,,am]ican ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,religions ,,second ,,s]ies--#ahif-ahig ,,religions ,,( ,,primitive ,,peoples ,,by ,,daniel ,g4 ,,br9ton1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,,sc4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,ar*ology & ,l+ui/ics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,philadelphia ,,f\r? ,,impression ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press ,,copyright1 #ahig ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall1 ,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press1 ,new ,york ,,ann\ncem5t4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,decemb]1 #ahia1 fifte5 p]sons int]e/$ 9 promot+ ! hi/orical /udy ( religions unit$ 9 issu+ a circul>-lett]1 invit+ a conf]5ce 9 ! ,c\ncil ,*amb]s ( ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ,philadelphia1 on ! #cj? ( ! same mon?1 = ! purpose ( in/itut+ 8popul> c\rses 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,religions1 some:at aft] ! /yle ( ! ,hibb]t lectures 9 ,engl&1 to be deliv]$ annually by ! be/ s*ol>s ( ,europe & ?is c\ntry1 9 v>i\s cities1 su* z ,baltimore1 ,bo/on1 ,brooklyn1 ,*icago1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 & o!rs40 ,!re p>ticipat$ 9 ?is conf]5ce p]sonally or by lett] f ,philadelphia1 ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,t4 ,b>tlett1 ,d4,d41 ,rev4 ,george ,dana ,bo>dman1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(4 ,d4 ,g4 ,br9ton1 ,m4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,horace ,h[>d ,furness1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,j4 ,james1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(4 ,morris ,ja/r[1 ,jr41 ,ph4,d41 ,provo/ ,wm4 ,pepp]1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,hon4 ,may] ,sulzb]g]1 ,mrs4 ,cornelius ,/ev5son1 & ,talcott ,williams1 ,,ll4,d42 f ,baltimore1 ,pre/4 ,d4 ,c4 ,gilman1 ,,ll4,d41 ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 & ,pr(4 ,paul ,haupt1 ,ph4,d42 f ,bo/on & ,cambridge1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,e4 ,hale1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,r4 ,lanman1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(4 ,d4 ,g4 ,lyon1 ,ph4,d41 & ,pr(4 ,c4 ,h4 ,toy1 ,,ll4,d42 f ,brooklyn1 ,rev4 ,edw>d ,s4 ,braisl91 ,d4,d41 & ,pr(4 ,frankl9 ,w4 ,hoop] ( ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute2 f ,*icago1 ,pre/4 ,w4 ,r4 ,h>p]1 ,ph4,d41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 & ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,emil ,g4 ,hirs*1 ,ph4,d42 f ,new ,york1 ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,a4 ,briggs1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,francis ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 ,rev4 ,g4 ,got!il1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(4 ,r4 ,j4 ,h4 ,got!il1 ,ph4,d41 ,rev4 ,john ,p4 ,pet]s1 ,ph4,d41 & ,rev4 ,w4 ,hayes ,w>d1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d42 f ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y41 ,pre/4 ,j4 ,g4 ,s*urman ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & ,hon4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite1 ,,ll4,d4 ,at ?is conf]5ce ,pr(4 ,ja/r[ submitt$ a plan = e/abli%+ popul> lecture c\rses on ! hi/orical /udy ( religions by secur+ ! co-op]ation ( exi/+ in/itutions & lecture associations1 su* z ! ,l[ell1 ,brooklyn1 & ,peabody ,in/itutes1 ! ,univ]sity ,lecture ,association ( ,philadelphia1 & "s ( our colleges & univ]sities4 ,ea* c\rse1 accord+ to ?is plan1 0 to consi/ ( f six to eight lectures1 & ! engagem5t ( lectur]s1 *oice ( subjects1 & s =? 7 to be 9 ! h&s ( a committee *os5 f ! diff]5t cities1 & repres5t+ ! v>i\s in/itutions & associations p>ticipat+4 ,?is g5]al s*eme met ) ! cordial approval ( ! conf]5ce1 :i* vot$ ! project bo? a timely & useful "o1 & :i* appo9t$ ,dean ,b>tlett1 ,pr(4 ,ja/r[1 & ,dr4 ,pet]s a committee to elaborate a plan ( organisation & report at an adj\rn$ meet+4 ,t meet+ 0 held at ! ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,febru>y #f1 #ahib1 &1 z a result1 an association 0 organis$ = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ ! /udy ( religions4 ,! t]ms ( association !n adopt$1 ) slight modifications introduc$ lat]1 are z foll[s3 #a4--,! object ( ?is ,association %all be to provide c\rses ( lectures on ! hi/ory ( religions1 to be deliv]$ 9 v>i\s cities4 #b4--,! ,association %all be compos$ ( delegates f in/itutions agree+ to co-op]ate1 or f local bo>ds1 organis$ :]e su* co-op]ation is n possible4 #c4--,^! ,delegates--"o f ea* ,in/itution or ,local ,bo>d--%all con/itute !mselves a c\ncil "u ! "n ( ! 8,am]ican ,committee = ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,religions40 #d4--,! ,c\ncil %all elect out ( its numb] a ,presid5t1 a ,secret>y1 & a ,treasur]4 #e4--;,all matt]s ( local detail %all be left to ! ,in/itutions or ,local ,bo>ds1 "u ^: auspices ! lectures are to be deliv]$4 #f4--;,a c\rse ( lectures on "s religion1 or phase ( religion1 f an hi/orical po9t ( view1 or on a subject g]mane to ! /udy ( religions1 %all be deliv]$ annually1 or at su* int]vals z may be f\nd practicable1 9 ! diff]5t cities repres5t$ by ?is ,association4 #g4--,! ,c\ncil 7a7 %all be *>g$ ) ! selection ( ! lectur]s1 7b7 %all h *>ge ( ! funds1 7c7 %all assign ! "t = ! lectures 9 ea* city1 & p]=m su* o!r functions z may be necess>y4 #h4--,polemical subjects1 z well z polemics 9 ! treatm5t ( subjects1 %all be positively exclud$4 #i4--,! lectur] %all be *os5 by ! ,c\ncil at lea/ t5 mon?s be=e ! date fix$ = ! c\rse ( lectures4 #aj4--,! lectures %all be deliv]$ 9 ! v>i\s cities betwe5 ! mon?s ( ,octob] & ,june4 #aa4--,! copyright ( ! lectures %all be ! prop]ty ( ! ,association4 #ab4--,"o half ( ! lectur]'s comp5sation %all be paid at ! completion ( ?is entire c\rse1 & ! second half ^u ! publication ( ! lectures4 #ac4--,! comp5sation (f]$ to ! lectur] %all be fix$ 9 ea* case by ! ,c\ncil4 #ad4--,! lectur] is n to deliv] else:]e any ( ! lectures = :i* he is engag$ by ! ,committee1 except ) ! sanction ( ! ,committee4 ,! ,committee appo9t$ to c>ry out ?is plan z n[ con/itut$1 is z foll[s3 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,h4 ,toy1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,*airman4 ,pr(4 ,morris ,ja/r[1 ,jr41 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,secret>y4 ,rev4 ,john ,p4 ,pet]s1 ,d4 ,d41 ( ,new ,york1 ,treasur]4 ,pr(4 ,ri*>d ,j4 ,h4 ,got!il1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,pr(4 ,paul ,haupt1 ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,hoop]1 ( ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute4 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jameson1 ( ,br[n ,univ]sity4 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,k4 ,s&]s1 ( ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,presid5t ,j4 ,g4 ,s*urman1 ( ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,= its fir/ c\rse ! ,committee select$ z lectur] ,pr(4 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,ph4,d4 ,,ll4,d41 ( ,london1 ,engl&1 :o deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures 9 ! w9t] ( #ahid-ie on ,! ,hi/ory & ,lit]ature ( ,buddhism1 at ! foll[+ places1 ) ! co-op]ation ( ! in/itutions nam$3 ,baltimore1 be=e ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,bo/on1 at ! ,l[ell ,in/itute4 ,brooklyn1 at ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute4 ,i?aca1 be=e ! ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,new ,york1 be=e ! ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,philadelphia1 be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,lecture ,association4 ,provid5ce1 be=e ! ,br[n ,univ]sity ,lecture ,association4 ,pr(essor ,davids' lectures 7 publi%$ 9 #ahif by arrangem5t ) ,messrs4 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ! publi%]s to ! ,committee1 z ! ,fir/ ,s]ies ( ,! ,am]ican ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,religions4 ,z ! second lectur]1 ! ,committee *ose ,pr(4 ,daniel ,g4 ,br9ton1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ( ,philadelphia2 & z ! subject1 8,! ,religions ( ,primitive ,peoples40 ,dr4 ,br9ton1 :o holds ! *air ( ,am]ican ,ar*ology & ,l+ui/ics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 is a lead+ au?ority on ! languages & cu/oms ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 & on ,an?ropology 9 g5]al4 ,8 /udies h l$ him also into ! doma9 ( ,prehi/oric ,ar*ology & ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,z ! product ( 8 inve/igations 9 ! latt] field1 he publi%$ z e>ly z #ahfh1 ,! ,my?s ( ,! ,new ,_w1 :i* at once attract$ ! att5tion ( s*ol>s1 & has pass$ ?r\gh sev]al editions s9ce4 ,9 #ahgf he issu$ an important contribution to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 "u ! title1 ,! ,religi\s ,s5tim5t4 ,9 addition to ?is he has publi%$ a l>ge numb] ( works on ,am]ican ,languages on ,an?ropology1 & ,ar*ology1 ! mo/ notable ( :i* is ! s]ies ,libr>y ( ,aborig9al ,am]ican ,lit]ature4 ,8 pap]s1 scatt]$ 9 v>i\s sci5tific p]iodicals ( ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 numb] sev]al hundr$4 ,! lectures deliv]$ by him "u ! auspices ( ! ,committee repres5t ! ripe fruit ( _m ye>s ( /udy1 & w1 we feel assur$1 be welcom$ z an important contribution to a subject n[ attract+ mu* att5tion4 ,! lectures 7 deliv]$ dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahif-ig1 at ! foll[+ places3 ,bo/on1 7,l[ell ,in/itute74 ,brooklyn1 7,brooklyn ,in/itute74 ,i?aca1 7,cornell ,univ]sity74 ,new ,hav51 7,yale ,univ]sity74 ,new ,york1 7,new ,york ,univ]sity74 ,philadelphia1 7,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania74 ,provid5ce1 7,br[n ,univ]sity ,lecture ,association74 ,! object ( ?is ,association is to provide ! be/ opportunities = br++ to ! k ( ! public at l>ge ! me?ods & results ( ^? di/+ui%$ speciali/s :o h devot$ _! lives to ! /udy ( ! religions ( o!r c\ntries & o!r ages4 ,x is safe to say t !re is no o!r subject ( mod]n rese>* :i* conc]ns all classes s ne>ly z ! /udy ( religions4 ,x is ! hope ( ! ,committee to provide c\rses at int]vals ( two ye>s1 or (t5]1 if ! enc\ragem5t :i* ! und]tak+ receives w>rants x1 & ! practical difficulties involv$ 9 secur+ compet5t lectur]s d n make x impossible4 ,arrangem5ts h be5 made = a c\rse ( lectures dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahig-ih1 by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,k4 ,*eyne1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,old ,te/am5t ,int]pretation at ,oriel ,college1 ,ox=d1 & ,canon ( ,ro*e/]2 ^: subject w be ,religi\s ,?\ght & ,life among ! ,hebrews 9 ,po/-,exilic ,days1 to be foll[$ 9 #ahih-ii by a complem5t>y c\rse on ,religi\s ,life & ,?\ght among ! ,hebrews 9 ,pre-,exilic ,days1 by ,pr(essor ,k>l ,budde1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rasburg1 ,g]many4 ,,john ,p4 ,,pet]s1 ,c4 ,h4 ,,toy1 ,,morris ,,ja/r[1 ,,jr4 ,committee on ,publication4 ,may #aj1 #ahig4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,/udy ,,( ,,primitive ,,religions--,,me?ods ,,& ,,def9itions4 ,e?nology ,def9$--,! ,sci5tific ,/udy ( ,religions--,x is n ,!ology--,its ,me?ods3 #a4 ,! ,hi/oric ,me?od2 #b4 ,! ,comp>ative ,me?od2 #c4 ,! ,psy*ologic ,me?od--,/range ,co9cid5ces 9 ,human ,?\ght--,conspicu\s 9 ,primitive ,religions--8,primitive0 ,peoples ,def9$--,! ,savage ,m9d--,examples--,means ( ,/udy3 #a4 ,ar*ology2 #b4 ,language3 #c4 ,folk-,lore2 #d4 ,descriptions ( ,travell]s--,examples3 ,! ,e>ly ,aryans1 ,etruscans1 ,semites1 ,egyptians1 ,am]ican ,tribes1 ,au/ralians1 ,polynesians1 etc4--8,religions0 ,def9$--,comp>$ ) 8,sup]/itions0--,no ,"o ,belief ,ess5tial to ,religion--,a!i/ic ,religions--,fundam5tal ,id5tity ( ,religions--,no ,tribe ,kn[n ,devoid ( a ,religion--,h[ ! ,opposite ,op9ion ,arose--,e>lie/ ,m5 probably _h ,no ,religion--,no ,signs ( ,religion 9 ,l[] ,animals--,p[] ( ,religion 9 ,primitive ,society--,true ,s\rce ( ,religion #a ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,primitive ,,religions4 ,=m] ,!ories ( ! ,orig9 ( ,religions--,inadequacy ( ^!--,univ]sal ,po/ulate ( ,religions t ,consci\s ,volition is ! ,s\rce ( ,=ce--,h[ ,m9d 0 ,assign$ to ,nature--,communion betwe5 ! ,human & ! ,div9e ,m9d--,univ]sality ( 8,inspiration0--,inspiration ! ,product ( ! ,sub-,consci\s ,m9d--,kn[n to ,sci5ce z 8,sugge/ion0--,?is ,expla9$--,examples--,illu/rations f ,language--,no ,primitive ,mono!ism--,! ,special ,/imuli ( ! ,religi\s ,emotions3 #a4 ,dream+ & ,alli$ ,conditions--,life z a ,dream--#b4 ,! ,appreh5sion ( ,life & ,dea? & ! ,notion ( ! ,s\l--#c4 ,! ,p]ception ( ,light & ,d>kness2 ,day & ,night--,! ,sky ,god z ! ,high ,god--#d4 ,! ,obs]vation ( ,extraord9>y ,exhibitions ( ,=ce--,! ,?und] ,god--#e4 ,! ,impression ( ,va/ness--,dignity ( ! ,sub-,consci\s ,intellig5ce #da ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,primitive ,,religi\s ,,expression3 ,,9 ,,! ,,^w4 ,an ,e*o ,my?--,! ,p[] ( ,words--,_! ,magical ,pot5cy--,! ,curse--,p[] ,indep5d5t ( ,mean+--,! ,"n z an ,attribute--,! ,sacr$ ,names--,! ,ineffable ,"n--8,myrionom\s0 ,gods--8,!ophor\s0 ,names--,sugge/ion & ,repetition z ,/imulants--,i4 ,! ,^w to ! gods3 ,pray]--,its ,=ms1 ,cont5ts1 & ,aims--,,ii4 ,! ,^w f ! gods3 ,! ,law & ! ,prophecy--,! ,c]emonial ,law1 or tabu--,examples--,div9ation & ,pr$iction--,,iii4 ,! ,^w conc]n+ ! gods3 ,! ,my?s--,_! ,s\rces *iefly ,psy*ic--,"s f ,language--,examples--,transf]5ce--,simi l>ities--,! ,univ]sal ,my?ical ,cycles3 #a4 ,! ,cosmical ,concepts2 #b4 ,! ,sacr$ ,numb]s2 #c4 ,! ,drama ( ! ,univ]se2 ,creation & ,deluge ,my?s2 #d4 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 #e4 ,! ,conflict ( ,nature2 #f4 ,! ,return+ ,savi\r2 #g4 ,! ,j\rney ( ! ,s\l--,conclusion z to ^! ,id5tities #hf ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,primitive ,,religi\s ,,expression3 ,,9 ,,! ,,object4 ,visual ,ideas--,feti%ism--,n ,object-,wor%ip only--,id5tical ) ,idolatry--,mod]n ,feti%ism--,animism--,n a ,/adium ( ,religion--,! ,*ief ,gr\ps ( ,religi\s ,objects3 #a4 ,! ,cele/ial ,bodies--,sun & ,moon ,wor%ip--,a/rolatry2 #b4 ,! ,f\r ,elem5ts--,fire1 ,air 7! ,w9ds71 ,wat]1 & ! ,e>?--,symbolism ( ,col\rs2 #c4 ,/ones & ,rocks--,?und]bolts--,memorial ,/ones--,div9+ ,/ones2 #d4 ,trees & ,plants--,! ,tree ( ,life--,! ,sacr$ ,pole & ! ,cross--,! ,plant-,s\l--,! ,tree ( ,k2 #e4 ,places & ,sites--,high ,places & ,caves2 #f4 ,! ,l[] ,animals--,! ,bird1 ! ,s]p5t1 etc42 #g4 ,man--,an?ropism 9 ,religion--,! ,wor%ip ( ,beauty2 #h4 ,life & its ,transmission--,examples--,g5esiac ,cults--,! ,fa!rhood ( ,god--,love z ,religion's ,cr[n #acj ,,lecture ,v4 ,,primitive ,,religi\s ,,expression3 ,,9 ,,! ,,rite4 ,! ,ritual a ,mimicry ( ! ,gods--,magical ,rites--,division ( ,rites into ,i4 ,communal1 & ,,ii4 ,p]sonal4 ,i4 ,communal ,rites3 #a4 ,! ,assemblage--,! ,liturgy--#b4 ,! ,fe/al ,function--,joy\s ,"* ( ,primitive ,rites--,comm5sality--,! 8,c]emonial ,circuit0--,masks & ,dramas--#c4 ,! ,sacrifice--,e>ly & ,lat] ,=ms--#d4 ,! ,communion ) ,god--,pagan ,eu*>i/s4 ,,ii4 ,p]sonal ,rites3 #a4 ,relat+ to ,bir?--,v[s & ,baptism--#b4 ,relat+ to ,nam+--,! ,p]sonal ,"n--#c4 ,relat+ to ,pub]ty--,initiation ( ,boys & ,girls--#d4 ,relat+ to ,m>riage--,m>riage 8by ,capture0 & 8by ,pur*ase0--#e4 ,relat+ to ,dea?--,e>ly ,cannibalism--,sepul*ral ,monum5ts--,fun]>y ,c]emonies--,modes ( ,burial--,cu/oms ( ,m\rn+ #agb ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,developm5t ,,( ,,primitive ,,religions4 ,pagan ,religions n :olly ,bad--,_! ,l9es ( ,developm5t z ,connect$ )3 #a4 ,! ,primitive ,social ,bond--,! ,totem1 ! ,prie/hood1 & ! ,law2 #b4 ,! ,family & ! ,position ( ,woman2 #c4 ,! ,gr[? ( ,jurisprud5ce--,! ,ordeal1 ,trial by ,battle1 ,oa?s1 & ! ,"r ( ,sanctu>y--,religion is ,an>*ic2 #d4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,e?ics--,dualism ( ,primitive ,e?ics--,opposition ( ,religion to ,e?ics2 #e4 ,! ,advance 9 ,positive ,k--,religion v]sus ,sci5ce2 #f4 ,! ,fo/]+ ( ! ,arts--,! ,aim = ,beauty & ,p]fection--,col\r-,symbolism1 ,sculpture1 ,metre1 ,music1 ,oratory1 ,graphic ,me?ods--,useful ,arts1 ,ar*itecture2 #g4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,life ( ! ,individual--,8 ,fre$om & ,happ9ess--,inn] ,/adia ( ,progress3 #a4 ,f ! ,object to ! ,symbol2 #b4 ,f ! ,c]emonial ,law to ! ,p]sonal ,ideal2 #c4 ,f ! ,tribal to ! ,national ,conception ( ,religion--,conclusion #bad ,,religions ,,( ,,primitive ,,peoples ,,lecture ,i4 ,! ,sci5tific ,/udy ( ,primitive ,religions--,me?ods & ,def9itions4 ,,cont5ts3--,e?nology ,def9$--,! ,sci5tific ,/udy ( ,religions--,x is n ,!ology--,its ,me?ods3 #a4 ,! ,hi/oric ,me?od2 #b4 ,! ,comp>ative ,me?od2 #c4 ,! ,psy*ologic ,me?od--,/range ,co9cid5ces 9 ,human ,?\ght--,conspicu\s 9 ,primitive ,religions--8,primitive0 ,peoples ,def9$--,! ,savage ,m9d--,examples--,means ( ,/udy3 #a4 ,ar*ology2 #b4 ,language2 #c4 ,folk-,lore2 #d4 ,descriptions ( ,travell]s--,examples3 ,! ,e>ly ,aryans1 ,etruscans1 ,semites1 ,egyptians1 ,am]ican ,tribes1 ,au/ralians1 ,polynesians1 etc4--8,religions0 ,def9$--,comp>$ ) 8,sup]/itions0--,no ,"o ,belief ,ess5tial to ,religion--,a!i/ic ,religions--,fundam5tal ,id5tity ( ,religions--,no ,tribe ,kn[n ,devoid ( a ,religion--,h[ ! ,opposite ,op9ion ,arose--,e>lie/ ,m5 probably _h ,no ,religion--,no ,signs ( ,religion 9 ,l[] ,animals--,p[] ( ,religion 9 ,primitive ,society--,true ,s\rce ( ,religion4 ,! y\nge/ 9 ! si/]hood ( ! sci5ces is t :i* deals ) ,man4 ,9 its wide/ scope x is call$ ,an?ropology1 & z su* includes bo? ! physical & m5tal life ( ! species1 f ! beg9n+ until n[4 ,t bran* ( x :i* especially conc]ns itself ) ! developm5t ( man z indicat$ by 8 advance 9 civilisation1 is kn[n z ,e?nology4 ,:5 we analyse ! directive =ces :i* h br\ght ab\t ?is advance1 & ^: /udy !re=e makes up ,e?nology1 !y c be r$uc$ to f\r1 to wit1 ,language1 ,laws1 ,arts1 & ,religion4 ,d n imag9e1 h[ev]1 t ^! are sep>able1 indep5d5t =ces4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are insep>able1 con/itu5t elem5ts ( an organic unity1 ea* work+ ?r\gh ! o!rs1 & on ! symmetrical adju/m5t ( all ( !m to ! ne$s ( a community dep5d its prosp]ity & gr[?4 ,no "o ( !m c be omitt$ or exagg]at$ )\t /unt+ or di/ort+ ! national expansion4 ,?is lesson1 taught by all ages & confirm$ by e example1 w>ns u to be cauti\s 9 giv+ prec$5ce to "o ov] ! o!rs 9 any g5]al s*eme2 b we c pr(itably sep>ate "o f ! o!rs1 & /udy its orig9s & influ5ce4 ,on ?is occasion ,i invite y\r att5tion to ,religion1 & especially z display$ 9 its e>lie/ & simple/ =ms1 9 ! fai?s & rites ( primitive peoples4 ,i %all pres5t ^! to y 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples & me?ods ( ,e?nology4 ,!re is :at has be5 call$ ! 8sci5ce ( religion40 ,! expression seems to me a little presumptu\s--or1 at lea/1 premature4 ,we d n yet speak ( a 8sci5ce ( jurisprud5ce10 al?\gh we h bett] mat]ials = x ?an = a sci5ce ( religion4 ,i %all cont5t myself1 !re=e1 9 call+ :at ,i h to (f] a /udy ( e>ly religions accord+ to sci5tific me?ods4 ,i ne$ n rem9d y t su* a me?od is absolutely )\t bias or p>tisan%ip2 t x looks ^u all religions alike z m or less enlight5$ expressions ( m5tal traits common to all mank9d 9 e kn[n age4#a ,x conc$es ! exclusive possession ( tru? to none1 & /ill less does x aim to set up any o!r /&>d ?an pa/ exp]i5ce by :i* to measure ! claims ( any4 ,x br+s no new canons ( fai? or doctr9e1 & lays no o!r f\ndation ?an t :i* has be5 laid ev5 f ! beg9n+ until n[4 ,b j !re its imm$iate utility & practical be>+s are manife/$4 ,x seeks to lay b>e ^? et]nal f\ndations on :i* ! sacr$ edifices ( religion h ev] be5 & mu/ ev] be erect$4 ,x aims to accompli% ?is by cle>+ away ! incid5tal & adv5titi\s 9 religions s z to discov] :at 9 !m is p]man5t & univ]sal4 ,^? sacr$ ideas & in/itutions :i* we f9d repeat$ among all ! e>ly peoples ( ! e>?1 (t5 develop+ 9 aft] ages along p>allel l9es1 w =m ! special objects ( our inve/igation4 ,! dep>tures f ^! univ]sal =ms1 we %all see1 c be trac$ to local or tempor>y causes1 !y turn on que/ions ( environm5t1 & s]ve m]ely to def9e ! limits ( v>iability ( ! ubiquit\s pr9ciples ( religion z a psy*ic ph5om5on1 :]ev] we f9d x4 ,?is is n 8!ology40 ,t bran* ( le>n+ aims to measure ! objective reality1 ! concrete tru?1 ( "s "o or ano!r op9ion conc]n+ ,god & div9e ?+s2 :ile ! sci5tific /udy ( religions conf9es itself exclusively to exam9+ su* op9ions z phases ( human m5tal activity1 & asc]ta9+ :at influ5ce !y h ex]t$ on ! developm5t ( ! species or ( "s bran* ( x4 ,!re=e x is nev] 8polemic40 ,x nei!r attacks nor def5ds ! beliefs :i* x /udies4 ,x conf9es itself to exam9+ _! "* & influ5ce by ! lights ( reason & hi/ory4 ,! me?ods :i* we employ 9 ?is process ( r$uction are ?ree 9 numb]3 #a4 ,! ,hi/oric ,me?od2 #b4 ,! ,comp>ative ,me?od2 #c4 ,! ,psy*ologic ,me?od4 ,a few words w expla9 ! scope ( ea* ( ^!4 ,! ,hi/oric ,me?od /udies ! hi/ory ( beliefs & ! developm5t ( wor%ip4 ,x seeks to discov] :at influ5ces h be5 ex]t$ on !m by environm5t1 transmission1 h]$ity1 & conque/1 & to br+ into full relief :at is peculi> to ! tribe or gr\p "u consid]ation1 & :at is exotic4 ,= 9 "o s5se x is true t e nation & tribe1 ev5 e man1 has 8 own religion4 ,su* e?nic traits m]it ! close/ scrut9y4 ,!y are s m>k$ & con/ant z to modify pr(\ndly ! hi/ory ( ev5 ! ripe/ religions4 ,x is q true1 z has be5 obs]v$ by an hi/orian ( ,*ri/ianity1 t 8!re is 9 e p an h]$it>y disposition to "s p>ticul> h]esy10#b t is1 to alt]+ any religion :i* !y accept 9 accordance ) ! special con/itution ( _! own m9ds4 ,! ,comp>ative ,me?od notes ! simil>ities & diff]5ces betwe5 ! religions ( diff]5t tribes or gr\ps1 &1 gradually ext5d+ its field to embrace ! :ole species1 endeavors1 by exclud+ :at is local or temporal1 to def9e ^? =ms ( religi\s ?\ght & expression :i* are common to humanity at l>ge4 ,! ,psy*ologic ,me?od takes ! results ( bo? ! previ\s me?ods & aims to expla9 !m by ref]r+ ! local manife/ations to ! special m5tal traits ( ! tribe or gr\p1 & ! univ]sal features to equally univ]sal *>act]i/ics ( ! human m9d4 ,! la/1 ! ,psy*ologic ,me?od1 is ! cr[n & completion ( ! que/2 = e advanc$ /ud5t ( religion w subscribe to ! decl>ation ( ,pr(essor ,grang]1 t 8all my?ology & all hi/ory ( beliefs mu/ f9ally turn to psy*ology = _! satisfactory elucidation40#c ,9 o!r words1 ! laws ( human ?\ght c alone expla9 its own products4 ,& "h ,i mu/ m5tion a />tl+ discov]y1 ! mo/ />tl+1 x seems to me1 ( rec5t times4 ,x is t ^! laws ( human ?\ght are frightfully rigid1 are inde$ automatic & inflexible4 ,! human m9d seems to be a ma*9e2 give x ! same mat]ials1 & x w infallibly gr9d out ! same product4 ,s deeply impress$ by ?is is an em95t mod]n writ] t he lays x d[n z 8a fundam5tal maxim ( e?nology0 t1 8we d n ?9k2 ?9k+ m]ely goes on )9 u40#d ,^! /range co9cid5ces f9d _! explanation 9 exp]im5tal psy*ology4 ,?is sci5ce1 9 its mod]n developm5ts1 e/abli%es ! fact t ! orig9 ( ideas is due to impressions on ! n]ves ( s5se4 ,! five s5ses give rise to five classes ( ideas1 ! mo/ num]\s ( :i* are ^? f ! s5se ( sight1 visual ideas1 & ^? f ! s5se ( he>+1 auditory ideas4 ,! =m] yield ! conceptions ( space1 motion1 & lu/re 7col\r1 brightness1 etc471 ! latt] t ( "t4 ,f ! s5se ( t\* arise ! 8tactual0 impressions1 :i* yield ! ideas ( p[] & might1 ?r\gh ! s5sations ( resi/ance & pressure1 pleasure & pa94 ,f ^! prim>y ideas 7or p]ceptions71 drawn directly f impressions1 are d]iv$ second>y1 ab/ract1 & g5]al ideas 7app]ceptions7 by comp>ison & association 7! laws ( ,id5tity1 ,div]sity1 & ,simil>ity74 ,"u ord9>y conditions ( human life !re are _m m impressions on ! s5ses :i* are ev]y:]e ! same or simil>1 ?an ! rev]se4 ,h5ce1 ! ideas1 bo? prim>y & second>y 7p]ceptions & app]ceptions71 drawn f !m are mu* m likely to resemble ?an to diff]4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is is t ! same laws ( gr[? :i* develop ! physical man ev]y:]e into ! traits ( ! species1 act also on 8 psy*ical p[]s1 & n less absolutely1 to br+ _! products into con=mity4 ,?is is true n only ( 8 logical faculties1 b ( 8 lighte/ fancies & wilde/ vag>ies4 8,man's imag9ation10 obs]ves ,mr4 ,h>tl&1 8l e o!r kn[n p[]1 works by fix$ laws1 ! exi/5ce & op]ation ( :i* x is possible to trace2 & x works ^u ! same mat]ial1--! ext]nal univ]se1 ! m5tal & moral con/itution ( man1 & 8 social relations40#e ,9 ref]5ce to my p>ticul> subject1 ,pr(essor ,bu*mann express$ "s ye>s ago :at ,i believe to be ! correct result ( mod]n rese>* 9 ^! words3 8,x is easy to prove t ! /rik+ simil>ity 9 primitive religi\s ideas comes n f tradition nor f ! relation%ip or hi/oric connections ( e>ly peoples1 b f ! id5tity 9 ! m5tal con/ruction ( ! individual man1 :]ev] he is f\nd40#f ,we c sc>cely escape a pa9ful %ock to discov] t we are b\nd by su* adamant9e *a9s4 ,z ! primitive man c\ld n conceive t inflexible me*anical laws control ! processes ( nature1 s are we sl[ to ackn[l$ge t o!rs1 n less rigid1 rule our ?\ghts & fancies4 ,n[h]e1 h[ev]1 is ! tru? ( x m cle>ly demon/rat$ ?an 9 primitive religions4 ,)\t a full appreciation ( ?is fact1 x is impossible to compreh5d !m2 & = ! lack ( x1 mu* t has be5 writt5 ^u !m is wor?less4 ,! a/oni%+ simil>ity1 ! absolute id5tities1 :i* con/antly pres5t !mselves 9 my?s & cults sep>at$ by oceans & cont95ts1 h be5 con/ru$ z evid5ce ( common desc5t or ( di/ant transmission2 :]eas !y are ! pro(s ( a fundam5tal unity ( ! human m9d & ( its processes1 8be=e :i*10 z a ,g]man writ] says1 8! diff]5ces 9 individual1 national1 or ev5 racial divisions s9k into insignificance40#g ,:]ev] we turn1 9 "t or 9 space1 to ! e>lie/ & simple/ religions ( ! _w1 we f9d !m deal+ ) ne>ly ! same objective facts 9 ne>ly ! same subjective fa%ion1 ! diff]5ces be+ due to local & temporal causes4 ,?is c>d9al & basic tru? ( ! unity ( action ( man's intellig5ce1 :i* is e/abli%$ j z mu* = ! arts1 ! laws1 & ! in/itutions ( m5 z = _! religions1 enables me to pres5t to y broadly ! fai?s ( primitive peoples z "o coh]5t :ole1 ! product ( a common humanity1 a mirror reflect+ ! deepe/ ?\ghts ( ! :ole species on ! mighty que/ions ( religi\s life & hope1 n ! isolat$ or borr[$ op9ions ( "o or ano!r tribe or p4 ,( c\rse1 ! recognition ( ?is pr9ciple does n dim9i% ! att5tion to be paid to ! e?nic or local developm5ts ( culture & to ! borr[+ or transf]5ce ( my?s & rites4 ,:]ev] ?is c be %[n to h occurr$1 x is an adequate explanation ( id5tities2 b 9 tribes geographically remote1 ! presumption is t su* id5tities are due to ! common elem5t ( humanity 9 ! species4 ,su* simil>ities are by no means conf9$ to ! primitive =ms ( religion2 b 9 !m !y are m obvi\s1 & _! causes are m app>5t2 s = t reason1 a /udy ( su* primitive =ms is peculi>ly remun]ative to "o :o w\ld acqua9t himself ) ! elem5ts ( religion 9 g5]al4 ,no "o1 9 fact1 c pret5d to a ?or\gh k ( ! great hi/oric religions ( ! _w :o has n trac$ _! outl9es back to ! humble fai?s ( e>ly tribes f :i* !y em]g$4 ,he mu/ h rec\rse to !m = l reasons t ! biologi/1 :o w\ld le>n ! morphology ( a mammal1 betakes himself to ! /udy ( ! cells & fibres ( ! simple/ liv+ organisms2 = 9 _! uncomplicat$ =ms he c discov] ! basic activities :i* animate ! highe/ /ructures4 ,i mu/ def9e1 h[ev]1 m closely :at e?nologi/s mean by 8primitive peoples02 because ! ^w is n us$ 9 ! s5se ( 8fir/0 or 8e>lie/10 z its d]ivation w\ld indicate4 ,we "k little1 if any?+1 ab\t ! e>lie/ m51 & _! religion w\ld make a %ort *apt]4 8,primitive0 to ! e?nologi/ means ! e>lie/ ( a giv5 race or tribe ( :om he has tru/y in=mation4 ,x has ref]5ce to a /age ( culture1 r ?an to "t4 ,peoples :o are 9 a savage or b>b>\s condition1 ) slight k ( ! arts1 lax gov]nm5ts1 & feeble in/itutions1 are spok5 ( z 8primitive10 al?\gh !y may be our contempor>ies4 ,!y are v f> f be+ ! e>lie/ m5 or resembl+ !m4 ,hundr$s ( g5]ations h toil$ to produce ev5 _! l[ /age ( culture up ?r\gh o!rs1 f> inf]ior1 ( :i* we c =m "s idea by ! aid ( language & prehi/oric ar*ology4 ,!y are !re=e n deg5]ates1 ru9s fall5 f "s =m] high e/ate1 "s condition ( pri/9e nobility4 ,t is an anci5t error1 n[1 ,i hope1 explod$ & dismiss$ f sane tea*+4 ,ev5 ! rude/ ( savages is a creation ( /eady1 long-cont9u$ advancem5t f ! primeval man4 ,we h ! evid5ce ( :at he 01 9 8 implem5ts & weapons pres]v$ 9 pre-glacial /rata & 9 ! mud-floors ( ! caves he inhabit$4 ,^! ann\nce to u a law ( progressive advancem5t = all races1 ov] all ! e>?1 on ! same l9es ( progress1 t[>d ! same goals ( culture1 extremely sl[ at ! outset1 & unequal especially 9 lat] ages1 b v9dicat+ ! unity ( ! species & ! id5tity ( its hopes & aims ev]y:]e4 ,y w und]/&1 !re=e1 t by 8primitive peoples10 ,i mean savage or b>b>\s tribes1 :]ev] !y are or h be51 & t ,i claim = !m bro!rhood ) ourselves 9 all ! traits t g to make up on5ess ( species4 ,a few hundr$ ye>s ago ! ance/ors ( ! ,engli%-speak+ nations 7 z savage z ! savage/1 )\t temples to _! gods1 9 p]petual & bloody w>1 untam$ cannibals2 add a few ?\s& ye>s to ! p]spective1 & man ov] ! :ole globe 0 9 ! same condition4 ,! savage /ate 0 ! *ildhood ( ! race1 & by "s ! m9d ( ! savage has be5 lik5$ to t ( ! *ild4 ,b ! resemblance is m]ely sup]ficial4 ,x r resembles t ( ! uncultivat$ & ignorant adult among ourselves4 ,! same inaccurate obs]vation & illogical modes ( ?\ght *>act]ise bo?4 ,^! dep5d on c]ta9 m5tal traits1 :i* x is well to def9e1 because !y expla9 mo/ ( ! absurdities ( primitive religions4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! idea is accept$ z true1 )\t ! process ( logical reason+ or inductive obs]vation4 ,9 o!r words1 :at appe>s true to ! individual is accept$ by him z true1 )\t fur!r "q4 ,8 dreams seem real to him2 !re=e !y are real4 ,:at ! tribe believes1 he believes1 no matt] :at 8 s5ses tell him4 ,:5 an ,au/ralian ,black is on a j\rney & fe>s be+ ov]tak5 by ! night1 he w place a lump ( clay 9 ! =ks ( a tree1 believ+ t ?us he c arre/ ! motion ( ! sun & prolong ! day4 ,x is n a religi\s act1 b a piece ( natural sci5ce curr5t 9 ! tribe1 :i* no exp]i5ce w refute 9 _! m9ds4#h ,j su* a notion recurs among ! ,m&an ,indians4 ,capta9 ,cl>k obs]v$ ne> _! villages upright poles fifte5 or tw5ty feet long ) bundles ( female clo?+ ti$ to !m4 ,he ask$ :at !y signifi$1 & "o ( ! old m5 expla9$ ?us3 8,if y wat* ! sun closely1 y w see t he /ops = a %ort "t j z he rises1 & aga9 at midday1 & z he sets4 ,! reason is t he re/s a few mom5ts to smoke 9 ! lodges ( ?ree immortal wom51 & we (f] !m ?is clo?+ t !y may be induc$ to say a k9d ^w to him 9 our behalf4 ,we 7 told by our ance/ors n to =get ?is40#i ,! fact t ! orb does n /op 0 ( no consequ5ce 9 ! face ( ?is tradition4 ,! second trait is ! extreme n]v\s susceptibility ( savages4 ,x is mu* high] ?an ours1 al?\gh ! contr>y is (t5 taught4 ,_! emotions or feel+s control _! reason+ p[]s1 & direct _! actions4 ,neurotic diseases1 especially ( a contagi\s "*1 are v frequ5t among !m1 & !y are f> m prone ?an ourselves to yield to impressions ^u _! s5sory organs4 ,! travell] ,ca/r5 relates t a sudd5 bl[ on ! outside ( a t5t ( ! ,samoy$s w sometimes ?r[ ! occupants into spasms2 & ! mission>y ,liv+/one draws a t\*+ picture ( "y slaves dy+ ( 8a brok5 he>t10 :5 !y he>d ! song & music ( ! villag]s & c\ld n jo9 9 ! revelry4#aj ,^! two traits1 !re=e1 ! acceptance ( ! idea z subjectively true1 & ! subord9ation ( reason to ! feel+s1 are ! ma9 features ( ! undevelop$ m9d4 ,!y are common 9 civilis$ conditions1 b are univ]sal 9 savag]y4 ,! "q has (t5 be5 consid]$ :e!r ! m5tal p[]s ( ! savage are di/9ctly inf]ior4 ,?is has be5 answ]$ by tak+ ! *ildr5 ( savages :5 q "y & br++ !m up 9 civilis$ surr\nd+s4 ,! v]dict is unanim\s t !y display z mu* aptitude = ! acquisition ( k1 & z mu* respect = ! precepts ( morality1 z ! av]age ,engli% or ,g]man boy or girl2 b ) less orig9ality or 8initiative40 ,i h be5 9 close relations to sev]al full-blood ,am]ican ,indians1 :o _h be5 remov$ f an aborig9al environm5t & in/ruct$ 9 ?is mann]2 & ,i c\ld n p]ceive t !y 7 ei!r 9 intellect or sympa?ies inf]ior to ! usual type ( ! ,am]ican g5tleman4 ,"o ( !m notably _h a ref9$ s5se ( hum\r1 z well z uncommon acut5ess ( obs]vation4 ,! ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is frequ5tly advanc$ t 9 _! savage /ate !y are ( ! e>? e>?y1 t _! :ole "t is tak5 up ) ! gratification ( s5su\s desires1 & t !y nei!r ?9k nor c>e = speculations ( a sup]-s5su\s or spiritual "*4 ,! inve/igation ( ?is po9t is desirable 9 a /udy ( _! religions1 = ^u x dep5ds ! decision :e!r we c assign to _! my?s & rites a mean+ deep] ?an t ( deception1 or passion1 or frivolity4 ,to rea* a decision1 ,i take ! mo/ unfav\rable example :i* c be sugge/$1--! ,au/ralian ,blacks4 ,consid]+ _! numb] & ! ext5t ( _! t]ritory1 !y 71 :5 discov]$1 ! mo/ degrad$ p on ! globe4 ,!y _h no?+ :i* c\ld be call$ a gov]nm5t1 & "s dialects h no ^w = *ief4 ,none ( !m c\ld c\nt ! f+]s on "o h&1 = none ( ! dialects _h any words = num]als beyond ?ree or f\r4 ,mr4 ,hale1 ! em95t e?nograph]1 :o 0 among !m 9 #ahdc1 says t !y ev9c$ 8an almo/ brutal /upidity10 8d[nright *ildi%ness & imbecility40#aa ,_! natural feel+s & moral p]ceptions seem incr$ibly blunt$4 ,i c be/ illu/rate ?is by n>rat+ an incid5t :i* happ5$ at a fronti] /ation1 "o ( _m ( ! same "*4 ,! :ite family employ$ a native girl nam$ ,mattie ab\t fifte5 ye>s old4 ,%e _h a baby1 :i* "o day disappe>$4 ,on inquiry %e /at$ t h] "m _h said t %e 0 too "y to take c>e ( a baby1 & _h !re=e cook$ & eat5 x ) "s ( h] cronies4 ,mattie cri$ 9 tell+ ?is4 ,because h] baby _h be5 kill$8 ,oh no6 b because h] "m _h giv5 h] none ( ! tidbits1 b only ! bones to pick6#ab ,yet ev5 ^! seem+ly hopeless brutes h an intricate sy/em ( k9%ip & m>riage laws1 ! mo/ rigid ( any kn[n4 ,m>riage ) si/]s or fir/ c\s9s is n only =bidd51 8,x is n conceiv$ z possible40 ,! prohibitions ab\t food are s absolute t ! natives w\ld p]i% ( hung] r ?an break !m4 ,"s ( _! religi\s c]emonies entail volunt>y mutilations ( ! mo/ dreadful description4 ,_! my?ology is ext5sive1 & ,i %all h frequ5t occasion to quote x4 ,& s f> are !y f an obtuse indiff]5ce to ! future & ! pa/1 an accurate obs]v] :o liv$ among !m says3 8,!y wond] among !mselves & talk at night ab\t ^! ?+s1 & ! pa/ exi/5ce ( _! race1 & h[ !y came "h40#ac ,savage tribes are di/9ctly unlett]$4 ,!y belong 9 a /age ( culture :]e ! art ( writ+1 z we und]/& x1 is unkn[n4 ,!y h no bibles1 no sacr$ books1 by :i* to tea* _! religions4 ,:at means h we1 !re=e1 to le>n _! op9ions ab\t holy ?+s8 ,! "q is "o :i* dem&s an answ]1 ! m because ,i %all (t5 ref] to ! religions ( tribes long s9ce ext9ct1 & ^: v names are =gott54 ,h[ d we d>e to speak ) confid5ce ( :at !y ?\ght ab\t ! gods8 ,we c d s1 & x is "o ( ! m>vels ( mod]n sci5tific rese>*1 q z admirable z its m famili> & practical results4 ,our s\rces ( in=mation reg>d+ primitive peoples may be class$ "u f\r titles1 ,ar*ology1 ,language1 ,folk-lore1 & ,e?nographic descriptions4 ,by ! fir/ ( ^!1 ar*ology1 we become acqua9t$ ) ! objective rema9s ( beliefs long s9ce ext+ui%$4 ,! temples1 idols1 & alt>s ( dead gods reveal to u ! attributes assign$ to !m by _! vot>ies & ! influ5ces !y 7 believ$ to ex]t4 ,we c int]pret _! symbols1 & f rude c>v+s re-con/ruct ! /ory ( _! div9e /ruggles4 ,especially1 f anci5t sepul*res & ! modes ( disposal ( ! dead :i* !y reveal1 c we disc]n :at hopes vani%$ nations held ( a life to come4 ,9 ?is direction1 we are p[]fully aid$ by t close simil>ity ( m5tal products 9 l /ages ( culture1 to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 & %all (t5 ref]4 ,by comp>+ a liv+ tribe ) "o :i* t5 ?\s& ye>s ago 0 9 a simil> condition z %[n by its relics1 we c ) ! highe/ probability int]pret ! use & motives ( ! latt]'s rema9s4 ,we are fur!r assi/$ 9 su* rese>* by ! critical analysis ( ! e>ly =ms ( language1 :i* is "o ( ! a*ievem5ts ( mod]n l+ui/ics4 ,by e/abli%+ ! id5tities ( names1 we c trace ! diffusion ( my?s1 & by trac+ su* names to _! prop] dialect & orig9al mean+1 we c locate geographically & psy*ologically ! orig9 ( giv5 =ms ( religions4 ,9 fact1 ! value ( l+ui/ics to ! /udy ( religions _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,no "o is compet5t to describe ! sacr$ beliefs ( a nation1 its my?s & adjurations1 unless he has a suffici5t k ( its tongue to asc]ta9 ! true s5se ( ! t]ms employ$ 9 its liturgies4 ,b ^! s obvi\s applications are ! lea/ t language c furni%4 ,its impress on religions goes mu* deep]4 ,x 0 well rem>k$ by ! ,*evali] ,buns5 t 9 primitive conditions ! two poles ( human life1 ar\nd :i* all else c5tres1 are language & religion1 & t ea* conditions ! o!r1 t is1 imp>ts to x special =ms & limits4 ,= in/ance1 ^? languages :i* h grammatic g5d] almo/ necess>ily divide _! deities accord+ to sex#ad2 ^? 9 :i* ! passive voice is abs5t or feebly develop$1 w be l$ to associate ) _! deities high] conceptions ( activity ?an :]e ! passive is a fav\rite =m3 ^? :i* h no sub/antive v]b _c express ,god z pure be+1 b mu/ associate ) ,him ei!r position1 action1 or suff]+4 ,9 ! spee* ( ! ,algonqu9 ,indians1 !re is no grammatic di/9ction ( sex2 b !re is broad discrim9ation betwe5 objects :i* are animate & ^? :i* are inanimate4 ,:5 ! ,ca?olic mission>ies br\ght to !m ! ros>y1 ! natives at fir/ spoke ( x z inanimate2 b z _! rev]5ce = x grew1 x 0 transf]r$ to ! animate g5d]1 & 0 ?us on its way to a p]sonification4#ae ,! ?ird s\rce ( in=mation is t :i* is call$ folk-lore4 ,its field ( rese>* is to collect ! relics & survivals ( primitive modes ( ?\ght & expression1 beliefs1 cu/oms1 & notions1 9 ! pres5t conditions ( culture4 ,x is1 !re=e1 especially useful 9 a /udy l ! pres5t1 ! m s on acc\nt ( ! extraord9>y p]man5ce & cons]vative "* ( religi\s s5tim5ts & c]emonies4 ,among ! peasantry ( ,europe1 ! paganism ( ! days ( ,julius ,cs> fl\ri%es ) sc>cely abat$ vig\r1 ?\gh x may be "u new names4 8,! primitive ,aryan10 writes ,pr(essor ,fraz]1#af 8is n ext9ct2 he is ) u to-day40 ,& ano!r ,engli% writ] does n g too f> :5 he says3 8,!re is n a rite or c]emony yet practis$ & rev]$ among u t is n ! l9eal desc5dant ( b>b>ic ?\ght & usage40#ag ,x is ?is :i* gives to folk-lore its extremely in/ructive "* = ! /ud5t ( e>ly religion4 ,! f\r? s\rce ( in=mation is ! description ( native religions by travell]s4 ,y might expect ?is to be ! mo/ accurate & !re=e valuable ( all ! s\rces2 b x is j ! rev]se4 ,omitt+ ! ord9>y t\ri/ & globe-trott]1 :o is n expect$ to "k any?+ ?or\ghly1 & nev] deceives ! expectation1 ev5 pa9/ak+ obs]v]s1 :o h liv$ long ) savage tribes1 sometimes ma/]+ _! languages1 are1 = reasons ,i %all pres5tly /ate1 con/antly at fault ab\t ! native religions4 ,we mu/ always take _! n>ratives ) hesitation1 & weigh !m aga9/ o!rs by p]sons ( a diff]5t nationality & education4 ,inde$1 ( all elem5ts ( native life1 ?is ( religion is ! mo/ liable to be misund]/ood by ! =eign visitor4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! v>i\s s\rces ( in=mation1 :at tribes1 ab\t :i* we h suffici5t k1 c\ld fairly be consid]$ z examples ( primitive conditions8 ,beg9n+ ) ^? remote/ 9 "t1 ,i believe we "k en\gh ab\t ! e>ly ,aryans to claim x = !m4 ,! acute rese>*es ( rec5t s*ol>s1 s admirably summ$ up 9 ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,s*rad]1 h ?r[n a flood ( light on ! dome/ic1 cultural1 & religi\s condition ( ! pri/9e epo* ( ,aryan society f ! side ( language2 :ile ! tireless prosecution ( prehi/oric ar*ology 9 ,europe has put u into possession ( ?\s&s ( objects illu/rat+ ! religi\s arts & usages !n 9 vogue4 ,classical my?ology & ritual1 z well z mod]n folk-lore1 l5d fur!r effici5t aid t[>d recon/ruct+ ! modes & expressions ( _! sacr$ ?\ght4 ,a v anci5t p1 possibly ( ,aryan blood1 b m likely1 ,i believe1 to h come f ,nor? ,africa & to be ( ,libyan aff9ities1 7 ! ,etruscans4 ,!y 7 extremely religi\s1 & _! !ological op9ions deeply col\r$ ! wor%ip ( ! ,romans4 ,we "k ! g5]al outl9es ( _! doctr9e ( ! gods1 & its simplicity & gr&eur bespeak our admiration4 ,i %all draw f ?is v5]able 8,etruscan discipl9e0 f "t to "t = illu/rations4 ,q z mu* may be said ( ! dilig5ce ( ! explor]s & s*ol>s 9 ! field ( ,semitic antiquity4 ,we c )\t room = d\bt trace ! /ream ( ,semitic religi\s ?\ght ?r\gh ! ,hebrew ,bible & ! ,assyrian & ,babylonian cunei=m tablets to a possibly non-,semitic s\rce among ! ,accadian or ,sum]ian population1 :i* t5 ?\s& ye>s ago _h already begun to develop an arti/ic & agricultural life on ! ,babylonian pla94 ,num]\s /ud5ts h re/or$ ! outl9es & motives ( ?is anci5t fai?1 ^: =ms & doctr9es b9d & %ape our lives 9 ,am]ica to-day4 ,( ! possibly /ill old] culture ( ,egypt1 s mu* _c be said4 ,! orig9al cre$s ( its religion h be5 less successfully div9$4 ,l its e>ly inscriptions1 !y 7 eras$ & ov]laid s (t5 by ! caprice or prejudice ( successive dyna/ies1 & s pr(\ndly modifi$ by =eign influ5ces1 t ) our pres5t k !y are no long] legible4#ah ,turn+ to ! religions :i* h pres]v$ _! primitive =ms to mod]n times1 ! fir/ place %\ld be conc$$ to ^? ( ,am]ica4 ,up to f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 all ( !m1 ?r\gh\t ! cont95t1 _h develop$ f an unkn[n antiquity unt\*$ by ! tea*+s ( ,asian or ,european in/ructors2 = no really sane s*ol> n[adays believes ei!r t ,/4 ,?omas prea*$ ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,new ,_w 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 or t ,buddhi/ monks 9 ! sev5? or any o!r c5tury c>ri$ _! t5ets into ,mexico & ,guatemala4 ,_m ( ! ,am]ican tribes1 moreov]1 liv$ 9 ! rude/ /ages ( social life1 ignorant ( agriculture1 )\t fix$ abodes1 nak$ or ne>ly s1 9 con/ant bloody /rife1 de/itute ev5 ( tribal gov]nm5t4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 we %\ld f9d ! religi\s s5tim5t1 if x exi/s at all1 9 its simple/ elem5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fir/ ,european explor]s f\nd 9 ,p]u1 ,yucatan1 & ,mexico num]\s tribes 9 almo/ a civilis$ condition1 build]s ( huge edifices ( c>v$ /ones1 cultivat+ ! soil1 & acqua9t$ ) a p>tly phonetic sy/em ( writ+4 ,_! my?ology 0 ample & _! ritual elaborate1 s t x c\ld sc>cely be call$ primitive 9 appe>ance2 b 9 all ^! in/ances1 my? & ritual 7 s obvi\sly id5tical 9 "* ) ^? ( ! vagrant tribes else:]e1 t we %all make no mi/ake 9 classify+ !m toge!r4 ,equally isolat$ & surely z rude z ! rude/ 7 ! native ,au/ralians1 ! wavy-hair$1 be>d$1 black p :o sp>sely inhabit$ t huge isl&1 two ?\s& miles wide by two ?\s& five hundr$ miles long4 ,isolat$ by arid /ret*es ( des]t1 ! /ruggle = life 0 incessant1 & !re is little wond] t we f9d !m 9 an incr$ibly debas$ condition associat$ ) un5d+ w> & cannibalism4 ,= ^! v reasons1 _! religi\s notions des]ve our close/ scrut9y4 ,! va/ isl&-_w ( ,polynesia 0 peopl$ by relat$ tribes1 usually ( limit$ cultivation1 b ) a ri* my?ology1 ( :i* we h _m /range & beautiful fragm5ts4 ,!y are primitive 9 =m & expression1 ) s+ul> diff]5ces z well z analogies to ! beliefs ( cont95tal tribes4 ,africa1 ) its c\ntless dusky hordes1 (f]s a less promis+ field to ! /ud5t ( ! e>lie/ phases ( religion ?an we might expect4 ,! conditions ( ! arts1 & ! ru9s ( =eign-built cities unite ) ! classic hi/orians to %[ t 9 remote ages ! influ5ce ( di/ant nations1 f ,egypt1 ,arabia1 & ,india1 on ! typical black population 0 pr(\nd & f>-rea*+4 ,! :ite ,hamites ( ! nor? cross$ ! ,sah>a & ext5d$ _! arms f> into ! ,s\dan2 :ile on ! ea/ coa/1 ! black ,hamites & ,arabic ,e?iopians drove ! aborig9es f> to ! ,s\?4 ,lat]1 ,arabic influ5ces p5etrat$ into ! int]ior1 dissolv+ ! old] fai?s or discol\r+ !m4 ,?us1 little ( ! indep5d5t developm5t ( religi\s ?\ght rema9s 9 ,africa4 ,its mo/ primitive features are probably be/ pres]v$ 9 ! extreme ,s\?1 among ! ,hott5tots1 ,bu%m51 & ,zulus4 ,on ! ,asian cont95t1 "s ( ! ,sibiric tribes 9 ! nor? & "s ( ^? ( ,dravidian desc5t 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,h9doo/an pres]v$ to a late day _! primitive traits2 :ile ! fad+ remnants ( ! ,v$dahs 9 ,ceylon & ! black isl&]s ( ,melanesia /ill cont9ue 9 ! simple fai?s ( _! ance/ors4 ,^! h9ts w indicate ! *ief s\rces f :i* ,i %all draw ! mat]ial to illu/rate ! rudim5t>y /ages ( religi\s ?\ght & act1 ! embryonic p]iod1 z x 71 ( ^? emotions & beliefs :i* to u1 9 rip] =ms1 are s de> & s holy4 ,"h ,i mu/ def9e :at is meant 9 ^! lectures by 8religions40 ,mo/ p conf9e t t]m to ! hi/oric fai?s & cults1 call+ o!rs 8sup]/itions0 & 8paganisms40 ,"s w n ackn[l$ge t !re is any religion :atev] except _! own2 all o!r beliefs are h]esies1 apo/asies1 or hea!nisms4 ,ev5 su* an intellig5t writ] z ,sir ,john ,lubbock express$ d\bts 9 "o ( 8 works :e!r he ought to apply ! ^w 8religions0 to ! wor%ip t5d]$ _! deities by savages4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a ,prote/ant w freely d5\nce ! practices ( ! ,roman ,*ur* z 8sup]/itions10 & w claim t !y are deg5]ations ( religion2 :ile among ,prote/ants1 ! ,quak] looks ^u all ext]nal rites z equally 8sup]/iti\s40 ,no su* di/9ctions c be recognis$ 9 e?nology4 ,! pr9ciple at ! basis ( all religions & all sup]/itions is ! same1 z ,i %all %[ 9 ! next lecture1 & ! grosse/ rites ( b>b>ism des]ve ! "n ( 8religion0 j z mu* z ! ref9$ c]emonies ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,! aims ( ! wor%ipp] may be selfi% & s5su\s1 !re may be an entire abs5ce ( e?ical int5tion1 8 rites may be empty =malities & 8 cre$ immoral1 b ?is w be 8 religion all ! same1 & we %\ld n apply to x any o!r "n4#ai ,!re is no "o belief or set ( beliefs :i* con/itutes a religion4 ,we are apt to suppose t e cre$ mu/ tea* a belief 9 a god or gods1 9 an immortal s\l1 & 9 a div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 :i* lately met at ,*icago1 ann\nc$1 9 its prelim9>y call1 ^! elem5ts z ess5tial to ! idea ( religion4 ,no mi/ake c\ld be great]4 ,! religion :i* to-day c\nts ! l>ge/ numb] ( adh]5ts1 ,buddhism1 rejects e "o ( ^! items4#bj ,! ,jewi% doctr9e ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,roman religion ( ! "t ( ,julius ,cs>1 & _m o!rs1 h n admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( a s\l1 or ! cont9uance ( ! individual life aft] dea?4#ba ,"s believe 9 s\ls1 b n 9 gods2 :ile a div9e gov]nm5t is a ?\ght r>ely pres5t 9 savage m9ds4 ,!y d n1 z a rule1 recognise any su* pr9ciple z t ( good & evil1 or any doctr9e ( rew>ds & puni%m5t h]eaft] = conduct 9 ! pres5t life4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 n any "o item 9 any cre$ :i* is accept$ by all religions2 yet a common s\rce1 a common end 9 view1 & ! close/ analogy ( means to t end1 b9d all 9 "o1 repres5t+ an indefeasible elem5t ( human nature1 ! l[e/ conta9+ ! pot5tiality ( ! highe/1 ! highe/ be+ b ! necess>y evolution ( ! l[e/4 ,! same prompt+s :i* l$ ! e>lie/ ( m5 to frame _! crude ideas ab\t ! sup]-s5su\s ar\nd !m h n\ri%$ & develop$ religions ev] s9ce1 & keep !m alive to-day4 ,temples may crumble & cre$s decay1 b ! _s rema9s ! same4 ,?is inh]5t unity ( all religi\s feel+ & expression 0 long ago p]ceiv$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,9 a well-kn[n passage ( 8 ,retractations he makes ! /rik+ rem>k3 8,res ipsa1 qu nunc religio ,*ri/iana nuncupatur1 erat apud antiquos1 nec defuit ab initio g5]is humani02 8,t :i* is n[ call$ ! ,*ri/ian religion exi/$ among ! anci5ts1 & 9 fact 0 ) ! human race f ! beg9n+40 ,?is is1 ess5tially1 ! maxim ( mod]n e?nology4 ,! religiosity ( man is a "p ( 8 psy*ical be+4 ,9 ! nature & laws ( ! human m9d1 9 its intellect1 sympa?ies1 emotions1 & passions1 lie ! well-spr+s ( all religions1 mod]n or anci5t1 ,*ri/ian or hea!n4 ,to ^! we mu/ ref]1 by ^! we mu/ expla91 :atev] errors1 falsehoods1 bigotry1 or cruelty h /a9$ man's cre$s & cults3 to !m we mu/ cr$it :atev] tru?1 beauty1 piety1 & love h hall[$ & glorifi$ 8 long se>* = ! p]fect & ! et]nal4 ,if ?is op9ion ( ! place ( religion 9 e?nology is correct1 we %\ld n expect to f9d any consid]able numb] ( m51 9 ! pres5t epo* ( ! race's developm5t1 devoid ( "s =m ( wor%ip & belief4 ,! fact is t !re has n be5 a s+le tribe1 no matt] h[ rude1 kn[n 9 hi/ory or visit$ by travell]s1 :i* has be5 %[n to be de/itute ( religion1 "u "s =m4 ,! contr>y ( ?is has be5 ass]t$ by v>i\s mod]n writ]s ( weight1 = example by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 n f _! own obs]vation1 = nei!r ev] saw a savage tribe1 b f ! reports ( travell]s & mission>ies4 ,i speak advis$ly :5 ,i say t e ass]tion to ?is effect :5 te/$ by c>eful exam9ation has prov$ errone\s4#bb ,:at l$ to su* a mi/ak5 op9ion is easily se54 ,! mission>ies w\ld n recognise z religion ! beliefs :i* 7 s diff]5t f & inf]ior to _! own4 ,! god ( ! hea!ns 0 to !m no god :atev]4 ,:5 !y he>d /ories ( gho/s1 magic1 & *>ms1 !y spurn$ ^! z old wives' fables1 & confid5tly proclaim$ t ! tribe _h no religion4 ,?us x 0 ) ^? :o fir/ work$ 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,!y return$ & proclaim$ t a!ism 0 8endemic0 among ! tribes ( t region4 ,lat] obs]v]s1 acqua9t+ !mselves ) ! languages ( ! ,blacks1 f\nd an ample my?ology & an ext5sive ritual ( wor%ip4#bc ,ano!r example may be quot$ f a rec5t description ( ! ,motu tribe ( ,new ,gu9ea4 ,! writ]1 a mission>y1 d5ies t !y h any religion :atev]2 b imm$iately proce$s to describe _! num]\s 8sup]/iti\s0 rites1 _! belief 9 spirits1 _! c]emonial law1 etc46#bd ,ano!r & pot5t cause ( error 0 ! unwill+ness ( ! natives to speak to =eign]s ( ! sacr$ my/]ies4 ,?is is n peculi> to !m1 b obta9s ev]y:]e4 ,9 ! polite society ( our own cities1 x is held to be an infraction ( etiquette to "q a p]son ab\t 8 religi\s op9ions & practices4 ,great] repugnance w\ld be felt 7 x kn[n t ! que/ion] c\ld h no sympa?y ) "o's op9ions1 & w\ld probably hold !m up to d]ision & contempt4 ,ev5 a /rong] det]r5t motive closes ! m\? ( mo/ savages giv+ su* in=mation4 ,x is tabu1 prohibit$ "u sev]e p5alties1 to imp>t x to any /rang]1 or ev5 to ano!r tribesman4 ,! t5d5cy to secrecy1 to ! esot]ic1 belongs to all religions1 & especially to ^? 9 :i* ! emotions are pr$om9ant1 z is ! case ) primitive cults4 ,ev5 ) a will+ n>rator1 x is impossible to acquire a true und]/&+ ( a religion )\t a k ( ! language 9 :i* its my?s & precepts are c\*$4 ,ord9>y int]pret]s are worse ?an useless4 ,capta9 ,b\rke tells u t "t & aga9 he 0 assur$ by ,mexican int]pret]s :o _h liv$ = ye>s among ! ,apa*es t ?is tribe _h no religion & no sacr$ c]emonies4 8,^! int]pret]s10 he adds1 8_h no int5tion to deceive2 !y 7 simply unable to dis5gage !mselves f _! own prejudices2 !y c\ld n cr$it ! exi/5ce ( any su* ?+ z religion save & except t taught !m at _! "m's knees40#be ,if ^! ,spani%-,mexicans1 :o _h pass$ half _! lives among ! natives1 d5i$ !m religion1 :at c we expect ! ord9>y travell] to le>n 9 a few weeks' visit8 ,religion1 !re=e1 is & has be51 s f> z hi/ory in=ms u1 univ]sal 9 ! human race4 ,c we g f>!r back 9 "t ?an hi/ory leads u1 & say t x has ev] be5 an elem5t ( humanity8 ,! res\rces at our comm& to answ] ?is inquiry lie 9 prehi/oric ar*ology & l+ui/ics4 ,beyond hi/oric ages1 & beyond ^? ref]r$ to by vague tradition1 :i* we may call semi-hi/oric1 lies ! epo* ( culture call$ f its *ief indu/ry ! ,/one ,age1 divid$ into ! m rec5t or 8neoli?ic0 p]iod1 & ! old] or 8paloli?ic0 p]iod4 ,conc]n+ ! =m]1 !re c be no d\bt :atev] t religion ex]cis$ a trem5d\s influ5ce on m5's m9ds4 ,we h numb]less sepul*res ( peoples !n liv+1 mighty m\nds & massive temples1 su* z ,/oneh5ge & ,k>nac2 we h !m by ! t5s ( ?\s&s1 ov] va/ areas1 rema9+ z indubitable pro(s t ! *ief m>ket ( ! "t ( ^? e>ly sons ( ! soil 0 to wor%ip ! gods & prep>e = dea?4 ,we h _! idols1 amulets1 & my/ic symbols1 _! alt>s & _! talismans1 s z to leave no d\bt ( _! deep devotion4 ,no ar*ologi/ que/ions ?is4 ,:5 we come to paloli?ic man1 h[ev]1 especially to ^? anci5t tribes :o liv$ 9 ,we/]n ,europe :5 ! great cont95tal glaci] *ill$ ! air ( ,s\!rn ,france to an arctic frigidity1 or /ill e>li]1 9 t pre-glacial summ] :5 ! hippopotamus f\nd a cong5ial home 9 ! riv] ,?ames1 we are n s sure4 ,among ! _m ?\s&s ( artificially %ap$ /one & bone objects :i* h be5 collect$ f t horizon1 !re is n "o :i* we c positively id5tify z ( religi\s purport1 z a *>m1 amulet1 feti%1 or idol4 ,! r>e in/ances 9 :i* ! bones ( ! m5 ( t age h be5 pres]v$ reveal no positive signs ( fun]>y rites4 ,= ^! reasons "s able ar*ologi/s1 su* z ,pr(essor ,g4 de ,mortillet1 h ma9ta9$ t man1 z he !n 01 _h n yet develop$ 8 religi\s faculties4 ,! evid5ce = ?is1 is1 inde$1 negative1 & fre% discov]ies may refute x1 b ! pres5t probability is t 9 ! infancy ( ! race !re 0 at lea/ no objective expression ( religi\s feel+4#bf ,?is appe>s support$ by te/imony f ano!r qu>t]4 ,:5 we c trace back ! sacr$ words ( a language to _! orig9al roots1 we f9d t ^! roots d n h religi\s associations1 b ref] to concrete & s5su\s images4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a "t1 !re=e1 :5 ^? :o spoke t orig9al dialect employ$ ^! words )\t any religi\s mean+ atta*$ to !m1 & !re=e _h no religi\s ideas express$ 9 _! language1 & presumably none def9$ 9 _! m9ds4 ,i am n sure1 h[ev]1 t ?is argum5t is s valid z "s writ]s claim4 ,^? e>ly m5 may h _h o!r religi\s t]ms1 n[ lo/2 & ! curr5t belief among l+ui/s t all radicals _h at fir/ concrete mean+s is "o ,i s]i\sly d\bt4 ,m5tal processes & feel+s are j z real z actions1 & 9 ! aborig9al tongues ( ,am]ica are express$ by radicals z di/9ct & z anci5t z any = s5su\s p]ception4 ,!re mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 a "t 9 ! progress ( organic =ms f "s l[] to t highe/ mammal1 ,man1 :5 he did n h a religi\s consci\sness2 = x is d\btful if ev5 ! slighte/ traces ( x c be disc]n$ 9 ! inf]ior animals4 ,mr4 ,d>w91 inde$1 put 9 a plea t 8 fav\rite dog manife/$ ! same psy*ical traits :i* lead savages to believe 9 gods or spiritual ag5cies#bg2 & lately ,pr(essor ,p9s]o1 ( ,pal]mo1 has argu$ t ! an?ropoid apes cultivate a wor%ip ( s]p5ts1 ev5 bury+ !m ) consid]able c]emony1 & plac+ 9 _! tombs a provision ( insects = _! consumption 9 _! future life6#bh ,b ^! sci5tific speculations h n f\nd g5]al acceptance1 & ev5 ,pr(essor ,p9s]o himself1 :ile conc$+ religion to ! ape1 d5ies x to prehi/oric man ( ! e>li] epo*s4 ,we may conclude1 !re=e1 t ! developm5t ( ! religi\s side ( man's nature began at a v e>ly p]iod 9 8 hi/ory z a species1 ?\gh probably x 0 extremely vague or practically abs5t 9 8 fir/ /adia2 & t x is some?+ di/9ctly human1 & n %>$ 9 any def9ite =m by ev5 ! be/ develop$ ( ! l[] animals4 ,x is ! only trait 9 :i* he is qualitatively sep>at$ f !m4 ,!y1 too1 communicate k by s\nds2 !y h gov]nm5ts & arts2 b nev] d we see any:]e among !m ! notion ( ! ,div9e4 ,?is 0 ! sp>k ( ,prome!an fire :i* has guid$ man along ! d>ksome & devi\s ways ( 8 e>?ly pilgrimage to ! supremacy he n[ enjoys4 ,! ,greek fable tells u ( ! %eph]d lad ,endymion1 :o f$ 8 %eep on ,mt4 ,latmus1 & dream$ ( no high] ambition1 until 9 8 sleep ! goddess ,sel5e desc5d$ f heav5 & embrac$ him4 ,inspir$ by h] div9e t\*1 he wak$ to noble aspirations1 & w5t =? to become mon>* ( ,elis & fa!r ( a l9e ( k+s4 ,s ! human m9d grop$ = dateless ages amid bruti% toils & pleasures1 unconsci\s ( gr&] aims2 until ! ?\ght ( ,god1 ris+ to consci\sness )9 ! s\l1 :isp]$ to x ( endless progress & div9e ideals1 9 que/ ( :i* x has s\ght & w ev] cont9ue seek+1 ) tireless endeav\r & con/antly increas+ rew>d4 ,?is "q settl$1 ano!r arises4 ,! religions ?us f\nd ev]y:]e among ! rude/ tribes1 did !y take root & ex]t a deep influ5ce on ! individual & society1 or 7 !y sup]ficially felt1 & ( slight mom5t 9 practical life8 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is ,i c sc>cely be too positive4 ,no op9ion c be m errone\s ?an ! "o sometimes advanc$ t savages are indiff]5t to _! fai?s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! rule1 ) v few exceptions1 is t religion absorbs ne>ly ! :ole life ( a man "u primitive conditions4 ,f bir? to dea?1 b especially dur+ adult ye>s1 8 daily actions are gov]n$ by c]emonial laws ( ! sev]e/1 (t5 ! mo/ irksome & pa9ful *>act]s4 ,he has no indep5d5t action or code ( conduct1 & is a v slave to ! conditions :i* su* laws create4 ,?is is especially visible 9 ! _w-wide cu/oms ( totemic divisions & ! tabu1 or religi\s prohibitions4 ,^! gov]n 8 food & dr9k1 8 m>riage & social relations1 ! disposition ( prop]ty1 & ! *oice ( 8 wives4 ,an infraction ( !m is out ( ! "q4 ,x means exile or dea?4 ,! notions ( tol]ance1 fre$om ( consci5ce1 high] law1 are non-exi/5t 9 primitive communities1 except "u c]ta9 p]sonal conditions :i* ,i %all m5tion 9 a lat] lecture4 ,z has be5 t]sely said by ,pr(essor ,grang]1 8,religion 9 ! anci5t _w compris$ e social function02 & ! id5tity ( its rules ) ^? ( common life is correctly put by ,pr(essor ,?iele 9 ^! words3 8,! idea ( a sep>ation betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate is utt]ly =eign to all ! religions ( antiquity40#bi ,:at 0 true 9 ^? anci5t days is equally s 9 ?is age among savage peoples4 ,let u take z an example ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,a rec5t obs]v] describes !m z utt] slaves to _! 8sup]/itions10 t is1 to _! religion4#cj 8,:5 !y lay out _! fields1 ga!r ! h>ve/1 g hunt+ or fi%+1 contract a m>riage1 />t on an exp$ition1 propose a comm]cial j\rney1 or any?+ ( importance1 !y always consult ! gods1 (f] sacrifices1 celebrate fea/s1 /udy ! om5s1 obta9 talismans1 & s on1 (t5 ?us los+ ! be/ opportunity = ! bus9ess itself40 ,?is is equally ! case ) mo/ savage tribes4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes in=m$ me t x 0 a sev]e moral %ock to ! ,pueblo ,indians to see ! :ite settl]s plant corn )\t any religi\s c]emony2 & a mu* great] "o to p]ceive t ! corn grew1 fl\ri%$1 & bore abundant crops6 ,! result did m to %att] _! simple fai? ?an a doz5 mission>y crusades4 ,to ! simple m9d ( ! primitive man1 z to ! ,mohamm$an to-day1 !re is no su* ?+ z an int]m$iate law1 direct+ ph5om5a1 & capable ( expression 9 set t]ms4 ,to him1 e ev5t ( nature & ( life is an imm$iate manife/ation ( ! p[] ( ,god1 e9e ,kraftprobe ,gottes4#ca ,religion1 h[ev]1 does n beg9 f any ext]nal pressure1 no matt] h[ /rong ?is may be4 ,if x has any vitality1 if x is any?+ m ?an ! b>r5e/ c]emonial1 x mu/ />t )91 f ! s\l itself4 ,?us x did 9 primordial ages 9 all tribes ( m54 ,!re=e 9 /udy+ its orig9 & pursu+ its developm5t we mu/ comm5ce ) its fonts & spr+s 9 ! m9d ( man1 its psy*ic s\rces4 ,^! und]/ood1 we c proce$ to its ?ree *ief expressions1 9 ,words1 9 ,objects1 & 9 ,rites4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,! ,orig9 & ,cont5ts ( ,primitive ,religions4 ,,cont5ts3--,=m] ,!ories ( ! ,orig9 ( ,religions--,inadequacy ( ^!--,univ]sal ,po/ulate ( ,religions t ,consci\s ,volition is ! ,s\rce ( ,=ce--,h[ ,m9d 0 ,assign$ to ,nature--,communion betwe5 ! ,human & ! ,div9e ,m9d--,univ]sality ( 8,inspiration0--,inspiration ! ,product ( ! ,sub-,consci\s ,m9d--,kn[n to ,sci5ce z 8,sugge/ion0--,?is ,expla9$--,examples--,illu/rations f ,language--,no ,primitive ,mono!ism--,! ,special ,/imuli ( ! ,religi\s ,emotions3 #a4 ,dream+ & ,alli$ ,conditions--,life z a ,dream--#b4 ,! ,appreh5sion ( ,life & ,dea? & ! ,notion ( ! ,s\l--#c4 ,! ,p]ception ( ,light & ,d>kness2 ,day & ,night--,! ,sky ,god z ! ,high ,god--#d4 ,! ,obs]vation ( ,extraord9>y ,exhibitions ( ,=ce--,! ,?und] ,god--#e4 ,! ,impression ( ,va/ness--,dignity ( ! ,sub-,consci\s ,intellig5ce4 ,9 ! la/ lecture we h se5 t all tribes ( m51 s f> z is kn[n1 h _h religions4 ,h[ ?is happ5$1 :at g5]al cause br\ght ab\t s univ]sal a fact1 has puzzl$ ! bra9s ( philosoph]s & !ologians4 ,_! explanations h be5 z v>i\s & z conflict+ on ?is z on mo/ o!r subjects4 ,a goodly numb] ( philosoph]s1 anci5t & mod]n1 h look$ ^u religion ( any k9d z a symptom ( a diseas$ bra94 ,?us ,emp$ocles1 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 decl>$ x to be a sickness ( ! m9d1 & ,feu]ba*1 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 has *>act]is$ x z ! mo/ p]nici\s malady ( humanity4 ,reg>d+ all =ms ( religions z delusions1 detrim5tal !re=e to s\nd reason & ! pursuit ( tru?1 !y believ$ ! human intellect c\ld freely employ its p[]s only :5 lib]at$ f su* %ackles4 ,ano!r anci5t !ory /ill survives1 t :i* has its "n f ,euhem]us1 a ,sicilian writ] ( ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,he claim$ t religions arose f ! respect & rev]5ce paid to k+s & h]oes dur+ _! lives1 cont9u$ by cu/om aft] _! dea?s4 ,"u ! mod]n "n ( 8ance/or wor%ip0 ?is has be5 ma9ta9$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & o!rs z ! primitive s\rce ( all wor%ip4 ,yet ano!r philosophical op9ion has be5 t religions 7 due to ! craft ( rul]s & prie/s1 :o1 by ! aid ( sup]/iti\s fe>1 s\ght to keep _! subjects & vot>ies 9 subjection4 ,^! trick/]s inv5t$ ! t]rors ( ano!r _w to secure _! own p[] & places 9 ?is "o4 ,?is op9ion 0 a fav\rite ab\t ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution & is mirror$ 9 ! poems ( ,%elley1 :o ann\nc$ x z "o ( 8 missions1 8to unveil ! religi\s frauds by :i* nations h be5 delud$ into submission40#cb ,! prevail+ !ory ( ! great _w-religions1 ,*ri/ianity & ,mohamm$anism1 has be5 sub/antially t ( ,emp$ocles4 ,!y h reg>d$ all ! religions ( ! _w z cunn+ fabrications ( ! ,devil & 8 imps1 sn>es spread = human s\ls2 always ) "o exception h[ev]3 ea* excepts itself4 ,?is is ! view s gr&ly express$ 9 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/ & q common yet 9 civilis$ l&s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a /rong s*ool ( ,*ri/ian writ]s1 l$ e>ly 9 ?is c5tury by ,joseph de ,mai/re & ,*ateaubri& & repres5t$ 9 our tongue by ,ar*deacon ,tr5*1 h ass]t$ t all fai?s1 ev5 ! mo/ savage1 are fragm5ts & rem9isc5ces1 di/ort$ & brok5 inde$1 ( a primitive revelation v\*saf$ by ! ,almighty to ! human race ev]y:]e at ! beg9n+4 ,^! h occupi$ !mselves 9 po9t+ out ! analogies ( savage & pagan cre$s & rites ) ^? ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 pro( ( _! !ory4 ,n remote f !m are ! tea*]s ( ! doctr9e ( ! 8inn] light10 t 8light :i* lighte? e man :o come? into ! _w10 disclos+ unto him ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ! fact ( 8 s\l4 ,!y tea*1 ) ,wordswor?1 t 8,trail+ cl\ds ( glory d we come ,f ,god :o is our home20 & t x is by p]v]sion or wilful bl9dness t any man av]s ignorance ( ^! primal tru?s4 ,! philosophic aspect ( ?is !ory has be5 pres5t$ by ! ma/] m9ds ( ,kant1 ,hegel1 & ,s*ell+4 ,kant id5tifi$ ! idea ( ,god ) ! ,ideal ( ,reason1 ! p]fect ,intellig5ce1 t[>d :i* all m9ds1 ev5 ! humble/1 mu/ necess>ily /rive4 ,hegel1 9 a f9e passage ( 8 ,philosophy ( ,religion1 urges ! /udy ( pagan & primitive religions ) a view to def9e _! real significance & to discov] ! gra9s ( tru? :i* ev] lie )9 !m1 ! reason & ! goodness :i* give !m life4 ,! mod]n ,g]man e?nograph]s1 su* z ,pes*el1 ,ratzel1 & ,s*urtz1#cc h n v5tur$ to foll[ ^! e>li] ?9k]s ( _! nation1 b h cont5t$ !mselves ) trac+ ! orig9 ( religion to "o *>act]i/ic ( ! human intellect1 to wit1 ! notion ( ,cause4 ,! relation ( cause & effect1 !y claim1 is s +ra9$ 9 ! ?9k+ m9d t x inevitably leads all m5 to assume causes1 su* z spiritual ag5cies1 :5 o!rs are n visible4 ,?is popul> view seems weak2 = n only is ! relation ( cause to effect a m]e assumption1 &1 inde$1 reject$ by exact sci5ce2 b x dodges ! v "q at issue1 :i* is to expla9 :y spiritual ag5cies are imag9$ z causes ( mat]ial effects4 ,simil> objections lie to d]iv+ primitive religions f a vague 8p]ception ( ! ,inf9ite10 or a s5sus num9is1 "s deus 9 nobis1 8w>n+ u10 z ,virgil says1 8by 8 quick motion40 ,^! are uncle>1 unsatisfy+ expressions1 (f]+ no rational explanation1 & full ( equivocations4 ,a fav\rite !ory 9 all times is t religions arose f ! emotion ( fe>4 ,x 0 taught by ! ,lat9 poet ,petronius 9 a fam\s l9e1 :]e he says 8,fe> fir/ made ! gods02 & x has be5 /r5u\sly advocat$ by _m mod]n philosoph]s & e?nologi/s4 ,n[ if ?is emotion is alone suffici5t to evoke religi\s feel+1 :y1 ,i ask1 is t feel+ abs5t 9 ! crav5 & timid l[] animals8 ,:y is x s feeble 9 _m a c[>d8 ,:y has x be5 s /rong 9 _m a h]o8 ,moreov]1 ! _s ( _m e>ly religions is ! rev]se ( t ( fe>4 ,!y are1 z ,dr4 ,rob]tson ,smi? correctly said1 8pr$om9antly joy\s40 ,^! are pro(s en\gh t ?is anci5t & popul> notion re/s on a misconception ( facts4 ,! 8fe> ( ,god0 ent]s1 inde$1 into e religion2 b religion itself did n arise f x4 ,we mu/ already h a notion ( ,god1 be=e we c fe> ,him4 ,if we are go+ to apply ! sci5tific me?od to ! /udy ( religions we mu/ (f] an explanation = _! exi/5ce :i* is intelligible1 :i* is v]ifiable1 & :i* holds good = all ( !m1 primitive or develop$1 ^? ( ! remote/ ages & ^? ( to-day4 ,only ?us c ! e?nologi/ treat !m z "o elem5t ( ! hi/ory ( ,humanity1 a prop]ty ( ! species4 ,?is has n be5 done1 s f> z ,i "k1 up to ! pres5t "t4 ,9 fact1 mu* ( ! tea*+ ( mod]n an?ropology has be5 calculat$ to det] x4 ,! outspok5 advocacy ( a!ism & mat]ialism by ! ,fr5* ,s*ool has l$ its disciples to consid] ! ef=t unpr(itable2#cd & ! acceptance ( ! doctr9e ( 8,animism0 z a suffici5t explanation ( e>ly cults has l$ to ! neglect1 9 ,engli%-speak+ l&s1 ( _! pr(\nd] analysis4 ,su* a writ]1 = in/ance1 z ,&rew ,lang does n hesitate to tea* t1 8,! orig9 ( a belief 9 ,god is beyond ! k5 ( hi/ory & speculation40#ce ,! real explanation ( ! orig9 ( religion is simple & univ]sal4 ,let any man ask himself on :at 8 own religi\s belief is f\nd$1 & ! answ]1 if true1 w hold good = e memb] ( ! race1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r we analyse ! sup]/itions ( ! rude/ savages1 or ! l(ty utt]ances ( ,john ! ,evangeli/1 or ( ,sp9oza ! 8god-intoxicat$ philosoph]02 we %all f9d "o & ! same po/ulate to ! fai? ( all4 ,?is univ]sal po/ulate1 ! psy*ic orig9 ( all religi\s ?\ght1 is ! recognition1 or1 if y please1 ! assumption1 t consci\s volition is ! ultimate s\rce ( all ,=ce4 ,x is ! belief t beh9d ! s5su\s1 ph5om5al _w1 di/9ct f x1 giv+ x =m1 exi/5ce1 & activity1 lies ! ultimate1 invisible1 immeasurable p[] ( ,m9d1 ( consci\s ,w1 ( ,intellig5ce1 analog\s 9 "s way to our own2 &1--m>k ?is ess5tial coroll>y1--t man is 9 communication ) x4 ,:at ! highe/ religions ?us assume 0 likewise ! f\ndation ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ primitive cults4 ,! "o univ]sal trait amid _! endless =ms ( expression 0 ! unalt]able fai? 9 ,m9d1 9 ! sup]-s5su\s1 z ! ultimate s\rce ( all =ce1 all life1 all be+4 ,sci5ce & ,*ri/ianity tea* ! same1 b ) ?is diff]5ce3 ! progress ( obs]vation has taught u ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 uni=m sequ5ces :i* we call 8laws ( nature10 bas$ solely on ,m9d1 b repres5t+ its processes ( realisation4 ,! savage knew n ^!4 ,he imag9$ e motion 9 nature 0 ! imm$iate exhibition ( ,w1 8 own w 9 8 own motions1 "s se5 or unse5 w 9 o!r motions4 ,! se5 7 ( ano!r be+ l himself2 ! unse5 7 to t ext5t unkn[n1 & ^! 7 8 gods4 ,i repeat1 :]ev] we f9d ! div9e1 ! spiritual ag5cy1 set =? 9 my? or symbol1 cre$ or rite1 we f9d x *>act]is$ by two traits3 x is ( ! nature ( ! human m9d1 t is1 sup]-s5su\s2 & x is ! ultimate s\rce ( p[]4 ,x w be my aim to %[ ! expressions ( ^! univ]sal po/ulates ( ! religi\s s5tim5t 9 ! rude/ fai?s ( ! _w4 ,y may ask1 by :at process ( ?9k+ did primitive man assign m9d to nature4 ,! process is extremely simple1 & is illu/rat$ by ! action ( any *ild4 ,let "o be accid5tally hurt by an empty rock+-*air 9 motion2 at once1 x is angry at ! *air1 & is gratifi$ to see x :ipp$6 ,! *ild-m9d assigns to ! object ! w & ! s5sations ( :i* x is consci\s 9 itself4 ,?is is ! simple/ explanation x c imag9e = action4 ,precisely s is x ) ! savage man4 ,:]ev] he p]ceives motion1 indep5d5t ( a liv+ be+1 he assumes ! pres5ce ( a consci\s ag5t1 n visible to 8 s5ses4 ,z ,pr(essor ,sayce rem>ks ( ! e>ly ,*aldeans3 8,to !m ! spiritual1 ! ,zi1 0 t :i* manife/$ life1 & ! te/ ( ! manife/ation ( life 0 movem5t40#cf ,?is is univ]sally true ( primitive fai?s4 ,b ?is 0 n en\gh4 ,to mo/ if n all primitive m51 movem5t 0 n ! only manife/ation ( life4 ,to !m1 ! immovable1 ! rock1 ! m\nta91 any inanimate object1 0 likewise a consci\s spiritual ag5cy1 a ?9k+ be+4 ,?is1 too1 has its explanation 9 "o ( ! simple/1 mo/ elem5t>y traits ( m9d1 ! s5se ( ,p]sonality4 ,to ! undevelop$ reason1 ! ,o!r is ev] conceiv$ z ,ano!r1 a ,self1 & is clo!d ) ! attributes ( ! ,self1 ( ! ?9k+ ,ego4 ,?is is always ! case 9 ! tales ( *ildr5 & ! my?s ( savage tribes4#cg ,^! are ! e>lie/ concepts ( ! religi\s faculty2 b !y w\ld h be5 p[]less to seize ^u ! emotions & to develop ! great religions ( ! _w1 _h !y n be5 support$ by t :i* is ! corn]-/one ( e cre$ on e>?1 ! coroll>y ,i m5tion$1 to wit1 ! direct communion betwe5 ! human & ! div9e m9d1 betwe5 ! ,man & ,god4 ,?is is ! "o trait %>$ by ! highe/ z well z ! l[e/1 x is ! "o pro( ( au!nticity :i* ea* proclaims = itself4 ,i %all tell y ( religions s crude z to h no temples or alt>s1 no rites or pray]s2 b ,i c tell y ( none t does n tea* ! belief ( ! int]communion ( ! spiritual p[]s & man4 ,e religion is a ,revelation--9 ! op9ion ( its vot>ies4 ,^? :i* are call$ ! 8book-religions0 dep5d ma9ly ^u ! record ( a revelation1 :ile 9 all primitive fai?s inspiration is actual & con/ant4 ,! human s\l1 reg>d$ 9 its orig9 z an emanation ( ! ,div9e1 is 9 its nature omnisci5t :5 9 mom5ts ( ec/asy x frees itself f its mat]ial envelope4#ch ,:5 an ,au/ralian native is ask$ if he has ev] se5 ! great ,creator1 ,baiame1 he w reply3 8,no1 n se5 him1 b ,i h felt or inw>dly p]ceiv$ him40#ci ,a ,basuto *ief repli$ to ! "q :e!r 8 p knew ( ,god be=e ! mission>ies came3 8,we did n "k ,him1 b we dream$ ( ,him40 ,all %amanism is bas$ on a direct relation to div9ity4 ,! %aman is an inspir$ prophet & heal]1 & believes z firmly 9 8 inspiration z d 8 cr$ul\s adh]5ts4 ,f %amanism 0 develop$ 9 ,india ! practice kn[n z ,yoga1 *>act]is$ by ec/atic seizures1 p]iods ( c]ebral exaltation1 & alleg$ div9e p[]s4#dj ,to ! same orig9 we mu/ attribute ! simil> ph5om5a ( 8speak+ ) tongues10 & religi\s mania4 ,i am n speak+ ( deceptions or illusions4 ,:5 ,i say t all religions dep5d = _! orig9 & cont9uance directly ^u inspiration1 ,i /ate an hi/oric fact4 ,x may be kn[n "u o!r names1 ( cr$it or discr$it1 z my/icism1 ec/asy1 rhapsody1 demoniac possession1 ! div9e afflatus1 ! gnosis1 or 9 its late/ *ri/5+1 8cosmic consci\sness40#da ,all are b expressions ( a belief t k arises1 words are utt]$1 or actions p]=m$1 n ?r\gh consci\s ideation & reflective purpose1 b ?r\gh ! prompt+s ( a p[] above or beyond ! individual m9d4#db ,prophets & %amans1 evangeli/s & ,indian m$ic9e-m51 all claim1 & all claim ) hone/y1 to be mov$ by ! god )91 ! deus 9 nobis1 & to speak ! words ( ! ,"l4 ,! int5sity ( purpose1 & ! suppression ( ! reason :i* ev]y:]e & at all times ?is s5se ( inspiration br+s ) x1 _c be ov]e/imat$ 9 _! influ5ce on ! hi/ory ( ! race4 ,to !m are due all fanaticism1 religi\s bigotry1 & illib]ality4 ,he :o has walk$ ) ,god1 :o has felt ! pressure ( ! div9e h&1 :o has be5 rew>d$ ) ! 8beatific vision10 to him all less] ties are weak1 all k va94 ,he w say3 8,x is bett] to "k ,god & be ignorant ( all else1 ?an to "k all else & be ignorant ( ,god40 ,no reason+ c conv9ce him ( error1 = 8 logic ackn[l$ges n ! laws ( human ?\ght2 no appeal w s(t5 8 judgm5ts1 = he utt]s n ! decision ( a man1 b ! unalt]able edict ( ! ,god4 ,unless we c (f] a rational explanation = ?is univ]sal trait1 all religions become inexplicable4 ,=tunately ! inve/igations ( mod]n psy*ology enable u to pres5t su* an explanation4 ,x tea*es u by innum]able examples t by f> ! majority ( ! impressions on our s5ses leave no trace 9 consci\s recollection1 al?\gh !y are /or$ 9 ! records ( ! bra92 t :at seems lo/ to memory1 /ill l+]s 9 its recesses2 & t m5tal action is con/antly go+ on & rea*+ results1 :olly )\t our k4 ,! psy*ologi/ calls ?is process by ! t]ms 8unconsci\s c]ebration10 or 8psy*ic automatism40 ,x is ! function ( ! 8sub-limital consci\sness10 or1 = %ort1 ! 8sub-consci\sness40 ,n only is x common1 x is con/ant1 & ! results ( ?is unp]ceiv$ lab\r ( our m9ds is (t5 f> m valuable ?an ^? ( our intellig5t ef=ts4 ,! mo/ complex me*anical inv5tions1 ! mo/ impressive art-"w ( ! _w1 ev5 ! mo/ difficult ma!matical solutions1 h be5 atta9$ ?r\gh ?is unkn[+ me*anism ( m9d4 ,!y seem$ real inspirations1 b we may be sure t ! m9d ?r\gh long consci\s ef=t _h be5 /or+ ! mat]ial & lay+ ! f\ndation = ! p]fect edifice :i* sprang s magically into exi/5ce4 ,! psy*ologi/ has gone f>!r4 ,n re/+ cont5t ) ! detection ( ?is automatic m5tal ma*9]y1 he has /udi$ h[ x is set a-go+1 & is prep>$ to %[ t 9 all its =ms x c be produc$ at w "u fav\rable conditions4 ,l an anci5t necromanc]1 he c inspire & bewit*1 he c exorcise demons & ca/ out devils4 ,8 p[] is n occult1 = x belongs to sci5ce1 & sci5ce has no secrets4 ,x is kn[n z 8sugge/ion10 & 9 x lies ! sociologic p[] ( all religions & sup]/itions :atev]1 primitive or pres5t4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 t ,i devote a few words to its explanation4 ,sugge/ion 9 its simple/ =m is ! indirect evocation ( an idea 9 ! m9d z ! />t+-po9t ( a process ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,! idea may be impress$ by a repetition ( ! /imulus1 by association ) alli$ ideas1 or by s5sory contacts4 ,x may be evok$ by delib]ate ef=t ( our own1 :i* is call$ 8auto-sugge/ion02 or ! impression may be d]iv$ f or direct$ to a numb] ( individuals1 :i* is t]m$ 8collective sugge/ion40 ,p[]ful means ( sugge/ion are ! monoton\s repetitions ( c]ta9 words2 ! fixation ( ! sight on a s+le object2 ! conc5tration ( ! m9d on "o ?\ght2 ! r$uction ( ! ord9>y nutrition2 association ) p]sons already "u its influ5ce2 cont9uance ( ! same motions2 prolong$ he>+ ! same note or rhy?mic *ord2 sil5ce1 d>kness1 & solitude4 ,^! may be v>i\sly comb9$ & br\ght to be> ^u ! m9d 9 su* a mann] z entirely to alt] its ord9>y habits1 & seem+ly to evoke ano!r p]sonality4 ,! rationale by :i* ?is is rea*$ is ?r\gh develop+ ! automatic & unconsci\s action ( ! m9d into a consci\s display ( its p[]s4 ,?is may be repulsive or admirable1 above or bel[ ! normal capacities2 b is always correlat$ to ! individual1 & connect$ ) 8 exp]i5ces4 ,?is is ! explanation ( ne>ly all ! religi\s exp]i5ces ( primitive peoples1 z x is ( :at is kn[n z 8!opa?y0 ev]y:]e1 & ( ! mod]n =ms ( !osophy1 mesm]ism1 & hypnotism4#dc ,all religi\s tea*+s & associations1 9 ! l[e/ z well z ! highe/ fai?s1 aim to cultivate ^! my/ical feel+s by increas+ ! int5sity ( ! sugge/ions :i* give rise to !m1 & dim9i%+ ! =ce ( o!r sugge/ions :i* may int]f]e4 ,ev5 9 civilis$ communities x is extraord9>y ) :at facility sugge/ive s5se-delusions c be produc$ 9 wak+ p]sons4 ,at lea/ n9ety out ( e hundr$ individuals c be p]suad$ ?us to deceive !mselves4 ,! extreme contagi\sness ( su* delusions1 common en\gh 9 civilis$ conditions1 is greatly increas$ 9 ! savage /ate4 ,9 _! lives ! ph5om5a ( auto-sugge/ion are /rik+ly frequ5t4 ,among ! ,african ,zulus any adult c ca/ himself or h]self into ! hypnotic /ate1 & by ?is obta9 :at !y consid] second sight1--8! p[] to see :]e lo/ objects are1 & h[ abs5t fri5ds are occupi$40 ,:5 ask$ to expla9 ?is /ate ( m9d1 !y c only say t x is "o 89 :i* a man is awake1 b sees ?+s :i* he w\ld n see1 if he 7 n 9 ?is /ate0#dd2 :i* rem9ds u ( ! rem>kable doctr9e ( ! ,sanscrit ,upani%ads--8,!re is no limit to ! kn[+ ( ! ,self t kn[s40#de ,among _m ,au/ralian tribes1 among ! ,kams*atkans1 & among ! ,yahgans ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 z well z _m o!r peoples1 ! my/]i\s p[] ( ! %amans or m$ic9e m5 is %>$ by all adults 9 a great] or less degree4#df ,^! are at ! bottom ( ! scale4 ,"o degree high]1 & we f9d ! prie/hood a sep>ate class1 usually ( bo? sexes1 b *os5 by natural selection f ^? memb]s ( ! community :o by temp]am5t or cultivation possess 9 ! highe/ degree ?is t5d5cy to my/ical p[]4 ,?is is g5]ally indicat$ by ! cle>ness & "* ( ! dreams & visions :i* appe> at ! "t he or %e ent]s adult life4 ,^! are consid]$ to be direct inspirations f ! _s _w1 ei!r f ! s\ls ( ! dead1 or ! p[]s o!r ?an ^? :i* control ! de/9y ( man4 ,^! inspir$ se]s repres5t ! prie/hood ( e primitive religion4 ,!y cultivate & pres]ve x1 & 9 !m ! mission>ies ( high] fai?s h ev] f\nd _! mo/ resolute foes & successful oppon5ts4 ,! reason is1 z ,i h said1 t ! %aman has himself be5 face to face ) ,god1 has he>d ,8 voice1 & felt ,8 pres5ce4 ,8 fai? !re=e is real1 & _c be %ak5 by any argum5t4 ,he may inde$1 & he g5]ally does1 assi/ 8 public p]=mances ) "s trick]y1 "s ?aumaturgy2 b t ?is is m]ely sup]add$ = effect is prov$ by ! g5]al cu/om t :5 "o su* adept is ill or 9 /raits he w solicit ! aid ( ano!r4#dg ,among 8 associates he is look$ ^u z set ap>t f o!r m5 by ! div9ity :i* *ooses him = its ag5t1 or dwells )9 him4 ,9 ! ,polynesian isl&s ?is is =cibly express$ 9 ! t]ms appli$ to ! native prie/s1 pia atua1 8god boxes10 receptacles ( div9ity2 & amama1 8op5 m\?s10 = ?r\gh !m ! god speaks1 n _! own selves4#dh ,! pres5ce ( div9ity is recognis$ & felt only 9 unusual m5tal /ates1 9 mom5ts ( ec/asy or trance1 9 p]iods ( rapture1 intoxication1 or fr5zy4 ,h5ce 9 all e>ly & _m late religions abnormal & pa?ological m5tal seizures are reg>d$ z cases ( inspiration1 or else ( demoniac possession4 ,9 ! ,qui*ua language ( ,p]u ! ^w huaca is _! mo/ g5]al t]m = ! div9e1 b huaca runa1 8div9e man10 means "o :o is crazy#di2 & 9 ,greek1 ! ^w mania 0 us$ = bo? madness & prophetic inspiration4 ,we ?us see t 9 ?is m5tal /ate we f9d ! psy*ic developm5t ( ! primitive idea ( ! div9e1 ! notion ( ,god4 ,x is n1 z has sometimes be5 claim$1 ! sudd5 result ( a s+le feel+2 x is a complex conception1 f a multitude ( obscurely felt impressions & emotions4 ,x is nei!r an intuition nor an induction2 x is nei!r an inf]5ce f obs]vation1 nor ! conclusion ( a logical process4 ,a /udy ( its aspect 9 savage life %[s t x arises f ! p]ception ( ! lat5t activity ( ! sub-consci\sness1 f ! /range s5se ( activity1 w1 & p[] :i*1 "u fav\rable conditions ( conc5tration 7sugge/ion71 x imp>ts to ! m or less consci\s ,self4 ,?is influ5ce is at fir/ vague1 imp]sonal1 undef9$1 b is gradually diff]5tiat$ & p]sonifi$4 ,fur!rmore1 x is con/antly /r5g!n$ & su/a9$ by ! ag5cy ( t cultivat$ sugge/ion ,i h describ$1 :i* is int5d$ to br+ ! individual into contact ) unkn[n activities4 ,?us ! idea ( ! sup]human is develop$ f ! unconsci\s human p[]s ( ,m9d4 ,conclusive evid5ce ( ?is is (f]$ by language4 ,f ! abundant mat]ial at h& let u *oose ?ree examples1 widely sep>at$1 "o f ! ,dakotan /ock ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 "o f ! anci5t ,p]uvians1 & "o f ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s4 ,! hidd5 & my/]i\s p[] ( ! univ]se is express$ 9 ! ,dakotan dialects by ! ^w wakan4 ,?is t]m expresses inf9ite w2 x is1 z ,miss ,flet*] tells u1 8! deification ( t peculi> quality or p[] ( :i* man is consci\s )9 himself z direct+ 8 own acts or will+ a c\rse to br+ ab\t c]ta9 results40 ,f ! ^w wac91 w1 are d]iv$ ! t]ms = :at we call 8telepa?y10 a belief 9 :i* is nigh univ]sal 9 primitive cults2 = intellig5ce or m5tality2 & = ! sacr$ dance4#ej ,:ile ! mean+ ( wakan 9 ,dakota is well def9$1 its d]ivation is unc]ta94 ,x is s+ul> t precisely ! same ^w ) ! same mean+ reappe>s 9 ! ,qui*ua & ,aym>a languages ( ! int]ior ( ,p]u4 ,x is !re appli$ to ev]y?+ :i* is extraord9>y or imm5se1 out ( ! c\rse ( nature1 & especially to ev]y?+ sacr$ or div9e4 ,x 0 n a deity1 b express$ ! deific p[] believ$ to be pres5t 9 m51 animals1 or ?+s4#ea ,! id5tity ( ! two words is probably no m]e co9cid5ce1 nor is ! "o borr[$ f ! o!r4 ,9 ,qui*ua wakan expresses ! s\nd *>act]i/ic ( any animal1 z allco wakan1 ! dog h[ls1 huallpa wakan ! cock cr[s1 & ?is 9 turn is d]iv$ f ! int]jection ( surprise or a/oni%m5t or admiration1 hua4 ,x 0 t :i* 0 employ$ 9 ! sacr$ invocations4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! ,engli% ^w 8,god0 is trac$ by ,aryan s*ol>s ?r\gh ! ,go?ic gu? to ! ,sanscrit v]b hua to call ^u1 to invoke 7pa/ p>ticiple1 hu?a71 ! same primitive int]jection 9 v]bal =m2 & ! holy "n ( ! ,hebrews1 ,yahve1 is n[ believ$ to be t ( ! ,*aldean god ( ! e>?1 wat]s1 & f]tility1 9 ^: "n ,e1 ,ya1 or ,yah1 we recognize a cognate int]jection or refra91 ! same :i*1 %\t$ 9 ! orgia/ic rites1 gave ! "n1 ,bac*us or ,ia*us4#eb ,turn+ to ! isl& _w ( ! ,pacific we f9d ?r\gh its c\ntless gr\ps ( sunny isles ! imp]sonal ,div9e express$ by "o g5]al t]m1 mana4 ,! natives believ$ 9 ! ag5cy ( dep>t$ s\ls & also ( spirits ( indep5d5t orig9 7vui72 b ! sup]natural p[] ?r\gh :i* bo? act$ on nature or ev5ts 0 ?is mana4 ,if a man prosp]$ 9 8 affairs & ga9$ influ5ce 9 ! tribe1 x 0 n by 8 own ef=ts1 b because he _h mana2 precisely z pi\s p]sons among ourselves attribute _! prosp]ity & t ( _! wor?y neighbors to ! fav\r ( ! ,"l4 ,! orig9al mean+ ( mana appe>s to be 8t :i* is )9 "o10 &1 lat]1 ! intellig5ce on m9d1 :5ce p[] or might1 z ! expressions ( ,w appli$ to ! concept ( univ]sal life & motion4#ec ,^! words1 ,i repeat1 d n convey any idea ( p]sonality4 ,!y are n evid5ces ( a primitive mono!ism1 z has (t5 be5 claim$4 ,!y1 & all l !m1 are vague1 indef9ite t]ms = ! sup]natural1 t :i* 0 inexplicable by ! limit$ k ( ! mo/ ignorant ( our species4#ed ,! m$ia ( sugge/ion act prim>ily ?r\gh ! emotions1 & 9 ! religi\s sugge/ion ^? emotions especially are conc]n$ :i* give rise to ?\ghts conc]n+ ! sup]-s5su\s & ! manife/ation ( p[]4 ,b none ( ^! emotions 9 itself1 nei!r fe>1 hope1 awe1 wond]1 nor any o!r1 has ! p[] to evoke ! notion ( ! sup]natural4 ,x arises f ^? deep] intellectual traits :i* are peculi>ly human4 ,yet x is true t su* emotions are pot5t /imuli to ^? =ms ( sugge/ion :i* lead up to ! religi\s feel+s2 !y are "p ( !m1 & :at ar\ses & incites ^?1 develops & /r5g!ns ^!2 & !y ?us h _! place z sugge/ive accessories4 ,to ! savage1 all nature te/ifies to ! pres5ce ( ! my/]i\s p[] :i* is beh9d its =ms & motions4 ,he sees ! ,div9e ev]y:]e4 ,b f ?is multitude ( impressions :i* excit$ him to religi\s ?\ght we may sep>ate a limit$ numb] z beyond o!rs pot5t & univ]sal4 ,^! are special /imuli to ! religi\s emotions4 ,!y are five 9 numb]3 #a4 ,dream+ & alli$ conditions4 #b4 ,! appreh5sion ( ,life & ,dea?1 f :i* arises ! notion ( ! ,s\l4 #c4 ,! p]ception ( ,light & ,d>kness4 #d4 ,! obs]vation ( ,extraord9>y ,exhibitions ( ,=ce4 #e4 ,! impression ( ,va/ness4 #a4 ,a l9e ( ,lucretius ass]ts t 8! dreams ( m5 peopl$ ! heav5 ) gods40 ,we h a "r to reply t if dreams alone give u ! gods1 :y are !y abs5t f ! lives ( dogs1 :o are vivid dream]s8 ,c]ta9 x is1 h[ev]1 t among all savage tribes dreams are reg>d$ z a "p ( ! exp]i5ce ( life4 ,to primitive man1 !y are real3 he sees & he>s 9 !m z he does 9 8 wak+ h\rs2 he does n di/+ui% betwe5 ! subjective creation ( 8 bra9 cells & objective exi/5ce4 ,9 :at !y diff] f daily life1 !y are div9e4 ,!y reveal ! future & summon ! abs5t4 ,! ,kams*atkans1 we are told1 ga!r toge!r e morn+ to n>rate _! dreams & to guess at _! int]pretation4 ,( ! ,eskimos x is /at$ t _! daily lives 8are to a great ext5t guid$ by _! dreams40 ,! ,bororo ( ,brazil take a dream s lit]ally t a :ole village w decamp & seek a di/ant site1 if "o dreams ( ! approa* ( an enemy4#ee ,! physiological "* ( dreams easily expla9s ! sup]/iti\s att5tion !y h receiv$ 9 all ages & nations4 ,! abs5ce ( ext]nal impressions dur+ sleep fav\rs ! rise ( unconsci\s m5tal action into consci\sness4 ,9 !m memory is (t5 m active ?an :ile wak+2 our p]sonality seems d\bl$1 because x has no long] ! w to react aga9/ ! ?rongs ( v>i$ impressions :i* arise4 ,! emotions 9 sleep are excitable1 & bo? fe> & joy are (t5 m int5se ?an :5 awake4 ,add to ?is t _m p]sons1 especially ^? ( n]v\s temp]am5t1 are subject to peculi>ly vivid illusions dur+ ! mom5ts betwe5 wak+ & sleep+1 :i* seem to belong z mu* to ! =m] z to ! latt] conditions1#ef & we h reasons en\gh = ! "p !y play 9 primitive religions4 ,!re are reasons = believ+ t ! dreams ( rud] races are m vivid ?an our own1 m l pictures & realities4#eg ,!y c]ta9ly d n draw ! l9e s %>ply betwe5 ! sights & s\nds ( sleep+ & wak+ z we d4 ,) wide-op5 eyes !y see spectres & app>itions1 su* z are n unkn[n1 b are ev] gr[+ sc>c]1 9 civilis$ l&s4 ,^! wak+ visions are assidu\sly cultivat$1 & become1 z ,i h already said1 ! *ief bond betwe5 man & div9ity4#eh ,n only by fa/+1 solitude1 & int5se expectation c5tr$ on ! expect$ revelation1 is x br\ght into reality1 b 9 ne>ly e savage tribe we f9d a k ( n>cotic plants :i* 7 employ$ to induce /range & vivid halluc9ations or dreams4 ,! negroes ( ! ,nig] _h _! 8feti% wat]10 ! ,creek ,indians ( ,florida _! 8black dr9k10 = ?is purpose4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! natives smok$ /ramonium1 ! ,mexican tribes swall[$ ! peyotl & ! snake-plant1 ! tribes ( ,cali=nia & ! ,samoy$s ( ,sib]ia _h f\nd a poison\s toad/ool2--all to br+ ab\t communion ) ! ,div9e & to induce ec/atic visions4#ei ,:atev] ! means employ$1 _! aim 0 ev]y:]e ! same1 & 0 direct$ prim>ily & ess5tially t[>ds ! excitation ( ! religi\s emotions1 t[>ds secur+ a revelation ( ! w ( ! gods4 ,?us x came t ! :ole ( life1 wak+ & sleep+1 assum$ a dreamy1 unreal "*4 ,! travell] ,spix says ( ! =e/ tribes ( ,brazil t !y nev] seem fully awake2 & a ,pawnee w> song beg9s by an appeal to ! gods to decide if ?is life itself is aught b a dream4#fj ,! anci5t ,mexicans _h develop$ ! doctr9e t ?is life is a dream & t dea? is ! awak5+1 ! pass+ into a liv+ condition4 ,!y spoke ( dy+ z ! appe>ance ( ! dawn1 & ! approa* ( light4 ,?is is closely ak9 to t doctr9e ( my1 or ! unreality ( ! duality ( ! subject & object1 :i* 8is ! v life ( ! primitive ,ea/ ,indian philosophy40#fa ,! influ5ce :i* su* a view mu/ h ex]t$ on ! religi\s ?\ght ( a nation is manife/4 #b4 ,! "q has be5 discuss$ by "s philosoph]s :e!r ! idea ( ,life is ant]ior 9 ! human m9d to t ( ,dea?4 ,_h !y /udi$ ! beliefs ( primitive peoples1 _! d\bts w\ld h disappe>$4 ,! savage kn[s n dea? z a natural occurr5ce4 ,8 language has no ^w mean+ 8to die10 b only 8to be kill$40 ,disease is an unse5 %aft1 or ! "w ( a malignant sorc]]4 ,to him1 all ?+s live & live =ev]4 ,ea* bird1 ea* bu%1 ea* rock has its own vital pr9ciple4 ,by reason ( ! consci\sness ( 8 own liv+ ,self1 he imputes life to all ar\nd him1 b 9 a high] degree & ( "s r>] quality to ^? exi/5ces :i* he holds z 8 deities4 ,8 god is supremely a liv+ god1 ! s\rce ( ,life1 its creator1 pres]v]1 & su/a9]4 ,if we seek ! recondite mean+ hidd5 beh9d ! two words :i* ?r\gh\t ,polynesia express$ 9 its mo/ g5]al s5se ! concept ( ! ,div9e1 io1 & atua1 we discov] t x is 9 bo? 8! c5tral cause or ess5tiality ( ,life40#fb ,s among ! ,indians ( ,mi*oacan ! epi!t ( ! *ief goddess ( _! cult 01 8,! ,su/a9] ( ,life02 ! highe/ div9ity ( ! ,aztecs 0 ,tonacatecutli1 8,god ( ,our ,life02 & 9 ! ,muskoghean tribes ,8 "n 0 8,! ,ma/] ( ,life40 ,s full1 ,i say1 0 ! m9d ( primitive man ) ! vision ( univ]sal & immortal life1 t to him !re 0 no su* ?+ z dea?4 ,! fact1 inde$1 rema9$4 ,! tree 0 %rivell$ by ! lightn+1 ! brute fell by ! arr[1 man himself gasp$ 8 la/ brea? & lay an in]t mass4 ,! lov$ *ild1 ! w>rior h]o1 pass$ out ( sight to ! unse5 beyond4 ,b n =ev]6 ,no6 ,!y hov]$ ar\nd ! famili> spot1 !y visit$ ! liv+ 9 dreams1 _! voices 7 he>d 9 ! ru/l+ leaves & ! fall+ wat]s4 ,n only m51 b all ?+s liv$ aga94 ,9 ! my?ology ( ! ,vitians !re is a heav5 ev5 = cocoanuts6 ,to ! ,kams*atkans ! smalle/ flies h s\ls :i* are immortal4#fc ,?is is ! doctr9e ( s\ls1 ! s\rce ( ^? innum]able beliefs & rites :i* are c5tr$ ar\nd ! sepul*re1 s solemn1 s pr(\ndly significant1 t _m writ]s h ma9ta9$ t 8religion began1 :5 ! liv+ ?\ght s]i\sly ( ! dead02 t 8all religions h cry/allis$ ar\nd ! tomb02 & t 9 ! propitiation ( dep>t$ s\ls1 9 ! wor%ip ( ! spirits ( ance/ors1 & 9 ! prep>ation 9 ?is life = ano!r beyond ! grave1 ! :ole aim & ess5ce ( religion are embrac$4#fd ,i h already said t ?is is a ha/y ass]tion1 = !re are religions :i* recognise a s\l sc>cely or at all2 b !y are n ( a primitive "*4#fe ,9 ! latt]1 "s su* belief is univ]sally %[n ei!r by ! treatm5t ( ! corpse1 or ! modes ( m\rn+ = ! dead1 or by my?s conc]n+ ! life & actions ( ! dep>t$4 ,x is g5]ally held t ! s\l is multiple1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r be+ assign$ to a p]son4 ,"o or m ( ^! may p]i% ) ! body1 or %ortly aft]w>ds2 b "o at lea/ survives indef9itely1 & conc]ns itself ) ! do+s ( ^? x has left beh9d 9 life4 ,its p[]s = good & evil are increas$ by its translation to ano!r sph]e ( exi/5ce2 & to secure its assi/ance1 or at lea/ its neutrality1 is ! aim ( t cult ( ! dep>t$ s\ls & ( ! spirits ( ance/ors :i* is s widely def9$ 9 primitive conditions4 ,!y are n id5tical1 & we f9d 9 _m tribes mu* att5tion paid to conciliat+ ! s\ls ( ! dead :]e ance/or wor%ip is unkn[n4 ,9 fact1 ! =m] is ! old] & m g5]al obs]vance4 ,! aim is to get rid ( ! s\l1 to put x to re/ or s5d x on its j\rney to a bett] l&1 o!rwise x w annoy ! survivors4#ff ,9 _m primitive tribes1 !re=e1 !re is little fe> ( dea?4 ,! s\l leaves ! body 9 sleep to w&] ov] ! e>?1 & ! only diff]5ce ( dea? is t x does n return 9 "t4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! s\l ( ! liv+ c visit ! realms ( ! dead4 ,! ,coman*es knew ( m5 :o _h sp5t two days look+ at ! :ite t5ts ( ! encampm5t ( s\ls f> we/ "u ! sett+ sun2 & ! ,zui mo!rs :o _h lo/ _! little d>l+s are reconcil$ by be+ ca/ into a deep sleep1 dur+ :i* !y g & see !m 9 ! my/ic _w beyond4 ,s also believe ! ,au/ralians & numb]less o!r tribes4#fg ,we ne$ n look = any def9it5ess ( /atem5t z to :at ! s\l is4 ,9 _m tribes ! ^w = x is ak9 to t = brea?1 z 9 our own expression1 8! brea? ( life40 ,frequ5tly x is id5tifi$ ) ! %ad[1 z among ! ,zulus ( ,africa1 & ! ,eskimos1 ,algonqu9s1 & ,qui*es ( ,am]ica4 ,o!rs1 z ! ,m9copies 7,&aman ,isl&s71 ?9k !y see x 9 ! reflection ( ! body 9 /ill wat] or a mirror4 ,! ,au/ralians ass]t t x is a mi/1 fog1 or smoke1 etc4 ,^! ideas are1 ( c\rse1 mat]ial4 ,!y impute to ! s\l simil> wants to t ( ! corporeal man4 ,x desires a dwell+1 ne$s food1 takes visible =ms1 & ! l2 b also x is end[$ ) faculties transc5d+ ^? x possess$ 9 ! fle%1 & ^! may be direct$ to ! b5efit or ! injury ( ! survivors4 ,!re=e its wants %\ld be gratifi$1 & its temp] conciliat$ by (f]+s & appropriate fun]al rites4#fh #c4 ,i turn n[ to a p]ception ( ! primitive man1 a contra/ ( impressions on 8 s5ses1 m pot5t1 ,i believe1 ?an ev5 ! immeasurable "o ( ,life & ,dea?4 ,x is ,light & ,d>kness4 ,?is univ]sal1 ev] recurr+ *ange 9 nature controll$ all 8 actions1 & react$ z a p[]ful /imulus on 8 religi\s emotions4 ,i c\ld almo/ be will+ to subscribe to ! expression ( a ,g]man writ] t 8! adoration ( ,light 0 ! f\ndation ( all religion40#fi ,! rude litanies ( paganism all ov] ! _w seem to jo9 9 ! solemn *ant ( ! ,evangeli/--8,god is ,light1 & 9 ,him is no d>kness at all40 ,we may beg9 ) ! ,au/ralian ,blacks1 :o av]r$ ! supreme div9ity lives 9 keladi1 et]nal brightness1 up above ! sky4 ,8 "n is ,baiame1 mean+ 8! mak]0 or 8! cutt] out10 z "o cuts out patt]ns f a sk94 ,he sees & kn[s all ?+s4#gj ,?r\gh mo/ ( ,polynesia1 ! *ief deity 0 ,ka-ne1 :i* means sunlight1 ! opposite ( d>kness1 & is alli$ to ! v]b kanea1 to see4 ,ano!r "n = ,ka-ne is ,tangaloa1 ! "l ( light4 ,! col\r r$ is sacr$ to him1 he 0 portray$ ) long blond hair1 & *ildr5 :o _h light hair or 7 alb9os 7 deem$ 8 prog5y4 ,:5 ! fair-sk9n$ ,europeans fir/ l&$ on ! isl&s !y 7 call$ ! 8*ildr5 ( ,tangaloa40#ga ,sometimes ! my?s repres5t ,tangaloa z ! son ( ,vatea 7,avatea1 ,wakea71 8noon0 or 8noon-day40 ,he 0 fa!r ( gods & man1 half man1 half fi%1 to typify l& & wat]1 & x 0 said ( him t 8 "r eye 0 ! sun1 8 left ! moon4 ,s f> remov$ 0 he t no wor%ip 0 ev] paid him1 & no repres5tation made ( him4#gb ,if we turn to ! extremely savage inhabitants ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s1 a remnant ( ! anci5t1 almo/ pygmy1 black race ( ,s\!rn ,asia1 we f9d t _! supreme be+ is ,puluga1 ! creator ( all ?+s1 :o 0 nev] born & w nev] die4 ,he is invisible1 b ( ! nature ( light2 he lives 9 ! sky1 & plac$ !re ! sun & moon4 ,he is omnisci5t1 b only :ile x is day1 :5 he c see4#gc ,z ! r$ rays ( ! morn+ & ev5+ light caus$ 9 ,polynesia all ?+s r$ to be sacr$ to ,tangaloa1 s among ! ,hott5tots ( ,s\? ,africa _! supreme be+ 0 nam$ ,tsuni ,goab1 ! r$ light ( ! ,dawn1 :o 9 my?ology /ood 9 opposition to ,gaunah1 ! ,d>k ,sky4#gd ,?is wor%ip ( light has sev]al con/ant associations 9 religi\s ?\ght :i* f9d expression 9 ! my? & cult4 ,9 nature1 light is a pot5t /imulus ( organic gr[?1 & ?is fact1 obscurely appreh5d$ by ! primitive m9d1 l$ to ! equival5ce ( ,light & ,life4 ,light z ! vital pr9ciple recurs 9 mo/ my?ologies4 ,z we obta9 light artificially f fire1 ^: g5]al w>m? also is ak9 to t ( ! liv+ z contra/$ to ! dead body1 ! s\l or liv+ elem5t 0 alli$ to flame4 ,9 anci5t ,g]man my?ology ! s\l 0 call$ a tor* or tap] 7,j4 ,grimm71 & 9 ! beliefs ( ! ,polynesians & ,am]ican ,indians ! gho/s ( ! dead usually appe> z lum9\s masses4#ge ,all w rememb] ! words ( ,o!llo-- 8,put out ! light1 & !n1--put out ! light60 ,a second association ( light 0 ) ! sky1 9 day ! home ( ! bright sun1 at night :]e glitt] a ?\s& po9ts ( brilliancy4 ,9 mo/ my?ologies ! sky is suppos$ to be a solid1 %9+ ar* or dome :i* cov]s ! e>? l a ro(4 ,^u x1 out ( sight to mortal eyes1 live ! gods4 ,x con/itutes ! 8,hill ( ,heav510 ! cele/ial m\nta9 ^u :i* are ! homes ( ! div9e be+s4 ,s x is (t lik5$ to "s kn[n t]re/rial elevation1 z 9 ,greek my?ology1 ,mt4 ,olympus1 & 9 t ( ,india1 ,mt4 ,m]u4 ,su* sacr$ hills are m5tion$ by mo/ ( ! ,am]ican tribes4#gf ,9 ,polynesian my? x 0 8! blue m\nta91 ! l& ( ! div9e wat]10 a fluid ( su* vital virtue t 7 ev5 a dead man spr9kl$ ) x he w\ld come to life4 ,on ! isl& ( ,mangaia a c]ta9 hill 0 po9t$ out :i* 9 old times propp$ up ! sky4#gg ,! ,tehuel*es ( ,patagonia relate t ! ,creator fir/ m\ld$ m5 & all animals on ! 8,hill ( ,god0 & !n set !m loose to p ! e>?4 ,! natives ( ,s\!rn ,borneo assign to _! supreme div9ity ,atala a home 9 ! highe/ heav51 on ! %ore ( ! 8cele/ial lake1 mov$ by ! ,moon & surr\nd+ ! ,sun40 ,homi1 ! high heav51 is ! deity ( ! ,hott5tots1 :o p\rs ! ra9s1 bl[s ! w9d1 & s5ds heat & cold on e>?4#gh ,?us x is t ev]y:]e ! ,sky ,god is also ! ,high ,god4 ,?is bl5d+ ( ! ideas ( life & light ) ! sky l$ to ano!r & obvi\s association :i* has left its m>k on e religion1 primitive or develop$4 ,! sky is1 9 direction1 above u4 ,! god ( ! sky is !re=e ! god on high4 ,he is ! "o :o dwells above1 our "l 9 ! heav54 ,?is he is 9 all my?ologies4 ,among ! ,indians ( ! pla9s he is 7or1 ,x is7 8! great m$ic9e above10 & 9 ! sign language1 to indicate ?is1 :5 ! sign is made = 8m$ic9e0 7my/]y7 ! f+] is po9t$ to ! z5i?4#gi ,! ,puluga ( ! ,&amanese 8lives 9 ! sky40 ,tangaloa is address$ z 8,he above 9 ! heav5s02 ! ,f9ni% ,ukko is also call$ 8,! ,navel ( ! ,sky10 & s on4#hj ,examples are innum]able4 ,b :at ne$ ( collect+ !m8 ,d we n ourselves con/antly use ! adjective ! ,supreme ,be+1 = ,god1 :i* means simply ! highe/ be+8 ,& did n ! f\nd] ( our religion =bid 8 foll[]s to swe> by ! sky1 giv+ z ! reason t x 0 ! ?rone ( ,god1 :o sitte? ^u x8#ha ,?is idea runs ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 tea*+s4 ,9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w ! same t]m1 1 or1 z a descriptive t]m ( div9ity1 is appli$ n less ?an eighty-eight times2 & 9 ! fir/ clause ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 x is to 8,our ,fa!r 9 ! ,skies10 t ! invocation is address$4 ,/range t ?is v ^w 1 9 ,sanscrit ,u>una1 is t :i*1 9 ! primitive religion ( ! ,aryan peoples1 0 appli$ to ! mo/ exalt$ ( _! gods1 to him 8^: realm is above u10 8! v /rong10 8! %9+ "o10 8! k+ ( sky & e>?10 8creator ( all1 ! e>?-envelop+ sky40#hb ,:at m /rik+ evid5ce d we wi% ( ! indissoluble unity ( religi\s ?\ght1 no matt] :at its /age ( developm5t1 9 all c5turies & all races8 ,9 ! ,polynesian my?ology1 ,tangaloa1 ! bright daylight1 has z 8 bro!r1 ,rongo1 ! god ( d>kness & night4 ,tangaloa is fair-hair$ & light 9 hue1 ,rongo is black 9 hair & sk94 ,tangaloa is b5efic5t1 ! disp5s] ( good1 & inv5tor ( ! arts ( peace2 ,rongo is ! fom5t] ( /rife1 ! god ( w> & au?or ( blood%$4 ,9 accordance ) ^!1 all ! gods 7 class$ 9 two ord]s1 8dwell]s 9 day10 & 8dwell]s 9 night40#hc ,! contra/ :i* is "h pres5t$ prevails ?r\gh\t e>ly cults4 ,! night1 :5 man1 depriv$ ( light & sight1 becomes ! prey ( /eal?y bea/s1 0 ev]y:]e consid]$ ! "t :5 ! unse5 p[]s ( de/ruction are let loose & ! malevol5t ag5cies ( ! _s-_w run riot4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ primitive ( religi\s beliefs & is discov]$ 9 ! rude/ tribes4 ,! ,yahgans ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego say t ! invisible spirits g ab\t at night2 ! ,au/ralian tribes ev]y:]e manife/$ a deep dread ( ! d>kness1 n l ! unconsci\s %udd]+ ( a *ild on ent]+ a d>k room1 b because !y believ$ spirits walk$ 9 ! gloom seek+ :om !y c\ld dev\r4 ,x is !n1 said !y1 t ,cu*i 7,koot*e7 goes =?1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( a snake or "s nocturnal bird4 ,he x is :o causes sickness among m54 ,! ?und] is ! gr[l ( 8 ang]1 ! :irlw9ds 8 brea?1 & ! aurora au/ralis ! fitful light ( 8 camp fire4#hd ,associat$ ) ! gloom ( night1 0 ! d>kness ( ! /orm1 :i* 9 _m my?ologies is contra/$ ) ! sun%9e 9 "s div9e /ruggle4 ,endless are ! tales & rites :i* be> ^u ?is conte/ 9 e>ly religions4 ,inde$1 accord+ to "s1 !y are ! *ief /aple ( all my?ologies4#he #d4 ,i h already m5tion$ t ! idea ( ,p[] is "o ( ! fir/ to be connect$ ) deity4 ,! god is "o :o c d m ?an man4 ,especially any sudd5 & /rik+ display ( =ce1 ei!r 9 ! mat]ial or immat]ial _w1 /imulates ! religi\s s5se4 ,! hi/orian ,buckle claim$ t ! inhabitants ( c\ntries subject to e>?quakes are peculi>ly sup]/iti\s4 ,9 my?s & names1 ! hurricane ( ! tropics1 ! /orm-w9ds ( high] latitudes1 inde$ all sudd5 & trem5d\s outbreaks ( natural viol5ce1 are reg>d$ z exhibitions ( div9e ,p[]4 ,notably is ?is ! case ) ! ?und] /orm4 ,t manife/ation ( trem5d\s p[] has excit$ ! religi\s feel+s ( all races4 ,moreov]1 ! highly *>g$ electrical atmosph]e ex]ts a special influ5ce on ! n]v\s sy/em1 pr$ispos+ x to emotional outbreaks4 ,! roll & rev]b]ation ( ! ?und]1 ! zigzag fla% & de/ructive bl[ ( ! lightn+ & ! ro> ( ! tempe/1 comb9e to pres5t ! ph5om5on z a manife/ display ( sup]natural p[]4 ,h5ce 9 innum]able tribes ! ?und] god 0 id5tifi$ )1 or 0 ! pe] (1 ! highe/ 9 ! ,pan!on4#hf ,! same is true ( pot5t & co]cive m5tal traits4 ,_! possessors are reg>d$ z p>tak+ ( ! deific be+ to a great] ext5t ?an o!rs1 or ev5 actually div9e4 ,x is n m]ely t !y excite ! emotion ( fe>4 ,t is a %all[ int]pretation ( ! psy*ic process4 ,und]ly+ x is ! deep] sugge/ion ( en]gy1 ( action1 ( ! spiritual ma/]y ( mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,?is is z real1 ?\gh n s cle>1 9 ! m9d ( ! savage z 9 t ( ! philosoph]4 ,?is is also se5 9 ! names & titles appli$ to ! concept ( ,div9ity by all nations4 ,!y speak ( ,god 8,all-mighty10 ! 8,omnipot5t ,rul]02 & ev] ! attribute ( indef9ite p[] belongs to ! great gods4 ,9 e>ly religions ! manife/ations ( p[] are p]sonifi$ z s+le deities4 ,we ?us f9d 9 native ,am]ican my?s ! figures ( ,huracan1 ! hurricane2 ,huemac1 ! ,/rong ,h&1 god ( e>?quakes1 & numb]less ?und]1 lightn+1 & /orm gods4 #e4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ by a ,g]man hi/orian t ! ri*e/ developm5t ( e>ly poetry has be5 f\nd among tribes dwell+ by ! ocean or among m\nta9s2 & ano!r writ] has claim$ t ! mo/ rapid developm5t ( religions has tak5 place :]e ! broad expanses ( des]ts or seas h /imulat$ ! m9d to contemplation ( spacial magnitude on e>? & 9 ! sky4#hg ,! languages ( primitive peoples be> traces ( ?is4 ,9 ! ,aztec tongue any wide level prairie is call$ teotlalli1 godl&2 & ! ocean1 teoatl1 godwat]2 among ! ,p]uvians ! t]m huaca1 holy1 is synonym\s ) 8va/0 or 8imm5se40 ,) ! ,polynesians taula1 ! ocean space1 is ! home ( ! gods & :]e ! s\ls g at dea?4 ,! travell] ,ca/r5 once /ood on ! %ore ( ! ,arctic ,ocean ) a ,samoy$4 ,turn+ to ! native1 he ask$1 8:]e is ,num80 7_! *ief god74 8,!re10 in/antly repli$ ! ,samoy$1 wav+ 8 h& t[>d :]e 8loom$ ! d>k broad sea40#hh ,9 _m cults ?is idea is attempt$ expression by assign+ to deities hug5ess ( size4 ,! colossal /one images ( ,ea/] ,isl&1 ! huge /atues ( ! ,maoris1 are endeav\rs to pres5t x to ! s5ses4 ,9 m develop$ fai?s ! same t5d5cy prevails4 ,! ,buddhi/s rival ea* o!r 9 con/ruct+ enorm\s /atues ( ,sakya ,muni2 9 ! ,sanscrit ,upani%ads1 ,aditi1 :o repres5ts ! endless visible expanse1 is t]m$ 8"m & fa!r ( all gods & m51 ! sub/ance ( :atev] has be5 or %all be born0#hi2 & accord+ to "s ,mahomm$an writ]s1 ,god is s great t x is #gb1jjj days' j\rney betwe5 8 eyes6 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are "s ( ! pot5t /imuli :i* /ir ! dep?s ( man's psy*ical nature1 awak5+ 9 him ! belief 9 unkn[n p[]s f> beyond 8 ability to measure or to cope )4 ,n f any consci\s act ( intellig5ce1 n f any process ( volunt>y reason+1 is t belief born1 b f ! unkn[n1 ! unplumb$ abyss ( ! sub-consci\s m9d4 ,let n ?is be consid]$ z some?+ degrad+ to ! religi\s conceptions !mselves4 ,?\gh all are drawn f out ! human _s itself1 & are n[ise ! direct revelations _! believ]s ?9k !m1 yet :o d>e measure ! height & ! dep? ( ! sub-consci\s intellig5ce8 ,x draws its k f s\rces :i* elude sci5tific rese>*1 f ! /range p[]s :i* we p]ceive 9 insects & o!r l[] animals1 almo/1 b n :olly1 oblit]at$ 9 ! human l9e ( organic desc5t2 & f o!rs1 n[ m]ely nasc5t or embryonic1 new s5ses1 de/9$ 9 "s f> (f on to end[ our po/]ity ) faculties z wondr\s to u z w\ld be sight to ! sightless4 ,m ?an ?is3 ! tea*+s ( ! sev]e/ sci5ce tell u t ,matt] is1 9 its la/ analysis1 ,motion1 & t motion is n\ght else ?an ,m9d#ij2 & :o d>e d5y t 9 _! unconsci\s functions our m9ds may cat* "s ov]tones1 z x 71 f ! h>monies ( ! ,univ]sal ,intellig5ce ?us demon/rat$ by inductive rese>*1 & vibrate 9 unison !re)8 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,primitive ,religi\s ,expression3 9 ! ,^w4 ,,cont5ts3--,an ,e*o ,my?--,! ,p[] ( ,words--,_! ,magical ,pot5cy--,! ,curse--,p[] ,indep5d5t ( ,mean+--,! ,"n z an ,attribute--,! ,sacr$ ,names--,! ,ineffable ,"n--8,myrionom\s0 ,gods--8,!ophor\s0 ,names--,sugge/ion & ,repetition z ,/imulants--,i4 ,! ,^w to ! gods3 ,pray]--,its ,=ms1 ,cont5ts1 & ,aims--,,ii4 ,! ,^w f ! gods3 ,! ,law & ! ,prophecy--,! ,c]emonial ,law1 or tabu--,examples--,div9ation & ,pr$iction--,,iii4 ,! ,^w conc]n+ ! gods3 ,! ,my?s--,_! ,s\rces *iefly ,psy*ic--,"s f ,language--,examples--,transf]5ce--,simi l>ities--,! ,univ]sal ,my?ical ,cycles3 #a4 ,! ,cosmical ,concepts2 #b4 ,! ,sacr$ ,numb]s2 #c4 ,! ,drama ( ! ,univ]se2 ,creation & ,deluge ,my?s2 #d4 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 #e4 ,! ,conflict ( ,nature2 #f4 ,! ,return+ ,savi\r2 #g4 ,! ,j\rney ( ! ,s\l--,conclusion z to ^! ,id5tities4 ,!re is a pleasant my? told by ! inhabitants ( ! isl& ( ,mangaia 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,:5 ! ,creator ( all ?+s _h ord]$ ! solid l& to rise f ! primeval wat]s1 he walk$ abroad to survey 8 "w4 8,x is good10 said he al\d to himself4 8,good10 answ]$ an e*o f a neighb\r+ hill4 8,:at60 exclaim$ ! ,creator4 8,is "s "o "h already8 ,am n ,i fir/80 8,i fir/10 answ]$ ! e*o4 ,!re=e ! ,mangaians ass]t t e>lie/ ( all exi/5ces is ! bodiless ,voice4#ia ,x is _! way ( say+1 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w40 ,n only may we call x ! fir/1 x is also ! mightie/ ( ! unse5 ag5cies :i* m\ld man & 8 de/9ies4 8,p[] ov] m510 rem>ks ,c\nt ,tol/o 9 "o ( 8 essays1 8lies n 9 mat]ial =ce1 b 9 ?\ght & its cle> expression40 ,disraeli1 t subtle/ ( diplomats1 once said1 8,we gov]n m5 )--words40 ,no idea c be cle>ly convey$ to ano!r unless !re is a ^w to express x4 ,inw>d ?\ght & outw>d utt]ance are ! correlat$ conditions ( intellig5t advancem5t4 ,! spok5 ^w evokes 9 ! m9d ( ! he>] ! picture1 ! emotion1 ! reason+1 :i* is occupy+ our own4 ,a ?\s& m9ds are br\ght in/antly to be> on ! same ?\ght by ! words 9 ! m\? ( "o4 ,i _c place too high ! in/ant & magical effect ( ! ^w4 ,n only does x convey a new ?\ght to ! m9d1 b x is itself ! begett] ( ?\ght4 ,x is a se$ s[n1 :i* gr[s & bran*es1 be>+ fl[] & fruit1 beaute\s & ev]la/+1 or noxi\s & de/ructive4 ,?r\gh ! faculty ( spee*1 social life becomes possible2 on x dep5ds ! sweet int]*ange ( s\ls2 by x we are l$ to ?9k 9 unison2 ?r\gh x we %>e ! m$itations ( ! philosoph]1 & ! inspir$ visions ( ! poet & ! prophet4 ,if !re is any way 9 :i* ! spirits ( ! sky & air1 ! ho/s ( ! ,div9e1 c t\* & tea* our s\ls1 x mu/ be *iefly ?r\gh ! spok5 ^w4 ,e religion ( ! _w be>s witness to ?is4 ,!re is no o!r elem5t 9 !m 9 :i* all jo9 ) l unanimity4 ,f ! rude/ to ! ripe/ !y e*o ! v]se ( ! evangeli/ philosoph] :5 he wrote3 8,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god40 ,! highe/ tea*+s ( !m all are express$ 9 ! =mula3 8,& ! ^w ( ! ,"l came say+--0 ,we may g back to ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! anci5t ,egyptian religion1 & we f9d ! doctr9e t ! man :o _h le>n$ & c\ld pron\nce ! div9e words reveal$ ?r\gh ! god ,?o? 7,?\ght1 ,m9d71 by _! utt]ance w\ld be elevat$ to ! god1 & be bl5d$ ) him1 z "o & insep>able4 8,! prim>y idea conc]n+ ! ritual =mulas 0 assimilation to ,god1 br\ght ab\t by ! p[] ( ! words !mselves40#ib ,probably 9 all primitive fai?s ! ^w is reg>d$ z a magical p[] 9 itself4 ,9 ,egypt x 0 believ$ t by words ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! gods c\ld be made ob$i5t to ! w ( man4 ,by !m1 z exorcisms or incantations ev]y:]e1 demons c\ld be loos$ or b\nd1 & spirits summon$ f ! va/y deep4 ,! /ock 9 trade ( ! ,indian m$ic9e-man is pr9cipally 8 /ore ( exorcisms1 & among ! ,goras ( ,nor?-,we/]n ,india any "o c become a prie/ :o w le>n ! =mulas :i* compel ! demons4#ic ,our ^w 8*>m0 comes f ! ,lat9 c>m51 ! sacr$ rhy?mic =mula1 su* z ,virgil av]r$ c\ld by its occult p[] drag ! moon f ! sky4 8,c>m9a vel clo possunt d$uc]e lunam40 ,!re 7 su* songs sc>cely less pot5t among ! ,au/ralian ,blacks1 :i* c\ld summon ! ra9 9 dry seasons or cause x to cease 9 floods4#id ,no demon1 h[ev] malevol5t1 c resi/1 9 _! belief1 ! p[] ( ! "r ^w4 ,! natives ( ,new ,s\? ,wales say t an evil _s 9 ! %ape ( a dw>f ) mon/r\s head roams ! woods at night & dev\rs ^? :om he meets4 ,b if ! man utt]s ! ^w 8,boonbolong10 ! dw>f passes on 8 way & does n h>m him4#ie ,:5 ,jesus 0 9 ,cap]naum1 & at 8 comm& an unclean _s _h gone out ( a man possess$1 ! multitude said "o to ! o!r1-- 1 8,:at is ?is ,^w1 by ! au?ority & might ( :i* ?is man ca/s out devils80 7,luke iv41 #cf47 ,!y believ$ he us$ "s cabali/ic =mula ( exorcism :i* con/ra9$ ! demons to obey 8 w4 ,n[h]e did ! ,^w display its t]rible effect m fe>fully ?an 9 ! curse or imprecation4 ,9 anci5t ,assyria1 writes ,pr(essor ,sayce1 8,! p[] ( ! mamit1 or curse1 0 su* t ! gods !mselves c\ld n transgress x40#if ,n only did x unloose ! demons ( de/ruction1 b x con/ra9$ ! gods aga9/ _! w1 *ang+ !m f protectors to enemies4#ig ,amid savage tribes1 9 und\bt$ & repeat$ in/ances1 ! curse kills z c]ta9ly z a knife4 ,among ! we/]n ,indians ( our c\ntry1 :5 a m$ic9e-man 8ga!rs 8 m$ic9e10 t is1 rises to ! full height ( inspir$ volition1 & utt]s a )]+ curse on 8 antagoni/1 comm&+ him to die1 ! latt] kn[s all hope is lo/4 ,sometimes he drops dead on ! spot1 or at be/ l+]s ?r\gh a few days ( mis]y4#ih ,! ,au/ralians believe t ! curse ( a pot5t magician w kill at ! di/ance ( a hundr$ miles4#ii ,n only is ! ^w ?us mighty 9 ! unse5 _w1 b x is itself ! v efflux & m$ium ( ! div9e p[] itself4 ,?us 9 ! drama ( creation record$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis we read3 8,& ,god said1 #8,light1 be1' & light 002 & 9 ! correspond+ my? ( ! ,qui*e ,indians ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ! mak] ( ! _w calls =?1 ,uleu6 ,e>?6 & at ! ^w ! solid l& grew =?4#ajj ,sir ,george ,grey relates a /ory t 9 ,new ,zeal& !re 0 a huge1 c>v$ wood5 head1 :i* c\ld speak1 & by ! dreadful might ( its words slew all :o approa*$ x4 ,b :5 by sup]ior magic its voice 0 r$uc$ to a :isp]1 its p[] 0 gone & x 0 de/roy$4#aja ,x is to be not$ t ! magical influ5ce ( ! ^w is indep5d5t ( its mean+4 ,x is di/9ctly n ! idea1 image1 or tru? :i* x conveys to :i* is ascrib$ its efficacy4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ pot5t ( all words are ^? :i* h no mean+ at all or ( :i* ! s5se has be5 lo/4 ,?is is con/antly se5 9 ! =mulas ( savage tribes4 ,!y pres]ve ar*aisms ( language no long] und]/ood by ^? :o utt] !m1 & 9 o!r in/ances !y are obvi\sly made up ( syllables /rung toge!r )\t reg>d to intelligibility4 ,! same fact is abundantly %[n 9 ! cabali/ic j>gon ( classical & m$ival div9]s1 & 9 ! *>ms drawn f contempor>y folk-lore4 ,inde$1 ! fam\s cabali/1 ,pico de ,mir&ola1 ass]ts t a ^w )\t mean+ has mo/ influ5ce ov] ! demons4 ,n only "o or a few words may be ?us un9telligible1 b long communications may be 9 articulate s\nds convey+ no ?\ght :atev]4 ,?is is ! 8gift ( tongues10 ! p[] to speak 9 unkn[n languages4 ,x is common 9 savage life4 ,_m ( ! important *ants at ! sacr$ c]emonies are m]e it]ations ( mean+less syllables4 ,! idea w\ld seem to be t :at m5 _c und]/&1 ! gods d2 or else1 t x is ! god express+ himself ?r\gh human organs b 9 a spee* unkn[n to human e>s4 ,bi%op ,gall[ay says t ! *>m songs ( ! ,zulus are (t5 q un9telligible to !mselves#ajb2 & ?is is "o ( _m examples4 ,( all words1 ! mo/ sacr$ is ! ,"n4 ,9 primitive ?\ght1 ! p]sonal "n ( an individual is n m]ely an attribute1 x is an integral "p ( 8 ,self1 8 ,ego4 ,! ,eskimos say t a man consi/s ( ?ree p>ts1 8 body1 8 s\l1 & 8 "n1 & ( ^! ! la/ m5tion$ alone a*ieves immortality4 ,?is seems v advanc$4 ,mo/ ( our ambiti\s m5 appe> to ?9k m ( r5d]+ _! names ?an _! s\ls wor?y ( immortality4 ,v g5]ally1 ! "n 0 associat$ ) ! p]sonal gu>dian _s1 d]iv$ f x or indicat+ x1 & h5ce receiv$ a c]emonial sanctity4#ajc ,z be+ a "p ( oneself1 injury or contumely heap$ ^u a "n react$ ^u ! individual :o bore x1 & ev5 life c\ld be de/roy$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,= ?is reason1 ?r\gh\t ,am]ica ! natives r>ely disclos$ _! real appellations1 b 7 designat$ by nicknames4 ,9 ,au/ralia "s tribes 7 s cauti\s t ! "y m5 on ent]+ adult life r5\nc$ ! names by :i* !y _h be5 kn[n & assum$ no o!r2 :ile a woman pres]v$ inde$ h] appellation1 b no "o except h] husb& 0 entitl$ to pron\nce x4#ajd ,! ,dyaks take ! prud5t precaution1 aft] an attack ( illness1 to *ange _! names2 s t ! demon :o s5t ! sickness may n recognise !m1 & cont9ue 8 malevol5t pursuit4#aje ,9 ,polynesia1 :]e ! "n 0 n ?us conceal$1 x c\ld be appli$1 accord+ to ! c]emonial law1 only to ! p]son1 al?\gh x 0 g5]ally a common n\n4 ,h5ce arose ! curi\s cu/om call$ tepi4 ,all words :i* =m$ "p ( ! "n ( ! *iefta91 & all syllables ( o!r words :i* _h a simil> s\nd 7 dropp$ f ! language & o!rs sub/itut$ = !m dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,?us1 =ty or fifty ( ! mo/ common t]ms ( ! language w\ld drop out ( use at once1 & z _m m be mat]ially *ang$ 9 s\nd1 to ! great annoyance ( mission>ies & visitors4#ajf ,! ,kams*atkans 7 s p>ticul> t !y w\ld n "n ! be> or wolf1 = ^! animals und]/ood ! language ( m51 & w\ld be (f5d$ at su* famili>ity6#ajg ,ev5 if x does n he>1 ! p[] = good or evil :i* a be+ has1 c1 9 primitive op9ion1 be communicat$ ?r\gh its "n4 ,= t reason ! prie/ kn[n z ! flam5 dialis among ! ,romans w\ld n only avoid t\*+ a dog or be>1 b he w\ld n pron\nce _! names1 le/ he %\ld be contam9at$6 ,& to ?is day a ,mohamm$an1 if he pron\nces ! ^w = 8hog10 w spit1 t 8 m\? may n be defil$ by ! "n ( ! unclean bea/4 ,ev5 m univ]sal 0 ! avoidance ( ! names ( ! dead4 ,?is prevail$ ?r\gh\t ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 ,tasmania1 ,polynesia1 & ,am]ica4 ,! reason 01 t ! "n 0 held to be a "p ( ! _s ( ! dep>t$1 & to pron\nce x w\ld di/urb ! re/ ( ! grave1 & probably inde$ br+ ! p]turb$ _s to ! circle ( auditors4#ajh ,if su* 0 ! case ) ! names ( m5 & bea/s1 h[ sacr$ mu/ be ! names ( ! gods6 ,?is is an extraord9>y feature1 common to ! rude/ sup]/itions ( savage & ! mo/ develop$ fai?s ( civilis$ l&s1 & x has = its basis ! conception ( ! "n z a real attribute1 a "p ( ! ,self4 8,9 all ! religions ( anci5t ,asia10 writes ,l5ormant1 8! my/]i\s ,"n 0 consid]$ a real & div9e be+1 :o _h a p]sonal exi/5ce & exclusive p[] ov] bo? nature & ! _w ( spirits40#aji ,9 ! "n dwelt ! ess5tial p[] ( ! deity4 ,an ,egyptian magical =mula1 plac$ 9 ! m\? ( a god1 reads3 8,i am ! elect ( millions ( ye>s4 ,7 my "n spok5 on ! bank ( a riv]1 x w\ld be consum$2 ,7 x utt]$ on e>?1 fire w\ld bur/ f ! gr\nd40#aaj ,! k ( ?is "n by ano!r enabl$ him to ex]t a p[] ov] ! god himself4 ,t by nam+ a demon1 he c be =c$ to appe>1 0 a c>d9al pr9ciple ( anci5t magic4 8,! li/ ( div9e names possess$ by ! ,roman pontiffs 9 _! indigitam5ta 0 _! mo/ efficaci\s magical in/rum5t1 lay+ at _! m]cy all ! =ces ( ! _s _w40#aaa ,= ?is reason1 ! gods ( anci5t ,egypt s$ul\sly conceal$ _! names1 & we _c d\bt t x 0 ! fe> ( "s su* subjection ( _! deity ?r\gh ! malici\s use ( 8 "n1 :i* l$ ! e>ly ,jews to conceal x s well t x is n[ lo/4 ,x 0 ! same ) ! ,semitic ,arabians4 ,in/ead ( ! true div9e "n1 !y sub/itut$ ,allah1 ! ,mighty ,"o1 s t n[ ! orig9al is conjectural or unkn[n4 ,?is ext5ds to ! rude/ tribes4 ,! ,african travell] ,holub says t ! actual "n ( ! god ( ! ,m>utse & alli$ tribes along ! ,zambesi riv] is ,njambe2 b to avoid reveal+ ?is1 !y employ ! t]m ,molemo1 8,he above40 ,among ! s\?-ea/]n ,au/ralian tribes _! lead+ deity is ,turramulun 7! ,"o-legg$71 :o lives 9 ! sky4 ,8 "n is nev] reveal$ to wom51 nor to y\?s be=e _! initiation to manhood4#aab ,! ,*octaw ,indians reg>d$ ! "n ( _! highe/ div9ity z self-exi/+1 ess5tial1 & unspeakable4 ,!re=e1 :5 x 0 necess>y to ref] to him1 !y adopt$ a circumlocution1 =1 says _! hi/orian1 8accord+ to _! fix$ /&>d ( spee*1 _h !y made any ne>] approa* to ! belov$ ,"n1 x w\ld h be5 reckon$ a pr(anation40#aac ,h[ completely ?is notion has surviv$ among ourselves is %[n by ! second clause ( t pray] on :i* we h all be5 br\ght up1 8,hall[$ be ,?y ,"n40 ,b h[ few :o repeat x reflect t ! "n ref]r$ to1 :atev] x 01 is n[ ?r\gh long concealm5t totally lo/6 ,?us we see t ! doctr9e ( 8! ineffable ,"n0 is ! common prop]ty ( savage & cultur$ fai?s4 ,f ! misuse ( ! "n to compel ! ob$i5ce ( ! god1 or to injure 8 dignity & wor?1 came ! idea ( pr(anity1 /]nly =bidd5 by ! e>ly ,jewi% law1--8,take n ! "n ( ! ,"l 9 va90--& by _m o!r fai?s ( a primitive aspect4 ,q consi/5tly ) ?is idea ( real exi/5ce 9 names1 ! god :o _h _m names _h j z _m p[]s or faculties4 ,= t reason1 ! prom95t gods ( anci5t ,egypt1 especially ,isis1 7 call$ ^u by s num]\s epi!ts t ! ,greeks spoke ( !m z 8myrionom\s10 t5-?\s&-nam$4 ,9 lat] ,babylonian times all ! names ( ! fifty great gods 7 ascrib$ to a1 by :i* process !y 7 !mselves absorb$ into 8 be+4 8,:5 !y lo/ _! names1 !y lo/ _! p]sonality z well40#aad ,to ! ,mohamm$an ! 8,"o hundr$ names ( ,god0 repeat$ 9 ! ,koran express ! multitude ( ,8 p[]s4 ,! same t5d5cy is visible 9 ! native religions ( ,am]ica4 ,! ,mexicans appli$ _m names to ! same div9ity1 & 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 ! sacr$ book ( ! ,qui*es1 ! *ief deity is call$ by a v>iety ( titles1 "s s\nd+ /range to u1 z 8! opossum-hunt]10 ! 8gre5 snake10 ! 8caleba%10 all ( symbolic s5se4#aae ,9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 ! "n ( a god1 adopt$ by a *ief1 id5tifi$ him 9 ! op9ion ( ! p ) ! god & secur$ = him ! rev]5ce & adoration ascrib$ to 8 div9e namesake4#aaf ,?is idea is t :i* 9 _m e>ly & lat] fai?s l$ to :at are call$ ! 8!ophor\s0 or god-be>+ names1 :]e ! individual is call$ by ! prop] "n ( a sa9t or god4 ,!y 7 especially frequ5t 9 e>ly ,semitic religions1 & are cu/om>y among ,ca?olics to-day4#aag ,we f9d _! orig9 9 ! cu/om1 v g5]al among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 = ! p]son to take ! "n ( ! _s :o appe>s to him dur+ ! vigils & fa/s :i* att5d ! c]emonies ( initiation to manhood4 ,by assum+ ! "n ( ! div9ity1 ! two natures or ess5ces are believ$ to be unit$4 ,?is 0 precisely also ! op9ion ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 z we see 9 ! expression ( ,/4 ,ephrem1 a ,syrian sa9t ( ! f\r? c5tury3 8,m]ciful 0 ! ,"l 9 t ,he clad on our ,names4 ,8 ,names make u great2 our ,names make ,him small40#aah ,if we seek ! explanation ( ?is /range p[] attribut$ to words & names1 (t5 ap>t f _! signification1 we %all f9d x 9 _! extreme activity z ag5ts ( m5tal sugge/ion4 ,!y are int5se psy*ic /imulants1 /irr+ ! s\l to its dep?s4 ,! ,^w is by odds ! mo/ effective ( all ag5cies to br+ ab\t alt]$ & abnormal m5tal conditions ei!r 9 ! individual or 9 ! mass4 ,?r\gh x1 judici\sly appli$1 ! pr(\nde/ hypnotic trance1 or ! wilde/1 maniacal n]v\s seizures c be produc$ at w4#aai ,! repetition ( a ^w greatly height5s its sugge/ive influ5ce & promotes ! exclusion f ! m9d ( all o!r concepts & associations ?an its own4 ,9 _m languages1 a ^w repeat$ is equival5t to ! sup]lative degree1 & 9 e tongue ! repetition has a simil> effect1 z 9 ! phrase3 8,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,"l ,god ( ,sabao?40 ,no words 9 ?is relation are m effici5t ?an names4 ,consid] :at our own lives w\ld be if we _h to *ange our names e ye>1 h[ x w\ld seem to oblit]ate our p]sonality1 h[ x w\ld dissipate all dreams ( po/hum\s glory & r5[n4 ,our consci\sness ( ,self w\ld suff] dim9ution1 & ! ke5e/ int]e/ ( our lives w\ld be lo/4 ,our "n is really & truly a "p ( ourselves1 & he :o w\ld rob u ( x w\ld leave u poor inde$4 ,:y is e po9t ( view c>v$ ) ! names ( obscure t\ri/s1 :y does x give u pleasure to note our names among ! hundr$s at "s gr& function1 b t we ?9k x m desirable to live 8z nak$ nom9ations1 )\t des]t or noble de$s10 z ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne said1 ?an to pass away & leave n t little :i* ! ,roman poet consid]$ ! lea/1--nom9is umbra1 8! %ad[ ( a "n40 ,= ! practical purposes ( life ! "n conf]s or creates ! p]sonality4 ,?is fact ex]t$ a pr(\nd influ5ce 9 ! e>lie/ developm5t ( religion4 ,! vague s5se ( spiritual p[] fir/ became c5tr$ 9 ! idea ( an individual1 ( a p]sonal god1 :5 x receiv$ a "n4 ,! primitive words ( b>b>ic tongues us$ to signify+ ! div9e h n ! connotation ( individuality4 ,wakan1 mahopa1 manito1 teotl1 huaca1 ku1 are su* words f ,am]ican languages1 n "o ( :i* conveys ! concept ( p]sonality4 ,t concept 0 fir/ ga9$ :5 "s s+le expression ( spiritual p[] 0 diff]5tiat$ & nam$4#abj ,! ess5tial religi\s elem5t 9 ! ,^w is its p[] to br+ man into relation to ! gods4 ,?is is possible 9 ?ree directions1--we may address !m2 !y may address u2 or we may talk ab\t !m4 ,^! furni% ! ?ree =ms ( sacr$ expression 9 spee*3 #a4 ,! ^w to ! gods1--,pray]2 #b4 ,! ^w f ! gods1--,revelation2 & #c4 ,! ^w ab\t ! gods1--! ,my?4 ,we w consid] ea* ( ^!4 ,i4 ,,! ,,^w ,,to ,,! ,,gods4--#a4 ,! ,^w to ! gods is ,pray]4 ,x is a v prom95t & nigh univ]sal elem5t 9 primitive religions4 ,! injunction 8,pray always0 is n[h]e else s ne>ly c>ri$ out4 ,capta9 ,cl>k1 an (fic] ( our army ) ! wide/ exp]i5ce ( ,indian life1 writes3 8,x seems a />tl+ ass]tion1 b x is1 ,i ?9k1 true1 t !re are no p :o pray m ?an ,indians4 ,bo? sup]/ition & cu/om keep always 9 _! m9ds ! necessity = placat+ ! ang] ( ! invisible & omnipot5t p[]1 & = supplicat+ ! active ex]cise ( 8 faculties 9 _! behalf40#aba ,9 fact1 ,pray] may be said to be ! life ( ! fai? ( savage tribes1 & x is s recognis$ by !mselves4 ,accord+ to ! leg5ds ( ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&1 :5 !y fir/ migrat$ to t isl& f ,hawaii1 !y did n br+ ) !m _! ance/ral gods1 b took c>e to c>ry along ! pot5t pray]s :i* ! gods _c b he> & grant4#abb ,"s writ]s h claim$ t c]ta9 tribes h be5 f\nd )\t any notion ( an appeal to unse5 ag5cies1 & h quot$ z in/ances ! ,yahgans ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 & ! ,m9copies ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s4 ,b clos] exam9ation proves t ! prie/s ( ! ,yahgans call ^u a my/]i\s be+1 ,aiapakal1#abc & o!r invisible exi/5ces1 & ! ,m9copies are ackn[l$g$ to h pray]s at ! pres5t "t4 ,! e>lie/ hymns & pray]s d n1 z a rule1 conta9 def9ite reque/s1 b are g5]al appeals to ! god to be pres5t1 to p>take ( ! fea/ :i* is spread1 or to jo9 ! dance & to cont9ue 8 good (fices t[>d ^? :o call ^u him4 ,su* are ! hymns ( ! ,rig ,v$a1 & ^? ( anci5t ,mexico1 :i* ,i h collect$ & publi%$4#abd ,!y are l ! evocatio deorum ( ! ,romans4 ,! ?ree =ms ( 8! ,^w to ! gods10 or ,pray]1 are ^? ( ?anksgiv+1 by praise or laudation2 ( petition = assi/ance or protection2 & ( p5it5ce or contrition = neglect ( duty4 ,all ^! are common 9 ! mo/ primitive fai?s4 ,9 all ( !m y w f9d ! deity appeal$ to z great1 mighty1 a "l1 a k+1 t]ror-inspir+1 lov+ 8 foll[]s1 & by hundr$s ( su* epi!ts ( amplification & flatt]y4 ,he is address$ ende>+ly z fa!r or gr&fa!r2 n at all imply+ a physical relation%ip1 z "s mod]n writ]s h errone\sly /at$2 b ) ref]5ce to ! lov+ c>e he is suppos$ to ext5d to 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,z we might expect1 mo/ ( ! petitions 9 primitive pray]s are = mat]ial b5efits4 ,! burd5 ( mo/ ( !m is well express$ by "o 9 ! ,rig ,v$a3 8,o ,god1 prosp] u 9 gett+ & 9 keep+60 ,!y ask = increase ( goods1 abundant food1 success 9 w>1 & f9e wea!r4 ,yet among ! rude/ !re are signs ( an appreciation ( some?+ high]4 ,a pray] ( ! ,khonds1 a ,dravidian tribe ( ,nor!rn ,india1 reads3 8,o ,"l1 we "k n :at is good = u4 ,?\ kn[e/ :at x is4 ,= x we pray40 ,x is /range to f9d among ! ,navahoes1 a rude hunt+ tribe ( our we/]n t]ritories1 an int5se long+ = ! beautiful4 ,"o ( _! pray]s runs3 8,o ,"l on high1 ^: y\? is immortal1 rul] above1 ,i h made y ! (f]+1 pres]ve my body & memb]s1 pres]ve x 9 beauty1 make all ?+s beautiful1 let all be complet$ 9 beauty40#abe ,at o!r times ! pray] is = moral control1 z 9 ?is ( a ,si\x ,indian3 8,o my gr&fa!r1 ! ,e>?1 ,i ask t ?\ give/ me a long life & /r5g? ( body4 ,:5 ,i g to w>1 let me capture _m horses & kill _m enemies4 ,b 9 peace1 let n ang] ent] my he>t40#abf ,p5it5tial pray]s are utt]$ :5 "o has brok5 ! c]emonial law or tabu2 & 9 g5]al1 :5 mis=tune & defeat seem to indicate t ! gods are irritat$ at "s insult (f]$ !m1 ?\gh ! wor%ipp] may n be cle> :at x is4 8,o m]ciful ,"l10 says an ,aztec pray]1 8let ?is *a/isem5t ) :i* ?\ ha/ visit$ u give u fre$om f evil & follies40#abg ,9 _m pray]s we f9d =mulas pres]v$ :i* are no long] und]/ood2 & v frequ5tly ! p[] ( ! pray] is believ$ to be increas$ by repeat+ x a numb] ( times4 ,! pray] *oruses ( ne>ly all savage tribes (f] endless examples ( ?is4 ,! notion ( increas$ =ce by repetition1 a notion f\nd$ on ! augm5t$ sugge/ive p[] ( ! ,^w ?r\gh its it]ation1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 is s common t x 0 especially not$ & condemn$ by ,jesus z ( no spiritual value4 ,?is =m ( pray]1 inde$1 deg5]at$ into a m]e magical =mula1 z we see 0 ! case ) ! apo/olic b5$iction ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* dur+ ! middle ages1 :i* became a *>m 9 use by necromanc]s & sorc]]s4 ,9 its sublime/ ess5ce1 h[ev]1 pray] has be5 recognis$ z some?+ f> beyond any =m ( suppliancy4 ,x is1 z an or?odox au?ority says1 8! habitual /ate ( a be+ :o con/antly lives 9 relation to ,god1 & cultivates a con/ant ex*ange ) ,him40#abh ,s und]/ood1 x is ev5 m ?an inspiration2 x is a communion ( spiritual life1 a dwell+ 9 ,god4 ,?is is ! precise m5tal condition ( _m ( ! my/ics & devotees ( primitive religions4 ,!y are ) ! god1 ! god ) & 9 !m4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,^w ,,f ,,! ,,gods4--,if ! m]e "n ( ! god 0 ?us mighty & ?us v5]at$1 h[ mu* m ! words he himself utt]$6 ,! 8,^w ( ,god10 z und]/ood by ! wor%ipp]s1 is ! k]nel & core ( e fai? on e>?4 ,e religion is1 to its vot>ies1 a revelation4 ,none is s mat]ial1 none s primitive1 z to claim any o!r f\ndation ?an ! express$ w ( div9ity4 ,none is s devoid ( ritual z to lack "s means ( asc]ta9+ ?is w4 ,! ^w f ! gods is clo!d "u two =ms1 ! ,law & ! ,prophets1--9 o!r t]ms1 ,precept & ,pr$iction4 ,9 e religion1 f ! mo/ primitive to ! highe/1 we f9d ^! two modes ( div9e utt]ance4 ,9 ! e>lie/ phases ( religion1 ! law is ess5tially prohibitory4 ,x is 9 ! =m ( ! negative1 8,?\ %alt n----40 ,e?nologi/s h adopt$ = ?is a ^w f ,polynesian dialects1 tabu1 or tapu1 ak9 to tapa1 to "n1#abi t :i* 0 solemnly nam$ or ann\nc$ be+ sacr$1 & h5ce =bidd5 to ! pr(anum vulgus4 ,! tabu ext5ds its veto into e dep>tm5t ( primitive life4 ,x =bids ! use ( c]ta9 articles ( food or raim5t2 x hall[s ! sacr$ areas2 x lays re/rictions on m>riage1 & ?us orig9ates :at is kn[n z ! totemic bond2 x d5\nces v>i\s actions1 (t5 ! mo/ trivial & innoc5t1 & ?us lays ! f\ndation = ! c]emonial law4 ,! p5alty = ! infraction ( ! tabu includes all t fl[s f ! ang] ( ! gods1 rea*+ to dea? itself4 ,a few examples1 f ! v rude/ religions1 w s]ve to illu/rate ?is4 ,! ,kams*atkans 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury 7 v l[ 9 ! scale ( humanity & curi\sly pessimi/ic4 ,!y _h a h]o-god1 ,kutka1 _! my?ic prog5itor1 ( :om !y told _m /range & disgu/+ /ories4 ,!y curs$ him (t5] ?an !y bless$ him1 & refus$ to believe t any?+ good c\ld come f ! gods4 ,b to escape ! ill-w ( ^! malevol5t be+s !y practis$ v>i\s c]emonies & refra9$ f sundry actions calculat$ to displease ^? caprici\s spirits4 ,?us1 "o mu/ n cook fi% & fle% 9 ! same pot1 or he w\ld be puni%$ ) sores2 he mu/ n /ep 9 ! tracks ( a be>1 or he w\ld be visit$ ) a sk9 disease2 he mu/ n scrape ! sn[ f 8 %oes ) a knife1 or !re w\ld be viol5t /orms2 & s on1 ?r\gh a long law ( prohibitions4#acj ,! ,m9copies ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s h no =ms ( wor%ip1 !y h no invocations to ! gods1 _! language1 inde$1 has no orig9al ^w = 8pray]40 ,!y believe firmly1 h[ev]1 9 ! exi/5ce ( num]\s spirits1 n ! s\ls ( ! deceas$1 b self-creat$ & undy+1 :o w injure !m if !y commit c]ta9 transgressions1 su* z to cook turtle or fi% by burn+ a p>ticul> k9d ( wood2 to roa/ a pig in/ead ( boil+ x1 & s on4#aca ,! ,yahgans ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego h be5 (t51 ?\gh errone\sly1 quot$ z a tribe devoid ( religion4 ,_! c]emonial law 0 rigid4 ,! hairs t fell f ! head mu/ be burn$1 or ! individual w\ld fall ill2 ! "n ( ! dead mu/ n be m5tion$1 or ! gho/ w\ld return & plague !m2 ! "y duckl+s mu/ n be kill$1 or bad wea!r w\ld foll[4#acb ,! tabu 9 ,polynesia1 :5ce x d]ives its "n1 0 c>ri$ to an incr$ible degree ( /r+5cy4 ,! dread ( its violation 0 s vivid1 t 9 itself x 0 (t5 ! cause ( ! dea? ( ! (f5d]4#acc ,! second =m ( ! 8,^w f ,god0 0 :5 x 0 utt]$ z a prophecy1 a pr$iction ( ! future4 ,9 ?is =m x appe>s ?r\gh\t ! _w "u ! innum]able aspects ( div9ation1 z oracles1 prophetic utt]ances1 =eca/s ( "t to come1 second-sight1 clairvoyance1 & ! l4 ,! ess5ce ( e religi\s rite may be said to be div9atory1 inasmu* z its f9al aim is ei!r to le>n or to modify ! ,w ( ,god1 & ?us to influ5ce ! future ( ! individual or society by extra-natural ag5cies4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ?is d]ogatory to religion z an elem5t ( m9d4 ,! con/ant ef=t ( ! reason is to bani% ! idea ( *ance f ! univ]se2 & he :o reg>ds ! ,w ( ,god z a law ( ! univ]se does exclude *ance f its ev5ts j 9 proportion z he le>ns t ,w & acts 9 con=mity to x4 ,pr$iction 9 primitive religions is by two widely diff]5t me?ods1 ,div9ation & ,prophecy4 ,! div9]1 rely+ on 8 own s5se & reason+ p[]s1 =etells ! future by obs]vation ( c]ta9 tra9s ( ev5ts :i* he believes reveal ! int5tions ( ! gods2 ! prophet is "o inspir$ by ! div9e m9d itself to speak its own words & to convey directly ! ?\ghts & wi%es ( deity4 ,?is di/9ction is visible 9 e>ly religions4 ,any "o c le>n ! 8signs0 & 8om5s0 :i* w be auspici\s or inauspici\s = 8 und]tak+s2 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 to read _! full significance "o mu/ h made special /udies 9 ! art ( augury4 ,to become an inspir$ prophet requires a mu* m s]i\s prep>ation1 & "s =m ( communion direct ) ! gods mu/ be e/abli%$4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,^w ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,gods4 ,a brilliant ,fr5* writ] 7,e4 ,s*]]7 has said3 8,x 0 ! ,^w t made ! gods10 8,le mot1 c'e/ l'artisan des idoles40 ,he b express$ 9 a po9t$ apo!gm :at ! pr(\nd ,g]man my?ologi/ ,kuhn /at$ 9 m =mal t]ms :5 he wrote3 8,! f\ndation ( my?ology is to be look$ = 9 ! doma9 ( language40 ,:at1 inde$1 does ! t]m 8my?0 itself mean8 ,x is m]ely ! ,greek = 8a ^w10 some?+ spok51 & 9 ?is g5]al s5se x is us$ by ,hom]4 ,lat]1 its connotation became re/rict$ to :at 0 spok5 conc]n+ ! gods1 ! n>ratives ( _! do+s1 ! descriptions ( _! abodes & attributes4 ,m5 began to frame su* tales ! mom5t !y consci\sly recognis$ ! exi/5ce ( su* unse5 ag5cies4 ,!y 7 f\nd$ on visions1 dreams1 & ^? vague m5tal /ates :i*1 z ,i h %[n1 fill up s l>ge a "p ( savage life4 ,!y 7 n int5tional fictions1 by any means1 = ! crit]ia betwe5 ! real & unreal fade away 9 ^? psy*ic conditions1 & ! fa9te/ hold on actuality is en\gh to gu>antee an indef9itely complex fancy4 ,x 0 a /range error by "o ( ! mo/ e>ne/ /ud5ts ( primitive religions1 ! ,rev]5d ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 :5 he advocat$ 8 !ory t ! my? 0 d]iv$ f ! ritual1 n ! ritual f ! my?4#acd ,_h he /udi$ ! actual religi\s condition ( ! rude/ tribes1 he w\ld h f\nd !m ) sc>cely any ritual b a mo/ abundant my?ology2 & he w\ld h discov]$ t :]e ! my? 0 tak5 f ! ritual1 x is :5 ! latt] has lo/ its orig9al mean+1 & "s o!r is devis$ to expla9 x4 ,z examples ( su* notions1 ,i may take ! ,bu%m5 ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,!y enjoy ! g5]al reputation ( be+ ! l[e/ ( ! human race4 ,!y h no temples1 no alt>s1 no ritual2 yet ! mission>y ,bleek collect$ among !m ?\s&s ( tales conc]n+ _! gods 9 _! relations to m5 & animals4#ace ,! ,&amanese are alleg$ to h no =ms ( wor%ip :atev]2 b !y h _m my?s ab\t ! mighty ,puluga1 self-creat$ & immortal1 ab\t ! orig9 ( fire1 & ! transactions ( ! invisible spirits4 ,x w\ld be easy to give _m o!r examples1 b x is en\gh to refute su* an op9ion by ref]r+ to ! va/ body ( my?s 9 all religi\s peoples :i* h no ref]5ce to ritual :atev]4 ,! s\rces ( my?ology are psy*ic4 ,!y are n to be trac$ to ! ext]nal _w1 :e!r ritual or natural4 ,my?s are n figurative explanations ( natural ph5om5a1 !y are n vague memories ( ance/ors & dep>t$ h]oes1 !y are n philosophic speculations or poetic fancies4 ,!y are di/9ctly religi\s 9 orig91 &1 :5 g5u9e1 are ! fruit ( t insight into ! div9e1 t 8beatific vision10 on :i* ,i h laid su* emphasis z ! real & only f\ndation ( all religions :atsoev]4 ,!y receive _! =m & expression ?r\gh spok5 language1 & are1 !re=e1 intimately associat$ )1 (t5 dep5d5t ^u its s\nds1 & laws4 ,9 h[ _m ways ?is may influ5ce !m ,i may briefly m5tion4 ,primitive language is pr$om9antly concrete4 ,! connotations ( its t]ms are ma9ly objective4 ,by ?is necessity arose ! mat]ialisation ( ! spiritual ?\ght4 ,x _h to be express$ "u ext]nal imag]y4 ,primitive languages are usually int5sely individualis+ & specific4 ,!re is sc>cely a native tongue 9 ,am]ica 9 :i* "o c\ld say 8h&02 "o mu/ always add a pron\n indicat+ ^: h& is meant1 8my1 ?y1 810 h&4 ,! g5]ic di/9ctions 9 su* tongues are (t5 f> rea*+ & real1 n purely =mal1 z ) u4 ,a ^w 9 ! mascul9e or fem99e g5d] is und]/ood to mean t ! object to :i* x ref]s is positively male or female4 ,_m o!r di/9ctions are ?us convey$1 z :at is animate & inanimate1 noble or vulg>1 etc4 ,! result ( ^! di/9ctions 9 su* languages z ! ,aryan & ,semitic 0 t ! gods p]=ce 7 arrang$ sexually z male & female1 & ?is p]si/s to-day ev5 9 our ,engli% tongue4 ,_m my?s arose directly f words1 ?r\gh casual simil>ities betwe5 !m :i* 7 attribut$ to "s div9e cause4 ,?is is ! !ory s well kn[n by ! advocacy ( ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 :o is *>g$1 unfairly ,i believe1 ) hav+ call$ my?ology a 8disease ( language40 ,he1 ,pr(essor ,kuhn1 & o!rs lay great & j /ress on ! influ5ce ( 8p>onomy10 t is1 simil>ity 9 ! s\nd ( words1 z ! />t+-po9t ( my?s4 ,!y h adduc$ endless examples f ! classical tongues1 b ,i %all cont5t myself ) two f :olly primitive s\rces4 ,i h j ref]r$ to ! ,&amanese z at ! bottom ( religi\s gr[?1 b ) an abundant my?ology4 ,9 _! tongue x happ5s t ! ^w g>ub means 8night0 & also a species ( cat]pill>4 ,x is probably a m]e co9cid5ce ( s\nd4 ,b !y saw 9 x mu* m4 ,night to !m is a depress+ p]iod1 & x w\ld n h be5 creat$ by ! supreme ,puluga )\t j cause4 ,evid5tly ! d\ble mean+ ( ! ^w g>ub indicat$ ?is4 ,& z ! wise m5 proce$ on t univ]sally s\nd op9ion t :5 !re is a r[ !re is a woman 9 x1 !y p]ceive t "s woman mu/ h wantonly kill$ a g>ub1 a cat]pill>1 9 ord] t ,puluga %\ld h s5t g>ub1 ! night1 z a puni%m5t4 ,& ?is is ! sum ( a long my?ical /ory4#acf ,ano!r example is f a f> di/ant area1 f among ! ,c>ri] ,indians ( ,briti% ,am]ica4 ,! arctic fox :i* !y hunt has a %>p yelp :i* s\nds khaih4 ,_! ^w = 8light0 is yekkhaih4 ,evid5tly ! fox 0 ! animal :o fir/ call$ = ! light &1 by ! magical p[] ( ! ^w1 obta9$ x4 ,?r\gh :at difficulties he accompli%$ ?is is told 9 a long & curi\s my? obta9$ f !m by ,fa!r ,morice4#acg ,9 ! developm5t ( my?s x 01 inde$1 (t5 ! case t ^? conc]n+ "o deity c\ld be told ( ano!r--s+ul>ly incongru\s z x (t5 01--or t ! div9e attributes prim>ily assign$ to a deity & drawn f its "* c\ld be transf]r$ to a human type1 z :5 ^? ( a fl[] 7 plac$ on ! god4#ach ,x is equally an error to suppose t my?s 7 at fir/ m]e /ories & receiv$ _! religi\s "* lat]4 ,! true my? has a religi\s aim f ! outset1 & is n ! product ( an idle fancy4 ,^? :o h taught o!rwise h be5 misl$ by a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) ! psy*ology ( savage tribes4 ,my?ology comes f religion1 n religion f my?ology4 ,! savage und]/&s p]fectly ! diff]5ce betwe5 a sacr$ & a secul> /ory1 betwe5 a n>rative ( ! do+s ( ! gods h&$ d[n f 8 ance/ors1 & ! creation ( ! idle fancy br\ght =? to amuse a circle ( li/5]s4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! /range simil>ity 9 ! my?s ( savage nations f> asund] 9 space & k9%ip4 ,! explanation ( ?is is n to be f\nd 9 borr[+ or 9 recollections f a common1 remote unity2 b 9 ! laws ( ! human m9d4 ,! same my?s are f\nd all ov] ! _w1 ) ! same symbolism & imag]y1 wov5 into cycles deal+ ) ! same great que/ions ( human ?\ght4 ,?is is because !y arise f id5tical psy*ic s\rces1 & f9d expression "u obligatory =ms1 dep5d+ on ! relations ( man to 8 environm5t1 & on ! unity ( m5tal process ?r\gh\t ! race4 ,x is n possible = me at ! pres5t "t to ent] f> into ! va/ temple ( my?ology4 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) select+ a few ( ! mo/ prom95t my?ical cycles1 aim+ by ^! to %[ h[ !y =m ! gr\nd-plan & sub/ructure ( ! :ole edifice ( my?ical n>rative4 ,i w select sev5 :i* are ! mo/ prom95t1 ^? relat+ to3 #a4 ! ,cosmical ,concepts2 #b4 ! ,sacr$ ,numb]s2 #c4 ! ,drama ( ! ,univ]se2 #d4 ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise2 #e4 ! ,conflict ( ,nature2 #f4 ! ,return+ ,savi\r2 & #g4 ! ,j\rney ( ! ,s\l4 #a4 ,! ,cosmical ,concepts4--,:]ev] man is plac$ on ! e>?1 he is guid$ 9 8 movem5ts by space & direction4 ,^! are among ! e>lie/ notions he d]ives f ! impressions on 8 s5ses4 ,8 anatomical con=mation1 ! ant]ior & po/]ior planes ( 8 body & 8 "r & left sides1 lead him to a f\rfold division ( space1 z be=e him & beh9d him1 to "o side or ! o!r4 ,he conceives ! e>?1 !re=e1 z a pla9 ) f\r qu>t]s1 ! *ief directions z f\r1 to wit1 ! c>d9al po9ts1 & ! w9ds z f\r pr9cipal curr5ts f ^! po9ts4 ,! sky is to him a solid cov]+1 support$ at ea* ( its f\r corn]s by a tree1 a pill>1 or a giant1 & is itself divid$ into f\r c\rts or regions l ! e>?4 ,^! 7 8 cosmical concepts1 8 primal ideas ( ! univ]se1 & !y ent]$ deeply into 8 life1 8 acts1 & 8 beliefs4 ,he f\nd$ 8 social organisation on !m1 he pit*$ 8 t5ts or built 8 cities on _! model1 he ori5t$ 8 edifices to simulate !m1 & fram$ 8 my?s to expla9 & p]petuate !m4 ,we f9d ^! concepts practically univ]sal4 ,! symbolic figures :i* repres5t !m are scrat*$ 9 ! soil at ! ,bora1 or initiation c]emonies ( ! ,au/ralians2 !y are et*$ into ! pots & j>s we dig up 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi valley2 !y are pa9t$ 9 /range figures on ! manuscripts ( ! ,mayas & ,mexicans2 !y reappe> 9 ! my/]i\s symbols ( ! sva/ika & ! ,*9ese ,ta-,ki2 !y und]lie ! f\ndation /ones ( ,egyptian pyramids1 & recur 9 ! l[e/ /rata ( ,babylonian zigg>ats4#aci #b4 ,! ,sacr$ ,numb]s4--,! cosmical concepts 7 closely connect$ ) ! sacr$ numb]s4 ,:]ev] we turn 9 my? & rite1 9 symbolism or sacr$ art1 we f9d c]ta9 numb]s :i* h a hall[$ priority 9 religi\s ?\ght4 ,^! numb]s are pre-em95tly ! ?ree & ! f\r1 & ^? d]iv$ f !m4 ,!y are di/9ctly anti!tic 9 "*1 aris+ f contra/+ psy*ical s\rces1 :i* ,i w briefly expla94 ,! numb] f\r d]ives its sacr$ness 9 my?ology f ! cosmical concepts j m5tion$4 ,x 01 !re=e1 connect$ ) ! objective & ph5om5al _w1 & _h a mat]ial & concrete orig9 & applications4 ,! numb] ?ree1 on ! o!r h&1 0 surr\nd$ ) ! halo ( sanctity f ! op]ations ( ! m9d itself4 ,^!1 ! processes ( ?9k+1 are c>ri$ on by a triple or r triune action ( ! intellig5ce1 :i* logicians express 9 ! ?ree fundam5tal 8laws ( ?\ght10 & 9 ! trilogy ( ! syllogism4 ,^! ev]-pres5t laws ( ?9k+ impress !mselves on ! m9d & m5tal acts :e!r !y are recognis$ or n1 & all ! m absolutely 9 t involunt>y action 9 :i*1 z 8sub-limital consci\sness0 or 8psy*ic automatism10 ,i h reveal$ to y ! true s\rce ( ! conception ( ! ,div9e4#adj ,h[ natural1 !n1 t we %\ld f9d 9 s _m primitive fai?s ! belief 9 ! triplicate nature ( div9ity1 %\ld f9d my?s1 idols1 rites1 s devis$ z to reflect & inculcate ?is6 ,su* is ! case1 & x is easy to quote examples1 :e!r we turn to ! ,indians ( ,am]ica or ! ,indians ( ,h9do/an1 :e!r we t\* on ! triads ( anci5t ,egypt or ^? ( ! ,druids1 :e!r we recall ! ?ree ,norns ( ,teutonic my? or ! ?ree ,fates ( ! ,hell5es4 ,z a writ]1 :o has made ! subject 8 special bran*1 obs]ves3 8,x is impossible to /udy any s+le sy/em ( wor%ip ?r\gh\t ! _w1 )\t be+ /ruck ) ! peculi> p]si/5ce ( ! triple numb] 9 reg>d to ,div9ity40#ada ,! exception to ?is w\ld naturally be :]e ! concept ( ! numb] itself 0 too feeble to impress itself ^u ! my?4 ,!re are tribes :o _c c\nt f\r1 ^: languages h no ^w = any numb] beyond two1 & yet :o are by no means defici5t ei!r 9 my?ologies or practical arts4#adb ,among ^!1 we %\ld look 9 va9 = ! sacr$ness ( numb]s4 #c4 ,! ,drama ( ! ,univ]se4--,i h already quot$ ! say+ ( ! wise m5 ( anci5t ,india1 8,!re is no limit to ! kn[+ ( ! ,self t kn[s40 ,he :o ?r\gh m$itation & pray] has become "o ) ,god1 kn[s :at ,god kn[s4 ,?us x is t 9 ! rude/ tribes we f9d ! /ory ( ! beg9n+ ( ?+s cle>ly told z com+ f ! inspir$ k ( ! se]s4 ,?is /ory has _m po9ts ( simil>ity1 :]ev] we f9d x1 n ow+1 ,i ha/5 aga9 to say1 to any unity ( orig9 9 place1 b due to ! high] unity ( ! m9d ( man1 & ! necess>y results ( its activity4 ,look 9 :at cont95t we please1 we %all f9d ! my? ( a ,creation or ( a primeval con/ruction1 ( a ,deluge or a de/ruction1 & ( an expect$ ,re/oration4 ,we %all f9d t man has ev] look$ on ?is pres5t _w z a pass+ sc5e 9 ! %ift+ panorama ( "t1 to be end$ by "s cataclysm & to be foll[$ by "s p]iod ( mill5nial glory4 ,:5ev] we h a fairly complete body ( ! my?ology ( a primitive /ock1 we discov] ! same sc5>io ( ! va/ drama ( ! univ]se1 v>y+ abundantly 9 detail & local col\r1 b true to ! gr&iose l9es ( its composition4 ,x is in/ructive to analyse its v>i\s elem5ts & trace !m to _! psy*ic s\rces4 ,let u beg9 ) ! modes ( action ( ! creative p[] itself4 ,?is my/]i\s p[] is kn[n to man "u ?ree =ms4 ,! simple/ is t ( ! m\ld] or manufactur]1 z ! pott] makes 8 pots1 ! %oemak] 8 %oes4 ,?is is ! conception :i* und]lies _m my?s ( ! ,creator1 z is %[n by ! names he be>s4 ,?us ! ,au/ralians call$ him ,baiame1 8! cutt]-out10 z "o cuts out a s&al f a sk91 or a figure f b>k4 ,! ,maya ,indians us$ ! t]m ,patol1 f ! v]b pat1 to m\ld1 z a pott] 8 clay1 ,bitol1 :i* has ! same mean+1 & ,tzacol1 ! build]1 z ( a h\se4#adc ,) ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 ! ,creator is ,tupa1 ! =g]1 z "o =ges a spe>-blade#add2 & s on4 ,! second =m is t ( creation 9 ! s5se ( g5]ation1 & ?is is a con/ant simile 9 ! my?s1 ) ref]5ce to ! process bo? 9 ! vegetable & animal k+doms4 ,! ,creator is (t5 ref]r$ to z ! ,fa!r1 ! p>5t1 m or less lit]ally1 ( all t is4 ,he has _m su* titles 9 ! my?s ( ,am]ica & ,polynesia4 ,9 bi-sexual my?s he is associat$ ) "s univ]sal "m z ! g5etrix4 ,! ?ird =m is m recondite & l(ti]4 ,9 an e>li] lecture ,i h emphasis$ h[ man is consci\s )9 himself ( ! ,w z an ultimate s\rce ( p[]4 ,?is he cle>ly recognis$ 9 8 primitive conditions1 & to its ex]tion repeat$ly 9 8 my?s did he attribute ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,!y 7 self-evolv$ 9 ! ?\ght ( ! primal ,be+1 or1 z ! native ,am]ican expression is1 !y 7 8creat$ by ?\ght40 ,we f9d ?is 9 ! rude/ tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 & among ! s$5t>y ,zuis ( ,new ,mexico1 x is said ( _! demiurge ,awonawilona t at ! beg9n+ 8he conceiv$ )9 himself & ?\ght outw>d 9 space10 9 ord] to br+ nature into exi/5ce4 ,we see ! connection 9 ! ,vitian dialect ( ,polynesian1 9 :i* mania is 8to ?9k02 mana1 a miracle1 & ! p[] to p]=m "o4 ,accord+ to ! my?s ( ,hawaii1 x 0 8by an act ( ! w0 t _! triple-natur$ ,creator 8broke up ! night0 7,po71 & f its fragm5ts evok$ into be+ ! _w ( light & life4#ade ,:atev] ! mode ( creation1 x 0 felt t x did n tell ! :ole /ory4 ,! conceptions ( "t & space are 9 _! ess5ce limitless1 & any creation mu/ h be5 )9 !m4 ,?us 9 ,polynesian my?1 ,po repres5ts n a dateless *aos b ! debris ( "s =m] /ate ( ?+s2 & 9 ,algonqu9 leg5d ! primeval ocean _h engulf$ "s old] _w4#adf ,?is psy*ic molim51 ceaselessly act+1 l$ 9 m develop$ my?ologies to "s def9$ fancies ( ^! e>li] p]iods ( cosmic exi/5ce & ?us to ! my?s ( ! ,ages ( ! ,_w or ! ,epo*s ( ,nature4 ,^! are cle>ly outl9$ among ! ,mexicans1 ,mayas1 ,p]uvians1 & o!r tribes ( ! ,new ,_w & among _m on ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,! ,aztecs c\nt !m z f\r1 ea* foll[$ by a =midable cata/rophe1 ne>ly or q de/roy+ all t liv$4 ,! la/ ( ^! de/ructions 0 g5]ally bl5d$ ) ! notion ( ! em]g5ce ( ! solid l& f ! primeval wat]s2 & ?is is ! orig9 ( ! ,deluge ,my?1 ! /ory ( ! ,univ]sal ,flood1 :i* we f9d 9 s _m primitive peoples4 ,x has excit$ especial att5tion1 & by writ]s has be5 expla9$ z ! remembrance ( "s local ov]fl[1 or ! recollection ( ! ,hebrew tradition4 ,its real orig91 purely psy*ic & d]iv$ f ! my? ( ! ,epo*s ( ,nature1 ,i expla9$ ?irty ye>s ago 9 discuss+ its preval5ce among ,am]ican tribes4#adg #d4 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise4--,associat$ ) ?is cycle is ! my? ( ! t]re/rial ,p>adise1 wat]$ by its f\r riv]s1 & enclos+ ! tree ( life1--! happy abode ( e>ly man4 ,! f\r riv]s are ! cele/ial /reams f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?1 wat]+ ! tree z ! emblem ( life4 ,?us we f9d x among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! ,si\x & ! ,aztecs1 ! ,mayas1 ! ,polynesians1 ! anci5t ,aryans & ,semites1 etc4#adh ,its orig9 is purely psy*ic1 & ?\gh we c easily und]/& h[ ! writ] ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis s\ght to id5tify ^! my?ical /reams ) "s kn[n to him1 x is /rangely out ( date = s*ol>s ( to-day to foll[ 8 foot/eps 9 t va9 que/4#adi #e4 ,! ,conflict ( ,nature4--,ano!r great cycle ( psy*ic my?s arose f ! conflict ( nature z appreh5d$ by ! primitive m9d4 ,ev]y:]e x seems to be rag+ ar\nd u4 ,! h\rly /ruggle ( light ) d>kness2 ( day ) night2 ( sun%9e ) /orm2 ( summ] ) w9t]2 ( y\? ) age1 ( heal? ) disease2 ( life ) dea?2 ( all t makes t[>d good ) all t makes t[>d evil--?is endless battle ( two pr9ciples und]lies all movem5t & is =ev] /irr+ ! s\l to ?r[ itself into ! fray4 ,9 a ?\s& =ms ?is et]nal combat 0 portray$ 9 my?s1 all pregnant ) "o mean+1 body+ x =? 9 v>i$ symbol & expression4 ,! _w-wide /ories ( ! conflict ( ! fir/ two bro!rs1 ( m5 ) gods1 ( giants ) h]oes1 ( ! deities among !mselves1 arose f ?is p]ception ( ! unceas+ int]action ( natural =ces1 imag9$ z a w> betwe5 consci\s exi/5ces4 #f4 ,! ,return+ ,savi\r4--,out ( ?is imag9$ turmoil & slaught] grew ! wond]ful my?ical cycles conc]n+ ! ,deliv]] & ,savi\r4 ,he w\ld come f af>1 out ( ! morn+ light or ! di/ant sky1 or he w\ld be born ( a virg9 & ! son ( a god4 ,he w\ld lead 8 p to happ9ess & p[]1 cru%+ by 8 might ! enemies :o afflict$ !m1 :e!r on e>? or among ! envi\s gods4 ,blond-be>d$ & light-hair$1 ev5 among ,polynesians & ,am]icans1 we _c err 9 see+ 9 ?is maje/ic figure ! p]sonifi$ idea ( ,light1 transf]r$ f ! plane ( physical ph5om5a into t ( psy*ical anticipation4#aej #g4 ,! ,j\rney ( ! ,s\l4--,la/ly1 ,i m5tion ! cycle :i* describes ! j\rney ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,! extraord9>y simil>ity :i* ,i & o!rs h po9t$ out betwe5 ! op9ions on ?is subject among ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 anci5t ,celts1 & ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1#aea is n to be expla9$ by any !ory ( int]-communication1 nor 8by *ance10 z "s h argu$1 b by fix$ psy*ic laws1 work+ ov] ! same mat]ial "u simil> conditions4 ,! s\l passes t[>d ! we/1 crosses a sea or riv] to ! abode ( ! dep>t$1 & meets ev]y:]e ne>ly ! same ob/acles1 to be ov]come by prop] prep>ations & mortu>y c]emonies4 ,i ne$ n rehe>se ! details4 ,!y c be comp>$ else:]e4 ,b _! sub/antial id5tity confirms 9 an emphatic mann] ! !sis ,i am advocat+1 t 9 ^! univ]sal my?ical cycles we are deal+ n ) fragm5ts ( "s "o set ( fancies borr[$ f a common s\rce1 b ) indep5d5t creations ( ! human intellect1 fram$ "u laws common to x ev]y:]e1 & :i* t5d always to produce fruits g5]ically ev]y:]e ! same4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,primitive ,religi\s ,expression3 ,9 ! ,object4 ,,cont5ts3--,visual ,ideas--,feti%ism--,n ,object-,wor%ip only--,id5tical ) ,idolatry--,mod]n ,feti%ism--,animism--,n a ,/adium ( ,religion--,! ,*ief ,gr\ps ( ,religi\s ,objects3 #a4 ,! ,cele/ial ,bodies--,sun & ,moon ,wor%ip--,a/rolatry2 #b4 ,! ,f\r ,elem5ts--,fire1 ,air 7! ,w9ds71 ,wat]1 & ! ,e>?--,symbolism ( ,col\rs2 #c4 ,/ones & ,rocks--,?und]bolts--,memorial ,/ones--,div9+ ,/ones2 #d4 ,trees & ,plants--,! ,tree ( ,life--,! ,sacr$ ,pole & ! ,cross--,! ,plant-,s\l--,! ,tree ( ,k2 #e4 ,places & ,sites--,high ,places & ,caves2 #f4 ,! ,l[] ,animals--,! ,bird1 ! ,s]p5t1 etc42 #g4 ,man--,an?ropism 9 ,religion--,! ,wor%ip ( ,beauty2 #h4 ,life & its ,transmission--,examples--,g5esiac ,cults--,! ,fa!rhood ( ,god--,love z ,religion's ,cr[n4 ,if we analyse ! concepts :i* occupy our m9ds1 we %all f9d t mo/ ( !m are d]iv$ f ! s5se ( sight2 !y are :at psy*ologi/s call 8visual ideas40 ,to ^! alone we owe ! notions ( space1 size1 =m1 col\r1 brightness1 & motion4 ,by fill+ ! bra9 ) su* images1 sight becomes a m5tal /imulus ( ! highe/ ord]1 & z we f9d x ex]t+ its influ5ce 9 o!r directions1 s 9 ! developm5t ( ! religi\s s5se x has always held a conspicu\s place4 ,x has l$ to ! objective expression ( t s5se "u visible =ms1 9 images1 pictures1 sacr$ /ructures1 symbolic col\rs & %apes1 & natural sub/ances4 ,?is expression1 univ]sal 9 primitive conditions1 is call$ feti%ism1 poly!ism1 & idolatry1 ! wor%ip ( /ocks & /ones4 ,b ,i wi% to impress ^u y t n[h]e 9 ! _w did man ev] wor%ip a /ock or a /one1 z su*4 ,e feti%1 be x a rag-baby or a pebble f ! road-side1 is ador$1 n z itself1 b z possess+ "s my/]i\s1 transc5d5tal p[]1 by :i* x c influ5ce ! future4 ,9 "s obscure way x is ! m$ium or ag5t ( t sup]natural ,w1 ! recognition ( :i* is at ! basis ( e religion4 ,! relation ( ! feti% to ! spiritual p[] beh9d x1 ?\gh ev]y:]e recognis$1 0 n easy to def9e4 ,! ,melanesians believe t ! s\ls ( ! dead act ?r\gh bones2 :ile ! indep5d5t spirits 7vui7 *oose /ones z _! m$iums2 & !y say t ^! objects are1 z x 71 limbs or memb]s ( ^! incorporeal p[]s4#aeb ,t ! feti% itself is some?+ else ?an ! m]e object1 & is c]ta9ly n id5tifi$ ) x 7z writ]s h (t5 ass]t$71 is evid5t f ! words & actions ( feti% wor%ipp]s4 ,a ,s\? ,african negro (f]$ food to a tree 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,european travell]4 ,! latt] obs]v$ t a tree _c eat4 8,oh10 repli$ ! negro1 8tree n feti%4 ,feti% _s2 n se52 live 9 tree40#aec ,if a feti% does n br+ good luck1 x is ?r[n away1 burn$1 or brok51 z hav+ lo/ its virtue1 ceas$ to be ! abode ( p[]4 ,"o ( efficacy1 on ! o!r h&1 w br+ a good price1 & su* are (t5 sold & b\ght4 ,among ! ,papuans ( ,new ,gu9ea ! feti%es are small wood5 dolls dress$ 9 col\r$ rags4 ,!y are believ$ to be ! m$ia ?r\gh :i* ! ance/ral spirits op]ate4 ,b if a man has bad luck1 he w beat1 or break1 or ca/ away1 z ( no acc\nt1 su* an impot5t object4#aed ,^! & scores ( o!r examples :i* c\ld be adduc$ disprove ! ass]tion t man1 ev5 9 8 l[e/ phases ( religi\s life1 ev] wor%ipp$ an object z an object4 ,ev5 !n1 8 intellectual insight p5etrat$ to ! recognition ( some?+ high] ?an ph5om5a 9 ! _w ab\t him4 ,z has be5 well said by a ,g]man writ]1 :at is really wor%ipp$ 9 ! object any:]e is n itself b 8a transc5d5tal x10 )9 & beyond x4#aee ,x has be5 abundantly %[n t amid ! tribes ( ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa1 to ^: gods ! t]m feti%1 feitio1 0 fir/ appli$ by ! ,portuguese1 ! recognition & wor%ip ( tribal & national div9ities & ev5 ( a ,supreme ,be+1 rul] & creator ( ! _w1 are cle>ly display$4#aef ,! h\se ( c>ds !re=e1 erect$ by ,augu/e ,comte1 to repres5t ! religi\s progress ( ! race1 ! fir/ floor ( :i* 0 feti%ism1 ! second poly!ism1 & ! ?ird mono!ism1 falls helplessly to ! gr\nd4 ,!re is no real di/9ction betwe5 feti%ism & idolatry1 unless we *oose to say t ! latt] ref]s to ! wor%ip ( objects artificially %ap$2 b _m feti%es are s likewise4 ,nor c we say1 ) ,pr(essor ,rialle1 t feti%ism conf\nds ! unse5 ag5t ) ! ?+ itself1 :ile ! idolatry ( develop$ poly!ism reg>ds ! ag5t z some?+ ext]ior to ! object1 an indep5d5t exi/5ce4#aeg ,= n only does feti%ism recognise ! p[] ( ! sup]natural outside ( all objects1 b ! idols ( poly!ism are unque/ionably j z holy1 j z mu* limbs ( ! gods1 z ! dolls ( ! ,melanesians4 ,we _c ev5 take feti%ism z a special =m ( ! cult or ext]nal wor%ip2 = x goes h& 9 h& ) e phase ( objective religion4 ,x is q z preval5t n[1 9 proportion to ! g5]al /r5g? ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 z x ev] 01 & is visible 9 ! sacr$ness :i* all sects ( ! highe/ religions atta* to c]ta9 objects & places4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ian t\*es ! bone ( a sa9t t he may be heal$ ( an infirmity1 or :5 he speaks ( 8 *ur* edifice z 8! h\se ( ,god10 or :5 he packs 9 8 trunk a ,bible 8= luck's sake10 he is z mu* a feti% wor%ipp] z ! negro caboce] :o collects ar\nd him a ?\s& pieces ( rubbi% because he ?9ks !y h br\ght him good =tune4#aeh ,mod]n folk-lore is full ( feti%ism1 & x is a developm5t ( ! religi\s s5tim5t :i* fl\ri%es 9 all times & climes4 ,amulets1 *>ms1 lucky /ones1 ev]y?+ t we n[ call by ! famili> t]m ( mascot1 p>takes ( ! nature ( a feti%4 ,?r\gh "s fanci$ pot5cy1 n to be f\nd among its physical qualities1 x is believ$ to br+ u good =tune4 ,nor is x a di/9ctive "* ( feti% wor%ip1 z has be5 ma9ta9$ by "s1 t 9 x compulsion or con/ra9t is endeav\r$ to be ex]cis$ on ! gods to =ce !m to be fav\rable & ex]t _! p[] 9 aid ( ! supplicant4 ,! e>lie/ pray]s are n ( ?is "*1 z ,i %[$ 9 my la/ lecture2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! notion ( con/ra9+ ! gods ext5d$ widely 9 high] religions &1 inde$1 probably 9 a metaphysical s5se1 0 taught by ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity himself1 z 9 ! p>able ( ! unju/ judge4 ,z !re is no?+ deep] ?an an ext]nal di/9ction betwe5 feti%ism & idolatry1 s !re is no special =m ( religi\s ?\ght :i* expresses itself z :at has be5 call$ by ,dr4 ,tylor1 8animism10 ! belief t inanimate objects are animat$ & possess s\ls or spirits4 ,?is op9ion1 :i* 9 "o guise or ano!r1 is common to all religions & _m philosophies1 is m]ely a second>y ph5om5on ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 & n a trait *>act]i/ic ( primitive fai?s4 ,! idea ( ! ,_w-,s\l1 manife/+ itself individually 9 e =m ( matt] f ! /> to ! clod1 is z truly ! belief ( ! ,si\x ,indian or ! ,fijian cannibal1 z x 0 ( ,sp9oza or ,giordano ,bruno4#aei ,?is vague & univ]sal div9e pot5cy ext5ds ?r\gh all nature1 organic & inorganic1 express+ itself 9 p]sonality :]ev] sep>at5ess1 on5ess1 is visible4 ,n m]ely did animals & trees %>e 9 ! ,_w-s\l1 b e object :atev]4 ,) ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! commone/ /icks & /ones1 ev5 ! h\sehold vessel fa%ion$ out ( clay1 or ! holl[$ /one on :i* ! maize 0 p\nd$1 _h its spiritual ess5ce1 :i* might speak1 act1 & require to be v5]at$4#afj ,! ,vitian ,isl&]s held t ea* cocoanut _h its own _s1 & occasionally _m cocoanuts assembl$ = a jollification1 at :i* times ! joy\s crack+ ( _! sides kept ! natives awake6#afa ,b no error w\ld be great] ?an to conf\nd ?is ) a v5]ation ( su* objects 9 !mselves4 ,to ! m9d ( ! savage1 :atev] display$ movem5t1 emitt$ s\nd or od\r1 or by its def9$ limits & =m indicat$ unity1 0 to him a manife/ation 9 p]sonality ( t imp]sonal1 spiritual ,p[] ( :i* he felt himself b "o ( ! expressions4 ,all o!r expressions %>$ 8 p[]s1 & did n1 9 ess5ce1 diff] f him4 ,! brute1 ! plant1 ! /one1 ! w&]+ orbs ( night1 ! h[l+ w9d1 ! crackl+ fire1 ! t[]+ hill1 all 7 8 fell[-creatures1 inspir$ by ! same life z himself1 draw+ x f ! same univ]sal font ( life4 ,x is n )\t reason1 !re=e1 t ! undevelop$ religi\s long+s ask = some?+ concrete to repres5t div9ity4 ,?r\gh its visible & audible traits ! p[] ( ! ,unse5 ,rul] is br\ght %>ply to ! consci\sness4 ,we sympa?ise ev5 ) ! poor ,oraons ( ,b5gal1 :o1 see+ no?+ nobl] to embody ! div9e1 place a pl\gh%>e on _! alt> z ! object ( adoration4#afb ,al?\gh 9 ! limitless field ( 8 religi\s insight ev]y?+ 9 nature 0 to him a manife/ation ( div9ity1 primitive man ev]y:]e indicat$ a pref]5ce = c]ta9 objects & gr\ps ( objects1 evid5tly l$ to s+le !m out on acc\nt ( ! /r5g? or frequ5cy ( ! appeals !y make to 8 s5ses ( sight & he>+4 ,) ! utmo/ brevity ,i w enum]ate ! mo/ important ( ^! gr\ps1 & endeav\r at ! same "t to po9t out :y !y 7 ev]y:]e select$ to convey conceptions ( ! nature & attributes ( ,god4 #a4 ,! ,cele/ial ,bodies4--,! fir/ gr\p t ,i %all m5tion is t ( ! ,cele/ial ,bodies1 ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & ,/>s4 ,! traits :i* connect$ !m ) ! ideas ( ! div9e are almo/ too obvi\s to require m5tion4 ,!y are br+]s ( light & w>m?1 !y def9e ! mom5t\s *ange ( day & night1 _! motions u%] 9 ! seasons & m>k ! progress ( "t4 ,!y are remote1 al(t1 inscrutable1 dwell]s 9 a realm :i* man may di/antly p]ceive b nev] ent]4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 ( sol> my?s & /> wor%ip t e read] is aw>e ( _! practical univ]sality among e>ly nations4 ,x is probable t ! division ( our week into sev5 days arose ei!r f ! d$ication ( "o to ea* ( ! sev5 greate/ lum9>ies or to a division ( ! moon's app>5t c\rse into f\r p>ts4 ,judicial a/rology1 :i* is n yet :olly dead1 always ma9ta9$ t ! nativities 7 decid$ by ! position ( ! />s4 ,all su* survivals c>ry u back to primitive religions 9 :i* ! a/ral bodies 7 prom95t figures 9 ! cult4 ,_m writ]s h ma9ta9$ t ! ,am]ican ,indians f nor? to s\? 7 always & ma9ly sun-wor%ipp]s4 ,?\gh ?is is too ha/y a /atem5t1 ev]yone w ackn[l$ge t ! sun is ev] a conspicu\s figure 9 _! my?s & rites4 ,s x is among ! ,polynesians & ,africans1 & s we f9d x 9 ! e>ly =ms ( ,aryan1 ,semitic1 & ,egyptian belief4 ,x is at fir/ sight /range t 9 _m my?ologies ! moon plays a m important rle ?an ! sun4 ,b if we reflect t ! night is ! "t :5 spirits walk abroad2 :5 s\nds /rike ! e> ) my/]i\s notes2 :5 nocturnal birds & bea/s /ir ! s5ses ) /range cries2 :51 on ! o!r h&1 ! cool+ zephyrs & s(t moonlight br+ sweet ease1 & ! g5tle dews refre% ! p>*$ leaves2 !n we c und]/& :y1 bo? 9 mod]n folk-lore#afc & 9 primitive my?s1 ! moon & ! />s are (t5 f> m conspicu\s ?an ! flam+ sun4 ,! night1 9 fact1 draws ! veil f ! spiritual _w2 z has be5 said s beautifully by ,%elley3 8,z if yet ar\nd h] he l+]+ 71 ,?\gh ! veil ( daylight conceal$ him f h]40 ,a few examples w illu/rate ?is3 ,! ,diey]is ( ,au/ralia believe t man & all o!r be+s 7 creat$ by ! moon4 ,9 _m ,am]ican languages ! moon is reg>d$ z male & ! sun is ref]r$ to z 88 companion40 ,! ,ipur9as1 a ,brazilian tribe1 address ! orb z 8,our ,fa!r10 & imag9e him a little old man :o 0 _! ance/or & /ill wat*es ov] _! prosp]ity4 ,9 l mann] ! ea/]n ,eskimos say t _! ance/ors came f ! moon to ! e>?4 ,) ! rude tribes ( s\!rn ,borneo x is /at$ t ! v5]ation ( ! moon =ms ! *ief basis ( _! wor%ip & my?s4#afd ,i c b ref] to ! less] lum9>ies ( ! night4 ,! />s h at all times be5 associat$ ) religi\s m$itations4 ,! v>i\s con/ellations are famili> to mo/ primitive peoples & are p]sonifi$ "u liv+ =ms4 ,widely 9 ,s\? ,am]ica & ,polynesia ! ,pleiades enjoy$ an especial homage1 z m>k+ ! adv5t ( ! seasons & z connect$ ) ! production ( vegetable life4 ,9 ,p]u !y 7 /yl$ ! gods ( ra9s2 & ! natives ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia v5]at$ !m to t degree t ev5 to look at !m he$lessly 0 deem$ calamit\s2 :ile "s ,au/ralians held t x 0 f !m t fire fir/ desc5d$ to ! _w4#afe ,9 su* remote di/ricts z ,au/ralia & ,gre5l& ! ,milky-way 0 reg>d$ z ! pa? by :i* ! s\ls asc5d$ to _! homes 9 ! sky4 ,9 ! "o l& ! ,aurora ,au/ralis1 9 ! o!r ! ,aurora ,borealis1 0 look$ ^u z ! dance ( ! gods across ! />-lit vault4 ,inde$1 ! /udy ( ! /ell> bodies & ! def9ition ( _! p]iodical appe>ance date directly to ! v5]ation !y excit$ 9 religi\s m9ds4 #b4 ,! ,f\r ,elem5ts4--,! simple !ory t ! _w is compos$ ( f\r elem5ts1 fire1 wat]1 air1 & e>?1 is "o :i* pres5ts itself s naturally to primitive ?\ght t traces ( x c be se5 9 mo/ my?ologies :i* h pass$ beyond ! rudim5t>y =ms4 ,ea* ( ^! elem5ts has its own gr\p ( religi\s associations1 & !y pres5t !mselves ) t uni=mity :i* we f9d s univ]sal 9 religi\s expression1 to be expla9$1 z ,i h s (t5 said1 by ! id5tity ev]y:]e ( ! psy*ic s\rces ( religion4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ ( all ! elem5ts to receive ?is adoration 0 fire4 ,) its discov]y man fir/ ent]$ into human social life4 ,ev]y:]e & 9 all peoples x has be5 9 a mann] sacr$4 ,) ! ,kafirs e religi\s c]emony mu/ be p]=m$ 9 front ( a fire4#aff ,9 ! ,rig ,v$a ! crackl+ ( ! blaz+ twigs is reg>d$ z ! spee* ( ! gods1 j z x is to-day 9 ,borneo4 ,! in/itutions ( ! sacr$ fire & ! p]petual fire recur 9 e cont95t1 & we h b to ent] a *ur* ( ! ,roman communion on ! morn+ ( ,holy ,saturday to witness ! impressive c]emonies ) :i* ! creation ( ! 8new fire0 is to ?is day celebrat$ 9 our mid/4 ,! cu/om ( pass+ an infant 8?r\gh ! fire0 0 z mu* practis$ by ! ,aztecs 9 ,mexico z by ! ,molo* wor%ipp]s ( ,syria4#afg ,! ,p]uvians held t div9e inspiration 0 to be obta9$ by sacrifices to ! god ( fire2 & ^? ( ,guatemala ador$ x z _! greate/ & olde/ deity4#afh ,9 all ^! & 9 a hundr$ o!r examples :i* ,i might cite1 ! ma9 ?\ght is t 9 fire & its products--w>m?1 heat1 light1 flame--lies ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( life2 & ! wor%ip ( ,life 0 ! c5tral1 positive conception 9 primitive c]emonies4 ,! air to e>ly man is recognis$ 9 motion z ! w9ds2 & ^!1 9 8 my?s & rites1 occupy a conspicu\s position4 ,conceiv$ z f\r1 bl[+ m or less directly f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?-plane1 !y are ! ra9-br+]s1 ! gods ( ! seasons & ! ye>1 controll+ ! products ( ! h>ve/ & h5ce ! happ9ess & life ( man4 ,! outl9es ( ! /ory are ! same :e!r we li/5 to ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&1 :o tell u ( ,ta:iri-matea1 god ( ! w9ds1 :o divid$ 8 prog5y into f\r broods & s5t "o to ea* qu>t] ( ! compass2 to ! ,eskimos1 :o n>rate j ! same ( ,sillam ,innua1 own] ( ! w9ds1 & 8 f\r sons2 or to a score ( l my?s :i* ,i c\ld quote f ,am]ican /oryl&4#afi ,! h\se ( ! w9ds1 :]e !y are imag9$ to be /or$1 a my?ical notion :i* ,pr(essor ,s*w>tz has %[n to be s wide-spread 9 ! ,old ,_w1 recurs ) sc>cely less frequ5cy 9 ! ,new ,_w4#agj ,wat]1 z moi/ure1 ! dew1 ! f]tilis+ %[]s1 ! gre5 bord]$ /reams & lakes1 0 ev] connect$ ) vegetable life & its symbols4 ,9 mo/ cosmogonies ! l& rose f ! bosom ( "s primal sea2 9 mo/ primitive geographies ! solid e>? is surr\nd$ by ! mighty ocean-/ream :i* /ret*es out to ! utt]mo/ space4 8,all ( u10 said ! ,aztecs1 8are *ildr5 ( wat]40 ,h5ce ! spr+1 ! /ream1 ! lake1 0 ev] reg>d$ z a b5efic5t be+1 :o %\ld rightly call = ! adoration ( ! true 9 s\l4 ,tlaloc1 god ( ra9s1 & ! _m-nam$ gods ( ! heav5ly vase 9 :i* ! ra9s 7 /or$ on high1 7 conspicu\s figures 9 ! ,am]ican pan!on4#aga ,virgil speaks ( 8,oceanus1 pat] r]um02 & 9 ! ,f9ni% epic1 ! ,kalewala1 x reads3 8,?ree infants came =? f ! same womb2 wat] ! olde/1 fire ! y\nge/1 & iron betwe5 !m40#agb ,wat] also ent]$ into numb]less rites ( purification1 ( p5it5ce1 & sanctification4#agc ,baptism by spr9kl+ or imm]sion belongs to ! mo/ anci5t sacr$ rites2 & ! use ( ! fluid 9 div9ation1 lu/ration1 & libation 0 _w-wide4 ,! mo/ v5]able god ( ,*aldean my?ology 0 a1 "l ( ! e>? & 8! wat]s "u ! e>?40 ,he 0 ! deity 9 ^: gift 7 ! h>ve/1 ! g]m9ation ( se$s1 ! f]tility ( ! soil4 ,ext5d+ ! idea to embrace all life1 ! ,aztecs wor%ipp$ ! e>? z ,tonantz91 ,our ,belov$ ,"m1 & ! ,p]uvians z ,mama ,co*a1 ,"m ,e>?4 ,f h] womb1 said !y1 d all t live proce$1 & to h] sil5t brea/ w all aga9 return4 ,f> bel[ h] opaque surface is ! realm :i* ! sun lights at night1 ! abode ( happy s\ls1 said ! ,aztecs1 rul$ by ! clem5t ,quetzalcoatl1 :o !re abides until ! "t fix$ = 8 return to m54 ,f b5ea? ! e>?1 repeat a hundr$ my?ologies1 did ! fir/ ( m5 em]ge seek+ ! light above b los+ ! joy bel[4 ,s t 9 su* di/ant po9ts z ,kamts*atka & ! ,&aman ,isl&s we meet ! same prophetic my? t at ! end ( ! _w ! pres5t e>? w be turn$ upside d[n1 & its !n inhabitants w rejoice 9 ! p]5nial w>m? & light ( ! happi] "u-_w4#agd ,intimately associat$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! f\r elem5ts1 & also ) ! my?s ( ! cosmical concepts1 we trace ?r\gh primitive religions ! sacr$ness & symbolism ( col\rs4 ,ev]y:]e1 9 all cults1 !y are connect$ ) c]ta9 tra9s ( religi\s ?\ghts1 c]ta9 expressions ( religi\s emotions1 ?\gh by no means always ! same4 ,b ,i c only ref]1 9 pass+1 to ?is ext5d$ subject1 :i* has n yet receiv$ ! psy*ologic analysis :i* its importance dem&s4#age #c4 ,/ones & ,rocks4--,:5 we turn f ^! univ]sal elem5ts1 :i* we c readily conceive portray$ ) "s comm5surate greatness ! idea ( ! sup]natural1 to su* a gross & mat]ial object z a /one1 a common /one or rock1 x is at fir/ difficult to und]/& its wide-spread acceptance z a symbol ( ! div9e4 ,b if we reflect on its h>dness & durability1 on its col\r & lu/re1 & on ! /range %apes 9 :i* x is f\nd1 we c see :y x 0 s *os54 ,9 ! e>ly ,semitic records we (t5 read ( ,be?-el1 ! ,h\se ( ,god4 ,?is 0 usually no?+ b an amorph\s /one1 :i* ! god 0 suppos$ to inhabit4 ,! holy ,kaaba ( ,mahometanism is no d\bt su* an "o1 a r\gh1 black piece ( rock4 ,! sacr$ image ( ,diana ( ! ,ephesians 0 no?+ m1 & ! ,lat9 fa!r ,arnobius tells u t ! image ( e>?1 ! ,great ,"m1 br\ght to ,rome f ,phrygia ) sumptu\s pomp1 0 m]ely 8a small black /one1 r\gh & unhewn40#agf ,to ?is in/ance1 :]e ! /one repres5ts ! ,e>? z ! common "m1 we f9d _m exact p>allels 9 savage fai?s4 ,9 ! ,tahitian my?s1 ,papa1 ,rock1 0 ! "n ( ! wife ( ! fir/ man1 "m ( ! race ( m51 & "u ?is =m %e 0 ador$4#agg ,! ,zulus consid]$ c]ta9 /ones z sacr$1 because f "o su*1 :i* split 9 two1 _! ance/ors em]g$4 ,_! neighb\rs1 ! ,basutos1 ent]ta9 ! same notion ( a sph]oidal granite b\ld] 9 _! c\ntry1 & _! wor%ip ( x consi/s 9 danc+ ar\nd x & spitt+ at x4 ,! ,indians ( ,colombia ass]t$ t all m5 7 once /ones1 & all w aga9 become su*4#agh ,^? ( ,guatemala 7 wont to place a small poli%$ /one 9 ! m\? ( ! dy+ to receive ! s\l1 & ?us supply x ) a p]man5t abode4 ,! mo/ common ( mascots is a 8lucky /one10 & ?is goes back to ! "t :5 su* 0 ! fav\rite mat]ial = h\sehold feti%es4 ,to ?is day ! ,can>as ( ,india believe t ! ,bhutas1 or famili> spirits1 inhabit r\gh /ones1 & 9 ,melanesia simil> /ones are held to be ! abode ( ! vui or demonic intellig5ces4#agi ,ano!r s\rce ( ! sacr$ness ( /ones 0 _! id5tification z 8?und]bolts40 ,c]ta9 ones 7 believ$ to be ! missiles hurl$ f ! sky by ! ,?und] ,god 9 ! lightn+ fla%2 ?\gh ! ,p]uvians _h ! pretti] belief t1 z ! product ( ! heav5ly fire1 !y mu/ reta9 its ard5cy1 & !re=e us$ !m z love *>ms4#ahj ,fl9t1 :i* :5 /ruck ) a bit ( pyrites emits a sp>k1 & meteoric /ones 7 especially recognis$ by ^! m>ks z ( cele/ial orig94 ,su* a fl9t /one1 say ! leg5ds ( ! ,nahuas1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w fell f heav5 to e>?2 z x broke to pieces ea* fragm5t rose to life z a demi-god4 ,all m51 add$ ! ,mexicans1 came orig9ally f su* /ones4#aha ,yet ano!r orig9 ( god-/ones 0 ! cu/om ( erect+ !m z monum5ts ( ! dead4 ,we c see ?is 9 its simplicity 9 ,s\!rn ,polynesia4 ,:5 a *ief dies1 a coral slab ab\t ?ree feet long is plac$ erect ov] 8 grave--a tomb/one1 9 o!r words4 ,?is is deck$ ) fl[]s & g>l&s1 food is (f]$ x1 & invocations pron\nc$ be=e x1 precisely z to a div9ity4 ,?is is because ! _s ( ! dep>t$ *ief is believ$ to dwell )9 x4#ahb ,x 0 equally sacr$ :5 ! /one 0 a m]e c5otaph erect$ 9 memory ( a dep>t$ *ief or sa9t4 ,su* are f\nd 9 all l&s & 9 all cults4 ,!y are ! m5hirs ( ! ,celts1 & ! grave-/ones ( ! ,kod]s ( ,india1 (t5 pa9t$ 9 /rong col\rs4#ahc ,c]ta9 /ones1 especially ^? we call 8preci\s10 ! gems1 h physical traits ( transp>5cy1 lu/re1 & col\r1 :i* h ev] made !m priz$1 & l$ to ! belief t !y ex]cise peculi> p[]s on ! m9d4 ,?r\gh\t ,asia & ,am]ica ! v>ieties ( jade or nephrite1 a gre5i%1 semi-transluc5t m9]al1 has _h a wide-spread reputation = sacr$ mean+ & magical pot5cy4 ,! *al*iuhite ( ! ,mexicans1 small gre5 /ones1 believ$ to control ! wea!r & repres5tative ( ! goddess ( ! wat]s & ! ra9s1 7 ( ?is mat]ial4 ,by att5tively gaz+ into ! transp>5cy ( a qu>tz cry/al1 ! ,maya %aman ( ,yucatan /ill believes t he w see 9 its dep?s1 unfold$ by ! god ^: dwell+ x is1 ! picture ( ! future & ! decrees ( fate4 #d4 ,trees & ,plants4--,primitive man 0 arboreal4 ,a holl[ tree 0 8 home1 its bran*es 8 place ( refuge1 its fruit 8 su/5ance4 ,naturally ! tree became associat$ ) 8 e>lie/ religi\s ?\ghts4 ,x repres5t$ 8 protect+ deity4 ,he w\ld n will+ly injure x4 ,:5 ! ,m&ans cut a pole = _! t5ts1 !y swa? x 9 b&ages s t its pa9 may be allay$4 ,! ,hidatsas w\ld n cut d[n a l>ge cottonwood tree1 because x gu>d$ _! tribe4 ,! ,algonqu9s deck$ an old oak ) (f]+s susp5d$ to its bran*es1 = ! same reason4#ahd ,trees f _! dripp+ foliage1 & because _! %ade 0 associat$ ) ! grey ( a cl\dy day1 7 believ$ to make ! ra9s & ?us to refre% ! fields & f]tilise ! se$s ( ! vegetable _w4 ,! /ep 0 easily tak5 to ext5d ?is to all g]ms1 animal z well z vegetable4 ,?us ! tree came to symbolise ! s\rce ( ,life1 & to repres5t bo? ! cl\ds & ra9s & ! fa!rhood ( m5 & brutes4 ,x c\ld cause flocks to multiply & ! b>r5 womb to conceive4#ahe ,among ! ,mexicans1 ! tree 0 invok$ z ,tota1 8,our ,fa!r10 & 0 spok5 ( z god ( ! wat]s & ! gre5 foliage4 ,"s p>ticul> species 0 *os5 z ! totem ( v>i\s ,am]ican g5tes1 & 9 ! e>lie/ leg5ds ( ,greece & ,p]sia sundry fam\s families trac$ _! desc5t f a tree4 ,^! ideas l$ to ! my?ical association ( ! tree ) ! orig9 ( life1 & ) v>i\s objective expressions ( ?is 9 ! cult4 ,9 mo/ ,am]ican /ories :]e we he> ( ! fir/ ( m5 em]g+ f ! "u-_w1 x is by climb+ a tree4 ,?is tree also supports ! sky1 & is s repres5t$ 9 ! native books ( ! ,mayas & ,nahuas4#ahf ,! ,yuruc>es ( ,bolivia relate t _! god ,tiri1 :5 he w\ld p ! e>? ) m51 cleft a tree1 & f ! op5+ came =? ! v>i\s tribes ( ! _w4#ahg ,:5 ! tree 0 n wor%ipp$ z itself1 b "u a symbolic =m1 ?is 0 usually z ! sacr$ pole or ! cross4 ,! sacr$ pole 0 f\nd widely among ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,x 0 plant$ 9 ! c5tre ( _! villages1 or1 if ! tribe 0 nomadic1 x 0 c>ri$ ab\t 9 an ark or wrapp+ & set up 9 a t5t by itself 9 _! encampm5t4 ,x typifi$ ! communal life ( ! tribe & repres5t$ ! 8my/]y tree10 :i* 0 intimately associat$ 9 _! leg5d>y orig94#ahh ,9 e>ly art ! cross z a sacr$ design is (t5 d]iv$ f ! conv5tional figure ( a tree1 & symbolises ! =ce ( life1 ! f\r w9ds1 ! ra91 & ! wat]s4 ,?is is notably ! case 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :]e we h abundant te/imony t ?is is ! orig9 & mean+ ( ! cross-symbol s frequ5t on _! monum5ts4 ,! sacr$ tree is a conspicu\s figure 9 ! e>lie/ bas-reliefs ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,x is (t5 repres5t$ 9 a cruci=m %ape1 & frequ5tly a w+$ s]aph is hold+ up to x a p9e cone1 ! fruit ( ! sacr$ c$>1 ei!r z an emblem ( f]tility1 or1 m likely1 z an asp]gillum1 ) :i* to b$ew x f ! holy wat]1 :i* is c>ri$ 9 a bucket 9 ! o!r h&4#ahi ,t a tree is a 8?+ ( life0 x is h>d = u ev5 yet to d\bt1 & we c sc>cely avoid be+ attract$ by ,fe*n]'s pleas+ !ories ( a 8plant-s\l40#aij ,! s\nd ( ! w9d 9 ! leaves1 ris+ f ! s(te/ ( my/ic :isp]s to ! ro>+ ( ! wild bla/1 seems to proce$ f "s m9d or _s4 ,! ,au/ralians say t ^! are ! voices ( ! gho/s ( ! dead1 commun+ "o ) ano!r1 or w>n+ ! liv+ ( :at is to come4 ,!y & o!r tribes also believe t x is ?r\gh und]/&+ ?is my/]i\s language t ! 8doctors10 or %amans1 communicate ) ! _w ( spirits & d]ive _! sup]natural k4#aia ,h5ce we c easily see arose ! my? ( 8! tree ( k10 :i* we f9d 9 ! e>lie/ ,semitic annals & monum5ts4 ,x belong$ to ! same species z ! oracul> oak ( ,zeus at ,dodona1 & ! laurel ( ,apollo at ,delphi1 f ! :isp]s ( ^: leaves ! sibyls int]pret$ ! say+s ( ! gods4 ,n only 0 a tree ! e>lie/ h\se ( man1 x 0 also 8 fir/ temple4 ,t v ^w 8temple0 be>s witness to ! fact1 = x is f ! ,greek 1 a sacr$ grove set ap>t z a place ( wor%ip4 ,! aspir+ l9es ( ,go?ic ca!drals simulate ! trunks ( sl5d] & maje/ic trees c>ry+ ! eye & ! s\l al(t1 & by _! ov]rea*+ limbs %utt+ out ! gl>e ( day1 ?us lead+ ! m9d to holy m$itation4 ,tacitus describes ! ,g]mans z build+ no temples1 b wor%ipp+ _! my/]i\s div9ity1 secretum illud1 9 ! gloom ( ! =e/4 #e4 ,places & ,sites4--,e>ly man /ays close to ! soil4 ,x is prov$1 by ! di/ribution ( ! olde/ /one implem5ts1 t primitive tribes 7 n g5]ally migratory1 & _h little int]c\rse ) _! neighb\rs4 ,h5ce ! m closely did !y /udy _! imm$iate surr\nd+s2 & a spot :i* 0 m>k$ by "s peculi> feature 0 soon associat$ ) _! all-p]meat+ religi\s notions1 & 0 deem$ sacr$4 ,^! features c usually be easily recognis$4 ,a spr+1 well1 or f\nta91 :]e f dry e>?1 or out ( ! rock1 p\rs =? ! cry/al fluid on :i* dep5ds ! life ( man & brute & plant1 0 ev]y:]e a holy spot4 ,! brook :i* fl[$ f x1 *att]+ its endless tale among ! pebbles1 0 sc>cely less s4 ,x 0 directly said & (t repeat$ by ! ,greeks t ! manteia1 ! holy inspiration1 0 imp>t$ at ! f\nta9 ( ,p>nassus or at ! ,pi]ian spr+4 ,! ,moxos ( ,bolivia claim desc5t f ! /ream on :i* _! villages are situat$1 a m ?an figurative expression ( _! dep5d5ce on x = food & dr9k4#aib ,! sacr$ "* ( 8high places10 su* z hills1 m\nta9s1 or elevat$ plateaux1 is intimately connect$ ) ! univ]sal belief 9 8! ,fa!r 9 ,heav510 ! sky z ! home & ! ?rone ( ! greate/ div9ities4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! t]re/rial 8,hills ( ,heav510 locat$1 z a rule1 )9 ! tribal area4#aic ,a high hill or m\nta91 reg>d$ by itself z a p]sonality1 w\ld ju/ly be look$ ^u z ( extraord9>y might1 & invok$ z a pot5t aid 9 ! und]tak+s ( life4 ,9 ! invocations ( ! ,qui*es ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :o live 9 ! mid/ ( l(ty peaks1 ov] "o hundr$ ( !m are nam$ & implor$ = aid4 ,! 8,he>t ( ! ,hills0 is ! title :i* ! anci5t ,mexicans appli$ to "o ( _! greate/ gods4 ,a ?ird & important trait :i* gave !m sacr$ness is ! /r5g? ( ! e*o :i* is return$ f _! n>r[ gorges or precipit\s sides4 ,m\nta9 wor%ip is v g5]ally oracul> 9 "*4 ,classical & famili> examples ( ?is are ! ,py?oness & ! ,roman ,sibyl4 ,m\nta9 caves are natural temples1 & z ! cave1 l ! holl[ tree1 is a ready-built h\se = ! w&]+ savage1 s x is also m>vell\sly adapt$ to 8 ends z a %r9e4 ,?r\gh\t ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica we f9d ! caves *os5 z ! temples ( ! mightie/ deities & ! depositories ( ! holie/ relics4#aid ,! sacr$ness ( "s spots arose f _! adaptation to c]ta9 rites1 religi\s or magical4 ,?us1 = ! h>uspices to practise _! specialty 9 div9ation1 !y mu/ *oose a spot :]e !y c\ld wat* ! flight ( birds4 ,! sacrifices to ! god ( heav5 %\ld be "u ! op5 sky1 & ! ,mayas ( ,yucatan believ$ t :5 ! sun 0 9 ! z5i? & ! sacr$ fire 0 k9dl$ b5ea? x1 ! ineffable ,deity desc5d$ 9 ! =m ( a bright plumag$ ara & p>took ( ! (f]+4 ,places ( ?is k9d 7 ( c\rse laid "u tabu1 & ?us res]v$ = _! sacr$ uses only4 ,sometimes !y 7 enclos$1 b (t5 ! community 0 suffici5tly in=m$ ab\t !m to make ?is unnecess>y4 ,! fame ( ^! sacr$ places & ! p[]s ( ! gods :o dwelt )9 !m ext5d$ widely ev5 9 v primitive conditions4 ,?is gave rise to ! cu/om ( pilgrimages1 q z famili> to ! ,am]ican ,indians be=e ,columbus z to ! ,europeans ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re 7 fam\s holy places on ! isl& ( ,cozumel & 9 ,colombia & ,p]u1 to :i* pi\s palm]s w5d$ _! way ov] _m hundr$ miles ( we>y j\rney+4 ,! local div9ity naturally drew 8 col\r+ & 8 ma9 attributes f ! spot itself1 & ^? 9 turn gave a simil> local physiognomy to 8 rites & functions4 ,we h ?us a k9d ( geographical "* impress$ on e>ly religions1 :i* _! lat] developm5ts reta9$ long aft] !y _h be5 sev]$ f _! fir/ mean+s & _h drift$ to o!r climes & ali5 races4 #f4 ,! ,l[] ,animals4--,! primitive m9d did n recognise any deep di/9ction betwe5 ! l[] animals & man4 ,! savage knew t ! bea/ 0 8 sup]ior 9 _m po9ts1 9 craft & /r5g?1 9 fleetness & intuition1 & he reg>d$ x ) respect4 ,to him1 ! brute _h a s\l n inf]ior to 8 own1 & a language :i* ! wise among m5 might on occasion le>n4 ,! /range p[]s & my/]i\s faculties !y (t5 possess 7 to him inexplicable by any o!r doctr9e ?an t !y 7 div9e2 !re=e1 ) wide unanimity1 he plac$ c]ta9 species ( animals ne>] to ,god ?an is man himself1 or ev5 id5tifi$ !m ) ! manife/ations ( ! ,highe/4 ,none 0 9 ?is respect a great] fav\rite ?an ! bird4 ,its so>+ flight1 its /range or sweet notes1 ! m>k$ hues ( its plumage1 comb9$ to r5d] x a fit emblem ( p[] & beauty4 ,! ,dyaks ( ,borneo trace _! desc5t to ,s+alang ,burong1 ! god ( birds2 & birds z ! ance/ors ( ! totemic family are extremely common among ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,! ,eskimos say t !y h ! faculty ( s\l or life beyond all o!r creatures1 & 9 mo/ primitive tribes !y h be5 reg>d$ z ! mess5g]s ( ! div9e & ! special purveyors ( ! vital pr9ciple4 ,accord+ to ! my?s ( ! ,polynesians1 ! gods 9 ! old times us$ to speak to man ?r\gh ! c>ols ( ! fea!r$ song/]s2 & ev]y:]e1 to be able to und]/& ! language ( birds 0 equival5t to be+ able to conv]se ) ! gods4 ,! *ief god ( ! ,murray ,riv] ,au/ralians 0 ,n\rali4 ,he 0 immortal1 self-creat$1 & ! creator ( all4 ,! =m "u :i* !y conceiv$ him 0 t ( a bird1 a cr[ or eagle4 ,among ne>ly all ! tribes ( ! ,nor?-we/ ,coa/ & ! adjac5t int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica1 ! creation ( ! _w is attribut$ to a rav51 ,yetl1 :o is p]sonat$ 9 ! d>k ?und]-cl\d4 ,s\? ( !m1 9 ! wide-spread ,algonqu9 /ock1 ?is 8?und]-bird0 is a conspicu\s figure 9 art & my?2 & we c\ld pursue our way q to ! extreme s\? ( ! cont95t1 & ev]y:]e among ! aborig9al tribes we %\ld discov] simil> sacr$ associations connect$ ) ! birds4 ,!y are univ]sal 9 religions1 & ^? :i* we meet 9 ,*ri/ian art1 ! eagle1 ! dove1 etc41 c>ry ) !m significations alli$ to ^? !y be> 9 e>li] & primitive symbolism4#aie ,closely connect$ ) ^! ideas 0 ! rev]5ce ( ! egg z ! symbol ( ! orig9 ( life4 ,plut>* tells u t 9 ! ,bac*ic my/]ies ! egg repres5t$ matt] 9 its g]m9al condition1 t is1 ! pot5tiality ( life2 & ?is mean+ we h reta9$ ) ! symbol 9 our cu/oms relat+ to ,ea/] eggs on ! morn+ ( ! ,resurrection4 ,! d]ivation f ! obs]vation ( ! bird brood+ on its ne/ is obvi\s1 & no wond] !re=e t ! symbol ) alli$ my?s & rites ext5ds ?r\gh all religions4 ,9 ! creation leg5d ( ! ,y>os1 a ,dravida tribe ( ,nor!rn ,india1 ! goddess ,nu/oo1 :o creat$ ! _w1 came into life f a self-evolv$ egg1 & dwelt on ! petals ( a wat]-lily until %e _h =m$ & m\ld$ ! l& = h] abode4 ,! ,dyaks ( ,borneo relate t aft] ! ,supreme ,be+ _h creat$ ! _w1 ! god ,rany+ desc5d$ to ! new e>? & =m$ !re sev5 eggs1 :i* conta9$ ! g]ms ( man & woman1 all animals & plants4#aif ,?is example1 ( ! bird1 :i* ,i h giv5 9 "s detail1 w illu/rate ! cult ( an animal =m4 ,x by no means /&s alone 9 its univ]sality4 ,p]haps ev5 m /rik+ is ! s-call$ 8s]p5t-wor%ip10 :i* has occupi$ ! att5tion ( s _m writ]s4 ,! adoration ( ! s]p5t-symbol is wond]fully wide-spread4 ,sc>cely a native tribe c be nam$ 9 regions :]e ?is animal is kn[n1 :i* does n pay x "s sort ( rev]5ce4 ,"s writ]s h trac$ ! s5tim5t back to ! an?ropoid prog5itor ( man1 suppos$ to dwell 9 tropical =e/s ab\nd+ 9 v5om\s snakes4 ,b into ?is ext5sive "q ,i _c ent]4 ,! symbolic value ( mo/ animal deities c be trac$ to "s peculi> trait ( ! species4 ,?us ! liz>d1 v prom95t 9 ! religions ( ,polynesia1 ,au/ralia1 & ,s\? ,africa1 d]iv$ its significance f ! nocturnal habits ( "s species & ! diurnal habits ( o!rs4#aig ,9 ,am]ica1 ! frog 0 ! symbol ( wat]1 ov] a va/ area2 & t x has precisely ! same mean+ 9 ,au/ralia1 w cause no a/oni%m5t :5 we recall its amphibi\s nature4 ,! fi%1 z ! emblem ( life1 famili> 9 ,*ri/ian symbolism1 dates back to e>lie/ ,*aldean times1 :5 ,oannes1 a =m ( ! god a1 appe>$ z half fi% & half man1 & is a p>allel ( ! fi%-god :o s[s ! se$ ( man 9 ! flood my?s ( bo? ! ,brahmans & ! ,mexicans4 ,x is b ano!r expression ( ! recognition ( wat] z ! s\rce or condition ( life4 ,! totemic animals1 or 8eponym\s ance/ors10 ( ! clans or g5tes among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 are n to be tak5 lit]ally4 ,!y 7 n und]/ood z animals ( ! sort we see to-day1 b z my?ical1 anci5t be+s1 ( sup]natural attributes1 :o clo!d !mselves 9 ^? =ms = _! own purposes4 #g4 ,man4--,t :5 ! brute 0 at times inve/$ ) ! aureole ( ! ,div9e1 man himself %\ld at times p>take ( its glory1 ne$ be expect$4 ,b "h let an important di/9ction be drawn4 ,nev] z man 0 he clo!d 9 ! attributes ( ,deity1 b j 9 s f> z he 0 deem$ to be m ?an man4 ,! ,lat9 say+1 deus hom9i deus1 nev] 0 true any:]e 9 its lit]al s5se4 ,an?ropism nev] exi/$ 9 any religion4 ,man or ! lik5ess ( man 0 nev] wor%ipp$ by reason ( any human attribute1 b solely = ^? believ$ to be m ?an human1 sup]human4 ,! tribes ( ,polynesia did adore _! *iefta9s2 ! anci5t ,egyptians & _m ano!r p did pay _! rul]s div9e hon\r1 & rank !m among ! gods2 b always because !y consid]$ !m p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature1 %>]s 9 t :i* is ev] beyond m]e humanity4#aih ,?is pr(\nd di/9ction betwe5 ! human & ! humanis$ div9e 0 s\ght to be express$ by mo/ tribes by fa%ion+ ! images ( ! gods 9 vaguely human %apes1 b ) non-human elem5ts4 ,diana ) h] hundr$ brea/s1 ,brahma ) 8 doz5s ( arms1 ,janus ) 8 d\ble face1 & scores ( o!r in/ances w at once rise 9 ! memory4 ,enorm\s size1 impossible features1 accessories su* z w+s1 tails1 multiple heads & limbs1 indicate n1 z "s w\ld h x1 a deprav$ arti/ic ta/e1 b ! ef=t ( ! pi\s c>v] to express 9 8 "w ! non-human & sup]human "* ( ! be+ he sets be=e ! ador+ eyes ( ! vot>ies4 ,x 0 only 9 a few gift$ & glori\s natures1 notably ! anci5t ,greeks1 t ! true di/9ction rose to full consci\sness 9 ! arti/ic s\l--t 9 _! corporeal =ms ! gods diff] f m5 9 _! sup]ior & mat*less beauty1 9 _! p]fect symmetry & noble proportions4 ,!y recognis$ t !re is some?+ 9 beauty itself1 :i*1 9 its highe/ expression1 p>takes truly & really ( ! div9e1 & leads man to ! contemplation ( laws beyond ^? ( nature or ( life1 laws :i* are ! expression ( ! deep h>monies ( ! univ]se4 ,?is 0 ! triumph ( an?ropomorphism4 ,pursu+ ! m]ely objective1 ! m]ely animal1 x 0 l$ by ! unse5 h& :i* guides man to 8 de/9y into ! pa? :i* conduct$ f> beyond :at ! s5ses c tea*1 into ! realm ( ! ideal & ! et]nal1 to 8! measures & ! =ms1 ,:i* ! ab/ract intellig5ce supplies1 ,^: k+dom is :]e ,"t & ,space are n40 ,su* are "s ( ! numb]less objects ) :i* primitive man associat$ 8 idea ( ! ,div9e4 ,! nature ( ?is association mu/ n be misund]/ood4 ,i repeat :at ,i h already said1 t x 0 n an id5tification ( ! spiritual ) ! mat]ial4 ,! object 0 hall[$1 n f any?+ 9 itself1 b z ! m$ium ( invisible p[]4 #h4 ,life & its ,transmission4--,:at ,pr(essor ,otfri$ ,mll] has s well said ( ! olde/ =ms ( ! ,greek & ,etruscan religions holds true 9 all primitive fai?s3 8,to !m1 div9ity seem$ a _w ( ,life1 blossom+ =? f an imp5etrable dep? into def9ite =ms & individual expressions40#aii ,all gods & holy objects 7 m]ely vehicles ?r\gh :i* ,life & ,p[] p\r$ into ! _w f ! inexhau/ible & imp]sonal s\rce ( bo?4 ,i w illu/rate ?is fir/ f ! v anci5t religion ( ! ,etruscans & !n po9t out suffici5t analogies 9 mod]n savage tribes4 ,t v5]able p1 ^: massive cities built be=e ,rome 0 f\nd$ /ill survive1 held t !re 0 a s+le s\rce ( all exi/5ce1 animate & inanimate4 ,its imm$iate ag5ts 7 ! my/]i\s 8veil$ gods10 ^: numb] 0 unkn[n & ^: names 7 nev] utt]$4 ,!y 7 ! *annels ( ! div9e ,w1 ?r\gh :i* x pass$ to ! twelve highe/ kn[n gods1 call$ ! ,cons5tes or ,companions1 & ^! transmitt$ x ?r\gh ^? innum]able spirits1 :om ! ,lat9s call$ ,g5ii1 to its realisation 9 objective exi/5ce4 ,! ^w g5ius means a produc] or begett]2 b n 9 any lit]al s5se1 = n only e man & animate be+ _h su* a g5ius1 b also e plant1 e city1 e place1 e inanimate object1 _h "o also4 ,cle>ly1 !re=e1 ! ^w ref]s to an act ( ! creative p[] 9 ! ab/ract or spiritual s5se4 ,! g5ii 7 ! proximate causes ( exi/5ce1 b !y 7 !mselves 8emanations f ! great gods10 & ^! 9 turn 7 m]ely ! *annels ( ! inexhau/ible s\rce ( all life beyond4 ,?is 0 ! doctr9e ( ! ,etruscans & also ( ! ,greeks4 ,i may comp>e x ) ! belief ( "o ( ! mo/ bruti% ( b>b>ian hordes1 ! ,itelm5 ( ,kamts*atka4 ,beyond all visible ?+s1 say !y1 is ! ultimate ,p[]1 ,dusda*ts*i%1 invisible1 remote4 ,no wor%ip & no (f]+s are t5d]$ him o!r ?an t c]ta9 pill>s are erect$ & deck$ ) fl[]s & g>l&s 9 8 hon\r4 ,_! ,jupit] is ,kutka4 ,x 0 said ( him t he _h m>ri$ all creatures & 0 ! common fa!r ( all4 ,x 0 he :o made l& & wat] 9 _! pres5t =ms & inv5t$ all arts4 ,to him ! visible _w ow$ its exi/5ce1 ?\gh n its orig94 ,_m discr$itable /ories 7 told ( him1 & he is z mu* curs$ = ! evils ( life z prais$ = its advantages4 ,x is he :o f9ds s\ls = all exi/5ces1 & pres]ves _! spirits :5 ! body decays4 ,we mu/ n be bl9d$ to ! true significance ( su* my?s by ! (t5 mat]ial1 co>se1 & vulg> images "u :i* !y are pres5t$4 ,inde$1 if !y are prop]ly compreh5d$1 we may expla9 & r$eem f obloquy mu* 9 ! hea!n leg5ds :i* ,arnobius#bjj & o!r fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* d5\nc$ ) bitt] & vehem5t imprecation4 ,we %\ld consid] :e!r !y are n nave symbols1 *os51 ) a crude innoc5ce ( evil1 to convey objectively ! idea ( ! et]nally r5ew$ life ( nature4 ,?is reflection w expla9 to u ! true significance ( ^? objects f anci5t & savage cults :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! lock$ rooms ( museums1 9 _! secret draw]s & curta9$ cases4 ,!y are too apt to be con/ru$ z pro(s ( impurity & degradation4 ,su* an int]pretation w\ld be sadly at v>iance ) ! fact4 ,!re 71 inde$1 & (t51 lic5ti\s rites1 delib]ate indec5cies1 practis$ "u ! cloak ( religion by unscrupul\s rul]s & debas$ prie/s4 ,^! 7 ali5ations & pro/itutions ( religion4 ,9 ! g5u9e & primitive fai?s1 ! symbols ( ! reproduction & transmission ( life 7 frequ5t & public1 & 7 n associat$ ) ?\ghts or acts ( debau*]y4 ,!y 7 visible emblems ( t ,_s ( ,life :i*1 beyond all else1 0 ! unify+ in/9ct ( religi\s expression4 ,?is in/9ct l$ man ev]y:]e to call ^u ,god z ,fa!r1 z p>5t ( :atev] is1 8,pan-g5itor10 z he is /yl$ 9 ! ,orphic hymns4 ,9 e race1 9 all ages1 h m5's pray]s asc5d$ to 8,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav540 ,7 we to li/5 to ! rude ,au/ralian1 we %\ld he> him invok+ ,papang1 8,fa!r02 or ,mam9-gata1 or ,mungan-naur1 8,our ,fa!r10 9 8 v>i\s dialects4 ,among ! ,aztecs ( ,mexico1 x w\ld be ,to-ta1 8,our ,fa!r02 ) ! ,am]ican tribes ( ! nor?1 8gr&-fa!r10 or 8great fa!r02 9 ! ,brahmnas ( ,india1 ,pita1 8,fa!r02 ) ! ,greeks & ,romans1 ,dios ,pat]1 8! heav5ly ,fa!r02 & ) ! nor!rn ,vik+s1 ,od9 ,all-fa!r4#bja ,b a vital di/9ction has be5 claim$ to exi/ betwe5 su* t]ms & t fa!rhood ( ,god :i* we h be5 taught to ackn[l$ge4 8,9 hea!n religions10 ass]ts an em95t writ]1 8! fa!rhood ( ! gods is physical fa!rhood only02 & ?is is repeat$ by _m ,*ri/ian !ologians & comm5tators4#bjb ,x is easy to refute ?is ass]tion4 ,x w\ld n h be5 made b = religi\s p>tisan%ip4 ,e?nologi/s are well aw>e t ! ^w = 8,fa!r0 9 primitive life is mu* m frequ5tly a t]m ( respect1 appli$ to eld]s1 ?an necess>ily d5otive ( k9%ip4 ,! fa!r1 ,pita1 ( ! ,brahmnas is at once ! ,creator1 ,pres]v]1 & ,de/roy] ( all ?+s1 & f> remote f physical p>5tage#bjc2 nei!r 9 ,am]ican nor ,au/ralian my?s is 8! ,fa!r above0 id5tifi$ z ! ance/or ( ! g5s2 among ! ,zulus1 ! be/ in/ruct$ mission>ies report t ,unkululu1 ! 8,fa!r0 ( _! cre$s1 0 n meant lit]ally s1 b only z 8! means ( help+ ! race into be+0#bjd2 & ?is is ! g5]al s5se ( ! t]m 9 e in/ance :i* ,i h analys$4 ,z "s sort ( a crude ef=t to express ?is compreh5sibly1 we f9d t frequ5tly 9 primitive my?s & art ! god1 reg>d$ z ! creator1 is %[n or spok5 ( z 8&rogyn\s10--t is1 ( bo? sexes at once4 ,he is address$ z 8fa!r-"m10 or 8"m-fa!r10--bi-sexual r ?an non-sexual 9 nature4#bje ,su* expressions are ( con/ant occurr5ce1 & "s ( ! mo/ objectionable portions ( ! ritual & ( idolatr\s art arose f ! ef=t to translate ?is my/ical *>act]i/ic into objective =ms4 ,yet x rema9s true t ! sexual anti!sis1 t :i* my?ologi/s call ! wor%ip ( 8! reciprocal pr9ciples ( nature10 is int]wov5 ) ! fibre ( ne>ly all religions1 primitive or develop$4 ,"u "o =m or ano!r1 x is ! impulse :i* ev] appeals mo/ pot5tly to ! human he>t4 ,! s5tim5t :i* attracts ! "o sex to ! o!r1 ! passion ( ,love1 exce$s all o!rs 9 ! p[] x ex]ts on ! individual life4 ,?is x is1 :i* 9 "s ( its =ms1 rude or ref9$1 is at ! root ( half ! expressions ( ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,we may trace x f crude & co>se beg9n+s 9 ! g5esiac cults ( primitive peoples1 ?r\gh ev] nobl] & m delicate expressions1 up ?r\gh ! celibate sacrifices ( bo? sexes1 sp\ses ( ,god1#bjf until 9 its complete expansion x rea*es ! p]fect agape1 :]e ! union ( ! human ) ! div9e 9 ! life et]nal1 "h on e>?1 or beyond1 "o & ! same1 is believ$ to h be5 rea*$4#bjg ,?is1 ! l(tie/ ( all ! religi\s my/ical ideals is b ! result ( a gradual evolution f ^? l[ beg9n+s :i* ,i h m5tion$ z p]ceptible 9 mo/ primitive religions4 ,x is ! rip5$ manife/ation ( t pr(\nd psy*ical tru?1 s incomp>ably express$ 9 ! l9es ( ! philosoph]-poet1 ,col]idge3 8,all ?\ghts1 all passions1 all delights1 ,:atev] /irs ?is mortal frame1 ,all are b m9i/]s ( ,love1 ,& fe$ 8 sacr$ flame40 ,,lecture ,v4 ,primitive ,religi\s ,expression3 ,9 ! ,rite4 ,,cont5ts3--,! ,ritual a ,mimicry ( ! ,gods--,magical ,rites--,division ( ,rites into ,i4 ,communal1 & ,,ii4 ,p]sonal4 ,i4 ,communal ,rites3 #a4 ,! ,assemblage--,! ,liturgy--#b4 ,! ,fe/al ,function--,joy\s ,"* ( ,primitive ,rites--,comm5sality--,! 8,c]emonial ,circuit0--,masks & ,dramas--#c4 ,! ,sacrifice--,e>ly & ,lat] ,=ms--#d4 ,! ,communion ) ,god--,pagan ,eu*>i/s4 ,,ii4 ,p]sonal ,rites3 #a4 ,relat+ to ,bir?--,v[s & ,baptism--#b4 ,relat+ to ,nam+--,! ,p]sonal ,"n--#c4 ,relat+ to ,pub]ty--,initiation ( ,boys & ,girls--#d4 ,relat+ to ,m>riage--,m>riage 8by ,capture0 & 8by ,pur*ase0--#e4 ,relat+ to ,dea?--,e>ly ,cannibalism--,sepul*ral ,monum5ts--,fun]>y ,c]emonies--,modes ( ,burial--,cu/oms ( ,m\rn+4 ,we h se5 h[ ! religi\s s5tim5t f9ds expression 9 ! ,^w & 9 ! ,object4 ,x rema9s to consid] x z reveal$ 9 ! ,act4 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,rite or ! ,ritual4 ,x is a comb9ation ( =ms & c]emonies collectively kn[n z ,wor%ip4 ,s important is x t "o em95t ,g]man au?ority has decl>$ ! ritual to be 8! s\rce ( all religions0#bjh2 & ,dr4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 also a pr(\nd /ud5t ( ! subject1 has ma9ta9$ t 89 ! /udy ( anci5t religions we mu/ beg91 n ) ! my?1 b ) ! ritual02 because1 he adds1 89 almo/ e case ! my? 0 d]iv$ f ! ritual1 & n ! ritual f ! my?40#bji ,if ,i d n foll[ ^! au?orities1 x is because my own /udies h l$ me to a diff]5t op9ion f !irs4 ,i believe t e rite is orig9ally bas$ on a my?4 ,9 lat] days ! my? 0 (t5 obscur$ or lo/1 & ano!r co9$ to expla9 ! rite2 & ?is second gr[? is :at has misl$ ! au?ors ,i h quot$4 ,! evid5ce :i* has conv9c$ me is1 t 9 truly primitive condition ! rite is con/antly a mimicry ( ! suppos$ do+s ( ! god2 or x is a means ( summon+ him accord+ to accept$ /atem5ts2 or x is a me?od ( commun+ ) ! ,div9e1 pla9ly drawn f ! facts ( sugge/ion & sub-consci\s m5tality4 ,occasionally x is a magical proc$ure to con/ra9 ! deities2 b ?is is r>e 9 primitive conditions4#baj ,! mimicry or imitative orig9 ( rites is well illu/rat$ 9 t 9 use = 8ra9-mak+10 "o ( ! commone/ ( all4 ,9 p]iods ( dr\ght1 8,! ,indian ra9-mak] m\nts to ! ro( ( 8 hut1 & rattl+ vigor\sly a dry g\rd conta9+ pebbles to repres5t ! ?und]1 scatt]s wat] ?r\gh a re$ on ! gr\nd b5ea?1 z he imag9es up above 9 ! cl\ds d ! spirits ( ! /orm40#baa ,! ,au/ralian rite is analog\s4 ,! wom5 ( ! tribe erect a hut ( leaves & bran*es1 9 :i* are plac$ "s /ones4 ,! m5 ent]1 & :ile "s scatt] bird's d[n 9 ! air1 o!rs sc>ify _! arms & let ! blood drop ^u ! /ones4 ,^! are !n plac$ high up 9 trees1 & ! hut demoli%$4 ,! symbolism is1 t ! hut repres5ts ! firmam5t2 ! d[n1 ! light cirrus cl\ds :i* prec$e ! /orm2 ! /ones1 ! heavy ra9-cl\ds2 ! dropp+ blood1 ! f]tilis+ ra94#bab ,?is is aga9 an imitation ( _! my? ( ! mak+ ( ra9 by ! cele/ial p[]s4 ,v _m rites are ( ?is "*4 ,o!rs aga9 are ( ! nature ( an invitation to ! div9ity1 bas$ on beliefs & n>ratives ( 8 suppos$ actions or cu/oms4 ,! ,mayas ( ,yucatan1 = in/ance1 _h a deity d\btless ( sol> "*1 :o bore ! "n1 8,! ,eye ( ! ,day40 ,! my? /at$ t 8 =m 0 t ( a bird ( brilliant plumage1 & t he 0 ne>e/ ! e>? at high noon ab\t ! summ] sol/ice4 ,at t "t1 !re=e1 !y con/ruct$ an alt> 9 an op5 spot1 built ^u x a fire & plac$ ! sacr$ (f]+s4 ,! p !n witness$ ! gorge\s p>rot1 ! sacr$ ara1 desc5d ?r\gh ! air to take ! (f]+s1 :o 0 none o!r ?an ! god himself1 respond+ to ! invitation4#bac ,! magical class ( rites 0 common 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,to ?is day 9 ,*9a x is believ$ t if a milit>y camp be laid out 9 a p>ticul> =m1 & "u ! prop] auspici\s conditions1 n only is x impregnable by foes1 b nei!r gods nor demons c prevail aga9/ x4 ,_m lat] rituals are ?us magical1 or h magical elem5ts 9 !m by ! aid ( :i* ! celebrant claims to control ! p[]s div9e4 ,! ,mexican ,naguali/1 or prie/1 = in/ance1 aft] he has p]=m$ 8 magical rites & spok5 ! words ( p[]1 does n hesitate to %\t3 8,lo6 ,i myself am "h6 ,i am mo/ furi\s6 ,i make ! l\de/ noise6 ,i respect no "o6 ,ev5 /icks & /ones tremble be=e me6 ,:at god or mighty demon d>es face me80#bad ,"h1 ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! rite1 ! celebrant has become z "o ( ! gods !mselves4 ,^! examples fur!r s]ve to illu/rate a fundam5tal di/9ction 9 rites !mselves4 ,x has be5 well express$ by a ,g]man writ]1 ,dr4 ,freihold1 :o has said t _! t5d5cies po9t t[>d "o ( two aims1 ei!r to br+ d[n ! god to m51 to h 8,god ) u02 or1 to elevate ! man to ,god1 to clo! him ) sup]natural p[]s4 ,! "o culm9ates 9 ! epiphany1 ! o!r 9 ! apo!osis4 ,! writ] quot$ believes t ?is special culm9ation ( "o or ! o!r ( ^! t5d5cies is l>gely a matt] ( race1 t x is an e?nic trait1 & expla9s mu* o!rwise obscure 9 ! hi/orical developm5t ( religions4#bae ,)\t ent]+ into ?is int]e/+ b too ext5sive inquiry1 ,i w rem>k t ^! two t5d5cies run closely p>allel to ! division ( rites :i* ,i %all adopt1 a division bas$ on a comp>ison ( ! l>ge numb]s :i* ,i h classifi$ 9 ! /udy ( primitive religions4 ,?is division is also tw(old4 ,x embraces1 fir/1 all ^? rites :i* are prim>ily int5d$ = ! b5efit ( ! community2 &1 second1 all ^? prim>ily int5d$ = ! b5efit ( ! individual4 ,! =m] ,i %all call communal1 ! latt]1 p]sonal rites4 ,x is ! m necess>y t ,i %all insi/ on ?is di/9ction because x has be5 ov]look$ & ev5 d5i$ by "s em95t s*ol>s4 ,dr4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 = example1 ) :om ,i h be5 be=e compell$ to disagree1 refus$ to recognise p]sonal wor%ip 9 primitive conditions4 ,he wrote ?us3 8,x 0 ! community & n ! individual :o 0 sure ( ! help ( its deity40 ,! individual1 he adds1 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse to m]ely magical measures = 8 own protection4#baf ,?is /atem5t is contradict$ by ne>ly e primitive religion kn[n to me2 & x c be expla9$ only by ! conc5tration ( ! writ]'s m9d on a fai? s peculi> z t ( ! anci5t ,hebrews4#bag ,i4 ,,! ,,communal ,,rites1 ^? = ! b5efit ( ! community1 be x l>ge or small1 may be class$ "u f\r =ms3 #a1 ! assemblage2 #b1 ! fe/al function2 #c1 ! sacrifice2 & #d1 ! communion ) ! ,div9e4 #a4 ,! ,assemblage4--,( ^! ! assemblage %\ld fir/ be consid]$1 z x is ! necess>y condition ( all communal wor%ip4 ,! ecclesia1 ! meet+1 ! ga!r+ toge!r1 ! congregation1 has a f> high] importance ?an = ! m]e purpose ( unity 9 an outw>d function4 ,x is ! means by :i* t mo/ pot5t ag5t 9 religi\s life1 collective sugge/ion1 is br\ght to be> ^u ! m9d4 ,x has be5 in/9ctively recognis$ by e religion1 & especially by my/ical tea*]s1 z an indisp5sable elem5t 9 ! dissem9ation ( doctr9e4 ,/range1 inde$1 is ! influ5ce on ! individual ( 8! cr[d10 :5 x is animat$ by deep feel+1 by positive belief1 by int5se activity6 ,x is difficult ev5 = ! calme/ m9d n to be ?rill$ ) ! contagi\s impulses ( an assemblage toss$ on ! waves ( wild religi\s emotion4 ,its v]tig9\s passion :irls ^? :o yield to x out ( !mselves1 beyond _! s5ses1 into "s l(ty1 hyp]-s5su\s /ate1 :]e reason tott]s & reality fades4 ,we h b to wat* an active 8revival10 or ! hy/]ical outbur/s ( an old-fa%ion$ 8camp-meet+10 to be conv9c$ ( ?is4 ,^! effects are ha/5$ & /r5g!n$ by ! ,liturgy1 ! responsive songs & *ants1 ! music1 ! danc+ h& 9 h&1 ! t\* ( fle%1 & ! intoxication ( brea? ) brea?1--all t ! !ologians class z ! anaphora1 ! go+ back & =? ( m9d & m9d1 ?r\gh ! v>i$ =ms ( s5su\s expression4#bah ,all ?is is p]fectly famili> to primitive religions4 ,among ! rude tribes ( our ,we/]n pla9s1 ! ,dakotas & ,*ipeways = in/ance1 ?\s&s w ga!r at ! annual fe/ivals to unite 9 common wor%ip & c]emonies4 ,! fir/ mission>ies to ,mexico report x a common sight to see six or sev5 ?\s& natives mov+ z "o man 9 ! sway+ figures ( ! sacr$ dances2 & x 7 easy to multiply examples4 ,ev]y:]e 0 ! religi\s value ( wor%ip 9 common recognis$4 #b4 ,! ,fe/al ,function4--,i h already ref]r$ to ! fact t al?\gh ! fe> ( demons & gho/s prevail$ g5]ally 9 e>ly fai?s1 _! prevail+ "* 0 by no means always gloomy4 ,9 e>ly conditions ! public religi\s c]emonies h an atmosph]e ( joy\sness ab\t !m4 ,!y are ?anksgiv+s & m]rymak+s1 su* z /ill exi/ among u 9 pale survivals 9 our h>ve/ homes1 ,*ri/mas fe/ivities1 & ,ea/]-tide amusem5ts4 ,9 anci5t ,greek & ,roman rites ?is is /ill m visible4 8,wor%ip ! gods ) a joy\s he>t10 prescribes ,cic]o2 & true to ! precept1 ! ,romans includ$ among _! acts ( wor%ip su* *e]+ adjuncts z !atrical p]=mances1 horse races1 games1 & danc+ girls4 ,no sign ( m\rn+ 0 p]mitt$1 no ^w ( lam5tation 0 all[$1 & a s]5e mood1 a joy\s c\nt5ance & bright g>m5ts 7 enjo9$1 t ! gaiety ( ! occasion might n suff] dim9ution4#bai ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ?is peculi> to ! ,romans4 ,! same is well kn[n to be true ( ! ,greeks2 ,jacob ,grimm is our au?ority t ! religi\s rites ( ! anci5t ,g]mans 7 z a rule *e]ful1 & ^? :i* 7 mo/ *e]ful 7 8! e>lie/ & ! commone/02 :ile ,rob]tson ,smi? te/ifies to ! effect t ! e>ly ,semitic c]emonies 7 likewise gay & fe/al1 pass+ at times into a truly orgia/ic "*4#bbj ,probably mo/ ( u w feel "s surprise :5 ?is trait ( e>ly & hea!n religions is press$ ^u our att5tion4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ to he> ( _! d>k & cruel my/]ies1 _! immolations & holocau/s1 _! cries ( angui% & blood-/a9$ alt>s1 until we h imag9$ t light-he>t$ gaiety 0 ev5 f>!r f _! tea*+s ?an x is f our own fai?1 ^: c>d9al pr9ciple is ! hol9ess ( suff]+ & self-abnegation4 ,no?+ c\ld be wid] f ! tru?4 ,probably ! fir/ ( all public rites ( wor%ip 0 "o ( joy\sness1 to wit1 ! invitation to ! god to be pres5t & p>take ( ! repa/4 ,to spread a meal & ask ! deity to %>e x1 t :i* is call$ comm5sality1 belongs to ! mo/ ar*aic ( c]emonies4 ,capta9 ,cl>k tells u ( ! ,we/]n ,indians t 8fea/s =m an ess5tial "p ( e c]emony40 ,!re is a c]ta9 solemnity obs]v$ ab\t !m1 ev5 :5 n /rictly religi\s 9 "*4 ,! fir/ m\?ful is (f]$ to ! gods1 & 8some?+ 9 ! mann] ( a grace0 is usual :5 ! p]son beg9s & f9i%es 8 meal4#bba ,x 0 b a /ep f ?is to purely religi\s banquets1 fe/al commemorations = ?anksgiv+1 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( b5efits receiv$4 ,!y 7 d]iv$ f ! old] practice ( ask+ ! god to %>e ! common meal1 n1 z "s h argu$1 f ! lat] cu/om ( (f]+ food be=e ! idols4 ,su* solemn banquets occur :]e idols are unkn[n1 or =m a m9or elem5t 9 religi\s expression4 ,sacrificial banquets assume a diff]5t phase1 to :i* ,i %all pres5tly ref]4 ,next 9 antiquity to ! comm5sality ( ,god ) man1 0 ! sacr$ procession1 t :i* is kn[n z ! 8c]emonial circuit40 ,jacob ,grimm in=ms u t ! anci5t ,g]mans 7 accu/om$ at c]ta9 seasons to c>ry ! images ( ! gods1 ,holda1 ,b]?a1 & o!rs1 or ! sacr$ symbols1 ! pl\gh1 ! %ip1 etc41 ar\nd ! bord]s or m>*es ( ! tribal t]ritory1 ov] :i* !y 7 held to ex]cise especial protection4 ,?us !y be/[$ ! active b5efic5ce ( _! p]sonal pres5ce on ^! conf9es4 ,?is div9e progress 0 accompani$ ) %\ts & songs & joy\s acclamations4#bbb ,to ?is day 9 c5tral ,france1 :5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! spr+ & ! husb&man has tru/$ 8 lab\r & 8 gra9 to ! unc]ta9 season1 ! image ( ,our ,lady ( ,m]cy is solemnly c>ri$ ?r\gh ! prep>$ fields1 ) song & pray]1 t h] bless+ may re/ ^u !m1 & ! gra9 return a hundr$-fold4 ,f> away f ,france & ,g]many1 up 9 ! *illy valleys ( ! ,p]uvian ,&es1 :5 ! natives us$ to fe>1 = _! crops1 kill+ fro/ or )]+ dr\ght1 ! sacr$ huaca1 ! div9e gu>dian ( ! village1 0 br\ght =? & c>ri$ 9 solemn procession ar\nd ! fields1 & its int]cession besee*$ 9 mov+ cries & ) abundant gifts4#bbc ,numb]less o!r examples ( ?is univ]sal rite might be m5tion$1 a rite ! %ad[ ( :i* /ill falls among u 9 ! processional & recessional ( high ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,among primitive peoples & 9 ! folk-lore ( mod]n nations1 x develops into ! =ms :i* are kn[n z 8! s9i/ral & dextral circuits10 dep5d+ on :e!r ! procession is f "r to left or ! rev]se1 connect$ d\btless ) ! motion ( ! cele/ial bodies1 & ) ! rev]se ( t motion1 ea* appropriate to c]ta9 =ms ( wor%ip4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,am]ican tribes ?is is always a po9t ( ! greate/ importance1 & con/antly appe>s1 n m]ely 9 _! religi\s ex]cises1 b 9 _! social cu/oms1 _! arts1 & _! habits ( life4#bbd ,i m5tion$ t ! old ,romans us$ to consid] !atrical ent]ta9m5ts a prop] "p ( a religi\s c]emony4 ,!y 7 n alone 9 t4 ,9 fact1 ! op9ion 0 s univ]sal t /ud5ts ( lit]>y orig9s are agre$ t ! beg9n+ ( ! drama1 bo? com$y & trag$y1 0 9 sacr$ sc5ic repres5tations ( ! suppos$ do+s ( ! gods4 ,we may recognise ! e>lie/ =m ( ! drama 9 ! mask$ actors ( ! ,am]ican ,indian m$ic9e dances4 ,!y usually take ! "p ( "s l[] animal1 comic or s]i\s1 ! face conceal$ ei!r ) a "p ( its hide1 or ) a wood5 mask1 on :i* is pa9t$ "s semblance or symbol ( ! animal4 ,! language ( ! actor is appropriate to 8 rle1 & (t5 involves curi\s modifications ( ! cu/om>y tongue1 to suit ! creature he repres5ts4#bbe ,long be=e ! discov]y ( ,am]ica by ,columbus ! native tribes ( ,mexico1 ,guatemala1 & ,p]u _h develop$ f ?is s\rce a dramatic lit]ature1 :i*1 l t ( ! e>ly ,greek classic p]iod1 _h ?r[n (f its fir/1 purely religi\s g>b1 & _h develop$ into an indep5d5t art1 devot$ equally to ,melpom5e & ,?alia1 ! tragic & ! comic muses4 ,^! latt]1 ( :i* a few specim5s survive1 7 exotic plants comp>$ to ! indig5\s gr[? ( ! ,am]ican sacr$ dramas4 ,s ess5tial1 inde$ _h ^! become to ! native notions ( wor%ip ( any sort1 t ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies 7 fa9 to compromise ! situation1 & p]mit !m to rema91 m]ely *ang+ ! names ( ! hea!n gods to ^? ( ,*ri/ian sa9ts1 & modify+ :]e necess>y ! word+ ( ! old] text & its hea!n sc5>io4 ,! extreme ( ^! fe/al rejoic+s is se5 9 ! orgia/ic c]emonies s widely preval5t 9 e>ly cults1 ! ,bac*analia1 ! ,saturnalia1 ! 8,wit*es' ,sabba?0 ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! l4 ,!y are n[ise peculi> to primitive religions1 al?\gh 9 !m !y hold a m conspicu\s place4 ,)9 a ye>1 ! 8angel-danc]s0 ( ,hobok51 ,new ,j]sey1 h reproduc$ !m 9 _! true orig9al col\rs1 & !y are always ready to crop out "u ! influ5ce ( ! prop] /imuli to ! religi\s emotions4 ,9 _! e>lie/ =ms1 !y are f> f des]v+ ! odium :i* atta*$ to !m lat]4 ,! ,bac*antes ( ,greece 71 at fir/1 n a r\t ( dissolute wom51 b an inspir$ tra9 ( dev\t virg9s & *a/e matrons4 ,no man 0 p]mitt$ 9 ! ranks "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,?is 0 true also 9 ,rome1 9 ! ,ori5t1 & 9 _m tribes ( ,am]ica4 ,x 0 a lat] & an evil innovation :i* sanction$ ! unre/ra9$ m+l+ ( ! sexes 9 ^! wild processions ( intoxicat$ fanatics4 ,_! intoxication 01 h[ev]1 ) ! div9e _s1 n ! purple grape-juice4 ,!y 71 z ! ,greeks said1 8!oleptic10 possess$ or infuriat$ ) ! madd5+ joy ( ! gods1 drunk ) ! cele/ial ambrosia4 ,to our cold obs]vation1 !y 7 9 hy/]ical mania1 ) m9ds disord]$ by religi\s excitem5t1 work$ up to a high contagi\s pit* ?r\gh collective sugge/ion1 foll[+ crazily ! disord]$ fancies ( _! sub-consci\s selves1 mi/ak+ !m = ! inspiration ( div9e emanations4 #c4 ,! ,sacrifice4--,9 ! cu/om ( (f]+ to ! div9e visitant a portion ( ! food & dr9k1 we discov] ! orig9 ( sacrifice4 ,! ^w has acquir$ sad associations1 se5 9 our common expression 8to make a sacrifice10 :i* signifies "s pa9ful self-surr5d]4 ,?is 0 =eign to its orig9al mean+4 ,! sacrifice at fir/ 0 a free-w (f]+1 a pleas+ & grateful recognition ( ! k9dness ( ! deity4 ,! fir/-fruits1 ! "y kid1 ! e>lie/ e> ( corn to mature1 7 (f]$ to ! b5efic5t be+ :o _h s5t !m = ! good ( man4 ,x 0 ! will+ ackn[l$gm5t we pay to a k9d fri5d4 ,! e>lie/ species ( sacrifice is 9 ! nature ( a ?ank-(f]+4 ,!y 7 ( ! class :i* has be5 t]m$ 8honorific10 & 7 little m ?an 8meals (f]$ to ! deity40#bbf ,i may illu/rate x f a cu/om ( ! ,papuans ( ,new ,gu9ea4 ,!y believe1 be+ ance/ral wor%ipp]s1 t ! good ?+s ( life are ma9ly ow+ to ! cont9u+ solicitude ( _! dep>t$ prog5itors4 ,!re=e1 to te/ify _! gratitude1 once 9 sev]al ye>s !y dig up ! skulls ( ^? deceas$ relations1 pa9t !m ) *alk1 decorate !m ) fea!rs & fl[]s1 & plac+ !m on a scaffold1 (f] to !m food & tr9kets4#bbg ,!re is no?+ ( fe> 9 ?is rite1 & no?+ fe>ful1 = x is made ! occasion ( a m]ry fe/ival4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 9 ! developm5t ( ! cult x 0 p]ceiv$ t loss & affliction ab\nd$ & increas$2 ! gods grew c>eless ( _! vot>ies1 or angry ) !m4 ,!y mu/ be pacifi$ & propitiat$4 ,h5ce arose ! second =m ( sacrifices1 ^? :i* are call$ 8conciliatory0 or 8piacul>40#bbh ,!y 7 aton+ 9 significance1 my/ic 9 _! symbolism1 expiatory 9 _! aims4 ,! gods 7 displeas$ at :at man _h done or _h left undone1 & !y mu/ be reconcil$ by humility & self-abnegation4 ,9 ?is ! primitive wor%ipp] act$ t[>ds 8 deity j z he w\ld t[>d an e>?ly sup]ior ^: displeasure he _h incurr$4 ,!re 0 no new s5tim5t or l9e ( action introduc$4 ,! rite ( sacrifice 9 any ( its phases (f]s no?+ ap>t f ! g5]al motives ( mank9d4 ,! mo/ common reason = e>ly sacrifice 0 to expiate brea*es ( ! c]emonial law4 ,:e!r ?is occurr$ int5tionally or n ( purpose1 x 0 deem$ requisite to make am5ds by "s pa9ful act1 to pacify ! demonic p[] beh9d ! law4 ,naturally1 ! great] ! self-d5ial display$ 9 ! (f]+1 ! high] its m]it & ! m efficaci\s its "*4 ,! anci5t ,g]mans laid x d[n t 9 "t ( fam9e bea/s %\ld fir/ be sla9 & (f]$ to ! gods4 ,did ^! br+ no relief1 !n m5 mu/ be slaught]$2 & if /ill !re 0 no aid f on high1 !n ! *iefta9 ( ! tribe himself mu/ m\nt ! alt>#bbi2 = ! nobl] & de>] ! victim1 ! m pleas$ 7 ! gods6 ,! same doctr9e prevail$ practically ?r\gh mo/ primitive religions1 & 0 c>ri$ to a l ext5t4 ,pa9ful mutilations ( oneself1 ! lopp+ ( a f+]1 sc>ification1 driv+ ?orns ?r\gh ! tongue or ! fle% else:]e1 burn+ ) hot coals1 sc\rg+1 & support+ cru%+ weights3 ^! are b a few ( ! _m t]rible suff]+s :i* ! individual inflict$ on himself4 ,?us /eel$ to pa9 9 8 own p]son1 he knew no limit to its infliction on o!rs4 ,! tortures ( captives or ( slaves d$icat$ to ! gods1 common 9 ,am]ican religions1 =m$ "p ( ! religi\s value ( ! c]emony4 ,n m]ely captives & slaves1 b ^? ( 8 own h\sehold & blood1 8 ne>e/ & 8 de>e/1 mu/ ! true wor%ipp] be prep>$ to surr5d]1 7 x 8 fir/-born son or ! wife ( 8 bosom4 ,x 0 n he>tlessness or cruelty :i* prompt$ him1 b ob$i5ce to t law ( ! sup]natural1 :i* ev] claims = itself supremacy ov] all laws & all passions ( ! natural man4 ,traces ( human sacrifice are discov]$ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ev5 ! noble/ religions1 & ! rite ext5d$ s widely t sc>ce a cult c be nam$ 9 :i* x did n exi/4 ,:at r5d]$ !m ! m g5]al 0 ! und]ly+ belief t1 let ! sacrifice be suffici5tly exalt$1 ! gods c\ld n resi/ x4 ,!y 7 con/ra9$ by its magical p[]1 & :atev] 0 desir$ c\ld be extort$ f !m1 ) or )\t _! volition4 ,s to ?is day tea* ! ,h9du prie/s1 & s believ$ ! anci5t ,romans & v>i\s primitive nations4 #d4 ,! ,communion ) ,god4--,! idea ( atonem5t 9 ! piacul> sacrifice is 9 reality t ( be+ "o ) ! god1 t ( ent]+ into union or communion ) him4 ,?is1 inde$1 lies l>gely at ! base ( all ! =ms ( rituali/ic wor%ip4 ,its purpose1 m or less cle>ly av[$1 is to br+ into spiritual unison ! wor%ipp] & ! wor%ipp$4 ,a few examples f ,am]ican rites w illu/rate ?is4 ,! natives ( ,nic>agua at ! "t ( maize ga!r+ 7 accu/om$ to sacrifice a man to ! gods ( ! h>ve/4 ,ar\nd ! alt> 7 /rewn gra9s ( corn4 ,ov] ^! ! wor%ipp]s /ood & ) fl9t knives let blood f ! mo/ s5sitive p>ts ( _! bodies1 ! drops fall+ on ! gra9s4 ,^! 7 !n eat5 z holy food1 "p ( ! sacrifice4#bcj ,some?+ v simil> obta9$ 9 ,p]u4 ,at ! "t ( ! v]nal equ9ox1 all /rang]s 7 bidd5 to leave ! sacr$ city ( ,cuzco1 :]e ! ,inca resid$4 ,a human victim 0 immolat$1 & ! spotless 8,virg9s ( ! ,sun0 7 deput$ to m+le 8 blood ) meal & bake x into small cakes4 ,^! 7 di/ribut$ among ! p & eat51 & "o 0 s5t to e holy %r9e & temple 9 ! k+dom4#bca ,precisely su* a rite prevail$ among ! anci5t ,g]mans4 ,at ! h>ve/ supp] ! _s ( ! corn1 repres5t$ latt]ly "u ! =m ( an animal b 9 e>li] days z a *ild1 0 sla9 & eat5 by ^? :o _h aid$ 9 ! h>ve/4 ,x 0 ! lit]al & corporeal union ( man & ! god4#bcb ,/ill cle>] 0 ! simil> c]emony ( ! ,aztecs4 ,a y\? 0 *os5 & nam$ = ! god4 ,= mon?s 8 e wi% 0 gratifi$4 ,!n he 0 sla9 on ! alt> & 8 fre% blood 0 mix$ ) d\gh :i* 0 divid$ among ! wor%ipp]s & eat54 ,?us !y became p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature4#bcc ,! fe>ful simil>ity ( ?is c]emony bo? 9 its =m & 9 its int5tion to t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,eu*>i/ c\ld n escape ! notice ( ! ,spani% mission>ies4 ,!y attribut$ x to ! malici\s sugge/ions ( ! ,devil1 ?us p>ody+ 9 cruel & debas$ traits ! sacr$ my/]ies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ! psy*ologi/ sees 9 !m all ! same inh]5t t5d5cy1 ! same ye>n+ ( ! feeble human s\l to rea* out t[>ds & make itself a "p ( ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,rites1 ^? = ! b5efit ( ! individual1 w next occupy u4 ,i h already obs]v$ t :ile ! tribe or g5s 9 primitive conditions wor%ips 9 common "o or sev]al div9ities1 mo/ ( ! religi\s acts ( ! individual are direct$ t[>d a deity :om he may claim z 8 own special gu>dian & fri5d4 ,?is is 8 tutel>y god1 8 p]sonal 1 8 8my/agogue10 :o w n m]ely look aft] ! welf>e ( 8 human w>d1 b introduce him into ! high] & occult k & p[]4 ,?is p]sonal deity reveals himself at bir?1 or may await "s lat] ye> or incid5t ( life to manife/ 8 "n & nature4 ,he may be ! _s ( "s ance/or or great *iefta9 or mighty %aman2 or he may belong to ^? deities :o nev] assume mortal habilim5ts4 ,! tea*]s ( e>ly fai?s diff]$ on ^! po9ts2 b ne>ly all agre$ t to ea* p]son "s su* gu>dian angel or g5ius 0 assign$4 ,f ^! spirits ! p]sonal names 7 frequ5tly receiv$1 &1 le/ ^! %\ld be misus$1 !y 7 usually kept secret4 ,^! beliefs are too wide-spread to require support f examples4 ,probably e ,am]ican tribe %>$ !m4 ,!y are famili> 9 classic ,greece & ,rome4 ,! ,f9ns & ! anci5t ,celtic peoples possess$ !m 9 m>k$ =ms2 & !y survive 9 ! tutel>y ,sa9ts ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,pr9cipally to ^! ! adults paid _! devotions & (f]$ _! v[s = :at conc]n$ _! p]sonal welf>e2 & _m ( ! rites :i* ,i am ab\t to describe1 d]ive _! mean+ f _! connection ) ?is belief4 ,i %all classify !m z relat+3 #a1 to bir?2 #b1 to nam+2 #c1 to pub]ty2 #d1 to m>riage2 & #e1 to dea? & ! disposal ( ! corpse4 #a4 ,rites ,relat+ to ,bir?4--,al?\gh ! imm$iate act ( *ildbir? may n cause ! savage "m sev]e suff]+1 ! appe>ance ( a new human be+ 9 ! _w is n consid]$ ( light importance4 ,9 h] description ( ! ,pueblo ,indians ( ,new ,mexico1 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son rem>ks t "s 8( _! mo/ sacr$ & exclusive rites are connect$ ) *ildbir?10 & h] full & accurate acc\nt ( !m reveals 9 a /rong light h[ solemn ! ev5t 0 consid]$4#bcd ,9 _m tribes ! *ild 0 consid]$ b\nd to its fa!r by "s my/]i\s tie clos] ?an connect$ x ) its "m4 ,among ! ,nor!rn ,indians1 ! fa!r w n bridle a horse or p]=m sundry o!r acts = a fix$ p]iod aft] ! bir? ( 8 *ild1 = if he did x w\ld die6#bce ,9 ! rites ( ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica1 ?is refra9+ f c]ta9 lab\rs pass$ into ! /range cu/om ( ! c\vade4 ,?is 01 t ^u ! bir? ( ! *ild1 ! fa!r took to 8 b$ & rema9$ !re = a numb] ( days4 ,did he neglect ?is1 x 0 believ$ t ! *ild w\ld die or h bad luck4 ,= ! same reason he _h to be extremely c>eful ( 8 own heal? & gu>d$ 9 8 actions dur+ 8 wife's pregnancy1 or o!rwise ! unborn babe w\ld suff]4#bcf ,n less /range are ! wide-spread rites & op9ions connect$ ) ! umbilical cord4 ,z x unit$ ! unborn infant to ! life ( ! "m1 x 0 g5]ally held to reta9 t p[] 9 a my/ical s5se4 ,among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 x 0 a frequ5t cu/om to c>ry x to a di/ance & bury x1 & x became ! duty ( ! individual1 9 8 lat] life1 to visit alone f "t to "t t spot1 & p]=m c]ta9 c]emonies4#bcg ,?us ! religi\s life ( a p]son began ) 8 bir?4 ,n infrequ5tly at t "t 8 tutel>y div9ity 0 asc]ta9$ by ! prie/s & assign$ him1 z among ! ,mayas1 & ! ,africans ( ! ,congo ,riv]4 ,) ! latt]1 x 0 also cu/om>y to lay ^u ! new-born babe a s]ies ( 8v[s10 or resolutions t\*+ 8 conduct 9 life4 ,^! 7 impress$ on ! "m1 :o adopt$ x z a sacr$ duty to br+ up h] *ild 9 ob$i5ce to !m4 ,a simil> habit prevail$ 9 ! ,&aman ,isl&s & else:]e4#bch ,) ^! v[s 0 (t5 associat$ ! rite ( baptism1 by spr9kl+ or by imm]sion 9 wat]4 ,ev5 among ! rude ,yahgans ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego we f9d t ! *ild1 :5 born1 0 promptly dipp$ 9 wat]1 n = sanit>y b = religi\s reasons4 ,! anci5t inhabitants ( ,t5]iffe consid]$ x necess>y to h a *ild =mally asp]g$ by a prie/ess be=e ackn[l$g+ x z a memb] ( ! family1#bci & "s su* rite 0 preval5t 9 _m tribes4 ,x 0 9 "o s5se an initiation1 z x 0 ) ! neophytes ( ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 :o1 accord+ to ,t]tullian1 7 baptis$ ^u ent]+ ! novitiate4 ,9 ano!r1 x w\ld seem to h be5 a purification f inh]it$ s91 9 :i* s5se x 0 practis$ by ! ,nahuas ( ,mexico & ! ,qui*uas ( ,p]u4 ,) ! ,mayas ( ,yucatan1 x 0 9 common usage & 0 kn[n by ! significant "n1 8! second bir?40#bdj #b4 ,relat+ to ! ,"n4--,! ,"n1 z we h already se51 0 look$ ^u z a "p ( ! p]son1 "o ( 8 =ms or modes ( life4 ,v g5]ally1 its selection 0 a matt] ( religi\s mom5t1 & accompani$ ) solemn c]emonies4 ,a p]son might h _m names1 b !re 0 "o :i* 0 tak5 f or ref]r$ to 8 or h] tutel>y _s1 & ?is 0 holy & n to be lightly us$4 ,among ! ,nahuas ?is 0 g5]ally ann\nc$ by ! prie/ on ! sev5? day aft] bir?1 b z x w\ld be pr(ane to speak x con/antly1 ano!r 0 employ$ = ord9>y conv]sation4 ,! ,algonqu9 *ildr51 says "o :o liv$ among !m long1 are taught by _! mo!rs n to divulge _! real names1 le/ by s do+ !y %\ld (f5d ! p]sonal god :o has tak5 !m "u 8 protection4#bda ,:5 a babe1 among ! ,sem9oles ( ,florida1 0 ab\t a =tnight old1 ! "m took x 9 h] arms & walk$ ?ree times ar\nd ! public squ>e ( ! village1 call+ al\d ! "n giv5 x2 b ?is "n 0 n t by :i* x 0 lat] kn[n2 & 8!y 7 always av]se to tell+ x40#bdb ,) "s tribes1 z ! ,*octaws1 ! idea ( pr(anity exi/$ only if ! p]son himself spoke 8 "n2 s t1 8x is impossible to get x f him unless he has an acqua9tance pres5t1 :om he w reque/ to tell x = him40#bdc ,analog\s cu/oms ab\nd 9 e>ly religions & _m ( !m survive 9 mod]n folk-lore4#bdd ,9 "s in/ances ! ,am]ican ,indian w\ld ex*ange 8 "n = t ( a fri5d1 or ext5d to him 8 "n2 a r>e & high sign ( amity1 z x signifi$ t ! receiv] 0 ?us plac$ "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! same tutel> deity4 ,?is cu/om ext5d$ widely ?r\gh\t ! isl& _w ( ! ,pacific & among _m primitive peoples4 ,x has (t5 be5 not$1 b its peculi>ly religi\s mean+ has g5]ally be5 misund]/ood4 ,t c]ta9 names are auspici\s & o!rs inauspici\s is a belief t belongs ev]y:]e to mank9d 9 ! primitive /age ( ?\ght4 ,b x is curi\s to note t :ile g5]ally ! auspici\s names are ^? ( sweet s\nd & fav\rable s5se1 9 ,tonk91 ,siam1 & "s o!r regions ugly & unpleasant names are pref]r$1 because ^! w fright5 away ! evil spirits4#bde #c4 ,rites ,relat+ to ,pub]ty4--,on ! mom5t\s crisis 9 ! p]sonal life :5 ! boy ent]s into manhood & ! girl becomes a woman1 9 ne>ly all primitive tribes a solemn rite is prescrib$1 ! object ( :i* is to prep>e ! *ild = ! duties ( ! wid] life1 :i* x is ab\t to beg94 ,no bett] example = su* a c]emony c\ld be select$ ?an t :i* prevails among ! s\!rn tribes ( ,au/ralia4 ,x is _! pr9cipal public act ( wor%ip4 ,! "n by :i* x is kn[n is ! ,bora1#bdf a ^w d]iv$ f ! belt or girdle :i* ! m5 we>1 & :i* is at t "t conf]r$ on ! y\?4 ,its celebration involves ext5sive prep>ations & occupies a numb] ( days4 ,! y\?s are submitt$ to sev]e te/s & sometimes to dreadful mutilations4 ,!y are taught ! holy names & sacr$ traditions2 & :5 !y h satisfi$ _! eld]s ( _! endurance & fidelity1 !y are admitt$ to ! manhood ( ! tribe4 ,! ,bora is a di/9ctly religi\s c]emony4 ,x is said to h be5 in/itut$ by _! *ief god ,turamulun himself1 & rema9s "u 8 spiritual *>ge4 ,its rites 8involve ! idea ( a d$ication to sup]natural p[]s10 & ! figure ( ! god1 m\ld$ 9 high relief on ! e>? 9 ! co/ume & attitude ( ! sacr$ dance1 is int5d$ to repres5t 8 p]sonal pres5ce4 ,! aim is ! education ( ! individual to fill 8 place prop]ly 9 ! tribal life2 & "o ( ! mo/ intellig5t ( ,engli% obs]v]s expresses 8 conviction t 8e rule ( conduct "u :i* ! novice is plac$ is directly int5d$ to "s end b5efic5t to ! community or believ$ to be40 ,?r\gh\t mo/ ( ,am]ica1 a simil> initiation 0 requir$ ( ! y\? be=e he 0 entitl$ to ! privileges ( manhood4 ,x 0 frequ5tly accompani$ by ! mo/ pa9ful te/s ( 8 c\rage & endurance4 ,8 nak$ back 0 lac]at$ ) rods1 8 /r5g? 0 tri$ by prolong$ hung]1 ?ongs 7 ins]t$ into 8 fle% & torn out by ! by/&]s4 ,m frequ5tly ! boy 0 s5t alone into ! woods1 & !re1 expos$ to inclem5t wea!r1 cold1 hung] & ?ir/1 self-torture & m$itation1 await$ ! div9e revelation :i* entitl$ him to call himself a man6 8,c\ld x be possible10 exclaims an intellig5t travell]1 8to he> any?+ /rang]1 m wond]ful1 ?an ^! /ories ( unhe>d-( ca/igations & torm5ts to :i* boys ( ?irte5 or f\rte5 subject !mselves1 m]ely = ! sake ( an idea1 a dream1 ! fulfilm5t ( a religi\s duty8 ,m surpris+ is x t n m]ely "s extraord9>y y\? is capable ( ?is1 b t e "y ,indian1 )\t exception1 displays su* h]oism40#bdg ,! same rule appli$ to ! girl4 ,z x became evid5t t ! p]iod _h arriv$ 9 h] life-hi/ory :5 %e 0 capable ( ! sacr$ duties ( mo!rhood1 %e ei!r retir$ into ! =e/1 !re to commune alone ) h] gu>dian _s1 or1 z among ! ,si\x ,indians1 ! fact 0 made kn[n to ! village1 & a solemn fea/ ann\nc$ by h] p>5ts4 ,at ?is1 "s v5]able prie/ address$ ! gue/s1 8call+ att5tion to ! sacr$ & my/]i\s mann] 9 :i* nature _h ann\nc$ ! fact t %e 0 ready to embrace ! duties ( matrimony60#bdh ,9 ^! c]emonies1 :i* may be said to belong to primitive religions 9 all times1 we recognise aga9 ! "o idea :i* m ?an any o!r p]meat$ all _! my?s & rites1--! idea ( ,life4 ,x 0 because ! boy & girl1 pass+ to rip] ye>s1 indicat$ ! acquisition ( ! p[] to p]petuate & transmit ,life1 t at ?is age x 0 held necess>y = !m to m>k ! epo* by rites ( ! mo/ sacr$ import4 #d4 ,rites ,relat+ to ,m>riage4--,if ! notion ( life 0 ?us ! inspiration ( ! rites ( pub]ty1 /ill m pot5tly did x control ^? relat+ to m>riage4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 by special /ud5ts conc]n+ ! =ms ( primitive m>riage1 & mu* ( :at has be5 writt5 is !ory only1 n support$ by actual & intimate k ( facts4 ,! ass]tion is common 9 works ( ! k9d t ! e>lie/ =m ( m>riage 0 no m>riage at all1--m]e promiscuity1--& t1 lat]1 a modifi$ =m ( ! same1 kn[n z 8communal0 m>riage1 prevail$4 ,n a s+le example ( ei!r ( ^! has be5 kn[n 9 hi/ory or 9 e?nology1 & x is a gratuit\s hypo!sis only t ei!r ev] prevail$ 9 a p]man5t community4 ,:at we fir/ disc]n is ! family1 g5]ally c5tr$ ar\nd ! "m1 & trac+ desc5t ?r\gh ! mat]nal ance/ors only4 ,?is is ! 8matri>*al0 z di/+ui%$ f ! 8patri>*al0 sy/em1 ! latt] be+ t 9 :i* ! fa!r is ! c5tre & head ( ! family1 & ! g5ealogy is trac$ 9 8 l9e4 ,bo? ^! =ms1 h[ev]1 h exi/$1 s f> z we "k1 9 :olly primitive conditions4 ,! selection ( "o or ! o!r 0 a matt] ( local accid5t or incid5t4 ,! primitive family1 held toge!r by "o or o!r ( ^! ties ( blood-relation%ip1 0 a close corporation4 ,x might adopt outsid]s1 b aft] admission !y 7 consid]$ ( ! same blood & l9eage4 ,its prop]ty 0 9 common1 its laws 7 laid on all1 its v gods 7 its own4 ,especially1 ! rules relat+ to m>riage 7 prescrib$ ) rigid =mality4 ,! g5]al practice 0 t ! y\? mu/ seek 8 bride f ano!r recognis$ family 7g5s or totem7 ( ! tribe4 ,to *oose h] f 8 own imm$iate family 0 a crime ( su* deep dye t ev5 an ,au/ralian savage 8c\ld n consid] su* a ?+ possible02 al?\gh1 9 lat] conditions1 ?is artificial b>ri] 0 (t5 weak5$4#bdi ,9 matri>*al sy/ems1 ! husb& usually w5t to live ) ! g5s ( ! wife1 b did n become a memb] ( x4 ,he 0 look$ ^u z a /rang] & an int]lop]4 ,among "s ,au/ralian & ,am]ican tribes1 he nev] spoke directly to 8 wife's "m1 or ev5 look$ at h]4 ,8 *ildr5 did n ackn[l$ge him z a blood-relation1 & :5 he grew old & useless1 he _h to look to 8 own family1 n to 8 own (fspr+1 = 8 ma9t5ance4 ,! orig9 ( ^! /range usages 0 /rictly religi\s4 ,!y h be5 analys$ z !y exi/$ 9 _m nations by "o ( ! able/ ( ,g]man e?nologi/s1 & _! s\rce has be5 %[n to be t ! gods ( ! "o g5s nev] will+ly accept ! introduction ( a /rang] into ! h\sehold except by ! regul> =mulas ( adoption1 :i* w\ld prev5t m>riage2 h5ce1 ! husb& is1 & ev] rema9s1 a =eign] & an int]lop] 9 ! matri>*al h\sehold4 ,8 wife's god is n 8 god1 nor are h] p 8 p4#bej ,! actual c]emony ( m>riage itself (t5 indicates ?is4 ,mu* has be5 said by writ]s on e?nology ( 8m>riage by capture10 & x is (t5 ass]t$ to be t mo/ usual among primitive peoples1 & to cont9ue 9 survivals 9 high] conditions ( culture4 ,!re is1 inde$1 v frequ5tly a c]emony :i* pres5ts ! appe>ance ( viol5tly seiz+ & c>ry+ away by ma9 =ce ! bride-elect4 ,b x is n to be und]/ood z ! rem9isc5ce ( a "t :5 ! man w5t =? & snat*$ a girl f "s neighb\r+ tribe to become 8 slave & 8 wife4 ,i d\bt if 9 ! true totemic m>riage1 consid]$ z di/9ct f concub9age1 any su* me?od 0 practis$4 ,x is n s to-day1 ev5 among ! ,au/ralian ,blacks4 ,if !y /eal a woman1 !y fir/ inquire z to h] k9%ip1 & if %e belongs to a class into :i* h] captor _c m>ry1 accord+ to ! laws ( 8 clan1 he sets h] free4#bea ,! s-call$ 8m>riage by capture0 0 ei!r a recognis$ tribute to maid5ly coyness1 by :i* h] real or feign$ resi/ance 0 to be ov]come 9 a mann] cr$itable to h]self1--a s5tim5t con/antly witness$ 9 ! l[] animals z well z 9 mod]n life2 or x 0 a me?od ( conciliat+ h] h\sehold gods1 ! deities ( ! g5s1 by giv+ ! appe>ance ( con/ra9t & succumb+ to =ce on ! "p ( ! girl4 ,"s ( ! nor!rn tribes ( ,am]ica c>ri$ ^! notions to ! ext5t ( a pret5d$ concealm5t ( ! m>riage long aft] x _h be5 p]=m$4 ,! husb& 0 oblig$ to ent] ! home ( 8 wife by night & secretly4 ,to approa* x 9 daytime or to be se5 9 h] company w\ld h be5 a grave impropriety4#beb ,! second primitive =m ( m>riage is by pur*ase4 ,?is also is f> less usual ?an _m writ]s h assum$4 ,!re is inde$1 v commonly1 z 9 civilis$ society1 an ex*ange ( goods along ) or previ\s to ! m>ital c]emony4 ,b ) u x is n reg>d$ z a pur*ase & sale :5 an ,am]ican girl's fa!r gives 8 daught] & a million to a =eign nobleman 9 ex*ange = ! title conf]r$ on ! bride4 ,x may 9 reality be a m]e comm]cial transaction1 b 9 !ory x is n s4 ,j z little is ! 8m>riage by pur*ase0 among mo/ ( ! aborig9al tribes1 :]e we f9d x 9 vogue4 ,! ex*ange ( goods is (t5 a =m ( comp5sation to ! h\sehold gods = ! privilege ( rema9+ a memb] ( ! clan1 or = ! p]mission to ent] its ranks z an au?oris$ resid5t4 ,( c\rse1 wom5 7 b\ght & sold z any o!r commodity2 !y 7 "p ( ! booty ( victors1 & 7 disp5s$ z gifts1 or kept = enjoym5t4 ,b :5 we conf9e ourselves to ! exam9ation ( ! /rictly totemic m>riage we f9d ev5 among ! wilde/ tribes t x 0 g5]ally f\nd$ 9 mutual lik+1 t x 0 contract$ "u ! sanction ( ! recognis$ family laws1 & t its ritual 0 t ( a religi\s c]emony4#bec ,! poor ,bu%m51 ev51 believe t ! laws relat+ to m>riage are ( div9e orig91 enact$ by ! sacr$ ant-eat]1 & t _! infraction w be sev]ely puni%$4#bed ,! gifts :i* accompani$ ! rite 7 9 ! nature ( (f]+s4 ,c]emonies ( lu/ration & purification1 9 :i* ! sacr$ elem5ts1 fire & wat]1 took a prom95t "p1 7 g5]al1 & ! relation%ip e/abli%$ 0 9 its ess5ce "o ( religi\s significance1 & n "o ( m]e secul> import4 #e4 ,relat+ to ,dea?4--,an attractive writ]1 ,pr(essor ,frank ,grang]1 rem>ks 9 a rec5t volume3 8,! fir/ attitude ( primitive man to 8 dead seems to h be5 "o ( almo/ unmix$ t]ror40#bee ,w\ld t we c\ld give primitive man s mu* cr$it6 ,b we _c4 ,! evid5ce is m\nta9-high t 9 ! e>lie/ & rude/ p]iod ( human hi/ory ! corpse inspir$ s little t]ror t x 0 ne>ly always eat5 by ! surviv+ fri5ds6#bef ,we c look back cle>ly ?r\gh ! corridors ( "t to t /age ( developm5t :5 dea? & ! dead inspir$ no m t]ror or av]sion 9 man ?an !y d to-day among ! c>nivor\s brutes4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! paloli?ic p]iod ( culture we discov] extremely fa9t traces ( any mode ( sepulture1 any respect = ! dead4 ,! olde/ cemet]ies or fun]al monum5ts ( any sort date f ! neoli?ic p]iod4 ,!n ! full mean+ ( ,dea? seems to h brok5 sudd5ly on man1 & 8 :ole life became little m ?an a m$itatio mortis1 a prep>ation = ! _w beyond ! tomb4 ,:at ,pr(essor ,grang] says ( ! anci5t ,romans applies to v _m primitive tribes3 8,9 ! belief ( ! ,romans1 ! "r to live 0 n e/imat$ m highly ?an ! "r to receive prop] burial40#beg ,! fun]al or mortu>y c]emonies1 :i* are (t5 s elaborate1 & s punctili\sly p]=m$ 9 savage tribes1 h a tw(old purpose4 ,!y are equally = ! b5efit ( ! individual & = t ( ! community4 ,if !y are neglect$ or inadequately conduct$1 ! re/less _s ( ! dep>t$ _c rea* ! realm ( joy\s peace1 & !re=e he returns to lurk ab\t 8 =m] home & to plague ! survivors = _! c>elessness4 ,x 0 !re=e to lay ! gho/1 to avoid ! ang] ( ! disembodi$ _s1 t ! liv+ in/itut$ & p]=m$ ! burial c]emonies2 :ile x became to ! int]e/ ( ! individual to provide = x t ^? rites %\ld be c>ri$ out :i* w\ld conduct 8 own s\l to ! abode ( ! bless$4 ,^! 7 z v>i\s z 7 ! my?s ( ! aft]-_w & ! fancies z to ! numb] & de/9y ( ! p]sonal s\ls4 ,mo/ common ( !m all 0 "s sort ( fun]al fea/4 ,! disagreeable sugge/ion is close1 t ?is 0 a survival ( ! habit ( eat+ ! corpse itself4 ,up to a v rec5t date t habit prevail$ among ! ,bolivian ,indians2 & s desirable an end 0 x e/eem$ t ! travell] ,d',orbigny tells ( an old man he met !re ^: only regret at embrac+ ,*ri/ianity 0 t 8 body w\ld be eat5 by worms in/ead ( by 8 relations6 ,! lat] !ory1 h[ev]1 0 t !n ! s\l itself 0 suppli$ ) food4 ,x p>took spiritually ( ! vi&s & ?us1 well =tifi$ = its long j\rney1 dep>t$ 9 good hum\r ) ^? x left beh9d4 ,! same notion l$ to ! _w-wide cu/om ( provid+ x ) _m articles by plac+ !m 9 ! tomb or burn+ !m on ! fun]al pyre4 ,?is ext5d$ n only to weapons1 ut5sils1 ornam5ts1 & clo?+1 b n infrequ5tly to companions4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,p]u ! wives ( a man 7 burn$ alive ) 8 dead body1 & among ! ,nat*ez !y 7 knock$ on ! head & int]r$ "u ! same m\nds4#beh ,i h se5 ! mummy ( a woman f ! ,cliff ,dwell]s ( ,arizona1 hold+ 9 h] arms ! body ( h] babe :i* _h be5 /rangl$ ) a cord1 /ill tightly /ret*$ ar\nd its little neck4 ,pla9ly ! sympa!tic survivors _h reflect$ h[ lonely ! poor "m w\ld be 9 ! next _w )\t h] babe1 & _h det]m9$ t its s\l %\ld accompany h]s4 ,else:]e1 slaves or companions 9 arms 7 sla9 or slew !mselves t !y might accompany "s fam\s *iefta9 to 8 long home4 ,9 ^! fun]al rites ! disposal ( ! corpse dep5d$ ^u e?nic traits1 ance/ral usage1 or ! in/ructions ( ! prie/s4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ 0 simple exposure4 ,! body 0 left 9 ! =e/ = ! bea/s & birds to consume1 z among ! ,caddo ,indians & o!rs2 or x 0 sunk 9 ! wat]s t ! fi% %\ld p]=m ! same (fice2 ! usual object be+ to obta9 ! bones ) ! lea/ tr\ble4 ,! olde/ ( all burials yet discov]$1 ^? 9 ! caves 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 7 ( ?is "*1 simple 8seposition0 z x is call$4 ,! body 0 m]ely laid 9 a po/ure ( repose on ! cave floor1 ) ! weapons & ornam5ts x _h us$ dur+ life4#bei ,next 9 po9t ( "t d\btless came inhumation1 ! int]m5t ( ! body 9 ! gr\nd or cov]+ x1 laid on ! surface1 ) /ones & e>?1--! burial m\nd4 ,hom]ic ,greeks1 ,am]ican ,indians1 & tribes ( all cont95ts practis$ ?is me?od 9 diff]5t ages1 & ! b>r[s or tumuli ?us erect$ rema9 9 ?\s&s to ?is day to atte/ ! religi\s e>ne/ness ( ^? e>ly peoples4 ,! va/ monum5ts :i* at times !y con/ruct$ = _! dead1 ! pyramids1 dolm5s1 & teocalli1 h nev] s9ce be5 equall$ 9 magnitude or cubical cont5ts4 ,ano!r & significant fun]al rite ( high antiquity is t ( cremation or inc9]ation4 ,x 0 symbolic 9 "*1 ! body be+ giv5 to ! flames 9 ord] t ! _s1 by _! purify+ ag5cy1 %\ld promptly be set free & unit$ ) ! gods4 ,?is me?od also prevail$ ext5sively among ! ,am]ican race1 & 0 q 9 consonance ) _! op9ions ( ! aft]-life4 8,x is ! "o passion ( 8 sup]/ition10 writes ,mr4 ,p[]s ( ! ,cali=nian ,indian1 8to ?9k ( ! s\l ( 8 dep>t$ fri5d z set free1 & purifi$ by ! flames2 n b\nd to ! m\ld]+ body1 b borne up on ! s(t cl\ds ( ! smoke t[>d ! beautiful sun40#bfj ,o!r peoples ent]ta9$ ! op9ion t ! body z x is1 9 all its p>ts1 mu/ be pres]v$ 9 ord] t x might be aga9 habitable = ! s\l1 :5 ?is e!real ess5ce %\ld return to e>? f its cele/ial w&]+s4 ,!re=e1 ) utmo/ c>e !y s\ght = means to pres]ve ! fle%ly t5em5t4 ,9 ,virg9ia1 9 "s p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 on ! ,madeira ,isl&s1 ! aborig9al population dri$ ! corpse ov] a sl[ fire into a condition t resi/$ decay2 :ile else:]e1 ! nitr\s soil ( caves (f]$ a natural means ( embalm+4 ,! ,alaskan & ,p]uvian mummies1 l ^? ( anci5t ,egypt1 7 artificially prep>$ & swa!d 9 num]\s c]eclo?s4 ,9 all1 ! same fai? 9 ! lit]al resurrection ( ! fle% 0 ! prevail+ motive4 ,m g5]ally1 ! belief 0 held t ! s\l rema9$ atta*$ 9 "s way to ! bones4 ,^! 7 c>efully clean$ & ei!r pres]v$ 9 ! h\se1 or /or$ 9 ossu>ies4 ,frequ5tly !y 7 kept z amulets or mascots1 9 ! notion t ! fri5dly _s :i* animat$ ! liv+ p]son w\ld cont9ue to hov] ar\nd 8 skeleton or skull1 & ex]t its amicable p[]4 ,! ,p]uvians held t ! bones ( _! deceas$ prie/s 7 oracul>1 speak+ good c\nsel1 & ! mission>ies 7 oblig$ to break !m into small fragm5ts to dispel ?is sup]/ition#bfa2 ?\gh !y !mselves cont9u$ to hold x h]etical to d\bt ! efficacy ( ! bones ( ! sa9ts6 ,a tribe on ! ,or9oco 0 wont to beat ! bones ( _! dead into p[d] & mix x ) _! cassava bread1 hold+ t ?us _! fri5ds & p>5ts liv$ aga9 9 ! bodies ( ! eat]s6 ,aft] cremation1 ! a%es 7 left ^u ! alt>1 & ! :ole cov]$ ) e>?2 or !y 7 pres]v$ 9 urns ) ! fragm5ts ( ! bones2 or1 z ) a tribe ( ! ,amazon1 !y 7 ca/ ^u ! wat]s ( ! great riv] & float$ d[n to ! limitless ocean4 ,?us clos$ ! la/ sc5e 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! primitive man4 ,f bir? to dea? he _h be5 surr\nd$ & gov]n$ by ! c]emonies ( 8 religion2 & on 8 passage out ( ?is life1 he confid5tly look$ to ano!r 9 :i* he %\ld f9d a comp5sation & a consolation = ! woes ( 8 pres5t condition4 ,foll[+ ^! fun]>y functions came ! cu/oms ( m\rn+4 ,!y 7 (t5 excessively protract$ & sev]e1 involv+ self-mutilation1 z ! lopp+ ( a f+] or an e>1 sc>ification1 flagellation1 fa/+1 & cutt+ ! hair4 ,^! 7 %>$ by ! fri5ds & relatives ( ! deceas$1 & at ! dea? ( "s fam\s *ief 8! :ole tribe w pro/rate !mselves to _! woe40 ,! psy*ic explanation ( ^! demon/rations is n :olly cle>4 ,by "s !y h be5 int]pret$ z a commutation = cannibalism1 & by o!rs z an excuse = n accompany+ ! corpse into ! o!r _w4 ,"o writ] says3 8,b>b>ism1 ab&on$ to sorr[1 f9ds physical suff]+ a relief f m5tal agony40#bfb ,on ! o!r h&1 a rec5t /ud5t ( ! subject claims t 9 ^! rites we p]ceive 8! olde/ evid5ce ( active consci5ce 9 ! human race2 ! individual laid h&s on himself 9 ord] to re/ore ! moral equilibrium40#bfc ,ne$ we g f>!r ?an to see 9 !m m]ely exagg]at$ =ms ( ! same emotional outbur/s :i* lead n]v\s temp]am5ts ev]y:]e to wr+ ! h&s & te> ! hair 9 mom5ts ( viol5t grief8 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,! ,l9es ( ,developm5t ( ,primitive ,religions4 ,,cont5ts3--,pagan ,religions n :olly ,bad--,_! ,l9es ( ,developm5t z ,connect$ )3 #a4 ,! ,primitive ,social ,bond--,! ,totem1 ! ,prie/hood1 & ! ,law2 #b4 ,! ,family & ! ,position ( ,woman2 #c4 ,! ,gr[? ( ,jurisprud5ce--,! ,ordeal1 ,trial by ,battle1 ,oa?s1 & ! ,"r ( ,sanctu>y--,religion is ,an>*ic2 #d4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,e?ics--,dualism ( ,primitive ,e?ics--,opposition ( ,religion to ,e?ics2 #e4 ,! ,advance 9 ,positive ,k--,religion v]sus ,sci5ce2 #f4 ,! ,fo/]+ ( ! ,arts--,! ,aim = ,beauty & ,p]fection--,col\r-,symbolism1 ,sculpture1 ,metre1 ,music1 ,oratory1 ,graphic ,me?ods--,useful ,arts1 ,ar*itecture2 #g4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,life ( ! ,individual--,8 ,fre$om & ,happ9ess--,inn] ,/adia ( ,progress3 #a4 ,f ! ,object to ! ,symbol2 #b4 ,f ! ,c]emonial ,law to ! ,p]sonal ,ideal2 #c4 ,f ! ,tribal to ! ,national ,conception ( ,religion--,conclusion4 ,x has always be51 & is n[1 ! prevail+ belief 9 ,*ri/5dom t pagan or hea!n religions _c ex]t & nev] h ex]t$ any good influ5ce on _! vot>ies4 ,?is op9ion has also be5 def5d$ by "s mod]n & em95t au?orities 9 ! sci5ce ( e?nology1 z1 = example1 ! late ,pr(essor ,waitz4#bfd ,x is a fav\rite tea*+ 9 mission>y societies & 9 works ( travell]s :o are ke5 obs]v]s ( ! %ortcom+s ( o!rs' fai?s4 ,i h nev] be5 able to %>e su* a view4 ,! l[e/ religions seem to h 9 !m ! elem5ts :i* exi/ 9 ! ripe/ & ! noble/2 & ^! elem5ts "w = good :]ev] !y exi/4 ,h[ev] rude ! =m ( belief 9 ag5cies above ^? ( ! mat]ial _w1 9 a high] law ?an t confess$ly ( solely human enactm5t1 & 9 a /&>d ( duty prescrib$ by some?+ l(ti] ?an imm$iate advantage1--su* a belief mu/ prompt ! individual1 any:]e1 to a salut>y self-discipl9e :i* w /eadily raise him above 8 m]ely animal in/9cts1 & imbue him ) nobl] conceptions ( ! aims ( life4 ,:5 he feels himself "u ! protection ( "s unse51 b ev] ne>1 b5efic5t p[]1 8 emotions ( gratitude & love w be /imulat$2 & :5 he recognises 9 ! c]emonial law a div9e prescription = 8 own welf>e & t ( 8 tribe1 he w *e]fully submit to ! rig\rs ( its discipl9e4 ,! v>i\s l9es ( developm5t :i* 7 ?us m>k$ out & pursu$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( e>ly religi\s ?\ght1 & :i* react$ to develop x1 des]ve to be po9t$ out 9 detail1 s9ce !y h s g5]ally be5 ov]look$ or misund]/ood4 ,= conv5i5ce ( pres5tation !y may be exam9$ "u sev5 head+s1 z !y 7 connect$ )3 #a4 ,! primitive social bond2 #b4 ,! family & ! position ( woman2 #c4 ,! gr[? ( jurisprud5ce2 #d4 ,! developm5t ( e?ics2 #e4 ,! advance 9 positive k2 #f4 ,! fo/]+ ( ! arts2 & #g4 ,! indep5d5t life ( ! individual4 ,^! are ! ma9 elem5ts ( e?nology2 & z !y progress$ to high] =ms & f9] specialisations1 p>tly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( religion1 !y 9 turn reflect$ back to x _! bright] lu/re1 & ! symmetrical gr[? ( a ri*] culture 0 ?us secur$4 #a4 ,! fir/ to be nam$ %\ld be ! con/ruction ( ! primitive society4 ,?is 0 ess5tially religi\s4 ,i h already emphasis$ h[ completely ! savage is b\nd up 9 8 fai?1 h[ x ent]s into nigh e act & ?\ght ( 8 daily life4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by its "p 9 f\r v e>ly & widely exi/+ =ms ( social ties--! totem1 ! sacr$ society1 ! prie/hood1 & ! c]emonial law4 ,! totemic bond ,i h previ\sly expla9$4 ,x exi/$ 9 _m ,am]ican & ,au/ralian tribes & relics ( x c be disc]n$ 9 ! e>ly peoples ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa4 ,its con/itution 0 av[$ly religi\s4 ,! suppos$ or 8eponym\s0 ance/or ( ! totem 0 a my?ical exi/5ce1 a sort ( deity4 ,he 0 kn[n only ?r\gh a revelation1 ei!r 9 visions1 or1 ?r\gh ! ass]tions ( ! eld]s ( ! clan1 9 :i* latt] case ! my? 0 ! orig9 ( ! relation%ip4 ,!oretically1 all memb]s ( ! totem 7 k9folk1 8( "o blood10 & ! num]\s rites connect$ ) ! lett+ ( blood 7 g5]ally to symbolise ?is tea*+4#bfe ,9 v>i\s tribes1 z among ! ,si\x & 9 ,polynesia1 ! totem did n prevail4 ,its place 0 tak5 by societies1 sacr$ 9 "*1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 b\nd closely toge!r by "s sup]natural tie4 ,z our ,indians say1 all ! memb]s 8_h ! same m$ic9e40 ,! relation ^! societies be> to ! tribe is n dissimil> to t else:]e held by totems4 ,9 ne>ly all primitive peoples ! prie/hood ex]ts a p[]ful influ5ce 9 pres]v+ ! unity ( ! tribe1 9 pres5t+ an immovable opposition to ext]nal control4 ,?is is well kn[n to ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies & bitt]ly res5t$ by !m4 ,^! %amans & 8m$ic9e-m50 are ! mo/ p]si/5t oppon5ts ( civilisation & ,*ri/ianity2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! same cons]vatism on _! "p has = c5turies be5 ! *ief prev5tive ( tribal dissolution & decay4 ,:ile we regret t !y %\ld resi/ :at is good1 we mu/ recognise ! value ( _! s]vices to _! p 9 ! pa/4#bff ,! c]emonial law belongs1 z ,i h else:]e said1 to ! prim>y =ms ( religion4 ,x is 9 full =ce1 z among ! ,m9copies & ,yahgans1 :]e x is difficult to p]ceive any o!r =m ( religi\s expression4 ,x is deem$ by all to be div9e 9 orig91 imp>t$ 9 dreams or visions by sup]natural visitors1 transc5d+ !re=e all human enactm5ts4 ,x def9es ! prop] conduct ( ! individual1 & prescribes :at is all[$ & :at is =bidd5 to him4 ,ob$i5ce to x is con/antly inculcat$ "u ! ?reat ( ! sev]e/ p5alties4 ,^! are ! ma9 =ces :i* m\ld$ ! e>lie/ human societies kn[n to u1 & may be said to h fir/ creat$ society itself4 ,!y are all di/9ctly religi\s1 & _! consid]ation obliges u to ackn[l$ge ! correctness ( ! /atem5t ( a di/+ui%$ ,italian1 ,pr(essor ,tito ,vignoli1--8,!re is no society1 h[ev] rude & primitive1 9 :i* all ! relations1 bo? ( ! individual & ( ! society itself1 are n visibly bas$ on sup]/itions & my?ical beliefs40#bfg #b4 ,e>li]1 p]haps1 ?an any def9ite social organisation 0 ! family bond :i* unit$ toge!r ^? ( "o k9%ip4 ,?is re/$ ^u m>riage1 ! religi\s "* ( :i* 9 ev5 ! rude/ tribes ,i dwelt ^u 9 ! la/ lecture4 ,i !n expla9$ ! matri>*al sy/em preval5t 9 s _m savage peoples4 ,necess>ily1 ?is exalt$ ! position ( woman1 by conf]r+ ^u h] ! titul> position ( head ( ! h\se1 & (t5 ! actual own]%ip ( ! family prop]ty4 ,x is a g5]al tru? 9 sociology t we may gauge ! t5d5cies ( a giv5 society t[>ds progressive gr[? by ! position x assigns to woman1 by ! am\nt ( fre$om x gives h]1 & by ! respect x pays to h] peculi> faculties4 ,religions :i*1 l ,mohamm$anism1 r$uce h] to a v subord9ate place 9 life1 :olly second>y to t ( ! male1 h work$ detrim5tally to ! advancem5t ( ! peoples :o h adopt$ !m4 ,9 "s savage tribes1 ! woman is a m]e *attel or slave1 d5i$ actual p>ticipation 9 religi\s rites4 ,b t is by no means ! case ) all4 ,among ! ,hott5tots1 = example1--:o 71 :5 fir/ discov]$1 a p ( respectable culture1--a man c take no high] oa? ?an to swe> by 8 elde/ si/]2 & su* is ! respect inculcat$ ?r\gh 8 religion1 t he nev] speaks to h] unless %e addresses him fir/4#bfh ,! m delicate n]v\s organisation ( wom5 adapts !m peculi>ly to ! p]ception ( ^? sub-consci\s /ates :i* are ! psy*ic s\rces ( inspiration & revelation4 ,v widely1 !re=e1 9 primitive religions !y occupi$ ! position ( se]esses & prie/esses1 & 7 rev]5c$ 9 accordance !re)4 ,among ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 9 =m] days1 all ! recognis$ prie/ly class 7 wom54 ,_! bodies 7 suppos$ to be ! *os5 resid5ce ( ! ,sangsangs1 beautiful be+s1 fri5dly to m54 ,^! inspir$ wom51 call$ ,bilians or ,bori*1 7 subject to !oleptic fits1 9 :i* !y gave advice1 =etold ! future1 recit$ rhy?mic songs1 etc4 ,!y 7 "u no re/ra9t ( conduct1 z :at !y did1 x 0 held1 0 ! prompt+ ( ! god4 ,s firm 0 _! influ5ce t1 :51 9 mod]n days1 ! m5 also became prie/s1 !y 7 oblig$ to we> ! g>b ( wom54#bfi ,! ,siamese also ent]ta9 ?is op9ion4 ,_! gods speak ?r\gh ! m\? ( "s *os5 woman4 ,:5 %e feels ! visit ( ! _s to be ne>1 %e arrays h]self 9 a h&some r$ silk g>m5t1 & z ! deity ent]s h]1 %e disc\rses ( ! o!r _w1 tells :]e lo/ objects are to be f\nd1 & ! l4 ,! assembl$ company wor%ip h]1 or r ! god 9 h]4 ,on recov]+ f h] !opneu/ic trance1 %e pr(esses entire unconsci\sness ( :at has tak5 place4#bgj ,! ,am]ican ,indians v g5]ally conc$e to _! wom5 an exalt$ rank 9 _! religi\s my/]ies4 ,! ,algonqu9s _h q z fam\s 8m$ic9e-wom50 z m$ic9e-m51 & ! same 0 true g5]ally4 ,mr4 ,cu%+ tells me t !re is only "o p]son among ! ,zuis :o is a memb] ( all ! sacr$ societies & ?us kn[s ! secrets ( all1 & t p]son is a woman4 ,:5 ,votan1 ! leg5d>y h]o ( ! ,tz5tals ( ,*iapas1 left !m = 8 long j\rney1 he plac$ 8 sacr$ app>atus & 8 magical scrolls 9 a cave "u ! *>ge ( a high prie/ess1 :o 0 to appo9t h] successor ( ! same sex until 8 return4 ,! secret 0 fai?fully kept & ! successors appo9t$ = m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity2 until1 9 #afib1 on ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! ,bi%op to ! hamlet :]e ! prie/ess liv$1 %e disclos$ ! /ory1 & ! holy relics 7 burn$4#bga ,tw5ty ye>s lat]1 z if to av5ge ?is1 ! ,tz5tals revolt$ 9 a body1 _! lead] be+ an inspir$ prophetess ( _! tribe1 a girl ( tw5ty1 fir$ ) en?usiasm to drive ! ,spani>ds f ! l& & re/ore ! wor%ip ( ! anci5t gods4#bgb ,x is q usual to f9d 9 e>ly religions _m rites1 su* z dances & sacrifices1 :i* wom5 alone c>ry out1 & to :i* x is tabu = any man to be admitt$4 ,?is naturally arises 9 ^? cults :]e ! deities are divid$ sexually into male & female4 ,su* 9 _! orig9 7 ! ,bac*anals ( anci5t ,greece1 p>ticipat$ 9 at fir/ by wom5 & girls only1 celebrat$ 9 devotion to ! productive p[]s ( nature1 :i* 7 held to belong m especially to ! female sex4#bgc ,! 8wise wom50 ( _m primitive fai?s =m$ a close ca/e by !mselves1 no male be+ admitt$1 9 imitation ( _! my?ological prototypes 9 ! heav5s4 ,! 8wit*es0 ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 l9eal successors ( ! ,teutonic prie/esses1 :o took z _! model ! 8swan-maid5s0 or 8wi%-wom50 ( ,od94#bgd ,ano!r =m ( e>ly in/itutions 0 t ( ! societies ( virg9s1 su* z t :i* f primitive ,italic times kept alive ! holy fire ( ,ve/a1 goddess ( ! he>? & home4 ,ext5sive associations ( a simil> nature 7 f\nd by ! ,european explor]s 9 ,mexico1 ,yucatan1 ,p]u1 & else:]e4 ,a curi\s tea*+ ( sev]al wide-spread cults 0 t wom5 alone 7 end[$ ) immortality4 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( ! natives ( ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 & 9 ,samoa ! my? relat$ t ! god ,supa 7p>alysis7 orda9$ 9 ! c\ncil ( creation t ! life ( a man %\ld be l a tor*1 :i*1 :5 bl[n out1 _c be aga9 light$ by bl[+2 b t a woman's s\l %\ld live always4#bge ,no "o c d\bt t 9 ?us assign+ a high & (t5 ! highe/ place 9 ! religi\s my/]ies to woman1 _m primitive religions surr\nd$ h] ) a sacr$ness :i* 0 con/antly recognis$1 & ?us aid$ 9 ! improvem5t ( h] social relations4 ,! value ( virtue & purity 0 increas$1 m]e animal desires 7 subject$ to religi\s re/ra9t1 & ! relations ( sex came increas+ly to be reg>d$ z in/itut$ by div9e wisdom = special purposes4 #c4 ,al?\gh ! specifications ( ! c]emonial law 7 (t5 caprici\s & absurd1 & sometimes positively hurtful1 yet x develop$ ! habit ( ob$i5ce & ! respect = au?ority4 ,9 ?is mann] x pot5tly aid$ ! evolution ( jurisprud5ce--t is1 ( ^? rules ( conduct :i* gr[ out ( ! habit ( m5 liv+ toge!r & :i* are necess>y to pres]ve amicable relations4 ,^! _h _! orig9 9 o!r ?an religi\s consid]ations1 b :5 once consci\sly recognis$ z b5eficial1 ! religion ( ! tribe g5]ally adopt$ !m1 claim$ _! creation1 & ?rew ar\nd !m ! g>b ( its own protective p[]4 ,religion !n actively aid$ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( purely social duties1 z ^! 7 und]/ood by ! tribe4 ,9 primitive conditions1 all laws are ,god's laws4 ,z we w\ld say1 !re is no sep>ation ( ! civil & crim9al f ! canon law4 ,to ! ,mohamm$an1 ! ,koran is ! s\rce ( all jurisprud5ce4 ,?is is a survival f e>ly ?\ght4 ,f ?is x foll[$ t ! puni%m5t ( crime & ! decisions betwe5 litigants 71 prop]ly1 judgm5ts ( ,god4 ,?is univ]sal op9ion is reflect$ 9 a numb] ( traits 9 jurisprud5ce1 "s ( :i* are /ill 9 vogue 9 civilis$ l&s4 ,! mo/ notewor?y are ! ordeal1 trial by battle1 oa?s1 & ! privilege ( sanctu>y4 ,ordeals 7 univ]sal4 ,!y all re/$ on ! belief t ! gods w\ld rescue ! innoc5t man f dang]4 ,he might be requir$ to hold r$-hot iron 9 8 h&s2 he might be plung$ long "u wat]2 swall[ poison2 or 9 any o!r way expose himself to pa9 or dea?2 if he 7 unju/ly accus$1 ! invisible p[]s w\ld protect him4#bgf ,! trial by battle involv$ ! same op9ion4 8,if ! ,"l is on my side1 :y %\ld ,i fe>80 is ! confid5t belief at ! basis ( e su* te/ ( skill & /r5g?4#bgg ,^! =ms ( decision h disappe>$1 b ! oa? rema9s z vigor\s z ev] 9 our law c\rts4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 z has be5 po9t$ out by ! able e?nologi/ & lawy]1 ,dr4 ,po/1 orig9ally & 9 _s no?+ else ?an an ordeal4 ,! false witness1 ! p]jur]1 is believ$ to expose himself to ! wra? ( ,god & to suff] ! consequ5ces 9 ?is or ano!r life4#bgh ,! rite ( sanctu>y 0 di/9ctly religi\s4 ,! crim9al among ! ,hebrews1 :o c\ld escape to ! temple & cl+ to ! horns ( ! alt>1 mu/ n be seiz$ by ! (fic]s ( ju/ice4 ,! ,*]okee ,indians1 l ! ,israelites1 _h 8cities ( refuge10 :i* !y call$ 8:ite t[ns40 ,) ! ,acag*emem1 a ,cali=nian tribe1 ! temples 7 s purify+ t ! evil-do]1 7 he guilty ev5 ( murd]1 :o c\ld rea* !m be=e he 0 caught1 0 cleans$ ( 8 s9 & absolv$ ev] aft] f any puni%m5t = x4#bgi ,9 ^! vital relations we see h[ religion ent]$ deeply into civil life1 & became a guide & director ( its mo/ ess5tial proc$ures4 ,its developm5t grew ) its responsibilities & ) ! intimacy x cultivat$ ) practical affairs4 ,! codes ( /atutes in/itut$ by anci5t legislators1 usually p]sonifi$ "u "s "o fam\s "n1 z ,moses1 ,manu1 ,m5es1 or ! l1 obta9$ g5]al adoption ?r\gh ! belief t !y emanat$ directly f div9ity1 & 7 "p ( ! c]emonial law4 ,"u fav\r ( ?is disguise1 !y work$ = ! good ( ^? :o foll[$ !m1 & ga9$ a cr$5ce :i* w\ld n h be5 conc$$ to !m1 _h x be5 ?\ght t !y 7 ( human manufacture4 ,t[>d m]ely human law ! religi\s s5tim5t is 9 its nature & d]ivation 9 frequ5t opposition4 ,x claims a nobl] l9eage & a high] title4 ,9 !ory1 ! ,*ur* mu/ always be above ! ,/ate1 z ,god is sup]ior to man4 ,religion1 :5 vital & active1 is ev] revolution>y & an>*ic4 ,x ev] aims at sub/itut+ div9e = human ord9ances4 ,?is has be5 f e>lie/ times its con/ant t5d5cy4 ,x has be5 a pot5t dissolv5t ( /ates & gov]nm5ts & ( su* old] religi\s expressions z h become humanis$ by usage & =mality4 ,9 ?is mann] x has be5 ! mo/ p[]ful ( all lev]s 9 /imulat+ ! human m9d to active ent]prise & ! use ( all its faculties4 ,man owes less to 8 consci\s ?an to 8 sub-consci\s intellig5ce1 & ( ?is religion has be5 ! *ief int]pret]4 #d4 ,! sev]e/ bl[s h be5 dealt at primitive or pagan religions on acc\nt ( ! inf]iority ( _! e?ics4 ,x has (t5 be5 ass]t$ t !y d n cultivate ! moral faculties & b5evol5t emotions1 b /ifle & p]v]t !m4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 consid]$ to be di/9ctly evil 9 t5d5cy4 ,?is important criticism _c be dispos$ ( by a m]e d5ial4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! e?ics ( b>b>ism is n t ( a high civilisation4 ,b if we und]/& ! necess>y conditions ( tribal life 9 ! un5d+ conflicts ( ! savage /ate1 we c see t ! highe/ moral code w\ld f9d no place !re4 ,all tribal religions prea* a dualism ( e?ics1 "o = ! memb]s ( ! tribe1 :o are b\nd toge!r by ties ( k9%ip & by union to pres]ve exi/5ce2 & ! o!r1 = ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,to ! =m] are due aid1 k9dness1 ju/ice1 tru? & fair deal+2 to ! latt]1 enmity1 hatr$1 injury1 falsehood1 & deceit4 ,! latt] is j z mu* a duty z ! =m]1 & is j z positively enjo9$ by bo? religion & tribal law4#bhj ,! /ate ( b>b>ism is "o ( p]petual w>1 9 :i* ea* petty tribe is /riv+ to conqu]1 rob1 & de/roy its neighb\rs4 ,! ,patagonians & ,au/ralians w&] ab\t _! /]ile l&s 9 small b&s1 nak$ & %elt]less1 own+ no?+ b ! b>e/ necessities4 ,b :5ev] two ( ^! b&s approa* ea* o!r1 x is ! signal = a murd]\s /ruggle1 9 ord] to obta9 possession ( ! wret*$ rags & trump]ies ( ! oppon5t4 ,= ?is reason1 ! developm5t ( e?ics mu/ be /udi$ on inclusive l9es1 z to :at ext5t !y 7 cultivat$ betwe5 memb]s ( ! same social unit1 ! totem or ! tribe4 ,! duty ( k9dness to o!rs ext5d$ to a v limit$ di/ance1 b1 )9 t area1 may h be51 & g5]ally 01 punctually obs]v$4 ,! devotion ( memb]s ( ! same g5s to ea* o!r1 ev5 to ! sacrifice ( life1 has be5 (t5 not$ among savages4 ,! duties involv$ by ?is connection 7 frequ5tly on]\s & dang]\s1 z 9 ! common cu/om ( blood rev5ge1 :]e a man1 at ! imm95t p]il & (t5 at ! loss ( 8 own life1 felt con/ra9$ to slay ! murd]] ( a fell[-clansman4 ,! "* ( ! e>ly gods 01 z a rule1 non-e?ical4 ,!y 7 g5]ally nei!r :olly good nor :olly bad4 ,!y 7 m or less fri5dly t[>d m51 b r>ely con/antly ei!r b5efic5t or malignant4 ,!y 7 too human = t4#bha ,h5ce ! religions :i* 7 f\nd$ ^u su* conceptions 7 n 9 _! prescriptions ( conduct *iefly e?ical1 b r c]emonial4 ,moral conduct 0 ( less importance ?an ! p]=mance ( ! rites1 ! recitation ( ! =mulas1 & ! respect = ! tabu4#bhb ,i may g f>!r1 & say t 9 all religions1 9 ! ess5ce ( religion itself1 !re lies conceal$ a c]ta9 contempt = ! m]ely e?ical1 z comp>$ ) ! my/ical1 9 life4 ,t :i* is :olly religi\s 9 ?\ght & emotion is consci\s ( ano!r1 &1 x claims1 a l(ti] orig9 ?an t :i* is moral only1 bas$ z ! latt] is1 on solely social consid]ations4 ,i h he>d f ! pulpits ( our own l& v gloomy pr$ictions ( ! fate ( ! 8m]ely moral man40#bhc #e4 ,t :i* we call 8mod]n progress0 is due to ! increase ( positive k1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! doma9 ( objective tru?4 ,to ?is1 religion 9 its e>ly /ages made important contributions4 ,! motions ( ! cele/ial bodies 7 /udi$ at fir/ = c]emonial reasons only4 ,!y fix$ ! sacr$ ye> & ! p]iods = fe/ivals & sacrifices4 ,out ( ?is grew a/ronomy1 ! civil cal5d>1 & o!r dep>tm5ts ( infantile sci5ce4 ,! rudim5ts ( ma!matics 7 discov]$ & develop$ *iefly by ! prie/ly class1 & at fir/ = hi]atic purposes2 & ! same is true ( ! elem5ts ( botanical & zological k4 ,! practice ( m$ic9e owes "s ( its mo/ useful res\rces to ! obs]vations ( ! 8m$ic9e-m50 or %amans ( savage tribes4 ,:ile ?is mu* & m may ju/ly be /at$ conc]n+ ! contributions ( ,religion to ,sci5ce1 !re c be no "q ( ! irreconcilable conflict betwe5 ! two4 ,!y arise 9 totally diff]5t tracts ( ! human m9d1 ,sci5ce f ! consci\s1 ,religion f ! sub- or unconsci\s intellig5ce4 ,!re=e1 !re is no common measure betwe5 !m4 ,sci5ce proclaims t man is born to "k1 n to believe1 & t tru?1 to be su*1 mu/ be v]ifiable4 ,religion proclaims t fai? is sup]ior to k1 & t ! tru? :i* is intuitive is & mu/ be high] ?an t :i* dep5ds on obs]vation4 ,sci5ce ackn[l$ges t x c rea* no c]ta9 conclusions2 its f9al decisions are always foll[$ by a m>k ( int]rogation4 ,religion despises su* hesitancy1 & proce$s 9 p]fect confid5ce ( possess+ ! c5tral & et]nal v]ity4 ,sci5ce looks ^u ! ultimate kn[able laws ( ! univ]se z me*anical1 religion z spiritual or demonologic4 ,^! diff]5ces h always exi/$1 & h1 9 ! ma91 result$ 9 plac+ religions at all times 9 antagonism to univ]sal e?ics1 to g5]al rules ( conduct1 & to objective k4 ,ev]y:]e1 ! religi\s portion ( ! community h ent]ta9$ a secret or op5 contempt = 8worldly le>n+02 ev]y:]e !y h proclaim$ t ! k ( ,god is sup]ior to ! k ( 8 works2 & t ob$i5ce to 8 law is ( m import ?an ! love ( humanity4 ,we may turn to ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! tribes ( ,sib]ia or ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 & we %all f9d t ! ord9>y 8doctor0 :o cur$ by a k ( h]bs1 ( nurs+1 & ( simple me*anical means1 0 f> less e/eem$ ?an ! %aman :o dep5d$ n on special k b on ! possession ( my/]i\s p[]s :i* gave him control ov] demons#bhd2 or we may take t ,prote/ant sect ( ! ,re=mation1 :o oppos$ anyone le>n+ ! alphabet1 le/ he %\ld wa/e 8 "t on va9 human k#bhe2 or a ?\s& o!r examples2 & ! contra/ is always ! same4 ,! conclusion1 !re=e1 is t e>ly religion did assi/ ! developm5t ( ! race along ^! l9es1 b only incid5tally &1 z x 71 unwitt+ly2 :ile x 01 at he>t1 unfri5dly to !m4 #f4 ,x is o!rwise :5 we turn to ,art1 especially e/hetic ,art4 ,its aim is ! realisation1 ! expression 9 ! object1 ( ! idea ( ! ,beautiful4 ,?is idea does n belong to ! consci\s intellig5ce4 ,x _c be express$ 9 ! =mulas ( positive k4 ,! e/hetic1 l ! religi\s1 emotions1 s5d _! roots f> d[n into ! opaque /ructure ( ! sub-consci\s intellig5ce1 & h5ce ! two are natural associates4 ,:at ,pr(essor ,ba9 says ( ,art may be ext5d$ to ,religion3 8,nature is n its /&>d1 nor is objective tru? its *ief end40#bhf ,x has be5 s]i\sly que/ion$ :e!r ! idea ( ! beautiful exi/$ among primitive peoples1 ap>t f a desire = m]e gaudy col\r+ or /rik+ display4 ,no "o w\ld d\bt its univ]sal pres5ce c\ld he b free 8 judgm5t f 8 own canons ( ! beautiful1 & accept ^? :i* prevail 9 ! savage tribe he is /udy+4 ,d>w91 9 8 "w on ! ,desc5t ( ,man1 collect$ evid5ce f ! rude/ hordes ( all cont95ts to prove t all 7 passionate admir]s ( beauty1 z measur$ by _! own crit]ia2 & he rea*$ also ! important conclusion t _! complete/ expression ( x 0 to be f\nd 9 _! religi\s art4 8,9 e nation10 he says1 8suffici5tly advanc$ to h made effigies ( _! gods1 or ( _! deifi$ rul]s1 ! sculptors no d\bt h endeav\r$ to express _! highe/ idea ( beauty40#bhg ,we %\ld also rememb] t ! same great tea*] says3 8,x is c]ta9ly n true t !re is 9 ! human m9d any univ]sal /&>d ( beauty20 & ?is is s1 bo? ( ! human =m & ( ^? expressions ( ! beautiful :i* appeal to ! e> & ! t\*4 ,! music & ! metre ( "o race g5]ally displease ano!r2 & !re is no "o norm by :i* ! sup]iority ( ei!r c be absolutely asc]ta9$4 ,9 _! own way1 h[ev]1 ,art & ,religion h ?is 9 common1 t !y make a /udy ( ,p]fection1 & aim to embody x 9 actuality2 :]eas ,sci5ce or positive k conf9es itself to reality1 :i* is ev] imp]fect4 ,p]fection is1 h[ev]1 an uncondition$ mode ( exi/5ce1 n measurable by our s5ses1 & h5ce outside ! doma9 ( inductive rese>*4 ,! t5d5cy ( organic =ms & cosmic motions is always t[>d x1 b !y always fall %ort ( x4#bhh ,we are aw>e ( x only ?r\gh ! long+s ( our sub-consci\s m9ds1 n ?r\gh ! laws ( our reason+ intellig5ce4 ,yet s int5se is our conviction1 n only t x is true1 b t f9al tru? lies 9 x alone1 t x has ev] be5 & w ev] be ! highe/ & /ronge/ motive ( human action4 ,beg9n+ ) ^? arts :i* are av[$ly ! expression ( beauty 9 l9e1 col\r1 or =m1 x is easy to %[ h[ !y 7 fo/]$ by ! religi\s s5se4 ,! inscrib$ %ells & tablets f ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley pres5t complex & symmetrical draw+s1 cle>ly int5d$ = "s my?ical be+ or sup]natural p]sonage4 ,among ! ,sali%an ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 :5 a girl rea*es maturity %e mu/ g alone to ! hills & und]go a long p]iod ( retirem5t4 ,at its close1 %e records h] exp]i5ces by draw+ a numb] ( rude figures 9 r$ pa9t on a b\ld]1 indicat+ ! rites %e has p]=m$ & ! visions %e has _h4#bhi ,su* rock-writ+1 or petroglyphs1 ne>ly always ( religi\s import1 are f\nd 9 e cont95t1 & (f] ! beg9n+s ( ! art ( draw+4 ,x is possible t ! olde/ kn[n examples1 scrat*$ ) a fl9t on ! bones ( re9de]s dug up 9 ! caves ( s\!rn ,france1 may repres5t ! totems or deifi$ h]oes ( ! clan4 ,c]ta9 x is t a class ( symbolic figures1 :i* recur ! _w ov]1 (t5 dat+ f remote ages1 su* z ! cresc5t1 ! cross1 ! sva/ika1 ! triskeles1 ! circle1 & ! squ>e1 7 ( religi\s int5tion1 & convey$ my/ic k or sup]natural protection 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o drew !m4 ,! e>ly cultivation ( pa9t+ 9 religi\s art arose *iefly f ! symbolism ( col\rs1 to :i* ,i previ\sly made a pass+ allusion4 ,its orig9 0 9 ! effect :i* c]ta9 hues h ^u ! m9d1 ei!r specifically or f association4 ,col\r-symbolism1 inde$1 =ms a prom95t feature 9 ne>ly e primitive religion4 ,! import ( ! diff]5t col\rs v>ies1 b n to ! degree :i* excludes "s g5]al t5d5cies4 ,! :ite & ! blue are usually ( *e]ful & peaceful signification1 ! black & ! r$ are om9\s ( /rife & d>kness4 ,9 _m tribes ! yell[ bore ! deepe/ religi\s mean+4 ,! ,mayas ( ,yucatan assign$ x to ! dawn & ! ea/2 & :5 ! ,aztecs ga!r$ ar\nd ! dy+ b$ ( "o !y lov$1 & rais$ _! voices 9 ! paean :i* 0 to waft ! s\l to its high] life beyond ! grave1 !y sang3 8,already does ! dawn appe>1 ! light advances4 ,already d ! birds ( yell[ plumage tune _! songs to greet !e40 ,^! symbolic col\rs are ^? ) :i* ! e>ly temples 7 t9t$ & ! rude images ( ! gods /a9$4 ,!y 7 r>ely h>moni\s1 b !y 7 effective1 & appeal$ to ! p = :om !y 7 int5d$4 ,_! prep>ation & _! te*nical employm5t 7 improv$1 &1 z ! art advanc$1 x react$ on ! religion1 direct+ its conceptions ( div9ity into high] walks & t[>d nobl] ideals4 ,art 9 l9e & col\r is ( va/ antiquity1 probably prec$+ t 9 %ape or =m1 c>v+ or sculpture4 ,b ?is1 too1 we f9d 0 fairly und]/ood by ! cave-dwell]s ( ,france & ,switz]l& at a "t :5 ! great glaci] /ill cov]$ a good "p ( ! ,european cont95t1 & !re is sc>cely a savage tribe to-day t does n make "s rude attempts at c>v+ ! images ( its deities4 ,a natural object :i* has a *ance resemblance to a man or bea/ is *os5 z a feti%1 & ! wor%ipp] by *ipp+ or rubb+ increases slightly ! lik5ess4 ,?is is ! infancy ( ! sculptor's art1 & x is usually = a religi\s purpose t x is ex]cis$4 ,soon x is develop$1 & 9 /one1 or bone1 or wood1 9 bak$ clay1 or rags1 or leaves1 we f9d ?\s&s ( effigies 9 use to repres5t ! tutel>y deities & ! o!r d5iz5s ( ! sup]natural _w4 ,s prom95t 0 ! e>ly progress ( religi\s art 9 ?is direction t x gave ! "n to e>ly religion itself4 ,x 0 di/9ctly 8idolatry10 or 8image wor%ip10 ! objective expression ov]:elm+ ! inw>d s5tim5t4 ,its excess 9 ?is direction l$ to reactions & prote/s z long ago z ! dawn ( hi/ory4 8,?\ %alt n make to ?yself any grav5 image1 nor ! lik5ess ( any?+10 0 a comm& tak5 s lit]ally t x has swept away ev] s9ce 9 "s ( ! ,semitic peoples all int]e/ 9 pla/ic or pictorial art1 :e!r sacr$ or secul>4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! contemplation ( a div9ity n repres5t$ by any visible object w\ld ma9ta9 & develop a high] conception ?an if portray$ "u tangible =m1 no matt] h[ beautiful or h[ symbolic4 ,?is op9ion w\ld n & did n exclude ! cultivation ( ! beautiful "u non-s5su\s =ms1 su* z appeal to ! e> r ?an to ! eye4 ,i ref] to metre & music1 to oratory & lit]>y composition4 ,f "s cause :i* x might be difficult to expla9 satisfactorily ! natural expression ( religi\s emotion 9 language is univ]sally metrical4 ,! rites ( e b>b>\s tribe are conduct$ 9 or accompani$ by rude *ants or songs1 :i* bo? /imulate ! religi\s feel+s & give appropriate v5t to !m4 ,_m ( ^! *ants are m]e repetitions ( phrases1 or refra9s1 de/itute ( mean+1 b !y answ] ! purpose1 & are ! g]ms f :i*1 9 appropriate surr\nd+s1 h be5 develop$ ! great poems ( ! race1 ! inspirations ( its immortal b>ds4 ,hundr$s ( examples ( ^! primitive religi\s *ants h be5 collect$ ( rec5t ye>s1 :51 = ! fir/ "t1 _! e?nologic importance has be5 und]/ood4 ,!y pres5t a /rik+ simil>ity1 :e!r f ! ,polynesian ,isl&s1 ! des]t-dwell]s ( ,au/ralia1 or ! ,navahoes & ,si\x ( our own res]vations4 ,_m ( !m are sc>cely m ?an in>ticulate cries1 b ev5 ^! h a c]ta9 lik5ess1 conta9+ ! same class ( v[els1 & (t5 lead+1 ?r\gh ?is physiological correlation ( s\nd to emotion1 to simil> words 9 ! religi\s language ( f>-di/ant peoples4 ,ev]y:]e we f9d ^! metrical outbur/s controll$ by ! s5se ( rhy?mical repetition2 & x 0 to acc5tuate ?is t in/rum5ts ( music 7 fir/ inv5t$4 ,_! rude/ =ms may be se5 9 ! two flat /icks :i* ! ,au/ralians use to beat "t = _! s++ 9 _! corroborees1 or fe/al c]emonies2 or 9 ! holl[ log1 p\nd$ by a club1 :i* "s ,c5tral ,am]ican tribes /ill employ4 ,all ! native ,am]ican musical in/rum5ts appe> to h be5 fir/ inv5t$ = aid+ ! ritual2 & tradition assigns ) probability ! same orig9 = mo/ ( ^? 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,uni=m rhy?mic motion is a p[]ful means ( int5sify+ collective sugge/ion2 & its action is ! m pot5t ! m we yield our m9ds to ! control ( _! unconsci\s activities1--! realm 9 :i* ! religi\s s5tim5t is supreme4 ,9 ! initiation c]emonies ( ! ,au/ralians--call$ ! ,bora--! y\? are oblig$ to li/5 to long spee*es f ! old m51 conta9+ in/ructions 9 conduct & ! ance/ral religi\s beliefs4 ,su* cu/oms z ?is1--& 9 "o or ano!r =m !y are univ]sal 9 primitive religions--l$ to ! developm5t ( ! art ( ,oratory4 ,x 0 cultivat$ assidu\sly 9 primitive conditions4 ,we h sev]al volumes l>gely fill$ ) ! prolix addresses ( ! ,aztec prie/s & prie/esses on v>i\s solemn occasions1 z bir?1 ent]+ adult life1 m>riage1 etc4#bij ,to le>n ^! long =mulas by he>t 0 "o ( ! duties1 & n an easy "o1 ( ! neophytes4 ,9 mo/ tribes !y are c\*$ 9 =ms ap>t f ^? ( daily use1 ! words be+ unusual1 ) full v[els & sonor\s t]m9ations4 ,"s ( ^! peculi>ities survive 9 ! 8pulpit eloqu5ce0 ( our own day1 te/ify+ to ! influ5ce ( religi\s ?\ght on ! developm5t ( ! modes ( dignifi$ expression4 ,x 0 9 ?is connection & "u ?is inspiration t man inv5t$ ! greate/ boon :i* humanity has ev] enjoy$1--a sy/em ( writ+1 a means ( record+ & pres]v+ facts & ideas4 ,our pres5t alphabet is trac$ l9eally back to ! sacr$ picture-writ+ ( anci5t ,egypt2 & ! less effici5t me?od employ$ by ! natives ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica orig9at$ 9 devices to pres]ve ! liturgic songs & religi\s =mulas4 ,= g5]ations1 9 bo? areas1 its *ief cultivation & ext5sion lay ) ! prie/ly class3 al?\gh its f9al application to ! uses ( daily life 0 due to m]*ants r ?an to s*ol>s4 ,?is discov]y made possible su* a treasure z a lit]ature2 & t we f9d its beg9n+s & olde/ memorials *iefly ( religi\s cont5ts is ample te/imony to ?is incalculable debt we owe to ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,! papyri ( ,egypt1 ! codices ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ! ,sanscrit ,rig ,v$a1 & ! ,p]sian ,v5didad te/ify to ! dilig5ce ) :i* ! anci5t wor%ipp]s s\ght to pres]ve ! sacr$ *ants & =mulas4 ,we disc]n ! same anxiety among rude savages to pass d[n 9 _! integrity ! liturgies ( _! wor%ip2 & 9 ! 8m$ay /icks0 ( ! ,*ipeways & ! curi\sly incis$ wood5 tablets ( ,ea/] ,isl&1 we h ! beg9n+s ( writt5 lit]ature1--always ! purpose be+ religi\s 9 "*4 ,x is unnecess>y to dwell 9 detail ^u ! fo/]+ influ5ce ( e>ly religion on ! useful arts4 ,9 _! num]\s applications to ! ritual & ! objective expression ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 !y 7 con/antly /imulat$ by x & by ! rew>d x 0 ev] prep>$ to (f]1 bo? 9 ?is _w & t to come4 ,b "o art ( utility 0 s pre-em95tly religi\s 9 its s\rce t x m]its especial comm5t1 t is1 build+ or ar*itecture4 ,ne>ly all ! great monum5ts ( ! anci5t _w1 mo/ ( ! important /ructures ( primitive tribes ev]y:]e1 h 9 !m some?+ religi\s 9 aim1 or are av[$ly s4 ,we "k little or no?+ ( ! build]s ( ! my/]i\s 8megali?ic monum5ts10 ! dolm5s & cromle*s :i* to ! numb] ( ?\s&s rise on ! soil ( ,france & ,engl&2 b _! arrangem5t & "* leave no d\bt t !y 7 = "s religi\s purpose4 ,s ! mighty piles :i* excite our a/oni%m5t 9 ! valley ( ! ,nile or ! ,euphrates1 or on ! highl&s ( ,mexico1 or 9 ! tropical =e/s ( ,yucatan1 reveal ! same inspiration4 ,9 8 alt>s & temples1 9 8 %r9es & fun]>y monum5ts1 8 fanes & ca!drals1 man has at all times exp5d$ 8 ef=ts & 8 means ) a prodigality lavi%$ on no o!r edifices4 ,! ord]s ( ar*itecture arose f 8 desire to erect dwell+s wor?y ( ! god :o %\ld inhabit !m4 ,no beauty ( l9e1 no maje/y ( proportion1 no abundance ( decoration1 0 too great to secure ?is purpose4 ,su* surr\nd+s 9 "t imp>t$ dignity & p]man5ce to ! cult1 & embelli%$ ! religi\s s5tim5t ?r\gh noble arti/ic associations4 #g4 ,let u n[ turn f ^! consid]ations ( a g5]al nature to ! m po9t$ "o1 :e!r primitive religions ex]t$ an improv+ influ5ce on ! indep5d5t life ( ! individual2 = t is ! te/ to :i* all in/itutions %\ld f9ally be br\ght4 ,! savage is n ! type ( a free man1 al?\gh 9 popul> e/imation he is g5]ally s consid]$4 ,he is1 9 fact1 tyrannically fett]$ by traditional laws & tribal cu/oms4 ,he is m]g$ 9 8 clan or g5s1 aga9/ ^: rules1 (t5 mo/ pa9ful & arbitr>y1 he d>es take no /ep4 ,z an individual1 he _c escape f _! invisible *a9s4#bia ,8 only av5ue to p]mitt$ fre$om is ?r\gh ! high] law ( 8 p]sonal religion4 ,if he pleads t 8 own tutel>y _s has ord]$ him to an act contr>y to cu/om1 or t 8 own magical p[]s enable him to defy e/abli%$ usage1 8 disreg>d ( x w be condon$4 ,9 savage life1 ! inspir$ & ! insane are always rank$ 9 ! same category z above ! law4 ,among ! ,kams*atkans1 if a man decl>es t 8 p]sonal div9ity has 9 a dream comm&$ him to unite ) "s woman ( ! tribe1 x is h] duty to obey1 no matt] :at h] position or relation%ip4#bib ,al?\gh at times ?is fre$om 0 d\btless abus$1 x secur$ = ! individual a degree ( p]sonal lib]ty :i* he c\ld h atta9$ 9 no o!r mann]4 ,by recognis+ a law = ! s+le consci5ce above t ( ei!r ance/ral usage or popul> religion1 x pav$ ! way to ! developm5t ( ! individual1 free f all re/ra9ts o!r ?an 8 cle> judgm5t w\ld lay ^u himself4 ,he :o possess$ ! hidd5 k1 ! esot]ic gnosis1 0 by t k releas$ f bondage to 8 fell[-m54 ,z ! poet ,*apman s well says3 8,!re is no dang] to a man :o kn[s ,:at life & dea? is2 !re's n any law ,exce$s 8 k3 nei!r is x lawful ,t he %\ld /oop to any o!r law40 ,?is s5se ( sup]iority to all surr\nd+s is disclos$ ev]y:]e 9 my/ic religions4 ,a ,h9du prophetess 0 a few ye>s ago imprison$ by ! ,engli% civic judge = violation ( ! local laws & di/urb+ ! peace4 ,h] only /atem5t 9 def5ce 03 8,ye>s ago1 :5 a girl1 ,i met 9 ! jungle1 face to face1 ! god ,siva4 ,he ent]$ into my bosom4 ,he abides 9 me n[4 ,my bless+ is 8 bless+2 my curse 8 curse40#bic ,! ,malay1 :5 he 8runs amuck10 reg>ds himself exon]at$ f all re/ra9t1 moral or social2 & t cu/om & belief are n conf9$ to 8 race4#bid ,x 0 held among ! anci5ts t ^? :o are 8born ( ,god10 t is1 inspir$ by ! div9e afflatus1 are n only above human law1 b 8are n subject ev5 to ! decrees ( ,fate40#bie ,! c]emonial law1 s p[]ful 9 primitive condition1 mu/ h ex]t$ a b5eficial influ5ce on ! tra9+ ( ! individual4 ,its sev]e re/rictions1 its m9ute & ceaseless regulations ( 8 life1 taught him self-control & self-sacrifice4 ,8 fir/ duty 0 n to himself b to ! o!r memb]s ( 8 clan or totem4 ,ob$i5ce & sy/ematic re/ra9t 7 useful lessons inculcat$ on him f e>lie/ *ildhood4 ,! ,congo ,negro1 ! ,&aman ,isl&]1 ! ,am]ican ,indian1 = :om 8 sponsors _h tak5 v[s at 8 bir?1 grew up to consid] ! fulfilm5t ( ^! ! *ief end ( 8 life4 ,_! violation w\ld entail disa/] & disgrace n m]ely on himself b on 8 p4 ,8 religi\s education1 !re=e1 cultivat$ 9 him "s ( ! f9e/ qualities ( p]fect$ manhood1--self-abnegation & altruism2 =1 z ,pr(essor ,grang] well says1 8,! primitive idea ( hol9ess implies z its *ief elem5t1 relation to ! communal life40#bif ,if1 !re=e1 ) "s writ]s1 we mu/ conc$e t 9 primitive conditions ! individual 0 ev] conceiv$ ) ref]5ce to ! g5s or community1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ recognise ! pot5cy ( ! religi\s elem5t occasionally to sep>ate him f o!rs z "o ( 8! elect02 to tra9 him 9 self-realisation & self-gov]nm5t2 & to *]i% 9 8 m9d ! g]ms ( a free p]sonality4#big ,m difficult is ! decision ( ! "q :e!r primitive religions increas$ ! happ9ess ( ! individual4 ,i h m5tion$ m ?an once ! g5]ally joy\s "* ( _m ( !m1 z se5 9 _! rituals4 ,b x w\ld be a grave error n to dwell also ^u ! dread ( evil spirits :i* is s conspicu\s a "p ( mo/1 & :i* keeps _! vot>ies 9 a /ate ( p]petual anxiety4 ,nor c ! self-sacrifice ,i h ref]r$ to increase ! *e]fulness ( life1 associat$ z x (t5 is ) pa9ful mutilations1 ) prolong$ fa/+1 & exposure to cold & heat4 ,! cruelty ( ! c]emonies is (t5 %ock+1 ! edicts ( ! religi\s code m]ciless4 ,to comp5sate ?is1 8! fe>ful look+ =w>d to ! wra? to come10 ! f]tile s\rce ( m5tal mis]y 9 advanc$ fai?s1 sc>cely exi/s 9 ^? ( primitive conditions4 ,dea? itself is ?us depriv$ ( its greate/ t]ror1 & ! indiff]5ce ) :i* x is met by mo/ savages is matt] ( common note among travell]s4 ,nor does !re exi/ 9 primitive conditions t f]tile s\rce ( human mis]y1 religi\s bigotry or intol]ance1 ) its fatal tra9 ( p]secutions1 torture1 & suspicion4 ,! bloodie/ sacrifices ( hea!ndom h nev] entail$ su* p]sonal unhapp9ess z ! gloomy fanaticism ( "s =ms ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,all ^! sev]al l9es ( developm5t are1 x w be not$1 ext]nal to religion itself4 ,!y modify x1 & are modifi$ by x4 ,b !re are o!r *anges1 wr\ght )9 ! religi\s s5se itself1 :i* we mu/ n[ consid]4 ,religions1 l all o!r in/itutions1 are subject to gr[? & decay1 evolution & retrogression1 developm5t & dea?4 ,! va/ majority ( primitive fai?s h disappe>$ totally1 leav+ no trace beh9d except ! nameless images ( _! gods1 or n ev5 ^!4 ,!y 7 oblit]at$ by conque/1 or m]g$ & lo/ 9 o!r =ms ( belief1 or deg5]at$ & petrifi$ until !y di$ a natural dea?4 ,o!rs grew & ext5d$1 vitalis$ by new ?\ghts1 appropriate to ! new environm5t1 or 7 c>ri$ f> & wide by victori\s rul]s or en?usia/ic vot>ies4 ,x is g5]ally true1 z ,pr(essor ,toy has obs]v$1 t1 9 e>ly conditions1 ! life ( a religion dep5ds on ! life ( ! tribe or /ate :i* has adopt$ x1 & t 8! l>g] ! community1 ! m p]si/5t & vigor\s its religion w be40#bih ,b ! secret ( success lay )9 r ?an )\t2 ! p>ticul> fai? mu/ pass ?r\gh c]ta9 int]nal trans=mations 9 ord] to fit x = ! wid] field op5$ to x4 ,! *ief ( ^! /adia ( progress may be describ$ z a transf]5ce ( religi\s ?\ght3 #a4 ,f ! object to ! symbol2 #b4 ,f ! c]emonial law to ! p]sonal ideal2 & #c4 ,f ! tribal to ! national conception ( religion4 #a4 ,! rude/ phases ( religion connect ! ideas ( ! ,div9e ) p>ticul> ext]nal objects1 a tree1 a rock1 a special place1 ar\nd :i* gr[ up a s]ies ( local my?s & usages4 ,su* ideas1 to develop1 mu/ break away f ^! connections ) concrete & localis$ relations4 ,!y mu/ become g5]alis$1 & ! symbol be sub/itut$ = ! object4 ,in/ead ( a p>ticul> tree1 = in/ance1 ! sign ( ! tree1 ! cross or ! pole 7a%]im71 w be adopt$4 ,?is repres5ts n ! orig9al object b ! p]sonifi$ activity1 ! _s or god :i* 0 suppos$ e>li] to inhabit ! giv5 object or spot4 ,?us ! m9d is fre$ f its bondage to a purely mat]ial1 geographically s+le1 p]ception1 & ! fir/ /ep is tak5 t[>d univ]sal or _w-ideas ( div9ity4 ,9 metaphysical t]ms1 x is a passage f ! concrete to ! ab/ract1 f ! p>ticul> to ! g5]al1 f ! real to ! ideal2 a l9e ( progress :i* mu/ necess>ily be foll[$ by man's intellig5ce 9 ord] to develop 8 especially human attributes4 #b4 ,! second important /ep 0 t :i* sub/itut$ = ! b>e & cold prescriptions ( ! c]emonial law ! ideal ( p]sonal p]fection4 ,! beg9n+s ( ?is are visible ev5 9 ! l[e/ fai?s1 z we see 9 _! v5]ation ( ^? :o1 !y consid]$1 _h fulfill$ mo/ completely _! notions ( duty4 ,su* p]sons 7 held to h desc5d$ f ! gods1 or 7 inspir$ by !m4 ,x is true ^! e>ly ideals are ( little m ?an physical /r5g? & m5tal cunn+2 b _! attributes gradually exp&$ to include corporeal beauty1 intellectual p[]1 & e?ical gr&eur4 ,we ?us arrive1 /ill 9 primitive conditions1 to su* p]sonal ideals z ,quetzalcoatl among ! ,aztecs1 ( :om x 0 said 9 _! leg5ds t he 0 ( maje/ic pres5ce1 *a/e 9 life1 av]se to w>1 wise & g5]\s 9 actions1 & delight+ 9 ! cultivation ( ! arts ( peace2 or z we see among ! ,p]uvians1 9 _! culture h]o ,tonapa1 ( ^: tea*+s a ,ca?olic writ] ( ! sixte5? c5tury says3 8,s closely did !y resemble ! precepts ( ,jesus1 t no?+ 0 lack+ 9 !m b ,8 "n & t ( ,8 ,fa!r40#bii ,:5 ^! ideals 7 n di/9ctly m51 b 7 p>tially or :olly div9e1 nev]!less ! contemplation ( an exi/5ce ^: *ief aim 0 to d good to ^? :o compli$ ) 8 in/ructions1 to protect ^? :o fl$ to him1 & to grant ! petitions ( ^? :o pray$ to him1 0 bo? a com=t+ & ennobl+ conception4 #c4 ,pr(essor ,?iele 9 8 "w on ! anci5t ,egyptian religion makes ! wise obs]vation3 8,! revolution br\ght ab\t by religi\s univ]salism is ! greate/ & mo/ complete :i* ! hi/ory ( ! _w c %[40#cjj ,x is true t no primitive religion aim$ at univ]salism or ev5 deem$ x desirable or possible4 ,! gods ( ! g5s or tribe belong$ to t community1 7 its own exclusively1 & /ood 9 antagonism to all o!r gods4 ,!re 0 no notion ( proselytis+ or mission>y "w1 no desire to ext5d ! wor%ip ( ! tribal god beyond ! limits ( ! tribe4 ,?is exclusiv5ess 0 brok5 d[n by ! int]-communication ( tribes1 _! conf$]ations & conque/s1 :i* =c$ ! religi\s conceptions to take broad] views4 ,! prie/s & philosoph]s began to recognise 9 ! deities ( o!r nations types ( _! own1 z we see 9 ,greek & ,roman writ]s4 ,?is gradually l$ to ! compreh5sive speculations ( ! _w-religions1 9 :i* all m5 are consid]$ to /& equally be=e ,god1 & all entitl$ to ! same %>e ( ,8 grace4 ,! e>ly /ages ( ^! transitions are easily recognis$ 9 primitive fai?s4 ,! adoption ( =eign gods appe>s e>ly4 ,:5 a tribe met ) frequ5t rev]ses1 x began to di/ru/ ! p[] ( its own deities1 & apply to ^? ( its conqu]ors = aid4 ,! cu/om ( exogamy introduc$ div9ities ( o!r g5tes4 ,p]sonal & communal wants l$ to pilgrimages to ! fam\s oracles & fanes ( di/ant religions1 & ! vot>ies 9 return+ br\ght ) !m ! memory & ! cult ( ali5 gods4 ,9 _m su* ways ! b>ri]s ( ! tribal fai? 7 gradually brok5 d[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we may expect to f9d fa9t traits or none ( ! purely ab/ract /age ( religion 9 ! cults ( savage tribes4 ,yet !y are n absolutely lack+4 ,?is ab/ract /age is :5 ! ,idea1 no long] m]g$ 9 ! ,ideal1 /&s by itself z ! recognis$ guide ( consci\s ef=t4 ,! conception ( inf9ity or p]fection is n !n conceiv$ 9 relation to a be+ or p]sonality4 ,x w /ill act z ! l(tie/ motive ( action1 ! deepe/ s\rce ( spiritual joy4 ,?us und]/ood & recognis$1 x w n be a cold product ( ! reason1 b ! w>m & pot5t efflux ( ! he>t1 ( ! impulses1 & ! emotions4 ,9 him :o rises to ?is height1 ! sympa?y = & ! active love ( ! good & ! true w be all ! /rong]1 because he w see t man mu/ hope only f man1 f dilig5t self-p]fect+2 b may ?us hope confid5tly f ! be/ !re is 9 man4 ,t[>d ?is end1 ?\gh unse5 & unackn[l$g$1 7 all religions ( primitive peoples unconsci\sly direct+ & impell+ ! human m9d4 ,long has be5 ! pa?1 _m ! false r\tes foll[$1 f> away is /ill ! goal2 b ev] firm] 9 fai?1 & cle>] 9 purpose1 man w 9 due "t & fit season be e/abli%$ 9 ?is1 ! la/ & inn]mo/ my/]y ( 8 religi\s nature4 ,,footnotes #a 8,religion10 obs]ves ,pr(essor ,toy1 8mu/ be treat$ z a product ( human ?\ght1 z a bran* ( ,sociology1 subject to all ! laws t control g5]al human progress40--,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #a4 #b ,rev4 ,john ,m4 ,neale1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,holy ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 vol4 i41 p4 #cg4 #c ,grang]1 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 p4 vii4 #d ,a4 ,h4 ,po/1 ,grundriss d] e?nologis*5 ,jurisprud5z1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #d4 #e ,! ,sci5ce ( ,fairy ,tales1 p4 #b4 #f ,zeits*rift fr ,vlk]psy*ologie1 ,bd4 xi41 s4 #abd4 #g ,j4 ,j4 ,honegg]1 ,allgeme9e ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #ccb4 8,simil> conceptions10 obs]ves ,pr(essor ,ba/ian1 8repeat !mselves1 "u fix$ laws1 9 localities wide ap>t1 9 ages f> remote40--,grundzge d] ,e?nologie1 p4 #gc4 #h ,e4 ,m4 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #ej4 #i ,w4 ,p4 ,cl>k1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #bda4 #aj ,?is subject is fully discuss$ by ,flgel1 ,zeit4 fr4 ,vlk]psy*ologie1 ,bd4 xi42 by ,pr(4 ,james ,sully 9 8 ,/udies ( ,*ildhood2 & by ,dr4 ,fri$mann1 ,c5tralblatt fr ,an?ropologie1 ,bd4 i4 ,! la/ m5tion$ argues t ! m9d ( ! savage has m po9ts ( resemblance to ! insane ?an to ! *ild m9d4 ,! high] emotional susceptibility ( savages c be illu/rat$ by abundant examples4 #aa ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #ajh4 #ab ,! case 0 n exceptional4 ,among sev]al tribes x 0 an e/abli%$ cu/om = a "m to kill & eat h] fir/ *ild1 z x 0 believ$ to /r5g!n h] = lat] bir?s4 ,see examples 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,vlk]psy*ologie1 ,bd4 xiv41 pp4 #dfj1 sq4 #ac ,palm] 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xiii41 pp4 #bid1 #cii4 #ad ,pr(essor ,sayce believes t ! ,sum]ian ( anci5t ,babylonia 0 g5d]less2 & t ! local gods 7 fir/ end[$ ) sex on be+ adopt$ by ! ,semites4--,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #agf4 #ae ,cuoq1 ,lexique ,algonqu9e1 p4 #ba1 note4 #af ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,preface4 #ag ,ed4 ,clodd1 ,my?s & ,dreams1 p4 #afh4 #ah ,besides ! g5]al works on ,egyptian religion1 ,i may note ,r4 ,piets*mann1 8,aegypt4 ,fetis*di5/ und ,gtt]glaube10 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 x41 s4 #aec1 sq4 ,he po9ts out t !re 0 no unity 9 ! anci5t cults ( ,egypt1 z ! gods 7 ^? ( ! nomes only4 ,! wor%ip ( ,osiris did n prevail g5]ally till aft] ! six? dyna/y 7p4 #afe74 #ai ,"s h expla9$ sup]/ition z 8deg5]ate religion02 o!rs z 8religi\s error02 o!rs 7,pfleid]]7 z 8a pa?ological condition ( normal belief02 b all su* def9itions dep5d on ! view-po9t4 ,z ,rosk(f rem>ks3 8,! man :o is plung$ 9 sup]/ition is sure to hold x = ! only true fai?1 & is cont5t$ ) x s long z he is n tr\bl$ ) d\bts40--,das ,religionswes5 d] ,naturvlk]1 p4 #ag4 #bj ,see ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,indian ,buddhism1 p4 #bi 7,hibb]t ,lectures71 & 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! pres5t s]ies ( lectures4 #ba ,dea? 0 to ! ,roman ! somnum et]nale4 ,pr(4 ,sayce rem>ks ( ! anci5t ,*aldeans t !y _h no def9ite belief 9 an aft] life4--,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #ceh4 #bb ,! "q has be5 c>efully exam9$ by ,g4 ,rosk(f 9 8 "w ,das ,religionswes5 d] ,rohe/5 ,naturvlk] 7,leipzig1 #ahhj74 ,he conclusively refutes ! ass]tions t tribes h be5 enc\nt]$ )\t religion4 #bc ,call[ay1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulus1 p4 #aac4 #bd ,rev4 ,w4 ,y4 ,turn] 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 vii41 p4 #dib4 #be ,m$ic9e ,m5 ( ! ,apa*e1 pp4 #dii1 #ejj4 #bf ,! "q is c>efully discuss$ by ,ho]nes1 ,urges*i*te des ,m5s*51 p4 #ic1 sq41 :o disputes ,mortillet's op9ion4 ,! latt] is giv5 9 8 ,prhi/orique ,antiquit de l',homme1 p4 #fjc1 sq4 #bg ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ie4 #bh ,quot$ 9 ,l',an?ropologie1 vol4 viii41 p4 #ccd4 #bi ,grang]1 ,religion ( ! ,romans1 p4 #ba2 ,?iele1 ,hi/4 ( ! ,egyptian ,religion1 ,introd4 #cj ,dr4 ,s*wan]1 9 ,h4 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,! ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 ii41 ,app4 p4 clxii4 #ca ,h4 ,grimme1 ,mohamm$1 p4 #ch4 #cb ,9 8 ,preface to ,! ,revolt ( ,islam4 #cc ,o4 ,pes*el1 ,vlk]kunde1 s4 #bee2 ,f4 ,ratzel1 ,e?nographie1 ,bd4 i2--,s*urtz1 ,cate*ismus d] ,vlk]kunde1 s4 #hh4 #cd ,! em95t an?ropologi/ ,broca d5i$ t religiosity is a di/9ctive trait ( humanity4 ,see fur!r 9 ,hovelacque et ,h]v1 ,prcis d',an?ropologie1 pp4 #fcd-fcf4 #ce ,my?1 ,ritual1 & ,religion1 vol4 i41 *ap4 xi4 #cf ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #cbh4 ,d>w9 has a p>allel passage1 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ie4 #cg 8,ev]y?+1 animate or inanimate1 :i* has an indep5d5t be+1 or c be individualis$1 possesses a _s1 or1 m prop]ly1 a %ade 7idahi1 a %ad[1 or reflection740 ,wa%+ton ,mat!ws1 ,e?nog4 ( ! ,hidatsa1 p4 #dh4 ,?is expresses ! g5]al ,weltans*auung ( ! savage m9d4 ,let x be rememb]$ t x is also *>act]i/ic ( ! poetic1 or p]sonify+ repres5tation ( nature1 & ?us belongs to ! highe/ arti/ic expressions ( ! human m9d z well z to its feeble/ utt]ances4 #ch ,?is 0 ! univ]sal op9ion ( classical antiquity4 ,see ,payne ,knight1 ,anci5t ,art1 p4 #de4 ,x 0 also ! or?odox !ory ( ! e>ly ,*ur* conc]n+ ! r$eem$ s\l4 ,x 8w "k all ?+s z ,god do?4 ,:atsoev] is 9 ,heav5 & :atsoev] is 9 e>?1 ev]y?+ w he see ) t v]itable k :i* no?+ escape?40--,select ,works ( ,/4 ,ephrem ! ,syrian1 translat$ by ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,morris1 p4 #cec4 #ci ,ridley1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bfi4 #dj ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,g\gh gives reasons = ! op9ion t ! yog91 :o practises ! yoga1 is a l9eal foll[] ( ! anci5t local %aman4--,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 p4 #bba4 #da ,?is curi\s rec5t developm5t ( mo/ anci5t exp]i5ce is describ$ by ,dr4 ,m4 ,bucke 9 ! "w1 ,9 ,re ,walt ,:itman4 #db ,! ph5om5a ( 8demoniac possession0 are s rem>kable1 & s frequ5t 9 l[] conditions ( culture t !y h be5 def5d$ z ! actual influ5ce ( evil spirits by intellig5t mod]n obs]v]s 7see ! "w ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,nev9s1 ,demoniac ,possession 9 ,*9a1 etc474 ,bi%op ,call[ay says mo/ ( ! negro conv]ts 9 ,natal h su* attacks aft] embrac+ ,*ri/ianity 7,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,society1 vol4 i41 p4 #aga74 ,br\gh ,smi? describes su* attacks among ! ,au/ralians4 ,/rong m5 are sudd5ly seiz$ ) viol5t convulsions4 ,!y dance wildly1 scream at ! top ( _! voices1 foam at ! m\?1 & cont9ue until utt]ly exhau/$4 ,!y are homicidal :5 9 ?is condition1 & _! companions fe> to approa* !m 7,! ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 vol4 i41 p4 #dff74 #dc ,! mo/ complete /udy ( ?is subject 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( religions is ! "w ( ,dr4 ,otto ,/oll1 ,sugge/ion und ,hypnotismus 9 d] ,vlk]psy*ologie 7,leipzig1 #ahid74 #dd ,bi%op ,call[ay1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 i41 p4 #agg2 & 9 8 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #bcb4 ,! ,bu%m5 expla9 x z 8a k9d ( beat+ ( ! fle%10 :i* tells !m ! future1 & :]e lo/ ?+s may be f\nd4 ,!y add3 8,^? :o are /upid d n und]/& ?is tea*+40--,bleek1 ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 p4 #ag4 #de ,a4 ,e4 ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 p4 #bdc4 #df ,klemm1 ,allgeme9e ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #ccg2 ,a4 ,m4 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #dh4 #dg ,curr notes ?is among ! ,au/ralians1 ubi supra1 vol4 i41 p4 #dh2 & x is g5]al among ,am]ican ,indians4 #dh ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce4 #di ,midd5dorf1 ,ke%ua ,wrt]bu*1 s4 v4 #ej ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #ahif4 ,sect4 ,h4 #ea ,on ! mean+ ( huaca see von ,ts*udi1 ,beitrge zur ,k5nt4 des alt5 ,p]u1 p4 #aef2 ,b]tonio1 ,vocab4 de la ,l5gua ,aym>a1 s4 v4 #eb ,! probable id5tity ( ,heb4 ,iah ) ,*ald4 ,iah is ackn[l$g$ by ,p9*es1 ,sayce1 & o!r em95t ,assyriologi/s 7see an article by ! =m]1 9 ! ,proc4 ( ! ,victorian ,in/itute = #ahie74 ,t ! ,greek ,ia*us is f ! ,*aldeo-,syrian 7z 8 my? claims1 ref]r+ to him z 8,! ,assyrian /rang]10 etc41 ,l4 ,dy] ,! ,gods 9 ,greece1 p4 #afe7 0 ma9ta9$ by ,h]odotus1 ,macrobius1 & ,plut>*1 among ! anci5ts1 & by v>i\s mod]n au?ors4 ,x c be %[n1 h[ev]1 t ,yah z a "n ( ,god 0 d]iv$ f a sacr$ int]jection or cry ( ! same phonetic value1 :i* recurs repeat$ly 9 ! cults ( ,am]ica1 ,polynesia1 & ,au/ralia4 ,?is is also true ( hua or wa1 ! radical ( ! ,engli% 8,god40 ,!y are bo? :at h be5 call$ 8univ]sal0 radicals4 #ec ,codr+ton 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 x41 p4 #bgi2 ,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 iii41 pp4 #bbe-g4 ,9 "s dialects mana has ! special mean+s1 om52 ! ?und]2 ! brea?2 ! belly 7i4e41 ! int]ior71 etc4 ,hale gives ! def9ition 8p[]0 z common to all dialects 7,polynesian ,lexicon1 s4 v474 ,=n&] notes ! simil>ity to ,sanscrit1 mana1 manu1 m9d1 ?\ght4 #ed ,i h dwelt on ! abs5ce ( mono!ism among ! ,am]ican tribes 9 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #ge4 ,dr4 ,wa%+ton ,mat!ws1 a mo/ compet5t1 au?ority1 expresses ! univ]sally correct view1 :51 speak+ ( ,mahopa1 ! div9e conception ( ! ,hidatsa ,indians1 he says3 8,x ref]s to an influ5ce or p[] above all ?+s1 b n atta*+ to x any ideas ( p]sonality40--,e?nography ( ! ,hidatsa ,indians1 p4 #dh4 #ee ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #cch2 ,l4 ,m4 ,turn]1 ,! ,hudson ,bay ,eskimos1 p4 #bgb2 von d5 ,/e951 ,die ,naturvlk] ,z5tral-,brasili5s1 p4 #cdj4 ,among ! ,au/ralians1 bo? m5 & wom5 become 8doctors0 or %amans by dream+4--,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol41 ii41 p4 #gd4 #ef ,^! are call$ 8hypnogogic halluc9ations40 ,!y h be5 /udi$ by ,maury1 ,annales ,m$ico-psy*ologiques1 tome xi41 p4 #beb1 sq4 #eg ,?is po9t is discuss$ by ,pr(essor ,grang]1 ,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 pp4 #bh1 sq4 #eh ,bi%op ,call[ay describes ! regim5 adopt$ to become inspir$ among ! ,zulus1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,soc41 vol4 i41 p4 #age4 ,among ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo ! c]emony is call$ nampok1 & its conditions are3 #a4 ,to be alone2 #b4 ,to pass ! night on a m\nta9 top2 #c4 ,to (f] a sacrifice & call = ! god4 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 i41 p4 #ahe4 #ei ,i h treat$ ?is "q at "s l5g? 9 my ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #cad1 & ,nagualism1 p4 #g1 sq4 #fj ,i h giv5 a translation ( x 9 ,essays ( an ,am]icani/1 p4 #bic4 #fa ,a4 ,e4 ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 p4 #bcg4 ,! ,mexican adjurations ref]r$ to are giv5 by ,sahagun1 ,hi/oria de ,nueva ,espaa1 lib4 x41 cap4 #bi4 #fb ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bh1 #cd4 ,! concrete mean+ ( bo? words is pi?1 k]nel1 core1 c5tre1 etc4 #fc ,hale1 ,e?nography ( ! ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #ee2 ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #cae2 aft] ,/oll4 ,! ,algonkian my? relates t ! h]o-god ,nanaboj\ c\ld conv]se ) ! spirits ( all ?+s1 ) trees1 fl[]s1 butt]flies1 ! ?und]1 etc4 7,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #aac74 #fd ,elyse ,reclus1 ,le ,primitif d',au/ralie1 p4 #bcb4 #fe ,! ,greeks _h b vague notions ( an aft] life1 & ,pr(essor ,s*rad] rem>ks3 8,! cult ( ! dead has no place 9 ! ,hom]ic _w40 ,prehi/4 ,antiqs4 ( ! ,aryan ,peoples1 p4 #dbd4 ,! 8indigetes dii0 ( ! ,romans 7 r h]oes ?an div9ities1 ?\gh ,arnobius1 ,adv4 ,g5tes1 lib4 i41 cap4 #fd1 ass]ts t !y 7 wor%ipp$4 #ff ,! mo/ satisfactory rec5t /udy on ! wor%ip ( ance/ors & ( ! dead1 is t by ,dr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,/e9metz 9 8 ,e?nologis*e ,/udi5 zur er/5 ,entwicklung d] ,/rafe1 ,bd4 i41 ss4 #ada-bhg 7,leid51 #ahid74 #fg ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 pp4 #aba1 #afe1 #aii1 #bjg1 etc42 ,h[itt 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #ahf4 ,if "o wakes a sleep] sudd5ly1 he may die1 z 8 vagrant s\l may n get back 9 "t4 ,von d5 ,/e951 ,naturvlk] ,z5tral-,brasili5s1 p4 #eaj4 ,9 all ^! primitive views ! real s\l is reg>d$ z m]ely a t5ant ( ! body 7n a function or ! result ( functions71 z x is to-day 9 ! popul> religions ( civilis$ l&s4 #fh ,! fe> ( gho/s 9 civilis$ c\ntries is ! survival ( a wide-spread1 anci5t belief 9 ! malevol5ce ( s\ls4 ,i h f\nd no in/ance ( ?is m /rik+ ?an among ! ,f9ns4 ,!y believ$ t ! s\ls ( ! dead lie 9 wait = ! liv+1 9 ord] to kill & eat !m1 especially _! he>ts & lungs1 s t ! sla9 c\ld n live aga94 ,! gho/s did n sp>e _! ne>e/ relatives1 & ! /ory is told ( an old man1 :o w>n$ 8 belov$ "y wife n to foll[ 8 corpse to ! grave1 or 8 gho/ w\ld eat h]4 ,%e disobey$1 & sav$ h]self only by pron\nc+ ! "n ( ,god4 ,cong4 ,int]nat4 d',ar*ologie de ,mosc\1 ,tom4 ii41 p4 #caf4 ,9 ab\t "o ?ird ( kn[n savage tribes1 ! gho/s are consid]$ k9d & fri5dly to ! survivors4 ,see ,/e9metz's analysis 9 8 ,entwicklung d] ,/rafe1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #adb1 sq4 #fi ,fri$ri* ,freihold1 ,die ,leb5sges*i*te d] ,m5s*heit1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #ce4 #gj ,baiame is f ! v]b bhai4 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 viii41 p4 #bdb4 ,! 8,nurali0 ( ! ,murray ,riv] tribes is also an embodim5t ( light4 ,b4 ,b4 ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 vol4 i41 p4 #dbc4 #ga ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs1 p4 #ac2 ,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 iii41 p4 #aec4 #gb ,gill1 ubi supra1 pp4 #c1 #ag1 #dd4 #gc ,e4 ,w4 ,man1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 xii41 p4 #aff4 #gd ,?4 ,hahn1 ,tsuni ,goam1 pp4 #abd1 #abf4 #ge ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #ahf2 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vol4 x41 p4 #bhe4 #gf ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #ig1 #afe1 etc4 #gg ,=n&]1 ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #gh2 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs1 p4 #ah4 #gh ,mu/]s1 ,among ! ,patagonians1 *4 v42 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 ii41 ,app41 p4 clxx42 ,hahn1 ,tsuni ,goam1 p4 #cg4 #gi ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #ahi4 #hj ,ca/r5 obs]ves3 8,es hat inn]halb d] weitge/reckt5 ,grnz5 ,asi5s kaum e9 e9ziges ,volk gegeb51 wel*es ni*t d5 ,himmel v]ehrt htte40--,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 p4 #ad4 ,he might z well h said1 8! habitable globe0 in/ead ( ,asia only4 #ha ,mat!w1 v41 #cd4 #hb ,hopk9s1 ,religions ( ,india1 pp4 #fb1 seq4 #hc ,gill1 ubi supra1 pp4 #aj-ad2 ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology1 *4 i4 #hd ,b4 ,br\gh ,smi?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 vol4 i41 p4 #deg4 #he ,notably by ,pr(4 ,f4 ,l4 ,w4 ,s*w>tz 9 8 num]\s works1 & 9 8 contributions to ! ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 etc4 #hf ,! ,hebrew "n ,jahve 7,jehovah7 is d]iv$ by "s f ! v]b 8to ?und]40 ,9 ! ,v$as1 ,p>janja1 ! ,?und]]1 is a conspicu\s figure4 ,mumpal1 ! ,?und]1 say ! ,au/ralians1 creat$ all ?+s4 7,reise d] ,fregatte ,nov>a1 ,an?rop4 ,!il1 s4 ix47 ,among ! ,be*uanas1 8,:5 x ?und]s1 e "o trembles1 & ea* asks ! o!r1 #8,is !re anyone among u :o has dev\r$ ! weal? ( o!rs8'0 7,call[ay1 ,relig4 ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #aag74 ,any numb] ( o!r examples c\ld be add$4 #hg ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #fd2 ,honegg]1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #ccb4 #hh ,ca/r51 ,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 p4 #ag4 #hi ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 p4 #ag4 #ij ,i ref] especially to ! results ( ! physical inve/igations ( ,helmholtz1 & to _! logical application to m5tal sci5ce1 by ,george ,j4 ,romanes1 9 8 ,m9d & ,motion2 to ! position ( ,pr(4 ,pauls5 9 8 ,introduction to ,philosophy2 & to su* l9es ( ?\ght z are pres5t$ 9 ,pr(essor ,dolbe>'s ,matt]1 ,e!r1 & ,motion4 #ia ,relat$ 9 ,gill's ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,m4 van ,ende1 9 8 ,hi/oire ,naturelle de la ,croyance1 p4 #hc1 sq41 has "s sugge/ive rem>ks on s\nd z reg>d$ by primitive nations z a m>k ( life4 ,h5ce1 _! my?s ( brooks1 trees1 etc41 z consci\s be+s4 #ib ,a ,l5ormant1 ,*aldean ,magic1 p4 #if4 #ic ,e4 ,f4 ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #fj4 8,no?+ m colors ,h9du life10 writes ,mr4 ,walh\se1 8?an ! belief 9 ! efficacy ( mantras--=ms ( pray] or p[]ful words1 by :i* all ! relations ( life may be influ5c$1 & ev5 ! gods may be b\nd40--,j\r4 ,an?rop1 ,in/41 vol4 xiv41 p4 #ahi4 #id ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #dh4 #ie ,report ( ,com4 ( ,n4 ,s\? ,wales to ! ,columbian ,exposition1 p4 #g4 #if ,sayce1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #cji4 #ig ,l5ormant1 ,*aldean ,magic1 p4 #fc4 #ih ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #cah4 #ii ,! appropriate rite ?us to de/roy an enemy is describ$ by ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 ii41 p4 #faj4 #ajj ,popol ,vuh1 le ,livre ,sacr des ,qui*es1 p4 #aj4 #aja ,polynesian ,my?ology1 p4 #bhd4 #ajb ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #dac4 #ajc ,! expression 9 ! ,algonk9 tongue = a p]son ( ! same "n is n9d owiaw9a1 8,he is ano!r myself0 7,cuoq1 ,lexique ,algonqu9e1 p4 #aac74 #ajd ,curr1 ubi supra1 p4 #bdf4 #aje ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 i41 p4 #bhh4 #ajf ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bhh4 #ajg ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 p4 #cbi4 #ajh ,?is subject has be5 discuss$ by ,&ree1 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allel51 pp4 #afe-ahd1 & o!r writ]s4 ,on ! 8"n s\l0 among ! ,am]ican ,indians ,i h collect$ mat]ial 9 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #bgg1 sq4 ,mo/ ,am]ican & ,au/ralian tribes w\ld n "n ! dead4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! robu/ religion ( ! anci5t ,g]mans1 ! names ( ! lov$ dep>t$ & ( great *iefs 7 %\t$ out at ! banquets1 & a horn dra9$ to _! m9ni1 affectionate memory4 ,j4 ,grimm1 ,teutonic ,my?ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #ei4 #aji ,*aldean ,magic1 p4 #ajd4 #aaj ,! orig9al is 9 ! ,tur9 papyrus4 #aaa ,grang]1 ,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 p4 #bgg4 #aab ,h[itt1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 xiii41 p4 #aib4 #aac ,james ,adair1 ,hi/4 ( ! ,nor? ,am4 ,indians1 p4 #ed4 #aad ,pr(4 ,sayce 9 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #cje4 #aae ,sahagun1 ,hi/oria de ,nueva ,espaa1 lib4 i41 passim2 ,popol ,vuh1 cap4 i42 ,/oll1 ,e?nographie d] ,rep4 ,guatemala1 p4 #aah4 #aaf ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #f4 #aag ,comp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #da4 #aah ,select ,works ( ,/4 ,ephrem1 p4 #abb4 7,trans4 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,morris47 ,! "n ( ,jesus 0 reg>d$ by ! e>ly *ur* z magical 9 itself4 ,arnobius says ( him1 8^: ,"n1 :5 he>d1 puts to flight evil spirits1 imposes sil5ce on soo?say]s1 prev5ts m5 f consult+ ! augurs1 & fru/rates ! ef=ts ( magicians40--,adv]sus ,g5tes1 lib4 i41 cap4 #df4 #aai ,see ,/oll1 ,sugge/ion und ,hypnotismus1 p4 #ad1 seq4 #abj ,! pt>a ( ! ,borneans is at times us$ z a p]sonal "n ( ! *ief div9e be+1 at o!rs 9 ! vague s5se ( 8duty0 or 8sup]natural40 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 i41 #agi4 ,analog\s in/ances h already be5 m5tion$4 #aba ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #cji4 #abb ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology1 p4 #afd4 #abc ,hyades et ,d5ik]1 ,mission ,sci5tifique au ,cap ,horn1 p4 #cgf4 ,e>li] voyag]s write3 8,!y c]ta9ly h ideas ( a spiritual exi/5ce40--,n>rative ( ! ,voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle1 vol4 ii41 p4 #agi4 #abd ,anci5t ,nahuatl ,poetry 7,philadelphia1 #ahij72 ,rig ,v$a ,am]icanus 7,philadelphia1 #ahij74 #abe ,dr4 ,w4 ,mat!ws1 ,! ,m\nta9 ,*ant ( ! ,navahoes1 p4 #dfe4 #abf ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #cji4 #abg ,sahagun1 ,hi/4 de ,nueva ,espaa1 lib4 vi4 ,o!r examples are giv5 by ?is writ]4 #abh ,encyclopdie des ,sci5ces ,religieuses1 s4 v4 ,prire4 #abi ,o!r =ms are tapui1 to make sacr$2 tabui1 to keep f2 tabuaki1 to bless4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 !re is a synonomy betwe5 8sacr$0 or 8holy0 & 8accurs$10 because x is accurs$ to defile t :i* is holy4 ,ano!r1 & less probable1 d]ivation is giv5 by ,fraz]1 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 s4 v4 8,taboo40 ,he is p]fectly "r1 h[ev]1 9 say+ t ! orig9al =m ( ! tabu is due1 n to its civil1 b to its religi\s elem5t4 #acj ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #cfh1 sq41 aft] ,/ell]1 :o visit$ ,kams*atka ab\t #agdj4 #aca ,man1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,society1 vol4 xii41 pp4 #aei1 #agc4 #acb ,au?orities above quot$1 & ,d>w91 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ie4 #acc ,= abundant examples ( ! tabu 9 v>i\s nations see ,fraz]'s article 9 ! ,encyc4 ,britannica above ref]r$ to4 #acd ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #ah4 #ace ,fill+ 9 manuscript1 he says1 sev5ty-sev5 qu>to volumes1 & f> f exhau/+ ! supply6 ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 p4 #f4 7,london1 #ahge47 #acf ,man1 ubi supra1 p4 #agb4 #acg ,morice1 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahib1 p4 #abe4 #ach ,?is bran* ( ! subject has be5 fully discuss$ by ,ke>y1 ,outl9es ( ,prim4 ,belief1 ,preface & *apt] i42 & ,fraz]1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 passim4 #aci ,see ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 *ap4 iii42 also1 an article on symbolism 9 anci5t ,am]ican art1 by ,pr(4 ,putnam & ,mr4 ,will\ghby 9 ,proc4 ,am4 ,ass4 ,adv4 ,sci5ce1 vol4 xliv41 p4 #cjb4 #adj ,i h pres5t$ ?is subject ) great] detail 9 an article 8,on ! ,orig9 ( ,sacr$ ,numb]s0 9 ! ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,april1 #ahid4 ,! contra/ ( symbolism ( ! ?ree & ! f\r is famili> to /ud5ts4 ,su* a popul> text-book z ,keil's ,manual ( ,biblical ,ar*ology /ates t f\r 0 ! pr$om9at+ numb] 9 ! temples1 alt>s1 & rites ( ! anci5t _w1 x be+1 8accord+ to an idea common to all antiquity1 ! symbol ( ! cosmos02 :ile ! ?ree 0 8! m>k ( ! ,div9e ,be+ 9 ,8 v>i\s manife/ations0 7pp4 #abg1 #abh74 #ada ,we/cott1 ,symbolism ( ,numb]s1 p4 #g4 ,i h giv5 sev]al examples ( triple or triune deities 9 ,am]ica 9 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #hd1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,f o!r fields ,i may note ! triad ,kane1 ,ku1 & ,lono ( ,hawaii 7,=n&]1 ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #fa72 t on ! ,m>quesas objectively repres5t$ by ?ree /icks ti$ toge!r 7,dr4 ,tauta91 9 ,l',an?ropologie1 tom4 vii41 p4 #edd72 ! triad ( ,tangaloa1 ,creator1 ,maui1 ,su/a9]1 & ,tiki1 ,reveal]1 else:]e 9 ,polynesia 7,hale1 ,e?nog4 & ,philol41 p4 #bd74 #adb ,num]\s examples are collect$ 9 ,l4 ,l4 ,conant1 ,! ,numb] ,concept1 *ap4 ii4 #adc ,9 ! ,qui*e & ,tz5tal dialects4 #add ,f ! v]b tumpa1 to =ge4 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 i41 p4 #afe4 #ade ,! ,t9n ( ,briti% ,am]ica h ! ^w ,nayw]i1 he :o creates by ?\ght 7,petitot1 ,les ,d5 ,d9djie1 p4 #fc72 ! ,algonquian ,kit* ,manito creat$ ! _w 8by an act ( 8 w0 7,s*oolcraft1 ,"ota1 p4 #cdb74 ,= ! ,zuians1 see ,cu%+1 ,zui ,creation ,my?s1 p4 #cgi2 = ! ,polynesians1 ,hale1 ,e?nography ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #cii1 & ,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #fb4 ,!re is no di/9ction betwe5 ^! op9ions & t ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 s beautifully express$ by ,/4 ,ephrem ! ,syrian3 8,at ! nod ( ,8 w1 noiseless & g5tle1 out ( no?+ ,he creat$ all40 7,select ,works1 ,translat$ by ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,morris1 p4 #ahe47 #adf ,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #fg2 ,rel4 de la ,n\v4 ,france1 #afcd1 p4 #ac4 #adg ,9 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 *4 vii4 7fir/ ed41 #ahfh74 ,num]\s writ]s1 ,klee1 ,&ree1 ,lucas1 etc41 h treat$ ! deluge my? ) fulness4 ,x is f\nd ev5 among ! ,m9copies ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s 7,man1 u4 s47 & is q common ?r\gh\t ,polynesia 7,=n&]1 u4 s41 vol4 i41 pp4 #hh1 sq474 ,v>i\s ,au/ralian tribes record x 9 detail1 ,smy?1 ,! ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 vol4 i41 p4 #dcj4 #adh ,=n&] 7u4 s41 vol4 i41 p4 #gi1 sq47 discusses x 9 ,polynesia4 ,_! 8tree ( life0 0 a sacr$ 8taboo$0 bread-fruit tree4 ,= ,am]ica1 see ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #ajc-ajf4 #adi ,= ?is reason ! works ( ,delits*1 ,haupt1 etc41 on ! "q1 ,wo lag das ,p>adies81 are mu* less to ! po9t ?an if _! writ]s _h /udi$ ! comp>ative my?ology ( ! subject4 #aej ,?is my?ical cycle1 z x arose among ! native tribes ( ,am]ica1 0 made by me ! special subject ( a volume1 ,am]ican ,h]o-,my?s 7pp4 #bea1 ,philadelphia1 #ahhb74 #aea ,see my ,essays ( an ,am]icani/1 pp4 #ace-adg2 ,j4 ,grimm1 ,teutonic ,my?ology1 vol4 ii41 p4 #hcb2 ,s*rad] & ,jevons1 ,prehi/oric ,antiquities ( ! ,aryan ,peoples1 p4 #dbd4 #aeb ,codr+ton 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,soc41 vol4 x41 p4 #bhe4 #aec ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 ,bd4 ii41 p4 #ahh4 #aed ,von ,hasselt1 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 viii41 p4 #aif4 #aee ,j4 ,g4 ,pfleid]]1 ,die ,g5esis des ,my?us d] ,indog]manis*5 ,vlk]1 p4 #dh4 #aef ,ref]5ces 9 ,piets*mann1 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 x41 p4 #aei1 :o po9ts out t feti%ism %\ld be1 z a t]m1 conf9$ to ! cult & n appli$ to ! cont5t ( a religion4 #aeg ,rialle1 ,la ,my?ologie ,comp>e1 *4 i4 #aeh ,pr(4 ,grang] rem>ks t 8! influ5ce ( ! feti% is int]pret$ z a k9d ( life ( :i* ! feti% is ! seat40--,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 p4 #bja4 ,ba/ian def9es x z 8an incorporation ( a subjective emotional /ate10 & 8 disciple ,a*elis recognises t x is n a /adium ( religi\s developm5t4 ,see 8 ,mod]ne ,vlk]kunde1 p4 #cff4 #aei ,! insuffici5cy ( animism z a !ory ( primitive religions has be5 previ\sly urg$ by ,van ,ende1 ,hi/oire ,naturelle de la ,croyance1 p4 #ba4 ,l feti%ism & %amanism1 animism %\ld be reg>d$1 n z a =m or /adium ( religion1 b1 to use ,ca/r5's excell5t expression1 8nur e9 ,mom5t 9 d] ,gtt]lehre40 ,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 ,e9leitung4 #afj ,dorsey1 ,si\an ,cults1 p4 #dcc2 ! ,popol ,vuh1 passim4 #afa ,hale1 ,e?nog4 & ,philol4 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,expd41 p4 #ee4 #afb ,e4 ,t4 ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #beh4 #afc ,see rem>ks ( ,w4 ,w4 ,newell 9 8 introduction to ,fanny ,d4 ,b]g51 ,curr5t ,sup]/itions 7,mems4 ,am]4 ,folk-lore ,society1 vol4 iv474 #afd ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #caf2 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 ii41 ,app41 p4 cxcviii42 ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #aed2 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 ii41 p4 #dh4 ,! moon 0 sacr$ to ,t9a1 ! *ief god ( ! ,etruscans4 ,mll]1 ,die ,etrusk]1 ,bd4 ii41 p4 #dc4 ,n dd1 bett] kn[n z ,dido1 has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! moon z ! lead+ deity ( ! ,c>?ag9ians & ,phnicians4 ,otto ,meltz]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,k>?ag]1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #abh4 ,danu1 ! goddess :o presid$ ov] ! ,iri% pan!on1 ! tua?a de ,danann1 0 ! moon 7f daon1 to rise74 #afe ,montes9os1 ,anci5 ,p]\1 p4 #ag2 ,v5egas1 ,hi/ ( ,cali=nia1 p4 #ajg2 ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 vol4 i41 p4 #dei4 #aff ,br9ck] 9 ,globus1 ,bd4 lxviii41 p4 #ig4 #afg ,m>t9 de ,leon1 ,cam9o del ,cielo1 fol4 #aja4 #afh ,montes9os1 ,anci5 ,p]\1 pp4 #ad-af2 ,xim5es1 ,orig5 de los ,indios de ,guatemala1 p4 #aeg4 #afi ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology1 p4 #e2 ,eg$e1 ,na*ri*t5 von ,grnl&1 s4 #acg4 #agj ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 ix4 ,! ,eskimo call$ x ,sillam ,eipane1 w9ds-h\se4 ,eg$e1 u4 s4 #aga ,! urn or vase 01 9 classical antiquity1 ! emblem ( ! fecundat+ wat]s 7,guigniaut1 ,religions de l',antiquit1 tom4 i41 p4 #eji74 ,vases full ( wat] 7 int]r$ ) ! dead 9 ,p]u to symbolise ! life beyond4 ,mey51 ,die ,ure9wohn] von ,p]u1 p4 #bi4 #agb ,kalewala1 ,runa iv4 #agc ,probably = ?is reason ! c]emonial law ( ! ,bu%m51 especially t relat+ to pub]ty & m>riage1 enjo9s 8to avoid ! wra? ( ! ,wat]40 ,bleek1 ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 p4 #ah4 #agd ,comp>e ,klemm1 ,culturges*i*te1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #cae 7aft] ,/ell]71 ) ,man1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,soc41 vol4 xii41 p4 #afc4 #age ,! specific effect ( c]ta9 col\rs on ! sub-consci\sness1 & ?us on ! religi\s emotions1 is practically recognis$ 9 sacr$ art2 b s f> z ,i "k ?is has n be5 made a subject ( /udy by ! exp]im5tal psy*ologi/4 ,all[ance mu/ always be made = association ( ideas2 z :5 ! ,mozambique negroes pa9t ! images ( _! bad spirits :ite1 on acc\nt ( _! hatr$ ( ,europeans6 #agf ,arnobius1 ,adv]sus ,g5tes1 lib4 vii41 cap4 #di4 #agg ,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 u4 s42 ,hale1 ,e?nog4 & ,philol41 p4 #be4 #agh ,call[ay1 ,relig4 ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulus1 p4 #cd2 ,hahn1 ,tsuni ,goam1 p4 #ia2 ,g>cia1 ,orig5 de los ,indios1 lib4 iv41 cap4 #bf4 #agi ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vols4 v41 p4 #dab1 x41 p4 #bhj4 #ahj ,!y 7 call$ huacanqui4 ,montes9os1 ,mems4 ,hi/4 sur l'anci5 ,p]\1 p4 #afa4 #aha ,g>cia1 ,orig5 de los ,indios1 lib4 iv41 cap4 #bf2 ,torquemada1 ,mon>quia ,indiana1 lib4 vi41 cap4 #da4 #ahb ,hale1 ,e?nog4 & ,philol4 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor4 ,exp$41 p4 #ig4 #ahc ,hopk9s1 ,religions ( ,india1 p4 #ig4 #ahd ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #bda2 ,mat!ws1 ,e?nog4 ( ! ,hidatsa1 p4 #dh1 etc4 #ahe ,see ,fraz]1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 passim4 #ahf ,see1 = illu/rative examples1 my ,prim] ( ,mayan ,hi]oglyphics1 p4 #di1 etc42 & comp4 ,ke>y1 ,outl9es ( ,primitive ,belief1 p4 #fc1 sq4 #ahg ,a4 d',orbigny1 ,l',homme ,amrica91 tome ii41 p4 #cfe4 #ahh ,dorsey1 ,si\an ,cults1 pp4 #cij1 #dee2 ,alice ,c4 ,flet*] 9 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,assoc4 ,adv4 ,sci5ce1 #ahie & #ahif2 ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ,new ,_w1 pp4 #aah1 #aai1 & ,nagualism1 pp4 #db1 #dg1 #dh4 #ahi ,z sugge/$ by ,e4 ,bonavia1 ,flora ( ! ,assyrian ,monum5ts 7#ahid74 ,?is is a m likely int]pretation ?an t ( ,dr4 ,tylor1 t ! conical object is ! infloresc5ce ( ! male date palm2 z x is 9 "s bas-reliefs %[n pres5t$ t[>d a city gate1 a p]son1 etc4 #aij ,fe*n]1 ,nana1 od] das ,seel5leb5 d] ,pflanze4 #aia ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aii2 ,palm] 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bib4 #aib ,a4 d',orbigny1 ,l',homme ,amrica91 tom4 i41 p4 #bdj4 #aic ,a c>eful discussion ( 8,hh5cultus10 by ,b>on von ,&rian1 may be f\nd 9 ! ,b]i*t d] ,deuts*5 ,an?rop4 ,gesells*aft1 ,augu/1 #ahhi4 ,he believes ! e>lie/ =m to h be5 t ( ! individualis$ height2 lat]1 t ( its cosmic relations4 #aid ,on ! ,mexican cave-god1 ,oztoteotl1 see my ,nagualism1 pp4 #ch-da4 #aie ,walcott1 ,sacr$ ,ar*ology1 pp4 #bcc1 #bcf1 etc4 #aif ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #ei2 ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 ii41 ,app41 p4 clxx4 #aig ,m4 d',e/rey1 9 ,l',an?ropologie1 tom4 iii41 pp4 #gab1 sq41 has made an int]e/+ /udy ( ! liz>d symbol 9 ,polynesia1 to :i* mu* c\ld be add$ f o!r fields ( primitive life4 #aih ,z ,ke>y well says3 8,! ess5ce ( primitive belief lies n 9 any lik5ess to humanity1 b 9 diff]5ces f x40 ,outl9es ( ,prim4 ,belief1 p4 #bf4 ,! ,neo-,platonic doctr9e ( 8emanation0 l$ to ! belief t a man might become s fill$ ) ! div9e ess5ce z to become div9e himself4 ,?is 0 ! claim ( ,simon ! ,magician1 :o 8became confess$ly a god to 8 silly foll[]s10 says ,hippolytus 9 8 ,refutation ( all ,h]esies1 bk4 vi41 cap4 #ac4 #aii ,die ,etrusk]1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #aaa4 #bjj ,speak+ ( ,jupit]1 ?is fi]y prea*] exclaims3 8,nor is !re any k9d ( bas5ess 9 :i* y d n associate 8 "n ) passionate lu/s40--,adv]sus ,g5tes1 lib4 v41 cap4 #bb4 #bja ,h[itt1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xiii41 pp4 #aib1 #aid2 vol4 xiv41 p4 #cac4 #bjb ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #da2 ,h]zog und ,plitt1 ,real-,encyclopdie fr ,prot4 ,!ologie1 s4 v4 ,gebet1 etc4 #bjc ,hopk9s1 ,religions ( ,india1 p4 #dab4 #bjd ,call[ay1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #cd4 #bje ,z examples1 ,i may "n ,unkululu1 among ! ,zulus 7,call[ay1 ,relig4 ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 pp4 #dj1 #dc72 ,s+bonga1 ( ! ,munga-,kohls 7,jell+haus1 9 ,zeit4 fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 iii41 p4 #ccj72 ! ,hunahpu ( ! ,qui*es 7,popol ,vuh1 p4 #a72 ! ,ahsonnu? ( ! ,navahoes 7#h? ,rep4 ,bur4 ,e?nol41 p4 #bge72 etc4 ,i h discuss$ ! psy*ic orig9 ( &rogyn\s deities 9 ,! ,religi\s ,s5tim5t1 pp4 #ff1 sqq4 ,x 0 also /rong 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,orig5 & o!rs ( ! fa!rs tea*+ t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! fem99e pr9ciple 9 ,god 7,c4 ,j4 ,wood1 ,survivals 9 ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #fc74 #bjf ,^! 7 frequ5t 9 q primitive fai?s4 ,"s ( ! prie/s ( anci5t ,mexico1 = example1 :olly extirpat$ ! g5italia4--,davila ,padilla1 ,hi/4 de la ,prov4 de ,mexico1 lib4 ii41 cap4 #hh4 ,comp4 ,*>levoix1 ,j\rnal ,hi/orique1 p4 #cej4 #bjg ,i h po9t$ out t 9 v>i\s ,am]ican dialects1 z ! ,*ipeway & ,cree1 ! ,maya1 ,qui*ua1 etc41 !re are words ( native orig91 :i* 7 us$ to convey ! notion ( ! love ( ! gods 9 pure & high s5ses4 ,see ! article on 8,! ,conception ( ,love 9 ,am]ican ,languages10 9 ,essays ( an ,am]icani/1 pp4 #daf1 #dba1 #dbh1 etc4 #bjh ,otto ,gruppe1 quot$ by ,s*rad]4 #bji ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #ah4 #baj ,! idea ( mimicry surviv$ long1 & inde$ /ill exi/s1 9 :at is call$ 8sympa!tic magic02 :51 = in/ance1 to produce bl9dness 9 an enemy1 an image is made ( him & its eyes transfix$ ) ?orns4 ,comp>e ,l5ormant1 ,*aldean ,magic1 p4 #ab4 #baa ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #ag4 #bab ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #ff1 #fg4 #bac ,cogolludo1 ,hi/oria de ,yucatan1 lib4 iv41 cap4 viii4 #bad ,br9ton1 ,nagualism1 p4 #ec4 #bae ,freihold1 ,die ,leb5sges*i*te d] ,m5s*heit1 p4 #acd4 ,8 expressions are3 #a4 ,das ,m5s*5w]d5 des ,gttli*52 &1 #b4 ,die ,v]gtt]ung des ,m5s*54 #baf ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #bfc4 ,?is /atem5t w also be consid]$ 9 ! six? lecture ( ?is s]ies4 #bag ,inde$1 among ! ,patagonian ,indians1 accord+ to a compet5t obs]v]1 !re are no fix$ religi\s c]emonies :atev]1 except ^? ( a p]sonal "*1 ref]r+ to bir?s1 m>riages1 dea?s etc4--,george ,c4 ,mu/]s1 ,among ! ,patagonians1 *ap4 v4 #bah ,! anaphora1 rem>ks ! ,rev4 ,john ,m4 ,neale1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,holy ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 vol4 ii41 *ap1 i41 has always be5 8by f> ! mo/ important "p0 ( ! ,*ri/ian liturgies4 ,x recurs 9 ne>ly all primitive wor%ip4 #bai ,grang]1 ,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 pp4 #bgb1 #cjc1 etc4 #bbj ,grimm1 ,teutonic ,my?ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #db2 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #bfj2 ,payne ,knight1 ,anci5t ,art1 p4 #ej4 #bba ,indian ,sign ,language1 pp4 #afg-gj4 #bbb ,teutonic ,my?ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #db4 #bbc ,von ,ts*udi1 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss des ,alt5 ,p]u1 p4 #aef4 #bbd ,see ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 pp4 #aab1 sq4 #bbe ,see ,ri*>d ,&ree's rem>ks on 8die ,mask5 im ,kultus10 9 8 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allel51 ,neue ,folge1 p4 #aji1 sq4 #bbf ,jacob ,grimm1 ,teutonic ,my?ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #dh1 sq4 #bbg ,a4 ,b4 ,mey]1 9 ,globus1 ,bd4 lxvii41 p4 #ccd4 #bbh ,! t]ms 8honorific0 & 8piacul>0 71 ,i believe1 fir/ sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,!y are v appropriate4 #bbi ,holtzmann1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1 p4 #bcb4 #bcj ,ovi$o1 ,hi/oria de las ,indias1 lib4 x41 cap4 xi4 #bca ,balboa1 ,hi/oire du ,p]\1 pp4 #abe-g4 #bcb ,fraz]1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ca4 #bcc ,sahagun1 ,hi/oria de la ,nueva ,espaa1 lib4 i4 #bcd ,mrs4 ,m4 ,c4 ,/ev5son1 9 ,an4 ,rep4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 vol4 xi41 p4 #acb4 #bce ,dorsey1 ,si\an ,cults1 p4 #eaa4 #bcf ,a4 d',orbigny1 ,l',homme ,amrica91 tom4 i41 p4 #bcg4 #bcg ,examples 9 my ,native ,cal5d> ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 p4 #ah4 ,x 0 a fav\rite amulet among ! ,crees 7,mack5zie1 ,hi/4 ( ! ,fur ,trade1 p4 #hf74 #bch ,a*elis1 ,mod]ne ,vlk]kunde1 p4 #cgj2 ,man1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xii41 p4 #agb4 #bci ,*>levoix1 ,hi/4 de la ,n\velle ,france1 *4 vi4 ,spr9kl+ ! new-born *ild z a religi\s c]emony prevail$ 9 ,new ,zeal& & ?r\gh\t ,polynesia4 7,=n&]1 ,! ,polynesian ,race1 vol4 i41 p4 #bcf47 #bdj ,cogolludo1 ,hi/oria de ,yucatan1 lib4 iv41 cap4 vi4 ,! same belief prevail$ 9 "s ,african tribes2 see ,a*elis1 ,mod]ne ,vlk]kunde1 p4 #cic4 #bda ,h4 ,r4 ,s*oolcraft1 ,"ota1 pp4 #cca1 #def4 #bdb ,notices ( ,ea/ ,florida by a ,rec5t ,travell]1 p4 #gi4 #bdc ,gregg1 ,comm]ce ( ! ,prairies1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bga4 #bdd ,examples 9 ,e4 ,s4 ,h>tl&'s ,sci5ce ( ,fairy ,tales1 p4 #cji4 #bde ,r4 ,&ree1 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allel51 p4 #agg4 #bdf ,! ,bora has be5 (t5 describ$1 by no "o bett] ?an ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 vii41 p4 #bdb1 sq41 & vol4 xiv41 p4 #cjf1 sq4 #bdg ,j4 ,g4 ,kohl1 ,kit*i ,gami1 p4 #bbh4 #bdh ,capta9 ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #bed4 ,d',orbigny describes ! bloody ordeals ?r\gh :i* girls 9 ,s\? ,am]ican tribes 7 oblig$ to pass4 ,l',homme ,amrica91 tom4 i41 pp4 #aic1 #bcg4 #bdi ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race vol4 i41 pp4 #de-ej2 ,palm]1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xiii41 p4 #cja4 #bej ,see ,po/1 9 ,globus1 ,b4 lxvii41 s4 #bgd4 #bea ,palm]1 ubi supra1 p4 #cja4 #beb ,lafitau1 ,murs des ,sauvages ,amrica9s1 lib4 ii41 *4 vi4 #bec ,mu/]s ass]ts ?is positively ( ! ,tehuel*e & o!r tribes 7,among ! ,patagonians1 *ap4 v472 ,capta9 ,cl>k1 ^: long exp]i5ce among our ,we/]n tribes con/itut$ him an au?ority ( ! fir/ rank1 takes pa9s to correct ! notion t among ! natives wives are b\ght1 al?\gh !y are by :ite m5 7,indian ,sign ,language1 pp4 #bde-f74 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply ref]5ces to ! same effect4 #bed ,bleek1 ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 p4 #ac4 #bee ,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 p4 #fg4 #bef ,?is has be5 demon/rat$ beyond reasonable d\bt by ,dr4 ,s4 ,k4 ,/e9metz 9 a rem>kable /udy ( 8,endo-cannibalismus10 9 ! ,ar*iv fr ,an?ropologie1 #ahif4 #beg ,grang]1 ubi supra1 p4 #cg4 ,! ^w 8burial0 9 e?nology is us$ to d5ote all modes ( disposal ( ! corpse4 ,?is is etymologically correct4 ,see ,y>r[1 ,mortu>y ,cu/oms ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #e4 #beh ,nav>rete1 ,viages1 tom4 iii41 p4 #dja2 ,dumont1 ,mems4 ,hi/4 sur la ,l\isiane1 tom4 i41 p4 #agh2 ,gumilla1 ,hi/4 del ,or9oco1 p4 #bja4 ,coral says1 ! wid[s e/eem$ x a privilege to be buri$ ) ! corpse & disput$ among !mselves = ! hon\r1 ,voiages1 tom4 ii41 pp4 #ic1 #id4 ,! ,ta5zas _h ! same cu/oms z ! ,nat*ez1 ,tonty1 ,mmoire1 9 ,fr5*1 ,hi/4 ,colls4 ( ,l\isiana1 p4 #fa4 #bei ,ar?ur ,j4 ,evans1 9 ,proc4 ,brit4 ,assoc4 ,adv4 ,sci5ce1 #ahif1 ,sect4 ,h4 #bfj ,/eph5 ,p[]s1 ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 pp4 #aha1 #bjg4 ,! ,tasmanians & ,fuegians1 probably ! l[e/ ( kn[n tribes1 burn$ _! dead4 ,hyades et ,d5ik]1 ,mission ,sci5tifique1 p4 #cgi2 ,f5ton1 ,hi/ory ( ,tasmania1 p4 #ie4 ,"s tribes gave z a reason = burn+ _! dead t o!rwise be>s & wolves w\ld eat ! corpse1 & ! s\l w\ld be oblig$ to take on _! =ms4--,pres4 ,message & ,ac4 ,docs41 #ahea1 pt4 iii41 p4 #ejf4 #bfa ,alonso de la ,pea ,mont5egro1 ,it9]>io p>a ,p>rocos de ,indios1 p4 #ahe 7,madrid1 #agga74 #bfb ,cl>k1 ,indian ,sign ,language1 p4 #bfc4 #bfc ,k4 ,t4 ,preuss1 9 ! ,ba/ian ,fe/s*rift4 #bfd ,an?ropologie des ,naturvlk]1 ,bd4 i41 p4 #dei4 #bfe ,! application ( ! blood1 obs]ves ,pr(essor ,grang]1 8b\nd toge!r 9 "s way ^? :o 7 pres5t at ! rite0 7,wor%ip ( ! ,romans1 p4 #baj74 ,?is subject is fully discuss$ by ,dr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,trumbull 9 8 works1 ,! ,blood ,cov5ant1 & ,! ,?re%old ,cov5ant4 #bff ,ca/r51 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 has "s excell5t rem>ks on ! b5eficial effects ( %amanism4 ,x is an ef=t to free ! human m9d f ! %ackles ( bl9d natural =ces2 x recognises ! dep5d5ce ( ! subjective on an objective w1 etc4 #bfg ,my? & ,sci5ce1 p4 #da4 #bfh ,hahn1 ,tsuni ,goam1 p4 #ba4 #bfi ,l+ ,ro?1 ,natives ( ,s>awak1 vol4 i41 pp4 #bei1 #bga1 #bhb2 vol4 ii41 ,app41 p4 clxxv4 #bgj ,wal?\se1 9 ,j\r4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 v41 p4 #dae4 #bga ,nuez de la ,vega1 ,con/ituciones ,diocesanas de ,*iapas1 fol4 #i4 #bgb ,! locally fam\s ,m>ia ,c&el>ia4 ,at ! head ( fifte5 ?\s& w>riors1 %e defi$ ! ,spani% army = ne>ly a ye>1 &1 ?\gh defeat$1 0 nev] captur$4 ,h] /ory is scantily record$ by ,vic5te ,p9$a1 9 8 ,hi/oria de las ,sublevaciones ,indig5as en el ,e/ado de ,*iapas1 pp4 #ch-gj4 #bgc ,otfri$ ,mll]1 ,die ,etrusk]1 ,bd4 ii41 ss4 #gg1 #gh4 #bgd ,comp>e ,ke>y1 ,outl9es ( ,primitive ,belief1 p4 #fj2 & ,maury1 ,la ,magie et ,a/rologie1 p4 #chf1 sq4 #bge ,geo4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #i2 ,dr4 ,tauta91 9 ,l',an?ropologie1 tome vii41 p4 #edh4 #bgf ,on ! ordeal1 see ,po/1 ,e?nologis*es ,jurisprud5z1 ,bd4 ii41 ss4 #dei1 sq41 #dgi2 ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 ,bd4 i41 s4 #dfa4 ,! ass]tion by "s writ]s t ! ordeal 0 n kn[n to ! ,am]ican ,indians is incorrect4 ,= example1 ,capta9 ,cl>k rec\nts ^? to te/ ! virtue ( wom5 :o h be5 accus$4 ,indian ,sign ,language1 pp4 #de1 #bjh4 #bgg ,see ,s4 ,k4 ,/e9metz on 8,d] ,zweikampf als ,ordal0 9 8 ,e?nologis*e ,/udi5 zur er/5 ,entwicklung d] ,/rafe1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #gf1 sq4 #bgh ,po/1 ubi supra1 ,bd4 ii41 s4 #dgh4 #bgi ,adair1 ,hi/4 ( ! ,n4 ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #aeh2 ,boscana1 ,acc4 ( ! ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 p4 #bfb4 #bhj ,?is is pres5t$ admirably & at l5g? by ,m4 ,kulis*] 9 an article 8,d] ,dualismus d] ,e?ik bei d5 primitiv5 ,vlk]n10 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 ,bd4 xvii41 pp4 #bje1 sqq4 ,he also sees cle>ly en\gh t ! same pr9ciple1 mask$ & d5i$ ?\gh x be1 reigns to-day4 ,! 8categorical imp]ative0 ( ,kant1 is z f> f realisation z is 8! gold5 rule40 #bha ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 "s hobgobl9s always ready to eat up or injure man2 b n = any moral or e?ical reason4 8,!y afflict m51 n out ( ang] or to puni% s91 b because x is _! nature to d s10 z ,dalton says ( ! devils ( ! ,oraons4 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bef4 #bhb ,?is expla9s :at ,dr4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 9 8 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #adj1 says is s difficult to grasp1--t ! primitive idea ( hol9ess is ap>t f p]sonal "*1 & ev5 %ameful wret*es c\ld lay claim to x4 ,entirely p>allel in/ances are f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian h]esies1 z ! ,anomians & ,anabapti/s1 :o 7 s holy t !y c\ld commit no s91 & h5ce all[$ !mselves ! wilde/ lic5ce4 #bhc ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,wilhelm von ,humboldt wrote3 8,wahre ,tug5d i/ unv]trgli* mit auf ,autoritt geglaubt] ,religion40 7,gesammelte ,w]ke1 ,bd4 vii41 p4 #gb47 ,?is is a c>d9al 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,univ]sal1 #aah ,my?s1 mean+ (1 #aab sq4 ,nagualism1 ref]5ces to1 #fg1 #aef1 #age ,nahuas1 my?s ( !1 #adh1 #aea1 #aie1 #aif ,"n1 ! sacr$1 #ic sq4 ,"n-s\l1 !1 #if ,names1 rites relat+ to1 #aie ,names ( ! dead avoid$1 #ie ,nanaboj\1 a h]o-god1 #gj ,natal1 natives (1 #eb ,nature1 conflict (1 #abg ,navahoes1 a pray] ( !1 #aje2 deity ( !1 #afi ,navel ( ! ,sky1 !1 #gh ,neoli?ic p]iod1 !1 #cc ,n]v\s susceptibility ( savages1 #ad ,nic>aguans1 cu/oms (1 #aij ,njambe1 god ( ! ,m>utse1 #ig ,norns ( ,teutonic my?ology1 #aba ,num1 god ( ! ,samoy$s1 #hc ,numb]s1 ! sacr$1 #aai ,nurali1 an ,au/ralian deity1 #gd1 #aei ,oannes1 a ,*aldean god1 #afa ,oa?s are ordeals1 #bbf ,"o-legg$ god1 !1 #ih ,oraons1 cult ( !1 #acg1 #bcj ,ordeals 9 religions1 #bbe ,orig9 ( religion1 !ories ab\t1 #da sq4 ,osiris1 wor%ip (1 #bd ,oztoteotl1 a ,mexican god1 #aef ,paloli?ic man1 #cd ,papa1 ,rock1 a god ( ! ,tahitians1 #adg ,papuans1 cu/oms (1 #ahf ,p>adise1 ! e>?ly1 #abf ,p>janja1 deity 9 ! ,v$as1 #ha ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 !1 #bh ,patagonians1 #agg ,patol1 a deity ( ! 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(1 #gg ,tepi1 ! cu/om (1 #id ,teutonic rites1 #ahb1 #ahh1 #aij1 #bbc ,!oleptic wor%ipp]s1 #ahe ,!ology1 its aim1 #d 8,!opa?y0 expla9$1 #ef ,!ophor\s names1 #ajj ,?\ght1 creation by1 #abd ,?ree z sacr$ numb]1 #abj ,?und] 9 my?ology1 #hj1 #ha ,t9a1 an ,etruscan god1 #adj ,t9n1 an ,am]ican tribe1 #abe ,tonantz91 an ,aztec deity1 #ade ,tongues1 ! gift (1 #ic ,tota1 a ,mexican deity1 #aea1 #afg ,totemic animals1 !1 #afa2 bond1 !1 #baf ,tree ( k1 !1 #aec ,trees1 wor%ip (1 #aej sq4 ,tr9ities ( hea!n religions1 #aba ,tsuni ,goab1 a deity ( ! ,hott5tots1 #ge ,tupa1 a deity ( ! ,dyaks1 #abc ,turramulun1 an ,au/ralian god1 #ih ,tutel>y p]sonal deities1 #aib ,tz5tals1 cu/oms (1 #bba1 #bbb ,ukko1 deity ( ,f9ns1 #gh ,umbilical cord1 rites respect+1 #aid ,unconsci\s c]ebration1 #ed ,unity ( human intellig5ce1 #i ,unkululu1 deity ( ! ,zulus1 #afh ,upani%ads1 tea*+s ( !1 #eg1 #hc ,v>una1 ,sanscrit deity1 #gi ,vase1 symbolism ( !1 #add ,vatea1 a ,polynesian deity1 #ge ,v$dahs1 !1 #bf 8,veil$ gods0 ( ,etruscans1 #afe ,ve/a1 ! goddess1 #bbc ,virg9s ( ! ,sun1 #aij ,visual ideas1 #acj ,votan1 h]o-god ( ! ,tz5tals1 #bba ,v[s tak5 at bir?1 #aic ,wakan1 9 ,dakota1 #fj1 #fa2 9 ,qui*ua1 #fa ,wak+ visions1 #ff ,wat]1 wor%ip (1 #add ,w z ! s\rce ( ,=ce1 #dg sq4 ,w9ds1 wor%ip ( !1 #adc ,wit*es' ,sabba?1 !1 #ahe ,woman1 h] position 9 ,religion1 #bai ,^w1 !1 9 religion1 #hh sq4 ,_w-s\l1 belief 9 a1 #acf ,writ+1 religi\s orig9 (1 #bda ,yah1 a sacr$ int]jection1 #fb ,yahgans1 !1 #eg1 #hj1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #aie ,yahve1 d]ivations (1 #fb1 #ha ,yetl1 a sacr$ bird1 #aei ,yoga philosophy1 !1 #ea ,yucatan1 culture (1 #bd1 #aej ,yuruc>es1 tribe (1 #aea ,zi1 ,*aldean t]m = spirits1 #di ,zulus1 !1 _! beliefs1 #bf1 #ef1 #fg1 #adg1 #afh ,zui ,indians1 !1 #gb1 #abd1 #abe1 #bba ,a ,selection f ! ,catalogue ( ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,illu/ration ,complete ,catalogue s5t on application ,,am]ican ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,religions ,i4 ,rhys-,davids--,buddhism3 ,its ,hi/ory & ,lit]ature4 ,by ,t4 ,w4 ,,rhys-,,davids1 ,,ll4,d41 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,pali & ,buddhi/ ,lit]ature at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london4 ,cr[n octavo4 ,net1 #a4ej4 8444,an admirable h&book ( ,buddhism1 writt5 f a po9t ( view at once s*ol>ly & unprejudic$40--,/4 ,paul ,pione] ,press4 ,,ii4 ,br9ton--,religions ( ,primitive ,peoples4 ,by ,,daniel ,g4 ,,br9ton1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,ar*ology & ,l+ui/ics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,cr[n octavo4 ,net1 #a4ej4 8444,no book has yet appe>$ :i* br+s ! religi\s ?\ght ( all races & times )9 clos] range ( ! mod]n read]2 & to ! read] :o revels 9 trac+ ! psy*ic hi/ory ( man1 no book c be m welcome40--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,,iii4 ,*eyne--,jewi% ,religi\s ,life aft] ! ,exile4 ,by ,rev4 ,t4 ,k4 ,,*eyne1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,oriel ,pr(essor ( ,int]pretation ( ,holy ,scripture 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 & =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,balliol ,college2 ,canon ( ,ro*e/]4 ,cr[n octavo4 ,net1 #a4ej4 8,few m5 are z well qualifi$ z ,canon ,*eyne to discuss ! ,jewi% lit]ature & life ( ! p]iod cov]$ by ?is c\rse1 & ! treatm5t ( ! subject be=e u 9 ?is h&some volume is all t c\ld be desir$4444 ,! :ole book is exce$+ly int]e/+ & in/ructive40--,univ]sali/ ,lead]4 ,,iv4 ,budde--,religion ( ,israel to ! ,exile4 ,by ,,k>l ,,budde1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,!ology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/rassburg4 ,cr[n octavo4 ,net1 #a4ej4 8,! *ief m]it ( ,pr(essor ,budde's book is its cond5sation4 ,he gives a di/9ct view ( ! subject1 undi/ract$ by details4 ,:ile ! book w take its des]v$ place 9 ! e/imation ( s*ol>s x is also a book = ! g5]al read]40--,! ,outlook4 ,v4 ,/e9dorff--,! ,religion ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians4 ,by ,g4 ,,/e9dorff1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,egyptology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig4 ,cr[n octavo4 ,net1 #a4ej4 8,pres5ts 9 compact =m & int]e/+ /yle ! late/ in=mation1 & %\ld f9d a place 9 e libr>y ( comp>ative religions40--,! ,congregationali/4 ,,vi4 ,knox--,! ,developm5t ( ,religion 9 ,japan4 ,by ,,george ,,william ,,knox1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory & ,philosophy ( ,religion 9 ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y1 & ,sometime ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy & ,e?ics at ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 ,tokyo4 ,cr[n octavo1 net1 #a4ej 8,a notable addition to ?is excell5t s]ies40--,! ,*ur*man4 8,! au?or is peculi>ly qualifi$ = appreciative treatm5t ( 8 subject40--,! ,outlook4 ,,vii4 ,bloomfield--,! ,religion ( ! ,v$a4 ,! ,anci5t ,religion ( ,v$a 7f ,rig-,v$a to ,upani%ads74 ,by ,,maurice ,,bloomfield1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,sanscrit & ,comp>ative ,philology 9 ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,cr[n octavo4 #a4ej net4 ,by mail1 #a4fe 8,x pres5ts int]e/+ly1 & br+s out z m>k$ly z possible ! developm5t ( ! religi\s ?\ght ( ! ,v$a 9 di/9ction f my? & c]emony40--,n4 ,y4 ,times4 ,,viii4 ,cumont--,a/rology & ,religion among ,! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,by ,,franz ,,cumont1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,cons]vator ( ! 8,muse du ,c9quant5aire10 ,brussels4 ,m4 ,cumont %[s ! influ5ce :i* ,ori5tal />-wor%ip ex]cis$ on ! beliefs ( ! ,greco-,roman _w & h[ x l$ to a trans=mation ( ! old paganism & prep>$ ! com+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,ix4 ,ja/r[--,aspects ( ,religi\s ,belief & ,practice 9 ,babylonia & ,assyria4 ,by ,,morris ,,ja/r[1 ,,jr41 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,semitic ,languages 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,) #ed ,illu/rations & a ,map & ,*ronological ,li/s ( ! ,rul]s ( ,babylonia & ,assyria4 ,cr[n octavo4 #b4be net4 ,by mail1 #b4de ,pr(essor ,ja/r[ has dur+ _m ye>s made a special /udy ( ! religion ( ! ,babylonians & ,assyrians1 & has contribut$ _m au?oritative volumes & pap]s embody+ ! results ( 8 rese>*es4 ,int]national ,h&books to ! ,new ,te/am5t ,edit$ by ,orello ,cone1 ,d4,d4 ,f\r volumes4 ,octavo4 ,ea*1 net1 #b4jj ,by mail1 #b4ae ,i4--,! ,synoptic ,gospels1 toge!r ) a ,*apt] on ! ,text-,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,by ,george ,lovell ,g>y1 ,a4,m41 ,l4,h4,d41 ,presid5t ( ! ,meadville ,!ological ,s*ool4 8,we ne$ h>dly say t we f9d ourselves diff]+ v s]i\sly & v (t5 f ! editor ( ?is volume1 b we gladly recognize ! ?\ghtfulness & intellig5ce ) :i* he has work$4 ,! /ud5t may le>n mu* f ?is volume40--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,,ii4--,! ,epi/les ( ,paul ! ,apo/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,!ssalonians1 ,galatians1 ,romans1 & ,philippians4 ,by ,james ,drummond1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,litt4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ,man*e/] ,college1 ,ox=d4 8,if ! promise giv5 by ?is volume is fulfill$1 ! s]ies w prove ( ! highe/ value4 ,x is attractive = ! g5]al read]1 :ile x is ( special value to advanc$ /ud5ts40--,! ,outlook4 ,,iii4--,! ,epi/les to ! ,hebrews1 ,colossians1 ,ephesians1 & ,philemon1 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 ,! ,epi/les ( ,james1 ,pet]1 & ,jude1 toge!r ) a ,sket* ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,by ,orello ,cone1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,!ology 9 ! ,canton ,!ological ,s*ool4 8,x is int]e/+ to note ! mean+ (t5 hi!rto unexpla9$4 ,! au?or succe$s because 8 explanations are reasonable & plausible4 ,he is n b\nd to any rule ( dogma or sect1 b takes a broad & und]/&+ view ( 8 subject40--,*ur* ,review4 ,,iv4--,! ,johann9e ,lit]ature & ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,=bes1 ,a4,m41 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,biblical ,lit]ature 9 ! ,canton ,!ological ,s*ool4 8,dr4 ,=bes has laid ! m9i/ry "u p]petual obligation to him4 ,n only does he keep up to ! high /&>d ( ! ?ree prec$+ volumes ( ! set1 b he fully su/a9s ! purpose indicat$ by ! editor-9-*ief4 ,! full set is "o t e /ud5t ( ! ,bible w make l>ge use (40--,! ,univ]sali/ ,lead]4 ,s5d = complete descriptive circul> ,new ,york--,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons--,london