,,! ,,apo/olic ,,tradition ,,( ,,hippolytus ,,translat$ ,,into ,,engli% ,,) ,,introduction ,,& ,,notes ,,by ,,burton ,,scott ,,ea/on ,,ar*on ,,books ,copyright #aicd1 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press ,,repr9t$ #aifb ,,by ,,arrangem5t ,,) ,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,to ,,frank ,,gav9 ,,prefatory ,,note ,?is book 0 orig9ally plann$ z ! jo9t "w ( my colleague1 ,dr ,frank ,gav91 & myself4 ,o!r duties compell$ him to )draw f ! und]tak+1 b x none ! less owes m ?an c be told to 8 exp]t k & lavi%ly giv5 advice4 ,appreciative ?anks are also due to ,dr ,e4 ,r4 ,h>dy = 8 g5]\s help 9 *eck+ ! translation f ! ,sahidic4 ,,cont5ts ,prefatory ,note page vii ,introduction #a ,i4 ,,*ur* ,,ord]s #a ,,ii4 ,,hippolytus #af ,translation #cc ,notes #fc ,indexes #ajg ,,! ,,important ,,books ,edmund ,haul]4 ,didascalia ,apo/olorum ,fragm5ta ,u]on5sia ,lat9a4 ,acc$unt ,canonum qui ,dicuntur ,apo/olorum et ,aegyptiorum ,reliquiae4 ,leipzig1 #aijj4 ,paul de ,lag>de4 ,aegyptiaca4 ,gtt+51 #ahhc4 ,george ,horn]4 ,! ,/atutes ( ! ,apo/les or ,canones ,ecclesia/ici4 ,london1 #aijd4 ,s9ce #aiae publi%$ by ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press2 ! ,engli% translations only are includ$4 ,r4 ,hugh ,connolly4 ,! ,s-call$ ,egyptian ,*ur* ,ord] & ,d]iv$ ,docum5ts4 ,cambridge1 #aiaf4 ,ern/ ,jungklaus4 ,die ,geme9de ,hippolyts4 ,leipzig1 #aibh4 ,at fir/ includ$ 9 ! ,texte und ,unt]su*ung54 ,f4 ,x4 ,funk4 ,didascalia et ,con/itutiones ,apo/olorum4 ,pad]born1 #aije4 ,james ,coop] & ,ar?ur ,john ,maclean4 ,! ,te/am5t ( ,our ,"l4 ,ed9burgh1 #aijb4 ,wilhelm ,ri$el4 ,die ,kir*5re*tsquell5 des ,patri>*ats ,alex&ri54 ,leipzig1 #aijj4 ,john ,wordswor?4 ,bi%op ,s>apion's ,pray]-,book4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,ar?ur ,john ,maclean4 ,! ,anci5t ,*ur* ,ord]s4 ,cambridge1 #aiaj4 ,paul ,w5dl&4 ,hippolytus ,w]ke4 ,dritt] ,b&4 ,refutatio ,omnium ,ha]esium4 ,leipzig1 #aiaf4 ,9 ! ,b]l9 ,die grie*is*5 *ri/li*5 ,s*rift/ell] s]ies4 ,! be/ text ( ! ,philosophum5a4 ,francis ,legge4 ,hippolytus's ,philosophum5a4 ,london1 #aiba4 ,! be/ ,engli% translation4 ,un=tunately ,w5dl&'s critical text is ignor$4 ,,introduction ,i4 ,,*ur* ,,ord]s ,! e>ly ,*ur* ,ord]s 7 sy/ematic manuals ( discipl9>y & liturgical rules = :i* ! collective au?ority ( ! :ole apo/olate 0 claim$4 ,!y made _! appe>ance 9 ! second c5tury1 grew to consid]able dim5sions 9 ! ?ird1 & rea*$ _! fulle/ developm5t t[>d ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,!y are s\rces ( importance = our k ( ! inn] life ( ! *ur*1 & !y 7 influ5tial factors 9 ! =mation ( ! lat] canon law4 ,t legislation ( a fairly detail$ & elaborate "* %\ld soon] or lat] make its appe>ance 9 ,*ri/ianity 0 inevitable4 ,! local congregations 7 made up ( m5 & wom5 practically isolat$ f ! re/ ( ! _w & br\ght into ! close/ contact ) "o ano!r2 _! *ur* 0 to !m almo/ _! entire univ]se4 ,if human be+s any:]e are to live toge!r "u su* conditions1 mutual affection & =be>ance--be !y nev] s great--are n en\gh4 ,regulations1 :i* def9e rights & duties 9 unambigu\s t]ms1 are indisp5sable1 & ^! regulations are b\nd to increase 9 numb] & complexity z ! community gr[s4 ,z x happ5$1 h[ev]1 ,*ri/ianity 9 its orig9s conta9$ extraord9>ily little mat]ial t c\ld be us$ 9 =m+ ^! regulations4 ,9 !ory ,*ri/ians1 = guidance 9 all matt]s1 7 to turn to ,jesus ,*ri/ _! ,"l1 ^: tea*+ !y reg>d$ z totally div9e & s ! f9al au?ority 9 all ?+s4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,jesus' conc]n 0 n ) concrete & specific problems1 & :5 ask$ to rule on su* he brusquely refus$4#a ,he occupi$ himself ) ultimate moral pr9ciples1 & left to individuals ! task ( apply+ ^! pr9ciples to ! v>i\s special problems ( _! lives4 ,h5ce x is n at all surpris+ t 9 ! apo/olic & po/-apo/olic ages direct citation ( 8 say+s is r>ely us$ to settle disput$ matt]s ( practice2#b 8 words are employ$ r z g5]al directives & to give inspiration to action4#c ,nor did ! apo/les attempt 9 any sy/ematic way to supply ! concrete elem5t t ,jesus' tea*+ might be ?\ght to lack4 ,9 only "o in/ance#d does ! ,new ,te/am5t give u any?+ t purports to be an apo/olic decree1 & x gives ?is only 9 a matt] ( fundam5tal importance4 ,yet ev5 ?is brief rul+ pres5ts s]i\s critical difficulties to mod]n inve/igators1 & probably some?+ less ?an full apo/olic au?ority %\ld be accord$ x4 ,9 ,/ ,paul's ,epi/les1 inde$1 x is laid d[n z a fundam5tal pr9ciple t individual div]g5ces %\ld be tol]at$ z f> z possible ev5 9 ! same community1#e s t ! apo/le turns f g5]al pr9ciples to detail$ regulations only 9 ! mo/ extreme in/ances4 ,ea* ( 8 *ur*es 0 left free to develop "u ! guidance ( ! ,_s su* cu/oms z x might judge pr(itable--& 0 w>n$ n to make ev5 ^! cu/oms too au?oritative4 ,& !re is no reason to ?9k t ! o!r apo/les diff]$ greatly f ,/ ,paul 9 ?is reg>d4 ,t "s ( !m may h drawn up c]ta9 specific rules = _! own communities is ab/ractly conceivable1 b z to ?is !re is no tradition at all 9 ! s\rces ( ! apo/olic age & no?+ ( any value 9 lat] writ+s4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ,*ri/ian congregations 9 se>* = mat]ial to use = legislative purposes c\ld f9d v little 9 ! prim>y au?oritative tea*+ ( _! religion1 & 7 oblig$ to look else:]e4 ,b abundant o!r s\rces 7 n lack+4 ,( ^! ! *ief 0 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ^: importance to ! majority ( e>ly ,*ri/ians c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,! c]emonial legislation ( ! ,p5tateu* 01 to be sure1 no long] reg>d$ z b9d+ on ,*ri/ians2 ! ,paul9e controv]sies _h settl$ ?is pr9ciple1 ev5 ?\gh a diss5t+ m9ority did n disappe> until late 9 ! second c5tury4 ,b acceptance ( ! pr9ciple did n deb> endless debate z to ! pr9ciple's precise ext5t3 j :at ,mosaic precepts %\ld be class$ z 8purely c]emonial08 ,/ ,paul1 = in/ance1 saw no inh]5t objection to eat+ ?+s sacrific$ to idols1#f b 9 ! decree ( ,acts #ae4 #bh-bi ab/95ce f su* food is reg>d$ z axiomatically 8necess>y01#g & ,*ri/ians dur+ ! next ?ree c5turies g5]ally took ! same view4 ,! duty ( ,*ri/ian lib]ality 0 def9$ m closely by ! adoption ( ! ,jewi% law ( ti?+1 & ?is law 0 ev5 ext5d$ to include n only agricultural produce b income ( any k9d4#h ,or1 ev5 :5 ! lit]al =ce ( an ,old ,te/am5t precept 0 recogniz$ z sup]s$$1 a transf]r$ s5se might be discov]$ t reviv$ ! rule = ,*ri/ianity4 ,s ! comm& t ti!s %\ld be paid to ! prie/s 0 con/ru$ to give ! *ur*'s m9i/]s a "r to ! ,*ri/ian paym5ts4#i ,or ! fact t ! ,old ,te/am5t m9i/ry 0 /rictly regulat$ l$ to ! argum5t t div9e regulations ( equal /rictness mu/ h$ge ab\t ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry z well4#aj ,s9ce s mu* p]man5t value 0 detect$ 9 ! old] c]emonial legislation1 x 0 only natural t ! obligation ( ! 8moral0 laws %\ld usually be treat$ z absolute4 ,?is l$ to a true moral legalism2 t is1 ^! laws 7 conceiv$ to dem& ob$i5ce n because ( a high] pr9ciple conta9$ 9 !m b simply because !y 7 8writt504 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ! assumption ?r\gh\t ,clem5t's lett] to ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e almo/ e argum5t is made to re/ ultimately on an ,old ,te/am5t precept4 ,nor does x occur at all to ,clem5t t ! ,cor9?ians may f9d any?+ amiss 9 8 me?od2 he takes = grant$ t1 no matt] h[ mu* o!r p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t may h lo/ _! mean+1 ,god's moral /atutes w rema9 9 immutable =ce = ev]4 ,&1 we c sc>cely d\bt1 su* 0 a common op9ion 9 ,*ri/ianity f ! v beg9n+1 outside ( ,paul9e & a few o!r circles2 x 0 an attitude v l ,clem5t's t ,/ ,paul combat$ 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,?is common op9ion1 moreov]1 0 /rongly re9=c$ by p$agogical ne$s4 ,! sweep ( ! new religion & its ga!r+ 9 conv]ts f all sorts ( curi\s moral highways & h$ges _h creat$ a situation t tax$ to ! utt]mo/ ! p[]s ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s4 ,multitudes ( neophytes 7 con/antly dem&+ in/ruction1 & to tea* ea* "o ( !m h[ to apply ,*ri/'s deep] pr9ciples to involv$ special problems seem$ utt]ly impracticable2 :y engage 9 s intricate a task :5 a succ9ct ,old ,te/am5t precept c\ld settle ! matt] in/antly8 ,s cate*etical moral tra9+ 0 usually giv5 by means ( %ort dige/s bas$ on ,old ,te/am5t laws1 "s ( ^! dige/s be+ und\bt$ly ( ,jewi% orig94#aa ,b x is int]e/+ to note t ! mo/ au?oritative brief dige/ ( ,jewi% morality--! ,decalogue--does n appe> z a :ole 9 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+4#ab ,9 ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity concrete rules 7 tak5 likewise f ,greek e?ical works1 ^: /&>d 0 usually high4 ,only ! le>n$1 ( c\rse1 c\ld appreciate ! moral treatises ( ! great philosoph]s1 b a long succession ( tea*]s--*iefly ,/oics--_h devot$ !mselves to br++ an und]/&+ ( good conduct )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,among o!r means1 ^! tea*]s a*iev$ _! purpose by requir+ _! pupils to memorize %ort gnomic =mulas1 or--! ultimate extremity ( simplification--b>e li/s ( virtues to be imitat$ or vices to be avoid$4#ac ,?is la/ device 0 s conv5i5t t ev5 ,greek-speak+ ,jews adopt$ x1#ad & ,*ri/ians f\nd x invaluable4 ,9 fact !y did n hesitate to take ready-made li/s f ,/oic & o!r s\rces1#ae s giv+ ,greek e?ical concepts an unnotic$ b au?oritative entrance into ,*ri/ianity4 ,less =mal b v real 0 ! influ5ce ( e/abli%$ cu/oms & conv5tions--on occasion1 ev5 sup]/itions--9 contempor>y life1 :e!r ,jewi% or ,g5tile4 ,/ ,paul1 = in/ance1 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #d holds x to be obvi\s t m5 %\ld pray ) _! heads uncov]$1 & ?is passage has influ5c$ all subsequ5t ,*ri/ian practice4 ,yet ! rul+ re/s on no?+ m pr(\nd ?an ! religi\s habits ( ! p>ticul> ,jews among :om ,/ ,paul 0 br\ght up2 o!r ,jews 9 8 day believ$ t ,god %\ld be approa*$ only :5 ! head 0 cov]$1 & ?is came to be ! accept$ ,jewi% practice4 ,if ,/ ,paul _h liv$ else:]e--or if he _h be5 born some:at lat]--! decl>ation 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #d w\ld h %ock$ him4 ,to ^! cu/oms inh]it$ f _! pre-conv]sion days1 ! v>i\s local *ur*es gradually add$ cu/oms ( _! own4 ,"s ( ^! 7 c]ta9ly introduc$ = v good reasons1 o!rs p]haps = no p>ticul> reason & m or less accid5tally4 ,b 9 religi\s bodies ev]y:]e cu/oms quickly gr[ to be rev]$ simply because !y are ! cu/om1 & are clung to t5aci\sly4 ,yet1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! *ur*es 7 will+ to le>n f "o ano!r4 ,! ,*ri/ian communities 9 any geographical subdivision ( ! ,empire _h /rong int]e/s 9 common1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 !y recogniz$ z "r & prop] a c]ta9 lead]%ip on ! "p ( ! *ur* 9 _! political capital4 ,s ! cu/oms ( ?is *ur* 7 g5]ally accept$ z models = ! :ole region1 ) ! result t by ! end ( ! second c5tury 8local0 use 0 q g5]ally conv]t$ into 8prov9cial0 use4 ,& v l>ge & important *ur*es--especially ,antio*1 ,alex&ria & ,rome--ga9$ a correspond+ asc5d5cy ov] ! small] capitals )9 _! respective areas4 ,9 "s in/ances1 9 fact1 rul+s by out/&+ *ur*es or individuals might acquire an almo/ _w-wide influ5ce4 #a ,clem5t1 :i* /ates ! ,roman conception ( c]ta9 rules gov]n+ ! m9i/ry1 0 accept$ z au?oritative 9 circles f> away f ! ,cor9?ians = :om x 0 writt54 ,inde$1 _m ,*ri/ians came actually to reg>d x z an inspir$ ,new ,te/am5t writ+1 & 9 v>i\s lat] docum5ts ,clem5t figures z ! m$ium ?r\gh :om ! apo/les issu$ _! decrees4 ,( equal significance 0 ,ignatius ( ,antio*1 ^: directions on *ur* organization appe> to h be5 obey$ ev5 9 ,rome itself4 ,j s lat] ,*ur* ,ord]s 7 reg>d$ z legally b9d+ 9 prov9ces remote f _! place ( orig94 ,9 mo/ qu>t]s ?is tr5d t[>d uni=mity 9 ! second c5tury 0 simply tak5 = grant$4 ,practices ) a c5tury ( tradition#af beh9d !m 7 practically treat$ z irre=mable3 8,?is cu/om has be5 h&$ d[n f ! days ( ! apo/les & consequ5tly has ! apo/les' au?ority beh9d x04 ,b ev5 by ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury ! apo/les 7 reg>d$ z a :olly inspir$ gr\p1 :o 7 ! div9ely appo9t$ cu/odians & int]pret]s ( ! fai?4#ag ,h5ce1 x 0 commonly assum$1 !y mu/ h be5 unanim\s 9 all ?+s2 :at "o apo/le taught all apo/les mu/ h taught4 ,all ,*ri/ianity re/s on a common norm ( doctr9e & practice t 0 deliv]$ to ! *ur* by ! apo/les4#ah ,x is ?is conviction t lies beh9d ! ,*ur* ,ord]s & t gives !m _! peculi> =m4 ,! mo/ obvi\s objection to ?is !ory1 naturally1 0 ! v evid5t fact t approv$ practices 9 diff]5t localities v>i$ consid]ably2 ^! c\ld n all g back to a common orig94 ,& 9 m9or matt]s1 assur$ly1 second- & ?ird-c5tury ,*ri/ianity tol]at$ or ev5 enc\rag$#ai diff]5ces4 ,b 9 any?+ reg>d$ z important local div]g5ces c\ld lead to bitt] conflict4 ,:5 ! second-c5tury ,asia ,m9or *ur*es 7 ask$ to *ange _! date = ,ea/]1 !y repli$1 8,we mu/ obey ,god r ?an m501 & a s*ism 9 ! *ur* result$4#bj ,& 9 ?is cla% apo/olic au?ority 0 passionately claim$ by bo? sides1 ) ! con/ant premise t su* au?ority mu/ 9 ! ma9 lead to uni=mity4 ,yet !re 7 def9ite limits to ! process ( unification4 ,z ! g5]ations grew into c5turies1 ! g5]al 8e?os0 ( ! m important local types ( ,*ri/ianity acquir$ a v5]able dignity t comm&$ respect ev5 f *ur*es ^: cu/oms 7 diff]5t4 ,9 major matt]s ( practice1 moreov]1 a sub/antial agreem5t _h be5 a*iev$1 & ! *ur*es 7 organiz$ along ! same ma9 l9es ev]y:]e4 ,s :5 any *ur* claim$ apo/olic tea*+ 9 support ( special usages ( its own--& su* claims 7 made frequ5tly--x usually did s fully aw>e t o!r *ur*es c\ld make simil> claims ) equal validity1 & t its special usages might v well h be5 diff]5t4 ,?is fact l$ to a revision ( ! !ory ( apo/olic unanimity4 ,! complete agreem5t ( ! apo/les 0 n[ ?\ght to ext5d only to doctr9e & ! vitally important rules ( practice2 9 o!r reg>ds ea* apo/le )9 8 own t]ritory _h e/abli%$ a use ( 8 own--& ea* ( ^! uses 0 equally legitimate4 ,s ,alex&ria appeal$ to ,/ ,m>k1 ,j]usalem to ,/ ,james1 ,ephesus to ,/ ,john1 ,rome to ,/ ,pet]1 & s on2 9 due c\rse ! f> ea/ 0 to appeal to ,/ ,?omas or ,/ ,?addeus4 ,su* a !ory 0 n entirely novel2 ,ir5aeus1 = in/ance1 urg$ x 9 an unsuccessful attempt to settle ! pas*al controv]sy4 ,b z local cu/oms became fix$ ! !ory 0 m & m invok$1 & x f9ally became a settl$ pr9ciple ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom4 ,! f\r? c5tury 0 "h ! def9ite turn+ po9t2 :5 ! ecum5ical c\ncils met1 !y made no attempt to legislate 9 full details = ! :ole *ur*4 ,s :5 ! compil] ( ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions ca4 #cge reviv$ ! ,*ur* ,ord] =mula t made all ! apo/les legislate m9utely1 we may presume t he 0 consci\sly adopt+ a /yle t 0 already some:at obsolesc5t2 ,*ri/ians by n[ 7 becom+ aw>e t collective apo/olic au?ority c\ld n be claim$ = s wide an ext5t ( regulations4 ,& ?is consci\sness br\ght ) x ! ev5tual end ( ! ,*ur* ,ord]s2 !y 7 replac$ by explicitly local collections ( canons & by liturgical s]vice books4 ,yet 9 _m p>ts ( ! *ur* ! old ,*ur* ,ord]s reta9$ _! au?ority1 & !y 7 incorporat$ into ! manuals ( canon law4 ,! foll[+ are ! *ief ,*ur* ,ord]s3 ,,! ,,dida*e ,z ?is "w is famili> to ev]yone its cont5ts ne$ n be describ$4 ,mo/ s*ol>s date x 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! second c5tury1 b ! possibility t its compil] us$ ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas z a s\rce _c be :olly disreg>d$4#ba ,b>nabas is usually dat$ ab\t #aca1 ) a possibility ( belong+ "s fifte5 ye>s e>li]1 s if ! dep5d5ce is accept$ ! ,dida*e c\ld sc>cely h orig9at$ be=e ! second qu>t] ( ! c5tury & may ev5 be some:at lat]4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,dida*e 9 ! e>ly *ur* 0 wide & x 0 held 9 high hon\r4 ,x 0 incorporat$ into ! ,didascalia1 ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,ord] & ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions4 ,s em95t & or?odox a sa9t z ,a?anasius speaks ( x z a book v pr(itable = neophytes 8:o wi% = in/ruction 9 ! ^w ( godl9ess01#bb & he cites x z an au?ority m ?an once1 ev5 ?\gh he--v prop]ly--refuses to recognize x z a canonical ,new ,te/am5t writ+4#bc ,!re consequ5tly c be no reasonable d\bt t ! ,dida*e orig9at$ 9 ! broad /ream ( or?odox ,*ri/ian tradition1 n 9 "s obscure h]etical sect4 ,mu* ! mo/ conv5i5t edition ( ! ,greek text is t edit$ by ,dr ,hans ,lietzmann 9 8 ,kle9e ,texte s]ies2#bd x conta9s an excell5t critical app>atus & is v inexp5sive4 ,!re are _m accessible ,engli% translations4 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,tradition ,?is "w ( ,hippolytus1 ! subject ( ! pres5t volume1 is nam$ "h to pres]ve ! *ronological sequ5ce4 ,9 its ,coptic & o!r v]sions x 0 =m]ly kn[n z ! ,egyptian ,*ur* ,ord]4 ,,! ,,didascalia ,a sub/antial 8h&book = ! *ur*es01 writt5 probably 9 ,syria1 n f> ei!r way f #bej4 ,its orig9al language 0 ,greek1 b x has be5 pres]v$ 9 ,syriac & ,lat92 ! latt] is defective4 ,x is conc]n$ almo/ :olly ) rules = *ur* organization1 *ur* f9ance & *ur* discipl9e1 treat+ doctr9e h>dly at all & liturgical matt]s only incid5tally4 ,its au?or 0 acqua9t$ ) ! m important ,*ri/ian lit]ature ( ! second c5tury1 & !re is "s evid5ce t he knew ,hippolytus's ,apo/olic ,tradition4 ,! ,didascalia is be/ /udi$ 9 ,dom ,r4 ,h4 ,connolly's ,engli% v]sion1#be :i* he has provid$ ) judici\s introduction & notes4 ,att5tion %\ld be direct$ to 8 words on p4 xlv3 8,x is n[ g5]ally recogniz$ t ! au?or's !ological outlook 0 entirely ,ca?olic1 & t he writes z a *ampion ( ! ,great ,*ur* z oppos$ to all mann] ( h]esy & s*ism04 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,*ur* ,,ord] ,?is "w#bf s ne>ly resembles ! ,dida*e 9 bo? size & arrangem5t t !re is good reason to believe t x 0 orig9ally issu$ z a 8revis$0 edition ( ! old] "w4 ,*apt]s #a-c describe a meet+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les at :i* !y decid$ to publi% ?is ,ord]4 ,*apt]s #d-ac are ,dida*e #a-d1 slightly re>rang$ & exp&$4 ,*apt] #ad is app>5tly d]iv$ f ,b>nabas #ad & closes ) ,dida*e #d4 #ac4 ,*apt]s #ae-bh treat ( *ur* organization1 beg9n+ ) ! election ( bi%ops & end+ ) ! duties ( wom53 ! conditions describ$ indicate a date n e>li] ?an ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,*apt] #bi conta9s an adjuration to *>ity & *apt] #cj a f9al appeal to apo/olic au?ority4 ,?is ,ord]1 ^: or?odoxy is unimpea*able1 0 writt5 9 ,greek & is probably 7n c]ta9ly7 ( ,egyptian orig94 ,its popul>ity is %[n by ! fact t ,lat91 ,syriac1 ,sahidic1 ,bohairic1 ,e?iopic & o!r v]sions h be5 pres]v$1 z well z ! orig9al ,greek4 ,a complete critical edition has n yet be5 prep>$4 ,! be/ edition ( ! ,greek text is 9 ,!odor ,s*]mann's ,die allgeme9e ,kir*5ordnung1#bg #a1 pp4 #a-cd4 ,! ,engli% v]sions1 su* z !y are1 are n v accessible1 b ! translations ( ! ,e?iopic1 ,arabic & ,sahidic 9 ,horn] are adequate4#bh ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,con/itutions ,?is1 ! mo/ ambiti\s ( all ! ,*ur* ,ord]s1 und]took to provide a practically complete treatise on *ur* law & liturgics by collect+ & revis+ e>li] au?oritative s\rces4 ,books ,i-,,vi are an enl>g$ edition ( ! ,didascalia4 ,*apt]s #a-cb ( ,book ,,vii treat ! ,dida*e simil>ly2 *apt]s #cc-de conta9 a collection ( pray]s obvi\sly bas$ on ,jewi% synagogue =ms2 ! s\rce ( *apt]s #df-di is unc]ta94 ,*apt]s #a-b ( ,book ,,viii are n[ g5]ally held to utilize a lo/ "w ( ,hippolytus1 ,conc]n+ ,gifts4 ,*apt]s #c-df conta9 8 ,apo/olic ,tradition1 greatly exp&$1 especially 9 ! s-call$ ,clem5t9e ,liturgy#bi ( *apt]s #f-ae4 ,! ,con/itutions 7 compil$ ar\nd #cge1 ei!r 9 ,syria or ,con/ant9ople4 ,! au?or _h no hesitation ab\t dra/ically rewrit+ ar*aic mat]ial1 b ! great bulk ( 8 expansions are simply expository & homiletic4 ,8 v]bosity is irksome to mod]n read]s1 b x 0 q 9 accord ) ! ta/e ( 8 age4 ,!ologically he %[s ,arian lean+s1 b ^! are (t5 r difficult to detect )\t comp>+ 8 text ) its s\rces2 8 "w z a :ole is c]ta9ly n 8,arian04 ,! ext5t ( ! lat] influ5ce ( ! ,con/itutions has n yet be5 satisfactorily e/imat$4 ,t ! "w 9 its entirety 0 n apo/olic 0 recogniz$ at once & v>i\s *ur* c\ncils br&$ x z apocryphal4 ,b lat] writ]s n infrequ5tly cite passages f ! ,con/itutions z au?oritative2 ^! citations z a :ole1 h[ev]1 h n ?us f> be5 collect$ & analys$4 ,app>5tly ! mo/ influ5tial "p ( ! book 0 its 8,clem5t9e ,liturgy01 :i* deeply influ5c$ subsequ5t ,ea/]n rites4 ,! classic edition ( ! ,greek text is t ( ,funk4 ,! ,engli% translation 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs is g5]ally adequate4 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,canons ,a collection ( eighty-five canons1 app5d$ to ! ,con/itutions4 ,!y 7 compil$ by its au?or p>tly f e>li] synodic s\rces1 p>tly f ! ,con/itutions !mselves4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* ^! canons 7 accept$ z a :ole & 7 translat$ into _m languages2 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* only ! fir/ fifty 7 receiv$4 ,,! ,,epitome 8,! ,epitome ( ! ,eigh? ,book ( ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions0 is ! title--& some?+ ( a misnom]--= :at is little m ?an a copy ( ! sections ( ?is ,book ( ! ,con/itutions t deal ) organization & discipl9e4 ,x is divid$ into five p>ts1 ,a-,e4 ,! fir/ two *apt]s ( ! ,con/itutions are reproduc$ 9 ,a1 *apt] #cb 9 ,c1 *apt] #df 9 ,e4 ,d conta9s *apt]s #cc-cd1 #db-de1 practically intact4 ,b is head$ 8,! ,con/itutions ( ! ,holy ,apo/les conc]n+ ,ord9ation ?r\gh ,hippolytus01 a title n infrequ5tly#cj us$ to describe ! entire "w z 8,! ,con/itutions ?r\gh ,hippolytus04 ,x beg9s ) *apt] #c ( ! ,con/itutions1 describ+ ! election ( a bi%op4 ,b ! ord9ation pray] t foll[s is tak5 directly f ,hippolytus's ,apo/olic ,tradition1 n f ! ,con/itutions4 ,!n comes *apt] #af ( ! ,con/itutions on ! ord9ation ( presbyt]s4 ,! op5+ s5t5ces are giv5 lit]ally1 b ! ord9ation pray] is ab\t midway 9 l5g? betwe5 ! compact v]sion 9 ,hippolytus & ! elaborate word+ ( ! ,con/itutions4 ,*apt]s #ah-ba are copi$ ) m9imal v>iations1 b 9 *apt] #bb ! ord9ation ( read]s is dismiss$ 9 a brief s5t5ce f ,hippolytus4 ,*apt]s #bc-bh & #cj-ca1 almo/ un*ang$1 conclude ! section4 ,ev5 z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury ! ,epitome 0 (t5 tak5 to be a s\rce us$ 9 ! ,con/itutions4 ,b ?is is n[ recogniz$ to be wrong3 ! ,epitome is extract$ f ! ,con/itutions1 ) a few rev]sions to ,hippolytus4 ,z x conta9s no?+ indep5d5t !re is no way to judge its date or place ( orig94 ,! ,greek text w be f\nd 9 ,funk1 ,,ii1 pp4 #gb-if4 ,! ?ree passages t really diff] f ! ,con/itutions are translat$ 9 ! pres5t volume4#ca ,,! ,,te/am5t ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,?is "w is divid$ into two ,books1 ( #dg & #bg *apt]s respectively4 ,9 ,book ,i1 aft] an apocalyptic introduction 9 *apt]s #a-ac1 ! ris5 ,*ri/ solemnly decl>es 7*apt]s #ad-ah7 to ! apo/les ! div9e obligation ( ! rules t foll[4 ,! rema9d] ( ! "w is bas$ on ,hippolytus's ,apo/olic ,tradition1 al?\gh (t5 greatly *ang$ & exp&$3 !re are add$1 = in/ance1 rules = *ur* ar*itecture1 descriptions ( cl]ical duties & mu* liturgical matt]4 ,b ,hippolytus's ord] is fai?fully foll[$ & 8 text is (t5 reproduc$ v]bally4 ,book ,i1 *apt] #bh1 a 8my/agogic0 treatise on ,*ri/ology 9 semi-cr$al =m1 is p]haps a lat] addition4 ,! date ( ! ,te/am5t is probably a little lat] ?an t ( ! ,con/itutions2 9 any case x is h>dly e>li] ?an #cfj4 ,= its place ( orig9 ,syria1 ,asia ,m9or & ,egypt all h _! advocates1 ) ,egypt probably ! lea/ likely4 ,! orig9al ,greek is lo/1 b ! "w has be5 transmitt$ 9 ,syriac1 ,e?iopic & ,arabic4 ,its ,*ri/ology has an 8,apoll9>ian0 flav\r1 b 8!re is no actual h]esy 9 ! ,te/am5t04#cb ,! ,engli% v]sion ( ,coop] & ,maclean is /&>d1 al?\gh c]ta9 ( _! elaborate notes n[ require revision4 ,,! ,,canons ,,( ,,hippolytus ,a "w conta9+ ?irty-eight 8canons01 :i* 8,hippolytus1 ! *ief ( ! bi%ops ( ,rome1 wrote accord+ to ! comm&s ( ! apo/les04 ,?is p>aphrase = 8 8,apo/olic ,tradition0 indicates ! s\rce ) an explicitness unusual 9 a ,*ur* ,ord]4 ,its alt]ations are mu* less radical ?an ^? 9 ! ,te/am5t1 & :olly new matt] is limit$ to a brief introduction & an app5dix conc]n$ *iefly ) moral & ascetic directions4 ,! revision 0 made almo/ c]ta9ly 9 ! fif? c5tury & beyond reasonable d\bt 9 ,egypt4 ,! text 7orig9ally ,greek7 has be5 pres]v$ only 9 an ,arabic v]sion4 ,! only reliable edition is ! ,g]man translation by ,ri$el2 an ,engli% v]sion is badly ne$$4 ,= ! sake ( complet5ess !re may be add$3 ,,s>apion',s ,,pray]s ,?is "w is n a true ,*ur* ,ord]3 x makes no pret5ce to apo/olic orig9 & consi/s :olly ( a collection ( pray]s drawn up by ,s>apion1 bi%op ( ,?muis1 ab\t #cej4 ,x op5s ) ! celebrant's "p at ! eu*>i/ & closes ) v>i\s b5$ictions4 ,! eu*>i/ic pray] has be5 /rongly influ5c$ by ! ,dida*e1 ! ord9ation pray]s by ,hippolytus4 ,! mo/ accessible edition ( ! ,greek text is 9 ,funk1 ,,ii1 pp4 #aeh-aie4 ,bi%op ,john ,wordswor? edit$ an excell5t ,engli% translation4 ,,ii4 ,,hippolytus ,hippolytus is a unique figure 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 = he1 a s*ismatic bi%op ( ,rome1 is hon\r$ by ! ,roman *ur* z a sa9t & m>tyr4 ,?is curi\s comb9ation ( qualities made him = c5turies a highly enigmatic p]sonality1 ( :om almo/ no?+ 0 kn[n4 ,_m ( 8 volum9\s works 7 pres]v$ & /udi$1 & 7 translat$ into ,syriac1 ,coptic1 ,arabic1 ,arm5ian & ev5 ,old ,slavic4 ,b 8 creation ( a s*ism & 8 acceptance ( its episcopate 7 acts s contr>y to e/abli%$ pr9ciples t ,eusebius1 writ+ less ?an a c5tury lat]1 c describe him only z ! bi%op 8( a *ur* some:]e02#cc to :i* description ,j]ome adds3 8! "n ( ^: city ,i h be5 unable to le>n04#cd ,t ?is city 0 9 fact ,rome is1 to be sure1 /at$ by n a few late patri/ic & m$ieval writ]s1 especially 9 ! ,ea/1 b ^! d n h9t t !re 0 any?+ irregul> ab\t 8 t5ure4 ,or he is assign$ sees 9 widely diff]5t localities1 sometimes z f> (f z ,arabia & sometimes z ne> ,rome z ,portus3 ?is la/ place--due1 app>5tly1 to confusion ) "s o!r m>tyr--0 especially popul>4 ,b among ,we/]n writ]s ,hippolytus's episcopal rank is commonly ignor$ & he appe>s simply z 8a presbyt]03 ! pres5t ,roman ,ca?olic s]vice books#ce d n call him 8bi%op04 ,! sole g5]al agreem5t 0 z to ! date ( 8 dea?1 :i* ! m>tyrologies & o!r e>ly te/imony place ab\t #bce4 ,9 #aeea excavations 9 ,rome br\ght to light a ?ird-c5tury /atue ( ,hippolytus1 n[ 9 ! ,lat]an ,museum2 ! upp] "p ( ! body has be5 8re/or$04 ,on ! sides are inscrib$ an 8,ea/] ,canon0 t he comput$ & a p>tial li/ ( 8 works4#cf ,! po/ure ( ! body1 :i* is t ( a seat$ tea*]1 made episcopal dignity m ?an probable1 s = ! (ficial description ( ! /atue ,pius ,,iv1 ! next pope1 adopt$ ! ,portus tradition4 ,h5ce z 8,bi%op ( ,portus0 ! sa9t 0 g5]ally kn[n until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,9 #agja ,jakob ,gronov publi%$1 9 ! t5? volume ( 8 ,!saurus ,graec>um ,antiquitatum1 ,book ,i--no m 0 !n kn[n--( a "w call$ 8,philosophum5a0 or 8,philosophiz+s01 t 0 commonly1 al?\gh n univ]sally1 ref]r$ to ,orig54 ,books ,,iv-,x ( ?is "w 7 discov]$ 9 #ahdb & n9e ye>s lat] 7 publi%$ z ,orig5's by ! editor1 ,b4 ,e4 ,mill]4#cg ,b ! cont5ts ( ! "w 7 soon prov$ by compet5t s*ol>s--notably ,dll+]#ch--to make ,orig5's au?or%ip impossible2 ! necess>y conditions 7 fulfill$ by ,hippolytus alone4 ,?is pro( e/abli%$ also ! ,hippolytean au?or%ip ( c]ta9 o!r disput$ works2 & ! evid5ce ?us assembl$ %[$ t ,hippolytus 0 bo? a bi%op & a ,roman4 ,incid5tally1 x has be5 e/abli%$ also t ! correct title = ! above "w is 8,refutation ( ,all ,h]esies01 & t 8,philosophum5a0 0 ! sub-title ( ,books ,i-,,iv 7n z is sometimes /at$ ( ,book ,i alone74 ,b 8,philosophum5a0 is g5]ally accept$ by mod]n writ]s4 ,! ,portus tradition1 h[ev]1 /ill l+]$ on = a "t & is accept$ 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 bo? by ! orig9al editor ,j4 ,h4 ,macmahon 7#ahfh7 & by ! ,am]ican revis] ,bi%op ,a4 ,c4 ,coxe 7#ahhf74 ,bi%op ,lightfoot support$ a compromise !ory t made ( ,hippolytus a sort ( suffragan bi%op ( ,rome ) special jurisdiction ov] ,portus4#ci ,b nei!r position is n[ t5able4 ,= ! facts ( ,hippolytus's life we h practically only :at he himself tells u 9 scatt]$ allusions2 only once 7,philosophum5a ,,ix1 #g7 does he relate contempor>y ev5ts at any l5g?4 ,s9ce 9 8 lat] works he speaks ( himself z ag$1 8 bir? mu/ be plac$ ca4 #afj4 ,tradition makes him a disciple ( ,ir5aeus1 a highly probable supposition ev5 ?\gh 8 works are sil5t on ! subject4 ,he became a presbyt] ( ! ,roman *ur* "u ,zephyr9us 7#aih8-bag1 or p]haps e>li]7 & won great respect = 8 le>n+ & eloqu5ce3 on "o occasion he 0 deput$ to prea* 9 ! pres5ce ( ,orig54#dj ,b 8 le>n+ br\ght him into a mortal conflict ) a fell[ presbyt]1 "o ,calli/us4 ,?is ,calli/us _h _h 9 e>li] ye>s a c>e] t 0 at lea/ ambigu\s4 ,! s]vant ( a weal?y ,*ri/ian1 he 0 p]mitt$ by 8 ma/] to und]take 9 ,rome ! exp]im5t ( a 8,*ri/ian bank01 9 :i* _m ( ! fai?ful deposit$ _! sav+s4 ,z has usually be5 ! case ) su* exp]im5ts1 ! bank fail$1 & 9 ?is case no assets c\ld be discov]$4 ,calli/us fl$1 b 0 br\ght back to ,rome & s5t5c$ to ! treadmill4 ,aft] a :ile he 0 releas$ & s\ght to rega9 fav\r ) ! ,*ri/ians by int]rupt+ a ,jewi% synagogue s]vice & prea*+ ,*ri/ianity to ! congregation4#da ,= ?is he 0 s5t to ! ,s>d9ian convict m9es4 ,all ( ?is appe>s to h tak5 place dur+ ! n9? decade ( ! second c5tury2 9 any case ,calli/us 0 /ill a prison] :5 ,bi%op ,victor succe$$ 9 obta9+ f ! ,emp]or ,commodus ! release ( _m ,*ri/ian prison]s 9 ! ye> #aij or !reab\ts4#db ,! li/ ( names drawn up by ,victor & s5t to ,s>d9ia did n include ,calli/us1 b he contriv$ to secure 8 dis*>ge z well1 & he return$ to ,italy z at lea/ te*nically a 8m>tyr04#dc ,victor1 h[ev]1 did n p]mit him to rema9 9 ,rome & dismiss$ him to ,antium1 :]e he liv$ until ,victor's dea?1 receiv+ f ! *ur*'s fund a mon?ly all[ance t enabl$ him to avoid suff]+4 ,victor 0 succe$$ by ,zephyr9us1 an easy-go+ man ( small intellig5ce1 :o 9 pa/ ye>s _h conceiv$ an int5se admiration = ,calli/us4 ,he imm$iately recall$ ! latt] to ,rome1 orda9$ him presbyt]1#dd & made him 8 *ief lieut5ant2 dur+ ,zephyr9us's episcopacy ,calli/us 0 ! real p[] at ,rome4 ,8 only significant rival 0 ,hippolytus4 ,two m diff]5t m5 c sc>cely be imag9$4 ,bo? 7 equally det]m9$ to h _! own way4 ,b ,calli/us 0 suave & +ratiat+1 little conc]n$ ) !ological speculation1 desir\s ( imm$iate practical results & none too scrupul\s z to ways & means1 indiff]5t to prec$5ts & p]fectly will+ to try novel exp]im5ts4 ,hippolytus 0 d\r & irascible1#de conv9c$ t meticul\s !ology mu/ be ma9ta9$ ?\gh ! heav5s fell1 sc&aliz$ at ! m]e ?\ght ( relax+ discipl9e1 a traditionali/ to 8 f+] tips1 :o believ$ t any new idea 0 necess>ily ,satanic4 ,betwe5 su* antagoni/s a rel5tless w> 0 inevitable4 ,!y appe> to h f\ght on mo/ que/ions1 b "o cause ( conflict 0 p>am\nt3 ,*ri/ology4 ,dur+ ! second c5tury ! *ur* 0 con/antly torm5t$ by ! problem ( reconcil+ ! rigid mono!ism inh]it$ f ! ,jews ) ! div9e hon\rs t 7 unque/ion+ly paid to ,*ri/4 ,! solution t ,hippolytus propos$ foll[$ 9 g5]al ! doctr9e ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel3 ,god f be=e creation has begott5#df f ,himself ,8 ,logos1 itself div9e4 ,?is doctr9e re/s on speculative metaphysical premises t are none too easy ( compreh5sion2 to _m ?9k]s 9 ! second c5tury x seem$ ei!r 7a7 to subord9ate ! ,son to ! ,fa!r 9 su* a way z to detract f ! ,son's true div9ity1 or 7b7 to make ( ! ,son an indep5d5t deity & s de/roy mono!ism4 ,hippolytus endeav\r$ to avoid bo? extremes1 b ) :at success speciali/s--anci5t or mod]n--are unable to agree2 x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t he wrote z a pione] 9 an age :5 ! real que/ions 7 n yet cle>ly /at$1 let alone answ]$1 & t he employ$ a philosophy orig9ally devis$ = a v diff]5t purpose4 ,! mo/ popul> alt]native to 8 !ory 0 :at is r cumbr\sly kn[n z 8modali/ic mon>*ianism02 ?is 0 q )9 ! grasp ( ! mo/ unphilosophical1 s9ce x disreg>d$ all metaphysical ref9em5ts4 ,x argu$3 8,we wor%ip ,*ri/ z ,god1 & ,god is ,"o4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ is ,god & ,god is ,*ri/2 #8,fa!r' & #8,son' are only titles t describe ! same ,p]son 9 diff]5t aspects or #8modes'04 ,lat] on ?is modalism 0 reg>d$ z h]esy ( ! mo/ extreme type1 b ev5 9 ! late second c5tury x 0 widely taught & 0 uncondemn$2 9 "p ! *ur* au?orities wi%$ to pres]ve peace above all ?+s & 9 "p !y 7 really 9 d\bt z to ! po9ts at issue4 ,_m tea*]s1 to be sure1 attack$ x viol5tly & none ) great] passion ?an ,hippolytus1 :o at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury 0 mak+ ! ,roman *ur* hot ) 8 invectives4 ,b1 despite him1 :5 ,sabellius1 ! great apo/le ( modalism1 came to ,rome he 0 receiv$ cordially by ,zephyr9us & ,calli/us4 ,/ill1 ev5 ,hippolytus 0 =c$ to admit t ,sabellius 0 an hone/ & op5-m9d$ man1 & "o ) :om he c\ld argue s frankly t he _h great hopes ( conv]t+ him4 ,b ,calli/us int]f]$4 ,n t he himself 0 q a modali/2 8 own ,*ri/ology1 :ile hav+ /rong modali/ic lean+s1 0 sav$ f d[nright modalism by dext]\s qualifications4 ,b he reg>d$ ,hippolytus's doctr9e--:i* he probably c\ld n really und]/&--z ! worse ( ! two evils4 ,s ,sabellius1 f9d+ ! two great ,roman lead]s at logg]heads1 rev]t$ to 8 =m] position4 ,to ,hippolytus ?is 0 ! la/ /raw & he publicly d5\nc$ ,calli/us#dg z a h]etic4 ,calli/us retort$ by hurl+ at ,hippolytus ! f9al insult3 8,di!i/60 ,! result 0 a s*ism4 ,x took place1 app>5tly1 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ,zephyr9us1#dh :o di$ 9 #bag4 ,hippolytus & 8 disciples fl$ f !--to !m--pollut$ & h]etical communion ( ! regul> bi%op & proclaim$ t !y & !y alone 7 ! true *ur* ( ,rome4 ,!y 7 n num]\s b _! /&+ appe>s to h be5 high2 at any rate !y 7 able to f9d bi%ops will+ to consecrate _! lead] to ! episcopate4 ,b _! )drawal left ! 8regul>0 *ur* completely "u ,calli/us's control1 & at ,zephyr9us's dea? he 0 elect$ to succe$ him4 ,?is election1 ( c\rse1 ,hippolytus treat$ z :olly null1 ass]t+ contemptu\sly t :at ,calli/us _h done 0 to become ! lead] ( a 8s*ool ( ,calli/ans01 n ( a 8*ur* ( ,*ri/ians04 ,calli/us dispos$ ( ! ,*ri/ological controv]sy by excommunicat+ bo? ,sabellius & ,hippolytus1 & !n turn$ 8 att5tion to ! mo/ ?orny practical "q t p]plex$ contempor>y ,*ri/ians1 ! problem ( mortal s9 aft] baptism4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! po/-apo/olic age#di ! *ur* almo/ univ]sally held t su* s9 c\ld n receive absolution1 s t ! s9n]s 7 p]man5tly excommunicate & )\t hope ( re/oration4#ej ,! only 8or?odox0 voice 9 opposition to ?is rigorism 0 rais$ by ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 & ev5 its au?or d>$ oppose ! univ]sal tea*+ ( 8 age only because he _h receiv$ a special revelation f ,god2 nor did he v5ture to promise m ?an ! remission ( "o po/-baptismal s9 = anyone4 ,9 _m qu>t]s1 inde$1 ev5 ?is mild relaxation ( ! rule 0 passionately resi/$1 & ! mo/ vigor\s religi\s movem5t ( ! second c5tury--,montanism--took z its wat*word1 8,no second remission60 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury a f9al settlem5t ( ! "q _h become a necessity4 ,! ,*ri/ians _h be5 successful beyond _! dreams 9 attract+ conv]ts1 b probably ! majority possess$ only g5]al good moral qualities & lack$ ! h]oic virtues4 ,:at 0 to be done ) !m8 ,%\ld ! *ur* dismiss !m z unwor?y & s r$uce its numb]s dra/ically8 ,or %\ld x d :at x c\ld = ^? ^: int5tions 7 good1 )\t expect+ too mu* ( !m8 ,to ,hippolytus ! *ur*'s con/ant tea*+ s9ce ! apo/les' "t remov$ ! problem f debate3 ,*ri/ians mu/ be sa9ts 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,s 8 flock 0 con/antly purg$ by excommunications4 ,calli/us1 on ! contr>y1 took ! bold /ep ( bru%+ aside tradition altoge!r & ( appeal+ directly to ! ,new ,te/am5t3 8,let ! t>es gr[ ) ! :eat until ! h>ve/01#ea &1 8,:o art ?\ t judge/ ano!r man's s]vant8#eb ,s9n]s 71 ( c\rse1 put to p5ance1 b if !y prov$ _! good fai? !y c\ld be absolv$1 no matt] :at _! (f5ce nor h[ (t5 x _h be5 committ$4 ,?is decision ( ,calli/us 0 no?+ %ort ( revolution>y1 & x 0 de/9$ to *ange ! ideal ( *ur* memb]%ip = all "t4 ,naturally x %ock$ ,hippolytus beyond measure--& 8 horror 0 int5sifi$ :5 ^? :om he himself _h excommunicat$ 7 receiv$ into communion by ,calli/us4 ,! latt]1 9 fact1 w5t s f> 9 ! abolition ( ! /rict] rules t 8 own successors at ,rome )drew or s]i\sly modifi$ "s ( 8 concessions4 ,he pron\nc$ t second & ev5 ?ird m>riages con/itut$ no imp$im5t to ord9ation1 & all[$ cl]ics to m>ry aft] !y _h be5 orda9$4 ,& he decl9$ to recognize = ,*ri/ian m>riage ! imp$im5t ( disp>ity ( /atus 9 ! ,roman civil law2 z a result ! *ur* p]mitt$ m>riages t ! p>ties c\ld dis[n to ! /ate--) "s curi\s consequ5ces4 ,all ( ?is s inc5s$ ,hippolytus & 8 p>ty t ,calli/us's dea? 9 #bbb did n end ! s*ism2 x cont9u$ "u 8 successors ,urbanus 7#bbb-bcj7--( :om no?+ is c]ta9ly kn[n--& ,pontianus 7#bcj-bce74 ,b 9 #bce ,maxim9us became emp]or & he und]took a p]secution t s+l$ out ! ,*ri/ian lead]s4 ,s 9 ,rome bo? ,pontianus & ,hippolytus 7 arre/$ & s5t to ,s>d9ia1 :]e !y %ortly aft]w>d succumb$ to ! h>d%ips ( convict life4 ,?is heal$ ! brea* 9 ! *ur*1 & ! reunit$ factions complet$ ! reconciliation by pron\nc+ bo? bi%ops to be sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,?is action has be5 tak5 by "s s*ol>s--argu+ f ! premises ( a lat] day--z evid5ce t ,hippolytus made a retractation be=e 8 dea?4 ,b ,hippolytus 0 n ! man to retract any?+4 ,& ! ,roman *ur* ( ! next g5]ation w\ld nev] h all[$ ! erection ( 8 /atue if !y _h held him to be sav$ only by a dea?b$ rep5tance2 /ill less w\ld !y h p]mitt$ ! public & hon\rable inscription ( ! titles ( works 9 :i* he glories 9 8 conduct4#ec ,! *ur* really ackn[l$g$ t bo? sides _h made mi/akes1 & t ,hippolytus's errors--:atev] !y may h be5--7 due to an excess ( zeal = righte\sness & 7 n to be weigh$ aga9/ 8 consecrat$ le>n+ & 8 burn+ devotion4 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,tradition ,= a li/ & description ( ,hippolytus's works ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! treatises on patrology2 he 0 a prolific writ] on exegetical1 doctr9al & practical !mes1 :o publi%$ at lea/ fifty books & probably _m m4 ,b aft] he _h be5 consecrat$ bi%op ( 8 sep>ati/ congregation1 8 fir/ task 0 to provide treatises to p]petuate ! pr9ciples = :i* he 0 cont5d+ s bitt]ly4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,( ,gifts1 to :i* he alludes 9 #a4 #a2 x has n be5 pres]v$1 al?\gh traces appe> to be incorporat$ 9 ,con/itutions ,,viii1 i-ii4 ,& x 0 foll[$ imm$iately by ! ,apo/olic ,tradition4 ,its introduction fixes its date & purpose4 ,a 8lapse or error0 _h 8rec5tly occurr$0 7#a4 #d71 & ,hippolytus und]takes to gu>d aga9/ its effects by sett+ =? ! true doctr9e 8:i* has cont9u$ up to n[04 ,& he recurs to ! same !me at ! close3 8! _m h]esies h increas$ because _! lead]s w\ld n le>n ! purpose ( ! apo/les01 b 8ov] all :o he> ! apo/olic tradition & keep x1 no h]etics or any o!r man w prevail0 7#ch4 #b-c74 ,! date accord+ly mu/ be close to #bag & ! purpose is to cleave to ! old ways1 reject+ e innovation2 ! tradition :i* ,hippolytus receiv$ f ! presbyt]s be=e him 7#cf4 #ab7 mu/ be ma9ta9$ inviolate4 ,9 cont5t ! book consi/s ma9ly ( laws = *ur* organization & ! conduct ( wor%ip1 b ^! are int]sp]s$ freely ) comm5t & explanation4 ,! s\rce ( ! laws !mselves is n d\btful3 !y repres5t ! normal practices at ,rome 9 ,hippolytus's y\ng] days1 & he is q s9c]e 9 believ+ t !y are truly apo/olic & !re=e unalt]able4 ,& t !y actually are rules ( real antiquity is %[n by ! corroboration !y receive f o!r e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 among :om ,t]tullian 9 p>ticul> describes usages extraord9>ily l ^? exp\nd$ by 8 ,roman contempor>y4 ,! ,apo/olic ,tradition1 consequ5tly1 is m ?an a s\rce = ,roman cu/oms at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury2 x may ) equal safety be invok$ = ! practice ( ?irty or ev5 fifty ye>s e>li]4 ,9 ! words ( ,h>nack3#ed 8,"h is ! ri*e/ s\rce t we 9 any =m possess = our k ( ! polity ( ! ,roman *ur* 9 ! olde/ "t1 & ?is ,roman polity may1 9 _m reg>ds1 be accept$ z ! polity held ev]y:]e04 ,! same1 naturally1 _c always be said ( ! mat]ial 9 ,hippolytus's comm5ts4 ,"h too1 unque/ionably1 mu* is inh]it$2 x is = "o ( 8 explanations t he appeals to ! presbyt]s 9 #cf4 #ab4 ,b x is occasionally evid5t--*apt] #i is an in/ance--t ! c]emonies he fai?fully describes d n fully accord ) 8 int]pretations1 & t he himself does n inv>iably und]/& 8 mat]ial4 ,"s ( ! word+ ( 8 pray]s1 moreov]1 is unmi/akably 8 own1 b 9 8 day 7#aj4 #d-f7 ea* ,*ri/ian lead] /ill felt free to frame pray]s z he w\ld4 ,hippolytus design$ 8 "w = 8! *ur*es0 7#a4 #c71 a phrase mo/ naturally und]/ood ( ,*ri/5dom at l>ge4 ,8 own *ur* ( ,rome appe>s to h appreciat$ 8 "w ! lea/1 = ! majority ( ,roman ,*ri/ians gave _! allegiance to 8 rivals & accept$ _! legislation2 x 0 ! re=ms ( ,calli/us & n ! cons]vatism ( ,hippolytus t direct$ subsequ5t ,roman polity4 ,probably1 too1 despite 8 canonization1 8 memory 0 always slightly suspect2 ! ,roman *ur* c]ta9ly manag$ to =get v quickly :o he really 04 ,by ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 moreov]1 8 *ur* f9ally ab&on$ ,greek z its (ficial language & became :olly ,lat9iz$1 s t 8 writ+s 7 no long] accessible4 ,& :at 0 true ( ,rome 0 true ( ! ,we/ 9 g5]al4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 h[ev]1 especially 9 ,egypt & ,syria1 ,hippolytus's "w 0 accept$ z possess+ high au?ority4 ,x 0 ( c\rse n treat$ z infallible1 = lat] legal writ]s d n hesitate to am5d or omit laws disagree+ ) local usage4 ,yet ! title ,hippolytus *ose = 8 "w 0 tak5 really s]i\sly1#ee & he1 m ?an any o!r ,*ur* ,fa!r1 gave ! laws & ! liturgy ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* _! p]man5t =m4 ,! ,apo/olic ,tradition 0 fir/ made kn[n to ! ,we/]n _w 9 #afia by ,job ,ludolf 9 ,ad suam ,hi/oriam ,ae?iopicam ,comm5t>ius2 9 ?is he publi%$ 9 incomplete =m ! ,e?iopic "w conta9+ x1 to :i* he gave ! title--/ill 9 use--( ,/atuta ,apo/olorum4 ,b he naturally 0 unable to id5tify ! au?or4 ,x 0 n until #ahdh t ! next contribution 0 made1 ,tattam's ,! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions or ,canons ( ! ,apo/les 9 ,coptic1#ef :i* gave ! ,bohairic text ) an ,engli% translation4 ,! ,sahidic text appe>$ ?irty-five ye>s lat] on pp4 #bdh-bff ( ,lag>de's ,aegyptiaca1 & ?is is /ill ! /&>d edition4 ,a ,g]man translation 7by ,/e9dorff7 0 publi%$ 9 #ahia by ,a*elis 9 8 ,die lte/5 ,quell5 des ori5talis*5 ,kir*5re*tes3#eg ?is monograph op5$ ! really critical /udy ( ! mat]ial & is n yet :olly obsolete4 ,b ,haul]'s discov]y ( ! ,lat9 text 0 ! mo/ important ev5t ( all4 ,he publi%$ 8 f9d 9 #aijj b did n appreciate ! full importance ( :at he describes only z 8,aegyptiorum reliquiae0 at ! end ( 8 long title4#eh ,& ev5 su* an int5sely able s*ol> z ,funk1 9 mak+ 8 own ,lat9 v]sion ( 8,! ,egyptian ,*ur* ,ord]01 /ill pref]r$ to foll[ ! ,sahidic4#ei ,horn]'s ,/atutes ( ! ,apo/les 7#aijd7 f9ally suppli$ critical ,e?iopic & ,arabic texts1 ) sci5tifically lit]al translations ( ^! & ( ! ,sahidic z well4 ,! basic significance ( ! ,lat9 v]sion 0 glimps$ by ,coop] & ,maclean 9 _! edition ( ! ,te/am5t#fj 7#aijb72 _! use ( 8,haul]0 is (t5 p5etrat+4 ,9 #aijf ,b>on ,edu>d von d] ,goltz#fa f9ally id5tifi$ c]ta9 sections z def9itely ,hippolytean1 & f\r ye>s lat] ,dr ,edu>d ,s*w>tz rea*$ ! def9ite conclusion3#fb ! ,lat9 text repres5ts sub/antially :at ,hippolytus wrote4 ,dr ,s*w>tz's monograph1 h[ev]1 0 brief & left _m problems unexplor$2 ! detail$ demon/ration 0 !--:olly indep5d5t--"w ( ,dom ,connolly 9 #aiaf4 ,9 #aibh ,dr ,jungklaus publi%$ a ,g]man translation ( ,hippolytus's "w1 ) an elaborate introduction2 9 "s reg>ds x prov$ unsatisfactory b x %\ld on no acc\nt be neglect$4 ,! textual evid5ce is z foll[s3 ,! orig9al ,greek ( *apt]s #c & #ab is pres]v$ 9 ! ,epitome1 & t ( #be4 #a-b 9 ! ,vi5na fragm5t pr9t$ 7e4g47 by ,funk 7,,ii1 p4 #aab74 ,! ,con/itutions also give "s aid 9 recon/ruct+ ! ,greek text else:]e4 ,! ,lat9 codex1 n[ 9 ,v]ona1 is a palimpse/1#fc probably ( ! six? c5tury1 ov] :i* "s two c5turies lat] ?ree books ( ,isidore ( ,seville's ,s5t5ces 7 writt54 ,! translation itself appe>s to h be5 made 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & is a r5dition ( a ,greek book ( *ur* laws1 9 :i* ,hippolytus's book is prec$$ by portions ( ! ,didascalia & ! complete ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,ord]4 ,! translator1 :o presumably _h no idea ( ! au?or%ip ( ! clos+ portion1 made 8 v]sion p$antically lit]al2 a great advantage to ! mod]n /ud5t4 ,unque/ionably nei!r ! six?-c5tury copyi/1 ! translator nor ! ,greek text us$ 0 infallible2 ! la/ c]ta9ly conta9$ duplications4#fd ,b ! v]sion is incomp>ably ! be/ guide t we h4 ,x includes #a4 #a-i4 #aa;a1 #ba4 #ad-bd4 #ab;a1 #bf4 #c;b-#ch4 #b;a4 ,! ,ori5tal manuscripts1 all comp>atively mod]n1#fe are fairly num]\s1#ff & are likewise collections ( laws4 ,! ,sahidic--kn[n also z ! ,egyptian ,heptateu*1 f its sev5 ,books--beg9s ) ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,ord]4 ,!n 7,book ,,ii7 comes ,hippolytus's "w1 9 :i* *apt]s #a1 #c1 #d4 #d-ac1 #e-f1 #h4 #b-e1 #i4 #i-ab are omitt$ & *apt]s #aa-ad are arrang$ 9 ! ord]#fg #ab1 #ad1 #aa1 #ac2 !re are also m9or v>iations to :i* att5tion is usually call$ 9 ! translation & notes4 ,books ,,iii-,,vi are p>allel to ,con/itutions ,,viii2 ,book ,,vii conta9s ! ,apo/olic ,canons4 ,l o!r ,coptic ecclesia/ical writ+s x teems ) translit]at$ ,greek words1 s t ! orig9al t]ms are obvi\s4 ,b ! fir/ translator 0 evid5tly (t5 9 d\bt z to ! mean+ ( ! orig9al1 & 8 indecisions h n be5 cl>ifi$ by lat] copyi/s4 ,! ,bohairic 0 made f an inf]ior ,sahidic manuscript 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,all read+s ( any consequ5ce are li/$ by ,horn]4 ,! ,arabic 0 made f ! ,sahidic1 :i* x foll[s 9 mo/ reg>ds1 al?\gh *apt]s #aa-ad are n dis>rang$2 x 0 !re=e made f a manuscript o!r ?an ! ar*etype ( ! kn[n ,sahidic codices & has a c]ta9 indep5d5t textual value4 ,o!rwise its features are j ab\t ^? to be expect$ 9 a second>y v]sion4 ,! ,e?iopic is divid$ into sev5ty-two 8,/atutes01 ( :i* ! fir/ tw5ty-"o are ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,ord]4 ,/atute #bb ,hippolytus's *apt]s #b-e1 conclud+ ) communion pray]s4 ,*apt] #f ( ,hippolytus is omitt$4 ,/atutes #bc-bg *apt]s #h-ae1 ) no *anges 9 ord]4 ,/atutes #bh-ce *apt]s #af-bd1 conclud+ ) a brief additional section on ! regul> weekly eu*>i/s 7p4 #eh74 ,/atutes #cf-ch *apt]s #be-bf1 foll[$ by sections on ! communion ( ! sick & on ev5+ s]vices 7p4 #eh7 & a repetition ( *apt] #bf4 #b1 #aj;b-#ac4 ,/atute #ci *apt] #bg4 ,/atute #dj is a long baptismal (fice1 conta9+ rem9isc5ces ( *apt]s #ba-bc b op5+ ) *apt] #a1 :i* is n 9 ! ,sahidic or ,arabic4 ,/atutes #dj 7end7-#dh *apt]s #bh-ch4 ,! rema9+ ,/atutes p>allel ,con/itutions ,,viii1 l ! o!r v]sions1 b !re are c]ta9 v>iations2 ,/atute #eb1 = in/ance1 conta9s a consid]able section ( ! ,dida*e1 a little ( ! ,didascalia1 & a bit 7#ch4 #d7 ( ,hippolytus4 ,at ! end !re is a collection ( pray]s4 ,! ,e?iopic is a t]ti>y v]sion1 made f ! ,arabic4 ,/atute #dj1 :i* gives *apt] #a1 0 evid5tly d]iv$ f a diff]5t s\rce :i* us$ ! ,apo/olic ,tradition indep5d5tly1 & its inclusion "h 0 m or less accid5tal4 ,b ! pres5ce ( ! o!r *apt]s n 9 ! pres5t ,arabic texts is be/ expla9$ by assum+ t ! ,e?iopic 0 d]iv$ f an old] ,arabic =m--:i* 9 turn presupposes an old] ,sahidic =m2 9 ^! ! omissions to avoid conflict ) local usages _h n yet tak5 place4#fh ,! additional mat]ial 9 ,/atutes #e1 #ce & #cg-ch is pr9t$ by bo? ,connolly & ,jungklaus1 al?\gh bo?#fi recognize ! liturgical pray]s 9 #e to be po/-,hippolytean2 x is consequ5tly n includ$ 9 ! pres5t edition4 ,b nei!r d ! o!r two sections appe> to be g5u9e4 ,! rules 9 ,/atute #ce are s g5]al & unobjectionable t _! omission 9 ! ,sahidic & ,arabic w\ld be difficult to expla91 :ile ! rev]5ce deacons mu/ pay to presbyt]s seems to po9t to a lat] date4 ,simil>ly ! description ( ! c>e ( ! sick & ( ! ev5+ s]vice 9 ,/atute #cg pres5ts no?+ t c\ld h tr\bl$ ! ,sahidic & ,arabic translators2 ! ins]tion ( su* widespread usages is easi] to und]/& ?an _! omission4 ,& ! repetition ( e>li] matt] at ! end ( ,/atute #cg & 9 all ( ,/atute #ch %[s a bad textual tradition4 ,9 g5]al1 !n1 ! evid5ce ( ! ,e?iopic is ( m9or consequ5ce4 ,9 ! only place :]e x /&s alone 7#i4 #aa-ab7 x has a text t does n appe> to be possible4 ,summ>iz+3 ,! orig9al ,greek ( ! ,apo/olic ,tradition has n be5 recov]$1 except 9 small fragm5ts4 ,! ,lat9 is g5]ally tru/wor?y1 b is incomplete4 ,! only o!r prim>y v]sion1 ! ,sahidic1 is likewise incomplete1 & ! results ( ! mod]ate abilities ( its translator h be5 fur!r confus$ 9 lat] transmission4 ,! ,arabic is a second>y text1 (f]+ little t ! ,sahidic does n conta94 ,! only practically complete v]sion1#gj ! ,e?iopic1 is t]ti>y & is o!rwise unreliable4 ,all f\r ( ^! v]sions presuppose a common ,greek orig9al1 9 :i* two diff]5t end+s h be5 conflat$4 ,! o!r s\rces1 ! ,con/itutions1 ! ,te/am5t & ! ,canons1 are frank revisions1 9 :i* ! orig9al is (t5 edit$ out ( recognition or ev5 flatly contradict$4 ,"u ^! conditions ! re/oration ( a really accurate text is manife/ly impossible4 ,none ! less ! mat]ial is abundant & indep5d5t en\gh to w>rant confid5ce t ! sub/ance & 9 mo/ cases ev5 ! orig9al word+ ( ,hippolytus's rules h really be5 pres]v$3 only ! ord9ation pray] = deacons pres5ts difficulties t appe> insup]able4 ,! *apt] divisions are ^? ( ,jungklaus1 alt]$ only at *apt] #bb4 ,to facilitate ref]5ce ! s5t5ces h be5 numb]$ z 8v]ses04 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,tradition ,,( ,,hippolytus ,,translation ,,lat #a4 ,we h duly complet$ :at ne$$ to be said ab\t 8,gifts01 describ+ ^? gifts :i* ,god by ,8 own c\nsel has be/[$ on m51 9 (f]+ to ,himself ,8 image :i* _h gone a/ray4 ,b n[1 mov$ by ,8 love to all ,8 sa9ts1 we pass on to our mo/ important !me1 8,! ,tradition01 our tea*]4 ,& we address ! *ur*es1 s t !y :o h be5 well tra9$1 may1 by our in/ruction1 hold fa/ t tradition :i* has cont9u$ up to n[ &1 kn[+ x well1 may be /r5g!n$4 ,?is is ne$ful1 because ( t lapse or error :i* rec5tly occurr$ ?r\gh ignorance1 & because ( ignorant m54 ,& ! ,holy ,_s w supply p]fect grace to ^? :o believe aright1 t !y may "k h[ all ?+s %\ld be transmitt$ & kept by !m :o rule ! *ur*4 ,,"p ,i #b4 ,let ! bi%op be orda9$ aft] he has be5 *os5 by all ! p4 ,:5 he has be5 nam$ & %all please all1 let him1 ) ! presbyt]y & su* bi%ops z may be pres5t1 assemble ) ! p on a ,sunday4 ,:ile all give _! cons5t1 ! bi%ops %all lay _! h&s ^u him1 & ! presbyt]y %all /& by 9 sil5ce4 ,all inde$ %all keep sil5t1 pray+ 9 _! he>t = ! desc5t ( ! ,_s4 ,!n "o ( ! bi%ops :o are pres5t %all1 at ! reque/ ( all1 lay 8 h& on him :o is orda9$ bi%op1 & %all pray z foll[s1 say+3 ,,gre#ga #c4 ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t1 :o dwelle/ on high yet ha/ respect to ! l[ly1 :o kn[e/ all ?+s be=e !y come to pass4 ,?\ ha/ appo9t$ ! bord]s ( ?y *ur* by ! ^w ( ?y grace1 pr$e/9at+ f ! beg9n+ ! righte\s race ( ,abraham4 ,& mak+ !m pr9ces & prie/s1 & leav+ n ?y sanctu>y )\t a m9i/ry1 ?\ ha/ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w be5 well pleas$ to be glorifi$ among ^?#gb :om ?\ ha/ *os54 ,p\r =? n[ t p[]1 :i* is ?9e1 ( ?y royal ,_s1 :i* ,,lat#gc ?\ gave/ to ?y belov$ ,s]vant#gd ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* he be/[$ on 8 holy apo/les1 ,,gre :o e/abli%$ ! *ur* 9 e place1 ! *ur* :i* ?\ ha/ sanctifi$ unto unceas+ glory & praise ( ?y "n4 ,?\ :o kn[e/ ! he>ts ( all1#ge grant to ?is ?y s]vant1 :om ?\ ha/ *os5 to be bi%op1 to fe$ ?y holy flock#gf & to s]ve z ?y high prie/ )\t blame1 m9i/]+ night & day1 to propitiate ?y c\nt5ance )\t ceas+ & to (f] !e ! gifts ( ?y holy *ur*4 ,& by ! ,_s ( high-prie/hood to h au?ority to remit s9s accord+ to ?y comm&m5t1 to assign ! lots accord+ to ?y precept1 to loose e bond accord+ to ! au?ority :i* ?\ gave/ to ?y apo/les1 & to please !e 9 meekness & purity ( he>t1 (f]+ to !e an od\r ( sweet sav\r4 ,?r\gh ?y ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 ?r\gh :om be to !e glory1 might1 hon\r1 ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & always & _w )\t end4#gg ,am54 ,,lat #d4 ,& :5 he is made bi%op1 all %all (f] him ! kiss ( peace1 = he has be5 made wor?y4 ,to him !n ! deacons %all br+ ! (f]+1 & he1 lay+ 8 h& ^u x1 ) all ! presbyt]y1 %all say z ! ?anksgiv+3 ,! ,"l be ) y4 ,& all %all say ,& ) ?y _s4 ,lift up y\r he>ts4 ,we lift !m up unto ! ,"l4 ,let u give ?anks to ! ,"l4 ,x is meet & "r4 ,& !n he %all proce$ imm$iately3 ,we give !e ?anks1 ,o ,god1 ?r\gh ?y belov$ ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om at ! end ( "t ?\ did/ s5d to u a ,savi\r & ,r$eem] & ! ,mess5g] ( ?y c\nsel4 ,:o is ?y ,^w1 insep>able f !e2 ?r\gh :om ?\ did/ make all ?+s & 9 :om ?\ art well pleas$4 ,:om ?\ did/ s5d f heav5 into ! womb ( ! ,virg91 & :o1 dwell+ )9 h]1 0 made fle%1 & 0 manife/$ z ?y ,son1 be+ born ( ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,virg94 ,:o1 fulfill+ ?y w1 & w9n+ = himself a holy p1 spread out 8 h&s :5 he came to suff]1 t by 8 dea? he might set free !m :o believ$ on !e4 ,:o1 :5 he 0 betray$ to 8 will+ dea?1 t he might br+ to n\ght dea?1 & break ! bonds ( ! devil1 & tread hell "u foot1 & give light to ! righte\s1 & set up a b\nd>y po/1 & manife/ 8 resurrection1 tak+ bread & giv+ ?anks to !e said3 ,take1 eat3 ?is is my body1 :i* is brok5 = y4 ,& likewise also ! cup1 say+3 ,?is is my blood1 :i* is %$ = y4 ,z (t5 z ye p]=m ?is1 p]=m#gh my memorial4 ,hav+ 9 memory1 !re=e1 8 dea? & resurrection1 we (f] to !e ! bread & ! cup1 yield+ !e ?anks1 because ?\ ha/ c\nt$ u wor?y to /& be=e !e & to m9i/] to !e4 ,& we pray !e t ?\ w\lde/ s5d ?y ,holy ,_s ^u ! (f]+s ( ?y holy *ur*2 t ?\1 ga!r+ !m into "o1 w\lde/ grant to all ?y sa9ts :o p>take to be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,_s1 t _! fai? may be confirm$ 9 tru?1 t we may praise & glorify !e4 ,?r\gh ?y ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om be to !e glory & hon\r1 ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & always & _w )\t end4#gi ,am54 #e4 ,if anyone (f]s oil1 he %all give ?anks z at ! (f]+ ( ! bread & w9e1 ?\gh n ) ! same words b 9 ! same g5]al mann]1#hj say+3 ,t sanctify+ ?is oil1 ,o ,god1 :]e) ?\ did/ ano9t k+s1 prie/s & prophets1 ?\ w\lde/ grant heal? to !m :o use x & p>take ( x1 s t x may be/[ com=t on all :o ta/e x & heal? on all :o use x4 #f4 ,likewise1 if anyone (f]s *eese & olives1 let him say ?us3 ,sanctify ?is milk t has be5 unit$ into "o mass1 & unite u to ?y love4 ,let ?y lov+ k9dness ev] re/ ^u ?is fruit ( ! olive1#ha :i* is a type ( ?y b\nty1 :i* ?\ did/ cause to fl[ f ! tree unto life = !m :o hope on !e4 ,b at e bless+ %all be said3 ,glory be to !e1 ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & always & _w )\t end4 ,am54 #h4hb ,b :5 a presbyt] is orda9$1 ! bi%op %all lay 8 h& ^u 8 head1 :ile ! presbyt]s t\* him1 & he %all say accord+ to ^? ?+s t 7 said above1 z we h prescrib$ above conc]n+ ! bi%op1 pray+ & say+3 ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 look ^u ?is ?y s]vant1 & grant to him ! ,_s ( grace & c\nsel ( a presbyt]1#hc t he may su/a9 & gov]n ?y p ) a pure he>t2 z ?\ did/ look ^u ?y *os5 p & did/ comm& ,moses t he %\ld *oose presbyt]s1 :om ?\ did/ fill ) ?y ,_s1 :i* ?\ gave/ to ?y s]vant4 ,& n[1 ,o ,"l1 grant t !re may be unfail+ly pres]v$ among/ u ! ,_s ( ?y grace1 & make u wor?y t1 believ+1 we may m9i/] to !e 9 simplicity ( he>t1 prais+ !e4 ,?r\gh ?y ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om be to !e glory & hon\r1 ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & always & _w )\t end4 ,am54 #i4 ,b ! deacon1 :5 he is orda9$1 is *os5 accord+ to ^? ?+s t 7 said above1 ! bi%op alone 9 l mann] lay+ 8 h&s ^u him1 z we h prescrib$4 ,:5 ! deacon is orda9$1 ?is is ! reason :y ! bi%op alone %all lay 8 h&s ^u him3 he is n orda9$ to ! prie/hood b to s]ve ! bi%op & to c>ry out ! bi%op's comm&s4 ,he does n take "p 9 ! c\ncil ( ! cl]gy2 he is to att5d to 8 own duties & to make kn[n to ! bi%op su* ?+s z are ne$ful4 ,he does n receive t ,_s t is possess$ by ! presbyt]y1 9 :i* ! presbyt]s %>e2 he receives only :at is confid$ 9 him "u ! bi%op's au?ority4 ,= ?is cause ! bi%op alone %all make a deacon4 ,b on a presbyt]1 h[ev]1 ! presbyt]s %all lay _! h&s because ( ! common & l ,_s ( ! cl]gy4 ,yet ! presbyt] has only ! p[] to receive2 b he has no p[] to give4 ,= ?is reason a presbyt] does n orda9 ! cl]gy2 b at ! ord9ation ( a presbyt] he seals :ile ! bi%op orda9s4 ,ov] a deacon1 !n1 he %all say z foll[s3 ,o ,god1 :o ha/ creat$ all ?+s & ha/ ord]$ !m by ?y ,^w1 ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ?\ did/ s5d to m9i/] ?y w & to manife/ to u ?y desire2 grant ! ,holy ,_s ( grace & c>e & dilig5ce to ?is ?y s]vant1 :om ?\ ha/ *os5 to s]ve ! *ur* & to (f] ,,te/ 9 ?y holy sanctu>y#hd ! gifts t are (f]$ to !e ,,e? by ?9e appo9t$ high prie/s1#he ,,te/ s t s]v+ )\t blame#hf & ) a pure he>t he may be c\nt$ wor?y ( ?is exalt$ (fice1#hg by ?y goodwill1 prais+ !e cont9ually4 ,?r\gh ?y ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om be to !e glory & hon\r1 ) ! ,holy ,_s1 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & always & _w )\t end4 ,am54#hh ,,sah #aj4 ,on a confessor1 if he has be5 9 bonds = ! "n ( ! ,"l1 h&s %all n be laid = ! diaconate or ! presbyt]ate1 = he has ! hon\r ( ! presbyt]ate by 8 confession4 ,b if he is to be orda9$ bi%op1 h&s %all be laid ^u him4 ,b if he is a confessor :o 0 n br\ght be=e ! au?orities nor 0 puni%$ ) bonds nor 0 %ut up 9 prison1 b 0 insult$ 787 casually or privately = ! "n ( ! ,"l1 ev5 ?\gh he confess$1 h&s are to be laid ^u him = e (fice ( :i* he is wor?y4#hi ,! bi%op %all give ?anks 9 all ord9ations#ij z we h prescrib$4 ,x is n1#ia to be sure1 necess>y = anyone to recite ! exact words t we h prescrib$1 by le>n+ to say !m by he>t 9 8 ?anksgiv+ to ,god2 b let ea* "o pray accord+ to 8 ability4 ,if1 inde$1 he is able to pray compet5tly ) an elevat$ pray]1 x is well4 ,b ev5 if he is only mod]ately able to pray & give praise1 no "o may =bid him2#ib only let him pray s\nd 9 ! fai?4 #aa4ic ,:5 a wid[ is appo9t$1 %e %all n be orda9$ b %e %all be appo9t$ by ! "n4 ,if h] husb& has be5 long dead1 %e may be appo9t$ )\t delay4 ,b if h] husb& has di$ rec5tly1 %e %all n be tru/$2 ev5 if %e is ag$ %e mu/ be te/$ by "t1 = (t5 ! passions gr[ old 9 ^? :o yield to !m4 ,! wid[ %all be appo9t$ by ! ^w alone1 & s %e %all be associat$ ) ! o!r wid[s2 h&s %all n be laid ^u h] because %e does n (f] ! oblation nor has %e a sacr$ m9i/ry4#id ,ord9ation is = ! cl]gy on acc\nt ( _! m9i/ry1#ie b ! wid[ is appo9t$ = pray]1 & pray] is ! duty ( all4 ,,gre#if #ab4 ,! read] is appo9t$ by ! bi%op's giv+ him ! book1 = he is n orda9$4 ,,sah #ac4 ,h&s %all n be laid ^u a virg91 = x is h] purpose alone t makes h] a virg94 #ad4 ,h&s %all n be laid ^u a subdeacon1 b 8 "n %all be m5tion$ t he may s]ve ! deacon4 #ae4 ,if anyone says1 8,i h receiv$ ! gift ( heal+01 h&s %all n be laid ^u him3 ! de$ %all make manife/ if he speaks ! tru?4 ,,"p ,,ii #af4 ,new#ig conv]ts to ! fai?1 :o are to be admitt$ z he>]s ( ! ^w1 %all fir/ be br\ght to ! tea*]s be=e ! p assemble4 ,& !y %all be exam9$ z to _! reason = embrac+ ! fai?1 & !y :o br+ !m %all te/ify t !y are compet5t to he> ! ^w4 ,inquiry %all !n be made z to ! nature ( _! life2 :e!r a man has a wife#ih or is a slave4#ii ,if he is ! slave ( a believ] & he has 8 ma/]'s p]mission1 !n let him be receiv$2 b if 8 ma/] does n give him a good "*1 let him be reject$4 ,if 8 ma/] is a hea!n1 let ! slave be taught to please 8 ma/]1#ajj t ! ^w be n blasphem$4#aja ,if a man has a wife or a woman a husb&1 let ! man be in/ruct$ to cont5t himself ) 8 wife & ! woman to cont5t h]self ) h] husb&4 ,b if a man is unm>ri$1 let him be in/ruct$ to ab/a9 f impurity1 ei!r by lawfully m>ry+ a wife or else by rema9+ z he is4#ajb ,b if any man is possess$ ) demons1 he %all n be admitt$ z a be>] until he is cleans$4 ,inquiry %all likewise be made ab\t ! pr(essions & trades ( ^? :o are br\ght to be admitt$ to ! fai?4 ,if a man is a p&]1#ajc he mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,if a man is a sculptor or pa9t]1 he mu/ be *>g$ n to make idols2 if he does n desi/ he mu/ be reject$4 ,if a man is an actor or pantomimi/1 he mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,a tea*] ( "y *ildr5 _h be/ desi/1 b if he has no o!r occupation1 he may be p]mitt$ to cont9ue4 ,a *>iote]1 likewise1 :o races or frequ5ts races1 mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,a gladiator or a tra9] ( gladiators1 or a huntsman 9 ! wild-bea/ %[s1#ajd or anyone connect$ ) ^! %[s1 or a public (ficial 9 *>ge ( gladiatorial exhibitions mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,a hea!n prie/ or anyone :o t5ds idols mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,a soldi] ( ! civil au?ority#aje mu/ be taught n to kill m5 & to refuse to d s if he is comm&$1 & to refuse to take an oa?2#ajf if he is unwill+ to comply1 he mu/ be reject$4 ,a milit>y comm&] or civic magi/rate t we>s ! purple mu/ resign or be reject$4 ,if a cate*um5 or a believ] seeks to become a soldi]1 !y mu/ be reject$1 = !y h despis$ ,god4 ,a h>lot or lic5ti\s man#ajg or "o :o has ca/rat$ himself1 or any o!r :o does ?+s n to be nam$1 mu/ be reject$1 = !y are defil$4 ,a magician mu/ n ev5 be br\ght = exam9ation4 ,an en*ant]1 an a/rolog]1 a div9]1 a soo?say]1 a us] ( magic v]ses1 a juggl]1 a m\ntebank1 an amulet-mak]#ajh mu/ desi/ or be reject$4 ,a concub9e1 :o is a slave & has re>$ h] *ildr5 & has be5 fai?ful to h] ma/] alone1 may become a he>]2 b if %e has fail$ 9 ^! matt]s %e mu/ be reject$4 ,if a man has a concub9e1 he mu/ desi/ & m>ry legally2 if he is unwill+1 he mu/ be reject$4 ,if1 n[1 we h omitt$ any?+ 7any trade871 ! facts z !y occur w in/ruct y\r m9d2 = we all h ! ,_s ( ,god4 #ag4 ,let cate*um5s sp5d ?ree ye>s z he>]s ( ! ^w4 ,b if a man is zeal\s & p]sev]es well 9 ! "w1 x is n ! "t b 8 "* t is decisive4 #ah4 ,:5 ! tea*] f9i%es 8 in/ruction1 ! cate*um5s %all pray by !mselves1 ap>t f ! believ]s4 ,& all wom51 :e!r believ]s or cate*um5s1 %all /& = _! pray]s by !mselves 9 a sep>ate "p ( ! *ur*4 ,& :5 ! cate*um5s f9i% _! pray]s1 !y mu/ n give ! kiss ( peace1 = _! kiss is n yet pure4 ,only believ]s %all salute "o ano!r1 b m5 ) m5 & wom5 ) wom52 a man %all n salute a woman4 ,& let all ! wom5 h _! heads cov]$ ) an opaque clo?1 n ) a veil ( ?9 l951 = ?is is n a true cov]+4 #ai4 ,at ! close ( _! pray]1 :5 _! in/ructor lays 8 h& ^u ! cate*um5s1 he %all pray & dismiss !m2 :oev] gives ! in/ruction is to d ?is1 :e!r a cl]ic or a layman4 ,if a cate*um5 %\ld be arre/$ = ! "n ( ! ,"l1 let him n hesitate ab\t be>+ 8 te/imony2 = if x %\ld happ5 t !y treat him %amefully & kill him1 he w be ju/ifi$1 = he has be5 baptiz$ 9 8 own blood4 #bj4 ,!y :o are to be set ap>t = baptism %all be *os5 aft] _! lives h be5 exam9$3 :e!r !y h liv$ sob]ly1 :e!r !y h hon\r$ ! wid[s1 :e!r !y h visit$ ! sick1 :e!r !y h be5 active 9 well-do+4 ,:5 _! sponsors h te/ifi$ t !y h done ^! ?+s1 !n let !m he> ! ,gospel4 ,!n f ! "t t !y are sep>at$ f ! o!r cate*um5s1 h&s %all be laid ^u !m daily 9 exorcism &1 z ! day ( _! baptism draws ne>1 ! bi%op himself %all exorcise#aji ea* "o ( !m t he may be p]sonally assur$ ( _! purity4 ,!n1 if !re is any ( !m :o is n good or pure1 he %all be put aside z n hav+ he>d ! ^w 9 fai?2 = x is nev] possible = ! ali5 to be conceal$4#aaj ,!n ^? :o are set ap>t = baptism %all be in/ruct$ to ba! & free !mselves f impurity & wa% !mselves on ,?ursday4 ,if a woman is m5/ru\s1 %e %all be set aside & baptiz$ on "s o!r day4 ,!y :o are to be baptiz$ %all fa/ on ,friday1 & on ,saturday ! bi%op %all assemble !m & comm& !m to kneel 9 pray]4 ,&1 lay+ 8 h& ^u !m1 he %all exorcise all evil spirits to flee away & nev] to return2 :5 he has done ?is he %all brea! 9 _! faces1 seal _! =eheads1 e>s & noses1 & !n raise !m up4 ,!y %all sp5d all t night 9 vigil1 li/5+ to read+ & in/ruction4 ,!y :o are to be baptiz$ %all br+ ) !m no o!r vessels ?an ! "o ea* w br+ = ! eu*>i/2 = x is fitt+ t he :o is c\nt$ wor?y ( baptism %\ld br+ 8 (f]+ at t "t4 #ba4 ,at cockcr[ pray] %all be made ov] ! wat]4 ,! /ream %all fl[ ?r\gh ! baptismal tank or p\r into x f above :5 !re is no sc>city ( wat]2 b if !re is a sc>city1 :e!r con/ant or#aaa sudd51 !n use :atev] wat] y c f9d4 ,!y %all remove _! clo?+4 ,& fir/ baptize ! little ones2 if !y c speak = !mselves1 !y %all d s2 if n1 _! p>5ts or o!r relatives %all speak = !m4 ,!n baptize ! m51 & la/ ( all ! wom52 !y mu/ fir/ loos5 _! hair & put aside any gold or silv] ornam5ts t !y 7 we>+3 let no "o take any ali5 ?+ d[n to ! wat] ) !m4 ,at ! h\r set = ! baptism ! bi%op %all give ?anks ov] oil & put x into a vessel3 ?is is call$ ! 8oil ( ?anksgiv+04 ,& he %all take o!r oil & exorcise x3 ?is is call$ 8! oil ( exorcism04 ,! ano9t+ is p]=m$ by a presbyt]4#aab ,a deacon %all br+ ! oil ( exorcism1 & %all /& at ! presbyt]'s left h&2 & ano!r deacon %all take ! oil ( ?anksgiv+1 & %all /& at ! presbyt]'s "r h&4 ,!n ! presbyt]1 tak+ hold ( ea* ( ^? ab\t to be baptiz$1 %all comm& him to r5\nce1 say+3 ,i r5\nce !e1 ,satan1 & all ?y s]vants & all ?y works4 ,& :5 he has r5\nc$ all ^!1 ! presbyt] %all ano9t him ) ! oil ( exorcism1 say+3 ,let all spirits dep>t f> f !e4 ,,te/ ,!n1 aft] ^! ?+s1 let him give him ov] to ! presbyt]#aac :o baptizes1 & let ! c&idates /& 9 ! wat]1 nak$1 a deacon go+ ) !m likewise4#aad ,& :5 he :o is be+ baptiz$ goes d[n into ! wat]1 he :o baptizes him1 putt+ 8 h& on him1 %all say ?us3 ,do/ ?\ believe 9 ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty8#aae ,& he :o is be+ baptiz$ %all say3 ,i believe4 ,!n ,,lat hold+ 8 h& plac$ on 8 head1 he %all baptize him once4 ,& !n he %all say3 ,do/ ?\ believe 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ! ,son ( ,god1 :o 0 born ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & 0 crucifi$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 & 0 dead & buri$1 & rose aga9 ! ?ird day1 alive f ! dead1 & asc5d$ into heav51 & sat at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 & w come to judge ! quick & ! dead8 ,& :5 he says3 ,i believe1 he is baptiz$ aga94 ,& aga9 he %all say3 ,do/ ?\ believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ! holy *ur*1 & ! resurrection ( ! fle%8 ,he :o is be+ baptiz$ %all say accord+ly3 ,i believe1 & s he is baptiz$ a ?ird "t4#aaf ,& aft]w>d1 :5 he has come up out ( ! wat]1 he is ano9t$ by ! presbyt] ) ! oil ( ?anksgiv+1 ! presbyt] say+3 ,i ano9t !e ) holy oil 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& s ea* "o1 aft] dry+ himself1 is imm$iately clo!d1 & !n is br\ght into ! *ur*4 #bb4aag ,!n ! bi%op1 lay+ 8 h& ^u !m1 %all pray1 say+3 ,o ,"l ,god1 :o ha/ made !m wor?y to obta9 remission ( s9s ?r\gh ! lav] ( reg5]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s1 s5d into !m ?y grace1 t !y may s]ve !e accord+ to ?y w2 = ?9e is ! glory1 to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! holy *ur*1 bo? n[ & _w )\t end4 ,am54#aah ,!n1 p\r+ ! oil ( ?anksgiv+ f 8 h& & putt+ x on 8 =ehead1 he %all say3 ,i ano9t !e ) holy oil 9 ! ,"l1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty & ,*ri/ ,jesus & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& sign+ !m on ! =ehead he %all say3 ,! ,"l be ) !e2 & he :o is sign$ %all say3 ,& ) ?y _s4 ,& s he %all d to ea* "o4 ,& imm$iately !reaft] !y %all jo9 9 pray] ) all ! p1 b !y %all n pray ) ! fai?ful until all ^! ?+s are complet$4 ,& at ! close ( _! pray] !y %all give ! kiss ( peace4 #bc4 ,& !n ! (f]+ is imm$iately br\ght by ! deacons to ! bi%op1 & by ?anksgiv+ he %all make ! bread into an image#aai ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 & ! cup ( w9e mix$ ) wat] accord+ to ! lik5ess#abj ( ! blood1 :i* is %$ = all :o believe 9 him4 ,& milk & honey mix$ toge!r = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise to ! fa!rs1 :i* spoke ( a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey2 namely1 ,*ri/'s fle% :i* he gave1 by :i* !y :o believe are n\ri%$ l babes1 he mak+ sweet ! bitt] ?+s ( ! he>t by ! g5tl5ess ( 8 ^w4 ,& ! wat] into an (f]+ 9 a tok5 ( ! lav]1 9 ord] t ! inn] "p ( man1 :i* is a liv+ s\l1 may receive ! same z ! body4 ,! bi%op %all expla9 ! reason ( all ^! ?+s to ^? :o p>take4 ,& :5 he breaks ! bread & di/ributes ! fragm5ts he %all say3 ,! heav5ly bread 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,& ! recipi5t %all say1 ,am54 ,& ! presbyt]s--or if !re are n en\gh presbyt]s1 ! deacons--%all hold ! cups1 & %all /& by ) rev]5ce & mode/y2 fir/ he :o holds ! wat]1 !n ! milk1 ?irdly ! w9e4 ,& ! recipi5ts %all ta/e ( ea* ?ree times1 he :o gives ! cup say+3 ,9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty2 & ! recipi5t %all say1 ,am54 ,!n3 ,9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 & he %all say1 ,am54 ,!n3 ,9#aba ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! holy *ur*2 & he %all say1 ,am54 ,s x %all be done to ea*4 ,& :5 ^! ?+s are complet$1 let ea* "o ha/5 to d good works1 ,,sah & to please ,god & to live aright1 devot+ himself to ! *ur*1 practis+ ! ?+s he has le>n$1 advanc+ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,n[ we h briefly deliv]$ to y ^! ?+s conc]n+ ! holy baptism & ! holy oblation1 = y h already be5 in/ruct$ conc]n+ ! resurrection ( ! fle% & all o!r ?+s z taught 9 ,scripture4,yet if !re is any o!r ?+ t ought to be told to conv]ts1 let ! bi%op imp>t x to !m privately aft] _! baptism2 let n unbeliev]s "k x1 until !y are baptiz$3 ?is is ! :ite /one ( :i* ,john said3 8,!re is ^u x a new "n writt51 :i* no "o kn[e? b he t receive? ! /one04 ,,"p ,,iii ,,gre#abbbe4abc ,wid[s & virg9s %all fa/ frequ5tly & %all pray = ! *ur*2 presbyt]s1 if !y wi%1 & laym5 may fa/ likewise4 ,b ! bi%op may fa/ only :5 all ! p fa/4 #bf4 ,= x con/antly happ5s t "s "o wi%es to make an (f]+--& su* a "o mu/ n be d5i$--& !n ! bi%op1 aft] break+ ! bread1 mu/ 9 e case ta/e ,,sah & eat x ) ! o!r believ]s4 ,at su* an (f]+ ea* %all take f ! bi%op's h& a piece ( ?is bread be=e break+ 8 own bread4 ,?is s]vice has a special c]emonial#abd = x is 8a ,bless+01 n 8a ,?anksgiv+01 z is ! s]vice ( ! ,body ( ! ,"l4#abe ,b be=e dr9k+1 ea* "o1 ,,lat z _m ( y z are pres5t1 ,,sah mu/ take a cup & give ?anks ov] x1 ,,lat & s g to y\r meal4 ,b to ! cate*um5s is giv5 exorcis$ bread1 & ea* ( !m mu/ (f] ! cup4 ,no cate*um5 %all sit at ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,b at ea* act ( (f]+1 ! (f]] mu/ rememb] 8 ho/1 = he 0 invit$ to ! latt]'s home = t v purpose4 ,b :5 y eat & dr9k1 d s 9 an ord]ly mann] & n s t anyone may mock1 or y\r ho/ be sadd5$ by y\r unrul9ess1 b behave s t he may pray to be made wor?y t ! sa9ts may ent] 8 dwell+3 8= ye01 x is said1 8are ! salt ( ! e>?04 ,if ! (f]+ %\ld be "o made to all ! gue/s jo9tly1#abf take y\r portion f y\r ho/ & dep>t4 ,b if all are to eat !n & !re1 d n eat to excess1 s t y\r ho/ may likewise s5d "s ( :at ! sa9ts leave to :omsoev] he w & s may rejoice 9 ! fai?4 ,b :ile ! gue/s are eat+1 let !m eat sil5tly1 n argu+1 att5d+ to#abg su* ?+s z ! bi%op may tea*1 b if he %\ld ask any "q1 let an answ] be giv5 him2 & :5 he says any?+1 ev]yone 9 mode/ praise %all keep sil5ce until he asks aga94 ,& ev5 if ! bi%op %\ld be abs5t :5 ! fai?ful meet at a supp]1 if a presbyt] or a deacon is pres5t !y %all eat 9 a simil> ord]ly fa%ion1 & ea* %all be c>eful#abh to take ! bless$ bread f ! presbyt]'s or deacon's h&2 & 9 ! same way ! cate*um5s %all take ! same exorcis$ bread4 ,b if only laym5 meet1 let !m n act presumptu\sly1 = a layman _c bless ! bless$ bread4#abi ,let ea* "o eat 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l2 = ?is is pleas+ to ! ,"l t we %\ld be jeal\s ( our good "n ev5 among ! hea!n1 all sob] alike4#acj #bg4 ,if anyone wi%es to give a meal to wid[s ( mature ye>s1 let him dismiss !m be=e ev5+4 ,b if1 on acc\nt ( exi/+ conditions1#aca he _c fe$ !m 9 8 h\se1 let him s5d !m away1 & !y may eat ( 8 food at _! homes 9 any way !y please4 #bh4 ,z soon z fir/-fruits appe>1 all %all ha/5 to (f] !m to ! bi%op4 ,& he %all (f] !m1 %all give ?anks & %all "n him :o (f]$ !m1 say+3 ,we give !e ?anks1 ,o ,god1 & we (f] !e ! fir/-fruits2 :i* ?\ ha/ giv5 u to enjoy1 n\ri%+ !m ?r\gh ?y ^w1 comm&+ ! e>? to br+ =? h] fruits = ! gladness & ! food ( m5 & all bea/s4 ,= all ^! ?+s we praise !e1 ,o ,god1 & = all ?+s :]e) ?\ ha/ bless$ u1 :o = u adorne/ e creature ) div]s fruits4 ,?r\gh ?y ,s]vant ,jesus ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 ?r\gh :om be to !e glory1 _w )\t end4 ,am54 ,only c]ta9 fruits may be bless$1 namely grapes1 ! fig1 ! pomegranate1 ! olive1 ! pe>1 ! apple1 ! mulb]ry1 ! pea*1 ! *]ry1 ! almond1 ! plum4 ,n ! pumpk91 nor ! melon1 nor ! cucumb]1 nor ! onion nor g>lic nor any?+ else hav+ an od\r4 ,b sometimes fl[]s too are (f]$2 "h ! rose & ! lily may be (f]$1 b no o!r4 ,b = ev]y?+ t is eat5 %all !y :o eat x give ?anks to ! ,holy ,god1 eat+ unto ,8 glory4 #bi4 ,let no "o at ! pas*al season#acb eat be=e ! (f]+ is made1#acc o!rwise he %all n be cr$it$ ) ! fa/4 ,b if any woman is ) *ild1 or if anyone is sick & _c fa/ = two days1 let su* a "o1 on acc\nt ( 8 ne$1 at lea/ fa/ on ,saturday1 cont5t+ himself ) bread & wat]4 ,b if anyone on a voyage or = any o!r necess>y cause %\ld n "k ! day1 :5 he has le>n$ ! tru? he %all po/pone 8 fa/ until aft] ,p5teco/4 ,= ! anci5t type has pass$ away1 & s ! po/pon$ fa/ ( ,numb]s #i4 #aa 9 ! second mon? has ceas$1 & ea* "o ought to fa/ 9 accord ) 8 k ( ! tru?4#acd #cj4 ,ea* ( ! deacons1 ) ! subdeacons1 %all be al]t on ! bi%op's behalf1 = ! bi%op mu/ be in=m$ if any are sick s t1 if he pleases1 he may visit !m2 = a sick man is greatly com=t$ :5 ! high prie/ is m9dful ( him4 ,,sah #cc4ace ,let ! deacons & ! presbyt]s assemble daily at ! place :i* ! bi%op may appo9t2 let ! deacons 9 p>ticul> nev] fail to assemble unless prev5t$ by sickness4 ,:5 all h met !y %all in/ruct ^? :o are 9 ! *ur*1 & !n1 aft] pray]1 ea* %all g to 8 appo9t$ duties4 #cd4 ,no exorbitant *>ge %all be made = burial 9 ! cemet]y1 = x belongs to all ! poor2 only ! hire ( ! grave-digg] & ! co/ ( ! tile = clos+ ! ni*e 9 ! catacombs %all be ask$4 ,! wages ( ! c>etak]s are to be paid by ! bi%op1 le/ any ( ^? :o g to t place be burd5$ ) a *>ge4 ,,"p ,,iv #ce4 ,let all ! fai?ful1 :e!r m5 or wom51 :5 e>ly 9 ! morn+ !y rise f _! sleep & be=e !y und]take any tasks1 wa% _! h&s & pray to ,god2 & s !y may g to _! duties4 ,b if any in/ruction 9 ,god's ^w is held t day1 ev]yone ought to att5d x will+ly1#acf recollect+ t he w he> ,god speak+ ?r\gh ! in/ructor &#acg t pray] 9 ! *ur* enables him to avoid ! day's evil2 any godly man ought to c\nt x a great loss if he does n att5d ! place ( in/ruction1 especially if he c read4 ,if a specially gift$#ach tea*] %\ld come1 let none ( y delay#aci to att5d ! place :]e ! in/ruction is giv51 = grace w be giv5 to ! speak] to utt] ?+s pr(itable to all1 & ?\ wilt he> new ?+s1#adj & ?\ wilt be pr(it$ by :at ! ,holy ,_s w give !e ?r\gh ! in/ructor2 s ?y fai? w be /r5g!n$ by :at ?\ he>e/1 & 9 t place ?\ wilt le>n ?y duties at home2 !re=e let ev]yone be zeal\s to g to ! *ur*1 ! place :]e ! ,holy ,_s ab\nds4#ada #cf4 ,b if on any day !re is no in/ruction1 let ev]yone at home take ! ,bible & read suffici5tly 9 passages t he f9ds pr(itable4 ,if at ! ?ird h\r ?\ art at home1 pray !n & give ?anks to ,god2 b if ?\ *ance to be abroad at t h\r1 make ?y pray] to ,god 9 ?y he>t4 ,= at t h\r ,*ri/ 0 nail$ to ! tree2 !re=e 9 ! old cov5ant ! law comm&$ ! %[bread to be (f]$ cont9ually = a type ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & comm&$ ! sacrifice ( ! dumb lamb1 :i* 0 a type ( ! p]fect ,lamb2 = ,*ri/ is ! ,%eph]d1 & he is also ! ,bread t came d[n f heav54 ,at ! six? h\r likewise pray also1 =1 aft] ,*ri/ 0 nail$ to ! wood ( ! cross1 ! day 0 divid$ & !re 0 a great d>kness2 :]e=e let ! fai?ful pray at t h\r ) an effectual pray]1 lik5+ !mselves to ! voice ( him :o pray$ & caus$ all creation to become d>k = ! unbeliev+ ,jews4 ,& at ! n9? h\r let a great pray] & a great ?anksgiv+ be made1 su* z made#adb ! s\ls ( ! righte\s ones1 bless+ ! ,"l1 ,,lat ! ,god :o does n lie1 :o 0 m9dful ( 8 sa9ts & s5t =? 8 ,^w to enlight5 !m4 ,at t h\r1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ p\r$ =? f 8 pi]c$ side wat] & blood1 & br\ght ! re/ ( ! "t ( t day ) light to ev5+2 s1 :5 he fell asleep1 by mak+ ! beg9n+ ( ano!r day he complet$ ! patt]n ( 8 resurrection4 ,pray aga9 be=e ?y body re/s on ?y b$4 ,at midnight arise1 wa% ?y h&s ) wat] & pray4 ,& if ?y wife is ) !e1 pray ye bo? toge!r2 b if %e is n yet a believ]1 g into ano!r room & pray1 & aga9 return to ?y b$2 be n slo?ful 9 pray]4 ,he :o has us$ ! m>riage b$ is n defil$2 = !y :o are ba!d h no ne$ to wa% aga91 = !y are clean4 ,by sign+ ?yself ) ?y moi/ brea?1 & s spread+ spittle#adc on ?y body ) ?y h&1 ?\ art sanctifi$ to ?y feet2 = ! gift ( ! ,_s & ! spr9kl+ ) wat]1 :5 x is br\ght ) a believ+ he>t z x 7 f a f\nta91 sanctifies him :o believes4 ,x is ne$ful to pray at ?is h\r2 = ^? v eld]s :o gave u ! tradition taught u t at ?is h\r all creation re/s = a c]ta9 mom5t1 t all creatures may praise ! ,"l3 />s & trees & wat]s /& /ill ) "o accord1 & all ! angelic ho/ does s]vice to ,god by prais+ ,him1 toge!r ) ! s\ls ( ! righte\s4 ,= ?is cause believ]s %\ld be zeal\s to pray at ?is h\r2 = ! ,"l1 te/ify+ to ?is1 says3 8,behold at midnight is a cry1 ,behold ! ,bridegroom come?6 ,rise up to meet him602 & he adds insi/5tly3 8,wat* ye !re=e1 = ye "k n at :at h\r he come?04 ,& at cockcr[ rise up & pray likewise1 = at t h\r ( cockcr[ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel d5i$ ,*ri/1 :om we h kn[n by fai?2 by :i* fai?1 9 ! hope ( et]nal life at ! resurrection ( ! dead1 we look = 8 ,day4 ,& s1 all ye fai?ful1 if ye ?us act1 & are m9dful ( ^! ?+s1 & tea* !m to "o ano!r1 & cause ! cate*um5s to be zeal\s1 ye c nei!r be tempt$ nor c ye p]i%1 s9ce ye h ,*ri/ always 9 y\r m9ds4 #cg4add ,b imitate him always1 by sign+ ?y =ehead s9c]ely2 = ?is is ! sign ( 8 ,passion1 manife/ & approv$ aga9/ ! devil if s ?\ make/ x f fai?2 n t ?\ maye/ appe> to m51 b kn[+ly (f]+ x z a %ield4 ,= ! adv]s>y1 see+ its p[] com+ f ! he>t1 t a man displays ! publicly =m$ image ( baptism1#ade is put to flight2 n because ?\ spitte/1 b because ! ,_s 9 !e brea!s him away4 ,:5 ,moses =m$ x by putt+ ! blood ( ! ,pas*al lamb t 0 sla9 on ! l9tel & ano9t+ ! side-po/s1 he signifi$ ! fai? :i* n[ we h 9 ! p]fect ,lamb4 #ch4adf ,& s1 if ^! ?+s are accept$ ) ?anksgiv+ & "r fai?1 !y give edification 9 ! *ur* & et]nal life to believ]s4 ,i c\nsel t ^! ?+s be kept by all :o "k aright2 = ov] all :o he> ! apo/olic tradition ,,sah & keep x1 no h]etics or any o!r man w prevail to lead !m a/ray4 ,= ! _m h]esies h increas$ because _! lead]s w\ld n le>n ! purpose ( ! apo/les b act$ accord+ to _! own wills1 foll[+ _! lu/s & n :at 0 "r4 ,n[1 belov$1 if we h omitt$ any?+1 ,god w reveal x to ^? :o are wor?y1 guid+ ! holy *ur* to its moor+ 9 ,god's quiet hav54 ,,lat] ,,additions ,,e? #bd4 ,on ,saturday & ,sunday ! bi%op %all :5ev] possible give ! p ! bread ) 8 own h&1 :ile ! deacons break x4 ,! presbyt]s too %all break ! bread to be deliv]$2 & :5ev] a deacon approa*es a presbyt] he %all hold out 8 robe1#adg & ! presbyt] %all take ! bread & deliv] x to ! p ) 8 h&4 ,on o!r days !y %all give ! bread z ! bi%op det]m9es4 ,on ?is section comp>e p4 #ca4 ,x may be fur!r obs]v$ t section #b is pretty cle>ly an addition4 ,,e? #bf4 ,9 "t ( ne$ ! deacon %all be dilig5t 9 giv+ ! bless$ bread#adh to ! sick4 ,if !re is no presbyt] to give out :at is to be di/ribut$1 ! deacon %all pron\nce ! ?anksgiv+ & %all sup]vise#adi ^? :o c>ry x away1 to make sure t !y att5d to _! duty & prop]ly di/ribute ! bless$ food2 ! di/ributors mu/ give x to ! wid[s & ! sick4 ,:oev] is entru/$ ) ! duty by ! *ur*#aej mu/ di/ribute x on ! same day2 if he does n1 he mu/ at lea/ d s on ! next day ) ! addition ( :at is !n giv5 him4 ,= x is n 8 own prop]ty2 x is giv5 him only 9 tru/ z bread = ! poor4 ,:5 ev5+ has come & ! bi%op is pres5t1 ! deacon %all br+ 9 a lamp4 ,!n ! bi%op1 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! believ]s1 be=e giv+ ?anks %all fir/ give ! salutation3 ,! ,"l be ) y all4 ,& ! p %all say3 ,& ) ?y _s4 ,& ! bi%op %all say3 ,let u give ?anks to ! ,"l4 ,& ! p %all say3 ,x is meet & "r3 ,maje/y1 exaltation & glory are due to ,him4 ,b !y %all n say 8,lift up y\r he>ts01 = t belongs to ! oblation4 ,& he prays ?us1 say+3 ,we give !e ?anks1 ,o ,god1 because ?\ ha/ enlight5$ u by reveal+ ! incorruptible light4 ,s we1 hav+ f9i%$ ! l5g? ( a day1 & be+ come to ! beg9n+ ( ! night1 satisfi$ ) ! light ( ! day t ?\ ha/ creat$ = our satisfaction2 & n[1 s9ce by ?y grace we lack n a light = ! ev5+1 we sanctify !e & we glorify !e4 ,?r\gh ?9e only ,son our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om be to !e ) him glory & might & hon\r ) ! ,holy ,_s1 n[1 etc4#aea ,& !y %all all say3 ,am54 ,!n1 ris+ up aft] supp]1 ! *ildr5 & virg9s hav+ pray$1 !y %all s+ psalms4 ,!n ! deacon1 hold+ ! mix$ cup ( ! (f]+1 %all say a ,hallelujah ,psalm4#aeb ,!n1 ! presbyt] hav+ comm&$1 8,& also su*-&-su* ,psalms01 aft] ! bi%op has (f]$ ! cup#aec ) ! prop] ?anksgiv+1 all %all say 8,hallelujah0 z ! ,psalms are sung4 ,& !y %all say3 ,we praise ,him :o is ,god mo/ high2 ,glorifi$ & prais$ is ,he1 ,:o f\nd$ ! _w ) a s+le ^w4#aed ,!n1 :5 ! ,psalm is complet$1 he %all give ?anks ov] ! bread1 & %all give ! fragm5ts to all ! believ]s4 ,on ^! sections comp>e p4 #ca4 ,an ev5+ s]vice1 t includ$ br++ 9 ! lamp1 is widespread 9 e>ly ,*ri/ianity & is ev5tually d]iv$ f ,judaism2 ! p>ticul> s]vice describ$ "h is a prelude to a congregational agape4 ,!re is no?+ 9 sections #ah-cb t necess>ily implies a date lat] ?an ,hippolytus1 b ! c]emony is badly plac$ betwe5 ! private agapes & ! equally private meals = ! wid[s1 & x is foll[$ by a duplication ( #bf4 #b1 #aj-ab4 ,,lat #ca4 ,! fai?ful1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 z soon z !y h awak$ & aris51 be=e !y und]take _! tasks %all pray to ,god & s may !n g to _! duties4 ,b if any in/ruction 9 ! ^w is held1 let ea* give fir/ place to t1 t he may att5d & he> ! ^w ( ,god1 to 8 s\l's com=t2 s let ea* "o ha/5 to ! *ur*1 :]e ! ,_s ab\nds4 #cb4 ,b let ea* ( ! fai?ful be zeal\s1 be=e he eats any?+ else1 to receive ! eu*>i/2 = if anyone receives x ) fai?1 aft] su* a reception he _c be h>m$ ev5 if a deadly poison %\ld be giv5 him4 ,b let ea* "o take c>e t no unbeliev] ta/e ! eu*>i/1 nor a m\se nor any o!r animal1 & t no?+ ( x fall or be lo/2 = ! body ( ,*ri/ is to be eat5 by believ]s & mu/ n be despis$4 ,! cup1 :5 ?\ ha/ giv5 ?anks 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 ?\ ha/ accept$ z ! image ( ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e let none ( x be spill$1 s t no ali5 _s may lick x up1 z if ?\ did/ despise x2 ?\ %alt be guilty ( ! blood1 z if ?\ did/ scorn ! price ) :i* ?\ ha/ be5 b\ght4#aee ,9 ! ,ori5tal v]sions ! position ( *apt]s #ca-cb betwe5 *apt]s #cj & #cc is impossible4 ,*apt] #cj addresses ! *ur*'s (fic]s1 *apt]s #ca-cb individuals1 *apt]s #cc-cd ! (fic]s1 & *apt] #ce individuals aga92 *apt] #ca1 9 addition1 is only a cond5sation ( #ce4 #a-c4 ,b ! ,haul] manuscript cle>s up ! difficulty4 ,9 x *apt] #cb is foll[$ imm$iately by ! ,lat9 ,a =m ( #cg4 #a-ch4 #b;a1 break+ (f at ! end ( a leaf ) 8apo0 7= 8apo/olic074 ,! next leaf beg9s ) 8,god0 9 ! middle ( #cf4 #e1 & ! text cont9ues ?r\gh #cf1 gives ! ,lat9 ,b =m ( #cg4 #a-ch4 #b;a & breaks (f ?is "t ) 8tra0 = 8tradition04 ,s two v]sions ( ! "w 7 curr5t ) diff]5t end+s2 9 "o *apt] #cj 0 foll[$ by #ca-cb & ! ,a conclusion1 9 ! o!r x 0 foll[$ by #cc-ce & ! ,b conclusion4 ,9 ! ,haul] manuscript bo? end+s 7 reproduc$1 al?\gh ! leaves conta9+ ! la/ two s5t5ces ( ! fir/ & a consid]able "p ( ! second h be5 lo/4 ,9 ! ,ori5tal v]sions--or ! ,greek codex und]ly+ !m--! gl>+ duplication caus$ by ! end+ aft] #cb 0 suppress$1 al?\gh ! d\bl+ ( #ce4 #a-c 9 #ca rema9$4 ,s9ce *apt] #cd is unmi/akably ,roman & consequ5tly ,hippolytean1 ! long] end+ is orig9al2 *apt] #cc1 moreov]1 is p]fectly 9 place aft] *apt] #cj4 ,s ,s*w>tz#aef & ,jungklaus are correct 9 hold+#aeg t *apt] #cb is n by ,hippolytus2 ! only alt]native w\ld be to assume t he issu$ two v]sions ( 8 book ) diff]5t end+s--a difficult supposition t w\ld leave unexpla9$ :y ! v important practice /ress$ 9 *apt] #cb is omitt$ 9 ! long] v]sion4 ,on ! o!r h& x is true1 z ,connolly argues1#aeh t ! rules ( *apt] #cb are truly ?ird-c5tury4 ,! cu/om accord+ to :i* ea* ,*ri/ian kept ! consecrat$ eu*>i/ 9 8 h\se & receiv$ x ea* morn+ is atte/$ 9 ,t]tullian's ,to 8 ,wife ,,ii1 #e1 & ! reason giv5 7,m>k #af4 #ah7 = receiv+ fa/+ is n t ( ! lat] *ur* 7comp>e on *apt] #bi72 ,connolly obs]ves fur!r t ! home res]vation ( consecrat$ w9e z well z consecrat$ bread is unkn[n else:]e4 ,v curi\s1 too1 is ! phrase 8:5 ?\ ha/ giv5 ?anks0 9 section #c1 = ! section z a :ole is address$ to ! laity4 ,is !re "h "s rem9isc5ce ( e>li] corporately celebrat$ eu*>i/s1 l ! agapes 9 *apt] #bf8 ,or are #c-d a lat] addition1 address$ to ! cl]gy8 ,or is !re textual confusion8 ,,notes #a ,*>act]i/ic ( ,hippolytus's /yle are 8 frequ5t summ>ies ( ! progress ( 8 treatises2 comp>e #af4 #be2 #bc4 #ac2 ,philosophum5a1 ,proem42 i1 #bc4 #d1 etc4 ,! op5+ s5t5ce is obscure1 b ,connolly's explanation 7pp4 #afa-afb7 appe>s ! mo/ likely3 ,man1 made 9 ,god's image1 w5t a/ray1 b ?r\gh ! ,inc>nation ,god re/or$ humanity by pres5t+ to ,himself ,*ri/1 ! p]fect ,man4 #b4 ,on ! phrase translat$ 8mo/ important !me0 comp>e ,connolly1 p4 #afa2 ! orig9al ,greek ^w 0 presumably 4 #c4 ,if ! 8*ur*es0 are ! diff]5t ,roman congregations--an unusual s5se--,hippolytus speaks simply z a bi%op2 if ! mean+ is 8at ,rome & else:]e0 he speaks n only z a bi%op b z a tea*] ( em95t au?ority4 #d4 ,! 8lapse or error0 is ! ,zephyr9us-,calli/us 8s*ism04 ,z ,hippolytus speaks ( x z a rec5t ev5t1 ! date ( ! treatise _c be f> f #bag4 ,,"p ,i ,ord9ation #b ,,! ,,bi%op ,an episcopal election is /ill 9 ! h&s ( ! 8multitude0 7comp>e ,acts #f4 #b71 ! cl]gy z yet hav+ no di/9ct voice 9 !ory4 ,r curi\sly no qualifications are giv5 = ! bi%op2 contra/1 e4g41 #a ,timo?y #c4 #b-g or ! expansions 9 ! ,con/itutions & ! ,te/am5t4 ,! bi%op's functions are ess5tially ! same z 9 ! ,ignatian ,epi/les3 z ! embodim5t ( 8 *ur*'s unity he is ! c5tre & head ( all its activities1 :e!r 9 tea*+1 wor%ip1 or discipl9e4 ,! title 8high prie/01 h[ev]1 is n us$ by ,ignatius1 & 9 ! extant ,*ri/ian lit]ature fir/ occurs 9 ,t]tullian1 ,on ,baptism #ag 7ca4 #bje72 ,hippolytus also uses 8high-prie/hood0 ( ! episcopal (fice 9 ,philosophum5a1 ,proem4 #f4 ,simil>ly ,t]tullian calls ! presbyt]s 8prie/s0 9 8 ,exhortation to ,*a/ity #g1 #aa 7ca4 #baj71 & 9 #i4 #b ( our treatise ,hippolytus describes _! "w z 8prie/hood04 ,?is appe>ance ( sac]dotal titles = ,*ri/ian m9i/]s--some?+ t is =eign to ! ,new ,te/am5t--0 a consequ5ce ( ! adoption ( sacrificial t]ms = ,*ri/ian wor%ip3#aei sacrifices are (f]$ by prie/s4 ,s ,dida*e #ac4 #c describes ! prophets z 8y\r high prie/s0 7comp>e #ae4 #a71 :ile ,ignatius 7,philadelphians #d7 writes 8"o alt>1 z "o bi%op04 ,consequ5tly x is m ?an probable t 8high prie/0 & 8prie/0 7 9 common--al?\gh by no means univ]sal--use among ,*ri/ians by ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,hippolytus's di/ru/ ( innovations corroborates ?is2 ap>t f anti-modali/ additions ! t]m9ology ( 8 consecration pray] c sc>cely be ?\ght to dep>t mu* f ! =ms 9 use 9 8 y\ng] days4 ,o!rwise ! bi%op is said to 8fe$ ! flock01 a ,new ,te/am5t phrase#afj t 0 ( c\rse traditional2 to ,hippolytus x w\ld include bo? correct tea*+ ( doctr9e & fai?ful adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts4 ,s9ce 9 ,philosophum5a ,,ix1 #g he inveighs fi]cely aga9/ ,calli/us's claim to absolve grave s9s1 8to remit0 "h c ref] only to m9or (f5ces4 8,to assign ! lots0 /rictly con/ru$ w\ld mean 8to appo9t ! cl]gy01 b comp>e on #i4 #a4 8,to loose e bond0 is probably only a traditional liturgical g5]ality4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian 8,,sacrifices0 ,sacrificial t]ms 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 except :5 us$ to describe ! ,atonem5t1 are employ$ )9 ,*ri/ianity only 9 a transf]r$ s5se3 ! ,*ri/ian sacrifices are ei!r acts ( righte\sness1#afa ! r5d]+ ( pray] & praise1#afb or gifts giv5 to fell[-,*ri/ians4#afc ,9 ! po/-apo/olic age ?is la/ s5se 0 popul> & 9 "o p>ticul> application x 0 made a def9itely te*nical t]m4 ,*ri/ian wor%ip & ,*ri/ian social life c5tr$ 9 a 8table-bond02 ! specifically ,*ri/ian act ( wor%ip 0 ! eu*>i/1 :i* 9 apo/olic times 0 regul>ly celebrat$ 9 conjunction ) a meal ( "s sort1#afd & ev5 9 ,hippolytus's day _h n lo/ all traces ( ! e>li] cu/om 7*apt]s #e-f74 ,b ! ,*ri/ians 7 extremely fond ( o!r common meals z well1 ! 8agapes01 ( a less sacr$ b /ill def9itely religi\s nature 7*apt] #bf74 ,9 all ( ^! meals ! am\nt ( food requir$ 0 consid]able1 & provid+ x naturally entail$ real exp5se4 ,to supply ?is food1 consequ5tly1 0 a m]itori\s act1 :i* n only satisfi$ ! ne$s ( ! bre?r5 b enabl$ ! *ur* to hold a liturgical s]vice1 at :i* ! food 0 plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! congregation & 8bless$04#afe ,h5ce ! v>i\s foods 7 naturally call$ 8(f]+s01 & f ?is x 0 only a %ort /ep to call+ ! s]vice itself a 8sacrifice04 ,! ^w fir/ appe>s 9 ,dida*e #ad4 #a-b1 :]e x is us$ ( ! eu*>i/ or 7m probably7 ! eu*>i/-agape4 ,:5 ! t]m 0 def9itely adopt$ into ! ,*ri/ian vocabul>y1 its fur!r def9ition 9 ,old ,te/am5t language 0 inevitable4 ,"h ! ne>e/ analogue might h be5 f\nd 9 ! 8peace-(f]+s01 :i* 7 eat5 by ^? :o (f]$ !m4 ,b ! ,*ri/ians did n usually foll[ ,levitical di/9ctions closely1 & ,hippolytus 7#c4 #e7 speaks ( ! bi%op z 8propitiat+ ,god's c\nt5ance01 language t m prop]ly belongs to ! 8s9-(f]+s04 ,a special type ( ,*ri/ian (f]+ 7 ! fir/-fruits 7*apt] #bh71 :i* 7 likewise solemnly pres5t$ & 8bless$0 by ! bi%op4 ,!re 7 aga9 explicit ,old ,te/am5t analogies1 b 9 ,*ri/ianity 8sacrifice0 did n p]man5tly become a t]m = ?is cu/om4 #b4 ,notice ( ! election & ( ! ,sunday appo9t$ = ! consecration 0 s5t to ! neighb\r+ *ur*es1 ^: bi%ops w\ld naturally att5d z f> z !y 7 able4 #c4 ,! ass5t ( ! p 0 giv5 by acclamation2 accord+ to ! ,canons 9 ! =m 8,we *oose him60 ,! explicit injunction t ! presbyt]s mu/ n jo9 9 ! imposition ( h&s %\ld be not$2 ! ,arabic omits ! prohibition1 p]haps accid5tally1 b ! ,canons read 8,"o ( ! bi%ops & presbyt]s %all be *os5 to lay 8 h& ^u 8 head04 ,comp>e on #i4 #e-h4 ,9 ! ,con/itutions ! deacons hold ! book ( ! ,gospels ov] ! p]son to be consecrat$4 #c ,! ,jewi% backgr\nd ( ?is pray] is extremely m>k$1 & #b-c may well h be5 tak5 bodily f "s synagogue =mula2 ,*ri/ianity is reg>d$ z ! ord]ly cont9uation ( ,old ,te/am5t ,judaism4 #d4 8,royal0 7m precisely 8pr9cely07 r5d]s 1 tak5 f ! ,septuag9t v]sion ( ,psalm #ea4 #ab 7#ej4 #ad74 ,! ,epitome's abbreviation 9 ?is passage avoids sugge/+ t until a def9ite mom5t ! ,son did n possess ! ,_s 7,connolly1 p4 #aea74 ,! unabbreviat$ text is practically only a comb9ation ( ,mat!w #c4 #af & ,john #bj4 #bb1 b ! result is s def9itely anti-modali/ic t x is probably ! "w ( ,hippolytus2 ! language is ov]-precise = a pray]4 #e4 8,?\ :o kn[e/ ! he>ts ( all0 is f ,acts #a4 #bd1 b su* exact ,scriptural language is m *>act]i/ic ( ! f\r? c5tury ?an ! ?ird4 ,:ile ! emphasis is on ! bi%op's (f]+ ! 8gifts01 8 pray]s = 8 flock are c]ta9ly n exclud$ z "p ( 8 high-prie/ly m9i/ry 7,hebrews #g4 #be1 etc474 #f4 ,! 8od\r ( sweet sav\r0 is ! (f]+ ( a holy life1 z 9 ,romans #ab4 #a4 #g4 ,! doxology is t giv5 9 ! ,epitome & presuppos$ 9 ! ,canons & ,te/am5t1 ) ! sub/itution ( 8?r\gh :om0 7s ! o!r s\rces7 = 8) :om0 7a peculi>ity ( ! ,epitomi/74 ,aft] 8hon\r0 ! ,lat9 & ,e?iopic ins]t 8to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son04 8,s]vant0 z a liturgical title = ,*ri/ comes f ,acts #d4 #bg1 #cj2 ! lat] v]sions naturally sub/itute 8,son04 ,! ,sahidic & ! ,arabic omit ! consecration pray] entirely1 presumably because x did n accord ) local use4 ,! ,canons p>aphrase ,hippolytus's =m slightly2 ! ,con/itutions & ! ,te/am5t enl>ge x greatly4 ,= ! sake ( comp>ison ,s>apion's pray] may be giv53 ,?\ :o did/ s5d ! ,"l ,jesus = ! ga9 ( ! :ole _w1 ?\ :o did/ ?r\gh him *oose ! apo/les1 ?\ :o g5]ation by g5]ation did/ orda9 holy bi%ops1 ,o ,god ( tru?1 make ?is bi%op also a liv+ bi%op1 wor?y 787 ( ! succession ( ! holy apo/les1 & give to him grace & div9e ,_s1 t ?\ did/ freely give to all ?9e own s]vants & prophets & patri>*s3 make him to be wor?y to %eph]d ?y flock1 & let him /ill cont9ue unblamably & un(f5d+ly 9 ! bi%opric4 ,x w be obs]v$ t "h ! ref]5ces to ! ,old ,te/am5t are almo/ non-exi/5t & t !re is no m5tion ( high-prie/ly functions4 #d-f ,,! ,,eu*>i/ ,fundam5tal = any compreh5sion ( ! fir/ liturgical hi/ory ( ! eu*>i/ is ! fact t among ,jews a 8bless+0 ( food is )\t exception a 8?anksgiv+02 a ,jew nev] says 8,bless ?is food01 b always 8,bless$ be ,god04 ,s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :5 su* a bless+ is 9 "q1 & are us$ )\t di/9ction2 comp>e1 e4g41 ,m>k #h4 #f-g4 ,! v>i\s ,jewi% bless+s 9 _! olde/ lit]>y =ms are collect$ 9 ! ,mi%nah tractate ,b]akho?2#aff ?is 0 f9ally compil$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 b mo/ ( its cont5ts are mu* e>li]2 note 9 *apt] #h ! acc\nt ( ! pre-,*ri/ian controv]sy betwe5 ! s*ools ( ,hillel & ,%ammai4 ,! =m ( all ! bless+s is ! same2 aft] ! op5+ words ( praise ! wor%ipp] recites ! p>ticul> act ( ,god = :i* ?anksgiv+ is due4 ,s ov] bread ! =mula is3 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,o ,god1 ,k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o ha/ br\ght =? bread f ! gr\nd2 & ov] w9e3 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,o ,god1 ,k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o ha/ creat$ ! fruit ( ! v9e4 ,!re is no real reason to d\bt t ^! 7 ! words us$ by ,*ri/ at ! ,la/ ,supp] :5 he 8gave ?anks02 ,m>k #ad4 #be takes up ! bless+ us$ ov] ! cup4 ,to eat )\t ?anksgiv+ 0 a s91 & he :o did s at lea/ violat$ ,god's law comm&+ ?ankfulness4 ,b mo/ ,jews w\ld also h held t unbless$ food is unfit = consumption1 & t pron\nc+ ! b5$iction removes ?is quasi-uncleanness1 i4e41 8hall[s0 x3 8,no?+ is to be reject$1 if x be receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+2 = x is sanctifi$ ?r\gh ! ^w ( ,god#afg & pray]04#afh ,9 o!r words1 ! act ( ?anksgiv+ 0 con/ru$ z hav+ a consecratory effect1 pot5t ev5 = ord9>y food & !re=e especially pot5t = sacr$ food4 ,s ,/ ,paul writes 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aj4 #af3 8,! cup ( ?anksgiv+ ov] :i* we give ?anks1 is x n a communion ( ! blood ( ,*ri/80 ,9 ,hippolytus ! same conception appe>s unambigu\sly 9 #ba4 #f & #bc1 b x also und]lies 8 use ( 8?anksgiv+0 9 #d4 #b & #aj4 #d4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce at ! ,*ri/ians' greate/ liturgical s]vice ! ess5tial =mula 0 a solemn ?anksgiv+1 ! s]vice itself & food consecrat$ at ! s]vice bo? came to be call$ simply 8,! ,?anksgiv+0 or 79 ,greek7 8,! ,eu*>i/04#afi ,&--c]ta9ly 9 ! second c5tury1 s9ce ,hippolytus gives ! =mula--! eu*>i/ic pray] 0 prefac$ by ! invitatory1 8,let u make our ?anksgiv+ to ! ,"l01 & ?is 9 turn by ! appropriate words1 8,lift up y\r he>ts04 ,s9ce extempore pray] 0 /ill l>gely practis$ 7#d71 ! cont5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ?anksgiv+s naturally v>i$ widely1 b x w\ld appe> inevitable t at fir/1 9 accord ) ,*ri/'s example1 ,god's provision ( food = m5 0 ! normal topic3 ! beautiful pray] 9 ! ,dida*e is =m$ on ?is model1 :i* ,hippolytus foll[s closely 9 *apt]s #e-f4 ,b ! ?\ght ( food 9 ! bread & w9e 0 ov]%ad[$ by ! ?\ght ( r$emption1 & ev5 9 ! ,dida*e ! e>?ly species only typify ! salvation wr\ght 9 ,*ri/4 ,9 *apt] #d ( ,hippolytus ! 8table0 =m ( ! bless+ is ab&on$ altoge!r = ! praise ( ,*ri/'s r$eem+ works1 & ! same is true ( practically all lat] liturgies4 ,z is entirely natural1 ,hippolytus's ?anksgiv+ concludes ) recit+ ! "w ( ,*ri/ mo/ vividly 9 m9d at ! mom5t3 8 in/itution ( ! rite t ! *ur* 0 engag$ 9 celebrat+4#agj ,! evid5ce ( ! lat] liturgies %[s u t ! purely ,*ri/ian objects ( ?anksgiv+ 9 ,hippolytus 7 by no means ! only ones = :i* ,god 0 bless$2 ?anks c\ld be giv5 ) entire appropriat5ess to ! ,fa!r = any ( ,8 b5efits f creation on4 ,= su* pray]s ,jewi% synagogue =mulas provid$ models t 7 freely utiliz$2 comp>e1 e4g41 ,con/itutions ,,vii1 #cc-ch4 ,^! ?anksgiv+s (t5 includ$ 7,,vii1 #ce1 #c7 or culm9at$ 9 ! hymn ( ,isaiah #f4 #c 78,sanctus071 & 9 ?is way ?is hymn pass$ into ! ,*ri/ian eu*>i/ic pray]s1 to become an all b univ]sal feature 9 !m4 ,9 ! liturgy 9 ! ,con/itutions x /&s at a place t %[s its orig91 at ! close ( ! 7,jewi%7 ?anksgiv+s = ,old ,te/am5t b5efits 7,,viii1 #ab1 #bg7 & be=e ! 7,*ri/ian7 ?anksgiv+s = ,*ri/'s inc>nate acts4 ,aft] ! completion ( ! ?anksgiv+ 7#d4 #aj7 ,hippolytus makes c]ta9 additions4 #d4 #aa decl>es t 9 p]=m+ ! rite ! *ur* rememb]s ,*ri/ accord+ to 8 comm&3 ?is is ! g]m ( :at 9 ! lat] liturgies is kn[n z ! 8anamnesis04 ,& ! (f]+ is =mally pres5t$ to ,god2 ?is likewise reoccurs regul>ly & is call$ ! 8oblation04 ,ei!r or bo? ( ^! features c\ld h be5 us$ 9 any eu*>i/ic pray] f ! e>lie/ "t4 #d4 #ab1 h[ev]1 %[s a lat] concept4 ,9 ! age ( ,hippolytus ! consecratory effect ( ?anksgiv+ 0 gr[+ unfamili>1 & a special petition 0 ?\ght ne$ful 9 ord] t ! bread & w9e might truly be made 8a communion0 ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,! liturgy's ?\ght is simple3 if e>?ly food is truly to become 8spiritual0 food1#aga ,god mu/ s5d ^u x ! ,_s4 ,! pray] is phras$ accord+ly1 & is ! fir/ kn[n in/ance ( :at is te*nically kn[n z ! 8invocation01 univ]sal 9 ,ea/]n liturgies1 al?\gh abs5t f ! pres5t ,roman4 ,b ! te/imony ( ,ir5aeus %[s t 9 ! late second c5tury at ,rome ! invocation 0 reg>d$ z ! truly consecratory =mula1#agb & ,hippolytus cont9ues ,ir5aeus' tradition4 ,hippolytus's use ( ! invocation %[s t only bread & w9e are (f]$ to ,god at ! oblation4 ,= 8 doctr9e ( communion see on #bc4 #a4 #d #b4 8,all ! presbyt]y0 jo9 ) ! bi%op 9 (f]+ ! gifts2 ! 8concelebration0 ( a lat] t]m9ology4 ,! cu/om is d]iv$ f a "t :5 ! local mon>*ical episcopate 0 n yet e/abli%$ & ! presbyt]s 7 normal (ficiants at wor%ip4#agc ,!y act 9 _! corporate capacity2 comp>e on *apt] #h4 #d4 ,if #aa is con/ru$ /rictly1 ! 8we0 ( ?is pray] %\ld be 8we1 ! bi%op & presbyt]s04 ,b ! plural pron\n orig9ally--& probably 9 ,hippolytus's op9ion also--meant 8all we ,*ri/ians 9 ?is congregation02 comp>e #d4 #ab1 8y\r sacrifice0 9 ,dida*e #ad & ! explicit language 9 ,ju/91 ,dialogue #aaf-aag4 8,mess5g] ( ?y c\nsel0 is f ! ,septuag9t ( ,isaiah #i4 #f2 x recurs 9 ,hippolytus's ,daniel comm5t>y 7,,iii1 #i1 #f7 & is us$ "h z an anti-modali/ t]m4 #e4 ,?is :ole s5t5ce is anti-modali/4 #f4 ,z 9 #c4 #d ! language is m !ological ?an liturgic4 #g4 ,*ri/'s h&s 7 spread out 9 appeal 7,isaiah #fe4 #b1 ,lam5tations #a4 #ag74 #h4 ,! 8b\nd>y po/0 is ! ,cross1 divid+ ! realms ( life & dea?4 #i4 ,! t]ms 9 ,*ri/'s words reg>d+ ! bread & ! cup are giv5 liturgical balance by introduc+ 1 8:i* is brok501 aft] 8body02 ?is addition f\nd its way into _m manuscripts ( #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #bd4 #aj4 ,! t]s5ess ( ?is phrase is effective4 ,9 ! ,lat9 translator's 8commemorationem facitis0 ! indicative is c]ta9ly a mi/ake1#agd :ile 8 8p]=m a memorial0 may be m]ely a ,lat9i/ic simplification ( 8d ?is 9 memory ( me02 ! ,pseudo-,ambrosian ,de ,sacram5tis has simil>ly 8commemorationem facietis0 & ! pres5t ,roman liturgy 8memoriam facietis04 ,by :at foll[s ! phrase "h means 8recall to our m9d04 #aa4 ,to 8dea?0 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #bf 8resurrection0 has be5 add$2 lat] liturgies at ?is po9t exp& freely4 ,lat] liturgical developm5t also connect$ 8memory0 & 8(f]0 closely1 plead+ ,*ri/'s dea? be=e ! ,fa!r4 #ab4 ,! pray] = unity e*oes ! habitual ,jewi% pray]s = ! return ( all ,israel to ,pale/9e2 comp>e ! ,dida*e4 #ac4 ,comp>e on #c4 #g4 ,9 ?is pray] z a :ole ! accumulation ( phrases 9 #e-f is l>gely due to ,hippolytus1 :o may likewise be responsible = p>ts ( #g-h4 ,b1 ev5 z x /&s1 x is notewor?y = its sobriety & directness1 bo? *>act]i/ic ( ! lat] ,roman liturgy until ,gallican floridity affect$ x4 ,! liturgical influ5ce ( ?is pray] has be5 incalculable4 ,x is ! basis ( ! liturgy 9 ! ,con/itutions1 ?r\gh :i* x det]m9$ ! =m & 9 "p ! word+ ( ! great ,ea/]n liturgies1 ,/ ,james1#age ,/ ,basil & ,/ ,*ryso/om4 ,9 ! o!r ,ea/]n rites its influ5ce is usually p]ceptible1 ?\gh less fundam5tal1 :ile 9 ! ,e?iopic *ur* x is /ill us$ almo/ un*ang$4 ,9 ! ,we/1 h[ev]1 lat] eu*>i/ic conceptions l$ to a diff]5t type ( liturgy4 ,hippolytus gives only ! vital "p ( ! c]emony1 :i* o!rwise 0 presumably mu* z x is describ$ 9 ,ju/91 ,apology #fg4 ,b p]haps at a consecration s]vice ! op5+ lessons & in/ruction 7 omitt$4 #e-f ,?is bless+ at ! eu*>i/ ( food o!r ?an ! bread & w9e is a remnant ( ! primitive cu/om :5 ! rite includ$ a meal2 9 ,hippolytus's day1 presumably1 ! *eese & olives 7 eat5 at ! s]vice & "p ( ! oil 0 sipp$1 ! rema9d] be+ res]v$ = ano9t+ ! sick4#agf ,p]haps only ,hippolytus's exagg]at$ rev]5ce = ! pa/ pres]v$ ! usage1 :i* at any rate soon disappe>$4 ,none ( ! o!r v]sions ( 8 treatise reta9 *apt] #f1 = :i* ! ,canons#agg sub/itute a bless+ ( fir/-fruits4 ,9 ! ,te/am5t ! oil is bless$ solely = ! sick1#agh & ?is is probably ! conception 9 ! ,e?iopic & ! ,canons4 ,! ,sahidic & ,arabic replace all ( #d-f ) a note t ! bi%op %\ld foll[ 8! 7local7 cu/om04 ,! usual ,old ,te/am5t backgr\nd to ^! pray]s ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out4 ,! pray] at ! bless+ ( ! oil has real aff9ities ) ! pray] /ill us$ 9 ! ,roman *ur* = bless+ ! 8oil ( ! sick0 at ! bi%op's ,maundy ,?ursday eu*>i/4 #f #b4 ,?is +5i\sly word$ pray] has no p>allel4 #c4 ,comp>e ,ze*>iah #d4 #ab4 #d4 ,comp>e ! ,jewi% use ( fix$ initial clauses 9 b5$ictions4 #h ,,presbyt]s 8,presbyt]0 is a te*nical t]m 9 ,judaism1 :i* e>ly ,*ri/ianity took ov]4#agi ,! ,jewi% conceptions at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era are be/ se5 9 ! ,mi%nah tractate ,sanh$r93#ahj ! presbyt]s1 9 virtue ( _! div9ely in/itut$ (fice 7,exodus #bd4 #i71 pres]v$1 int]pret$ & appli$ ! receiv$ tradition ( ,god's revelation1 & s 7 ! div9ely appo9t$ rul]s ( ,israel4 ,9 consequ5ce1 e ,jewi% community1 ev5 ! smalle/1 _h its presbyt]y1#aha :i* ex]cis$ all local gov]nm5tal functions4 ,:5 a vacancy occurr$1 ! presbyt]y elect$ a new memb]2 if he _h s]v$ z a presbyt] else:]e1 he 0 simply caus$ to 8take 8 seat02 if n1 ! presbyt]y orda9$ him by ! imposition ( h&s4 ,individual presbyt]s _h no au?ority1 :i* 0 possess$ solely by ! body z a :ole2 ?is pr9ciple 0 ma9ta9$ s rigor\sly t !re 7 n ev5 regul> presid+ (fic]s4#ahb ,if a prie/ 0 elect$ z a presbyt]1 he 0 orda9$ l anyone else4#ahc ,! same seems to h be5 true ( ! ,rabbis#ahd be=e ,a4,d4 #gj2 aft] t ye> !y took ov] :at 0 left ( ! presbyt]s' duties & 7 always orda9$4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! ,jewi% presbyt]s 7 community (fic]s1 n cult (ficials4 ,!y c\ld det]m9e h[ wor%ip %\ld be conduct$1 b z presbyt]s !y _h no special %>e 9 conduct+ x3 ?is 0 ! equal privilege ( all male ,israelites4#ahe ,9 p>ticul>1 :ile ! presbyt]s1 among _! o!r duties1 adm9i/]$ ! affairs ( ! local synagogue1 to def9e !m z 8eld]s ( ! synagogue0 is totally to misund]/& !m4 ,! introduction ( ! presbyt]ial sy/em into ,*ri/ianity (f]s a complicat$ problem1 into :i* x is unnecess>y to ent] "h4 ,x is en\gh to note t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :5 ! (fice is fully develop$--z 9 ,acts & ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les--! ,jewi% analogies are evid5t4 ,9 ,hippolytus's ord9ation pray] ! ,jewi% orig9 is explicitly recogniz$2 s mu* s t ! in/itution ( ! (fice is attribut$ to ,moses1 ^: sev5ty eld]s possess$ ! same gifts & functions z _! ,*ri/ian namesakes4 ,accord+ly ! ess5tial duties ( a presbyt] are simply to 8su/a9 & gov]n01#ahf & no o!r specific gifts are pray$ =4 ,s x is really conceivable t ,hippolytus's =mula reproduces ! sub/ance ( a ,jewi% ord9ation pray]4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ important s]vice 0 a fea/ 9 :i* ! :ole community jo9$1 :ile 9 ,judaism ! 7num]\s7 sacral meals 7 held by ea* family sep>ately4#ahg ,h5ce ! ,*ri/ian presbyt]s c\ld be call$ on = duties unlike ^? ( ! ,jewi% (ficials2 z ! lead]s ( ! community !y might well appe> z ! lead]s ( ! community's fea/4 ,& 9 fact1 z ! 8*>ismatic0 prophets1 tea*]s1 etc41 gradually disappe>$1 ! presbyt]s became ! normal (ficiants at ! eu*>i/4#ahh ,s x 0 only a "q ( "t until !y acquir$ sac]dotal titles2 comp>e #i4 #b 9 our treatise4 ,! introduction ( ! local mon>*ical episcopate trans=m$ ! presbyt]y f ! rul+ body into a m]e c\ncil ( advice = ! bi%op1 & s r$uc$ radically ! importance ( its memb]s4 ,!y _h a voice 9 discipl9>y affairs1 & !y clung t5aci\sly to _! %>e 9 (f]+ ! eu*>i/ & 9 ! ord9ation ( a new memb] to _! ranks4 ,o!rwise dur+ ! late second & ?ird c5turies _! duties#ahi might be little m ?an honor>y1 & 9 mo/ communities#aij ! presbyt]s probably devot$ _! weekdays to secul> occupations2 9 contra/ to ! bi%op & ! deacons4 #a4 ,9 #a ,timo?y #d4 #ad1 z 9 ,judaism1 ord9ation is by ! presbyt]y4 ,a diff]5t conception appe>s 9 #b ,timo?y #a4 #f1 & h>monization ( ! two produc$ ord9ation by ! bi%op & ! presbyt]y1 ! practice /ill ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,roman & ,anglican ,communions4 ,= ,hippolytus's !ory comp>e #i4 #d-h4 #b4 ,! v]bs 8su/a9 & gov]n0 are ! cognates ( ! n\ns translat$ 8helps1 gov]nm5ts0 9 #a ,cor9?ians #ab4 #bh4 ,b 9 #a ,cor9?ians two (fices are meant4 #c4 ,comp>e ,exodus #bd4 #i-aa4 ,t ^! eld]s 7 8fill$ ) ! ,_s0 is f ,numb]s #aa4 #be1 b ! specific m5tion ( ?is 9 an ord9ation pray] seems ,*ri/ian r ?an ,jewi%4 #d4 ,! bi%op "h includes himself ) ! presbyt]y1 p]haps a survival ( a =m us$ 9 pre-episcopal days4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic ?is pray] is reproduc$ almo/ un*ang$4 ,! ,epitome has3 ,almighty "l1 :o ?r\gh ,*ri/ ha/ creat$ all ?+s & ?r\gh him ha/ =ese5 all ?+s2 look ev5 n[ ^u ?y holy *ur*1 & give x increase1 & multiply its rul]s1 & grant !m might to lab\r ) ^w & "w = ! build+ up ( ?y p4 ,& n[ look ^u ?is ?y s]vant1 :o by ! voice & judgm5t ( all ! cl]gy is *os5 = ! presbyt]y1 & fill him ) ! ,_s ( grace & c\nsel1 t he may su/a9 & gov]n ?y p ) a pure he>t--z ?\ did/ look ^u ?y *os5 p & did/ comm& ,moses t he %\ld *oose presbyt]s1 :om ?\ did/ fill ) ! ,_s--t he1 be+ fill$ ) p[]s ( heal+ & words ( tea*+ 9 meekness1 may dilig5tly in/ruct ?is ?y p ) a pure m9d & a will+ s\l1 & may blamelessly complete ! m9i/rations = ?y p4 ,?r\gh ?y ,*ri/1 ) :om be to !e glory & wor%ip1 ) ! ,holy ,_s1 _w )\t end4 ,am54 ,?is pray] is evid5tly ,hippolytus's1 some:at enl>g$ & slightly revis$1 & ! only real diff]5ce is t ! bi%op no long] associates himself ) ! presbyt]y4 ,! ,con/itutions m]ely exp& ! ,epitome's pray] /ill fur!r ) a recital ( ,god's attributes4 ,9 ! ,te/am5t !re is an indep5d5t expansion ( ,hippolytus's =m1 b aga9 )\t significant v>iations4 ,s>apion has /ill ano!r p>aphrase1 b "o equally c5tr$ ab\t ! presbyt]'s tea*+ (fice4 ,! ,sahidic & ! ,arabic1 h[ev]1 provide t ! pray] us$ = ! consecration ( a bi%op %all also be us$ at ! ord9ation ( a presbyt]4 ,) ?is ! ,canons agree1 read+3 8,:5 a presbyt] is orda9$1 let all ?+s take place = him z take place = ! bi%op1 ) ! exception ( ! ^w #8bi%op'4 ,! bi%op is 9 e reg>d l ! presbyt]1 ap>t f ! ?rone & ! ord9ation1 = to ! latt] no p[] to orda9 is giv504 ,?is evid5ce is 9 accord ) ! well-kn[n fact t ! introduction ( ! mon>*ical episcopate came lat] 9 ,egypt ?an else:]e4 #i ,,deacons ,! developm5t ( ! diaconate 9 ! fir/ c5tury is extremely obscure1 b 9 ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les & #a ,clem5t 8presbyt]s0 are divid$ into 8bi%ops & deacons0--9 ^! works ! ?ree t]ms are nev] us$ toge!r--indicat+ specializations )9 ! presbyt]ate4 ,"s presbyt]s 7 especially conc]n$ 9 8ov]see+0 ! community & o!rs ) 8s]v+0 x--p>ticul>ly 9 *>itable works2 comp>e ! 8gov]nm5ts0 & 8helps0 9 #a ,cor9?ians #ab4 #bh4 ,:5 mon>*ical episcopacy 0 introduc$1 ! n[ m or less sup]num]>y 8ov]se]s0 7 less important ?an ! 8s]v]s01 :o became ! p]sonal assi/ants ( ! bi%ops4 ,! respective /atus 9 ! ?ird c5tury is set =? 9 ,didascalia1 *apt] #i 7 ,con/itutions ,,ii1 #bf1 #d-g73 8,let ! bi%op 444 be hon\r$ by y z ,god4444 ,! deacon is ) y z a type ( ,*ri/1 s let him be lov$ by y4 ,let ! deaconess be hon\r$ by y z a type ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,let ! presbyt]s be look$ on by y z a type ( ! apo/les04 #a4 ,! ref]5ce is app>5tly to *apt] #b1 ) no explanation h[ *oice by ! p is reconcil$ ) #c4 #f4 ,! ,sahidic1 ! ,te/am5t & ! ,canons agree ) ! ,lat91 b ! ,arabic1 ,e?iopic & ! ,con/itutions speak only ( ! bi%op4 ,b ! close relations betwe5 ! bi%op & ! deacons w\ld seem to make 8 fre$om ( *oice necess>y4 ,does ! abs5ce ( any provision = election 9 *apt] #h indicate t ! presbyt]s 7 /ill *os5 by ! presbyt]y8 #b-d4 ,any 7surviv+87 remnant ( ! conception ( deacons z 8s]v+ presbyt]s0 is dismiss$ summ>ily4 #e-h4 ,hippolytus is attempt+ to reconcile a c]emonial survival ( ! days :5 presbyt]s orda9$ ) ! doctr9e t ord9ation is ! pr]ogative ( bi%ops4 ,! result is incoh]5t2 if a presbyt] has no p[] to 8give01 :at is said ( ! 8common & l ,_s0 is po9tless4 ,&1 al?\gh ! passage appe>s intact 7or exp&$7 9 ! o!r v]sions1 #g-h read l a lat] addition4 ,b p]haps ^! are a !ory ( ,hippolytus's1 gloss$ on a traditional phrase4 #aj-ab4 ,! orig9al text ( ?is passage is v unc]ta94 ,! ,lat9 breaks (f ) 8(f]e01 & ! foll[+ words 9 ! ,e?iopic & ! ,te/am5t /ress :at 9 ,hippolytus is a m9or & n *>act]i/ic function ( ! deacons 7#d4 #b71 :ile _! *ief duties are ignor$4 ,moreov]1 nei!r ! ,con/itutions1 ! ,canons nor ,s>apion h any?+ correspond+2 all ?ree--9 widely diff]5t t]ms--petition = 8fai?fulness0 & 8wisdom02 all ?ree1 incid5tally1 quote ,acts #f4 ,x is wor? not+ t none ( ! s\rces call ! deacons 8,levites02 ?is title#aia appe>s to come 9 a lat] age :5--?r\gh ! *ange f local to diocesan episcopacy--! deacons became ! assi/ants ( ! presbyt]s4 ,! ,e?iopic#aib & ! ,con/itutions speak ( ! diaconate z a prep>ation = ! presbyt]ate3 ?is conception belongs to ! f\r?1 n ! ?ird1 c5tury4 #aj ,,confessors #a4 ,a true confessor is1 ipso facto1 a presbyt]4 ,?is decl>ation--:i* o!r conceptions h alt]$ 9 ! ,e?iopic & ! ,con/itutions--foll[s logically f ! orig9al def9ition ( a presbyt]'s duties3 s9ce 8 prim>y function is to be> witness to ! tru?1 & s9ce no witness c be m impressively borne ?an :5 9 dang] ( dea?1 a confessor proves t he has ! ,_s ( ! presbyt]ate4 ,h5ce ord9ation w\ld be otiose4 ,a /ill e>li] !ory is t set =? 9 ,h]mas1 ,visions ,,iii1 i1 :]e ! correct ranks ( ^? :o occupy ! 8b5*0 7( ! cl]gy7 is giv5 z 8confessors1#aic prophets1 presbyt]s01 z ?ree di/9ct ord]s2 9 ,hippolytus ! prophets disappe> & ! confessors are m]g$ ) ! 8regul>0 presbyt]s4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 z confessors multipli$1 obs]vance ( ?is rule w\ld h ov]load$ ! presbyt]ate to an impracticable degree1#aid al?\gh 9 ! small community ( ,hippolytus ! difficulty w\ld n be felt & ! traditional practice c\ld be ma9ta9$ inviolate4 ,b else:]e ! modification 9 ,con/itutions ,,viii1 #bc 0 no d\bt widely accept$3 ! (fice ( a confessor 0 "o ( great dignity1#aie b x did n include its hold] among ! cl]gy4#aif ,! ,e?iopic compromises3 a confessor is n yet a presbyt]1 b c claim episcopal ord9ation to ! presbyt]ate z a "r4 #b4 ,hippolytus treats ^! 8m9or0 confessors z ! ,con/itutions treat ! true confessors4 ,! o!r s\rces 7except ! ,con/itutions7 deal ) !m m g5]\sly4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic !y c claim ord9ation to ! diaconate1 9 ! ,arabic & ! ,canons to ! presbyt]ate1 9 ! ,sahidic to any (fice ( :i* !y are wor?y2 comp>e ! ,te/am5t4 ,! ,canons h a curi\s provision = a confessor :o is a slave 7& !re=e incapable ( receiv+ ord9ation72 su* a "o is 8a presbyt] = ! congregation01 ev5 ?\gh he does n receive 8! insignia ( ! presbyt]ate04 ,,conclusion ,,( ,,ord9al #c4 8,at e ord9ation ! eu*>i/ mu/ be (f]$40 #d4 ,comp>e ,ju/91 ,apology #fg1 :]e ! 8presid5t0 (f]s pray]s 8accord+ to 8 ability0 7 71 & ,t]tullian1 ,apology #cj3 8we pray 444 )\t a monitor1 = our pray]s are f ! he>t04 ,b extempore pray] 9 no way excludes frequ5t use ( traditional =mulas4 #aa-ae ,,m9or ,,ord]s ,9 ! major ord]s an end[m5t ( ! ,_s is s\ght by ! imposition ( h&s2 9 ! m9or ord]s p]sons are (ficially admitt$ to ! ex]cise ( gifts t !y already possess4 #aa #b-c4 ,! ev5tual s\rce is #a ,timo?y #e4 #a-af4 #d-e4 ,9 #a ,timo?y ! wid[s engage bo? 9 pray] 7v]se #e7 & 9 active "w 7v]se #aj74 ,9 ! ,didascalia & ,con/itutions ^! duties are divid$3 pray] is ! sole task ( ! 8wid[s01 :ile ^? to :om ! active "w is committ$ are call$ 8deaconesses04 ,! latt]1 except t !y h no "p 9 ! liturgy1 correspond 9 all respects to ! deacons1 & s naturally receive an ord9ation1 :ile ! 8wid[s0 are m]ely 8nam$04 ,s1 be=e ! di/9ction 0 e/abli%$1 ord9ation ( 7all87 wid[s 0 presumably fairly usual2 o!rwise ! vig\r ( ,hippolytus's prote/ is difficult to expla94 ,9 ,rome1 unlike ,syria1 active *ur* "w by wom5 0 disc\nt5anc$ & ! deaconesses did n make _! appe>ance4 ,on ! g5]al subject ( wom5's "w ! ,didascalia is a m9e ( in=mation4 #ab ,m5 :o c\ld read easily & cle>ly f a manuscript 7 n too common1 s t ! read] _h a position ( "s dignity4 ,! ,con/itutions1 9 fact1 make a major ord] ( ! (fice & ! pray] 7,,viii1 #bb7 besee*es 8! prophetic ,_s01 sugge/+ t read]s 7 expect$ to give "s exposition & tea*+4 ,bo? ! ,con/itutions & ! ,te/am5t treat read]%ip z a /ep t[>d high] advancem5t4 ,9 ! ,sahidic ! read] is giv5 ,/ ,paul's ,epi/les2 ,s*w>tz 7p4 #cb7 ?9ks ?is is orig9al4 #ac ,= ! developm5t ( ! /atus ( virg9s 9 ! *ur* ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! special lit]ature4 ,hippolytus1 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! ,te/am5t1 dismisses ! subject v briefly & ref]s to virg9s aga9 only 9 #be4 #a1 al?\gh ?is brevity ( treatm5t 9 a law book does n prove lack ( practical int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,z ! 8purpose0 0 publicly ann\nc$1 x correspond$ to ! lat] =mal v[4 #ad ,! acc\nt 9 ,acts #f 0 g5]ally int]pret$ z limit+ ! numb] ( deacons 9 any place to sev51 f> too few = effective s]vice 9 l>ge *ur*es4 ,s ea* deacon 0 giv5 an assi/ant to 8s]ve0 him2 comp>e *apt] #cj4 ,b ev5 ?is 0 inadequate 9 v l>ge communities1 & at ,rome ca4 #bej ! sev5 deacons & _! subdeacons 7 fur!r assi/$ by =ty-two acolytes 78foll[]s074#aig ,! subdiaconate ev5tually became a major ord] & x is s treat$ 9 ! ,con/itutions & ! ,te/am5t4 #ae ,! gift ( heal+ 7#a ,cor9?ians #ab4 #bh1 etc47 0 ! only "o ( ! primitive *>ismatic gifts to survive into ! ?ird c5tury 9 its orig9al =m1 & 9 ,hippolytus its purely *>ismatic nature is /ill recogniz$2 n only is !re no ord9ation b ! heal] is n ev5 8nam$04 ,b heal]s 9 ! specializ$ =m ( 8exorci/s0 =m a m9or ord] 9 ,rome a g5]ation lat]4#aih ,"o ( _! mo/ important functions 0 to assi/ 9 prep>+ cate*um5s = baptism2 comp>e #bj4 #c4 ,,"p ,,ii ,baptism #af-bj ,,cate*um5s ,9 ! apo/olic age conv]ts 7 accept$ ) little "q & 7 baptiz$ imm$iately on pr(ession ( fai?2#aii ! mission>y zeal ( ! new religion1 height5$ by ! expectation ( ! end ( ! _w1 s\ght only to compel m5 to come 94 ,naturally ?is en?usiasm 0 always temp]$ ) common s5se--no tea*] c\ld h baptiz$ e applicant--b ! doors 7 op5$ wide1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t gives no h9t ( any =mal tra9+ be=e reception4 ,! hope t defects w\ld be made up by ,*ri/ian grace 0 d\btless fulfill$ to a surpris+ degree1 b x 0 also (t5 griev\sly disappo9t$3 m5 7 admitt$ into ,*ri/ianity :o nei!r und]/ood its tea*+s nor desir$ to foll[ !m1 & x 0 f ?is class t ,gno/icism & o!r vag>ies drew _! recruits4 ,! acc\nt 9 ,acts #h4 #ah-bd is typical4 ,! result 0 a viol5t reaction t made entry into ! *ur* extremely difficult1 & no "o 0 p]mitt$ baptism until he _h pass$ ?r\gh a long & se>*+ probation call$ ! 8cate*um5ate04 ,z x appe>s fully develop$ 9 ! e>ly ?ird c5tury1 x mu/ rea* f> back into ! second or p]haps ev5 into ! fir/4 #af #a4 8,he>]s0 is p]haps us$ "h 9 its lat] te*nical s5se z a title = cate*um5s 9 _! fir/ /age4 ,9 ,hippolytus ! 8^w0 t !y are p]mitt$ to he> does n include ! ,gospel 7#bj4 #b72 else:]e !y 7 all[$ to rema9 at ! ,sunday s]vice until all ! liturgical lessons _h be5 read & ! s]mon _h be5 prea*$4 ,! 8tea*]s0 7 ^? employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! cate*um5s2 !y 7 n necess>ily cl]ics 7#ai4 #a7 & did n =m a special class4 #b-bd4 ,! reason = mo/ ( ^! rules is self-evid5t4 #ac4 ,greek education includ$ mu* "t sp5t on ,hom]1 ^: my?ology ! ,*ri/ians naturally reg>d$ z un$ify+4 ,b ! p]mission giv5 to s*oolma/]s to cont9ue _! call+ 9 case ( necessity %[s t no "o took ! ,hom]ic deities v s]i\sly4 #ag4 ,9 _m cases soldi]s 7 utiliz$ only = police duty1 b ,*ri/ian soldi]s 7 always 9 dang] ( be+ giv5 tasks inconsi/5t ) _! religion4 ,hippolytus probably does n consid] ! r infrequ5t possibility ( soldi]s be+ s5t to def5d ! fronti]s aga9/ b>b>ians4 ,! 8oa?0 invok$ hea!n deities4 #ah4 ,judges & milit>y (fic]s 7 con/antly call$ on to pron\nce & inflict capital puni%m5t4 ,!y 7 also inextricably involv$ 9 ! support ( emp]or-wor%ip4 #ai4 ,a man :o 0 already a soldi] c\ld be accept$ "u ! conditions ( #ag4 ,b no believ] 0 p]mitt$ volunt>ily to expose himself to su* temptations4 #bc4 ,s9ce ! woman 9 su* a case _h no p[] to alt] h] condition1 ,hippolytus's rule is s5sible & humane4 #bd4 ,m51 :o c\ld control _! conduct1 7 grant$ no su* concession4 #be4 ,a remnant ( ! old] *>ismatic tea*+2 ,comp>e #ch4 #d4 ,x is conjo9$ some:at oddly ) ^! detail$ legali/ic prescriptions2 ! "r to judge spiritually may be ex]cis$ only :]e ! law is n explicit4 ,& only ! cl]gy ex]cise ! gift4 #ag ,a ?ree ye>s cate*um5ate has p>allels 9 lat] practice1 b x repres5ts ab\t ! maximum4 #ah #a4 ,sep>ation ( cate*um5s f believ]s & m5 f wom5 0 c>ri$ out rigor\sly ?r\gh\t ! ,patri/ic age4 #c-d4 ,contra/ #bb4 #f4 ,! kiss ( peace m>k$ ! close ( ! s]vice t prec$$ ! eu*>i/ 7e4g41 ,con/itutions ,,viii1 #aa1 #i74 #e4 #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #aj4 #ai #a4 ,! imposition ( h&s 0 p>tly 9 bless+1 p>tly 9 exorcism 7#bj4 #c74 ,9 lat] days ! fir/ ( ^! impositions 0 reg>d$ z ! =mal admission to ! cate*um5ate4 #b4 ,a univ]sal ,patri/ic tea*+4 #bj #b4 ,hippolytus kn[s only two classes ( cate*um5s1 ! he>]s & ^? 8set ap>t04 ,subsequ5tly ! latt] 7 call$ 8elect01 8compet5t0 or 8enlight5$01 & an int]m$iate class 78kneel]s07 0 introduc$4 ,hippolytus says no?+ ab\t ! duration ( ?is la/ /age1 b f\r to six or m weeks is lat] common4 #c4 ,exorcism be=e baptism 0 univ]sally practis$ & has surviv$ 9 "s =m or o!r 9 practically all ! traditional baptismal liturgies4 ,x lacks ,new ,te/am5t prec$5t1 b is bas$ on ! dualism f\nd 9 ,john #ad4 #cj1 etc41 accord+ to :i* ?is _w--& s all its unreg5]ate inhabitants--is "u ! sway ( ,satan & 8 angels4 ,9 ,hippolytus's community ! exorcisms 7 presumably p]=m$ by ! tea*]s1 z he does n recognize exorci/s z a sep>ate class 7comp>e on *apt] #ae74 #d4 ,! text ( ! la/ clause is s unc]ta9 t ! mean+ ( ! :ole is dubi\s4 ,! ,te/am5t1 h[ev]1 ass]ts t ! episcopal exorcism is b\nd to make an unwor?y c&idate betray himself1 & !re is no reason to d\bt t ,hippolytus believ$ ! same4 #e4 ,! f9al selection & in/ruction took place on ! ,?ursday be=e ,ea/]4 8,ba?+0 0 done 9 a public ba?-h\se1 ) a supplem5t>y 8wa%+0 at home2 comp>e ,john #ac4 #aj4 #f4 ,mo/ religions1 z well z ,judaism1 reg>d$ a m5/ru\s woman z unclean4 #g4 ,all believ]s fa/$ on ,good ,friday 7#bi4 #a72 = ! cate*um5s ! fa/ 0 probably ?\ght to be purify+4 #h4 ,! ,te/am5t gives a l5g?y =m = ?is la/ pre-baptismal exorcism4 ,popul> belief 9 ! life-giv+ p[] ( brea? 7,g5esis #b4 #g1 etc47 0 v widespread2 comp>e #cf4 #aa4 ,m>k #g4 #cd may h be5 specially 9 m9d4#bjj ,! 8seal0 0 ! sign ( ! cross4 ,comp>e *apt] #cg4 #i4 ,no fur!r opportunity 0 giv5 to contract defilem5t4 #aj4 ,?is direction1 misund]/ood 9 ! ,arabic & ,e?iopic1 is expla9$ by #bc4 #a-b4 ,^? ab\t to be baptiz$ br\ght ) !m z _! fir/ ,*ri/ian 8(f]+0 ! bread1 w9e1 milk & honey ne$$ = ! baptismal eu*>i/4 ,! ,te/am5t r$uces ?is (f]+ to "o loaf f ea* ( !m4 ,! rule %\ld n be expla9$ f *apt] #cb1 :i* is n by ,hippolytus4 #ba ,,! ,,baptismal ,,c]emony #a4 ,hippolytus gives no =m = ! bless+ ( ! wat]1 b ! ,con/itutions 7,,vii1 #dc7 direct an elaborate ?anksgiv+1 conclud+ ) ! words 8,sanctify ?is wat] & give x grace & p[]01 etc4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,p$agogue ,i1 vi 7#ej1 #d77 appe>s to presuppose a petition = ! desc5t ( ! ,logos into ! font4 #b4 ,! sup]ior sanctity ( 8liv+0 wat] is a common belief1 & ! ,te/am5t & ! ,canons all[ no o!r = baptism4 ,comp>e ,dida*e #g4 #a4 #c4 ,e non-,jew 9 ! ,graeco-,roman _w 0 s accu/om$ to ! public ba?s t ! baptismal usage w\ld n sugge/ ! slighte/ impropriety4 #e4 ,to ,hippolytus ! ornam5ts z 8ali50 c>ry contagion4 ,! ,jews h a simil> prohibition = wom5 ba?+ aft] c]emonial impurity1 b ! reason giv5 is t complete contact ) ! wat] is prev5t$4 #f4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ano9t+ 9 connection ) baptism is 9 ,t]tullian1 ,on ,baptism #g 7ca4 #bje74 ,he expla9s ! practice z d]iv$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t ano9t+ ( prie/s1 & 9 view ( #a ,pet] #b4 #i & ,revelation #a4 #f2 #e4 #ajbja ?is may well express ! orig9al mean+ ( ! c]emony4 ,or x may h be5 ?\ght to convey ! gift ( ! ,_s1 z 9 #a ,samuel #af4 #ac1 or may re/ on m g5]al conceptions ( ano9t+ z consecration1 or may ev5 be someh[ connect$ ) ! title 8,*ri/0 7 8,! ,ano9t$ ,"o074 ,b1 :atev] ! orig91 unction aft] baptism is f\nd practically ev]y:]e 9 ,*ri/5dom aft] ! ?ird c5tury4 ,9 ,hippolytus ! bless+ is /ill a ?anksgiv+ & ! oil is nam$ accord+ly4 ,9 ! ,con/itutions 7,,vii1 #dd7 ! =mula is petition>y1#bjb & ! oil is call$ 8my/ical04 ,! common lat] title = ?is oil--to :i* o!r sub/ances1 su* z balsam1 are (t5 add$--is 8*rism04 ,! ,lat9 =mula = bless+ x /ill includes a solemn ?anksgiv+4 #g4 ,! ano9t+ be=e baptism is d]iv$ f ! anci5t belief 9 ! curative p[]s ( oil1 f :i* its use 9 religi\s heal+ 7,m>k #f4 #ac1 ,james #e4 #ad7 0 develop$4 ,to ,hippolytus ?is oil aids 9 ! f9al & supreme exorcism1 & x is exorcis$1 n bless$1 & d]ives its "n f its purpose4 ,9 lat] ,lat9 usage x is call$ 8oil ( ! cate*um5s04 ,! ,con/itutions note 7,,vii1 #bb1 #c7 t if ! oils are lack+ 8! wat] is suffici5t04 ,& ?is 0 ! univ]sal belief4 #i4 ,"s =m ( r5unciation ( ,satan is a feature 9 all traditional baptismal liturgies4 #aj4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem 7,cate*etical ,lectures #bj1 #c7 says t ?is ano9t+ is p]=m$ 8f ! v hairs ( y\r head to y\r feet04 ,by #bb4 #b ,hippolytus has probably ! same conception4 #aa4 ,! pron\ns are ambigu\s & confus+1 b ! s5se seems to be t ! presbyt] :o p]=ms ! actual baptism /&s on ! bank ( ! /ream 7or ! edge ( ! font71 :ile ! deacon /&s 9 ! wat] ) ! c&idate1 to in/ruct & assi/ him4 #ab-ah4 ,9 ! ,jewi% rites t require complete imm]sion 7! baptism ( a proselyte1 ! cleans+ ( a woman1 etc47 ! c]emony is p]=m$ entirely by ! p]son conc]n$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a prop] witness2 i4e41 su* a rite is simply an ext5sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t prescriptions#bjc t c]ta9 impurities mu/ be remov$ by ba?+4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ianity %>$ ?is conception1 & 9 ,new ,te/am5t ,greek ! middle voice is us$ = ! act ( baptism 9 ,acts #bb4 #af1 #a ,cor9?ians #f4 #aa2 #aj4 #b2 comp>e ! read+ ( ,d & ,old ,lat9 manuscripts 9 ,luke #c4 #g1 8to be baptiz$ 9 8 pres5ce04 ,9 ,hippolytus ! presbyt] acts to ! ext5t ( lay+ 8 h& on ! c&idate's head1 b he uses no baptismal =mula4#bjd ,9 ! ,jewi% rites ! p]son aft] imm]sion utt]s a b5$iction2 9 ,hippolytus ea* imm]sion is prec$$ by a decl>ation ( belief4 ,9 ! apo/olic *ur* ?is decl>ation c]ta9ly _h ! =m 8,jesus is ,"l0 7,romans #aj4 #i1 etc47 & !re 0 only "o imm]sion4 ,! additional confessions ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,_s appe> 9 ,dida*e #g4 #a1bje & ea* 0 presumably accompani$ by ! correspond+ imm]sion t ,hippolytus directs4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree confessions 0 !n fur!r exp&$1 s produc+ ! v>i\s baptismal cre$s4 ,! "o 9 use at ,rome 9 ! e>ly f\r? c5tury--! basis ( ! lat] 8,apo/les' ,cre$0--c be recon/ruct$ accurately f ,ruf9us' ,exposition1 & agrees closely ) ! =m 9 ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,hippolytus1 ! only significant addition be+ 8& ! =giv5ess ( s9s0 ne> ! close4 ,?is clause1 9 fact1 seems to be due ev5tually to ,hippolytus's ar*-enemy1 ,calli/us1 to express a doctr9e t ! =m] abhorr$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is "s evid5ce t ! (ficial ,roman cre$ ca4 #bjj did n conta9 8& ! holy *ur*01 on :i* ,hippolytus lays /ress 7#f4 #d2 #bc4 #aj72 ?is clause may be 8 own addition to prote/--aga9/ ,calli/us--t ! 8holy0 *ur* %\ld n conta9 s9n]s4 ,lat] ,roman ,*ri/ianity adopt$ bo? phrases ) no feel+ ( incongruity2 comp>e ,cyprian's 8=giv5ess ( s9s ?r\gh ! holy *ur*04#bjf #ai4 ,?is ano9t+1 l ! =m]1 presumably cov]$ ! :ole body4 #bj4 ,9 ! lat] ,patri/ic *ur* at ?is po9t ! newly baptiz$ put on :ite g>m5ts1 :i* !y wore = sev5 days4 #bb ,,confirmation ,hippolytus contributes little to cl>ify+ ! difficult subject ( confirmation4 ,9 ,acts #h4 #ag & #ai4 #f ! rite conveys ! gift ( ! ,_s1 b ,hippolytus's pray]1 :i* cites ,titus #c4 #e1 foll[s ! ,paul9e-,johann9e#bjg doctr9e 9 attribut+ ?is gift to baptism1 9 accord ) ! special imm]sion aft] confess+ ! ,_s4 ,s only grace = s]vice is bes\ght4 ,b1 z 9 ,acts1 ! ess5tial c]emony is ! imposition ( h&s1 s t ! ano9t+ & ! sign ( ! cross are only supplem5t>y rites4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 h[ev]1 only ! ano9t+ 0 pres]v$ 9 bo? ! ,lat9 & ! ,or?odox ,ea/]n *ur*es4 ,= ! use ( ! ,"l's ,pray] aft] baptism see on #bc4 #ad4 #bc ,,! ,,baptismal ,,eu*>i/ ,comp>e ! di/9ction betwe5 ! baptismal & ! regul> eu*>i/ 9 ,ju/91 ,apology #fe & #fg & 9 ,dida*e #i-aj & #ad4 #a4 ,! conception ( consecration by ?anksgiv+ is /at$ s baldly t ! ,lat9 78gratias agat panem quidem 9 exemplum07 is :olly unidiomatic1 b 9 all probability ! pray] normally includ$ an invocation l t 9 #d4 #ab4 ,"h1 9 place ( ! 8spiritual food0 language 9 #d4 #ab1 ! result ( ! consecration is express$ 9 ! t]ms ( ! in/itution4 ,yet ,hippolytus appe>s to %r9k a little f call+ ! species absolutely ! body & blood ( ,*ri/3 ! bread is ! 8image0 77 ( ! body & ! cup ! 8lik5ess0 77 ( ! blood4 ,! =m] ^w is us$ 9 ! same way by ,cyril ( ,j]usalem 7#bc1 #bj2 z an adjective7 & ! latt] by ,s>apion 9 8 fir/ oblation be=e ! words ( in/itution2 comp>e 8figura0 9 ,t]tullian1 ,aga9/ ,m>cion ,,iii1 #ai & ,,iv1 #dj1 & ! pray] 9 ! ,con/itutions 7,,viii1 #ab1 #ci7 t ! species may be made to 8appe>0 77 z ! body & blood4 ,none ( ?is language1 h[ev]1 is 8symbolic0 9 ! mod]n s5se2 :atev] unlik5ess !ologians#bjh might feel exi/$ betwe5 ! symbols & ! ?+s signifi$ 0 ov]%ad[$ by ! reali/ic connection t exi/$ betwe5 !m4 ,b 9 ! e>li] ,patri/ic p]iod ! deep] nature ( ?is connection 0 left unexplor$4 #b4 ,t]tullian 7*aplet #c1 ,aga9/ ,m>cion ,i1 #ad7 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,p$agogue ,i1 vi 7#de1 #a77 be> contempor>y te/imony to ! cu/om ( giv+ new ,*ri/ians milk & honey1 s ! rite mu/ h be5 widespread4 ,x is n 9 ! ,con/itutions or ! ,te/am5t1 b ! o!r s\rces h x4 ,& ! #bd? canon ( ! ,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age 7#cig7 reads3 8,! fir/-fruits1 namely milk & honey1 :i* are (f]$ on a mo/ solemn day = ! my/]y ( infants1#bji al?\gh (f]$ on ! alt> %\ld h a bless+ ( _! own1 t !y may be di/+ui%$ f ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's body & blood04 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 l ,hippolytus1 cites ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecies ( ! promis$ l&1#baj s ! mean+ ( ! rite 0 to assure ! p>ticipants ( a %>e 9 salvation4 ,b ,hippolytus adds a fur!r explanation ( 8 own2 ! milk repres5ts ,*ri/'s fle% & ! honey 8 g5tl5ess4 ,! ,canons--possibly ) a misrecollection ( ,isaiah #g4 #ae--;int]pret ! food z prop] = ! newly born4 #c4 ,! purpose ( ! wat] is to ext5d ! baptismal wa%+ into ! inn] man2 a some:at p$antic c]emony t reappe>s only 9 ! ,e?iopic1 al?\gh ! ,te/am5t applies ! !ory to ! wat] 9 ! mix$ eu*>i/ic *alice4 #e4 ,?is is ! e>lie/ kn[n =mula = eu*>i/ic adm9i/ration4 #g-aa4 ,:at is mo/ curi\s ab\t ^! directions is t ! sacram5tal w9e is n di/+ui%$ 9 adm9i/ration f ! o!r two cups2 ! o!r v]sions correct ?is4#baa ,p]haps 9 ?is c]emony !re has surviv$ some?+ ( ! tradition 9 ! e>lie/ text ( ,luke #bb4 #ai-bj1 :]e ! :ole emphasis is laid on ! bread4 ,! little f\r-clause cre$ is int]e/+4 #ab4 ,an admirable little summ>y ( ,*ri/ian duty4 #ac4 ,hippolytus 7comp>e ,i4 #a7 ref]s to "s e>li] "w or works ( 8 own1 possibly ,conc]n+ ,god & ! ,resurrection1 ^: title is li/$ on 8 /atue4 #ad4 ,by ! 8:ite /one0 7,revelation #b4 #ag7 evid5tly some?+ v concrete is impli$4 ,?is _c be any "p ( ! cre$1 :i* is recit$ :ile baptism is 9 progress1 & s ! ,te/am5t's explanation ( ! secret z ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection#bab is exclud$4 ,! only o!r possibility w\ld appe> to be ! ,"l's ,pray]1 on :i* ,hippolytus is /rangely sil5t4 ,*ri/ians ( ?is age reg>d$ ! ,pray] z hav+ an almo/ magical efficacy4 ,x 01 moreov]1 all[$ to none b ! baptiz$ & 0 fir/ utt]$ by ,*ri/ians imm$iately aft] _! baptism1#bac a cu/om :i* 9 ! light ( ,romans #h4 #ae & ,galatians #d4 #f may actually g back to apo/olic times4 ,,"p ,,iii ,*ur* ,laws #be4 ,fa/+ is "h conceiv$ to int5sify pray]'s efficacy4 ,! wid[s & virg9s 7 especially d$icat$ to ! "w ( int]cession4 ,! o!r v]sions h 8pray 9 ! *ur*01 b ! ,greek gives a m primitive impression4 ,! bi%op1 on acc\nt ( ! nature ( 8 duties1 0 n p]mitt$ to v[ a fa/ to la/ = any set "t2 he might1 ( c\rse1 ab/a9 f food in=mally if he wi%$4 ,good ,friday & ,holy ,saturday 7*apt] #bi7 7 ! only fix$ fa/-days1 b special fa/s = all might be direct$ on any special occasion4 #bf ,,! ,,agape ,! agape1 or 8love-fea/01 0 a ,*ri/ian meal ( a def9itely religi\s "*4 ,s9ce bo? ,t]tullian 7,apology #ci7 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,p$agogue ,,ii1 i 7#d-g77 speak ( x z an e/abli%$ ,*ri/ian cu/om1 its orig9 mu/ lie f> beh9d ! ?ird c5tury1 & ! importance & liturgical col\r+ giv5 by ! ,evangeli/s to ! acc\nts ( ! fe$+s ( ! multitudes#bad are explicable only z reflect+ deep fir/-c5tury int]e/ 9 ! rite4 ,its orig9 9 ,*ri/ianity1 consequ5tly1 mu/ be primitive1 :ile ! ,gospels indicate t 9 ! apo/olic *ur* x 0 reg>d$ z a cont9uation ( ! 7_m7 meals %>$ by ,*ri/ & 8 disciples4 ,! emphasis on ! numb]s :o 7 satisfi$ by ! bread & fi%1 tak5 toge!r ) ,acts #f4 #a-cbae & ! lat] hi/ory ( ! agape1 %[ t a prim>y purpose ( ^! meals 0 to provide food = ! ne$y3 x is presumably f ?is aim t ! "n 8love-fea/0 0 d]iv$4 ,& ! ,gospel acc\nts indicate t 9 ! agapes ,*ri/ 0 felt to be act+ z head ( 8 h\sehold3 t he 0 9 "s mann] pres5t4 ,! agape & ! eu*>i/1 consequ5tly1 7 closely associat$2 9 #a ,john #f ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes leads into ! elaborate eu*>i/ic disc\rse4 ,s ,ignatius uses 8eu*>i/0 & 8agape0 z synonyms1#baf :ile 8,! ,"l's ,supp]01 ! t]m employ$ by ,/ ,paul#bag & lat] writ]s g5]ally = ! eu*>i/1 is ,hippolytus's title "h = ! agape4 ,! confusion 0 due to ! fact t 9 ! fir/ c5tury ! eu*>i/ 0 g5]ally celebrat$ 9 conjunction ) an agape2 inde$1 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aa x is cle> t ! ,cor9?ians 7 /ress+ ! banquet elem5ts ( _! common meals s /rongly t _! eu*>i/ic aspect _h be5 =gott54#bah ,h5ce 9 ,jude #ab ! 8love-fea/s0 are mo/ naturally und]/ood to be ! comb9$ agape-eu*>i/s4 ,dur+ ! second c5tury ! rites 7 sep>at$1 ! eu*>i/ be+ transf]r$ to ! morn+1 :ile ! agape normally rema9$ z an ev5+ meal1 al?\gh x c\ld ( c\rse be held at any h\r4 ,b ,hippolytus pres]ves remnants ( ! old association2 z reg>ds ! eu*>i/ ! oil1 *eese & olives ( *apt]s #e-f1 z reg>ds ! agape ! title 8,"l's ,supp]0 & details ( ! c]emonial4 ,accord+ to ,hippolytus's description ! agapes are meals giv5 by individuals 9 _! own homes2 ! ho/ provides ! food & invites ! gue/s1 :o 9 return are expect$ to pray = him4 ,ea* p]son breaks 8 own bread & 8(f]s0 8 own cup2 ?is is 9 accord ) ! rule 9 ,b]akho? vi4 #f = ! less solemn meals among ! ,jews3 8,if m5 sit = a meal1 ea* %all pron\nce ! bless+ = himself2 b if !y recl9e1 "o %all pron\nce ! bless+ = !m all04 ,?is proc$ure1 moreov]1 appe>s to ?r[ light on ! acc\nt 9 #a ,cor9?ians #aa1 :]e ! *ur* is blam$ because 8ea* take? be=e o!r 8 own supp]0 7v]se #ba7 & ! rem$y prescrib$ is 8wait = "o ano!r0 7v]se #cc72 x is difficult to see h[ ! ,cor9?ian disord]s c\ld h aris5 if !re 7 a s+le (ficiant4 ,9 ,hippolytus ord]l9ess is procur$ by ! pres5ce ( a cl]ic--pref]ably ! bi%op1 al?\gh a deacon w suffice--:o presides ov] ! supp] & beg9s x by bless+ & di/ribut+ a loaf specially nam$2 ?is c]emony is sup]add$ to a ritual o!rwise complete 9 itself1 & appe>s to be a local ,roman cu/om4 #a-b4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ianity 8bless+0 & 8?anksgiv+0 7 indi/+ui%able1#bai b to ,hippolytus !y are no long] always synonyms2 p]haps ! 8bless+0 0 accompli%$ by sign+ ) ! cross1 z 9 ! ,canons4 ,aft] bless+1 ! bi%op breaks ! loaf1 eats a portion himself1 & di/ributes ! rema9d] to all ! baptiz$ memb]s ( ! company3 a proc$ure exactly l t ( ! eu*>i/4 ,9 ! e>li] comb9$ s]vice1 9 fact1 ?is bread w\ld h be5 actually eu*>i/ic1 = :i* aft] ! sep>ation 8bless$0 bread 0 sub/itut$ to enable ! traditional agape c]emonial to cont9ue ) a m9imum ( ext]nal *ange4 ,! f9al sep>ation mu/ h be5 comp>atively rec5t1 = ,hippolytus feels oblig$ to emphasize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two rites2 9 lat] times !re 0 no dang] ( confusion1 & 8 translators consequ5tly d n seem to h grasp$ 8 po9t4 #b4 ,! break+ ( ea* "o's bread w\ld be accompani$ by a prop] b5$iction4 #c4 ,r\ghly p>allel is ,b]akho? vi4 #f3 8,if w9e is br\ght dur+ a meal1 ea* "o mu/ pron\nce ! bless+ = himself04 #d4 ,= ! di/9ction betwe5 8bless+0 & 8exorcism0 ( objects1 comp>e #ba4 #f-g4 ,! ,arabic & ,e?iopic sub/itute 8bless$ bread01 ev5 = ! cate*um5s4 ,:e!r ! cate*um5s also broke _! 8own0 bread is left unc]ta94 8,(f]0 is "h a m]e synonym = 8give ?anks01 a usage n f\nd 9 ! o!r v]sions4 #e4 ,p]haps ! cate*um5s /ood dur+ ! agape2 p]haps !y ate at a sep>ate table4 #f4 ,ea* bless+ at an agape mu/ include a pray] = ! ho/1 :o is ?us repaid = 8 b\nty4 ,= 8(f]0 ! o!r v]sions sub/itute 8eat01 spoil+ ! =ce4 #g4 ,f #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #ba to ! f9al abolition ( ! agapes 9 ,*ri/ianity 79 ! eigh? c5tury87 !re 7 con/ant compla9ts ( disord]ly conduct at ^! meals2 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7l4c47 = ?is reason objects to _! "n4 ,hippolytus cites ,mat!w #e4 #ac4 #h4 is simply 8t :i* is c>ri$ away0 & is us$ 9 its etymological s5se2 o!r mean+s1 su* z ! associat$ 8a gift giv5 to d9n] gue/s01 are immat]ial "h4 ,! 8ap(oretum0 began l ! regul> agape ) ! di/ribution ( ! bless$ bread & 7presumably7 ) public b5$ictions ov] bread & w9e1 b ! re/ ( ! meal 0 eat5 at ea* "o's home4 #i4 ,! ,gospel acc\nts ( ! miracul\s fe$+s lay simil> /ress on ga!r+ up ! fragm5ts4 #aj4 ,! complete dom9ance ( ! meal by ! bi%op w\ld seem to make ! above w>n+s aga9/ disord] ne$less2 z ,hippolytus pictures x an agape w\ld h be5 ! rev]se ( hil>i\s4 #aa-ab4 ,comp>e ,ignatius1 ,smyrnaeans #h4 #a3 8,let t be c\nt$ a g5u9e#bbj eu*>i/ t is held by ! bi%op or by someone to :om he gives p]mission02 = ! la/ clause z reg>ds ! agapes ,hippolytus simply sub/itutes 8or "o ( ! cl]gy04 ,9 lat] !ory only a prie/ c 8bless01 & any =mula t c be pron\nc$ validly by a deacon c be pron\nc$ j z 8validly01 al?\gh p]haps n 8licitly01 by a layman4 ,b ?is di/9ction betwe5 8valid0 & 8licit0 w\ld n h be5 drawn by ,ignatius or ,hippolytus2 :at a ,*ri/ian _c d licitly he _c d at all4 ,evid5tly ,hippolytus reg>ds ! bless$ bread z ( ! ess5ce ( ! agape4 ,! ,te/am5t agrees 9 g5]al ) ,hippolytus4 ,9 ! ,canons ! agape becomes a memorial fea/ 77 = ! dead4 ,x is =bidd5 on ,sunday4 ,! p>ticipants fir/ make _! communions & !n meet = ! meal4 ,! bread di/ribut$ is 8exorcis$02#bba expla9$ z sign$ ) ! cross4 ,! pres5ce ( a cl]ic--normally a presbyt]--:ile desirable does n seem to be q ess5tial4 #bg ,! wid[s 7 special objects ( ! *ur*'s *>ity1 b precautions _h to be tak5 le/ ev5 !y became disord]ly4 ,! 8exi/+ conditions0 may ref] to p]secutions1 b ! phrase is m simply und]/ood ( ! donor's inability to ent]ta9 a l>ge p>ty 9 8 own home2 comp>e ! ap(oretum4 #bh ,hippolytus1 l ,dida*e #ac4 #c1 reg>ds ! law ( ,deut]onomy #ah4 #d z b9d+ on ,*ri/ians2 he says no?+1 h[ev]1 ( an obligation to ti!4 ,! ,jewi% backgr\nd ( 8 pray] is evid5t2 comp>e p>ticul>ly ,b]akho? vi4 #b 8?r\gh ^: ^w all ?+s come to pass01 & ,rabbi ,jehudah's =mula 9 vi4 #a 8:o ha/ creat$ div]s fruits04 ,! only ,*ri/ian t\* is at ! end1 & ! re/ ( ! pray] may h be5 tak5 bodily f a ,jewi% s\rce4 ,! reasons = ! di/9ctions 9 #f-g are probably irrecov]able1 b vegetables ( ! g\rd family 7 fav\r$ food among ascetics ( ! gno/ic type4 ,p]haps ,canticles #b4 #a gave ! lily & ! rose _! privileg$ /atus4 ,9 ,hippolytus's day ^! fir/-fruits con/itut$ ! *ief s\rce ( support = ! cl]gy4 ,a writ]--probably ,hippolytus himself--9 ,eusebius ,v1 #bh4 #aj-ab speaks ) dete/ation ( ! paym5t ( money sal>ies by h]etics to _! lead]s4 #bi ,on ,good ,friday & ,holy ,saturday all ,*ri/ians 7 expect$ to fa/ accord+ to _! ability2 a m]itori\s act ^: cr$it w\ld be lo/ if t]m9at$ too soon4#bbb ,if neglect$ ?r\gh ignorance x c\ld be made up lat]1 b n betwe5 ,ea/] & ,p5teco/1 :5 all fa/+ 0 ev]y:]e =bidd5 to or?odox ,*ri/ians4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ,hippolytus's conception ( ! repeal ( ! 8anci5t law0 ext5ds only to ! p>ticul> date set by ,numb]s #i4 #aa2 o!rwise x is /ill fully b9d+4 ,comp>e ,dida*e #h4 #a4 ,?is fa/1 x %\ld be not$1 is direct$ only be=e ! ,ea/] communion2 lat] writ]s1 l ! ,te/am5t1 treat ! brea* ( a fa/ 7f midnight1 g5]ally7 be=e any communion z a mortal s94 ,comp>e1 fur!r1 *apt] #cb4 #cj ,hippolytus presupposes a congregation /ill small en\gh to enable ! bi%op to visit ! sick p]sonally1 b l>ge en\gh to make 8 visit a great ev5t to ! sick p]son4 #cc ,?is daily session ( ! presbyt]s 0 ! ,*ri/ian 8sanh$r901 to :i* individuals br\ght _! problems & controv]sies = 8in/ruction04 ,at ^! ga!r+s1 9 addition1 ! cl]gy receiv$ assignm5ts = _! duties ( t day2 9 ^! latt] ! deacons 7 m important ?an ! presbyt]s & _! abs5ce a m s]i\s fault4 #cd ,calli/us is commemorat$ by ! ,roman catacombs t /ill be> 8 "n2 probably dissatisfaction ) 8 rival's regulations l$ ,hippolytus to treat ?is r specializ$ subject4 ,! o!r v]sions miss ! po9t ( ! 8tiles0--on :i* comp>e ,connolly1 pp4 #aaf-aai--;& adapt ! rules to local burial cu/oms2 ! ,te/am5t1 = in/ance1 discusses embalm+4 ,,"p ,,iv ,lay ,devotions ,! devotional life ( a layman is c5tr$ ar\nd ! decl>ation ( ,psalm #aai4 #afd1 8,sev5 times a day d ,i praise !e01 at ris+1 at ! ?ird1 six? & n9? h\rs1 at b$time1 at midnight & at cockcr[4 ,?is di/ribution corresponds approximately to ! lat] 8canonical h\rs01 b 9 ,hippolytus's day ^! pray]s 7 /ill :olly private4 #ce #a4 ,foll[+ ! g5]al--especially ,jewi%--belief dem&+ c]emonial purification be=e approa*+ ,god1 ,hippolytus requires h&-wa%+ 7at lea/7 at morn+ & midnight2 ! ,canons ext5d ?is rule to all pray]4 ,t]tullian 7,on ,pray] #ac7 recognizes ! preval5ce ( ! cu/om & says t ,*ri/ians def5d$ x by quot+ ,mat!w #bg4 #bd2 he1 h[ev]1 reg>ds x z po9tless4 ,comp>e ,m>k #g4 #a-ae4 #b4 ,hippolytus d\btless does n ?9k x necess>y to prescribe att5dance at ! ,sunday eu*>i/s1 assum+ t no true believ] w\ld will+ly abs5t himself4 ,regul> weekday eu*>i/s 7 n yet cu/om>y1 al?\gh !y 7 held at times ( special pray] & fa/+2#bbc comp>e #be4 #b4 ,s ! only weekday meet+s he presupposes are ga!r+s = pray] & in/ruction accord+ to ! synagogue patt]n4 ,evid5tly ! emphasis 0 laid on in/ruction1 ) ! ,bible z textbook1 & ^? :o c\ld read 7 expect$ to foll[ ! passages cit$4 #a & #b ,clem5t give an idea ( ! cont5t & /yle ( ! tea*+1 :i* w\ld be giv5 by in/ructors l ^? ( #af4 #a4 #c4 ,on occasion local meet+s 7 visit$ & address$ by tea*]s ( high] rank1 :o are describ$ 9 t]ms rem9isc5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t prophets4 #cf #a4 ,complete manuscript ,bibles 7 v exp5sive1 & few lay ,*ri/ians c\ld h own$ "o4 ,b portions ( ,scripture 7 )9 ! rea* ( all4 #b-c4 ,hippolytus foll[s ,m>k #ae4 #be1 n ,john #ai4 #ad1 "h4 ,he d$uces ! h\rs ( ! ,jewi% c]emonies f 8 typology2 no def9ite h\r is prescrib$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1#bbd :ile 9 ! ,temple ! morn+ sacrifice 0 (f]$ be=e sunrise & ! %[bread 0 *ang$ 7on ! ,sabba?7 /ill e>li]4 ,he cites ,john #aj4 #ad2 #f4 #ej4 #d4 ,m>k #ae4 #cc4 ,hippolytus adds t ! d>kness came 9 answ] to 7,*ri/'s#bbe7 pray]2 possibly a conjecture ( 8 own b m likely a 8tradition04 #e4 ,at ! n9? h\r1 z soon z ,*ri/ di$1 he w5t to ! l[] _w & releas$ ! spirits 9 prison1 :o rejoic$ ) a great ?anksgiv+4 ,! belief 0 v widespread#bbf b ! o!r v]sions seem to miss ! po9t4 #f4 ,john #ai4 #cd4 ,! d>kness f ! six? to ! n9? h\r1 foll[$ by daylight until ev5+1 made a 8night0 & a 8day02 s ! ,son ( ,man by ,ea/] morn+ _h truly be5 8?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! he>t ( ! e>?0 7,mat!w #ab4 #dj74 ,comp>e ,con/itutions ,v1 #ad4 #i-ac4 #i4 ,on ! cu/om ( ris+ dur+ ! night = pray]1 comp>e1 e4g41 ,t]tullian1 ,to 8 ,wife ,,ii1 #e4 ,hippolytus--r m ?an ,t]tullian--insi/s t unbeliev]s %\ld n witness ,*ri/ian devotions4 #aj4 ,john #ac4 #aj repeals ! provisions ( ,leviticus #ae4 #af-ah4 #aa4 ,despite ! pr9ciple j enunciat$ ,hippolytus _c rid himself ( a belief t a purification is ne$$2 he compromises by decl>+ t a small c]emony w suffice4 ,comp>e *apt] #cg4 #ab4 ,?is qua9t doctr9e--:i* ! o!r v]sions omit or alt]--came f ! au?orities :o gave ,hippolytus ! re/ ( 8 8tradition04 ,he m5tions !m "h only1 b 9 ,ir5aeus simil> appeals to 8! presbyt]s0 are num]\s4 #ac4 ,mat!w #be4 #f1 #ac 9 an unusual text =m4 #ad4 ,pet]'s d5ial 7,mat!w #bf4 #gd7 is syn*roniz$ ) ! condemnation ( ,*ri/ by ! ,sanh$r94 #cg ,! sign ( ! cross is p]=m$ aft] fir/ brea?+ on ! h&1 s t x is wet ) saliva4 ,belief 9 ! p[] ( spittle to repel evil spirits is widespread#bbg &1 despite ,hippolytus's disclaim]1 lies beh9d ! practice he advocates4 ,8 own int]pretation ( ! c]emony is none ! less +5i\s2 ! mixture ( moi/ure & brea?#bbh corresponds to ! wat] & ! ,_s 9 baptism & s makes ! sign ( ! cross ! 8image0 ( baptism1 accompli%+ a sort ( rebaptism#bbi 7#cf4 #aa74 ,only ,lat9 ,a has ! orig9al2 ,lat9 ,b & ! o!r v]sions d n und]/& ! cu/om & replace 8baptism0 by 8! ,^w04 ,! int]pretation ( ,exodus #ab4 #bb is 9 ! /yle ( ,b>nabas4 #ch ,,conclusion ,hippolytus closes ) a f9al adjuration to avoid all novelties2 ! way ( peace consi/s solely 9 /rict adh]5ce to ! pa/4 ,,footnotes #a,luke #ab4 #ac-af4 #b;,= exceptions see1 e4g41 ,romans #ad4 #ad 7 ,mat!w #ae4 #aa71 #a ,cor9?ians #g4 #aj 7 ,mat!w #ai4 #i71 #a ,clem5t #df4 #h 7 ,mat!w #ah4 #f1 9 sub/ance71 #b ,clem5t #ab4 #b 7apocryphal74 #c;,especially 9 #b ,clem5t4 #d;,acts #ae4 #bh-bi4 #e,romans #ad1 9 p>ticul>4 #fa ,cor9?ians #h4 #h2 #aj4 #be-bf4 #g;,comp>e ,revelation #b4 #ad1 #bj4 #h;,dida*e #ac4 #g1 etc4 #i;,dida*e #ac4 #c1 etc4 #aj,s v emphatically 9 #a ,clem5t #dj-da4 ,b ,clem5t does n argue = a detail$ p>allelism betwe5 ! two m9i/ries4 #aa;,dida*e #c4 #a-f is an in/ance4 #ab,! reason = ?is appe>s to be t at ?is p]iod ! ,f\r? ,comm&m5t 0 conceiv$ to be :olly 8c]emonial01 & to 8keep ! ,sabba?0 0 reg>d$ z ,judaiz+ 7,ignatius1 ,magnesians #i4 #a1 etc474 ,! belief t 9 ,*ri/ianity ! ,sabba? laws h be5 transf]r$ to ,sunday is ( m$ieval orig94 #ac,on ^! me?ods comp>e especially ,k4 ,e4 ,kirk1 ,! ,vision ( ,god 7,london1 #aica71 pp4 #aai-abd4 #ad;,z 9 ,wisdom #ad4 #be-bf4 #ae,romans #a4 #bi-ca is l>gely ( ,greek orig92 #a ,timo?y #c4 #b-c & ,titus #c4 #a-b are :olly s4 #af;,9 #a ,clem5t #dg4 #f ! =ty-five ye> old ,cor9?ian *ur* is call$ 8anci5t04 #ag;,jude #ag1 ,revelation #ba4 #ad1 etc4 ,! mean+ 9 ,ephesians #b4 #bj is probably a little diff]5t4 #aha ,clem5t #db4 #d2 #dd4 #a-b1 etc4 #ai;,ev5 9 ! ?ird c5tury liturgical pray]s 7 /ill normally extempore1 & use ( a fix$ =m 0 reg>d$ z a weakness on ! "p ( ! (ficiant4 #bj;,eusebius1 ,,he1 v1 #bd4 #ba,see especially ,james ,muil5burg1 ,! ,lit]>y ,relations ( ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas & ! ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 ,m>burg1 #aibi4 #bbci? ,fe/al ,lett] 7#cfg71 #g4 #bc,! details ( ! ,patri/ic te/imony are be/ se5 9 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,! ,tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 ,baltimore & ,london1 #ahhg4 #bd;,die ,dida*e1 ,bonn2 _m editions4 #be;,didascalia ,apo/olorum1 ,ox=d1 #aibi4 #bf;,also kn[n z ,?ird ,clem5t4 ,occasionally--& un=tunately--call$ ! ,apo/olic ,canons or ! ,roman ,*ur* ,ord]4 #bg,pad]born1 #aiad4 ,dr ,s*]mann's !ory ( a v e>ly date = ! docum5t is individuali/ic4 #bh,pp4 #abg-ach1 #bcc-bdd1 #bie-cjf4 #bi,(t5 repr9t$ sep>ately4 #cj;,b incorrectly4 #ca,pp4 #cd1 #gh1 #dj4 #cb;,coop] & ,maclean1 p4 #ah4 #cc;,,he1 ,,vi1 #bj4 #cd,vir4 ill4 #fa4 #ce;,8 fe/ival is on ,augu/ #ac4 #cf,n completely legible2 reproductions are n always to be tru/$4 #cg,orig5is ,philosophum5a1 ,ox=d4 ,books ,,ii-,,iii are presumably /ill miss+1 al?\gh x has be5 argu$ t :at is ord9>ily call$ ,book ,,iv may conta9 !m2 ,w5dl&1 h[ev]1 rejects ?is !ory 7p4 xvi74 #ch;,especially 9 8 ,hippolytus & ,calli/us1 #ahec4 #ci,/ ,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cag-dgg4 ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahfi2 9 ! lat] editions ! argum5t is slightly exp&$ b is o!rwise un*ang$4 #dj;,j]ome1 ,vir4 ill4 #fa4 #da,legge 7,,ii1 p4 #abg7 un=tunately revives ,dll+]'s rem>kable explanation ( ?is occurr5ce3 ,calli/us _h l5t ! bank's funds to ! ,jews & w5t to ! synagogue to recov] 8 depositors' money4 ,z if anyone w\ld expect ,jews to transact bus9ess on ! ,sabba? & at a synagogue s]vice6 #db,victor's accession occurr$ ab\t #ahi1 & ,commodus di$ 9 #aib4 #dc,! di/9ction betwe5 8m>tyr0 & 8confessor0 0 n yet develop$4 #dd,or p]haps re/or$ ! privileges ( ! (fice to him2 :5 & :]e ,calli/us 0 orda9$ is unc]ta94 ,possibly he _h ! confessor's ord9ation 7p4 #ci74 #de;,hippolytus's acc\nt ( 8 controv]sy ) ,calli/us is1 9 fact1 s bitt] t mod]n hi/orians feel oblig$ to int]pret x 9 ! s5se t w make ! greate/ all[ance = ! latt]4 ,h5ce less ?an full ju/ice is p]haps done n[adays to ,hippolytus4 #df,! anti!sis 8,9 "t or 9 et]nity80 seems h>dly to h be5 /at$ squ>ely until ! beg9n+s ( ! ,arian controv]sy4 #dg;,& ,zephyr9us8 #dh,less probably aft] ,zephyr9us's dea?4 #di;,hebrews #f4 #d-h1 #aj4 #bf-ca1 #ab4 #ag4 #ej;,except1 p]haps1 ?r\gh m>tyrdom4 #ea,mat!w #ac4 #cj4 #eb,romans #ad4 #d4 #ec;,8 mo/ viol5t treatise--! ,philosophum5a--0 p]haps omitt$1 b "t has s defac$ ! li/ t we _c be c]ta94 ,! ,apo/olic ,tradition1 h[ev]1 0 duly li/$1 & x c]ta9ly conta9s polemic en\gh4 #ed,!ologis*e ,lit]aturzeitung1 #aibj1 col4 #bbe4 #ee;,comp>e ! ,epitomi/'s 8,! ,con/itutions ( ! ,holy ,apo/les ?r\gh ,hippolytus04 #ef,london4 #eg,leipzig 7,texte und ,unt]su*ung51 ,,vi1 #d74 #eh;,hippolytus's "w is pr9t$ on pp4 #aja-aba2 repr9t$ 9 ,connolly 7pp4 #age ff471 & 9 "p 9 ! fif? edition ( ,du*esne's ,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 ,london1 #aiai4 #ei;,,ii1 pp4 #ig-aai4 #fj,! notes are sy/ematiz$ & amplifi$ 9 ! latt]'s ,anci5t ,*ur* ,ord]s4 #fa,unbekannte ,fragm5te alt*ri/li*5 ,geme9deordnung51 ,b]l9 ,academy4 #fb;b] die pseudoapo/olis*5 ,kir*5ordnung51 ,/rassburg4 #fc;,facsimiles 9 ,haul]4 #fd;,comp>e p4 #fj4 #fe,! olde/ 7,sahidic7 is dat$ ca4 #ajje4 #ff;,details 9 ,horn]4 #fg,m logical & s second>y4 #fh,?is seems easi] ?an ,s*w>tz's !ory 7p4 #g7 ( a lat] ,sahidic text enl>g$ f ! orig9al ,greek4 #fi,! =m] cauti\sly4 #gj;,x lacks *apt] #f4 #ga;,epitome #d4 #gb,possibly 89 ^? places02 s ,horn] int]prets ! ,e?iopic4 #gc;,& ,e?iopic4 ,! ,greek has 8?r\gh ?y belov$ ,son ,jesus ,*ri/ ?\ gave/ to ?y holy apo/les04 #gd,s ! ,greek1 n ! ,lat94 #ge,lat9 & ,e?iopic 7,,mss71 8,fa!r1 :o kn[e/ ! he>t02 p]haps bett]4 #gf,n 9 ! ,epitome b 9 ! ,lat91 ,e?iopic1 ,con/itutions1 ,te/am5t & ,canons4 #gg,! doxologies suff] probably m ?an any o!r phrases by transmission4 ,! translation giv5 foll[s no text precisely b repres5ts :at seems to be ! mo/ likely orig9al =m4 #gh,! indicative1 8ye p]=m01 ( ! ,lat9 is a misr5d]+ ( ! 7ambigu\s7 orig9al ,greek4 #gi,on ! doxology comp>e note on #c4 #g4 #hj,! ,lat9 might also be r5d]$ 8,n ) ord9>y words b ) simil> p[]04 ,b ! ,e?iopic confirms ! above translation4 #ha,lit]ally 8,cause t f ?y sweetness !re may n rec$e ?is fruit ( ! olive04 #hb;,an ,e?iopic section 7,/atute #e7 g5]ally pr9t$ "h 7#g7 is n by ,hippolytus2 comp>e pp4 #cj-ca4 #hc,read+ 8presbyt]i0 = 8presbyt]is04 #hd,te/am5t 89 hol9ess to ?y holy place02 ,e?iopic 89 ?y holy ( holies04 #he,te/am5t 8f ! inh]itance ( ?y high-prie/hood04 #hf,te/am5t adds 8& purely & holily04 #hg,te/am5t 8high & exalt$ (fice04 ,! ,e?iopic manuscripts diff] consid]ably 9 _! r5d]+s ( 8he may 444 (fice02 ,horn]'s a reads 8hav+ s]v$ ! degrees ( ord9ation he may obta9 ! exalt$ prie/hood04 ,b only a reads 8prie/hood04 #hh;,doxology con=m$ to prec$+2 t 9 ! ,te/am5t is r diff]5t4 #hi,) ! ,sahidic agree almo/ exactly ! ,arabic1 ! ,te/am5t & ! ,canons4 ,! ,e?iopic has be5 edit$ f a diff]5t view po9t4 #ij,^! words seem cle>ly impli$ by ! context2 ,hippolytus has n[ conclud$ ! discussion ( ord9ations prop]4 #ia;,e?iopic & ,arabic omit ?is 8n01 mak+ ! passage s5seless4 #ib,! ,e?iopic makes ! s5se ( ! orig9al cle>4 #ic;,9 ! ,sahidic ! read]s & subdeacons prec$e ! wid[s4 #id,s ! ,e?iopic & ,arabic4 ,sahidic reads 8nor does %e conduct liturgia04 #ie;,comp>e la/ note4 #if;,epitome #ac4 #ig,! ,sahidic misjo9s 8new0 ) 8fai?04 #ih,! ,e?iopic adds 8or if a woman has a husb&04 #ii;,foll[+ ! v>iant ,sahidic read+ 9 ,horn]1 p4 #dcf4 #ajj,! ,con/itutions %[ t ! ,sahidic is "r aga9/ ! o!r evid5ce 78let 8 ma/]'s p]mission be ga9$074 #aja,! ,con/itutions 7#cb4 #c7 h pres]v$ ! orig9al "h1 :i* ! ,sahidic r5d]s freely4 #ajb,! ,sahidic1 aga9/ ! o!r evid5ce1 adds 8accord+ to ! law04 #ajc,! ,sahidic amplifies4 #ajd,suppli$ to give ! obvi\s s5se4 #aje,! ,e?iopic %[s t ?is is ! s5se2 ! ,sahidic has misund]/ood ! use ( 8au?ority04 #ajf,lit]ally 8nor cause him to swe>04 #ajg8,male h>lot08 #ajh,?is ,sahidic li/ has be5 int]pret$ f ! li/ 9 ,con/itutions #cb4 #aa4 #aji,s ! ,sahidic & ! ,te/am5t4 ,! ,e?iopic & ,arabic h 8%all exact an oa? f ea* "o ( !m04 #aaj,obscure1 b app>5tly orig9al4 ,! ,e?iopic & ,arabic h 8= x is n possible = an ali5 to be baptiz$02 ! ,te/am5t 8= ! vile & ali5 _s abides 9 him04 #aaa,sahidic 8&04 #aab,suppli$ = cl>ity4 #aac,! ,sahidic & ,e?iopic h 8to ! bi%op or presbyt]02 ! ,arabic has 8to ! bi%op04 #aad,or ! s5se may be t ! presbyt]1 ! c&idate & ! deacon all /& nak$ 9 ! wat]2 9 ! above translation 8! c&idates0 0 suppli$ = 8!m0 & ! foll[+ 8!m0 0 sub/itut$ = 8him04 ,9 ! ,sahidic1 ,e?iopic & ,arabic ! deacon causes ! c&idate to repeat a r elaborate cre$3 ! ,sahidic =m is3 8,i believe 9 ! only true ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 & ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l & ,savi\r1 & 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! life-giv] to ! univ]se1 ! ,tr9ity 9 "o sub/ance1 "o ,godhead1 "o ,lord%ip1 "o ,k+dom1 "o fai?1 "o baptism 9 ! ,ca?olic apo/olic holy *ur*4 ,am504 ,! ,canons agree practically ) ! ,te/am5t4 #aae,?is "q is omitt$ 9 ! ,sahidic1 ,e?iopic & ,arabic1 b x is f\nd 9 ! ,canons4 #aaf,! ,canons add at ?is po9t3 #8,e "t he says at ! baptism3 8,i baptize !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,tr9ity 9 unity0'4 ,none ( ! o!r s\rces h any?+ correspond+4 #aag;,jungklaus includes ?is p>agraph 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 #aah;,"h ! doxology is giv5 z x /&s 9 ! ,lat94 ,b comp>e ! e>li] doxologies4 #aai,! ,lat9 adds 8,9 ,greek antitypum04 #abj,! ,lat9 adds 8,9 ,greek similitud9em04 #aba;,evid5tly omitt$ by accid5t4 #abb,vi5na fragm5t4 #abc;,an ,e?iopic section g5]ally pr9t$ "h 7#bd7 is n 9 ! o!r v]sions & is irrelevant to ! context2 x w be f\nd on p4 #eh4 #abd,! app>5t s5se4 #abe,or1 8?is bread is #8bless$ bread'2 x is n #8! bread ( ! ?anksgiv+'1 z is ! ,body ( ! ,"l04 ,! ,sahidic translator probably did n und]/& ! orig9al ,greek exactly4 #abf,! ,lat9 adds1 8,:at 9 ,greek is call$ an ap(oretum04 #abg,! app>5t s5se4 #abh,lit]ally 8make ha/e04 #abi,lit]ally 8make ! bless+04 #acj,sahidic 8t we all %\ld be sob] & t ! hea!n may envy u04 ,! ,e?iopic adds a long section t has no p>allel 9 o!r s\rces2 see p4 #eh4 #aca,lit]ally1 8on acc\nt ( ! lot t falls04 ,p]haps3 8because ( 8 7_!87 duties08 #acb;,friday1 ,saturday & ,sunday aft] midnight4 #acc,s ! ,lat9 & ! ,te/am5t4 ,! ,sahidic1 ,e?iopic & ,arabic h 8be=e ! prop] "t to eat04 #acd,! texts h 8:5 he has le>n$ ! tru?02 ! above1 h[ev]1 seems to be ! mean+4 #aceca-cb are omitt$ "h2 !y w be f\nd on p4 #fj4 #acf,lit]ally 8let ev]yone *oose = himself to g to t place04 #acg,sahidic 8=04 #ach,! app>5t s5se4 #aci,lit]ally 8be ! la/04 #adj,lit]ally 8?+s ?\ ?9ke/ n04 #ada,lit]ally 8breaks =?02 ! ,lat9 7#ca4 #c7 has 8blooms04 #adb;,int]pret+ ! ,sahidic 78t ?\ maye/ "k h[07 by ! ,te/am5t 78t is l to074 #adc;,int]pret+ ! ambigu\s ,lat9 ) ! ,sahidic4 #add,lat9 ,b1 :i* is foll[$ by ! ,ori5tal v]sions1 is translat$ above4 ,lat9 ,a 7comp>e p4 #fj7 reads3 8,b seek always mode/ly to sign ?y =ehead2 = ?is sign ( 8 ,passion is manife/$ aga9/ ! devil if x be made f fai?2 n z pleas+ m51 b kn[+ly (f]+ x z a brea/plate4 ,= ! adv]s>y1 see+ ! p[] ( ! _s com+ f ! he>t 9 ! publicly =m$ image ( baptism1 is put to flight1 ?\ n yield+1 b brea?+ at him4 ,& ?is 0 t sign =m$ :5 ,moses1 z a type1 put ! blood ( ! lamb sla9 at ! ,passov] on ! l9tel & ano9t$ ! two side-po/s1 signify+ ! fai? :i* n[ we h 9 ! p]fect ,lamb04 #ade,lat9 ,b & ! ,ori5tal v]sions h 8! ,^w04 ,b 8baptism0 is ne$$ = ! s5se4 #adf;,9 *apt] #ch ! two ,lat9 texts are 9 virtual agreem5t4 #adg;,a ge/ure ( respect4 #adh,lit]ally 8! seal+04 ,p]haps all food s5t to ! sick is meant2 b ! passage is f> f cle>4 #adi,lit]ally 8c\nt04 #aej,! app>5t s5se4 #aea,! ,e?iopic manuscripts v>y 9 ! =m ( ! doxology4 #aeb;,9 ,e?iopic use ! ,hallelujah ,psalms are #ajd-ajf1 #acd-ace1 #ade-aej4 #aec;,comp>e #bf4 #e-f4 #aed,! re/oration ( sections #cj-ca is conjectural4 #aee;,9 ?is la/ s5t5ce ! 7un9telligible7 ,lat9 has be5 correct$ by ! ,sahidic4 #aef,p4 #ce4 #aeg;,al?\gh n 9 disc>d+ *apt]s #cc-cd also4 #aeh,pp4 #gg-hc4 #aei,see bel[4 #afj;,acts #bj4 #bh1 etc4 #afa,romans #ab4 #a1 #a ,pet] #b4 #e4 #afb;,hebrews #ac4 #ae1 ,revelation #h4 #c4 #afc,philippians #d4 #ah1 ,hebrews #ac4 #af4 #afda ,cor9?ians #aa4 #ba4 #afe;,comp>e p4 #fh4 #aff,_m editions & translations2 ! be/ 9 ,engli% is ,a4 ,l4 ,williams' edition 9 ! ,s4,p4,c4,k4 s]ies ( ,translations ( ,anci5t ,docum5ts1 ,london1 #aiba4 #afg;,g5esis #a4 #ca4 #afha ,timo?y #d4 #d-e4 #afi;,ignatius1 ,smyrnaeans #g4 #a1 etc41 & ,dida*e #i4 #a1 #e1 are ! e>lie/ in/ances4 #agj;,x %\ld be ne$less to rem>k t ?is recital ( ! in/itution is m]ely "p ( ! hi/orical n>rative1 & is :olly devoid ( o!r implications4 ,x 0 9 no way ?\ght necess>y = ! rite2 comp>e ! ,dida*e & = lat] liturgies see1 e4g41 ,coop] & ,maclean1 pp4 #agj-agb4 #agaa ,cor9?ians #aj4 #c1 ,john #f4 #fc4 #agb;,,iv1 #ah1 #d-e2 ,i1 #ac1 #b4 ,incid5tally1 ,ir5aeus tea*es an invocation ( ! ,logos1 n ! ,_s4 #agca ,clem5t #dd4 #d1 ,dida*e #ae4 #a4 #agd,possibly a copyi/'s error1 misread+ 8facietis04 ,! ,greek 0 ( c\rse 4 #age,?r\gh its use 9 ,/ ,james x suppli$ ! model = ! ,scotti% & ,am]ican ,pray] ,books4 #agf,m>k #f4 #ac1 ,james #e4 #ad4 #agg;,comp>e ,con/itutions ,,viii1 #cj4 #agh;,comp>e ibid41 #bi4 #agi,! se>* = ,greek antec$5ts has n be5 fruitful4 #ahj;,engli% edition by ,h4 ,danby 7,s4,p4,c4,k41 #aiai74 #aha or 2 ! latt] ^w pass$ into ,aramaic z sanh$r94 #ahb;,9 ,j]usalem1 h[ev]1 ! high prie/ presid$ z ! religi\s head ( ,israel4 #ahc;,9 ,judaism prie/hood came by bir?1 n by ord9ation4 ,! (fice _h little dignity4 #ahd;,a ,rabbi's au?ority 0 t ( 8 p]sonal le>n+4 ,v few presbyt]s c\ld h be5 ,rabbis1 except 9 ,j]usalem4 #ahe,! temple wor%ip ent]$ little into ! outlook ( mo/ ,jews4 ,outside ! temple prie/s _h almo/ no functions4 #ahf8;,adjuvet et gub]net02 9 ,greek 7,con/itutions ,,viii1 #af1 #d1 ,epitome ,,vi1 #b7 4 #ahg;,c]ta9 meals held by religi\s societies ( ,jews 7 only a specializ$ =m ( family devotions4 #ahh;,dida*e #ae4 #a4 #ahi;,be/ /udi$ 9 ! ,didascalia4 #aij;,9 v l>ge *ur*es conditions 7 diff]5t4 #aia,possibly impli$ 9 ,con/itutions ,,viii1 #df1 h[ev]4 #aib,mo/ explicitly 9 ,horn]'s a4 #aic;,9 ,h]mas 8m>tyrs0 7! ^w us$7 includes confessors4 ,! ,vision1 ( c\rse1 purports to describe a sc5e 9 heav51 b x naturally reflects ! e>?ly /atus4 #aid;,9 ,rome ca4 #bej !re 7 only =ty-six presbyt]s 7,eusebius ,,vi1 #dc1 #aa72 evid5tly confessors 7 n includ$4 #aie;,e4g41 ,eusebius ,,vi1 #dc1 #f1 :]e confessor%ip is call$ 8! highe/ hon\r04 #aif,yet ! fact t ! section goes on to ?reat5 confessors :o made cl]ical claims %[s a diff]5t tradition exi/$4 #aig;,eusebius ,,vi1 #dc1 #aa4 #aih;,eusebius1 l4c4 ,! o!r m9or ord]s 7 doorkeep]s1 read]s & acolytes4 ,all are /ill extant 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 al?\gh n[ only z /ages ?r\gh :i* c&idates = ! prie/hood pass2 ! same is virtually true ( ! subdiaconate & diaconate also4 #aii;,acts #b4 #da1 #h4 #ch1 #af4 #cc4 #bjj;,9 ?is passage 8he sigh$0 %\ld be r5d]$ 8he brea!d04 #bja;,comp>e ,ju/91 ,dialogue #aaf f4 #bjb;,comp>e ,s>apion4 #bjc,leviticus #ae4 #e1 etc4 #bjd;,contra/ ! read+ ( ! ,canons giv5 9 #ai4 #ah4 #bje,! tr9e =mula 9 ,mat!w #bh4 #ai is textually insecure4 #bjf;,epi/le #gj 7#fi74 #b4 #bjga ,cor9?ians #ab4 #ac1 etc41 ,john #c4 #e4 #bjh,popul> ,*ri/ian t]m9ology 0 n s hesitant4 #bji;,baptism4 #baj;,exodus #c4 #h1 etc4 #baa;,b ! ,te/am5t has no words ( adm9i/ration = ! w9e4 #bab;,due1 presumably1 to comb9+ ?is section ) ! prec$+4 ,! ,canons add et]nal life & ! eu*>i/4 #bac;,e4g41 ,con/itutions ,,vii1 #de1 #a4 ,comp>e ! position ( ! ,pray] 9 ! ,dida*e4 #bad,m>k #f4 #cj-dd2 #h4 #a-aj & p>allels4 #bae;,comp>e #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #bj-ba4 #baf,romans #g4 #c2 comp>e ,smyrnaeans #g4 #a4 ,9 ,smyrnaeans #h4 #a-b ! words are p]haps di/+ui%$4 #baga ,cor9?ians #aa4 #bj4 #bah,s9ce ! b5$ictions us$ ov] eu*>i/ic bread & w9e & agape bread & w9e 7if w9e 0 to be _h7 may h be5 id5tical1 e>ly ,*ri/ians may (t5 h be5 9 d\bt z to ! mean+ ( a meal4 #bai,p4 #fh4 #bbj,lit]ally 8/eadfa/04 #bba,ri$el misses ! mean+ ( ksms4 #bbb;,comp>e ,t]tullian1 ,on ,pray] #ah-ai = exagg]ations ( ! same ?\ght4 #bbc,! 8/ations0 ( ,t]tullian1 ,on ,pray] #ai4 #bbd;,exodus #bi4 #ci2 #be4 #cj4 #bbe,s explicitly 9 ! ,e?iopic4 #bbfa ,pet] #c4 #ai4 #bbg;,e4g41 ,galatians #d4 #ad4 #bbh;,impurity c also be bl[n away2 comp>e #bj4 #h & 7e4g47 ,t]tullian 7l4c474 #bbi;,connolly 7p4 #ajd7 pref]s to say t ! c]emony 8is 9 "s s5se an integral "p ( ! "o & orig9al baptism04 ,,indexes ,a4 ,,biblical ,,citations ,,by ,,hippolytus ,b4 ,,biblical ,,ref]5ces ,,9 ,,introduction ,,& ,,notes ,c4 ,,patri/ic ,,ref]5ces ,,9 ,,introduction ,,& ,,notes ,d4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,names1 ,,writ+s ,,& ,,subjects ,a4 ,,biblical ,,citations ,,by ,,hippolytus ,exodus #ab4 #bb page #eg #be4 #cj #ee #bi4 #ci #ee ,numb]s #i4 #aa #ec ,mat!w #e4 #ac #ea #be4 #f #ef #be4 #ac #ef ,john #f4 #ej #ee #aj4 #ad #ee #ac4 #aj #ee ,acts #a4 #bd #fg #a ,cor9?ians #aa4 #aj #dc #aa4 #bd-bf #cf ,revelation #b4 #ag #di ,b4 ,,biblical ,,ref]5ces ,,9 ,,introduction ,,& ,,notes ,g5esis #a4 #ca #fi #b4 #g #hi ,exodus #c4 #h #ie #ab4 #bb #ajf #bd4 #i #ge #bd4 #i-aa #gh #be4 #cj #ajd #bi4 #ci #ajd ,leviticus #ae4 #e #ia #ae4 #af-ah #aje ,numb]s #i4 #aa #ajb #aa4 #be #gh ,deut]onomy #ah4 #d #aja #a ,samuel #af4 #ac #ij ,psalm #ea4 #ab #fg #aai4 #afd #ajc ,canticles #b4 #a #ajb ,isaiah #f4 #c #ga #g4 #ae #ie #i4 #f #gb #fe4 #b #gb ,lam5tations #a4 #ag #gb ,ze*>iah #d4 #ab #ge ,wisdom #ad4 #be-bf #e ,mat!w #c4 #af #fg #ab4 #dj #aje #ac4 #cj #bc #ae4 #aa #b #ah4 #f #b #ai4 #i #b #be4 #f #aje #be4 #ac #aje #bf4 #gd #aje #bg4 #bd #ajd #bh4 #ai #ib ,m>k #f4 #ac #gd1 #ia #f4 #cj-dd #ig #g4 #a-ae #ajd #g4 #cd #hi #h4 #a-aj #ig #h4 #f-g #fh #ad4 #be #fi #ae4 #be #ajd #ae4 #cc #aje #af4 #ah #fa ,luke #c4 #g #ib #ab4 #ac-af #b #bb4 #ai-bj #ie ,john #c4 #e #ic #f #ig #f4 #ej #aje #f4 #fc #ga #aj4 #ad #aje #ac4 #aj #hi1 #aje #ad4 #cj #hh #ai4 #ad #ajd #ai4 #cd #aje #bj4 #bb #fg ,acts #a4 #bd #fg #b4 #da #he #d4 #bg-cj #fg #f #ha1 #hg #f4 #a-c #ig #f4 #b #fc #h4 #ag #ic #h4 #ah-bd #hf #h4 #ch #he #ae4 #bh-bi #b1 #c #af4 #cc #he #ai4 #f #ic #bj4 #bh #fd #bb4 #af #ib ,romans #a4 #bi-ca #e #h4 #ae #if #aj4 #i #ib #ab4 #a #fe1 #fg #ad4 #ad #b1 #bc #a ,cor9?ians #f4 #aa #ib #g4 #aj #b #h4 #h #c #aj4 #b #ib #aj4 #c #ga #aj4 #af #fi #aj4 #be-bf #c #aa4 #d #e #aa4 #aj #hh #aa4 #bj-ba #fe1 #ig-ih1 #ajj #aa4 #bd-bf #gc #aa4 #cc #ih #ab4 #ac #ic #ab4 #bh #gh1 #he ,galatians #d4 #f #if #d4 #ad #ajf ,ephesians #b4 #bj #g ,philippians #d4 #ah #fe #a ,timo?y #c4 #b-g #fd #c4 #b-c #e #d4 #d-e #fi #d4 #ad #gg #e4 #a-af #hc #b ,timo?y #a4 #f #gg ,titus #c4 #a-b #e #c4 #e #ic ,hebrews #f4 #d-h #bb #g4 #be #fg #aj4 #bf-ca #bb #ab4 #ag #bb #ac4 #ae-af #fe ,james #e4 #ad #gd1 #ia #a ,pet] #b4 #e #fe #b4 #i #ij #c4 #ai #aje ,jude #ab #ih #ag #g ,revelation #a4 #f #ij #b4 #ad #c #b4 #ag #ie #b4 #bj #c #e4 #aj #ij #h4 #c #fe #ba4 #ad #g ,c4 ,,patri/ic ,,ref]5ces ,,9 ,,introduction ,,& ,,notes #a ,clem5t #dj-da #d #db4 #d #g #dd4 #a-b #g #dd4 #d #gb #df4 #h #b #dg4f #g #b ,clem5t #ab4 #b #b ,ignatius ,magnesians #i4 #a #e ,romans #g4 #c #ig ,philadelphians #d #fd ,smyrnaeans #g4 #a #gj1 #ig #h4 #a-b #ig1 #ajj ,h]mas ,vision ,,iii1 i #ha ,dida*e #c4 #a-f #e #g4 #a #ij1 #ib #h4 #a #ajb #h4 #b #if #i-aj #ic #i4 #a #gj #i4 #e #gj #ac4 #c #c1 #fd1 #aja #ac4 #g #c #ad #gb1 #ic #ad4 #a-b #ff #ae4 #a #fd1 #gb1 #gg ,ju/9 ,apology #fe #ic #fg #gd1 #hc1 #ic ,dialogue #aaf f4 #ij ,ir5aeus ,i1 #ac4 #b #gb ,,iv1 #ah4 #gb #d-e ,hippolytus ,daniel comm5t>y iii1 #i4 #f #gb ,philosophum5a ,proem4 #fc ,proem4 #f #fd i1 #bc4 #d #fc ix1 #g #ah ff41 #fd f4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria ,p$agogue ,i1 #de4 #a #id #ej4 #d #ij ,,ii1 #d-g #ig1 #ajj ,t]tullian ,apology #cj #hc #ci #if ,baptism #g #ij #ag #fd ,*aplet #c #id ,exhortation to *a/ity #g #fd #aa #fd ,m>cion ,i1 #ad #id ,,iii1 #ai #id ,,iv1 #dj #id ,on pray] #ac #ajd #ah-ai #ajb #ai #ajd ,to 8 ,wife ,,ii1 #e #fa1 #aje ,cyprian ,epi/le #gj4 #b #ic ,eusebius ,hi/ory ,v1 #bd #h ,v1 #bh4 #ajb #aj-ab ,,vi1 #bj #af ,,vi1 #dc4 #f #hb ,,vi1 #dc4 #aa #hb1 #he ,a?anasius ,fe/al ,lett] #ci #aj ,cyril ( ,j]usalem ,cate*etical ,lectures #bj4 #c #ia #bc4 #bj #id ,j]ome ,vir4 ill4 #fa #af1 #ah ,s>apion #ab #ha #ac #gi #ad #fh ,mi%nah ,b]akho? vi1 #a-b #aja #a #fh1 #fi #f #ih f4 ,d4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,names1 ,,writ+s ,,& ,,subjects ,a ,absolution1 #bb f41 #fd f4 ,a*elis1 #bg ,acolytes1 #he ,agape1 #ej f41 #ei1 #fe1 #if ff4 ,anamnesis1 #ga1 #gc ,apophoretum1 #ea1 #ajj f4 ,apo/olic ,canons1 #ac ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,ord]1 #aa ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 #ab ,b ,baptism ,eu*>i/1 #dh f41 #hi1 #ic ff4 ,=mula1 #dg1 #ib ,image1 #eg1 #ajf ,liturgy1 #de ff41 #ij ff4 ,baptism 9 blood1 #dd ,ba?+1 #dd ,bible read+1 #ed1 #ajd ,bi%ops ,at agape1 #ej f41 #ei1 #ih ff4 ,at baptism1 #dd ff41 #hh ff4 ,at eu*>i/1 #ce ff41 #dh f41 #eh1 #gb1 #gg1 #ic ff41 #ajj f4 ,consecration1 #cd1 #ff ff4 ,election1 #cc1 #fc ,fa/+1 #ej ,(fice1 #fd ,bless+s1 #fh ff41 #ih ff4 ,bless+s ( p]sons1 #dc1 #hh ,burial1 #ec1 #ajc ,c ,calli/us1 #ah ff41 #fc1 #ajc ,canons ( ,hippolytus1 #ae ,c>?age1 ,?ird ,c\ncil1 #id ,cate*um5s1 #dc ff41 #ej f41 #ef1 #he ff4 ,*>ismata1 #da1 #dc1 #ed1 #eg1 #he1 #hg1 #ajd ,*eese1 #cg1 #gd f4 ,*rism1 #ia ,*ri/ology1 #bj ff41 #fc1 #fg1 #gb ,commodus1 #ai ,common ,pray]1 #gd ,concelebration1 #gb ,confessors1 #ci1 #ha f4 ,confirmation1 #dg f41 #ic ,connolly1 #aa1 #bg f41 #cj1 #fa1 #fc1 #fg1 #ajc1 #ajf ,conv]ts accept$1 #da ff41 #hf f4 ,coop]1 ,j41 #ae1 #bh ,coxe1 ,a4 ,c41 #ah ,cre$1 #df1 #ib f41 #ie ,d ,deacons ,at agape1 #ea1 #eh1 #ih1 #ajj ,at baptism1 #de f41 #ia f4 ,at eu*>i/1 #ci1 #dh f41 #eh1 #hj ,(fice1 #ch1 #ec1 #eh1 #gi f41 #ajc ,ord9ation1 #ch1 #hj f4 ,deaconesses1 #hj1 #hc f4 ,de ,sacram5tis1 #gc ,dida*e1 #i ,didascalia1 #aj ,dll+]1 #ag1 #ai ,doxologies1 #fg ,du*esne1 #bg ,e ,epitome1 #ac ,eu*>i/ ,adm9i/ration1 #ie ,anamnesis1 #ga1 #gc ,z sacrifice1 #fe f41 #ga1 #gc ,at baptism1 #dh f41 #hi1 #ic ff4 ,at ord9ations1 #ci f41 #hc ,celebrant1 #gb1 #ih1 #ajj ,consecration1 #dh1 #fi ff41 #ic ff4 ,fa/+ communion1 #eb f41 #fj1 #ajb ,invocation1 #ga f4 ,liturgy1 #ce1 #dj1 #dh1 #eh1 #fh ff4 ,"n1 #gj ,relation to agape1 #ig ff4 ,ev5+ s]vice1 #eh f4 ,exorcism1 #dd1 #ej1 #hh f41 #ia1 #ii1 #aja ,extempore pray]1 #dj1 #gj ,f ,fa/+1 #dd1 #ej1 #eb f41 #hi1 #if1 #ajb ,fa/+ communion1 #eb f41 #fj1 #ajb ,fir/-fruits1 #eb1 #ff1 #gd1 #aja f4 ,fl[]s1 #eb1 #ajb ,funk1 #ac f41 #af1 #bh ,g ,gno/icism1 #hf1 #ajb ,goltz1 #bh ,gronov1 #ag ,h ,h>nack1 #bf ,h>ris1 ,j4 ,r41 #aj ,haul]1 #bg ,head-cov]+1 #dc ,heal]s1 #da1 #he ,he>]s1 #da1 #hf ,holy ,week1 #dd f41 #eb f41 #hi1 #if1 #ajb ,honey1 #dh1 #hi1 #id f4 ,horn]1 #ab1 #bg1 #bi1 #cd ,h\rs ( pray]s1 #ed ff41 #ajc ff4 ,i ,image ( baptism1 #eg1 #ajf ,invocation1 #ga f4 ,isidore ( ,seville1 #bh ,j ,jungklaus1 #bh1 #cj1 #cb1 #dg1 #fa ,k ,kirk1 ,k4 ,e41 #e ,kiss ( peace1 #ce1 #dc1 #dh1 #hh ,l ,lag>de1 #bg ,legge1 ,f41 #ai ,levites1 #ha ,lietzmann1 #aj ,lightfoot1 #ah ,"l's ,pray]1 #ic1 #if ,"l's ,supp]1 #ej f4 ,ludolf1 #bg ,m ,maclean1 #ae1 #bh ,macmahon1 ,j4 ,h41 #ah ,m>riage1 #da1 #ee1 #aje ,maxim9us1 #bd ,m5/ruation1 #dd1 #hi ,milk1 #dh1 #hi1 #id f4 ,mill]1 ,b4 ,e41 #ag ,m9or ord]s1 #dj f41 #hc ff4 ,modalism1 #bj ff41 #fc1 #fg1 #gb ,moses1 #cg1 #eg1 #gf ,muil5b]g1 #i ,o ,( ,gifts1 #ab1 #be1 #cc ,oil1 #cf1 #de ff41 #gd f4 ,olives1 #cg1 #gd ,p ,p5teco/1 #ec1 #ajb ,pius ,,iv1 #ag ,pontianus1 #bd ,pray]1 #ed ff41 #ajc ff4 ,presbyt]s ,at agape1 #ea1 #ajj ,at baptism1 #de ff41 #ij ff4 ,at eu*>i/1 #ce1 #di1 #eh1 #gb1 #gg ,fa/+1 #ej ,(fice1 #ec1 #eh1 #ge ff41 #hj f41 #ajc ,ord9ation1 #cg1 #ge ff4 ,ord9ation p[]1 #ch1 #ff1 #gg ff41 #hj ,prie/hood1 #cd1 #ch f41 #ec1 #fd1 #gg ,r ,rabbis1 #gf ,read]s1 #dj1 #hd ,res]v$ sacram5t1 #fj f4 ,ri$el1 #ae1 #aja ,ruf9us1 #ib ,s ,sabellius1 #ba ,sacrifices1 #fe f4 ,sanctus1 #ga ,s>apion1 #ae ,s*]mann1 #aa ,s*oolma/]s1 #db1 #hg ,s*w>tz1 #bh1 #cj1 #fa ,sick1 #ec1 #eh1 #gd1 #ajb ,sign ( ! cross1 #de1 #dh1 #ee ff41 #hi1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajf ,soldi]s1 #db1 #hg ,spittle1 #ef1 #ajf ,/oicism1 #e ,subdeacons1 #da1 #ec1 #hd ,t ,tattam1 #bg ,te/am5t ( ,our ,"l1 #ad ,ti!s1 #c1 #aja ,u ,unction1 #cf f41 #de ff41 #ij ff4 ,urbanus1 #bd ,v ,victor1 #ai ,virg9s1 #dj1 #ej1 #ei1 #hd1 #if ,w ,wa%+1 #ed f41 #ajc f4 ,wat]1 ,baptismal1 #de1 #ij ,wat]1 ,eu*>i/ic1 #dh f41 #ie ,weekday s]vices1 #ed1 #ajd ,w5dl&1 #ag ,wid[s1 #dj1 #dd1 #ej1 #ea1 #eh1 #hc f41 #if1 #aja ,williams1 ,a4 ,l41 #fh ,wom51 #dj1 #dc f41 #hg f4 ,wordswor?1 ,john1 #af ,z ,zephyr9us1 #ah ff41 #fc ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,sil5tly correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,mov$ v]se_/s5t5ce numb]s f ! 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