,illu/ration3 ,m>ia ,montessori ,a ,,montessori ,,"m ,,by ,,doro?y ,,canfield ,,fi%] ,au?or ( 8,! ,squirrel-,cage0 ,,illu/rat$ ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company #aiac ,,copyright1 #aiab1 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,publi%$ ,octob]1 #aiab ,,! ,,qu9n ,,bod5 ,,co4 ,,press ,,rahway1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,p]mission ,,to ,,m>ia ,,montessori ,,preface ,on my return rec5tly f a some:at prolong$ /ay 9 ,rome1 ,i obs]v$ t my family & circle ( fri5ds 7 9 a v diff]5t /ate ( m9d f t usually f\nd by ! home-com+ travel]4 ,i 0 n depress$ by ! usual consci5ti\s ef=t to appe> int]e/$ 9 :at ,i _h se52 n once did ,i enc\nt] ! wav]+ eye & flagg+ att5tion :i* are su* inv>iable accompanim5ts to anecdotes ( ,european travel1 nor ! usual elat$ reb\nd into topics ( local int]e/ aft] a tribute to ! miles ,i _h travel$1 9 "s su* g5]aliz+ phrase ( f9ality z1 8,well1 ,i suppose y enjoy$ ,europe z mu* z ev]40 ,if ,i _h ev] suff]$ f ! en=c$ repression )9 my own s\l ( my v>i\s ,european exp]i5ces ,i 0 m ?an indemnifi$ by ! reception :i* await$ ?is la/ return to my native l&4 ,= ,i f\nd myself set ^u & requir$ to give an acc\nt ( :at ,i _h se51 n only by my family & fri5ds1 b by call]s1 by acqua9tances 9 ! /reets1 by fri5ds ( acqua9tances1 by lett]s f p ,i knew1 & _m f ^? ^: names 7 unfamili>4 ,! que/ions !y all ask$ 7 ( a /rik+ simil>ity1 & ,i grew we>y 9 repeat+ ! same answ]s1 answ]s :i*1 f ! nature ( ! subject1 c\ld be nei!r categorical nor brief4 ,h[ _m ev5+s h ,i talk$ f ! appe>ance ( ! c(fee-cups till a v late b$time1 9 answ] to ! dem&1 8,n[1 y've be5 to ,rome2 y've se5 ! ,montessori s*ools4 ,y saw a great deal ( ,dr4 ,montessori h]self & 7 9 close p]sonal relations ) h]4 ,tell u all ab\t x4 ,is x really s wond]ful8 ,or is x j a fad8 ,is x true t ! *ildr5 are all[$ d exactly z !y please8 ,i %\ld ?9k x w\ld spoil !m beyond endurance4 ,d !y really le>n to read & write s "y8 ,& isn't x v bad = !m to /imulate !m s unnaturally8 ,&44440 ?is 0 a nev]-fail+ cry1 8:at is !re 9 x = our *ildr51 situat$ z we are80 ,/agg]$ by ! am\nt ( explanation necess>y to give ! %orte/ answ]s t w\ld be intelligible to ^! se>*+1 b1 on ! :ole1 q misdirect$ que/ions1 ,i tri$ to put (f my int]rogators ) ! excell5t magaz9e articles :i* h appe>$ on ! subject1 & ) ! translation ( ,dr4 ,montessori's book4 ,!re 7 v>i\s objections to be+ relegat$ to ^! s\rces ( in=mation4 ,"s ( my inquisitors _h be5 too d\btful ( ! value ( ! p]haps ov]-h]ald$ new ideas to take ! tr\ble to read ! book ) ! close & s]i\s att5tion necess>y to make any?+ out ( its c>eful & sci5tific pres5tation ( its !ories4 ,o!rs1 q hone/ly1 9 ! brea?less :irl ( ,am]ican bus9ess1 pr(essional & social life1 7 too busy to read su* a long "w4 ,"s _h read x & em]g$ f x r daz$ by ! te*nical t]ms employ$1 ) ! dim idea t some?+ rem>kable 0 go+ on 9 ,italy ( :i* our public education ought to take advantage1 b )\t ! smalle/ def9ite idea ( a possible *ange 9 _! treatm5t ( _! own y\ng/]s4 ,all _h _m practical que/ions to put1 bas$ on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,am]ican & ,italian life1 que/ions :i*1 by *ance1 _h n be5 answ]$ 9 ! magaz9e articles4 ,i he>d1 moreov]1 9 v>y+ degree1 f all ! diff]5t temp]am5ts1 ! common note ( skepticism ab\t ! results obta9$4 ,ev]yone hung on my fir/-h& te/imony z an imp>tial eye-witness4 8,y are a p>5t l u4 ,w x really "w80 !y inquir$ ) su* p]si/5t unanimity t ! exi/5ce ( a /ill unsatisfi$ crav+ = in=mation seem$ unque/ionable4 ,if s _m p 9 my small p]sonal circle1 diff]+ 9 no way f any ord9>y gr\p ( educat$ ,am]icans1 7 s actively1 almo/ aggressively int]e/$ 9 he>+ my p]sonal acc\nt ( ! actual work+ ( ! new sy/em1 x seem$ highly probable t o!r p's p]sonal circles w\ld be int]e/$4 ,! inevitable result ( ?is reason+ has be5 ! composition ( ?is small volume1 :i* c claim = p>tial expiation ( its exi/5ce t x has no great pret5sions to any?+ b timel9ess4 ,i h put into x1 n only an exposition1 z practical z ,i c make x1 ( ! te*nic ( ! me?od z f> z x lies )9 ! p[]s ( any "o ( u fa!rs & mo!rs to apply x1 b 9 addition ,i h set d[n all ! new ideas1 hopes1 & visions :i* h sprung up 9 my m9d z a result ( my close contact ) ! new sy/em & ) ! g5ius :o is its f\nd]4 ,= ideas1 hopes1 & visions are z important elem5ts 9 a compreh5sion ( ?is new philosophy z an accurate k ( ! use ( ! 8geometric insets10 & my talks ) ,dr4 ,montessori lead me to ?9k t %e feels !m to be mu* m ess5tial4 ,contact ) ! new ideas is n do+ = u :at x ought1 if x does n act z a p[]ful /imulant to ! :ole body ( our ?\ght ab\t life4 ,x %\ld make u ?9k1 & ?9k h>d1 n only ab\t h[ to tea* our *ildr5 ! alphabet m easily1 b ab\t su* fundam5tal matt]s z :at we actually mean by moral life2 :e!r we really hone/ly wi% ! spiritually be/ = our *ildr51 or only ! mat]ially be/2 :y we are really 9 ! _w at all4 ,9 _m ways1 ?is 8,montessori ,sy/em0 is a new religion :i* we are call$ ^u to help br+ into ! _w1 & we _c aid 9 s great an und]tak+ )\t consid]able spiritual z well z intellectual travail4 ,! only way = u to improve our *ildr5's lives by ! application ( ^! new ideas is by m$itat+ on !m until we h absorb$ _! v ess5ce & !n by mak+ :at v>y+ applications ( !m are necess>y 9 ! diff]+ condition ( our lives4 ,i h set d[n1 )\t apology1 my own ,am]icaniz$ m$itations on ,dr4 ,montessori's ,italian text1 simply because ,i *ance to be "o ( ! fir/ ,am]ican mo!rs to come into close contact ) h] & h] "w1 & z su* may be ( value to my fell[s4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 hone/ly label$ & pigeon-hol$ ^! m$itations on ! g5]al philosophy ( ! sy/em1 & set !m 9 sep>ate *apt]s s t x %\ld n be difficult = ! mo/ casual read] to select :at he wi%es to read1 )\t be+ =c$ into social1 philosophical1 or e?ical consid]ations4 ,i confess t ,i %all be greatly disappo9t$ if he takes too exclusive advantage ( ?is opportunity1 = ,i q agree ) ! ,italian f\nd] ( ! sy/em t its philosophical & e?ical elem5ts are ^? :i* h 9 !m mo/ promise = a new future = u all4 ,f9ally1 9 spite ( all my excuses = ! und]tak+1 ,i seem to myself1 n[ t ,i am fairly emb>k$ ^u x1 v presumptu\s 9 speak+ at all ^u su* high & grave matt]s1 fit only = ! sure & enlight5$ h&l+ ( ! speciali/4 ,b ?is is a subject diff]+ f biology1 physiological psy*ology1 & philosophy 7al?\gh ! f\ndations ( ! sy/em are laid deep 9 ^? sci5ces71 inasmu* z its usefulness to ! race dep5ds ^u its compreh5sion by ! greate/ possible numb] ( ord9>y human be+s4 ,i he>t5 myself by rememb]+ t if x is n to rema9 an int]e/+ & futile !ory1 x mu/ be1 9 its broad outl9es at lea/1 und]/ood & practis$ by j su* p z ,i am4 ,we mu/ all collaborate4 ,& "h is ! place to say t ,i consid] ?is book a v t5tative p]=mance2 & t ,i w be v grateful = sugge/ions f any ( my read]s :i* w help to make a second edition m useful & complete4 ,?is volume ( impressions1 !re=e1 lays no claim to erudition4 ,x is n writt5 by a biologi/ = o!r biologi/s1 by a philosoph] = an audi5ce ( college pr(essors1 or by a pr(essional p$agogue to enlight5 s*ool-sup]9t5d5ts4 ,an ord9>y ,am]ican p>5t1 desir+ above all else ! be/ possible *ance = h] *ildr51 addresses ?is message to ! innum]able legion ( h] companions 9 t desire4 ,grateful ackn[l$gm5t is made to ,miss ,m4 ,i4 ,bat*eld] & ,miss ,m>y ,g4 ,gillmore1 bo? ( ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 = helpful sugge/ions2 to ,miss ,anne ,e4 ,george1 :o also read ! manuscript2 to ,dr4 ,m>ia ,montessori's book 8,! ,montessori ,me?od0 7,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 ,new ,york72 & to ! ,h\se ( ,*ildhood1 ,inc41 #bjj ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 = ! use ( illu/rations4 ,dr4 ,montessori's didactic app>atus is manufactur$ & di/ribut$ by ! ,h\se ( ,*ildhood1 ,inc4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,,preface v ,i4 ,,"s ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,ab\t ,,p>5ts #a ,,ii4 ,a ,,day ,,9 ,a ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i #g ,,iii4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,:at ,,happ5s ,,9 ,a ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i #bi ,,iv4 ,,some?+ ,,ab\t ,,! ,,app>atus ,,& ,,ab\t ,,! ,,!ory ,,und]ly+ ,,x #dh ,v4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,re/ ,,( ,,! ,,app>atus ,,& ,,! ,,me?od ,,= ,,writ+ ,,& ,,read+ #fg ,,vi4 ,,"s ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,ab\t ,,! ,,montessori ,,app>atus ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,home #ia ,,vii4 ,,! ,,possibility ,,( ,,am]ican ,,adaptations ,,(1 ,,or ,,additions ,,to1 ,,! ,,montessori ,,app>atus #aje ,,viii4 ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em #aag ,,ix4 ,,application ,,( ,,?is ,,philosophy ,,to ,,am]ican ,,home ,,life #abg ,x4 ,,"s ,,consid]ations ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( 8,,discipl9e0 #ada ,,xi4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,discipl9e1 ,,) ,,special ,,reg>d ,,to ,,ob$i5ce #aec ,,xii4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,a ,,univ]sal ,,adoption ,,( ,,! ,,montessori ,,ideas #afe ,,xiii4 ,,is ,,!re ,,any ,,real ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,montessori ,,sy/em ,,& ,,! ,,k9d]g>t58 #aga ,,xiv4 ,,moral ,,tra9+ #aie ,,xv4 ,,dr4 ,,montessori',s ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i #baj ,,xvi4 ,,"s ,,la/ ,,rem>ks #bcb ,,index #bci ,,illu/rations ,m>ia ,montessori ,frontispiece ,! s*oolroom 9 ! conv5t ( ! ,franciscan nuns 9 ! ,via ,giu/i page #h ,! meal h\r 8 #bb ,! morn+ clean-up 8 #bf ,wait] c>ry+ s\p 8 #bf ,ex]cises 9 practical life 8 #ef ,build+ 8! ,t[]0 8 #ef ,button+-frames to develop co-ord9at$ movem5ts ( ! f+]s & prep>e ! *ildr5 = ex]cises ( practical life 8 #fh ,solid geometrical insets 8 #gj ,! broad /air 8 #gd ,! long /air 8 #gd ,insets :i* ! *ild le>ns to place bo? by sight & t\* 8 #gh ,trac+ s&pap] lett]s 8 #hf ,trac+ geometrical design 8 #hf ,tra9+ ! 8/]eogno/ic s5se0--comb9+ motor & tactual images 8 #ajj ,color boxes compris+ spools ( eight colors & eight %ades ( ea* color 8 #aaf ,mat]ials = tea*+ r\gh & smoo? 8 #ach ,c\nt+ boxes 8 #afb ,insets ar\nd :i* ! *ild draws1 & !n fills 9 ! outl9e ) color$ crayons 8 #ahh ,^w build+ ) cut-out alphabet 8 #bbd ,a ,,montessori ,,"m ,,*apt] ,i ,,"s ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,ab\t ,,p>5ts ,an obs]vation (t5 made by philosophic obs]v]s ( our social organization is t ! trem5d\s importance ( prim>y tea*]s is ridicul\sly und]e/imat$4 ,! success or failure ( ! tea*]s ( little *ildr5 may n p]haps det]m9e ! am\nt ( in=mation acquir$ lat] 9 its educative c>e] by ea* g5]ation1 b no "o c d5y t x det]m9es to a consid]able ext5t ! "* ( ! next g5]ation1 & "* det]m9es practically ev]y?+ wor? consid]+ 9 ! _w ( m54 ,yet ! m9d ( ! av]age community admits ?is b halt+ly4 ,! tea*]s ( small *ildr5 are paid m ?an !y 71 b /ill f> less ?an ! importance ( _! "w des]ves1 & !y are /ill reg>d$ by ! un5light5$ majority z insignificant comp>$ to ^? :o imp>t in=mation to old] *ildr5 & adolesc5ts1 a class ( pupils :i*1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 is va/ly m able to protect its own individuality f ! "* ( ! tea*]4 ,b is !re a ?\ghtful p>5t liv+ :o has n quail$ at ! haphaz>d way 9 :i* ,fate has pit*=k$ him into a pr(ession greatly m important & enorm\sly m difficult8 ,= x is n q fair to u to say t we *ose ! pr(ession ( p>5t ) our eyes op5 :5 we repeat$ ! words ( ! m>riage s]vice4 ,x _c be d5i$ t e pair ( fiancs "k t probably !y w h *ildr51 b ?is k has ab\t ! same degree ( fir/-h& vividness 9 _! m9ds t ! k ( ultimate c]ta9 dea? has 9 ! m9d ( ! av]age heal?y "y p]son3 !re is z little consci\s prep>ation = ! com+ ev5t 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r4 ,no1 we h "s "r on our side1 "u ! prevail+ conditions ( education ab\t ! facts ( life1 9 claim+ t we are toss$ headlong by a =ce /rong] ?an ourselves into a pr(ession & a t]rify+ responsibility :i* _m ( u w\ld nev] h _h ! presumption to und]take 9 cold blood4 ,we might conceivably h und]tak5 to build railway bridges1 ev5 ?\gh ! lives ( multitudes dep5d$ on !m2 we might h become lawy]s & settl$ p's mat]ial affairs = !m or ev51 z doctors1 settl$ ! matt] ( _! physical life or dea?2 b to be responsible to ,god1 to society1 & to ! s\l 9 "q = ! heal?1 happ9ess1 moral gr[?1 & usefulness ( a human s\l1 :at reflective p>5t among ! :ole army ( u has n _h mom5ts ( he>tsick t]ror at ! realization ( :at he has be5 set to d8 ,i say 8mom5ts0 advis$ly1 = x mu/ be admitt$ t mo/ ( u manage to =get pretty cont9ually ! al>m+ possibilities ( our situation4 ,9 ?is we are imitat+ ! curi\s actual indiff]5ce to p]il :i*1 f "t immemorial1 has be5 obs]v$ among ^? :o are expos$ to any dang] :i* is v long cont9u$4 ,! incapacity ( human nature to feel any /rong emotion = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 ev5 "o connect$ ) ! suppos$ly sacrosanct in/9ct = self-pres]vation1 is to be obs]v$ 9 ! well-worn examples ( p liv+ on ! sides ( volcanoes1 & ( work]s among ma*9]y1 :o w n take ! mo/ elem5t>y precautions aga9/ accid5ts if ! precautions consume mu* "t or ?\ght4 ,consequ5tly x is n surpris+ t1 z a :ole1 p>5ts are n only n /rick5 to ! e>? by ! responsibilities ( _! situation1 b z a class are s+ul>ly bl9d to _! duties1 & oddly difficult to move to any s]i\s1 cont9u$ consid]ation ( ! task be=e !m4 ,?is attitude be>s a close relation to ! axiom :i* has only to be /at$ to w9 in/ant recognition f any self-analyz+ human be+1 8,we w\ld r lie d[n & die ?an ?9k60 ,we _c1 z a rule1 be =c$ to ?9k really1 s]i\sly1 connect$ly1 logically ab\t ! =m ( our gov]nm5t1 ab\t our social organization1 ab\t h[ we sp5d our lives1 ev5 ab\t ! sort ( clo!s we we> or ! food we eat1--que/ions affect+ our com=t s cruelly t !y w\ld make u reflect if any?+ c\ld4 ,b we ourselves are ! only ones to suff] f our refusal to use our m9ds fully & freely on su* subjects4 ,x is intol]able t our call\s indiff]5ce & incurable triviality %\ld wreak !mselves ^u ! helpless *ildr5 committ$ to our c>e4 ,! lea/ we c d1 if we w n d our own ?9k+1 is to accept1 ) all gratitude1 ! ?9k+ t someone else has done = u4 ,= !re is "o loop-hole ( escape 9 our mod]n _w f ?is self-imprisonm5t 9 %iftless ways ( m5tal life1 & t is ! creation & wide diffusion ( ! sci5tific _s4 ,!re is app>5tly 9 human nature1 along ) ?is inv9cible repugnance to use reason on matt]s closely connect$ ) our daily life1 a consid]able pleasure 9 ratioc9ation if x is ex]cis$ on subjects suffici5tly remov$ f our p]sonal sph]e4 ,! man :o w eat hot m9ce-pie & r>ebit at two 9 ! morn+ & cry out ^u ! ,fates z responsible = ! inevitable sequ5ce ( suff]+1 may be1 (t5 is1 9 8 *emical laboratory1 or 8 surgical practice1 or 8 biological rese>*1 an inve/igator ( ! /ricte/ integrity ( reason+4 ,reflection on ?is curi\s trait ( human nature may br+ "s re/oration ( self-respect to p>5ts 9 ! face ( ! app>5tly a/\nd+ fact t mo/ ( ! great educators h be5 by no means p>5ts ( l>ge families1 & a l>ge proportion ( !m h be5 *ildless4 ,?is b foll[s ! usual ecc5tric r\te tak5 by discov]ies lead+ to ! amelioration ( conditions surr\nd+ man4 ,x 0 n an inhabitant ( a mal>ial di/rict1 driv5 to desp]ation by ! /ate ( ?+s1 :o discov]$ ! crime ( ! mosquito4 ,t discov]y 0 made by m5 work+ 9 laboratories n 9 ! lea/ incommod$ by mal>ia4 ,hundr$s ( g5]ations ( devot$ mo!rs1 ready & will+ to give ! la/ drop ( _! blood = _! *ildr5's welf>e1 nev] discov]$ t unscald$ milk-bottles are l prussic acid to babies4 ,*ildless work]s 9 :ite laboratory aprons1 /&+ ov] te/-tubes1 h revolutioniz$ ! physical hygi5e ( infancy & br\ght d[n ! dea?-rate ( babies beyond any?+ ev] dream$ ( by our p>5ts4 ,b let x be rememb]$ z com=t1 exhortation1 & w>n+ to u t ! greate/ army ( laboratory work]s ev] f9anc$ by a tw5tie?-c5tury millionaire1 w\ld h be5 ( no avail if ! p>5ts ( ! babies ( ! _w _h n tak5 to scald+ ! milk-bottles4 ,let u insi/ ^u ! recognition ( our m]it1 su* z x is4 ,we w n1 app>5tly we _c1 d ! h>d1 consecutive1 logical1 inve/igat+ ?9k+ :i* is ! only ?+ necess>y 9 _m cases to bett] ! conditions ( our daily life2 b we are n entirely imp]vi\s to reason1 inasmu* z ! _w has se5 u 9 ?is in/ance foll[+1 ) ! mo/ praisewor?y docility1 ! tea*+s ( ^? :o h ?\ght = u4 ,! milk-bottles 9 by f> ! majority ( ,am]ican homes are really be+ scald$ to-day2 & 8*ol]a morbus10 8second summ]s10 8tee?+ fev]s10 & ! l are becom+ z out-(-date z 8fev] 'n' ague10 8gallop+ consumption10 & ! l4 ,! less5$ dea?-rate among babies is n only ! mo/ he>t5+ spectacle = lov]s ( babies1 b = hop]s & believ]s 9 ! g5]al advancem5t ( ! race4 ,?is miracul\s revolution 9 ! c>e ( infants "u a ye> ( age has tak5 place 9 less ?an a human g5]ation4 ,! gr&p>5ts ( our *ildr5 are /ill ) u to pooh-pooh our /]iliz+s1 & to look on ) bewild]m5t :ile we treat our babies z intellig5tly z /ock-bre$]s treat _! animals4 ,let u take he>t ( grace4 ,if sci5tific me?ods ( physical hygi5e 9 ! c>e ( *ildr5 c be ?us quickly inculcat$1 x is c]ta9ly wor? :ile to /orm ! age-old r$\bts %elt]+ ! no less ho>y abuses ( _! intellectual & spiritual treatm5t4 ,a sci5ti/ ( ano!r race1 tak+ advantage ( ! works ( all ! o!r inve/igators along ! same l9e 7works :i* no?+ c\ld h induc$ u to /udy71 labor+ 9 a laboratory ( h] own inv5tion1 has be5 do+ our h>d1 consecutive1 logical1 inve/igat+ ?9k+ = u4 ,let u h ! grace to take advantage ( h] discov]ies1 _m ( :i* h be5 /umbl$ ^u f "t to "t 9 a haphaz>d1 un=mulat$ way by ! in/9ctive wisdom ( exp]i5ce1 b ! syn!sis ( :i* into a coh]5t1 usable sy/em1 ) a consi/5t philosophical f\ndation1 has be5 left to a *ildless sci5tific inve/igator4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,a ,,day ,,9 ,a ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i ,i _h n se5 a ,montessori s*ool :5 ,i fir/ read ?r\gh ,dr4 ,montessori's book4 ,i laid x d[n ) ! m5tal comm5ts1 8,all v well to write ab\t6 ,b1 ( c\rse1 x c't "w any?+ l t 9 actual practice4 ,ev]yone kn[s t a *ild's p>ty ( only five or six *ildr5 ( t age 7f two & a half to six7 is seldom c>ri$ ?r\gh )\t "s sort ( qu>rel1 ev5 ?\gh an equal numb] ( mo!rs are pres5t1 devot+ !mselves to giv+ ! tots exactly :atev] !y want4 ,x /&s to reason t tw5ty or ?irty *ildr5 ( t t5d] age1 %ut up toge!r all day long & day aft] day1 mu/1 if !y are normal *ildr51 h a great _m heal?y normal battles ) ea* o!r60 ,aft] putt+ myself 9 a dispassionate & judicial frame ( m9d by lay+ d[n ^! fix$ preconceptions1 ,i w5t to visit ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 9 ! ,franciscan ,nunn]y on ! ,via ,giu/i4 ,i half turn away 9 anticipatory disc\ragem5t f ! task ( attempt+1 = ! b5efit ( ,am]ican read]s1 any description ( :at ,i saw !re4 ,!y w n believe x4 ,i "k !y w n1 because ,i myself1 be=e ,i saw x ) my own eyes1 w\ld h disc\nt$ l>gely ! mo/ mod]ate /atem5ts on ! subject4 ,b ev5 ?\gh /ay-at-home p 9 o!r c5turies may h salt$ lib]ally ! tall /ories ( old-"t travel]s1 !y c]ta9ly _h a ta/e = he>+ !m2 & s possibly my pla9 acc\nt ( :at ,i saw t day may be read1 ev5 ?\gh x be to ! accompanim5t ( incr$ul\s exclamations4 ,my fir/ glimpse 0 ( a ga!r+ ( ab\t tw5ty-five *ildr51 s "y t sev]al ( !m look$ l real babies to me4 ,i f\nd aft]w>ds t ! y\nge/ 0 j "u ?ree1 & ! olde/ j ov] six4 ,!y 7 scatt]$ ab\t ov] a l>ge1 high-ceil+$1 airy room1 furni%$ ) t9y1 lightly-fram$ tables & *airs :i*1 h[ev]1 by no means fill$ ! floor4 ,!re 7 big tracts ( op5 space1 :]e "s ( ! *ildr5 knelt or sat on light rugs4 ,"o 0 ly+ d[n on 8 back1 kick+ 8 feet 9 ! air4 ,a l[1 *e]ful hum ( conv]sation fill$ ! air4 ,z my companion & ,i came into ! room ,i notic$ fir/ t !re 0 n t /iff5+ into self-consci\sness :i* is ! inevitable concomitant ( 8visitors0 9 our own s*oolrooms4 ,mo/ ( ! *ildr51 absorb$ 9 v>i\s que]-look+ tasks1 did n ev5 glance up z we ent]$4 ,o!rs1 app>5tly re/+ 9 ! int]vals betwe5 games1 look$ ov] across ! room at u1 smil$ welcom+ly z ,i w\ld at a visitor ent]+ my h\se1 & a little gr\p ne> u ran up ) out/ret*$ h&s1 say+ ) a pleasant acc5t ( good-bre$+1 8,good-morn+6 ,good-morn+60 ,!y !n in/antly w5t (f ab\t _! own affairs1 :i* 7 evid5tly ( absorb+ int]e/1 = aft] t1 except = an occasional fri5dly look or smile1 or a mom5t>y halt by my side to %[ me some?+1 none ( ! little s*ol>s paid ! lea/ att5tion to me4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,conv5t ,,( ,,! ,,franciscan ,,nuns ,,9 ,,! ,,via ,,giu/i4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,n[ ,i myself1 l all ! ,am]ican matrons ( my circle ( acqua9tances1 am labor+ consci5ti\sly to tea* my *ildr5 8good mann]s10 b ,i decid$1 on ! in/ant1 no?+ w\ld induce me to collect tw5ty *ildr5 ( our t[n & h a ,montessori tea*] ent] ! room to be greet$ by !m4 ,! contra/ w\ld be too pa9ful4 ,^! 7 mo/ly *ildr5 ( v poor1 ignorant1 & utt]ly untra9$ p>5ts1 & ours are *ildr5 ( p :o flatt] !mselves t !y are ! opposite ( all t2 b ,i %udd]$ to ?9k ( ! long sil5t1 disc\rte\s />e :i* is ! only recognition ( ! pres5ce ( a visitor 9 our s*ools4 ,& yet ,i felt at once t ,i 0 atta*+ too mu* importance to a detail1 ! m]e/ trifle1 ! slighte/1 mo/ sup]ficial indication ( ! life b5ea?4 ,we ,anglo-,saxons notice too acutely1 ,i ?\ght1 ^! surface diff]5ces ( mann]4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i 0 =c$ to consid] t ,i knew f bitt] exp]i5ce t *ildr5 ( t age are /ill ne> en\gh babyhood to be absolutely primeval 9 _! s9c]ity1 & t x is practically impossible to make !m1 ) any c]ta9ty ( ! result1 g ?r\gh a =m ( c\rtesy :i* !y d n feel g5u9ely4 ,also ,i obs]v$ t no "o _h pu%$ ! *ildr5 t[>ds u1 z ,i pu% m9e1 t[>d a *ance visitor1 ) ! comm& accompani$ by an inw>d pray] = ob$i5ce1 8,g & %ake h&s ) ,mrs4 ,blank40 ,9 fact1 ,i notic$ x = ! fir/ "t1 !re seem$ no "o !re to pu% ! *ildr5 or to refra9 f do+ x4 ,t collection ( little tots1 mo/ ( !m too busy ov] _! my/]i\s occupations ev5 to talk1 seem$1 z f> z a casual glance ov] ! room w5t1 entirely )\t sup]vision4 ,f9ally1 f a corn]1 :]e %e _h be5 sitt+ 7on ! floor app>5tly7 beside a *ild1 !re rose up a pla9ly-dress$ woman1 ! expression ( ^: quiet face made almo/ z great an impression on me z ! *ildr5's greet+s _h4 ,i _h always jo9$ ) he>tfelt sympa?y 9 ! old cry ( 8,heav5 help ! poor tea*]s60 & 9 our t[n1 :]e we all "k & l ! tea*]s p]sonally1 _! exhau/$ condition ( almo/ utt] n]v\s collapse by ! end ( ! tea*+ ye> is a pa9ful elem5t 9 our community life4 ,b ,i felt no impulse to sympa?ize ) ?is woman ) untr\bl$ eyes :o1 p]ceiv+ u = ! fir/ "t1 came ov] to %ake h&s ) u4 ,in/ead1 ,i felt a curi\s pang ( envy1 su* z once or twice 9 my s5tim5tal & /ormy girlhood ,i felt at ! sight ( ! peaceful face ( a nun4 ,i am n[ q pa/ ! possibility ( envy+ ! life ( a nun1 b ,i mu/ admit t x sudd5ly occurr$ to me1 z ,i look$ at t quiet1 smil+ ,italian woman1 t someh[ my own life1 = all its full happ9ess1 mu/ lack "s elem5t ( ord]l9ess1 ( discipl9e1 ( spiritual economy :i* alone c\ld h put t look ( calm c]ta9ty on h] face4 ,x 0 n ! passive1 *angeless peace t "o sees 9 ! eyes ( "s nuns1 b a sort ( ri*1 full-blood$ confid5ce 9 life4 ,%e l+]$ beside u "s mom5ts1 *att+ ) my companion1 :o 0 an old fri5d ( h]s1 & :o introduc$ h] z ,signor9a ,ball]9i4 ,i notic$ t %e happ5$ to /& all ! "t ) h] back to ! *ildr51 feel+ app>5tly none ( t lion-tam]'s in/9ct to keep an hypnotic eye on ! little animals :i* is s m>k$ 9 our in/ructors4 ,i c rememb] di/9ctly t !re 0 = u s*ool-*ildr5 actually a diff]5t feel to ! air & a /range look on ! famili> s*ool-furniture dur+ ^? infrequ5t int]vals :5 ! tea*] 0 call$ = an in/ant f ! room & left u1 z 9 a sudd5ly r>efi$ atmosph]e1 giddy ) ! removal ( ! pressure ( h] eye2 b :5 ?is tea*] turn$ ab\t casually to face ! room aga91 ^! *ildr5 did n seem to notice ei!r t %e _h /opp$ look+ at !m or t %e 0 n[ do+ x aga94 ,we us$ to "k1 z by a six? s5se1 exactly :]e1 at any mom5t1 ! tea*] 01 & a sudd5 movem5t on h] "p w\ld h made u all />t z viol5tly & z in/9ctively z little *icks at ! sudd5 %ad[ ( a hawk 444 & ?is1 al?\gh we 7 (t5 v fond inde$ ( our tea*]s4 ,rememb]+ ?is1 ,i notic$ ) surprise t (t51 :5 "o ( ^! little ones lift$ 8 face f 8 "w to ask ! tea*] a "q1 he _h be5 s unconsci\s ( h] pres5ce dur+ 8 conc5tration on 8 ent]prise t he did n "k 9 ! lea/ :]e to look1 & s5t 8 eag] eyes rov+ ov] ! big room 9 a se>* = h]1 :i* end$ 9 su* a sudd5 fla% ( joy at discov]+ h] t ,i felt aga9 a pang ( envy = ?is woman :o _h s _m m lov+ *ildr5 ?an ,i h4 ,:at c\ld be ^! 8games0 :i* s absorb$ ^! *ildr51 f> too "y = any possibility ( pret5se on _! "p8 ,mov+ ) ! unhamp]$1 unobs]v$ ease :i* is ! rule 9 a ,montessori s*oolroom1 ,i began walk+ ab\t1 look+ m closely at :at ! *ildr5 7 hold+1 & ,i c\ld h laugh$ at ! simplicity ( _m ( ! means :i* accompli%$ ! app>5t miracle ( self-impos$ ord] & discipl9e be=e me 444 if ,i _h n be5 ready to cry at my own /upidity = n ?9k+ ( !m myself4 ,"o little boy ab\t ?ree & a half ye>s old _h be5 int5t on "s op]ation ev] s9ce we _h ent]$ ! room1 & ev5 n[ z ,i drew ne> 8 little table & *air1 he only glanc$ up = an in/ant's smile )\t /opp+ ! action ( 8 f+]s4 ,i lean$ ov] him1 hop+ t ! device :i* s held 8 att5tion 0 n too complicat$ = my inexp]i5c$1 unp$agogical m9d to take 94 ,he 0 hold+ a light wood5 frame ab\t eighte5 in*es squ>e1 on :i* 7 /ret*$ two pieces ( cotton clo?1 meet+ d[n ! middle l ! jo9+ ( a g>m5t4 ,on "o ( ^! edges 0 a r[ ( buttonholes & on ! o!r a r[ ( l>ge bone buttons4 ,! *ild 0 absorb$ 9 button+ & unbutton+ ^? two pieces ( clo?4 ,he 0 new at ! game1 t 0 to be se5 by ! clumsy1 misdirect$ motions ( 8 baby f+]s1 b ! process ( 8 improvem5t 0 s app>5t z1 8 eyes %9+ ) int]e/1 he button$ & unbutton$ /eadily1 sl[ly1 )\t an in/ant's int]ruption1 t ,i wat*$ him1 almo/ z fasc9at$ z he4 ,a *ild ne> u1 app>5tly play+ ) blocks1 upset !m ) a l\d noise1 b my button+ boy1 wrapp$ 9 8 magic cloak ( conc5tration1 did n s mu* z raise 8 eyes4 ,i myself c\ld n look away1 & z ,i gaz$ ,i ?\ght ( ! _m times a little *ild ( m9e _h tri$ to le>n ! secret ( ! innum]able fa/5+s :i* hold h] clo!s toge!r & h[ ,i1 ) ! k9de/ impulse 9 ! _w1 _h /opp$ h] fumbl+ little f+]s say+1 8,no1 de>1 ,"m c d t s mu* bett]4 ,let ,"m d x40 ,x occurr$ to me n[ t ! situation 0 v mu* z if1 9 ! mid/ ( a fasc9at+ game ( billi>ds1 a pr(essional play] _h snat*$ ! cue f my husb&'s h&s1 say+1 8,y j /& & wat* me d ?is4 ,i c d x mu* bett] ?an y40 ,! *ild be=e me /opp$ 8 "w a mom5t & look$ d[n at 8 little cotton wai/4 ,!re 0 a r[ ( buttons !re1 small] b ( ! same family z ^? on ! frame4 ,z he gaz$ d[n1 absorb$1 at !m1 ,i c\ld see a great idea dawn 9 8 face4 ,i lean$ =w>d4 ,he attack$ ! middle button1 us+ ) />tl+ exactitude ( imitation ! same motion he _h le>n$ on 8 frame4 ,b ?is button 0 n s l>ge or s well plac$4 ,he _h to b5d 8 head ov]1 8 f+]s 7 cramp$1 he made sev]al movem5ts backw>d4 ,b !n sudd5ly ! fir/ half ( 8 und]tak+ 0 accompli%$4 ,! button 0 on "o side1 ! buttonhole on ! o!r4 ,i held my brea?4 ,he set to "w aga94 ,! clo? slipp$ f 8 boneless little f+]s1 ! button twi/$ itself awry1 ,i fairly a*$ ) ! idiotic habit ( ye>s ( int]f]5ce to snat* x & d x = him4 ,& !n ,i saw t he 0 sl[ly =c+ x into place4 ,:5 ! bone disk f9ally %one out1 r\nd & :ole1 on ! f> side ( ! buttonhole1 ! *ild drew a long brea? & look$ up at me ) s ec/atic a face ( triumph t ,i c\ld h %\t$1 8,hurrah60 ,!n1 )\t pay+ any m att5tion to me1 he rose1 saunt]$ ov] to a corn] ( ! room :]e a ?ick piece ( felt cov]$ ! floor1 & lay d[n on 8 back1 8 h&s clasp$ "u 8 head1 gaz+ ) tranquil1 reposeful vacuity at ! ceil+4 ,he 0 re/+ himself aft] accompli%+ a great /ep =w>d4 ,i did n fail to notice t1 except = my entirely =tuit\s obs]vation ( 8 p]=mance1 nobody _h se5 8 absorption any m ?an !y n[ saw 8 app>5t idl5ess4 ,i tuck$ all ^! obs]vations away 9 a corn] ( my m9d = future reflection1 & mov$ on to ! ne>e/ *ild1 a little girl1 p]haps a ye> old] ?an ! boy1 :o 0 absorb$ z eag]ly z he ov] a simil> light wood5 frame1 cov]$ ) two pieces ( clo?4 ,b ^! 7 fa/5$ toge!r ) pieces ( ribbon :i* ! *ild 0 ty+ & unty+4 ,!re 0 no fumbl+ "h4 ,z rapidly1 z deftly1 ) z c>eless a light-he>t$ ease z a piani/ runn+ ov] 8 scales1 %e 0 mak+ a s]ies ( ! flatte/1 mo/ regul> b[-knots1 mu* bett]1 ,i knew 9 my he>t1 ?an ,i c\ld accompli% at any?+ l t spe$4 ,al?\gh %e _h advanc$ beyond ! /age ( int5t /ruggle ) h] mat]ial1 h] int]e/ & pleasure 9 h] own skill 0 manife/4 ,%e look$ up at me1 & !n smil$ pr\dly d[n at h] fly+ f+]s4 ,beyond h] ano!r little boy1 ) a lea!r-cov]$ frame1 0 labori\sly ins]t+ %oe-buttons into _! buttonholes ) ! aid ( an ord9>y button-hook4 ,z ,i look$ at him1 he left (f1 & /oop+ ov] 8 %oes1 tri$ to apply ! same sy/em to _! buttons4 ,t 0 too mu* = him4 ,aft] a prolong$ /ruggle he gave x up = ! "t1 return+1 h[ev]1 to ! buttons on 8 frame ) entirely undim9i%$ ardor4 ,next to him sat a little girl1 ) a pile ( small pieces ( money be=e h] on h] t9y table4 ,%e 0 engag$ 9 sort+ ^! into diff]5t piles accord+ to _! size1 &1 ?\gh ,i /ood by h] "s "t1 laugh+ at ! passion ( accuracy :i* fir$ h]1 %e 0 s absorb$ t %e did n ev5 notice my pres5ce4 ,z ,i turn$ away ,i almo/ /umbl$ ov] a c\ple ( *ildr5 sitt+ on ! floor1 engag$ 9 "s game ) a v>iety ( blocks :i* look$ new to me4 ,!y 7 t5 squ>$ rods ( equal ?ickness1 ( :i* ! %orte/ look$ to be a t5? ! l5g? ( ! longe/1 & ! o!rs ( regul>ly dim9i%+ l5g?s betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,^! 7 pa9t$ 9 alt]nate /ripes ( r$ & blue1 ^! /ripes be+ ! same wid? z ! %orte/ rod4 ,! *ildr5 7 putt+ ^! toge!r 9 consecutive ord] s z to make a sort ( s]ies1 & al?\gh !y 7 evid5tly mu* too "y to c\nt1 !y 7 aid+ !mselves by t\*+ ) _! f+]s ea* ( ! pa9t$ /ripes1 & v]ify+ 9 ?is way ! l5g? ( ! rod4 ,i c\ld n foll[ ?is process1 al?\gh x 0 pla9ly some?+ ari?metical1 & turn$ to ask ! tea*] ab\t x4 ,i saw h] across ! room engag$ 9 ty+ a b&age ab\t a *ild's eyes4 ,wond]+ if ?is 7 "s new1 sci5tific =m ( puni%m5t1 ,i /epp$ to t "p ( ! room & wat*$ ! subsequ5t proce$+s4 ,! *ild1 8 lips curv$ 9 an expectant smile1 ev5 laugh+ a little 9 pleasant excitem5t1 turn$ 8 bl9dfold$ face to a pile ( small pieces ( clo? be=e him4 ,sev]al *ildr51 walk+ pa/1 /opp$ & hung ov] ! edge ( 8 desk ) lively int]e/4 ,! boy drew out f ! pile a piece ( velvet4 ,he felt ( ?is int5tly1 runn+ ! s5sitive tips ( 8 f+]s lightly ov] ! nap1 & cock+ 8 head on "o side 9 deep ?\ght4 ,! *ild-spectators gaz$ at him ) sympa!tic att5tion4 ,:5 he gave ! "r "n1 !y all smil$ & nodd$ _! heads 9 satisfaction4 ,he drew out ano!r piece f ! big pile1 co>se cotton clo? ?is "t1 :i* he in/antly recogniz$2 !n a squ>e ( sat9 ov] :i* 8 little f+]-tips w&]$ ) evid5t s5su\s pleasure4 ,8 successful nam+ ( ?is 0 too mu* = 8 envi\s little spectators4 ,!y turn$ & fl$ t[>d ! tea*] & :5 ,i rea*$ h]1 %e 0 ! c5t] ( a little gr\p ( *ildr51 all clamor+ to be bl9dfold$4 8,h[ !y d love t ex]cise60 %e said1 look+ aft] !m ) %9+ eyes 444 ,i c\ld h sworn1 ) "m's eyes6 8,are y too busy & hurri$10 ,i ask$1 8to expla9 to me ! game ^? *ildr5 are play+ ) ! r$ & blue rods80 ,%e answ]$ ) "s surprise1 8,oh1 no1 ,i'm n busy & hurri$ at all60 7q z ?\gh we 7 n all liv+ 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury7 & w5t on1 8,! *ildr5 c come & f9d me if !y ne$ me40 ,s ,i _h my fir/ lesson 9 ! !ory ( self-education & self-dep5d5ce und]ly+ ! ,montessori app>atus1 to ! accompanim5t ( occasional reque/s = aid1 or dem&s = sympa?y ov] an a*ievem5t1 made 9 cle>1 baby treble4 ,t !ory w be tak5 up lat] 9 ?is book1 z ?is *apt] is int5d$ only to be a pla9 n>ration ( a few ( ! sights enc\nt]$ by an ord9>y obs]v] 9 a morn+ 9 a ,montessori s*ool4 ,aft] a "t ,i notic$ t f\r little girls 7 sitt+ at a neatly-ord]$ small table1 spread ) a :ite clo?1 app>5tly eat+ _! lun*eons4 ,! tea*]1 9 answ] to my inquir+ glance at !m1 expla9$ t x 0 _! turn to be ! waitresses t day1 = ! *ildr5's lun*1 & s !y ate _! own meal fir/4 ,%e 0 call$ away j !n1 & ,i sat look+ at ! roomful ( busy *ildr51 li/5+ to ! pleasant murmur ( _! *ats toge!r1 wat*+ !m move freely ab\t z !y lik$1 not+ _! absorb$1 happy conc5tration on _! tasks4 ,already "s ( ! s5se ( ! miracul\s :i* _h be5 s vivid 9 my m9d dur+ my fir/ survey ( ! s*ool 0 dull$1 or r1 expla9$ away4 ,n[ t ,i _h se5 "s ( ! details compos+ ! picture1 ! :ole seem$ m natural4 ,x 0 n surpris+1 = in/ance1 t ! little girl sort+ ! pieces ( money %\ld n in/ead be pull+ ano!r *ild's hair1 or w&]+ 9 aimless & pot5tially naughty idl5ess ab\t ! room4 ,x 0 n necess>y ei!r to =ce or exhort h] to be a quiet & untr\blesome citiz5 ( t little republic4 ,%e w\ld no m leave h] fasc9at+ occupation to g & 8be naughty0 ?an a pr(essor ( *emi/ry w\ld leave an absorb+ exp]im5t 9 8 laboratory to g & rob a c&y-/ore4 ,9 bo? cases x w\ld be leav+ ! be/ sort ( a 8good "t0 = a mu* less enjoyable und]tak+4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! reflections 7my fir/ glimm] ( und]/&+ ( :at x 0 all ab\t71 a lively m>* on ! piano 0 /ruck up4 ,n a ^w 0 spok5 by ! tea*]1 inde$ ,i _h n yet he>d h] voice rais$ a s+le "t to make a collective rem>k to ! :ole body ( *ildr51 b at once1 act+ on ! impulse :i* moves u all to run d[n ! /reet t[>ds ! s\nd ( a brass b&1 mo/ ( ! *ildr5 /opp$ _! "w & ran t[>ds ! op5 floor-space ne> ! piano4 ,"s ( ! old] ones1 ( five1 =m$ a s+le-file l9e1 :i* 0 rapidly recruit$ by ! monkey-l imitativ5ess ( ! little ones1 into a long file4 ,! music 0 m>tial1 ! old] *ildr5 held _! heads high & /amp$ l\dly z !y m>*$ ab\t1 keep+ "t v accurately to ! /rongly m>k$ rhy?m ( ! tune4 ,! little tots did _! baby be/ to copy _! big bro!rs & si/]s1 "s ( !m m]ely laugh+ & /amp+ up & d[n )\t any ref]5ce to ! "t1 o!rs evid5tly notic+ a diff]5ce betwe5 _! actions & ^? ( ! old] ones1 & try+ to move _! feet m regul>ly4 ,no "o _h sugge/$ t !y leave _! "w-tables to play 9 ?is way 7inde$ a few too absorb$ to he$ ! call ( ! music /ill hung int5tly ov] _! =m] occupations71 no "o sugge/$ t !y /ep 9 "t to ! music1 no "o correct$ !m :5 !y did n4 ,! music sudd5ly *ang$ f a sw++ m>*+ air to a l[1 rhy?mical croon4 ,! old] *ildr5 in/antly /opp$ /amp+ & began trott+ noiselessly ab\t on _! tiptoes1 imitat$ aga9 z slavi%ly z possible by ! admir+ small] ones4 ,! unc]ta9 control ( _! equilibrium by ^! littl] ones1 made !m /agg] ab\t1 z !y practis$ ?is new ex]cise1 l ! little bac*antes1 intoxicat$ ) rhy?m1 :i* _! gl[+ faces ( delight seem$ to proclaim !m4 ,i 0 p5etrat$ ) t poignant1 almo/ te>ful sympa?y 9 _! int5se enjoym5t :i* *ildr5's pleasure awak5s 9 e adult :o has to d ) !m4 8,ah1 :at a good "t !y are hav+60 ,i cri$ to myself1 & !n reflect$ t !y _h be5 hav+ "s sort ( v good "t ev] s9ce ,i _h come into ! room4 ,& yet ev5 my unpractis$ eye c\ld see a diff]5ce betwe5 ?is good "t & ! k9d]g>t51 *>m+ z t is to wat*4 ,no prettily-dress$1 en]getic1 ?or\ghgo+ "y lady _h beckon$ ! *ildr5 away f _! self-*os5 occupations4 ,!re 0 no set circle "h ) ! lovely tea*] 9 ! middle1 & e *ild's eyes fa/5$ con/antly on h] ne>ly always delightful b also ov]p[]+ly develop$ adult p]sonality4 ,!re 0 no set 8game0 be+ play$1 ! discont9uation ( :i* dep5d$ on ! tea*]'s m or less accurate guess at :5 ! *ildr5 7 becom+ tir$4 ,inde$1 z ,i reflect$ on ?is1 ,i notic$ t1 al?\gh ! bigg] ones 7 cont9u+ _! musical m>* ) undim9i%$ pleasure1 ! y\ng] ones _h already exhau/$ ! small am\nt ( consecutive int]e/ _! infant organisms are capable (1 &1 )\t spoil+ ! fun = ! o!rs1 inde$ )\t be+ obs]v$1 _h sudd5ly /opp$ danc+ & pranc+ z sudd5ly z !y began &1 ) ! kitt5-l fitfulness ( _! age1 7 w&]+ away 9 gr\ps ( two & ?ree out to ! great1 op5 c\rty>d4 ,i suppose !y w5t on play+ quiet] games !re1 b ,i did n foll[ !m1 s absorb$ 0 ,i 9 wat*+ ! f\r little girls :o _h n[ at la/ f9i%$ _! v leisurely meal & 7 prep>+ ! tables = ! o!r *ildr54 ,!y 7 ab\t f\r & a half & five ye>s old1 an age at :i* ,i w\ld h ?\ght *ildr5 z capable ( solv+ a problem 9 calculus z ( und]tak+1 )\t sup]vision1 to set tables = tw5ty o!r babies4 ,!y w5t at _! und]tak+ ) no ha/e1 inde$ ) a sl[ness :i* my racial impati5ce f\nd absolutely excruciat+4 ,!y paus$ con/antly = prolong$ consultations1 & to v]ify & correct !mselves z !y laid ! knife1 =k1 spoon1 plate1 & napk9 at ea* place4 ,int]e/$ z ,i 01 & beg9n+1 z ,i did1 to und]/& a little ( ! ideas ( ! s*ool1 ,i /ill 0 s "u ! dom9ation ( my lifetime ( ov]-emphasis on ! importance ( ! imm$iate result ( an action1 t ,i felt ! same impulse ,i _h re/ra9$ ) difficulty beside ! button+ boy--to snat* ! ?+s f _! incompet5t little h&s & :isk !m into place on ! tables4 ,b !n ,i notic$ t ! clock %[$ only a little aft] elev51 & t evid5tly ! r\t9e ( ! s*ool 0 plann$ expressly s t !re w\ld be no ne$ = ha/e4 ,! phrase /ruck my m5tal e> curi\sly1 & arre/$ my att5tion4 ,i reflect$ on t condition ) ! a/oni%$ awe ( a mod]n1 meet+ x almo/ = ! fir/ "t4 8,no ne$ = ha/e0--x 0 l be+ transport$ into ! timeless ease ( et]nity4 ,& !n ,i fell to ask+ myself :y !re 0 always s mu* ne$ = ha/e 9 my own life & 9 t ( my *ildr58 ,0 x1 aft] all1 s necess>y8 ,:at 7 we hurry+ s to accompli%8 ,i rememb]$ my scorn ( ! p>ties ( ,cook's t\ri/s1 clatt]+ into ! ,si/9e ,*apel = a mom5t>y glance at ! a*ievem5t ( a lifetime ( g5ius1 pa9t$ on ! ceil+1 & !n gallop+ out aga9 = a hop-skip-&-jump race d[n ?r\gh ! ,/anze ( ,raphael4 ,x occurr$ to me1 disquiet+ly1 t possibly1 in/ead ( really tra9+ my *ildr51 ,i might be dragg+ !m headlong on a ,cook's t\r ?r\gh life4 ,x also occurr$ to me t if ! ,montessori ideas 7 tak5 up 9 my family1 ! *ildr5 w\ld n be ! only ones to pr(it by !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,meal ,,h\r4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,:5 ,i em]g$ f ?is br[n /udy1 ! little girls _h f9i%$ _! task & !re /ood be=e me tables set = tw5ty little p1 set neatly & regul>ly1 )\t an item miss+4 ,! *ildr51 call$ 9 f _! play 9 ! c\rty>d1 came m>*+ along 7!y d take collective action :5 collective int]e/s g5u9ely dem& x7 & sat d[n )\t sugge/ions1 ea*1 ,i suppose1 at ! place he _h occupi$ :ile work+ at ^? same t9y tables4 ,i held my brea? to see ! f\r little waitresses ent] ! room1 ea* c>ry+ a big ture5 full ( hot s\p4 ,i w\ld n h tru/$ a *ild ( t age to c>ry a glass ( wat] across a room4 ,! little girls advanc$ sl[ly1 _! eyes fix$ on ! cont5ts ( _! ture5s1 _! att5tion s conc5trat$ on _! all-important ent]prise t !y seem$ entirely oblivi\s ( ! out] _w4 ,a fly light$ on ! nose ( "o ( ^! solemnly absorb$ babies4 ,%e twi/$ ! tip ( t feature1 mak+ ! mo/ grotesque grimaces 9 h] ef=t to dislodge ! tickl+ intrud]1 b n until %e _h rea*$ a table & set d[n h] sacr$ ture5 9 safety1 did %e raise h] h& to h] face4 ,i revis$ on ! in/ant all my fix$ convictions ab\t ! innate he$lessness & lack ( self-control ( e>ly *ildhood2 especially z %e turn$ at once to h] task ( ladl+ out ! s\p into ! plates ( ! *ildr5 at h] table1 a feat :i* %e accompli%$ z deftly z any adult c\ld h done4 ,! napk9s 7 unfold$1 ! old] *ildr5 tuck$ !m "u _! *9s & began to eat _! s\p4 ,! y\ng] ones imitat$ !m m or less h&ily1 ?\gh ) "s ! process meant q a /ruggle ) ! napk94 ,"o little boy1 only "o 9 all t company1 c\ld n manage 84 ,aft] wre/l+ ) x1 he br\ght x to ! tea*]1 :o _h dropp$ d[n on a *air ne> m9e4 ,s sure 0 ,i ( :at h] action inevitably w\ld be1 t ,i fairly felt my own h&s automatically foll[ h]s 9 ! famili> motions ( tuck+ a napk9 "u a *ild's r\nd *94 ,i _c devise any way to set d[n on pap] ) suffici5t emphasis ! fact t %e did n tuck t napk9 94 ,%e held x up 9 h] h&s1 %[$ ! *ild h[ to take hold ( a l>g] "p ( ! corn] ?an he _h be5 grasp+1 &1 illu/rat+ on h]self1 gave him an object-lesson4 ,!n %e gave x back to him4 ,he _h caught ! idea evid5tly1 b 8 undiscipl9$ little f+]s1 out ( sight !re1 "u 8 *91 w\ld n foll[ ! direction ( 8 bra91 ?\gh t 0 evid5tly1 f ! grave int5tness ( 8 baby face1 work+ at top spe$4 ,) a sigh1 t irresi/ible sigh ( ! little *ild1 he took out ! crumpl$ bit ( l95 & look$ at x sadly4 ,i clasp$ my h&s toge!r tightly to keep !m f fly+ at him & accompli%+ ! op]ation 9 a tw9kl+4 ,:y1 ! poor *ild's s\p 0 gett+ cold6 ,aga9 ,i wi% to reit]ate ! /atem5t t ! tea*] did n tuck t napk9 94 ,%e took x once m & w5t ?r\gh v sl[ly all ! necess>y movem5ts4 ,! *ild's big1 black eyes fa/5$ on h] 9 a passion ( att5tion1 & ,i notic$ t 8 little empty h&s foll[$ automatically ! sl[1 di/9ctly sep>at$1 analyz$ movem5ts ( ! tea*]'s h&s4 ,:5 %e gave ! napk9 back to him1 he seiz$ x ) an air ( resolution :i* w\ld h done honor to ,napoleon1 grasp+ x firmly & hold+ 8 w&]+ baby-wits toge!r ) ! aid ( a det]m9$ fr[n4 ,he pull$ 8 coll> away f 8 neck ) "o h& &1 /ill fr[n+ det]m9$ly1 ?ru/ a l>ge segm5t ( ! napk9 d[n ) ! o!r1 spread+ out ! rema9d] on 8 *e/1 ) a long sigh ( utt] satisfaction1 :i* w5t to my he>t4 ,z he trott$ back to 8 place1 ,i notic$ t ! incid5t _h be5 obs]v$ by sev]al ( ! *ildr5 ne> u1 on ^: smil+ faces1 z !y look$ at _! triumphant little comrade1 ,i c\ld see ! reflection ( my own gratifi$ sympa?y4 ,"o ( !m rea*$ out & patt$ ! napk9 z its pr\d we>] pass$4 ,b ,i _h n be5 all ! morn+ 9 t *ildr5's home1 p]fect1 ?\gh n made ) a "m's h&s1 )\t hav+ my "m's jeal\sy %>ply ar\s$4 ,a numb] ( ?+s _h be5 /irr+ up prote/s 9 my m9d4 ,i 0 al>m$ at ! sight ( all ^! babies1 happy1 wisely occupi$1 p]fectly good1 & le>n+ unconsci\sly ! be/ sort ( lessons1 & yet 9 an atmosph]e diff]+ s entirely f all my preconceiv$ ideas ( a home4 ,all ?is might be all v well = ,italian mo!rs s poor t !y 7 oblig$ to leave _! *ildr5 9 ord] to g out & help e>n ! family liv+2 or = ,engli% mo!rs1 :o expect z a matt] ( c\rse t _! little *ildr5 %all sp5d mo/ ( _! "t ) nurse-maids & gov]nesses4 ,b ,i c\ld n sp>e my *ildr51 ,i told myself4 ,i ask$ no?+ bett] ?an to h !m ) me e mom5t !y 7 awake4 ,:at 0 to be done ab\t ?is om9\sly excell5t in/itution :i* seem$ to treat ! *ildr5 m wisely ?an ,i1 = all my ef=ts8 ,i felt an uneasy1 appreh5sive ho/ility t[>ds ^! me?ods1 contra/+ s entirely ) m9e1 = m9e 71 ,i assur$ myself hotly1 bas$ on ! mo/ absolute1 supreme "m's love = ! *ild4 ,i n[ turn$ to ! tea*] & said prote/+ly1 8,t w\ld h be5 a v little ?+ to d = a *ild40 ,%e laugh$4 8,i'm n 8 nurse-maid4 ,i'm 8 tea*]10 %e repli$4 8,t's all v well1 b 8 s\p w be cold1 y "k1 & he w be late to 8 lun*eon60 ,%e did n d5y ?is1 b %e did n seem z /ruck z ,i 0 by ! importance ( ! fact4 ,%e answ]$ :imsically1 8,ah1 "o mu/ rememb] n to obtrude "o's adult mat]ialism into ! ideali/ic _w ( *ildr54 ,he is s happy ov] 8 victory ov] himself t he w\ldn't notice if 8 s\p 7 ic$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,morn+ ,,clean-,,up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wait] ,,c>ry+ ,,s\p4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir 8,b w>m s\p is a good ?+1 a v good ?+10 ,i insi/$1 8& y h lit]ally robb$ him ( 84 ,m ?an t1 ,i seem to see t all ?is insi/5ce on self-dep5d5ce = *ildr5 mu/ int]f]e ) a great _m desirable regul>ities ( family life40 ,%e look$ at me indulg5tly4 8,yes1 w>m s\p is a good ?+1 b is x su* a v important ?+8 ,accord+ to our adult /&>ds x is m palatable1 b x's really ab\t z good food if eat5 cold1 isn't x8 ,&1 anyh[1 he eats x cold only ?is once4 ,y'd snat* him away f 8 plate ( w>m s\p )\t scruple if y ?\ght he 0 sitt+ 9 a draught & w\ld take cold4 ,isn't 8 moral heal? z important z 8 physical80 8,b x might be v inconv5i5t = someone else1 9 an ord9>y home1 to wait s int]m9ably = him to le>n to wait on himself40 ,h] answ] 0 a home-?ru/4 8,if x's too mu* tr\ble to give him ! be/ conditions at home1 w\ldn't he be bett] s5t to a ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 :i* has no o!r aim ?an to h ?+s j "r = 8 developm5t80 ,?is sil5c$ me = a "t4 ,i turn$ away1 b 0 recall$ by h] rem>k+1 8,besides1 ,i've put him m 9 ! way ( gett+ 8 s\p hot f n[ on1 ?an y w\ld1 by tuck+ 9 8 napk9 & s5d+ him back at once4 ,to-day's plateful w\ld h be5 w>m2 b h[ ab\t to-morr[ & ! day aft]1 & s on1 unless y1 or "s o!r gr[n-up happ5$ to be at h& to wait on him4 ,& on my "p1 :at c\ld ,i d1 if all tw5ty-five ( ! *ildr5 7 helpless80 ,i seiz$ on ?is opportunity to voice "s ( ! "m's jeal\sy :i* und]lay all my extreme admiration & a/oni%m5t at ! sights ( ! morn+1 8,if y didn't keep su* an octopus clut* on ! *ildr51 sep>at+ !m all day 9 ?is way f _! own families1 if !y 7 s5t home to eat _! lun*eons1 :y1 !re w\ld be mo!rs en\gh to g ar\nd4 ,!y w\ld be only too glad to tuck ! little napk9s 960 ,! tea*] look$ at me1 level-br[$1 & said1 ) a dry1 enigmatic acc5t :i* made me reflect uneasily1 long aft]w>ds1 on h] words1 8,!y c]ta9ly w\ld4 ,d y really ?9k t w\ld be an improvem5t80 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,m ,,ab\t ,,:at ,,happ5s ,,9 ,a ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i ,( c\rse "o day's obs]vations d n give ev5 a bird's-eye view ( all ! op]ations ( a ,montessori s*ool1 & ?is *apt] is int5d$ to supplem5t some:at ! v incomplete survey ( ! la/ & to t\* at lea/1 9 pass+1 ^u "s ( ! o!r important activities 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are engag$4 ,if ?is description seems lack+ 9 cont9uity & uni=mity1 x repres5ts all ! m fai?fully ! impressions ( an obs]v] ( a ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,= !re "o sees no trace ( ! slightly ,prussian uni=mity ( action to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ev5 ! free/ ( our prim>y s*ools & k9d]g>t5s4 ,y ne$ n expect at t5 o'clock to he> ! 8t5-o'clock class 9 read+10 = possibly on t day no *ild w happ5 to feel l read+4 ,y ne$ n ?9k t ! tea*] w call up ! /> pupil to h him write = y4 ,he may be ly+ on ! floor absorb$ 9 an ari?metical game & a ,montessori tea*] w\ld z soon bl[ up h] s*oolroom ) dynamite z int]f]e ) ! natural direction1 tak5 = ! mom5t by ! self-educat+ in/9cts ( h] *ildr54 ,9 plann+ a visit to a ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 y c be sure ( only "o ?+1 n1 h[ev]1 an inconsid]able ?+1 & t is t all ! *ildr5 w be happily absorb$ 9 "s pr(itable und]tak+4 ,x nev] fails4 ,!re are no 8blue ,mondays40 ,ra9 or %9e outdoors1 inside ! big room !re always bl[s across ! he>t ( ! visitor a f9e1 tonic brea? ( free1 & h5ce1 nev] li/less life4 ,on days 9 w9t] :5 ! sirocco bl[s1 ! debilitat+ w9d f ,africa1 :i* r$uces ! :ole population ( ,rome to in]t & melan*oly passivity1 ! *ildr5 9 ! ,casa are p]haps n q s briskly en]getic z usual 9 _! self-impos$ task ( tea*+ & gov]n+ !mselves1 b !y are by f> ! mo/ briskly en]getic ,romans 9 ! city4 ,x is all s int]e/+ to !m1 !y _c /op to be bor$ or naughty4 ,j z "o ( our ke51 hungry-m9d$ ,yankee s*ool-tea*]s1 turn$ loose = ! fir/ "t 9 an hi/oric ,european city1 ?r[s h]self ) su* f]vor into ! exploration ( all its fasc9at+ & in=m+ sights t %e is a/oni%$ to he> lat] t x 0 "o ( ! hotte/ & mo/ try+ summ]s ev] kn[n1 s ^! equally hungry-m9d$1 heal?y *ildr5 fl+ !mselves ^u ! fasc9at+ & in=m+ wond]s ( ! _w ab\t !m ) su* ardor t !y are always a/oni%$ :5 ! long1 happy day is done4 ,! fre$om accord$ !m is absolute1 ! only rule be+ t !y mu/ n hurt or annoy o!rs1 a rule :i*1 aft] ! fir/ brief *aos at ! beg9n+1 :5 ! s*ool is be+ organiz$1 is always respect$ ) religi\s c>e by ^! little citiz5s2 al?\gh to call a ,montessori s*ool a 8little republic0 & ! *ildr5 8little citiz5s10 gives mu* too =mal an idea ( ! free-&-easy1 happily un=c$ & natural relations ( ! *ildr5 ) ea* o!r4 ,! phrase ,casa dei ,bamb9i is be+ translat$ ev]y:]e n[adays by ,engli%-speak+ p z 8,! ,h\se ( ,*ildhood10 :]eas its real mean+1 bo? l+ui/ic & spiritual1 is1 8,! ,*ildr5's ,home40 ,t is :at x is1 a real home = *ildr51 :]e ev]y?+ is arrang$ = _! be/ int]e/s1 :]e ! furniture is ! "r size = !m1 :]e !re are no adult occupations go+ on to be int]rupt$ & h9d]$ by ! m]e pres5ce ( ! *ildr51 :]e !re are no rules made solely to facilitate life = gr[n-ups1 :]e *ildr51 )\t incurr+ ! reproa* 7express$ or tacit7 ( di/urb+ _! eld]s1 c freely & joy\sly1 & if !y please1 noisily1 develop !mselves by action f morn+ to night4 ,) ! removal by ?is simple means ( mo/ ( ! occasions = friction 9 ! life ( little *ildr51 x is amaz+ to see h[ few1 h[ negligibly few occasions !re are = naught9ess4 ,! great "q ( discipl9e :i* s absorbs u all1 solves itself1 melts into ?9 air1 becomes non-exi/5t4 ,ea* *ild gives himself ! sev]e/ sort ( self-discipl9e by 8 int]e/ 9 8 v>i\s und]tak+s4 ,he le>ns self-control z a by-product ( 8 heal?y absorption 9 "s fasc9at+ pursuit1 or z a result ( 8 in/9ctive imitation ( old] *ildr54 ,= in/ance1 no adult 0 oblig$ to %\t comm&+ly to ! little-girl waitress n to drop h] s\p-ture5 to bru% ! fly f h] nose4 ,%e 0 s fill$ ) ! pride ( h] responsible position t %e obey$ ! same inn] impulse t[>ds self-control :i* induces adult self-sacrifice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! button+ boy did n refra9 by a simil>1 viol5t ef=t ( 8 w f snat*+ ! blocks f ! ari?metical *ildr54 ,x simply nev] occurr$ to him1 s happily absorb$ 0 he 9 8 own task4 ,i ask$1 ( c\rse1 ! "q :i* obsesses e new obs]v] 9 a ,*ildr5's ,home1 8,b :at d y d1 ) all ?is f9e !ory ( absolute fre$om1 :5 a *ild is naughty8 ,sometimes1 ev5 if n (t51 y surely mu/ enc\nt] ! kick+1 scream+1 snat*+1 hair-pull+ #8bad' *ild60 ,i 0 told !n t ! heal? ( su* a *ild is look$ into at once1 su* p]v]t$ viol5ce be+ almo/ c]ta9ly ! result ( d]ang$ physical condition4 ,if no?+ pa?ological c be discov]$1 he is treat$ z a morally sick *ild1 giv5 a little table by himself1 f :i* he c look on at ! *e]ful1 ord]$ play ( ! s*oolroom1 all[$ any & all toys he desires1 pett$1 soo!d1 indulg$1 piti$1 b 7( c\rse ?is is ! vital po9t7 sev]ely let alone by ! o!r *ildr51 :o are told t he is 8sick0 & s _c play ) !m until he gets well4 ,?is quiet isolation1 ) its object-lesson ( good-natur$ play among ! o!r *ildr51 has a hypnotically calm+ effect1 ! *ild's 8naught9ess0 = v lack ( food to fe$ ^u1 or resi/ance to bl[ its flames1 disappe>s & dies away4 ,?is1 ,i say1 0 ! explanation giv5 me at fir/1 b lat]1 :5 ,i came to "k m intimately ! little gr\p ( ,montessori en?usia/s 9 ,rome1 ,i le>n$ m ab\t ! matt]4 ,"o ( my ,montessori fri5ds told me laugh+ly1 8,we f\nd t nobody w\ld believe u at all :5 we told ! simple tru?1 :5 we said t we nev]1 lit]ally nev]1 d enc\nt] t hypo!tical1 f]oci\sly naughty1 small *ild4 ,!y look at u ) su* an obvi\s incr$ulity t1 = ! honor ( ! sy/em1 we _h to devise "s exp$i5t4 ,s we ransack$ our memories = "o or two tempor>y examples ( #8badness' :i* we met at fir/ be=e ! sy/em 0 well organiz$1 & rememb]$ h[ we _h dealt ) !m4 ,n[1 :5 p ask u :at we d :5 ! *ildr5 beg9 to scrat* & kick ea* o!r1 in/ead ( insi/+ t *ildr5 z "y z ours1 :5 prop]ly int]e/$1 nev] d ^! ?+s1 we tell !m ! old /ory ( our device ( ye>s ago40 ,i h said t ! real translation = ,casa dei ,bamb9i is ,! ,*ildr5's ,home1 & ,i feel l insi/+ ^u ?is r5d]+1 :i* gives u s mu* m idea ( ! "* ( ! in/itution4 ,at lea/1 f n[ on1 9 ?is book1 t ,engli% phrase w be us$ f "t to "t to designate a ,montessori s*ool4 ,x is1 = in/ance1 _! v own home n only 9 ! s5se t x is a place arrang$ specially = _! com=t & conv5i5ce1 b fur!rmore a place = :i* !y feel t /eady+ s5se ( responsibility :i* is "o ( ! greate/ moral advantages ( a home ov] a bo>d+-h\se1 a moral advantage ( home life :i* *ildr5 9 ord9>y circum/ances are r>ely all[$ to %>e ) _! eld]s4 ,!y are bo>d]s 7?\gh gratuit\s ones7 ) _! fa!r & "m1 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 !y h ! remote1 deta*$1 unsympa!tic alo(ness f ! problem ( runn+ ! h\se :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! race ( bo>d]s4 ,9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i ?is is q diff]5t4 ,because x is _! home & n a s*ool1 ! h\rs are v long1 practically all ! day be+ sp5t !re4 ,! *ildr5 h ! responsibility n only = _! own p]sons1 b = ! c>e ( _! ,home4 ,!y arrive e>ly 9 ! morn+ & betake !mselves at once to ! small wa%/&s ) pit*]s & b[ls ( j ! size conv5i5t = !m to h&le4 ,"h !y make z complete a morn+ toilet z anyone c\ld wi%1 wa%+ _! faces1 necks1 h&s1 & e>s 7& beh9d ! e>s671 bru%+ _! tee?1 mak+ manful ef=ts to comb _! hair1 clean+ _! f+]-nails ) scrupul\s c>e1 & help+ ea* o!r ) frat]nal sympa?y4 ,x is a/oni%+ 7= anyone :o _h ! illusion t %e knew *ild-nature7 to note ! contra/ betwe5 ! vivid purposeful att5tion !y be/[ on all ^! processes :5 !y are all[$ to d !m = !mselves1 & ! bor$1 indiff]5t impati5ce we all "k s well :5 x is our adult h&s :i* are do+ all ! "w4 ,! big ones 7( five & six7 help ! little ones1 :o1 eag] to be 8big ones0 9 _! turn1 /ruggle to le>n z quickly z possible h[ to d ?+s = !mselves4 ,aft] ! morn+ toilet ( ! *ildr5 is f9i%$1 x is ! turn ( ! s*oolroom4 ,! fre%-fac$1 %9+-ey$ *ildr5 scatt] ab\t ! big room1 ) t9y bru%es & du/-pans & little brooms4 ,!y attack ! corn]s :]e du/ lurks1 !y du/ (f all ! furniture ) s(t clo?s1 !y wat] ! plants1 !y pick up any litt] :i* may h accumulat$1 !y le>n ! habit ( really exam9+ a room to see if x is 9 ord] or n4 ,"o natural result ( ?is daily tra9+ 9 close obs]vation ( a room is a mu* great] c>e 9 ! use ( x dur+ ! day1 a result ! importance ( :i* c be c]tifi$ by any "m :o has to 8pick up0 aft] a family ( small *ildr54 ,aft] ! room is fre% & clean1 ! 8ord] ( ex]cises0 is v flexible1 v>y+ accord+ to circum/ances1 ! wea!r1 ! desire ( ! *ildr54 ,!y may p]haps s+ a hymn toge!r be=e disp]s+ to _! diff]5t self-*os5 ex]cises ) ! app>atus4 ,sometimes ! tea*] gives !m "s ex]cises 9 mann]s1 %[+ !m h[ to rise gracefully & quietly f _! little *airs1 h[ to say good-morn+2 h[ to give & receive politely "s object2 h[ to c>ry ?+s safely across ! room1 etc41 etc4 ,sometimes !y all sit ab\t ! tea*] & h a talk ) h]1 an ex]cise 9 ord9>y well-br$ conv]sation :i* is sadly ne$$ by our ,am]ican *ildr51 :o are seldom1 at lea/ z "y z ?is1 tra9$ to express !mselves 9 any b trivial reque/s1 or1 z 9 ! k9d]g>t51 9 repeat+ /ories4 ,! tea*] que/ions ! *ildr5 ab\t ! happ5+s ( _! lives1 ab\t any?+ ( m g5]al int]e/ :i* !y may h obs]v$1 or on any topic :i* excites a g5]al int]e/ :i* !y may h obs]v$4 ,( c\rse1 because %e is a ,montessori tea*] %e does z little ( ?is talk+ z possible h]self1 conf9+ h]self to brief rem>ks :i* may draw out ! *ildr54 ,su* conv]sation is ( ! greate/ help to ! flu5cy & correctness ( spee* & to an e>ly enri*+ ( ! vocabul>y1 all important factors 9 ! release ( ! *ild f ! prison ( 8 baby limitations4 ,! habit ( li/5+ :ile o!rs talk acquir$ 9 ^! g5]al morn+ conv]sations is also ( incalculable value1 z is atte/$ by ! prov]bial r>ity ( ! good li/5] ev5 among adults4 ,( c\rse ! ma9 bus9ess ( ! day is ! use ( ! app>atus1 ! diff]5t ,montessori ex]cises1 & ^! soon occupy ! att5tion ( all ! *ildr54 ,) int]vals ( outdoor play 9 ! c\rty>d g>d51 c>e ( ! plants !re1 ! morn+ progresses till ! lun* h\r1 :i* has be5 describ$4 ,aft] ?is1 or inde$1 :5ev] !y feel sleepy1 ! small] *ildr5 take _! naps1 & !y d n g home until five or six o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 hav+ back ( !m a peaceful1 h>moni\s day1 e in/ant ( :i* has be5 actively1 happily1 & pr(itably employ$1 & :i* has be5 full f morn+ till night ( goodwill & comrade%ip4 ,f "t to "t x happ5s t a new bro!r or si/] is introduc$ into ?is big family1 ) its rgime ( p]fect fre$om f unnecess>y re/ra9t4 ,! behavior ( *ildr5 :o are br\ght into ! s*ool aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! s*ool-ye> is naturally extremely v>i\s1 s9ce !y are all[$ !n1 z always1 to express ) p]fect lib]ty _! own individualities4 ,"s jo9 at once1 ( _! own accord1 9 "o or ano!r ( ! int]e/+ 8games0 !y see be+ play$ by ! o!r *ildr5 already initiat$1 & 9 half an h\r are indi/+ui%able f ! old] inhabitants ( t little _w1 draw+ _! f+]s alt]nately ov] s&pap] & smoo? wood to le>n ! diff]5ce betwe5 8r\gh0 & 8smoo?10 or delight$ly mat*+ ! diff]5t-color$ spools ( silk4 ,o!rs1 naturally %y ones1 naturally res]v$ ones1 ^? :o h be5 r5d]$ suspici\s by injudici\s home treatm5t1 or ^? :o h naturally sl[ m5tal ma*9es1 hold alo( = a "t4 ,!y are all[$ to d ?is z long z !y please4 ,!y are welcom$ once smil+ly1 & !n left to _! own devices4 ,i rememb]1 9 ! ,via ,giu/i s*ool1 see+ = sev]al days 9 succession a t9y girl1 n m ?an ?ree1 ) wide1 %y1 fawn-eyes1 sitt+ idle at a little table1 9 ! middle ( ! morn+1 ) all h] wraps on4 ,:5 ,i inquir$ ! mean+ ( ?is v unusual sight1 ! ,directress told me t1 app>5tly1 ! *ild _h some?+ ( ! wild-animal t]ror ( be+ caught 9 a trap1 & _h indicat$1 t]rifi$1 :5 h] "m1 on ! fir/ morn+1 tri$ to take (f h] cap & cloak1 t %e wi%$ to be free at any mom5t to make h] escape f ^! new & untri$ surr\nd+s4 ,s h] wraps 7 n remov$1 %e 0 all[$ to sit ne> ! door1 :i* 0 kept aj>1 & n a look or ge/ure f ! ,directress di/urb$ ! reassur+ isolation 9 :i* t baby1 by sl[ degrees1 f\nd h]self & le>n$ h] fir/ lesson ( ! big _w4 ,i ?9k %e sat ?us = ?ree :ole days1 at fir/ />t+ n]v\sly if anyone *anc$ to approa* h]1 ) ! pa9ful1 appreh5sive gl>e ( ! con/itutionally timid *ild1 b little by little conqu]+ h]self4 ,"o day %e rea*$ ov] %yly = a button+ frame1 left on ! next table by a *ild :o _h w&]$ (f to o!r joys4 ,%e sat ) ?is "s "t1 look+ ab\t suspici\sly to see if "s adult 7 m$itat+ t condesc5d+ swoop ( patroniz+ congratulation :i* is s (f5sive to ! self-respect+ pride ( a naturally res]v$ p]sonality4 ,no "o notic$ h]4 ,/ill glanc+ up ) frequ5t suspici\s />ts1 %e began try+ to ins]t ! buttons 9 ! buttonholes1 & !n1 by degrees1 lo/ h]self1 =got entirely ! tragic self-consci\sness :i* _h embitt]$ h] little life1 & ) a real 8,montessori face10 a c\nt5ance ( ard5t1 happy1 self-=gett+ int]e/ 9 ov]com+ ob/acles1 %e set def9itely to "w4 ,aft] a "t1 f9d+ t h] cape imp$$ h] motions1 %e flung x (f1 tak+ unconsci\sly ! /ep into :i*1 ?ree days be=e1 only sup]ior physical =ce c\ld h co]c$ h]4 ,i wat*$ h] ?r\gh ! w9t] ) mu* int]e/1 h] retic5t1 self-conta9$ nature always m>k+ h] (f f ! o!r little ones m or less1 & ,i rejoic$ to see t all ! natural manife/ations ( h] diff]+ individuality 7 religi\sly respect$ by ! wise ,directress4 ,x 0 n long be=e %e 0 trott+ freely ab\t ! room *oos+ h] activities ) lively delight1 & look+ on ) fri5dly1 ?\gh nev] v intimate1 int]e/ at ! do+s ( ! o!r *ildr54 ,b x 0 mon?s be=e %e c>$ to jo9 at all 9 ent]prises und]tak5 9 common by ! majority ( ! pupils1 ! rollick+ file1 = in/ance1 :i* /amp$ ab\t lu/ily 9 "t to ! music4 ,%e wat*$ !m1 half-a/oni%$1 half-disapprov+1 :olly cont5t$ ) h] own p]mitt$ alo(ness1 l a slim little greyh\nd wat*+ ! light-he>t$1 heavy-foot$ antics ( a litt] ( ,newf\ndl& puppies4 ,at lea/ "o p]son :o saw h] ?ank$ ,heav5 _m times t a k9d ,provid5ce _h sav$ h] f well-mean+ adult ef=ts to make h] ov] accord+ to ! ,newf\ndl& patt]n4 ,h]s 0 a r>e individuality1 ! integrity ( :i* 0 be+ pres]v$ entire = ! future leav5+ ( an all-too-uni=m civilization4 ,= al?\gh ! ,montessori s*ool furni%es ! be/ possible practical tra9+ = democracy1 inasmu* z e *ild le>ns spe$ily fir/ ! joys ( self-dep5d5ce & !n ! self-abnegat+ pleasure ( s]v+ o!rs1 x is also prep>+ ! greate/ possible amelioration ( our pres5t-day democracy1 by c\nt]act+ t bad1 b app>5tly n inevitable1 t5d5cy ( democracy to a dead level ( uni=m & *>act]less m$iocrity4 ,! ,casa dei ,bamb9i proves 9 actual practice t ev5 ! be/ int]e/s ( ! sacr$ majority d n dem& t p[]ful & diff]+ individualities be =c$ into a common m\ld1 b only guid$ into ! high] =ms ( _! own natural activities4 ,?is brief digression is an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* e ?\ghtful obs]v] 9 a ,montessori s*ool falls f "t to "t into a br[n /udy :i* takes him f> afield f ! busy babies be=e him4 ,no great] tribute to ! broadly human & univ]sal f\ndation ( ! sy/em c\ld be pres5t$ ?an ?is inevitable t5d5cy 9 visitors to see 9 ! diff]+ *ildi% activities ! un*a9+ ( great natural =ces = good :i* h be5 kept lock$ & padlock$ by our in]tia1 our %ort-sight$ness1 our lack ( confid5ce 9 human nature1 & our deep-root$ & unf\nd$ prejudice ab\t *ildhood1 our in/9ctive1 mi/ak51 h>% conviction t x w be indu/ri\s1 law-abid+1 & self-controll$ only "u pressure f ! outside4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t !re is "o v>iety ( *ild :o is ! mortal t]ror ( ,montessori tea*]s4 ,?is is n ! viol5tly insubord9ate *ild1 because 8 viol5ce & insubord9ation at home only indicate a /rong nature :i* requires no?+ b prop] activities to turn x to p[]ful & en]getic life4 ,no1 :at r$uces a ,montessori tea*] to despair is a *ild l "o ,i saw 9 a s*ool = ! *ildr5 ( ! weal?y1 a beautiful1 exquisitely attir$ little fairy ( f\r1 ^: lovely1 heal?ful body _h be5 c>$ = ) ! mo/ sci5tific exactitude by tra9$ nurses1 gov]nesses1 & nurse-maids1 & ! v spr+s ( ^: natural initiative & inv5tion seem$ to h be5 brok5 by ! debilitat+ m9i/rations ( all ^? c>etak]s4 ,x is significant t ! tea*] ( ?is s*ool admitt$ to me t %e f\nd h] c>efully-re>$ pupils g5]ally m li/less1 m selfi%1 h>d] to rea*1 & h>d] to /imulate ?an poor *ildr52 b ! lea/ prosp]\s ( u ne$ n ?9k t because we _c af=d nurse-maids our *ildr5 w f>e bett] ?an ^? ( millionaires1 = "o too devot$ "m c equal a regim5t ( s]vants 9 cru%+ out a *ild's initiative1 8 natural desire = self-dep5d5ce1 8 self-respect1 & 8 natural in/9ct = self-education4 ,! great po9t ( vantage ( a ,montessori s*ool ov] an ord9>y s*ool 9 deal+ ) ^! morally />v$ *ildr5 ( too prosp]\s p>5ts1 is t x cat*es !m y\ng]1 be=e ! p]nici\s habit ( passive dep5d5ce has cont9u$ long en\gh entirely to wreck _! natural in/9cts4 ,beside ! beautiful *ild ( f\r ) ! sapp$ & weak5$ w-p[] m5tion$ above1 0 an equally beautiful1 exquisitely dress$ little tot ( j ?ree1 ^: gl[+ face ( happy en]gy provid$ ! mo/ welcome contra/ to ! sadd5+ m5tal torpor ( ! old] *ild1 :o1 ?\gh naturally 9 e way a normal little girl1 /ood hopelessly apa!tic be=e all ! fasc9at+ lures to h] inv5tion :i* ! ,montessori app>atus spread be=e h]4 ,! little girl ( ?ree1 )\t a ^w f ! tea*]1 regulat$ = h]self a busy1 pr(itable1 happy1 purposeful life1 gett+ out "o piece ( app>atus aft] ano!r1 8play+0 ) x until h] fre% int]e/ 0 gone1 putt+ x away1 & fall+ ) equal ardor ^u some?+ else4 ,! old] *ild reg>d$ h] ) ! curi\s passive wond] ( a ,h9du :5 he sees u ,occid5tals gett+ our fun out ( danc+ & engag+ 9 v>i\s active sports ourselves in/ead ( recl9+ ^u pill[s to wat* o!r p paid ?us to ex]t !mselves4 ,%e 0 giv5 a *oice ( geometric insets1 & provid$ ) color$ p5cils & a big %eet ( pap]1 baits :i* n ev5 an idiot *ild c resi/1 &1 sitt+ un9v5tive be=e ?is delightful array1 rem>k$ ) a polite indiff]5ce t %e 0 us$ to hav+ p draw pictures = h]4 ,! poor *ild _h acquir$ ! habit ( hav+ somebody else d ev5 h] play+4 ,9 ! face ( ?is melan*oly sight1 ,i 0 com=t$ by ! tea*]'s hopeful assurance t ! *ild _h made "s advance s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! s*ool1 & %[$ "s signs t intellectual activity 0 awak5+ naturally "u ! well-nigh irresi/ible /imulus ( ! ,montessori app>atus4 ,"o exception to ! g5]al tru? t ! *ildr5 9 a ,montessori s*ool d n take conc]t$ action is 9 ! 8lesson ( sil5ce40 ,?is is (t5 m5tion$ 9 acc\nts ( ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 b x is s important t x may p]haps be "h describ$ aga94 ,x orig9at$ z a lesson = "o ( ! s5ses1 he>+1 b ?\gh x und\bt$ly is an excell5t ex]cise = ! e>s x has a moral effect :i* is m important4 ,x is c]ta9ly to visitors "o ( ! mo/ impressive ( all ! impressive sights to be se5 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home4 ,"o may be mov+ ab\t betwe5 ! gr\ps ( busy *ildr51 or sitt+ wat*+ _! lively animation or li/5+ to ! *e]ful hum ( _! voices1 :5 "o feels a curi\s *ange 9 ! atmosph]e l ! hu% :i* falls on a =e/ :5 ! sun sudd5ly goes beh9d a cl\d4 ,if x is ! fir/ "t "o has se5 ?is 8lesson10 ! effect is />tl+4 ,a quick glance ar\nd %[s t ! *ildr5 h /opp$ play+ z well z talk+1 & are sitt+ motionless at _! tables1 _! eyes on ! blackbo>d :]e 9 l>ge lett]s is writt5 8,sil5zio0 7,sil5ce74 ,ev5 ! little ones :o _c read1 foll[ ! example ( ! old] ones1 & n only sit motionless1 b look fix$ly at ! magic ^w4 ,! ,directress is visible n[1 /&+ by ! blackbo>d 9 an attitude & ) an expression ( tranquillity :i* is z calm+ to see z ! m$itative impassivity ( a ,buddhi/ prie/4 ,! sil5ce becomes m & m int5se4 ,to untra9$ e>s x seems absolute1 b an occasional fa9t ge/ure or w>n+ smile f ! ,directress %[s t a little h& has mov$ almo/ b n q inaudibly1 or a *air has creak$4 ,at fir/ ! *ildr5 smile 9 answ]1 b soon1 "u ! hypnotic peace ( ! hu% :i* la/s m9ute aft] m9ute1 ev5 ?is sil5t int]*ange ( lov+ admonition & response ceases4 ,x is n[ evid5t f ! *ildr5's trance-l immobility t !y no long] ne$ to make an ef=t to be motionless4 ,!y sit quiet1 rapt 9 a vague1 brood+ rev]ie1 _! busy bra9s lull$ into repose1 _! v s\ls look+ out f _! wide1 vacant eyes4 ,?is expression ( utt] peace1 :i* ,i nev] be=e saw on a *ild's face except 9 sleep1 has 9 x some?+ pr(\ndly t\*+4 ,9 t matt]-(-fact1 mod]n s*oolroom1 z solemnly z 9 %ad[y ca!dral aisles1 falls = an in/ant a veil ( contemplation1 betwe5 ! human s\l & ! ext]nal realities ( ! _w4 ,& !n a real veil ( twilight falls to int5sify ! effect4 ,! ,directress goes quietly ab\t f w9d[ to w9d[1 clos+ ! %utt]s4 ,9 ! ensu+ twilight1 ! *ildr5 b[ _! heads on _! clasp$ h&s 9 ! attitude ( pray]4 ,! ,directress /eps ?r\gh ! door into ! next room & a sl[ voice1 fa9t & cle>1 comes float+ back1 call+ a *ild's "n4 8,el444e444na60 ,a *ild lifts h] head1 op5s h] eyes1 rises z sil5tly z a little _s1 & ) a gl[+ face ( exaltation1 tiptoes out ( ! room1 fl++ h]self joy\sly into ! wait+ arms4 ,! summons comes aga91 8,vit444to444ri444o60 ,a little boy lifts 8 head f 8 desk1 %[+ a face ( sweet1 sob] cont5t at be+ call$1 & goes sil5tly across ! big room1 tak+ 8 place by ! side ( ! ,directress4 ,& s x goes until p]haps fifte5 *ildr5 are clu/]$ happily ab\t ! tea*]4 ,!n1 z in=mally & naturally z x began1 ! 8game0 is ov]4 ,! tea*] comes back into ! room ) h] usual quiet1 firm /ep2 light p\rs 9 at ! w9d[s2 ! my/ic ^w is eras$ f ! blackbo>d4 ,! visitor is a/oni%$ to see t only six or sev5 m9utes h pass$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ?is new exp]i5ce4 ,! *ildr5 smile at ea* o!r1 & beg9 to play aga91 p]haps a little m quietly ?an be=e1 p]haps m g5tly1 c]ta9ly ) ! %9+ eyes ( dev\t believ]s :o h bless$ly lo/ !mselves 9 an in/ant ( rapt & self-=gett+ devotion4 ,&1 9 a s5se1 !y too h be5 to *ur*4 ,?is mod]n sci5tific ,roman woman-doctor1 :o probably nev] he>d ( ,william ,p5n1 has r$iscov]$ ! my/ic joys ( 8 sect1 & has appropriat$ to h] sy/em "o ( ! mo/ b5eficial elem5ts ( ! ,quak] ,meet+4 ,be=e see+ ?is 8lesson ( sil5ce0 "o does n realize t !re is a lack 9 ! _w ( ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,aft] see+ x "o feels in/antly t x is an ess5tial elem5t1 ?is brief p]iod ( p]fect repose f ! m5tal activity :i*1 ?\gh un/imulat$1 is practically incessant2 ?is brief excursion away f all ! re/less1 %ift+1 rapid ?+s ( ! _w into ! region ( peace & calm & immobility4 ,& yet :o ( u1 )\t see+ ?is 9 actual practice1 w\ld ev] h dream$ t little *ildr5 w\ld c>e = su* an ex]cise1 w\ld submit to x = an in/ant1 mu* less ?r[ !mselves into x ) all ! ardor ( little ,yogis1 & em]ge f x sweet]1 m ob$i5t1 calm$1 & g5tl] z f a tranquiliz+ pray]8 ,sometimes1 once 9 a day is n en\gh = !m1 & lat] !y ask ( _! own accord to h ?is exp]i5ce repeat$4 ,_! pleasure 9 x is inexpressible4 ,! expression :i* comes ov] _! little faces :51 9 ! mid/ ( _! busy play1 !y feel ! fir/ hu% fall ab\t !m is some?+ nev] to be =gott54 ,x makes "o feel a sort ( envy ( ^! *ildr5 :o are s mu* bett] und]/ood ?an we 7 at _! age4 ,& ! fact t our own he>ts are someh[ calm$ & refre%$ by ?is ba? ( sil5t peace makes "o wond] if we are n all ( u /ill *ildr5 en\gh to b5efit by _m ( ! habits ( life taught !re1 to pr(it by ! adaptation to our adult exi/5ce ( "s ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ?is s*eme ( education = babies4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,some?+ ,,ab\t ,,! ,,app>atus ,,& ,,ab\t ,,! ,,!ory ,,und]ly+ ,,x ,z ,i look at ! title ( ?is *apt] be=e sett+ to "w on x1 ! sight ( ! ^w 8,!ory0 makes me appreh5sively aw>e t ,i am /epp+ d[n into v deep wat] )\t any great confid5ce 9 my p[]s z a swimm]4 ,b ,i recall aga9 ! reflection :i* has buoy$ me up m ?an once 9 ! composition ( ^! unsci5tific impressions1 namely t ,i am address+ an audi5ce no m sci5tific ?an ,i am1 an audi5ce ( ord9>y1 fairly well educat$ ,am]ican p>5ts4 ,fur!rmore ,i am conv9c$ t my book c d no m valuable s]vice ?an if by ! t5tative incomplet5ess ( its acc\nt x drives e read] to ! /udy ( ! sy/em 9 ,dr4 ,montessori's own c>efully writt5 treatise4 ,x is always1 ,i believe1 ess5tial to an und]/&+ ( any educational sy/em to compreh5d fir/ ( all ! und]ly+ pr9ciple be=e go+ on to its adaptation to actual conditions4 ,?is adaptation naturally v>ies z ! actual conditions v>y1 & %\ld *ange 9 _m details if x is to embody fai?fully1 "u diff]+ conditions1 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,b ! ma/] idea 9 e sy/em is unv>y+1 et]nal1 & x %\ld be /at$1 /udi$1 & grasp$1 be=e any ef=t is made to le>n ! details ( its practical application4 ,a /atem5t ( ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple w be f\nd 9 diff]5t phras+s1 sev]al times 9 ! c\rse ( ?is book1 because x is ess5tial n only to le>n x once1 b to be> x con/antly 9 m9d4 ,any attempt to use ! ,montessori app>atus or sy/em by anyone :o does n fully grasp or is n :olly 9 sympa?y ) its b$-rock idea1 results inevitably 9 a grotesque1 tragic c>icature ( ! me?od1 su* a f>cical spectacle z we n[ see ! attempt to ,*ri/ianize p by =cible baptism to h be54 ,! c5tral idea ( ! ,montessori sy/em1 on :i* e smalle/ bit ( app>atus1 e detail ( te*nic re/s solidly1 is a full recognition ( ! fact t no human be+ c be educat$ by anyone else4 ,he mu/ d x himself or x is nev] done4 ,& ?is is z true at ! age ( ?ree z at ! age ( ?irty2 ev5 tru]1 = ! man ( ?irty is at lea/ z physically /rong z any self-propos$ m5tor is apt to be1 & c fight = 8 own "r to *ew & dige/ 8 own intellectual food4 ,x c be readily se5 h[ ?is dom9at+ idea *anges completely ! old-e/abli%$ conditions 9 ! s*oolroom1 turn+ ! high light f ! tea*] to ! pupil4 ,s9ce ! *ild c really be taught no?+ by ! tea*]1 s9ce he himself mu/ d e scrap ( 8 own le>n+1 x is ^u ! *ild t our att5tion c5t]s4 ,! tea*] %\ld be ! all-wise obs]v] ( 8 natural activity1 giv+ him su* occasional quick1 light-h&$ guidance z he may = a mom5t ne$1 provid+ = him 9 ! %ape ( ! +5i\s ,montessori app>atus /imuli = 8 intellectual life & mat]ials :i* enable him to correct 8 own mi/akes2 b1 by no means1 z has be5 our old-"t notion1 tak+ 8 h& 9 h]s & lead+ him con/antly along a fix$ pa?1 :i* %e or h] p$agogical sup]iors h laid out be=eh&1 & into :i* e *ildi% foot mu/ be ei!r coax$ or co]c$4 ,we h admitt$ ! entire validity ( ?is !ory 9 physical life4 ,we no long] s5d our *ildr5 = _! outdoor ex]cise bidd+ !m walk along ! /reet1 hold+ to ,nurse's h& l little ladies & g5tlem54 ,if we c possibly manage x we turn !m loose ) a s&pile1 a jump+-rope1 hoops1 balls1 bats1 & o!r su* /imuli to _! natural in/9ct = vigor\s body-develop+ ex]cise4 ,& we h a 8sup]visor0 9 our public playgr\nds only to see t *ildr5 are rightly />t$ 9 _! use ( ! diff]5t games1 n at all to play e game ) !m4 ,we d ?is n[adays because we h le>n$ t little *ildr5 are s devot$ to ^? ex]cises :i* t5d to increase _! bodily /r5g? t !y ne$ no urg+ to engage 9 !m4 ,! ,montessori *ild1 analog\sly1 is all[$ & enc\rag$ to let g ! h& ( 8 m5tal nurse1 to walk & run ab\t on 8 own feet1 & an almo/ endless v>iety ( /imuli to 8 natural in/9ct = vigor\s m9d-develop+1 intellectual ex]cise is plac$ )9 8 rea*4 ,! tea*]1 "u ?is sy/em1 is ! sci5tific1 obs]v+ sup]visor ( ?is m5tal 8playgr\nd0 :]e ! *ildr5 acquire intellectual vigor1 indep5d5ce1 & initiative z spontane\sly1 joyfully1 & tirelessly z !y acquire physical indep5d5ce & vigor z a by-product ( physical play4 ,we h long realiz$ t *ildr5 d n ne$ to be driv5 by =ce1 or ev5 p]suad$1 to take ! am\nt ( ex]cise necess>y to develop _! gr[+ bodies4 ,inde$ ! difficulty has be5 to keep !m f do+ x s cont9u\sly z to int]f]e ) our s$5t>y adult occupations & ta/es4 ,we h le>n$ t all we ne$ to d is to provide ! jump+-rope & !n leave ! *ild alone ) o!r *ildr54 ,! mo/ passionately inspir$ p$agogue c nev] le>n to skip rope = a *ild1 any m ?an 9 aft] ye>s he c ev] le>n ! conjugation ( a s+le irregul> v]b = a pupil4 ,! le>n] mu/ d 8 own le>n+1 &1 ?is grant$1 x foll[s naturally t ! less he is int]f]$ ) by arbitr>y re/ra9t & vexati\s1 unnecess>y rules1 ! m quickly & easily he w le>n4 ,an obs]vation ( ! typical1 joyfully busy *ild 9 a ,casa dei ,bamb9i furni%es m ?an suffici5t pro( t he enjoys acquir+ m5tal z well z physical agility & /r5g?1 & asks no?+ bett] ?an a fair & unh9d]$ *ance at ?is und]tak+4 ,b ev5 :5 ?is deep-laid f\ndation pr9ciple ( self-education has be5 grasp$1 all is n pla9 sail+ = ! adv5tur] on ! ,montessori ocean4 ,a set ( !ories relat+ to su* complicat$ organisms z human be+s1 _c 9 ! nature ( ?+s be ( prim]-l simplicity4 ,= my own conv5i5ce ,i v soon made two ma9 divisions ( ! diff]5t bran*es on :i* ! ,montessori sy/em is develop$ out ( its c5tral ma9 idea4 ,"o division1 ! practical1 is made up ( !ories bas$ on acute1 sci5tific k ( ! *ild's body1 8 muscles1 bra91 & n]ves1 su* z only a doctor & a physiological psy*ologi/ comb9$ c h4 ,! second division is made up ( !ories bas$ on ! spiritual nature ( man1 z disclos$ by ! /udy ( hi/ory1 by unbias$ direct obs]vation ( pres5t-day society1 & by t div9+ f]vor ( en?usia/ic rev]5ce = ! elem5t ( p]fectibility 9 human nature :i* has always *>act]iz$ f\nd]s ( new religions4 ,?is *apt] is to be devot$ to ! n>ration ( :at a p]son1 nei!r a doctor nor a physiological psy*ologi/1 0 able to und]/& ( ! fir/ division4 ,i ?9k ! fir/ po9t :i* /ruck me especially 0 ! insi/5ce on ! fact t v little *ildr5 h no great] natural int]e/ ?an 9 le>n+ h[ to d some?+ ) _! bodies4 ,we all "k h[ mu* m fasc9at+ a place our kit*5s seem to be = our little *ildr5 ?an our draw+-rooms4 ,i h he>d ?is inevitable gravitation t[>ds ^? back regions ( ! h\se acc\nt$ = on ! !ory ! 8*ildr5 seem to l s]vants bett] ?an o!r p4 ,!re seems to be "s sort ( natural aff9ity betwe5 a *ild & a cook40 ,"o morn+ sp5t 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i %[$ me ! true reason4 ,*ildr5 l cooks & *amb]-maids bett] ?an call]s 9 ! p>lor1 because s]vants are always do+ some?+ imitable2 & !y l kit*5s & pantries bett] ?an draw+-rooms because ! draw+-room is a museum full ( objects1 int]e/+ x is true1 b inclos$ 9 ! padlock$ glass-case ( ! comm&1 8,n[1 don't t\*60 :ile ! kit*5 is a v]itable treasure-h\se ( ,montessori app>atus4 ,! ?ree-ye>-old *ild :o1 elud+ pursuit f ! front ( ! h\se1 sits d[n on ! kit*5 floor ) a collection ( cookie-cutt]s ( diff]5t %apes 9 8 lap1 & amuses himself by runn+ 8 f+]s ar\nd _! edges1 is engag$ 9 a true 8/]eogno/ic ex]cise0 z x is al>m+ly dubb$ 9 sci5tific nom5clature4 ,if !re is a closet ( pots & pans1 & he has "t be=e he is dragg$ (f to clean clo!s & ! vacuity ( adult-inv5t$ toys1 to fit ! "r cov]s to ! pots & see :i* pan goes inside :i*1 he has gone ?r\gh a 8s5sory ex]cise = develop+ 8 s5se ( dim5sion40 ,if he is /ruck by ! fact t ! package ( oatmeal1 al?\gh s l>ge1 weighs less ?an ! small] bag ( salt1 he has be5 initiat$ into a 8b>ic ex]cise02 :ile if !re are "s ne$les ( ice left on ! floor by a c>eless iceman1 ) ^! & a p]mitt$ dabbl+ 9 w>m di%wat]1 he unconsci\sly inv5ts = himself a 8!rmic ex]cise40 ,if ! cook is indulg5t or too busy to notice1 !re may be add$ to ^! int]e/s ! creative rapture to be evolv$ f a lump ( d\gh1 or a fumbl+ attempt to fa?om ! my/]i\s inw>dness ( a ,dov] egg-beat]4 ,i h he>d x said ( ! ,montessori me?od t a sy/em ( education accompli%$ ) su* simple ev]yday means c\ld sc>cely claim t x is ei!r any?+ new or ! discov]y ( any "o p]son4 ,x seems to me t is ab\t l d5y+ any novelty to ! discov]y t pure air w cure consumption4 ,! pure air has always be5 !re1 consumptives h _h no?+ to d b to brea! x to get well1 b ! doctors :o fir/ drove t fact into our imp]vi\s heads des]ve "s cr$it & c c]ta9ly claim t !y 7 innovators ) _! desc5t ^u ! /uffy sickrooms & _! comm& to op5 ! w9d[s4 ,*ildr5 f "t immemorial h always done _! be/1 /ruggl+ bravely aga9/ ! tyranny ( adult good int5tions1 to educate !mselves by tra9+ _! s5ses 9 all sorts ( s5se ex]cise4 ,!y h always be5 7g5]ations ( exasp]at$ mo!rs c be> witness to x67 8possess$0 to t\* & h&le all objects ab\t !m4 ,:at ,dr4 ,montessori has done is to appe> sudd5ly1 l ! w9d[-break+ doctors1 & to cry to u1 8,let !m d x60 ,or r1 to sugge/ some?+ bett] = !m to t\* & h&le s9ce x is nei!r necess>y nor desirable t "o's ?ree-ye>-old %\ld p]fect 8 s5se ( =m ei!r on "o's *]i%$ ,svres vase or on a m or less greasy cook+ ut5sil4 ,nor has he t p]v]se fondness = ! grease ( ! kettle1 or t wick$ joy 9 ! de/ruction ( valuable bric--brac :i* our muddle-head$ obs]vation has l$ u to attribute to him4 ,^? are m]ely =tuit\s1 & = him negligible1 accompanim5ts to ! process ( le>n+ h[ to di/+ui% accurately diff]5t =ms4 ,dr4 ,montessori assures u1 & proves h] ass]tion1 t 8 sole int]e/ is 9 ! v>y+ %apes ( ! ut5sils he h&les1 & t if he is giv5 clean]1 light] articles ) m int]e/+ %apes1 he requires no urg+ to turn to !m f 8 greasy & heavy pots & pans4 ,be>+ 9 m9d1 !re=e1 ! humble & famili> relatives ( ! ,montessori app>atus to be f\nd 9 our own kit*5s & d9+-rooms1 let u look at x a little m 9 detail4 ,! button+-frames h be5 describ$ 7page #ac74 ,"o's inv5tion c v>y !m ne>ly to inf9ity4 ,9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i !re are ^! frames arrang$ = buttons & buttonholes1 = hooks & eyes1 = lac+s1 pat5t snap-fa/5]s1 ribbon-ends to tie1 etc41 etc4 ,! aim ( ?is ex]cise is s app>5t t x is sc>cely necess>y to m5tion x1 except = ! con/ant temptation ( a *ild-lov] be=e ! ,montessori app>atus to see 9 x only ! mo/ en*ant+ div]sion = a *ild1 :i* amuses him1 ?\gh s simply1 f> m ?an ! mo/ elaborate ( me*anical toys4 ,b1 & "h is :]e our wool-ga!r+ wits mu/ le>n a lesson f purposeful =e?\ght3 we %\ld nev] =get t !re is no smalle/ item 9 ! ,montessori tra9+ :i* is int5d$ m]ely to amuse ! *ild4 ,he is giv5 ^! button+-frames n because !y fasc9ate him & keep him out ( mis*ief1 b because !y help him to le>n to h&le1 m rapidly ?an he o!rwise w\ld1 ! v>i\s devices by :i* 8 clo!s & %oes are held toge!r1 on 8 little body4 ,z = ! pr(\nd & vitally important reason :y he %\ld be taught & all[$ z soon z possible to dress himself1 t w be treat$ 9 ! discussion ( ! philosophical side ( ?is baby-tra9+ 7page #abi ff474 ,x is app>5t1 ( c\rse1 t ! bl9dfold$ *ild :o 0 id5tify+ ! pieces ( diff]5t fabrics 0 tra9+ 8 s5se ( t\*4 ,! sight ( ?is ex]cise rem9ds ! av]age p]son ) a />t ( surprise t he too 0 born ) a s5se ( t\* :i* might h be5 cultivat$ if anyone _h ?\ght ( x2 = mo/ ( u1 by ! enormity ( our neglect ( our five s5ses1 r$uce !m1 = all practical purposes to two1 sight & he>+1 & di/ru/ any in=mation :i* comes to u by o!r means4 ,our complac5cy "u ?is self-impos$ deprivation is a/oni%+4 ,x is z if a man %\ld we> a pat* ov] "o eye because he is able to see ) "o & ?9ks x n wor? :ile to use two4 ,n[1 x is app>5t t our five s5ses are our only means ( convey+ in=mation to our bra9s ab\t ! ext]nal _w :i* surr\nds u1 & x is equally app>5t t to act wisely & surely 9 ! _w1 ! bra9 has ne$ ( ! fulle/ & mo/ accurate in=mation possible4 ,h5ce x is a =egone conclusion1 once we ?9k ( x at all1 t ! education ( all ! s5ses ( a *ild to rapidity1 agility1 & exactitude is ( great importance1 n at all = ! sake ( ! in=mation acquir$ at ! "t by ! *ild1 b = ! sake ( ! five1 f9ely accurate in/rum5ts :i* ?is education puts "u 8 control4 ,! *ild :o 0 id5tify+ ! diff]5t fabrics 0 bl9dfold$ to help him conc5trate 8 s5se ( t\* on ! problem & n aid ?is s5se or mislead x1 z we (t5 d1 ) 8 sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,practical ,,life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ 8,,! ,,t[]40 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,x may be well "h to set d[n a few facts ab\t ! relative positions ( ! s5ses ( t\* & ( sight1 facts :i* are n kn[n to _m ( u1 & ! importance ( :i* is n realiz$ by _m :o happ5 to "k !m4 ,ev]yone kn[s1 to beg9 )1 t a new-born baby's eyes1 :ile physically p]fect1 are practically useless1 & t ! ability to see ) !m accurately comes v gradually4 ,x seems t x comes mu* m gradually ?an ! p usually 9 *>ge ( little *ildr5 h ev] kn[n1 & t1 r\ghly speak+1 up to ! age ( six1 *ildr5 ne$ to h _! vision re9=c$ by t\* if1 )\t great m5tal fatigue1 !y are to get an accurate conception ( ! objects ab\t !m4 ,x appe>s fur!rmore t1 z if 9 comp5sation = ?is sl[ developm5t ( vision1 ! s5se ( t\* is extraord9>ily develop$ 9 "y *ildr54 ,9 %ort1 t ! natural way = little ones to le>n ab\t ?+s is to t\* !m4 ,dr4 ,montessori f\nd t ! f+]-tips ( little *ildr5 are extremely s5sitive1 & %e claims t !re is no necessity1 grant$ prop] tra9+1 :y ?is valuable faculty1 only reta9$ by mo/ adults 9 ! ev5t ( bl9dness1 %\ld be lo/ s completely 9 lat] life4 ,n[ x is pla9 to be se5 t we adults1 ) our fix$ habit ( le>n+ ab\t ?+s f look+ at !m1 h1 9 neglect+ ?is means ( approa* to ! *ild-bra91 be5 los+ a gold5 opportunity4 ,if *ildr5 le>n m quickly & ) less fatigue ?r\gh _! f+]s ?an ?r\gh _! eyes1 :y n take advantage ( ?is peculi>ity--a peculi>ity :i* ext5ds ev5 m vividly to *ild-memory1 = x is e/abli%$ beyond "q t a little *ild c rememb] ! 8feel0 ( a giv5 object mu* m accurately & quickly ?an ! look ( x4 ,x is easy to und]/&1 once ?is explanation is giv51 ! great /ress t is laid1 9 ,montessori tra9+1 on ! diff]5t ex]cises = develop+ & utiliz+ ! s5se ( t\*4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s a *ild j admitt$ to a ,casa dei ,bamb9i is taught is to keep 8 h&s scrupul\sly clean1 because we c 8t\* ?+s bett]0 ) clean f+]-tips ?an ) dirty ones4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 he is all[$ to take ! responsibility ( keep+ 8 own h&s clean1 & enc\rag$ to d x by ! pres5ce ( ! little da9ty wa%/&s1 j ! "r height = him1 suppli$ ) b[l1 pit*]1 etc41 j ! "r size = him to h&le4 ,! joy ( ! *ildr5 9 ^! simple little wa%/&s1 & _! deft1 delight$1 frequ5t use ( !m is a reproa* to u = n furni%+ su* an easily secur$ amelioration 9 ! life ( e "o ( our babies4 ,! education ( ! s5se ( t\*1 l all ! ,montessori ex]cises = ! s5ses1 beg9s ) a few simple & /rongly contra/+ s5sations & proce$s little by little1 to _m only v slightly diff]+ s5sations1 foll[+ ! gr[? ( ! *ild's ability to diff]5tiate4 ,! *ild ) clean f+]-tips beg9s1 !re=e1 ) ! fir/ broad di/9ction betwe5 r\gh & smoo?4 ,he is taught to pass 8 f+]-tips lightly1 fir/ ov] a piece ( s&pap]1 & !n ov] a piece ( smoo?ly poli%$ wood1 or glossy enamel$ pap]1 & is told briefly1 lit]ally 9 two words1 ! two names ( ^? two ab/ract qualities4 ,"h1 9 pass+1 ) ! fir/ m5tion ( ?is sort ( ex]cise1 x %\ld be /at$ t ! *ildr5 are taught to make ^! movem5ts ( ! h& & all o!rs l !m always f left to "r1 s t a muscul> habit w be e/abli%$ :i* w aid !m greatly lat] :5 !y come to 8feel0 _! lett]s1 :i* are1 ( c\rse1 always writt5 f left to "r4 ,! *ildr5 are enc\rag$ to keep _! eyes clos$ :ile !y are 8t\*+0 ?+s1 because !y c conc5trate _! att5tion 9 ?is way4 ,& "h ano!r g5]al obs]vation %\ld be made3 t 9 ! ,montessori language 8t\*+0 does n mean ! brief haphaz>d contact ( h& ) object :i* we usually mean1 b a sy/ematic exam9ation ( an object by ! f+]-tips su* z a bl9d p]son might make4 ,aft] ! fir/ broad di/9ction is le>n$ betwe5 r\gh & smoo?1 !re are !n to be conqu]$ all ! int]v5+ %ades & ref9em5ts ( ^? qualities4 ,! *ildr5 take ! greate/ delight 9 ^! ex]cises & almo/ at once beg9 to inv5t new ones = !mselves1 8feel+0 :atev] mat]ials are ne> !m & giv+ !m _! prop] names1 or ask+ :at _! names are4 ,x is z if _! little m9ds 7 sudd5ly op5$1 z our dully p]ceptive adult m9ds seldom are1 to ! inf9ite v>iety ( surfaces 9 ! _w4 ,!y notice ! mat]ials ( _! own dresses1 ! /uffs us$ 9 uphol/]+ furniture1 curta9s1 dress fabrics1 wood1 smoo? & r\gh1 /eel1 glass1 etc41 etc41 ) exquisitely fairy-light /rokes ( _! s5sitive little f+]-tips1 :i* seem almo/ visibly to gr[ m discrim9at+4 ,! 8te*nical app>atus0 = cont9u+ ?is tra9+ is v>i$1 b always simple4 ,a collection ( slips ( s&pap] ( v>y+ r\ghness to be plac$ 9 ord] f f9e to co>se by ! *ild 7bl9dfold$ or n1 z he seems to pref]72 o!r collections ( bits ( fabrics ( all sorts to be id5tifi$ by t\* only2 ( slips ( c>dbo>d1 enamel$ or r\gh2 blott+-pap]1 writ+-pap]1 newspap]1 etc41 etc42 ( objects ( diff]5t %apes1 cubes1 pyramids1 balls1 cyl9d]s1 etc41 = ! bl9dfold$ *ild to id5tify2 lat] on ( v small objects l se$s ( diff]5t %apes or sizes2 f9ally1 ( any objects :i* ! *ild kn[s by sight1 8 play?+s1 articles ar\nd ! h\se1 to be recogniz$ by 8 t\* only4 ,!re is "o result on ! *ild's "* ( ?is sort ( ex]cise :i* ,dr4 ,montessori does n specifically m5tion b :i* has /ruck me =cibly 9 practical exp]im5tation ) x4 ,i h f\nd t little h&s & f+]s tra9$ by ^! fasc9at+ 8games0 to light1 att5tive1 discrim9at+1 & unhurri$ h&l+ ( objects1 lose v quickly t in/9ctive *ildi%1 viol5t b v unc]ta9 clut* at ?+s1 :i* has be5 = s _m g5]ations ! cause ( s mu* deva/ation 9 ! nurs]y4 ,little tots ( f\r1 tra9$ 9 ?is way1 c be tru/$ ) glassw>e & o!r breakable objects1 :i* w\ld g d[n to c]ta9 de/ruction 9 ! fitfully gov]n$ h&s ( ! av]age undiscipl9$ *ild ( twelve4 ,9 o!r words ! *ild ( f\r has fitt$ himself by means ( a highly enjoyable process to be1 9 "o m respect1 an indep5d5t1 self-respect+1 tru/wor?y citiz5 ( 8 _w4 ,( c\rse all ^! diff]5t ex]cises are mu* m ent]ta9+ :51 l o!r fun-produc+ 8games10 !y are 8play$0 ) a cr[d ( o!r *ildr54 ,:5 "o *ild ( a gr\p is bl9dfold$1 & z our ,am]ican *ildr5 say 8,x10 :ile ! o!rs sit ab\t1 wat*+ 8 id5tification ( m & m difficult objects1 ready1 all ( !m1 = a %\t ( applause at a success1 or at a failure = an in/ant laugh+ p\nce on ! covet$ bl9dfold & application ( x to ! *ild next 9 ord]1 ( c\rse !re is mu* m jolly laught]1 ! int]e/ is ke5]1 & ! att5tion m conc5trat$ by ! contact ) o!r wits1 ?an c be ! case ) a s+le *ild1 ev5 ) an audi5ce ( ! mo/ sympa!tic "m or aunt4 ,!re is absolutely no adequate sub/itute = ! b5eficial action & reaction ( *ildr5 ^u "o ano!r su* z =m su* a consid]able "p ( ! ,montessori tra9+ 9 a ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? ( u :o live1 z we almo/ all d1 f> f any v>iety ( a ,montessori s*ool1 c1 ) ! ex]cise ( our +5uity & "m-wit1 arrange a great numb] ( m or less adequate tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! ,montessori devices1 if !y 7 n call$ 8s5sory ex]cises10 w\ld be recogniz$ z m]ely fasc9at+ new games = *ildr54 ,:at is bl9d-man's buff b a 8s5sory ex]cise = tra9+ ! e>10 s9ce :at ! p]son :o is 8,x0 does is to try to cat* ! slight movem5ts made by ! o!r play]s accurately en\gh to pursue & capture !m8 ,*ildr5 h ano!r game call$1 = "s my/]i\s reason ( *ildhood1 8,/ill pond1 no m mov+60 a v>iety ( bl9d-man's buff1 :i* tra9s /ill m f9ely ! s5se ( he>+1 s9ce ! play]s are requir$ to /& p]fectly /ill1 & ! "o :o is 8,x0 mu/ detect _! pres5ce by su* almo/ imp]ceptible s\nds z _! brea?+1 or ! ru/l+ caus$ by an involunt>y movem5t4 ,if ,montessori h]self _h inv5t$ ?is game1 x c\ld n be m p]fectly devis$ = bodily control4 ,*ildr5 :o wriggle ab\t 9 ord9>y circum/ances )\t ! slighte/ capacity to control _! bodies1 ev5 9 response to ! /]ne/ adult comm&s = quiet1 w /& 9 "s /ra9$ position )\t mov+ a f+]1 _! conc5tration s int5se t ev5 _! brea?+ is light & inaudible4 ,we mu/ all h se5 *ildr5 happily play+ su* games2 _m ( u h sp5t h\rs & h\rs ( our *ildhood ov] !m2 ,froebel us$ !m & o!rs l !m pl5tifully 9 8 sy/em2 !re are all sorts ( m or less hit-or-miss imitations ( !m be+ con/ruct$ by mod]n *ild-tam]s2 b no "o be=e ?is ,italian woman-doctor ev] analyz$ !m s t we pla9 unpr(essional p c\ld fully grasp _! fasc9ation = u2 ev] told u t *ildr5 l !m because !y af=d an opportunity to practise self-control1 & t simil> games bas$ on ! same idea t x is 8fun0 to ex]cise "o's diff]5t s5ses 9 company or 9 competition ) "o's y\?ful contempor>ies1 w\ld be j z ent]ta9+ z ^! self-inv5t$ games1 h&$ d[n = untold g5]ations f "o set ( *ildr5 to ano!r4 ,all ! v>ieties ( bl9dfold s5sory ex]cises are v>iations on ! !me ( bl9d-man's buff1 :i* is s p]5nially int]e/+ to all *ildr54 ,any small gr\p ( "y *ildr51 two or ?ree little neighbors come 9 to play1 w ) a little guidance at fir/ readily 8play0 any ( ! 8tactile ex]cises0 describ$ above 7pages #fj1 #fa7 = h\rs on end1 in/ead ( wrangl+ ab\t ! rock+-horse--a toy inv5t$ = solit>y or semi-solit>y consumption4 ,any gr\p ( *ildr51 collect$ any:]e = ev] s %ort a "t1 c be conv]t$ into a half-h\r's ,montessori s*ool1 ?\gh z a rule ! y\ng] !y are ! bett] mat]ial !y are1 s9ce !y h n fall5 into bad m5tal habits4 ,! v>i\s ex]cises or 8games0 = ex]cis+ ! s5se ( t\*1 al?\gh n describ$ "h 9 all ! detail ( _! elaboration 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 c be elaborat$ f ^! sugge/ions z "o's own1 or :at is m likely1 ! *ildr5's inv5tiv5ess may make possible4 ,! def9ite education ( ta/e & smell has n be5 v mu* develop$ by ,dr4 ,montessori1 al?\gh simple ex]cises h be5 successfully devis$1 su* z dropp+ on ! tongue t9y p>ticles ( sub/ances1 sweet1 s\r1 salt1 bitt]1 etc41 hav+ ! *ild r9se 8 m\? out c>efully betwe5 ea* te/4 ,simil> ex]cises ) diff]5t-smell+ sub/ances c be und]tak5 ) bl9dfold$ *ildr51 ask+ !m to guess :at !y are smell+4 ,dr4 ,montessori lays no great /ress on ?is1 h[ev]1 z ! s5se ( smell ) *ildr5 is n highly develop$4 ,practice 9 judg+ weight is giv5 by ! use ( pieces ( wood ( ! same size b ( diff]5t weights1 *e/nut contra/$ ) oak1 popl>-wood ) maple1 etc41 etc41 ! *ild le>n+ by slightly lift+ !m up & d[n on ! palm ( 8 h&4 ,lat] on ?is c be v>i$ by ! use ( any objects ( ab\t ! same size b ( diff]5t weights1 & lat] /ill by s+le objects ( weights disproportionate to _! size1 su* z a bit ( lead or a small pill[4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! c>efully devis$ ex]cises & ! haphaz>d1 almo/ unconsci\s comp>ison by ! *ild 9 ! kit*5 ( ! bag ( salt & ! box ( oatmeal1 is a v good example ( ! way 9 :i* ,dr4 ,montessori has sy/ematiz$ & ord]$1 grad$ & arrang$ ! ex]cises :i* e *ild in/9ctively craves4 ,! av]age "m1 ) leisure to devote to h] mu*-lov$ *ild1 calls him away f ! pantry-%elf :]e he may upset ! oatmeal box or spill ! salt1 ?us 8gett+ into mis*ief10 & leads him1 ) mi/ak5 affection1 back to 8 toy animals4 ,! lucki] *ild ( a poor]1 busi]1 or m indiff]5t "m is all[$ to 8mess ar\nd0 9 ! kit*5 until he makes himself too intol]able a nuisance4 ,he goes ?r\gh 9 ?is way _m valuable s5se ex]cises1 b he wa/es a great deal ( 8 "t 9 misdirect$ & futile ef=t1 & does1 z a matt] ( fact1 make a great deal ( tr\ble = 8 eld]s :i* is n at all a necess>y accompanim5t to 8 own life1 lib]ty1 or pursuit ( in=mation4 ,dr4 ,montessori has nei!r l$ ! *ild away f 8 in/9ctively *os5 occupations1 nor left him 9 ! /ate ( an>*ic *aos result+ f 8 natural inability to *oose1 among ! bewild]+ v>iety ( objects 9 ! _w1 ^? :i* are be/ suit$ = 8 self-developm5t4 ,%e has1 s to speak1 tak5 out into ! kit*51 beside ! *ild1 busy ) 8 self-*os5 amusem5ts1 h] highly tra9$ bra91 /or$ ) p]t95t sci5tific in=mation1 & %e has look$ at him long & h>d4 ,z a result %e is able to %[ u1 :at our own blurr$ obs]vation nev] w\ld h di/+ui%$1 j :i* elem5ts1 9 ! het]og5e\s mass ( 8 naturally pref]r$ toys1 are ! elem5ts t[>ds :i* ! t5drils ( 8 rapidly-gr[+ intellectual & muscul> organism are rea*+4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,re/ ,,( ,,! ,,app>atus ,,& ,,! ,,me?od ,,= ,,writ+ ,,& ,,read+ ,! c>efully grad$ advance1 f ! simpl] to ! h>d] ex]cises1 :i* is s ess5tial a "p ( ! correct use ( ! ,montessori1 z ( all o!r educational app>atus1 seems to mo/ mo!rs contemplat+ ! use ( ! sy/em1 a v difficult feature4 8,h[ am ,i to "k80 !y ask4 8,:i* ex]cise is ! be/ "o to (f] a *ild to beg9 )1 h[ c ,i tell :5 he has suffici5tly ma/]$ t s t ano!r is ne$$1 & h[ %all ,i select ! "r "o to g on )80 ,p]haps ! fir/ answ] to make to ^! que/ions is ! "o :i* s (t5 successfully solves ,montessori problems3 8,h a little m tru/ 9 y\r *ild's natural in/9cts4 ,don't ?9k t a s+le mi/ake on y\r "p w be fatal4 ,x w n hurt him if y happ5 to sugge/ ! wrong ?+1 if y d n insi/ on x1 =1 left freely to himself1 he w n pay ! lea/ att5tion to any?+ t is n suitable = him4 ,give him opportunity = p]fectly free action1 & !n wat* him c>efully40 ,if he %[s a lively spontane\s int]e/ 9 a ,montessori problem1 & devotes himself to solv+ x1 y may be sure t y h hit ^u some?+ :i* suits 8 degree ( developm5t4 ,if he goes ?r\gh ) x r easily &1 p]haps1 li/lessly1 & ne$s y\r rem9d] to keep 8 att5tion on x1 9 all probability x is too easy2 he has outgr[n x1 he no long] c>es to occupy himself ) x1 j z y no long] c>e to jump rope1 ?\gh t may h be5 a passion ) y at ! age ( eight4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he seems di/ress$ at ! difficulties be=e him1 & calls repeat$ly = help & explanation1 "o ( ?ree conditions is pres5t4 ,ei!r ! ex]cise is too h>d = him1 or he has acquir$ already ! bad habit ( dep5d5ce on o!rs1 9 bo? ( :i* cases he ne$s an easi] ex]cise2 or1 la/ly1 he has simply _h en\gh =mal 8s5sory ex]cises0 = a :ile4 ,x is ! mo/ mi/ak5 notion ab\t ! ,montessori ,*ildr5's ,home to conceive t ! *ildr5 are occupi$ f morn+ till night ov] ! app>atus ( h] =mal in/ruction4 ,!y use x exactly z long1 or z (t51 or z seldom1 z !y please1 j z a *ild 9 an ord9>y nurs]y uses 8 ord9>y toys4 ,x mu/ be kept con/antly 9 m9d t ! wond]ful successes atta9$ by ! ,montessori s*ools 9 ,rome _c be repeat$ by ! m]e repetition ( s5sory ex]cises1 ?ru/ spasmodically into ! mid/ ( ano!r sy/em1 or lack ( sy/em1 9 *ild-tra9+4 ,! ,italian *ildr5 ( five or six1 :o h _h two or ?ree ye>s ( ,montessori discipl9e1 & :o are su* m>vels ( sweet1 reasonable self-control1 :o gov]n _! own lives s sanely1 :o h accompli%$ su* a/oni%+ feats 9 read+ & writ+1 are ! results ( _m o!r factors besides button+-frames & geometric insets1 important z ^! are4 ,illu/ration3 ,,button+-,,frames ,,to ,,develop ,,co-,,ord9at$ ,,movem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,prep>e ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,= ,,ex]cises ,,( ,,practical ,,life4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,p]haps ! mo/ vital ( ^! o!r factors is ! s5se ( responsibility1 g5u9e responsibility1 n ! make-believe k9d1 ) :i* we are too (t5 apt to put (f our *ildr5 :5 !y fir/ %[ _! t\*+ly g5]\s impulse to %>e "s ( ! burd5s ( our lives4 ,= in/ance1 to take a r extreme in/ance1 b "o :i* we mu/ all h se51 a *ild 9 an ord9>y home is all[$ to pick up a bit ( wa/e-pap] on ! floor1 aft] hav+ _h 8 att5tion call$ to x1 & is told to ?r[ x 9 ! wa/e-pap] basket4 ,?is action ( me*anical ob$i5ce1 suitable only = a *ild "u two ye>s ( age1 is !n prais$ ins9c]ely to ! *ild's face z an in/ance ( 8h[ mu* help he is to ,"m60 ,! ,montessori *ild is tra9$1 ?r\gh 8 feel+ ( responsibility = ! neatness & ord] ( 8 s*oolroom1 to notice litt] on ! floor1 j z any h\sekeep] does1 )\t ne$+ to h h] att5tion call$ to x4 ,x is h] floor & h] bus9ess to keep x clean4 ,& ?is feel+ ( responsibility is fo/]$ & all[$ e opportunity to gr[ /rong1 by ! s9c]e conviction ( ! ,montessori tea*] t x is m important = ! *ild to feel x1 ?an = ! floor to be clean$ ) adult spe$4 ,z a result ( ?is long pati5ce on ! "p ( ! ,directress1 a *ild :o has be5 "u h] c>e = a c\ple ( ye>s1 w 7to g on ) our *os5 in/ance7 pick up litt] f ! floor & dispose ( x1 z automatically z ! mi/ress ( ! h\se h]self1 & ) z little ne$ = ! goad ei!r ( upbraid+ = neglect1 or praise incomm5surate ) ! trivial s]vice4 ,?is is an attitude 9 m>k$ contra/ to t ( _m ( our daught]s :o (t5 atta9 high-s*ool age )\t acquir+ ?is feel+1 app>5tly p]fectly possible to inculcate if ! process is begun e>ly en\gh1 ( loyal solid>ity ) ! int]e/s ( ! h\sehold4 ,) ?is caution t a ,montessori life = a little *ild does n 9 ! lea/ mean 8 incessant occupation ) =mal s5sory ex]cises1 let u aga9 take up ! description & use ( ! app>atus4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* is giv5 a *ild is usually ei!r "o ( ! button+-frames 7%[n 9 ! illu/ration fac+ page #fh71 or :at are call$ ! 8solid geometric insets40 ,?is latt] game ) ! =midable "n is illu/rat$ opposite ?is page1 :]e x is se5 to resemble ! set ( weights kept beside _! scales by old-fa%ion$ druggi/s4 ,no o!r ,montessori ex]cise is m univ]sally popul> ) ! little/ ones :o ent] ! ,*ildr5's ,home1 & few o!rs hold _! att5tion s long4 ,?is comb9es tra9+ = bo? sight & t\*1 s9ce1 z an aid to 8 vision1 ! *ild is taught to run 8 f+]-tips ar\nd ! cyl9d] :i* he is try+ to fit 91 & !n ar\nd ! edges ( ! holes4 ,8 f+]-tips recognize ! simil>ity ( size be=e 8 eyes d4 ,?is piece ( app>atus is1 ( c\rse1 entirely self-corrective1 & ne$s no sup]vision4 ,:5 x becomes easy = a *ild quickly to get all ! cyl9d]s into ! "r holes1 he has probably _h en\gh ( ?is ex]cise1 al?\gh 8 int]e/ 9 x may recur f "t to "t1 dur+ _m weeks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,solid ,,geometrical ,,insets4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,"o ( ! ex]cises :i* x is usual to (f] him next is ! con/ruction ( ! ,t[]4 ,?is game c\ld be play$ 7& (t5 is7 ) ! ne/ ( holl[ blocks :i* ne>ly e *ild owns1 & x consi/s ( build+ a pyramid ) !m1 ! bigge/ at ! bottom1 ! next small] on ?is1 & s on to ! apex made by ! t9ie/ "o4 ,?is is to le>n ! diff]5ce betwe5 big & small2 & z ! *ild progresses 9 exactitude ( vision1 ! game c be v>i$ by pil+ ! blocks 9 confusion at "o side ( ! room & con/ruct+ ! pyramid1 a piece at a "t1 at "s di/ance away4 ,?is means t :5 ! *ild leaves 8 pyramid to g & get ! block ne$$ next1 he mu/ 8c>ry ! size 9 8 eye0 z ! phrase runs1 & pick out ! block next small] by an ef=t ( 8 visual memory4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 long & %ort is taught by means ( t5 squ>$ rods ( equal ?ickness1 b regul>ly v>y+ l5g?1 ! %orte/ "o be+ j "o-t5? z long z ! longe/4 ,! s-call$ ,long ,/air 7illu/ration fac+ page #gd7 is con/ruct$ by ! *ild ) ^!4 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ difficult game among ^? by :i* dim5sions are taught1 & a good _m mi/akes are to be anticipat$4 ,! mat]ial is aga9 q self-corrective1 h[ev]1 & little by little1 ) occasional sil5t or brief rem9d]s f ! adult onlook]1 ! *ild le>ns fir/ to correct 8 own mi/akes1 & !n n to make !m4 ,?ickness & ?9ness are /udi$ ) t5 solids1 brick-l 9 %ape1 all ( ! same l5g?1 b ( regul>ly v>y+ ?ickness1 ! ?9ne/ "o be+ "o-t5? z ?ick z ! bigge/ "o4 ,) ^! ! *ild con/ructs ! ,big ,/air 7illu/ration fac+ page #gd74 ,lat] on 7consid]ably lat]71 :5 ! *ild beg9s to le>n 8 numb]s1 ^! 8/airs0 are us$ to help him4 ,! l>ge numb]s cut out ( s&pap] & pa/$ on smoo? c>dbo>d1 are plac$ by ! *ild beside ! "r numb] ( r$ & blue sections on ea* rod ( ! ,long ,/air4 ,aft] ! con/ruction ( ! ,long & ,big ,/air ! *ild is usually ready = ! ex]cises ) diff]5t fabrics to develop 8 s5se ( t\*1 & = ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ! ex]cises lead+ to writ+2 especially ! /rips ( s&pap] pa/$ ^u smoo? wood us$ to tea* ! diff]5ce betwe5 r\gh & smoo?4 ,at ! same "t ) ^! ex]cises1 beg9 ! fir/ ones ) color :i* consi/ ( simply mat*+ spools ( id5tical color1 two by two4 ,:5 ^! simple ex]cises ( ! tactile s5se h be5 ma/]$1 ! *ild is all[$ to attempt ! m difficult und]tak+ ( recogniz+ all ! m9ute gradations betwe5 smoo? & r\gh1 betwe5 d>k blue & light blue1 etc41 etc4 ,! tra9+ ( ! eye to discrim9ate betwe5 m9ute diff]5ces 9 %ades1 is c>ri$ on /eadily 9 a s]ies ( ex]cises :i* result 9 an accuracy ( vision 9 ?is reg>d :i* puts mo/ ( u adults to %ame4 ,^! color-games are play$ ) silk w\nd ar\nd flat c>ds1 l ^? on :i* we (t5 buy our d>n+-cotton4 ,!re are eight ma9 colors1 & "u ea* color eight %ades1 rang+ f d>k to light4 ,! numb] ( games :i* c be play$ ) ^! is only limit$ by ! +5uity ( ! ,directress or "m1 &1 al?\gh mo/ ( !m are play$ m easily ) a numb] ( *ildr5 toge!r1 _m are q available = ! solit>y 8only *ild at home40 ,he c amuse himself by arrang+ 8 sixty-f\r bobb9s 9 ! correct ord] ( _! colors1 or he c lat]1 z 9 ! pyramid-mak+ game1 pile !m all on "o side ( ! room1 & make 8 graduat$ l9e at a di/ance1 8hold+ ! color0 9 8 m9d z he crosses ! room1 a feat :i* almo/ no untra9$ adult c accompli%2 al?\gh x is surpris+ :at results c be obta9$ any "t 9 life by consci\s1 def9ite ef=t to tra9 "o ( ! s5ses4 ,!re is no?+ miracul\s 9 ! results obta9$ 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,!y are ! simple1 natural consequ5ce ( def9ite1 direct tra9+1 :i* is s seldom giv54 ,! rem>kable improvem5t 9 g5]al acut5ess ( 8 vision aft] tra9+ 8 eyes to foll[ ! flight ( bees1 has be5 picturesquely & vigor\sly record$ by ,john ,burr\ghs2 & all ( u "k h[ _m m *e/nuts we c see & pick up 9 a giv5 "t1 aft] a few h\rs' conc5tration on ?is ex]cise1 ?an :5 we fir/ began to look = !m 9 ! grass4 ,! color-games play$ by a numb] ( *ildr5 toge!r ) ! diff]5t-color$ spools are v>i\s1 b resemble m or less ! old-fa%ion$ game ( au?ors4 ,"o ( !m is play$ ?us4 ,eight *ildr5 *oose ea* ! "n ( a color4 ,!n ! sixty-f\r spools are p\r$ out 9 confusion on ! table ar\nd :i* ! *ildr5 sit4 ,"o ( !m 7! elde/ or "o *os5 by lot7 beg9s to deal out to ! o!rs 9 turn4 ,t is1 ! "o on 8 "r ask+ = r$1 ! deal] mu/ quickly *oose a spool ( ! "r color & h& x to 8 neighbor4 ,!n ! *ild beyond asks = blue1 & s x goes until ! deal] makes a mi/ake4 ,:5 he does1 ! deal goes to ! *ild next him4 ,aft] e *ild has be=e him 9 a mix$ pile ! eight %ades ( 8 *os5 color1 !y all set to "w z fa/ z !y c to see :o c soone/ arrange !m 9 ! "r *romatic ord]4 ,! *ild :o does ?is fir/ has 8won0 ! game1 & is ! "o :o deals fir/ 9 ! next game4 ,*ildr5 ( ab\t ! same age & ability repeat ?is game ) ! monoton\sly et]nal vivid int]e/ :i* *>act]izes an old-e/abli%$ qu>tet ( :i/-play]s1 & !y atta91 by means ( x & simil> games ) ! color spools1 a control ( _! eyes :i* is a m>vel & :i* mu/ =ev] add to ! accuracy ( _! impressions ab\t ! _w4 ,:5 a g5]ation ( *ildr5 tra9$ 9 ?is mann] has gr[n up1 l&scape pa9t]s w no long] be able to compla91 z !y d n[1 t !y are work+ = a purbl9d public4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,broad ,,/air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,long ,,/air4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,we are n[ approa*+ at la/ ! extremely important & hi!rto undescrib$ 8geometric insets10 ^: my/]i\s "n has piqu$ ! curiosity ( m ?an "o casual & ha/y read] ( acc\nts ( ! ,montessori sy/em4 ,a look at ! pictures ( ^! %[s !m to be z simple z all ! re/ ( ,dr4 ,montessori's exp$i5ts4 ,anyone :o 0 ev] t\*$ by ! picture-puzzle craze1 or :o 9 8 *ildhood felt ! fasc9ation ( dissect$ maps1 ne$s no explanation ( ! pleasure tak5 by little *ildr5 ( f\r & five 9 fitt+ ^! que]-%ap$ bits ( wood into _! correspond+ sockets1 ! squ>e piece into ! squ>e socket1 ! triangle into ! ?ree-corn]$ hole1 ! f\r-leaf$ clov] %ape into ! f\r-lob$ recess4 ,!re c be no bett] description ( ! way 9 :i* a *ild is initiat$ into ! use ( ?is piece ( app>atus ?an ! "o writt5 by ,miss ,tozi] = ,mc,clure's ,magaz9e3 8,a small boy ( ! mature age ( f\r1 :o has be5 sitt+ plung$ ei!r 9 sleep or m$itation1 n[ />ts up f 8 *air & w&]s across to 8 directress = advice4 ,he wants some?+ to amuse him4 ,%e takes him to ! cupbo>d1 ?r[s 9 a timely sugge/ion1 & he /rolls back to 8 table ) a smile4 ,he has *os5 half a doz5 or m ?91 squ>e tablets ( wood & a /rip ( navy-blue clo?4 ,he beg9s by spread+ d[n ! clo?1 !n he puts 8 blocks on x 9 two r[s4 ,!y are ( highly-v>ni%$ wood1 light blue1 ) geometrical figures ( navy-blue 9 ! c5tre2 !re is a triangle1 a circle1 a rectangle1 an oval1 a squ>e1 an octagon4 ,! tea*]1 :o has foll[$ him1 /&s on ! o!r side ( ! table4 ,%e runs two ( h] f+]s r\nd "o ( ! edges ( ! triangle4 #8,t\* x s1' %e says4 ,he promptly & delight$ly imitates h]4 ,%e !n pulls all ! figures out ( _! light-blue frames by means ( a brass button 9 ea*1 mixes !m up on ! table2 & tells him to call h] :5 he has !m all 9 place aga94 ,! d>k-blue clo? %[s ?r\gh ! empty frame1 s t x appe>s z if ! figures _h only sank d[n half an in*4 ,:ile he cont9ues to />e at ?is array1 (f goes ! tea*]4 8#8,is %e n go+ to %[ him h[ to beg98' 8#8,an axiom ( our practical p$agogy is to aid ! *ild only to be indep5d5t1' answ]s ,dr4 ,montessori4 #8,he does n wi% help4' 8,nor does he seem to be tr\bl$4 ,he />es a :ile at 8 array ( blocks2 yet 8 eye does n gr[ q sure1 = he c>efully selects an oval f ! mix$-up pile & tries to put x 9 ! circle4 ,x won't g4 ,!n1 quick z a fla%1 z if subconsci\sly r ?an design$ly1 he runs 8 little =ef+] ar\nd ! rim ( ! figure & !n r\nd ! edge ( ! empty space left 9 ! light-blue frames ( bo? ! oval & ! circle4 ,he discov]s 8 mi/ake at once1 puts ! figure into its place1 & leans back a mom5t 9 8 *air to enjoy 8 own clev]ness be=e beg9n+ ) ano!r4 ,he f9ally gets !m all into _! prop] frames1 & in/antly pulls !m out aga91 to d x quick] & bett] next "t4 8,^! blocks ) ! geometric insets are among ! mo/ valuable /imuli 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,! vision & ! t\* become1 by _! use1 accu/om$ to a great v>iety ( %apes4 ,x w be not$1 too1 t ! *ild appreh5ds ! =ms syn!tically1 z giv5 entities1 & is n taught to recognize !m by aid ( ev5 ! simple/ geometrical analysis4 ,?is is a po9t on :i* ,dr4 ,montessori lays p>ticul> /ress40 ,n[ x is to be borne 9 m9d t al?\gh1 = ! *ildr51 ?is is only a 8game10 z fasc9at+ to !m z ! picture-puzzle is to _! eld]s1 _! f>-see+ tea*] is utiliz+ x1 f> cry ?\gh x may seem1 to beg9 to tea* !m to write4 ,& "h ,i realize t ,i h at la/ writt5 a phrase = :i* my bewild]$ read] has probably be5 wait+ 9 an a/oni%$ impati5ce4 ,= ( all ! pr(\nd1 se>*+1 reg5]at+ effects ( ! ,montessori sy/em1 none seems to h made an impression on ! public l ! fact1 almo/ a by-product ( ! me?od1 t ,montessori *ildr5 le>n to write & read m easily ?an o!rs4 ,i h he>d ,dr4 ,montessori exclaim 9 wond] _m times ov] ! popul> insi/5ce on t int]e/+ & important1 b by no means c5tral1 detail ( h] "w2 z ?\gh read+ & writ+ 7 our only functions 9 life1 z ?\gh we c\ld get in=mation & education only f ! pr9t$ page1 a prop :i* is already1 9 ! op9ion ( _m wise p1 too l>gely us$ 9 our mod]n _w z a sub/itute = fir/-h&1 individual obs]vation4 ,x _c be d5i$1 h[ev]1 t ! way ,montessori *ildr5 le>n to write is v spectacul>4 ,! !ory und]ly+ x is f> too complicat$ to describe 9 complete detail 9 a book ( ?is sort1 b = ! b5efit ( ! p]son :o desires to run & read at ! same "t1 ,i w set d[n a %ort-cut1 unsci5tific explanation4 ,! inaccuracy & relative weakness ( a little *ild's eyesight1 comp>$ to 8 s5se ( t\*1 has be5 already m5tion$ 7page #eg74 ,?is simple elem5t 9 *ild physiology mu/ be borne con/antly 9 m9d z "o ( ! det]m9+ factors 9 ! ,montessori me?od ( tea*+ writ+4 ,! *ild :o is 8play+0 ) ! geometric insets soon le>ns1 z we h se5 f ,miss ,tozi]'s description1 t he c f9d ! %all[ recess :i* is ! "r %ape = ! piece ( wood :i* he holds 9 8 h& if he w run ! f+]s ( 8 o!r h& ar\nd ! edge ( 8 piece ( wood & !n ar\nd ! diff]5t recesses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,insets ,,:i* ,,! ,,*ild ,,le>ns ,,to ,,place ,,bo? ,,by ,,sight ,,& ,,by ,,t\*4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,x is h>d = an ord9>y adult really to conceive ( ! importance ( ?is movem5t = a little *ild4 ,inde$1 s fix$ is our usual pref]5ce = vision z a means ( ga9+ in=mation1 t x gives "o a v que] feel+ to wat* a *ild1 ) 8 eyes wide op51 app>5tly look+ int5tly at ! bo>d ) its diff]5t-%ap$ recesses1 b unable to f9d ! "o mat*+ ! inset he holds1 until he has gone ?r\gh t e]ie1 bl9d-man's motion ) 8 f+]-tips4 ,n[ t motion1 v frequ5tly repeat$1 n only tells him :]e to fit 9 8 inset1 b1 l all frequ5tly repeat$ actions1 we>s a *annel 9 8 bra9 :i* t5ds1 :5ev] he beg9s ! action1 to make him complete x 9 ! way he always has done x4 ,x c be se5 t1 if1 in/ead ( a triangle or a squ>e1 ! *ild is giv5 a lett] ( ! alphabet & %[n h[ to foll[ its outl9es ) 8 f+]s 9 ! direction 9 :i* !y move :5 ! lett] is writt51 ! bra9 *annel & muscul> habit result+ are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,b be=e he c make any use ( ?is1 he ne$s to le>n ano!r muscul> habit1 q di/9ct f 7al?\gh always associat$ )7 ! ma/]y ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 namely1 ! ma/]y ( ! p5cil4 ,! exce$+ awkw>dness naturally felt by ! *ild 9 hold+ ?is new implem5t = ! fir/ "t1 has no?+ to d ) 8 recognition ( ,a or ,b1 al?\gh x adds ano!r great difficulty to 8 reproduc+ ^? lett]s4 ,he mu/ le>n h[ to manage 8 p5cil be=e he engages ^u ! mu* m complicat$ und]tak+ ( con/ruct+ ) x c]ta9 fix$ symbols1 j z he mu/ le>n h[ to walk be=e he c be s5t on an err&4 ,! old-fa%ion$ way 7/ill g5]ally 9 use 9 ,italy1 & n :olly ab&on$ 9 all p>ts ( our own c\ntry7 0 to =ce ! *ild to fill innum]able copy-books ) monoton\s /raight l9es or 8pot-hooks10 a we>9ess ( ! _s & a ?orn 9 ! fle% :i* any "o :o has suff]$ f x c describe feel+ly4 ,"o way adopt$ by mod]n educators to avoid ?is dre>y ex]cise is by frankly runn+ away f ! issue & po/pon+ tea*+ *ildr5 to write until a mu* m mature age ?an =m]ly1 9 ! hope t g5]al ex]cises 9 free-h& draw+ w suffici5tly supplem5t ! g5]al /r5g!n+ & /eady+ ( ! muscles :i* come ) m mature developm5t4 ,x is an inaccurate b1 p]haps1 sugge/ive comp>ison to say t ?is is a little z ?\gh "y *ildr5 %\ld n be taught h[ to walk because x is s h>d = !m to keep _! balance1 b made to wait until all _! bones are mature4 ,dr4 ,montessori has solv$ ! difficulty by ano!r use ( ! geometric insets4 ,?is "t x is ! hole left by ! removal ( "o ( ! insets :i* is us$4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t "o *ooses ! triangul> inset4 ,x is set d[n on a piece ( pap] & ! triangle is lift$ out1 leav+ ! pap] %[+ ?r\gh4 ,! *ild is provid$ ) color$ crayons & %[n h[ to trace ar\nd ! outl9e ( ! triangul>-%ap$ piece ( pap]4 ,! fact t ! metal frame /&s up a little f ! pap] prev5ts 8 at fir/ wildly un/eady p5cil f go+ outside ! triangle4 ,:5 he has trac$ ar\nd ! outl9e,a ) 8 blue crayon1 he lifts ! frame up & !re is ! mo/ beautiful blue triangle1 all ! "w ( 8 own h&s6 ,he usually gazes at ?is 9 delight$ surprise1 & !n x is sugge/$ to him to fill 9 ?is outl9e ) /rokes ( 8 p5cil4 ,he is all[$ to make ^! z he *ooses1 only be+ caution$ n to pass outside ! l9e4 ,at fir/ ! crayon goes 8e :i* way10 & ! 8draw+s0 are h>dly recognizable because ! outl9e has be5 s ov]run at e po9t2 b gradually ! *ild's muscul> control is improv$ & f9ally c>ri$ to a v high degree ( p]fection4 ,regul>1 ev5 p>allel l9es beg9 to appe> & ! f9al result is z ev5 z a ,japanese color-wa%4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w he makes ( 8 own accord1 ) ! utmo/ int]e/ animat+ ea* /roke1 z _m l9es z w\ld fill h\rs & h\rs ( en=c$ drudg]y ov] copy-books4 ,:51 aft] mu* practice1 ! muscles h le>n$ almo/ automatically to control f+]s hold+ a p5cil1 t p>ticul> muscul> habit is suffici5tly well-le>n$ = ! *ild to beg9 on ano!r ent]prise4 ,n[ ( c\rse1 ?\gh x is mo/ int]e/+ to color triangles & circles1 a *ild does n sp5d all 8 day at x4 ,among o!r ?+s :i* occupy & amuse him at ?is "t is gett+ acqua9t$ ) ! look & feel ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,! *ildr5 are pres5t$1 "o at a "t1 sometimes only "o a day1 ) l>ge script lett]s1 made ( black s&pap] pa/$ on smoo? :ite c>ds1 & are taught h[ to draw _! f+]s ov] ! lett] 9 ! direction tak5 :5 x is writt54 ,at ! same "t ! tea*] repeats sl[ly & di/9ctly ! s\nd ( ! lett]1 mak+ sure t ! *ild takes ?is 94 ,aft] ?is1 ! little ,italian *ild1 happy 9 ! possession ( a phonetically spell$ language1 has an easi] "t ?an our ,engli%-speak+ *ildr51 :o beg9 !n & !re _! lifelong /ruggle ) ! insanities ( ,engli% spell+4 ,b ?is is a /ruggle to :i* !y mu/ come "u any sy/em1 & mu* less =midable "u ?is ?an x has ev] be5 be=e4 ,= ! next /ep is1 ( c\rse1 to put ^! lett]s toge!r into simple words4 ,!re is no ne$ to wait until a *ild has toil$ all ?r\gh ! alphabet be=e beg9n+ ?is mu* m int]e/+ process4 ,z soon z he kn[s two lett]s he c spell ,mamma4 ,!re is no "q z yet ( 8 con/ruct+ ! lett]s ) 8 own h&s4 ,he simply takes !m f _! sep>ate comp>tm5ts & lays !m on ! floor or table 9 ! "r ord]4 ,9 h&l+ !m ?r\gh\t all ( ^! ex]cises ! *ildr5 are enc\rag$ con/antly to make t bl9d-man's motion ( trac+ ar\nd ! lett]4 ,! r\gh s&pap] app>5tly %\ts out in=mation to ! little f+]-tips highly s5sitiz$ by ! tactile ex]cises1 = ! *ild ne>ly always corrects himself m surely by t\*+ ?an by look+ at 8 s&pap] alphabet4 ,( c\rse1 ! /ronge/ ( muscul> habits is be+ =m$ z he does ?is4 ,a pleasant v>iation on ?is r\t9e is a te/ ( ! *ild's new k4 ,! tea*] asks him to give h] ,b1 give h] ,d1 ,p1 ,m1 etc4 ,! lett]s are kept 9 little pa/ebo>d comp>tm5ts1 a comp>tm5t = all ! ,b's1 ano!r = all ! ,d's1 & s on4 ,! *ild1 9 answ] to ! tea*]'s reque/1 looks ov] ^! comp>tm5ts & picks out f all ! o!rs ! lett] %e has ask$ =4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 seems only l a game to him1 a v>iation on hide-&-seek4 ,all ^! processes g on day aft] day1 side by side1 all invisibly conv]g+ t[>ds "o end4 ,! practice ) ! crayons1 ! recognition ( ! lett]s by eye & t\*1 ! revelation z to ! =mation ( words ) ! movable alphabet1 are s _m roads lead+ to ! pa9less acquisition ( ! art ( writ+4 ,!y draw ne>] & ne>] toge!r1 & !n1 "o day1 q sudd5ly1 ! fam\s 8,montessori explosion into writ+0 occurs4 ,! tea*] ( exp]i5ce c tell :5 ?is explosion is imm95t4 ,fir/ ! p>allel l9es :i* ! *ild makes to fill & color ! geometric figures become s+ul>ly regul> & ev52 second1 8 acqua9tance ) ! alphabet becomes s ?or\gh t he recognizes ! lett]s by s5se ( t\* only1 &1 ?ird1 he increases 9 facility = compos+ words ) ! movable alphabet4 ,! bur/ into spontane\s writ+ usually comes only aft] ^! ?ree conditions are pres5t4 ,x usually happ5s t a *ild has a crayon 9 8 h& & beg9s ! motion ( 8 f+]s made z he traces ar\nd "o ( 8 s&pap] lett]s4 ,b ?is "t he has ! p5cil 9 8 f+]s1 & ! idea sudd5ly occurs to him1 usually r$uc+ him to brea?less excitem5t1 t if he traces on ! pap] ) 8 p5cil ! =m ( ! lett]s1 he w be writ+4 ,9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye x is done4 ,he has writt5 ) 8 own h& "o ( ! words :i* he has be5 con/ruct+ ) ! movable alphabet4 ,he is usually z pr\d ( ?is a*ievem5t z ?\gh he _h inv5t$ ! art ( writ+4 ,! fir/ *ildr5 :o 7 taught 9 ?is mann] & :o exp]i5c$ ?is explosion into writ+ did really believe1 ,i ga!r1 t writ+ 0 some?+ ( _! own inv5tion4 ,!y ru%$ ab\t excit$ly to expla91 to anyone :o w\ld li/51 all ab\t ?is wond]ful new discov]y3 8,look6 ,look6 ,y don't ne$ ! movable lett]s to make words4 ,see1 y j take a p5cil or a piece ( *alk1 & draw ! lett]s = y\rself 444 z _m z y please 444 any:]e60 ,&1 9 fact1 = ! fir/ few days aft] ?is explosion1 _! tea*]s & mo!rs f\nd writ+ 8any:]e60 all ov] ! h\se4 ,! *ildr5 7 9 a fev] ( excit$ pride4 ,s9ce !n1 al?\gh ! fir/ ^w always causes a spasm ( joy1 *ildr5 9 a ,*ildr5's ,home are s us$ to see+ ! old] ones writ+ & read+1 t _! own feat is tak5 m calmly1 z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,x really always takes place 9 ?is sudd5 way1 h[ev]4 ,"o day a *ild _c write1 & ! next he c4 ,! =mation ( ! lett]s1 s h>d = *ildr5 taught 9 ! old way1 (f]s practically no difficulty to ! ,montessori *ild4 ,he has trac$ _! outl9e s (t5 ) 8 f+]-tips t 8 k ( !m is lodg$ :]e1 9 8 infant organism1 x belongs1 9 8 muscul> memory2 s t :51 p5cil 9 8 well-tra9$ h&1 he />ts 8 f+]s ^u an action already s (t5 repeat$ z to be automatic1 muscul> habit & muscul> memory d ! re/4 ,he does n ne$ consci\sly to direct ea* muscle 9 ! action ( writ+1 any m ?an a practis$ piano-play] ?9ks consci\sly ( :i* f+] goes aft] :i*4 ,! v]nacul> phrase express+ ?is sort ( involunt>y1 muscul>-memory facility is lit]ally true 9 8 case1 8,he has done x s (t5 t he c\ld d x ) 8 eyes %ut40 ,x is to be not$ t = a long "t aft] ?is explosion into writ+1 ! *ildr5 cont9ue incessantly to g ?r\gh ! ?ree prep>atory /eps1 trac+ ) _! f+]s ! s&pap] lett]s1 fill+ 9 ! geometric =ms & compos+ ) ! movable alphabet4 ,^! are = !m :at scales are = ! piani/1 a necess>y practice = 8keep+ ! h& 940 ,by means ( con/antly trac+ ! s&pap] lett]s ! *ildr5 write almo/ f ! fir/ ! mo/ a/oni%+ly cle>1 firm1 regul> h&1 mu* bett] ?an t ( mo/ adults ( my acqua9tance4 ,x is app>5t1 f ev5 ?is %ort-h& acc\nt ( ?is rem>kably successful me?od1 t *ildr5 _c le>n to write by means ( x )\t consid]able 7ev5 if unconsci\s & pa9less7 ef=t on _! "p1 & )\t intellig5ce1 good judgm5t1 & consid]able pati5ce on ! "p ( ! tea*]4 ,! popul> acc\nts ( ! miracles accompli%$ by ,dr4 ,montessori's app>atus h app>5tly l$ "s ,am]ican read]s to fancy t x is a sort ( amulet "o c tie ab\t ! *ild's neck1 or pla/] to apply ext]nally1 :i* w cause ! desir$ effect )\t any fur!r c>e4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is a c>efully devis$ trellis :i* />ts ! *ild's s5sory gr[? 9 a direction :i* w be pr(itable = ! practical und]tak+ ( le>n+ h[ to write1 a trellis inv5t$ & pat5t$ by ,dr4 ,montessori1 b :i* ^? ( u :o attempt to tea* *ildr5 mu/ con/ruct = ourselves on h] patt]n1 foll[+ /ep by /ep ! developm5t ( ea* ( ! *ildr5 "u our c>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trac+ ,,s&-,,pap] ,,lett]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trac+ ,,geometrical ,,design4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,& yet1 al?\gh ! ,montessori app>atus does n tea* *ildr5 by magic h[ to write a good h&1 9 comp>ison ) ! me?ods n[ 9 use1 x is really almo/ miracul\s 9 its results4 ,9 our s*ools *ildr5 le>n sl[ly to write 7& h[ badly67 :5 !y are sev5 or eight1 _c d x flu5tly until !y are mu* old]1 & nev] d x v well1 if ! av]age h&writ+ ( our high-s*ool & college /ud5t is any te/ ( our sy/em4 ,9 ! ,montessori s*ools a *ild ( f\r usually sp5ds ab\t a mon? & a half 9 ! def9ite prep>ation = writ+1 & *ildr5 ( five usually only a mon?4 ,"s v quick ones ( ?is age le>n to write ) all ! lett]s 9 tw5ty days4 ,?ree mon?s' practice1 aft] !y once beg9 to write1 is1 z a rule1 en\gh to /eady _! h&writ+ into an excell5tly cle> & regul> script1 &1 aft] six mon?s ( writ+1 a ,montessori tot ( five c write flu5tly1 legibly1 & 7mo/ important & revolution>y *ange7 ) pleasure1 f> beyond t usually felt by a *ild 91 say1 our ?ird or f\r? grades4 ,he has n only a*iev$ ?is valuable accompli%m5t ) enorm\s economy ( "t1 b he has be5 sp>$1 into ! b>ga91 ! endless h\rs ( s\l-kill+ drudg]y f :i* ! *ildr5 9 our s*ools n[ suff]4 ,! ,montessori *ild has1 x is true1 gone ?r\gh a f> m se>*+ prep>ation = ?is a*ievem5t1 b x has all be5 )\t any /ra9 on 8 "p1 )\t any consci\sness ( ef=t except t :i* spr+s f ! livelie/ spontane\s desire4 ,x has tir$ him1 lit]ally1 no m ?an if he _h sp5t ! same am\nt ( "t play+ tag4 ,i h he>d "s sci5tific talk :i* s\nd$ to my ignorant e>s v pr(\nd & psy*ological1 ab\t :e!r ?is capacity ( ,montessori *ildr5 to write c be consid]$ z a truly 8intellectual a*ievem5t10 or only a sort ( unconsci\sly le>n$ trick4 ,?is is a f9e !oretic di/9ction :i* ,i ?9k mo/ mo!rs w feel !y c safely ignore4 ,:atev] x is f a psy*ological /&po9t1 & h[ev] x may be rat$ 9 ! ,brad/reet ( pure sci5ce1 x is an ine/imable treasure = our *ildr54 ,read+ comes aft] writ+ 9 ! ,montessori sy/em1 & has n app>5tly z inh]5tly close a connection ) x z is sometimes ?\ght4 ,t is1 a *ild :o c =m lett]s p]fectly ) 8 p5cil & c compose words ) ! movable alphabet may /ill be unable to recognize a ^w :i* he himself has nei!r writt5 nor compos$4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ) su* a />t z ! ,montessori sy/em gives him1 ! gap betwe5 ! two processes is soon bridg$4 ,!re are v>i\s reasons :y a detail$ acc\nt ( ! ,montessori me?od ( tea*+ read+ ne$ n be giv5 "h4 ,"o is t ?is book is writt5 = mo!rs & n tea*]s1 & s9ce ! me?ods = tea*+ read+ 9 our s*ools are mu* bett] ?an ^? us$ = tea*+ writ+1 mo!rs w naturally1 z a rule1 leave read+ until ! *ild is "u a tea*]4 ,fur!rmore1 !re is no?+ s v revolution>y 9 ! ,montessori me?od 9 ?is reg>d & !re exi/ already 9 ?is c\ntry sev]al excell5t me?ods = tea*+ read+4 ,& yet a few notes on "s features ( ! ,montessori sy/em w be ( int]e/4 ,l _m v>iations ( our own sy/em x beg9s ) ! recognition ( s+le words4 ,at fir/ ^! are compos$ ) ! movable alphabet4 ,lat]1 :5 ! *ild c int]pret readily words compos$ 9 ?is way1 !y are writt5 9 l>ge cle> script on slips ( pap]4 ,! *ild spells ! ^w out lett] by lett]1 & !n pron\nces ^! s\nds m & m rapidly until he runs !m toge!r & p]ceives t he is pron\nc+ a ^w famili> to him4 ,?is is always a mom5t ( great satisfaction to him & ( enc\ragem5t to 8 tea*]4 ,aft] ?is has cont9u$ until ! *ildr5 recognize s+le words quickly1 ! process is ext5d$ to phrases4 ,"h ! tea*] goes v sl[ly1 ) great c>e1 to avoid undue ha/e & lack ( ?or\ghness4 ,!re is a dang] "h t ! *ildr5 w fall into ! me*anical habit 7famili> to u all7 ( read+ al\d a page ) great glibness1 al?\gh ! s5se ( ! words has made no impression on _! m9ds4 ,to avoid ?is ! ,montessori ,directress adopts ! simple exp$i5t ( n all[+ !m at fir/ to read al\d4 ,%e c>ries on1 in/ead1 a s]ies ( sil5t conv]sations ) ! *ildr51 writ+ on ! bo>d "s simple reque/ = an action on _! "p4 8,please /& up10 8,please %ut y\r eyes10 & s on4 ,lat] long] & m complicat$ s5t5ces are writt5 on slips ( pap] & di/ribut$ to ! *ildr54 ,!y read ^! to !mselves 7n be+ misl$ by _! oral flu5cy into ?9k+ !y und]/& :at !y d n71 & %[ t !y h und]/ood by p]=m+ ! actions reque/$4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! are %ort lett]s address$ by ! tea*] to ! *ildr51 & answ]$ by sil5t action on ! "p ( ! *ildr54 ,l all ( ! ,montessori devices1 ?is is self-corrective4 ,x is p]fectly easy = ! *ild to be sure :e!r he has und]/ood ! s5t5ce or n1 & 8 att5tion is fix$1 n on pron\nc+ correctly 7:i* has no?+ to d ) und]/&+ ! s5t5ces be=e him71 b on ! compreh5sion ( ! writt5 symbols4 ,z = ! tea*]1 %e has an absolutely p]fect *eck on ! *ild4 ,if he does n und]/&1 he does n d ! "r ?+4 ,x means ! elim9ation ( ! 8flu5t bluff]10 a ph5om5on n :olly unfamili> to tea*]s1 ev5 :5 !y are deal+ ) v "y *ildr54 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,"s ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,ab\t ,,! ,,montessori ,,app>atus ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,home ,! fir/ ?+ to d1 if y c manage x1 is to secure a set ( ! ,montessori app>atus4 ,x is ! result ( ! ripe/ ?\ght1 +5uity1 & practical exp]i5ce ( a gift$ speciali/ :o has conc5trat$ all h] =ces on ! inv5tion ( ! diff]5t devices ( h] app>atus4 ,b !re are v>i\s supplem5t>y /atem5ts to be made :i* modify ?is simple advice4 ,"o is1 t ! arrival 9 y\r home ( ! box conta9+ ! ,montessori app>atus means j z mu* = ! m5tal welf>e ( y\r *ildr5 z ! arrival 9 ! kit*5 ( a box ( miscellane\s groc]ies means = _! physical heal?4 ,! pres5ce on ! pantry %elf ( a bag ( ! be/ fl\r ev] made w n satisfy y\r *ildr5's hung] unless y add bra9s & good judgm5t to x1 & make edible1 dige/ible bread = !m4 ,!re is no?+ magical or miracul\s ab\t ! ,montessori app>atus4 ,x is z yet ! be/ raw mat]ial produc$ = satisfy+ ! intellectual hung] ( normal *ildr5 f ?ree to six1 b x w h practically no effect on !m if its use is n regulat$ by ! mo/ att5tive c>e1 supplem5t$ by a ke5 & nev]-ceas+ objective scrut9y ( ! *ildr5 :o are to use x4 ,?is is "o reason :y mo!rs f9d x h>d] to educate _! *ildr5 by ! ,montessori sy/em 7z by all o!r sy/ems7 ?an tea*]s d1 = !y h an age-long m5tal habit ( clasp+ _! little ones s close 9 _! arms t1 figuratively speak+1 !y nev] get a fair1 squ>e look at !m4 ,?is /udy ( ! *ildr5 is an ess5tial "p ( all education :i* ,dr4 ,montessori is among ! fir/ po9t$ly & def9itely to emphasize4 ,! necessity = close obs]vation ( conditions be=e any attempt is made to modify !m is an intellectual habit :i* is ! direct result ( ! me?ods ( positive sci5ces1 9 ! /udy ( :i* %e receiv$ h] intellectual tra9+4 ,j z ! a/ronom] looks fix$ly at ! />s1 & ! biologi/ at ! protoplasm be=e he tries to g5]alize ab\t _! ways ( life & action1 s we mu/ le>n hone/ly & :ole-he>t$ly to try to see :at sort ( *ildr5 ,m>y & ,bob & ,billy are1 z well z to love !m ) all our might4 ,?is %\ld n be1 z x is apt to be1 a /udy limit$ to _! moral *>act]i/ics1 to see+ t ,m>y's fault is vanity & ,bob's is indiff]5ce1 b %\ld be direct$ ) ! mo/ passionate att5tion to _! intellectual traits z well1 to ! way 9 :i* !y naturally le>n or don't le>n1 to ! doors :i* are op51 & ^? :i* are %ut1 to _! intellectual int]e/4 ,= *ildr5 ( ?ree & f\r h a life :i* x is no exagg]ation to call g5u9ely intellectual1 & _! con/ant pres5ce "u ! eyes ( _! p>5ts gives u a *ance to "k ?is1 :i* helps to make up = our lack ( educational !ory & exp]i5ce 9 :i* almo/ any tea*] out/rips u4 ,!re are no two plants1 9 all ! inf9ity ( vegetable life1 :i* are exactly alike4 ,!re are n1 s geologi/s tell u1 ev5 two /ones precisely ! same4 ,to lump *ildr5 7ev5 two or ?ree *ildr5 closely relat$7 9 a mass1 ) g5]alizations ab\t :at w appeal to !m1 is a m5tal habit t exp]i5ce con/antly & luridly proves to be ! extreme/ folly4 ,?is does n mean individualism run wild4 ,!re are "s g5]al broad pr9ciples :i* hold true ( all plants1 & :i* we w d well to le>n f an exp]i5c$ g>d5]4 ,all plants prosp] bett] out-(-doors ?an 9 a cell>1 & all *ildr5 h activity = ! law ( _! nature4 ,b lilies-(-!-valley %rivel up 9 ! am\nt ( sun%9e :i* supplies j ! "r conditions = na/urtiums1 & y\r p>ticul> ?ree-ye>-old may ne$ a mu* quiet] 7or m boi/]\s7 activity ?an 8 f\r-ye>-old si/]4 ,nei!r ( !m may be1 at fir/1 9 ! lea/ attract$ by ! problem ( ! geometric insets1 or by ! idea ( mat*+ colors4 ,!y may n h rea*$ t /age1 or !y may h gone beyond x4 ,y w ne$ all y\r +5uity & y\r good judgm5t to f9d out :]e !y are1 intellectually1 & :at !y are intellectually4 ,! ,montessori rule is nev] to try to =ce or ev5 to coax a *ild to use any "p ( ! app>atus4 ,! problem involv$ is expla9$ to him cle>ly1 & if he feels no spontane\s desire to solve x1 no ef=t is made to induce him to und]take x4 ,"s o!r bit ( app>atus is :at1 = ! mom5t1 he ne$s1 & "o only wa/es "t 9 try+ to p]suade him to feel an int]e/ :i* he is1 = ! "t1 incapable (4 ,if y d\bt ?is1 & mo/ ( u feel a l+]+ suspicion t we "k bett] ?an ! *ild :at he wants1 look back ov] y\r own s*ool-life & confess to y\rself h[ utt]ly has vani%$ f y\r m9d ! in=mation =c$ ^u y 9 c\rses :i* did n ar\se y\r int]e/4 ,my own private example ( t is a c\rse on 8gov]nm5t40 ,i 0 an ord9>ily intellig5t & consci5ti\s *ild1 & ,i att5d$ fai?fully all ! int]m9able dre>y recitations ( t subject1 ev5 fill+ a note-book ) selections f ! tea*]'s rem>ks1 &1 at ! end ( ! c\rse1 pass+ a fairly cr$itable exam9ation4 ,! only pro( ,i h ( all ?is is ! record ( ! exam9ation & ! pres5ce1 among my relics ( ! pa/1 ( ! note-book 9 my h&writ+2 =1 among all ! s\v5irs ( my s*ool-life1 !re is n "o fa9te/ trace ( any k ab\t ! way 9 :i* p are gov]n$4 ,i _c ev5 rememb] t ,i ev] did "k any?+ ab\t x4 ,my m9d is a p]fect1 absolute blank on ! subject1 al?\gh ,i c rememb] ! look ( ! s*oolroom 9 :i* ,i sat to he> ! lectures on x1 ,i c see ! face ( ! tea*] z pla9ly z ?\gh %e /ill /ood be=e me1 ,i c recall ! pictures on ! wall1 ! v gra9+ ( ! wood on my desk4 ,!re is only no m recollection ( ! subject ?an if ! lectures _h be5 deliv]$ 9 ,h9du/ani4 ,! long h\rs ,i sp5t 9 t classroom are z :olly wa/$ & lo/ out ( my all-too-%ort life z ?\gh ,i _h be5 ?ru/ into a d>k closet = ^? ?ree h\rs a week4 ,ev5 ! am\nt ( 8discipl9e0 ,i receiv$1 namely ! capacity to sit /ill & endure almo/ intol]able ennui1 w\ld h be5 exactly z great 9 "o case z 9 ! o!r1 & w\ld h co/ ! ,/ate f> less4 ,all ( u mu/ h "s su* recollection ( our s*ool-life to set beside ! vivify+1 excit+1 nev] to be =gott5 h\rs :5 we fir/ really grasp$ a new ab/ract idea1 or le>n$ "s bit ( sci5tific in=mation ?rill+ly 9 t\* ) our own und]/&able lives2 & we ne$ no o!r pro( ( ! tru? ( ! maxim1 /at$ by all educators1 b /at$ & con/antly act$ ^u by ,dr4 ,montessori1 t ! pr]equisite ( all education is ! int]e/ ( ! /ud5t4 ,!re is no "q "h to be discuss$ z to :e!r he le>ns m or less quickly1 m or less well1 accord+ z he is int]e/$ or n4 ,! /atem5t is made flatly by ! ,italian educator t he does n1 he _c le>n at all1 any?+1 if he is n int]e/$4 ,!re is no use try+ to call 9 ! old w>-horse ( 8m5tal discipl9e0 & say t x is well to =ce him to le>n :e!r he has an int]e/ 9 ! subject or n1 because ! fact is t he _c le>n )\t feel+ int]e/2 & ! appe>ance ( le>n+1 ! fill$ note-books1 ! att5d$ recitations1 ! pass$ exam9ations1 we all "k 9 our he>ts to be b ! va9e/ ( illusions & to repres5t only ! mo/ hopelessly wa/$ h\rs ( our y\?4 ,dr4 ,montessori1 ) h] usual bold1 />tl+ly consi/5t acceptance z a practical guide to conduct ( a fact :i* h] reason tells h] to be true1 acts on ?is pr9ciple ) h] *>act]i/ic :ole-s\l$ f]vor4 ,if ! *ildr5 are n int]e/$1 x is ! bus9ess ( ! educator to furni% some?+ :i* w int]e/ !m 7z well z in/ruct !m7 r ?an to try to =ce _! int]e/ to c5t] itself on "s occupation :i* ! educator has ?\ght be=eh& w\ld turn ! trick4,b ,:5 we capture & try to tame a little wild creature ( unkn[n habits 7& is n ?is a description ( ea* little new *ild87 our fir/ ef=t is to f9d "s food :i* w agree ) him1 & exp]im5tation is always our fir/ resort4 ,we (f] him all sorts ( ?+s to eat1 & obs]ve :i* he selects4 ,x is true t we d make "s broad g5]alizations f ! results ( our exp]i5ces ) o!r animals1 & we d n try to fe$ a little creature :o looks l a wood*uck on honey & wat]1 nor a new v>iety ( mo? on lettuce-leaves4 ,b ev5 if ! unkn[n animal looks ev] s close a c\s9 ( ! wood*uck family1 we d n try to =ce ! lettuce-leaves d[n 8 ?roat if1 aft] a due exam9ation ( !m1 he %[s pla9ly t he does n c>e = !m4 ,we ca/ ab\t to see :at else may be ! food he ne$s2 & ?\gh we may feel v impati5t ) ! ne$ = mak+ all ! tr\blesome exp]im5ts ) diet1 we nev] feel really ju/ifi$ 9 blam+ ! little creature = hav+ pref]5ces = turnip-tops1 nor d we h a half-ackn[l$g$ conviction t1 p]haps1 if we _h />v$ him to eat lettuce-leaves1 x might h be5 bett] = him4 ,we are only too ?ankful to hit ^u ! "r food be=e our little captive dies ( hung]4 ,some?+ ( all ?is is suppos$ to g ?r\gh ! m9d ( ! ,montessori "m z %e refra9s f argu+ ) h] little son ab\t ! advisability ( 8 be+ int]e/$ 9 "o1 r ?an ano!r1 ( ! ,montessori contrivances2 & ^! consid]ations are meant to expla9 to h] ! prompt acquiesc5ce ( ! ,montessori tea*] 9 ! *ild's intellectual 8:ims40 ,%e is n fooli%ly indulg+ him to make h]self less tr\ble1 or to please him4 ,%e is only try+ to f9d out :at 8 natural int]e/ is1 s t %e may p\nce ^u x & utilize x = tea*+ him )\t 8 kn[+ x4 ,%e is only tak+ advantage ( h] k ( ! fact t wat] runs d[n-hill & n up1 & t y may keep x level by great ef=ts on y\r "p1 & ev5 =ce x to climb1 b t y c only expect x to "w = y :5 y let x foll[ ! c\rse m>k$ out = x by ! laws ( physics4 ,9 o!r words1 %e sees t h] bus9ess is to make use ( e scrap ( ! *ildr5's int]e/1 r ?an to wa/e h] "t & !irs try+ to =ce x into *annels :]e x _c run2 to c>ry h] wat]:eel :]e ! wat] falls ov] ! cliff1 & n to /ruggle to turn ! riv] back t[>ds ! wat]%$4 ,& anyone :o ?9ks t a ,montessori tea*] has 8an easy "t because %e is almo/ nev] really tea*+10 und]e/imates grotesquely ! am\nt ( al]t1 ke5 +5uity & capacity = mak+ f9e di/9ctions1 requir$ = ?is new feat ( educational eng9e]+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! advanc$ mod]n educators :o cry jeal\sly t !re is no?+ new 9 all ?is1 t x is ! pr9ciple und]ly+ _! own sy/ems ( education1 ne$ only to ask !mselves :y _! practice is s diff]5t f t ( ! ,italian doctor1 :y a tea*] :o c =ce1 co]ce1 coax1 or p]suade all ! memb]s ( a class ( ?irty *ildr5 to 8acquire0 practically ! same am\nt ( in=mation ab\t a giv5 fix$ numb] ( topics )9 a giv5 fix$ p]iod ( "t1 is call$ a 8good0 tea*]8 ,!y w answ] inevitably t *aos & an>*y 9 ! educational _w w\ld result f any c\rse ( /udy less fix$ ?an t 9 _! s*ools4 ,& an imp>tial obs]v]1 bo? ( our s*ools & ( hi/ory1 might reply t *aos & an>*y h be5 prophesi$ e "t a m lib]al =m ( gov]nm5t1 giv+ m fre$om to ! individual1 has be5 sugge/$1 any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,9 any case1 ! ,montessori "m1 ) ! newly acquir$ app>atus spread out be=e h]1 ne$s to gird h]self up = an intellectual ent]prise :]e %e w ne$ n only all ! /r5g? ( h] bra91 b e atom ( +5uity & m5tal flexibility :i* %e c br+ to be> on h] problem4 ,%e w d well1 ( c\rse1 to =tify h]self 9 ! fir/ place by a c>eful p]usal ( ,dr4 ,montessori's own description ( ! app>atus & its use1 or by read+ any o!r good manual :i* %e c f9d4 ,! booklet s5t out ) ! app>atus gives "s v useful detail$ in/ructions :i* x is n necess>y to repeat "h1 s9ce x comes into ! h&s ( ev]yone :o secures ! app>atus4 ,"o ( ! ma9 ?+s = ! ,montessori "m to rememb] is t ! tea*]s 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i are tra9$ to make :atev] explanations are necess>y1 z brief z possible1 giv5 9 z few words z !y c manage1 & ) good long p]iods ( sil5ce 9 betwe54 ,mu* ( ! app>atus is s +5i\sly devis$ t any normally inv5tive *ild ne$s b to h x set be=e him to div9e its correct use4 ,! button+-frames1 & ! solid & plane geometric insets ne$ n a s+le ^w ( explanation1 ev5 to />t ! *ild ^u ! ex]cise4 ,b ! v>i\s rods & blocks1 us$ = ! ,long & ,broad ,/air & ! ,t[]1 are s mu* l ord9>y build+-blocks t1 ! fir/ "t !y are pres5t$1 ! *ild ne$s a cle> pres5tation ( h[ to h&le !m4 ,?is c be made an object-lesson conduct$ 9 p]fect sil5ce2 al?\gh lat]1 :5 ! *ild beg9s to use ! s&pap] numb]s ) !m z he le>ns ! s]ies ( numb]s up to t51 he ne$s1 ( c\rse1 to be guid$ 9 ?is ex]cise4 ,) ^! rods & blocks especially1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to obs]ve ! ,montessori rule t app>atus is to be us$ = its prop] purpose only1 9 ord] to avoid confusion 9 ! *ild's m9d4 ,he %\ld nev] use ! color spools1 = in/ance1 to build h\ses )4 ,n t1 by any means1 he %\ld be coax$ to cont9ue ! ex]cises 9 color if he feels l build+ h\ses2 b o!r mat]ial %\ld be giv5 him--a pack ( c>ds1 build+-blocks1 small /ones1 any?+ h&y1 b nev] app>atus int5d$ = ano!r ex]cise4 ,9 ! ex]cises = le>n+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 r\gh & smoo?1 ! *ild ne$s at fir/ a little guidance 9 le>n+ h[ to draw 8 f+]-tips lightly f left to "r ov] ! s&pap] /rips2 & 9 ! ex]cises ( discrim9ation betwe5 diff]5t fabrics1 he ne$s someone to tie ! b&age ov] 8 eyes &1 ! fir/ "t1 to %[ him h[ to set to "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9+ ,,! 8,,/]eogno/ic ,,s5se0--,,comb9+ ,,motor ,,& ,,tactual ,,images4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,a sil5t object-lesson1 or a ^w or two1 are ne$$ to %[ him h[ to sep>ate & di/+ui% betwe5 ! pieces ( wood ( diff]5t weights 9 ! b>ic ex]cises1 & a simil> introduction is ne$$ to ! cyl9drical s\nd-boxes4 ,z he progresses bo? 9 age & ability1 & beg9s "s ( ! m complicat$ ex]cises1 he ne$s a little long] explanation :5 he beg9s a new ex]cise1 & a little m sup]vision to make sure t he has und]/ood ! problem4 ,9 ! lat] "p ( ! "w ) plane geometric insets1 & 9 ! "w ) color$ crayons1 he ne$s occasional sup]vision1 n to correct ! errors he makes1 b to see t he keeps ! "r aim 9 sight4 ,( c\rse1 :5 he beg9s "w ) ! alphabet he ne$s m real 8tea*+10 s9ce ! names ( ! lett]s mu/ be told him1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 t he le>ns firmly ! habit ( foll[+ _! outl9es 9 ! "r direction1 ( hav+ !m "r side up1 etc4 ,b ?r\gh\t "o %\ld rememb] t mo/ 8sup]vision0 is m$dl+1 & t "o does ! *ild a real injury 9 correct+ a mi/ake :i*1 ) a little m "t & exp]i5ce1 he w\ld h be5 able to correct = himself4 ,x is well to keep 9 m9d1 also1 t little *ildr51 "s ( !m at lea/1 h a peculi>ity %>$ by _m ( u adults1 & t is a n]v\sness "u ev5 sil5t inspection4 ,i "k a l&scape pa9t] ( real ability :o is r$uc$ almo/ to n]v\s te>s & c]ta9ly to p>alyz$ impot5ce1 by ! h>mless pres5ce ( ! gr\p ( sil5t1 />+ spectators :o are apt to ga!r ab\t a p]son mak+ a sket* out ( doors4 ,ev5 ?\gh we may refra9 f actually int]f]+ 9 ! *ild's fumbl+ ef=ts to conqu] 8 own lack ( muscul> precision1 we may we> on him n]v\sly if we give too close an att5tion to 8 ef=ts4 ,! "r ?+ is to %[ him 7if necess>y7 :at he is to try to d1 & !n if x ar\ses 8 int]e/ s t he sets to "w ^u x1 we w d well to busy ourselves some:at o/5tati\sly ) some?+ else 9 ! room4 ,occasionally a *ild1 ev5 a little *ild1 has acquir$ already ! habit ( ask+ = help r ?an /ruggl+ ) an ob/acle himself4 ,! be/ way to deal ) ?is un=tunate t5d5cy is to provide simpl] & simpl] ex]cises until1 ?r\gh mak+ a v slight ef=t 8all himself10 ! *ild le>ns ! joy ( self-conque/ & re-acquires 8 natural ta/e = indep5d5ce4 ,mo/ ( u1 ) heal?y normal *ildr51 h[ev]1 meet ) no tr\ble ( ?is k9d4 ,! av]age *ild ( ?ree1 or ev5 y\ng]1 set be=e ! solid geometric insets1 cle>s ! bo>d = action by ! he>tie/ & mo/ in/9ctive rejection ( any aid1 sugge/ions1 or ev5 sympa?y4 ,8 cry ( 8,let me d x60 z he rea*es = ! little cyl9d]s ) "o h& & pu%es away 8 w\ld-be in/ructor ) ! o!r1 does "o's he>t good4 ,x is to be se5 t ,dr4 ,montessori's dem& = *ild-lib]ty does n mean unbridl$ & unregulat$ lic5se = him1 ev5 intellectual lic5se2 nor does h] comm& to h] tea*]s to let him make 8 own =w>d advance mean t !y are to d no?+ = him4 ,!y may1 inde$1 frequ5tly !y mu/1 set him c>efully on a road n impossibly h>d = him1 & head him 9 ! "r direction4 ,:at !y are n to d1 is to g along ) him1 po9t+ out ) a flood ( words ! features ( ! l&scape1 smoo?+ out all ! ob/acles1 & c>ry+ him up all ! hills4 ,m important ?an any ( ! details 9 ! use ( ! app>atus is ! con/ant firm intellectual grasp on its ultimate purpose4 ,! ,montessori "m mu/ assimilate1 into ! v m>r[ ( h] bones1 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple und]ly+ e "p ( e ex]cise1 ! pr9ciple :i* %e mu/ nev] =get an in/ant 9 all ! detail$ complexity ( its +5i\s practical application4 ,%e is to rememb] con/antly t ! ,montessori ex]cises are nei!r games to amuse ! *ildr5 7al?\gh !y d ?is to p]fection71 nor ways = ! *ildr5 to acquire in=mation 7al?\gh ?is is also accompli%$ admirably1 ?\gh n s directly z 9 ! k9d]g>t5 "w74 ,!y are1 l all truly educative me?ods1 means to tea* ! *ild h[ to le>n4 ,x is ( no great importance t he %all rememb] p]fectly ! =m ( a squ>e or a triangle1 or ev5 ! sacr$ cube ( ,froebelian infant-s*ools4 ,x is ( ! highe/ importance t he %all acquire ! m5tal habit ( obs]v+ quickly & accurately ! =m ( any object he looks at or t\*es1 because if he does1 he w h1 z an adult1 a vision :i* w be t ( a v]itable sup]man1 comp>$ to ! unreliable eyesight on :i* 8 p>5ts h _h to dep5d = in=mation4 ,x is ( no especial importance t he %all le>n quickly to di/+ui% ) 8 eyes %ut t a piece ( maple ! same size z a piece ( p9e is ! heavi] ( ! two4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t he %all le>n to take 9 accurate in=mation ab\t ! ph5om5a ( ! _w1 f :i*ev] s5se is mo/ conv5i5t1 or f all ( !m at once1 correct+ & supplem5t+ ea* o!r z !y s seldom d ) u badly tra9$ adults4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,possibility ,,( ,,am]ican ,,adaptations ,,(1 ,,or ,,additions ,,to1 ,,! ,,montessori ,,app>atus ,hold+ firmly 9 m9d ! guid+ pr9ciple =mulat$ 9 ! p>agraph prec$+1 x may n be presumptu\s = u1 9 addition to ex]cis+ our *ildr5 ) ! app>atus devis$ by ,dr4 ,montessori1 to attempt to apply h] ma9 pr9ciples 9 ways :i* %e has n happ5$ to hit ^u4 ,%e h]self w\ld be ! fir/ to urge u to d ?is1 s9ce %e con/antly reit]ates t %e has b begun ! practical application ( h] !ories1 & %e calls = ! co-op]ation ( ! _w 9 ! task ( work+ out complete applications suitable = diff]5t conditions4 ,x is my conviction t1 z soon z h] !ories are widely kn[n & fairly well assimilat$1 %e w f9d1 all ov] ! _w1 a multitude ( +5i\s co-p>tn]s 9 h] ent]prise1 p :o1 q unconsci\s ( h] exi/5ce1 h be5 = ye>s approximat+ h] sy/em1 al?\gh nev] do+ s sy/ematically & ?or\ghly4 ,is x n said t ea* new religion f9ds a congregation ready-made1 ( ^? :o h be5 in/9ctively practis+ ! z yet un=mulat$ doctr9es8 ,an incid5t 9 my own life :i* happ5$ ye>s ago1 is an example ( ?is4 ,"o ( ! *ildr5 ( ! family1 an ador$1 delicate little boy ( five1 fell ill :ile we 7 all 9 ! c\ntry4 ,we s5t at once 9 ! greate/ ha/e to ! city = a tra9$ nurse1 & :ile await+ h] arrival1 devot$ ourselves to ! task ( keep+ ! *ild amus$ & quiet 9 8 little b$4 ,! h\rs ( he>t-sick5+ difficulty & anxiety :i* foll[$ c be imag9$ by anyone :o has1 )\t exp]i5ce1 emb>k$ on t und]tak+4 ,we p]=m$ our wilde/ antics be=e t pale1 li/less little spectator1 we (f]$ up our *oice/ possessions = 8 re/less little h&s1 we set 9 motion ! mo/ complicat$ ( 8 me*anical toys2 & we q fail$ ei!r to please or to quiet him4 ,! nurse arriv$1 ca/ "o glance at ! situation1 & swept u out ) a ge/ure4 ,we crept away1 exhau/$1 beat51 wond]+ by :at possible miracul\s t\r de =ce %e meant s+le-h&$ to accompli% :at _h baffl$ u all1 & hold+ ourselves ready to secure = h] any?+ %e ?\ght necess>y1 7 x ! horns ( ! new moon4 ,9 a few mom5ts %e ?ru/ h] head out ( ! door & ask$ pleasantly = a basket ( clo!s-p9s1 j common wood5 clo!s-p9s4 ,:5 we 7 p]mitt$ to ent] ! room an h\r or s lat]1 our little pati5t sc>cely glanc$ at u1 s absorb$ 0 he 9 ! fasc9at+ly v>i\s angles at :i* clo!s-p9s may be ?ru/ into ea* o!r's clefts4 ,:5 he felt tir$1 he %ut 8 eyes & re/$ quietly1 & :5 return+ /r5g? br\ght ) x a wave ( int]e/ 9 8 own clev]ness1 he return$ to ! que] agglom]ation ( knobby wood :i* grew magically "u 8 h&s4 ,n[ ,dr4 ,montessori c\ld n possibly h us$ t 8s5sory ex]cise10 z !y h no clo!s-p9s 9 ,italy1 fa/5+ _! wa%$ g>m5ts to wires1 ) knott$ /r+s2 & ! nurse 0 probably m>ri$ ) *ildr5 ( h] own be=e ,dr4 ,montessori op5$ ! fir/ ,casa dei ,bamb9i2 b t 0 a true ,montessori device1 & %e 0 a real 8natural-born0 ,montessori tea*]4 ,& ,i am sure t ev]yone mu/ h 9 8 circle ( acqua9tances sev]al p]sons :o h su* an intuitive und]/&+ ( *ildr5 t ,dr4 ,montessori's argum5ts & !ories w seem to !m p]fectly natural & axiomatic4 ,"o ( my neighbors1 ! wife ( a f>m]1 a pla9 ,yankee woman :o w\ld be n altoge!r pleas$ to he> t %e is br++ up h] *ildr5 accord+ to ! !ories ( an inhabitant ( ,italy1 has1 by ! in/9ctive action ( h] own wits1 hit ^u sev]al inv5tions :i* might1 )\t surpris+ ! ,directress1 be transf]r$ bodily to any ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,all ( h] *ildr5 h gone ?r\gh :at %e calls ! 8fold+-up fev]10 & %e has laid away 9 ! g>ret1 wait+ = ! newe/ baby to gr[ up to x1 ! app>atus :i* has s en*ant$ & in/ruct$ all ! old] ones4 ,?is 8app>atus10 to use ! un=tunately m\?-fill+ & inflat$ "n :i* has become atta*$ to ,dr4 ,montessori's simple exp$i5ts1 is a set ( clo?s ( all %apes & sizes1 rang+ f a small wa%clo? to an old b$spread4 ,:5 ! fir/ ( my neighbor's *ildr5 0 a little ov] ?ree1 8 "m f\nd him1 "o hot ,tuesday1 busily employ$ 9 8fold+ up10 t is1 crumpl+ & cru%+ ! fre% %irtwai/s :i* %e _h j labori\sly iron$ smoo?4 ,%e snat*$ !m away f him1 z any "o ( u w\ld h done1 b %e 0 nimble-witt$ en\gh to view ! situation f an imp]sonal po9t ( view :i* few ( u w\ld h adopt$4 ,%e really 8obs]v$0 ! *ild1 to use ! ,montessori phrase2 %e put out ( h] m9d ) a consci\s ef=t h] natural1 extreme irritation at hav+ ! "w ( h\rs de/roy$ 9 m9utes1 & %e turn$ h] quick m9d to an analysis ( ! *ild's action1 z acute & s\nd z any ! ,roman psy*ologi/ has ev] made4 ,n t %e 0 9 ! lea/ consci\s ( go+ ?r\gh ?is elaborate m5tal process4 ,h] own simple n>ration ( :at foll[$1 runs3 8,i snat*$ 'em away f him & ,i 0 z mad z a hornit = a m9it or two4 ,& !n ,i got to ?9k9' ab\t x4 ,i says to myself1 #8,he's s little t 'ta9't no?9' to him :e!r %irtwai/s are smoo? or wr9kl$1 s he c\ldn't h tak5 no satisfaction 9 be9' mis*iev\s4 ,seems 's ?\gh he 0 want9' to fold up ?+s1 )\t really s5s9' :at he 0 do9' x )4 ,he's se5 me fold ?+s up4 ,!re's o!r ?+s ?an %irtwai/s he c\ld fold1 t 'tw\ldn't d no h>m = him to fuss )4' ,& ,i set ?' iron d[n & took a di%-t[el out'n ! basket & says to him1 :]e he set cry9'1 #8,"h1 ,buddy1 "h's some?9' y c fold up4' ,& he set !re = an h\r by ! clock1 fold9' & unfold9' t ?+40 ,t hi/oric di%-t[el is /ill among ! 8app>atus0 9 h] g>ret4 ,five *ildr5 h le>n$ deftness & exactitude ( muscul> action by means if x1 & ! six? is gett+ to ! age :5 8 "m's exp]i5c$ eye detects 9 him signs ( ! 8fev]40 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 ! real diff]5ce betwe5 t woman & ,dr4 ,montessori1 & ! real reason :y ,dr4 ,montessori's "w comes 9 ! nature ( a revelation ( new =ces1 al?\gh hundr$s ( 8natural mo!rs0 long h be5 us+ devices /rongly resembl+ h]s1 is t my neighbor hasn't ! slighte/ idea ( :at %e is do+ & %e has a v errone\s idea ( :y %e is do+ x1 inasmu* z %e reg>ds ! f]vor ( h] *ildr5 = t fasc9at+ s5se ex]cise1 z m]ely a ,provid5tial means to enable h] to d h] h\sework untr\bl$ by !m4 ,%e c\ld n possibly conv9ce any o!r "m ( any good reason = foll[+ h] examples because %e is q ignorant ( ! good reason4 ,dr4 ,montessori1 on ! o!r h&1 ) ! ke5 self-consci\sness ( its own processes :i* *>act]izes ! tra9$ m9d1 is p]fectly aw>e n n only ( :at %e is do+1 b ( a broadly fundam5tal & :olly conv9c+ philosophical reason = do+ x2 namely1 t ! *ild's body is a ma*9e :i* he w h to use all 8 life 9 :atev] he does1 & ! soon] he le>ns ! accurate & ma/]ful h&l+ ( e cog ( ?is ma*9e ! bett] = him4 ,n[1 :5ev] fronti] conditions exi/1 p g5]ally are =c$ to le>n to employ _! s5ses & muscles mu* m compet5tly ?an is possible "u ! usual mod]n conditions ( specializ$ labor p]=m$ almo/ entirely away f ! home2 & ?\gh = mo/ ( u ! old-fa%ion$ conditions ( f>m-life s ideal = *ildr51 ! free roam+ ( field & wood1 ! c>e & responsibility = animals1 ! k ( plant-life1 ! intimate acqua9tance ) ! beauties ( ! seasons1 ! en=c$ self-dep5d5ce 9 crises1 are impossibly out ( rea*1 we c give our *ildr5 "s ( ! b5efits to be _h f !m by analyz+ !m & see+ exactly :i* are ! elem5ts 9 !m s tonic & invigorat+ to *ild-life1 & by adapt+ !m to our own *ang$ conditions4 ,!re are ev5 a few items :i* we might take ov] bodily4 ,a numb] ( families 9 my acqua9tance h inh]it$ f _! ance/ors odd 8games0 = *ildr51 :i* foll[ p]fectly ! ,montessori ideas4 ,"o ( !m is call$ ! 8he>?-side se$-game0 & is play$ z ! family sits ab\t ! he>? 9 ! ev5+1--?\gh x might j z well be play$ ab\t a table 9 ! d9+-room ) ! light turn$ l[4 ,ea* *ild is giv5 a cup ( mix$ gra9s1 corn1 :eat1 oats1 & buck:eat4 ,! game is a competition to see :o c ! soone/1 by ! s5se ( t\* only1 sep>ate !m into sep>ate piles1 & x has an endless fasc9ation = e *ild :o tries x--if he is ( ! "r age1 = x is f> too fatigu+ = ! v little ones4 ,ano!r family makes a competitive game ( ! daily task ( peel+ ! potatoes & apples ne$$ = ! family meals4 ,once ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ! 8,montessori me?od0 is grasp$1 !re is no reason :y we %\ld n apply x to e activity ( our *ildr54 ,inde$ ,dr4 ,montessori is z impati5t z any o!r philosoph]1 ( a slavi%ly close & unela/ic int]pretation ( h] ideas4 ,fur!rmore1 x is to be rememb]$ t ! set ( ,montessori app>atus 0 n int5d$ by its inv5tor to repres5t all ! possible practical applications ( h] !ories4 ,= in/ance1 !re are 9 x none ( ! devices = gymna/ic ex]cises ( ! :ole body :i* %e recomm5ds s highly1 b :i* z yet %e has be5 able to introduce b little into h] s*ools4 ,"h1 too1 :at %e w\ld wi% u to d is to make an ef=t to compreh5d intellig5tly :at h] g5]al ideas are & !n to use our own inv5tion to adapt !m to our own conditions4 ,a good example ( ?is is ! enlight5m5t :i* comes to mo/ ( u1 aft] read+ h] /atem5t ab\t ! relative weakness ( little *ildr5's legs4 ,%e calls our att5tion to ! fact t ! legs ( ! new-born baby are ! mo/ negligible memb]s he possesses1 small & weak out ( all proportion to 8 body & arms4 ,!n ) an impos+ sci5tific array ( c>efully ga!r$ /ati/ics1 %e proves t ?is disproportion ( /r5g? & ( size cont9ues dur+ e>ly *ildhood1 up to six or sev54 ,9 o!r words1 t a little *ild's legs are weak] & tire m quickly ?an ! re/ ( him1 & h5ce he craves n only ^? ex]cises :i* he takes 9 runn+ ab\t 9 8 usual active play1 b o!rs :i* he c take )\t be>+ all 8 weight on 8 /ill r boneless l[] extremities4 ,?is fact1 al?\gh d\btless x has be5 common prop]ty among doctors = _m ye>s1 0 entirely new to me2 & probably w be to _m ( ! mo!rs :o read ?is book1 b an +5i\s p]son has only to he> x to ?9k at once ( a numb] ( ex]cises bas$ on x4 ,dr4 ,montessori h]self sugge/s a little f5ce on :i* ! *ildr5 c walk along sideways1 support+ "p ( _! weight ) _! arms4 ,%e also describes a sw+ ) a seat s long t ! *ild's legs /ret*$ out 9 front ( him are entirely support$ by x1 & :i* is hung be=e a wall or bo>d aga9/ :i* ! *ild presses 8 feet z he sw+s up to x1 ?us keep+ himself 9 motion4 ,^! devices are bo? s simple t almo/ any *ild might h ! b5efit ( !m1 b ev5 )\t !m x is possible to pr(it by ! above bit ( physiological in=mation1 if x is only by re/ra9+ ourselves f =bidd+ a *ild ! in/9ctive ge/ure we mu/ all h se51 :5 he ?r[s himself on 8 /oma* across a *air & kicks 8 hang+ legs4 ,if all ! *airs 9 ! h\se are too good to all[ ?is ex]cise1 or if x %ocks too mu* ! adult ideas ( propriety1 a b5* or kit*5-*air out "u ! trees w s]ve ! same purpose4 ,ev]yone :o is famili> ) ! habits ( natural *ildr51 or :o rememb]s 8 own *ildi% passions1 kn[s h[ !y are almo/ irresi/ibly fasc9at$ by a ladd]1 & always greatly pref] x to a /aircase4 ,! reason is app>5t4 ,aft] e>ly infancy !y are n all[$ to g up/airs on _! h&s & knees1 b are taught1 & rightly taught1 to lift ! :ole weight ( _! bodies ) _! legs1 ! inh]5t weakness ( :i* we h j le>n$4 ,( c\rse ?is v ex]cise 9 mod]ation is j :at weak legs ne$2 b :y n furni% also a l5g? ( ladd] out ( doors1 %ort en\gh s t a fall on ! pile ( hay or /raw at ! foot w n be s]i\s8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 y w be a/oni%$ to see t ev5 ) a *ild z "y z ?ree1 ! hay or /raw is only ne$$ to calm y\r own m9d4 ,! *ild has no m ne$ ( x ?an y1 nor s mu*1 8 little h&s & feet cl++ preh5silely to ! r\nds ( ! ladd] z he delight$ly asc5ds & desc5ds ?is sub/itute = ! orig9al tree-home4 ,! s+le bo>d ab\t six in*es wide & ?ree or f\r in*es f ! gr\nd 7a l5g? ( joi/ or /udd+ s]ves v well7 along :i* ! *ild walks & runs1 is an ex]cise = equilibrium :i* is else:]e describ$ 7page #adi74 ,?is c be v>i$1 z he gr[s 9 /r5g? & poise1 by hav+ him try "s ( ! simpl] rope-walk+ tricks ( balance1 walk+ on ! bo>d ) "o foot1 or backw>d1 or ) 8 eyes %ut4 ,x is fairly safe to say1 h[ev]1 t hav+ provid$ ! bo>d1 y ne$ ex]cise y\r own +5uity no fur!r 9 ! matt]4 ,! v>iety & numb] ( ex]cises ( ! sort :i* a gr\p ( active *ildr5 c devise goes f> beyond any?+ ! adult bra9 c\ld conceive4 ,! ex]cises ) wat] are describ$ 7page #aea74 ,^! also c be v>i$ to inf9ity1 by ! use ( receptacles ( diff]5t %apes1 bottles ) wide or n>r[ m\?s1 etc4 ,! fold+-up ex]cises seem to me excell5t1 & ! he>?-side se$-game is1 9 a modifi$ =m1 already 9 use 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,small1 l[ see-saws1 ! "r size = v "y *ildr51 are ( great help 9 aid+ ! little "o to le>n ! trick ( balanc+ himself "u all conditions2 & let u rememb] t ! soon] he le>ns ?is all-important secret ( equilibrium1 ! bett] = him1 s9ce he w n h ! heavy h&icap ( ! bad habit ( unc]ta91 awkw>d1 misdirect$ movem5ts1 & he w nev] "k ! di%e>t5+ m5tal di/ress ( lack ( confid5ce 9 8 own ability deftly1 /rongly1 & automatically to manage 8 own body "u all ord9>y circum/ances4 ,a v t9y spr+-bo>d1 end+ ov] a heap ( hay1 is ano!r exp$i5t = tea*+ ?ree- & f\r-ye>-olds t !y ne$ n necess>ily fall 9 a heap if _! balance is quickly alt]$4 ,if ?is simple device is too h>d to secure1 a sub/itute :i* any woman & ev5 an old] *ild c arrange = a little "o1 is a long ?9 bo>d1 ) pl5ty ( 8give0 to x1 support$ at ea* end by big /ones1 or by two or ?ree bits ( wood4 ,! little *ild b\nc+ up & d[n on ?is & 8jump+ himself (f0 into s(t s&1 or into a pile ( hay1 le>ns unconsci\sly s _m ( ! secrets ( bodily poise t walk+ /raight soon becomes a =egone conclusion4 ,"o ( ! bl9dfold games 9 use 9 ,montessori s*ools is play$ ) wood5 solids ( diff]5t %apes1 cubes1 cyl9d]s1 pyramids1 etc4 ,! bl9dfold$ *ild picks ^!1 "o at a "t1 out ( ! pile be=e him & id5tifies ea* by 8 s5se ( t\*4 ,9 our family ?is has become an aft]-d9n] game1 play$ 9 ! leisure mom5ts be=e we all pu% away f ! table & g ab\t our own affairs1 & manag$ ) a napk9 = bl9dfold1 & ) ! table-furni%+s = app>atus4 ,! id5tification ( diff]5t /uffs1 velvet1 cotton1 sat91 wool51 etc41 c be manag$ 9 any h\se :i* possesses a rag-bag4 ,i d n see :y ! possession ( a doll1 pref]ably a rag-doll1 %\ld n be z valuable z ! ,montessori frames4 ,mo/ dolls are s small t ! hooks & eyes & ! buttons & buttonholes on _! m9ute g>m5ts are too difficult = little f+]s to manage1 :]eas a doll :i* c\ld we> ! *ild's own clo!s w\ld c]ta9ly tea* him m ab\t ! geography ( 8 raim5t ?an any am\nt ( precept4 ,i c lay no claim to orig9ality 9 ?is idea4 ,x 0 sugge/$ to my m9d by ! con/ant appe>ance 9 new co/umes ( ! big ,t$dy-be> ( a ?ree-ye>-old *ild1 ^: impassion$ /ruggles ) ! buttons ( h] be>'s clo!s =ms ! mo/ admirable ( self-impos$ manual gymna/ics4 ,la/ly1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! 8sets ( ,montessori app>atus0 mu/ be supplem5t$ by sev]al articles ( *ild-furniture4 ,!re is n 9 x ! little light table1 ! small l[ *air s necess>y = *ildr5's com=t & = _! acquir+ correct1 agreeable habits ( bodily po/ure4 ,su* little *airs are easily to be secur$ b1 alas6 r>ely f\nd 9 ev5 ! mo/ prosp]\s h\seholds4 ,we mu/ n =get ! ne$ = a l[ wa%/& ) light & easily h&l$ equipm5t2 ! hooks set l[ en\gh = little arms to rea* up to !m1 s t lat] we %all n h to /ruggle ) ! habit fix$ 9 ! eight-ye>-old boy1 ( c>eless irresponsibility ab\t ^? ( 8 clo!s :i* are n on 8 back2 ! small brooms & du/-pans s t t9y girls w take x z a matt] ( c\rse t !y are z mu* int]e/$ z _! mo!rs 9 ! cleanl9ess ( a room2 9 %ort1 all ! devices possible to contrive to make a little *ild really at home 9 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,color ,,boxes ,,compris+ ,,spools ,,( ,,eight ,,colors ,,& ,,eight ,,%ades ,,( ,,ea* ,,color4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em ,:5 ,i fir/ began to und]/& to "s ext5t ! ?or\ghgo+ radicalism ( ! philosophy ( lib]ty :i* und]lies all ! intricate detail ( ,dr4 ,montessori's sy/em1 ,i us$ to wond] :y x w5t home to me ) su* a sudd5 inw>d conviction ( its tru?1 & :y x mov$ me s /rangely1 almo/ z ! conv]sion to a new religion4 ,?is ,italian woman is n ! fir/1 by any means1 to speak eloqu5tly ( ! righte\sness ( p]sonal lib]ty4 ,z f> back z ,rabelais' 8,fay ce que v\ldras0 someone 0 feel+ & express+ t4 ,ev5 ! righte\sness ( su* lib]ty = ! *ild is no inv5tion ( h]s4 ,jean ,jacques ,r\sseau's 8mile10 9 spite ( all its dis+5u\s evad+ ( ! pr9ciple 9 practice1 0 f\nd$ on x 9 !ory2 & ,froebel _h z cle> a vision z any se]1 z ,montessori h]self1 ( j ! lib]ty 8 foll[]s admit 9 !ory & f9d x s h>d to all[ 9 practice4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ^? :o come to ,rome to /udy ! ,montessori "w1 /amm]]s ?\gh !y might be1 wi%1 all ( !m1 to g away & prophesy8 ,= almo/ )\t exception ?is 0 ! common result among ! widely div]se national types ,i saw 9 ,rome2 always grant+1 ( c\rse1 t !y _h se5 "o ( ! good s*ools & n ^? :i* pres5t a f>cical c>icature ( ! me?od4 ,9 ?9k+ ! matt] ov] s9ce1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t ! vividness ( inw>d conviction arises f ! fact t ! f\nd] ( ?is 8new0 philosophy bases x on ! !ory ( democracy2 & !re is no d5y+ t ! _w to-day is democratic1 t we hone/ly 9 our he>t ( he>ts believe1 z we believe 9 ! law ( gravity1 t1 on ! :ole1 democracy1 = all its %ortcom+s1 has 9 x ! g]m ( ! ideal society ( ! future4 ,n[1 our own democracy 0 bas$1 a hundr$ or s ye>s ago1 on ! idea t m5 rea* _! highe/ developm5t only :5 !y h1 = ! gr[? ( _! individuality1 ! utmo/ possible fre$om :i* c be grant$ !m )\t int]f]+ ) ! rights & fre$om ( o!rs4 ,little by little dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury ! idea has gr[n t1 inasmu* z wom5 =m half ! race1 ! bett]m5t ( ! :ole social gr\p might be ha/5$ if ?is b5eficial pr9ciple 7 appli$ to !m4 ,if y w imag9e y\rself liv+ sixty or s ye>s ago1 :51 to cons]vative m9ds1 ?is idea ( p]sonal lib]ty = wom5 0 l ! sight ( dynamite "u ! f\ndations ( society1 & to radical m9ds %one l ! dawn ( a bright] day1 y c imag9e h[ />tl+ & ?rill+ is ! fir/ glimpse ( its application to *ildr54 ,i felt1 dur+ ! beg9n+ ( my consid]ation ( ! "q1 all ! %>p pangs ( intellectual gr[+-pa9s :i* mu/ h rack$ my gr&fa!r :5 x fir/ occurr$ to him t my gr&mo!r 0 a human be+ l himself1 :o w\ld v likely ?rive "u ! same conditions :i* 7 good = him4 ,=1 j z my gr&fa!r1 9 spite ( ! s9c]e/ affection = 8 wife1 _h nev] conceiv$ t he might be do+ h] an injury by insi/+ on do+ h] ?9k+ = h]1 s ,i1 = all my love = my *ildr51 _h nev] once ?\ght t1 by my compet5t1 lov+ 8managem5t0 ( !m1 ,i might be />v+ & /unt+ "s ( _! mo/ valuable moral & intellectual qualities4 ,9 !ory ,i in/antly grant$ ?is pr9ciple ( z mu* p]sonal lib]ty z possible = *ildr54 ,i c\ld n help grant+ x1 pu%$ irresi/ibly =w>d z ,i 0 by ! g5]ations ( my vot+1 self-gov]n+ ance/ors2 b ! resultant spl9t]+ upheaval ( all my preconceiv$ ideas ab\t *ildr5 0 port5t\s4 ,! fir/ ?+ t ,dr4 ,montessori's p5etrat+ & d>+ eye _h se5 9 h] survey ( ! problem ( education1 & ! fact to :i* %e devotes ?r\gh\t h] mo/ =ceful1 direct1 & pung5t explanation1 _h simply nev] occurr$ to me1 9 spite ( ,froebel's mild div9ation ( x2 namely1 t *ildr5 are no?+ m or less ?an human be+s4 ,i 0 z a/oni%$ by ?is fact z ,i 0 amaz$ t ,i _h n ?\ght ( x myself2 & ,i in/antly p]ceiv$ a long tra9 ( consequ5ces lead+ (f f x to a :olly unexplor$ c\ntry4 ,true1 *ildr5 are n exactly l adults2 b !n1 nei!r are wom5 exactly l m51 nor are sl[1 phlegmatic m5 exactly l ! r$-head$1 quick-temp]$ type2 b !y all belong to ! g5us ( human be+s1 & ^? pr9ciples :i* sl[ c5turies ( progress h prov$ true ab\t ! g5us z a :ole hold true ab\t subdivisions ( x4 ,*ildr5 are mu* weak] physically ?an mo/ adults1 _! judgm5t is n s season$ by exp]i5ce1 & _! att5tion is m fitful4 ,h5ce1 on ! :ole1 !y ne$ m guidance ?an gr[n-ups4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! motives1 ! in/9cts1 ! ne$s1 ! pot5tial capacities ( *ildr5 are all human & no?+ b human4 ,_! resemblances to adults are a ?\s& times m num]\s & vital ?an _! diff]5ces4 ,:at is good = ! "o mu/1 9 a n excessively modifi$ =m1 be good = ! o!r4 ,) ?is obvi\s fact firmly 9 m9d1 ,dr4 ,montessori simply look$ back ov] hi/ory & drew ^u ! /ores ( ! _w's pa9fully acquir$ wisdom z to ! be/ way to extract ! greate/ possibilities f ! _w's inhabitants4 ,if x is true1 %e reason$1 t m5 & wom5 h rea*$ _! highe/ developm5t only :5 !y h _h ! utmo/ possible lib]ty = ! gr[? ( _! individualities1 if x is true t slav]y has be5 ! mo/ ru9\sly unsatisfactory ( all social exp$i5ts1 bo? = ma/]s & slaves1 if society has f\nd x necess>y = its own good to aboli% n only slav]y b ca/e laws & ev5 guild rules2 if1 ) all its faults1 we are agre$ t democracy works bett] ?an ! wise/ ( pat]nal despotisms1 !n x ought to be true t 9 ! s*oolroom's m9iature copy ( society !re %\ld be less pat]nal despotism1 m democracy1 less uni=mity ( regulation & m1--v mu* m1--individuality4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh we _c all[ *ildr5 z mu* practical fre$om z t suitable = m5 ( ripe exp]i5ce1 x is app>5t t x is our fir/ duty z p>5ts to make e ef=t to give !m z full a measure ( lib]ty z possible1 ex]cis+ our utmo/ +5uity to make ! family life an enlight5$ democracy4 ,b ?is is n an easy matt]4 ,a democracy1 be+ a mu* m complicat$ ma*9e ?an an autocracy1 is always h>d] to organize & conduct4 ,moreov] ! family is s old a human in/itution t1 l ev]y?+ else v old1 x has acquir$ b>nacle-l accretions ( irrelevant tradition4 ,elem5ts ( ,russian tyranny h exi/$ 9 ! in/itution ( ! family s long t our v famili>ity ) !m prev5ts u f recogniz+ !m )\t an ef=t1 & prev5ts our conceiv+ family life )\t !m2 q z ?\gh 9 ?is age ( d5ti/ry1 we %\ld f9d x difficult to conceive ( old age )\t ! good old *>act]i/ic ( too?lessness4 ,to r5ovate ?is valuable in/itution ( ! family 7& "o ( ! unconsci\s aims ( ! ,montessori sy/em is no?+ m or less ?an ! r5ovation ( family life71 we mu/ engage ^u a daily battle ) our own moral & intellectual in]tia1 ris+ ea* morn+ ) a fre% resolve to scrut9ize ) new eyes our relations to our *ildr54 ,we mu/ realize t ! idea ( ! innate 8div9e "r ( p>5ts0 is z explod$ an idea z ! 8div9e "r ( k+s40 ,fa!rs & mo!rs & k+s n[adays hold _! positions rightfully only on ! same conditions z ^? gov]n+ o!r mod]n (fice-hold]s1 t !y are bett] fitt$ = ! job ?an anyone else4 ,i speak f poignant p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! difficulty ( hold+ ?is conception 9 m9d4 ,:5 ,i said above t ,i 8saw at once a long tra9 ( consequ5ces foll[+ ?is new pr9ciple ( p]sonal lib]ty = *ildr510 ,i mu* ov]/at$ my own acum52 = ,i am cont9ually p]ceiv+ t ,i saw ^! consequ5ces b v vaguely ?r\gh ! dimm$ glasses ( my unconsci\s1 hideb\nd cons]vatism1 & ,i am con/antly be+ />tl$ by ! possibility ( "s new1 al?\gh v simple application ( x 9 my daily contact ) ! *ild-_w4 ,a :olesome m5tal ex]cise 9 ?is connection is to run ov] 9 "o's m9d ! dramatic *anges 9 human ideas ab\t family life :i* h tak5 place gradually f ! ,roman rule t ! fa!r 0 ! gov]nor1 execution]1 lawgiv]1 & absolute autocrat1 d[n to our own days4 ,= all our cl++ to ! idea ( a closely intimate family-life1 mo/ ( u w\ld turn ) horror f any attempt to return to su* tyranny z t ev5 ( our own ,puritan =ebe>s4 ,x is possible t our desc5dants may look back on our pres5t organization ) z mu* a/oni%$ & uncompreh5d+ revulsion4 ,! pr9ciple1 !n1 ( ! ,montessori s*ool is ! ideal pr9ciple ( democracy1 namely1 t human be+s rea* _! highe/ developm5t 7& h5ce are ( mo/ use to society7 only :5 = ! gr[? ( _! individuality !y h ! utmo/ possible lib]ty :i* c be grant$ !m )\t int]f]+ ) ! rights ( o!rs4 ,n[1 :5 ,dr4 ,montessori1 five ye>s ago1 f\nd$ ! fir/ ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 %e n only believ$ 9 t pr9ciple b %e saw t *ildr5 are z human z any ( u2 &1 act+ ) t precipitate ,lat9 fai? 9 logic z a guide to practical conduct :i* is s />tl+ to ,anglo-,saxons1 %e put ^! two convictions into actual practice4 ,! result has electrifi$ ! _w4 ,%e took z h] motto ! old1 old1 ev]-misund]/ood "o ( 8,lib]ty60--t lib]ty :i* we /ill di/ru/ s pr(\ndly 9 spite ( ! innum]able h>d knocks ) :i* ! c5turies h taught u x is ! only law ( life4 ,%e 0 conv9c$ t ! 8necessity = s*ool discipl9e0 is only ano!r expression ( humanity's endur+ suspicion ( t fre$om :i* is s ess5tial to its welf>e1 & t s*oolroom rules = sil5ce1 = immobility1 = uni=mity ( /udies & ( results1 are ( ! same nature & z outworn z ca/e rules 9 ! _w ( adults1 or laws aga9/ ! free *oice ( resid5ce = a workman1 aga9/ ! free *oice ( a pr(ession = wom51 aga9/ ! free advance ( any individual to any position ( responsibility :i* he is capable ( fill+4 ,all ov] aga9 9 ?is new field ( education ,dr4 ,montessori f\ght ! old fight aga9/ ! old idea t lib]ty means r$ caps & riots & guillot9es4 ,all afre%1 z ?\gh ! _w _h nev] le>n$ ! lesson1 %e 0 oblig$ to %[ t lib]ty means ! only la/+ road to ord] & discipl9e & self-control4 ,once aga91 = ! ?\s&? "t1 p ne$$ to be rem9d$ t ! reign ( ! tyrant :o imposes laws on human s\ls f ! outside 7ev5 ?\gh t tyrant int5ds no?+ b ! be/ = 8 subjects & be call$ 8tea*]071 produces smo!r$ rebellion1 or apa?y1 or brok5 submissiv5ess1 b nev] en]getic1 =w>d progress4 ,= ?is con/ant turn+ to t tru/ 9 ! safety ( fre$om :i* is p]haps ! only la/+ spiritual conque/ ( our "t1 is ! keynote ( h] sy/em4 ,?is is ! real answ] to ! "q1 8,:at is !re 9 ! ,montessori me?od :i* is s diff]5t f all o!r educational me?ods80 ,?is is ! vital pr9ciple (t5 ov]look$ 9 ! f]tility ( inv5tion & sci5tific +5uity ) :i* %e has appli$ x4 ,?is rev]5ce = ! *ild's p]sonality1 ?is supreme fai? t lib]ty ( action is n only safe to give *ildr51 b is ! pr]equisite ( _! gr[?1 is ! rock on :i* ! edifice ( h] sy/em is be+ rais$4 ,x is also ! rock on :i* ! b>ks ( _m inve/igators are wreck$4 ,:5 !y realize t %e really puts h] !ory into execution1 !y cry out agha/1 8,:at6 a s*ool )\t a rule = sil5ce1 = immobility1 a s*ool )\t fix$ seats1 )\t /ation>y desks1 :]e *ildr5 may sit on ! floor if !y l1 or walk ab\t z !y please2 a s*ool :]e *ildr5 may play all day if !y *oose1 may select _! own occupations1 :]e ! tea*] is always sil5t & 9 ! backgr\nd--:y1 t is no s*ool at all--x is an>*y60 ,"o seems to he> fa9t e*oes f ano!r g5]ation cry+ out1 8,:at6 a society )\t h]$it>y ari/ocracy1 )\t a ca/e sy/em1 :]e a rail-splitt] may become supreme gov]nor1 :]e p may decide = !mselves :at to believe )\t respect = au?ority1 & may *oose h[ !y wi% to e>n _! liv+s1 444 ?is is no society at all6 ,x is an>*y60 ,dr4 ,montessori has two answ]s to make to su* d\bt]s4 ,"o is t ! rule 9 h] s*ools1 l ! rule 9 civiliz$ society1 is t no act is all[$ :i* transgresses aga9/ ! common welf>e1 or is 9 itself uncomely or (f5sive4 ,t ! *ildr5 are free1 does n mean t !y may ?r[ books at ea* o!r's heads1 or light a bonfire on ! floor1 any m ?an free citiz5s ( a republic may ob/ruct traffic1 or run a dra9 into ! wat]-supply ( a t[n4 ,x means simply t !y are subject to no unnecess>y re/ra9t1 & above all to no m$dl+ ) _! in/9ctive private pref]5ces4 ,! second answ]1 ev5 m conv9c+ to h>d-head$ p ?an ! fir/1 is ! "w done 9 ! ,case dei ,bamb9i1 :]e e detail ( ! ,montessori !ory has be5 m ?an prov$1 ) an abundance ( confirmatory detail :i* a/oni%es ev5 ,dr4 ,montessori h]self4 ,! bugbe> ( discipl9e simply does n exi/ = ^! s*ools4 ,by tak+ advantage ( _! natural in/9cts & t5d5cies1 ! *ildr5 are made to p]=m feats ( self-abnegation1 self-control1 & collective discipl9e1 impossible to obta9 "u ! mo/ rigid application ( ! old rules1 &1 z = ! am\nt ( in=mation acquir$ unconsci\sly & pa9lessly by ^? babies1 x is "o ( ! fairy-/ories ( mod]n times4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,application ,,( ,,?is ,,philosophy ,,to ,,am]ican ,,home ,,life ,naturally1 ! "q :i* conc]ns u is1 h[ ! spiritual discov]ies made 9 ?is new in/itution 9 a f>-away city ( ,italy1 c be us$ to b5efit our own *ildr51 9 our own ev]yday1 ,am]ican family life4 ,x mu/ be /at$ uncompromis+ly1 to beg9 )1 t !y c be appli$ to our daily lives only if we exp]i5ce a 8*ange ( he>t40 ,! use ( ! v]nacul> ( religion 9 ?is connection is n inappropriate1 = :at we are fac+1 9 ^! new pr9ciples1 is a new phase ( ! religion ( humanity4 ,we are simply1 at la/1 to include *ildr5 9 humanity1 & s9ce despotism1 ev5 ! mo/ enlight5$ v>ieties ( x1 has be5 prov$ h>mful to humanity1 we are to ab/a9 f be+ _! despots1 ev5 _! pat]nal1 wise1 & devot$ despots4 ,?is does n mean t !y are n to live "u "s =m ( gov]nm5t ( :i* we are ! head4 ,we h z mu* "r to safegu>d _! int]e/s aga9/ _! own weaknesses z society has to safegu>d ours1 9 =bidd+ grade railways 9 big cities = in/ance1 b we h no m "r ?an society has to int]f]e ) in(f5sive individual ta/es1 pref]5ces1 ne$s1 &1 above all1 initiative4 ,at ?is po9t ,i c he> 9 my m9d's e> a *orus ( indignant p>5ts' voices1 cry+ out t no?+ is fur!r f _! !ory or practice ?an despotism ov] ! *ildr51 & t1 s f> f rul+ _! little ones1 !y are ! absolute slaves ( _! (fspr+ 7=gett+ t 9 _m cases !re is no m despotic ma/] ?an a slave ( old /&+74 ,to answ] ?is natural prote/ ,i wi% "h to be all[$ a digression = ! purpose ( attempt+ a brief analysis ( a trait ( human egotism1 ! und]/&+ ( :i* be>s closely on ?is phase ( ! relations ( p>5t & *ild4 ,i ref] to ! in/9ctive pleasure tak5 by u all 9 ! dep5d5ce ( someone ^u u4 ,?is is s closely connect$ ) b5evol5ce t x is usually :olly unrecogniz$ z a sep>ate & q diff]5t *>act]i/ic4 ,ev5 :5 x is se51 x is id5tifi$ only by ^? :o suff] f x1 & any intimation ( its exi/5ce on _! "p savors s ne>ly ( +ratitude t !y h n1 z a rule1 v5tur$ to compla9 ( :at is frequ5tly an almo/ intol]able tyranny4 ,j z x is ! spiteful memb] ( a family :o is ! only "o to blurt out home-tru?s :i* run c\nt] to ! traditional family illusions1 s x is only a ?or\ghly bad-temp]$ analy/1 "o :o takes a malici\s pleasure 9 dwell+ on human meannesses1 :o c p]=m ! useful function ( diagnos+ ?is little suspect$1 v preval5t1 human vice4 ,"h is ! s>donic ,hazlitt1 d]isively reliev+ 8 m9d on ! subject ( b5efactors4 8444 ,b5efits are (t5 conf]r$ out ( o/5tation or pride4 ,z ! pr9ciple ( action is a love ( p[]1 ! complac5cy 9 ! object ( fri5dly reg>d ceases ) ! opportunity or ! necessity = ! manife/ display ( p[]2 & :5 ! un=tunate protg is j com+ to l& & expects a la/ help+ h&1 he is1 to 8 surprise1 pu%$ back 9 ord] t he may be sav$ f dr[n+ once m4 ,y are n hal$ a%ore z y _h suppos$ by ^? k9d fri5ds1 z a mutual triumph1 aft] all y\r /ruggles & _! ex]tions on y\r behalf4 ,x is a piece ( presumption 9 y to be se5 walk+ on t]ra firma2 y are requir$ at ! risk ( _! fri5d%ip to be always swimm+ 9 tr\bl$ wat]s t !y may h ! cr$it ( ?r[+ out ropes & s5d+ out life-boats to y )\t ev] br++ y a%ore4 ,! in/ant y c g alone1 or c /& on y\r own gr\nd1 y are disc>d$40 ,n[ ! majority ( u 9 ^! pip+ times ( m$iocrity h no gr\nds1 fanci$ or real1 = assum+ ! rle ( tyrannical ,provid5ce to o!r p4 ,b ! in/9ct1 9 spite ( ! decreas$ opportunity = its ex]cise1 is none ! less alive 9 our he>ts2 & :5 *ance ?r[s 9 our way a little *ild1 our primitive1 in/9ctive affection = :om confuses 9 our m9ds ! motives und]ly+ our pseudo-b5evol5t actions1 d we n wreak ^u x unconsci\sly all t lat5t desire to be dep5d$ ^u1 to be ! /rong]1 to be look$ up to1 to gloat ov] ! weakness ( ano!r8 ,if ?is seems an exagg]at$ /atem5t1 consid] = a mom5t ! real significance ( ! feel+ express$ by ! mo!rs we h all met1 :5 !y cry1 8,oh1 ,i c't be> to h ! babies gr[ up60 & :5 !y refuse to correct ! pretty1 lisp+1 in>ticulate baby talk4 ,i h be5 "o ( ^? mo!rs myself1 & ,i c]ta9ly w\ld h reg>d$ z malici\s & spiteful any p]son :o _h told me t my feel+s sprang f almo/ unadult]at$ egotism1 & t ,i 8c\ldn't be> to h ! babies gr[ up0 because ,i want$ to cont9ue long] 9 my complac5t1 self-assum$ rle ( ,god1 t ,i wi%$ to be surr\nd$ by little sycophants :o1 kn[+ no /&>d b my p]sonality1 c\ld n judge me z any?+ b infallible1 & t ,i 0 wilfully keep+ ! *ildr5 grant$ me by a k9d ,heav5 z weak & dep5d5t on me z possible t !y might cont9ue to secrete m food = my egotism4 ,:at ,i n[ see to be a pla9 /atem5t ( ! ugly tru? und]ly+ my s5tim5tal reluctance to h ! babies gr[ up w\ld h seem$ to me ! mo/ he>tless attack on "m-love4 ,x n[ occurs to me t "m-love %\ld be some?+ inf9itely m se>*+ & subtle4 ,mod]n society ) its en=c$ dra9s & vacc9ations & milk inspection & pure-food laws does mu* ( ! physical protect+ :i* us$ to fall to ! lot ( mo!rs4 ,our "p %\ld n be1 l bewild]$ bees1 to live idly on ! accumulation ( virtues a*iev$ = u by ! h>d won battles ( our ance/ors aga9/ _! l[] physical in/9cts2 b to cat* up ! /&>d & advance into ! h>d] battle aga9/ ! hidd51 trea*]\s ambu%es ( egotism1 to conceive a new1 high devotion = our *ildr51 a devotion :i* has 9 x c\rage = !m z well z c>e = !m2 :i* is made up ( fai? 9 _! bett]1 /rong] natures1 z well z love = !m1 & :i* beg9s by ! ru?less slaught]1 s f> z we c rea* x1 ( ! selfi%ness :i* makes u take pleasure 9 _! dep5d5ce on u1 r ?an 9 see+ !m gr[ 7ev5 ?\gh x may mean away f u7 9 ! ability wisely to regulate _! own lives4 ,we mu/ take c>e t we mo!rs d n treat our *ildr5 z we reproa* m5 = hav+ treat$ wom51 ) patroniz+1 enfeebl+ protection4 ,we mu/ le>n to wi%1 above all ?+s1 to see ! babies gr[ up s9ce !re is no condition 7= any creature n a baby7 m revolt+ ?an babyi%ness1 j z !re is no /ate m humiliat+ 7= any b a *ild7 ?an *ildi%ness4 ,let u le>n to be a%am$ ( our too imp]i\s c>e1 :i* deprives !m ( e *ance = action1 = self-reliance1 = fight+ d[n _! own weaknesses1 :i* snat*es away f !m e opportunity to /r5g!n !mselves by ov]com+ ob/acles4 ,we mu/ le>n to see 9 a little *ild n only a mu*-lov$ little body1 in=m$ by a w m or less pliable to our own1 b a valiant _s1 long+ = ! ex]cise ( its own p[]s1 p[]s :i* are diff]5t f ours1 f ^? ( e human be+ :o has ev] exi/$4 ,!re is no dang] t 9 combat+ ?is subtle vice1 we w fall back into ! gross] "o ( physical tyranny ov] wom51 *ildr51 or ! poor4 ,t /ep =w>d has be5 tak5 conclusively4 ,t "q has be5 settl$ = all "t & has be5 cry/alliz$ 9 popul> op9ion4 ,we may /ill tyrannize co>sely ov] ! weak1 b we are q consci\s t we are do+ some?+ to be a%am$ (4 ,we c !re=e1 )\t fe> ( reaction>y setbacks1 devote ourselves to creat+ a popul> consci\sness ( ! s9 ( moral & intellectual tyranny4 ,n[ all ?is reason+ has be5 conduct$ by means ( ab/ract ideas & big words4 ,x may seem h>dly applicable to ! relations ( an affectionate p>5t ) 8 ?ree-ye>-old *ild4 ,h[1 practically1 concretely1 at once1 to-day1 c we beg9 to avoid pat]nal despotism ov] little *ildr58 ,to beg9 )1 by giv+ !m ! practical tra9+ necess>y to physical indep5d5ce ( life4 ,anyone :o kn[s a woman :o liv$ 9 ! ,s\? dur+ ! old rgime mu/ h he>d /ories ( ! pa!tic1 grotesque helplessness to :i* ! ri* :ite population 0 r$uc$ by ! pres5ce & p]sonal s]vice ( ! slaves 444 ! gr[n wom5 :o c\ld n button _! own %oes1 ! gr[n m5 :o _h nev] 9 _! lives assembl$ all ! articles necess>y = a complete toilet4 ,dr4 ,montessori says1 8,! p>alytic :o _c take (f 8 boots because ( a pa?ological fact1 & ! pr9ce :o d>e n take !m (f because ( a social fact1 are 9 reality r$uc$ to ! same condition40 ,h[ _m mo!rs ^: will+ f+]s l+] lov+ly ov] ! buttons & /r+s & hooks & eyes ( ! little co/ume are putt+ !mselves 9 ! p]nici\s attitude ( ! slave8 ,h[ _m o!r bu/l+1 compet5t1 quick-/epp+ mo!rs1 dress+ & undress+1 wa%+ & fe$+ & regulat+ _! *ildr51 z ?\gh !y 7 little automata1 because 8x's s mu* easi] to d x = !m ?an to bo!r to tea* !m h[ to d x10 are r$uc+ ! little ones to a /ate ( practical p>alysis8 ,z if ease 7 ! aim ( a "m 9 h] relations to h] *ild6 ,x w\ld be easi]1 z f> z t is conc]n$1 to eat ! *ild's meals = x2 & a /udy ( ! 8compet5t0 br& ( "m almo/ leads "o to suspect t only ! physical impossibility ( ?is sub/itut$ activity keeps x f be+ put into practice4 ,! too lov+ "m1 ! "o :o is too compet5t1 ! "o :o is too w$d$ to ! regul>ity ( h] h\sehold r\t9e1 ! impati5t "m1 ! "o :o is 8no tea*] & nev] c tell anybody h[ to d ?+s10 all ^! div]se p]sonalities1 ?\gh actuat$ by q diff]+ motives1 are do+ ! same ?+1 unconsci\sly1 b5evol5tly1 ov]be>+ly insi/+ ^u liv+ ! *ild's life = him4 ,b x is evid5t t simply keep+ our h&s (f is n en\gh4 ,to beg9 ) ! process ( dress+ himself1 ! fir/ 9 ord] ( ! day's r\t9e1 a *ild ( ?ree1 ) no tra9+1 turn$ loose ) ! usual outfit ( clo!s1 c\ld nev] dress himself 9 ! longe/ day ( ! ye>4 ,& "h1 ) a s]i\s problem to be solv$1 we are back beside ! button+ boy ( ! ,*ildr5's ,home4 ,! *ild mu/ le>n h[ to be indep5d5t1 z he mu/ le>n h[ to be any?+ else t is wor? be+1 & ! only excuse = exi/5ce ( a p>5t is ! possibility ( 8 furni%+ ! means = ! *ild to acquire ?is in=mation ) all spe$4 ,let u take a long look at ! button+ boy ov] !re 9 ,rome & return to our own ?ree-ye>-old = a m sy/ematic survey ( 8 problem1 :i* is none o!r ?an ! beg9n+ ( 8 emancipation f ! prison ( babyi%ness4 ,let him le>n ! diff]5t ways ( fa/5+ g>m5ts toge!r on ! ,montessori frames if y h !m1 or 9 any o!r way y\r +5uity c devise4 ,old g>m5ts ( y\r own1 put on a *eap dress =m1 are n a bad sub/itute = t "p ( ! ,montessori app>atus1 or ! l>ge doll sugge/$ on page #aae may s]ve4 ,!n apply y\r m9d1 difficult z t process is = all ( u1 to ! simplification ( ! *ild's co/umes1 ev5 if y are l$ into su* an unhe>d-( innovation z fa/5+ ! little wai/s & dresses up ! front4 ,let me wond]1 p>5!tically1 :y *ildr5's clo!s %\ld all be fa/5$ at ! back8 ,m5 manage to protect !mselves f ! wea!r on ! opposite pr9ciple4 ,!n1 f9ally1 give him "t to le>n & to practise ! new process2 & "t is "o ( ! necess>y elem5ts ( life mo/ (t5 d5i$ to little *ildr51 :o always take va/ly long] ?an we d to complete a giv5 process4 ,i am myself a devot$ adh]5t ( ! clock1 & _c endure ! =mless irregul>ity ( a daily life )\t fix$ h\rs1 s t ,i d n speak )\t a ke5 realization ( ! fact t "t _c be grant$ to little *ildr5 to live _! own lives1 )\t our und]go+ consid]able inconv5i5ce1 no matt] h[ +5i\sly we arrange ! matt]4 ,we mu/ feel a :ole-he>t$ will+ness to =ego a sup]fluity 9 life = ! sake ( safegu>d+ an ess5tial ( life4 ,:5 ,i feel ! temptation1 into :i* my impati5t temp]am5t is con/antly lead+ me1 to p]=m "s action = a *ild :i* he w\ld bett] d = himself1 because 8 sl[ness int]f]es ) my h\sehold s*$ule1 ,i br+ rigor\sly to m9d ! ,montessori tea*] :o did n tuck 9 ! *ild's napk94 ,& ,i sev]ely scrut9ize ! h\sehold process1 ! regul>ity ( :i* is be+ upset1 to see if t regul>ity is really wor? a *eck to ! *ild's gr[? 9 self-dep5d5ce4 ,once 9 a :ile x really does seem to me1 on mature consid]ation1 t regul>ity is wor? t sacrifice1 b s seldom z to be a/oni%+4 ,"o ( ! few in/ances is ! regul>ity ( ! ?ree meals a day4 ,?is seems to be an excell5t means ( inculcat+ real social feel+ 9 ! *ild1 ( mak+ him und]/& ! necessity = occasional sacrifices ( individual desires to b5efit ! common weal4 ,"o %\ld take c>e n to neglect or pass ov] ! few g5u9e opportunities 9 ! life ( a little *ild1 :5 he may feel t 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! family he is mak+ a sacrifice :i* c\nts = ! sake ( ! common good4 ,b mo/ o!r situations yield v diff]5t results :5 analyz$4 ,= in/ance1 if a *ild mu/ dress 9 a cold room x is bett] = an adult to /uff ! little arms & legs into ! clo!s ) all ha/e1 r ?an run ! risk ( *ill+ ! *ild4 ,b z a rule1 if ! conditions are really hone/ly exam9$1 ^! two alt]natives are se5 n to be ! only ones4 ,he is set p]haps to dress 9 a cold room because we h a tradition t x is 8messy0 & 8common0 to h dress+ & undress+ go+ on any:]e except 9 a b$room4 ,! "q ,i mu/ !n ask myself is no long]1 8,is !re n dang] t ! *ild w take cold if ,i give him "t to dress himself80 b1 8,is ! ord]$ respectability ( my w>m p>lor wor? a *eck to my *ild's normal gr[?80 ,& x is to "s su* q unexpect$ "q t "o is con/antly l$ by ! attempt really to analyze ! v>i\s re/rictions we put ^u ! *ild's fre$om to live 8 own life4 ,^! re/rictions multiply 9 su* a p]v]se ratio ) ! mat]ial prosp]ity & conv5tionality ( our lives t x is a truism t ! *ildr5 ( ! v poor f>e bett] ?an ours 9 ! opportunities (f]$ !m = ! developm5t ( self-reliance1 self-control1 & indep5d5ce1 almo/ ! mo/ valuable outfit = ! battle ( life a human be+ c h4 ,x is impossible1 ( c\rse1 to consid] "h all ! processes ( ! *ild's day 9 z m9ute detail z ?is "q ( 8 morn+ toilet4 ,b ! same proc$ure ( 8h&s (f0 %\ld be foll[$1 because help t is n positively necess>y is a h9drance to a gr[+ organism4 ,x is well to put /r+s = y\r v9es to climb up1 b x does !m no good to h y try to 8help0 !m by pull+ on ! tips ( ! t5drils4 ,! little *ild %\ld be all[$ "t to wa% 8 own face & h&s1 to bru% 8 tee?1 & to fe$ himself1 al?\gh x w\ld be quick] to cont9ue our ,/rasb\rg goose tradition ( /uff+ him ourselves4 ,he %\ld1 z soon z possible1 le>n to put on & take (f 8 own wraps1 hat1 & rubb]s4 ,he %\ld c>ry 8 own play?+s1 %\ld le>n to op5 & %ut doors1 g up & d[n /airs freely1 hang up 8 own clo!s 7hooks plac$ l[ mu/ n be =gott571 & look himself = articles he has misplac$4 ,adults :o1 = ! fir/ "t1 try ?is rgime ) little *ildr5 are a/oni%$ to f9d t x is n ! pati5ce ( ! little *ild1 b _! own1 :i* is inadequate4 ,a *ild 7if he is "y en\gh n to h acquir$ ! invalid's habit ( be+ wait$ ^u7 w p]sev]e un5d+ly ?r\gh a s]ies ( grotesquely awkw>d attempts1 = in/ance1 to climb ^u an adult's *air4 ,! sight ( ?is labori\s attempt to accompli% a p]fectly easy feat r$uces 8 quick-/epp+1 compet5t "m to n]v\s fidgets1 requir+ all h] self-control to resi/4 ,%e is almo/ irresi/ibly driv5 to ru%+ =w>d & lift+ him up4 ,if %e does1 %e is v apt to see him slide to ! floor & beg9 all ov] aga94 ,x is n elevation to ! *air :i* he desires4 ,x is ! capacity to atta9 x himself1 unaid$1 :i* is 8 goal1 a goal l all o!rs 9 8 life :i* 8 "m _c rea* = him4 ,& if all ?is s\nds too tr\blesome & complicat$1 let x be rememb]$ t ! ,*ildr5's ,home looms close at h&1 om9\sly ready to devote itself to mak+ conditions exactly "r = ! *ild's gr[?1 nev] impati5t1 ) no o!r aim 9 life & no o!r occupation b to d :at is be/ = ! *ild4 ,if we are to be all[$ to keep our *ildr5 ) u1 we mu/ prove wor?y ! sacr$ tru/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,r\gh ,,& ,,smoo?4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,=1 practically1 ! highly successful exi/5ce ( ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 keep+ ! *ildr5 z x does all day1 takes = grant$ t ! av]age p>5t _c or w n make ! av]age home into a place really suit$ = ! developm5t ( small *ildr54 ,x is visibly app>5t t1 z f> z physical surr\nd+s are conc]n$1 he is ,gulliv] /ruggl+ ) ! conditions ( ,brobd+nag4 ,he eats 8 meals f a table z high = him z ! mantelpiece w\ld be = u1 he climbs up & d[n /airs ) ! pa9ful ef=t we exp5d on ! asc5t ( ! ,pyramids1 he gets into an arm*air z we w\ld climb into a tree1 & he c no m alt] ! position ( x ?an we c\ld t ( ! tree4 ,z = ! conduct ( life1 he is consid]$ 8naughty0 if he int]f]es ) adult occupations1 :i*1 go+ on all ab\t him all ! "t & be+ entirely incompreh5sible to him1 are v difficult to avoid2 & he is 8good0 l ! 8good ,indian0 accord+ to ! degree ( 8 sil5t passivity4 ,:5 we return aft] a brief abs5ce & inquire ( a little *ild1 8,h y be5 a good *ild80 d we n mean simply1 8,h y be5 z little inconv5i5t z possible to y\r eld]s80 ,to mo/ ( u :o are hone/ ) ourselves x comes z r a surprise t ?is /&>d ( virtue %\ld n be ! natural & inevitable "o4 ,i leave to ! la/ *apt] ! "q1 a mo/ se>*+ & pa9ful "o = me1 z to :e!r ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i w n ultimately be ! ,home = all our *ildr51 & "h conf9e myself to ! /atem5t1 :i* no unprejudic$ m9d c d5y1 t su* an in/itution1 arrang$ z x has be5 ) ! mo/ s+le-he>t$ desire to fur!r ! *ildr5's int]e/s1 is n[ bett] adapt$ = *ild-life ?an our av]age homes1 into :i* *ildr5 may be welcom$ lov+ly1 b :i* are adapt$ 9 e detail ( _! mat]ial1 intellectual1 & spiritual life = adults only4 ,x is my firm conviction t1 9 my own case1 a work+ compromise may be effect$1 ?anks to my al>m$ jeal\sy ( ! great] p]fection ( ! ,montessori ,*ildr5's ,home2 b ,i realize t x requir$ ! al>m+ sight & /udy ( t in/itution to make me see t ,i 0 =c+ my *ildr5 to live "u a great _m unnecess>y re/rictions4 ,&1 if !re is "o ?+ above all o!rs to be kept 9 m9d by a conv]t to ^! new ideas x is t an unnecess>y re/riction 9 a *ild's life is a crime4 ,! mo/ puritanical s\l among u mu/ see t !re are q en\gh necess>y re/rictions = ! *ild1 if !y are all recogniz$ & rigor\sly obey$1 to s]ve z discipl9>y =ces to ! mo/ turbul5t nature4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,"s ,,consid]ations ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( 8,,discipl9e0 ,) ! la/ affirmation ( ! prec$+ *apt] ,i h br\ght myself to ano!r b$-rock pr9ciple ( ?is new religion ( *ildhood1 "o :i* at fir/ ,i 0 unable to und]/& & h5ce to accept4 ,9 my v blood !re runs t conviction ( ! necessity = discipl9e :i* color$ s pr(\ndly all e>ly ,new ,engl& life4 ,at ! sight ( ?is too-pleasant & too-smil+ _w ( *ildr51 "s old ,puritan ( an ance/or sprang to life 9 me & cri$ out s\rly1 8,b x's good = *ildr5 to d :at !y don't l to d1 & to keep on ) some?+ aft] !y want to /op4 ,!y mu/ 9 lat] life4 ,!y %\ld beg9 n[40 ,! answ] to ?is objection is "o ,i h _h practically to "w out = myself1 s9ce ! ,italian expon5ts ( ! sy/em1 hav+ back ( !m an unbrok5 l9e ( life-lov+ & life-tru/+ ,lat9 =efa!rs1 f\nd x practically impossible to und]/& :at 0 9 my m9d4 ,!re 0 mu* talk ( 8discipl9e0 9 _! discussion ( ! !ories ( ! me?od2 b evid5tly !y did n atta* ! same mean+ to ! ^w z ! "o ,i _h be5 tra9$ to use4 ,?is fact l$ me to m$itate on :at ,i myself really meant by discipl9e3 a process ( def9ition :i*1 z x always does1 cl>ifi$ my ideas & prov$ !m 9 "s respects q diff]5t f :at ,i _h ?\ght !m4 ,discipl9e means1 ( c\rse1 8! capacity = self-control40 ,i _h no soon] =mulat$ ?is def9ition ?an ,i saw t ,i _h be51 9 my practical use ( ! ^w1 omitt+ half ( x1 & t ! vital half4 ,x 0 n discipl9e ,i _h be5 va9ly seek+ at ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 x 0 compulsion4 ,n[1 compulsion is a =ce v mu* h&i] to use 9 education ?an self-control1 s9ce x dep5ds on ! adult & n on ! *ild1 & practically any adult ) a club 7physical or moral7 c compass x1 if ! *ild 9 8 p[] is small en\gh4 ,b ! mo/ elem5t>y exp]i5ce ( life proves t ! effects ( compulsion la/ exactly z long z ! physical or moral club c be appli$4 ,evid5tly its use c sc>cely prep>e ! *ild = ! se>*+ te/s ( indep5d5t adult life :5 no "o has any long] ev5 a pseudo-"r to club him into moral action4 ,& yet self-control1 l all o!r vital processes ( individual life1 is tantaliz+ly elusive & subtle4 ,my untra9$ m9d1 face to face at la/ ) ! real problem1 despair$ ( secur+ ?is real self-control & n ! valueless compulsory ob$i5ce to ext]nal =ce or p]suasion ) :i* ,i _h be5 confus+ x4 ,i saw t x is secur$ 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home & betook myself once m to an exam9ation ( _! me?ods4 ,_! me?od = solv+ ?is problem is l ! "o !y use 9 all o!r problems ( *ild-life4 ,!y use ! adult bra9 to analyze m9utely all ! complex processes involv$1 & !n !y beg9 at ! beg9n+ to tea* ! *ildr5 all ! diff]5t actions1 "o aft] ano!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! capacity = close1 consecutive att5tion to any und]tak+ is a v valuable =m ( self-control & self-discipl9e 7"o :i* a good _m adults h nev] ma/]$74 ,! natural t5d5cy ( *ildhood1 z ( all untra9$ humanity1 is = flight9ess1 = m5tal vagrancy1 = pick+ up & fitfully dropp+ an ent]prise4 ,x is obvi\s t ! /]ne/ ( ext]nal s-call$ discipl9e _c lay a f+] on ?is p>ticul> m5tal fault1 because all x c comm& is physical ob$i5ce1 :i* ceases :5 ! compulsion is no long] active4 ,9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home1 ! *ild is provid$ ) a task s exactly suit$ to ! in/9ctive ne$s ( 8 gr[+ organism1 t 8 own spontane\s int]e/ 9 x ov]comes 8 own equally spontane\s av]sion to m5tal conc5tration4 ,lat] on 9 life he mu/ le>n to conc5trate m5tally1 :e!r he feels a /rong spontane\s int]e/ 9 ! subject or n2 b x is evid5t t he _c d t1 if he has n le>n$ fir/ to control 8 w&]+ wits :5 ! subject does int]e/ him4 ,& t ?is la/ is n ! p]fectly easy und]tak+ x seems1 is app>5t :5 "o consid]s all ! hopelessly flighty wom5 !re are 9 ! _w1 :o c\ld n1 to save _! lives1 m5tally conc5trate on any?+4 ,! ,montessori app>atus sets a valuable vital =ce 9 ! *ild's own intellectual make-up to ma/] an undesirable in/9ct1 & naturally ! valuable =ce gr[s /rong] ) e ex]cise ( its p[]1 j z a muscle does4 ,! little boy :o 0 s mu* int]e/$ 9 8 button+-frame t he /uck to 8 ent]prise f beg9n+ to end )\t s mu* z glanc+ up at ! activities ( ! o!r *ildr51 %[$ real self-control1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 n associat$ ) ! elem5t ( pa9 :i* my grim ance/ors l$ me to ?9k 0 ess5tial4 ,x is true t self-control 9 ! face ( pa9 or indiff]5ce is a necess>y elem5t 9 adult moral & intellectual life1 b x n[ appe>s t1 l e o!r factor 9 life1 x mu/ />t f small beg9n+s & gr[ sl[ly4 ,! button+ boy %[$ n only self-control1 b ! only v>iety ( x :i* a baby is capable ( manife/+4 ,:5 ,i _h ! notion t ,i ought 7= 8 own good1 ( c\rse7 to dem& ( him self-control 9 ! face ( pa91 ev5 ( a v small pa91 ,i 0 ask+ some?+ :i* he c\ld n z yet give1 & ( :i* compulsory ob$i5ce c\ld only obta9 an empty & mislead+ appe>ance1 an appe>ance really h>mful to ! *ild's be/ int]e/s s9ce x completely bl9d$ me to ! fact t he _h n made ! lea/ beg9n+ t[>ds atta9+ a real self-control4 ,he mu/ beg9 sl[ly to le>n self-control1 z he mu/ beg9 sl[ly to le>n h[ to walk4 ,i am q satisfi$ if he takes a s+le /ep at fir/1 because ,i "k t is ! ess5tial4 ,if he c d t1 he w ultimately le>n to climb a m\nta94 ,if he c ov]come ! naturally vagrant impulses ( 8 m9d ?r\gh intellectual int]e/ 7= x is none o!r7 9 ! completion ( 8 task ( button+ up ! clo? on 8 frame1 he has begun a m5tal habit ! value ( :i* _c be ov]e/imat$1 & :i* w lat]1 9 its full developm5t1 make x possible = him to ma/] calculus )\t ! agoniz+1 too-t>dy ef=t at m5tal self-control :i* embitt]$ my own /ruggle ) t subject4 ,f "t immemorial1 ! *ild himself has always in/9ctively us$ 9 8 games & plays ?is me?od ( le>n+ self-control & m5tal conc5tration1 z mu* z adults w\ld all[ him4 ,! admirable1 ?or\ghgo+ conc5tration ( a *ild on a game ( m>bles or ball is prov]bial2 b :ile ! re/ ( u1 ) "s unsy/ematic exceptions1 h look$ idly on at ?is great natural /ream ( m5tal vigor p\r+ itself out 9 pr(usion be=e our eyes1 ,dr4 ,montessori has /epp$ 9 ) an +5i\sly devis$ wat]:eel & set x to "w4 ,! *ild 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i advances f "o sci5tifically grad$ /age ( m5tal self-control to ! next1 f ! button+-frames to ! geometric insets1 f ^! to _! use 9 draw+ & ! control ( ! p5cil1 & !n on into ! ma/]y ( ! alphabet1 always ) a great] & great] control ( ! processes ( 8 m9d4 ,! control ( ! processes ( 8 body are le>n$ 9 ! same analyz$1 gradual progression f ! easy to ! difficult4 ,he le>ns 9 ! 8lesson ( sil5ce0 h[ to d no?+ ) 8 body1 an accompli%m5t :i* 8 fidgety eld]s h nev] acquir$2 he le>ns 9 all ! s5sory ex]cises ! complete control ( 8 five s]vants1 8 s5ses2 & 9 mov+ freely ab\t ! furniture suit$ to 8 size1 9 h&l+ ?+s small en\gh = him to manage1 9 transf]r+ objects f "o place to ano!r1 he le>ns h[ to g deftly ?r\gh all ! ord9>y op]ations ( ev]yday life4 ,?is physical adroitness has a vitally close relation to discipl9e ( all sorts4 ,:5 we say to ! av]age1 untra9$1 muscul>ly uncontroll$ *ild ( f\r1 8,n[ d sit /ill = a :ile60 we are mak+ a reque/ ab\t z reasonable z ?\gh we cri$1 8,d /& on y\r head60 ,& !n we %ake him or reprove him = n obey+ :at is = him an impossible comm&4 ,by s do+ we />t 9 8 m9d ! habit1 bo? ( n obey+ & ( be+ puni%$ = x2 & z ,nature is exub]ant 9 h] protective devices1 he v soon gr[s a f9e m5tal call\s ov] 8 capacity = remorse at n obey+4 ,! ef=t requir$ to acc$e to our reque/ is entirely too great = him1 ev5 if he :olly und]/&s :at we wi%1 :i* is (t5 d\btful4 ,& because he (t5 has be5 =c$ to disobey a comm& to d some?+ impossible1 he falls into ! way ( disobey+ a comm& :i* is )9 8 p[]s4 ,! ,montessori tra9+ makes e impassion$ attempt to tea* a *ild exactly h[ to d a ?+ be=e he is reque/$ to d x4 ,we give a *ild ! enorm\sly comp5di\s comm&1 8,don't be s c>eless60 )\t reflect+ t x is ab\t z useful & specific an exhortation z if "o %\ld cry to u1 8,d be m virtu\s60 ,dr4 ,montessori is cont9ually admoni%+ u to use our gr[n-up bra9s to analyze into its compon5t p>ts ! *ild's c>elessness1 s t1 "p by "p1 x c be correct$4 ,suppose t x has manife/$ itself 7z x n infrequ5tly does7 by a reckless plunge across ! room1 c>ry+ a plateful ( cookies :i* h mo/ ( !m fall5 to ! floor by ! end ( ! trip4 ,almo/ )\t exception1 :at we all cry impati5tly to a *ild1 ev5 to a v little *ild1 "u ^? circum/ances1 is 8,= m]cy's sake1 d look at :at y're do+60 :i* is1 consid]$ at all analytically1 exactly :at x is our bus9ess z 8 lead]s & guides 9 ! _w to d = him4 ,a little reflection on ! subject makes u realize1 9 spite ( ! %>pness ( our repro( to him1 t he takes no pleasure 9 spill+ ! cookies & fall+ ov] ! *airs2 t is1 t he _h no set purpose to d ?is1 in/ead ( walk+ correctly across ! room & sett+ ! plate d[n on ! table4 ,! "q we %\ld ask ourselves1 is obvi\sly1 8,:y !n1 did he d all ^? tr\blesome & c>eless ?+s80 ,obvi\sly because we 7 requir+ him to g ?r\gh a complicat$ process1 ! sep>ate p>ts ( :i* he has n ma/]$2 z ?\gh a musician %\ld comm& u to play ! *romatic scale ( ,d m9or1 & !n blame u = ! resultant discord4 ,he %\ld h taught u a multitude ( ?+s be=e requir+ su* a complicat$ a*ievem5t1--h[ to hold our f+]s ov] ! piano-keys1 h[ to read music1 h[ to play simpl] scales4 ,! *ild ) ! cookie-plate ne$s1 9 ! fir/ place1 a c\rse ( ex]cises 9 le>n+ to walk 9 a /raight l9e directly to ! spot :]e he means to g1 ex]cises cont9u$ until ?is process becomes automatic1 s t ! greate/ ha/e on 8 "p w n s5d him reel+ ab\t z mo/ *ildr5 7& a consid]able numb] ( _! ill-tra9$ eld]s7 d :5 !y und]take to move f "o side ( ! room to ano!r4 ,h[ c he le>n to d ?is8 ,dr4 ,montessori sugge/s draw+ a *alk-l9e on ! floor & hav+ ! *ildr5 play ! 8game0 7ei!r ) or )\t music7 ( try+ to walk along x )\t /epp+ (f4 ,i myself1 rememb]+ ! =bidd5 joys ( my reckless *ildhood 9 walk+ ! top-rail ( a f5ce1 h tri$ ! exp$i5t ( provid+ a less dang]\s top-rail laid flat on ! gr\nd4 ,did any heal?y *ild ev] ne$ m ?an "o *ance to walk along railway tracks8 ,! objection 9 ! pa/ to ^! ex]cises has be5 t !y 7 connect$ ) some?+ dang]\s & undesirable4 ,i d n blame my p>5ts = =bidd+ me to try to balance myself ei!r on ! top-rail ( a f5ce or on a railway track4 ,bo? ( ^! 7 highly risky div]sions4 ,b x does seem odd t nei!r !y nor ,i ev] ?\ght ( provid+1 9 "s safe =m1 ! ex]cises 9 equilibrium s viol5tly crav$ by all heal?y *ildr54 ,a n>r[ bo>d1 or l5g? ( s-call$ 8two-by-f\r0 /udd+1 laid on ! gr\nd1 furni%es a div]sion z endlessly ent]ta9+ = a *ild ( ?ree z ! mo/ dang]\sly high f5ce-rail = an old] *ild1 & ! nev]-fail+ ze/ ) :i* a little *ild practises balanc+ himself on ?is n>r[ 8sidewalk0 is a pro( t ! ex]cise is "o = :i* he unconsci\sly felt a ne$4 ,ano!r trick ( equilibrium1 :i* is h>d = a little *ild1 is to lift "o foot f ! floor & p]=m any action )\t fall+ ov]4 ,if he is provid$ ) a loose rope-end1 hang+ :]e he c easily rea* x1 8 p>5t & gu>dian c sugge/ any numb] ( ent]ta9+ ?+s to d :ile 8 equilibrium is assur$ by 8 grasp on ! rope4 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 t "o sugge/ion is en\gh4 ,! *ild's inv5tion does ! re/4 ,ano!r ex]cise :i* is ( great b5efit = v little *ildr5 is to walk backw>ds1 a process :i* ne$s no m gymna/ic app>atus ?an a help+ h& f fa!r or "m1 an app>atus :i* is equally effective 9 tea*+ a "y *ild ! fasc9at+ game ( cross+ "o foot ov] ! o!r )\t fall+ d[n4 ,does all ?is physical tra9+ ( t9y *ildr5 seem too remote f ! old] *ild :o spill$ ! cookies8 ,he /&s at ! end ( ! road ov] :i* ! balanc+1 backw>d-walk+1 highly ent]ta9$ ?ree-ye>-old is advanc+4 ,al?\gh x is n m5tion$ 9 any ,montessori sugge/ions ,i h se5 7possibly because ( ! difficulty ( manag+ x 9 a s*oolroom71 x occurr$ to me "o day t wat] is a neglect$ b v valuable factor 9 tra9+ a little *ild to accuracy ( muscul> movem5t4 ,?is reflection occurr$ to me j aft] ,i _h in/9ctively l$ away a little *ild f a bas9 ( wat] 9 :i* ,i _h 8caught h]0 dabbl+ h] h&s4 ,mak+ a desp]ate ef=t to put into practice my new resolution to "q myself %>ply ea* "t t ,i d5i$ a *ild any activity he seem$ to desire1 ,i p]ceiv$ t 9 ?is case1 z s (t51 ,i 0 act+ traditionally1 )\t consid]+ ! ess5tial "* ( ! situation4 ,i c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 all[ ! *ild to dabble 9 t bas9 ( wat]1 !re1 because %e w\ld be apt to spatt] x on ! floor & to get h] clo!s wet4 ,b on t w>m summ] day1 :y c\ld ,i n set h] outdoors on ! grass1 ) a bit ( oilclo? gird$ ab\t h] wai/ s t %e %\ld n spoil h] dress8 ,h] evid5t int]e/ 9 ! wat] 0 an indication ( a natural =ce :i* x might be possible to utilize to give h] "s muscul> tra9+ :i* w\ld ent]ta9 h] at ! same "t4 ,:5 ,i really came to ?9k ab\t x1 !re is no?+ inh]5tly wick$ 9 play+ 9 wat]4 ,= ! almo/ sup]human ef=t necess>y to use reason ab\t a fact ! outl9es ( :i* are dull$ by famili>ity1 ,i 0 rew>d$ _m times ov] by ! discov]y ( a 8s5sory ex]cise0 :i* app>5tly is ( ! highe/ value4 ,! *ild 9 "q1 provid$ ) a pan ( wat]1 & v>i\s cups & jelly-molds ( diff]5t sizes1 :i* ,i snat*$ at r&om f ! kit*5-%elf1 0 9 a /ate ( sil5t bliss4 ,%e fill$ ! little cups up to ! brim1 %e lift$ !m ) an anxi\s c>e :i* no exhortation ( m9e c\ld h induc$ h] to apply1 %e drank f !m1 %e p\r$ _! cont5ts into ea* o!r1 discov]+ = h]self t ! small] ones mu/ be empti$ into ! bigg] ones & n vice v]sa1 %e fill$ !m aga9 ) a spoon4 ,at fir/ %e did all ?is v clumsily1 al?\gh always ) ! mo/ pa9/ak+ c>e1 b z ! days w5t on ) repetitions ( ?is game1 h] dext]ity became a/oni%+1 z 0 h] et]nal int]e/ 9 ! monoton\s proce$+4 ,n[ %e is n only kept quiet & happy = ab\t an h\r a day by ?is amusem5t1 & %e has n only le>n$ to fill & h&le h] little cups & jelly-molds v deftly1 b ! op]ation ( dr9k+ out ( a wat]-glass at ! table is ( a simplicity fairly b5ea? h] contempt4 ,i smile to see our gue/s gasp & dodge 9 dismay z1 ) ! reckless ab&on ( h] age1 %e grasps h] wat]-glass ) "o h&1 n deign+ ev5 to look at x1 & conveys x to h] lips4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 no matt] h[ ha/ily or c>elessly %e does ?is1 %e almo/ nev] spills a drop4 ,! control ( ut5sils conta9+ liquids has be5 s ?or\ghly le>n$ by h] muscles 9 ! long h\rs ( happy play ) h] little cups t x is p]fectly automatic4 ,%e no m spills wat] f h] glass ?an ,i fall d[n on ! floor :5 ,i cross a room1 ev5 ?\gh ,i may be q abs5t-m9d$ ab\t t und]tak+4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,m ,,ab\t ,,discipl9e1 ,,) ,,special ,,reg>d ,,to ,,ob$i5ce ,i mu/ /op at ?is po9t & devote a p>agraph or two to lay+ ! gho/ ( ano!r ,puritan ance/or :o dem&s1 8,b :]e does ! discipl9e come 9 "h1 if x is all automatic & unconsci\s8 ,:y sneak exactitude ( muscul> action into ! *ild's life by ! back door1 s to speak8 ,w\ld x n be bett] = h] moral nature to comm& h] outright n to spill ! wat] f h] glass at table1 & =ce h] to use h] w-p[] by puni%+ h] if %e does80 ,!re are sev]al answ]s to ?is se>*+ "q1 :i* is by no means s simple & direct z x s\nds4 ,! mo/ obvi\s "o is ! retort brutal1 i4e41 t a great _m g5]ations h exp]im5t$ ) t simple me?od ( tra9+ *ildr51 ) ! result t family life has be5 consid]ably embitt]$ & ! *ildr5 v poorly tra9$4 ,9 o!r words1 t practical exp]i5ce has %[n x to be a v bad me?od inde$ & 9 use only because we "k no bett] "o4 ,"o ( ! reasons :y x is bad is because x confuses two radically diff]5t activities 9 ! *ild's life1 includ+ bo? "u "o f> too-sweep+ comm&4 ,! *ild's ability to h&le a glass ( wat] is an entirely diff]5t function f its will+ness to obey ord]s4 ,to require ( its nasc5t capacities at ! same in/ant a new muscul> skill & ! moral ef=t necess>y to obey a comm& is to invite almo/ c]ta9 failure4 ,worse ?an ?is1 & 9 fact z bad z any?+ c be1 ! result ( ?is impossibly comp5di\s comm& is to br+ ab\t a hopeless confusion 9 ! *ild's m9d :i* means unnecess>y n]v\s t5sion & friction & ! beg9n+ ( an utt]ly deplorable m5tal habit ( n]v\s t5sion & irritat$ resi/ance 9 ! *ild's m9d1 :5ev] a comm& is giv54 ,t ?is in/9ct ( irritat$ resi/ance is n a natural "o is prov$ by ! happily ob$i5t old] *ildr5 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 9 ,rome4 ,fur!rmore1 anyone :o w1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 try ! simple exp]im5t ( ask+ a little *ild 7too "y to h acquir$ ?is bad m5tal habit7 to p]=m "s op]ation :i* he has ?or\ghly ma/]$1 w be conv9c$ t ob$i5ce 9 itself involves no pa9 to a *ild4 ,z to ! second dem& ( my ,puritan ance/or1 :i* runs1 8,& =ce h] to use h] w-p[] by puni%m5t10 ! same flat d5ial mu/ be giv5 t proposition4 ,exp]i5ce proves t y c prev5t a *ild f p]=m+ "s s+le special action by means ( ext]nal puni%m5t1 b t /imulat+ ! prop] use ( ! w-p[] is some?+ entirely diff]5t4 ,app>5tly ! w-p[] is m apt to be p]v]t$ into grotesque & unpr(itable %apes by ! use ( puni%m5t ?an to be enc\rag$ into upright1 useful1 & vigor\s gr[?4 ,& "h x is well to "q our own he>ts deeply to make sure t we really wi%1 hone/ly1 )\t m5tal res]vations1 to /imulate ! w-p[] ( our *ildr5--_! w-p[]1 be x rememb]$1 n our own4 ,is !re1 9 ! motives :i* actuate our attempts at secur+ ob$i5ce f *ildr51 a trace ( ! animal-tra9]'s in/9ct8 ,=1 ?\gh x is true t *ildr5 are little animals1 & t !y c be successfully tra9$ by ! me?od ( ! animal-tra9]1 x is n to be =gott5 t !y are tra9$ by ^? me?ods only to feats ( exactly ! same moral & intellectual calib] z ^? p]=m$ by trick dogs & cats4 ,!y are =c$ to /ruggle bl9dly1 & :olly )\t aid1 t[>ds :atev] human a*ievem5ts !y may lat] accompli%1 ) ! add$ disadvantage ( ! m5tal habit ei!r ( sull5 dissembl$ revolt or cru%$ m5tal s]vility1 accord+ to _! temp]am5ts4 ,! end & aim ( ! horse-break]'s ef=t is to create an animal :o w obey lit]ally1 ) no volition ( 8 own1 any comm& ( any human be+4 ,! consci5ti\s p>5t :o faces squ>ely ?is ultimate logical conclusion ( ! animal-tra9]'s sy/em1 mu/ see t 8 own aim1 be+ entirely oppos$ to t1 mu/ be atta9$ by v diff]5t means2 & t1 s9ce 8 f9al goal is to produce a be+ :olly & wisely self-gov]n+1 ! soon] ! *ild c be induc$ to beg9 ! ex]cise ( ! faculty ( self-gov]nm5t1 ! m season$ 9 exp]i5ce x w be :5 vital ?+s beg9 to dep5d on x4 ,x is highly probable t 9 ! he>t ( ! mod]n p>5t ( ! be/ type1 if !re is /ill "s ( ! animal-tra9]'s in/9ct1 he is q & hone/ly unconsci\s ( x & w\ld be a%am$ ( x if he recogniz$ x4 ,i ?9k mo/ ( u c say s9c]ely t we h no consci\s wi% = any?+ b ! *ild's be/ welf>e4 ,b 9 say+ ?is1 we admit at once t our problem is va/ly m subtle & complicat$ ?an ! horse-break]'s1 & t we are 9 ne$ ( e ray ( light f any s\rce possible4 ,! p>ticul>1 vivify+ tru? :i* we mu/ impr9t on our m9ds 9 ?is connection is t spontaneity ( action is ! absolute pr]equisite = any moral or intellectual advance on ! "p ( any human be+4 ,nor is ?is1 ?\gh s con/antly insi/$ ^u by ,dr4 ,montessori1 any new inv5tion ( h]s4 ,dimly felt1 x has regulat$ m or less ! be/ action ( ! be/ prea*]s1 ! be/ tea*]s & lawgiv]s s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,pe/alozzi =mulat$ x 9 ! h>d say+1 all ! m poignant because x came f a man :o _h devot$ himself ) su* passionate affection to 8 pupils1 8,i h f\nd t no man 9 ,god's wide e>? is able to help any o!r man4 ,help mu/ come f ! bosom alone40 ,froebel1 9 all 8 g5]al rem>ks on education1 /ates ?is pr9ciple cle>ly4 ,f9ally1 x has be5 cry/alliz$ 9 ! homely adage ( old wives1 8,e *ild's got to d its own gr[+40 ,we all admit ! tru? ( ?is !ory4 ,:at is s />tl+ ab\t ,dr4 ,montessori's attitude t[>ds x1 is t %e really acts ^u x6 ,m ?an t1 %e expects u to act on x1 all ! "t1 9 all ! multi=m crises ( our lives z p>5ts1 9 ?is intricate problem ( discipl9e & ! tra9+ ( ! w-p[] z well z 9 ! simpl] =m ( physically refra9+ f int]f]+ ) ! *ild's ef=ts to fe$ & dress himself4 ,& yet x is natural en\gh t we %\ld f9d at fir/ sight su* g5]al philosophic /atem5ts r vague & remote1 & n at all suffici5tly reassur+ z we /& face to face ) ! problem ( secur+ ob$i5ce f a lively *ild ( ?ree4 ,we may h se5 h[ we ov]look$ ! obvi\s reason :y a *ild :o _c obey a comm& w n2 & we may be q conv9c$ t ! fir/ /ep 9 secur+ bo? self-control & ob$i5ce f a *ild is to put ! necess>y means 9 8 p[]2 & yet we may be /ill frankly at a loss & deeply appreh5sive ab\t :at seems ! hopeless und]tak+ ( directly secur+ ob$i5ce ev5 aft] ! *ild has le>n$ h[ to obey4 ,all t ,dr4 ,montessori has done = u s f> is to call our att5tion to ! fact1 :i* we did n 9 ! lea/ p]ceive be=e1 t a *ild is no m born into ! _w ) a full-fl$g$ capacity to obey ord]s1 ?an to d a sum 9 ari?metic4 ,b ?\gh we agree t we mu/ fir/ tea* him 8 numb]s be=e expect+ him to add & subtract1 h[1 we ask ourselves anxi\sly1 c we be 9 ! lea/ sure t he w be will+ to use 8 numb]s to d sums )1 t he w be will+ to utilize 8 c>eful prep>atory tra9+ :5 x comes to ! po9t ( really obey+ ord]s4 ,at ?is juncture ,i c recomm5d f successful p]sonal exp]i5ce a c\rage\s ab&onm5t ( our traditional attitude ( deep di/ru/ t[>ds life1 ( our m$ieval conviction t desirable traits c only be hew$ pa9fully out across ! gra9 ( human nature4 ,! old mon/r\s idea :i* und]lay all s*ool+ 0 t ! act ( educat+ himself 0 fundam5tally abhorr5t to a *ild & t he c\ld be =c$ to d x only by ext]nal viol5ce4 ,?is 0 an idea1 held by m g5]ations ( s*ool-tea*]s & p>5ts ?an is at all pleasant to consid]1 :5 "o reflects t x w\ld h be5 swept out ^u ! dump-heap ( disc>d$ sup]/itions by "o s+le1 unprejudic$ survey ( "o normal *ild "u normal conditions4 ,dr4 ,montessori1 c>ry+ to its full ext5t a !ory :i* has be5 sl[ly ga9+ gr\nd 9 ! m9ds ( all mod]n enlight5$ tea*]s1 has be5 ! fir/ to h ! c\rage to act )\t res]vation on ! /r5g? ( h] obs]vation t ! *ild pref]s le>n+ to any o!r occupation1 s9ce ! *ild is ! true repres5tative ( our race :i* does advance1 ev5 ) su* pa9ful sl[ness1 away f ignorance t[>ds k4 ,n[1 9 addition %e tells u j z =cibly1 t !y pref] "r1 ord]ly1 discipl9$ behavior to ! unregulat$ disob$i5ce :i* we sl&]\sly insi/ is _! natural ta/e4 ,z a result ( h] sci5tific & unbias$ obs]vation ( *ild-life %e in=ms u t our usual lack ( success 9 h&l+ ! problems ( ob$i5ce comes because1 :ile we d n expect a *ild at two or ?ree or ev5 f\r to h ma/]$ completely ev5 ! elem5ts ( any o!r ( 8 activities1 we d expect him to h ma/]$ all ! complex muscul>1 n]v\s1 m5tal1 & moral elem5ts involv$ 9 ! act ( ob$i5ce to a comm& f outside 8 own individuality4 ,%e po9ts out t ob$i5ce is evid5tly a deep-root$ in/9ct 9 human nature1 s9ce society is f\nd$ on ob$i5ce4 ,inde$1 on ! :ole1 hi/ory seems to %[ t ! av]age human be+ has altoge!r too mu* native in/9ct to obey anyone :o w %\t out a comm&2 & t ! advance f "o bad =m ( gov]nm5t to ano!r only slightly bett]1 is s sl[ because ! mass ( gr[n m5 are too mu* giv5 to obey+ almo/ any positive ord] issu$ to !m4 ,go+ back to our surpris$ recognition ( ! *ild z an inh]itor ( human nature 9 its entirety1 we mu/ admit t ob$i5ce is almo/ c]ta9ly an in/9ct lat5t 9 *ildr54 ,! obvi\s !oretic d$uction f ?is reason+ is1 t we ne$ nei!r p]suade nor =ce a *ild to obey1 b only cle>-sight$ly remove ! v>i\s moral & physical ob/ructions :i* lie 9 ! way ( 8 ob$i5ce1 ) ! confid5t expectation t 8 lat5t in/9ct w develop spontane\sly 9 ! new & favorable conditions4 ,:5 we plant a bean 9 ! gr\nd we d n feel t we ne$ to try to =ce x to gr[2 inde$1 we "k v well t we c d no?+ :atev] ab\t t s9ce x is gov]n$ entirely by ! pres5ce or abs5ce 9 ! se$ ( ! my/]i\s elem5t ( life2 nor d we feel any appreh5sion ab\t ! capacity ( t smoo?1 small se$1 ultimately to develop into a v9e :i* w climb up ! pole we h set = x1 w blossom1 & be> fruit4 ,we "k t1 b>r+ accid5ts 7:i* x is our bus9ess z g>d5]s to prev5t71 x _c d any?+ else1 because t is ! nature ( beans1 & we "k all ab\t ! nature ( beans f a long acqua9tance ) !m4 ,we w\ld laugh at an ignorant1 city-br$ p]son g>d5+ = ! fir/ "t1 :o1 ! in/ant ! two broad cotyl$ons %[$ above ! gr\nd1 began ty+ /r+s to !m to induce !m to climb 8 pole4 ,our advice to him w\ld be ! obvi\s c\nsel1 8,leave !m alone until !y gr[ _! t5drils4 ,y n only c't d any good by try+ to induce ^? fir/ primitive leaves to climb1 b y may hurt y\r plant s t x w nev] develop normally40 ,! "q seems to be1 :e!r we w h ! c\rage & good s5se to take simil> s\nd advice f a m exp]i5c$ & a wis] *ild-g>d5]4 ,dr4 ,montessori n only exp\nds to u !oretically ?is doctr9e t ! *ild1 prop]ly tra9$1 w spontane\sly obey reasonable ord]s suit$ to 8 age ) a prompt will+ness :i* gr[s ) 8 gr[?1 b %e %[s u 9 ! g>d5 ( h] s*ools1 bean-poles wrea!d triumphantly ) v9es to ! v top4 ,or1 to drop a p]haps too-elaborat$ metaphor1 %e %[s u *ildr5 ( ?ree or f\r :o will+ly obey sugge/ions suit$ to _! capacities1 develop+ rapidly & surely into *ildr5 ( six & sev5 ^: ob$i5ce 9 all ?+s is a natural & delightful function ( _! lives4 ,%e n only says to u1 8,?is !ory w "w 9 actual practice10 b1 8,x has work$4 ,look at ! result60 ,( c\rse ! crux ( ! matt] lies 9 t phrase1 8prop] tra9+40 ,x means ye>s ( pati5t1 intellig5t1 fai?ful ef=t on ! "p ( ! gu>dian1 to cle> away f be=e ! *ild ! diff]5t ob/acles to ! free natural gr[? ( ?is1 z ( all o!r desirable in/9cts ( human nature4 ,to give our *ildr5 ?is 8prop] tra9+0 x is n en\gh to h intellectually grasp$ ! !ory ( ! ,montessori me?od4 ,) ea* individual *ild we h a fre% problem ( its application to him4 ,our "m-wits mu/ be %>p5$ & 9 con/ant use4 ,dr4 ,montessori has only compil$ a book ( recipes1 :i* w n fe$ our families1 unless we ex]t ourselves1 & unless we provide ! necess>y +r$i5ts ( pati5ce1 intellig5ce1 good judgm5t1 & devotion4 ,! prize :i* seems possible to atta9 by su* ef=ts makes !m1 h[ev]1 wor?y ( all ! "t & ?\ght we may possibly put ^u !m4 ,app>5tly1 judg+ by ! results obta9$ 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i among ,italian *ildr51 & by ,miss ,george 9 h] s*ool = ,am]ican *ildr51 !re is no m ne$ = ! occasional /orms ( temp] or outbreaks ( exasp]at$ egotism :i* are s famili> to all ( u :o c>e = *ildr51 ?an !re is = ! occasional 8fits ( indige/ion10 8fev]i%ness10 or 8tee?+-sickness0 ! almo/ univ]sal abs5ce ( :i* 9 ! lives ( our sci5tifically-re>$ *ildr5 s a/oni%es ! old] g5]ation4 ,= ! notable success ( ,miss ,george's ,t>ryt[n s*ool disposes once & = all ( ! !ory t 8x may "w = ,italians1 b n ) our naturally self-indulg5t1 spoil$ ,am]ican *ildr540 ,fre% f ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 9 ,rome1 ,i visit$ ,miss ,george's ,*ildr5's ,home &1 except = ! language1 w\ld h ?\ght myself aga9 on ! ,via ,giu/i4 ,! same happy1 un=c$ int]e/ 9 ! "w1 ! same ,montessori atmosph]e ( spontane\s life1 ! same utt] unconsci\sness ( visitors1 ! same a/oni%+ indu/ry4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,c\nt+ ,,boxes4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,:5 !oretically by talk & discussion ) exp]ts on ! subject & practically by ! sight ( ! a/oni%+ results %[n 9 ! enlight5m5t & self-ma/]y ( ! old] *ildr5 :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 ! sy/em1 ,i 0 l$ t[>ds ! conviction t *ildr5 really h n t irresi/ible t5d5cy t[>ds naught9ess :i* my ,puritan blood l$ me unconsci\sly to assume1 b t _! natural t5d5cy is on ! :ole to pref] to d :at is be/ = !m1 ,i felt z ?\gh someone _h tri$ to prove to me t ! _w be=e my eyes 0 emancipat+ itself f ! action ( "s suppos$ly inexorable natural law4 ,naturally1 be+ an ,anglo-,saxon1 an inhabitant ( a cold climate1 & ! desc5dant ( ^? tr\blesome ,puritan =efa!rs1 :o h int]f]$ s mu* ) ! composition ( ?is book1 ,i c\ld n1 all 9 a brea?1 9 ?is dizzy+ mann] lose t firm conviction ( ,orig9al ,s9 :i*1 ?\gh no long] insi/$ ^u op5ly 9 ! tea*+s ( ! *ur*1 :i* ,i no long] att5d z assidu\sly z my p>5ts1 /ill is1 ,i discov]$1 a v vital elem5t 9 my conception ( life4 ,no1 ! doctr9e ( ,orig9al ,s9 is 9 ! v m>r[ ( my ,new ,engl& bones1 b1 z a lov] ( my k9d1 ,i rejoice to be conv9c$ ( ! smallness ( its proportion 9 relation to o!r elem5ts ( human nature1 & ,i be> witness gladly t ,i nev] saw or he>d ( a s+le case ( wilful naught9ess among all ! *ildr5 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 9 ,rome4 ,& ?\gh ,i /ill cl+ unreasonably to my sup]/ition t !re is1 at lea/ 9 "s ,am]ican *ildr51 an irr$ucible m9imum ( ! quality :i* our c\ntry p picturesquely call 8,! ,old ,h>ry10 ,i am conv9c$ t !re is f>1 f> less ( x ?an ,i suppos$1 & ,i am ov]come ) retrospective remorse = all ! *ildr5 ,i h misjudg$ 9 ! c\rse ( my life4 ,to put x /ati/ically1 ,i w\ld e/imate t out ( e ?\s& cases ( 8naught9ess0 among little *ildr51 n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e are due to some?+ else ?an a 8bad0 impulse 9 ! *ild's he>t4 ,old-wife wisdom has already r$uc$ by "o-half ! p]c5tage ( infantile wick$ness1 9 its fireside prov]b1 8,give a "y "o t's act+ bad some?+ to eat & put him to b$4 ,half ! "t he's tir$ or />v$ & don't "k :at ails him40 ,x n[ seems likely t ! o!r half ( ! "t he is ei!r hungry = intellectual food1 we>y ) ! artificial /imulation ( too mu* m+l+ ) adult life1 or exasp]at$ by p]fectly unnecess>y insi/5ce on a code ( rules :i* has really no?+ to d ) ! "q ( "r or wrong conduct4 ,:5 x comes to *oos+ betwe5 really "r & really wrong conduct1 app>5tly ! majority ( ! *ild's natural in/9cts are = ! really "r1 z is %[n by 8 real pref]5ce = ! ord]ly1 educat+ activity ( ! ,*ildr5's ,home ov] disord]ly 8naught9ess40 ,our bus9ess %\ld be to see to x t he is giv5 ! *oice4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,a ,,univ]sal ,,adoption ,,( ,,! ,,montessori ,,ideas ,n[1 ( c\rse1 x is inf9itely easi] 9 ! fir/ place to cry out to a *ild1 8,oh1 don't be s c>eless60 ?an to consid] ?us ) pa9ful c>e all ! elem5ts lack+ 9 8 tra9+ :i* make him he$less1 & ?r\gh\t ye>s ( consci5ti\s ef=t to ex]cise ! +5uity necess>y to supply ^? lack+ elem5ts4 ,b s]i\s-m9d$ p>5ts d n & %\ld n expect to f9d life a fl[]y b$ ( ease1 & x is my conviction t mo/ ( u w welcome ) he>tfelt joy any possible solution ( our desp]ately press+ problems1 ev5 if x involves ! process ( oil+ & sett+ 9 motion ! little-us$ ma*9]y ( our bra9s4 ,i am oppos$ 9 ?is optimi/ic conviction by t small segm5t ( ! circle ( my acqua9tances compos$ ( ! doctors :om ,i happ5 to "k p]sonally4 ,!y take a gloomy view ( ! matt] & tell me t _! exp]i5ce ) human nature leads !m to fe> t ! rules ( moral & intellectual hygi5e ( *ildhood1 ( ?is new sy/em1 excell5t ?\gh !y are1 w be obs]v$ ) z little fai?fulness z ! equally wise rules ( physical hygi5e = adults :i* ! doctors h be5 endeavor+ va9ly to h u adopt4 ,!y in=m me t !y h le>n$ t1 if ob$i5ce to ! laws ( hygi5e requires cont9u\s ef=t1 day aft] day1 p w n obey !m1 ev5 ?\gh by s do+ !y w\ld avoid ! pa9s & maladies :i* !y s dread4 8,p w take pills10 physicians report1 8b !y w n take ex]cise4 ,if y\r new sy/em told !m ( "s "o or two supreme actions :i* w\ld b5efit _! *ildr51 q a numb] ( p>5ts w\ld /ra9 e n]ve to accompli% ! necess>y feats4 ,b :at y are tell+ !m is only ano!r =m ( :at we cry s va9ly1 namely t !y !mselves mu/ obs]ve nature & foll[ h] laws1 & t no action ( _! doctors1 wise ?\gh !y may be1 c vic>i\sly p]=m ?is function = !m4 ,y w see t y\r ,dr4 ,montessori's exhortations w h z little effect z ^? ( any o!r physician40 ,i confess t at fir/ ,i 0 some:at ca/ d[n by ^! pessimi/ic prophecies1 = ev5 a casual glance ov] any gr\p ( ord9>y acqua9tances %[s only too mu* gr\nd = su* conclusions4 ,b a m prolong$ scrut9y ( j su* a casually select$ gr\p ( acqua9tances1 & a little m se>*+ inquiry into ! matt] has br\ght out facts :i* lead to m enc\rag+ ideas4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! doctors are sc>cely correct :5 !y assume t !y h always be5 ! repository ( a wisdom :i* we laity h ob/9ately refus$ to take ov] f !m4 ,comp>atively speak+1 x is only ye/]day t ! doctors !mselves outgrew ! idea t pills 7 ! div9ely appo9t$ cures = all ills4 ,s rec5t is ?is revolution 9 ideas t !re are /ill left among u 9 eddies1 out ( ! ma9 /ream1 eld]ly doctors :o lay v little ( ! mod]n fanatical /ress on diet1 & burn v little inc5se be=e ! mod]n alt> ( fre% air & ex]cise4 ,x seems e>ly 9 ! day to conclude t ! majority ( mank9d w n take good advice if x is (f]$ !m1 a s>donic conclusion disprov$ by ! a?letic clubs all ov] ! c\ntry1 ! sleep+-por*es burgeon+ out f l>ge & small h\ses1 ! millions ( b>efoot$ *ildr5 9 romp]s1 ! regim5ts ( t5nis-play+ adolesc5ts & golf-play+ eld]s1 ! myriads ( diet-/udy+ h\sewives1 ! gladly accept$ army ( tra9$ nurses4 ,we may n d z well z we might1 b we c]ta9ly h n turn$ deaf e>s to all ! exhortations ( reason & enlight5m5t4 ,fur!rmore1 beside ! fact t doctors h be5 prea*+ 8hygi5e aga9/ drugs0 to u only a %ort "t1 x is to be borne 9 m9d t1 z a class1 !y d n add to _! _m noble & glori\s qualities ( m9d & he>t a v ard5t proselytiz+ f]vor4 ,x seems to be aga9/ ! 8temp]am5t0 ( ! pr(ession4 ,if y g to a doctor's (fice1 & consult him pr(essionally he w1 x is true1 tell y n[adays n to take pills1 b to take pl5ty ( ex]cise & sleep1 to eat mod]ately1 avoid worry1 & dr9k pl5ty ( pure wat]2 b y d n ev] run across him prea*+ ^! doctr9es f a b>rel-head on ! /reet-corn]1 to all :o w he>4 ,! traditional dignity ( 8 pr(ession =bids su* ,salvation ,army me?ods4 ,! doctors ( a t[n are apt1 prud5tly1 to boil ! wat] us$ 9 _! own h\seholds & to advise ?is c\rse ( action to any :o seek _! c\nsel1 r ?an to b& toge!r 9 an aggressive1 unit$ company & make !mselves disagreeably conspicu\s by clamor+ insi/5tly at ! prim>ies & polls = bett] wat] = ! t[n4 ,x is p]haps n q fair to accuse u laity ( ob/9acy 9 refus+ advice :i* has be5 (f]$ ) su* g5tlemanly res]ve4 ,!n1 !re is ! obvi\s fact t doctors1 l lawy]s1 see pr(essionally only ! ail+ or malcont5ts ( ! human family1 & !y suff] f a t5d5cy common to u all1 to g5]alize f ! results ( _! own obs]vation4 ,our own obs]vation ( our own community may q hone/ly lead u to ! opposite ( _! conclusions1 namely t x is well wor? :ile to make e ef=t = ! diffusion ( !ories :i* t5d to improve daily life1 s9ce1 on ! :ole1 p seem to h pick$ up v quickly inde$ ! reasonable doctr9e ( ! prev5tion ( illness by means ( heal?y lives4 ,if !y h done ?is1 & are1 to all appe>ances1 try+ h>d to le>n m ab\t ! process1 x is reasonable to hope t !y w cat* at a simil> reasonable m5tal & moral hygi5e = _! *ildr51 & t !y w le>n to leave (f ! unnecess>y m5tal & moral re/rictions1 ! unwise int]f]5ce ) ! *ild's gr[? & undue insi/5ce on con=mity to adult ideas ( regul>ity1 j z !y h le>n$ h[ to leave (f ! innum]able lay]s ( />*$ petticoats1 ! /iff scrat*y pantalets1 & ! close1 smo!r+ sunbonnets 9 :i* our lov+ & devot$ great-gr&mo!rs requir$ our gr&mo!rs to gr[ up4 ,la/ly1 !re is a vital elem5t 9 ! situation :i* is p]haps n suffici5tly consid]$ by p anxi\s to avoid ! *>ge ( s5tim5tality4 ,?is elem5t is ! /r5g? ( p>5tal affection1 p]haps ! /ronge/ & mo/ endur+ passion :i* falls to ! lot ( ord9>y human be+s4 ,only a ,napoleon c c>ry ambition to ! int5sity ( a passion4 ,great1 ov]ma/]+ love betwe5 man & woman is n s common z our romantic tradition w\ld h u believe4 ,9 ! _w ( religion1 sa9ts are few & f> betwe54 ,mo/ ( u manage to live )\t be+ consum$ by ! re=m+ fev] ( ^? r>e s\ls :o suff] "u inju/ice to o!rs z ?\gh x 7 practis$ on !mselves4 ,b ne>ly e h\se :i* conta9s *ildr51 %elt]s also two human be+s ! h>d cru/ ( ^: natural egotism & moral slo? has be5 at lea/ crack$ by ! %att]+ =ce ( ?is primeval passion = _! "y1 two human be+s1 :o1 no matt] h[ l[ _! position 9 ! scale ( human e?ical developm5t1 h 9 !m to "s ext5t t div9e capacity = will+ self-sacrifice :i* comes1 "u o!r conditions1 only to ! r>e/ & mo/ spiritual-m9d$ memb]s ( ! race4 ,x is n s5tim5tality b a simple /atem5t ( fact to say t !re is 9 p>5ts :o take c>e ( _! own *ildr5 7z mo/ ,am]ican p>5ts d7 a natural fund ( en]gy1 pati5ce1 & will+ness to und]go self-discipl9e1 :i* _c be c\nt$ ^u 9 any o!r num]\s class ( p4 ,! ,montessori sy/em1 ) its fre%1 vivid pres5tation ( axiomatic tru?s1 ) a f]v5t hope ( a practical application ( !m to ! ev]yday life ( e *ild1 addresses itself to ^! qualities 9 p>5ts2 &1 = ! s\nd developm5t ( its fundam5tal idea ( self-education & self-gov]nm5t1 tru/s n only to ! wise conclaves ( pr(essional p$agogues1 b to ! co-op]ation ( ! fa!rs & mo!rs ( ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,is ,,!re ,,any ,,real ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,montessori ,,sy/em ,,& ,,! ,,k9d]g>t58 ,no "o realizes m acutely ?an ,i t ! composition ( ?is *apt] presupposes an am\nt ( c\rage on my "p :i* x is p]haps h>dly exagg]ation to call foolh>d9ess4 ,t ,i am really v5tur+ ^u a battlegr\nd is evid5t to me f ! note ( r fi]ce anticipatory disapproval :i* ,i he> 9 ! voice ( ev]yone :o asks me ! "q :i* heads ?is *apt]4 ,x always acc5t$1 8,is !re any real diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,montessori sy/em & ! k9d]g>t580 ) ! evid5t design ( =c+ a negative answ]4 ,oddly en\gh1 ! same reluctance to grant ! possibility ( any?+ new 9 ! ,italian me?od *>act]izes ! attitude ( ^? :o int5sely dislike ! k9d]g>t5s1 z well z t ( its devot$ adh]5ts4 ,p :o consid] ! k9d]g>t5 8all s5tim5tal1 en]vat+ twaddle0 ask ! "q ) a trucul5t tone :i* makes _! qu]y mean1 8,?is new sy/em is j ! same sort ( nons5se1 isn't x n[802 :ile ^? :o feel t ! k9d]g>t5 is "o ( ! vital1 purify+1 & uplift+ =ces 9 mod]n society evid5tly use ! "q z a means ( /at+1 8,x c't be any?+ diff]5t f ! be/ k9d]g>t5 ideas1 = !y are ! be/ possible40 ,i h se5 too mu* beautiful k9d]g>t5 "w & h too s9c]e an affection = ! sweet & pure "* ( ,froebel to h mu* community ( feel+ ) ! r brutal negations ( ! fir/ class ( inquir]s4 ,if !y c see no?+ 9 k9d]g>t5s b ! s5tim5tality :i* is und\bt$ly !re1 b :i* _c possibly1 ev5 9 ! mo/ exagg]at$ manife/ations ( x1 vitiate all ! f9ely uplift+ elem5ts 9 ^? in/itutions1 x is ( no use to expect f !m an und]/&+ ( a sy/em :i*1 l ! ,froebelian1 re/s ultimately ^u a religi\s fai? 9 ! /r5g? ( ! in/9ct = p]fection 9 ! human race4 ,x is !re=e l>gely = ! sake ( p l myself1 ) a natural sympa?y = ! k9d]g>t51 t ,i am sett+ out ^u ! difficult und]tak+ ( /at+ :at 9 my m9d are ! diff]5ces betwe5 a ,froebelian & a ,montessori s*ool = infants4 ,i mu/ beg9 by say+ t !re are a great _m resemblances1 z is inevitable 9 ! case ( two me?ods :i* "w ^u ! same mat]ial--*ildr5 f ?ree to six4 ,& ( c\rse x is h>dly necess>y =mally to admit t ! ultimate aim ( ! two educators is alike1 because ! aim :i* is common to !m--an ard5t desire to d ! be/ ?+ possible = ! *ildr5 )\t reg>d = ! conv5i5ce ( ! adults :o tea* !m--is ! sign manual ?r\gh\t all ! ages1 f ,plato & ,qu9tilian d[n1 :i* di/+ui%es ! educator f ! m]e s*ool-tea*]4 ,!re are a good _m diff]5ces 9 ! didactic app>atus & use ( x1 "s ( :i* are too te*nical to be treat$ fully "h1 su* z ! fact t ,froebel1 mov$ by 8 own extreme int]e/ 9 cry/als & _! =ms1 provides a numb] ( ex]cises = tea*+ *ildr5 ! analysis ( geometrical =ms1 :]eas ,dr4 ,montessori ?9ks be/ n to und]take ?is ) *ildr5 s "y4 ,k9d]g>t5 *ildr5 are n taught read+ & writ+1 & ,montessori *ildr5 are4 ,k9d]g>t5 *ildr5 le>n m ab\t ! relations ( :oles to p>ts 9 _! 8numb] "w10 :ile 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i !re is m att5tion paid to numb]s 9 _! s]ies4 ,!re are ( c\rse _m o!r diff]5ces 9 te*nic & app>atus1 su* z might be expect$ 9 two sy/ems f\nd$ by educators sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ! passage ( sixty ye>s & by a diff]5ce 9 race z well z by tra9+ & environm5t4 ,?is is especially true 9 reg>d to ! great] emphasis laid by ,dr4 ,montessori on ! c>eful1 m9ute obs]vation ( ! *ildr5 be=e & dur+ any attempt to in/ruct !m4 ,tra9$ z %e has be5 9 ! sev]ely unrel5t+ rule = exactitude ( ! positive sci5ces1 9 :i* intellig5t obs]vation is elevat$ to ! position ( ! c>d9al virtue necess>y to intellectual salvation1 h] in/9ct1 /r5g!n$ s9ce !n by mu* exp]i5ce1 0 to give h]self pl5ty ( "t always to exam9e ! subject ( h] exp]im5tation4 ,j z a sci5tific horticulturi/ obs]ves m9utely ! habits ( a plant be=e he tries a new f]tiliz] on x1 & aft] he has made ! exp]im5t goes on obs]v+ ! plant ) ev5 m passionately absorb$ att5tion1 s ,dr4 ,montessori tra9s h] tea*]s to take "t1 all !y ne$1 to obs]ve ! *ildr5 be=e1 dur+1 & aft] any giv5 ex]cise4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 ! natural in/9ct ( ,froebel1 ( e born tea*]1 b ! r\t9e ( ! av]age s*ool or k9d]g>t5 gives ! tea*] only too few m9utes = x1 n to speak ( ! long h\rs necess>y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ev5 9 ! details ( ! te*nic1 !re is mu* simil>ity betwe5 ! two sy/ems4 ,"s ( ! k9d]g>t5 blocks are us$ 9 ,montessori 8s5sory ex]cises40 ,9 bo? in/itutions ! ideal1 seldom atta9$ z yet1 is = ! sy/ematic introduction ( g>d5+ & ! c>e ( animals4 ,9 bo? ! *ildr5 play games & dance to music2 "s regul> k9d]g>t5 games are us$ 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i2 9 bo? s*ools ! fir/ aim is to make ! *ildr5 happy2 9 nei!r are !y reprov$ or puni%$4 ,bo? sy/ems be> 9 e detail ! impr9t ( extreme love & rev]5ce = *ildhood4 ,& yet ! moral atmosph]e ( a k9d]g>t5 is z diff]5t f t ( a ,casa dei ,bamb9i z possible1 & ! real tru? ( ! matt] is t "o is actually & fundam5tally oppos$ to ! o!r4 ,to expla9 ?is1 a few words ( comm5t on ,froebel1 8 life1 & ! subsequ5t =tunes ( 8 ideas may be useful4 ,^! facts are s well kn[n1 ow+ to ! univ]sal respect & affection = ?is great b5efactor ( *ildhood1 t ! m]e/ m5tion ( !m w suffice4 ,! dates ( 8 bir? & dea? are significant1 #aghb-aheb1 z is a brief br++ to m9d ( ! int5sely ,g]man ,prote/ant piety ( 8 surr\nd+s4 ,he di$ sixty ye>s ago1 & a great deal ( educational wat] has fl[$ "u s*ool bridges s9ce !n4 ,he di$ be=e anyone dream$ ( mod]n sci5tific laboratories1 su* z ^? 9 :i* ! ,italian educator receiv$ h] s\nd1 practical tra9+1 a tra9+ :i* n only put at h] disposition an am\nt ( accurate in=mation ab\t ! subject ( h] inve/igation :i* w\ld h dazzl$ ,froebel1 b =m$ h] 9 ! fix$ habit ( inductive reason+ :i* has made possible ! brilliant a*ievem5ts ( mod]n positive sci5ces1 & :i* 0 z little common 9 ,froebel's "t z ! data on :i* x works4 ,t he felt in/9ctively ! ne$s = ?is solid f\ndation is %[n by 8 crav+ = in/ruction 9 ! natural sci5ces1 8 absorption ( all ! scanty in=mation )9 8 rea*1 8 subsequ5t deep m$itation ^u ?is in=mation1 & 8 attempts to g5]alize f x4 ,ano!r factor 9 ,froebel's life :i* sc>cely exi/s n[adays 0 ! tradition ( physical viol5ce & oppression t[>ds *ildr54 ,t ?is has gradually disappe>$ f ! ord9>y civiliz$ family1 is p>tly due to ! g5]al tr5d away f physical oppression ( all sorts1 & p>tly to ,froebel's own s(t5+ influ5ce1 = :i* we c none ( u feel too f]v5t a gratitude4 ,he 0 =c$ to devote consid]able ( 8 en]gy to combat+ ?is t5d5cy1 :i* 0 n a factor at all 9 ! problems :i* confront$ ,dr4 ,montessori4 ,"s "t aft] 8 dea? 8 ideas began to spread abroad n only 9 ,europe 7! k9d]g>t5s ( :i* ,i "k no?+ ab\t1 except t !y are v successful & num]\s71 b also 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ab\t ^: num]\s & successful k9d]g>t5s we all "k a great deal4 ,! new sy/em 0 tak5 up by tea*]s :o 7 int5sely ,am]ican1 & h5ce /rongly *>act]iz$ by ! ,am]ican quality ( =ce ( individuality4 ,x is a univ]sally accept$ description ( ,am]ican wom5 7sometimes int5d$ z a complim5t1 sometimes z q ! rev]se7 t1 :atev] else !y are1 !y are less negative1 m =ceful1 m direct1 end[$ ) m positive p]sonalities ?an ! wom5 ( o!r c\ntries4 ,^! wom51 full ( en]gy1 quiv]+ ) ! resolution to put into full practice all ! ideas ( ! ,g]man educator ^: sy/em !y esp\s$1 8organiz$ a campaign = k9d]g>t5s0 :i*1 ) *>act]i/ic ?or\ghness1 det]m9ation1 & devotion1 !y h c>ri$ ?r\gh to high success4 ,!y1 & ! educators among m5 :o became int]e/$ 9 ! ,froebelian ideas1 h be5 by no means will+ to consid] all advance impossible because ! f\nd] ( ! sy/em is no long] ) !m4 ,!y h be5 progressively & intellig5tly unwill+ to let #aheb m>k ! culm9ation ( k9d]g>t5 improvem5t1 & !y h *ang$1 & pat*$1 & add$ to1 & tak5 away f ! orig9al me?od z _! be/ judgm5t & ! increas+ sci5tific data ab\t *ildr5 enabl$ !m4 ,?is process1 x goes )\t say+1 has n tak5 place )\t a c]ta9 am\nt ( friction4 ,naturally ev]yone's 8be/ judgm5t0 sc>cely co9cid$ ) t ( ev]yone else4 ,!re h be5 hone/ diff]5ces ( op9ion ab\t ! int]pretation ( sci5tific data4 ,true to its nature z an ess5tially religi\s in/itution1 ! k9d]g>t5 has und]gone s*isms1 be5 r5t ) h]esies1 has be5 divid$ into or?odox & het]odox1 into lib]als & cons]vatives1 al?\gh ! :ole body ( ! "w has gone con/antly =w>d1 keep+ pace ) ! increas+ mod]n preoccupation ) *ildhood4 ,inde$ x seems to me t "o may say )\t be+ consid]$ unsympa!tic t x has n[ c]ta9 o!r aspects ( a popul>1 prosp]\s religi\s sect1 among :i* is a feel+ ( in/9ctive jeal\sy ( simil> reg5]at+ influ5ces :i* h _! orig9 outside ! walls ( ! orig9al or?odox *ur*4 ,und\bt$ly !y h "s excuse 9 ! absurdly exagg]at$ curr5t reports & rumors ( ! miracles accompli%$ by ! ,montessori app>atus2 b x seems to outsid]s t :at we h a "r to expect f ! heads ( ! organiz$1 e/abli%$ k9d]g>t5 movem5t is an op5-m9d$1 unbias$1 & extremely m9ute & ?or\gh inve/igation into ! new ideas1 r ?an an inspection ( popul> reports & a resultant condemnation4 ,x is because ,i am z mu* conc]n$ z ,i am a/oni%$ at ?is attitude on _! "p t ,i am v5tur+ ^u ! foll[+ slight & unpr(essional discussion ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! typical k9d]g>t5 & ! typical ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,to beg9 )1 k9d]g>t5]s are q "r :5 !y cry out t !re is no?+ new 9 ! idea ( self-education1 & t ,froebel /at$ z pla9ly z ,montessori does t ! aim ( all education is to wak5 volunt>y action 9 ! *ild4 ,= t matt]1 :at educator wor?y ( ! "n has n felt ?is8 ,! po9t seems to be1 n t ,froebel /ates ?is vital pr9ciple any less cle>ly1 b s mu* less =cibly ?an ! ,italian educator4 ,n =esee+ ! ma/]ful wom51 ) highly develop$ p]sonalities1 :o 7 to be ! apo/les ( 8 ideas 9 ,am]ica1 & n be+ surr\nd$ by ! insi/5ce on ! value ( ea* individuality :i* m>ks our mod]n moral atmosph]e1 x did n occur to him1 app>5tly1 t !re 0 any special dang] 9 ?is direction4 ,=1 ( c\rse1 our mod]n high e/imate ( ! value ( individuality results n only 9 a vague ?\gh gr[+ realization ( ! importance ( safegu>d+ ! nasc5t p]sonalities ( *ildr51 b 9 a pl5itude ( /rongly m>k$ individualities among ! adults :o tea* *ildr51 & 9 a fix$ habit ( us+ ! /r5g? ( ?is p]sonality z a tool to atta9 desir$ ends4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ?is reg>d betwe5 ! two educators may p]haps be /at$ fancifully 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,froebel gives 8 tea*]s1 among _m o!r maxims to hang up :]e !y may be con/antly 9 view1 a /atem5t runn+ some:at 9 ?is fa%ion3 8,all gr[? mu/ come f a volunt>y action ( ! *ild himself40 ,dr4 ,montessori n only puts ?is maxim fir/ & =emo/1 & exhorts h] tea*]s to be> x incessantly 9 m9d dur+ ! consid]ation ( any & all o!r maxims1 b %e may be suppos$ to wi% x pr9t$ ?us3 8,all gr[? mu/ come f a ,,volunt>y action ( ! *ild ,,himself40 ,! fir/ ?+ %e requires ( a directress 9 h] s*ool is a complete avoidance ( ! c5t] ( ! /age1 a self-annihilation1 ! v desirability 7n to m5tion ! possibility7 ( :i* has nev] occurr$ to ! k9d]g>t5 tea*] ^: normal position is 9 ! middle ( a r+ ( *ildr5 ) e eye on h]1 ) e s5sitive1 budd+ p]sonality receiv+ ! /ronge/ possible impressions f h] own adult individuality4 ,)\t ! lea/ hesitation or d\bt1 %e has always consid]$ t h] "p is to make t individuality z p]fect & lovable z possible1 s t ! impression ! *ildr5 get f x may be desirable4 ,! idea t %e is to keep h]self /rictly 9 ! backgr\nd = fe> ( unduly influ5c+ "s *ildi% s\l :i* has n yet f\nd itself1 is an idea totally unhe>d (4 ,i f9d 9 a catalogue ( k9d]g>t5 mat]ial ?is s5t5ce 9 praise ( "s new device4 8,x obviates ! ne$ ( sup]vision on ! "p ( ! tea*] z f> z is consi/5t ) consci5ti\s *ild-tra9+40 ,n[ ! ,montessori ideal is a device :i* %all be s entirely self-corrective t absolutely no int]f]5ce by ! tea*] is necess>y z long z ! *ild is occupi$ ) x4 ,i f9d 9 t s5t5ce ! keynote ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sy/ems4 ,9 ! k9d]g>t5 ! emphasis is laid1 consci\sly1 or unconsci\sly1 b v practically always1 on ! fact t ! tea*] tea*es4 ,9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i ! emphasis is all on ! fact t ! *ild le>ns4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( h] /udy ! k9d]g>t5 tea*] is in/ruct$1 x is true1 z a philosophic consid]ation1 t ,pe/alozzi held & ,froebel accept$ ! dictum t1 j z ! cultivator creates no?+ 9 8 trees & plants1 s ! educator creates no?+ 9 ! *ildr5 "u 8 c>e4 ,?is is duly set d[n 9 h] note-book1 b ! app>atus giv5 h] to "w )1 ! te*nic taught h]1 :at %e sees ( ! "w ( o!r tea*]s1 ! :ole t5d5cy ( h] tra9+ goes to acc5tuate :at is already racially /rong 9 h] temp]am5t1 a fix$ conviction ( h] own p]sonal & individual responsibility = :at happ5s ab\t h]4 ,%e feels ke5ly 79 ! case ( n]v\s con/itutions1 cru%+ly7 ! weight ( ?is responsibility1 really awful :5 x is felt ab\t *ildr54 ,%e has ! quick1 en]getic1 ,am]ican in/9ct to d some?+ h]self1 at once to br+ ab\t a desir$ condition4 ,%e is ! swimm] :o does n tru/ he>tily & :olly to ! wat] to keep him up1 b :o /iff5s 8 muscles & exhau/s himself 9 ! attempt by 8 own ef=ts to float4 ,inde$1 t %e %\ld be requir$ above all ?+s to d no?+1 n to int]f]e1 is almo/ intellectually inconceivable to h]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is a g5]alization z inaccurate z all g5]alizations are4 ,!re are "s k9d]g>t5 tea*]s ) great natural gifts ( spiritual div9ation1 /r5g!n$ by ! exp]i5ces ( _! beautiful lives1 :o feel ! inn] tru/ 9 life :i* is s consol+ & uplift+ to ! ,montessori tea*]4 ,b ! av]age ,am]ican k9d]g>t5 tea*]1 l all ! re/ ( u av]age ,am]icans1 ne$s ! calm+ & quiet+ lesson taught by ! great ,italian educator's rev]5t awe = ! spontane\s1 ev]-upw>d1 irresi/ible ?ru/ ( ! miracul\s pr9ciple ( gr[?4 ,9 spite ( ! horticultural "n ( h] s*ool ! ord9>y k9d]g>t5 tea*] has nev] le>n$ ! :ole-he>t$1 pati5t fai? 9 ! long1 sl[ processes ( nature :i* *>act]izes ! true g>d5]4 ,%e is n p5etrat$ by ! realization ( ! va/ness ( ! =ces ( ! human s\l1 %e is n subdu$ & consol$ by a calm c]ta9ty ( ! rightness ( natural developm5t4 ,%e is f> gay] ) h] *ildr5 ?an ! ,montessori tea*]1 b %e is really less happy ) !m because1 9 h] he>t ( he>ts1 %e tru/s !m less4 ,%e feels a re/less s5se ( responsibility = ea* action ( ea* *ild4 ,x is d\btless ?is diff]5ce 9 m5tal attitude :i* acc\nts = ! physical diff]5ce ( aspect betwe5 our pretty1 smil+1 ev]-active1 always beckon+1 n]v\sly consci5ti\s k9d]g>t5 tea*]1 always on exhibition1 & ! calm1 unhurri$ tranquillity ( ! ,montessori directress1 always unobtrusively 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! latt] is b mov+ ab\t f "o little riv] ( life to ano!r1 lift+ a sluice gate "h = a sluggi% nature1 con/ruct+ a dam !re to help a too impetu\s nature to conc5trate its =ces1 & mu* ( ! "t occupi$ 9 quietly obs]v+1 q at h] leisure1 ! direction ( ! *annels be+ con/ruct$ by ! diff]5t /reams4 ,! k9d]g>t5 tea*] tries to d ?is1 b %e seems obsess$ ) ! idea1 unconsci\s = ! mo/ "p1 t x is1 aft] all1 h] duty to manage someh[ to increase ! fl[ ( ! little riv]s by p\r+ into !m "s ( h] own sup]abundant vital =ce4 ,9 h] comm5dable desire to give h]self & h] :ole life to h] *os5 "w1 %e conceives t %e is lazy if %e ev] all[s h]self a mom5t ( absolute leisure1 & unoccupi$1 imp]sonal obs]vation ( ! gr[? ( ! v>i\s organisms 9 h] g>d54 ,%e mu/ be always help+ !m gr[6 ,:y else is %e !re8 %e dem&s ) a wr9kl$ br[ ( n]v\s det]m9ation to d h] duty1 & ) ! mo/ hone/1 hurt surprise at any criticism ( h] "w4 ,x is possible t ?is t5d5cy 9 ,am]ican k9d]g>t5s is n only a result ( ! ,am]ican temp]am5t1 b is inh]5t 9 ,froebel's orig9al conception ( ! k9d]g>t5 z ! place :]e ! *ild gets 8 real social tra9+1 z oppos$ to ! home :]e he gets 8 individual tra9+4 ,/&+ midway betwe5 ,fi*te ) 8 h>d dictum t ! *ild belongs :olly to ! ,/ate & to society1 & ,pe/alozzi's conviction t he belongs :olly to ! family1 ,froebel ?\ght to make a work+ compromise by divid+ up ! bone ( cont5tion1 by leav+ ! *ild 9 ! family mo/ ( ! "t1 b giv+ him def9ite social tra9+ at def9ite h\rs e day4 ,n[ !re is b\nd to be1 9 su* an ef=t1 "s ( ! same dang] involv$ 9 a conception ( religi\s life :i* orda9s t x %all be liv$ *iefly betwe5 half-pa/ t5 & noon on e ,sunday morn+4 ,x may v well happ5 t a *ild does n feel social "s morn+ betwe5 n9e & elev51 b w\ld pref] to pursue "s laudable individual ent]prise4 ,x may be said t ! slight moral co]cion involv$ 9 insi/+ t he jo9 9 "o ( ! gr\p games or songs ( ! k9d]g>t5 is only good discipl9e1 b ! fact rema9s t co]cion has be5 employ$1 ev5 ?\gh coat$ ) sweet & coax+ p]suasion1 & ! picture ( itself conceiv$ by ! k9d]g>t5 z a place ( ! spontane\s fl[]+ ( ! social in/9ct among *ildr5 has 9 x "s slight pret5se4 ,9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 on ! o!r h&1 ! *ildr5 le>n ! rules & conditions ( social life z we mu/ all le>n !m1 & 9 ! only way we all le>n !m1 & t is by liv+ socially4 ,! k9d]g>t5 tea*]1 set ! task ( see+ t a giv5 numb] ( *ildr5 engage 9 social ent]prises practically all ! "t dur+ a giv5 numb] ( h\rs e day1 c h>dly be blam$ if %e is conv9c$ t %e mu/ act ^u ! *ildr5 ne>ly e mom5t1 s9ce %e is requir$ to r\nd !m up incessantly into ! social corral4 ,! long h\rs ( ! ,montessori s*ool & ! fre$om ( ! *ildr51 liv+ _! own ev]yday lives z ?\gh !y 7 7z inde$ !y are7 9 _! own home1 make a vital diff]5ce "h4 ,! *ildr51 9 conduct+ _! individual lives 9 company ) o!rs1 are reproduc+ ! actual conditions :i* gov]n social life 9 ! adult _w4 ,!y le>n to def] to ea* o!r1 to obey rules1 ev5 to rise to ! moral height ( mak+ rules1 to s9k tempor>ily _! own int]e/s 9 ! common weal1 n because x is 8nice0 to d ?is1 n because an ador$1 infallible1 lovely tea*] supports ! doctr9e by h] unque/ion$ au?ority1 n because !y are prais$ & pett$ :5 !y d1 b 7& is n ?is ! real grim f\ndation ( laws = social organization87 because !y f9d !y _c live toge!r at all )\t rules :i* all respect & obey4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 !re is "s real occasion = =mulat+ or obey+ a law :i* facilitates social life1 !y =mulate x & obey x f an inw>d conviction1 bas$ on g5u9e circum/ances ( _! own lives1 t !y mu/ d s1 or life w\ld n be tol]able = any ( !m2 & :5 !re is no g5u9e occasion = _! mak+ ?is really great sacrifice = ! common weal1 !y are left1 z we all desire to be left1 to ! pursuit ( _! own lives4 ,no artificial occasion = ?is sacrifice is manufactur$ by ! r\t9e ( ! s*ool--an artificial occasion :i* is apt to be res5t$ by ! /rong] spirits among *ildr5 ev5 z "y z ^? ( k9d]g>t5 age4 ,!y feel1 z we all d1 t !re is no?+ intr9sically sacr$ or valuable ab\t ! compromises necess>y to atta9 peaceable social life1 & t !y %\ld n be dem&$ ( u except :5 necess>y4 ,crudely /at$1 ,froebel's purpose seems to h be5 t ! *ild %\ld1 9 two or ?ree h\rs at a giv5 "t e day1 d 8 social liv+ & h x ov] )4 ,& al?\gh ?is /atem5t is bo? unsympa!tic & incomplete1 !re is 9 x ! g]m ( a well-f\nd$ criticism ( ! me?od :i* _m ( u h vaguely felt1 al?\gh we h n be5 able to =mulate x be=e /udy+ ! pr9ciples ( a sy/em :i* seems to avoid ?is fault4 ,a conv]sation ,i _h 9 ,rome ) an ,italian fri5d1 n 9 sympa?y ) ! ,montessori ideas1 illu/rates ano!r phase ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! av]age k9d]g>t5 & ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,my fri5d is a quick1 en]getic1 positive woman :o 8manages0 h] two *ildr5 ) a compet5t ease :i* seems ! mo/ conclusive pro( to h] t h] me?ods ne$ no improvem5t4 8,oh1 no1 ! ,case dei ,bamb9i are q failures10 %e told me4 8,! *ildr5 !mselves don't l !m40 ,i recall$ ! room full ( blissful babies :i* ,i _h come to "k s well1 & look$1 ,i d>esay1 "s ( ! amus$ incr$ulity ,i felt1 = %e w5t on ha/ily1 8,well1 "s *ildr5 may4 ,m9e nev] did4 ,i _h to put bo? ! boy & ! girl back into a k9d]g>t54 ,my little ,ida summ$ up ! :ole matt]4 ,%e said1 #8,isn't x que] h[ !y treat y at a ,casa dei ,bamb9i6 ,!y ask me1 8,n[ :i* w\ld y l to d1 ,ida1 ?is1 or ?is80 ,x makes me feel s que]4 ,i want somebody to tell me :at to d6'0 ,my fri5d w5t on to g5]alize1 q sure ( h] gr\nd1 8,t's ! sweet & natural *ild in/9ct--to dep5d on adults = guidance4 ,t's h[ *ildr5 are1 & all ! ,dr4 ,montessoris 9 ! _w c't *ange !m40 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 t po9t ( view & ,dr4 ,montessori's is ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! belief 9 ari/ocracy1 & ! value ( au?ority = its own sake1 :i* /ill l+]s among cons]vatives ev5 9 our day1 & ! :ole-he>t$ belief 9 democracy :i* is gr[+ m & m pron\nc$ among mo/ ( our ?9k]s4 ,ida is be+ tra9$ "u h] "m's ma/]ful eye to c>ry on docilely :at an ,engli% writ] has call$ 8! dogmatic me?od ) its dem& = me*anical ob$i5ce & its pursuit ( ext]nal results40 ,%e is acquir+ rapidly ! habit ( /&+ /ill until somebody tells h] :at to d1 & %e has already acquir$ an unque/ion+ acquiesc5ce 9 ! illimitable au?ority ( somebody else1 anyone :o w speak positively en\gh to regulate h] life 9 all its details4 ,9 o!r words1 a f9ely consi/5t little slave is be+ manufactur$ out ( ,ida1 & if 9 lat] ye>s %e %\ld develop m ( h] "m's =cefulness1 x w wa/e a great deal ( its en]gy 9 a wild1 unregulat$ revolt aga9/ ! *a9s ( habit ) :i* %e f9ds h]self load$1 & 9 ! end w probably wreak itself on cru%+ ! individuality out ( h] *ildr5 9 _! turn4 ,sweet little f\r-ye>-old ,ida1 fre$ = a mom5t f ! twilight cell ( h] passive ob$i5ce1 & bl9k+ pitifully 9 ! free daylight ( ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 is a figure :i* has l+]$ long 9 my memory & has be5 "o ( ! factors induc+ me to und]take ! p]haps too ambiti\s ent]prise ( writ+ ?is book4 ,9 /ill ano!r way ! ,montessori insi/5ce on spontaneity ( ! *ildr5's action safegu>ds !m1 x seems to me1 aga9/ "o ( ! greate/ dang]s ( k9d]g>t5 life1 & obviates "o ( ! ju/e/ criticisms ( ! ,am]ican developm5t ( ,froebel's me?od1 namely ov]/imulation & m5tal fatigue4 ,:5 ,i fir/ ?or\ghly grasp$ ?is fundam5tal diff]5ce1 ,i 0 rem9d$ ( ! say+ ( a wise old doctor :o1 :5 ,i 0 an int5se1 viol5tly active girl ( sev5te51 _h giv5 me "s s\nd advice ab\t h[ to lift ! little *ildr5 ) :om ,i happ5$ to be play+3 8,don't take hold ( _! h&s to sw+ !m ar\nd60 he cri$ to me4 8,y c't tell :5 ! /ra9 may be too great = _! little bones & t5dons4 ,y may d !m a s]i\s hurt4 ,h !m take hold ( y\r h&s6 ,& :5 !y're tir$1 !y'll let g40 ,illu/ration3 ,,insets ,,ar\nd ,,:i* ,,! ,,*ild ,,draws1 ,,& ,,!n ,,fills ,,9 ,,! ,,outl9e ,,) ,,color$ ,,crayons4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,x n[ seems to me t 9 ! k9d]g>t5 ! tea*]s are ! ones :o take hold ( ! *ildr5's h&s1 & 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i x is ! o!r way ab\t4 ,:at ,dr4 ,montessori is always cry+ to h] tea*]s is j ! exhortation ( my old doctor4 ,:at %e is endeavor+ to contrive is a sy/em :i* all[s ! *ildr5 to 8let g0 :5 !y !mselves1 ea* at a diff]5t "t1 feel ! /ra9 ( ef=t4 ,! k9d]g>t5 tea*] is mak+ all possible consci5ti\s ef=ts to tra9 h]self to an impossible a*ievem5t1 namely to "k 7:at ( c\rse %e nev] c "k ) c]ta9ty7 :5 ea* *ild loses 8 spontane\s int]e/ 9 8 ex]cises or game4 ,%e is z g5u9ely conv9c$ z ! ,montessori directress t %e mu/ 8let g0 at t mom5t1 b %e is n tra9$ s to take hold ( ! *ild t he himself makes t all-important decision4 ,x is true t ! be/ k9d]g>t5]s le>n f ye>s ( exp]i5ce 7:i* involves mak+ mi/akes on a good _m *ildr57 ab\t :51 9 g5]al1 to let g2 b n ! mo/ inspir$ tea*] c tell1 z ! *ild himself does1 :5 ! /ra9 is fir/ felt 9 ! immature1 undevelop$ bra94 ,& x is ?is m>g9 ( possibility ( mi/ake on ! "p ( ! be/ k9d]g>t5 tea*]s :i* results only too frequ5tly1 ) our n]v\s1 too responsive ,am]ican *ildr51 9 ! flu%$ faces & unnaturally bright eyes ( ! little ones :o return to u aft] _! happy1 happy morn+ 9 ! k9d]g>t51 unable to eat _! lun*eons1 unable to take _! aft]noon naps1 quiv]+ betwe5 laught] & te>s1 & f9d+ v dull ! quiet peace ( ! home life4 ,?is obs]vation f9ds any am\nt ( confirmatory evid5ce 9 ! a/oni%+ly great div]sity 9 m5tal application among *ildr5 :5 really left to _! own devices4 ,!re is no tell+ h[ long or h[ %ort a "t any giv5 play or game w hold _! att5tion1 & bo? k9d]g>t5]s & ,montessori tea*]s agree t x is ( value only s long z x really does g5u9ely hold _! att5tion4 ,"s *ildr5 are int]e/$ only s long z !y mu/ /ruggle aga9/ ob/acles1 & once ! ent]prise runs smoo?ly1 h no fur!r use = x4 ,) o!rs1 ! pleasure seems to increase a hundr$fold :5 !y are once sure ( _! own ability4 ,= x is by no means true t ! k9d]g>t5 tea*] is always apt to cont9ue a giv5 game or ex]cise too long4 ,x is only too long = "s ( ! *ildr54 ,!re are apt to be o!rs :om %e deprives1 by h] discont9uation ( ! game1 ( an invigorat+ ex]cise :i* !y crave ) all _! might1 & :i* !y w\ld cont9ue1 if left free to foll[ _! own incl9ation1 t5 times long] ?an %e w\ld d>e to ?9k ( ask+ !m to d4 ,! p]t9acity ( *ildr5 9 "s ex]cise :i* happ5s exactly to suit _! ne$s is "o ( ! inevitable surprises to p obs]v+ !m c>efully = ! fir/ "t4 ,s9ce my att5tion has be5 call$ to x1 ,i h obs]v$ ?is crazy p]sev]ance on unexpect$ occasions 9 all *ildr5 act+ freely4 ,n long ago a *ild ( m9e conceiv$ ! idea ( climb+ up on an easy-*air1 tilt+ h]self ov] ! arm1 slid+ d[n into ! seat on h] head1 & s (f 9 a sprawl+ heap on ! floor4 ,i began to c\nt ! numb] ( times %e w5t ?r\gh ?is extremely viol5t1 fatigu+1 & 7z f> z ,i c\ld see7 un9t]e/+ ex]cise1 & 0 fairly a/\nd$ by h] ob/9acy 9 /ick+ to x4 ,%e _h done x ?irty-f\r times ) unflagg+ ze/1 %\t+ & laugh+ to h]self1 & 0 app>5tly go+ on indef9itely :51 to my involunt>y relief1 %e 0 call$ away to supp]4 ,9 ,rome ,i rememb] wat*+ a little boy go+ ?r\gh ! ex]cises ) ! wood5 cyl9d]s ( diff]5t sizes :i* fit into correspond+ holes 7page #gj74 ,he work$ away ) a busy1 s]5e1 absorb$ indu/ry1 runn+ 8 =ef+] ar\nd ! cyl9d]s & !n ar\nd ! holes1 until he _h !m all fitt$ 94 ,!n ) no ha/e1 b ) no hesitation1 he empti$ !m all out & began ov] aga94 ,he did ?is s _m times t ,i felt an impati5t fatigue at ! sight ( ! labori\s little creature1 & turn$ my att5tion else:]e4 ,i _h c\nt$ up to ! f\rte5? repetition ( 8 feat be=e ,i /opp$ wat*+ him1 & :5 ,i glanc$ back aga91 a qu>t] ( an h\r lat]1 he 0 /ill at x4 ,all ?is1 ( c\rse1 )\t a p>ticle ( t 8m9imum am\nt ( sup]vision consi/5t ) consci5ti\s *ild-tra9+40 ,he 0 8 own sup]visor1 ?anks to ! self-corrective nature ( ! app>atus he 0 us+4 ,if he put a cyl9d] 9 ! wrong hole he discov]$ x himself & 0 =c$ to ?9k out = himself :at ! tr\ble 04 ,dr4 ,montessori says 7& ,i c easily believe h] f my own exp]i5ce7 t no?+ is h>d] = ev5 ! mo/ e>ne/ & gift$ tea*]s to le>n ?an t _! duty is n to solve all ! difficulties 9 ! way ( ! *ildr51 or ev5 to smoo? ^! out z mu* z possible1 b on ! contr>y expressly to see to x t ea* *ild is kept con/antly suppli$ ) difficulties & ob/acles suitable to 8 /r5g?4 ,a k9d]g>t5 tea*] tries fai?fully to tea* h] *ildr5 s t !y w n make errors 9 _! und]tak+s4 ,%e holds h]self virtually responsible = ?is4 ,) a ,puritan consci5ti\sness %e blames h]self if !y d make mi/akes1 if !y d n und]/&1 by grasp+ h] explanation1 all ! inw>dness ( ! process "u consid]ation1 & %e repeats h] explanations ) un5d+ pati5ce until %e ?9ks !y d4 ,! ,montessori tea*]1 on ! o!r h&1 conf9es h]self to po9t+ out to ! *ild :at ! ent]prise be=e him is4 ,%e does n1 x is true1 drop d[n be=e him ! mat]ial = ! ,long ,/air & leave him to guess :at is to be done ) x4 ,%e h]self con/ructs ! edifice :i* is ! goal desir$4 ,%e makes sure t he has a cle> concept ( :at ! task is1 & !n %e mixes up ! blocks & leaves him to "w out 8 own salvation by ! aid ( ! self-corrective mat]ial4 ,dr4 ,montessori has a great _m amus+ /ories to tell ( h] fir/ /ruggles ) h] tea*]s to make !m realize h] po9t ( view4 ,"s ( !m became (f5d$1 & resolv$1 s9ce !y 7 n all[$ to help ! *ildr51 to d no?+ at all = !m1 a resolution :i* result$ naturally 9 a /ate ( ?+s worse ?an ! fir/4 ,x 0 v h>d = !m to le>n t x 0 _! "p to set ! ma*9]y ( an ex]cise 9 motion & !n let ! *ild cont9ue x himself4 ,i q appreciate ! difficulty ( le>n+ ! di/9ction betwe5 direct+ ! *ildr5's activity & tea*+ !m ea* new /ep ( e process4 ,my own impulse made me realize ! tru? ( ,dr4 ,montessori's laugh+ picture ( ! tea*]'s in/9ctive ru% to ! aid ( "s *ild puzzl+ ov] ! geometric insets1 & ,i knew1 f hav+ gone ?r\gh _m su* pr(use1 voluble1 vague1 confus+ explanations myself1 t :at !y always said 01 8,no1 no1 de>2 y're try+ to put ! r\nd "o 9 ! squ>e hole4 ,see1 x has no corn]s4 ,look = a hole t hasn't any corn]s1 etc41 etc40 ,x 0 n until ,i _h sat by a *ild1 re/ra9+ myself by a viol5t ef=t ( self-control f 8correct+0 8 errors1 & _h se5 ! calm1 /eady1 untir+ hopeful p]sev]ance ( 8 application1 untr\bl$ & unconfus$ by adult 8aid10 t ,i 0 fully conv9c$ t my impulse 0 to m$dle1 n to aid4 ,& ,i admit t ,i h _m backslid+s /ill4 ,half playfully & half e>ne/ly1 ,i am cont9ually quot+ to myself ! curi\s quatra9 ( ! ,e>l ( ,lytton1 a v]se :i* ,i ?9k may s]ve z a :imsical motto = all ( u en]getic ,am]ican mo!rs & k9d]g>t5]s :o may be try+ to le>n m self-re/ra9t 9 our relations ) little *ildr53 8,s9ce all t ,i c d = !e ,is to d no?+1 ?is my pray] mu/ be1 ,t ?\ may/ nev] guess nor ev] see ,! all-endur$1 ?is no?+-done co/s me40 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,moral ,,tra9+ ,a p]usal ( ! me?ods ( ! ,montessori s*ools & ( ! philosophy und]ly+ !m may lead ! read] to "q if "u ?is new sy/em ! *ild is reg>d$ z a creature ) muscul> & intellectual activities only1 & )\t a s\l4 ,:ile ! /]ne/ sort ( moral tra9+ is giv5 to ! p>5t or tea*] :o attempts to use ! ,montessori sy/em1 app>5tly v little is address$ directly to ! *ild4 ,no?+ c\ld m horrify ! f\nd] ( ! sy/em ?an su* an idea4 ,no mod]n ?9k] c\ld possibly be m p5etrat$ ) rev]5ce = ! high] life ( ! _s ?an %e1 or c\ld be> its ne$s m con/antly 9 m9d4 ,critics ( ! me?od :o claim t x makes no direct appeal to ! *ild's moral nature1 & t5ds to make ( him a little egoti/ b5t on self-developm5t only1 h misappreh5d$ ! _s ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,"o answ] to su* a criticism is t consci\s moral exi/5ce1 ! volunt>y foll[+ ( spiritual law1 be+ by f> ! r>e/1 highe/1 & mo/ difficult a*ievem5t 9 human life1 is ! "o :i* develops late/1 requires ! longe/ & mo/ c>eful prep>ation & ! mo/ mature p[]s ( ! individual4 ,x is n only unreasonable to expect 9 a little *ild mu* ( ?is consci\s /ruggle t[>d ! good1 b x is utt]ly futile to attempt to =ce x prematurely into exi/5ce4 ,x _c be done1 any m ?an a six-mon?s baby c be =c$ to an intellectual und]tak+ ( ev5 ! smalle/ dim5sion4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a normal *ild "u six is mo/ly a little egoti/ b5t on self-developm5t1 & to develop himself is ! be/ ?+ he c d1 bo? = himself & o!rs1 j z ! natural bus9ess ( a heal?y *ild "u a ye> ( age is to extract all ! physical pr(it possible out ( ! food1 re/1 c>e1 & ex]cise giv5 him4 ,& yet ev5 "h1 ! l9e betwe5 ! v>ieties ( gr[?--physical1 intellectual1 & moral--is by no means h>d & fa/4 ,! six-mon?s baby1 al?\gh liv+ an almo/ exclusively physical life1 9 /ruggl+ to co-ord9ate ! muscles ( 8 two arms s t he c seize a rattle ) bo? h&s1 is battl+ = ! ma/]y ( 8 bra9-c5t]s1 j z ! ?ree-ye>-old1 :o leads a life compos$ almo/ entirely ( physical & intellectual int]e/s1 /ill1 9 ! in/9ct :i* leads him to pity & wat] a ?ir/y plant1 is /ruggl+ away f t exclusive imprisonm5t 9 8 own int]e/s & ne$s :i* is ! ,old ,enemy ( u all4 ,! fact t ?is altrui/ic int]e/ is n an ov]ma/]+ passion :i* moves him to cont9u\s responsible c>e = ! plant1 & ! o!r fact t1 ev5 :ile he is giv+ x a dr9k1 he has v likely =gott5 8 orig9al purpose 9 ! fasc9ations ( ! antics ( wat] p\r$ out ( a spr9kl+-pot1 %\ld n 9 ! lea/ modify our recognition ( ! s9c]ely moral "* ( 8 fir/ impulse4 ,n[1 s9c]ity 9 moral impulse is a pr]equisite to heal?y moral life1 ! importance ( :i* _c be ov]/at$ by ! mo/ swell+ devices ( rhetoric4 ,x is an ess5tial 9 moral life z air is 9 physical life2 9 o!r words moral life ( any k9d is entirely impossible )\t x4 ,hypocrisy1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 is a f> worse enemy ?an ignorance1 s9ce x poisons ! v spr+s ( spiritual life1 & yet few ?+s are h>d] to avoid ?an unconsci\s hypocrisy4 ,a realization ( ?is tru? is p]haps ! explanation ( a rec5t t5d5cy 9 ,am]ica = fairly intellig5t1 fairly consci5ti\s p>5ts utt]ly to despair ( see+ any light on ?is problem1 & to attempt to solve x by runn+ away f x1 to ?r[ up ! :ole bus9ess 9 dismay at its difficulty1 to attempt no moral tra9+ at all because s mu* t is giv5 is bad1 & to 8let ! *ildr5 g1 until !y are old en\gh to *oose = !mselves40 ,x is possible t ?is me?od1 *os5 9 desp]ation1 bad ?\gh x obvi\sly is1 is bett] ?an ! old] "o ( attempt+ to expla9 to little *ildr5 ! my/]ies ( ! ord]+ ( ! univ]se be=e :i* our own mature spirits pause 9 bewild]$ unc]ta9ty4 ,! *ildr5 ( six :o conceive ( ,god z a policeman ) a long :ite be>d1 oddly en\gh plac$ 9 ! sky1 ly+ on ! cl\ds1 & look+ d[n ?r\gh a peephole to spy ^u ! actions ( little girls & boys1 h und\bt$ly be5 cruelly wrong$ by ! creation ( ?is grotesque & ignoble figure 9 _! little bra9s1 a figure :i*1 s p]man5t are ! impressions ( *ildhood1 w und\bt$ly1 9 ye>s to come1 unconsci\sly r5d] mu* m difficult a rev]5t & spiritual attitude t[>ds ! ,ultimate ,cause4 ,b because ?is attempt at spiritual in/ruction is z bad z x c be1 x does n foll[ t ! moral nature ( ! little *ild does n ne$ tra9+ fitt$ to its capacities1 limit$ ?\gh ^! und\bt$ly are 9 e>ly *ildhood4 ,!re is no m reason = leav+ a *ild to gr[ up morally unaid$ by a life def9itely design$ to develop 8 moral nature1 ?an = leav+ him to gr[ up physically unaid$ by good food1 to expect t he w select ?is in/9ctively by 8 own unaid$ br[s+s 9 ! pantry among ! diff]5t di%es prep>$ = ! v>y+ ne$s ( 8 eld]s4 ,! usual me?od by :i* b\ntiful ,nature1 /riv+ to make up = our defici5cies1 provides = ?is1 is by ! action ( *ildr5 ^u ea* o!r4 ,?is factor is1 ( c\rse1 notably pres5t 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 9 ! all-day life 9 common ( tw5ty *ildr54 ,9 families x is especially to be se5 9 ! c>e & self-sacrifice :i* old] *ildr5 are oblig$ to %[ t[>ds y\ng] ones4 ,b 9 our usual small prosp]\s ,am]ican families1 ?is elem5t ( en=c$ moral ef=t is (t5 want+4 ,ei!r !re are b "o or two *ildr51 or if m1 ! y\ng] ones are c>$ = by a nurse1 or by ! "m suffici5tly free f press+ mat]ial c>e to give consid]able "t to ! baby ( ! family4 ,& on ! :ole x mu/ be admitt$ t ,nature's exp$i5t is at be/ a r\gh-&-ready "o4 ,?\gh ! old] *ildr5 may miss an opportunity = spiritual discipl9e1 x is manife/ly bett] = ! baby to be t5d$ by an adult4 ,b !re are o!r organisms besides babies :i* are weak] ?an *ildr51 & ! c>e = plants & animals seems to be ! natural door ?r\gh :i* ! little *ild may fir/ g =? to 8 lifelong battle ) 8 own egotism4 ,x is always to be borne 9 m9d t ! ,case dei ,bamb9i n[ actually exi/+ are by no means ideal embodim5ts ( ,dr4 ,montessori's ideas 7see page #bbg74 ,%e has n _h a p]fectly free h& ) any "o ( !m & h]self says con/antly t _m phases ( h] c5tral pr9ciple h nev] be5 develop$ 9 practice4 ,h5ce ! abs5ce ( any special morally educative elem5t 9 ! pres5t ,casa dei ,bamb9i does n 9 ! lea/ indicate t ,dr4 ,montessori has delib]ately omitt$ x1 any m ?an ! p]haps too dryly practical "* ( life 9 ! orig9al ,casa dei ,bamb9i means any?+ b t ! pr9ciple 0 be+ appli$ to v poor *ildr5 :o 7 9 ne$1 fir/ ( all1 ( practical help4 ,= in/ance1 music & art 7 left out ( ! life !re1 simply because1 at t "t1 !re seem$ no way ( introduc+ !m4 ,x is h>d = u to realize t ! :ole movem5t is s extremely rec5t t !re has n be5 "t to ov]come _m m]ely mat]ial ob/acles4 ,9 ! same way1 al?\gh circum/ances h prev5t$ ,dr4 ,montessori f develop+ practically ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i z f> 9 ! direction ( ! c>e ( plants & animals z %e w\ld l1 %e is v /rongly 9 favor ( mak+ ?is an integral & important "p ( ! daily life ( little *ildr54 ,9 ?is %e is aga91 z 9 s _m ( ! features ( h] sy/em1 only us+ ! weight ( h] sci5tific reputation to =ce ^u our s]i\s & respectful att5tion means ( education = little *ildr5 :i* h all along la9 close at h&1 :i* h be5 m5tion$ by o!r educators 7,froebel has1 ( c\rse1 8 eld] boys und]take g>d5+71 b ( :i*1 z f> z v "y *ildr5 g1 our recognition has be5 fitful & imp]fect4 ,%e is ! mod]n doctor :o proclaims ) all ! awe-compell+ p>aph]nalia ( ! pa?ological laboratory back ( him1 t x is n m$ic9e1 b fre% air :i* is ! cure = tub]culosis4 ,mo/ p>5ts already make "s ef=t to provide pets 7if !y are n too mu* tr\ble = ! re/ ( ! family7 ) a vague1 in/9ctive idea t !y are someh[ 8good = *ildr510 b ) no consci\s notion ( h[ ?is 8good0 is transf]r$ or h[ to facilitate ! process2 & *ild-g>d5s are n only a feature ( "s v advanc$ & mod]n s*ools & k9d]g>t5s1 b are provid$ once 9 a :ile by a family1 al?\gh ne>ly always1 z 9 ,froebel's sy/em1 = old] *ildr54 ,b z ^? in/itutions are n[ conduct$ 9 ! av]age family economy1 ! little *ild gets ab\t z casual & irregul> an opportunity to b5efit by !m z ! consumptive ( tw5ty ye>s ago by ! occasional :iffs ( fre% air :i* ! protect+ c>e ( 8 nurses c\ld n prev5t f rea*+ him4 ,! f\r-ye>-old1 z he & 8 pets are usually treat$1 does n feel real responsibility = 8 kitt5 or 8 pott$ plant &1 miss+ t1 he misses mo/ ( ! good he might extract f 8 relations ) 8 little si/]s ( ! vegetable & animal _w4 ,our "p1 !re=e1 9 ?is connection1 is to cat* up ! h9t :i* ! great ,italian tea*] has let fall & use our own ,yankee +5uity 9 develop+ x1 always be>+ religi\sly 9 m9d ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( self-education :i* mu/ und]lie any attempt ( ours to adapt h] ideas to our conditions4 ,=1 ( c\rse1 !re is no?+ new 9 ! idea ( associat+ *ildr5 ) animals & plants--an idea common to ne>ly all educators s9ce ! fir/ *ild play$ ) a puppy4 ,:at is new is our m consci\s1 %>p5$1 m def9ite idea1 awak5$ by ,dr4 ,montessori's p5etrat+ analysis1 ( j h[ ^! natural elem5ts ( *ild-life c be us$ to /imulate a righte\s s5se ( responsibility4 ,our tol]ant indiff]5ce t[>ds ! *ildr5's dogs & cats & gu9ea-pigs1 our fatigu$ compla9t t x is m bo!r ?an x is wor? to prep>e & ov]see ! h&l+ ( g>d5-plots = ! f\r- & five-ye>-olds1 w\ld be trans=m$ into ! mo/ g5u9e & ard5t int]e/ 9 ^! matt]s1 if we 7 p5etrat$ ) ! realization t _! purposeful use is ! key to op5 pa9lessly & naturally to our *ildr5 ! great k+dom ( self-abnegation4 ,!re is n1 z is apt to be ! case ) dolls1 a m or less ackn[l$g$ elem5t ( artificiality1 ev5 ?\gh x be ! sweet 8pret5d0 "m-love = a baby doll4 ,! *ildr5 :o really c>e = plants & animals are 9 a sane _w ( reality1 z mu* z we are 9 c>+ = *ildr54 ,_! s]vices are ( real value to ano!r real life4 ,! f\r-ye>-old y\ng/] :o ru%es z soon z he is awake to wat] a plant he _h =gott5 ! day be=e1 is act+ on z g5u9e & purify+ an impulse ( remorse & desire to make am5ds z any we feel = a duty neglect$ 9 adult life4 ,! motives :i* und]lie t mo/ valuable moral asset1 responsibility1 h be5 awak5$1 ex]cis$1 /r5g!n$ f> m vitally ?an by any numb] ( ^? ,sunday morn+ 8s]i\s talks0 9 :i* we may try fumbl+ly & futilely f ! outside to t\* ! *ild's b>ely nasc5t moral consci\sness4 ,! puppy :o sprawls de/ructively ab\t ! h\se1 & ! cat :o is always "u our feet :5 we are 9 a hurry1 %\ld comm& respectful treatm5t f u1 s9ce !y are rehe>s+ qua9tly ) ! *ild a fir/ r\gh sket* ( ! drama ( 8 moral life4 ,! m g5tl5ess1 ?\ghtfulness1 c>e1 & =be>ance ! little *ild le>ns to %[ to ?is creature1 weak] ?an himself1 dep5d5t on him1 ! less difficult he w f9d ! ex]cise ( ^? virtues 9 o!r circum/ances4 ,he is =m+ spontane\sly1 urg$ !reto by a natural good impulse ( 8 he>t1 a moral habit z valuable to him & to ^? :o are to live ) him1 z ! intellectual habits ( precision =m$ by ! use ( ! geometric insets4 ,( c\rse1 he w 9 ! fir/ place =m ?is habit ( unv>y+ g5tl5ess t[>ds plants & animals1 only z he =ms s _m o!r habits1 9 simian imitation ( ! actions ( ^? ab\t him4 ,he mu/ absorb f example1 z well z precept1 ! idea t plants & animals1 be+ dep5d5t on u1 h a moral "r to our unfail+ c>e--a conception :i* is o!rwise n sugge/$ to him until he is sev]al ye>s old] & has back ( him ! habit ( sev]al ye>s ( indiff]5ce t[>d ?is duty ( ! /rong4 ,& s "h is our h>d-work+ ,montessori p>5t emb>k$ ^u ! c>e] ( animal-re>+1 z well z *ild-tra9+1 ) ! add$ difficulty t he mu/ c>e = ! animals ?r\gh ! *ildr51 & resi/ /\tly ! almo/ inv9cible temptation to take ov] ?is1 l all o!r activities :i* belong by "r to ! *ild1 = ! %ort-cut reason t x is less tr\ble4 ,if ?is impulse ( ! p>5t be foll[$1 ! m]e furry pres5ce w be ( no avail to ! *ild1 except casually4 ,! kitt5 mu/ be ! little girl's kitt5 if %e is really to beg9 ! long prep>ation :i* w lead h] to ! /eady & resolute self-abnegations ( mat]nity1 ! prep>ation :i* we hope w make h] g5]ation bett] mo!rs ?an we undiscipl9$ & grop+ creatures are4 ,z = plant-life1 ! ,antu-l "* ( humanity is too well kn[n to ne$ comm5t4 ,we are all heal?i] & san] & happi] if we h n entirely sev]$ our connection ) ! e>?1 & x is surpris+ t1 recogniz+ ?is elem5t z consci\sly z we d1 we h made s comp>atively little sy/ematic & regul> use ( x 9 ! family to b5efit our little *ildr54 ,x is n because x is v h>d to manage4 ,:at has be5 lack+ has be5 "s def9ite1 und]/&able motive to make u act 9 ?is way1 beyond ! s5tim5tal notion t x is pretty to h fl[]s & *ildr5 toge!r4 ,no "o be=e has told u q s pla9ly & =cibly t ?is obs]vation ( plants & imag9ative sympa?y ) _! ne$s is ! easie/ & mo/ natural way = little m9ds to get a fir/ g5]al notion ( ! _w's economy1 ! /ruggle betwe5 helpful & hurtful =ces1 & ( ! duty ( n rema9+ a passive onlook] at ?is /rife1 b ( ent]+ x in/9ctively1 he>tily ?r[+ all "o's p[]s on ! side ( ! good & useful4 ,i "k a *ild n yet q ?ree1 :o1 by ! madd5+ly p]si/5t int]rogations *>act]i/ic ( 8 age1 has succe$$ 9 extract+ f a pair ( g>d5+ eld]s an explanation ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 we$s & fl[]s1 & :o has be5 s /ruck by ?is in=mation t he has1 entirely ( 8 own volition1 enli/$ himself 9 ! army ( natural-born re=m]s4 ,) ! p]sonal note ( v little *ildr51 :o f9d x s impossible to ?9k 9 t]ms at all ab/ract1 he has con/ruct$ 9 8 baby m9d an excit+ drama 9 ! g>d51 unfold+ itself be=e 8 eyes2 a drama 9 :i* he acts1 by virtue ( 8 comp>atively huge size & giant /r5g?1 ! g5]\s rle ( deus ex ma*9a1 con/antly rescu+ beauty beset by h] foes4 ,he ?r[s himself ^u a we$1 uproots x1 & ca/s x away ) ! righte\sly indignant exclamation1 8,horrid old we$6 ,/op eat+ ! fl[]s' d9n]60 ,i d n ?9k t x c be tru?fully said t !re are no moral elem5ts 9 8 life4 ,he is a baby ,sir ,galahad1 ) roses = 8 maid5s 9 di/ress4 ,he has felt & ex]cis$ & /r5g!n$ ! same impulse t drove ,judge ,l9dsey to 8 battle = ! *ildr5 ( ,d5v] aga9/ ! p[]s ( graft4 ,he has recogniz$ spontane\sly 8 duty to aid ! good & useful aga9/ _! enemies1 ! responsibility into :i* he 0 born :5 he op5$ 8 eyes ^u ! _w ( m+l$ good & evil4 ,all ?is is n a fanciful lit]>y flight ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is n s5tim5tality4 ,x is call+ ?+s by _! real names4 ,because ! little *ild's capacity = a g5u9e moral impulse is small & has1 l all 8 o!r capacities1 little cont9uity1 is no reason :y we %\ld n ?9k cle>ly ab\t x & recognize x = :at x is--! key to ! future4 ,because he 8makes a play0 ( 8 good action & is n priggi%ly aw>e ( 8 virtue is all ! m reason = u to be ?ankful1 = t is a pro( ( its un=c$ exi/5ce 9 8 _s4 ,j z ! *ild 8makes a play0 out ( 8 geometric insets1 & is n p$antically aw>e t he is acquir+ k1 s1 to take an in/ance f ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 ! little girls :o set ! tables & br+ 9 ! s\p are only va/ly int]e/$ 9 ! fun ( 8play+ waitress40 ,x is _! eld]s :o p]ceive t !y are unconsci\sly & pa9lessly acquir+ ! habit ( will+ & in/9ctive s]vice to o!rs1 :i* w aid !m 9 _m a future consci\s & pa9ful /ruggle aga9/ _! own natural selfi%ness & in]tia4 ,?is use ( ! s9c]ely common life 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home to promote s9c]ely social feel+ among ! *ildr5 has be5 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ vitally important ( ! elem5ts 9 ! ,montessori s*ools4 ,! g5u9e1 un=c$ acceptance by ! *ildr5 ( ! ne$ = sacrifices by ! individual = ! good ( all1 is some?+ :i* c only be br\ght ab\t by g5u9ely social life ) _! equals1 su* z !y h 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home & n else:]e4 ,we mu/ d ! be/ we c 9 ! family-life by see+ t ! *ild %>es z mu* z possible & z s9c]ely z possible 9 ! life ( ! h\sehold4 ,b at home he is inevitably liv+ ) 8 inf]iors1 plants1 animals1 & babies2 or 8 sup]iors1 old] *ildr5 & adults2 :]eas 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,home he is liv+ z he w dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life1 mo/ly ) 8 equals4 ,& x is 9 ! spontane\s adju/m5ts & compromises ( ?is cont9u\s life ) 8 equals t he le>ns mo/ naturally1 mo/ s\ndly1 & mo/ ?or\ghly1 ! rules gov]n+ social life4 ,z = moral life1 x seems to me t we ne$ nei!r make a va9 attempt to subscribe to a too-rosy belief 9 ! unmix$ goodness ( human nature1 & bl9d ourselves to ! sadd5+ fact t ! battle aga9/ "o's egotism is b\nd to be pa9ful1 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 g back to ! grim cre$ ( our =efa!rs1 t ! soon] *ildr5 are ?ru/ into ! ?ick ( ?is un5d+ w> ! bett]1 s9ce !y mu/ ent] x soon] or lat]4 ,! tru? seems to lie 9 its usual position1 betwe5 two extremes1 & to be t *ildr5 %\ld be /r5g!n$ by prop] moral food1 c>e1 & ex]cises suit$ to _! /r5g?1 & all[$ to gr[ sl[ly into adult endurance be=e !y are =c$ to face adult moral problems2 & t we may protect !m f too great dem&s on _! small fund ( capacity = self-sacrifice by all[+ !m & ev5 enc\rag+ !m to wrea! _! imag9ative 8plays0 ab\t ! self-sacrific+ action1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t we keep our heads cle> to make sure t ! 8plays0 d n int]f]e ) ! action4 ,x is well to make a pla9 /atem5t to ! *ild ( five1 t he is reque/$ to wipe ! silv]-w>e because x w be ( s]vice to 8 "m 7if he is lucky en\gh to h a "m :o ev] does s obvi\sly necess>y & useful a ?+ z to wa% ! di%es h]self71 b x is n necess>y to insi/ t ?is conception ( s]vice %all uncompromis+ly occupy 8 m9d dur+ ! :ole process4 ,x does no h>m if1 aft] ?is /atem5t1 x is sugge/$ t ! knives & =ks & spoons are %ipwreck$ p 9 dire ne$ ( rescue1 & t x w\ld be fun to snat* !m f _! wat]y pr$icam5t & re/ore !m safely to _! expectant families 9 ! silv]-draw]4 ,by s do+ we are n really confus+ ! issue1 or 8fool+0 ! *ild into a good action1 if cle> ?9k+ on ! "p ( adults accompany ! process4 ,we are b suit+ ! burd5 to ! *ildi% %\ld]s1 b induc+ ! *ild-feet to take a s+le /ep1 :i* is all t any ( u c take at "o "t1 9 ! pa? lead+ to ! s]vice ( o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mo/ ( ?is *apt] has be5 drawn f ,montessori ideas by inf]5ce only1 by ! developm5t ( h9ts1 & x is probable t o!r mo!rs1 m$itat+ on ! same problems1 may see o!r ways ( apply+ ! pr9ciple ( self-education & spontane\s activity to ?is field ( moral life4 ,x is app>5t t ! fir/ elem5t necess>y1 aft] a firm grasp on ! fundam5tal idea t our *ildr5 mu/ d _! own moral z well z physical gr[+1 & aft] a vivid realization t ! smalle/ am\nt ( real moral life is bett] ?an mu* simulat$ & unreal feel+1 is cle> ?9k+ on our "p1 a def9ite notion ( :at we really mean by moral life1 a def9ition :i* w n be b\nd$ & limit$ by ! repetition ( committ$-to-memory pray]s4 ,?is does n mean t simple nightly aspirations to be a good *ild ! next day may n h a mo/ b5eficial effect on ev5 a v "y *ild & may satisfy ! fir/ /irr+s to life ( ! religi\s in/9ct1 z mu* z ! con/ant daily k9dnesses to plants & animals satisfy ! e?ical in/9ct4 ,?is latt]1 h[ev]1 at 8 age1 is apt to be va/ly m develop$ & m important ?an ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,inde$ ! religi\s in/9ct1 :i* app>5tly nev] develops 9 "s natures1 al?\gh s /rong 9 o!rs1 is 9 all cases sl[ to %[ itself &1 l o!r sl[ly g]m9at+ se$s1 %\ld n be pu%$ & prodd$ to ha/5 x1 b %\ld be left unt\*$ until x %[s signs ( life4 ,our "p is to prep>e1 cultivate1 & enri* ! nature 9 :i* x is to gr[4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,dr4 ,,montessori',s ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,casa ,,dei ,,bamb9i ,dr4 ,montessori & ! av]age ,am]ican p>5t are z diff]5t 9 h]$ity1 tra9+1 & environm5t z two civiliz$ be+s c v well be4 ,e condition surr\nd+ ! av]age ,am]ican *ild is z mat]ially diff]5t z possible f ^? ab\t ! *ildr5 9 ! orig9al ,casa dei ,bamb9i4 ,h5ce ! usual s\nd rule t ! individuality & p]sonal hi/ory ( ! sci5ti/ d n conc]n ! /ud5t ( 8 "w does n hold 9 ?is case4 ,! conditions 9 ,rome :]e ,dr4 ,montessori has done h] "w1 diff] s entirely f ^? ( ord9>y ,am]ican life1 9 ! conduct ( :i* we hope to pr(it by h] exp]im5ts1 t x is only fair to ,am]icans int]e/$ 9 h] "w1 to give !m "s notion ( ! v>y+ influ5ces :i* h %ap$ ! c>e] ( ?is woman ( g5ius4 ,?is is s especially 9 h] case1 because1 z a nation1 we are m ignorant ( mod]n ,italian life ?an ( t ( any great ,european nation4 ,mod]n ,italy1 wre/l+ ) all ! problems ( mod]n indu/rial & city life graft$ ^u an age-old civilization1 endeavor+ to enlight5 itself1 to take ! be/ f tw5tie?-c5tury progress )\t los+ its own individual virtues1 ?is is a c\ntry z unkn[n to u z ! regions ( ! moon4 ,& yet to und]/& ,dr4 ,montessori's "w & ! vicissitudes ( h] und]tak+s1 we mu/ h at lea/ a summ>y k t ! ,italian _w ( to-day is 9 a curi\s f]m5t ( antiquat$ prejudices & highly progressive ?\ght4 ,to u1 z a rule1 ,rome is 8,! ,et]nal ,city0 ( our s*ool-,lat9 days1 :]eas1 9 reality1 x is1 = all practical purposes z a city1 mu* m rec5t ?an ,new ,york--ab\t z old1 let u say1 z ,detroit4 ,b ,detroit plant$ its vigor\sly gr[+ se$l+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd & n 9 a crack$ pot ( small dim5sions4 ,h5ce ! problems ( ! two mod]n cities are dissimil>4 ,i he>d x sugge/$ by a man ( au?ority 9 ! ,italian gov]nm5t t a great mi/ake _h be5 made :5 ! mod]n capital ( ,italy _h be5 dump$ d[n ^u ! heap ( hi/oric ru9s :i* rema9$ ( anci5t ,rome4 ,x _h be5 bad = ! ru9s & v h>d on ! mod]n capital4 ,if a site _h be5 select$ j outside ! walls ( old ,rome1 a n9ete5?-c5tury metropolis c\ld h sprung up ) ! ef=tless ha/e ) :i* our own ,middle ,we/]n pla9s h produc$ cities4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 ,dr4 ,montessori's ,case dei ,bamb9i w\ld n h tak5 _! pres5t =m "u o!r conditions1 & ?is is :at conc]ns u "h4 ,b be=e ! orig9 ( ! ,case dei ,bamb9i is tak5 up1 a brief biography ( _! creator w help u to und]/& h] developm5t4 ,h] e>ly life1 be=e h] *oice ( a pr(ession1 ne$ n int]e/ u beyond ! fact t %e is ! only *ild ( devot$ p>5ts1 n mat]ially well-to-d4 ,n[1 z a result ( a too-rapid social trans=mation among ! ,italians1 ! 8middle class0 population =ms a mu* small] proportion ( ! inhabitants ( ,italy ?an 9 o!r mod]n nations4 ,"o result ( ?is condition is t ! brilliant daught] ( p>5ts n well-to-d1 f9ds x mu* h>d] to pass into a class ( associates & to f9d an intellectual backgr\nd :i* suits h] nature1 ?an a simil>ly intellectual & orig9al ,am]ican girl4 ,ev5 n[ 9 ,italy su* a girl is =c$ to fight an unceas+ battle aga9/ social prejudice & intellectual in]tia4 ,x c be imag9$ t :5 ,dr4 ,montessori 0 ! beautiful1 gift$ girl-/ud5t ( :om old] ,romans speak ) en?usiasm or horror1 accord+ to ! c5turies 9 :i* !y morally live1 h] w-p[] & capacity = conc5tration mu/ h be5 f9ely temp]$ 9 ord] n to break 9 ! long /ruggle4 ,judg+ by ! talk "o he>s 9 ,rome ab\t ! f9e1 y\?ful f]vor ( ,dr4 ,montessori's e>ly /ruggle aga9/ conditions hamp]+ h] m5tal & spiritual progress1 %e is a surviv+ pione] ( social fronti] prejudice1 :o has em]g$ f ! battle ) pione] conditions end[$ ) ! hickory-l t\ghness ( intellectual fib] ( w & ( "* :i* is ! rew>d ( /urdy pione]s4 ,c]ta9 x is t h] battles ) prejudices ( all sorts h h>d5$ h] intellectual muscles & tra9$ h] m5tal eye 9 ! s*ool ( absolute moral self-dep5d5ce1 t moral self-dep5d5ce :i* is ! aim & end ( h] me?od ( education & :i* w be1 z rapidly z x c be realiz$1 ! solv5t = _m ( our tragic & app>5tly insoluble mod]n problems4 ,x is h>d = an ,am]ican ( ?is date to realize ! bomb-%ell x mu/ h be5 to an ,italian family a g5]ation ago :5 its only daught] decid$ to /udy m$ic9e4 ,s rapidly h conditions surr\nd+ wom5 *ang$ t !re is no p>allel possible to be made :i* c\ld br+ home to u fully ! trem5d\s w-p[] necess>y = an ,italian woman ( t "t & class to /ick to h] resolution4 ,! fangs ( t p>ticul> prejudice h be5 s well-nigh univ]sally drawn t x is safe to say t an ,am]ican family w\ld see its only daught] emb>k on ! c>e] ( animal-tam]1 /eeple-jack1 or work] 9 an iron f\ndry1 ) less trepidation ?an mu/ h %ad[$ ! e>ly days ( ,dr4 ,montessori's m$ical /udies4 ,"o's imag9ation c pa9t ! picture f ! fact t %e 0 ! fir/ woman to obta9 ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e1 f ! ,univ]sity ( ,rome1 an a*ievem5t :i* 0 probably r5d]$ none ! easi] by ! fact t %e 0 bo? s+ul>ly beautiful & s+ul>ly ard5t4 ,aft] graduation %e became atta*$1 z assi/ant doctor1 to ! ,psy*iatric ,cl9ic at ,rome4 ,at t "t1 "o ( ! tempor>y exp$i5ts ( self-mod]niz+ ,italy 0 to treat ! idiot & feeble-m9d$ *ildr5 9 connection ) ! really insane1 a r\gh-&-ready classification :i* w s]ve vividly to illu/rate ! desp]ate condition ( ,italy ( t date4 ,! "y m$ical graduate _h tak5 up *ildr5's diseases z ! 8specialty0 :i* no self-respect+ mod]n doctor c be )\t1 & naturally 9 h] visits to ! insane asylums 7:]e ! subjects ( h] ,cl9ic liv$71 h] att5tion 0 attract$ to ! defici5t *ildr5 s =tuit\sly lodg$ "u ! same ro(4 ,i g into ! details ( ! oblique mann] 9 :i* %e emb>k$ ^u ! prodigi\s und]tak+ ( education )\t any consci\s k ( ! port t[>d :i* %e 0 direct+ h] c\rse1 9 ord] to br+ out cle>ly ! fact t %e approa*$ ! field ( p$agogy f an entirely new direction1 ) absolutely new aims & ) a :olly diff]5t m5tal equipm5t f ^? ( ! te*nically p$agogical1 philosophic1 or social-re=m+ p]sons :o h labor$ s consci5ti\sly 9 t field = s _m g5]ations4 ,?is "y doctor1 !n1 tra9$ by h>d knocks to d h] own ?9k+ & make h] own decisions1 f\nd t h] absorb$ /udy ( abnormal & defici5t *ildr5 l$ h] /raight along ! pa? tak5 by ! n]ves f _! unregulat$ ext]nal activities to ! bra9-c5t]s :i* rule !m s fitfully4 ,! "q 0 evid5tly ( gett+ at ! bra9-c5t]s4 ,n[ ! "n ( ! process ( gett+ at bra9-c5t]s is "o n usually enc\nt]$ 9 ! life ( ! surgeon4 ,x is education4 ,! doctor at "w on ^! problems 0 all ! "t 9 active practice z a physician1 an influ5ce 9 h] life :i* is n to be =gott5 9 summ+ up ! elem5ts :i* h =m$ h] "*4 ,%e 0 p]=m+ op]ations 9 ! hospitals1 tak+ *>ge ( grave diseases 9 h] private practice1 expos+ h]self to infection ( all sorts 9 ! infecti\s w>ds ( ! hospitals1 liable to be call$ up at any h\r ( ! night to att5d a case any:]e 9 ! purlieus ( ,rome4 ,x 0 a soldi] tri$ & te/$ 9 actual w>f>e 9 ano!r "p ( ! battle = ! bett]m5t ( humanity1 :o f9ally took up ! "q ( ! tra9+ ( ! "y4 ,%e p>t$ company ) _m ( h] fell[-/ud5ts ( defici5t *ildr51 & fac$ squ>ely ! results ( h] reason+4 ,n = h] ! position alo(1 ! obs]vation ( ph5om5a f ! deta*$ /&po9t ( ! di/ant speciali/4 ,if n]v\s diseases ( *ildr51 lead+ to defici5t intellectual p[]s1 c\ld be be/ attack$ ?r\gh education1 ! obvi\s /ep 0 to become an educator4 ,%e gave up h] active practice z a physician :i* _h cont9u$ /eadily ?r\gh\t all h] o!r activities1 & accept$ ! po/ ( ,director ( ! ,/ate ,or?ophr5ic ,s*ool 7:at we w\ld call an ,in/itute = ! ,feeble-,m9d$71 &1 ?r[+ h]self into ! "w1 he>t & s\l1 ) all ! ardor ( h] race & h] own temp]am5t1 %e utiliz$ h] f9ely-temp]$ bra9 & indomitable w1 9 ! h&-to-h& /ruggle = ! actual amelioration ( exi/+ conditions4 ,= ye>s %e taught ! *ildr5 9 ! ,asylum "u h] c>e1 devot+ h]self to !m ?r\gh\t e "o ( _! wak+ h\rs1 p\r+ into ! poor1 crack$ vases ( _! m9ds ! full1 ri* flood ( h] own p[]ful intellect4 ,all day %e work$ ) h] *ildr51 lov$ to idolatry by !m1 exhau/+ h]self ov] _! problems l ! simple/1 mo/ un?9k+1 mo/ unworldly1 & dev\t si/] ( *>ity2 b at night %e 0 ! sci5ti/ aga91 arrang+1 classify+1 cl>ify+ ! results ( ! day's obs]vation1 exam9+ ) m9ute att5tion ! "w ( all ^? :o _h /udi$ h] problems be=e h]1 apply+ & elaborat+ e h9t ( !irs1 e clue discov]$ 9 h] own exp]im5ts4 ,^? 7 good ye>s1 ye>s be=e ! _w _h he>d ( h]1 ye>s ( undi/urb$ absorption 9 h] "w4 ,!n1 "o day1 z su* ?+s come1 aft] long1 unc]ta9 ef=ts1 a miracle happ5$4 ,a suppos$ly defici5t *ild1 tra9$ by h] me?ods1 pass$ ! exam9ations ( a public s*ool ) m ease1 ) high] m>ks ?an normal *ildr5 prep>$ 9 ! old way4 ,! miracle happ5$ aga9 & aga9 & !n s (t5 t x 0 no long] a miracle1 b a fact to be =etold & c\nt$ on ) c]ta9ty4 ,!n ! woman ) ! eag] he>t & tra9$ m9d drew a long brea? &1 det]m9+ to make ?is fir/ success only ! corn]/one ( a new temple1 turn$ to a l>g] field ( action1 ! field to :i* h] e unconsci\s /ep _h be5 lead+ h]1 ! education1 no long] only ( ! defici5t1 b ( all ! normal "y ( ! human race4 ,x 0 9 #aijj t ,dr4 ,montessori left ! ,scuola ,ort(r5ica1 & began to prep>e h]self consci\sly & def9itely = ! task be=e h]4 ,= sev5 ye>s %e foll[$ a c\rse ( self-impos$ /udy1 m$itation1 obs]vation1 & int5se ?\ght4 ,%e began by regi/]+ z a /ud5t ( philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,rome & turn$ h] att5tion to exp]im5tal psy*ology ) especial ref]5ce to *ild-psy*ology4 ,! habit ( h] sci5tific tra9+ dispos$ h] naturally z an accompanim5t to h] own rese>* to exam9e ?or\ghly ! exi/+ & recogniz$ au?orities 9 h] new field4 ,%e began to visit ! prim>y s*ools & to look ab\t h] at ! or?odox & old-e/abli%$ in/itutions ( ! educational _w ) ! fre% vision only possible to a m9d tra9$ by sci5tific rese>* to abhor preconceiv$ ideas & to come to a conclusion only aft] weigh+ actual evid5ce4 ,no m div]t+ picture c be imag9$ ?an ! "o pres5t$ by ?is ke5-ey$1 cle>-head$ sci5ti/ survey+1 ) an a/oni%m5t :i* mu/ h be5 almo/ dramatically app>5t1 ! r[s ( immobile little *ildr5 nail$ to _! /ation>y seats & =c$ to give ov] _! natural bir?-"r ( activity to a well-mean+1 ge/iculat+1 expla9+1 always fatigu$1 & always talk+ tea*]4 ,x 0 evid5t at a glance t %e c\ld n f9d !re :at %e _h hop$ to f9d1 t fir/ pr]equisite ( ! mod]n sci5ti/1 a prolong$ scrut9y ( ! natural habits ( ! subject ( inve/igation4 ,! entomologi/ seek+ to solve "s ( ! f>m]'s problems1 sp5ds ye>s ) a microscope1 /udy+ ! habits ( ! potato & ( ! potato-bug be=e he tries to inv5t a way to help ! "o & circumv5t ! o!r4 ,b ,dr4 ,montessori f\nd1 s to speak1 t all ! potatoes %e tri$ to inve/igate 7 be+ gr[n 9 a cell>4 ,!y grew1 someh[1 because ! upw>d ?ru/ ( life is inv9cible1 b _! pale %oots gave no evid5ce ( ! possibility ( ! /urdy /ems1 :i* a *ance specim5 or two escap$ by a /roke ( luck f ! cell>1 prov$ to be possible = ! :ole species4 ,at ! same "t t %e 0 mak+ ^! amaz$ & disconc]t$ visits to ! prim>y s*ools1 %e 0 dev\r+ all ! books :i* h be5 writt5 on h] subject4 ,my own acqua9tance ) works on p$agogy is limit$1 b ,i obs]ve t p :o d "k !m d n seem surpris$ t ?is ?or\ghly tra9$ mod]n doctor1 ) ye>s ( practical tea*+ back ( h]1 %\ld h f\nd little aid 9 !m4 ,two highly valuable au?orities %e did f9d1 significantly en\gh doctors l h]self1 "o :o liv$ at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution & "o p]haps fifty ye>s lat]4 ,%e tells u 9 h] book :at _! ideas 7 & h[ /rongly !y modifi$ h] own2 b z we are "h *iefly conc]n$ ) ! net result ( h] ?\ght1 x w\ld n be pr(itable to g exhau/ively into ! inve/igation ( h] s\rces4 ,x is en\gh to say t mo/ ( u w\ld nev] 9 our lives h he>d ( ^? two doctors if %e _h n /udi$ !m4 ,we h n[ foll[$ ! c\rse ( ,dr4 ,montessori's life until x br+s u back to t *aotic1 anci5t-mod]n ,rome1 m5tion$ a few p>agraphs above1 /ruggl+ ) all sorts ( mod]n problems ( city life4 ,! h\s+ ( ! v poor is a "q tr\blesome en\gh1 ev5 to ,detroit or ,indianapolis ) _! bright1 new municipal ma*9]y4 ,9 ,rome ! problem is complicat$ by ! m$ieval /&>ds ( ! poor !mselves z to _! own com=t2 by ! exi/5ce ( _m old rook]ies :]e !y may roo/ 9 unspeakable conditions ( fil? & promiscuity2 & by ! lack ( a widespread popul> enlight5m5t z to ! progress ( ! be/ mod]n communities4 ,b1 ?\gh ,italian public op9ion z a :ole seems to be 9 a some:at daz$ condition ov] ! velocity ( *anges 9 ! social /ructure1 !re is no c\ntry 9 ! _w :i* has m acute1 p[]ful1 or orig9al intellig5ces & consci5ces tra9$ on our mod]n problems4 ,all ! :ile t ,dr4 ,montessori _h be5 try+ to und]/& ! discrepancy betwe5 ! rapid advance ( idiot *ildr5 "u h] sy/em & ! sl[ advance ( normal *ildr5 "u old-fa%ion$ me?ods1 ano!r ,italian1 an influ5tial1 intellig5t1 & patriotic ,roman1 ,signor ,edo>do ,talamo1 0 /udy+ ! problem ( bett]+ at once1 practically1 ! h\s+ ( ! v poor4 ,he _h decid$ :at to d & _h done x1 :5 ! l9e ( 8 activity & t ( ,dr4 ,montessori's met 9 "o ( ^? app>5tly =tuit\s comb9ations ( elem5ts de/9$ to =m a comp\nd :i* is exactly ! m$ic9e ne$$ = "s unheal?y "p ( ! social tissue4 ,! plan ( ,signor ,talamo's model t5em5ts 0 s wise & s admirably execut$ t1 except = "o factor1 !y really des]v$ _! "n4 ,?is factor 0 ! exi/5ce ( a l>ge numb] ( little *ildr5 "u ! usual s*ool age1 :o 7 left alone all day :ile _! mo!rs1 driv5 by ! gr9d+ necessity :i* is ! rule 9 ! ,italian l[] work+ classes1 w5t out to help e>n ! family liv+4 ,^! little ones w&]$ ab\t ! clean halls & /airways1 defac+ ev]y?+ !y c\ld rea* & con/antly gett+ into mis*ief1 ! desolat+ +5uity ( :i* c be imag9$ by any "m ( small *ildr54 ,x 0 evid5t t ! money tak5 to repair ! damage done by !m w\ld be bett] employ$ 9 prev5t+ !m f do+ x 9 ! fir/ place4 ,signor ,talamo conceiv$ ! simple plan ( sett+ ap>t a big room 9 e "o ( 8 t5em5t h\ses :]e ! *ildr5 c\ld be kept toge!r4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 meant t "s gr[n p]son mu/ be !re to look aft] !m4 ,n[ ,rome is1 at lea/ f ! /&po9t ( a ,new ,york] or a ,*icagoan1 a small city1 :]e 8ev]yone :o is anyone kn[s ev]yone else40 ,al?\gh ! sph]e ( ,signor ,talamo's activity 0 z f> z possible f t ( ! pione] woman doctor specializ+ 9 *ildr5's bra9-c5t]s1 he knew ( h] exi/5ce & naturally en\gh ask$ h] to und]take ! organization & ! managem5t ( ! diff]5t gr\ps ( *ildr5 9 8 t5em5t h\ses1 collect$1 z f> z he 0 conc]n$1 = ! purpose ( keep+ !m f scrat*+ ! walls & f\l+ ! /airways4 ,on h] "p ,dr4 ,montessori took a rapid m5tal survey ( ^! num]\s gr\ps ( normal *ildr5 at exactly ! age :5 %e ?\ght !m mo/ susceptible to ! "r sort ( education1 & saw 9 !m1 z if s5t by a m]ciful ,provid5ce1 ! exp]im5tal laboratories :i* %e s mu* ne$$ to c>ry on h] "w & :i* %e _h def9itely f\nd t prim>y s*ools c\ld nev] become4 ,! fusion ( two elem5ts :i* are de/9$ to comb9e is n a long process once !y are br\ght toge!r4 ,h[ completely ,dr4 ,montessori 0 prep>$ = ! opportunity ?us giv5 h] c be calculat$ by ! fact t ! fir/ ,casa dei ,bamb9i 0 op5$ on ! #f? ( ,janu>y1 #aijg1 & t n[1 only five ye>s aft]1 !re arrive 9 ,rome1 f e qu>t] ( ! globe1 bewild]$ b imp]i\s dem&s = enlight5m5t on ! new idea4 ,= x 0 at once app>5t t ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( self-education1 :i* _h be5 gr[+ l>g] & l>g] 9 ,dr4 ,montessori's m9d1 0 z brilliantly successful 9 actual practice z x 0 plausible 9 ab/ract ?\ght4 ,evid5tly entire fre$om = ! *ildr5 0 n only bett] = ! purposes ( ! sci5tific inve/igator1 b inf9itely ! be/ ?+ = ! *ildr54 ,all ^? m$itations ab\t ! real nature ( *ildhood1 ov] :i* %e _h be5 brood+ 9 ! long ye>s ( h] /udy1 prov$ !mselves1 once put to ! te/1 z axiomatic 9 reality z !y _h seem$4 ,h] !ories held wat]4 ,! *ildr5 ju/ifi$ all h] visions ( _! capacity = p]fectibility & v soon w5t f> beyond any?+ ev5 %e _h conceiv$ ( _! ability to tea* & to gov]n !mselves4 ,= in/ance1 %e _h n ! lea/ idea1 :5 %e began1 ( tea*+ *ildr5 "u six h[ to write4 ,%e held1 z mo/ o!r educators did1 t on ! :ole x 0 too difficult an und]tak+ = su* little ones4 ,x 0 h] own peculi> *>act]i/ic1 or r ! *>act]i/ic ( h] sci5tific tra9+1 ( extreme op5ness to conviction :i* induc$ h]1 aft] practical exp]i5ce1 to beg9 h] fam\s exp]im5ts ) ! me?od = writ+4 ,! /ory ( ?is />tl+ revelation ( unsuspect$ =ces 9 human y\? & ( ! almo/ in/ant p\nce ^u x by ! _w1 di/ract$ by a helpless s5se ( ! futility & clums9ess ( pres5t me?ods ( education1 is too well kn[n to ne$ a long recapitulation4 ,! fir/ ,casa dei ,bamb9i 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aijg1 )\t attract+ ! lea/ att5tion f ! public4 ,ab\t a ye> aft] ano!r "o 0 op5$4 ,?is "t1 ow+ to ! m>k$ success ( ! fir/1 ! affair 0 m ( a c]emony1 & ,dr4 ,montessori deliv]$ !re t eloqu5t inaugural address :i* is repr9t$ 9 ! ,am]ican translation ( h] book4 ,by ,april ( #aijh1 only a little ov] a ye> aft] ! fir/ small beg9n+1 ! in/itution ( ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i 0 discov]$ by ! public1 ke5 on ! sc5t ( any?+ t promis$ relief f ! almo/ intol]able lack ( h>mony betwe5 mod]n education & mod]n ne$s4 ,pilgrims ( all nationalities & classes f\nd _! way ?r\gh ! fil?y /reets ( t wret*$ qu>t]1 & ! b>ely e/abli%$ in/itution1 /ill incomplete 9 _m ways1 ) _m details unt\*$1 ) _m o!rs provid$ = only 9 a make%ift mann]1 0 set "u ! microscopic scrut9y ( innum]able %>p eyes4 ,! result1 z f> z we are conc]n$1 we all "k3 ! rumors1 vague at fir/1 :i* blew across our lives1 !n m def9ite talk ( some?+ really new1 !n ! *>act]i/ically ,am]ican promptness ( response 9 our magaz9es & ! almo/ equally prompt appe>ance ( an ,engli% translation ( ,dr4 ,montessori's book4 ,&1 s f>1 t is all we h f h]1 & = ! pres5t x is all we c h1 )\t tak+ "s action ourselves to help h]4 ,x is a /range situation1 int5sely mod]n1 :i* c\ld only h occurr$ 9 ?is age ( in/antly tattl+ cables & telegrams4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a great exagg]ation to say t all educat$ p>5ts & tea*]s 9 ,am]ica are int]e/$ 9 ! ,montessori sy/em1 b ! proportion :o really seem to be1 is a/oni%+ 9 ! extreme :5 "o consid]s ! v rec5t date ( ! beg9n+ ( ! :ole movem5t4 ,ov] !re 9 ,rome1 9 a t5em5t h\se1 a woman doctor beg9s obs]vations 9 an exp]im5tal laboratory ( *ildr51 & 9 five ye>s' "t1 :i* is no?+ to a real sci5ti/1 h] laboratory doors are /orm$ by inquir]s f ,au/ralia1 f ,norway1 f ,mexico1 &1 mo/ ( all1 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,tea*]s ( di/rict s*ools 9 ! ,c>ol9as write _! c\s9s t\r+ 9 ,europe to be sure to g to ,rome to see ! ,montessori s*ools4 ,mo!rs f ,oregon & ,ma9e write1 address+ _! lett]s1 8,montessori1 ,rome10 & make dem&s = enlight5m5t1 urg5t1 press+1 p]emptory1 & %amelessly p]emptory1 s9ce !y conceive ( a possibility t _! *ildr51 _! own *ildr51 ! mo/ important human be+s 9 ! _w1 may be miss+ some?+ valuable4 ,f innum]able t[ns & cities1 tea*]s1 ambiti\s to be 9 ! front ( _! pr(ession1 are tak+ _! ho>d$ sav+s f ! bank & />t+ to ,rome ) ! nave conviction t _! own ?ir/ = in=mation is suffici5t gu>antee t someone w in/antly be =?com+ to provide x = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,^w ,,build+ ,,) ,,cut-,,out ,,alphabet4 ,copyright #aiab1 by ,c>l ,r4 ,byoir ,:5 !y rea* ,rome1 mo/ ( !m q unable to express !mselves 9 ,italian or ev5 9 ,fr5*1 :at d !y f9d1 all ^! t\ri/s & lett]s ( inquiry1 & adv5tur+ s*ool-mi/resses8 ,!y f9d a dead wall4 ,!y h an un=mulat$ idea t !y are probably go+ to a highly organiz$ in/itution ( "s sort1 l our huge 8model s*ools0 atta*$ to our normal colleges1 ?r\gh ! classrooms ( :i* an un5d+ file ( obs]v]s is all[$ to pass4 ,& !y h no idea :atev] ( ! inevitability ) :i* ,italians speak ,italian4 ,!y f9d--if !y are rel5tlessly p]si/5t en\gh to pi]ce ?r\gh ! protection h] fri5ds try to ?r[ ab\t h]--only ,dr4 ,montessori h]self1 a private individual1 ph5om5ally busy ) v important "w1 :o does n speak or und]/& a ^w ( ,engli%1 :o has nei!r money1 "t1 or /r5g? en\gh s+le-h&$ to cope ) ! flood ( inquiries & inquir]s ab\t h] ideas4 ,9 ord] to devote h]self entirely to ! great und]tak+ ( transmut+ h] div9ations ( ! tru? into a def9ite1 logical1 & sci5tific sy/em1 %e has )drawn h]self m & m f public life4 ,%e has resign$ f h] *air ( an?ropology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,rome1 & la/ ye> s5t a sub/itute to d h] "w 9 ano!r academic position n connect$ ) h] pres5t rese>*--& ?is al?\gh %e is f> f be+ a woman ( indep5d5t means4 ,%e has sacrific$ ev]y?+ 9 h] private life 9 ord] to h1 = ! developm5t ( h] educational ideas1 t "t & fre$om s con/antly infr+$ ^u by ! well-mean+ urg5cy ( our dem&s = in/ruction f h]4 ,%e lives n[ 9 ! mo/ int5se retirem5t1 nev] tak+ a vacation f h] passionate absorption 9 h] "w1 n ev5 giv+ h]self "t = ! ex]cise necess>y = heal?1 surr\nd$ & aid$ by a little gr\p ( five devot$ disciples1 "y ,italian wom5 :o live ) h]1 :o call h] 8"m10 & :o exi/ 9 & = h] & h] ideas1 z ard5tly & :ole-he>t$ly z nuns ab\t an ador$ ,"m ,sup]ior4 ,toge!r !y are giv+ up _! lives to ! developm5t ( a complete educational sy/em bas$ on ! fundam5tal idea ( self-education :i* gave su* brilliant results 9 ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i ) *ildr5 f ?ree to six4 ,= ! pa/ ye>1 help$ spiritually by ^! disciples & mat]ially by influ5tial ,italian fri5ds1 ,dr4 ,montessori has be5 exp]im5t+ ) ! application ( h] ideas to *ildr5 f six to n9e1 & ,i ?9k x is no violation ( h] confid5ce to report t ^! exp]im5ts h be5 z a/oni%+ly successful z h] "w ) y\ng] *ildr54 ,x is to ?is woman burn+ ) eag]ness to d h] "w1 absorb$ 9 ! exhau/+ problems ( intellectual creation1 t /ud5ts f all ov] ! _w are turn+ = in/ruction 9 a phase ( h] a*ievem5t :i* n[ lies beh9d h]4 ,! woman 9 ! g5ius is t\*$ & he>t5$ by ! sudd5 homage ( ! _w1 b x is ! _s ( ! inve/igat+ sci5ti/ :i* mo/ (t5 inhabits t p[]ful1 bulky1 yet lightly pois$ body & looks out f ^? d>k1 prophetic eyes2 & f ! po9t ( view ( ! sci5ti/1 ! _w asks too mu* :5 x dem&s f h] t %e give h]self up to normal tea*+4 ,= x mu/ be app>5t f ! sket* ( h] pres5t position t %e w\ld ne$ to give up h] v life 7 %e to acc$e to all ! reque/s = tra9+ tea*]s 9 h] prim>y me?od1 s9ce %e is simply a private individual1 has no connection ) ! (ficial educational sy/em ( h] c\ntry1 is at ! head ( no normal s*ool1 gives no c\rses ( lectures1 & has no model s*ools ( h] own to :i* to invite visitors4 ,x is h>d to believe h] sad yet unembitt]$ /atem5t t !re is n[ 9 ,rome n "o prim>y s*ool :i* is entirely "u h] c>e1 :i* %e au?orizes 9 all its detail1 :i* is really a 8,montessori ,s*ool40 ,!re are1 x is true1 "s :i* %e />t$ & :i* are /ill conduct$ accord+ to h] ideas 9 ! majority ( details1 b n "o :]e %e is ! lead+ _s4 ,!re are a v>iety ( reasons1 natural en\gh :5 "o has once tak5 9 ! situation1 :i* acc\nt = ?is /ate ( ?+s1 s bewild]+ & disconc]t+ to ^? :o h come f s f> to le>n at headqu>t]s ab\t ! new ideas4 ,! ,italian ,gov]nm5t1 /ra9+ to c>ry ! heavy burd5s ( a mod]n ,/ate1 feels itself unable to und]take a radical & necess>ily v co/ly reorganization ( its s*ools1 ! tea*]s v naturally fe> revolution>y *anges :i* w\ld r5d] useless _! h>d-won diplomas1 & c>ry on aga9/ ! new sy/em a secret campaign :i* has be5 s f> successful4 ,h5ce x happ5s t inve/igators com+ f across seas h ! n unfamili> exp]i5ce ( f9d+ ! prophet by no means head ( ! (ficial religion ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,9 ! o!r camp1 fight+ j z bitt]ly1 are ! ,montessori adh]5ts1 full ( en?usiasm = h] philosophy1 devot+ all ! =ces at _! comm& 7& !y include _m ( ! highe/ intellectual & social =ces7 to ! success ( ! cause :i* !y believe to be ( ! utmo/ importance to ! future ( ! race4 ,x c be se5 t ! situation is n ord]ly1 calm1 or 9 any way adapt$ to dispassionate inve/igation4 ,& yet p :o h come f ,cali=nia & ,briti% ,columbia & ,bu5os ,ayres to seek = in=mation1 naturally d n wi% to g back to _! di/ant homes )\t mak+ a viol5t ef=t to inve/igate4 ,:at !y usually try to d is to =ce f someone 9 au?ority a c>d ( admission ei!r to ! ,montessori s*ool held 9 ! ,franciscan ,nunn]y on ! ,via ,giu/i1 or to ano!r conduct$ by ,signora ,galli among ! *ildr5 ( an extremely poor qu>t] ( ,rome1 or1 innoc5t & unaw>e1 9 all good fai? g to visit ! in/itutions 9 ! model t5em5ts1 /ill call$ ,case dei ,bamb9i4 ,b ,dr4 ,montessori's relations ) ^? s*ools ceas$ 9 #aiaa z a result ( an un=tunate disagreem5t betwe5 ,signor ,talamo & h]self 9 :i*1 s f> z an outsid] c judge1 %e 0 n to blame2 & ^? infant s*ools are n[ ?\ght by imp>tial judges to be f> f good expositions ( h] me?ods1 & 9 _m cases are actual trave/ies ( x4 ,fur!rmore1 ,dr4 ,montessori has n[ no connection ) ,signora ,galli's s*ools4 ,?is leaves accessible to h] c>e & guid$ by h] c\nsels only ! s*ool held 9 ! ,franciscan nunn]y1 :i* is direct$ by ,signor9a ,ball]9i1 "o ( ,dr4 ,montessori's own disciples1 z ! ne>e/ approa* to a s*ool "u h] own control 9 ,rome4 ,?is is1 9 _m ways1 an admirable example ( ! wond]ful result ( ! ,montessori ideas & is a revelation to all :o visit x4 ,b ev5 "h1 ?\gh ! good nuns make e ef=t to give a free h& to ,signor9a ,ball]9i1 x c be imag9$ t ! ecclesia/ical atmosph]e1 :i* 9 its v ess5ce is compos$ ( unque/ion+ ob$i5ce to au?ority1 is n ! mo/ cong5ial "o = ! gr[? ( a sy/em :i* uses e means possible to d away ) dogma ( any sort1 & to fo/] self-dep5d5ce & fir/-h& ideas ( ?+s4 ,m ?an ?is1 if ?is s*ool admitt$ freely all ^? :o wi% to visit x1 !re w\ld be m visitors ?an *ildr5 on _m a day4 ,x is n h>d to sympa?ize ) ! se>*]s = in=mation :o come f ! ends ( ! e>?1 :o /& agha/ at ?is futile end+ ( _! long j\rney4 ,& yet x w\ld be ! height ( folly = ! _w to call away f h] all-important "w an inve/igator f :om we hope s mu* 9 ! future4 ,h[ c we expect h]1 aga9/ all mann] ( mat]ial odds1 to organize a normal s*ool 9 a c\ntry ) a gov]nm5t indiff]5t1 if n ho/ile to h] ideas1 to ga!r funds1 to r5t rooms1 to arrange h\rs1 hire janitors1 & lay out c\rses6 ,b ! proselytiz] :o lives 9 e ard5t believ] makes h] z unreconcil$ to ! /ate ( ?+s z we are4 ,%e is regretfully aw>e ( ! opportunity to spread ! new gospel :i* is be+ lo/ ) e day ( sil5ce1 di/ress$ at ! ?\ght ( s5d+ ! pilgrims away empty-h&$1 & above all naturally di/ract$ ) anxiety le/ impure1 misund]/&+ c>icatures ( h] sy/em spread abroad 9 ! _w z ! only answ] to ! dem& = in=mation ab\t x4 ,busy z %e is ) ! mo/ absorb+ inve/igations1 ,dr4 ,montessori is will+ to meet ! _w halfway4 ,if ^? :o ask h] to tea* !m w d ! tangible1 comp>atively simple "w ( e/abli%+ an ,in/itute ( ,exp]im5tal ,p$agogy 9 ,rome1 ! ,dottoressa1 = all h] conc5tration on h] fur!r rese>*1 w be m ?an will+ to give en\gh ( h] "t = mak+ ! s*ool z wond]ful1 beautiful1 & inspir+ z only a ,montessori s*ool c be4 ,our "p %\ld be to endeavor to le>n f h] :at we c )\t di/urb+ too mu* t fre$om ( life :i* is z ess5tial to h] z to ! *ildr5 9 h] s*ools1 to give g5]\sly to an ,in/itute ( ,exp]im5tal ,p$agogy1 & !n freely all[ h] own inspiration to %ape its c\rse4 ,surely ! t]ms are n h>d ones1 & x is to be hop$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) ! g5u9e1 if some:at haphaz>d1 will+ness to fur!r ! cause ( education1 :i* is p]haps our mo/ cr$itable national *>act]i/ic1 w accept ! (f]$ opportunity & div]t a little ( ! money n[ be+ sp5t 9 ,am]ica on sci5tific inve/igation ( e sort to ?is inve/igation s vital = ! com+ g5]ation4 ,! ne$ is urg5t1 ! sum requir$ is n l>ge1 ! opportunity is "o 9 a c5tury1 & ! end to be ga9$ valuable beyond ! possibility ( exagg]ation1 =1 z ,dr4 ,montessori quotes at ! end ( ! preface ( h] book1 8,:oso /rives = ! reg5]ation ( education /rives = ! reg5]ation ( ! human race40 ,,note4--,s9ce ?is *apt] 0 pr9t$1 ,i h he>d ! good news t satisfactory arrangem5ts h be5 made by ! ,montessori ,am]ican ,committee ) ,dr4 ,montessori = a tra9+ class to be held 9 ,rome = ,am]ican tea*]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,"s ,,la/ ,,rem>ks ,t !re is little prospect ( an imm$iate adoption 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,montessori ideas ( flexibility & unhamp]$ individual gr[? is app>5t to anyone :o kn[s ev5 slightly ! hi]>*ic rigidity ( our sy/em ( education ) its inexorable advance along fix$ =e-orda9$ l9es1 f ! k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh ! prim>y s*ool1 on ?r\gh ! high s*ool to ! ,*9ese ordeal ( ! college entrance exam9ation1 an ev5t :i* ca/s its %ad[ f> d[n ! l9e ( s*ool-grades1 embitt]+ ! intellectual activities & d>k5+ ! life ( tea*]s & pupils 7ev5 pupils :o h n ! fa9te/ *ance ( go+ to college7 = ye>s be=e ! awful mom5t arrives4 ,all really good tea*]s h always be51 z mu* z !y 7 all[$ to be1 "s v>iety ( :at is call$ 9 ?is book 8,montessori tea*]40 ,b z ! ,/ate & private sy/ems ( education h swoll5 to m & m unmanageable proportions1 & h settl$ into m & m exact & cog-l relations ) ea* o!r1 tea*]s h f\nd !mselves requir$ to 8turn out a m uni=m product10 a process :i* is 9 its v ess5ce utt]ly abhorr5t to anyone ) ! s\l ( an educator4 ,our ,/ate sy/em ( education has come to su* an exalt$ degree ( uni=mity t a *ild 9 a ?ird grade 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia c be transport$ to a ?ird grade 9 ,ma9e1 & f9d himself 9 company ) *ildr5 be+ gr\nd out 9 precisely ! same educational hopp] he has left4 ,8 temp]am5t1 capacity1 ta/es1 surr\nd+s1 probable future & aspirations may be :at y w1 he w f9d all ! *ildr5 ab\t 8 age ( all temp]am5ts1 ta/es1 capacities1 probable futures & aspirations practically ev]y:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 be+ 8educat$0 exactly z he 01 9 8 orig9al grad$ s*ool1 :]ev] x 04 ,s*ool sup]9t5d5ts hold conf]5ces ( self-congratulation ov] ?is 8/&>diz+0 ( ,am]ican education1 & "s tea*]s are s hypnotiz$ by ?is m5tal attitude on ! "p ( _! (ficial sup]iors1 t !y come to take pride 9 ! ,procru/ean quality ( _! s*oolroom :]e all /atures are equaliz$1 & to labor consci5ti\sly to drive ?irty or m *ildr5 sl[ly & /eadily1 l a flock ( little %eep1 ) no /raggl]s & no advance-gu>d all[$1 along ! /raight road to ! next division1 :]e ano!r %eph]dess1 ) ! same tra9+1 takes !m 9 h&4 ,!re is a significant anecdote curr5t 9 s*ool-circles1 ( an educator ris+ to address an educational conv5tion :i* _h be5 discuss+ special treatm5t = m5tally sl[ & defici5t *ildr51 & solemnly mak+ only ?is pregnant exclamation1 8,we h special sy/ems = ! defici5t *ild1 & ! sl[ *ild & ! /upid *ild 444 b ,god help ! bright *ild60 ,n[ x is only fair to /ate t ?is me*anical exactitude ( program & ( organization has be5 9 ! pa/ ( incalculable s]vice 9 br++ educational ord] out ( ! *aos :i* 0 ! inevitable result ( ! a/\nd+ly rapid gr[? 9 population ( our c\ntry4 ,our educational sy/em is a monum5t to ! en]gy1 p]sev]ance1 & organiz+ g5ius ( ! v>i\s educational au?orities1 city1 c\nty1 & /ate sup]9t5d5ts & s on1 :o h creat$ x4 ,b l all o!r complicat$ ma*9es x ne$s to be controll$ by ma/]-m9ds :o d n =get its ultimate purpose 9 ! fasc9ation ( its smoo?ly-runn+ :eels4 ,t !re is pl5ty ( ! "r _s f]m5t+ among educators is evid5t4 ,=1 ev5 along ) ! mighty developm5t ( ?is educational ma*9e1 has gone a /eadily increas+ prote/ on ! "p ( ! be/ tea*]s & sup]9t5d5ts1 aga9/ its q possible misuse4 ,few p become tea*]s = ! sake ( ! money to be made 9 t bus9ess2 x is a pr(ession :i* rapidly becomes almo/ intol]able to anyone :o has n a natural ta/e = x2 &1 z a consequ5ce ( ^! two factors1 x is p]haps1 ( all ! pr(essions1 ! "o :i* has ! l>ge/ proportion ( memb]s ) a natural aptitude = _! lifework4 ,) ! in/9ctive "r-feel+ ( human be+s engag$ 9 ! "w = :i* !y 7 born1 a consid]able proportion ( tea*]s h prote/$ aga9/ ! tacit dem& ^u !m by ! ma*9e organization ( education1 to make ! *ildr5 "u _! c>e1 all alike4 ,!y h felt ke5ly ! ess5tial necessity ( inculcat+ initiative & self-dep5d5ce 9 _! pupils1 & 9 _m cases h be5 aid$ & abett$ 9 ^! het]odox ideas by m or less sympa!tic pr9cipals & sup]9t5d5ts2 b ! ugly1 h>d fact rema9s1 n a :it dim9i%$ = all _! ef=ts1 t ! tea*] ^: *ildr5 are n able to 8pass0 giv5 exam9ations on giv5 subjects1 at ! end ( a giv5 "t1 is "u suspicion2 & ! pr9cipal ^: s*ool is full ( su* tea*]s is v apt to give way to a successor1 *os5 by a bo>d ( bus9ess-m5 ) a cult = effici5cy4 ,to advise tea*]s "u su* conditions to 8adopt ,montessori ideas0 is to add ! grimme/ mock]y to ! difficulties ( _! position4 ,all t c be hop$ =1 at pres5t1 9 t direction1 is t ! /rong emphasis plac$ by ! ,montessori me?od on ! necessity = individual fre$om ( m5tal activity & gr[?1 may prove a valuable re9=cem5t to ^? ,am]ican educators :o are already /ruggl+ along t[>ds t goal4 ,?is g5]al /ate ( ?+s 9 ! =mal education ( our c\ntry is "o ( ! _m reasons :y ?is book is address$ to mo!rs & n to tea*]s4 ,! natural developm5t ( ,montessori ideas1 ! natural results ( ! introduction ( 8,*ildr5's ,homes0 into ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )\t ?is already exi/+ fix$ educational organization conv9c$ ( its own p]fection1 w\ld be entirely 9 accord ) ! g5]al1 vague1 unconsci\s sociali/ic drift ( our "t4 ,little by little1 v>i\s ent]prises :i* us$ to be private & individual1 are be+ c>ri$ on by "s c5tral1 exp]t organization4 ,?is is especially true z reg>ds ! life ( wom54 ,"o by "o1 all ! old 8home indu/ries0 are be+ tak5 away f u4 ,our laundry-"w1 bread-mak+1 sew+1 h\se-furni%+1 & ! l1 are all done 9 imp]sonal indu/rial c5t]s f> f ! home4 ,! education ( *ildr5 ov] six has already foll[$ ?is g5]al direction & is less & less 9 ! h&s ( ! *ildr5's mo!rs4 ,& n[ "h is ! ,casa dei ,bamb9i1 ready to take ! y\ng] *ildr5 out ( our ye>n+ arms1 & /]nly =bidd+ u to prote/1 z our mo!rs 7 =bidd5 to prote/ :5 we1 z girls1 w5t away to college1 or :5 tra9$ nurses came 9 to take ! c>e ( _! sick *ildr5 away f !m1 because ! be/ int]e/s ( ! com+ g5]ation dem& ?is sacrifice4 ,b z ?+s /& n[1 we mo!rs h a little brea?+-space 9 :i* to accu/om ourselves gradually to ?is inevitable *ange 9 our _w4 ,at "s "t 9 ! future1 society w c]ta9ly recognize ?is close h>mony ( ! successful ,casa dei ,bamb9i ) ! re/ ( ! t5d5cies ( our times1 & !n !re w be a ne$ to address a detail$ te*nical book on ,montessori ideas to tea*]s1 = ! tra9+ ( little *ildr5 w be 9 _! h&s1 z is already ! tra9+ ( old] *ildr54 ,& !n w be complet$ ! process :i* has be5 go+ on s long1 ( =c+ all wom5 into labor suitable to _! v>y+ temp]am5ts4 ,! la/ "o ( ! s-call$ 8natural10 8dome/ic0 occupations w be tak5 away f u1 & v %ame at our en=c$ idl5ess w drive u to foll[ m5 into do+1 ea* ! "w = :i* we are really fitt$4 ,^? ( u :o are born tea*]s & mo!rs 7= ! two words ought to mean ab\t ! same ?+7 w tra9 ourselves exp]tly to c>e = ! *ildr5 ( ! _w1 collect$ = _m h\rs a day 9 s*ool-homes ( v>i\s sorts4 ,^? ( u :o h n ?is natural capacity = wise & b5efic5t association ) ! "y 7& _m :o love *ildr5 de>ly are n gift$ ) wisdom 9 _! treatm5t7 w d o!r p>ts ( ! necess>y "w ( ! _w4 ,b t "t is /ill 9 ! future4 ,at pres5t our tea*]s c no m adopt ! utt] fre$om & ! rev]5ce = individual diff]5ces1 :i* con/itute ! ess5ce ( ! 8,montessori me?od10 ?an a cog 9 a great ma*9e c1 ( its own volition1 beg9 to turn backw>ds4 ,& "h is ! opportunity = u1 ! mo!rs1 p]haps among ! la/ ( ! race :o w be all[$ ! ine/imable delight & joy ( c>+ = our own little *ildr51 a delight & joy ( :i* society1 soon] or lat]1 w consid] u unwor?y on acc\nt ( our inexp]tness1 our c>elessness1 our absorption 9 o!r ?+s1 our lack ( wise prep>ation1 our lack ( ab/ract good judgm5t4 ,our "p1 dur+ ?is p]iod ( transition1 is to seize ^u reg5]at+ influ5ces com+ f any s\rce1 & %ape !m ) c>e into in/rum5ts :i* w help u 9 ! great task ( tra9+ little *ildr51 a complicat$ & awful responsibility1 our pa!tically inadequate tra9+ = :i* is (fset some:at by our passionate desire to d our be/4 ,we c collaborate 9 our small way ) ! sci5tific f\nd] ( ! ,montessori me?od1 & c help h] to g on ) h] sy/em 7discov]$ be=e its completion7 by assimilat+ pr(\ndly h] ma/]-idea1 & apply+ x 9 directions :i* %e has n yet _h "t f9ally & c>efully to explore1 su* z its application to ! dramatic & /hetic in/9cts ( *ildr54 ,above all1 we c apply x to ourselves1 to our own t5se & tr\bl$ lives4 ,we c absorb "s ( ,dr4 ,montessori's rev]5ce = vital processes4 ,inde$1 possibly no?+ c\ld m b5efit our *ildr5 ?an a :ole-he>t$ conv]sion on our "p to h] great & calm tru/ 9 life itself4 ,,index ,adult analysis ( *ildr5's problems1 #adc1 #adg1 #aed4 ,animal tra9+ diff]5t f *ild tra9+1 #aee4 ,app>atus3 ,big /air1 #gb1 #ajj4 ,broad /air1 #ajj4 ,button+-frames1 #ac1 #ae1 #ee1 #acd4 ,color spools1 #gc4 ,explanation (1 #ii ff4 ,geometric insets1 flat1 #gf4 ,geometric insets1 solid1 #gj4 ,h[ to use1 #fg ff41 #ia1 #ib1 #ii4 ,long /air1 #ajj1 #aib4 ,! ,t[]1 #ga1 #ajj4 ,age ( *ildr5 9 ,montessori s*ools1 #h4 ,apa!tic *ild1 !1 #da ff4 ,ari?metic1 beg9n+s (1 #af1 #ajj4 8,bad *ild10 !1 treatm5t (1 #cb4 ,big /air1 !4 ,see ,app>atus4 ,button+-frames4 ,see ,app>atus4 ,democracy1 basis ( ,montessori sy/em1 #aah1 #ahg4 ,discipl9e1 #ca1 #ada ff4 ,ex]cises1 gymna/ic1 #adf1 #adh2 = legs1 #aab2 = balance1 #aac1 #aae1 #adi4 ,ex]cises1 s5sory3 ,b>ic1 #fe1 #aja4 ,bl9dfold$1 #ag4 ,color games1 #gd4 ,color mat*+1 #gc4 ,he>?-side se$-game1 #aaj4 ,9 dim5sion1 #af4 ,9 fold+ up1 #ajg ff4 ,in/9ctive desire =1 #eb-ed4 ,n entire occupation ( *ildr51 #fh4 ,simplicity (1 #ed4 ,9 smell+1 #fd4 ,tactile1 #ei1 #fj1 #ajj1 #aae4 ,9 ta/+1 #fd4 ,by use ( wat]1 #aej1 #aea4 ,by use ( weights1 #fe1 #aja4 ,family life1 h[ affect$ by ,montessori sy/em1 #aba4 ,fre$om1 #ca1 #ajc1 #aah1 #aai1 #abc1 #aca4 ,g>d5s1 value (1 9 *ild-tra9+1 #bja1 #bjd4 ,geometric insets4 ,see ,app>atus4 ,individuality1 respect =1 ( ,montessori sy/em1 #dj1 #ic4 ,int]e/1 a pr]equisite to education1 #cj1 #id ff41 #aij4 ,k9d]g>t5 comp>$ ) ,montessori sy/em1 #bj1 #agc1 #agi2 z to self-annihilation ( tea*]1 #ahj2 z to abs5ce ( sup]vision1 #ahj2 z to social life ( *ildr51 #ahd2 z to ov]/imulation1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,lesson ( sil5ce1 #dc ff4 ,long /air4 ,see ,app>atus4 ,m5tal conc5tration1 #adc1 #ade4 ,music1 #ai4 ,new pupils1 #cg ff4 ,numb] ( pupils 9 ,montessori s*ool1 #h4 ,ob$i5ce1 #aee1 #aei1 #afa4 ,obs]vation ( *ildr51 necessity =1 #ib4 ,ov]/imulation1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,pati5ce ( *ildr51 #acg1 #ach1 #aij4 ,plants1 c>e (1 = *ildr51 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,read+1 #hi4 ,responsibility1 inculcation (1 #cd1 #ce1 #fi1 #gj1 #acf1 #bja4 ,s*ool day1 l5g? (1 #cg4 ,s*ool-equipm5t1 #h1 #ei4 ,self-control ( *ildr51 #adb1 #add1 #ade4 ,self-dep5d5ce ( *ildr51 #bc1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #acc1 #acg1 #aef1 #ahf4 ,sl[ness ( *ildr51 #ba1 #ace4 ,social life ( *ildr51 #ahd1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,sup]vision1 abs5ce (1 #aj1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ahj1 #aia1 #aic4 ,!oretic basis ( ,montessori sy/em1 vi1 #di1 #ef1 #ajc1 #abj1 #abc1--see also "u ,democracy1 ,fre$om1 ,int]e/1 ,individuality1 ,responsibility1 ,self-dep5d5ce4 ,t\*1 s5se (1 #eg1 #eh2 ex]cises =1--see ,ex]cises1 ,s5sory4 ,t[]1 !4 ,see ,app>atus4 ,writ+1 tra9+ =1 beg9n+s (1 #ei2 !ory und]ly+1 #gi ff42 alphabet1 #hb2 spontane\s writ+1 #hd2 "t requir$ to le>n1 #hg4 ,,doro?y ,,canfield',s ,,! ,,squirrel-,,cage ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,,williams4 #d? pr9t+4 #a4ce net4 ,?is is1 fir/ ( all1 an unusually p]sonal & real /ory ( ,am]ican family life4 8,"o has no hesitation 9 class+ #8,! ,squirrel-,cage' ) ! be/ ,am]ican fiction ( ?is or any season4 ,reg>d$ m]ely z a reali/ic /ory ( social ambitions 9 a typical ,ohio t[n1 x has all ! elem5ts ( div]sity1 feel+1 /yle1 *>act]ization & plot to captivate almo/ any memb] ( t l>ge & gr[+ public :i* kn[s vital fiction f brummagem4 ,! au?or has a mov+ /ory to tell1 & ) a calm1 sure art %e tells x by /irr+ our sympa?ies = ! s+ul>ly appeal+ h]o9e4 ,! *>act]s are all alive1 well contra/$1 wond]fully gr\p$40--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 8,%e br+s h] *ief indictm5t aga9/ ! re/less ambition ( ! ,am]ican bus9ess man1 & ! purposeless & empty life ( ! ,am]ican wife4444 ,! /ory ( a "y girl's p[]lessness to resi/ ! /eady pressure ( conv5tion40--,bookman4 8,a rem>kable /ory ( ,am]ican life to-day1 wor? read+ & wor? pond]+4444 ,h] book is1 fir/ ( all1 a /ory1 & a good "o ?r\gh\t40--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,,beulah ,,m>ie ,,dix',s ,,! ,,fight+ ,,blade ,by ! au?or ( 8,! ,mak+ ( ,*ri/oph] ,f]r+ham10 8,allison's ,lad10 etc4 ,) frontispiece by ,,george ,,v>ian4 #crd pr9t+4 #a4cj net4 ,! 8fight+ blade0 is a quiet1 boyi% ,g]man soldi] s]v+ ,cromwell1 :o1 ?\gh a deadly dueli/1 is at bottom h]oic & self-sacrific+4 ,he loves a little tomboy ,royali/ heiress4 ,new ,york ,tribune4--8,lov]s ( ?is k9d ( fiction w f9d "h all t !y c desire ( plot & dang] & d>+1 ( desp]ate enc\nt]s1 capture & hid+ & escape1 & ( nasc5t love amid ! al>ums ( w>1 & x is all ( excell5t quality40 ,*icago ,int]-,ocean4--8,! be/ hi/orical romance ! man :o writes ^! l9es has read 9 half a doz5 ye>s4444 ,! h]o9e is a de> maid & innoc5t1 yet n[ise sweeti% or tamely conv5tional4444 ,! /ory's h]o 444 is c]ta9ly z f9e a specim5 ( fight+ manhood 7) a g5tle he>t7 z ev] has be5 put be=e u4444 ,he lives1 m9d y1 he's :olly natural4444 ,oliv] ,cromwell makes a brief appe>ance1 b a /rik+ "o4444 ,"s ( ! m9or *>act]s 444 are z well drawn4444 ,f ! beg9n+ 444 until ! v end ! /ory holds ! read]'s glad1 intimate int]e/40 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,new ,,popul> ,,edition1 ,,) ,,app5dix ,conta9+ tables1 etc41 ( ! ,op]a ,season #aijh-aa4 8,! mo/ complete & au?oritative 444 pre-em95tly ! man to write ! book 444 full ( ! _s ( disc]n+ criticism4444 ,delightfully engag+ mann]1 ) humor1 allusiv5ess & an abundance ( ! p]sonal note40--,ri*>d ,aldri* 9 ,new ,york ,times ,review4 7,complete notice on application47 ,,*apt]s ,,( ,,op]a ,be+ hi/orical & critical obs]vations & records conc]n+ ! ,lyric ,drama 9 ,new ,york f its e>lie/ days d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,edw>d ,,krehbiel1 musical critic ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 au?or ( 8,music & ,mann]s 9 ! ,classical ,p]iod10 8,/udies 9 ! ,wagn]ian ,drama10 8,h[ to ,li/5 to ,music10 etc4 ,) ov] #gj portraits & pictures ( ,op]a ,h\ses4 #dej pp4 #abmo4 #b4ej net2 by mail1 #b4fh4 ,illu/rat$ circul> on application4 ,?is is p]haps ,mr4 ,krehbiel's mo/ important book4 ,! fir/ sev5 *apt]s deal ) ! e>lie/ op]atic p]=mances 9 ,new ,york4 ,!n foll[s a brilliant acc\nt ( ! fir/ qu>t]-c5tury ( ! ,metropolitan1 #ahhc-aijh4 ,he tells h[ ,abbey's fir/ disa/r\s ,italian season 0 foll[$ by sev5 seasons ( ,g]man ,op]a "u ,leopold ,damros* & ,/anton1 h[ ?is 0 tempor>ily eclips$ by ,fr5* & ,italian1 & !n return$ to dwell ) !m 9 h>mony1 ?anks to ,walt] ,damros*'s brilliant crusade1--also ( ! burn+ ( ! op]a h\se1 ! vicissitudes ( ! ,am]ican ,op]a ,company1 ! com+ & pass+ ( ,grau & ,conri$1 & f9ally ! op5+ ( ,osc> ,hamm]/e9's ,manhattan ,op]a ,h\se & ! fir/ two seasons !re91 #aijf-jh4 8,pres5t$ n only 9 a readable mann] b )\t bias 444 extremely int]e/+ & valuable40--,nation4 8,! illu/rations are a true embelli%m5t 444 ,mr4 ,krehbiel's /yle 0 nev] m *>m+4 ,x is a delight40--,philip ,hale 9 ,bo/on ,h]ald4 8,invaluable = purpose ( ref]5ce 444 ri* 9 critical passages 444 all ! great s+]s ( ! _w h be5 he>d "h4 ,mo/ ( ! great conductors h come to our %ores4444 ,memories ( !m :i* s]ve to humanize1 z x 71 8 analyses ( _! "w40--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,if ! read] w s5d 8 "n & address1 ! publi%]s w s5d1 f "t to "t1 in=mation reg>d+ _! new books4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,*ild ,,its ,,c>e1 ,,diet ,,& ,,common ,,ills ,,by ,e4 ,,ma!r ,,sill1 ,m4,d4 ,lectur] 9 ,diseases ( ,*ildr5 at ! ,new ,york ,polycl9ic ,m$ical ,s*ool & ,hospital2 ,att5d+ ,physician at ! ,good ,sam>itan ,disp5s>y & ,assi/ant ,att5d+ at ! ,new ,york ,polycl9ic ,hospital ,) #cd illu/rations4 #a4jj net2 by mail #a4jh ,conta9s j ! in=mation a "y "m ought to h1 ab\t ! fe$+1 clo?+1 air+1 & ex]cise ( infants & "y *ildr54 ,x is writt5 9 v simple language4 ,x tea*es h[ to di/+ui% ! diff]5t diseases ( *ildr54 ,x gives a c>efully prep>$ li/ ( antidotes = poisons4 ,x aims to give ! k9d ( help a "m ne$s be=e a physician c arrive1 ) sugge/ions :5 a physician is ne$$4 ,x is writt5 on ! assumption t ! "y "m ( to-day is n satisfi$ ) ! k h&$ d[n to h] f "m & gr&mo!r1 b wi%es a m ?or\gh up-to-date acqua9tance ) ! mod]n me?ods ( *ild c>e4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company #cd ,,we/ #cc;,d ,,/4 ,,new ,,york ,,new ,,books ,,prim>ily ,,= ,,wom5 ,buy ( y\r booksell]4 ,po/age is #h additional ,a ,,montessori ,,"m4 ,by ,doro?y ,canfield ,fi%] ,a ?oroly compet5t au?or :o has be5 mo/ closely associat$ ) ,dr4 ,montessori tells j :at ,am]ican mo!rs want to "k ab\t ?is new sy/em ( *ild tra9+4 7,helpfully illu/rat$4 #a4be net47 ,,! ,,*ild2 ,its ,c>e1 ,diet1 & ,common ,ills4 ,by ,dr4 ,e4 ,ma!r ,sill ,lectur] 9 ,new ,york ,polycl9ic1 ,att5d+ ,physician at ,good ,sam>itan ,disp5s>y1 ,new ,york1 etc4 ,) #cd illu/rations4 #bjg pp42 #afmo4 7#a4jj net47 ,circul> ) sample pages on reque/4 8,v well calculat$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! "y "m4 ,especially x conta9s mu* useful in=mation :i* ,i h n f\nd 9 o!r books ( ! k9d40--,,dr4 ,,h5ry ,,mcmahon ,,pa9t]1 ( ! ,new ,york ,nurs]y & ,*ild's ,hospital4 ,,mak+ ,a ,,bus9ess ,,woman4 ,by ,anne ,%annon ,monroe ,a "y woman ^: bus9ess assets are good s5se1 good heal?1 & ! ability to use a typewrit]1 goes to ,*icago to e>n h] liv+4 7#a4cj net47 ,,:y ,,wom5 ,,are ,,s4 ,by ,m>y ,r4 ,coolidge ,expla9s & traces ! developm5t ( ! woman ( #ahjj into ! woman ( to-day4 7#a4ej net47 ,,! ,,squirrel-,,cage4 ,by ,doro?y ,canfield ,a novel rec\nt+ ! /ruggle ( an ,am]ican wife & "m to call h] s\l h] own4 7#crd pr9t+4 #a4ce net47 ,,h]$ity 9 ,,relation to ,,eug5ics4 ,by ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port 8,"o ( ! =emo/ au?orities 444 tells j :at sci5tific inve/igation has e/abli%$ & h[ f> x is possible to control :at ! anci5ts accept$ z inevitable40--,n4 ,y4 ,,times ,,review4 7,) diagrams1 #crd pr9t+4 #b4jj net47 ,,! ,,gleam4 ,by ,hel5 ,r4 ,albee ,a frank spiritual autobiography4 7#d? pr9t+4 #a4ce net47 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,home ,,book ,,( ,,v]se ,am]ican & ,engli% 7#aehj-aiab7 ,compil$ by ,,burton ,e4 ,,/ev5son4 ,collects ! be/ %ort poetry ( ! ,engli% language--n only ! poetry ev]ybody says is good1 b also ! v]ses t ev]ybody reads4 7#cgdb pages2 ,india pap]1 #a vol41 #hvo1 complete au?or1 title & fir/ l9e indices1 #g4ej net2 c>riage #dj c5ts extra47 ,! mo/ compreh5sive & repres5tative collection ( ,am]ican & ,engli% poetry ev] publi%$1 includ+ #c1abj unabridg$ poems f "s #a1ajj au?ors4 ,x br+s toge!r 9 "o volume ! be/ %ort poetry ( ! ,engli% language f ! "t ( ,sp5c]1 ) especial att5tion to ,am]ican v]se4 ,! copyright deadl9e has be5 pass$1 & "s ?ree hundr$ rec5t au?ors are includ$1 v few ( :om appe> 9 any o!r g5]al an?ology1 su* z ,lionel ,johnson1 ,noyes1 ,h\sman1 ,mrs4 ,meynell1 ,yeats1 ,dobson1 ,lang1 ,watson1 ,wilde1 ,francis ,?ompson1 ,gild]1 ,le ,galli5ne1 ,van ,dyke1 ,woodb]ry1 ,riley1 etc41 etc4 ,! poems z arrang$ by subject1 & ! classification is unusually close & se>*+4 ,"s ( ! mo/ compreh5sive sections are3 ,*ildr5's rhymes 7#cjj pages72 love poems 7#hjj pages72 nature poetry 7#djj pages72 humor\s v]se 7#ejj pages72 patriotic & hi/orical poems 7#fjj pages72 reflective & descriptive poetry 7#djj pages74 ,no o!r collection conta9s s _m popul> favorites & fugitive v]ses4 ,,delightful ,,pocket ,,an?ologies ,! foll[+ books are uni=m1 ) full gilt flexible cov]s & pictur$ cov] l9+s4 #afmo4 ,ea*1 clo?1 #a4ej2 lea!r1 #b4ej4 ,,! ,,g>l& ,,( ,,*ildhood ,a little book = all lov]s ( *ildr54 ,compil$ by ,p]cy ,)]s4 ,,! ,,vi/a ,,( ,,engli% ,,v]se ,compil$ by ,h5ry ,s4 ,pancoa/4 ,f ,sp5c] to ,kipl+4 ,,lett]s ,,t ,,live ,compil$ by ,laura ,e4 ,lockwood & ,amy ,r4 ,kelly4 ,"s #aej lett]s4 ,,poems ,,= ,,travell]s 7,ab\t 8,! ,cont95t407 ,compil$ by ,miss ,m>y ,r4 ,j4 ,du,bois4 ,,! ,,op5 ,,road ,a little book = wayf>]s4 ,compil$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,,! ,,fri5dly ,,t[n ,a little book = ! urbane1 compil$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,,! ,,poetic ,,old-,,_w ,compil$ by ,miss ,l4 ,h4 ,humphrey4 ,cov]s ,europe1 includ+ ,spa91 ,belgium & ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,,! ,,poetic ,,new-,,_w ,compil$ by ,miss ,humphrey4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company #cd ,,we/ #cc,,rd ,,/reet ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,!atre ,& ,o!r ,pr9ciples ( ,dramatic ,criticism ,by ,,clayton ,,hamilton4 ,au?or ( 8,mat]ials & ,me?ods ( ,fiction40 #a4ej net2 by mail1 #a4fj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,!atre4--,:at is a ,play8--,! ,psy*ology ( ,!atre ,audi5ces4--,! ,actor & ! ,dramati/4--,/age ,conv5tions 9 ,mod]n ,times4--,economy ( ,att5tion 9 ,!atrical ,p]=mances4--,emphasis 9 ! ,drama4--,! ,f\r ,lead+ ,types ( ,drama3 ,trag$y & ,melodrama2 ,com$y & ,f>ce4--,! ,mod]n ,social ,drama4 ,,o!r ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,dramatic ,,criticism4--,! ,public & ! ,dramati/4--,dramatic ,art & ! ,!atre ,bus9ess4--,! ,happy ,end+s 9 ! ,!atre4--,! ,b\nd>ies ( ,approbation4--,imitation & ,sugge/ion 9 ! ,drama4--,hold+ ! ,mirror up to ,nature4--,blank ,v]se on ! ,contempor>y ,/age4--,dramatic ,lit]ature & ,!atric ,j\rnalism4--,! ,int5tion ( ,p]=mance4--,! ,quality ( ,new ,endeavor4--,! ,effect ( ,plays ^u ! ,public4--,pleasant & ,unpleasant ,plays4--,!mes 9 ! ,!atre4--,! ,function ( ,imag9ation4 ,,dramati/s ,,( ,,to-,,day ,,ro/&1 ,,hauptmann1 ,,sud]mann1 ,,p9]o1 ,,%aw1 ,,phillips1 ,,maet]l9ck ,by ,,pr(4 ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett ,,hale1 ,,jr41 ( ,union ,college4 ,) gilt top1 #a4ej net4 7,by mail1 #a4fj47 ,an in=mal discussion ( _! pr9cipal plays & ( ! p]=mances ( "s ( !m4 ,! volume op5s ) a pap] 8,on ,/&>ds ( ,criticism10 & concludes ) 8,our ,idea ( ,trag$y10 & an app5dix ( all ! plays ( ea* au?or1 ) dates ( _! fir/ p]=mance or publication4 ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/3 8,x is n (t5 n[adays t a !atrical book c be met ) s free f gu% & m]e eulogy1 or s weight$ by common s5se 444 an excell5t *ronological app5dix & full index 444 uncommonly useful = ref]5ce40 ,dial3 8,notewor?y example ( lit]>y criticism 9 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( lit]>y fields4444 ,well wor? read+ a second "t40 ,,! ,,g]man ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,by ,,georg ,,witk[ski4 ,translat$ by ,,pr(4 ,l4 ,e4 ,,horn+4 #abmo4 #a4jj4 ,klei/1 ,grillp>z]1 ,hebbel1 ,ludwig1 ,wild5bru*1 ,sud]mann1 ,hauptmann1 & m9or dramati/s receive att5tion4 ,new ,york ,times ,review3 8,! translation ( ?is brief1 cle>1 & logical acc\nt 0 an extremely happy idea4 ,no?+ at ! same "t s compreh5sive & t]se has appe>$ on ! subject1 & x is a subject ( increas+ int]e/ to ! ,engli%-speak+ public40 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,con+sby ,dawson's ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,)\t ,,walls ,! triple romance ( a ,pagan-,puritan ( to-day1 ) ?ree h]o9es ( unusual *>m4 #a4ce net4 ,bo/on ,transcript3--8,all vivid ) ! color ( life2 a novel to compel n only absorb$ att5tion1 b long remembrance40 ,cosmo ,hamilton 9 ,! ,new ,york ,sun3--8,a new writ] :o is an old ma/]4444 ,he lets all ! poet 9 him loose4444 ,he has set himself 9 l9e ) ^? great dead to :om ! novel 0 a liv+1 ?robb+ ?+1 vibrant ) ! life blood ( its creator1 puls+ ) s5sitiv5ess1 laught]1 idealism1 te>s1 ! fire ( y\?1 ! joy ( liv+1 passion1 & und]ly+ x all t s5se ( ! goodness ( ,god & ,8 e>? & ,8 *ildr51 )\t :i* no?+ is a*iev$1 no?+ lives40 ,life3--8,! fir/ treat ( ! new season40 ,*icago ,record-,h]ald3--8,8 und]curr5ts always are ^? ( hope & sympa?y & und]/&+4 ,moreov]1 ! book is s+ul>ly t\*$ to beauty1 alive ) descriptive gems1 & g5tly bubbl+ humor & humanization ( unusual ord]4 ,g5]\s & clev] & g5ial40 ,m>jorie ,patt]son's ,,! ,,du/ ,,( ,,! ,,road ,a vivid /ory ( /age life by an actress4 ,h] *>act]s are h>d-work+1 b humor\s & clean-liv+4 ,) color$ frontispiece1 #a4cj net4 ,new ,york ,tribune3--8,h] /ory w\ld n be s vivid & conv9c+ if its pr(essional "p1 at lea/1 _h n be5 liv$4 ,! glamor ( ! /age is f\nd "h :]e x %\ld be1 9 ! ambition ( ! "y girl1 9 ! f9e en?usiasm ( ! manag]4 ,!re is humor "h1 & pa?os1 fri5d%ip1 loyalty1 ! vanity ( :i* we he> s mu*40 ,new ,york ,sun3--8,9 a p>ticul>ly illum9at+ way1 _m po9ts are t\*$ ^u :i* w be read ) int]e/ 9 ^! days :5 ! "y daught]s ( families are b\nd to g =? & attack ! _w = !mselves40 ,h5ry ,l4 ,m5ck5 9 ,baltimore ,ev5+ ,sun3 8,lively & int]e/+ human be+s 444 dramatic situations 444 a vivid backgr\nd 444 %e kn[s h[ to write 444 amaz+ plausibility4 ,^! /age folk are real 444 depict$ ) humor1 insight1 vivacity 444 ab\nd+ g5iality & good humor40 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,h5ri ,,b]gson',s ,,creative ,,evolution ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,ar?ur ,mit*ell ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 #cgjcg pp4 index1 #hvo1 #b4ej net4,c 8,b]gson's res\rces 9 ! way ( erudition are rem>kable1 & 9 ! way ( expression !y are simply ph5om5al4 ,op5 ,b]gson1 & new horizons op5 on e page y read4 ,no?+ 9 ,b]gson is %op-worn or at second h&40--,,william ,,james4 8,?an its entrance ^u ! field z a well-arm$ & militant philosophy1 !re h be5 n _m m memorable occurr5ces 9 ! hi/ory ( ideas40--,! ,nation4 ,,hel5 ,r4 ,,albee',s ,,! ,,gleam ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,h>dy ,plants = ,cottage ,g>d5s0 & 8,m\nta9 ,playmates40 #a4ce net4,c 8,might be call$ ! autobiography ( a s\l--,a record ( ! developm5t ( ! spiritual in/9ct f its dawn 9 a *ild ( six to its fruition 9 a woman ( =ty-sev54444 ,told ) s9c]ity & simplicity1 ) a *ildlike frankness1 & at ! same "t great retic5ce 9 all matt]s except ^? ( ! _s1 & also ) an a/oni%+ lack ( :at is commonly call$ egotism4444 ,^? int]e/$ 9 psy*ic exp]i5ces w f9d matt] "h t piques & holds ! int]e/1 & t l>g] body int5t ^u "s way ( escape out ( ! limitations ( daily liv+ & ! difficulties & disord] ( daily ?9k+1 w f9d #8,! ,gleam' practically helpful & illum9at+40--,! ,nation4 8,! record ( a woman's religi\s d\bts1 h] revolt f or?odoxy & h] unsatisfactory appeal to sci5ce to appease ! crav+ ( h] spiritual nature1 & h] f9al discov]y ( ! means )9 h]self to gratify h] long+s4 ,x is an intimate acc\nt ( a /ruggle = peace & com=t told )\t res]vation40--,new ,york ,sun4 ,j4 ,,novic[',s ,,w> ,,& ,,its ,,alleg$ ,,b5efits ,by ! ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,int]national ,in/itute ( ,sociology4 ,translat$ by ,?omas ,seltz]4 #acj pp4 #afmo4 #a4jj net4,c ,! ,cont5ts include3 ,w> z an ,end 9 ,itself--,"o-,sid$ ,reason+--,w> a ,solution--,physiological ,effects--,economic ,effects--,political ,effects--,intellectual ,effects--,moral ,effects--,survivals1 ,r\t9e ,ideas1 & ,sophi/ries--,! ,psy*ology ( ,w>--,w> ,consid]$ z ! ,sole ,=m ( ,/ruggle--,! ,!ori/ ( ,brute ,=ce--,antagonism & ,solid>ity4 8,a small volume ) a l>ge purpose4444 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! argum5ts ( w> z a b5eficial ag5t are consid]$ & vigor\sly & cle>ly refut$4444 ,v simple & cle>1 bri/l+ ) crisp1 epigrammatic s5t5ces4444 ,! au?or has accompli%$ a m>vel\s lot 9 a v small compass2 !re is no wild]ness ( words "h2 in/ead1 facts s5t out ) gatl+ gun briskness40--,*icago ,tribune4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company #cd ,we/ #cc;d ,/reet ,new ,york ,,new ,,books ,,on ,,! ,,liv+ ,,issues ,,by ,,liv+ ,,m5 ,,& ,,wom5 ,! ,home ,univ]sity ,libr>y ,clo? ,b\nd #ej;c p] volume net2 by mail #ef;c4 ,po9ts ab\t ,,! ,,home ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y ,e volume is absolutely new1 & specially writt5 = ! ,libr>y4 ,!re are no repr9ts4 ,e volume is sold sep>ately4 ,ea* has illu/rations :]e ne$$1 & conta9s a ,bibliography z an aid to fur!r /udy4 ,e volume is writt5 by a recogniz$ au?ority on its subject & ! ,libr>y is publi%$ "u ! direction ( f\r em95t ,anglo-,saxon s*ol>s--,,gilb]t ,,murray1 ( ,ox=d2 ,h4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,fi%]1 ( ,ox=d2 ,j4 ,,ar?ur ,,?omson1 ( ,ab]de52 & ,pr(4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,brew/]1 ( ,columbia4 ,e subject is ( liv+ & p]man5t int]e/4 ,^! books tell :atev] is mo/ important & int]e/+ ab\t _! subjects4 ,ea* volume is complete & indep5d5t2 b ! s]ies has be5 c>efully plann$ z a :ole to =m a compreh5sive libr>y ( mod]n k cov]+ ! *ief subjects 9 ,hi/ory & ,geography1 ,lit]ature & ,art1 ,sci5ce1 ,social ,sci5ce1 ,philosophy1 & ,religion4 ,an ord] = any volume w insure receiv+ ann\ncem5ts ( future issues4 ,,"s ,,comm5ts ,,on ,,! ,,s]ies ,,z ,a ,,:ole3 8,excell5t40--,! ,outlook4 8,exce$+ly wor? :ile40--,! ,nation4 8,! excell5ce ( ^! books40--,! ,dial4 8,s l>ge a proportion ) m>k$ individuality40--,new ,york ,sun4 ,,volumes ,,on ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art ,,n[ ,,ready ,l&m>ks 9 ,fr5* ,lit]ature ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,/ra*ey4 ,ar*itecture ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby4 ,m$iaeval ,engli% ,lit]ature ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,k]4 ,mod]n ,engli% ,lit]ature ,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,mair4 ,! ,engli% ,language ,by ,l4 ,,pe>sall ,,smi?4 ,%akespe>e ,by ,,john ,,masefield4 ,great ,am]ican ,writ]s ,by ,w4 ,p4 ,,tr5t ,,john ,,ersk9e4 ,writ+ ,engli% ,prose ,by ,w4 ,t4 ,,brew/]4 ,dr4 ,johnson & ,8 ,circle ,by ,,john ,,bailey4 ,! ,victorian ,age 9 ,lit]ature ,by ,g4 ,k4 ,,*e/]ton4 ,! ,lit]ature ( ,g]many ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,rob]tson4 ,pa9t]s & ,pa9t+ ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,w$more4 ,%elley1 ,godw91 & _! ,circle ,by ,h4 ,n4 ,,brails=d4 ,anci5t ,art & ,ritual ,by ,,jane ,,h>rison4 ,euripides & ,8 ,age ,by ,,gilb]t ,,murray4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company #cd ,,we/ #cc;,d ,,/reet ,,new ,,york ,,/&>d ,,contempor>y ,,novels ,,william ,,de ,,morgan',s ,,joseph ,,vance ,! /ory ( a great sacrifice & a lifelong love4 ,ov] f\rte5 pr9t+s4 #a4ge4 ,li/ ( ,mr4 ,de ,morgan's o!r novels s5t on application4 ,,paul ,,leice/] ,,=d',s ,,! ,,hon4 ,,pet] ,,/irl+ ,?is fam\s novel ( ,new ,york political life has gone ?r\gh ov] fifty impressions4 #a4ej4 ,,an?ony ,,hope',s ,,prison] ,,( ,,z5da ,?is romance ( adv5ture has pass$ ?r\gh ov] sixty impressions4 ,) illu/rations by ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson4 #a4ej4 ,,an?ony ,,hope',s ,,rup]t ,,( ,,h5tzau ,?is /ory has be5 pr9t$ ov] a score ( times4 ,) illu/rations by ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson4 #a4ej4 ,,an?ony ,,hope',s ,,dolly ,,dialogues ,has pass$ ?r\gh ov] eighte5 pr9t+s4 ,) illu/rations by ,h4 ,c4 ,*ri/y4 #a4ej4 ,,*>les ,,battell ,,loomis',s ,,*e]ful ,,am]icans ,by ! au?or ( 8,poe's ,rav5 9 an ,elevator0 & 8,a ,holiday ,t\*40 ,) #bd illu/rations4 ,t5? pr9t+4 #a4be4 ,,may ,,s9clair',s ,,! ,,div9e ,,fire ,by ! au?or ( 8,! ,helpmate10 etc4 ,fifte5? pr9t+4 #a4ej4 ,,burton ,e4 ,,/ev5son',s ,,m>a?on ,,my/]y ,?is my/]y /ory ( a ,new ,york ap>tm5t h\se is n[ 9 its sev5? pr9t+1 has be5 republi%$ 9 ,engl& & translat$ into ,g]man & ,italian4 ,) illu/rations 9 color4 #a4ej4 ,e4 ,l4 ,,voyni*',s ,,! ,,gadfly ,an int5se romance ( ! ,italian upris+ aga9/ ! ,au/rians4 ,tw5ty-?ird edition4 #a4be4 ,,david ,,dwight ,,wells',s ,,h] ,,lady%ip',s ,,elephant ,) cov] by ,wm4 ,ni*olson4 ,eighte5? pr9t+4 #a4be4 ,c4 ,n4 & ,a4 ,m4 ,,williamson',s ,,lightn+ ,,conductor ,ov] ?irty pr9t+s4 #a4ej4 ,c4 ,n4 & ,a4 ,m4 ,,williamson',s ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,passes ,illu/rat$ by ,edw>d ,p5field4 ,eigh? pr9t+4 #a4ej4 ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,footnotes3 ,a ,at fir/ he traces only ! outl9e ( ! inside figure4 ,lat] ! squ>e frame is also outl9$4 ,b ,a note "h may p]haps cle> up a possible misconception4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t all ^! /atem5ts ab\t ! necessity = int]e/ 9 ! *ild's m9d ref] only to educative processes4 ,occasions may arise :5 x is desirable t a *ild %all d some?+ :i* does n int]e/ him--= in/ance1 sit /ill 9 a railway tra9 until ! end ( ! j\rney4 ,b no "o ne$ ?9k t he w ev] acquire a ta/e = ?is occupation ?r\gh be+ =c$ to x4 ,c ,po/age on net books is #h additional4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,italiciz$ text is surr\nd$ by und]scores3 italics4 ,embold5$ text is surr\nd$ by equals signs3 bold4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>diz$4