ t wat] _c rea* ! explosives4 ,9 w9t] protect f freez+ if possible4 ,pack+ 9 /raw or sawdu/ may be useful4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld cases ( fuzes be 9 ! same c>1 or 9 ! vic9ity ( ! explosive4 ,! packages ( guncotton %\ld n be expos$ to ! sun--cov] ) paul9s1 put "u %ade-trees4 ,/orage4--,at milit>y po/s1 9 ord9>y s]vice magaz9es ov] :i* are erect$ light wood5 ro(s1 s z to insure a draught dur+ hot wea!r4 ,! usual precautions aga9/ fire & = /orage ( ord9>y p[d] mu/ be tak52 & nei!r fuzes1 caps1 nor detonators ( any k9d %\ld ev] be all[$ 9 ! magaz9e conta9+ ! explosives4 ,dry guncotton %\ld n be /or$ 9 ! same magaz9e ) wet guncotton4 ,be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! magaz9e ! boxes %\ld be giv5 a coat ( pa9t or %ellac1 to protect !m f moi/ure4 ,!y %\ld also be plac$ on skids & ! space betwe5 ! skids p>tially fill$ ) sawdu/1 to absorb any exud+ nitro-glyc]9e4 ,if any p[d] %\ld be spill$ on ! floor1 or nitro-glyc]9e exude & be absorb$ by ! sawdu/1 x %\ld be remov$ at once & burn$4 ,! boxes %\ld be turn$ ov] e mon? or two1 & if kept long on h& !y %\ld be op5$ & ! explosive te/$ f "t to "t4 ,:5 guncotton is receiv$1 p\r into ea* package en\gh wat] to cov] x1 or o!rwise imm]se x4 ,let ! wat] rema9 = #ae m9utes2 !n p\r x (f & h]metically close ! box4 ,?is %\ld be done e ?ree mon?s4 ,packages ( guncotton /a9$ br[n or yell[1 giv+ (f nitric fumes1 or %[+ o!r signs ( decomposition1 %\ld be remov$ & imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,if decomposition be f> advanc$1 !y %\ld be remov$ to a safe place & burn$4 ,,:]e ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,place ,,*>ges4 ,masonry or ,brick ,ar*4--,attack ! haun*es ( ! ar* or ! pi]s4 ,9 bridges ( a s+le ar* ! haun*es are ! be/ po9ts1 two tr5*es be+ dug across ! wid? ( ! roadway d[n to ! back ( ! ar*4 ,:5 !re is no "t = ?is1 ! *>ge %\ld be plac$ along ! cr[n ( ! ar*4 ,) guncotton untamp$ use ,t ,b2 if tamp$ ) a dep? ( e>? equal to ! ?ickness ( ! ar*1 use ,t ,b4 ,) gunp[d]1 if ov] cr[n ( ar*1 use #c_/b,t ,b2 if beh9d haun*1 ,t ,b4 ,9 ! =m] case use tamp+ if possible equal to ! ?ickness ( ! ar*1 & 9 ! latt] case equal to twice ! ?ickness4 ,! quantity ( p[d] obta9$ by ^! rules %\ld be divid$ into two or m *>ges plac$ across ! ar*4 ,:5 ! bridge consi/s ( a s]ies ( ar*es1 & ! pi]s are %ort & ?ick1 ! haun*es %\ld be attack$ by ! rules giv5 9 table on next page4 ,if ! pi]s be high & ?91 x is bett] to place ! *>ges aga9/ !m1 z ! fall ( "o pi] w involve ! de/ruction ( two ar*es4 ,! *>ge %\ld be slightly great] ?an = a wall ( ! same ?ickness4 ,,rules ,,= ,,calculat+ ,,*>ges ,,= ,,ha/y ,,demolitions ,,by ,,guncotton ,,or ,,gunp[d]4 ,*>ges are 9 lbs42 ,b & ,t are 9 feet2 t is 9 in*es4 ,b is l5g? ( brea* to be made2 ,t or t is ?ickness ( object to be demoli%$4 ,gunp[d] is assum$ to be r\ghly tamp$ ) s&-bags1 guncotton untamp$4 ,if ! guncotton is tamp$1 ! *>ges may be r$uc$ "o half4 ,*>ges ( guncotton mu/ be equal 9 l5g? to ! brea* :i* is to be made4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,object ,attack$4 ,gunp[d]4 ,guncotton4 ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,brick ar*4 ,,bt ,! l5g? ( brea*1 ,brick wall #b ft4 or #b lbs4 p],b1 %\ld n be less less4 #c_/b;,,bt foot run ?an ! height ( ! ,brick wall ov] #b ft4 ,,bt wall to be br\ght ,brick pi]s4 ,,bt d[n4 ,h>d wood 9 any #dj to #ajj #c;,,bt ,9 a conc5trat$ =m1 /ockade1 lbs4 = *>ge1 or = trees palisade1 s+le /ockade n ov] #ab 94 9 timb]s1 trees1 etc4 diamet] 9 a necklace4 ,d41 d4 ,t ,9 aug]-hole2 :5 ! timb] is n p]fectly r\nd1 ,t small] axis4 ,s(t wood4 ,half ! *>ges = h>d wood ,brea/work ( #fj to #hj #d lbs4 p] horizontal balks1 lbs4 p] foot or e>? betwe5 #e feet sleep]s up to #c ft4 ?ick4 ,heavy rail /ockade4 #glbs4 p] ft4 ,=tress gate4 #bjj lbs4 #ej lbs4 ,iron plate4 #c_/b;,bt ,field- or siege-guns4 #a lbs4 ,on *ase ne> muzzle4 ,heavi] guns4 #d lbs4 ,9 bottom ( bore1 tamp$ ) wat] or s&4 ,fir/-class iron rail #b_/h lb4 ,t\*+ web ( rail & ne> a *air4 /eel #d oz4 ,f\r rails plac$ ar\nd ! *>ge w be cut simultane\sly by x4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,9 ! pres5ce ( an enemy increase above *>ges #ej to all[ = cont+5cies4 ,h\se ) ,mod]ately ,?ick ,walls4--,attack portions ( walls betwe5 ! w9d[s1 ! *>ges be+ tamp$1 & inside ! h\se if possible4 ,o!rwise place outside1 or "o or two l>ge *>ges inside untamp$4 ,to demoli% a build+1 a suffici5t height ( wall mu/ be br\ght d[n to insure ! ar*es ov] ! doors & w9d[s fall+4 ,! l5g? ( brea* mu/ be equal to ?is height4 ,) v ?ick walls cut grooves4 ,to ,cut ,d[n ,trees4--,place *>ge 9 an aug]-hole bor$ horizontally into ! tree at desir$ height4 ,if tree be #a to #b feet 9 diamet]1 use two holes4 ,) a little c>e !y c be bor$ s z to meet 9 ! c5tre1 9 :i* case "o detonator w suffice to fire ! *>ge2 ) pl5ty ( detonators x may be bett] to fire "o hole fir/ & !n a second hole 9 ! un9jur$ "p ( ! tree1 & s on4 ,! tree may be made to fall 9 any requir$ direction by atta*+ a rope to ! upp] bran*es1 & tak+ ! /ra9 on x be=e fir+4 ,! guncotton may be hung ar\nd ! tree1 b ?is (t5 fails ) trees ov] #ab in*es 9 diamet]4 ,a hole may be dug "u ! roots4 ,dig d[n by ! side ( ! tree & !n horizontally "u ! bottom close to ! wood1 ! hole be+ j l>ge en\gh = ! c>tridge4 ,! rules = fell+ trees apply to timb]s ( wood5 bridges1 ! uprights ( ! pi]s be+ ! be/ po9t to attack4 ,to ,bl[ ,d[n a ,/ockade #ab #ab4--,use #c lbs4 ( guncotton p] runn+ foot4 ,! slabs %\ld be ?read$ toge!r1 s z to be 9 contact1 & hung or laid aga9/ ! timb]s at ! requir$ level4 ,if gunp[d] be us$1 a *>ge ( #hj lbs4 %\ld be all[$ = ! same /ockade :5 ! *>ge is n tamp$2 :5 tamp$ by hav+ a few s&-bags pil$ on top1 ! *>ge may be r$uc$ to #fj lbs4 ,?is w\ld probably make a brea* ab\t #f feet wide4 ,to ,demoli% a ,gate4--,fifty p\nds ( guncotton hung aga9/ ! gate by a nail or pickaxe or laid on ! gr\nd w suffice4 ,! *>ge ( gunp[d] %\ld be #bjj lbs41 cov]$ ) s&-bags if possible4 ,de/ruction ( ,iron ,bridges4--,place *>ge on l[] gird]s ne> an abutm5t1 & at a po9t :]e ! ?ickness ( ! plates is lea/4 ,if sections are uni=m ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! bridge1 place *>ge at c5tre ( a span betwe5 two pi]s4 ,:5 ! bridge plate is entirely ( iron1 place *>ge on top ( beams4 ,de/ruction ( ,railroad ,tracks4--,to de/roy heavy iron rails1 a *>ge ( six #b-ounce disks 7includ+ prim]7 %\ld be us$4 ,to ,de/roy a ,tunnel4--,! cr[n ( ! ar* or ! side-walls %\ld be attack$4 ,! po9ts select$ %\ld be "s di/ance inside ! tunnel4 ,to ,de/roy ,field-& ,siege-guns4--,detonate #a lbs4 ( guncotton on ! outside ne> ! muzzle4 ,9 heavi] wr\ght-iron guns detonate #d lbs4 9 ! bottom ( ! bore1 tamp+ ) s&4 ,heavy ca/-iron guns c be bur/ by fir+ #a lb4 ( guncotton 9 ! same position & tamp+ ) s&4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,batt]y ,books & ,records4 ,rolls1 ,reports1 & ,returns4 ,! ,ration4 ,salt & ,v9eg> = ,public ,animals4 ,! ,travel-ration4 ,pres5t ,organization ( ,u4 ,s4 ,light ,field-batt]y4 ,co/ ( a ,batt]y ( ,f\r #c4b-;in* ,guns1 9 ,detail4 ,price-li/ ( ,artill]y-h>ness4 ,price-li/ ( ,h>ness = #a4fe-;in* ,m\nta9-gun4 ,price-li/ ( ,artill]y ,acc\trem5ts1 etc4 ,price-li/ ( ,horse ,equipm5ts4 ,price-li/ ( ,/5cil & ,m>k+ ,outfits4 ,supply ,table ( ,ordnance ,/ores = a ,batt]y ( ,light ,artill]y = ,six ,mon?s4 ,all[ance ( ,ammunition = ,t>get ,practice4 ,/&>d ,supply ,table ( ,vet]9>y ,m$ic9es4 ,tablew>e & ,kit*5 ,ut5sils4 ,all[ance ( ,clo?+1 ,equipage1 ,fuel1 ,lights1 etc4 ,weights ( ,c]ta9 ,articles ( ,clo?+ & ,equipage4 ,pay ,table ( ,enli/$ ,m54 ,summ>y ,c\rt1 & ,li/ ( ,puni%m5ts4 ,u4 ,s4 ,signal & ,telegraph ,code4 ,p5etration ( ,projectiles4 ,cov] = ,field-artill]y4 ,treatm5t ( ,sick ,m54 ,tables ( ,weights1 ,measures1 etc4 ,tables = ,conv]t+ ,cu/om>y & ,metric ,weights & ,measures4 ,salutes4 ,camp ,furniture & ,mess ,outfits = ,(fic]s4 ,,batt]y ,,books ,,& ,,records4 ,sick report book2 company clo?+ book2 morn+ report book2 gu>d report book2 descriptive & deposit book--all obta9$ f adjutant-g5]al4 ,ord] book2 lett]s receiv$ book2 index to lett]s receiv$2 lett]s s5t book2 index to lett]s s5t2 descriptive book ( public animals--all obta9$ f qu>t]ma/]-g5]al4 ,artill]y practice report book--f *ief ( ordnance4 ,batt]y c\ncil book2 ro/] book4 ,,rolls1 ,,reports1 ,,& ,,returns4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,designation4 ,to ,:om ,:5 ,made4,:5 ,s5t4 ,by ,:om4 ,s5t4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,mu/] roll#ab ,adjt4 ,g54,e mon? ,)9 #c ,mu/]+ ( batt]y4 days (fic] ,inv5tory ( effects ,imm$iately,imm$iately,batt]y ( deceas$ soldi]s4 com'dr ,f9al /atem5ts ( deceas$ soldi]s4 ,c]tificates ( ,po/ disability com'dr 79 duplicate74 ,return ( ,ord4 ,*ief ( ,end ( ,)9 #bj ,batt]y & ,ord4 /ores4 ,ordnance mon? days com'dr ,return ( batt]y ,regtl4 #c adjutant ,transcript ( ord]s ,imm$iately,imm$iately mak+ tempor>y appo9tm5ts ( or r$uc+ ,n4 ,c4 (fic]s at po/s n regtl4 headqrs4 ,ab/ract ( batt]y ,end ( ,next day fund4 qu>t] ,morn+ report ,po/ adjt4 ,e ,be=e morn+ #h ,a4,m4 ,mon?ly return ( ,end ( ,fir/ ( batt]y 7to be e mon?subsequ5t return$ = file74 mon? ,return ( batt]y ,end ( fund 7) c\ncil e book74 qu>t] ,req4 = fuel1 ,end ( ,end ( =age1 & /raw4 e mon?e mon? ,req4 = salt & v9eg> ,ration return ,on days designat$ by ,c4,o4 ,e/imate ( ,c4 & ,jan4 #a1 ,e41 #f mon?s' supply4 ,apl4 #a1 ,july #a1 ,oct4 #a4 ,req4 = /ation]y4 ,end ( ,fir/ ( e subsequ5t qu>t] mon? ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,! ,,ration4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,article4 #a #ej #ajj #ajjj ,bulk ( ,ration4,rations4,rations4 ,rations4 #ajjj ------------,rations4 ,net4,gross4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,fre% beef1 or o!r oz4 ,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,lbs4 ,b>rels4 fre% meat #bj #fb #abe #abej ,or salt beef #bb #fh #acg #acge #f4hge ,or salt pork #ab #cg #ge #gej #abai #c4ge ,or bacon #ab #cg #ge #gej #ijc #d4i ,or dri$ fi%#ac #ad #dc #hg #hge ,pickl$ or fre% fi%#ac #ah #ef #aab #aabe ,potatoes #af #ej #ajj #ajjj #d4ff ,or potatoes #ab4h #dj #hj #hjj ,& onions #c4b #aj #bj #bjj ,or potatoes #aa4b #ce #gj #gjj ,& tomatoes #d4h #ae #cj #cjj ,or o!r fre% vegetable ,sug> #b4d #g #ae #aej 4#fb ,or molasses ,or syrup 4#fd gill #a gal4 #b #bj gals4 gals4 ,salt 4#fd #b #d #dj 4#af ,pepp] 4#jd #b ,fl\r #ah #ef #aab #aabe #abcd #e4gd ,or s(t bread #ah #ef #aab #aabe ,or h>d bread #af #ej #ajj #ajjj #abbi #ab ,or corn-meal #bj #fb #abe #abej ,beans or peas #b4d #g #ae #aej #agg 4#g ,or rice or hom9y #a4f #e #aj #ajj #aae 4#df ,c(fee1 gre5 #a4f #e #aj #ajj #abb 4#eh ,or c(fee roa/$ #a4bh #d #h #hj #ajh 4#hc ,or tea 4#cb #a #b #bj #be 4#af ,soap 4#fdh #b #d #dj #dg 4#ai ,c&les 7if no oil7 4#bd #a #ae #af4e 4#hi ,yea/-p[d] 79 ! field7 4#fd #b #d #dj ,v9eg> 4#jd qt4 gal4 #a gal4 #aj #ajg 4#ji gals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,salt ,,& ,,v9eg> ,,= ,,public ,,animals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,salt4 ,v9eg>4 ,no4 ( ---------------------------------------- --- ,animals4,quantity ,quantity p] ,quantity p] ,week4 p] ,week4,mon?1 ,:5 ,necess>y4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,lbs4 ,oz4 ,lbs4 ,oz4 ,gals4,qts4,pts4,gills4 #a #b #ab 4#fd #e #aj #c #ab #c4b #aj #a #d #g #h #a #b4d #ej #f #d #cg #h #a -- -- -- #ajj #ab #h #ge -- #b -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,! ,,travel-,,ration4 ,articles4 ,p] #ajj ,rations4 ,s(t bread p\nds #aab or h>d bread p\nds #ajj ,beef1 cann$ p\nds #ge ,bak$ beans1 #a-p\nd cans numb] #cc or bak$ beans1 #c-p\nd cans numb] #ae ,c(fee1 roa/$ p\nds #h ,sug> p\nds #h ,cann$ tomatoes 7aft] #d consecutive days ( above7 p\nds #ajj ,pres5t ,organization ( ,light ,field-batt]y4--#a capta91 #b fir/ lieut5ants1 #b second lieut5ants1 #a fir/ s]geant1 #f s]geants1 #d corporals1 #b musicians1 #b artific]s1 #a wagon]1 #ei privates4 ,total commission$ #e4 ,total enli/$ #ge4 ,special-duty ,m5 ,all[$ 9 a ,light ,batt]y4--#a ,n4 ,c4 ,o4 to take imm$iate *>ge ( police1 etc41 ( /able & picket-l9e1 #a cl]k1 #a tailor1 #a cook1 #a assi/ant cook1 :5 necess>y 7! head cook is all[$ #be c5ts p] day f company fund72 #a ,n4 ,c4 ,o4 7detail$ f ro/]7 to sup]vise rooms & gun-racks4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,equipm5t 7,,exclusive ,,( ,,ammunition7 ,,= ,a ,,f\r-,,gun #c4b-;,,in* ,,field-,,batt]y1 ,,) ,,comb9$ ,,batt]y-,,wagon ,,& ,,=ge4 7,total ,co/ z h]e9 indicat$ #ageie4ga47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,price4 ,am\nt4 ---------------------- ,articles4 ,dolls4,cts4,dolls4,cts4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #d #c4b-;in* ,b4 ,l4 /eel guns #ajbb #jj #djhh #jj #d #c4b-;in* c>riages & limb]s 7co/ ( brake includ$7 #acaf #gd #ebff #if #d #c4b-;in* caissons & limb]s #gba #ej #bhhf #jj #a comb9$ =ge & batt]y wagon #haf #jj #haf #jj #i sets artill]y-h>ness = #b :eel-horses #agj #ei #aece #ca #i sets artill]y-h>ness = #b lead-horses #ach #ha #abdi #bi ,,on ,,ea* ,,c>riage4 #a pair b[-spr+ recoil-brakes #fb #ej #a sponge & ramm]1 jo9t$1 = bore #f #jj #f #jj #b %ort ramm]s & sponges1 comb9$1 = *amb] #i #jj #ah #jj #a sponge-cov]1 bore-sponge #dj #dj #b sponge-cov]s1 *amb]-sponge #de #ij #a prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #h #fj #h #fj #a comb9ation screw-driv] #a #bh #a #bh #a gunn]s' gimlet #bd #bd #a gunn]s' ream] #ej #ej #a prim+-wire 9 trail-box #aj #aj #a v5t-pun* #ej #ej #a front sight #h #jj #h #jj ,,) ,,ea* ,,c>riage-,,limb]4 #a bree*-sight1 bronze #cf #jj #cf #jj #a bree*-sight p\* #a #ha #a #ha #b gunn]s' hav]sacks #b #bj #d #dj #b prim]-p\*es #a #cc #b #ff #b lany>ds1 new patt]n #fh #a #cf #a fuze-pun* #ej #ej #a front-sight cov] #fg #fg #a comb9$ tompion & muzzle-cov] #ic #ic #a bree*-cov] #c #gg #c #gg #a bree*-/rap #if #if #a sp]m-oil]1 rectangul>1 brass #ej #ej #a :eel-grease c #b #ji #b #ji #a :eel-grease c knife #ge #ge #b wat]+-buckets1 canvas1 fold+ #a #de #b #ij #a tool-box #a #cf #a #cf #a screw-wr5*1 #ab-;in* #di #di #a iron nut-wr5*1 #ab in*es long #a #ej #a #ej #a -in* cold *isel1 #h in*es long #be #be #a #h-;in* h& ba/>d file #jh #jh #a h&-hamm]1 #ab-;in* h&le #gj #gj #a small /eel pun* #ah #ah #a neck-yoke #h #jj #h #jj #a d\bletree #g #ee #g #ee #b s+letrees #b #cb #d #fd #b paul9s1 #ab #ab feet1 dy$ duck #i #gg #ai #ed #a cu%ion1 canvas & hair #g #dh #g #dh #a padlock = ammunition-*e/ #fj #fj ,,on ,,ea* ,,caisson-,,body4 #a manuvr+-h&spike #a #aj #a #aj #b %ovels1 long-h&l$ #ej #a #jj #b spades1 %ort-h&l$ #hj #a #fj #b pickaxes1 h&l$ #ge #a #ej #b axes1 h&l$ #ge #a #ej #b lant]ns1 ) ,cran/on atta*m5t #ei #a #ah #a prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #h #fj #h #fj #a sp>e pole #bf #af #f #af #a sp>e :eel#ad #b #jj #bb #jj #b paul9s1 #ab #ab feet1 dy$ duck #i #gg #ai #ed #b padlocks = ammunition-*e/ #fj #a #bj #b cu%ions1 canvas & hair #g #dh #ad #if ,,) ,,ea* ,,caisson-,,limb]4 #a :eel-grease c #b #ji #b #ji #a :eel-grease c knife #ge #ge #b paul9s1 #ab #ab feet1 dy$ duck #i #gg #ai #ed #a neck-yoke #h #jj #h #jj #a d\bletree #g #ee #g #ee #b s+letrees #b #cb #d #fd #b wat]+-buckets1 canvas1 fold+ #a #de #b #ij #a cu%ion1 canvas & hair4 #g #dh #g #dh #a padlock = ammunition-*e/ #fj #fj ,,on ,,limb] ,,( ,,=ge ,,& ,,batt]y-,,wagon4 #a neck-yoke #h #jj #h #jj #a d\bletree #g #ee #g #ee #b s+letrees #b #cb #d #fd #b paul9s1 #ab #ab feet #i #gg #i #gg #b wat]+-buckets1 canvas1 fold+ #a #de #a #de #a :eel-grease c #b #ji #b #ji #a :eel-grease c knife #b #ge #ge #a canvas coal-bag 7#c bu%els7 #dj #b #dj #bjj p\nds horse%oes #jc-i_/ajgh #jj #ej p\nds horse%oe-nails #af #h #jj ,blacksmi?'s tools 7=ge-*e/73 #a =ge1 portable1 ,empire 7modifi$ = army use7 #ai #ge #ai #ge #b aprons1 lea!r1 smi?'s #a #bi #b #eh #a hamm]1 h&1 h&l$ #gj #gj #a hamm]1 rivet+ #cj #cj #a hamm]1 %oe+ #be #be #a pair tongs = hold+ -in* iron #ge #ge #a pair tongs = hold+ -in* iron #ge #ge #a pair tongs1 smi?'s1 #aa-;in* #hd #hd #a *isel1 h&l$1 = cutt+ hot iron #ej #ej #a *isel1 h&l$1 = cutt+ cold iron #ej #ej #a =e-pun* & creas] 7on "o h&le7 #bb #bb #a *isel1 h&1 cold #be #be #a prit*el #jh #jh ,,on ,,limb] ,,( ,,=ge ,,& ,,batt]y-,,wagon4 #a %oe+-rasp1 #af-;in* #db #db #a flat ba/>d file1 #ab-;in* #af #af #a r\nd pun*1 h& #jg #jg #a h>die #ji #ji #a screw-wr5*1 #ab-;in* #di #di #b %oe+-knives #be #be #a toe-knife #jg #jg #a %oe+-p9c]s #db #db #a cl9*+-iron #cj #cj #a nail-pun* #jf #jf #a rule 7#b-;foot71 wood1 #d-;fold1 ,no4 #gb1 ,/anley #ae #ae #a squ>e1 /eel #dj #dj #a oil]1 brass #jg #jg #a %oe+-box1 sole-lea!r #a #ej #a #ej #a file-h&le1 iron1 #f-;in* #cj #cj #a wr5*1 small1 = =ge #ej #ej #a fire-rake #ad #ad #a fire-%ovel #bh #bh #b small canvas bags = nails & small /ores #fb #fb #a padlock 7& key7 #fj #fj ,,on ,,body ,,( ,,=ge ,,& ,,batt]y-,,wagon4 #b wat]-buckets1 galvaniz$ %eet-iron #a #aj #b #bj #a prolonge 7section ( picket-rope7 #h #fj #h #fj #b lant]ns1 ) ,cran/on atta*m5t #ei #a #ah #a oil-c1 sp]m 7#b p9ts7 #ej #ej #a oil-c1 coal 7#c gallons7 #c #bj #c #bj #a gr9d/one1 arbor1 crank1 & frame 7iron71 complete #af #be #af #be #a lunette-prop #gj #gj #b jackscrews #i #ej #ai #jj #a hamm]1 sl$ge1 m$ium #ij #ij #a anvil 7#ajj p\nds7 #e #be #e #be #a vise1 =ge #hd #hd #b padlocks 7& keys7 #fj #a #bj ,saddl]'s tools 7*e/73 #a saddl]'s tool-*e/ 7h&l$7 #ae #ae #ae #ae #a knife1 r\nd #ij #ij #a knife1 %oe #ag #ag #a draw-gauge #a #aj #a #aj #f awls1 /it*+1 h&l$ 7assort$7 #je #cc #a rivet-set 7two holes7 #be #be #a revolv+ pun*1 f\r tubes1 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g #ee #ee #a claw-tool #ab #ab #a compasses1 #f-;in* #ab #ab #a creas]1 wood #ag #ag #a cutt+-nipp]s1 #aj-;in* #a #ej #a #ej #a hamm]1 rivet+ #cj #cj #a edge-tool1 ,no4 #b #ab #ab #a rule 7#b-;foot71 ,no4 #ah1 #b-;fold #ae #ae #a oil-/one #b #gj #b #gj #a pli]s 7l>ge71 #f-;in* #be #be ,,on ,,body ,,( ,,=ge ,,& ,,batt]y-,,wagon4 #a driv+-pun*1 ,no4 #e #ji #ji #a /it*+-horse1 complete #c #fg #c #fg #b small canvas bags = small /ores #fb #a #bd ,c>p5t]'s & :eelwright's tools 7*e/73 #a c>p5t]'s & :eelwright's tool-*e/1 h&l$ #ae #ae #ae #ae #a brace ) #ab bits1 assort$ #a #ee #a #ee #a draw+-knife1 #ab-;in* #ej #ej #a h&-saw1 #bj-;in* #cj #cj #a rip-saw1 #bf-;in* #he #he #a h&-axe1 ,no4 #g #hd #hd #a hamm]1 claw #ej #ej #d *isels1 fram+---in*1 #a-;in*1 #a-;in*1 #b-;in* #a #cd #c g\ges1 fram+---in*1 #a-;in*1 #a-;in* #a #ce #a screw-wr5*1 #ab-;in* #di #di #a plane1 jack #db #db #a plane1 smoo?+ #dj #dj #a spoke-%ave #ah #ah #a rule 7#b-;foot71 ,no4 #gb1 #d-;fold1 ,/anley #ae #ae #aj brad-awls1 assort$1 ) 7& conta9$ 97 h&le #db #a squ>e1 try+1 #i-;in* #bb #bb #a awl1 scrib+ #jh #jh #ab files1 saw1 assort$--#d-;in* & #f-;in* #ff #a rasp1 wood1 #aj-;in* #cb #cb #a file1 wood1 #aj-;in* #ab #ab #a oil]1 brass #ab #ab #a oil-/one1 #h-;in* #b #gj #b #gj #a gauge #jf #jf #a compasses1 #aj-;in* w+ #be #be #a table-vise #a #dj #a #dj #a p9c]s1 small #ab #ab #a mallet1 wood #dj #dj #f aug]-bits---in*1 -in*1 -in*1 #a-;in*1 #a-;in*1 #a-;in* #a #dc #b screw-driv] bits---in* & -in* #ae #a pat5t aug]-h&le #ah #ah #c file-h&les1 iron--#d-;in* flat1 #d-;in* r\nd1 #e-;in* #fe #a l95 tape-l9e 7,*e/]man ,%effield71 #ajj feet #b #ce #b #ce #b small canvas bags = small /ores #fb #a #bd ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,supplies1 ,,clean+ ,,mat]ial1 ,,sp>e ,,p>ts1 ,,etc41 ,,c>ri$ ,,9 ,,batt]y-,,wagon ,,body4 ,,supplies4 #b sides lea!r1 bridle 7#bd p\nds74 #a side lea!r1 h>ness 7#bj p\nds74 #b p\nds beeswax4 #c p\nds black wax4 #cf buckles4 #b pap]s tacks1 copp]4 #c pap]s tacks1 iron4 #b p\nds rivets & burrs1 copp]4 #b p\nds ?read1 pat5t4 #e p\nds ?read1 %oe4 #e ne$les1 coll>4 #ej ne$les1 saddl]'s1 assort$4 #d ?imbles4 #aj p\nds nails4 #a gross wood screws4 #f pieces sa%-cord1 braid$ 7#ac p\nds74 #he p\nds b> iron1 assort$1 #dj p\nds toe-/eel4 #bej p\nds coal1 bitum9\s4 #c gallons coal-oil4 #ej p\nds :eel-grease4 ,,mat]ial ,,= ,,clean+ ,,& ,,pres]vation4 #d gallons neat's-foot oil 7#b cans74 #b p9ts sp]m-oil4 #bj p\nds h>ness-soap4 #aj p\nds sponge4 #d quires s&-pap]4 #f quires em]y-clo?4 #b p\nds rott5 /one4 #be pap]s tripoli4 ,,sp>e ,,p>ts--,,gun4 #d c>ri] lat*-p9s4 #h c>ri] lat*-p9 spr+s4 #b gas-*eck pads4 #a /eel split r+4 #d v5t-bu%+s1 copp]4 ,,sp>e ,,p>ts--,,c>riage4 #a b[-spr+ brake4 #b s+letrees4 #a d\bletree4 #a neck-yoke4 #d pole-pads4 #ab l9*-p9s4 #h l9*-wa%]s4 #d ammunition-*e/ bolts & nuts4 #b turnbuckles = ammunition-*e/s4 #b bree*-/rap eye-wa%]s4 #b nuts = assembl+-bolts = lazy-tongs4 #b spr+s = pole-prop at end ( pole4 #d lid-props4 #d lid-prop plate pivots4 #a p9tle-key & *a94 ,,sp>e ,,p>ts--,,h>ness4 #f brea/-/raps4 #f bridles & bits1 artill]y1 ,n4 ,p4 #d coll>s /eel4 #i gir?s1 hair1 artill]y1 ,n4 ,p4 #f halt]s1 artill]y1 ,n4 ,p4 #ej halt]-/raps4 #d m>t+ales4 #b neck-yoke pads4 #aj surc+les4 #b traces1 lead1 artill]y1 ,n4 ,p4 #b traces1 :eel1 artill]y1 ,n4 ,p4 ,,/eel ,,coll>4 #b trace-plates4 #d draft-spr+s4 #d pad-hooks4 #b pad bolts & nuts4 #b nuts = pad-bolts4 #b buckle-lat*es4 #f buckle-spr+s4 #f bolts & nuts = top connection4 #d nuts = top-connection bolts4 #f bolts & nuts = bottom ( coll>4 #d nuts = bottom bolts4 #f bolts & nuts = ext5sion4 #d nuts = ext5sion-bolts4 #f bolts & nuts = trace-plate4 #d nuts = trace-plate bolts4 #ab back-/raps4 #h back-/rap connections4 #f coll>-pads1 canvas4 ,,tools ,,& ,,implem5ts4 #c gunn]s' gimlets4 #c v5t-pun*es4 #c prim+-wires4 #b fuze-wr5*es4 #d fuze-pun*es4 #bd fuze-pun* p9s4 #a obturator sp9dle & wr5*4 #d :ips1 artill]y4 #b pickaxe-h&les4 #b axe-helves4 #d %ort ramm]s & sponges1 comb9$4 #a sponge & ramm]1 jo9t$4 #b sponge-heads & sponges = %ort ramm]s & sponges1 comb9$4 #a ramm]-head = %ort ramm]s & sponges1 comb9$4 #b sponge-heads & sponges = jo9t$ sponge & ramm]4 #a ramm]-head = jo9t$ sponge & ramm]4 ,,price-,,li/ ,,( ,,artill]y-,,h>ness4 7,,new ,,patt]n47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,:eel4 ,lead4 ------------------------- ,compon5ts4 ,ne> ,(f ,ne> ,(f ,horse4,horse4,horse4,horse4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,brea/-,,/rap4 c4 c4 c4 c4 ,/rap #he #he ,d\ble hooks1 #b #c4ej ea* #gjj #g #jj ,brea/-/rap complete #ghe #g #he ,,bree*+4 ,body #cih #cih ,side-/raps1 #b #ef;c4 ea* #aab #aab ,bree*+ complete #eaj #eaj ,,bridle4 ,curb-bit1 ,%oemak] #bbe #bbe #bbe #bbe ,curb-/rap #cd #cd #cd #cd ,*eek-pieces1 #b #bh;c4 ea* #ef #ef #ef #ef ,cr[npiece #be #be #be #be ,re9s #ajd #ajd #ajd #ajd ,?roat-la% #ae #ae #ae #ae ,br[-b& #bh #bh #bh #bh ,br[-b& ornam5ts1 #b #h;c4 ea* #af #af #af #af ,c\pl+-/rap #gj #gj ,bridle complete #ejc #egc #ejh #egh ,,halt]4 ,head-/all #aij #aij #aij #aij ,/rap #ej #ej #ej #ej ,halt] complete #bdj #bdj #bdj #bdj ,leg-gu>d #cbb ,lo9-/rap #ee #ee #ee #ee ,trace-loops1 #b #cb;c4 ea* #fd #fd #fd #fd ,m>t+ale #bad #bad ,,saddle4 ,saddle-trees1 lea!r-cov]$1 spr+ b> atta*$ #ibg #ibg #ibg #ibg ,back-/raps1 #b #hc;c4 ea* #aff #aff #aff #aff ,c9*a-/raps1 #b #ej;c4 ea* #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj ,/irrups1 brass1 #b #a4bj ea* #bdj #bdj #bdj #bdj ,/irrup /raps & sweat-lea!r atta*$1 #b #a4dh ea* #bif #bif #bif #bif ,ra:ide ?ongs1 #c #e;c4 ea* #ae #ae #ae #ae ,lead re9 roll] & /rap #ce #ce ,cantle-hook #bgj #bgj ,saddle complete #bjad #bjdi #agdd #aggi ,saddle-clo?1 hair #dej #dej #dej #dej ,saddle-clo?1 duck #bab #bab #bab #bab ,saddle-bags #eag #eag #eag #eag ,hair gir? #abj #abj #abj #abj ,traces1 :eel1 #b #g4jj ea* #adjj #adjj ,traces1 lead1 #b #h4ie ea* #agij #agij ,:ip #aad #aad ,coll>1 /eel lock+ #ijj #ijj #ijj #ijj ,crupp] & hip-/raps #bbc #bbc #agb #agb ,trace-loops1 #b #cb;c4 ea* #fd #fd ,crupp] & hip-/raps complete #bbc #bbc #bcf #bcf ---------------------- ,total #hgjj #hcei #fide #ficf ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,co/ ( "o set ( h>ness = #b :eel-horses #agj4ei ,co/ ( "o set ( h>ness = #b lead-horses #ach4ha ,,co/ ,,( ,,pack+ ,,outfit ,,= ,,hot*kiss ,,m\nta9-,,gun 7,,cal4 #a4fe-;,,in*74 ,pack-saddle = gun #dd4af ,crupp] #d4aj ,belly-c9*a #d4he ,saddle-c9*a #c4hi ,c>go-c9*a #i4bd ,:eel-/raps 4#ag ,hub-/raps 4#dj ,gun-pad #a4cj ,la%+-rope 4#be -------#fh4cf ,pack-saddle = c>riage #da4dd ,crupp] #d4aj ,belly-c9*a #c4fc ,saddle-c9*a #c4hi ,c>go-c9*a #f4de ,trail-/rap 4#ad ,la%+-rope 4#be ------- #ei4ij ,pack-saddle = ammunition #dh4id ,crupp] #d4aj ,belly-c9*a #c4fc ,saddle-c9*a #c4hi ,c>go-c9*a #c4ib ,la%+-rope 4#be ------- #fd4gc ,,h>ness1 ,,etc4 ,bridles1 #b at #a4ib ea* #c4hd ,brea/-coll>s1 #b at #b4gb ea* #e4dd ,m>t+ales1 #b at #gg c5ts ea* #a4ed ,bree*+s1 #b at #c4fa ea* #g4bb ,traces1 #b pairs at #a4cj p] pair #b4fj ,pole-/raps1 #b at #bf c5ts ea* 4#eb ------ #ba4af ,h>ness-sack #a4bf ,neck-yoke 4#ge ,neck-yoke brace 4#dj ,neck-yoke brace-billet & *apes 4#ab ------ #a4bg ,pole #da4ba ,spl9t]-b> #g4ea ,trail-hooks = atta*m5t ( spl9t]-b> #a4fj ------ #i4aa ,ammunition-boxes1 #d at #c4ah ea* #ab4gb ,c>tridge-pack #b4ed ------ ,total #bhb4bf ,,class ,,vi4 ,,(fic]s' ,,sabres4 ,sabre complete ) scabb>d #af4jj ,scabb>d #e4jj ,*amois case 4#ge ,,class ,,vi4 ,,sabre ,,& ,,knife ,,= ,,enli/$ ,,m54 ,sabre complete #e4jj ,hunt+-knife #a4aj ,,class ,,vii4 ,,artill]y ,,acc\trem5ts4 ,,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,price4 ,compon5ts4 ---------- ,dolls4,cts4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,light-artill]y sabre-belt1 ) sl+s1 etc4 #j4ii ,light-artill]y sabre-belt plate 4#ah ,light-artill]y sabre-belt complete #a #ag ,light-artill]y knapsack #d #jj ,pi/ol-c>tridge p\* #fj ,pi/ol-hol/] #gi ,sabre-knot #ee ,cante5 #ec ,cante5-/rap ) snap1 %ort1 = saddle #bj ,cante5-/rap = dism\nt$ s]vice #bi ,hav]sack #hh ,hav]sack-/rap #ef ,meat-c #bh ,t9 cup #ae ,knife #jg ,=k #je ,spoon #jb ,snap-hook = cante5-/rap #jb ,snap-hook = sabre-sl+ #cb ,,(fic]',s ,,black ,,lea!r ,,sword-,,belt ,,= ,,field ,,s]vice4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,price4 ,compon5ts4 ---------- ,dolls4,cts4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,wai/-belt #de ,slid+ loops1 lea!r1 #b at #b c5ts ea* #je ,belt-plate #ce ,belt-plate hasp #jh ,belt-slides1 lea!r1 ) ovals1 #b at #i c5ts ea* #ai ,long sl+ #ae ,%ort sl+ #jg ,belt-buckle #jg ,sl+-buttons1 #b at #i c5ts ea* #ai ,%ort-sl+ button ) hook #ab ,snap-hooks = sword-sl+s1 #b at #ee c5ts ea* #a #aj ---------- ,sword-belt complete #b #hb ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,note4--,all ! metallic p>ts ( ! (fic]'s sword-belt are ( brass1 gold-plat$4 ,,class ,,vii4 ,,horse ,,equipm5ts4 7,see also ,,artill]y-,,h>ness47 ,,saddle4 7,see ,artill]y-h>ness47 ,sabre-/raps1 #b at #aj c5ts ea* #j #ba ,/irrups1 wood 7)\t hoods71 #b at #ba c5ts ea* #db ,/irrup-hoods1 #b at #eg c5ts ea* #a #ae ,/irrup-/raps1 #b at #ej c5ts ea* #a #jj ,,curb-,,bridle4 7,see ,artill]y-h>ness47 ,,wat]+-,,bridle4 ,wat]+-bit complete #j #gc ,re9s #ej ------ ,wat]+-bridle complete #a #bc ,curry-comb #j #bc ,d\ble spr+ snap = l>iats #ad ,h>ness-sack = artill]y-h>ness #c #ae ,horse-bru% #ij ,horse-cov]1 cotton duck1 ) surc+le ( ! same mat]ial atta*$ #c #bi ,l>iat #hf ,l9k1 ) snap #bi ,mane-comb #jh ,nose-bag #ie ,picket-p9 #cd ,saddle-blanket1 artill]y #c #be ,saddle-clo? = (fic]s ( artill]y #e #je ,br[-b&1 sc>let1 (fic]'s #di ,brea/-/raps1 sc>let1 (fic]'s #b #ee ,side-l9es 7or hopples7 #a #bj ,/irrup1 ) hood & socket = guidon atta*$ #a #cd ,sweat-lea!rs1 ea* #ee ,surc+le #ia ,spurs1 p] pair #gj ,spur-/raps1 p] pair #bj ,,spurs ,,= ,,(fic]s4 #b spurs1 #fj c5ts ea* #a #bj #b spur-*a9s1 #dj c5ts ea* #hj #b spur-/raps1 #f c5ts ea* #ac #b spur-/rap buckles1 #ae c5ts ea* #ca #a pack+-box1 pa/ebo>d #je ---------- #a pair spurs #b #ej ,,/5cil ,,outfit4 #a /5cil-plate ( %eet brass1 ) coat ( arms ( ! s]vice1 numb] ( regim5t1 & lett] ( company #j #ge #aj metal /5cil-plates1 numb]s ,o to #i #af #a /5cil-bru% #ae #a box ( black m>k+-pa/e #jh #a pack+-box #af ---------- ,price ( /5cil outfit complete #a #ca ,,m>k+ ,,outfit4 #a /amp #a #jf #a /amp-hold] #ee #b ?umb-screws1 at #d c5ts ea* #jh #a company lett] #je #ai figures & #a blank1 at #c c5ts ea* #fj #a brass mallet #di #a ink-pad #je #a glass bottle1 gr\nd-glass /opp] #aj #d ounces indelible ink #ji #a ink+-/ick #jb #a pack+ box #dc ---------- ,price ( m>k+ outfit complete #c #ec ,9 ,class ,,iii4 ,artill]y ,implem5ts & ,equipm5ts4 ,lant]ns1 common #a #jj d>k #a #be globe #a #be ,,supply ,,table ,,( ,,ordnance ,,/ores ,,= ,,six ,,mon?s ,,( ,a ,,f\r-,,gun ,,batt]y ,,( ,,light ,,artill]y--#c4b-;,,in* ,,rifles4 ,exp5dible /ores are m>k$ ) a /> 7?us 9971 & mu/ n be dropp$ until actually us$4 ,i4 ,batt]y ,equipm5t4 #d %ort ramm]s & sponges comb9$4 #a sponge & ramm]1 jo9t$4 #b sponge-hds4--*amb]-sponge99 #a sponge-head--bore-sponge499 #b ramm]-heads--*amb]499 #a ramm]-head--bore499 #h sponges1 wooll51 *amb]499 #d sponges1 wooll51 bore499 #b sponge-cov]s--bore-sponge4 #c sponge-cov]s--*amb]-sponge4 #f wat]+-buckets1 canvas1 fold+4 #d lany>ds = friction-prim]s4 #b v5t-pun*es4 #b gunn]'s ream]s4 #d prim+-wires4 #a fuze-wr5*4 #b paul9s 7#ab feet by #ab feet74 #a sp>e pole499 #a neck-yoke499 #a d\bletree 99 #b s+letrees499 #e keys & *a9s499 #f wa%]s1 l9*499 #b pole-pads499 #b pickaxe-h&les499 #c axe-helves499 #b gas-*eck pads4 #ab fuze-pun* p9s4 #b axes1 h&4 #b %ovels1 long-h&l$4 #f files1 h&1 saw1 assort$4 #f files1 wood4 #a hamm]1 h&4 #a knife1 %oe & saddl]'s4 #b rasps1 wood1 #aj-;in*4 #a nipp]4 #a pair b[-spr+ recoil-brakes4 ,,ii4 ,h>ness1 etc4 #f bridles1 artill]y4 #f bridles1 wat]+1 cavalry patt]n4 #f brea/-/raps4 #i gir?s1 hair4 #ae halt]s1 ,n4 ,p4 #ej halt]-/raps499 #ae nose-bags4 #bj saddle-blankets1 r$4 #aj saddle-clo?s1 r$4 #aj surc+les4 #b traces1 lead499 #b traces1 :eel499 ,,iii4 ,equipm5ts1 etc4 #ab cante5s & /raps4 #aj hav]sacks & /raps4 #f spurs & /raps4 #f sabre-belts & plates4 #cj currycombs4 #ej horse-bru%es4 #h :ips1 artill]y4 ,,exp5dible ,,supplies ,,= ,,six ,,mon?s4 ,i4 ,mat]ials = ,clean+ & ,pres]vation4 #d quires s&-pap]4 #e quires crocus-clo?4 #f quires em]y-clo?4 #ab p\nds putz pomade4 #b p\nds rott5-/one4 #ej pap]s tripoli4 #bj p\nds h>ness-soap4 #aj p\nds ,ca/ile soap4 #e p\nds borax4 #f p\nds cosmol9e4 #f p\nds h>ness-oil4 #be p\nds cotton wa/e4 #aj p\nds sponge4 #d gallons neat's-foot oil4 #b gallons sp]m-oil4 #c gallons asphalt v>ni%4 #b qu>ts black+ = lea!r4 ,,ii4 ,pa9ts1 etc4 #be p\nds pa9t1 lead-color$4 #be p\nds pa9t1 black4 #ge p\nds pa9t1 olive4 #a p\nds pa9t1 fir/ coat = #c4b-;in* rifle4 #a p\nds pa9t1 second coat = #c4b-;in* rifle4 #b p\nds lampblack4 #b p\nds extract ( logwood4 #ej p\nds :eel-grease4 #d gallons l9se$-oil1 boil$4 #c gallons spirits ( turp5t9e4 #c pieces sa%-cord4 #f bru%es1 pa9t4 #d sa%-tools4 ,,iii4 ,saddl]'s ,mat]ials4 #aej p\nds h>ness-lea!r4 #c sides bridle-lea!r4 #b sides ra:ide4 #a p\nd beeswax4 #b p\nds black wax4 #c p\nds ?read1 %oe4 #b p\nds ?read1 l951 pat5t ,no4 #ce4 #b ounces bri/les4 #c p\nds rivets & burrs1 copp]4 #cjjj tacks1 iron4 #bjjj tacks1 copp] 7#ajjj ( #ab-ounce1 #ajjj ( #bj-ounce74 #add wood-screws1 #a-;in*1 ,no4 #h4 #fj buckles 7#bj1 -in*2 #bj1 -in*2 #bj1 #a-;in*74 #dj buckles1 #a-;in*1 gir?4 #ae buckles1 iron1 roll]1 l-in*4 #fj saddle-nails1 japann$4 #bj awls1 saddl]s'1 assort$4 #f awl-h&les4 #ej ne$les1 saddl]s'1 assort$4 #d ne$les1 coll>4 ,,annual ,,all[ance ,,( ,,ammunition4 ,= ea* batt]y ( artill]y equipp$ z a batt]y ( horse-artill]y or a light batt]y1 & s]v+ z su*3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,gun4 ,maximum ,*>ge4 ,no4 ( projectiles = ea* gun ( ! comm&4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #c4b-;in* rifle #c lbs4 ,l4 ,x4 ,q4 p[d] #be /&>d projectiles ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon #ajj /&>d projectiles4 #c4f-;in* mort>,= ea* batt]y3 7a7 ,fifte5 %ells )\t fuzes 7%ell balla/$72 7b7 five full *>ges1 #af ounces4 ,t5 #h ounce *>ges1 compris+ ea* "o #e-ounce & "o #c-ounce *>ge b\nd toge!r2 ^! c be us$ z #c-ounce1 #e-ounce1 #h-ounce1 or #aa-ounce *>ges4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,ea* batt]y equipp$ z a batt]y ( horse-artill]y or a light batt]y w be all[$ = in/ruction1 o!r ?an t>get practice1 z _m blank c>tridges & friction-prim]s z may be deem$ necess>y by ! batt]y comm&] & approv$ by ! po/ comm&]4 ,= batt]ies arm$ ) ! ,hot*kiss bree*-load+ m\nta9-gun !re w be all[$ = ! annual t>get practice tw5ty-five /&>d projectiles = ea* gun ( ! comm&1 or _! equival5t 9 money value if reload$4 ,= ea* ma*9e-gun ( small-arm calibre !re w be all[$ = ! annual t>get practice two ?\s& ball c>tridges1 or _! equival5t 9 money value if reload$4 ,blank c>tridges = salutes & = fir+ ! morn+ & ev5+ gun3 #c4b-;in* rifle1 #b lbs4 ,i4 ,k4 p[d]4 #c-;in* rifle1 #a lb4 ( ei!r mort>1 cannon1 or ,i4 ,k4 p[d]4 #f-pdr4 bronze gun1 #a lb4 ( ei!r mort>1 cannon1 or ,i4 ,k4 p[d]4 ,light #ab-pdr4 bronze gun1 #a lbs4 ( ei!r mort>1 cannon1 or ,i4 ,k4 p[d]4 ,,vet]9>y ,,m$ic9es4 ,vet]9>y m$ic9es1 in/rum5ts1 & supplies = ! treatm5t ( all public animals1 & ! au?oriz$ private horses ( m\nt$ (fic]s1 are furni%$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s ,dep>tm5t4 ,requisitions & e/imates = vet]9>y supplies w be made 9 con=mity ) ! /&>d supply table4 ,only ! articles & ! quantities !re( t are actually ne$$ w be plac$ on ! requisition4 ,! quantity prescrib$ 9 ! table is n to be consid]$ an all[ance1 b z a limit n to be exce$$ )\t special au?ority4 ,! /&>d supplies ( vet]9>y m$ic9es & dress+s are "u *>ge ( ! qu>t]ma/]1 to be issu$ by him to ! diff]5t comm&s at ! po/ ^u approv$ requisitions 9 su* quantities & ( su* articles z may be deem$ requisite1 9 con=mity ) ! /&>d supply table4 ,batt]y comm&]s mu/ d$uct f ! all[ance1 9 mak+ requisition1 ! quantity ( ea* article on h& & available = issue4 ,vet]9>y in/rum5ts & books rema9 9 ! cu/ody ( ! po/ qu>t]ma/]1 & are loan$ z ne$$4 ,! panni]1 pocket-case1 & saddle-bags are easily improvis$1 & are omitt$ f ! table4 ,= a great] or less numb] ( animals ?an are provid$ = 9 ! table ! proportions indicat$ w be obs]v$ 9 requisitions & issues4 ,?is table is ample & suffici5tly v>i$ = ord9>y practice2 b 9 ord] to provide = ! necessities ( epidemics1 & to indulge1 z f> z practicable1 individual pref]5ce & tra9+1 a special requisition = articles n 9 ! supply table1 ) an explanation ( ! nature ( ! em]g5cy or case r5d]+ x necess>y1 may be =w>d$ ?r\gh ! regul> *annels = ! action ( ! qu>t]ma/]-g5]al4 ,,/&>d ,,supply ,,table4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,articles4 ,quantities4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,m$ic9es ,,= ,,?ree ,,mon?s' ,,supply-- ,= #ajj ,= #bjj ,= #cjj ,animals4,animals4,animals4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,acid1 c>bolic1 cry/alliz$ oz4 #af #ah #bd ,aconite1 t9cture ( ! root oz4 #d #d #h ,alcohol gals4 #a #b #c ,aloes1 ,b>badoes oz4 #bj #bj #cj ,ammonia1 aromatic spirits ( lbs4 #b #c #d ,ammonia1 c>bonate ( lbs4 #a #a #b ,ammonia1 solution ( gals4 #a #b #c ,belladonna1 fluid extract ( oz4 #d #f #h ,camphor lbs4 #a #a #b ,can?>ides 7,spani% flies71 p[d]$ oz4 #b #c #d ,*>coal1 p[d]$ lbs4 #a #a #b ,cosmol9e1 vet]9>y lbs4 #d #h #ab ,e!r1 spirits ( nitr\s 7sweet spirits ( nitre7 lbs4 #c #f #h ,e!r1 sulphuric lbs4 #b #c #d ,flaxse$-meal lbs4 #be #cj #dj ,g+]1 p[d]$ lbs4 #b #c #d ,g5tian1 p[d]$ lbs4 #b #c #d ,glyc]9e oz4 #h #ab #af ,iron1 sulphate ( desiccat$ oz4 #h #aj #ab ,lime1 *loride ( lbs4 #be #ej #ge ,lun>1 cau/ic oz4 #a #a #b ,oil1 l9se$ gals4 #b #c #d ,opium1 t9cture ( lbs4 #c #d #f ,oil1 olive gals4 #a #b #c ,pepp]1 ,cay5ne1 gr\nd lbs4 #a #a #b ,potassa1 nitrate ( 7saltpetre7 lbs4 #c #d #f ,soap1 ,ca/ile lbs4 #aj #ae #bj ,soda1 bic>bonate ( lbs4 #d #h #ab ,sulphur1 wa%$ lbs4 #b #c #d ,turp5t9e1 oil ( gals4 #b #c #d ,z9c1 sulphate ( oz4 #h #aj #ab ,,dress+s ,,= ,,six ,,mon?s' ,,supply4 ,b&ages #b in*es wide & #d y>ds long1 ( heavy b$-tick+ doz4 #b #c #d ,b&ages #d in*es wide & #d y>ds long ( heavy r$ flannel doz4 #b #c #d ,oakum lbs4 #aj #ae #bj ,silk = ligatures oz4 #a ,sponges1 co>se lbs4 #a #a #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,in/rum5ts ,,= ,,ea* ,,po/-- ,( #ajj ,( #bjj ,( #cjj ,animals4,animals4,animals4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,ball =ceps no4 #a #b #c ,bi/\ries no4 #a #b #c ,ca!t]s1 gum1 ) /ylet no4 #a #b #b ,corkscrews no4 #a #b #b ,dr5*+-horns1 t9 no4 #b #b #d ,fleams 7#c blades7 no4 #b #d #f ,funnels1 t9 no4 #a #b #c ,graduate glasses1 #f-oz4 no4 #a #b #c ,hobbles1 ca/+ no4 #a #b #c ,hones no4 #a #b #c ,lancets no4 #c #f #h ,measures1 t91 sets no4 #a #b #c ,mort>s & pe/les1 w$gewood1 l>ge no4 #a #b #c ,ne$les1 surgeons' no4 #h #aj #ab ,ne$les1 ,seaton no4 #h #aj #ab ,probangs1 celluloid1 9 two pieces no4 #a #b #c ,scales & weights1 %op no4 #a #b #b ,scissors1 curv$ no4 #b #d #f ,sl+s1 susp5d+ no4 #a #b #b ,spatulas no4 #a #b #c ,speculums1 m\? no4 #a #b #c ,syr+es1 rubb]1 #b-oz4 no4 #a #b #b ,syr+es1 rubb]1 #bd-oz4 no4 #a #b #b ,!rmomet]s1 cl9ical no4 #a #b #b ,too?-rasps no4 #a #b #c ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,books ,,= ,,ea* ,,(fic] ,,9 ,,*>ge ,,(-- #ajj #bjj #cjj ,animals4,animals4,animals4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,blank books1 #b-quire1 = record ( cases no4 #a #b #b ,practical ,horse-%oe+1 ,flem+ no4 #a #b #b ,! ,f>m]'s ,vet]9>y ,advis]1 ,laws no4 #a #b #b ,or1 ,army ,vet]9>y ,manual1 ,holcombe no4 #a #b #b ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,tablew>e ,,& ,,kit*5 ,,ut5sils ,,all[$ ,a ,,light ,,batt]y4 ,d9n]-plates #ge ,s\p-plates #ge ,meat-plates #g ,cups & sauc]s #ge ,wat]-pit*]s #g ,vegetable-di%es #ch ,articles ( *9a & glassw>e ,salt-cell>s #ad ^u :i* an all[ance ( ,pepp]-boxes #ad #bj p] c5t p] annum ( total ,syrup-pit*]s #ad value is made4 ,b[ls #ge ,pickle-di%es #i ,sug>-b[ls #ad ,gravy-boats #ad ,mu/>d-pots #ad ,tumbl]s #ge ,dipp]s #g ,s\p-ladles #g ,skimm]s #b ,di%pans #d ,ba/+-spoons #g ,tea-spoons #ge ,table-spoons #ge ,table-=ks #ge ,table-knives #ge ,bread-knives #d ,but*]-knives #d ,*opp+-b[ls #d ,c(fee-mills #a ,meat-saws #b ,scales & weights #a ,fry+-pans #d ,meat-=ks #g ,meat-*opp]s or meat-cutt]s #b ,c>v+-sets #b ,cleav]s #a ,mu/>d-spoons #ad ,fl\r-sieves #a ,c-op5]s #g ,grat]s #b ,,all[ance ,,( ,,clo?+4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,ye>4 ------------------------ ,articles4 ,fir/4 ---------------------- #a/ #bnd ,second4,?ird4 #f #f mos4 mos4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,helmets & trimm+s complete ,no4 #a 444 444 #a ,=age-caps & trimm+s ,no4 #a #a #a #a ,campaign hats ,no4 #a 444 #a #a ,uni=m coats ,no4 #a 444 444 #a ,tr\s]s pairs #b #a #b #b ,canvas fatigue coats ,no4 #a 444 #a #a ,canvas fatigue tr\s]s pairs #a 444 #a #a ,l95 coll>s ,no4 #d #b #f #f ,d>k blue flannel %irts ,no4 #b #a #b #b ,knit und]%irts ,no4 #b #a #c #c ,draw]s pairs #b #a #c #c ,boots = m\nt$ troops pairs #a 444 #a 444 ,%oes = m\nt$ troops pairs #a #a #a #b ,b>rack %oes pairs #a 444 #a #a ,/ock+s1 wooll5 pairs #c #a #d #d ,/ock+s1 cotton pairs #c #c #f #f ,bl\ses ,no4 #a 444 #a #a ,ov]coats ,no4 #a 444 444 444 ,*evrons1 clo? pairs #b 444 #a #a ,*evrons1 gold lace pairs #a 444 444 #a ,/ripes = tr\s]s pairs #b #a #b #b ,/able frock = m\nt$ troops ,no4 #a 444 444 #a ,ov]alls = m\nt$ troops pairs #a 444 #a #a ,blankets wooll5 ,no4 #a 444 444 #a ,b]l9 gloves = m\nt$ troops pairs #b #b #d #d ,lea!r gauntlets pairs #a 444 #a 444 ,susp5d]s pairs #a 444 #a #a ,cork helmets 9 lieu ( campaign hats#ae ,no4 #a 444 444 #a ,arctic ov]%oes#ae pairs #a 444 #a 444 ,wooll5 mitt5s#ae pairs #b 444 #b #b ,ov]coats1 fur or o!r suitable mat]ial#ae ,no4#aaf 444 444 444 ,fur caps#ae ,no4 #a 444 #a #a ,fur gauntlets#ae pairs4 #a 444 #a #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,ye>4 -------------- ,articles4 ,ye>4 ,total ------------- = ,f\r?4,fif?4 five ye>s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,helmets & trimm+s complete ,no4 444 444 #b ,=age-caps & trimm+s ,no4 #a #a #f ,campaign hats ,no4 #a #a #e ,uni=m coats ,no4 444 444 #b ,tr\s]s pairs #b #a #aj ,canvas fatigue coats ,no4 #a #a #e ,canvas fatigue tr\s]s pairs #a #a #e ,l95 coll>s ,no4 #f #f #cj ,d>k blue flannel %irts ,no4 #b #b #aa ,knit und]%irts ,no4 #c #c #ae ,draw]s pairs #c #c #ae ,boots = m\nt$ troops pairs #a 444 #c ,%oes = m\nt$ troops pairs #a #a #g ,b>rack %oes pairs #a #a #e ,/ock+s1 wooll5 pairs #d #d #bj ,/ock+s1 cotton pairs #f #f #cj ,bl\ses ,no4 #a #a #e ,ov]coats ,no4 444 444 #a ,*evrons1 clo? pairs #a #a #f ,*evrons1 gold lace pairs 444 444 #b ,/ripes = tr\s]s pairs #b #a #aj ,/able frock = m\nt$ troops ,no4 444 444 #b ,ov]alls = m\nt$ troops pairs #a #a #e ,blankets wooll5 ,no4 444 444 #b ,b]l9 gloves = m\nt$ troops pairs #d #d #bj ,lea!r gauntlets pairs #a 444 #c ,susp5d]s pairs #a #a #e ,cork helmets 9 lieu ( campaign hats#ae ,no4 444 444 #b ,arctic ov]%oes#ae pairs 444 444 #b ,wooll5 mitt5s#ae pairs #b #b #aj ,ov]coats1 fur or o!r suitable mat]ial#ae ,no4 444 444 444 ,fur caps#ae ,no4 #a #a #e ,fur gauntlets#ae pairs4 #a #a #e ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,all[ance ,,( ,,equipage4 ,,9 ,,camp ,,or ,,g>rison4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,t5ts4 ------------------- ,conical,wall4,common4,axes4,hat*ets4 wall4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,a g5]al (fic] 444 #c 444 #a #a ,field & /aff (fic] above rank ( capta9 444 #b 444 #a #a ,o!r /aff (fic]s or capta9s 444 #a 444 #a #a ,subalt]ns ( companies1 to e two 444 #a 444 #a #a ,to e #f foot or #d m\nt$ m5 444 444 #a 444 444 ,to e #ae foot or #ac m\nt$ m5 444 444 444 #b #b ,to e #bj foot or #ag m\nt$ m5 #a 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,camp- ,mess- ,spades4,pickaxes4kettles4pans4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,a g5]al (fic] 444 444 444 444 ,field & /aff (fic] above rank ( capta9 444 444 444 444 ,o!r /aff (fic]s or capta9s 444 444 444 444 ,subalt]ns ( companies1 to e two 444 444 444 444 ,to e #f foot or #d m\nt$ m5 444 444 444 444 ,to e #ae foot or #ac m\nt$ m5 #b #b #b #e ,to e #bj foot or #ag m\nt$ m5 444 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,t5ts ,,= ,,! ,,sick1 ,,_! ,,att5dants1 ,,& ,,hospital ,,supplies4 ------------------------------------- ,t5ts4 ---------------- ,hospital4,common4 ------------------------------------ ,= #a company #a #a #b companies #a #a #c #b #a #d #b #a #e #c #a #f #c #a #g #c #a #h #c #a #i #d #a #aj #d #a ------------------------------------- ,,corn ,,brooms ,,& ,,scrubb+-,,bru%es4 ,to ea* batt]y1 )\t reg>d to its num]ical /r5g?1 #c corn brooms & #b scrubb+-bru%es p] mon?4 ,,b>rack ,,*airs4 ,"o = ea* non-commission$ (fic]4 ,"o = e two enli/$ m5 ( all o!r grades4 ,,all[ance ,,( ,,/oves1 ,,fuel1 ,,lamps1 ,,oil1 ,,(fice ,,furniture1 ,,& ,,/ation]y ,,= ,a ,,light ,,batt]y4 ,/oves4--#c l>ge /oves 9 ea* dormitory1 #a l>ge /ove 9 ea* mess-room & day-room1 #a small /ove = ea* ( ! two rooms = non-commission$ (fic]s1 #a small /ove = ! read+-room1 blacksmi?-%op1 c>p5t]-%op1 saddle-%op1 & gu>d-room ea*1 & "o cook+-/ove or range = ! kit*54 ,fuel 7mon?ly74--,= ea* enli/$ man #a_/ab cord ( wood f ,may #a to ,augu/ #ca1 & #a cord f ,sept4 #a to ,april #cj4 ,/ations betwe5 #cf & #dc degs4 ,n4 lat4 #ag increase2 /ations fur!r nor? increase4 ,= gu>ds1 n to exce$ #c cords f ,sept4 #a to ,april #cj1 ) cord increase = /ations betwe5 #cf & #dc degs4 ,n4 lat42 & #a cord = ^? fur!r nor?4 ,lamps4--,"o burn] = e t5 7#aj7 m5 & e fraction !re(1 :5 fraction is five or m1 ( maximum /r5g? ( organization1 & lamps or lant]ns1 n exce$+ #c = ea* b>racks1 = light+ int]ior passage-ways4 ,(fice1 gu>d-h\se & fir/ s]geant ea* a lamp ) s+le burn]4 ,/ables1 numb] ( lamps or lant]ns requir$1 approv$ by dep>tm5t comm&]4 ,oil 7mon?ly74--,f\r ounces p] burn] = #a-;94 wicks & #b ounces = small] wicks dur+ ea* h\r ( au?oriz$ illum9ation4 7#a gal4 = #bf h\rs = l>ge burn]1 or #eb h\rs = small burn]47 ,(fice ,furniture4--,to ea* desk1 #a ink-/&1 #a pap]-fold]1 #a rul]1 #a /eel eras]1 #a piece ( india-rubb]1 & #d lead-p5cils4 ,/ation]y 7qu>t]ly74--,batt]y comm&]3 #f qrs4 writ+-pap]1 qr4 envelope-pap]1 #aj %eets blott+-pap]1 #bj p5s1 #b p5-hold]s1 #a p9t black ink1 #a oz4 r$ ink1 p9t mucilage1 #c oz4 seal+-wax1 #a piece (fice tape1 #hj envelopes4 ,,table ,,( ,,weights ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,articles ,,( ,,clo?+ ,,& ,,equipage4 ,article4 ,lbs4 ,oz4 ,article4 ,lbs4 ,oz4 ,ov]coat #f #h ,/ock+s1 pair #d ,bl\se #b ,gauntlets1 pair #g ,/able frock #a #d ,boots1 pair #d #h ,ov]alls #a #b ,%oes1 pair #b #f ,draw]s #ad ,legg9s1 pair #h ,tr\s]s #b #f ,blankets #e ,d4 ,b4 ,f4 %irt #a #d ,pon*o #b #h ,knit und]%irt #a ,rubb] blankets #b #h ,mess-pan #a #aj ,spade #e ,camp-kettle #e #h ,%ovel1 long #d #aj ,axe & helve #f #d ,%ovel1 %ort #e ,hat*et & helve #a #h ,pickaxe & helve #g #ab ,,table ,,( ,,mon?ly ,,pay ,,( ,,enli/$ ,,m54 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,ye> ( enli/m5t ,fir/,second,?ird,f\r?,fif? ,ye>4 ,ye> ,ye>4 ,ye>4,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,rank ,,& ,,s]vice4 ,company4 ,private--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry ,private 7#b;d class7--eng9e]s & ordnance #ac #ac #ad #ae #af ,musician--eng9e]s1 artill]y1 & infantry ,trumpet]--cavalry ,wagon]--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry #ad ,n entitl$ to ,artific]--artill]y & additional infantry #ae pay4#ah ,private--hospital corps #ah #ah #ai #bj #ba ,corporal--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry #ae #ae #af #ag #ah ,blacksmi?1 f>ri]1 & saddl]--cavalry ,s]geant--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry #ah #ah #ai #bj #baai ,private 7#a/ class7--eng9e]s & ordnance #ag #ag #ah #ai #bj ,corporal--eng9e]s & ordnance #bj #bj #ba #bb #bc ,fir/ s]geant--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry #be #be #bf #bg #bhai ,s]geant--eng9e]s1 ordnance1 & signal corps #cd #cd #ce #cf #cg #a/ class s]geant--signal corps #de #de #df #dg #dh ,regim5t4 ,*ief trumpet] ,saddl] s]geant--cavalry #bb #bb #bc #bd #be ,pr9cipal musician--artill]y & infantry ,*ief musician--artill]y1 ,n entitl$ to cavalry1 & infantry #fj additional pay4#ah ,s]geant-major--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry #bc #bc #bd #be #bf ,q4 ,m4 s]geant--artill]y1 cavalry1 & infantry ,s]geant-major & ,q4 ,m4 s]geant--eng9e]s #cf #cf #cg #ch #ci ,vet]9>y surgeon 7s5ior7 #ajj ,n entitl$ to any ,vet]9>y surgeon 7junior7 #ge additional pay4 ,po/4 ,ordnance s]geant ,commiss>y s]geant #cd #cd #ce #cf #cg ,po/ qu>t]ma/]-s]geant ,hospital /ew>d #de #de #df #dg #dh ,act+ hospital /ew>d #be #be #bf #bg #bh ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,on re-enli/+ aft] #e ye>s' s]vice1 #b4jj p] mon? 9 addition to pay receiv$ at "t ( dis*>ge 7#a4jj is reta9$71 & = ea* #e ye>s' cont9u\s s]vice !reaft] a fur!r sum ( #a4jj p] mon?4 ,! pay ( a man :o has ev] re-enli/$ "u ! act ( ,augu/ #d1 #ahed1 & comes into ! s]vice aga91 comm5ces ) pay = fif? ye>4 ,a c]tificate ( m]it entitles a soldi] to #b4jj p] mon? additional pay1 comm5c+ on ! date ( r5d]+ di/+ui%$ s]vice1 & cont9u+ ?r\gh all subsequ5t s]vice z an enli/$ man4 ,enli/$ m5 7retir$7 are entitl$ to ?ree f\r?s ( ! mon?ly pay all[$ by law to !m 9 ! grade !y held :5 retir$1 ) commutation ( clo?+ & rations4 ,,summ>y ,,c\rt4 ,:5 *>ges are pref]r$ aga9/ an enli/$ man = (f5ces cognizable by inf]ior c\rts-m>tial1 !y w be laid be=e ! po/ comm&]1 :o1 if he ?9ks t ! accus$ %\ld be tri$1 w cause him to be br\ght be=e ! summ>y c\rt4 ,"h he w be arraign$ & all[$ to plead1 accord+ to ! practice ( c\rts-m>tial4 ,if an accus$ nei!r dem&s a removal ( 8 case to a regim5tal or g>rison c\rt-m>tial2 nor1 be+ a non-commission$ (fic] above ! rank ( corporal1 objects to trial by inf]ior c\rt-m>tial2 nor objects to be tri$ by ! (fic] second 9 rank on ! gr\nd ( 8 be+ ! accus]2 nor pleads guilty1 witnesses w be sworn & evid5ce receiv$1 ! accus$ be+ p]mitt$ to te/ify 9 8 own behalf & make a /atem5t2 b ! evid5ce & /atem5t w n be record$4 ,:5 ! summ>y c\rt %all h arriv$ at a f9d+ & judgm5t1 ! summ>y c\rt record book1 ) ! entries !re9 made 9 accordance ) ! head+s ( its columns1 w be laid be=e ! po/ comm&] = 8 action1 :i* also w be ent]$ 9 ! record book1 dat$ & sign$4 ,:5 a case is he>d by ! po/ comm&]1 ! proce$+s w be record$ 9 ! same book4 ,no o!r record ( ! proce$+s w be kept1 & trials by summ>y c\rt w n be publi%$ 9 ord]s4 ,:5 a po/ comm&] sits z a summ>y c\rt1 no approval ( ! s5t5ce is requir$ by law1 b he %\ld sign ! s5t5ce z po/ comm&] & date 8 signature4 ,,record ,,( ,,summ>y ,,c\rt ,,at44444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,no4 ,"n1 ,article ,synopsis ( ,f9d+4 ,no4 ( rank1 ( ,w> specification4 previ\s company1 ,violat$4 convictions4 & regim5t4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ------------------- ,s5t5ce1,action ( ) comm&+ signature (fic]1 ( trial) date (fic]4 & signature4 ------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,prescrib$ ,,puni%m5ts ,,= ,,enli/$ ,,m54 ,,article ,i4 ,9 all cases ( des]tion ! s5t5ce may include di%onorable dis*>ge & =feiture ( pay & all[ances4 ,subject to ! modifications au?oriz$ 9 ,section #c ( ?is article ! limit ( ! t]m ( conf9em5t 7at h>d labor7 = des]tion %all be z foll[s3 ,,section #a4 ,9 case ( surr5d]-- 7a7 ,:5 ! des]t] surr5d]s himself aft] an abs5ce ( n m ?an ?irty days1 "o ye>4 7b7 ,:5 ! surr5d] is made aft] an abs5ce ( m ?an ?irty days1 eighte5 mon?s4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,9 case ( appreh5sion-- 7a7 ,:5 at ! "t ( des]tion ! des]t] %all n h be5 m ?an six mon?s 9 ! s]vice1 eighte5 mon?s4 7b7 ,:5 he %all h be5 m ?an six mon?s 9 ! s]vice1 two & "o half ye>s4 ,,sec4 #c4 ,! =ego+ limitations are subject to modification "u ! foll[+ conditions3 7a7 ,! puni%m5t ( a des]t] may be increas$ by "o ye> ( conf9em5t at h>d labor 9 consid]ation ( ea* previ\s conviction ( des]tion4 7b7 ,! puni%m5t = des]tion :5 jo9$ 9 by two or m soldi]s 9 ! execution ( a conspiracy1 or = des]tion 9 ! pres5ce ( an outbreak ( ,indians or ( any unlawful assemblage :i* ! troops may be oppos+1 %all n exce$ di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & conf9em5t at h>d labor = five ye>s4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,except z h]e9 o!rwise indicat$ puni%m5t %all n exce$ ! limits prescrib$ 9 ! foll[+ table3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,(f5ces4 ,limits ( puni%m5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,"u #ag,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,sell+ horse or arms1 or bo? ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & conf9em5t at h>d labor = ?ree ye>s4 ,sell+ acc\trem5ts ,f\r mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,sell+ clo?+ ,two mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,los+ or spoil+ horse ,f\r mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d or arms ?r\gh neglect4 labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,los+ or spoil+ acc\trem5ts,"o mon?'s conf9em5t at h>d or clo?+ ?r\gh neglect4 labor & =feiture ( #aj2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,,"u #bj,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,behav+ himself ) disrespect,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d to 8 comm&+ (fic]4 labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,,"u #bd,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,refusal to obey or us+ ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 ) viol5ce to (fic] or =feiture ( all pay & non-commission$ (fic] all[ances & conf9em5t :ile quell+ qu>rels or at h>d labor = two ye>s4 disord]s4 ,,"u #ca,,/ ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,ly+ out ( qu>t]s ,=feiture ( #b2 corporal1 #c2 s]geant1 #d4 ,,"u #cb;,d ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,abs5ce )\t leave--#bj ,less ?an "o h\r ,=feiture ( #a2 corporal1 #b2 s]geant1 #c2 #a/ s]geant or non-commission$ (fic] ( high] grade1 #d4 ,f "o to six h\rs#ba ,=feiture ( #b2 corporal1 #c2 s]geant1 #d2 #a/ s]geant or non-commission$ (fic] ( high] grade1 #e4 ,f six to twelve h\rs ,=feiture ( #c2 corporal1 #d2 s]geant1 #f2 #a/ s]geant or non-commission$ (fic] ( high] grade1 #g4 ,f twelve to tw5ty-f\r ,=feiture ( #e2 corporal1 #f2 h\rs4 s]geant1 #g2 #a/ s]geant or non-commission$ (fic] ( high] grade1 #aj4 ,f tw5ty-f\r to =ty-eight ,=feiture ( #f & five days' ,h\rs4 conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,= corporal1 =feiture ( #h2 s]geant1 #aj2 #a/ s]geant or non-commission$ (fic] ( high] grade1 #ab2 or = all non-commission$ (fic]s1 r$uction4 ,f two to t5 days ,=feiture ( #aj & t5 days' conf9em5t at h>d labor2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,f t5 to ?irty days ,=feiture ( #bj & "o mon?'s conf9em5t at h>d labor2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,f ?irty to n9ety days ,?ree mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,= n9ety or m ?an ,di%onorable dis*>ge & n9ety days =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,,"u #cc;,d ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,failure to repair at ! "t fix$1 etc41 to ! place ( p>ade-- ,= reveille or retreat roll-call & #aa ,p4,m4 ,=feiture ( #a2 corporal1 #b2 inspection s]geant1 #c2 #a/ s]geant1 #d4 ,= gu>d detail ,=feiture ( #e2 corporal1 #h2 s]geant1 #aj4 ,= fatigue detail ,= dress p>ade ,= ! weekly inspection ,= t>get practice ,=feiture ( #b2 corporal1 #c2 ,= drill s]geant1 #e4 ,= gu>d-m\nt+ 7by musician7 ,= /able duty ,,"u #ch,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,drunk5ness on-- ,gu>d ,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,duty z company cook ,=feiture ( #bj4 ,extra or special duty ,at drill ,at t>get practice ,=feiture ( #ab2 = ,at p>ade non-commission$ (fic]1 ,at inspection r$uction & =feiture ( #bj4 ,at inspection ( company gu>d detail ,at /able duty ,,"u #dj,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,quitt+ gu>d ,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,,"u #ea,,/ ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,p]suad+ soldi]s to des]t ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & "o ye>'s conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,,"u #fj,,? ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & f\r ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,,"u #fb;,d ,,article ,,( ,,w>4 ,manslaught] ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & t5 ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,assault1 ) int5t to kill ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & t5 ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,burgl>y ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & five ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,=g]y ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & f\r ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,p]jury ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & f\r ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,false swe>+ ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & two ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,robb]y ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & six ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,l>c5y or embezzlem5t ( prop]ty--#bb ,( ! value ( m ?an ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture #ajj ( all pay & all[ances1 & f\r ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,( ! value ( #ajj or less ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture & m ?an #ej ( all pay & all[ances1 & ?ree ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,( ! value ( #ej or less ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture & m ?an #bj ( all pay & all[ances1 & two ye>s' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,( ! value ( #bj or less4 ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & "o ye>'s conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,fraudul5t enli/m5t1 procur$ ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture by false repres5tation or ( all pay & all[ances1 & concealm5t ( a fact 9 conf9em5t at h>d labor = reg>d to a prior enli/m5t "o ye>4 or dis*>ge1 or 9 reg>d to conviction ( a civil or milit>y crime ,fraudul5t enli/m5t1 o!r ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture cases ( ( all pay & all[ances1 & conf9em5t at h>d labor = six mon?s4 ,disob$i5ce ( ord]s1 ,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d involv+ wilful defiance ( labor & =feiture ( #aj p] ! au?ority ( a mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic] 9 non-commission$ (fic]1 ! execution ( 8 (fice r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,us+ ?reat5+ or insult+ ,"o mon?'s conf9em5t at h>d language or behav+ 9 an labor & =feiture ( #aj2 mann] to a non-commission$ = non-commission$ (fic]1 (fic] :ile 9 ! r$uction 9 addition !reto4 execution ( 8 (fice ,abs5ce f fatigue duty ,=feiture ( #d2 corporal1 #e2 s]geant1 #f4 ,abs5ce f extra or special ,=feiture ( #d2 corporal1 #e2 duty s]geant1 #f4 ,abs5ce f duty z company or ,=feiture ( #aj4 hospital cook4 ,introduc+ liquor into po/ or ,=feiture ( #c2 = camp 9 violation ( /&+ non-commission$ (fic]1 ord]s4 r$uction & =feiture ( #e4 ,drunk5ness at po/ or 9 ,=feiture ( #c2 = qu>t]s non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction & =feiture ( #e4 ,drunk5ness & disord]ly ,=feiture ( #aj & sev5 days' conduct1 caus+ ! conf9em5t at h>d labor2 = (f5d]'s arre/ & non-commission$ (fic]1 conviction by civil r$uction & =feiture ( #ab4 au?orities at a place )9 t5 miles ( 8 /ation ,noisy or disord]ly conduct 9 ,=feiture ( #d2 corporal1 #g2 qu>t]s4 s]geant1 #aj4 ,abuse by non-commission$ ,r$uction1 ?ree mon?s' (fic] ( 8 au?ority ov] conf9em5t at h>d labor1 & an inf]ior4 =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod4 ,non-commission$ (fic] ,r$uction & =feiture ( #e4 enc\rag+ gambl+4 ,non-commission$ (fic] mak+ ,r$uction1 =feiture ( #h1 & false report4 t5 days' conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,s5t9el all[+ a prison] ,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d "u 8 *>ge to escape labor & =feiture ( #aj ?r\gh neglect4 p] mon? = ! same p]iod4 ,s5t9el wilfully suff]+ ,di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture prison] "u 8 *>ge to ( all pay & all[ances1 & escape4 "o ye>'s conf9em5t at h>d labor4 ,s5t9el all[+ a prison] ,two mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d "u 8 *>ge to obta9 labor & =feiture ( #aj liquor4 p] mon? = ! same p]iod4 ,s5t9el or memb] ( gu>d ,two mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d dr9k+ liquor ) labor & =feiture ( #aj p] prison]s4 mon? = ! same p]iod4 ,disrespect or affront to a ,two mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d s5t9el4 labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,resi/+ or disobey+ s5t9el,six mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d 9 lawful execution ( 8 labor & =feiture ( #aj duty4 p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ,lewd or indec5t exposure ( ,?ree mon?s' conf9em5t at h>d p]son4 labor & =feiture ( #aj p] mon? = ! same p]iod2 = non-commission$ (fic]1 r$uction 9 addition !reto4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,article ,,iii4 ,,section #a4 ,:5 a soldi] %all be convict$ ( an (f5ce ! puni%m5t = :i*1 z au?oriz$ by ,article ,,ii4 ( ?is ord] or ! cu/om ( ! s]vice1 does n exce$ t :i* an inf]ior c\rt-m>tial may aw>d1 ! puni%m5t s au?oriz$ may be increas$ by "o half = e previ\s conviction ( "o or m (f5ces )9 eighte5 mon?s prec$+ ! trial & dur+ ! curr5t enli/m5t2 provid$ t ! increase ( puni%m5t = five or m previ\s convictions %all n exce$ t ?us au?oriz$ :5 !re are f\r previ\s convictions1 & t :5 "o or m ( su* five or m previ\s convictions %all h be5 by g5]al c\rt-m>tial1 or :5 su* convictions %all h occurr$ )9 "o ye> prec$+ ! trial1 ! limit ( puni%m5t %all be di%onorable dis*>ge1 =feiture ( all pay & all[ances1 & conf9em5t at h>d labor = ?ree mon?s4 ,:5 ! conviction is ( an (f5ce puni%able "u ,article ,,ii4 ( ?is ord] or ! cu/om ( ! s]vice ) a great] puni%m5t ?an an inf]ior c\rt-m>tial c aw>d1 b n puni%able ) di%onorable dis*>ge1 ! s5t5ce may1 on pro( ( five or m previ\s convictions )9 eighte5 mon?s & dur+ ! curr5t enli/m5t1 impose di%onorable dis*>ge & =feiture ( all pay & all[ances 9 addition to ! au?oriz$ conf9em5t1 & :5 ?is conf9em5t is less ?an ?ree mon?s x may be increas$ to ?ree mon?s4 ,:5 a non-commission$ (fic] is convict$ ( an (f5ce n puni%able ) r$uction1 he may1 if he %all h be5 convict$ ( a milit>y (f5ce )9 a ye> & dur+ ! curr5t enli/m5t1 be s5t5c$ to r$uction1 9 addition to ! puni%m5t already au?oriz$4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,9 e case :5 an (f5ce on trial be=e a c\rt-m>tial is ( a "* admitt+ ( ! introduction ( evid5ce ( previ\s convictions1 & ! accus$ is convict$1 ! c\rt1 aft] det]m9+ its f9d+s1 w be op5$ = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r !re is su* evid5ce1 &1 if s1 ( he>+ x4 ,^! convictions mu/ be prov$ by ! records ( previ\s trials1 or by duly au!nticat$ ord]s promulgat+ ! same1 except 9 ! cases ( conviction by summ>y c\rt1 :5 a duly au!nticat$ copy ( ! record ( said c\rt %all be deem$ suffici5t pro(4 ,*>ges =w>d$ to ! au?ority ord]+ a g5]al c\rt-m>tial1 or submitt$ to a summ>y1 g>rison1 or regim5tal c\rt1 mu/ be accompani$ by ! prop] evid5ce ( su* previ\s convictions z may h to be consid]$ 9 det]m9+ ^u a s5t5ce4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,:5 a soldi] %all1 on "o arraignm5t1 be convict$ ( two or m (f5ces1 none ( :i* is puni%able "u ,article ,,ii4 ( ?is ord] or ! cu/om ( ! s]vice ) di%onorable dis*>ge1 b ! aggregate t]m ( conf9em5t = :i* may exce$ six mon?s1 di%onorable dis*>ge ) =feiture ( pay & all[ances may be aw>d$ 9 addition to ! au?oriz$ conf9em5t4 ,,article ,v4 ,?is ord] prescribes ! maximum limit ( puni%m5t = ! (f5ces nam$1 & ?is limit is int5d$ = ^? cases 9 :i* ! sev]e/ puni%m5t %\ld be aw>d$4 ,9 o!r cases ! puni%m5t %\ld be grad$ d[n accord+ to ! ext5uat+ circum/ances4 ,(f5ces n h]e9 provid$ = rema9 puni%able z au?oriz$ by ! ,articles ( ,w> & ! cu/om ( ! s]vice4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,summ>y c\rts are subject to ! re/rictions nam$ 9 ! #hc;d ,article ( ,w>4 ,soldi]s aga9/ :om *>ges may be pref]r$ = trial by summ>y c\rt %all n be conf9$ 9 ! gu>d-h\se1 b %all be plac$ 9 arre/ 9 qu>t]s1 be=e & dur+ trial & :ile await+ s5t5ce1 except :5 9 p>ticul> cases re/ra9t may be necess>y4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,! foll[+ sub/itutions = puni%m5ts nam$ 9 ,article ,,ii4 ( ?is ord] are au?oriz$ at ! discretion ( ! c\rt3 ,two days' conf9em5t at h>d labor = "o doll> =feiture2 "o day's solit>y conf9em5t on bread & wat] diet = two days' conf9em5t at h>d labor or = "o doll> =feiture2 provid$ t a non-commission$ (fic] n s5t5c$ to r$uction %all n be subject to conf9em5t2 & provid$ t solit>y conf9em5t %all n exce$ f\rte5 days at "o "t1 nor be repeat$ until f\rte5 days h elaps$1 & %all n exce$ eighty-f\r days 9 "o ye>4 ,:5ev] ! limit h]e9 prescrib$ = an (f5ce or (f5ces may be br\ght )9 ! puni%+ p[] ( inf]ior c\rts-m>tial1 z def9$ by ! #hc;d ,article ( ,w>1 by sub/itution ( puni%m5t "u ! provisions ( ?is article1 ! said c\rts h jurisdiction ( su* (f5ce or (f5ces4 ,,article ,,viii4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s above ! rank ( corporal %all n1 if !y object !reto1 be br\ght to trial be=e regim5tal1 g>rison1 or summ>y c\rts-m>tial )\t ! au?ority ( ! (fic] compet5t to ord] _! trial by g5]al c\rt-m>tial2 nor %all s]geants ( ! po/ non-commission$ /aff or hospital /ew>ds be r$uc$1 b !y may be di%onorably dis*>g$ :5ev] r$uction is includ$ 9 ! limit ( puni%m5t4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,signal ,,& ,,telegraph ,,code4 7,au?oriz$ by ,g4 ,o4 ,no4 #ei1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,june #bh1 #ahhi47 ,,alphabet4 ,a - ,f - ,k -- ,p ,u - ,b - ,g - - ,l ---- ,q - ,v - ,c ,h ,m - - ,r ,w - - ,d - ,i ,n - ,s ,x - ,e ,j -- ,o ,t - ,y ,z ,,num]als4 #a - - #c - - #e - - - #g - - #i -- #b - #d - #f #h - #j ---- ,,punctuation ,,m>ks4 ,comma -- ,int]rogation -- ,p>5!sis ,pn ,semicolon ,si ,quotation ,qn ,brackets ,br ,colon ,ko ,p>agraph - - - - ,doll> m>k ,sx ,p]iod - - ,exclamation - - - ,da% ,dx ,hyph5 ,hx ,und]l9e ,ux ,,note4--,a fraction is made by ins]t+ a dot betwe5 ! num]ator & d5om9ator3 ,example1 - - - ,,signals ,,& ,,abbreviations4 #a4 ,wait a mom5t4 #d4 ,/>t me4 #e4 ,h y any?+ = me8 #g4 ,are y ready8 #h4 ,busy on o!r wires 7or /ations74 #i4 ,tra9 ord] 7or important milit>y message7--give way4 #ac4 ,d y und]/&8 #ah4 ,:at is ! matt]8 #bg4 ,adju/ y\r magnet 7or fla%74 #cj4 ,circuit clos$ 7or close /ation74 #dd4 ,answ] quick4 #gc4 ,accept complim5ts4 #ib4 ,deliv] 7ed74 #acd4 ,:o is at ! key 7flag1 or tor*78 ,ahr4 ,ano!r4 ,ans4 ,answ]4 ,ck4 ,*eck4 ,col4 ,collect4 ,d ,h4 ,dead head4 ,g ,a4 ,g ahead4 ,g ,e4 ,good-ev5+4 ,g ,m4 ,good-morn+4 ,g ,n4 ,good-night4 ,g ,r4 ,gov]nm5t rate4 ,n ,m4 ,no m4 ,o ,b4 ,(ficial bus9ess4 ,o ,k4 ,all "r4 ,opr4 ,op]ator4 ,pd4 ,paid4 ,qk4 ,quick4 ,sig4 ,signature4 ,,to ,,signal ,,) ,,flag ,,or ,,tor*4 ,! flagman faces exactly t[>d ! communicat+ /ation2 /aff is v]tical 9 front ( c5tre ( body1 butt at height ( wai/4 ,! dot 77 is repres5t$ by a motion to ! "r1 & ! da% 7-7 by a motion to ! left ( ! s5d]4 ,! space1 :e!r sep>at+ elem5ts ( spac$ *>act]s 7,c1 ,o1 ,r1 ,y1 ,z1 & 71 or sep>at+ words1 w be repres5t$ by a front motion4 ,?us ! motions3 ,"r1 "r1 front1 "r1 repres5t ,c4 ,"r1 front1 "r1 repres5t ,o4 ,"r1 front1 "r1 "r1 repres5t ,r4 ,ea* motion w embrace an arc ( #ij1 />t+ f & return+ to ! v]tical4 ,! long da% 7lett] ,l & num]al naught7 is di/+ui%$ f ! ,t da% by a slight pause at ! l[e/ po9t ( dip1 & ) ?is exception !re w be no pause :atev] betwe5 ! motions requir$ = any s+le lett]4 ,a slight pause w be made betwe5 lett]s4 ,at ! end ( ea* ^w1 abbreviation1 or conv5tional signal ! space signal1 or front motion1 is made1 prec$$ & foll[$ by a pause equival5t to t made betwe5 lett]s4 ,,conv5tional ,,signals ,,= ,,heliograph ,,or ,,fla% ,,lant]n4 ,to ,call a ,/ation4--,turn a /eady fla% on ! /ation & keep x !re until answ]$ by a /eady fla%4 ,bo? /ations w !n adju/1 ea* on ! o!r's fla%4 ,:5 adju/m5ts are satisfactory1 ! /ation call$ w ackn[l$ge & cut (f its fla%1 & ! call+ /ation w proce$ ) ! message4 ,adju/m5t4--,if ! receiv] sees t ! s5d]'s mirror ne$s adju/+1 he w turn on a /eady fla% until answ]$ by a /eady fla%4 ,:5 adju/m5t is satisfactory1 ! receiv] w ackn[l$ge1 & ! s5d] w resume 8 message4 ,,conv5tional ,,signs ,,= ,,flag ,,or ,,tor*4#bc ,to ,call a ,/ation4--,signal ! call lett] ( ! /ation requir$1 or1 if ! call lett] be n kn[n1 signal ,a )\t pause until ackn[l$g$4 ,! call+ /ation w !n proce$ ) ! message4 ,to ,ackn[l$ge a ,call4--,signal ,i ?ree times foll[$ by front & ! call lett] ( ! ackn[l$g+ /ation4 ,to ,break or ,/op ! ,signals f ! ,s5d+ ,/ation4--,signal ,a )\t pause until ackn[l$g$4 ,to ,/>t ! ,s5d+ ,/ation aft] ,break+4--,signal ,g ,a foll[$ by front & ! la/ ^w correctly receiv$2 ! s5d] w imm$iately resume 8 message1 beg9n+ ) ! ^w indicat$ by ! receiv]4 ,if no?+ has be5 receiv$1 signal ,r ,r2 ! s5d] w !n repeat all4 ,error 9 ,s5d+4--,signal sev5 dots 77 rapidly foll[$ by front1 & resume ! message1 beg9n+ ) ! la/ ^w correctly s5t4 ,end ( ,address4--,signal ! p]iod 7--7 foll[$ by front4 ,signature ,foll[s4--,signal ,sig foll[$ by front4 ,to ,ackn[l$ge ,receipt ( a ,message4--,signal ,o ,k foll[$ by front & p]sonal signal or initial ( receiv]4 ,,p5etration ,,( ,,projectiles4 ,exp]im5ts at ,lydd1 9 #ahhf1 %[$ t e>!n p>apets ( s&y loam #ab feet ?ick 7 b little affect$ by ! fire f ,b4 ,l4 #ab-pdr4 & #bj-pdr4 ) /eel %ells1 & ! foll[+ r\gh rules w probably suffice aga9/ field-guns3 ,= friable soil1 su* z s&1 etc4 #b y>ds ,= m$ium soil1 su* z ord9>y e>? #b y>ds ,= t5aci\s soil1 su* z clay #c y>ds ,! foll[+ data1 obta9$ f exp]im5ts by ! ,g]mans1 may prove ( s]vice3 ,,p5etration ,,f ,,artill]y-,,fire4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,field-artill]y4 ,g>rison & ,siege ,artill]y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,%rapnel2 bullets 9 e>?1 #af to #ci 94,9 e>? #ci 94 fragm5ts ,%rapnel1 wood1 ov]head cov] #b 94 ,wood1 ov]head cov] #d 94 ,individual %ot3 ,/rik+ fair1 e>? #ci to #gi 94 ,e>? #aj to #ac ft4 ,/rik+ fair1 brickwork #ci 94 ,/rik+ fair1 sn[ ab\t #bg ft4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,p5etration ,,f ,,infantry-,,fire4 ,s& #bi 94 ,ramm$ sn[ #f ft4 #i 94 ,%eaves ( gra9 #af ft4 #i 94 ,p9e #ci 94 ,/eel plate #j4h 94 ,ord9>y e>? #ci 94 ,swampy or wet gr\nd #gi 94 ,laid sods & turf #gi 94 ,oak #bd 94 ,brickwork #ai 94 ,a d\ble ?ickness ( planks fill$ 9 ) brok5 /one #g4h 94 ,p5etration at all ranges has be5 increas$ ) ! new rifle 7,u4,s474 ,at #bjj to #cjj y>ds protection is af=d$ by ab\t #j4b in* ( /eel plate & ab\t #j4c in* wr\ght iron2 at same di/ances p5etration 9 e>? is #be in*es1 9 p9e1 #cj in*es4 ,,gun-,,pits ,,= ,,field-,,artill]y4 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,gun-,,pit4 ,description4--,! ,fr5* gun-pit consi/s ( an epaulem5t1 ^: g5]al direction is p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( fire1 ) w+s or returns at ! sides1 along :i* tr5*es are dug on ! inside = ! protection ( ! cannone]s4 ,! e>? = ! epaulem5t is tak5 f a rectangul> pit "o & a half feet deep1 & f ! ramps & tr5*es lead+ to x4 ,if !re is n suffici5t e>?1 m is obta9$ by digg+ a dit* 9 front4 ,! lat]al tr5*es may be prolong$ & deep5$ to any ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf4 ,con/ruction4--,to trace ! pit3 #a4 ,lay (f a l9e ab\t t5 feet 9 l5g? p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( fire1 to m>k ! foot ( ! int]ior slope ( ! epaulem5t4 ,?is l9e %\ld be long en\gh to give ! piece a field ( fire ( #ij degrees2 m>k ! extremities & c5tre ( ! l9e ) /akes or o!rwise4 #b4 ,9 ! w+s lay (f two l9es five to sev5 feet 9 l5g?1 mak+ ) ! fir/ l9e angles su* t ! tr5*es %all n re/rict ! field ( fire or int]f]e ) ! recoil ( ! piece4 #c4 ,complete ! rectangle ( ! pit1 & m>k ! po9ts ( int]section ( ! tr5*es & ! ramps lead+ to x4 #d4 ,9 s(t gr\nd x w be f\nd to be m exp$iti\s to use %ovels2 if ! gr\nd is h>d1 ?ree picks & five %ovels w be necess>y = ea* deta*m5t ( eight m54 ,! m5 %\ld comm5ce by break+ gr\nd along ! int]ior slope2 hav+ pick$ a bread? ( ab\t two feet1 !y face ab\t & advance t[>d ! re> ( ! pit4 ,z soon z !re is room ! %ovels foll[ ! picks4 ,9 pick+ ! m5 %\ld be in/ruct$ to /rike toge!r to avoid accid5t4 ,"u pressure ?is pit c be con/ruct$ 9 "o & a half h\rs4 ,,! ,,g]man ,,gun-,,pit4 ,! ,g]man gun-pit consi/s ( a rectangul> excavation "o & a half feet deep1 ) a ramp lead+ to x f ! re>4 ,! epaulem5t is =m$ l an ord9>y glacis1 & surr\nds all b ! entrance4 ,?is pit is easily & rapidly con/ruct$1 &1 z se5 f a di/ance1 pres5ts a v small t>get4 ,! p>apet be+ ! same height all r\nd1 ! gun c fire 9 any direction by wid5+ ! pit1 :i* w\ld !n take ! =m ( a semicircle4 ,con/ruction4--#a4 ,lay (f a l9e f\r y>ds 9 l5g? p]p5dicul> to ! direction ( ! l9e ( fire4 ,at ea* extremity erect a p]p5dicul> ( f\r y>ds4 #b4 ,f ! v]tices ( ! "r angles ?us =m$ lay (f "o y>d on bo? ! front & side l9es1 & m>k ! f\r po9ts s det]m9$1 toge!r ) ! re> extremities ( ! sides1 ) sabres or /akes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acg4 #c4 ,comm5ce & cont9ue ! digg+ z prescrib$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,fr5* gun-pit4 ,! pockets aa are = ! reception ( ammunition4 #d4 ,! ramp is laid out & complet$ aft] ! pit is f9i%$1 or simultane\sly ) x1 z may be mo/ desirable4 ,an ord9>y gun deta*m5t c con/ruct ?is pit 9 "o h\r4 ,,! ,,au/rian ,,gun-,,pit4 ,a simple rectangul> pit "o & a half feet deep1 ) front epaulem5t & ramp4 ,con/ruction4--,con/ruct$ simil>ly to ! ,g]man1 ! e>? f ! pit be+ ?r[n to ! front4 ,x c be made 9 less ?an half an h\r1 & :ile af=d+ no special cov] to ! cannone]s1 z d ! ,g]man & ,engli%1 x c be made 9 half t "t1 & does n pres5t a conspicu\s t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach4 ,x has ! fur!r advantage ( v rapid cov]1 & ( be+ capable ( trans=mation into any desirable pit if !re be "t4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,gun-,,pit4 ,?is type is a true gun-pit1 ! bottom be+ bel[ ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd1 slop+ up at back ( pit t[>d ! re>4 ,x af=ds excell5t cov] = ! piece & its deta*m5t1 c be readily m>k$ out1 & con/ruct$ 9 a comp>atively %ort "t4 ,! lat]al tr5*es1 if ext5d$1 w\ld af=d a cov]$ way along ! front ( ! batt]y4 ,! defects 9 ?is pit are a contract$ field ( fire1 ! conspicu\s m>k :i* ! embrasure gives ! enemy1 ! lack ( ammunition-pockets1 & want ( dra9age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aci4 ,con/ruction4--#a4 ,lay (f #h feet #f in*es on a l9e p]p5dicul> to ! probable direction ( fire = ! int]ior cre/1 & at ! middle po9t ( ?is l9e det]m9e a p]p5dicul> to x2 on ?is p]p5dicul> lay (f f ! int]ior cre/ di/ances ( #f feet1 #aj feet1 & #ah feet1 & ?r\gh _! extremities det]m9e l9es p>allel to ! int]ior cre/2 on ^! l9es f9d po9ts t are #f feet f ! p]p5dicul> on bo? sides ( x1 putt+ 9 a /ake or sabre at ea* po9t s det]m9$4 ,ext5d ! p>allels at #f feet & #aj feet1 #d feet on ea* side1 & m>k ! po9ts ?us e/abli%$ = ! lat]al tr5*es4 #b4 ,comm5ce excavat+ at ! int]ior cre/1 ?r[+ ! e>? to ! front & sides 7be+ c>eful to all[ a b]me ( ab\t "o foot71 ?us =m+ an epaulem5t #a foot #f in*es high & #aj feet #e in*es ?ick at bottom1 ext5d+ r\nd to ! front corn] ( ! lat]al tr5*es4 ,!n ?r[ ! e>? out to ! side front to =m m\nds ab\t #d feet high 9 front ( ! lat]al tr5*es to /ill bett] protect ! deta*m5t1 suffici5t space be+ left 9 front = an embrasure4 ,dig d[n two feet ?r\gh\t ! pit back to ! l9e #aj feet f ! int]ior cre/ & level (f ! bottom4 ,slope up f ! bottom ( ! pit at t5-foot l9e back to ! eighte5-foot l9e4 ,if desirable to connect adjo9+ pits ( ?is class1 ext5d ! lat]al tr5*es until !y meet4 ,"t ( con/ruction ( pit complete 9 all its details1 ) deta*m5t ( eight cannone]s1 gunn]1 & *ief ( section1 9 /iff clay1 )\t previ\s practice1 "o h\r & tw5ty m9utes4 ,,ord9>y ,,russian ,,gun-,,pit4 ,?is type diff]s f ! gun-pit prop]1 9 t ! :eels re/ on ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! side-pits be+ = ! cannone]s4 ,! only app>5t advantages are good cov] = ! deta*m5t "u heavy fire1 dra9age z f> z ! piece is conc]n$1 & facility = +ress & egress4 ,! obvi\s disadvantages are contract$ space = work+ p>ty 9 digg+1 contract$ field ( fire1 & ! m>k pres5t$ by ! embrasure to ho/ile fire4 ,con/ruction4--,lay (f on a l9e p]p5dicul> to ! probable direction ( fire #aj feet1 prolong ! l9e #e feet #c in*es 9 bo? directions1 & m>k ! f\r po9ts ?us det]m9$ ) /akes or sabres4 ,at ! middle po9t ( ! t5-foot l9e erect a p]p5dicul> to x & lay (f on ?is p]p5dicul> to ! re> #i feet #b in*es2 ?r\gh ?is po9t det]m9e a p>allel to ! t5-foot l9e & lay (f on x1 on bo? sides ( ! p]p5dicul>1 #i feet & #ad feet #c in*es1 m>k+ ! f\r po9ts s det]m9$ ) /akes or sabres4 ,! p>allelograms ^: v]tices are ?us e/abli%$ fix ! surface-l9es ( ! lat]al tr5*es4 ,dig d[n to #d feet #f in*es = ! bottom ( ! tr5*es & ?r[ ! dirt to ! front & side1 giv+ ! epaulem5t a height ( #c feet1 & leav+ space = ! embrasure 9 front4 ,:5 "t p]mits1 cut outside & re> /eps = ! tr5*es1 z indicat$1 to admit ( quick egress = ! gun deta*m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adj4 ,"t ( con/ruction complete1 soil & deta*m5t same z ,engli% pit1 two h\rs4 ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,gun-,,pits4 ,9 =m+ ! epaulem5t1 leave a b]me ( at lea/ a foot2 &1 :5 !re is "t1 level & ram ! e>?1 :i*1 9 front ( ! muzzle1 %\ld n be m ?an ?ree & "o half feet above ! bottom ( ! pit4 ,if !re are side tr5*es1 ! e>? 9 front ( !m %\ld be high en\gh to af=d complete protection to ! m5 occupy+ !m4 ,pockets = ! reception ( ! ammunition are v important 9 sav+ ! ammunition f wat] :i* may accumulate1 & f ! fire ( ! enemy4 ,! field ( fire %\ld n be less ?an #ij degrees4 ,avoid n>r[ embrasures z pres5t+ an easy m>k1 & z likely to draw ! fire ( ! enemy4 ,cov] %\ld fir/ be provid$ = ! m5 & horses2 !n = ! mat]ial4 ,if ! position is occupi$ = "s "t1 /r5g!n ! p>apet by e>? f a dit* 9 front4 ,prolong ! lat]al tr5*es ( ! adjac5t pits until !y meet1 =m+ a cont9u\s p>apet2 if possible1 plank or macadamize ! bottom ( ! pit4 ,trav]ses betwe5 ! guns w be f\nd effective4 ,9 ord] to conceal ! p>apets1 cov] ! fre% e>? ) b\ghs1 sod1 or top-soil ( ! prevail+ or surr\nd+ color4 ,if 9 w9t]1 use sn[ = ?is purpose4 ,a v effective plan is to dig a small tr5* or p>apet f fifty to sev5ty-five y>ds 9 front ( ! real pits1 ?us deceiv+ an enemy z to :]e ! real fire comes f4 ,if ! gr\nd does n af=d natural cov] = ! limb]s1 limb]-pits1 simil> to ! ,au/rian gun-pits1 c be easily con/ruct$4 ,!y %\ld be "o foot deep]4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,sick ,,m54 ,ble$+4--,blood f ! ve9s is d>k & fl[s sl[ly2 t f art]ies is bright r$ & is ?r[n out 9 spurts4 ,to suppress ble$+ f a ve91 use cold wat] :5 slight2 or place a mod]ately tight b&age bel[ ! w\nd4 ,if an art]y1 completely ob/ruct ! art]y by pressure at ! ble$+ po9t1 or betwe5 x & ! he>t4 ,d ?is by means ( ! f+]s1 a pad & b&age1 a plug1 or a t\rniquet4 ,make a knot 9 a h&k]*ief & place x at ! prop] spot ov] ! c\rse ( ! art]y1 !n tie ! h&k]*ief ar\nd ! limb & by means ( a /ick twi/ x tight4 ,9 ble$+ f h&1 =e arm1 or arm apply ar\nd arm ne> ! %\ld]2 9 ble$+ ( ! foot1 leg1 or ?igh apply ar\nd leg betwe5 knee & hip accord+ to circum/ances4 ,*af+4--,*af+ betwe5 ! ?ighs may be alleviat$ by keep+ ! p>ts scrupul\sly clean1 & p[d]$ ) full]'s e>?1 or a mixture ( oxide ( z9c & v f9ely p[d]$ />*4 ,colic4--,dose ( ca/or-oil1 hot applications to belly1 & a teaspoonful ( ,squibb's mixture or g+] ess5ce 9 wat]4 ,*ol]a ,morbus4--#a teaspoonful ( p>egoric1 gra9 ( morph9e1 or #a teaspoonful ( ,squibb's mixture dilut$ may be giv5 at once4 ,hot applications to belly4 ,/imulants 9 case ( collapse4 ,con/ipation4--,a seidlitz p[d]1 or a tablespoonful ( ,ro*elle or ,epsom ,salts be=e breakfa/2 a teaspoonful ( comp\nd liquorice p[d]1 or #b or #c comp\nd ca?>tic pills1 late at night4 ,burns & ,scalds4--,cov] ) vasel9e or c>ron oil 7equal p>ts ( lime wat] & oil74 ,if oil is n at h&1 use fl\r or scrap$ potato4 ,a tablespoonful ( bak+-soda to a teacupful ( wat] soon relieves pa94 ,dress ) l9t or cotton-wool4 ,bli/]s %\ld be c>efully op5$ ) a ne$le or scissors4 ,di>rha4--,dose ( ca/or-oil2 if aft] oil has act$ ! di>rha p]si/s1 a teaspoonful ( ,squibb's mixture dilut$2 or a camphor & opium pill1 to be repeat$ 9 an h\r if necess>y4 ,dr[n+4--,if ! pati5t has /opp$ brea?+1 tight clo?+ is fir/ loos5$2 ! individual is !n turn$ ov] on 8 face1 a roll ( clo?+1 a roll$ blanket1 etc41 be+ plac$ "u 8 /oma*1 8 m\? & nose are cle>$ ( s&1 mud1 or o!r sub/ances collect$ !re91 & pressure is made ^u ! sp9e & kept up until wat] ceases to fl[ f ! m\?4 ,! pati5t is !n turn$ ov] on 8 back1 & ! roll plac$ "u 8 %\ld]-blades s z to raise ! %\ld]s & ext5d ! ?roat4 ,! tongue1 be+ drawn well =w>d1 is ei!r secur$ by a /r+ or rubb] b&1 pass+ ar\nd ! base ( ! organ & ! *91 fix$ by ?ru/+ a small /ick or p5cil across ! top ( x beh9d ! mol> tee?1 or held by an assi/ant4 ,!n1 kneel+ beh9d ! pati5t's head1 seize ! arms above ! elb[s & draw !m outw>ds & upw>ds until !y are fully ext5d$ above ! head4 ,aft] a pause ( ab\t two seconds ! arms are c>ri$ back to _! orig9al positions1 ! op]ator mak+ firm pressure on ! *e/ at ! same "t4 ,?is proc$ure is c>ri$ out at ! rate ( ab\t fifte5 times a m9ute4 ,:5ev] ! arms are rais$1 ! *e/ is exp&$ & air ent]s ! lungs2 :5 !y are br\ght d[n & pressure is made ^u ! *e/1 ! latt] is compress$ & ! air is expell$4 ,! natural movem5ts ( respiration are h5ce imitat$4 ,?is %\ld be kept up = h\rs if necess>y1 & until natural brea?+ returns1 or ! case has be5 giv5 up z hopeless by compet5t au?ority4 ,dur+ ?is "t w>m & dry clo?+ %\ld h be5 plac$ on ! pati5t1 a fire built1 & w>m articles ( any k9d us$ to re/ore ! heat ( ! body4 ,! body & limbs %\ld be con/antly rubb$ t[>ds ! trunk4 ,z soon z ! pati5t is able to swall[ a teaspoonful ( hot liquor 9 a tablespoonful ( wat] may be giv5 e few m9utes until ! dang] is ov]4 ,z soon z ! pati5t beg9s to brea! ( 8 own accord ! artificial process %\ld be tim$ to aid ! natural respiration4 ,brea?+ may be /imulat$ by hold+ h>t%orn to ! nose1 slapp+ ! sk91 or by da%+ hot wat] on ! *e/4 ,aft] be+ re/or$ ! pati5t %\ld be c>efully c>ri$ 9 a recumb5t position1 put 9 a w>m b$1 & c>efully wat*$ = /oppage ( brea?+4 ,if ! pati5t has n /opp$ brea?+ :5 drawn out ( ! wat]1 proce$ z above1 omitt+ artificial respiration except :5 ! natural function beg9s to fail4 ,emetics4--,gunp[d] dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,"o tablespoonful ( mu/>d 9 a p9t ( wat] & !n copi\s draughts ( tepid wat]4 ,tw5ty gra9s ( sulphate ( z9c dissolv$ 9 wat]1 to be foll[$ by a cupful ( tepid wat]1 & repeat$ e ?ree m9utes until #c or #d doses h be5 giv5 or vomit+ has occurr$4 ,fa9t+4--,place pati5t on 8 back1 head l[1 arms & feet may be elevat$2 loos5 tight clo?+2 da% cold wat] 9 face2 hold h>t%orn to no/rils2 a little :iskey & wat] :5 able to swall[4 ,fro/-bites4--,rub ) sn[ or cold wat]4 ,intoxication4--,p\r wat] ov] head2 give teaspoonful ( gr\nd mu/>d /irr$ up 9 a teacupful ( lukew>m wat]2 !n1 aft] vomit+ has occurr$1 give a teaspoonful ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia 9 a teacupful ( wat]1 or a l>ge draught ( v9eg>4 ,if 9 dang] ( dy+1 g5]al application ( heat to body is imp]ative4 ,heat ,exhau/ion resembles an ord9>y fa9t+ spell1 & is simil>ly treat$4 ,unlike sun/roke ?is condition pres5ts a cool moi/ sk94 ,sun/roke4--,its symptoms ( w>n+ are heada*e & oppression1 foll[$ aft] a "t by loss ( consci\sness2 brea?+ labor$2 sk9 int5sely hot2 p]spiration abs5t2 ! bladd] & b[els sometimes dis*>ge involunt>ily4 ,convey imm$iately to a cool place2 remove clo?+2 place 9 cold ba?1 or wrap ) %eets soak$ 9 cold wat]1 & keep wet ) ice-wat] if possible4 ,if ?is _c be done1 sponge ?or\ghly & cont9ually ! head & body1 lumps ( ice be+ rubb$ ov] ! *e/ & plac$ ov] ! l>ge blood-vessels 9 ! arm-pits & gro9s4 ,discont9ue application ( cold :5 consci\sness returns1 to be r5ew$ only 9 case temp]ature rises above normal 7#ih4i ,f47 or ins5sibility returns4 ,sore ,feet4--,if ! feet beg9 to *afe1 rub ! socks ) common soap :]e !y come 9 contact ) sore places4 ,by rubb+ ! feet ) h>d soap be=e ! m>* y may escape hav+ sore feet4 ,! feet %\ld be wa%$ e night & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,bli/]s %\ld n be op5$1 b h a ?read run ?r\gh4 ,,tables ,,( ,,weight1 ,,capacity1 ,,etc4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,p\nds ,,9 ,a ,,bu%el4 ,oats #cb ,beans #fj ,onions #eg ,ca/or beans #df ,b>ley #dh ,peas #fj ,timo?y-se$ #de ,flaxse$ #ef ,corn or rye #ef ,clov]-se$ #fj ,dri$ apples or pea*es #bh ,hemp-se$ #dd ,:eat #fj ,potatoes #fj ,salt #ej ,bluegrass-se$ #ad ,,numb] ,,( ,,p\nds ,,9 ,a ,,b>rel4 ,fl\r #aif ,beef1 pork1 or fi% #bjj ,salt #bhj ,,cyl9d]s ,,= ,,liquid ,,measures4 ,diam4 ,height4 #a gill #a 94 #c 94 p9t #b #c #a p9t #c #c #a qu>t #c #f #a gallon #g #f #b gallons #g #ab #h #ad #ab #aj #ad #ae ,,capacity ,,( ,,boxes4 ,a cubic y>d conta9s #ba4fi bu%els4 #a b>rel #bd x #af x #bh in*es #bd x #bd x #ad #a bu%el #af x #af4h x #h #a a cyl9d] #ad 94 diam4 x #ad 94 deep #ab x #aa4b x #h in*es #a peck #h x #h4d x #h #a gallon #h x #h x #d4b 7dry7 #a #f x #f x #f4db 7liquid7 #g x #d x #d4e #a qu>t #d x #d x #d4a 7dry7 #a #d x #d x #c4fa 7liquid7 ,9 freight+ %ips #db cubic feet are all[$ to a ton4 ,,army ,,wagon 7,,inside ,,measurem5t74 ,l5g? #i ft4 at bottom #aj top 2 wid?1 #c ft4 #d 942 dep?1 #a ft4 #i 94 ,,to ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,quantity ,,( ,,gra9 ,,or ,,hay4 ,corn4--,two cubic feet ( s\nd dry corn 9 ! e> w make "o bu%el ( %ell$ corn4 ,to det]m9e ! numb] ( bu%els ( %ell$ corn 9 a crib ( corn 9 ! e>1 multiply toge!r ! int]ior l5g?1 bread?1 & height ( ! crib 9 feet1 & divide by #b4 ,oats4--,a nose-bag w conta9 ab\t #aj p\nds ( good oats4 ,a cubic foot ( good oats weighs ab\t #be p\nds4 ,to det]m9e1 approximately1 ! numb] ( bu%els ( oats 9 a b91 multiply ! l5g?1 bread?1 & height 9 feet toge!r1 & multiply ! result by ,o4#hjdg4 ,to det]m9e ! numb] ( bu%els a wagon w conta91 apply ! same rule4 ,hay4 ,hay loose all[ #e p\nds to a cubic foot ,hay 9 /ack #h ,hay bal$ #aa ,wagon-load ( /ack hay #dej to #ejj cubic feet to a ton new-m[n hay #gjj cubic feet to a ton ,/raw4--,all[ #aj to #ab p\nds to a cubic foot4 ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g?4 ,,long ,,measure4 #ab in*es make #a foot ft4 #c feet #a y>d yd4 #e y>ds #a rod rd4 #dj rods #a furlong fur4 #h furlongs1 or #cbj rods1 #a mile mi4 #c miles #a league lea4 ,,surveyor',s ,,measure4 #g4ib in*es make #a l9k li4 #ajj l9ks #a *a9 *4 #hj *a9s #a mile mi4 ,,squ>e ,,measure4 #add squ>e in*es make #a squ>e foot sq4 ft4 #i squ>e feet #a squ>e y>d sq4 yd4 #cj squ>e y>ds #a squ>e rod sq4 rd4 #afj squ>e rods #a acre ,a4 ,,l& ,,measure4 #aj1jjj squ>e l9ks make #a squ>e *a9 #aj squ>e *a9s #a acre #fdj acres #a squ>e mile ,,cubic ,,measure4 #agbh cubic in*es make #a cubic foot cu4 ft4 #bg cubic feet #a cubic y>d cu4 yd4 #abh cubic feet #a cord ,c4 ,,liquid ,,measure4 ,! /&>d ,u4 ,s4 gallon equals #bca cubic in*es1 & conta9s #h4ccaa p\nds ( pure wat] at #fb ,f4 ,a cubic foot ( pure wat] at #fb ,f4 weighs #fb4cb p\nds4 ,! liquid qu>t is ab\t six sev5?s ( a qu>t ( dry measure4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,"n4 ,equival5t4 ,litres4,decalitres4,hectolitres4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #a gill 4#aahc #a p9t #d gills 4#dgcb #a qu>t #b p9ts 4#idfc #a gallon #d qu>ts #c4ghec #a b>rel #ca gallons #aa4ibcg #a4aibd #a hog%ead #b b>rels #bc4hdgd #b4chdg #a pipe #b hog%eads #d4gfid #a tun #b pipes #i4echi ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #a litre #h4decf gills #b4aacd p9ts #a4jefg qu>ts4 ,,dry ,,measure4 ,! bu%el 7,w9*e/]7 conta9s ne>ly #baej4db cubic in*es1 & is a cyl9d] measure #ah in*es across & #h in*es deep4 ,a bu%el measure w conta9 #i4ca gallons ( pure wat] at #fb ,f4 ------------------------------------ ,"n4 ,equival5t4,litres4,decalitre4 ------------------------------------ #a p9t 4#eejf #a qu>t #b p9ts #a4ajab #a peck #h qu>ts #h4hjif #a bu%el #d pecks #ce4bchd #c4ebch ------------------------------------ #a litre #a4haf p9ts 4#ijh qu>t4 ,,apo!c>ies' ,,measure4 #fj m9ims 77 #a fluid dra*m 7f4 7 #h dra*ms 7wat] #a4gcb cu4 941 #a fluid oz4 7f4 7 #dcg gra9s7 #bj ounces #a p9t 7,o47 #h p9ts 7wat] #gj1jjj gra9s7 #a gallon 7gall47 #a drop #a gra9 #fj drops #a dra*m #a dra*m #a teaspoonful #d dra*ms #a tablespoonful #h dra*ms 7#b tablespoonfuls7 #a ounce #b ounces 7wat] #hge gra9s7 #a w9eglassful #c ounces #a teacupful ,,miscellane\s ,,tables4 ,,c\nt+4 #ab ?+s make #a doz5 doz4 #ab doz5 #a gross gr4 #ab gross #a great gross g4 gr4 ,,pap]4 #bd %eets make #a quire qr4 #bj quires #a ream ream #b reams #a bundle bund4 #b bundles #a bale ,,books4 ,a book 9 :i* ,ea* %eet is fold$ into #b leaves is a folio #d qu>to1 or #dto #h octavo1 or #hvo #ab duodecimo1 or #abmo #af #afmo #bd #bdmo #cb #cbmo ,,miscellane\s ,,values4 #d in*es make #a h&1 us$ 9 measur+ horses #i #a span1 sacr$ hi/ory #ah feet #a cubit1 #f #a fa?om1 measur+ dep?s ,,measures ,,( ,,weight4 ,,avoirdupois ,,metric ,,weights4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,avoirdupois4 ,grammes4,decagrammes4,kilogrammes4,mill i] 7,ton74 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #a dra*m #a4ggahd #a ounce 7#af dra*ms7 #bh4cdied #b4hcdie #a p\nd 7#af ounces7 #dec4eibef #de4ceibf #j4decei #a hundr$weight #de4ceeb #a ton 7#bj cwt47 #ijg4ajdj #j4ijga ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,ton4 ,hundr$weight4 ,p\nds4 ,ounces4 ,dra*ms4 #a #bj #bjjj #cb1jjj #ebb1jjj #a #ajj #a1fjj #be1fjj #a #af #bef #a #af ,,troy ,,metric ,,weights4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,troy ,weights4 ,equival5ts 9 ,metric ,d5om9ations4 --------------------------------------- ,milli- ,gramme4 ,deca- ,hecto- ,kilo- gramme4 gramme4gramme4gramme4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a ,troy gra9 #fd4gihie #j4jfdhj #a p5nyweight #a4eeeag #a ounce #ca4ajcdi #c4aajce #a p\nd #cgc4bdaiecg4cbdiac4gcbdij4cgcbd ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a lb4 #ab oz4 #bdj dwts4 #egfj grs4 #a #bj #dhj #a #bd ,,tables ,,= ,,conv]t+ ,u4 ,s4 ,,weights ,,& ,,measures4 ,,cu/om>y ,,to ,,metric4 ,,l9e>4 ,in*es to ,feet to ,y>ds to ,miles to ,millimetres4 ,metres4 ,metres4 ,kilometres4 #a #be4djja #j4cjdhja #j4iaddjb #a4fjice #b #ej4hjja #j4fjifja #a4hbhhjd #c4bahfi #c #gf4bjjb #j4iaddjb #b4gdcbje #d4hbhjd #d #aja4fjjb #a4baibjb #c4fegfjg #f4dcgci #e #abg4jjjc #a4ebdjjc #d4egbjji #h4jdfgd #f #aeb4djjc #a4hbhhjd #e4dhfdaa #i4fefjh #g #agg4hjjd #b4accfjd #f4djjhac #aa4bfedc #h #bjc4bjjd #b4dchdje #g4caebae #ab4hgdgh #i #bbh4fjje #b4gdcbje #h4bbifaf #ad4dhdab ,,squ>e4 ,squ>e ,squ>e ,squ>e ,acres to ,in*es to ,feet to ,y>ds to ,hect>es4 ,squ>e ,squ>e ,squ>e ,c5timetres4 ,decimetres4 ,metres4 #a #f4deb #i4bij #j4hcf #j4djdg #b #ab4ijc #ah4eha #a4fgb #j4hjid #c #ai4cee #bg4hga #b4ejh #a4bada #d #be4hjg #cg4afa #c4cdd #a4fahg #e #cb4beh #df4deb #d4aha #b4jbcd #f #ch4gaj #ee4gdb #e4jag #b4dbha #g #de4afa #fe4jcb #e4hec #b4hcbh #h #ea4fac #gd4cbc #f4fhi #c4bcge #i #eh4jfe #hc4fac #g4ebe #c4fdbb ,,cubic4 ,cubic ,cubic ,cubic ,bu%els to ,in*es to ,feet to ,y>ds to ,hectolitres4 ,cubic ,cubic ,cubic ,c5timetres4 ,metres4 ,metres4 #a #af4chg #j4jbhcb #j4gfe #j4cebci #b #cb4ggd #j4jeffc #a4ebi #j4gjdgi #c #di4afa #j4jhdie #b4bid #a4jegah #d #fe4edi #j4aacbg #c4jeh #a4djieg #e #ha4icf #j4adaeh #c4hbc #a4gfaif #f #ih4cbc #j4afiij #d4ehg #b4aadcf #g #aad4gaj #j4aihbb #e4ceb #b4dffge #h #aca4jig #j4bbfed #f4aaf #b4haiad #i #adg4dhd #j4bedhe #f4hha #c4agaed ,,capacity4 ,fluid ,dra*ms to ,fluid ,qu>ts ,gallons ,millilitres ,ounces to to to or ,cubic ,millilitres4 ,litres4 ,litres4 ,c5timetres4 #a #c4gj #bi4eg #j4idfcf #c4ghedc #b #g4ci #ei4ae #a4hibgb #g4egjhg #c #aa4ji #hh4gb #b4hcijh #aa4cefcj #d #ad4gi #aah4bi #c4ghedc #ae4adagd #e #ah4dh #adg4hg #d4gcagi #ah4ibgag #f #bb4ah #agg4dd #e4fghae #bb4gabfa #g #be4hh #bjg4jb #f4fbdea #bf4dihjd #h #bi4eg #bcf4ei #g4egjhg #cj4bhcdh #i #cc4bg #bff4af #h4eagbc #cd4jfhia ,,weight4 ,gra9s ,avoirdupois ,avoirdupois ,troy to ,ounces to ,p\nds to ,ounces to ,milligrammes4 ,grammes4 ,kilogrammes4 ,grammes4 #a #fd4gihi #bh4cdie #j4decei #ca4ajcdh #b #abi4eigh #ef4fiia #j4ijgai #fb4bjfif #c #aid4cifh #he4jdhf #a4cfjgh #ic4cajdd #d #bei4aieg #aac4ciha #a4hadcg #abd4dacib #e #cbc4iidf #ada4gdgf #b4bfgif #aee4eagdj #f #chh4gice #agj4jigb #b4gbaef #ahf4fbjhh #g #dec4eibd #aih4ddfg #c4ageae #bag4gbdcg #h #eah4ciad #bbf4gifb #c4fbhgd #bdh4hbghe #i #ehc4aijc #bee4adeg #d4jhbcc #bgi4icacc #a ,gunt]'s *a9 #bj4aafh metres #a squ>e /atute mile #bei4jjj hect>es #a fa?om #a4hbi metres #a nautical mile #ahec4be metres #a foot #j4cjdhja metre1 #i4dhdjaeh log4 #a avoirdupois p\nd #dec4eibdbgg gramme #aedcb4cefci gra9s #a kilogramme ,,metric ,,to ,,cu/om>y ,,l9e>4 ,metres to ,metres to ,metres to ,kilometres ,in*es4 ,feet4 ,y>ds4 to ,miles4 #a #ci4cgjj #c4bhjhc #a4jicfaa #j4fbacg #b #gh4gdjj #f4efafg #b4ahgbbb #a4bdbgd #c #aah4aajj #i4hdbej #c4bhjhcc #a4hfdaa #d #aeg4dhjj #ac4abccc #d4cgdddd #b4dhedh #e #aif4hejj #af4djdag #e4dfhjef #c4ajfhe #f #bcf4bbjj #ai4fhejj #f4efaffg #c4gbhbb #g #bge4eijj #bb4ifehc #g4feebgh #d4cdiei #h #cad4ifjj #bf4bdffg #h4gdhhhi #d4igjif #i #ced4ccjj #bi4ebgej #i4hdbejj #e4eibcc ,,squ>e4 ,squ>e ,squ>e ,squ>e ,hect>es to ,c5timetres ,metres to ,metres to ,acres4 to ,squ>e ,squ>e ,squ>e ,in*es4 ,feet4 ,y>ds4 #a #j4aeej #aj4gfd #a4aif #b4dga #b #j4cajj #ba4ebh #b4cib #d4idb #c #j4dfej #cb4bib #c4ehh #g4dac #d #j4fbjj #dc4jee #d4ghd #i4hhd #e #j4ggej #ec4hai #e4ihj #ab4cee #f #j4icjj #fd4ehc #g4agf #ad4hbf #g #a4jhej #ge4cdg #h4cgb #ag4big #h #a4bdjj #hf4aaa #i4efh #ai4gfh #i #a4ciej #if4hge #aj4gfd #bb4bci ,,cubic4 ,cubic ,cubic ,cubic ,cubic ,c5timetres ,decimetres ,metres ,metres to ,cubic to ,cubic to ,cubic to ,cubic ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,feet4 ,y>ds4 #a #j4jfaj #fa4jbc #ce4cad #a4cjh #b #j4abbj #abb4jdg #gj4fbi #b4faf #c #j4ahca #ahc4jgj #aje4idc #c4ibd #d #j4bdda #bdd4jid #ada4beh #e4bcb #e #j4cjea #cje4aag #agf4egb #f4edj #f #j4cffa #cff4adj #baa4hhg #g4hdh #g #j4dbgb #dbg4afd #bdg4bja #i4aef #h #j4dhhb #dhh4ahg #bhb4eaf #aj4dfd #i #j4edib #edi4baj #cag4hcj #aa4gga ,,capacity4 ,millimetres or ,cubic ,c5tilitres ,litres ,decalitres ,hectolitres ,c5timetres to ,fluid to to to to ,fluid ,ounces4 ,qu>ts4 ,gallons4 ,bu%els4 ,dra*ms4 #a #j4bg #j4cch #a4jefg #b4fdag #b4hcgg #b #j4ed #j4fgf #b4aacd #e4bhcd #e4fgee #c #j4ha #a4jad #c4agjj #g4ibea #h4eacb #d #a4jh #a4cec #d4bbfg #aj4effh #aa4ceaj #e #a4ce #a4fia #e4bhcd #ac4bjhe #ad4ahhg #f #a4fb #b4jbi #f4cdja #ae4hejb #ag4jbfe #g #a4hi #b4cfg #g4cifh #ah4diai #ai4hfdb #h #b4af #b4gje #h4dece #ba4accf #bb4gjai #i #b4dc #c4jdc #i4eaja #bc4ggec #be4ecig ,,weight4 ,milligrammes ,kilogrammes ,hectogrammes ,kilogrammes to to to ,ounces to ,p\nds ,gra9s4 ,gra9s4 ,avoirdupois4 ,avoirdupois4 #a #j4jaedc #aedcb4cf #c4ebgd #b4bjdfb #b #j4jcjhf #cjhfd4ga #g4jedh #d4djibd #c #j4jdfcj #dfbig4jg #aj4ehbb #f4fachg #d #j4jfagc #fagbi4dc #ad4ajif #h4hahdi #e #j4jggaf #ggafa4gh #ag4fcgj #aa4jbcaa #f #j4jibei #ibeid4ad #ba4afdd #ac4bbggc #g #j4ajhjc #ajhjbf4di #bd4fiah #ae4dcbcf #h #j4abcdf #abcdeh4he #bh4baib #ag4fcfih #i #j4achhi #achhia4ba #ca4gdff #ai4hdafj ,qu9tals to ,milli]s or tonnes ,kilogrammes ,p\nds to ,p\nds to ,ounces ,avoirdupois4 ,avoirdupois4 ,troy4 #a #bbj4df #bbjd4f #cb4aejg #b #ddj4ib #ddji4b #fd4cjae #c #ffa4ci #ffac4i #if4debb #d #hha4he #hhah4e #abh4fjcj #e #aajb4ca #aajbc4a #afj4gecg #f #acbb4gg #acbbg4g #aib4ijdd #g #aedc4bd #aedcb4d #bbe4jeeb #h #agfc4gj #agfcg4j #beg4bjei #i #aihd4af #aihda4f #bhi4cefg ,,salutes4 ,salutes are fir$ betwe5 sunrise & sunset1 &1 z a rule1 nev] on ,sunday4 ,salute to ! ,union1 "o gun = ea* /ate1 fir$ at m]idian1 ,july #d?2 ! int]national salute1 #ba guns4 ,! ,presid5t1 #ba guns1 bo? on arriv+ at & dep>t+ f a milit>y po/4 ,on arriv+ at a milit>y po/3 ,! ,vice-,presid5t & ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate #ai guns ,memb]s ( ! ,cab9et1 ,*ief ,ju/ice1 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,gov]nors 9 _! respective /ates & t]ritories1 ,committees ( ,congress visit+ (ficially #ag ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w> #ae ,sov]eign or ,*ief ,magi/rate ( a =eign /ate #ba ,memb]s ( ,royal ,family #ba ,vic]oy1 ,gov]nor-g5]al1 or ,gov]nors ( prov9ces belong+ to =eign /ates #ag ,ambassadors ,extraord9>y & ,pl5ipot5ti>y #ag ,envoys ,extraord9>y & ,m9i/]s ,pl5ipot5ti>y #ae ,m9i/]s ,resid5t accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates #ac ,*>gs d',affaires or subord9ate diplomatic ag5t 9 *>ge ( mission 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #aa ,consuls-g5]al accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates #i ,to ,g5]al-9-,*ief1 ,field-m>%al1 or ,admiral #ag ,to ,lieut5ant-,g5]al or ,vice-,admiral #ae ,to ,major-,g5]al or ,re>-,admiral #ac ,to ,brigadi]-,g5]al or ,commodore #aa ,an (fic] on duty1 accord+ to brevet rank1 receives ! salute ( t rank4 ,(fic]s ( volunte]s or militia are salut$ only :5 9 s]vice ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,(fic]s on retir$ li/ are n salut$4 ,(fic]s ( =eign s]vices are salut$ accord+ to _! rank4 ,,table ,,= ,,calculat+ ,,clo?+ ,,acc\nts4 ,take ! numb]s f ! columns ,a & ,b correspond+ to ! date imm$iately prec$+ ! date ( ! man's enli/m5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y4 ,febru>y4 ,m>*4 ,april4 ,may4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b,date4 ,a ,b ---------------------------------------- ---------- #a #aahj #a #cbadi #a #fjaba #a #iaij #a #abafj #b #bagi #b #ccadh #b #faabj #b #ibhi #b #abbei #c #cagh #c #cdadg #c #fbaai #c #ichh #c #abceh #d #dagg #d #ceadf #d #fcaah #d #idhg #d #abdeg #e #eagf #e #cfade #e #fdaag #e #iehf #e #abeef #f #fage #f #cgadd #f #feaaf #f #ifhe #f #abfee #g #gagd #g #chadc #g #ffaae #g #ighd #g #abged #h #hagc #h #ciadb #h #fgaad #h #ihhc #h #abhec #i #iagb #i #djada #i #fhaac #i #iihb #i #abieb #aj #ajaga #aj #daadj #aj #fiaab #aj #ajjha #aj #acjea #aa #aaagj #aa #dbaci #aa #gjaaa #aa #ajahj #aa #acaej #ab #abafi #ab #dcach #ab #gaaaj #ab #ajbgi #ab #acbdi #ac #acafh #ac #ddacg 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---------------------------------------- ---------- ,"p #b ( ,table4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,june4 ,july4 ,augu/4 ,septemb] ,octob]4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,date4 ,a ,b,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b ,date4 ,a ,b ---------------------------------------- ---------- #a #aebbi #a #aahc #a #cbaeb #a #fcaba #a #icia #b #aecbh #b #bahb #b #ccaea #b #fdabj #b #idij #c #aedbg #c #caha #c #cdaej #c #feaai #c #iehi #d #aeebf #d #dahj #d #ceadi #d #ffaah #d #ifhh #e #aefbe #e #eagi #e #cfadh #e #fgaag #e #ighg #f #aegbd #f #fagh #f #cgadg #f #fhaaf #f #ihhf #g #aehbc #g #gagg #g #chadf #g #fiaae #g #iihe #h #aeibb #h #hagf #h #ciade #h #gjaad #h #ajjhd #i #afjba #i #iage #i #djadd #i #gaaac #i #ajahc #aj #afabj #aj #ajagd #aj #daadc #aj #gbaab #aj #ajbhb #aa #afbai #aa #aaagc #aa #dbadb #aa #gcaaa #aa #ajcha #ab #afcah #ab #abagb #ab #dcada #ab #gdaaj #ab #ajdhj #ac #afdag #ac #acaga #ac #ddadj #ac #geaji #ac #ajegi #ad 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---------------------------------------- ---------- ,"p #c ( ,table4 ------------------------- ,novemb]4 ,decemb]4 --------------------- ,date4 ,a ,b,date4 ,a ,b --------------------- #a #abdfj #a #aedcj #b #abeei #b #aeebi #c #abfeh #c #aefbh #d #abgeg #d #aegbg #e #abhef #e #aehbf #f #abiee #f #aeibe #g #acjed #g #afjbd #h #acaec #h #afabc #i #acbeb #i #afbbb #aj #accea #aj #afcba #aa #acdej #aa #afdbj #ab #acedi #ab #afeai #ac #acfdh #ac #affah #ad #acgdg #ad #afgag #ae #achdf #ae #afhaf #af #acide #af #afiae #ag #adjdd #ag #agjad #ah #adadc #ah #agaac #ai #adbdb #ai #agbab #bj #adcda #bj #agcaa #ba #adddj #ba #agdaj #bb #adeci #bb #age #i #bc #adfch #bc #agf #h #bd #adgcg #bd #agg #g #be #adhcf #be #agh #f #bf #adice #bf #agi #e #bg #aejcd #bg #ahj #d #bh #aeacc #bh #aha #c #bi #aebcb #bi #ahb #b #cj #aecca #cj #ahc #a #ca #ahd #j --------------------- ,,camp ,,furniture4 ,! foll[+-nam$ articles1 manufactur$ by ! ,gold ,m$al ,camp ,furniture ,manufactur+ ,company1 ( ,rac9e1 ,wis41 c be obta9$ ( furniture deal]s3 ,fold+ ,camp-b$4--#f feet #b in*es long by #b feet #d in*es wide4 ,:5 fold$1 x is #c feet #d in*es long by #e in*es wide4 ,weight1 #ad p\nds4 ,co/1 #c4ej4 ,mosquito-b> frame1 #ge c5ts4 ,fold+ ,camp-table4--,top #b feet #c in*es by #c feet #b in*es4 ,w com=tably seat f\r p]sons4 ,fold$ x is #c feet #b in*es long by #e #g in*es4 ,weight1 #af p\nds4 ,co/1 #c4ge4 ,extra %elf1 #ge c5ts4 ,fold+ ,camp-*air4--,fold$1 #c feet long by #c #c in*es4 ,weight1 #d p\nds4 ,co/1 #b4 ,fold+ ,camp-/ool4--#ge c5ts4 ,! att5tion ( (fic]s desir+ su* articles is call$ to ! mess-*e/ & /ove manufactur$ by ,h4 ,k4 ,coale1 #abbc ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 ,*icago ,ill4 ,,! ,,(fic]',s ,,field ,,mess-,,*e/ ,,= ,,six ,,p]sons4 ,size1 #bb #ae #ab in*es4 ,weight1 #fj lbs4 ,price1 #ej4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,silv]-,,plat$ ,,w>e4 #a quadruple-plat$ butt]-di%4 #a cov]$ sug>-b[l4 #a cream]4 #f ,rog]s ,bros4 be/ triple-plate /eel knives4 #f =ks4 #f tablespoons4 #f teaspoons4 #a butt]-knife4 #a sug>-%ell4 #a l>ge salt-%ak]1 /rong glass4 #a pepp]-%ak]1 #a screw-top oil-jug1 #a v9eg>-jug1 #a japann$ tray1 #ac #af in*es4 #a l>ge corkscrew4 #f individual butt]-%ells4 #a brass bottle-tray4 ,,:ite ,,enamell$ ,,w>e4 #f cups4 #f sauc]s4 #f plates4 #f s\p-b[ls4 #c #aj-;in* vegetable-di%es1 ,b4 ,w4 w>e4 #a #ad-;in* meat-platt]1 #a #af-;in* #a #d-qu>t pit*]1 #a mu/>d-pot4 #a ,se>s' set c>v]s1 #c pieces1 buck-horn h&les4 #a be/ /eel bread-knife4 #a new pat5t lemon-squeez]4 #a nickel-plat$ liquor-mix]4 #a agate-w>e teapot4 #a syrup-jug4 #f sn[-:ite enamel tumbl]s4 #a wire teapot-/&4 ,,coale',s ,,camp-,,/ove ,,& ,,outfit4 ,sold ) or )\t *e/4 ,?is *e/ is made v /rong1 ) metal corn]s1 size #ac #ai #bh in*es4 ,conta9s3 #a /ove ) ov5 7/ove is #bf #ag #aa in*es2 has #d ca/-iron #g-;in* lids2 ov5 is #h #af #aj in*es71 #d l5g?s pipe1 #a elb[1 #a bak+-pan1 #a fry+-pan1 #a ba/+-spoon1 #c camp-kettles1 #a wa%-b[l1 #f iron knives1 =ks1 & spoons1 #f :ite enamel cups1 #f :ite enamel sauc]s1 #a c>v+-knife & =k1 #a tea-kettle1 #a saucepan1 #a pok]1 #a wire broil]1 #a cake-turn]1 #a ba/+-=k4 ,?is outfit is = r\gh & ready s]vice1 & c be ?r[n into a wagon on %ort notice4 ,price ( outfit z above1 ) ov51 pack$ 9 p9e box #ae4jj ,same ) *e/ #be4jj ,,index4 ,a ,abscess1 #bjg ,accid5ts to c>riages1 #bgc ,acc\trem5ts1 co/ (1 #ddb ,adiabatic trans=mation1 #cfc ,air-space1 initial1 def9$1 #cfc ,all[ance1 projectiles = t>get practice1 #ddg 1 revolv] ammunition1 #afj ( wagons1 #big ,ammunition1 #c4b-;in* gun1 description (1 #if 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #c4f 7mort>7 1 #aag 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #cbb 1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta91 description (1 #f1 #g 1 #c4j 1 #bg-bi 1 fix$1 = field-guns1 1 #hg 1 #a4fe-;in*1 in/ructions = pack+1 #ah 1 h[ suppli$ to m\nta9-batt]ies1 #fj1 #fa 1 all[ance = t>get practice1 #ddg 1 all[ance = revolv] practice1 #afj 1 h[ prep>$1 #ca1 #cb1 #ahj1 #aha 1 proportion ( ea* k9d = m\nta9-batt]y1 #cd 1 r\nds 9 box = #a4fe-;in*1 #ab 1 c>e (1 #agh 1 h[ pa9t$1 #agh *e/1 cont5ts (1 #ace boxes = #a4fe-;in*1 #ab pack1 r\nds c>ri$1 9 #ab ,angle ( dep>ture1 #cfd ( elevation1 #cfd ( sight1 #cfd ,animals1 salt & v9eg> =1 #dcc ,apo!c>ies' measure1 #dhe ,artill]y comm&]1 duties (1 #cgf corps1 #bfb 1 divisional1 #bfb 1 transportation by sea1 #cja 1 h[ /or$ on %ipbo>d1 #cja1 #cjb 1 disemb>kation f %ipbo>d1 #cjc1 #cad 1 transportation by rail1 #cja 1 organization (1 #bfa 1 proportion (1 9 army1 #bfb teams1 p[] (1 #aid -wagon1 weight & description (1 #adi -h>ness1 #aej -wagon h>ness1 #aeg ,axes1 :]e c>ri$ on caisson1 #adb ,axle-seats = field-gun c>riage1 nom5clature1 #abg ,armam5t1 h[ /or$ on railroad c>s1 #cjf on %ipbo>d1 #cjb ,army-wagon1 inside measurem5t1 #dhb ,au/rian light artill]y1 #aba m\nta9-artill]y1 #gj1 #ga gun-pits1 #dgc ,b ,b>ley1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,b>rels1 weights & dim5sions (1 #dag ,b>rack *airs1 all[ance (1 #dec ,battalion comm&]1 duties (1 #cgg ,batt]ies1 ! diff]5t k9ds (1 #bfa ,batt]y books & records1 #dca 1 light1 enli/$ m5 =1 #bfc 1 composition (1 #bfb 1 organization (1 #bfc 1 pres5t organization1 ( #dcd comm&]1 duties (1 #cgg gu>d1 #aha-ahg 1 co/ (1 #dce 1 special-duty m5 all[$1 #dcd 1 supply table ( ordnance /ores =1 #dde tablew>e & kit*5 ut5sils1 #dea ,batt]y-wagon & =ge1 weight & description (1 #add 1 nom5clature1 #ade 1 articles c>ri$ on1 #ade 1 /or+ ( implem5ts1 #adg ,beans1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,beef1 p\nds 9 b>rel1 #dha ,belt1 (fic]'s1 co/ (1 #ddc ,biv\acs1 #bhh ,black+ = h>ness1 #fb ,bladd]1 inflammation (1 #bjg 1 irritation (1 #bjg ,bla/+1 dynamite1 #dbj ,blocks1 etc41 #cid ,blue-grass se$1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,boats1 buoyancy (1 #daf = bridges1 #dae ,books kept 9 light batt]y1 #dca ,b[brake1 nom5clature & description1 #abg ,b[els1 inflammation (1 #bjh ,boxes1 capacity (1 #dhb ,bran-ma%1 h[ made1 #bjf ,bread1 rule = mak+1 #fi ,break+ camp1 #bif ,bree*-block1 field-gun1 description (1 #gc me*anism1 field-gun1 action (1 #ha 1 h[ dism\nt$1 #hc 1 h[ assembl$1 #hc 1 #c4f-;in* mort>1 #aac 1 ,gatl+ gun1 action (1 #cca 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 h[ assembl$1 #cba 1 h[ dism\nt$1 #cbj ,bridges1 boat1 #dae 1 float+1 #dae 1 fly+1 #dad 1 frame1 #djf 1 lock1 #djf-djh 1 sl+1 #dji 1 /r+]1 #daa 1 tre/le1 #djd 1 roadway =1 #djc 1 passage ( milit>y1 #bgh 1 weights borne by1 #djb ,bron*itis1 #bjh ,bronze-h&le = field-gun1 #hj ,bruce fe$ = ,gatl+ gun1 #ccb ,buoyancy ( boats1 #daf ( casks1 #daf ,burns1 #bji & scalds 7m571 #dgh ,bu%el1 cubic y>ds 91 #dhb ,c ,caisson1 field1 nom5clature & description1 #aci 1 weights & equipm5ts1 #adc 1 articles c>ri$ on1 #adj 1 implem5ts /[$ on1 #ada 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #cbe ,camp1 selection (1 #bhj 1 lay+ out (1 #bhj1 #bhc-bhg 1 duties on rea*+1 #bha 1 break+ (1 #bif 1 = m\nta9-batt]ies1 #fg-fh 1 = battalion ( artill]y1 #bhf -furniture1 #did -/ove1 #die ,cani/]1 g5]al description1 #cga 1 #c4b-;in*1 description (1 #if 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #a4fe 1 #g 1 #c4j 1 #bi 1 h[ pa9t$1 #agh 1 :5 us$1 #cgb1 #chg ,canvas buckets1 :]e c>ri$ on caisson1 #adb ,cannone]s1 #a4fe-;in* gun m\nta9-batt]y1 #ba 1 #c4j 1 #cd ,c>p5t]'s & :eelwright's *e/1 cont5ts (1 #ade ,c>riages1 accid5ts to1 #bgc ,c>riage1 field-gun1 description (1 #abi 1 nom5clature1 #abe 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #cbc 1 ,gatl+ gun1 #ccg 1 ,g>dn] gun1 #cea 1 ,maxim automatic ma*9e-gun1 #ceh ,c>riage1 metallic1 = ma*9e-gun1 #cfa 1 #a4fe-;in* gun1 description (1 #h 1 h[ pack$1 #ag 1 #c4j-;in* gun1 description (1 #bd 1 #c4f-;in* mort>1 description & nom5clature1 #aad 1 field-gun1 axle-seat1 nom5clature1 #abg 1 b[brake1 1 #abg 1 elevat+ device1 nom5clature1 #abg-abi 1 c>e (1 #agd 1 limb]1 articles c>ri$ on1 #acf ,c>tridge1 #a4fe-;in* gun1 h[ assembl$1 #cb -bags1 h[ fill$1 #ahj -case1 1 #cb ,c>goes1 h[ pack$1 #da 1 h[ load$1 #db 1 h[ unload$1 #dg ,c>ri]-r+1 description (1 #ge ,c>s1 horse1 dim5sions (1 #cjc 1 pass5g]1 seat+ capacity1 #cjf ,ca/or beans1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,casks1 buoyancy (1 #daf ,*af+ 7m571 #dgh ,*ol]a morbus 7m571 #dgh ,clo?+1 all[ance (1 #deb & equipm5t = m5 on m>*1 #bfg 1 table = calculat+1 acc\nts1 #dib 1 weight (1 #ded ,clov]-se$1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,cold1 #ec ,coll>1 /eel1 description ( & h[ fitt$1 #aed-aef ,colic1 spasmodic1 #ee1 #bji 7m571 #dgh ,comm&]1 artill]y1 duties (1 #cgf 1 battalion1 1 #cgg 1 batt]y1 1 #cgg ,cook+1 camp1 #bic ut5sils 9 field1 #bfe ,corps1 artill]y1 #bfb 1 duties ( *ief1 #cgg ,con/ipation1 #baj 7m571 #dgh ,cordage1 #cib ,corns1 #baj ,corn brooms1 all[ance (1 #dec ,corn1 h[ to det]m9e quantity (1 #dhb 1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,crack$ heels1 #baa ,cramp1 #ef ,cross-fire1 #cff ,curb1 #baa ,cubic measure1 #dhc ,d ,de ,bange obturator1 description (1 #gg ,def9itions3 ,adiabatic trans=mation1 #cfc ,air-space1 initial1 #cfc ,angle ( dep>ture1 #cfd ,angle ( elevation1 #cfd ,angle ( sight1 #cfd ,balli/ics1 ext]ior1 #cfc 1 int]ior1 #cfb ,cross-fire1 #cff ,d5sity1 #cfb ,d5sity1 gravimetric1 #cfb ( load+1 #cfb 1 sectional1 #cfc 1 sph]ical1 #cfc ,detonation1 #cfc ,direct fire1 #cfe ,drift1 #cfe ,enfilade fire1 #cff ,f9al velocity1 #cfe ,flank+ fire1 #cff ,gunp[d]1 ignition1 #cfb 1 inflammation1 #cfb 1 combu/ion1 #cfb 1 explosion1 #cfb 1 sl[1 #cfc ,high-angle fire1 #cfe ,indirect fire1 #cfe ,initial velocity1 #cfe ,jump1 #cfe ,l9e ( dep>ture1 #cfd ,l9e ( fire1 #cfd ( sight1 #cfd ,oblique fire1 #cfe ,plane ( fire1 #cfd ,po9t ( mean impact1 #cfg ,plane ( sight1 #cfd ,probable rectangle1 #cfg ,probability ( fire1 #cff ,r$uc$ l5g?1 #cfc ,rema9+ velocity1 #cfe ,rev]se fire1 #cff ,simil> guns1 #cfc ,simil>ly load$ guns1 #cfc ,trajectory1 #cfc ,velocity ( emission1 #cfc 1 initial1 #cfe 1 rema9+1 #cfe 1 f9al1 #cfe ,deflection1 rule = correct+1 #ie ,d5tition ( horse1 #aif ,demolition1 #dbg-dbi ,de/ruction ( horses1 #bfj ,detonation1 #cfc ,di>rha1 #dgh ,direct fire1 #cfe ,diseases ( ! horse 7see ,vet]9>y ,treatm5t71 #bjj mule 1 #ec ,disemb>kation f %ipbo>d1 #cja1 #cad ,di/ances1 e/imation (1 #cgd ,di/emp]1 #baa ,dit*es1 h[ cross$1 #bgf ,divisional artill]y1 #bfb ,dress+ = h>ness1 #fa ,dri$ apples1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,drift1 #cfe ,driggs-,s*ro$] field-gun1 #hd 1 h[ dism\nt$1 #he 1 h[ assembl$1 #hf ,dr[n+1 #dgi ,driv]s1 m\nta9-batt]ies1 in/ructions =1 #fb-fd ,dynamite1 description (1 #dbj 1 h[ us$ 9 bla/+1 #dbj ,dry measure1 #dhd ,e ,elevat+ device = field-c>riage1 #abg1 #abi ,emetics 7m571 #dhj ,enfilade fire1 #cff ,engl&1 m\nta9-artill]y1 #gj 1 light artill]y1 #abc 1 gun-pit1 #dgd ,enli/$ m51 light batt]y1 description (1 #bfc 1 equipm5t & clo?+ on m>*1 #bfg 1 pay table =1 #dee ,equipage1 all[ance (1 #deb 1 weight (1 #ded ,equipm5t1 etc41 = (fic]s on m>*1 #bfe 1 ( p]sonnel ( batt]y1 #bfd 1 = enli/$ m5 on m>*1 #bfg 1 ( #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #bj 1 ( #c4j 1 #cd 1 weight (1 9 field-batt]y1 #ach ,ext]ior balli/ics1 #cfc ,eye1 #ed ,f ,fa9t+1 #dhj ,f>cy1 #baa ,fe$1 ,bruce1 = ,gatl+ gun1 #ccb 1 ,accles 1 #ccc 1 improv$1 = ,gatl+ gun1 #ccd ,fe$+ animals on c>s1 #cjd animals1 #ej1 #bch ,f]ry1 #dad ,field-artill]y1 =eign1 #abj-abc ,field-gun c>riage1 nom5clature1 #abe 1 description1 #abi 1 axle-seat1 nom5clature1 #abg 1 b[brake 1 #abg 1 elevat+ device 1 #abg-abi limb]1 description & nom5clature1 #aca-ace ,field-guns1 con/ruction (1 #gb 1 #c4b-;in*1 description (1 #hi 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 bree*-me*anism1 #gc 1 action (1 #ha ,field-guns1 ,g]dom bree*-me*anism1 #hf 1 ,driggs-,s*ro$] bree*-me*anism1 #hd 1 h[ dism\nt$1 #he 1 h[ assembl$1 #hf 1 bree*-me*anism1 h[ dism\nt$1 #hc assembl$1 #hc 1 bronze-h&le1 #hj 1 c>ri]-r+1 #ge 1 lat*1 #gf 1 lat*-cov]1 #ge 1 h+e-p91 #gf 1 lock+-recess1 #ge 1 guide-groove1 #ge 1 guide-sectors1 #ge 1 lev]-h&le1 #gi 1 obturator1 #gg-gh 1 /op1 #gf 1 v5t-cov]1 #hj 1 po9t+-arcs =1 #ic 1 1 h[ us$1 #ie 1 sight1 front1 #ij 1 re>1 #ib 1 fix$ ammunition =1 #hg 1 h[ disabl$1 #bge ,field-ov5s1 h[ made1 #bid ,filt]s1 h[ made1 #bie ,f9al velocity1 #cfe ,fi%1 p\nds 9 b>rel1 #dha ,fi/ula1 #ed1 #baa ,fir+1 night1 #cia 1 indirect1 #cij 1 projectiles us$1 #che ,fire1 rates (1 #chh ,flank+ fire1 #cff ,floats1 cask1 h[ made1 #daf ,float+ bridges1 #dae ,fly+ bridges1 #dad ,flaxse$1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,fl\r1 p\nds 9 b>rel1 #dha ,foot inflammation1 #bab ,=eign light artill]y1 #abj-abc ,=eign m\nta9 artill]y1 #gj-ga ,=age1 all[ance (1 #bci 1 h[ f$1 #bci 1 weight (1 #bci ,=ds1 h[ cross$1 #bgg1 #dad ,=ge-*e/1 cont5ts (1 #adf ,f\nd]1 #bab ,frame bridges1 #djf ,freight1 cubic y>ds to ton1 #dhb ,france1 m\nta9-artill]y1 #gj 1 light 1 #abj 1 gun-pit1 #dfi ,freyre obturator1 description (1 #gh on #c4f-;in* mort>1 #aac ,friction-prim] = m\nta9-gun1 #c ,fro/-bites1 #dhj ,fuel1 all[ance (1 #dec ,fuzes & friction-prim]s1 h[ kept1 #ahj ,fuze1 ,frank=d ,ars5al base-p]cussion = field-%ell1 #ajb1 #ajh 1 comb9ation1 = field-%rapnel1 #ii1 #ajh 1 = #c4f-;in* mort>-%rapnel1 #aag -%ell1 #aag = m\nta9-gun ammunition1 #aa 1 ,hot*kiss po9t-p]cussion1 #i ,g ,gaits = artill]y teams1 #aie ,galls1 #ee1 #bad ,g>dn] gun1 description (1 #cdf nom5clature1 #cej assembl+1 #ceb dism\nt+1 #cea c>riage1 #cea limb]1 #cea ,gatl+ gun1 description (1 #cbg 1 action ( me*anism1 #cca 1 precautions 9 fir+1 #ccf 1 #a-;in*1 nom5clature1 #cdd 1 assembl+1 #cde 1 dism\nt+1 #cdd 1 long-b>rel1 #ahhc1 assembl+1 #cdc 1 dism\nt+1 #cdb 1 %ort-b>rel1 #ahge1 assembl+1 #cda 1 dism\nt+1 #cdj 1 c>riage1 #ccg 1 limb]1 #cch 1 weights1 etc41 #cci ,g]many1 light artill]y1 #abj 1 gun-pit1 #dga ,g]dom bree*-me*anism1 #hf ,gl&]s1 #ef1 #aig1 #bad ,grease1 #ef1 #bae 1 axle1 :5 appli$1 #agd ,gruel1 h[ made1 #bjf ,gu>d1 comm&] (1 #ahc 1 ord]s =1 #aha-hg ,guns1 c>e (1 #agf 1 :5 pa9t$1 #agg ,gunn]s' quadrant = m\nta9-guns1 #f 1 description (1 #aaf ,guncotton1 #dbd 1 h[ fir$1 #dbe ,gunp[d]1 combu/ion (1 etc41 #cfb 1 description (1 #dai 1 sl[1 #cfc ,gun-pits1 g5]al obs]vations1 #dgg 1 ,au/rian1 #d 1 ,engli%1 #dgc 1 ,fr5*1 #dfi 1 ,g]man1 #dga 1 ,russian1 #dge ,h ,h>ness1 light-artill]y1 description (1 #aej 1 weights ( p>ts1 #aeg 1 price li/1 #ddj = artill]y-wagon1 #aeg 1 h[ fitt$ to horse1 #agb 1 h[ arrang$ on pegs1 #afe 1 c>e & pres]vation (1 #fa1 #afc 1 m\ldy1 h[ clean$1 #afb 1 soaps & dress+s =1 #fa1 #afd ,h>ness1 v>ni% =1 #afa = #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #ab 1 h[ pack$1 #ag ,h>ness+1 ( mules1 #eb 9 g>rison1 #aff ,hay1 description (1 #bdj 1 h[ to det]m9e quantity (1 #dhc ,heat exhau/ion1 #dhj ,hemp-se$1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,high-angle fire1 #cfe 1 explosives1 /orage (1 #dbf 1 transportation (1 #dbe ,hide-b\nd1 #baf ,hit*es1 #cif ,horse-artill]y1 front caisson-*e/ remov$1 #adb ,hock lam5ess1 #baf ,ho(-b\nd1 #baf ,horse1 nom5clature ( p>ts1 #aib1 #aic 1 description (1 #ahh 1 age (1 #aif 1 h[ obta9$1 #ahh 1 h[ select$1 #ahi 1 h[ br&$1 #aia 1 h[ tra9$1 #bbd-beh 1 h[ f$1 #bch 1 h[ wat]$1 #bda 1 directions = %oe+1 #bcb 1 c>e & treatm5t (1 #beh 1 nom5clature ( diseases1 #bjj 1 9 heal? & disease1 #aii 1 sick1 c>e (1 #aig 1 gl&]$1 action tak51 #aih 1 de/ruction ( !1 #bfj equipm5ts1 co/ (1 #ddc 1 weight drawn by1 9 field-c>riage1 #ach -caisson1 #adc batt]y-wagon & =ge1 #adh ,horses = #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #bb 1 h[ load$ & f$ on c>s1 #cjd 1 c>e (1 at sea1 #caa 1 transportation (1 by sea1 #cjg 1 by rail1 #cjd ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 description (1 #caf 1 action ( me*anism1 #cai 1 c>e (1 #cba 1 m\nt+ & dism\nt+1 #cbj 1 ammunition1 #cbb 1 c>riage1 #cbc 1 caisson1 #cbe 1 limb]1 #cbd 1 range table1 #cbf ,hunt+-knife1 #afj ,huts1 log1 #bif ,hut-/ables1 #bcd ,i ,ice1 passage (1 #big ,implem5ts1 :]e /[$ on caisson1 #ada ,indirect fire1 #cfe fir+1 #cij ,influ5za1 #baf ,initial velocity1 #cfe ,int]ior balli/ics1 #cfb ,intoxication1 #dhj ,italy1 m\nta9-artill]y1 #gj 1 light artill]y1 #abb ,j ,jump1 #cfe ,k ,knapsacks1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf 1 h[ pack$1 #bfg ,kit*5 ut5sils1 all[ance (1 #dea ,knife1 hunt+1 price (1 #ddb ,knots1 #cig ,l ,lacqu]s = metals1 #afb ,lam5ess1 #bah ,lampas1 #bah ,lamps1 all[ance (1 #ded ,l& measure1 #dhc ,lant]ns1 co/ (1 #dde 1 :]e c>ri$ on caisson1 #adb ,l>yngitis1 #bah ,la%+s1 #dja ,lat* = field-gun1 #gf -cov] = field-gun1 #ge ,lea!r1 m\ldy1 h[ clean$1 #afb 1 h[ atta*$ to metal1 #afb ,lev]-h&le = field-gun1 #gi ,limb]1 field-gun1 description & nom5clature1 #aca-ace 1 articles c>ri$ on1 #acf 1 ,g>dn] gun1 #cea 1 ,gatl+ gun1 #cch 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #cbd 1 #c4j-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #be ,l9e ( dep>ture1 #cfd ( fire1 #cfd ( sight1 #cfd ,liquid measure1 #dhd ,load+-tools1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #aa 1 #c4j 1 #ca ,lock bridges1 #djf-djh ,m ,ma*9e-guns1 #caf 1 c>e (1 #agg 1 metallic c>riage =1 #cfa ,mange1 #ef1 #bai ,maxim gun1 #cec 1 assembl+1 #cei 1 dism\nt+1 #cei 1 op]ation ( me*anism1 #cef 1 c>e (1 #ceh 1 c>riage =1 #ceh ,m>*es1 articles requir$1 #bfd 1 cook+ ut5sils1 #bfe 1 (fic]s' equipm5t1 #bfe 1 h[ conduct$1 #fd1 #bfh 1 di/ance cov]$ daily on1 #bfi 1 damages on1 :5 repair$1 #bgc ,m>k+-outfit1 co/ (1 #dde ,m$ic9es1 vet]9>y1 supply table (1 #ddh ,measures ( l5g?1 #dhc 1 liquid1 cyl9d]s =1 #dha 1 ( weight1 #dhf ,mess-*e/1 (fic]'s1 #did ,metric tables1 #dhf ,miscellane\s tables1 #dhe ,mort>1 #c4f-;in* field1 description (1 #aac 1 c>riage =1 #aad 1 plat=m1 #aae 1 po9t+-scale1 #aaf 1 ammunition1 #aag ,m\nta9-artill]y1 =eign1 #gj ,m\nta9-batt]y1 camps =1 #fg 1 gunn]s' quadrant1 #f 1 g5]al in/ructions =1 #eh 1 in/ructions = driv]s1 #fb 1 m>*es1 #fd 1 tools1 etc41 =1 #ai1 #ca 1 supply+ ammunition to1 #fj ,m\nta9-gun1 #a4fe-;in*1 description (1 #a 1 nom5clature (1 #c 1 action ( bree*-me*anism1 #c 1 bree*-me*anism1 h[ dism\nt$1 #d 1 h[ dism\nt$1 #aa 1 c>e (1 #d 1 load+-tools =1 #aa 1 sights =1 #e 1 ammunition =1 #f 1 in/ructions = pack+ ammunition1 #ah 1 c>riage =1 #h 1 in/ructions = pack+ c>riage & h>ness1 #ae-ah 1 h>ness$ = draught1 #ai 1 organization & equipm5t (1 #bj 1 animals requir$1 #bb 1 pack+-outfit1 #ab 1 weights c>ri$ by mules1 #ai 1 s]vice (1 #bb 1 range table1 #aj 1 #c4j-;in*1 description (1 #bc 1 ammunition =1 #bg 1 c>riage =1 #bd 1 h[ pack$1 #ce 1 limb]1 #be 1 load+-tools =1 #ca 1 sights =1 #bc 1 sp>e p>ts1 etc41 #bi 1 tools & supplies1 #cj 1 weights c>ri$ by mules1 #ch 1 organization & equipm5t1 #cd 1 cannone]s p] gun1 #cd 1 range table =1 #cc ,mule1 description ( !1 #di 1 c>e (1 #ea 1 fe$+ & wat]+1 #ej 1 h>ness+ & break+1 #eb 1 h[ saddl$1 #dj 1 h[ unsaddl$1 #dh 1 %oe+ !1 #ea 1 vet]9>y treatm5t1 #ec 1 weights c>ri$ by1 9 #a4fe-;in* batt]y1 #ai by pack1 #ci ,mules1 numb] requir$ 9 #a4fe-;in* batt]y1 #bb ,n ,navicul> disease1 #bai ,night-fir+1 #cia ,nose-bag1 p\nds ( oats 91 #dhb ,o ,oats1 description (1 #bdj 1 h[ to det]m9e quantity (1 #dhb 1 weight ( nosebagful1 #dhb 1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,oblique fire1 #cfe ,odomet]1 #bgi ,obturator1 de ,bange1 #gg 1 ,freyre1 #gh 1 sp>e1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf ,oil1 all[ance (1 #ded ,oil]1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf ,onions1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,(fic] ( ! day1 batt]y1 #ahc ,(fice-furniture1 all[ance (1 #ded ,(fic]s' equipm5t & clo?+ on m>*1 #bfe ,oph?almia1 #bbj ,ord]s = /able gu>d1 #aha-ahg ,organization ( artill]y1 #bfa ( light batt]y1 #bfc 7pres5t71 #dcd ( #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #bj ( #c4j 1 #cd ,outfit1 pack+1 #a4fe-;in* gun1 co/ (1 #dda ,ov]coat1 h[ roll$1 #bfh ,p ,pack1 ammunition1 #ab -saddles1 #ci 1 nom5clature ( ord9>y1 #ci 1 h[ fitt$1 #dj -tra9s1 #ci 1 all[ance ( mules to1 #ci 1 h[ pack$1 #ci 1 numb] ( pack]s to1 #ci ,pack+ ( c>goes1 #da m\nta9-gun1 #ac -outfit1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #ab c>riage1 1 #ae #c4j 1 #ce 1 weights c>ri$ by mules1 #ai1 #ci ,pa9ts1 oils1 & bru%es1 c>e (1 #afa ,pa9t = canvas1 #afa = field-guns1 #agf 1 old1 h[ to remove1 #agf 1 wat]pro(1 h[ made1 #afa ,p>alysis1 #bbj ,paul9s1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf 1 weight & dim5sions1 #ach ,pay table = enli/$ m51 #dee ,pea*es1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,peas1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,p5etration ( field-%ell1 #cfh ( projectiles1 #dfh-dfi ,ph>yngitis1 #bbj ,pickaxes1 :]e c>ri$ on caisson1 #ada ,picket-l9e1 :]e e/abli%$1 #bcc ,plat=m = #c4f-;in* mort>1 #aae ,plane ( fire1 #cfd ( sight1 #cfd ,pleurisy1 #bba ,pneumonia1 #bbb ,po9t+-arc = field-guns1 #ic 1 h[ us$1 #ie -scale1 #c4f-;in* mort>1 #aaf ,pole-prop1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf ,poll evil1 #ed ,po9t ( mean impact1 #cfg ,potatoes1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,pork1 p\nds 9 b>rel1 #dha ,p\ltice1 h[ made1 #bjf ,p[d]1 c>e & transportation (1 #agh ,probability ( fire1 #cff ,probable rectangle1 #cfg ,projectiles1 h[ fill$1 #aha 1 k9ds us$ 9 fir+1 #che 1 p5etration (1 #dfh ,prolonge1 l5g? (1 & :]e c>ri$1 #acf 1 weight (1 #ach ,price-li/1 acc\trem5ts1 #ddb 1 horse equipm5ts1 #ddc 1 light artill]y h>ness1 #ddj 1 light batt]y1 #dce 1 knife1 #ddb 1 lant]ns1 #dde 1 m>k+-outfit1 #dde 1 (fic]'s belt1 #ddc sabre1 #ddb spurs1 #ddd 1 revolv]1 #afj 1 pack+-outfit1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #dda 1 sabre1 enli/$ m5's1 #ddb 1 /5cil outfit1 #ddd ,punctures f %oe+1 #bbc ,puni%m5ts1 #deh ,purg+1 #bbc ,q ,quadrant1 gunn]s'1 #aaf ,quittor1 #bbd ,r ,rack-a-rock1 #dbc ,rafts1 #dag ,ration1 !1 #dcc 1 travel1 #dcd ,ramps = load+ animals1 #cje ,range-f9d+1 #cge ,range1 me?od ( f9d+1 #cha ,range tables3 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #cbf #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #aj #c4j 1 #cc #c4b-;in* field-gun1 %ell1 #ajf %rapnel1 #ajd #c4f %ell1 #aab %rapnel1 #aaj #c4f-;in* mort>1 %ell1 #aah %rapnel1 #aai ,record books1 batt]y1 #dca ,r$uc$ l5g?1 #cfc ,rema9+ velocity1 #cfe ,reports1 rolls1 & returns1 batt]y1 #dcb ,rev]se fire1 #cff ,revolv]1 cal4 4#de ,colt's1 description1 #aeh 1 nom5clature1 #aeh 1 h[ assembl$1 #aei 1 weights1 etc41 ( p>ts1 #aei 1 rapidity ( fire1 #aei 1 p5etration1 #afj 1 priceli/1 #afj ,rheumatism1 #bbd ,r+worm1 #bbd ,rope1 k9ds (1 #cib 1 pres]vation (1 #cic ,russian gun-pit1 #dge m\nta9-artill]y1 #gj light artill]y1 #aba ,s ,sabre1 (fic]'s1 price (1 #ddb 1 enli/$ m5's1 price (1 #ddb ,saddle1 nom5clature1 #aea 1 h[ plac$ on horse1 #agj ,saddle-blanket1 h[ fold$1 etc41 #afi ,salutes1 #dia ,saddl]'s *e/1 cont5ts (1 #adf ,salt = animals1 #dcc 1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha 9 b>rel1 #dha ,s&-crack1 #bbe ,scurvy1 #bbe ,sectional d5sity1 #cfc ,%ell1 def9ition (1 #cfh 1 :5 & h[ us$1 #che 1 p5etration (1 #cfh 1 h[ fill$1 #ca 1 h[ pa9t$1 #agh 1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #g 1 #c4j 1 #bh 1 #c4b-;in* field-gun1 #if 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #c4f-;in* field-mort>1 #aag 1 ,f4 ,a4 base-p]cussion fuze = field1 #ajb1 #ajh1 #aag ,%rapnel1 def9ition (1 #cfi 1 h[ fill$1 #cb 1 h[ pa9t$1 #agh 1 fire (1 #cgj 1 :5 & h[ us$1 #cfi1 #chf 1 rule = po9t ( bur/1 #cga 1 #c-;in* m\nta91 #bh 1 #c4b-;in* ,frank=d ,ars5al field1 #ig 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #c4b-;in* ,am]ican ,projectile ,co4 field1 #ih 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #c4f-;in* mort>1 #aag 1 ,frank=d ,ars5al comb9ation fuze =1 #ii1 #ajh1 #aag ,%oe+1 directions =1 #bcb mule1 #ea ,%ovels1 :]e c>ri$ on caisson1 #ada ,sick m51 treatm5t (1 #dgg-dha ,signal code1 #dfe ,sight+1 #cgf ,sights1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #e 1 #c4j 1 #bc 1 #c4b-;in* field-gun1 #ij1 #ib 1 #c4f 1 #ajh ,simil> guns1 #cfc ,simil>ly load$1 #cfc ,sl+ bridges1 #dji = horse1 #caj ,sores1 #bbe ,sore m\?1 #ed feet1 #dha ,spa91 m\nta9-artill]y (1 #gj ,switz]l&1 m\nta9-artill]y (1 #gj ,sp>e p>ts = #c4j-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #bi ,spra9s1 #bbf ,special-duty m5 9 light batt]y1 #dcd ,sph]ical d5sity1 #cfc ,spurs1 (fic]'s1 co/ (1 #ddd ,squ>e measure1 #dhc ,/alls1 size (1 #bcc ,/able duty1 groom+1 etc41 #bcf managem5t1 rules =1 #bcd ,/ables & /able duties1 #bcc 1 hut1 #bcd ,/ation]y1 all[ance (1 #ded ,/5cil outfit1 co/ (1 #ddd ,/op1 field-gun1 #gf ,/orage1 high explosives1 #dbf ,/oves1 all[ance (1 #dec 1 ,sibley1 #bic ,/rangles1 #ec1 #bbg ,/raw1 h[ to det]m9e quantity1 #dhc ,/r+] bridge1 #daa ,summ>y c\rt1 #def1 #dfe ,sun/roke1 #bbg1 #dhj ,supplies & tools1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #ai 1 #c4j 1 #cj ,supply table ( ordnance /ores = light batt]y1 #dde ( vet]9>y m$ic9es1 #ddh ,surc+les1 sizes (1 #aed ,swe5y1 #bbh ,swell$ legs1 #bbh ,t ,tablew>e1 all[ance = light batt]y1 #dea ,t>get practice1 h[ conduct$1 #cgi 1 all[ance ( ammunition =1 #ddg ,table ( weight ( clo?+ & equipage1 #ded ( p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha 9 b>rel1 #dha ,t5ts1 all[ance (1 #deb 1 weights1 dim5sions1 & all[ance1 #bhh 1 h[ pit*$1 #bhi 1 h[ /ruck1 #bib 1 heat+ (1 #bic ,?ru%1 #ee1 #bbh ,timb]1 /r5g? (1 #djc ,timo?y-se$1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,tools & supplies1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #ai 1 #c4j 1 #cj ,tool-box1 field-limb]1 cont5ts (1 #acg ,tra9+ ( horses1 #bdb-beh ,transportation1 all[ance (1 #big ( artill]y by sea & l&1 #cja by rail1 #cjc -horses by sea1 #cjg ( high explosives1 #dbe ,trajectory1 #cfc ,travel-ration1 #dcd ,tre/le bridges1 #djd ,u ,unh>ness+1 #afg1 #bhb ,ur9e1 ret5tion (1 #bbi 1 non-ret5tion (1 #bbi ,v ,v>ni%1 l9se$-oil1 h[ made1 #afb = h>ness1 #afa ,velocity ( emission1 #cfc ,velocity1 muzzle1 ( #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-gun1 #a 1 ( #c4j 1 #bc 1 ( #c4b-;in* field-gun1 #ij 1 ( #c4f 1 #ajh 1 ( #c4f-;in* field-mort>1 #aac ,v5ts = field-guns1 #gc ,v5t-cov]s = field-guns1 #hj ,vet]9>y m$ic9es1 #bja-bjg 1 doses1 & h[ adm9i/]$1 #bjc1 #bjd treatm5t1 #ec 1 abscess1 #bjg 1 bladd] irritation1 #bjg inflammation1 #bjg 1 b[els1 inflammation1 #bjh 1 bron*itis1 #bjh 1 burns1 #bji 1 colds1 #ec 1 colic1 #ei1 #bji 1 con/ipation1 #baj 1 corns1 #baj 1 crack$ heels1 #baa 1 cramps1 #ef 1 curb1 #baa 1 di/emp]1 #baa 1 f>cy1 #baa 1 fi/ula1 #ed1 #baa 1 foot inflammation1 #bab 1 f\nd]1 #bab 1 galls1 #ee1 #bad 1 gl&]s1 #ef1 #bad 1 grease1 #ef1 #bae 1 hide-b\nd1 #baf 1 ho(-b\nd1 #baf 1 hock lam5ess1 #baf 1 influ5za1 #baf 1 lam5ess1 #bah 1 lampas1 #bah 1 l>yngitis1 #bah 1 mange1 #ef1 #bai 1 navicul> disease1 #bai 1 oph?almia1 #bbj 1 p>alysis1 #bbj 1 ph>yngitis1 #bbj 1 pleurisy1 #bba 1 pneumonia1 #bbb 1 poll evil1 #ed 1 purg+1 #bbc 1 punctures f %oe+1 #bbc 1 quittor1 #bbd 1 r+worm1 #bbd 1 rheumatism1 #bbd 1 s&-crack1 #bbe 1 scurvy1 #bbe 1 sores1 #bbe 1 sore m\?1 #ed 1 spra9s1 #bbf 1 /rangles1 #ec1 #bbg 1 sun/roke1 #bbg 1 swe5y1 #bbh 1 swell$ legs1 #bbh 1 ?ru%1 #ee1 #bbh 1 ur9e1 ret5tion (1 #bbi 1 non-ret5tion (1 #bbi 1 w>bles1 #bcj 1 w>ts1 #bcj 1 worms1 #bcj 1 w\nds1 #bcj ,v9eg> = animals1 #dcc ,w ,w>bles1 #bcj ,wagon1 army1 inside measurem5t1 #dhb ,wagons1 all[ance (1 #big1 #bii1 #cjj 1 h[ pack$1 #bih ,w>ts1 #bcj ,wat]-filt]s1 #bie 1 all[ance 9 camp1 #bif at sea1 #cac -c>t1 #aej ,wat]+ on m>*1 #bgb ( animals1 #ej1 #bda ,:eat1 p\nds 9 bu%el1 #dha ,:eel1 ,ar*ibald1 description (1 #abd ,:eel1 ,ar*ibald1 h[ repair$1 #abe ,:eel-grease c1 :]e c>ri$1 #acf ,weight1 b>rels1 #dag 1 =age1 #bci 1 nosebagful ( oats1 #dhb 1 clo?+ & equipage1 #ded 1 cubic foot ( wat]1 #dhd drawn by artill]y teams1 #aid c>ri$ by mules1 #a4fe-;in* m\nta9-batt]y1 #ai 1 #c4j 1 #ch 1 ,g>dn] gun1 #cdf 1 ,hot*kiss revolv+ cannon1 #caf 1 c>riage1 #cbc 1 limb]1 #cbd 1 ,maxim gun1 #cec p] horse1 #c4b-;in* field-batt]y1 #ach 1 #c4f 1 #ach 1 field-caisson1 #adc ( load1 #c4b-;in* field-gun1 c>riage1 & equipm5t1 #ach 1 ,ar*ibald :eel1 #abd 1 #c4b-;in* field-gun1 #hi 1 #c4f 1 #ajh 1 #c4f field-mort>1 #aac 1 ma*9e-guns1 #cbc1 #cch1 #cci1 #cdf1 #cec 1 field-gun limb]1 #acc 1 tool-box1 #acg 1 field-caisson1 #aci 1 =ge & batt]y-wagon implem5ts1 etc41 #adh 1 artill]y-wagon1 #adi 1 artill]y-h>ness1 #aeg 1 equipm5ts 9 field-batt]y1 #ach 1 =ge-*e/1 #adg 1 saddl]'s *e/1 #adf 1 c>p5t]'s *e/1 #adf 1 prolonge1 #ach 1 /eel coll>1 #aed ,worms1 #bcj ,w\nds1 #bcj ,,footnotes3 #a ,n includ+ res]ve4 #b ,includes res]ve ammunition c>ri$ ) batt]y1 b n t 9 field-p>ks1 ars5als1 or ammunition-columns4 #c ,9 ! model ( #ahhe x ent]s f ! re>4 #d ,! po9t at :i* ! projectile has a rema9+ velocity ( #ejj ft4-sec41 ! m9imum at :i* %rapnel is effective4 #e ,^! numb]s correspond to a "t ( flight :i* is g5]ally less ?an ! tabulat$ "t ( flight by an am\nt requir$ to cause ! %rapnel to bur/ at a po9t )9 a di/ance ( #ge y>ds %ort ( ! t>get4 #f ,a corrugat$ %eet-metal prop w h]eaft] be atta*$ to ! neck-yoke /op4 ,x w fold up "u ! pole1 p>tly envelop+ x1 & be secur$ by a hook on ! prop4 #g ,r$uc$ :5 necess>y by remov+ an ammunition-*e/4 #h ,on sights h]eaft] made ?is w be #a_/ajjj ( ! range4 #i ,on ! sights h]eaft] made ! deflection divisions w correspond to #a_/ajjj ( ! range4 #aj ,or #h if upp] braces are us$4 #aa ,b]!let says3 ,?9 disks ( compress$ guncotton may be pi]c$ by a ball )\t explosion2 b if ?ickness ( disk be increas$ or resi/+ envelope us$ an explosion occurs4 #ab ,also #b copies to ! designat$ payma/]4 #ac ,:5 ,meat _c be furni%$4 #ad ,ea* caisson is provid$ ) sp>e-:eel axle1 b only two sp>e :eels are suppli$ to a f\r-gun batt]y4 #ae ,:5 ! necessity = _! issue is c]tifi$ to by ! dep>tm5t comm&]4 #af ,acc\nt$ = on return4 #ag increase if mean temp]ature = #bj days #bj ,f42 & if temp]ature is n above #aj ,f4 an increase ( is all[$ = any latitude4 #ah ,"u act ,may #ae1 #ahgb4 #ai ,act approv$ ,febru>y #bg1 #ahic1 to take effect on & aft] #a/ day ( ,july #ahic4 #bj ,^u trial = des]tion & conviction ( abs5ce )\t leave only ! c\rt may1 9 addition to ! limit prescrib$ = su* abs5ce1 aw>d a /oppage ( ! am\nt paid = appreh5sion4 #ba ,includ+ fir/ & exclud+ la/4 #bb ,9 specifications to *>ges ( l>c5y or embezzlem5t ! value ( ! prop]ty %all be /at$4 #bc ,ea* /ation %\ld h its *>act]i/ic signal or call lett]1 z ,wa%+ton1 ,w1 & ea* op]ator 8 p]sonal signal1 z ,jones1 ,jo4 ,,books ,,= ,,army ,,& ,,navy ,,(fic]s ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,john ,,wiley ,,sons4 ,,ordnance ,,& ,,gunn]y4 ,= ! use ( ! ,cadets ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,milit>y ,academy4 ,by ,capta9 ,h5ry ,metcalf1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army ,in/ructor ( ,ordnance & ,gunn]y1 ,u4,s4,m4,a4 #abmo1 #ejj pp41 clo?1 ) sep>ate atlas conta9+ #cej cuts1 #e4jj ,,mod]n ,,fr5* ,,artill]y4 ,! ,/4 ,*amond1 ,de ,bange1 ,canet & ,hot*kiss sy/ems1 ) illu/rations ( ,fr5* ,w> ,%ips4 ,by ,james ,dr$ge4 #dto1 half morocco1 #bj4jj net ,,h&book ,,( ,,problems ,,9 ,,direct ,,fire4 ,by ,james ,m4 ,+alls1 ,capta9 ,fir/ ,artill]y1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 #hvo1 clo?1 #d4jj ,,balli/ic ,,tables4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,h&book = ,we/ ,po9t ,cadets4 ,by ,capt4 ,jas4 ,m4 ,+alls4 #hvo1 clo?1 #a4ej ,,subm>9e ,,m9es ,,& ,,torp$oes4 ,z appli$ to ,h>b\r ,def5se4 ,by ,john ,t[ns5d ,bucknill1 ,honor>y ,lieut5ant-,colonel 7late ,major ,royal ,eng9e]s7 ,res]ve ( ,(fic]s4 ,) illu/rations4 #hvo1 clo?1 #d4jj ,,practical ,,seaman%ip4 ,by ,john ,todd1 ,ma/] ,m>9]1 & ,w4 ,b4 ,:all1 ,extra ,ma/] ,y\ng] ,bro!r ,tr9ity ,h\se4 ,royal #hvo1 full clo?1 ) #bdc ,illu/rations & ,diagrams1 #g4ej ,,notes ,,on ,,milit>y ,,hygi5e4 ,= ,(fic]s ( ! ,l9e4 ,a ,syllabus ( ,lectures at ! ,u4 ,s4 ,infantry & ,cavalry ,s*ool4 ,by ,alfr$ ,a4 ,woodhull1 ,major ( ,m$ical ,dep't41 ,bvt4 ,lt4 ,col4 ,u4 ,s4 ,army4 #abmo1 morocco1 #b4ej ,,simple ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,navigation4 ,by ,luci5 ,"y1 ,u4 ,s4 ,navy4 ,pocket-book =m4 ,new edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 #b4ej ,,! ,,soldi]s' ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,h&book4 ,compris+ a ,s]ies ( ,lectures to ,memb]s ( ! ,hospital ,corps & ,company ,be>]s4 ,by ,william ,d4 ,dietz1 ,late ,capta9 & ,assi/ant ,surgeon ,u4 ,s4 ,army4 #ahmo1 morocco1 #a4be ,,p]man5t ,,=tifications4 ,by ,pr(4 ,d4 ,h4 ,mahan1 ,revis$ & br\ght up to date by ,col4 ,james ,m]cur1 ,u4 ,s4 ,milit>y ,academy1 ,we/ ,po9t4 ,num]\s plates1 #ahhg4 #hvo1 half morocco1 #g4ej ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,w>4 ,by ,james ,m]cur1 ,pr(essor ( ,civil & ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy4 ,illu/rat$ ) full-page & fold+ plates4 ,?ird edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #d4jj ,,practical ,,m>9e ,,survey+4 ,by ,h>ry ,phelps1 ,u4 ,s4 ,navy4 #hvo1 clo?1 #b4ej ,,an ,,abridgem5t ,,( ,,milit>y ,,law4 ,by ,col4 ,w4 ,w9?rop1 ,deputy ,judge ,advocate-,g5]al1 ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 late ,pr(essor ( ,law1 ,u4 ,s4 ,milit>y ,academy4 ,second & revis$ edition4 #abmo1 r$ clo?1 #b4ej ,a ,,manual ,,= ,,c\rts-,,m>tial4 ,prep>$ by ,lt4 ,ar?ur ,murray1 #a/ ,artill]y1 late ,act+ ,judge ,advocate-,g5]al1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,?ird edition4 #ahmo1 morocco1 flap1 #a4ej ,,cavalry ,,out-,,po/ ,,duties4 ,by ,f4 ,de ,brack1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* 7?ird edition1 #ahfc7 by ,major ,camillo ,c4 ,c4 ,c>r1 #h? ,cavalry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 #ahmo1 morocco1 flap1 #b4jj ,,gunn]y ,,= ,,non-,,commission$ ,,(fic]s4 ,compil$ by ,lt4 ,adelb]t ,cronkhite1 #d? ,artill]y1 ) ,balli/ic ,tables1 by ,capt4 ,james ,*e/]1 #c;d ,artill]y1 #ahmo1 morocco1 flap1 #b4jj ,,art ,,( ,,subsi/+ ,,armies ,,9 ,,w>4 ,by ,capt4 ,h4 ,g4 ,%>pe1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,morocco1 #a4ej ,,! ,,army ,,(fic]',s ,,exam9]4 ,by ,lt4 ,col4 ,w4 ,h4 ,p[ell1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 #abmo1 clo?1 #d4jj ,,elem5t>y ,,naval ,,tactics4 ,by ,comm&] ,wm4 ,ba9bridge-,h(f1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 #hvo1 clo?1 #a4ej ,,attack ,,( ,,=tifi$ ,,places4 ,includ+ ,siege-,works1 ,m9+ & ,demolitions4 ,by ,james ,m]cur1 ,u4 ,s4 ,m4 ,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,civil & ,milit>y ,eng9e]+4 #abmo1 clo?1 #b4jj ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,ordnance ,,& ,,gunn]y4 ,= ! use ( ! ,cadets ( ,u4 ,s4 ,m4 ,a4 ,by ,capt4 ,lawr5ce ,l4 ,bruff1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 #hvo1 clo?1 #f4jj ,,h&book ,,= ,,light ,,artill]y4 ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,dy]1 ,fir/ ,lieut4 ,f\r? ,u4 ,s4 ,artill]y4 #abmo1 clo?1 #c4jj ,transcrib]'s ,note3 #a4 ,! m9utes ( ! angle = ! ,,range ,,table ,,= #c4f-;,,in* ,b4 ,l4 ,,mort>4 #af ounces2 ,range #bijj is uncle>4 7,page #aah74 #b4 ,punctuation has be5 /&>diz$4 #c4 ,spell+ has be5 correct$ :]e necess>y4 #d4 ,"u ,,*apt] ,x1 ,,def9itions3 ,,int]ior ,,balli/ics1 ,d5sity ( ,load+1 ! ^w cubic has be5 add$ be=e ! ^w in*es4 #e4 ,morse code = 79 ! orig9al book7 has be5 sil5tly correct$4 7,page #dfe7 #f4 ,italics are %[n z xxxx4 #g4 ,bold type is %[n z xxxx4 #h4 ,"s tables h be5 split to avoid long l9es4