,,h&books ,,( ,,practical ,,g>d5+--,,xviii ,,edit$ ,,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,topi>y ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,9 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s ,,%[+ ,,g>d5]',s ,,h\se ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,topi>y ,,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,curtis1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,,assi/ant ,,editor ,,( ,,! 8,,g>d5]s' ,,magaz9e02 ,,previ\sly ,,assi/ant ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,horticultural ,,society',s ,,g>d5s1 ,,*iswick2 ,,& ,,=m]ly ,,at ,,! ,,royal ,,g>d5s1 ,,kew ,,& ,w4 ,,gibson ,,head ,,g>d5] ,,at ,,lev5s ,,hall1 ,,we/morel& 8,! man :o sne]s at me = admir+1 z ,i d1 a well cut peacock1 may take my assurance 9 advance t ,i w nei!r kick him nor abuse him2 b pity him ,i mu/40 ,,%irley ,,hibb]d4 ,,john ,,lane3 ,,! ,,bodley ,,head ,,london ,,& ,,new ,,york4 ,,mcmiv ,turnbull ,spe>s1 ,pr9t]s1 ,ed9burgh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,topi>y #d ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory #f ,,gold5 ,,age ,,( ,,topi>y #ab ,,crusade ,,aga9/ ,,topi>y #ba ,,addison ,,& ,,pope #bd ,,revival ,,( ,,! ,,art #cb ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,a ,,topi>y ,,g>d5 #cg ,,plant+ ,,& ,,manur+ #dd ,,managem5t ,,( ,,old ,,trees #ej ,,! ,,managem5t ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,"y ,,trees #eh ,,! ,,g5]al ,,managem5t ,,( ,a ,,topi>y ,,g>d5 #gj ,,index #gi ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,view ,,9 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s3 ,,%[+ ,,g>d5]',s ,,h\se ,frontispiece ,,box ,,tree ,,cottage1 ,,ru/+ton ,to face page #b 7,f a draw+ by ,mr ,w4 ,graham ,rob]tson7 ,a ,,pig ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #d 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,a ,,f>m-,,y>d ,,f[l ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #f 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,a ,,lea!rn ,,bottel ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #f 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s3 ,,! ,,broad ,,walk #h ,,boats1 ,,pyramids1 ,,& ,,peacocks #aj 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,*eal7 ,,! ,,h>l+ton ,,yew #ab 7,by c\rtesy ( 8,! ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e07 ,,peacocks1 ,,tables1 ,,spirals1 ,,& ,,boats ,,9 ,,yew ,,& ,,box #ad 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,*eal7 ,,bee* ,,h$ge ,,& ,,b[l+-,,gre5 ,,at ,,lev5s #af ,,e>ly ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,view ,,( ,,"l ,,hamilton',s ,,gr\nds ,,ne> ,,! ,,?ames #ah 7,by c\rtesy ( 8,! ,agricultural ,economi/07 ,,mun?am ,,c\rt1 ,,sussex #bb 7,by c\rtesy ( 8,! ,agricultural ,economi/07 ,,yew ,,tree ,,) ,,bird #bd 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,cutbu%7 ,,cr[n ,,g>d51 ,,mun?am ,,c\rt1 ,,sussex #bh 7,by c\rtesy ( 8,! ,agricultural ,economi/07 ,,que5 ,,elizabe?',s ,,cr[n ,,& ,,jug1 ,,elva/on ,,ca/le #cj 7,by c\rtesy ( 8,! ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e07 ,,h5s1 ,,ducks1 ,,& ,,peacocks ,,9 ,,box ,,& ,,yew #cb 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,*eal7 ,,yew ,,tree ,,) ,,bird--,,ano!r ,,=m #cd 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,cutbu%7 ,,clipp$ ,,yews ,,at ,a ,,cottage ,,entrance #cf 7,f ,jekyll's 8,old ,we/ ,survey40 ,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co47 ,,crosses ,,& ,,jugs ,,9 ,,yew #ch 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,*eal7 ,,v>i\sly ,,%ap$ ,,yew ,,trees #dj 7,by c\rtesy ( ,messrs ,cutbu%7 ,a ,,peacock ,,cut ,,9 ,,yew ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #da 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,box ,,g>d51 ,,*a/leton ,,h\se #db 7,by c\rtesy ( ,miss ,:itmore ,jones7 ,,cottage ,,at ,,dit*eat1 ,,som]set #dd 7,photo4 by ,mr ,hulb]t7 ,,cross ,,9 ,,yew ,,9 ,,/ ,,boniface ,,*ur*y>d1 ,,bon*ur*1 ,,isle ,,( ,,wight #dh ,,yews ,,at ,,montacute1 ,,som]set #ej 7,photo1 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,! ,,po/ ,,(fice1 ,,dit*eat #eb 7,photo1 by ,mr ,hulb]t7 ,,old ,,example ,,( ,,topi>y ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #ed 7,photo1 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s3 ,,g5]al ,,view #ef ,a ,,v]dant ,,peacock #fj 7,photo1 by ,mr ,*>les ,?ong]7 ,,seat ,,at ,,! ,,priory1 ,,gla/onbury #fb 7,photo1 by ,mr ,hulb]t7 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s3 ,,umbrella1 ,,indian ,,wigwam1 ,,& ,,ea/ ,,walk #ff ,,arm-,,*air ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #fh 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,! ,,cottag]',s ,,pride #gj 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,a ,,swan ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates #gb 7,photo4 by ,mr ,f4 ,goode7 ,,cottage ,,topi>y ,,at ,,nor? ,,weald1 ,,essex #gb ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s3 ,,%[+ ,,lett] ,b ,,& ,,lion #gf ,,note4--,! ,publi%] w be glad if read]s w s5d him1 at ,vigo ,/reet1 ,w41 photographs or notes ( any rem>kable specim5s ( ,topi>y1 = inclusion 9 a new edition4 ,,introduction ,x is extremely =tunate t ! ,editor made no limitations1 beyond t ( space1 :5 giv+ me ! invitation to contribute a hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,art ( ,topi>y1 z a sort ( preface to ! practical advice giv5 9 lat] *apt]s by ,mr ,gibson1 :o has *>ge ( ! wond]ful collection ( clipp$ trees at ,lev5s ,hall4 ,?is is =tunate1 because x w\ld h be5 difficult ei!r to :olly praise or :olly blame an art t = at lea/ a c5tury & a half provid$ ,engli% g>d5s ) _! out/&+ feature4 ,x 7 easy = u to dismiss ! :ole subject ( ,topi>y by affect+ a great sup]iority & ref]r+ to x only z a monum5t ( p]v]t$ ta/e1 b t w\ld nei!r provide int]e/ nor give in/ruction1 & x is hop$ t bo? ^! ends may be s]v$ s f> z ! space at disposal w p]mit4 ,z x is an und\bt$ fact t = ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ,topi>y 0 bo? fa%ionable & popul>1 x foll[s t1 :atev] our ta/e may be1 a consid]ation ( ! subject _c be lack+ 9 int]e/4 ,nev] did a horticultural fa%ion reta9 its hold ^u a g>d5+ public s long z ,topi>y1 b z fa%ions r>ely come spontane\sly b are r arriv$ at by a k9d ( evolution>y process1 s ! art ( ,v]dant ,sculpture mu/ h _h its ,e>ly ,hi/ory1 foll[$ by a developm5t ( design limit$ only by ! +5uity ( ! g>d5]4 ,!n came :at "o may call ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,topi>y1 :5 e g>d5 hav+ any pret5sions :atev] to importance 0 m or less notable accord+ to ! degree ( =mality f\nd 9 its design & furni%+4 ,! inevitable reaction foll[$ next1 & _h its beg9n+ 9 a ,crusade :i* f\nd able support]s 9 ^? two brilliant essayi/s & satiri/s1 ,addison & ,pope4 ,! old ord] *ang$1 & consid]+ its age1 x *ang$ ) a rapidity = :i* !re seems to be no p>allel 9 horticulture4 ,no d\bt _m trees 7 p]mitt$ to gr[ naturally aft] ye>s ( close cropp+ & c>v+1 b d\btless also _m ?\s&s 7 uproot$ & de/roy$ by ! l&scape g>d5]s :o 7 practis+--notably ,bridgeman & ,k5t--:5 ! decl9e ( ,topi>y set 94 ,& n only 7 clipp$ trees de/roy$1 b _m a spl5did close trimm$ h$ge ( box & yew 0 swept away1 leav+ ! g>d5 un%elt]$ & unseclud$4 ,extremes met1 z 0 b natural1 :5 once ! tide ( fa%ion turn$1 & x has be5 left = ! pres5t times to prop]ly adju/ ! balance betwe5 extreme =mality on ! "o h& & too close a copy ( nature on ! o!r4 ,we c appreciate ! %elt] & beauty ( a well trimm$ h$ge 9 ! g>d51 &1 9 its prop] place1 we f9d no fault ) a /raight t]race walk4 ,/ill fur!r1 we are collect+ old sundials or fa%ion+ new ones on old models1 & 9 "s ( ! be/ g>d5s ( ! day ! g>d5 seats h a com=table old-"t appe>ance4 ,! pr9ciple ( associat+ l ) l is ga9+ gr\nd1 & 9 num]\s f9e e/abli%m5ts ! int]e/ ( ! place is wond]fully increas$ & ext5d$ by g>d5s devot$ to c]ta9 subjects4 ,we h ,rose ,g>d5s1 ,rhodod5dron ,g>d5s1 ,bamboo ,g>d5s1 ,mi*aelmas ,daisy ,g>d5s1 etc41 & la/ly1 we h ,topi>y ,g>d5s4 ,^! latt] d n n[ z h]et(ore ov]p[] ev]y?+ else2 !y are simply "p ( a :ole s*eme = provid+ a cont9uation ( pleasure1 beauty & int]e/2 !y s]ve z a rem9d] ( a qua9t /age 9 ! progress ( horticulture1 & %[ :at a wond]ful vitality is possess$ by yew1 box1 & "s few o!r ev]gre5 %rubs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,box ,,tree ,,cottage ,,ru/+ton ,?is little book1 !n1 is n plac$ be=e ! public ) any f]v5t hope t x w incite g>d5 lov]s to at once sally =? ) %e>s & scissors to attack ! ne>e/ yew tree2 nor is x issu$ ) a desire t g>d5 mak]s may be induc$ to plant clipp$ trees ext5sively4 ,fur!r1 ! 8,book ( ,topi>y0 c h>dly be said to 8supply a long felt want0 9 ! g5]al s5se 9 :i* t v hackney$ phrase is us$4 ,:y comes x1 !n8 ,:at are its claims to popul> consid]ation8 ,x comes to provide an h\r's read+ ^u "o ( ! mo/ di/9ct & int]e/+ bran*es ( horticulture t ! art has ev] produc$4 ,its claims to consid]ation are1 *iefly1 t 9 x are ga!r$ toge!r ! ma9 incid5ts t g to make up ! hi/ory ( ,topi>y1 & x pres5ts to read]s ! cultural exp]i5ce ( "o ^: opportunities = ga9+ su* exp]i5ce are unequall$4 ,topi>ian hi/ory is some:at difficult to piece toge!r1 &1 s f> z ! writ] is aw>e1 no attempt has hi!rto be5 made to place su* a hi/ory be=e ! g>d5+ public4 ,x is1 !re=e1 mode/ly sugge/$ t ?is "w is some:at unique among books deal+ ) horticultural subjects1 & x is hop$ x may be f\nd to des]ve a position 9 e g>d5 libr>y4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,curtis4 ,,topi>y 8,if ,i d n def5d ! ta/e ?r\gh ?ick & ?91 ,i am prep>$ to admit t mu* may be said 9 its fav\r1 & x is f> f my int5tion to d5\nce x z ei!r extravagant or fooli%4 ,x may be true1 z ,i believe x is1 t ! natural =m ( a tree is ! mo/ beautiful possible = t p>ticul> tree1 b x may happ5 t we d n always want ! mo/ beautiful =m1 b "o ( our own design+1 & expressive ( our +5uity40--,%irley ,hibb]d4 ,mod]n horticultural works1 & especially ^? t are ( ! ,diction>y type1 d n z a rule take any notice :atev] ( ,topi>y1 & ^? 9 :i* x is notic$ deal ) ! subject ) a brevity t is provok+1 inasmu* z ! /ud5t is little or none ! wis] = ! in=mation giv54 8,johnson's ,g>d5]s' ,diction>y0 is sil5t on ! subject1 & 8,cassell's ,popul> ,g>d5+0 may be se>*$ 9 va9 = any ref]5ce to x4 ,mr ,g4 ,ni*olson1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,v4,m4,h41 9 8 celebrat$ 8,diction>y ( ,g>d5+10 writes1 "u ,topi>y1 8,al?\gh ! absurd fa%ion ( cutt+ & tortur+ trees into all sorts ( fanta/ic %apes has1 happily1 almo/ pass$ away1 yet1 z ! art ( ! ,topi>i/ 0 = a consid]able p]iod reg>d$ z ! p]fection ( g>d5+1 "s m5tion ( x is desirable "h4 ,:5 ! fa%ion fir/ became g5]al 9 ,brita91 x is probably impossible to asc]ta92 b x rea*$ its highe/ po9t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & held its gr\nd until driv5 out ( ! field 9 ! la/ 7eighte5?7 c5tury by ! natural or picturesque /yle4 ,f an ar*ological po9t ( view1 x is n to be regrett$ t examples ( ,topi>y "w on a l>ge scale /ill exi/ 9 sev]al ,briti% g>d5s40 ,turn+ to ! v rec5t 8,cassell's ,diction>y ( ,g>d5+0 an all too concise acc\nt is f\nd1 b ,mr ,w4 ,p4 ,wright admits !re9 t ,topi>y 8f9ds fav\r 9 _m qu>t]s to-day1 al?\gh x only diff]s 9 degree & n 9 pr9ciple f ! be/ examples ( ! ,topi>y art ( ! sixte5? c5tury40 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pig ,,cut ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,encyclopdias tell u v little ( ,topi>y1 & ev5 t monum5tal "w ! 8,encyclopdia ,britannica0 conta9s )9 its portly tomes no ref]5ce to s hi/orically int]e/+ a subject1 unless x be curi\sly hidd5 away4 ,& ev5 t v useful "w 8,*amb]s's ,encyclopdia0 passes ov] ,topi>y z ?\gh su* an art nev] exi/$4 ,to /ud5ts ( ,etymology ! ^w ,topi>y itself is ( consid]able int]e/4 ,= ! pres5t "w x mu/ suffice to say t x is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 topi>ius1 p]ta9+ to ornam5tal g>d5+4 ,"o diction>y def9ition or mean+ ( ! ^w is 8%ap$ by cutt+ or clipp+0 & horticulturi/s w agree t ?is def9ition is bo? clev] & descriptive1 = ,topi>y "w consi/s 9 giv+ all k9ds ( m or less fanciful =ms to trees1 h$ges1 & arb\rs4 ,an int]e/+ ref]5ce is made 9 ! 8,hi/ory ( ,ox=d%ire0 to ! use ( ! phrase 8,topi>y ,"w40 ,x is /at$ !re9 t 8at ,hampton ,c\rt1 :i* 0 laid out ab\t ! middle ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 by ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 !re 0 a labyr9?1 :i* /ill exi/s1 cov]+ only ! qu>t] ( an ,acre ( gr\nd1 yet its walks ext5d+ by _! volutions ov] ne>ly half a mile4 ,! walls also 7 cov]$ ) ,rosem>y4 ,x 0 also long celebrat$ = its trees cut into grotesque =ms1 :i* ,dr ,plot admir$ & dignifi$ ) ! "n ( ,topi>y ,works40 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory 8,little l[ h$ges1 r\nd l welts1 ) "s pyramids1 ,i l well2 & 9 "s places fair columns1 ^u frames ( c>p5t]s' "w40--,bacon4 ,j h[ f> back 9 ! hi/ory ( g>d5s & g>d5+ ! art ( ,topi>y 0 fir/ practis$ !re is no means ( tell+1 b we "k t g>d5+ 0 fir/ practis$ z a s\rce ( food supply1 & t pleasure g>d5+ did n occupy a v prom95t position among ! arts & sci5ces until civilisation _h made consid]able advances4 ,ar*itecture _h progress$ 9 a wond]ful mann] & rea*$ a high /ate ( p]fection long be=e horticulture assum$ any great importance4 ,to use ,"l ,bacon's elegant words1 8:5 ages gr[ to civility & elegancy1 m5 come to build /ately1 soon] ?an to g>d5 f9ely1 z if g>d5+ 7 ! great] p]fection40 ,?is be+ s1 x does n seem s v unreasonable to presume t ! anci5t build]s ( /ately edifices w\ld n 9 design+ ! surr\nd+ g>d5s1 plant trees & %rubs likely to mask1 s(t51 or detract 9 any way f ! ar*itectural features creat$ at s great an exp5diture ( "t & money4 ,!y w\ld ! r be likely to plant ! m =mal trees ne> ! mansion1 keep+ ! m graceful at a di/ance4 ,! love ( ! =mal among ! ,greeks may be evid5c$ f ! writ+s ( ,!ocritus1 ! pa/oral poet ( ,greece1 :o comp>es ! beauty ( ,hel5 to t ( a ,cypress4 ,foll[+ up ?is idea1 a reason = keep+ ev]gre5 & o!r trees closely clipp$ is app>5t4 ,f ! m]e clipp+ ( ^! subjects s z to keep !m 9 h>mony ) ! ar*itecture1 to ! cutt+ ( ev]gre5s into fanta/ic %apes1 is n a v wide transition1 b :e!r ! latt] /yle 0 fir/ adopt$ by ! ,grecian or ! ,roman g>d5]s does n appe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,f>m-,,y>d ,,f[l ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,illu/ration3 ,a 8,,lea!rn ,,bottel0 ,,cut ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,we d "k1 h[ev]1 t ! ,romans practis$ ,topi>y freely & t !y 7 also f9e ar*itects & build]s4 ,ev5 9 ! =mation ( %elt]+ groves ( =e/ trees to provide welcome %ade f ! bright sun%9e1 ! ,romans adopt$ ! =mal qu9cunx me?od ( dispos+ ! trees4 ,h[ mu* m1 !n1 w\ld !y h be5 ready 9 t age ( undevelop$ ta/e 9 ! design & plant+ ( g>d5s to welcome a me?od ( tra9+ & culture t enabl$ !m n only to br+ ! g>d5 up to ! mansion )\t any resultant loss ( ar*itectural effect1 b also p]mitt$ !m to c>ry ar*itecture into ! g>d5 & apply x 9 a m or less fanta/ic mann] to ! trees !mselves4 ,on ! au?ority ( ,m>tial we le>n t ! art ( ,topi>y 0 fir/ introduc$ to ! ,romans by ,cneus ,matius4 ,matius 0 ! fri5d ( ,julius ,cs> & a p>ticul> fav\rite ( ,augu/us1 b :e!r he orig9at$ or borr[$ ! idea we "k n4 ,z a c\rt fav\rite1 h[ev]1 he mu/ h _h ample opportunity = propagat+ ?is p>ticul> me?od ( g>d5+1 & d\btless !n1 z n[1 a fa%ion set at c\rt 0 quickly foll[$ by all :o wi%$ to be up-to-date4 ,good or bad1 ! ta/e spread1 & ev5 su* a man ( ta/e & lett]s z ,pl9y ! ,roman ,consul consid]$ x q ! prop] ?+ to use ,topi>y "w ext5sively 9 8 fam\s ,tuscan ,villa4 ,9 a lett] writt5 by ,pl9y ! ,y\ng] to 8 fri5d ,apoll9>is 7,ep4 v4 #f7 is a f9e description ( ?is g>d54 ,melmo?'s translation pictures ! front ( ! ,portico z op5+ on to a sort ( ,t]race 8embelli%$ ) v>i\s figures1 & b\nd$ ) a ,box ,h$ge1 f :i* y desc5d by an easy slope1 adorn$ ) ! repres5tation ( div]s animals 9 ,box1 answ]+ alt]nately to ea* o!r3 ?is is surr\nd$ by a walk enclos$ ) tonsile ev]gre5s1 %ap$ into a v>iety ( =ms4 ,beh9d x is ! ,ge/atio1 laid out 9 ! =m ( a ,circus1 ornam5t$ 9 ! middle ) ,box1 cut into numb]less diff]5t figures1 toge!r ) a plantation ( %rubs prev5t$ by ! %e>s f runn+ too high3 ! :ole is f5c$ 9 by a ,wall1 cov]$ ) ,box1 ris+ 9 diff]5t ranges to ! top40 ,aft] deal+ ) trees1 roses1 etc41 he cont9ues3 8,hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ^! w9d+ alleys1 y ent] a /raight walk1 :i* breaks out into a v>iety ( o!rs divid$ (f by ,box h$ges4 ,9 "o place y h a little mead[2 9 ano!r ! ,box is cut into a ?\s& diff]5t =ms2 sometimes into lett]s express+ ! "n ( ! ma/]2 sometimes t ( ! artific]2 :il/ "h & !re little ,obelisks rise int]mix$ alt]nately ) fruit trees1 :5 on a sudd5 y are surpris$ ) an imitation ( ! neglig5t beauties ( rural ,nature1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* lies a spot surr\nd$ ) a knot ( dw>f ,plane ,trees40 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be assum$ t ! ,romans 7 entirely )\t appreciation ( natural beauty & sc5]y4 ,f> f x4 ,b !y lov$ lavi% displays ( art1 & ?is also l$ !m to use ! g>d5s imm$iately surr\nd+ _! dwell+s z a gall]y 9 :i* to arrange _! collections ( sculptur$ trees4 ,roman poets & philosoph]s alike h left 9 _! writ+s ample evid5ce t ! beauties ( nature 7 greatly admir$ by _! c\ntrym51 b at t p]iod1 :5 ,rome 0 ! mi/ress ( ! _w1 ,italy 0 well suppli$ ) natural sylvan sc5]y1 & consequ5tly1 :]e x 0 n at all necess>y to cultivate ?is p>ticul> =m ( g>d5+1 ! desire = contra/ & display l$ to a v widespread adoption ( ! art ( ,topi>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s ,,! ,,broad ,,walk ,f ! g>d5s ( ! weal?y ,romans ! ta/e = clipp$ trees & g5]al =mality ( design 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! ,empire4 ,d\btless ! monks :o c>ri$ ! arts ( g>d5+ ?r\gh\t ! ,european cont95t took ) !m & put into practice a ta/e = ,topi>y4 ,9 _! wall-encircl$ mona/ic g>d5s d5se h$ges w\ld rise bo? = ! provision ( %elt] & to af=d additional seclusion1 & 9 a mode/ way ^! w\ld 9 all probability be embelli%$ by v]dant sculptures4 ,b x 0 mu* lat] ?an ?is t ,topi>y comm5c$ to be "o ( ! *ief features ( g>d5 design1 = ) ! corruption ( ! rul+ p[]s came ! decl9e ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & !n foll[$ ! ,d>k ,ages :]e9 ! cla% ( arms1 c\pl$ ) deep sup]/ition1 put g>d5+1 z a pleasure1 out ( ! "q1 s t except 9 "s few cases x 0 only conduct$ at all because ( ! necessity ( provid+ a meagre food supply4 ,= long1 long ye>s w>-l occupations 71 ei!r f *oice or necessity1 9 ! asc5dant4 ,b !re pres5tly came a "t :5 peace aga9 reign$ & arts & comm]ce fl\ri%$2 g>d5+ reviv$1 & 9 ,italy :]e /ill rema9$ _m examples ( ! gr&eur ( ,anci5t ,rome1 x soon fl\ri%$ 9 ! e/abli%m5ts ( ! weal?y pr9ces4 ,al?\gh ,*>lemagne reviv$ ! art ( g>d5+ 9 ,france 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 he 0 n ! k9d ( man to c>e mu* = g>d5 display2 he r introduc$ useful fruits & enc\rag$ ! cultivation ( h]bs & fruits :olly f an economic po9t ( view4 ,s we are compell$ by ! lack ( hi/orical in=mation to pass on to mu* lat] times ere we c aga9 take up ! tale ( ,topi>y4 ,l\don po9ts out t ! ,roman /yle ( g>d5+ 0 lo/ 9 ,engl& :5 ! ,romans ab&on$ ?is c\ntry at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 b he surmises t1 foll[+ ! revival ( g>d5+ 9 ,france by ,*>lemagne1 ,william ! ,conqu]or w\ld probably re-introduce x at ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,"s little progress 0 made 9 ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,i4 & ,h5ry ,,ii41 & x 0 ! =m] :o =m$ ! ,p>k at ,wood/ock 7#aabc71 probably ! fir/ ( :i* !re is any record4 ,9 accord ) ! prevail+ ta/e1 x conta9$ a labyr9?1 :i* appe>s to h *iefly con/itut$ ! ,b[] s intimately associat$ ) ! fate ( ,rosamund4 ,b dur+ ! twelf? c5tury !re 0 v little ( ei!r design or ta/e 9 ! arrangem5t ( g>d5s4 ,^! latt] 7 ( limit$ ext5t &1 because ( ! feudal broils t enliv5$ ! monotony ( exi/5ce1 !y 7 = ! mo/ "p atta*$ only to ! l>g] e/abli%m5ts1 & 9 !m 7 conf9$ )9 ! ,glacis1 or fir/ l9e ( def5ce1 :i* 0 a necessity ( ! times4 ,beyond ! inevitable moat1 or*>ds arose1 :]e9 ! horticulturally incl9$ among ! b>on's reta9]s c\ld indulge _! ta/e = ornam5tal g>d5+2 a ta/e :i* consi/$ !n1 accord+ to ,johnson1 & cont9u$ to a mu* lat] age1 89 hav+ plants cut into mon/r\s figures1 labyr9?s1 etc40 ,illu/ration3 ,,boats1 ,,pyramids ,,& ,,peacock ,s common a "p ( g>d5 design did labyr9?s & mazes become at ?is p]iod & dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury1 t we f9d sc>cely a plan among ! _m giv5 by ,de ,c]ceau 9 8 8,ar*itecture10 issu$ ab\t #abej1 9 :i* ei!r a r\nd or a squ>e "o does n appe>4 ,?is br+s u into ! ?irte5? c5tury1 an age :]e9 ! ta/e = ar*itecture & g>d5+ spread nor?w>ds & especially took a firm hold 9 ,holl&1 :]e !n1 & lat]1 ! weal?y m]*ant pr9ces lib]ally enc\rag$ almo/ all bran*es ( horticulture4 ,?us enc\rag$ ! flori/s ent]$ he>tily into ! bus9ess ( supply+ _! patrons1 &1 aid$ by a suitable climate & ! v>i\s inv5tions born ( necessity1 !y made ,holl& fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w = its comm]cial horticulture4 ,s c>eful1 h[ev]1 7 ! ,dut* ( e in* ( l&1 mu* ( x reclaim$1 t !y laid out _! g>d5s ) ma!matical precision & consequ5t primness1 c>ry+ ?is pr9ciple into ! v trees & plants !mselves4 ,x 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury t ,pi]re de ,cresc5t1 ( ,bologna1 wrote 8 "w on ,agriculture1 :]e9 he describes ! k9ds ( pleasure g>d5s suitable = v>i\s classes ( ! community1 & a sugge/ion ( =mality ( design & ! use ( ,topi>y is made 9 8 obs]vation t a royal g>d5 %\ld conta9 a m5ag]ie1 & also an avi>y plac$ among ?ickets1 arbors & v9es4 ,,gold5 ,,age ,,( ,,topi>y 8,i confess t ,i %\ld nev] c>e to adorn my g>d5 ) topi>y or ) c>pet b$d+2 b ,i hope always to be cauti\s 9 mak+ decl>ations 9 respect ( su* matt]s1 t ,i may n appe> to despise ano!r man's pleasures1 or va9ly desire to set up a /&>d ( my own 9 opposition to ! delightful v>iety t is ensur$ by ! free ex]cise ( individual ta/e & fancy40--,%irley ,hibb]d4 8,:ile p]haps n admir+ ^! birds & bea/s1 we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 9 a measure agree ) ,l\don1 t _m old-fa%ion$ g>d5s h suff]$ 9 los+ ! qua9t =ms ( cropp$ yews1 :i* add$ a c]ta9 *>m to !m40--,john ,l[e1 ,m4,d41 9 8,yew ,trees ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&40 ,! dawn ( ! sixte5? c5tury saw ! comm5cem5t ( :at may be call$ ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,topi>y4 ,x 0 also ! beg9n+ ( an age ( romance1 ( /irr+ de$s1 ( great discov]ies2 an age :5 m5 ( g5ius 7 num]\s1 :5 hi/ory 0 be+ rapidly made1 & :5 ! art ( g>d5+ began to fl\ri% freely4 ,?\gh ! times 7 /irr+ ones & !re 0 n always 8peace )9 our bord]s10 comm]ce grew & weal? increas$1 s t g>d5+ became m & m popul> & /eadily grew m & m elaborate 9 design4 ,to ! exi/+ /yle 7 add$ ! extravagances ( ! ,fr5* & ! =malities ( ! ,dut* s*ools1 b ^! ?+s did n all come to pass at once4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h>l+ton ,,yew 7,z clipp$ #agbi-agij7 ,x is mo/ probable t ! ,old & ,=mal ,engli% ,g>d5s z we "k or imag9e !m1 7 ! developm5t ( at lea/ two hundr$ ye>s1 & probably ! type _h n be5 rea*$ until ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 not)/&+ su* g>d5s are frequ5tly allud$ to z ,elizabe?an4 ,?is idea seems ! m reasonable aft] a p]usal ( ,)+ton's 8,elizabe?an ,engl&10 = ?\gh ! ,editor gives u ,h>rison's description ( ,g>d5s & ,or*>ds1 ,woods & ,m>%es1 ,p>ks & ,w>r5s1 !re is nev] a ^w t c be con/ru$ into a ref]5ce to ,topi>y1 n ev5 9 8 acc\nt ( 8! palaces belong+ to ! pr9ce40 ,nev]!less1 qua9t g>d5s 7 =m$ be=e ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 ,%akespe>e1 ,drake1 ,raleigh1 & ,g]>d4 ,a curi\s conceit 9 ^! old-"t g>d5s 0 ! =mation ( a m\nd 9 ! pleasure gr\nds1 :]e none previ\sly exi/$1 & ?is seems to h be5 q ! correct ?+ 9 ! way ( g>d5 design ev5 z late z ,evelyn's day1 = we le>n t he arrang$ = a 8m\nta9e0 9 ! family g>d5s at ,wotton1 9 ,surry4 ,lel&1 9 8 8,it9]>y0 7#aedj71 ref]s to ?is feature 9 g>d5 design 9 connection ) ! g>d5 at ,wrexhill ,ca/le1 ne> ,h[d51 9 ,york%ire4 ,he says3 8,! ,g>d5s )9 ! mote1 & ! ,or*>ds )\t 7 exce$+ fair4 ,& yn ! ,or*>des 7 m\nts1 op]e topiorii1 wri!n ab\t ) degrees l ! turn+s 9 cokil %elles1 to come to ! top )\t payn40 ,t ,topi>y _h already a consid]able hold ^u ! g>d5-lov+ public at ?is e>ly date _c be d\bt$4 ,v few ( ^! anci5t g>d5s rema9 unalt]$ at ! pres5t "t1 b 9 t mo/ int]e/+ book1 8,a hi/ory ( ,g>d5+ 9 ,engl&10 ! ,hon4 ,alicia ,amh]/ gives ! plans ( ,sir ,h5ry ,dryd5's g>d5s at ,canons ,a%by1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 :i* %[ t clipp$ yews are prom95t features1 z two r[s ( f\r trees ea* l9e "o ( ! approa*es1 & ^! trees h a diamet] ( ab\t t5 feet4 ,! au?or /ates t ?is g>d51 orig9ally made 9 #aeej1 0 alt]$ 9 #agjh1 8& has defi$ ! *anges ( fa%ion = ne>ly two c5turies40 ,g]>d 7#aede-afjg71 ! fam\s old ,h]bali/ :o 0 g>d5] to ,"l ,burghley 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 does n enlight5 u z to ! use ( clipp$ trees1 b ,p>k9son1 ano!r & equally fam\s ,h]bali/1 :o 0 born 9 #aefg & di$ ab\t #afdj1 does give u a little in=mation on ! subject4 ,p>k9son 0 ,apo!c>y to ,james ,i41 & ,*>les ,,ii4 made him ,botanicus ,regius ,prim>ius2 he !re=e _h ! advantage ( exceptional opportunities = /udy+ ! plants ( 8 "t & _! uses4 ,inde$ "s ( ! qua9te/ ?+s ev] pr9t$ are ! acc\nts ( ! 8,virtues0 ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! plants describ$ by ,p>k9son & by ,g]>d4 ,po9t+ out t ! yew 0 l>gely us$ bo? = 8%ad[ & an ornam5t10 ,p>k9son seems to regret t ! privet _h n receiv$ prop] att5tion at ! h&s ( ,topi>i/s simply because ( its widespread use z a h$ge plant1 & he advocates its fur!r employm5t by rem>k+ t 8to make h$ges or arb\rs 9 g>d5s 444 x is s apt t no o!r c be l unto x1 to be cut1 lead1 & drawn into :at =me "o w1 ei!r ( bea/s1 birds1 or m5 arm$ or o!rwise40 ,because ( its comp>atively sl[ rate ( gr[? ! yew has be5 ! subject usually employ$ by topi>i/s1 :ile box is a good second 9 po9t ( popul>ity4 ,bo? ^! trees or %rubs h ! additional m]it ( longevity4 ,wordswor? po9ts out bo? ! sl[ gr[? & longevity ( ! yew 9 8 l9es3-- 8,!re is a yew-tree1 pride ( ,lorton ,vale1 ,:i* to ?is day /&s s+le1 9 ! mid/ ,( its own d>kness1 z x /ood ( yore1 ,n lo? to furni% weapons = ! b&s ,( ,umfraville or ,p]cy ere !y m>*$ ,to ,scotl&'s hea?s2 or ^? t cross$ ! sea ,& drew _! s\nd+ b[s at ,az9c\r1 ,p]haps at e>li] ,crecy1 or ,poicti]s4 ,( va/ circumf]5ce & gloom pr(\nd ,?is solit>y tree6--a liv+ ?+ ,produc$ too sl[ly ev] to decay2 ,( =m & aspect too magnific5t ,to be de/roy$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,peacocks1 ,,tables1 ,,spirals ,,& ,,boats ,,9 ,,yew ,,& ,,box ,,at ,j4 ,,*eal ,,& ,,sons1 ,,crawley ,hesl+ton1 ne> ,york1 /ill boa/s an anci5t ,topi>y g>d51 :]e all ! clipp$ trees are ( yew4 ,?is1 z well z ! clipp$ h$ges ( ,rock+ham1 & ! h$ges & clipp$ trees at ,erbi/ock1 date1 accord+ to ! ,hon4 ,alicia ,amh]/1 f ab\t #aefj4 ,o!r trees & %rubs 7 also us$ by ! tonsile arti/s1 & ev5 ,rosem>y 0 n omitt$4 ,b>naby ,googe 7ab\t #aegh7 obs]v$ t ! wom5 folk plant$ x & trimm$ x into %apes 8z 9 ! fa%ion ( a c>t1 a peacock1 or su* ?+s z !y fancy40 ,william ,h>rison1 ,rector ( ,radw9t]1 & ,canon ( ,w9dsor1 :o wrote 8,a ,description ( ,engl&0 conta9$ 9 8,hol9%$'s ,*ronicles10 has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,he 0 a mo/ obs]vant man & "o :o 9 8 own picturesque language 8_h an especiall eye unto ! tru? ( ?+s02 f #aehf to #aeic he 0 ,canon ( ,w9dsor1 & !re=e any?+ he has to say ab\t g>d5s is ( unusual int]e/4 ,8 ke5 patriotism %9es brightly ?r\gh all 8 writ+s1 & 8 high op9ion ( 8 own l& is n 9 any way r$uc$ :5 he comes to disc\rse ^u g>d5s1 = he writes3 8,i am p]suad$ t1 albeit ! g>d5s ( ! ,hesp]ides 7 9 times pa/ s greatly acc\nt$ (1 because ( _! delicacy1 yet1 if x 7 possible to h su* an equal judge z by c]ta9 k ( bo? 7 able to pron\nce ^u !m1 ,i d\bt n b he w\ld give ! prize unto ! g>d5s ( our days1 & g5]ally ov] all ,europe1 9 comp>ison ( ^? times :]e9 ! old exce$$40 ,e>ly 9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 h[ev]1 we come ^u "s m positive evid5ce ( ! use ( ,topi>y "w4 ,lawson1 9 #afah1 %[s m cle>ly t ,topi>y _h become an important bran* ( ! art ( g>d5+1 & t ! designs c>ri$ out by "s ( ! arti/s 71 to say ! lea/ ( x1 rem>kable4 ,z indicative ( ! progress already made1 he /ates3 8,y\r g>d5] c frame y\r less] wood to ! %ape ( m5 arm$ 9 ! field1 ready to give battell3 or swift-runn+ ,grey ,h\nds to *ase ! ,de]e1 or hunt ! ,h>e4 ,?is k9d ( hunt+ %all n wa/e y\r corne1 nor mu* y\r coyne40 ,9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 7#affi-afhe71 g>d5 design & g>d5 ornam5tation rea*$ a degree ( extravagance n previ\sly attempt$ & n subsequ5tly repeat$4 ,?is 0 ! "t :5 ,le ,notre rose to be ! mo/ fam\s g>d5] 9 ,europe1 a "t :5 ,l\is ,,xi4 0 ,k+ ( ,france 7#afdc-agae74 ,dur+ ?is p]iod !re 0 a great /riv+ aft] effect on ! "p ( all possess$ ( ample means1 :ile bo? ari/ocrat & plebeian desir$ & lov$ to be dazzl$ by brilliance or en*ant$ by ! novel & s+ul>4 ,f ,johnson we le>n t dur+ a resid5ce at ! c\rt ( ,france1 ,*>les ,,ii4 became enam\r$ ( ! ,fr5* /yle ( ornam5tal g>d5+ introduc$ by ,le ,notre4 ,?is /yle diff]$ *iefly f t already 9 vogue 9 its magnific5ce2 ev]y?+ 0 c>ri$ out m elaborately & reg>dless ( exp5se4 8,! alleys 7 l5g!n$1 b /ill !re 7 alleys1 jets d'eau1 mazes1 p>t]res & /atues1 clipt trees & ma!matically =m$ bord]s z ( yore40 ,x is said t ! extravagance 9 g>d5 ornam5tation at ,v]sailles 0 design$ & c>ri$ into effect by ,le ,notre at a co/ ( two hundr$ million francs1 or ov] #h1bej1jjj4 ,! great features 7 huge m>ble-edg$ wat]-bas9s1 elaborate f\nta9s1 an abundance ( masonry = ! t]races1 & clipp$ yew & box1 mak+ a sum total describ$ at a mu* lat] date by ,mr ,wm4 ,rob9son1 9 8 8,p>ks & ,g>d5s ( ,p>is0 z 8! deadly =malism ( ,v]sailles40 ,illu/ration3 ,,bee* ,,h$ge ,,& ,,b[l+-,,gre5 ,,at ,,lev5s ,*>les ,,ii4 enc\rag$ elaborate g>d5 design1 &1 ) x1 ,topi>y2 x 0 "u 8 ord]s t ,le ,notre himself laid out ! semi-circul> g>d5 at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,gibson1 :o made a t\r ( ,london g>d5s 9 ! reign ( ! 8,m]ry ,mon>*10 %[s by 8 writ+s t ! *ief features ( ^! e/abli%m5ts 7 ! t]race walks1 ev]gre5 h$ges1 8%orn %rubs 9 boxes10 & orange & myrtle trees4 ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! g>d5s ( ,bilton & ,*ilham 7 design$1 ) an accompanim5t ( clipp$ trees1 :ile lat] 9 ! c5tury ,sir ,william ,temple1 :o negotiat$ ! triple alliance betwe5 ,engl&1 ,sw$51 & ! ,ne!rl&s1 laid out a ,dut* g>d5 at ,moor ,p>k4 ,he _h a l>ge affection = ! ,dut* /yle ( g>d5+1 b 0 nev]!less quick to see t big =mal g>d5s & _! elaborate designs & masonry co/ m to ma9ta9 9 prim ord] ?an _m :o possess$ !m c\ld well af=d4 ,x 0 also ab\t ?is "t t ! n[ fam\s ,topi>y g>d5 at ,lev5s ,hall1 9 ,we/morel&1 0 laid out by ,beaumont1 "o ( ,le ,notre's disciples4 ,accord+ to ! inscription "u 8 portrait at ,lev5s ,hall1 ,beaumont 0 8,g>d5] to ,james ,,ii4 & ,colonel ,james ,grahme4 ,he laid out ! g>d5s at ,hampton ,c\rt & at ,lev5s40 ,x 0 probably 9 "s alt]ation ( ! ,hampton ,c\rt g>d5s t ,beaumont took "p4 ,topi>y g>d5+ rea*$ its height dur+ ! reign ( ,william & ,m>y 7#afhi-agjb74 ,william ,,iii41 ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 br\ght ) him a ta/e = clipp$ yews1 & also = elaborately design$ iron gates & rail+s4 ,he acc5tuat$ ! prevail+ ta/e4 ,turn+ aga9 to ,johnson1 we f9d g>d5 design 80 n[ r5d]$ /ill m oppos$ to nature by ! heavy additions ( cr[d$ h$ges ( ,box1 ,yew1 etc41 :i*1 h[ev]1 by r5d]+ ! /yle /ill m ridicul\s1 p]haps ha/5$ ! introduction ( a m natural ta/e :i* bur/ =? lat]40 ,"s fur!r idea ( ! preval5ce ( clipp$ trees is obta9$ f ,celia ,fi5nes1 :o1 9 h] *ronicles ( a j\rney 8,?r\gh ,engl& on a ,side ,saddle 9 ! "t ( ,william & ,m>y10 makes frequ5t ref]5ce to alleys ( clipp$ trees & to yew & cypress cut into 8sev]all =ms40 ,william ,,iii4 comm5c$ ! ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s1 & to alt] a disfigur+ gravel pit he employ$ ! s]vices ( ^? fam\s ,brompton nurs]ym51 ,london & ,wise4 ,9 our "t su* a spot w\ld 9 all probability be conv]t$ into a dell1 ) wat] & rock g>d5s1 b ,london & ,wise erect$ a mimic =tification1 mak+ ! ba/ions & c\nt]sc>ps ( clipp$ yew & v>iegat$ holly4 ,t ?is production 0 8long an object ( wond]0 c be easily und]/ood1 ?\gh :e!r x 0 "o = 8admiration0 is op5 to "q1 not)/&+ t x _h _m admir]s & 0 kn[n z ! 8,siege ( ,troy40 ,vegetable sculpture seems n[ to h rea*$ its limit ( popul>ity & design4 ,hazlitt1 9 8 8,glean+s 9 old ,g>d5 ,lit]ature10 hits (f ! situation admirably :5 he writes3 8,b x 0 to ! ,holl&]s t ,london & 8 p>tn] 7 indebt$ = t prepo/]\s plan ( de=m+ ,nature by mak+ h] /atuesque1 & r$uc+ h] irregul> & luxuriant l9es to a dead & prosaic level ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! %e>s4 ,gods1 animals1 & o!r objects 7 no long] c>v$ out ( /one2 b ! trees1 %rubs & h$ges 7 made to d d\ble s]vice z a body ( v]dure & a sculpture gall]y40 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,view ,,( ,,"l ,,hamilton',s ,,gr\nds ,,ne> ,,! ,,?ames ,evelyn1 ! celebrat$ di>i/1 :o liv$ ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & j ov] five ye>s ( ! eighte5?1 /rongly c5sur$ ! preval5t me?od ( clipp+ fruit trees into regul> =m1 z well he might1 b he claim$ to be ! fir/ to br+ ! yew into fa%ion = h$ges1 decl>+ x to be 8z well = a def5ce z = a succ$aneum to cypress1 :e!r 9 h$ges or pyramids1 conic spires1 b[ls or :at o!r %apes40 ,& fur!r he adds1 8,i d aga9 "n ! yew1 = h$ges1 pref]ably = beauty & a /iff def5ce1 to any plant ,i h ev] se540 ,evelyn's resid5ce f #afeb to #afid 0 ,sayes ,c\rt1 ,dept=d1 a home made fam\s to /ud5ts ( hi/ory because ( its occupation by ,pet] ! ,great1 ( ,russia1 9 #afih1 to :om x 0 sub-let by ,admiral ,b5b[4 ,pet] ! ,great did n take ! same c>e ( ! g>d5 z ,evelyn _h tak51 & 8 de/ruction1 9 "p at lea/1 ( a fam\s holly h$ge1 caus$ ! own] to reg>d ! ,russian ,cz> z a 8"r na/y t5ant40 ,an old writ] in=ms u1 ) ref]5ce to ,sayes ,c\rt1 t ,evelyn _h 8a pleasant villa at ,dept=d1 a f9e g>d5 = walks & h$ges1 & a pretty little gre5h\se ) an indiff]5t /ock 9 x4 ,he has f\r l>ge r\nd phil>eas1 smoo? clipp$1 rais$ on a s+le /alk f ! gr\nd1 a fa%ion n[ mu* us$4 ,"p ( 8 g>d5 is v woody & %ady = walk+2 b n be+ wall$1 he has little ( ! be/ fruits40 ,! beg9n+ ( ! end 0 n n[ f> to seek4 ,"o ( our greate/ mod]n l&scape g>d5]s1 ,mr ,h4 ,e4 ,miln]1 has writt53 8,precise designs ( clipp$ box & yew are n out ( place1 if ! build+ has a "* t is consonant ) su* an accompanim5t40 ,n satisfi$ ) a few clipp$ trees 9 suitable positions1 or ) a "p ( ! g>d5 devot$ to examples ( ,topi>y1 own]s & g>d5]s alike1 9 ! times ,i h briefly review$1 seem$ to h lab\r$ to fill _! g>d5s ) illu/rations ( geometric figures1 9 box or yew2 ) ! qua9te/ patt]ns & weirde/ %apes1 c>icatur+ birds & bea/s1 & imitat+ ar*itecture & ?+s ( common use4 ,di/ort$ vegetation met ! eye ev]y:]e1 & !re 0 little ( ! natural & beautiful to relieve ! g5]al monotony4 ,x 0 ! excessive use ( ,topi>y t l$ to its own d[nfall & caus$ ,batty ,langley to ask1 8,is !re any?+ m %ock+ ?an a /iff1 regul> g>d580 ,,crusade ,,aga9/ ,,topi>y 8,! ,dut* ,g>d5 9 front ( ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace is unobjectionable1 because x is 9 "* ) t "p ( ! build+ & z a royal g>d5 x ought to rema9 z x is1 7 x only to s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! /yle ( g>d5+ 9 ! "t ( ,william & ,m>y40--,*>les ,m#8,into%4 ,:5ev] a fa%ion runs to extremes its end is n f> to seek4 ,on ! "o h&1 a fa%ion becomes too g5]al = ^? :o h a ta/e = novelty1 & especially = ^? :o c af=d at almo/ any co/ to h some?+ n available to ! g5]al public4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a fa%ion c>ri$ to excess becomes inconv5i5t & ridicul\s1 !re=e x at once becomes (f5sive to ^? :o are reg>d$ z hav+ good ta/e4 ,& s x came ab\t t :5 ,topi>y "w _h spread itself ov] all ! g>d5s ( ! "t & c\ld h>dly g fur!r ei!r 9 ext5t or design1 !re came ! inevitable reaction4 ,! same sort ( ?+ has happ5$ ev5 9 q mod]n times4 ,"o ne$ n be v old to h se5 ! fam\s tra9$ specim5 plants t us$ to grace ! highly successful exhibitions at ! ,royal ,botanic ,society's g>d5s1 at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 & else:]e4 ,yet ^! giants h pass$ away1 & 9 _! places we h l>g] /ocks ( small] & m easily gr[n subjects--9 o!r words1 ! fa%ion has *ang$4 8,b$d+-out0 rea*$ su* a height ( fa%ionable popul>ity t x ?reat5$ to exclude ! beautiful h>dy p]5nial fl[]s f _m a g>d52 x tax$ ! pati5ce & +5uity ( ! g>d5] & ! purse ( ! employ] almo/ to break+ po9t--x pass$ f reasonabl5ess to absurdity4 ,!n came a new ord] ( ?+s2 p]5nials h be5 br\ght back & improv$2 h>dy fl[]s are ! fa%ion4 ,:5 ,topi>y ?reat5$ to exclude all else f ! g>d5 !re arose sev]al apo/les ( fre$om1 & ^! conduct$ a crusade aga9/ ! art4 ,among ^? ^: writ+s are m or less reg>d$ 9 ^! days m5tion may be made ( ?ree--,bacon1 ,addison1 & ,pope4 ,! =m] e>ly rais$ a prote/1 = 9 ! times ( ,%akespe>e & ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :5 ,topi>y 0 ! prevail+ ta/e if n ! g5]al fa%ion1 he wrote1 8,i = my "p d n l images cut 9 junip] or o!r g>d5 /uff2 !y be = *ildr540 ,x 0 ,bacon also :o said3 8,z = ! mak+ ( knots or figures t !y may lie "u ! w9d[s ( ! h\se on t side :i* ! g>d5 /&s1 !y be b toys2 y may see z good sights _m times 9 t>ts40 ,b1 alas1 ,bacon 0 curi\sly inconsi/5t4 ,he w\ld away ) ,topi>y1 b he puts =w>d z ! be/ type ( a g>d5 "o t is squ>e1 enclos$ 9 an ar*$ h$ge1 8) a turret ov] e ar*1 & a cage ( birds 9 ea* turret1 & ov] e space betwe5 ! ar*es "s o!r little figure ) broad plates ( r\nd col\r$ glass1 gilt1 = ! sun to play on40 ,^? :o s aptly quote ,bacon :5 !y p\r out ! vials ( _! wra? ^u ,topi>y ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! public press1 may also be fur!r rem9d$ t ,bacon w\ld h 9 8 ideal g>d5 a f\nta9 8embelli%$ ) col\r$ glass & su* ?+s ( lu/re40 ,illu/ration3 ,,mun?am ,,c\rt1 ,,sussex ,b h[ev] mu* we may *uckle ov] ! inconsi/5cies ( ,bacon x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! age 9 :i* he liv$ 7#aefa-afbf7 0 rem>kable r = o/5tati\s display ?an = good ta/e1--z we c\nt good ta/e1--& consequ5tly 8 horticultural purview 0 limit$ & obscur$4 ,z ! poet ,mason puts x3-- 8,! age ( t\rney triumphs1 & qua9t masques1 ,gl>'d ) fanta/ic pageantry1 :i* dimm'd ,! sob] eye ( tru?1 & dazzl$ ev'n ,! sage himself2 witness ! high ar*'d h$ge1 ,9 pill>'d /ate by c>p5try upborne1 ,) col\r$ mirrors deck'd1 & prison'd birds40 ,bacon 0 9 _m ?+s f> 9 advance ( ! ,tudor times 9 :i* he liv$1 s f> inde$1 9 respect ( our pres5t subject1 t no out/&+ prote/ aga9/ ,topi>y appe>s to h be5 made by ^? :o endeav\r$ to promote s\nd public ta/e1 until ne>ly ano!r c5tury _h elaps$4 ,!n ! lit]>y g5ius ( ,addison 0 direct$ aga9/ ! evils & extravagances ( 8 age4 ,,addison ,,& ,,pope 8,addison1 ,?\ poli%$ sage1 or %all ,i call !e b>d1 ,i see !e come3 ar\nd ?y temples play ,! lamb5t flames ( hum\r1 bright'n+ mild ,?y judgm5t into smiles2 graci\s ?\ com'/ ,) ,satire at ?y side1 :o *ecks h] fr[n1 ,b n h] secret /+40--,mason4 8,) bold] rage ,pope next advances2 8 indignant arm ,waves ! poetic br& o'er ,timon's %ades1 ,& lights !m to de/ruction2 ! fi]ce blaze ,sweeps ?r\gh ea* k9dr$ vi/a1 groves to groves ,nod _! frat]nal f>ewell & expire40--,mason4 ,al?\gh ,addison & ,pope 7 contempor>ies x 0 ! =m] :o l$ ! crusade aga9/ =mal g>d5+ 9 g5]al & ! art ( ,topi>y 9 p>ticul>4 ,less satirical ?an 8 "o-"t fri5d1 ,addison nev]!less po9t$ out ) rem>kable cle>ness t ! g>d5s ( ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 n ne>ly s beautiful z !y might h be51 ow+ to ! excessive use ( clipp$ trees & ! extreme c>e :i* ! g>d5]s ( t "t took to secure ! utmo/ regul>ity 9 _! plant+ & uni=mity 9 design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yew ,,tree ,,) ,,bird ,addison 0 c\nt$ "o ( ! mo/ brilliant ( ! ,essayi/s ( 8 "t1 & among ! num]\s contributions made by him to ! ,spectator is a l5g?y "o 8,on ! ,pleasures ( ! ,imag9ation40 ,?is took ! =m ( elev5 ,pap]s1 or epi/les1 publi%$ 9 regul> ord] f ,june #ba1 to ,july #c1 #agab4 ,x is 9 ! f\r? pap] t he deals m p>ticul>ly ) g>d5s & !re9 he %[s t ! works ( nature are m pleasant to ! imag9ation ?an are ^? ( art1 & t ! works ( art are mo/ pleas+ ! m closely !y resemble ^? ( nature4 ,he does n op5ly d5\nce ,topi>y & o!r =mal g>d5+1 b ) subtle skill contra/s x ) a picture ( a m natural /yle1 & does s 9 a mann] t en=ces ! beauty ( ! latt] & indicates ! orig9 ( t ta/e 9 l&scape g>d5+ :i* _m a g>d5] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ?\ght 0 peculi>ly 8 own4 8,we h obs]v$10 says ,addison1 8t !re is g5]ally 9 nature some?+ m gr& & augu/ ?an :at we meet ) 9 ! curiosities ( art4 ,:51 !re=e1 we see ?is imitat$ 9 any measure1 x gives u a nobl] & m exalt$ k9d ( pleasure ?an :at we receive f ! nic] & m accurate productions ( art4 ,on ?is acc\nt our ,engli% g>d5s are n s ent]ta9+ to ! fancy z ^? 9 ,france & ,italy1 :]e we see a l>ge ext5t ( gr\nd cov]$ ov] ) an agreeable mixture ( g>d5 & =e/1 :i* repres5t ev]y:]e an artificial rud5ess1 mu* m *>m+ ?an t neatness & elegancy :i* we meet ) 9 ^? ( our own c\ntry4 ,x might inde$ be ( ill consequ5ce to ! public1 z well z unpr(itable to private p]sons1 to ali5ate s mu* gr\nd f pa/urage & ! pl\gh1 9 _m p>ts ( a c\ntry t is s well peopl$1 & cultivat$ to a f> great] advantage4 ,b :y may n a :ole e/ate be ?r[n into a k9d ( g>d5 by frequ5t plantations1 t may turn z mu* to ! pr(it z ! pleasure ( ! own]8 ,a m>% ov]gr[n ) will[s1 or a m\nta9 %ad$ ) oaks1 are n only m beautiful1 b m b5eficial1 ?an :5 !y lie b>e & unadorn$4 ,fields ( corn make a pleasant prospect2 & if ! walks 7 a little tak5 c>e ( t lie betwe5 !m1 if ! natural embroid]y ( ! mead[s 7 help$ & improv$ by "s small additions ( art & ! sev]al r[s ( edges set (f by trees & fl[]s t ! soil 0 capable ( receiv+1 a man might make a pretty l&scape ( 8 own possessions40 ,cont9u+1 ! ,essayi/ adds3 8,writ]s :o h giv5 u an acc\nt ( ,*9a tell u ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry laugh at ! plantations ( our ,europeans1 :i* are laid out by ! rule & l9e2 because !y say1 anyone may place trees 9 equal r[s & uni=m figures4 ,!y *oose r to %[ a g5ius 9 works ( ?is nature1 & !re=e always conceal ! art by :i* !y direct !mselves4 ,!y h a ^w1 x seems1 9 _! language1 by :i* !y express ! p>ticul> beauty ( a plantation t ?us /rikes ! imag9ation at fir/ sight1 )\t discov]+ :at x is t has s agreeable an effect4 ,our ,briti% g>d5]s1 on ! contr>y1 in/ead ( hum\r+ nature1 love to deviate f x z mu* z possible4 ,our trees rise 9 cones1 globes1 & pyramids4 ,we see ! m>ks ( ! scissors ^u e plant & bu%4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i am s+ul> 9 my op9ion1 b = my own "p1 ,i w\ld r look ^u a tree 9 all its luxuriancy & diffusion ( b\ghs & bran*es1 ?an :5 x is ?us cut & trimm$ into a ma!matical figure2 & _c b fancy t an or*>d 9 fl[] looks inf9itely m delightful ?an all ! little labyr9?s ( ! mo/ f9i%$ p>t]re4 ,b1 z our great modell]s ( g>d5s h _! magaz9es ( plants to dispose (1 x is v natural = !m to te> up all ! beautiful plantations ( fruit trees1 & contrive a plan t may mo/ turn to _! own pr(it1 9 tak+ (f _! ev]gre5s1 & ! l movable plants1 ) :i* _! %ops are pl5tifully /ock$40 ,x w be p]fectly obvi\s t :5 ,addison f\nd x necess>y to draw comp>isons betwe5 a free & natural /yle ( g>d5+1 & ! artificial me?ods c>ri$ out ) ma!matical precision 9 8 "t1 to ! di/9ct advantage ( ! =m] sy/em1 t geometric g>d5+1 c\pl$ ) ! excessive use ( ,topi>y "w1 _h made ,engli% g>d5s dreadfully monoton\s4 ,essays 7 fa%ionable 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 &1 rememb]+ t _! publication 0 ext5d$ ov] a consid]able p]iod1 x mu/ be presum$ t !y 7 freely read & discuss$1 & ?us ex]t$ a v consid]able influ5ce ^u public op9ion1 j z a well ?\ght out & c>efully writt5 lead+ article does 9 our own "t4 ,we may take x1 !n1 t ! g>d5]s ( 8 "t 7 consid]ably impress$ by ,addison's quiet d5unciation ( ! exi/+ /yle1 & no d\bt a revolution _h already comm5c$ 9 ! m9ds1 if n 9 ! g>d5s1 ( ! weal?y1 :51 a little m ?an a ye> lat]1 ,pope publi%$ 9 ! ,gu>dian 7,tuesday1 ,septemb] #bi1 #agac71 8 fam\s essay on 8,v]dant ,sculpture40 ,n s subtle 9 8 irony nor s engag+ 9 8 lit]>y /yle z ,addison1 ,pope 0 h[ev] ! m =cibly satirical1 malici\sly spiteful1 & elfi%ly humor\s4 ,8 ke5 wit seiz$ ^u ! prop] psy*ological mom5t = foll[+ up ,addison's comp>atively mild exposure ) an attack t did z mu* z1 or m ?an1 any?+ else to br+ ab\t t rapid decl9e ( ,topi>ian art t quickly foll[$4 ,pope _h evid5tly ! g5ius ( a great soldi]1 :o deliv]s 8 fi]ce/ attack :5 ! enemy is wav]+4 ,z ,pope's essay is n by any means well kn[n1 nei!r is x especially easy ( access1 ,i ne$ n apologise = quot+ freely f x4 ,pope1 h[ev]1 believ$ ) ,dryd5 t satire 0-- 8,! bolde/ way1 if n ! be/1 ,to tell m5 freely ( _! f\le/ faults1 ,to laugh at _! va9 de$s & va9] ?\ghts10 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 essay he all[$ 8 s>ca/ic mock]y to f9d expression "h & !re 9 a mann] common en\gh 9 8 "t b :i* w\ld be likely to (f5d ! e>s ( mod]n polite folk1 consequ5tly ,i h 9 a few in/ances =e/all$ ! editorial blue-p5cil4 8,i lately10 writes ,pope1 8took a p>ticul> fri5d ( m9e to my h\se 9 ! c\ntry1 n )\t "s appreh5sion t x c\ld af=d little ent]ta9m5t to a man ( 8 polite ta/e1 p>ticul>ly 9 ar*itecture & g>d5+1 :o _h s long be5 conv]sant ) all t is beautiful & great 9 ei!r4 ,b x 0 a pleasant surprise to me1 to he> him (t5 decl>e1 he _h f\nd 9 my little retirem5t t beauty :i* he always ?\ght want+ 9 mo/ ( ! celebrat$ seats1 or1 if y w1 villas1 ( ! nation4 ,?is he describ$ to me 9 ^? v]ses1 ) :i* ,m>tial beg9s "o ( 8 epigrams3 8#8,our fri5d ,fau/9us' c\ntry seat ,i've se53 ,no myrtles1 plac$ 9 r[s1 & idly gre51 ,no wid['d planta91 nor clipp'd box-tree1 !re ,! useless soil unpr(itably %>e2 ,b simple nature's h&1 ) nobl] grace1 ,diffuses artless beauties o'er ! place4' 8,!re is c]ta9ly some?+ 9 ! amiable simplicity ( unadorn$ nature1 t spreads ov] ! m9d a m noble sort ( tranquillity1 & a l(ti] s5sation ( pleasure1 ?an c be rais$ f ! nic] sc5es ( art40 ,aft] a ref]5ce to ,hom]'s acc\nt ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,alc9\s1 & ,sir ,william ,temple's rem>ks ^u x1 ,pope proce$s3 8,h[ contr>y to ?is simplicity is ! mod]n practice ( g>d5+6 ,we seem to make x our /udy to rec$e f ,nature1 n only 9 ! v>i\s tonsure ( gre5s into ! mo/ regul> & =mal %apes1 b ev5 9 mon/r\s attempts beyond ! rea* ( ! art itself4 ,we run into sculpture1 & are yet bett] pleas$ to h our trees 9 ! mo/ awkw>d figures ( m5 & animals1 ?an 9 ! mo/ regul> ( _! own4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cr[n ,,g>d51 ,,mun?am ,,c\rt1 ,,sussex 8#8,"h int]wov5 bran*es =m a wall1 ,& f ! liv+ f5ce gre5 turrets rise2 ,!re %ips ( myrtle sail 9 seas ( box2 ,a gre5 encampm5t yond] meets ! eye1 ,& load$ citrons be>+ %ields & spe>s4' 8,i believe x is no wrong obs]vation1 t p]sons ( g5ius1 & ^? :o are mo/ capable ( ,art1 are always mo/ fond ( ,nature3 z su* are *iefly s5sible1 t all art consi/s 9 ! imitation & /udy ( nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 p ( ! common level ( und]/&+ are pr9cipally delight$ ) ! little niceties & fanta/ical op]ations ( ,art1 & con/antly ?9k t f9e/ :i* is ! lea/ natural4 ,a citiz5 is no soon] proprietor ( a c\ple ( yews1 b he ent]ta9s ?\ghts ( erect+ !m into giants1 l ^? ( ! ,guildhall4 ,i "k an em95t cook1 :o beautifi$ 8 c\ntry seat ) a coronation d9n] 9 gre5s2 :]e y see ! *ampion fl\ri%+ on horseback at "o end ( ! table1 & ! que5 9 p]petual y\? at ! o!r40 8,= ! b5efit ( all my lov+ c\ntrym5 ( ?is curi\s ta/e1 ,i %all "h publi% a catalogue ( gre5s to be dispos$ ( by an em95t t[n g>d5]1 :o has lately appli$ to me ^u ?is head4 ,he repres5ts1 t = ! advancem5t ( a polite sort ( ornam5t 9 ! villas & g>d5s adjac5t to ?is great city1 & 9 ord] to di/+ui% ^? places f ! m]e b>b>\s c\ntries ( gross ,nature1 ! _w /&s mu* 9 ne$ ( a virtuoso g>d5] :o has a turn to sculpture1 & is !reby capable ( improv+ ^u ! anci5ts ( 8 pr(ession 9 ! imag]y ( ev]gre5s4 ,my correspond5t is arriv$ to su* p]fection1 t he cuts family-pieces ( m51 wom51 or *ildr54 ,any ladies t please may h _! own effigies 9 myrtle1 or _! husb&'s 9 horn-beam4 ,he is a puritan wag1 & nev] fails :5 he %[s 8 g>d51 to repeat t passage 9 ! ,psalms1 8,?y wife %all be z a fruitful v9e1 & ?y *ildr5 z olive-bran*es r\nd ?y table40 ,i %all proce$ to 8 catalogue1 z he s5t x = my recomm5dation4 8,adam & ,eve 9 yew2 ,adam a little %att]$ by ! fall ( ! tree ( k 9 ! great /orm3 ,eve & ! s]p5t v fl\ri%+40 8,! t[] ( ,babel1 n yet f9i%$40 8,/ ,george 9 box2 8 arm sc>ce long en\gh1 b w be 9 condition to /ick ! dragon by next ,april40 8,a gre5 dragon ( ! same1 ) a tail ( gr\nd-ivy = ! pres5t4 ,n4,b4 ,^! two n to be sold sep>ately40 8,edw>d ! ,black ,pr9ce 9 cypress40 8,a laure/9e be> 9 blossom1 ) a junip] hunt] 9 b]ries40 8,a pair ( giants1 /unt$1 to be sold *eap40 8,a ,que5 ,elizabe? 9 phylyrea1 a little incl9+ to ! gre5 sickness1 b ( full gr[?40 8,a topp+ ,b5 ,jonson 9 laurel40 8,div]s em95t mod]n poets 9 bays1 some:at blight$1 to be dispos$ (1 a p5nywor?40 8,a quickset hog1 %ot up into a porcup9e1 by its be+ =got a week 9 ra9y wea!r40 8,a lav5d] pig1 ) sage gr[+ 9 8 belly40 8,noah's ark 9 holly1 /&+ on ! m\nt2 ! ribs a little damag$ = want ( wat]40 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,elizabe?',s ,,cr[n ,,& ,,jug1 ,,elva/on ,,ca/le ,su* 0 ! crusade aga9/ ,topi>y2 9 its tra9 came swift de/ruction4 ,bridgeman & ,k5t 7 ! l&scape g>d5]s :o1 influ5c$ by ! writ+s ( _! "t & desir\s ( in/itut+ a new ord] ( ?+s1 br\ght ab\t ! great *ange 9 g>d5 design4 ,!y n only cle>$ away ! sculptur$ trees b de/roy$ spl5did1 close h$ges z well1 ?r[+ op5 to all eyes1 & to all ! w9ds1 g>d5s t _h hi!rto be5 delightfully enclos$ & seclud$4 ,( ,bridgeman !re is v little in=mation =?com+1 b ,l\don tells u 8,he bani%$ v]dant sculpture & introduc$ morsels ( a =e/ appe>ance 9 ! g>d5s at ,ri*mond40 ,k5t 0 a v]satile ,york%ireman1 :o 0 successively pa9t]1 ar*itect & l&scape g>d5]2 ,cl>emont1 ,e%]1 laid out ab\t #agbe-agce1 0 "o ( 8 designs4 ,he 0 ! fri5d ( ,"l ,burl+ton &1 ev5 m ?an ,bridgeman1 he c>ri$ into effect ! ideas ( ,pope4 ,! great successor to ,k5t 0 ,br[n1 :o 0 head g>d5] at ,/[e till #agej1 & subsequ5tly1 aft] be+ employ$ by ! ,duke ( ,grafton1 he 0 head g>d5] at ,hampton ,c\rt & ,w9dsor4 ,at ?is "t he became v mu* 9 reque/ z a l&scape g>d5]1 & s cont9u$ well on t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,8 sympa?y ) ,topi>y may be ga!r$ f ! rem>k made by ,sir ,wm4 ,*amb]s 9 #aggb1 t 8unless ! mania 7 n *eck$1 9 a few ye>s long] !re w\ld n be f\nd ?ree trees 9 a l9e f ,l&'s ,end to ! ,twe$40 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t fifty ye>s1 f #agdj to #agij1 ! g>d5s ( ,engl&1 ) a few exceptions1 7 completely alt]$1 & ! /yle t _h be5 9 vogue = full "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s 0 almo/ :olly oblit]at$4 ,lat] design]s add$ _m improvem5ts1 & a m graceful /yle succe$$ t ( ,k5t & ,br[n1 b ,topi>y z a "p ( g>d5 design 0 practically non-exi/5t = ab\t a hundr$ ye>s4 ,!n comm5c$ ! mod]n revival ( ! ,art4 ,,revival ,,( ,,! ,,art 8,!re is a t5d5cy to re/ore "s ( ! scre5s :i* =m$ s *>act]i/ic a feature ( ! ,dut* /yle1 ) a view to obta9 a great] degree ( privacy1 & m %elt] = bo? visitors & plants4 ,) ?is re/oration ( %elt]+ h$ges & v]dant belts has evid5tly come a desire = examples ( ,topi>y art1 & already !re are sev]al mod]n g>d5s :]e !y are to be f\nd firmly e/abli%$40--,george ,gordon1 ,v4,m4,h4 8,topi>y ,"w fell into disrepute 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ow+ to ! p]si/5ce ) :i* ! m natural /yles ( g>d5+ came to ! front1 b ev5 n[ ?is phase ( #8g>d5+' ex]cises a consid]able fasc9ation ^u a l>ge section ( ! public2 witness ! int]e/ excit$ ( late ye>s by ! exhibits ( trimm$ trees :i* h appe>$ at ! ,london %[s40--,walt] ,p4 ,wright4 ,not)/&+ ! wond]ful alt]ation & improvem5t t h tak5 place 9 ,briti% g>d5s s9ce ,k5t began to make a cle>ance ( ,topi>y "w1 sev]al notable collections surviv$ ! g5]al slaught] & ^! are to-day among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! v>i$ =ms ( g>d5+ se5 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! g>d5s at ,lev5s ,hall & at ,elva/on ,ca/le may be especially p>ticul>is$ 9 ?is connection1 b = ! mom5t we w deal ) ! revival r ?an ! survival ( ! art4 ,dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s ! practice ( includ+ at lea/ a few specim5s ( clipp$ trees 9 any new g>d5 ( pret5sions has be5 /eadily gr[+1 & )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s sev]al ,topi>y g>d5s ( consid]able ext5t h be5 laid out & plant$4 ,^! are *iefly 9 ! l>ge e/abli%m5ts ( ! weal?y patrons ( horticulture1 & !y are s situat$ t !y are 9 h>mony ) =mal surr\nd+s1 or dispos$ :]e !y =m a di/9ct item ( horticultural int]e/ & d n 9 any way m> ! m natural beauties ( adjac5t subjects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5s1 ,,ducks1 ,,peacocks1 ,,etc41 ,,9 ,,box ,,& ,,yew ,,at ,j4 ,,*eal ,,& ,,sons1 ,,crawley ,precisely :y !re has be5 a revival ( ?is old art ,i am n prep>$ to say4 ,x mu/ suffice t !re is su* a revival1 & a v di/9ct "o1 z any "o :o visits g>d5s & exhibitions & nurs]ies frequ5tly w readily discov]4 ,at ! lead+ ,london & prov9cial exhibitions two old e/abli%$ firms ( nurs]ym5 h frequ5tly & ext5sively exhibit$ examples ( ,topi>y2 ^! are ,messrs ,wm4 ,cutbu% ,son1 ,highgate1 ,n41 & ,messrs ,j4 ,*eal ,sons1 ,crawley1 ,sussex2 & x may be safely ass]t$ t if !re 7 no ta/e or dem& = clipp$ trees ! respective proprietors w\ld n incur ! necess>ily heavy exp5se ( display+ ?is p>ticul> l9e ( goods4 ,9 ! revival ( ,topi>y 9 ,engl& no s+le p]son has tak5 a deep] int]e/ ?an ,mr ,h]b]t ,j4 ,cutbu%1 & ?\gh 8 int]e/ is confess$ly a bus9ess "o x is none ! less wor?y ( m5tion4 ,= _m ye>s ,mr ,h4 ,j4 ,cutbu% has frequ5tly visit$ ,holl& & he has travell$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ! little c\ntry until he kn[s x1 horticulturally1 f> bett] ?an ev5 _m em95t ,dut* nurs]ym5 d4 ,he discov]$ t "s ( ! be/ tra9$ & be/ furni%$ specim5s ( sculptur$ yew & box 7 to be f\nd 9 ! f>mh\se g>d5s1 9 small1 almo/ unkn[n villages1 f> f ! usual r\tes ( t\ri/s & bus9ess-m51 & ?is l$ to /ill fur!r explorations4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ! revival ,mr ,h4 ,j4 ,cutbu% cross$ ov] to ,holl& ne>ly e week end mak+ himself acqua9t$ ) ! f>m]s1 & ) ! few gr[]s :o regul>ly suppli$ ! ,dut* nurs]y trade4 ,he got to "k :]e examples 7 be+ /eadily develop$1 secur+ options on ^! & pur*as+ all t 7 well advanc$4 ,z already h9t$1 ! ,dut* 8,boomkmeck]s10 or nurs]ym5 :o cultivate clipp$ trees z a special bus9ess1 are by no means a num]\s class1 !y *iefly reside 9 ! ,boskoop di/rict4 ,*ur*es ( box & peacocks ( yew are n import$ )\t ! exp5diture ( a good deal ( "t & money1 & obvi\sly !re is "s risk 9 remov+ l>ge examples4 ,"o big tree t = sixty ye>s _h be5 ! *ief ornam5t ( a ,dut* blacksmi?'s g>d5 0 only pur*as$ aft] a :ole day sp5t 9 p]suasion & ! consumption ( mu* ,s*i$am1 & aft] ! pur*ase 0 made ano!r week 0 sp5t 9 lift+ & pack+ & remov+ ! tree to ! ,london /eam]4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( =m 9 ! ,dut* clipp$ trees1 b spires surm\nt$ ) birds seem to be among ! mo/ common & are z easy to produce z mo/4 ,= ^!1 & = ! peacocks & ! spiral or s]p5t9e columns1 yew is almo/ inv>iably us$4 ,tables1 ) tops ei!r circul>1 oval or squ>e1 may be _h 9 box or yew1 & ! leg ( ! table may be pla9 or ornam5t$ accord+ to ta/e4 ,! arm-*airs 9 box h q a com=table & invit+ appe>ance4 ,sitt+ h5s1 geese1 & ducks are common designs1 & to protect ! v]dant p\ltry "o may obta9 equally v]dant dogs1 ) or )\t k5nels1 b ?\gh ! ma/iff may be ( q f]oci\s mi5 he c be w>rant$ n to bite2 moreov] he w require v little 9 ! way ( food & ! noise he makes w di/urb no "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yew ,,tree ,,) ,,bird--,,ano!r ,,=m ,*ur*es are q common designs among topi>i/s1 b x is int]e/+ to notice t seldom is !re a doorway provid$1 & obvi\sly if !re is no congregation !re w be no collection tak54 ,! *ur*y>d is also provid$ =1 inasmu* z v]dant tomb/ones & ,lat9 crosses are gr[n 9 consid]able numb]s1 & "s ( ^! w\ld be va/ improvem5ts ^u _m ( ! ugly head-/ones & o!r memorials ( a m solid "* t cr[d our gravey>ds4 ,pyramids1 mop-heads1 & blunt cones are among ! commone/ designs2 !y d n call = ! ex]cise ( mu* +5uity1 b :5 ^! pyramidal trees are cut into sev]al regul> & well grad$ ti]s _! co/ increases consid]ably4 ,ano!r =m ( tree t naturally sugge/s itself to ! ,dut* gr[]1 :o all 8 life is us$ to wat] & boats1 is t ( a sail+ %ip1 or b>ge2 b ^! are n s easy to evolve f ei!r box or yew1 & !y call = a good deal ( tra9+ 9 addition to ! cutt+ & clipp+ necess>y to keep !m %apely4 ,?9 wires & a few light bamboo rods usually complete ! tra9+ outfit necess>y1 b tak+ ! :ole range ( topi>ian design1 tra9+1 9 ! s5se ( ty+ out1 is n mu* practis$4 ,comp>$ ) ! designs enum]at$ 9 ! catalogue t ,pope's fancy creat$1 ! mod]n li/ ( v]dant sculptures is a v mode/ "o4 ,true we may h ,jugs & ,beak]s1 ,wrea?s z well z ,crosses1 & ,swans z well z ,peacocks1 v>y+ 9 price f ?ree gu9eas to t5 gu9eas ea*1 b ! mod]ns d n attempt to p\rtray ,adam & ,eve1 nor d !y c>icature ! poets & /atesm5 ( ! age1 9 liv+ box & yew4 ,prices are gov]n$ *iefly by ! size & age 7height & d5sity71 & ! design ( ! specim54 ,! yew tree be+ ( sl[] gr[? ?an ! box is1 size = size1 ! mo/ exp5sive ( ! two1 & well furni%$ examples t h n exce$$ m>ketable size v>y 9 age f tw5ty to sixty ye>s4 ,ev5 :5 design$ 9 box ! birds are ab\t t5 or twelve ye>s old1 dogs twelve to f\rte5 ye>s1 & tall] designs f fifte5 to eighte5 ye>s4 ,"s ( ! f9] examples f\nd 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ,holl& ne$ to h _! root sy/em cut ar\nd "o ye>1 s t !y may be safely lift$1 transport$ to ?is c\ntry & transplant$ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,x may v reasonably be ask$1 ,:]e are to be se5 ! signs ( ?is mod]n revival ( ,topi>y1 ap>t f horticultural exhibitions8 ,to t ,i make answ] by po9t+ to "s e/abli%m5ts fam\s ?r\gh\t ! l& = _! g>d5s4 ,at ,ascott1 ,mr ,leopold de ,ro?s*ild has a ?or\ghly well furni%$ & q mod]n ,topi>y ,g>d51 & ^? :o are dispos$ to sev]ely criticize ! mod]n revival ( an old g>d5 art mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,mr ,ro?s*ild's g>d5s at ,gunn]sbury & ,ascott h be5 & are /ill be+ ref]r$ to z f9e examples ( ! mo/ advanc$ & ta/eful /yle ( natural & adapt$ g>d5+4 ,ano!r example is to be f\nd at ,fri> ,p>k1 ,h5ley-on-,?ames1 ! resid5ce ( ,mr ,frank ,crisp4 ,?is is a comp>atively new g>d5 b x conta9s mu* t is beautiful & a v great deal t is int]e/+1 & its collection ( clipp$ trees is n ! lea/ int]e/+ feature ( an e/abli%m5t t also conta9s "o ( ! be/ collections ( alp9e plants 9 ! ,s\!rn ,c\nties4 ,if ^! are n suffici5t answ] to ! "q1 ,i ha/5 to add ,witley ,c\rt1 ,/\rport1 ! resid5ce ( ,lady ,dudley2 & ,danesfield1 ,m>l[1 ! home ( ,mr ,r4 ,w4 ,hudson4 ,besides ^! !re are num]\s o!r g>d5s ?r\gh\t ! l& :]e ,topi>y1 z a mod]n developm5t1 occupies no mean position1 ! ext5t ( ! collections ( clipp$ trees be+ det]m9$ *iefly by ! space at disposal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,clipp$ ,,yews ,,at ,a ,,cottage ,,entrance ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,a ,,topi>y ,,g>d5 ,! ,topi>y1 ,dut*1 or ,=mal ,g>d51 z x is sometimes call$1 belongs to a p]iod long s9ce gone by4 ,x is unc]ta9 :o 0 ! fir/ p]son to introduce ! =mal g>d5 into ,engl&1 & x is d\btful :e!r ?is /yle ( g>d5+ _h its orig9 9 ,holl& or 9 ,france4 ,! pres5t ,g>d5s ( ,lev5s ,hall 7 laid out betwe5 ! ye>s #agja & #agjd2 b x is pretty c]ta9 t ! art ( ,topi>y g>d5+ 0 practis$ 9 ,engl& be=e ! g>d5s at ,lev5s 7 remodell$ 9 t /yle4 ,be=e ! ye> #agjd1 ,monsieur ,beaumont1 :o _h be5 already employ$ by ,k+ ,james ,,ii4 to lay out ! g>d5s ( ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 0 engag$ by ,colonel ,james ,graham1 at t "t ,treasur] to ,james ,,ii41 to introduce ! art ( ,topi>y "w into 8 g>d5s at ,lev5s1 & x is probable t ^! two places 7 ! fir/ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 :i* ! g5u9e art 0 practis$4 ,beaumont1 x may be m5tion$1 0 a pupil ( ! fam\s ,le ,notre4 ,! lay+ out ( any g>d5 9 :i* clipp$ trees are int5d$ to be ! pr9cipal feature1 is op5 to a s]i\s objection--! only objection1 z ,i ?9k1 t c reasonably be ent]ta9$ aga9/ ,topi>y "w4 ,i allude to ! v great l5g? ( "t x takes to br+ ! ,topi>y ,g>d5 to p]fection4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! individual :o takes bo? tr\ble & pa9s to lay out 8 g>d5 c nev] expect to see 8 "w p]fect$2 =1 ev5 9 its natural /ate1 ! yew is an extremely sl[-gr[+ tree1 & :5 x is subject$ to cont9ual clipp+ & prun+ ye> aft] ye>1 its gr[? is consid]ably imp$$4 ,b1 ev5 aft] all[+ = ?is objection1 ,i ?9k x is a /yle ( g>d5+ t %\ld be m enc\rag$1 &1 if possible1 made m popul> ?an x is at ! pres5t "t4 ,i am fully aw>e t !re are _m au?orities 9 ! g>d5+ _w :o condemn ! ,=mal ,g>d5 z unnatural2 b ,i am c]ta9 t !re is a *>m & a beauty ( its own 9 ,topi>y "w n to be met ) 9 ! mod]n g>d54 ,no d\bt x w\ld be a pity 7 e p]son's ta/es to be alike1 & =tunately op9ions diff] 9 g>d5+ z 9 o!r matt]s4 ,we w suppose1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ ! objections ,i h nam$1 "s read] ( m9e has decid$ to make = himself a ,dut*1 or ,topi>y ,g>d5--= bo? /yles are practically ! same4 ,! *oos+ ( a situation1 if a *oice c be _h1 is ( prim>y importance4 ,a place %\ld be select$ :]e ! trees to be plant$ c obta9 ! fulle/ possible am\nt ( sunlight4 ,at ! same "t1 x %\ld be completely %elt]$ f e w9d t bl[s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t al?\gh ! yew is a tree :i* w gr[ & fl\ri% 9 almo/ any out-(-!-way corn] :5 left alone 9 its natural /ate1 x is q a diff]5t matt] :5 ea* individual tree 9 ! g>d5 is int5d$ to be z f9e & z p]fect a specim5 ( ,topi>y "w z x is possible to make x2 &1 l ev]y?+ else 9 a ,topi>y g>d51 a tree %\ld be tra9$ z well z possible1 or else let alone altoge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crosses ,,& ,,jugs ,,9 ,,yew ,x is v easy to p]ceive ! great diff]5ce betwe5 trees :i* h be5 plant$ p>tly or :olly 9 ! %ade & ^? t h always enjoy$ a full measure ( sunlight4 ,!re is a /rong & vigor\s gr[? ab\t ! latt] :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ^? plant$ 9 a %ady spot4 ,x may n always be practicable to plant ea* tree 9 a g>d5 :]e x w receive ! full b5efit ( ! sun2 b x is an object :i* %\ld ev] be kept 9 m9d1 & c>ri$ out z f> z possible4 ,! yew is a tree :i* repays good treatm5t1 especially :5 ye> aft] ye> x is subject to clipp+ & nev] suff]$ to gr[ 9 its natural /ate4 ,! situation *os5 = a ,topi>y ,g>d5 %\ld be a holl[1 or piece ( gr\nd slightly sunk bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! surr\nd+ l&4 ,if ?is %\ld be impracticable1 x w\ld be advisable to make a t]race on at lea/ "o side ( ! gr\nd m>k$ out = ! g>d51 pref]ably ! nor? side1 z a t]race on ! nor? side _c int]f]e ) ! full b5efit ( ! sun1 or obscure x f ! trees 9 any way4 ,!re is no place :5ce ,topi>y "w is se5 to great] advantage ?an f a t]race1 or1 inde$1 f any elevat$ spot f :i* "o c look d[n on ! g>d54 ,a t]race1 9 my op9ion1 has a d\ble recomm5dation1 inasmu* z besides add+ beauty to ! g>d5 x also af=ds good %elt]2 & %elt] is a necess>y consid]ation4 ,9 fact x is ( almo/ z mu* importance to provide effici5t %elt] z x is to get ! greate/ possible am\nt ( sunlight1 :i* ,i h always consid]$ to be absolutely indisp5sable to ! welf>e ( ! v>i\s species ( trees plant$ 9 a ,topi>y g>d54 ,no?+ is m injuri\s to ! yew tree ?an /rong w9ds f :i*ev] direction !y may happ5 to bl[1 & m especially are !y hurtful if ! g>d5 be situat$ ne> ! sea4 ,if su* be ! case1 & ! g>d5 be n well %elt]$1 ! salt spray e n[ & !n bl[n up ev5 sev]al miles inl&1 has a v delet]i\s effect on ! trees4 ,i h se5 old & spl5did specim5s ( ! yew disfigur$ = sev]al ye>s f ?is cause alone2 & ! old] ! tree ! m damag+ is ! effect4 ,:atev] ! k9d ( %elt] provid$1 x %\ld be plant$1 or erect$1 9 su* a way z n to obscure ! g5]al view ( ! g>d54 ,espali]s1 ) fruit trees tra9$ on !m1 7 =m]ly us$ to a great ext5t 9 ,topi>y g>d5s2 b !y are a k9d ( %elt] little to be recomm5d$1 z1 ?\gh c]ta9ly n unsightly1 & hav+ ! advantage ( be+ useful1 !y are some:at out ( place & sc>cely 9 keep+ ) o!r features ( ! g>d54 ,h>dy fl[]+ %rubs may always be plant$4 ,!y make a v good %elt]1 & are at ! same "t ornam5tal1 :ile !y h ! additional advantage ( be+ useful = cutt+ purposes4 ,b 9 close proximity to ! g>d51 !re is no?+ :i* af=ds m effectual %elt] or is m 9 h>mony ) its g5]al "* ?an h$ges ( yew or horn-beam ( ab\t t5 to twelve feet 9 height4 ,?is1 z a rule1 is q high en\gh to answ] ! purpose ( %elt]2 if all[$ to gr[ high]1 ! /r5g? & sub/ance ( a h$ge is almo/ c]ta9 to be sacrific$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 applies 9 a great] degree to yew ?an to horn-beam4 ,l>ge timb] trees1 su* z oak1 lime1 bee* or sycamore1 _c v well be plant$ )9 ! g>d51 ?\gh !y may easily be s 9 ! gr\nds1 or ev5 outside !m4 ,!y %\ld n be plant$ s+ly1 b ei!r 9 l>ge clumps or ?ick en\gh to =m a wood :i*1 9 c\rse ( "t1 may af=d %elt] to ! :ole g>d54 ,! next ?+ requir+ ! att5tion ( ! ,topi>y g>d5]1 & "o :i* mu/ be consid]$ 9 a special degree1 is ! g5]al =mation ( ! g>d54 ,?is is a matt] ( vital importance1 &1 9 common ) all bran*es ( g>d5 ar*itecture1 ne$s great =e?\ght & te*nical skill4 ,9 comm5c+ a ,dut* or ,topi>y g>d51 ev]y?+ %\ld be laid out 9 a =mal way2 always1 ( c\rse1 tak+ c>e to avoid unnecess>y /iffness 9 design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>i\sly ,,%ap$ ,,yew ,,trees ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,peacock ,,cut ,,9 ,,yew ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,9 ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,topi>y "w1 ,man is /riv+ to a v great ext5t aga9/ ,nature1 & ,nature is nev] an easy adv]s>y to fight4 ,natural beauty1 !re=e1 mu/ n be consid]$ too deeply 9 ! =mal lay+ out ( a ,topi>y g>d54 ,i am f> f wi%+ to imply t ,nature %\ld be entirely neglect$2 b 9 ! g5]al =mation & practical managem5t ( a ,topi>y g>d51 a qua9t & unique appe>ance is ! ?+ t mu/ be aim$ at1 & sometimes ev5 a grotesque effect4 ,h5ce ,nature mu/ occasionally be relegat$ to a second>y position4 ,natural beauties1 h[ev]1 appeal to ev]ybody1 & if x c be f\nd possible to comb9e ! two1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,if x is int5d$ to lay out a g>d5 9 :i* pl5ty ( space c be all[$ = plant+1 let u say1 a hundr$ or m trees1 a l>ge piece ( gr\nd w be f\nd to be necess>y4 ,x is always advisable to devote pl5ty ( gr\nd to ! "w1 z x is a great mi/ake to plant ! trees too close toge!r4 ,al?\gh ! trees :5 9 a small /ate may n appe> to be cr[d$1 if suffici5t space has n be5 all[$ = _! gr[? & developm5t1 ! g>d5 w aft]w>ds pres5t a cramp$ & heavy appe>ance :i* w greatly m> its g5]al effect z "t goes on4 ,! sy/em ( plant+ entirely 9 grass is n1 ,i ?9k1 to be greatly recomm5d$1 al?\gh a few s+le trees plant$ "h & !re on ! lawns may look well4 ,= v>i\s reasons :i* %all be expla9$ h]eaft]1 ,i believe x to be bett] to comb9e ! ,topi>y prop] & ! fl[] g>d54 ,:5 x has be5 decid$ h[ _m trees x is int5d$ to plant1 & h[ mu* space is available = ! "w1 ! gr\nd %\ld be mapp$ out 9 six or eight l>ge squ>es or qu>t]s4 ,^! squ>es ne$ n be all ( "o uni=m size1 or ( exactly ! same %ape4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! p]son :o is lay+ out ! g>d5 w h to be guid$ by circum/ances z reg>ds ! %ape & size ( ^! divisions4 ,!re are s _m diff]5t designs ( g>d5 ar*itecture t x is ( v little use try+ to describe any p>ticul> =m4 ,i w\ld recomm5d1 h[ev]1 t ! design *os5 be z simple a "o z possible4 ,! fl[]-b$s %\ld be made ( r a l>ge size1 & aft]w>ds may be plant$ ) roses1 & h]bace\s & b$d+ plants2 !y w also s]ve ! additional purpose ( conta9+ ! clipp$ trees4 ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 mean t all ! b$s %\ld be ( uni=m size or %ape2 b ! b$s 9 :i* trees are to be plant$ %\ld be f tw5ty-five to =ty feet 9 l5g?1 & f five to sev5 feet wide4 ,a b$ ( ^! dim5sions w be f\nd to answ] all purposes fairly well1 :atev] be ! design adopt$1 & :atev] %ape may be giv5 to ! b$s !mselves4 ,all ! pa?s1 ) ! exception ( ! ma9 walks betwe5 ! qu>t]s or divisions1 %\ld be grass2 & ^? ma9 walks %\ld h a sub/ratum ( "s h>d mat]ial & be cov]$ on ! surface ) loose gravel4 ,"s objection may be rais$ to grass walks z be+ ( an uns]viceable nature = g5]al g>d5 "w2 b1 if ! ma9 walks are made z sugge/$1 ! am\nt ( "w & trampl+ on ! grass pa?s w be r$uc$ to v small proportions1 & ev5 :5 necess>y to d any heavy "w ov] ! latt]1 su* z :eel+ manure or o!r traffic ( a simil> nature1 dry or fro/y wea!r c usually be *os5 z ! mo/ conv5i5t mom5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,box ,,g>d51 ,,*a/leton ,,h\se ,9 mak+ ! fl[]-b$s1 box %\ld always be us$ = edg+2 nev] /ones or ornam5tal tiles1 z any?+ ( ?is description is altoge!r out ( keep+ ) ! g5]al features ( a ,topi>y g>d54 ,!re may be a slight objection to box edg+ on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( gett+ x to gr[ well 9 c]ta9 soils4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ,i h nev] _h ! slighte/ difficulty 9 gett+ x to fl\ri% & rema9 9 a heal?y condition1 provid$ x gets prop] treatm5t4 ,i h "s boxwood at ,lev5s :i* has n be5 relaid = ne>ly1 if n q1 a hundr$ ye>s2 & yet x is 9 a /rong1 heal?y /ate4 ,:5 ! portion ( ! g>d5 int5d$ to be devot$ to ,topi>y g>d5+ has be5 laid out1 att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! o!r portion ( ! gr\nds2 &1 z none ( ! old =mal g>d5s 7 consid]$ to be complete )\t a b[l+-gre5 & h$ges ( yew1 horn-beam1 or holly1 a b[l+-gre5 %\ld be made & !n enclos$ by "o or ano!r ( ^! species ( h$ge4 ,any additional space n requir$ = lawns or t]races %\ld be made into fruit & vegetable qu>t]s4 ,if x c be f\nd conv5i5t to h ! vegetable g>d5 sep>ate f ! o!r1 s mu* ! bett]2 z any space n absolutely requir$ may !n be utilis$ = fruit trees only4 ,old apple trees1 ) _! gn>l$ /ems & bran*es1 ) "h & !re a bran* ( mi/letoe hang+ among !m1 are picturesque objects en\gh among any surr\nd+s4 ,9 ! gr\nds1 z well z 9 ! g>d51 grass walks %\ld pr$om9ate betwe5 ! h$ges1 & 9 ! qu>t]s devot$ to fruit trees & vegetables4 ,inde$1 :]ev] a pa? or walk is necess>y1 x %\ld be grass$1 if possible4 ,,plant+ ,,& ,,manur+ ,be=e plant+ op]ations are tak5 9 h&1 ! b$s %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly prep>$1 & made ready = ! reception ( ! trees4 ,z ) ev]y?+ else connect$ ) ! managem5t ( a g>d51 a good beg9n+1 foll[$ by c>eful att5tion & prop] treatm5t1 g5]ally means a successful result4 ,al?\gh ! yew is a gross fe$+ tree1 x w ?rive fairly well 9 almo/ any poor soil2 b x is advisable only to plant 9 a soil ( a nature t w1 z f> z possible1 suit ! requirem5ts ( ! v>i\s trees x is int5d$ to c>ry4 ,ev]y?+ t c be done at ?is p]iod to ensure ! future success ( ! g>d5 %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a ,topi>y g>d5 :5 complet$ w 9 all probability endure = an indef9ite l5g? ( "t--p]haps = hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,any extra lab\r or exp5se devot$ to ! "w ( initiation w1 !re=e1 be fully repaid 9 ! future4 ,if ! l& t has be5 select$ = ! g>d5 is compos$ ( loam ( a ri*1 mell[ nature1 all t is necess>y w be to tr5* ! gr\nd two or ?ree 8spits0 deep4 ,if ! soil is ( a lime/one composition x w be to ! advantage ( ! yew trees1 z ^! seem to gr[ well & vigor\sly 9 a soil ( ?is k9d4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! soil be ( a poor1 hungry nature1 x w be advisable to remove x altoge!r1 to ! dep? ( two or ?ree feet1 replac+ x ) good loam ( a m suitable "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cottage ,,at ,,dit*eat1 ,,som]set ,no?+ w answ] ?is purpose bett] ?an ! top 8spit0 (f old pa/ure or mead[ l&4 ,! top 8spit0 only %\ld be us$1 & ?is %\ld n be remov$ to a great] dep? ?an five or six in*es4 ,turf tak5 (f at ?is dep? w g5]ally conta9 all t is be/ 9 ! soil ( ei!r pa/ure or mead[ l&4 ,al?\gh n absolutely necess>y1 x w be f\nd advantage\s if ! loam be obta9$ six or eight mon?s previ\s to ! "t :5 x w be requir$ = use4 ,x %\ld be remov$ f ! fields1 & c>efully /ack$1 9 ord] to kill ! grass & p>tially decay ! turf4 ,p>tially decay$ loam is 9 all respects bett] ?an t :i* has j be5 procur$ f ! fields4 ,! trees make bett] roots 9 x1 & x is also easi] to *op ) ! spade--a ?+ :i* w be f\nd necess>y to d be=e x c be put on ! b$s4 ,! grass has also to be consid]$2 & unless ?is is cov]$ by a good dep? ( ord9>y g>d5 soil1 x w prove exce$+ly tr\blesome dur+ at lea/ ! fir/ ye> aft] plant+4 ,( c\rse1 if ! g>d5 be a l>ge "o1 & op]ations c be c>ri$ out on a l>ge scale1 ! removal ( ! old soil & replacem5t by o!r & m suitable loam w entail a consid]able am\nt bo? ( lab\r & exp5se4 ,b1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 no?+ %\ld be left undone at ?is p]iod ( ! "w t w help to ensure its future success4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r & m simple me?od ( replac+ ! soil1 & "o :i* may answ] ! purpose equally well4 ,aft] ! b$s h be5 made1 ! places may be m>k$ out :]e x is int5d$ to plant ! trees4 ,! soil may !n be remov$ & a hole made ( f f\r to five feet 9 diamet] & f two to ?ree feet 9 dep?1 accord+ to ! size ( ! tree x is propos$ to plant4 ,by foll[+ ?is me?od ! lab\r & co/ ( remov+ ! entire soil f ! b$s & replac+ x ) new loam w be to a great ext5t r$uc$1 & results obta9$ :i* %\ld be almo/1 if n q z satisfactory4 ,! rema9+ soil left 9 ! b$s1 no matt] h[ poor x may be1 c soon be made ri* en\gh = ei!r h]bace\s or b$d+ plants by a lib]al use ( manure4 ,:5 ! b$s h be5 prep>$ = ! reception ( ! trees1 plant+ %\ld be at once proce$$ )1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t ! plant+ season be at h&4 ,l all o!r =ms ( tree-plant+1 x %\ld be done z soon z possible aft] ! prop] "t arrives2 or1 to be m explicit1 f ! middle ( ,octob] to ! middle ( ,novemb]4 ,al?\gh ! "w ( lift+ & transplant+ yew trees & box c be c>ri$ on ) p]fect safety up to ! end ( ! ye> or ev5 up to ! end ( ,janu>y1 ! e>li] season is und\bt$ly ! bett]4 ,! soil has !n m *ance to get settl$ ab\t ! roots be=e ! adv5t ( h>d wea!r4 ,i h se5 yew trees lift$ & transplant$ ev5 9 ,june1 b d n consid] x to be by any means a suitable "t = ! "w1 & x is n a practice to be recomm5d$4 ,if left s late 9 ! ye> z ,june1 con/ant att5tion mu/ be paid to wat]+1 else ! result w be disa/r\s4 ,if ! trees h be5 gr[+ = a few ye>s 9 a res]ve nurs]y-g>d5 close at h&1 !y c be lift$ & replant$ )\t undue exposure to ! op5 air or dry+ w9ds2 b if !y h to be br\ght f af>1 & h _h to und]go a long railway j\rney1 !y are almo/ c]ta9 to be f\nd on arrival to be dry at ! roots4 ,9 ?is case1 !y %\ld be at once unpack$ & subm]g$ 9 a tank ( wat] = a few h\rs1 & !n heel$ into ! gr\nd z ne> z possible to ! place :]e plant+ is to be c>ri$ on1 & aft]w>ds lift$ & replant$ z requir$4 ,no rank manure ( any k9d %\ld be us$ ei!r mix$ ) ! soil1 or appli$ to ! roots ( ! trees1 or ! result w be injuri\s4 ,if manure ( any k9d be employ$1 no?+ is bett] = ! purpose ?an co>se bones us$ 9 mod]ate quantities--ab\t "o b>r[ load ( bones to tw5ty or tw5ty-five b>r[s ( loam4 ,x w be necess>y to ex]cise great skill & =e?\ght 9 arrang+ & plant+ ! v>i\s trees ) :i* x is int5d$ to adorn ! g>d54 ,ev]y?+ %\ld be done to make ! g>d5 z unique1 & at ! same "t z bright & attractive z possible4 ,n[ t su* excell5t v>ieties ( gold5 yew are obta9able1 a fairly l>ge numb] ( ^! %\ld be plant$4 ,!y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be all[$ to pr$om9ate ov] ! common gre5 yew2 b if a few be plant$1 x w help to relieve ! sombre appe>ance ( ! ord9>y ,engli% yew4 ,box is ano!r k9d ( tree t l5ds itself admirably to ,topi>y "w1 & "o t %\ld n be =gott5 dur+ ! plant+ p]iod1 z a few ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( box w greatly add to ! g5]al effect4 ,!re are also ! diff]5t v>ieties ( holly & gold5 privet2 b1 z reg>ds ! =m]1 unless x is purely = ! sake ( contra/1 :i* is admir$ 9 all g>d5s1 ,i %\ld recomm5d its omission f ! li/ ( trees to be plant$1 z x does n l5d itself to clipp+4 ,its *ief fault1 h[ev]1 is its untidy nature1 :i* causes x to be a nuisance 9 a g>d54 ,x is p]petually %$d+ its leaves ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 :5 e g>d5 %\ld be look+ its neate/4 ,no trees are m suitable = ,topi>y "w ?an ! diff]5t v>ieties ( yew & ! boxwood1 z ^! are ! mo/ easily clipp$ & tra9$4 ,al?\gh ! yew is an exce$+ly sl[-gr[+ tree1 x w1 ev5 ) cont9ual clipp+1 gr[ into a tree ( l>ge dim5sions2 &1 if ! :ole g>d5 has be5 plant$ at "o "t1 in/ead ( add+ trees at int]vals ( a few ye>s1 !re w be too mu* uni=mity ab\t x4 ,?is %\ld be avoid$ z f> z possible1 & if a few box trees h be5 plant$ "h & !re1 !y w help to break ! ev5ness ( ! g>d51 s9ce box c be kept d[n to almo/ any size desir$ by ! aid ( con/ant clipp+4 ,:5 ! "w ( m>k+ out ! places & plant+ ! trees is be+ done1 avoid any?+ t w aft]w>ds h a t5d5cy to ov]-cr[d+4 ,all[ pl5ty ( space = ea* tree to develop into :atev] size or %ape may be desir$1 & !n h pl5ty ( space = ea* tree to be pla9ly & di/9ctly se54 ,trees t are too ?ickly plant$ nev] h ! same appe>ance z ^? t h be5 all[$ suffici5t space2 nei!r is ov]-cr[d+ b5eficial4 ,x has a great t5d5cy to draw ! trees up too quickly1 at ! exp5se ( /rong & robu/ gr[?4 ,:5 ! plant+ op]ations are f9i%$1 ea* tree %\ld be giv5 a good mul*+ ( f>my>d manure4 ,no?+ is m b5eficial to ! heal? & vig\r ( ! trees ?an half decay$ manure f ! f>my>d1 appli$ z a mul*+ ei!r to old or newly-plant$ trees4 ,x is ! be/ /imulant t c be appli$1 z x answ]s ! two-fold purpose ( imp>t+ heal? & vig\r to ! trees & protect+ ! roots f fro/ dur+ w9t]1 al?\gh !re is p]haps v little dang] ( fro/ do+ any damage to ! roots ( ! yew on acc\nt ( its extreme h>d9ess4 ,x is always saf] to protect trees t h be5 rec5tly plant$1 & ! manure w c]ta9ly n be wa/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross ,,9 ,,yew ,,ov] ,,! ,,grave ,,( ,l4,t4-,,g5]al ,,arbu?not1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,k4,t4,s41 ,,9 ,,/4 ,,boniface ,,*ur*y>d1 ,,bon*ur*1 ,,isle ,,( ,,wight ,if ! g>d5 is an old e/abli%$ "o & full ( old trees1 ^! w be greatly b5efit$ by ! aid ( occasional top dress+s ( "s sort ( manure1 or ! trees w beg9 to %[ signs ( det]iorat+ 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,m especially w top dress+ be necess>y if ! gr\nd or b$s :]e ! trees are plant$ is n lib]ally manur$ e ye>4 ,b if manure is lib]ally appli$1 ! necessity = top dress+ ! roots w n be s great2 = ! yew ext5ds its roots = a long di/ance & !re=e absorbs a great deal ( :atev] k9d ( manure is appli$ to ! gr\nd4 ,al?\gh *emical manures may be us$ = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 or lack ( f>my>d manure1 !y are n /rongly recomm5d$4 ,( c\rse if f>my>d manure _c be obta9$1 !n *emical manure ( "s sort w h to be resort$ to1 b ?is w n h ! same desir$ effect 9 imp>t+ vig\r to ! trees4 ,! pr9cipal objection to f>my>d manure arises on acc\nt ( its unsightl9ess 9 ! g>d52 b t c be rem$i$ to a great ext5t by remov+ a few in*es ( soil f ! roots & apply+ a lay] ( ! manure1 & aft]w>ds replac+ ! soil4 ,liquid manure ( any k9d w be ( ! greate/ b5efit to old trees1 & !re is no d\bt t *emical manure if appli$ to ! roots at all1 %\ld be giv5 9 liquid =m dur+ spr+ or summ]1 :5 ! wea!r is dry4 ,x w greatly assi/ ! trees 9 mak+ good gr[?4 ,! clipp$ yew is ( su* a close nature t x takes v heavy ra9s to p5etrate ! roots4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,old ,,trees ,x is p]haps :5 ! "w ( clipp+ & tra9+ ! trees beg9s1 t ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! practical managem5t ( a ,topi>y g>d5 is exp]i5c$2 b z 9 ?is *apt] ,i int5d to deal only ) old trees1 ,i w leave ! tra9+ & %ap+ ( "y trees to be describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,x is a matt] t requires bo? skill & exp]i5ce1 bo? on ! "p ( ! man :o is h&l+ ! %e>s1 & ( ! g>d5] :o is sup]9t5d+1 & :o is also responsible = ! "w4 ,!re is no?+ :i* looks worse 9 a g>d5 ?an trees n prop]ly clipp$1 & no clipp$ "w c be call$ prop]ly done if all or ev5 any %e> m>ks are visible to ! eye4 ,clipp+ & tra9+ ( trees 9 a ,topi>y g>d5 is "w t %\ld ei!r be done prop]ly or else n at all4 ,if ! greate/ possible am\nt ( c>e is n be/[$ on ! trees1 !y w v soon gr[ out ( %ape1 &1 ( c\rse1 become unsightly2 & no?+ is want$ 9 a g>d5 t is n pleas+ to ! eye4 ,if ! g>d5 is a v ext5sive "o & conta9s a l>ge numb] ( old specim5 trees1 ! "w ( clipp+ !m & clean+ up aft]w>ds is an und]tak+ t requires a great deal ( "t & lab\r1 z ! "w is n ( a nature t w all[ m5 to hurry ov] x1 & x is moreov] a lab\r ( skill & pati5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yews ,,at ,,montacute1 ,,som]set ,9 an old ,=mal ,g>d51 :]e ,topi>y "w is consid]$ ! pr9cipal feature1 x is advisable to all[ only m5 :o are ?or\ghly exp]i5c$ 9 ! "w to d ! clipp+4 ,9 fact1 if ! %ape & symmetrical appe>ance ( ! trees are to be kept z ne>ly z possible p]fect1 exp]i5c$ m5 are necess>y4 ,( c\rse1 9 any g>d5 x w sometimes happ5 t ! g>d5] may h to put a novice to d "s "p ( ! clipp+1 z =tunate inde$ is ! g>d5] 9 *>ge ( a ,topi>y g>d5 :o c rely ye> aft] ye> on ?ree or f\r m5 :o are ?or\ghly tra9$ & accu/om$ to ! art ( ,topi>y clipp+4 ,:5 x is f\nd necess>y to employ a p]son to d any "p ( ! clipp+ :o has n _h any previ\s exp]i5ce1 he %\ld only be all[$ to beg9 on trees ( ! lea/ importance1 & ^? mo/ conceal$ f view4 ,! beg9n] w always f9d t a r\nd or oval %ap$ tree is a great deal less difficult to "w ^u ?an a squ>e "o1 or a h$ge4 ,!re=e1 if possible1 he %\ld be all[$ to get 8 h& 9 on r\nd trees4 ,x is always a wise plan :5 a novice is le>n+ ! "w1 to h a ?or\ghly exp]i5c$ p]son work+ close at h&--b n on ! same tree--to assi/ him & see t z few mi/akes z possible are made4 ,no h>d & fa/ l9e c be drawn z to ! exact date :5 ! clipp+ season %\ld beg91 b x %\ld be z soon z possible aft] ! trees h complet$ _! gr[?1 z at t season ! "y %oots are s(t1 & n s difficult to clip4 ,9 any case x %\ld n be lat] ?an ! middle ( ,septemb]1 especially if !re is a l>ge am\nt ( clipp+ to be done4 ,if x c be f\nd conv5i5t to />t a =tnight or ?ree weeks e>li]1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,m especially does ?is apply to bee* or horn-beam1 z !y f9i% _! gr[? soon] ?an ! yew1 & if !y are n clipp$ imm$iately1 ! "y %oots get h>d &1 ( c\rse1 are m difficult to manage4 ,:]e !re is en\gh clipp+ to keep ?ree or f\r m5 at "w = n9e or t5 weeks1 ! soon] ! "w is comm5c$ aft] ,septemb] comes 9 ! bett]1 z x enables ! "w to be got ?r\gh be=e ! sev]e fro/s ( w9t] set 94 ,:5 ! trees are ( a l>ge size--a ?+ t is g5]ally ! case 9 old g>d5s--scaffold+ ( "s sort w be necess>y1 & = ?is purpose !re is no?+ bett] ?an tre/les made to close up into z little space z possible1 = ! d\ble purpose ( /or+ !m away 9 w9t] or at any "t !y are n requir$ = use1 & = ! sake ( conv5i5ce 9 c>ry+ !m ab\t ! g>d54 ,! tre/les %\ld be made 9 at lea/ ?ree diff]5t sizes1 two ( ea* size1 or m if necess>y4 ,^!1 ) ! aid ( a s+le plank laid across two equal siz$ tre/les1 w g5]ally suffice = ! "w4 ,( c\rse1 ! plank t is us$ mu/ be /rong en\gh to c>ry a man1 & wide en\gh to give him pl5ty ( /&+ room4 ,if ! trees are old & practically p]fect$ 9 %ape1 ! "w ( clipp+ is n su* a difficult matt] z :5 ! trees are 9 c\rse ( tra9+4 ,b x is usually ! case t al?\gh _m ( ! trees are old !re are "y ones com+ on t h to be %ap$4 ,9 ! case ( old trees1 z a g5]al rule1 all t is requir$ is to take (f ! ye>'s gr[?2 clipp+ back to ! old gr[? ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,h>d clipp+ ( old trees is a practice t %\ld to a c]ta9 ext5t be c>ri$ out1 unless x is desir$ to enl>ge ! size ( ! tree4 ,if ?is is ! case1 f "o in* & a half to two in*es ( ! ye>'s gr[? %\ld be left on1 b n m4 ,alt]+ ! %ape ( old trees is a ?+ t %\ld be avoid$ z f> z possible1 especially if ! trees are well %ap$ & 9 a heal?y condition4 ,x sometimes happ5s t "o or m trees 9 ! g>d5 may h be5 all[$ ?r\gh c>eless managem5t or "s o!r cause to gr[ out ( %ape2 or p]haps an old tree may be obscur+ ! view 9 "s way or o!r4 ,9 ! case ( su* a ?+ happ5+1 x w be necess>y to use ! prun+ knife or saw r sev]ely1 bo? ( :i* c be us$ ) p]fect safety :5 !y are 9 ! h&s ( a p]son :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! yew2 provid$1 ( c\rse1 he does n g to extremes1 ! yew is a tree t w /& a fair am\nt ( r\gh treatm5t1 & "o t c be twi/$ & cut into almo/ any %ape desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,po/ ,,(fice1 ,,dit*eat1 ,,som]set ,i h se5 old specim5 trees t _h gr[n out ( %ape1 or 71 p]haps1 %utt+ out ! view 9 "s "p ( ! g>d51 tak5 d[n & re-tra9$1 or cut d[n ) ! prun+ saw1 or knife1 z ! case might be2 & yet 9 a v few ye>s !y _h q recov]$ & gr[n into nice1 well %ap$ trees1 full ( vig\r & well furni%$ ) "y gr[?4 ,r w ! tree1 if x is c>efully manag$1 be improv$ by ! sev]e prun+ x has be5 subject$ to4 ,( c\rse1 aft] an op]ation l ! "o ,i am describ+1 great c>e w h to be tak5 t e use is made ( ! "y gr[?1 z ! ma9 object to be kept 9 view is to get ! tree well furni%$ aga9 9 z little "t z possible4 ,!re w be v little1 if any ne$ = us+ ! %e>s ! fir/ ye> aft] ! cutt+ back has be5 done2 b if ! "y gr[? is at all rank1 x %\ld be c>efully ?9n$ ) an ord9>y prun+ knife1 always tak+ c>e t only ! weak] %oots are remov$1 leav+ ! /rong] ones to gr[ = use ano!r ye>1 :5 !y c be ti$ 9 & cov] up1 z f> z possible1 ! old & b>e wood4 ,:5 ty+ "y %oots1 t>r$ /r+ w be f\nd mo/ suitable4 ,x answ]s ! purpose v well & x is easi] to tie ?an wire1 al?\gh x has a t5d5cy to decay quickly ?r\gh be+ always expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,9 ! case ( "y %oots ! pressure is n great & /r+ w g5]ally la/ z long z ! tie is requir$1 z ! %oots soon become matt$ & int]wov5 toge!r2 b if a /rong bran* %\ld happ5 to get displac$ 9 any way1 ! use ( /r+ z a ty+ mat]ial %\ld be avoid$ & copp] wire %\ld always be sub/itut$ 9 its place4 ,9 ! case ( an old bran* ! pressure is great]1 & :atev] mat]ial has be5 us$ 9 ! "w1 x w z a rule be int5d$ to la/ = ye>s4 ,= ! purpose ( tree ty+ ( any description copp] wire is to be recomm5d$2 x has n ! same injuri\s effect on ! trees z ord9>y galvanis$ wire2 b :atev] is us$1 cork %\ld always be plac$ betwe5 ! wire & ! wood z a prev5tive aga9/ cutt+ ! tree4 ,:5 clipp+ an old tree t is a p]fectly squ>e "o1 x is a good practice to use ei!r a l9e or "s k9d ( /raight edge4 ,if ! man :o is do+ ! "w uses "o or ! o!r he c g5]ally give ! tree a bett] & m f9i%$ appe>ance ?an if he tru/s to ! eye only4 ,p]haps ( all ! diff]5t k9d ( %apes !re are to clip 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 h$ges require ! mo/ skill & c>e1 & only ! mo/ exp]i5c$ m5 %\ld be all[$ to und]take ! "w ( clipp+ !m4 ,h$ges 9 ! g>d5 are mo/ly plant$ 9 su* a way t _! entire l5g? is visible1 & ( c\rse ! mo/ casual obs]v] c see at a glance :e!r !y are prop]ly clipp$ or if !re are any %e> m>ks visible on !m4 ,if ! h$ge is compos$ mo/ly ( curves1 !n ( c\rse ! clipp+ is n su* a difficult matt]4 ,a long1 /raight h$ge & "o t is almo/ entirely made up ( curves1 diff] 9 ! same respect ) reg>d to ! ease ) :i* !y c be clipp$1 exactly 9 ! same way z a r\nd or an oval tree4 ,:5 clipp+ a /raight h$ge a p]son %\ld nev] tru/ entirely to ! eye1 & l9es %\ld always be us$2 & = ! purpose no?+ is bett] ?an ord9>y g>d5 l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,example ,,( ,,topi>y ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,9 ! case ( h$ges t are cut into battlem5ts at ! top1 ^! %\ld h a l9e /ret*$ l5g?ways along ! gr\nd1 ano!r along ! base ( ! battlem5ts1 & ano!r along ! top ( ! battlem5ts2 & :atev] size & wid? ! battlem5ts are1 say1 = in/ance1 two feet high & two feet 9 wid? betwe5 !m1 a /ick cut exactly two feet 9 l5g? or a two-foot rule %\ld be us$ to measure ! exact height & di/ance betwe5 ! battlem5ts2 & if ^? precautions are tak51 any p]son ) a fair k ( ! art ( clipp+ c h>dly ) ord9>y c>e & att5tion get wrong2 z1 aft] all1 ! "w ( clipp+ ,topi>y trees is n s difficult z might be expect$4 ,!re are sev]al po9ts t %\ld always be rememb]$4 ,symmetry & %ape are necess>y to make a good tree2 & ?is may be said to be ! fir/ & mo/ important factor 9 ! "w4 ,ano!r po9t is to take p>ticul> c>e t ! %e>s d n cut (f m ?an is necess>y4 ,by t ,i mean1 nev] to all[ ! %e>s to cut deep en\gh into ! tree to make a hole4 ,ano!r v important po9t to aim at is to give ! tree z smoo? & ev5 an appe>ance z possible aft] ! "w is f9i%$4 ,i am p]fectly aw>e t1 9 a l>ge collection ( yews or o!r clipp$ trees1 !re are always "s t x is impossible to clip prop]ly1 on acc\nt ( weak gr[?1 or "s o!r cause4 ,= in/ance1 trees t are gr[+ 9 a "p ( ! g>d5 :]e !y are fully expos$ to w9d & /orm are almo/ c]ta9 to get into an unheal?y condition4 ,! gr[? becomes weak & /unt$1 or p]haps ! bran*es get work$ out ( place1 or ev5 die out altoge!r4 ,9 ! case ( trees ( t description1 no matt] h[ mu* ty+ is done or h[ c>efully !y are clipp$1 !y c nev] be made to h ! same appe>ance z ^? t are full ( "y gr[? & are 9 a heal?y & vigor\s /ate4 ,:]e ! g>d5 has be5 plant$ ) mix$ trees--su* z yew1 holly1 boxwood & horn-beam1 ! clipp+ %\ld all be done 9 ! autumn s z to give ! g>d5 a tidy & uni=m appe>ance4 ,autumn is n g5]ally consid]$ ! "r season ( ! ye> = holly clipp+1 b if !re are "s1 m or less1 plant$ among ! yews 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 x is necess>y t !y %\ld be clipp$ at ! same "t z ! o!r subjects1 = ! sake ( appe>ance4 ,b if hollies are plant$ by !mselves 9 "s isolat$ "p ( ! g>d51 :e!r 9 h$ges or bu%es1 ! "w ( clipp+ !m %\ld be c>ri$ out t[>ds ! latt] end ( ,may or beg9n+ ( ,june2 !n h>d clipp+ e o!r ye> w suffice = !m4 ,at ,lev5s we clip ! holly h$ges :i* are n actually 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 h>d back to ! old wood e alt]nate ye>1 & o!r ye>s we m]ely g ov] !m ) a pair ( %e>s & cut away ! long %oots4 ,i am r ( ! op9ion t h>d clipp+ ( hollies e ye> is m injuri\s ?an b5eficial to ! trees4 ,x is evid5t to anyone :o has se5 an old ,dut* or ,topi>y g>d51 t1 9 ! =mation & lay+ out ( ! gr\nds1 boxwood has always be5 consid]$ "o ( ! pr9cipal features1 & 9 mo/ ( !m x rema9s s to ?is day4 ,:]e box succe$s well & rema9s 9 p]fect heal?1 no c>e or att5tion %\ld be sp>$ to keep x s1 = !re is no edg+ t c be us$ 9 ! g>d5 to be comp>$ ) x = beauty4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 "s drawbacks1 ! pr9cipal "o ( :i* is ! excell5t accommodation x af=ds to snails & o!r g>d5 pe/s2 b its advantages m ?an c\nt]balance its defects4 ,l ! hollies1 e o!r ye> is suffici5t = clipp+ x1 & !re is no m suitable mon? = ! "w ?an ,june4 ,!re %\ld be no clipp+ done to boxwood until all dang] ( fro/ is gone1 z x is extremely dang]\s to clip be=e t p]iod has pass$4 ,!re is no?+ m injuri\s to newly clipp$ boxwood ?an %>p fro/s4 ,i h se5 boxwood t 0 ov] a hundr$ ye>s old clipp$ 9 ,april1 ) ! result t a few %>p fro/y nights kill$ ! :ole ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s ,,g5]al ,,view ,except+ dur+ ! clipp+ season1 !re is v little "w to be done to ! trees 9 a ,topi>y g>d51 unless x is top-dress+ !m ) "s sort ( manure1 or keep+ a look-out = bran*es t h become loose ?r\gh w9d or "s o!r cause4 ,if ?is occurs1 ! bran*es %\ld be imm$iately ti$ back into _! places be=e any injury takes place to ! tree4 ,!re is ano!r dang] t %\ld be /rictly gu>d$ aga9/ 9 w9t]1 & t is1 ! dang] ! trees und]go 9 ! ev5t ( heavy falls ( sn[4 ,:5 ! trees are old & l>ge & 9 e way adapt$ = c>ry+ a heavy weight ( sn[1 no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 gett+ x remov$ z quickly z possible2 ! soon] ! m5 get to "w ! bett]1 ev5 be=e ! sn[ has ceas$ if x is at all likely to be a heavy fall4 ,! lab\r ( hav+ to g ov] ! trees two or ?ree times mu/ n be consid]$ if !y are to be sav$ f injury4 ,x is mu* bett] to keep con/antly knock+ ! sn[ (f ) light swit*es1 ?an take ! risk ( hav+ ! trees cru%$ out ( %ape & brok54 ,,! ,,managem5t ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,"y ,,trees ,9 my la/ *apt] ,i dealt almo/ exclusively ) ! managem5t ( old trees4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i int5d to devote ! space pr9cipally to ! treatm5t t w h to be foll[$ 9 ! tra9+ & %ap+ ( "y trees 9 ! ,topi>y g>d54 ,i %all try to give z cle> & concise an idea z possible to ^? :o are contemplat+ lay+ out a g>d51 or :o may already h done s1 9 :i* ,topi>y "w is int5d$ to be ! ma9 feature1 al?\gh ! tra9+ & %ap+ ( "y trees does n belong entirely to a g>d5 9 c\rse ( =mation4 ,g5]ally 9 old g>d5s1 trees w be f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( be+ tra9$4 ,if ! g>d5 has be5 laid out & ! trees c>efully plant$ on ! l9es advis$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 a record %\ld be c>efully made z to ! exact date :5 ea* tree 0 plant$ & also reg>d+ ! %ape t ea* tree 9 ! g>d5 is int5d$ to repres5t :5 x is f9i%$4 ,a record ( t description1 made at ! p]iod ( ! "w1 w prove ( great int]e/ 9 aft] ye>s1 bo? to ^? :o own ! g>d5 & to o!rs :o are ei!r int]e/$ 9 x or may happ5 to visit x4 ,a record ( ! date ( plant+ & ! %apes t ! trees 7 orig9ally meant to repres5t1 seems to h be5 a ?+ q neglect$ dur+ ! =mation ( ! old ,topi>y g>d5s1 :i* seems to me to be a v great pity4 ,to a great ext5t ! g5]al managem5t ( "y trees is altoge!r diff]5t f ! managem5t requir$ to be giv5 to old trees2 inasmu* z ! difficulties are m num]\s1 & ! c>e & att5tion necess>y to be be/[$ on !m m manifold4 ,our =efa!rs ) ! greate/ skill & c>e laid out & =m$ ! old e/abli%$ ,topi>y g>d5s ( ! pres5t day1 & aft]w>ds ye> by ye> tra9$ & %ap$ ! f9e old specim5s ( ! ,topi>y art n[ to be se5 9 "s ( ! old g>d5s1 s t :5 a p]son is walk+ ?r\gh "o ( ^! g>d5s1 & exam9+ ! qua9t & curi\s %apes ( ! trees1 he _c fail to admire !m & to reflect ^u ! am\nt ( skill & lab\r t has be5 be/[$ on !m4 ,x w\ld be curi\s1 inde$1 if he fail$ to pause1 & consid] ! am\nt ( pati5ce ! g>d5]s ( e>li] ye>s 7 end[$ )4 ,9 _m respects ! g>d5] ( ! pres5t "t has ! advantage 9 ,topi>y "w at lea/ ov] 8 bro!r ( "o or two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,:e!r ! g>d5]s ( ! pres5t day are m skill$ 9 t special art1 is a "q :i* ,i am n prep>$ to answ]2 b ,i am c]ta9 t !re is no mi/ak+ ! abilities ( ! old g>d5]s 9 ! art ( tra9+ trees4 ,! "w !y h left beh9d !m proves ?is beyond a d\bt4 ,! g>d5] ( ! pres5t day has m v>iety ( %apes to *oose f1 & a l>g] & m v>i$ selection ( trees to "w ^u4 ,if ! trees 7 a good size & well gr[n :5 !y 7 plant$1 ! "w ( clipp+ & tra9+ !m may be comm5c$ ! foll[+ ye>1 accord+ to ! %ape into :i* x is int5d$ to =m ! tree4 ,x is n advisable t any clipp+ or tra9+ be done to ! trees ! same autumn or w9t] t !y are plant$4 ,x %\ld be def]r$ until ! foll[+ autumn1 9 ord] to all[ ( fre% root action tak+ place4 ,"s ( ! trees c be clipp$ into c]ta9 %apes :5 !y are q small2 b = o!r %apes a mu* l>g] tree is necess>y to comm5ce "w ^u4 ,x is a v wise policy to g to a little extra exp5se on ! orig9al outlay ( ! trees1 r ?an buy small trees t w be ( no use :atev] = ! "w = :i* !y are ultimately int5d$4 ,if ! sugge/ion t ,i made 9 a previ\s *apt] has be5 act$ ^u1 viz41 ! buy+ 9 ( ! requir$ numb] ( trees "s ye>s be=e ! "w ( mak+ ! g>d5 is tak5 9 h&1 & br++ !m on 9 ! home nurs]y b$s until !y h become a suitable size1 & until ! "t arrives :5 !y are requir$ = plant+ 9 _! p]man5t places 9 ! g>d51 ! actual co/ ( ! trees w be r$uc$ to a m9imum1 & bett] & m suitable trees secur$ ?an if !y _h be5 pur*as$ direct f "s ( ! nurs]ym54 ,al?\gh no actual %ap+ ne$ be done to !m until !y are plant$ 9 _! places 9 ! g>d5 :]e !y are to rema91 a little prun+ & regulat+ ( ! %oots may be c>ri$ out4 ,if t is done1 x w be f\nd to be a great advantage 9 adapt+ ! trees to _! future "w4 ,! buy+ ( "y trees f ! nurs]ym5 & gr[+ !m on 9 nurs]y b$s 9 ! res]ve g>d51 until !y are requir$ = plant+ 9 ! g>d51 is a sy/em regul>ly practis$ "h1 & "o t is well wor? a trial4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,v]dant ,,peacock ,to ! p]son desir\s ( hav+ a ,topi>y g>d5 !re are two c\rses op54 ,! fir/ is1 he c ei!r tra9 & %ape 8 own trees1 or else he c pur*ase f "o or o!r ( ! nurs]ym5 :o make clipp$ yews a speciality1 a ready-made collection4 ,trees t are clipp$ into all mann] ( %apes c n[ be pur*as$ f "s ( ! nurs]ym5 ei!r at home or import$ f ! ,cont95t4 ,! sy/em ( buy+ trees t are already %ap$ is an excell5t way ( gett+ a ,topi>y g>d5 made & furni%$ ) trees 9 ! quicke/ possible "t4 ,b x is a plan t is n to be univ]sally recomm5d$ or practis$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 trees ( t description g5]ally h ! v great drawback ( be+ v exp5sive4 ,only ^? :o h to deal ) ! tra9+ ( yews h any idea h[ mu* lab\r & c>e is sp5t on a tree 9 %ap+ x into ev5 ! smalle/ bird2 & x !re=e /&s to reason t ! "t & lab\r nurs]ym5 sp5d on clipp+ & tra9+ ,topi>y trees1 & prep>+ !m = ! m>ket1 mu/ be paid = by ! pur*as]4 ,b !re is ano!r1 & p]haps an ev5 great] objection 9 buy+ trees already tra9$4 ,surely ! p]son :o loves 8 g>d5 & takes a great p]sonal int]e/ 9 ,topi>y "w1 w\ld nev] ?9k ( plant+ x ) trees t h already be5 cut into %apes by o!r h&s4 ,al?\gh !re is no "q ab\t ! excell5ce ( nurs]y tra9$ trees1 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d t ! p]son :o sp5ds ! "t & money 9 =m+ & lay+ out a ,topi>y g>d51 %\ld h ! pati5ce to und]take & c>ry ?r\gh ! tra9+ ( 8 own trees4 ,a f> great] s\rce ( pleasure w be d]iv$ f wat*+ y\r own trees gr[1 & f see+ !m clipp$ & tra9$ ea* ye> into ! p>ticul> %ape t x is int5d$ !y %\ld repres5t4 ,x has be5 v (t5 said1 & said ) a great deal ( tru?1 t a p]son c ) c>e & managem5t tra9 ! yew into almo/ any %ape desir$4 ,ev5 figures or lett]s are easy to =m out ( yew4 ,9 h&l+ ! yew1 y h a k9d ( tree to "w ^u t l5ds itself 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t way to ! "w ( clipp+ & tra9+ into all ! qua9t & curi\s %apes t are f\nd 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5s4 ,! adaptation ( ! tree = ! "w1 & ! ease ) :i* x c be twi/$ & b5t into almo/ any conceivable %ape1 places x f> be=e any o!r = ! p>ticul> "w ,i am describ+4 ,!re=e no fe> ne$ be ent]ta9$ t !re w be any lack ( v>iety ( %apes 9 ! g>d52 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t due c>e is ex]cis$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! "w1 & t ea* individual tree is clipp$ & tra9$ to repres5t an entirely diff]5t design or figure1 z ! case may be4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 any g>d5 t conta9s1 say1 "o hundr$ trees or ev5 m1 out ( all t numb] no two trees ne$ be exactly alike4 ,ea* c be made to repres5t an absolutely diff]5t %ape4 ,( c\rse !re is no reason1 except z a matt] ( ta/e1 :y ea* tree %\ld be made to repres5t q a di/9ct %ape f its neighb\r4 ,x might be consid]$ a bett] plan to plant ! trees 9 pairs1 side by side1 or on ! opposite sides ( a walk1 & !n tra9 & %ape !m into pairs resembl+ ea* o!r 9 e way4 ,tra9+ 9 pairs is an arrangem5t t might f9d fav\r ) "s1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t might be adopt$ ) advantage 9 ! g>d51 especially at ! ends ( pa?s4 ,if x is decid$ to clip "s ( ! trees 9 pairs resembl+ ea* o!r1 !y %\ld be ^? t are plant$ ne> ! ends ( ! pa?1 "o on ea* side4 ,if !re are two trees plant$ "o on ea* side ( ! pa?1 ! effect is bett] if !y are clipp$ into id5tically ! same %ape ?an w\ld be ! case if !y bo? repres5t$ some?+ diff]5t4 ,b ,i ?9k1 on ! :ole1 if !re is any?+ to *oose betwe5 ! two /yles1 ! "o tree "o %ape /yle %\ld h ! pref]5ce1 if only = ! sake ( v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seat ,,at ,,! ,,priory1 ,,gla/onbury ,9 ! matt] ( %apes1 x is no use try+ to lay d[n a h>d & fa/ rule1 z e p]son :o owns1 or int5ds to own1 a ,topi>y g>d51 w almo/ to a c]ta9ty please himself z to ! designs into :i* he w h 8 trees %ap$4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w try to give my read]s "s little idea ( ! diff]5t %apes x is possible to make out ( ! yew tree4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 almo/ any lett] ( ! alphabet c1 ) comp>ative ease1 be repres5t$2 & ne>ly all ( !m c be done ) a s+le tree1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( "s lett]s1 two or ev5 ?ree trees may be requir$ to =m ! lett] z quickly z possible4 ,9 ! %ap+ ( ! lett] ,a1 = in/ance1 two trees w be necess>y = ! purpose4 ,suppose x is int5d$ to make a capital lett] ,a4 ,9 ! fir/ place select two well furni%$ trees five or six feet 9 height1 & n m ?an n9e in*es 9 diamet] at ! base1 & plant !m z already advis$1 f\r1 five1 or ev5 six feet ap>t1 accord+ to ! size x is int5d$ to make ! lett]4 ,"o at lea/ ( ! two trees %\ld h two lead+ %oots gr[+ f x2 "o to be tra9$ /raight up to =m ! inside ( ! lett]1 & ! o!r to be tra9$ across to =m ! middle ( ! lett]4 ,b1 if bo? trees are furni%$ ) two lead+ %oots1 "o ( ea* c be tra9$ across to =m ! cross "p ( ! lett]4 ,if two trees c be got1 ) two lead+ %oots1 z ,i po9t$ out1 !y w equalise ! balance ( ! lett] bett]1 & give a m ev5 appe>ance to ! tree4 ,9 ! case ( ! lett] ,b1 "o tree only w be requir$ = ! purpose1 if ! lett] is int5d$ to be1 say1 eight or n9e feet high4 ,to be exact1 we w suppose x is int5d$ to =m ! lett] ,b1 n9e feet high4 ,! tree t is *os5 = ! purpose %\ld h only "o s+le /em = half ( ! way up ! tree4 ,x %\ld !n bran* into ?ree lead]s or ma9 %oots1 z f ?is po9t ?ree bran*es or /ems w be requir$ to make up ! diff]5t portions ( ! lett]4 ,! /ronge/ or ma9 /em ( ! tree %\ld be made use ( to =m ! /raight side ( ! lett]4 ,!n utilise ! two rema9+ /ems 9 =m+ ! two halves ( ! ,b4 ,! "o t is gr[+ 9 ! mo/ suitable position = ! purpose c be b5t r\nd to =m ! top half2 :ile ! o!r /em is made to d ! same 9 ! case ( ! bottom "p4 ,9 v mu* ! same way ! lett]s ,c1 ,d1 ,e & ,f c be tra9$1 or ev5 any lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,!re is n a s+le lett] f ,a to ,z t x is n possible to tra9 into %ape2 "s are p]haps m difficult ?an o!rs to d1 b !y c all be done1 & well done1 if !y are c>efully h&l$4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ to rememb] is ! select+ ( trees t are mo/ suitable = ! purpose4 ,always aim at f9d+ trees ) ! requisite numb] ( %oots t w be requir$ to =m ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! lett] x is int5d$ to make4 ,if x is ! int5tion ( ! ,topi>i/ to =m "o or m lett]s ( ! alphabet1 trees = ! purpose %\ld if possible be select$ "s ye>s be=e be+ want$1 & %\ld be prep>$ = ! "w int5d$4 ,trees t are s prep>$ be=eh& w imm$iately !y are plant$ 9 ! g>d5 be 9 a fit condition to %ape into lett]s at once4 ,if ! trees are treat$ 9 ?is way1 x w 9 a m>k$ degree d away ) ! necessity ( keep+ ! lett]s = sev]al ye>s 9 ! g>d5 9 ! ugly fir/ /ages ( =mation4 ,!re mu/1 ( c\rse1 be always a "t :5 any tree t is be+ tra9$ looks unsightly to ! p]son :o is new to ! art ( ,topi>y "w4 ,9 ! tra9+ ( lett]s especially1 x w be f\nd mu* saf]1 & c]ta9ly a great deal easi]1 if iron frameworks are us$4 ,?is c]ta9ly simplifies ! "w to a great ext5t4 ,by us+ a light framework1 a m equally proportion$ lett] c be made ?an w be ! case if ! m r\gh & ready me?od ( us+ wood5 supports be practis$4 ,( c\rse x is q possible to tra9 almo/ any lett]1 & succe$ 9 mak+ a fairly good job ( x1 ) ! aid ( a little assi/ance 9 ! %ape ( a few wood5 supports1 etc4 ,b wood is nev] v satisfactory1 = ?is reason--t :5 x is us$1 x w h to be 9 mo/ cases gre51 9 ord] to make x pliable & easy to b5d4 ,gre5 wood has a t5d5cy to decay v soon1 & ! fir/ /rong w9ds t come w v likely break ! supports1 & bl[ ! :ole ?+ to pieces1 or at lea/ damage x s z to make x require to be re-tra9$ aga94 ,9 ! process ( tra9+ yew or any o!r tree into lett]s1 ! appe>ance ( ea* lett] w be greatly improv$ if f "o & a half to two feet ( /em be left betwe5 ! gr\nd & ! comm5cem5t ( ! lett]4 ,?is /em %\ld be aft]w>ds plant$ r\nd ) small boxwood trees1 & clipp$ s z to =m a p$e/al1 :i* may be ( any %ape desir$4 ,!re are two ways or %apes into :i* lett]s c be tra9$1 ei!r ! r\nd or ! squ>e4 ,! squ>e way ( tra9+ !m is ! "o ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d to my read]s1 f an ornam5tal po9t ( view1 b x is at ! same "t ! mo/ difficult me?od4 ,z ,i expla9$ 9 my la/ *apt]1 any?+ ) squ>e edges is m difficult to clip exactly "r ?an a r\nd object4 ,9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 ! v>iety ( %apes t x is possible to tra9 are s _m & v>i$ t ,i w only give a few ( ^? t c ei!r be copi$ f ! old g>d5s1 or =m$ f ! ,topi>i/'s own ideas4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 !re are ! v>i\s %apes ( ! figures requir$ 9 ! game ( *ess4 ,birds ( any description are easy to =m into %ape 9 ei!r yew or boxwood4 ,:5 !y are well tra9$ & prop]ly %ap$1 no?+ has a bett] appe>ance 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 ?an ! v>i\s %apes ( birds4 ,! %ap+ ( animals is m difficult to manage2 b ,i h se5 "s good specim5s1 notably a lion & cr[n1 ! ,h[>d cre/1 t we h got 9 ! g>d5 "h at ,lev5s4 ,!n !re are ! v>i\s o!r %apes t are to be f\nd 9 ! old ,topi>y g>d5s1 su* z b>ri/]s' wigs1 ,indian wigwams1 summ]-h\ses1 helmets1 busbys1 bottles ( almo/ any description or size1 umbrellas1 hats or spirals ( v>i\s =ms4 ,^! may be ei!r tra9$ z s+le trees1 or =m$ into ar*es4 ,among ! new] %apes t ,i h se51 :i* h rec5tly be5 introduc$ into ! ,topi>y art1 are ya*ts1 boats1 jugs1 etc4 ,! diff]5t sizes & %apes ( jugs are s v>i$1 t any p]son :o fancies ! tra9+ ( !m 9 8 g>d5 ne$ n lack v>iety ( =m1 & !y are %apes t are1 comp>atively speak+1 v easy to tra94 ,!re are also a great _m v pretty %apes t c be =m$ out ( ! yew or ! boxwood tree )\t be+ int5d$ to repres5t any?+ 9 p>ticul>1 fur!r ?an t !y are tra9$ & %ap$ simply z ornam5ts to help to add fur!r to ! embelli%m5t ( ! g>d54 ,x is n my int5tion to try to expla9 ! v>i\s ways ( tra9+ all ! diff]5t %apes ,i h po9t$ out4 ,t 9 itself w\ld require a *apt]2 z ! diff]5t ways ( tra9+ a yew or any o!r tree are s num]\s1 to atta9 :at is practically ! same end1 t ! p]son responsible = ! "w w h to be guid$ greatly by circum/ances & accord+ to ! p>ticul> tree he has got to "w ^u4 ,9 e ,topi>y g>d5 !re %\ld be at lea/ f\r or five diff]5t ar*es ( v>i\s designs4 ,!re are v few ?+s t are m effective 9 any g>d5 ?an a few well tra9$ ar*es1 & 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 if !y are n m effective ?an 9 ! mod]n g>d51 !y are at any rate m 9 keep+ ) ! g5]al surr\nd+s ( ! place4 ,if x has be5 decid$ to tra9 sev]al ar*es 9 ! g>d51 ea* "o %\ld be q a diff]5t %ape f its neighb\r4 ,!re is su* a v>iety ( diff]5t %apes to be se5 9 almo/ any g>d5 :]e ar*es are tra9$1 t !re is no occasion = two ar*es 9 "o g>d5 to be simil> 9 design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s ,,umbrella1 ,,indian ,,wigwam ,,& ,,ea/ ,,walk ,:5 ! %apes h be5 c>efully ?\ght out1 let no "t be lo/ 9 mak+ a />t on ! clipp+ & tra9+ ( !m1 especially if ! trees are f> en\gh advanc$ 9 gr[? to beg9 "w on4 ,x is simply loss ( "t to all[ ! trees to keep gr[+1 ye> aft] ye>1 :5 !y might be hav+ "s tra9+ done to advantage t[>ds ! clipp+ & %ap+ ( !m4 ,x is a v great mi/ake to all[ "y trees to gr[ = sev]al ye>s aft] !y are l>ge en\gh to be fit = tra9+4 ,z soon z ev] a tree is l>ge en\gh to beg9 "w on accord+ to ! %ape ! tree is int5d$ to be1 a />t %\ld be made1 or else x w be f\nd :5 ! "w is begun1 t "s bran*es t h tak5 ?ree or f\r ye>s to gr[ w h to be cut away altoge!r1 aft] s]v+ no o!r purpose ?an exhau/+ 9 an unnecess>y mann] ! /r5g? ( ! tree2 :]eas if ! tree _h be5 clipp$ soon]1 ^! bran*es c\ld h be5 utilis$ 9 =m+ its v>i\s p>ts1 or else remov$ f ! tree4 ,9 ! mak+ ( a ,topi>y g>d51 no?+ %\ld be done to ! trees 9 a hurry2 b on ! o!r h&1 no m "t %\ld be lo/ ?an c possibly be avoid$ 9 ha/5+ on ! "w ( %ap+1 & 9 gett+ ! g>d5 furni%$ 9 ! quicke/ possible "t4 ,no "y %oots or bran*es %\ld be cut away t c possibly be us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! v>i\s %apes2 b 9 ! tra9+ ( "y trees special c>e %\ld be giv5 to !m1 & p>ticul> notice tak5 t !y are n all[$ to make too rapid gr[?4 ,9 a v few ye>s trees w be injur$ to a great ext5t ?r\gh be+ all[$ to gr[ too quickly4 ,m especially does ?is apply to h$ges4 ,no matt] h[ mu* x is desir$ to get a h$ge quickly gr[n 9 a c]ta9 place1 :e!r = %elt] or any?+ else1 x is ! greate/ possible mi/ake to sacrifice /r5g? & sub/ance to a desire to promote rapid gr[?1 a result t is c]ta9 to occur if a h$ge is all[$ to gr[ eight or t5 feet be=e x is /opp$4 ,no?+ %\ld be done to a h$ge 9 ! way ( clipp+ ! same autumn or w9t] x is plant$1 & p]haps n ev5 ! foll[+ autumn2 b ea* ye> aft]w>ds x %\ld be /opp$1 & nev] all[$ to make m ?an ?ree or f\r in*es ( gr[? ea* ye>4 ,by foll[+ ! sy/em ( /opp+ ! gr[? e ye>1 ! l5g? ( "t requir$ to gr[ a h$ge eight or t5 feet 9 height is greatly ext5d$4 ,b ! result w amply repay ! extra "t t has be5 tak5 to gr[ x2 y w get a h$ge full ( /r5g? & sub/ance1 & well furni%$ ) "y gr[?s f top to bottom4 ,b if ! o!r sy/em is foll[$ ( all[+ ! h$ge to get to its full height be=e any clipp+ is done1 y w h a h$ge t is lack+ 9 /r5g? & sub/ance1 easily bl[n out ( %ape by e w9d1 & also "o t x is v difficult to clip 9 any?+ l a prop] way1 on acc\nt ( its _m /rong bran*es gr[+ t[>ds ! outside1 t %\ld h be5 remov$ to make room = a ?ick] gr[?4 ,ea* ye> :5 ! "w ( clipp+ is be+ done1 a %>p look-out %\ld be kept = all small bran*es or %oots t are incl9$ to gr[ t[>ds ! outside ( ! tree or h$ge1 & ^! mu/ be remov$ :5ev] !y are se54 ,9 equal =ce does ?is apply to bo? h$ges & trees1 & x is a "p ( ! "w 9 a ,topi>y g>d5 :i* if n c>efully att5d$ to1 w v soon cause a great deal ( h>m4 ,^? %oots 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s w gr[ into /rong bran*es1 & become a regul> nuisance 9 ! way ( keep+ !m con/antly ti$ 92 & ev5tually x is possible t !y w h to be remov$ altoge!r1 z x is n always easy to keep bran*es ( t description ti$ back )9 ! g5]al level ( ! h$ge4 ,no?+1 moreov]1 gives a worse appe>ance to a h$ge or tree ?an "o ( ^! b>e bran*es project+ beyond ! g5]al level1 p]haps entirely devoid ( "y gr[?4 ,9 ! case ( "o ( ^! bran*es t ,i h describ$ hav+ be5 all[$ to gr[ = "s ye>s1 & !n f\nd necess>y to be remov$ by be+ cut out altoge!r1 ! disfigurem5t t w be caus$ to ! h$ge or tree w be v app>5t = "s ye>s aft]w>ds2 :]eas1 if su* bran*es _h be5 remov$ ea* ye> z !y made _! appe>ance1 no disfigurem5t w\ld h result$ ?r\gh _! removal2 r w\ld ! gr[? be improv$ to a great ext5t1 inasmu* z1 :]e ea* %oot or bran* is cut (f a numb] ( "y gr[?s w break away1 :i* w help to give ! h$ge a firm & compact appe>ance1 a ?+ t is greatly to be desir$ 9 all clipp$ h$ges or trees4 ,= ! g5]al "w ( clipp+ & tra9+ trees 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d t ! old-fa%ion$ %e>s be us$4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t makes ( clipp+ %e>s to be got n[4 ,"s ( !m h be5 giv5 a trial "h2 b = g5]al purposes !y 7 n f\nd to be v well suit$ to ! "w4 ,!re are exceptions1 ( c\rse1 :]e !y might be us$ ) advantage1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( a privet h$ge1 :]e ! surface is smoo? & ev5 & ! gr[? s(t & easily cut4 ,b = all g5]al purposes1 ! old /yle ( %e>s is ! be/4 ,x is v (t5 ! case t 9 ! "w ( clipp+ a well tra9$ tree1 x is necess>y to cut ! gr[?s (f "o by "o1 & x is 9 a simil> in/ance t ! old-fa%ion$ %e>s ) _! %>p po9ts h ! advantage ov] ! new] make ( ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arm-,,*air ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,,! ,,g5]al ,,managem5t ,,( ,a ,,topi>y ,,g>d5 ,9 previ\s *apt]s ,i h dealt almo/ entirely ) ! g5]al =mation ( a ,topi>y g>d52 ! soils & manures t are mo/ suitable = ! cultivation & welf>e ( ! yew2 & ,i tri$ to give my read]s "s idea ( ! g5]al treatm5t requir$ 9 ! managem5t ( bo? old & "y trees4 ,9 ?is *apt] x is my int5tion to expla91 z cle>ly z possible1 ! ye>ly managem5t ( a ,topi>y g>d54 ,! g5]al r\t9e ( "w 9 ! ,=mal or ,dut* g>d5 is v mu* ! same z 9 any o!r g>d51 )1 ( c\rse1 ! exception ( ! clipp+ & tra9+ ( ! trees4 ,t 9 itself adds a v great am\nt ( extra lab\r to ! g5]al "w4 ,b =tunately x is "w t requires to be done at ! slacke/ "t ( ! ye> = g>d5+1 viz41 ! autumn4 ,if ! g>d5 is an old e/abli%$ "o1 ! arrang+ & plant+ ( ! diff]5t b$s w h be5 c>ri$ out _m ye>s previ\s1 v possibly at ! "t ! trees 7 plant$1 at ! f\ndation ( ! g>d51 al?\gh !re is no d\bt !y w h be5 subject to _m alt]ations dur+ ! ye>s t h elaps$ s9ce ! "t :5 ! g>d5 0 fir/ =m$4 ,b 9 ?is *apt] x is ) ! plant+ & arrang+ ( ! v>i\s fl[]+ plants 9 ! b$s ( a g>d5 t has be5 laid out on ! pr9ciple recomm5d$ 9 an e>li] *apt] ( ?is "w--on ! =mation ( ! ,topi>y g>d5--t ,i int5d *iefly to deal )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cottag]',s ,,pride ,! plant+ ( ! b$s & _! v>i\s cont5ts is 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 a v important "p ( ! "w1 & "o t requires bo? a great am\nt ( skill & =e?\ght1 z to a great ext5t on ! arrang+ ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( fl[]+ plants 9 ! diff]5t b$s w dep5d ! future beauty ( ! g>d54 ,( c\rse ,i d n mean to imply t ! arrangem5t ( ! v>i\s b$s is ( z mu* importance z ! plant+ ( ! trees1 z !y diff] 9 ?is respect s f>1 t once ! trees 9 a ,topi>y g>d5 are plant$1 !y %\ld "u no circum/ances :atev] be alt]$2 b 9 ! case ( ! b$s1 !y may be subject to _m alt]ations1 z circum/ances may occur4 ,! yew by itself is n a v bright or attractive tree1 b :5 y see x plant$ 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 & clipp$ into all k9ds ( unique %apes & figures1 & all ! available space 9 ! b$s is utilis$ = ! purpose ( mass+ ei!r h]bace\s or b$d+ plants1 ! effect is extremely beautiful2 x is !n t "o sees a g>d5 ) a *>m & beauty ab\t x t is v seldom if ev] met ) 9 ! m mod]n g>d54 ,x is q evid5t t1 9 mo/ ( ! old =mal g>d5s1 glass accommodation has nev] to any great ext5t be5 consid]$ necess>y4 ,yet !re is no?+ ( m importance to ! g>d5] 9 *>ge ( a l>ge ,topi>y g>d5 ?an pl5ty ( glass accommodation = /or+ ! v>i\s b$d+ plants dur+ w9t] & spr+4 ,9 =m] ye>s bo? ! p]sons :o own$ ! ,topi>y g>d5s1 & ! g>d5]s z well1 seem to h dep5d$ to a great ext5t on ! diff]5t v>ieties ( annuals = ! embelli%m5t ( _! g>d5s4 ,b annuals 9 a g>d5 su* z ! "o ,i am speak+ (1 nev] h ! same effect among ! yews z ! m bright & %[y b$d+ plants4 ,i q agree ) a great _m p 9 _! cont5tion t glass /ructures are altoge!r out ( place 9 ! ,topi>y g>d54 ,b provision %\ld be made = !m 9 "s way or o!r1 & z a rule "s place c be f\nd = ! erection ( a few h\ses )\t cla%+ ) ! o!r features ( ! g>d54 ,if ! g>d5 has be5 laid out on a l>ge scale1 & conta9s a quantity ( l>ge b$s1 z reg>ds ! "w ( arrang+ & decid+ :at ea* b$ is to be plant$ )1 ! p]son :o is responsible w h to be guid$ by circum/ances to a c]ta9 ext5t accord+ to ! accommodation t is already at h&1 or is to be provid$ = ! rais+ ( b$d+ plants4 ,9 e g>d51 & especially 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 ! b$s %\ld be s arrang$ t !y w yield z f> z possible a cont9ual %[ ( bloom = z _m mon?s ( ! ye> z fl[]s w bloom 9 ! g>d54 ,a cont9ual supply ( bloom = ! longe/ possible "t is ! pr9cipal object to be aim$ at4 ,( c\rse 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! b$s x w be necess>y to plant "s ( !m ) h]bace\s plants2 o!rs may be plant$ ) roses2 z bo? roses & h]bace\s plants look well 9 any g>d54 ,b 9 ! us+ ( p]5nial plants ( any k9d1 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d t !y %\ld be plant$ m 9 ! backgr\nd & 9 l>ge bord]s1 in/ead ( 9 ! m important b$s 9 ! g>d54 ,^! la/ %\ld be res]v$ = b$d+ plants1 z no matt] :e!r roses1 or any o!r k9d ( plants1 be us$1 ! same brilliant & desirable effect c nev] be obta9$ z is to be _h f ! m %[y & m easily mass$ b$d+ plants4 ,9 ! plant+ ( h]bace\s or any v>iety ( plants1 exceptional c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! plants f> en\gh away f ! trees1 s z to avoid all injuri\s effects f ! summ]'s gr[? com+ 9 contact ) ! yews4 ,if ! practice ( plant+ close up to ! trees is foll[$1 on purpose to avoid b>e pat*es 9 ! bord]s1 ! result w be disa/r\s to ! m important "p ( ! g>d51 viz41 ! ,topi>y "w4 ,b z b>e pat*es are always unsightly 9 ! bord]1 !y %\ld be avoid$ z f> z possible by plant+ ! v dw>f gr[+ h]bace\s plants 9 close proximity to ! trees4 ,x is a plan t c v well be foll[$ 9 p]5nial plant+1 b x is m difficult to manage 9 ! m important "w ( b$d+ out = ! summ] mon?s1 especially if l>ge & tall gr[+ plants are ext5sively us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,swan ,,cut ,,9 ,,box ,,at ,,compton ,,wynyates ,illu/ration3 ,,cottage ,,topi>y ,,at ,,nor? ,,weald1 ,,essex ,if x %\ld happ51 z ,i rem>k$ be=e 9 ?is *apt]1 t ! glass accommodation is limit$1 x is ( p>ticul> importance t ! utmo/ use be made ( :at !re is at h& = ! /or+ & propagat+ ( b$d+ plants1 m especially if ! requirem5ts ( ! place are su* z to make an autumn display ( bloom "o ( ! mo/ important features 9 ! g>d54 ,if su* is ! case1 x w be necess>y :5 ! b$d+ season arrives1 to be c>eful t only su* plants are us$ z w be at _! be/ 9 ! autumn1 m especially 9 ! mo/ important b$s4 ,no attempt :atev] %\ld be made at c>pet b$d+2 x is a /yle ( b$d+ t has v little to recomm5d x at any "t & c]ta9ly none 9 ! ,topi>y g>d52 = "o reason x is mu* too /iff = a g>d5 :]e !re are a great _m clipp$ yews4 ,( c\rse 9 a new g>d5 t has be5 rec5tly laid out & :]e bo? ! trees & ! box edg+ are 9 a small /ate1 ! sy/em ( c>pet b$d+ may be practis$ by ^? :o wi% to entirely disc>d ,nature f _! g>d5s4 ,b if ! g>d5 is an old "o1 full ( old specim5 yews1 ! l>g] & tall] gr[+ ! b$d+ plants are t are us$ = b$d+ out purposes1 ! bett]4 ,i w "n a few ( ! b$d+ plants t are ext5sively us$ 9 ! g>d5s "h at ,lev5s2 b ( c\rse1 z is well kn[n1 ! g>d5s "h are among ! olde/ examples ( ,topi>y "w 9 ,engl&4 ,!re are "s v>ieties ( b$d+ plants t are f> m effective ?an o!rs :5 plant$ among yews1 & among ! mo/ suitable1 !re is no?+ t has m effect ?an ! brilliant sc>let ,lobelia c>d9alis & its v>ieties4 ,"s objection may p]haps be tak5 to ! plant by "s p1 b :5 plant$ 9 l>ge masses among ! sombre yews 9 a ,topi>y g>d51 ,i h n ! slighte/ hesitation 9 say+ x has no equal3 :5 gr[+ 9 l>ge masses ) a backgr\nd ( gre5 yew & ! sun %9+ on ! d>k foliage & brilliant sc>let fl[]s1 ! effect is really beautiful4 ,p]haps ! only drawback to ! v>i\s v>ieties ( ,lobelia c>d9alis is ! difficulty exp]i5c$ by "s 9 keep+ x ov] w9t]2 b if in/ead ( foll[+ ! old sy/em ( p>tly dry+ x (f 9 w9t]1 directly x is lift$ out ( ! b$s1 "o places x 9 a frame or gre5h\se ) a g5tle heat & gives x a fair am\nt ( wat]1 ?us enc\rag+ x to />t into gr[? at once1 ! difficulty w to a v great ext5t be done away )4 ,ano!r fav\rite plant "h1 & "o t is greatly us$ = b$d+ out purposes 9 ! ,topi>y g>d51 is ! beautiful old-fa%ion$ plant ,salvia pat5s4 ,l ! sc>let lobelias1 ,salvia pat5s %\ld be l>gely gr[n 9 e g>d5 :]e !re are a lot ( yews4 ,! brilliant blue ( ! fl[]s aga9/ ! d>k gre5 ( ! yew trees has a v /rik+ effect inde$1 ei!r :5 plant$ 9 masses by itself or mix$ 9 ! b$s along ) ! sc>let lobelia or ! tall yell[ ,calceol>ias amplexicaulis4 ,b ! foliage ( ! ,salvia pat5s has n ! same %[y appe>ance z t ( ! ,lobelia c>d9alis1 b ?is is a po9t t c be ov]look$1 z ! brilliant blue ( ! fl[]s fully comp5sates "o = ! lack ( beauty 9 ! plant1 & x r>ely happ5s among ! g5]al /ock ( b$d+ plants t "o c f9d plants ) foliage & fl[]s equally effective4 ,b 9 my op9ion1 if a fault is to be f\nd ) ! ,salvia pat5s z a b$d+ plant1 x is its inability to )/& wet wea!r4 ,?r\gh t cause x is v (t5 d5ud$ ( its fl[]s1 b x v soon revives ) a few bright days4 ,among o!r plants t are extremely useful = b$d+ purposes 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 are ! tall] gr[+ v>ieties ( fus*ias t are h>dy en\gh to /& plant+ out 9 ! fl[] g>d51 & m especially if ! yews are old & l>ge2 fus*ias plant$ ei!r 9 clumps or mass$ alone 9 l>ge b$s ) a gr\ndwork ( violas1 or "s o!r suitable plants1 w give a v /rik+ effect among yews1 & !y h ! additional advantage ( giv+ a good %[ ( bloom dur+ a mild autumn long aft] ! majority ( b$d+ plants h f9i%$ fl[]+1 :i* is a quality t ought to recomm5d !m 9 any g>d5 z well z ! ,topi>y "o4 ,9 mo/ g>d5s1 v>iety ( plants is consid]$ a necessity 9 ! "w ( b$d+ out1 & space w n p]mit me to po9t out ! special qualities ( ea* & e diff]5t v>iety ( plant t may be us$ 9 ! embelli%m5t ( a ,topi>y g>d51 b ,i w give ! names ( a few t ,i h f\nd mo/ suitable & effective = b$d+ out 9 a g>d5 :]e ! yew tree is ext5sively gr[n4 ,! diff]5t types ( antirrh9ums1 bo? dw>f & tall gr[+ v>ieties1 calceol>ias1 cannas1 begonias1 heliotropes1 yell[ & :ite m>gu]ites1 gladioli1 & ! v>i\s v>ieties ( g]aniums4 ,g]aniums1 & m especially ! ivy leav$ v>ieties1 %\ld be giv5 a place 9 ! g>d5 if b$s t are suitable = !m bloom+ well c be f\nd = !m4 ,gr[n z pyramids or tra9$ ov] a wire framework ?ree or f\r feet high1 ! effect is v pretty4 ,9 all ! b$d+ arrangem5ts ( a ,topi>y g>d51 a natural appe>ance is a ?+ t %\ld be /udi$ & z mu* z possible s\ght4 ,always rememb] t 9 ! practice ( clipp+ & tra9+ yews into all k9ds ( %apes1 ,nature is to a v great ext5t disc>d$1 !re=e !re is all ! m reason :y x %\ld be z mu* z possible enc\rag$ among ! plants 9 ! fl[] g>d52 all /iffness %\ld be avoid$ & z little ty+ z possible done2 ?\gh ( c\rse a c]ta9 am\nt ( ty+ w be necess>y to keep ! w9d & /orm f break+ ! plants1 unless1 inde$1 ! g>d5 is a %elt]$ "o4 ,!re is ano!r po9t t %\ld be aim$ at 9 ! old =mal g>d51 & t is1 to always keep ! g>d5 well suppli$ ) old-fa%ion$ fl[]s4 ,i c]ta9ly d n mean x to be und]/ood t none ( ! new & beautiful v>ieties ( ! diff]5t species ( g>d5 plants t are be+ introduc$ e ye> %\ld n be giv5 a place 9 ! g>d51 b :at ,i want to be und]/ood is ?is1 t !re %\ld n be a :olesale cle>+ out ( ! old fav\rites to make room = ! new ones4 ,z ,i po9t$ out be=e1 ! g5]al r\t9e ( "w 9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 is1 ) ! exception ( ! clipp+ & tra9+ "p ( ! "w1 practically ! same z 9 any o!r g>d54 ,if !re is a kit*5 g>d51 a necessity t almo/ e g>d51 :e!r ,topi>y or o!rwise1 is almo/ c]ta9 to h atta*$ to x1 ! "w ( look+ aft] & att5d+ to ! v>i\s k9ds ( vegetables w h to be se5 to1 & a trim & tidy appe>ance kept 9 x1 m especially if x is comb9$ ) ! ,topi>y g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,,lev5s ,,g>d5s1 ,,%[+ ,,lett] ,b ,,& ,,lion ,if ! g>d5 has be5 laid out on ! pr9ciple recomm5d$ 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) ! ,=mation ( a ,topi>y ,g>d51 & ! pa?s 9 ! fl[] g>d5 & gr\nds are compos$ pr9cipally ( grass1 a fair am\nt ( c>e & att5tion w h to be giv5 to !m to keep !m 9 prop] ord]4 ,grass pa?s are1 & always h be51 "o ( ! pr9cipal features ( ! =mal g>d51 & no am\nt ( lab\r & c>e %\ld be consid]$ wa/$ 9 keep+ !m 9 good condition4 ,grass pa?s require f> m lab\r & att5tion 9 keep+ !m 9 prop] ord] ?an ^? t are compos$ ( "s h>d sub/ratum1 especially if !re is a consid]able am\nt ( traffic on !m2 if su* is ! case1 x w be necess>y to g ov] !m e spr+ & re-turf places t h got worn out1 aft]w>ds well roll+ !m2 !n dur+ ! summ] & autumn mon?s !y w require con/ant att5tion 9 ! way ( m[+ & 9 keep+ ! edges well clipp$ s z to ma9ta9 a clean & tidy appe>ance4 ,9 ! ,topi>y g>d5 x %\ld always be rememb]$ t ev]y?+ %\ld be kept 9 z trim & =mal a condition z possible1 ) ! exception ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( plants or %rubs t h be5 plant$ = ! purpose ( giv+ col\r to ! g>d52 among/ ^?1 ,nature %\ld z f> z is consi/5t be enc\rag$2 b ! walks1 b$s & bord]s1 & ev]y?+ else 9 ! g>d5 %\ld be made to pres5t z =mal an appe>ance z possible4 ,if ! g>d5 is a =mal "o1 let z mu* z possible 9 x be made to h a =mal appe>ance4 ,9 writ+ on ! ,topi>y g>d51 ,i h p]haps made x appe> to "s ( ^? :o may read x z hide\sly unnatural1 & ,i am aw>e !re are pl5ty :o ma9ta9 t x is a /yle ( g>d5+ t has no?+ to recomm5d or enc\rage ab\t x4 ,b ^? :o ?9k t ! =mal g>d5 is )\t its *>m make a v great mi/ake1 z 9 e old _w g>d5 !re is a *>m t belongs to x only4 ,9 ! woods & ! p>ks let u by all means /udy & cultivate ,nature z f> z possible2 b 9 ! g>d5s we %\ld h ! trees to pres5t z neat & =mal an appe>ance z possible1 a ?+ t c only be _h by ! aid ( con/ant clipp+ or prun+4 ,= a great _m ye>s pa/1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 ! ,topi>y g>d5 has be5 to a v l>ge ext5t a ?+ t belongs to o!r ages2 especially does ?is apply to ! =mation ( new g>d5s2 b !re is n want+ evid5ce at ! pres5t day t x is aga9 com+ into fav\r1 & des]v$ly s4 ,! ,topi>y g>d5 has its drawbacks1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( ! great numb] ( ye>s x takes to br+ x to p]fection & ! am\nt ( extra lab\r t requires to be sp5t ov] ! clipp+ at v>i\s p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,!re is "o ?+ to rememb] ab\t ! ,topi>y g>d51 x is all "w4 ,p]haps at ! pres5t "t ,topi>y g>d5+ is a subject ( f> great] int]e/ to ri* m5 9 ,am]ica ?an x is ov] "h1 & z g>d5+ might practically be said to be 9 its infancy 9 t great c\ntry1 !re is h>dly any reason :y ! art ( ,topi>y "w may n h a great future 9 /ore = x 9 ,am]ica4 ,,index ,a4 ,addison1 #bd1 #be4 ,age ( clipp$ trees1 #ce4 ,alphabet 9 ,topi>y "w1 #fc1 #fd4 ,amh]/'s1 ,hon4 ,alicia1 8,hi/ory ( ,g>d5+ 9 ,engl&10 #ac1 #ae4 ,ascott1 ,topi>y g>d5 at1 #cf4 ,b4 ,bacon1 ,"l1 #f1 #bb4 ,batty ,langley1 #bj4 ,beaumont1 #ag1 #cg4 ,box edg+s1 #dc4 ,box trees1 #dg1 #ef4 ,bridgeman1 #cj1 #ca4 ,br[n1 #ca4 ,c4 ,canons ,a%by1 #ac4 ,catalogue ( ,topi>y1 ,pope's1 #bi1 #cj4 ,*eal ,sons1 ,messrs ,j41 #cc4 ,clipp+1 #ej1 #ed4 ---- be/ "t =1 #ea4 ---- wor/ "t =1 #ef4 ,cutbu% ,son1 ,messrs ,wm41 #cc4 ,cutbu%1 ,mr ,h]b]t ,j41 #cc4 ,d4 ,danesfield1 ,m>l[1 #cf4 ,de ,c]ceau1 #aj4 ,details ( g5]al managem5t1 #gj4 ,dut* comm]cial ,topi>y "w1 #cd4 ,dut* v]dant sculpture1 #ah4 ,e4 ,e>ly hi/ory ( ,topi>y1 #f4 ,elizabe?an g>d5s1 #ab1 #bb4 ,elva/on ,ca/le1 #cb4 ,evelyn1 ,john1 #ac1 #ah4 ,f4 ,fanta/ic ,topi>y designs1 #cj4 ,fl[]s & ,topi>y1 #da1 #db1 #gj1 #ge4 ,=mation ( a ,topi>y g>d51 #cg1 #fj1 #fa4 ,fri> ,p>k1 ,topi>y g>d5 at1 #cf4 ,g4 ,g]>d1 #ad4 ,gold5 age ( ,topi>y1 #ab4 ,gordon1 ,mr ,g41 on mod]n ,topi>y1 #cb4 ,grass pa?s1 #gf1 #gg4 ,grecian =mal g>d5s1 #f1 #g4 ,h4 ,hampton ,c\rt1 #e1 #ag1 #ba4 ,h>rison1 ,wm41 #ac1 #ae4 ,h$ges1 #ed1 #fh4 ,hesl+ton1 #ae4 ,hibb]d1 ,%irley1 on ,topi>y1 #d1 #ab4 ,hol9%$'s ,*ronicles1 #ac1 #ae4 ,holly1 #dg1 #ef4 ,hunt+ sc5e 9 ,topi>y "w1 #af4 ,k4 ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s1 #ah4 ,k5t1 #ca4 ,l4 ,labyr9?s & mazes1 #aj4 ,lawson1 #ae4 ,le ,notre1 #af4 ,lev5s ,hall1 ,we/morel&1 #ag1 #cb1 #cg1 #gc4 ,limit ( ,topi>y1 #ah4 ,london ,wise1 #ah4 ,l[e1 ,mr ,john1 on ,topi>y1 #ab4 ,m4 ,manur+1 #de4 ,mason on ,addison & ,pope1 #bd4 ,miln]1 ,mr ,h4 ,e41 on ,topi>y1 #ai4 ,m#8,into% on ,topi>y1 #ba4 ,moor ,p>k1 ,dut* g>d5 at1 #ag4 ,mul*+1 #dh4 ,n4 ,ni*olson1 ,mr ,g41 on ,topi>y1 #d4 ,o4 ,old trees1 #ej4 ,p4 ,p>k9son1 #ad4 ,plant+1 #de4 ---- "t =1 #df4 ,pl9y's g>d51 #g4 ,pope1 #bd4 ,prices ( ,topi>y designs1 #ce4 ,privet1 #ad1 #df4 ,r4 ,revival ( ,topi>y1 #cb4 ,roman ,topi>y "w1 #g4 ,rosamund's ,b[]1 #aj4 ,rosem>y1 #e4 ,s4 ,salvia pat5s1 #gd4 ,satire on ,topi>y1 #be1 #bg1 #bi4 ,sayes ,c\rt1 ,dept=d1 #ai4 ,%e>s1 #fi4 ,siege ( ,troy1 #ah4 ,site = ,topi>y g>d51 #ch4 ,soil ---- ----1 #dd4 ,t4 ,temple1 ,sir ,wm41 #ag1 #bh1 #ca4 ,topi>y & fl[] g>d5+1 #da1 #db1 #gj1 #ge4 ,topi>y designs1 mod]n1 #cd1 #ce1 #fc4 ,topi>y1 etymology (1 #d4 ---- g>d5s1 =mation (1 #cg4 ---- ---- mod]n1 #cf4 ---- 9 ,am]ica1 #gh4 ---- ov]done1 #ai4 ,tra9+1 #ei1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg4 ,ty+1 #ec4 ,v4 ,v]dant sculpture1 #bg4 ,v]sailles1 #af4 ,w4 ,william & ,m>y1 ,topi>y 9 ! reign (1 #ag4 ,witley ,c\rt1 #cf4 ,wright1 ,mr ,w4 ,p41 on ,topi>y1 #cb4 ,y4 ,yew tree1 #ae1 #dg4 ---- ---- gold51 #dg4 ,"y clipp$ trees1 #eh4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,h&books ( ,practical ,g>d5+ ,,edit$ ,,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net ea*4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,vol4 ,i4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,asp>agus4 ,) sections on ,cel]y1 ,salsify1 ,scorzon]a1 & ,seakale2 & a *apt] on _! cook+ & prep>ation = ! table4 ,by ,,*>les ,,ilott1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,lectur] on ,horticulture to ! ,cornwall ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 8,! "w ( a speciali/4 ,mr ,ilott gives u--= a matt] ( half-a-cr[n--! ripe exp]i5ce ( a life-"t40 ,! ,speak]4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,gre5h\se4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,tallack1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,head ,g>d5] at ,%ipley ,hall4 8,a s]viceable h&book = ! practical g>d5]1 writt5 ) exceptional k ( horticultural "w40 ,! ,outlook4 ,vol4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,grape4 ,) a *apt] on ! ,hi/ory & ,decorative ,value ( ! ,v9es4 ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,,w>d1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 late ,head ,g>d5] at ,long=d ,ca/le4 8,a m9e ( useful in=mation40 ,! ,/ ,james's ,gazette4 ,vol4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,fl[]s4 ,by ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,*ronicle ( a ,corni% ,g>d540 8,all :o wi% = a real old-fa%ion$ g>d5 %\ld c]ta9ly /udy ?is mo/ excell5t & practical book40 ,! ,bookman4 ,vol4 ,v4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,bulbs4 ,by ,s4 ,,arnott1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ( ,c>se?orne1 ne> ,dumfries4 ,toge!r ) an introductory *apt] on ! ,botany ( ,bulbs by ! ,editor4 8,skill$ & in/ructive4 ,x notably enri*es ! s]ies 9 :i* x appe>s40 ,! ,scotsman4 ,vol4 ,,vi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,apple4 ,by ,h4 ,h4 ,,?omas1 ,assi/ant ,editor ( ,! ,g>d51 late ( ! ,royal ,g>d5s1 ,w9dsor4 ,toge!r ) *apt]s by ! ,editor on ! ,hi/ory & ,cook+ ( ! ,apple & ! ,prep>ation ( ,cid]4 8,?is is a mo/ useful volume1 :i* e gr[]1 :e!r = 8 own use or = ! m>ket1 %\ld consult40 ,! ,spectator4 ,vol4 ,,vii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,vegetables4 ,by ,,george ,,wy!s1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,head ,g>d5] to ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,toge!r ) *apt]s on ! ,hi/ory & ,cook]y by ! ,editor4 8,?or\ghly practical4 ,! book c be highly recomm5d$40 ,! ,morn+ ,po/4 ,vol4 ,,viii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,or*ids4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,:ite1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,or*id ,gr[] to ,sir ,trevor ,lawr5ce1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 8,!re are few writ]s s well qualifi$ to write ) au?ority ^u ^! fl[]s40 ,! ,scotsman4 ,vol4 ,,ix4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,/rawb]ry4 ,) *apt]s on ! ,raspb]ry1 ,blackb]ry1 ,loganb]ry1 ,japanese ,w9eb]ry1 & ,alli$ ,fruits4 ,by ,,edw9 ,,beckett1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 8,mr ,beckett deals ) 8 subject 9 a ?or\gh practical mann] 444 & fully ma9ta9s ! g5]al excell5ce %[n 9 ! previ\s volumes ( ?is s]ies40 ,! ,morn+ ,po/4 ,vol4 ,x4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,climb+ ,,plants4 ,by ,s4 ,,arnott1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,au?or ( 8,! ,book ( ,bulbs40 8,?is is a concise1 practical1 & well-in=m$ exposition ( skill$ k z to ! tra9+ ( creep]s1 c40 ,! ,scotsman4 ,vol4 ,,xi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,pe>s ,,& ,,plums4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,b>trum1 ,d4,d4 8,! writ] knew z mu* ab\t ! gr[+ ( ,pe>s & ,plums z ,dean ,hole kn[s ab\t ! cultivation ( ,roses40 ,! ,scotsman4 ,vol4 ,,xii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,h]bs4 ,by ,,lady ,,rosal9d ,,nor?cote4 ,vol4 ,,xiii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,wild ,,g>d54 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,,fitzh]b]t4 ,vol4 ,,xiv4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,honey-,,bee4 ,by ,,*>les ,,h>rison4 ,?is book w be ( great assi/ance to ! beg9n] z %[+ ! practical side ( bee-keep+4 ,x conta9s num]\s illu/rations :i* w be ( int]e/ to exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s z well z to ! novice4 ,vol4 ,,xv4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,%rubs4 ,by ,,george ,,gordon1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,editor ( ,! ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e4 ,a special feature ( ?is book lies 9 ! di/9ction :i* x makes betwe5 %rubs & trees peculi>ly suit$ to g>d5 cultivation1 & ^? appropriate to ! p>k & woodl&4 ,! au?or desires to enc\rage ! culture ( %rubs 9 g>d5s1 & indicates ^? mo/ suitable = v>i\s purposes & situations4 ,vol4 ,,xvi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,daffodil4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,,eug5e ,,b\rne4 ,! au?or supplies valuable in=mation on ! cultivation ( daffodils ga9$ by ! results ( 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,vol4 ,,xvii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,lily4 ,by ,w4 ,,goldr+4 ,a description (1 & a practical guide to1 ! cultivation ( all ! lilies usually to be f\nd 9 ,briti% g>d5s4 ,vol4 ,,xviii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,topi>y4 ,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,curtis & ,w4 ,,gibson1 ,head ,g>d5] at ,lev5s ,hall4 ,a textbook ( ! topi>y art1 toge!r ) "s acc\nt & fam\s examples ( ! application ( t art4 ,vol4 ,,xix4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,t[n ,,& ,,w9d[ ,,g>d5+4 ,by ,mrs ,f4 ,a4 ,,b>dswell4 ,a h&book = ^? lov]s ( fl[]s :o are compell$ to live 9 a t[n4 ,! book %\ld be helpful ev5 to ^? :o are q ignorant 9 ! art ( gr[+ plants1 & advice is giv5 z to ! plants mo/ suitable to ! v>i\s adv]se conditions :i* t[n g>d5s af=d4 ,vol4 ,,xx4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,r>] ,,vegetables4 ,by ,,george ,,wy!s1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,head ,g>d5] to ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&1 & ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts4 ,?is "w deals ) a numb] ( vegetables possess+ *oice flav\r1 t are little gr[n 9 mod]n g>d5s4 ,n only does ! book expla9 ! be/ me?ods ( cultivation1 b also describes ! ways 9 :i* ! sev]al vegetables %\ld be cook$ & dress$ = ! table4 ,vol4 ,,xxi4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,iris4 ,a practical guide to ! cultivation ( ! ,iris1 & also a description ( & key to all ! g>d5 species & v>ieties4 ,! book w int]e/ equally ! botanical /ud5t1 ! practical g>d5]1 & ! lov] ( beautiful fl[]s4 ,vol4 ,,xxii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,furniture4 ,a practical h&book to ! selection1 con/ruction1 & arrangem5t ( ! v>i\s build+s1 trellises1 p]golas1 ar*es1 seats1 sundials1 f\nta9s1 & o!r /ructures4 ,vol4 ,,xxiii4--,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,c>nation4 ,by ,c4 ,p4 ,,bro!r/on & ,,m>t9 ,r4 ,,smi?4 ,vol4 ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,sc5t$ ,,g>d54 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,burbidge4 ,vol4 ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,design4 ,by ,,*>les ,,?ong]4 ,,john ,,lane1 ,publi%]3 ,,london3 ,,vigo ,,/reet1 ,w4 ,,new ,,york3 #fg ,,fif? ,,av5ue ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,j4 ,,*eal ,,sons ,,! ,,nurs]ies ,,crawley1 ,,sussex ,,h ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,/ock ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,( ,,home-,,tra9$ ,,topi>y ,,trees ,,great ,,v>iety ,,( ,,patt]ns ,,& ,,sizes ,,illu/rat$ ,,catalogue ,,free ,,mr ,,john ,,lane w s5d ,po/ ,free to any address1 a copy ( ! ,booklet entitl$ 8,books ,= & ,ab\t ,g>d5s10 conta9+ p>ticul>s ( 8 ,publications ( int]e/ to lov]s ( g>d5s1 g>d5+1 etc41 ) ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,l4 ,griggs1 ,e4 ,h4 ,new1 ,donald ,maxwell1 ,r4 ,h4 ,moor1 etc4 ,,john ,,lane1 ,,publi%]1 ,,london ,,& ,,new ,,york ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,wm4 ,,cutbu% ,,son',s ,,specialities ,,c>nations4--,! f9e/ /ocks ( ,malmaisons1 ,tree or ,w9t]-fl[]+1 & ,bord] ,v>ieties1 9 /rong1 clean1 & heal?y ,plants2 also l>ge collections ( ,p9ks1 ,cloves1 c4 ,,roses4--,an imm5se /ock ( ,/&>d1 ,dw>f1 & ,climb+ ,roses1 & also _m ?\s&s gr[n 9 pots4 ,,fruit ,,trees4--,gr& p]fect trees 9 ,/&>d1 ,pyramid1 ,dw>f1 & ,horizontal-tra9$1 & ,cordon =m1 & also a quantity gr[n 9 pots = indoor culture4 ,! ,pea*es1 ,nect>9es1 & ,apricots are especially f9e1 & include _m extra-siz$ trees = next season's fruit+4 ,also ,fruit+ & ,plant+ ,v9es1 ,figs1 ,mulb]ries1 c4 ,,cutbu%',s ,,cut ,,bu%es4--,an imm5se quantity ( ,yews & ,box clipp$ into _m curi\s %apes1 su* z ,birds1 ,%ips1 ,tables1 ,spiral ,columns1 ,dogs1 c4 ,also an exce$+ly f9e /ock ( ,box & ,yew ,trees 9 ,pyramid =m1 & ,/&>d & ,pyramidal ,bay ,trees 9 p]fect condition e/abli%$ 9 tubs4 ,,%rubs ,,& ,,conif]s4--,an ext5sive collection ( ,conif] & ,decidu\s & ,ev]gre5 ,%rubs1 bu%y & well-root$ plants 9 all sizes4 ,also an imm5se /ock ( ,yews1 up to #f feet 9 height1 specially prep>$ = h$ge plant+4 ,,/ove ,,& ,,gre5h\se ,,plants4--,an ext5sive /ock ( ,palms1 ,climb]s1 & ,decorative ,plants g5]ally1 & also a l>ge quantity ( well-gr[n ,autumn & ,w9t]-fl[]+ ,plants4 ,,=c+ ,,plants1 c4--,! collection ( ,plants = ,=c+ is consid]$ ! f9e/ 9 exi/5ce1 & a great speciality is made ( ,azaleas1 ,deutzias1 ,lilacs1 ,wi/>ias1 ,gueld] ,rose1 ,/aphylea1 & _m o!r v>ieties ( ,plants = ,=c+ purposes4 ,l>ge quantities ( ,plants & ,roots c be suppli$ 9 ret>d$ =m1 su* z ,lily ( ! ,valley1 ,liliums1 ,azalea mollis1 c41 = fl[]+ at any season ( ! ye>4 ,,alp9e ,,& ,,h]bace\s ,,plants4--,an unique & up-to-date collection1 includ+ _m ,gr& ,novelties (f]$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,nymphz & o!r ,plants = ! ,aquatic1 ,bog1 & ,wild ,g>d5 be+ ext5sively gr[n4 ,,h>dy ,,climb]s4--,an imm5se quantity ( ,ivies1 ,honeysuckles1 ,wi/>ia1 ,ampelopsis1 ,clematis1 ,jasm9es1 c41 c41 9 all sizes up to #aj feet high4 ,,trees4--,a l>ge & v>i$ collection ( ,h>dy ,ornam5tal ,trees2 also gr& /ocks ( ,limes1 ,planes1 ,popl>s1 ,elms1 ,sycamores1 ,bir*1 c41 gr[n s+ly1 specially = ,p>k & ,av5ue ,plant+4 ,,l&scape ,,g>d5+ ,,& ,,plant+4--,plans & ,e/imates may be _h = ! ,lay+-out & ,plant+ ( ,new1 or ! ,r5ovation ( ,exi/+ ,g>d5s 9 any "p ( ! ,k+dom4 ,,se$ ,,& ,,bulb ,,dep>tm5ts4--,special att5tion is giv5 to ! selection ( ! f9e/ produce ( ! ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,am]ican1 & o!r gr[]s1 & be+ probably ! l>ge/ import]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 we are 9 a position to (f] ! f9e/ quality bulbs ^u special t]ms4 ,e c>e is tak5 9 ! sav+ & selection ( ,se$s4 ,catalogues ,po/ ,free on ,application4 ,,wm4 ,,cutbu% ,,son ,nurs]ym5 by ,special ,w>rant to ,8 ,maje/y ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii4 ,,highgate ,,nurs]ies1 ,,london1 ,n41 ,,& ,,b>net1 ,,h]ts4 ,telegraphic ,address-- ,telephone-- 8,,cutbu%1 ,,london40 ,,no4 #afj ,,nor? ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration 8,,"o ,,all ,,g>d5+0 ,a mo/ useful book = ,amateur ,g>d5]s4 #bjj pages pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,,publi%$ ,,annually1 ,,price #b;d4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,edw>d ,,ow5 ,,gre5+4 ,,publi%$ ,,at #ib ,,long ,,acre1 ,w4,c4 ,,= ,,sale ,,at ,,all ,,book/alls1 ,,newsag5ts1 ,,etc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,h&books4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,illu/rat$ ,practical ,h&books deal+ ) ,c\ntry ,life4 ,suitable = ! ,pocket or ,knapsack4 ,"u ! ,g5]al ,editor%ip ( ,,h>ry ,,rob]ts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 7#f by #d 9474 ,price1 b\nd 9 ,limp ,clo?1 #c_/- net4 ,price1 b\nd 9 ,limp ,lea!r1 #d_/- net4 ,new ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,woman ,,out ,,( ,,doors4 ,by ,m,,nie ,,muriel ,,d[ie4 ,vol4 ,,vii4 ,! ,/able ,h&book4 ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,,dale4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,a concise1 practical h&book on ! fe$+1 groom+1 tra9+1 h\s+1 & g5]al managem5t ( horses1 writt5 by a well-kn[n bre$]4 ,especially useful to ! own] ( "o or two horses4 ,,! ,,little ,,f>m4 ,by 8,,home ,,c\nties40 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,! aim ( ?is book is to give ! t[nsman1 :o wi%es to h a little place ( 8 own 9 ! c\ntry1 true notions ( ! conditions "u :i* ev5 ! smalle/ f>m ne$s to be manag$4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to fruit-gr[+ & to ! managem5t ( small /ock4 ,volumes already ,publi%$4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,! ,,tramp',s ,,h&book4 ,by ,h4 ,,rob]ts4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,motor ,,book4 ,by ,r4 ,j4 ,,mecr$y4 ,vol ,,iii4 ,,! ,,tree ,,book4 ,by ,,m>y ,r4 ,,j>vis4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/ill ,,room4 ,by ,,mrs ,,r\ndell4 ,vol4 ,v4 ,,! ,,bird ,,book4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,rob]ts4 ,vol4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,fi%]man',s ,,h&book4 ,by ,,edg> ,s4 ,,%rubsole4 ,vol4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,sail+ ,,h&book4 ,by ,,clove ,,hit*4 ,vol4 ,x4 ,,! ,,k5nel ,,h&book4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,,davies4 ,vol4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,gun ,,room4 ,by ,,alex4 ,,innes ,,%&4 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,prospectus1 ,po/ ,free1 on application4 ,,john ,,lane1 ,publi%]3 ,,vigo ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,ar*aic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s reta9$ z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4