,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,a subscript is d5ot$ by x1 = example ,c#b4 ,basic fractions are display$ z etc2 o!r fractions are %[n 9 ! =m a_/b1 = example #a_/add or #e_/ab4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,h>p]',s ,,libr>y ( ,,liv+ ,,?\ght ,illu/ration3 7publi%] colophon7 ,illu/ration3 ,,diamonds ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,crookes ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,,london ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cull9an ,,diamond4 ,f a photograph by ! ,au?or4 7,see pages #gf-gi47 ,frontispiece4 ,,diamonds ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,crookes ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,=eign ,sec4 ,r4,s41 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 7,birm+ham71 ,hon4 ,sc4,d4 7,camb4 & ,dubl471 ,hon4 ,d4,sc4 7,oxon4 & ,cape ( ,good ,hope72 ,pa/ ,pres4 ,*em4 ,soc41 ,brit4 ,assoc41 ,in/4 ,elect4 ,eng41 ,soc4 ,psy*4 ,res42 ,hon4 ,mem4 ,roy4 ,phil4 ,soc4 ,glasg[1 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,n4,s4,w41 ,ph>m4 ,soc41 ,*em4 ,metall4 & ,m9+ ,soc4 ( ,s\? ,africa1 ,am]4 ,*em4 ,soc41 ,am]4 ,philos4 ,soc41 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,sci4 ,upsala1 ,deuts*4 ,*em4 ,gesell4 ,b]l91 ,psy*ol4 ,soc4 ,p>is1 8,antonio ,alzate0 ,sci4 ,soc4 ,mexico4 ,sci4 ,soc4 ,bu*>e/1 ,reg4 ,accad4 ,zelanti1 ,aci ,reale2 ,corresp4 ,in/4 de ,france 7,acad4 ,sci471 ,corresp4 ,mem4 ,bataafs* ,g5oots4 ,rott]dam1 ,soc4 d',enc\ragem5t p\r l',indu/4 ,p>is1 ,=4 ,mem4 ,accad4 ,l9cei ,rome4 ,,) #bd ,,illu/rations ,,london ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs #de ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,w4 #aiji ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,,my ,,companion ,,& ,,fri5d ,,( ,,fifty-,,f\r ,,ye>s4 ,,to ,,h] ,,judgm5t ,,& ,,advice ,i ,,owe ,,m ,,?an ,i ,,c ,,ev] ,,repay ,,& ,,to ,,h] ,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,book4 ,,preface ,! foll[+ pages are bas$ on p]sonal obs]vations dur+ two visits to ,kimb]ley1 9 #ahif & #aije1 & on p]sonal rese>*es on ! =mation & artificial production ( diamonds4 ,9 #ahif ,i sp5t ne>ly a mon? at ,kimb]ley1 :5 ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,f4 ,williams1 ! ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 & ! manag]s ( neighb\r+ m9es1 did _! utmo/ to aid 9 my zeal\s que/ = reliable in=mation4 ,!y gave me free access to all work+s above & bel[ gr\nd1 all[$ me to exam9e at leisure _! /ock & to take extracts f _! books4 ,i _h exceptional opportunities ( /udy+ ! geology ( ! ,diamond & ( not+ ! /range cataclysmal facts connect$ ) ! bir?1 gr[?1 & physics ( ! lu/r\s /ones4 ,9 #aije ) my wife ,i return$ to ,kimb]ley4 ,we 7 memb]s ( ! ,briti% ,association :i* held its meet+ t ye> 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,i 0 ask$ to give "o ( ! ,association lectures at ,kimb]ley & x 0 natural = me to disc\rse 8,on ,diamonds40 ,dur+ our /ay we 7 ! gue/s ( ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,williams4 ,return+ to ,engl& aft] ! visit ( #ahif1 ,i gave two lectures on ,diamonds at ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute & "o at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,^! lectures1 & ! lecture deliv]$ at ,kimb]ley1 9 #aije--;hi!rto only privately di/ribut$--=m ! basis ( ! pres5t volume4 ,on ea* visit ,i took abundant photographs1 _m ( :i* ,i n[ reproduce4 ,a few are copi$ f plans l5t by ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,williams & "o or two are f photographs pur*as$ at ,kimb]ley4 ,9 obta9+ /ati/ical in=mation ( ! ,diamond indu/ry1 ,i owe mu* to ! ,annual ,reports ( ! ,de ,be]s ,company4 ,i h also quot$ freely f ,reun>t's valuable book on ,diamonds & ,gold 9 ,s\? ,africa2 & ,i r5d] my ackn[l$gm5ts to ! au?ors ( ! foll[+ pap]s & memoirs4 ,on a ,visit to ! ,diamond ,fields ( ,s\? ,africa1 ) ,notices ( ,geological ,ph5om5a by ! ,wayside4 ,by ,john ,pat]son1 ,esq41 ,m4,a4 ,on ! ,mode ( ,occurr5ce ( ,diamonds 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,dunn4 ,on ! ,orig9 & ,pres5t ,position ( ! ,diamonds ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,coop]1 ,esq41 ( ,graaf ,re9et4 ,on ! ,"* ( ! ,diamantif]\s ,rock ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,pr(4 ,n4 ,/orey ,maskelyne1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,keep]1 & ,dr4 ,w4 ,flight1 ,assi/ant 9 ! ,m9]al ,dep>tm5t1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,fur!r ,notes on ! ,diamond ,fields ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,dunn4 ,notes on ! ,diamond ,fields ( ,s\? ,africa1 #ahhj4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,dunn4 ,analogies betwe5 ! ,diamond ,deposits 9 ,s\? ,africa & ^? 9 ,meteorites4 ,by ,m4 ,daubre4 ,notes on ! ,diamond-be>+ ,rock ( ,kimb]ley1 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,b4 ,/one1 ,pr(4 ,t4 ,g4 ,bonney1 & ,miss ,rais94 ,notes on ! ,diamond ,rock ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,hudle/on4 ,! ,p>5t ,rock ( ! ,diamond 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ! ,rev]5d ,pr(essor ,t4 ,g4 ,bonney4 ,! ,presid5tial ,address1 by ,grove ,c>l ,gilb]t1 to ! ,geological ,society ( ,wa%+ton1 on ,! ,orig9 ( ,hypo!ses4 ,illu/rat$ by ! ,discussion ( a ,topographical ,problem4 #ahif4 ,le ,f\r ,electrique4 ,by ,h5ri ,moissan4 #ahig4 ,! ,diamond ,m9es ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,f4 ,williams4 7,9 ?is publication ! /ory ( ! rise & developm5t ( ! indu/ry is exhau/ively n>rat$47 ,briti% ,association1 ,s\? ,african ,meet+1 #ahif1 ,kimb]ley ,h&book4 ,! ,meteor ,crat] ( ,canyon ,diablo1 ,arizona2 its ,hi/ory1 ,orig91 & ,associat$ ,meteoric ,irons4 ,by ,george ,p4 ,m]rill4 #aijh4 ,9 ! pres5t volume ,i h tri$ to give "s idea ( ! und]gr\nd wond]s ( ! ,kimb]ley m9es4 ,i h pictur$ ! /r5u\s toil ( ! m5 :o br+ to ! surface ! buri$ treasures1 & ,i h giv5 "s idea ( ! skill & +5uity ) :i* _! lab\rs are controll$4 ,i h done my be/ to expla9 ! fi]y orig9 ( ! ,diamond1 & to describe ! gl[+1 molt51 subt]ranean furnaces :]e !y fir/ beg9 my/]i\sly to take %ape4 ,i h %[n t a diamond is ! outcome ( a s]ies ( ,titanic e>? convulsions1 & t ^! preci\s gems und]go cycles ( fi]y1 /range1 & pot5t vicissitudes be=e !y c blaze on a r+ or a ti>a4 ,i am glad to h paid ^! two visits to ,s\? ,africa4 ,i always recall ) int]e/ ! dusky smil+ natives at "w & at play4 ,i am glad to h se5 t ,arabian ,nights vision1 ! /rong-room ( ! ,de ,be]s ,company4 ,above all1 ,i h vividly grav5 on my he>t ! fri5dly welcome1 & ! innum]able acts ( k9dness %[n u by our able1 en]getic1 & ent]pris+ ,colonial fell[-c\ntrym54 ,w4 ,c4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,prelim9>y #a ,,ii4 ,,kimb]ley ,,& ,,its ,,diamond ,,m9es #ad ,,iii4 ,,kimb]ley ,,m9es ,,at ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day #cd ,,iv4 ,,collect+ ,,! ,,gems #ee ,v4 ,,! ,,diamond ,,(fice #gc ,,vi4 ,,notewor?y ,,diamonds #gf ,,vii4 ,,bo>t1 ,,c>bonado1 ,,& ,,graphite #ha ,,viii4 ,,physical ,,& ,,*emical ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,! ,,diamond #hi ,,ix4 ,,g5esis ,,( ,,! ,,diamond #aae ,x4 ,,! ,,natural ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,diamond #abg ,,xi4 ,,meteoric ,,diamonds #acd ,,index #ada ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates ,! ,cull9an ,diamond1 f a photograph by ! ,au?or 7see pp4 #gf-gi7 ,frontispiece ,,fig4 ,,fac+ ,,page #a4 ,riv] ,wa%+s at ,klipdam #aj #b4 ,plan ( ! ,kimb]ley ,diamond ,m9es #aj #c4 ,kimb]ley ,m9e4 ,! 8,pipe0 #ah #d4 ,section ( ,kimb]ley ,m9e #ah #e4 ,wesselton ,diamond ,m9e4 ,op5 ,work+s #cd #f4 ,de ,be]s ,comp\nd #dj #g4 ,de ,be]s ,m9e4 ,und]gr\nd ,work+s #dj #h4 ,de ,be]s ,wa%+ & ,conc5trat+ ,ma*9]y #dh #i4 ,sort+ ,conc5trates = ,diamonds4 ,de ,be]s #ed #aj4 ,de ,be]s ,diamond ,(fice4 #be1jjj c>ats #gb #aa4 ,de ,be]s ,diamond ,(fice4 ,! ,valuators' ,table #gb #ab4 ,a gr\p ( l>ge ,diamond ,cry/als #gf #ac4 ,"s ,hi/oric ,diamonds #hj #ad4 ,cry/all9e =ms ( native ,diamonds #hf #ae4 ,triangul> ,m>k+s on natural face ( a ,diamond ,cry/al #hh #af4 ,triangul> ,m>k+s artificially produc$ on a ,diamond ,cry/al #hh #ag4 ,diamond-cut ,glass & ,%av+s #ih #ah4 ,diamonds 9 ,rntg5 ,rays4 ,a4 ,black ,diamond 9 gold frame4 ,b4 ,p9k ,delhi ,diamond4 ,c4 ,pa/e ,imitation ( ,b4 #ih #ai4 ,curve ( ,vap\r ,pressure ( ,c>bon page #aac #bj4 ,moissan's ,electric ,furnace #aaf #ba4 ,artificial ,diamond made by ! ,au?or f molt5 iron #abj #bb4 ,moissan's ,artificial ,diamonds #abj #bc4 ,diamonds f ,canyon ,diablo ,meteorite #ach ,,diamonds ,,*apt] ,i ,,prelim9>y ,f ! e>lie/ times ! diamond has fasc9at$ mank9d4 ,x has be5 a p]5nial puzzle--"o ( ! 8riddles ( ! pa9ful e>?40 ,x is record$ 9 ,sprat's ,hi/ory ( ! ,royal ,society 7#affg7 t among ! que/ions s5t by ord] ( ! ,society to ,sir ,philib]to ,v]natti1 ,resid5t 9 ,batavia1 0 "o inquir+ 8,:e!r ,diamonds gr[ aga9 aft] ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 ! same places :]e !y h be5 digg$ out80 ,! answ] s5t back 01 8,nev]1 or at lea/ z ! memory ( man c atta9 to40 ,9 a lecture 8,on ,diamonds10 fifty ye>s ago1#a ,pr(essor ,maskelyne said1 8,! diamond is a sub/ance :i* transc5ds all o!rs 9 c]ta9 prop]ties to :i* x is indebt$ = its usefulness 9 ! arts & its beauty z an ornam5t4 ,?us1 on ! "o h&1 x is ! h>de/ sub/ance f\nd 9 nature or fa%ion$ by art4 ,its reflect+ p[] & refractive en]gy1 on ! o!r h&1 exce$ ^? ( all o!r col\rless bodies1 :ile x yields to none 9 ! p]fection ( its pellucidity40 ,he 0 con/ra9$ to add1 8,! =mation ( ! diamond is an unsolv$ problem40 ,diamonds are f\nd 9 widely sep>at$ p>ts ( ! globe4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !y h be5 f\nd 9 ,arkansas1 :]e ! "w ( te/+ ! deposits is n[ go+ on /eadily & quietly4 ,! g5]al geology & petrography ( ! area & ! wea!r+ ( ! p]idotite are describ$ 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s by ,messrs4 ,kunz & ,wa%+ton4 ,9 te/s made ) a diamond drill ! p]idotite 0 prov$ to dep?s ( #bjj feet4 ,! gre5 & yell[ gr\nds und]ly+ ! lay] ( black1 /icky soil are f\nd to ext5d d[n #dj feet 9 places1 & are e/imat$ to av]age #bj feet 9 dep? ov] ! area4 ,! outcrop ( ! p]idotite is e/imat$ to cov] ab\t #dj acres1 & may be l>g]4 ,"s #edj diamonds h be5 f\nd1 ) an aggregate ( #bjj c>ats4 ,! l>ge/ /one weighs ab\t #fe c>ats1 ?\gh ! av]age size comp>es fav\rably ) ! g5]al run ( mo/ ( ! ,s\? ,african m9es4 ,!re is a l>ge proportion ( :ite /ones1 _m ( :i* are free f flaws & are v brilliant4 ,! g5u95ess ( ! occurr5ce ( diamonds 9 _! matrix is aga9 prov$1 "o /one hav+ be5 f\nd imb$d$ 9 ! gre5 gr\nd at a dep? ( #ae feet4 ,?is p]idotite has ! =m ( a volcanic pipe1 & !re=e its outcrop is limit$ to "o place4 ,9 ,cali=nia au!ntic f9ds ( diamonds are record$ 9 ,butte ,c\nty1 especially at ,*]okee1 above ,orville4 ,^! diamonds1 h[ev]1 h come f alluvial deposits & h be5 f\nd g5]ally 9 wa%+ = gold4 ,z yet no au!nticat$ discov]y ( diamond 9 its orig9al matrix 9 ,cali=nia is record$4 ,9 ,brazil ! diamond indu/ry has be5 increas+ ( late ye>s1 & ! old m9es 9 ! ,diamant9a c\ntry are be+ work$ by ,am]ican capital & by ! ,am]ican me?ods :i* h prov$ s successful at ,de ,be]s4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! annual value ( ! diamonds export$ f ,brazil am\nts to ov] #hjj1jjj1 b x is impossible to arrive at accurate figures ow+ to ! l>ge quantities smuggl$ out ( ! c\ntry to avoid paym5t ( ! export tax4 ,briti% ,guiana produces a small quantity ( diamonds1 mo/ly1 h[ev]1 ( small size4 ,betwe5 ,janu>y & ,septemb]1 #aijg1 #aefd c>ats 7 export$4 ,indian diamonds *iefly come f ! /ates ( ,panna1 ,*>kh>i1 & ,ajaig>h4 ,9 #aije ,india export$ #cjei c>ats1 valu$ at #eafj4 ,,cape ,,colony ,x is a /&+ surprise to ! wat*ful outsid] h[ little att5tion is be/[$ on "s ( our colonies4 ,= in/ance1 to ! ,cape ,colony1 compris+ va/1 v>i$1 & productive regions1 we h till rec5tly manife/$ pr(\nd ignorance & consequ5t indiff]5ce4 ,:5 ! ,cape ,colony 0 fir/ incorporat$ ) ! ,empire1 x 0 pron\nc$ 8a bauble1 unwor?y ( ?anks40 ,yet be=e ! ,suez ,canal & ! ,waghorn ov]l& r\te to ,india1 ! ,cape1 z comm&+ our road to ,india1 ,au/ralia1 & ,*9a1 _h a special importance4 ,ev5 n[ x pres5ts an alt]native r\te :i* "u conceivable circum/ances may be ( capital mom5t4 ,! high gr\nds above ,cape ,t[n are ri* 9 m$ic9al heal?-giv+ wat]s4 ,! di/ricts :]e ^! spr+s occur are high-ly+1 free f mal>ia1 & admirably adapt$ = ! re/oration ( invalids4 ,x ne$s only "s di/+ui%$ p[] to set ! fa%ion1 "s emp]or1 pr9ce1 or reign+ beauty to take ! ba?s & dr9k ! wat]s1 & ! tide ( t\ri/s w\ld c>ry prosp]ity to ,aliwal ,nor?1 ,fras]burg1 ,cradock1 & ,=t ,beau=t4 ,s\? ,africa1 z ,i %all endeav\r to %[ 9 detail1 is ! mo/ important s\rce ( diamonds on ! e>?1 & ranks ) ,au/ralia & ,cali=nia z "o ( ! ?ree great gold-yield+ regions4 ,b ! weal? ( ,s\? ,africa is n only 9 its gold & diamonds4 ,! prov9ce ( ,natal conta9s m coal ?an ,brita9 ev] own$ be=e a s+le bucket _h be5 rais$1 & ! b$s ext5d ov] ! ,orange ,riv] ,colony1 :il/ valuable iron ores exi/ also 9 l>ge quantities4 ,9 ! ye> #ahif ,i sp5t ne>ly a mon? at ,kimb]ley4 ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,f4 ,williams1 ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 & ! ,manag]s ( neighb\r+ m9es1 did _! utmo/ to assi/ me 9 my inquiries & to ply me ) valuable in=mation4 ,i _h full access to all ! work+s1 above & bel[ gr\nd1 & 0 able to exam9e at leisure _! /ock & take extracts f _! books4 ,aga91 9 ! ye> #aije1 ,i paid ano!r visit to ,kimb]ley z ! gue/ ( ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,williams on ! occasion ( ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,,riv] ,,wa%+s ,besides ! matrix m9es1 :]e ! /ones are f\nd 9 pipes suppos$ to be ( volcanic orig91 ! alluvial deposits on ! ,vaal ,riv] are ( consid]able importance4 ,! t]races & gravels along ! ,vaal ,riv] = ab\t #bjj miles h be5 work$ = diamonds1 ! deposits sometimes ext5d+ sev]al miles on ea* side ( ! riv]1 & v>y+ f a few in*es to #dj or #ej feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! diamonds are f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e ?r\gh ! gravel deposit4 ,be=e describ+ ! pres5t mode ( diamond extraction foll[$ 9 ! important m9es1 ,i w comm5ce ) ^! 8,riv] ,wa%+s10 :]e1 9 _! primitive simplicity1 c be se5 ! modes ( "w & ! simple ma*9]y long s9ce disc>d$ 9 ! l>ge c5tres ( ! indu/ry4 ,! drift or s-call$ 8riv] wa%+s0 pres5t a v int]e/+ phase ( diamond indu/ry4 ,! "w is c>ri$ on 9 ! primitive fa%ion adopt$ 9 ! e>ly days ( diamond discov]y1 e man work+ on 8 own little claim1 assi/$ by a few natives1 & employ+ primitive ma*9]y 7,fig4 #a74 ,! *ief c5tre ( ! ,vaal ,riv] wa%+s is ab\t #cj miles to ! nor?-we/ ( ,kimb]ley1 at a place call$ ,klipdam ,no4 #b4 ,!re 0 orig9ally a ,klipdam a few miles fur!r1 & "h ! m9]s congregat$1 b ! exhau/ion ( _! claims made !m migrate to o!rs n f> (f & report$ to be ri*]4 ,"h1 accord+ly1 !y re-erect$ _! iron h\ses & call$ x ,klipdam ,no4 #b4 ,x is a mi/ake to speak ( 8riv] wa%+s40 ,! diamantif]\s deposits are n special to ! old or rec5t riv] b$1 b appe> to be alluvial deposits spread ov] a l>ge tract ( c\ntry by ! ag5cy ( wat]1 :i* at "s p]iod ( "t subsequ5t to ! fill+ up ( ! volcanic pipes plan$ (f project+ kopjes f ! surface ( ! c\ntry & scatt]$ ! debris broadca/ ov] ! l& to ! nor?-we/ ( ,kimb]ley4 ,! l>g] diamonds & o!r heavy m9]als w\ld naturally seek ! l[e/ places1 correspond+ ) ! riv] b$1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,! fact t no diamonds are f\nd 9 ! alluvial deposits ne> ,kimb]ley may p]haps be expla9$ by suppos+ t ! fir/ ru% 0 suffici5tly /rong to c>ry ! debris pa/ )\t deposition1 & t deposition occurr$ :5 ! /ream slack5$ spe$4 ,at ,klipdam ,no4 #b ! diamantif]\s e>? is rem>kably l riv] gravel1 ( a /rong r$ col\r--q diff]5t f ! ,kimb]ley blue gr\nd--& =ms a lay] f #a to #h feet ?ick1 ly+ ov] a 8h>d pan0 ( amygdaloidal trap1 ! melaphyre ( ! ,kimb]ley m9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,riv] ,,wa%+s ,,at ,,klipdam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,kimb]ley ,,diamond ,,m9es4 ,to face p4 #aj4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,klipdam ! m9]s _h congregat$ at a spot call$ 8,new ,ru%10 :]e "s good f9ds ( diamonds _h be5 report$4 ,! gravel is dug & put into a ma*9e resembl+ ! gold m9]'s dolly1 :]e x is rock$ & /irr$ by rakes1 ) a curr5t ( wat] fl[+ ov] x4 ,"h all ! f9e /uff is wa%$ away & a r\gh k9d ( conc5tration effect$4 ,! residual gravel is put on a table & sort$ = diamonds--an op]ation p]=m$ by ! ma/]4 ,at "o ( ! claims :]e "w 0 proce$+ vigor\sly ,i ask$ ! proprietor to let me be pres5t at ! sort+ out1 z ,i %\ld l to see riv] diamonds4 ,he will+ly cons5t$1 b no diamonds 7 to be f\nd4 ,on my express+ regret1 he said he _h n se5 a diamond = a =tnight6 ,i rem>k$ t ! prospect 0 r a poor "o1 b he told me t a =tnight be=e he pick$ out "o wor? #cjj1 8& t10 he said1 8w pay = sev]al weeks' wages ( my boys40 ,?is is ! k9d ( speculative gambl+ t goes on at ! riv] digg+s4 ,! m9] may toil fruitlessly = mon?s1 & !n come across a pocket ( /ones1 :]e !y h be5 swept by "s eddy1 by :i* he w net sev]al ?\s&s4 ,diamonds f ! 8riv] wa%+s0 are ( all k9ds1 z if contribut$ by e m9e 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,!y are mu* roll$ & et*$1 & conta9 a good proportion ( fir/-class /ones2 !y are ( v good quality1 z if only ! bett] & l>g] /ones _h surviv$ ! ordeal ( knock+ ab\t4 ,diamonds f ! drift fet* ab\t #dj p] c5t m ?an ^? f ,kimb]ley2 tak+ ! yield ( ! ,kimb]ley & ,de ,be]s m9es z wor? all r\nd1 l>ge & small1 #bfs4 #f;d4 a c>at1 ^? f ! drift are wor? #djs4 ,z a rule ! bett] class ( natives--! ,zulus1 ,matabeles1 ,basutos1 & ,be*uanas--:5 well treat$1 are v hone/ & loyal to _! ma/]s4 ,an amus+ in/ance ( ! devotion ( a ,zulu came to my k at ,klipdam4 ,he _h be5 sup]9t5d+ a gang ( natives on a small claim at ! riv] wa%+s4 ,x yield$ b few /ones1 & ! own]--my in=mant--sold ! claim1 h&+ ov] ! plant & small /aff1 our fri5d ! ,zulu rema9+ to look aft] ! bus9ess till ! new own] took possession4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s ! pur*as] became dissatisfi$ ) 8 b>ga91 n a s+le diamond hav+ turn$ up s9ce ! transf]4 ,"o night ! ,zulu came to 8 old ma/] 9 a my/]i\s mann]1 & lay+ a h&ful ( diamonds on ! table1 said1 8,!re1 ,baas1 are y\r diamonds2 ,i 0 n go+ to let ! new man h any ( !m60 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,kimb]ley ,,& ,,its ,,diamond ,,m9es ,! fam\s diamond m9es 9 ! neighb\rhood are ,kimb]ley1 ,de ,be]s1 ,dutoitspan1 ,bultfonte91 & ,wesselton 7,fig4 #b74 ,!y are situat$ 9 latitude #bh #dc ,s\? & longitude #bd #df ,ea/4 ,kimb]ley is practically 9 ! c5tre ( ! pres5t diamond-produc+ area4 ,besides ^! m9es o!rs ( "s importance ( ! ,orange ,riv] ,colony are kn[n z ,jagg]sfonte9 & ,k(fyfonte91 ,lace1 & ,mona/]y1 besides two new m9es1 ! ,rob]ts-,victor & ! ,voorspo$4 ,! areas ( ! m9es are3 ,kimb]ley #cc acres ,de ,be]s #bb acres ,dutoitspan #de acres ,bultfonte9 #cf acres ,9 #aijg ! total numb] ( c>ats rais$ f ^! m9es 0 m ?an two million & a half1 ! sales ( :i* realis$ #f1deb1eig4 ,! mo/ important m9e outside ! ,kimb]ley gr\p is ! new ,premi] ,m9e1 ab\t #bj miles ,we/-,nor?-,we/ ( ,pretoria1 :]e ! fam\s ,cull9an diamond 0 f\nd4 ,o!r diamond m9es are ! ,frank ,smi?1 ,wesselton1 ! ,kamf]sdam1 ! ,kimb]ley ,we/1 ! ,newl&s1 & ! ,leice/] ,m9e4 ,! surface ( ! c\ntry r\nd ,kimb]ley is cov]$ ) a f]rug9\s r$1 adhesive1 s&y soil1 :i* makes horse traffic v heavy4 ,bel[ ! r$ soil is a basalt1 mu* decompos$ & highly f]rug9\s1 f #bj to #ij feet ?ick1 & l[] /ill f #bjj to #bej feet ( black slaty %ale conta9+ c>bon & iron pyrites4 ,^! are kn[n z ! ,kimb]ley %ales2 !y are v combu/ible1 & 9 a "p ( ! ,de ,be]s ,m9e :]e !y 7 accid5tally fir$ !y sm\ld]$ = ov] eighte5 mon?s4 ,!n foll[s a b$ ( conglom]ate ab\t #aj feet ?ick1 & bel[ ! conglom]ate ab\t #djj feet ( a h>d1 compact rock ( an olive col\r1 call$ 8,melaphyre10 or oliv9e diabase4 ,bel[ ! melaphyre is a h>d qu>tzite ab\t #djj feet ?ick4 ,! /rata are almo/ horizontal1 dipp+ slightly to ! nor?2 9 places !y are di/ort$ & brok5 ?r\gh by protrud+ dykes ( trap4 ,!re is no wat] ne>] ?an ! ,vaal ,riv]1 ab\t #ad miles away1 & =m]ly ! m9]s 7 dep5d5t on ra9-wat] & a few spr+s & pools4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 a con/ant & abundant supply ( excell5t wat] is s]v$ to ! t[n1 :il/ good brick h\ses1 ) g>d5s & or*>ds1 spr+ up on all sides4 ,to m>k ! rate ( progress1 ,kimb]ley has an excell5t club & "o ( ! be/ public libr>ies 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,p>ts ( ! t[n1 affectionately call$ 8! camp0 by ! old] inhabitants1 are n beyond ! galvanis$ iron /age1 & ! g5]al appe>ance is unlovely & depress+4 ,reun]t reckons t ov] a million trees h be5 cut d[n to supply timb] = ! m9es1 & ! :ole c\ntry )9 a radius ( #ajj miles has be5 d5ud$ ( wood ) ! mo/ injuri\s effects on ! climate4 ,! extreme dryness ( ! air1 & ! abs5ce ( trees to break ! =ce ( ! w9d & temp] ! heat ( ! sun1 probably acc\nt = ! du/ /orms s frequ5t 9 summ]4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! day frequ5tly rises to #ajj 9 ! %ade1 b 9 s dry a climate ?is is n unpleasant1 & ,i felt less oppress$ by ?is heat ?an ,i did 9 ,london ! previ\s ,septemb]4 ,moreov]1 9 ,kimb]ley1 ow+ to ! high altitude1 ! nights are always cool4 ,! approa* to ,kimb]ley is deadly dull4 ,! c\ntry is almo/ treeless1 & ! b>e veldt /ret*es its level l5g?1 reliev$ only by di/ant hills on ! horizon4 ,,! ,,pipes ,,or ,,crat]s ,! five diamond m9es or crat]s are all conta9$ 9 a circle #c miles 9 diamet]4 ,!y are irregul>ly %ap$ r\nd or oval pipes1 ext5d+ v]tically d[nw>ds to an unkn[n dep?1 reta9+ ab\t ! same diamet] ?r\gh\t 7,fig4 #c74 ,!y are said to be volcanic necks1 fill$ f bel[ ) a het]og5e\s mixture ( fragm5ts ( ! surr\nd+ rocks1 & ( old] rocks su* z granite1 m+l$ & cem5t$ ) a blui%-col\r$1 h>d clayey mass1 9 :i* fam\s blue clay ! imb$d$ diamonds are hidd54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,kimb]ley ,,m9e4 ,,! 8,,pipe40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,section ,,( ,,kimb]ley ,,m9e4 ,to face p4 #ah4 ,! crat]s or m9es are situate 9 depressions1 :i* h no outlets = ! wat] :i* falls ^u ! neighb\r+ hills4 ,! wat]%$s ( ^! hills dra9 into ponds1 call$ pans or vleis4 ,! wat]1 :i* accumulates 9 ^! ponds dur+ ! ra9y season1 evaporates dur+ ! dry mon?s1 only "o ( !m hold+ wat] ?r\gh\t ! dry season4 ,! rocks :i* surr\nd ! crat]s are capp$ by r$ soil or calc>e\s tufa1 & 9 places by bo?1 ! r$ soil cov]+ ! tufa4 ,! diamantif]\s breccia fill+ ! m9es1 usually call$ 8blue gr\nd10 is a collection ( fragm5ts ( %ale1 v>i\s eruptive rocks1 b\ld]s1 & cry/als ( _m k9ds ( m9]als4 ,inde$1 a m het]og5e\s mixture c h>dly be f\nd any:]e else on ?is globe4 ,! gr\nd mass is ( a blui% gre51 soapy to ! t\* & friable1 especially aft] exposure to ! wea!r4 ,pr(essor ,maskelyne consid]s x to be a hydrat$ bronzite ) a little s]p5t9e4 ,! ,kimb]ley m9e is fill$ = ! fir/ #gj or #hj feet ) :at is call$ 8yell[ gr\nd10 & bel[ t ) 8blue gr\nd0 7,fig4 #d74 ,?is sup]pos$ yell[ on blue is common to all ! m9es4 ,! blue is ! unalt]$ gr\nd1 & owes its col\r *iefly to ! pres5ce ( l[] oxides ( iron4 ,:5 atmosph]ic influ5ces h access to ! iron x is p]oxidis$ & ! gr\nd assumes a yell[ col\r4 ,! ?ickness ( yell[ e>? 9 ! m9es is !re=e a measure ( ! dep? ( p5etration ( air & moi/ure4 ,! col\r does n affect ! yield ( diamonds4 ,besides diamonds1 !re h be5 detect$ m ?an eighty species ( m9]als 9 ! blue gr\nd1 ! m common be+ magnetite1 ilm5ite1 g>net1 bright gre5 f]rif]\s en/atite 7bronzite71 a hornbl5dic m9]al closely resembl+ sm>agdite1 calc-sp>1 v]miculite1 diallage1 jeffreysite1 mica1 kyanite1 augite1 p]idot1 eclogite1 iron pyrites1 wolla/onite1 vaalite1 zircon1 *rome iron1 rutile1 corundum1 apatite1 oliv9e1 sahlite1 *romite1 pseudobrookite1 p](skite1 biotite1 & qu>tz4 ,! blue gr\nd does n %[ any signs ( pass+ ?r\gh great heat1 z ! fragm5ts 9 ! breccia are n fus$ at ! edges4 ,! eruptive =ce 0 probably /eam or wat]-gas1 act+ "u great pressure1 b at no high temp]ature4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,dunn1 9 ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e1 at a dep? ( #abj feet1 sev]al small fre%-wat] %ells 7 discov]$ 9 :at appe>$ to be undi/urb$ mat]ial4 ,a selection ( ?9 sections ( "s ( ^! rocks & m9]als1 m\nt$ z microscopic objects & view$ by pol>is$ light1 are n only ( int]e/ to ! geologi/1 b are objects ( great beauty4 ,! appe>ance ( %ale & fragm5ts ( o!r rocks te/ify t ! mlange has suff]$ no great heat 9 its pres5t condition1 & t x has be5 erupt$ f great dep?s by ! ag5cy ( wat] vap\r or "s simil> gas4 ,! rock outside ! pipes & encas+ !m is call$ 8reef40 ,inside "s ( ! m9es occur l>ge masses ( 8float+ reef10 cov]+ an area ( sev]al ?\s& squ>e feet4 ,9 ! ,de ,be]s ,m9e is :at is call$ 8! snake10 a dyke ( igne\s rock tak+ a s]p5t9e c\rse across ! m9e1 & /&+ l a ve9 ne>ly v]tical1 v>y+ 9 ?ickness f #b to #g feet4 ,! ma9 body ( ! blue gr\nd is entirely analog\s to ! snake rock1 naturally m decompos$1 b 9 ess5tial po9ts ! microscopic appe>ance ( ! blue gr\nd & ( ! 8snake0 is 9 an extraord9>y degree alike4 ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,williams supposes t ! 8snake0 is a y\ng] eruptive =mation com+ f ! same volcanic s\rce z ! blue gr\nd4 ,no diamonds h be5 f\nd ei!r 9 ! 8snake0 or ! float+ reef4 ,! gr\nd1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally ri*] 9 diamonds 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! float+ reef4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! m9es !re 0 no?+ 9 ! sup]ficial appe>ance ( ! gr\nd to indicate ! treasures bel[4 ,s9ce ! volcanic ducts 7 fill$ ) ! diamantif]\s gr\nd1 d5udation has plan$ ! surface & ! upp] p>ts ( ! crat]s1 & o!r ord9>y signs ( volcanic activity be+ smoo!d away1 ! sup]ficial & ubiquit\s r$ s& cov]$ ! :ole surface4 ,! ,kimb]ley ,m9e seems to h pres5t$ a slight elevation above ! surr\nd+ flat c\ntry1 :ile ! sites ( o!r m9es 7 level or ev5 slightly depress$4 ,! ,wesselton ,m9e1 )9 a mile ( ,dutoitspan1 has only be5 discov]$ a few ye>s4 ,x %[$ a slight depression on ! surface1 :i* _h be5 us$ z a %oot = dry rubbi%4 ,!re are o!r diamantif]\s pipes 9 ! neighb\rhood1 b !y are small & d n conta9 /ones 9 payable quantities4 ,m rec5tly ano!r diamantif]\s pipe has be5 discov]$ ab\t #dj miles (f1 ne> ,klipdam1 & is n[ work$ z ! ,leice/] ,m9e4 ,o!r ho>ds ( diamonds may also be ne>2 :]e !re are no surface signs1 & ! pipe itself is hidd5 "u #aj or #bj feet ( rec5t deposits1 x is impossible to prospect ! entire c\ntry4 ,accid5t has hi!rto be5 ! *ief factor 9 ! discov]y ( diamond m9es4 ,h[ ! great pipes 7 orig9ally =m$ is h>d to say4 ,!y 7 c]ta9ly n bur/ ?r\gh 9 ! ord9>y mann] ( volcanic eruption1 s9ce ! surr\nd+ & enclos+ walls %[ no signs ( igne\s action1 & are n %att]$ or brok5 up ev5 :5 t\*+ ! 8blue gr\nd40 ,x is pretty c]ta9 ^! pipes 7 fill$ f bel[ aft] !y 7 pi]c$ & ! diamonds 7 =m$ at "s previ\s "t & mix$ ) a mud volcano1 toge!r ) all k9ds ( debris erod$ f ! rocks ?r\gh :i* x erupt$4 ,! direction ( fl[ is se5 9 ! upturn$ edges ( "s ( ! /rata ( %ale 9 ! walls1 al?\gh ,i 0 unable to see any upturn+ 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! walls ( ! ,de ,be]s ,m9e at great dep?s4 ,,! ,,kimb]ley ,,m9e ,,9 ,,old ,,days ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,pat]son1 :o exam9$ ! diamond fields ( ,kimb]ley soon aft] _! discov]y1 8,:]ev] ! diamond is obta9$ p]fect 9 =m & smoo? 9 f9e/ smoo?ness ( surface1 )\t depression1 hump1 or twi/ ( any k9d1 su* diamonds 7 ev] f\nd 9 _! own little m\lds ( f9e/ limey /uff1#b & z if su* m\ld ( lime _h be5 a necessity to _! p]fect =mation4 ,& fur!r1 :]e ! spl9t]s ( diamonds1 or bo>ty /uff1 7 *iefly met by ! digg]s1 !re 0 mu* less pres5ce ( limey matt] 9 ! claim at ! section ( x :]e su* brok5 or fragm5t>y diamonds 7 f\nd2 & t *iefly f among :at ! digg]s t]m$ #8clay-balla/1' or #8burnt brick1' 7 une>!d ! bits or undevelop$ cry/als s pl5tiful at ,new ,ru%40#c ,9 ! fir/ days ( diamond m9+ !re 0 no idea t diamantif]\s e>? ext5d$ to any p>ticul> dep?1 & m9]s 7 all[$ to dig holes at haphaz>d & prospect :]e !y lik$4 ,:5 ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e 0 discov]$ a new arrangem5t 0 made1 & 9 ,july1 #ahga1 x 0 cut up into ab\t #ejj claims1 ea* #ca feet squ>e1 ) spaces res]v$ = ab\t fifte5 roadways across ! m9e4 ,no p]son at fir/ c\ld hold m ?an two claims--a rule aft]w>ds modifi$4 ,! foll[+ quotation f a description ( a visit to ,kimb]ley 9 #ahgb1 by ,mr4 ,pat]son1 tak5 f a pap] read by him to ! ,geologi/s' ,association1 gives a graphic picture ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e3 8,! ,new ,ru% digg+s 7z ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e 0 at fir/ call$7 are all go+ =w>d 9 an oval space enclos$ ar\nd by ! trap dyke1 & ( :i* ! l>g] diamet] is ab\t #ajjj feet1 :ile ! %ort] is n m ?an #gjj feet 9 l5g?4 ,"h all ! claims ( #ca feet squ>e ea* are m>k$ out ) roadways ( ab\t #ab feet 9 wid?1 occurr+ e #fj feet4 ,^u ^! roadways1 by ! side ( a %ort pole fix$ into ! roadway1 sits ! own] ( ! claim ) wat*ful eye ^u ! ,kafir digg]s bel[1 :o fill & hoi/1 by means ( a pulley fix$ to ! pole above1 bucketful aft] bucketful ( ! pick$ m>l /uff 9 :i* ! diamonds are f\nd4 8,_m ( ! claims are already sunk to a dep? ( #ajj feet1 & /ill ! diamonds cont9ue to be f\nd z pl5tifully z ev]4 ,f ! roadway above ! m>l is c>t$ away to ! sort+-tables1 outside ! range ( ! digg+s1 among m\nds ( m>l /uff :i* seem l little hills4 ,"h1 amid/ su* :irls ( du/ z are n[h]e else se51 ! m>l /uff is p\nd$1 sift$ f ! f9e/ p[d] ( lime & clay1 & f ! residue put on ! sort+-tables1 ! digg]s1 ) a piece ( z9c #i in*es long by #d in*es 9 bread?1 se>* out 9 ! successive lay]s tak5 f ! heap ! preci\s gems4 ,i ne$ n tell y t ! se>* is by no means v p]fect1 or t p]haps z _m diamonds escape ! digg]'s eye z are discov]$ & tak5 out by him1 b y w p]haps confess ) me t _! aptness 9 pick+ out ! diamonds is by no means to be despis$1 :5 ,i tell y t 9 "o six mon?s f ! date ( op5+ ,new ,ru% digg+s1 little %ort ( a million /]l+ 9 diamonds has be5 extract$ f !m4 ,at close ( day ! digg]s take daily /ock ( _! f9ds1 & betwe5 five & six o'clock 9 ! aft]noon are to be se5 hundr$s & hundr$s mov+ ?r\gh ! ma9 /reet ( ,new ,ru% on visits to ! t5ts ( ! buy]s1 seat$ beh9d _! little gre5 baize tables1 ) scales all ready1 & bags ( gold & silv] & piles ( banknotes1 to buy ! little gems40 ,x may help to realise ! enorm\s value ( ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e if ,i say t two claims1 measur+ toge!r #fb by #ca feet & work$ to a dep? ( #aej feet1 yield$ #bh1jjj c>ats ( diamonds4 ,! roadways across ! m9e soon1 h[ev]1 became unsafe4 ,claims 7 sunk #ajj or #bjj feet ea* side ( a roadway1 & ! temptation to und]m9e roadways 0 n always resi/$4 ,falls ( road frequ5tly took place1 foll[$ by complete collapse1 bury+ m9e & claims 9 ru94 ,at t "t !re 7 probably #ab1jjj or #ae1jjj m5 at "w 9 ! m9e1 & !n came ! difficulty h[ to cont9ue work+ ! ho/ ( sep>ate claims )\t int]f]5ce ) ea* o!r4 ,a sy/em ( rope haulage 0 adopt$4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! "w at ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e at ?is /age ( its hi/ory is giv5 by ,mr4 ,reun]t3#d 8,a succession ( tall1 massive timb] /ag+s 0 erect$ r\nd ! m>g9 ( ! m9e4 ,ea* /ag+ c>ri$ two or ?ree plat=ms "o above ! o!r1 e plat=m s]v+ z an indep5d5t level f :i* to communicate ) ! claims bel[4 ,/ation>y ropes 7 !n /ret*$ f ! diff]5t levels ( ! /ag+s to ! claims1 ! ropes be+ an*or$ to ! gr\nd at bo? ends3 ! upp] plat=ms communicat$ ) ! claims 9 ! c5tre ( ! m9e1 ! l[] plat=ms ) ^? ne>] ! m>g94 ,! haul+ ropes 7 atta*$ to w9dlasses work$ by ,kafirs on ! sev]al plat=ms1 on :i* groov$ guide :eels = ! ropes 7 also fix$1 ! buckets be+ swung f ! /ation>y ropes by little ov]head runn]s & crooks4 ,arriv$ at ! level ( ! plat=m ! bucket 0 tipp$ into a n>r[ %oot1 d[n :i* ! gr\nd ran into a bag held ready to receive x1 9 :i* x 0 convey$ away to be sort$4 ,! d9 & rattle ( ^! ?\s&s ( :eels & ! twang ( ! buckets along ! ropes 7 some?+ deaf5+1 :ile ! m9e itself seem$ almo/ d>k5$ by ! ?ick cobweb ( ropes1 s num]\s z to appe> almo/ t\*+4 ,?is mode ( haulage cont9u$ 9 vogue dur+ ! :ole ( #ahgc1 & if ! appe>ance ( ! m9e 0 less picturesque ?an :5 ! roadways exi/$1 x 01 if any?+1 m unique4 ,by moonlight1 p>ticul>ly1 x 0 a weird & beautiful sight40 ,! m9e 0 n[ ?reat5$ 9 two o!r qu>t]s4 ,! removal ( ! blue gr\nd took away ! support f ! walls ( ! pipe1 & frequ5t falls ( reef occurr$1 n only cov]+ up valuable claims ) rubbi%1 b endang]+ ! lives ( work]s bel[4 ,moreov]1 z ! work+s deep5$1 wat] made its appe>ance1 necessitat+ pump+4 ,9 #ahgh "o qu>t] ( ! claims 7 cov]$ by reef1 & 9 #ahgi ov] #cjj1jjj 7 sp5t on remov+ reef & wat]4 ,9 #ahha ov] #bjj1jjj 7 ?us sp5t1 & 9 #ahhb m ?an half a million /]l+ 0 ne$$ to defray ! co/ ( reef removal4 ,s matt]s w5t on until f\r million cubic y>ds ( reef _h be5 remov$1 at a co/ ( two millions /]l+1 & /ill little good 0 done1 = out ( #djj claims 9 ! m9e only ab\t fifty c\ld be regul>ly work$4 ,ultimately1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahhc1 ! bigge/ fall ( reef on record took place1 e/imat$ at #bej1jjj cubic y>ds1 surg+ half across ! m9e1 :]e ! bulk ( x lies to ?is day4 ,x became evid5t t op5 work+s c\ld n be c>ri$ on at su* dep?s1 & aft] _m exp]im5ts ! pres5t sy/em ( und]gr\nd work+ 0 devis$4 ,dur+ ?is "t ( p]plexity1 individual m9]s :o c\ld easily h work$ "o or two claims ne> ! surface c\ld n cont9ue "w 9 ! face ( h>ass+ difficulties & heavy exp5ses4 ,?us ! claims gradually *ang$ h&s until ! m9e became ! prop]ty fir/ ( a comp>atively small numb] ( capitali/s1 !n ( a small] numb] ( limit$ liability companies1 until f9ally ! :ole ( ! m9es h practically become ! prop]ty ( ! 8,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 ,limit$40 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,kimb]ley ,,m9es ,,at ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day ,! ,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 ,limit$1 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahhh1 ma9ly ?r\gh ! g5ius ( ! late ,cecil ,john ,rhodes1 = ! purpose ( acquir+ all-important diamond-m9+ int]e/s 9 ! ,kimb]ley area & !reby controll+ ! output4 ,! two ri*e/ m9es1 ,kimb]ley & ,de ,be]s1 h be5 actively work$ ev] s9ce1 & h be5 ! ma9 contributors to an output :i* n[ realises ov] five millions /]l+ annually4 ,dutoitspan ,m9e 0 completely clos$ d[n1 & practically ! :ole ( ,bultfonte9 0 kept idle = _m ye>s2 b ) a view to ! requirem5ts ( ! future & ! m>k$ increase 9 ! dem& = diamonds1 not)/&+ ! /eady rise 9 prices t has tak5 place1 bo? ^! m9es h n[ be5 equipp$ = und]gr\nd work+ on a gr& scale4 ,! y\nge/ ( ! ,de ,be]s gr\p ( m9es is ! ,wesselton1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahij by ! late ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,w>d1 & soon aft]w>ds pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,rhodes on behalf ( ! ,company4 ,! m9e is n[ be+ work$ op5ca/ on a magnific5t scale & has l>gely exce$$ orig9al expectations 7,fig4 #e74 ,! success ( ! consolidation is prov$ by ! fact t s9ce x 0 br\ght ab\t #bb1jjj1jjj h be5 paid 9 divid5ds to ! %>ehold]s1 & x is r\ghly e/imat$ t #dj1jjj1jjj c>ats ( diamonds h be5 produc$ ( a total value ( eighty millions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,wesselton ,,diamond ,,m9e4 ,,op5 ,,work+s4 ,to face p4 #cd4 ,at ! f\r m9es ab\t #hjjj p]sons are daily employ$1 namely1 #aejj :ites & #fejj blacks4 ,! wages are1 :ites1 #e or #f a week2 blacks1 und]gr\nd1 #ds4 to #es4 a day1 & abovegr\nd1 #bas4 a week4 ,,! ,,comp\nd ,,sy/em ,) gems l diamonds1 :]e s l>ge an intr9sic value is conc5trat$ into s small a bulk1 x is n surpris+ t robb]y has to be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 ! mo/ elaborate mann]4 ,! ,illicit ,diamond ,buy+ 7,i4,d4,b47 laws are v /r+5t1 & ! se>*+1 r5d]$ easy by ! 8comp\nd+0 ( ! natives--:i* ,i %all describe pres5tly--is ( ! mo/ dra/ic "* 7,fig4 #f74 ,x is1 9 fact1 v difficult = a native employee to /eal diamonds2 ev5 7 he to succe$1 x w\ld be almo/ impossible to dispose ( !m1 z a pot5tial buy] w\ld pref] to secure ! safe rew>d = detect+ a !ft r ?an run ! s]i\s risk ( do+ convict "w on ! ,cape ,t[n ,breakwat] = a c\ple ( ye>s4 ,i he>d ( a native :o1 secret+ a diamond wor? sev]al hundr$s ( p\nds1 aft] try+ unsuccessfully to sell x1 h&$ x back to ! manag] ( 8 comp\nd1 glad to get ! sixp5ce a c>at to :i* he 0 entitl$4 ,be=e ! pass+ ( ! 8,diamond ,trade ,act0 ! value ( diamonds /ol5 rea*$ ne>ly "o million /]l+ p] annum4 ,a 8comp\nd0 is a l>ge enclosure ab\t #bj acres 9 ext5t1 surr\nd$ by r[s ( "o-/ory build+s ( corrugat$ iron4 ,^! are divid$ into rooms hold+ ea* ab\t tw5ty natives4 ,a high iron f5ce is erect$ ar\nd ! comp\nd1 #aj feet f ! build+s4 ,)9 ! enclosure is a /ore :]e ! necess>ies ( life are suppli$ to ! natives at a r$uc$ price1 wood & wat] be+ provid$ free ( *>ge4 ,9 ! middle is a l>ge swimm+-ba?1 ) fre% wat] runn+ ?r\gh x4 ,! re/ ( ! space is devot$ to recreation1 games1 dances1 conc]ts1 & any o!r amusem5t ! native m9d c desire4 ,i h to ?ank ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! respective comp\nds1 :o spoke all ! native dialects1 = _! k9dness 9 %[+ u r\nd1 & sugge/+ dances & conc]ts1 got up at t5 m9utes' notice1 = ! b5efit ( my cam]a4 ,! danc+ 0 m ( ! "* ( attitud9is+ & m>*+ to a monoton\s tum-tum1 ! 8or*e/ra0 consi/+ ( v>i\s-siz$ drums & :at !y call a piano--an octave or s ( tun$ slabs ( wood held 9 ord] on /ret*$ /r+s & /ruck ) a wood5 hamm]4 ,! native music z a rule is only m>k+ "t1 b ,i h he>d musical melodies accompany+ "s ( _! songs4 ,9 case ( accid5t or illness !re is a well-appo9t$ hospital :]e ! sick are t5d$4 ,m$ical sup]vision1 nurses1 & food are suppli$ free by ! ,company4 ,9 ! comp\nd are to be se5 repres5tatives ( ne>ly all ! pick$ types ( ,african tribes4 ,ea* tribe keeps to itself1 & to g r\nd ! build+s skirt+ ! comp\nd is an admirable object-lesson 9 e?nology4 ,at "o po9t is a gr\p ( ,zulus2 next we come to ,f+oes2 !n ,basutos2 beyond come ,matabele1 ,be*uanas1 ,pondos1 ,%anga9s1 ,swazis1 & o!r less-kn[n tribes1 ei!r gr\p$ or w&]+ ar\nd mak+ fri5dly calls4 ,! clo?+ 9 ! comp\nd is div]se & orig9al4 ,"s ( ! m5 are evid5t d&ies1 :il/ o!rs ?9k t 9 s hot a climate a bright-col\r$ h&k]*ief or 8a pair ( spectacles & a smile0 is z great a compliance ) ! conv5tions ( civilisation z c be expect$4 ,! natives are n int]f]$ ) 9 _! v>i\s amusem5ts1 always provid$ !y d n make !mselves objectionable to _! neighb\rs4 ,!y soon le>n t tribal animosities are to be left outside ! comp\nd4 ,"o ,sunday aft]noon my wife & ,i walk$ unatt5d$ ab\t ! comp\nd1 almo/ ! only :ites pres5t among #agjj natives4 ,! mann]s ( ! fold 7 s fri5dly1 & _! smiles s cordial1 t ! idea ( fe> vani%$4 ,at "o "p a ,kafir 0 mak+ a pair ( tr\s]s ) a bright nickel-plat$ sew+-ma*9e1 9 :i* he _h inve/$ 8 sav+s2 next to him a 8boy0 0 read+ f ! ,te/am5t 9 8 own language to an att5tive audi5ce2 9 a corn] a p>ty 7 engag$ 9 cook+ a sav\ry mess 9 an iron pot2 fur!r on ! or*e/ra 0 tun+ up & ,zulus 7 putt+ ! f9i%+ t\*es to _! toilet ( fea!rs & beads4 ,"o gr\p 0 int5tly wat*+ a my/]i\s game4 ,x is play$ by two sides1 ) /ones & grooves & holl[s 9 ! gr\nd1 & appe>s ( mo/ absorb+ int]e/4 ,x seems to be univ]sal ?r\gh\t ,africa2 x is met ) among ! ru9s ( ,zimbabwe1 & signs ( x are record$ on old ,egyptian monum5ts4 ,i want$ to le>n x1 & an intellig5t ,zulu play] (f]$ to tea* x to me 9 a few m9utes4 ,capta9 ,dallas1 h[ev]1 ) a m accurate op9ion ( my intellig5ce ?an my fri5d ! ,zulu1 assur$ me x w\ld take mon?s be=e ,i c\ld beg9 to "k any?+ ab\t x4 ,he _h tri$ = ye>s & c\ld make no?+ ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,de ,,be]s ,,comp\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,de ,,be]s ,,m9e4 ,,und]gr\nd ,,work+s4 ,to face p4 #dj4 ,!y get good wages1 v>y+ accord+ to occupation4 ,! "w is appreciat$1 & !re are always m applicants ?an c be accept$4 ,on ent]+1 ! re/rictions to :i* !y mu/ submit are fully expla9$1 & !y are requir$ to sign = ?ree mon?s at lea/1 dur+ :i* "t !y mu/ n leave ! comp\nd or m9e4 ,a cov]$ way & tunnel lead ! work]s und]gr\nd to ! d[n %aft1 :ile ^? work+ on ! deposit+ floors g & come "u gu>d4 ,x is seldom t a man does n return once he has liv$ ! life 9 ! comp\nd2 "s come aga9 & aga9 = ye>s1 only leav+ occasionally to sp5d accumulat$ sav+s4 ,! mo/ c>eful m5 save money1 & c>ry x at int]vals to ! sup]9t5d5t to keep = !m4 ,occasionally !y ask to look at _! sav+s1 :i* may am\nt to #cj or #dj1 accumulat$ by driblets4 ,!y are ignorant ( sav+s banks or int]e/1 & are cont5t if !y see _! own money 9 ! orig9al rags & pap]s4 ,! ,kafir1 on dem&1 mu/ behold 8 co9s j z he h&$ !m 91 wrapp+s & all4 ,sometimes ! sup]9t5d5t w h z mu* z #ajjj ( sav+s 9 8 c>e4 ,on leav+1 ! m5 g5]ally draw all _! sav+s1 & x is n uncommon = a grateful ,kafir to press #b or #c on ,capta9 ,dallas 9 recognition ( 8 tr\ble4 ,!y are a/oni%$ :5 _! (f]+s are decl9$2 /ill m s :5 x is expla9$ t if !y w\ld put _! sav+s 9 a bank !y w\ld h a few extra p\nds giv5 to !m = ! privilege ( tak+ c>e ( x4 ,a %rewd "y ,pondo1 :o _h be5 com+ ye> aft] ye>1 appli$ = "s ( 8 sav+s1 & gave z a reason t he want$ to buy a wife4 8,b y said ! same ?+ la/ ye>10 repli$ ,capta9 ,dallas2 8,i hope no?+ has happ5$40 8,no10 said ! man2 8"o wife1 %e qu>rel ) me2 two wives1 !y qu>rel ) ea* o!r2 me peace60 ,,und]gr\nd ,,work+s ,9 ! face ( con/ant developm5ts ,i c only describe ! sy/em 9 use at ! "t ( my own visits 9 #ahif & #aije4 ,%afts are sunk 9 ! solid rock at a suffici5t di/ance f ! pipe to be safe aga9/ reef movem5ts 9 ! op5 m9e4 ,9 #aijc ! rock %afts 9 ! ,de ,be]s & ,kimb]ley ,m9es rea*$ dep?s ( #bjgf & #beii feet respectively4 ,tunnels are driv5 f ^! %afts at diff]5t levels1 ab\t #abj feet ap>t1 to cross ! m9e f we/ to ea/4 ,^! tunnels are connect$ by two o!r tunnels runn+ nor? & s\?1 "o ne> ! we/ side ( ! m9e & "o midway betwe5 x & ! ea/ m>g9 ( ! m9e4 ,f ! ea/ & we/ tunnels (fsets are driv5 to ! surr\nd+ rock4 ,:5 ne> ! rock ! (fsets wid5 into gall]ies1 ^! 9 turn be+ /op$ on ! sides until !y meet1 & upw>ds until !y break ?r\gh ! blue gr\nd4 ,! fall5 reef ) :i* ! upp] "p ( ! m9e is fill$ s9ks & p>tially fills ! op5 space4 ,! workm5 !n /& on ! fall5 reef & drill ! blue gr\nd ov]head1 & z ! ro( is bla/$ back ! debris foll[s4 ,:5 /op+ betwe5 two tunnels ! blue is /op$ up to ! debris ab\t midway betwe5 ! two tunnels4 ,! upp] levels are work$ back 9 advance ( ! l[] levels1 & ! works assume ! %ape ( irregul> t]races4 ,! ma9 levels are f #ij to #abj feet ap>t1 ) int]m$iate levels e #cj feet4 ,hoi/+ is done f only "o level at a "t ?r\gh ! same %aft4 ,by ?is +5i\s me?od e portion ( blue gr\nd is excavat$ & rais$ to ! surface1 ! rubbi% on ! top gradually s9k+ & tak+ its place4 ,! sc5e bel[ gr\nd 9 ! labyr9? ( gall]ies is bewild]+ 9 its complexity1 & v unlike ! popul> notion ( a diamond m9e 7,fig4 #g74 ,all bel[ is dirt1 mud1 grime2 half-nak$ m51 d>k z mahogany1 li! z a?letes1 dripp+ ) p]spiration1 are se5 9 e direction1 hamm]+1 pick+1 %ovell+1 :eel+ ! trucks to & fro1 keep+ up a weird *ant :i* rises 9 =ce & rhy?m :5 a great] task calls = excessive muscul> /ra94 ,! :ole sc5e is m sugge/ive ( a coal m9e ?an a diamond m9e1 & all ?is mighty organisation1 ?is /r5u\s exp5diture ( en]gy1 ?is co/ly ma*9]y1 ?is ceaseless toil ( skill$ & black lab\r1 goes on day & night1 j to w9 a few /ones :]e) to deck my lady's f+]6 ,all to gratify ! vanity ( woman6 8,&10 int]pos$ a lady :o he>d ?is rem>k1 8! depravity ( man60 ,,! ,,deposit+ ,,floors ,ow+ to ! refractory "* ( blue gr\nd fre% f ! m9es1 x has to be expos$ to atmosph]ic influ5ces be=e x w pulv]ise "u ! action ( wat] & me*anical treatm5t4 ,f ! surface-boxes1 into :i* ! blue gr\nd is tipp$ :5 x rea*es ! top ( ! ma9 %aft1 x is transf]r$ to side-tipp+ trucks & s5t to ! deposit+ floors by means ( endless wire-rope haulage4 ,! spe$ ( ! haulage v>ies f #b to #d miles p] h\r4 ,! trucks are c\nt$ automatically z !y are s5t to ! floor by a reciprocat+ eng9e-c\nt] plac$ on a frame ne> ! traml9e4 ,! deposit+ floors are prep>$ by remov+ ! bu% & grass f a fairly level piece ( gr\nd2 ?is gr\nd is !n roll$ smoo? & h>d4 ,! floors ext5d ov] _m squ>e miles ( c\ntry & are surr\nd$ by #g-;foot b>b$ wire f5ces1 vigilantly gu>d$ day & night4 ,! ,de ,be]s floors1 on ,k5ilwor?1 are laid (f 9 rectangul> sections #fjj y>ds long & #bjj y>ds wide1 ea* section hold+ ab\t #ej1jjj loads4 ,! gr\nd f ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e is ! s(te/ & only ne$s a few mon?s' exposure on ! floors2 ! gr\nd f ,de ,be]s is mu* h>d] & requires at lea/ six mon?s' exposure1 :ile "s gr\nd is s h>d t x w n dis9tegrate by exposure to ! wea!r "u "o or two ye>s4 ,! ,de ,be]s ,m9e conta9s a mu* l>g] quantity ( ?is h>d blue gr\nd ?an ! o!r m9es1 & 9 ord] to save ! loss ( "t consequ5t on keep+ an enorm\s /ock ( blue con/antly on ! floors1 x has rec5tly be5 decid$ to pass ! h>d] & m refractory /uff direct f ! m9e ?r\gh cru%+ mills4 ,= a "t ! blue gr\nd rema9s on ! floors )\t und]go+ mu* alt]ation4 ,b soon ! heat ( ! sun & moi/ure produce a wond]ful effect4 ,l>ge pieces1 h>d z ord9>y s&/one :5 tak5 f ! m9e1 comm5ce to crumble4 ,at ?is /age ! w9n+ ( ! diamonds assumes m ! nature ( f>m+ ?an m9+4 ,! gr\nd is frequ5tly h>r[$ & occasionally wat]$1 to assi/ pulv]isation by expos+ ! l>g] pieces to atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,! l5g? ( "t necess>y = ! gr\nd to wea!r be=e x becomes suffici5tly pulv]is$ = wa%+ dep5ds on ! season ( ! ye> & ! am\nt ( ra94 ,! long] ! gr\nd rema9s expos$ ! bett] x is = wa%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,de ,,be]s ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,conc5trat+ ,,ma*9]y4 ,to face p4 #dh4 ,x is curi\s to note t !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! rapidity ( dis9tegration ( ! blue gr\nd 9 ea* ( ! f\r m9es4 ,! long] ! exposure1 ! m complete ! pulv]isation & ! bett] = wa%+4 ,"u normal conditions s(t blue gr\nd becomes suffici5tly pulv]is$ 9 f f\r to six mon?s1 b x is bett] to expose x = a long] p]iod1 ev5 = a :ole ye>4 ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,conc5trat+ ,,ma*9]y ,aft] ! blue gr\nd has be5 wea!r$ = a suffici5t "t1 x is aga9 load$ into trucks & haul$ to ! cru%+ ma*9]y 7,fig4 #h74 ,! fir/ or 8comet0 cru%]s r$uce ! gr\nd s t x w pass into hopp]s & !nce into revolv+ cyl9d]s cov]$ ) p]=at$ /eel plates1 hav+ holes #a in*es 9 diamet] :i* sep>ate ! f9ely cru%$ f ! co>se pieces4 ,pieces l>g] ?an #a in*es pass out ( ! end ( ! cyl9d]s & fall ^u a conveyor belt1 :i* takes !m to ! end ( ! ma*9e--^! pieces are mo/ly wa/e rock :i* is f\nd 9 ! blue gr\nd4 ,! f9e gr\nd :i* passes ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! cyl9d]1 toge!r ) a pl5tiful curr5t ( wat]1 fl[s into ! wa%+ pans4 ,^! pans are ( iron1 #ad feet 9 diamet]1 furni%$ ) t5 arms ea* hav+ six or sev5 tee?4 ,! tee? are s set z to =m a spiral1 s t :5 ! arms revolve ! tee? c>ry ! heavy deposit to ! out] rim ( ! pan1 :ile ! light] mat]ial passes t[>ds ! c5tre & is c>ri$ f ! pan by ! fl[ ( wat]4 ,! heavy deposit conta9s ! diamonds4 ,x rema9s on ! bottom ( ! pan & ne> its out] rim4 ,?is deposit is drawn (f e twelve h\rs by means ( a broad slot 9 ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,! av]age quantity ( blue gr\nd pass$ ?r\gh ea* pan is f #djj to #dej loads 9 t5 h\rs4 ,! deposit left 9 ea* pan aft] putt+ ! above numb] ( loads ?r\gh am\nts to ?ree or f\r loads1 :i* g to ! pulsator = fur!r conc5tration4 ,ab\t #ad p] c5t ( all ! gr\nd s5t to ! deposit+ floors is too h>d to wea!r1 s ( late ye>s cru%+ & conc5trat+ plant has be5 erect$ to deal effectually ) ! h>d lumps1 ?us sav+ ! great lock-up ( capital consequ5t on lett+ !m lie on ! floor a ye> or two4 ,! h>d lumps be+ haul$ to ! upp] "p ( ! ma*9e1 are tipp$ into b9s1 :5ce !y pass to cru%+ roll]s :i* s r$uce !m t !y w pass ?r\gh a r+ two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! co>se p[d] is scre5$ ?r\gh revolv+ cyl9d]s hav+ -in* & #a-;in* p]=ations4 ,! /uff pass+ ?r\gh ! f9] holes goes to ! f9i%+ mill1 :ile ! co>s] /uff goes to small] cru%]s4 ,be=e ! co>se lumps are re-cru%$ !y pass ov] revolv+ pick+ tables1 :]e any specially l>ge diamonds are rescu$1 ?us prev5t+ ! risk ( breakage4 ,f ! pick+ tables ! gr\nd is scrap$ automatically into two sets ( rolls1 & ! pulv]is$ product scre5$ aga9 & grad$ into ?ree sizes4 ,! f9e/ size1 pass+ a -in* scre51 goes to ! wa%+ pans1 & ! two co>s] sizes to jigs4 ,l>ge diamonds :i* h be5 sep>at$ f _! envelope ( blue are reta9$ 9 ! jig4 ,! gr\nd /ill hold+ ! small] diamonds passes out ( ! end ( ! jig & !n ?r\gh a s]ies ( rolls1 scre5s1 & jigs until ! diamantif]\s gravel is drawn f ! bottom jigs into lock$ trucks runn+ on tramways to ! pulsator = fur!r conc5tration & sort+4 ,! pulsator is an +5i\sly design$ b some:at complicat$ ma*9e = deal+ ) ! diamantif]\s gravel already r$uc$ "o hundr$ times f ! blue gr\nd1 ! pulsator /ill fur!r conc5trat+ x till ! gravel is ri* en\gh to enable ! /ones to be pick$ out by h&4 ,! value ( ! diamonds 9 a load ( orig9al blue gr\nd be+ ab\t #cjs41 ! gravel s5t to ! pulsator f ! pans1 r$uc$ a hundr$fold1 is wor? #aej a load4 ,/uff ( ?is value mu/ n be expos$ to risk ( peculation4 ,! lock$ trucks are hoi/$ by a cage to a plat=m1 :]e !y are unlock$ & _! cont5ts f$ into a %oot lead+ to a cyl9d] cov]$ ) /eel siev+ ) holes f #a_/af to ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! five sizes :i* pass ?r\gh ! cyl9d] fl[ ^u a comb9ation ( jigs1 t]m$ at ! m9es ! pulsators4 ,! bottoms ( ! jigs are cov]$ ) scre5s1 or siev+1 ! me%es ( :i* are a little l>g] ?an ! holes 9 ! revolv+ cyl9d] imm$iately at ! back ( !m4 ,ov] ea* scre5 is spread a lay] ( bullets to prev5t ! ri* deposit f pass+ too rapidly ?r\gh ! scre5s4 ,! jigs !mselves are /ation>y1 b f bel[ an int]mitt5t /ream ( wat] passes 9 rapid pulsations ) an up & d[n movem5t4 ,?is pulsation keeps ! diamantif]\s gravel con/antly mov+--8alive0 is ! expressive ^w us$--& t5ds to sort out ! con/itu5ts r\ghly accord+ to _! specific gravity1 ! heavi] p>ticles work+ to ! bottom & ! light] mat]ial wa%+ (f by ! fl[ ( wat] & pass+ into trucks1 :5ce x is c>ri$ to ! tail+s heap4 ,! heavi] portions1 by ! up & d[n wa% ( ! wat]1 gradually "w _! way "u ! bullets & pass ?r\gh ! scre5s into po9t$ boxes1 :5ce ! heavy conc5trates are drawn (f ^u endless belts4 ,^! convey _! preci\s load to small elevators by means ( :i* ! conc5trates are lift$ into hopp]s f :i* !y are f$ ^u %ak+ tables4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,sort+ ,,conc5trates ,,= ,,diamonds4 ,,de ,,be]s4 ,to face p4 #ed4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,collect+ ,,! ,,gems ,! sort+ room 9 ! pulsator h\se is long1 n>r[1 & well light$ 7,fig4 #i74 ,"h ! ri* gravel is br\ght 9 wet1 a sieveful at a "t1 & is dump$ 9 a heap on tables cov]$ ) iron plates4 ,! tables at "o end take ! co>se/ lumps1 next comes ! gravel :i* pass$ ! -in* holes1 !n ! next 9 ord]1 & s on4 ,! fir/ sort+ is done by ?or\ghly tru/wor?y :ite m52 = "h ! dang] ( robb]y is greate/4 ,sweep+ ! heap ( gravel to ! "r1 ! sort] scrapes a little ( x to ! c5tre ( ! table by means ( a flat piece ( %eet z9c4 ,) ?is tool he rapidly passes 9 review ! gra9s1 seizes ! diamonds & puts !m into a little t9 box 9 front ( him4 ,! /uff is !n swept (f to ! left & ano!r lot tak51 & s on till ! sieveful ( gravel is exhau/$1 :5 ano!r is br\ght 94 ,! /uff ! sort] has pass$ to 8 left z tempor>ily inspect$ is tak5 next to ano!r "p ( ! room1 :]e x is aga9 scrut9is$ by native convicts aga9 & aga91 & :il/ diamonds c be f\nd 9 quantity suffici5t to repay ! co/ ( convict lab\r1 x is pass$ "u exam9ation4 ,! diamond has a peculi> lu/re1 & on ! sort]'s table x is impossible to mi/ake x = any o!r /one t may be pres5t4 ,x looks some:at l cle> pieces ( gum arabic1 ) a sort ( intr9sic lu/re :i* makes a conspicu\s %9e among ! o!r /ones4 ,,automatic ,,diamond ,,collector ,a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 initiat$ by ,mr4 ,g>dn] ,williams ) ! object ( sep>at+ ! diamonds f ! heavy1 valueless conc5trates ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,an ord9>y %ak+ or p]cussion table 0 con/ruct$1 & e kn[n means ( sep>ation 0 tri$ )\t success4 ,"o ( ! employees ( ,de ,be]s1 ,mr4 ,fr$ ,kir/51 0 9 *>ge ( ! exp]im5t+1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! late ,mr4 ,george ,labram1 ! manag] ( ! l>ge cru%+ plant1 & aft]w>ds me*anical eng9e] to ! ,company4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t ! specific gravity ( ! diamond 7#ceb7 0 less ?an t ( sev]al ( ! m9]als associat$ ) x1 s t its sep>ation w\ld seem a simple matt]1 x 0 f\nd 9 practice to be impossible ow+ to ! slipp]y nature ( ! diamond4 ,! heavy conc5trates c>ri$ diamonds1 & diamonds fl[$ away f ! p]cussion table ) ! tail+s4 ,:5 x seem$ t e res\rce to d away ) h&-sort+ _h be5 exhau/$1 ,kir/5 ask$ to be all[$ to try to cat* ! diamonds by plac+ a coat ( ?ick grease on ! surface ( ! p]cussion table ) :i* ! o!r exp]im5ts _h be5 made4 ,kir/5 _h notic$ t oily sub/ances1 su* z axle grease & :ite or r$ lead1 adh]$ to diamonds :5 !y *anc$ to come into contact1 &1 he argu$ to himself1 if ^! sub/ances adh]$ to diamonds & n to ! o!r m9]als 9 ! conc5trates1 :y %\ld n diamonds adh]e to grease on ! table & ! o!r m9]als fl[ away8 ,9 ?is way ! rem>kable discov]y 0 made t diamonds alone ( all m9]als conta9$ 9 ! blue gr\nd w adh]e to grease1 & t all o!rs w fl[ away z tail+s ov] ! end ( ! p]cussion table ) ! wat]4 ,aft] ?is 0 det]m9$ by ?or\gh exp]im5ts1 m suitable %ak+ tables 7 con/ruct$ at ! ,company's work%ops4 ,^! 7 f "t to "t improv$ ^u1 until n[ all ! sort+ 7except = ! v co>se size7 is done by ^! ma*9es1 ^: p[] ( di/9ction is f> sup]ior to ! ke5e/ eye ( ! native4 ,only ab\t ( #a p] c5t ( diamonds is lo/ by ! fir/ table1 & ^! are recov]$ almo/ to a /one :5 ! conc5trates are pass$ ov] ! second table4 ,! discrim9ation ( ?is sort] is truly m>vell\s4 ,native work]s1 al?\gh exp]i5c$ 9 ! h&l+ ( diamonds1 (t5 pick out small cry/als ( zircon1 or ,dut* bo>t1 by mi/ake1 b ! s5seless ma*9e is practically un]r+4 ,! grease conta9+ ! diamonds1 toge!r ) a small p]c5tage ( v heavy m9]als1 su* z iron pyrites & b>ytes1 is scrap$ f ! tables1 plac$ 9 buckets made ( /eel plates ) f9e p]=ations1 & boil$ or /eam$4 ,! grease passes away to tanks ( wat]1 :]e x is cool$ & is aga9 fit = use4 ,! diamonds1 toge!r ) small bits ( iron pyrites1 brass nails f ! m9]s' boots1 pieces ( copp] f ! detonator us$ 9 bla/+1 :i* rema9 on ! tables ow+ to _! high specific gravity1 & a v small admixture ( wor?less deposit :i* has become me*anically mix$ ) ! grease1 are !n boil$ 9 a solution conta9+ cau/ic soda1 :]e !y are fre$ f all grease4 ,! quantity ( deposit f ! size ( ( an in* d[nw>ds1 :i* n[ rea*es ! sort+ table1 does n exce$ #a cubic foot = e #ab1jjj loads 7#aib1jjj cubic feet7 ( blue gr\nd wa%$4 ,z already /at$1 #e_/ab ( #a p] c5t ( ! :ole mass ( blue =m]ly pass$ to ! sort+ tables2 or1 f #ab1jjj loads1 :i* is ab\t ! daily av]age ( ! quantity wa%$ at ,de ,be]s & ,kimb]ley ,m9es1 #hjj cubic feet _h to be assort$ by h&4 ,,! ,,yield ,,( ,,diamonds ,sometimes z _m z #hjjj c>ats ( diamonds come f ! pulsator 9 "o day1 repres5t+ ab\t #bj1jjj 9 value4 ,:5 ! b>e /atem5t is made t ne>ly #e1jjj1jjj truck-loads1 or m ?an #d1jjj1jjj tons ( blue gr\nd1 h be5 wa%$ 9 a ye>1 ! m9d only fa9tly conceives ! prodigi\s size ( ! mass t is annually drawn f ! old crat]s & labori\sly wa%$ & sort$ = ! sake ( a few bucketfuls ( diamonds4 ,x w\ld =m a cube ( m ?an #dcj feet1 or a block l>g] ?an any ca!dral 9 ! _w1 & ov]topp+ ! spire ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :ile a box ) sides measur+ #b feet #i in*es w\ld hold ! gems4 ,f two to ?ree million c>ats ( diamonds are turn$ out ( ! ,de ,be]s m9es 9 a ye>1 & z #e1jjj1jjj c>ats g to ! ton1 ?is repres5ts half a ton ( diamonds4 ,to ! end ( #ahib #aj tons ( diamonds _h come f ?is m9e1 valu$ at #fj1jjj1jjj /]l+4 ,?is mass ( blaz+ diamonds c\ld be accommodat$ 9 a box #e feet squ>e & #f feet high4 ,! diamond is a luxury1 & !re is only a limit$ dem& = x ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,f f\r to f\r & a half millions /]l+ is z mu* z is sp5t annually 9 diamonds2 if ! production is n regulat$ by ! dem&1 !re w be ov]-production1 & ! trade w suff]4 ,by regulat+ ! output ! directors h succe$$ 9 ma9ta9+ prices s9ce ! consolidation 9 #ahhh4 ,! blue gr\nd v>ies 9 its yield ( diamonds 9 diff]5t m9es1 b is pretty con/ant 9 ! same m9e4 ,9 #ahij ! yield p] load ( blue gr\nd 03 ,,c>ats ,f ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e f #abe to #ae 0 ,de ,be]s ,m9e 0 #abj 0 #ac 0 ,dutoitspan ,m9e 0 #jag 0 #je 0 ,bultfonte9 ,m9e 0 #je 0 #jcc ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,diamonds ,,fancy ,,/ones ,diamonds occur 9 all %ades1 f deep yell[ to pure :ite & jet black1 f deep br[n to light c9namon1 also gre51 blue1 p9k1 yell[1 orange1 & opaque4 ,bo? 9 ,kimb]ley & ,de ,be]s ! blue gr\nd on ! we/ side is poor] 9 diamonds ?an ! blue gr\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ! m9es4 ,! diamonds f ! we/ side also diff] some:at f ^? 9 o!r p>ts ( ! same m9e4 ,! diamonds f ea* m9e h a di/9ctive "*1 & s uni=m are ! *>act]i/ics t an exp]i5c$ buy] c tell at once ! locality ( any p>ticul> p>cel ( /ones4 ,an isolat$ /one may1 ( c\rse1 be f\nd occasionally 9 any "o m9e :i* is *>act]i/ic ( "s o!r s\rce ( production1 b ?is is ! exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,!re is a great simil>ity betwe5 ! produce ( ! ,de ,be]s & ,kimb]ley m9es4 ,a day's wa% f ei!r ( ^! m9es c\ld be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 b n s easily ! majority ( ! individual /ones4 ,! ,kimb]ley ,m9e produces a small p]c5tage ( :ite cry/als1 octah$ral 9 %ape1 is not$ = its l>ge macles1 &1 9 common ) ! ,de ,be]s ,m9e1 x also yields a l>ge p]c5tage ( col\r$ & l>ge yell[ diamonds4 ,! ,de ,be]s ,m9e produces a comp>atively small p]c5tage ( really :ite diamonds1 b is not$ = its f9e silv]y capes4 ,! ,dutoitspan ,m9e is not$ = its f9e :ite cleavages1 silv] capes1 l>ge yell[s1 & an exceptional proportion ( l>ge /ones g5]ally4 ,x also produces a small proportion ( f9e :ite1 octah$ral-%ap$ cry/als & a comp>atively small proportion ( diamonds bel[ #jb ( a c>at 9 size4 ,! ,bultfonte9 ,m9e produces a v l>ge p]c5tage ( :ite diamonds1 mo/ly octah$ral 9 %ape & g5]ally small 9 size4 ,x produces v few col\r$ /ones1 b a l>g] p]c5tage ( flaw$ & spott$ /ones ?an any o!r m9e4 ,ev5 ! app>5tly pure /ones f ?is m9e frequ5tly develop flaws 9 cutt+1 :i* 9 ! r\gh 7 imp]ceptible to ! nak$ eye4 ,! ,wesselton ,m9e diamonds are not$ = an abnormally l>ge p]c5tage ( octah$ral /ones1 a l>ge proportion ( :i* are free f flaws4 ,:ite & br[n /ones pr$om9ate 9 ?is m9e2 !re is almo/ an entire abs5ce ( ! ord9>y yell[1 b v f9e gold5-col\r$ fancy /ones are une>!d occasionally1 inv>iably 9 ! =m ( cleavage1 & h>dly ev] exce$+ #b c>ats ea* 9 weight4 ,= 8gold5 fancies0 ?is m9e is unrivall$4 ,wesselton diamonds are easily di/+ui%$ f ! produce ( e o!r m9e by a decid$ gloss common to !m4 ,wesselton produces m /ones ( #aj c>ats ea* & ov] ?an ,bultfonte91 b comp>atively few l>ge /ones ( ov] #ej c>ats ea*4 ,x produces a v l>ge p]c5tage ( small diamonds "u #jb ( a c>at4 ,) ,bultfonte9 x %>es ! di/9ction ( yield+ cubical /ones occasionally4 ,x also produces a small p]c5tage ( blue-:ites4 ,! ,frank ,smi? ,m9e produces v f9e :ite diamonds1 fairly regul> 9 %ape1 mo/ly octah$ral1 & h>dly any col\r$ /ones4 ,_m ( ! /ones are groov$ at ! edges4 ,! ,kamf]sdam ,m9e yields diamonds ( v inf]ior quality1 d>k br[n be+ ! pr$om9at+ col\r1 & ev5 ! majority ( ! bett]-class /ones f ?is m9e are fa9tly t+$ ) br[n4 ,! ,kimb]ley ,we/1 =m]ly kn[n z ,!ron's ,m9e1 situat$ ab\t #cj miles due we/ ( ,kimb]ley1 yields a v small p]c5tage ( blue-:ites1 f9e 8silv] capes10 & a l>ge proportion ( br[n diamonds1 some:at bett] 9 quality ?an ,kamf]sdam & m regul> 9 %ape4 ,! diamonds f ?is m9e pres5t a di/9ctly 8alluvial0 appe>ance1 b !y are nev]!less di/9ctive 9 "* f riv] diamonds & mu* inf]ior 9 quality4 ,! diamonds f ! ,leice/] ,m9e are ( a di/9ctive "*2 !y are v mu* groov$1 extremely bad %apes = cutt+1 & _m ( ! /ones are cross-gra9$4 ,! ,newl&s ,m9e1 ,we/ ,griqual&1 ab\t #dj miles nor?-we/ ( ,kimb]ley1 is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! occurr5ce ( diamond 9 :at ! ,rev]5d ,pr(essor ,bonney consid]s to be its true matrix4 ,! workm5 occasionally come across well-r\nd$1 b\ld]-l masses ( eclogite1 a r co>sely cry/all9e rock1 sometimes m ?an a foot 9 diamet]4 ,"s ( ^! b\ld]s h diamonds imb$d$ 9 !m4 ,"o piece exam9$ by ,pr(essor ,bonney measur$ approximately #d in*es by #c in*es by #b in*es1 & appe>$ to h be5 brok5 (f a l>g] eclogite b\ld]4 ,9 x 7 se5 t5 diamonds1 mo/ly well-cry/allis$ octah$ra1 p]fectly col\rless1 ) brilliant lu/re1 f\r ( !m be+ compris$ )9 a space ( a qu>t] ( an in* squ>e4 ,all ^! diamonds 7 on ! surface4 ,probably o!rs w\ld h be5 f\nd inside1 b x 0 n consid]$ desirable to de/roy ! specim5 by break+ x up4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 hav+ be5 pres5t$ by ! ,directors ( ! ,newl&s ,m9e4 ,eclogite has be5 f\nd 9 o!r diamond m9es1 b ,i am n aw>e t diamonds h be5 f\nd imb$d$ 9 x except 9 ! ,newl&s ,m9e4 ,/ones f ,jag]sfonte91 9 ! ,orange ,riv] ,colony1 display great purity ( col\r & brilliancy1 & !y h ! s-call$ 8/eely0 lu/re *>act]i/ic ( old ,indian gems4 ,,fall+ ,,(f ,,( ,,yield ,,) ,,dep? ,accord+ to tables furni%$ by ! ,de ,be]s ,company1 ! yield ( ! ,de ,be]s & ,kimb]ley m9es has decl9$ z ! dep? increases4 ,at ! same "t ! value ( ! /ones has ris51 & diamonds are m exp5sive to-day ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,value ,,ye> ,,c>ats#e ,,p] ,,c>at ,,p] ,,load s4 d4 #ahhi #abhc #ai #hge #ahij #aae #cb #fge #ahia #jii #bi #f #ahib #jib #be #f #ahic #aje #bi #jf #ahid #jhi #bd #eb #ahie #jhe #be #f #ahif #jia #bf #id #ahig #jib #bf #ajf #ahih #jhj #bf #fb #ahii #jga #bi #gb #aijj #jfg #ce #ajb #aija #jgf #ci #g #aijb #jgf #df #eg #aijc #jfa #dh #fc #aijd #jed #dh #aah ,,/ones ,,o!r ,,?an ,,diamonds ,accompany+ diamonds 9 ! conc5trates are a numb] ( o!r m9]als ( high specific gravity1 & "s ( notable beauty4 ,among ^! are ! ri* r$ pyrope 7g>net71 sp4 gr4 #cg1 conta9+ f #ad to #c p] c5t ( oxide ( *romium2 zircon1 9 fle%-col\r$ gra9s & cry/als1 sp4 gr4 #d to #dg2 kyanite1 sp4 gr4 #cde to #cg1 disc]nible by its blue col\r & p]fect cleavage2 *rome diopside1 sp4 gr4 #cbc to #ce1 ( a bright gre5 col\r2 bronzite1 sp4 gr4 #ca to #cc2 magnetite1 sp4 gr4 #di to #eb2 mix$ *rome & titanium iron ore1 sp4 gr4 #dd to #di1 conta9+ f #ac to #fa p] c5t ( oxide ( *romium1 & f #c to #fh p] c5t ( titanic acid1 91 *angeable quantities2 hornbl5de1 sp4 gr4 #bi to #cd2 b>ytes1 sp4 gr4 #dc to #dg2 & mica4 ,"s ( ! g>nets are ( f9e quality1 & "o 0 rec5tly cut :i* resembl$ a pigeonblood ruby1 & attract$ an (f] ( #be4 ,9 ! pulsator & sort+ h\se mo/ ( ! native lab\r]s are long-s5t5ce convicts1 suppli$ ) food1 clo?+1 & m$ical att5dance by ! ,company4 ,!y are necess>ily well gu>d$4 ,i myself saw ab\t #ajjj convicts at "w4 ,i 0 told t insubord9ation is v r>e2 ap>t f ! hopelessness ( a successful ris+1 !re is little inducem5t to revolt2 ! lot ( ^! diamond work]s is pref]able to life 9 ! ,gov]nm5t prisons1 & !y seem cont5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,de ,,be]s ,,diamond ,,(fice4 #be1jjj ,,c>ats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,de ,,be]s ,,diamond ,,(fice4 ,,! ,,valuators' ,,table4 ,to face p4 #gb4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,diamond ,,(fice ,f ! pulsator ! diamonds are s5t to ! g5]al (fice 9 ,kimb]ley to be cleans$ 9 a boil+ mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids4 ,a p>cel ( diamonds loses ab\t half a "p p] #ajjj by ?is treatm5t4 ,on "o ( my visits to ! diamond (fice ! door op5$ & 9 walk$ two "y m51 ea* c>ry+ a l>ge enamell$ saucepan conta9+ some?+ /eam+ hot4 ,!y w5t to "o ( ! z9c-cov]$ tables & turn$ out f ! saucepans a lu/r\s heap ( #be1jjj c>ats ( diamonds 7,fig4 #aj74 ,!y _h j be5 boil$ 9 acid & wa%$4 ,aft] purification ! diamonds are h&$ to ! valuators 7,fig4 #aa71 :o sort !m into classes1 accord+ to size1 col\r1 & purity4 ,9 ! diamond (fice !y are sort$ into t5 classes4 ,9 ! ye> #ahie1 9 #aadah c>ats ( /ones1 ! proportions ( ! diff]5t classes 7 z foll[s3 ,close goods 7be/ /ones7 #ech ,spott$ /ones #geh ,f9e cleavage #gia ,flats #cie ,macles #cfe ,ord9>y & rejection cleavage #bdcd ,rejection /ones #dcb ,light & br[n cleavage #efi ,rubbi% #cgah ------ #ajjjj ------ ,f9e s& #adah ------ #aadah ,x is a sight = ,aladd9 to see ! valuators at "w 9 ! /rong-room ( ! ,de ,be]s ,company at ,kimb]ley4 ,! tables are lit]ally heap$ ) /ones won f ! r\gh blue gr\nd--/ones ( all sizes1 purifi$1 fla%+1 & ( ine/imable price2 /ones t w be covet$ by m5 & wom5 all ! _w ov]2 & la/1 b n lea/1 /ones t are probably de/9$ to l>gely influ5ce ! developm5t & hi/ory ( a :ole huge cont95t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,notewor?y ,,diamonds ,prodigi\s diamonds are n s uncommon z is g5]ally suppos$4 ,diamonds weigh+ ov] an ounce 7#aeae c>ats7 are n unfrequ5t at ,kimb]ley4 ,"s ye>s ago1 9 "o p>cel ( /ones1 ,i saw eight p]fect ounce cry/als1 & "o /one weigh+ #b ounces 7,fig4 #ab74 ,! l>ge/ diamond f ! ,kimb]ley m9es weigh$ #dbh c>ats1 or ne>ly #d ounces troy4 ,x measur$ #a in* ?r\gh ! longe/ axis & 0 #a in* squ>e4 ,aft] cutt+ x weigh$ #bbh c>ats1 los+ #bjj c>ats 9 ! process4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n diamond 0 discov]$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aije1 at ! ,new ,premi] ,m9e1 ne> ,pretoria4 ,?is m9e is ( ! same type z ! ,kimb]ley m9es1 b l>g] 9 size1 &1 9 fact1 is ! l>ge/ kn[n diamantif]\s pipe 9 ! _w--! pipe conta9+ ! 8blue gr\nd10 along ! long] diamet] ( its oval-%ap$ cross-section1 measur+ ov] half a mile1 & its area is e/imat$ at #cej1jjj squ>e y>ds4 ,?is pipe breaks ?r\gh felsitic rocks4 ,! diamond1 call$ 8,cull9an0 f ! "n ( "o ( ! directors ( ! company on ^: f>m x 0 discov]$1 0 pres5t$ to ,k+ ,edw>d on 8 bir?day by ! p ( ! ,transvaal4 ,x weigh$ no less ?an #cjbe c>ats1 or #iehfe gra9s 7#acg lb4 avoirdupois74 ,x 0 a fragm5t1 probably less ?an half1 ( a di/ort$ octah$ral cry/al2 ! o!r portions /ill await discov]y by "s =tunate m9]4 ,! frontispiece %[s ?is diamond 9 its natural size1 f a photograph tak5 by myself4 ,i _h an opportunity ( exam9+ & exp]im5t+ ) ?is unequall$ /one be=e x 0 cut4 ,a beam ( pol>is$ light pass$ 9 any direction ?r\gh ! /one1 & !n ?r\gh an analys]1 reveal$ col\rs 9 all cases1 appe>+ brighte/ :5 ! light pass$ along ! greate/ diamet]--ab\t #d in*es4 ,"h ! col\rs 7 v f9e1 b no regul> figure 0 to be se54 ,r\nd a small black spot 9 ! int]ior ( ! /one ! col\rs 7 v vivid1 *ang+ & rotat+ r\nd ! spot z ! analys] 0 turn$4 ,^! obs]vations indicat$ int]nal /ra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,a ,,gr\p ,,( ,,l>ge ,,diamond ,,cry/als4 ,to face p4 #gf4 ,! cle>ness ?r\gh\t 0 rem>kable1 ! /one be+ absolutely limpid l wat]1 ) ! exception ( a few flaws1 d>k graphitic spots1 & col\r$ pat*es close to ! outside4 ,at "o "p ne> ! surface !re 0 an int]nal crack1 %[+ well ! col\rs ( ?9 plates4 ,at ano!r po9t !re 0 a milky1 opaque mass1 ( a br[n col\r1 ) pieces ( :at look$ l iron oxide4 ,!re 7 f\r cleavage planes ( great smoo?ness & regul>ity4 ,on o!r p>ts ( ! surface ! cry/all9e /ructure 0 v m>k$4 ,! edges 7 r\nd$ 9 p>ts1 & triangul> m>k+s 7depressions7 7 to be se54 ,i also notic$ squ>e depressions1 ne>ly z %>p & p]fect z ! triangul> ones4 ,! cleav+ & cutt+ & poli%+ ( ! ,cull9an diamond 0 entru/$ to ! firm ( ,ass*] & ,co41 9 ,am/]dam4 ,! cleavage ( ! diamond 0 v successfully accompli%$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,ass*]4 ,an incision half an in* deep 0 made ) a %>p diamond po9t 9 ! prop] place1 !n a specially design$ knife blade 0 plac$ 9 ! incision & x 0 /ruck a heavy bl[ ) a piece ( /eel4 ,! diamond split ?r\gh a defective spot1 "p ( :i* 0 left 9 ea* portion ( ! diamond4 ,gigantic z is ! ,cull9an diamond1 x repres5ts 9 weight less ?an half ! daily output ( ! ,de ,be]s m9es1 :i* av]ages ab\t #gjjj c>ats p] day4 ,next 9 size to ! ,cull9an comes ! "o :i* 0 f\nd at ! ,jag]sfonte9 ,m9e4 ,x weigh$ #igj c>ats--ov] half a p\nd4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! names & weights ( "s hi/oric diamonds 7,fig4 #ac73 #a4 ,koh-i-noor1 aft] ! second cutt+1 #ajf c>ats4 #b4 ,lot]ie d',anglet]re1 #di c>ats4 #c4 ,nizam ( ,hyd]abad1 #bgi c>ats4 #d4 ,orl(f1 #aid c>ats4 #e4 ,koh-i-noor1 aft] fir/ cutt+1 #bgi c>ats4 #f4 ,reg5t or ,pitt1 #acg c>ats4 #g4 ,duke ( ,tuscany1 #acc c>ats4 #h4 ,/> ( ! ,s\?1 #abd c>ats4 #i4 ,pole ,/>1 #dj c>ats4 #aj4 ,tiffany1 yell[1 #abe c>ats4 #aa4 ,hope1 blue diamond1 #dd c>ats4 #ab4 ,sancy1 #ec c>ats4 #ac4 ,empress ,eug5ie1 #ea c>ats4 #ad4 ,%ah1 #hf c>ats4 #ae4 ,nassak1 #gi c>ats4 #af4 ,pa%a ( ,egypt1 #dj c>ats4 #ag4 ,cull9an1 #cjbe c>ats4 #ah4 ,excelsior1 ,jag]sfonte91 #ifi c>ats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,"s ,,hi/oric ,,diamonds4 ,to face p4 #hj4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,bo>t1 ,,c>bonado1 ,,& ,,graphite ,! black inclusions 9 "s transp>5t diamonds consi/ ( graphite4 ,on cru%+ a cle> diamond %[+ su* spots & heat+ 9 oxyg5 to a temp]ature well bel[ ! po9t at :i* diamond beg9s to burn1 ,moissan f\nd t ! grey t9t ( ! p[d] disappe>$1 no black spots be+ se5 "u ! microscope4 ,!re also occur :at may be consid]$ int]m$iate =ms betwe5 ! well-cry/allis$ diamond & graphite4 ,^! are 8bo>t0 & 8c>bonado40 ,bo>t is an imp]fectly cry/allis$ diamond1 hav+ no cle> portions1 & !re=e useless = gems4 ,%ot bo>t is frequ5tly f\nd 9 sph]ical globules1 & may be ( all col\rs4 ,ord9>y bo>t is s h>d t x is us$ 9 rock-drill+1 & :5 cru%$ x is employ$ = cutt+ & poli%+ o!r /ones4 ,c>bonado is ! ,brazilian t]m = a /ill less p]fectly cry/allis$ =m ( c>bon4 ,x is equally h>d1 & occurs 9 por\s masses & 9 massive black pebbles1 sometimes weigh+ two or m ounces4 ,! a% left aft] burn+ a diamond inv>iably conta9s iron z its *ief con/itu5t2 & ! mo/ common col\rs ( diamonds1 :5 n p]fectly pellucid1 %[ v>i\s %ades ( br[n & yell[1 f ! pale/ 8(f col\r0 to almo/ black4 ,^! v>iations give support to ! !ory advanc$ by ,moissan t ! diamond has sep>at$ f molt5 iron--a !ory ( :i* ,i %all say m pres5tly--& also expla9 h[ x happ5s t /ones f diff]5t m9es1 & ev5 f diff]5t p>ts ( ! same m9e1 diff] f ea* o!r4 ,fur!r confirmation is giv5 by ! fact t ! c\ntry r\nd ,kimb]ley is rem>kable = its f]rug9\s "*1 & iron-saturat$ soil is popul>ly reg>d$ z "o ( ! indications ( ! ne> pres5ce ( diamonds4 ,,graphite ,int]m$iate betwe5 s(t c>bon & diamond come ! graphites4 ,! "n graphite is giv5 to a v>iety ( c>bon1 g5]ally cry/all9e1 :i* 9 an oxidis+ mixture ( *lorate ( potassium & nitric acid =ms graphitic oxide4 ,?is v>ies 9 col\r f gre5 to br[n or yell[1 or x is almo/ )\t col\r1 accord+ to ! complet5ess ( ! reaction4 ,graphites are ( v>y+ d5sities1 f #bj to #cj1 & g5]ally ( cry/all9e aspect4 ,graphite & diamond pass ins5sibly into "o ano!r4 ,h>d graphite & s(t diamond are ne> ! same specific gravity4 ,! diff]5ce appe>s to be "o ( pressure at ! "t ( =mation4 ,"s =ms ( graphite exhibit ! rem>kable prop]ty by :i* x is possible to asc]ta9 approximately ! temp]ature at :i* !y 7 =m$1 or to :i* !y h subsequ5tly be5 expos$4 ,spr\t+ graphite is a =m1 frequ5tly met ) 9 nature1 :i* on mod]ate heat+ swells up to a bulky1 v light mass ( amorph\s c>bon4 ,moissan has f\nd x 9 blue gr\nd f ,kimb]ley2 my own results v]ify 84 ,:5 obta9$ by simple elevation ( temp]ature 9 ! arc or ! electric furnace graphites d n spr\t2 b :5 !y are =m$ by dissolv+ c>bon 9 a metal at a high temp]ature & !n all[+ ! graphite to sep>ate out on cool+1 ! spr\t+ v>iety appe>s4 ,! ph5om5on ( spr\t+ is easily %[n4 ,if a few gra9s are plac$ 9 a te/-tube & heat$ to ab\t #agj ,c41 ! gra9s increase enorm\sly 9 bulk & fill ! tube ) a light =m ( amorph\s c>bon4 ,! resi/ance ( a graphite to oxidis+ ag5ts is great] ! high] ! temp]ature to :i* x has previ\sly be5 expos$4 ,graphites :i* are easily attack$ by a mixture ( fum+ nitric acid & potassium *lorate are r5d]$ m resi/ant by /rong heat 9 ! electric furnace4 ,i h already signifi$ t !re are v>i\s degrees ( refractor9ess to *emical reag5ts among ! diff]5t =ms ( graphite4 ,"s dissolve 9 /rong nitric acid2 o!r =ms ( graphite require a mixture ( highly conc5trat$ nitric acid & potassium *lorate to attack !m1 & ev5 ) ?is int5sely p[]ful ag5t "s graphites resi/ long] ?an o!rs4 ,m4 ,moissan has %[n t ! p[] ( resi/ance to nitric acid & potassium *lorate is 9 proportion to ! temp]ature at :i* ! graphite 0 =m$1 & ) tol]able c]ta9ty we c e/imate ?is temp]ature by ! resi/ance ( ! specim5 ( graphite to ?is reag5t4 ,,cry/allisation ,! diamond belongs to ! isometric sy/em ( cry/allography2 ! prevail+ =m is octah$ral4 ,x frequ5tly occurs ) curv$ faces & edges4 ,tw9 cry/als 7macles7 are n uncommon4 ,diamond cry/als are g5]ally p]fect on all sides4 ,!y seldom %[ irregul> sides or faces by :i* !y 7 atta*$ to a support1 z d artificial cry/als ( *emical salts2 ano!r pro( t ! diamond mu/ h cry/allis$ f a d5se liquid4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration 7,fig4 #ad7 %[s "s ( ! v>i\s cry/all9e =ms ( native diamonds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,cry/all9e ,,=ms ,,( ,,native ,,diamonds4 ,to face p4 #hf4 ,no4 #a4 ,diamond 9 ! =m ( a hexakis-octah$ron 7! =ty-eight scal5oh$ron71 or a solid figure conta9$ by =ty-eight scal5e triangles4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,maskelyne1 ?is occurs z a self-exi/5t =m only 9 ! diamond4 ,no4 #b4 ,diamond 9 ! =m ( a hexakis-octah$ron & octah$ron4 ,f ,sudafrika4 ,no4 #c4 ,diamond 9 ! =m ( octah$ron ) int]sections4 ,no4 #d4 ,diamond f ,brazil4 ,no4 #e4 ,diamond f ,kimb]ley4 ,no4 #f4 ,diamond f ,brazil4 ,no1 #g4 ,a macle or tw9 cry/al1 %[+ its =mation f an octah$ron ) curv$ edges4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s cry/als ( diamonds h _! surfaces beautifully m>k$ ) equilat]al triangles1 int]lac$ & ( v>y+ sizes 7,fig4 #ae74 ,"u ! microscope ^! m>k+s appe> z holl[ depressions %>ply cut out ( ! surr\nd+ surface1 & ^! depressions 7 suppos$ by ,gu/av ,rose to indicate ! probability t ! diamonds _h at "s previ\s "t be5 expos$ to incipi5t combu/ion4 ,rose po9t$ out t simil> triangul> /riations appe>$ on ! surfaces ( diamonds burnt be=e ! bl[pipe4 ,?is exp]im5t ,i h repeat$ on a cle> diamond1 & ,i h satisfi$ myself t dur+ combu/ion be=e ! bl[pipe1 9 ! field ( a microscope1 ! surface is et*$ ) triangul> m>k+s diff]5t 9 "* f ^? naturally on cry/als 7,fig4 #af74 ,! artificial /ri are v irregul>1 mu* small]1 & mass$ clos] toge!r1 look+ z if ! diamond dur+ combu/ion flak$ away 9 triangul> *ips1 :ile ! m>k+s natural to cry/als appe> z if produc$ by ! cry/allis+ =ce z !y 7 be+ built up4 ,_m cry/als ( *emical comp\nds appe> /riat$ f bo? ^! causes4 ,geometrical m>k+s c be produc$ by erod+ ! surface ( a cry/al ( alum ) wat]1 & !y also occur naturally dur+ cry/allisation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,triangul> ,,m>k+s ,,on ,,natural ,,face ,,( ,a ,,diamond ,,cry/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,triangul> ,,m>k+s ,,artificially ,,produc$ ,,on ,a ,,diamond ,,cry/al4 ,to face page #hh4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,physical ,,& ,,*emical ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,! ,,diamond ,i ne$ sc>cely say ! diamond is almo/ pure c>bon1 & x is ! h>de/ sub/ance 9 nature4 ,:5 heat$ 9 air or oxyg5 to a temp]ature v>y+ f #gfj to #hge ,c41 accord+ to its h>dness1 ! diamond burns ) production ( c>bonic acid4 ,x leaves an extremely light a%1 sometimes reta9+ ! %ape ( ! cry/al1 consi/+ ( iron1 lime1 magnesia1 silica1 & titanium4 ,9 bo>t & c>bonado ! am\nt ( a% sometimes rises to #d p] c5t1 b 9 cle> cry/allis$ diamonds x is seldom high] ?an #jje p] c5t4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ con/itu5t ( ! a% is iron4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! temp]atures ( combu/ion 9 oxyg5 ( diff]5t k9ds ( c>bon3 ,c4 ,cond5s$ vap\r ( c>bon #fej ,c>bon f sug>1 heat$ 9 an electrical furnace #ffj ,artificial graphites1 g5]ally #ffj ,graphite f ord9>y ca/-iron #fgj ,c>bon f blue gr\nd1 ( an o*re col\r #fij ,c>bon f blue gr\nd1 v h>d & black #gaj ,diamond1 s(t ,brazilian #gfj ,diamond1 h>d ,kimb]ley #ghj ,bo>t f ,brazil #gij ,bo>t f ,kimb]ley #gij ,bo>t1 v h>d1 almo/ impossible to cut #ijj ,,h>dness ,diamonds v>y consid]ably 9 h>dness1 & ev5 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same cry/al diff] 9 _! resi/ance to cutt+ & gr9d+4 ,beautifully :ite diamonds h be5 f\nd at ,inv]el1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 & f ! ri* yield ( ! m9e & ! :ite col\r ( ! /ones great ?+s 7 expect$4 ,9 ! fir/ p>cel :i* came to ,engl& ! /ones 7 f\nd to be s mu* h>d] ?an ,s\? ,african diamonds t x 0 at fir/ fe>$ !y w\ld be useless except = rock-bor+ purposes4 ,! difficulty ( cutt+ !m disappe>$ ) improv$ appliances1 & !y n[ are highly priz$4 ,! fam\s ,koh-i-noor1 :5 be+ cut into its pres5t =m1 %[$ a notable v>iation 9 h>dness4 ,9 cutt+ "o ( ! facets ne> a yell[ flaw1 ! cry/al became h>d] & h>d] ! fur!r x 0 cut1 until1 aft] work+ ! mill = six h\rs at ! usual spe$ ( #bdjj revolutions a m9ute1 little impression 0 made4 ,! spe$ 0 increas$ to m ?an #cjjj1 :5 ! "w sl[ly proce$$4 ,o!r portions ( ! /one 7 f\nd to be comp>atively s(t1 & became h>d] z ! outside 0 cut away4 ,! int5se h>dness ( ! diamond c be illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 ,on ! flatt5$ apex ( a conical block ( /eel place a diamond1 & ^u x br+ d[n a second cone ( /eel4 ,on =c+ toge!r ! two /eel cones by hydraulic pressure ! /one is squeez$ into ! /eel blocks )\t injur+ x 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,9 an exp]im5t ,i made at ,kimb]ley ! pressure gauge %[$ #fj atmosph]es1 & ! pi/on be+ #cb in*es diamet]1 ! absolute pressure 0 #caf tons1 equival5t on a diamond ( #ab squ>e mm4 surface to #agj tons p] squ>e in* ( diamond4 ,! use ( diamond 9 glass-cutt+ ,i ne$ n dwell on4 ,s h>d is diamond 9 comp>ison to glass1 t a suitable spl9t] ( diamond w plane curls (f a glass plate z a c>p5t]'s tool w plane %av+s (f a deal bo>d4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ag7 %[s a few diamond-cut glass %av+s4 ,,d5sity ,,or ,,specific ,,gravity ,! specific gravity ( ! diamond v>ies ord9>ily f #cead to #ceah4 ,= comp>ison1 ,i give 9 tabul> =m ! specific gravities ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( c>bon & ( ! m9]als f\nd on ! sort+ tables3 ,,specific ,,gravity4 ,amorph\s c>bon #ade-agj ,h>d gas coke #bcef ,h>d graphite #be ,qu>tzite & granite #bf ,b]yl #bg ,mica #bh ,hornbl5de #cj ,bo>t #cdg-cdi ,c>bonado #cej ,diamond #cead-ceah ,g>net #cg ,corundum #ch ,zircon #dd ,b>ytes #de ,*rome & titanic iron ore #dg ,magnetite #ej ,!re is a sub/ance1 ! d\ble nitrate ( silv] & ?allium1 :i*1 :ile solid at ord9>y temp]atures1 liquefies at #ge ,c4 & !n has a specific gravity ( #de4 ,admixture ) wat] l[]s ! d5sity to any desir$ po9t4 ,if a glass cell is tak5 conta9+ ?is liquid dilut$ to a d5sity ( ab\t #cf1 & 9 x is ?r[n pieces ( ! above-nam$ m9]als1 all ^? ^: d5sity is l[] ?an #cf w rise to ! surface1 :ile ! d5s] m9]als w s9k4 ,if n[ a little wat] is c>efully add$ ) con/antly /irr+ until ! d5sity ( ! liquid is r$uc$ to t ( ! diamond1 ! het]og5e\s collection sorts itself into ?ree p>ts4 ,! graphite1 qu>tz1 b]yl1 mica1 & hornbl5de rise to ! surface2 ! g>net1 corundum1 zircons1 etc41 s9k to ! bottom1 :ile ! diamonds float 9 ! middle ( ! liquid4 ,) a plat9um l&+-net ,i c skim (f ! swimm]s & put !m into "o di%2 ) ! same net ,i c fi% out ! diamonds & put !m 9 a second di%1 :ile by rais+ a sieve at ! bottom ,i c remove ! heavy m9]als & put !m into a ?ird4 ,! accurate sep>ation ( diamonds f ! het]og5e\s mixture c be effect$ 9 less "t ?an is tak5 to describe ! exp]im5t4 ,! table %[s t diamonds v>y some:at 9 d5sity among !mselves1 betwe5 n>r[ limits4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 diamonds ov]pass ^! figures4 ,"h is an illu/ration4 ,9 a te/-tube ( ! same d5se liquid are ?ree select$ diamonds4 ,"o rises to ! top1 ano!r floats unc]ta9 :]e to settle1 ris+ & fall+ z ! temp]ature ( ! sort+ liquid is rais$ or l[]$1 :il/ ! ?ird s9ks to ! bottom4 ,all[+ ! liquid to cool a degree or two slightly increases ! d5sity & s5ds all ?ree to ! surface4 ,,phosphoresc5ce ,,( ,,diamond ,aft] exposure = "s "t to ! sun _m diamonds gl[ 9 a d>k room4 ,"s diamonds are fluoresc5t1 appe>+ milky 9 sunlight4 ,9 a vacuum1 expos$ to a high-t5sion curr5t ( electricity1 diamonds phosphoresce ( diff]5t col\rs1 mo/ ,s\? ,african diamonds %9+ ) a blui% light4 ,diamonds f o!r localities emit bright blue1 apricot1 pale blue1 r$1 yell[i% gre51 orange1 & pale gre5 light4 ,! mo/ phosphoresc5t diamonds are ^? :i* are fluoresc5t 9 ! sun4 ,"o beautiful gre5 diamond 9 ! writ]'s collection1 :5 phosphoresc+ 9 a good vacuum1 gives almo/ z mu* light z a c&le1 & y c easily read by its rays4 ,b ! "t has h>dly come :5 diamonds c be us$ z dome/ic illum9ants6 ,! emitt$ light is pale gre51 t5d+ to :ite1 & 9 its spectrum1 :5 /rong1 c be se5 bright l9es1 "o at ab\t #ecgj 9 ! gre51 "o at #eacj 9 ! gre5i% blue1 & "o at #ejcj 9 ! blue4 ,a beautiful collection ( diamond cry/als belong+ to ,pr(essor ,maskelyne phosphoresces ) ne>ly all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 ! diff]5t faces gl[+ ) diff]5t %ades ( col\r4 ,diamonds :i* phosphoresce r$ g5]ally %[ ! yell[ sodium l9e on a cont9u\s spectrum4 ,9 "o ,brazilian diamond phosphoresc+ a r$di%-yell[ col\r ,i detect$ 9 its spectrum ! citron l9e *>act]i/ic ( yttrium4 ,! rays :i* make ! diamond phosphoresce are high 9 ! ultra-violet4 ,to illu/rate ?is phosphoresc5ce "u ! influ5ce ( ! ultra-violet rays1 arrange a p[]ful s\rce ( ^! rays1 & 9 front expose a design made up ( c]ta9 m9]als1 willemite1 frankl9ite1 calcite1 etc4--phosphoresc+ ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,_! brilliant gl[ ceases entirely :5 a ?9 piece ( glass is int]pos$ betwe5 !m & ! ultra-violet lamp4 ,i n[ draw att5tion to a /range prop]ty ( ! diamond1 :i* at fir/ sight might seem to disc\nt ! great p]man5ce & unalt]ability ( ?is /one4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! cause ( phosphoresc5ce is 9 "s way connect$ ) ! hamm]+ ( ! electrons1 viol5tly driv5 f ! negative pole on to ! surface ( ! body "u exam9ation1 & s great is ! en]gy ( ! bomb>dm5t1 t imp++ on a piece ( plat9um or ev5 iridium1 ! metal w actually melt4 ,:5 ! diamond is ?us bomb>d$ 9 a radiant matt] tube ! result is />tl+4 ,x n only phosphoresces1 b becomes discol\r$1 & 9 c\rse ( "t becomes black on ! surface4 ,"s diamonds black5 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes1 :ile o!rs require an h\r or m to discol\r4 ,?is black5+ is only sup]ficial1 & al?\gh no ord9>y means ( clean+ w remove ! discol\ration1 x goes at once :5 ! /one is poli%$ ) diamond p[d]4 ,ord9>y oxidis+ reag5ts h little or no effect 9 re/or+ ! col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,diamond-,,cut ,,glass ,,& ,,%av+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,diamonds ,,9 ,r,,ntg5 ,,rays4 ,a4 ,,black ,,diamond ,,9 ,,gold ,,frame4 ,b4 ,,p9k ,,delhi ,,diamond4 ,c4 ,,pa/e ,,imitation ,,( ,b4 ,to face p4 #ih4 ,! sup]ficial d>k coat+ on a diamond aft] exposure to molecul> bomb>dm5t ,i h prov$ to be graphite4 ,m4 ,moissan has %[n t ?is graphite1 on acc\nt ( its great resi/ance to oxidis+ reag5ts1 _c h be5 =m$ at a l[] temp]ature ?an #cfjj ,c4 ,x is ?us manife/ t ! bomb>d+ electrons1 /rik+ ! diamond ) enorm\s velocity1 raise ! sup]ficial lay] to ! temp]ature ( ! electric arc & turn x into graphite1 :il/ ! mass ( diamond & its conductivity to heat are suffici5t to keep d[n ! g5]al temp]ature to su* a po9t t ! tube appe>s sc>cely m ?an w>m to ! t\*4 ,a simil> action occurs ) silv]1 ! sup]ficial lay]s ( :i* c be rais$ to a r$ heat )\t ! :ole mass becom+ m ?an w>m4 ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,diamond ,,into ,,graphite ,al?\gh we _c conv]t graphite into diamond1 we c *ange ! diamond into graphite4 ,a cle> cry/al ( diamond is plac$ betwe5 two c>bon poles1 & ! poles ) int]v5+ diamond are br\ght toge!r & an arc =m$ betwe54 ,! temp]ature ( ! diamond rapidly rises1 & :5 x approa*es #cfjj ,c41 ! vaporis+ po9t ( c>bon1 x breaks d[n1 swells1 & *anges into black & valueless graphite4 ,,tribo-,,lum9esc5ce ,a few m9]als give out light :5 rubb$4 ,9 ! ye> #affc ! ,hon4 ,rob]t ,boyle read a pap] be=e ! ,royal ,society1 9 :i* he describ$ sev]al exp]im5ts made ) a diamond :i* m>k$ly %[$ tribo-lum9esc5ce4 ,z specim5s ( tribo-lum9esc5t bodies ,i may in/ance sphal]ite 7sulphide ( z9c71 & an artificial sphal]ite1 :i* is ev5 m responsive to friction ?an ! native sulphide4#f ,mrs4 ,kunz1 wife ( ! well-kn[n ,new ,york m9]alogi/1 possesses1 p]haps1 ! mo/ rem>kable ( all phosphoresc+ diamonds4 ,?is prodigy diamond w phosphoresce 9 ! d>k = "s m9utes aft] be+ expos$ to a small pocket electric light1 & if rubb$ on a piece ( clo? a long /reak ( phosphoresc5ce appe>s4 ,,absorption ,,spectrum ,,( ,,diamond ,on pass+ a ray ( light ?r\gh a diamond & exam9+ x 9 a spectroscope1 ,walt] has f\nd 9 all col\rless brilliants ( ov] #a c>at 9 weight an absorption b& at wave-l5g? #daee 7violet74 ,he ascribes ?is b& to an impurity & sugge/s x may possibly be due to sam>ium4 ,?ree o!r fa9t] l9es 7 detect$ 9 ! ultra-violet by means ( photography4 ,,refractivity ,b x is n ! h>dness ( ! diamond s mu* z its optical qualities t make x s highly priz$4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ refract+ sub/ances 9 nature1 & x also has ! highe/ reflect+ prop]ties4 ,9 ! cutt+ ( diamonds advantage is tak5 ( ^! qualities4 ,:5 cut z a brilliant ! facets on ! l[] side are incl9$ s t light falls on !m at an angle ( #bd #ac1 at :i* angle all ! incid5t light is totally reflect$4 ,a well-cut brilliant %\ld appe> opaque by transmitt$ light except at a small spot 9 ! middle :]e ! table & culet are opposite4 ,all ! light fall+ on ! front ( ! /one is reflect$ f ! facets1 & ! light pass+ into ! diamond is reflect$ f ! int]ior surfaces & refract$ into col\rs :5 x passes out into ! air1 giv+ rise to ! lightn+s1 ! effulg5ce1 & coruscations = :i* ! diamond is supreme above all o!r gems4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! refractive indices ( diamonds & o!r bodies3 ,,refractive ,,indices ,,= ,,! ,d ,,l9e ,*romate ( lead #bej-big ,diamond #bdg-bge ,phosphorus #bbb ,sulphur #bab ,ruby #agh ,?allium glass #age ,icel& sp> #afe ,topaz #afa ,b]yl #afj ,em]ald #aei ,fl9t glass #aeh ,qu>tz #aee ,canada balsam #aec ,cr[n glass #aec ,fluor-sp> #add ,ice #aca ,9 va9 ,i h se>*$ = a liquid ( ! same refraction z diamond4 ,su* a liquid w\ld be invaluable to ! m]*ant1 z on imm]s+ a /one ! cle> body w\ld absolutely disappe>1 leav+ 9 all _! ugl9ess ! flaws & black specks s frequ5tly se5 ev5 9 ! be/ /ones4 ,,! ,,diamond ,,& ,,pol>is$ ,,light ,hav+ no d\ble refraction1 ! diamond %\ld n act on pol>is$ light4 ,b z is well kn[n1 if a transp>5t body :i* does n s act is submitt$ to /ra9 ( an irregul> "* x becomes d\bly refract+1 & 9 ! pol>iscope reveals ! exi/5ce ( ! /ra9 by brilliant col\rs arrang$ 9 a m or less def9$ patt]n1 accord+ to ! /ate ( t5sion 9 :i* ! cry/al exi/s4 ,i h exam9$ _m hundr$ diamond cry/als "u pol>is$ light1 & ) few exceptions ! col\rs %[ h[ great is ! /ra9 to :i* "s ( !m are expos$4 ,on rotat+ ! pol>is]1 ! black cross mo/ frequ5tly se5 revolves r\nd a p>ticul> po9t 9 ! inside ( ! cry/al2 on exam9+ ?is po9t ) a high p[] we sometimes see a slight flaw1 m r>ely a m9ute cavity4 ,! cavity is fill$ ) gas at enorm\s pressure1 & ! /ra9 is set up 9 ! /one by ! ef=t ( ! gas to escape4 ,i h already said t ! great ,cull9an diamond by ?is means reveal$ a /ate ( consid]able int]nal /ress & /ra94 ,s great is ?is /ra9 ( int]nal t5sion t x is n uncommon = a diamond to explode soon aft] x rea*es ! surface1 & "s h be5 kn[n to bur/ 9 ! pockets ( ! m9]s or :5 held 9 ! w>m h&4 ,l>ge cry/als are m liable to bur/ ?an small] pieces4 ,valuable /ones h be5 de/roy$ 9 ?is way1 & x is :isp]$ t cunn+ deal]s are n av]se to all[+ responsible cli5ts to h&le or c>ry 9 _! w>m pockets l>ge cry/als fre% f ! m9e4 ,by way ( safegu>d aga9/ explosion "s deal]s imb$ l>ge diamonds 9 raw potato to ensure safe transit to ,engl&4 ,! anomal\s action :i* _m diamonds ex]t on pol>is$ light is n su* z c be induc$ by heat1 b x c easily be conf]r$ on diamonds by pressure1 %[+ t ! /ra9 has n be5 produc$ by sudd5 cool+1 b by sudd5 l[]+ ( pressure4 ,! illu/ration ( ?is peculi>ity is n only difficult1 b sometimes exce$+ly co/ly--difficult because x is necess>y to arrange = project+ on ! scre5 ! image ( a diamond cry/al betwe5 ! jaws ( a hydraulic press1 ! illum9at+ light hav+ to pass ?r\gh delicate optical pol>is+ app>atus--& co/ly because only p]fectly cle> cry/als c be us$1 & cry/als ( ?is "* sometimes fly to pieces z ! pressure rises4 ,at fir/ no col\r is se5 on ! scre51 ! cry/al n be+ birefr+5t4 ,a movem5t ( ! h&le ( ! press1 h[ev]1 gives ! cry/al a p9*1 in/antly respond$ to by ! col\rs on ! scre51 %[+ ! production ( d\ble refraction4 ,ano!r movem5t ( ! h&le bright5s ! col\rs1 & a ?ird may /ra9 ! cry/al beyond its p[] ( resi/ance1 :5 ! cry/al flies to pieces4 ,,! ,,diamond ,,& ,r,,ntg5 ,,rays ,! diamond is rem>kable 9 ano!r respect4 ,x is extremely transp>5t to ! ,rntg5 rays1 :]eas highly refract+ glass1 us$ 9 imitation diamonds1 is almo/ p]fectly opaque to ! rays4 ,i expos$ = a few seconds ov] a photographic plate to ! ,x-rays ! l>ge ,delhi diamond ( a rose-p9k col\r weigh+ #ca c>ats1 a black diamond weigh+ #bc c>ats1 & a glass imitation ( ! p9k diamond 7,fig4 #ah74 ,on developm5t ! impression :]e ! diamond obscur$ ! rays 0 f\nd to be /rong1 %[+ t mo/ rays pass$ ?r\gh1 :ile ! glass 0 practically opaque4 ,by ?is means imitation diamonds c readily be di/+ui%$ f true gems4 ,,action ,,( ,,radium ,,on ,,diamond ,! -rays f radium hav+ l prop]ties to ! /ream ( negative electrons 9 a radiant matt] tube1 x 0 ( int]e/ to asc]ta9 if !y w\ld ex]t a l diff]5ce on diamond4 ,! diamond gl[s "u ! influ5ce ( ! -radiations1 & cru%$ diamond cem5t$ to a piece ( c>d or metal makes an excell5t scre5 9 a sp9?>iscope--almo/ z good z z9c sulphide4 ,"s col\rless cry/als ( diamond 7 imb$d$ 9 radium bromide & kept undi/urb$ = m ?an twelve mon?s4 ,at ! end ( t "t !y 7 exam9$4 ,! radium _h caus$ !m to assume a blui%-gre5 col\r1 & _! value z 8fancy /ones0 _h be5 increas$4 ,?is col\r is p]si/5t & p5etrates bel[ ! surface4 ,x is unaffect$ by long-cont9u$ heat+ 9 /rong nitric acid & potassium *lorate1 & is n dis*>g$ by heat+ to r$ness4 ,to f9d out if ?is prolong$ contact ) radium _h communicat$ to ! diamond any radio-active prop]ties1 six diamonds 7 put on a photographic plate & kept 9 ! d>k = a few h\rs4 ,all %[$ radio-activity by d>k5+ ! s5sitive plate1 "s be+ m-active ?an o!rs4 ,l ! gre5 t9t1 ! radio-activity p]si/s aft] dra/ic treatm5t4 ,to me ?is proves t radio-activity does n m]ely consi/ 9 ! adhesion ( electrons or emanations giv5 (f by radium to ! surface ( an adjac5t body1 b ! prop]ty is "o involv+ lay]s bel[ ! surface1 & l ! alt]ation ( t9t1 is probably closely connect$ ) ! int5se molecul> excitem5t ! /one _h exp]i5c$ dur+ its twelve mon?s' burial 9 radium bromide4 ,a diamond t _h be5 col\r$ by radium1 & _h acquir$ /rong radio-active prop]ties1 0 sl[ly heat$ to dull r$ness 9 a d>k room4 ,j be=e visibility a fa9t phosphoresc5ce spread ov] ! /one4 ,on cool+ & exam9+ ! diamond x 0 f\nd t nei!r ! col\r nor ! radio-activity _h suff]$ appreciably4 ,,boil+- ,,& ,,melt+-,,po9t ,,( ,,c>bon ,on ! av]age ! critical po9t ( a sub/ance is #ae times its absolute boil+-po9t4 ,!re=e ! critical po9t ( c>bon %\ld be ab\t #ehjj ,ab4 ,b ! absolute critical temp]ature divid$ by ! critical pressure is = all ! elem5ts s f> exam9$ nev] less ?an #be2 ?is be+ ab\t ! value ,sir ,james ,dew> f9ds = hydrog54 ,s t1 accept+ ?is1 we get ! maximum critical pressure z foll[s1 viz4 #bcbj atmosph]es3 7#ehjj ,ab47_/,cr,p #b4e1 or ,cr,p 7#ehjj ,ab47_/#b4e1 or #bcbj atmosph]es4 ,c>bon & ars5ic are ! only two elem5ts t h a melt+-po9t above ! boil+-po9t2 & among comp\nds c>bonic acid & fluoride ( silicium are ! only o!r bodies ) simil> prop]ties4 ,n[ ! melt+-po9t ( ars5ic is ab\t #ab times its absolute boil+-po9t4 ,) c>bonic acid & fluoride ( silicium ! melt+-po9ts are ab\t #aa times _! boil+-po9ts4 ,apply+ ^! ratios to c>bon1 we f9d t its melt+-po9t w\ld be ab\t #ddjj4 ,!re=e1 assum+ ! foll[+ data3 ,boil+-po9t #chgj ,ab4 ,melt+-po9t #ddjj ,critical temp]ature #ehjj ,critical pressure #bcbj ,ats4 ! ,rank9e or ,van d] ,waals =mula1 calculat$ f ! boil+-po9t & critical data1 w\ld be z foll[s3 log4 ,p #ajaa - #ciabj_/,t1 & ?is gives = a temp]ature ( #ddjj ,ab4 a pressure ( #aff ,ats4 z ! melt+-po9t pressure4 ,! results ( ! =mula are giv5 9 ! =m ( a table3 ,temp]ature ,pressure ,ab4 ,ats4 #chgj #ajj ,boil+-po9t4 #djjj #bad #dbjj #fbe #ddjj #aff ,melt+-po9t4 #dfjj #djd #dhjj #iab #ejjj #aic #ebjj #chf #edjj #gce #efjj #accj #ehjj #bcbj ,critical po9t 7#ae tons p] squ>e in*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,curve ,,( ,,vap\r ,,pressure ,,( ,,c>bon ,if1 !n1 we may reason f ^! r\gh e/imates1 above a temp]ature ( #ehjj ,ab4 no am\nt ( pressure w cause c>bon vap\r to assume liquid =m1 :il/ at #ddjj ,ab4 a pressure ( above #ag atmosph]es w\ld suffice to liquefy "s ( x4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes ! curve ( vap\r pressure is assum$ to be log>i?mic1 z repres5t$ 9 ! accompany+ diagram4 ,! con/ant #ciabj :i* occurs 9 ! log>i?mic =mula enables u to calculate ! lat5t heat ( evaporation4 ,if we assume ! vap\r d5sity to be normal1 or ! molecule 9 vap\r z ,c#b1 !n ! heat ( volatilisation ( #ab grms4 ( c>bon w\ld be #ij1jjj calories2 or1 if ! vap\r is a cond5s$ molecule l ,c#f1 !n ! #ab grms4 w\ld ne$ #cj1jjj calories4 ,9 ! latt] case ! evaporation ( #a grm4 ( c>bon w\ld require #bejj calories1 :]eas a sub/ance l z9c ne$s only ab\t #djj calories4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,g5esis ,,( ,,! ,,diamond ,speculations z to ! probable orig9 ( ! diamond h be5 greatly =w>d$ by pati5t rese>*1 & p>ticul>ly by improv$ means ( obta9+ high temp]atures1 an advance we owe pr9cipally to ! rese>*es ( ! late ,pr(essor ,moissan4 ,until rec5t ye>s c>bon 0 consid]$ absolutely non-volatile & infusible2 b ! enorm\s temp]atures plac$ at ! disposal ( exp]im5tali/s by ! introduction ( electricity %[ t1 in/ead ( break+ rules1 c>bon obeys ! same laws t gov]n o!r bodies4 ,x volatilises at ! ord9>y pressure at a temp]ature ( ab\t #cfjj ,c41 & passes f ! solid to ! gase\s /ate )\t liquefy+4 ,x has be5 f\nd t o!r bodies1 su* z ars5ic1 :i* volatilise )\t liquefy+ at ! ord9>y pressure1 w easily liquefy if pressure is add$ to temp]ature4 ,x naturally foll[s t if along ) ! requisite temp]ature suffici5t pressure is appli$1 liquefaction ( c>bon w take place1 :5 on cool+ x w cry/allise4 ,b c>bon at high temp]atures is a mo/ en]getic *emical ag5t1 & if x c get hold ( oxyg5 f ! atmosph]e or any comp\nd conta9+ x1 x w oxidise & fly (f 9 ! =m ( c>bonic acid4 ,heat & pressure !re=e are ( no avail unless ! c>bon c be kept in]t4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t iron1 :5 melt$1 dissolves c>bon1 & on cool+ lib]ates x 9 ! =m ( graphite4 ,moissan discov]$ t sev]al o!r metals1 especially silv]1 h simil> prop]ties2 b iron is ! be/ solv5t = c>bon4 ,! quantity ( c>bon ent]+ into solution increases ) ! temp]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,moissan',s ,,electric ,,furnace4 ,to face p4 #aaf4 ,= ! artificial manufacture ( diamond ! fir/ necessity is to select pure iron--free f sulphur1 silicon1 phosphorus1 etc4--& to pack x 9 a c>bon crucible ) pure *>coal f sug>4 ,! crucible is !n put into ! body ( ! electric furnace & a p[]ful arc =m$ close above x betwe5 c>bon poles1 utilis+ a curr5t ( #gjj ampres at #dj volts pressure 7,fig4 #bj74 ,! iron rapidly melts & saturates itself ) c>bon4 ,aft] a few m9utes' heat+ to a temp]ature above #djjj ,c4--a temp]ature at :i* ! iron melts l wax & volatilises 9 cl\ds--! curr5t is /opp$ & ! dazzl+ fi]y crucible is plung$ b5ea? ! surface ( cold wat]1 :]e x is held till x s9ks bel[ a r$ heat4 ,z is well kn[n1 iron increases 9 volume at ! mom5t ( pass+ f ! liquid to ! solid /ate4 ,! sudd5 cool+ solidifies ! out] lay] ( iron & holds ! inn] molt5 mass 9 a tight grip4 ,! expansion ( ! inn] liquid on solidify+ produces an enorm\s pressure1 & "u ! /ress ( ?is pressure ! dissolv$ c>bon sep>ates out 9 transp>5t =ms--m9utely microscopic1 x is true--all ! same v]itable diamonds1 ) cry/all9e =m & appe>ance1 col\r1 h>dness1 & action on light1 ! same z ! natural gem4 ,n[ comm5ces ! t$i\s "p ( ! process4 ,! metallic +ot is attack$ ) hot nitro-hydro*loric acid until no m iron is dissolv$4 ,! bulky residue consi/s *iefly ( graphite1 toge!r ) transluc5t *e/nut-col\r$ flakes ( c>bon1 black opaque c>bon ( a d5sity ( f #cj to #ce & h>d z diamonds--black diamonds or c>bonado1 9 fact--& a small portion ( transp>5t1 col\rless diamonds %[+ cry/all9e /ructure4 ,besides ^! !re may be c>bide ( silicon & corundum1 aris+ f impurities 9 ! mat]ials employ$4 ,! residue is fir/ heat$ = "s h\rs ) /rong sulphuric acid at ! boil+-po9t1 ) ! cauti\s addition ( p[d]$ nitre4 ,x is !n well wa%$ & = two days all[$ to soak 9 /rong hydr(luoric acid 9 cold1 !n 9 boil+ acid4 ,aft] ?is treatm5t ! s(t graphite disappe>s1 & mo/1 if n all1 ! silicon comp\nds h be5 de/roy$4 ,hot sulphuric acid is aga9 appli$ to de/roy ! fluorides1 & ! residue1 well wa%$1 is attack$ ) a mixture ( ! /ronge/ nitric acid & p[d]$ potassium *lorate1 kept w>m--b n above #fj ,c41 to avoid explosions4 ,?is treatm5t mu/ be repeat$ six or eight times1 :5 all ! h>d graphite w gradually be dissolv$ & little else left b graphitic oxide1 diamond1 & ! h>d] c>bonado & bo>t4 ,! residue is fus$ = an h\r 9 fluorhydrate or fluoride ( potassium1 !n boil$ out 9 wat] & aga9 heat$ 9 sulphuric acid4 ,! well-wa%$ gra9s :i* resi/ ?is en]getic treatm5t are dri$1 c>efully deposit$ on a slide1 & exam9$ "u ! microscope4 ,along ) num]\s pieces ( black diamond are se5 transp>5t1 col\rless pieces1 "s amorph\s1 o!rs ) a cry/all9e appe>ance4 ,fig4 #ba ,b %[s "o ( ^! cry/all9e fragm5ts4 ,al?\gh _m fragm5ts ( cry/als occur1 x is rem>kable ,i h nev] se5 a complete cry/al4 ,all appe> %att]$1 z if on be+ lib]at$ f ! int5se pressure "u :i* !y 7 =m$ !y bur/ asund]4 ,i h s+ul> evid5ce ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,a f9e piece ( artificial diamond1 c>efully m\nt$ by me on a microscopic slide1 explod$ dur+ ! night & cov]$ ! slide ) fragm5ts4 ,moissan's cry/als ( artificial diamond sometimes broke a few weeks aft] _! prep>ation1 & "s ( ! diamonds :i* crack$ weeks or ev5 mon?s aft] _! prep>ation %[$ fissures cov]$ ) m9ute cubes4 ,i h expla9$ t ?is bur/+ p>oxysm is n unkn[n at ! ,kimb]ley m9es4 ,s f>1 all su* artificial diamonds are microscopic4 ,! l>ge/ artificial diamond is less ?an "o millimetre across4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,artificial ,,diamond ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,f ,,molt5 ,,iron4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,moissan',s ,,artificial ,,diamonds4 ,to face p4 #abj4 ,^! laboratory diamonds burn 9 ! air be=e ! bl[pipe to c>bonic acid4 ,9 lu/re1 cry/all9e =m1 optical prop]ties1 d5sity1 & h>dness !y are id5tical ) ! natural /one4 ,9 sev]al cases ,moissan sep>at$ t5 to fifte5 microscopic diamonds f a s+le +ot4 ,! l>g] ( ^! are ab\t #jge mm4 long1 ! octah$ra be+ #jb mm4 ,! accompany+ illu/rations 7,fig4 #bb7 are copi$ f draw+s 9 ,moissan's book ,le ,f\r ,electrique4 ,along ) c>bon1 molt5 iron dissolves o!r bodies :i* possess t9ctorial p[]s4 ,we "k ( blue1 gre51 p9k1 yell[1 & orange diamonds4 ,"o bat* ( iron might conta9 an impurity col\r+ ! /ones blue1 ano!r lot w\ld t5d t[>ds ! =mation ( p9k /ones1 ano!r ( gre51 & s on4 ,cobalt1 nickel1 *romium1 & manganese1 all metals pres5t 9 ! blue gr\nd1 w\ld produce ^! col\rs4 ,a ,,new ,,=mation ,,( ,,diamond ,i h long speculat$ z to ! possibility ( obta9+ artificially su* pressures & temp]atures z w\ld fulfil ! above conditions4 ,9 _! rese>*es on ! gases f fir$ gunp[d] & cordite1 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,abel & ,sir ,&rew ,noble obta9$ 9 clos$ /eel cyl9d]s pressures z great z #ie tons to ! squ>e in*1 & temp]atures z high z #djjj ,c4 ,accord+ to a pap] rec5tly communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society1 ,sir ,&rew ,noble1 explod+ cordite 9 clos$ vessels1 has obta9$ a pressure ( #hjjj atmosph]es1 or #ej tons p] squ>e in*1 ) a temp]ature rea*+ 9 all probability #edjj ,ab4 ,"h1 !n1 we h conditions fav\rable = ! liquefaction ( c>bon1 & 7 ! "t ( explosion suffici5t to all[ ! reactions to take place1 we %\ld c]ta9ly expect to get ! liquid c>bon to solidify 9 ! cry/all9e /ate4#g ,by ! k9dness ( ,sir ,&rew ,noble ,i h be5 enabl$ to "w ^u "s ( ! residues obta9$ 9 clos$ vessels aft] explosions1 & ,i h submitt$ !m to ! same treatm5t t ! granulat$ iron _h gone ?r\gh4 ,aft] weeks ( pati5t toil ,i remov$ ! amorph\s c>bon1 ! graphite1 ! silica1#h & o!r con/itu5ts ( ! a% ( cordite1 & obta9$ a residue among :i*1 "u ! microscope1 cry/all9e p>ticles c\ld be di/+ui%$4 ,"s ( ^! p>ticles1 f _! cry/all9e appe>ance & d\ble refraction1 7 silicon c>bide2 o!rs 7 probably diamonds4 ,! :ole residue 0 dri$ & fus$ at a good r$ heat 9 an excess ( potassium bifluoride1 to :i* 0 add$1 dur+ fusion1 #e p] c5t ( nitre4 7,previ\s exp]im5ts _h %[n me t ?is mixture readily attack$ & dissolv$ silicon c>bide2 un=tunately x also attacks diamond to a slight degree47 ,all ! op]ations ( wa%+ & acid treatm5t 7 p]=m$ 9 a l>ge plat9um crucible by decantation 7except ! prelim9>y attack ) nitric acid & potassium *lorate1 :5 a h>d glass vessel 0 us$72 ! f9al result 0 wa%$ into a %all[ wat*-glass & ! selection made "u ! microscope4 ,! residue1 aft] ?or\gh wa%+ & !n heat+ 9 fum+ sulphuric acid1 0 wa%$1 & ! l>ge/ cry/all9e p>ticles pick$ out & m\nt$4 ,f ! treatm5t ! residual cry/als _h und]gone1 *emi/s w agree ) me t diamonds only c\ld /& su* an ordeal2 on submitt+ !m to skill$ cry/allographic au?orities my op9ion is confirm$4 ,speak+ ( ! l>ge/ cry/al1 "o em95t au?ority calls x 8a diamond %[+ octah$ral planes ) d>k b\nd>ies due to high refract+ index40 ,aft] c>eful exam9ation1 ano!r au?ority writes ( ! same cry/al diamond1 8,i ?9k "o may safely say t ! position & angles ( its faces1 & ( its cleavages1 ! abs5ce ( birefr+5ce1 & ! high refractive index are all compatible ) ! prop]ties ( ! diamond cry/allis+ 9 ! =m ( an octah$ron4 ,o!rs ( ! rema9+ cry/als1 :i* %[ a simil> high refractive index1 appe>$ to me to pres5t ! same features40 ,x w\ld h be5 m conclusive _h ,i be5 able to get fur!r evid5ce z to ! d5sity & h>dness ( ! cry/als2 b f :at ,i h already said ,i ?9k !re is no d\bt t 9 ^! clos$ vessel explosions we h ano!r me?od ( produc+ ! diamond artificially4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,natural ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,diamond ,an hypo!sis is ( little value if x only elucidates half a problem4 ,let u see h[ f> we c foll[ out ! f]ric hypo!sis to expla9 ! volcanic pipes4 ,9 ! fir/ place we mu/ rememb] ^! s-call$ volcanic v5ts are admitt$ly n fill$ ) ! eruptive rocks1 scoriace\s fragm5ts1 etc41 con/itut+ ! ord9>y cont5ts ( volcanic ducts4 ,c]ta9 artificial diamonds pres5t ! appe>ance ( an elongat$ drop4 ,i h se5 diamonds :i* h exactly ! appe>ance ( drops ( liquid sep>at$ 9 a pa/y condition & cry/allis$ on cool+4 ,diamonds are sometimes f\nd ) little appe>ance ( cry/allisation1 b ) r\nd$ =ms simil> to ^? :i* a liquid might assume if kept 9 ! mid/ ( ano!r liquid ) :i* x w\ld n mix4 ,o!r drops ( liquid c>bon reta9$ = suffici5t "t above _! melt+-po9t w\ld coalesce ) adjac5t drops1 & on sl[ cool+ w\ld sep>ate 9 ! =m ( l>ge p]fect cry/als4 ,two drops1 jo9+ aft] incipi5t cry/allisation1 might assume ! n uncommon =m ( int]p5etrat+ tw9 cry/als4 ,_m circum/ances po9t to ! conclusion t ! diamond ( ! *emi/ & ! diamond ( ! m9e are /rangely ak9 z to orig94 ,x is evid5t t ! diamond has n be5 =m$ 9 situ 9 ! blue gr\nd4 ,! g5esis mu/ h tak5 place at va/ dep?s "u enorm\s pressure4 ,! explosion ( l>ge diamonds on com+ to ! surface %[s extreme t5sion4 ,m diamonds are f\nd 9 fragm5ts & spl9t]s ?an 9 p]fect cry/als2 & x is notewor?y t al?\gh ^! spl9t]s & fragm5ts mu/ be d]iv$ f ! break+ up ( a l>ge cry/al1 yet 9 only "o in/ance h pieces be5 f\nd :i* c\ld be fitt$ toge!r1 & ^! occurr$ at diff]5t levels4 ,does n ?is fact po9t to ! conclusion t ! blue gr\nd is n _! true matrix8 ,nature does n make fragm5ts ( cry/als4 ,z ! edges ( ! cry/als are /ill %>p & unabrad$1 ! locus ( =mation _c h be5 v di/ant f ! pres5t sites4 ,!re 7 probably _m sites ( cry/allisation diff]+ 9 place & "t1 or we %\ld n see su* di/9ctive *>act]s 9 ! gems f diff]5t m9es1 nor inde$ 9 ! diamonds f diff]5t p>ts ( ! same m9e4 ,i />t ) ! reasonable supposition t at a suffici5t dep?#i !re 7 masses ( molt5 iron at great pressure & high temp]ature1 hold+ c>bon 9 solution1 ready to cry/allise out on cool+4 ,f> back 9 "t ! cool+ f above caus$ cracks 9 sup]jac5t /rata ?r\gh :i* wat]#aj f\nd its way4 ,on rea*+ ! inc&esc5t iron ! wat] w\ld be conv]t$ into gas1 & ?is gas w\ld rapidly dis9tegrate & erode ! *annels ?r\gh :i* x pass$1 groov+ a passage m & m v]tical 9 ! necessity to f9d ! quicke/ v5t to ! surface4 ,b /eam 9 ! pres5ce ( molt5 or ev5 r$-hot iron lib]ates l>ge volumes ( hydrog5 gas1 toge!r ) less quantities ( hydroc>bons#aa ( all k9ds--liquid1 gase\s1 & solid4 ,erosion comm5c$ by /eam w\ld be cont9u$ by ! o!r gases2 x w\ld be easy = pipes1 l>ge z any f\nd 9 ,s\? ,africa1 to be scor$ out 9 ?is mann]4 ,sir ,&rew ,noble has %[n t :5 ! screw /opp] ( 8 /eel cyl9d]s 9 :i* gunp[d] explodes "u pressure is n absolutely p]fect1 gas escapes ) a ru% s ov]p[]+ & a temp]ature s high z to score a wide *annel 9 ! metal4 ,to illu/rate my argum5t ,sir ,&rew ,noble has be5 k9d en\gh to try a special exp]im5t4 ,?r\gh a cyl9d] ( granite he drill$ a hole #jb in* diamet]1 ! size ( a small v5t4 ,?is 0 made ! /opp] ( an explosion *amb]1 9 :i* a quantity ( cordite 0 fir$1 ! gases escap+ ?r\gh ! granite v5t4 ,! pressure 0 ab\t #aejj atmosph]es & ! :ole "t ( escape 0 less ?an half a second4 ,! erosion produc$ by ! escap+ gases & by ! heat ( friction scor$ out a *annel m ?an half an in* diamet] & melt$ ! granite along ! c\rse4 ,if /eel & granite are ?us vuln]able at comp>atively mod]ate gase\s pressure1 x is easy to imag9e ! de/ructive upbur/ ( hydrog5 & wat]-gas1 groov+ = itself a *annel 9 ! diabase & qu>tzite1 te>+ fragm5ts f resi/+ rocks1 cov]+ ! c\ntry ) debris1 & f9ally1 at ! subsid5ce ( ! great ru%1 fill+ ! self-made pipe ) a wat]-borne magma 9 :i* rocks1 m9]als1 iron oxide1 %ale1 petroleum1 & diamonds are viol5tly *urn$ 9 a v]itable wit*'s cauldron6 ,z ! heat abat$ ! wat] vap\r w\ld gradually give place to hot wat]1 :i*1 =c$ ?r\gh ! magma1 w\ld *ange "s ( ! m9]al fragm5ts into ! exi/+ =ms ( to-day4 ,ea* outbreak w\ld =m a dome-%ap$ hill2 ! erod+ ag5cy ( wat] & ice w\ld plane ^! em95ces until all traces ( ! orig9al pipes 7 lo/4 ,actions su* z ,i h describ$ ne$ n h tak5 place simultane\sly4 ,z !re mu/ h be5 _m molt5 masses ( iron ) v>iable cont5ts ( c>bon1 diff]5t k9ds ( col\r+ matt]1 solidify+ ) v>y+ degrees ( rapidity1 & com+ 9 contact ) wat] at int]vals ?r\gh\t long p]iods ( geological "t--s mu/ !re h be5 _m outbur/s & upheavals1 giv+ rise to pipes conta9+ diamonds4 ,& ^! diamonds1 by sp>s5ess ( di/ribution1 cry/all9e "*1 diff]5ce ( t9t1 purity ( col\r1 v>y+ h>dness1 brittl5ess1 & /ate ( t5sion1 h ! /ory ( _! orig9 impress$ ^u !m1 engrav$ by natural =ces--a /ory :i* future g5]ations ( sci5tific m5 may be able to int]pret ) great] precision ?an is possible to-day4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,meteoric ,,diamonds ,s5sational z is ! /ory ( ! diamond indu/ry 9 ,s\? ,africa1 q ano!r aspect fixes ! att5tion ( ! *emi/4 ,! diamonds come out ( ! m9es1 b h[ did !y get 98 ,h[ 7 !y =m$8 ,:at is _! orig98 ,g>dn] ,williams1 :o kn[s m ab\t diamonds ?an any man liv+1 is little incl9$ to indulge 9 speculation4 ,9 8 fasc9at+ book he frankly says3 8,i h be5 frequ5tly ask$1 #8,:at is y\r !ory ( ! orig9al cry/allisation ( ! diamond8' & ! answ] has always be51 #8,i h none2 = aft] sev5te5 ye>s ( ?\ghtful /udy1 c\pl$ ) practical rese>*1 ,i f9d t x is easi] to 8drive a coa* & f\r0 ?r\gh mo/ !ories t h be5 prop\nd$ ?an to sugge/ "o :i* w\ld be bas$ on any non-assailable data4' ,all t c be said is t 9 "s unkn[n mann] c>bon1 :i* exi/$ deep d[n 9 ! int]nal regions ( ! e>?1 0 *ang$ f its black & un9vit+ appe>ance to ! mo/ beautiful gem :i* ev] saw ! light ( day40 ,ano!r diamond !ory appeals to ! imag9ation4 ,x is said ! diamond is a gift f ,heav51 convey$ to e>? 9 meteoric %[]s4 ,! sugge/ion1 ,i believe1 0 fir/ broa*$ by ,a4 ,meyd5bau]1#ab :o says1 8,! diamond c only be ( cosmic orig91 hav+ fall5 z a meteorite at lat] p]iods ( ! e>?'s =mation4 ,! available localities ( ! diamond conta9 ! residues ( n v compact meteoric masses :i* may1 p]haps1 h fall5 9 prehi/oric ages1 & :i* h p5etrat$ m or less deeply1 accord+ to ! m or less resi/ant "* ( ! surface :]e !y fell4 ,_! rema9s are crumbl+ away on exposure to ! air & sun1 & ! ra9 has long ago wa%$ away all prom95t masses4 ,! enclos$ diamonds h rema9$ scatt]$ 9 ! riv] b$s1 :ile ! f9e light matrix has be5 swept away40 ,accord+ to ?is hypo!sis1 ! s-call$ volcanic pipes are simply holes bor$ 9 ! solid e>? by ! impact ( mon/r\s meteors--! l>g] masses bor+ ! holes1 :ile ! small] masses1 dis9tegrat+ 9 _! fall1 di/ribut$ diamonds broadca/4 ,biz>re z su* a !ory appe>s1 ,i am b\nd to say !re are _m circum/ances :i* %[ t ! notion ( ! heav5s ra9+ diamonds is n impossible4 ,! mo/ /rik+ confirmation ( ! meteoric !ory comes f ,arizona4 ,"h1 on a broad op5 pla91 ov] an area ab\t five miles 9 diamet]1 h be5 scatt]$ "o or two ?\s& masses ( metallic iron1 ! fragm5ts v>y+ 9 weight f half a ton to a fraction ( an ounce4 ,!re is no d\bt ^! masses =m$ "p ( a meteoric %[]1 al?\gh no record exi/s z to :5 ! fall took place4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ne> ! c5tre1 :]e mo/ ( ! meteorites h be5 f\nd1 is a crat] ) rais$ edges ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 diamet] & ab\t #fjj feet deep1 be>+ exactly ! appe>ance :i* w\ld be produc$ _h a mighty mass ( iron /ruck ! gr\nd & buri$ itself deep "u ! surface4 ,altoge!r1 t5 tons ( ?is iron h be5 collect$1 & specim5s ( ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite are 9 mo/ collectors' cab9ets4 ,an ard5t m9]alogi/--! late ,dr4 ,foote--cutt+ a section ( ?is meteorite1 f\nd ! tools 7 injur$ by some?+ va/ly h>d] ?an metallic iron4 ,he exam9$ ! specim5 *emically1 & soon aft] ann\nc$ to ! sci5tific _w t ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite conta9$ black & transp>5t diamonds4 ,?is />tl+ discov]y 0 aft]w>ds v]ifi$ by ,pr(essors ,moissan & ,fri$el1 & ,moissan1 work+ on #ahc kilogrammes ( ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite1 has rec5tly f\nd smoo? black diamonds & transp>5t diamonds 9 ! =m ( octah$ra ) r\nd$ edges1 toge!r ) gre51 hexagonal cry/als ( c>bon silicide4 ,! pres5ce ( c>bon silicide 9 ! meteorite %[s t x mu/ at "s "t h exp]i5c$ ! temp]ature ( ! electric furnace4 ,s9ce ?is revelation ! se>* = diamonds 9 meteorites has occupi$ ! att5tion ( *emi/s all ov] ! _w4 ,fig4 #bc ,a1 ,c1 & ,d1 are reproductions ( photographs ( true diamonds ,i myself h extract$ f ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,diamonds ,,f ,,canyon ,,diablo ,,meteorite4 ,to face p4 #ach4 ,"u atmosph]ic influ5ces ! iron w\ld rapidly oxidise & ru/ away1 col\r+ ! adjac5t soil ) r$ oxide ( iron4 ,! meteoric diamonds w\ld be unaffect$ & left on ! surface ( ! soil1 to be f\nd haphaz>d :5 oxidation _h remov$ ! la/ pro( ( _! cele/ial orig94 ,t !re are /ill lumps ( iron left at ,arizona is m]ely due to ! extreme dryness ( ! climate & ! comp>atively %ort "t t ! iron has be5 on our planet4 ,we are "h witnesses to ! c\rse ( an ev5t :i* may h happ5$ 9 geologic times any:]e on ! e>?'s surface4 ,al?\gh 9 ,arizona diamonds h fall5 f ! skies1 conf\nd+ our s5ses1 ?is desc5t ( preci\s /ones is :at may be call$ a freak ( nature r ?an a normal occurr5ce4 ,to ! mod]n /ud5t ( sci5ce !re is no great diff]5ce betwe5 ! composition ( our e>? & t ( extra-t]re/rial masses4 ,! m9]al p]idot is a con/ant extra-t]re/rial visitor1 pres5t 9 mo/ meteorites4 ,& yet no "o d\bts t p]idot is also a true con/itu5t ( rocks =m$ on ?is e>?4 ,! spectroscope reveals t ! elem5t>y composition ( ! />s & ! e>? are pretty mu* ! same2 & ! spectroscope also %[s t meteorites h z mu* ( e>? z ( heav5 9 _! composition4 ,inde$1 n only are ! selfsame elem5ts pres5t 9 meteorites1 b !y are comb9$ 9 ! same way to =m ! same m9]als z 9 ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,x is c]ta9 f obs]vations ,i h made1 corroborat$ by exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 ! laboratory1 t iron at a high temp]ature & "u great pressure--conditions exi/5t at great dep?s bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?--acts z ! long-s\ght solv5t = c>bon1 & w all[ x to cry/allise out 9 ! =m ( diamond4 ,b x is also c]ta91 f ! evid5ce af=d$ by ! ,arizona & o!r meteorites1 t simil> conditions h exi/$ among bodies 9 space1 & t on m ?an "o occasion a meteorite freight$ ) jewels has fall5 z a /> f ! sky4 ,,index ,able1 ,sir ,f41 clos$ vessel exp]im5ts1 #abb ,absorption spectrum ( diamond1 #aja ,aliwal ,nor?1 #f ,alluvial deposits ( diamonds1 #i ,amygdaloidal trap1 #aj ,arizona meteor1 #acf ,arkansas1 diamonds 91 #b ,a% ( diamond1 #hb1 #hi ,augite1 #bj ,automatic diamond collector1 #ef ,b>ytes1 #ga -- d5sity (1 #ic ,basalt1 #ae ,basutos1 #ab1 #ci ,be*uanas1 #ab1 #ci ,b]yl1 d5sity (1 #ic -- refractive index (1 #ajc ,biotite1 #bj ,black5+ ( diamonds1 #ih ,blue gr\nd1 #aj1 #dg -- -- diamantif]\s1 #ah1 #ai ,bo>t1 #ha1 -- combu/ion temp]ature (1 #ij -- d5sity (1 #ic ,boil+-po9t ( c>bon1 #aaj ,bonney1 ,rev4 ,pr(essor1 #fg ,boyle on ! diamond1 #ajj ,brazil1 diamonds 91 #d ,breakwat]1 ,cape ,t[n1 #cf ,breccia1 diamantif]\s1 #ai ,brilliant cut diamond1 #ajb ,briti% ,association 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #g ,briti% ,guiana1 diamonds 91 #d ,bronzite1 #bj1 #ga -- hydrat$1 #ai ,bultfonte9 ,m9e1 #ad -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamond f1 #fd ,bur/+ ( diamonds1 #aje ,calcite1 #bj1 #ig ,cali=nia1 diamonds 91 #c ,canada balsam1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,canyon ,diablo meteorite1 #acf ,cape ,colony1 #e ,cape ,t[n1 #e ,c>at1 equival5t 9 gra9s1 #fi ,c>bon1 boil+ & melt+ po9t (1 #aaj -- combu/ion temp]ature (1 #ij -- critical po9t (1 #aaj -- d5sity (1 #ic -- dissolv$ 9 iron1 #aaf -- volatilisation (1 #aae ,c>bonado1 #ha -- d5sity (1 #ic ,*>act]i/ics ( diamonds f ! diff]5t m9es1 #fd ,*emical prop]ties ( diamond1 #hi ,*romate ( lead1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,*rome diopside1 #ga -- iron1 #bj -- -- ore1 #ga -- -- -- d5sity (1 #ic ,*romite1 #bj ,classification ( r\gh diamonds1 #gc ,cleavage ( diamonds1 #gh ,coke1 d5sity (1 #ic ,colesb]g ,kopje1 #bf ,collect+ ! gems1 #ee ,col\r$ diamonds1 #fb1 #hb ,combu/ion ( diamond1 #hi -- temp]atures ( diamond1 bo>t1 graphite1 & c>bon1 #ij 8,comet0 cru%]s1 #di ,comp\nd sy/em1 #cf1 #cg ,conc5trat+ & wa%+ ma*9]y1 #di ,convict lab\r]s1 #ga ,cordite1 diamond f explosion (1 #abc ,corundum1 #bj -- d5sity (1 #ic ,cradock1 #f ,crat]s or pipes1 #ah ,cr[n glass1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,cru%]1 8,comet10 #di ,cry/allisation ( diamond1 #hf ,cry/als1 octah$ra1 ( diamond1 #fc1 #hf ,cull9an diamond1 #ae1 #gf1 #hj1 #ajd ,dallas1 ,capta91 #dj ,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 #g1 #cc -- -- floors at ,k5ilwor?1 #dg -- -- ,m9e1 #ad1 #bd1 #cd -- -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fd -- -- /rong-room1 #gd ,delhi diamond1 #ajg ,d5sity ( diamond1 #eg1 #ic -- ( graphite1 #hc1 #ic -- ( /ones accompany+ diamond1 #gj1 #ga1 #ic1 #ie ,deposit+ floors1 #df ,dew>1 ,sir ,j41 conv]sion ( diamond into graphite1 #abc ,diabase1 oliv9e1 #af ,diallage1 #bj ,diamond1 absorption spectrum (1 #aja -- & pol>is$ light1 #ajd -- a new =mation (1 #abb -- a% (1 #hb1 #hi -- collector1 automatic1 #ef -- combu/ion (1 #hi -- -- temp]ature (1 #ij -- conv]t$ into graphite1 #ajj -- d5sity (1 #eg1 #ic -- et*$ by burn+1 #hh -- explosion (1 #abj -- g5esis ( !1 #aae -- 9 meteors1 #acd -- 9 ,rntg5 rays1 #ajg -- matrix (1 #fg -- natural =mation (1 #abg -- ,(fice at ,kimb]ley1 #gc -- physical & *emical prop]ties (1 #hi -- pipes or crat]s1 #ah -- radio-activity (1 #aji -- refractive index (1 #ajc -- ,trade ,act1 #cf -- triangul> m>k+s on1 #hg -- tribo-lum9esc5ce (1 #ajj ,diamonds1 col\r$ or fancy1 #fb1 #hb -- ,maskelyne on1 #a -- notewor?y1 #gf -- phosphoresc5ce (1 #if -- produc$1 weight1 value (1 #ce -- yield (1 f ,de ,be]s1 #fj ,drift1 diamonds f !1 #ab ,duke ( ,tuscany diamond1 #hj ,dut* bo>t1 or zircon1 #ei ,dutoitspan ,m9e1 #ad1 #bc -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fd ,eclogite1 #bj -- conta9+ diamonds1 #fg ,electrons1 bomb>dm5t by1 #ih ,em]ald1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,empress ,eug5ie diamond1 #hj ,en/atite1 #bj ,explosion ( diamonds1 #abj ,excelsior diamond1 #hj ,fancy /ones1 #fb ,f+oes1 #ci ,fl9t glass1 refractive index (1 #ajc 8,float+ ,reef10 #ba ,floors1 deposit+1 #df ,fluor-sp>1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,=mation1 new1 ( diamond1 #abb ,=t ,beau=t1 #f ,frankl9ite1 #ig ,frank ,smi? ,m9e1 #ae -- -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #ff ,fras]burg1 #f ,g>net1 #bj1 #gj -- d5sity (1 #ic ,g5esis ( ! diamond1 #aae 8,gold5 fancies10 #fe ,granite1 #ah -- d5sity (1 #ic ,graphite1 #ha1 #hc -- combu/ion temp]ature (1 #ij -- conv]sion ( diamond into1 #ajj -- d5sity (1 #ic -- diamonds coat$ )1 #ii ,graphitic oxide1 #hc1 #ic ,grease1 collect+ diamonds by aid (1 #eg ,h>d blue gr\nd1 #dg ,h>dness ( diamond1 #ij ,haulage sy/em1 #df ,hexakis-octah$ron cry/al1 #hf ,hope blue diamond1 !1 #hj ,hornbl5de1 #ga -- d5sity (1 #ic ,icel& sp>1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,ice1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,i4,d4,b4 laws 7,illicit ,diamond ,buy+71 #cf ,ilm5ite1 #bj ,india1 diamonds 91 #d ,inv]el diamonds1 #ia ,int]nal /ra9 9 diamonds1 #ajd ,iron a solv5t = c>bon1 #aaf -- ore1 d5sity (1 #ic -- pyrites1 #bj ,jag]sfonte9 diamond1 #gi -- ,m9e1 #ad -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fh ,jeffreysite1 #bj ,kafirs1 #db ,kamf]sdam ,m9e1 #ae -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #ff ,k5ilwor? deposit+ floors1 #dg ,kimb]ley1 #f -- blue gr\nd1 #aj -- m9es1 #ad1 #bc1 #cd -- ,m9e 9 old days1 #be -- -- at ! pres5t day1 #cd -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fc -- %ales1 #ae -- ,we/ ,m9e1 #ae -- -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #ff ,kir/5's automatic diamond collector1 #eg ,klipdam1 #h1 #bc ,k(fyfonte9 ,m9e1 #ad ,koh-i-noor diamond1 #hj -- h>dness (1 #ia ,kyanite1 #bj1 #ga ,lamp1 ultra-violet1 #ig ,leice/] ,m9e1 #ae1 #bc -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fg ,lot]ie d',anglet]re diamond1 #hj ,lu/re ( r\gh diamonds1 #ef ,ma*9]y = wa%+ & conc5trat+1 #di ,macles1 #hf ,magnetite1 #bj1 #ga -- d5sity (1 #ic ,maskelyne on diamonds1 #a ,matabele1 #ab1 #ci ,matrix ( diamond1 #fg ,melaphyre1 #aj1 #af ,melt+-po9t ( c>bon1 #aaj ,meteor1 ,canyon ,diablo1 #acf ,meteoric diamonds1 #acd ,meyd5bau] on meteoric diamonds1 #ace ,mica1 #bj1 #ga -- d5sity (1 #ic ,moissan's exp]im5ts on ! g5esis ( diamond1 #aae ,mud volcano1 #bd ,nassak diamond1 #hj ,natal1 coal 91 #f ,natural =mation ( diamond1 #abg ,newl&s ,m9e1 #ae -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fg ,new ,ru% digg+s1 #bf ,nizam ( ,hyd]abad diamond1 #hj ,noble1 ,sir ,a41 exp]im5ts1 #abb1 #aca ,notewor?y diamonds1 #gf ,octah$ral cry/als ( diamond1 #fc1 #hf ,oliv9e1 #bj -- diabase1 #af ,orange ,riv] ,colony1 coal 91 #f -- -- -- diamonds 91 #ad ,orl(f diamond1 #hj ,pa%a ( ,egypt diamond1 #hj ,pat]son1 ,mr41 description ( ,kimb]ley 9 old days1 #be ,p]idot1 #bj1 #aci ,p]idotite1 #c ,p](skite1 #bj ,phosphoresc5ce ( diamonds1 #if ,phosphorus1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,physical prop]ties ( diamond1 #hi ,pick+ tables1 #ea ,pipes or crat]s1 #ah ,pitt diamond1 #hj ,pol>is$ light & diamond1 #ajd ,pole ,/> diamond1 #hj ,pondos1 #ci1 #db ,premi] ,m9e1 #ae1 #gf ,prodigi\s diamonds1 #gf ,pseudobrookite1 #bj ,pulsator1 #eb ,pyrope1 #gj ,qu>tzite1 #af1 #bj -- d5sity (1 #ic -- refractive index (1 #ajc ,radio-activity ( diamond1 #aji ,radium1 action on diamond1 #ajh 8,reef10 #ba ,refractive indices1 #ajc ,refractivity ( diamond1 #ajb ,reg5t diamond1 #hj ,reun]t1 ,mr41 description ( ,kimb]ley ,m9e1 #cj ,rhodes1 ,cecil ,john1 #cd ,riv] wa%+s1 #g ,rock %afts1 #dc ,rntg5 rays1 diamond 91 #ajg ,ruby1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,rutile1 #bj ,sahlite1 #bj ,sancy diamond1 #hj ,sav+s ( ! native workm51 #da ,scal5oh$ron diamond cry/al1 #hf ,s]p5t9e1 #ai ,%afts1 rock1 #dc ,%ah diamond1 #hj ,%ales1 ,kimb]ley1 #ae ,%anga9s1 #ci ,%ells 9 blue gr\nd1 #ba ,%ot bo>t1 #ha ,silv] & ?allium1 nitrate (1 #id ,sm>agdite1 #bj ,s(t blue gr\nd1 #dg ,sort+ ! diamantif]\s gravel1 #ee ,specific gravity1 see ,d5sity ,spectrum1 absorption ( diamond1 #aja ,sphal]ite1 #ajj ,sp9?>iscope1 #ajh ,sprat's ,hi/ory ( ! ,royal ,society1 #a ,spr\t+ graphite1 #hd ,/> ( ! ,s\? diamond1 #hj ,/ones o!r ?an diamonds1 #gj1 #ga1 #ic1 #ie ,/ra91 int]nal1 9 diamonds1 #ajd ,sulphur1 refractive index (1 #ajc ,swazis1 #ci ,ultra-violet lamp to %[ phosphoresc5ce1 #ig ,und]gr\nd work+s1 #dc ,unit$ ,/ates1 diamonds 91 #b ,vaalite1 #bj ,vaal ,riv]1 #h1 #af ,valuators1 #gc ,value ( diamonds p] c>at1 #ab1 #fi ,value ( diamonds1 progressive increase 91 #fi ,v]miculite1 #bj ,volatilisation ( c>bon1 #aae ,volcanic necks1 #ah ,volcano1 mud1 #bd ,wages1 scale (1 #ce ,wa%+ & conc5trat+ ma*9]y1 #di ,wesselton ,m9e1 #ad1 #ae1 #bc1 #ce -- -- *>act]i/ics ( diamonds f1 #fe ,willemite1 #ig ,wolla/onite1 #bj ,work+s1 und]gr\nd1 #dc ,yell[ gr\nd1 diamantif]\s1 #ai ,yield ( diamonds1 annual1 #fj -- -- -- total1 #ce -- falls (f ) dep?1 #fh -- p] load ( blue gr\nd1 #fb ,zimbabwe ru9s1 #dj ,zircon1 #bj1 #ei1 #ga -- d5sity (1 #ic ,zulus1 #ab1 #ci1 #dj ,w4 ,,br5don ,,& ,,son1 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,plym\? ,,footnotes3 #a ,*emical ,news1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bjh4 #b ,mr4 ,pat]son call$ 8limey /uff0 :at is n[ t]m$ 8blue gr\nd40 ,x 0 also =m]ly call$ 8m>l /uff10 8blue /uff10 & 8blue clay40 #c ,! orig9al "n = ! ,kimb]ley ,m9e4 ,x 0 also sometimes kn[n z 8,colesb]g ,kopje40 #d ,diamonds & ,gold 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,t4 ,reun]t4 ,johannesburg1 #ahic4 #e ,accord+ to ,g>dn] ,williams ! ,s\? ,african c>at is equival5t to #cagd gra9s4 ,9 ,latim] ,cl>k's ,diction>y ( ,metric & o!r ,useful ,measures ! diamond c>at is giv5 z equal to #cafhc gra9s #jbjec gramme #d diamond gra9s2 #a diamond gra9 #jgib troy gra92 #aeae diamond c>ats #a ounce troy4 ,web/]'s ,int]national ,diction>y gives ! diamond c>at z equal to #c troy gra9s4 ,! ,ox=d ,engli% ,diction>y says ! c>at 0 orig9ally #a_/add ( an ounce1 or #c gra9s1 b n[ equal to ab\t #c gra9s1 ?\gh v>y+ slightly ) "t & place4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y says ! diamond c>at is equal to ab\t #c troy gra9s1 & adds t 9 #ahgg ! weight ( ! c>at 0 fix$ by a syndicate ( ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,am/]dam jewell]s at #bje milligrammes4 ,?is w\ld make ! c>at equal to #cafc troy gra9s4 ,a law has be5 pass$ 9 ,france orda9+ t 9 ! pur*ase or sale ( diamonds & o!r preci\s /ones ! t]m 8metric c>at0 %all be employ$ to designate a weight ( #bjj milligrammes 7#cjhf gra9s troy71 & prohibit+ ! use ( ! ^w c>at to designate any o!r weight4 #f ,artificial tribo-lum9esc5t sphal]ite3-- ,z9c c>bonate #ajj p>ts ,fl[] ( sulphur #cj 0 ,manganese sulphate p] c5t4 ,mix ) di/ill$ wat] & dry at a g5tle heat4 ,put 9 lut$ crucible & keep at a bright r$ heat = f two to ?ree h\rs4 #g ,sir ,james ,dew>1 9 a ,friday ev5+ disc\rse at ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 #ahhj1 %[$ an exp]im5t prov+ t ! temp]ature ( ! int]ior ( a c>bon tube heat$ by an outside electric arc 0 high] ?an t ( ! oxy-hydrog5 flame4 ,he plac$ a few small cry/als ( diamond 9 ! c>bon tube1 &1 ma9ta9+ a curr5t ( hydrog5 to prev5t oxidation1 rais$ ! temp]ature ( ! tube 9 an electric furnace to t ( ! arc4 ,9 a few m9utes ! diamond 0 trans=m$ into graphite4 ,at fir/ sight ?is w\ld seem to %[ t diamond _c be =m$ at temp]atures above t ( ! arc4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 = reasons giv5 above1 t at exce$+ly high pressures ! result w\ld be diff]5t4 #h ,! silica 0 9 ! =m ( sph]es1 p]fectly %ap$ & transp>5t1 mo/ly col\rless1 b among !m sev]al ( a ruby col\r4 ,:5 #e p] c5t ( silica 0 add$ to cordite1 ! residue ( ! clos$ vessel explosion conta9$ a mu* l>g] quantity ( ^! sph]es4 #i ,a pressure ( fifte5 tons on ! squ>e in* w\ld exi/ n _m miles b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?4 #aj ,!re are abundant signs t a consid]able portion ( ?is "p ( ,africa 0 once "u wat]1 & a fre%-wat] %ell has be5 f\nd 9 app>5tly undi/urb$ blue gr\nd at ,kimb]ley4 #aa ,! wat] sunk 9 wells close to ! ,kimb]ley m9e is sometimes impregnat$ ) p>aff91 & ,sir ,h4 ,roscoe extract$ a solid hydroc>bon f ! 8blue gr\nd40 #ab ,*emical ,news1 vol4 lxi1 p4 #bji1 #ahij4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$3 = example1 unfrequ5t2 clayey2 friable2 slaty2 imb$2 /op$2 peculation2 situate4 ,9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ! ,index page numb] #8#ade' has be5 replac$ by #8#ada'4 ,9 ! ,index1 #8,colesb]g ,copje' has be5 replac$ by #8,colesb]g ,kopje'1 & #8,de,beers' has be5 replac$ by #8,de ,be]s'4