,,%aft+1 ,,pulleys1 ,,belt+ ,,& ,,rope ,,transmission ,,! ,,p[] ,,h&books ,! be/ libr>y = ! eng9e] & ! man :o hopes to be "o4 ,?is book is "o ( !m4 ,!y are all good--& !y co/ #a4jj po/paid p] volume4 7,engli% price #d_/f po/paid47 ,,sold ,,sep>ately ,,or ,,9 ,,sets ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,augu/us ,h4 ,,gill ,,( ,,! ,,massa*usetts ,,in/itute ,,( ,,te*nology ,,eng9e ,,room ,,*emi/ry ,,by ,,hub]t ,e4 ,,coll9s ,,boil]s ,,knocks ,,& ,,k9ks ,,%aft ,,gov]nors ,,pumps ,,erect+ ,,"w ,,pipes ,,& ,,pip+ ,,%aft+1 ,,pulleys ,,& ,,belt+ ,,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,mat!ws ,,refrig]ation4 7,9 ,prep>ation47 ,,hill ,,publi%+ ,,company #eje ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york #f ,,b\v]ie ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,e4 ,c4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,h&books ,%aft+1 ,pulleys1 ,belt+ ,,& ,rope ,transmission ,,compil$ ,,& ,,writt5 ,,by ,,hub]t ,e4 ,,coll9s ,publi%$ by ! ,mc,graw-,hill ,book ,company ,new ,york ,successors to ! ,book ,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,mc,graw ,publi%+ ,company ,hill ,publi%+ ,company ,publi%]s ( ,books = ,electrical ,_w ,! ,eng9e]+ & ,m9+ ,j\rnal ,! ,eng9e]+ ,record ,p[] & ,! ,eng9e] ,electric ,railway ,j\rnal ,am]ican ,ma*9i/ ,copyright1 #aijh1 ,,by ,,! ,,hill ,,publi%+ ,,company ,all rights res]v$ ,hill ,publi%+ ,company1 ,new ,york1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,introduction ,,?is h&book is int5d$ to furni% ! read] ) practical help = ! e-day h&l+ ( %aft+1 pulleys & belt+4 ,^! are alli$ 9 ! op]ation ( plants & x is a pretty g5]ally conc$$ fact t all ?ree are mu* neglect$ by _m op]ators4 ,a close p]usal ( ^! pages w enable ! read] to det]m9e ! be/ c\rse to pursue 9 ! mo/ common in/ances & 9 v>i\s tr\bles1 & 9 all articles !re are sugge/ions = simil> cases :i* may arise4 ,= in/ance1 ! ne$ ( belt dress+ z a pres]vative1 n[ g5]ally conc$$ by mo/ au?orities1 is fully cov]$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xi & ! result ( a te/ made by dis9t]e/$ p>ties to f9d ! degree ( effici5cy ( f\r ( ! be/ kn[n dress+s is giv54 ,! results are ( importance to all belt us]s4 ,a portion ( ! book is also giv5 to rope transmission :i* is 9 m g5]al use to-day ?an ev] be=e1 & 9 ?is connection "s advice is (f]$ by exp]ts z to ! selection & c>e ( ! rope4 ,rope splices & h[ to make !m w also prove valuable to _m eng9e]s4 ,! au?or wi%es to make ackn[l$gm5t to v>i\s contributors to ,p[] ^: articles are us$ h]e91 & to "s special contributors1 f ^: articles small portions h be5 tak54 ,ackn[l$gm5t is also made to ,/anley ,h4 ,moore1 ! au?or ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]+ & ,ma*9e ,%op ,practice = ! section on splic+4 ,,hub]t ,e4 ,,coll9s4 ,,new ,,york1 ,novemb]1 #aijh4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts #a ,,ii ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts #ba ,,iii ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts #cb ,,iv ,,tru+ ,,up ,,l9e ,,%aft+ #di ,v ,,app>atus ,,= ,,level+ ,,& ,,l9+ ,,%aft+ #ed ,,vi ,,"s ,,practical ,,k9ks #fa ,,vii ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,loos5+ ,,pulleys #fe ,,viii ,,splic+ ,,lea!r ,,belts #gb ,,ix ,,c>e ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,lea!r ,,belts #hi ,x ,,belt+--,,its ,,use ,,& ,,abuse #ii ,,xi ,a ,,comp>ative ,,te/ ,,( ,,f\r ,,belt ,,dress+s #ajb ,,xii ,,belt ,,creep #ajf ,,xiii ,,rope ,,drives #ajh ,,xiv ,a ,,new ,,s*eme ,,9 ,,rope ,,transmission #aae ,,xv ,,h[ ,,to ,,ord] ,,transmission ,,rope #abb ,,xvi ,a ,,belt+ ,,& ,,pulley ,,*>t #abi ,,xvii ,,splic+ ,,rope #ace ,,xviii ,,wire ,,rope ,,transmission #adc ,i ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts#a ,,9 ! in/allation1 ma9t5ance & repair ( %aft+1 z 9 all o!r ?+s1 !re is a "r & a wrong way2 & ?\gh ! wrong way ranges 9 its defects f matt]s caus+ trivial inconv5i5ce to absolute dang]1 ! "r too (t5--ow+ to lack ( k or disc]nm5t--f9ds b scant appreciation4 #a ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,*as4 ,h]rman4 ,:]e1 z is (t5 ! case1 ! end ( a %aft is j\rnal$ to admit ( ! use ( an odd1 small-bore pill[ block or wall-box hang]1 ! j\rnal$ "p %\ld equal 9 l5g? twice ! l5g? ( ! hang] be>+ plus ! l5g? ( ! coll>4 ,! hang] c ?us readily be slid out ( ! wall box1 & ! necessity ( unc\pl+ ?is %aft l5g? & remov+ x be=e access to ! be>+ = purposes ( clean+ or repair is done away )4 ,a plank or bo>d ,a 7,fig4 #a71 ab\t #a_/d to #a_/b in* long] ?an ! di/ance f ! bottom ( ! %aft to ! floor1 c be us$ to good advantage at su* times to free ! hang] ( ! %aft's weight1 & to prev5t ! %aft's spr++ f its own weight & ! pulleys x may be c>ry+4 ,%\ld x become necess>y to place a pulley ) half ! hub on & half (f ! j\rnal$ "p1 ?is c readily be done by ! use ( a split bu%+1 z %[n 9 sectional view ( ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,v (t5 a small-siz$ be>+ is us$ & ! %aft j\rnal$ (f to act z a coll>4 ,( ?is proc$ure x c only be said t if done ) ! idea ( mak+ a good job x signally fails ( its object2 if ( necessity 7a coll> be+ insuffici5t71 !n ! %aft is heavily ov]load$ & s]i\s tr\ble w result1 because ( x4 ,x is advisable to c5t] pun*1 or o!rwise m>k1 ! ends ( bo? %afts held by a compression c\pl+ close up aga9/ ! c\pl+1 & bo? edges ( ! c\pl+ hub %\ld h a pun* m>k j opposite & close to ! %aft pun* m>ks4 ,^! m>ks w s]ve at all times to %[ at a mom5t's glance any end or circumf]5tial slippage ( ! %afts )9 ! c\pl+4 ,! same me?od c be resort$ to = pro( ( pulley slippage4 ,:5 a new l9e ( %aft+ is put up1 ! foot position ( ea* hang] %\ld be cle>ly m>k$ out on _! respective timb]s aft] ! %aft has be5 br\ght into al9em5t4 ,hang]s c ?us be easily put back into _! prop] place %\ld timb] %r9kage or heavy /ra9s cause !m to %ift out ( l9e4 ,?is idea c be appli$ to good advantage on old l9es also1 b be=e m>k+ out ! hang] positions ! %aft %\ld be tri$ & br\ght into p]fect al9em5t4 ,hang]s t d n all[ ( any v]tical adju/m5t %\ld n be us$ 9 old build+s t are liable to settle4 ,%aft+ s run pretty ne>ly always gets out & keeps out ( level4 ,9 flang$ bolt c\pl+s 7,fig4 #a7 no "p ( ! bolt %\ld project beyond ! flanges4 ,& :]e a belt runs 9 close proximity to su* a c\pl+1 split wood coll>s %\ld be us$ to cov] 9 ! expos$ c\pl+ flanges1 bolt heads & nuts4 ,c\nt]%afts h be5 torn out ( place times innum]able by belts gett+ caught & w9d+ up on ! ma9 l9e4 ,:5ev] possible a space ( #h to #aj in*es %\ld be left betwe5 ! end ( a %aft l9e & ! wall4 ,a solid pulley or a new c\pl+ c ?us readily be put on by simply unc\pl+ & pu%+ ! two %aft l5g?s ap>t )\t tak+ ei!r d[n4 ,t5 in*es does n repres5t ! full scope ( pulleys admissible1 = s long z ! pulley hub does n exce$ a #aj-;in* l5g? ! pulley face 7! m readily 9 proportion to ! l>g] pulley diamet]7 c be edg$ 9 betwe5 ! %afts4 ,fig4 #b is an in/ance ( bad judgm5t 9 locat+ ! be>+s4 ,9 "o case ?is be>+ ov]heat$2 ! rem$y is ei!r to re-babbitt ! old box or replace x ) a new "o4 ,bo? pulleys 7 solid & ! keys--headless ones--_h be5 driv5 home to /ay4 ,! rims ( bo? pulleys almo/ t\*$ ! wall1 & ! circumf]5tial position on ! %aft ( bo? ^! pulleys 0 su* z to preclude ! possibility 7ow+ to an arm ( a be+ 9 a direct l9e ) key ,b#a & arm ( b ) key a#a7 ( us+ any?+ b a side (fset key />t+ drift4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,an ef=t 0 made to loos5 b 7:i* 0 f>!/ f ! wall7 by sl$ge-driv+ x t[>d ! wall1 hop+ t ! pulley might move (f ! key4 ,! key1 z 0 aft]w>d f\nd out1 n hav+ be5 oil$ :5 orig9ally driv5 home _h ru/$ 9 place badly2 ?\gh ! pulley 0 mov$ by sl$g+1 ! key1 secure 9 ! pulley hub1 rema9$ !re4 ,ultimately "o ( u _h to get into pulley b1 &1 remov+ cap c1 hold ! improvis$ side (fset1 long1 />t+ drift ,d 9 place aga9/ ,b#a at b#b :ile ! o!r swung ! h& sl$ge at a4 ,! ent]+ end ( ! key1 n hav+ be5 file *amf]$ (f1 z x %\ld h be5 7see ,e71 our />t+ drift burr$ x up2 s1 aft] hav+ />t$ x1 we _h ! pleasure ( gett+ into b to file ! key end b#b into %ape s z to admit ( gett+ x out4 ,! solid pulley b has s9ce be5 replac$ ) a split pulley4 ,by ! arrangem5t1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 ( ! rim-friction clut* on ! driv5 ma9 %aft ,b & ! driv+ pulley on ! eng9e-connect$ driv+ ma9 %aft ,a1 no matt] :e!r ,b %aft is 9 use or n--i4e41 :e!r ! clut* be 9 or out ( engagem5t--s long z ,a %aft is 9 motion ! belt ,c is work+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,ma9 l9e belts come high1 & ! m !y are us$ ! soon] w !y we> out4 ,by *ang+ ! clut* f %aft ,b to ,a & ! pulley ,d f ,a to ,b1 belt ,c w be at re/ :5ev] ,b is n 9 use4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ^! %afts are ea* 9 a sep>ate room or on a diff]5t floor 7! belt runn+ ?r\gh ! wall or floor & ceil+1 z ! case may be7 ! clut*1 despite belt we>1 %\ld be plac$ directly on ! driv5 %aft 7z ,b71 s z to provide a ready means = %utt+ (f ! p[] 9 cases ( em]g5cy4 ,figs4 #d1 #e & #f repres5t a dang]\s mode1 mu* 9 vogue1 ( driv+ an ov]head floor4 ,an extremely slack belt connects ! driv+ %aft ,a & ! driv5 %aft ,b2 :5 x is desir$ to imp>t motion to ! driv5 %aft ! belt tight5] ,c is let d[n & belt contact is ?us secur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,?is tight5] sy/em is call$ dang]\s advis$ly1 = few are ! %ops employ+ x b t "s employee has good cause to rememb] x4 ,unlike a clut*--:]e control ( ! p[] is positive1 in/antane\s & simple--! tight5] _c be h&l$1 z 9 em]g5cy cases x has to be4 ,9 any b /raight up & d[n drives ) ! driv5 pulley equal to or l>g] 7diametrically7 ?an ! driv]1 unless ! belt h special lead+ idl]s !re is m or less ( a con/ant belt contact ) its resultant liability to />t ! driv5 %aft up unexpect$ly4 ,:5 ! tight5] is completely (f1 ! belt1 ow+ to heat1 weight or belt fault1 may at any "t cont9ue to cl+ & transmit p[] = a %ort space1 despite ?is fact4 ,^! tight5]s are usually pretty heavy--9 fact1 mu* heavi] ?an ! unfamili> imag9es :5 on ! spur ( em]g5cy he grapples !m1 & tr\ble results4 ,tight5] 79 ,fig4 #e7 ,a is held 9 place by two ?read$ rods ,b--z %[n by slot a 9 ,a#a--;& regulat$ & tight5$ by r+-nuts ,c work+ along ! ?read$ portion ( ,b4 ,c 7( ,fig4 #d7 is also a poor arrangem5t4 ,fig4 #f is ! be/ ( !m all4 ,apropos ( clut*es1 great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 tight5+ !m up :ile ! %aft+ is 9 motion1 = if ! lea/ bit ov]done ! clut* may />t up or1 on be+ lock$ = trial 7accord+ to ! clut*es' /ructure71 cont9ue runn+ )\t possibility ( release until ! ma9 s\rce ( p[] be cut (f4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! dang] ( a clut* on a sprung %aft4 ,heavily load$ %aft+ runs to mu* bett] advantage :5 c5t] driv5 ?an :5 end driv51 & :at (t5 con/itutes an ov]load = an end drive is b a full load = a c5t] drive4 ,to illu/rate1 "h is "o case ( _m3 ,! ma9 %aft--end driv5--0 s ov]load$ t x c\ld be al9$ & level$ "o week & be f\nd out "o way or ! o!r1 frequ5tly bo? ways1 ! next week4 ,be+ tir$ ( ! ceaseless t9k]+ t ! condition "u :i* t %aft 0 work+ necessitat$1 ! proprietors 7 giv5 ! ultimatum3 ,a heavi] l9e ( %aft+ :i* w\ld be sure to "w1 or a try ( ! c5t] drive :i*1 ow+ to ! extreme sev]ity ( ?is case1 might or might n "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,a c5t] drive1 be+ ! *eape/1 0 decid$ ^u4 ,pulley ,a1 ,fig4 #g1 :i* happ5$ to be a solid1 set-screw & key-held pulley1 0 remov$ f ! end ( ! %aft4 ,! split1 tight-clamp+-fit pulley ,b1 ,fig4 #h1 0 put 9 ! middle ( ! %aft l5g?2 ! gas eng9e 0 %ift$ to accommodate ! new drive1 & hang] ,c#a 0 put up z a re9=cem5t to hang] ,c & z a prev5tive ( %aft spr++4 ,aft] ^! *anges ! %aft gave no tr\ble1 s t1 z _h be5 hop$1 ! torsional /ra9 t _h =m]ly all be5 at po9t #a mu/ evid5tly h be5 divid$ up betwe5 po9ts #b & #c4 ,:5 a ma9 %aft is belt$ to ! eng9e & to a c\nt]%aft1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 ! pulley ,a#a gets all ! load ( ma9 & c\nt]%afts4 ,9 ! arrangem5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj po9t #a gets ,a's load & #b gets ,b's load & is ! bett] arrangem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,:]e a ma*9e is situat$ close to "o ( ! columns or timb] uprights ( ! build+ x is v cu/om>y to c>ry ! belt %ift] device ^u ! column1 z 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,! sudd5 /oppage ( a ma*9e seldom does any damage1 :]eas an unexpect$ />t+ may cause irrep>able damage & (t5 ev5 endang] ! limb & life ( ! ma*9e op]ative4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,to avoid ! possibility ( "s pass+ p]son bru%+ up aga9/ ! %ift+ lev] & ?us />t+ ! ma*9e1 ! tight & loose pulleys ( ! c\nt]%aft %\ld be s plac$ t :5 ,a is expos$--t is1 away f ! column--its accid5tal %ift+ %all /op ! ma*9e4 ,fig #ab makes ?is po9t cle>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,?is arrangem5t is (t5 us$ to save a coll> 7at ,a74 ,! oil runs out betwe5 ! loose pulley & ! be>+1 especially if ! latt] be a split be>+2 ! loose pulley1 in/ead ( be+ totally free :5 ! belt is on ! tight pulley1 acts m or less1 9 proportion to ! end play ( ! %aft1 z a buff] betwe5 ! tight pulley & ! be>+2 f9ally1 ! tight pulley is depriv$ ( ! support 7:i*1 :5 "u load1 x c use to good advantage7 a ne>] proximity to ! hang] w\ld give x4 ,! %afts ( light-work+ c\nt]s %\ld n be ne$lessly m>r$ ) spott+ or flats = coll> set-screws1 nor %\ld cup or po9t$ set-screws 7:i* m> a %aft7 be us$4 ,if ! coll> be %>ply tapp$ ) a hamm]1 diametrically opposite ! set-screw1 :ile x is be+ tight5$ up1 all slack is tak5 out ( ! coll>2 & ! hold is su* t1 )\t res\rce to ! same exp$i5t :5 loos5+ ! coll>1 a screwdriv] w sc>cely avail aga9/ a slott$ set-screw4 ,:5 requir$ to s9k ! head ( a bolt into a timb] to admit ( ! timb]s ly+ snug 9 or aga9/ "s spot1 if all[able1 ! bolt's future turn+ c be gu>d$ aga9/ by cutt+ ! hole squ>e to fit ! bolt head4 ,b :]e a wa%] mu/ be us$1 ! only positive & practical way to prev5t ! bolt f turn+ is to drive a nail 7z %[n7 into ,a 7,fig4 #ac7 f> en\gh = ! nail head to flu% ,b2 n[ b5d ! head d[n beh9d ! bolt t[>d c4 ,x is evid5t t if ! bolt tries to turn 9 ! direction ( #c ! nail end 7wood held7 w prev5t x2 if t[>d #d1 ! nail head w be =c$ aga9/ ! wood & cat* hold ( ! bolt head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,l>ge belts ( eng9es1 dynamos1 motors1 etc41 :5 9 ne$ ( tak+-up are usually att5d$ to :5 ! plant is %ut d[n2 t is1 nights1 ,sundays or legal holidays4 ,at su* times p[] is n to be _h2 & if ! splic$ "p ( ! belt1 :i* mu/ be op5$1 %ort5$1 scrap$1 re-cem5t$ & hamm]$1 happ5s to be re/+ aga9/ ! face ( "o ( ! pulleys1 is up betwe5 "s beams or d[n 9 a pit1 ! *ances ( ! job1 if done at all1 be+ any good are v slim4 ,! splic$ "p ( a l>ge belt %\ld be cle>ly m>k$ 9 "s p]man5t & easily recognizable way 7a rivet1 or :]e ! belt is rivet-held at all its jo9ts "s odd arrangem5t ( rivets is z good a way z any74 ,?is m>k+ w m9imize ! possibility ( mi/ake & enable ! eng9e] to place ! belt splice 9 ! position mo/ favorable = ! belt-mak]'s tak+-up4 ,9 wire-lac+ a belt1 v (t51 despite all ef=ts & c>e1 ! edges ( ! belt 7,a1 ,b7 get out ( l9e1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 & make ! be/ ( jobs look poor4 ,by secur+ ! belt 9 prop] position by two small pieces ( wire pass$ ?r\gh & fa/5$ at #a1 #b1 #c & #d1 ,fig4 #ae1 ! lac+ c be m conv5i5tly accompli%$ & ! edge projection is avoid$4 ,:5 ! lac+ has progress$ f> en\gh to necessitate ! removal ( wires c d1 ! lac+ already 9 place w keep ! belt 9 its orig9al position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,a wire lac+ "u c]ta9 conditions w run a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t to a day4 ,on exp5sive ma*9]y ^: "t really is money x pays to r5ew ! lac+ at regul> int]vals s z to avoid ! loss ( "t occasion$ by a sudd5 giv+ out ( ! lace4 ,nev] ?r[ a belt on to a rim-friction or o!r k9d ( clut* :ile ! %aft is 9 full motion4 ,belts1 :5 be+ ?r[n on1 h a knack1 peculi>ly _! own1 ( jump+ (f on ! o!r side ( ! pulley4 ,& %\ld a belt jump ov] & (f on ! wrong side & get caught 9 ! clut* me*anism1 z ! say+ goes1 !re w be some?+ do+ & ! %[ usually comes high4 ,x pays to sl[ d[n4 ,a mule belt 7transmitt+ 9 ! neighborhood ( or consid]ably ov] #be horse-p[]7 t runs amuck ?r\gh ! break+ d[n ( ! mule c make en\gh tr\ble 9 a %ort "t to keep ! mo/ able repair+ = a long :ile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,no matt] :at ! pulley %afts hold+ arrangem5t & adju/+ contrivance may be1 all ( ! /ra9 due to belt weight1 t5sion1 & ! p[] transmitt$ falls ma9ly at po9ts ,a1 ,a#a1 ,fig4 #af2 & x is "h t1 soon] or lat]1 a p91 set-screw or bolt gives way & ! belt ei!r gets badly torn up1 rips some?+ out ( place1 or a fold ( x sweep+ to ! floor slams ?+s ar\nd g5]ally until ! p[] is %ut (f4 ,! rem$y is obvi\s3 ,re9=ce ,a1 ,a' by secur+ ,b1 ,b' to ! support+ %aft c at c#a1 c#b4 ,! yoke x is a reliable & practical means to ?is end4 ,/raps a held by ! nuts b hold ! yoke securely on ! support+ %aft c1 :ile ! pulley-%aft ends ,b1 ,b' are held 9 ! ,u ( ! yoke at w' at any desir$ di/ance f c by means ( ! adju/m5t provid$ by ! nuts b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,! end ( a hang] be>+ 0 badly worn 7,fig4 #ag74 ,! cap c\ld be lift$ out by remov+ bridge ,a1 b ! %aft int]f]$ ) ! lift+ ( ! bottom out1 ow+ to its be+ held 9 ! hang] slides4 ,x _h to be remov$ & we 7 call$ ^u to put x into %ape by re-babbitt+4 ,be+ a newspap] plant1 money 0 no object2 ! "t limit1 h[ev]1 0 ?ree h\rs1 or h&s (f4 ,op5+ ! #cj-;in* eng9e belt & remov+ ! int]f]+ %aft l5g? 0 out ( ! "q 9 s %ort a "t4 ,s ! job 0 done z foll[s3 ,! %aft 0 brac$ aga9/ d[n sag & eng9e pull along ! l9e ,b ,c by a piece ( timb] at ,a1 & aga9/ pull on ,b ,d by timb] arrangem5t ,x2 timb] y's po9ts y#a & y#b re/+ aga9/ ! uprights at #a & #b1 timb] z w$g$ 9 betwe5 y at y#c & ! %aft at #d1 ?us act+ z ! /ay along l9e ,b ,d4 ,! nuts & wa%]s a1 a 7 remov$2 ! bolts driv5 back out ( ! bracket2 ! end ( a rope 0 ?r[n ov] ! %aft at b1 pass$ ?r\gh ! pulley & ti$ to ! bracket & hang] :i*1 z "o piece1 7 !n slid endways (f ! %aft & l[]$ to ! floor4 ,! be>+ 0 clean$1 re-babbitt$ & scrap$1 ev]y?+ put back1 /ays remov$ & ! %aft runn+ on "t ) a half-h\r to ! good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,timb] ,,arrangem5t ,x ,:5 desirable to keep a %aft f turn+ :ile *ipp+ & fil+ flats1 spott+ 9 set screws or mov+ pulleys on x1 x c be done by ins]t+ a n>r[ /rip ( c>dbo>d1 s(t wood or sev]al ?icknesses ( pap] betwe5 ! be>+ cap & ! top ( ! %aft & !n tight5+ ! cap d[n4 ,! pack+1 #a-af to #c-af in* ?ick & ab\t z long z ! be>+1 mu/ be n>r[2 o!rwise1 z may be d$uc$ f ,fig4 #ah 7:i* %[s ! "r way71 by ! use ( a wide /rip 9 ! cap ! %aft is turn$ into a w$ge1 endang]+ ! safety ( ! cap :5 =c$ d[n4 ,at po9t #c pack+ does no h>m1 b at #a & #b !re is j en\gh space to all[ ! %aft diamet] to fit exactly1 ) no room to sp>e1 into ! cap bore diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,z a v little clamp+ w d a good deal ( hold+ ! clamp+ ne$ n be ov]done4 ,a %aft c also be held f turn+1 or turn$ z may be desir$1 by hold+ x ) a screw 7monkey7 wr5* at any flat or keyway1 z %[n 9 sectional view1 ,fig4 #ai4 ,:5 a %aft breaks x is ei!r ow+ to torsional /ra9 caus$ by ov]load1 spr++ ?r\gh lack ( hang] support at ! prop] int]val ( %aft l5g?1 ! /ra9 ( imp]fect al9em5t or level1 or a flaw4 ,an imm$iate tempor>y repair may be effect$ by tak+ "s split pulley t c be/ be sp>$ f ano!r "p ( ! %aft & clamp+ x ov] ! brok5 "p ( ! %aft1 ?us conv]t+ x1 z x 71 into a compression c\pl+4 ,! long] ! pulley hub ! bett] ! hold2 spott+ ! set-screws--t is1 *ipp+ out ab\t #a_/h-;in* holes = _! accommodation into ! %aft--is also a great help4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,if :5 ! %aft breaks x has n be5 sprung by ! sudd5 dropp+ ( itself & ! pulleys t 7 on x1 a p]man5t repair c be effect$1 aft] correct+ ! cause ( ! break1 by ! use ( a regul> key-less compression c\pl+4 ,if x has be5 sprung1 a new l5g? comes *eape/ 9 ! w9d-up2 & if ov]load 0 ! orig9al cause ( ! tr\ble1 only a heavi] %aft or a consid]able light5+ ( ! load w prev5t a repetition4 ,9 ,fig4 #bj ,a %[s h[ to drive to make belt weight c\nt 9 secur+ extra contact4 ,9 ,b ?is weight causes a loss ( contact4 ,be>+ 9 m9d t ,b is n only a loss f ! normal contact b also a loss ( ! extra contact t ,a gives1 x w readily be se5 h[ important a p[]-sav+ factor ! "r sort ( a drive is--especially on high-spe$ small-pulley ma*9es1 su* z dynamos1 motors1 fans1 bl[]s1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,a good _m electrical conc]ns m\nt "s ( _! /yles ( dynamos & motors 7especially ! light duty1 small size7 ^u two ,v-%ap$ rails1 ,fig4 #ba 7! bottom ( ! motor or dynamo base be+ ,v-groov$ = ! purpose74 ,! ma*9e's weight & ! screws ,a are c\nt$ on to keep x 9 place4 ,if ! ma*9e be prop]ly m\nt$ on ^! rails1 z reg>ds screws ,a 9 relation to its drive1 ! screws re9=ce ! ma*9e's weight 9 hold+ x d[n & also p]mit a sur] adju/m5t ?r\gh ?is /eady hold+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,fig4 #bb %[s ! ma*9e prop]ly m\nt$4 ,! belt t5sion & pull t5d to draw ,b corn] ( ! ma*9e t[>d ! %aft ,c2 & screw ,b#a is !re to resi/ ?is pull4 ,ow+ to ?is resi/ance & ! pull along l9e ,d1 ,e t5ds to lift & slew ar\nd 9 ,e#a direction2 screw ,e#b is1 h[ev]1 9 a position to ov]come bo? ^! t5d5cies4 ,if ! screws are bo? 9 front1 !re is no?+ b ! ma*9e's weight to keep ! back ( x f tilt+ up4 ,! absurdity ( plac+ ! screws at ,f & ,g1 ?\gh ev5 ?is is ?\ghtlessly done1 ne$s no demon/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,:5 putt+ a new belt on a motor or dynamo1 bo? ! driv] & ! driv5 are (t5 ne$lessly /ra9$ by ! use ( belt-clamps1 9 ! attempt to take z mu* /ret* out ( ! belt z possible4 ,on be+ loosely endless$ x soon requires tak+ up2 & if only lac$1 :5 ! "t = endless+ comes ! belt is bot*$ by ! splic+ 9 ( ! piece :i*1 ow+ to ! insuffici5cy ( ! orig9al belt l5g?1 mu/ n[ be add$ to supply en\gh belt to g ar\nd1 plus ! splice4 ,! prop] mode ( proc$ure is3 ,place ! motor on its rails or slides #e in*es away f its ne>e/ possible approa* to ! driv5 %aft or ma*9e & wire-lace x 7wire-lac+ is a v close second to an endless belt74 ,let x run = a few days1 mov+ ! motor back f ! driv5 %aft z ! belt /ret*es4 ,:5 all reasonable /ret* is out1 move ! motor back z close to ! driv5 %aft z possible4 ,! #e in*es =w>d motion w give #aj in*es ( belt+1 :i* w be amply suffici5t = a good splice2 &1 fur!r1 ! ma*9e w be 9 position to all[ ( tight5+ ! belt up1 by simply =c+ ! motor back1 = probably ! belt's lifetime4 ,,ii ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts#b ,,! bolts1 set-screws1 pulleys1 be>+s1 %aft+ & clut*es ( a plant1 al?\gh among ! =emo/ factors 9 its effici5cy1 are v (t5 neglect$ until !y rea* ! /age :]e _! condition absolutely compels att5tion4 #b ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,*as4 ,h]rman4 ,v (t5 ?is lack ( prop] att5tion is due to surr\nd+ difficulties ( an almo/ insurm\ntable & mo/ disc\rag+ nature4 ,at o!r times x is due to a lack ( prop] appreciation ( ! damage resultant f seem+ly insignificant neglects4 ,h[ to ov]come "s ( ^! difficulties is ! object ( ?is *apt]4 ,fig4 #bc %[s a case ( a turn+ bolt4 ,! head is inaccessible & ! bolt's turn+ ) ! nut1 ow+ to burrs or ru/1 prev5ts ei!r ! tight5+ or ! loos5+ ( ! nut4 ,"o to ?ree fair-siz$ nails driv5 ?r\gh ! timb] z at ,c1 h>d up aga9/1 or1 bett] /ill1 =c$ into a tang5t ) ! bolt1 w (t5 suffice to hold x :ile ! nut is be+ turn$4 ,9 iron gird]s1 beams1 etc41 ! nail me?od be+ impossible1 a slot ,e c easily be cut ) a hack-saw ?r\gh ! l[] end ( bo? ! nut & bolt1 s t ! bolt may be held by a screwdriv] :ile ! nut is turn$ ) a wr5*4 ,:]e an extra /rong screwdriv] mu/ be us$1 ! use ( two blades at ! same "t 9 ! hack-saw frame w give a slot ( ! requisite wid?4 ,:]e ! bolt's end projects beyond ! nut & x is desir$ to tight5 ! nut1 a ,/illson wr5* is (t51 ?\gh inadvis$ly1 call$ into s]vice4 ,?is t5ds to spoil ! l[] ?reads ( ! bolt & ?us prev5ts any future loos5+1 except by ! cutt+ (f ( ! project+ end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,z ! al9em5t & level ( %aft+ dep5d on ! p[] ( _! hold1 bolts1 lag-bolts & set-screws %\ld1 :5 !y are tight5$1 be s 9 fact & n 9 fancy4 ,! prop] way to use a wr5*1 especially a screw wr5*1 s z to avail y\rself ( e ounce ( p[]1 n ( y\r biceps only b ( y\r :ole body1 is z foll[s3 ,place y\r %\ld]s on a level ) ! object to be tight5$1 secure ! wr5* jaws well ^u x1 grasp ! jaws ) ! left h& & ! wr5* h&le ) ! "r1 hold+ bo? arms /raight & t5se2 sw+ ! upp] "p ( ! body to ! "r f ! hip1 back+ ! =ce ( y\r sw+ up ) ! full =ce ( y\r legs1 /eady+ y\rself ! :ile ) y\r left-h& grip on ! wr5* jaws1 :i* are ! c5t] ( y\r sw+4 ,sev]al su* half turns1 at ! w9d-up1 w cause an extremely h>d jam ) comp>ative ease4 ,9 tight5+ up a split-pulley1 ! exp$i5t ( hamm]+ ! bolts tight1 by means ( an op5-end$ bolt-wr5* & a small sl$ge1 is (t5 resort$ to4 ,if ! head ( ! bolt be lightly tapp$ :ile ! nut is be+ tight5$1 ev5 a light hamm]+1 except 9 ! extreme/ cases1 becomes unnecess>y4 ,split-pulleys are inv>iably bett] held 9 place by a good clamp+ fit ?an by set-screws4 ,x mu/ also be borne 9 m9d t1 = good hold+1 set-screws mu/ be spott$ into ! %aft1 & ?is defaces & (t5 mat]ially weak5s ! %aft4 ,split-pulleys1 l solid ones1 are sometimes subject to /oppage1 ow+ to excessive /ra94 ,set-screws1 at su* times1 cut a %aft up pretty badly2 :]eas1 if clamp$1 only a few slight scrat*es w\ld result4 ,:]e pack+ ) pap]1 c>dbo>d1 em]y clo? or t9 becomes necess>y to secure a good clamp+ fit1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to put an equal ?ickness ( pack+ into bo? halves ( ! pulley2 o!rwise x w wabble & jump :5 runn+4 ,em]y clo?1 on acc\nt ( its gritt9ess1 is pref]able = pack+ :]e ! duty done by ! pulley is light4 ,:5 ! duty done is extra heavy1 em]y clo?1 despite its gritt9ess1 w n d2 t9 or %eet iron1 ow+ to body1 mu/ be us$4 ,! foll[+ is ! mo/ practical way ( pack+ a split-pulley to a good clamp+ fit1 assum+ t em]y clo? is to be us$3 ,! ?ickness ( ! em]y clo? to be us$1 & :e!r to use "o or m folds1 c readily be asc]ta9$ by calip]+ ! %aft diamet] & pulley bore1 or by trial-clamp+ ! pulley by h&4 ,9 bo? ( ^! in/ances1 h[ev]1 due all[ance mu/ be made = ! compressiv5ess ( ! pack+ us$4 ,if ! pack+ be too ?91 ! pulley w n clamp /rongly en\gh2 if too ?ick1 ! *ances ( break+ ! lugs :5 draw+ ! bolts up are to be appreh5d$4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! prop] ?ickness ( em]y clo? to be us$1 place ! pulley on ! %aft1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,into ! l[] half ,c1 9 space ,a1 :i* is out ( contact ) ! %aft1 place a %eet ( em]y ) ! em]y side t[>d ! hub & ! smoo? side t[>d ! %aft4 ,! wid? ( ! em]y %\ld be a little less ?an half ( ! %aft's circumf]5ce1 & x %\ld be long en\gh to project ab\t "o-half ( an in* to an in* on ea* side ( ! hub4 ,n[ turn ! pulley on ! %aft s t ! position ( ! halves %all become rev]s$ 7,fig4 #be71 ,c on top1 ,b on bottom4 ,see t ! em]y clo? rema9s 9 its prop] position 9 half-hub1 ! smoo? side be+ t[>d ! %aft2 ! project+ l5g? beyond ! pulley hub w help y to d ?is4 ,into half-hub ,b 7space ,d7 ins]t a simil> siz$ piece ( em]y clo?1 smoo? side t[>d ! hub & ! em]y side t[>d ! %aft4 ,draw up on y\r bolts to clamp ! pulley into position4 ,be sure1 h[ev]1 t no em]y clo? gets 9 betwe5 ! half-hubs or lugs at po9ts #a & #b1 ,fig4 #be1 z ?is w\ld prev5t _! com+ prop]ly toge!r2 ! wid? ( ! em]y be+ less ?an half ( ! %aft's circumf]5ce w be a help to ?is end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 ow+ to d[nright neglect or unwitt+ neglect1 ?r\gh ! oil hole or oil] be+ block$ up1 t a loose pulley1 runn+ unlubricat$1 cuts1 heats1 & f9ally1 ?r\gh heat expansion1 seizes4 ,x !n becomes necess>y to take ! c\nt]%aft d[n1 =ce ! loose pulley (f & file & poli% ! %aft up be=e x c be put back into place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,! foll[+ me?od avoids ! tak+ d[n & putt+ back1 provides an easy means = loos5+ up ! pulley t has seiz$1 & improvises1 z x 71 a la! = fil+ & poli%+ ! %aft4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,9 ,fig4 #bf1 ,a is ! loose pulley t has seiz$4 ,?r[ (f bo? ! belt t leads f ! ma9 %aft to pulleys ,a1 ,b & ! belt t leads to ! driv5 ma*9e f ! driv+ pulley ,c4 ,tie1 or get somebody to hold1 an iron b> 9 pulley ,a at side a1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg1 ov] an arm ( ! pulley1 "u ! %aft1 & re/+ aga9/ ! timb]1 ceil+1 wall or floor1 9 su* a way z to prev5t ! pulley f turn+ 9 "o direction1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,n[1 ) ano!r b>1 ( a suffici5t l5g? to give y a good lev]age1 take ! grip "u a pulley arm & ov] ! %aft 9 ! tight pulley ,b at b1 :i* w enable y to "w aga9/ ! resi/ance ( ! b> 9 ! loose pulley ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,) en\gh lev]age1 ?is k9d ( p]suasion w loos5 ! wor/ ( cases4 ,take ! b>s out & move ,b suffici5tly to ! "r to all[ ,a to take ,b's =m] position4 ,secure ,b by means ( its set-screws 9 its new position &1 by means ( a piece ( cord1 fa/5 an arm ( ,a to "o ( ,b's4 ,x is evid5t t by ?r[+ ! ma9-%aft belt on to ,a x w1 ?r\gh ,a's cord connection ) ,b1 :i* is screw$ to ! %aft1 cause ! %aft to revolve1 ?us enabl+ y to file up & poli% t portion ( x =m]ly occupi$ by ,a4 ,to prev5t ! c\nt]%aft f side-slipp+ out ( hang]-be>+ ,d#a1 get somebody to hold some?+ aga9/ hang]-be>+ ,d#b at ,e2 or fa/5 a piece ( wire or cord on ! c\nt]%aft at ,f & ! hang] ,d#a1 s z to prev5t side-slipp+ :ile n int]f]+ ) revolution4 ,fil+1 poli%+1 a clean+ out ( ! oil hole or oil]1 & ! tak+ ( prop] precaution aga9/ future failure ( lubrication w put ev]y?+ into fir/-class ord]4 ,:5 ! loose pulley is1 z x is be/ = x to be1 f>!/ away f ! be>+1 held 9 its place by ! tight pulley & a coll>1 n only is ! tight pulley bett] adapt$ = c>ry+ its load1 ow+ to additional support resultant f its proximity to ! be>+1 b su* matt]s ( small repair z come up are mu* simplifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,fig4 #bh 9 "s degree1 aside f ! cutt+ up & heat+ ( ! be>+s1 illu/rates ! break+ /ra91 9 addition to ! usual torsional /ra91 :i* becomes enhanc$ 9 direct proportion ) ! increase ( break+ /ra91 to :i* an out-(-l9e or out-(-level %aft is subject4 ,! b5ds are exagg]at$ = illu/ration4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ! fact ( "o hang]-be>+ be+ out ( l9e or level subjects ! %aft to a sev]e break+ /ra94 ,! %aft be+ bo? out ( l9e & level does n1 if bo? at ! same po9t1 aggravate matt]s1 z might at fir/ be suppos$4 ,x is true t ! full torsional /r5g? ( a %aft is only equal to ! weake/ portion ( x1 s t ?ree weak spots m or less c1 !oretically1 make no diff]5ce "o way or ! o!r4 ,b1 practically1 !re is ! undue /ra9 & we> ( ! be>+s at ^! po9ts1 & if a pulley transmitt+ any consid]able am\nt ( p[] is situat$ any:]e along ! l5g? ,a ,b x is sure to be unpleasantly 9 evid5ce at all times4 ,only an eigh? or a qu>t] out1 b oh1 :at %aft-break+ /ories t fraction c\ld tell6 ,! foll[+ is a simple me?od = te/+ ! al9em5t & level ( a l9e ( %aft+ t is already up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,z 9 ,fig4 #bi1 /ret* a l9e ,c s t x is exactly opposite ! %aft+4 ,set x equidi/ant f ! %aft end c5t]s ,g & ,f & free f all contact along its entire l5g? except at its reta9+ ends ,a & ,b4 ,n[1 x is self-evid5t1 z l9e ,c is /raight & set equidi/ant f ! %aft end c5t]s ,g & ,f1 t if y set ! entire c5t] l9e ( ! %aft+ at ! same di/ance f l9e ,c1 z ,g & ,f1 y are b\nd to get y\r %aft+ into p]fect al9em5t4 ,9 level+ a l9e ( %aft+ t is already up1 y c1 by ! use ( a level & p]sev]ance1 get x "r4 ,plac+ ! level at ,a1 y are j z likely to raise ! fir/ hang] z to l[] ! middle "o4 ,look be=e y jump1 ev5 if compell$ to climb to ! top ( ! f5ce to d s4 ,:5 y f9d a l5g? ( %aft+ out ( level1 try ! two adjac5t l5g?s be=e act+1 & y\r action w be ! m intellig5t = x4 ,on exceptionally long l9es ( %aft+ ! foll[+ me?od1 9 :i* ! level & a l9e con/itute a *eck ^u & a guide = ea* o!r1 c be us$ to great advantage4 ,/ret* a l9e s t x is exactly above1 or1 if m conv5i5t1 bel[ ! %aft+ to be level$4 ,) ! level f9d a l5g? ( %aft+ t is level & adju/ y\r l9e exactly p>allel ) ?is l5g?4 ,y\r l9e n[1 free ( contact except at its reta9+ ends1 & level ow+ to its p>allelism to ! level %aft l5g?1 con/itutes a safe hight level guide :ile ! level itself c s]ve to v]ify ! accuracy ( ! f9i%$ job4 ,9 l9+1 :e!r = level or al9em5t1 unless ! %aft+ l9e consi/s ( ! same diamet] ( %aft+ ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?1 ?\gh ( necessity measur+ f ! %aft circumf]5ce to ! l9e1 always base y\r calculations on ! %aft c5t]s4 ,! figures 9 ,fig4 #bi w make ?is po9t cle>4 ,! mann] ( secur+ ! ends ( ! l9e "u diff]5t circum/ances mu/ be left to individual +5uity4 ,only be sure t ! l9e is s plac$ t ! %aft+ adju/m5t %all n affect its orig9al position ) ref]5ce to ! end %aft c5t]s4 ,c\pl+ clut*es1 i4e41 ^? jo9+ two l5g?s ( %aft+ into "o at option1 w fail1 utt]ly or p>tially1 if ! respective %afts :i* be> !m are out ( l9e or level ) ea* o!r4 ,su* a condition %\ld n be tol]at$ on acc\nt ( ! dang] entail$ by ! inability to %ut (f ! p[] 9 cases ( em]g5cy4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x is mo/ advisable to set a clut* to take z h>d a grip z x c )\t int]f]+ ) its releas+ p[]4 ,:]e a clut* grips weakly1 x is subject to undue we> ow+ to slippage1 :]eas a /rongly regulat$ clut* absolutely prev5ts slippage we>4 ,,iii ,,%aft+ ,,h9ts#c ,,eng9e]s1 ma*9i/s & g5]al me*anics are (t5 call$ ^u to turn _! h&s to a %aft+ job4 ,we recognize t all ( ! foll[+ _c prove new or ev5 sugge/ive to mo/ ( our read]s2 /ill1 "s ( x = all1 &1 mayhap1 all = "s1 may n come amiss4 #c ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,*as4 ,h]rman4 ,we all "k t to h belt+ run rightly on pulleys locat$ ^u p>allel l9es ( %aft+ ! %aft+ mu/ be 9 absolutely correct p>allel4 ,! slighte/ deviation1 ev5 to a #a-af in*1 (t5 imp>ts a m>r+ effect1 ?r\gh poorly runn+ belts1 to an o!rwise faultless job4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,fig4 #cj %[s h[ to l9e a c\nt]%aft z reg>ds p>allelism ) ! driv+ %aft :5 ! c\nt]%aft's end-c5t]s are availably situat$ = ?us measur+4 ,a is ! c\nt]%aft1 ,b ! ma9 %aft1 ,c is a /ick ( prop] l5g? ab\t #a-a_/b in*es 9 ?ickness & wid?1 ,d a heavy nail--ab\t #bj-p5ny w d--driv5 into ,c f> en\gh f its end ,e to all[ ( ,c's re/+ squ>ely ^u ! top ( ! %aft ,b4 ,re/ ! measur+ rod ^u ! ma9 %aft1 keep+ ! nail 9 t\* ) ! %aft1 s t :5 ! ,f end is 9 contact ) ! end ( ! c\nt]%aft ! /ick %all be at "r angles to ! ma9 %aft1 & !n m>k ! exact location a ( ! c\nt]%aft's end-c5t] on ! /ick4 ,d ! same at ! o!r end ( ! c\nt]%aft4 ,if bo? m>ks come at ! same spot1 y\r c\nt] is p>allel2 if n1 space betwe5 ^! two m>ks w %[ y h[ mu* & :i* way ! c\nt] is out4 ,x may only be necess>y to %ift "o end 9 or out a little2 & !n1 aga91 x may be t to get into l9e y w h to ?r[ "o end all ! way 9 "o direction & ! o!r all or "s 9 ! opposite direction4 ,b1 :i*ev] x be1 d n re/ cont5t until y h v]ifi$ ! correctness ( y\r adju/m5t by a re-measurem5t4 ,! nail %\ld be well driv5 into ,c1 s t its position w n readily *ange1 & x %\ld1 pref]ably1 be slant driv5 7z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj71 z x ?us helps to keep ! /ick d[n 9 contact ) ! %aft4 ,:]e an end-c5t] is n available or :]e !re is no cle> space on ! ma9 %aft1 opposite a c5t]1 ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca c g5]ally be us$4 ,re/ ,c on top ( bo? %afts & at "r angles to ! driv+ %aft ,b4 ,) ,d press$ aga9/ ,b1 place a squ>e on /ick ,c1 z %[n 7/ock 9 full contact ) ! top ( ! rod1 & ! tongue runn+ d[n ! side ( x74 ,slide along ,c t[>d ,a until ! side ( ! tongue t\*es ! %aft ! o!r side ( ,a4 ,n[ m>k a l9e on ! /ick d[n tongue4 ,d ! same at ! o!r end ( y\r c\nt]%aft & ! two resultant m>ks w be y\r p>allel adju/m5t guides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,x (t5 happ5s t a c\nt]1 or ev5 l9e %aft1 is end driv5 f ! extreme end ( ! ma9 or jack driv+ %aft ) its o!r end runn+ beyond ! rea* ( ! driv+ %aft1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,x is evid5t t nei!r me?od #a nor #b c "h be appli$ to solve ! al9em5t problem4 ,if ! driv+ pulley ,b & ! driv5 pulley ,a are bo? 9 place1 ! foll[+ me?od c be us$ to advantage4 ,fa/51 or let somebody hold1 "o end ( a l9e aga9/ pulley ,b's rim at ,b#a2 c>ry ! l9e ov] to ,a at ,a#b2 n[ sweep ! loose ,a#b end ( ! l9e t[>d pulley ,a until ! l9e j t\*es pulley ,b's rim at ,b#b4 ,:5 ! l9e s t\*es--& x mu/ j b>ely t\* or ! measurem5t is wor?less--,a#a & ,a#b ( pulley ,a mu/ be j t\*$ by or 7if ,b & ,a are n ( a l face wid?1 z 9 ,fig4 #cb7 equidi/ant f ! l9e4 ,a s+le1 two-hang]-support$ l5g? ( %aft+ ?us l9$ is b\nd to be 9 p>allel2 b :]e ! s adju/$ %aft l9e consi/s ( two or m c\pl+-jo9$ l5g?s support$ by m ?an two hang]s1 only pulley ,a's support+ portion ( ! %aft betwe5 its imm$iate support+ hang]s #a & #b is sure to be l9$2 ! re/ may be m or less out4 ,to make a p]fect job1 fix a /r+ 9 p>allel ) %aft l5g? #a & #b1 /ret*+ along ! entire l5g? ( ! adju/$ %aft1 & al9e ! re/ ( ! %aft l5g? to x4 ,:5 !re are no pulleys 9 place to g by1 or :51 z occasionally happ5s1 ! wabbly motion ( pulley ,b 7:5 runn+7 indicates t1 hav+ be5 inaccurately bor$ or bu%$1 or be+ locat$ on a sprung %aft l5g?1 its rim l9e is n at "r angles to ! %aft l9e1 ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc c be resort$ to4 ,in/ead ( ! nail us$ 9 me?ods #a & #b1 use a bo>d ab\t #h to #ab in*es long & ( a wid? equal to consid]ably m ?an half ( %aft ,b's diamet]4 ,by nail+ ?is bo>d x to ! measur+ rod c at any suitable angle1 y w be enabl$ to rea* f ! end a well into ! %aft ,b1 z at b1 & f b well into ,a1 z a4 ,by keep+ ! bo>d x along its entire l5g? 9 full contact ) ! %aft ,b at bo? #a & #b1 ! angul> position ( rod ,c is b\nd to be ! same 9 bo? in/ances1 & y w ?us 7by ! use ( a squ>e1 z 9 ,fig4 #ca7 be enabl$ to al9e ,a p>allel ) ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,9 all in/ances ( p>allel adju/m5t "h cit$ x is assum$ t bo? ! al9$ & ! al9$-to %afts h be51 z to secure accuracy ( result !y mu/ be1 prop]ly level$ be=e />t+ to al9e4 ,! above me?ods apply to cases :]e ! %aft+ is already 9 place4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 %aft+ is be+ newly in/all$ be=e ! "w c be proce$$ )1 x is necess>y1 aft] det]m9+ on ! location = ! %aft+1 to get a l9e on ! ceil+ 9 p>allel ) ! driv+ %aft to :i* to "w to4 ,m>k t po9t ,a :i* y int5d to be ! c5t] l9e = ! propos$ %aft+ ^u ! ceil+ 7,fig4 #cd74 ,re/ y\r measur+ rod ^u ! driv+ %aft & at "r angles to x1 ) ! nail aga9/ x4 ,hold y\r squ>e ) ! /ock bel[ & ! tongue aga9/ ! side ( ! measur+ /ick1 s t its tongue extremity t\*es ! ceil+ m>k ,a1 & !n m>k a l9e on ! rod along ! tongue side ,a4 ,move y\r rod along ! driv+ %aft to ! po9t :]e ! o!r end ( ! propos$ %aft+ l9e is to be1 &1 squ>+ y\r /ick to ! driv+ %aft ) ! tongue side ,a on ! m>k$ l9e ( ! /ick1 m>k y\r section po9t on ! ceil+4 ,draw a l9e or /ret* a /r+ betwe5 ^! po9ts1 & y h a true p>allel to "w to4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,ow+ to ! support+ timb] ,b's int]f]5ce1 a squ>e _h to be us$2 b :]e ! ceil+ is cle> ! rod c be cut to prop] l5g? or ! nail be s locat$ z to all[ ( us+ ! /ick extremity ,c = a m>k+ po9t4 ,:5 a pulley is h&ily situat$ on ! driv+ %aft1 ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce c be us$ to advantage4 ,let somebody hold "o end ( a l9e at #a1 & :5 y h got its o!r end s locat$ on ! ceil+ t ! l9e j t\*es ! pulley rim at #b1 m>k t ceil+ po9t 7we w call x #c74 ,9 ! same way get y\r m>ks #d & #e1 ea* f>!r back ?an ! o!r &1 = ! bett] assurance ( accuracy1 z to j t\*+ at #b1 remove & readju/ ! l9e sep>ately ea* "t4 ,if n[ a /raight l9e f #c to #e cuts #d1 y\r l9e #c1 #d1 #e is at "r angles to ! driv+ %aft & a l9e at "r angles to ?is w be p>allel to ! %aft4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,! plumb-bob me?od is s famili> &1 :]e n famili>1 s easily ?\ght out 9 its v>i\s applications1 t we deem x useless to t\* ^u x4 ,! /r+]s or support+ timb]s ( drop hang]s %\ld be equal 9 ?ickness to ab\t "o-fif? ( ! hang] drop4 ,:]e ! /r+]s run ) ! hang]s & crosswise ( ! %aft1 bo? feet ( a hang] base are bolt$ to ! same /r+]1 & ?is %\ld be f #a-a_/d to #a-a_/b times ! wid? ( ! wide/ portion ( ! hang] base4 ,z ! hang] is securely bolt$ to its /r+]1 ?is extra wid? is 9 effect an enl>gem5t ( ! hang] base1 & ?us enables x ! bett] to assi/ ! %aft's end motion4 ,:]e ! /r+]s run ) ! %aft & crosswise ( ! hang]s1 ! two feet ( ! hang] base are ea* fa/5$ to a sep>ate timb]1 & ^! %\ld be equal 9 wid? to ! l5g? ( "o hang] foot1 plus twice ! am\nt ( adju/m5t 7if !re be any7 ! hang]'s support+ bolt slots w all[ x4 ,9 reckon+ hang] adju/m5t1 be sure to figure 9 ! bolt's diamet] & to be> 9 m9d t to get ! utmo/ adju/m5t = ! c\nt]%aft ! bolts %\ld orig9ally be c5t]$ 9 ! slot2 ?us a #ac_/af #a-a_/b-;in* slot1 z x calls = a #c_/d-;in* bolt1 leaves a #c_/d-;in* play1 & ?is play1 ) ! bolt 9 ! c5t] ( ! slot1 all[s ( #c_/h-;in* adju/m5t ei!r way4 ,)\t ?is extra wid? addition any lat]al adju/m5t ( ! hang] w\ld result 9 leav+ a "p ( ! hang]'s feet )\t /r+] support4 ,su* jobs look poorly1 & (t5 run /ill m poorly4 ,fig4 #cf1 9 its two views1 w make ! above po9ts cle>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,9 ! /r++ ( c\nt]%afts ^: hang]s h no adju/m5t x (t5 happ5s1 despite all c>e 9 ! lay+ out1 t !y come #a_/h to #a_/d in* out ( p>allel4 ,a v common & likewise v dang]\s practice at su* times is to sub/itute a small] diamet] support+ bolt in/ead ( ! l>g] size = :i* ! hang] foot is cor$ or drill$1 & to make use ( ! play s ga9$ = adju/m5t4 ,t %aft+ s c>ri$ does n come d[n (t5] ?an x does is due solely to ! =esight ( ! hang] manufactur]s4 ,!y1 9 figur+ ! support+ bolt's diamet] z aga9/ ! /ra9 & load to be su/a9$1 are c>eful to provide an ample safety m>g9 = ov]load1 ?us enabl+ ! bolt sub/itut$ to j b>ely come )9 ! safety limit "u easy work+ conditions4 ,! l>ge/-siz$ bolt t a hang] w easily admit %\ld inv>iably be us$1 & = al9em5t purposes ei!r ( ! foll[+ sl[] b saf] me?ods %\ld be us$4 ,rebore ! hang]-support+ bolt holes 9 ! /r+]s to a l>g] size1 & use ! play s ga9$ = adju/m5t4 ,x is n advisable1 h[ev]1 to rebore ^! holes any l>g] ?an to "o & ?ree-qu>t] times ! diamet] ( ! bolt to be us$2 & ! diamet] ( ! wa%]s to be us$ on top ( ! /r+]s %\ld be diametrically equal to at lea/ twice ! size ( ! rebor$ holes4 ,t ! wa%]s us$1 "u su* conditions1 mu/ be ( a good proportionate ?ickness goes )\t say+4 ,:5 ! rebor+ me?od _c be us$--z :5 ! hang]s are c>ri$ by lag screws1 lag-bolts1 bolts screw$ directly into support+ iron gird]s1 etc4--x is evid5t t hang] adju/m5t c be secur$ by pack+ d[n "o foot ( ! hang] base1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,! piece ( pack+ 7necess>ily w$ge-%ap$7 betwe5 ! hang] foot ,b & ! /r+] ,a tilts ! bottom ( ! hang] =w>d4 ,! size ( ! w$ge regulates ! am\nt ( adju/m5t4 ,w$ge-%ap$ space ,d1 at foot ,c1 %\ld also be pack$ out s z to avoid ?r[+ undue /ra9 ^u ,c's extremity c4 ,if n[1 ! foot c ( ! c\nt]%aft's o!r support+ hang] 7,no4 #b7 be simil>ly & equally pack$1 z ,b ( ,no4 #a hang]1 ! %aft w h be5 ?r[n =w>d at "o end & back at ! o!r1 & ?us into l9e4 ,! equal division ( ! adju/+ w$ge pack+ betwe5 ! opposite feet ( ! two hang]s enables a limit$ pack+ to d consid]able adju/+ )\t any undue m>r+ effect2 &1 fur!r1 insures ! %aft's rema9+ level1 :i* evid5tly w\ld n be ! case if only "o hang] 7 pack$ d[n4 ,aft] s adju/+1 be sure to get y\r hang]s squ>ely crosswise ( ! %aft z readju/$1 s t ! hang] be>+s w lie 9 a true l9e ) ! %aft & n b9d x4 ,at all times be sure to h y\r hang]s hang or /& plumb up & d[n2 z1 if ! be>+s are n s pivot$ z to be horizontally self-adju/+1 excessive friction w be ! lot ( "o end ( ! be>+ ) n ev5 contact = ! re/ ( x4 ,! be>+ be+ self-adju/+ all ways1 squ>e cross+ ( ! %aft l9e by ! hang] l9e & plumb /ill rema9 em95tly desirable = appe>ance's sake4 ,be=e a c\nt]%aft c be put up on a ceil+ ^: support+ timb]s are bo>d$ ov]1 or 9 a mod]n firepro( /ructure ^: gird]s & beams are s brick$ & pla/]$ 9 z n to %[1 x is necess>y to positively locate ^? ( !m :i* are to c>ry ! /r+]s4 ,x is 9 ! e>ne/ endeavor to prop]ly locate ^! t ! unaccu/om$ h& turns a wood ceil+ into a sieve & a brick "o into a wreck4 ,to avoid kit*5 & h\se raz+ effects1 try ! foll[+ recipe3 ,we w assume t l9e ,a ,b1 ,fig4 #ch1 laid out by "o ( ! me?ods previ\sly describ$1 is ! c5t] l9e ( ! propos$ c\nt]%aft4 ,! hang]'s base l5g?1 lat]al adju/m5t & individual foot l5g? call = /r+]s #d-c_/d in*es wide1 plac$ #e-a_/d in*es ap>t or #ad-c_/d in*es outside 7z p] sket*74 ,! floor position ( ! ma*9e to be driv51 or ! driv+ po9t ( ! ma9 %aft1 is s locat$ ) ref]5ce to ! c\nt]%aft t "o ( ! support+ hang]s mu/ g at or v ne> ,c1 & ! c\nt]%aft's l5g? br+s ! o!r hang] at or v ne> ,d4 ,n[ betwe5 po9ts ,c ,d & ) due ref]5ce to ! c5t] l9e ,a ,b1 lay out ! position :i* y\r /r+]s are to occupy4 ,x is self-evid5t t by conf9+ y\r beam prospect+ to ! /r+] spaces ,e & ,f1 ultimately1 :5 ! c\nt]%aft is 9 place1 all ! cut-up portions ( ! ceil+ w be hidd5 f view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,g5]ally ! necess>y support+ beams w n all be f\nd )9 ! %aft's l5g? di/ance ,c ,d2 9 su* cases cont9ue y\r cutt+ 9 ! same p>allel l9e to ,a ,b1 z at ,e or ,f1 go+ f ,c ,d outw>dly until y /rike ! s\ght-= beams4 ,hav+ locat$ beams1 say #a & #b1 we f9d by measurem5t t !y are #e feet ap>t1 &1 z beams are g5]ally uni=mly spac$1 we may />t #d feet #f in*es 7g #d feet #f in*es & n #e feet1 to make sure n to skip beam #c & ?us make a cut t w n be cov]$ by ! /r+]s7 f #a to cut outw>dly = ! location ( beam #c4 ,:]e ! build+'s beams run p>allel to ! %aft1 ,fig4 #ci1 m>k ! c\nt]'s-c5t] l9e ,a ,b1 & !n m>k ! spaces--z det]m9$ by ! c\nt]%aft l5g?1 floor position ( ! driv5 ma*9e or ! driv+ po9t on ! ma9 %aft--to be occupi$ by ! /r+]s ,c ,d1 &1 />t+ f ! c5t] l9e ,a ,b1 cut outw>dly ea* way to ! desir$ beams #a & #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,:]e ! c5t] l9e z laid out 7be=e ! position ( ! ceil+ beams 0 kn[n7 br+s x close to or directly "u a support+ beam1 x is g5]ally advisable :]e possible to /ep ! c\nt] back or =w>d to a c5tral position betwe5 ! beams4 ,:]e %aft+ is already 9 place 9 a build+1 no matt] on :at floor1 valuable measurem5ts z to beam location c ?us be _h f ! pla9ly 9 sight & ! reasonably d$ucible4 ,lack+ 9-place-%aft+ to g by1 ! walls1 columns & ma9 gird]s always cle>ly indicate ! crosswise or p>allel run ( ! ceil+ beams to ! propos$ %aft+ l9e4 ,9 ! usual me?od ( locat+ ! timb]s ( a bo>d$-ov] ceil+1 a brace & bit1 or a nail1 c be us$ = ! purpose4 ,if %y ( an awl1 & 9 pref]5ce ! o!r two ways1 =ce or drive a *isel 7cold *isel or wood7 9 betwe5 a tongue & groove ( ! ceil+ bo>ds 9 /r+] space 7,fig4 #ch7 ,e or ,f1 & ?us spr+ ! bo>ds suffici5tly ap>t to ins]t a compass saw4 ,) ! extremity ( a #ab-;in* saw a v little cutt+ 7along ! tongue & groove1 z ?is %[s lea/7 w enable y to locate a beam1 s9ce !y g5]ally run #h1 #ab1 #af1 #bj1 #bd & #cj in*es ap>t4 ,always1 on locat+ y\r beam1 run ! po9t ( y\r compass saw d[n ! :ole ( ! timb]'s wid?1 s t any nail$-on pieces w n lead y into a false e/imate ( ! beam's ?ickness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,figs4 #dj & #da make ?is po9t & its object cle>4 ,! saw1 9 ,fig4 #dj1 be+ /opp$ by ,a1 naturally leads to ! inf]5ce t ,a ,b is ! timb]'s ?ickness4 ,by runn+ d[n ! timb]1 z 9 ,fig4 #da1 ! saw's po9t /ick+ at a acts z a sure detector4 ,?is precaution %\ld be tak5 on bo? sides 7,b & ,a7 ( ! timb]1 & !n1 :5 ! lags are screw$ 91 !y c be s5t home safe & true 9 ! c5t] ( ! timb]4 ,x (t5 happ5s t 9 bor+ = ! lag screws ! bit /rikes a nail & fur!r progress at t po9t seems out ( ! "q4 ,:5 s situat$1 take y\r bit out1 & runn+ ! lag screw up z f> z x w g1 by %e] =ce sw+ x ?ree or f\r turns up fur!r ?an ! po9t :]e y\r bit /ruck4 ,remov+ ! lag & replac+ ! bit1 x w be f\nd t ! nail has be5 =c$ aside & ! way is n[ cle>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,hook bolts 7,fig4 #db7 or--z our across-!-sea c\s9s call !m--elb[ bolts1 despite all ass]tions to ! contr>y1 are an easy1 safe & economical /r+] fa/5] or susp5d+ device4 ,figs4 #dc & #dd illu/rate two v common abuses ( ! hook bolt4 ,9 ! "o 7,fig4 #dc71 in/ead ( ! bolt prop] ly+ snug up aga9/ ! beam flange ) ! :ole ( its hook re/+ squ>ely ^u ! beam's flange1 its support+ c\nt]%aft is turn$ into a m5ace to limb & life by ?is *ance x k9d ( erection4 ,9 ! o!r 7,fig4 #dd71 ?\gh ! bolts d lie snug aga9/ ! flange1 ! hook be+ out ( sight & no means be+ provid$ = tell+ :e!r ! hook lies1 z x %\ld1 at "r angles to ! web ( ! beam1 ev5 if prop]ly plac$ at in/allation1 timb] %r9kage1 vibration or a slight turn ( ! bolt :5 tight5+ ! nut1 all con/itute dang]\s factors t5d+ to loos5 or entirely loos5 ! hook's grip ^u ! beam flange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,fig4 #dc sugge/s its own rem$y4 ,z to ,fig4 #dd1 a screwdriv] slot 7made by a hacksaw7 at ! nut end ( ! hook bolt & runn+ 9 ! same direction z ! hook1 ,fig4 #de1 w at all times s]ve to indicate ! hook's position &1 all[+ z x does ( a comb9$ use ( screwdriv] & wr5*1 x c be us$ to prev5t ! bolt's turn+ :5 be+ tight5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,:]e two or m hook bolts are plac$ close toge!r on ! same beam flange1 a plate1 pref]ably wr\ght iron ) prop]ly spac$ conf9+ p9s = ! hooks1 may be plac$ betwe5 ! beam flange & ! hooks z 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,its b5efits are obvi\s & s likewise is ! use ( a small1 squ>e1 wr\ght-iron plate ) a bolt hole ?r\gh its c5t] in/ead ( hook bolts4 ,! v>i\s /yles ( beam clamps c>ri$ by ! h>dw>e & supply trade all h _! good po9ts1 & ?\gh ! ,c ( _! co/ may seem to loom l>ge1 x is n a :it m emphatic1 tak5 all 9 all1 ?an ! ,w ( _! wor?4 ,,iv ,,tru+ ,,up ,,l9e ,,%aft+ ,,x is assum$1 = ! purposes ( ?is description1 t ! mod]n /yle ( %aft+1 increas+ 9 diamet] by ! #a_/b in*1 is us$1 & t all pulleys & belts are 9 place4 ,we w take a l9e compos$ ( sizes rang+ betwe5 #c-ae_/af & #b-g_/af in*es4 ,?is gives u f\r sizes1 #c-ae_/af1 #c-g_/af1 #b-ae_/af & #b-g_/af in*es 9 ! l9e4 ,we w fir/ consid] ! plumb-bob4 ,! accompany+ sket*1 ,fig4 #dg1 illu/rates a good "o4 ,! ball is #a-a_/b in*es diamet]1 & ! l>ge end ( ! tap]$ /em #a_/b in* 9 diamet]1 turn$ p>allel = a %ort di/ance at ! l[] end4 ,! two ?9 %eet-/eel disks1 #a & #b in*es 9 diamet]1 are drill$ to fit snugly :5 pu%$ on to ! #a_/b-;in* "p ( ! /em1 & /ay !re until pull$ (f4 ,^! disks are turn$ true4 ,?is arrangem5t ( plumb-bob & disks enables u to deal ) five sizes on "o l9e1 & !re are n _m l9es t conta9 m4 ,n[ hav+ our plumb-bob ready1 we w /ret* ! l9e4 ,! /ret*]s %\ld be set horizontally by nail+ a /rip ( wood1 say #a #a-a_/b #ab in*es1 ) a piece at ea* end to =m a space betwe5 x & ! wall1 or place ( location 9 l9e ) ! edge ( ! %aft1 z 9 ,fig4 #dh4 ,! top ( ?is /ret*] %\ld be l[ en\gh to cle> ! l>ge/ pulley1 & high en\gh to cle> ! hat ( y\r talle/ man4 ,y w\ld p]haps f9d x conv5i5t to g betwe5 ! spokes ( a l>ge pulley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,n[ hav+ locat$ y\r /ret*]1 f9d approximately ! position ( y\r l9e1 & drive a nail a foot or m bel[ x 9 a v]tical l9e1 & ano!r nail any:]e = conv5i5t w9d+4 ,! advantage ( ?is plan is t ! l9e c be easily adju/$ z x m]ely passes ov] ! /ret*]1 & is free to respond to movem5t ei!r way2 !n :5 ! f9al adju/m5t is made1 & is ready = its f9al /ret*1 x is only necess>y to p9* ! l9e to ! nail ) "o h&1 :ile ! o!r is at lib]ty to unw9d1 /ret* & rew9d ! l9e )\t fe> ( its %ift+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,! l9e be+ adju/$ ov] ! /ret*]s1 we w n[ proce$ to set x4 ,beg9 at ! #b-g_/af-;in* end1 by ?r[+ y\r plumb l9e ov] ! %aft & sett+ y\r l9e at t end1 "r ) ! c5t] po9t ( y\r bob4 ,hav+ done s1 g to ! o!r or #c-ae_/af end ( y\r l9e1 & set ! l9e s t ! edge ( ! ball ( y\r bob j t\*es x4 ,n[ g back to ! #b-g_/af end & see t ! necess>y adju/m5t did n alt] x4 ,hav+ prov$ ?is1 give y\r l9e ! f9al /ret* & try if x is "r at bo? ends4 ,y n[ h a c5t] l9e 7?\gh ! edge in/ead ( ! c5t] ( ! %aft is us$7 t may rema9 up = days if necess>y )\t fe> ( di/urbance4 ,x is be/ to g ov] ! :ole l9e fir/1 be=e di/urb+ any?+2 s />t+ at ! fir/ hang] at ! #b-g_/af-;in* end1 ?r[ y\r plumb l9e ov] ! %aft1 & record on ! floor 9 *alk b5ea? x :e!r x is ,o4 ,k4 or wants to g ei!r way1 & h[ mu*2 !n g to ! next hang]1 & s on to ! end4 ,a %ort /udy ( ! conditions enables "o to correct ! faults1 ) a k ( ! requirem5ts1 & consequ5tly 9 ! lea/ "t & ) ! lea/ tr\ble4 ,n[ suppose we />t at ! #b-g_/af-;in* end to inspect ! l9e1 we use ! c5t] po9t ( ! bob on ! l9e s long z we are te/+ #b-g_/af in*es4 ,:5 we get to ! #b-ae_/af-;in* "p1 :i* is #a_/b in* l>g]1 we use ! half diamet] ( ! /em1 ! edge ( :i* %\ld j t\* ! l9e4 ,:5 we come to ! #c-g_/af-;in* "p1 #a in* l>g] ?an #b-g_/af1 we use ! #a-;in* disk1 slip x on to ! /em1 & :5 x j t\*es ! l9e ) its edge x is ,o4 ,k4 ,! #c-ae_/af-;in*1 be+ #a-a_/b in*es l>g] ?an ! #b-g_/af-;in*1 w be "r :5 ! ball ( ! bob is 9 light contact ) ! l9e4 ,! #b-;in* disk w\ld be suitable = ! next size1 & o!r disks or modifications ( ! bob prop] might be made to suit circum/ances4 ,n[ hav+ /raight5$ ! l9e1 ! next process is to level x4 ,z 9 "s cases y\r pulleys w be too close to place y\r level :]e y want1 make a light iron frame z p] ,fig4 #di1 mak+ ! susp5d+ memb]s ( suffici5t l5g? to admit ( y\r read+ ! level conv5i5tly :5 /&+ on ! floor4 ,hang y\r frame on ! %aft1 & put y\r level on ! /raight-edge bel[2 9 ?is way travel along ! %aft1 plac+ y\r frame :]e conv5i5t4 ,be sure t "o end ( y\r frame does n re/ on a %aft ( diff]5t diamet]1 a key1 keyseat1 or any?+ to di/ort ! read+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,nev] be cont5t ) try+ y\r level1 especially an adju/+ level1 "o way2 always rev]se x & try aga92 = if x is out ( tru? at ! />t1 y might want to g ?r\gh ! ro( or d[n cell> at ! f9i%4 ,get into a habit ( rev]s+ y\r level1 & s prove y\r "w z y proce$4 ,v ,,app>atus ,,= ,,level+ ,,& ,,l9+ ,,%aft+ ,,! fir/ app>atus expla9$ 9 ?is *apt] 0 design$ by ! late ,*as4 ,a4 ,bau]1 & is a highly p]fect$ in/rum5t4 ,= ^? :o h l9$ & level$ %aft+ ) an eng9e]'s transit & level x is unnecess>y to say any?+ ( ! advantages ( t me?od ov] ! crud] me?ods usually employ$4 ,x is n only done mu* m rapidly & economically1 b ! great] accuracy ) :i* ! "w is done goes on pay+ divid5ds 9 decreas$ friction & loss ( p[] & 9 less5+ ( we>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,! app>atus we n[ illu/rate 7,fig4 #ej7 has at ! top a hook1 :i* is pass$ ov] ! %aft1 z indicat$2 on ! /raight portion ( ?is hook are two slid+ jaws :i* are s set t ! %aft w j pass betwe5 !m4 ,set into ! face ( ?is hook is a comm]cial #f-;in* /eel rule :i* facilitates ! sett+ ( ! jaws1 & !y are ( c\rse s set t ! tubul> portion ( ! hook or level+ rod is c5t]$ v]tically "u ! %aft4 ,)9 ! out] tube1 :i* is ab\t #a in* outside diamet] & nicely japann$1 is ano!r tube1 & inside ?is a ?ird tube1 ^! be+ arrang$ la telescope slide1 & clamps be+ provid$ s t ! l5g? or di/ance f ! %aft+ to ! t>get may be any?+ desir$ f #d to ab\t #aj feet4 ,at ! l[] end ( ! ?ird or inn] tube is a swivel+ head to :i* ! t>get is atta*$1 & nurl$ nuts at ?is po9t give means ( adju/+ ! sight+ po9t ( ! t>get to ! exact hight ( ! transit or level sight+ l9e4 ,! t>get is a brass plate #e-a_/b in*es diamet]1 on ! face ( :i* is a recess mill$ = ! reception ( a second comm]cial /eel rule1 :i* 9 ?is case is v]tical & c be mov$ v]tically & clamp$ 9 any desir$ position ) ref]5ce to a l9e drawn ^u ! t>get4 ,at ! c5t] ( ?is scale is a v small hole ?r\gh :i* ! light ( a h& fla% lamp may %9e to =m ! sight+ po9t4 ,! slot ?r\gh ! t>get at ! "r ( ! scale is provid$ ) a s+le ?ickness ( :ite clo?1 :i* p]mits en\gh light to pass ?r\gh x to help 9 f9d+ ! t>get 9 ! field ( ! telescope4 ,! object ( provid+ a v]tical adju/m5t = ! rule on ! t>get is s t :5 pass+ f "o diamet] ( %aft+ to ano!r 9 ! same l9e1 z sometimes happ5s1 ! scale c be mov$ up or d[n j half ! diff]5ce ( diamet] & ! sight+ po9t ?us be kept at a con/ant hight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,! t>get is readily deta*$ f ! rod1 & may !n be plac$ ^u ! small /&>d 7,fig4 #ea7 :i* has at its base a ,v adapt$ to g ov] ! %aft4 ,! /&>d is tubul> & ! wire 7ab\t #a_/h in* diamet]7 may be adju/$ & clamp$ at ! desir$ hight4 ,! t>get fits ov] ! wire z %[n 7re> view ( t>get7 = level+ l9es ( %aft+ t may be ne> ! floor1 or1 ) ! t>get remov$1 ! ,v & wire =m a sort ( l5g? gage or calip] ) :i* ! %aft may be made p>allel to a l9e or wire /ret*$ at ! side ( x4 ,two diff]5t l5g?s ( wire are provid$ = ?is purpose4 ,! plumb-bob %[n is "p ( ! equipm5t & is a v sup]ior article4 ,a new feature x possesses is 9 hav+ its l>g] portion hexagonal in/ead ( r\nd1 s :5 laid d[n ^u a plank or scaffold+ x w lie !re in/ead ( promptly roll+ (f & fall+ to ! floor4 ,! entire app>atus is1 we ?9k1 v well design$ = its purpose4 ,,tool ,,= ,,level+ ,,%aft+ ,! in/rum5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #eb is a good "o = use 9 level+ up %aft+4 ,x c be made to fit sev]al sizes ( %aft1 or all ! sizes ord9>ily f\nd 9 a factory4 ,:5 ! in/rum5t is plac$ on any piece ( %aft & level$ up ) ! atta*$ level1 ! plumb l9e w hang exactly ! same di/ance f ! %aft c5t] e "t4 ,9 ?is case ! di/ance ( l9e f c5t] is #f in*es4 ,a h&y app>atus = use 9 level+ up long l9es ( %aft c be made z foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,take two pieces ( f9i%$ mat]ial1 fa/5 toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #ec & cut out z %[n at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #ed4 ,! op5+ ,a is made s t ! piece c be hung ov] ! %aft1 & ! op5+ ,b is made = ! reception ( a wood5 /raight-edge4 ,make ! /raight-edge out ( #a-a_/d-;in* /uff4 ,be sure t ! edges are p>allel1 ! wid? j en\gh less ?an ! wid? ( op5+ ,b1 ,fig4 #ee1 to ent] x1 & ! l5g? #f or #h feet1 to suit conv5i5ce4 ,use ! app>atus ) a level1 z 9 ,fig4 #ee1 tak+ c>e t ! susp5sion pieces are always on ! same size %aft4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,,vi ,,"s ,,practical ,,k9ks#d ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,a ,,pulley on "o ( ! motors at a c]ta9 plant _h be5 giv+ "s tr\ble by becom+ loose & work+ its way along ! %aft t[>d ! motor be>+4 ,ea* "t ! pulley became loose1 ! set-screw 0 loos5$1 ! pulley put back 9 position1 ! set-screw made tight & ! motor />t$4 ,aft] a few trials x 0 f\nd t ?is w\ld n prev5t ! pulley f work+ its way along ! %aft4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ?is difficulty ! pulley 0 plac$ 9 its prop] position1 a l9e 0 drawn ar\nd ! %aft close to ! hub &1 aft] ! l9e 0 scrib$1 ! pulley 0 remov$ & ! %aft 0 burr$ ^u ! l9e z %[n at ,b1 ,fig4 #ef4 ,! pulley 0 !n put back & driv5 close up to ! burr$ l9e1 ! set-screw made tight & ! pulley is n[ runn+ )\t any app>5t t5d5cy to travel f its prop] position4 ,x w be se5 t ! position ( ! set-screw z indicat$ by ! l9e at ,a is a poor "o & calculat$ to give pl5ty ( tr\ble at ! mo/ inopportune "t4 #d ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,wm4 ,kavanagh4 ,n long ago a ca/-iron pulley _h to move along a c\nt]%aft 9 ord] to make room = a pulley ( ano!r diamet]4 ,! pulley _h n be5 on ! %aft long1 s x 0 ?\ght t little "w w\ld be requir$ to move x4 ,a heavy b> 0 plac$ aga9/ ! hub & a sl$ge hamm] 0 us$ to /rike ! b>4 ,aft] an h\r & a half ( heavy "w ! pulley 0 n mov$ ov] #a in* 7x _h to be mov$ #af in*es71 s x 0 sugge/$ t a ,buns5 burn] be atta*$ to a gas pipe by means ( a hose & plac$ b5ea? ! hub4 ,! plan 0 imm$iately adopt$4 ,! burn] 0 plac$ b5ea? ! hub1 ! gas lit & all[$ to heat ! hub4 ,aft] ab\t tw5ty-five m9utes x 0 f\nd t a bl[ f ! b> 0 suffici5t to move ! pulley4 ,! pulley 0 mov$ ! #af in*es inside ( tw5ty m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,a v h&y arrangem5t = mov+ pulleys is a bolt & nut4 ,fig4 #eg %[s ! bolt & nut ) a piece ( pipe atta*$4 ,a piece ( pipe c be cut to suit ! di/ance betwe5 ! nut & hub ( "o pulley :ile ! bolt head is aga9/ ! o!r hub4 ,! nut is screw$ back ^u ! bolt z f> z possible4 ,a wa%] is !n plac$ aga9/ ! nut1 & a piece ( pipe cut to suit4 ,( c\rse1 ! pipe mu/ be l>ge en\gh 9 diamet] to fit ov] ! bolt4 ,if we screw back ^u ! nut1 a p[]ful /ra9 c be br\ght to be> betwe5 ! hubs & 9 all probability ! pulley w move4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4 ,9 tak+ d[n solid pulleys f ma9 or c\nt] %aft+ x sometimes happ5s t a hang] mu/ be remov$ to p]mit ! pulley to be tak5 (f4 ,a fir/-rate plan is to make a c\ple ( long bolts hook$ at ! end z %[n 9 ,fig #eh2 pass ! hook ar\nd ! %aft & ! ?read$ end ?r\gh a hole 9 ! /r+]4 ,by screw+ up ! nut z %[n1 ! %aft & rema9+ pulleys c be kept 9 position1 obviat+ ! use ( tackle1 n to m5tion ! labor requir$ to hoi/ back ! %aft into position4 ,! application ( ?is contrivance is especially valuable :]e heavy cone pulleys are requir$ to be l[]$ or *ang$4 ,x w be se5 t if we employ a pipe ?read we w be enabl$ to suit almo/ any condition ( l5g? t may arise betwe5 ! %aft & /r+]4 ,,vii ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,loos5+ ,,pulleys ,,:5 a solid pulley is to be remov$ f a piece ( %aft = any reason1 x is n good policy to use sl$ge hamm]s on ! spokes or hub to d x4 ,ca/ iron 9 pulleys is too liable to break or crack "u repeat$ bl[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4 ,9 ,fig4 #ei "o ready me?od is illu/rat$ by :i* ! pulley may be remov$4 ,:5 a place betwe5 two walls c be f\nd t w admit ( ?is arrangem5t1 proce$ z %[n to =ce ! %aft ?r\gh ! pulley1 sub/itut+ long] pieces ( pipe z ! %aft is =c$ ?r\gh f>!r4 ,9 "o case :]e a l>ge pulley 0 /uck on a #g-;in* %aft & its removal 0 imp]ative1 ! %aft 0 saw$ (f 7) l>ge hack-saws7 close up to ! pulley hub & two #e_/h-;in* holes 7 drill$ into ! %aft p>allel to its axis1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fj4 ,^! holes 7 drill$ s t !y 7 #ij degrees ap>t & came )9 #a_/af-;in* ( ! hub ( ! pulley4 ,! hub 0 #ad in*es ?r\gh & ^! holes 7 #h in*es deep2 b t 0 en\gh to loos5 up ! %aft s t :5 ! pulley 0 laid ov] on beams ) ! %aft hang+ ?r\gh1 a sl$ge hamm] appli$ on ! %aft end soon drove x out4 ,ano!r way to remove a pulley is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa1 :]e a ram is us$4 ,! ram is ano!r piece ( old %aft4 ,to prev5t its damag+ ! pulley hub & also to h its =ce appli$ mo/ advantage\sly1 x %\ld be us$ 9 a direct l9e ) ! direction ( removal4 ,to d ?is1 ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa is self-explanatory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 ,ano!r good me?od ( remov+ an obdurate pulley is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fb1 :]e ! bolts ,w1 ,w mu/ h long ?reads & ! "w is done by pull+ up on ! nuts ,a1 ,a4 ,?is me?od c be us$ only :5 ! end ( ! %aft c be rea*$ & us$ z %[n4 ,9 us+ ?is me?od1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! pull+ up on ! bolts ,w1 ,w1 keep+ ! /ra9 equally divid$ betwe5 ! two by pull+ a little at a "t on ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,if ! pulley comes extra h>d1 x c be assi/$ :5 ! /ra9 is on ! bolts by /rik+ at ,x ) a sl$ge4 ,a good device = remov+ motor & g5]ator pulleys t are ne> ! %aft end is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fc4 ,! arms ,z1 ,z are adju/able to take hold ( hub or arms1 & ! screw appli$ to ! %aft c5t] w d ! re/4 ,to run a pulley (f a %aft )\t injury to ! h&s1 use a monkey wr5* on ! rim ( ea* pulley1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fd4 ,"o pulley on ! %aft c be select$ = a hold-back2 "o monkey wr5* !re w hold ! %aft f turn+1 :ile ! o!r w turn ar\nd ! %aft ! pulley :i* x is int5d$ to remove4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,,viii ,,splic+ ,,lea!r ,,belts#e ,,! fir/ ?+ is ! tools = ! diff]5t k9ds ( "w4 ,^! may be usually *ang$ some:at to suit ! ta/e ( ! us]1 b 9 ! ma9 ! /yle & k9d h]e9 %[n 9 atta*$ draw+s _c be v mu* improv$ ^u4 #e ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,walt] ,e4 ,dixon1 ,m4 ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4 ,figs4 #fe & #ff %[ a splice op5] = heavy belts4 ,x is made ( #a_/b-;in* tool /eel ) ! po9t spread out ab\t #b in*es wide & well temp]$1 aft] :i* x is gr\nd to a good %>p edge1 & !n an oil /one run ov] ! edge until x has be5 dull$ s t x w n cut4 ,! "r k9d ( an edge c only be secur$ by try+2 x is "o ( ! tools t is v h>d to get j "r4 ,y w notice t ! mann] 9 :i* ?is splitt] is built may seem to be r too mu* "w to be/[ on su* a simple tool1 b ! reasons = s do+ are z foll[s3 9 op5+ a #cf-;in* belt an old splice op5] t 0 driv5 into ! h&le l an ord9>y file 0 us$ & ! h&le split2 t %>p po9t came back ?r\gh ! h&le1 & :5 x f9ally /opp$ x _h gone ab\t #b in*es into ! palm ( ! op]ator's h&4 ,"s #a_/b-;in* hexagon /eel 0 turn$ d[n #f in*es1 j en\gh to r\nd x up2 !n a solid brass wa%] 0 turn$ out #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet] & #a in* ?ick1 a hole bor$ ?r\gh x t 0 a driv+ fit on ! piece ( /eel & 0 driv5 d[n to ! %\ld]4 ,wa%]s 7 cut out ( old pieces ( belt & put on ) a lib]al coat ( glue on bo? sides2 :5 ! h&le 0 fill$1 a /eel wa%] :i* 0 #a_/b in* ?ick 0 screw$ d[n h>d on ! lea!r wa%]s1 & :5 x _h dri$ well ! :ole 0 turn$ d[n to size %[n 9 ! sket*4 ,two ( ^! tools 7 made1 "o = belts up to #ah in*es1 & ano!r t w rea* ?r\gh a #dj-;in* belt4 ,! tool %[n 9 ,fig4 #fg is an ord9>y heavy screwdriv] ) ! po9t r\nd$ nicely1 & x is us$ to raise ! ?9 po9ts t ! l>g] tool w sometimes te>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,fig4 #fh %[s a h&le made almo/ l ! "o 9 ,fig4 #fe1 ) ! exception t ! brass wa%] ref]r$ to 9 ,fig4 #fe is "h turn$ d[n to #c_/d in*1 comm5c+ #a_/b in* f ! l>ge end1 :i* is #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,! lea!r wa%]s are slipp$ on ov] ! small "p until x is fill$1 & !n a wa%] is screw$ on ! small end & ! :ole turn$ z %[n 9 ! sket*4 ,a hole t w tap out #c_/h in* is bor$ 9 ! l>ge end ( ! brass c5t]1 & !n tools made ) ?read$ ends on !m t w fit into x4 ,^! tools are made ( #c_/h-;in* tool /eel ) scrap+ ends1 z %[n4 ,^! scrap]s are us$ only = remov+ glue t is too h>d & too ?ick to be remov$ by ! scrap] %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi;a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi;b4 ,figs4 #fi1 #fi;a & #fi;b %[ views ( ! only tool t is h>dly wor? be+ ref]r$ to z a lea!r-cutt+ tool4 ,x is made ( a ?9 piece ( /eel1 ab\t #ah gage1 or any old h&-saw w make ! v be/ scrap]s t c be secur$4 ,!y %\ld be ab\t #d in*es squ>e1 p]haps a little small]1 & fix$ 9 a h>dwood h&le 7usually ( h>d maple71 simply by saw+ ab\t #b-a_/b in*es into ! h&le & !n driv+ ! blade 94 ,! saw cut %\ld be j a trifle ?9n] ?an ! piece ( /eel4 ,%\ld !y get loose f use1 a piece ( pap] fold$ ov] ! back ( ! blade & =c$ back into ! h&le ) ! blade w usually tight5 x all "r4 ,?is is ! tool t w ord9>ily worry ! novice m ?an all ! re/ to keep 9 prop] condition4 ,fig4 #gj %[s an exagg]at$ view ( h[ ! blade %\ld look :5 prop]ly f9i%$4 ,x %\ld be hook$ consid]ably4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4 ,fig4 #ga %[s a small /eel = %>p5+ ! scrap] aft] x is turn$1 & x %\ld be absolutely smoo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,fig4 #gb %[s ! equipm5t = turn+ ! edge ( ! scrap]s4 ,a l>ge ?ree-corn]$ file1 ab\t #ab in*es long1 :i* has all ! tee? gr\nd c>efully (f ( x & !n nicely poli%$1 is fa/5$ to a piece ( good clean belt lea!r by means ( ! /aples %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,fig4 #gc %[s ! me?od employ$ 9 turn+ ! edge ( ! scrap]1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,aft] ! blade has be5 set firmly 9 ! h&le1 gr9d ! edge r\nd+1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi2 !n gr9d %>p ) a good long tap] ( ab\t #c_/h1 & gr9d f bo? sides j z y w\ld an ord9>y axe4 ,aft] y h a good smoo? edge on x1 put x on an oil or wat] /one & put z f9e an edge z possible on x1 !n put on a smoo? piece ( lea!r & hone x d[n until x w\ld %ave y4 ,y w !n h a tool t w d a _w ( "w = y1 if y w turn x "r4 ,! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #gc1 if prop]ly c>ri$ out1 w d ! trick = y2 ! ?+ to be rememb]$ is t at no "t 9 ! turn+ ( ! scrap] mu/ ! cutt+ edge be> on ! smoo? file4 ,! fir/ position is n %[n "r2 ! h&le %\ld be all[$ to t\* ! file ! fir/ few times x is pass$ ov]1 & !n gradually raise ! h&le & keep on pass+ ! blade f side to side1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gd2 all[+ x to slip (f on ! lea!r e "t y cross ! file2 ?is is to keep ! corn]s 9 prop] %ape4 ,ano!r ?+ to rememb] is to be> d[n on ! blade z x is pass$ ov] ! file2 y c't be> too h>d2 ! only ?+ to look out = is n to raise ! h&le too fa/4 ,an ord9>y blade c be turn$ 9 ab\t fifty /rokes across ! file4 ,! edge turn$ ov] %\ld be at lea/ #a_/af in* long & %\ld be well hook$1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 ,x is well to keep on h& ab\t six ( ^! scrap]s1 & z !y get too dull to cut lea!r use !m on glue4 ,) "o good scrap] t is n too %>p all ! glue c be clean$ (f ( bo? po9ts ( a #cf-;in* belt 9 f five to t5 m9utes4 ,:5 ! edge gets a trifle dull1 use ! small /eel on bo? sides ( ! edge2 fir/ wet ! /eel ) ! lips1 x makes a mu* bett] edge4 ,= ! b5efit ( beg9n]s :o may attempt to splice a belt = ! fir/ "t1 d n use a glue t w n all[ y to remove ! clamps & put on ! full load 9 =ty-five m9utes aft] ! glue has be5 appli$ & well rubb$ d[n4 ,! "t giv5 "h applies only to clean belts t are absolutely free f all oils1 & does n include old oil-soak$ lea!r t no glue w ev] dry on4 ,fig4 #ge %[s ! equipm5t necess>y to d a good1 quick job on a belt1 & mo/ ( !m are requir$ to be done quickly & well4 ,) su* an outfit & half-doz5 %>p scrap]s a jo9t 9 a #cf-;in* belt c be made & run aga9 9 f\r h\rs aft] ! eng9e is /opp$4 ,?is includes all ! "t consum$ 9 putt+ on & tak+ (f ! clamps1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4 ,! top ( ! plat=m1 #gf;d1 is level ) ! bottom ( ! belt & is held 9 position by ! hooks1 #gf;b1 :i* are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ge & #gf4 ,^! hooks slip ov] ! #bd-;in* pieces t project outside ! plat=m to :i* !y are atta*$1 & %\ld be made ( ?ree-qu>t] iron & n too long1 or "s difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ !m on ! two-by-f\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,! rods %\ld be long en\gh to take c>e ( ! longe/ possible splice & /ill give pl5ty ( room to "w4 ,!re %\ld be ab\t #b-a_/b feet betwe5 ! inside ends ( ! ?reads & ! ?read$ end %\ld be #c feet long4 ,?is w make ! rod #h feet #f in*es long1 & x w be none too long at t4 ,= in/ance1 9 remov+ ! glue f ! splice1 if ! la/ end po9t is v close to ! clamp1 !re w be great difficulty 9 clean+ x & also 9 fitt+ ! lea!r aft] ! belt has be5 %ort5$4 ,:at is meant by ! head end splice is ! "o t is on ! pulley fir/--! arr[s 9 ,figs4 #gg & #gh w make ?is cle>3 !y indicate ! direction 9 :i* ! belt %\ld run2 !re=e t end ( ! piece ( lea!r t is on ! pulley fir/ is ! head end 7or fir/ end7 & ! end t leaves ! pulley la/ is ! la/ end4 ,if ! two belts %[n 9 ! sket* 7 rev]s$1 ! po9ts w\ld be turn$ up by ev]y?+ t t\*$ !m2 :]eas1 runn+ 9 ! direction t !y d1 ev]y?+ t t\*es !m has a t5d5cy to rub !m d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4 ,we w suppose t ! belt %[n 9 ,fig4 #ge _h a fir/ end po9t t op5$ on ! top ( ! belt in/ead ( ! bottom z ?is "o does 7see left-h& end ( belt betwe5 ! clamps1 on ! l[] side72 "o c easily see h[ h>d x w\ld be to "w if ! clamp 7 ne> ! po9t4 ,!re %\ld always be en\gh room betwe5 ! clamps to all[ ! splic] to take ! la/ end 7:i* is always ! =k$ end71 c>ry x entirely ov] ! clamp t[>d ! left 9 ,fig4 #ge1 lay x d[n on t "p ( ! belt t is outside ! clamp & slip an extra splic+ bo>d "u x4 ,fa/5 ! two belts & splic+ bo>d all toge!r by means ( a c\ple ( #h-;in* h&-screws 7( :i* e belt splic] %\ld h at lea/ six or eight72 !n clean & %ape x to suit ! o!r end4 ,x c be pass$ back ov] ! clamp f "t to "t & tri$ = a fit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4 ,! prop] mode ( proc$ure 9 splic+ a belt on ! pulleys is z foll[s3 ,decide on :]e ! belt is to be op5$1 & always op5 x 9 ! wor/ place 9 ! belt = t is ! place y c]ta9ly want to fix4 ,pay no att5tion :atev] to any =m] splic+ place t may be 9 ! belt1 b take x ap>t at any place :]e y are sure repairs are actually necess>y4 ,fir/ put 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t place possible ! po9t t y h decid$ to op5 & !n put ! clamps 9 position4 ,if y are sure t x is go+ to require v h>d pull+ to get x z tight z y wi%1 take a damp clo?1 moi/5 ! inside ( ! clamps & !n spr9kle p[d]$ res9 on bo? upp] & l[] clamp4 ,put ! fir/ end clamp on fir/1 z ?is is always ! easie/ po9t to clean & fit2 decide h[ mu* y w h to take out1 or z ne> z possible1 measure (f ?is am\nt on ! belt & place ! clamp ?is di/ance plus ab\t #aj in*es f ! fir/ end po9t4 ,?is extra #aj in*es w give y pl5ty ( room to clean ! glue (f & also to %ort5 up ! belt ! "r am\nt1 = all ! %ort5+ mu/ be done on ! fir/ end po9t on acc\nt ( ! ease ) :i* ! new sc>f c be made4 ,%\ld y try to %ort5 up f ! la/ end po9t1 by ref]r+ to ,fig4 #gh1 y c easily see ! am\nt ( "w y w\ld be 9 =4 ,!re w\ld be two ?9 ends to sc>f1 & outside ends at t2 :]eas if y %ort5 up f ! fir/ end y make only "o ?9 end & t "o 9 ! inside ( ! belt4 ,! fir/ clamp1 ) ! c5t] m>k ( ! clamp co9cid+ ) ! c5t] ( ! belt1 %\ld be v tight2 = %\ld x slip :5 ! load is put on1 x w v probably slip 9 ! middle ( ! belt & may n slip on ! edges at all4 ,%\ld y glue x 9 ?is condition1 ! *ances are v mu* 9 favor ( ! outside edges giv+ away on a heavy load1 due to ! middle be+ too long4 ,aft] ! fir/ clamp is 9 position & tight5$1 put on ! second "o & leave ! bolts loose1 s t x c be slipp$ easily4 ,!n put ! belt rods 9 position ) j a full nut on ea* end & tight5 ! clamp4 ,tight5 ! rods en\gh to take mo/ ( ! load1 !n get ! l>ge splitt] %[n 9 ,figs4 #fe & #ff & op5 ! jo9t4 ,! place to comm5ce is betwe5 ,x ,x 9 ,fig4 #ge2 ?is incl9$ po9t is ab\t #d in*es long & mu/ be op5$ at bo? ends ( ! splice be=e ! middle is t\*$4 ,! tool %\ld be ent]$ at ,o1 9 ,fig4 #gh1 & work$ gradually t[>d ,a2 :5 ! po9t is rais$ to ,a cle> across ! belt1 op5 on d[n to ,c4 ,aft] bo? ends ( ! splice h be5 op5$ up 9 ?is way1 proce$ to op5 ! middle1 :i* is n[ an easy task1 !re be+ no ?9 /ock t a sep>at+ tool w pass ?r\gh easily4 ,aft] ! belt is entirely ap>t tight5 up on ! rods until ! belt is ! prop] t5sion & hang ! hooks 7#gf;b1 ,fig4 #ge7 on ! belt rods4 ,?r[ ! two ends ( ! belt back ov] ! clamp & put ! splic+ bo>d 9 position4 ,aft] ?is is 9 place1 ?r[ ! two ends ( ! belt back on ! bo>d & proce$ to lay (f ! sc>fs4 ,to d ?is1 fir/ take a squ>e & get ! two ?9 po9ts p]fectly squ>e1 !n put ! fir/ end po9t 9 betwe5 !m4 ,?is is %[n v cle>ly 9 ,fig4 #gg1 ! %ad$ end be+ ! la/ end4 ,( c\rse ! fir/ end po9t at ,c1 ,fig4 #gg1 w h to be cut (f be=e ! belt w lie d[n prop]ly2 ! am\nt to cut (f ( ?is end w be j z mu* z y h %ort5$ ! di/ance betwe5 ! clamps4 ,aft] ! po9t has be5 cut to ! "r l5g?1 take ! squ>e & make a m>k across ! belt1 us+ ! end ( ! ?9 po9t z y\r measure = l5g?2 !n )\t mov+ ! belt make a m>k on ! edge ( ! belt1 %[+ j :]e ! l[] ?9 po9t came on ! bottom4 ,?r[ ! la/ end ov] ! left-h& clamp out ( ! way & sc>f d[n ! top ( ! fir/ end po9t1 lett+ ! sc>f be ab\t #d in*es long4 ,be c>eful n to g\ge a hole 9 ! belt :]e ! sc>f is />t$1 b try to make ! incl9$ plane f ,x to ,x p]fect2 try to keep ! :ole surface ( ?is incl9e true & /raight4 ,aft] ! %ort #d-;in* sc>f is f9i%$1 clean ! glue (f ( ! inside ( ! fir/ end2 lap up to :]e x ent]s ! la/ end2 !n turn x ov] by br++ x ov] ! "r-h& clamp1 place a sc>f+ bo>d "u x & make ! sc>f %[n at ,t1 ,fig4 #ge4 ,n[ clean all glue (f ! la/ end lap & take a %>p scrap] l ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi or #fi;b1 place a piece ( glass "u ! po9ts t h be5 previ\sly squ>$ up1 & sc>f !m d[n to a knife-edge4 ,aft] ! ?9 po9ts are prop]ly sc>f$1 lay ! :ole splice back on ! splic+ bo>d j z x w be :5 x is glu$1 & d any fitt+ t may be necess>y4 ,be v c>eful to get x ?9 en\gh1 or x w make a hamm]+ noise :5 go+ ov] ! pulleys4 ,:5 sc>f+ d[n ! ?9 po9ts ) ! scrap]s1 be sure t !y are v %>p2 if n1 !y w te> ! po9t (f :5 x gets d[n to an edge2 also give ! blade a draw+ motion 9 ord] to facilitate cutt+4 ,x may seem to ! novice t to use a piece ( glass to sc>f on1 :5 "o is us+ a tool ) a razor edge1 is a trifle inconsi/5t1 b x is n s 9 ! lea/2 if ! blade is held well back at ! top & a consid]able pressure appli$ to x1 !re w be no dang] 9 ! edge actually t\*+ ! glass2 ! edge is turn$ pa/ a "r-angul> position1 or hook$1 & ! heel is all t t\*es ! glass4 ,a good piece ( plate glass ab\t #ab #ah in*es is l>ge en\gh = any wid? ( belt1 al?\gh a piece mu* small] w d all "r4 ,d n attempt to d any sc>f+ on ! bo>d #gf;d1 = if y d x w be s full ( holes t h be5 g\g$ by ! scrap] t x w be ru9$ = any purpose4 ,?is bo>d mu/ be kept smoo? 9 ord] to be able to d a good job ( rubb+ d[n :5 glu+4 ,nev] hamm] a glue jo9t 9 ord] to set x2 x is j t mu* unnecess>y "w & does absolutely no good2 simply get a smoo? block ( wood #b #f #h in*es & rub h>d & fa/ z soon z ! glue is appli$4 ,d n try to glue m ?an #f in*es 9 l5g? at "o "t4 ,use a heavy bru%--a high-pric$ pa9t bru% is ! be/2 ! regul> glue bru% is ab\t ! only ?+ 9 exi/5ce t w n put on any glue at all--ab\t a #c-;in* bru% is ! ?+2 h ! glue j z hot z x is possible to get x4 ,keep ! bru% 9 ! pot all ! "t ! glue is heat+2 also h a /rong /ick made some:at l a ?ree-corn]$ file1 only l>g]1 9 ! glue--?is la/ is us$ to scrape (f ! bru% all ! glue t x is possible to get (f )\t all[+ ! glue to get too cold4 ,:5 y take ! bru% out ( ! pot1 "w fa/2 get all ! glue possible (f ! bru% & get ! re/ on ! belt at once4 ,make two or ?ree fa/ /rokes across ! belt & close d[n ! splice & rub = de> life4 ,aft] ! fir/ bru%ful has be5 appli$ 7& rubb$ = ab\t two m9utes71 h an assi/ant raise ! po9t up until y c see ! glue break+ all across ! :ole wid? ( ! belt4 ,!n h a second bru% ready & repeat ! =m] process1 ) ! exception t y ne$ n apply ! glue to bo? sides ( ! lea!r z 9 ! fir/ case2 = if y w keep ! bru% d[n 9 ! =k betwe5 ! two laps y w give bo? sides a coat1 & 9 addition to ! "t sav$ by us+ ?is me?od y w get ! jo9t clos$ :ile ! glue is hot4 ,z fa/ z y g across ! belt ) ! bru%1 h ! assi/ant roll ! belt toge!r aft] y2 :5 y h us$ all ! glue out ( ! bru%1 ! jo9t is clos$ & ready to rub4 ,y w keep ! glue mu* hott] by imm$iately clos+ ! splice aft] ! bru%1 & !re is no?+ else s important z us+ hot glue2 z soon z x comm5ces to get %9y on ! surface ! ?+ is all (f & x w n hold any?+4 ,y _c d any quick "w ) wat] 9 y\r glue--t is1 unless x is old & has be5 heat$ up sev]al times4 ,if ?is is ! case1 x w h to be ?9n$ ) wat]4 ,! prop] consi/5cy is ab\t t ( a v heavy grade ( cyl9d] oil2 if x is too ?91 x w n dry 9 any reasonable "t & x w also cause pockets 9 ! splice by op5+ up aft] ! jo9t has be5 rubb$1 & ! air 9 ! pockets w op5 ! :ole splice4 ,9 important "w nev] use a glue t w n /ick s tightly betwe5 e application belt t aft] rubb+ d[n y c give x a good1 h>d pull )\t its op5+ up4 ,9 all /atem5ts reg>d+ ! "t necess>y = ! jo9t to dry1 ! belts are consid]$ absolutely clean1 dry & free f all oils4 ,! mo/ disagreeable portion ( ! belt repair]'s "w is ! splic+ & repair+ ( oil-soak$ belts4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! action ( oil & t ( glue are 9 direct opposition to ea* o!r3 ! oil prev5ts /ick+ & ! glue /icks1 if x has a *ance4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to elim9ate ! oil completely1 & ! effici5cy ( y\r jo9t w be 9 direct proportion to y\r success 9 gett+ rid ( ! oil4 ,to ?is end secure a l>ge gasol9e bl[ tor*1 su* z pa9t]s use to burn (f old pa9t4 ,if y are n us$ to x1 be v c>eful2 at all ev5ts1 h a bucket ( dry s& to use 9 case ( tr\ble4 ,j ?r[ ! s& on ! fire & ! fire w g out--t is1 if y c get ! s& 9 ! "r place4 ,! tor* is to be us$ aft] ! splice has be5 all complet$ except ! ?9 po9ts4 ,! flame w burn !m if f9i%$1 s leave !m tol]ably ?ick until aft] ! oil has be5 remov$2 !n f9i% !m z direct$ be=e4 ,:5 ! sc>fs h be5 made & ! old glue has be5 remov$1 turn ! flame 7:i* %\ld be an almo/ invisible blue if ! tor* is work+ prop]ly7 directly on ! lea!r & move x ov] all ! surface ( ! splice until ! lea!r has become ?or\ghly heat$2 nev] all[ ! flame to rema9 direct$ at any po9t long en\gh to make ! oil 9 ! lea!r boil4 ,if y d1 ! belt is burn$4 ,cont9ue to move ! flame ov] ! surface ( ! belt until ! lea!r is s hot t ! h& c sc>cely be held on x4 ,) "o ( ! scrap]s %[n 9 ,figs4 #fi & #fi;b 7#fi;b pref]r$7 scrape ! oil (f z ! heat raises x up4 ,turn ! cutt+ edge ( ! scrap] up & wipe ! oil (f aft] e /roke2 keep ! scrap+ process go+ "r on aft] ! tor*2 nev] all[ ! lea!r to cool (f until y c get practically no oil & ! lea!r beg9s to turn br[n4 ,by heat+ ! lea!r & br++ ! oil to ! surface y d j :at ! glue does :5 y put x on an oil-soak$ belt )\t remov+ ! oil4 ,by means ( ! heat conta9$ 9 x1 x br+s up all ! oil ne> ! surface to :i* x is appli$ & 9 consequ5ce does n take any hold on ! lea!r4 ,x w take two m5 ) all ! necess>y tools & appliances at lea/ six h\rs ( good h>d "w to remove ! oil f a well-soak$ #cf-;in* belt--t is1 to remove x to an ext5t suffici5t to w>rant ! glu+ ( x4 ,9 case ( ov]fl[s 9 :i* ! :eel pits are liable to be fill$ ) wat]1 p\r cyl9d] oil on all belts t are liable to get wet & !n remove !m f pulleys if !y w be cov]$ = m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 clean !m ) gasol9e & !y w be f\nd to be all "r & dry4 ,hold a clean piece ( wa/e aga9/ all belts at lea/ twice e tw5ty h\rs1 & wipe !m clean4 ,,ix ,,! ,,c>e ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,lea!r ,,belts#f ,,outside ( ! direct c>e & managem5t ( high-pressure boil]s & ! /eam l9es p]ta9+ !reto1 !re is no o!r "p ( a p[] or light+ plant1 mill or factory 9 :i* a l>ge numb] ( indirect connect$ ma*9es are us$ t is ( su* vital importance z lea!r belt+ & rope drives4 ,! subject "u discussion 9 ?is *apt] w be ! =m]1 & ! selection1 c>e & managem5t !re(4 #f ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,walt] ,e4 ,dixon4 ,m4 ,e4 ,! fir/ ?+ 9 ord] w be ! selection ( a lea!r belt1 & :5 we consid] t all mak]s make good belts1 t !re are no p>ticul> secrets 9 ! belt-mak+ bus9ess1 & t 9 ord] to get ! v be/ we mu/ take e advantage ( all small details 9 con/ruction1 x /&s e eng9e] & belt us] 9 h& to get all ! in=mation available2 = we mu/ rememb] t ! p]c5tage ( good hides does n run v high1 t all t are b\ght g into belt /ock ( "s k9d or o!r1 & t "s "o mu/ buy ! goods t are n q up to ! /&>d ( belt excell5ce4 ,x is v evid5t t no man wants any?+ b ! be/ :5 he is pay+ = ! be/1 & x is also evid5t t no mak] is go+ to say t he makes inf]ior goods2 s !re=e we mu/ read ! quality by :at is 9 sight1 & 9 ! judg+ ( lea!r t is already made up1 ! proposition resolves itself into a v h>d "o4 ,! two pr9cipal ?+s left = an op9ion to be bas$ ^u z to quality are ! relation ! pieces t con/itute ! laps be> to ! hide f :i* !y 7 cut4 ,!y %\ld1 9 belts runn+ f #ah to #cf in*es1 be cut f ! c5t] ( ! hides1 or %\ld be :at is kn[n z c5t] /ock4 ,( c\rse all belts %\ld be c5t] /ock1 b :]e !y are v n>r[ or s wide t "o hide w n be wide en\gh to make a lap1 !n !re is always a lot ( n>r[ /ock work$ 9 t _c always be /rictly c5t]4 ,! next ?+ to look out = is br&s t are s deep t !y de/roy ! life ( ! lea!r & w cause x to break aft] be+ us$4 ,!n look out = ! l5g? ( lap4 ,if ?is is too long1 y w "k t x runs into ! neck1 = ab\t all t x is possible to get out ( av]age hides & /ill leave no?+ 9 t is n fir/ class is #ed or #ef in*es4 ,ord9>ily1 y c tell if a lap is c5t] /ock by ! m>ks t run d[n ei!r side ( ! back bone2 !y w be usually a little d>k] ?an ! re/ ( ! belt4 ,^! m>ks or /reaks %\ld be 9 ! c5t] ( ! belt4 ,! pr9cipal objection to neck lea!r is t x is liable to /ret* excessively1 & on ?is acc\nt x w put too mu* load on ! piece imm$iately opposite x 9 a d\ble-ply belt2 = ! po9t ( "o side is 9 ! middle ( ! lap on ! o!r side4 ,next look out = holes1 :i* w usually be f\nd s nicely plugg$ z to escape detection unless subject$ to ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation4 ,next 9 importance is to buy a belt t has already be5 fill$ ) "s good wat]pro( dress+4 ,x is q likely t to buy a belt t has be5 fill$ means to buy "o t p]haps has "s bad lea!r 9 x t w\ld be se5 9 a dry oak tan belt1 & also t ! adhesive p[] ( ! fill$ belt is n q equal to ! dry "o2 b ! po9ts t ! fill$ "o possesses ov] ! "o n fill$ are1 fir/ & ma9ly1 x is fill$ :5 y buy x ) a prep>ation t does n injure ! lea!r 9 ! lea/1 & ! prep>ation y w fill x )1 = x w be fill$1 w be eng9e oil & wat]1 a comb9ation t w ru9 any belt made & also get x 9 six mon?s into a condition t w make a p]man5t repair ) glue impossible1 = ma*9e oil & moi/ure are /rang]s to glue & w ev] be4 ,m good belts are ru9$ by be+ soak$ ) eng9e oil until ! po9ts come loose & !n pull$ out ( %ape ?an f any o!r cause4 ,( c\rse y may be able to keep a ma9 eng9e belt t runs ?r\gh a damp :eel pit & basem5t1 & ?r\gh a long damp tunnel to a ma9 driv5 pulley t has two big boxes t are j z close to ! pulley z a fir/-class ma*9e design] c\ld put !m1 & nev] get a drop ( oil or wat] on x4 ,b ?is is n likely4 ,"o v common cause ( tr\ble ) eng9e belts is ! fact t su* belts usually run "u ! floor1 :]e !re is consid]able moi/ure4 ,!n ! oil table "u ! av]age l>ge ,corliss eng9e w leak ar\nd da%-pots & rock]-arm %afts1 & "s oil w fly f ! ecc5tric oil cups1 get into ! :eel1 run ar\nd ! rim & get to ! belt2 if ! belt is n fill$ a v few drops ( oil w make a l>ge spot on x4 ,!n1 if an eng9e does n run ! :ole tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :ile x is (f1 wat*4 ,a few drops ( wat] f a leaky valve /em ^: bonnet dra9 is /opp$ up1 z x w sometimes be1 has a way ( gett+ ?r\gh ! floor & fall+ on to ! belt & runn+ d[n ! incl9$ inside ( x until x f9ally comes to ! fly:eel1 :i*1 ) ! assi/ance ( its cr[n+ face1 v k9dly makes a nice pocket = said wat] & proce$s to dr9k x up4 ,result3 ! glue is loos5$ & ! belt may come ap>t 9 consequ5ce4 ,%\ld !re *ance to be a po9t j at ! bottom ( ?is pocket1 x w get ! glue s(t en\gh to slip b may n op5 up1 :i* is mu* worse ?an if x did op5 up2 = x may slip away f ! %\ld] ( ! splice = half an in*1 & :5 ! eng9e is put to "w x may close d[n by runn+ "u ! :eel & /ick4 ,if x does1 ! result is t at no v di/ant day y w f9d a break at t p>ticul> place1 "r across ! face ( ! belt4 ,! reason is t ! load 0 all tak5 (f ! inside half ( ! belt by po9t slipp+1 !reby mak+ ! inside ( ! belt too long & putt+ all ! load on ! outside4 ,! outside w cont9ue to d all ! "w until x /ret*es en\gh to br+ ! inside back into s]vice aga94 ,dur+ ?is week or mon? y h be5 pull+ y\r load ) a s+le belt1 n a d\ble "o1 & aft] a %ort "t y w f9d ! break ref]r$ to above 9 ! %ape ( a clean1 well-def9$ crack ext5d+ across ! belt p>allel ) ! po9ts ( ! laps4 ,n[ ( c\rse y are go+ to s5d = ! man :o sold y ! belt & ask him to fix x4 ,if he is a wise man & und]/&s 8 bus9ess1 he won't d a ?+ b %[ y "r "u t crack a po9t t does n come up to :]e x %\ld come4 ,!n ! ?+ = y to d is to say to him t ! belt is exam9$ e "t x is put into s]vice & t y h notic$ t ! po9ts he ref]s to all come loose dur+ a run1 t any "o kn[s t a few drops ( wat] w\ld n take any belt to pieces :ile x 0 runn+1 & if x 0 wat]1 :y did x n take x ap>t ev]y:]e1 etc8 ,& f9ally cru% him completely by tell+ him t y\r m5 h no "t to put a pair ( clamps on a belt 9 ord] to pull back into its prop] position e po9t t comes loose2 t if !y did d x !y w\ld h no "t = any?+ else1 especially 9 ! pres5t case1 & t if 8 p _h made ! belt "r ! glue w\ld h held1 anyway4 ,aft] he has giv5 y a new belt or repair$ y\r old "o1 j take my advice & box t fly:eel up above ! top ( ! ecc5tric oil cup1 at lea/ #ab in*es1 & get "s good1 heavy t9 or z9c & put a tight ro( ov] ! belt1 "u ! floor4 ,fir/ put 9 a ridge pole out ( #a-a_/b-;in* pipe1 />t+ at ! face ( ! :eel & runn+ 9 ! direction ( ! ma9 driv5 pulley1 hold+ x firmly 9 place at ea* end ) a /rong iron clamp4 ,!n sold] into ea* edge ( ! /rip ( t91 :i* %\ld be long en\gh to rea* beyond any possible leak ?r\gh ! floor or oil table1 a piece ( #a_/b-;in* pipe1 & put ! t9 ov] ! ridge pole ) a piece ( small pipe on ei!r side4 ,ord9>ily ! belt goes out pa/ ! cyl9d]2 if x runs ?r\gh a brick$-up runway on its r\te to ! ma9 driv5 pulley1 j fa/5 ! two pieces ( #a_/b-;in* pipe to ei!r wall & h ! ridge ab\t #f in*es high] ?an ! outside ones4 ,!n e drop ( oil or wat] t comes ?r\gh ! floor w fall on to ! ro( & run d[n to ! walls & be c>ri$ d[n to ! floor ( ! pit & h no *ance to t\* ! belt4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s 9 ! op]ation ( l>ge /ations :]e a l>ge numb] ( belts are us$ is to keep !m ?or\ghly clean & free f moi/ure & ma*9e oil1 ! latt] especially4 ,"o v h>d problem t confronts all design]s ( ma*9]y is ! prev5tion ( oil leakage f boxes4 ,9 sev]al plants ) z _m z six dynamos ( ! same k9d & ! same design1 at lea/ f\r ( ! six h leak$ oil e "t !y 7 run4 ,! o!rs did n leak z a usual ?+1 & all 7 equipp$ ) ! mo/ mod]n me?ods ( hold+ oil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,n[ we come to ! build+ ( ! belt1 & we w notice only su* po9ts z int]e/ ! eng9e] or buy]4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to see t ! laps are ( uni=m ?ickness1 s t ! belt w run quietly2 & x %\ld be absolutely /raight :5 unroll$ on ! floor4 ,if x has a long1 graceful curve 9 x1 look out2 = x w n run /raight on ! pulleys until x has /ret*$ /raight1 & by t "t "o ( its edges may be ru9$ by com+ 9 contact ) ! floor or "s o!r ob/acle4 ,next notice h[ long ! lea!r is f :i* x is made4 ,x %\ld n %[ m ?an #eb in*es1 & !n !re w be #d in*es hidd5 by ! po9t t is out ( sight4 ,!n see t ! jo9ts are brok5 prop]ly4 ,= in/ance1 f9d ! c5t] ( any piece ( lea!r on "o side ( ! belt1 & !n look on ! opposite side & see if ! jo9t is "r "u y\r c5t] m>k4 ,x %\ld be by all means1 = "r "h lies ! mo/ important ?+ ab\t ! con/ruction ( lea!r belts4 ,a belt ^: laps are all ! same l5g?1 & :i* has all its jo9ts brok5 correctly1 w put ! same load on ! glue ?r\gh\t1 & t is :at mu/ be done 9 ord] to get ! be/ results4 ,see ,fig4 #hj4 ,"h we h a belt t is #cf in*es 9 wid? & a d\ble ply4 ,n[ suppose !re is a draft ( #icfj p\nds on ?is belt1 t f po9t ,a to po9t ,b is #bf in*es1 & t ! po9ts are #d in*es long4 ,n[ we h #bf in*es plus #d in*es plus #d in*es times #cf in*es = ! numb] ( squ>e in*es 9 ! glu$ jo9t4 ,?is equals #abbd squ>e in*es2 ! total pull on ! belt divid$ by #abbd w equal ! load on ea* squ>e in* ( glu$ jo9t1 & w equal 9 ?is case #g4fe p\nds4 ,n[ in/ead ( assum+ di/ance ,a--,b 9 ,fig4 #hj to be #bf in*es1 let ! l[] jo9t get out ( /ep ) ! upp] ones1 & conditions get va/ly diff]5t4 ,we w suppose t ! dim5sions are z giv5 9 ,fig4 #ha1 z 0 ! case ) a new belt t 0 measur$ less ?an "o mon? be=e ! obs]vation 0 made & we h ! foll[+3 ,jo9t ,a ,b is n[ only #aj in*es1 & we h #aj in*es plus #d in*es plus #d in*es times #cf in*es :i* equals #fdh squ>e in*es1 & ! lead on ! jo9t is n[ #ad4dd p\nds4 ,y w readily p]ceive :at an important "p 9 ! life ( ! belt1 & ! life ( ev]y?+ ar\nd ! belt z f> z t goes1 ! prop] break+ ( ! upp] & l[] jo9ts is4 ,( c\rse ! belt mak] w tell y t 8 glue is j z /rong z ! lea!r itself1 & he is ab\t "r z long z y keep ! belt free f oil & wat]2 b :5 ! belt becomes fill$ ) oil ! glue rots & loses its /r5g? mu* fa/] ?an does ! lea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4 ,no good belt ne$s any po/s along ! sides to make x run /raight & /ay on ! pulleys4 ,if ! pulleys are 9 l9e & ! belt /raight1 x w run /raight4 ,all belts %\ld be made to run p]fectly /raight on pulleys1 fir/ on acc\nt ( ! local adv]tisem5t t x gives to ! man :o has *>ge ( !m2 second1 if !y d n run true1 !y w be on ! floor or wrapp$ ar\nd ! %aft 9 a v few m9utes1 %\ld !y ev] slip4 ,ano!r v important ?+ 9 ! c>e ( belts t c>ry heavy loads is t if any ( ! po9ts d come loose s f> back t !y w n return to place )\t putt+ on ! clamps1 put !m on by all means2 z ! re/or+ ( ?is po9t to place means t y w /ill reta9 9 s]vice all ( y\r belt1 z y w n d if y glue x d[n :]e x is & !reby cut "o side completely out ( s]vice4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,clean ,,belt+ ,we submit ! foll[+ z ! be/ & prop] way ( clean+ a lea!r belt4 ,x may seem simple1 b x is safe & effective1 z has be5 prov$ by _m p :o h ?us re/or$ old & dirty belt+ :i* _h become almo/ or q unfit = use4 ,coil ! belt loosely & place x on edge 9 a tank 9 :i* x may be cov]$ ) naph?a2 a half b>rel makes a good receptacle1 b some?+ ) a tight cov] w\ld save ! loss by evaporation4 ,put 9 en\gh naph?a to cov] ! belt completely & all[ x to rema9 = t5 or twelve h\rs2 !n turn ! belt ov]1 /&+ x ^u ! o!r edge4 ,! v]tical position ( ! belt surfaces all[s ! dirt to settle to ! bottom ( ! receptacle z x is wa%$ out1 & p]mits naph?a to get at all ! p>ts4 ,aft] ! belt has rema9$ 9 ! naph?a ano!r t5 or twelve h\rs1 or until suffici5tly clean1 raise x & all[ ! naph?a to drip back into ! tank4 ,!n lay ! belt flat1 /ret*+ or %ak+ x until almo/ dry4 ,y w f9d t ! naph?a w n affect ! lea!r nor ! cem5t 9 ! c5t] ( ! belt1 b may op5 ! jo9ts at ! edges2 9 :i* case ! old cem5t %\ld be scrap$ (f & ! edges recem5t$4 ,y\r belt man w "k h[ to d ?is4 ,! belt w n[ be some:at h>d1 & %\ld be treat$ ) a reliable belt dress+ be=e be+ replac$ on ! pulleys4 ,x ,,belt+1 ,,its ,,use ,,& ,,abuse#g ,,!re is no class ( appliances s little und]/ood by ! ord9>y /eam eng9e] & /eam us] z belts1 :i* may be se5 by ! quantity ( belt+ sold annually4 ,:]e "o c po9t to a belt t has be5 9 cont9u\s use = tw5ty ye>s1 y c f9d hundr$s t d n la/ "o-f\r? z long4 ,:y8 ,n always because ! buy] has tri$ to get some?+ = no?+1 b z a rule1 :5 !y d1 !y get no?+ = some?+4 #g ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,wm4 ,h4 ,mc,barnes4 ,! av]age belt is a poor "o1 & ! av]age buy] w n f9d x out till he has us$ x = "s "t4 ,if y weigh ! belt deal] up z a man :o is try+ to rob y1 beat him d[n 9 price1 !n get him to give f #e to #dj p] c5t4 (f1 he w ent] a prote/1 &1 aft] "s explanation1 w come to "s t]ms ) y4 ,h y ga9$ any?+ by y\r clev]ness8 ,well1 h>dly4 ,belt deal]s & mak]s1 l almo/ all o!r deal]s 9 supplies1 aim to get no?+ b fir/-class goods2 b second & ?ird1 & ev5 f\r?-class goods1 are made1 & y get ! quality y pay =4 ,9 ! second place1 belts we> out quickly because !y d n get prop] c>e4 ,to let a belt run "o mom5t aft] x gets too slack is bad practice1 = x is apt to slip & burn all ! /ay+ qualities out ( x4 ,ano!r good reason :y x %\ld n be run slack is t ! eng9e] or belt man1 to save "w1 w\ld be tempt$ to put on a dress+ or1 worse yet1 put on res9 to make x pull1 &1 9 ! language ( ,rex1 ! man :o w put res9 on 8 belts is ei!r a fool or a knave1 = x is sure to spoil 8 belt if cont9u$ = any l5g? ( "t4 ,9 an em]g5cy1 z :5 "s un=ese5 sub/ance has f\nd its way to ! belt1 x may be necess>y1 to keep f %utt+ d[n betwe5 h\rs1 to use "s ( ! s-call$ dress+4 ,we "k f exp]i5ce t eng9e]s w g to almo/ any extreme to get out ( a tight place--circum/ances sometimes make x necess>y to keep a belt runn+ :5 x %\ld n--b ?is %\ld n be all[$ to any ext5t4 ,to all[ a belt to run too tight is j z bad1 = x w make %ort life = ! belt1 hot boxes & scor$ %aft+4 ,!re is n "o 9 tw5ty :o takes ! "t or c splice a belt prop]ly2 x is g5]ally done 9 a hurry1 any way to make x hold toge!r1 ) ! und]/&+ t x _c talk2 b x does4 ,h[ (t5 we see bo>ds nail$ up or rims tack$ on to keep belts f gett+ (f ! pulleys4 ,all ( ?is is good = ! belt deal]s4 ,?is is n all ! fault ( ! eng9e] or ! belt manufactur]4 ,(t5 belts are made unev51 & soon get out ( %ape1 ev5 ) ! be/ ( c>e4 ,we sometimes f9d a belt t ord9>ily runs easy on ! pulleys & does its "w ) ease sudd5ly incl9$ to run to ei!r "o side or ! o!r ( ! driv5 pulley4 ,?is is caus$ by "o ( two ?+s--ei!r ! belt has be5 too slack1 or ! load increas$ = want ( lubrication1 or o!r causes4 ,9 ei!r case x w run (f if y insi/ on apply+ ! p[]4 ,! rem$y w\ld be to take up ! belt1 ?or\ghly oil ! j\rnals1 or take (f ! extra load--maybe a comb9ation ( all4 ,/ill a little extra "w mak+ ! belt tight] w enable x to run well & d ! extra "w j z long z ! extra t5sion c be ma9ta9$4 ,!n x may appe> p]plex+ & run to "o side ( ! driv5 pulley :5 ! driv5 %aft gets out ( l9e ) ! driv+ %aft4 ,9 a case ( ?is k9d ! belt does n run to :at is call$ ! high side ( ! pulley1 b to ! l[ side4 ,ano!r peculi> indication3 ,if two %afts are p>allel & !re is a high place on ! pulley1 !n a belt w run to ! high place2 b if ! %afts are out ( l9e1 or1 9 o!r words1 are n p>allel1 & ! face ( ! pulley /raight1 !n ! belt w run to ! l[ side or t close/ to ! driv+ %aft4 ,! rem$y w\ld be to l9e up y\r %aft+4 ,! object ( ?is *apt] is n to say h[ belts are made1 b to impress ^u ! m9ds ( belt us]s t to get ! be/ results1 belts1 l all good s]vants1 mu/ be well c>$ =1 & all responsibility %\ld re/ ) "o man1 j z ) y\r eng9e or any high-pric$ ma*9e4 ,,xi ,a ,,comp>ative ,,te/ ,,( ,,f\r ,,belt ,,dress+s#h ,,dur+ ,janu>y1 #aije1 a comp>ative te/ ( ! work+ effici5cy ( f\r belt dress+s & pres]vatives 0 made by ,t4 ,f>m]1 ,jr41 & ! writ]4 ,! te/ 0 made on ! regul> belt-te/+ ma*9e ( ,sibley ,college1 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 a full description ( :i* appe>$ on pages #gje-gjg ( ,vol4 #ab1 ,trans4 ,a4 ,s4 ,m4 ,e4 ,?is ma*9e te/s ! belt "u actual runn+ conditions1 ?\gh our belts 7 9 some:at bett] ?an av]age condition4 ,! f\r belts 7 new #d-;in* ,alex&] ,no4 #a oak-tann$ s+le-ply1 & 7 #cj feet long4 ,p>ticul> c>e 0 tak5 to keep !m free f oil & dirt4 ,! belts 7 fir/ te/$ z receiv$ f ! manufactur]1 aft] :i* ea* belt 0 treat$ ) "o ( ! dress+s & aga9 te/$4 #h ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,william ,evans4 ,! dress+s 7 two semi-solids1 designat$ ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b2 a b>1 ,no4 #c1 & neatsfoot oil1 ,no4 #d4 ,z ! fir/ ?ree are propriet>y articles1 x 0 n ?\ght be/ to give _! names1 ?\gh any "o famili> ) ! actions ( belt dress+s w readily recognize ,no4 #a f its peculi> curve4 ,9 apply+ ! dress+s1 we foll[$ directions c>efully1 & 9 ! case ( ,nos4 #b & #c exce$$ !m4 ,! belt 0 giv5 a five-h\r run1 dur+ :i* two or ?ree applications ( ! dress+ 7 giv51 & !n x 0 set aside 9 a w>m place to all[ x to absorb ! appli$ dress+4 ,aft] ?us soak+ = at lea/ =ty-eight h\rs1 ! belt 0 aga9 run1 ?is "t = ?ree h\rs1 ) "o m application ( ! dress+4 ,z ,no4 #c 0 a b> ( /icky dress+1 x w readily be se5 t ?is precaution 0 n really necess>y4 ,no4 #d1 ! neatsfoot oil1 0 n appli$ dur+ ! la/ run1 z we 7 afraid ( gett+ too mu* oil 9 ! belt4 ,z ?is oil is s ext5sively us$ by eng9e]s = dress+ belts1 special c>e 0 tak5 to get ! be/ possible results ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4 ,9 ,fig4 #hb1 ! result ( ! te/ ) ! neatsfoot oil is %[n graphically4 ,?is curve is platt$ to %[ ! relation betwe5 initial t5sion p] in* ( wid? & horse-p[] p] in* ( wid?4 ,"o reason = ! drop 9 horse-p[] 9 ! treat$ belt is t ! slip 0 mat]ially increas$2 9 ! l[e/ t5sion at :i* any p[] at all 0 transmitt$1 ab\t #ae p\nds p] in* ( wid?1 ! slip ran up z high z #be p] c5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4 ,9 ,fig4 #hc1 :i* %[s ! comp>ative value ( ! f\r dress+s1 ! highe/ horse-p[] deliv]$ to ! belt 0 tak5 z ! /&>d4 ,! horse-p[] deliv]$ by ! belt 0 divid$ by ?is /&>d1 & ! result1 express$ 9 p]c5tage1 0 us$ z ! p]c5tage ( available horse-p[] transmitt$4 ,?is comp>ison %[s ! great sup]iority ( dress+ ,no4 #a at all times1 & especially at l[ t5sions4 ,9 look+ at ?is *>t1 x is well to rememb] t ,no4 #c is a /icky dress+4 ,z ! "t ( ! te/ 0 s %ort1 we 7 unable to det]m9e ! ultimate effect ( ! dress+s on ! lea!r ( ! belts4 ,we c\ld only approximate ?is by a *emical te/ & a close exam9ation ( ! belts at ! end ( ea* te/4 ,! *emical analysis %[$ no ammonia or ros9 9 any ( ! dress+s2 ,no4 #b _h a trace ( m9]al acid1 & all _h oleic acid z foll[s3 ,no4 #a1 #j4bg p] c5t2 ,no4 #b1 #bi4he p] c5t2 ,no4 #c1 #c4e p] c5t2 ,no4 #d1 #j4g p] c5t4 ,! practical te/ %[$ no ill effects except f ,no4 #c1 ! /icky dress+1 :i* ripp$ & tore ! surface ( ! belt4 ,! high initial t5sions caus$ ov]heat+ ( ! j\rnals1 ev5 ?\gh we kept !m flood$ ) oil4 ,on ! l[ initial t5sions !re 0 no t5d5cy to heat1 ev5 :5 ! maximum horse-p[] 0 be+ transmitt$ by dress+ ,no4 #a4 ,9 ! latt] case we oil$ ! be>+s once 9 e two or ?ree runs 7a run compris$ all ! read+s = "o initial t5sion71 :ile 9 ! =m] we oil$ ! be>+s aft] ea* read+ & sometimes betwe5 !m2 ev5 !n we 7 afraid t ! babbitt w\ld get hot en\gh to run4 ,! read+s = ea* run v>i$ 9 numb] f two to a doz51 b only ! "o giv+ ! maximum horse-p[] 0 us$ 9 draw+ ! curves4 ,! belt spe$s dur+ ! te/s v>i$ betwe5 #bjjj & #bejj feet p] m9ute1 mo/ ( ! te/s be+ made at ab\t #bbjj feet p] m9ute4 ,,xii ,,belt ,,creep ,,! "q ( ! m9imum am\nt ( slip ( a belt 9 transmitt+ p[] f "o pulley to ano!r r$uces itself to a "q ( creep1 = x is possible to h belts l>ge en\gh s t ) prop] t5sions !re w be no regul> slip4 ,) a diff]5ce 9 t5sion on ! two sides & ( ela/icity 9 ! belt1 creep1 h[ev]1 is b\nd to take place4 ,:at does x am\nt to & :at all[ance %\ld be made = x8 asks ,pr(4 ,wm4 ,w4 ,bird ( ! ,worce/] ,polyte*nic ,in/itute 9 8 pap] "u ! above title4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4 ,9 ,fig4 #hd let ,a be ! driv] & ,b ! driv51 ,t#a ! t5sion 9 ! tight side ( ! belt & ,t#b 9 ! slack side1 ! pulleys & belt runn+ 9 ! direction indicat$4 ,"o in* ( slack belt goes on to ! pulley ,b at o2 at or be=e ! po9t p x feels ! effect ( increas$ t5sion & /ret*es to #a s in*es4 ,x n[ travels f p to m & goes on to pulley ,a :ile /ret*$4 ,at or be=e rea*+ ! po9t n1 z ! t5sion decreases1 x contracts to "o in* & s completes ! cycle4 ,) a light load ! belt creeps ahead ( ! pulley ,b at or ne> ! po9t p4 ,if ! load is heavy1 ! creep works t[>ds ! po9t o & ! belt may slip2 ?is also takes place :5 ! belt t5sions are too light ev5 ) small loads4 ,! po9t may be easily appreciat$ by imag9+ ! belt to be ( ela/ic rubb]4 ,pr(essor ,bird gives =mulas = calculat+ ! creep1 & te/s made at ! ,polyte*nic to det]m9e ! modulus ( ela/icity4 ,he concludes t ! answ] to 8 op5+ "q is t = ! common lea!r belt runn+ "u ord9>y conditions ! creep %\ld n exce$ "o p] c5t4 ,:ile ?is is sometimes call$ legitimate slip1 x is an actual loss ( p[] & _c be avoid$ by belt tight5]s or pat5t pulley cov]+s4 ,! smoo? or f9i%$ side %\ld g next to ! pulley because ! actual area ( contact is great] ?an :5 ! r\gh side is 9 contact2 consequ5tly1 ! adhesion due to friction is great]4 ,moreov]1 ! smoo? side has less t5sile /r5g? ?an ! r\gh side1 s t any we> on t side w weak5 ! belt less ?an we> on ! o!r side w\ld4 ,,xiii ,,rope ,,drives#i ,,!re seems to be consid]able diff]5ce 9 op9ion reg>d+ ! v>i\s ways ( apply+ rope to ! %eaves 9 rope driv+1 viz41 multiple- or sep>ate-rope sy/em1 cont9u\s-wrap or s+le-rope sy/em ) ! rope f "o ( ! grooves runn+ on a travel+ take-up device1 cont9u\s-wrap or s+le-rope sy/em ) ! take-up work+ directly on all ! wraps4 #i ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,r4 ,hoyt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4 ,! multiple- or sep>ate-rope sy/em on a horizontal drive :]e ! di/ance betwe5 c5t]s is great en\gh s t ! weight ( ! rope w give ! requir$ t5sion1 hav+ ! tight or pull+ "p on ! l[] side & ! %eaves ( ! same diamet]1 z 9 ,fig4 #he1 %\ld be v satisfactory1 z old or worn ropes may be replac$ by new ones ( l>g] diamet]1 or "s ( ! ropes may be tight] ?an o!rs & /ill n alt] ! effici5cy ( ! drive4 ,x w be notic$ 9 ?is case t a l>g] rope does n alt] ! proportional pit* diamet]s ( ! rope on ! driv+ & driv5 %eaves2 b if "o ( ! %eaves is l>g] ?an ! o!r1 z 9 ,figs4 #hf & #hg1 & a new or l>g] rope is sub/itut$ = a worn or small] "o1 or if "s ( ! ropes are a great deal tight] ?an o!rs1 a diff]5tial action w be produc$ on ! ropes ow+ to ! fact t ! l>g] or slack rope w n g z deeply into its grooves z ! small] or tight "o4 ,consequ5tly ! proportionate pit* diamet] on ! rope on ! driv] & driv5 %eave w be *ang$4 ,! action w dep5d ^u :e!r ! l>ge or ! small %eave is ! driv]4 ,if ! driv] is ! l>g]1 & ( c\rse assum+ t ! slack or l>ge rope is weak] ?an ! comb9$ tight or small] ones1 !n x w h less /ra9 on ! pull+ side2 b if ! driv] is small]1 !n ! new or l>ge rope w h great] /ra9 on ! pull+ side4 ,:e!r ! driv] is l>g] or small]1 a l>ge or slack rope affects ! action oppositely to a small or tight rope4 ,fig4 #hg %[s h[ ! action is rev]s$ f ,fig4 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4 ,= cle>ness we w exagg]ate ! diff]5ces 9 diamet] 9 ! sket*es & figure ! spe$s t ! diff]5t size ropes w\ld produce4 ,we w take ,a z normal1 ,b #a in* f>!r out ( ! groove1 produc+ a diff]5ce 9 diamet] ( #b in*es2 ,c #a in* deep] 9 ! groove1 produc+ a diff]5ce 9 diamet] ( #b in*es4 ,9 ,fig4 #he assume = ! normal diamet] ( driv] & driv5 #dj in*es1 #db in*es = ,b & #ch in*es = ,c1 ) a spe$ ( #bjj revolutions p] m9ute = ! driv]4 ,ei!r ,a1 ,b or ,c w give #bjj revolutions p] m9ute = ! driv5 %eave1 omitt+ slippage1 ( c\rse4 ,9 ,fig4 #hf say ! normal diamet] ( ! driv] = rope ,a is #fj in*es & ( ! driv5 #cj in*es1 a spe$ ( ! driv] ( #bjj revolutions p] m9ute w give ! driv5 %eave a spe$ ( #djj revolutions p] m9ute2 ,b1 ) ! driv] #fb in*es & ! driv5 %eave #cb in*es diamet]1 w give ! latt] a velocity ( #chg-a_/b revolutions p] m9ute4 ,) ,c ! driv] is #eh in*es1 ! driv5 #bh in*es1 & ! spe$ giv5 ! latt] #dad-b_/g revolutions p] m9ute4 ,9 ,fig4 #hg1 ! normal diamet] ( ! driv+ %eave be+ #cj in*es & ! driv5 #fj in*es1 a spe$ ( ! driv] ( #bjj revolutions p] m9ute w give a spe$ ( ! driv5 memb] ( #ajj revolutions p] m9ute4 ,) ,b1 if ! driv] is #cb & ! driv5 #fb in*es1 ! driv5 %eave w h a spe$ ( #ajc-g_/ca revolutions p] m9ute2 ,c1 ) ! driv] #bh in*es & ! driv5 %eave #eh in*es1 w give ! latt] a spe$ ( #if-af_/bi revolutions p] m9ute4 ,s x w be readily se5 :at effect a l>ge or a small rope w\ld h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4 ,!re are "s :o claim t slack ropes w transmit m p[] ow+ to m wrap on ! %eaves1 :ile o!rs claim t tight ropes are bett]4 ,if a drive ) all ! ropes slack gave tr\ble by ! ropes slipp+1 ! fir/ rem$y tri$ w\ld be tight5+ ! ropes4 ,b if ! conditions 7 l ,fig4 #hg1 x w\ld n be p>ticul>ly h>mful to h "s ( ! ropes long] ?an o!rs2 9 fact1 x might be well1 z ! long] ropes w\ld n make a complete circuit z quickly z ! %ort] ones2 consequ5tly ! position ( ! splices w\ld be cont9ually *ang+4 ,h[ev]1 x seems m natural to h ab\t ! same pull on all ! ropes1 t is1 n h !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hh4 ,9 conclusion = ! sy/em1 x %\ld be not$ t x has no means ( tight5+ ! ropes except by resplic+2 x is n z well adapt$ to v>i\s conditions z ! o!r =ms2 x is ! *eape/ =m to in/all & 9 "s cases %\ld give excell5t satisfaction4 ,) ! cont9u\s-wrap sy/em hav+ ! rope f "o ( ! grooves pass ov] a travel+ take-up1 ! latt] has a t5d5cy to produce an unequal /ra9 9 ! rope4 ,9 tak+ up1 or lett+ out1 ! rope mu/ ei!r slide ar\nd ! grooves1 or ! /r&s hav+ ! greate/ pull w w$ge !mselves deep] into ! grooves1 produc+ a small] pit* diamet] ?an ! ones hav+ less pull1 mak+ a diff]5tial action on ! ropes4 ,x is !re=e probable t x is ! diff]5tial action t takes up or lets out ! ropes1 ! take-up m]ely act+ 9 a s5se z an automatic adju/able idl]4 ,9 tight5+1 :5 ! rope /ret*es or dries out1 or ev5 9 runn+ normal1 ! greate/ pull w be ne> ! take-up1 b if ! drive is expos$ to moi/ure1 & ! rope %ort5s1 x w be f>!/ f ! take-up1 dep5d+ proportionately on ! numb] ( grooves ! take-up controls2 s 9 l>ge drives x is be/ to h m ?an "o take-up4 ,if "o %\ld use an unyieldable sub/ance1 z1 = exp]im5t1 a pla9 wire on two drums wrapp$ a numb] ( times ar\nd & also ov] a take-up1 & ! drums 7 mov$ toge!r or ap>t1 he w\ld f9d t ! wire w\ld h to slide ar\nd ! drum2 b1 ( c\rse1 ) a rope 9 a groove x is diff]5t4 ,! rope w yield "s4 ,x w also g deep] into ! groove4 ,?is sy/em co/s m ?an ! prec$+ =m1 ow+ to extra exp5se = ! travel+ take-up1 b may be appli$ readily to diff]5t conditions & w be q satisfactory 9 g5]al1 if prop]ly design$ & in/all$4 ,! cont9u\s-wrap sy/em ) a take-up or tight5] act+ directly on all ! wraps has practically none ( ! objectionable features m5tion$ 9 ! o!r two =ms1 & is quick 9 action1 mak+ x applicable :]e p[] is sudd5ly ?r[n on or (f4 ,if ! tight5] is made automatic1 x may be controll$ 9 num]\s ways1 z ) a weight or weight & lev] or tackle blocks & weight1 etc4 ,x also may be fitt$ ) a cyl9d] & pi/on1 ) a valve to prev5t too quick action if p[] is sudd5ly ?r[n (f or on4 ,!re is ord9>ily practically no unequal /ra9 on ! rope4 ,?is sy/em may be appli$ to diff]5t conditions z readily z ! prec$+ =m4 ,its co/ is m ?an t ( ei!r ( ! o!rs1 z ! tight5] mu/ h z _m grooves z !re are wraps4 ,x mu/ also h a w9d] to return ! la/ wrap to ! fir/ groove1 & to give its highe/ effici5cy x mu/ be prop]ly design$ & in/all$4 ,9 ei!r ( ! cont9u\s-wrap sy/ems1 if a portion ( l>g] rope is us$1 x w produce a great] /ra9 directly beh9d ! l>ge rope1 ow+ to its travel+ ar\nd ! %eave quick]4 ,9 angle "w !re is always extra we> on ! rope 9 ! side ( ! groove1 z only ! c5t] or "o rope may be accurately l9$2 s x is n advisable to cr[d ! c5t]s 9 angul> drives1 z ! %ort] ! c5t]s & wid] ! %eaves ! great] ! we>+ angle4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! =ego+ applies to ord9>y simple drives z %[n 9 ! sket*es2 :]e ! drive is complicat$1 x may be necess>y to make o!r all[ances4 ,,xiv ,a ,,new ,,s*eme ,,9 ,,rope ,,transmission#aj ,,! use ( manila rope = transmitt+ p[] is becom+ s common z to attract no comm5t1 & x possesses s _m advantages 9 its own field ov] any o!r me?od ( convey+ p[] t "s objections really exi/+ are ov]look$4 ,:5 a rope drive is in/all$ accord+ to mod]n practice1 x is g5]ally s successful & furni%es su* an agreeable & smoo? runn+ drive t any possible objection is sil5c$ by ! _m good qualities x evid5tly has4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,am]ican cont9u\s me?od ( in/all+ a rope drive has a few s]i\s drawbacks4 #aj ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,geo4 ,f4 ,willis4 ,7 x possible to in/all a drive ( say ?irty ropes 9 su* a mann] t ea* "o ( ! ropes _h exactly ! same /ra9 on x t ea* o!r rope _h1 & ?is "u v>y+ conditions ( spe$ & load1 x is evid5t t ! ?irty ropes w\ld "w exactly z a belt ( prop] wid? to c>ry ! load w\ld1 t ! ropes w\ld be runn+ ) exactly ! same t5sion cle> across ! wid? ( ! drive1 l ! belt4 ,b accord+ to ! be/ au?orities on rope transmission1 ?is ideal condition is impossible to obta94 ,x is giv5 z desirable1 by writ]s on rope transmission problems1 to use a take-up %eave = e twelve ropes1 :ile t5 is consid]$ ev5 bett]4 ,! be/ results h be5 secur$ by us+ a take-up %eave = n m ?an eight ropes4 ,b 9 any case ! evil ( diff]5tial driv+ /ill exi/s4 ,9 tru?1 ! only drive 9 :i* p]fect conditions c exi/1 accord+ to pres5t practice1 is "o us+ b a s+le rope4 ,x is evid5t t :5 ! load comes on ! ropes1 ! entire numb] ( ropes 9 use are only able to ultimately rea* ! same t5sion f ! ela/icity ( ! ropes !mselves1 z slipp+ 9 ! grooves r>ely occurs4 ,b !re is a cont9u$ & unev5 /ra9 on ! ropes until ! load becomes divid$ betwe5 !m1 & :]e ropes are us$ to drive a v>y+ load1 ?is /ra9 mu/ & does r$uce ! life ( ! ropes mat]ially4 ,_m rope transmissions h be5 unsatisfactory because ( ?is1 & :5 ^! drives h be5 s badly design$ z to use "o take-up %eave = m ?an t5 ropes1 !y are apt to be m exp5sive & tr\blesome ?an c\ld h be5 anticipat$4 ,"o rope drive is kn[n :]e ?irty ropes are us$1 ) only "o take-up %eave4 ,x has be5 a s\rce ( cont9ual tr\ble & exp5se1 & has be5 replac$ by ! ,engli% sy/em ( multiple ropes4 ,! inh]5t tr\bles ( ?is sy/em h made ! *ang$ drive ev5 worse ?an ! orig9al4 ,x w n[ be replac$ by ! sy/em "h illu/rat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,9 ,fig4 #hi is %[n a plan view ( ! tight5]s = a ?irty-"o rope drive4 ,z ! ropes %[n are #a-a_/b in*es 9 diamet] ! ma9 tight5] %eave is %[n #fj in*es 9 diamet] or =ty times ! diamet] ( ! rope us$4 ,m\nt$ above ! ?irty-two groove %eave1 & 9 ! same frame1 is a s+le groove %eave ( ! "r diamet] to rea* ! two outside ropes z %[n1 9 ?is case #hf in*es 9 diamet]4 ,fur!r details are %[n 9 ! end elevation1 ,fig4 #ij1 & 9 ! side elevation1 ,fig4 #ia4 ,all[+ a work+ /ra9 ( say #bej p\nds to ea* /r& ( ! ?irty-"o ropes1 we h a total weight ( #ae1ejj p\nds :i* ^! two idl] %eaves %\ld weigh1 includ+ ! frame hold+ !m4 ,^! %eaves & ! frame are m\nt$ directly ^u ! ropes1 on ! slack side ( c\rse1 & j z a tight5] is m\nt$ on a belt4 ,! fir/ rope passes ar\nd ! ?irty-two-groove %eave1 on up ov] ! s+le-groove %eave1 & back "u ! multiple-groove %eave aga91 & is ?us cross$ ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4 ,x is evid5t t a rope ?read$ on ?is drive w\ld1 by ! "t x _h run t5 m9utes or s1 h e /r& 9 exactly ! same t5sion e o!r /r& 0 91 & t ! ropes w\ld rema9 9 ?is condition 9 spite ( v>iation ( load & spe$1 z long z !y la/$4 ,! initial exp5se1 includ+ ! erection1 w\ld probably be no m ?an t = ! necess>y six or eight s+le-groove idl]s1 ) _! %afts & boxes1 tracks1 etc41 :i* w\ld be necess>y accord+ to e/abli%$ practice4 ,! room tak5 up w\ld evid5tly be mu* less4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4 ,9 ,fig4 #ib an assembl$ drive ( ?is "* is %[n4 ,9 ,fig4 #ic is %[n a rev]se drive1 common 9 sawmill practice1 :]e ! two %eaves describ$ w\ld pref]ably be m\nt$ on a c>1 ) ! prop] weight to give ! desir$ t5sion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4 ,9 a rec5t design is %[n a cyl9d] ) ab\t #f feet ( pi/on travel1 provid$ ) a r$uc+ valve1 s t ! /eam pressure w\ld rema9 con/ant at ab\t #dj p\nds4 ,! cyl9d] is bolt$ to ! mill frame1 :ile ! pi/on rod is connect$ to ! c> c>ry+ ! tight5] %eaves4 ,! cyl9d] is ( ! prop] area1 :5 furni%$ ) /eam at #dj p\nds pressure1 to put ! correct /ra9 on ! ropes4 ,a small /eam trap is "p ( ! equipm5t4 ,?is %\ld give a v ela/ic t5sion1 & s long z /eam pressure 0 at #dj p\nds or ov]1 ! t5sion w\ld rema9 con/ant4 ,) #f feet pi/on travel1 x is evid5t t #cgb feet ( /ret* c\ld be tak5 out ( ! rope1 an am\nt entirely out ( ! "q4 ,a dog1 or buff]1 c be s locat$ z to prev5t excessive back travel ( ! pi/on & c> :5 /eam pressure is tak5 (f4 ,x is evid5t t ?is me?od c be appli$ to a drive us+ any numb] ( ropes4 ,,xv ,,h[ ,,to ,,ord] ,,transmission ,,rope#aa ,,x is probable t m diff]5t & errone\s t]ms are us$ by pur*as+ ag5ts & eng9e]s :5 writ+ ord]s = transmission rope ?an are us$ to describe any o!r article ne$$ ab\t a mill4 ,a k ( h[ to ord] cle>ly j ! k9d ( rope want$ w\ld prev5t delays & exp5se to _m plants4 ,manufactur]s ( transmission rope con/antly receive ord]s s peculi> 9 _! word+ t !y d>e n v5ture an imm$iate %ipm5t1 b mu/ fir/ resort to ! mails1 telegraph or telephone to f9d out :at is really desir$1 &1 ( c\rse1 ^! mi/akes1 foll[+ ! law ( ! g5]al cuss$ness ( ?+s1 usually occur aft] a breakd[n at ! v "t :5 e m9ute's delay means a consid]able sum ( money lo/4 #aa ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,f4 ,s4 ,gre5e4 ,!re are 9 ?is c\ntry two manufactur]s ( cordage :o make a specialty ( transmission rope1 & ! names "u :i* _! rope is sold are fairly well kn[n to all us]s ( rope drives4 ,9 addition to ^! two conc]ns1 !re are1 p]haps1 ?ree or f\r o!r cordage mills :i* make ?is grade ( rope to "s ext5t4 ,f ?is comp>atively small s\rce _m diff]5t br&s h sprung :i*1 re*ri/5$1 f9d _! way to ! m>ket "u a v>iety ( names1 bo? poetic & classic4 ,^! _m names lead to frequ5t delays 9 ord]+4 ,! man :o does ! splic+ at ! mill has1 at "o "t or ano!r1 he>d ( a rope glory+ 9 ! possession ( "s fancy title4 ,x is m ?an probable t "s salesman has told him mo/ wond]ful /ories ( :at ?is p>ticul> rope c d2 consequ5tly :5 ! "t comes = a new rope1 ! splic] goes to ! (fice & asks t s _m feet ( su* & su* a rope be ord]$4 ,! pur*as+ ag5t makes out ! ord]1 us+ ?is "n1 & s5ds x to ! manufactur]1 :o 9 all probability has nev] he>d ( ! rope & kn[s = a fact t x is n ! br& "u :i* any ( 8 fell[ manufactur]s are sell+ rope4 ,be=e ! ord] c be fill$1 two or m lett]s or telegrams mu/ be s5t & receiv$4 ,x frequ5tly occurs t manufactur]s receive ord]s specify+ br&s :i* nev] _h exi/5ce at all1 s f> z _! k goes4 ,"o firm rec5tly f\nd 9 ! same mail reque/s = ,f]n1 ,juno1 & ,elephant transmission rope1 ?\gh no su* br&s h ev] be5 on ! m>ket4 ,ano!r famili> mi/ake is ! ord]+ ( a c]ta9 color y>n 9 ! rope1 z if ?is decoration possess$ "s peculi> virtue4 ,^! color$ y>ns are simply a "q ( dye1 & ! rope 9 all probability w\ld be bett] & /rong] 7 !y left out4 ,!n aga91 we f9d peculi> word+ z to ! lubrication ( a rope4 ,"s p insi/ t ! rope %all be tall[ inlaid2 o!rs call = an absolutely dry rope or = a wat]-laid rope4 ,all transmission rope1 to be ( any s]vice :atsoev]1 mu/ be lubricat$ & su* a ?+ z a dry transmission rope or a wat]-laid "o1 :atev] t t]m might mean1 w\ld be ( b small s]vice to ! us]4 ,ea* manufactur] has 8 own me?od or =mula = lubricat+1 & if ?is be a plumbago or graphite-laid rope1 & he is ask$ = an old-fa%ion$ tall[-laid rope1 he _c fill ord]s directly f /ock4 ,x is unnecess>y to "n ! numb] ( /r&s1 unless y wi% a ?ree- or six-/r& rope1 = a f\r-/r& transmission rope is always s5t1 unless o!rwise specifi$4 ,x is also unnecess>y to say any?+ ab\t ! core1 z ! rope is always suppli$ ) "o1 & g5]ally x is lubricat$4 ,frequ5tly five-/r& rope is ord]$4 ,?is is v confus+1 z !re is su* a ?+ z a five-/r& rope1 b x is v r>ely made4 ,ord]+ a five-/r& rope is usually br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! error ( consid]+ ! core z a fif? /r&4 ,x is bett]1 ?\gh n necess>y1 to ord] by ! diamet] in/ead ( ! circumf]5ce1 z transmission rope is made & usually sold ^u diamet] specification4 ,by f> ! mo/ frequ5t specifications receiv$ call = long-fib]1 f\r-/r& rope ) core1 & hav+ done ?is1 ! pur*as] consid]s he has nam$ all necess>y requirem5ts4 ,at ! pres5t price ( manila hemp1 :i* v>ies f #g c5ts p] p\nd = ! poor] grades to #ab-a_/b c5ts p] p\nd = ! be/1 he may be quot$ = su* a rope1 ) entire hone/y1 any:]e f #aa to #ag c5ts p] p\nd4 ,to procure long-fib] manila hemp1 & twi/ x into f\r /r&s ab\t a core1 does n make a prop] transmission rope4 ,z ! rope w probably be requir$ to run at a spe$ ( f #cjjj to #ejjj feet p] m9ute & be subject$ to rapid & con/ant b5d+ ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?1 ! fib] %\ld n only be long1 b ! rope %\ld be s(t & pliable4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 z ! fib]1 y>ns & /r&s mu/ slip "o ^u ano!r dur+ ! b5d+1 ! rope %\ld be s lubricat$ z to r$uce to a m9imum ! frictional we> f su* slipp+ & rubb+1 :i* is a mu* l>g] factor ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,aga91 ! unusual /r5g? ( manila fib] is %[n only :5 subject$ to a longitud9al /ra94 ,transv]sely1 ow+ to ! cellul> =mation1 ! fib] is relatively weak2 !re=e1 9 manufactur+ transmission rope1 ! greate/ c>e is necess>y to secure su* proportion ( twi/ 9 bo? y>ns & /r& z to r5d] ! rope lea/ vuln]able to crosswise /ra94 ,nor w ! t]m long fib] insure ! pur*as] obta9+ ! prop] mat]ial 9 8 rope1 = ! longe/ manila fib]1 contr>y to g5]al belief1 is n always ! be/ f :i* to make a transmission rope4 ,"s ( ! extremely long v>iety is co>se & brittle4 ,! be/ fib] = transmission rope is a p>ticul> grade ( manila hemp kn[n z ,zebu1 ,fig4 #id1 :i* is light 9 color1 silky to ! t\* & exce$+ly /rong & flexible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration1 ,fig4 #ie1 %[s a close view ( two grades ( hemp1 t on ! left be+ kn[n 9 ! trade z ,sup]ior #b;ds1 :ile ! fib] to ! "r ( ! cut is ,zebu4 ,fig4 #if %[s a m di/ant view ( ! same two heads ( hemp1 & ! read] w see t 9 bo? ! fib] is exce$+ long1 & if any?+1 t ( ! ,sup]ior #b;ds is long] ?an 9 ! ,zebu4 ,a transmission rope made f ! latt]1 h[ev]1 w co/ ! manufactur] f #c-a_/b to #d c5ts m p] p\nd ?an if he _h us$ ,sup]ior #b;ds1 & w outla/ two ropes made f ! long] ?\gh co>s] fib]4 ,! read]1 if he has p]us$ ?is *apt] to ! pres5t po9t1 is d\btless n[ ask+ himself3 ,h[ %all ,i ^w my ord] :5 ,i want a fir/-class driv+ rope8 ,! safe/ road to foll[ is to write to "s manufactur] or firm :om y "k to be reliable1 & ask = s _m feet ( _! transmission rope1 giv+ ! "n1 if y are c]ta9 on t po9t1 &1 ( c\rse1 be+ sure to m5tion ! diamet]4 ,9 case y d n "k ! "n ( 8 rope1 ^w y\r ord] z simply & briefly z possible2 = example3 ,"o ?\s& feet #a-a_/b in*es diamet] fir/ quality manila transmission rope1 & if ! conc]n to :i* y write is a reputable "o1 y w receive a f\r-/r& rope1 made f ,zebu manila hemp1 put toge!r ) prop] twi/ & lay = ! s]vice requir$4 ,,xvi ,a ,,belt+ ,,& ,,pulley ,,*>t#ab ,,rule #a4 ,pulley ,spe$4--,:5 ! diamet] ( bo? pulleys & ! spe$ ( "o is giv51 to f9d ! spe$ ( ! o!r3 ,place ! po9ts ( spac+ divid]s ^u ! two giv5 diamet]s 9 in*es ^u ! scale 7,fig4 #ig72 !n raise ! divid]s1 keep+ ! space obta9$1 & place "o po9t on ! giv5 spe$ & ! o!r above x = spe$ ( ,s1 or bel[ x = spe$ ( ,l 7,s & ,l mean+ small] & l>g] pulley1 respectively74 ,?is po9t w fall ^u ! requir$ spe$4 #ab ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,a4 ,g4 ,holman1 ,m4 ,e4 ,example3 ,if ! two pulley diamet]s are #aj & #be in*es & spe$ ( l>g] pulley is #abj revolutions p] m9ute1 :at is spe$ ( small pulley8 ,place ! po9ts ( divid]s on #aj & #be on scale ,a1 !n lift ! divid]s & place "o po9t on #abj & ! o!r above x ^u ! scale2 ! o!r po9t n[ re/s on #cjj z ! spe$ ( ,s4 ,if ! spe$ ( ,s _h be5 giv51 "o po9t w\ld h be5 plac$ at #cjj & ! o!r bel[ x1 fall+ ^u #abj1 ! requir$ spe$ ( ,l4 ,note4--,9 apply+ ?is rule1 if ! spe$ comes beyond ! range ( scale ,a1 ! result may be read by c>ry+ ! space to ! revolution scale on scale ,b1 & proce$+ 9 ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4 ,example3 ,diamet] ( pulleys #ab & #cf in*es & spe$ ( ,l #ejj1 :at is spe$ ( ,s8 ,place po9ts ( divid]s on #ab & #cf4 ,n[1 if divid]s are rais$ & "o po9t plac$ on #ejj & ! o!r above x on scale ,a1 x w come beyond ! top ( ! scale4 ,h5ce g to scale ,b1 plac+ l[] po9t on revolution scale at #ejj & ! o!r po9t above1 :i* w fall ^u #aejj1 ! answ]4 ,,rule #b4 ,pulley ,diamet]s4--,:5 ! spe$ ( bo? pulleys & ! diamet] ( "o is giv51 to f9d diamet] ( ! o!r3 ,place po9ts ( divid]s on ! two spe$s on scale ,a or revolution scale ,b4 ,!n place "o po9t ( divid]s on giv5 diamet] & ! o!r above x to f9d diamet] ( ,l1 or bel[ x = diamet] ( ,s4 ,! figure ?us indicat$ is ! requir$ diamet]4 ,example3 ,spe$s #ahj & #dej & diamet] ( small] pulley #bj4 ,:at mu/ be diamet] ( ,l8 ,place po9ts ( divid]s on #ahj & #dej on scale ,a4 ,!n place "o po9t on #bj 7! giv5 diamet]74 ,! o!r po9t falls at #ej1 ! requir$ diamet] ( ,l4 ,if ! po9t falls betwe5 two graduations 9 any problem1 ! result c be closely judg$ by ! relative position4 ,! o!r & m labor-sav+ use = ?is *>t is its application to belt+ problems4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t !re is no subject ( m g5]al int]e/ 9 practical me*anics & none on :i* !re is a great] diff]5ce ( op9ion ?an ! prop] all[ance to be made 9 ! selection ( belt sizes = giv5 requirem5ts4 ,! g5]al =mula = ! horse-p[] transmitt$ by belt+ is ,,hp ,,ws_/,c 9 :i* ,,hp horse-p[]1 ,w wid? ( belt 9 in*es1 ,s spe$ ( belt 9 feet p] m9ute1 & ,c con/ant4 ,! prop] values ( ?is con/ant1 or ! feet p] m9ute t ea* in* ( wid? mu/ run to transmit a horse-p[]1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 is ! po9t 9 "q4 ,on ! "r-h& side ( l9e ,a on ! *>t is a s]ies ( l9es repres5t+ diff]5t values = ?is con/ant4 ,! l[] "o1 m>k$ #d1 repres5ts #djj feet belt spe$ p] m9ute1 ! next above is = #ejj1 & s on4 ,aga9/ "s ( ^! values are sugge/ions z to belts (t5 recomm5d$ 9 connection ) ^! con/ants4 ,= in/ance1 #b to #f ,s sugge/s ! con/ant #aajj to be us$ = #b- to #f-;in* s+le lea!r belt1 #ajjj = #f-a_/b- to #aj-;in* s+le1 #fjj = #b- to #f-;in* d\ble1 etc4 ,^! sugge/ions practically agree ) ! advice ( ! ,geo4 ,v4 ,cresson ,company's catalog & ! d$uctions ( ,k5t's ,h&book4 ,m p[] may be transmitt$ ?an ^! sugge/ions w all[1 by increas+ ! t5sion1 b ?is is accompani$ by ! disadvantage ( requir+ extra att5tion & undue pressure ^u be>+s4 ,! use ( ! *>t = horse-p[] & wid? ( belt+ is expla9$ by ! foll[+ rules3 ,,rule #c4 ,horse-p[] ( ,belt+4--,to f9d ! horse-p[] t c be transmitt$ :5 diamet] & spe$ ( pulley & wid? ( belt are giv53 ,place "o po9t ( divid]s on scale ,a at ! wid? ( belt 9 in*es & ! o!r po9t at ! bottom ( ! l9e 7at #a74 ,next add ?is space to ! hight repres5t+ diamet] ( pulley by plac+ l[] po9t ( divid]s ^u ! giv5 diamet] & all[+ ! o!r po9t to re/ ^u ! scale above4 ,!n hold+ ! upp] po9t /ation>y1 op5 or close divid]s until ! o!r po9t falls ^u ! prop] con/ant on ! scale at "r-h& side ( l9e ,a4 ,n[ transf] ?is space la/ obta9$ to ! scale ,b by rais+ ! divid]s1 c>ry+ !m squ>e across to ,b & plac+ ! po9t t 0 on ! con/ant ^u ! giv5 spe$ on ! revolution scale4 ,note ! location ( ! o!r po9t ( divid]s ^u ! horse-p[] scale1 :i* indicates ! horse-p[] t c be transmitt$ "u ! giv5 conditions4 ,example3 ,:at horse-p[] c be transmitt$ by an #h-;in* d\ble belt runn+ on a #dj-;in* pulley at #ejj feet p] m9ute8 ,place "o po9t ( divid]s on l9e ,a at #h 7wid? ( belt7 & ! o!r po9t at bottom ( l9e4 ,next raise divid]s & place l[] po9t on #dj 7diamet] ( pulley7 & let ! o!r po9t fall above ^u ! scale4 ,!n close divid]s until l[] po9t comes to ! con/ant = #f-a_/b to #aj d\ble4 ,c>ry ?is space to scale ,b ) l[] po9t on #ejj on revolution scale4 ,"u po9t n[ falls ^u #hd on horse-p[] scale1 :i* is ! requir$ horse-p[]4 ,,rule #d4 ,wid? ( ,belt+4--,to f9d ! necess>y wid? ( belt+ :5 size & spe$ ( pulley & ! horse-p[] are giv53 ,place "o po9t ( divid]s on scale ,b ^u ! horse-p[] & ! o!r po9t ^u ! revolutions4 ,next transf] ?is space to scale ,a by rais+ ! divid]s1 c>ry+ !m squ>e across & plac+ ! po9t t 0 on revolutions ^u ! con/ant4 ,!n hold+ ! o!r po9t /ation>y1 raise ! po9t t 0 on ! con/ant & op5 divid]s until ?is po9t falls ^u ! giv5 diamet]4 ,n[ lift ! divid]s & c>ry ! l[] po9t d[n to bottom ( l9e 7! po9t #a74 ,! upp] po9t w n[ indicate ! requir$ wid? ( belt4 ,note4--,if1 9 f9d+ wid? ( belt1 !re is d\bt ab\t ! prop] con/ant to take1 a m$ium value1 say #f1 may be assum$ & a ha/y cut & try w %[ 9 :at classification ! requir$ belt w come4 ,example3 ,:at wid? ( belt = #ajj horse-p[] ) #dj-;in* pulley at #ejj revolutions8 ,place po9t ( divid]s on scale ,b ^u #ajj on horse-p[] scale & ! o!r ^u #ejj on ! revolution scale4 ,!n c>ry ! space to scale ,a ) l[] po9t on con/ant #e4 ,!n re/+ divid]s ^u upp] po9t op5 !m until l[] po9t is at #dj 7diamet]74 ,f9ally1 raise divid]s & place l[] po9t at bottom ( l9e4 ,upp] po9t is n[ at #i-a_/b1 indicat+ ! ne>e/ ev5 wid? #aj z ! answ]4 ,a little practice w make "o famili> ) ^! rules1 & x w be se5 t 9 ! belt+ rules ! f\r motions p]=m two multiplications & a division4 ,,xvii ,,splic+ ,,rope ,,! splic+ ( a transmission rope is an important matt]2 ! po9ts on :i* ! success ( ! splice1 & incid5tally ! drive1 dep5d be+ ! l5g? ( ! splice1 :i* 9 turn dep5ds ^u ! diamet] ( ! rope & :i* is giv5 9 ! table 7,fig4 #ig;a72 ! diamet] ( ! splice1 :i* %\ld be ! same z ! diamet] ( ! rope2 ! secur+ ( ! ends ( ! /r&s ( ! splice1 :i* mu/ be s fa/5$ t !y w n we> or :ip out or cause ! ov]ly+ /r&s to we> unduly2 & ! workman%ip ( ! splice1 :i* %\ld be ! be/ x is possible to secure4 ,:5 splic+ an old & a new piece ( rope1 ! new piece %\ld be ?or\ghly /ret*$1 =1 at be/1 x is an exce$+ly difficult task on acc\nt ( ! /ret* & diff]5ce 9 diamet] ( ! rope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig;a4 ,,data ,,relative ,,to ,,manila ,,transmission ,,rope ,,& ,,%eaves ,diamet] ,squ>e ,approximate,break+ ,maximum ( ,rope ( ,weight p] ,/r5g?1,all[able 9 ,diamet] ,foot1 ,p\nds ,t5sion1 ,in*es ,p\nds ,p\nds ---------------------------------------- ----- #a_/b 4#be 4#ab #agej #ej #e_/h 4#bijf 4#af #bgcj #hj #c_/d 4#efbe 4#bj #ciej #aab #g_/h 4#gfef 4#bf #edjj #aec #a #a4 4#cd #gjjj #bjj #a-a_/h #a4bfef 4#dc #hijj #bec #a-a_/d #a4efbe 4#fc #aj1ijj #cab #a-a_/b #b4be 4#gg #ae1gjj #dej #a-c_/d #c4jfbe #a4jd #ba1djj #fab #b #d4 #a4cf #bh1jjj #hjj #b-a_/d #e4jfbe #a4gc #ce1djj #ajab #b-a_/b #f4be #b4ac #dc1gjj #abej ,,l5g? ,,( ,,splice ,,9 ,,feet ,smalle/ ,maximum ------------------,diamet] ,numb] #c- #d- #f- ( ( ,/r&,/r&,/r&,%eaves ,revolutions 9 p] ,m9ute ,in*es ------------------------------------- #f #bj #ajfj #f #bd #igj #f #h #bg #gfj #f #h #cb #fej #g #aj #ad #cf #egj #g #aj #af #dj #eaj #g #aj #af #de #dfj #h #ab #ah #ed #chj #h #ab #ah #fc #ccj #i #ad #bj #gb #bij #i #ad #bj #ha #bee #aj #af #bb #ij #bcj ,! illu/rations & in/ructions = mak+ /&>d rope splices are tak51 by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,am]ican ,manufactur+ ,company1 f _! ,blue ,book ( ,rope ,transmission4 ,!re are _m diff]5t splices n[ 9 use1 b ! "o t exp]i5ce has prov$ be/ is :at is kn[n z ! ,engli% transmission splice4 ,9 describ+ ?is we take = our example a f\r-/r& rope1 #a-c_/d in*es 9 diamet]1 z splic$ on %eaves 9 ! multiple sy/em4 ,! rope is fir/ plac$ ar\nd %eaves1 &1 ) a tackle1 /ret*$ & haul$ taut2 ! ends %\ld pass ea* o!r f six to sev5 feet1 ! pass+ po9t be+ m>k$ ) tw9e on ea* rope4 ,! rope is !n slipp$ f ! %eaves & all[$ to re/ on %afts1 to give suffici5t slack = mak+ ! splice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4 ,unlay ! /r&s 9 pairs z f> back z ! tw9es ,m1 ,m1 crot* ! f\r pairs ( /r&s ?us op5$ 7,fig4 #ih71 cores hav+ be5 drawn out toge!r on ! upp] side4 ,!n1 hav+ remov$ m>k+ tw9e ,m1 unlay ! two /r&s #f & #h1 /ill 9 pairs1 back a di/ance ( two feet1 to ,a2 ! /r&s #a & #c1 also 9 pairs1 be+ c>efully laid 9 _! place4 ,next unlay ! /r&s #e & #g 9 pairs1 to ,a1 replac+ !m z be=e ) #b & #d4 ,! rope is n[ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ii4 ,! pair ( /r&s #f & #h are n[ sep>at$1 & #h unlaid f\r feet back to ,b1 a di/ance ( six feet f c5t]1 /r& #f be+ left at ,a4 ,! pair ( /r&s #a & #c hav+ be5 sep>at$1 #c is left at ,a1 z companion = #f1 /r& #a be+ c>efully laid 9 place ( /r& #h until !y meet at po9t ,b4 ,! two pairs ( /r&s #b-d & #e-g are n[ sep>at$ & laid 9 ! same mann]1 e c>e be+ tak51 :ile ?us putt+ ! rope toge!r1 t orig9al twi/ & lay ( /r& is ma9ta9$4 ,! protrud+ cores are n[ cut (f s t ! ends1 :5 pu%$ back 9 rope1 butt toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4 ,! rope n[ appe>s z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajj1 & aft] ! eight /r&s h be5 cut to conv5i5t work+ l5g?s 7ab\t two feet71 ! companion /r&s are ready to be fa/5$ toge!r & tuck$2 ?is op]ation is describ$ = /r&s #b & #g1 ! me?od be+ id5tical = ! o!r ?ree pairs4 ,unlay #b & #g = ab\t twelve to f\rte5 in*es1 divide ea* /r& 9 half by remov+ its cov] y>ns 7see ,fig4 #aja71 :ip ) tw9e ! ends ( int]ior y>ns #b & #g2 !n1 leav+ cov] #b1 relay #b until ne> #g & #g1 "h jo9 ) simple knot #b & #g1 ,fig4 #ajb4 ,divide cov] y>ns #g1 & pass #b ?r\gh !m1 cont9u+ on ?r\gh ! rope "u ! two adjac5t /r&s1 avoid+ ! core1 ?us lock+ #b1 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,9 no ev5t pass #b ov] ^! or any o!r /r&s4 ,half-/r& #g mu/ n[ be tak5 c>e (2 at ! "r ( ! knot made ) #b & #g1 #b is slightly rais$ ) a m>l9 spike1 & #g pass$ or tuck$ ar\nd x two or ?ree times1 ^! two half-/r&s =m+ 9 ?is way a :ole /r&4 ,half-/r& #g is tuck$ until cov] #b is rea*$1 ^: y>ns are divid$ & #g pass$ ?r\gh !m & drawn "u ! two adjac5t /r&s1 =m+ aga9 ! lock4 ,! /r& ends at bo? locks are n[ cut (f1 leav+ ab\t two in*es1 s t ! y>ns may draw slightly )\t unlock+4 ,?is completes ! jo9+ ( "o pair ( /r&s1 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,! ?ree rema9+ pairs ( /r&s are jo9$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4 ,aft] ! rope has be5 9 s]vice a few days1 ! project+ ends at locks we> away1 & if tucks h be5 c>efully made1 & ! orig9al twi/ ( y>ns pres]v$1 ! diamet] ( ! rope w n be increas$1 nor c ! splice be locat$ :5 ! rope is 9 motion4 ,,xviii ,,wire ,,rope ,,transmission#ac ,,wire ropes are ext5sively & successfully us$ 9 ! horizontal & incl9$ transmission ( great p[] ( unlimit$ am\nt1 ! advantages ov] hemp rope belt+ be+3 driv+ at v long di/ances1 comp>atively small loss ?r\gh slipp+ & ! possibility ( driv+ 9 ! op5 air4 #ac ,contribut$ to ,p[] by ,c4 ,boys51 ,m4 ,e4 ,v]tical transmission ( p[]1 on acc\nt ( ! weight ( ! rope1 is exclud$4 ,=m]ly ! mat]ial us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! wires 0 be/ *>coal iron1 b n[ almo/ exclusively t\gh crucible-/eel wires are us$1 z /eel wire ropes are /rong]1 d n /ret* z mu*1 & la/ long] ?an iron ropes4 ,! wire ropes consi/ ( six /r&s ( f six to tw5ty wires ea*1 & ! /r&s to =m ! rope are wov5 9 ! opposite direction to ! wires 9 ! /r&4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ea* /r& & 9 ! c5t] ( ! rope a cotton core is plac$4 ,^! cores are ( ! greate/ importance1 = by r$uc+ ! friction ( ! wires aga9/ ea* o!r1 !y s]ve to increase ! lifetime ( ! rope1 :i*1 accord+ to ! /ra9 on ! rope & ! size ( ! smalle/ pulley1 is f "o to ?ree ye>s4 ,to prev5t ru/+1 ! wire ropes receive a coat ( boil$ l9se$ oil1 or a hot mixture consi/+ ( ?ree p>ts ( drip oil & "o "p ( res9 is appli$4 ,?is latt] mixture at ! same "t improves ! adhesion betwe5 ! rope & ! l9+ plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! pulleys1 ?us r$uc+ ! loss caus$ by slipp+ ( ! rope4 ,wire ropes us$ = ! transmission ( p[] %\ld nev] be galvaniz$4 ,! ends ( ! rope are splic$ toge!r1 f #aj to #bj feet be+ necess>y = a good splice2 great c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! splice is made by exp]i5c$ m51 & t ! rope is made long en\gh4 ,a rope /ret*es con/antly f ! "t :5 plac$ on ! pulleys1 ! m s :5 plac$ on ! pulleys tightly4 ,!re=e x has to be made long en\gh to transmit p[] )\t undue t5sion1 & = ?is reason ! di/ance betwe5 ! two pulleys has to be long en\gh & ! work+ /ra9 p] squ>e in* ( section l[ en\gh to all[ suffici5t deflection 9 ! rope4 ,z a guidance to ! am\nt ( deflection necess>y1 be x said t ev5 9 a %ort drive ! deflection ( ! rope1 :5 n runn+1 %\ld n be less ?an #b feet2 & = a di/ance ( #djj feet betwe5 pulley c5t]s1 ! deflection ( ! rope :5 runn+ %\ld be #e feet 9 ! driv+ rope & #aj feet 9 ! driv5 rope4 ,ei!r ! top or ! bottom rope may be ! driv+ "o1 ! =m] be+ pref]able2 b ! ropes %\ld nev] be cross$4 ,p[] c be transmitt$ to a di/ance ( #fjjj feet & m )\t great loss2 b z two pulleys %\ld on no acc\nt be m ?an #ejj feet ap>t1 int]m$iate /ations are plac$ along ! road4 ,precautions %\ld be tak5 aga9/ ! possibility ( ! rope sway+4 ,?is may be caus$ ei!r by ! influ5ce ( ! w9d1 by a bad splice1 by ! rope we>+ too mu*1 by ! pulleys n be+ balanc$ well or by ! pulleys n be+ 9 ! same plane4 ,x is ( importance t ! pulleys be exactly 9 l9e1 & c>eful att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! con/ruction & plac+ ( ! be>+s4 ,al?\gh ! be>+s are n /ra9$ excessively1 ! /eps are usually made long & movable4 ,! connection betwe5 ! %aft & ! pulley is be/ made by means ( tang5tial keys4 ,"s eng9e]s1 :5 two ropes are f\nd necess>y = ! transmission ( ! p[] 9 "q1 use pulleys conta9+ two grooves ea*1 & make ! same k9d ( pulleys = ! int]m$iate /ations ( long-di/ance driv+2 :]eas o!rs advise a sep>ate pulley = ea* rope1 bo? be+ connect$ ) ea* o!r by a clut*4 ,! diamet] ( ! smalle/ pulley has to be l>ge en\gh 9 comp>ison ) ! diamet] ( ! rope or ! ?ickness ( ! s+le wires us$ to easily ov]come ! /iffness 9 ! rope4 ,! l>g] ! pulleys1 ! long] ! rope w la/4 ,! rim ( ! pulley is ,v-%ap$1 & ! bottom ( ! groove is dovetail$ to receive a l9+ ( wood1 rubb] or lea!r1 on :i* ! rope re/s4 ,! l9+ increases ! friction & r$uces ! loss caus$ by slipp+ ( ! rope4 ,lea!r is ! be/ l9+ & la/s ab\t ?ree ye>s4 ,ei!r old belt lea!r1 well saturat$ ) oil1 or new lea!r1 boil$ 9 fi% oil1 c be tak54 ,x is cut 9 pieces ( ! same size z ! dovetail$ "p ( ! groove1 & !n plac$ on & press$ toge!r 9 ! latt]4 ,! press+ is done by means ( a piece ( wood4 ,! la/ rema9+ small space 9 ! groove is fill$ ) s(t rubb]4 ,if ! l9+ has to consi/ ( rubb]1 ?is is s(t5$ & hamm]$ into ! groove4 ,= wood l9+1 ?9 blocks ( ! requir$ size are plac$ into ! groove ?r\gh a hole provid$ 9 ! bottom ( ! rim4 ,?is slot is clos$ by a plate & fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! rim by means ( screws aft] all blocks h be5 ins]t$4 ,! l9+ has to be turn$ absolutely true1 = :i* reason ! fill+ is done :ile ! pulley is /ill 9 ! la!4 ,pulleys up to #c feet 9 diamet] are built ) ca/-iron arms2 :]eas l>g] pulleys h wr\ght-iron arms made ( r\nd iron1 ca/ 9 ! rim & boss4 ,pulleys "u #h feet #f in*es 9 diamet] are made 9 "o piece1 if = o!r reasons x is n necess>y to h !m 9 halves4 ,guide pulleys are us$ = long ropes1 especially if !re is n suffici5t hight above ! gr\nd4 ,! guide pulleys are ( ! same con/ruction z ! ma9 pulleys1 & = ! driv+ rope !y are also made ( ! same diamet]4 ,! diamet] ( ! guide pulleys = ! driv5 rope c be made f #bj to #be p] c5t4 small]4 ,! break+ /r5g? ( unanneal$ wires p] squ>e in* ( section & accord+ to ?ickness & quality is3 ,= iron wires f #gj1jjj to #aaj1jjj p\nds1 & = /eel wires f #aaj1jjj to #acj1jjj p\nds4 ,= ?9n] wires a high] value is tak5 ?an = ?ick ones4 ,! diamet] ( ! wires us$ = mak+ ropes = transmitt+ p[] is f #j4jb to #j4a in*1 & on acc\nt ( ! /iffness1 no wires above ! latt] size %\ld be us$4 ,a rope consi/+ ( a great] numb] ( ?9 wires1 besides be+ /rong] is m pliable & la/s long] ?an a rope ( ! same area consi/+ ( a less numb] ( ?ick] wires4 ,,index ,a ,am]ican ,mfg4 ,co41 #acf ,b ,bau]1 ,*as4 ,a41 #ed ,beams to c>ry /r+]s1 f9d+1 #db ,be>+s1 locat+1 #c ,belt1 build+1 #id ,belt creep1 #ajf dress+1 #ia1 #ajj comp>ative te/1 #ajb runn+ (f1 #aja %ift] device ^u column1 #i sizes1 #acb ,belt1 lea!r1 selection1 #hi m>k+ splic$ "p1 #ab new1 putt+ on1 #ai1 #bj slack1 #ajj splic+ on ! pulleys1 #ha ?r[+ on1 #ab tight1 #ajj wire-lac+1 #ab ,belt-clamps1 use1 #ai ,belt+ & pulley *>t1 #abi ,belt+1 clean+1 #ig horse-p[] transmitt$1 #acb1 #acc use & abuse1 #ii wid?1 #acb ,belts1 clean+1 #hh keep+ clean1 #id lea!r1 c>e & managem5t1 #hi splic+1 #gb ma9 l9e1 #e tak+-up1 #aa ,bird1 ,pr(4 ,wm4 ,w41 #ajf1 #ajg ,blue ,book ( ,rope ,transmission1 #acf ,bo>d = use 9 l9+ c\nt]%aft1 #ce1 #cf ,boil$ l9se$ oil 9 wire rope1 #add ,bolt & nut = mov+ pulleys1 #fb = hang]1 size1 #dj ,bolt1 prev5t+ turn+1 #aa1 #ba ,boys51 ,c41 ,m4 ,e41 #adc ,br&s1 effect on lea!r1 #ij ,break+ /ra9 on %aft1 #bh /r5g? ( unanneal$ wires1 #adf ,buns5 burn]1 use 9 mov+ pulley1 #fb ,bu%+1 split1 #b ,c ,c5t] drive = heavily load$ %aft1 #g /ock1 #ij ,*>t1 belt+ & pulley1 #abi ,clean+ belt+1 #ig ,clut*1 rim-friction1 arrangem5t1 #e ,clut*es1 c\pl+1 #ca tight5+ :ile %aft+ is 9 motion1 #g ,coll>s1 split wood1 #c ,compass saw1 use 9 locat+ beams1 #de ,contact1 extra1 secur+1 #ag ,cont9u\s-wrap sy/em ( rope drive1 #aab -wrap sy/em ) direct-act+ tight5]1 #aac ,core1 cotton1 ( wire rope1 #adc rope1 #abd ,c\nt]%aft1 l9+1 #cb1 #cc1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg ,c\pl+s1 flang$ bolt1 #c ,cresson ,co41 ,geo4 ,v41 catalog1 #acb ,d ,deflection ( rope1 #add ,diamet] ( splice1 #acf rope1 #abd1 #ace ( wires = transmission rope1 #adg ,diamet]s1 pulley1 #aca ,diff]5tial action on ropes1 #aji1 #aab1 #aaf ,disks = plumb-bob1 #di ,di/ance ( p[] transmission by wire rope1 #add ,dixon1 ,walt] ,e41 ,m4 ,e4 #gb11 #hi ,dress+1 wat]pro(1 = belts1 #ia ,driv+ an ov]head floor1 #f ,e ,elb[ bolts1 #df ,em]y clo? = pack+1 #bc1 #bd ,end drive comp>$ ) c5t] drive1 #g ,engli% transmission splice1 #acf ,evans1 ,william1 #ajb ,f ,f>m]1 ,t41 ,jr41 #ajb ,fa/5+ /r&s ( splice1 #acf ,fib]1 rope1 #abd ,fill$ belts1 #ia ,flang$ bolt c\pl+s1 #c ,g ,gasol9e bl[ tor*1 use 9 gett+ oil out ( belt1 #hh ,glu+ a jo9t1 #he ,gre5e1 ,f4 ,s41 #abb ,guide pulleys1 #adf ,h ,hang] adju/m5t1 secur+1 #dj1 #da be>+1 repair+ worn end1 #ad positions1 m>ks1 #c ,hang]1 remov+ to take (f pulley1 #fc slid+ out ( wall box1 #a ,hang]s1 crosswise ( %aft1 #db ,hang]s n all[+ v]tical adju/m5t1 #c ,heads ( hemp1 #abg ,hemp1 #abe1 #abg ,h]rman1 ,*as41 #a1 #ba1 #cb ,holman1 ,a4 ,g41 ,m4 ,e41 #abi ,hook bolts1 #df ,horse-p[] transmitt$ by belt+1 #acb1 #acc ,hoyt1 ,r41 #ajh ,j ,jo9ts 9 lea!r belt1 #ie ,j\rnal$ end ( %aft1 prop] l5g?1 #a ,k ,kavanagh1 ,wm41 #fa ,k5t's ,h&book1 #acb ,k9ks1 practical1 #fa ,l ,lag screws1 bor+ =1 #df ,laps ( lea!r belt1 l5g?1 #ij ( lea!r belt1 ?ickness1 #id ,lea!r belts1 c>e & managem5t1 #hi selection1 #hi ,lea!r-cutt+ tool1 #ge ,lea!r1 l5g? = belt1 #ij1 #ie ,l5g? ( splice1 #ace ,level+ %aft+1 #ed1 #eh ,l9e1 level+1 #eb sett+1 #ea ,l9+ a c\nt]%aft1 #cb1 #cc1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg ( pulley1 wire rope transmission1 #ade %aft+1 #cj1 #ed ,loos5+ pulley t has seiz$1 #bf ,lubrication ( rope1 #abc ,m ,mc,barnes1 ,wm4 ,h41 #ii ,ma9 %aft belt$ to eng9e & to c\nt]%aft1 #h ,m>ks on ends ( %afts1 #b to %[ hang] positions1 #c ,m\nt+ dynamos & motors1 #ah ,mule belt1 #ac ,multiple-rope sy/em1 #ajh ,n ,neatsfoot oil z belt dress+1 #ajc ,o ,oil1 boil$ l9se$1 on wire rope1 #add effect on belt1 #ib gett+ out ( belt1 #hg ,p ,pack+ to secure good clamp+ fit1 #bc1 #bd ,plank to use 9 slid+ hang] out ( wall box1 #a ,plumb-bob1 #di1 #eh -bob me?od ( l9+ c\nt]%aft1 #ch ,po9t slipp+1 #ib ,p[] transmission by wire ropes1 di/ance1 #add ,practical k9ks1 #fa ,pulley & belt+ *>t1 #abi diamet]s1 #aca1 #ade l9+1 wire rope transmission1 #ade %afts hold+ arrangem5t & adju/+ contrivance1 #ac spe$1 #abi ,pulley1 ca/-iron1 mov+1 #fb driv+1 location1 #e loose1 #fa seiz$1 loos5+1 #be1 #bf ,pulleys = wire rope transmission1 #ade1 #adg ,pulleys1 guide1 #adf loos5+1 #fe1 #fg1 #gj mov+1 #fb remov+1 #fe1 #fg1 #gj solid1 #d split1 #e ,r ,rope1 core1 #abd diamet]1 #abd1 #ace diff]5tial action1 #aji1 #aab1 #aaf drives1 #ajh fib]s1 #abd lubrication1 #abc splic+1 #ace /r&s1 #abd transmission1 #ace new s*eme1 #aae ord]+1 #abb ,ropes1 slack1 #aaa tight1 #aaa ,ru/+ ( wire rope1 prev5t+1 #add ,s ,scrap]s = remov+ glue1 #gd1 #ge ,scrap]s1 turn+ edge1 #gf1 #gg ,seiz+ ( pulley1 #be ,sep>ate-rope sy/em1 #ajh ,set-screws1 use1 #bc ,%aft1 break+ /ra91 #bh causes ( break+1 #af prev5t+ turn+1 #ae1 #af repair+ break1 #ag j\rnal$ (f to act z coll>1 #b l5g? ( j\rnal$ "p ( end1 #a ,%aft l9e1 space betwe5 end & wall1 #c ,%aft+1 app>atus = level+ & l9+1 #ed h9ts1 #a1 #ba1 #cb level+1 #eh l9e1 turn+ up1 #di l9+1 #cj te/+ al9em5t & level1 #bi ,%afts ( light-work+ c\nt]s1 m>r+1 #aj ,%eaves1 #ace ,%eet iron = pack+1 #bd ,sizes ( belts1 #acb ( rope1 effect1 #aaj ,slack ropes1 #aaa ,slip ( belt1 legitimate1 #ajg ,space betwe5 end ( %aft l9e & wall1 #c ,spe$1 pulley1 #abi ,splice1 diamet]1 #acf ,engli% transmission1 #acf fa/5+ /r&s1 #acf l5g?1 #ace ,splice op5] = heavy belts1 #gb ,splice1 wire rope1 #add workman%ip1 #acf ,splic$ "p ( belt1 m>k+1 #ab ,splic+ belt on ! pulleys1 #ha bo>d1 #gh1 #gi lea!r belts1 #gb rope1 #ace ,split bu%+1 #b ,split-pulley1 tight5+1 #bc ,split wood coll>s1 #c ,/eel = %>p5+ scrap]1 #gf ,/illson wr5*1 use1 #bb ,/r&s ( rope1 #abd ,/ret*]s1 position1 #di ,/r+]s1 locat+ beams to c>ry1 #db ,/r+]s ( drop hang]s1 ?ickness1 #ch ,sup]ior #b;ds hemp1 #abg ,sway+ ( rope1 prev5t+1 #ade ,t ,take-up = rope drive1 #aab -up %eave = rope drive1 #aaf ,te/+ al9em5t & level ( %aft+1 #bi ,tight ropes1 #aaa ,tight5]1 automatic1 = rope drive1 #aac ,tight5] = #ca-rope drive1 #aag sy/em1 dang]\s1 #f ,tight5+ ropes1 #aab ,timb]s ( bo>d$-ov] ceil+1 locat+1 #db1 #de ,t9 = pack+1 #bd ,tool = level+ %aft+1 #eh ,tools = splic+ lea!r belts1 #gb ,transmission rope1 #ace rope1 ord]+1 #abb ,transmission1 wire rope1 #adc rope1 deflection ( rope1 #add ,travel+ take-up = rope drive1 #aab ,tuck+ /r&s1 #aci ,turn+ edge ( scrap]s1 #gf1 #gg up l9e %aft+1 #di ,v ,v-%ap$ rails1 = m\nt+ dynamos & motors1 #ah ,v]tical adju/m5t = hang]s1 #c ,w ,wat]1 effect on belt1 #ib ,wid? ( belt+1 #acb1 #acc ,willis1 ,geo4 ,f41 #aae ,wire diamet]1 = transmission rope1 #adg ,wire-lac+ a belt1 #ab ,wire rope1 splice1 #add transmission1 #adc ,wr5*1 prop] way to use1 #bb ,z ,zebu manila hemp1 #abe1 #abg ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s typos 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+ has be5 pres]v$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & comp\nd words h be5 pres]v$4 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,bold type is %[n ?us3 %\t4 ,small capitals h be5 capitalis$4 ,punctuation has be5 pres]v$ z x appe>s 9 ! orig9al publication4 ,due to space con/ra9ts ! table on p#ace has be5 split4 ,subscript %[n by und]score 1 sup]script by 4