,s& ,dunes ,/ory ,,donna ,p4 ,,bessk5 ,illu/ration3 ,map ,to ,scotty's ,ca/le ,grapev9e ,mts4 ,to ,beatty ,dea? ,valley ,buttes ,fun]al ,mts4 ,cottonwood ,mts4 ,kit ,fox ,hills 8,old0 ,/ove ,pipe ,wells ,picnic ,area ,tall ,dunes ,/ove ,pipe ,wells ,devil's ,cornfield ,mosaic ,canyon ,salt ,creek ,to ,furnace ,creek ,tucki ,mt4 ,to ,lone ,p9e ,,welcome6 ,:at d ,,y see z ,,y look across ! dunes8 ,piles ( lifeless s&8 ,a giant s&box8 ,ea* ( u sees ! dunes diff]5tly4 ,we w\ld l to %>e ! /ory ( ! ,dea? ,valley ,s& ,dunes ) y4 ,?is booklet provides answ]s to "s ( y\r que/ions ab\t ! orig91 composition & =mation ( ! dunes4 ,we w also look at ! plants1 & = evid5ce ( animals t make _! home "h4 ,! features discuss$ are ne> ! edge ( ! dunes & all y ne$ is y\r curiosity to explore ?is fasc9at+ place4 ,a magnify+ glass or magnet may add to y\r enjoym5t4 ,rememb]--! dunes c be hot 9 spr+ & fall z well z 9 summ] mon?s4 ,be sure to c>ry wat]1 di/ance is deceiv+1 & a %ort /roll may become an ext5d$ walk4 ,d y want to walk b>efoot8 ,be c>eful ar\nd ! bu%es2 ?orns & plant debris are hidd5 9 ! s&4 ,c>ry y\r %oes1 y\r feet may get tir$1 or ! s& may become too hot4 ,:5 y are 9 ! %ade1 look ar\nd to see if o!r creatures are %>+ ! same cool place4 ,?is is home = su* des]t dwell]s z liz>ds1 kang>oo rats & sidew9d]s4 ,!re is no guid$ trail s9ce w9d c soon cov] a trail ) s&4 ,x's easy to f9d y\r way ar\nd & c be fun to *oose y\r own r\te4 ,look beh9d y to get firmly 9 y\r m9d :i* m\nta9 feature w be y\r l&m>k to guide y back to y\r vehicle4 ,to make ! be/ use ( ?is booklet1 flip ?r\gh x to locate topics ( int]e/4 ,read 9 sequ5ce1 or foll[ ! ord] ( y\r discov]ies4 ,use y\r s5ses to appreciate & explore ! s& dunes m fully4 ,pick up "s s& occasionally & comp>e ! texture1 temp]ature & o!r qualities to t f\nd 9 o!r locations4 ,be al]t = little ?+s--notice plants1 s& ripples1 animal burr[s & tracks4 ,let's walk into ! dunes a %ort di/ance & le>n _! secrets4 ,to =m s& dunes1 ?ree ?+s are ne$$3 w9d1 s&1 & a place = ! s& to collect4 ,! /ory ( ! dunes involves int]action among ^! factors & ! plants & animals t make _! homes 9 ?is sea ( s&4 ,,:y ,,are ,,! ,,dunes ,,"h8 ,are !y limit$ to ?is section ( ! valley8 ,d !y migrate8 ,answ]s to ^! que/ions are 9 ! w9ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,significant seasonal v>iations 9 w9d patt]ns affect ! dunes4 ,w9t] & summ] br+ w9ds f diff]5t directions2 nor!rly 9 w9t] & s\!rly 9 summ]4 ,l&=ms influ5ce crossw9ds & swirl+ w9d curr5ts 7eddies74 ,^! crossw9d & eddy patt]ns result 9 decreas$ w9d spe$ & cause ! s& to drop out 9 ! same g5]al area "t aft] "t4 ,seasonal v>iations 9 w9d direction help keep ! s& 9 "o area4 ,betwe5 individual dunes1 :ite salt deposits are (t5 se5 on ! surface ( an old clay lakeb$ 7playa74 ,"h too1 we see h[ tall ! dunes are because ! s& is pil$ entirely on top ( ?is playa4 ,infrequ5t ra9s produce *anges 9 ! playa surface1 & occasionally gravel is wa%$ into ! area f ne>by m\nta9s4 ,because ( ! clay cont5t ( ! soil1 ra9 wat] does n soak 9 quickly1 b lies 9 pools4 ,z ! pools evaporate1 fre% deposits ( salts & m9]als rema9 on ! surface4 ,simil> salt deposits ?r\gh\t ! valley to ! s\? m9imize ! am\nt ( available bl[+ s& by cem5t+ x toge!r4 ,dunes 9 ,dea? ,valley consi/ ( s& f local mat]ials f\nd 9 ne>by m\nta9s4 ,! prim>y s\rce ( ?is s& is believ$ to be ! ,cottonwood ,m\nta9s to ! we/ & nor?we/4 ,al?\gh ! %apes & patt]ns ( individual dunes may v>y daily or seasonally1 ! dune field itself is relatively /able4 ,illu/ration3 ,dunes ,pick up "s s&6 ,is x f9e or co>se8 ,wet or dry8 ,w>m or cold8 ,notice ! diff]5t colors4 ,a magnet may help y sep>ate p>ticles1 & a magnify+ glass w all[ y to exam9e !m m closely4 ,mo/ black p>ticles are magnetite--mo/ :ite ones are qu>tz4 ,o!r m9]als provide /ill diff]5t colors4 ,! s& "h is a product ( wea!r+ by w9d1 ra9 & *emical *anges--break+ blocks ( rock 7prim>ily granite7 f ne>by m\nta9s into p>ticles small & light en\gh to be c>ri$ by run-(f & toss$ ar\nd 9 ! frequ5t des]t w9ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,take a close look at s& gra9s4 ,,h[ ,,are ,,dunes ,,& ,,ripples ,,=m$8 ,ea* w9d produces *anges to ! surface ( ! s&4 ,x takes a #aj mph 7#af kph7 w9d to move f9e1 dry s&4 ,dur+ a s&/orm1 x may seem z if ! s& is bl[+ ?\s&s ( feet into ! air4 ,y\r view ( ! di/ant m\nta9s may be obscur$4 ,don't be fool$6 ,! dunes are n entirely airborne6 ,:at y see are du/ p>ticles be+ c>ri$ al(t because !y are small] & light] ?an s& gra9s4 ,seldom does dune-siz$ s& itself rise m ?an #f ft4 7#b m7 above ! gr\nd1 x is too heavy4 ,illu/ration3 ,ripples ,illu/ration3 ,movem5t ( s& gra9s ,actually1 mo/ s& travels )9 ab\t #ah 94 7#df cm7 ( ! gr\nd 9 a jump+ movem5t call$ saltation4 ,a w9dborne gra9 b\nces a %ort di/ance be=e cra%+ into ! s&y surface s5d+ o!r gra9s into flight4 ,! process cont9ues z ! w9d c>ries ! new gra9s a little f>!r1 cra%+ !m1 9 turn1 into ! surface & o!r gra9s along ! way4 ,s& gra9s too heavy to bl[ 9 ! w9d creep along ! surface ( ! s&1 :ile small] ones are truly airborne above ! dunes4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! entire s& surface fl[s or creeps along4 ,h y be5 comp>+ ! texture1 size & color ( s& 9 v>i\s sections ( ! dunes8 ,"s diff]5ces w be m obvi\s if y h ! *ance to visit bo? ! tall dunes by ,highway #aij & ! l[ ones by ! picnic area4 ,! s(t1 f9e s& by ! picnic area is c>ri$ f>!r by ! w9d ?an ! co>s] mat]ial f\nd 9 ! tall] dunes4 ,small] gra9s move f>!r ?an l>ge ones4 ,z a result ( ?is sort+ ( s& gra9s by v>iable w9ds1 ! l>g] gra9s accumulate 9 small ridges =m+ ripples4 ,size & %ape ( ^! =mations are relat$ to specific int]actions betwe5 s& & w9d4 ,! w9dw>d side ( a dune g5]ally has m dramatic sculptur+4 ,exam9e an area ) int]e/+ ripples4 ,w9d spe$1 direction1 duration1 & ! am\nt ( s& are important factors t h be5 measur$ & us$ to det]m9e ! size & spac+ ( dune ripples4 ,j z ^! ripples =m1 ! dunes !mselves respond to *anges 9 ea* ( ^! factors4 ,spe$ ,size ,,w9d ,duration ,,s& ,uni=mity ,,ripple ,,=mation ,direction ,am\nt ,illu/ration3 ,cross-section ( dune ,,summit ,,angle ,,( ,,repose ,,slipface ,,w9dw>d ,,angle ,,( ,,repose ,,foc #cd ,all dunes may be describ$ by ! above traits4 ,v>iations 9 %ape & size ( individual dunes are det]m9$ by ! ma!matical values appli$ to ea* ( ! traits m5tion$ 9 ! discussion ( ripple =mation4 ,ano!r feature ( int]e/ is ! dune %ape4 ,among ^! dunes y may f9d examples ( ?is classic textbook model & its v>iations4 ,illu/ration3 ,plants on ! playa 9 betwe5 ! dunes ,note t ! d[nw9d side ( ! dune1 ! slipface1 is ! /eep] "o4 ,f9e dry s& c only pile up s high be=e x breaks away & slides d[n ! slipface z an avalan*e to re/ at ! m /able angle ( repose1 ab\t #cd degrees4 ,we create m9iature avalan*es z we walk along ! cre/ ( a /eep dune4 ,,:at ,,plants ,,live ,,"h8 ,ea* area )9 ! dunes has some?+ diff]5t to (f]4 ,l[ dunes ne> ! picnic area h m vegetation ?an ! tall dunes ne> ,highway #aij4 ,plants1 visible f ! top ( _m dunes1 help ! dunes rema9 "h by /abiliz+ ! s& ) _! bran*es & roots4 ,y w see diff]5t plants1 dep5d+ on :e!r y are 9 ! tall or l[ dunes4 ,y may f9d !m 9 a diff]5t sequ5ce f t us$ 9 ?is booklet4 ,by look+ = diff]5t %ades ( gre51 y %\ld f9d ea* ( ! major %rubs & trees t live 9 ! dunes4 ,use ! diagrams & photos to help id5tify ^? y see4 ,let's take a clos] look to le>n h[ !y survive & h[ !y relate to ! /ory ( ! dunes4 ,c y f9d a l[ bu% :i* appe>s to h no leaves8 ,! /ems are jo9t$ & succul5t 7juicy7 & v>y 9 color f yell[i% to bright gre51 dep5d+ on ! season4 ,picklewe$ 7,all5rolfea occid5talis71 is (t5 f\nd on top ( l[ m\nds ( s&4 ,d ! /ems look l t9y pickles jo9$ end-to-end8 ,dur+ summ] mon?s1 t9y1 inconspicu\s1 yell[ fl[]s may be se5 at ! jo9ts4 ,) a magnify+ glass1 y may see ! m9iature leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,picklewe$ 7,all5rolfea occid5talis7 ,by r$uc+ leaf size1 ! plant m9imizes surface ?r\gh :i* wat] c be lo/4 ,gre5 /ems assume ! task ( photosyn!sis1 normally done by leaves1 provid+ food = ! plant ( ?is arid environm5t4 ,al?\gh ! s& does n (t5 appe> wet1 picklewe$ sugge/s wat] is n f> bel[ ! surface4 ,x requires a wet soil & c gr[ 9 v salty areas4 ,wat* = picklewe$ ne> ,badwat] also4 ,f9d a diff]5t %rub1 g5tly rub a leaf & smell x4 ,does x smell fa9tly l fi%8 ,look at ! leaf y h j rubb$4 ,did ! surface du/ rub (f to reveal a deep] %ade ( gre58 ,does x h fle%y leaves8 ,if s1 y h f\nd ! inkwe$ 7,sua$a torryana74 ,if y\r %rub has a less noticeable smell1 & p]haps rubb]-l texture1 & if y did n easily remove ! :ite *alky coat+ f ! light gray gre5 leaves1 x is saltbu%4 ,if y\r %rub has num]\s t9y sp9es1 be c>eful1 y may h f\nd a ,russian ?i/le 7,salsola kali7 or tumblewe$1 z x is also call$4 ,!y are n native to ,dea? ,valley1 b h become e/abli%$ 9 c]ta9 areas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inkwe$ 7,sua$a torryana7 ,inkwe$'s "y succul5t leaves & se$s 7 us$ = food by local ,%o%oni ,indians4 ,/ems & leaves 7 process$ to make a black dye4 ,y may notice t9y balls ( se$s at ! v ends ( "s bran*es4 ,! gre5 fl[]s are v inconspicu\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f\r-,,w+ ,,saltbu% 7,atriplex canesc5s7 ,saltbu% is light gre5 & its dry1 flat leaves are cov]$ ) salt4 ,roots remove salts f ! soil & wat]1 !n ! salt is deposit$ on ! out] surface ( ! leaves4 ,consequ5tly1 ! :it5$ leaf surfaces reflect sunlight1 !reby r$uc+ temp]ature & wat] loss4 ,!re are male & female saltbu%es4 ,y may want to se>* = se$s or fl[]s4 ,se$s on female bu%es h f\r t9y w+s :i* give x ! "n--f\r-w+ saltbu% 7,atriplex canesc5s74 ,se$s 7 us$ z food by ,%o%oni ,indians4 ,on y\r way into ! dunes did y notice any o!r plants8 ,if n1 wat* = !m z y return to y\r vehicle4 ,rememb]1 ! k9ds ( plants v>y dep5d+ on y\r location 9 ! dunes4 ,! clumps ( grass ne> ! picnic tables are alkali sacaton 7,sporobolis airoides74 ,approa*+ ! tall dunes y may h se5 l>ge plants ) small1 %9y1 smoo?1 d>k gre5 leaves--! creosote bu% 7,l>rea trid5tata74 ,x has small yell[ fl[]s1 usually obs]v$ 9 spr+time4 ,lat]1 small1 fuzzy1 :ite balls conta9+ se$s gr[ on its bran*es4 ,! l>g] gre5 or br[n1 walnut %ap$ gr[?s on ! bran*es are galls =m$ 9 response to an insect invad] 7midge74 ,if y miss$ creosote bu%es 9 ! dunes1 wat* = !m along ! roadsides--!y are common4 ,illu/ration3 ,,creosote ,,bu% 7,l>rea trid5tata7 ,al?\gh ! s& dunes seem dry1 !re is an und]gr\nd res]voir provid+ moi/ure & nutri5ts = vegetation4 ,! cru/y mud playa acts z a cap & r$uces evaporation ( ! und]gr\nd wat] supply4 ,ne>by1 at ,salt ,creek1 ! same wat] fl[s on ! surface z a /ream dur+ ! w9t] & spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mesquite 7,prosopis gl&ulosa7 ,mo/ plants gr[ 9 ! holl[s betwe5 ! dunes :]e !y receive "s protection f ! w9d & c rea* wat] m easily4 ,yet1 ! mesquite tree 7,prosopis gl&ulosa71 probably ! l>ge/ plant 9 sight1 is (t5 on top ( ! dunes4 ,by sl[+ ! w9d ) its bran*es1 ! mesquite causes s& to pile up 9 m\nds b5ea? x4 ,sometimes s& completely cov]s a "p ( ! tree caus+ bran*es to die4 ,! s& !n bl[s away1 expos+ ^? dead bran*es4 ,look = an example :i* illu/rates ?is s& movem5t4 ,mesquite trees h ?orns1 s be c>eful4 ,! mesquite tree loses its small1 delicate leaves dur+ w9t]4 ,its deep root sy/em1 gr[+ #ej-fj ft4 7#af-bj m7 into ! gr\nd to rea* fre% wat]1 helps ! tree survive4 ,"s plants1 su* z saltbu%1 picklewe$1 & mesquite seem incompatible because ( diff]5t m9]al & wat] requirem5ts4 ,h[ev]1 ^! plants are able to live ne> ea* o!r because _! roots are draw+ moi/ure & nutri5ts f diff]5t levels ( ! soil4 ,= example1 9 a ra9 =e/1 :]e ! roots h ample wat]1 mo/ plant gr[? is above gr\nd :]e competition is = sunlight4 ,:]eas 9 a des]t1 :]e sunlight is abundant1 competition = wat] is m critical4 ,! root sy/em ( des]t plants are highly develop$1 & ea* plant w f9d ! optimum level 9 ! soil suitable = its gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,mesquite tree3 s& collector1 food & %elt] = animals & ,%o%oni4 ,be c>eful n to trample ! roots z y explore ! m\nd ( s& ne> ! mesquite tree--y may collapse a burr[--rememb]1 y & ! animals may be %>+ ! same %ade4 ,mesquite trees are also special 9 t !y produce an edible & nutriti\s fruit4 ,9 late spr+1 t9y1 yell[ fl[] spikes hang f ! bran*es4 ,^! develop into yell[ bean pods by late summ]4 ,_m diff]5t animals use ! beans = food4 ,mesquite beans 7 also a major food s\rce = ! ,%o%oni4 ,,:at ,,did ,,! ,,%o%oni ,,d ,,"h8 ,%o%oni ,indians h liv$ 9 ,dea? ,valley = _m ye>s--migrat+ to ! m\nta9s = ! hot summ] mon?s & return+ to ! valley = ! w9t]4 ,_! movem5ts 7 relat$ to supplies ( food & wat] & influ5ce ( temp]ature4 ,x is m likely t areas su* z ^! s& dunes 7 visit$ = food ga!r+ r ?an z a place ( resid5ce4 ,to survive 9 ! des]t1 ! ,%o%oni _h to le>n :i* plants to eat1 :]e !y grew & :5 to h>ve/ !m4 ,!y also le>n$ :i* animals 7 reliable food s\rces--:]e !y c\ld be f\nd 9 abundance & :5 !y 7 active4 ,use y\r imag9ation--h[ well c\ld y survive 9 ?is wild area8 ,:]e & h[ w\ld y f9d wat]8 ,:i* plants & animals w\ld y eat8 ,,:i* ,,animals ,,live ,,"h8 ,illu/ration3 ,,kang>oo ,,rat ,illu/ration3 ,,burr[ ,guess :i* animal lives 9 :i* hole6 ,h[ l>ge is ! entrance8 ,! size ( ! entrance sugge/s ! size ( ! animal4 ,h[ _m o!r op5+s are ne>by8 ,(t5 escape exits save rod5ts f pr$ators4 ,are !re rec5t tracks ne>by to indicate x is an active burr[1 or is x cov]$ ) s& & debris bl[n 9 by ! w9d8 ,inside ^! burr[s ! temp]ature & liv+ conditions are n z extreme z ^? on ! surface ( ! s&4 ,try digg+ a small hole 9 ! s& well away f bu%es4 ,h[ soon does ! s& *ange z y dig8 ,is x w>m] or cool] or wett]8 ,b5ea? ! surface ! mod]ate temp]atures & increas$ moi/ure provide an escape f ! int5se heat4 ,consequ5tly1 dune resid5ts sp5d ! day 9 _! d5s & are active at night4 ,kang>oo rats1 = example1 _c tol]ate heat & escape x by liv+ und]gr\nd4 ,also !y are active only at night4 ,!y are v effici5t wat] cons]vationi/s4 ,al?\gh wat] is ess5tial to ! kang>oo rat1 !y r>ely dr9k1 b produce _! own wat] f insects & dry se$s !y eat4 ,!y h no sweat gl&s1 & excrete highly conc5trat$ wa/es to m9imize wat] loss4 ,^! rod5ts are n relat$ to kang>oos at all6 ,_! "n ref]s to _! h9d legs :i* are highly develop$ = jump+4 ,wat* = _! tracks--:5 a kang>oo rat is mov+ sl[ly1 x drags its tail :i* leaves a trail 9 ! s& 9 conjunction ) its foot pr9ts4 ,:5 ! rat moves quickly1 its tail doesn't drag4 ,f clues su* z ^! we c det]m9e :e!r ! rat is runn+ f a pr$ator or j leisurely look+ = food4 ,! entrances to _! burr[s are ab\t #d-e 94 7#aj-ab cm7 9 diamet] & may be #c ft4 7#a m7 or m deep4 ,small] rod5ts1 su* z pocket mice1 h simil> habits b live 9 small] burr[s4 ,liz>ds are m active dur+ daylight h\rs4 ,ev5 ?\gh !y tol]ate high] temp]atures ?an rod5ts1 !y w\ld p]i% if !y 7 /r&$ 9 ! op5 sun = an ext5d$ p]iod ( "t4 ,notice h[ !y run f bu% to bu%1 seek+ ! protective coolness z well z cov]4 ,liz>ds are cold-blood$ animals1 respond+ to temp]atures ar\nd !m--cold1 inactive--w>m1 active4 ,9 ! w9t] mon?s1 !re is v little liz>d activity4 ,h[ev]1 summ] days ) gr\nd temp]atures rea*+ #bjj degrees ,f4 7#ib degrees ,c47 or m are too hot = liz>ds1 & !y mu/ seek %elt]4 ,!y eat plant mat]ial1 insects & small] liz>ds1 obta9+ moi/ure f _! food4 ,!y also cons]ve wat] by excret+ highly conc5trat$ wa/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liz>ds ,p]haps lea/ obs]v$1 b mo/ inquir$ ab\t dunes dwell]1 is ! sidew9d]4 ,h y se5 evid5ce ( ?is rattlesnake today8 ,x moves 9 a sidewise mann] leav+ a s]ies ( p>allel1 ,j-%ap$ tracks 9 ! s&4 ,by loop+ across ! s&1 ! sidew9d] r$uces slippage ov] ! loose mat]ial & decreases ! am\nt ( body surface 9 contact ) ! hot s&4 ,sidew9d]s are prim>ily active at night1 & escape ! heat ( ! day "u a bu% or buri$ 9 ! s&1 expos+ only ! small horn-l /ructures on _! heads4 ,!y eat kang>oo rats1 mice & liz>ds4 ,imag9e ! dunes z an ocean :]e all ! s& is wat] & plants are isl&s scatt]$ ab\t4 ,ea* isl& (f]s %elt] & a food supply = ! animals4 ,ev]ytime an animal leaves ! security ( an isl& x takes a risk4 ,9 daylight1 p may play 9 ! s&1 b at night ! dunes come alive ) ! real bus9ess ( survival4 ,usually all we see ( ?is activity ! foll[+ morn+ is ! evid5ce--tracks4 ,"s tracks are easily id5tifi$--ea* tells a /ory4 ,use ! diagrams to det]m9e :i* animals mo/ rec5tly cross$ ! sea ( s& ar\nd y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kit ,,fox ,coyotes come into ! dunes = food4 ,true opportuni/s1 !y eat :atev] is available--mice1 kang>oo rats1 rabbits1 insects1 mesquite beans & _m o!r ?+s4 ,_! tracks are difficult to di/+ui% f ^? left by dome/ic dogs4 ,small] dog-l tracks are left by ! kit fox4 ,^! small foxes h l>ge e>s & well padd$ feet4 ,!y too fe$ on small rod5ts4 ,coyotes & kit foxes receive moi/ure f _! food & dr9k wat] at spr+s )9 _! hunt+ range4 ,!y avoid exposure to heat by be+ active at night & /ay+ 9 d5s or %ad$ areas dur+ ! heat ( ! day4 ,,tracks ,illu/ration3 ,,coyote #b 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,kang>oo ,,rat 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,beetle 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,rav5 #c 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,kit ,,fox #a #a 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,liz>d #b to #c 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,sidew9d] #d 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,jackrabbit ,jackrabbits are n se5 (t5 9 ! dunes1 al?\gh _! tracks & dropp+s are se5 occasionally4 ,!y fe$ on plants1 gett+ moi/ure f _! food r ?an f di/ant spr+s4 ,l>ge e>s radiate excess body heat & help cool ! animal z x re/s 9 %ad$ areas dur+ ! hot day4 ,h y se5 any birds8 ,birds also leave tracks6 ,! l>ge bird tracks "h are g5]ally left by rav5s--big1 black birds :i* eat almo/ any?+4 ,9 ! spr+ & fall1 "s migrat+ birds /op briefly4 ,%rikes1 sp>r[s1 k+birds & blackbirds are among ! visitors & resid5ts ( ! dunes4 ,insects & vegetation provide food & %elt] = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,beetle ,h y se5 any insects8 ,tracks resembl+ ^? ( a t9y bulldoz] tell u :]e beetles h travel$4 ,%9y black circus beetles or /9kbugs & gray sn\t beetles are (t5 se54 ,s9ce mo/ activity 9 ! dunes takes place at night1 v little ( ?is action is obs]v$4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! morn+ we c /roll 9 ! s& & unravel ! secrets ( ! previ\s night4 ,z y look at ea* set ( tracks1 imag9e :at ! animal looks l z x moves4 ,h[ big is x8 ,h[ _m feet does x h8 ,are ! feet side by side z ?\gh jump+ l rod5ts or rabbits1 or d !y alt]nate z 9 ! walk+ or runn+ motion ( liz>ds8 ,h[ f> ap>t are ! pr9ts8 ,does ! animal drag its tail8 ,n[1 :]e d ! tracks g8 ,foll[ "s animal tracks to see :at int]actions h tak5 place4 ,! same animal may leave diff]5t tracks on diff]5t s& surfaces or "u diff]5ce circum/ances4 ,notice y\r own tracks z y walk1 run1 jump or sit 9 loose or firm s&4 ,try x6 ,9 _m respects ^! dunes are l any ,o!r deposits ( w9dbl[n s& along ! coa/ or 9 des]ts4 ,!y reflect v>iations 9 ! s& supply & respond to p>ticul> w9d patt]ns foll[+ ! same basic1 natural pr9ciples4 ,sev]al o!r ,national ,p>ks & ,monum5ts h s& dunes ( v>i\s sizes & composition4 ,dea? ,valley dunes are n ! l>ge/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by any means6 ,"h ! dunes rea* a height ( #hj ft4 7#bd m74 ,!y provide a visual *ange ( pace ) _! s(t l9es & %ad[s 9 contra/ to ! %>p1 rugg$ m\nta9 peaks ar\nd !m4 ,s& s(t f9e ,easy to sift & mold4 ,once a solid block ( rock n[ wea!r$ v old4 ,bl[n by w9ds into dunes & features4 ,=m+ a hot dry home = des]t creatures4 ,patt]ns ( %ad[ & %ade by tree & s& dune made4 ,walk t\* explore ,enjoy ! dunes & come back once m4 ,donna ,paul ,bessk5 ,illu/ration3 ,dunes ,we hope y h enjoy$ ?is walk+ t\r4 ,z y cont9ue to explore ,dea? ,valley ,national ,monum5t1 contact any ,national ,p>k ,s]vice employee if y ne$ in=mation or assi/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,p>k ,,s]vice ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,national ,p>k ,s]vice ,z ! ,nation's pr9cipal cons]vation ag5cy1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior has basic responsibilities = wat]1 fi%1 wildlife1 m9]al1 l&1 p>k & recreational res\rces4 ,indian & t]ritorial affairs are o!r major conc]ns ( ,am]ica's 8,dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,res\rces40 ,! ,dep>tm5t works to assure ! wise/ *oice 9 manag+ all our res\rces s ea* w make its full contribution to a bett] ,unit$ ,/ates--n[ & 9 ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,dea? ,valley ,natural ,hi/ory ,association ,! ,dea? ,valley ,natural ,hi/ory ,association is a non-pr(it organization pl$g$ to aid 9 ! pres]vation & int]pretation ( ! out/&+ features ( ,dea? ,valley ,national ,monum5t4 ,,= ,,in=mation ,,& ,,memb]%ip ,,contact ,dea? ,valley ,natural ,hi/ory ,association ,p4,o4 ,box #ahh ,dea? ,valley1 ,cali=nia #ibcbh ,,cr$its3 ,,text3 ,,donna ,p4 ,,bessk5 ,,photography3 ,t4 ,,=bes ,,osborn ,,edit$ ,,by3 ,,virgil ,j4 ,,olson ,,draw+s3 ,,sylvia ,,/oss] ,,design ,,& ,,graphics3 ,,russ ,,johnson ,,georgia ,,summ]s ,*alfant ,press ,illu/ration3 wrap>\nd cov] illu/ration ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4