,! ,works ( ,e4,p4 ,roe ,,volume ,,sev5te5 ,,success ,,) ,,small ,,fruits ,,illu/rat$ #ahha ,i ,d$icate ?is ,book ,,to ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,d[n+ ,a ,neighbor1 ,fri5d1 & ,horticulturi/ ,,f ,,:om ,i ,,%all ,,e/eem ,,x ,a ,,privilege ,,to ,,le>n ,,9 ,,com+ ,,ye>s ,,z ,i ,,h ,,9 ,,! ,,pa/ ,,preface ,a book %\ld be judg$ some:at 9 view ( :at x attempts4 ,"o ( ! *ief objects ( ?is little volume is to lure m5 & wom5 back to _! orig9al call+1 t ( g>d5+4 ,i am decid$ly "u ! impression t ,eve help$ ,adam1 especially z ! sun decl9$4 ,i am sure t !y _h small fruits = breakfa/1 d9n] & supp]1 & w\ld n be at all surpris$ if !y ate "s betwe5 meals4 ,ev5 we poor mortals :o h s9n$ m ?an once1 & mu/ give our m9ds to ! ef=t n to appe> unnatural 9 _m hide\s /yles ( dress1 c f>e z well4 ,! ,adams & ,eves ( e g5]ation c h an ,ed5 if !y wi%4 ,inde$1 ,i "k ( _m in/ances 9 :i* ,eve creates a beautiful & fruitful g>d5 )\t any help f ,adam4 ,! !ologians %[ t we h inh]it$ mu* evil f our fir/ p>5ts1 b1 9 ! g5]al disposition to h a g>d51 c we n recognize a r$eem+ ance/ral trait8 ,i w\ld l to contribute my little %>e t[>d increas+ ?is t5d5cy1 believ+ t z humanity goes back to its fir/ occupation x may also acquire "s ( ! primal g>d5]'s *>act]i/ics be=e he li/5$ to temptation & ceas$ to be ev5 a g5tleman4 ,:5 he brutally blam$ ! woman1 x 0 "t he 0 turn$ out ( ,ed54 ,all ! be/ ?+s ( ! g>d5 sugge/ ref9em5t & c\rtesy4 ,nature might h cont5t$ h]self ) produc+ se$s only1 b %e accompanies ! prosaic action ) fragrant fl[]s & delici\s fruit4 ,x w\ld be well to rememb] ?is 9 ! ord9>y c\rtesies ( life4 ,moreov]1 s9ce ! fruit-g>d5 & f>m d n develop 9 a /raight=w>d1 matt]-(-fact way1 :y %\ld ,i write ab\t !m aft] ! =mal & t]se fa%ion ( a manual or sci5tific treatise8 ,! mo/ productive v>ieties ( fruit blossom & h "s foliage :i* may n be v beautiful1 any m ?an ! dep>tures f practical prose 9 ?is book are int]e/+2 b1 z a leafless plant or bu%1 lad5 ) fruit1 w\ld appe> gaunt & nak$1 s1 to ! writ]1 a book ab\t !m )\t any attempt at foliage & fl[]s w\ld seem unnatural4 ,! mod]n *ronicl] has trans=m$ hi/ory into a fasc9at+ /ory4 ,ev5 sci5ce is n[ taught ?r\gh ! *>ms ( fiction4 ,%all ?is dep>tm5t ( k1 s g5]ally useful1 be left only to te*nical prose8 ,:y %\ld we n h a class ( books z practical z ! g>d5s1 fields1 & crops1 conc]n+ :i* !y are writt51 & at ! same "t hav+ mu* ( ! light1 %ade1 color1 & life ( ! out-(-door _w8 ,i m]ely claim t ,i h made an attempt 9 ! "r direction1 b1 l an unskillful arti/1 may h s confus$ my lights1 %ades1 & mix$ my colors s badly1 t my pictures resemble a /rawb]ry-b$ 9 :i* ! we$s h ! bett] ( ! fruit4 ,lib]al outl9es ( ?is "w appe>$ 9 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 b ! l>g] scope af=d$ by ! book has enabl$ me to treat _m subjects = :i* !re 0 no space 9 ! magaz9e1 & also to give my views m fully conc]n+ topics only t\*$ ^u 9 ! s]ial4 ,z ! fruits describ$ are be+ improv$1 s 9 ! future o!r & m skillful horticulturi/s w develop ! lit]ature relat+ to !m into its true proportions4 ,i am greatly indebt$ to ! in/ruction receiv$ at v>i\s times f ^? v5]able fa!rs & au?orities on all que/ions relat+ to ,ed5-l pursuits--,mr4 ,*as4 ,d[n+ ( ,newburg1 & ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild] ( ,bo/on1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,?omas1 ,dr4 ,geo4 ,?urb]2 to su* valuable works z ^? ( ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+1 ,p4 ,b>ry1 ,j4 ,m4 ,m]rick1 ,jr42 & "s ,engli% au?ors2 to ! live horticultural j\rnals 9 ! ,ea/1 ,we/1 & ,s\?2 &1 la/ b n lea/1 to _m pla91 practical fruit-gr[]s :o are z well in=m$ & s5sible z !y are mode/ 9 express+ _! op9ions4 ,,cornwall-,,on-,,!-,,hudson1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,edition ,on page #cae ( ?is volume w be f\nd ! foll[+ words3 ,to attempt to describe all ! /rawb]ries t h be5 nam$ w\ld be a task almo/ z int]m9able z useless4 ,?is :ole "q ( v>ieties pres5ts a diff]5t phase e f\r or five ye>s4 ,!re=e ,i treat ! subject 9 my f9al *apt] 9 ord] t ,i may give revision1 z (t5 z !re %all be occasion = x1 )\t di/urb+ ! body ( ! book4 ,a few ye>s s9ce c]ta9 v>ieties 7 mak+ almo/ z great a s5sation z ! ,%>pless4 ,!y are n[ reg>d$ z little bett] ?an we$s 9 mo/ localities4 ,n[ t my publi%]s ask me to attempt ?is "w ( revision1 ,i f9d t ,i %r9k f x1 = reasons natural & cog5t to my m9d4 ,possibly ! read] may see !m 9 ! same light4 ,! pr9ciples ( cultivation1 treatm5t ( soils1 f]tiliz+1 etc41 rema9 mu* ! same2 ,my words relat+ to ^! topics 7 p5n$ :5 k--! result ( _m ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce--0 fre% 9 memory4 ,subsequ5t obs]vation has confirm$ ! views ,i !n held1 &1 :at is ( f> m weight 9 my e/imation1 !y h be5 endors$ by ! be/ & mo/ ?or\ghly in=m$ horticulturi/s 9 ! l&4 ,i wrote :at ,i !n ?\ght 0 true2 ,i n[ read :at has be5 decl>$ true by highe/ au?orities4 ,i h m confid5ce 9 _! judgm5t ?an 9 my own1 &1 hav+ be5 s =tunate z to ga9 _! approval1 ,i fe> to m$dle ) a record :i*1 9 a s5se1 has become !irs z well z m9e4 ,!re=e ,i h decid$ to leave ! body ( ! book unt\*$4 ,:5 ,i read ! li/s ( v>ieties ,i f\nd _m t h become obsolete1 _m t 7 nev] wor?y ( a "n4 ,%\ld ,i revise ^! li/s1 z ,i fully expect$ to d1 f "t to "t8 ,at pres5t ,i h conclud$ t ,i w n1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,:51 betwe5 six & sev5 ye>s ago1 ,i wrote ! descriptions ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( fruit !n 9 vogue1 ,i naturally & inevitably reflect$ ! small-fruit _w z x !n exi/$4 ,! picture may h be5 imp]fect & di/ort$1 b ,i gave x z ,i saw x4 ,) all its faults ,i w\ld l to keep t picture = future ref]5ce4 ,! "t may come :5 none ( ! v>ieties !n s highly prais$ & valu$ w be f\nd 9 our fields or g>d5s4 ,= t v reason ,i %\ld l to look back to "s fix$ & objective po9t :i* w\ld enable me to e/imate ! mutations :i* _h occurr$4 ,orig9ators ( new v>ieties are apt to speak too confid5tly & exultantly ( _! novelties2 pur*as]s are prone to expect too mu* ( !m4 ,bo? might obta9 useful lessons by turn+ to a record ( equally laud$ novelties ( o!r days4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld l to leave t sket* ( v>ieties z se5 9 #ahhj unalt]$4 ,to *ange ! figure1 ! record may become a l&m>k1 enabl+ u to e/imate future progress m accurately4 ,%\ld ! book /ill meet ) ! favor :i* has be5 accord$ to x 9 ! pa/1 !re c be frequ5t revisions ( ! supplem5tal li/s :i* are n[ giv54 ,al?\gh no long] engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( rais+ & sell+ plants1 ,i h n lo/ my int]e/ 9 ! plants !mselves4 ,i hope to obta9 mu* ( my recreation 9 te/+ ! new v>ieties (f]$ f ye> to ye>4 ,9 engag+ 9 su* pursuits ev5 ! mo/ cynical _c suspect any o!r purpose ?an t ( obs]v+ imp>tially ! behavior ( ! v>ieties on trial4 ,i w ma9ta9 my grasp on ! button-hole ( ! read] only long en\gh to /ate once m a pet !ory--"o :i* ,i hope = leisure to te/ at "s future "t4 ,f> be x f me to decry ! disposition to raise new se$l+ v>ieties2 by ?is c\rse sub/antial progress has be5 & w be made4 ,b !re is ano!r me?od ( advance :i* may promise ev5 bett] results4 ,9 _m ( ! catalogues ( to-day we f9d _m ( ! f9e old v>ieties spok5 ( z enfeebl$ & fall5 f _! fir/ e/ate4 ,?is is :y !y decl9e 9 popul> favor & pass into oblivion4 ,little wond] t ^! v>ieties h become enfeebl$1 :5 we rememb] h[ n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ! plants are propagat$4 ,i w briefly apply my !ory to "o ( ! olde/ k9ds /ill 9 exi/5ce--,wilson's ,albany4 ,if ,i %\ld set out a b$ ( ,wilson's ?is spr+1 ,i w\ld ev5tually discov] a plant t surpass$ ! o!rs 9 vigor & productiv5ess--"o t to a great] degree ?an ! o!rs exhibit$ ! true *>act]i/ics ( ! v>iety4 ,i %\ld !n cle> away all ! o!r plants ne> x & let ?is "o plant propagate itself1 until !re 7 en\gh runn]s = ano!r b$4 ,f ?is a second selection ( ! be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic plants w\ld be made & treat$ 9 l mann]4 ,x appe>s to me reasonable & 9 accordance ) nature t1 by ?is c>eful & cont9u$ selection1 an old v>iety c\ld be br\ght to a po9t ( excell5ce f> surpass+ its pri/9e condition1 & t ! high] & bett] /ra9 w\ld become fix$ & uni=m1 unless x 0 aga9 treat$ ) ! neglect :i* =m]ly caus$ ! det]ioration4 ,by ?is me?od ( selection & c>eful propagation ! primal vigor %[n by ! v>ieties :i* ju/ly become popul> may be b ! />t+-po9t on a c>e] ( well-do+ t c sc>cely be limit$4 ,is x ask$1 ,:y is n ?is done by plant-gr[]s8 ,y1 my de> read]1 may be "o ( ! reasons4 ,y may be ready to exp5d ev5 a doll> a plant = "s unte/$ & possibly valueless novelty1 & yet be unwill+ to give a doll> a hundr$ = ! be/ /&>d v>iety 9 exi/5ce4 ,if ,i _h ,wilsons propagat$ z ,i h describ$1 & ask$ t5 doll>s a ?\s& = !m1 n9e out ( t5 w\ld write back t !y c\ld buy ! v>iety = two doll>s p] ?\s&4 ,s !y c\ld2 & !y1 c\ld also buy horses at t5 doll>s ea*1 & no "o c\ld d5y t !y 7 horses4 ,"o ( ! *ief inc5tives ( nurs]ym5 to s5d out novelties is t !y may h "s plants = sale on :i* !y c make a pr(it4 ,:5 ! p are educat$ up to ! po9t ( pay+ = quality 9 plants & trees z !y are 9 respect to live/ock1 !re w be c>eful & capable m5 ready to supply ! dem&4 ,beg9n+ on page #cdi1 ! read] w f9d supplem5tal bits ( v>ieties :i* h appe>$ to me wor?y ( m5tion at ! pres5t "t4 ,i may h err$ 9 my selection ( ! new] c&idates = favor1 & h giv5 "s unw>rant$ impressions 9 reg>d to !m4 ,let ! read] rememb] ! op9ion ( a vet]an fruit-gr[]4 ,no true1 accurate k ( a v>iety c be _h1 he said1 until x has be5 at lea/ t5 ye>s 9 g5]al cultivation4 ,i w n[ take my leave1 9 ! hope t :5 ,i h some?+ fur!r to say1 ,i %all n be unwelcome4 ,e4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,cornwall-,,on-,,!-,,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,janu>y #af1ahhf4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,prelim9>y ,,p>ley ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fruit ,,g>d5 ,,iii4 ,,small ,,fruit ,,f>m+ ,,& ,,its ,,pr(its ,,iv4 ,,/rawb]ries3 ,,! ,,five ,,species ,,& ,,_! ,,hi/ory ,v4 ,,ideal ,,/rawb]ries ,,v]sus ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,& ,,m>ket ,,vi4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,soil ,,& ,,location ,,vii4 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,enri*+ ,,! ,,soil ,,viii4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soil ,,by ,,dra9age ,,ix4 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soils ,,comp>atively ,,unfavorable--,,clay1 ,,s&1 ,,etc ,x4 ,,comm]cial ,,& ,,special ,,f]tiliz]s ,,xi4 ,,obta9+ ,,plants ,,& ,,improv+ ,,our ,,/ock ,,xii4 ,,:5 ,,%all ,,we ,,plant8 ,,xiii4 ,,:at ,,%all ,,we ,,plant8 ,,v>ieties1 ,,_! ,,"* ,,& ,,adaptation ,,to ,,soils ,,xiv4 ,,sett+ ,,out ,,plants ,,xv4 ,,cultivation ,,xvi4 ,a ,,s\!rn ,,/rawb]ry ,,f>m1 ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,culture ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,xvii4 ,,=c+ ,,/rawb]ries ,,"u ,,glass ,,xviii4 ,,orig9at+ ,,new ,,v>ieties--,,hybridization ,,xix4 ,,raspb]ries--,,species1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,propagation1 ,,etc ,,xx4 ,,raspb]ries--,,prun+--,,/ak+--,,mul*+-- ,,w9t] ,,protection1 ,,etc ,,xxi4 ,,raspb]ries--,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,=eign ,,& ,,native ,,species ,,xxii4 ,,rubus ,,occid5tals--,,black-,,cap ,,& ,,purple-,,cane ,,raspb]ries ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,raspb]ries ,,( ,,! ,,future ,,xxiv4 ,,blackb]ries--,,v>ieties1 ,,cultivation1 ,,etc4 ,,xxv4 ,,currants--,,*oice ,,( ,,soil1 ,,cultivation1 ,,prun+1 ,,etc4 ,,xxvi4 ,,currants1 ,,cont9u$--,,propagation1 ,,v>ieties ,,xxvii4 ,,gooseb]ries ,,xxviii4 ,,diseases ,,& ,,insect ,,enemies ,,( ,,small ,,fruits ,,xxix4 ,,pick+ ,,& ,,m>ket+ ,,xxx4 ,,irrigation ,,xxxi4 ,,sugge/ive ,,exp]i5ces ,,f ,,widely ,,sep>at$ ,,localities ,,xxxii4 ,a ,,few ,,rules ,,& ,,maxims ,,xxxiii4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,/rawb]ries ,,xxxiv4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,o!r ,,small ,,fruits ,,xxxv4 ,,clos+ ,,words ,,app5dix ,,index ,,*apt] ,i ,,prelim9>y ,,p>ley ,9 ! ages t 7 some:at %ad[$1 to say ! lea/1 :5 ,nature indulg$ h] own wild moods 9 man & ! _w he trampl$ on r ?an cultivat$1 !re 0 a class :o 9 _! dreams & futile ef=ts became ! unconsci\s prophets ( our own "t--! ,al*emi/s4 ,= c5turies !y believ$ !y c\ld transmute base metals into gold & silv]4 ,mod]n k enables u to "w *anges m b5eficial ?an ! al*emi/ ev] dream$ (2 & x %all be my aim to make "o ( ^! secrets z op5 z ! sunlight 9 ! fields & g>d5s :]e9 ! beautiful mutations occur4 ,to turn iron into gold w\ld be a prosaic1 b>r5 process t might result 9 tr\ble to all conc]n$1 b to trans=m heavy black e>? & insipid ra9-wat] into edible rubies1 ) cele/ial p]fume & ambrosial flavor1 is inde$ an art t appeals to ! entire race1 & enli/s t imp]i\s ne!r organ :i* has nev] lo/ its p[] ov] he>t or bra94 ,z long1 !re=e1 z humanity's m\? wat]s at ! ?\ght ( morsels m delici\s ev5 ?an s9 "u ! tongue1 ,i am sure ( an audi5ce :5 ,i disc\rse ( /rawb]ries & _! k9dr$ fruits4 ,if apples l$ to ! loss ( ,p>adise1 ! read] w f9d describ$ h]eaft] a li/ ( fruits t w enable him to recon/ruct a bit ( ,ed51 ev5 if ! ,fall & all our woe h left him possess$ ( m]ely a city y>d4 ,b l& 9 ! c\ntry1 breezy hillsides1 moi/1 %elt]$ valleys1 sunny pla9s--:at opportunities = ! div9e/ =m ( al*emy are "h af=d$ to hundr$s ( ?\s&s6 ,_m ?9k ( ! soil only 9 connection ) ! sad words ( ! burial s]vice--,e>? to e>?1 a%es to a%es4 ,let u1 :ile we may1 ga9 m *e]ful associations ) our k9dr$ du/4 ,= a "t x c be e>? to /rawb]ry blossoms1 a%es to bright r$ b]ries1 & _! color w get into our *eeks & _! ri* subacid juices into our insipid lives1 con/itut+ a m5tal1 moral1 & physical alt]ative t w s *ange u t we %all believe 9 evolution & imag9e ourselves fit = a high] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,"o may delve 9 ! e>? s long z to lose all dread at ! ?\ght ( sleep+ 9 x at la/2 & ! lusci\s fruits & bright-hu$ fl[]s t come out ( x1 9 a way no "o c f9d out1 may tea* our own resurrection m effectually ?an d ! le>n$ !ologians4 ,we naturally feel t "s good sa9ts 9 ! fle%1 ev5 ?\gh !y are pill>s ( ! *ur*1 ne$ m ?an a sea-*ange be=e !y c become prop] citiz5s ( ,j]usalem ! ,gold52 b hav+ comp>$ a raspb]ry bu%1 b5d+ gracefully "u its delici\s burd51 ) ! insignificant se$ f :i* x grew1 we are ready to believe 9 all possibilities ( good4 ,?us we may ga!r m ?an b]ries f our fruit-g>d5s4 ,nature hangs ?\ghts & sugge/ions on e spray1 & blackb]ry bu%es give _m an impressive scrat* to tea* u t good & evil are v ne> toge!r 9 ?is _w1 & t we mu/ be c>eful1 :ile seek+ ! "o1 to avoid ! o!r4 ,9 e field ( life ^? :o seek ! fruit too ra%ly are almo/ sure to h a ?orny exp]i5ce1 & to le>n t prick+s are provid$ = ^? :o h no consci5ces4 ,he :o sees 9 ! _w ar\nd him only :at /rikes ! eye lives 9 a poor1 half-furni%$ h\se2 he :o obta9s f 8 g>d5 only :at he c eat ga!rs b a meagre crop4 ,if ,i f9d some?+ besides b]ries on my v9es1 ,i %all pick x if s incl9$4 ,! sci5tific treatise1 or precise manual1 may break up ! well-root$ fri5d%ip ( plants1 & compel !m to take leave ( ea* o!r1 aft] ! arbitr>y fa%ion ( me?odical m9ds1 b ,i mu/ talk ab\t !m v mu* z nature has taught me1 s9ce1 9 respect to out-(-door life1 my education 0 acquir$ almo/ :olly 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way at ! v5]able dame's s*ool4 ,nay m1 ,i claim t ,i h w>rant to ga!r f my horticultural texts m ?an c be s5t to ! d9+ table or commission m]*ant4 ,su* a matt]-(-fact plant z ! currant makes "s attempt to embroid] its humble life ) ornam5t1 & 9 ,april ! bees w prove to y t honey may be ga!r$ ev5 f a gooseb]ry bu%4 ,inde$1 gooseb]ries are l "s ladies t we all "k4 ,9 _! "y & blossom+ days !y are sweet & p9k-hu$1 & !n !y gr[ acid1 pale1 & h>d2 b 9 ! rip5+ exp]i5ce ( lat] life !y become sweet aga9 & t5d]4 ,be=e !y drop f _! places ! bees come back = honey1 & f9d x4 ,9 brief1 ,i propose to take ! read] on a quiet & ext5d$ ramble among ! small fruits4 ,x is mu* ! same z if ,i said1 ,let u g a-/rawb]ry+ toge!r1 & we talk$ z we w5t ov] hill & ?r\gh dale 9 a /yle some:at 9 h>mony ) our w&]+s4 ,v _m1 no d\bt1 w glance at ^! introductory words1 & decl9e to g ) me1 correctly feel+ t !y c f9d bett] company4 ,o!r busy1 practical s\ls w pref] a m compact1 /raight=w>d treatise1 t is l a lesson 9 a class-room1 r ?an a /roll 9 ! fields1 or a t\r among ! fruit f>ms1 & :ile sorry to lose _! company1 ,i h no occasion to f9d fault4 ,i assure ^?1 h[ev]1 :o1 aft] ?is prelim9>y p>ley1 decide to g fur!r1 t ,i w d my be/ to make our excursion pleasant1 & to cause z little we>9ess z is possible1 if we are to return ) full baskets4 ,i %all n foll[ ! example ( "s ?rifty p :o invite "o to g a-b]ry+1 b lead away f fruitful nooks1 propos+ to visit !m alone by /eal?4 ,all ! secrets ,i "k %all become op5 ones4 ,i %all conduct ! read] to all ! good places1 & "n ! good ?+s ,i h discov]$ 9 half a lifetime ( rese>*4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 mode/ly h9t to ! practical read]--to :om "t is money1 :o has an eye to ! fruit only1 & ) :om ! "q ( outlay & return is ev] upp]mo/--t he may1 aft] all1 f9d x to 8 advantage to g ) u4 ,:ile we /op to ga!r a fl[]1 li/5 to a brook or bird1 or g out ( our way occasionally to get a view1 he c jog on1 meet+ u at e po9t :]e we mean bus9ess4 ,^! po9ts %all occur s (t5 t he w n lose z mu* "t z he imag9es1 & ,i ?9k he w f9d my bus9ess talks bus9ess-l--q z practical z he desires4 ,to come d[n to ! pla9e/ ( pla9 prose1 ,i am n a !ori/ on ^! subjects1 nor d ,i dabble 9 small fruits z a ri* & fanciful amateur1 to :om x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r 8 /rawb]ries co/ five c5ts or a doll> a qu>t4 ,z a f>m]1 milk mu/ be less exp5sive ?an *ampagne4 ,i c\ld n af=d a fruit f>m at all if x did n m ?an pay its way1 & 9 ord] to w9 ! confid5ce ( ! solid m51 :o want no gu% or side s5tim5t1 ev5 ?\gh nature sugge/s "s w>rant = x1 ,i w give a bit ( p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,five ye>s s9ce1 ,i b\ght a f>m ( tw5ty-?ree acres t = sev]al ye>s _h be5 r5t$1 deplet$1 & suff]$ to run wild4 ,?ickets ( bru%wood ext5d$ f ! f5ces well into ! fields1 & 9 a notable in/ance across ! entire place4 ,"o portion 0 s /ony t x c\ld n be pl[$2 ano!r s wet & s\r t ev5 grass w\ld n gr[ ^u x2 a ?ird portion 0 n only swampy1 b liable to be ov]:elm$ ) /ones & gravel twice a ye> by ! sudd5 ris+ ( a m\nta9 /ream4 ,!re 0 no fruit on ! place except apples & a v few pe>s & grapes4 ,ne>ly all ( ! l&1 z ,i f\nd x1 0 too impov]i%$ to produce a dec5t crop ( /rawb]ries4 ,! location ( ! place1 moreov]1 made x v exp5sive--x co/ #ai1jjj2 & yet dur+ ! ?ird ye> ( occupancy ! income f ?is place approa*$ v ne>ly to ! outlay1 & 9 #ahgh1 dur+ :i* my mo/ exp5sive improvem5ts 7 made1 9 ! way ( dra9+1 tak+ out /ones1 etc41 ! income paid = ^! improvem5ts1 = curr5t exp5ses1 & gave a surplus ( ov] #a1hjj4 ,9 #ahgi1 ! net income 0 consid]ably l>g]4 ,9 ord] t ^! /atem5ts may n mislead any "o1 ,i w add t 9 my judgm5t only ! comb9$ bus9ess ( plants & fruit w\ld w>rant su* exp5ses z ,i h incurr$4 ,my f>m is almo/ 9 ! mid/ ( a village1 & ! build+s ^u x greatly increas$ its co/4 ,^? :o propose to raise & sell fruit only %\ld n burd5 !mselves ) high-pric$ l&4 ,f>ms1 ev5 on ! ,hudson1 c be b\ght at q mod]ate prices at a mile or m away f c5tres1 & yet )9 easy rea* ( l&+s & railroad depots4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ^: op9ions on all horticultural que/ions are s ju/ly valu$1 rem>k$ to me t no o!r fruit 0 s affect$ by v>y+ soils & climates z ! /rawb]ry4 ,i h come to ! conclusion t soil1 locality1 & climate make su* va/ diff]5ces t unless ^! v>iations are c>efully /udi$ & indicat$1 books w mislead m p ?an !y help4 ,a man may write a treatise admirably adapt$ to 8 own f>m2 b if "o liv+ a ?\s&1 a hundr$1 or ev5 "o mile away1 foll[$ ! same me?od1 he might almo/ utt]ly fail4 ,:ile c]ta9 g5]al & f\ndation pr9ciples apply to ! cultivation ( ea* g5us ( fruit1 important modifications &1 9 "s in/ances1 almo/ radical *anges ( me?od mu/ be made 9 view ( ! v>i$ conditions 9 :i* x is gr[n4 ,x is ev5 m important to "k :at v>ieties are be/ adapt$ to diff]5t localities & soils4 ,:ile no exp]i5c$ & c&id au?ority w speak confid5tly & precisely on ?is po9t1 mu* v useful in=mation & sugge/ion may be giv5 by "o :o1 in/ead ( !oriz+1 obs]ves1 que/ions1 & records facts z !y are4 ,! mo/ pr(itable /rawb]ry ( ! f> ,s\? w produce sc>cely any fruit 9 ! ,nor?1 al?\gh ! plant gr[s well2 & "s ( our be/ raspb]ries _c ev5 exi/ 9 a hot climate or ^u v light soils4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is book x has be5 my aim to /udy ^! conditions1 t ,i might give advice useful 9 ,florida & ,canada1 ,new ,york & ,cali=nia1 z well z at ,cornwall4 ,i h ma9ta9$ an ext5sive correspond5ce ) practical fruit gr[]s 9 all sections1 & h read ) c>e contributions to ! horticultural press f widely sep>at$ localities4 ,n cont5t ) ?is1 ,i h visit$ 9 p]son ! great fruit-gr[+ c5tres ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,norfolk & ,ri*mond1 ,va42 ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c42 ,augu/a & ,savannah1 ,ga12 & sev]al po9ts 9 ,florida4 ,?us1 f actual obs]vation & full1 free conv]sation1 ,i h famili>iz$ myself ) bo? ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn aspects ( ?is indu/ry1 :ile my correspond5ce f ! f> ,we/1 ,s\?we/1 & ,cali=nia w1 ,i hope1 enable me to aid ! novice 9 ^? regions also4 ,i "k 9 advance t my book w conta9 _m & v>i$ faults1 b ,i int5d t x %all be an expression ( hone/ op9ion4 ,i d n l foxy grapes nor foxy words ab\t !m4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,fruit ,,g>d5 ,raison d'etre ,small fruits1 to p :o live 9 ! c\ntry1 are l heav5--objects ( univ]sal desire & v g5]al neglect4 ,inde$1 9 a l& s peculi>ly adapt$ to _! cultivation1 x is difficult to acc\nt = ?is neglect if y admit ! premise t ,am]icans are civiliz$ & intellectual4 ,x is ! trait ( a savage & inf]ior race to dev\r ) imm5se gu/o a delici\s morsel1 & !n tru/ to luck = ano!r4 ,p :o w\ld turn away f a di% ( ,mon>* /rawb]ries1 ) _! plump p9k *eeks p[d]$ ) sug>1 or f a plate ( melt+ raspb]ries & cream1 w\ld be reg>d$ z s ecc5tric z to sugge/ an asylum2 b ! numb] ( pr(ess$ly intellig5t & moral folk :o ignore ! simple means ( enjoy+ ! ambrosial vi&s daily1 = weeks toge!r1 is s l>ge z to %ake "o's confid5ce 9 human nature4 ,a well-ma9ta9$ fruit g>d5 is a comp>atively r>e adjunct ( ev5 /yli% & pret5ti\s homes4 ,9 ,june1 ( all mon?s1 9 sultry ,july & ,augu/1 !re arises f innum]able c\ntry breakfa/ tables ! pung5t odor ( a meat into :i* ! devils w5t b out ( :i* !re is no pro( !y ev] came4 ,f ! g>d5 "u ! w9d[s might h be5 ga!r$ fruits ^: aroma w\ld h tempt$ spirits ( ! air4 ,! cabbage-pat* may be se5 af>1 b too (t5 ! /rawb]ry-b$ ev5 if x exi/s is hidd5 by we$s1 & ! lat] small fruits /ruggle = b>e life 9 "s neglect$ corn]4 ,inde$1 an excursion into c]ta9 p>ts ( ,hew ,engl& might sugge/ t _m ( its ?rifty citiz5s w\ld n h be5 cont5t 9 ,ed5 until !y _h put its be/ l& into onions & tobacco4 ,?r\gh ! sup]b sc5]y ( ,v]mont !re fl[s a riv] ^: "n1 "o might ?9k1 w\ld secure an unfail+ tide f ! eyes ( ! inhabitants4 ,! ,alp9e /rawb]ry gr[s wild 9 all t region1 b ! puritan smack$ 8 lips ov] ano!r gift ( nature & nam$ ! romantic /ream 9 its honor4 ,to acc\nt = c]ta9 ta/es or t5d5cies1 mank9d mu/ c]ta9ly h fall5 a little way1 or1 if ,mr4 ,d>w9's view is correct1 & we are on a slight up-grade1 a dreadful hit* & t5d5cy to backslide has be5 app>5t at a c]ta9 po9t ev] s9ce ! ,hebrews sigh$ = ! leeks & onions ( ,egypt4 ,( c\rse1 !re is little hope = ! rural s\l t loa!s ! light manna ( small fruits4 ,we mu/ leave x to evolution = ano!r cycle or two4 ,b1 z already indicat$1 we believe t humanity 9 ! ma9 has rea*$ a po9t :]e its int]nal organs highly approve ( ! delici\s gr\p ( fruits t /ray$ out ( ,p>adise1 & h n yet lo/ !mselves among ! ?orns & ?i/les4 ,inde$1 mod]n skill--! al*emy ( our age--has wr\ght su* wond]s t ,ed5 is possible aga9 to all :o w take ! tr\ble to =m ,ed5-l ta/es & capacities4 ,! numb] :o are do+ ?is is increas+ e ye>1 ,! l>ge dem& = lit]ature relat+ to out-(-door life1 horticultural j\rnals1 l ! fruits ( :i* !y treat1 fl\ri%+ 9 regions new & remote1 are pro( ( ?is4 ,! bus9ess ( supply+ fruit-trees1 plants1 & ev5 fl[]s1 is becom+ a va/ indu/ry4 ,i h be5 in=m$ t "o ent]pris+ firm annually sp5ds ?\s&s 9 adv]tis+ roses only4 ,b :ile we welcome ! evid5ces t s _m are ceas+ to be bucolic hea!n1 mu* obs]vation has %[n t ! ne$ ( fur!r enlight5m5t is l>ge inde$4 ,x is depress+ to ?9k ( ! numb] ( homes ab\t :i* fruits are conspicu\s only by _! abs5ce--homes ( e class1 f ! labor]'s cottage & pione]'s cab9 to ! suburban palace4 ,liv+ )\t books & pictures is only a little worse ?an liv+ 9 ! c\ntry )\t fruits & fl[]s4 ,we mu/ respect to "s ext5t ! old ascetics1 :o1 9 ob$i5ce to mi/ak5 ideas ( duty1 depriv$ !mselves ( ! good ?+s ,god provid$1 ev5 :ile we recognize ! /upidity ( su* a c\rse4 ,little *ildr5 are r>ely s lack+ 9 s5se z to try to please _! fa!r by contemptu\sly turn+ away f 8 be/ gifts1 or by treat+ !m ) indiff]5ce4 ,:y d millions live 9 ! c\ntry1 ye> aft] ye>1 rais+ we$s & brambles1 or a few co>se vegetables1 :5 ! *oice/ fruits w\ld gr[ almo/ z readily8 ,!y c plead no p]v]t$ s5se ( duty4 ,x is a "q h>d to answ]4 ,"s1 p]haps1 h ! delusion t f9e small fruits are z difficult to raise z or*ids4 ,!y class !m ) hot-h\se grapes4 ,o!rs ?9k !y ne$ s little att5tion t !y c /ick a few plants 9 h>d1 poor gr\nd & leave !m to _! fate4 ,"o might z well try to raise can>y-birds & kitt5s toge!r z /rawb]ries & we$s4 ,!re is a l>ge class :o believe 9 small fruits1 & "k _! value4 ,!y enjoy !m amaz+ly at a fri5d's table1 & ev5 buy "s :5 !y are *eap41 ,a little great] outlay & a little intellig5t ef=t w\ld give !m an abundant supply f _! own gr\nds4 ,9 a vague way !y are aw>e ( ?is1 & reproa* !mselves = _! neglig5ce1 b "t passes & !re is no *ange = ! bett]4 ,:y8 ,i don't "k4 ,!re are m5 :o r>ely kiss _! wives & *ildr54 ,= !m ! birds s+ unhe$$ & ev5 unhe>d2 fl[]s become m]e objects1 & sunsets sugge/ only quitt+ "t4 ,9 !ory !y believe 9 all ^! ?+s4 ,:at c be said ( !m save t !y simply jog on to-day z !y did ye/]day1 ev] dimly hop+ at "s "t or o!r to live up to _! privileges8 ,b !y usually g on f bad to worse1 until1 l _! neglect$ /rawb]ry-b$s1 !y are turn$ "u4 ,9 cities n a hundr$ miles f my f>m !re are abodes ( weal? ) spaci\s gr\nds1 :]e1 9 _m in/ances1 sc>cely any place is f\nd = small fruits4 ,x is *eap] & easi] to buy !m1 x is said4 ,?is is a sorry pro( ( civilization4 ,!re is no economy 9 ! b>b>ic spl5dor ( brass buttons & liv]y1 b m]ely a little tr\ble 7,i d\bt ab\t money7 is sav$ on ! *oice/ luxuries ( ! ye>4 ,! idea ( go+ out ( _! rural p>adises to buy half-/ale fruit6 ,b ?is class is l>gely at ! m]cy ( ! hir$ man1 or 8 m disagreeable developm5t1 ! pret5ti\s smatt]]1 :o1 s f> f possess+ ! k t ! ,engli%1 ,scot*1 or ,g]man g>d5]s acquire 9 _! long1 ?or\gh tra9+1 is a comp\nd ( ignorance & prejudice4 ,to hide 8 b>r5ness ( m9d he gives 8 s\l to r>e plants1 clipp$ lawns1 b /9ts ! family 9 all ?+s save 8 impud5ce4 ,if he tells 8 obsequi\s employ]s t x is easi] & *eap] to buy _! fruit ?an to raise x1 ( c\rse !re is naught to d b g to ! m>ket & pick up :at !y c2 & yet ,dr4 ,?urb] says1 ) a va/ deal ( =ce1 t ! un=tunate p :o buy _! fruit d n "k :at a /rawb]ry is4 ,9 all tru? & sob]ness x is a m>vel & a %ame t s _m sane p :o pr(ess to h pass$ beyond ! habits ( ! wild]ness w n give ! att5tion requir$ by ^! unexact+ fruits4 ,! man :o has le>n$ to write 8 "n c le>n to raise !m successfully4 ,! ladies :o "k h[ to keep _! homes neat ?r\gh ! labors ( _! intellig5t help1 c\ld also le>n to manage a fruit g>d5 ev5 ?\gh employ+ ! /upide/ oaf t ev] blund]$ ?r\gh life4 ,! me?od is ?is3 ,fir/ le>n h[ y\rself1 & !n let y\r labor] ?or\ghly und]/& t he gets no wages unless he does z he is told4 ,9 ! complicat$ details ( a plant f>m !re is mu* t ne$s con/ant sup]vision1 b ! "w ( an ord9>y fruit g>d5 is1 9 ! ma91 /raight=w>d & simple4 ,! exp5diture ( a little "t1 money1 &1 above all ?+s1 ( seasonable labor1 is s abundantly repaid t "o w\ld ?9k t b>e self-int]e/ w\ld solve inv>iably ! simple problem ( supply4 ,z m]e articles ( food1 ^! fruits are exce$+ly valuable4 ,!y are capable ( su/a9+ sev]e & cont9u$ labor4 ,= mon?s toge!r we might become almo/ indep5d5t ( but*] & doctor if we made our places produce all t nature p]mits4 ,purple grapes w hide unsightly build+s2 currants1 raspb]ries1 & blackb]ries w gr[ along ! f5ces & 9 ! corn]s t are left to burdocks & brambles4 ,i h kn[n invalids to improve f ! fir/ day t b]ries 7 br\ght to ! table1 & ?\s&s w\ld ex*ange _! sall[ complexions1 sick heada*es1 & g5]al ennui = a breezy int]e/ 9 life & its ab\nd+ pleasures1 if !y w\ld only take nature's palpable h9t1 & enjoy ! seasonable food %e provides4 ,belles c f9d bett] cosmetics 9 ! fruit g>d5 ?an on _! toilet tables1 & %e :o pa9ts h] *eeks ) ! pure1 heal?ful blood t is made f nature's *oice/ gifts1 & ! ex]cise ( ga!r+ !m1 c give h] lov] a kiss t w make him wi% = ano!r4 ,! fam\s ,dr4 ,hosack1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 :o att5d$ ,alex&] ,hamilton aft] he receiv$ 8 fatal w\nd f ,burr1 0 an en?usia/ on ! subject ( fruits4 ,x 0 8 cu/om to t]m9ate 8 spr+ c\rse ( lectures ) a /rawb]ry fe/ival4 ,i mu/ let ! class see1 he said1 t we are practical z well z !oretical4 ,l9naeus cur$ 8 g\t & protract$ 8 life by eat+ /rawb]ries4 ,!y are a de> article1 a fri5d rem>k$1 to gratify ! appetites ( s _m4 ,yes1 inde$1 repli$ ! doctor1 b f our pres5t mode ( culture !y w become *eap4 ,x is h>d to realize h[ sc>ce ?is fruit 0 sixty or sev5ty ye>s ago1 b ! pr$iction ( ! sagaci\s physician has be5 v]ifi$ ev5 beyond 8 imag9ation4 ,/rawb]ries are rais$ almo/ z abundantly z potatoes1 & = a mon? or m c be eat5 z a *eap & :olesome food by all classes1 ev5 ! poore/4 ,by a prop] selection ( v>ieties we1 9 our home1 fea/ ^u !m six weeks toge!r1 & s might ! majority ( ^? ^: happy lot is ca/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! small area ( a city y>d plant$ ) a few *oice k9ds w (t5 yield surpris+ returns "u s5sible culture4 ,if we cultivate ^! beautiful & delici\s fruits we always h ! p[] ( giv+ pleasure to o!rs1 & he's a *url & %e a pale reflection ( ,xantippe :o does n covet ?is p[]4 ,! faces ( our gue/s bright5 z !y snuff f af> ! delicate aroma4 ,our v9es c furni% gifts t our fri5ds w ev] welcome2 & by means ( _! products we c pay homage to g5ius t w be f> m grateful ?an commonplace complim5ts4 ,i h se5 a lett] f ! ,hon4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,bryant1 :i* is a ri* return = ! few /rawb]ries t 7 s5t to him1 & ! ?\ght t !y gave him pleasure gives ! donor f> m4 ,!y are a gift t "o c be/[ & ano!r take )\t involv+ any compromise on ei!r side1 s9ce !y belong to ! same category z smiles1 k9d words1 & ! univ]sal freemasonry ( fri5d%ip4 ,faces gr[ radiant ov] a basket ( fruit or fl[]s t w\ld d>k5 ) ang] at o!r gifts4 ,if1 9 ! circle ( our acqua9tance1 !re are ^? %ut up to ! we>9ess & heavy atmosph]e ( a sick-room1 9 no way c we s5d a ray ( sunlight a?w>t _! pallid faces m effectually ?an by plac+ a basket ( fragrant fruit on ! table beside !m4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! physician may r5d] x =bidd5 fruit1 _! eyes w fea/ ^u x1 & ! aroma w tea* !m t ! _w is n pass+ on1 unhe$+ & unc>+ :e!r !y live or die4 ,! ,fruit & ,fl[] ,mission ( ,new ,york is engag$ 9 a beautiful & mo/ useful *>ity4 ,into t5em5t-h\ses & ! hot close w>ds ( city hospitals1 true si/]s ( m]cy ( ! "o ,ca?olic *ur* ( love & k9dness c>ry ! fragrant emblems ( an ,ed5 t 0 lo/1 b may be rega9$ ev5 by ^? :o h w&]$ f>!/ f its beauty & purity4 ,m5 & wom51 ) faces seem+ly h>d5$ & gr[n rigid "u ! impress ( vice1 t b too correctly reveal ! co>se & brutal nature )91 (t5 become wi/ful & t5d] ov] "s simple fl[] or lusci\s fruit t recalls e>li] & happi] days4 ,^! are gifts :i* (f5d no prejudices1 & inevitably sugge/ t :i* is good1 sweet1 :olesome & pure4 ,= a mom5t1 at lea/1 & p]haps =ev]1 !y may lead /a9$ & debas$ creatures to turn _! faces heav5w>d4 ,!re are little suff]+ *ildr5 also 9 ! hospitals2 !re are exiles f c\ntry homes & c\ntry life 9 ! city :o h be5 swept d[n n by evil b ! d>k tides ( disa/]1 pov]ty1 & disease1 & to su* x is a privilege z well z a pleasure to s5d gifts t w t5d to revive hope & c\rage4 ,t we may (t5 avail ourselves ( ^! graci\s opportunities ( giv+ ! equival5t ( a cup ( cold wat]1 we %\ld plant fruits & fl[]s 9 abundance4 ,"o ( ! sad features ( our "t is ! t5d5cy ( "y p to leave _! c\ntry homes4 ,& too (t5 "o does n ne$ to look f> = ! reason4 ,life at ! f>m-h\se s9ks into deep ruts1 & becomes we>y plodd+4 ,!re are too _m "o-idea$ f>m]s & f>ms4 ,x is corn1 potatoes1 :eat1 butt]1 or milk4 ,! /aple production absorbs all ?\ght & ev]y?+ else is neglect$4 ,nature dem&s t "y p %\ld h v>iety1 & furni%es x 9 abundance4 ,! /olid f>m] too (t5 ignores nature & ! crav+s ( y\?1 & insi/s on ! heavy monoton\s "w ( 8 specialty1 e>ly & late1 ! ye> ar\nd1 & !n wond]s :y 9 8 decl9+ ye>s !re are no /rong "y h&s to light5 8 toil4 ,! boy :o might h liv$ a /urdy1 heal?ful1 indep5d5t life among 8 native hills is a blea*$ & sall[ y\? measur+ ribbons & calicoes beh9d a city c\nt]4 ,! girl :o might h be5 ! mi/ress ( a tree-%ad[$ c\ntry h\se disappe>s "u mu* d>k] %ad[s 9 t[n4 ,b = _! e>ly home life1 s meagre & devoid ( int]e/1 !y might h brea!d pure air all _! days4 ,n ! lea/ among ! means ( mak+ a home attractive w\ld be a well-ma9ta9$ fruit g>d54 ,! he>t & ! /oma* h be5 f\nd ne>] toge!r by ! metaphysicians ?an ! physiologi/s1 & if ! h\se-"m1 z ! ,g]mans say1 beam$ (t5 at h] *ildr5 ov] a great di% ( b]ries flank$ by a pit*] ( unskimm$ milk1 n only good blood & good feel+ w\ld be develop$1 b some?+ t ! poets call e>ly ties4 ,!re is "o =m ( gambl+ or speculation t1 )9 prop] limits1 is entirely innoc5t & heal?ful--! rais+ ( new se$l+ fruits & ! te/+ ( new v>ieties4 ,9 ^! pursuits ! elem5ts ( *ance1 skill1 & judgm5t ent] s ev5ly t !y are an unfail+ s\rce ( pleasurable excitem5t4 ,! catalogues ( plant1 tree1 & se$ deal]s ab\nd 9 novelties4 ,! majority ( !m _c endure ! te/ ( be+ gr[n by ! side ( our well-kn[n /&>d k9ds1 b n[ & !n an exce$+ly valuable v>iety1 rem>kable = c]ta9 qualities or peculi>ly adapt$ to special localities & uses1 is develop$4 ,!re is n only an unfail+ pleasure 9 mak+ ^! discov]ies1 b (t5 a l>ge pr(it4 ,if1 ?ree or f\r ye>s ago1 a c\ntry boy _h b\ght a doz5 ,%>pless /rawb]ry plants1 & propagat$ f !m1 he might n[ obta9 sev]al hundr$ doll>s f _! increas$ numb]s4 ,"t only c %[ :e!r ?is novelty w become a /&>d v>iety1 b at pres5t ! plants are 9 great dem&4 ,! "y p ( a c\ntry home may become deeply int]e/$ 9 orig9at+ new se$l+s4 ,a ?\s& /rawb]ry se$s w produce a ?\s& new k9ds1 &1 al?\gh ! prospects are t none ( !m w equal ^? n[ 9 favor1 some?+ v f9e & sup]ior may be obta9$4 ,be ?is z x may1 if ^! simple natural int]e/s prev5t boys & girls f be+ drawn into ! mael/rom ( city life until "* is =m$1 ea* plant w h a value beyond silv] or gold4 ,"o ( ! supreme rew>ds ( human endeavor is a true home1 & surely x is z /upid z x is wrong to neglect "s ( ! simple/ & yet mo/ effectual means ( secur+ ?is cr[n ( e>?ly life4 ,a home is ! product ( _m & v>i$ causes1 b ,i h yet to see ! man :o w d5y t delici\s small fruits = eight mon?s ( ! ye>1 & ! ri*] pleasure ev5 ( cultivat+ & ga!r+ !m1 may become "o ( ! *ief contributions to ?is result4 ,i use ! words eight mon?s advis$ly1 = ev5 n[1 ,janu>y #bi1 we are enjoy+ grapes t 7 buri$ 9 ! gr\nd la/ ,octob]4 ,i suppose my *ildr5 are v mat]ial & unlike ! good little p :o d n live long1 b !y place a :ite m>k aga9/ ! days on :i* we une>? a j> ( grapes4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,small ,,fruit ,,f>m+ ,,& ,,its ,,pr(its ,a f>m )\t a fruit g>d5 may ju/ly be reg>d$ z pro( ( a l[ /ate ( civilization 9 ! f>m]4 ,no c\ntry home %\ld be )\t su* simple means ( heal? & happ9ess4 ,= obvi\s reasons1 h[ev]1 !re is n1 & nev] c be1 ! same room = fruit rais+ z !re is = gra91 grass1 & /ock f>m+4 ,nev]!less1 ! opportunities to engage ) pr(it 9 ?is indu/ry on a l>ge scale are increas+ e ye>4 ,f be+ a luxury ( a few1 ! small fruits h become an article ( daily food to ! million4 ,ev5 ! c\ntry village mu/ h its supply1 & ! numb] ( crates t are %ipp$ f ,new ,york city to neighbor+ t[ns is a/oni%+ly l>ge4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! rapidly enl>g+ dem& = ^! fruits1 let u consid] ! exp]i5ce ( "o ,we/]n city1 ,c9c9nati4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,corbly1 :o is !re reg>d$ z "o ( ! be/ in=m$ on ^! subjects1 has ga!r$ ! foll[+ /ati/ics3 ,9 #ahce x 0 reg>d$ z a mo/ wond]ful ?+ t #ajj bu%els ( /rawb]ries c\ld be dispos$ ( on ! ,c9c9nati m>ket 9 "o day1 & 0 comm5t$ on z a great ev5t4 ,a close e/imate %[s t dur+ ! summ] ( #ahgi eighty to eighty-five ?\s& bu%els ( /rawb]ries 7 sold 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,( c\rse1 a l>ge "p ( ^! b]ries 7 %ipp$ away1 b x is e/imat$ t ne>ly "o half 7 consum$ "h4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahch ! cultivation ( black raspb]ries 0 comm5c$ 9 ?is c\nty by ,james ,gallagh] & ,f4 ,a4 ,mc,cormick ( ,salem1 ,&]son t[n%ip4 ,! fir/ ye>1 ,gallagh]'s l>ge/ %ipm5t 9 "o day 0 six bu%els1 & ,mc,cormick's f\r4 ,:5 !y 7 plac$ on ! m>ket1 ,mc,cormick sold out at #f #a_/d c5ts p] qu>t1 & ,gallagh] held (f till ,mc,cormick _h sold out1 :5 he put 8 on sale & obta9$ #h #a_/h c5ts p] qu>t1 & ! dem& 0 fully suppli$4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! crop = ! ye> #ahgi1 h&l$ 9 ,c9c9nati1 am\nt$ to f sev5ty-five ?\s& to eighty ?\s& bu%els--! crop be+ a fairly good "o--sell+ at an av]age ( ab\t two doll>s p] bu%el4 ,x has be5 /at$ 9 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman t ab\t #e1jjj1jjj wor? ( small fruits 7 sold 9 ,mi*igan 9 "o ye>2 & ! same au?ority e/imates t #be1jjj1jjj wor? are consum$ annually 9 ,new ,york city4 ,9 ! future x w\ld seem t ?is dem& w\ld increase ev5 m rapidly2 = 9 e fruit-gr[+ region imm5se cann+ e/abli%m5ts are com+ into exi/5ce1 to :i* ! m>kets ( ! _w are op54 ,!re=e1 9 addition to ! ?\s&s already emb>k$ 9 ?is indu/ry1 /ill l>g] numb]s w engage 9 x dur+ ! next few ye>s4 ,^? :o n[ = ! fir/ "t are turn+ _! att5tion t[>d ?is occupation may be divid$ ma9ly into two classes4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( e/abli%$ f>m]s1 :o1 f9d+ m>kets )9 _! rea*1 ext5d _! pat*es ( raspb]ries1 currants1 or /rawb]ries to su* a degree t !y h a surplus to sell4 ,to ! ext5t t su* sales are remun]ative1 !y increase ! area ( fruits1 until 9 _m in/ances !y become virtually fruit f>m]s4 ,m (t5 a few acres are devot$ to horticulture1 & ! re/ ( ! f>m is c>ri$ on 9 ! old way4 ,! second class is made up *iefly ( ^? :o are unfamili> ) ! soil & its culture--me*anics1 pr(essional m51 :o hope to rega9 heal? by com+ back to nature1 & citiz5s ^: ill-success or in/9cts sugge/ c\ntry life & labors4 ,f bo? ^! classes1 & especially f ! latt]1 ,i receive v _m lett]s1 conta9+ all k9ds ( que/ions4 ,! *ief burd5 on mo/ m9ds1 h[ev]1 is summ$ up 9 ! words1 ,d small fruits pay8 ,to meet ! ne$s ( ^! two classes is "o ( ! great aims ( ?is "w2 & x is my mo/ e>ne/ wi% n to mislead by high-color$ pictures4 ,small fruits pay _m p well2 & unless location1 soil1 or climate is hopelessly aga9/ "o1 ! degree ( pr(it w dep5d *iefly ^u 8 skill1 judgm5t & indu/ry4 ,! rais+ ( small fruits is l o!r call+s1 9 :i* "s are gett+ ri*1 m e>n+ a fair livelihood1 & n a few fail+4 ,x is a bus9ess 9 :i* !re is an abundance ( %>p1 ke5 competition2 & ignorance1 poor judgm5t1 & %iftless1 idle ways w be z fatal z 9 ! work%op1 /ore1 or (fice4 ,innum]able failures result f inexp]i5ce4 ,i w give "o extreme example1 :i* may s]ve to illu/rate1 ! sangu9e m5tal condition ( _m :o read ( l>ge returns 9 fruit culture4 ,a "y man :o _h inh]it$ a few hundr$ doll>s wrote me t he c\ld hire a piece ( l& = a c]ta9 am\nt1 & he wi%$ to inve/ ! balance--e c5t--9 plants1 ?us leav+ himself no capital ) :i* to cont9ue op]ations1 b expect+ t a spe$y crop w\ld lift him at once into a prosp]\s c>e]4 ,i wrote t "u ! circum/ances ,i c\ld n supply him--t x w\ld be ab\t ! same z robb]y to d s2 & advis$ him to sp5d sev]al ye>s ) a practical & successful fruit gr[] & le>n ! bus9ess4 ,mo/ p ent] ^u ?is call+ 9 ! =m ( a w$ge2 b only too _m comm5ce at ! blunt end1 inve/+ l>gely at once 9 ev]y?+1 & !re=e _! bus9ess soon tap]s d[n to no?+4 ,! wise beg9 at ! po9t ( ! w$ge & develop _! call+ naturally1 heal?fully--le>n+1 by exp]i5ce & c>eful obs]vation1 h[ to gr[ fruits pr(itably1 & :i* k9ds pay ! be/4 ,!re ought also to be consid]able capital to />t )1 & an abs5ce ( ! cru%+ burd5 ( int]e/ money4 ,no fruits yield any returns be=e ! second or ?ird ye>2 & !re are (t5 ,unfavorable seasons & glutt$ m>kets4 ,nature's prizes are won by pati5t1 p]si/5t indu/ry1 & n by ,wall ,/reet sleight ( h&4 ,location is v important4 ,a fancy /ore1 h[ev] well-furni%$1 w\ld be a ru9\s inve/m5t at a c\ntry crossroad4 ,! fruit f>m mu/ be situat$ :]e !re is quick & *eap access to good m>kets1 & (t5 ! v be/ m>ket may be f\nd at a neighbor+ village1 summ] resort1 or cann+ e/abli%m5t4 ,ent]prise & indu/ry1 h[ev]1 seem to surm\nt all ob/acles4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,knox %ipp$ 8 fam\s #gjj /rawb]ries 7aft]w>d kn[n to be ! ,jucunda1 a =eign v>iety7 f ,pittsburgh to ,new ,york1 secur+ l>ge returns2 &1 take ! c\ntry ov]1 ! mo/ successful fruit f>ms seem to be locat$ :]e live m5 live & "w4 ,/ill1 if "o 7 ab\t to pur*ase1 s\nd judgm5t w\ld sugge/ a v c>eful *oice ( locality ) spe$y access to good m>kets4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,?omas1 editor ( ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 9 a pap] ^u ! ,outlook ( ,fruit ,culture1 read be=e ! ,we/]n ,n4 ,y4 ,horticultural ,society1 laid d[n ?ree ess5tials to success3 #a4 ,locality--a region f\nd by exp]i5ce to be adapt$ to fruit gr[+4 #b4 ,wise selection ( v>ieties ( ea* k9d4 #c4 ,c>e & culture ( ^! v>ieties4 ,he c]ta9ly is excell5t au?ority4 ,^! obvi\s consid]ations1 & ! facts t h be5 in/anc$1 make x cle> t bra9s mu/ unite ) labor & capital4 ,above all1 h[ev]1 !re mu/ be tra9$1 practical skill4 ,^? succe$ :o le>n h[2 & to add a little deftness to unskill$ h&s is ! object ( e succe$+ page4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i frankly admit t no?+ c take ! place ( exp]i5ce4 ,i once ask$ an em95t physician if a c>eful read+ ( ! be/ m$ical text-books & ?or\gh k ( ! mat]ia m$ica c\ld take ! place ( daily /udy ( actual disease & fit a man = practice1 & he emphatically answ]$1 ,no6 ,x is equally true t an intellig5t man c famili>ize himself ) e horticultural writ] f ! classic age to our own & yet be out/ripp$ 9 success by an ignorant ,iri% labor] :o has le>n$ ! little he kn[s 9 ! s*ool ( exp]i5ce4 ,! probabilities are1 h[ev]1 t ! labor] w rema9 su* all 8 days1 :ile ! ?\ghtful1 read+ man1 :o is too s5sible to be c>ri$ away by !ories1 & :o supplem5ts 8 sci5ce ) exp]i5ce1 may enri* n only himself b ! _w4 ,/ill1 !re is no d\bt t ! *ances ( success are l>gely 9 favor ( ! class ,i fir/ nam$1--! f>m]s :o turn _! att5tion 9 "p or :olly t[>d fruit gr[+4 ,!y are accu/om$ to h>d out-(-door "w & ! g5]al pr9ciples ( agriculture4 ,! fir/ is always ess5tial to success2 & a good f>m] c soon become equally skillful 9 ! c>e ( fruits if he gives 8 m9d to _! culture4 ,! heavy1 /upid1 prejudic$ plodd] :o ?9ks a ?+ is "r solely because 8 gr&fa!r did x1 is a bucolic mon/] t is rec$+ s fa/ into remote wilds be=e ! horticultural press t he sc>cely ne$ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,!re=e1 ! citiz5 or pr(essional man incl9$ to engage 9 fruit f>m+ %\ld rememb] t he mu/ compete ) ! h>dy1 intellig5t sons ( ! soil1 :o 9 mo/ in/ances are cr[n+ _! practical exp]i5ce ) c>eful read+4 ,i d n say ?is to disc\rage any "o1 b only to secure a ?\ghtful & adequate consid]ation ( ! subject be=e ! small accumulations ( ye>s are emb>k$ 9 :at may be a v d\btful v5ture4 ,_m h be5 misl$ to heavy loss by en?usia/ic works on horticulture2 ,i wi% my little book to lead only to success4 ,if :ite-h&$1 holl[-*e/$ pr(essional m5 anxi\s to acquire money1 muscle1 & heal? by fruit rais+1--if citiz5s disgu/$ ) pavem5ts & cr[ds are will+ to take c\nsel ( common-s5se & le>n ! bus9ess practically & ?or\ghly1 :y %\ld !y n succe$8 ,b let no "o imag9e t horticulture is ! f9al resort ( ignorance1 indol5ce1 or incapacity1 physical or m5tal4 ,impo/ors palm !mselves (f on ! _w daily2 a cr$ul\s public takes poison\s no/rums by ! ton & butt2 b ,nature recognizes error e "t1 & quietly ?w>ts ^? :o try to wrong h]1 ei!r wilfully or blund]+ly4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,h5d]son1 :o has be5 engag$ practically 9 vegetable g>d5+ = ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 /ates1 z a result ( 8 exp]i5ce1 t capital1 at ! rate ( #cjj p] acre1 is requir$ 9 />t+ a truck f>m1 & t ! great majority fail :o make ! attempt ) less means4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! fruit f>m] w\ld require capital 9 l proportion2 =1 :ile _m ( ! small fruits c be gr[n ) less prep>ation ( soil & outlay 9 manure1 ! returns come m sl[ly1 s9ce1 ) ! exception ( /rawb]ries1 none ( !m yield a full crop until ! ?ird or f\r? ye>4 ,i advise mo/ urg5tly aga9/ ! incurr+ ( heavy debts4 ,bett] beg9 ) ?ree acres ?an ?irty1 or ?ree hundr$1 f :i* a l>ge sum ( int]e/ money mu/ be obta9$ be=e a p5ny c be us$ = o!r purposes4 ,any?+ c be rais$ f a f>m easi] ?an a mortgage4 ,success dep5ds v l>gely1 also1 on ! "* ( ! soil4 ,if x is s high & dry z to suff] sev]ely f dr\ght two ye>s out ( ?ree1 x _c be made to pay except by irrigation2 if s l[ z to be wet1 r ?an moi/1 ! prospects are b little bett]4 ,^? :o are p]man5tly settl$ mu/ d _! be/ ) su* l& z !y h1 & 9 a lat] *apt] ,i %all sugge/ h[ diff]+ soils %\ld be manag$4 ,to ^? :o c /ill *oose _! location1 ,i w\ld recomm5d a deep mell[ loam1 ) a r compact subsoil1--moi/1 b capable ( ?or\gh dra9age4 ,div]sity ( soil & exposure (f] peculi> advantages also4 ,"s fruits ?rive be/ 9 a /iff clay1 o!rs 9 s&y upl&4 ,e>ly v>ieties rip5 e>li] on a sunny slope1 :ile a late k9d is r5d]$ lat] on a nor!rn hillside1 or 9 ! p>tial %ade ( a grove4 ,9 treat+ ea* fruit & v>iety1 ,i %all try to indicate ! soils & exposures to :i* !y are be/ adapt$4 ,pr(its4--,! read] w naturally wi% = "s def9ite /atem5ts ( ! pr(its ( fruit f>m+2 b ,i almo/ hesitate to comply ) ?is desire4 ,a g5tleman wrote to me t he sold f an acre ( ,cu?b]t raspb]ries #hjj wor? ( fruit4 ,9 view ( ?is fact1 n a few w sit d[n & beg9 to figure1--,if "o acre yield$ #hjj1 t5 acres w\ld produce #h1jjj2 tw5ty acres #af1jjj1 etc4 ,multitudes h be5 l$ into tr\ble by ?is k9d ( reason+4 ,! capacity ( an eng9e ) a giv5 motor p[] c be measur$1 & c]ta9 & unv>y+ results pr$ict$2 b :o c measure ! res\rces ( an acre ?r\gh v>y+ seasons & "u diff]+ culture1 or =etell ! price ( ! crops8 ,9 e/imat+ future pr(its1 we c only approximate2 & ! foll[+ records are giv5 m]ely to %[ :at results h be5 secur$1 & !re=e may be obta9$ aga91 & ev5 surpass$4 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman gives a well-au!nticat$ in/ance ( a fruit gr[] :o receiv$ m ?an #b1jjj f ?ree acres ( /rawb]ries4 ,9 contra/1 h[ev]1 x c\ld be %[n t _m fields h n paid exp5ses4 ,i once _h su* an exp]i5ce4 ,! m>ket 0 glutt$1 & ! v>iety yield$ b]ries s small & poor t !y did n av]age five c5ts p] qu>t4 ,occasionally we he> ( imm5se %ipm5ts f ! ,s\? be+ ?r[n into ! dock4 ,mr4 ,william ,p>ry1 a vet]an fruit gr[] 9 ,new ,j]sey1 /ates ! tru? ,i wi% to convey v cle>ly1 & gives a fair mean betwe5 ^! two extremes3 ,,yield ,,& ,,pr(it ,!re are s _m circum/ances connect$ ) /rawb]ry gr[+1 su* z v>ieties1 soil1 climate1 location1 m>kets1 & ! skill & managem5t ( ! gr[]1 t ! results ( a few cases _c be reli$ on = g5]al rules4 ,we h gr[n ov] two hundr$ bu%els p] acre "h1 & realiz$ upw>d ( six hundr$ doll>s p] acre = ! crop2 b t is mu* above ! g5]al av]age4 ,hav+ kept a c>eful record1 = f\rte5 ye>s pa/1 ( ! yield p] acre & price p] qu>t at :i* our /rawb]ries h be5 sold1 we f9d ! av]age to be ab\t #b1ejj qu>ts p] acre1 & ! price elev5 c5ts p] qu>t 9 m>ket1 giv+ ! foll[+ results3 ,commissions1 #aj p] c5t #bg4ej ,pick+ #b1ejj qu>ts1 at #b;c4 p] qu>t #ej4jj ,manure #ag4ej ,use ( baskets #aj4jj ,cultivation1 etc #be4jj ,net pr(its p] acre #ade4jj ,gross proce$s1 #b1ejj qu>ts at #aa;e #bge4jj ,9 ! ye> #ahgf ! same g5tleman _h t5 acres ( ,br&yw9e raspb]ries t yield$ ab\t eighty-two bu%els to ! acre1 giv+ a cle> pr(it ( #bhj1 or ( #b1hjj = ! entire area4 ,?is crop1 s f> f be+ ! av]age1 0 aw>d$ a premium z ! mo/ pr(itable t ye> 9 ! section4 ,j4 ,r4 ,ga/on ,sons1 ( ,normal1 ,ill41 h giv5 ! foll[+ record ( a plantation ( ,snyd] blackb]ries3 ,we comm5c$ to pick a field ( sev5 acres ,july #ab?1 & f9i%$ pick+ ,augu/ #bb4 ,! total am\nt ga!r$ 0 #dc1ege qu>ts1 equal to #a1cfa bu%els & #bb qu>ts4 ,! av]age price 0 eight c5ts p] qu>t1 mak+ ! gross proce$s equal to #c1dhf4 ,we paid = pick+ #dce4ge4 ,! co/ ( trimm+ & cultivat+ 0 ab\t #djj2 co/ ( boxes1 crates1 & m>ket+ 0 #a1cjg4be1 leav+ a net pr(it ( #a1cdc4 ,a g5tleman 9 ,ul/] ,co41 ,n4,y41 /at$ t #bjj bu%es ( ! ,*]ry currant yield$ him 9 "o season #a1jjj lbs4 ( fruit1 :i* 0 sold at an av]age ( eight c5ts p] p\nd4 ,8 gross receipts 7 #hj f "o-f\rte5? ( an acre1 & at ! same ratio an acre w\ld h yield$ #a1abj4 ,is ?is an av]age yield8 ,s f> f x1 !re are _m acres ( currants & gooseb]ries t d n pay exp5ses4 ,?us x c be se5 t ! scale ranges f m>vell\s prizes d[n to blanks & heavy losses2 b ! draw+ is n a game ( *ance1 b usually ! result ( skill & indu/ry1 or _! rev]se4 ,i might h giv5 _m examples ( l>ge1 & ev5 enorm\sly l>ge1 pr(its obta9$ "u exceptional circum/ances2 b !y t5d to mislead4 ,i write = ^? ^: he>ts prompt !m to co-"w ) nature1 & :o are mo/ happy :5 do+ h] bidd+ 9 ! breezy fields & g>d5s1 cont5t ) fair rew>ds1 in/ead ( be+ consum$ by ! gambl]'s gre$ = une>n$ gold4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i am decid$ly 9 favor ( high culture1 & ! mo/ g5]\s enri*+ ( ! soil2 conv9c$ t fruit gr[]s & f>m]s 9 g5]al w\ld make f> m money if !y sp5t ^u "o acre :at !y usually exp5d on ?ree4 ,9 a lat] *apt] w be f\nd an in/ance ( an exp5diture ( #cej p] acre on /rawb]ry l&1 & ! net pr(its obta9$ 7 proportionately l>ge4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,/rawb]ries3 ,,! ,,five ,,species ,,& ,,_! ,,hi/ory ,! consci5ti\s ,di$ri* ,knick]bock]1 t v5]at$ hi/orian f :om all good citiz5s ( ,new ,york obta9 ! fir/ impressions ( _! ance/ry1 felt t he _h no "r to *ronicle ! vicissitudes ( ,manhattan ,isl& until he _h fir/ acc\nt$ = ! univ]se ( :i* x is a "p4 ,equally ) ! important bit ( l& nam$1 ! /rawb]ry belongs to ! exi/+ cosmos1 & might be trac$ back to old *aos4 ,i ha/5 to re-assure ! dismay$ read]4 ,i %all n presume to foll[ "o :o c\ld illum9e 8 page ) g5ius1 & ^: ext5sive le>n+ enabl$ him to acc\nt = ! univ]se n m]ely 9 "o b 9 half a doz5 ways4 ,x is ! t5d5cy ( ! pres5t age to ask :at is1 n :at has be5 or %all be4 ,& yet1 on ! "p ( "s1 z !y delib]ately enjoy a sauc] ( /rawb]ries & cream1--x is a pleasure t we prolong = obvi\s reasons1--a languid curiosity may arise z to ! orig9 & hi/ory ( s delici\s a fruit4 ,i suppose ,mr4 ,d>w9 w\ld say1 x 0 evolv$4 ,b "s specim5s betwe5 our lips sugge/ t a ,g5eva wat* c\ld put itself toge!r q z readily4 ,at ! same "t1 x mu/ be said t our rude =efa!rs did n eat ,mon>* or ,*>les ,d[n+ /rawb]ries4 ,9 few fruits1 probably1 h !re be5 su* va/ *anges or improvem5ts z 9 ?is4 ,!re=e1 ,i %all answ] briefly & z well z ,i c1 9 view ( ! meagre data & conflict+ op9ions ( ! au?orities1 ! curiosity1 t ,i h imag9$ on "s faces4 ,^? :o c>e only = ! /rawb]ry ( to-day c easily skip a few pages4 ,if !re 7 z mu* d\bt ab\t a crop ( ?is fruit z conc]n+ ! orig9 ( its "n1 ! outlook w\ld be dismal1 inde$4 ,9 old ,saxon1 ! ^w 0 /reawb]ige or /re[b]rie2 & 0 s nam$1 says "o au?ority1 f ! /raw-l /ems ( ! plant1 or f ! b]ries ly+ /rewn ^u ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r au?ority tells u3 ,x is an old ,engli% practice 7let u hope a mod]n "o also7 to lay /raw betwe5 ! r[s to pres]ve ! fruit f rott+ on ! wet gr\nd1 f :i* ! "n has be5 suppos$ to be d]iv$2 al?\gh m probably x is f ! w&]+ habit ( ! plant1 /raw be+ a corruption ( ! ,anglo-,saxon /rae1 f :i* we h ! ,engli% v]b /ray4 ,aga9 tradition ass]ts t 9 ! old5 times *ildr5 /rung ! b]ries on /raws = sale1 & h5ce ! "n4 ,sev]al o!r causes h be5 sugge/$1 b ,i =be>4 ,i h nev] kn[n1 h[ev]1 a p]son to decl9e ! fruit on ! gr\nd ( ?is obscurity & d\bt4 7,controv]siali/s & sceptics please take note47 ,t ! /rawb]ry %\ld belong to ! rose family1 & t its botanical "n %\ld be frag>ia1 f ! ,lat9 fragro1 to smell sweetly1 w seem bo? natural & appropriate4 ,:ile = 8 k ( ! plant ,i ref] ! read] to e hillside & field 7w\ld t ,i might say1 to e g>d5671 !re is a peculi>ity 9 ! production ( ! fruit :i* %\ld n pass unnot$4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! small se$s scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! b]ry are ! fruit1 & x is to p]fect ^! se$s t ! plants blossom1 ! /am5s scatt]1 & ! pi/ils receive ! poll5 on ! convex receptacle1 :i*1 z ! se$s rip51 greatly enl>ges1 & becomes ! pulpy & delici\s mass t is popul>ly reg>d$ z ! fruit4 ,s f> f be+ ! fruit1 x is only ! mu* alt]$ end ( ! /em t su/a9s ! fruit or se$s2 & s x becomes a beautiful illu/ration ( a k9dly1 g5u9e c\rtesy1 :i* r5d]s an ord9>y s]vice ) s mu* grace & graci\sness t we dwell on ! mann] ) f> m pleasure ?an on ! s]vice itself4 ,! innum]able v>ieties ( /rawb]ries t are n[ 9 exi/5ce appe>1 ei!r 9 _! "* or orig91 to belong to five great & q di/9ct species4 ,! fir/1 & = a long "t ! only "o ( :i* we h any record1 is ! ,frag>ia vesca1 or ! ,alp9e /rawb]ry4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ widely spread fruits ( ! _w1 = x gr[s1 & = c5turies has gr[n1 wild ?r\gh\t ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,europe & ,asia1 foll[+ ! m\nta9s f> to ! s\?2 & on ?is cont95t1 f "t immemorial1 ! ,indian *ildr5 h ga!r$ x1 f ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,9 ,engl& ?is species exhibits "s v>iation f ! ,alp9e type1 & 0 call$ by our ance/ors ! ,wood /rawb]ry4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! two is 9 ! =m ( ! fruit1 ! ,wood v>ieties be+ r\nd & ! ,alp9e conical4 ,!y are also subdivid$ into :ite & r$1 annual & mon?ly v>ieties1 & ^? t produce no runn]s1 :i* are kn[n to-day z ,bu% ,alp9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,se$s ,,& ,,pulp ,,( ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,! ,alp9e1 z we f9d x gr[+ wild1 0 ! /rawb]ry ( ! anci5ts4 ,x is to x t ! sugge/ive l9es ( ,virgil ref]3-- ,ye boys t ga!r fl[]s & /rawb]ries1 ,lo1 hid )9 ! grass an add] lies4 ,!re is no pro(1 ,i believe1 t ! /rawb]ry 0 cultivat$ dur+ any ( ! e>li] civilizations4 ,"s :o wrote mo/ explicitly conc]n+ ! fruit culture ( _! "t d n m5tion x2 & ,virgil1 ,ovid1 & ,pl9y "n x b casually1 & ) no ref]5ce to its cultivation4 ,x may appe> a little /range t ! luxuri\s ,romans1 :o f$ on night+ales' tongues1 peacocks' bra9s1 & sc\r$ e>? & air = delicacies1 %\ld h giv5 b little att5tion to ?is fruit4 ,possibly !y e>ly le>n$ ! fact t ?is species is ess5tially a wildl+1 & l ! trail+ arbutus1 ?rives be/ 9 its natural haunts4 ,! be/ t grew c\ld be ga!r$ f m\nta9-slopes & 9 ! crevices ( rocks4 ,moreov]1 ^? old revell]s became too wick$ & s5sual to reli% ,alp9e /rawb]ries4 ,its cong5]1 ! ,wood /rawb]ry1 0 ! burd5 ( "o ( ! ,london /reet cries f\r hundr$ ye>s ago2 & to-day ! same cry1 9 "s language or o!r1 e*oes ar\nd ! nor!rn hemisph]e z "o ( ! inevitable & welcome s\nds ( spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,b few1 p]haps1 associate ?is lovely little fruit1 t is almo/ z delicate & %y z ! anemone1 ) trag$y2 & yet its *ief poetical associations are among ! d>ke/ & sadde/ t c be imag9$4 ,%akespe>e's m5tion ( ! /rawb]ry 9 ! play ( ,ri*>d ,,iii4 0 an unconsci\s b rem>kable illu/ration ( ! second l9e already quot$ f ,virgil3-- ,lo1 hid )9 ! grass an add] lies4 ,! bit ( hi/ory :i* is ! occasion ( ?is allusion is giv5 9 ! qua9t old ,engli% ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 :o ?us describes ! entrance to ! ,c\ncil ( ! t]rible ,protector1 f :om no?+ good or sacr$ c\ld be protect$4 ,he came fyr/e ab\t ,,ix ( ! clocke1 salut+ !m curtesly1 & excus+ himself t he _h be5 f !m s long1 saie+ m]ily t he _h be5 a slepe t day4 ,& aft] a little talk+ ) !m he said unto ! bi%op ( ,elye1 my "l1 ,y h v good /rawb]ries at y\r g>dayne 9 ,holb]ne1 ,i require y let u h a messe ( !m4 ,he :o has rais$ f9e fruit w "k h[ eag]ly ! flatt]$ bi%op obey$4 ,accord+ to ! poet1 ! dissembl] also leaves ! ap>tm5t1 ) 8 unscrupul\s ally1 ,buck+ham4 ,:]e is my "l protector8 ,i h s5t ,= ^! /rawb]ries1 said ! ,bi%op ( ,ely1 re-ent]+4 ,"l ,ha/+s looks ar\nd ) an air ( g5]al congratulation1 & rem>ks3-- ,8 grace looks *e]fully & smoo? ?is morn+2 ,!re's "s conceit or o!r likes him well4 ,! s]p5t is hidd51 b v ne>4 ,a mom5t lat]1 ,glo/] ent]s1 black z night1 hisses 8 mon/r\s *>ge1 & be=e noon ( t same day poor ,ha/+s is a headless corpse4 ,f> m sad & pitiful are ! sc5es recall$ by ! words ( ! fi5di% ,iago1--type = all "t ( ^? :o transmute love into jeal\sy3-- ,tell me b ?is-- ,h y n sometimes se5 a h&k]*ief1 ,spott$ ) /rawb]ries1 9 y\r wife's h&8 ,i gave h] su* a "o2 'twas my fir/ gift4 0 ! answ] ( a man :om ! _w w nev] =give1 9 spite ( 8 immeasurable remorse4 ,f ! poet ,sp5s] we le>n t to g a-/rawb]ry+ 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ pa/imes ( ! ,engli% p4 ,9 ! ,fa]ie ,que5 we f9d ^! l9es3-- ,"o day1 z !y all ?ree toge!r w5t ,to ! gre5 wood to ga!r /rawb]ries1 ,!re *aun/ to !m a dang]\s accid5t4 ,v old1 too is ! foll[+ nurs]y rhyme1 :i*1 nev]!less1 sugge/s ! true habitat ( ! ,f4 vesca species3-- ,! man ( ! wild]ness ask$ me ,h[ _m /rawb]ries grew 9 ! sea2 ,i answ]$ him1 z ,i ?\ght good1 ',z _m r$ h]r+s z grew 9 ! wood4' ,! ambrosial comb9ation ( /rawb]ries & cream 0 fir/ nam$ by ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 ,old ,?omas ,tuss]1 ( ! #af? c5tury1 9 8 "w1 ,five ,hundr$ ,po9ts ( ,good ,husb&ry unit$ to z _m ( ,good ,h\sewif]y1 turns ! /rawb]ry "q ov] to 8 wife1 & d\btless x 0 9 bett] h&s ?an 81 if 8 me?ods ( culture 7 z rude z 8 poetry3-- ,wife1 into ! g>d51 & set me a plot ,) /rawb]ry roots1 ( ! be/ to be got2 ,su*1 gr[+ abroad1 among ?orns 9 ! wood1 ,well *os5 & pick$ prove excell5t good4 ,:o ,dr4 ,botel] 01 or :at he did1 is unkn[n1 b he made a s5t5ti\s rem>k :i* l$ ,izaak ,walton to give him immortality 9 8 "w1 ,! ,compleat ,angl]4 ,inde$1 my good s*oll>1 ! s]5e ,izaak writes1 we may say ( angl+ z ,dr4 ,botel] said ( /rawb]ries1 ',d\btless ,god c\ld h made a bett] b]ry1 b d\btless ,god nev] did2' & s if ,i might be judge1 ,god nev] did make a m calm1 quiet1 innoc5t recreation ?an angl+4 ,if ?is 0 true ( ! wild ,wood /rawb]ry1 h[ mu* m s ( _m ( our aromatic rubies ( to-day4 ,john ,p>k9son1 ! apo!c>y-g>d5] ( ,london1 ^: qua9t "w 0 publi%$ 9 #afbi1 is n s en?usia/ic4 ,he says ( ! wild /rawb]ry3 ,x may be eat5 or *ew$ 9 ! m\? )\t any mann] ( (f5se2 x is no great be>]1 b ^? x do? be>e are set at ! toppes ( ! /alks1 close toge!r1 pleasant to behold1 & fit = a g5tlewoman to we> on h] arme1 c41 z a r>itie in/ead ( a fl[]4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! /rawb]ry leaf is "p ( ! insignia ( high rank1 s9ce x appe>s 9 ! coronets ( a duke1 m>quis1 & e>l4 ,he aspires to ! /rawb]ry leaves is a well-kn[n phrase abroad1 & ! idea occurs sev]al times 9 ! novels ( ,disraeli1 ! pres5t ,briti% ,premi]4 ,?ack]ay1 9 8 ,book ( ,snobs1 writes3 ,! /rawb]ry leaves on h] *>iot panels are engrav$ on h] lady%ip's he>t4 ,aft] all1 p]haps x is n /range t ! ,alp9e species %\ld be alli$ to "s d>k memories1 = x 0 ! only k9d kn[n :5 ! age 0 d>k5$ by passion & crime4 ,! "o o!r allusion to ! /rawb]ry 9 ,%akespe>e is peculi>ly appropriate to ! species "u consid]ation4 ,9 ! play ( ,h5ry ,v41 an e>li] ,bi%op ( ,ely says3-- ,! /rawb]ry gr[s und]nea? ! nettle1 ,& :olesome b]ries ?rive & rip5 be/ ,neighbor$ by fruit ( bas] quality4 ,& ?is1 probably1 is /ill true1 = ! ,alp9e & ,wood /rawb]ries t5d to reproduce !mselves ) su* unv>y+ exactness t cultivation makes b little diff]5ce4 ,all ^! allusions apply to ! ,f4 vesca or ,alp9e species1 & little advance 0 made 9 /rawb]ry culture 9 ,europe until aft] ! introduction ( o!r species m capable ( v>iation & improvem5t4 ,/ill1 attempts 7 made f "t to "t4 ,z ! ,alp9e diff]$ some:at f ! ,wood /rawb]ry1 !y 7 br\ght to ,engl& ab\t #bjj ye>s lat] ?an ! trag$y ( ,"l ,ha/+s' dea?1 :i* has be5 ref]r$ to4 ,9 connection ) ! ,:ite & ,r$ ,wood & ,alp9e /rawb]ries1 we f9d 9 #afbc ! "n ( ! ,hautbois or ,ha>be] /rawb]ry1 ! ,frag>ia elatior ( ! botani/s4 ,?is second species1 a native ( ,g]many1 resembles ! ,alp9e 9 "s respects1 b is a l>g] & /ocki] plant4 ,l ! ,frag>ia vesca1 its fruit-/alks are erect & long] ?an ! leaves1 b ! latt] are l>g] ?an ! foliage ( ! ,alp9e1 & are cov]$ ) %ort hairs1 bo? on ! upp] & "u surface1 :i* give !m a r\gh appe>ance4 ,z f> z ,i c le>n1 ?is species /ill fur!r resembles ! ,alp9es 9 possess+ little capability ( improvem5t & v>iation4 ,ev5 at ?is late day ! v>i\s nam$ k9ds are said to diff] f ea* o!r b slightly4 ,!re is a v m>k$ contra/1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! fruit ( ! ,hautbois & ,alp9e species1 = ! =m] has a peculi> musky flavor :i* has nev] f\nd mu* favor 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a comp>atively r>e fruit 9 our g>d5s1 nor d we f9d mu* said ( x 9 ! pa/4 ,!re is sc>cely any record ( progress until aft] ! introduction ( ! two great ,am]ican species4 ,x is true t 9 #affj a fruit gr[] at ,montreuil1 ,france1 is said to h produc$ a new v>iety f ! se$ ( ! ,wood /rawb]ry1 :i* 0 call$ ! ,cappron1 & aft]w>d ! ,fressant4 ,x 0 nam$ z a di/9ct v>iety "o hundr$ ye>s lat]1 b x may be d\bt$ :e!r x diff]$ greatly f its p>5t4 ,be ?is z x may1 x is said to be ! fir/ improv$ v>iety ( :i* !re is any record4 ,e>ly 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 int]c\rse ) ?is cont95t l$ to ! introduction ( ! mo/ valuable species 9 exi/5ce1 ! ,virg9ian /rawb]ry 7,frag>ia ,virg9iana71 :i* gr[s wild f ! ,arctic regions to ,florida1 & we/w>d to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,x is fir/ nam$ 9 ! catalogue ( ,jean ,rob91 botani/ to ,l\is ,,xiii41 9 #afbd4 ,dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ( its c>e] 9 ,engl&1 x 0 n appreciat$1 b z its wond]ful capacity = v>iation & improvem5t--9 :i* x =m$ s m>k$ a contra/ to ! ,wood /rawb]ry--0 discov]$1 x began to receive ! att5tion x des]v$4 ,engli% g>d5]s le>n$ ! fact1 ( :i* we are mak+ s mu* to-day1 t by simply s[+ its se$s1 new & possibly bett] v>ieties c\ld be produc$4 ,f t "t & =w>d1 ! t5d5cy has increas$ to orig9ate1 "n & s5d out innum]able se$l+s1 ! majority ( :i* soon pass into oblivion1 :ile a few survive & become popul>1 usually 9 proportion to _! m]it4 ,! ,frag>ia ,virg9iana1 !re=e1 ! common wild /rawb]ry t is f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 is ! p>5t ( n9e-t5?s ( ! v>ieties gr[n 9 our g>d5s2 & its improv$ desc5dants furni% ne>ly all ( ! /rawb]ries ( our m>kets4 ,z we h se51 ! ,frag>ia vesca1 or ! ,alp9e species ( ,europe1 is sub/antially ! same to-day z x 0 a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,b ! capacity ( ! ,virg9ian /rawb]ry = *ange & improvem5t is %[n by ^? great l&m>ks 9 ! ,am]ican culture ( ?is fruit1--! production ( ,hovey's ,se$l+ by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 ( ,cambridge1 ,mass41 =ty-five ye>s s9ce2 ( ! ,wilson's ,albany ,se$l+1 orig9at$ by ,john ,wilson1 ( ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 &1 9 our own "t1 ( ! sup]b v>ieties1 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 ,se? ,boyd51 ,*>les ,d[n+1 & ,%>pless4 ,z 9 ! ,alp9e species !re are two di/9ct /ra9s1--! ,alp9e ( ! ,cont95t1 & ! ,wood /rawb]ry ( ,engl&1--s 9 ! wild ,virg9ian species !re are two bran*es ( ! family1--! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n4 ,! diff]5ces are s m>k$ t "s writ]s h ass]t$ t !re are two species2 b we h ! au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,gray = say+ t ! ,we/]n1 or ,frag>ia ,ill9c5sis1 is p]haps a di/9ct species1 & he classifies x z only a v m>k$ v>iety4 ,!re are b two m species ( ! /rawb]ry g5us4 ,( ! fir/ ( ^!1 ! ,frag>ia ,indica1 or ,indian /rawb]ry1 !re is little to say4 ,x is a native ( ,nor!rn ,india1 & diff]s s mu* f ! o!r species t x 0 =m]ly nam$ z a di/9ct g5us4 ,x has yell[ fl[]s1 & is a %[y h\se-plant1 especially = w9d[-baskets1 b ! fruit is dry & ta/eless4 ,x is said by ,pr(essor ,gray to h escap$ cultivation & become wild 9 "s localities ( ?is c\ntry4 ,frag>ia ,*il5sis is ! la/ great species or subdivision t we n[ h to consid]4 ,l ! ,f4 ,virg9iana1 x is a native ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 & yet we h le>n$ to associate x almo/ :olly ) ,europe4 ,x gr[s wild on ! ,pacific slope1 f ,oregon to ,*ili1 creep+ high] & high] up ! m\nta9s z its habitat approa*es ! equator4 ,x is a l>ge1 robu/ species1 ) v firm1 ?ick leaflets1 s(t & silky on ! "u side4 ,! fl[]s are l>g] ?an 9 ! o!r species2 ! fruit1 also1 9 its native condition1 av]ages mu* l>g]1 /&s erect in/ead ( hang+1 rip5s late1 is rose-color$1 firm & sweet 9 fle%1 & does n require z mu* heat to develop its sac*>9e con/itu5ts2 b x lacks ! peculi> sprightl9ess & aroma ( ! ,virg9ia /rawb]ry4 ,x has become1 h[ev]1 ! favorite /ock ( ! ,european g>d5]s1 & seems bett] adapt$ to transatlantic climate & soil ?an to ours4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ! ,frag>ia ,*il5sis1 or ,s\? ,am]ican /rawb]ry1 says ,mr4 ,full]1 is by ,m4 ,frezi]1 :o1 9 #agaf1 9 8 j\rney to ! ,s\? ,sea1 f\nd x at ! foot ( ! ,cordill]a m\nta9s ne> ,quito1 & c>ri$ x home to ,m>seilles1 ,france4 ,at t "t x 0 call$ ! ,*ili /rawb]ry1 & ! ,spani>ds said t !y br\ght x f ,mexico4 ,f ,mr4 ,w4 ,collett ,s&>s1 an ,engli% antiqu>ian1 ,i le>n$ t sev5 plants 7 %ipp$ f ,*ili & 7 kept alive dur+ ! voyage by wat] :i* ,m4 ,frezi] sav$ f 8 all[ance1 mu* limit$ ow+ to a %ortness ( supply4 ,he gave two ( ! plants to ,m4 de ,jessieu1 :o cultivat$ !m ) fair success 9 ! royal g>d5s4 ,9 #agbg1 ! ,*ili /rawb]ry 0 introduc$ to ,engl&1 b n be+ und]/ood x did n w9 mu* favor4 ,mr4 ,full] fur!r /ates3 ,we d n le>n f any ( ! old ,fr5* works t new v>ieties 7 rais$ f ! ,*ili /rawb]ry = at lea/ fifty ye>s aft] its introduction4 ,du*esne1 9 #agff1 says t ,mill] consid]$ its cultivation ab&on$ 9 ,engl& on acc\nt ( its /]ility4 ,! importations f o!r portions ( ,s\? ,am]ica appe>$ to h met ) bett] success2 &1 e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 new v>ieties ( ! ,f4 ,*il5sis1 z well z ( ! ,virg9iana1 became q abundant 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t4 ,if we may judge f ! *>act]i/ics ( ! v>ieties import$ to ?is c\ntry ( late ye>s1 ! ,s\? ,am]ican species has tak5 ! lead decid$ly abroad1 & has become ! p>5t /ock f :i* =eign culturi/s1 9 ! ma91 are seek+ to develop ! ideal /rawb]ry4 ,b 9 all its trans=mations1 & aft] all ! attempts to infuse into x ! /urdi] life ( ! ,virg9ian /rawb]ry1 x /ill rememb]s its bir?place1 & falt]s & (t5 dies 9 ! sev]e cold ( our w9t]s1 or1 :at is /ill worse1 ! heat & dr\ght ( our summ]s4 ,z a species1 x requires ! high & c>eful culture t !y are able & will+ to give x 9 ,europe4 ,! majority ( import$ v>ieties h fail$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b a few h become ju/ly popul> 9 regions :]e !y c be gr[n4 ,! ,triomphe de ,g& may be giv5 z an example1 & 7 ,i re/rict$ to "o v>iety ,i %\ld take ?is4 ,! ,jucunda1 also1 is "o ( ! mo/ sup]b b]ries 9 exi/5ce2 & c be gr[n ) great pr(it 9 _m localities4 ,?us ! two great species :i* to-day are furni%+ n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ! /rawb]ries ( comm]ce & ( ! g>d51 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad1 came f ,am]ica1 ! ,frag>ia ,*il5sis rea*+ our ,ea/]n ,/ates by ! way ( ,europe1 & 9 ! =m ( ! improv$ & cultivat$ v>ieties t h won a "n abroad4 ,we are cross+ ! importations ) our own native /ock4 ,presid5t ,wild]'s sup]b se$l+1 :i* has receiv$ 8 "n1 is an example ( ?is bl5d+ process4 ,?is b]ry is a *ild ( ! ,la ,con/ante & ,hovey's ,se$l+1 &1 !re=e1 9 ?is "o beautiful & mo/ delici\s v>iety we h unit$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! two *ief /rawb]ry species ( ! _w1 ! ,f4 ,virg9iana & ,f4 ,*il5sis4 ,x w be se5 t ! great law ( race ext5ds ev5 to /rawb]ry plants4 ,z 9 ! mo/ ref9$ & cultivat$ peoples !re is a /ra9 ( ! old native /ock1 :i* ev] rema9s1 a s\rce ( weakness or /r5g?1 & w surely %[ itself 9 c]ta9 em]g5cies1 s ! sup]b new v>ieties ( /rawb]ries1 ! late/ products ( horticultural skill1 spe$ily indicate 9 ! r\gh-&-tumble ( ord9>y culture :e!r !y h d]iv$ _! life f ! h>dy ,f4 ,virg9iana or ! t5d] & fa/idi\s ,f4 ,*il5sis4 ,! ,mon>* ( ! ,we/ & ! ,jucunda are ! patricians ( ! g>d51 & on ! heavy portions ( my l& at ,cornwall ,i c sc>cely say to :i* ,i give ! pref]5ce4 ,b ! ,mon>* is ,anglo-,saxon & ! ,jucunda is ( a ,lat9 race2 or to drop metaphor1 ! =m] comes ( a species t c adapt itself to conditions extremely v>i$1 & ev5 v unfavorable1 & ! latt] _c4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,ideal ,,/eawb]ries ,,v]sus ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,field ,,& ,,m>ket ,!re are c]ta9 /rong1 co>se-fe$+ vegetables1 l corn & potatoes1 t c be gr[n on ! half-subdu$ & comp>atively poor soil ( ! field2 b no g>d5] w\ld ?9k ( plant+ ! f9] & m delicate sorts 9 su* situations4 ,!re are b few :o d n "k t !y c raise caulifl[]s & egg-plants only on deep1 ri* l&4 ,! p>allel holds good ) ?is fruit4 ,!re are /rawb]ries t w gr[ almo/ any:]e1 & "u any circum/ances1 & !re is ano!r class t dem&s ! be/ gr\nd & culture4 ,b f ! soil ( a good g>d51 ) a little pa9s1 we c obta9 ! f9e/ fruit 9 exi/5ce2 & !re is no occasion to plant ^? k9ds :i* are gr[n = m>ket solely because !y are productive1 & h>d en\gh to endure c>riage = a long di/ance4 ,! only transportation to be consid]$ is f ! g>d5 to ! table1 & !re=e we c make table qualities our *ief conc]n4 ,if our soil is light & s&y1 we c raise successfully "o class ( *oice1 high-flavor$ v>ieties2 if heavy1 ano!r class4 ,_m worry ov] a =lorn1 we$y b$ ( "s inf]ior v>iety t sc>cely gives a week's supply1 :51 ) no m tr\ble ?an is requir$ to obta9 a crop ( cel]y1 l>ge1 delici\s b]ries might be enjoy$ daily1 = six weeks toge!r1 f tw5ty diff]5t k9ds4 ,! /rawb]ry ( comm]ce is a mu* m difficult problem4 ,! pres5t unsatisfactory condition ( affairs 0 admirably express$ 9 ! foll[+ editorial 9 ! ,ev5+ ,po/ ( ,june #ab1 #ahgf1 f ! p5 ( ! late ,william ,cull5 ,bryant3-- ,,/rawb]ries ,9 g5]al1 an improvem5t has be5 obs]v$ ( late 9 ! quality ( fruit4 ,we h m & f9] v>ieties ( apple2 ! pe> is mu* bett] 9 g5]al ?an x 0 t5 ye>s s9ce2 ( ! grape !re are _m new & excell5t v>ieties :i* ! m>ket knew no?+ ( a few ye>s ago1 & !re are "s excell5t v>ieties ( ! raspb]ry lately introduc$4 ,b ! /rawb]ry has decid$ly det]iorat$1 & ! result is ow+ to ! g5]al culture ( ,wilson's ,albany = ! m>ket4 ,wilson's ,albany is a s\r1 crude b]ry1 :i* is n fully ripe :5 x is p]fectly r$1 & ev5 :5 p]fectly ripe is /ill too acid4 ,:5 x fir/ makes its appe>ance 9 ! m>ket1 x has an exce$+ly h>% flavor & v little ( ! agreeable aroma :i* di/+ui%es ! f9] k9ds ( ! b]ry4 ,if n eat5 v sp>+ly1 x disagrees ) ! /oma*1 & y wake ) a colic ! next morn+4 ,be=e ,wilson's /rawb]ry came into vogue !re 7 _m o!r k9ds :i* 7 sweet] & ( a m agreeable flavor4 ,b ! ,wilson is a h>d b]ry1 :i* be>s transportation well2 x is exce$+ly prolific & altoge!r h>dy1--qualities :i* give x great favor ) ! cultivator1 b = :i* ! consum] suff]s4 ,! prop] way ( deal+ 9 /rawb]ries is to fix ! prices accord+ to ! quality ( ! sort4 ,?is is ! way !y d 9 ! m>kets ( ,p>is4 ,a poor sort1 al?\gh ! b]ry may be l>ge1 is sold *eap2 ! m delicate k9ds--! sweet1 juicy1 & high-flavor$--are dispos$ ( at a high] price4 ,"h ! ,wilson %\ld be sold ! *eape/ ( all1 :ile su* z ! ,jucunda & ! ,presid5t ,wild] %\ld be> a price correspond+ to _! excell5ce4 ,we hope1 = our "p1 t ! ,wilsons w1 z soon z _! place c be suppli$ by a bett] b]ry1 be bani%$ f ! m>ket4 ,x c surely be no difficult ?+ to obta9 a sort by cross+1 :i* %all be> transportation equally well1 & %all n deceive ! pur*as] ) ! appe>ance ( rip5ess4 ,! read] w p]ceive t ,mr4 ,bryant has portray$ bo? ! evil & ! rem$y4 ,! public ju/ly compla9s ( ! /rawb]ry ( comm]ce1 b x has n foll[$ ! sugge/ion 9 ! editorial & dem&$ a bett] article1 ev5 ?\gh x mu/ be furni%$ at a high] price4 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( all t is said & writt5 annually aga9/ ! ,wilson1 x /ill ma9ta9s its supremacy z ! m>ket b]ry4 ,^? :o reside ne> ! city & c make1 to "s ext5t1 special arrangem5ts ) enlight5$ cu/om]s1 f9d o!r v>ieties m pr(itable1 ev5 ?\gh ! yield f !m is less & "s are lo/ f lack ( keep+ qualities4 ,b ^? :o s5d f a consid]able di/ance1 & mu/ take _! *ances 9 ! g5]al m>ket1 p]si/ 9 rais+ ! s\r1 crude b]ry1 :i* is r$ be=e x is ripe1 & h>d en\gh to /& ! r\gh usage :i* x is almo/ c]ta9 to receive f ! h&s ?r\gh :i* x passes4 ,i d n expect to see ! day :5 ! ,wilson1 or "s b]ry l x1 is n ! /aple supply ( ! m>ket2 al?\gh ,i hope & ?9k x w be improv$ ^u4 ,b let x be und]/ood g5]ally t !y are ,wilsons1--! *eap v9 ord9aire ( /rawb]ries4 ,cities w ev] be flood$ ) v>ieties t anybody c gr[ "u almo/ any k9d ( culture2 & no d\bt x is bett] t !re %\ld be an abundance ( su* fruit r ?an none at all4 ,b a delicately organiz$ man1 l ,mr4 ,bryant1 _c eat !m2 & ^? :o h enjoy$ ! g5u9e /rawb]ries ( ! g>d5 w n4 ,! numb] ( p1 h[ev]1 ) ! dige/ion ( an o/ri*1 is enorm\s1 & 9 multitudes ( homes ,wilsons1 ev5 :5 half-ripe1 mu/y1 & /ale1 are dev\r$ ) unalloy$ delight1 "u ! illusion t !y are /rawb]ries4 ,if g5u9e /rawb]ries are want$1 ! pur*as] mu/ dem& !m1 pay = !m1 & refuse s\r1 crude b]ries4 ,! rem$y is solely 9 ! h&s ( ! consum]s4 ,if p w\ld pay no m = ,seckel ?an = ,*oke pe>s1 ,*oke pe>s w\ld be ! only ones 9 m>ket1 = !y c be furni%$ ) ! lea/ co/ & tr\ble4 ,x is ! lack ( discrim9ation t leaves our m>kets s b>e ( f9e-flavor$ fruit4 ,:at ! gr[] & ! groc] are seek+ is a h>d b]ry1 :i*1 if n sold spe$ily1 w keep ov]4 ,let citiz5s cle>ly recognize ! tru?1--t !re are sup]b1 delici\s b]ries1 l ! ,triomphe1 ,mon>*1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,boyd51 & _m o!rs1 & insi/ on be+ suppli$ ) !m1 j z !y insi/ on good butt] & good meats1 & ! problem is solv$4 ,! dem& w create ! supply2 ! fruit m]*ant w write to 8 c\ntry correspond5ts3 ,y mu/ s5d f9e-flavor$ b]ries4 ,my trade w n take any o!rs1 & ,i c return y m money = half ! quantity ( fruit if x is good4 ,! mo/ /olid ( gr[]s w\ld soon take su* a h9t4 ,moreov]1 let ! patrons ( high-pric$ hotels & re/aurants indignantly ord] away s\r1 crude b]ries1 z !y w\ld any o!r inf]ior vi&1 & cat]]s w\ld !n cease to palm (f ,wilsons = fir/-class /rawb]ries4 ,if ^! sugge/ions 7 c>ri$ out g5]ally1 ! "* ( ! ,new ,york /rawb]ry m>ket w\ld spe$ily be *ang$4 ,x is my impression t1 )9 a few ye>s1 only ^? :o are able to raise l>ge1 f9e-flavor$ fruit w secure v pr(itable returns4 ,moreov]1 we are 9 a transition /ate 9 respect to v>ieties1 & !re are scores ( new k9ds j com+ be=e ! public1 ( :i* wond]ful ?+s are claim$4 ,i %all te/ ne>ly a hundr$ ( ^! dur+ ! com+ season1 b am satisfi$ 9 advance t n9e-t5?s ( !m w be disc>d$ )9 a brief p]iod4 ,inde$1 ,i d\bt :e!r ! ideal /rawb]ry1 t %all conc5trate e excell5ce )9 its "o juicy sph]e1 ev] w be discov]$ or orig9at$4 ,we %all always h to make a *oice1 z we d 9 fri5ds1 = _! sev]al good qualities & _! p[] to please our individual ta/es4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o p]fect /rawb]ry 9 exi/5ce1--! /rawb]ry ( memory1--! little wildl+s t we ga!r$ p]haps1 ) ^? ov] :om ! wild /rawb]ry is n[ gr[+4 ,we w admit no fault 9 x1 & al?\gh we may no long] seek = ?is favorite fruit ( our *ildhood1 ) ! f9e/ specim5s ( ! g>d5 be=e u we sigh = ^? b]ries t grew on "s f>-(f hillside 9 ye>s /ill f>!r away4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,*oice ,,( ,,soil ,,& ,,location ,! *oice t ,tobias ,hobson impos$ on 8 patrons :5 he compell$ !m to take ! horse ne>e/ to ! /able-door or none at all1 is "o t1 9 pr9ciple1 we (t5 h to make 9 select+ our /rawb]ry-gr\nd4 ,we mu/ use su* z we h1 or raise no b]ries4 ,& yet x has be5 said t ) no o!r fruit d soil & locality make s great diff]5ces4 ,:ile ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ?is is tru] ( ! raspb]ry1 x is also ?or\ghly e/abli%$ t location & ! native qualities ( ! soil are among ! fir/ & *ief consid]ations 9 work+ out ! problem ( success ) /rawb]ries4 ,especially %\ld su* =e?\ght be giv5 9 select+ a soil suit$ to ! v>ieties we wi% to raise4 ,d4 ,?urb]1 editor ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 /ates ?is tru? emphatically4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahge1 he wrote3 ,all talk ab\t /rawb]ries mu/ be ) ref]5ce to p>ticul> soils4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 !re 7 exhibit$ 9 our (fice w9d[s sev]al successive lots ( ! ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 :i* 7 imm5se z to size & wond]ful z to productiv5ess4 ,?is same ,mon>* behav$ 9 s unk+ly a mann] on our gr\nds 7v light & s&y 9 _! nature7 t he w\ld h be5 depos$ _h we n se5 ^! b]ries1 = x 0 q inf]ior to ei!r ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,se? ,boyd51 or ,k5tucky4 ,x is a g5]ally admitt$ fact t ! v be/ soil1 & ! "o adapt$ to ! l>ge/ numb] ( v>ieties1 is a deep s&y loam1 moi/1 b n wet 9 its natural /ate4 ,all ! k9ds ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ w d well on su* l& if x is prop]ly deep5$ & enri*$4 ,!re=e1 we %\ld select su* gr\nd if we h x on our places1 & ^? propos+ to buy l& ) a view to ?is indu/ry w\ld d well to secure f ! />t "o ( ! be/ conditions ( success4 ,x is ( vital importance t our /rawb]ry fields be ne> good %ipp+ facilities1 & t !re be suffici5t population 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity to furni% pick]s 9 abundance4 ,x w be f> bett] to pay a mu* high] price = l&--ev5 inf]ior l&--ne> a village & a railroad depot1 ?an to attempt to gr[ ^! p]i%able fruits 9 regions too remote4 ,a wat] communication ) m>ket is1 ( c\rse1 pref]able to any o!r4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! "q ( h>ve/+ & %ipp+ to m>ket1 !n obta9 ! moi/1 loamy l& describ$ above1 if possible4 ,su* gr\nd w make j z g5]\s & satisfactory returns 9 ! home g>d51 & by develop+ its be/ capabilities ! amateur c atta9 results t w delight 8 he>t & amaze 8 neighbors4 ,%all ! fact t we h no su* soil1 & _c obta9 x1 disc\rage u8 ,n at all6 ,!re are *oice v>ieties t w gr[ 9 ! extremes ( s& or clay4 ,m ef=t w be requir$1 b skill & in=mation c /ill secure success2 & advantages ( location1 climate1 & ne>ness to good m>kets may m ?an c\nt]balance natural defici5cies 9 ! l&4 ,besides1 !re is almo/ z solid a satisfaction 9 trans=m+ a bit ( ! wild]ness into a g>d5 z 9 re=m+ & educat+ a crude or evil specim5 ( humanity4 ,!re=e if "o f9ds himself 9 an unfavorable climate1 & %ut up to ! *oice ( l& ! rev]se ( a deep1 moi/1 s&y loam1 let him pit 8 bra9 & muscle aga9/ all ob/acles4 ,if ! "q 7 ask$1 ,is !re any?+ t comes f ! g>d5 bett] lik$ ?an a di% ( /rawb]ries8 9 n9e in/ances out ( t5 ! answ] w\ld be1 ,no?+1 ev5 ?\gh s\r ,wilsons 7 gr[n2 & yet1 too (t5 ! b$ is 9 a neglect$ corn] & half %ad$ by trees1 :ile /rong-gr[+ vegetables occupy ! moi/1 op5 spaces4 ,x is h>dly rational to put ! favorite ( ! g>d5 :]e1 at be/1 a p>tial failure is c]ta94 ,let x be well und]/ood t /rawb]ries _c be made to d well on gr\nd exhau/$ by ! roots & cov]$ by ! %ade ( trees4 ,on _m f>ms & ev5 9 "s g>d5s !re are sev]al v>ieties ( soil4 ,)9 ! area ( an acre ,i h a s&y loam1 a gravelly hillside1 l[1 black1 alluvial l&1 & a v /iff1 cold1 wet clay4 ,su* div]sity does n (t5 occur )9 s limit$ a space1 b on multitudes ( places correspond+ diff]5ces exi/4 ,9 su* in/ances1 conditions suit$ to e v>iety c be f\nd1 & read+ & exp]i5ce w tea* ! cultivator to locate 8 sev]al k9ds j :]e !y w give ! be/ results4 ,moreov]1 by plac+ e>ly k9ds on w>m1 sunny slopes1 & giv+ late v>ieties moi/1 heavy l&1 & cool1 nor!rn exposures1 ! season ( ?is delici\s fruit c be prolong$ greatly4 ,! advantage ( a long-cont9u$ supply = ! family is obvi\s1 b x is (t5 ev5 m important to ^? ^: income is dep5d5t on ?is indu/ry4 ,x frequ5tly occurs t ! m>ket is glutt$ ) b]ries = a brief "t 9 ! height ( ! season4 ,if ! crop matures 9 ! ma9 at su* a "t1 ! "o *ance ( ! ye> passes1 leav+ b a small m>g9 ( pr(it2 :]eas1 if ! gr[] _h prolong$ 8 season1 by a c>eful selection ( soils z well z ( v>ieties1 he might sell a l>ge portion ( 8 fruit :5 x 0 sc>ce & high4 ,climate is also a v important consid]ation1 & ent]s l>gely into ! problem ( success f ,ma9e to ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,ea* region has its advantages & disadvantages1 & ^! %\ld be e/imat$ be=e ! pur*as] takes ! f9al /eps :i* commit him to a locality & me?ods ( culture :i* may n prove to 8 ta/e4 ,9 ! f> ,nor?1 %elt]$ situations & light1 w>m l& %\ld be *os5 = ! ma9 crop2 b 9 our latitude1 & s\?w>d1 x %\ld always be our aim to avoid t h>dness & dryness ( soil t cut %ort ! crops & hopes ( s _m cultivators4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,enri*+ ,,! ,,soil ,hav+ f *oice or necessity decid$ on ! gr\nd on :i* our future /rawb]ries are to gr[1 ! next /ep is to prep>e ! soil4 ,! fir/ & mo/ natural "q w be3 ,:at is ! *ief ne$ ( ?is plant8 ,_m prep>e _! gr\nd 9 a vague1 indef9ite way4 ,let u prep>e = /rawb]ries4 ,:e!r x gr[s ,nor? or ,s\?1 ,ea/ or ,we/1 ! /rawb]ry plant is ! same1 & has c]ta9 con/itutional traits & requirem5ts1 :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly fix$ 9 our m9ds4 ,modifications ( treatm5t made necess>y by v>i\s soils & climates are !n n only easily le>n$ b also easily und]/ood4 ,:5 ask$1 on "o occasion1 :at 0 ! *ief requirem5t 9 successful /rawb]ry culture1 ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild] repli$ sub/antially 9 ! foll[+ piquant mann]3-- ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /rawb]ry's *ief ne$ is a great deal ( wat]4 ,9 ! second place1 x ne$s m wat]4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ,i ?9k ,i w\ld give x a great deal m wat]4 ,! m ext5d$ & full my exp]i5ce becomes1 ! less exagg]ation ,i f9d 9 8 words4 ,! foll[+ /rong confirmation ( ,presid5t ,wild]'s op9ion may be f\nd 9 ,?ompson's ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant1 a /&>d ,engli% "w3-- ,gr\nd t is apt to get v dry f ! effects ( only t5 days' or a =tnight's dr\ght is n suitable1 on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s quantity ( wat] t w be necess>y2 & if once ! plants beg9 to flag = want ( moi/ure1 ! crop is all b lo/4 ,a soil t is naturally some:at moi/1 b n too wet1 answ]s well2 & :]e ! l& has admitt$ ( irrigation1 we h se5 heavy crops produc$ e ye>4 ,if ?is be true 9 ,engl&1 ) its humid climate1 h[ mu* m emphatically %\ld we /ate ! importance ( ?is requirem5t 9 our l& ( long dr\ghts & scor*+ suns4 ,moi/ure1 !n1 is ! /rawb]ry's fir/ & *ief ne$4 ,)\t x1 ! be/ f]tiliz]s become injuri\s r ?an helpful4 ,!re=e1 9 ! prep>ation ( ! soil & its subsequ5t cultivation1 !re %\ld be a con/ant ef=t to secure & ma9ta9 moi/ure1 & ! failure to d ?is is ! *ief cause ( meagre crops4 ,& yet1 v probably1 ! fir/ /ep absolutely necess>y to accompli% ?is w be a ?or\gh sy/em ( und]dra9age4 ,i h sp5t hundr$s ( doll>s 9 su* labors1 & x 0 z truly my object to enable ! gr\nd to endure dr\ght z to escape undue wetness4 ,let x be und]/ood t x is moi/ & n wet l& t ! /rawb]ry requires4 ,if wat] /&s or /agnates ^u or a little bel[ ! surface1 ! soil becomes s\r1 heavy1 lifeless2 & if clay is pres5t1 x w bake l pott]y 9 dry wea!r1 & sugge/ ! ,sl\gh ( ,despond 9 wet4 ,disappo9tm5t1 failure1 & miasma are ! c]ta9 products ( su* unreg5]ate regions1 b1 z is (t5 ! case ) repress$ & tr\blesome p1 ! evil traits ( su* soil result f a lack ( balance1 & a p]v]sion ( :at is good4 ,! und]dra9 re/ores ! prop] equilibrium2 ! bru%-hook & axe cut away ! rank un:olesome gr[? :i* ?rives be/ 9 abnormal conditions4 ,sun1 air1 & purify+ fro/s mell[ & sweet5 ! damp1 heavy mal>i\s gr\nd1 z ! pl[%>e lifts x out ( its l[ e/ate4 ,a swamp1 or any approa* to "o1 is l a ,new ,york t5em5t-h\se di/rict1 & requires analog\s treatm5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we h mell[ upl& ) natural dra9age1 let u fir/ put t 9 ord] t we may h a remun]ative crop z soon z possible4 ,9 sugge/+1 !re=e1 ! be/ me?ods ( prep>+ & enri*+ ! gr\nd1 ,i w beg9 by consid]+ soils t are already 9 ! mo/ favorable conditions1 & t require ! lea/ labor & outlay4 ,man receiv$ 8 mo/ ess5tial agricultural in/ruction 9 ! op5+ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 :]e9 he is comm&$ to subdue ! e>?4 ,ev5 ! mell[ we/]n prairie is at fir/ a wild1 untam$ ?+1 t mu/ be subdu$4 ,?is is (t5 a simple process1 & 9 our g>d5s & ! great] "p ( _m f>ms has already be5 practically accompli%$4 ,:]e ! deep1 moi/ loam1 j describ$1 exi/s1 ! =tunate own] has only to turn x up to ! sun & give x a ye> ( ord9>y cultivation1 tak+ f x1 9 ! process1 "s pr(itable ho$ crop t w effectually kill ! grass1 & 8 l& is ready = /rawb]ries4 ,if 8 gr\nd is 9 condition to give a good crop ( corn1 x w also give a fair crop ( b]ries4 ,if ! g>d5 is s f> subdu$ z to yield kit*5 vegetables1 ! /rawb]ry may be plant$ at once1 ) ! prospect ( excell5t returns1 unless prop] culture is neglect$4 ,%\ld ! read] be cont5t ) m$iocrity1 !re is sc>cely any?+ to be said :]e ! conditions are s favorable4 ,b suppose "o is n cont5t ) m$iocrity4 ,!n ?is highly favor$ soil is b ! vantage-gr\nd f :i* skill ent]s on a c\rse ( ?or\gh prep>ation & high culture4 ,a man may pl[1 h>r[1 & set ) /rawb]ries ! l& t 0 plant$ ! previ\s ye> 9 corn1 & probably secure a remun]ative return1 ) little m tr\ble or co/ ?an 0 exp5d$ on ! corn4 ,or1 he may select half ! area t 0 9 corn1 pl[ x deeply 9 ,octob]1 & if he detects traces ( ! :ite grub1 cross-pl[ x aga9 j z ! gr\nd is beg9n+ to freeze4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ he c cov] ! surface ) "s f]tiliz]--!re is no?+ bett] ?an a rott$ compo/ ( muck & b>n-y>d manure--at ! proportion ( =ty or fifty tons to ! acre4 ,pl[ & cross-pl[ aga91 & 9 ea* in/ance let ! fir/ team be foll[$ by a subsoil or lift+ pl[1 :i* /irs & loos5s ! sub/ratum )\t br++ x to ! surface4 ,! half ( ! field prep>$ 9 su* a ?or\gh mann] w probably yield ?ree times ! am\nt ( fruit t c\ld be ga!r$ f ! :ole area "u ord9>y treatm5t2 & if ! "r v>ieties are gr[n1 & a good m>ket is )9 rea*1 ! money receiv$ w be 9 a high] ratio4 ,! pr9ciple ( g5]\s & ?or\gh prep>ation may be c>ri$ /ill fur!r 9 ! g>d51 & its soil1 already ri* & mell[1 may be cov]$ to ! dep? ( sev]al in*es ) well-rott$ compo/ or any =m ( b>n-y>d manure t is n too co>se & full ( heat1 & ?is may be incorporat$ ) ! e>? by tr5*+ to ! dep? ( two feet4 ,( ?is be c]ta91 ! /rawb]ry roots w g z deeply z ! soil is prep>$ & enri*$ = !m1 & ! result 9 abundant & enorm\s fruit w be comm5surate4 ,engli% g>d5]s advise tr5*+ ev5 to ! dep? ( ?ree feet1 :]e ! gr\nd p]mits x4 ,few soils c be f\nd s deep & ri* by nature t !y _c be improv$ by art2 & ! "q = ea* to decide is1 h[ f> ! returns w comp5sate = extra prep>ation4 ,v (t5 l& = /rawb]ries receives b little m prep>ation ?an = :eat1 & su* me?ods mu/ pay or !y w\ld n be cont9u$4 ,_m :o foll[ ^! me?ods decl>e t !y are ! mo/ pr(itable 9 ! long run4 ,i d\bt x4 ,if our m>ket is "o 9 :i* /rawb]ries are sold simply z su*1 )\t mu* reg>d to flavor or size1 !re is n ! same inducem5t to produce f9e fruit4 ,b ev5 :5 quantity is ! *ief object1 deeply prep>$ & enri*$ l& reta9s t ess5tial moi/ure ( :i* we h spok51 & enables ! plant n only to =m1 b also to develop & mature1 a great deal ( fruit4 ,9 ! majority ( m>kets1 h[ev]1 ea* ye>1 size & beauty c\nt = m1 & ^! qualities c be secur$1 ev5 f a favorable soil1 only aft] ?or\gh prep>ation & enri*+4 ,i f9d t e writ] ( exp]i5ce on ?is subject1 bo? ,am]ican & ,european1 insi/s vigor\sly on ! value ( su* c>eful pulv]ization & deep5+ ( ! soil4 ,hav+ ?us consid]$ ! mo/ favorable l& 9 ! be/ condition possible1 "u ord9>y cultivation1 ,i %all n[ treat ( t less suitable1 until we f9ally rea* a soil too /]ile & hopelessly bad to repay cultivation4 ,i w speak fir/ ( ?is same deep1 moi/ loam1 9 its unsubdu$ condition2 t is1 9 /iff sod1 trees1 or bru%-wood4 ,( c\rse1 ! latt] mu/ be remov$1 &1 z a rule1 ! crops on new l&--:i* has be5 undi/urb$ by ! pl[ = a numb] ( ye>s &1 p]haps1 nev] robb$ ( its orig9al f]tility--w amply repay = ! extra labor ( cle>+4 ,especially w ?is be ! case if ! bru% & rubbi% are burn$ ev5ly ov] ! surface4 ,! f9e/ ( wild /rawb]ries are f\nd :]e trees h be5 fell$ & ! bru% burn$2 & ! successful fruit gr[] is ! "o :o makes ! be/ use ( su* h9ts f nature4 ,! field w\ld look bett] & ! cultivation be easi] if all ! /umps c\ld be remov$ be=e plant+1 b ?is might involve too great prelim9>y exp5se1 & ,i always c\nsel aga9/ debt except 9 ! dire/ necessity4 ,a little bru% burn$ on ea* /ump w effectually *eck new gr[?1 &1 9 two or ?ree ye>s1 ^! unsightly objects w be s rott5 t !y c be pri$ out1 & easily turn$ into a%es1 "o ( ! be/ ( f]tiliz]s4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! native /r5g? ( ! l& w cause a gr[? :i* w comp5sate = ! p>tial lack ( deep & ?or\gh cultivation :i* ! /umps & roots prev5t4 ,^? :o h travell$ ,we/ & ,s\? h se5 f9e crops ( corn gr[+ among ! half-burn$ /umps1 & /rawb]ries w d z well4 ,b :]e trees or bru% h gr[n v ?ickly1 ! roots & /umps mu/ be eradicat$4 ,! ?ick gr[? on ! s&y l& ( ,florida is grubb$ out at ! co/ ( ab\t #cj p] acre1 & ,i "k ( a g5tleman :o pays at ! rate ( #be p] acre 9 ! vic9ity ( ,norfolk1 ,va4 ,i d\bt :e!r x c be done = less else:]e4 ,9 "s regions !y employ a /ump extractor1 a rude b /rong ma*9e1 work$ by blocks & pulleys1 ) ox5 z motor p[]4 ,f ! ,f>m]'s ,advocate ( ,london1 ,ont41 ,i le>n t an exp]t ) "o ( ^! ma*9es1 aid$ by five m5 & two yoke ( ox51 0 9 ! habit ( cle>+ fifty acres annually4 ,i h clean$ h$ge-r[s & /ony spots on my place 9 ! foll[+ ?or\gh mann]3 ,a man comm5ces ) pick & %ovel on "o side ( ! l& & turns x /eadily & completely ov] by h& to ! dep? ( f\rte5 to eighte5 in*es1 ?r[+ on ! surface beh9d him all ! roots1 /umps & /ones1 & /opp+ occasionally to bla/ :5 ! rocks are too l>ge to be pri$ out4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is exp5sive1 & _c be l>gely indulg$ 92 b1 :5 accompli%$1 ! "w is done = all "t1 & ,i h obta9$ at once by ?is me?od "s spl5did soil1 9 :i* ! pl[ s9ks to ! beam4 ,a dr\ght mu/ be sev]e1 inde$1 t c injure su* l&4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 m5 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is "w4 ,i h "o :o1 )9 a reasonable "t1 w\ld tr5* a f>m4 ,inde$1 9 8 p[] to obey ! primal comm& to subdue ! e>?1 my man1 ,abraham1 is a h]o--al?\gh1 ,i imag9e1 he sc>cely kn[s :at ! ^w means & w\ld z soon ?9k ( himself z a hippopotamus4 ,8 =tunes w\ld (t5 seem z d>k z himself to ^? :o take ?\ght = ! morr[2 & t is say+ mu*1 = ,abraham is color$ z f> z man c be4 ,i d\bt :e!r 8 =esight (t5 rea*es fur!r ?an b$time1 & to t h\r he comes ) an hone/ "r to re/4 ,he is a family man1 & has six or sev5 *ildr51 "u eight ye>s ( age1 :om he %elt]s 9 a wret*$ little h\se t appe>s tir$ ( /&+ up4 ,b to & f ?is abode ,abraham passes daily1 ) a face z s]5e z a ,may morn+4 ,9 t we>y old hovel ,i am satisfi$ t he & 8 sw>m+ little brood h f\nd :at no ar*itect c build--a home4 ,?i!r he c>ries 8 diurnal doll>1 :5 he c get x1 & on x !y all manage to live & gr[ fat4 ,he loses "t occasionally1 x is true1 ?r\gh illness1 b no su* trifl+ mis=tune c induce him1 seem+ly1 to take a long1 anxi\s look into ! future4 ,only once--x 0 la/ w9t]--h ,i se5 him dismay$ by ! fr[n+ fates4 ,! doctor ?\ght 8 wife w\ld die1 & !y _h no?+ to eat 9 ! h\se4 ,:5 ,abraham appe>$ be=e me at t "t1 8 c\nt5ance 0 fall51 z ! qua9t1 /rong language ( ,scripture expresses x4 ,he made no compla9ts1 h[ev]1 & indulg$ 9 no ,byronic allusions to de/9y4 ,inde$1 he said v little1 b m]ely droop$ & c[]$1 z if ! wolf at ! door & ! %ad[ ( dea? )9 x 7 r m ?an he c\ld face at "o & ! same "t4 ,x soon became evid5t1 h[ev]1 t 8 wife w\ld pull ?r\gh1 z he said1 & !n ! wolf didn't tr\ble him a mite4 ,he in/all$ himself z cook1 nurse1 & h\se man-(-all-"w1 f9d+ also abundant leisure to smoke 8 pipe ) inf9ite cont5t4 ,"o morn+ he 0 se5 bak+ buck:eat cakes = ! *ildr52 ea* "o 9 turn receiv$ an all[ance on a t9 plate1 & squatt$ "h & !re on ! floor to dev\r x2 &1 f ! ma/] ( c]emonies d[n1 !re 0 n an indication t all 0 n j z x %\ld be4 ,a few days lat] ,i met him com+ back to 8 "w ) 8 pipe 9 ! corn] ( 8 m\?1 & ! old confid5t tw9kle 9 8 eye z he said1 ,morn9'1 ,bossie4 ,n[1 ,abraham c>ries 8 peculi> *>act]i/ics into grubb+4 ,if ,i %\ld set him at a hundr$-acre field full ( /umps & /ones1 & tell him to cle> x to ! dep? ( two feet1 he w\ld beg9 )\t any app>5t misgiv+1 & ) no m ?\ght = ! magnitude ( 8 task ?an he has = ! tangl$ & /ubborn my/]ies ( life 9 g5]al1 or ! dubi\s "q ( :at %all be on ! morr[ 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,he w\ld see only ! little /rip t he propos$ to cle> up t day1 & w\ld g to "w 9 a way all 8 own4 ,al?\gh n talkative to o!r p1 he is v social ) himself1 &1 9 ! e>ly days ( our acqua9tance1 ,i 0 con/antly misl$ into ! belief t somebody 0 ) him1 & t he 0 a man ( words r ?an "w4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z ,i rea*$ a po9t f :i* ,i c\ld see him1 !re he w\ld be1 alone1 b5d+ to 8 task ) ! /eady p]si/5ce t makes 8 labor s effective2 b1 at ! same "t1 until he saw me he w\ld cont9ue discuss+ ) equal vigor :atev] subject might be upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d4 ,i suppose he sc>cely ev] takes out a /one or root )\t apo/rophiz+1 adjur+1 & b]at+ x 9 tones & v]nacul> s que] t "o might imag9e he hop$ to remove ! refractory object by magic r ?an by muscle4 ,:5 ! sun is sett+1 h[ev]1 & ,abraham has complac5tly advis$ himself1 ,bett] quit1 = de day's done gone1 & de ole woman is art] me1 afe>$ ,i've kiv]$ myself up a-grubb9'1 "o ?+ is always evid5t--a great _m /ones & roots are unkiv]$1 & ,abraham has e>n$ anew 8 "r to ! title ( *ampion grubb]4 ,b1 z mo/ m5 h&le ! pick & %ovel1 ! fruit gr[] mu/ be *>y 9 8 attempts to subdue ! e>? ) ^? old-"t implem5ts4 ,x is too mu* l mak+ w> ) ! anci5t ,roman %ort sword 9 an age ( rifl$ guns4 ,i agree ) t practical horticulturi/1 ,pet] ,h5d]son1 t !re are no implem5ts equal to ! pl[ & subsoil]1 &1 9 our broad & half-occupi$ c\ntry1 we %\ld be r %y ( l& :]e ^! _c be us$4 ,! cultivator ^: deep moi/ loam is cov]$ by sod only1 in/ead ( rocks1 bru%1 & trees1 may feel l congratulat+ himself on ! easy task be=e him2 &1 inde$1 :]e ! sod is light1 /rawb]ries1 & especially ! l>g] small fruits1 are (t5 plant$ on x at once ) fair success4 ,i d n recomm5d ! practice2 =1 unless ! subsequ5t culture is v ?or\gh & frequ5t1 ! grass roots w cont9ue to gr[ & may become s int]tw9$ ) ^? ( ! /rawb]ry t !y _c be sep>at$4 ,corn is probably ! be/ ho$ crop to prec$e ! /rawb]ry4 ,potatoes too closely resemble ?is fruit 9 _! dem& = pota%1 & exhau/ ! soil ( "o ( ! mo/ ne$$ elem5ts4 ,a dress+ ( wood a%es1 h[ev]1 w make good ! loss4 ,buck:eat is "o ( ! mo/ effective means ( subdu+ & clean+ l&1 & two crops c be pl[$ "u 9 a s+le summ]4 ,la/ spr+ ,i _h "s v /iff m>% sod turn$ ov] & s[n ) buck:eat1 :i*1 9 our hurry1 0 n pl[$ "u until consid]able ( ! se$ rip5$ & fell4 ,a second crop f ?is came up at once1 & 0 pl[$ "u :5 com+ into blossom1 z ! fir/ %\ld h be54 ,! /raw1 9 its succul5t /ate1 decay$ 9 a few days1 & by autumn my r\gh m>% sod 0 light1 ri*1 & mell[ z a g>d51 ready = any?+4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t ! l& design$ = /rawb]ries 0 9 clov]1 x w\ld make an admirable f]tiliz] if turn$ "u :ile /ill gre51 & ,i ?9k its use = ?is purpose w\ld pay bett] ?an cutt+ x = hay1 ev5 ?\gh !re is no bett]4 ,inde$1 7 ,i ab\t to put any sod l&1 t 0 n v /iff & unsubdu$1 into small fruits1 ,i w\ld wait till :atev] h]bage cov]$ ! gr\nd 0 j com+ into fl[]1 & !n turn x "u4 ,! e>li] gr[? t prec$es ! =mation ( se$ does n tax ! soil mu*1 b draws its sub/ance l>gely f ! atmosph]e1 & :5 return$ to ! e>? :ile full ( juices1 is valuable4 ,9 our latitude ?is c usually be done by ! middle ( ,june1 & if on ?is sod buck:eat is s[n at once1 x w ha/5 ! decay1 loos5 & light5 ! soil 9 its gr[?1 & 9 a few weeks be ready itself to increase ! f]tility ( ! field by be+ pl[$ "u4 ,9 regions :]e f>my>d manure & o!r f]tiliz]s are sc>ce & high1 ?is pl[+ "u ( gre5 crops is "o ( ! mo/ effective ways bo? ( enri*+ & prep>+ ! l&2 & if ! read] has no sev]] labors to p]=m ?an ?is1 he may well congratulate himself4 ,b let him n be premature 9 8 self-felicitation1 = he may f9d 9 8 sod gr\nd1 especially if x be old mead[ l&1 an ob/acle worse ?an /umps & /ones--! ,la*no/]na fusca4 ,?is port5t\s "n may well inspire dread1 = ! ?+ itself c realize "o's wor/ fe>s4 ,! deep1 moi/ loam :i* we are consid]+ is ! favorite haunt ( ?is hateful little mon/]1 & he :o does n f9d x ly+ 9 wait :5 turn+ up l& t has be5 long 9 sod1 may deem himself lucky4 ,! read] ne$ n draw a sigh ( relief :5 ,i tell him t ,i mean m]ely ! :ite grub1 ! l>va ( ! ,may-beetle or ,june-bug1 t s di/urbs our slumb]s 9 e>ly summ] by its sonor\s hum & aimless bump+ aga9/ ! wall4 ,?is :ite grub1 :i* ! f>m]s (t5 call ! potato worm1 is1 9 ?is region1 ! /rawb]ry's mo/ =midable foe1 &1 by dev\r+ ! roots1 w (t5 de/roy acres ( plants4 ,if ! pl[ turns up ^! ugly cu/om]s 9 l>ge numb]s1 ! only rec\rse is to cultivate ! l& ) "s o!r crop until !y turn into beetles & fly away4 ,?is enemy w receive full] att5tion 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,x is said t ?is pe/ r>ely lays its eggs 9 pl[$ l&1 pref]r+ sod gr\nd1 :]e its l>vae w be protect$ f ! birds1 & w f9d pl5ty ( grass roots on :i* to fe$4 ,nature sees to x t :ite grubs are tak5 c>e (1 b our ,mon>* /rawb]ries ne$ our be/ skill & help 9 _! unequal fight2 & if ,la*nos & tribe %\ld turn out 9 =ce1 ,alex&] himself w\ld be vanqui%$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soil ,,by ,,dra9age ,excessive moi/ure w (t5 prev5t ! imm$iate cultivation ( our ideal /rawb]ry l&4 ,its abs5ce is fatal1 its excess equally s4 ,let me sugge/ "s ( ! evil effects4 ,e "o is aw>e t climate--t is ! av]age temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e ?r\gh\t ! ye>--has a mo/ important influ5ce on vegetation4 ,b a great _m1 ,i imag9e1 d n realize t !re is an und]gr\nd climate also1 & t x is sc>cely less important t ?is %\ld be adapt$ to ! roots ?an t ! air %\ld be temp]$ to ! foliage4 ,wat]-logg$ l& is cold4 ,! sun c bake1 b n w>m x to any ext5t4 ,c>eful ,engli% exp]im5ts h prov$ t well-dra9$ l& is f #aj to #bj degrees w>m] ?an wet soils2 & ,mr4 ,p>kes has %[n1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,philosophy ( ,dra9age1 t 9 dra9+ ! ',r$ ,moss' ! !rmomet] 9 ! dra9$ l& rose 9 ,june to #ff degrees at sev5 in*es bel[ ! surface1 :ile 9 ! neighbor+ wat]-logg$ l& x w\ld nev] rise above #dg degrees--an enorm\s ga94 ,9 8 prize essay on dra9age1 ,dr4 ,madd5 confirms ! above1 & expla9s fur!r1 z foll[s3 ,an excess ( wat] injures ! soil by dim9i%+ its temp]ature 9 summ] & increas+ x 9 w9t]--a trans=mation ( nature mo/ hurtful to p]5nials1 because ! vigor ( a plant 9 spr+ dep5ds greatly on ! l[ness ( temp]ature to :i* x has be5 subject$ dur+ ! w9t] 7)9 c]ta9 limits1 ( c\rse71 z ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 w9t] & spr+ is ! excit+ cause ( ! asc5t ( ! sap4 ,9 o!r words1 too mu* wat] 9 ! soil may cause no m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! und]gr\nd climate ( w9t] & spr+4 ,dr4 ,madd5 %[s1 moreov]1 t excess ( wat] keeps out ! air ess5tial n only 9 promot+ *emical *anges 9 ! soil itself & requir$ by ! plants1 b also ! air :i* is directly ne$$ by ! roots4 ,sir ,h4 ,davy & o!rs h prov$ t oxyg5 & c>bonic acid are absorb$ by ! roots z well z by ! foliage1 & ^! gases c be br\ght to !m by ! air only4 ,aga91 dra9age alt]s ! curr5ts :i* occur 9 wet soil4 ,9 undra9$ l&1 evaporation is con/antly br++ up to ! roots ! s\r1 exhau/$ wat] ( ! subsoil1 :i* is an injury r ?an a b5efit4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ra9 j fall5 passes freely ?r\gh a dra9$ soil1 c>ry+ directly to ! roots fre% air & /imulat+ gases4 ,wet l& also produces conditions :i* disable ! foliage ( plants f absorb+ c>bonic acid1 ?us greatly decreas+ its atmosph]ic supply ( food4 ,o!r reasons might be giv51 b ! read] :o is n satisfi$ _h bett] set out an acre ( /rawb]ries on wat]-logg$ l&4 ,8 empty pocket w out-argue all ! books4 ,! con/ruction ( dra9s may be ess5tial1 = ?ree causes3 #a/4 ,l& t is dry en\gh naturally may lie s z to collect & hold surface wat]1 :i*1 accumulat+ ) e ra9 & sn[ /orm1 at la/ r5d]s ! soil s\r & unproductive4 #bnd4 ,comp>atively level l&1 & ev5 /eep hillsides1 may be s full ( spr+s z to r5d] dra9s at %ort int]vals necess>y4 #crd4 ,/reams1 fl[+ p]haps f di/ant s\rces1 may f9d _! natural *annel across our gr\nds4 ,if ^! *annels are ob/ruct$ or inadequate1 we f9d our l& fall+ into ! ways ( an old soak]4 ,x %\ld "h be /at$1 h[ev]1 t if we c\ld cause /reams to ov]fl[ our l& 9 a %all[1 sluggi% curr5t1 s t a s$im5t w\ld be left on ! surface aft] a spe$y subsid5ce1 ! result w\ld be 9 m9iature l ! ov]fl[ ( ! ,nile 9 ,egypt1 mo/ b5eficial1 t is1 if means = ?or\gh subsequ5t dra9age 0 provid$4 ,if !re is an abundance ( /one on "o's place suitable = ! con/ruction ( dra9s1 x c (t5 be us$ to advantage1 z ,i %all %[2 b = all ord9>y purposes ( dra9age1 r\nd tile ) coll>s are n[ recomm5d$ by ! be/ au?orities4 ,x is said t !y are *eap] ?an /one1 ev5 :]e ! latt] is "r at h&2 & ! claim is reasonable1 s9ce1 in/ead ( ! wide dit* requir$ by /one1 a n>r[ cut w suffice = tile2 ?us a great sav+ is at once effect$ 9 ! co/ ( digg+4 ,tile also c be laid rapidly1 & are n liable to become ob/ruct$ if prop]ly protect$ at po9ts ( dis*>ge by grat+s1 s t v]m9 _c ent]4 ,!y %\ld n be laid ne> will[1 elm1 & o!r trees ( l "*1 or else ! fibr\s roots w p5etrate & fill ! *annel4 ,if "o has a l>ge problem ( dra9age to solve1 he %\ld c>efully read a "w l ,geo4 ,e4 ,w>+'s ,dra9age = ,pr(it & = ,heal?2 & if ! slope or fall ( "s fields is v slight1 say sc>cely "o foot 9 a hundr$1 ! s]vices ( an eng9e] %\ld be employ$ & accurate grades obta9$4 ,by a well-plann$ sy/em1 ! co/ ( dra9+ a place c be greatly r$uc$1 & ! wat] made v useful4 ,on my place at ,cornwall ,i f\nd ?ree acres ( wet l&1 ea* 9 turn illu/rat+ "o ( ! causes :i* make dra9age necess>y4 ,i us$ /one1 because1 9 "s in/ances1 no o!r mat]ial w\ld h answ]$1 9 o!rs p>tly because ,i 0 a novice 9 ! sci5ce ( dra9age1 & p>tly because ,i _h ! /ones on my place1 & did n "k :at else to d ) !m4 ,i c]ta9ly c\ld n c>t !m on my neighbors' gr\nd )\t hav+ a surplus ( hot z well z cold wat]1 s ,i conclud$ to bury !m 9 ! old-fa%ion$ box-dra9s4 ,inde$1 ,i f\nd r peculi> & difficult problems ( dra9age1 & ! hi/ory ( _! solution may conta9 useful h9ts to ! read]4 ,9 front ( my h\se !re is a l[1 level plot ( l&1 conta9+ ab\t ?ree acres4 ,^u ?is ! surface wat] ran f all sides1 & !re 0 no outlet4 ,! soil 01 9 consequ5ce1 s\r1 & 9 c]ta9 spots only a wiry m>% grass w\ld gr[4 ,& yet x requir$1 b a glance to see t a dra91 :i* c\ld c>ry (f ?is surface wat] imm$iately1 w\ld r5d] x ! be/ l& on ! place4 ,i tri$1 9 va91 ! exp]im5t ( digg+ a deep1 wide dit* across ! entire tract1 9 hopes ( f9d+ a por\s subsoil4 ,!n ,i excavat$ great1 deep holes1 b came to a blue clay t held wat] l rubb]4 ,! por\s subsoil1 9 :i* ,i knew ! region ab\nd$1 & :i* makes ,cornwall exceptionally free f all miasmatic tr\bles1 elud$ our spades l hidd5 treasures4 ,i ev5tually f\nd t ,i mu/ obta9 p]mission ( a neighbor to c>ry a dra9 across ano!r f>m to ! m\nta9 /ream t empties into ! ,hudson at ,cornwall ,l&+4 ,! cov]$ dra9 ?r\gh ! adjo9+ place 0 deep & exp5sive1 b ! dit* across my l& 7m>k$ ,a on ! map7 is a small "o1 wall$ ) /one on ei!r side4 ,x answ]s my purpose1 h[ev]1 giv+ me z good /rawb]ry l& z ,i c\ld wi%4 ,on bo? sides ( ?is op5 dit*1 & at "r angles ) x1 ,i _h ! gr\nd pl[$ into b$s #acj feet long by #ba wide4 ,! %all[ depressions betwe5 ^! b$s slope g5tly t[>d ! dit*1 & ?us1 aft] e /orm1 ! surface wat]1 :i* =m]ly (t51 cov]$ ! entire area1 is at once c>ri$ away4 ,i ?9k my simple1 %all[1 op5 dra9 is bett] ?an tile 9 ?is in/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,map %[+ exp]im5ts 9 ! dra9age ( a /rawb]ry f>m ,z may be se5 f ! map1 my f>m is peculi> 9 outl9e1 & resembles an ext5d$ city lot1 be+ #b1eej feet long1 & only #daj wide4 ,! h\se1 z %[n by ! engrav+1 /&s on q an elevation1 9 ! re> ( :i* ! l& desc5ds into ano!r swale or bas94 ,! dra9age ( ?is pres5t$ a /ill m difficult problem4 ,n only did ! surface wat] run into x1 b 9 moi/ seasons ! gr\nd 0 full ( spr+s4 ,! s]i\s feature ( ! case 0 t !re seem$ to be no available outlet 9 any direction4 ,unlike ! mell[1 s&y loam 9 front ( ! h\se1 ! swale 9 ! re> 0 ( ! /iffe/ k9d ( clay--j ! soil to reta9 & be spoil$ by wat]4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( our resid5ce "h ?is region 0 sometimes a pond1 sometimes a quagmire1 :ile aga91 "u ! summ] sun1 x bak$ into e>!nw>e4 ,x 0 a d\btful "q :e!r ?is /ubborn acre c\ld be subdu$1 & yet its heavy clay gave me j ! div]sity ( soil ,i ne$$4 ,?r\gh\t ! high gravelly knoll on :i* ! h\se /&s1 ! natural dra9age is p]fect1 & a sagaci\s neighbor sugge/$ t if ,i cut a dit* across ! clayey swale into ! gravel ( ! knoll1 ! wat] w\ld f9d a natural outlet & disappe>4 ,! dit* 0 dug eight feet wide & five feet deep1 = ,i decid$ to utilize ! surface ( ! dra9 z a road-b$4 ,pass+ out ( ! clay & h>d-pan1 we came into ! gravel1 & x seem$ por\s en\gh to c>ry (f a fair-siz$ /ream4 ,i conclud$ t my difficult problem _h f\nd a *eap & easy solution1 & to make assurance d\bly sure1 ,i direct$ ! m5 to dig a deep pit & fill x ) /ones4 ,:5 !y _h gone ab\t n9e feet bel[ ! surface1 ,i happ5$ to be /&+ on ! br9k ( ! excavation1 wat*+ ! "w4 ,a labor] /ruck 8 pick into ! gravel1 :5 a /ream gu%$ out :i* 9 its sudd5 abundance sugge/$ t :i* fl[$ 9 ! wild]ness at ! /roke ( ,moss's rod4 ,! problem 0 n[ complicat$ anew4 ,s f> f f9d+ an outlet1 ,i _h dug a well :i* ! m5 c\ld sc>cely bail out fa/ en\gh to p]mit ( its be+ /on$ up4 ,my neighbors rem>k$ t my wide dit* rem9d$ !m ( ! ,erie canal1 & my wife 0 9 t]ror le/ ! *ildr5 %\ld be dr[n$ 9 x4 ,n[ some?+ _h to be done1 & ,i call$ 9 ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,caldwell1 city surveyor ( ,newburgh1 & to 8 map ,i ref] ! read] = a cle>] und]/&+ ( my tasks4 ,betwe5 ! upp] & l[] swales1 ! ridge on :i* ! h\se /&s slopes to its greate/ depression along its we/]n b\nd>y1 & ,i 0 %[n t if ,i w\ld cut deep en\gh1 ! op5 dra9 9 ! l[] swale c\ld receive & c>ry (f ! wat] f ! upp] bas94 ,?is appe>$ ,tobe ! only res\rce1 b ) my limit$ means x 0 l a %ip-canal across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama4 ,! old device ( empty+ my dra9s into a hole t practically _h no bottom1 sugge/$ itself to me4 ,x w\ld be s mu* easi] & *eap] t ,i resolv$ once m to try x1 ?\gh ) hopes naturally damp5$ by my la/ moi/ exp]i5ce4 ,i direct$ t ! hole 7m>k$ ,b on ! map7 %\ld be oblong1 & 9 ! direct l9e ( ! dit*1 s t if x fail$ ( its purpose x c\ld become a "p ( ! dra94 ,d[n we w5t into z p]fect s& & gravel z ,i ev] saw1 & ! deep] we dug ! dry] x became4 ,?is "t1 9 w\nd+ old ,"m ,e>?1 we did n cut a ve91 & !re seem$ a fair prospect ( our creat+ a new "o1 = into ?is receptacle ,i decid$ to turn my l>ge/ dra9 & all ! wat] t ! /ubborn acre p]si/$ 9 keep+4 ,i !re=e _h a box-dra9 con/ruct$ along ! we/]n b\nd>y ( ! place 7m>k$ ,c7 until x rea*$ ! l[e/ spot 9 ! upp] swale4 ,?is dra9 0 simply & rapidly con/ruct$1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 a dit* 0 fir/ dug suffici5tly deep & wide1 & )1 a fall t c>ri$ (f ! wat] rapidly4 ,9 ! bottom ( ?is dit* ! m5 built two r\ghly fac$ walls1 "o foot high & eight in*es ap>t4 ,comp>atively long1 flat /ones1 t w\ld rea* f wall to wall1 7 easily f\nd1 & ?us we _h a cov]$ wat]-c\rse1 eight by twelve in*es1 =m+ ! common box-dra9 t w usually la/ a lifetime4 ,! op5+s ov] ! *annel 7 c>efully *9k$ 9 ) small /ones & all cov]$ ) inv]t$ sods1 %av+s1 leaves1 or any?+ t prev5t$ ! loose soil f sift+ or wa%+ d[n into ! wat]-c\rse4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! box-dra9 j describ$1 a second & small] receptacle 0 dug 7m>k$ ,d71 & f ?is 0 con/ruct$ ano!r box-dra9 7,e71 six in*es squ>e1 across ! l[ gr\nd to ! end ( ! canal 9 :i* we _h f\nd ! well 7,f74 ,?is w\ld n only dra9 a portion ( ! l& b w\ld also empty ! big dit* 7,g71 & prev5t ! wat] ( ! well f ris+ above a c]ta9 po9t4 ,?is k9d ( /one-"w c be done rapidly2 two m5 9 two %ort w9t] days built ?irte5 rods ) a wat]-c\rse six in*es 9 ! cle>4 ,to ! upp] & fur!r end ( ! canal 7,g71 ,i con/ruct$ ano!r & *eap] /yle ( dra94 ,9 ! bottom ( ?is dit* 7,h71 two /ones 7 plac$ on _! ends or edges & lean$ toge!r s z to =m a k9d ( ar*1 & !n o!r /ones 7 ?r[n ov] & ar\nd !m until !y rea*$ a po9t eighte5 in*es f ! surface4 ,ov] ^! /ones1 z ov] ! box-dra9s also1 0 plac$ a cov]+ ( any co>se litt] to keep ! e>? f wa%+ d[n2 & !n ! con/ruction ( "o or two %ort side-dra9s1 ! refill+ ! dit*es & levell+ ! gr\nd complet$ my task4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ?is entire sy/em ( dra9age end$ 9 ! excavation 7,b7 already describ$4 ,! "q 0 n[ :e!r su* a !ory ( dra9age w\ld hold wat]4 ,if x w\ld1 ! hole ,i _h dug mu/ n1 & ,i wait$ to see4 ,x promis$ well4 ,q a /eady /ream p\r$ into x & disappe>$4 ,by & by !re came a heavy ,m>* /orm4 ,:5 ,i w5t out 9 ! morn+1 ev]y?+ 0 afloat4 ,! big canal & ! well at its l[] end 7 full to ov]fl[+4 ,! /ubborn acre 0 a quagmire1 & alas6 ! excavation :i* ,i _h hop$ w\ld save s mu* tr\ble & exp5se 0 also full4 ,i plodd$ back "u my umbrella ) a br[ z l[]+ z ! sky4 ,!re seem$ no?+ = x b to cut a ,dut* gap t w\ld make a l *asm 9 my bank acc\nt4 ,by noon x cle>$ (f1 & ,i w5t d[n to take a melan*oly survey ( ! huge am\nt ( "w t n[ seem$ necess>y1 :51 to my great joy1 ! oblong cut1 9 :i* s _m hopes _h seem+ly be5 swamp$1 0 entirely empty4 ,f ! box-dra9 a l>ge /ream p\r$ into x & w5t d[n--to ,*9a1 = all t ,i knew4 ,i w5t 9 ha/e to ! big canal & f\nd x empty1 & ! well l[]$ to ! m\? ( ! dra94 ,! /ubborn acre 0 n[ "u my ?umb1 & ,i h kept x !re ev] s9ce4 ,dur+ ! pa/ summ]1 ,i _h ^u its wette/ & /iffe/ portion two b$s ( ,jucunda /rawb]ries t yield$ at ! rate ( "o hundr$ & n9ety bu%els to ! acre4 ,! ,jucunda /rawb]ry is especially adapt$ to heavy l& requir+ dra9age1 & ,i ?9k an ent]pris+ man 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york might s unite !m z to make a =tune4 ,! hole 0 fill$ ) /ones & n[ =ms a "p ( my g>d51 & ! canal answ]s = a road-b$ z at fir/ int5d$4 ,9 ! =tuit\s well ,i h plac$ a =ce-pump1 ar\nd :i* are gr[n & wat]$ my pott$ plants4 ,! !ory ( c>ry+ dra9s into gravel does hold wat]1 & sometimes holes c be dug at a slight exp5se1 t practically h no bottom4 ,i h no d\bt t 9 ?is in/ance tile w\ld h be5 bett] & *eap] ?an ! small /one dra9s t ,i h describ$4 ,9 ! re> ( my place !re 0 a ?ird dra9age problem v diff]5t f ei!r ( ! o!r two4 ,my f>m runs back to ! rise ( ! m\nta91 ^: edge x skirts = "s di/ance4 ,x ?us receives at times mu* surface wat]4 ,at ! foot ( ! m\nta9-slope1 !re are ab\t ?ree acres ( l[ alluvial soil1 t 0 =m]ly cov]$ ) a co>se1 useless h]bage ( ! swamp4 ,betwe5 ! mead[ & ! slope ( ! m\nta91 ! t[n built a b\lev>d 7m>k$ ,,ii on ! map71 practically cribb+ an acre or two ( l&4 ,ahab1 :o ne$$ ,nabo?'s v9ey>d = public purposes1 is ! spiritual fa!r ( all t[n bo>ds4 ,at ! extreme end ( ! f>m1 & j beyond ! alluvial gr\nd1 0 ! *annel ( a brook 7m>k$ ,j74 ,its /ony b$1 ?r\gh :i* trickl$ a rill1 _h a v innoc5t aspect on ! ,octob] day :5 we look$ ! f>m ov] & decid$ ^u its pur*ase4 ,! rill ran a little way on my gr\nds1 !n crept "u ! f5ce & skirt$ my we/]n b\nd>y = sev]al hundr$ y>ds4 ,on rea*+ a rise ( l&1 x re-ent]$ my place & ran obliquely across x4 ,x ?us enclos$ ?ree sides ( ! l[1 bu%y mead[ ,i h nam$4 ,its l[] *annel across ! place _h be5 /on$ up ) ! evid5t purpose ( keep+ x )9 limits2 b ! ?ree or f\r feet ( space betwe5 ! walls _h become ob/ruct$ by roots1 bu%es1 v9es & debris 9 g5]al4 ,) ! exception ( ! /ony b$ :]e x ent]$ ! f>m1 mo/ ( its c\rse 0 obscur$ by ov]hang+ bu%es & ! s]e1 rank h]bage ( autumn4 ,9 a vague way ,i felt t ev5tually some?+ w\ld h to be done to direct ?is little *ild ( ! m\nta9 into prop] ways1 & to subdue ! _s ( ! wild]ness t x diffus$ on e side4 ,i _h its l[] *annel across ! place 7,k ,k7 cle>$ out1 ?9k+ t ?is might answ] = ! pres5t2 & ! gurgle ( ! little /reamlet along ! bottom ( ! dit* seem$ a l[ laugh at ! idea ( its ev] fill+ ! ?ree squ>e feet ( space above x4 ,deceitful little brook6 ,its innoc5t babble conta9$ no sugge/ion ( its ho>se ro> on a ,m>* day1 ! foll[+ spr+1 z x tore its way along1 scoop+ ! /ones & gravel f its upp] b$ & scatt]+ !m f> & wide ov] ! alluvial mead[4 ,in/ead ( a t9y rill1 ,i f\nd t ,i w\ld h to cope at times ) a m\nta9 torr5t4 ,at fir/1 ! task 0 too heavy1 & ! fitful-temp]$ brook1 & ! swamp-l region x encompass$1 7 left = ye>s to _! old wild in/9cts4 ,at la/ ! increas+ dem&s ( my bus9ess made x necess>y to h m arable l&1 & ,i saw t1 if ,i c\ld keep x f be+ ov]:elm$ ) wat] & gravel1 ! alluvial mead[ 0 j ! place = /rawb]ries4 ,i comm5c$ at ! l[e/ po9t :]e x f9ally leaves my gr\nds1 & dug a canal 7,k ,k71 twelve feet wide by f\r or five deep1 across my place1 /on+ up its walls on ei!r side4 ,an imm5se am\nt ( e>? & gravel 0 ?r[n on ! l[] side s z to =m a high1 /rong embankm5t 9 addition to ! *annel4 ,!n1 :]e x ent]$ ! f>m above ! mead[1 ,i _h a wide1 deep dit* excavat$1 ?r[+ all ! debris betwe5 x & ! l& ,i wi%$ to %ield4 ,?r\gh\t ! l[ mead[1 two cov]$ box-dra9s 7,l & ,m7 7 con/ruct$ s t ! pl[ c\ld pass ov] !m4 ,on ! side ( ! mead[ next to ! b\lev>d & m\nta91 ,i _h an op5 dra9 7,n ,n7 dug & fill$ ) /ones ev5 ) ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 design$ to cat* & c>ry (f ! surface wat]1 m]ely1 f ! long ext5t ( m\nta9-slope t x skirt$4 ,! sy/em ( dit*es to protect & dra9 ! p>tial swamp1 & also to manage ! deceitful brook1 0 n[ f9i%$1 & ,i wait$ = ! results4 ,dur+ mu* ( ! summ] !re 0 n a drop ( wat] 9 ! wide canal1 save :]e a liv+ spr+ trickl$ into x4 ,! ord9>y fall ra9s c\ld sc>cely m ?an cov] ! broad1 pebbly bottom1 & ! unsophi/icat$ laugh$ & said t ,i rem9d$ !m ( a g5]al :o tra9$ a =ty-p\nd gun on a bellig]5t m\se4 ,i rememb]$ :at ,i _h se51 & bid$ my "t4 ,b ,i did n h to wait till ,m>*4 ,"o ,novemb] day x began to ra91 & x kept on4 ,all ! foll[+ night !re 0 a /eady ru% & ro> ( fall+ wat]4 ,x 0 no ord9>y patt]+1 b a gu/y outp\r+ f ! w9d[s ( heav54 ,! two swales 9 ! front & re> ( ! h\se became great muddy ponds1 tawny z ! yell[ ,tib]1 & ?r\gh int]vals ( ! /orm came ! sull5 ro> ( ! little brook t _h be5 purr+ l a kitt5 all summ]4 ,t[>d night1 ,mature grew brea?less & exhau/$2 !re 7 sobb+ gu/s ( w9d & sudd5 gu%es ( ra91 t grew less & less frequ5t4 ,x 0 evid5t %e w\ld become quiet 9 ! night & q s]5e aft] h] long1 tempe/u\s mood4 ,z ! sun 0 sett+ ,i v5tur$ out ) mu* misgiv+4 ,! deep5+ ro> z ,i w5t d[n ! lane increas$ my fe>s1 b ,i 0 fairly appall$ by ! wild torr5t t cut (f all approa* to ! bridge4 ,! wat] _h n only fill$ ! wide canal1 b also1 at a po9t a little above ! bridge1 _h brok5 ov] & wa%$ away ! high embankm5t4 ,i skirt$ along ! tide until ,i rea*$ ! "p ( ! bank t /ill rema9$ intact1 & !re b5ea? my feet ru%$ a flood t w\ld h in/antly swept away horse & rid]4 ,inde$1 q a l>ge tree _h be5 torn up by its roots1 & c>ri$ d[n until x caught 9 ! bridge1 :i* w\ld also h gone _h n ! embankm5t above giv5 way4 ,! l[] "p ( ! mead[ 0 also "u wat]4 ,x _h be5 pl[$1 & !re=e w\ld wa% readily4 ,w\ld any soil be left8 ,a few mom5ts ( calm reflection1 h[ev]1 remov$ my fe>s4 ,! trea*]\s brook _h n beguil$ me dur+ ! summ] into inadequate provision = ?is unprec$5t$ outbreak4 ,i saw t my deep1 wide cut _h kept ! flood :olly f ! upp] "p ( ! mead[1 :i* conta9$ a v valuable b$ ( high-pric$ /rawb]ry plants1 & t ! sl[ly mov+ tide :i* cov]$ ! l[] "p 0 little m ?an backwat] & ov]fl[4 ,! wide dit*es 7 c>ry+ (f swiftly & h>mlessly ! great volume t1 _h n su* *annels be5 provid$1 w\ld h made my ri* alluvial mead[ little else ?an a /ony1 gravelly wa/e4 ,& ! embankm5t _h giv5 way at a po9t too l[ d[n to p]mit mu* damage4 ,! two swales 9 ! front & re> ( ! h\se appe>$ l mill-ponds4 ,9 ! =m] in/ance1 ! wat] _h back$ up f ! m\nta9 /ream into :i* my dra9 empti$1 &1 !re=e1 x c\ld n pass (f2 & 9 ! latt] in/ance ,i c\ld sc>cely expect my little und]gr\nd *annel to dispose at once ( ! torr5ts t = =ty h\rs _h p\r$ f ! skies4 ,i mu/ give x at lea/ a night 9 :i* to cat* up4 ,& a busy night x put 91 = by morn+ x _h convey$ to dep?s unkn[n ! wide1 discolor$ pond1 t o!rwise w\ld h smo!r$ ! plants x cov]$4 ,z soon1 also1 z ! m\nta9 /ream fell bel[ ! m\? ( ! l[] dra91 x empti$ at once ! wat] re/+ on ! l[] swale4 ,?r\gh\t ! day came successive tales ( havoc & disa/]1 ( dams scoop$ out1 bridges swept away1 roads wa%$ into /ony gul*es1 & fields & g>d5s ov]:elm$ ) debris4 ,! ,idlewild brook1 t ! poet ,willis made s fam\s1 seem$ almo/ demoniac 9 its p[] & fury4 ,n cont5t ) wa%+ away dams1 roads1 & bridges1 x swept a heavy wall across a field z if ! /ones 7 pebbles4 ,my ?ree div]se sy/ems ( dra9age _h ?us practically /ood ! sev]e/ te/1 p]haps1 t w ev] be put ^u !m1 & my gr\nds _h n be5 damag$ to any ext5t wor? nam+4 ,! co/ _h be5 consid]able1 b ! injury caus$ by t "o /orm w\ld h am\nt$ to a l>g] sum _h !re be5 no o!r *annels = ! wat] ?an ^? provid$ by nature4 ,my read]s w f9d1 9 _m in/ances1 t !y h l& :i* mu/ be or may be dra9$4 ,if x c be done suffici5tly1 ! v ideal /rawb]ry soil may be secur$--moi/ & deep1 b n wet4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soils ,,comp>atively ,,unfavorable--,,clay1 ,,s&1 ,,etc4 ,we h n[ rea*$ a po9t at :i* we mu/ consid] l& :i* 9 its ess5tial "* is unfavorable to /rawb]ries1 & yet :i* may be ! be/ to be _h4 ,! difficulties "h are n m]ely accid5tal or rem$iable1 su* z lack ( dep? or f]tility1 ! pres5ce ( /ones or /umps1 undue wetness ( soil1 etc4 ,any or all ( ^! ob/acles may be f\nd1 b 9 addition !re are evils insep>able f ! soil1 & :i* _c be :olly eradicat$4 ,! be/ we c hope 9 su* a case is to make up by art :at is lack+ 9 nature4 ,?is div]g5ce f ! deep1 moi/ s&y loam1 ! ideal /rawb]ry l&1 is usually t[>d a /iff1 cold1 /ubborn clay1 or t[>d a dr\ghty1 lea*y s& t reta9s nei!r f]tility nor moi/ure4 ,( c\rse1 ^! opposite soils require 9 mo/ respects diff]5t treatm5t4 ,we w consid] fir/ ! less objectionable1 t is1 ! heavy clay4 ,to call clay m favorable = /rawb]ries ?an s&y l& may seem l h]esy to _m1 = x is a popul> impression t light soils are ! be/4 ,exp]i5ce & obs]vation h1 h[ev]1 conv9c$ me ( ! contr>y4 ,) ! clay y h a /able f\ndation4 ,y\r progress may be sl[1 b x c be made sure4 ,! "* ( a s&y f\ndation 0 taught c5turies ago4 ,moreov]1 all ! f9e =eign-blood$ v>ieties1 z well z our be/ native ones1 gr[ f> bett] on heavy l&1 & a soil l>gely mix$ ) clay gives a wid] range 9 ! *oice ( v>ieties4 ,if ,i _h my *oice betwe5 a f>m ( cold1 /iff clay or light1 lea*y l&1 ,i w\ld unhesitat+ly take ! =m]1 & ,i w\ld ov]come its native unfitness by ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,if at all incl9$ to be wet1 z w\ld be natural f its t5aci\s texture1 ,i %\ld fir/ und]dra9 x ?or\ghly ) tile4 ,!n1 if ,i f\nd a fair am\nt ( vegetable matt]1 ,i w\ld give x a dress+ ( air-slak$ lime1 & pl[ x deeply late 9 ! fall1 leav+ x unh>r[$ s z to expose z mu* ( ! soil z possible to ! action ( fro/4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! gr\nd 0 dry en\gh to "w & all dang] ( fro/ 0 ov]1 ,i w\ld h>r[ 9 buck:eat & pl[ x "u z x came into blossom2 !n s[ a second crop & pl[ t "u also4 ,x is ! *>act]i/ic ( buck:eat to light5 & clean l&1 & ! read] p]ceives t x %\ld be our con/ant aim to imp>t lightness & life to ! heavy soil4 ,lime1 9 addition to its f]tiliz+ effects1 acts *emically on ! gr\nd1 produc+ ! desir$ effect4 ,x may be object$ t lime is n good = /rawb]ries4 ,t is true if crude lime is appli$ directly to ! plants1 z we w\ld a%es or bone-du/2 b :5 x is mix$ ) ! soil = mon?s1 x is s neutraliz$ z to be helpful1 & 9 ! meantime its action on ! soil itself is ( great value4 ,x mu/ be us$ = /rawb]ries1 h[ev]1 9 m limit$ quantities ?an = _m o!r crops1 or else m "t mu/ be giv5 = x to become incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,! co>se gre5 /raw ( ! buck:eat is useful by its me*anical division ( ! heavy l&1 :ile at ! same "t its decomposition fills ! soil ) ammonia & o!r gases vitally necess>y to ! plant4 ,a clay soil reta9s ^! gases ) little wa/e4 ,x is ?us capable ( be+ enri*$ to almo/ any ext5t1 & c be made a /oreh\se ( weal?4 ,:]e x c be procur$1 !re is no bett] f]tiliz] = clay l& ?an ! product ( ! horse-/able1 :i*1 z a rule1 c be pl[$ "u 9 its raw1 unf]m5t$ /ate1 its heat & action 9 decay produc+ ! be/ results4 ,( c\rse1 judgm5t & mod]ation mu/ be employ$4 ,! roots ( a "y1 gr[+ plant _c fe$ 9 a mass ( f]m5t+ manure1 no matt] :at ! soil may be4 ,! po9t ,i wi% to make is t cold1 heavy l& is greatly b5efit$ by hav+ ^! heat+1 gas-produc+ processes take place b5ea? its surface4 ,aft] !y are ov]1 ! tall1 rank foliage & enorm\s fruit ( ! ,jucunda /rawb]ry 7a v>iety t c sc>cely gr[ at all 9 s&7 w %[ ! capabilities ( clay4 ,heavy l& is ! favorite home ( ! grasses1 & is usually cov]$ ) a ?ick1 t5aci\s sod4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be ?or\ghly subdu$ be=e /rawb]ries are plant$1 or else y w h a hay-field 9 spite ( all y c d4 ,! decay ( ?is mass ( roots1 h[ev]1 furni%es j ! food requir$1 & a crop ( buck:eat greatly ha/5s decomposition1 & adds its own bulk & f]tility :5 pl[$ "u4 ,i ?9k x w sc>cely ev] pay to plant /rawb]ries directly on ! sod ( heavy l&4 ,:ile buck:eat is a good gre5 crop to pl[ "u1 if ! cultivator c wait = ! m sl[ly matur+ r$-top clov]1 he w f9d x f> bett]1 bo? to enri* & to light5 up 8 heavy soil2 = x is ju/ly reg>d$ z ! be/ means ( imp>t+ ! mell[ness & friability 9 :i* ! roots ( /rawb]ries z well z all o!r plants luxuriate4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 soils fit = bricks & pip+ only1 b 9 mo/ in/ances1 by a judici\s use ( ! means sugge/$1 !y c be made to produce heavy & long-cont9u$ crops ( ! l>ge/ fruit4 ,^! same pr9ciples apply to ! small g>d5-plot z well z to ! acre4 ,in/ead ( c>t+ (f we$s1 old pea v9es1 etc41 dig !m "u ev5ly ov] ! entire space1 :5 possible4 ,enri* ) w>m1 light f]tiliz]s1 & if a good heavy coat ( hot /rawy manure is tr5*$ 9 ! heavie/1 /ickie/ clay1 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 /rawb]ries or any?+ else c be plant$ ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! g>d5]1 :o ?us exp5ds a little ?\ght & f>sight$ labor w at la/ secure results t w surpass 8 mo/ sangu9e hopes1 & t1 too1 f l& t w\ld o!rwise be z h>d z ,ph>aoh's he>t4 ,be=e pass+ f ?is soil to t ( an opposite "*1 let me add a few words ( caution4 ,clay l& %\ld nev] be /irr$ :5 ei!r v wet or v dry1 or else a lumpy condition results t injures x = ye>s4 ,x %\ld be pl[$ or dug only :5 x crumbles4 ,:5 ! soil is /icky1 or turns up 9 great h>d lumps1 let x alone4 ,! m ha/e ! wor/ spe$4 ,aga91 ! practice ( fall pl[+1 s v b5eficial 9 latitudes :]e fro/s are sev]e & long cont9u$1 is j ! rev]se 9 ! f> ,s\?4 ,!re our sn[ is ra91 & ! upturn$ furr[s are wa%$ d[n into a smoo?1 /icky mass by ! w9t] /orms4 ,on /eep hillsides1 mu* ( ! soil w\ld ooze away ) e ra91 or slide d[nhill en masse4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 !re=e1 unless a clay soil is to be plant$ at once1 x mu/ n be di/urb$ 9 ! fall1 & x is well if x c be protect$ by /ubble or litt]1 :i* %ields x f ! direct contact ( ! ra9 & f ! sun's rays4 ,b c[-peas1 or any o!r rank-gr[+ gre5 crop adapt$ to ! locality1 is z useful to ,s\!rn clay z to ,nor!rn1 & ,s\!rn fields might be enri*$ rapidly1 s9ce _! long season p]mits ( pl[+ "u sev]al gr[?s4 ,lime & pota% 9 _! v>i\s =ms1 9 connection ) gre5 crops1 w\ld give p]man5t f]tility to e heavy acre ( ,s\!rn l&4 ,9 my judgm5t1 h[ev]1 b>ny>d manure is n surpass$ 9 value by any o!r 9 any latitude4 ,if "o own$ clay l& f :i* he c\ld n secure good crops aft] ! prep>ation t has be5 sugge/$1 he _h bett] ei!r turn x into a brick-y>d or emigrate4 ,s&y ,gr\nd4--,suppose t1 9 contra/1 our soil is a light s&4 ,9 ?is case ! "q ( cultivation is greatly simplifi$1 b ! problem ( obta9+ a heavy crop is correspond+ly difficult4 ,! pl[ & ! cultivator run readily en\gh1 & mu* less labor is requir$ to keep ! we$s 9 subjection1 b z a rule1 light l& yields little fruit2 & yet "u favorable circum/ances ,i h se5 magnific5t crops ( c]ta9 v>ieties gr[+ on s&4 ,if suffici5t moi/ure & f]tility c be ma9ta9$1 _m ( our be/ v>ieties w ?rive & produce abundantly2 b to d ?is is ! v pi? ( our difficulty4 ,too (t5 a s&y soil w n reta9 moi/ure & manure4 ,su* light l& is g5]ally v defici5t 9 vegetable matt]2 & !re=e1 :5ev] x is possible1 ,i w\ld turn "u gre5 crops4 ,if ! soil c\ld be made suffici5tly f]tile to produce a heavy crop ( clov]1 & ?is 7 pl[$ "u 9 ,june1 & !n buck:eat h>r[$ 9 & its rank gr[? turn$ "u 9 ,augu/1 /rawb]ries c\ld be plant$ z soon z ! heat ( decay 0 ov]1 ) excell5t prospects ( f9e crops = ! ?ree succe$+ ye>s4 ,did ,i propose to keep ! l& 9 /rawb]ries1 ,i w\ld !n give x ano!r ye> ( clov] & buck:eat1 add+ bone-du/1 pota%1 & a v little lime 9 "s =m4 ,! gre5 crop1 :5 decay$1 is light] ?an clay1 & r5d]s its t5aci\s texture m friable & por\s2 x also b5efits ! s&y soil by supply+ ! abs5t humus1 or vegetable m\ld1 :i* is ess5tial to all plant life4 ,?is m\ld is also cool & humid 9 its nature1 & aids 9 reta9+ moi/ure4 ,) ! exception ( ! con/ant ef=t to place gre5 vegetable matt] "u ! surface1 my treatm5t ( s&y gr\nd w\ld be ! rev]se ( t describ$ = clay4 ,be=e us+ ! product ( ! horse-/able1 ,i w\ld compo/ x ) at lea/ an equal bulk ( leaves1 muck1 sods1 or ev5 pla9 e>? if no?+ bett] c\ld be f\nd4 ,a compo/ ( /able manure ) clay w\ld be mo/ excell5t4 ,if possible1 ,i w\ld n use any manure on light gr\nd until all f]m5tation 0 ov]1 & !n ,i w\ld r h>r[ ?an pl[ x 94 ,?is w leave x ne> ! surface1 & ! ra9s w lea* x d[n to ! roots--& bel[ !m1 also--only too soon4 ,f]tility _c be /or$ up 9 s& z 9 clay1 & x %\ld be our aim to give our /rawb]ries ! food !y ne$ 9 a =m t p]mits ( its imm$iate use4 ,!re=e1 9 prep>+ su* l&1 ,i w\ld advise deep pl[+ :ile x is moi/1 if possible1 soon aft] a ra92 !n ! h>r[+ 9 ( a lib]al top-dress+ ( rott$ compo/1 or ( muck sweet5$ by ! action ( fro/ & ! f]m5tation ( manure1 or1 be/ ( all1 ! product ( ! c[-/able4 ,decay$ leaves1 sods1 & wood-a%es also make excell5t f]tiliz]s4 ,9 ! g>d51 light soils c be giv5 a mu* m /able & productive "* by cov]+ !m ) clay to ! dep? ( "o or two in*es e fall1 & !n pl[+ x 94 ,! w9t]'s fro/ & ra9s mix ! two div]se soils1 to _! mutual b5efit4 ,c>t+ s& on clay is r>ely remun]ative2 ! rev]se is decid$ly s1 & top-dress+s ( clay on light l& are (t5 m b5eficial ?an equal am\nts ( manure4 ,z practically employ$1 ,i reg>d quick1 /imulat+ manures1 l aguno1 v injuri\s to light soils4 ,i believe !m to be ! curse ( ! ,s\?4 ,!y are us$ to make a crop1 z x is t]m$2 & !y d make x = a few ye>s1 b to ! utt] impov]i%m5t ( ! l&4 ,! soil becomes z exhau/$ z a man w\ld be %\ld he seek to labor "u ! support ( /imulants only4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 an abundance ( food is ne$$4 ,a qu99e pill is n a d9n]1 & a du/+ ( guano or phosphate _c enri* ! l&4 ,& yet1 by ! aid ( ^! /imulat+ comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 ! poore/ & ?9ne/ soil c be made to produce f9e /rawb]ries1 if suffici5t moi/ure c be ma9ta9$4 ,j z a physician c rally an exhau/$ man to a condition 9 :i* he c take & be /r5g!n$ by food1 s l&1 too poor & light to spr\t a pea1 c be /imulat$ into produc+ a meagre gre5 crop ( "s k9d1 :i*1 pl[$ "u1 w enable ! l& to produce a second & heavi] burd54 ,?is1 9 turn1 plac$ 9 ! soil1 w beg9 to give a sugge/ion ( f]tility4 ,?us1 poor or exhau/$ soils c be made1 by sev]al ye>s ( skilful managem5t1 to convalesce sl[ly into /r5g?4 ,:e!r su* pati5t outlay ( "t & labor w pay on a cont95t ab\nd+ 9 l& naturally productive is a v dubi\s "q4 ,co>se1 gravelly soils are usually ev5 worse4 ,if we mu/ gr[ our /rawb]ries on !m1 give ! same g5]al treatm5t t ,i h j sugge/$4 ,on "s peat soils ! /rawb]ry ?rives abundantly2 on o!rs x burns & dw9dles4 ,"u su* conditions ,i %\ld exp]im5t ) bone-du/1 a%es1 etc41 until ,i f\nd j :at 0 lack+4 ,no writt5 directions c take ! place ( common-s5se1 judgm5t1 &1 above all1 exp]i5ce4 ,soils v>y l individual "*4 ,i h yet to le>n ( a sy/em ( rules t w tea* u h[ to deal ) e man we meet4 ,x is ev] wise1 h[ev]1 to deal ju/ly & lib]ally4 ,he t expects mu* f 8 l& mu/ give x mu*4 ,i h dwelt at l5g? on ! prep>ation & enri*m5t ( ! l&1 s9ce x is ! corn]/one ( all subsequ5t success4 ,let me close by emphasiz+ aga9 ! pr9ciple :i* 0 made prom95t at fir/4 ,?\gh we give our /rawb]ry plants ev]y?+ else !y ne$1 our crop ( fruit w yet be good or bad 9 ! proportion t we are able to ma9ta9 abundant moi/ure dur+ ! blossom+ & fruit+ season4 ,if provision c be made = irrigation1 x may increase ! yield t5fold4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,comm]cial ,,& ,,special ,,f]tiliz]s ,9 prep>+ & enri*+ ! soil1 & especially 9 subsequ5t cultivation1 conc5trat$ f]tiliz]s are v useful & (t5 ess5tial4 ,9 deal+ ) ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k we tread ^u unc]ta9 gr\nd4 ,!re is a great deal ( app>5t accuracy ( figures & analyses1 c>ri$ c>efully into decimals1 b a wond]ful deal ( vagu5ess1 unc]ta9ty1 & contradiction 9 ! exp]i5ces & m9ds ( cultivators4 ,x is well kn[n t _m comm]cial f]tiliz]s are sc&al\sly adult]at$1 & ^? :o h suff]$ f frauds are ho/ile to ! entire class4 ,9 _! /rong prejudice1 !y w nei!r discrim9ate nor inve/igate4 ,!re are o!rs :o associate ev]y?+ hav+ a *emical s\nd ) book f>m+1 & !re=e dismiss ! :ole subject ) a sniff ( contempt4 ,?is clique ( horticulturi/s is rapidly dim9i%+1 h[ev]1 = ! fruit gr[] :o does n read is l ! lawy] :o tries to practice ) b>ely a k ( ! few laws reveal$ by a limit$ exp]i5ce4 ,9 contra/1 !re are o!rs :o read & !orize too exclusively1 & are incl9$ to ass]t t conc5trat$ f]tiliz]s sup]s$e all o!rs4 ,!y sc\t ! muck swamp1 ! compo/ heap1 & ev5 ! b>ny>d1 z old-fa%ion$1 cumbr\s me?ods ( br++ to ! soil1 9 tons ( useless matt]1 ! ess5tials :i* !y c deliv] 9 a few sacks or b>rels4 ,on pap]1 !y are sci5tific & accurate4 ,! crop y wi% to raise has con/itu5ts 9 c]ta9 proportions4 ,supply ^!1 !y say1 & y h ! *emical comp\nd1 or crop4 ,a field or g>d51 h[ev]1 is n a %eet ( blank pap]1 b a comb9ation at :i* nature has be5 at "w1 & left full ( obscurities4 ,! results :i* ! agricultural *emi/ pr$ict$ s confid5tly d n always foll[1 z !y ought4 ,nature is (t5 v indiff]5t to le>n$ au?orities4 ,!re is yet ano!r class--a l>ge "o1 too--:o reg>d ^! f]tiliz]s z !y d ! drugs ( an apo!c>y4 ,!y occasionally give _! l& a dose ( !m z !y take m$ic9e !mselves1 :5 indispos$ or imag9+ !mselves s4 ,9 ei!r case !re is almo/ entire ignorance ( ! nature ( ! comp\nd or ( def9ite reasons = its usefulness4 ,bo? ! man & ! field 7 run d[n1 & "s "o said t ?is1 t1 or ! o!r ?+ 0 good4 ,!re=e x 0 tri$4 ,su* haphaz>d action is c]ta9ly n ! sure/ me?od ( secur+ heal? or f]tility4 ,9 no o!r dep>tm5t ( horticulture is !re m room = common-s5se1 accurate k1 skill1 & good managem5t1 ?an 9 ! use ( all k9ds ( f]tiliz]s1 &1 9 my judgm5t1 close & cont9u$ obs]vation is wor? volumes ( !ory4 ,! prop] enri*m5t ( ! soil is ! v corn]/one ( success1 & m fail at ?is po9t ?an at any o!r4 ,:ile ,i d n believe t accurate & complete directions = ! treatm5t ( e soil c be writt51 x is und\bt$ly true t c]ta9 correct pr9ciples c be laid d[n1 & in=mation1 sugge/ion1 & records ( exp]i5ce giv5 :i* w be v useful4 ,) su* data to />t )1 ! intellig5t cultivator c "w out ! problem ( success 9 ! peculi> conditions ( 8 own f>m or g>d54 ,x mu/ be true t l& design$ = /rawb]ries requires ^? con/itu5ts :i* are %[n to compose ! plant & fruit1 & t ! pres5ce ( ea* "o 9 ! soil %\ld be 9 proportion to ! dem& = x4 ,x is also equally pla9 t ! supply ( ^! ess5tial elem5ts %\ld be kept up 9 cont9u$ cultivation4 ,!re=e1 ! "q naturally arises1 :at are /rawb]ry plants & fruit made (8 ,mod]n w9e1 we "k1 c be made )\t any grape juice :atev]1 b z ,nature comp\nds /rawb]ries 9 ! op5 sunlight1 in/ead ( 9 back rooms & cell>s1 %e insi/s on all ! prop] +r$i5ts be=e %e w =m ! requir$ comb9ation4 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman gives a v int]e/+ lett] f ,pr(4 ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson1 ( ! ,connecticut ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 conta9+ ! foll[+ c>eful analysis made by ,j4 ,isidore ,pi]re1 a ,fr5* writ]4 ,pi]re1 says ! pr(essor1 gives a /atem5t ( ! composition1 exclusive ( wat]1 ( ! total yield p] hect>e ( fruit1 tak5 up to ,june #cj1 & ( leaves1 /ems & runn]s1 tak5 up to ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,^! results1 calculat$ 9 p\nds p] acre1 are ! foll[+ 7! plants conta9$ #fb4c p] c5t ( wat] & fruit #ij p] c5t73 ,composition ( ! wat]-free /rawb]ry crop 7except roots71 at ! middle ( ,augu/1 9 p\nds p] acre1 accord+ to ,pi]re3 ,plants ,fruits ,totals ,organic matt]1 exclusive ( nitrog5 #dbfh4d #ajec4e #ecba4i ,nitrog5 #hh4e #af4j #ajd4e ,silica1 iron & manganese oxides #dc4c #a4e_/c4h #dh4f ,phosphoric acid #ce4c #e4d #dj4g ,lime #ajb4g #g4i #aaj4f ,magnesia #af4a 4#g #af4h ,pota% #hi4a #ai4g #ajh4h ,soda #f4d 4#i #g4c ,o!r matt]s #abj4i #h4h #abi4g ,dry sub/ance #dggj4g #aaah4b #ehhh4i ,^! are ! con/itu5ts t1 to />t )1 mu/ be 9 ! soil1 & :i* mu/ be kept !re4 ,?is array ( :at to _m are b obscure *emicals ne$ n cause misgiv+s1 s9ce 9 mo/ in/ances nature has /or$ !m 9 ! virg9 soil 9 abundant proportions4 ,ev5 9 well-worn1 long cultivat$ fields1 "s ( !m may exi/ 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,!re=e1 buy+ a special f]tiliz] is (t5 l c>ry+ coals to ,newca/le4 ,useless exp5diture may be incurr$1 also1 by supply+ "s1 b n all1 ( ! ess5tial +r$i5ts4 ,a f>m] appli$ six hundr$ p\nds ( sup]phosphate to a plat ( corn-l&1 & ?ree hundr$ p\nds to an adjac5t plat :]e9 ! conditions 7 ! same4 ,! yield ( ! fir/ plat 0 sc>cely 9 excess ( t ( ! second1 & 9 nei!r case 0 !re a suffici5t increase to repay = ! f]tiliz]4 ,x does n foll[ t ! man us$ an adult]at$ & wor?less article4 ,analysis %[s t corn ne$s nitrog5 & pota% 9 l>ge proportions2 & if ^! _h be5 employ$ ) ! sup]phosphate1 ! result probably w\ld h be5 v diff]5t4 ,sup]phosphate conta9s nitrog51 b n 9 suffici5t degree4 ,^! consid]ations br+ u to ! s\nd conclusion t 9 enri*+ our l& x w\ld be wise to use complete f]tiliz]s z f> z possible2 t is1 manures conta9+ all1 or ne>ly all1 ! ess5tial +r$i5ts ( ! /rawb]ry plant & fruit4 ,if we c\ld always "k j :at elem5ts are lack+ 9 our soils1 we c\ld m]ely supply ^!2 b frequ5t analyses are exp5sive1 & (t5 mislead+1 at be/4 ,! safe/ plan is always to keep )9 rea* ( ! plants ! food we "k !y require1 & ! roots1 ) un]r+ in/9ct1 w att5d to ! proportions4 ,h5ce ! value ( b>ny>d manure 9 ! e/imation ( pla9 common-s5se4 ,a s5sible writ] has cle>ly %[n t f tw5ty-?ree c[s & five horses1 if prop] absorb5ts are us$1 #e4hg wor? ( nitrog51 pota%1 & phosphoric acid c be obta9$ e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 e/imat+ ^! vitally important elem5ts ( plant-food at _! :olesale valuation4 ,9 addition1 !re are ! o!r con/itu5ts ( ! y>d manure :i*1 if n s valuable1 are /ill v useful4 ,to p]mit ! wa/e ( any f]tiliz] t c be sav$ or made ^u our places1 & !n buy ! same ?+ ) ! *ance ( be+ *eat$1 is ?us %[n to be wret*$ economy4 ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s c nev] sup]s$e ! compo/ heap1 into :i* %\ld g ev]y?+ :i* w enable u to place 9 ! soil organic matt] & ! o!r elem5ts t 7 giv5 9 ! analysis2 & if all ! sewage & wa/e ( ! dwell+ & ! products ( ! /able1 /ys & p\ltry-h\se 7 well compo/$ ) muck1 sod1 leaves1 or ev5 common e>?1 & us$ lib]ally1 magnific5t & cont9u$ crops ( /rawb]ries c\ld be rais$ f ne>ly all soils4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 home-made compo/s are :olly inadequate to supply ! ne$1 & /able manures are too co/ly or n to be obta9$4 ,! fruit gr[] %\ld !n g to ^? manufactur]s ( f]tiliz]s :o h ! be/ reputation1 & :o give ! be/ gu>antees aga9/ deception4 ,!re are p]fectly hone/ deal]s1 & x is by f> ! *eape/ 9 ! end to pay !m _! price = a g5u9e article4 ,if su* conc5trat$ ag5ts are us$ 9 connection ) a gre5 crop l clov]1 l& c be made1 & kept productive cont9u\sly4 ,9 ! use ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 !re %\ld be a con/ant & intellig5t ef=t to keep up a supply ( all ! ess5tial +r$i5ts4 ,wood-a%es is a specific = /rawb]ries4 ,i h nev] f\nd any "o ?+ s good1 & yet x is sub/antially b "o ?+1 pota%1 & ,i %\ld rememb] t ! plant also requires nitrog51 :i* guano1 or "s =m ( animal manure1 w\ld furni%2 lime1 :i* is be/ appli$ to ! /rawb]ry 9 ! =m ( bone meal1 etc4 ,! ess5tial phosphoric acid is furni%$ 9 bone meal1 ! sup]phosphates1 & also 9 wood-a%es4 ,by ref]r+ to an analysis ( ! a% ( r$ clov]1 x w be f\nd to conta9 ne>ly ev]y?+ t ! /rawb]ry requires4 ,! man :o reads1 obs]ves1 & exp]im5ts c>efully1 w f9d t he c accompli% mu* ) lime & salt4 ,if "o has l& full ( vegetable or organic matt]1 an application ( lime w r5d] ?is matt] fit = plant food1 & ! lime itself1 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> or less1 w be r5d]$ h>mless 9 ! process4 ,x also sweet5s & light5s heavy1 s\r l&1 & ?us1 9 "t r5d]s x bett] adapt$ to ! /rawb]ry2 b lime %\ld n be appli$ directly1 9 any consid]able quantity1 to /rawb]ry plants1 nor %\ld x be us$ on v light soils defici5t 9 vegetable matt]4 ,! judici\s use ( salt 9 small quantities w1 ,i ?9k1 prove v b5eficial1 especially on light upl&4 ,x t5ds to prev5t injury f dr\ght1 & to cle> ! l& ( ! l>vae ( insects4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t mu* c be accompli%$ ) ?is ag5t1 & hope to make "s c>eful exp]im5ts ) x4 ,b x %\ld be us$ v cauti\sly1 or x w *eck or de/roy gr[?4 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,hale1 ( ,s\? ,gla/onbury1 ,conn41 t is su* a cle> & int]e/+ record ( exp]i5ce on ?is subject t ,i am l$ to give x almo/ entire3 ,we h always us$ ,p]uvian guano1 fi% scrap1 & gr\nd bone to "s ext5t1 b until ! pa/ five ye>s h dep5d$ ma9ly ^u /able manure br\ght f ,new ,york city on boats1 us+ ab\t fifte5 cords p] acre ye>ly1 & always ) satisfactory results1 ! only objection be+ ! exp5se4 ,! price rang$ f #h to #ab p] cord1 or on an av]age ( #aej p] acre2 & 9 try+ to r$uce ?is exp5se we comm5c$ te/+ diff]5t f]tiliz]s1 plant+1 9 #ahgd1 "o acre ( /rawb]ries manur$ ) two tons ( fi% scrap1 at #bj p] ton1 & "o hundr$ bu%els ( unlea*$ wood-a%es1 at #cj c5ts p] bu%el2 mak+ a total co/ ( #gj4 ,! result 0 a /rong1 rapid gr[? ( plants e>ly 9 ! summ]1 b 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] !y began to %[ signs ( n hav+ plant food en\gh1 & !n we saw our mi/ake 9 us+ fi% 9 place ( bone1 or "s o!r sl[-act+ f]tiliz] t ! plants c\ld n h tak5 up s gre$ily e>ly 9 ! summ]1 b w\ld h _h to fe$ on sl[ly all ?r\gh ! season4 ,! fruit crop ! foll[+ ye>1 z might h be5 expect$1 0 n a success1 be+ only ab\t half a crop4 ,9 #ahge1 we plant$ ano!r acre1 us+ "o ton ( gr\nd bone & "o hundr$ bu%els ( wood-a%es1 at a total co/ ( #gc2 ! result 0 a f9e1 ev5 gr[? ( plants all ?r\gh ! season1 & a p]fect crop ( fruit ! foll[+ ye>1 fully equal to t on adjo9+ acres t _h be5 manur$ ) /able manure at a co/ ( #aej p] acre1 to say no?+ ( ! c>t+ ( su* a great bulk ( manure4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahgf1 be+ s well pleas$ ) ! appe>ance ( our "o acre manur$ ) bone & a%es1 we plann$ to f]tilize all ( our fruits 9 ! same way4 ,!n ! "q arose1 :]e 7 we to get ! a%es8 ,we c\ld buy en\gh = an acre or two1 b n en\gh = our :ole f>m4 ,:at 7 we to d8 ,pota% we mu/ h1 z t is ! lead+ elem5t ( plant food requir$ by small fruits ( all k9ds4 ,we f\nd we mu/ look to ! ,g]man pota% salts = :at we want$1 & we !re=e b\ght sev]al tons ( ,high ,grade 7#hj p] c5t7 muriate ( pota% at #dj p] ton1 us+ #a1jjj p\nds p] acre1 & "o ton ( bone at #ce1 mak+ a total co/ ( only #ee p] acre4 ,! plants did n gr[ q z well e>ly 9 ! season z ^? on ! fields :]e a%es 7 us$1 b lat] 9 ! season !y made a v f9e gr[?1 & at fruit+ "t1 9 #ahgg1 we h>ve/$ a full & abundant crop ( /rawb]ries & raspb]ries4 ,s9ce t "t we h us$ no?+ b gr\nd bone & muriate ( pota% to manure all ( our b]ry fields )1 & cont9ue to get fully z satisfactory results z 9 =m] ye>s1 :5 we dep5d$ ^u /able manure at m ?an d\ble ! co/ p] acre4 ,"s p>ties :o h be5 look+ into ! matt] sugge/ t possibly our satisfactory results are ow+ n s mu* to ! f]tiliz]s z to ! lib]al supply ( /able manure us$ 9 =m] ye>s4 ,yet ! pa/ season we pick$ #adc bu%els ( ,*>les ,d[n+s p] acre1 f a field manur$ ) bone & pota%1 s poor & worn-out t two ye>s be=e x w\ld only produce six bu%els ( rye p] acre4 ,t l& _h no /able manure on x1 & if x 0 n ! bone & pota% t furni%$ food = ! b]ries1 we w\ld l to "k :at x 04 ,! "o mi/ake we h made is1 ,i ?9k1 9 n us+ six or eight hundr$ p\nds ( fi% scrap or guano1 & only #a1ejj p\nds ( bone4 ,! fi% or guano1 be+ su* quick-act+ f]tiliz]s1 w\ld give ! plants a mu* bett] />t e>ly 9 ! season ?an w\ld be ! case if only ! bone & pota% 7 us$4 ,we %all try x ! com+ spr+4 ,9 apply+ ! pota% great c>e %\ld be tak5 to h x ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil1 x be+ only ab\t #ee p] c5t actual pota%2 ! balance1 be+ l>gely compos$ ( salt1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 kill ! roots ( "y plants if br\ght directly 9 contact ) !m4 ,9 fields :]e we h us$ ! pota%1 we h be5 tr\bl$ ) :ite grubs only to a v limit$ ext5t1 :ile portions ( ! same field :]e /able manure _h be5 us$ 7 badly infe/$ ) !m1 & :ile ,i d n ?9k salt w drive !m ail out ( ! soil1 ,i d believe x w d s to "s ext5t4 ,besides ! f]tiliz]s ,i h nam$1 we h 9 ! pa/ six ye>s exp]im5t$ 9 a small way ) _m o!rs4 ,among !m ,/ockbridge's /rawb]ry manure & ,mapes' fruit & v9e manures1 b h nev] _h z good returns = ! money inve/$ z f ! bone & pota%2 & yet1 :ile !y h prov$ ( su* great value to u1 ,i w\ld n advise y or any "o to give up /able manure = !m if y c get x at ! same co/ p] acre1 b if y _c1 !n ,i say try bone du/ & pota% 9 a small way1 until y le>n j :at y\r soil wants1 & !n supply x1 :e!r x be #ejj1 #a1jjj1 or #b1jjj p\nds p] acre4 ,mr4 ,hale adds3 ,! mo/ ( our soil is a s&y loam4 ,we h "s heavy loam & a few acres ( clay gravel1 & we h always _h good results f ! use ( bone & pota% on all ( ^! soils4 ,we h nev] us$ lime on our b]ry fields at ! "t ( plant+1 & yet1 z y "k1 all ( our ,new ,engl& soils are defici5t 9 lime4 ,we use "s indirectly1 z we gr[ clov] to pl[ "u1 & usually give at t "t a good dress+ ( lime4 ,z we try to h a new clov] field e ye>1 we get all ar\nd ! f>m 9 six or eight ye>s1 & we !re=e get a dress+ ( lime all ar\nd once 9 t "t1 & h nev] be5 able to see any ill effects f x4 ,9 fact1 we believe x a positive b5efit 9 help+ to keep d[n sorrel1 if no?+ m4 ,!re w\ld be v few worn-out f>ms1 or pov]ty-/rick5 f>m]s1 if all foll[$ ! example ( ! ,hale bro!rs4 ,! value ( pota% & bone meal is ?us cle>ly %[n1 b ! latt] does n conta9 nitrog5 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,hale is correct 9 ! op9ion t he c secure bett] results by us+ at ! same "t "s nitrog5\s manure1 l fi% scrap1 guano1 etc4 ,if he _h heavy1 cold1 clay l& to deal )1 x is possible t he might f9d ! /able manure ! *eape/ & be/ 9 ! long run1 ev5 at its increas$ co/4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,f]ris1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 writes to me t he has f\nd great advantage 9 ! use ( ! ,mapes ,/ockbridge special f]tiliz]s4 ,my exp]i5ce1 he says1 is only z to /rawb]ries1 & on !m ,i w\ld say t ! result ( apply+ equal values ( manure--/able & comm]cial--z to co/1 w\ld be f t5 to tw5ty-five p] c5t 9 favor ( ! comm]cial1 z a /imulant to apply 9 ! spr+1 or1 9 small quantities1 to plants fir/ />t+4 ,?is does n apply to ! fir/ prep>ation ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 ?is direction ,i propose to exp]im5t4 ,i h h]et(ore appli$ f]tiliz]s e>ly 9 spr+ by h&1 di/ribut+ x along ! r[s4 ,records ( v>y+ exp]i5ces1 & ! discussion ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 might be cont9u$ indef9itely1 b en\gh has be5 said1 ,i ?9k1 to sugge/ to ea* cultivator unacqua9t$ ) ! subject 9 :at directions he %\ld seek success4 ,if ,i 7 ask$ :at is ! "o special manure 9 :i* ! /rawb]ry especially delights1 ,i %\ld answ] unhesitat+ly1 ! well decay$ & compo/$ production ( ! c[-/able1 & if ! read] _h se5 ,mr4 ,dur&'s b$s ( ! ,great ,am]ican v>iety 9 be>+1 aft] be+ enri*$ ) ?is mat]ial1 he w\ld be well satisfi$ to use x :5 x c\ld be obta9$4 ,! v9es ( ev5 ?is fa/idi\s b]ry1 t falt]s & fails 9 mo/ soils1 av]ag$ "o foot 9 height1 & 7 load$ ) enorm\s fruit4 ,! subject may be summ$ up by an extract f a lett] ( ,mr4 ,alex&] ,hyde to ! ,new ,york ,times3 ,nitrates1 phosphates1 & ammonia are good f]tiliz]s1 & j ! *emicals :i* mo/ l&s ne$1 b plants require a good b$ z well z good food4 ,! physical condition ( ! soil1 z well z ! *emical1 mu/ receive att5tion2 & we "k ( no?+ sup]ior to a well-made compo/ = furni%+ bo? ! *emical & physical conditions necess>y = ! developm5t ( our crops4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,obta9+ ,,plants ,,& ,,improv+ ,,our ,,/ock ,hav+ prep>$ & enri*$ our gr\nd1 we are ready = ! plants4 ,!y c (t5 be obta9$ f a good neighbor ^: b$s we h wat*$ across ! f5ce1 & ^: v>ieties we h sampl$ to our satisfaction4 ,b ! mo/ lib]al neighbors may n be able to furni% all we ne$1 or ! k9ds we wi%4 ,moreov]1 9 private g>d5s1 names & v>ieties are usually 9 a sad tangle4 ,we mu/ g to ! nurs]yman4 ,at ?is po9t1 p]haps1 a brief appeal to ! read]'s common-s5se may save mu* subsequ5t loss & disappo9tm5t4 ,9 mo/ ( our pur*ases1 we see ! article be=e we take x1 & c e/imate its value4 ,j ! rev]se is usually true ( plants4 ,we "k--or believe--t c]ta9 v>ieties are valuable1 & we ord] !m f a di/ance1 pay+ 9 advance4 ,:5 receiv$1 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ _c be sure t ! plants are true to ! names !y be>4 ,we mu/ plant !m 9 our c>efully prep>$ l&1 exp5d ^u !m money1 labor1 &1 above all1 mon?s & ye>s ( our brief lives1 only to le>n1 p]haps1 t ! v>ieties are n :at we ord]$1 & t we h wa/$ ev]y?+ on a wor?less k9d4 ,! importance ( />t+ "r1 !re=e1 c sc>cely be ov]e/imat$4 ,x is always be/ to buy ( m5 :o1 9 ! ma91 gr[ _! own /ock1 & !re=e "k ab\t x1 & :o h e/abli%$ a reputation = integrity & accuracy4 ,! it9]ant ag5t flits f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia1 & too (t5 ! m>vell\s portraits ( fruits t he exhibits d n ev5 resemble ! v>ieties ^: names !y be>4 ,x is be/ to buy ( ^? :o h a local habitation & a "n1 & !n1 if any?+ is wrong1 "o kn[s :]e to look = r$ress4 ,ev5 if "o wi%es to be accurate1 x is difficult to "k t "o's /ock is absolutely pure & true to "n4 ,! evil ( mix$ plants is m (t5 p]petuat$ 9 ! foll[+ innoc5t mann] ?an by any int5tional deception3 ,= in/ance1 "o buys f a tru/wor?y s\rce1 z he supposes1 a ?\s& ,mon>* /rawb]ry plants1 & sets !m out 9 ! spr+4 ,all blossoms %\ld be pick$ (f ! fir/ ye>1 &1 !re=e1 !re c be no fruit z a te/ ( purity t season4 ,b by fall !re are _m ?\s&s ( "y plants4 ,! gr[] naturally says3 ,i b\ght ^! = ! ,mon>*1 !re=e !y are ,mon>*s1 & he sells _m plants z su*4 ,:5 com+ into fruit ! second summ]1 he f9ds1 h[ev]1 t n "o 9 tw5ty is a ,mon>* plant4 ,z an hone/ man1 he n[ digs !m "u 9 disgu/2 b ! mis*ief has already be5 done1 & scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry are ?\s&s ( mix$ plants :i* multiply ) ! vigor ( evil4 ,nurs]ym5 %\ld nev] take v>ieties = grant$1 no matt] :]e obta9$4 ,i endeavor s to tra9 my eye t ,i c detect ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ev5 9 ! foliage & blossoms1 & if any?+ looks suspici\s ,i root x out4 ,! foliage ( ! ,mon>* ( ! ,we/ is s di/9ct t if "o le>ns to "k x he c tell :e!r 8 plants are mix$ at a glance4 ,if possible1 ! nurs]yman %\ld />t ) plants t he kn[s to be g5u9e1 & propagate f !m4 ,!n1 by con/ant & p]sonal vigilance1 he c ma9ta9 a /ock t w n be productive *iefly ( pr(anity :5 com+ into fruit4 ,?is scrut9y ( propagat+ b$s is a dep>tm5t t ,i %all nev] delegate to any "o else4 ,x is n ?rift to save 9 ! fir/ co/ ( plants1 if !reby ! risk ( obta9+ poor1 mix$ v>ieties is increas$4 ,i d n c>e to save five doll>s to-day & lose fifty by ! op]ation )9 a ye>4 ,a g5tleman wrote to me1 ,i h be5 outrage\sly *eat$ 9 buy+ plants4 ,on ! same page he ask$ me to furni% /ock at rates z absurdly l[ z ^? ( ! man :o *eat$ him4 ,if "o insi/s on hav+ an article at f> less ?an ! co/ ( production1 x is n /range t he f9ds "s :o w *eat him outrage\sly4 ,i f9d x by f> ! *eape/ 9 ! long run to g to ! mo/ tru/wor?y s\rces1 & pay ! gr[] a price :i* enables him to give me j :at ,i want4 ,:5 plants are bo? f9e & g5u9e !y c /ill be spoil$1 or1 at lea/1 injur$ 9 transit f ! gr\nd :]e !y grew4 ,dig s z to save all ! roots1 %ake ^! clean ( e>?1 /raight5 !m out1 & tie ! plants into bundles ( fifty4 ,pack 9 boxes1 ) ! roots d[n 9 moss & ! tops expos$ to ! air4 ,d n press !m 9 too tightly or make !m too wet1 or else ! plants become heat$ --a process :i* spe$ily robs !m ( all vitality4 ,9 cool seasons1 & :5 ! di/ance is n too great1 plants c be %ipp$ 9 b>rels ?ickly p]=at$ ) holes4 ,! tops %\ld be t[>d ! sides & ! roots 9 ! c5tre1 d[n ?r\gh :i* !re %\ld be a circulation ( air4 ,9 e case1 envelop ! roots 9 damp moss or leaves--damp1 b n wet4 ,plants c be s5t by mail at ! rate ( "o c5t p] ounce1 & ^? obta9$ 9 ?is way r>ely fail 9 do+ well4 ,?is fact %\ld be c>efully kept 9 m9d by ^? resid+ long di/ances f express (fices1 or ! po9ts f :i* !y wi% to ord] _! plants4 ,packages weigh+ f\r p\nds & less c be s5t by mail & receiv$ ) our lett]s1 & by a little inquiry & calculation x may be f\nd ! *eape/ & mo/ conv5i5t way ( obta9+ !m4 ,i f9d no difficulty 9 mail+ all ! small fruit plants to e "p ( ! cont95t4 ,! great] "p ( ! c\nt+ & pack+ ( plants %\ld be done 9 a cell>1 or "s place ( l[1 ev5 temp]ature1 9 ord] to prev5t ! little fibr\s roots1 on :i* ! future gr[? s greatly dep5ds1 f becom+ %rivell$4 ,! be/ "p ( ! roots are extremely s5sitive to sunlight or fro/1 &1 worse ?an all1 to a cold1 dry w9d4 ,!re=e1 h ! plants ga!r$ up z fa/ z !y are dug & c>ri$ to a damp1 cool room1 :]e ! temp]ature v>ies b little4 ,f su* a place !y c be pack$ & %ipp$ ) ! leisure t insures c>eful "w4 ,aft] hav+ obta9$ good1 g5u9e plants to />t )1 we c greatly improve our /ock by a sy/em ( c>eful selection4 ,?is is a tru? ( great importance1 b s obvi\s t we ne$ n dwell long ^u x4 ,let me illu/rate :at ,i mean by ! c\rse ,i propose to ent] ^u dur+ ! com+ season4 ,9 our b$s ( ea* v>iety !re w be a few plants t1 = "s reason1 w surpass all ! o!rs 9 vigor1 productiv5ess1 & especially 9 ! manife/ation ( ! peculi> & di/+ui%+ traits ( ! v>iety4 ,i %all c>efully m>k su* plants1 remove all o!rs f _! vic9ity1 & propagate f !m4 ,?us1 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree ye>s1 ,i %all r5ew my entire /ock ( /&>d v>ieties f ! v be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic specim5s ( ea* k9d4 ,f ?is improv$ /ock ! be/ types %\ld be *os5 aga9 & aga92 & by ?is c\rse ,i am satisfi$ t a surpris+ degree ( excell5ce c be atta9$4 ,x is on ! same pr9ciple ( c>eful bre$+ f blood$ & p]fect animals4 ,f v _m localities come ! compla9t t ,wilsons & o!r f9e old v>ieties are runn+ out4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise1 9 view ( ! treatm5t !y receive & ! c>eless way 9 :i* !y are propagat$8 ,ev5 :5 unmix$1 !y are usually ! enfeebl$ *ildr5 ( deg5]ate p>5ts4 ,!re is no v>iety 9 ! c\ntry m badly mix$ ?an ! ,wilson2 & ! tr\ble (t5 arises f wild /rawb]ries creep+ 9 among !m f ! edges ( ! field4 ,! spuri\s plants are tak5 up ) ! o!rs1 & ! mixture is scatt]$ up & d[n ! l&4 ,! same is true ) o!r v>ieties t h long be5 9 cultivation4 ,inde$1 ,i h f\nd mixtures 9 new v>ieties obta9$ directly f ! orig9ators4 ,!re=e ! ne$ t ! plant gr[] %\ld give p]sonal & unceas+ vigilance to ! /ock f :i* he propagates1 & t ^? :o take a pride 9 improv+ _! /ock %\ld (t5 scan _! b$s n>r[ly4 ,moreov]1 if a b$ /&s sev]al ye>s 9 ! same place1 new se$l+s may spr+ up1 & ?us create a mixture4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,:5 ,,%all ,,we ,,plant8 ,nature has end[$ ! /rawb]ry-plant ) ! p[] ( tak+ root & gr[+ readily at almo/ any season :5 "y plants c be obta9$4 ,my be/ success1 h[ev]1 has be5 9 ,novemb] & e>ly spr+4 ,! latt] "p ( ,may & ! mon? ( ,june is ! only "t at :i* ,i h n plant$ ) satisfactory results4 ,9 ,nor!rn latitudes1 e>ly spr+ is pref]able1 = at ?is season ! gr\nd is moi/1 %[]s are abundant1 & ! impulse ( gr[? is /rong4 ,! wea!r is cool1 also1 & !re=e ! plants r>ely heat or dry out dur+ transportation4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 autumn is by f> ! be/ "t to plant4 ,:5 ! "y plants are gr[n on ! same place1 !y may be transf]r$ to ! fruit+ b$s & fields any "t betwe5 ,july & ! middle ( ,novemb]4 ,! e>li] !y are set out1 if !y c be kept gr[+ dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! hot season1 ! l>g] w be ! yield ! foll[+ spr+4 ,z a rule1 plants1 unless gr[n 9 pots1 c n be %ipp$ f ! ,nor? or ,s\? until cold wea!r4 ,! =w>d+ to ! latitude ( ,ri*mond beg9s 9 ,septemb]1 & to po9ts fur!r s\? 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]2 f ,florida to ,l\isiana ,i he> ( almo/ unv>y+ success4 ,( late ye>s ! practice ( gr[+ plants 9 pots & s5d+ !m out z ! flori/s d fl[]s has become v preval5t4 ,^! pott$ plants c be set out 9 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 & ! ball ( e>? cl++ to _! roots prev5ts wilt+1 &1 unless !y are neglect$1 insures _! liv+4 ,pot-gr[n plants are readily obta9$ by s9k+ two & a half or ?ree in* pots up to _! rims 9 ! propagat+-b$s1 & fill+ !m ) ri* e>? m+l$ ) old1 ?or\ghly rott$ compo/1 leaf m\ld1 decay$ sods1 etc41 b nev] ) fre%1 unf]m5t$ manure4 ,i h f\nd ! admixture ( a little f9e bone meal ) ! soil to be /rong aid to vigor\s gr[?4 ,! "y runn]s are !n s guid$ & held d[n by a small /one or lump ( e>? t !y w take root 9 ! pots1 inde$1 q l>ge plants1 if /ill atta*$ to ?rifty runn]s1 may be tak5 up1 _! roots %ort5$ to "o-qu>t] ( an in*1 & ^! ins]t$ 9 ! little pots1 :i* w be spe$ily fill$ ) a new gr[? ( roots4 ,x is v important t abundant & cont9u\s moi/ure %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,a hot w9d or a scor*+ sun w dry out )9 a few h\rs ! small am\nt ( e>? ! pots conta91 & ! plants ?us receive a *eck f :i* !y may nev] recov]4 ,! amateur %\ld wat* !m closely1 & ! plant gr[] %\ld employ a man ) ! cle> und]/&+ t he w\ld lose 8 position if he p]mitt$ moi/ure to fail ev5 = half a day4 ,9 ab\t two weeks1 ) good managem5t1 ! plants w fill ! pots ) roots1 :i* s int]lace z to hold ! ball ( e>? compactly toge!r dur+ transportation4 ,?is ball ( e>? ) ! roots1 sep>ates readily f ! pot1 & ! plant1 ?us su/a9$1 c\ld be %ipp$ ar\nd ! _w if kept f dry+ out & ! foliage protect$ f ! effects ( alt]nate heat & cold4 ,! agricultural editor ( ! ,new ,york ,weekly ,times writes me t ! pott$ plants are wor? _! increas$ co/1 if = no o!r reason1 because !y are s easily plant$ 9 hot wea!r4 ,! *ief advantage ( summ] plant+ lies 9 ! fact t we obta9 a good crop ! foll[+ season1 :ile plants set out 9 spr+ %\ld n be p]mitt$ to be> at all ! same ye>4 ,if we discov] 9 ,may or ,june t our supply is insuffici5t1 or t "s new v>ieties (f] u p>adisiacal flavors1 we c set out ! plants 9 ! summ] or autumn ( ! same ye>1 & )9 eight or t5 mon?s ga!r ! fruits ( our labors4 ,if ! season is some:at %[]y1 or if "o is will+ to take ! tr\ble to wat] & %ade ! "y plants1 ord9>y lay]s--t is1 plants t h gr[n naturally 9 ! op5 gr\nd--w answ] almo/ z well z ^? t h be5 root$ 9 pots4 ,! fact t !y d n co/ half z mu* is also 9 _! favor4 ,! disposition to plant 9 summ] or autumn is /eadily increas+1 & ! foll[+ reasons are good & sub/antial ones = ! practice4 ,9 our g>d5s & fields !re are _m crops t mature 9 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]4 ,! cultivation ( ^! crops has probably left ! gr\nd mell[1 & 9 good condition = /rawb]ries4 ,in/ead ( leav+ ?is l& idle1 or a place = we$s to gr[ & se$1 x c be deeply =k$ or pl[$1 & enri*$1 z has be5 expla9$4 ,ev5 9 ,july1 pott$ plants may be b\ght1 & unless ! gr\nd is full ( ! l>vae ( ! ,june beetle1 or ! plants are treat$ ) utt] neglect1 n "o 9 a hundr$ w fail4 ,say ! plants co/ u two & a half c5ts ea* by ! "t !y are plant$1 in/ead ( "o half to "o c5t z 9 ! spr+1 is !re n a prospect ( an equal or l>g] pr(it8 ,a pott$ plant set out 9 summ] or e>ly autumn1 & all[$ to make no runn]s1 w yield at lea/ a p9t ( fruit2 & usually ^! fir/ b]ries are v l>ge & f9e1 br++ ! be/ prices4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 we are able to obta9 b t5 c5ts a qu>t1 y /ill h a m>g9 ( two & "o-half c5ts on ea* plant4 ,add+ two c5ts to ! co/ ( ea* plant to cov] ! exp5se ( cultivation1 w9t] protection1 spr+ mul*+1 pick+1 etc41 !re /ill rema9s a pr(it ( half a c5t on ea* plant4 ,suppos+ we h an acre conta9+ #ad1ebj plants1 our e/imate gives a pr(it ( #gb4fj = ! fir/ ye>4 ,if we cle> b a qu>t] ( a c5t on ea* plant1 we h a pr(it ( #cf4cj4 ,! prospects are1 h[ev]1 t if we plant e>ly 9 ! summ]1 on ri* gr\nd1 & give good cultivation1 our plants w yield m ?an a p9t ea*1 & ! fruit sell = m ?an t5 c5ts a qu>t4 ,?is e/imate applies to ! common m>ket v>ieties rais$ ) only ord9>y skill & success4 ,suppose1 9 contra/1 "o plants ! l>ge1 %[y1 high-flavor$ v>ieties1 & is able to obta9 f fifte5 to ?irty c5ts p] qu>t4 ,! exp5ses 9 ?is case are no great]1 :ile ! pr(its are v l>gely increas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,pott$ ,plant ,good pott$ plants c be b\ght = ab\t #b4ej p] #ajj1 or #bj p] #b1jjj4 ,i d n ?9k t !y c be prop]ly gr[n & sold at mu* l[] rates & af=d a liv+ pr(it4 ,freight & express *>ges are a heavy item ( exp5se1 s9ce ! e>? encas+ ! roots r5d]s ! packages v heavy1 & b comp>atively few plants c be %ipp$ 9 "o box4 ,b1 all[+ = all exp5ses1 ,i ?9k x is evid5t t p c obta9 a fair pr(it f pott$ plants )9 eight or t5 mon?s f ! "t ( plant+4 ,moreov]1 autumn-set plants />t ) d\ble vigor 9 e>ly spr+1 & make a f9e gr[? be=e ! hot1 dry wea!r *ecks !m2 & ! crop f !m ! second ye> w be ! v be/ t !y are capable ( produc+4 ,two pay+ crops are ?us obta9$ )9 two ye>s1 & ! co/ ( cultivation ! fir/ ye> is slight1 = ! plants are set aft] ! great impulse ( annual we$ gr[? is pa/4 ,) spr+-set plants y get b "o crop 9 two ye>s4 ,! fir/ ye> yields no?+ unless plants are sold1 & yet ! cultivation mu/ be unceas+ ?r\gh ,may1 ,june & ,july1 :5 ,nature seems to give no little ?\ght to ! problem ( h[ _m we$s c be gr[n to ! squ>e in*4 ,if "o wi%es e>ly plants1 he c]ta9ly %\ld practice autumn plant+1 = a plant set ev5 9 ,novemb] w beg9 to make runn]s ne>ly a mon? e>li] ?an "o set 9 spr+4 ,?us f> we h look$ at ! subject f a bus9ess /&po9t4 ,^? :o wi% plants = ! home supply c]ta9ly %\ld n hesitate to furni% _! g>d5s z e>ly 9 ! summ] z possible4 ,to wait two ye>s ( our %ort lives = /rawb]ries because ! plants are a little *eap] 9 ! spr+ is a phase ( economy t sugge/s ! moon4 ,su* self-d5ial 9 a good cause w\ld be h]oic4 ,if p w use a little =e?\ght1 !y c practice summ] & autumn plant+ ) d\ble success1 indep5d5tly ( ! plant gr[]4 ,we h %[n t !re is no my/]y 9 rais+ pott$ plants4 ,moreov]1 9 ! hotte/ summ]s !re are %[]y1 cl\dy days :5 ord9>y lay] plants c be set ) p]fect safety4 ,if ! field or g>d5 b$ is ne> :]e ! lay] plants are gr[+1 ! latt] c be tak5 up ) e>? cl++ to _! roots1 & ?us h all ! advantages ( pott$ plants4 ,ev5 "u ! ,s\!rn sun1 hundr$s ( acres are1 9 ?is mann]1 set annually 9 ! vic9ity ( ,*>le/on4 ,z ! autumn gr[s cool & moi/1 lay] plants c be obta9$ f a di/ance & set out pr(itably 9 l>ge quantities4 ,! *ief dang] 9 late plant+ results f ! t5d5cy ( ! plants to be ?r[n out ( ! gr\nd by ! action ( ! fro/1 & a few v>ieties d n seem suffici5tly h>dy to endure sev]e cold4 ,i obviate ?is difficulty by simply hoe+ ^u ! plants two in*es ( e>?1 j be=e ! gr\nd freezes 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]4 ,?is w9t] cov]+ ( soil enables me to plant ) entire success at any "t 9 ! fall--ev5 late 9 ,novemb]--in/ead ( spr+1 :5 !re is a ru% ( "w4 ,! e>? is rak$ (f ! plants 9 ,m>* or ,april1 z soon z sev]e freez+ wea!r is ov]2 o!rwise !y w\ld decay4 ,d n fir/ put manure on ! plants & !n cov] ) e>?--cov] ) e>? only4 ,?us x w be se5 t ea* p]iod has its advantages1 :i* w v>y ) diff]5t seasons4 ,if dr\ght & heat come 9 e>ly ,may1 spr+-set plants may suff] badly4 ,aga91 p]iods 9 summ] & autumn may be s hot & dry t ev5 pott$ plants c only be kept alive by repeat$ wat]+s4 ,my practice is to divide my plant+s ab\t equally betwe5 summ]1 fall1 & spr+4 ,i ?us take no *ances ( failure4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,:at ,,%all ,,we ,,plant8--,,v>ieties1 ,,_! ,,"* ,,& ,,adaptation ,,to ,,soils ,i h 9 my libr>y an admirable little treatise writt5 by ! late ,r4 ,g4 ,p>dee1 & pr9t$ tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,:ile ! great] "p ( :at he says1 relat+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! plant & its culture1 is sub/antially correct1 8 some:at ext5d$ li/ ( v>ieties is almo/ :olly obsolete4 ,) ! exception ( ,hovey's ,se$l+1 sc>cely "o c be f\nd 9 a mod]n catalogue4 ,ev5 c>efully prep>$ li/s1 made at a mu* lat] date1 conta9 ! names ( b few k9ds n[ se5 9 ! g>d5 or m>ket4 ,i h be=e me ! catalogue ( ,pr9ce ,co41 publi%$ 9 #ahfe1 & out ( _! li/ ( #afi v>ieties b ?ree are n[ 9 g5]al cultivation1 & ! great majority are utt]ly unkn[n4 ,?us x w\ld seem t a catalogue soon becomes hi/orical1 & t ! k9ds mo/ h]ald$ to-day may exi/ only 9 "n b a few h5ce4 ,! reasons c readily be giv54 ,! convex he>t ( e /rawb]ry blossom w be f\nd to consi/ ( pi/ils1 & usually ( /am5s rang$ ar\nd !m4 ,:5 bo? /am5s & pi/ils are f\nd 9 ! same blossom1 z is ! case ) mo/ v>ieties1 x is call$ a p]fect fl[]1 or /am9ate4 ,9 r>e in/ances1 /rawb]ry fl[]s are f\nd :i* possess /am5s )\t pi/ils1 & ^! are call$ male blossoms2 f> m (t5 v>ieties exi/ produc+ pi/ils only1 & !y are nam$ pi/illate k9ds4 ,ei!r ( ! la/ two if left alone w\ld be b>r52 ! male fl[]s are always s1 b ! pi/illate or female fl[]s1 if f]tiliz$ ) poll5 f p]fect-fl[]$ plants1 produce fruit4 ,?is f]tiliz+ is effect$ by ! ag5cy ( ! w9d1 or by insects seek+ honey4 ,! ovule 9 ! ov>ium to :i* ! /igma leads repres5ts1 at maturity1 a se$--! actual fruit ( ! /rawb]ry--& )9 ea* se$ ,nature1 by a subtile process ( h] own1 wraps up "s ( ! qualities ( ! plant t produc$ ! se$1 & "s ( ! qualities also ( ! plant f :i* came ! poll5 t impregnat$ ! ovule4 ,?is se$1 plant$1 produces an entirely new v>iety1 :i*1 z a rule1 exhibits *>act]i/ics ( bo? its p>5ts1 & traits1 also1 ( its gr&p>5ts & remote ance/ors4 ,! law ( h]$ity is ! same z 9 cattle or ! human race4 ,?us x may be se5 t millions ( new v>ieties c be v easily obta9$4 ,a s+le plant-gr[] (t5 raises _m ?\s&s to :i* he nev] gives a "n1 by reason ( ! fact--not$ else:]e ?an 9 ! fruit g>d5--t mo/ ( ^! new /rawb]ries 9 no respect surpass or ev5 equal _! p>5ts4 ,! great majority1 aft] fruit+--:i* !y d :5 two ye>s old--are ?r[n away4 ,a new v>iety :i* is n s good z ! old ones f :i* x came %\ld n be impos$ ^u ! public4 ,b !y (t5 are1 sometimes delib]ately1 b f> m (t5 = o!r reasons2 z1 = in/ance1 ?r\gh ! en?usiasm ( ! possessor4 ,x is 8 se$l+2 !re=e x is wond]ful4 ,he pets x & gives x extra c>e1 to :i* ev5 v int]ior v>ieties g5]\sly respond4 ,9 ! same old catalogue to :i* ,i h ref]r$ ,pr9ce ,co4 ann\nce3 ,we n[ (f] a few ( our sup]ior new se$l+s1 ) descriptions1 & !re is n an acid or inf]ior "o among !m4 ,!re is n "o ( !m t is n sup]ior to all ! se$l+s rec5tly introduc$4 ,n "o ( ^! ?irty-five sup]ior se$l+s1 to my k1 is n[ 9 cultivation4 ,!y h disappe>$ 9 less ?an fifte5 ye>s2 & yet ,i h no d\bt t on ! gr\nds ( ,pr9ce ,co4 !y gave rem>kable promise4 ,aga91 a fruit gr[] s5ds out second & ?ird-rate k9ds f defective k4 ,he has n judici\sly comp>$ 8 pett$ se$l+s ) ! sup]b v>ieties already 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is soon discov]$ by g5]al trial t ! vaunt$ new-com]s are n s good z ! old2 & s !y also cease to be cultivat$1 leav+ only a "n4 ,! editor ( ! ,rural ,new ,york] has adopt$ a c\rse :i* w\ld be v useful inde$ to ! public1 if x c\ld be c>ri$ out 9 ! v>i\s fruit-gr[+ c5tres ( ! c\ntry4 ,he obta9s a few plants ( e new v>iety (f]$ = sale1 & te/s !m side by side1 "u precisely ! same conditions1 report+ ! results 9 8 pap]4 ,su* records ( exp]i5ce are wor? any am\nt ( !ory1 or ! half-tru?s ( ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) b few vanities4 ,i te/$ fifty k9ds la/ ye> 9 "o specim5-b$4 ,! plants 7 treat$ precisely alike1 & p]mitt$ to mature all _! fruit1 ,i be+ well cont5t to let eight or t5 bu%els g to wa/e 9 ord] to see j :at ea* v>iety c\ld d4 ,f su* trial-b$s ! comp>ative m]its ( ea* k9d c be se5 at a glance4 ,highly prais$ new-com]s1 :i* are said to sup]s$e ev]y?+1 mu/ %[ :at !y are & c d beside ! old /&>d v>ieties t won _! laurels ye>s ago4 ,i ?us le>n t b few c endure ! te/1 & occasionally ,i f9d an old k9d s5t out ) a new "n4 ,:5 visit+ fruit f>ms 9 ,new ,j]sey la/ summ]1 ,i 0 urg$ to visit a small place on :i* 0 gr[+ a wond]ful new b]ry4 ,! mom5t ,i saw ! fruit & foliage1 ,i recogniz$ ! ,col4 ,*5ey1 =c$ into unusual luxuriance by v favorable conditions4 ,o!r exp]i5c$ gr[]s1 ^: att5tion ,i call$ to ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ?is v>iety1 agre$ ) me at once2 b ! proprietor1 :o probably _h nev] se5 ! ,*5ey be=e & did n "k :]e ! plants came f1 ?\ght x 0 a rem>kable new v>iety1 & z su* x might h be5 hone/ly s5t out4 ,trial-b$s at once detect ! old k9ds ) new names1 & ?us may save ! public f a va/ deal ( imposition4 ,su* b$s w\ld also be ( v great s]vice 9 sugge/+ ! v>ieties t c be gr[n ) pr(it 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,:ile ! behavior ( diff]5t k9ds diff]s greatly 9 v>y+ soils & latitudes1 !re is no su* arbitr>y my/]y 9 ! matt] z _m imag9e4 ,i am satisfi$ t ! sorts :i* did be/ 9 my trial-b$ give ! be/ promise ( success :]ev] ! soil & climate are simil>4 ,9 contra/1 let a trial-b$ be made on a light soil 9 ,delaw>e or ,virg9ia1 & #ajj v>ieties be plant$4 ,_m t are ju/ly favorites 9 our locality w\ld !re %rivel & burn1 prov+ valueless2 b ^? t did ?rive & produce well1 exhibit+ a p[] to endure a ,s\!rn sun1 & to fl\ri% 9 s&1 %\ld be ! *oice = all t region4 ,to ! f> ,s\? & ,nor?1 & 9 ! extremes ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 trial-b$s w\ld give /ill v>y+ results2 b su* results w\ld apply to ! soils & climate ( ! region if prop] culture 7 giv54 ,a horse c be mismanag$ on a ,k5tucky /ock-f>m1 & !re are ^? :o w\ld h ill luck ) /rawb]ries 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5--!y are s skilful & p]si/ 9 do+ ! wrong ?+4 ,x w\ld well remun]ate l>ge plant]s to ma9ta9 trial-b$s ( all ! small fruits1 & _! neighbors c\ld af=d to pay well = ! privilege ( visit+ !m & le>n+ ! k9ds adapt$ to _! locality4 ,i ?9k x may be laid d[n z a g5]al tru?1 t ^? k9ds :i* d well on a light soil 9 "o locality t5d to d well on su* soils 9 all localities4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to ^? requir+ heavy l&4 ,!re w be exceptions1 & b few ( ^? conta9+ =eign blood w ?rive 9 ! f> ,s\?4 ,9 ! brief limits ( ?is *apt] ,i %all m]ely (f] sugge/ions & ! results ( "s exp]i5ce1 premis+ t ,i give b "o man's op9ion1 & t all h a "r to diff] f me4 ,at ! close ( ?is volume may be f\nd m accurate descriptions ( ! v>ieties t ,i h ?\ght wor? nam+4 ,among ! innum]able c&idates = favor1 "h & !re "o w e/abli% itself by p]si/5t well-do+ z a /&>d sort4 ,we !n le>n t "s ( ^! /rawb]ry pr9ces1 l ! ,jucunda1 ,triomphe de ,g&1 & ,presid5t ,wild]1 fl\ri% only 9 c]ta9 soils & latitudes1 :ile o!rs1 l ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 & ,wilson1 adapt !mselves to almo/ e condition & locality4 ,v>ieties ( ?is class are sup]s$$ v sl[ly2 b x w\ld seem1 ) ! exception ( ,wilson's ,albany1 t ! /&>ds ( "o g5]ation h n be5 ! favorites ( ! next4 ,! dem& ( our age is = l>ge fruit ,! dem& has creat$ a supply1 & ! old /&>d v>ieties h giv5 way to a new class1 ( :i* ! ,mon>* & ,se? ,boyd5 are types4 ,! late/ ( ^! new mammo? b]ries is ! ,%>pless1 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,%>pless1 ( ,catawissa1 ,pa42 :i* %[s ! progress made s9ce horticulturi/s began to develop ! wild ,f4 ,virg9iana by cross+ v>ieties & by cultivation4 ,! mo/ accurate & ext5d$ li/ ( v>ieties ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ is to be f\nd 9 ,d[n+'s ,encyclop$ia ( ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica4 ,x conta9s ! names1 ) _! synonymes1 & ! descriptions ( ov] #bej k9ds1 & to ?is ,i ref] ! read]4 ,! important "q to mo/ m9ds is n h[ _m v>ieties exi/1 b :at k9ds w give ! be/ returns4 ,if "o possesses ! deep1 ri*1 moi/ loam t has be5 describ$1 almo/ any good v>iety w yield a fair return1 & ! be/ c be made to give surpris+ results4 ,= table use & g5]al cultivation1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 ,se? ,boyd51 ,k5tucky ,se$l+1 ,du*ess1 & ,gold5 ,defiance4 ,^! v>ieties are all fir/-rate 9 quality1 & !y h %[n a wond]ful adaptation to v>i$ soils & climates4 ,!y h be5 be=e ! public a numb] ( ye>s1 & h p]si/5tly prov$ _! excell5ce4 ,!re=e1 !y are wor?y ( a place 9 e g>d54 ,) ^! valuable v>ieties = our *ief supply1 we c try a score ( o!r desirable k9ds1 reta9+ su* z prove to be adapt$ to our ta/e & soil4 ,if our l& is heavy1 we c add to ! above1 9 ,nor!rn latitudes1 ,triomphe de ,g&1 ,jucunda1 ,presid5t ,wild]1 ,=e/ ,rose1 ,presid5t ,l9coln1 ,%>pless1 ,pione]1 & ,spr+dale4 ,if ! soil is light1 conta9+ a l>ge proportion ( s& & gravel1 ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,k5tucky ,se$l+1 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 ,du*ess1 ,cumb]l& ,triumph1 ,m9]'s ,prolific1 ,gold5 ,defiance1 & ,%>pless w be almo/ c]ta9 to yield a f9e supply ( l>ge & delici\s b]ries1 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,let me "h obs]ve t v>ieties t d well on light soils also ?rive equally well & (t5 bett] on heavy l&4 ,b ! conv]se is n true4 ,! ,jucunda1 = in/ance1 c sc>cely be made to exi/ on light l&4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 x %\ld be ! con/ant aim to f9d v>ieties ^: foliage c endure ! hot sun4 ,i ?9k t ! ,%>pless1 :i* is n[ produc+ a great s5sation z well z mammo? b]ries1 w d well 9 mo/ ,s\!rn localities4 ,x ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! entire summ] ! gre5e/ & mo/ vigor\s foliage ,i ev] saw4 ,m9]'s ,prolific1 ,gold5 ,defiance1 ,e>ly ,hudson1 & ,cumb]l& ,triumph also appe> to me peculi>ly adapt$ to ,s\!rn cultivation4 ,z we g nor?1 ! difficulties ( *oice are n s great4 ,coolness & moi/ure agree ) ! /rawb]ry plant4 ,!re ! "q ( h>d9ess is to be fir/ consid]$4 ,9 regions1 h[ev]1 :]e ! sn[ falls e>ly & cov]s ! gr\nd all w9t]1 ! /rawb]ry is n s expos$ z ) u1 = our g>d5s are (t5 b>e 9 z]o wea!r4 ,usually1 x is n ! temp]ature ( ! air t injures a dormant /rawb]ry plant1 b alt]nations ( freez+ & ?aw+4 ,! deep & unmelt+ sn[s (t5 enable ! horticulturi/ to raise successfully 9 ,canada t5d] fruits t w\ld w9t]-kill mu* fur!r s\?4 ,if abundant protection is !re=e provid$1 ei!r by nature or by art1 ! p ( ! ,nor? c take _! *oice f among ! be/4 ,9 ! high latitudes1 e>ly k9ds w be 9 reque/1 s9ce ! season ( gr[? is brief4 ,! be/ e>ly b]ries are ,du*ess1 ,bidwell1 ,pione]1 ,e>ly ,hudson1 ,black ,defiance1 ,duncan1 ,dur&'s ,beauty1 &1 e>lie/ ( all1 ,cry/al ,city4 ,! la/-nam$ rip5$ fir/ on my place 9 ! summ] ( #ahgi1 & al?\gh ! fruit is ( m$ium size1 & r s(t1 ,i fe>1 ! plant is s vigor\s & easily gr[n t ,i ?9k x is wor? g5]al trial ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,i am in=m$ t x promises to take ! lead 9 ,miss\ri4 ,,m>ket ,,/rawb]ries ,?us f> ,i h nam$ ^? k9ds ^: f9e flavor & beauty entitle !m to a place 9 ! home g>d54 ,b ) a l>ge class1 m>ket qualities are m wor?y ( consid]ation2 & ?is phase ( ! "q introduces u to "s exce$+ly popul> v>ieties n yet m5tion$4 ,! f\r great requirem5ts ( a m>ket /rawb]ry are productiv5ess1 size1 a good1 bright color1 &--t x may endure long c>riage & r\gh h&l+--firmness4 ,because ( ! indiff]5ce ( ! consum]1 z expla9$ 9 an e>li] *apt]1 t :i* %\ld be ! *ief consid]ation--flavor--is sc>cely tak5 into acc\nt4 ,9 ! pres5t un5light5$ condition ( ! public1 "o ( ! olde/ /rawb]ries on ! li/--,wilson's ,se$l+--is m l>gely plant$ ?an all o!r k9ds toge!r4 ,x is s enorm\sly productive1 x succe$s s well ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry1 & is su* an e>ly b]ry1 t1 ) ! addition ( its f9e c>ry+ qualities1 x promises to be ! great m>ket b]ry = ! next g5]ation also4 ,b ?is v>iety is n at all adapt$ to ?91 poor l&1 & is v impati5t ( dr\ght4 ,9 su* conditions1 ! b]ries dw9dle rapidly 9 size1 & ev5 dry up on ! v9es4 ,:]e abundant f]tility & moi/ure c be ma9ta9$1 ! yield ( a field ( ,wilsons is simply m>vell\s4 ,on a dry hillside close by1 ! crop f ! same v>iety may n pay = pick+4 ,plantations ( ,wilsons %\ld be r5ew$ e two ye>s1 s9ce ! plant spe$ily exhau/s itself1 produc+ small] b]ries ) ea* successive season4 ,! ,wilson is p]haps ! be/ b]ry = pres]v+1 s9ce x is h>d & its acid is ri* & n wat]y4 ,a rival ( ! ,wilson has appe>$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s--! ,cresc5t ,se$l+1 also an e>ly b]ry1 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,p>melee1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,at fir/1 x receiv$ unb\nd$ praise2 n[1 x gets too mu* c5sure4 ,x is a v di/9ct & rem>kable v>iety1 &1 l ! ,wilson1 ,i ?9k1 w fill an important place 9 /rawb]ry culture4 ,its av]age size does n mu* exce$ t ( ! ,wilson2 its flavor1 :5 fully ripe1 is ab\t equal 9 ! e/imation ( ^? :o d n l acid fruit4 ,9 productiv5ess1 on _m soils1 x w f> exce$ any v>iety ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,x is j ?is capacity = gr[+ on ?91 poor soils--any:]e & "u any circum/ances--t gives to x its *ief value4 ,9 h>d9ess & vitality x is almo/ equal to ! ,canada ?i/le4 ,! "y plants are small1 & ! foliage is sl5d] & delicate2 b !y h ! p[] to live & multiply beyond t ( any o!r v>iety ,i h se54 ,x ?rives "u ! suns ( ,georgia & ,florida1 & c>es naught = ! cold ( ,canada2 x practically ext5ds ! doma9 ( ! /rawb]ry ov] ! cont95t1 & r5d]s ! lazie/ man 9 ! l&1 :o has no /rawb]ries1 )\t excuse4 ,"o ( my b$s yield$ at ! rate ( #cdf bu%els to ! acre1 & ! bright1 h&some sc>let ( ! b]ries caus$ !m to sell = z mu* 9 ! op5 m>ket z v>ieties ( f> bett] flavor4 ,x is too s(t = long c>riage by rail4 ,^? to :om flavor & l>ge size are ! *ief consid]ations w n plant x1 b ^? :o h a ne> & n v fa/idi\s m>ket1 t simply dem&s quantity & f9e appe>ance1 w gr[ x bo? l>gely & pr(itably4 ,! /am5s ( ! ,cresc5t are s imp]fectly develop$ t e t5? r[ 9 ! field %\ld be ,wilsons1 or "s o!r e>ly & p]fect-fl[]$ v>iety4 ,9 ! ,*ampion1 we h a late m>ket b]ry t is /eadily gr[+ 9 favor4 ,on ri*1 moi/ l& x is almo/ z productive z ! ,cresc5t4 ,! fruit av]ages mu* l>g] ?an ! ,wilson1 :ile its ri* crimson color makes x v attractive 9 ! baskets4 ,! b]ries1 l ! two k9ds already nam$1 turn r$ be=e !y are ripe1 & 9 ?is immature condition _! flavor is v poor1 b :5 fully ripe !y are excell5t4 ,! trans=mation is almo/ z great z 9 a p]simmon4 ,"u g5]\s culture1 ! ,*ampion yields sup]b b]ries1 t br+ ! be/ prices4 ,x also does bett] ?an mo/ k9ds "u neglect & dr\ght4 ,x is too s(t = long c>riage1 & its blossoms are pi/illate4 ,)9 a few ye>s1 a new v>iety nam$ ,w9dsor ,*ief has be5 dissem9at$1 & ! enorm\s yield ( #ag1jjj qu>ts p] acre has be5 claim$ = x4 ,x is said to be a se$l+ ( ! ,*ampion f]tiliz$ ) ! ,*>les ,d[n+ v>iety4 ,if !re has be5 no mi/ake 9 ?is hi/ory ( its orig91 x is a rem>kable in/ance ( ! reproduction ( ! traits ( "o p>5t only1 = 9 no respect h ,i be5 able ?us f> to see :]e9 x diff]s f ! ,*ampion4 ,! ,capta9 ,jack is ano!r late v>iety1 :i* is enorm\sly productive ( m$ium-siz$ b]ries4 ,x is a great favorite 9 ,miss\ri & "s o!r regions4 ,! b]ries c>ry well to m>ket1 b _! flavor is second-rate4 ,! good size1 firmness1 & lat5ess ( ! ,gl5dale--a v>iety rec5tly introduc$--w probably secure = x a future z a m>ket b]ry4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 ,neunan's ,prolific1 or ! ,*>le/on ,b]ry1 z x is usually call$1 is already ! *ief v>iety = %ipp+4 ,x is an aromatic b]ry1 & v attractive z x appe>s 9 our m>kets 9 ,m>* & ,april1 b x is ev5 h>d] & s\r] ?an an unripe ,wilson4 ,:5 fully matur$ on ! v9e x is grateful to ^? :o l an acid b]ry4 ,sc>cely any o!r k9d is plant$ ar\nd ,*>le/on & ,savannah4 ,^! six v>ieties1 or o!rs l !m1 w supply ! fir/ great ne$ ( all l>ge m>kets--quantity4 ,) ! exception ( ! la/1 :i* is n productive 9 ! ,nor?1 & requires good treatm5t ev5 9 ! ,s\?1 !y yield l>gely "u r\gh field culture4 ,! fruit c be sold v *eaply & yet give a fair pr(it4 ,only a limit$ numb] ( fancy b]ries c be sold at fancy prices1 b ?\s&s ( bu%els c be dispos$ ( at eight & t5 c5ts p] qu>t4 ,/ill1 ,i w\ld advise any "o :o is supply+ ! m>ket1 ?or\ghly to prep>e & enri* an acre or m ( moi/ b well dra9$ l&1 & plant "s ( ! l>ge1 %[y b]ries1 l ! ,%>pless1 ,mon>*1 & ,se? ,boyd54 ,if he has heavy1 ri* soil1 let him also try ! ,jucunda1 ,presid5t ,l9coln1 &1 especially1 ! ,triomphe de ,g&4 ,^! v>ieties always h a ready sale1 ev5 :5 ! m>ket is glutt$ ) common fruit1 & !y (t5 comm& v high prices4 ,:5 ! soil suits !m1 !y frequ5tly yield crops t are n s f> bel[ ! ,wilson 9 quantity4 ,fifty bu%els ( l>ge1 h&some b]ries may br+ z mu*1 or m1 ?an "o hundr$ bu%els ( small fruit1 :ile ! labor & exp5se ( %ipp+ & pick+ are r$uc$ "o-half4 ,i suppose t ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&1 ( ,irv+ton1 ,n4 ,j41 obta9s m money f "o acre ( 8 highly cultivat$ /rawb]ries ?an d _m gr[]s f t5 acres4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,j]olaman1 ( ,hilton1 ,n4 ,j41 has giv5 me "s accurate /ati/ics t well illu/rate my mean+4 ,my yield1 he writes1 9 #ahgg1 f "o acre1 plant$ *iefly ) ! ,se? ,boyd51 0 #cbg bu%els #ae #a_/b qu>ts1 :i* 7 sold = #a1chf4ba4 ,a /rict acc\nt 0 kept4 ,s9ce t "t ,i h be5 exp]im5t+ ) ,mr4 ,dur&'s l>ge b]ries1 & h n done s well4 ,9 #ahgh1 ,i obta9$ #a1aha f "o acre1 "o-half plant$ ) ! ,se? ,boyd5 & ! o!r ) ! ,great ,am]ican4 ,! ye> ( #ahgi 0 my poore/4 ,ne>ly all my plants 7 ,great ,am]ican & ,beauty1 & ! yield 0 #aba bu%els1 sell+ = #gbh4 ,! av]age co/ p] acre1 = gr[+1 pick+1 m>ket+1 & manure1 is #cej4 ,i am n satisfi$ b t ,i %all h to return to ! old ,se? ,boyd5 9 ord] to keep tak+ ! fir/ ,/ate premiums1 z ,i h done = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s4 ,?is record ( exp]i5ce %[s :at c be done ) ! *oice v>ieties if an appreciative m>ket is )9 rea*1 & "o w give ! high culture !y dem&4 ,la/ summ] a neighbor ( m9e obta9$ eighte5 c5ts p] qu>t = 8 ,mon>* /rawb]ries1 :5 ,wilsons br\ght b t5 c5ts4 ,at ! same "t1 ^! sup]b r>ities (t5 d n pay at all "u poor field culture & 9 matt$ r[s4 ,we may also note1 9 pass+1 h[ sl[ly f9e old /&>d k9ds1 l ! ,boyd51 are sup]s$$ by new v>ieties4 ,i %\ld n be at all surpris$ if ! ,*>les ,d[n+ became "o ( ! mo/ popul> m>ket /rawb]ries ( ! future4 ,x is already tak+ ! lead 9 _m localities ,x is mod]ately firm--suffici5tly s1 ) a little extra c>e1 to rea* mo/ m>kets 9 good condition4 ,x is m easily rais$ ?an ! ,wilson1 & on ?91 dry l& is m productive4 ,a b$ w la/1 if kept clean1 f\r or five ye>s in/ead ( two1 & yield bett] ! fif? ye> ?an ! fir/4 ,al?\gh ! fruit is b ( m$ium size1 x is s f9e 9 flavor t x has only to be kn[n to create a /eady dem&4 ,! ,k5tucky ,se$l+ is ano!r b]ry ( ! same class1 & has ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics--) ?is exception1 t x is a v late b]ry1 ,9 flavor1 x is melt+ & delici\s4 ,x does well on almo/ any soil1 ev5 a light & s&y "o1 & is usually v productive4 ,! be/ :ite /rawb]ry ,i h ev] se5 is ,l5nig's ,:ite4 ,:5 expos$ to ! sun1 x has a decid$ p9k flu% on "o side4 ,x is beautiful & delici\s1 & s aromatic t a s+le b]ry w p]fume a l>ge ap>tm5t4 ,! fruit is exce$+ly delicate1 b ! plant is a %y be>]4 ,9 ! ,:ite & ,b$ ,alp9es1 especially ! ev]-be>+ v>ieties1 & 9 ! ,hautbois class1 we h v di/9ct /rawb]ries t are well wor?y ( a place 9 ! g>d54 ,f a comm]cial po9t ( view1 !y h no value4 ,?is may settle ! "q ) "s1 b n a few ( u l to plant _m ?+s t are nev] to g to m>ket4 ,9 conclusion1 if ,i 7 ask$ :at is ! mo/ beautiful & delici\s /rawb]ry 9 exi/5ce1 ,i %\ld "n ! ,presid5t ,wild]4 ,p]fect 9 flavor1 =m & beauty1 x seems to unite 9 "o exquisite comp\nd ! be/ qualities ( ! two great /rawb]ry species ( ! _w1 ! ,f4 ,virg9iana & ! ,f4 ,*il5sis4 ,! only fault t ,i h ev] discov]$ is t1 9 _m localities1 x is n productive4 ,no m d diamonds lie ar\nd l cobble/ones4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 fairly productive "u good culture & on mo/ soils1 & yet x is possible t n "o 9 a hundr$ ( ! habitues ( ,delmonico's has ev] ta/$ x4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,sett+ ,,out ,,plants ,we may secure good plants ( ! be/ v>ieties1 b if we d n set !m out prop]ly ! *ances are aga9/ our success1 unless ! wea!r is v favorable4 ,s mu* dep5ds on a "r />t 9 life1 ev5 9 a /rawb]ry b$4 ,!re are no ab/ruse difficulties 9 prop]ly imb$d+ a plant4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t if a workman gave five m9utes' ?\ght & obs]vation to ! subject1 he w\ld "k exactly h[ to d x4 ,if "o us$ 8 head z well z 8 h&s1 x w\ld be p]fectly obvi\s t a plant held 7z 9 ,figure e7 ) its roots spread out s t ! fre%1 moi/ e>? c\ld come 9 contact ) ea* fibre1 w\ld /& a f> bett] *ance ?an "o set out by any ( ! o!r me?ods illu/rat$4 ,& yet1 9 spite ( all ,i c d or say1 ,i h nev] be5 able to prev5t v _m ( my plants f be+ set 7z 9 ,figure a7 too deeply1 s t ! cr[n & t5d] leaves 7 cov]$ & smo!r$ ) e>?2 or 7z 9 ,figure b7 n deeply en\gh1 ?us leav+ ! roots expos$4 ,_m o!rs bury ! roots 9 a long1 tangl$ bun*1 z 9 ,figure c4 ,if "o w\ld obs]ve h[ a plant />ts on its new c>e]1 he w\ld see t ! roots we put 9 ! gr\nd are little m ?an a base ( op]ations4 ,all along _! l5g?1 & at _! ends1 little :ite rootlets />t1 if ! conditions are favorable1 almo/ imm$iately4 ,if ! roots are huddl$ toge!r1 s t only a few outside ones are 9 contact ) ! life-giv+ soil1 ! conditions are ( c\rse mo/ unfavorable4 ,aga91 _m plant]s are guilty ( ! folly illu/rat$ 9 ,figure d4 ,!y ha/ily scoop out a %all[ hole1 9 :i* ! roots1 :i* %\ld be d[n 9 ! cool dep?s ( ! soil1 curve l a half-circle t[>d or to ! v surface4 ,9 ! mo/ favorable wea!r ( e>ly spr+ a plant is almo/ c]ta9 to gr[1 no matt] h[ greatly abus$2 b ev5 !n x does f> bett] if treat$ prop]ly1 :ile at o!r seasons nature _c be /upidly ignor$4 ,x is almo/ z easy to set out a plant correctly z o!rwise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wrong ,,me?ods ,,op ,,plant+ ,let ! excavation be made deep en\gh to put ! roots1 spread out l a fan1 d[n _! :ole l5g? into ! soil4 ,hold ! plant ) ! left h&1 z 9 ,figure e4 ,fir/1 half fill ! hole ) f9e ri* e>? ) ! "r h&1 & press x firmly aga9/ ! roots2 next1 fill x ev5ly1 & !n1 ) ! ?umb & f+] ( bo? h&s1 put y\r :ole weight on ! soil on ea* side ( ! plant--z close to x z possible--& press until ! cr[n or po9t f :i* ! leaves />t is j ev5 ) ! surface4 ,if y c pull ! plant up aga9 by its leaves1 x is n firm en\gh 9 ! gr\nd4 ,if a man uses bra9 & eye1 he c le>n to "w v rapidly4 ,by "o dext]\s movem5t he scoops ! excavation ) a tr[el4 ,by a second movem5t1 he makes ! e>? firm aga9/ ! l[] half ( ! roots4 ,by a ?ird movem5t1 he fills ! excavation & settles ! plant into its f9al position4 ,"o workman w (t5 plant twice z _m z ano!r1 & n "w any h>d]4 ,negro wom5 at ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 paid at fifty c5ts p] day1 w (t5 set two or ?ree ?\s&4 ,_m ,nor!rn labor]s1 :o ask m ?an twice t sum1 w n set half z _m plants4 ,i h be5 told ( "o man1 h[ev]1 :o c\ld set #a1jjj p] h\r4 ,i %\ld exam9e 8 "w c>efully1 h[ev]1 9 ! fe> t x 0 n well done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prop] ,,me?od ,if ! gr\nd is s flat t wat] lies ^u x 9 wet seasons1 !n ?r[ x up into b$s ) a pl[1 ?us giv+ ! plants a broad1 level surface on :i* to gr[2 = ,i ?9k ! be/ success w g5]ally be obta9$ ) level culture1 or z ne> an approa* to x z possible4 ,always make x a po9t to plant 9 moi/1 fre%ly /irr$ e>?4 ,nev] let ! roots come 9 contact ) dry1 lumpy soil4 ,nev] plant :5 ! gr\nd is wet & /icky1 unless x be at ! beg9n+ ( a ra9/orm :i* bids fair to cont9ue = "s "t4 ,if sun or w9d /rikes l& :i* has be5 rec5tly /irr$ :ile x is too wet1 ! h>dness ( mort> results4 ,9 spr+ x is be/ to %ort5 9 ! roots "o-?ird4 ,?is promotes a rapid gr[? ( new rootlets1 & !re=e ( ! plants4 ,9 ! summ] & fall ! "y plants are n s well furni%$ ) roots1 & usually x is be/ to leave !m uncut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,root ,,prun+ ,x (t5 happ5s t dur+ long transportation ! roots become s\r1 black1 & ev5 a little m\ldy4 ,9 ?is case1 wa% !m 9 clean wat] f :i* ! *ill has be5 tak54 ,trim c>efully1 tak+ (f ! black5$1 %rivell$ ends4 ,spr9kle a c\ple ( tablespoonfuls ( f9e bone meal imm$iately ab\t ! plant aft] sett+1 & !n wat] x4 ,if ! wea!r is w>m1 soak ! gr\nd & keep x moi/ until !re is ra94 ,nev] let a plant falt] or g back f lack ( moi/ure4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld "o wat]8 ,(t5 en\gh to keep ! gr\nd moi/ all ! "t1 night & day4 ,!re is no?+ me*anical 9 tak+ c>e ( a "y plant any m ?an 9 ! c>e ( a baby4 ,simply give x :at x ne$s until x is able to take c>e ( itself4 ,! plant may require a little wat*+ & att5tion = a few days 9 w>m wea!r4 ,if an opportune /orm comes1 ! "q ( gr[? is settl$ favorably at once2 b if a dry spell ensues1 be vigilant4 ,at n9e o'clock ,a4,m41 ev5 well-wat]$ plants may beg9 to wilt1 %[+ t !y require %ade1 :i* may be suppli$ by inv]t$ fl[]-pots1 old b]ry-baskets1 %+les or bo>ds4 ,a h&ful ( we$s1 grass1 or ev5 ( dry e>?1 ?r[n on ! cr[n ( ! plant 9 ! morn+1 & remov$ by five ,p4,m41 is pref]able to no?+4 ,any?+ is bett] ?an /olidly /ick+ a plant 9 ! gr\nd & leav+ x alone j long en\gh to die4 ,_m1 on ! o!r h&1 kill _! plants ) k9dness4 ,!y dose ! "y ?+s ) guano1 unf]m5t$ manure1 & burn !m up4 ,coolness1 moi/ure1 & %ade are ! conditions = a new />t 9 life4 ,z has be5 expla9$ already1 pot-gr[n plants1 ) a ball ( e>? cl++ to _! roots1 c be set out dur+ ! hot mon?s ) great ease1 & ) little dang] ( loss4 ,at ! same "t1 let me di/9ctly say t su* plants require fair treatm5t4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be firm$ ar\nd !m j z /rongly1 & !y %\ld be s well wat*$ z to gu>d aga9/ ! slighte/ wilt+ f heat & dr\ght4 ,9 ord9>y field culture1 let ! r[s be ?ree feet ap>t1 & let ! plants /& "o foot f ea* o!r 9 a r[4 ,at ?is di/ance1 #ad1ebj are requir$ = an acre4 ,:5 l& is sc>ce1 ! r[s c be two & a half feet f ea* o!r4 ,9 g>d5 culture1 :]e ! pl[ & cultivator w n be us$1 !re %\ld be two feet betwe5 ! r[s1 & ! plants %\ld be "o foot ap>t z be=e4 ,) ?is rule 9 m9d1 any "o c readily tell h[ _m plants he w ne$ = a giv5 area4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,cultivation ,! field = exp]im5t 9 cultivation ) diff]5t f]tiliz]s1 soils1 climates1 & v>ieties is inde$ a wide "o1 & yet = practical purposes ! "q is simple en\gh4 ,!re are ?ree well-kn[n sy/ems ( cultivation1 ea* ( :i* has its advantages & disadvantages4 ,! fir/ is t]m$ ! matt$ b$ sy/em4 ,"u ?is plan ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s is cultivat$ & kept clean dur+ ! spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z ! new runn]s beg9 to pu% out vigor\sly1 cultivation ceases1 or else1 ) ! m ?or\gh1 ! cultivator is n>r[$ d[n till x /irs sc>cely m ?an a foot ( surface1 c>e be+ tak5 to g up "o r[ & d[n ano!r1 s z always to draw ! runn]s "o way4 ,?is prev5ts !m f be+ tangl$ up & brok5 (f4 ,by w9t]1 ! entire gr\nd is cov]$ ) plants1 :i* are protect$ z w be expla9$ fur!r on4 ,9 ! spr+ ! co>se/ ( ! cov]+ is rak$ (f1 & betwe5 ! r[s is dug a space ab\t a foot or eighte5 in*es wide1 :i* s]ves z a pa? = ! pick]s4 ,?is pa? is (t5 *eaply & quickly made by ?r[+ two light furr[s toge!r ) a corn pl[4 ,"u ?is sy/em1 ! fir/ crop is usually ! be/1 & 9 /rong l&s adapt$ to grasses ! b$s (t5 become s f\l t x does n pay to leave !m to be> a second ye>4 ,if s1 !y are pl[$ "u z soon z ! fruit has be5 ga!r$4 ,m (t5 two crops are tak51 & !n ! l& is put 9 "s o!r crop = a ye> or two be=e be+ plant$ ) /rawb]ries aga94 ,?is rude1 inexp5sive sy/em is p]haps m foll[$ ?an any o!r4 ,x is be/ adapt$ to light soils & *eap l&s4 ,:]e an abundance ( cool f]tiliz]s has be5 us$1 or ! gr\nd has be5 g5]\sly prep>$ ) gre5 crops1 pl[$ "u1 ! yield is (t5 l>ge & pr(itable4 ,b z (t5 x is q ! rev]se1 especially if ! season proves dry & hot4 ,usually1 plants sodd$ toge!r _c mature f9e fruit1 especially aft] !y h exhau/$ half _! vitality 9 runn+4 ,9 clayey loams1 ! surface 9 ! matt$ r[s becomes z h>d z a brick4 ,light %[]s make little impression on x1 & ! fruit (t5 dries ^u ! v9es4 ,rememb]+ t ! /rawb]ry's *ief ne$ is moi/ure1 x w be se5 t x c sc>cely be ma9ta9$ 9 a h>d-matt$ sod4 ,"u ?is sy/em ! fruit is small at be/1 & x all matures toge!r4 ,if adopt$ 9 ! g>d51 ! family has b a few days ( b]ries in/ead ( a few weeks4 ,! m>ketman may f9d 8 :ole crop rip5+ at a "t ( ov]-supply1 & 8 small b]ries may sc>cely pay = pick+4 ,to _m ( ?is class ! *eapness ( ! sy/em w s comm5d itself t !y w cont9ue to practice x until "s ent]pris+ neighbor tea*es !m bett]1 by 8 l>g] ca% returns4 ,9 ! g>d51 h[ev]1 x is ! mo/ exp5sive me?od4 ,:5 ! plants are sodd$ toge!r1 ! hoe & =k _c be us$4 ,! :ole space mu/ be we$$ by h&1 & !re are "s pe/s ^: roots int]lace horizontally above & bel[ ! gr\nd1 & :i* _c be eradicat$ f ! matt$ r[s4 ,too (t51 !re=e1 ev5 9 ! neate/ g>d51 ! /rawb]ry b$ is ! place :]e vegetable evil triumphs4 ,!re are modifications ( ?is sy/em t are se5 to bett] advantage on pap] ?an 9 ! field or g>d54 ,! "o mo/ (t5 describ$ 9 pr9t--,i h nev] se5 x work+ successfully--may be t]m$ ! r5ewal sy/em4 ,in/ead ( pl[+ ! matt$ b$s "u1 aft] ! fir/ or second crop1 ! pa?s betwe5 ! b$s are enri*$ & spad$ or pl[$4 ,! old plants are all[$ to fill ^! =m] pa?s ) new plants2 :i* process be+ complet$1 ! old matt$ b$s are turn$ "u1 & ! new plants t h tak5 ! places ( ! pa?s be> ! fruit ( ! com+ ye>4 ,b suppose ! old b$s h )9 !m sorrel1 :ite clov]1 wire-grass1 & a doz5 o!r p]5nial enemies1 :at practical man does n "k t ^! pe/s w fill ! vacant spaces fa/] ?an c ! /rawb]ry plants8 ,!re is no *ance = cultivation by hoe or horse p[]4 ,only frequ5t & labori\s we$+s by h& c prev5t ! evil1 & ?is b p>tially1 =1 z has be5 said1 ! roots ( _m we$s are out ( rea* unless !re is room = ! =k1 hoe1 or cultivator to g b5ea? !m4 ,9 direct contra/ ) ! above is ! hill sy/em4 ,?is1 9 brief1 may be sugge/$ by say+ t ! /rawb]ry plants are set out ?ree feet--m or less--ap>t1 & treat$ l hills ( corn1 ) ! exception t ! gr\nd is kept level1 or %\ld be4 ,!y are (t5 s arrang$ t ! cultivator c pass betwe5 !m ea* way1 ?us obviat+ ne>ly all necessity = h& "w4 ,:5 c>ri$ out to su* an ext5t1 ,i consid] ?is plan m objectionable ?an ! =m]1 especially at ! ,nor?4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :5 ! plants are s di/ant f ea* o!r1 mu* ( ! gr\nd is left unoccupi$ & unproductive4 ,9 ! second place1 ! fruit gr[] is at ! m]cy ( ! /rawb]ry's wor/ enemy1 ! ,la*no/]na1 or :ite grub4 ,few fields 9 our region are :olly free f !m & a few ( ! voraci\s pe/s w\ld leave ! gr\nd b>e1 = !y dev\r ! roots all summ] long4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 :]e s mu* ( ! gr\nd is unoccupi$1 ! labor ( mul*+1 s t ! soil c be kept moi/ & ! fruit clean1 is v great4 ,9 small g>d5-plots1 :5 ! plants c be set only two feet ap>t ea* way1 ! results ( ?is sy/em are (t5 mo/ admirable4 ,! entire spaces betwe5 !m c be kept mell[ & loose1 & !re=e moi/4 ,!re is room to dig out & eradicate ! roots ( ! wor/ we$s4 ,by frequ5tly rak+ ! gr\nd ov]1 ! annual we$s d n get a *ance to />t4 ,9 ! ri* soil ! plants make great1 bu%y cr[ns t ne>ly t\* ea* o!r1 & z !y beg9 to blossom1 ! :ole space betwe5 !m c be mul*$ ) /raw1 grass1 etc4 ,! runn]s c easily be cut away :5 ! plants are ?us isolat$4 ,:]e !re are n _m :ite grubs 9 ! soil1 ! hill sy/em is well adapt$ to meet g>d5 culture1 & ! result1 9 a prolong$ season ( l>ge1 beautiful fruit1 w be mo/ satisfactory4 ,moreov]1 ! b]ries1 be+ expos$ on all sides to ! sun1 w be ( ! be/ flavor4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 ! hill sy/em is ! only "o t c be adopt$ to advantage4 ,!re ! plants are set 9 ! summ] & autumn1 & ! crop is tak5 f !m ! foll[+ spr+4 ,!re=e ea* plant mu/ be kept f runn+1 & be /imulat$ to d its be/ )9 a giv5 space ( "t4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 h[ev]1 ! plants are set b "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s1 & ?us little space is lo/4 ,i am satisfi$ t ! me?od be/ adapt$ to our ,ea/]n & ,we/]n conditions is :at is t]m$ ! n>r[ r[ sy/em1 believ+ t x w give ! greate/ am\nt ( f9e fruit ) ! lea/ degree ( tr\ble & exp5se4 ,! plants are set "o foot f ea* o!r 9 l9e1 & n all[$ to make runn]s4 ,9 good soil1 !y w t\* ea* o!r aft] "o ye>'s gr[?1 & make a cont9u\s bu%y r[4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! r[s may be two & a half to ?ree feet4 ,?r\gh ^! spaces ! cultivator c be run z (t5 z y please1 & ! gr\nd c be ?us kept clean1 mell[1 & moi/4 ,! soil c be work$--n deeply1 ( c\rse--)9 an in* or two ( ! plants1 & ?us b little space is left = h&-we$+4 ,i h f\nd ?is latt] task be/ accompli%$ by a simple tool made ( a =k-t9e1 ) a section ( ! top left atta*$ ?us3 ,t4 ,old brok5 =ks c ?us be utiliz$4 ,?is tool c be ?ru/ deeply betwe5 ! plants )\t di/urb+ _m roots1 & ! mo/ /ubborn we$ c be pri$ out4 ,"u ?is sy/em1 ! gr\nd is occupi$ to ! fulle/ ext5t t is pr(itable4 ,! b]ries are expos$ to light & air on ei!r side1 & mul* c be appli$ ) ! lea/ degree ( tr\ble4 ,! fe$+-gr\nd = ! roots c be kept mell[ by horse-p[]2 if irrigation is adopt$1 ! spaces betwe5 ! r[s =m ! natural *annels = ! wat]4 ,*ief ( all1 x is ! mo/ successful way ( fight+ ! :ite grub4 ,^! enemies are n f\nd scatt]$ ev5ly ?r\gh ! soil1 b ab\nd 9 pat*es4 ,"h !y c be dug out if n too num]\s1 & ! plants all[$ to run & fill up ! gaps4 ,to all int5ts & purposes1 ! n>r[ r[ sy/em is hill culture ) ! evils ( ! latt] subtract$4 ,ev5 :]e x is n c>ri$ out accurately1 & _m plants take root 9 ! r[s1 mo/ ( !m w become l>ge1 /rong1 & productive "u ! ha/y culture :i* de/roys ! great] numb] ( ! side-runn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,n>r[ ,,r[ ,,& ,,hill ,,sy/ems ,:]e ?is sy/em is fairly tri$1 ! improvem5t 9 ! quality1 size1 &1 !re=e1 measur+ bulk ( ! crop1 is a/oni%+4 ,?is is especially true ( "s v>ieties1 l ! ,du*ess1 :i*1 ev5 9 a matt$ b$1 t5ds to /ool out into great bu%y plants4 ,doctor ,?urb]1 editor ( ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 unhesitat+ly pron\nc$ x ! mo/ productive & be/ e>ly v>iety 9 my specim5-b$1 conta9+ fifty diff]5t k9ds4 ,if giv5 a *ance to develop its /ool+-out qualities1 x is able to compete ev5 ) ! ,cresc5t & ,wilson 9 productiv5ess4 ,at ! same "t its fruit becomes l>ge1 & z regul> 9 %ape z if turn$ ) a la!4 ,_m :o h nev] tri$ ?is sy/em w\ld be surpris$ to f9d :at a *ange = ! bett] x makes 9 ! old popul> k9ds1 l ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,k5tucky1 & ,wilson4 ,! ,gold5 ,defiance also1 :i* is s vigor\s 9 ! matt$ b$s t we$s /& b little *ance be=e x1 almo/ d\bles 9 size & productiv5ess if re/rict$ to a n>r[ r[4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks w h ref]5ce to ?is sy/em1 z ,i consid] x ! be/4 ,we w />t ) plants t h j be5 set out4 ,if fruit is our aim1 we %\ld rememb] t ! fir/ & /ronge/ impulse ( ea* plant w be to propagate itself2 b to ! degree t x does s x less5s its own vitality & p[] to produce b]ries ! foll[+ season4 ,!re=e e runn] t a plant makes means s mu* less & s mu* small] fruit f t plant4 ,remove ! runn]s z !y appe>1 & ! life ( ! plant goes to make vigor\s foliage & a correspond+ly l>ge fruit bud4 ,! sap is /or$ up z a mill] collects & keeps = future use1 ! wat] ( a /ream4 ,moreov]1 a plant ?us curb$ ab\nds 9 vitality & does n ?r[ d[n its burd5 ( prematurely ripe fruit aft] a few hot days4 ,x works ev5ly & cont9u\sly1 z /r5g? only c1 & leisurely p]fects ! la/ b]ry on ! v9es4 ,y w (t5 f9d blossoms & ripe fruit on ! same plant--some?+ r>ely se5 :]e ! plants are cr[d$ & ! soil dry4 ,i h _h r[s ( ,tromphe de ,g& 9 be>+ = sev5 weeks4 ,) ^! facts be=e u1 ! culture ( /rawb]ries is simple en\gh4 ,a few days aft] plant+1 z soon z x is evid5t t !y w live1 /ir ! surface j ab\t !m n m ?an half an in* deep4 ,insi/ on ?is2 = mo/ workm5 w half hoe !m out ( ! gr\nd4 ,a f9e-too? rake is "o ( ! be/ tools = /irr+ ! surface m]ely4 ,aft] ! plants become well root$1 keep ! gr\nd mell[ & clean z y w\ld betwe5 any o!r ho$ crop1 us+ horse-p[] z f> z possible1 s9ce x is ! *eape/ & mo/ effective4 ,if ! plants h be5 set out 9 spr+1 take (t ! fruit buds z soon z !y appe>4 ,unless ! plants are v /rong & are set out v e>ly1 fruit+ ! same ye> means feebl5ess & (t5 dea?4 ,if b]ries are want$ )9 a ye>1 ! plants mu/ be set 9 summ] or autumn4 ,!n !y c be p]mitt$ to be> all !y w ! foll[+ season4 ,a *ild ) a pair ( %e>s or a knife1 n too dull1 c easily keep a l>ge g>d5-plot free f runn]s1 unless !re are long p]iods ( neglect4 ,half an h\r's "w once a week1 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+1 w be suffici5t4 ,a boy paid at ! rate ( tw5ty-five c5ts a day c keep acres clipp$ if he tries4 ,if ! gr\nd 7 poor1 or "o 7 desir\s ( l>ge fruit1 x w\ld be well to give a lib]al autumn top-dress+ ( f9e compo/ or any well-rott$ f]tiliz] n conta9+ crude lime4 ,bone-du/ & wood-a%es are excell5t4 ,scatt] ?is along ! r[s1 & hoe x 9 ! la/ "t !y are cultivat$ 9 ! fall4 ,) ! exception ( guano & o!r quick-act+ /imulants1 ,i believe 9 fall top-dress+4 ,! melt+ sn[s & ,m>* ra9s c>ry ! f]tiliz+ prop]ties d[n to ! roots1 :i* beg9 gr[+ & fe$+ v e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,if compo/ or b>ny>d manure is us$1 x aids 9 protect+ ! plants dur+ ! w9t]1 w>ms & mell[s ! soil1 & />ts !m into a prompt1 vigor\s gr[?1 ?us enabl+ !m to /ore up suffici5t vitality 9 ! cool gr[+ season to produce l>ge fruit 9 abundance4 ,if top-dress+s are appli$ 9 ! spr+1 & a dry p]iod foll[s1 !y sc>cely rea* ! roots 9 "t to aid 9 =m+ ! fruit buds4 ,! crop ( ! foll[+ ye>1 h[ev]1 w be increas$4 ,( c\rse1 x is f> bett] to top-dress ! r[s 9 spr+ ?an n at all4 ,i only wi% to sugge/ t usually ! be/ results are obta9$ by do+ ?is "w 9 ! fall2 & ?is w\ld be true especially ( heavy soils4 ,:5 ! gr\nd beg9s to freeze1 protect ! plants = ! w9t] by cov]+ ! r[s lightly ) /raw1 leaves1 or--bett] ?an all--) light1 /rawy horse-manure1 t has be5 pil$ up to heat & turn$ ov] once or twice1 s t 9 its viol5t f]m5tation all grass se$s h be5 kill$4 ,d n cov] s heavily z to smo!r ! plants1 nor s lightly t ! w9d & ra9s w dissipate ! mul*4 ,y\r aim is n to keep ! plants f freez+1 b f freez+ & ?aw+ ) e alt]nation ( our v>iable w9t]s & spr+s4 ,on ord9>ily dry l& two or ?ree in*es ( light mat]ial is suffici5t4 ,moreov]1 ! ?aw+ out ( ! fruit b$s or cr[n1 "u ! direct rays ( ! sun1 injures !m1 ,i ?9k4 ,mo/ ( ! damage is done 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,! good g>d5] wat*es 8 plants1 adds to ! cov]+ :]e x has be5 wa%$ away or is insuffici5t1 & dra9s (f puddles1 :i* are soon fatal to all ! plants b5ea? !m4 ,wet gr\nd1 moreov]1 heaves t5 times z badly z t :i* is dry4 ,if "o neglects to d ^! ?+s1 he may f9d half ( ! plants ?r[n out ( ! gr\nd1 aft] a day or two ( alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+4 ,good dra9age alone1 ) ?ree or f\r in*es ( cov]+ ( light mat]ial1 c prev5t ?is1 al?\gh "s v>ieties1 l ! ,gold5 ,defiance1 seem to resi/ ! heav+ action ( fro/ rem>kably4 ,nev] cov] ) hot1 heavy manure1 nor too deeply ) leaves1 z ! ra9s beat ^! d[n too flatly4 ,let ! w9t] mul* n only coy] ! r[1 b rea* a foot on ei!r side4 ,j be=e v cold wea!r beg9s--f ! middle ( ,novemb] to ,decemb] #a/1 9 our latitude--we may1 if we *oose1 cov] our b$s s deeply ) leaves1 or litt] ( "s k9d1 z to keep out ! fro/ completely4 ,we ?us may be able to dig plants on mild w9t] days & e>ly spr+1 9 case we h ord]s f ! f> ,s\?4 ,?is heavy cov]+ %\ld be light5$ suffici5tly e>ly 9 ! spr+ to prev5t smo!r+4 ,plants well protect$ h a f9e gre5 appe>ance e>ly 9 spr+1 &1 ev5 if no bett]1 w give mu* bett] satisfaction ?an ^? ^: leaves are s]e & black f fro/4 ,z ! wea!r beg9s to gr[ w>m 9 ,m>*1 pu% aside ! cov]+ a little f ! cr[n ( ! plants1 s z to let 9 air4 ,if e>ly fruit is desir$1 ! mul* c be rak$ aside & ! gr\nd work$ betwe5 ! r[s1 z soon z dang] ( sev]e fro/ is ov]4 ,if late fruit is want$1 let 9 air to ! cr[n ( ! plants1 b leave ! mul* on ! gr\nd1 :i* is ?us %ield$ f ! sun1 w>m %[]s1 & ! s\? w9d1 = two or ?ree weeks4 ,i h n[ rea*$ a po9t at :i* ,i diff] f mo/ horticultural writ]s4 ,z a rule1 x is advis$ t !re be no spr+ cultivation ( be>+ plants4 ,x has be5 said t m]ely pu%+ ! w9t] mul* aside suffici5tly to let ! new gr[? come ?r\gh is all t is ne$$4 ,i admit t ! results are (t5 satisfactory "u ?is me?od1 especially if !re has be5 deep1 ?or\gh culture 9 ! fall1 & if ! mul* betwe5 & ar\nd ! plants is v abundant4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i h s (t5 se5 unsatisfactory results t ,i take a decid$ /& 9 favor ( spr+ cultivation if done prop]ly & suffici5tly e>ly4 ,i ?9k my reasons w comm5d !mselves to practical m54 ,ev5 :]e ! soil has be5 left mell[ by fall cultivation1 ! beat+ ra9s & ! weight ( melt+ sn[s pack ! e>?4 ,all loamy l& settles & t5ds to gr[ h>d aft] ! fro/ leaves x4 ,:ile ! mul* *ecks ?is t5d5cy1 x _c :olly prev5t x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! spaces betwe5 ! r[s are seldom ?or\ghly loos5$ late 9 ! fall4 ,! mul* too (t5 is scatt]$ ov] a comp>atively h>d surface1 :i*1 by ! foll[+ ,june has become s solid z to suff] disa/r\sly f dr\ght 9 ! blossom+ & be>+ season4 ,i h se5 well-mul*$ fields ) _! plants falt]+ & wilt+1 unable to mature ! crop because ! gr\nd _h become s h>d t an ord9>y %[] c\ld make b little impression4 ,moreov]1 ev5 if kept moi/ by ! mul*1 l& long %ield$ f sun & air t5ds to become s\r1 heavy1 & devoid ( t life :i* gives vitality & vigor to ! plant4 ,! w9t] mul* ne$ n be labori\sly rak$ f ! g>d5-b$ or field1 & !n c>t$ back aga94 ,beg9 on "o side ( a plantation & rake t[>d ! o!r1 until ?ree or f\r r[s & ! spaces betwe5 !m are b>e2 !n =k ! spaces1 or run ! cultivator--(t5 ! subsoil pl[--deeply ?r\gh !m1 & !n imm$iately1 be=e ! moi/1 newly made surface dries1 rake ! w9t] mul* back into its place z a summ] mul*4 ,!n take ano!r /rip & treat x 9 l mann]1 until ! g5]\s impulse ( spr+ air & sun%9e has be5 giv5 to ! soil ( ! entire plantation4 ,?is spr+ cultivation %\ld be done e>ly--z soon z possible aft] ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w4 ,! roots ( a plant or tree %\ld nev] be s]i\sly di/urb$ 9 ! blossom+ or be>+ p]iod2 & yet ,i w\ld r /ir ! surface1 ev5 :5 my b$s 7 9 full bloom1 ?an leave x h>d1 bak$1 & dry2 =1 he$ ?is tru? well--unless a plant1 f ! "t x blossoms until ! fruit matures1 has an abundance ( moi/ure1 x w fail 9 almo/ ! exact proportion t moi/ure fails4 ,a lib]al summ] mul* "u & ar\nd ! plants n only keeps ! fruit clean1 b r5d]s a wat]+ mu* m la/+1 by %ield+ ! soil f ! sun4 ,nev] spr9kle ! plants a little 9 dry wea!r4 ,if y wat] at all1 soak ! gr\nd & keep x moi/ all ! "t till ! crop matures4 ,insuffici5t wat]+ w injure & p]haps de/roy ! be/ ( b$s4 ,b ?is subject & t ( irrigation w be treat$ 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,:5 prize b]ries are s\ght1 enorm\s fruit c be obta9$ by ! use ( liquid manure1 b x %\ld be appli$ ) skill & judgm5t1 or else its v /r5g? may dw>f ! plants4 ,9 ?is case1 also1 all ! little gre5 b]ries1 save ! ?ree or f\r l[e/ ones1 may be pick$ f ! fruit truss1 & ! =ce ( ! plant w be exp5d$ 9 matur+ a few mammo? specim5s4 ,nev] seek to /imulate ) pla/] or lime1 directly4 ,o!r plants' meat is ! /rawb]ry's poison 9 respect to ! imm$iate action ( ^! two ag5ts4 ,horse manure compo/$ ) muck1 vegetable m\ld1 wood-a%es1 bone meal1 &1 be/ ( all1 ! product ( ! c[-/able1 if ?or\ghly decay$ & incorporat$ ) ! soil1 w probably give ! l>ge/ /rawb]ries t c be gr[n1 if /eady moi/ure1 b n wetness1 is ma9ta9$4 ,_m advise ! m[+ (f ( ! old foliage aft] ! fruit has be5 ga!r$4 ,i d\bt ! wisdom ( ?is practice4 ,! cr[ns ( ! plants & ! surface ( ! b$ are laid op5 to ! midsumm] sun4 ,! foliage is ne$$ to su/a9 or develop ! roots4 ,9 ! case ( a few pett$ & valuable plants1 x might be well to take (f "s ( ! old dy+ leaves1 b x seems reasonable to ?9k t ! :olesale de/ruction ( heal?ful foliage mu/ be a sev]e bl[ to ! vitality ( ! plants4 ,/ill1 ! b$s %\ld n be left to we$s & dr\ght4 ,neglect w\ld be ungraci\s1 inde$1 j aft] receiv+ su* delici\s gifts4 ,i w\ld advise t ! co>se/ ( ! mul* be rak$ (f & /or$ = w9t] cov]+1 & !n ! rema9d] =k$ v lightly or cultivat$ into ! soil1 z a f]tiliz] imm$iately aft] a soak+ ra91 b n :5 ! gr\nd is dry4 ,d n di/urb ! roots ( a plant dur+ a dry p]iod4 ,_m advise a lib]al manur+ aft] ! fruit is ga!r$4 ,?is is ! ,engli% me?od1 & is all "r 9 _! humid climate1 b dang]\s 9 our l& ( hot suns & long dr\ghts4 ,d>k-color$ f]tiliz]s absorb & int5sify ! heat4 ,a spr9kl+ ( bone du/ c be us$ to advantage z a summ] /imulant1 & /rong] manures1 conta9+ a l>g] p] c5t ( nitrog51 c be appli$ j be=e ! late fall ra9s4 ,a plant j aft] be>+ ne$s re/4 ,aft] fruit+1 ! foliage ( "s ( our be/ k9ds turns r$ & seem+ly burns & %rivels away4 ,?is is n necess>ily a disease1 b m]ely ! decay ( old leaves :i* h fulfill$ _! mission4 ,f ! cr[n a new & vigor\s gr[? w ev5tually take _! place4 ,:5 "o is engag$ 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess1 ! "y plants =m a crop f> m valuable ?an ! fruit4 ,!re=e1 e ef=t is made to increase ! numb] ( runn]s r ?an to de/roy !m4 ,/imulat+ manures1 :i* promote a gr[? ( v9es r ?an ( fruit1 are ! mo/ useful4 ,! process ( root+ is (t5 greatly ha/5$ by lay]+2 t is1 by press+ ! incipi5t plant =m+ on ! runn] into ! soil1 & by lay+ on x a pebble or lump ( e>? to keep x 9 its place4 ,:5 a b$ is closely cov]$ ) "y plants t h n tak5 root1 a top-dress+ ( f9e compo/ w greatly ha/5 _! developm5t4 ,moi/ure is ev5 m ess5tial to ! nurs]yman ?an to ! fruit gr[]1 & he ne$s x especially dur+ ! hot mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]1 = x is !n t ! new crop ( plants is gr[+4 ,!re=e1 8 ne$ ( damp b well-dra9$ gr\nd2 & if ! means ( irrigation are )9 8 rea*1 he may accompli% wond]s1 & c take two or ?ree crops ( plants f ! same area 9 "o season4 ,:ile ! gr[+ ( /rawb]ry plants may be v pr(itable1 x mu/ be exp5sive1 s9ce l>ge areas mu/ be labori\sly we$$ by h& sev]al times 9 ! season4 ,in/ead ( keep+ ! spaces betwe5 ! r[s cle>1 = ! use ( horse-p[]1 x is our aim to h !m cov]$ z soon z possible ) runn]s & "y plants4 ,! ,gold5 ,defiance1 ,cresc5t ,se$l+ & a few o!rs w keep pace ) mo/ we$s1 & ev5 ma/] !m2 b ne>ly all v>ieties require mu* help 9 ! unequal fight1 or our b$s become melan*oly examples ( ! survival ( ! unfitte/4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,a ,,s\!rn ,,/rawb]ry ,,f>m1 ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,culture ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,hav+ treat$ ( ! plant+ ( /rawb]ries1 _! cultivation1 & k9dr$ topics1 9 t great nor!rn belt1 ( :i* a l9e drawn ?r\gh ,new ,york city may be reg>d$ z ! c5tre1 ,i %all n[ sugge/ *>act]i/ics 9 ! culture ( ?is fruit 9 s\!rn latitudes4 ,we ne$ n ref] to ! olde/ inhabitant1 s9ce ! middle-ag$ rememb] :5 ev5 ! l>ge cities ( ! ,nor? 7 suppli$ f ! fields 9 ! suburbs1 & ! /rawb]ry season 9 t[n 0 id5tical ) t ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,b a m>vell\s *ange has tak5 place1 & b]ries f s\!rn climes appe> 9 our m>kets soon aft] midw9t]4 ,?is e>ly supply is becom+ "o ( ! *ief indu/ries ( ! ,s\? ,atlantic coa/1 & e ye> increases its magnitude4 ,at "o "t1 s\!rn ,new ,j]sey furni%$ ! fir/ b]ries1 b ,m>yl&1 ,delaw>e1 & ,virg9ia soon began to compete4 ,norfolk e>ly took ! lead 9 ?is trade1 & ev5 be=e ! w> 0 build+ up a f9e bus9ess4 ,t ev5t cut (f our ,s\!rn supply1 & = a few ye>s ,june & /rawb]ries aga9 came toge!r4 ,b aft] ! welcome peace1 _m ,s\!rn fields grew r$ once m1 b n ) blood1 & ?rong$1 b *iefly by wom5 & *ildr54 ,soil1 climate1 & sup]b wat] communications spe$ily re/or$ to ,norfolk ! vantage :i* %e w probably ma9ta92 b fleet /eam]s are giv+ m s\!rn ports a *ance4 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 is second only 9 importance4 ,9 ! spr+ ( '#gi1 e week f\r /eam]s 7 load$ = ,new ,york1 & /rawb]ries =m$ no insignificant proportion ( ! freight4 ,inde$1 ! supply f ,*>le/on 0 s l>ge t ! price 9 ,april sc>cely repaid ! co/ ( "s %ipm5ts4 ,! proprietor ( a commission h\se1 l>gely engag$ 9 ! ,s\!rn fruit trade1 told me he ?\ght t ab\t "o ?ird z _m /rawb]ries came f ,*>le/on z f ,norfolk4 ,f c>eful inquiries made on ! gr\nd1 ,i am l$ to believe--if x has n already atta9$ ?is position--t ,norfolk is rapidly becom+ ! l>ge/ /rawb]ry c5tre 9 ! _w1 ?\gh ,*>le/on is unque/ionably de/9$ to become its *ief rival 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! latt] city1 h[ev]1 has n be5 able to monopolize ! f> ,s\!rn trade1 & nev] h ,i se5 a f9] field ( /rawb]ries ?an 0 %[n me 9 ! suburbs ( ,savannah4 ,x consi/$ ( a squ>e ( f\r acres1 set ) ,neunan's ,prolific1 ! celebrat$ ,*>le/on b]ry4 ,& n[ ,florida1 ) its unrivall$ oranges1 is beg9n+ to furni% tons ( /rawb]ries1 t beg9 rip5+ 9 our midw9t]2 &1 ) its quick1 s&y soil & sunny skies1 ?reat5s to r5d] ! gr[+ ( ?is fruit "u glass unpr(itable4 ,i saw la/ w9t]1 at ,m&>91 q an ext5sive /rawb]ry f>m1 "u ! c>e ( ,messrs4 ,b[5 ,bro!rs1 & 0 %[n _! skilful appliances = %ipp+ ! fruit4 ,at ,jacksonville1 also1 ,capta9 ,william ,james is succe$+ f9ely 9 ! culture ( "s ( our ,nor!rn v>ieties1 ! ,se? ,boyd5 tak+ ! lead4 ,i ?9k ,i c bett] pres5t ! *>act]i/ics ( /rawb]ry culture 9 ! ,s\? by aim+ to give a graphic picture ( ! sc5es & life on a s+le f>m ?an is possible by g5]al /atem5ts ( :at ,i h witness$ "h & !re4 ,i h !re=e select$ = description a plantation at ,norfolk1 s9ce ?is city is ! c5tre ( ! l>ge/ trade1 & ne>ly midway 9 ! ,atlantic /rawb]ry belt1 ,i am also l$ to make ?is *oice because "h is to be f\nd1 ,i believe1 ! l>ge/ /rawb]ry f>m 9 ! _w1 & its v>i$ labors illu/rate mo/ ( ! ,s\!rn aspects ( ! "q4 ,! read] may imag9e himself jo9+ our little p>ty on a lovely aft]noon ab\t ! middle ( ,may4 ,we took "o ( ! f9e1 /an* /eam]s ( ! ,old ,dom9ion l9e at ?ree ,p4,m41 & soon 7 enjoy+1 ) a pleasure t nev] palls1 ! sail f ! city to ! sea4 ,our arti/ic lead]1 ^: eye & ta/e 7 to illum9e & ca/ a glam\r ov] my o!rwise matt]-(-fact text1 0 all agl[ ) ! v>i$ beauties ( ! sc5e1 & he fac$ ! prospect beyond ! ,hook ) no m misgiv+s ?an if x 7 a pa9t$ ocean4 ,b !re are occasions :5 ! mo/ h]oic c\rage is ( no avail4 ,only 9 ! peace & beauty t cr[n$ ! clos+ h\rs ( ! day z we /eam$ pa/ ,=tress ,monroe & up ! ,elizabe? riv]1 did ! prosaic fade out ( ! h\rs j pa/1 & n[ be=e u 0 ! sunny ,s\? & /rawb]ries & cream4 ,9 ! night !re 0 a /eady d[nfall ( ra91 b sun%9e came ) ! morn+1 & we f\nd t ! spr+ we _h left at ! ,nor? 0 summ] "h1 & saw t ! season 0 mov+ =w>d ) quick5$ & ela/ic tread4 ,be=e ! day grew w>m we />t$ f our hotel at ,norfolk = ! /rawb]ry plantation1 rattl+ & b\nc+ pa/ com=table & sub/antial homes1 ov] a pavem5t t surpass$ ev5 ! ups & d[ns ( =tune4 ,"h & !re1 surr\nd$ by a high brick wall1 w\ld be se5 a f9e old mansion1 emb[]$ 9 a weal? ( %rubb]y & foliage t gave1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! city1 a suburban seclusion4 ,! honeysuckle & roses are at home 9 ,norfolk1 & _! exquisite p]fume float$ to u across ! high g>d5 f5ces4 ,?ank ,heav56 "s ( ! be/ ?+s 9 ! _w _c be wall$ 94 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* & qua9t old bury+-gr\nd1 %ad[$ by trees1 fe/oon$ ) v9es1 & gemm$ ) fl[]s1 seem$ s beautiful1 z we pass$1 t we ?\ght its influ5ce on ! secul> mat]ial life ( ! p mu/ be almo/ z good ?r\gh ! busy week z on ! ,sabba?4 ,! h\ses soon grew scatt]+1 & ! wide1 level1 op5 c\ntry /ret*$ away be=e u1 its monotony brok5 "h & !re by groves ( p9e4 ,! %ell road ceas$ & our :eels n[ pass$ ?r\gh _m deep puddles1 :i* 9 ,virg9ia seem sacr$1 s9ce !y are pres]v$ ye> aft] ye> 9 exactly ! same places4 ,a m v>i$ class ( vehicles ?an we met f "t to "t w\ld sc>cely be se5 on any o!r road 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re 7 /yli% city c>riages & buggies1 groc] & express wagons1 great lumb]+ m>ket trucks lad5 ) b>rels ( e>ly cabbages1 spr+ wagons1 drawn by mules1 pil$ up ) crates f _m a /rawb]ry field 9 ! int]ior1 & s1 on ! desc5d+ scale1 till we rea* ! two-:eel$1 primitive c>ts drawn by c[s--all conv]g+ t[>d "s ,nor!rn /eam]1 ^: capaci\s maw 0 ready to receive ! produce ( ! c\ntry4 ,we _h n proce$$ v f> be=e we saw 9 ! di/ance a pretty cottage1 %elt]$ by a gr\p ( tall1 primeval p9es1 & on ! "r ( x a l>ge b>n-l build+1 ) a dwell+1 (fice1 smi?y1 %$s1 etc41 gr\p$ ab\t x4 ,a previ\s visit enabl$ me to po9t out ! cottage z ! home ( ! proprietor1 & to expla9 t ! seem+ b>n 0 a /rawb]ry crate manufactory4 ,z 0 ! case on l>ge plantations 9 ! old5 "t1 almo/ ev]y?+ requir$ 9 ! bus9ess is made on ! place1 & ne>ly e me*anical trade has a repres5tative 9 ,mr4 ,"y's employ4 ,z we drove up "u ! p9es1 ! proprietor ( ! f>m welcom$ u ) a cordial hospitality1 :i* he may h acquir$ 9 "p f 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,s\?4 ,on ! por* /ood a sl5d] lady1 ^: girli% grace & delicate beauty at once captivat$ ! arti/s ( our p>ty4 ,!re 0 ! f>m we _h come to see1 /ret*+ away be=e u 9 hundr$s ( gre51 level acres4 ,z we drove to a di/ant field 9 :i* ! pick]s 7 !n engag$1 we c\ld see ! rip5+ b]ries ) "o side blu%+ t[>d ! sun4 ,pass+ a scre5 ( p9es1 we came out into a field conta9+ ?irte5 acres ( ,wilson /rawb]ries1 & !n m fully began to realize ! magnitude ( ! bus9ess4 ,scatt]$ ov] ! wide area1 9 :at seem$ inextricable confusion to our un9itiat$ eyes1 7 hundr$s ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ( all ages & %ades ( color1 & f ! field at l>ge came a s(t5$ d9 ( voices1 above ! monotony ( :i* arose "h & !re snat*es ( song1 laught] mell[$ by di/ance1 & occasionally ! l\d1 %>p ord]s ( ! ov]se]s1 :o /alk$ hi!r & ?i!r1 :]ev] _! little brief au?ority 0 mo/ 9 requisition4 ,we soon not$ t ! confusion 0 m app>5t ?an real1 & t ea* pick] 0 giv5 a r[ ov] :i* he--or1 m (t51 %e--b5t ) busy f+]s until x 0 f9i%$4 ,at c5tral po9ts crates 7 pil$ up1 & m5 kn[n z buy]s receiv$ ! r\nd qu>t baskets f ! trays ( ! pick]s1 :ile wide plat=m c>ts1 drawn by mules1 7 br++ empty crates & c>ry+ away ^? t _h be5 fill$4 ,along ! road t skirt$ ! field1 & aga9/ a pretty backgr\nd ( half-gr[n p9es1 motley =ms & gr\ps 7 mov+ to & fro1 "s seek+ ! buy]s ) full trays1 o!rs return+ to _! /ations 9 ! field ) a new supply ( empty baskets4 ,"s ( ! pick]s 7 drift+ away to o!r fields1 a few seek+ "w late 9 ! day2 m1 b>ga9+ ) ! it9]ant v5d]s ( pies1 made to la/ all summ] if n sold1 g+]bread1 pones1 & o!r nondescript edibles1 at :i* an o/ri* w\ld hesitate 9 well-gr\nd$ fe> ( indige/ion1 b = :i* sable & semi-sable pick]s ex*ange _! b]ry tickets & p5nies z eag]ly z we buy ,vi5na rolls4 ,two or ?ree b>\*es & buggies t _h br\ght visitors 7 m+l$ ) ! mule-c>ts2 & gr\p$ toge!r = a mom5t might be se5 elegantly attir$ ladies f ,new ,york1 sl5d] mulatto girls1 clad 9 a s+le tatt]$1 g[n :i* scantily cov]$ _! b>e ankles & feet1 & /\t1 %9y negro wom51 _! wai/s ti$ ) a /r+ to prev5t _! fl[+ drap]y f imp$+ _! "w4 ,flitt+ to & fro 7 numb]less color$ *ildr51 b>e-head$1 b>e-legg$1 & (t51 ) n a little ( _! sleek bodies gleam+ ?r\gh ! innum]able r5ts ( _! g>m5ts1 _! eyes glitt]+ l black beads1 & _! :ite tee? %[+ on ! slighte/ provocation to mir?4 ,inde$1 ! majority ( ! "y m5 & wom5 7 *att]+ & laugh+ mu* ( ! "t1 & only ^? well 9 ! %ad[ ( age work$ on 9 a /olid1 plodd+ mann]4 ,m+l$ indiscrim9ately ) ! color$ p 7 n a few :ite wom5 & *ildr51 & occasionally a :ite man4 ,z a rule1 ^! 7 bett] dress$1 ! :ite girls we>+ sun-bonnets ( port5t\s size1 ^: cav]n\s dep?s w\ld make a se>* = beauty on ! "p ( our arti/ a r close & emb>rass+ scrut9y4 ,! color$ wom5 z (t5 wore a man's hat z any o!r1 & occasionally enliv5$ ! field ) a r$ b&ana4 ,ov] all ! /oop+1 mov+1 oddly app>ell$ =ms1 a ,june-l sun 0 %9+ ) summ] w>m?4 ,beyond ! field a bran* ( ,tann]'s ,creek %imm]$ 9 ! light1 tall p9es sigh$ 9 ! breeze on ! "r1 & f ! copse-wood at _! feet quails 7 call+1 _! mell[ :i/le bl5d+ ) ! notes ( a wild ,me?odi/ air4 ,9 ! di/ance rose ! spires ( ,norfolk1 complet+ a picture ^: int]e/ & *>m ,i h b fa9tly sugge/$4 ,sev]al ( ! ov]se]s are negroes1 & we 7 h>dly on ! gr\nd be=e "o ( ^! m51 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duty1 %\t$ 9 a /5torian voice3 ,heah1 y6 ,git up d>1 y long man1 (f'n y] knees4 ,:at yo' ma%9' d[n a half-acre o' b]ries f]8 ,mr4 ,%epp>d 0 quick to see a good subject1 & almo/ 9 a fla% he _h ! man pos$ & motionless 9 8 attitude ( au?ority1 & "u 8 rapid /rokes ,jackson won fame & em95ce1 go+ to 8 "w a little lat] ! h]o ( ! field4 ,! ov]se]'s task is a difficult "o1 = ! pick]s lea/ giv5 to pray] are (t5e/ on _! knees1 cru%+ ! /rawb]ries1 & :e!r !y are long or %ort1 mu* fruit is de/roy$4 ,nor? & ,s\?1 ! ef=t to keep ^? we employ (f ! b]ries mu/ be con/ant1 especially z a long1 hot day is wan+4 ,inde$1 "o c sc>cely blame !m = lopp+ d[n1 = x w\ld be inquisitorial torture to mo/ ( u to /oop ^u our feet ?r\gh a summ] day4 ,pick+ /rawb]ries1 z a /eady bus9ess1 is w(ully prosaic4 ,:ile ! sun _h be5 %9+ s brightly !re _h be5 an occasional heavy j> & rumble ( ?und]1 & n[ ! we/]n sky 0 black4 ,gradually ! pick]s _h disappe>$ f ! ,wilson field1 & we at la/ foll[$ !m1 w>n$ by an occasional drop ( ra9 to seek ! vic9ity ( ! h\se4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! grassy slope b5ea? ! p9es 9 ! re> ( ! dwell+1 we turn$ to note ! pretty sc5e4 ,a bran* ( ,tann]'s ,creek came up almo/ to our feet1 & on ei!r side ( x /ret*$ away long r[s ( /rawb]ries z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*4 ,t[>d ^! ! ?rong ( pick]s n[ drift$1 seek+ fre% fields & pa/ures new4 ,! motley cr[d 0 /ream+ d[n on ei!r side ( ! creek1 :ile across a little causeway came a c\nt] curr5t1 ! majority ( !m hav+ trays full ( b]ries4 ,! buy]s1 l ! trad]s ) ! nomad ,indians1 op5 traffic any:]e1 & at ! %orte/ notice4 ,a mule-c>t 0 /opp$1 a few empty crates tak5 (f & plac$ "u ! p9es at our feet1 & soon ! grass 0 cov]$ ) full qu>t baskets1 = :i* ! pick]s receiv$ tickets & !n pass$ on1 or1 z 0 (t5 ! case1 ?rew !mselves d[n 9 ! %ade4 ,! it9]ant v5d]s came flock+ 9 l s _m buzz>ds4 ,!re 0 at once *aff]+ & *aff+1 eat+ & dr9k+4 ,all 7 m]ry4 ,look+ on ! gr\ps be=e u1 "o w\ld imag9e t ! sky 0 s]5e4 ,& yet1 fr[n+ ^u ?is sc5e ( c>eless security1 ?is improvid5t disreg>d ( a swiftly com+ em]g5cy1 0 "o ( ! blacke/ ( cl\ds4 ,e mom5t ! ?und] 0 j>r+ & roll+ ne>]1 & yet ?is jolly p1 :o take no ?\ght1 he$$ n ! w>n+4 ,ev5 ! buy]s & pack]s seem$ infect$ ) a l _s1 & 7 leisurely pack+ 9 crates ! baskets ( b]ries scatt]$ on ! grass1 :5 sudd5ly ,mr4 ,"y1 ) 8 fleet1 black horse1 came fly+ d[n ^u u4 ,/&+ up 9 8 buggy1 he gave a doz5 rapid ord]s1 l an (fic] on ! field 9 a critical mom5t4 ,! wom51 :o _h be5 l\ng+ ) _! h&s on _! hips1 %uffl$ (f ) _! trays2 half-burn$ pipes are ha/ily empti$2 g+]bread & l delicacies are /uff$ into capaci\s m\?s1 s9ce h&s mu/ be employ$ at once4 ,pack]s1 mules1 ev]ybody1 ev]y?+1 are put ^u ! d\ble-quick to prep>e = ! %[]4 ,x is too late1 h[ev]1 = d[n come ! huge drops z !y c fall only 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! l&scape gr[s obscure1 ! =ms ( ! pick]s 9 ! di/ance become dim & mi/y1 & :5 at la/ x light5s up a little1 !y h disappe>$ f ! fields4 ,!re !y g1 /ream+ & dripp+ t[>d ! b>ns & %$s1 look+ z b$raggl$ z a flock ( black ,spani% f[ls4 ,su* ( ! mule-driv]s z h be5 caught1 n[ t !y are 9 = x1 drive leisurely by ) ! heavy crates t !y %\ld h ga!r$ up m promptly4 ,! cl\d did n prove a pass+ "o1 & ! ra9 fell s long & copi\sly t fur!r pick+ = ! day 0 ab&on$4 ,"s jogg$ (f to ! city1 at a pace t no?+ b a fi]y /orm c\ld h quick5$4 ,a hundr$ or two rema9$ "u ! %$s1 s++ & laugh+4 ,m5 & wom51 & _m bright "y negro girls1 too1 light$ _! pipes & wait$ till !y c\ld ga!r at ! pay+ boo?1 ne> ! entrance ( ! f>m1 aft] ! ra9 0 ov]4 ,?is boo? 0 a small %op1 extemporiz$ ( r\gh bo>ds by an ent]pris+ groc] ( ! city4 ,"o side 0 op51 l ! c\nt] ( a re/aurant1 & )91 ^u ! grass1 z yet untrodd51 7 b>rels & boxes conta9+ ! edible enormities :i* seem indig5\s to ! semi-groc]y & eat+-h\se4 ,9 mo/ respects ! place resembl$ ! sutl]'s /& ( our army days4 ,!re 0 a small w9d[ on "o end ( ! boo?1 & at ?is sat ! groc]1 metamorphos$ into a payma/]1 ) a huge bag ( co91 :i* he rapidly ex*ang$ = ! /rawb]ry tickets4 ,our la/ glimpse ( ! pick]s1 :o _h /ream$ out ( ! city 9 ! gray dawn1 left !m 9 a long l9e1 close z h]r+s 9 a box1 press+ t[>d ! w9d[1 f :i* came fa9tly ! *9k ( silv]4 ,z night at la/ clos$ ab\t u1 we realiz$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a /rawb]ry f>m & a /rawb]ry b$1 or pat*1 z c\ntry p say4 ,"h 0 a l>ge & well-develop$ bus9ess1 :i* prov$ ! pres5ce ( no small degree ( bra9 p[] & en]gy2 & our ?\ghts naturally turn$ to ! proprietor & ! me?ods by :i* he a*iev$ success4 ,j4 ,e4 ,"y1 ,jr41 is a vet]an 9 /rawb]ry culture1 al?\gh b tw5ty-n9e ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,"y1 ,sr41 0 a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman :o always _h a lean+ t[>d man's primal call+4 ,:5 8 son 0 a little boy1 he 0 prea*+ at ,plattsburgh1 ,new ,york1 & to 8 labors 9 ! spiritual v9ey>d jo9$ ! c>e ( a g>d5 t 0 ! pride ( ! t[n4 ,mr4 ,"y1 ,jr41 admits t he hat$ we$+ & work+ among /rawb]ries z mu* z any o!r boy1 until he 0 giv5 a %>e 9 ! crop1 & p]mitt$ to s5d a few crates to ,montreal4 ,he _h se5 b n9e ye>s :5 he %ipp$ 8 fir/ b]ries to m>ket1 & e summ] s9ce1 f sev]al widely sep>at$ localities & ) _m & v>i$ exp]i5ces1 he has s5t to ,nor!rn cities increas+ quantities ( 8 favorite fruit4 ,:5 b fifte5 ye>s ( age he _h ! entire *>ge1 dur+ ! long season1 ( ?ree hundr$ h&s1 & ! l>ge majority ( !m 7 ,iri% wom5 & *ildr54 ,aft] consid]able exp]i5ce 9 /rawb]ry f>m+ 9 nor!rn & s\!rn ,new ,york & 9 ,new ,j]sey1 8 fa!r induc$ him to settle at ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 & hi!r he came ab\t t5 ye>s ago4 ,n[ he has "u 8 control a f>m ( #ddj acres1 #aej ( :i* are to-day cov]$ ) be>+ /rawb]ry plants4 ,9 addition1 he has set out ?is spr+ ov] two million m plants1 :i* w occupy ano!r hundr$ acres1 s t 9 #ahhj he w h #bej acres t mu/ be pick$ ov] almo/ daily4 ,mr4 ,"y pref]s spr+ plant+ 9 op]ations ^u a l>ge scale4 ,su* a *oice is v natural 9 ?is latitude1 = !y c beg9 sett+ ! fir/ ( ,febru>y & cont9ue until ! middle ( ,april4 ,!re=e1 n9e-t5?s ( ! plants gr[n 9 ?is region are set out 9 spr+4 ,b at ,*>le/on & fur!r s\?1 !y rev]se ?is practice1 &1 ) few exceptions1 plant 9 ! summ] & fall1 beg9n+ z e>ly z ,july on "s places1 & cont9u+ well into ,decemb]4 ,i mu/ also /ate t ! f9e/ new plantation t ,i saw on ,mr4 ,"y's place 0 a field ( ,se? ,boyd5s set out 9 ,septemb]4 ,?is fact proves t he c\ld foll[ ! sy/em ( autumn plant+ successfully1 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he w reg>d ?is me?od ) con/antly increas+ favor4 ,z an in/ance prov+ ! adaptation to ?is latitude ( ! fall sy/em ( plant+1 ,i may /ate t #if1jjj plants 7 s5t to a g5tleman at ,ri*mond1 9 ,octob]1 #ahgg1 & :5 ,i visit$ 8 place1 ! foll[+ spr+1 !re 0 sc>cely a break 9 ! long r[s1 & ne>ly fruit en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 to pay = ! plants4 ,f 8 ,se? ,boyd5s1 set out la/ ,septemb]1 ,mr4 ,"y w c]ta9ly pick en\gh b]ries to pay exp5ses ?us f>2 & at ! same "t1 ! plants are already f\r times ! size ( any set out ?is spr+4 ,z ! c\ntry ab\t ,norfolk is level1 ) spots :]e ! wat] w\ld /& 9 v wet wea!r1 ,mr4 ,"y has x ?r[n up into slightly rais$ b$s two & a half feet wide4 ,?is is done by pl[s1 aft] ! gr\nd has be5 ?or\ghly prep>$ & levell$ by a heavy1 f9e-too!d h>r[4 ,^! ridges are b f\r or five in*es high1 & are smoo!d (f by an implem5t made = ! purpose4 ,^u ^! b$s1 q ne> ! edges1 ! plants are set 9 r[s tw5ty in*es ap>t1 :ile ! depress$ space betwe5 ! b$s is tw5ty-sev5 in*es wide4 ,?is space is also design$ = ! pa?s4 ,! r[s & ! prop] di/ances = ! plants are designat$ by a m>k]1 an implem5t consi/+ ( sev]al :eels fa/5$ to a frame & drawn by h&4 ,on ! rim ( ^! :eels are two knobs %ap$ l an acorn4 ,ea* :eel m>ks a cont9u\s l9e on ! s(t e>?1 & ) ea* revolution ! knobs make two slight b di/9ct depressions twelve in*es ap>t2 or1 if ! v>iety to be plant$ is a vigor\s gr[]1 he uses ano!r set ( :eels t ind5t ! gr\nd e fifte5 in*es4 ,a plant is dropp$ at ea* ind5tation1 & a gang ( color$ wom5 foll[ ) tr[els1 & by two or ?ree quick1 dext]\s movem5ts1 imb$ ! roots firmly 9 ! soil4 ,"s become s quick & skilful z to be able to set out six or sev5 ?\s& a day1 :ile f\r or five ?\s& is ! av]age4 ,) 8 tra9$ b& ( tw5ty wom51 ,mr4 ,"y calls ! sett+ ( a hundr$ ?\s& plants a good day's "w4 ,9 ,april comm5ces ! long campaign aga9/ ! we$s1 :i* advance l successive armies4 ,no soon] is "o gr[? sla9 ?an a diff]5t & p]haps m pe/if]\s class rises 9 its place--! wor/ ( ! ,phili/9es be+ nut-grass1 quack-grass1 &--dire/ foe ( all--wire-grass4 ,?is labor is r$uc$ to its m9imum by mule cultivation1 & ,mr4 ,"y has on 8 f>m a /yle ( cultivator t is peculi>ly adapt$ to ! "w4 ,z ?is is 8 own inv5tion1 ,i w n describe x1 b m]ely /ate t x enables him to "w v close to ! r[s1 & to /ir ! soil deeply )\t mov+ x or cov]+ ! plants4 ,^! cultivators are foll[$ by wom51 ) light1 %>p hoes1 :o cut away ! few we$s left betwe5 ! plants4 ,!y h&le ^! tools s deftly t sc>cely any we$+ is left to be done by h&2 =1 by a rapid encircl+ /roke1 !y cut )9 a half-in* ( ! plant4 ,= sev]al ye>s pa/1 ,i h urg$ ^u ,mr4 ,"y ! advantage ( ! n>r[ r[ sy/em1 & 8 own exp]i5ce has l$ him to adopt x4 ,he is n[ able to keep 8 imm5se f>m free ( we$s *iefly by mule labor1 :]eas1 9 8 old sy/em ( matt$ r[ culture x 0 impossible to keep d[n ! grass1 or prev5t ! gr\nd f becom+ h>d & dry4 ,he n[ re/ricts 8 plants to hills or /ools1 f twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,! runn]s are cut f "t to "t ) %oe-knives1 ! left h& ga!r+ !m up by a s+le rapid movem5t1 & ! "r h& sev]+ !m by a /roke4 ,"o woman w1 by ?is me?od1 clip ! runn]s f sev]al acres dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,to keep 8 f>m 9 ord]1 ,mr4 ,"y mu/ employ sev5ty-five h&s ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,! av]age wages = wom5 is fifty c5ts1 & = m5 sev5ty-five to n9ety c5ts4 ,9 ! item ( *eap labor ! ,s\? has ! advantage ( ! ,nor?4 ,) ! adv5t ( autumn1 ! onslaught ( we$s gradually ceases1 & !re is "s respite 9 ! labors ( a ,virg9ia /rawb]ry f>m4 ,at ,*>le/on & fur!r s\?1 ?is respite is brief1 = ! w9t]s !re are s mild t c]ta9 k9ds ( we$s w gr[ all ! "t1 & e>ly 9 ,febru>y !y mu/ beg9 to cultivate ! gr\nd & mul* ! plants = be>+4 ,bord]+ on ,mr4 ,"y's f>m1 & fur!r up ! creek1 !re are hundr$s ( acres ( salt mead[s4 ,f ^! he has cut1 9 ! autumn & e>ly w9t]1 two hundr$ tons ( hay1 & ) 8 light] floats x d[n to 8 :>f4 ,9 ,decemb]1 acre aft] acre is cov]$ until all ! plants are q hidd5 f view4 ,9 ! spr+1 ?is w9t] mul* is left ^u ! gr\nd z ! summ] mul*1 ! new gr[? 9 mo/ in/ances pu%+ its way ?r\gh x readily4 ,:5 x is too ?ick to p]mit ?is1 x is pu%$ aside f ! cr[ns ( ! plants4 ,?us f> he has giv5 ! be>+ fields no spr+ culture1 adopt+ ! common !ory t ! gr\nd ar\nd ! plants mu/ n be di/urb$ at ?is season4 ,i advocate ! opposite view1 & believe 9 e>ly spr+ culture1 z ,i h already expla9$2 & ,i ?9k 8 exp]i5ce ?is ye> w lead him to give my me?od a trial 9 #ahhj4 ,! latt] "p ( ,april & e>ly ,may 0 v dry at ,norfolk1 & ! gr\nd betwe5 ! be>+ plants became p>*$1 h>d1 & 9 _m in/ances full ( we$s t _h be5 develop+ ?r\gh ! long1 mild spr+ ( ?is region4 ,n[ ,i am satisfi$ t if he1 & all o!rs 9 ?is region :o adopt ! n>r[ r[ sy/em1 w\ld loos5 ! gr\nd deeply ) a subsoil pl[ e>ly 9 ! season1 be=e ! plants _h made any gr[?1 & !n /ir & pulv]ize all ! surface betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[s1 !y w\ld increase ! size & quantity ( ! b]ries at lea/ "o-?ird1 & 9 _m in/ances d\ble ! crop4 ,x w\ld require a v sev]e dr\ght1 inde$1 to injure plants ?us treat$1 & x is well kn[n1 also1 t a por\s1 mell[ soil w be/ endure too frequ5t ra9s4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t light & air are z indisp5sable to ! roots ( plants z to ! foliage4 ,! w9t] mul* ne$ n prev5t ?is spr+ culture4 ,let ! m5 beg9 on "o side ( a field1 & rake inw>d until half a doz5 r[s are uncov]$4 ,d[n ?r\gh ^! ! subsoil pl[ & ! cultivator c pass4 ,!n ! hay c be rak$ back aga9 z ! summ] mul*1 & a new space cle>$1 until ! :ole field is cultivat$ & ! mul* left z x 0 be=e4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 x is n a surface l h>d-pan t is cov]$1 b a mell[ soil 9 :i* ! roots c luxuriate4 ,mr4 ,"y uses f]tiliz]s1 especially ^? conta9+ ammonia1 only to a limit$ ext5t1 believ+ t :ile !y und\bt$ly increase ! size ( ! fruit1 !y also r5d] x s(t & unfit = long c>riage1 & promote an undue gr[? ( v9e4 ,?is !ory is true1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b ,i ?9k ! comp5sat+ b5efits ( f]tiliz]s ( almo/ any k9d f> outweigh ! disadvantages4 ,at 8 di/ance f ! m>ket1 firmness 9 ! b]ry is ess5tial1 b ,i ?9k he w f9d ?is quality is dep5d5t m ^u ! wea!r & ! v>iety ?an ^u ! f]tiliz]4 ,( c\rse1 ov]-/imulation by hot manures w always produce an un:olesome1 p]i%able gr[?1 b a good coat ( well-rott$ compo/ scatt]$ d[n ! r[s1 j be=e !y receive _! fall or spr+ culture1 w\ld be exce$+ly b5eficial 9 n9e cases out ( t54 ,i mo/ he>tily agree ) him1 h[ev]1 t all f]tiliz]s conta9+ pota% are peculi>ly adapt$ to ! /rawb]ry4 ,hav+ consid]$ 8 me?ods ( plant+ & culture1 we n[ return aga9 to ! culm9at+ p]iod 9 :i* ! hopes & labors ( ! ye> are rew>d$ or disappo9t$4 ,:5 we awoke ! morn+ foll[+ our arrival1 we f\nd ! l&scape obscur$ by a d5se fog4 ,?r\gh ?is1 9 dim1 unc]ta9 outl9e1 ?rongs ( pick]s 7 /ream+ out f ! city to ,mr4 ,"y's place & ! /rawb]ry f>ms beyond4 ,! broad fields seem$ all ! m va/ f ! obscurity1 & ! /oop+ =ms ( ! fruit-ga!r]s took on odd & fanta/ic %apes 9 ! silv]y mi/4 ,b :ile we drank our c(fee ! sun sipp$ ^! morn+ vapors1 & :5 we /epp$ out "u ! p9es1 ! day 0 h\rly gr[+ bright] & w>m]4 ,! balmy1 fragrant air1 ! mead[ l>ks s++ 9 ! di/ance1 ! *e]y voices ( ! pick]s 9 an adjac5t field1 w\ld tempt gloom itself to =get its c>e & /roll away ?r\gh ! sunlight4 ,! pick]s 7 beg9n+ to take possession ( a field conta9+ ?irty acres ( ,triomphe de ,g&s1 & we foll[$ !m1 & !re light$ on "o ( ! odde/ *>act]s on ! plantation--,sam ,jubilee1 ! r[-man1 black z night1 %ort1 /\t1 & pr(ane4 ,x is ,sam's bus9ess to give ea* pick] a r[ ( b]ries1 & he c>ries a brass-head$ cane z ! baton ( au?ority4 ,z we came up1 he 0 :irl+ a glaz$ hat ( port5t\s size 9 "o h& & ge/iculat+ s wildly ) 8 cane t "o might ?9k he 0 9 convulsions ( rage1 b we soon le>n$ t ?is 0 8 way4 ,heah1 y1 dah6 he vocif]at$1 to ! sl\*+1 leisurely pick]s t 7 drift+ aft] him1 :at's de matt] wid y] j'ints8 ,/ep along lively1 or by-- & !n came a volley ( ! mo/ outl&i% oa?s ev] utt]$ by a human tongue4 ,don't swe> s1 ,sam1 said ,mr4 ,"y4 ,c't help x1 sah4 ,dey makes me sw>4 ,feels z if ,i c\ld bu/ int] t5 ?\s& empt9s1 dey's s ag]wat94 ,heah1 my si/]1 take dat r[4 ,y1 geml9 7to a :ite man71 take dat4 ,heah1 *ile1 /ep 9 d> an' pick "r sm>t1 or ,i'll w>m y]6 ,sam bro!rs & si/]s ! motley cr[d he dom9e]s l a color$ prea*]1 b ,i fe> he is n 9 good & regul> /&+ 9 any *ur* 9 ,norfolk4 ,he c give out r[s m rapidly & sy/ematically ?an any man ,i ev] _h1 said ,mr4 ,"y2 & we soon obs]v$ t :]ev] ,jubilee l$1 ) 8 /5torian voice & emphatic ge/ures1 !re 0 life & movem5t4 ,?us we le>n$ t al?\gh !re might be #a1ejj p 9 ! fields1 !re 0 no haphaz>d pick+4 ,ea* "o w\ld be assign$ a r[1 :i* c\ld n be left until all ! ripe b]ries on x 7 ga!r$4 ,pass+ to & fro across ! fields are ! two *ief ov]se]s ( ! f>m1 ,h>rison & ,pet]s1 bo? app>5tly full-blood$ negroes1 b 9 ! v]nacul> ( ! ,s\?1 "r sm>t m54 ,!y h be5 ) ,mr4 ,"y eight or t5 ye>s1 & 7 promot$ & ma9ta9 _! position solely on ! gr\nd ( ability & fai?fulness4 ,!y g rapidly f "o to ano!r1 not+ :e!r !y are pick+ ! r[s clean4 ,!y also take f ea* tray a basket at r&om1 & empty x into ano!r1 ?us discov]+ :o are ga!r+ gre5 or imp]fect b]ries4 ,if ! fruit falls mu* bel[ ! accept$ /&>d1 ! baskets are confiscat$ & no tickets giv5 = !m1 & if ! pick] cont9ues c>eless he is s5t out ( ! field4 ,mr4 ,"y says t he has nev] f\nd any :ite ov]se]s :o c\ld equal ^! m52 & ?r\gh ! long ye> !y drive on ! "w ) tireless en]gy4 ,inde$1 ,pet]s (t5 has mu* ado to keep 8 en]gy "u control4 ,a p[]ful eng9e _c always be safe1 & ,pet]s slipp$ 8 b&s "o day to 8 co/4 ,a woman w\ld n obey him1 & he ?reat5$ h] ) a pi/ol4 ,in/ead ( obey+1 %e />t$ to run4 ,he fir$ & w\nd$ h] twice1 & !n tri$ to get (f on ! lame excuse t he did n "k ! pi/ol 0 load$4 ,! tr\ble 0 t he 0 ov]load$4 ,b 8 (f5ce result$ m f ^! *>act]i/ics ?an f innate ugl9ess ( temp]4 ,to make ! bus9ess ( ! huge f>m g has become 8 controll+ passion2 & he *afes at an ob/acle l an ob/ruct$ torr5t4 ,h>rison1 8 associate ov]se]1 unites m discretion ) 8 =ce1 & he gave u an example ( ?is fact4 ,z we 7 /roll+ ab\t1 we f\nd1 seat$ at ! end ( ! /rawb]ry r[s1 a gr\p consi/+ ( two "y wom5 & two *ildr51 ) a color$ man /&+ ne>4 ,!y _h be5 pick+ 9 p>tn]%ip1 we 7 in=m$ by "o ( ! "y wom51 :o 0 smok+ a pipe1 & :o repli$ to our que/ions1 sc>cely tak+ ! tr\ble to look up4 ,%e 0 ab\t half :ite1 & h] face 0 s+ul>ly expressive ( s5su\sness & indol5t recklessness4 ,?is man is y\r husb&8 ,i sugge/$4 ,no1 he's only my brudd]4 ,my ole man is pick9' on anod] f>m1 %e drawl$ out1 betwe5 ! :iffs ( h] pipe4 ,i %\ld ?9k y & y\r husb& w\ld "w toge!r1 ,i v5tur$4 ,we doesn't4 ,he goes ab\t 8 bus9ess & ,i goes ab\t m9e1 %e rem>k$1 ) languid complac5cy4 ,"h is a "*1 ,i ?\ght1 z we pass$ on--! v embodim5t ( a c]ta9 k9d ( wilfulness4 ,%e w\ld n resi/ or *afe at au?ority1 b1 ) an easy1 good-natur$1 don't-c>e expression1 w\ld d z %e pleas$1 ?\gh ! heav5s fell4 ,a little lat] !re 0 a heavy rumble ( ?und] 9 ! we/1 & we met aga9 ! "y woman ^: m>ital relations resembl$ ^? ( _m ( h] fa%ionable si/]s at ! ,nor?4 ,%e 0 lead+ h] small b& f ! field4 ,! prospective %[] 0 h] excuse = go+1 b laz9ess ! und\bt$ cause4 ,h>rison1 l a vigilant wat*-dog1 spi$ !m & blu/]$ up1 nev] = a mom5t d\bt+ t %e w\ld yield to 8 au?ority4 ,b he _h met 8 mat*4 ,%e m]ely look$ at him ) h] sl[1 quiet1 indol5t smile1 9 :i* !re 0 n ! fa9te/ trace ( irresolution or fe>1 & he knew t ! mom5t he /epp$ out ( ! way1 %e w\ld pass on4 ,8 l\d expo/ulations & ?reats soon ceas$4 ,:at c\ld he d ) t laugh+ woman1 :o no d\bt _h be5 a slave1 b 0 n[ emancipat$ a trifle too completely8 ,he might z well try to /op a sluggi% tide ) 8 h&s4 ,x w\ld ooze away f him inevitably4 ,! in/9cts ( ?is p are quick4 ,h>rison knew he 0 defeat$1 & 8 only anxiety n[ 0 to retreat 9 a way t w\ld save appe>ances4 ,i'se a-gw9e home1 ,m's'r ,h>rison1 %e said quietly4 ,y don't cat* u gitt9' wet ag'94 ,oh1 well1 if y is 'fraid ob gitt9' wet1 s'pose ,i'll habe to let y (f jus' dis once1 he began1 pomp\sly2 & "h1 =tunately1 he saw a man leav+ ! field 9 ! di/ance4 ,!re 0 a subject ) :i* he c\ld deal1 & a l9e ( retreat op5 at ! same "t2 & away he w5t1 !re=e1 vocif]at+ all ! m l\dly t he might cov] 8 discomfiture4 ,! woman smil$ a little m complac5tly & w5t on1 ) h] old easy1 don't-c>e sw+1 z %e und\bt$ly w1 :i!rsoev] h] incl9ations lead1 to ! end ( h] life4 ,to cry/allize su* wayw>d1 human atoms into prop] =ms1 & make !m useful1 is a problem t w\ld puzzle wis] heads ?an t ( ! ov]se]4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t n only ,h>rison & ,pet]s1 b all :o h *>ge ( work+ p1 rely too mu* on driv+1 & too little on enc\rag+ & coax+4 ,an incid5t :i* occurr$ may illu/rate ?is tru?4 ,my companion1 ,mr4 ,drake1 soon ma/]$ "o ( ! labors ( a /rawb]ry f>m--! ga!r+ ( ! fruit--& out ( ! pl5itude ( 8 b5evol5ce essay$ to tea* a little sable h[ he c\ld pick to bett] advantage4 ,put y\r basket d[n1 sonny1 he said4 ,n[ y h two h&s to "w ) in/ead ( "o--s1 don't y see8 ,dat's mighty good 9 y1 ,mas'r1 said a woman ne>4 ,lor bress y6 de p 'ud jess jump ov] d]selves try9' to d ! "w if dey got si* good words1 b de ob]se]'s s cross dat we gits 'umptu\s & don't ke]4 ,/ill1 to ! majority1 ! /rawb]ry season br+s ! halcyon days ( ! ye>4 ,!y look =w>d to x & enjoy x z a prolong$ picnic1 9 :i* bus9ess & pleasure are equally comb9$4 ,!y are ess5tially greg>i\s1 & ?is indu/ry br+s _m toge!r dur+ ! long bright days4 ,! light "w leaves _! tongues free1 & families & neighbors pick toge!r ) a ceaseless *att]1 a runn+ fire ( rude1 broad pleasantry1 int]m+l$ occasionally ) a w9dy w> ( words 9 a j>gon t becomes all ! m unc\? f ang]1 b :i* r>ely ends 9 bl[s4 ,we 7 cont9ually impress$ by _! c\rage1 buoyancy1 animal spirits1 or :atev] x is t enables !m to face _! unc]ta9 future s unconc]n$ly4 ,multitudes live l ! birds1 n kn[+ :]e _! next ye>'s ne/ w be1 or h[ to-morr['s food w come4 ,x has come1 ?us f>1 & ?is fact seems en\gh4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 _! humble =tunes are built on ! v be/ f\ndations4 ,:at c y d aft] ! b]ry season is ov]8 we ask$ a woman :o _h b "o arm4 ,i k9 d :at any o!r woman k9 d1 %e said1 /raight5+ h]self up4 ,i k9 bake1 cook1 wa%1 iron1 scrub-- ,t w d1 ,i cri$4 ,y are bett] (f ?an mo/ ( u1 = ! _w w always ne$ & pay = y\r accompli%m5ts4 ,! /ory ( h] life 0 a simple "o4 ,%e did n rememb] :5 %e lo/ h] arm1 b only knew t x _h be5 burn$ (f4 ,:5 sc>cely m ?an an infant1 %e _h be5 left alone 9 ! little cab9 by ! slave "m1 :o probably 0 toil+ 9 ! tobacco field4 ,!re 0 a fire on ! he>?--! re/ c be imag9$ only too vividly4 ,%e is fight+ out ! battle ( life1 h[ev]1 m successfully ) h] "o h& ?an are multitudes ( m5 ) two4 ,%e is /\t & *e]y1 & c take ke] ( h]self & *ildr51 %e said4 ,scatt]$ "h & !re ov] ! fields might be se5 two heads t w\ld keep 9 r close juxtaposition up & d[n ! long r[s4 ,dey's pair9' (f1 0 ! explanation4 ,y keep de tickets1 said a buxom "y woman to h] mate1 z he 0 ab\t to take h] tray1 z well z 8 own1 to ! buy]s4 ,y are 9 p>tn]%ip1 ,i rem>k$4 ,yes1 we is1 %e repli$1 ) a consci\s laugh4 ,y are relat$1 ,i suppose8 ,well1 n 'zackly--dat is--we's p>tn]s4 ,h[ ab\t ?is p>tn]%ip bus9ess--does x n la/ sometimes aft] ! /rawb]ry season is ov]8 ,oh1 ,lor' yes6 ,heaps on 'em gits fall5 9 love2 d5 dey gits a-m>ry9' art] de pick9' "t is done gone by4 ,n[ ,i see :at y\r p>tn]%ip means4 ,yah1 yah1 yah6 ,y sees a heap m dan ,i's told y6 ,b h] p>tn] gr9n$ mo/ approv+ly4 ,we 7 aft]w>d in=m$ t !re 0 no end to ! love-mak+ among ! /rawb]ry r[s4 ,!re are f fifty to "o hundr$ & fifty pick]s 9 a squad1 & ^! are 9 *>ge ( subord9ate ov]se]s1 :o are cont9ually mov+ ar\nd among !m1 on ! wat* = del9qu5cies ( all k9ds4 ,"s ( ^! m9or pot5tates are :ite & "s black4 ,z a rule1 ,mr4 ,"y gives ! blacks ! pref]5ce & on /rictly bus9ess pr9ciples1 too4 ,! color$ m5 h m snap1 & c get m "w out ( _! own p1 he says4 ,by means ( ^! sub-ov]se]s1 l>ge numb]s c be transf]r$ f "o "p ( ! f>m to ano!r )\t confusion4 ,=tunes are nev] made 9 ga!r+ /rawb]ries1 & yet !re seems no de>? ( pick]s4 ,! multitude ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 t /reams out into ! c\ntry e morn+ is surpris+ly l>ge4 ,five or six ?\s& bu%els a day are (t5 ga!r$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,norfolk1 & ! pick]s r>ely av]age ov] a bu%el ea*4 ,"r sm>t h&s1 :o h ! good hap to be giv5 full r[s1 w occasionally pick two bu%els2 b ab\t ?irty qu>ts p] day is ! usual am\nt1 :ile n a few ( ! lazy & feeble br+ 9 only eight or t54 ,z has be5 already sugge/$1 ! pick]s are foll[$ by ! buy]s & pack]s1 & to ^! m51 at c5tral po9ts 9 ! fields1 ! mule-c>ts br+ empty crates4 ,! pick]s c>ry little trays conta9+ six baskets1 ea* hold+ a qu>t4 ,z fa/ z !y fill ^!1 !y flock 9 to ! buy]s4 ,if a trayful1 or six good qu>ts1 are (f]$1 ! buy] gives ! pick] a yell[ ticket1 wor? twelve c5ts4 ,:5 less ?an six baskets are br\ght1 ea* basket is paid = ) a gre5 ticket1 wor? two c5ts4 ,^! two tickets are ev5tually ex*ang$ = a :ite fifty-c5t ticket1 :i* is ca%$ at ! pay+-boo? aft] ! day's "w is ov]4 ,! pick]s1 !re=e1 receive two c5ts = e qu>t ( good1 salable b]ries4 ,if gre51 muddy1 or decay$ b]ries are br\ght 91 !y are ?r[n away or confiscat$1 & incorrigibly c>eless pick]s are driv5 (f ! place4 ,e morn+ ! buy]s take out z _m tickets ( ^! ?ree values z !y ?9k !y c use1 & are *>g$ ) ! same by ! book-keep]4 ,_! v\*] = all !y pay out is ano!r ticket1 on :i* is pr9t$ =ty-five qu>ts1 or j a crateful4 ,only ,mr4 ,"y & "o o!r p]son h a "r to give out ! la/-nam$ tickets1 & by night ea* buy] mu/ h en\gh ( !m to balance ! o!r tickets ) :i* he 0 *>g$ 9 ! morn+4 ,?us ?\s&s ( doll>s *ange h&s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( f\r k9ds ( tickets n ov] an in*1 squ>e1 & by means ( !m ! f9ancial "p ( ga!r+ ! crop is manag$4 ,9 previ\s ye>s ^! tickets 7 receiv$ ! same z money by any ( ! %ops 9 ! city1 & on "o occasion 7 c\nt]feit$4 ,mr4 ,"y n[ has 8 own pr9t+-(fice1 & gets !m up 9 a way n easily imitat$1 nor does he issue !m until j z ! fruit beg9s to rip54 ,he has1 moreov]1 giv5 au?ority to "o man only to ca% ^! tickets4 ,?us !re is little *ance = rascality4 ,he also requires t no ticket %all be ca%$ until ! fields h all be5 pick$ ov]4 ,7 x n = ?is regulation1 ! lazy & ! bumm]s w\ld e>n en\gh m]ely to buy a few dr9ks1 !n sl9k (f4 ,n[ !y mu/ rema9 until all are ?r\gh be=e !y c get a c5t4 ,pet]s & ,h>rison see to x t none are ly+ ar\nd 9 ! %ade1 & ?us1 ?r\gh ! compulsion ( sy/em1 _m1 no d\bt1 are surpris$ to f9d !mselves at "w = ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,& yet nei!r sy/em nor ,pet]s1 ) ev5 8 sangu9>y reputation1 is able alone to control ! hordes employ$4 ,( c\rse ! v dregs ( ! population are l>gely repres5t$4 ,_m g out on a l>k1 n a few to /eal1 & "s ) ! base/ purposes4 ,walk+ cont9ually back & =? ?r\gh ! fields1 !re=e1 are two duly au?oriz$ con/ables & _! pres5ce only prev5ts a great deal ( crime4 ,moreov]1 accord+ to ,virg9ian law1 e l&hold] has ! "r to arre/ ?ieves & trespass]s4 ,up to ! "t ( our visit1 five p]sons _h be5 arre/$1 & ! fact t !y 7 all :ite does n speak v well = our color4 ,! law ( ! /ate requires t !y %all be puni%$ by s _m la%es1 accord+ to ! gravity ( ! (f5ce1 & by imprisonm5t4 ,! :ipp+-po/ is "o ( ! in/itutions1 & man or woman1 :ite or black1 aga9/ :om ! crime ( /eal+ is prov$1 is /ripp$ to ! wai/ & la%$ ^u ! b>e back4 ,su* ignom9i\s puni%m5t may prev5t !ft1 b x mu/ t5d to de/roy e ve/ige ( self-respect & pride 9 crim9als1 & r5d] !m hopelessly reckless4 ,!re=e1 x %\ld cease at once4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t v little lawlessness 0 app>5t4 ,9 no in/ance h ,i receiv$ a rude ^w :ile travell+ 9 ! ,s\?1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! c\rtesy & k9dness 7 almo/ un/9t$4 ,! negroes ab\t ,norfolk c]ta9ly d n we> an intimidat$ or bull-doz$ air4 ,git (f my r[1 d>1 or ,i'll bu/ yo' head op51 %\t$ a tall1 /rapp+ color$ girl to a :ite man1 & he got (f h] r[ ) alacrity4 ,mr4 ,"y says t ! negro labor]s are easily manag$1 & w endure a great deal ( sev]ity if y deal squ>ely ) !m2 b if y wrong !m out ( ev5 five c5ts1 !y w nev] =get x4 ,:at's m1 e citiz5 ( ,blackville w be in=m$ ( ! fact1 = :at "o kn[s !y all seem to "k v soon4 ,we 7 n long 9 le>n+ to reg>d ! /rawb]ry f>m z a little _w )9 itself4 ,x w\ld be difficult to make ! read] und]/& its life & g at c]ta9 h\rs ( ! day4 ,scores are com+ & go+2 hundr$s dot ! fields2 c>ts pil$ up ) crates are mov+ hi!r & ?i!r4 ,at ! same "t ! regul> toil ( cultivation is ma9ta9$4 ,back & =? betwe5 ! "y plants mules are draw+ cultivators1 & foll[+ ^! come a score or two wom5 ) light1 %>p hoes4 ,f ! great crate manufactory is he>d ! :ir ( ma*9]y & ! click ( hamm]s2 at int]vals ! smi?y s5ds =? its metallic voice1 :ile f "o c5tre ( toil & int]e/ to ano!r ! proprietor :isks 9 8 op5 buggy at a spe$ t (t5 seems p]il\s4 ,aft] all1 ,mr4 ,"y's mo/ effici5t aid 9 8 bus9ess 0 8 fa!r 7rec5tly deceas$74 ,x gave me pleasure to note ! frequ5cy & def]5ce ) :i* ! s5ior's judgm5t wa consult$1 & ,i also obs]v$ t :]ev] ! old g5tleman's umbrella 0 se5 9 ! field1 all w5t well4 ,at f\r or five 9 ! aft]noon1 ! :ole area w\ld be pick$ ov]4 ,! fields w\ld be left to mead[-l>ks & quails1 ^: liquid notes well replac$ ! songs & cries ( ! pick]s4 ,"h & !re a mule-c>t w\ld come /raggl+ 94 ,by night1 all signs ( life 7 conc5trat$ ar\nd ! b>ns & pay+ boo?2 b ev5 f ^! "o aft] ano!r w\ld drift away to ! city1 till at la/ sc>cely a ve/ige ( ! hurry & bus9ess ( ! day w\ld be left4 ,! deep hu% & quiet t settl$ d[n on ! sc5e 0 all ! m delightful f contra/4 ,to li/5 to ! ev5+ w9d among ! p9es1 to wat* ! sun drop bel[ ! spires ( ,norfolk1 & see ! long %ad[s creep t[>d u2 to let our ?\ghts flit :i!r !y w\ld1 l ! birds ab\t u1 0 all ! occupation we crav$ at ?is h\r4 ,7 we y\ng] & m romantic1 we might select ?is wit*+ "t = a visit to an anci5t grave 9 "o ( ! /rawb]ry fields4 ,a mossy1 horizontal slab m>ks ! spot1 & b5ea? x reposes ! du/ ( a "y ,engli% (fic]4 ,"o bright ,june day--s ! leg5d is told--"o hundr$ & sixte5 ye>s ago1 ?is man1 9 ! e>ly summ] ( 8 life1 0 kill$ 9 a duel4 ,l+]+ "h1 ?r\gh ! twilight1 until ! l&scape gr[s z obscure z ?is ra% y\?'s hi/ory1 :at fancies "s might weave4 ,z ! cause ( ! trag$y1 "o w\ld sc>cely fail to see among ! %ad[s ! dim =m & features ( "s old-"t belle1 ^: smiles _h k9dl$ ! fi]ce passion t 0 "h qu5*$1 m ?an a c5tury s9ce4 ,did %e m>ry ! rival1 ( sur] aim & cool] head & he>t1 or did %e haunt ?is place ) regretful te>s8 ,did %e become a /\t1 prosaic woman1 & end h] days 9 :i/ & all ! anci5t proprieties1 or fade into a remorseful wrai? t /ill haunts h] un=tunate lov]'s grave8 ,"o %iv]s1 & gr[s sup]/iti\s4 ,! light tw9kl+ f ! w9d[s ( ! cottage "u ! p9es becomes v attractive4 ,z we fall asleep aft] su* a visit1 we l to ?9k ( ! mead[-l>ks s++ on ! mossy tomb/one 9 ! morn+4 ,d>+ a ra9y day1 :5 driv5 f ! field1 we f\nd pl5ty to int]e/ u 9 ! pr9t+-(fice1 smi?y1 & especially 9 ! huge crate manufactory4 ,"h 7 pil$ up coils ( baskets t sugge/$ /rawb]ries = a million supp]-tables4 ,h\r aft] h\r ! mule-p[] eng9e drove saws1 ) tee? %>p] ?an ^? ( "t1 ?r\gh ! p9e bo>ds t soon became crates = ! r\nd qu>t baskets4 ,^! crates 7 pa9t$ gre51 m>k$ ) ,mr4 ,"y's "n1 & pil$ to ! l(ty1 cobwebb$ ceil+4 ,b ,saturday is ! culm9at+ p]iod ( ! week4 ,! huge plantation has be5 gone ov] closely & c>efully1 = ! morr[ is ,sunday1 on :i* day ! birds are ! only pick]s4 ,ar\nd ! (fice1 crate manufactory1 & pay+ boo? 7 ga!r$ ov] a ?\s& p--a motley & v>iegat$ cr[d1 t ! ,s\? only c produce4 ,! odd & (t5 co>se j>gon1 ! inf9ite v>iety 9 appe>ance & "*1 sugge/$ aga9 t humanity is a v tangl$ problem4 ,! %rewdness & accuracy1 h[ev]1 ) :i* ! mo/ ignorant c\nt _! tickets & reckon _! dues on _! f+]s1 is a trait *>act]i/ic ( all1 &1 hav+ receiv$ ! few %ill+s1 :i* mean a luxuri\s ,sunday1 !y trudge (f to t[n1 *att]+ volubly1 :e!r any "o li/5s or n4 ,b _m c n resi/ ! rollick+ music back ( ! pay+ boo?4 ,?ree sable musicians =m ! or*e/ra1 & f a bass viol1 fiddle & fife !y extract melody t1 ) all its %ort-com+1 w\ld make a deacon wi% to dance4 ,any "o1 :ite or black1 c pur*ase ! privilege ( keep+ /ep to ! music = two c5ts1 or "o /rawb]ry ticket4 ,bus9ess 0 sup]b1 & e %ade ( color & "* 0 repres5t$4 ,9 ! v]nacul> ( ! f>m1 ! mulatto girls are call$ /rawb]ry blondes1 & "o t w\ld h attract$ att5tion any:]e 0 l$ out by a droll1 full-blood$ negro1 :o w\ld h made ! =tune ( a m9/rel tr\pe4 ,%e 0 tall & will[y4 ,a pr(usion ( d>k hair curl$ ab\t an oval face1 n too d>k to prev5t a fa9t color ( ! /rawb]ry f gl[+ 9 h] *eeks4 ,%e wore nei!r hat nor %oes1 b 0 z unemb>rass$1 app>5tly1 9 h] "o close-fitt+ g>m5t1 z c\ld be any ballroom belle dress$ 9 ! late/ mode4 ,ano!r blonde1 :o sport$ torn slipp]s & :ite /ock+s1 0 9 dang] ( be+ spoil$ by mu* att5tion4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 b>e feet 7 no?+ aga9/ a lady 9 ! e/imation ( ! "y m54 ,at any rate1 all :o c\ld sp>e a b]ry ticket spe$ily f\nd a p>tn]1 &1 z we rode away f ! f>m1 ! la/ s\nds 7 ^? ( music & m]rim5t1 & our la/ glimpse 0 ( ! ?rong ( danc]s on ! gre54 ,! confus$ upro> & ru% ( bus9ess ar\nd ! ,old ,dom9ion /eam%ip made a m>k$ contra/4 ,to ! ample :>ves e species ( vehicle _h be5 com+ all day1 :ile all k9ds ( craft1 f a skiff to a l>ge two-ma/$ s*oon]1 wait+ _! turn to dis*>ge _! freight ( b]ry crates & g>d5 produce1 rea*$ half across ! ,elizabe? riv]4 ,! rumble ( ! trucks 0 almo/ l ! ro> ( ?und]1 z scores ( negroes hu/l$ crates1 b>rels & boxes abo>d4 ,mo/ ( ! "t !y 7 on a good r\nd trot1 & "o _h to pick 8 way ) c>e2 =1 app>5tly1 ! truck 0 z ?\ghtful z ! trundl]4 ,z ! long twilight fades utt]ly into night1 ! la/ crate is abo>d4 ,! dusky =ms ( ! /ev$ores are se5 9 an old pontoon-%ap$ boat on _! way to ,portsm\?1 b _! outl9es1 & ! melody ( _! rude song1 are soon lo/ 9 ! di/ance4 ,! %ip1 t has become l a huge section ( ,wa%+ton ,m>ket1 ca/s (f h] l9es1 & away we /eam1 diffus+ on ! night air ! fragrance ( a ?\s& acres1 m or less1 ( /rawb]ries4 ,x 0 late 9 ! night t foll[$ ! next day be=e we rea*$ ,new ,york1 b on ! great cov]$ :>f1 to :i* 0 giv5 a noonday gl>e by electric light1 !re 0 no sugge/ion ( ! d>kness & ra9 )\t4 ,v>i\s numb]s1 prom95t on ! sides ( ! build+1 indicat$ ! l9es ( transit & ! commission h\ses to :i* ! imm5se1 indiscrim9ate c>go 0 assign$4 ,) a heavy j> & rumble t w\ld n cease till ! %ip 0 empty1 a ?rong ( :ite labor]s :eel ea* package to its prop] place4 ,mr4 ,"y's crates soon grew into :at seem$1 9 ! di/ance1 a good-siz$ m\nd4 ,! numb] above !m /ood = ,eldridge ,c>p5t]1 ,we/ ,wa%+ton ,m>ket4 ,?i!r we foll[$ !m ! next morn+1 b f\nd t ! mo/ ( !m _h already be5 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! city1 & realiz$ t ! b]ries we _h se5 a few h\rs be=e on ! /rawb]ry f>m 7 ev5 !n on upt[n breakfa/-tables4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,=c+ ,,/rawb]ries ,,"u ,,glass ,tra9$ g>d5]s ne$ no in/ruction f me on ?is topic4 ,!re may be ^?1 h[ev]1 :o h nev] giv5 ! subject att5tion1 & :o w\ld be glad to le>n "s ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( success 9 =c+ ?is fruit = m>ket2 :ile a /ill l>g] numb]1 hav+ small cons]vatories & w>m s\? w9d[s1 w\ld be pleas$ to see a few /rawb]ries blossom+ & rip5+1 z an e>ne/ ( ! com+ ,june4 ,!re are no great] difficulties 9 ! way ?an 9 hav+ fl[]s1 = x is m]ely a "q ( do+ ! "r ?+ at ! "r "t4 ,i d n believe 9 a sy/em ( m9ute1 arbitr>y directions1 s mu* z 9 ! cle> /atem5t ( a few g5]al pr9ciples t w sugge/ :at ought to be done4 ,! /rawb]ry plant has ! same "* indoors z out1 & ?is fact alone1 9 view ( :at has be5 writt51 %\ld sugge/ moi/ure1 coolness1 light1 & air4 ,i %all endeavor to pres5t1 h[ev]1 ea* successive /ep4 ,fir/1 prep>e a compo/ ( ?or\ghly rott$ sods & ! clean+s ( ! c[-/able1 9 ! proportion ( ?ree p>ts sod-m\ld to "o ( manure4 ,9 ! place ( sods1 decay$ leaves1 muck1 sweet5$ by a ye>'s exposure to air & fro/1 or any good1 ri* loam w answ]4 ,) ?is compo/1 made f9e & clean by pass+ x ?r\gh a co>se sieve1 fill 9 ,june1 & n lat] ?an ,july1 z _m ?ree-in* pots z y desire2 !n s9k !m to _! rims along ! sides ( ! r[s f :i* y propose to obta9 w9t]-be>+ plants4 ,v>ieties be/ adapt$ = =c+ are ^? ( a l[1 /ocky gr[?1 be>+ p]fect fl[]s & sweet or high-flavor$ b]ries4 ,i %\ld say ! ,triomphe de ,g& 0 ! be/1 & ,i obs]ve t x & ! ,la ,con/ante1 :i* x closely resembles1 are highly recomm5d$ abroad4 ,! bu% ,alp9es are said to d f9ely1 & ,i %\ld ?9k ! ,black ,defiance w\ld answ] well4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son speaks highly ( ! ,*ampion1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be gr[n ) a p]fect-fl[]$ k9d1 s9ce x is a pi/illate4 ,f ! p>5t r[1 guide ! fir/ runn]s s t !y w take root 9 ! pots4 ,let ea* runn] =m b a s+le1 /rong plant1 :i* x w d 9 ab\t two weeks1 fill+ ! pot ) roots4 ,!n ^! plants1 ) _! accompany+ balls ( e>? int]lac$ ) roots1 are ready to be %ift$ into pots ( f six to eight in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* also %\ld be fill$ ) ! compo/ already describ$4 ,^! l>g] pots %\ld h ?ree or f\r pieces ( brok5 pott]y 9 ! bottom = dra9age4 ,"o plant to ea* pot is suffici5t1 & ! soil %\ld be press$ firmly ab\t ! roots4 ,! me?ods ( gr[]s n[ diff] some:at1 b all agree 9 seek+ to promote a cont9u\s & heal?y gr[?4 ,x may be necess>y to place ! pots 9 a half-%ady position = a few days1 till ! effects ( %ift+ are ov]1 & ! roots h tak5 hold ( ! new soil4 ,!n !y %\ld /& 9 an op51 airy position1 close toge!r1 :]e !y c receive daily att5tion4 ,"s recomm5d t !y /& on bo>ds1 flagg+1 or bricks1 or a lay] ( coal a%es1 s9ce e>?-worms are ?us kept out2 o!rs s9k !m 9 cold frames1 :]e !y c be protect$ some:at f excessive heat & dr5*+ /orms2 :ile o!rs1 /ill1 s9k ! pots 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 :]e x is conv5i5t to c>e = & wat] !m4 ,x is obvi\s t moi/ure mu/ be /eadily & cont9u\sly ma9ta9$1 & ! plants be made to d _! be/ until ab\t ! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,aft] ?is1 !y %\ld be wat]$ v sp>+ly--b>ely kept moi/--s9ce x is n[ our aim to rip5 ! foliage & roots & induce a season ( re/4 ,at ! same "t1 !y %\ld n be p]mitt$ to dry out4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 an old hot-b$ pit c be fill$ ) dry leaves & ! pots plung$ 9 !m1 close toge!r1 up to _! rims1 &1 z ! season gr[s cold]1 ! tops c be cov]$1 s z to prev5t ! e>? 9 ! pots f freez+4 ,! top ( ! pit c be cov]$ ) bo>ds to keep out ! wet1 b n s tightly z to exclude ! air4 ,our aim is to keep ! plants dormant1 & yet a little above freez+1 & b>ely moi/ en\gh to prev5t ! slighte/ %rivell+4 ,s9ce x requires f t5 to f\rte5 weeks to mature ! fruit "u glass1 x w\ld be well to subject "s ( ! plants to heat e>ly 9 ,octob]1 s z to h ripe b]ries at ! holidays4 ,!y c !reaft] be tak5 f ! /orage place e two or ?ree weeks1 s z to secure a succession4 ,by ?is c\rse1 also1 if a mi%ap befalls "o lot ( plants1 !re /ill rema9 sev]al *ances = w9t] fruit4 ,9 ! =c+ process1 foll[ nature4 ,! plants d n />t sudd5ly 9 spr+1 b gradually awak5 into life4 ,! wea!r1 also1 is comp>atively cool :5 !y are blossom+4 ,if ^! h9ts are n tak5 9 ! gre5-h\se1 !re may be mu* promise b little fruit4 ,if ! heat is turn$ on too rapidly :5 ! plants beg9 to bloom1 ! calyx & corolla w probably develop prop]ly1 b ! /am5s w be de/itute ( poll51 :ile ! pi/ils1 ! mo/ complicat$ "p ( ! fl[]1 & t :i* requires ! longe/ "t = p]fect =mation1 become a m]e tuft ( abortions1 incapable ( quick5+1 & %rivell+ into pit*-black ?reads z soon z fully 9 contact ) ! air4 ,let ! conditions )9-doors accord z f> z possible ) ^? "u ! op5 sky4 ,! roots require coolness1 cont9u\s & ev5ly ma9ta9$ moi/ure4 ,"o *eck f ov]-dryness may cause s]i\s & la/+ injury4 ,! foliage ne$s air & light 9 abundance4 ,!re=e ! pots %\ld be on %elves close to ! glass2 o!rwise ! leaf & fruit /alks w be drawn & sp9dl+4 ,if ! pot c be %ad$ :ile ! plant is 9 full light1 all ! bett]4 ,:5 fir/ introduc$1 ! temp]ature %\ld n exce$ #de degrees or #ej degrees4 ,air mu/ be freely admitt$ at all times1 ?\gh mu* less w suffice1 ( c\rse1 9 cold ?an 9 w>m wea!r4 ,wat* ! foliage1 & if x beg9s to gr[ long & )\t sub/ance1 give m air & less heat4 ,an av]age ( #ee degrees to #gj degrees by day may be all[$1 & f #de degrees to #ej degrees by night4 ,:5 ! fl[] buds beg9 to op51 ! =c+ mu/ be conduct$ m sl[ly & ev5ly1 s z to give ! delicate organs "t to p]fect2 b aft] ! fruit is set1 ! heat c be increas$ till x occasionally rea*es #ge degrees at midday4 ,aft] ! fruit beg9s to color1 give less wat]--b>ely suffici5t to prev5t any *eck 9 gr[?1 & ! fruit w be sweet] & rip5 fa/]4 ,! upp] blossoms may be p9*$ (f1 s z to ?r[ ! :ole /r5g? ( ! plant into ! l[] b]ries4 ,keep (f all runn]s2 syr+e ! plants if infe/$ ) ! r$ spid]1 & if ! aphis appe>s1 fumigate him ) tobacco4 ,! plants t h fruit$ ne$ n be ?r[n away z useless4 ,if !y are turn$ out ( ! pots into ri*1 moi/ soil1 9 ,april1 & ! runn]s are kept (f all summ]1 !y w make l>ge1 bu%y /ools1 :i* w give a f9e crop 9 autumn4 ,! amateur1 ) a small cons]vatory or s\? w9d[1 by approximat+ z f> z possible to ! conditions nam$1 c a*ieve a fair success4 ,i h _h plants d mod]ately well by m]ely digg+ !m f ! b$s late 9 ! fall1 ) consid]able ri* e>? cl++ to _! roots1 & !n pott+ ) m ri* soil1 & =c+ !m at once4 ,( c\rse1 f9e results _c be expect$ f su* c>eless "w1 b "s /rawb]ries c be rais$ ) v little tr\ble4 ,if "o1 h[ev]1 wi%$ to g into ! bus9ess on a l>ge & sci5tific scale1 ,i w\ld recomm5d a /raw b]ry-h\se1 design$ by ,mr4 ,william ,+ram1 g>d5] at ,belvoir ,ca/le4 ,a figure ( ! /ructure may be se5 on page #gd 9 ,mr4 ,full]'s valuable "w1 ,! ,small ,fruit ,culturi/4 ,on ! same pr9ciples t we h be5 describ+1 ! rip5+ ( /rawb]ries c be ha/5$ by ! use ( hot b$s1 cold frames1 & ord9>y sa%4 ,dur+ ! ,*ri/mas holidays /rawb]ries sell readily at f #d to #h p] qu>t1 & h&some fruit br+s high prices till ,m>*2 b ! pr(it ( rais+ !m "u glass ?reat5s to dim9i% 9 future ye>s1 s9ce ,florida b]ries beg9 to arrive freely ev5 9 ,febru>y4 ,!re are ^? :o n[ seem to be do+ well 9 ! bus9ess ( =c+1 if we may judge f ! jeal\sy ) :i* !y gu>d ! op5 secrets ( _! call+ f _! neighbors4 ,a r\gh & ready me?od ( =c+ is to dig up clumps ( plants dur+ a mild spell 9 w9t] or e>ly spr+1 put !m 9 boxes or pots ( ri* e>?1 & take !m into ! gre5-h\se4 ,consid]able fruit is sometimes rip5$ 9 ?is way4 ,an ,engli% writ] says3 ,we f9d =c$ /rawb]ries m5tion$ z be+ s]v$ at an in/allation d9n]1 ,april #bc;d1 #affg2 b ! idea _h already occurr$ to ! great ,"l ,bacon1 :o writes1 ',z we h h\s$ ! exotics ( hot c\ntries1 s we may h\se our natives to =w>d !m1 & ?us h violets1 /rawb]ries1 & pease all w9t]4' ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,orig9at+ ,,new ,,v>ieties--,,hybridization ,?is *apt] introduces u to great div]sities ( op9ion1 & to /ill great] diff]5ces 9 exp]i5ce2 & ,i fe> t ,i %all leave ! subject z indef9ite z ,i f9d x4 ,! sci5ti/ be/ v]s$ 9 botany & ! laws ( h]$ity c "h f9d a field t w\ld tax 8 be/ skill = a lifetime1 & yet a *ild may amuse himself ) rais+ new k9ds2 & x w\ld n be impossible t1 ?r\gh "s lucky comb9ation ( nature1 ! latt] might produce a v>iety t w\ld surpass ! results ( ! le>n$ man's labor4 ,z 9 mo/ o!r activities ( life1 h[ev]1 ! probabilities are on ! side ( skill & cont9u\s ef=t4 ,we h already %[n t all ! se$s ( ! ,f4 ,virg9iana & ,f4 ,*il5sis may produce a new v>iety4 ,^! se$l+s (t5 closely resemble ! p>5t or p>5ts1 & sometimes are practically id5tical ) "o ( !m2 m (t5 !y pres5t di/9ct diff]5ces4 ,x is :olly impossible to pr$ict ! "* ( se$l+s z !y usually are produc$4 ,if we c\ld obta9 pure specim5s ( ! two great species1 & cross !m1 ! elem5t ( *ance w\ld n ent] into ! result s l>gely z mu/ be ! case :5 se$ is ga!r$ 9 our g>d5s4 ,! p$igrees ( b few v>ieties are kn[n1 & 9 _m in/ances ! two great races are s m+l$ t we c only guess :i* elem5t pr$om9ates1 by ! behavior & appe>ance ( ! plants4 ,! k9ds ) :i* we />t are hybrids1 &1 z ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] sagaci\sly rem>ks1 ,hybridiz+1 or cross+ hybrids1 is only mix+ toge!r two comp\nds1 ! exact proportions ( nei!r be+ kn[n4 ,!re=e1 ! inevitable elem5t ( *ance4 ,disagreeable traits & %iftless ways ( /rawb]ry gr&p>5ts & great-gr&p>5ts may develop !mselves 9 a se$l+ produc$ by ! union ( two fir/-class v>ieties4 ,at ! same "t x is possible t f9e ance/ral qualities may also ass]t !mselves4 ,! *ance se$l+1 :i* comes up 9 a g>d5 :]e good v>ieties h be5 rais$1 may prove a prize4 ,! ,=e/ ,rose 0 f\nd gr[+ 9 a v9ey>d4 ,if we propose to raise se$l+s1 h[ev]1 we w1 ( c\rse1 select se$s f ! be/ fruit ( f9e v>ieties1 ev5 9 our fir/ & mo/ rudim5tal ef=ts4 ,be=e mak+ any s]i\s or prolong$ attempt to orig9ate new v>ieties1 x w\ld be well to famili>ize ourselves ) c]ta9 pr9ciples1 & ga!r exp]i5ce f ! successes & failures ( o!rs4 ,we h se5 t ! ,f4 ,virg9iana is ! native species ( ! ea/]n section ( our cont95t1 & t its vigor & h>d9ess be/ adapt x to our extremes ( climate4 ,x 7 be/ to />t1 !re=e1 ) ! mo/ vigor\s /ra9s & v>ieties ( ?is h>dy species4 ,x is true t f9e results c be obta9$ f cross+ v>ieties ( ! ,f4 ,*il5sis ) our native species--! ,presid5t ,wild] proves ?is--b few ( su* products are adapt$ to ! c\ntry at l>ge1 & !y w be almo/ sure to falt] on light soils4 ,we w a*ieve our be/ success 9 develop+ our native species4 ,by obs]vation1 c>eful read+ ( ! horticultural j\rnals1 & by correspond5ce1 ! propagator c le>n :at v>ieties %[ vigor & productiv5ess ?r\gh\t a wide range ( c\ntry1 & 9 great div]sities ( soil & climate4 ,^! /urdy k9ds1 t seem b5t on do+ well ev]y:]e1 %\ld be ! robu/ =efa!rs ( ! /rawb]ries ( ! future4 ,/>t+ ) ^!1 we are already well on ! way t[>d ! excell5ce we hope to atta94 ,! pi? ( our difficulty n[ is to make any fur!r advance4 ,h[ c we surpass t sup]b gr\p ( b]ries t prove _! excell5ce ye> aft] ye>8 ,z ,mr4 ,dur& well puts x1 new v>ieties1 to be ( value1 %\ld produce b]ries t measure f f\r to eight in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 ( good =m1 color & flavor2 v l>ge specim5s are n expect$ to be p]fect 9 =m1 yet ^? ( m$ium size %\ld always be4 ,! calyx %\ld nev] be imb$d$ 9 ! fle%1 :i* %\ld be suffici5tly firm to c>ry well1 & )/& all *anges ( our v>iable climate4 ,! texture %\ld be f9e1 fle% ri*1 ) a mod]ate am\nt ( acid--no m ?an j suffici5t to make x palatable ) sug> z a table b]ry4 ,! plant %\ld be h>dy1 vigor\s1 l>ge1 & /rong2 ( great endurance z to climatic *ange1 & able to /& any am\nt ( manure ( ! "r k9d4 ,x %\ld be a prolific be>]1 ) /alks ( suffici5t l5g? to keep ! fruit out ( ! dirt1 & be> its b]ries ( ne>ly uni=m size to ! end4 ,any s]i\s dep>ture f su* necess>y qualities w\ld be fatal to any new v>iety4 ,:at is ! use ( sp5d+ "t on v>ieties t d n possess ^! good qualities1 or _m ( !m1 s pre-em95tly t !y sup]s$e ^? already 9 our g>d5s8 ,%all ,i root out ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,se? ,boyd51 & ,mon>*1 & replace !m ) inf]ior k9ds because !y are new8 ,t is :at we h be5 do+ too ext5sively4 ,b if1 9 v tru?1 v>ieties c be orig9at$ t d surpass ! be/ we n[ h1 !n bo? common-s5se & self-int]e/ %\ld lead to _! g5]al cultivation4 ,i believe t hone/ & intellig5t ef=t c secure a cont9u$ advance 9 excell5ce :i* w probably be sl[1 b may be sure4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 w suff] _m disappo9tm5ts1 & e ye> w buy ?\s&s ( "s extravagantly prais$ & high-pric$ new v>iety1 9 hope ( obta9+ ! ideal /rawb]ry2 & !y s (t5 get a good ?+ among ! blanks t !y seem dispos$ to cont9ue indef9itely ?is mild =m ( speculation4 ,9 ! f9al result m]it ass]ts itself1 & !re is a survival ( ! fitte/4 ,! process ( w9n[+ ! :eat f ! *aff is a co/ly "o to _m1 h[ev]1 ,i h paid hundr$s ( doll>s = v>ieties t ,i n[ reg>d z little bett] ?an we$s4 ,f ?or\gh k ( ! be/ k9ds already 9 cultivation1 ! propagator %\ld n impose any second-rate k9d on ! public4 ,& yet ! public1 or ! law :i* ! public su/a9s1 r5d]s ?is duty difficult4 ,if a man inv5ts a peculi> nutmeg-grat]1 8 pat5t protects him2 b if he discov]s1 or orig9ates1 a fruit t enri*es ! _w1 any "o :o c get x1 by fair means or f\l1 may propagate & sell to all4 ,to reap any advantages1 ! orig9ator mu/ put 8 se$l+1 :i* may h co/ him ye>s ( ef=t1 into ! m>ket be=e x is fully & widely te/$4 ,if he s5ds x = trial to o!r localities1 !re is mu* dang] ( its fall+ into improp] h&s4 ,! v>iety may d spl5didly 9 its native g>d51 & yet n be adapt$ to g5]al cultivation4 ,?is fact1 :i* might h be5 le>n$ by trial ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry be=e be+ s5t out1 if !re 0 protective law1 is le>n$ aft]w>d1 to ! co/ ( ! majority :o buy4 ,9 view ( ! above consid]ations1 x is d\btful :e!r ! pecuni>y rew>d w (t5 repay = ! "t1 tr\ble1 & exp5se :i* is usually requir$ to produce a v>iety wor?y ( g5]al introduction4 ,o!r motives ?an money mu/ actuate4 ,z ,mr4 ,dur& once said1 :5 s p]plex$ by ! difficulties & complications ( 8 labor1 & s di%e>t5$ by ! results t he 0 incl9$ to ?r[ d[n ! burd51 ,!re is a fasc9ation t b9ds me /ill4 ,9 o!r words1 he 0 engag$ 9 "o ( ! div9e/ =ms ( al*emy4 ,hav+ procur$ ! vigor\s /ock f :i* we hope to obta9 /ill /rong] & m productive v>ieties1 we may g to "w sev]al ways4 ,we may plant our *oice v>ieties 9 close proximity1 & let ! bees & summ] gales d ! hybridiz+4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! organs ( procreation 9 ! p]fect /rawb]ry blossom are ! pi/ils on ! convex receptacle & ! encircl+ /am5s4 ,! an!rs ( ! latt] produce a gold5 p[d]1 s light t x w float on a summ] breeze1 & s f9e t insects du/ !mselves ) x & c>ry x long di/ances4 ,:5 ?is du/1 :i* is call$ poll51 comes 9 contact ) ! /igma ( a pi/il1 x imp>ts ! p[] ( developm5t bo? to ! se$ & t :i* su/a9s x--! receptacle :i* is ev5tually trans=m$ into ! juicy pulp4 ,if ! pi/ils are n f]tiliz$1 !re w be no /rawb]ries1 z well z no se$s4 ,p]fect-fl[]+ v>ieties1 !re=e1 are self-f]tiliz+4 ,!re are /am5s & pi/ils 9 ! same fl[]1 & ! poll5 f ! =m] impregnates ! latt]4 ,9 view ( ?is fact1 ! probabilities are all aga9/ success 9 obta9+ an improv$ v>iety4 ,:ile ! poll5 may pass f "o p]fect-fl[]+ k9d to ano!r1 & produce a se$ :i* w give a new comb9ation1 ! *ances ( self-f]tilization1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 ! se$s w produce deg5]ate & some:at v>y+ c\nt]p>ts ( ! p>5t1 are s great t x is a wa/e ( "t to plant !m4 ,!re is little to be hop$1 !re=e1 f ! se$ ( p]fect-fl[]+ k9ds left to nature's influ5ces4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 we h pi/illate v>ieties1 or ^? t are :olly de/itute ( /am5s4 ,mr4 ,full] says t1 = "s reason1 !y d n orig9ate abroad4 ,x is obvi\s t1 ) ^! pi/illates1 we c atta9 a direct cross ) "s /am9ate or p]fect-fl[]+ v>iety2 b if our pi/illates gr[ op5ly 9 ! g>d51 ne> sev]al /am9ates1 ! se$s s[n may h be5 f]tiliz$ by ! poore/ ( !m1 or by poll5 f wild /rawb]ries1 br\ght by ! w9d or insects4 ,x is all haphaz>d "w1 & we c only guess at ! p>5tage ( ! se$l+s4 ,!re is no skilful comb9ation ( good qualities1 su* z ! /ock f>m] makes :5 he m+les good blood4 ,ga!r+ ! se$1 !re=e1 9 our g>d5s1 ev5 "u ! mo/ favorable auspices1 is ! v]ie/ game ( haz>d1 ) ne>ly all ! *ances aga9/ u2 & yet sup]b v>ieties are occasionally procur$ 9 ?is way4 ,inde$1 z we h se51 !y sometimes come up !mselves1 & ass]t _! m]it :olly unaid$4 ,by su* me?ods1 h[ev]1 ! propagator has n "o *ance 9 ?\s&s1 z mu* exp]i5ce %[s4 ,we are1 !re=e1 l$ to isolate our plants1 & to seek intellig5tly & def9itely to unite ! good qualities ( two di/9ct v>ieties4 ,if !y h no pi/illate plants abroad1 !y mu/ remove all ! /am5s f "s p]fect fl[] be=e !y are suffici5tly develop$ to %$ _! poll51 & !n f]tilize ! pi/ils ) ! /am5s ( ! o!r v>iety ^: qualities !y wi% to ent] into ! comb9ation4 ,!re is no ne$ ( our do+ ?is1 = x involves mu* tr\ble & c>e at be/1 & !n we are always haunt$ by ! fe> t ! /am5s 7 n remov$ 9 "t1 or s completely z to prev5t self-f]tilization4 ,) su* pi/illate v>ieties z ! ,gold5 ,defiance1 ,*ampion1 ,spr+-dale1 & ,cresc5t1 we h z robu/ mo!rhood z we require4 ,9 ord] to pres5t to ! read] ! mo/ approv$ sy/ems ( hybridization1 ,i w give ! me?ods ( two g5tlem5 :o are among ! be/ kn[n 9 relation to ?is subject4 ,! late ,mr4 ,se? ,boyd5 won _w-wide celebrity by 8 success1 & ! b]ry nam$ aft] him w p]petuate 8 memory = _m ye>s to come4 ,:5 gr[n "u ! prop] conditions1 x pres5ts a type ( excell5ce /ill unsurpass$4 ,mr4 ,boyd5's neighbor1 ,mr4 ,ogd5 ,br[n1 ( ,hilton1 ,n4 ,j41 writes to me z foll[s3 ,my me?od ( rais+ se$l+s is ! "o practic$ by ,mr4 ,boyd54 ,9 ,augu/ ,i set ! plants f :i* ,i wi% to secure new comb9ations 9 a plot ( gr\nd ! size ( my glass frame1 & 9 e>ly spr+ set ! frame ov] !m1 s t ! plants may blossom be=e any o!rs4 ,?us1 no mixture f ! poll5 ( outside plants c take place1 = none are 9 bloom save ^? 9 ! frame4 ,! plants )9 ! frame are two or ?ree pi/illate plants1 all ( "o good v>iety l ! ,*ampion2 & ?ree or f\r sup]ior1 p]fect-fl[]+ k9ds1 any "o ( :i*1 ,i ?9k1 w make a good comb9ation ) ! pi/illate v>iety4 ,! se$s f ! pi/illate only are us$1 & :5 ! fruit is rip5$1 ^! se$s are slightly dri$ & plac$ betwe5 two pieces ( ice = ab\t two weeks4 ,i !n put !m 9 pure s&1 wrapp$ up 9 a wet rag1 & keep !m suffici5tly ne> ! fire to pres]ve con/ant w>m? until ! g]ms are ready to bur/ =?4 ,i !n s[ ! se$s 9 a b$ ( f9ely riddl$ ri* e>?1 & cov] ) bo>ds ab\t six in*es f ! soil4 ,?is is to prev5t ! sun f dry+ ! gr\nd4 ,plants ?us rais$ w be suffici5tly l>ge to set 9 ! fruit+-b$ 9 ,septemb]4 ,9 ! fifte5 ye>s t ,i 0 acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,boyd51 ,i nev] knew him to fail 9 rais+ fruit f ^! plants ! foll[+ summ]4 ,i d n "k t ,mr4 ,boyd5's me?od has be5 improv$ ^u4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,m]rick1 ,jr41 recomm5ds ?is same isolation ( ! pi/illate plant "u glass4 ,x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t :ile sev]al p]fect-fl[]+ plants may be plac$ "u ! sa% ) a pi/illate1 ! poll5 ( only "o ( ^! c f]tilize a pi/il4 ,mix+ poll5 f diff]5t k9ds w nev] produce 9 a se$l+ ! qualities ( ?ree or m v>ieties4 ,! se$l+ is ! product ( two k9ds only4 ,inclos+ ! plants 9 a frame ensures t all ! pi/ils are f]tiliz$ by "o or ! o!r ( ! p]fect-fl[]$ v>ieties t are s f9e z to promise a bett] comb9ation ( excell5ce ?an yet exi/s4 ,! appe>ance ( ! se$l+ w probably %[ :i* ( ! k9ds =m$ ! comb9ation1 b (t5 !re w\ld be unc]ta9ty on ?is po9t1 ,i ?9k4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&1 :o s5t out ! ,black ,defiance1 ,great ,am]ican1 ,beauty1 ,pione]1 & sev]al o!rs1 claims t ! true me?od is to propagate by pairs1 ea* p>5t possess+ c]ta9 di/9ctive features4 ,my c\rse1 he writes1 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,n4 ,j4 ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 is to select my pi/illates aft] ye>s ( trial1 subject !m to sev]e te/s1 & place alongside ( ea* su* a /am9ate z ,i ?9k w h>monize & produce a c]ta9 desir$ effect4 ,ano!r pi/illate plant1 ( ! same v>iety1 is plac$ f> away f ! la/1 ) a diff]5t /am9ate1 & s on1 till ,i exhau/ ! /am9ates or p]fect-fl[]+ k9ds t ,i wi% to te/ ) t pi/illate v>iety4 ,( late ye>s1 ,i h us$ b two or ?ree k9ds ( pi/illate plants1 & !y are a comb9ation ( excell5ce4 ,i nev] %[ !m to my mo/ intimate fri5ds1 & ! public "k no?+ ab\t !m4 ,! ye>s ( trial & exp]im5t necess>y to produce su* plants mu/ necess>ily disc\rage a beg9n]2 yet x is ! only c\rse t w lead to success4 ,i ?9k t ,mr4 ,dur& takes too gloomy a view ( ! subject1 & ,i c see no reason :y any "o />t+ ) su* pi/illates z ! ,gold5 ,defiance1 ,*ampion1 & o!rs1 may n orig9ate a v>iety sup]ior to any n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i mu/ caution aga9/ ov]-sangu9e hopes4 ,mr4 ,dur& /ates ! int]e/+ fact t he g5]ally produces #c1jjj new v>ieties annually1 & includ+ ! ye> #ahgf1 he _h already orig9at$ ab\t #ej1jjj se$l+s4 ,:ile "s ( ^! h already secur$ great celebrity1 l ! ,great ,am]ican1 ,i d n "k ( "o t promises to ma9ta9 a cont9u$ & national popul>ity4 ,i reg>d 8 old ,black ,defiance & ! lat] ,pione] z 8 be/ se$l+s1 s f> z ,i h se5 !m4 ,v _m o!rs d n h ev5 8 success4 ,we may h to exp]im5t = ye>s be=e we obta9 a se$l+ wor? pres]v+2 nev]!less1 9 ! he>t ( ea* propagator lurks ! hope t he may draw ! prize ( prizes4 ,i w close ?is *apt] ) a few simple & practical sugge/ions4 ,x is n necess>y to place ! se$s 9 ice4 ,!y may be s[n 9 ,july1 9 ri* soil1 r5d]$ f9e & mell[1 & 9 a half-%ady position2 & ! surface %\ld be kept moi/ by wat]+1 & a spr9kl+ ( a little v f9e compo/1 t w prev5t ! gr\nd f bak+4 ,"s ( ! se$s w g]m9ate t season1 m w come up ! foll[+ spr+4 ,or1 !y may be />t$ 9 a cold frame "u glass1 & ha/5$ 9 _! gr[? s t good-siz$ plants are ready = ! fruit+-b$ by ,septemb]4 ,mr4 ,dur& plants 8 se$ 9 ! spr+1 & ! se$l+s be> ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! plants %\ld be set eighte5 in*es ap>t ea* way 9 ! fruit+-b$4 ,:5 !y blossom1 note & m>k all ! pi/illates z su*4 ,^? t gr[ feebly1 & ^: foliage scalds or burns 9 ! sun1 root out at once4 ,! ,sp>tan law ( dea? to ! feeble & de=m$ %\ld be rigor\sly en=c$ 9 ! fruit g>d54 ,! fir/ ye> ( fruit+ w satisfy y t ! majority ( se$l+s are to be ?r[n away4 ,^? t give special promise %\ld be lift$ ) a l>ge ball ( e>?1 & plant$ :]e !y may be kept pure f mixture1 & giv5 fur!r trial4 ,rememb] t a se$l+ may d bett] ! fir/ ye> ?an ev] aft]1 & t only a cont9u$ & v>i$ trial c prove its wor?4 ,all runn]s %\ld be kept (f1 unless ! gr\nd is infe/$ ) grubs1 & !re is dang] ( los+ a promis+ v>iety ( :i* we h b "o specim54 ,if s =tunate z to raise sup]ior se$l+s1 te/ !m side by side1 & "u ! same conditions ) ! be/ k9ds 9 exi/5ce1 be=e call+ to !m public att5tion4 ,try !m1 also1 9 light & heavy soils2 &1 if possible1 s5d !m to tru/$ fri5ds :o w subject !m to v>i$ climates 9 widely sep>at$ localities4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y f9d !m vigor\s & productive on ! light1 poor soil ( y\r own place1 y may hope mu* = !m else:]e4 ,no b]ry w be g5]ally popul> t requires mu* pett+4 ,i only /ate ?is z a fact4 ,9 my op9ion1 "s v>ieties are s sup]b 9 size & flavor t !y des]ve high culture1 & well repay x4 ,x is a "q :e!r1 except = ! purposes ( propagation1 pi/illate v>ieties %\ld be pres]v$ & s5t out4 ,mr4 ,full] & o!rs take gr\nd aga9/ !m1 & _! views are entitl$ to great respect1 b ) su* k9ds z ! ,gold5 ,defiance & ,*ampion 9 my g>d51 ,i am n prep>$ to condemn !m4 ,"o objection urg$ aga9/ !m is t _m pur*ase a s+le v>iety1 &1 %\ld x prove a pi/illate1 !y w\ld h no fruit4 ,!y w\ld n des]ve any1 if !y gave ! subject s little att5tion4 ,e fruit catalogue /ates :i* are pi/illates1 & _! ne$ ( a p]fect-fl[]+ k9d ne> !m4 ,aga91 x is urg$ t ?is necess>y proximity ( two k9ds leads to mixtures4 ,x ne$ n1 &1 ) ! plant gr[]1 c only result f gross c>elessness4 ,! diff]5t b$s may be y>ds ap>t4 ,9 ord] to secure ?or\gh f]tilization1 x is n at all necess>y to plant s ne> t ! two k9ds c run toge!r4 ,9 a l>ge field ( pi/illates1 e t5? r[ %\ld be ( a /am9ate1 blossom+ at ! same "t ) ! pi/illate4 ,! ,k5tucky se$l+ is a fir/-class /am9ate1 b x %\ld n be us$ to f]tilize ! ,cresc5t1 s9ce ! latt] w\ld almo/ be out ( bloom be=e ! =m] began to blossom4 ,plant e>ly pi/illates ) e>ly /am9ates1 & late ) late4 ,_m ask me3 ,d /rawb]ries mix by be+ plant$ ne> ea* o!r8 ,!y mix only by runn+ toge!r1 s t y c sc>cely di/+ui% ! two k9ds2 b a ,wilson plant w produce ,wilson runn]s to ! end ( "t2 & 7 "o plant surr\nd$ by a million o!r v>ieties1 x w\ld /ill ma9ta9 ! ,wilson *>act]i/ics4 ,x is ?r\gh ! se$s1 & se$s only1 t "o v>iety has any appreciable effect ^u ano!r4 ,_m h confus$ ideas on ?is po9t4 ,a man br\ght to ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 at ,philadelphia1 a pot ( /rawb]ries t attract$ great att5tion1 = ! fruit 0 magnific5t4 ,i sugge/$ to him t x resembl$ ! ,jucunda1 & he said t x 0 a cross betwe5 t b]ry & ! ,se? ,boyd54 ,?is 0 a comb9ation t promis$ s well t ,i w5t tw5ty miles1 on a v hot day1 to see 8 b$1 & f\nd t ! cross+ 0 simply ! int]lac+ ( ! runn]s ( ! two di/9ct v>ieties1 & t ,i c\ld tell ! int]m+l$ ,jucunda & ,boyd5 plants ap>t at a glance4 ,su* cross+ w\ld make no m>k$ *ange 9 v>ieties if cont9u$ = c5turies4 ,! enemies & diseases ( ! /rawb]ry w be gr\p$ 9 a g5]al *apt] on ^! subjects4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,raspb]ries--,,species1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,propagation1 ,,etc4 ,i h giv5 ! great] "p ( ?is volume to ! subject ( /rawb]ries1 n only because x is ! mo/ popul> fruit1 b also = ! reason t ! pr9ciples ( ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil1 dra9age1 culture1 etc41 apply equally to ! o!r small fruits4 ,^? :o h foll[$ me c>efully ?us f> c soon ma/] ! conditions ( success :i* apply to ! fruits /ill to be treat$4 ,i %all n[ consid] a fruit :i* is only second 9 value1 &1 by _m1 ev5 pref]r$ to all ! o!rs4 ,l ! /rawb]ry1 ! raspb]ry is well connect$1 s9ce x1 also1 belongs to ! ,rose family4 ,x has a p]5nial root1 produc+ bi5nial woody /ems t rea* a height ( f ?ree to six feet4 ,v>ieties1 h[ev]1 diff] greatly 9 ?is respect4 ,usually1 ! /ems or canes d n be> until ! second ye>1 & t season ends _! life1 _! place be+ tak5 by a new gr[? f ! root4 ,! fl[]s are :ite or r$1 v unobtrusive1 & ri* 9 sweetness4 ,! discrim9at+ bees =sake mo/ o!r fl[]s :ile ! raspb]ry blossoms la/4 ,! pi/ils on ! convex receptacle mature into a collection ( small drupes1 or /one fruits1 ( ! same "* z ! *]ry1 plum1 etc41 & ! se$s )9 ! drupes are m9iature pits4 ,^! drupes adh]e toge!r1 =m+ r\nd or conical caps1 :i* w drop f ! receptacle :5 ov]-ripe4 ,i h se5 ! gr\nd cov]$ ) ! fruit ( c]ta9 v>ieties1 :5 pick+ has be5 delay$4 ,all peoples seem to h _h a feel+ s5se ( ! sp9es1 or ?orns ( ?is plant1 z may be ga!r$ f its "n 9 diff]5t languages2 ! ,italian t]m is ,raspo1 ! ,scot* ,raspis1 & ! ,g]man ,kratsb]re1 or ,scrat*b]ry4 ,! ,greeks trac$ ! raspb]ry to ,m\nt ,ida1 & ! orig9al bu% may h gr[n 9 ! %ad[y glade :]e ! ,%eph]d ,alex&re1 alias ,p>is1 son ( ,priam1 ,k+ ( ,troy1 gave 8 fateful decision 9 favor ( ,v5us4 ,juno & ,m9]va und\bt$ly beguil$ ! "t1 :ile ! favor$ goddess pres5t$ h] claims1 by eat+ ! fruit1 & p]haps enhanc$ _! competitive beauty by t\*+ _! *eeks ) an occasional b]ry4 ,at any rate1 ! raspb]ry ( ! anci5ts is ,rubus ,idoeus4 ,! eld] ,pl9y1 :o wrote n f> f #de ,a4,d41 /ates t ! ,greeks di/+ui%$ ! raspb]ry bramble by ! t]m ,idoea1 &1 l s _m o!r ,grecian ideas1 x has f\nd increas+ favor ev] s9ce4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 "o ( ! be/-read au?orities on ^! subjects1 writes t ,paladius1 a ,roman agricultural au?or :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 m5tions ! raspb]ry z "o ( ! cultivat$ fruits ( 8 "t4 ,x ?us appe>s t x 0 promot$ to ! g>d5 long be=e ! /rawb]ry 0 s honor$4 ,:ile x is true t ! raspb]ry 9 v>i\s =ms is f\nd wild ?r\gh\t ! cont95t1 & t ! anci5t g>d5]s 9 mo/ in/ances obta9$ _! supply ( plants 9 ! adjac5t fields or =e/s1 ! late ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+ is ( ! op9ion t ! l>ge-fruit$ v>ieties are desc5dants ( ! ,m\nt ,ida ,bramble1 & f t locality 7 introduc$ into ! g>d5s ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,9 ,am]ica1 two well-kn[n & di/9ct species are enri*+ our g>d5s & grac+ our tables ) _! heal?ful fruit4 ,we w fir/ "n ,r4 ,/rigosus1 or ! wild r$ raspb]ry1 almo/ z de> to our memory z ! wild /rawb]ry4 ,x gr[s be/ along ! edge ( woodl&s & 9 half-%ad[y places t seem equally adapt$ to lov]s' rambles4 ,nature1 too1 9 a k9dly mood1 seems to h scatt]$ ! se$s ( ?is fruit along ! roadside1 ?us fr++ ! highway 9 du/y1 hot ,july ) ambrosial food4 ,pr(essor ,gray ?us describes ! native r$ species3 ,r4 ,/rigosus1 ,wild ,b$ ,e4 ,common1 especially ,nor?2 f two to ?ree feet high2 ! upright /ems1 /alks1 etc41 beset ) copi\s bri/les1 & "s ( !m becom+ weak prickles1 also gl&ul>2 leaflets oblong-ovate1 po9t$1 cut-s]rate1 :ite-d[ny b5ea?1 ! lat]al ones 7ei!r "o or two pairs7 n /alk$2 petals z long z ! sepals2 fruit light-r$1 t5d] & wat]y1 b high flavor$1 rip5+ all summ]4 ,! second great ,am]ican species1 ,r4 ,occid5tals1 w be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,s9ce ?is book is n design$ to tea* botany1 ,i %all n ref] to ! o!r species--,r4 ,triflorus1 ,r4 ,odoratus1 ,r4 ,nutkanno1 etc4--:i* are ( no practical value1 &1 = ! pres5t1 w conf9e myself to ! propagation & cultivation ( ,r4 ,idoeus & ,r4 ,/rigosus1 & _! se$l+s4 ,,propagation ,usually1 v>ieties ( ^! two species ?r[ up suck]s f ! roots 9 suffici5t abundance = all practical purposes1 & ^! "y canes f betwe5 ! hills or r[s are1 9 mo/ in/ances1 ! plants ( comm]ce1 & ! means ( ext5d+ our plantations4 ,b :]e a v>iety is sc>ce1 or ! purpose is to increase x rapidly1 we c dig out ! _m int]lac+ roots t fill ! soil betwe5 ! hills1 cut !m into two-in* pieces1 & ea* may be develop$ )9 a ye> into a good plant4 ,fall is ! be/ season = mak+ root cutt+s1 & x c be cont9u$ z late z ! fro/ p]mits4 ,my me?od is to /ore ! roots 9 a cell>1 & cut !m f "t to "t1 aft] out-(-door "w is ov]4 ,i h holes bor$ 9 ! bottom ( a box to ensure dra9age1 spread ov] x two in*es ( moi/ 7n wet7 e>?1 !n an in* lay] ( ! root cutt+s1 a ?9 lay] ( e>? aga91 !n cutt+s until ! box is full4 ,if ! cell> is cool & free f fro/1 ! cutt+s may be kept !re until spr+2 or ! boxes conta9+ !m c be buri$ s deeply on a dry knoll 9 a g>d5 z to be bel[ fro/4 ,leaves pil$ above !m ensure safety4 ,make sure t ! boxes are buri$ :]e no wat] c collect ei!r on or b5ea? ! surface4 ,be=e new roots c be made by a cutt+1 a :iti% excresc5ce appe>s at bo? its ends1 call$ ! callus1 & f ?is ! rootlets />t out4 ,?is ess5tial process goes on ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 & !re=e ! advantage ( mak+ cutt+s 9 ! fall4 ,occasionally1 9 ! fall1 we may obta9 a v>iety t we are anxi\s to increase1 9 :i* case "s ( ! roots may be tak5 (f = cutt+s be=e sett+ out ! plants4 ,^! little root-slips may be s[n1 z "o w\ld s[ peas1 e>ly 9 ! spr+ z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w4 ,a plot ( ri*1 moi/ l& %\ld be *os51 & ! soil made mell[ & f9e1 z if = se$2 drills %\ld !n be op5$ eighte5 in*es ap>t1 two in*es deep on heavy l&1 & ?ree in*es deep on light4 ,! cutt+s mu/ n[ be dropp$ ?ree in*es f ea* o!r 9 ! little furr[s1 ! gr\nd levell$ ov] !m & firm$1 :i* is be/ done by walk+ on a bo>d laid on ! cov]$ drill1 or else by ! use ( a g>d5 roll]4 ,if ! entire cutt+-b$ 7 well spr9kl$ ) f9e compo/1 & !n cov]$ s lightly--f "o qu>t] to half an in*--) a mul* ( /raw t ! %oots c\ld come ?r\gh x )\t h9drance1 sc>cely a cutt+ w\ld fail4 ,unfail+ moi/ure1 )\t wetness1 is :at a cutt+ requires4 ,roots may be divid$ into half-in* bits1 if =c$ "u glass1 & 9 ?is way nurs]ym5 (t5 spe$ily provide !mselves ) l>ge /ocks ( v sc>ce v>ieties4 ,! cutt+s are plac$ 9 boxes ( s& until ! callus =ms1 & little buds appe> on ! surface ( ! roots1 = :i* processes ab\t five weeks are requir$4 ,!y are !n s[n 9 %all[ boxes conta9+ ab\t ?ree in*es ( soil1 =m$ ( equal p>ts ( s& & decay$ leaves1 & subject$ to ! heat ( ! gre5-h\se4 ,:5 !y h =m$ plants f ?ree to five in*es high1 !y may be pott$1 if v valuable2 or1 if ! wea!r is w>m en\gh1 !y c be transplant$ at once into ! op5 nurs]y-b$1 z "o w\ld a /rawb]ry plant4 ,i h set out _m ?\s&s 9 ?is way1 only aim+ to keep a little e>? cl++ to ! roots z ,i took !m f ! %all[ box4 ,plants gr[n f cutt+s are usually reg>d$ z ! be/2 b if a suck] plant is tak5 up ) fibr\s roots1 #a %\ld reg>d x z equally good4 ,if we wi% to try our =tune 9 orig9at+ new v>ieties1 we ga!r ! l>ge/ & e>lie/ b]ries1 dry !m1 & plant ! se$s ! foll[+ spr+2 or we may sep>ate ! se$s f ! pulp by express+ x & mix+ !m ) dry s&1 until !y are 9 a condition to be s[n ev5ly 9 a %elt]$ place at once4 ,z ) /rawb]ries1 !y %\ld be rak$ lightly into moi/1 ri* soil1 ! surface ( :i* %\ld n be all[$ to become dry & h>d4 ,! probabilities are t !y w g]m9ate e>ly 9 ! spr+ & produce canes /rong en\gh to be> ! second ye>4 ,if ! se$ is f a k9d t c n endure fro/1 ! "y plant %\ld receive ?or\gh w9t] protection4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an a cov]+ ( e>?4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! second ye>1 cut ! "y plant d[n to ! gr\nd1 & x w s5d up a /rong1 vigor\s cane1 ^: appe>ance & fruit w give a fair sugge/ion ( its value ! ?ird ye>4 ,d n be sure ( a prize1 ev5 ?\gh ! b]ries are sup]b & ! new v>iety />ts (f mo/ vigor\sly4 ,let me give a bit ( exp]i5ce4 ,9 a f9e old g>d51 locat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! city ( ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y41 my att5tion 0 attract$ by ! fruit ( a raspb]ry bu% ^: roots 7 s int]lac$ ) ^? ( a grapev9e t !y c\ld n be sep>at$4 ,x sc>cely seem$ to h a fair *ance to live at all1 & yet x 0 load$ ) ! l>ge/ & mo/ delici\s r$ raspb]ries t ,i _h !n ev] se54 ,x 0 evid5tly a *ance1 & v di/9ct se$l+4 ,i obta9$ f ,mr4 ,t4 ,h4 ,roe1 ! proprietor ( ! g>d51 p]mission to propagate ! v>iety1 & 9 ! autumn remov$ a numb] ( ! canes to my place at ,cornwall4 ,my fir/ object 0 to le>n :e!r x 0 h>dy1 & !re=e n ! slighte/ protection 0 giv5 ! canes at ,newburgh1 nor ev5 to ^? remov$ to my own place1 "s ( :i* 7 left f\r feet high = ! sake ( ?is te/4 ,! w9t] t foll[$ 0 "o ( ! sev]e/ kn[n2 ! m]cury sank to #cj degrees bel[ z]o1 b n a plant at ei!r locality 0 injur$2 & 9 ! old g>d5 a cane f\rte5 feet long1 t re/$ on ! grape-arbor1 0 alive to ! tip1 & 9 ,july 0 load$ ) ! mo/ beautiful fruit ,i _h ev] se54 ,x 0 un-injur$ by ! te/ ( ano!r w9t]1 & all :o saw & ta/$ ! fruit 7 en?usia/ic 9 its praise4 ,! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society aw>d$ x _! fir/ premium1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,d[n+ said x 0 ! f9e/ r$ raspb]ry he _h ev] se54 ,! vet]an horticulturi/1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,p>ry1 :o has _h betwe5 =ty & fifty ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 small fruits1 visit$ my place t summ]4 ,! bu%es he saw _h nev] receiv$ any protection1 & _h already be5 ?ree weeks 9 be>+1 b !y 7 /ill full ( fruit4 ,aft] pick+ sev]al b]ries t measur$ plump ?ree in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 he said1 quietly1 ,put me d[n = #ejj plants4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld he h /at$ 8 favorable op9ion m emphatically4 ,x 0 z delici\s z x 0 l>ge & beautiful1 & surely ,i 0 reasonable 9 expect+ = x a brilliant future4 ,9 my fai? ,i plant$ x l>gely myself1 expect+ to make x my ma9 dep5d5ce z a m>ket b]ry4 ,b 9 ,augu/ ( t ye> _m ( ! canes lo/ _! foliage4 ,^? t ?us suff]$ 7 n entirely h>dy ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,x 0 ev5tually made cle> t x belong$ to ! t5d] ,rubus ,idoeua class1 &1 !re=e1 0 n adapt$ to g5]al cultivation1 especially on light soils1 & "u sunny skies4 ,z ,i h %[n1 its />t 0 s full ( vigor & promise t x won ! favor & confid5ce ( ! horticultural vet]ans2 b x sudd5ly manife/$ lack ( /am9a & /urdy p]si/5ce 9 well-do+4 ,& ?is is j ! tr\ble :i* e exp]i5c$ propagator dreads4 ,only aft] ye>s ( te/ & trial 9 _m localities c he be assur$ t 8 se$l+ may become a /&>d v>iety4 ,if ?is *ance se$l+1 ! ,pride ( ! ,hudson1 is giv5 a moi/ soil 9 "s half-%ady location1 x w yield fruit t w delight ! amateur's he>t1 b1 l ,br9kle's ,orange1 :i* x resembles 9 flavor1 only amateurs w give x ! pett+ x requires4 ,z sugge/$ :5 treat+ ! /rawb]ry1 s 9 seek+ to orig9ate new v>ieties ( raspb]ries1 our aim %\ld be to develop our h>dy native species1 ! ,r4 ,/rigosus1 & if we employ ! ,r4 ,idoeus class = p>5tage on "o side1 seek its mo/ vigor\s repres5tatives1 su* z ! ,belle de ,font5ay & ,franconia4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,l&--,,its ,,prep>ation--,,plant+ ,all t has be5 said ab\t ! ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil = /rawb]ries1 by dra9age1 deep pl[+1 tr5*+1 etc41 applies to raspb]ries1 b diff]5ces %\ld be not$ 9 respect to f]tiliz]s4 ,l& c sc>cely be made too ri* = any v>iety ( /rawb]ries1 b c]ta9 /rong-gr[+ raspb]ries1 l ! ,cu?b]t1 ,h]/9e1 & ,turn]1 %\ld n be ov]-f]tiliz$4 ,"s k9ds dem& good1 clean culture1 r ?an a ri*ness t w\ld cause too great a gr[? ( cane & foliage4 ,9 contra/1 ! feebl] gr[+ k9ds1 l ! ,br&yw9e1 & mo/ ( ! =eign v>ieties1 require abundance ( manure4 ,muck1 sweet5$ by lime & fro/ is "o ( ! simple/ & be/2 b any?+ w answ] t is n too full ( heat & f]m5t4 ,l ! /rawb]ry1 ! raspb]ry ne$s cool manures t h /ay+ qualities4 ,unlike ! =m] fruit1 h[ev]1 ! raspb]ry does well 9 p>tial %ade1 su* z t furni%$ by ! nor!rn side ( a f5ce1 h$ge1 etc41 by a pe> or ev5 apple or*>d1 if ! trees /ill p]mit wide int]vals ( op5 sky4 ,! r$ v>ieties1 especially ^? ( ! =eign types mu* pref] moi/1 heavy soils2 b ! black-caps d q z well on light gr\nd1 if moi/ure c be ma9ta9$4 ,! latt]1 also1 c be gr[n f>!r s\? ?an any o!r species1 b bel[ ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 ^? conta9+ =eign elem5ts beg9 to fail rapidly1 until1 at la/1 a po9t is rea*$ :]e ev5 ! mo/ vigor\s native r$ v>ieties refuse to live4 ,if ! climate1 h[ev]1 is temp]$ by height above ! sea1 z 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,georgia1 !y w ?rive abundantly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spr+ ,,& ,,fall ,,plants ,i pref] fall plant+ = raspb]ries1 especially 9 s\!rn latitudes1 = ^! reasons3 ,at ! po9ts :]e ! roots bran* 7see ,fig4 ,a7 are buds :i* make ! future /ems or canes4 ,9 ! fall1 ^! are dormant1 small1 & n easily brok5 (f1 z 9 ,fig4 ,b2 b !y />t e>ly 9 spr+1 & if plant+ is delay$1 ^! become s long & brittle t ! utmo/ c>e c sc>cely save !m1 ,if rubb$ (f1 ! developm5t ( good be>+ canes is (t5 def]r$ a ye>1 al?\gh ! plants may live & fill ! gr\nd ) roots4 ,! m gr[? a raspb]ry plant has made :5 set out 9 spr+1 ! great] ! probability t x w receive a *eck1 f :i* x w nev] recov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9t] ,,protection ,,( ,,newly ,,set ,,plants ,i h (t5 plant$ 9 ,may & ,june1 successfully1 by tak+ up ! "y suck]s :5 f six in*es to a foot high1 & sett+ !m :]e !y are to gr[4 ,imm$iately on tak+ !m up1 ,i cut !m back s t only "o or two la*es ( ! gre5 cane is left1 & ?us ! roots are n tax$ to su/a9 wood & foliage beyond _! p[]4 ,?is c (t5 be done to advantage1 :5 ! plants are on "o's own place1 & 9 moi/1 cl\dy wea!r4 ,my pref]5ce1 h[ev]1 is to plant ! latt] "p ( ,octob] & ?r\gh ,novemb]1 9 well-prep>$ & enri*$ l&4 ,! holes are made q deep & l>ge1 & ! bottom fill$ ) good surface soil4 ,if possible1 be=e plant+1 pl[ & cross-pl[ deeply1 & h a subsoil] foll[ 9 ea* furr[4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t we are prep>+ = a crop :i* may occupy ! l& = t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 & plants w suff] f e dr\ght if set imm$iately on a h>d subsoil4 ,on heavy l&1 ,i set ! plants "o in* deep] ?an !y 7 be=e2 on light soils two or ?ree in*es deep]4 ,i cut ! canes (f six in*es above ! surface 7see ,fig4 ,c72 = leav+ long canes is (t5 ru9\s1 & a plant is frequ5tly two or ?ree ye>s 9 recov]+ f ! /ra9 ( try+ to produce fruit ! fir/ ye>4 ,! :ole /r5g? ( ! roots %\ld g t[>d produc+ be>+ canes = ! season foll[+2 & to /imulate su* gr[?1 ,i ?r[ directly on ! hill "o or two %ovelfuls ( f9ely rott$ compo/ & !n m\nd ! e>? ov] ! hill until ! cane is :olly cov]$ 7z 9 ,fig4 ,d74 ,?is prev5ts all injury f ! w9t]'s cold4 ,:5 sev]e fro/s are ov]1 ! m\nd is levell$ d[n aga94 ,"u ?is sy/em1 ,i r>ely lose plants1 & usually f9d t d\ble gr[? is made comp>$ ) ^? set late 9 spr+4 ,i h always succe$$ well1 h[ev]1 9 e>ly spr+ plant+2 & well to ! nor?1 ?is is1 p]haps1 ! saf] season4 ,) ! exception ( m\nd+ ! e>? ov] ! hill1 plant 9 ,m>* or ,april z ,i h already direct$4 ,,cultivation ,9 cultivation1 keep ! gr\nd level2 d n let x become bank$ up aga9/ ! hills1 z is (t5 ! case1 especially ) ^? t5d] v>ieties t are cov]$ ) e>? e w9t]4 ,keep ! surface clean & mell[ by ! use ( ! cultivator & hoe4 ,) ! exception ( f f\r to six canes 9 ! hill1 treat all suck]s z we$s1 cutt+ !m d[n :ile !y are little1 be=e !y h suck$ half ! life out ( ! be>+ hill4 ,put a %ovelful or two ( good compo/--any f]tiliz] is bett] ?an none--ar\nd ! hills or along ! r[s1 late 9 ! fall1 & "w x lightly 9 ) a =k if !re is "t4 ,! autumn & w9t] ra9s w c>ry x d[n to ! roots1 giv+ almo/ d\ble vigor & fruitfulness ! foll[+ season4 ,if ! top-dress+ is neglect$ 9 ! autumn1 be sure to give x z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z possible1 & "w x d[n t[>d ! roots4 ,bone-du/1 a%es1 p\drette1 b>ny>d manure1 & muck ) lime c be us$ alt]nate ye>s1 s z to give v>iety ( plant food1 & a plantation ?us su/a9$ c be kept tw5ty ye>s or m2 b "u ! usual culture1 vigor beg9s to fail aft] ! eigh? or t5? season4 ,! fir/ t5d5cy ( mo/ v>ieties ( newly set r$ raspb]ries is to suck] immod]ately2 b ?is gradually decl9es1 ev5 ) ! mo/ rampant1 & "u good culture ! fruit+ qualities improve4 ,9 dry wea!r ! =k %\ld n be us$ dur+ ! gr[+ or be>+ season4 ,! turn+ d[n ( a /ratum ( dry1 hot soil next to ! roots mu/ cause a sudd5 *eck & injury f :i* only a soak+ ra9 c br+ full relief4 ,b 9 moi/ wea!r1 & p]iods prec$+ & foll[+ ! blossom+ & fruit+ season1 ,i h (t5 us$ ! =k to advantage1 especially if !re is a sod ( %ort1 succul5t we$s to be turn$ "u z a gre5 crop4 ,if ! gr\nd betwe5 ! hills 0 /irr$ frequ5tly ) an iron g>d5-rake1 ! we$s w\ld n h a *ance to />t4 ,?is is by f> ! be/ & *eape/ way ( ma9ta9+ our "p 9 ! unceas+ conflict ) vegetable evil4 ,an ,iri% bull hits ! tru? exactly3 ! be/ way to fight we$s is to h none to fight2 & rak+ ! gr\nd ov] on a sunny day1 ab\t once a week1 de/roys !m :5 !y are z yet b g]m9at+ se$s4 ,at ! same "t x op5s ! pores ( ! e>?1 z a physiologi/ might express himself4 ,unfail+ moi/ure is ma9ta9$1 air1 light1 & heat are introduc$ to ! roots 9 accordance ) ,nature's ta/e1 & ! :ole /r5g? ( ! mell[ soil goes to produce only t :i* is useful4 ,b ?is tea*+ is l ! famili> & s\nd advice1 ,=m no bad habits4 ,we d =m !m2 ! we$s d get ! />t ( u2 & !re=e1 z a practical fact1 ! old moral & physical /ruggle mu/ g on until ! end ( "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,raspb]ries--,,prun+--,,/ak+--,,mul*+-- ,,w9t] ,,protection1 ,,etc4 ,usually1 !re is no prun+ ei!r 9 ! field or ! g>d5 beyond ! cutt+ out ( ! old canes & ! %ort5+ 9 ( ! new gr[?4 ,!re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to :e!r ! old canes %\ld be cut out imm$iately aft] fruit+1 or left to natural decay1 & remov$ ! foll[+ fall or spr+4 ,i pref] ! =m] c\rse4 ,x c]ta9ly is neat]1 & ,i ?9k ,i h se5 increas$ gr[? 9 ! "y canes1 = :i* m room is made1 & to ^: support ! roots c give _! :ole /r5g?4 ,! new gr[? c make foliage fa/ en\gh to develop ! roots2 /ill1 ,i h n exp]im5t$ c>efully1 & s _c speak accurately4 ,we see summ] prun+ (t5 advocat$ on pap]1 b ,i h r>ely met x 9 practice4 ,if c>efully done at ! prop] season1 h[ev]1 mu* c be accompli%$ by x 9 ! way ( mak+ /rong1 /ocky plants1 capable ( /&+ alone--plants full ( lat]al bran*es1 l little trees1 t w be load$ ) fruit4 ,b ?is summ] p9*+ back mu/ be comm5c$ e>ly1 :ile ! new1 succul5t gr[? is "u full headway1 & cont9u$ ?r\gh ! busie/ season1 :5 /rawb]ries are ripe & h>ve/ is beg9n+4 ,x %\ld n be done aft] ! cane has practically made its gr[?1 or else ! buds t ought to rema9 dormant until ! foll[+ season are />t$ into a late & feeble gr[? t does n rip5 be=e ! adv5t ( e>ly fro/s4 ,few h "t = prun+ 9 ,may or ,june4 ,if !y h1 let !m try x by all means1 especially on ! black-cap species4 ,x does n require s mu* "t z x does prompt action at ! prop] p]iod ( gr[?4 ,9 ! g>d51 summ] p9*+ c trans=m a raspb]ry bu% into an ornam5tal %rub z beautiful z useful4 ,x is mu* bett] adapt$ to ! h>di] v>ieties ?an to ^? t mu/ be b5t d[n & cov]$ ) e>?4 ,) ! ,r4 ,occid5talis species1 summ] p9*+ w\ld always pay well4 ,! be/ ,i c d1 usually1 ) ! r$ v>ieties1 is to prune 9 ,novemb] & ,m>*2 x %\ld be done be=e ! buds develop4 ,unless e>ly fruit is want$1 ,i believe 9 cutt+ back h]oically4 ,nature once gave me a v useful h9t4 ,"o v cold w9t]1 a r[ ( ,cl>ke raspb]ries 0 left unprotect$4 ,! canes 7 f\r or five feet high1 b 7 kill$ d[n to ! sn[-level1 or )9 eighte5 in*es ( ! gr\nd2 b f :at 0 left un9jur$1 we _h z _m & f> f9] b]ries ?an 7 ga!r$ f o!r r[s :]e ! canes _h be5 left _! full l5g? & protect$ by a cov]+ ( e>?4 ,! fruit 0 lat]1 h[ev]4 ,i w\ld rem9d c>eful obs]v]s ( ! raspb]ry h[ (t5 buds on canes t h be5 brok5 (f or cut away back develop into long sprays1 enorm\sly fruitful ( ! l>ge/ b]ries4 ,i h c\nt$ fifty1 & ev5 eighty1 b]ries on a bran* t _h gr[n f a s+le bud )9 "o or two feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,^! l[] buds (t5 d n />t at all :5 ! canes are left _! full1 or ne>ly _! full l5g?4 ,9 ! latt] case ! fruit rip5s mu* e>li] & m toge!r2 & s9ce an e>ly crop1 ?\gh inf]ior 9 quality & quantity1 may be m valuable ?an a late "o1 ! fruit gr[] (t5 objects to prun+4 ,b 9 ! g>d51 :ile ! canes ( "s e>ly k9ds are left _! full l5g?1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t o!rs1 especially ^? ( ! lat] v>ieties1 be cut back "o-half4 ,ev5 = m>ket purposes ,i believe t ! sup]b fruit result+ f su* prun+ w\ld br+ m money 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,at any rate1 ! season ( be>+ w\ld be greatly prolong$4 ,mul*+ on a l>ge scale w\ld n pay 9 mo/ localities4 ,9 regions :]e salt hay1 flags1 etc41 c be cut 9 abundance1 or :]e /raw is s pl5ty z to be ( little value1 x no d\bt c\ld be appli$ pr(itably4 ,on ,/at5 ,isl& ,i h se5 l>ge pat*es mul*$ ) salt hay4 ,! canes 7 un/ak$1 & _m ( !m b5t ov] on ! clean hay ) _! burd5 ( fruit4 ,:5 !re are no /akes or o!r support us$1 ! b]ries c]ta9ly %\ld be kept f contact ) ! soil4 ,! *ief advantage ( ! mul*1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! pres]vation ( moi/ure4 ,:5 x is giv5 freely1 all ! fruit p]fects1 & 9 a mu* long] succession4 ,! we$s & suck]s are kept d[n1 & ! pat* has a neat appe>ance4 ,moreov]1 mul*+ prev5ts ! foliage f burn+1 & enables ! g>d5] to gr[ successfully ! f9] v>ieties fur!r to ! s\? & on light soils4 ,9 keep+ d[n ! we$s ?r\gh ! long summ]1 a mul* ( leaves1 /raw1 or any co>se litt]1 is (t5 f> less co/ly ?an w\ld be ! labor requir$4 ,/ak+ raspb]ries is und\bt$ly ! be/1 simple/1 & *eape/ me?od ( support+ ! canes ( mo/ v>ieties & 9 mo/ localities4 ,i agree ) ! view tak5 by ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]4 ,*e/nut /akes1 he writes1 five feet long & two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 made f l>ge trees1 co/ me less ?an two c5ts ea*1 & my location is )9 tw5ty miles ( ,new ,york ,city1 :]e timb] ( all k9ds comm&s a l>ge price4 ,i c n af=d to gr[ raspb]ries )\t /ak+1 because e /ake w save on an av]age t5 c5ts' wor? ( fruit1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 ?ree times t am\nt4 ,( c\rse1 split *e/nut /akes look ! neate/ & la/ ! longe/2 b a raspb]ry bu% is n fa/idi\s1 & ,i utilize old bean-poles1 limbs ( trees--any?+ t keeps ! canes f sprawl+ 9 ! dirt ) _! delicate fruit4 ,?us1 9 _m in/ances1 ! /akes w co/ little m ?an a boy's labor 9 prep>+ !m1 & !y c be ( v>i\s l5g?s1 accord+ to ! height ( our canes4 ,z !y become too mu* decay$ = fur!r use1 !y make a *e]y blaze on ! he>? dur+ ! e>ly autumn ev5+s4 ,!re are /ocky gr[+ v>ieties1 l ! ,cu?b]t1 ,turn]1 ,h]/9e & o!rs1 t by summ] prun+ or vigor\s cutt+ back w\ld be self-support+1 if n too mu* expos$ to high w9ds4 ,! "q is a v practical "o1 & %\ld be decid$ l>gely by exp]i5ce & ! gr[]'s locality4 ,!re are fields & regions 9 :i* gales1 & especially ?und]-gu/s1 w\ld pro/rate into ! dirt ! /\te/ bu%es t c\ld be =m$ by summ] prun+1 break+ d[n canes heavy ) gre5 & ripe fruit4 ,9 sav+ a p5ny /ake1 a bit ( /r+1 & ! mom5t requir$ = ty+1 "o might be made to feel1 aft] a ,july /orm1 t he _h be5 too ?rifty4 ,z f> z my exp]i5ce & obs]vation g1 ,i w\ld ei!r /ake all my bu%es t /ood sep>ately & s+ly1 or else w\ld gr[ !m 9 a loose1 cont9u\s1 bu%y r[1 & keep ! fruit clean by "s k9d ( mul*4 ,spla%$1 muddy b]ries are n fit ei!r to eat or to sell4 ,illu/ration3 a4 ,canes snugly ti$4 b4 ,canes improp]ly ti$4 ,,"r ,,& ,,wrong ,,ways ,,( ,,ty+ ,,canes ,9 _m localities1 h[ev]1 /akes are disp5s$ )4 ,9 ! g>d51 wires1 fa/5$ to po/s1 are occasionally /ret*$ along ! r[s1 & ! canes ti$ to ^!4 ,! me?od 9 ?is section1 h[ev]1 is to ins]t /akes firmly 9 ! hill1 by means ( a po9t$ cr[b>1 & ! canes are ti$ to !m z e>ly 9 spr+ z possible4 ,unless wat*$1 ! boys :o d ! ty+ p]si/ 9 leav+ ! upp] cords ( ! canes loose4 ,^! unsupport$ ends1 :5 weight$ ) fruit & foliage1 break1 ( c\rse4 ,! canes %\ld be snugly ti$ _! :ole l5g?4 ,if bu%es made /ocky by summ] prun+ are support$1 let ! /ake be ins]t$ on ! side opposite t f :i* heavy w9ds are expect$4 ,,w9t] ,,protection--,,tak+ ,,up ,,plants ,,= ,,spr+ ,,use--,,/or+ ,,!m ,ne>ly all =eign v>ieties & _! se$l+s ne$ w9t] protection1 or are ! bett] = x1 nor? ( ! latitude ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,_m ( ! h>di] k9ds1 l ! ,h]/9e & ,cl>ke1 w usually survive if b5t ov] & kept close to ! e>? by ! weight ( poles or a %ovelful or two ( soil2 b all ( ! ,antw]p class ne$ to be entirely cov]$4 ,to _m1 ?is w9t] cov]+ is a great bugbe>1 ev5 :5 only a small pat* 9 ! g>d5 is involv$4 ,!re is a con/ant dem& = p]fectly h>dy v>ieties4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t _m ( ! be/ k9ds are n h>dy at all1 & t p]haps none are p]fectly h>dy4 ,! ,turn] has nev] be5 injur$ on my place1 & ! ,cu?b]t is r>ely hurt2 b occasionally !y are p>tially kill$1 m by alt]nations ( freez+ & ?aw+ ?an by /eady cold4 ,:at are t]m$ op5 w9t]s are (t5 ! mo/ de/ructive4 ,i f9d t x pays to cov] all ^? k9ds t are liable to injury1 &1 z ! v>ieties are describ$1 ?is ne$ w be di/9ctly /at$4 ,! difficulties ( cov]+ are *iefly imag9>y1 & x c be done by ! acre at comp>atively slight co/ ,! va/ crops ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p 7 rais$ f fields cov]$ e fall4 ,9 ! g>d51 ,i d n consid] ! labor wor? nam+ 9 comp>ison ) ! advantages secur$4 ,^? :o f9d "t to c>efully cov] _! cabbages & ga!r turnips %\ld n talk ( ! tr\ble ( protect+ a r[ ( delici\s ,h]/9e raspb]ries4 ,/ill1 ,nature is v indulg5t to ! lazy1 & has giv5 u z f9e a raspb]ry z ! ,cu?b]t1 :i* ?us f>1 ) b few exceptions1 has endur$ our ,nor!rn w9t]s4 ,9 ,novemb]1 ,i h ! labor ( cov]+ p]=m$ 9 ! foll[+ simple way3 ,b is a hill ) canes untrimm$4 ,c1 ! canes h be5 %ort5$ "o-?ird--my rule 9 prun+4 ,aft] trimm+1 ! canes are ready to be laid d[n1 & !y %\ld all be b5t "o way4 ,to turn !m %>ply ov] & cov] !m ) e>? w\ld cause _m ( ! /rong] ones to break j above ! root2 s ,i h a %ovelful ( soil ?r[n on "o side ( ! hill1 z 9 ,fig4 ,c1 & ! canes b5t ov] ?is little m\nd4 ,!y ?us describe a curve1 in/ead ( ly+ at "r angles on ! surface1 ) a weight ( e>? ^u !m4 ,a boy holds ! cane d[n1 :ile a man on ei!r side ( ! r[ rapidly %ovels ! e>? ^u !m4 ,if ! "w is to be done on a l>ge scale1 "o or two %ovelfuls w p9 ! canes to ! e>?1 & !n1 by ?r[+ a furr[ ov] !m on bo? sides ) a pl[1 ! labor is soon accompli%$4 ,x w be necess>y to foll[ ! pl[ ) a %ovel1 & increase ! cov]+ "h & !re4 ,9 spr+1 z soon z h>d fro/s are ov]--! fir/ week 9 ,april1 9 our latitude1 usually--beg9 at ! end ( ! r[ t[>d :i* ! canes 7 b5t1 & ) a =k ?r[ & pu% ! e>? aside & g5tly lift ! canes out ( ! soil1 tak+ pa9s to level ! gr\nd ?or\ghly1 & n leave x heap$ up aga9/ ! hills4 ,?is %\ld n be done :5 ! e>? is wet & /icky4 ,keep (f ! gr\nd at su* times1 unless ! season is gr[+ s late t !re is dang] ( ! canes decay+ if n expos$ to ! air4 ,! soon] !y are /ak$ & ti$ up aft] uncov]+1 ! bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prun+ ,,& ,,lay+ ,,d[n ,,canes ,= m>ket or o!r purposes1 we may wi% a numb] ( "y plants1 9 :i* case !re is mu* room = good s5se 9 tak+ !m up4 ,_m lay hold ^u ! canes & pull s ha/ily t little save /icks comes out4 ,a g>d5] wants fibr\s roots r ?an top2 !re=e1 s5d ! spade d[n "u ! roots & pry !m out4 ,suck]s & root-cutt+ plants c be dug 9 ,octob]1 aft] ! wood has fairly rip5$1 b be c>eful to leave no foliage on ! canes t are tak5 up be=e ! leaves fall1 = !y rapidly dra9 ! vitality ( ! plants4 ,x is be/ to cut ! canes d[n to )9 a foot ( ! surface be=e digg+4 ,i pref] tak+ up all plants = sale or use 9 ! latt] "p ( ,octob] & ,novemb]1 & ^? n set out or dispos$ ( are /or$ closely 9 tr5*es1 ) ! roots a foot or m bel[ ! surface4 ,by ?us bury+ !m deeply & by leav+ on !m a heavy cov]+ ( leaves1 !y are kept 9 a dormant /ate q late 9 spr+1 & s c be h&l$ )\t break+ (f ! buds :i* make ! future canes4 ,b1 z we h already said1 ! e>li] !y are plant$ aft] ! fro/ is out1 ! bett]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,raspb]ries--,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,=eign ,,& ,,native ,,species ,?is *apt] w treat fir/ ( ! import$ k9ds1 :i* usually are m or less t5d]1 & !n1 by way ( contra/1 ( ! h>dy v>ieties ( our native ,r4 ,/rigosus4 ,i %all speak ( ^? only t are n[ 9 g5]al cultivation1 nam+ a few1 also1 ^: popul>ity 9 ! pa/ has be5 s great z to entitle !m to m5tion4 ,z 0 true ( /rawb]ries1 s also v>ieties ( raspb]ries t won "n & fame abroad 7 import$1 & a few ( !m h adapt$ !mselves s well to ,am]ican soil & climate z to h become /&>ds ( excell5ce4 ,among ! be/-kn[n ( ^! =m]ly 0 ! ,r$ ,antw]p ( ,engl&4 ,few old-fa%ion$ g>d5s 7 )\t x at "o "t1 b x is fa/ giv+ way to new] & m popul> v>ieties4 ,! canes are vigor\s1 /ocky1 & tall2 sp9es light-r$1 num]\s1 & r /rong4 ,w9t] protection is always ne$$4 ,! b]ries are l>ge & v obtuse1 conical1 d>k-r$1 l>ge-gra9$1 & cov]$ ) a ?ick bloom1 v juicy1 & exce$+ly s(t--too mu* s = m>ket purposes4 ,!y made a da9ty di% = home use1 h[ev]1 & our gr&mo!rs1 :5 maid5s1 ga!r$ !m 9 ! l5g!n+ summ] %ad[s4 ,! ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p1 ! mo/ celebrat$ =eign b]ry 9 ,am]ica1 is q di/9ct f ! above1 al?\gh belong+ to ! same family4 ,x is %ort] & m sl5d] 9 its gr[?1 q free f sp9es1 & its canes are ( a peculi> m\se-color4 ,its fruit is ev5 l>g]1 b firm1 decid$ly conical1 n v bright :5 fully ripe1 & r dry1 b sweet & agreeable 9 flavor4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ says t its orig9 is unkn[n1 & t x 0 br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ! late ,mr4 ,briggs1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,n4,y4 ,z ?is g5tleman 0 leav+ ,engl& 7?us ! /ory is told1 ,mr4 ,d[n+ writes to me71 he visit$ a fri5d to say good-by1 & solicit$ ?is new raspb]ry4 ,s9ce he 0 leav+ ! c\ntry1 & c\ld cause no injury to ! sale ( plants1 8 fri5d gave him a few 9 p>t+1 al?\gh ?ree gu9eas _h be5 refus$ = a s+le plant hi!rto1 9 ! c>eful ef=t to secure a l>ge /ock be=e putt+ ! v>iety on ! m>ket4 ,its "n sugge/s ,belgium z its orig9al home4 ,?is ,antw]p cont9ues long 9 be>+1 & ! b]ries beg9 to rip5 e>ly4 ,! good c>ry+ qualities ( ! fruit1 comb9$ ) great productiv5ess1 made x at "o "t ! mo/ pr(itable m>ket b]ry 9 ?is section2 b its culture 0 *iefly conf9$ to a n>r[ /rip on ! we/ %ore ( ! ,hudson1 ext5d+ f ,cornwall to ,k+/on4 ,= "s obscure reasons1 x did n ?rive 9 o!r localities1 & n[ x appe>s to be fail+ fa/ 9 its favorite haunt4 ,a disease call$ ! curl-leaf is de/roy+ "s ( ! olde/ & l>ge/ plantations1 & ! gr[]s are look+ ab\t = h>di] & m vigor\s v>ieties4 ,b 9 its palmy days1 & ev5 /ill1 ! ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p 0 "o ( ! great productions ( ! c\ntry1 s5d+ b>ges & /eam]s nightly to ,new ,york lad5 ) ruby cones1 ^: aroma 0 (t5 v di/9ct on ! w9dw>d %ore :ile ! boats 7 pass+4 ,?is enorm\s bus9ess _h 9 "p a *ance & curi\s orig91 & a v small beg9n+2 :ile ! celebrat$ v>iety itself1 :i* ev5tually cov]$ s _m hundr$s ( acres on ! we/ bank ( ! ,hudson1 may be trac$ back ?r\gh two l9es ( ance/ry4 ,an ,engli% g>d5]1 :o probably obta9$ ! plants f ,mr4 ,briggs1 gave "s ( !m to a ,mr4 ,samuel ,b>nes1 :o resid$ 9 ,we/*e/] ,c\nty4 ,f him1 ,mr4 ,?os4 ,h4 ,burl+1 ( ,new ,ro*elle1 ,n4,y41 secur$ an abundant supply = 8 home g>d54 ,"h its value 0 obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,na?aniel ,hallock1 :o transf]r$ "s ( ! canes to 8 place at ,milton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,f 8 g>d5 !y spread ov] _m fields besides 8 own4 ,9 respect to ! o!r l9e ( ance/ry ( ?is hi/orical b]ry1 ,i am indebt$ = ! foll[+ facts to ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,"y1 ( ,m>lboro'1 ,n4 ,y43 ,_m ye>s ago a bundle ( raspb]ry plants 0 left at a meat-m>ket 9 ,p\ghkeepsie1 & ,mr4 ,watt]s1 ! proprietor ( ! place1 kept !m sev]al days1 expect+ t !y w\ld be call$ =4 ,z !y rema9$ ^u 8 h&s1 he plant$ !m 9 8 g>d51 :]e1 l g5u9e wor?1 !y soon ass]t$ _! sup]iority4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,"y1 ( ,m>lboro'1 a relative ( ,mr4 ,watt]s1 receiv$ a pres5t ( a few roots1 :i* suppli$ 8 family ) ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful b]ries he _h ev] se54 ,good propagates itself z well z evil if giv5 a *ance1 & ,mr4 ,"y soon _h f> m fruit ?an 0 ne$$ by 8 family1 & he resolv$ to try ! =tunes ( 8 favorite 9 ,new ,york m>ket4 ,= ?is purpose1 8 son writes1 my fa!r procur$ import$ fancy will[ baskets1 hold+ ab\t "o p9t ea*1 & c>efully pack$ ^! 9 crates made = ! purpose4 ,?is mode prov$ a success1 bo? 9 c>ry+ !m securely & 9 mak+ !m v attractive4 ,! putt+ up su* a f9e v>iety ( fruit 9 ?is way gave x notoriety at once1 & x br\ght at fir/ z mu* z "o doll> p] qu>t4 ,my fa!r 0 s well satisfi$ ) 8 exp]im5t t he advis$ 8 sons1 ,alex&]1 ,edw>d & myself1 to ext5d ! culture ( ?is v>iety l>gely4 ,we ent]$ into ! bus9ess1 &1 pursu+ x ) dilig5ce1 7 well comp5sat$4 ,our success made o!rs desir\s ( engag+ 9 x1 & s x spread out into its l>ge dim5sions4 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,"y e/imates t 9 ! ye> #aheh #a1jjj1jjj p9t baskets1 or ab\t #ad1gjj bu%els1 7 %ipp$ f ,m>lboro'2 b adds t s9ce #ahfj x has decreas$ z fa/4 ,f pres5t appe>ances1 ! v>iety mu/ become ext9ct1 & ,i fe> w nev] h its equal4 ,milton1 ,cornwall1 ,new burgh1 & o!r po9ts compet$ 9 ! pr(itable indu/ry1 & n[1 ) ,m>lboro'1 are replac+ ! fail+ v>iety ) o!r k9ds m vigor\s 9 gr[?1 b ?us f> inf]ior 9 quality4 ,t ! great indu/ry is n fall+ (f is %[n by ! foll[+ /atem5t1 tak5 f ! ,new ,york ,tribune 9 ! summ] ( #aggi3 ,! village ( ,highl&1 opposite ,p\ghkeepsie1 runs a b]ry boat daily to ,new ,york1 & ! l>ge night /eam]s are n[ tak+ out imm5se loads ( raspb]ries f ! riv] t[ns e ev5+1 hav+ at times ne>ly #b1jjj bu%els on bo>d4 ,f z c>eful a computation z ,i h be5 able to make1 ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! (fic]s ( ! l>ge ,k+/on boats ! ,baldw9 & ,cornell1 ,i am l$ to believe t ^! two /eam]s unit$ly c>ri$ to ! city ov] tw5ty ?\s& bu%els ( b]ries t same ye>4 ,! magnitude ( ?is indu/ry on ! ,hudson w be /ill bett] realiz$ :5 x is rememb]$ t sev]al o!r freight boats divide ?is traffic ) ! ,k+/on /eam]s4 ,:5 we consid] :at a delicate & p]i%able fruit ?is is1 x c be und]/ood t ga!r+ & pack+ x prop]ly is no bagatelle4 ,sometimes y w f9d ! fruit gr[]'s family 9 ! field1 f ! matron d[n to ! little ones t _c rea* ! highe/ b]ries4 ,b ! home =ce is :olly insuffici5t1 & any "o :o w pick--man1 woman or *ild--is employ$4 ,!re=e1 drift+ ?r\gh ! riv] t[ns dur+ ,june & ,july1 are f\nd specim5s almo/ z picturesque1 if n s highly color$1 z ^? we saw at ,norfolk--poor :ites f ! back c\ntry & m\nta9s2 p f ! cities on a humble l>k1 :o _c af=d to ru/icate at a hotel2 semi-tramps1 :o h n atta9$ to ! f9al /age ( ari/ocratic idl5ess1 :]e9 ! (f] ( "w is an insult :i* !y res5t by burn+ a b>n4 ,rude %anties1 ) bunks1 are fitt$ up to give all ! %elt] !y require4 ,"h !y lead a gypsy life1 q z mu* to _! ta/e z camp+ 9 ! ,adirondacks1 cook+ & smok+ ?r\gh ! ,june twilight1 & z oblivi\s ( ! exquisite sc5]y ab\t !m z ! onion-eat+ peasants ( ,italy2 b :5 pick+ ! fruit on a sunny slope1 & half-hidd5 by ! raspb]ry bu%es1 ,nature bl5ds !m ) ! sc5e s deftly t ev5 !y become picturesque4 ,! little r\nd ?irds1 z !y are t]m$1 into :i* ! b]ries are ga!r$1 are c>ri$ out ( ! sunlight to %$s & b>ns2 ! pack] receives !m1 giv+ tickets 9 ex*ange1 & !n1 too (t5 ) ! delib]ation & ease induc$ by ! summ] heat1 packs !m 9 crates4 ,z a result1 !re is frequ5tly a hurry-scurry lat] 9 ! day to get ! b]ries (f 9 "t4 ,! ,fa/ollf1 ,nor?umb]l& ,fillbasket1 & ,knevett's ,giant are f9e old ,engli% v>ieties t are f\nd 9 private g>d5s1 b h nev] made _! way into g5]al favor4 ,! ,franconia is n[ ! be/ =eign v>iety we h4 ,x 0 introduc$ f ,p>is by ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,p]k9s1 ( ,bo/on1 ab\t ?irty-sev5 ye>s ago1 & is a l>ge1 obtuse1 conical b]ry1 firm1 ?us c>ry+ well to m>ket1 & al?\gh a little s\r1 its acid is ( a ri*1 sprightly "*4 ,x is rais$ l>gely 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york1 & 9 nor!rn latitudes is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable4 ,x is almo/ h>dy 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ro*e/]1 receiv+ by "s gr[]s no w9t] protection4 ,its lack ( h>d9ess ) u1 & fur!r s\?w>d1 is due to its t5d5cy--common to ne>ly all =eign b]ries--to lose its foliage 9 ,augu/4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x w\ld prove "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable 9 ,canada1 & t if x 7 simply p9n$ d[n to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & ?us kept "u ! deep sn[s1 x w\ld r>ely suff] f ! cold4 ,x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t ! climate ( ,canada1 if w9t] protection is giv5--inde$1 ,i may say1 )\t protection--is f> bett] adapt$ to t5d] raspb]ries ?an t ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,virg9ia1 or ev5 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! long cont9uance ( ! ,franconia 9 be>+ is "o ( its be/ qualities4 ,we usually enjoy its fruit = six weeks toge!r4 ,its almo/ globul> %ape is 9 contra/ ) ano!r excell5t ,fr5* v>iety1 ! ,belle de ,font5ay1 a l>ge1 long1 conical1 b some:at irregul>-%ap$ b]ry ( v sup]ior flavor4 ,mr4 ,full] says t x is entirely h>dy4 ,x survives ! w9t] )\t protection on my gr\nds4 ,! canes are v /ocky & /rong1 & unless gr[+ ?ickly toge!r are bran*+4 ,its mo/ m>k$ *>act]i/ic1 h[ev]1 is a second crop 9 autumn1 produc$ on ! tips ( ! new canes4 ,if ! canes ( ! previ\s ye> are cut ev5 ) ! gr\nd e>ly 9 spr+1 ! new gr[? gives a v abundant autumn crop ( b]ries1 :i*1 al?\gh mu* incl9$ to crumble 9 pick+1 & to be irregul> 9 %ape1 h /ill ! r>e flavor ( a delici\s fruit long out ( season4 ,x c]ta9ly is ! be/ ( ! fall-be>+ k9ds1 & des]ves a place 9 e g>d54 ,!re are m pr(itable m>ket v>ieties1 h[ev]2 b1 if ! suck]s are vigor\sly de/roy$1 & ! be>+ canes cut well back1 ! fruit is (t5 v l>ge1 abundant1 & attractive1 br++ ! highe/ prices4 ,z a plantation gr[s old]1 ! t5d5cy to suck] immod]ately decreases1 & ! fruit improves4 ,! ,belle de ,pallua & ,hornet are also ,fr5* v>ieties t 9 "s sections yield f9e fruit1 b are too unc]ta9 to become favorites 9 our c\ntry4 ,i h a few canes ( a ,fr5* v>iety t ,mr4 ,d[n+ import$ a numb] ( ye>s s9ce1 & ( :i* ! "n has be5 lo/4 ,x c]ta9ly is ! f9e/ raspb]ry ,i h ev] se51 & ,i am te/+ its adaptation to v>i\s soils4 ,hav+ nam$ ! be/-kn[n =eign v>ieties1 ,i w n[ turn to ,r4 ,/rigosus1 or our native species1 :i* is scatt]$ almo/ ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?4 ,9 its favorite haunts by roadside h$ge & op5 glade 9 ! =e/1 a bu% is occasionally f\nd produc+ su* f9e fruit t ! delight$ discov]] m>ks x1 & 9 ! autumn transf]s x to 8 g>d54 ,z a result1 a new v>iety is (t5 h]ald$ ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,a few ( ^! wild+s h become widely popul>1 & among !m ! ,br&yw9e probably has _h ! mo/ not$ c>e]4 ,mr4 ,william ,p>ry1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 :o has be5 l>gely int]e/$ 9 ?is v>iety1 writes to me z foll[s3 ,i h nev] be5 able to trace ! orig9 ( ?is b]ry4 ,x attract$ att5tion "s eight or t5 ye>s s9ce 9 ! ,wilm+ton m>ket1 & 0 = a "t call$ ! ',wilm+ton4' ,subsequ5tly ,mr4 ,edw>d ,tatnall1 ( t city1 und]took to introduce x by ! "n ( ,susqueco1 ! ,indian "n = ! ,br&yw9e4 ,x soon became ! pr9cipal raspb]ry gr[n along ! ,br&yw9e ,creek1 & z ! m>ket-m5 w\ld p]si/ 9 call+ x aft] its *ief haunt1 x w probably be> ! hi/orical "n until x passes :olly out ( favor4 ,its popul>ity is already on ! wane1 because ( its dry texture & insipid flavor1 b its bright color1 good size1 & especially its firmness & rem>kable c>ry+ qualities1 w ev] lead to its ready sale 9 ! m>ket4 ,x is n a tall1 vigor\s gr[]1 except 9 v ri* l&4 ,! "y canes are usually small1 sl5d]1 ( a pale r$ color1 & h b few sp9es4 ,l ne>ly all ! ,r4 ,/rigosus species1 x t5ds to suck] immod]ately4 ,if ?is disposition is rigor\sly *eck$ by hoe & cultivator1 x is productive2 o!rwise1 ! be>+ canes are *ok$ & r5d]$ comp>atively unfruitful4 ,?is v>iety is wan+ be=e ! ,cu?b]t--a l>g] & mu* bett] b]ry4 ,! ,turn] is ano!r ( ?is class1 &1 9 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d[n+'s op9ion1 is ! be/ ( !m4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,b4 ,turn]1 ( ,ill9ois1 & is a great favorite 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,we/4 ,x has behav$ well on my place = sev]al ye>s1 & ,i am /eadily increas+ my /ock ( x4 ,i reg>d x z ! h>die/ raspb]ry 9 cultivation1 & a w9t] mu/ be sev]e1 inde$1 t injures x4 ,l ! ,cresc5t ,se$l+ /rawb]ry1 x w gr[ any:]e1 & "u almo/ any conditions4 ,! lazie/ man on ! cont95t c h its fruit 9 abundance1 if he c mu/] suffici5t _s to put out a few roots1 & hoe out all ! suck]s except five or six 9 ! hill4 ,x is e>ly1 & 9 flavor surpasses all ( its class2 ! fruit is only mod]ately firm4 ,plant a few 9 "s out-(-!-way place1 & x w give ! l>ge/ return = ! lea/ am\nt ( labor ( any k9d ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,! canes are v vigor\s1 ( a gold5 r$di%-br[n1 l mahogany1 ov] :i* spreads 9 _m places a purple bloom1 l t on a grape1 & :i* rubs (f at ! t\*4 ,x is almo/ free f sp9es1 & s closely resembles ! ,s\!rn ,?ornless 9 all respects t ,i _c di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,! ,turn] is a f9e example ( ! result ( p]si/5t well-do+4 ,aft] hav+ be5 treat$ slight+ly & writt5 d[n at ! ,ea/ = t5 ye>s or m1 x is n[ /eadily w9n+ its way t[>d ! front rank4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 :o has tri$ mo/ ( ! old] v>ieties1 says t he keeps a pat* ( x = 8 own use1 because x gives s mu* good fruit ) s little tr\ble4 ,i %all give its orig9 9 ,pr(essor ,turn]'s own words1 z f> z possible3 ,soon aft] ,i came to ,ill9ois1 9 #ahcc1 ,i obta9$1 ?r\gh a fri5d f ! ,ea/1 "s raspb]ries sold to me z ! ',r$ ,antw]p4' ,i d n "k or believe t !re 0 at t "t any o!r r$ raspb]ry )9 "o hundr$ miles ( ?is place4 ,inde$1 ,i h nev] se5 a native wild r$ raspb]ry 9 ! ,/ate1 ?\gh x may be !re are "s4 ,i f\nd ! ,antw]p w\ld n /& our climate1 b by extreme c>e ,i protect$ x "o w9t]1 & x bore "s fruit4 ,i conceiv$ ! idea ( amus+ my leisure h\rs f college duty by rais+ new se$l+ raspb]ries1 /rawb]ries1 etc41 t w\ld be adapt$ to ! climate ( ! ,/ate4 ,i _h only a small g>d5 spot1 no p>ticul> k ( ! bus9ess1 & no int]e/ 9 x outside ( ! public good4 ,i read ^u ! subject1 z f> z ,i !n c\ld1 & plant$ & nurs$ my se$l+s4 ,out ( hundr$s or ?\s&s s[n1 ,i got "o good e>ly /rawb]ry1 :i* _h a local run = a "t2 "o fair blackb]ry1 b no grapes or raspb]ries t seem$ wor? any?+4 ,! se$s ( ! raspb]ries 7 s[n 9 a b$ back ( my h\se1 & ! %oots res]v$ 7 all nurtur$ on ! same b$4 ,aft] ,i suppos$ !m to be a failure1 ,i set out an arbor vitae h$ge directly across ! raspb]ry b$1 mak+ "s ef=t to de/roy ! canes s t ! little c$>s might gr[4 ,sometimes1 :5 !y 7 9 ! way ( ! c$>s !y 7 ho$ out4 ,if any ( !m bore b]ries1 ! f[ls d\btless de/roy$ !m1 or ! *ildr5 ate !m be=e !y rip5$1 until ! c$>s got s high z to give !m protection4 ,!n ! *ildr5 f\nd ! ripe fruit1 & report$ x to me4 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt b ?is raspb]ry came f a se$ ( ! plants obta9$ f ! ,ea/ z ! ,r$ ,antw]p4 ,! orig9al canes may h be5 false to "n1 or a mixture ( ! true & false4 ,:atev] !y 71 !y bore good1 r$ b]ries1 :i* ,i suppos$ to be ,antw]ps2 b ! canes 7 s t5d] z to be wor?less4 ,x is :olly impossible t ! new v>iety %\ld h come f any o!r se$ ?an t s[n by me :]e ! vitae h$ge n[ /&s4 ,?is lett] is v int]e/+ 9 %[+ h[ curi\sly "s ( our be/ v>ieties orig9ate4 ,moreov]1 x sugge/s a dilemma4 ,h[ is x possible t an ,antw]p--"o ( ! mo/ t5d] v>ieties--c\ld h be5 ! p>5t ( ! h>die/ kn[n raspb]ry8 ,h[ c\ld a sort hav+ e *>act]i/ic ( our native ,r4 ,/rigosus spr+ direct f ,r4 ,idoeus8 ,i h be5 famili> ) ! ,antw]ps all my life1 & c see no trace ( !m 9 ?is h>dy b]ry4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] writes to me1 ,! ,turn] is a true native--,r4 ,/rigosus2 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,d[n+ holds ! same op9ion4 ,h5ce ,i am l$ to believe t !re 0 a native v>iety among ! plants ! pr(essor obta9$ f ! ,ea/1 or t a se$ ( a native 0 dropp$ among ! c$>s by a bird1 or br\ght ?i!r 9 ! roots ( ! c$>s4 ,be ?is z x may1 ,pr(essor ,turn]'s good motives h be5 rew>d$ & he has giv5 ! public an excell5t raspb]ry4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 ,mr4 ,full] add$ ! foll[+ fact1 :i* op5s to ! amateur a v int]e/+ field = exp]im5t3 ,if !re is any d\bt 9 reg>d to su* matt]s1 raise a few se$l+s ( ! v>iety1 & if x is a cross or hybrid1 a "p ( ! se$l+s w rev]t back to ea* p>5t1 or s ne> !m t !re w be no difficulty 9 det]m9+ t !re 0 a mixture ( blood4 ,if all our s-call$ hybrid fruits 7 ?us te/$1 we w\ld !n "k m ( _! true p>5tage4 ,9 ! sunny laboratory ( ! g>d51 !re=e1 ,nature's *emi/ry w resolve ^! juicy comp\nds back into _! orig9al con/itu5ts4 ,! ,highl& ,h>dy1 or ,native1 also belongs to ?is species1 & is q a favorite /ill 9 "s localities2 b x has _h its day1 ,i ?9k4 ,its extreme e>l9ess has made x pr(itable 9 "s regions2 b its s(tness1 small size & wret*$ flavor %\ld bani% x f cultivation z soon z possible4 ,!re are o!rs1 l ! ,?wack1 ,pe>l1 & ,bri/ol2 !y are b second rate1 be+ inf]ior 9 mo/ regions to ! ,br&yw9e1 :i* !y resemble4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! *ief value ( ,r4 ,/rigosus is to be f\nd 9 two facts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y endure ! sev]e ,nor!rn w9t]s1 &--:at is ( f> m consequ5ce--_! be/ repres5tatives ?rive 9 light soils1 & _! t\gh foliage does n burn "u ! hot sun4 ,x ?us becomes ! "o species ( r$ raspb]ry t c be rais$ successfully 9 ! ,s\?1 & f x1 z a h>dy /ock1 we %\ld seek to develop ! raspb]ries ( ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,rubus ,,occid5talis--,,black-,,cap ,,& ,,purple ,,cane ,,raspb]ries ,we n[ turn to ! o!r great ,am]ican species--,rubus ,occid5talis--! well-kn[n black-cap1 or ?imble b]ry1 t is f\nd along almo/ e roadside & f5ce 9 ! l&4 ,!re are few little p :o h n /a9$ _! lips & f+]s1 n to m5tion _! clo!s1 ) ?is homely favorite4 ,i c recall ! days :51 to ! horror ( ! laundress1 ,i fill$ my pockets ) ! juicy caps4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to recall its long1 rambl+1 purple %oots1 its light-gre5 foliage1 silv]y on ! "u side1 its %>p & abundant sp9es1 f :i* we h receiv$ _m a vici\s scrat*4 ,its cultivation is s simple t x may be sugge/$ 9 a few s5t5ces4 ,x does n produce suck]s1 l ,r4 ,/rigosus1 b ! tips ( ! droop+ bran*es root !mselves 9 ! soil dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 =m+ "y plants4 ,^!1 plant$1 produce a vigor\s bu% ! fir/ ye> t be>s ! second season1 & !n dies d[n to ! p]5nial root1 z is ! case ) all raspb]ries4 ,usually1 ! tips ( ! "y canes w take root1 if left to !mselves1 unless :ipp$ ab\t by ! w9d4 ,if new plants 9 abundance are desir$1 x is be/ to assi/ ,nature1 h[ev]1 by plac+ a little e>? on ! tip j aft] x beg9s to enl>ge slightly1 ?us %[+ x is ready to take root4 ,?is labor is quickly p]=m$ by ?r[+ a h&ful or two ( e>? on ! tips ) a tr[el4 ,! tips d n all mature = propagation at "o "t2 !re=e1 x is well to g ov] ! plantation e two weeks aft] ! middle ( ,augu/ & cov] lightly ) e>? only su* z are enl>g$4 ,if cov]$ be=e ?is sign ( read9ess appe>s1 ! tip m]ely decays4 ,if a v>iety is v sc>ce1 we may cov] n only ! tips1 b also mu* ( ! cane1 lightly--an in* or two--) e>?1 & ea* bud w ev5tually make a plant4 ,?is %\ld n be done1 h[ev]1 until ! wood is well rip5$1 say ab\t ! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,?r[ a few leaves ov] su* lay]$ canes 9 ,novemb]1 & divide ! buds & roots into sep>ate plants e>ly 9 spr+4 ,!y w probably be s small z to ne$ a ye> 9 ! nurs]y r[4 ,sometimes1 aft] ! fir/ tip is root$1 buds a little above x w pu% into %oots :i* also w root !mselves ) slight assi/ance1 & ?us ! numb] ( new plants is greatly increas$4 ,spr+ is by f> ! be/ "t1 at ! ,nor?1 = plant+ ^! root$ tips2 b x %\ld be done z e>ly z possible1 be=e ! bud has />t$ into its brittle1 succul5t gr[?4 ,at ! ,s\?1 ,novemb] is probably ! be/ season = plant+4 ,x is a species t adapts itself to mo/ soils1 ev5 ! lighte/1 & endures mu* neglect4 ,at ! same "t1 x responds g5]\sly to good culture & rigor\s prun+1 & if moi/ure is abundant ! yield is simply enorm\s4 ,x n only ?rives f> to ! nor?1 b c also be gr[n fur!r s\? ?an any o!r class ( raspb]ries4 ,9 plant+1 spread out ! roots & let !m g d[n _! full l5g?1 b d n put ov] an in* or two ( soil on ! bud f :i* ! new canes are to spr+4 ,press ! e>? firmly ar\nd ?is bud1 b n on x4 ,let ! r[s be six feet ap>t1 & ! plants ?ree feet f ea* o!r 9 ! r[2 at ?is di/ance1 #b1djj w be requir$ = an acre4 ,summ] p9*+ back w trans=m ^! sprawl+1 droop+ canes into compact1 /ocky bu%es1 or ornam5tal %rubs t 9 %elt]$ locations w be self-support+4 ,clean culture1 &1 z ! plantation gr[s old]1 high] /imulation1 greatly enhance success4 ,aft] ! plants beg9 to %[ signs ( age & feebl5ess1 x is be/ to set out "y plants on new gr\nd4 ,! v>ieties ( ?is species are almo/ innum]able1 s9ce se$l+s come up by ! million e ye>2 b ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! majority ( !m are usually v slight4 ,!re are f\r k9ds1 h[ev]1 t h won honorable di/9ction & j popul>ity4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! is ,davidson's ,?ornless1 said to h orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,mrs4 ,m]cy ,davidson1 ,t[&a1 ,erie ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,x is no?+ l s vigor\s a gr[] z ! o!r ?ree v>ieties2 b ! sweetness ( ! fruit & ! fre$om f ?orns make x desirable = ! home g>d54 ,unless high culture or moi/ soil is giv51 ,i d n recomm5d x = m>ket4 ,next 9 ord] ( rip5+ is ! ,doolittle1 or ,am]ican ,improv$1 f\nd gr[+ wild1 ab\t ?irty-five ye>s s9ce1 by ,le&] ,joslyn1 ( ,phelps1 ,ont>io ,co41 ,n4,y41 & introduc$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,doolittle4 ,?is1 hi!rto1 has be5 ! mo/ popul> ( all ! species1 & ?\s&s ( bu%els are annually rais$ = m>ket4 ,! plant is exce$+ly vigor\s1 produc+ /rong1 bran*+ canes t lit]ally cov] !mselves ) fruit4 ,i h se5 long r[s fairly black ) caps4 ,p]haps x %\ld be /at$ t ! ?orns are vigor\s also4 ,late/ 9 rip5+ is ! ,mammo? ,clu/]1 or ,mc,cormick1 :i*1 ?us f>1 has be5 my favorite4 ,x is ev5 m vigor\s ?an ! prec$+1 b n s bri]y or bran*+4 ,! fruit is produc$ usually 9 a ?ick clu/] or bun* at ! end ( ! bran*1 & !y rip5 m toge!r ?an ! o!r k9ds4 ,! caps1 too1 are mu* l>g]1 m juicy & f9e-flavor$4 ,"o is less consci\s ( ! se$s4 ,betwe5 ! ?umb & f+] y c (t5 ga!r a h&ful f a s+le spray1 x is s prodigi\sly productive4 ,?us f> x has be5 unsurpass$1 ei!r = home use or m>ket2 b n[ x is enc\nt]+ a rival 9 ! ,gregg1 a new v>iety t is attract+ mu* att5tion4 ,its hi/ory1 z f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n x1 is z foll[s3 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,june1 #ahff1 ?is black raspb]ry 0 f\nd gr[+ wild 9 a rav9e on ! ,gregg f>m1 :i* is locat$ 9 ,ohio ,co41 ,indiana4 ,! orig9al bu% 0 b5d+ "u ! weight ( colossal-siz$ clu/]s4 ,x 0 !n a s+le clump1 surr\nd$ by a few "y plants gr[+ f its tips4 ,be=e introduc+ x to ! public1 we gave x a mo/ ?or\gh & complete trial4 ,we h put x on ! tables ( "s ( ! mo/ prom95t horticultural societies1 & by ea* x has be5 vot$ ! highe/ rank 9 _! fruit li/s4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 at ,philadelphia1 9 competition ) all ! prom95t v>ieties 9 ! _w1 x 0 rank$ highe/ by ! judges4 ,dur+ elev5 ye>s ( obs]vation x has surviv$ ! colde/ w9t]s1 & nev] fail$ to yield an abundant crop4 ,x is a vigor\s1 rapid gr[]1 produc+ /rong1 well-matur$ canes by fall4 ,! fruit is beautiful 9 appe>ance1 delici\s1 possess+ excell5t %ipp+ & keep+ qualities4 ,! above is a mild & cond5s$ /atem5t ( its claims1 z set =? by ,messrs4 ,r4 ,p4 ,gregg1 proprietors ( ! ,gregg f>m1 & ,i believe ^! g5tlem5 h giv5 a correct acc\nt ( _! exp]i5ce4 ,z ! result ( mu* inquiry1 x w\ld appe> t ?is v>iety is also do+ well ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,mr4 ,n4 ,ohm]1 :o has be5 mo/ prom95t 9 introduc+ ! ,gregg1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) x3 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,indiana ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 held at ,indianapolis1 a g5tleman ask$ = ! privilege ( mak+ "s rem>ks ab\t a new black raspb]ry t he 0 cultivat+4 ,be+ pretty long-w9d$1 z mo/ lawy]s are1 he spoke s long1 & said s mu* 9 favor ( 8 b]ry1 t no "o believ$ him1 & 7 glad :5 he got ?r\gh4 ,! summ] foll[+1 ,i *anc$ to call on ! ,secret>y ( ! ,indiana ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 9 ! ,capitol build+1 & 0 surpris$ to see on 8 table ab\t half a peck ( b]ries & an armful ( canes load$ ) ! l>ge/1 h&some/1 & be/ black raspb]ries ,i _h ev] se54 ,mr4 ,h]ron1 ! ,secret>y1 in=m$ me t !y 7 gr[n by ,messrs4 ,r4 ,p4 ,gregg4 ,i obta9$ two hundr$ plants1 a few ( :i* bore fruit s f9e1 ! foll[+ season1 t all :o saw x want$ plants4 ,x 0 le>n$ t ,mr4 ,gregg 0 ! lawy] :o 0 ?\ght long-w9d$1 & _m :o !n yawn$ h s9ce ?\ght1 no d\bt1 t !y might h li/5$ ) mu* pr(it1 = ! dem& = ! plants has become great] ?an ! supply4 ,only "t c %[ :e!r ! ,gregg is to sup]s$e ! ,mammo? ,clu/]4 ,i obs]ve t vet]an fruit gr[]s are v cons]vative1 & by no means ha/y to give a newcom] ! place t a f9e old v>iety has won by ye>s ( excell5ce 9 ne>ly all div]sities ( soil & climate4 ,! ,gregg c]ta9ly promises rem>kably well1 & ,mr4 ,?omas ,meehan1 editor ( ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 :o is well kn[n to be exce$+ly c>eful & consci5ti\s 9 indors+ new fruits1 writes3 ,we believe ?is v>iety is g5]ally l>g] ?an any o!r ( its k9d yet kn[n4 ,!re are _m o!r c&idates = favor1 b ?us f> !y are untri$1 or h n prov$ !mselves equal to ! k9ds ,i h nam$4 ,q a di/9ct bran* ( ,r4 ,occid5talis is ! ,purple ,cane family--s nam$1 ,i ?9k1 f ! purple cane raspb]ry t 0 s well kn[n 9 old g>d5s a few ye>s ago1 b s9ce x has be5 sup]s$$ by bett] k9ds is n[ fa/ pass+ out ( cultivation4 ,x almo/ took c>e ( itself 9 our home g>d5 = =ty ye>s or m1 & its s(t1 small b]ries w\ld melt 9 "o's m\?4 ,its canes 7 smoo? & its fruit ( a dusky-r$ color4 ,9 o!r respects1 x resembles ! black-cap tribe4 ,! ,catawissa1 f\nd gr[+ 9 a ,p5nsylvania gravey>d1 is ano!r b]ry ( ?is class1 :i* produces a second crop 9 autumn4 ,x is t5d] 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & has nev] become popul>4 ,! ,philadelphia is ! be/ kn[n ( ! class1 & at "o "t 0 imm5sely popul>4 ,its canes are smoo?1 /\t1 erect 9 gr[?1 & enorm\sly productive ( m$ium-siz$1 r\nd1 dusky-r$ b]ries ( v poor flavor4 ,x ?rove s well on ! light soils ab\t ,philadelphia1 t x 0 h]ald$ to ! skies1 & ! plants sold at "o "t z high z #dj p] #ajj1 b ! inf]ior flavor & unattractive appe>ance ( ! fruit caus$ x to decl9e /eadily 9 favor1 & n[ x has b few fri5ds4 ,unlike o!rs ( its class1 x does n root f ! tips1 b propagates itself by suck]s1 produc+ !m sp>+ly1 h[ev]4 ,:5 x 0 9 su* great dem&1 ! nurs]ym5 increas$ x by root cutt+s1 =c$ "u glass4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,raspb]ries ,,( ,,! ,,future ,we n[ come to a class t are de/9$1 ,i ?9k1 to be ! raspb]ries ( ! future1 or1 at lea/1 a type ( !m4 ,i ref] to ! se$l+s ( ! ?ree orig9al species t h be5 describ$4 ,z a rule 7hav+ exceptions ( c\rse71 ^! native se$l+ v>ieties are comp>atively h>dy1 & adapt$ to ! climate ( ,am]ica4 ,?is adaptation applies to ! ,s\? 9 ! proportion t !y possess ! qualities ( ! ,rubus ,/rigosus or ,occid5talis4 ,to ! degree t ! =eign elem5t ( ,r4 ,idoeus exi/s1 !y w1 ) a few exceptions1 require w9t] protection1 & w be unable to ?rive 9 light soils & "u hot suns4 ,=getfulness ( ?is pr9ciple is (t5 ! cause ( mu* misappreh5sion & undiscrim9at+ c5sure4 ,i h kn[n c]ta9 ,new ,j]sey fruit gr[]s to condemn a v>iety unsp>+ly4 ,w\ld x n be m s5sible to say x belongs to ! ,r4 ,idoeus class1 &1 !re=e1 is n adapt$ to our climate & light soil1 b 9 high] latitudes & on heavy l& x may prove "o ( ! be/8 ,x %\ld "h be premis$ t ^! se$l+s orig9at$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,p]haps !y are ! product solely ( our native species1 or !y may result f cross+ v>ieties ( ,r4 ,idoeus1 9 :i* case !y w exhibit ! *>act]i/ics ( ! =eign species2 or1 f9ally1 f ! =eign & our native species may be produc$ a hybrid t w comb9e traits ( ea* l9e ( its l9eage4 ,a conspicu\s example ( ! second /atem5t may be se5 9 ,br9kle's ,orange1 orig9at$ by ,dr4 ,br9kle _m ye>s ago4 ,x is ess5tially an ,antw]p 9 "*1 & yet x is m vigor\s1 & adapt$ to a wid] range ( c\ntry ?an ! ,antw]p4 ,! b]ry is ( a beautiful buff color1 & its delici\s flavor is ! accept$ /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 x is well kn[n t x w n ?rive "u hot suns or ^u light l&4 ,x c be rais$ s\? ( ,new ,york only 9 cool1 moi/ soils1 & 9 half-%ady locations2 b at ! ,nor?1 :]e ! conditions ( gr[? are favorable1 x produces /rong bran*+ canes1 cov]$ ) :ite sp9es1 & is exce$+ly productive ( l>ge1 light-color$ b]ries t melt on ! tongue4 ,!re is ! same diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! ,br&yw9e t exi/s betwe5 ,/[ell's ,ev]gre5 & fl9t field corn4 ,x inv>iably requires w9t] protection4 ,! ,pride ( ! ,hudson possesses ! same g5]al "* z ! ,orange1 & approa*es x v ne>ly 9 excell5ce4 ,x c]ta9ly is ! l>ge/1 mo/ beautiful r$ raspb]ry n[ be=e ! public2 b 9 its lat] developm5t x has %[n su* s5sitiv5ess to bo? heat & cold t ,i _c recomm5d x = g5]al cultivation4 ,give x a moi/ soil & a half-%ady location1 su* z may be f\nd on ! nor!rn side ( a f5ce or h$ge1 & x w become ! pride ( any nor!rn g>d52 b 9 ! ,s\?1 & on light soils1 x c sc>cely live4 ,x %\ld h w9t] protection4 ,9 contra/ ) ^! native b]ries ( =eign p>5tage1 we h ! ,h]/9e2 ,mr4 ,b4 ,k4 ,bliss1 ! well-kn[n se$sman ( ,new ,york ,city1 k9dly furni%es me ! foll[+ facts ( its hi/ory3 ,ab\t t5 ye>s s9ce ,i 0 invit$1 ) sev]al g5tlem5 7mo/ly horticulturi/s71 to visit ! late ,mr4 ,h]/9e1 at ,philadelphia4 ,we 7 to exam9e a lot ( se$l+ raspb]ries1 & select names = ^? t we ?\ght wor?y ( g5]al cultivation4 ,we f\nd q a company !re f ! vic9ity ( ,philadelphia & f ,wa%+ton1 :ile ,new ,york 0 repres5t$ by su* em95t au?orities z ,dr4 ,?urb] & ,a4 ,s4 ,full]4 ,! raspb]ry bu%es 7 completely load$ ) l>ge f9e fruit--! f9e/ ,i ev] saw4 ,ea* v>iety 0 c>efully exam9$1 & ! gue/s vot$ z to :i*1 9 8 op9ion1 0 ! be/4 ,! ,h]/9e /ood fir/ & ! ,saund]s second4 ,mr4 ,h]/9e expla9$ t !y 7 rais$ f ! ,all5 raspb]ry1 :i* _h be5 plant$ 9 alt]nate r[s ) ! ,philadelphia4 ,?is p>5tage w\ld make x a hybrid ( ! ,r4 ,/rigosus & ! purple cane bran* ( ! ,r4 ,occid5talis species2 b ! plant & fruit indicate ! pres5ce1 also1 ( ! ,r4 ,ide\s elem5t4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s' exp]i5ce on my own place1 ,i reg>d x z ! be/ e>ly raspb]ry 9 exi/5ce4 ,! b]ry is l>ge1 obtusely conical1 bright r$1 & delici\s 9 flavor4 ,x is sc>cely firm en\gh = m>ket :]e x mu/ be s5t any great di/ance1 b if pick$ promptly aft] x r$d5s1 & pack$ 9 a cool1 airy place1 x c>ries well & br+s good prices4 ,! canes are /rong1 r$1 /ocky1 & cov]$ ) sp9es4 ,!y are b half-h>dy1 & ,i ?9k x is be/ to cov] !m be=e ! fir/ ( ,decemb]1 9 our latitude4 ,! canes ( ! ,saund]s1 also s5t out by ,mr4 ,h]/9e1 are mu* d>k] 9 color1 & n s vigor\s1 b suffici5tly s4 ,! b]ries are l>ge1 rip5 lat]1 are m globul>1 & are ( ! same excell5t quality4 ,x des]ves great] popul>ity ?an x has receiv$4 ,x is1 also1 only half-h>dy4 ,9 ! ,cl>ke1 we und\bt$ly h a v>iety conta9+ consid]able ( ! ,r4 ,idoeus elem5t4 ,! b]ries are (t5 v l>ge1 bright crimson1 conical1 ) l>ge1 hairy gra9s4 ,occasionally1 ! fruit on my v9es 0 v imp]fect1 & crumbl$ badly 9 pick+4 ,i f\nd t by cutt+ ! canes rigor\sly back--ev5 "o-half--,i obta9$ mu* l>g] & m p]fect b]ries1 & 9 increas$ quantities4 ,! canes are v /rong1 upright gr[]s1 end+ usually 9 a ?ick tuft ( foliage1 r ?an 9 long1 droop+ tips4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,cl>ke1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 & is b half-h>dy4 ,9 ! ,new ,ro*elle1 we h a hybrid ( ! black-cap & r$ raspb]ry1 ! ,r4 ,occid5talis elem5t pr$om9at+1 & manife/+ itself 9 ! /ocky & bran*+ "* ( ! canes1 & 9 ! fact t !y propagate !mselves by tips1 & n suck]s4 ,! ,new ,ro*elle1 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,c>p5t]1 ( ,rye1 ,n4,y41 is p]haps ! be/ ( ?is class4 ,x is v vigor\s1 h>dy1 & enorm\sly productive1 & ! fruit is ( good size4 ,i d n l its %>p acid1 h[ev]1 & its dun or dusky-br[n color w probably prev5t x f becom+ a favorite 9 m>ket1 s9ce bright-hu$ b]ries are ju/ly mu* pref]r$4 ,b ,mr4 ,c>p5t] has s5t out ano!r se$l+ :i*1 ,i ?9k1 is de/9$ to h a brilliant future--! ,c>ol9e1 ,x is ?\ght to be a cross betwe5 ! ,catawissa & ,br9kle's ,orange4 ,! canes are p]fectly h>dy1 v /rong1 vigor\s1 bran*+1 light-r$1 ) a light] bloom ^u !m "h & !re4 ,x suck]s freely1 & also propagates itself sp>+ly f ! tips4 ,! fruit is exce$+ly abundant & is a r\nd cap ( a beautiful buff color1 almo/ equall+ ,br9kle's ,orange 9 flavor4 ,i ?9k x w gr[ any:]e1 & ?us w f9d a place 9 innum]able g>d5s :]e ! ,orange does n ?rive4 ,at ! same "t1 x is good en\gh = any g>d54 ,! ,gan>gua 0 said to be a hybrid1 b ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,?omas writes to me3 ,i h nev] be5 able to discov] pro( t x is "o4 ,i ?9k x all ,r4 ,occid5talis--a v>iety4 ,! ,reliance1 a se$l+ ( ! ,philadelphia1 b f> sup]ior to x1 is do+ rem>kably well on my place1 & ,i he> favorable acc\nts f o!r localities4 ,!re are _m o!rs t are ei!r old & pass+ into obscurity or else s new & dubi\s 9 "* t limit$ space =bids _! m5tion4 ,we w close ?is sket* ( v>ieties ) ! ,cu?b]t1 :i* t exp]i5c$ & c>eful horticulturi/1 ,dr4 ,hexam]1 calls ! be/ raspb]ry n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,?is is a *ance se$l+1 :i* ! late ,?omas ,cu?b]t f\nd 9 8 g>d51 at ,riv]dale1 ,n4,y4 ,8 son has k9dly furni%$ ! foll[+ facts3 ,! raspb]ry 9 "q 0 discov]$ by my fa!r ab\t elev5 ye>s ago 9 ! g>d5 ( our c\ntry seat at ,riv]dale-on-!-,hudson4 ,x is probably a se$l+ ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p1 z x 0 f\nd gr[+ ne> ! edge ( a pat* ( t v>iety1 b its great vigor ( gr[? & ! size & quality ( ! fruit m>k$ x at once z a new & di/9ct k9d4 ,its canes 7 c>efully sep>at$ f ! o!rs & a small plantation made ( !m4 ,! next ye>1 & f "t to "t s9ce1 plants 7 giv5 to our fri5ds 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,/ate = trial4 ,)\t exception1 _! reports h be5 favorable1 p>ticul> m5tion hav+ be5 made ( _! unusual vigor ( gr[?1 _! h>d9ess1 & ! firmness & good keep+ qualities ( ! fruit4 ,! fir/ ye> or s we gave ! canes w9t] protection1 b f9d+ t x 0 unnecess>y1 we h discont9u$ x1 & ,i h nev] he>d ( ! canes be+ w9t]-kill$4 ,f o!r s\rces ,i le>n t ,mr4 ,cu?b]t made an arrangem5t ) a nurs]yman by ! "n ( ,?ompson1 to propagate & s5d out ! v>iety4 ,?is g5tleman dy+ soon aft]1 ! /ock came into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,corson1 ( ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,n4,y41 & by him & ,mr4 ,i4 ,j4 ,simonson1 a flori/1 ! plants h be5 s5t out to diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is dissem9ation 0 v limit$1 & 0 *>act]iz$ by an almo/ utt] abs5ce ( h]ald+ & extravagant praise4 ,! b]ry has lit]ally made its way on its own m]its4 ,dr4 ,hexam] rem>k$ to me t he _h _h x = ye>s1 & _h wond]$ :y its m]its 7 s ov]look$4 ,my att5tion 0 call$ to x 9 ! summ] ( #ahgh1 & ,i took pa9s to see x 9 sev]al localities4 ,! l>ge size ( ! b]ries1 _! firmness & f9e flavor1 conv9c$ me t x 0 v valuable1 & ! fact t ,i f\nd x fl\ri%+ luxuriantly on ,new ,j]sey s&1 & ma9ta9+ a p]fectly heal?ful foliage "u an ,augu/ sun1 l$ me to believe t we _h at la/ f\nd a fir/-class v>iety t w\ld ?rive on light soils & "u hot suns4 ,! late ,w4 ,c4 ,bryant1 ! poet1 himself well v]s$ 9 horticulture1 clos$ a lett] to me ) ! foll[+ words3 ,x has always seem$ to me a sc&al to our horticulture t 9 a region :]e ! raspb]ry gr[s wild1 we %\ld n h a sort t w\ld resi/ bo? ! w9t] cold & summ] heat1 & produce abundantly4 ,aft] ano!r ye> ( obs]vation & ( mu* correspond5ce1 ext5d+ ev5 to ,cali=nia1 ,i am conv9c$ t ! ,cu?b]t does resi/ bo? ! w9t] cold & summ] heat1 & produce abundantly1 f> bett] ?an any o!r raspb]ry t equals x 9 size & flavor4 ,! canes are /rong1 upright1 bran*+1 if space p]mits1 r$di%-br[n1 sp9es abundant1 b n v long & h>%4 ,x is a rampant gr[] on good soil1 b ! foliage1 s f> f be+ rank & l>ge1 is delicate1 & ! "u side ( ! leaves has a light1 silv]y hue4 ,aft] once gett+ hold ( ! soil1 x suck]s immod]ately1 b is no worse 9 ?is respect ?an o!r vigor\s v>ieties2 & ?is t5d5cy rapidly decl9es aft] ! second ye>4 ,is x p]fectly h>dy8 ,no2 & ,i d n "k ( a s+le good raspb]ry t is2 except1 p]haps1 ! ,turn]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is inf]ior to ! ,cu?b]t4 ,i h se5 ! latt] badly w9t]-kill$1 b x _h /ood eight ye>s on ! same gr\nd )\t injury be=e4 ,!n1 because ( a rank gr[? late 9 ! season1 t especial pat* 0 hit h>d1 :ile o!r fields1 b a few miles away1 7 unh>m$4 ,if plant$ on well-dra9$ soil1 :]e ! wood c\ld rip5 well1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be injur$ v r>ely1 if ev]2 b ,i h no fai? 9 talk ab\t p]fectly h>dy raspb]ries4 ,^? :o obs]ve closely w (t5 f9d our h>dy native species kill$ to ! gr\nd1 & ,i ?9k _m v>ieties suff] m f ! mild1 v>iable w9t]s ( ! ,middle ,/ates ?an f ! /eady cold & sn[y w9t]s ( ! ,nor?4 ,moreov]1 any v>iety t has n ! p[] ( ma9ta9+ a heal?y foliage ?r\gh ! hot season w usually be too feeble to resi/ ! w9t] foll[+4 ,! "q ( h>d9ess c (t5 be settl$ bett] 9 ,augu/ ?an 9 ,janu>y4 ,"o ( ! mo/ hopeful features ( ! ,cu?b]t1 !re=e1 is its t\gh1 sun-endur+ foliage1 :i* enables ! wood to rip5 p]fectly4 ,x has nev] receiv$ w9t] protection ?us f>1 ei!r 9 ?is region or 9 ,mi*igan1 :]e x is l>gely rais$1 b x may be f\nd necess>y to %ield x some:at 9 "s localities4 ,x is bo? absurd & di%one/ to claim p]fection = a fruit1 & ! ,cu?b]t1 especially z x gr[s old] & loses some?+ ( its pri/9e vigor1 w1 probably1 l all o!r v>ieties1 develop faults & weaknesses4 ,we _c too mu* deprecate ! arrogant _s (t5 manife/$ 9 introduc+ new fruits4 ,int]e/$ p>ties insi/ on b\ndless praise1 & if _! advice 7 foll[$1 ! f9e old /&>ds w\ld be pl[$ out to make room = a newcom] t (t5 proves1 on trial1 little bett] ?an a we$4 ,! ,cu?b]t is n exactly a novelty4 ,?r\gh ! gifts ( ! orig9ator1 & sales runn+ ?r\gh sev]al ye>s1 x has become widely scatt]$1 & has prov$ a success 9 e in/ance1 z f> z ,i c le>n4 ,i %[ my fai? 9 x by my works1 = ,i am sett+ x out m l>gely ?an all o!r k9ds toge!r1 ev5 go+ s f> z to r5t l& = ! purpose4 ,i am satisfi$1 f frequ5t inquiries 9 ,wa%+ton ,m>ket1 t x w take ! lead ( all o!rs1 & x is s firm t x c be %ipp$ by rail1 l a ,wilson /rawb]ry4 ,9 ,delaw>e & ,s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 a v>iety nam$ ,que5 ( ! ,m>ket is be+ l>gely set out4 ,i h ?is v>iety 9 my specim5-b$1 side by side ) plants t came f ,?omas ,cu?b]t's g>d51 & am almo/ satisfi$ t !y are id5tical1 & t ,que5 ( ! ,m>ket is b a synonym ( ! ,cu?b]t4 ,i h plac$ ! canes & sp9es ( ea* "u a p[]ful microscope & c detect no diff]5ces1 & ! fruit also appe>$ s mu* alike t ,i c\ld n see :]e9 x v>i$4 ,plants ( ?is v>iety 7 s5t to ,delaw>e "s ye>s s9ce z !y 7 to ,mi*igan & ,cali=nia1 &1 :]ev] te/$1 !y seem to w9 /rong & imm$iate favor4 ,its *ief fault 9 ?is locality is its lat5ess4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,blackb]ries--,,v>ieties1 ,,cultivation1 ,,etc4 ,! small-fruit bran* ( ! rose family is assur$ly entitl$ to respect :5 x is rememb]$ t ! blackb]ry is ! blacke/ %eep 9 x4 ,unlike ! raspb]ry1 ! drupes cl+ to ! receptacle1 :i* falls (f ) !m :5 mature1 & =ms ! h>d1 disagreeable core :5 ! b]ry is black1 b (t5 only half ripe4 ,! bu% is1 9 tru?1 :at ! anci5ts call$ x--a bramble1 & "o ( our ,highl& wildcats c\ld sc>cely scrat* m vici\sly ?an x1 if treat$ too famili>ly2 b1 ) judici\s respect & good managem5t1 x w yield l>ge & beautiful b]ries4 ,x w\ld seem t ,nature _h giv5 h] m9d m to blackb]ries ?an to /rawb]ries1 =1 in/ead ( m]ely five1 %e has scatt]$ ab\t #aej species up & d[n ! globe4 ,to describe all ^! w\ld be a ?orny exp]i5ce inde$1 robb+ ! read] ( 8 pati5ce z completely z he w\ld be b]eft ( 8 clo?+ %\ld he lit]ally attempt to g ?r\gh !m all4 ,!re=e1 ,i %all give ,pr(essor ,gray's description ( ! two species :i* h furni%$ our few really good v>ieties1 & dismiss ) m]e m5tion a few o!r species4 ,rubus ,villosus1 ,high ,blackb]ry4 ,ev]y:]e along ?ickets1 f5ce-r[s1 etc41 & sev]al v>ieties cultivat$2 /ems "o to six feet high1 furr[$2 prickles /rong & hook$2 leaflets ?ree to five1 ovate or lance-ovate1 po9t$1 _! l[] surface & /alks hairy & gl&ul>1 ! middle "o long-/alk$ & sometimes he>t-%ap$2 fl[]s racem$1 r l>ge1 ) %ort bracts2 fruit oblong or cyl9drical4 ,r4 ,canad5sis1 ,l[ ,blackb]ry or ,dewb]ry4 ,rocky & s&y soil2 long trail+1 slightly prickly1 smoo? or smoo?i%1 & ) ?ree to sev5 small] leaflets ?an 9 ! =ego+1 ! racemes ( fl[]s ) m leaf-l bracts1 ! fruit ( few] gra9s & rip5+ e>li]4 ,! ,r4 ,cuneifolius1 or ,s& ,blackb]ry1 is common 9 ! s&y gr\nd & b>r5s f ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d2 ! ,r4 ,trivialis1 ,s\!rn ,l[ ,blackb]ry1 is f\nd 9 light soils f ,virg9ia s\?w>d2 ! ,r4 ,hispidus is a ,runn+ ,swamp ,blackb]ry ^: long1 sl5d] /ems creep ?r\gh l[1 damp woods & m>%es2 ! ,r4 ,spectabilis produces purple solit>y fl[]s1 & gr[s on ! banks ( ! ,columbia ,riv] 9 ! f> ,nor?we/4 ,:atev] improvem5ts may orig9ate f ^! species 9 ! future1 !y h n z yet1 to my k1 giv5 u any f9e cultivat$ v>iety4 ,r1 fruticosus is ! be/-kn[n ,european species1 b nei!r has x1 z f> z ,i c discov]1 be5 ! s\rce ( any v>ieties wor?y ( favor4 ,x is said to h a peculi> flavor1 t produces satiety at once4 ,! blackb]ry1 !re=e1 is exceptional1 9 t we h no f9e =eign v>ieties1 & ,mr4 ,full] writes t he _c f9d any practical in=mation 9 reg>d to _! culture 9 any ,european "w on g>d5+4 ,! bramble is q fully treat$ 9 ,mr4 ,r4 ,?ompson's valuable ,engli% "w1 b ,i f9d little to int]e/ ! ,am]ican read]4 ,he sugge/s t ! sev]al native species t he describes are capable ( great improvem5t1 b ,i _c le>n t su* ef=t has ev] be5 made successfully4 ,i d n "k ( any reason :y our f9e v>ieties w n ?rive abroad1 "u conditions t accord ) _! nature4 ,9 ,am]ica !re are innum]able v>ieties1 s9ce ,nature produces wild se$l+s on e hillside1 & n a few se$s h be5 plant$ by horticulturi/s 9 ! hope ( orig9at+ a prize b]ry4 ,nature appe>s to h _h ! bett] =tune1 ?us f>1 = our be/ v>ieties are *ance se$l+s1 f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,x is n s _m ye>s s9ce ! blackb]ry 0 reg>d$ z m]ely a bramble 9 ?is c\ntry1 z x n[ is abroad1 & p 7 cont5t ) su* fruit z ! woods & fields furni%$4 ,ev5 /ill1 9 "s localities1 ?is supply is s abundant z to make ! culture ( ! blackb]ry unpr(itable4 ,b1 a numb] ( ye>s s9ce1 ,mr4 ,lewis ,a4 ,seacor l$ to bett] ?+s1 by obs]v+ on ! roadside1 9 ! t[n ( ,new ,ro*elle1 ,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 a bu% fl\ri%+ :]e ,nature _h plant$ x4 ,?is v>iety took k9dly to civilization1 & has done m to introduce ?is fruit to ! g>d5 ?an all o!r k9ds toge!r4 ,mr4 ,donald ,,gk ,mit*ell1 9 8 breezy out-(-door book1 ,my ,f>m at ,edgewood1 gives its *>act]i/ics s admirably t ,i am tempt$ to quote him3 ,! ,new ,ro*elle or ,lawton ,blackb]ry has be5 despitefully spok5 ( by _m2 fir/1 because ! m>ket fruit is g5]ally bad1 be+ pluck$ be=e x is fully rip5$2 & next1 because1 9 ri*1 clayey gr\nds1 ! bri]s1 unless sev]ely cut back1 gr[ into a tangl$1 unapproa*able =e/1 ) all ! juices exhau/$ 9 wood4 ,b ^u a soil mod]ately ri*1 a little gravelly & w>m1 protect$ f w9ds1 s]v$ ) occasional top-dress+s & good hoe+s1 ! ,lawton be>s magnific5t burd5s4 ,ev5 !n1 if y wi% to enjoy ! ri*ness ( ! fruit1 y mu/ n be ha/y to pluck x4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 say1 ) a %\t1 ',! blackb]ries are ripe6' ,i "k !y are black only1 & ,i c wait4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 report1 ',! birds are eat+ ! b]ries6' ,i "k ,i c wait4 ,b :5 !y say1 ',! bees are on ! b]ries6' ,i "k !y are at _! ripe/4 ,!n1 ) baskets1 we sally out2 ,i tak+ ! middle rank1 & ! *ildr5 ! out] spray ( b\ghs4 ,ev5 n[ we ga!r ^? only :i* drop at ! t\*2 ^!1 9 a brimm+ sauc]1 ) gold5 ,ald]ney cream & a s\pcon ( p[d]$ sug>1 are ,olympian nect>2 !y melt be=e ! tongue c measure _! full s\ndness1 & seem to be m]e bloat$ bubbles ( =e/ honey4 ,not)/&+ ?is eloqu5t plea & tru?ful /atem5t1 ! ,lawton is decid$ly on ! wane4 ,x is s liable to be w9t]-kill$1 ev5 ) be/ ( c>e1 & its fruit is g unpalatable1 9 its half-ripe condition1 t x has giv5 place to a m successful rival1 ! ,kittat9ny--discov]$ 9 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,k4 ,j41 gr[+ 9 a =e/ ne> ! m\nta9s1 ^: ,indian "n has become a h\sehold ^w f association ) ?is mo/ delici\s fruit4 ,mr4 ,wolv]ton1 9 f9d+ x1 has done m = ! _w ?an if he _h op5$ a gold m9e4 ,"u good culture1 ! fruit is v l>ge2 sweet1 ri*1 & melt+1 :5 fully ripe1 b r s\r & h>d :5 immature4 ,x rea*es its be/ condition if all[$ to rip5 fully on ! v9es2 b ! majority ( pick]s use _! h&s only1 & no m ?9k ( mak+ nice discrim9ations ?an ( que/ion+ nature accord+ to ! ,baconian me?od4 ,!y ga!r all t are black1 or ne>ly s2 b if ?is half-ripe fruit is all[$ to /& 9 "s cool1 dry place = ab\t twelve h\rs1 ,kittat9ny b]ries may be _h possess+ ne>ly all _! lusci\s qualities4 ,! plant is an upright & v vigor\s gr[]1 exce$+ly productive if soil & culture are suitable4 ,its leaves are long-po9t$1 f9ely & unev5ly s]rate4 ,! season ( fruit+ is m$ium1 cont9u+ f f\r to six weeks1 if moi/ure is ma9ta9$4 ,bo? ( ^! v>ieties are d]iv$ f ! ,rubus villosus species4 ,9 contra/ is ! next-be/ kn[n sort1 ,wilson's ,e>ly--hav+ _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,dewb]ry1 or runn+ blackb]ry1 &1 !re=e1 repres5t+ ! second species describ$1 ,r4 ,canad5sis4 ,:e!r x is m]ely a sport f ?is species1 or a hybrid betwe5 x & ! fir/-nam$ or high blackb]ry1 _c be accurately kn[n1 ,i imag9e2 = x also 0 f\nd gr[+ wild by ,mr4 ,john ,wilson1 ( ,burl+ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,"u high culture1 & ) increas+ age1 ! plants become q erect & /ocky gr[]s1 b ! ends ( ! cane are droop+4 ,frequ5tly1 !y trail along ! gr\nd1 & root at ! tips1 l ! common ,dewb]ry2 & !y r>ely gr[ s /ocky b t !y c be b5t ov] & cov]$ ) e>? or litt]1 z is ! case ) ! t5d] raspb]ries4 ,x is well t ?is is possible1 = x has s little p[] ( resi/+ fro/ t a w9t] ( ord9>y sev]ity kills ! canes 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york4 ,i h always cov]$ m9e1 & ?us secur$1 at slight exp5se1 a sure & abundant crop4 ,! fruit is e>li] ?an ! ,kittat9ny1 & t5ds to rip5 altoge!r 9 ab\t t5 days4 ,^! advantages1 ) its l>ge size & firmness1 make x a valuable m>ket b]ry 9 ,new ,j]sey1 :]e hundr$s ( acres ( x h be5 plant$1 & :]e x is /ill v popul>4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,nor? & ,we/1 x has be5 f\nd too t5d] = cultivation1 unless protect$4 ,9 flavor1 x is inf]ior to ! ,kittat9ny or ,snyd]4 ,= _m ye>s1 ! great desid]atum has be5 a p]fectly h>dy blackb]ry1 & ?is want has at la/ be5 met 9 "p by ! ,snyd]1 a ,we/]n v>iety t seems able to endure1 )\t ! slighte/ injury1 ! extremes ( temp]ature common 9 ! ,nor?we/]n ,/ates4 ,f ,nebraska ea/w>d1 ,i h foll[$ its hi/ory1 & h nev] he>d ( its be+ injur$ by fro/4 ,x orig9at$ on1 or 9 ! vic9ity (1 ,mr4 ,snyd]'s f>m1 ne> ,la ,porte1 ,ind41 ab\t #ahea1 & is an upright1 exce$+ly vigor\s1 & /ocky gr[]1 a true *ild ( ! ,r4 vittosus4 ,its "o fault is t x is n q l>ge en\gh to compete ) ^? already describ$4 ,on moi/ l&1 ) judici\s prun+1 x c\ld be made to approa* !m v ne>ly1 h[ev]1 :ile its e>l9ess1 h>d9ess1 f9e flavor1 & ability to gr[ & yield abundantly almo/ any:]e1 w lead to an increas+ popul>ity4 ,= home use1 size is n s important z flavor & c]ta9ty ( a crop4 ,x is also m ne>ly ripe :5 fir/ black ?an any o!r k9d t ,i h se52 its ?orns are /raight1 & !re=e less vici\s4 ,i f9d t x is gr[+ /eadily 9 favor2 & :]e ! ,kittat9ny is w9t]-kill$1 ?is h>dy new v>iety leaves little cause = rep9+4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds t are pass+ out ( cultivation1 & n a few new c&idates = favor2 b ! claims ( sup]iority are z yet too d\btful to be recogniz$4 ,mr4 ,james ,wilson1 ( ,we/ ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 f\nd "s magnific5t wild b]ries gr[+ on ,cr[ ,ne/ ,m\nta94 ,! bu% t bore !m is n[ 9 my g>d51 & if x %\ld produce fruit hav+ a flavor equal to ,rodman ,drake's poem1 ,mr4 ,wilson has1 !n1 f\nd some?+ m real ?an a ,culprit ,fay4 ,occasionally1 a ?ornless blackb]ry is h]ald$1 & n a few h reason to recall ! ,hoosac1 :i* 0 g5]ally f\nd1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t z free f fruit z ?orns4 ,we h1 also1 ! horticultural p>adox ( :ite blackb]ries1 9 ! ,cry/al1 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,john ,b4 ,orange1 ( ,albion1 ,ill9ois1 & "s o!rs4 ,!y h little value1 save z curiosities4 ,,propagation1 ,,culture1 ,,etc4 ,9 mo/ in/ances ,i ?9k m difficulty w\ld be f\nd 9 mak+ a blackb]ry die ?an live4 ,a plant set out 9 fall or e>ly spr+ w ?rive if giv5 ! gho/ ( a *ance4 ,late spr+ plant+1 h[ev]1 (t5 fails if subject$ to heat & dr\ght :ile 9 ! gre51 succul5t condition ( e>ly gr[?4 ,l ! raspb]ry1 ! blackb]ry %\ld be set1 if possible1 :ile 9 a dormant condition4 ,if plant$ late1 %ade %\ld be giv5 & moi/ure ma9ta9$ until dang] ( wilt+ & %rivell+ is pa/4 ,i advise decid$ly aga9/ late spr+ plant+s on a l>ge scale1 b 9 e>ly spr+ plant+ ,i h r>ely lo/ a plant4 ,almo/ all t has be5 said conc]n+ ! plant+ & propagation ( raspb]ries applies to ?is fruit4 ,set ! plants two or ?ree in*es deep] ?an !y 7 be=e4 ,) ! exception ( ! e>ly ,wilson1 all spe$ily propagate !mselves by suck]s1 & ?is v>iety c be increas$ readily by root cutt+s4 ,inde$1 bett] plants are usually obta9$ f all v>ieties by s[+ slips ( ! root1 z has already be5 expla9$ 9 ! pap] on raspb]ries4 ,! treatm5t ( ! blackb]ry c be/ be indicat$ by m]ely not+ :]e9 its requirem5ts diff] f ! la/-nam$ & k9dr$ fruit4 ,= in/ance1 x does be/ on light soils & 9 sunny exposures4 ,! p>tial %ade1 & moi/1 heavy l& 9 :i* ! raspb]ry luxuriates w\ld produce a rank gr[? ( canes t w9t] w\ld g5]ally f9d unrip5$1 & unable to endure ! fro/4 ,w>m1 well-dra9$1 b n dry l&1 !re=e1 is ! be/4 ,on h>d1 dry gr\nd1 ! fruit (t5 nev] matures1 b becomes m]e collections ( se$s4 ,!re=e ! ne$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! soil ( deep pl[+1 & ! ?or\gh loos5+1 if possible1 ( ! subsoil ) ! lift+ pl[4 ,any "o :o has trac$ blackb]ry roots 9 light soils w seek to give !m =ag+-room4 ,nei!r does ?is fruit require ! f]tility ne$$ 9 mo/ in/ances by ! raspb]ry4 ,x incl9es to gr[ too rankly at be/1 & dem&s mell[ness r ?an ri*ness ( soil4 ,m room %\ld also be giv5 to ! blackb]ry ?an to ! raspb]ry4 ,! r[s %\ld be six feet ap>t 9 ! g>d5 & eight feet 9 field culture1 & ! plants set ?ree feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,at ?is di/ance1 #a1hae are requir$ = an acre1 if "o plant only is plac$ 9 a hill4 ,s9ce ^! plants are usually *eap1 if "o is small or unprovid$ ) good roots1 x is well to plant two4 ,if ! gr\nd is n v f]tile1 x is well to give ! "y plants a good />t by scatt]+ a lib]al quantity ( muck compo/ d[n ! furr[ 9 :i* !y are plant$4 ,?is ensures ! mo/ vigor\s gr[? ( "y canes 9 ! r[s r ?an 9 ! int]v5+ spaces4 ,z g5]ally gr[n1 !y require support1 & may be /ak$ z raspb]ries4 ,v (t51 *eap po/-&-wire trellises are employ$1 & answ] excell5tly4 ,"u ?is sy/em !y c be gr[n 9 a cont9u\s & bu%y r[1 ) c>e aga9/ ov]-cr[d+4 ,! ideal treatm5t ( ! blackb]ry is managem5t r ?an culture4 ,m c be done ) ! ?umb & f+] at ! "r "t ?an ) ! mo/ savage prun+-%e>s aft] a ye> ( neglect4 ,9 ,may & ,june ! p]5nial roots s5d up vigor\s %oots t gr[ ) amaz+ rapidity1 until f five to t5 feet high4 ,v (t51 ?is summ] gr[? is s brittle & heavy ) foliage1 t ?und]-gu/s break !m (f f ! p>5t /em j b5ea? ! gr\nd1 & ! be>+ cane ( ! com+ ye> is lo/4 ,^! & ! foll[+ consid]ations %[ ! ne$ ( summ] prun+4 ,tall1 ov]gr[n canes are mu* m liable to be injur$ by fro/4 ,!y ne$ high & exp5sive supports4 ,su* bran*less canes are by no means s productive z ^? :i* are made to ?r[ out l[ & lat]al %oots4 ,!y c always be made to d ?is by a timely p9* t takes (f ! t]m9al bud ( ! cane4 ,?is /ops its upw>d gr[?1 & ! buds b5ea? x1 :i* o!rwise might rema9 dormant1 are imm$iately =c$ to become side bran*es ne> ! gr\nd1 :]e ! sn[ may cov] !m1 & ov] :i*1 9 ! g>d51 /raw or o!r light litt] may be ?r[n1 on ! approa* ( w9t]4 ,x ?us is se5 t by e>ly summ] p9*+ ! blackb]ry may be compell$ to become z l[ & bu%y a %rub z we desire1 & is made /ocky & self-support+ at ! same "t4 ,usually x is n well to let ! bu%es gr[ ov] f\r feet high2 & 9 regions :]e !y w9t]-kill badly1 ,i w\ld keep !m "u ?ree feet1 s t ! sn[ might be a protection4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,kittat9ny is s ne>ly h>dy t 9 almo/ all in/ances a v slight cov]+ saves x4 ,! suck]s t come up ?ickly betwe5 ! r[s c be cut away :ile small ) ! lea/ possible tr\ble2 b leave ! pat* or field to its own wild impulses = a ye> or s1 & y may f9d a slip ( wild]ness 9 ! mid/ ( y\r g>d5 t w require n a little /r5g? & pati5ce to subdue4 ,by f> ! be/ weapon = su* a battle1 & ! be/ implem5t also = cutt+ out ! old wood1 is a pair ( long-h&l$ %e>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,currants--,,*oice ,,( ,,soil1 ,,cultivation1 ,,prun+1 ,,etc4 ,!y wore curns 9 our e>ly boyhood1 & curns !y are /ill 9 ! rural v]nacul> ( _m regions4 ,9 old ,engli% !y 7 corrans1 because ! p associat$ !m ) ! rais9s ( ! small ,zante grape1 once import$ s exclusively f ,cor9? z to acquire ! "n ( t city4 ,"u ! tribe ,grossul>iae ( ! ,saxifrage family we f9d ! ,ribes conta9+ _m species ( currants & gooseb]ries2 b1 9 accordance ) ! scope ( ?is book1 we %all quote f ,pr(essor ,gray 7^: arrangem5t we foll[7 only ^? t furni% ! currants ( cultivation4 ,ribes rubrum1 r$ currant1 cultivat$ f ,europe1 also wild on our nor!rn bord]1 ) /raggl+ or recl9+ /ems1 some:at he>t-%ap$1 mod]ately ?ree to five lob$ leaves1 ! lobes r\ndi% & droop+ racemes f lat]al buds di/9ct f ! leaf buds2 edible b]ries r$1 or a :ite v>iety4 ,?is is ! p>5t ( our cultivat$ r$ & :ite v>ieties4 ,currants are comp>atively new-com]s 9 ! g>d54 ,:5 ! ,greek & ,roman writ]s 7 c>efully not+ & nam+ ! fruits ( _! "t1 ! ,ribes tribe 0 z wild z any ( ! hordes ( ! f> ,nor?1 9 ^: dim1 cold1 damp woods & bogs x !n fl\ri%$1 b1 l o!r ,nor!rn tribes1 x is mak+ great improvem5t "u ! g5ial influ5ces ( civilization & culture4 ,until )9 a c5tury or two1 g>d5]s :o cultivat$ currants at all 7 cont5t ) wild specim5s f ! woods4 ,! exce$+ly small1 acid fruit ( ^! wild+s 0 n calculat$ to inspire en?usiasm2 b a p possess+ ! sur] qualities ( pati5ce & p]sev]ance det]m9$ to develop !m1 &1 z a result1 we h ! old ,b$ & ,:ite ,dut* v>ieties1 z yet unsurpass$ = ! table4 ,9 ! ,victoria1 ,*]ry1 & ,:ite ,grape1 we h decid$ advances 9 size1 b n 9 flavor4 ,,*oice ,,& ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soil ,! secret ( success 9 ! culture ( currants is sugge/$ by ! fact t nature has plant$ ne>ly e species ( ! ,ribes 9 cold1 damp1 nor!rn exposures4 ,?r\gh\t ! woods & bogs ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e is f\nd ! scraggy1 untam$1 hurdy /ock f :i* has be5 develop$ ! sup]b ,:ite ,grape4 ,z ) p1 s ) plants3 developm5t does n eradicate con/itutional traits & t5d5cies4 ,b5ea? all is ! crav+ = ! primeval conditions ( life1 & ! be/ success ) ! currant & gooseb]ry w assur$ly be obta9$ by ^? :o c give !m a reasonable approa* to ! soil1 climate1 & culture sugge/$ by _! damp1 cold1 native haunts4 ,z ) ! /rawb]ry1 !n1 ! fir/ requisite is1 n wetness1 b abundant & cont9u\s moi/ure4 ,soils naturally defici5t 9 ?is1 & :i* _c be made dr\ght-resi/+ by deep pl[+ & cultivation1 are n adapt$ to ! currant4 ,because ?is fruit is f\nd wild 9 bogs1 x does n foll[ t x c be gr[n successfully 9 undra9$ swamps4 ,x w d bett] 9 su* places ?an on dry1 gravelly knolls1 or on ?91 light soils2 b our f9e civiliz$ v>ieties ne$ civiliz$ conditions4 ,! well-dra9$ swamp may become ! v be/ ( currant fields2 & damp1 heavy l&1 t is capable ( deep1 ?or\gh cultivation1 %\ld be select$ if possible4 ,:5 su* is n to be _h1 !n1 by deep pl[+1 subsoil+1 by abundant mul* ar\nd ! plants ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 & by occasional wat]+s 9 ! g>d51 c\nt]act+ ! effects ( lightness & dryness ( soil1 skill c g f> 9 mak+ good nature's defici5cies4 ,next to dep? ( soil & moi/ure1 ! currant requires f]tility4 ,x is ju/ly call$ "o ( ! gross fe$]s1 & is n p>ticul> z to ! quality ( its food1 s t x is abundant4 ,i w\ld /ill sugge/1 h[ev]1 t x be f$ accord+ to its nature ) heavy compo/s1 9 :i* muck1 leaf-m\ld1 & ! clean+s ( ! c[-/able are l>gely pres5t4 ,wood-a%es & bone-meal are also mo/ excell5t4 ,if /able or o!r light manures mu/ be us$1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t !y be scatt]$ lib]ally on ! surface 9 ! fall or e>ly spr+ & gradually work$ 9 by cultivation4 ,?us us$1 _! light heat+ qualities w d no h>m1 & !y w keep ! surface mell[ &1 !re=e1 moi/4 ,! %ad[y1 ,nor!rn haunts ( ! wild currant also sugge/ t x w falt] & fail "u ! ,s\!rn sun2 & ?is is true1 ,z we pass d[n ?r\gh ! ,middle ,/ates1 we f9d x difficult to make ?rive ev5 ! h>dy ,:ite & ,b$ ,dut* v>ieties1 & a po9t is at la/ rea*$ :5 ! bu%es lose _! leaves 9 ! hot season1 & die4 ,f ! latitude ( ,new ,york s\?1 !re=e1 increas+ ef=t %\ld be made to supply ! currants' con/itutional ne$1 by giv+ p>tial %ade among pe> or widely set apple-trees1 or1 bett] /ill1 by plant+ on ! nor!rn side ( f5ces1 build+s1 etc4 ,by giv+ a cool1 half-%ady exposure 9 moi/ l&1 ! culture ( ! currant c be ext5d$ f> to ! s\?1 especially 9 ! high m\nta9 regions4 ,ev5 well to ! nor? x is unpr(itable :5 gr[n on light1 ?91 poor l&1 unless giv5 lib]al1 skilful culture4 ,,plant+1 ,,cultivation ,,& ,,prun+ ,i reg>d autumn z ! be/ season = plant+ currants1 b h succe$$ ne>ly z well 9 e>ly spr+4 ,if kept moi/1 !re is little dang] ( ! plants dy+ at any "t1 b ^? set 9 ! fall or e>ly spr+ make1 ! fir/ ye>1 a mu* l>g] gr[? ?an ^? plant$ :5 ! buds h develop$ into leaves4 ,s9ce !y />t s e>ly1 !y %\ld be set 9 ! spr+ z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w1 & 9 ! autumn1 any "t aft] ! leaves fall or ! wood is ripe4 ,! plants ( comm]ce are "o1 two & ?ree ye>s old1 ?\gh n v _m ( ! la/ are sold4 ,i w\ld z soon h "o-ye> plants1 if well root$1 z any1 s9ce !y are *eap] & m c]ta9 to make /rong1 vigor\s bu%es1 if giv5 g5]\s treatm5t 9 ! op5 field1 ?an if left cr[d$ too long 9 nurs]y r[s4 ,= ! g>d51 :]e fruit is desir$ z soon z possible1 two & ?ree ye> old plants are pref]able4 ,aft] plant+1 cut ! "y bu%es back "o-half or two-?irds1 s z to ensure new & vigor\s gr[?4 ,9 field culture1 ,i recomm5d t ! r[s be five feet ap>t1 & ! plants f\r feet f ea* o!r 9 ! r[4 ,9 ?is case #b1agh plants are requir$ = an acre4 ,if x is design$ to cultivate !m bo? ways1 let ! plants be set at "r angles five feet ap>t1 an acre n[ requir+ #a1gdb plants4 ,s9k !m two or ?ree in*es deep] ?an !y /ood 9 ! nurs]y r[s1 & al?\gh 9 prep>ation ! gr\nd 0 well enri*$1 a %ovel ( compo/ ar\nd ! "y plant gives x a f9e s5d-(f1 & ha/5s ! developm5t ( a pr(itable bu%4 ,9 ! field & = m>ket1 ,i w\ld urge t currants be gr[n inv>iably 9 bu%1 r ?an 9 tree =m4 ,engli% writ]s1 & "s "h :o foll[ !m1 recomm5d ! latt] me?od2 b x is n adapt$ to our climate1 & to su* limit$ att5tion z we c af=d to give4 ,! bor]s1 moreov]1 hav+ b a s+le /em to "w ^u1 w\ld soon cause _m vacancies 9 ! r[s4 ,currants are gr[n = m>ket ) l>ge & increas+ pr(its2 inde$1 !re is sc>cely a fruit t n[ pays bett]4 ,mr4 ,john ,s4 ,coll9s1 ( ,moore/[n1 ,n4 ,j41 by ! foll[+ +5i\s1 yet simple1 inv5tion1 is able to drive ?r\gh 8 currant & raspb]ry fields )\t injur+ ! plants4 ,an ord9>y c>t is *ang$ by putt+ 9 an axle fifte5 in*es long] ?an usual1 ! :eels ?us mak+ a track six feet & eight in*es wide4 ,! %afts & body ( ! c>t are put j z close to "o :eel z possible1 s t ! horse & ! :eel w pass z ne> toge!r1 & z ne> 9 a l9e1 z practicable4 ,! axle ( ! o!r :eel be+ long1 & b[+ up sev]al in*es high] ?an ord9>y 9 ! middle1 x passes ov] a r[ ( bu%es ) little or no damage4 ,?us1 f]tiliz]s c be c>ri$ to all p>ts ( ! field4 ,( c\rse1 x w\ld n d to drive ?r\gh bu%es lad5 ) fruit2 b aft] !y 7 pick$1 su* a vehicle c\ld cause b little injury4 ,9 ! g>d5 & = home use !re is ! wide/ latitude4 ,we may cont5t ourselves1 z _m d1 ) a few old ,r$ ,dut* bu%es t = a g5]ation h /ruggl$ ) grass & burdocks4 ,we may d a little bett]1 & set out plants 9 ord9>y g>d5 soil1 b =get = ye>s to give a p>ticle ( food to ! />v+ bu%es1 rem>k+ annually1 ) increas+ emphasis1 t !y mu/ be runn+ out4 ,few plants ( ! g>d5 ne$ high fe$+ m1 & no o!rs are m g5]ally />v$4 ,i w gu>antee t !re are successful f>m]s :o no m ?9k ( manur+ a currant bu% ?an ( fe$+ cr[s4 ,?is fruit w live1 no matt] h[ we abuse x1 b !re are sc>cely any t respond m quickly to g5]\s treatm5t2 & 9 ! g>d5 :]e x is n necess>y to keep su* a s+le eye to ! m>g9 ( pr(it1 _m beautiful & int]e/+ ?+s c be done ) ! currant4 ,! majority w be satisfi$ ) l>ge1 vigor\s bu%es1 well enri*$1 mul*$ & skilfully prun$4 ,if we *oose1 h[ev]1 we may tra9 !m into pretty little trees1 umbrella1 globe1 or pyramid 9 %ape1 accord+ to our fancy1 & by wat*fulness & ! use ( a%es1 keep away ! bor]s4 ,9 "o in/ance ,i f\nd a few vigor\s %oots t _h made a gr[? ( ne>ly ?ree feet 9 a s+le season4 ,) ! exception ( ! t]m9al bud & ?ree or f\r j bel[ x1 ,i disbudd$ ^! %oots c>efully1 imb$d$ ! l[] ends six in*es 9 moi/ soil z "o w\ld an ord9>y cutt+1 & !y spe$ily took root & develop$ into little trees4 ,mu* tall] & m ornam5tal currant & gooseb]ry trees c be obta9$ by graft+ any v>iety we wi% on ! ,miss\ri species 7,ribes aureum74 ,^! c be made pretty & useful ornam5ts ( ! lawn1 z well z ( ! g>d54 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( we$-*ok$1 sprawl+1 unsightly objects1 currant bu%es c be made ?+s ( beauty1 z well z ( /]l+ wor?4 ,! cultivation ( ! currant is v simple4 ,z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly /irr$ by pl[ or cultivator1 & all p]5nial we$s & grasses j ar\nd ! bu%es tak5 out ) prong$ hoes or =ks4 ,if a lib]al top-dress+ ( compo/ or "s o!r f]tiliz] 0 n giv5 9 ! autumn1 :i* is ! be/ "t to apply x1 let x be spread ov] ! roots 7n up aga9/ ! /ems7 be=e ! fir/ spr+ cultivation4 ,:ile ! bu%es are /ill "y1 !y c be cultivat$ & kept clean1 l any ho$ crop2 b aft] !y come into be>+--say ! ?ird summ] --a diff]5t c\rse mu/ be adopt$4 ,if ! gr\nd is kept mell[ & b>e "u ! bu%es1 ! fruit w be s spla%$ ) e>? z to be unsalable1 & wa%$ fruit is sc>cely fit = ! table4 ,we v prop]ly wi% x ) j ! bloom & color+ :i* ,nature is a mon? or m 9 elaborat+4 ,muddy or r9s$ fruit sugge/s ! /y1 n a d9+-room4 ,a mul* ( leaves1 /raw1 ev]gre5 b\ghs--any?+ t w keep ! gr\nd clean--appli$ imm$iately aft] ! e>ly spr+ culture1 is ! be/ & mo/ obvi\s way ( pres]v+ ! fruit2 & ?is me?od also secures all ! good results :i* h be5 %[n to foll[ mul*+4 ,:]e x is n conv5i5t to mul*1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t ! gr\nd be left undi/urb$ aft] ! fir/ ?or\gh culture1 until ! fruit is ga!r$4 ,! we$s t gr[ 9 ! int]val may be m[$1 & all[$ to fall "u ! bu%es4 ,by ! end ( ,june1 ! soil w h become s fix$ t1 ) a p>tial sod ( we$s1 ! fruit may hang ov]1 or ev5 re/ ^u x1 )\t be+ spla%$ by ! heavy ra9s !n preval5t4 ,?is c\rse is n s neat z clean cultivation or mul*+4 ,few fruit gr[]s1 h[ev]1 c af=d to make appe>ances ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,i h he>d ( oats be+ s[n among ! bu%es to keep ! fruit clean1 b _! gr[? mu/ *eck ! be/ developm5t ( ! fruit q z mu* z ! natural crop ( we$s4 ,x w\ld be bett] to give clean culture1 & gr[ rye1 or any e>ly matur+ gre5 crop1 some:]e else1 & :5 ! fruit beg9s to turn1 spread ?is mat]ial "u ! bu%es4 ,on _m places1 ! m[+s ( we$y1 swampy places w\ld be f\nd suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,aft] ! fruit is ga!r$1 />t ! cultivator & hoe at once1 s z to secure vigor\s foliage & heal?ful gr[? ?r\gh\t ! entire summ]4 ,prun+ may be done any "t aft] ! leaves fall1 & success dep5ds ^u its judici\s & rigor\s p]=mance4 ,! ,engli% g>d5]s h recogniz$ ?is fact1 & !y h z m9ute & c>eful a sy/em z we apply to ! grape4 ,^! =mal & r arbitr>y me?ods c sc>cely be foll[$ practically 9 our hurri$ ,am]ican life4 ,x seems to me t ,i c d no bett] ?an to lay d[n "s s\nd & g5]al pr9ciples & leave _! work+ out to ! judgm5t ( ! gr[]4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 ,i imag9e1 our be/ g>d5]s r>ely trim two bu%es exactly alike1 b deal ) ea* accord+ to its vigor & natural t5d5cies2 = a currant bu% has n a little individuality4 ,a "y bu% ne$s cutt+ back l a "y grapev9e1 & = ! same reason4 ,a grapev9e left to itself w\ld soon become a mass ( tangl$ wood yield+ b little fruit1 & t ( inf]ior quality4 ,9 l mann] nature1 uncurb$1 gives u a great1 /raggl+ bu% t is *ok$ & r5d]$ b>r5 by its own luxuriance4 ,air & light are ess5tial1 & ! knife mu/ make spaces = !m4 ,cutt+ back & %ort5+ bran*es develops fruit buds4 ,o!rwise1 we h long1 unproductive rea*es ( wood4 ,?is is especially true ( ! ,*]ry & o!r v>ieties resembl+ x4 ,! judici\s use ( ! knife1 kept up f ye> to ye>1 w almo/ d\ble _! productiv5ess4 ,aga91 too mu* v "y & too mu* old wood are causes ( unfruitfulness4 ,! skilful culturi/ seeks to produce & pres]ve _m po9ts ( bran*+ & %ort spurs1 = x is "h t ! little fruit buds clu/] ?ickly4 ,:5 a bran* is becom+ black & feeble f age1 cut x back to ! root1 t space may be giv5 = y\ng] gr[?4 ,f six to twelve be>+ /ems1 f ?ree to five feet high1 ) _! %ort5$ bran*es & fruit spurs1 may be all[$ to gr[ f ! roots1 accord+ to ! vigor ( ! plant & ! space allott$ to x4 ,usually1 too _m suck]s />t 9 ! spr+4 ,unless ! crop ( "y wood is valuable = propagation1 all except su* z are ne$$ to r5ew ! bu% %\ld be cut out z e>ly z possible1 be=e !y h injur$ ! =m+ crop4 ,9 ,engl&1 great att5tion is paid to summ] prun+1 & "h mu* might be accompli%$ by x if we _h1 or w\ld take1 ! "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,currants1 ,,cont9u$--,,propagation1 ,,v>ieties ,prun+ naturally leads to ! subject ( propagation1 = mu* ( t :i* is cut away1 s f> f be+ useless1 is (t5 ( great value to ! nurs]yman2 & !re are few :o gr[ ?is fruit = m>ket :o c\ld n turn _m an hone/ p5ny if !y w\ld take ! refuse "y wood ( ! previ\s summ]'s gr[? & develop x into salable bu%es4 ,9 mo/ in/ances a m>ket w\ld be f\nd 9 _! own neighborhood4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an success 9 rais+ "y currant bu%es1 except failure4 ,if cutt+s are treat$ 9 accordance ) _! dem& = moi/ure & coolness1 !y gr[ ) almo/ c]ta9ty2 if subject$ to heat & dr\ght1 !y usually soon become dry /icks4 ,! v be/ c\rse is to make & plant our cutt+s 9 ,septemb] or v e>ly 9 ,octob]--j z soon z ! leaves fall or w rub (f readily4 ,z is true ( a root-slip1 s also ! wood cutt+ mu/ make a callus at its base be=e !re c be gr[?4 ,f ?is ! roots />t out4 ,!re=e1 ! e>li] 9 ! fall t cutt+s are made1 ! m "t = ! =mation ( ?is callus4 ,(t51 autumn-plant$ cutt+s are well root$ be=e w9t]1 & h j t mu* />t ov] ^? t mu/ beg9 life 9 ! spr+4 ,six in*es is ! av]age l5g?4 ,see ,figures ,a1 ,b & ,c4 ,let ! cutt+s be sunk 9 deep1 ri*1 moi/1 b ?or\ghly well-dra9$ soil1 s deeply z to leave b two or ?ree buds above ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! g>d51 :]e ! design is to raise a few f9e bu%es = home use m]ely1 let ! r[s be two feet ap>t & ! cutt+s six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,9 rais+ !m by ! ?\s& = m>ket1 we mu/ economize space & labor2 & !re=e "o ( ! be/ me?ods1 aft] r5d]+ ! gr\nd mell[ & smoo?1 is to /ret* a l9e across ! plat or field2 !n1 beg9n+ on "o side ( ! l9e1 to /rike a spade into ! soil its full dep?1 press x =w>d & draw x out4 ,?is leaves a slight op5+1 ( ! wid? & dep? ( ! spade1 & a boy foll[+ ins]ts 9 ?is ?ree cutt+s1 "o 9 ! middle & "o at ea* end4 ,! man !n /eps back & drives ! spade d[n aga9 ab\t f\r in*es 9 ! re> ( ! fir/ op5+1 &1 z he presses 8 spade =w>d to make a second1 he closes up ! fir/ op5+1 press+--inde$1 almo/ p9*+--! e>? ar\nd ! ?ree slips t h j be5 ?ru/ d[n1 until b "o or two buds are above ! surface4 ,we ?us h a r[ ( cutt+s1 ?ree abrea/1 & ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t1 across ! entire field4 ,a space ( ?ree feet is left = cultivation1 & !n we plant1 z be=e1 ano!r triple r[4 ,^! ?ick r[s %\ld be tak5 up ! foll[+ fall1 :5 ! l>ge/ may be sold2 or plant$ :]e !y are to fruit1 & ! small] ones replant$ 9 nurs]y r[s4 ,:5 l& is abundant ! cutt+s may be sunk 9 s+le r[s1 ) suffici5t space betwe5 = horse cultivation1 & all[$ to mature into two-ye>-old plants )\t removal4 ,if ^! are n plant$ or sold1 !y %\ld be cut back rigor\sly be=e mak+ ! ?ird ye>'s gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,currant ,,cutt+s ,,& ,,callus ,9 moi/ l&1 cutt+s c be made to gr[ ev5 if set out late 9 ! spr+1 especially if top-dress$ & mul*$2 b if !y are to be />t$ on high1 dry l&1 !y %\ld be out suffici5tly e>ly 9 ! autumn to become root$ be=e w9t]4 ,if our l& is ( a nature t t5ds to ?r[ roots out ( ! gr\nd--& moi/1 heavy l& has ?is t5d5cy--x may be be/ to bury ! cutt+s 9 bundles1 ti$ up ) f9e wire1 on a dry knoll1 bel[ ! action ( ! fro/1 & set !m out e>ly--z e>ly z possible--9 ! spr+4 ,at any season ! r[s ( cutt+s %\ld be well top-dress$ ) f9e manure1 & if plant$ 9 autumn1 !y %\ld be s well cov]$ ) /raw1 leaves1 or "s litt]1 z n to suff] or be ?r[n out 9 freez+ & ?aw+ wea!r4 ,i manage to get half my cutt+s out 9 ! fall1 & half 9 e>ly spr+4 ,9 ! gre5h\se1 & ev5 out-(-doors1 "u v favorable circum/ances1 plants may be gr[n f s+le buds2 & gre5 wood also propagates readily "u glass4 ,a vigor\s "y plant1 ) roots atta*$1 may (t5 be obta9$ by break+ (f ! suck]s t />t b5ea? ! surface ar\nd ! /ems2 &1 by lay]+ or b5d+ bu%es ov] & ?r[+ dirt ^u !m1 new plants are readily made also2 b m %apely1 & usually m vigor\s1 bu%es are obta9$ by simple cutt+s1 z ,i h describ$4 ,:5 x is design$ to gr[ a cutt+ 9 a tree =m1 all ! buds b two or ?ree at ! top %\ld be c>efully remov$4 ,if we wi% to try our =tune 9 rais+ new v>ieties1 we mu/ s[ se$s ( ! v be/ specim5s we c f9d1 ga!r$ :5 p]fectly ripe4 ,^! se$s %\ld nev] be kept :]e x is hot or v dry1 & %\ld be soak$ = a day or two 9 tepid wat] be=e plant+4 ,s[ e>ly 9 spr+1 qu>t] ( an in* deep1 9 f9e ri* soil1 :i* mu/ cont9ually be kept moi/1 b nev] wet4 ,top-dress+s ( v f9e1 light manure w\ld keep ! surface f bak+1 ?us giv+ ! se$s a *ance to g]m9ate4 ,tol]ate no we$s4 ,remove ! se$l+s 9 ! fall to r[s ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants two feet di/ant 9 ! r[4 ,!re !y may /& until _! comp>ative value c be det]m9$4 ,,v>ieties ,black currants =m q a di/9ct class 9 appe>ance & flavor1 & are n z popul> ) u z 9 ,engl&4 ,!y are /rong] & co>s]-gr[+ plants ?an ! r$ & :ite species1 & d n require z high culture4 ,!y c be gr[n to advantage 9 tree =m1 z !y are q exempt f insect enemies4 ,! t5t cat]pill> is ! only "o t ,i h se5 injur+ !m4 ,!y also require mu* less prun+1 s9ce ! be/ fruit is borne on ! "y wood ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[?4 ,if !y are gr[n z bu%es1 !y ne$ m room--six feet ap>t ea* way--& ! knife ne$ be us$ only to secure good =m & space = air & light4 ,two native species--,ribes floridum & ,ribes aureum--are cultivat$ to "s ext5t 7= description see ,gray's ,botany74 ,al?\gh ^! species & _! v>ieties are ( little value1 ,mr4 ,full] ?9ks t !y might become ! p>5ts ( f> bett] k9ds ?an we n[ h1 s9ce !y are /rong gr[]s1 & _! fruit is naturally ( bett] flavor ?an t ( ! ,european black currant4 ,ribes aureum is l>gely cultivat$ z an ornam5tal %rub1 & its spicy-sc5t$1 bright yell[ fl[]s ( e>ly spr+ are among my pleasante/ memories4 ,z has already be5 expla9$1 we c make m9iature trees ( our :ite & r$ currants1 by graft+ !m on its /rong1 erect-gr[+ /ems4 ,ribes nigrum is ! ,european species1 & is f\nd wild ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,mr4 ,full] writes t ! inhabitants ( ,sib]ia make a bev]age f its dri$ leaves :i* is said closely to resemble gre5 tea4 ,black ,naples is ! f9e/ v>iety ( ?is species4 ,*>les ,d[n+ says ( x3 ,its b]ries (t5 measure ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,its leaves & blossoms appe> e>li] ?an ^? ( ! common1 or ,engli% ,black1 b ! fruit is lat]1 & ! clu/]s z well z ! b]ries are l>g] & m num]\s4 ,lee's ,prolific is said by "s to be a slight improvem5t on ! above2 by o!rs x is ?\ght to be v simil>4 ,( r$ currants1 ! old ,r$ ,dut* is ! mo/ prom95t4 ,x is ! currant ( memory4 ,f x 0 made ! w9e :i* our mo!rs & gr&mo!rs felt t !y c\ld (f] ) p]fect propriety to ! m9i/]4 ,!re are rural homes to-day 9 :i* ! impression /ill l+]s t x is a k9d ( temp]ance dr9k4 ,f x is usually made ! currant jelly )\t :i* no lady w\ld ?9k ( keep+ h\se 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"o ( ! grave/ que/ions 9 dome/ic economy is :e!r ! jelly w jell4 ,(t5 x does n1 & _c be made to4 ,! cause ( its lam5table p]v]sity is ?is3 ,! currants h be5 left until ov]-ripe be=e pick+1 or !y h be5 pick$ wet1 j aft] ra94 ,ga!r !m :5 dry1 & z soon z possible aft] !y h turn$ r$1 & ,i am in=m$ by ! highe/ dome/ic au?ority 7my wife7 t !re w be no difficulty4 ,9 flavor1 ! ,r$ ,dut* is unequall$ by any o!r r$ currant4 ,x is also a v>iety t c sc>cely be kill$ by abuse & neglect1 & x responds s g5]\sly to high culture & rigor\s prun+ t x is an op5 "q :e!r x _c be made1 aft] all1 ! mo/ pr(itable = m>ket1 s9ce x is s mu* m productive ?an ! l>g] v>ieties1 & c be made to approa* !m s ne>ly 9 size4 ,inde$1 n a few are annually sold = ,*]ry currants4 ,! ,:ite ,dut* is simil> to ! ,r$ 9 ! gr[? & "* ( ! bu%4 ,! clu/]s1 h[ev]1 are a little %ort]1 & ! fruit a little l>g] & sweet]1 & is ( a f9e yell[i%-:ite color1 ) a ve9$1 transluc5t sk94 ,! ,:ite ,grape is an advance 9 size ^u ! la/-nam$1 & ( m>vell\s productiv5ess & beauty4 ,x is n z vigor\s z ! ,:ite ,dut*1 & is m spread+ 9 its mode ( gr[?1 requir+ c>eful prun+ to make a %apely bu%4 ,! fruit1 also1 is n spread s ev5ly ov] ! wood1 b is produc$ m 9 bun*es4 ,9 flavor1 x is "o ( ! v be/4 ,dana's ,transp>5t1 & o!r :ite v>ieties1 d n v>y mat]ially f ei!r ! ,:ite ,grape or ,dut*4 ,! great m>ket currant is ! ,*]ry4 ,9 ! ,canadian ,horticulturi/ = ,septemb]1 #ahgh1 ,i f9d ! foll[+3 ,! hi/ory ( ?is h&some currant is n )\t int]e/4 ,monsieur ,adri5ne ,s5eclause1 a di/+ui%$ horticulturi/ 9 ,france1 receiv$ x f ,italy among a lot ( o!r currants4 ,he notic$ ! extraord9>y size ( ! fruit1 & gave x1 9 consequ5ce1 ! "n x yet be>s4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdc x 0 fruit$ 9 ! nurs]y ( ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & figur$ f ^! samples 9 ! ',annales de ,flore et de ,pomone' = ,febru>y1 #ahdh4 ,dr4 ,william ,w4 ,valk1 ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 introduc$ x to ! notice ( ,am]ican fruit gr[]s 9 #ahdf1 hav+ import$ "s ( ! plants 9 ! spr+ ( t ye>4 ,?is v>iety is n[ v widely dissem9at$1 & its culture is app>5tly becom+ increas+ly pr(itable e ye>4 ,two ess5tials are requisite to success ) x--high manur+ & skilful prun+4 ,x has ! t5d5cy to produce long bran*es1 on :i* !re are b few buds4 ,rigor\s cutt+ back1 s z to cause bran*+ jo9ts & fruit spurs1 %\ld be practic$ annually4 ,! foliage is /rong & co>se1 & ! fruit mu* m acid ?an ! ,dut* family2 b size & beauty c>ry ! m>ket1 & ! ,*]ry c be made1 by high culture1 v l>ge & beautiful4 ,v]sailles1 or ,la ,v]saillaise1 is a figurative bone ( cont5tion4 ,! horticultural doctors disagree s decid$ly t ! re/ ( u c1 )\t presumption1 ?9k = ourselves4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] has probably giv5 ! subject m att5tion ?an any "o else1 & he ass]ts1 )\t any hesitancy1 t ?is s-call$ v>iety is id5tical ) ! ,*]ry4 ,mr4 ,full] is c]ta9ly entitl$ to 8 op9ion1 = he obta9$ plants ( ! ,*]ry & ,v]sailles f all ! lead+ nurs]ym5 9 ,am]ica1 & import$ !m f ! /&>d nurs]ies abroad1 n only once1 b repeat$ly1 yet c\ld nev] get two di/9ct v>ieties4 ,! writ] 9 ! ,canadian ,horticulturi/ also /ates 9 reg>d to ! ,v]sailles3 ,"s pa9s 7 tak5 to obta9 ?is v>iety on diff]5t occasions1 & f ! mo/ reliable s\rces1 s t !re might be no mi/ake z to ! correctness ( ! "n2 b aft] _m ye>s ( trial we are unable to p]ceive any decid$ v>iation1 ei!r 9 ! quality ( ! fruit1 ! l5g? ( ! bun*1 or ! habit ( ! plant1 f ! ,*]ry currant4 ,i mu/ admit t ,i am incl9$ to take ! same view2 =1 dur+ sev]al ye>s1 ,i h look$ 9 va9 = two di/9ct v>ieties4 ,i h c>efully kept ! two k9ds sep>ate1 b f9d 9 ea* case ! same /\t1 /ocky1 %ort-jo9t$1 erect %oots t are (t5 devoid ( buds1 & t5d to become nak$ ) age1 & ! same d>k gre51 ?ick1 bluntly & co>sely s]rat$ foliage4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ ?9ks ! diff]5ce lies 9 ! fact t1 :ile ! ,v]sailles /ra9 produces _m %ort bun*es l ! ,*]ry1 x also frequ5tly be>s clu/]s1 & t su* long1 tap]+ clu/]s are nev] =m$ on ! ,*]ry4 ,?is is ! only diff]5ce1 ,i ?9k1 if any exi/s2 b 9 no in/ance h ,i be5 able to f9d ?is di/9ction well def9$ & su/a9$ by ! be>+ plantations t ,i h se54 ,mr4 ,d[n+1 h[ev]1 has _h t5fold m exp]i5ce ?an ,i h1 & 8 op9ions are entitl$ to correspond+ weight4 ,t ?is class is mu* incl9$ to sport1 ,i ?9k all w admit4 ,"o bu% 9 a r[ may be load$ ) fruit ye> aft] ye>1 & ! next "o be comp>atively b>r54 ,! clu/]s on "o bu% may be %ort & *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*]ry1 :ile a neighbor+ bu% 9 ! same pat* may %[ a t5d5cy to m+le "s long clu/]s ) ! %ort ones2 & "y bu%es gr[n f ! same plant w %[ ^! v>iations4 ,i am satisfi$ t di/9ct & mu* improv$ /ra9s c\ld be develop$ by propagat+ f bu%es produc+ ! be/ & mo/ abundant fruit1 & t a v>iety hav+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,ideal ,v]sailles c\ld be develop$4 ,! importance ( ?is c>eful selection 9 propagation c sc>cely be ov]e/imat$1 & ! fruit gr[] :o foll[$ x up = a few ye>s might almo/ d\ble ! productiv5ess & quality ( _m ( 8 v>ieties4 ,victoria 7kn[n also z ,may's ,victoria1 & hav+ a half-doz5 o!r synonymes7 is a di/9ct v>iety1 ^: great value consi/s 9 its l5g!n+ out ! currant season two or ?ree weeks aft] ! above-nam$ k9ds h matur$4 ,! fruit is also l>ge--betwe5 ! ,r$ ,dut* & ,*]ry 9 size--exce$+ly abundant1 & al?\gh r acid1 ( good flavor :5 fully ripe4 ,! clu/]s are v long--f five to sev5 in*es--tap]+1 & ! b]ries are bright r$4 ,if x is gr[n 9 "s moi/1 cool1 half-%ady location1 ! bun*es w hang on ! bu%es v late 9 ! season4 ,9 _m localities x is f\nd v pr(itable1 s9ce x ne$ n be sold until ! o!rs are out ( ! m>ket4 ,! "y bran*es are r sl5d]1 b ! plant itself is vigor\s1 & c be gr[n at less exp5se ?an ! ,*]ry4 ,!re are _m o!r nam$ v>ieties1 b 9 ! majority ( in/ances ! di/9ctions betwe5 !m are slight1 & z !y are wan+ be=e ! f9] v>ieties t ,i h describ$1 ,i %all n attempt to light5 ! %ad[s t are ga!r+ ar\nd !m4 ,! future promises m ?an ! pa/1 & ,i ?9k t1 be=e _m ye>s pass1 "s f9e new k9ds w be introduc$4 ,! enemies & diseases ( ! currant w be treat$ 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,gooseb]ries ,i h treat$ ! currant v fully1 n only because x is ! m popul> fruit 9 ?is c\ntry1 b also because ! great] "p ( my sugge/ions "u t head+ applies equally to ?is bran* ( ! ,ribes tribe4 ,possess+ ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics1 x %\ld be treat$ on ! same pr9ciples t 7 se5 to be applicable to ! currant4 ,x fl\ri%es be/ 9 ! same cool exposures1 & is ! bett] = p>tial %ade4 ,ev5 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& ! m t5d]-sk9n$ v>ieties (t5 scald 9 ! sun4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! %ade ( a f5ce or a nor!rn hillside1 r ?an ov]hang+ bran*es ( trees4 ,a ri* soil1 especially "o t is deep & moi/ b n wet1 is equally requisite1 & ! rigor\s annual prun+ is ev5 m ess5tial4 ,z ! wood becomes old & black1 x %\ld be cut out altoge!r4 ,fruit buds & spurs are produc$ on wood two or m ye>s old1 & cutt+ back causes ^!1 b !y mu/ n be all[$ to become too cr[d$4 ,to no fruit are air & light m ess5tial4 ,we h 9 ?is c\ntry two v di/9ct classes ( gooseb]ries-! fir/ ( =eign orig91 & ! second consi/+ ( our native species4 ,gray ?us describes ,ribes ,grossul>ia1 g>d5 or ,engli% gooseb]ry3 ,cultivat$ f ,europe = ! well-kn[n fruit2 ?orny & prickly1 ) small1 obtuse1 ?ree to five lob$ leaves1 gre5 fl[]s1 "o to ?ree on %ort p$icels1 bell-%ap$ calyx1 & l>ge b]ry4 ,?is native ( nor!rn ,europe & ! =e/s ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s has be5 develop$ into ! sup]b v>ieties :i* h be5 fam\s s long 9 ,engl&1 b :i* we are able to gr[ ) v p>tial success4 ,x rememb]s its bir?place ev5 m /rongly ?an ! currant1 & ! almo/ inv>iable mildew ( our g>d5s is ! sign ( its homesickness4 ,! cool1 moi/ climate ( ,engl& j suits x1 & x is ! pride ( ! g>d5s ( ,lanca%ire to surpass ! _w 9 ! developm5t ( l>ge specim5s4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ writes3 ,we are indebt$ to ! ,lanca%ire weav]s1 :o seem to h tak5 x up z a hobby1 = ne>ly all ! surpris+ly l>ge sorts ( mod]n date4 ,_! annual %[s exhibit ?is fruit 9 its greate/ p]fection1 & a gooseb]ry book is publi%$ 9 ,man*e/] e ye>1 giv+ a li/ ( all ! prize sorts1 etc4 ,! extraord9>y pa9s tak5 is sugge/$ by ! foll[+ quotation f ! ,encyclopa$ia ( ,g>d5+3 ,to effect ?is increas$ size1 e /imulant is appli$ t _! +5uity c sugge/4 ,!y n only annually manure ! soil ri*ly1 b also surr\nd ! plants ) tr5*es ( manure = ! extremities ( ! roots to /rike into1 & =m r\nd ! /em ( ea* plant a bas91 to be mul*$1 or manur$1 or wat]$1 z may become necess>y4 ,:5 a root has ext5d$ too f> f ! /em1 x is uncov]$1 & all ! /ronge/ lead]s are %ort5$ back ne>ly "o-half ( _! l5g?1 & cov]$ ) fre%1 m>ly loam1 well manur$4 ,! effect ( ?is prun+ is to increase ! numb] ( fibres & spongioles1 :i* =m rapidly on ! %ort5$ roots1 & /rike out 9 all directions among ! fre%1 newly /irr$ loam1 9 se>* ( nutrim5t4 ,?is is c>ry+ culture to an extreme r>ely1 if ev]1 se5 9 ,am]ica4 ,! annual ref]r$ to above record$ "o hundr$ & fifty-five gooseb]ry exhibitions 9 #ahfc4 ,! numb] ( v>ieties is almo/ endless1 & m ?an sev5 hundr$ prize sorts are nam$ 9 ,l9dley's ,guide to ! ,or*>d2 b n "o ( !m1 ,i fe>1 c be gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 except "u favorable conditions & ) extra c>e4 ,ev5 aft] supply+ su* conditions1 !y w (t5 mildew 9 spite ( our be/ ef=ts4 ,aga91 9 "s localities1 & = obscure causes1 !y w ?rive & cont9ue = ye>s q free f ?is *ief enemy ( ! =eign gooseb]ry4 ,repeat$ applications ( ! fl[]s ( sulphur ov] ! bu%es1 f ! "t ! fruit sets until x is ripe1 are probably ! be/ prev5tive4 ,?or\gh mul*+1 rigor\s prun+1 & high culture are also to be recomm5d$4 ,^? :o g>d5 = pleasure w\ld d well to try "s ( ^! f9e =eign]s4 ,! foll[+ are "s t ,mr4 ,d[n+ & o!rs h recomm5d$3 ,i4 ,r$ ,v>ieties3 ,briti% ,cr[n1 ,top ,sawy]1 ,ro>+ ,lion1 ,lanca%ire ,lad1 ,cr[n ,bob4 ,,ii4 ,:ite3 ,*e%ire ,lass1 ,:ite ,lion1 ,:itesmi?1 ,:ite ,honey4 ,,iii4 ,gre53 ,laurel1 ,he>t ( ,oak1 ,jolly ,angl]1 ,jolly ,t>4 ,,iv4 ,yell[3 ,gold5 ,fleece1 ,bunk] ,hill1 ,conqu]or1 etc4 ,if b two or ?ree =eign b]ries are to be *os51 ,i w\ld recomm5d ,cr[n ,bob1 ,be>+ ,lion1 & ,:itesmi?4 ,i am sorry to say t se$l+s ( ^! =eign v>ieties h ! same t5d5cy to mildew %[n by _! p>5ts4 ,! ,late ,em]ald 0 orig9at$ 9 ! old g>d5 at ,newburgh1 & is a sad example ( ?is fact4 ,= _m ye>s x ?riv$ 9 its bir?place )\t a trace ( mildew1 b on my own place x has behav$ s badly t ,i d n recomm5d x4 ,7 x n = ?is fault1 ,i %\ld gr[ no o!r v>iety4 ,9 view ( ?is invet]ate evil1 mildew1 :i* is s seldom escap$ & s difficult to ov]come1 we mu/ turn to ! second great class1 our native species1 s9ce !y are adapt$ to our climate4 ,( ^! !re are sev]al species1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are ! mo/ prom95t3 ,ribes speciosum1 %[y1 fl[]+ gooseb]ry ( ,cali=nia1 cultivat$ = ornam5t1 especially 9 ,engl&1 & likely to succe$ 9 ! s\!rn ,middle ,/ates4 ,x is tra9$ l a climb]2 has small1 %9+ leaves1 v h&some fl[]s resembl+ ^? ( a fu*sia1 b]ry prickly1 & few-se$$4 ,r4 rotundifolium1 m common 9 ! ,we/1 is (t5 d[ny-leav$2 p$uncles sl5d]2 ! sl5d] /am5s & two-p>t$ /yle long] ?an ! n>r[ calyx2 b]ry smoo?4 ,r4 cynosbati is f\nd 9 ! rocky woods ( ! ,nor?1 is d[ny-leav$1 ) sl5d] p$uncle1 /am5s & undivid$ /yle n exce$+ ! broad calyx2 l>ge b]ry1 usually prickly4 ,r4 lacu/re1 ,lake or ,swamp ,gooseb]ry1 ) ! prickly /ems ( ! gooseb]ry1 b ) a raceme ( fl[]s l ^? ( a currant2 f\nd 9 ! cold bogs & wet woods ( ! ,nor?2 small1 bri/ly b]ries1 ( unpleasant flavor4 ,la/1 b by no means ! lea/1 is ! ,ribes hirtellum1 commone/ 9 our ,ea/]n ,/ates1 seldom d[ny1 ) v %ort ?orns or none1 v %ort p$uncles1 /am5s & two-cleft /yle sc>cely long] ?an ! bell-%ap$ calyx2 & ! smoo? b]ry is purple1 small & sweet4 7,gray47 ,?is is ! p>5t ( ! mo/ widely kn[n ( our native v>ieties1 ! ,h\ghton ,se$l+1 nam$ f its orig9ator1 ,abel ,h\ghton1 ( ,lynn1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! bu% is a vigor\s gr[]1 t w ?rive1 ) dec5t culture1 on any mod]ately good soil1 & is v r>ely injur$ by mildew4 ,at ! same "t x improves greatly "u high culture & prun+4 ,! bu% has a sl5d] & ev5 weep+ habit ( gr[?1 & c be propagat$ readily by cutt+s4 ,f ! ,h\ghton h be5 gr[n two se$l+s t n[ are ju/ly ! mo/ popul>4 ,! fir/ & be/ ( ^! is ! ,d[n+1 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,d[n+ ( ,newburgh4 ,x is an upright1 vigor\s-gr[+ plant1 v productive4 ,fruit some:at l>g] ?an ! ,h\ghton1 r\ndi%-oval1 :iti%-gre51 ) ! rib ve9s di/9ct4 ,sk9 smoo?4 ,fle% r s(t1 juicy4 ,i consid] ?is ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable v>iety t c be g5]ally gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 flavor1 x is excell5t4 ,i h _h good success ) ?is :5ev] ,i h giv5 x fair culture4 ,x does n propagate readily f cutt+s1 & !re=e ,i increase x usually by lay]+4 ,! second se$l+ is ,smi?'s ,improv$1 a comp>atively new v>iety t is w9n+ favor4 ,x m closely resembles ! ,h\ghton 9 its habit ( gr[? ?an ! ,d[n+1 & yet is m vigor\s & upright ?an its p>5t4 ,! fruit is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! ,h\ghton1 oval1 light gre51 ) a bloom1 mod]ately firm1 sweet & good4 ,m\nta9 ,se$l+1 orig9at+ ) ! ,%ak]s at ,lebanon1 ,new ,york1 is ! l>ge/ ( ! ,am]ican v>ieties1 b = "s reason x does n ga9 9 popul>ity4 ,clu/]1 or ,am]ican ,r$1 is a v>iety ( unkn[n orig94 ,! ance/ral bu% may h be5 f\nd 9 ! woods4 ,! fruit is sc>cely z l>ge z t ( ! ,h\ghton1 is d>k] 9 color :5 fully ripe1 hangs long on ! bu%1 & is sweet & good4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,b>ry says t x nev] mildews4 ,!re=e1 x %\ld be made "o ( ! p>5ts ( new v>ieties1 = 9 ?is direction lies ! future ( ?is fruit 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 support ( ?is op9ion1 ,i am l$ to quote ! foll[+ lett]1 rec5tly receiv$3 ,i write to call y\r att5tion to a native v>iety ( gooseb]ry1 ( :i* y make no m5tion 9 y\r ',scribn] ,pap]s1' gr[+ 9 great abundance 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 at an elevation ( f #b1jjj to #c1jjj feet1 (t5 9 ! mo/ expos$ places1 g5]ally on nor!rn slopes4 ,?9k+ x may n h come to y\r k1 ,i w describe x4 ,! bu% is ( /iff1 erect habit1 two to ?ree feet high1 a /ocky gr[] & an abundant be>]4 ,! b]ries v>y f "o-half to "o & "o-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 are cov]$ ) innum]able ?orns1 sc>cely less savage 9 ! gre5 /ate ?an ^? on an ord9>y wild bu% ( ?is c\ntry4 ,:5 cook$1 ! prickles s(t5 d[n to ! same consi/5ce z ! sk91 :i* is r ?ick4 ,:5 ripe1 !y are easily peel$1 & well repay ! tr\ble1 ! sp9es be+ !n mu* less obdurate ?an :5 gre54 ,! mature fruit is ( a deep1 dull1 copp]y r$ color1 & 9 flavor is equal1 if n sup]ior1 to any ( ! r$ v>ieties :i* ,i h eat5 9 ,engl&4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ :e!r cultivation might n remove ! sp9es f ! b]ries1 or1 t fail+1 :e!r a se$l+ c\ld n be rais$ f !m :i* w\ld give u a b]ry f> m reliable ?an any good gooseb]ry we n[ h4 ,! scor*+ sun ( ! long1 dry season ( ,cali=nia seem$ to h no effect on ! foliage1 & is five ye>s' exp]i5ce ,i nev] f\nd a mildew$ b]ry4 ,! b]ry is r\nd1 l ! r$ ,engli% b]ries1 in/ead ( ellipsoid1 l _! :ite or gold5 ones4 ,!re is also ano!r v>iety1 hairy in/ead ( sp9y1 ab\t ! size ( y\r picture ( ! ,d[n+2 bu% n s free a gr[]1 r>ely rea*+ two feet1 & ! b]ry1 to my ta/e1 mu* inf]ior4 ,ta/es1 h[ev]1 diff]1 & x may be ! m promis+ fruit4 ,bo? v>ieties are common ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n end ( ,el ,dorado1 ,plac]1 & ,nevada c\nties4 ,! fir/-nam$1 or ?orny gooseb]ry1 probably belongs to ! ,ribes cynosbati1 & ! latt] to ! ,r4 rotundifolium4 ,! writ] is correct 9 ?9k+ t1 if su* gooseb]ries are gr[+ wild1 cultivation & selection c\ld secure va/ improvem5ts4 ,:5 we rememb] t ,engli% g>d5]s />t$ ) a native species inf]ior to ours1 we are l$ to believe t ef=t & skill l !irs w "h be rew>d$ by k9ds z sup]b1 & z p]fectly adapt$ to our climate4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,diseases ,,& ,,insect ,,enemies ,,( ,,small ,,fruits ,nature is v imp>tial4 ,x is evid5tly h] int5tion t we %all enjoy all ! fruits = :i* we are will+ to pay h] price1 9 "w1 c>e1 or skill1 b %e seems equally b5t on supply+ ! hateful :ite grub ) /rawb]ry roots1 & currant worms ) succul5t foliage4 ,inde$1 x might ev5 appe> t %e _h a lean+ t[>d h] small *ildr51 no matt] h[ pe/if]\s !y are4 ,at any rate1 "u ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 lordly man is (t5 _! s]vant1 & !y reap ! rew>d ( 8 labors4 ,did n ,nature /umble a little :5 man fell8 ,%e manages to keep on ! "r side ( ! poets & pa9t]s1 = x w\ld seem t !y see h] only :5 9 moods t are smil+1 s]i\s1 or gr&4 ,! sci5ti/1 too1 %e beguiles1 by %[+ "u ! microscope h[ exquisitely %e has fa%ion$ "s little embodim5t ( evil t may be ! t]ror ( a prov9ce1 or ! sc\rge ( a cont95t4 ,:ile ! le>n$ man is expla9+ h[ wond]fully its m9ute organs are =m$1 = ma/ication1 assimilation1 procreation1 etc41 practical p1 :o h _! bread to e>n1 are impati5tly wi%+ t ! :ole g5us 0 "u _! heels1 confid5t t ! organs w\ld become /ill m m9ute4 ,! horticulturi/ %\ld be ca/ 9 h]oic mold1 = he n only mu/ be> 8 "p 9 ! fight ) moral wrong1 l o!r m51 b mu/ also cope ) vegetable & insect evil4 ,we$s1 bugs1 worms1 :at hateful little vices _m ( !m seem 9 nature6 ,i d n wi% to be ?\ght indiscrim9ate4 ,_m insects are h>mless & beautiful2 &1 if h>mless1 no "o c object if !y are n pretty4 ,n a few are v useful1 z1 = in/ance1 ! little p>asite ( ! cabbage worm4 ,!re is ne$ ( a g5]al & unremitt+ crusade aga9/ our insect enemies2 b x %\ld be a discrim9at+ w>1 = x is d[nright cruelty to kill a h>mless creature1 h[ev] small4 ,/ill1 !re are _m pe/s t1 l c]ta9 =ms ( evil1 w de/roy if n de/roy$2 & !y h br\ght disa/] & f9ancial ru9 to multitudes4 ,m>k ,tapley hit ^u ! true philosophy ( life1 & x is usually possible to take a *e]ful view ( ev]y?+2 su* a view ,i sugge/ to ! read]1 9 reg>d to ! pe/s ( ! g>d5 t (t5 lead u into sympa?y ) ! man :o wi%$ t !re 0 a =m ( s\nd words 9 ! ,pray]-,book :i* might be us$ 9 cases ( great provocation4 ,"u ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 skills1 indu/ry1 & prompt1 vigilant action are rew>d$4 ,humanity's besett+ s9 is laz9ess2 b we$s & insects = mon?s toge!r make ?is vice wellnigh impossible1 save to ^? :o are s un=tunate z to live on ! indu/ry ( o!rs4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh our fruits (t5 suff]1 m5 are develop$1 & made m pati5t1 en]getic1 resolute1 p]sev]+--9 brief1 m manly4 ,put ! av]age man into a g>d5 :]e !re 7 no vegetable diseases1 insects1 & we$s to cope )1 & he himself w\ld become a we$4 ,moreov]1 x w\ld seem t 9 ^? regions :]e ,nature h9d]s m5 z mu* z %e helps !m1 !y are all ! bett] = _! difficulties1 & _! g>d5s also4 ,su* skill & en]gy are develop$ t n only are ! horticultural enemies vanqui%$1 b !y are (t5 made ! means ( a ri*] & a full] success4 ,9 a valuable pap] read be=e ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 & rec5tly publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,entomologi/1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] makes ! foll[+ useful sugge/ions3 ,insects & diseases are frequ5tly s closely unit$1 or s dep5d5t ^u ea* o!r1 t ! naturali/ (t5 f9ds x difficult to det]m9e to :i* ! fruit gr[] %\ld attribute 8 losses4 ,"s species ( insects attack only diseas$ or dead plants2 o!rs only ! liv+ & heal?y4 ,if a plant %[s signs ( fail+1 we are incl9$ to speak ( x z be+ diseas$1 :e!r ! failure is caus$ by a lack ( "s elem5t 9 ! soil1 attacks ( p>asitic fungi1 or noxi\s insects4 ,! loss is ! same 9 ! end1 :e!r f "o or all ( ^! enemies comb9$4 ,!re are two practical me?ods ( combat+ insect enemies & diseases ( plants2 "o is to s c>efully cultivate & /imulate ! gr[? ( ! plants t !y may possess ! p[] ( resi/+ attack2 ! o!r is to make w> directly ^u !m by artificial means4 ,( c\rse1 ! fir/ me?od is mo/ applicable or practicable aga9/ ! m m9ute species1 su* z ! plant-lice1 ru/1 smut1 & mildew4 ,i d n recomm5d =c+ plants to extremes1 9 ord] to enable !m to resi/ _! enemies1 z ?is might "w an irrep>able injury2 b ! condition to be aim$ at %\ld be a heal?y1 vigor\s gr[?2 = any?+ beyond ?is is m ! sign ( weakness ?an /r5g?4 ,! half-/>v$1 ov]work$ & unc>$-= horse is sure1 soon] or lat]1 to become ! prey ( v>i\s k9ds ( int]nal & ext]nal p>asites1 :i* are ?r[n (f1 or successfully resi/$ 9 _! attacks1 by ! heal?y1 vigor\s1 & well-f$ animal2 & ! same pr9ciple holds good all ?r\gh ! animal & vegetable k+doms--:e!r ! subject be a man1 horse1 /urdy oak1 or delicate /rawb]ry plant4 ,n t all diseases are due to loss ( vigor ?r\gh />vation & neglect2 b t a l>ge numb] ( !m are is well kn[n4 ,,/rawb]ries ,we all h se5 ^! pr9ciples v]ifi$4 ,9 ! ,great ,am]ican /rawb]ry1 ,i ?9k1 we h an example ( feebl5ess result+ f ov]-/imulation4 ,! ,wilson ,se$l+1 t1 9 ! local v]nacul>1 is sometimes said to be runn+ out1 is1 9 contra/1 ! consequ5ce ( />vation1 neglect1 & long-cont9u$ propagation f poor1 mix$ /ock4 ,feebl5ess c sc>cely be call$ a disease1 & yet x is be/ c\nt]act$ by ! tonic treatm5t sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,full]4 ,9 loose1 light soils1 ! ,aphis1 or ,gre5 ,fly1 (t5 p5etrates to ! roots ( /rawb]ry plants 9 imm5se numb]s1 & !y suck away life or vitality4 ,! tonic ( wood-a%es scatt]$ ov] ! r[s w usually de/roy ! pe/s4 ,refuse f ! tobacco-factory is also recomm5d$4 ,i ?9k t wood-a%es & bone-du/ are excell5t prev5tives ( burn+ or sun-scald+4 ,!y give ! plants su* vigor t !y are able to resi/ sudd5 or great climatic *anges1 f heat to cold1 or f dr\ght to moi/ure4 ,_m v>ieties are enfeebl$ by _! disposition to run pr(usely4 ,k]r's ,prolific1 = example1 w spe$ily sod ! gr\nd ) small1 puny plants1 ^: foliage w burn s badly t ! fruit c sc>cely mature4 ,set out ^! small plants1 & give ! tonic treatm5t ( cutt+ (f all runn]s1 & l>ge1 bu%y /ools1 ) vigor\s foliage & sup]b fruit1 w result4 ,inde$1 next to f]tiliz]s & moi/ure1 !re is no?+ t s enhances ! vigor & productiv5ess ( a plant z clipp+ ! runn]s z fa/ z !y appe>4 ,! uncurb$ habit ( runn+ depletes almo/ l disease2 & b few v>ieties w make l>ge fruit buds & runn]s at ! same "t4 ,9 close1 wet wea!r ! fruit & leaf /alks w sometimes suff] f mildew2 & occasionally a microscopic fungus1 kn[n z ! /rawb]ry br&1 w attack ! foliage4 ,i h also se51 9 a few in/ances1 a disease t resembl$ ! curl-leaf 9 raspb]ries4 ,! plants 7 dw>f$1 foliage wr9kl$ & ru/y1 & fruit mis%ap51 l small1 gn>ly apples4 ,9 all su* in/ances ,i believe 9 tonic treatm5t1 ( wood-a%es1 bone-du/1 guano1 & f]tiliz]s ( l nature1 us$ ) c>e4 ,plants d n ne$ ov]-doses or ov]-fe$+ any m ?an we d ourselves4 ,:5 a few plants are diseas$1 ,i believe 9 rigor\sly root+ !m out & burn+ !m4 ,if a field is affect$1 z soon z possible turn ! plants "u1 & r5ovate ! l& ) clov]1 buck:eat1 a light dress+ ( lime1 & ?or\gh exposure to ! air1 light1 & fro/4 ,by su* me?ods1 & a wise selection ( f]tiliz]s1 ,i believe t /rawb]ries c be rais$ on ! same gr\nd = c5turies4 ,my plants h always be5 exceptionally free f all k9ds ( disease or ru/1 & ,i attribute x to ! lib]al use ( wood-a%es4 ,b !re is "o enemy t inspires me ) fe> & unm+l$ disgu/4 ,x is ! type ( a c]ta9 phase ( "* 9 society mo/ difficult to deal )1 & :i* ! mantle ( *>ity is r>ely broad en\gh to cov]--! /upidly & /olidly malignant1 :o h j s5se en\gh to d a great deal ( mis*ief1 & to keep x hidd5 until too late = rem$y4 ,sci5ce has dignifi$ ! dete/able ?+ ) a sonor\s "n1 z usual--! ,la*no/]na ,fusca1 already ref]r$ to4 ,x does n des]ve ev5 its "n 9 ! common v]nacul>--,:ite ,grub2 = its :ite is ( a d+y hue1 & its head d>k1 l its de$s4 ,has x a r$eem+ trait8 ,give ! de'il 8 due1 says ! prov]b4 ,! be/ ,i c say ( ! :ite grub is t cr[s1 & an odor\s animal ,i =be> to "n1 are v fond ( x1 ,?is fact1 ,i ?9k1 is its sole virtue1 its "o entry on ! cr$it side2 b !re is a long1 d>k score aga9/ x4 ,( its havoc on ! lawn & f>m ,i w n speak1 s9ce x is suffici5t = our purposes to /ate t x is ! /rawb]ry's wor/ foe4 ,! be/ me?od ( circumv5t+ ! v>m9t is to le>n its ways2 & !re=e ,i %all outl9e its hi/ory1 beg9n+ at a p]iod 9 its be+ :5 /upidity pr$om9ates ov] its evil-t is1 :5 x is ! ,may beetle or ,june bug1 t blund]s & bumps ar\nd 9 utt] disreg>d ( itself & e "o else4 ,9 ?is /age x is l ! awkw>d village loaf]1 quiet by day1 b active & obtrusive 9 ! e>ly ev5+4 ,x dislikes hone/ sun%9e1 b is attract$ by artificial light1 at :i* x precipitates itself ) ! same lack ( s5se & reason t m>ks ! loaf]'s gravitation t[>d a light$ grogg]y4 ,moreov]1 9 ! beetle phase1 x is sure to appe> at ! mo/ inopportune times & unsuitable places1 creat+ ! inevitable commotion :i* ! blund] & tactless are born to make4 ,z x :isks aimlessly ar\nd1 x may hit ! cl]gyman's nose 9 ! mo/ pa!tic s5t5ce ( 8 s]mon1 or drop into ! soprano's m\? at ! supreme climax ( h] trill4 ,satan himself c\ld sc>cely produce a m complete abs5ce ( devotion ?an is (t5 caus$ by ^! bra9less creatures4 ,because quiet by day1 !y are n out ( mis*ief1 z defoliat$ trees (t5 prove4 ,z midsumm] approa*es1 !y die (f2 b nev] until ea* female beetle has put into ! gr\nd ab\t two hundr$ eggs1 :i* nev] fail to hat*4 ,! fir/ ye>1 ! grubs are little1 &1 :ile !y d all ! h>m !y c1 ! small roots !y de/roy are n s]i\sly miss$ by ! plants4 ,! second ye>1 _! ability keeps pace ) _! disposition1 & !y occasionally de/roy /rawb]ries by ! acre4 ,m (t51 c]ta9 pat*es ( a field or g>d5 are infe/$1 & sometimes w be kept b>e ( plants 9 spite ( all "o c d4 ,too (t51 ! pres5ce ( ! grub is le>n$ only aft] ! mis*ief is complete4 ,y may h pett$ a /rawb]ry plant = a ye>1 & aft] x has develop$ into noble proportions1 & awak5$ ! be/ expectations f its load ( immature fruit1 y w1 p]haps1 f9d x wilt+ "s morn+4 ,y !n le>n1 = ! fir/ "t1 t ?is insidi\s enemy has be5 at "w = days1 & t n a root is left4 ,an in* or two b5ea? ! dy+ plant1 ! grub lies gorg$ & quiet 9 ! e>ly morn+2 b if undi/urb$ x soon seeks ! next-be/ plant x c f9d1 & x is s voraci\s t x is h>d to compute ! numb] x c de/roy ?r\gh\t ! long season 9 :i* x works4 ,hav+ made its full gr[? 9 ! spr+ ( ! ?ird ye>1 ?is grub passes into ! *rysalis /ate1 & 9 ,may or ,june comes out a p]fect insect or beetle4 ,x is "o1 two1 ?ree1 & out4 ,:ile !re are beetles e ye>1 !re is1 9 e locality1 a special crop e ?ird ye>2 9 o!r words1 if we obs]ve beetles 9 great numb]s dur+ ! com+ ,may & ,june1 we may expect !m aga9 9 l quantities ?ree ye>s aft]2 & e second ye> f su* sup]-abundance !y w be v de/ructive 9 all ^? fields ?r\gh\t ! locality :]e9 ! eggs 7 laid4 ,,rem$ies ,:5 once our soil is full ( !m1 sc>cely any rem$y is possible t ye>4 ,surface applications t w\ld kill ! grubs w\ld also kill ! plants4 ,:]e !y are few & scatt]+1 !y c be dug out & kill$4 ,sometimes boys are paid s mu* a p9t4 ,:5 see+ a wilt+ plant1 x w\ld sc>cely be human nature n to dig out ! pe/ & gr9d x "u our heel4 ,prev5tion ( ! evil is usually our be/ hope4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ writes to me3 ,i believe t if y w\ld use refuse salt ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 succession1 at ! rate ( five or six bu%els to ! acre1 ! grubs w\ld n tr\ble y mu*4 ,salt w n kill ! full-gr[n l>vae1 b ^? 9 a v "y /ate4 ,! read] w rememb] a /atem5t 9 ,mr4 ,hale's lett] on comm]cial f]tiliz]s confirmatory ( ?is view4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ?is direction %\ld be c>efully made1 s9ce1 9 "o in/ance t ,i am aw>e (1 a fruit gr[] rem>k$1 ,i d n "k :e!r ! salt kill$ ! grubs1 b ,i "k x kill$ my plants4 ,x is my purpose1 h[ev]1 to try ?is ag5t v ?or\ghly4 ,!re is dang] ( our be+ misl$ 9 our e/imate ( ! value ( rem$ies1 f =getfulness ( ! habits ( ! insect4 ,we f9d our gr\nd full ( l>vae "o ye>1 & apply "s cure or prev5tive4 ,! foll[+ spr+1 ! l>vae become beetles & fly away1 &1 ev5 if !y fill ! same gr\nd ) eggs aga91 ! grubs are too small to be notic$ t ye>2 & !re=e we may claim t our rem$y is effectual1 :5 !re may h be5 no effect f x :atev]4 ,"o ( ! be/ prev5tives is to keep ! soil "u cultivation1 = ?is beetle r>ely lays its eggs 9 loose soil1 pref]r+ old mead[s & moi/1 loamy1 sodd$ l&2 ! l>vae are equally fond ( grass roots4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y a ye> or two ( cultivation mu/ (t5 prec$e ! plant+ ( /rawb]ries4 ,:5 ?is fruit is gr[n 9 matt$ b$s1 !y af=d z attractive a place = ! deposit ( eggs z grass l&2 & ?is is ano!r fact 9 favor ( ! n>r[-r[ sy/em & ?or\gh cultivation4 ,mr4 ,caywood1 a nurs]yman1 says t he has prev5t$ ! approa* ( ! grub by mix+ a teaspoonful ( sulphur 9 ! soil j b5ea? a plant1 :5 sett+ x out4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,b4 ,mead recomm5ds ! pomace ( ! ca/or bean spread on ! surface ar\nd ! plants4 ,i h nev] tri$ ^! prev5tives4 ,"o ?+ c]ta9ly might be done2 ext]m9at+ w> might be wag$ on ! beetles4 ,9 ! morn+ !y are sluggi% & easily caught2 & 9 ! ev5+ we c treat !m z :iskey v5d]s d ! loaf]s--burn !m up4 ,e female beetle kill$ heads (f #bjj grubs4 ,if "o c\ld discov] a complete rem$y = ?is pe/1 he w\ld des]ve a /atue 9 bronze4 ,mr4 ,full] _h a dome/icat$ cr[ t w\ld eat a hundr$ ( ^! grubs daily4 ,:5 dome/icat$1 he adds1 ! cr[ =gets ! tricks ( 8 wild nature1 &1 n be+ a timid bird1 he is n fright5$ by hoe or spade1 b :5 ! e>? is turn$ ov]1 is g5]ally !re to see & d 8 duty4 ,a fruit gr[] writes to ,pr(essor ,c4 ,v4 ,riley3 ,i inclose specim5s ( a t]rible pe/ on my /rawb]ry v9es4 ,! leaves are almo/ entirely de/roy$4 ,i mu/ fight !m "s way1 or else give up ! fruit entirely1 etc4 ,9 a lett] to ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 ,pr(essor ,riley repli$3 ,! insect ref]r$ to is ! ,/rawb]ry ,worm 7,emphytus maculatus71 ! l>va ( a saw-fly1 :i* is ( q frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,we/4 ,i quote ! foll[+ acc\nt ( x f my ,n9? ,report3 ',e>ly 9 ! spr+ num]\s flies may be se5 hang+ to & fly+ ab\t ! v9es 9 fields :i* h be5 previ\sly affect$4 ,!y are dull & inactive 9 ! cool ( ! morn+ & ev5+1 & at ^! h\rs are seldom notic$4 ,!y are ( a pit*y black color1 ) two r[s ( l>ge1 transv]se1 dull1 :iti% spots ^u ! abdom54 ,! female1 ) ! saw-l in/rum5t peculi> to ! insects ( ?is family1 deposits h] eggs1 by a mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ process1 9 ! /ems ( ! plants1 cl++ ! :ile to ! hairy sub/ance by :i* ^! /ems are cov]$4 ',! eggs are :ite1 opaque1 & #j4jc ( an in* long1 & may be readily p]ceiv$ ^u splitt+ ! /alk1 ?\gh ! outside orifice at :i* !y 7 introduc$ is sc>cely visible4 ,!y soon increase some:at 9 bulk1 caus+ a swell+ ( ! /alk1 & hat* 9 two weeks--m or less1 accord+ to ! temp]ature2 & dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ,may ! worms attract att5tion by ! innum]able small holes !y make 9 ! leaves4 ,_! colors are dirty yell[ & gray-gre51 & :5 n fe$+1 !y re/ on ! "u side ( ! leaf1 curl$ up 9 a spiral mann]1 ! tail occupy+ ! c5tre1 & fall to ! gr\nd at ! slighte/ di/urbance4 ,aft] *ang+ _! sk9 f\r times !y become fully gr[n1 :5 !y measure ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in*4 ',at ?is season !y desc5d into ! gr\nd1 & =m a weak cocoon ( e>?1 ! inside be+ made smoo? by a sort ( gum4 ,9 ?is !y soon *ange to pupae1 f :i* are produc$ a second bre$ ( flies by ! end ( ,june & beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ,july wea!r1 ! :ole process ( egg deposit+1 etc41 is rapidly repeat$1 & ! second brood ( worms desc5d into ! e>? dur+ ! =e "p ( ,augu/1 & =m _! cocoons2 9 :i* !y rema9 9 ! cat]pill> /ate ?r\gh ! fall1 w9t]1 & e>ly spr+ mon?s1 till ! middle ( ,april foll[+1 :5 !y become pupae & flies aga91 z relat$4 ',! rem$y is ! same z t employ$ aga9/ ! currant worm1 :i* belongs to ! same family4 ,x consi/s ( :ite hellebore1 us$ ei!r 9 p[d] or liquid4' ,i ?9k t tobacco du/ or a /rong decoction f ! /ems w\ld prove effective1 also4 ,i h nev] _h any exp]i5ce ) ?is worm1 b h read ( in/ances 9 :i* fields _h be5 entirely cle>$ ( ! pe/ by "y *ick5s & turkeys4 ,! common little flea-beetle has (t5 caus$ great injury to my rec5tly plant$ b$s4 ,i once paid ne>ly #ajj = a new1 high-pric$ v>iety1 & be=e ,i 0 aw>e ( x e plant _h be5 dev\r$4 ,!y r>ely injure l>ge1 fully matur$ plants1 b are (t5 v de/ructive to ^? rec5tly plant$1 especially if set dur+ ! summ]4 ,y c n cat* !m2 =1 z y\r h& approa*es a leaf on :i* !y clu/]1 !y scatt] ) a sudd5 b\nd1 & are at once lo/ to view1 s ne>ly d !y resemble ! color ( ! gr\nd4 ,slight du/+s ( dry wood-a%es imp$e _! fe$+ some:at2 b ,i ?9k we mu/ cope ) ?is insect z we d ) ! ,colorado or potato beetle4 ,x mu/ be poison$4 ,p>is gre51 ( c\rse1 w f9i% !m spe$ily1 b su* a deadly poison mu/ be us$ ) great c>e1 & if !re is any gre5 or ripe fruit on ! v9es1 n us$ at all4 ,hellebore1 ,london purple1 tobacco du/1 may de/roy !m2 & :5 little *ick5s c be employ$1 !y are a sure rem$y4 ,black eyes1 or ! receptacle turn+ black1 is caus$ by light fro/s1 to :i* ! op5 fl[]s are v susceptible4 ,if "o's /rawb]ry b$ 7 9 bloom1 & !re 0 a prospect ( a fro/y night1 ,i ?9k ! blossoms c\ld be sav$ by cov]+ ! b$ ) f\r or five in*es ( /raw or hay1 & rak+ x (f aga9 z soon z ! temp]ature rose suffici5tly high 9 ! morn+4 ,)\t d\bt1 new diseases & enemies to ! /rawb]ry w be develop$ 9 ! future1 & z !y come we mu/ exp]im5t till we f9d "s means ( ma/]+ !m4 ,,raspb]ries ,,& ,,blackb]ries ,^! two fruits are s ne> ak9 t !y are subject to ! attacks ( ! same diseases & enemies4 ,! mo/ fatal sc\rge ( r$ raspb]ries t ,i h se5 is :at is call$ at ,m>lboro' ! curl-leaf2 &1 if un*eck$1 x w ev5tually bani% ! fam\s ,hudson ,riv] ,antw]p f cultivation4 ,z yet1 no rem$y has be5 f\nd = x t ,i am aw>e (4 ,i believe x to be contagi\s1 & w\ld advise t ! plants be dug out & burn$ imm$iately1 & t plantations ( /rong1 heal?y plants be made on new l& t has nev] be5 9 raspb]ries4 ,i also sugge/ ! free use ( wood-a%es & well-decay$ compo/4 ,z f> z my exp]i5ce goes1 ?is disease is conf9$ to =eign v>ieties1 & almo/ :olly1 z yet1 to ! ,antw]ps4 ,mr4 ,full]1 9 ! pap] already nam$1 describes a disease among blackb]ries t resembles ! raspb]ry curl-leaf s closely t x may be id5tical1 & spr+ f ! same cause4 ,"s t5 ye>s ago1 ! cultivators ( ! blackb]ry 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,new ,j]sey notic$ t ! ends ( ! "y1 gr[+ canes1 9 summ]1 w\ld occasionally curl1 twi/ ab\t1 & (t5 assume a s+ul>1 fasciat$ =m1 result+ 9 an entire *eck to _! gr[?4 ,! leaves on ^! infe/$ %oots did n die & fall (f1 b m]ely curl$ up1 sometimes assum+ a deep] gre5 ?an ! heal?y leaves on ! same /alk4 ,at ! approa* ( w9t]1 ! infe/$ leaves rema9$ firmly atta*$ to ! diseas$ /ems2 & all ?r\gh ! cold wea!r1 & f> into ! spr+1 ^! leaf-lad5 & diseas$ /ems 7 a conspicu\s object 9 _m ( ! blackb]ry plantations ( ?is ,/ate4 ,if ! infe/$ %oots are exam9$ 9 summ]1 ?\s&s ( m9ute insects1 ( a pale yell[ color1 & cov]$ ) a p[d]y exudation1 w be f\nd suck+ ! juices ( ! succul5t /em & leaves1 caus+ ! crimp+1 curl+1 & twi/+ ( ^! p>ts z describ$4 ,?is p>asite resembles some:at an ord9>y gre5fly 7,aphis7 or plant l\se2 b1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,riley1 x belongs to ! closely alli$ ,flea-lice family 7,psyllidae71 di/+ui%$ f ! plant-lice by a diff]5t ve9+ ( ! w+s1 & by ! ant5nae be+ knobb$ at ! tip1 l ^? ( ! butt]fly1 ! knob usually t]m9at+ 9 two bri/les4 ,^! insects jump z briskly z a flea1 f :i* *>act]i/ic !y d]ive _! sci5tific "n4 ,! p>ticul> species 9 "q 0 call$ by ,pr(essor ,riley ! ',bramble-,flea-l\se 7,psylla rubi ,footnote3 ,x c n be di/+ui%$ f ,psylla tripunctata1 ,fit* 7,catalogue ( ,homopt]a1 etc471 &1 :at is mo/ s+ul>1 ! same species is v common on p9e-trees all ov] ! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t1 f ,florida to ,canada471' 9 ! ,am]ican ,entomologi/ 7,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bbe74 ,x has increas$ rapidly dur+ ! pa/ half-doz5 ye>s or m1 & unless fruit-gr[]s make a m vigor\s fight ?an !y h yet done1 x w soon get ! ma/]y ( _m blackb]ry plantations4 ,! only practical me?od z yet discov]$ = *eck+ ! ravages ( ?is insect is to cut (f ! ends ( ! infe/$ canes & burn !m4 ,?is op]ation %\ld always be p]=m$ ei!r 9 ! morn+ or dur+ cool1 wet wea!r1 else _m ( ! insects w escape2 & at all times ! sev]$ %oots %\ld be imm$iately dropp$ into bags1 & 9 !m c>ri$ to ! place :]e !y are to be burn$1 & !re empti$ into ! fire4 ,if e "o hav+ blackb]ry bu%es 9 _! g>d5s w\ld practice ?is me?od ( de/ruction1 ?is pe/ w\ld soon cease to d mu* h>m4 ,!re are species ( bor]s & gall insects t attack ^! two fruits1 b z yet !y h n become =midable4 ,all infe/$ canes %\ld be cut out & burn$ ) _! cont5ts1 or else ! pe/s may s increase z to cause mu* injury4 ,! l>vae ( ! ,sel&ria rubi1 an insect ne>ly relat$ to ! import$ currant worm1 & kn[n z ! raspb]ry saw-fly1 is de/ructive 9 "s regions4 ,x is semi-transp>5t1 & s l ! foliage 9 color t x c\ld sc>cely be detect$1 did n ! ragg$1 p]=at$ leaves indicate bo? its pres5ce & its mis*ief4 ,?is worm measures half an in* 9 l5g?1 :5 fully develop$4 ,x has two black eyes1 l spots1 ^u a gre5 head1 & usually a slightly fuzzy body4 ,! rem$ies recomm5d$ are ! same z ^? us$ aga9/ ! currant worm4 ,i h _h no exp]i5ce ) ?is pe/4 ,! ,orange-ru/ 7,ur$o rubrum7 is "o ( ! wor/ ( foes to bo? ! blackb]ry & raspb]ry--! ,rubus occid5talis1 or black-cap family1 suff]+ ! mo/1 usually4 ,i h se5 fields ( ! ,e>ly ,wilson & ,kittat9ny blackb]ries 9 ,new ,j]sey t pres5t$ a melan*oly appe>ance4 ,x is believ$ to be v contagi\s1 & x c be spread by bo? trimm] & pick]s4 ,mr4 ,*as4 ,a4 ,gre51 ( ,monroe ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 writes3 ,! end plant ( a r[ 9 my g>d5 0 affect$1 & ,i let x rema91 z an exp]im5t4 ,9 ?ree ye>s1 ne>ly e plant 9 ! r[ 0 m or less diseas$4 ,we h tri$ pick+ ! leaves & cutt+ back ! canes1 )\t relief1 & h f\nd t ! only safe me?od is to dig out & de/roy all affect$ plants )\t delay4 ,mr4 ,full] says t application ( lime1 salt1 or "s simil> sub/ance1 may *eck ! disease2 b ,i "k ( no rem$y except t ( root+ up e affect$ plant1 & burn+ x4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ recomm5ds ! same c\rse4 ,x is "o ( ^? evils t %\ld be /amp$ out at once4 ,if a plantation 7 g5]ally affect$ ) ?is yell[ symbol ( contagion1 x w\ld be well to de/roy all ! plants1 &1 obta9+ new1 heal?ful /ock f a di/ance1 />t aga9 on diff]5t gr\nds4 ,%\ld ! sn[y tree-cricket become v abundant1 x might cause mu* injury1 *iefly by cutt+ (f ! leaves1 z ! ord9>y cut-worm s]ves ! /em ( a "y plant4 ,,currants ,,& ,,gooseb]ries ,we h n only import$ our be/ currants f ,europe1 b also _! wor/ enemies4 ,! mo/ =midable ( ^! is popul>ly kn[n z ! currant worm4 ,rob]t ,?ompson1 ! ,engli% au?ority1 ?us describes x3 ,! magpie mo? 7,abraxas grossul>iata7 deposits its eggs ^u ! foliage1 & f !m is hat*$ a slightly hairy cream-color$ cat]pill>1 spott$ ) black1 & m>k$ ) orange along ! sides1 & :i* =ms a loop 9 walk+4 ,x fe$s ^u ! leaves1 dev\r+ all b ! petiole1 & (t5 entirely defoliat+ bo? gooseb]ry & currant bu%es4 ,x *anges into a pupa 9 ,may or ,june1 & 9 ab\t ?ree weeks aft]w>d1 ! p]fect insect makes its appe>ance4 ,v naturally1 ?is currant worm made its debut ne> ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 a great fruit c5tre1 receiv+ annually l>ge importations ( plants4 ,its fir/ appe>ance 0 9 #aheg4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! cat]pill> ( ! ,phala5a van>ia1 a simil> insect1 is (t5 de/ructive4 ,:e!r x has appe>$ among u yet1 ,i am n in=m$4 ,!y fight x abroad z !y d ! ord9>y worm4 ,! gooseb]ry & currant saw-fly 7,nematus ribesii71 ano!r pe/if]\s =eign]1 has made its appe>ance 9 "s localities4 ,we h1 besides1 a native saw-fly 7,pri/iph]a grossul>iae71 :i* resembles its ,european cong5]1 & emulates x 9 mis*ief4 ,! l>va ( ?is fly fe$s ^u bo?1 ! currant & ! gooseb]ry1 b pref]s ! latt]4 ,nature is lib]al1 & has giv5 u1 9 addition1 a native gooseb]ry span-worm1 ! l>va ( a small mo?4 ,^! sev]al worms1 un*eck$1 w\ld soon r5d] ! culture ( ! currant & gooseb]ry impossible 9 ! regions :]e !y ab\nd$2 &1 at fir/1 horticulturi/s 7 almo/ 9 despair1 = ! pe/s seem$ pro( aga9/ ! usual insecticides & means ( de/ruction4 ,x 0 ev5tually discov]$ t p[d]$ :ite hellebore 0 a specific rem$y4 ,usually1 x is appli$ unmix$ ) o!r sub/ances2 & pa9s %\ld be tak5 to get a g5u9e article1 or else x w n de/roy ! worms4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,t4 ,jones1 ( ,ro*e/]1 recomm5ds ! foll[+3 ,to "o pailful ( wood-a%es1 add "o qu>t ea* ( :ite hellebore & fl[]s ( sulphur2 mix ?or\ghly2 apply by sift+ on ! bu%es :ile ! dew is on !m4 ,i us$ no?+ else on my plantation ( ov] two acres la/ season1 & want no?+ bett]2 b x mu/ be us$ daily z long z any worms are se54 ,i h he>d t1 if appli$ 9 a liquid =m1 a heap+ table-spoonful ( hellebore to a gallon ( wat] is a good proportion4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,hi/orical ,society1 x 0 /at$ by good au?orities1 z ! result ( actual exp]i5ce1 t tobacco-du/ w\ld kill ! worms z readily z hellebore4 ,i hope ?is is true1 s9ce ! latt] is exp5sive :5 appli$ on a l>ge scale1 & ! tobacco-du/ c be b\ght at f two doll>s to ?ree doll>s p] b>rel4 ,i %all try x next ye>4 ,i also quote ! foll[+ f a rec5t editorial by ,mr4 ,full]1 9 ! ,new ,york ,weekly ,sun3 ,:ite hellebore has long be5 consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ efficaci\s ( all poisons = ! import$ currant worm1 b a ,new ,j]sey fruit-gr[] ( consid]able exp]i5ce in=m$ u n long ago t he _h f\nd /rong tobacco wat] q z good z ! hellebore1 & x 0 also soon wa%$ (f by heavy ra9s1 :]eby ! fruit 0 n r5d]$ unfit = use1 z :5 o!r & m virul5t poisons are employ$4 ,to make a /rong solution1 put a half-bu%el or bu%el ( tobacco /ems1 or ev5 ! leaves1 into a cask or b>rel1 & press d[n & hold 9 place ) a /one or o!r weight2 !n p\r on hot wat] en\gh to cov] ! tobacco1 & leave x = a few days to /eep4 ,aft] /eep+1 ! cask may be fill$ up ) w>m or cold wat]1 & ! solution is ready = use4 ,if a half-p\nd or p\nd ( crude pota% is add$1 or a qu>t or two ( s(t soap is /irr$ 91 ! solution w be mu* improv$1 especially 9 its de/ructive prop]ties4 ,aft] us+ ! fir/ liquid1 ! b>rels may be fill$ aga9 ) wat]1 & left to /eep a few days long] ?an ! fir/ "t1 or "s fre% tobacco may be add$1 to give ! solution ! requir$ /r5g?4 ,tobacco wat] is c]ta9ly a *eap insecticide1 & w frequ5tly be f\nd q z efficaci\s z ^? t are m co/ly & tr\blesome to apply4 ,a g5tleman f ,erie1 ,pa41 writes to me t he has us$ ?is rem$y = ye>s1 ) complete success4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,mc,k4 ,beattie1 ( ,pict\1 ,nova ,scotia1 has writt5 to me ( a /ill simpl] me?od3 ,i notice 9 ! ,april numb] ( ',scribn]'s ,mon?ly' t y int5d to use tobacco-du/ to de/roy ! currant worms4 ,x w prove effectual2 b z ,i c give y a f> m simple plan1 ,i take ! lib]ty ( writ+4 ,x is "o :i* ,i h prov$ = ! pa/ sev5 ye>s1 & nev] h kn[n x to fail :]ev] tri$4 ,aft] digg+ ab\t my bu%es1 & manur+ 9 ! spr+1 ,i cov] ! e>? ar\nd ! bu%es ) tobacco /ems1 & place a h&ful 9 ! middle ( ! bu%1 & ! "w is done = ! season4 ,i f\nd t :5 us+ ! du/ ,i _h to r5ew x aft] e heavy ra91 :]eas ! /ems did n ne$ r5ew+1 unless x 0 a v wet season1 & !n1 if any worms appe>$1 a h&ful ( fre% /ems scatt]$ ?r\gh ! bu%es made !m disappe>4 ,! /ems h sev]al advantages3 !y are *eap] ?an du/2 !y s]ve z a mul* to keep ! gr\nd (f ! fruit2 & :5 dug 9 ab\t ! bu%1 !y make an excell5t manure4 ,i ?9k if y once gave !m a fair trial y w\ld nev] be tempt$ to try any o!r me?od4 ,la/ ye> /ems 7 v sc>ce "h1 & ,i c\ld n get en\gh to mul* all my bu%es1 s ,i only put a g5]\s h&ful 9 ! c5tre ( a good _m bu%es1 & !y 7 n tr\bl$2 b ,i w\ld n l to recomm5d t plan until ,i exp]im5t$ fur!r4 ,= ! pa/ two ye>s ! worm has attack$ my bu%es savagely2 b1 z ,i am v fond ( currants1 & reli% :ite1 p[d]$ sug> m ?an hellebore1 ,i f\ght ! pe/s successfully by h&-pick+4 ,i kept a boy1 at mod]ate wages1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to kill insects & worms4 ,he _h a lively "t ( x occasionally1 = ,nature sometimes appe>$ to take sides ) ! pe/s4 ,! cauti\s use ( lime & salt ar\nd & "u ! bu%es might prove b5eficial1 s9ce ! worm desc5ds into ! soil be=e *ang+ into a pupa4 ,! curr5t & gooseb]ry are also infe/$ ) sev]al species ( plant-lice4 ,a g5tleman ^: bu%es 7 attack$ by lice & ! currant worm at ! same "t1 wrote to ! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman t he de/roy$ bo? by a /rong decoction ( :ite hellebore1 appli$ f a f9e rose-spr9kl+ c4 ,! bu%es 7 turn$ back & =?1 s z to get ! solution on ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,! writ] concludes3 ,! decoction ( hellebore mu/ be /rong to be effectual4 ,i make x z foll[s3 ,to a gallon ( boil+ wat] add a tablespoonful ( pulv]iz$ hellebore4 ,aft] /&+ fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 add ?ree gallons ( common soapsuds4 ,:5 cool1 apply ) a spr9kl]1 ,i d n "k t !re is any virtue 9 ! soapsuds1 except+ x makes ! solution /ick to ! leaves4 ,!re are ?ree species ( currant bor]s ) unpron\nceable names4 ,_! pres5ce is %[n by yell[ foliage & )]+ fruit 9 summ]1 & by br[n1 %rivell$ bran*es 9 w9t]4 ,cutt+ out & burn+ is ! only rem$y4 ,usually1 a vigor\s bu% w outgr[ ! attacks ( ?is enemy2 & good cultivation gives vigor1 & also di/urbs & br+s to ! surface ! worms t h ent]$ ! soil to und]go _! trans=mation4 ,f fir/ to la/1 tonic treatm5t supplem5ts & r5d]s m effective our direct ef=ts to de/roy diseases & enemies4 ,mo/ e>ne/ly w\ld ,i urge caution 9 us+ all virul5t poisons l ,p>is gre51 ,london purple1 hellebore1 etc4 ,:5ev] x is possible to sub/itute a less poison\s sub/ance1 d s by all means4 ,"s good p reg>d tobacco z ! bane ( banes2 b to _m x does n cause ! feel+ ( repugnance & fe> inspir$ by hellebore & m poison\s insecticides4 ,let all su* articles be kept "u lock & key2 & "o p]son %\ld h *>ge ( _! use1 & be held responsible = !m4 ,moreov]1 any wat]+-c us$ ) ,p>is gre5 & l sub/ances %\ld be m>k$ ) ! ^w ,poison1 9 l>ge lett]s4 ,if insecticides are us$ 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to keep x f fall+ on o!r vegetation or fruit t might be eat5 by man or bea/4 ,i h kn[n ( pigs & horses dy+ f eat+ h]bage on :i* ,p>is gre5 _h bl[n f a potato field4 ,london purple1 :i*1 z a *eap] & equally effective article1 is tak+ ! place ( ,p>is gre51 mu/ be us$ ) ! same caution1 s9ce x is a comp\nd ( ars5ic1 & equally poison\s4 ,x is my wi% & int5tion to exp]im5t c>efully ) ! v>i\s means & me?ods ( cop+ ) ! diseases & enemies ( small fruits1 & to give ?is *apt] frequ5t revisions4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,pick+ ,,& ,,m>ket+ ,9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ int]e/+ pap] f ! p5 ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,idell1 a commission m]*ant1 ^: intellig5t int]e/ 9 fruits ext5ds beyond _! curr5t price4 ,he gives s graphic a picture ( ! dim9utive beg9n+ ( small fruit gr[+ & m>ket+1 t ,i am l$ to quote freely3 ,ab\t ! e>lie/ k ,i c\ld obta9 ( ! /rawb]ry 9 our ,/ate is t x fir/ grew wild 9 _m regions1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! c\nty ( ,b]g54 ,! negroes 7 ! fir/ to pick ?is fruit = ! ,new ,york m>ket1 & inv5t$ ^? qua9t old-fa%ion$ spl9t baskets1 ) h&les1 t 7 & are /ill 9 use 9 t c\nty4 ,^! b]ries 7 tak5 to ,new ,york1 ! baskets be+ /rung on poles1 & ?us p$dl$ ?r\gh ! city4 ,i w\ld /ate1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o h n se5 ^! baskets1 t x 0 ! int5tion ( ! orig9al mak]s ( !m to h !m conta9 a half-p9t ea*1 b soon !y became s r$uc$ 9 size t ea* buy] 0 compell$ to guess at ! cont5ts ( ^? he b\ght4 ,j :5 cultivat$ b]ries made _! appe>ance1 ,i am unable to say1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k !y 7 d]iv$ f se$l+s ( ! wild fruit4 ,f ! in=mation ,i h ga!r$1 ,i ?9k t ! cultivation ( ! fruit = ! m>ket orig9at$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,hack5sack1 ,b]g5 c\nty1 & f !re spread ov] ! ,/ate4 ,z !re 7 no railroads 9 t section at t e>ly date1 all ! b]ries _h to be c>t$ to ,new ,york 9 wagons1 cross+ ! ,hudson at ,hobok54 ,q rec5tly ,i met ) ,mr4 ,&rew ,m4 ,hopp]1 ( ,pascack1 :o gave me sev]al int]e/+ po9ts f 8 e>ly recollections4 ,mr4 ,hopp] said3 ',i am sixty-five ye>s old1 & c well rememb] pick+ b]ries = my fa!r1 :5 a boy t5 ye>s ( age4 ,at t "t we _h no crates z we h n[1 b pack$ !m 9 l>ge baskets t we call$ hamp]s4 ',our only %ipp+ po9t to ,new ,york 0 ,pi]mont1 on ! ,hudson1 ,new ,york ,/ate1 a di/ance ( ab\t eight miles4 ',at ?is po9t !re 0 a l9e ( sloops t sail$ semi-weekly1 :5 w9d & tide p]mitt$4 ,9 ^? days !re 7 no commission m]*ants 9 ,new ,york t dealt 9 b]ries1 & ea* f>m] 0 compell$ to g ) & sell 8 own fruit4 ,! f>e on ^! vessels 0 "o %ill+ = a r\nd trip1 bo>d n includ$2 & z x sometimes requir$ two days to rea* ! city1 ea* f>m] provid$ a lun* = himself be=e />t+ f home1 z well z prov5d] = 8 team1 :i* 0 left at ! l&+ to await 8 return4 ,! usual fee = c>+ = ! team :ile !y 7 gone 0 tw5ty-five c5ts4' ,! ,hautbois 0 ! fir/ nam$ v>iety he c\ld rememb]1 :i* 0 introduc$ among !m 9 #ahce4 ,9 ab\t #ahdj ! ,scot* ,runn] 0 introduc$ at ,hack5sack4 ,x 0 a valuable v>iety = ! gr[]s1 z x 0 h>dy1 a good be>]1 & ! fruit grew unusually l>ge = t p]iod4 ,an incid5t connect$ ) ! introduction ( ?is v>iety is wor? m5tion+1 %[+ ! eag]ness ( ! cultivators to procure ! plants4 ,a g5tleman liv+ at ',old ,bridge1' :i* is a few miles above ,hack5sack1 secur$ q a numb] ( plants & set !m out 9 8 g>d5 = ! purpose ( propagat+ !m1 s t he c\ld 9 due "t plant a l>ge pat* ( !m4 ,! v9es be+ 9 great dem&1 8 neighbors insi/$ ^u 8 sell+ !m2 b ?is proposition he positively refus$1 & ! consequ5ce 0 t1 "o night1 "s p]son ent]$ 8 g>d5 & /ole e plant he _h4 ,at ?is p]iod & up to ! introduction ( ! ,wilson1 all /rawb]ries 9 t section 7 pick$ & m>ket$ )\t ! hulls4 ,= a long "t ,i h be5 try+ to f9d out ! orig9ator ( ! qu>t-b]ry-box & crate1 &1 ?9k+ ,mr4 ,hopp] might possess "s k on ?is po9t1 ,i inquir$ ( him4 ,he repli$3 ',i "k no?+ ab\t ! qu>t box1 = ,i nev] us$ !m1 b ,i d ab\t ! crate4 ',9 #ahdj ,i made ! fir/ crate ev] us$ 9 our section1 if n 9 ! ,/ate1 & ,i w tell y h[ ,i came to d x4 ,9 ^? days ,i rais$ l>ge quantities ( apricots1 & m>ket$ !m 9 su* baskets z we happ5$ to h4 ,9 ! ye> nam$ my fruit 0 v l>ge & f9ely color$1 & kn[+ !y w\ld be damag$ by c>t+ 9 ! usual way1 ,i _h a numb] ( small baskets made1 & !n ,i con/ruct$ a crate to fit !m4 ,! next day aft] ,i made !m1 ,g54 ,ack]1 :o 0 an old fruit gr[]1 call$ on me1 admir$ ! arrangem5t1 & sugge/$ t !y w\ld answ] to pack b]ries 91 & reque/$ me to make two = him1 :i* ,i did4 ,f ^! ! use ( !m became g5]al4' ,! cases ref]r$ to 7 skeleton cases1 "s ) & o!rs )\t lids1 ea* gr[] mak+ !m to suit 8 own conv5i5ce = h&l+2 b !y g5]ally conta9$ f "o to two hundr$ baskets ea*4 ,! numb] ( baskets 9 ea* 0 m>k$ ei!r on ! lid or slat4 ,f ! above quotation1 ! read] c realize :at va/ *anges h tak5 place )9 ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,a few sable p$l]s1 ) little baskets /rung on poles1 =m a decid$ contra/ ) a ,*>le/on /eam]1 br++ 9 "o trip ,nor? f> m /rawb]ries1 9 pat5t refrig]ators1 ?an 7 !n sold 9 a ye>2 or ) an ,old ,dom9ion /eam%ip1 dis*>g+ six ?\s& bu%els z a s+le item ( c>go4 ,n9ety-f\r c>-loads ( /rawb]ries h pass$ ov] ! ,delaw>e railroad 9 "o day4 ,accord+ to "o computation already giv51 ,new ,york consumes #be1jjj1jjj wor? ( small fruits annually4 ,if ! bus9ess has gr[n to su* proportions )9 ! la/ half-c5tury1 may we n expect ev5 great] increase 9 ! future8 ,! appliances = pres]v+ fruit1 & = transport+ x quickly & safely1 become m p]fect e ye>4 ,?us a m>ket is creat$ 9 va/ regions :i*1 ?\gh popul\s1 are n adapt$ to ! rais+ ( fruit4 ,! mod]n conditions ( m>ket+ fruit are j ! rev]se ( ^? describ$ by ,mr4 ,idell4 ,!n ! b]ries1 bo? 9 size & quantity1 7 small2 b ! labor & difficulty 9 rea*+ ! consum] 7 imm5se4 ,n[1 /rawb]ries t 9 size resemble tomatoes c be =w>d$ by ! %ip & c> load1 ) brief pr9t$ labels1 & ! commission m]*ant sells = 8 correspond5t1 :o may reside hundr$s ( miles away1 & = ye>s nev] foll[ 8 fruits to _! m>ket4 ,our *ief gr\nd = solicitude is success 9 f9d+ a commission h\se able to dispose ( our fruit promptly at curr5t rates1 & suffici5tly hone/ to make exact returns at ! end ( ea* week4 ,!re are _m :o d ?is1 & n a few :o d n4 ,if "o has n satisfactory bus9ess acqua9tance 9 ! city1 ,i sugge/ t !y le>n f _! neighbors :o h be5 9 ! habit ( %ipp+ produce1 ! names ( m]*ants t uni=mly h made ! be/ returns4 ,moreov]1 x is (t5 well1 if "o has consid]able fruit1 to %ip to two or m p>ties1 & comp>e prices4 ,! homely prov]b h9t+ t x is n wise to put all our eggs 9 "o basket1 is s\nd4 ,,fruit ,,packages ,my exp]i5ce & obs]vation h l$ me to m>ket my /rawb]ries 9 squ>e qu>t baskets1 & r\nd p9ts1 & raspb]ries 9 half-p9ts2 al?\gh p9ts answ] equally well = a firm raspb]ry1 l ! ,cu?b]t or ,br&yw9e4 ,if ,i 7 %ipp+ long di/ances1 ,i w\ld pref] baskets ( :i*1 ! r\nd ,bee*] qu>ts & p9ts are ! types4 ,su* packages occupy too mu* space1 h[ev]1 to be =w>d$ 9 refrig]ators4 ,i ?9k b]ries rema9 9 good condition long] 9 ?is circul>1 op5 basket ?an 9 any o!r4 ,( ! crate1 x is suffici5t to say t x %\ld be light1 /rong1 & s con/ruct$ z to p]mit free circulation ( air4 ,few ( ! squ>e qu>t baskets hold a qu>t4 ,inde$1 !re are b few hone/ baskets 9 ! m>ket2 & ! fact has come to be s well recogniz$ t !y are n[ sold by ! basket1 ! majority be+ aw>e t !y are simply packages ( fruit4 ,i ?9k !re %\ld be a *ange 9 ?is respect1 & t ! sev]al packages %\ld hold a full qu>t1 p9t1 etc4 ,squ>e qu>ts fill a crate compactly1 requir+ ! lea/ am\nt ( space2 !re is no *ance = ! baskets to upset1 & :5 ! crate is op5$ !re is a cont9u\s surface ( fruit1 :i* is v attractive4 ,v l>ge1 %[y /rawb]ries appe> be/1 h[ev]1 9 r\nd baskets4 ,if my m>ket 7 a ne> "o1 ,i w\ld plan to dispose ( ! bulk ( my crop 9 r\nd p9ts1 s9ce !y c\ld be us$ = /rawb]ries1 ! firm] raspb]ries1 & blackb]ries4 ,?us "o /ock & /yle ( baskets w\ld la/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole season4 ,a little good ta/e be/[$ ^u ! appe>ance ( a fruit package (t5 adds sev]al c5ts p] p\nd or qu>t to ! price receiv$1 & ?us x comes t ! br& ( c]ta9 gr[]s is s\ght aft] 9 ! m>ket4 ,a few gre5 leaves1 judici\sly plac$1 co/ no?+1 b may cat* ! eye & secure a fancy price4 ,aft] mu* inquiry 9 ! m>ket1 h[ev]1 ,i am l$ to ! conclusion t ! size1 quality1 & appe>ance ( ! fruit c\nt = f> m ?an ail o!r consid]ations comb9$4 ,! old ,m>lboro' ?irds1 /ill l>gely 9 use on ! ,hudson1 %\ld be sup]s$$ z soon z possible by baskets t p]mit circulation ( air4 ,we %\ld use boxes *eap en\gh to be giv5 away ) ! fruit4 ,!re is a box ( ?is k9d1 call$ ! ,sunnyside fruit-box1 :i* c be obta9$ = ab\t #aj p] #a1jjj4 ,! pur*as] sees a pretty box ( fruit at a %op1 buys & takes x ) him1 & is at no tr\ble to return ! box4 ,! pres5t frequ5t practice ( p\r+ ! fruit into br[n-pap] bags is villan\s4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,budd1 ( ,wilm+ton1 ,del41 9 a s5sible lett]1 gives sev]al excell5t reasons :y x w\ld be bett]1 &1 9 ! end1 *eap]1 to use su* *eap crates & baskets t "o c\ld af=d to let !m g ) ! fruit4 ,! exp5ses ( transportation w\ld ?us be r$uc$1 & ! prices ( ! b]ries enhanc$1 n only because ! pur*as] w\ld n h ! tr\ble ( return+ packages1 b *iefly = ! reason t ! fruit w\ld always appe> 9 fre%1 new baskets1 in/ead ( ^? soil$1 & (t5 mu/y1 f long use4 ,mr4 ,budd %[s t1 9 ,delaw>e1 crates & baskets c\ld be made suffici5tly *eap = ?is practice4 ,,pick+ ,hav+ procur$ ! baskets :i* suit u be/1 ! next ?+ is to fill !m prop]ly1 & get !m into m>ket look+ fre% & attractive4 ,x is j at ?is po9t t v _m wrong !mselves1 or p]mit !mselves to be wrong$1 ,! "t is pa/ :5 all /rawb]ries w sell z su*1 at s mu* p] qu>t4 ,appe>ance (t5 d\bles ! price1 or makes x difficult to sell ! fruit at all4 ,soil$1 muddy b]ries1 ev5 ?\gh l>ge1 w fet* b wret*$ prices2 !re=e ! importance ( mul*+4 ,! fruit may be 9 beautiful condition ^u ! v9es & yet be spoil$ by c>eless pick+4 ,! "w is (t5 p]=m$ by *ildr51 or by ^? :o h _h no exp]i5ce1 or :o1 f inh]5t %iftlessness1 d ev]y?+ 9 ! wor/ possible way1 ,i h se5 beautiful b]ries t 9 _! brief transit ?r\gh grimy h&s lo/ half _! value4 ,_m pick]s w lay hold ( ! s(t b]ry itself & p9* x z !y pull x (f2 !n1 in/ead ( dropp+ x into ! basket1 !y w hold x 9 ! h& z !y pick o!rs1 & z ! h& gr[s full]1 w squeeze !m tight]1 & :51 at la/1 ! half-cru%$ h&ful is dropp$ into ! basket1 ! b]ries are almo/ ru9$ = m>ket purposes4 ,n = #aj p] day w\ld ,i p]mit su* a p]son to pick = me1 = he n only takes fifty p] c5t f ! price ( ! fruit1 b gives my br& a bad reputation4 ,if possible1 ! gr[] %\ld c>efully select 8 pick]s1 & h !m subscribe to a few pla9 rules1 l ! foll[+3 #a4 ,ea* b]ry mu/ be pick$ ) ! ?umb & =ef+] nails1 & n held 9 ! h&1 b dropp$ into ! basket at once4 #b4 ,no gre51 decay$1 or muddy b]ries w be receiv$4 #c4 ,!re mu/ be no gett+ d[n ^u all f\rs 9 ! b$s1 ?us cru%+ bo? gre5 & ripe fruit4 #d4 ,!re mu/ be no topp+ (f ) l>ge b]ries1 b ! fruit mu/ be equally good all ?r\gh ! basket4 ,9 ! e>ly pick+s ( ,wilsons1 :5 _m ( ! b]ries are ( good size1 & ( all ! l>ge1 *oice k9ds1 x is be/ to make two grades1 putt+ ! l>ge & small by !mselves1 & keep+ v>ieties sep>ate4 ,a small frame1 ) %ort legs at ! corn]s1 & a h&le1 is a conv5i5t appliance to hold six or m baskets :ile pick+4 ,give to ea* pick] two sets ( baskets1 "o = ! small & "o = ! l>ge b]ries1 & pay equally = bo?1 or p]haps a little m = ! small ones1 s t !re may be no motive to ?w>t y\r purpose2 "o & a half to two c5ts p] qu>t is ! usual price4 ,h two /yles ( tickets1 r$ & blue1 = in/ance2 ! r$ hav+ a high] value & be+ giv5 to ^? :o br+ ! b]ries to ! place ( pack+ 9 good ord]1 accord+ to rule2 let ! baskets n pick$ 9 con=mity to ! rules be receipt$ = ) ! blue tickets4 ,receiv+ _m ( ! latt] soon becomes a k9d ( disgrace1 & ?us y appeal to ! pr9ciple ( self-respect z well z self-int]e/4 ,get rid ( ^? :o p]si/ 9 c>eless pick+ z soon z possible4 ,insi/ t ! baskets be full & r\nd$ up1 & ! fruit equal 9 quality d[n to ! bottom4 ,z f> z possible1 let ! hulls be d[n out ( sight1 & only ! fruit %[+4 ,if y h b]ries t are extra f9e1 x w pay y to pick & pack !m y\rself1 or h "s "o to d x :o c be dep5d$ ^u4 ,d n pick ! fruit1 if y c help x1 :5 x is wet ) dew or ra92 /ill1 !re are times :5 ?is mu/ be done to save x4 ,nev] let ! baskets or crates /& long 9 ! sun & w9d1 z ! b]ries s treat$ soon become dull & fad$4 ,z soon z a crate is fill$1 put x "u cov] 9 a cool place till %ipp$ to m>ket4 ,z f> z possible1 insi/ ^u c>eful1 g5tle h&l+4 ,raspb]ries %\ld be treat$ ) ev5 great] c>e ?an /rawb]ries1 s9ce !y are s(t] & m p]i%able4 ,!y %\ld nev] be put into any?+ l>g] ?an a p9t basket1 :ile ?irds ( a qu>t & half-p9ts are mu* bett]4 ,r\nd half-p9ts seem to be com+ into favor4 ,!re is a wide1 %all[ basket made 9 ,ro*e/]1 t "s gr[]s ?9k highly (4 ,) mo/ v>ieties ( raspb]ries1 if any consid]able numb] are plac$ toge!r !y soon become a s(t1 m\ldy mass4 ,! ideal raspb]ry basket1 !re=e1 is small1 op51 & %all[2 & ! crates %\ld p]mit free circulation4 ,pick ! fruit :5 dry1 & z soon z x is ripe1 z ov]-ripe b]ries decay quickly4 ,keep v>ieties by !mselves4 ,mr4 ,p>ry says t raspb]ries w pay at t5 c5ts p] qu>t1 b ! m>g9 ( pr(it w be small4 ,!y usually sell at mu* high] figures4 ,black-caps ( late ye>s h sc>cely br\ght pay+ prices 9 ,new ,york m>ket4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t %[s :at a diff]5ce v>iety1 & !re=e quality1 makes 9 ! same m>ket4 ,on ! #g? day ( ,july1 #ahga1 raspb]ries 7 sold at :olesale1 9 ,philadelphia1 z foll[s1 viz43 ,black-cap 44444444444444444444#e c5ts p] qu>t4 ,philadelphia 4444444444444444 #h ,pe>l 4444444444444444444 #af ,susqueco1 or ,br&yw9e 4444 #cj ,hornet 444444444444444444444 #fj ,blackb]ries sell well 9 bo? qu>t & p9t baskets1 b if "o is s5d+ a long di/ance1 p9ts w c>ry ! fruit 9 bett] condition4 ,"o ( ! be/ me?ods ( %ipp+ currants is to h tills1 or %all[ boxes1 two or ?ree 9 numb]1 fitt+ 9 "o's b]ry crates1 :i* c ?us be made to s]ve a d\ble purpose4 ,m>k on ^! tills ! net weight ( ! fruit4 ,= l>ge1 ,*]ry currants1 qu>t & v]b5a baskets are (t5 us$4 ,_m l a long m>ket basket1 hold+ ab\t tw5ty-five p\nds1 :ile ^? :o raise grapes (t5 make ! same %all[ boxes answ] = bo?4 ,gooseb]ries are %ipp$ 9 all k9ds ( packages1 f b>rels to qu>t boxes4 ,i pref] a crate ) tills1 = bo? gooseb]ries & currants4 ,^! two fruits1 especially ! latt]1 are becom+ increas+ly pr(itable e ye>4 ,9 summ+ up1 x may be briefly /at$ t ) all fruits1 & 9 all ! l>ge m>kets1 beauty1 size1 & good keep+ qualities are ! po9ts :i* are *iefly consid]$4 ,v few "k mu* ab\t ! names ( v>ieties1 b eag]ly pur*ase t :i* appe>s ! mo/ attractive4 ,! gr[] :o c make 8 crates ( b]ries1 :5 op5$1 look bett] ?an o!rs ne>1 w always receive good prices4 ,if he tops (f poor fruit ) l>ge b]ries1 he w sc>cely f9d a m>ket ev5tually4 ,if he always fills 8 baskets well & hone/ly1 & gives good weight1 tak+ pa9s to make 8 packages appe> attractive1 8 fruit w soon be 9 mu* dem& & spok5 = 9 advance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,irrigation ,?is is a topic on :i* a book might be writt54 ,! read] w draw a sigh ( relief1 h[ev]1 on le>n+ t ,i %all cont5t myself ) giv+ a few facts & sugge/ions1 s9ce ,i am well aw>e t1 9 spite ( its title1 ?is *apt] w be dry to _m4 ,! fir/ rays t fall f ! lamp ( hi/ory reveal va/ sy/ems ( irrigation 9 full op]ation4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! globe artificial wat]+ is absolutely ess5tial1 & !re are few agricultural regions :i* might n be r5d]$ f> m productive if ! supply ( moi/ure c\ld be regulat$ 9 accordance ) ! ne$s ( ea* crop4 ,! "q1 z we %all consid] x1 is a practical "o4 ,9 ,cali=nia & o!r sections1 ! l& mu/ be irrigat$2 "h1 & :]ev] ! ra9fall is m equally di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 we c wat] if we f9d ! practice remun]ative4 ,! increas$ yield f ! prop] application ( wat] is (t5 m>vell\s4 ,mr4 ,james ,neilson1 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 gives "s int]e/+ facts obs]v$ abroad4 ,9 regions along ! ,cav\r ,canal1 ! p 7 able to m[ 9 "o season six heavy burd5s ( grass1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ed9burgh1 by ! use ( sewage wat]1 five or six crops ( grass annually4 ,9 ,belgium1 s&y1 b>r5 l& 7resembl+ ! p9e b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey7 0 put into pr(itable cultivation :5 x c\ld be irrigat$4 ,! pla9 ( ,g5nevilli]s1 ne> ,p>is1 seem$ utt]ly wor?less = cultivation4 ,x consi/$ almo/ :olly ( co>se gravel1 & bore no r5t4 ,no l& own] w\ld make any ef=t to use wat]1 s ! city ( ,p>is b\ght ab\t tw5ty-five acres & turn$ ^u x "p ( ! sewage4 ,x n[ r5ts = ne>ly #ej p] acre1 ) sewage suppli$4 ,9 p>ts ( ,spa91 l& is wor? #b1ejj irrigat$1 & b #abe )\t ! privilege ( wat]4 ,! enorm\s & long-cont9u$ crops ( /rawb]ries rais$ 9 ,cali=nia prove t wat] is equally effective 9 our new l&1 :]e ! climate is simil>1 z 9 ! old] c\ntries4 ,w irrigation pay 9 our latitude1 :]e we hope = seasonable ra9s8 ,i ?9k t 9 _m sections x w1 & occasionally ,i he> ( rem>kable results obta9$ by ! free use ( wat]4 ,9 "o in/ance a gravelly hillside1 almo/ wor?less = ord9>y cultivation1 became ! wond] ( ! neighborhood1 s l>ge 7 ! crops ( /rawb]ries secur$ by irrigation4 ,mr4 ,*as4 ,w4 ,g>field1 ,secret>y ( ! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,pomological ,society1 gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( 8 visit to ,mr4 ,dunkley1 a successful g>d5]1 at ,kalamazoo3 ,a =ce1 he writes1 7 pick+ /rawb]ries f r[s ( vigor\s plants1 & z we op5$ ! v9es 9 advance ( ! pick]s1 a m delightful /rawb]ry prospect we _h nev] se54 ,! v>ieties 7 ,mon>*1 ,s5eca ,*ief1 & ,wilson1 & "u ! sy/em ( irrigation employ$ !y 7 j prime = m>ket1 aft] all ! o!r b]ries 9 ! vic9ity _h rip5$ & 7 gone4 ,v remun]ative prices 7 ?us secur$4 ,8 v9es 7 vigor\s & indep5d5t ( ! ra9s4 ,e b]ry t set rea*$ p]fection 9 size & =m4 ,! abundant moi/ure greatly increases ! size ( ! fruit1 b ret>ds ! rip5+4 ,:5 ! fruit has rea*$ ! prop] /age = maturity1 ! wat] is )held1 & !n ! b]ries rip5 fa/1 b 9 _! p]fect developm5t are firm1 & are %ield$ f ! sun by ! luxuriant foliage4 ,we wat]1 said ,mr4 ,dunkley1 only to supplem5t ! ra94 ,if ! season is wet1 we employ our artificial sy/em b little1 or n at all1 & 9 su* seasons get no pr(it f our inve/m5ts2 b g5]ally1 sometime dur+ a season !re is a dr\ght t %ort5s "s crop2 !n we irrigate1 & h ! advantage ( neighbor+ g>d5]s4 ,?is /atem5t sugge/s ! practical "q1 ,d dr\ghts or dry seasons occur ) suffici5t frequ5cy to w>rant ! outlay requir$ = irrigation8 ,9 a v int]e/+ pap] read be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,philbrick gives mu* in=mation on ! subject ( artificial wat]+1 & its ne$ 9 our latitude & section1 & ,i quote f him freely3 ,! am\nt ( wat] requir$ w dep5d l>gely on ! ra9fall1 velocity ( ! w9d1 atmosph]ic humidity1 soil1 etc4 ,a loose1 s&y soil w require mu* m wat] ?an a ret5tive clay4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 x may be assum$ t 9 ! w>m1 gr[+ mon?s ( ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 mo/ vegetation requires an in* 9 dep? ov] ! entire surface ( ! l& e five days4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 only an av]age4 ,?is quantity1 e/imat$ z ne$$ by our g>d5s1 w\ld be equival5t to six in*es p] mon? ( ra9fall4 ,if we comp>e ?is am\nt ) ! actual ra9fall1 we %all arrive at an idea ( :at is to be suppli$ artificially4 ,! ra9fall at ,bo/on = ! pa/ six ye>s 7to #ahgh71 = ! five gr[+ mon?s nam$1 v>ies f a maximum ( #aj4e in*es1 9 ,augu/1 #ahgb1 to a m9imum ( #j4fe in*1 9 ,june1 #ahgc4 ,dur+ ^! six ye>s !re 0 n a s+le season :5 we did n suff] m or less f dr\ght dur+ "s portion ( ! summ]4 ,tw5ty-"o ( ! ?irty mon?s 9 "q _h less ra9fall ?an six in*es p] mon?1 & ! av]age ( ^! tw5ty-"o mon?s 0 ab\t #c4jb in*es p] mon?1 or only ab\t half ( :at 0 ne$$4 ,"s ( ! protract$ seasons ( dr\ght 7 almo/ entirely ra9less = six weeks1 dur+ :i* ! wea!r 0 excessively hot & w9dy1 & vegetation suff]$ extremely 9 consequ5ce4 ,mr4 ,philbrick e/imates t #bg1jjj gallons1 or #ajh tons1 ( wat] are ne$$ p] acre at ea* wat]+1 :i*1 9 a dry p]iod1 %\ld be repeat$ e five days4 ,?is enorm\s quantity leads him to sugge/ t-- be=e emb>k+ 9 an ent]prise ( irrigation1 x w\ld be be/ to make sure t ! s\rce c be dep5d$ ^u = a suffici5t supply ( wat] 9 ! drie/ seasons2 = x is precisely at su* times t ! mo/ wat] is ne$$4 ,ord9>y spr+s & wells1 !re=e1 are entirely inadequate to furni% wat] = any?+ m ?an a small pat* or g>d54 ,! only s\rces to be dep5d$ ^u = l>ge areas are unfail+ /reams1 lakes1 & ponds4 ,!re are few g>d5s s favorably situat$ t ! wat] c be drawn f canals & dit*es directly f "s pond or /ream4 ,:5 ?is c be done x is by f> ! *eape/ me?od2 & x is 9 ?is way t ! ext5sive irrigat+ works ( ,lomb>dy1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,cali=nia1 & ,colorado are con/ruct$4 ,:]e ?is sy/em is adopt$1 consid]able exp5se is requir$ to grade ! l& into incl9$ b$s1 s z to di/ribute ! wat] easily & ev5ly2 b1 once done1 ! wat] is appli$ at a v trifl+ co/--s *eaply t x is us$ = f>m crops 9 ,lomb>dy & ! ,s\? ( ,france4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 our l& is s locat$ t we _c irrigate x by a natural fl[ & fall ( wat]4 ,9 ?is case1 x may be di/ribut$ by wat]-c>ts & by h&4 ,?is c be done only on a v small scale4 ,! co/ 9 "t & labor w\ld be mu* too great = pr(itable returns1 & ! gr\nd w\ld be s beat5 & trampl$ z to cause mu* injury4 ,su* me?ods may answ] v well = small & well-mul*$ fruit g>d5s1 mak+ ! home supply c]ta9 & l>ge1 b x is inadequate f a bus9ess po9t ( view4 ,di/ribut+ wat] ?r\gh pipes laid und]gr\nd1 b5ea? ! pl[1 does n "w well at all1 practically1 & is n 9 accordance ) nature4 ,mo/ ( ! wat] is wa/$4 ,mr4 ,phil brick cont9ues3 ,! only me?od ( di/ribut+ wat] mu* us$ 9 g>d5s :]e pump+ is practic$ is ! sy/em ( iron pipes laid und]gr\nd1 ) hydrants di/ant #bjj feet asund]1 f :i* ! wat] is di/ribut$ by #ajj feet ( ,india rubb] hose4 ,?is is also ! plan adopt$ by g>d5]s :o make use ( ! public wat] supply4 ,:5 practicable1 su* iron pipes %\ld be c>ri$ along ridges & headl&s1 s z to let ! wat] fl[ :]e we wi% x by gravity z f> z possible4 ,:]e ! wat] has to be di/ribut$ by hose & spr9kl] x w be f\nd good economy to use a p[]ful pump1 t w give a head ( at lea/ ?irty feet1 & to use = di/ribution pipes ( n less ?an "o & a half in*es 9 diamet]2 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t any consid]able area--an acre or m--is to be wat]$4 ,?us1 = example1 we w suppose t x is requir$ to wat] five acres ( l&1 & t we h ne> by a nev]-fail+ pond or riv]2 we c locate a /eam pump ne> ! riv]1 &1 :ile at "w wat]+1 we load ! safety-valve ^u ! deliv]+ wat] pipe at fifte5 p\nds p] squ>e in*1 :i* corresponds to a head ( ab\t ?irty feet ( wat]4 ,we h #cjj feet ( iron pipe1 two in*es 9 diamet]1 & #ajj feet ( ,india rubb] hose1 "o & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 = ! deliv]y ( ! wat]4 ,?is app>atus w\ld be capable ( deliv]+ #de gallons p] m9ute1 or #bg1jjj gallons p] day ( t5 h\rs--en\gh = ! ?or\gh wett+ ( "o acre p] day1 or e acre ( ! five once 9 five days2 by runn+ nights1 t5 acres c\ld be wat]$4 ,:5 only a limit$ area is to be wat]$--less ?an an acre--! w9d-mill furni%es a *eap] s\rce ( p[] ?an ! /eam pump4 ,to make x available1 l>ge /orage ( wat] mu/ be provid$ at a high level1 s t ! mill may "w dur+ /ormy wea!r & /ore ! wat] until ne$$4 ,a w9d-mill1 co/+ ) pump & tank ab\t #ejj1 w furni% wat] en\gh = "o or two acres ( l&1 provid$ /orage c be provid$ = #bjj1jjj gallons ( wat]4 ,to provide ?is /orage might co/ z mu* z a /eam pump4 ,:]e elevat$ res]voirs c easily be made1 & ! am\nt ( wat] ne$$ is n ov] #aj1jjj gallons daily1 ! w9d-mill is1 )\t d\bt1 *eap] p[] ?an /eam4 ,mr4 ,philbrick %[s conclusively t :]e a g>d5] pays at ! rate ( tw5ty-five c5ts p] #a1jjj gallons1 or ev5 mu* less1 only crops approa*+ #a1jjj p] acre 9 value w w>rant ! outlay4 ,:5 l& c be easily grad$1 & irrigat$ ?r\gh canals & dit*es1 ! ye>ly co/ has be5 r$uc$1 9 "s cases1 z l[ z f "o to ?ree doll>s p] acre p] ye>4 ,:]ev] dra9age is n p]fect1 x mu/ be made s be=e irrigation c be safely practic$2 o!rwise1 if a heavy fall ( ra9 %\ld occur j aft] application ( wat]1 ! plants might suff] s]i\sly f be+ too wet4 ,9 ! discussion :i* foll[$ ! read+ ( ?is pap]1 ,mr4 ,john ,b4 ,moore said1 among o!r ?+s3 ,no crop takes ! moi/ure out ( ! soil m quickly ?an /rawb]ries1 &1 = ^! & o!r crops :i* soon suff] f dryness1 he lets ! wat] run d[n ! r[s all night f half a doz5 l>ge pipes4 ,hon4 ,m>%all ,t4 ,wild] !n rem>k$ t ! secret h[ ,mr4 ,moore produc$ 8 l>ge /rawb]ries _h n[ come out4 7,9 a lett] rec5tly receiv$1 ,mr4 ,moore fur!r /ates3 ,9 ! g>d51 ,i h _h ! be/ results :]e ,i h let ! wat] run out ( op5 hose betwe5 ! r[s ( raspb]ries1 /rawb]ries1 etc41 always mak+ x a rule to wet ! gr\nd ?or\ghly1 & !n /op1 & n apply any m until !re is good evid5ce ( ! soil ne$+ x aga94 ,a con/ant drizzle is detrim5tal to vegetation47 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,/rong said t ! ev5 di/ribution ( wat] 0 v important2 o!rwise1 ! gr\nd became sodd5 9 places1 & o!r p>ts receiv$ no b5efit4 ,he ?\ght t consid]able "p ( ! b5efit ( irrigation arose f %[]+ ! foliage1 especially at night1 z 9 a gre5-h\se4 ,mr4 ,philbrick said t he appli$ wat] 9 sun%9e sometimes1 b t 9 g5]al he did n l to d s4 7,i w\ld caution ! read] to be v c>eful ab\t wett+ foliage "u a hot sun1 z x (t5 causes bo? leaves & fruit to scald4 ,i once lo/ a crop ( gooseb]ries ?r\gh a midday %[]1 foll[$ by a hot aft]noon47 ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,ri*>dson _h f\nd a hose p]=at$ ) holes an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t1 v conv5i5t = apply+ wat]4 ,x c be laid any:]e1 9 a /raight or crook$ l9e1 & "u plants ^: leaves are injur$ by wat]+ 9 ! bright sun4 ,su* a hose may be left = h\rs )\t att5tion4 ,9 ! g>d5 at ,kalamazoo already ref]r$ to1 ! wat] 0 obta9$ by damm+ up a spr+4 ,! wat] 0 convey$ 9 a wood5 conduit1 made ( two-in* plank1 & r5d]$ wat]-tight by coal t>4 ,! :ole app>atus 0 v inexp5sive1 & proves t 9 _m in/ances ! +5i\s & ent]pris+ horticulturi/ c "w out a simple sy/em ( 8 own t1 at slight co/1 w answ] 8 purpose4 ,?is *apt] aims at little m ?an to put ! read] on ! "r track = fur!r inve/igation1 & to sugge/ a few ( ! fir/ pr9ciples & requirem5ts ( irrigation4 ,! great majority h little realization ( ! am\nt ( wat] requir$1 & v (t5 mu* loss is incurr$ & injury caus$ by attempt+ artificial wat]+ ) an insuffici5t supply4 ,mr4 ,dunkley1 at ,kalamazoo1 />t$ ) a w9d-mill1 b f\nd x :olly inadequate4 ,p>tial wat]+ is worse ?an useless4 ,by lib]al mul*+1 v mu* less wat] is requir$1 & mu* long] int]vals betwe5 irrigation may elapse4 ,if "o designs to und]take irrigation ^u a l>ge scale1 he %\ld employ ! s]vices ( an exp]t1 & make ha/e sl[ly4 ,at ! same "t1 _m fruit f>ms are s locat$1 or might be1 t ! labor] ) a pick & %ovel c\ld solve ! problem ( an abundant supply ( wat]4 ,:5 unfail+ moi/ure c be ma9ta9$1 & plants are n p]mitt$ to be> 9 ,june1 nor to make runn]s1 almo/ a full crop may be obta9$ 9 ! autumn4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,sugge/ive ,,exp]i5ces ,,f ,,widely ,,sep>at$ ,,localities ,x is (t5 said t !re is no tea*+ l exp]i5ce1 & 9 view ( ?is s\nd pr9ciple ,i am l$ to quote f a few ( ! lett]s t ,i h receiv$4 ,^! /atem5ts1 f successful & intellig5t cultivators1 ?r[ side lights on ! prec$+ pages f v>i\s /&po9ts4 ,i w\ld advise ! read] to note c>efully ! adaptation ( diff]5t v>ieties to diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,z we h j be5 discuss+ ! subject ( irrigation1 ,i w fir/ quote f ,cali=nia lett]s1 s9ce !y t\* on ?is topic4 ,f ,mr4 ,james ,%9n's int]e/+ communication1 ,i take ! foll[+ facts3 ,,niles1 ,,alam$a ,,co41 ,,cal4 ,! great] "p ( ! /rawb]ries consum$ 9 ,san ,francisco are gr[n 9 ! neighborhood ( ,san ,jose1 "s fifty miles s\? ( ! city4 ,we are situat$ ab\t halfway betwe51 9 ! great valley t bord]s ! bay ( ,san ,francisco4 ,we h occupi$ ?is place ov] tw5ty ye>s1 & h made obs]vations ^u ! culture ( small fruits1 & h always gr[n m or less ourselves4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,i d n claim to be au?ority on ! po9ts y inquire ab\t1 ,i feel pretty safe 9 m5tion+ "o or two ?+s 9 ?is connection1 t ,i c h>dly be mi/ak5 ab\t6 ,fir/--,^? :o plant ext5sively = m>ket make x a s9e qua non to h at h& pl5ty ( wat]2 except 9 v favor$ localities1 !y c't be gr[n to pr(it )\t ?is ess5tial4 ,i "k t ! plants are plant$ on ea* side ( a small ridge1 previ\sly ?r[n up = ! purpose4 ,! v9es along ! ridge /& twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,! space betwe5 ! ridges all[s ?ree & a half feet = cultivation & wat]4 ,! wat] is all[$ to run betwe5 ^! ridges1 &1 ( c\rse1 wets ! roots effectually4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! gr\nd mu/ be ne>ly level4 ,i _c tell h[ (t5 ^! r[s are wat]$1 b frequ5tly4 ,! prop] season = plant+ is z e>ly 9 ! w9t] z ! gr\nd c be put 9 ord]--f ,novemb] #a/1 all w9t]--! e>li] ! bett]4 ,if plant$ e>ly1 a fair crop ( b]ries may be expect$ ! next summ]4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,longwood's ,prolific & ,peabody ,se$l+ 7 ! v>ieties g5]ally gr[n4 ,rec5tly "s o!r v>ieties h be5 introduc$1 b are mo/ly conf9$ to ! h&s ( amateurs4 ,! ,mon>* ( ! ,we/ has1 h[ev]1 c]ta9ly secur$ a /rong foo?old among ! l>ge gr[]s4 ,?is b]ry comm&$ a mu* l>g] price 9 ! m>ket ?an ! old v>ieties4 ,i j rem>k respect+ irrigation t1 ( c\rse1 z y w see1 ! object ( plant+ ^u ridges is to place ! v9es s high t :5 ! wat] is let 91 ! b]ries w be above its rea*4 ,ne>ly all our l>ge gr[]s let _! fields to ,*9am51 :o d all ! "w1 bo>d+ !mselves1 = half ! net proce$s4 ,,san ,,jose1 ,,cal4 ,9 answ] to y\r lett]1 ask+ ab\t irrigation1 ,i w\ld /ate t 9 ! fir/ place we grade ! l&1 aft] fir/ pl[+ & h>r[+ x4 ,we d n l to d too mu* grad+4 ,if ! l& is v unev51 we make ! r[s con=m to x1 br++ ! wat] on ! highe/ portions1 & cutt+ escape dit*es ?r\gh ! l[ p>ts1 s t ! wat] c run (f readily4 ,! r[s are made ?ree feet ap>t1 & e alt]nate r[ is %ovell$ or pl[$ out to make a %all[ dit* ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es deep4 ,soil is ?r[n on or betwe5 ! alt]nate r[s1 mak+ ! gr\nd look l small b$s4 ,! plants are set 9 r[s ab\t six in*es f ! edge ( ! dit*es4 ,we are n[ ready = ! wat]1 :i* is ne>ly all tak5 f artesian wells4 ,! fir/ ye>1 ! plants d n require s mu* moi/ure2 b ! second ye>1 we wat] ab\t once a week4 ,we keep all runn]s cut (f4 ,j4 ,h4 ,ogi]4 ,br[n's ,valley1 ,yuba ,co41 ,cal4 ,my bus9ess is rais+ /rawb]ries & blackb]ries = m>ket1 :i* is elev5 miles di/ant1 & ,i s5d all my fruit by /age4 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) all lead+ v>ieties1 s9ce ,orange ,judd introduc$ ! ,agriculturi/1 b succe$ be/ ) ,triomphe de ,g&1 ,longwor?'s ,prolific1 ,jucunda1 & ,colonel ,*5ey4 ,! latt] is r s(t to c>ry s f> to m>ket4 ,i comm5ce s5d+ to m>ket ab\t ! middle ( ,april4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,june ! ,triomphe beg9s to rip5 a second crop4 ,la/ ye> !y 7 ! l>ge/ & f9e/ b]ries ,i ev] saw4 ,9 ,septemb] ! ,jucunda be>s a ?ird crop4 ,prom ,may until ,octob] we dep5d entirely on irrigation4 ,our soil is r$1 /iff1 & heavy4 ,i use abundantly well-rott$ /able manure & b>ny>d compo/4 ,i prep>e by deep pl[+1 & !n h>r[+4 ,i !n g ov] ! gr\nd = ! plants ) ,hexam]'s prong$ hoe1 mak+ ! soil v f9e4 ,i set ! plants two feet ap>t ea* way1 & :]e ea* "o is to gr[1 ,i "w 9 a l>ge %ovelful ( manure deeply & ?or\ghly4 ,i give blackb]ries ! same mode ( culture1 sett+ !m ?ree feet by eight4 ,no w9t] protection is ne$$4 ,9 ord9>y seasons1 !re are a few /rawb]ries all w9t] long4 ,/rawb]ries & blackb]ries are v productive1 & enorm\s 9 size1 b currants1 gooseb]ries1 & r$ raspb]ries d n succe$ 9 ?is region1 ! long & int5sely hot & dry season be+ unfavorable4 ,john ,palm]4 ,,new ,,ca/le1 ,,cal4 ,! ,presid5t ,wild] is ! f9e/ flavor$ b]ry we h ev] ta/$1 & x is ! mo/ attractive 9 color ( all4 ,! ,jucunda does n d well on our light soil4 ,! ,mon>* is spl5did4 ,we gr[ raspb]ries q ext5sively1 our climate & location be+ bett] adapt$ to !m1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r "p ( ,cali=nia4 ,! e>lie/ b]ry ) u is ! ,r$ ,antw]p 7probably ! ,engli%74 ,x is a week e>li] ?an ! ,franconia4 ,! ,h]/9e is a f9e b]ry e way1 except z reg>ds firmness4 ,! cap v>ieties are inf]ior 9 flavor "h4 ,c4 ,m4 ,,silva ,,son ,f o!r s\rces ,i le>n t ! ,triomphe de ,g& & ,se? ,boyd5 are among ! *ief favorites 9 ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,felix ,gillet1 ,nevada ,city1 ,cal41 au?or ( an excell5t little treatise on ! culture ( ! /rawb]ry 9 8 region1 says3 ,! r[ & hill sy/em is c]ta9ly ! be/ ( all1 especially to raise l>ge1 f9e fruit4 ,! r[s %\ld be two feet ap>t1 or ?irty-six in*es1 if irrigat+ by runn+ wat] 9 ea* r[ z x is done 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! plants %\ld be set1 ! l>ge-gr[+ sorts two feet f ea* o!r 9 ! r[1 ! small] ones f twelve to eighte5 in*es4 ,,au/91 ,,texas ,i put 9 wat]-works1 & x is ! be/ inve/m5t ,i ev] made4 ,i supply ,au/9 ) vegetables ! :ole ye> r\nd4 ,x 0 v dry la/ ye>1 b ,i load$ ?ree wagons ) vegetables e day4 ,we wat]$ tw5ty acres regul>ly1 & w wat] ?irty ?is ye>4 ,i am mak+ a l>ge res]voir on a hill1 :i* w be suppli$ f a l>ge well ?r\gh a six-in* pipe4 ,i use ,kn[les's /eam pump1 #cj horse-p[]1 capable ( pump+ #gej1jjj gallons daily4 ,( /rawb]ries1 ! ,k5tucky ,se$l+ c /& ! mo/ heat & dr\ght4 ,cresc5t ,se$l+ looks well "h1 also ! ,=e/ ,rose4 ,raspb]ries1 currants1 & gooseb]ries _c be rais$4 ,we plant /rawb]ries "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[1 & ! r[s are ?ree feet ap>t ,we mul* e>ly 9 spr+1 & cultivate by horse-p[] aft] ! be>+ season is ov]4 ,i reg>d c[ manure1 leaf m\ld1 & bone fl\r z ! be/ f]tiliz]s4 ,i consid] fall1 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 z ! be/ "t = plant+4 ,,william ,,radam4 ,,pale/9e1 ,,texas4 ,! ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,se? ,boyd51 & ,presid5t ,wild] h done well4 ,! ,*>les ,d[n+ has fl\ri%$ z ?\gh native & to ! mann] born4 ,! ,k5tucky has done rem>kably well2 ! ,wilson n s well4 ,raspb]ries1 on ! :ole1 h done well1 b currants & gooseb]ries w n survive4 ,! /rawb]ries h done bett] ?an ,i hop$4 ,i h always look$ ^u ! /rawb]ry z a semi-aquatic plant1 & ?is view has be5 /r5g!n$ by an acc\nt ( a wond]ful crop produc$ 9 ?is region by abundant & sy/ematic wat]+4 ,! great difficulty aga9/ :i* we h to cont5d is ! prolong$ summ]1 :51 = weeks1 ! !rmomet] ranges f #ij degrees to #ie degrees 9 ! %ade4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ spells ( dry wea!r1 la/+ sometimes = six or eight consecutive weeks 9 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]4 ,d4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,smi?4 ,,new ,,orleans1 ,,la4 ,exp]i5c$ cultivators prep>e = /rawb]ries by ?or\gh pl[+ & subsoil+4 ,we cultivate by subsoil pl[1 cultivator1 & hoe1 ) no /ones to imp$e our "w4 ,! be>+ season la/s ab\t #ij days4 ,i h _h two full crops 9 ! same season4 ,! be/ "t to plant is1 #a/1 9 ,augu/2 #b;d1 9 ,decemb]4 ,! ,wilson & ,*>les ,d[n+ d well4 ,! black-cap raspb]ries succe$3 ! r$ raspb]ries are ?us f> a failure4 ,blackb]ries d v well4 ,d4 ,m4 ,,wigg9s1 ,agricultural editor1 ',n4 #j4 ,times4' ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,lamb1 ( ,colorado ,spr+s1 writes me t /rawb]ries & ! h>dy r$ raspb]ries d well 9 8 section4 ,!y reg>d %eep manure z "o ( ! be/ f]tiliz]s4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,hape1 ( ,atlanta1 ,ga41 writes3 ,9 reply to y\r favor1 ,i w\ld say t /rawb]ries & blackb]ries d spl5didly "h1 raspb]ries mod]ately1 & currants & gooseb]ries z exceptions2 grapes f9ely4 ,our soils are mo/ly loam1 ) "s s&1 & a clay subsoil4 ,bottom l&s h ! usual deposits ( muck & p>tially decompos$ vegetable matt]4 ,! damp1 ri* soil1 ( c\rse1 suits /rawb]ries & blackb]ries2 ?\gh ! latt] gr[ wild to su* p]fection1 & 9 su* abundance1 z to d away ) cultivation almo/ entirely4 ,! r$ raspb]ry does n succe$ v well z a rule4 ,:ile damp1 "u-dra9$ soil & s&y loam are be/ = /rawb]ries1 ! dry upl&s h almo/ inv>iably produc$ well4 ,z to f]tiliz]s1 well-decompos$ /able manure & bone meal h done ! be/ ) u4 ,no w9t] protection is ne$$4 ,! fall1 ) u1 is ! be/ season to transplant /rawb]ries1 by all odds--z soon z ! ,septemb] ra9s set 94 ,,dr4 ,,samuel ,,hape4 ,,jacksonville1 ,,fla41 ,dec4 #bc1 #ahgh4 ,) pleasure1 ,i answ] y\r que/ions to ! be/ ( my ability4 #a4 ,:at v>ieties ( small fruits d be/ 9 y\r locality8 ,/rawb]ries & blackb]ries d well1 b ow+ to ! abundance ( wild fruit1 late & e>ly1 ! blackb]ry is n cultivat$ l>gely4 ,no o!r small fruits h be5 fairly tri$4 ,! g5]al op9ion is t our w>m wea!r la/s too long = ! raspb]ry1 gooseb]ry1 & currant4 ,i h giv5 ! raspb]ry a trial1 & _c recomm5d x4 #b4 ,:at soils are be/ adapt$ to !m8 ,we h two soils on :i* ! /rawb]ry ?rives1 ! l[ hummock bord]+ on ! riv]4 ,x is ri* 9 vegetable & m9]al matt]--clay f two to f\r feet "u surface4 ,! next is our p9e l&2 soil light1 & ( grayi% color1 ne>ly devoid ( vegetable matt]1 b l>gely suppli$ ) lime & pota%4 ,/rawb]ries & blackb]ries d well on ?is soil4 ,we h :at is t]m$ high hummock4 ,x is a yell[ loam1 ) clay1 v>y+ f two to six feet f surface4 ,! orange1 pea*1 grape1 fig1 qu9ce & plum d well on ?is soil4 #c4 ,:at is y\r mode ( culture8 ,= /rawb]ries1 ,i lay (f b$s1 slightly rais$1 #h feet wide4 ,on ea* b$ ,i put f\r r[s ( plants1 runn+ ! full l5g? ( b$s4 ,= ,wilsons1 r[s #ah in*es1 & #ab in*es betwe5 plants2 ,*>les ,d[n+1 & ,se? ,boyd51 #ah by #ah in*es4 ,cov] all ! space ) p9e-ne$les by ! "t w>m wea!r sets 91 & %ade _! fruit f ! hot sun4 ,i cultivate ) a small h& cultivator1 p>tly inv5t$ by myself1 & by hoe+4 #d4 ,:at f]tiliz] d y consid] mo/ effici5t8 ,a compo/ ( /able manure1 muck1 & pota%4 #e4 ,:at w9t] protection d y give1 if any8 ,none ne$$4 ,= summ] protection1 p9e /raw betwe5 plants2 ?is answ]s a d\ble purpose--to keep ! fruit clean1 also to protect ! plants 9 w>m1 dry wea!r1 & reta9 moi/ure4 #f4 ,d y consid] spr+ or fall ! be/ season = plant+ 9 y\r locality8 ,if ,i h home-gr[n plants1 ,i pref] plant+ f la/ ( ,augu/ to fir/ ( ,decemb]4 ,nor!rn plants1 unless gr[n 9 pots1 d be/ if obta9$ 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]4 ,i w add "h1 = y\r in=mation1 ,wilson's ,albany is v %y ( mak+ runn]s = ! fir/ ye> or two aft] com+ f ! ,nor?4 ,se? ,boyd5 & ,*>les ,d[n+ take possession ( ! gr\nd aft] fruit+ is ov]4 ,,william ,,james4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,j4 ,b]kmans1 ! well-kn[n horticulturi/ ( ,augu/a1 ,ga41 in=m$ me t ! ,k5tucky1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 & ,cresc5t endur$ ! s\!rn sun well1 & t ! ,capta9 ,jack & ,%>pless 7 f9e ) !m2 all ! purple cane & black-cap raspb]ries did well1 b none ( ! =eign k9ds ?riv$4 ,mr4 ,b]kmans rem>k$ t1 ev5 aft] t5 ye>s ( be>+1 he hesitat$ to express a positive op9ion conc]n+ a fruit1 s great are ! diff]5ces caus$ by location & soil4 ,x is y\r "y m5 t h be5 two or ?ree ye>s 9 ! bus9ess1 :o h positive op9ions on e subject4 ,9 ! suburbs ( ,savannah1 ,ga41 ,i f\nd ?ree-qu>t]s ( an acre ( /rawb]ries t _h yield$ a cle> pr(it ( #hjj 9 "o season4 ,! prep>ation & culture = ?is pr(itable crop 7 z foll[s3 ,a good coat ( manure 0 spread e>ly 9 spr+ & pl[$ "u4 ,c[-peas 7 !n s[n & pl[$ "u 9 ,augu/1 :5 ano!r coat ( manure 0 h>r[$ 94 ,plant+ 0 comm5c$ ,augu/ #aj1 & ! plants set f\rte5 in*es f ea* o!r1 9 b$s ) alleys betwe51 tw5ty-eight in*es wide4 ,!y 7 work$ ) a cultivator1 mul*$ ) p9e /raw 9 ,janu>y1 & /imulat$ f "t to "t ) liquid manure4 ,! fact t !y secur$ a good home m>ket acc\nts1 9 "p1 = ! l>ge pr(it4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,capta9 ,sigwald1 himself a successful horticulturi/1 ,i 0 able to visit _m /rawb]ry plantations 9 ! vic9ity ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 & w give a few /ati/ics f "o ( ! mo/ n\ri%+4 ,! plants 7 vigor\s1 & ! long r[s clean & free f runn]s4 ,! be/ plants _h be5 set out 9 ! prec$+ ,septemb]4 ,! =ce employ$ to set five & a half acres 03 five h&s tak+ up ! plants ) a l>ge pat5t transplant]1 t br\ght away a ball ( e>? ) ! roots2 five m labor]s tot+1 or c>ry+ on h&-b>r[s1 ! plants f ! propagat+ b$ to ! fruit+ field1 & f\r plant+4 ,! exp5se ( plant+ 0 #ae p] acre4 ,prom ! five & a half acres1 !re 7 %ipp$ to ,new ,york #ae1bjj qu>ts1 on :i* ! freight1 at fifte5 c5ts p] qu>t1 am\nt$ to #b1bhj4 ,commission on sales 0 #dac--leav+ a balance ( only #a1fgj1 & out ( ?is all o!r exp5ses _h to come4 ,?us x way be se5 t ! exp5se ( m>ket+ ! crop 0 great] ?an ! exp5se ( gr[+ x & ! net pr(it comb9$--a condition ( ?+s t %\ld n la/4 ,! freight has be5 r$uc$ to t5 c5ts p] qu>t ?is ye>1 ,i und]/&4 ,! ,mon>* seems peculi>ly adapt$ to ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 & ,mr4 ,ed4 ,s4 ,%epp>d1 :o fir/ introduc$ !m1 f\nd a s5sation result+ t 9 its proportions resembl$ ! mammo? b]ry4 ,! ,cry/al ,city & ,capta9 ,jack are favorite v>ieties 9 ,miss\ri4 ,= ! latitude & climate ( ,new ,york1 & we/w>d1 mu* sugge/ion has be5 giv5 already4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,lovett1 ( ,little ,silv]1 ,n4 ,j41 gives ! foll[+ li/ z ! be/ selection = _! light s&y soils3 ,,= ,,! ,,home ,,g>d5 ,/rawb]ries ,fr5*'s ,se$l+--be/ e>ly crop4 ,*>les ,d[n+--be/ m$ium1 or ma9 crop4 ,k5tucky--be/ late4 ,r$ ,raspb]ries ,h]/9e--be/ e>ly4,footnote3 ,requires w9t] protection to ensure a crop4 ,turn]--be/ entirely h>dy e>ly4 ,cu?b]t--be/ m$ium & late4 ,black-cap ,raspb]ries ,doolittle's ,improv$--be/ e>ly4 ,mammo? ,clu/]--be/ m$ium & late4 ,mammo? ,blackb]ries ,wilson's ,e>ly--be/ e>ly4 ,kittat9ny--be/ ma9 crop4 ,currants ,*]ry--be/ r$4 ,r$ ,dut*--be/ = cul9>y purposes4 ,:ite ,grape--be/ :ite4 ,victoria--be/ late4 ,black ,naples--be/ black4 ,gooseb]ries ,d[n+ ,,= ,,m>ket--,,( ,,value ,,9 ,,! ,,ord] ,,nam$ ,/rawb]ries ,wilson's ,albany1 ,capta9 ,jack1 ,= %ipm5t4 ,cresc5t ,se$l+1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,= ne> m>ket4 ,d[n]'s ,prolific1 ,r$ ,raspb]ries ,cu?b]t4 ,br&yw9e4 ,black-cap ,raspb]ries ,mammo? ,clu/]4 ,doolittle's ,improv$4 ,blackb]ries ,kittat9ny4 ,wilson's e>ly4 ,footnote3 ,9 =m] ye>s ?is 0 ! mo/ pr(itable ( all sorts1 b latt]ly x is s frequ5tly injur$ by w9t]1 & s g5]ally attack$ by disease or insects ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 z to r5d] x unc]ta94 ,currants ,*]ry4 ,r$ ,dut*4 ,black ,naples4 ,gooseb]ries ,d[n+4 ,h\ghton ,se$l+4 ,9 ! ,six? ,annual ,report ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ int]e/+ /atem5t f ! well-kn[n horticulturi/1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,t4 ,qu9n4 ,,"o ,,acre ,,op ,,/rawb]eies4 ,,new>k1 ,octob]1 #ahgh4 ,! foll[+ are ! me?ods ( culture & ! products ( "o acre ( /rawb]ries1 gr[n on my f>m ne> ,new>k1 dur+ ! season ( #ahgh4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ^! /rawb]ries 7 gr[n 0 plant$ ) ,e>ly ,rose potatoes & heavily manur$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahgg4 ,^! potatoes 7 dug & m>ket$ dur+ ! la/ week 9 ,july & fir/ week 9 ,augu/ ( ! same ye>4 ,! gr\nd 0 at once cle>$ (f1 pl[$ & h>r[$ smoo?ly4 ,furr[s 7 !n op5$ f\r or five in*es deep & two & a half feet ap>t4 ,betwe5 ! #ae? & #bb;d ( ,augu/1 #ahgg1 ! /rawb]ry plants 7 set 9 ^! furr[s f fifte5 to eighte5 in*es ap>t1 )\t any manure be+ add$4 ,"s plants di$ "h & !re1 b ! bulk ( ^? set out made a /rong gr[? be=e cold wea!r4 ,!y 7 kept free f we$s by runn+ a cultivator twice betwe5 ! r[s & hoe+ twice4 ,?is treatm5t kept ! gr\nd absolutely free f we$s4 ,9 ! middle ( ,decemb]1 ! plants 7 cov]$ ov] ) a compo/ ( ! sweep+s ( ! vegetable & fi% m>kets1 ) "s horse manure mix$ ?r\gh x4 ,! :ole 0 ?or\ghly decay$ & light 9 "*4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,april1 #ahgh1 ! co>se/ "p ( ?is mul* 0 rak$ (f ! /rawb]ry plants1 & left 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! r[s1 ! f9] portion be+ left among ! plants4 ,to ! co>se "p rak$ (f 0 add$ salt hay1 press$ "u ! leaves ( ! plants on ei!r side ( ! r[s1 en\gh be+ add$ to keep ! soil ar\nd ! plants moi/ & ! fruit free f grit4 ,!re 0 no di/urbance ( ! soil 9 any way 9 ! spr+1 beyond ! cutt+ (f at ! surface ( a few /raggl+ we$s t />t$ up "h & !re4 ,! v>ieties gr[n ^u ?is acre 7 ,*>les ,d[n+ & ,gre5 ,prolific1 & ! yield 0 five ?\s& f\r hundr$ & eighty-sev5 7#e1dhg7 qu>ts4 ,! gross receipts f ?is acre ( b]ries 0 sev5 hundr$ & n9ety-five doll>s & sixty-"o c5ts 7#gie4fa74 ,d$uct+ ! commissions & pick+ ! fruit1 ! net returns 7 #fbj4fj4 ,messrs4 ,gibson & ,b5nett1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 /at$ be=e ! ,we/]n ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society1 t !y lik$ ! b$d+ sy/em1 say f\r-r[ b$s1 ) plants "o foot ap>t ea* way & two-feet walks betwe5 ! b$s4 ,we f]tilize ) f9e horse manure1 spread+ x heavily & pl[+ x "u4 ,we />t plants 9 pots & transf] !m to ! b$s 9 ,septemb]1 ! e>li] ! bett]4 ,^! pott$ plants =m f9e l>ge cr[ns ready = ! f9e/ fruit4 ,! b$s are cov]$ ) manure ,janu>y #a4 ,! fruit is pick$ ! foll[+ ,june1 & ! b$s !n pl[$ "u at once & plant$ ) o!r crops4 ,by ?is sy/em1 x w be se5 t ! plants occupy ! gr\nd b ab\t t5 mon?s1 & little or no cultivation is giv54 ,x is practically ! same me?od z t employ$ ar\nd ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 &1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 c\ld (t5 be practic$ at ! ,nor? ) great pr(it4 ,9 contra/1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,%>pless said1 on ! same occasion1 ,we gr[ 9 ! hill sy/em1 & expect ! plants to la/ f\r or five ye>s2 add+1 ,my exp]i5ce tea*es me t /rawb]ries %\ld n be cultivat$ deeply until _! season ( re/ is ov]1 say ! la/ ( ,augu/4 ,i ?9k ?is view s\nd4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,und]hill1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y41 said t he valu$ ! ,gold5 ,defiance = late fruit4 ,! ,gl5dale is m vigor\s4 ,i ?9k highly ( ! ,*ampion & ,k5tucky4 ,! ,duncan is our be/ e>ly ( ^? well te/$4 ,z ! mid-m>ket 9 ?is section w probably be glutt$ ) ,cresc5ts1 ,i %all take great pa9s ) ! ,cumb]l& ,triumph1 :i*1 pick$ 9 p9ts 7on acc\nt ( its s(tness71 w yield almo/ z well1 & br+ m doll>s ?an any sort ,i h te/$ yet4 ,f ,mr4 ,frank ,s4 ,all+ ,i le>n t all ! small fruits succe$ f9ely on ! %ores ( ,puget ,s\nd1 ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory4 ,i w close ?is *apt] ( exp]i5ces ) a v int]e/+ lett] f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,von ,iffl&1 ( ,quebec1 :o gives an admirable /atem5t ( ! conditions ( success 9 ! latitude ( ,nor!rn ,canada4 ,x w be se5 t 8 light1 w>m soil makes a diff]5ce ( sev]al degrees ( latitude 9 8 favor4 ,my soil is ( a light gravelly nature1 ) a subsoil ( co>se s&4 ,x requires annual applications ( l>ge quantities ( manure to br+ ab\t ! be/ results1 b !n yields g5]\s returns4 ,x is w>m & quick1 & s por\s t x c be work$ almo/ imm$iately aft] ! heavie/ %[]s4 ,plants =m roots 9 ! soil ) m>vell\s rapidity4 ,all k9ds ( vegetables c be successfully cultivat$4 ,potatoes1 tomatoes1 squa%1 corn1 c>rots1 p>snips1 melons1 cucumb]s1 beans1 & peas are gr[n to p]fection4 ,( c\rse1 x is liable to suff] sev]ely 9 a dr\ght--an evil :i* ,i f9d is be/ obviat$ by pl5ty ( b>ny>d manure & cultivation4 ,! climate is d\btless sev]e1 & ! w9t]s long1 b ! abundance ( sn[ af=ds ! be/ k9d ( protection & is ( ! greate/ possible advantage 9 ! culture ( small fruits4 ,w9t] sets 9 ) u sometimes z e>ly z ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 sometimes n till ! middle ( ,decemb]1 & ! sn[ has n disappe>$ f ! vic9ity ( ! f5ces till ! la/ week 9 ,april4 ,! av]age dep? ( sn[ is #d #a_/b half feet1 & we h cold spells ( ?ree or f\r days at a "t1 :5 ! glass v>ies betwe5 #bj & #cj degrees bel[ z]o4 ,,/rawb]ries ,i ?9k t all ! v>ieties :i* are cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c be cultivat$ "h "u ! same conditions ( soil4 ,i gr[ successfully ! ,colonel ,*5ey1 ,triomphe de ,g&1 ,wilson1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,nicanor1 ,gre5 ,prolific1 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/1 ,se? ,boyd51 b h disc>d$ ,jucunda & ,k5tucky4 ,i h ! greate/ success ) ! ,*5ey1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,wilson1 & ,triomphe1 9 ! ord] writt54 ,i plant bo? 9 fall & spr+1 b pref] fall sett+ :5 x c be done e>ly & y h good plants4 ,i us$ to /rike plants 9 ?ree-in* pots1 b h ab&on$ t plan1 & in/ead1 lay ! runn]s z e>ly z ,i c get !m 7f #a/ to #bj? ,july71 & :5 well root$1 set !m out1 ) a ball ( e>?1 f #ae? to #bj? ,augu/4 ,if ! season is at all moi/1 s t ! "y plants make good progress be=e ! fro/s set 9 7ab\t middle ( ,octob]71 ,i get a good crop 7half a full crop7 ! foll[+ summ]4 ,f plants set 9 ! spr+1 ,i take no fruit4 ,) ?is exception1 fall & spr+ sett+s are treat$ alike4 ,z ! cultivation is all done by h&1 ,i h f\nd t plant+ 9 b$s ( ?ree r[s ea* comb9es ! greate/ advantages4 ,! r[s are #ae in*es ap>t1 & ! plants #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[--9 ! qu9cunx =m2 ea* b$ is sep>at$ f ! re/ by a pa? #hj in*es wide4 ,i ne$ n say t ! soil has be5 previ\sly well enri*$--) compo/1 g5]ally1 & well-decompos$ manure4 ,9 fact1 z ,i usually plant on soil f :i* a crop ( potatoes has be5 remov$1 ! gr\nd has receiv$ two applications ! ye> ! plants are set4 ,z ! ,colonel ,*5ey is my favorite1 9 ord] to f]tilize x1 ,i plant alt]nate b$s ( "s good /am9ate v>iety1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,triomphe1 or ,wilson4 ,! cultivation ( ! "y plants ! fir/ season consi/s 9 cutt+ (f any runn]s t may =m1 & keep+ !m cle> ( we$s4 ,:5 well e/abli%$1 ! b$s are top-dress$ ) an in* or two ( old manure2 ?is fe$s ! plants1 keeps ! soil ab\t ! roots moi/1 & acts z a mul* :5 ! fruit sets1 & yields ! foll[+ summ]4 ,! foll[+ spr+ & summ]1 no?+ is done to ^! b$s till aft] fruit+1 except to hoe out ! we$s4 ,aft] fruit+1 a ?or\gh we$+ is effect$1 & ! runn]s are cut e ?ree weeks2 & be=e ! fro/s set 91 ! b$s are giv5 a top-dress+ ( old manure4 ,aft] ! second crop ( fruit is tak5 (f1 !y are we$$1 & ! runn]s are all[$ to /rike4 ,! ?ird spr+1 wood-a%es are appli$2 & aft] fruit+ ! plants are turn$ "u4 ,no w9t] protection is giv5 to ! plants1 unless y except ! top-dress+ ( manures2 b ?is is sometimes n appli$ till spr+1 & ,i obs]ve no appreciable diff]5ce betwe5 ! plants ) & ^? )\t x4 ,:at ,i d obs]ve is t an e>ly w9t]1 & pl5ty ( sn[1 kills few] plants ?an a w9t] 9 :i* ! sn[falls h be5 delay$ till aft] fro/s & ra9s4 ,/rawb]ries beg9 to rip5 ) u ab\t ! #bh? ( ,june1 & raspb]ries ab\t ! #ae? ( ,july4 ,) ! above treatm5t1 ,i h gr[n ,wilsons & ,*5eys at ! rate ( #aa1jjj qu>ts1 or #cdd bu%els1 to ! acre4 ,,raspb]ries ,i pref] fall plant+1 :i* may be done z late z !y c be put 94 ,i h set !m ! la/ day ( ,octob]1 )\t los+ "o4 ,i plant !m f\r feet ap>t1 b five w\ld be bett]1 & tie ! canes1 :5 gr[n1 to /akes f\r & a half feet high4,footnote3 ,! foll[+ fall1 ( c\rse2 :5 plant$1 ! canes are cut back1 s z to be only six in*es above gr\nd4 ,sometimes ,i h laid !m d[n1 & sometimes h ti$ up ! "y canes to ! /akes 9 ! fall1 & ,i f9d b little diff]5ce4 ,!y always be>1 & are nev] w9t]-kill$4 ,z to blackb]ries1 ,i h b little exp]i5ce4 ,t blackb]ries w succe$ "h1 "s canes ,i saw #ae? ,augu/1 9 a fri5d's g>d51 "s two miles f my h\se1 af=d ample pro(4 ,!y 7 load$ ) clu/]s ( magnific5t1 l>ge1 lusci\s fruit1 & 7 equally prolific la/ ye>4 ,my fri5d told me he 0 oblig$ to give !m4 v w>m protection--lit]ally bury !m 9 /raw & e>?4 ,r$ & black currants gr[ well ) u1 "u ord9>y treatm5t4 ,gooseb]ries1 h[ev]1 are liable to mildew2 t is1 ! ,engli% v>ieties4 ,! native hybrids1 ( c\rse1 are safe en\gh4 ,/ill1 "u "s conditions1 ,i h se5 ! ,engli% v>ieties )\t a t\* ( mildew4 ,my ,engli% v>ieties mildew$ badly ?is summ]1 & ! man f :om ,i got !m says t he has nev] se5 x 9 8 g>d51 n f> f me4 ,i w5t to see 8 bu%es1 & !re 0 n a sign ( mildew affect+ 8 gooseb]ries1 :i* 7 v l>ge & f9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,a ,,few ,,rules ,,& ,,maxims ,sugge/ive exp]i5ces & ! me?ods ( successful m5 are usually f> m helpful ?an a sy/em ( rules4 ,nev]!less1 ,i h ?\ght t "s concise maxims & =mulas w\ld be ( use to ^? n yet well v]s$ 9 ! labors ( a fruit f>m4 ,su* rules1 also1 may be ( s]vice to ! un=tunates :o are dep5d5t on ! hir$ man1 s9ce !y c be copi$ & giv5 to ?is m9i/] ( de/9y ^: h&s "w out our weal or woe s l>gely4 ,!re are two types ( workm5 t are incorrigible4 ,! "o sla%es away ) 8 haphaz>d hoe1 :ile he looks & talks 9 ano!r direction4 ,8 tongue1 at lea/1 is r>ely idle1 & 8 curiosity awakes :5 he does4 ,if any "o or any?+ goes by1 he mu/ wat* x :ile 9 sight & !n comm5t & expectorate4 ,he is n only v]s$ 9 all ! co>se gossip conc]n+ 8 neighbors1 b also c talk by ! h\r ( ! %ort-com+s ( ev5 _! horses & dogs4 ,! virtues ( man or bea/1 h[ev]1 make b little impression on :at answ]s 9 8 organism = a m9d4 ,t :i* is good1 :olesome1 & ref9$ int]e/s him no m ?an /rawb]ries w\ld a buzz>d4 ,to ! degree t he is active1 he usually makes havoc4 ,! we$s d n suff] s]i\sly f 8 ef=ts1 b if y h a few *oice plants1 a s+le specim5 or two ( some?+ unpur*asable & r>e1 or a se$l+ t y dream may h a future1 ! probabilities are t1 unless wat*$ & w>n$1 he w extirpate !m utt]ly4 ,x r>ely happ5s t y c tea* ?is type ( man bett] ?+s4 ,! leop>d may *ange 8 spots & ! ,e?iopian 8 sk91 b ?is man--?\gh resembl+ bo? outw>dly1 ?r\gh 8 uncleanl9ess--nev] *anges4 ,8 blund]s1 g>rulity1 & bra9less labor1 h[ev]1 w\ld trans=m ,izaak ,walton himself into a dragon ( irritability4 ,! ef=t to re=m su* a man w\ld be h]oic1 inde$1 b let ^? :o ent] ^u su* a task give _! :ole s\ls to x1 & n attempt g>d5+ at ! same "t--unless ! g>d5 is ma9ta9$ = ! sake ( ! man1 & !y1 9 _! zeal1 approa* ,titania 9 h] midsumm]-night's madness1 :5 %e bade h] att5dant fairies to fe$ ! translat$ weav]-- ,) apricocks & dewb]ries1 ,) purple grapes1 gre5 figs1 & mulb]ries4 ,?is deg5]ate desc5dant ( ,bottom1 h[ev]1 ne$s no su* consid]ate att5tion2 he w help himself to ! *oice/ & r>e/4 ,sc>cely bett] ?an ! type portray$ above is ! delib]ate workman1 :o c soon %[ y h[ easy x is to sp5d two doll>s 9 ord] to make "o4 ,8 wages--! "o ?+ he is prompt ab\t--w leave little m>g9 ( pr(it on ! b]ries t he has pack$1 al?\gh1 by reason ( 8 anci5t pipe1 !y may outrank all ! fruit 9 ! m>ket4 ,?is man nev] walks nor runs1 no matt] h[ great ! em]g5cy & press ( "w2 he m]ely jogs ar\nd1 & picks a raspb]ry z he w\ld pry out a b[ld]4 ,he does 8 "w fairly well1 usually2 b ! fact t x w\ld require a hundr$ su* m5 to c>e = a small place causes n ! slighte/ solicitude4 ,he w\ld smoke j z /olidly & complac5tly aft] br++ wreck & ru9 to a doz5 employ]s4 ,m5 ( ^! types are z disa/r\s on a fruit f>m z ! ,la*no/]na or currant worm4 ,unless ! read] has f> m native goodness & acquir$ grace ?an ! writ]1 he _h bett] dismiss !m spe$ily1 or 8 feel+s may resemble ^? t ,sam ,jubilee describ$ on previ\sly4 ,i h giv5 two extreme examples1 b !re are also gradations ( ^! *>act]s1 :o _h bett] f9d employm5t f ^? requir+ h&s only4 ,successful "w on a fruit f>m1 or 9 a g>d51 requires a quick bra91 a ke5 eye1 a brisk /ep & a deft h&4 ,_m ( its labors are light1 & no pr(it c foll[ unless !y are p]=m$ ) despat*1 at ! "r "t & 9 ! "r way4 ,! majority ( ^? we employ wi% to d "r & to give satisfaction4 ,!y are n only will+ b are glad to le>n2 & :ile only actual & long-cont9u$ exp]i5ce c make a ?or\gh g>d5]1 p]haps ! foll[+ rules1 maxims1 & pr9ciples1 embody+ ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 may be ( s]vice to beg9n]s1 giv+ !m a />t 9 ! "r direction3 #a4 ,nev] put (f till spr+ "w t might be done 9 ! fall4 ,spr+ is always too %ort = ! labor x br+s1 ev5 :5 n wet & late4 #b4 ,pl[ 9 ! fall all heavy1 loamy l& t y int5d to plant 9 spr+4 ,?is exposes x to ! action ( fro/1 & if done late1 t5ds to de/roy insects & _! l>vae4 ,d n pl[ s& 9 ! fall unless !re is ^u x sod1 /ubble1 etc41 t is to decay4 #c4 ,top-dress v light l& ) an in* or two ( clay or heavy loam 9 ,novemb]1 & let ! w9t] fro/s & ra9s bl5d ! two div]se soils to _! mutual advantage4 ,h>r[+ 9 f]tiliz]s on light gr\nd is bett] ?an pl[+ !m 94 #d4 ,9 ! fall top-dress all ! small fruits ) compo/1 bone-du/ or o!r f]tiliz]s t h /ay+ p[]s1 spread+ x along close to ! r[s & ov] ! roots1 & work+ x into ! soil lightly by cultivation4 ,?is gives ev]y?+ a vigor\s />t 9 ! spr+4 #e4 ,if possible1 take out be=e w9t] all p]5nial we$s--sorrel1 :ite clov]1 etc4--b d n greatly di/urb ! roots ( /rawb]ries1 j on ! approa* ( w9t]4 #f4 ,9 mo/ localities & soils1 raspb]ries1 currants1 gooseb]ries1 & blackb]ries d bett] if plant$ any "t aft] !y drop _! foliage 9 ! fall4 ,su* plant+ c be cont9u$ ev5 into ! w9t]1 on mild1 /ill days1 :5 fro/ is nei!r 9 ! air nor soil4 ,froz5 e>? %\ld nev] come 9 contact ) roots4 ,i plant /rawb]ries1 also1 all ?r\gh ! autumn1 ev5 into ,decemb]2 & be=e ! gr\nd freezes1 hoe ^u !m "o or two in*es ( soil1 rak+ x (f z soon z freez+ wea!r is ov] 9 ! spr+4 #g4 ,! e>li] plants are set out 9 spr+1 ! bett]1 if ! gr\nd & wea!r are suitable4 ,x is usually be/ to wait till ! dang] ( sev]e fro/ is ov]4 ,d n plant :5 ! gr\nd is wet & /icky1 or dry & lumpy1 at any season1 if x c be help$4 ,d n plant 9 a high1 hot or cold w9d4 ,make ! mo/ ( mild1 /ill1 & cl\dy days4 ,if plants c be set be=e a /orm or %[]1 mu* is ga9$2 b ?is is n ess5tial if roots are imb$d$ _! :ole l5g? 9 moi/ 7n wet7 e>?1 & ! soil made v firm1 ar\nd !m4 ,plant+s may be made 9 v dry wea!r if ! l& is =k$ or pl[$ late 9 ! aft]noon1 & ! plants set imm$iately 9 ! fre%1 moi/ e>?4 ,keep ! roots f contact ) unf]m5t$ manure4 #h4 ,9 h&l+ plants at any "t1 nev] let ! little rootlets dry & %rivel4 ,keep !m f sun1 fro/1 & w9d4 ,if ! roots ( plants receiv$ 9 boxes are froz51 let !m ?aw out 9 a cell> undi/urb$4 ,if roots are black1 %rivell$1 or mu/y f long transportation1 wa% !m 9 clean wat]1 &1 9 ! case ( /rawb]ries1 %ort5 !m "o-?ird1 & !n plant at once 9 moi/ soil4 #i4 ,9 cultivat+ /rawb]ry plants rec5tly set1 /ir ! surface m]ely1 ) a rake1 n ov] half an in* deep4 #aj4 ,nev] di/urb roots by work+ among !m 9 dry wea!r4 ,at su* times1 /ir ! surface only1 & (t54 #aa4 ,if y wat] at all1 wat] ?or\ghly1 & keep ! soil moi/ till ra9 comes2 o!rwise wat]+ is an injury4 #ab4 ,! easie/ & *eape/ way to keep a g>d5 clean is to rake ! gr\nd ov] once a week on sunny days4 ,?is me?od de/roys ! we$s :5 !y are j appe>+1 & ma9ta9s moi/ure4 #ah4 ,pick fruit1 if possible1 :5 x is dry1 & be=e x is ov]-ripe4 ,d n leave x 9 ! sun or w9d1 b take x at once to coolness & %ade4 ,pack c>efully & hone/ly4 ,a qu>t ( small1 decay$1 gre51 or muddy b]ries scatt]$ ?r\gh a crate ( f9e fruit may r$uce its price "o half4 #ad4 ,mul* ev]y?+ y c4 ,save all ! leaves & litt] t c be ga!r$ on ! place1 & apply x ar\nd ! plants only :5 ! gr\nd is moi/4 ,dry gr\nd cov]$ ) mul* may be kept dry all summ]4 #ae4 ,practice summ] p9*+ & prun+ only :5 plants are 9 _! spr+ & e>ly summ] gr[?1 & n aft] ! wood beg9s to rip54 ,if delay$ till !n1 wait till ! plant is dormant 9 ! fall4 #af4 ,s&y or gravelly l& c usually be work$ imm$iately aft] ra92 b if heavy l& is pl[$ or cultivat$ :5 wet1 or s dry z to break up 9 lumps1 x is injur$4 #ag4 ,wat* all crops daily4 ,plants are liv+ ?+s1 & ne$ att5tion4 ,diseases1 insects1 dr\ght1 or wet may de/roy !m 9 a few days1 or ev5 h\rs1 if left unc>$ =4 #ah4 ,if y cultivate /rawb]ries 9 ! spr+1 d ! "w v e>ly--z soon z ! gr\nd is dry en\gh to "w4 ,aft] ! fruit buds %[ !mselves1 /ir ! gr\nd ) a rake or hoe only1 & nev] m ?an an in* deep4 ,i advocate e>ly spr+ cultivation1 & !n ! imm$iate application ( ! mul*4 #ai4 ,j z ! gr\nd beg9s to freeze1 9 ! fall or e>ly w9t]1 cov] /rawb]ry plants ) "s light mat]ial t w prev5t alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,nev] use heavy1 unf]m5t$ manure = ?is purpose4 ,leaves1 /raw1 salt1 hay1 light /able manure1 or any old litt] f ! g>d51 answ]4 #bj4 ,9 sett+ raspb]ry plants1 or any fruit1 nev] set 9 h>d1 unprep>$ soil4 ,d n /ick !m 9 little1 %all[ holes1 nor 9 deep1 n>r[ ones1 :]e9 ! roots are all huddl$ toge!r2 make ! holes l>ge & deep1 ei!r ) ! pl[ or spade1 fill ! bottom p>tly ) f9e1 ri*1 moi/1 surface soil1 free f lumps & manure1 & spread ! roots out on ?is1 !n fill 9 ) v f9e pulv]iz$ e>?1 sett+ ! plant1 9 light l&1 "o or two in*es deep] ?an x grew naturally2 & 9 heavy l& at ! same dep?4 ,if manure is us$1 spread x on ! surface1 ar\nd1 n up aga9/1 ! /em ( ! plant4 #ba4 ,bo? = ! sake ( economy & ?or\ghness1 use ! pl[ & cultivator r ?an =k & hoe1 :5ev] x is possible4 ,gr\nd c be laid out ) a view to ?is rule4 #bb4 ,9 cultivat+ crops among trees1 use %ort :iffle-trees1 ) ! traces s fa/5$ z to prev5t ! "y trees f be+ scrat*$ & w\nd$4 #bc4 ,save1 ) scrupul\s economy1 all wood-a%es1 soap-suds1 & all articles hav+ f]tiliz+ qualities4 ,a compo/ heap is l a sixp5ny sav+s bank4 ,small & frequ5t additions soon make a l>ge aggregate4 ,! fruit-gr[] & 8 l& usually gr[ ri* toge!r1 & 9 ! same proportion4 #bd4 ,once m ,i repeat--9 h&l+ & sett+ out plants1 nev] let ! roots %rivel & dry out4 ,aft] plants & cutt+s are 9 ! gr\nd1 nev] leave !m j long en\gh to dry out & die4 ,keep !m moi/--n wet & sodd51 b moi/ all ! "t4 ,9 sett+ out plants1 especially /rawb]ries1 spread out ! roots1 & make ! gr\nd v firm ab\t !m4 ,9 tr5*+ /ock1 put ! roots d[n deeply1 & cov] well half-way up ! /ems4 ,! g>d5] :o fails to c>ry out ! pr9ciples "u ?is numb] has n le>n$ ! lett] ,a ( 8 bus9ess4 ,mr4 ,william ,p>ry gives ! foll[+ rule = asc]ta9+ ! numb] ( plants requir$ = "o acre ( l&1 :i* conta9s #dc1efj squ>e feet3 ,multiply ! di/ance 9 feet betwe5 ! r[s by ! di/ance ! plants are set ap>t 9 ! r[1 & _! product w be ! numb] ( squ>e feet = ea* plant or hill1 :i*1 divid$ into ! numb] ( feet 9 an acre1 w %[ h[ _m plants or hills ! acre w conta91 ?us3 ,blackb]ries 4 4 4 #h feet by #c #bd7dc1efj7 #a1hae plants4 ,raspb]ries 4 4 4 #g #c #ba7dc1efj7 #b1jgd plants4 ,/rawb]ries 4 4 4 #e #a #e7dc1efj7 #h1gab plants4 ,/rawb]ries 4 4 4 #c #af #d7dc1efj7aj1hij plants4 ,! same rule c be appli$ to all o!r plants or trees4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t fruit-gr[]s take mu* pa9s to secure tru/wor?y pick]s4 ,c>eless1 slov5ly ga!r+ ( ! fruit may rob x ( half its value4 ,x (t5 is necess>y = ^? :o live remote f villages to provide qu>t]s = _! pick]s4 ,usually1 ! bett] ! qu>t]s1 ! bett] ! class t c be obta9$ to d ! "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,/rawb]ries ,to attempt to describe all ! /rawb]ries t h be5 nam$ w\ld be a task almo/ z int]m9able z useless4 ,?is :ole "q ( v>ieties pres5ts a diff]5t phase e f\r or five ye>s4 ,!re=e ,i treat ! subject 9 my f9al *apt]1 9 ord] t ,i may give revision z (t5 z !re %all be occasion = x1 )\t di/urb+ ! body ( ! book4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 c]ta9 v>ieties 7 mak+ almo/ z great a s5sation z ! ,%>pless4 ,!y are n[ reg>d$ z little bett] ?an we$s1 9 mo/ localities4 ,?us ! ne$ ( frequ5t revision is cle>ly indicat$4 ,9 *apt] ?irte5 ,i h spok5 ( ^? v>ieties t h become s well e/abli%$ z to be reg>d$ z /&>ds1 or :i* are s promis+ & popul> z to des]ve especial m5tion4 ,m precise & te*nical descriptions w n[ be giv54 ,i %all n copy old catalogues1 or "n ^? k9ds t h pass$ :olly out ( cultivation4 ,su* descriptions w\ld h no practical value1 & ! /rawb]ry antiqu>ian c f9d !m 9 ! old] works on ?is subject4 ,nei!r %all ,i "n _m =eign k9ds1 z ! majority ( !m h little value ?is side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,soil1 climate1 locality1 & o!r reasons1 cause su* great diff]5ces 9 op9ion 9 reg>d to v>ieties t ,i expect exceptions to be tak5 to e description4 ,_m ( ! new sorts t ,i am te/+ h n1 z yet1 prov$ !mselves wor?y ( m5tion4 ,agriculturi/4--,orig9at$ ) ! late ,mr4 ,se? ,boyd51 ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( an old fri5d ( ,mr4 ,boyd51 ,i am able to give 8 description ( 8 own b]ry1 copi$ f 8 di>y by a memb] ( 8 family3 ,no4 #aj4--,"n1 ,agriculturi/4 ,a cross betwe5 ,no4 #e & ,peabody's ,georgia2 a h>dy1 tall gr[]1 ) mu* foliage & few runn]s2 b]ries v l>ge1 broad %\ld]s1 slightly neck$1 (t5 flat1 & "s coxcomb$ or d\ble1 high crimson color to ! c5tre1 v firm1 & high-flavor$4 ,a /am9ate v>iety4 7,no4 #e is ! ,gre5 ,prolific47 ,! ,agriculturi/ 0 once v popul>1 & is /ill rais$ q l>gely 9 "s localities1 b is fa/ giv+ way to new v>ieties4 ,x is peculi>ly adapt$ to light soils1 b on my place has scald$ & damp5$ (f badly4 ,x seem+ly has _h its day4 ,boyd5's ,no4 #cj 7,se? ,boyd574--,i aga9 let ,mr4 ,boyd5 describe 8 own se$l+3 ,plant above m$ium size2 r\nd leaf1 deep gre52 be>s ! summ] heat well2 b]ries neck$1 r long1 l>ge2 abundance ( se$2 d>k r$2 has buds1 blossoms1 & ripe b]ries on ! same p$uncle2 is ( ! ,agriculturi/ family1 & an ecc5tric plant4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,f ! ref]5ce above1 ,i ga!r t ,no4 #e1 or ,gre5 ,prolific1 is "o ( ! p>5ts ( ?is fam\s b]ry4 ,mr4 ,boyd5 speaks ( "s ( 8 o!r se$l+s m favorably ?an ( ?is--ano!r in/ance ( ! tru? t m5 d n always =m ! mo/ correct judgm5ts ( _! own *ildr54 ,no4 #cj w p]petuate ,mr4 ,boyd5's "n ?r\gh _m com+ ye>s1 & all :o h eat5 ?is sup]b b]ry h reason to bless 8 memory4 ,no4 #e & ,no4 #aj are rapidly disappe>+ f our g>d5s4 ,! ,boyd5 7z x %\ld be nam$7 is "o ( ! l>ge/ & sweete/ b]ries 9 cultivation--too sweet = my ta/e4 ,x responds nobly to high culture1 b x is impati5t ( neglect & light1 dry soils4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ m>ket b]ries1 & al?\gh n h>d1 is firm & dry1 & ?us is well adapt$ = %ipp+4 ,x is "o ( ! few fancy b]ries t w endure long transportation by rail4 ,z ,i h /at$1 ,mr4 ,j]olemon has rais$ #cbg bu%els ( ?is v>iety on an acre1 & receiv$ = ! same #a1chf4 ,give x moi/ soil & cut ! runn]s4 ,bidwell4--,foliage light gre51 plant v vigor\s2 truss #c to #e in*es high2 b]ry v conical1 bright sc>let1 ) a neck highly glaz$1 glossy2 fle% firm1 p9k2 calyx close2 season v e>ly4 ,n yet fully te/$1 b giv+ rem>kable promise4 ,x has seem$ to me to be ! be/ ( ! new e>ly b]ries4 ,/am9ate4 ,beauty4--,plant fairly vigor\s1 leaf cr9kl$2 truss #d to #f in*es high2 b]ry obtusely conical2 long1 glaz$ neck2 crimson1 #c to #f in*es 9 circumf]5ce2 fle% light p9k2 flavor excell5t2 calyx spread+2 season e>ly--a v f9e & beautiful v>iety = ! amateur & fancy m>ket4 ,x requires pett+1 & repays x4 ,x makes v few runn]s4 ,x orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&1 ( ,irv+ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,/am9ate4 ,black ,defiance4--,plant vigor\s1 if ! soil suits x2 foliage d>k gre51 l[1 bu%y2 d[ny leaf-/alk2 truss l[2 #b #a_/b to #d in*es2 b]ry v d>k crimson2 v obtuse conical1 (t5 r\nd & irregul>2 e>ly1 fle% d>k crimson1 flavor sprightly1 high1 & ri*2 mod]ately productive2 calyx spread+2 incl9$ to /ool2 its runn]s be> fruit 9 ,septemb]4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ v>ieties orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,dur&1 :o has giv5 me ! foll[+ hi/ory3 ,x is a se$l+ ( ,boyd5's ,gre5 ,prolific1 impregnat$ by ! ,triomphe de ,g&4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahfj4 ,! b]ry 0 exce$+ly t>t :5 fir/ r$1 & 0 on t acc\nt pron\nc$ wor?less by compet5t judges 7s consid]$74 ,hav+ b limit$ exp]i5ce at ! "t1 ,i ?rew x aside1 b aft]w>d reta9$ five plants to f9i% a r[ ( trial se$l+s4 ,ev5tually x 0 %[n at ! exhibition ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,agricultural ,society1 & 0 aw>d$ ! fir/ prize z ! be/ new se$l+1 by su* compet5t judges z ,a4 ,s4 ,full]1 ,dr4 ,?urb]1 & ,*as4 ,d[n+4 ,f t day to ?is all lov]s ( good fruit h indors$ _! op9ion4 ,x is firm1 & c be %ipp$ long di/ances4 ,/am9ate4 ,black ,giant4--,said to be a decid$ improvem5t on ! above1 & to h ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics2 b n yet te/$ by g5]al cultivation4 ,black ,pr9ce4--,an old & once popul> ,engli% v>iety1 "o ( ,ke5's se$l+s1 n[ r>ely gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,brilliant4--,orig9at$ ) ,w4 ,b4 ,/or]1 ( ,akron1 ,ohio1 :o describes x z a l>ge conical b]ry2 color a d>k1 glossy r$1 & deep r$ all ?r\gh2 flavor ri*4 ,plant v h>dy & prolific4 ,briti% ,que54--,"o ( ,myatt's se$l+s1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,m]rick writes3 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ fam\s b]ry ev] rais$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e x is a favorite = m>ket4 ,un=tunately1 x does n come to full p]fection "h1 & is n only t5d] b v caprici\s 9 *oice ( soils4 ,x is ! p>5t ( _m excell5t k9ds4 ,! fruit is ( ! l>ge/ size & highe/ flavor4 ,/am9ate4 ,brooklyn ,sc>let4--,"o ( ! be/-flavor$ b]ries1 b too s(t1 except = home use4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,full]4 ,/am9ate4 ,bo/on ,p9e4--,once a favorite 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bo/on1 & l>gely us$ to f]tilize ,hovey's ,se$l+4 ,b few are rais$ n[1 to my k4 ,fruit q l>ge2 slightly conical2 deep1 glossy crimson2 r firm2 juicy1 & ( good flavor4 ,! plant requires hill culture 9 ri* soil4 ,/am9ate4 ,burr's ,new ,p9e4--,a m$ium-siz$1 r\ndi% b]ry2 sc>let 9 ! sun2 pale 9 ! %ade2 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 e>ly1 v s(t4 ,pi/illate4 ,belle4--,"o ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,moore's se$l+s4 ,new4 ,i give an extract f ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society's report3 ,! ,belle1 we ?9k1 is ! l>ge/ /rawb]ry ev] exhibit$ on our tables4 ,z yet1 n g5]ally te/$4 ,capta9 ,jack4--,plant mod]ately vigor\s2 leaf-/alk smoo?1 wiry2 v d>k gre5 foliage1 :i* 9 _m regions is incl9$ to burn2 truss #e to #g in*es2 recumb5t2 v mu* bran*$1 ) f #ab to #ah b]ries2 b]ry light sc>let1 r\nd1 fair size & uni=m2 fle% p9k1 mod]ately firm2 flavor poor2 calyx close2 season late2 v productive2 fl[]s gr[ above ! leaves2 ! fruit endures transportation rem>kably well2 /am9ate4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,s4 ,mill]1 ( ,bluffton1 ,mo41 & is a se$l+ ( ! ,wilson4 ,*>les ,d[n+4--,plant v vigor\s2 foliage light gre52 tall & sl5d]2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #f to #g in*es1 sl5d]1 droop+2 #h to #aj b]ries1 :i* are sc>let1 ) a pale *eek--crimson :5 fully ripe2 b]ry r\nd to obtuse conical2 regul>1 ! fir/ slightly ridg$2 some:at s(t2 fle% juicy1 light p9k2 flavor v f9e2 size #c to #e in*es 9 circumf]5ce2 calyx spread+ & recurv$2 season m$ium2 v productive4 ,?is is "o ( ! be/ family v>ieties1 & is plant$ e ye> m l>gely = m>ket4 ,) c>e1 x endures transportation v well1 & ^? :o once ta/e x ask = x aga94 ,!re are few1 if any o!r1 v>ieties t d s well ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,d[n]1 ,fairview1 ,ky4 ,/am9ate4 ,*ampion4--,plant vigor\s2 foliage d>k gre52 leaf/alk d[ny2 truss #e to #f in*es1 bran*$2 b]ry d>k crimson1 r\nd2 fle% r s(t1 crimson2 flavor v good :5 fully ripe1 b poor :5 x fir/ turns r$2 size #b #a_/b to #e in*es2 calyx recurv$2 season m$ium to late2 exce$+ly productive4 ,"o ( ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable = ne> m>ket4 ,orig9at$ ) ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,neff1 ,c>lisle1 ,pa4 ,pi/illate4 ,c>ol9e4--,plant a mod]ate gr[]2 foliage light gre52 leaf-/alk some:at d[ny2 truss #d to #e in*es2 b]ry bright sc>let1 ) a v>ni%$ appe>ance2 bulky1 conical2 fle% sc>let2 flavor good2 size #c to #d in*es2 calyx spread+2 season m$ium4 ,orig9at$ ) ,j4 ,b4 ,moore1 ,concord1 ,mass4 ,/am9ate4 ,cresc5t ,se$l+4--,plant vigor\s1 tall1 ) d>k gre5 & v sl5d] foliage2 leaf-/alk r smoo?2 truss #f to #h in*es1 well bran*$2 be>+ #ab to #ah b]ries2 bright sc>let b]ry1 r\nd to conical1 ) a peculi> depression ne> ! apex2 l>ge ones some:at irregul>2 size #b to #d in*es2 fle% sc>let2 flavor n good1 unless gr[n on light l& & ! b]ry rip5s 9 ! sun2 calyx recurv$4 ,s(t = long c>riage2 b its bright color & fair size1 "u good culture1 cause x to sell readily 9 ne> m>kets4 ,i ?9k ! public w dem& bett]-flavor$ b]ries4 ,x c]ta9ly %\ld4 ,!re are few we$s t c compete ) ! ,cresc5t 9 vigor\s gr[?4 ,x does well 9 ! hot climate ( ! ,s\?4 ,inde$1 !re are few soils s poor & dry t x _c ?rive ^u !m2 &1 at ! same "t1 "u high culture1 ) runn]s cut1 x improves wond]fully4 ,x has yield$ at ! rate ( #ae1jjj qu>ts to ! acre4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,william ,p>melee1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 9 #ahgj4 ,pi/illate1 or ne>ly s4 ,c5t5nial ,favorite4--,plant vigor\s1 tall1 ) light gre5 foliage2 truss #c to #g in*es1 mu* bran*$2 b]ry d>k sc>let1 r\nd to flat1 incl9$ to h a neck1 #b to #d in*es2 smoo? & glossy 9 appe>ance1 uni=m 9 size1 fle% d>k sc>let2 flavor f9e2 calyx spread+2 season m$ium to late2 mod]ately productive4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&1 ,irv+ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,pi/illate4 ,c9d]ella4-,plant v vigor\s1 ) light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alks s(t1 d[ny2 truss #d to #f in*es2 b]ry conical1 sometimes neck$1 bright sc>let1 glossy2 fle% mod]ately firm1 light p9k2 flavor fair1 b n high2 size #c to #e in*es2 season e>ly to m$ium2 calyx spread+4 ,! "y plants are n v productive1 b ,i ?9k !y w\ld improve greatly 9 ?is respect if ! runn]s 7 cut1 & t !y w\ld be> bett] ! second ye>4 ,! b]ry is almo/ z beautiful & attractive z ! ,juc&a1 :i* x resembles some:at2 & x c be gr[n on light soils1 :]e ! ,jucunda _c ?rive4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,osc> ,felton1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 #ahgh4 ,/am9ate4 ,cont95tal4--,plant vigor\s2 leaf-/alk smoo?2 truss #e to #g in*es1 well bran*$1 be>+ #ab to #ah b]ries2 b]ry d>k crimson1 obtusely conical2 fle% firm1 sc>let2 flavor good2 calyx recurv+2 season late2 mod]ately productive1 &1 "u hill culture1 v prolific4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,osc> ,felton4 ,/am9ate4 ,:5 visit+ ,mr4 ,felton1 ,i saw sev]al o!r se$l+s ( great promise1 :i* ,i hope he w s5d out at an e>ly date4 ,colonel ,*5ey4--,plant l[1 spread+1 vigor\s1 ) light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #c to #e in*es1 l[1 bran*+2 b]ry light sc>let1 long1 conical1 neck$2 l>ge ones v irregul>2 fle% p9k1 wat]y1 s(t2 ! core t5ds to pull out ) ! hull2 flavor poor2 calyx spread+2 season m$ium to late2 v productive1 & ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,purdy1 editor ,small ,fruit ,record]1 writes to me t = ne> m>kets x is /ill gr[n ) great pr(it 9 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,pi/illate4 ,crimson ,cone4--7,scot* ,runn] or ,p9e-apple74 ,ab\t f\rte5 ye>s ago1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,full]1 !re 7 m acres ( ?is old-fa%ion$ v>iety cultivat$ = ! ,new ,york m>ket ?an ( all o!r k9ds toge!r4 ,!y 7 also call$ ,hack5sacks1 & 7 br\ght 9 ! small1 h&l$ baskets already describ$1 & 7 hull$ z !y 7 pick$--_! long neck mak+ ?is an easy task4 ,!y are small1 regul>1 conical1 firm1 ) a ri*1 sprightly1 acid flavor4 ,x is n a pi/illate1 z _m claim1 ,mr4 ,full] ass]ts1 b a spuri\s v>iety1 l>gely mix$ ) x1 is a pi/illate4 ,x is "o ( ! hi/orical /rawb]ries1 b x has _h its day4 ,9 size & flavor x is a ne> approa* to ! wild b]ry4 ,cumb]l& ,triumph4--,plant vigor\s1 ) d>k gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk smoo?2 truss #f to #g in*es2 well bran*$2 b]ry r\nd & v uni=m 9 %ape1 pale sc>let2 fle% light p9k1 s(t2 v l>ge2 size #c to #f in*es2 calyx close2 season e>ly to m$ium4 ,"o ( ! be/ = family use4 ,"u high culture1 x is sup]b4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,amos ,mill]1 ( ,c>lisle1 ,pa4 ,/am9ate4 ,damask ,beauty4--,foliage v d>k gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss l[1 #b #a_/b to #d in*es1 b]ry v light sc>let obtusely conical2 size #b to #d in*es2 fle% s(t1 juicy1 p9k2 flavor f9e2 calyx close2 season e>ly4 ,a v di/9ct v>iety1 & int]e/+ to an amateur1 b ( no great value4 ,/am9ate4 ,du*esse4--,plant vigor\s1 tall2 leaves d>k gre52 leaf-/alk & midrib v d[ny2 truss #g in*es2 recumb5t1 well bran*$1 #f to #h b]ries t hold out well 9 size2 b]ry r\nd1 bulky1 v uni=m1 mod]ately firm2 bright sc>let2 fle% p9k1 juicy2 flavor f9e2 size #c to #d in*es2 season v e>ly1 b cont9u+ q long4 ,incl9$ to /ool1 or make l>ge plants f a s+le root2 enorm\sly productive2 f #ej to #bjj b]ries to a plant1 9 hill culture4 ,i reg>d x z ! be/ e>ly /&>d b]ry1 & h always f\nd x "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable = m>ket4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,d4 ,h4 ,b>nes1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y1 ,/am9ate4 ,duncan4--,plant vigor\s2 foliage light gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #e to #g in*es2 b]ry sc>let1 r\nd to oval1 (t5 decid$ly conical2 l>ge ones irregul>1 & cox-comb$1 fle% p9k1 n v firm2 flavor v good2 calyx close to spread+2 a productive1 f9e v>iety1 t1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 has n be5 appreciat$4 ,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,lucas1 ( ,ul/] ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,/am9ate4 ,doctor ,nicaise4--,a ,fr5* v>iety2 enorm\sly l>ge2 s(t2 n productive2 & on my gr\nds wret*$ 9 flavor4 ,d[n]'s ,prolific4--,a light sc>let b]ry2 m$ium to l>ge2 oval1 r\ndi%1 s(t2 acid1 b ( good flavor1 & p]fum$ l ! wild b]ry4 ,plant v vigor\s & capable ( endur+ mu* neglect2 pr(itable = home use & ne> m>ket4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,/am9ate4 ,dr4 ,w>d]4--,plant tall1 mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage light gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #g to #i in*es1 bran*$1 full ( diff]5t-siz$ b]ries2 b]ry long1 conical1 well %\ld]$1 crimson1 firm2 fle% p9k2 flavor good2 size #d to #f in*es2 calyx close2 season v late2 burns badly1 ne$s to be 9 %ade4 ,/am9ate4 ,a sup]b v>iety if x did n lose its foliage4 ,e>ly ,hudson4--,plant v vigor\s1 ) light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #d to #e in*es1 /rong1 well bran*$2 b]ry crimson1 flatti%-r\nd2 :5 l>ge1 some:at irregul>2 fle% crimson1 juicy1 s(t2 size #c to #e in*es2 season v e>ly2 v productive4 ,"o ( ! be/ = family use1 & v productive & f9e1 ) runn]s cut4 ,pi/illate4 ,eliza4--,plant mod]ately vigor\s2 d>k gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #c to #e in*es1 /\t1 bran*$2 b]ry light sc>let1 r\nd to conical1 neck$1 l>ge ones irregul> & coxcomb$2 fle% firm1 :ite2 flavor excell5t2 calyx close2 season late2 mod]ately productive4 ,"o ( ! be/ =eign v>ieties4 ,/am9ate4 ,e>ly ,adela4--,n wor? gr[+ on my gr\nds4 ,fr5*'s ,se$l+4--,plant vigor\s1 ) light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #e to #g in*es2 b]ry r\nd1 sc>let2 size m$ium2 se$s deep-pitt$2 fle% p9k1 s(t2 flavor good2 calyx spread+2 season e>ly2 mod]ately productive4 ,f\nd gr[+ wild 9 a mead[1 ne> ,morri/[n1 ,n4 ,j4 ,=e/ ,rose4--,plant mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage light gre52 truss #c to #e in*es1 bran*+2 b]ry bright sc>let1 l>ge1 & ! fir/ some:at irregul>1 #d to #f in*es2 fle% light p9k2 flavor v f9e2 calyx spread+ & recurv+2 season e>ly4 ,"o ( ! be/ :]e x c be gr[n1 b 9 "s regions ! foliage burns4 ,discov]$ gr[+ 9 a v9ey>d1 by ,mr4 ,fett]s1 ( ,lanca/]1 ,ohio4 ,/am9ate4 ,front5ac4--,foliage light gre52 plant mod]ately vigor\s2 leaf-/alk wiry2 truss #e in*es1 #f to #h b]ries2 b]ry bright sc>let1 r\ndi% & slightly irregul>2 size #b to #c in*es2 fle% p9k1 solid2 season late2 mod]ately productive2 ! foliage is incl9$ to burn4 ,gl5dale4--,?is v>iety is n[ greatly prais$ z a m>ket b]ry4 ,dr4 ,?urb] & ,i exam9$ x toge!r1 & agre$ t its flavor 0 only second-rate2 b1 z we h already se51 ! public does n discrim9ate v nicely on ?is po9t4 ,x av]ages l>ge1 sometimes exce$+ six in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x is long1 conical1 uni=m 9 %ape1 neck$4 ,! fir/ b]ries are (t5 ridg$ some:at1 b ,i h nev] se5 x flat or coxcomb$4 ,x has a v l>ge calyx1 is light sc>let 9 fle% & color1 v firm1 & !re=e w probably keep & %ip well1 ! l>ge calyx aid+ 9 ?is respect also4 ,! plant is vigor\s & makes a long runn] be=e ! new plant =ms4 ,leaves l>ge & d>k gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #d to #f in*es2 season v late4 ,f\nd1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,/or]1 gr[+ wild 9 ,gl5dale ,cemet]y1 ,akron1 ,o41 9 #ahga4 ,/am9ate4 ,i ?9k ?is b]ry has a future z a m>ket v>iety4 ,gre5 ,prolific4---,"o ( ! late ,mr4 ,se? ,boyd5's not$ v>ieties1 & a p>5t ( f> bett] b]ries ?an itself4 ,i quote aga9 f ,mr4 ,boyd5's di>y3 ,no4 #e2 a cross ) ,hovey's ,se$l+ & ,kitley's ,golia?2 a l>ge plant1 & seldom injur$ by summ] heat2 v luxuriant gr[] & be>]2 b]ries above m$ium size & ( good quality4 ,a pi/illate4 ,?is b]ry 0 once v popul>1 b has be5 sup]s$$4 ,! fruit is v s(t1 & second-rate 9 flavor4 ,! plant is s vigor\s & h>dy t1 9 comb9ation ) a f9e /am9ate1 x might be ! p>5t ( sup]ior new v>ieties4 ,g5]al ,%]man4--,new4 ,describ$ z l>ge1 conical1 regul>1 brilliant sc>let2 quality good2 productive2 e>ly4 ,great ,am]ican4--,plant b mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage d>k gre52 leaf-/alks d[ny2 truss #d to #g in*es2 b]ry d>k crimson1 r\nd to conical2 "u poor culture1 #b to #c in*es 9 size1 b sometimes v l>ge1 #aj to #ab in*es2 fle% p9k2 flavor only fair2 season late2 unproductive1 unless j suit$ 9 soil & treatm5t4 ,9 mo/ localities1 ! foliage burns or scalds 9 ! sun1 & also seems j adapt$ to ! ta/e ( ! flea-beetle & o!r insects4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&1 & "u 8 exce$+ly high culture & skilful managem5t x yield$ imm5se crops ( enorm\s b]ries t sold z high z a doll> p] qu>t2 b ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at l>ge1 ) a few exceptions1 x seems to h be5 a melan*oly failure ,f ?is v>iety 0 produc$ a b]ry measur+ ov] f\rte5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce--probably ! l>ge/ /rawb]ry ev] gr[n4 ,/am9ate4 ,gold5 ,defiance4--,plant tall1 v vigor\s1 some:at sl5d]1 light gre52 leaf-/alk mod]ately d[ny2 truss #e to #g in*es1 #ab to #bj b]ries1 well clu/]$--all ! b]ries develop+ to a good size2 b]ry d>k sc>let1 obtusely conical1 smoo?1 sometimes neck$1 v uni=m1 #c to #e in*es2 fle% sc>let1 q firm1 juicy2 flavor v f9e2 calyx spread+ & recurv+2 season late4 ,= ?ree successive ye>s ?is has be5 ! be/ late b]ry on my place1 & "o ( ! mo/ beautiful4 ,unless x *anges its "*1 x w w9 its way to ! front rank 9 popul>ity4 ,if its runn]s are cut1 x is exce$+ly productive ( fruit t is z f9e-flavor$ z %[y4 ,pi/illate4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,amos ,mill]1 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,glossy ,gone4--,"o ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,dur&'s se$l+s4 ,a pretty b]ry1 ) a v>ni%$ appe>ance1 b nei!r productive nor vigor\s on my gr\nds1 ?us f>4 ,new4 ,hel54--,new4 ,plant tall1 vigor\s1 ) d>k gre5 foliage1 v d[ny2 truss #e to #g in*es1 bran*$2 b]ry light sc>let1 flat1 conical2 fle% :ite1 firm2 flavor f9e2 calyx close2 season late4 ,i fe> ! foliage is incl9$ to burn badly4 ,/am9ate4 ,h]vey ,davis4-,new ,plant tall1 r vigor\s1 ) light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk smoo?1 except :5 "y2 truss #e to #f in*es2 b]ry bright sc>let1 %\ld]$1 obtusely conical1 glossy2 fle% v light p9k1 firm2 flavor good2 calyx close2 season m$ium2 productive4 ,x has seem$ to me ! mo/ promis+ ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,moore's se$l+s4 ,! b]ry resembles ! ,jucunda some:at4 ,/am9ate4 ,hovey's ,se$l+4--,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! hi/orical b]ries1 & /ill rais$ q l>gely ar\nd ,bo/on4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 & 0 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahce4 ,its introduction made a great s5sation 9 ! fruit _w1 & ! fact ( its be+ a pi/illate gave rise to no end ( discussion4 ,_m :o fir/ b\ght x set x out by itself1 & ( c\rse x bore no fruit2 !re=e !y condemn$ x4 ,:5 its ne$ ( f]tilization 0 und]/ood1 _m us$ wild plants f ! woods = ?is purpose1 & !n f\nd x to be ! l>ge/ & mo/ productive /rawb]ry 9 cultivation at t p]iod4 ,su* l>ge crops 7 (t5 rais$ t ! !ory 0 advanc$ by _m t pi/illates z a class w\ld be m productive ?an /am9ates1 & horticulturi/s became z controv]sial z ! mo/ zeal\s ( !ologians4 ,! b]ry & ! vex$ que/ions t x rais$ h bo? ceas$ to occupy g5]al att5tion1 b _m ( ! new v>ieties h]ald$ to-day are n equal to ?is old-fa%ion$ sort4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ ?us describes x3 ,! v9es are vigor\s & h>dy1 produc+ mod]ately l>ge crops1 & ! fruit is always ( ! l>ge/ size & f9ely flavor$2 ! leaves are l>ge1 r light gre51 & ! fruit-/alks long & erect2 fruit r\ndi%-oval & slightly conical1 deep %9+1 sc>let1 se$s slightly imb$d$2 fle% firm2 season ab\t m$ium4 ,huddle/on's ,favorite4--,new4 ,?us describ$ by ,e4 ,y4 ,teas1 ( ,dunrei?1 ,ind43 ,a vigor\s gr[]1 ) l>ge1 glossy foliage1 t /&s ! sun well2 b]ries ( ! l>ge/ size1 r\nd1 ) small calyx1 ( a bright1 glossy1 crimson color1 rip5+ ev5ly1 firm1 ) a ri*1 spicy flavor2 late2 v beautiful 9 appe>ance4 ,jucunda4--,a sl[ r ?an feeble gr[]1 on heavy soils2 light gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk smoo?2 truss #e to #g in*es2 b]ry high-%\ld]$1 conical1 ( a bright1 glossy crimson1 v %[y2 fle% sc>let1 firm2 flavor fair & good :5 fully ripe2 calyx close2 season late4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,hexam] = ! foll[+ hi/ory3 ,! late ,rev4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,knox1 ( ,pittsburgh1 told me t 9 a b$ ( :at he receiv$ z ,bonte de ,/4 ,juli51 he f\nd a numb] ( plants t seem$ to him a new v>iety4 ,suppos+ !m to be a new & v desirable se$l+1 he sep>at$ !m f ! o!rs & propagat$ !m "u ! "n ( '#gjj4' ,be=e he (f]$ !m = sale he discov]$ t !y 7 id5tical ) ! ,jucunda1 & :5 !y 7 br\ght out1 9 #ahfe1 x 0 "u ! true "n1 ,jucunda 7,knox's #gjj74 ,"o au?ority /ates t x orig9at$ 9 ,engl&1 ) a ,mr4 ,salt]2 ano!r says t x 0 import$ f ,belgium4 ,?is is ( little consequ5ce comp>$ ) ! fact t x is ! f9e/ =eign b]ry we h1 on heavy soils4 ,i d n recomm5d x = light l&1 unless ! runn]s are cut & high culture is giv54 ,mr4 ,m4 ,craw=d1 ( ,cuyahoga ,falls1 ,ohio1 makes ! int]e/+ /atem5t t ,mr4 ,knox sold ov] two hundr$ bu%els ( ?is v>iety 9 "o day1 at #af p] bu%el4 ,x has always be5 "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable on my heavy l&4 ,! "y plants are small & feeble4 ,/am9ate4 ,k5tucky ,se$l+4--,plant tall1 vigor\s1 b sl5d] & apt to fall2 light gre5 foliage2 truss #h to #aj in*es1 ) #h to #aj b]ries2 b]ry sc>let1 conical1 high-%\ld]$1 some:at flatt5$ at ! tip1 regul> 9 %ape & uni=m 9 size1 a little r\gh1 knobby1 ) se$s set 9 deep pits2 fle% b mod]ately firm1 & v :ite2 flavor ( ! be/2 calyx spread+ & recurv+2 season late & long-cont9u$2 v productive--"o ( ! v be/2 size #c to #d #a_/b in*es4 ,x succe$s well on light soils & "u ! ,s\!rn sun1 & improves wond]fully "u hill culture4 ,/am9ate4 ,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,lady ( ! ,lake4--,plant tall1 vigor\s1 d>k gre5 foliage2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #g to #h in*es2 b]ry crimson1 conical neck$2 fle% p9k1 firm2 flavor good1 b r dry2 size mod]ate2 calyx spread+2 season m$ium2 productive4 ,/am9ate4 ,x has be51 & is /ill1 a favorite ) ! m>ket-m5 ar\nd ,bo/on4 ,orig9at$ by a ,mr4 ,scott1 9 ,brighton1 ,mass4 ,la ,con/ant4--,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! =eign b]ries2 fle% rosy :ite1 sweet1 juicy1 v firm1 & ( exquisite flavor4 ,! plants are dw>f & compact1 & !y require ! highe/ culture4 ,ev5 !n ! crop is unc]ta92 = ! v>iety1 l high-born beauty1 is v caprici\s2 b its smiles1 9 ! way ( fruit1 are su* z to delight ! mo/ fa/idi\s ( amateurs4 ,orig9at$ by ,de ,jonghe4 ,/am9ate4 ,x is "o ( ! favorite v>ieties abroad = =c+4 ,lady's ,f+]4--,an old v>iety1 n[ n (t5 se54 ,conical1 & v elongat$1 & ( a brilliant1 d>k sc>let color4 ,x 0 once popul>1 b has be5 sup]s$$4 ,l5nig's ,:ite 7,:ite ,p9e-apple74--,?is is n /rictly a :ite b]ry1 = x has a delicate flu% if expos$ to ! sun4 ,! fle% is pure :ite1 juicy1 melt+1 sweet & delici\s 9 flavor1 & s aromatic t "o b]ry w p]fume a l>ge ap>tm5t4 ,! plant is vigor\s & h>dy1 b a %y be>]4 ,hill culture & clipp$ runn]s are ess5tial to fruit1 b1 = a connoisseur's table1 a qu>t is wor? a bu%el ( "s v>ieties4 ,x is ! be/ :ite v>iety1 & evid5tly a se$l+ ( ! ,f4 ,*il5sis4 ,x orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,mr4 ,l5nig1 ( ,g]mant[n1 ,pa4 ,/am9ate4 ,laurel ,leaf4--,new4 ,plant mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage d>k gre52 leaf-/alk q smoo?2 truss #c to #e in*es1 l[1 /ocky2 b]ry v light sc>let2 r\nd to conical1 %ort neck2 fle% s(t1 light p9k2 size mod]ate2 flavor good2 calyx close4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,a4 ,n4 ,jones1 ,le ,roy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/am9ate4 ,longwor?'s ,prolific4--,an old v>iety1 t is pass+ out ( cultivation2 /ill gr[n q ext5sively 9 ,cali=nia4 ,x is a l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval b]ry ( good flavor4 ,! plant is said to be vigor\s & productive4 ,orig9at$ on ! gr\nds ( ! late ,mr4 ,n4 ,longwor? ( ,c9c9nati4 ,longfell[4--,new4 ,describ$ z v l>ge1 elongat$1 conical1 occasionally irregul>2 color d>k r$1 glossy & beautiful2 fle% firm1 sweet1 & ri*2 plant vigor\s ) d>k gre51 heal?y foliage1 n liable to burn 9 ! sun2 v productive1 cont9u+ long 9 be>+1 & ( l>ge size to ! la/4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,a4 ,d4 ,webb1 ,b[l+ ,gre51 ,ky4 ,m>v94-,?is new b]ry is already excit+ mu* att5tion1 & ,i am glad t ,i c give a description f s c>eful & em95t a horticulturi/ z ,mr4 ,t4 ,t4 ,lyon1 ,presid5t ,mi*igan ,/ate ,pomological ,society3 ,f notes tak5 at ! rip5+ ( ! fruit3 ',plant vigor\s1 v /ocky1 ( r l[ gr[?1 be>+ a f9e crop = "y plants2 foliage ne>ly r\nd1 ?ick 9 sub/ance1 flat or cupp$2 s]ratures broad & %all[2 fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 longi% conical2 l>ge specim5s (t5 coxcomb$2 bright crimson2 began to color ,june #af1 & ! fir/ ripe b]ries 7 ga!r$ on ! #bj?2 /ems ( m$ium height--/rong2 fle% light crimson2 :iti% at ! c5tre1 firm & juicy2 flavor high1 ri*1 f9e1 ) a v pleasant aroma2 se$s prom95t2 gre5i% br[n4 ,we reg>d ?is z a highly promis+1 v l>ge1 late v>iety1 & especially s = m>ket purposes4 ,/am9ate4' ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,h>ry ,m>v91 ,ovid1 ,mi*41 & said to be f ! ,wilson & ,jucunda--an excell5t p>5tage4 ,m9]'s ,great ,prolific4--,plant vigor\s2 leaves light gre51 smoo?2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss six in*es1 well bran*$1 sl5d]1 droop+2 b]ry deep crimson1 r\nd & bulky1 regul> %\ld]$2 tip gre5 :5 half-ripe2 fle% p9k1 mod]ately firm2 flavor good2 calyx spread+2 size f\r to five in*es2 season m$ium to late4 ,! b]ry holds out well 9 size1 & resembles ! ,*>les ,d[n+ some:at1 b av]ages l>g]4 ,x has seem$ to me z promis+ a new v>iety z ! ,%>pless4 ,i believe x has a long future4 ,orig9at$ ) late ,t4 ,b4 ,m9] 9 #ahgg4 ,/am9ate4 ,mon>* ( ! ,we/4--,plant v vigor\s2 leaves light1 :5 "y1 & lat] ( a gold5 gre51 some:at smoo?2 truss six in*es2 f\r to eight b]ries2 b]ry (t5 ( a c>pet-bag %ape1 squ>e %\ld]$1 & sometimes coxcomb$1 l>ge1 magnific5t2 pale sc>let2 fle% light p9k1 t5d]2 flavor v f9e2 calyx spread+ & recurv+2 tip ( b]ry gre5 :5 n fully ripe1 b x colors ev5ly if giv5 "t4 ,:5 flavor is ! gauge ( excell5ce 9 ! m>ket1 ?is fam\s b]ry w be 9 ! front rank4 ,its color & s(tness are aga9/ x1 b its sup]b size1 delici\sness & aroma %\ld make x eag]ly s\ght aft] by all :o want a g5u9e /rawb]ry4 ,9 ! op5 m>ket1 x already (t5 br+s d\ble ! price ( ,wilsons4 ,9 ! home g>d51 x has few equals4 ,) "s exceptions1 x does well f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia4 ,! n>r[ r[ culture greatly increases its size & productiv5ess4 ,i h _h _m crates pick$ 9 :i* !re 7 few b]ries t did n av]age five in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,mr4 ,jesse ,brady1 ( ,plano1 ,ill9ois1 gives me ! foll[+ hi/ory3 ,! ,mon>* 0 rais$ by me 9 #ahfg1 f "o ( a numb] ( se$l+s1 gr[n previ\sly1 & cross$ ) ,boyd5's ,gre5 ,prolific4 ,! said se$l+ 0 nev] introduc$ to ! public4 ,i rais$ f\rte51 & cultivat$ ?ree ( !m sev]al ye>s4 ,!y 7 produc$ f an ,engli% b]ry1 "n unkn[n to me4 ,m>?a4--,a f9e1 l>ge b]ry1 b1 z ,i h se5 x1 ! foliage burns s badly t ,i ?9k x w pass out ( cultivation unless x improves 9 ?is respect4 ,/am9ate4 ,neunan's ,prolific 7,*>le/on ,b]ry74--,foliage tall1 sl5d]1 d>k gre52 fruit-/alk tall2 b]ries light sc>let1 incl9$ to h a neck at ! ,nor?1 n s mu* s at ! ,s\?4 ,fir/ b]ries l>ge1 obtusely conical2 ! latt] & small] b]ries becom+ r\nd2 calyx v l>ge & droop+ ov] ! b]ry2 exce$+ly firm--h>d1 inde$--& s\r :5 fir/ r$2 b gr[+ ri*] & bett] 9 flavor 9 full maturity2 usually a vigor\s gr[]4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by a ,mr4 ,neunan1 ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 & sc>cely any o!r v>iety is gr[n 9 t great /rawb]ry c5tre4 ,napoleon ,,iii4--,a v l>ge =eign b]ry1 (t5 flatt5$ & coxcomb$4 ,i f\nd t its foliage burn$ s badly ,i c\ld n gr[ x4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,b>ry describes ! plant z r>ely vigor\s1 & be>+ only a few l>ge1 beautiful b]ries4 ,new ,j]sey ,sc>let4--,an old-fa%ion$ m>ket b]ry t succe$$ well on ! light soils ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,once popul>1 b n mu* gr[n n[1 ,i ?9k4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ describes x z m$ium 9 size1 conical1 ) a neck2 light1 cle> sc>let2 mod]ately firm1 juicy1 sprightly4 ,/am9ate4 ,nicanor4--,a se$+ ( ! ,triomphe de ,g&1 t orig9at$ on ! gr\nds ( ,messrs4 ,ellwang] ,b>ry1 & is describ$ by ,mr4 ,b>ry z h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive1 e>ly1 & cont9u+ 9 be>+ a long "t2 fruit mod]ately l>ge2 uni=m1 r\ndi%1 conical2 bright sc>let2 fle% r$di%1 r firm1 juicy1 sweet2 ( f9e flavor4 ,i f\nd t x requir$ heavy soil1 high culture1 ) clipp$ runn]s1 to produce1 on my place1 fruit l>ge en\gh to be ( value4 ,! fruit rip5$ v e>ly & 0 ( excell5t flavor4 ,/am9ate4 ,new ,dom9ion4--,describ$ by ,mr4 ,craw=d1 z v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 uni=m 9 size & %ape2 bright r$2 glossy1 firm1 ( good flavor1 & productive2 season m$ium4 ,i h se5 x look+ poorly on light soil4 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,c4 ,n4 ,bigg>1 on ! battlefield ( ,lundy's ,lane4 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4--,new2 a v vigor\s gr[]1 be>+ a long1 conical b]ry ) a glaz$ neck4 ,unte/$1 b v promis+4 ,/am9ate4 ,presid5t ,l9coln4--,plant mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage light gre52 truss #e to #f in*es1 /rong2 b]ry crimson1 conical2 (t5 long ) a neck2 ! fir/ l>ge b]ries are coxcomb$ & v irregul>2 fle% firm1 sc>let2 flavor ( ! v be/2 size #c to #f in*es2 calyx close to spread+4 ,"o ( ! be/ v>ieties = an amateur4 ,among !m (t51 )\t any app>5t cause1 are f\nd small bu%y plants ) small] leaves1 & b]ries full ( f+]s & toes4 ,^! %\ld be pull$ out4 ,! v>iety evid5tly conta9s mu* =eign blood1 b is "o ( ! be/ ( ! class4 ,! b]ries almo/ rival ! ,%>pless 9 size1 & are bett] 9 flavor1 b ! plant is n s good a gr[]4 ,specim5s h be5 pick$ measur+ ov] elev5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,x is said to h orig9at$ ) a ,mr4 ,smi?1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 9 #ahge4 ,/am9ate4 ,presid5t ,wild]4--,9 ! e/imation ( _m good judges1 ?is is ! mo/ beautiful & be/-flavor$ /rawb]ry 9 exi/5ce--an op9ion 9 :i* ,i co9cide4 ,x has always done well ) me1 & ,i h se5 x ?riv+ 9 _m localities4 ,x is s f9e1 h[ev]1 t x des]ves all ! att5tion t x requires4 ,x is a hybrid ( ! ,la ,con/ant & ,hovey's ,se$l+1 & unites ! good qualities ( bo?1 hav+ mu* ! appe>ance ( ! beautiful =eign b]ry1 & ! h>dy1 sun-resi/+ foliage ( ,hovey's ,se$l+4 ,x has a sugge/ion ( ! musky1 ,hautbois flavor1 :5 fully ripe1 & is ( a bright sc>let color1 deep5+ into crimson 9 maturity4 ,fle% q firm1 rosy :ite1 juicy1 v ri* & delici\s4 ,! b]ry is diamond-%ap$1 obtusely conical1 v regul> & uni=m2 se$s yell[ & ne> ! surface4 ,! plant is l[1 compact1 r dw>f1 ! "y plants q small1 b ! foliage endures ! sun well1 ev5 9 ! f> ,s\?4 ,! plants are m productive ! second ye> ( be>+ ?an 9 ! fir/4 ,"y plants (t5 d n =m fruit buds4 ,mr4 ,m]rick /ates t x orig9at$ ) ,presid5t ,wild]1 9 #ahfa1 & 0 select$ z ! be/ result obta9$ f _m ?\s& se$l+s 9 ?irty ye>s ( cont9ual exp]im5t+4 ,/am9ate4 ,pione]4--,plant vigor\s2 foliage light gre51 tall2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #e to #g in*es2 b]ry sc>let1 neck$1 dry1 sweet1 p]fum$2 fle% p9k1 only mod]ately firm2 flavor ( ! be/2 calyx close to spread+2 season e>ly4 ,?is seems to me ! be/ ( all ,mr4 ,dur&'s new v>ieties t ,i h se51 & x is v good inde$4 ,! foliage dies d[n dur+ ! w9t]1 b ! root s5ds up a new1 /rong gr[?1 :i*1 ,i fe>1 w burn 9 ! ,s\? & on light soils4 ,/am9ate4 ,pr\ty's ,se$l+4--,plant n v vigor\s2 leaf-/alk v smoo?2 truss #c to #e in*es2 b]ry bright sc>let1 glossy1 v long conical2 fle% p9k1 firm2 flavor fair2 calyx close4 ,v productive1 b ! plant does n seem vigor\s en\gh to mature ! enorm\s quantity ( fruit t =ms4 ,) high culture on heavy soil1 ,i ?9k x might be made v pr(itable4 ,/am9ate4 ,panic4--,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,coleman1 ( ,g5eva1 writes me t ?is v>iety promises rem>kably well 9 8 region1 b on my gr\nd x burns s badly z to be valueless4 ,x is a long1 conical b]ry1 v firm & ( good flavor4 ,/am9ate4 ,r$ ,jacket4--,e>ly1 high-flavor$1 ) a ri* subacid1 sugge/+ ! wild b]ry 9 ta/e & aroma2 ( good size1 r\nd1 d>k crimson4 ,plant vigor\s2 a promis+ new v>iety4 ,/am9ate4 ,russell's ,advance4--,a f9e-flavor$1 e>ly v>iety1 b ! plant proves n suffici5tly vigor\s & productive to compete ) o!r e>ly b]ries already describ$4 ,/am9ate4 ,russell's ,prolific4--,a f9e1 l>ge b]ry1 des]v$ly popul> a few ye>s s9ce4 ,x has yield$ spl5did fruit on my gr\nds1 b x seems to h prov$ s unc]ta9 ov] ! c\ntry at l>ge z to h pass$ out ( g5]al favor4 ,x is r s(t = m>ket & n high-flavor$ en\gh = a fir/-class b]ry4 ,pi/illate4 ,romeyn's ,se$l+4--,i _c di/+ui% x f ! ,triomphe de ,g&4 ,/am9ate4 ,%>pless4--,a v /rong1 upright gr[]1 ) l>ge1 cr9kl$ foliage2 truss #e to #h in*es1 /rong bran*$2 #f to #aj l>ge b]ries (t5 on ea*2 b]ry c>pet-bag 9 %ape1 & (t5 v irregul> & flatt5$1 b gr[+ m uni=m z !y dim9i% 9 size2 light r$ & glossy1 #e to #g in*es2 fle% firm1 light p9k2 flavor f9e1 sweet1 p]fum$2 calyx recurv+2 season m$ium4 ,"o ( ! v be/ if x proves suffici5tly productive ov] ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,%>pless k9dly writes me3 ,i h be5 mu* int]e/$ 9 gr[+ /rawb]ries = ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 & aft] be+ disappo9t$ 9 _m ( ! new & highly prais$ v>ieties1 ! idea occurr$ to me t a se$l+ orig9at+ 9 our own soil & climate might prove m h>dy & long-liv$4 ,hav+ sav$ a f9e b]ry ( ea* ( ! foll[+ v>ieties--! ,wilson1 ,colonel ,*5ey1 ,jucunda1 & ,*>les ,d[n+--,i plant$ _! se$s 9 a box 9 ,m>*1 #ahgb4 ,! box 0 kept 9 ! h\se 7probably by a w>m s\? w9d[71 & 9 ,may ,i set f ?is box ab\t #ajj plants 9 ! g>d51 giv+ p>tial %ade & frequ5tly wat]+1 ,by fall1 ne>ly all 7 f9e plants4 ,i !n took !m up & set !m out 9 a r[ "o foot ap>t1 protect+ !m slightly dur+ ! w9t]1 & ! next season ne>ly all bore "s fruit1 ! ,%>pless f\r or five f9e b]ries4 ,x 0 ! mo/ int]e/+ employm5t ( my life to gr[ & wat* ^? se$l+s4 ,"s ( ! o!rs bore f9e1 l>ge b]ries1 b ,i ev5tually came to ! conclusion t ! ,%>pless 0 ! only "o wor?y ( cultivation4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! ,jucunda & ,colonel ,*5ey =m$ ! comb9ation produc+ ?is b]ry4 ,x is n[ 9 enorm\s dem&1 & if x gives satisfaction ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry g5]ally1 its popul>ity w cont9ue4 ,x is peculi>ly adapt$ to hill culture1 & ! plant is s vigor\s t x w\ld develop into q a bu% on ri*1 moi/ l&1 ) its runn]s clipp$4 ,/am9ate4 ,s5eca ,*ief4--,plant vigor\s & productive2 l>ge1 d[ny leaf2 truss l[2 b]ry bright sc>let1 glossy1 occasionally a little w$ge-%ap$2 r\nd to conical1 %\ld]$2 fle% firm1 p9k2 se$s yell[ & br[n2 flavor f9e1 ri* subacid2 season m$ium2 size #c to #e in*es2 calyx close2 a f9e b]ry1 orig9at$ by ,messrs4 ,hunt ,foote1 ,wat]loo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/am9ate4 ,s5eca ,que54--,plant vigor\s1 foliage d>k gre52 leaf-/alk mod]ately d[ny2 truss #c to #e in*es2 b]ry d>k crimson1 r\nd2 fle% r$2 flavor fair2 size #c to #e in*es2 calyx close2 season m$ium2 productive2 a promis+ v>iety4 ,/am9ate4 ,spr+dale4--,plant l[1 /ocky2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 leaf broad & smoo?2 truss #c to #d in*es2 b]ry bright sc>let1 r\nd1 broad] ?an long1 #c to #e in*es2 fle% light p9k1 juicy1 r s(t2 flavor v good2 calyx close2 season e>ly to m$ium4 ,orig9at$ by ,amos ,mill]1 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,pi/illate4 ,suck] ,/ate4--,plant seems vigor\s2 foliage d>k gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 b]ry light sc>let2 fle% p9k1 juicy1 firm4 ,a new & promis+ v>iety4 ,/am9ate4 ,/irl+4--,only mod]ately vigor\s2 foliage l[1 light gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #c to #e in*es1 well bran*$2 b]ry crimson1 ovate1 v uni=m1 some:at neck$2 mod]ate-siz$1 #b to #c in*es2 fle% p9k1 v firm2 flavor ( ! be/2 calyx close to spread+2 season m$ium to late4 ,! foliage burns s badly 9 mo/ localities t ?is v>iety w pass out ( cultivation4 ,pi/illate4 ,triomphe de ,g&4--,plant light gre52 leaf-/alk & blade unusually smoo?1 truss #d to #e in*es1 b]ry1 ! av]age ones1 r\nd to conical1 l>ge ones irregul> & coxcomb$2 light sc>let2 glossy2 fle% p9k1 juicy1 & solid2 flavor ( ! be/2 calyx close2 size #c #a_/b to #e in*es2 season long2 r feeble gr[]1 & comes sl[ly to maturity4 ,admirably adapt$ to ! n>r[ r[ sy/em1 & on heavy soils c be kept 9 be>+ five or six ye>s1 if ! runn]s are cut regul>ly4 ,if ,i 7 re/rict$ to "o /rawb]ry on a heavy1 loamy soil1 ! ,triomphe w\ld be my *oice1 s9ce1 on moi/ l& ) high culture1 x w cont9ue six weeks 9 be>+1 giv+ delici\s fruit4 ,:5 well gr[n1 x comm&s ! highe/ price 9 m>ket4 ,x is probably ! be/ =eign v>iety we h1 & is peculi>ly adapt$ to =c+4 ,x is said to be a ,belgian v>iety4 ,/am9ate4 ,! old-fa%ion$ belief t /rawb]ries ?riv$ be/ on light soils caus$ ?is sup]b b]ry to be disc>d$2 b x 0 introduc$ aga9 by ,mr4 ,knox1 :o prov$1 by a v pr(itable exp]i5ce1 t heavy l& is ! be/ = _m ( our f9e/ v>ieties4 ,triple ,cr[n4--,plant tall1 sl5d]2 foliage light gre52 leaf-/alk wiry1 smoo?2 truss #e to #f in*es2 b]ry d>k crimson1 conical2 :5 l>ge1 irregul>1 ) a glaz$ neck2 fle% crimson1 rem>kably firm2 flavor ri* & f9e2 size #c to #d in*es2 season m$ium2 v productive4 ,"o ( ! be/1 & ,i ?9k ! firme/ /rawb]ry 9 exi/5ce4 ,i may be mi/ak51 b ,i ?9k ?is b]ry w become exce$+ly popul> :5 x becomes bett] kn[n4 ,i am te/+ x on v>i\s soils4 ,= cann+ & %ipp+ qualities1 x has no equal1 & ?\gh s exce$+ly firm1 is /ill ri* & juicy :5 fully ripe4 ,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,hunt1 ( ,wat]loo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/am9ate4 ,w>r54--,describ$ z v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 conical2 v regul> 9 %ape & size2 color d>k r$1 rip5+ ev5ly2 fle% firm & ( good quality4 ,plant a luxuriant gr[] & a good be>]4 ,new & unte/$4 ,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,webb1 ,b[l+ ,gre51 ,ky4 ,wild+4--,plant tall1 vigor\s2 foliage d>k gre52 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss #f to #h in*es2 well bran*$2 #aj to #ab b]ries2 ripe fruit & blossoms on ! same /alk2 b]ry crimson1 high-%\ld]$1 r\nd to conical2 size #c to #e in*es2 fle% mod]ately firm1 p9k2 flavor good4 ,new & v promis+4 ,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,n4 ,jones1 ,le ,roy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/am9ate4 ,wiel&y4--,plant vigor\s1 ) d>k gre51 v glossy foliage2 leaf-/alk d[ny2 truss l[2 b]ry bright sc>let1 r\nd to conical2 fle% p9k1 s(t2 flavor f9e2 size #b to #c in*es2 season m$ium4 ,new & unte/$1 b ( good promise = ! home g>d54 ,/am9ate4 ,w9dsor ,*ief4--,said to h be5 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,g>dn]1 ( ,eaton ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan1 & to be a cross betwe5 ! ,*ampion & ,*>les ,d[n+4 ,! plants t ,i obta9$ f ,mr4 ,g>dn] resemble ! ,*ampion s closely1 bo? 9 foliage & fruit1 t ,i _c yet di/+ui% betwe5 ! "m & daught]4 ,?is ye> ,i %all fruit bo? 9 p]fection1 & fe> t ,i %all h to record a di/9ction )\t a diff]5ce4 ,i hope ,i may be mi/ak54 ,all t is claim$ = ! ,w9dsor ,*ief is true if x is z good z ! ,*ampion1 a v>iety t ,i h ev] f\nd "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable on my place4 ,pi/illate4 ,,alp9e ,,/rawb]kies ,alp9es1 ,:ite & ,r$4--,^! are ! ,frag>ia ,vesca1 ! /rawb]ries ( ! anci5ts1 & well wor?y ( a place 9 our g>d5s to-day4 ,z ,i h already /at$1 !y are "o ( ! mo/ widely spread fruits 9 ! _w2 = :ile !y take _! "n f ! ,alps1 !re are few m\nta9s1 :]e ! temp]ature is suffici5tly cool1 on :i* !y are n f\nd1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or abroad4 ,9 ! high latitudes !y desc5d into ! fields1 & gr[ wild ev]y:]e4 ,! b]ries are conical1 m$ium to small 9 size1 & ! fruit-/alks rise above ! leaves4 ,9 flavor !y are good1 v delicate1 b n ri*4 ,! plants are v h>dy1 & mod]ately productive4 ,gr[n f ! se$ !y reproduce !mselves ) almo/ unv>y+ simil>ity1 b ! "y se$l+s produce l>g] b]ries ?an ! old] plants4 ,! foliage ( ! ,:ite v>iety is ( a light] gre5 ?an t ( ! ,r$1 b 9 o!r respects !re are no mat]ial diff]5ces1 except 9 ! color4 ,:ite & ,r$ ,mon?ly ,alp9es4--,v>ieties simil> to ! above1 ) ! exception t !y be> cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! summ] & fall1 if moi/ure is ma9ta9$ & high culture giv54 ,if mu* fruit is desir$1 all runn]s %\ld be cut1 & ! gr\nd made ri*4 ,we are (t5 misl$ by synonymes ( ^! old v>ieties1 z1 = in/ance1 ,des ,quatre ,saisons1 ,mexican ,ev]be>+1 ,gall&e1 etc4 ,!y are all said to be id5tical ) ! common mon?ly ,alp9es4 ,:ite & ,r$ ,bu% ,alp9es4--,a di/9ct class t produces no runn]s1 b are propagat$ by divid+ ! roots4 ,9 o!r respects ! plant & fruit are simil> to ! common ,alp9es4 ,no matt] h[ small ! division1 if a little root is atta*$1 x w gr[ readily4 ,!y make pretty & useful edg+s = g>d5 walks1 & ) good culture be> consid]able fruit1 especially 9 ! cool1 moi/ mon?s ( autumn4 ,because1 ?r[+ out no runn]s1 !y give v little tr\ble1 & ,i h ev] f\nd !m ! mo/ satisfactory ( ! mon?ly /rawb]ries4 ,i see no reason :y a good dem& = !m1 z a fancy fruit1 c\ld n be creat$4 ,be ?is z x may1 !re are _m :o are suffici5tly civiliz$ to consid] ! home m>ket fir/2 & a da9ty di% ( /rawb]ries on an ,octob] ev5+1 & a wood-fire blaz+ on ! he>?1 =m a comb9ation t might reconcile misan?ropy to ! ills ( life4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ /ates t ! ,bu% ,alp9es 7 fir/ br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ! late ,&rew ,p>m5ti]1 ( ,brooklyn4 ,wood ,/rawb]ries1 ,:ite & ,r$4--,^! are ! ,engli% phases ( ! ,alp9e1 or ,f4 ,vesca species4 ,_! fruit is n s conical z ! ,alp9e ( ! ,cont95t1 or our own l&1 b is r\ndi% ovate4 ,!y are said to be r m productive1 b ,i d\bt :e!r !y diff] mat]ially f ! o!r ,alp9es1 except 9 =m4 ,!y are ! /rawb]ries t our ,briti% =efa!rs ate1 & are ! same t ! ,bi%op ( ,ely br\ght to ! bloody ,protector f 8 g>dayne 9 ,holb]ne4 ,montreuil4--,said to be an improv$ v>iety ( ! ,alp9es4 ,gre5 ,alp9e 7,gre5 ,p9e or ,wood1 ,fraisi] ,v]t74--,?is v>iety 01 by "s1 suppos$ to be a di/9ct species1 b ! appe>ance ( ! plant & fruit %[s x to be a true ,alp9e4 ,b]ry small1 r\ndi%1 depress$1 gre5i% br[n2 fle% gre51 ) a some:at musky flavor4 7,full]47 ,mr4 ,d[n+ says ! b]ry is t+$ ) r$di% br[n on ! sunny side at maturity1 & t x has a peculi>1 ri*1 p9e-apple flavor4 ,"u ! head ( ,alp9es1 "o f9ds 9 ! catalogues a bewild]+ array ( names1 especially 9 ^? pr9t$ abroad2 b ,i am q well satisfi$ t if all ^! nam$ v>ieties 7 plac$ 9 a trial b$1 & treat$ precisely alike1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 9 mo/ in/ances1 w\ld be f\nd slight inde$1 too slight to w>rant a "n & sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,,hautbois ,,/rawb]ries--,,frag>ia ,,elatior ,z f> z ,i c le>n1 ?is class 0 m rais$ 9 =m] ye>s ?an at pres5t1 bo? "h & abroad4 ,at any rate1 ! musky flavor ( ! ,hoboys 7z ! t]m 0 (t5 spell$ 9 rural regions7 has n won favor1 & ,i r>ely meet ) !m 9 cultivation4 ,!y are well wor? a little space 9 ! g>d51 h[ev]1 & are well suit$ to "s ta/es4 ,belle de ,bordelaise is said to be ! be/ v>iety4 ,! b]ry is describ$ by ,mr4 ,full]1 z r\ndi% oval1 d>k1 br[ni% purple2 fle% :ite1 juicy1 sweet1 ) a /rong1 musky flavor4 ,common ,hautbois4--,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r$di% gre51 musky4 ,! fruit-/alks rise above ! leaves--h5ce ! t]m ,hautbois1 or high wood4 ,n wor?y ( cultivation4 ,prolific ,hautbois--7,d\ble be>+1 & hav+ _m o!r synonymes74--,mr4 ,d[n+ speaks highly ( ?is v>iety1 say+ t x is di/+ui%$ by its /rong habit1 & v l>ge & usually p]fect fl[]s borne high above ! leaves4 ,! fruit is v l>ge & f9e2 d>k color$1 ) a peculi>ly ri*1 slightly musky flavor4 ,productive4 ,royal ,hautbois4--,said to be "o ( ! l>ge/1 mo/ vigor\s1 & productive ( ?is class4 ,mr4 ,m]rick writes t ! ,hautbois /rawb]ries f9d few admir]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bo/on1 & seem equally neglect$ abroad4 ,i am ga!r+ ^! & ! ,alp9es into trial-b$s1 & ?us hope to le>n m accurately _! diff]5ces1 *>act]i/ics & comp>ative values4 ,*ili /rawb]ries are n[ r>ely met ) 9 cultivation4 ,mr4 ,m]rick writes ( !m3 ,al?\gh "s ( !m are extoll$ = amateur culture1 !y are ( little value4 ,!y are l>ge1 co>se1 v apt to be holl[1 ) s(t1 poor-flavor$ fle%4 ,!y h be5 s ?or\ghly int]m+l$ ) o!r species t x is difficult to say ( c]ta9 nam$ k9ds t !y are or are n p>tly ,*ilis4 ,true ,*ili1 ,wilmot's ,sup]b1 & ! ,yell[ ,*ili are nam$ z ! be/ ( ! class4 ,!re are v _m o!r nam$ /rawb]ries t ,i might describe1 & a few ( !m may become popul>4 ,"s t ,i h nam$ are sc>cely wor? ! space1 & w soon be =gott54 ,9 my next revision1 ,i expect to drop n a few ( !m4 ,x %\ld be our con/ant aim to %ort5 our catalogues ( fruits r ?an l5g!n !m1 to ! bewild]m5t & loss ( all save ! plant gr[]4 ,! ,du*ess1 = in/ance1 is a fir/-class e>ly b]ry4 ,all o!rs hav+ ! same g5]al *>act]i/ics & adapt$ to ! same soils1 b :i* are inf]ior to x1 %\ld be disc>d$4 ,:at is ! use ( rais+ second1 ?ird1 & f\r? rate b]ries ( ! same class8 ,:]e di/9ctions are s slight z to puzzle an exp]t1 !y %\ld be ignor$1 & ! be/ v>iety ( ! class pres]v$4 ,i ref] ^? read]s :o w\ld l to see a li/ ( almo/ e /rawb]ry nam$ 9 mod]n times1 native & =eign1 to ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,m]rick's "w1 ,! ,/rawb]ry & its ,culture4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,o!r ,,small ,,fruits ,i h already writt5 s fully ( ! lead+ & pr(itable v>ieties ( raspb]ries1 blackb]ries1 currants1 & gooseb]ries1 t little m rema9s to be said2 s9ce1 = reasons previ\sly giv51 ,i d n c>e to g into long descriptions ( obsolete v>ieties1 nor ( ^? s new & unte/$ z to be unkn[n quantities 9 value4 ,i am putt+ ev]y?+ ?\ght wor?y ( te/ 9 trial-b$s1 & hope ev5tually to write accurately conc]n+ !m4 ,,raspb]ries ,rubus ,idceus & ,rubus ,/rigosus ,arnold's ,orange4--,canes /rong1 bran*+1 yell[i% br[n1 almo/ smoo?1 & produc+ b few suck]s4 ,fruit l>ge1 some:at %ort] ?an ,br9kle's ,orange1 & ( a d>k] orange color2 ri* 9 flavor1 ,orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,*>les ,arnold1 ,p>is1 ,ont>io1 ,c4 ,w4 ,antw]p 7,engli%74--,see page #bjb4 ,antw]p 7,hudson ,biv]74--,see pages #bjb-bje4 ,antw]p 7,yell[--,:ite ,antw]p74--,a t5d] v>iety t ne$s w9t] protection1 good culture1 & vigor\s prun+2 o!rwise1 ! b]ries are imp]fect & crumble badly 9 pick+4 ,! fruit is exce$+ly delicate & s(t1 & mu/ be pick$ z soon z ripe or x _c be h&l$4 ,x is mu* surpass$ by ,br9kle's ,orange4 ,! canes are vigor\s & ! v>iety is easily gr[n4 ,br9kle's ,orange4--,= description1 see page #bah4 ,belle de ,font5ay4--,see page #bjg4 ,br&yw9e4--,see page #bjh4 ,belle de ,palnau4--,a ,fr5* v>iety1 t ?rives 9 "s localities4 ,canes are /rong1 vigor\s1 upright1 cov]$ ) %ort1 purpli% sp9es1 :i* are m num]\s ne> ! gr\nd2 b]ry l>ge1 obtuse conical1 bright crimson2 firm = s juicy & f9e-flavor$ a b]ry2 gra9s l>ge4 ,! b]ries 7 (t5 imp]fect on my place4 ,catawissa4--,see page #baf4 ,?is v>iety is well spok5 ( by "s good au?orities4 ,! fact t x be>s 9 autumn %\ld give x "s consid]ation4 ,cl>ke4--,see page #bbj4 ,c>ol9e4--,see page #bba4 ,cu?b]t4--,see pages #bba-bbe4 ,franconia4--,see page #bjf4 ,fa/ollf4--,an ,engli% v>iety ( high reputation4 ,x d]iv$ its "n f hav+ orig9at$ ne> ! ru9s ( an old ca/le1 s call$1 9 ,great ,y>m\?4 ,canes /rong1 r erect1 bran*+2 light yell[i% br[n1 ) few /rong bri/les2 fruit v l>ge1 obtuse or r\ndi% conical1 bright1 purpli% r$1 ri* & highly flavor$1 slightly adh]+ to ! g]m 9 pick+4 7,d[n+47 ,fr5*4--7,vice-,presid5t ,fr5*74--,orig9at$ ) ,dr4 ,br9kle4 ,canes /rong1 upright1 sp9es %ort & /\t2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 ri*1 bright crimson1 l>ge gra9s1 sweet & v good4 7,b>ry47 ,x is =eign 9 its p>5tage1 & unc]ta9 9 _m localities4 ,h]/9e4--,see pages #bai1 #bbj4 ,hornet4--,rais$ by ,s\*et1 ne> ,p>is4 ,v productive4 ,canes v /rong1 vigor\s1 upright sp9es1 purpli%1 r /\t1 & num]\s at ! base2 fruit v l>ge1 conical1 (t5 irregul>1 gra9s l>ge1 q hairy1 compact1 crimson2 fle% r firm1 juicy1 sweet & good1 sep>ates freely4 7,d[n+47 ,?is v>iety appe>s to v>y greatly ) locality4 ,kirtl&4--7,c9c9nati ,r$47--,"o ( ! native v>ieties once gr[n l>gely1 b n[ sup]s$$4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 obtuse conical1 s(t1 & n v high-flavor$4 ,knevett's ,giant4--,b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 light crimson1 adh]es too firmly to ! core1 & (t5 crumbles 9 pick+1 b is juicy & good4 ,! canes are v /rong & productive2 sp9es purpli%1 %ort1 scatt]+4 ,an ,engli% v>iety4 ,m]veille de ,quatre ,saisons4--,a ,fr5* v>iety4 ,?is & ! ,belle de ,font5ay are almo/ z h>dy z any ( our native k9ds1 & ?us !y =m exceptions to ! =eign sorts1 :i* are usually t5d]4 ,good results might be secur$ by cross+ !m ) our be/ native k9ds4 ,! canes ( ?is v>iety mu/ be cut to ! gr\nd 9 spr+ if mu* autumn fruit is desir$4 ,x is n equal to ! ,belle de ,font5ay1 to :i* class x belongs4 ,naomi4--,id5tical ) ,franconia4 ,nor?umb]l& ,fillbasket4--,an old-fa%ion$ ,engli% v>iety1 sometimes f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( an amateur4 ,pride ( ! ,hudson4--,see pages #aij1 #bai4 ,pe>l1 ,bri/ol1 ,?wack4--,native v>ieties t resemble ! ,br&yw9e1 b are n equal to x 9 mo/ localities4 ,!y are pass+ out ( cultivation4 ,reliance4--,a se$l+ ( ! ,philadelphia1 b judg+ f "o ye>'s te/1 mu* sup]ior to x1 & wor?y ( cultivation 9 ^? regions :]e ! f9] v>ieties _c ?rive4 ,x is h>dy1 & w d well on light soils4 ,saund]s4--,see page #bbj4 ,rubus ,occid5talis ,= descriptions ( ,davison's ,?ornless1 ,doolittle1 or ,am]ican ,improv$1 ,mammo? ,clu/]1 & ,gregg1 see ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,am]ican ,black4--,common black-cap raspb]ry1 f\nd wild ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,too well kn[n to ne$ description4 ,am]ican ,:ite-,cap 7,yell[-,cap1 ,gold5-,cap74--,also scatt]$ widely ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 b n common4 ,^? :o discov] x (t5 imag9e t !y h f\nd some?+ new & r>e4 ,b]ries slightly oval1 gra9s l>g] ?an ^? ( ! black-cap1 yell[1 ) a :ite bloom4 ,! canes are light yell[1 /rong1 /ocky1 ) b few sp9es4 ,propagat$ f ! tips4 ,x might become ! p>5t ( v f9e v>ieties4 7,full]47 ,miami ,black-,cap4--,a vigor\s1 productive v>iety1 f\nd gr[+ ne> ! ,miami ,riv]1 9 ,ohio4 ,! fruit approa*es a br[ni% r$ 9 color1 & is n equal to ! ,mammo? ,clu/] 9 value4 ,philadelphia4--,see page #bbj4 ,s5eca ,black-,cap4--,rais$ by ,mr4 ,dell1 ( ,s5eca ,c\nty1 ,n4,y4 ,! fruit is betwe5 ! ,doolittle & ,mammo? ,clu/] 9 size1 & is lat] ?an ! =m]2 n s black1 hav+ a %ade ( purple1 & is juicy1 sweet1 & good4 ,lum's ,ev]be>+1 & ,ohio ,ev]be>+ ,black ,raspb]ries4--,v>ieties t resemble ea* o!r4 ,if a good autumn crop is desir$1 cut away ! canes 9 ! spr+1 s z to secure a /rong e>ly gr[? ( new wood1 on :i* ! fruit is to be borne4 ,gold5 ,?ornless4--,a l>ge v>iety ( ! ,am]ican ,:ite-,cap1 introduc$ by ,purdy ,johnson1 ,palmyra1 ,n4,y4 ,flor5ce4--,a v>iety resembl+ ! above4 ,gan>gua & ,new ,ro*elle4--,see pages #bbj1 #bba4 ,,blackb]ries ,9 ,*apt] xxiv4 ,i h describ$ ^? v>ieties t h prov$ wor?y ( g5]al cultivation4 ,! ,dor*e/] w9t]-kill$ s badly on my place1 & ! fruit 0 s inf]ior to t ( ! ,kittat9ny 9 size1 t ,i disc>d$ x4 ,x is good 9 flavor4 ,! ,miss\ri ,mammo? is t5d] & (t5 n productive4 ,!re are new v>ieties t promise well1 z ,taylor's ,prolific1 ,anci5t ,briton1 ,knox1 ,w>r51 ,wa*usett ,?ornless1 ,cro' ,ne/ & sev]al o!rs4 ,i am te/+ !m1 & d n c>e to express any op9ion z yet1 or write descriptions t w\ld probably ne$ consid]able revision )9 six mon?s4 ,,currants ,,& ,,gooseb]ries ,9 *apt]s xxvi4 & xxvii4 may be f\nd a description ( ^? di/9ct v>ieties t are ( *ief value 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i f9d no good reason :y ,i %\ld fill pages ) descriptions ( v>ieties t are r>ely cultivat$1 & :i* might well give place to bett] k9ds4 ,ev5tually1 ,i %all give ! results ga!r$ f my trial-b$s1 9 :i* ,i am plac+ all ! new & old v>ieties said to be wor?y ( cultivation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,clos+ ,,words ,our ramble among ! small fruits is ov]4 ,to su* read]s z h n gr[n we>y & left my company long s9ce1 ,i w say b few words 9 p>t+4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages ,i h tri$ to take f our practical & (t5 labori\s call+ its dull1 commonplace1 & prosaic aspects4 ,x %\ld be our con/ant aim to lift life above m]e plodd+ drudg]y4 ,x is our great good =tune to co-"w ) ,nature1 & usually among h] lovelie/ sc5es4 ,is x n well to look up to ! hills occasionally1 f :5ce may come help t[>d a tru]1 l>g] manhood1 & !n1 in/ead ( go+ home to ! heavy1 indige/ible supp] too (t5 spread = ^? :o are we>y & fev]i% f ! long1 hot day1 w\ld x n be bett] to ga!r "s sprays ( ! fruit ^: mild subacid is j :at ! mat]ial man requires 9 mid-summ] sultr9ess8 ,! horticulturi/ may ?rive if he w1 9 body & s\l2 = ,nature1 at ea* season1 furni%es j su* supplies z are be/ adapt$ to 8 ne$4 ,%e w develop e good quality he possesses1 especially 8 pati5ce4 ,z we h pass$ f "o fruit to ano!r1 ,i h express$ my own views frankly2 at ! same "t1 ,i ?9k ! read] w rememb] t ,i h tak5 no little pa9s to give ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,dogmatism 9 pomology is z objectionable z 9 !ology4 ,i %all be glad to h my errors po9t$ out1 & w ha/5 to correct !m4 ,z a "p ( ?is book appe>$ z a s]ial 9 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 ,i 0 enc\rag$ by words ( approval f _m ( ! be/ horticultural au?orities4 ,i %all n d5y t ,i 0 v glad to receive su* favorable op9ions1 = ,i _h mu* & j d\bt ( my ability to satisfy ^? :o h made ^! subjects a lifelong /udy1 & to :om1 9 fact1 ,i am l>gely indebt$ = ! little ,i d "k4 ,/ill m am ,i pleas$ by assurances t ,i h turn$ ! ?\ghts ( _m t[>d ! g>d5--a place t is naturally1 &1 ,i ?9k1 correctly1 associat$ ) man's primal & happie/ condition4 ,we mu/ recognize1 h[ev]1 ! sad *ange 9 ! g>d5+ z well z g>d5]s ( our deg5]ate _w4 ,9 worm & insect1 blight & mildew1 9 heat1 fro/1 dr\ght & /orm1 9 we$s s innum]able t we are tempt$ to believe t ,nature has a lean+ t[>d total depravity1 we h mu* to cont5d )2 & 9 ! ignorant1 c>eless1 & (t5 di%one/ labor]1 :o sla%es away at r&om1 we f9d our *ief ob/acle to success4 ,9 spite ( all ^! drawbacks1 ! "w ( ! g>d5 is ! play & pleasure t nev] palls1 & :i* ! olde/ & wise/ nev] outgr[4 ,i h delay$ my dep>ture too long1 &1 s9ce ,i _c place a basket ( ,presid5t ,wild] ,/rawb]ries on ! tables ( my read]s1 ,i w leave ) !m ! be/ possible sub/itute1 ! exquisite poem ( ,h4 ,h43 ,,my ,,/rawb]ry ,o m>vel1 fruit ( fruits1 ,i pause ,to reckon !e4 ,i ask :at cause ,set free s mu* ( r$ f heats ,at core ( e>?1 & mix$ su* sweets ,) s\r & spice2 :at 0 t /r5g? ,:i*1 out ( d>kness1 l5g? by l5g?1 ,spun all ?y %9+ ?reads ( v9e1 ,nett+ ! fields 9 bond z ?9e2 ,i see ?y t5drils dr9k by sips ,f grass & clov]'s smil+ lips2 ,i he> ?y roots dig d[n = wells1 ,tapp+ ! mead['s hidd5 cells2 ,:ole g5]ations ( gre5 ?+s1 ,desc5d$ f long l9es ( spr+s1 ,i see make room = !e to bide1 ,a q comrade by _! side2 ,i see ! creep+ peoples g ,my/]i\s j\rneys to & fro2 ,tread+ to "r & left ( !e1 ,do+ !e homage wond]+ly4 ,i see ! wild bees z !y f>e ,?y cups ( honey dr9k1 b sp>e2 ,i m>k !e ba!1 & ba! aga91 ,9 sweet1 uncal5d>$ spr+ ra94 ,i wat* h[ all ,may has ( sun ,makes ha/e to h ?y rip5ess done1 ,:ile all h] nights let dews escape ,to set & cool ?y p]fect %ape4 ,ah1 fruit ( fruits1 no m ,i pause ,to dream & seek ?y hidd5 laws6 ,i /ret* my h&1 & d>e to ta/e ,9 in/ant ( delici\s wa/e ,on s+le fea/1 all ?+s t w5t ,to make ! empire ?\ ha/ sp5t4 ,,app5dix ,,new ,,v>ieties ,,new ,,/rawb]ries ,! ,jewell4--,i quote ! foll[+ description by ! orig9ators3 ,?is new v>iety 0 rais$ f se$ by ,p4,m4 ,augur ,sons1 9 #ahhj1 & is "o ( a lot ( se$l+s produc$ f "o qu>t ( ,j]sey ,que5 & "o qu>t ( ,pr9ce ( ,b]ries 7! se$ be+ s[n toge!r & tak5 f exhibition b]ries74 ,! ,jewell is ! f9e/ gr[+ v>iety we h ev] se51 produc+ an abundance ( v l>ge1 high-color$ fruit1 ( f9e quality4 ,season m$ium1 color bright r$1 *ang+ to crimson :5 v ripe2 fl[] pi/illate2 enorm\sly productive2 b]ry v solid & firm1 promis+ to become ! great m>ket /rawb]ry4 ,! plant is robu/ & vigor\s1 & has nev] %[n any signs ( ru/ or blight4 ,x has receiv$ ! foll[+ high praise f ,hon4 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]3 ,! l>ge size1 good =m1 bright color & rem>kable solidity & productiv5ess w make x a p]man5t v>iety = ye>s to come4 ,p>ry4--,all ?+s consid]$1 ?is surpasses any novelty t has appe>$ = _m ye>s4 ,fruit extra l>ge1 firm1 h&some1 & good2 plant vigor\s & productive1 ,we c recomm5d x bo? = m>ket & ! home g>d54 ,e>ly to m$ium4--,j4,t4 ,lovett4 ,?is is high praise ( a fruit produc$ by a rival fruit-gr[]1 & does cr$it to ! fairness ( ! writ]4 ,! ,p>ry /rawb]ry 0 produc$ f se$ ( ! ,j]sey ,que51 plant$ 9 ! summ] ( #ahhj by ,mr4 ,william ,p>ry1 ! vet]an fruit-gr[] ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,he ?us describes x4 ,plant a rank1 vigor\s gr[]1 clean foliage1 & v productive4 ,b]ries l>ge1 obtuse conical1 bright glossy sc>let1 firm1 & ( ! be/ quality1 rip5+ all ov] at once4 ,blossoms p]fect4 ,dr4 ,f4,m4 ,hexam]1 editor ,am]ican ,g>d51 also speaks highly ( x1 z foll[s ,! ,p>ry has prov$ q satisfactory on my gr\nds4 ,! plants are v vigor\s1 heal?y1 h w9t]$ well1 & h yield$ an abundant crop ( l>ge1 h&some b]ries4 ,x is also /rongly prais$ by _m o!r au?orities1 & has receiv$ _m premiums4 ,j]sey ,que54--,! plant is /rong1 /ocky1 & vigor\s1 b only mod]ately productive2 ! fruit l>ge & beautiful4 ,x mu/ h high culture1 & n be all[$ to run1 or x is n satisfactory4 ,pi/illate4 ,h5d]son4--,said to be mod]ately vigor\s1 produc+ h&some fruit ( exquisite flavor4 ,e>ly & p]fect 9 fl[]4 ,n yet g5]ally te/$1 b probably "o ( ! be/ = amateurs4 ,daniel ,boone4--,produces good crops2 fruit ( l>ge size1 attractive 9 appe>ance1 m$ium quality1 r s(t1 & late 9 rip5+2 plant h>dy & vigor\s4--,*>les ,a4 ,gre54 ,fur!r s\? & on light soils ! foliage is said to blight4 ,pi/illate4 ,doll>4--,= beauty1 firmness1 & high quality has b few equals1 b ! foliage blights s badly at ,monm\? z to greatly impair its value4 ,h[ev]1 x blossoms & fruits q pr(usely 9 ! autumn1 giv+ u /rawb]ries :5 o!r pat*es are b>e ( fruit4 ,p]fect 9 fl[]4--,j4 ,t4 ,lovett4 ,if ! t5d5cy to autumn be>+ is s great z to enable u to secure a fair crop ( b]ries 9 late summ] & fall ?is v>iety is a valuable acquisition4 ,i %all c]ta9ly give x a fair trial4 ,fur!r nor? & on heavi] soils ! foliage may be entirely heal?y4 ,cornelia4--,highly prais$ by "s1 & decl>$ to be unproductive by o!rs4 ,x und\bt$ly requires high culture & runn]s clipp$4 ,) su* treatm5t x promises to be "o ( ! be/ late b]ries4 ,pi/illate4 ,cry/al ,city4-,said to h be5 f\nd gr[+ wild 9 ,miss\ri4 ,i h fruit$ x = ye>s1 & h ev] f\nd x ! e>lie/ & "o ( ! mo/ delici\s ( b]ries4 ,x is n valuable = m>ket1 b = home use1 if ! runn]s are clipp$1 x yields a fair crop ( b]ries1 ) ! g5u9e wild flavor4 ,may ,k+4--,describ$ z almo/ id5tical ) ! old ,cresc5t1 ) ! advantage t ! fl[] is p]fect4 ,g>retson4--,mu* is claim$ = ?is v>iety4 ,z its *ief virtue x is decl>$ to ma9ta9 a uni=m size & regul> =m ?r\gh\t a long pick+ season4 ,x has be5 aw>d$ sev]al flatt]+ premiums4 ,pi/illate4 ,old ,ironclad4--,"o ( ! be/ e>ly b]ries1 produc$ on an exce$+ly vigor\s plant t is said to be m productive on ! second & ?ird ye>s ( be>+ ?an on ! fir/4 ,! fruit1 n ! plant1 closely resembles ! ,wilson4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,v9el&4-,said to be an improvem5t on ! ,k5tucky1 :i* x resembles4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,indiana4--,also said to be an improvem5t on ! ,*>les ,d[n+4 ,if x is we all want x1 b we h tri$ improvem5ts on ! f9e old /&>ds be=e4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,h>t's ,m9nesota4--,i "k ( no v>iety t responds m readily to good culture ?an ?is4 ,"u neglect ! b]ries are small1 b ( a bright sc>let color1 q firm & v good4 ,) high culture x is v l>ge1 attractive1 & holds its size rem>kably well4 ,p]fect fl[]4--,m4 ,craw=d4 ,jumbo4--,ano!r "n = ! old ,cumb]l& ,triumph4 ,pr9ce ( ,b]ries4--,orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w1 ,dur&1 &1 l ne>ly all ! v>ieties s5t out by him1 requir+ v high culture4 ,! fruit is l>ge1 meaty1 & firm 9 fle%1 ( excell5t flavor1 & possess+ a f9e aroma4 ,x is a b]ry = ! amateur to pet & enjoy ^u 8 table1 b n adapt$ to ord9>y culture4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,man*e/]4--,pi/illate4 ,! ,man*e/] has be5 a favorite ) u1 b1 l mo/ v>ieties1 has its defects4 ,x is defici5t 9 flavor1 is too light 9 color1 is subject to leaf blight1 & is exce$+ly s(t4 ,x is necess>y to pick e day 9 ord] to get x into m>ket 9 good condition4 ,we 7 pu%$ h>d ! pa/ season1 & did n pick ! ,man*e/] e day4 ,! b]ries left ! f>m 9 app>5tly good condition1 b our m5 report$ t !y melt$ on hot days l s mu* butt]4 ,!y 7 (t5 oblig$ to ?r[ !m away1 f ! fact t !y 7 too s(t to be sold4 ,?is s(tness1 h[ev]1 might h be5 obviat$ 9 a measure by pick+ m frequ5tly4 ,x is v productive1 & ! b]ries are ( l>ge size4--,*>les ,a4 ,gre54 ,! words quot$ above embody my own exp]i5ce ) ?is v>iety4 ,james ,vick4--,%\ld h be5 a bett] b]ry to be> s honor$ a "n4 ,aft] a ?or\gh te/ ,i h disc>d$ x4 ,nev]!less1 9 "s localities x has prov$ a valuable m>ket b]ry4 ,p]fect fl[]4 ,_m o!rs might be nam$1 b1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 !y h b %ort c>e]s be=e !m4 ,if by well-do+ !y w9 _! way to ! front we %all all be glad to recognize _! m]its4 ,! ,jessie1 & ,crawf>d's ,no4 #f promise to claim consid]able att5tion 9 ! future4 ,,new ,,raspb]ries ,gold5 ,que54--,?is new v>iety has a curi\s hi/ory4 ,app>5tly x is simply an alb9o ( ! ,cu?b]t1 = to all int5ts & purposes x is ?is favorite b]ry ) ! exception ( its color4 ,mr4 ,ezra ,/okes1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 f\nd ! p>5t bu% gr[+ 9 a twelve-acre field ( ,cu?b]ts1 b is unable to say :e!r x is a sport or a se$l+4 ,at all ev5ts1 x 0 tak5 up & propagat$1 & ! result app>5tly is a fix$ & valuable v>iety = home use4 ,i d\bt :e!r a :ite raspb]ry w ev] f9d mu* favor 9 m>ket--n1 at lea/1 until ! p are suffici5tly civiliz$ to buy :ite grape currants4 ,9 color x is said to be a beautiful yell[2 9 flavor1 h>d9ess1 & vigor x is decl>$ to be sup]ior to its p>5t1 :i* x nev]!less closely resembles4 ,rancocas4--,ano!r raspb]ry ( ,new ,j]sey orig94 ,x 0 f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,its discov]] claims t x has a /urdy upright gr[?1 ) a t5d5cy to make bran*es l a m9iature tree4 ,^! bran*es load !mselves ) r$ b]ries1 :i* rip5 e>ly & ne>ly all toge!r4 ,h>d9ess & o!r good qualities are claim$ = x by ! discov]]1 :o is ! orig9ator ( ! ,hansel4 ,if x is no bett] ?an ?is v>iety x is n de/9$ to long-cont9u$ popul>ity 9 regions :]e bett] fruit c be gr[n4 ,hansel4--,r$4 ,a v>iety ( ! wild or native type :i* 9 my gr\nds s closely resembl$ ! ,highl& ,h>dy t1 ap>t f its quality ( e>l9ess1 ,i d n reg>d x ( value4 ,x is n by any means id5tical ) ! ,highl& ,h>dy2 b1 hav+ pick$ b]ries ( bo? v>ieties at ! same "t1 ,i c\ld n tell !m ap>t1 ei!r 9 appe>ance or flavor4 ,su* b]ries are bett] ?an none at all1 & may be gr[n by ^? :o c raise no bett]4 ,x is also claim$ t e>l9ess 9 rip5+1 & h>d9ess ( plants made ! v>iety pr(itable2 & ?is1 no d\bt1 is true 9 "s localities4 ,m>lboro4--,a l>ge1 %[y1 good-flavor$1 r$ raspb]ry t 0 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ( ,m>lboro1 ,n4 ,y4 ,x has done well on my gr\nds1 & promises f9ely z a m>ket b]ry1 z its e>l9ess1 bright color1 firmness1 & t5d5cy to rip5 its fruit rapidly & all toge!r give ! gr[] a *ance to ga!r & sell 8 crop )9 a %ort p]iod4 ,i d n advise any "o to gr[ only ?is v>iety1 ei!r = m>ket or home use1 = ! reason t x gives too %ort a season4 ,employ$ to secure a succession ( fruit1 x is an excell5t v>iety4 ,i d\bt :e!r ! canes w prove h>dy ?r\gh\t any wide ext5t ( c\ntry1 = x evid5tly conta9s =eign blood4 ,i ?9k x well wor? protection1 h[ev]1 if1 9 "s regions1 exp]i5ce proves x to be n entirely h>dy4 ,,black-,,caps ,( ! new] black-cap v>ieties ! ,s\hegan is ! be/ t ,i h se5 or h he>d spok5 (4 ,i ?9k x may be reg>d$ z ! be/ e>ly type ( ?is class ( b]ries4 ,! fruit is ( good size & flavor1 mod]ately firm1 & wond]fully abundant4 ,= vigor1 h>d9ess1 & fre$om f disease ,i d n "k t x is surpass$ by any o!r k9d4 ,! ,tyl] 9 my gr\nds resembl$ ! ,s\hegan s closely t ,i d n ?9k t a di/9ction betwe5 !m is wor? ma9ta9+4 ,! ,c5t5nial promis$ wond]fully well at fir/ on my place1 b aft] two or ?ree ye>s develop$ a feebl5ess & t5d5cy to disease :i* l$ me to disc>d x4 ,! ,ohio is said to be ! mo/ valuable ( all = dry+ purposes1 = ! reason t x is v firm1 & reta9s its flavor & =m bett] ?an any ( ! o!rs4 ,x has be5 /at$ t b two & a half to ?ree qu>ts ( fre% b]ries w make a p\nd ( dri$ fruit4 ,i ?9k x w\ld be well = ^? :o are f> f m>ket to exp]im5t ) ?is v>iety4 ,if x is equal to ! claims made = x1 x c be made v pr(itable4 ,! ,nemaha orig9at$ ) ,ex-,gov]nor ,furnas1 ( ,nebraska4 ,*>les ,a4 ,gre5 says ( ?is v>iety3 ,! season = rip5+ ) ! ,nemaha is a trifle lat] ?an ! ,gregg4 ,! b]ries are equally l>ge1 ( bett] quality1 equally productive & vigor\s1 & by f> m h>dy4 ,?is po9t ( h>d9ess ( ! ,nemaha1 x is hop$1 w make x ! lead+ late v>iety1 giv+ x pref]5ce ov] ! ,gregg4 ,i h fruit$ x alongside ( ! ,gregg on my gr\nds1 b h fail$ to note any diff]5ce 9 fruit1 cane1 or season ( rip5+4 ,! ,*apman1 ,hopk9s1 & o!rs h be5 introduc$1 b ,i fail to see :y !y %\ld take ! place ( ! f9e old /&>d v>ieties already describ$4 ,= ei!r m>ket or home use ! ,s\hegan 7e>ly7 & ,gregg 7late7 leave little else to be desir$4 ,,blackb]ries ,( ! blackb]ries rec5tly introduc$1 ,wilson ,junior )\t d\bt produces ! l>ge/ & f9e/ fruit1 & 9 ?is respect is probably unsurpass$ by any v>iety n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,b x is a *ild ( ! old ,wilson's ,e>ly1 & ,i d n believe x w prove h>dy nor? ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,x resembles its well-kn[n p>5t1 b ! fruit is e>li]1 f9]1 & l>g]1 fit = use z soon z black1 & suffici5tly firm to c>ry well to m>ket4 ,^? :o h te/$ x affirm t1 al?\gh x yields enorm\sly1 x has n fail$ to p]fect its crop4 ,i %\ld give x w9t] protection 9 ?is latitude4 ,! ,e>ly ,h>ve/ is said to be ! be/ v e>ly blackb]ry yet introduc$4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,lovett describes x z fir/-class 9 e respect1 p]fect+ its entire crop be=e any o!r blackb]ry c be ga!r$1 & z wond]fully prolific1 ,x is ( m$ium size1 ( good flavor1 & s firm t x c>ries to m>ket 9 excell5t condition4 ,9 h>d9ess x is said to be second only to ! ,snyd] & ,taylor4 ,taylor's ,prolific is a v>iety t ,i 0 te/+ :5 ?is book 0 writt54 ,x has fulfill$ its promise4 ,! plants h prov$ h>dy ) me1 ! fruit ( m$ium size1 unusually f9e-flavor$1 & v abundant4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,mr4 ,m4 ,craw=d speaks ( ! ,/one & especially ( ! ,agawam z ! h>die/ ( all ! v>ieties t he _h te/$4 ,!y 7 comp>atively un9jur$ :5 ne>ly all ! o!rs 7 kill$ to ! gr\nd4 ,!re are o!r k9ds :i* are good1 b s9ce !y d n equal ! v>ieties already nam$ 9 ?is volume1 ,i see no reason = keep+ !m be=e ! public4 ,! ,indu/ry gooseb]ry has be5 introduc$ by ,ellwang] & ,b>ry1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y41 :o ?9k x w revolutionize gooseb]ry culture 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is an ,engli% v>iety1 b has succe$$ s well 9 ?is c\ntry t x has be5 propagat$ & dissem9at$4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r x w cont9ue to reta9 its vigor & heal? 9 our climate4 ,x is said to be unequall$ = size1 ( f9e flavor1 v productive1 & %[+ no signs ( mildew4