,,dutch ,,methods ,,of ,,birth ,,control4 ,,by ,,margaret ,h4 ,,sanger4 ,,dutch ,,methods ,,of ,,birth ,,control4 ,the following methods are taken from the pamphlet published by the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland1 called 8,methods ,used to ,prevent ,large ,families10 translated into ,english from the ,dutch4 ,the ,council of the ,neo-,malthusian ,league calls attention to the fact that it has for its sole object the ,prevention of ,conception1 and not the causing of abortion4 ,the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland knows nothing of this pamphlet1 and is not in any way responsible for its publication4 ,m4 ,h4 ,s4 ,a ,,brief ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,league4 ,in the year #ahgg ,mrs4 ,annie ,besant and ,mr4 ,charles ,bradlaugh1 two firm and honest advocates of the doctrine of ,malthus1 were prosecuted and sentenced to imprisonment for publishing a book entitled 8,the ,fruits of ,philosophy10 which presented the physiological aspects of birth control4 ,the trial lasted several days1 and aroused a greater interest in the subject than had been known since the days of ,malthus4 ,the ,english ,press was full of the subject2 scientific congresses gave it their attention2 many noted political economists wrote about it2 over a hundred petitions were presented to ,parliament requesting the freedom of open discussion2 meetings of thousands of persons were held in all the large cities2 and as a result1 a strong ,neo-,malthusian ,league was formed in ,london4 ,interest in the subject did not confine itself to ,england1 however1 for the following year at an ,international ,medical ,congress in ,amsterdam the subject was discussed with great enthusiasm4 ,a paper prepared and read by ,mr4 ,s4 ,van ,houten 7later ,prime ,minister7 caused a wider interest in the subject1 and a year later the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland was organised4 ,charles ,r4 ,drysdale1 then ,president of the ,english ,league1 attended the ,conference4 ,as is usual in such causes1 many of the better educated and intelligent classes adopted the practice at once1 as did the better educated workers2 but the movement had as yet no interest among the poorest and most ignorant4 ,the ,league set to work at once to double its efforts in these quarters4 ,dr4 ,aletta ,jacobs1 the first woman physician in ,holland1 became a member of the ,league1 and established a clinic where she gave information on the means of prevention of conception free to all poor women who applied for it4 ,naturally1 this action on the part of a member of the medical profession aroused the animosity of many of its members against her2 but ,dr4 ,jacobs stood firm in her principles1 and continued to spread the necessary information among the peasant women in ,holland in the face of professional criticism and gross misunderstandings4 ,all classes1 especially the poor1 welcomed the knowledge with open arms1 and requests came thick and fast for the ,league's assistance to obtain the necessary appliances free of charge4 ,the consequence has been that for the past twelve years the ,league has labored chiefly among the people of the poorest districts4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,rutgers and ,madame ,hoitsema ,rutgers1 two other ardent advocates of these principles1 have devoted their lives to this work4 ,dr4 ,rutgers says that where this knowledge is taught there is a reciprocal action to be observed3 8,in families where children are carefully procreated1 they are reared carefully2 and where they are reared carefully1 they are carefully procreated40 ,the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland has over #e1jjj men and women in its membership1 and more than fifty nurses whom it endorses4 ,,the ,,district ,,nurses4 ,these nurses are trained and instructed by ,dr4 ,rutgers in the proper means and hygienic principles of the methods of ,family ,limitation4 ,they are established in practice in the various towns and cities throughout ,holland4 ,they not only advise women as to the best method to employ to prevent conception1 but they also supply them with a well-fitted pessary1 and teach them how to adjust1 remove1 and care for it--all for the small sum of #a guilder1 or about #fj cents4 ,they work mainly in the agricultural and industrial districts1 or are located near them2 and their teachings include not only the method of prevention of conception1 but instruction in general and sexual hygiene1 cleanliness1 the uselessness of drugs1 and the non-necessity of abortions4 ,in this country1 for a nurse to dare to fit a woman with a pessary would be considered a breach of professional rights4 ,in ,holland1 they know the poor cannot pay the physicians1 and this simple adjustment is looked upon by the medical profession much as they view the nurse administering an enema or a douche4 ,i had the pleasure of attending some of the classes where ,dr4 ,rutgers gave this course of instruction4 ,i also attended and assisted in the clinics where women came to be advised1 instructed1 and fitted4 ,many of them came for the first time1 and though they were unacquainted with any means to be employed1 they accepted the instructions in a most natural and intelligent manner4 ,other women came to be refitted1 and many brought the pessary previously used1 to ask questions concerning its adjustment4 ,there was a determined social responsibility in the attitude of these peasant women coming into ,the ,hague from the surrounding districts4 ,it seemed like a great awakening4 ,they look upon a new baby in the family much as they look upon the purchase of an automobile or a piano or any other luxury where they have no room to keep it1 and no means with which to purchase it or to continue in its upkeep4 ,there is no doubt that the establishment of these clinics is one of the most important parts in the work of a ,birth ,control ,league4 ,the written word and written directions are very good1 but the fact remains that even the best educated women have very limited knowledge of the construction of their generative organs or their physiology4 ,what1 then1 can be expected of the less educated women1 who have had less advantages and opportunities8 ,it is consequently most desirable that there be practical teaching of the methods to be recommended1 and women taught the physiology of their sex organs by those equipped with the knowledge and capable of teaching it4 ,the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland endorses1 as the most reliable means of prevention of conception1 the ,mensinger pessary 7which differs in construction from the ,french or the ,american ,mizpah pessary74 ,the nurses also recommend this2 but other methods are discussed with the patient1 and the husband's attitude toward other methods considered and discussed4 ,the pessary is the commonest recommendation1 as giving the most satisfactory results4 ,,results4 ,it stands to the credit of ,holland that it is perhaps the only country where the advocates of ,birth ,control have not been prosecuted or jailed4 ,this does not mean there has been no opposition to this propaganda2 on the contrary1 there is to-day strong opposition by the ,church1 and only a few years ago1 in #aiaa1 when a ,clerical ,government came into power1 laws were made against the propagation of these ideas1 and much of the freedom previously enjoyed by the ,league was denied it2 but on the expulsion of the ,clerical ,government later on1 the rights of free speech and free press were regained4 ,in the year #ahie the ,league was given a royal decree of public utility1 which again does not necessarily mean this propaganda is sanctioned by the ,government2 but the laws regarding the liberty of the individual and the freedom of the press uphold it1 and it is thus that its advocates are not molested4 ,the ,league has thirty sub-divisions1 which include all the large cities and towns and many of the smaller ones4 ,over #g1jjj pamphlets of the kind printed herein are sent out in the ,dutch language and several hundred in ,english and ,esperanto each year4 ,these are only sent when asked for by the applicant4 ,there is no doubt that the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland stands as the foremost in the world in organisation1 and also as a practical example of the results to be obtained from ,birth ,control teaching4 ,aside from the spreading influence of these ideas in ,belgium1 ,italy1 and ,germany1 ,holland presents to the world a statistical record which proves unmistakeably what the advocates of ,birth ,control have claimed for it4 ,the infantile mortality of ,amsterdam and ,the ,hague is the lowest of any cities in the world1 while the general death rate and infantile mortality of ,holland has fallen to be the lowest of any country in ,europe4 ,these statistics also refute the wild sayings of those who shout against ,birth ,control and claim it means race suicide4 ,on the contrary1 ,holland proves that the practice of anti-conceptional methods leads to race improvement1 for the increase of population has accelerated as the death rate has fallen4 ,there has also been a rapid improvement in the general physique and health of the ,dutch people1 while that of the high birth rate countries1 ,russia and ,germany1 is said to be rapidly deteriorating4 ,the following figures will suffice to show some of the improvements which have been going on in ,holland since #ahha1 the time the ,league became actively engaged in the work3-- ,,vital ,,statistics ,,of ,,chief ,,dutch ,,towns4 ,taken from ,annual ,summary of ,marriages1 ,births1 and ,deaths in ,england and ,wales1 etc41 for #aiab4 ,,amsterdam 7,malthusian ,league started #ahha2 ,dr4 ,aletta ,jacobs gave advice to poor women1 #ahhe74 #ahha-he4 #aijf-aj4 #aiab4 ,birth ,rate #cga #bdg #bcc per #a1jjj of population4 ,death ,rate #bea #aca #aaba ,infantile ,mortality #bjc #ij #fda per #a1jjj living 7deaths in first births4 year7 ,,the ,,hague 7now the headquarters of the ,neo-,malthusian ,league74 #ahha-he4 #aijf-aj4 #aiab4 ,birth ,rate #chg #bge #bcf per #a1jjj of population4 ,death ,rate #bcc #acb #ajia ,infantile ,mortality #bad #ii #ffa per #a1jjj living 7deaths in first births4 year7 ,,rotterdam4 #ahha-he4 #aijf-aj4 #aiab4 ,birth ,rate #cgd #cbj #bij per #a1jjj of population4 ,death ,rate #bdb #acd #aac ,infantile ,mortality #bji #aje #gi per #a1jjj living births4 ,footnote #a3 ,these figures are the lowest in the whole list of death rates and infantile mortalities in the summary of births and deaths in cities in this ,report4 ,,fertility ,,and ,,illegitimacy ,,rates4 #ahhj-b4 #ahij-b4 #aijj-b4 ,legitimate ,fertility #cjfd #bife #bebg ,legitimate ,births per #a1jjj ,married ,women aged #ae to #de4 ,illegitimate #afa #afc #aac ,illegitimate ,births ,fertility per #a1jjj ,unmarried ,women aged #ae to #de4 ,,the ,,hague4 #ahhj-b4 #ahij-b4 #aijj-b4 ,legitimate ,fertility #cdfe #cjci #beej ,illegitimate ,fertility #acd #acf #ggb ,,rotterdam4 #ahhj-b4 #ahij-b4 #aijj-b4 ,legitimate ,fertility #ccad #cabj #biij ,illegitimate ,fertility #agd #afe #aca ,footnote #b3 ,lowest figure for the ,continent4 ,the ,neo-,malthusian propaganda in ,holland is founded on feministic and economic grounds4 ,birth ,control is the pivot around which both of these important movements must swing4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,van ,houten1 late ,minister of the ,interior of the ,netherlands1 says3 8,wage-slavery exists as a consequence of the carelessness with which the former generation produced wage-slaves2 and this slavery will continue so long as the adult children of these wage-slaves have nothing better to do than to reproduce wage-slaves40 ,there has been marked improvement in the labor conditions in ,holland during these last ten years especially1 wages having increased and hours of labor decreased1 with the cost of living taking a comparatively very small rise4 ,there is perhaps no country in ,europe where the educational advantages are so great as in ,holland4 ,many ,english women and widows with children1 living on small incomes1 move to ,holland on account of the splendid education to be obtained in the public schools4 ,that the ,birth ,control propaganda has been a success in ,holland any one travelling through that delightful1 clean1 and cheerful country can testify4 ,there is no doubt that at first there were objections and abuses1 but1 in the words of ,dr4 ,rutgers1 8,certainly there are abuses1 but the abuses of knowledge are never so enormous as the abuses of ignorance4 ,and hygiene is the highest form of morality40 ,following are the methods1 reprinted from the practical pamphlet given out by the ,neo-,malthusian ,league of ,holland3-- ,confidential4 ,,medical ,,information4 ,considerations of health1 and uncertainty as to the rearing of her children1 or any other personal cause may urge the mother of a family to avoid frequent births4 ,for this purpose precautions are required by the married partners2 and these means may be employed by the wife as well as by the husband4 ,these methods are not absolutely infallible4 7,the only infallible methods are operations3 viz41 the obstructing by a ligature or by compression of the ,fallopian tubes2 the extirpation of the uterus or the ovaries in the female1 and of the testes in the male47 ,they must be made use of very carefully and perseveringly if the couple wish to reduce to a minimum the chances of increasing the number of children4 ,we shall give the minutest details about each of the methods known at the present day1 insisting1 last of all1 upon the injections1 for the essential part of every preventive method consists in cleanliness4 ,it is in the case of women who have had children that the methods about which we have to speak are most easily applied2 for the narrower the female passage1 the greater is the difficulty in making use of them4 ,of course1 we shall not speak here of sexual satisfaction such as masturbation1 which may be dangerous to health1 consisting in an artificial excitation rather than in the appeasing of a physiological need4 ,when the accoucheur or midwife who examines a woman in labour pushes the finger1 moistened with a little soap1 as far as possible into the vagina1 a small protuberance is felt like the tip of the finger1 which is the lower end of the womb4 ,the womb1 the mouth of which is felt with some difficulty in the centre of the protuberance1 is the little nest in which the human egg is hatched4 ,as soon as the male fluid 7sperm7 has arrived within the orifice of the womb the woman can no longer prevent impregnation1 even if she immediately use vaginal injections with the most sedulous care2 and to inject fluid into the womb or to make any other attempt to destroy the ovulum within the womb is more or less dangerous1 as it may produce fever or hmorrhage4 ,these operations are in the department of medicine or surgery1 and are only permissible for the prevention of some dangerous disease1 or danger of sudden death4 ,the medicines or poisons recommended for re-establishing menstruation are rarely of any effect1 and are dangerous to life4 ,the following methods have simply the aim of preventing the male fluid from entering into the mouth of the womb2 they in nowise injure the health1 and are not forbidden in any civilised country either by moral codes or by law4 ,,means ,,to ,,be ,,employed ,,by ,,the ,,husband4 ,the principal anti-conceptional method is1 of course1 absolute continence maintained for a long period1 and this is needed in some cases1 when the wife is ill1 for instance1 or when she requires perfect repose4 ,the wife who wishes to remain free by this means ought nevertheless to take great care as to cleanliness1 and if the husband forget himself for a moment1 she should immediately give herself energetic injections2 but this may be too late4 ,some physicians think that periodical abstention during menstruation and for a week before and after the period would suffice to prevent conception2 but this cannot be trusted to4 ,it is true that women are less apt to be impregnated at these times2 but cases have been known of numbers of pregnancies taking place in spite of this precaution4 ,during the period of lactation the chances of pregnancy also are less2 but there is no certainty in this case4 ,by the effort of the will and by practice1 it is possible for certain men to practice connection frequently without expulsion of the male fluid2 just as it is possible for civilised persons who are intelligent to keep back their tears even when deeply moved4 ,this kind of special faculty of prevention has been called karezza 7to be dealt with in full in the next pamphlet74 ,when the husband can employ no other method1 he can always practise withdrawal out of the female passage before emitting2 but it might suffice for the male fluid to moisten the exterior genital parts of the wife to cause impregnation4 ,this method is simple1 without expense and requiring no preliminary preparation1 but the wife should inject herself immediately with care if she suspects any negligence on the part of the husband4 ,he too ought to wash himself thoroughly 7pushing back the prepuce7 before recommencing relations with his wife within #bd hours4 ,when the effort is not too violent for the man1 and if the wife is more or less satisfied1 this method is not injurious to the health4 ,at any rate occasionally another method may be used4 ,when the male organ is covered by an indiarubber ,french ,letter1 condom1 or ,malthus sheath1 a little bag with thin walls1 there is no chance of the woman being impregnated if the bag be not torn4 ,in all instrument-makers' shops they are sold at from two to three shillings the dozen4 ,one rather too large is to be preferred1 for these bags contract if used more than once4 ,when the husband makes use of the ,french ,letter1 it must be unrolled1 pushing it up not quite to the end1 expressing with the hand the air bubbles which may remain in its cavity2 the bottom may also be moistened inside with a little soapy water or saliva4 ,if1 after using it1 the ,french ,letter be empty1 it is evident that it must have been torn1 in which case the wife should immediately use careful injections2 but this may be too late4 ,one letter may suffice for several times2 in this case1 it must each time be carefully wiped off or washed and dried and inflated in order to remove the folds1 and to see that it has not been torn2 and lastly1 it may be powdered with a little powder inside and outside4 ,the best powder is that of lycopodium1 which is obtainable at a cheap rate in druggist shops4 ,after having powdered it1 the ,french ,letter may be opened by means of two fingers1 and be rolled up again when required for further use4 ,the same ,french ,letter should not be too often used1 perhaps two weeks or six times1 and it should not be too old1 for in the lapse of time it loses its properties4 ,like all things made of indiarubber1 it is well to keep it in a rather damp1 cool place1 and shield it from light or frost1 it must not be touched by greasy substances1 such as oil1 fat1 vaseline1 paraffin1 etc41 nor with carbolic acid or other substances which act upon indiarubber4 ,there are also ,french ,letters or condoms of gut1 called ,skin ,letters1 made from the ccum of sheep4 ,these are sold at higher prices1 and are more durable and stronger than the indiarubber ones4 ,they have the fault that they become somewhat hard after frequent use4 ,they are not elastic1 and therefore cannot be rolled up1 so that they cannot be used if they are too narrow4 ,before use1 it should be carefully examined against the light to see that it is not made of pieces glued together1 which fall asunder as soon as the bag is moistened1 and then it must be blown up gently to see that there are no holes in it4 ,when good1 it may be used for a month4 ,their employment is quite like that of indiarubber letters4 ,the ,french ,letter is the only preventive which diminishes a great deal the chances of contracting venereal diseases4 ,when there is any chance of venereal contagion1 it is necessary to wash the ,french ,letter with a solution of corrosive sublimate 7perchloride of mercury71 one in #aj1jjj parts of water2 then it should be dried and powdered4 ,by using this solution immediately after connection1 it is seen at once whether the ,french ,letter has been torn2 in this case1 the man must wash himself1 and the woman should use an injection with the same solution1 not only to prevent contagion to both of themselves1 but she also to prevent the birth of an infected infant4 ,when the husband is drunk1 and his wife1 fearing that a miserable child will be born1 has no other preventive at hand1 she can perhaps apply the ,french ,letter as if caressing him1 when he does not know what he is doing4 ,at all events1 she should always take care that one or two ,french ,letters be ready for use4 ,,means ,,that ,,may ,,be ,,used ,,by ,,the ,,wife4 ,the wife may prevent conception by passing into the vagina the occlusive pessary of ,dr4 ,mensinga2 if this do not remain in its place1 she may rather use that named ,matrisalus1 which is more curved4 ,if this also does not remain in its place1 the husband should use the ,french ,letter or condom4 ,if1 finally1 the husband will not use these means1 the wife may use the tubular pessary1 or1 for want of a better1 the sponge4 7,this is the only method available in countries where there are no medical practitioners or other persons who know the business1 and can choose and teach women how to place the pessaries47 ,these instruments1 designed to cover the mouth of the womb1 are not worn in the daytime4 ,the wife may introduce them every evening 7and by preference before the return of her husband74 ,during the night they all may remain untouched1 unless there be danger of the instrument being ill-placed4 ,on the morrow1 or in uncertain cases immediately after connection1 a small injection should first be made1 in order to cleanse away the greater part of the sperm1 then the instrument should be withdrawn standing upright or kneeling2 finally a full injection should be made use of to clear out thoroughly every corner of the organ4 ,the pessary must then be cleaned carefully1 and inspected to see that it is in good condition1 wiped gently and put away in a drawer without wrapping it up4 ,during menstruation the woman should entirely abstain from sexual relations4 ,when1 however1 it should chance that1 withdrawing the instrument she sees that the flow appears1 it will be necessary for her to use energetic injections if she had sexual relation4 ,the method which we mention for the use of women has the great advantage of permitting her to be free from care during the night2 and it is also an essential point that the husband need not be consulted in the matter4 ,if these instruments are well placed1 the husband cannot perceive their employment by the wife4 ,it is also requisite that the method does not at all annoy the wife2 if they produce the slightest pain1 it is because they are either ill-chosen or misplaced4 ,should the wife have any special disease of her organs1 she should refrain from all connection until cure is effected2 when there is doubt1 she ought to consult a physician before employing such methods4 ,the first instruction and choice of the instrument should be pointed out to the wife by a practitioner or by a midwife or by any other person acquainted with the matter4 ,if such assistance be unobtainable1 she may herself try to act under the following directions3-- ,the pessary ,mensinga 7price #ej cents7 is a simple ring closed by an indiarubber membrane curved like a hemisphere2 it is but of little importance whether the convex side be directed upwards or downwards4 ,these instruments are made of different sizes1 and are numbered corresponding to their diameters in centimeters4 ,the greatest number that can be introduced without discomfort gives the most security4 7,we advise engaged women to choose their pessary some weeks before marriage1 in order that the discomfort which results for the first moment may have passed away on the marriage day2 #f or #g will generally be suitable2 soon after marriage they should choose higher numbers4 ,the external orifice of the genitals may be very narrow1 and yet the vagina rather large74 ,it is good to commence by trying ,no4 #g4 ,generally the pessary is moistened with the same liquid which is used as an injection2 but on the first occasion1 and always when the pessary is introduced with difficulty1 the genital parts may be moistened with white soap to render them slippery4 ,when a wife is measured for a pessary she should be at her ease1 undressed1 without her stays1 in the stooping or cowering posture1 and thighs apart4 ,she should have been to the watercloset before4 ,to place the pessary1 it is pushed vertically into the longitudinal opening of the vulva4 ,the ring may be slightly pressed into a figure of #h1 but not forcibly so as to break the spring which is in its walls4 ,the part first introduced ought to be directed backwards2 the last inserted part should disappear behind the os pubis which is felt in front4 ,by hooking the finger behind this bone1 the pessary may be pushed up as far as it will go4 ,it is necessary to choose the pessary with care4 ,the essential conditions are3 7#a7 that there should be no space between the pessary and the os pubis1 nor that any should remain when it is pushed as far as possible backwards4 7,a very small space may perhaps be left1 on condition that the husband take care not to enlarge it during connection47 7#b7 ,we should feel the inferior tip of the womb covered by the membrane of the pessary when the finger is introduced as far as possible4 ,as a rule1 we should try the largest number that can enter1 and then higher numbers1 until the pessary is found which satisfies these conditions4 ,if the membrane of the pessary does not cover the mouth of the womb1 the pessary must be introduced not in the direction of the abdomen1 but backwards towards the anus 7bottom72 this method of operating may fail if the woman is stooping2 it will succeed better if she is lying down4 ,when a pessary is found which realises the conditions above described1 care must be taken that the instrument remains in its place when the woman is standing up with the thighs apart1 and making at the same time pressure of the abdomen4 ,if in such conditions the pessary descends so that a space is left between the pessary and the os pubis1 a larger number must be tried4 ,if no number of the ,mensinga pessary fits1 recourse must be had to the pessary ,matrisalus 7price #ge cents71 which is more difficult of application1 for with this instrument care must be taken that the convex side is placed above1 and the curved part in front1 in correspondence with the curved part of the os pubis4 ,this pessary has the great advantage that it does not descend so easily4 ,besides1 this pessary is treated like the others4 ,if this pessary does not suit either1 the husband must make use of the ,french ,letter1 and if he objects1 the wife might use the tubular pessary 7price #be cents71 which1 not serving as an obturator of the vagina1 covers the end of the womb like a cap4 ,the wife at first introduces her finger to find out the tip of the womb1 she then slides the tubular pessary up until it adheres like a sucker to its tip4 ,the higher part of the pessary should enter first1 and the instrument should be placed so that during connection the husband should scarcely touch the bottom of the pessary4 ,after the first connection1 the wife should see that the pessary remained in its place4 ,injections should be used as in former cases4 ,if none of these methods are applicable1 the wife may make use of a fine sponge4 ,this sponge ought to be as large as an infant's fist1 and be rather too large than too small1 so as to block up the vagina4 ,a thin ribbon is attached to the sponge1 in order to withdraw it easily4 ,the sponge must be renewed after a time1 as it loses its elasticity with use4 ,it should1 before it is introduced1 be moistened with the same solution as the fluid injection1 and then pushed up so that the womb is well covered4 ,injections should be used with the sponge before it is introduced and immediately after connection1 before and after removing the sponge4 ,it is not as certain a preventive as the pessaries4 ,yet this sponge is preferable to certain plans spoken of in the newspapers1 and which cost a good deal1 such as soluble pessaries1 containing quinine or some acid substance4 ,these are pushed up five or ten minutes before connection1 and as near as possible to the mouth of the womb1 with the hope that they may melt at the right moment and at the right place to destroy the vitality of the male fluid4 ,the ,atokos or other syringes with powder4 ,they contain an acid powder which is blown up into the vagina4 ,if either of these methods be used1 energetic injections should be taken immediately after connection4 ,injections1 made immediately after connection1 even with the most splendid syringes1 are not of themselves sufficient2 they always can come too late4 ,dr4 ,,hinz has invented a small syringe with an indiarubber ball at each end of a tube1 recommended by ,dr4 ,,fischer-,,duckelmann1 to inject a spermicide liquid1 which is warmed1 at the moment of the emission4 ,this syringe is called ,facilitas1 but it is neither easy nor secure4 ,with these syringes the liquids mentioned in the following chapter may also be used4 ,for the success of any of these methods1 it is indispensable that the wife should be acquainted with the position of the mouth of the womb4 ,,injections4 ,injections are an essential point of the sexual hygiene of the wife2 but they are not sufficient alone3 they complete the other preventive methods4 ,as injection1 any acid solution may be used2 for instance1 vinegar with equal parts of water1 or a solution of #a per cent4 of citric or tartaric acid1 etc4 ,any astringent solution1 which is also useful in the case of white discharges3 sulphate of zinc or alum1 of either #a per cent4 7a dessertspoonful of the powder in a litre or in a large bottle of water74 ,or corrosive sublimate 7perchloride of mercury71 a decigramme dissolved in a large bottle of water4 ,this last solution is also very powerful against venereal contagion2 but1 if too frequently employed1 it may prove poisonous4 ,solutions of copper or nitrate of silver may be used2 but these solutions stain the linen4 ,copper1 if long used1 is poisonous4 ,now1 what syringe should be used8 ,the simplest instrument is the glass syringe1 not curved1 of large size 7containing #fj cmc4 of liquid71 which costs #be cents4 ,the solution is poured into a cup and drawn up into the syringe2 the piston should be so carefully fitted that no fluid will escape when the syringe is held downward4 ,the most efficacious method of using the injection is to lie on the back1 on a vessel receiving the fluid1 the thighs drawn up and separated4 ,the syringe is pushed up into the vagina as far as possible1 and then this piston is rapidly pushed down2 when this has been done1 the syringe is moved from right to left1 in order to wash out all the folds of the vagina4 ,other instruments may as well be employed if it be only a syringe with a long tube1 that it may reach all vaginal folds--the clysopompe1 which acts by means of a spring2 the clysior or oblong bulb1 with a tube at each end2 the irrigator1 which is hung up on a nail high up on the wall4 ,these latter instruments require a much greater quantity of the solution than the glass syringe requires4 ,therefore the fluid1 almost a litre1 should be warmed when the weather is very cold1 or when the woman is very sensitive4 ,the tube ought not to be too curved1 and ought to be pushed up as far as possible and to be energetically moved in all directions1 so as to be sure that nothing remains in the vaginal folds4 ,the least useful syringes are the indiarubber pears1 by means of which it often happens that nothing more than the air contained in the pear is introduced into the vagina4 ,two important ,books by ,,margaret ,h4 ,,sanger--,what ,every ,girl ,should ,know1 price #be and #ej cents1 paper and cloth bound2 ,what ,every ,mother ,should ,know1 paper cover1 price #be cents4--,address1 ,m4 ,,maisel1 #dbb ,grand ,street1 ,new ,york ,city4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling4 #b4 ,archaic1 non-standard1 and uncertain spellings retained as printed4 #c4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 #d4 ,enclosed bold font in equals4