,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$ b o!r v>iations 9 spell+ & punctuation rema9 unalt]$4 ,! use ( 8v0 9 ,,reprodvction & ,illv/rations z !y appe> on ! title page & 9 ! head+ = ! li/ ( illu/rations h be5 reta9$4 ,illu/ration ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,( ,,draw+ ,,= ,,mod]n ,,me?ods ,,( ,,reprodvction ,,by ,,*>les ,g4 ,,h>p]1 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,engli% ,,p5 ,,arti/s ,,( ,,to-,,day40 ,illu/ration ,illu/rat$ ) ,draw+s by sev]al ,h&s1 & ) ,sket*es by ! ,au?or %[+ ,comp>ative ,results obta9$ by ! sev]al ,me?ods ( ,reproduction n[ 9 ,use4 ,,london3 ,,*apman ,,hall1 ,,ld4 #ahid4 ,,to ,,*>les ,,morley1 ,,esq4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,morley1 ,x is ) a peculi> satisfaction t ,i inscribe ?is book to y\rself1 = to y m ?an to any o!r occupant ( an editorial *air is due ! position held by 8process0 9 illu/rat+ ! haz>ds & happ5+s ( ea* succe$+ week4 ,"t 0 :5 ! 8,pall ,mall ,budget10 ) a d>+ orig9ality nev] to be =gott51 illu/rat$ ! news ) diagrams fa%ion$ h]oically f ! some:at limit$ arm\ry ( ! compositor4 ,nor ,i nor my contempor>ies1 ,i ?9k1 h =gott5 ^? weapons ( (f5ce--! brass rules1 hyph5s1 a/]isks1 dagg]s1 braces1 & o!r common objects ( ! type-case--) :i* ! ,nor?umb]l& ,/reet pr9t]s set =? ! details ( a procession1 or ! configuration ( a c\ntry4 ,!re 0 9 ^? days a _w ( mean+--ap>t f libell\s innu5do--9 a r[ ( a/]isks2 = did !y n signify a *a9 ( m\nta9s8 ,& :at ,old ,man ,eloqu5t 0 ev] s vividly conv9c+ z ^? s]p5t9e brass rules t s]v$ z ! accept$ hi]oglyphics = riv]s on type-set maps8 ,^! 7 ! beg9n+s ( illu/ration 9 ! 8,pall ,mall ,budget0 :5 y fir/ fill$ ! editorial *air4 ,! leaps & b\nds by :i* y came abrea/ ( 7&1 inde$1 ov]look7 ! o!r purveyors ( illu/rat$ news1 hot & hot1 ,i ne$ n rec\nt1 nor is !re occasion "h to allude to ! ev5ts :i* l$ to :at "s allit]ative j\rnali/ has /yl$ ! ,battle ( ! ,budgets4 ,only ?is3 t if o!rs h reap$ :]e y h s[n1 :y6 'twas ev] ?us4 ,= ! re/1 ,i mu/ ne$s apologize to y = a brea* ( an etiquette :i* dem&s t p]mission be fir/ _h & obta9$ be=e a ,d$ication may be pr9t$4 ,to pr9t an unau?oriz$ tribute to a private individual is wrong3 :5 7z 9 ! pres5t case7 an ,editor is conc]n$ ,i am n sure t ! wrong-do+ halts any?+ be=e lse maje/4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,*>les ,g4 ,,h>p]4 ,,london1 ,may1 #ahid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,preface ,ev]y:]e to-day is ! ,illu/rator 7arti/ he may n always be71 = nev] 0 illu/ration s m>ketable z n[2 & ! correspond5ce-editors ( ! ,sunday pap]s h at l5g? f\nd a new outlet = ! sup]flu\s en]gies ( _! eag] qu]i/s 9 advis+ !m to 8g 90 = black & :ite3 z "o might advise an applicant to adv5ture ^u a comm]cial ent]prise ( l>ge issues & great risks be=e ! am\nt ( 8 capital 7if any7 _h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,x is s v easy to make black m>ks ^u :ite c>dbo>d1 is x n8 & n p>ticul>ly difficult to seize ^u ! egregi\s mann]isms ( ! accept$ purveyors ( 8! picturesque0--t cli* phrase1 batt]$ n[adays out ( all real mean+4 ,b = really s]i\s art--p]sonal1 aggressive1 def9ite & in/ruct$--"o requires some?+ m ?an a p5*ant1 or ! /imulat+ impulsion ( an empty pocket1 or ev5 ! illusory magnetism ( ! vie bohme ( ! lady-noveli/1 ^: arti/s /ill we> velvet coats & aureoles ( auburn hair1 & m>ry ! inevitable heiress 9 ! ?ird volume4 ,n t "o really wi%es to be "o ( ^? creatures1 = ! lady-noveli/s' love-lorn embryonic ,mi*ael ,angelos are g5]ally great cads2 b ?is by ! way6 ,:at is want$ 9 ! aspirant is ! vocation3 ! feel+ = beauty ( l9e & = decoration1 & ! p[]s bo? ( idealiz+ & ( selection4 ,p5-draw+ & alli$ me?ods are ! *iefe/ means ( illu/ration at ?is day1 & ^! qualities are ess5tial to _! successful employ4 ,practition]s 9 p5-&-ink are already num]\s en\gh to give any new-com] pause be=e he adds himself to _! numb]1 b c]ta9ly ! great] numb] ( !m are m]ely j\rnali/s )\t s5se ( /yle2 mann]i/s only ( a peculi>ly vici\s p>asitic type4 8,b10 ask ^? correspond5ts1 8does illu/ration pay80 8,yes10 says t omnisci5t p]son1 ! ,correspond5ce-,editor4 ,!n ^? pixie-l$ wayf>]s ?r\gh life1 fill$ ) an inord9ate desire to draw1 to pa9t1 to translate ,nature on to canvas or c>dbo>d 7at a pr(it71 set ab\t ! /a9+ ( fair pap]1 ! wa/+ ( good ink1 bru%es1 p5s1 & all ! mat]ials ) :i* ! graphic arts are pursu$1 & lo6 j because ! great] numb] ( !m set out1 n ) ! love ( an art1 b ) ! s+le idea ( a pay+ inve/m5t ( "t & lab\r--x does n pay6 ,remun]ation 9 _! case is ,lat9 = ?ree f>?+s4 ,publi%]s & editors1 x is said1 c n[1 ) ! *eapness ( mod]n me?ods ( reproduction z aga9/ ! exp5se ( wood-engrav+1 af=d to pay arti/s bett] because !y pay engrav]s less4 ,p]haps !y c4 ,b d !y8 ,p5-draw+ 9 p>ticul> has1 by reason ( ^! ?+s1 almo/ come to /& = exagg]ation & a %ameless lic5se--a conv5tion t sees & r5d]s ev]y?+ 9 a mann] flamboyantly qua9t4 ,b ?is ve9 is be+ work$ d[n to ! b$-rock3 x has plumb$ its deepe/ dep?1 & ev]y?+ n[ po9ts to a p]iod ( in/ruct$ sobriety :]e n[ ! untaught ab&on ( ^! mann]i/s has riot$ ?r\gh ! pages ( illu/rat$ magaz9es & newspap]s to a f9al disrepute4 ,arti/s are n[ beg9n+ to ask h[ !y c dissociate !mselves f t m]ely manufactur+ army ( frantic draughtsm5 :o nev]1 or r>ely1 g beyond ! ex]cise ( pure l9e-"w2 & ! wid5+ p[] ( process gives !m answ]4 ,results /rik+ & unhackney$ are always to be obta9$ to-day by ^? :o are n hag-ridd5 by t purely ,phili/9e ideal ( ! cle> %>p l9e4 ,^! pages are writt5 z a plea = some?+ else ?an ! et]nal r\nd ( un9spir$ "w4 ,!y conta9 sugge/ions & examples ( results obta9$ 9 /riv+ to be at "o ) mod]n me?ods ( reproduction1 & p]haps ,i may be p]mitt$ to hope t 9 ?is direction !y may be ( "s s]vice4 ,,*>les ,g4 ,,h>p]4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introductory #a ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,an ,,art #i ,,comp>ative ,,processes #bb ,,pap] #gh ,,p5s #ib ,,inks #if ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,p5-,,draw+ #ajb ,,wa% ,,draw+s #aba ,,/yles ,,& ,,mann] #ace ,,pa9t]s' ,,p5-,,draw+s #aed ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,,engli% ,,p5 ,,arti/s ,,( ,,to-,,day3 ,examples ( _! "w1 ) "s ,criticisms & ,appreciations4 ,sup] royal #dto1 #c #cs4 net4 ,,! ,,brighton ,,road3 ,old ,times & ,new on a ,classic ,highway4 ,) #ie ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or & f old pr9ts4 ,demy #hvo1 #afs4 ,,f ,,padd+ton ,,to ,,p5zance3 ,! ,record ( a ,summ] ,tramp4 ,) #aje ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 ,demy #hvo1 #afs4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,li/ ( ,illv/rations ,,page ,,vignette ,,on ,,title ,,k5s+ton ,,palace4 ,photogravure ,frontispiece ,,! ,,hall1 ,,b>n>d',s ,,inn #be ,a ,,w9d[1 ,,*ep/[ ,,ca/le #bi ,,on ,,:atman',s 8,,n0 ,,pap] #ca ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,on ,,allong ,,pap] #ca1 #cb ,,bolt ,,head3 ,a ,,mi/y ,,day4 ,bitum5 process #ch ,,bolt ,,head3 ,a ,,mi/y ,,day4 ,swell$ gelat9e process #ci ,a ,,note ,,at ,,gorran4 ,bitum5 process #dc ,a ,,note ,,at ,,gorran4 ,swell$ gelat9e process #dc ,,*>lwood4 ,swell$ gelat9e process #de ,,*>lwood4 ,reproduc$ by ,*efdeville #de ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,t[] ,,bridge ,,works4 ,bitum5 process #dh ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,t[] ,,bridge ,,works4 ,bitum5 process4 ,sky revis$ by h&-"w #di ,,k5s+ton ,,palace #ea ,,snodgrass ,,f>m #ec ,,sunset1 ,,black ,,rock #ee ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,dilut$ ,,inks1 ,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,gillot #eg ,,*ep/[ ,,ca/le #fa ,,clif=d',s ,,inn3 ,a ,,foggy ,,night #fe ,,p5cil ,,& ,,p5 ,,& ,,ink ,,draw+ ,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,half-,,tone ,,process #fh ,,! ,,village ,,/reet1 ,,t9t]n4 ,,night #gj ,,leebotwood #ga ,,examples ,,( ,,day',s ,,%ad+ ,,m$iums #ge1 #gf ,,*ur*y>d ,,cross1 ,,raglan #gf ,,canvas-,,gra9 ,,clay-,,bo>d #hd ,,pla9 ,,diagonal ,,gra9 #he ,,pla9 ,,p]p5dicul> ,,gra9 #he ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,p5cil ,,on ,,:ite ,,aquat9t ,,gra9 ,,clay-,,bo>d #hf ,,black ,,aquat9t ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+ #hg ,,black ,,diagonal-,,l9$ ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+ #hg ,,black ,,p]p5dicul>-,,l9$ ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+ #hh ,,v5etian ,f,,te ,,on ,,! ,,se9e1 ,,) ,,! ,,trocad]o ,,illum9at$ #hi ,,! ,,gateh\se1 ,,moynes ,,c\rt #aaj ,,portrait ,,sket*es #aah1 #aai ,,! ,,h\ses ,,( ,,p>liam5t ,,at ,,night1 ,,f ,,! ,,riv] #abb ,,victoria ,,embankm5t ,,ne> ,,blackfri>s ,,bridge3 ,a ,,foggy ,,night #abc ,,corfe ,,railway ,,/ation #abe ,,! ,,ambulatory1 ,,dore ,,abbey #abg ,,moonlight3 ,,conflu5ce ,,( ,,! ,,sev]n ,,& ,,! ,,wye #aca ,,diagram ,,%[+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,r$uc+ ,,draw+s ,,= ,,reproduction #acc ,,pa9t]',s ,,p5-,,draw+--,,pa/urage1 ,,by ,,mr4 ,,alfr$ ,,h>tley #aee ,,portrait1 ,,by ,,mr4 ,,bonnat #aef ,,t[+ ,,pa?1 ,,ab+don1 ,,by ,,mr4 ,,david ,,murray #aeh ,a ,,portrait ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,by ,,mr4 ,t4 ,,blake ,,wirgman #aei ,,f9is #afa ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,( ,,draw+ ,,= ,,reproduction4 ,,introductory4 ,p5-draw+ is ! mo/ spontane\s ( ! arts1 & among/ ! appli$ crafts ! mo/ mod]n4 ,! pr(essional p5-draughtsman 0 unkn[n b a few ye>s s9ce2 fifte5 ye>s ago1 or !reab\ts1 he 0 an obscure individual1 work+ at a poorly consid]$ craft1 & h&l+ 0 s seldom ?\ght ( t ! illu/rator :o c\ld draw passably well 0 r>ely tr\bl$ by 8 publi%] on ! score ( te*nique4 ,= t :i* _h des]v$ ! "n ( te*nique 0 dead1 s f> z illu/ration 0 conc]n$1 & 8process10 :i* 0 pres5tly to vivify x1 01 al?\gh born already1 b yet a sickly *ild4 ,to-day ! illu/rators are num]\s beyond computation1 & ! "n ( ^? :o are impell$ to ! spoil+ ( good pap] & ! wa/+ ( mu* ink is inde$ legion4 ,= unc\nt$ ye>s be=e ! inv5tion ( photo-me*anical me?ods ( engrav+1 !re _h be5 practis$ a me?od ( draw+ ) ! p51 :i* =m$ a pretty pa/ime :]e) to fleet ! idle h\rs ( ! g5tlemanly amateur1 & ?is 01 = no discov]able reason1 call$ 8et*+40 ,x is ne$less at ?is "t to g into ! d]ivatives ( t ^w1 ) ! object ( prov+ t ! v]b 8to et*0 means some?+ v diff]5t f draw+ 9 ink ) a p52 x %\ld h1 long s9ce1 be5 demon/rat$ to ev]ybody's satisfaction t et*+ is ! art ( draw+ on metal ) a po9t1 & ( bit+ 9 t draw+ ) acids4 ,b ! manufactur]s ( p5s long fo/]$ ! fallacy by sell+ s-call$ et*+-p5s3 probably !y d s ev5 n[4 ,by :om p5-draw+s 7 fir/ call$ et*+s none c say4 ,c]ta9ly ! two arts h little or no?+ 9 common3 ! t]ms are n int]*angeable4 ,et*+ has its own especial *>act]i/ics1 :i* may1 to an ext5t1 be imitat$ ) ! p51 b ! quality & direction ( l9e produc$ by a rigid /eel po9t on metal are entirely diff]5t f ! l9es drawn ) a flexible nib ^u pap]4 ,! l9e produc$ by an et*+ ne$le has a uni=m ?ickness1 b ) ! ne$le y c "w 9 any imag9able direction ^u ! copp] plate4 ,) a nib ^u pap]1 a l9e v>y+ 9 ?ickness ) ! pressure ( ! h& results1 b !re is n t entirely free use ( ! h& z ) ! et*+ po9t3 y _c ) entire fre$om draw f & t[>d y\rself4 ,! greate/ expon5ts ( p5-draw+ h n entirely conqu]$ ! normal inability ( ! p5 to express ! inf9ite delightful wayw>dnesses ( ! et*+-po9t4 ,aga91 ! et*$ l9e is only less %>p ?an ! l9e made by ! grav] ^u wood2 ! l9e drawn ) ! p5 ^u ! smoo!/ surface is ragg$1 view$ "u a magnify+ glass4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is n a plea = a clean l9e 9 p5-"w--t is only ! ideal ( comm]cial draughtsman%ip--b ! man :o c produce su* a l9e ) ! p5 at w1 :o c ov]come ! t5d5cy to inflexible l9es1 has ris5 victori\s ov] ! /ubbornness ( a mat]ial4 ,! sket*-books1 gilt-lett]$ & india-rubb] b&$1 ( ! bread-&-butt] miss1 & :at "o may be all[$1 p]haps1 to t]m ! 8pre-process0 amateur g5]ally1 give no h9t ( h&l+1 no =eta/e ( te*nique4 ,!y are b>r5 ( aught save ill-regi/]$ facts1 & af=d no pleasure to ! eye1 :i* is ! end1 ! s5su\s end1 ( all art4 ,r did ^! artless folk almo/ inv>iably seek to adv5ture beyond ! prov9ce ( ! p5 by /rokes inf9itely little & microscopic1 s t !y might haply deceive ! eye by simil>ity to wood engrav+s or /eel pr9ts4 ,b 9 ^? days p5-draw+ 0 only a pursuit2 to-day x is a liv+ art4 ,n[1 an art is n m]ely a /oreh\se ( facts1 nor a moral influ5ce4 ,if x 0 ( ^! ?+s1 !n ! photographic cam]a w\ld be all-p[]ful1 & all t w\ld be left to d ) ! h&s w\ld be ! production ( devotional pictures2 & ( ^? :o produc$ !m ! be/ arti/ w\ld infallibly be him ) a "* ! mo/ not$ = piety4 ,art1 to ! contr>y1 is entirely indep5d5t ( subject or morals4 ,x is n sociology1 nor ev] %all be2 & ^? :o practise an art might be ! v]ie/ p>iahs1 & yet _! works rank te*nically1 arti/ically1 among ! be/4 ,art is h&l+ 9 excelsis1 & its results lie prop]ly 9 ! pride ( ! eye & ! satisfaction ( ! /hetic s5se1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,rusk9 w\ld h x o!rwise4 ,is ?is ! la%+ ( a dead horse1 or ?rice slay+ ! sla98 ,no1 ,i ?9k n4 ,! moral & lit]>y fallacies rema94 ,op5 an art exhibition & give y\r exhibits te*nical1 n subject titles1 & y %all he> a mighty h[l1 ,i promise y4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 too1 has rec5tly f\nd grudg+ occasion to say t1 = arti/s1 8x does n appe> t a lit]>y education w\ld be necess>y 9 all cases40 ,:5ev] 0 x necess>y8 ,b !n ,mr4 ,ham]ton is himself "o ( ^? philosophic writ]s ( a w9n+ lit]>y turn :o c practise an art 9 by no means a di/+ui%$ way1 b :o write dogma by ! y>d & fumble ov] e illu/ration ( _! precepts4 ,8 ,draw+ & ,engrav+--a repr9t f 8 ,encyclopdia ,britannica article--is worse ?an useless to ! /ud5t ( illu/ration1 & especially ( p5-draw+1 because ,mr4 ,ham]ton has long be5 left beh9d ! times4 ,he kn[s little ( ! admirable mod]n me?ods ( reproduc+ l9e-"w1 b gives u etymologies ( draw+ & hi/orical diss]tations on engrav+1 :i* we d n want4 ,( su* antiquat$ matt] are ev5 ! curr5t editions ( encyclopdias fa%ion$4 ,! fact is1 ! bulk ( art criticism is writt5 by m5 :o c only /r+ platitudes & /ale /udio slang toge!r1 )\t beg9n+ to und]/& pr9ciples4 ,! appall+ j\rnalese ( mu* 8art criticism0 is hopelessly out ( date2 ! slang ( a half-=gott5 atli] is ! l+o ( w\ld-be criticism to-day4 ,x seems /range t a man :o c write pretty v]s de socit or ano!r :o writes essays 7essays1 truly1 9 ! philological s5se71 %\ld = su* acquirem5ts be among/ ^? to :om is delegat$ ! criticism ( art 9 pa9t+1 draw+1 or engrav+2 b s x is4 ,no "o :o has n surm\nt$ ! difficulties ( a m$ium c truly appreciate te*nique 9 x1 :e!r t m$ium be words1 or pa9t1 or ink4 ,no "o1 = in/ance1 w\ld give a pa9t] or a p5-arti/ ! *ance to review a poet's new volume ( poems4 ,y w\ld n s5d a plumb] to pron\nce ^u a bak]'s me?od ( knead+ 8 d\gh4 ,no2 b an ord9>y report] is judg$ capable ( criticiz+ a gall]y ( pictures4 ,y _c get mu* arti/ic *ange out ( 8 report1 nor f ! articles on art writt5 by a man ^: only claim to ! /&+ ( 8art critic0 is ! possession ( a second-class c]tificate 9 draw+ f ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,b ( su* /uff are ! neurotic ,n]os ( ! lit]>y 8art critique0 fa%ion$1 & equally unau?oriz$ by works are ! lectures on illu/ration ) :i* ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,blackburn at dec5t int]vals tickles suburban audi5ces or ! amiable dilettante ( ! ,society ( ,arts into ! fallaci\s belief t !y "k all ab\t x1 8:i*10 to quote ! ,euclidian =mula1 8is absurd40 ,inde$1 n ev5 ! mo/ indu/ri\s1 ! be/-in=m$1 nor ! mo/ ca?olic-m9d$ man c\ld ev] lecture1 or write articles1 or publi% an illu/rat$ critical "w ^u illu/ration :i* %\ld %[ an approximation to complet5ess 9 its examples ( /yles & me?ods4 ,! ?+ has be5 attempt$1 b w nev] be done1 because ! quantity ( "w--ev5 good "w--t has be5 produc$ is s va/1 ! /yles s v>i$4 ,! great /oreh\ses ( ! be/ p5-"w are ! magaz9es1 & f !m ! eclectic w ga!r a ri* h>ve/4 ,! ,c5tury & ,h>p]'s are n[ ! *ief ( ^!4 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,art & ! ,portfolio1 :i* 7 us$ to be fill$ ) good orig9al "w1 are n[ busi$ 9 provid+ su* r*auffs z photographic blocks f pa9t+s old & new1 b *iefly old1 because !y co/ no?+ = copyright4 ,z = newspap] "w1 ! ,daily ,graphic is creat+ a s*ool ( its own1 :i* does f> bett] "w ?an ev] its ,new ,york namesake 7n[ defunct7 ev] pr9t$4 ,"s beautiful & mo/ sugge/ive p5-draw+s are to be f\nd 9 ! e>li] numb]s ( ,l',art & _m ,p>isian publications1 su* z ! ,c\ri] ,franais1 ,vie ,mod]ne1 ,p>is ,illu/r1 & ,la ,petit ,j\rnal p\r ,rire4 ,_m ( ! ,salon catalogues1 too1 conta9 admirable examples4 ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,an ,,art4 ,photo-me*anical processes ( reproduction 7 inv5t$ by m5 :o s\ght1 n to create an art1 n to help art 9 any way1 b only to *eap5 ! co/ ( reproduction4 8,l9e0 processes--t is to say1 processes = ! reproduction ( pure l9e--?\gh n ! fir/ inv5t$ among/ mod]n me?ods1 7 ! fir/ to come into a /ate ( practical utility2 ?\gh ev5 !n _! results 7 s crude t ! arti/s :om necessity l$ to draw = !m sank at once to a deep] dep? ?an ev] !y _h s\nd$ :5 ! fac-simile wood-cutt] held !m 9 bondage4 ,!y became ! slaves ( me*anical limitations & *emical =mul1 :i* 0 a worse condition ?an hav+ be5 h5*m5 ( a craftsman4 ,s f> z ! /hetic s5se is conc]n$1 ! process illu/ration ( previ\s date to 7say7 #ahhj might all be de/roy$ & no h>m done1 save1 p]haps1 ! loss ( mu* evid5ce ( a docum5t>y "* t[>d ! hi/ory ( e>ly days ( processes4 ,!re h be5 two great factors 9 _! gradual p]fection--competition ) ! wood-engrav]s & ( rival process firms "o ) ano!r1 &1 p]haps m important /ill1 ! indep5d5cy ( a few arti/s :o h f\nd me?ods ( draw+ ) ! p51 & h foll[$ !m despite ! tempor>y limitations ( ! process-man4 ,! workm5 h 8drawn = process0 9 ! wor/ & mo/ comm]cial s5se ( ! t]m2 !y h set d[n _! l9es aft] ! h>d-&-fa/ rules :i* 7 =mulat$ = _! guidance4 ,= ye>s aft] ! inv5tion ( z9cography1 arti/s :o 7 induc$ to make draw+s = ! new me?ods ( engrav+ work$ 9 a dull r\nd ( r\t9e2 = 9 ^? days ! process-man 0 n less1 b m1 tyrannical ?an 8 pr$ecessor1 ! wood-engrav]2 8 yoke 01 = a "t1 h>d] to be>4 ,"o 0 enjo9$ to make draw+s ) only ! blacke/ ( ,indian ink1 ^u ,bri/ol-bo>d1 ! ?icke/ & smoo!/ & :ite/ t c\ld be obta9$1 & ^u none o!r4 ,x 0 impress$ ^u ! draughtsman t he %\ld draw l9es ?ick & wide ap>t & firm1 & t 8 draw+s %\ld be made ) a view to1 pref]ably1 a r$uction 9 scale ( "o-?ird4 ,also t by no means %\ld 8 l9es run toge!r by any *ance1 except 9 ! matt] ( a co>se & obvi\s cross-hat*4 ,& s1 by reason ( ^! ?+s1 ! p5-"w ( t "t is become dreadful to look ^u at ?is day4 ,! man :o !n drew ) a view to reproduction squirm$ on ! v edge ( 8 *air1 & ) compress$ lips1 & 8 he>t 9 8 m\?1 drew ^u 8 ,bri/ol-bo>d sl[ly & c>efully1 & ) s heavy a h&1 t pres5tly 8 wri/ a*$ consum$ly1 & 8 draw+ became /ilt$ 9 ! extreme4 ,n yet 0 p5-draw+ a pr(ession1 = few m5 _h le>n$ ^! =mul2 & ! z9cography ( t "t made mis]able all !m t 7 translat$ by x into some?+ appreciably diff]5t f _! orig9al "w4 ,illu/ration1 al?\gh already s5sibly increas$ 9 volume1 0 arti/ically at ! l[e/ ebb4 ,x 0 a manufacture1 an indu/ry2 b sc>cely a pr(ession1 & mo/ c]ta9ly x _h n yet become an art4 ,:5 te*nique 9 draw+ = process began to appe> z an individual te*nique oppos$ to ! old fac-simile wood-engrav+ ne$s1 x 0 a h&l+ entirely abom9able & in>ti/ic4 ,if old-"t draw+ = ! wood-engrav]s 0 pursu$ 9 grooves ( conv5tion1 work+ = ! z9cograph] proce$$ 9 ruts4 ,!re h nev] be51 be=e or s9ce1 su* horribly un9spir$ ?+s produc$ z 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( process-"w 9 ^! isl&s4 ,su* dull1 scrat*y1 spotty1 wiry-look+ pr9ts result$3 !y 71 z n[1 produc$ 9 z9c1 & !y proclaim$ x unmi/akably4 ,_h n ^! new me?ods be5 ab\t "o-fif? ! co/ ( wood-engrav+1 !y w\ld h _h no *ance :atev]4 ,b we are a comm]cial & an in>ti/ic p1 & publi%]s1 c>eless ( appe>ance1 welcom$ any results t gave !m a typographic block at a fif? ( its =m] co/4 ,process1 9 its beg9n+s1 0 n a promis+ me?od ( reproduction4 ,m5 saw sc>cely any?+ 9 x save *eap 7& na/y7 ways ( multiply+ diagrams1 & ! bald & g5]ally artless elevations ( new build+s issu$ f ar*itects' (fices4 ,b 9 c\rse ( "t1 bett] blocks1 ) practice1 became possible1 & fre] use ( ! p5 0 obta9$2 al?\gh at e unhackney$ /roke ! process-man %riek$ disa/]4 ,x is incalculable h[ mu* "t has be5 wa/$1 h[ _m c>e]s set back1 by ob$i5ce to ! h>d-&-fa/ rules laid d[n = ! guidance ( arti/s by ! process-p ( ye>s s9ce4 ,to ^? arti/s :o1 ) an arti/ic recklessness ( results entirely admirable & praisewor?y1 set d[n _! "w z !y pleas$1 we owe1 m ?an to any o!rs1 ! progress ( process2 by _! imm$iate m>tyrdom 0 our ev5tual salvation e>n$4 ,& 9 ! sure & c]ta9 hope ( a reproduction really & truly fac-simile1 ! draughtsman 9 ! m$ium ( p5-&-ink is to-day become a te*nician ( a peculi> subtlety4 ,to-day1 ) ! ex]cise ( k & discrim9ation1 draw+s ! mo/ difficult ( reproduction may be r5d]$ fai?fully2 x is a matt] only ( *oice ( processes4 ,b 9 ! mass ( reproduction at ?is "t1 ?is k1 ?is discrim9ation1 are (t5 se5 to be lack+4 ,x is a matt] ( comm]ce1 ( c\rse1 = a publi%]1 an editor1 to s5d (f orig9als 9 bulk to "o firm1 & to await f "o s\rce ! result+ blocks4 ,b unkn[+1 or reckless ( _! individual m]its & ne$s1 our typical editor has ?us consign$ "s draw+s to an unk9d fate4 ,!re are _m processes ev5 = ! reproduction ( l9e1 & draw+s ( v>y+ *>act]i/ics are bett] reproduc$ by diff]5t me?ods2 !y %\ld ea* be s5t = reproduction on its own m]its4 ,x 0 9 #ahhd t !re began to arise q a numb] ( orig9al /yles 9 p5-"w1 & !n ?is new pr(ession 0 by way ( becom+ an art4 ,y w n f9d any ,engli%-pr9t$ book or magaz9e be=e ?is date %[+ a sign ( ?is new art1 b n[ x arose sudd5ly1 & at once became an irresponsible1 unreason+ welt] ( ill-consid]$ mann]isms4 ,ev] s9ce #ahhd1 until )9 ! la/ ye> or two1 p5-draughtsm5 h riot$ ?r\gh e conceivable & inconceivable vag>y ( mann]4 ,! arti/s :o by =ce ( arti/ry & "* h help$ to spur on ! process-man aga9/ 8 w1 & h work$ ) little or no he$ to ! %ortcom+s ( 8 sci5ce1 h fre$ ! h&s ( a dreadful rabble t has revell$ m]ely 9 ecc5tricity4 ,?us has lib]ty = a space meant a lic5ce s wild t to-day x has become q refre%+ to turn back to ! sobriety ( ! old illu/rators ( f ?irty to =ty ye>s ago1 :o drew = ! fac-simile wood-engrav]4 ,f #aheg1 ?r\gh ! '#fj's1 & on to #ahge1 :5 x f9ally %r$d$ out1 !re exi/$ a f9e conv5tion 9 draw+ = illu/ration & ! wood-engrav]4 ,among ! =emo/ expon5ts ( x 7 ,millais1 ,s&ys1 ,*>les ,gre51 ,rob]t ,b>nes1 ,simeon ,solomon1 ,mahony1 ,j4 ,d4 ,watson1 & ,j4 ,d4 ,l9ton4 ,p9well & ,fr$ ,walk]1 too1 produc$ excell5t "w 9 ?is mann]1 be=e !y untimely di$4 ,! ,sunday ,magaz9e1 ,once a ,week1 ,good ,words1 ,cornhill1 ! fir/ two ye>s ( ! ,graphic1 &1 :]e ! draw+s h n be5 drawn d[n to _! hum\r\s leg5ds1 ! volumes ( ,pun* dur+ ?is p]iod1 are a v]itable /oreh\se ( beautiful examples ( ?is peculi>ly ,engli% s*ool4 ,x 0 a conv5tion t grew out ( ! wood-engrav]'s impos$ limits1 & !y became transc5d$ by ! art ( ! "y arti/s ( t day4 ,!re is a c]ta9 sweetness & grace 9 ^? old illu/rations t seems to increase ) ! wid5+ ( t gulf betwe5 our day & ! day ( _! production4 ,x is n = ! sake ( _! draughtsman%ip alone 7?\gh t is excell5t71 b *iefly = _! te*nical qualities1 & _! f9e "*-draw+1 t ^? monum5tal a*ievem5ts 9 illu/ration appeal s /rongly to ! arti/ic eye to-day4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ dur+ ^! la/ ye>s to ! /ress ( mann]ism1 ! bravura treatm5t ( import$ art1 br++ ) x /range atmosph]es :i* h no?+ 9 common ) our dull] skies1 &1 tru? to tell1 we want a *ange4 ,n[1 we might d mu* worse ?an h>k back to ! '#fj's1 & /udy ! peculi> /yle br\ght ab\t by ! ne$s ( ! wood-engrav]1 b trans=m$ into an admirable s*ool by m5 :o wr\ght _! trammels into a conv5tion s great t x _c fail1 "s day1 to be reviv$4 ,x is greatly to be deplor$ t we h n left to u ! orig9al draw+s ( t "t & ^! m54 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 & ?r\gh a long s]ies ( ye>s1 ! draw+s f :i* ^! fac-simile wood-engrav+s 7 made 7 drawn by ! arti/s on ! wood block1 & engrav$1 s t we h left to u only ! m or less successful engrav]'s imitation ( ! arti/s' orig9al l9e-"w4 ,b :5 ^! blocks 7 ! "w ( ! ,dalziels1 or ( ,swa91 we may g5]ally take !m z a close approximation to ! orig9al draw+4 ,p5 & p5cil bo? 7 us$ ^u ! wood blocks3 "s ( ^! are to be se5 at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ) ! orig9al draw+s ^u !m /ill uncut1 photography hav+ 9 ! mean :ile become appli$ to ! use ( transf]r+ a draw+ f pap] to ! wood surface4 ,unless y h practis$ et*+ on copp]1 9 :i* y h to draw ^u ! plate 9 rev]se1 y c h little idea ( ! relief exp]i5c$ by ! arti/s ( ?irty ye>s ago1 :5 ! necessity = draw+ 9 rev]se ^u ! wood 0 obviat$4 ,n[1 ,i am n go+ to say t ) p5 & ink & process-reproduction y c\ld obta9 ! sweetness ( ! wood-engrav$ l9e1 b some?+ ( x %\ld be possible1 & ! dignifi$1 almo/ classic1 res]ve & repose ( ?is /yle ( draughtsman%ip c\ld be1 9 great measure1 br\ght back to help assuage ! worry ( ! ultra-clev] p5-"w ( to-day1 & to =m a grateful relief f t peculi>ly mod]n vice 9 illu/ration1 ( 8mak+ a hole 9 ! page40 ,! great difficulty t w\ld lie 9 ! way ( su* a revival w\ld be t ^? :o w\ld attempt x w\ld ne$ to be good draughtsm52 & ( ^! !re are n _m4 ,no tricks nor fla%y treatm5t hid bad draw+ 9 ?is te*nique1 z 9 mu* ( ! slap-da%9ess ( to-day4 ,& n only w\ld s\nd draughtsman%ip be ess5tial1 b also *>act]ization ( a peculi>ly well-se5 & graphic description4 ,! illu/rator ( a g5]ation ago work$ "u trem5d\s disadvantages4 8,phiz0 et*$ 8 inimitable illu/rations ( ,dick5s ^u /eel ) all ! att5dant drawbacks ( work+ 9 rev]se1 yet he w\ld be a bold man or reckless :o %\ld decry him4 ,he 01 at 8 be/1 great] beyond comp>ison ?an ,,! ,cruick%ank--,george1 9 ! =efront ( t arti/ic tr9ity--& he rea*$ 8 highe/ po9t 9 ! delightful composition ( 8,capta9 ,cuttle consoles 8 ,fri5d10 9 ,dombey & ,son4 ,composition & *>act]ization are beyond any?+ done be=e or s9ce4 ,x is di/9ctly1 obvi\sly1 great1 & x fits ! au?or & 8 /ory l--l a glove4 ,"o _c f9d a new] & bett] simile ?an t = good fitt+4 ,& 7n to criticize mod]n "w sev]ely because x is mod]n7 ! great] bulk ( illu/ration to-day fits ! /ories x pr(esses to elucidate l a ,/r& tailor4 ,!re are facilities n[ = buy+ electrotypes f magaz9es & illu/rat$ p]iodicals1 by :i* engrav+s t h already s]v$ "o turn 9 illu/rat+ a /ory c be pur*as$1 to d duty aga9 9 illu/rat+ ano!r2 & ?is is a practice v widely preval5t to-day4 ,& :y c ?is be s readily done8 ,! answ] is ne> to seek4 ,x is because illu/ration is become s *>act]less t x is s readily int]*angeable4 ,p]haps x may be s\ght to lay ! blame ^u ! au?or2 & c]ta9ly !re is n at ?is "t s ready a field = "*-draw+ z ,dick5s pres5t$4 ,b ,i h n se5 any illu/rations to ,mr4 ,h>dy's tales1 nor to ,mr4 ,/ev5son's1 t realize ! excell5tly well-%[n types 9 _! works4 ,if y %\ld *ance to see any e>ly volumes 7say f #ahei to #ahfc7 ( ,once a ,week = sale1 secure !m3 !y %\ld be ! *]i%$ possessions ( e black & :ite arti/4 ,aft] ?is date _! quality fell (f4 ,*>les ,ke5e contribut$ to ,once a ,week "s ( 8 be/ "w1 & ! ,mr4 ,millais ( t date 9 l9e is m int]e/+ ?an ! ,sir ,john ,millais ( to-day 9 pa9t4 ,!re is1 9 especial1 a beautiful draw+ by him1 an illu/ration to ! ,gr&mo!r's ,apology1 9 ! volume = #ahei1 page #dj4 ,b1 frankly1 x is a mi/ake to in/ance "o illu/ration :]e s v _m are monum5tal productions4 ,fr$ ,walk] contribut$ _m exquisite draw+s2 ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 few en\gh to make u ard5tly wi% !re 7 m2 & ! same may be said ( ,mr4 ,s&ys' decorative "w--8 ,rosamond1 ,que5 ( ! ,lomb>ds1 8 ,yet once m let ! ,organ play1 8 ,k+ ,w>wulf1 ,h>ald ,h>fagr1 or ,! ,old ,*>ti/4 ,^! ?+s are a delight3 ! arti/'s "w s insi/5tly good1 ! quality ( ! engrav]'s l9es s wond]fully f9e4 ,= all ! talk & po!r ab\t illu/ration1 !re is no?+ to-day t comes )9 miles ( ! "w done 91 say1 #ahfb-ahfc = ,once a ,week4 ,x w\ld be difficult to ov]-praise or to ov]-e/imate ! value ( ?is f9e p]iod4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( ! abom9able cr9ol9e2 b ev5 t hide\s fa%ion 0 transfigur$ by ! arti/ry ( ^! m54 ,t is evid5t 9 ! beautiful draw+1 ,if1 contribut$ by ,s&ys to ! ,argosy = #ahfc1 9 :i* ! gr&ly fl[+ l9es ( ! dress %[ :at may be done ) ! mo/ unpromis+ mat]ial4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ draw+s 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e range f #ahfc to #ahfg4 ,especially notewor?y are ! illu/rations by ,fr$ ,walk]--,maladetta1 ,may1 #ahfc1 page #fba1 & ,out ( ! ,valley ( ! ,%ad[1 ,janu>y1 #ahfg1 page #ge4 ,if y comp>e ! fir/ ( ^! ) ! little p5-draw+ by ,*>les ,gre51 reproduc$ by process 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 ,may1 #ahia1 page #hid1 entitl$1 8,give me ^? lett]s10 y w see h[ ,mr4 ,gre5's h& has reta9$ ! old te*nique he & 8 bro!r illu/rators le>nt 9 draw+ = ! wood-engrav]1 & y w obs]ve h[ well t old h&l+ looks1 & h[ admirably x reproduces 9 ! process-"w ( to-day4 ,two o!r mo/ successful wood blocks f ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e may be not$--,"m's ,gu9eas1 by ,*>les ,ke5e1 ,july1 #ahfd1 & ,molly's ,new ,bonnet1 ,augu/1 #ahfd1 by ,mr4 ,du ,mauri]4 ,,comp>ative ,,processes4 ,processes1 at fir/ *iefly ( ! heliogravure or photogravure v>iety--processes1 t is to say1 ( ! intaglio or plate-pr9t+ description1 pr9t$ 9 ! same way z et*+s & mezzot9ts1 f dots & l9es sunk5 9 a metal plate in/ead ( /&+ out 9 relief--date back almo/ to ! inv5tion ( photography 9 #ahcd2 & all mod]n processes ( reproduc+ draw+s h a photographic basis4 ,ev5 at t "t x 0 demon/rat$ t a glass negative c\ld be us$ to reproduce ! photographic image z an et*$ plate t w\ld pr9t 9 ! mann] ( a mezzot9t4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,fox-,talbot1 to :om belongs1 equally ) ,dagu]re1 ! inv5tion ( photography1 0 ! fir/ to %[ ?is4 ,he devis$ an et*$ silv] plate t reproduc$ a photograph direct4 ,photo-relief1 or type-pr9t+1 blocks date f su* comp>atively rec5t times z #ahfj1 :5 ! ,photographic ,j\rnal %[$ an illu/ration pr9t$ f a block by ! ,prets* process4 ,at ?is pres5t "t !re are ?ree me?ods ( prim>y importance = ! reproduction ( l9e draw+s-- ,! swell$ gelat9e process1 ,! album5 process1 ,! bitum5 process4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ?ree processes is ! mo/ exp5sive1 & x has n s great a vogue z ! less co/ly me?ods1 :i* are employ$ = ! illu/ration ( j\rnals or publications t d n rely *iefly ^u ! excell5ce ( _! "w4 ,x is employ$ almo/ exclusively by ,messrs4 ,a4 & ,c4 ,dawson 9 ?is c\ntry1 & x is 9 all ess5tials id5tical ) ! old ,prets* process t fir/ saw ! light ?irty-?ree ye>s ago4 ,acids d n ent] into ! practice ( x at all4 ,! proc$ure is briefly ?us3 ,a good d5se negative is tak5 ( ! draw+ to be reproduc$ to ! size requir$4 ,! glass plate is !n plac$ 9 p]fect contact ) gelat9e s5sitiz$ by an admixture ( bi*romate ( potassium to ! action ( light4 ,plac$ 9 wat]1 ! gelat9e ?us pr9t$ ^u f ! negative1 swells1 except+ ^? portions t h receiv$ ! image ( ! r$uc$ draw+4 ,^! are n[ become sunk51 & =m a suitable matrix = electrotyp+ into4 ,copp] is !n deposit$ by electro-deposition4 ,! copp] sk9 receives a back+ ( type-metal1 & is m\nt$ on wood to ! height ( type1 & ! block1 ready = pr9t+1 is complet$4 ,?is process gives peculi> advantages 9 ! reproduction ( p5-draw+s made ) grey$ or dilut$ inks4 ,! photographic negative reproduces1 ( c\rse1 ! v>y+ int5sities ( su* "w ) ! mo/ absolute accuracy1 & !y are repeat$1 ) sc>cely less fidelity1 by ! gelat9e matrix4 ,p5cil m>ks & p5-draw+s ) a slight admixture ( p5cil come excell5tly well by ?is me?od4 ,e p5-draughtsman :o sket*es f nature kn[s h[1 9 re-draw+ f 8 p5cil sket*es1 ! feel+ & sympa?y ( 8 "w are lo/1 :olly or 9 "p2 b if ! f9i%$ p5-draw+ is made ov] ! orig9al p5cil sket* & ! p5cill+ reta9$1 ! effect is g5]ally a revelation4 ,x is 9 ^! cases t ! swell$ gelat9e process gives ! be/ results4 ,illu/ration3 #d #g4 ,,! ,,hall1 ,,b>n>d',s ,,inn4 ,draw+ 9 pale ,indian ink on ,,hp ,:atman pap]4 ,drawn )\t k ( process & reproduc$ by ! swell$ gelat9e me?od4 ,?is example 7,! ,hall1 ,b>n>d's ,inn7 ( a p5-draw+ n made = reproduction by process 0 made ye>s ago4 ,n[ reproduc$1 x %[s t almo/ ev]y?+ is possible to me*anical reproduction to-day4 ,?is draw+1 work$ ^u ) nev] a ?\ght or idea or k ( process1 comes e :it z well z if x _h be5 drawn scrupul\sly to t end4 ,x is all p5-"w1 save ! outl9e ar\nd x & ! signature1 & !y are 9 black *alk4 ,! r$uction f ! orig9al is only ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* across1 & ! reproduction is 9 e respect exact4 ,( c\rse x is only swell$ gelat9e t c\ld p]=m ?is feat2 b by t process x is cle> t y get results at once sympa!tic & fai?ful1 )\t ! necessity ( c>+ ov]mu* ab\t ! purely me*anical drudg]y ( le>n+ a conv5tion 9 p5 & ink t %all be suitable = ! et*$ processes4 ,t conv5tion has be5 wr\ght--x may n be said by te>s & blood1 b c]ta9ly ) prodigi\s lab\r--by ! ma/]s ( ! art ( p5-draw+ into some?+ arti/ic & pleas+ to ! eye1 :ile x satisfies photographic & *emical ne$s4 ,b "h is a process t dem&s no previ\s tra9+ 9 draw+ = reproduction1 & leaves ! arti/ unfett]$4 ,true1 x op5s a vi/a ( easy reproduction to ! amateur1 :i* is a ?+ t]rible to ?9k ^u2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 to x we owe "s delightful reproductions ( 8pa9t]s'0 p5-draw+s t make ! e>li] numb]s ( ! illu/rat$ exhibition catalogues wor? hav+4 ,illu/ration3 #d #h4 ,a ,,w9d[1 ,,*ep/[ ,,ca/le4 ,draw+ 9 ,cont crayon on r\gh pap]4 ,! album5 process is p]haps ! m widely us$ ( ! ?ree4 ,by x ! va/ majority ( ! blocks us$ 9 j\rnali/ic "w are made4 ,x is cr$ibly report$ t "o firm alone deliv]s annually sixty-?ree ?\s& blocks made by ?is process1 :i* 7x w ?us be se57 is p>ticul>ly suit$ to reproduction ( ! mo/ in/ant & /raight-away nature4 ,x is also ! *eape/ me?od ( reproduction1 :i* goes f> t[>d expla9+ t gigantic output j quot$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! album5 process 9 ! h&s ( an arti/ 9 reproduction 7z1 = in/ance1 ,m4 ,*efdeville7 is capable ( ! mo/ sympa!tic results4 ,x gives a s(t]1 m velvety l9e ?an "o w\ld ?9k possible1 a l9e ( a diff]5t "* entirely f ! cle>1 cold1 %>p1 & =mal l9e *>act]i/ic ( processes 9 :i* bitum5 is us$4 ,^! two me?ods 7album5 & bitum57 are incapable ( reproduc+ sc>cely any?+ 9 fac-simile b pure l9e-"w2 p5cil m>ks or grey$ ink are ei!r omitt$ or exagg]at$ to extremity1 & !y c only be correct$ by ! subsequ5t use ( ! grav] ^u ! block4 ,b black *alk or ,cont crayon us$ ^u slightly granulat$ draw+-pap]s1 ei!r by !mselves or mix$ ) p5-"w1 come readily en\gh & help greatly to re9=ce a sket*4 ,?is sket* ( ,a ,w9d[1 ,*ep/[ ,ca/le1 0 made ) a ,cont crayon4 ,un=tunately1 ^! mat]ials sme> v easily1 & h to be fix$ be=e !y c be tru/$ to ! photo-engrav] ) p]fect safety4 ,draw+s made 9 ?is way may be fix$ ) a solution compos$ ( gum ma/ic & me?ylat$ spirits ( w9e3 "o "p ( ! =m] to sev5 p>ts ( ! latt]4 ,?is fix+ solution is be/ appli$ ) a spray app>atus1 z sold by *emi/s4 ,b bett] ?an crayons1 *alks1 or *>coals are ! li?ographic *alks n[ com+ some:at into vogue4 ,!y h ! "o ine/imable advantage ( fixity1 & _c be readily sme>$1 ev5 ) int5t4 ,!y are n fit = use ^u smoo? ,bri/ol-bo>d or glaz$ pap]1 b f9d _! be/ m$iums 9 ,,hp & 8n0 makes ( draw+-pap]1 & 9 ! gra9$ 8scrat*-out0 c>dbo>ds1 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 ,!y give great] dep? ( col\r ?an lead p5cil1 & reproduce m surely2 & ! draw+s work$ up ) !m readily /& z mu* r$uction z an ord9>y p5-draw+4 ,! ,no4 #a ,lem]ci] is ! be/ v>iety ( li?ographic *alks = ?is admixture2 x is h>d] ?an o!rs1 & c be bett] %>p5$ to a f9e po9t4 ,= detail x is to be us$ v sp>+ly or n at all1 because x is incapable ( produc+ a delicate l9e2 b = giv+ =ce1 = in/ance1 to a draw+ ( crumbl+ walls1 or to an impressioni/ sket* ( l&scape1 x is invaluable4 ,! effects produc$ by work+ ) a ,no4 #a ,lem]ci] li?o-*alk are %[n "h4 ,! fir/ example 0 drawn ^u ,:atman's 8n0 pap]1 :i* gives a f9e1 bold granulation4 ,! two rema9+ examples are f sket*es on ,allong pap]1 a f9e-gra9$ *>coal pap] ( ,fr5* make4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,:atman',s 8,,n0 ,,pap] 7#f #d74 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,allong ,,pap]1 ,,"r ,,side 7#f #d74 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,! ,,draw+ 7#d #b7 ,,on ,,allong ,,pap] 7,,"r ,,side74 ,x is also wor? kn[+ t a good gra9$ draw+ may be made ) li?o-*alk1 by tak+ a piece ( dull-surfac$ pap]1 l ! k9d g5]ally us$ = type-writ+ purposes1 p9n+ x tightly ^u glass- or s&-pap] & !n work+ ^u x1 keep+ x always 9 contact ) ! r\gh s&-pap] und]nea?4 ,a canvas-gra9 may be obta9$ by us+ ! cov] ( a canvas-b\nd book 9 ! same way4 ,bo? ! album5 & ! bitum5 processes are practis$ ) ! aid ( acids ^u z9c4 ,9 ! fir/ nam$ ! z9c plate is coat$ ) a gr\nd compos$ ( a solution ( :ite ( egg & bi*romate ( ammonia1 soluble 9 cold wat]4 ,a rev]s$ photographic negative is tak5 ( ! draw+ & plac$ 9 contact ) ! prep>$ z9c plate 9 a specially con/ruct$ pr9t+-frame4 ,:5 ! draw+ is suffici5tly pr9t$ ^u ?is album5 surface1 ! plate is roll$ ov] ) a roll] *>g$ ) pr9t+-ink ?9n$ d[n ) turp5t9e1 & !n1 :5 ?is ink+ has be5 complet$1 ! plate is c>efully rubb$ 9 cold wat] until ! ink$ album5 has be5 rubb$ (f x1 except+ ^? p>ts :]e ! draw+ appe>s4 ,! l9es compos+ ! draw+ rema9 fix$ ^u ! plate1 ! peculi> prop]ty ( ! s5sitiz$ album5 r5d]+ ! l9es t h be5 expos$ to ! action ( light insoluble4 ,! z9c plate is !n dri$ & spong$ ) gum2 dri$ aga91 & !n ! coat+ ( gum wa%$ (f1 & !n ink$ aga94 ,! plate1 n[ ?or\ghly prep>$1 is plac$ 9 ! fir/ et*+ ba?1 a rock+ vessel fill$ ) mu*-dilut$ nitric acid4 ,!re are g5]ally ?ree et*+s p]=m$ ^u a z9c block1 ea* successive ba? be+ ( progressively /rong] acid2 & betwe5 ^! ba?s ! plate is gumm$1 & p[d]$ ) res91 & w>m$ ov] a gas flame until ! pr9t+-ink & ! half-melt$ res9 run d[n ! sides ( ! l9es already p>tly et*$2 ! object ( ^! c>eful /ages be+ to prev5t :at is te*nically t]m$ 8"u-et*+0--t is to say1 ! production ( a relief l9e1 ^: section w\ld be ?us3 ,upside d[n triangle in/ead ( ,t5t %ape1 op5 bottom4 ,! result 9 ! pr9t+ ( an "u-et*$ block w\ld be t ! l9es w\ld ei!r break or we> d[n to no?+ness1 :]eas a block %[+ ! second section w\ld gr[ /rong] & ! old l9es ?ick] ) prolong$ use4 ,! section ( a wood engrav+ is accord+ to ?is second diagram4 ,9 ! case ( ! bitum5 process1 ! photograph is tak5 z be=e1 ! negative plac$ ^u ! z9c plate 9 ! same way1 & ! image pr9t$ ^u ! bitum54 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ! plate is flood$ ) turp5t9e1 & all ! bitum5 dissolv$ away1 ) ! exception ( t ^u ! image4 ,! subsequ5t proce$+s are z 9 ! case ( ! album5 process1 & ne$ n be rec\nt$4 ,x w be se5 7if ?is outl9e c be foll[$7 t ! bitum5 process diff]s f ! album5 only 9 ! composition ( ! gr\nd 7z an et*] w\ld t]m x71 b ! quality ( l9e is v diff]5t4 ,! z9c plates us$ are cut f poli%$ %eets ( ! metal1 f "o-sixte5? to "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,a well-et*$ block %\ld feel %>p yet smoo? to ! ?umb & f+]s1 z if x 7 cut4 ,a badly et*$ or ov]-et*$ block has an altoge!r diff]5t feel3 scrat*y1 & repulsive to ! t\*4 ,frequ5tly x happ5s t by c>elessness or mis*ance ! process-man w ov]-et* a block2 t is to say1 he w all[ x to rema9 9 ! acid-ba? a m9ute or s too long1 s t ! up/&+ l9es become p>tly eat5 away by ! fluid4 ,! result1 :5 pr9t$1 is a wret*$ gho/ ( ! orig9al draw+4 ,an ov]-et*$ block1 or a good block 9 :i* ! l9es appe> too ?9 & ! reproduction 9 consequ5ce weak1 c be rem$i$ 9 degree by be+ rubb$ d[n ) oil/one4 ,?is1 if ! l9es are n "u-et*$1 ?ick5s ! up/&+ metal & produces a heavi] pr9t4 ,b "s ( ! small] process firms h an +5i\s1 if none too hone/1 practice ( pull+ a pro( f ! unet*$ plate1 & s5d+ x along ) ! defective block4 ,?is c readily be done by ink+ up ! image ) a roll] be=e pr9t+1 & !n pass+ ! ?9 plate ( metal ?r\gh a li?ographic press1 or ?r\gh a transf] press1 su* z is to be f\nd 9 e process e/abli%m5t4 ,( c\rse ! pr9t ?us secur$ is a p]fect replica 9 little ( ! orig9al draw+1 & looks em95tly satisfactory4 ,"o c g5]ally id5tify ^! pro(s be=e et*+ by _! backs1 :i* h1 ( c\rse1 n ! slighte/ m>ks ( ! pressure usually to be disc]n$ ^u ev5 ! mo/ c>efully prep>$ pro(s ( f9i%$ blocks4 ,! surface ( a z9c block sometimes becomes oxidiz$ by ! acid us$ 9 et*+ n hav+ be5 ?or\ghly wa%$ (f4 ,?is may occur at once if ! acid is /rong1 & !n x g5]ally happ5s t ! block is irretrievably ru9$2 b if oxidation occurs aft] "s "t1 x is g5]ally sup]ficial1 & c be rubb$ d[n4 ,! process ( oxidation beg9s ) an effloresc5ce1 :i* may be be/ rubb$ d[n ) a ?ick /ick ( *>coal1 brok5 across ! gra94 ,b z9c blocks are frequ5tly ru9$ by c>elessness 9 ! pr9t+-(fice aft] pr9t+4 ,:5 ! pr9t+ has be5 done x is cu/om>y to clean type & blocks f ! pr9t+-ink by scrubb+ !m ) a bru% dipp$ 9 :at pr9t]s call 8lye0--t is1 a solution ( pe>l-a%--:i*1 al?\gh x does n injure ! lead5 types1 is apt to corrode ! z9c ( :i* mo/ process blocks are made1 if !y are n c>efully & imm$iately wa%$ 9 wat] & dri$4 ,a block ) its surface de/roy$ 9 ?is mann] pr9ts mis]ably1 ) a fuzzy appe>ance4 ,! easie/ way ( protect+ blocks f becom+ oxidiz$ is to all[ ! pr9t+-ink to rema9 on !m1 or if y h none1 rub !m ov] ) tall[4 ,illu/ration3 #ab #i4 ,,bolt ,,head3 ,a ,,mi/y ,,day4 ,p5 & p5cil draw+1 reproduc$ by ! bitum5 process4 ,illu/ration3 #ab #i4 ,,bolt ,,head3 ,a ,,mi/y ,,day4 ,p5 & p5cil draw+1 reproduc$ by ! swell$ gelat9e process4 ,examples w n[ be %[n ( ! v>y+ results obta9able f ! same draw+s by diff]5t processes4 ,! draw+ repres5t+ a ,mi/y ,day at ,bolt ,head 0 made ^u common r\gh pap]1 su* z is usually f\nd 9 sailors' log-books2 9 fact1 x 0 a log-book ! pres5t writ] us$ dur+ ! great] "p ( a t\r 9 ,devon1 no?+ else be+ obta9able 9 ^? p>ts save ! clo?-b\nd1 gold-lett]$ sket*-books ^: port]age convicts "o at once ( amateuri%ness4 ,& "h let me say t a sailor's log-book1 ?\gh decid$ly an unconv5tional m$ium = sket*+ 91 seems to be entirely admirable4 ,! pap] takes p5cil excell5tly well1 & ! fa9t blue p>allel l9es ) :i* ! pages are rul$ ne$ bo!r no "o2 !y w n 7be+ blue7 reproduce4 ,to save ! fre%ness ( ! impression1 ! sket* 0 lightly f9i%$ 9 ink1 & s5t = reproduction unclean$4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! result4 ,x is an example ( ! bitum5 process1 ^: orig9al s9 ( exagg]at+ all ! p5cil m>ks :i* x has be5 good en\gh to reproduce at all is p>tly cloak$ by ! int]v5tion ( h&-"w all ov] ! block4 ,y c see h[ cont9ually ! grav] has be5 put ?r\gh ! l9es to produce a greyness1 yet h[ unsatisfactory ! result6 ,! draw+ 0 n[ s5t = reproduction by ! swell$ gelat9e process4 ,! result is a mu* m satisfactory block4 ,ev]y?+ t ! orig9al conta9$ has be5 reproduc$4 ,! sull5 blacknesses ( ! p9nacl$ rocks are no?+ ext5uat$1 z !y 7 9 ! fir/ example1 :]e !y seem comp>atively insignificant1 & ! te*nical qualities ( p5 & p5cil are reta9$ ?r\gh\t1 & c readily be id5tifi$4 ,! same rem>ks apply ev5 m /rongly to ! small blocks f ! ,note at ,gorran4 ,illu/ration3 ,p5 & p5cil draw+1 reproduc$ by bitum5 process4 ,illu/ration3 #ac #i4 ,a ,,note ,,at ,,gorran4 ,p5 & p5cil draw+1 reproduc$ by swell$ gelat9e process4 ,b su* a pure p5-draw+ z t ( ,*>lwood1 %[n "h 9 blocks by 7#a7 ,messrs4 ,dawson's swell$ gelat9e process1 & 7#b7 by ,mr4 ,*efdeville's sympa!tic h&l+ ( ! album5 process1 w\ld h come almo/ equally well by bitum51 or by an ord9>y practition]'s treatm5t ( album54 ,x (f]$ no te*nical difficulties1 & !re is exce$+ly little to *oose betwe5 ^! two blocks4 ,c>eful exam9ation w\ld %[ t a v slight ?ick5+ ( l9e _h tak5 place ?r\gh\t ! block by ! gelat9e me?od1 & ?is mu/ ev] be ! di/+ui%+ diff]5ce betwe5 t process & ^? 9 :i* acids are us$ to eat away ! metal ( ! block--t ! gelat9e r5d]s at its be/ e jot & tittle ( a draw+1 & w\ld by ! nature ( ! process r exagg]ate ?an dim9i%2 & t 9 ^? processes 9 :i* acids play a "p1 ! process-man mu/ be ev] wat*ful le/ 8 z9c plate be 8ov]-et*$0--le/ ! up/&+ metal l9es be eat5 away to a scrat*y trave/y ( ! orig9al draw+4 ,b y w see t al?\gh ! l9es 9 ! swell$ gelat9e ,*>lwood are appreciably ?ick] ?an 9 its album5 fell[1 yet ! latt] pr9ts d>k]4 ,! explanation is 9 ! metals ( :i* ! two blocks are compos$4 ,z9c pr9ts m heavily ?an copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,p5-draw+ reproduc$ by swell$ gelat9e process4 ,illu/ration3 #h #f4 ,p5-draw+ reproduc$ by ,*efdeville4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t1 to-day1 h&-"w ^u process-blocks is become v usual4 ,to p>aphrase a well-worn political cat*-phrase1 ! old me?ods h be5 call$ 9 to r$ress ! vag>ies ( ! new3 ! grav] has be5 reta9$ to correct ! crudities ( ! rock+-ba?4 ,to be less cryptic1 ! grav] is us$ n[adays to tone d[n ! h>% & ragg$ edges ( ! et*$ z9c4 ,"h is an illu/ration t w convey ! idea to p]fection4 ,"h is1 9 ?is ,view f ! ,t[] ,bridge ,works1 a z9cographic block1 gr\nd$ ) bitum5 & et*$ by ! aid ( acids4 ,! orig9al draw+ 0 made ^u ,bri/ol-bo>d1 ) ,/eph5s' ebony /a91 & an ,f nib ( ,mit*ell's make4 ,! size ( t draw+ 0 twelve & a half in*es across2 ! sky drawn 9 ) mu* elaboration4 ,a fir/ pro( %[$ a sky h>% & want+ 9 arial p]spective4 ,a grav] 0 put ?r\gh x1 cutt+ up ! l9es into dots1 & ?us putt+ ! sky into prop] relation ) ! re/ ( ! picture4 ,ano!r int]e/+ & sugge/ive comp>ison is betwe5 photogravure1 or heliogravure1 z x is sometimes call$1 & type-pr9t+ processes = ! reproduction ( l9e4 ,! frontispiece to ?is volume is a heliogravure plate by ,duj>d91 ( ,p>is1 f a p5-draw+ t (f]$ no ob/acles to adequate reproduction by ! bitum5 process4 ,9 fact1 y see x "h1 reproduc$ 9 t way1 & ( ! same size4 ,! copp] intaglio plate is 9 e way sup]ior to ! relief block1 z might h be5 expect$4 ,! h>dness ( ! latt] me?od gives way1 9 ! heliogravure plate1 to a delightful s(tness1 ev5 :5 ! plate is clean-wip$ & pr9t$ 9 z bald & artless a fa%ion z a tradesman's bus9ess c>d2 b n[ x is pr9t$ ) c>e & ) ! retr\ssage t is g5]ally ! me$ ( ! et*+1 y c\ld n h di/+ui%$ x f an et*+ _h y n be5 told its hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 #ab #i4 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,t[] ,,bridge ,,works4 ,bitum5 process4 ,illu/ration3 #ab #i4 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,t[] ,,bridge ,,works4 ,bitum5 process4 ,sky revis$ by h&-"w4 ,! proc$ure 9 mak+ a heliogravure is 9 ?is wise3--,a copp] plate1 simil> to ! k9d us$ by et*]s1 receives a gr\nd ( bi*romatiz$ bitum54 ,a photograph is tak5 ( ! draw+ to be reproduc$1 & f ! negative ?us obta9$ a positive is made4 ,! positive1 9 rev]se1 is plac$ ^u ! gr\nd$ plate & pr9t$ ^u x4 ,! bitum5 :i* has be5 pr9t$ ^u by ! action ( light is ?us r5d]$ :olly insoluble1 & ! image ( ! draw+ rema9s ! only soluble portion ( ! gr\nd4 ,! plate is !n treat$ ) turp5t9e1 & ! soluble l9es ?us dissolv$4 ,foll[s !n ! ord9>y et*+ proc$ure4 ,?is is a m simple & ready process ?an ! mak+ ( a relief block4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m exp5sive to commission1 b !n exp5se nev] is any crit]ion ( orig9al co/4 ,! pr9t+1 ?\gh1 is a heavy item1 because1 equally ) et*+s or mezzot9ts1 x mu/ be pr9t$ ^u a copp]-plate press1 & ?is involves ! clean+ & ! re-ink+ ( ! plate ) e impression4 ,! subject :i* ! pres5t plate be>s does n %[ ! utmo/ capabilities ( ! heliogravure4 ,x 0 *os5 z a fair example to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 two me?ods )\t /ra9+ ! limitations ( ! relief block4 ,b if ! draw+ _h be5 mo/ c>efully graduat$ 9 int5sity f ! deepe/ black to ! pale/ br[n1 ! copp] plate w\ld h %[n ev]y?+ ) p]fect ease4 ,l>ge editions ( ^! plates are n to be pr9t$ )\t injury1 because ! con/ant wip+ ( ! s(t copp] we>s d[n ! surface4 ,b to obviate ?is defect a process ( aci]age has be5 inv5t$1 by :i* a coat+ ( iron is electrically deposit$ ^u ! surface ( ! plate1 r5d]+ x1 practically1 z durable z a /eel engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 #aa #g4 ,,k5s+ton ,,palace4 ,bitum5 process4 ,x is by exp]im5ts we le>n to a*ieve di/9ction2 by imm$iate failure t we rise to ultimate success2 & (ttimes by pure *ance t we discov] 9 ^! days "s new trick ( me?od by :i* process %all d = ! illu/rator some?+ x has n done be=e4 ,!re is /ill1 no d\bt1 9 ! memory ( _m1 t mu/y anecdote ( ! pa9t] :o1 fumbl+ ov] ! prop] r5d]+ ( foam1 appli$ by "s accid5t a sponge to ! wet pa9t1 & lo6 !re1 by happy *ance1 0 ! foam :i* _h be=e be5 l no?+ s mu* z wool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,snodgrass ,,f>m4 ,f a draw+ by ,h>ry ,f5n4 ,an example ( splatt]-"w4 ,9 ! same way1 ,i suppose1 "s draughtsman discov]$ splatt]-"w4 ,he may readily be imag9$1 prior to ?is lucky *ance1 pa9fully /ippl+ little dots ) 8 p52 p9-po9ts ( ink /ilt$ & =mal 9 effect :5 comp>$ ) ! peculi>ly in=mal conc\rse ( spots produc$ by tak+ a small1 /iff-bri/l$ bru% 7say a too?bru%71 ink+ x1 & !n1 hold+ ! bri/les d[nw>ds & incl9+ t[>d ! draw+1 m or less vigor\sly /rok+ ! inky bri/les t[>ds "o ) a mat*-/ick4 ,hold+ ! bru% ?us1 & /rok+ x 9 ?is way1 ! bri/les s5d a %[] ( ink spots ^u ! draw+4 ,( c\rse ?is trick requires an ext5d$ practice be=e x c be p]=m$ 9 workmanlike fa%ion1 & ev5 !n ! p>ts n requir$ to be splatt]$ h to be c>efully cov]$ ) cut-pap] masks4 ,mem4--,to use a fix$ ink = draw+s on :i* y int5d to splatt]1 because x is extremely probable t y w require to pa9t "s portions out ) ,*9ese :ite1 & ,*9ese :ite ^u any inks t are n fix$ is ! despair ( ! draughtsman4 ,"h is an excell5t example ( splatt]4 ,x is by t res\rceful ,am]ican draughtsman1 ,h>ry ,f5n4 ,inde$1 ! greate/ expon5ts ( ?is me?od are ,am]icans3 few m5 9 ?is c\ntry h r5d]$ x ) any frequ5cy1 or ) mu* advantage4 ,i h essay$ its use to aid ?is sunset view ( ,black ,rock1 & to me x seems to come well4 ,b ! f9] spots are v difficult ( reproduction2 "s are lo/ "h4 ,!re is a mo/ +5i\s contrivance1 an ,am]ican notion1 ,i believe1 = ! bett] application ( splatt]4 ,x is call$ ! air-bru%1 & x consi/s ( a tube fill$ ) ink1 & fitt$ ) a description ( nozzle ?r\gh :i* ! ink is project$ on to pap] by a pneumatic arrangem5t work$ by ! arti/ by means ( a treadle4 ,y aim ! affair at y\r draw+1 "w y\r treadle1 & ! trick is done4 ,! splatt] is rem>kably f9e & equable1 & its int5sity c be regulat$ by ! di/ance at :i* ! nozzle is held f ! draw+4 ,! great] advantage1 h[ev]1 9 ! use ( ! air-bru% w\ld seem to lie ) ! li?ographic draughtsm51 :o h to cov] imm5se areas ( "w4 ,illu/ration3 #f #h4 ,,sunset1 ,,black ,,rock4 ,splatt]-"w4 ,"h foll[s an exp]im5t ) dilut$ inks3 ! draw+ made ^u ,,hp ,:atman ) all mann] ( nibs4 ,x is all p5-"w1 work$ ) black /a91 & ) writ+ ink wat]$ d[n to diff]5t values4 ,?is is an attempt to r5d] z tru?fully z possible 7& z unconv5tionally7 ! sunset %9e & %ad[ ( a lonely %ore1 bl[n ^u ) ! wild w9ds ( ! ,*annel4 ,a little /ream1 ov]gr[n ) b5ts & wav+ ru%es1 fl[s betwe5 a break 9 ! l[ cliffs & loses itself 9 ! s&s4 ,! sun sets beh9d ! ru9$ h\se1 & betwe5 x & ! =egr\nd is a clump ( /orm-b5t trees1 con/ra9$ to _! uneasy inw>d pose n by pres5t breezes1 b to ?is %r9k+ habit ( gr[? by long-cont9u$ /ress ( wea!r4 ,! block is by ,gillot1 ( ,p>is1 :o 0 ask$ to get ! appe>ance ( ! orig9al draw+ 9 a l9e-block4 ,?is he has n altoge!r succe$$ 9 do+3 p]haps x 0 impossible2 b ! feel+ is "h4 ,x is a l9e-block1 r\lett$ all ov] 9 ! attempt to get ! effect produc$ by wat]$ inks4 ,! r\lettes1 by :i* ^! greynesses are produc$1 are peculi> in/rum5ts1 consi/+ ( inf9itesimal :eels ( h>d /eel ^: edges are fa%ion$ into microscopically small po9ts or facets4 ,m\nt$ at ! end ( a /ick m ne>ly resembl+ a p5hold] ?an any?+ else1 ! :eel is driv5 along 7& into7 ! surface ( ! metal by pressure1 mak+ small ind5tations 9 x4 ,!re are v>ieties ( r\lettes1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m ly+ 9 ! patt]ns ( ! projections f ! :eel4 ,! v>ieties 9 ! texture ( r\lett+ se5 9 ?is pr9t are ?us expla9$4 ,illu/ration3 #aj #f4 ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,dilut$ ,,inks1 ,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,gillot4 ,block t\*$ up by h& & freely r\lett$4 ,n[ come "s exp]im5ts 9 mixtures4 ,! mix$ draw+ has _m possibilities ( arti/ic expression1 & "h are "s essays 9 mixtures1 h>ness$ to t5tative employm5ts ( process4 ,fir/ is ?is exp]im5t 9 p5 & p5cil reproduc$ 9 half-tone4 ,x is a view ( ,*ep/[ ,ca/le--t really picturesque old bord] =tress--f across ! riv] ,wye1 a riv] t comes ru%+ d[n f ! upl&s ) an impetu\s curr5t full ( swirls & eddies4 ,! t[n ( ,*ep/[ lies at ! back1 repres5t$ 9 ?is draw+ only by its lights4 ,! huts & %$s t /raggle d[n to ! wat]side1 & ! rott+ pi]1 :]e small vessels load & unload insignificant c>goes1 are commonplace en\gh1 b !y g to make a f9e composition2 & ! la/ sunbur/ 9 ! ev5+ sky1 ! />s already brilliant1 & ! :ite gleams f ! hurry+ riv]1 are imm5sely valuable1 & ?+s ( joy to ! practition] 9 black & :ite4 ,ra9 _h fall5 dur+ ! day1 &1 :5 ! pres5t writ] sat d[n to sket*1 /ill l5t a f9e imp5d+ juicy air to ! sc5e t seem$ incapable ( adequate translation into pure l9e2 !re=e1 ^u ! p5cil sket* 0 add$ p5-"w1 & to t m p5cil1 &1 :5 f9i%$1 ! draw+ 0 s5t to be process$1 ) special in/ructions t ! :ite spaces 9 ! sky %\ld be pres]v$1 toge!r ) ^? on ! build+s1 b t all else might acquire ! light grey t9t :i* ! half-tone always gives1 z ( a draw+ made ^u pap] ( a silv]y grey4 ,9 ! result y c see ?is purely arbitr>y1 b delightful1 gr\nd t9t ev]y:]e2 x gives absolutely ! appe>ance ( a draw+ made ^u t9t$ c>dbo>d1 b1 truly1 ! only pap] employ$ 0 a common1 r\gh make1 t w\ld be despis$ ( ! lordly amateur4 ,"h y see ! half-tone process on its be/ behavi\r1 & ,i ?9k x has secur$ a v notable result4 ,illu/ration3 #aa #h4 ,,*ep/[ ,,ca/le4 ,draw+ 9 p5 & ink & p5cil made on r\gh pap]4 ,reproduc$ by half-tone process4 ,"h is ano!r exp]im5t1 ,clif=d's ,inn3 a ,foggy ,night--a mixture ( p5 & ink & crayon work$ ^u ) a /ump1 & !n lightly bru%$ ov] ) a damp1 n a full1 bru%2 ! lights 9 ! w9d[s & ! reflections tak5 out ) ! po9t ( an eras]4 ,x %\ld be said t 9 draw+ ?us = half-tone reproduction ! draw+ %\ld be made mu* m emphatic ?an ! pr9t is int5d$ to appe>2 t is to say1 ! deepe/ %ad[s %\ld be giv5 an additional dep?1 & ! fa9t] %ad+ %\ld be a %ade light] ?an y w\ld give to a draw+ n made ) a view to publication4 ,if ^! po9ts are n borne 9 m9d1 ! result is apt to be flat & featureless4 ,if a half-tone block exhibits ^! disagreeable peculi>ities1 high lights c always be creat$ by ! aid ( a *isel us$ ^u ! metal surface ( ! block4 ,! m important process firms g5]ally employ a /aff ( compet5t engrav]s1 :o1 n[ t wood engrav+ is less widely us$1 h turn$ _! att5tion to j ?is k9d ( "w--! correct+ ( process-blocks4 ,! arti/ has b to m>k 8 pro( ) ! corrections & alt]ations he requires4 ,! two illu/rations %[n on page #fh1 f diff]5t /ates ( ! same block1 give a notion ( correct+ ! flatness ( half-tone4 ,! second block %[s a good deal ( ret\*+ 9 ! lights tak5 out ^u ! pap] & ! jug1 & 9 ! hat*+ ^u ! dr9k+-horn4 ,illu/ration3 #i #f4 ,,clif=d',s ,,inn3 ,a ,,foggy ,,night4 ,drawn 9 p5 & ink & crayon1 & bru%$ ov]4 ,reproduc$ by half-tone process1 m$ium gra94 ,half-tone processes are practis$ 9 mu* ! same way z ! album5 & bitum5 l9e me?ods already describ$1 9 s f> z t !y are work$ ) acids & ^u z9c or copp]4 ,at fir/ ^! half-tone blocks 7 made 9 z9c1 b rec5tly "s reproductive firms h pref]r$ to use copp]4 ,messrs4 ,wat]l[ & ,sons1 9 ?is c\ntry1 g5]ally employ copp] = half-tone blocks f draw+s or photographs4 ,copp] pr9ts a s(t] & m sympa!tic l9e1 & does n accumulate dirt s readily z z9c4 ,all ! half-tone blocks 9 ?is volume are 9 copp]4 ,by ^! processes ! photographs t "o sees reproduc$ direct f nature appe> 9 pr9t )\t ! aid ( ! arti/4 ,!y are (t5 ref]r$ to z ! ,meis5ba* process1 because ! ,meis5ba* ,company 0 among/ ! fir/ to use ^! me?ods 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce 9 _! work+ is t !re is a rul$ scre5 ( glass int]pos$ betwe5 ! draw+ or object to be photograph$ & ! negative4 ,g5]ally a scre5 ( glass is closely rul$ ) l9es cross+ at "r angles1 & et*$ ) hydr(luoric acid4 ,into ! grooves ?us produc$1 pr9t+-ink is rubb$4 ,! result is a close network ( black l9es ^u glass4 ,?is scre51 int]pos$ betwe5 ! s5sitiz$ plate 9 ! cam]a & ! object to be photograph$1 produces ^u ! negative ! criss-cross appe>ance we see 9 ! ultimate picture4 ,9 ! half-tone reproductions by ,ang]] & ,gs*l1 ( ,vi5na1 ?is appe>ance is s+ul>ly v>i$4 ,! scre5 us$ by !m is said to be made f :ite silk ( ! gauzie/ description1 hung be=e a wall cov]$ ) black velvet 9 su* a mann] t ! blackness ( ! velvet c be se5 & photograph$ ?r\gh ! silk5 film4 ,a negative is made1 & f x a positive is produc$1 :i* exhibits a curi\sly v>i$ arrangem5t ( dots & me%es4 ,! positive is us$ 9 ! same way z ! rul$-glass scre5s4 ,illu/ration3 #f #f4 ,,p5cil ,,& ,,p5 ,,& ,,ink ,,draw+ ,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,half-,,tone ,,process4 ,! network *>act]i/ic ( half-tone relief blocks c be made f9e1 or m$ium1 or co>se1 z requir$4 ,! f9e-gra9$ blocks are us$ = c>eful book & magaz9e pr9t+1 & ! m$ium-gra9$ = pr9t+ 9 ! bett] illu/rat$ weeklies2 ! co>se-gra9$ are us$ = r\gh] pr9t+1 b /ill are ne>ly always too f9e = newspap] "w4 ,! ,daily ,graphic1 h[ev]1 has solv$ ! problem ( pr9t+ !m suffici5tly well = ! picture to be disc]n$4 ,beyond ?is ! rot>y /eam-pr9t+ press has n yet advanc$4 ,9 appe>ance some:at simil> to a half-tone block1 b ) ! t9t diff]5tly appli$1 is ! illu/ration ( ,! ,village ,/reet1 ,t9t]n3 ,night4 ,"h is a pure p5-draw+1 scrat*$ & scribbl$ to blackness )\t mu* c>e = f9esse1 ! great r$uction & ! t9t be+ reckon$ ^u to assuage all angul>ities4 ,! orig9al draw+ 0 !n lightly scribbl$ ov] ) blue p5cil to indicate to ! process-man t a me*anical t9t 0 requir$ to be appli$ ^u ! block1 & ^w 0 specially s5t t ! t9t 0 to be squ>ely cut1 n vignett$4 ,! result seems happy4 ,?is is a l9e block1 n tone4 ,illu/ration3 #aa #i4 ,,! ,,village ,,/reet1 ,,t9t]n4 ,,night4 ,application ( %ad+ m$ium4 ,9 su* a case ! proc$ure is normal until ! image is pr9t$ ^u ! s5sitiz$ gr\nd ( ! z9c plate4 ,!n ! prescrib$ t9t is transf]r$ by pressure ( ?umb & f+]s1 or by means ( a burni%]1 f an engrav$ %eet ( gelat9e previ\sly ink$ ) a pr9t+ roll]4 ,! z9c plate is !n et*$ 9 ! famili> way4 ,illu/ration3 #aa #h4 ,,leebotwood4 ,%[+ application ( %ad+ m$ium to treatm5t ( sky4 ,^! t9ts are produc$ by ,day's %ad+ m$iums2 ?9 %eets ( gelat9e engrav$ ^u "o side ) l9es or ) a patt]n ( /ipple4 ,!re are v _m ( ^! patt]ns4 ,!y c readily be appli$1 & ) ! greate/ accuracy1 because ! gelat9e is semi-transp>5t1 & admits ( ! op]ator see+ :at he is ab\t4 ,^! me*anical t9ts are capable ( exquisite application1 b !y h be5 m frequ5tly reg>d$ z lab\r-sav+ appliances1 & h r>ely be5 us$ ) skill1 & s h come to be> an altoge!r unm]it$ /igma4 ,!y c be us$ by a clev] process-man1 "u ! directions ( ! draughtsman1 ) great effect1 & 9 rem>kably div]se ways4 ,= x is n at all necess>y t ! t9t %\ld come all ov] ! block4 ,x c be work$ 9 mo/ intricately4 ,! illu/ration1 ,leebotwood1 %[s an application ( %ad+ m$ium to ! sky4 ,! proprietors 7= x is a pat5t7 ( ^! devices h endeav\r$ to introduce _! use among/ arti/s1 ) a view to _! work+ ! m$iums ^u ! draw+s !mselves4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! v>ieties ( %ad+ to be obta9$ by %ift+ & transpos+ ! gelat9e plates is illimitable1 b z _! use involves e/abli%+ a pr9t+ roll] & pr9t]'s ink 9 "o's /udio1 & z all arti/s are n pr9t]s born1 x does n seem at all likely t ,day's %ad+ m$iums w be us$ outside li?ographic (fices or ! (fices ( reproductive firms4 ,"h are app5d$ "s examples ( ! %ad+ m$iums commonly us$4 ,! co/ ( reproduction by process v>ies v greatly4 ,x is always calculat$ at s mu* ! squ>e in*1 ) a m9imum *>ge rang+1 = l9e-"w1 f two-&-sixp5ce to five %ill+s4 ,= half-tone ! m9imum may be put at f t5 %ill+s to sixte5 %ill+s4 ,pla9 l9e blocks1 by ! bitum5 or album5 processes1 co/ f twop5ce-halfp5ny to sixp5ce p] squ>e in*1 & h&work ^u ! block is *>g$ extra4 ,"s firms make a *>ge ( "o p5ny p] squ>e in* = ! application ( ,day's %ad+ m$iums4 ,l9e blocks by ! swell$ gelat9e process are *>g$ at "o %ill+ p] squ>e in*1 & reproductions ( p5cil or crayon "w at "o-&-?reep5ce4 ,half-tone blocks f objects1 photographs1 or draw+s range f eightp5ce to "o-&-sixp5ce p] squ>e in*1 & ! co/ ( a photogravure plate may be put at two-&-sixp5ce = ! same unit4 ,! be/ "w 9 any photographic process is inf9itely less co/ly ?an wood engrav+1 :i*1 al?\gh its co/ is n g5]ally calculat$ on ! basis ( ! in*1 z 9 all process "w1 may range approximately f ?ree %ill+s to five %ill+s = engrav+ ( av]age m]it4 ,illu/ration3 ,,examples ,,( ,,day',s ,,%ad+ ,,m$iums4 ,illu/ration3 ,,examples ,,( ,,day',s ,,%ad+ ,,m$ium4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur*y>d ,,cross1 ,,raglan4 ,application ( %ad+ m$ium4 ,electrotype copies ( l9e blocks co/ f ?ree-f>?+s to ?ree-halfp5ce p] squ>e in*1 & f half-tone blocks1 twop5ce1 al?\gh x is n advisable to h electrotypes tak5 ( ^! f9e & delicate blocks4 ,if duplicates are want$ ( half-tones1 ! usual practice is to h two orig9al blocks made1 ! process-engrav] *>g+ = ! second block half ! price ( ! fir/4 ,,pap]4 ,! process engrav] w tell y1 if y seek c\nsel ( him1 t y %\ld use ,bri/ol-bo>d1 & ( t only ! smoo!/ & mo/ highly f9i%$ v>ieties4 ,b1 h[ev] easy x may r5d] 8 "w ( reproduction1 !re is no necessity = y to draw ^u c>dbo>d or smoo?-surfac$ pap] at all4 ,pap] ( a reasonable :it5ess is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to any process ( l9e engrav+ :i* has photography z a basis1 b to say t /iff c>dbo>ds or pap]s ( a blue-:ite1 z oppos$ to ! cream-laid v>iety1 are necess>y is m]ely to obscure :at is1 aft] all1 a simple matt]4 ,bri/ol-bo>d is c]ta9ly a v fav\rite mat]ial1 & ! v>ieties ( c>dbo>ds sold "u t "n are num]\s en\gh to please anybody4 ,goodall's sell z reliable a make z c be readily f\nd4 ,x is :ite en\gh to please ! photo-engrav]1 & ( a smoo?1 h>d surface2 & a h>d surface y mu/ h = p5-"w4 ,b x is an unsympa!tic mat]ial1 & x is an appreciably m difficult matt] to make a p5cil sket* ^u x ?an ^u su* pap]s z ,:atman's ,,hp4 ,m\nt+-bo>ds are frequ5tly us$1 *iefly = j\rnali/ic p5-"w1 :5 x may be suppos$ nobody c>es any?+ ab\t ! f9esse ( ! art1 b only t ! draw+ %all be up to a c]ta9 /&>d ( excell5ce1 &1 m p>ticul>ly1 up to "t4 ,m\nt+-bo>ds are appreciably *eap] ?an good ,bri/ol-bo>d1 b if erasures are to be made !y are tr\blesome1 because "u ! surface !y are compos$ ( ! %oddie/ ( matt]4 ,!y are conv5i5t1 inde$ admirable1 = /udies c>ri$ out 9 a mascul9e mann] ) a quill p51 or = simple draw+s made ) an ord9>y writ+ nib1 ) n too %>p a po9t4 ,= delicate te*nique !y are n to be recomm5d$4 ,inde$1 = any?+ b "w done at home1 c>dbo>ds ( any sort are inexp$i5t2 !y are heavy1 & take up too mu* space4 ,if !y 7 necess>y1 ( c\rse y w\ld h to put up ) ! inconv5i5ce ( c>ry+ two or m p\nds' weight ( !m ab\t ) y1 b !y are n necess>y4 ,e "o :o makes draw+s 9 p5 & ink is cont9ually look+ out = an ideal pap]2 _m h f\nd _! ideals 9 ?is respect2 b t pap] :i* "o man swe>s by1 ano!r w1 n inconceivably1 swe> at1 s no recomm5dation c be tru/$4 ,aga91 p]sonal pr$ilections *ange amaz+ly4 ,"o day y w be able to use ,bri/ol-bo>d ) e satisfaction2 ano!r1 y w f9d its smoo?1 dead :ite1 immaculate surface p]fectly dispirit+4 ,no "o's advice c be implicitly foll[$ 9 respect ( pap]s1 inks1 or p5s4 ,e "o mu/ f9d 8 own especial fancy1 & :5 he has f\nd x he w produce ! bett] "w4 ,! p5-draughtsman :o is a pap]-fanci] does n leave untri$ ev5 ! fly-leaves ( 8 correspond5ce4 ,pap]s h be5 f\nd 9 ?is way :i* h prov$ satisfactory4 ,all y h to d is to g to "s l>ge /ation] or :olesale pap]mak]'s & get y\r fancy mat*$4 ,x w\ld be an easy matt] to obta9 %eets l>g] ?an note-pap]4 ,:atman's ,,hp1 or hot-press$ draw+-pap]1 is good = p5-draw+1 b its prop] use is n v readily le>nt4 ,to beg9 )1 ! surface is full ( little granulations & occasional fibres :i* cat* ! p5 & cause splutt]+s & blots4 ,sometimes1 too1 y happ5 ^u insuffici5tly siz$ ,:atman1 & !n l9es ?ick5 almo/ z if ! draw+ 7 be+ made ^u blott+-pap]4 ,a good plan is to select "s good ,,hp ,:atman & h x cal5d]$4 ,any good /ation] c\ld put y 9 ! way ( gett+ ! cal5d]+ done1 or possibly su* a firm z ,dick9sons'1 manufactur]s ( pap]1 9 ,old ,bailey1 c\ld be prevail$ ^u to d x4 ,if y want a firm1 h>d1 cle>-cut l9e1 y w ( c\rse use only ,bri/ol-bo>d or m\nt+-bo>d1 or pap]s ) a highly f9i%$ surface4 ,draw+s ^u ,:atman's pap]s give 9 ! reproductions brok5 & granulat$ l9es :i* ! process-man 7b no "o else7 reg>ds z defects4 ,%\ld ! block itself be defective1 he w d\btless po9t to ! pap] z ! cause1 b !re is no reason :y ! be/ results %\ld n proce$ f ,,hp pap]4 ,messrs4 ,reeves & ,sons1 ( ,*eapside1 sell :at !y call ,london bo>ds4 ,^! are %eets ( ,:atman m\nt$ ^u c>dbo>d4 ,!y (f] ! advantages ( ! ,,hp surface ) ! rigidity ( ! ,bri/ol-bo>d4 ,! ,art ,tablets sold by ! same firm are c>dbo>ds ) ,:atman pap] m\nt$ on ei!r side4 ,a draw+ c be made ^u bo? sides & ! tablet split up aft]w>ds4 ,9 connection ) illu/ration1 among/ ! mo/ rem>kable inv5tions ( late ye>s are ! prep>$ c>dbo>ds g5]ally kn[n among/ illu/rators z 8scrat*-out c>dbo>ds10 introduc$ by ,messrs4 ,ang]] & ,gs*l ( ,vi5na1 & by ,m4 ,gillot ( ,p>is4 ,^! c>dbo>ds are ( sev]al k9ds1 b are all prep>$ ) a surface ( kaol91 or *9a-clay4 ,reeves sell eight v>ieties ( ^! clay-bo>ds4 ,!y are some:at exp5sive1 co/+ two %ill+s a %eet ( n9ete5 by ?irte5 in*es1 b :5 _! use is well und]/ood !y ju/ify _! exi/5ce by ! ri* effects obta9$1 & by ! sav+ ( "t effect$ 9 draw+ ^u !m4 ,draw+s made ^u ^! prep>ations h all ! fulness & ri*ness ( wa%1 p5cil1 or crayon1 & may be reproduc$ by l9e processes at ! same co/ z a p5-draw+ made ^u pla9 pap]4 ,! simple/ v>iety ( clay-bo>d is ! "o prep>$ ) a pla9 :ite surface1 ^u :i* a draw+ may be made ) p5 & ink1 or ) a bru%1 ! lights tak5 out ) a scrap] or a %>p-po9t$ knife4 ,x is advisable to "w ^u all clay-surfac$ pap]s or c>dbo>ds ) pigm5tal inks1 z1 = in/ance1 lampblack1 ivory-black1 or ,indian ink4 ,ebony /a9 is n suitable4 ,! m liquid inks & /a9s h a t5d5cy to soak ?r\gh ! prep>$ surface ( *9a-clay1 r ?an to re/ only ^u x1 !reby r5d]+ ! c>dbo>d useless = 8scrat*-out0 purposes1 & ( no m value ?an ord9>y draw+-pap]4 ,a draw+ made ^u pla9 clay-bo>d ) p5 & bru%1 us+ lampblack z a m$ium1 c be work$ ^u v effectively ) a %>p po9t4 ,:ite l9es ( a "* n to be obta9$ 9 any o!r way c be ?us produc$ ) happy effect4 ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumn] has made "s ( 8 mo/ /rik+ decorative draw+s 9 ?is mann]4 ,x is a mann] ( work+ rem>kably ak9 to ! wood-engrav]'s art--t is to say1 draw+ or engrav+ 9 :ite l9es ^u a black field--only ( c\rse ! c>dbo>d is m readily work$ ^u ?an ! wood block4 ,inde$1 wood-engrav]s h frequ5tly us$ ?is pla9 clay-bo>d4 ,!y h _h ! surface s5sitiz$1 ! draw+ photograph$ & pr9t$ ^u x1 & h !n proce$$ to take out lights1 to cut out :ite l9es1 & to hat* & cross-hat*1 until ! result looks 9 e way simil> to a wood engrav+4 ,?is has !n be5 photograph$ aga91 & a z9c block made t 9 ! pr9t+ w\ld defy ev5 an exp]t to detect4 ,o!r k9ds ( clay-bo>ds are impress$ ) a gra9 or ) pla9 ind5t$ l9es1 or pr9t$ ^u ) black l9es or reticulations1 :i* may be scrat*$ ?r\gh ) a po9t1 or work$ ^u ) bru% or p54 ,examples are giv5 "h3 ,illu/ration3 ,,canvas-,,gra9 ,,clay-,,bo>d4 ,no4 #a4 ,:ite c>dbo>d1 impress$ ) a pla9 canvas gra94 ,?is gives a f9e pa9ty effect1 z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( poll$ will[s3 a draw+ made 9 p5cil1 ) lights 9 =egr\nd grass & on tree-trunks scrat*$ out ) a knife or ) ! curv$-blad$ eras] sold = use ) ^! prep>ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pla9 ,,diagonal ,,gra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,pla9 ,,p]p5dicul> ,,gra94 #b4 ,pla9 :ite diagonal l9es4 ,p5cil draw+4 #c4 ,pla9 :ite p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,p5cil draw+4 #d4 ,pla9 :ite aquat9t gra94 ,p5cil draw+4 ,^! f\r v>ieties require great] c>e & a light] h& 9 work+ ?an ! o!rs1 because _! patt]ns are n v deeply /amp$1 & consequ5tly ! furr[s betwe5 ! up/&+ l9es are apt to become fill$ ) p5cil1 & to give a brok5 & spotty effect 9 ! reproduction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,p5cil ,,on ,,:ite ,,aquat9t ,,gra9 ,,clay-,,bo>d4 #e4 ,black aquat9t4 ,?is is n a v>iety 9 con/ant use4 ,?ree /ates are %[n4 #f4 ,black diagonal l9es4 ,?is is ! patt]n 9 great] requisition4 ,! me?od ( work+ is %[n1 b ! possibilities ( ?is patt]n are se5 admirably & to ! be/ advantage 9 ! illu/ration ( ,v5etian ,fte on ! ,se9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,aquat9t ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,diagonal-,,l9$ ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+4 #g4 ,black p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,same z ,no4 #f1 except 9 direction ( l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,p]p5dicul>-,,l9$ ,,clay-,,bo>d ,,& ,,two ,,/ages ,,( ,,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5etian ,f,,te ,,on ,,! ,,se9e1 ,,) ,,! ,,trocad]o ,,illum9at$4 ,p5 & ink on black diagonal-l9$ clay-bo>d4 ,lights scrat*$ out4 ,draw+s made ^u ^! gra9$ & ridg$ pap]s mu/ n be /ump$ d[n or treat$ 9 any way t w\ld fill up ! int]/ices1 :i* give ! l9$ & granul> effect capable ( reproduction by l9e-process4 ,also1 x is v important to note t draw+s on ^! pap]s c only be subject$ to a slight r$uction ( scale--say1 a r$uction at mo/ by "o qu>t]4 ,! clos5ess ( ! pr9t$ gra9s & l9es =bids a small] scale t %all be p]fect4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,%annon has drawn ^u l9$ 8scrat*-out0 c>dbo>d ) ! happie/ effect4 ,,p5s4 ,a common delusion z to p5s = draw+ is t only ! f9]-po9t$ k9ds are suitable4 ,to ! contr>y1 mo/ ( ! s-call$ 8et*+ p5s0 & cr[-quills & lilliputian affairs sold are n only unnecess>y1 b positively h>mful4 ,!y enc\rage ! niggl+ me?ods ( ! amateur1 & are1 besides1 untru/wor?y & dreadfully scrat*y4 ,y c b r>ely dep5d ^u !m = ! draw+ ( a cont9u\s l9e2 frequ5tly !y refuse to m>k at all4 ,i "k v well t ,i %all be exclaim$ aga9/ :5 ,i say t a good m$ium-po9t$ p5 or f9e-po9t$ s*ool nib are f> bett] ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! p5s especially made = draughtsm51 b t is ! case4 ,) practice1 "o c use almo/ any writ+ nib = ! production ( a p5-draw+4 ,ev5 ! broad-po9t$ ,j p5 is useful4 ,quill p5s are delightful to "w ) = ! mak+ ( p5-/udies 9 a bold1 free mann]4 ,a well-cut quill flies ov] all descriptions ( pap]1 r\gh or smoo?1 )\t ! lea/ cat*+ ( fibres or splutt]+4 ,x is ! free/ & lea/ trammell+ ( p5s1 & seems almo/ to draw ( its own volition4 ,br&au]'s p5s are1 g5]ally1 v good1 *iefly = ! reason t !y h circul> po9ts t r>ely become scrat*y4 ,!y make a small nib1 ,no4 #eae1 :i* works & we>s well2 ?is la/ an unusual quality 9 ! small makes4 ,p]ry ,co4 sell two v simil> nibs1 ,no4 #fja 7a s-call$ 8et*+ p507 & ,no4 #be2 !y are bo? scrat*y4 ,gillott's cr[quill1 ,no4 #fei1 is a b>rel p51 v small & v good1 flexible1 & capable ( produc+ at once ! f9e/ & ! bolde/ l9es2 b ,br&au]'s ,ori5tal p51 ,no4 #cdb ,,ef1 an ord9>y f9e-po9t$ writ+ p51 is j z excell5t1 & its use is m readily le>nt4 ,x takes "s "t & practice to discov] ! capabilities ( ! ,gillott cr[quill2 ! o!r p5's possibilities are easi] f\nd4 ,besides1 ! t5d5cy ) a microscopic nib is to niggl$ "w1 :i* is n to be desir$ at ! co/ ( vig\r4 ,mit*ell's ,f p5 is a f9e-po9t$ s*ool writ+ nib4 ,x is n p>ticul>ly flexible1 b v reliable & la/s long4 ,gillott has rec5tly introduc$ a v rem>kable nib1 ,no4 #ajjj1 frankly a draw+ p51 flexible 9 ! extreme1 capable ( produc+ at w ! f9e/ ( hair-l9es or ! broade/ ( /rokes4 ,"s illu/rators make l9e draw+s ) a bru%4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,sullivan works 9 ?is way1 us+ a r$ sable bru% ) all sup]flu\s hairs cut away1 & fa%ion$ to a po9t4 ,lampblack is ! be/ m$ium = ! bru%4 ,to draw 9 l9e ) a bru% requires long practice & great dext]ity1 b m5 :o habitually "w 9 ?is way say t its use once le>nt1 no "o w\ld ex*ange x = ! p54 ,( ?is ,i c express no op9ion4 ,c]ta9ly !re are "s obvi\s advantages 9 us+ a bru%4 ,x does n ev] p5etrate ! surface ( ! pap]1 & x is capable ( produc+ ! mo/ solid & smoo? l9es4 ,/ylographic & f\nta9 p5s1 ( :atev] make1 are ( no use :atev]4 ,glass p5s are recomm5d$ by "s draughtsm5 = _! quality ( draw+ an equable l9e2 b !y w\ld seem to be *iefly useful 9 ma!matical & eng9e]+ "w1 :i* dem&s ! same ?ickness ( l9e ?r\gh\t4 ,^! p5s w\ld also prove v useful 9 ar*itects' (fices1 9 draw+ pr(iles ( m\ld+s1 trac]y1 & crockets1 because1 n be+ divid$ into two nibs1 !y make any v>iety ( curve )\t ! slighte/ alt]ation 9 ! "* ( ! l9e produc$4 ,any "o accu/om$ to use ! ord9>y divid$ nibs w "k ! difficulty ( draw+ su* curves ) !m4 ,,inks4 ,x is1 p]haps1 m difficult to come by a ?or\ghly reliable ink ?an to be exactly suit$ ) pap]s & p5s2 & yet great] att5tion has be5 giv5 by manufactur]s to inks ?an to ^? o!r necess>ies4 ,y c1 (t5 ) advantage1 use a writ+ p52 b no "o1 h[ev] clev] he may be1 c make a satisfactory draw+ = reproduction ) ! aid ( writ+-inks4 ,!y are ei!r n black en\gh1 or else are too fluid1 s t x is impossible to run l9es close toge!r1 or to cross-hat* )\t ! ink runn+ ! l9es into "o ano!r4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be rem>k$ t ?is is an obvi\s error1 s9ce _m ( ,ke5e's mo/ delightful draw+s & /udies 7 made 9 writ+-inks--black1 blue-black1 or dilut$1 or ev5 9 r$1 & violet1 & blue inks4 ,c]ta9ly ,ke5e 0 a great man 9 :atev] m$ium he us$1 b he 0 n accu/om$ to be reproduc$ 9 any o!r way ?an by s-call$ fac-simile wood engrav+4 ,9 ?is way all 8 greynesses & fa9t l9es c\ld h _! relative values translat$1 b ev5 9 ! clev]e/ surface-pr9t+ processes 8 "w c\ld n be adequately reproduc$4 ,/eph5s's ebony /a9 is p]haps ! mo/ widely us$ ink at ?is "t4 ,x is n made = ! purpose ( draw+1 be+ a /a9 = wood2 b its m]its = p5-draw+ h be5 kn[n = "s consid]able "t4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! be/1 *eape/1 & lea/ tr\blesome m$ium 9 ! m>ket4 ,x is1 :5 n dilut$1 an int5sely black liquid ) an appreciable body1 b n too ?ick to fl[ freely4 ,x dries ) a c]ta9 b n v obtrusive glaze1 :i* process-engrav]s at "o "t object$ to mo/ /rongly1 because !y want$ some?+ to object to on pr9ciple2 b !y h at l5g? become tir$ ( remon/rat+1 & really !re 0 nev] any objection to ! /a9 ^u t score4 ,x fl[s readily f ! p51 & :5 dry+ ^u ! nib is n gummy nor 9 any way adhesive1 b p[d]s easily--avoid+ ! abom9ation ( a p5 clogg$ ) a /icky mess ( half-dry mud1 *>act]i/ic ( ! use ( ,indian ink4 ,ebony /a9 is sold 9 sub/antial /one bottles1 & s does n readily become ?ick2 b :51 ow+ to any cause1 x does n run freely en\gh1 a sp>+ dilution ) wat] re/ores its fluid prop]ties4 ,dilut$ too (t5 or too freely1 x becomes ( a decid$ purple-br[n t9t2 b z a good-siz$ bottle co/s only sixp5ce1 & holds en\gh to la/ a ye>1 x ne$ n be repeat$ly dilut$ on ! score ( its co/4 ,x is n a fix$ ink1 & readily smudges :5 wa%$ ov] or spott$ ) wat]--s _c be us$ 9 comb9ation ) wat]-col\r or flat-wa%es4 ,nei!r c ,*9ese :ite be us$ ^u a draw+ made 9 ,ebony /a94 ,^! are disadvantages t w\ld tell aga9/ its use by illu/rators :o make _m alt]ations ^u _! "w1 or :o pa9t 9 lights on a p5-draw+ ) body-col\r2 b = pure p5-draw+1 & = /raight-away j\rnali/ic "w1 x is invaluable4 ,indian ink is ! traditional m$ium4 ,x has ! advantage ( fixity2 l9es drawn ) x1 :5 once dry1 w n smudge :5 wa%$ ov]1 &1 at mo/1 !y give b a v slight grey or br[n t9t to ! pap]4 ,indian ink c be b\ght 9 /icks & gr\nd ) wat] 9 a sauc]2 b !re seems to be no reason = any "o to g to ?is tr\ble1 z liquid ,indian inks are to be b\ght 9 bottles f ,messrs4 ,reeves4 ,! be/ ,indian ink1 :5 fre%ly gr\nd1 gives a f9e black l9e t dries ) t bogey ( ! process-man1 a glaze2 b lampblack is ( a m int5se blackness1 & dries ) a dull surface4 ,lampblack is easily soluble1 & !re=e has n ! /ability ( good ,indian ink to recomm5d x4 ,= ord9>y use ) ! p51 x has too mu* ( ! pigm5tal nature1 & is v apt to clog ! nib & to cause annoyance & loss ( "t4 ,lampblack & ,ivory-black are bett] suit$ to ! bru%4 ,h5ts*el1 ( #ahb1 ,fleet ,/reet1 sells an ,am]ican prep>ation call$ 8,:it+'s ,process-,draw+ ,ink10 :i* pr(esses to h all ! virtues t %\ld accompany a draw+-ink4 ,x is v abom9able1 & has an imm$iate corrosive effect ^u p5s4 ,! draw+-mat]ials' %op 9 ,k+ ,william ,/reet1 ,/r&1 sells 8,higg9s' ,am]ican ,draw+ ,ink10 done up 9 +5i\sly contriv$ bottles4 ,x is well spok5 (4 ,encre de ,*9e ,liquide is ! be/ liquid ,indian ink sold1 & is v l>gely us$ by draughtsm54 ,x c be obta9$ readily at any good col\r-%op4 ,x is f> pref]able to mo/ ( ! liquid ,indian inks prep>$ by ,engli% h\ses1 :i* :5 left /&+ = a few m9utes deposit a s$im5t1 & at be/ are inadequate concoctions ( a gre5i%-grey col\r4 ,messrs4 ,reeves & ,sons h rec5tly introduc$ a special ink = p5-draw+1 :i* !y call 8,arti/s' ,black40 ,x is z good z any4 ,x is a liquid ink1 sold 9 %ill+ bottles4 ,mr4 ,du ,mauri] uses blue-black writ+-ink f an ink/& t is always all[$ to /& op5 & receive du/ & become half muddy4 ,he pref]s x 9 ?is condition4 ,also he g5]ally works ^u ,,hp draw+-pap]4 ,x is int]e/+ to "k ?is1 b to "w 9 blue-black ink is an amiable ecc5tricity t might prove disa/r\s to any "o foll[+ 8 example4 ,8 "w is n reproduc$ by z9cography1 b by fac-simile wood engrav+4 ,x may be laid d[n z an inflexible rule1 if y are beg9n+ ! /udy ( p5-draw+1 if y\r "w is = hurri$ newspap] production1 or if y h n ! control ( ! reproduction 9 y\r own h&s1 to draw = l9e-process 9 ! blacke/ ink & on ! :ite/ pap]4 ,_m ar*itects & ar*itectural draughtsm51 :o are accu/om$ to exhibit p5-draw+s ( ar*itecture at ! ,royal ,academy1 are accu/om$ to draw 9 br[n inks4 ,pr\t's ,br[n is g5]ally us$1 & gives a v pleas+ effect to a draw+4 ,x photographs & reproduces readily1 b x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t1 if pr9t$ 9 black ink1 ! reproduction w inevitably be mu* heavi]4 ,sc>let inks1 & ev5 yell[ inks1 h be5 us$ by draughtsm5 = special purposes1 & are all[able f ! photographic po9t ( view2 b blue mu/ n be us$1 be+ an act9ic col\r & impossible to photograph4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,p5-,,draw+4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t because ! p5 is s h&y an in/rum5t1 & inks & pap]1 ( sorts1 are ev]y:]e1 t ! mak+ ( a p5-draw+ is a simple affair ( a few un$ucat$ /rokes4 ,! less y "k ( ! art1 ! easi] x seems1 & !y d b %[ _! ignorance :o speak ( its simplicity4 ,y w want z mu* p[] ( draughtsman%ip1 & m1 = draw+ 9 ?is m$ium ?an 9 _m o!rs2 because ! diff]5ce betwe5 good draw+ & bad is m readily se5 9 l9e-"w ?an 9 o!r me?ods1 & s9ce 9 ^! days ! /&>d ( ! art has be5 rais$ s high4 ,y w want n less /udy 9 ! op5 air1 or ) ! life-class = figure-"w1 ?an ! pa9t] gives or %\ld give to 8 prelim9>y /udies = 8 art4 ,?is drudg]y y w h to g ?r\gh1 :e!r 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t 7:i* does n recognize ?is1 ! live/ art ( our "t71 or 9 ! /udio & "u ! c>e ( "s arti/ :o receives pupils 9 ! fa%ion ( ! atli] sy/em 9 ,france4 ,b su* /udios are r>e 9 ,engl&4 ,x seems likely t ! /ud5t ( p5-draw+1 :o />ts ) le>n+ draughtsman%ip ( any sort1 mu/ fir/ g ?r\gh mu* ( ! ord9>y gr9d ( ! s*ools1 &1 :5 he has got "s sort ( pr(ici5cy1 turn to & worry out ! application ( ! p5 to 8 already receiv$ tea*+4 ,no "o w tea* him p5-draw+ z an individual art2 ( t !re is no d\bt4 ,p]haps ! be/ c\rse he c\ld pursue w\ld be to become acqua9t$ ) ! books illu/rat$ by ! =emo/ m51 & /udy !m a:ile to see 9 :at mann] !y "w ) ! p51 & ) ?is k set to "w ) models1 9 ! same way z a pa9t] w\ld d4 ,or1 if y\r "w is ( ano!r bran* beside ! figure1 g to ! fields1 ! h$g][s1 & all ! glory ( ! c\ntry-side1 & "w fir/-h&4 ,! sket*-book is a necessity1 & %\ld always be 9 ! /ud5t's pocket = ! jott+ d[n ( notes & memor&a4 ,i d n ?9k _m p5-draughtsm5 are c>eful en\gh to make a ?or\gh p5cil /udy z ! basis ( _! p5-draw+1 al?\gh t is ! be/ way to proce$1 & _! draw+s w\ld be all ! bett] = ! practice4 ,x is to ?is abs5ce ( ! prelim9>y p5cil-"w1 ?is %irk+ ( an und\bt$ drudg]y1 t is due ! quantity ( un9spir$1 fumbl+ draw+ ) ! p5 t we see n[adays4 ,! omission ( a c>efully made orig9al p5cil-sket*1 ov] :i* to "w 9 p5 & ink1 r5d]s commonplace ! "w ( _m arti/s :i*1 if only !y 7 less impati5t ( toil1 w\ld become transfigur$4 ,:at is s injuri\s to ! man :o has le>nt 8 art is fatal to "o :o is by way ( beg9n+ its /udy4 ,make1 !n1 a p5cil-draw+ 9 outl9e1 us+ an ,,hb p5cil1 z c>efully z if t only 7 ! end & object ( y\r "w4 ,"w lightly ) ?is h>d p5cil ^u ! pap] or c>dbo>d y h select$1 indicat+ %ad[s r ?an fill+ !m 94 ,x is necess>y to make only fa9t p5cil l9es1 = !y w h to be rubb$ out ev5tually1 aft] ! p5-draw+ has be5 made ov] !m4 ,if ! m>ks 7 deep & /rong1 a great deal ( rubb+ w\ld h to be done to get !m out1 & t injures ! surface ( ! pap] & greys ! black l9es ( ! ink us$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! p5cil-m>ks 7 n rubb$ out1 !y w\ld v likely photograph & reproduce 9 ! process-block4 ,to a p5-draughtsman ( exp]i5ce ! reproduction ( 8 p5cil-m>ks c be made an additional beauty2 b ! /ud5t _h mu* bett] be1 at fir/1 a puri/1 & make = clean p5-/rokes alone on 8 f9i%$ draw+4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$1 if y are work+ = reproduction 7& consequ5t r$uction ( scale f ! draw+ to ! process-block71 t ! p5-"w y h se5 pr9t$ 9 ! books & pap]s & magaz9es 0 made on a mu* l>g] scale ?an y see x reproduc$ 9 _! pages4 ,v frequ5tly1 z 9 ! ,am]ican magaz9es1 ! r$uction is to ab\t "o qu>t] scale ( ! orig9al draw+2 b1 work+ = process 9 ,engl&1 ! draw+ %\ld1 g5]ally speak+1 be f two-?irds to "o-half l>g] ?an ! reproduction4 ,^! proportions w1 z a rule1 give excell5t results4 ,see+ t y\r draw+ is to be s mu* l>g] ?an ! process-block1 x foll[s t ! p5-"w c1 ) advantage1 be correspond+ly vigor\s4 ,x w\ld help y bett] ?an any description to a notion ( :at an orig9al draw+ %\ld be l1 if y c\ld obta9 a glance at ! orig9als ( any good p5-draughtsm54 ,b un=tunately1 !re are few exhibitions 9 :i* p5-"w has any place4 ,:5 y\r p5cil /udy is complet$ 9 an outl9e giv+ all details d[n to ! m9ute/1 y c set ab\t ! p5-draw+4 ,(t51 inde$1 if c>efully made1 ! p5cil-sket* looks too good to be cov]$ up ) ink4 ,if y wi% to reta9 x1 x c1 if made ^u ?9 pap]1 be trac$ ^u c>dbo>d ) ! aid ( black c>bon pap]1 or bett] /ill 7s9ce blue w n photograph7 ) blue transf] pap]1 :i* y c ei!r pur*ase or make = y\rself by tak+ ?9 smoo? pap] & rubb+ p[d]$ blue *alk ^u "o side ( x1 or scribbl+ closely ^u x ) blue p5cil4 ,!re is ano!r way ( trac+ ! p5cil-draw+3 by p9n+ ov] x a %eet ( ?9 correspond5ce pap] 7( ! k9d call$ ,bank ,po/7 & work+ ^u t /raight away4 ,b1 aft] all1 x w\ld1 = ! sake ( reta9+ some?+ ( ! fre%ness ( fir/ impressions1 be be/ to sacrifice y\r p5cil /udy & "w away on t4 ,n[ ! p5-draw+ is begun1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to draw only cle> & p]fectly black l9es1 & n to run ^! toge!r1 b to keep ! draw+ :at ! process m5 call 8op540 ,if details are put 9 )\t reg>d = ! f9+ d[n :i* r$uction gives1 x is only too likely t ! result w %[ only dirty1 mean+less pat*es :]e 0 a great deal ( delicate p5-"w4 ,( c\rse1 ! exact k ( h[ to draw ) ! p5 to get ! be/ results by process _c prop]ly be taught1 b mu/ be le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 aft] _m miscalculations4 ,x w be f\nd1 too1 t _m ?+s :i* x w\ld be inadvisable = ! beg9n] to d 7especially if he _c comm& 8 own *oice ( process-engrav]7 are p]fectly legitimate to ! practis$ arti/ :o has /udi$ process "w4 ,! /ud5t %\ld n be at fir/ enc\rag$ to make exp]im5ts 9 dilut$ inks or reta9$ p5cil-m>ks1 or any ( ^? delightful practices by :i* "o :o is ?or\ghly conv]sant ) photographic processes & p5-draw+ v>ies ! monotony ( 8 m$ium4 ,he %\ld beg9 by mak+ 8 draw+s z simply z he c1 s t !y express 8 subject4 ,& ?is simplicity1 ?is quality ( sugge/ion1 is ! true field ( p5-"w4 ,! be/ "w is retic5t & sob]1 giv+ ! greate/ numb] ( ess5tial facts 9 ! fewe/ /rokes4 ,if y c express a fact ) suffici5t intelligibility 9 half a doz5 p5 /rokes1 x is in>ti/ic & inexp$i5t to worry x into any numb] ( scrat*es4 ,?is is (t5 done because ! public likes to see t !re has be5 pl5ty ( manual lab\r put into ! "w x buys4 ,x is greatly impress$ ) ! k t any p>ticul> draw+ took days to complete1 & x respects t draw+ accord+ly1 & has no?+ b contempt = a sket* :i* may h tak5 only an h\r or s1 al?\gh ! fir/ may be artless & ov]load$ ) unnecess>y detail1 & ! second in/9ct ) actuality & sugge/ion4 ,b if y are draw+ a l&scape ) a p51 t is no reason = putt+ 9 an elaborate =egr\nd ( grass1 c>efully work+ up ea* squ>e in*4 ,su* a subject c be r5d]$ by a ma/] 9 a few /rokes1 & ?\gh1 possibly1 y may nev] equal ! arti/ry ( ! ma/]1 y c foll[ 8 ideals4 ,ano!r & alli$ po9t 9 p5-&-ink art is its adaptability to :at is t]m$ 8selection40 ,y h1 say1 be=e y ! view or object to be drawn4 ,y d n ne$ to make a draw+ 9 :i* y %all niggle up e "p ( x1 b y select 7! tra9$ eye readily does ?is7 its sali5t feature & emphasize x & make x fall prop]ly into ! composition1 leav+ aught else ei!r sugge/$ or less ?or\ghly treat$4 ,"h is a p5-draw+ made ) a v special reg>d to a selection only ( ! ess5tial4 ,! ,gateh\se1 ,moynes ,c\rt1 is a s+ul> /ructure ne> ! %ore ( ! ,sev]n e/u>y1 two miles bel[ ,*ep/[4 ,! s+ul>ity ( its design1 r>ely p>allel$ 9 ,engl&1 w\ld give ! arti/ ! motive = sket*+1 & its tap]+ l9es & curi\s ro(s are be/ pres]v$ 9 a draw+ t deals *iefly 9 outl9e1 & has b little %ad+ :]e) to confuse ! que] pr(ile ( ^! effective t[]s4 ,?is draw+ 0 reproduc$ by ! bitum5 process4 ,! l9es 9 ! =egr\nd1 sugge/ive ( grass1 7 drawn 9 p5cil4 ,! p5-sket*es & /udies ( ! =emo/ arti/s :i* h be5 made1 n = publication1 b = practice1 b :i* h sometimes be5 reproduc$1 z1 = in/ance1 "s slight sket*es ( ,*>les ,ke5e's1 delight ! arti/'s eye simply by reason ( _! sugge/ive & selective qualities4 ,if y d n delight 9 ^! ?+s1 b h a desire to 7z ! untaught public might say7 8see !m f9i%$10 !n x seems likely ei!r t y h n ! arti/ic s5se1 or else y h n suffici5t tra9+2 b ,i %\ld suspect y 7 9 ! fir/ category1 & %\ld !n advise y to leave matt]s arti/ic alone4 ,illu/ration3 #g #i4 ,,! ,,gateh\se1 ,,moynes ,,c\rt4 ,bitum5 process4 ,draw+ %[+ value ( selection4 ,y %\ld n =get t 9 draw+ = reproduction y are n work+ l ! pa9t] ( a picture4 ,! pa9t]'s picture exi/s = its own sake1 n1 l a p5 or wa% draw+1 z only ! means to an end4 ,! end ( ^! draw+s is illu/ration1 & :5 ?is is frankly ackn[l$g$1 no "o has any "r to criticize ! neatness or untid9ess ( ! means1 s long z ! end is kept prop]ly 9 view4 ,we h n yet arriv$ at t /age ( civilization :5 black-&-:ite art %all be appreciat$ z fully z col\r4 ,:5 we h won to t p9nacle ( culture1 !n p]haps an orig9al draw+ 9 p5 or mono*rome w be *]i%$ = its own sake2 at pres5t we are b>b>ic m ?an en\gh1 & bright hues attract u only 9 less] degree ?an our 8fri5d & bro!r10 ,qua%ee f ! ,congo4 ,h[ ne>ly relat$ we are ^! pref]5ces may %[ m readily ?an ! rant]'s impassion$ oratory4 ,z a draw+ made = reproduction is only a /age on ! way to ! pr9t$ illu/ration1 & is n ! cynosure ( collectors1 x is successful or unsuccessful only 9 s f> z x subs]ves ?is purpose4 ,!re is really no ne$ = scrupul\s neatness 9 ! orig9al2 !re is no necessity = x to h ! appe>ance ( a f9i%$ picture or ( delicate execution1 s only x w we> ?is appe>ance :5 r$uc$4 ,t curi\s bugbe> ( neatness causes want ( bread? & vig\r1 & is ! cause ( mo/ ( ! tight & trammell$ h&l+ we see4 ,draughtsm5 at ! outset ( _! c>e] are too mu* afraid ( _! m$iums ( :ite c>dbo>d & ink1 & too scrupul\s 9 submitt+ _! orig9al draw+s1 beautifully clean$ up & trimm$ r\nd1 to editors :o1 if !y "k _! bus9ess1 give no bett] consid]ation to !m on t acc\nt4 ,mr4 ,rusk9 has writt51 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,draw+1 "s mo/ mislead+ ?+s ) reg>d to draw+ ) ! p54 ,true1 8 book 0 writt5 9 ! '#ej's1 be=e p5-draw+ became an art1 b x has be5 repeat$ly repr9t$ ev5 s lately z #ahic1 & consequ5tly x is /ill actively dang]\s4 8,co>se art10 i4e4 bold "w1 says ,mr4 ,rusk9--he is speak+ ( p5-draw+--8is always bad art40 ,!re y see ,mr4 ,rusk9 hold+ a brief = ! ,briti% public :i* admires ! ineffable arti/ry display$ 9 writ+ ! ,"l's ,pray] on a ?reep5ny piece1 b deplores ! immorality %[n 9 draw+s done ) a quill p54 ,! art ( a p5-draw+ is n to be calculat$ on a slid+-scale graduat$ to microscopical fractions ( an in* & appli$ to its individual /rokes4 ,! appe>ance a draw+ w pres5t :5 r$uc$ may be approximately judg$ by ! use ( a 8dim9i%+ glass10 t is to say1 a concave glass4 ,draw+s %\ld n be clean$ up ) india-rubb]1 :i* de/roys ! surface ( pap] or c>dbo>d & r5d]s l9es rott52 bread %\ld be us$1 pref]ably /ale bread two days old1 crumbl$ & rubb$ ov] ! draw+ ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,mr4 ,rusk9 says t 9 ?is way 8y wa/e ! good bread1 :i* is wrong20 b y _h bett] use a h&ful ( 8! good bread0 9 ?is way ?an injure a good draw+4 ,! copy+ ( wood engrav+s or /eel pr9ts1 n = _! subjects1 b = _! peculi> te*niques1 is a vici\s & in>ti/ic practice4 ,"t us$ 9 ?is way is "t wa/$1 & worse ?an wa/$1 because ?is practice is utt]ly at v>iance ) ! _s ( p5-"w4 ,x is n a pro( ( arti/ry or consummate draughtsman%ip to be able to draw a /raight l9e or a p]fect circle1 ! absurd leg5d ( ,giotto & 8 circle not)/&+4 ,!re are _m lab\r-sav+ tricks 9 draw+ = reproduction1 b ^! h usually little connection ) ! purely arti/ic side ( illu/ration4 ,!y h be5 devis$ *iefly to aid ! new race ( arti/-j\rnali/s 9 draw+ = ! pap]s :i* cat] = t well-kn[n desire ( ! public to see its news illu/rat$ hot & hot4 ,mo/ ( ^! me?ods & ! l>g] proportion ( ! m5 :o practice !m are frankly j\rnali/ic1 b "s few draughtsm5 h succe$$ 9 resolv+ ?is sleight ( h& into novel & int]e/+ /yles1 & _! hurri$ "w has a*iev$ a value all its own1 sc>cely legitimate1 b aggressive & clam\r+ = att5tion4 ,"o ( ^! tricks 9 illu/ration is a me?od :i* is l>gely practis$ = j\rnali/ic illu/ration 9 ,am]ica--draw+ 9 p5 & ink ^u photographs1 :i* are aft]w>ds blea*$ out1 ! outl9e draw+s rema9+ to be process$4 ,al?\gh n a desirable practice f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 x is advantage\sly us$ = news "w or ^u any occasion 9 :i* exp$ition is ess5tial4 ,! photograph to be treat$ 9 ?is way is pr9t$ by ! usual silv]-pr9t me?od1 ) ! exception t ! pap] us$ is some:at diff]5tly prep>$4 ,:at is kn[n z 8pla9 salt$ pap]0 is us$2 t is to say1 pap] prep>$ )\t ! album5 :i* gives to ord9>y silv]-pr9ts _! smoo?1 %9y appe>ance4 ,! pap] is prep>$ by be+ soak$ 9 a solution made by ! foll[+ =mula3-- ,*lorate ( ammonia #ajj gra9s4 ,gelat9e #aj ,wat] #aj ounces4 ,! pr9t is made & fix$ )\t ton+4 ,x may n[ be drawn ^u ) p5 & ,indian ink4 ,! ink %\ld be p]fectly black & fix$4 ,! draw+1 if x is to be wor? any?+ arti/ically1 mu/ n aim at any?+ l ! fulness ( detail :i* ! photograph possesses4 ,an outl9e draw+ is readily made 9 ?is way1 & a consid]able am\nt ( detail may be a*iev$4 ,inde$1 ! temptation is always to g ov] ! photograph 9 p5 & ink too fully1 & only draughtsm5 ( accompli%m5t c resi/ ?is almo/ irresi/ible inducem5t to d too mu*4 ,/ill1 admirable results h be5 obta9$ 9 ?is way by arti/s :o "k & practise ! v great virtue ( retic5ce4 ,:5 ! draw+ has be5 f9i%$ x is imm]s$ 9 a solution ( bi*lorate ( m]cury dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 :i* removes all traces ( ! photograph1 leav+ ! draw+ %[+ un9jur$ ^u pla9 :ite pap]4 ,omissions f ! draw+ may n[ be suppli$ & corrections made1 & x is n[ ready = be+ process$4 ,if v s]i\s omissions are notic$1 ! photograph may be conjur$ back by imm]s+ ! pap] 9 a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda4 ,ano!r & readi] way is to draw ^u photographs pr9t$ on f]ro-prussiate pap]4 ,?is pap] may be pur*as$ at any good photographic mat]ials %op1 or x c be prep>$ by bru%+ a %eet ( pap] ov] ) a s5sitiz+ solution compos$ ( ! two foll[+ solutions1 ,a & ,b1 prep>$ sep>ately & !n mix$ 9 equal volumes3-- ,a ,citrate ( iron & ammonia #a ounces4 ,wat] #h ,b ,f]ricyanide ( potassium #a ,wat] #h ,! pap] mu/ be prep>$ ?us 9 a d>k room & quickly dri$4 ,x w rema9 9 good condition = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 & is be/ pres]v$ 9 a calcium tube4 ,pr9ts made ^u f]ro-prussiate pap] are =m$ 9 ,prussian blue1 & are fix$ 9 ! simple/ way1 on be+ tak5 f ! pr9t+ frame1 by wa%+ 9 cold wat]4 ,an ,indian ink draw+ may n[ be made ^u ?is blue photographic pr9t1 & s5t = process )\t ! necessity ( blea*+1 because blue w n reproduce4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x is desir$ to see ! draw+ z black l9es ^u :ite pap]1 ! blue pr9t may be blea*$ out 9 a few seconds by imm]s+ x 9 a di% ( wat] 9 :i* a small piece ( :at *emi/s call c>bonate ( soda 7common wa%+ soda7 has be5 dissolv$4 ,outl9e draw+s = reproduction by process may be made ^u trac+-pap]4 ,mo/ ( ! r\gh illu/rations & portrait sket*es pr9t$ 9 ! morn+ & ev5+ newspap]s are trac+s made 9 ?is way f photographs or f o!r m elaborate illu/rations4 ,al?\gh ?is is n at all a dignifi$ bran* ( art1 yet "s ( ! little portrait heads t appe> f "t to "t 9 ! ,/4 ,james's ,gazette1 ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 & ! ,we/m9/] ,gazette are models ( selection & due economy ( l9e1 calculat$ to give all ! ess5tials ( portraiture1 :ile hav+ due reg>d to ! exig5cies ( ! newspap] pr9t+ press4 ,illu/ration ,! two outl9e portrait sket*es %[n "h are reproduc$ f ! ,/4 ,james's ,gazette4 ,_! ?ick l9es h a t5d5cy to become (f5sive :5 subject$ to c>eful book-pr9t+1 b appe>+ z !y orig9ally did 9 ! rapidly pr9t$ editions ( an ev5+ pap]1 ?is emphasis ( l9e 0 exactly suit$ to ! occasion4 ,illu/ration ,transluc5t :ite trac+-pap] %\ld be us$ = trac+ purposes1 p9n$ securely ?r\gh ! corn]s ( ! photograph or draw+ to be copi$ 9 ?is mann] on to a draw+-bo>d1 s t ! trac+ may n be %ift$ :ile 9 progress4 ,no p5cill+ is necess>y1 b ! trac+ %\ld be made 9 ink1 /raight away4 ,fix$ ,indian ink %\ld be us$1 because :5 ! trac+ is f9i%$ x w be necess>y = process purposes to pa/e x ^u c>dbo>d1 &1 trac+-pap] be+ s ?91 ! moi/ure p5etrates1 & w\ld smudge a draw+ made 9 soluble inks unless ! v greate/ c>e 0 tak54 ,old trac+-pap] :i* has turn$ a yell[ col\r %\ld on no acc\nt be us$1 & trac+-clo? is r>ely available1 because1 al?\gh beautifully transp>5t1 x is g5]ally too greasy = pure l9e-"w4 ,p5-draw+s :i* are to be made & reproduc$ = ! newspap] press at ! utmo/ spe$ are made ^u li?ographic transf] pap] 9 li?ographic ink1 a /ubborn & difficult mat]ial ( a fatty nature4 ,draw+s made 9 ?is way are n photograph$1 b transf]r$ direct to ! z9c plate1 & et*$ 9 a v %ort space ( "t4 ,no r$uction 9 scale is possible1 & ! orig9al draw+ is inevitably de/roy$ 9 ! process ( transf]r+4 ,,wa% ,,draw+s4 ,wa% draw+s = reproduction by half-tone process %\ld be made ^u smoo? or f9ely gra9$ c>dbo>ds4 ,reeves' ,london bo>d is v good = ! purpose1 & s is a ,fr5* bo>d !y keep1 /amp$ 9 ! corn] ( ea* %eet ) ! initials ,a4 ,l4 9 a circle4 ,wa% draw+s %\ld be made 9 diff]5t gradations ( ! same col\r if a good result is to be expect$3 ?us a wa% draw+ 9 lampblack %\ld be execut$ only 9 %ades ( lampblack1 & n v>i$ by ! use ( sepia 9 "s p>ts1 or ( ,payne's grey 9 o!rs4 ,lampblack is a fav\rite mat]ial1 & excell5t f ! photographic po9t ( view4 ,payne's grey1 or neutral t9t1 at "o "t _h a great vogue1 b x is too blue 9 all its %ades = altoge!r satisfactory reproduction1 al?\gh ! illu/ration1 ,! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 %[n on p4 #abb1 has come well ) its use4 ,*9ese :ite 0 freely us$ 9 ! draw+1 & its value is %[n 9 putt+ 9 ! swirls ( fog4 ,illu/ration3 #aa #ag4 ,,! ,,h\ses ,,( ,,p>liam5t ,,at ,,night1 ,,f ,,! ,,riv]4 ,wa% draw+ 9 ,payne's grey4 ,half-tone process1 m$ium gra94 ,illu/ration3 #e #c4 ,,victoria ,,embankm5t ,,ne> ,,blackfri>s ,,bridge3 ,a ,,foggy ,,night4 ,draw+ on pap] 9 *>coal-grey1 lights put 9 ) ,*9ese :ite4 ,m$ium gra94 ,indian ink is capable ( produc+ ! greate/ range ( tone f light to d>k1 & successive wa%es ) x are q indelible4 ,b x may be said at once t ?is great range is n necess>y--nay1 is n advisable 9 draw+ = half-tone reproduction4 ,9 view ( ! unavoidable defects ( ! half-tone processes :i* t5d to flatt5 out ! picture1 arti/s %\ld n attempt _m & delicate gradations4 ,half a doz5 tones f black to :ite w g5]ally suffice4 ,any attempt to secure ! ?\s&-&-"o gradations ( a photograph w be at once ne$less & h>mful4 ,pure transp>5t wat]-col\r wa%es d n give su* good effects 9 reproduction z "w 9 body-col\r4 ,*9ese :ite mix$ ) lampblack comes beautifully4 ,*>coal-grey1 ( rec5t introduction1 is n s well adapt$ to ! admixture ( body-col\r4 ,altoge!r1 *>coal-grey1 al?\gh a v admirable col\r1 is a difficult mat]ial unless y "k exactly at />t+ a draw+ :at y int5d to d4 ,! illu/ration1 ,victoria ,embankm5t3 a ,foggy ,night1 0 made 9 x on r\gh pap]4 ,! nature ( ! subject r5d]$ ! execution ( ! draw+ easy1 b 9 a draw+ :i* runs ! :ole gamut ( tone1 its un/able qualities =bid its use by ! novice4 ,illu/ration3 #ac #aj4 ,,corfe ,,railway ,,/ation4 ,draw+ ^u common r\gh scribbl+ pap] 9 ,indian ink1 wa%es re9=c$ by p5cil l9es4 ,f9e gra94 ,illu/ration3 #aj #f4 ,,! ,,ambulatory1 ,,dore ,,abbey4 ,photograph pa9t$ 9 p>ts ) body-col\r4 ,! draw+s made 9 wa% by ,myrba* & ,rossi h set ! fa%ion = mu* rec5t illu/ration4 ,vignettes made ) a full bru% & r$uc$ to inf9itesimal proportions h ab\nd$ s9ce ! illu/rat$ editions ( ,t>t>9 ( ,t>ascon fir/ *>m$ ! eye2 b n[1 r$uc$ to ! common d5om9ator ( ! sixp5ny magaz9es1 !y h lo/ all ! qualities & reta9$ all ! defects ! fa%ion ev] _h4 ,! draw+ ( ,corfe ,railway ,/ation 0 made 9 wa%es ( ,indian ink ) a full bru%1 ea* successive wa% left to dry ?or\ghly be=e ! next 0 laid on4 ,p>ts are re9=c$ ) p5cil /rokes3 ^! c readily be id5tifi$ 9 ! pr9t4 ,! block 0 !n vignett$4 ,ano!r me?od is us$ = half-tone "w4 ,a photograph is m\nt$ ^u c>dbo>d1 & may be work$ ^u 9 bru%work ) body-col\r to any ext5t1 ei!r = light5+ ! picture or = mak+ x d>k]4 ,= work+ ^u ! ord9>y silv]-pr9t an admixture ( ox-gall mu/ be us$ or ! pigm5ts w n 8take0 ^u ! s5sitiz$ pap]4#a ,! illu/ration1 ,! ,ambulatory1 ,dore ,abbey1 is f a photograph1 work$ ^u 9 ?is mann]4 ,! photo 0 s d>k & indef9ite t some?+ 0 necess>y to be done to %[ ! spr++ ( ! ar*es & ! relation ( "o pi] to ano!r4 ,*9ese :ite 0 us$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 & ! ar*es outl9$ 9 places by scrat*+ ) ! %>p po9t ( a p5knife4 #a ,ref] to ,! ,real ,japan1 by ,h5ry ,norman4 ,fi%] ,unw91 #ahib4 ,! book is freely illu/rat$ ) half-tone blocks made f photographs4 ,! photographs 7 all ext5sively work$ ^u ) body-col\r 9 ?is mann]4 ,inde$1 ! bru%work may cle>ly be disc]n$ 9 ! reproductions4 ,t9t$ c>ds may be us$ 9 draw+ = half-tone1 b yell[ t9ts mu/ be avoid$1 = obvi\s photographic reasons2 & blue t9ts1 photographically1 are practically pure :ite4 ,if t9t$ c>dbo>d is us$ at all1 x %\ld be 9 t9ts ( grey or br[n4 ,illu/ration3 #ad #ab4 ,,moonlight3 ,,conflu5ce ,,( ,,! ,,sev]n ,,& ,,! ,,wye4 ,oil sket* on canvas 9 ,payne's grey4 ,half-tone process4 ,f9e gra94 ,a v satisfactory way ( work+ = half-tone is to "w 9 oil mono*rome4 ,! reproductions f oil sket*es come v well inde$ by half-tone processes3 full & vigor\s4 ,! photo-engrav] always objects to oil because ( its gloss1 b ?is c be obviat$ by mix+ y\r col\r ) turp5t9e or b5z9e1 :i* give a dull surface4 ,! sket* %[n on p4 #acj 0 made 9 ?is way4 ,x 0 a smoo?ly work$ sket*1 ) no aggressive bru%-m>ks1 b x may be not$ t bru%-m>ks come beautifully by ?is process3 if any?+1 r /rong] ?an 9 ! orig9al1 because ! %ad[s ca/ by !m reproduce z well4 ,b if y sket* 9 oils = reproduction1 be *>y ( vigor\s bru%work 9 :ite3 x comes unpleasantly prom95t 9 ! block4 ,9 giv+ in/ructions = ! reproduction1 & r$uction1 ( draw+s1 ! measurem5t 9 "o direction ( ! reproduction desir$ %\ld be pla9ly indicat$ ?us3 #d in*es 4 ,unless absolutely unavoidable1 draw+s %\ld n be s5t m>k$ 8 size10 8 scale10 & s on1 because ^! t]ms are apt to mislead4 ,p n accu/om$ to measurem5ts are v unc]ta9 9 _! und]/&+ ( !m1 &1 absurd z x may seem to ^? :o deal 9 m5suration1 !y v frequ5tly take scale & size z synonym\s t]ms2 :ile scale is really size1 & s on1 9 proportion4 ,illu/ration ,! proportions a draw+ w assume :5 r$uc$ may be asc]ta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,y h1 say1 a n>r[ upright draw+1 z %[n 9 ! above diagram1 & y want ! wid? r$uc$ to a c]ta9 measurem5t1 b hav+ m>k$ ?is (f are at a loss to "k :at height ! reproduction w be4 ,suppos+ x to be a p5-draw+1 vignett$1 z mo/ p5-draw+s are2 9 ! fir/ place1 light p5cil l9es t\*+ ! f>!/ projections ( ! draw+ %\ld be rul$ to ea* ( its f\r sides1 meet+ accurately at ! angles ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d4 ,?is frame be+ made1 a diagonal l9e %\ld be lightly rul$ f upp] to l[] corn]1 ei!r--z %[n--f ,b to ,c1 or f ,a to ,d4 ,! measurem5t ( ! propos$ r$uction %\ld !n be m>k$ (f ^u ! base l9e at ,e1 & a p]p5dicul> l9e rul$ f x to meet ! diagonal4 ,! po9t ( contact1 ,f1 gives ! height t 0 to be f\nd1 & a horizontal l9e f ,f to ,g completes ! diagram1 & gives ! correct proportions ( ! block to be made4 ,x w readily be se5 t l>ge copies ( small sket*es c be made 9 exact proportions by a fur!r application ( ! diagonal1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 to h all ^! l9es drawn scrupul\sly accurate1 because ! slighte/ deviation ?r[s ! proportions all out4 ,,/yles ,,& ,,mann]4 ,p5-draw+ is rul$ by exp$i5cy m1 p]haps1 ?an any art4 ,i %all n say t "o me?od is m "r ?an ano!r 9 ! managem5t ( textures1 or 9 ! elaboration or m]e sugge/ion ( detail1 = l9e "w is1 to beg9 )1 a purely arbitr>y r5d]+ ( tones4 ,!re is no?+ l l9e 9 nature4 ,take up an isolat$ brick2 x does n sugge/ l9e 9 any way4 ,build x up ) o!rs into a wall1 & y c 9 p5 & ink r5d] t wall 9 _m ways t w be equally conv9c+ & "r4 ,x may be express$ 9 t]ms ( splatt]-"w1 :i* c be made to repres5t admirably a wall :]e ! bricks h become weld$ into an homog5e\s mass1 individually indi/+ui%able by age1 or ( v]tical or horizontal l9es t may or may n take acc\nt ( ea* individual brick & ! jo9ts ( ! mort> t b9ds ! c\rses toge!r4 ,cros%at*+1 ?\gh a *eap exp$i5t & a decay+ conv5tion1 may be us$4 ,b to lose sight ( ord9>y atmosph]ic conditions is no m privileg$ 9 p5-"w ?an 9 pa9t4 ,?is is n by any means unnecess>y or untimely advice1 ?\gh x %\ld be4 ,! fact ( us+ a p5 in/ead ( a bru% does n emp[] anybody to play tricks ) ! sol> sy/em1 ?\gh "o sees x con/antly done4 ,"o cont9ually sees 9 p5-draw+ ! laws ( light & %ade set at naught1 & nobody says any?+ aga9/ x--p]haps x looks sm>t4 ,c]ta9ly ! effect is novel1 & novelty is a p[]ful factor 9 any?+4 ,b to draw a wall %9+ ) a /rong diffus$ light :i* ?r[s a great black %ad[1 is contr>y to art & nature bo?4 8,nature10 accord+ to ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 8may be #8creep+ up1' b %e has n rea*$ t po9t yet4 ,:5 "o sees suns sett+ beh9d ! ea/ ends ( ca!drals1 ) o!r vag>ies ( t sort1 "o simply classes su* ?+s ) t amus+ erratum ( ,mr4 ,rid] ,hagg>d's1 9 :i* he describes a %ip #8/eam+ out ( ! m\? ( ! ,?ames1 %ap+ h] c\rse t[>d ! r$ ball ( ! sett+ sun4'0 ,b ?\gh ! in/ance is amus+1 ! cu/om is apt to pall4 ,"s ( ! ,am]ican p5-draughtsm5 :o contribute to ! ,c5tury are exce$+ly clev]1 & _! h&l+ extremely p]sonal2 b aft] a "t ?is excessive p]sonality ceases to *>m1 &1 = "o ?+1 ^! "y bloods are curi\sly n>r[ 9 _! *oice ( ! ma/]s f :om !y are only too pleas$ to d]ive4 ,mr4 ,br5nan is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ curi\sly orig9al ( ^! m54 ,he is ! man :o has %[n mo/ conv9c+ly t ! ink$ ?umb is ! mo/ in/ant & effective in/rum5t :]e) to r5d] velvet 9 a p5-draw+4 ,y _c fail to be /ruck ) 8 me?od2 8 mann] is entirely p]sonal1 & yet1 aft] a "t1 x worries "o into intol]ance4 ,x is ! same ) t conv5tion1 f\nd$1 app>5tly1 by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,railton1 :i* has _h a long run ( "s n9e or t5 ye>s4 ,x 0 a conv5tion 9 pictorial ar*itecture t _h no?+ except a rem>kably novel te*nique to recomm5d x4 ,! illu/rator invit$ u r to see h[ 8pretty0 he c\ld r5d] an old build+1 ?an h[ ne>ly he c\ld %[ x u z x /ood4 ,he c\ld draw an elevation 9 a mann] curi\sly fem99e1 b he c\ld only repeat himself & 8 trees2 8 l&scapes 7 insults to ! imag9ation4 ,no?+ inspir$ him to a*ievem5ts beyond pictorial confection]y4 ,?is conv5tion has _h its day1 al?\gh 9 ! mean :ile s /rik+ly mann]$ 0 x t x appeal$ to almo/ all ! "y & undiscrim9at+ m5 ^: "w lay 9 ! r5d]+ ( pictorial ar*itecture4 8,g to10 said ! ,av]age ,arti/ 9 8! picturesque10 8,i w sit d[n & make a draw+ 9 ! mann] ( ,mr4 ,railton40 ,& he did1 g5]ally1 x may be obs]v$1 f a photograph1 & 9 ! undi/ract+ seclusion ( 8 own room4 ,?is sort ( arti/ic influ5za1 :i* ne>ly all ! y\ng] m5 caught at "o "t or ano!r1 0 v dang]\s to true art4 ,b x c\ld n possibly la/2 x 0 s res\rceless4 ,always we 7 invit$ to glance at ! same sky & an un*ang+ r5d]+ ( build+s1 :e!r old or new1 9 ! same condition ( suppos$ly picturesque decrepitude4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ?is mann]ism wore ! romantic air ( ! ,moat$ ,grange & radiat$ ,mrs4 ,radcliffe1 dungeons1 spectres1 & dea?1 :e!r ! subject 0 a ru9at$ ca/le or a new w>eh\se4 ,all ?is has gr[n (f5sive3 we want m sobriety4 ,?is apo!osis ( rag+ skies & fall+ smuts1 ( imp5d+ *imneys1 crumbl+ /ones1 & tott]+ walls 0 only a p]sonal mann]4 ,its imitators h r5d]$ x ridicul\s4 ,! *ief m]its ( su* topographical & ar*ological draw+s are t !y be tru?ful & rev]5t4 ,if art is ev] to approa* ! docum5t>y /age1 to be us$ z ! record ( facts1 x is 9 ?is matt]4 ,to flood ! c\ntry ) repres5tations ( old build+s t are n s mu* pictures ( !m z ex]cises 9 an exagg]at$ p]sonal mann]1 is to des]ve ill at ! h&s ( all :o w\ld h pres]v$ to !m ! appe>ance ( places t are pass+ away4 ,! illu/rations to su* books1 say1 z ,mr4 ,l(tie's ,inns ( ,c\rt or 8 ,we/m9/] ,abbey are ( no hi/oric or arti/ic value :atev]2 !y are m]ely essays 9 a wild & weird mann] ( :i* we are tir$ 9 ! orig9ator ( x2 :i* we loa! 9 ^? :o imitate its wor/ faults4 ,we require a sob] /yle 9 ?is "w1 aft] be+ drunk5 s long ) its s-call$ picturesqu5ess1 :i*1 rightly consid]$1 is b impressionism1 ill se5 & un9/ruct$4 ,no "o has ex]cis$ s admirable a me?od1 :e!r 9 l&scape1 9 portraiture1 or 9 ar*itecture1 z ,sir ,george ,reid1 b 8 "w is n readily accessible = ! /udy x invites4 ,x is s*ol>ly & expressive1 eloqu5t ( ! "* ( 8 subject1 free f r$undancies4 ,x is elaborate or sugge/ive on due occasion1 &1 al?\gh ! /yle is s di/+ui%$1 y always feel t e draw+ by ?is /yli/ is really & truly a repres5tation ( ! p]son1 place1 or ?+ he has drawn1 & n a m]e pretext = an individual h&l+2 no bragg>t assumption ( 8side40 ,! dang]s ( foll[+ 9 a slavi% mann] ! ecc5tricities ( well-kn[n m5 are exemplifi$ 9 ! "w ( ^? illu/rators :o ape ! :imsies ( ! impressioni/ ,degas4 ,:at ,degas may d may ne>ly always be in=m$ ) di/9ction1 b ! illu/rators :o reproduce1 n 8 g5ius1 b an out/&+ feature ( x1 are s+ul>ly n>r[4 ,if ,degas has pa9t$ a picture ( ! play ) ! or*e/ra 9 ! =egr\nd & ! bass-viol loom+ imm5sely up ?ree p>ts ( ! composition1 ! ?ird-rate impressioni/s also lug 9 a bass-viol2 if he has %[n a ballet-girl ) app>5tly only "o leg1 !y always draw "o-legg$ coryphes1 & rema9 incapable ( conceiv+ !m z bip$s4 ,caldecott is a dang]\s man to copy4 ,he 01 fir/ & la/1 a draughtsman1 & a draughtsman ^: e dot & l9e 7 eloqu5t4 ,!re is no te*nique t y c lay hold ( 9 8 "w1 b only *>act]ization1 :i* is m frequ5tly c>icature4 ,caldecott w\ld nev] h made a s]i\s illu/rator2 9 burlesque he 0 imm5se1 & no arti/ c\ld desire a bett] monum5t ?an 8 ,picture ,books4 ,8 reputation has fall5 greatly ( late1 not)/&+ ! delightful ,john ,gilp9 & ! o!rs ( t inimitable s]ies2 b 8 repute _h /ood high] to-day if 8 private lett]s to 8 fri5ds & o!r unconsid]$ trifles _h nev] be5 collect$ & publi%$1 gh\l-l1 aft] 8 dea?4 ,p&]+ to ! m>ket has almo/ kill$ ,caldecott's repute1 = ! undiscrim9at+ public 7 invit$ to admire reproductions ( ha/y sket*es nev] int5d$ = publicity4 ,!re is "* 9 ,mr4 ,phil ,may's "w1 & hum\r1 surpris+ly set =? ) a m>vell\s economy ( l9e4 ,8 is a gay & fe/ive muse1 t is mo/ at home :]e ! tide ( life runs /ronge/ & deepe/1 ) w9e-bubbles break+ 8mo/ notori\sly10 z ,mr4 ,kipl+ might say1 ^u its surface2 ) !atres1 music-halls1 & ,gaiety b>s rang$ along its banks 9 pr(usion4 ,!re is mu* human nature 9 ,mr4 ,may4 ,also 9 ,mr4 ,greiff5hag52 b a diff]5t k9d4 ,he has gone *iefly to ! b\doir & ! draw+-room = 8 subjects1 & has r5d]$ !m ) a resolute impressionism & a ?or\gh disc>d+ ( cross-hat* t make a la/+ impression ) ! behold]4 ,!re is a c]ta9 ,*ri/mas numb]1 #ahib1 ( ! ,lady's ,pictorial ) memorable draw+s by him2 !y are 9 wa% & li?ographic crayon1 b may only be not$ "h 9 pass+4 ,he has a gift ( novel1 unhackney$ composition1 & he sees ! figure = himself1 & draws x 9 ) a d>+ b "r & /rik+ mann]4 ,!re has aris5 ( late ye>s a s*ool ( illu/ration peculi>ly ,engli%--! s to call x 8,decorative ,s*ool40 ,x is a new & high] inc>nation ( ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t4 ,! bro!rhood did good "w1 n at all comm5surate ) ! am\nt ( att5tion x receiv$1 b beyond all praise 9 ! conv5tions x f\nd$2 &1 hi/orically consid]$1 ,rossetti & 8 fell[s are great1 & ,blake is great]1 because he 0 an inspir$ vision>y ) a k9k 9 8 bra91 out ( :i* fl[$ imag9+s ! mo/ gorge\s & orig9al4 ,b ! decorative m5 ( to-day are do+ ev5 bett] "w--mascul9e1 conv9c+1 racy ( ?is soil4 ,x is *iefly admirable because x gives u1 9 ^! days ( 8actuality10 ( photography1 & reproductions direct f photographs1 a new outlook ^u life4 ,engli% decorative illu/ration is1 ) b few exceptions1 possess$ ( a f9e romantic fancy1 poetic1 & at ! same "t heal?y & virile & em95tly sane1 & x w live4 ,!re is great hope = ! future ( ?is s*ool1 :ile ! import$ /yles ( ,vi]ge & ,rico & o!r ma/]s us$ to sunni] skies1 admirable beyond expression 9 _! own places1 droop & langui% 9 ! nor'-ea/]ly w9ds ( ,engl&1 & _! tradition becomes att5uat$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh s _m h&s4 ,_! desc5dants1 f ,abbey d[n to ,p5nell & ! :ole cr[d ( ^? :o love n wisely b too well1 h br\ght ^! f9e exotic conv5tions d[n to ! m]e/ %ad[s ( %ades4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane has1 any "t ^! la/ t5 ye>s1 be5 ! great ,apo/le ( ,decoration plus ,socialism4 ,x has be5 giv5 him 9 ?is wise to make 79 !ory7 ! lion to lie d[n ) ! lamb 7& yet = ! lamb to rema9 outside ! lion ) 8 de/9y ( mutton /ill 9 p]spective71 & he has proclaim$ 9 p>ables ! possibility ( mix+ oil & wat]4 ,he has p]petrat$ a c>toon = ! ,sociali/ic1 if n ,an>*i/1 ,fir/ ( ,may1 & !re9 he has /riv5 to decoratively treat ! ,briti% ,workman4 ,b al?\gh ,mr4 ,crane has a pretty trick ( decoration1 he 0 wor/$ 9 t b\t1 = ! ,briti% ,plumb] or ! ,iri% ,hodman is /ubborn mat]ial = decoration1 & _! sp\ses z fe/al nymphs are n conv9c+ visions4 ,aga91 he has a*iev$ a weird s]ies ( c>toons ^u ! walls ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,hall 9 praise ( ,democratic ,val\r1 9 :i* he has unsuccessfully attempt$ to conv5tionalize rescu+ firem5 & h]oic police4 ,su* brav]y des]v$ a bett] fate4 ,also ,mr4 ,crane has writt5 mu* revolution>y v]se 9 praise ( bro!rhood & equality1 & n[ he has accept$ ! ma/]%ip ( a ,gov]nm5tal art s*ool1 "u ! direction ( t n v revolution>y body1 ! ,committee ( ,c\ncil = ,education 7,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t74 ,decoration %\ld be made ( /]n] /uff6 ,8 indu/ry has be5 prodigi\s4 ,ev5 n[ a bibliography ( him is 9 ! mak+2 & yet %all x be said t x is difficult 9 ! great mass ( 8 "w to f9d _m items altoge!r satisfactory8 ,x may be fe>$ x is s4 ,= "o ?+1 8 anatomy is habitually at fault2 & yet has he n in=m$ an int]view] f ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette t long ye>s s9ce he _h ceas$ to draw f ! model8 ,t :eel )9 :eels1 ! s-call$ ,birm+ham ,s*ool1 is attract+ att5tion j n[1 & m5 beg9 to prophesy ( de$s f out ! midl&s4 ,b once ^u a "t !re 0 a ,newlyn ,s*ool1 0 !re n8 ,:]e is t p>ty n[8 ,its =emo/ memb]s h won to ! hon\rs ( ! ,royal ,academy1 & its mission is done4 ,b x is "t to talk ( s*ools :5 "w has be5 done4 ,( c\rse x is v logical t good "w %\ld come f ,birm+ham4 ,! s5se ( beauty is /rong] 9 ^? :o live 9 mid/ ( dirt & grime4 ,in/ance ! ,glasg[ s*ool ( impressioni/s4 ,b ! evid5ce ( ,birm+ham at pres5t is b a t\*+ foll[-on to ! /yles ( ,mr4 ,crane & ,mr4 ,sumn]1 & to ! ornam5t ( ,mr4 ,lewis ,day4 ,inde$1 ! decorative "w ( ! /ud5ts at ! ,national ,art ,tra9+ ,s*ools may be put 9 ! =mula ( "o-?ird ,crane1 & ! rema9+ two-?irds ,heywood ,sumn] & ,lewis ,day1 an amalgam ill-consid]$ & poorly wr\ght4 ,b inde$ ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumn]'s "w has a note ( di/9ction4 ,he does n confuse ,sociali/ propag&a ) ornam5t1 & is n always /riv+ to %[ ) emphasis ( l9e 9 p5 & ink t ,capital is ! natural enemy ( ,lab\r1 & t a silk hat on a ri* man's head may ju/ly be def9$ z s _m loaves ( bread 7or pots ( be]7 9 ! wrong place4 ,t is = ,mr4 ,crane & ,mr4 ,william ,morris to prove2 &1 really1 any?+ wick$ c be prov5 ( su* a hide\s object4 ,b ! onus ( br++ ! guilt home to x & ! we>] ( x does n produce good art4 ,inde$1 decorative art is n ca?olic2 x has no sort ( comm]ce ) ev]yday life or ) ! del9eation ( any times s rec5t z ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,victorian era4 ,its field lies only 9 poetic imag9+s1 9 fancy1 &1 mo/ emphatically1 n 9 fact4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,crane1 = in/ance1 takes to idealis+ ! h]oic acts ( policem51 ! impulse does cr$it to 8 he>t1 b ! results are n flatt]+ to 8 head4 ,=tunately he does n (t5 g ^! l5g?s1 & no "o else ( ! decorative idea has be5 equally c\rage\s1 save inde$ a ,mr4 ,be>dsley1 :o 8decoratively0 illu/rat$ ,orpheus at ! ,lyceum ,!atre2 & ^? illu/rations 9 ! ,pall ,mall ,budget1 ,m>* #af1 #ahic1 c]ta9ly 7 v dreadful4 ,an exception to ! g5]al beauty ( rec5t decorative "w is ! incompreh5sible & at ! same "t unlovely practice ( ?is ecc5tric4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,ricketts' "w1 al?\gh its mean+ may (t5 be s subtly symbolical t x is n to be und]/ood except by ! elect1--nev] )\t ! aid ( a gloss>y ( symbolism1--is always grac$ ) int]e/+ te*nicalities1 & 8 draughtsman%ip is ( ! da9tie/2 b :at ( mean+ is convey$ to ! m9d & :at ( beauty to ! eye 9 ?is "w ( ,mr4 ,be>dsley's1 t has be5 some:at spok5 ( lately8 ,x has imag9ation c]ta9ly1 b morbid & neurotic1 ) a sav\r ( ,be?lehem ,hospital & ! *>nel-h\se2 x is ecc5tric app>5tly ) an ecc5tricity t clo!s bad draughtsman%ip1 & incongru\s ) an incongruity t sugge/s ! un9/ruct$ en?usiasm ( ! prov9cial m9d4 ,x exhibits a pat*work-quilt k9d ( eclecticism1 born ( a fleet+ glance at ,dur]2 ( a nodd+ acqua9tance ) all prom95t mod]n decoration & an irrelevant s\pon ( ,r5aissance ornam5t2 l ! "w ( a li?ographic draughtsman1 a design] ( bill-heads1 roam+ fancy free4 ,! practice ( ,mr4 ,selwyn ,image has a devotional & m$itative ca/4 ,he has made "s rem>kable draw+s = ! ,hobby ,horse 9 ! mann] ( ! missal-pa9t]s1 bo? 9 _s & execution1 & he /eadfa/ly keeps ! art ( ! monki% scriptorium 9 view1 & seems to e*o ! s5tim5ts ( ! raptur\s maid5s 9 ,pati5ce1 8,let u be ,e>ly ,engli% ere x is too late40 ,& he is ,e>ly ,engli% to excell5t purpose4 ,x is a gross error to hold t decorative art is impossible "u pres5t social conditions1 & unp>donable to attempt to l9k decoration & design to ,sociali/ propag&a4 ,art ( all possible application nev] fl\ri%$ s well z "u ! feudal sy/em1 & nev] sank s l[ z x did :5 ,democracy & ! ,tr\s] came 9 toge!r4 ,! great advantages ( ,art ov] ,photography are its p]sonal qualities4 ,! cam]a is imp]sonal1 & w ev] be a sci5tific in/rum5t4 ,y c1 l ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,rob9son1 pose figures1 & ) a comb9ation ( negatives concoct a composition :i* is "s sort ( c\s9-g]man to a picture2 b if y c d all ?is1 y might g a little f>!r & make a picture )\t ! aid ( a cam]a4 ,x w\ld be p]sonal1 &1 )\t a signature1 sign$ all ov] ) ! unmi/akable m>k ( /yle or mann]1 l ,con/able's pa9t+s4 ,x seems unlikely t any me*anical processes1 save ! /rictly autographic1 :i* reproduce l9e1 w be ( p]man5t arti/ic value4 ,no photogravure w be s\ght = & priz$ 9 ye>s to come z ! old et*+s & mezzot9ts are valu$4 ,^? elaborate photogravure plates f popul> or arti/ic pictures 7! t]ms are n synonym\s7 :i* cr[d ! pr9t-sell]s' %ops to-day1 at five or t5 gu9eas1 w n long h5ce be acc\nt$ de> at s _m %ill+s1 simply because !y lack ! p]sonal note4 ,mean:ile1 mezzot9ts & et*+s1 o!r ?an ! 8comm]cial0 et*+1 w become inv]sely exp5sive4 ,9 t bracki% flood ( 8bitt] cries0 to :i* we h be5 subject$ ( late ye>s1 ! wail ( ! wood-engrav] 0 easily to be di/+ui%$1 & we he>d t 8 occupation 0 gone4 ,b has x8 ,no1 nor w x g4 ,no t9t nor half-tone process c ev] r5d] suffici5tly well ! wa% draw+s t ! be/ engrav]s r5d] s admirably1 ) an entire subjection ( _! own individuality un?\ght ( tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,! wood-engrav]1 z "o :o imposes re/rictions ^u te*nique1 has _h 8 day2 b z a consci5ti\s & skilful workman1 :o r5d]s fai?fully ! p]sonality ( ! arti/ he engraves1 he fl\ri%es1 & w cont9ue to fl\ri%4 ,o!rwise1 !re is no hope = him1 let ,mr4 ,l9ton say :at he w4 ,he w rema9 because he c pres]ve ! p]sonal note4 ,half-tone processes are z tricky z ,puck & z incon/ant4 ,y nev] "k ! exact result y w get f any giv5 draw+4 ,half a doz5 blocks f ! same draw+ w give1 ea* "o1 a diff]5t result1 because s mu* dep5ds ^u ! fraction ( a second1 m or less1 9 mak+ ! negative2 b all ( !m agree 9 pres5t+ an aspect simil> to t obta9$ on look+ ?r\gh ! wire bl9d ( "s ,phili/9e w9d[ ^u ! /reet4 ,9 all cases ! edge1 ! poignancy ( ! subject1 is tak5 (f1 &1 9 ! case ( ! process-block1 sev]al int]m$iate tones g z well1 )1 frequ5tly1 ! result ( an unnatural light+ 8t nev] 0 on l& or sea10 & x may be hop$ nev] w be4 ,no d\bt half-tone processes w cont9ue to be m & m widely us$1 *iefly because !y are sev]al times *eap] ?an a good wood engrav+1 & because1 s f> z m]e docum5t>y evid5ce goes1 !y are good en\gh = illu/rat$ j\rnalism4 ,b = bookwork1 = any?+ t is n calculat$ = an ephem]al consid]ation1 half-tone processes are only to be us$ ) ! mo/ jeal\s c>e4 ,z reg>ds ! half-tone processes employ$ to reproduce photographs1 ,i take leave to say t no "o w1 a hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 prize !m = any quality4 ,! necess>y reticulation ( _! surface subtracts f !m some?+ ( ! docum5t>y value ( ! photograph1 &1 d]iv+ directly f photographs1 !y h no p]sonal or arti/ic int]e/4 ,b _! pres5t use t\*es ! pr(essional draughtsman ne>ly1 = 9 illu/rat$ j\rnalism half-tone is v frequ5tly us$ 9 reproduc+ photographs ( places & p )\t ! aid ( ! arti/1 & x is no consolation = a man :o f9ds 8 occupation go+ = him to consid] t ^! direct photographic processes h no p]man5t int]e/4 ,x is ! new v]sion ( ! old tale ( ! /age-coa* v]sus ! railway eng9e1 to 8 m9d1 & he is apt to ?9k t z a craftsman he is fa/ foll[+ ! wood-engrav]4 ,b x is safe to say t al?\gh ! m$iocrities w suff]1 or be =c$1 l ! m9iature-pa9t] :o turn$ dagu]rotypi/ & !n blossom$ =? z a photograph]1 to /udy practical evolution1 ! arti/s ( /yle & di/9ction w r ga9 ?an lose by a fur!r popul>ity ( *eap photographic blocks4 ,! illu/rat$ pap]s & magaz9es w n be s freely op5 to !m z be=e1 b 9 ! illu/ration ( books w lie _! *ief field1 & :o kn[s b t by su* a "t ! p5-draw+ & ! draw+ 9 wa% w h won at la/ to ! picture-frame & ! art gall]ies4 ,!re's di/9ction = y6 ,s mu* to %[ ! value ( p]sonality4 ,/ill x rema9s t1 al?\gh ! p]sonal elem5t w always be valu$1 ! fact--to p>aphrase a s\nd+ ,rusk9ian ana!ma--gives no reason = fl++ y\r id5tity 9 ! face ( y\r contempor>ies1 or ev5 ( po/]ity 7?is la/ a long %ot :i* few1 ) all ! w 9 ! _w1 w be able to a*ieve74 ,y may be />tl+ly orig9al & brilliant 9 te*nique1 & be receiv$ ) ! acclaim t always awaits a novelty2 b if y\r p]sonality be s exagg]at$ t y all[ x to ov]ride ! due pres5tm5t ( y\r subject1 :y1 !n1 y\r plaudits w n be ( v long cont9uance4 ,,pa9t]s' ,,p5-,,draw+s4 ,x is to ! pa9t]s t we owe "s curi\s & orig9al effects 9 p5-draw+1 t no pr(essional p5-draughtsman :o has /udi$ ! sci5ce ( reproduction c\ld h giv5 u1 h[ev] indep5d5t 8 attitude t[>ds process4 ,illu/ration3 #g #e4 ,,pa/urage4 ,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,h>tley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,mr4 ,,bonnat1 ,,by ,,himself4 ,pa9t]s :o h kn[n no?+ :atev] ( processes h f "t to "t be5 call$ ^u to make p5-draw+s f _! pa9t+s = reproduction 9 illu/rat$ exhibition catalogues1 & _! draw+s h frequ5tly be5 bo? ( ! mo/ ludicr\sly impossible "* f ! process po9t ( view1 & bad f ! indep5d5t p5man's /&po9t4 ,b a p]c5tage ( ?is pa9t]s' p5-"w1 done z x 0 ) a free h& & an unprejudic$ bra91 is curi\sly in/ructive4 ,a v great numb] ( pa9t]s' p5-draw+s h be5 made up to )9 ! la/ few ye>s 7s9ce :i* "t half-tone process blocks produc$ f photos ( _! pictures h sup]s$$ !m71 & pa9t]s h 9 no small measure help$ to advance ! sci5ce ( process-"w1 m]ely by reason ( ! difficulty ( reproduc+ _! draw+s adequately1 & ! consequ5t r5ew$ ef=ts ( ! process-man t[>d ! adequate translation ( _! frequ5tly untranslateable qualities4 ,! grav] has be5 press$ into ! s]vice ( process p>tly on _! acc\nt1 & ! r\lette has be5 us$ freely to assuage ! crudities result+ on ! block f draw+s utt]ly unsuitable = /raight-away process+4 ,9 ?is connection half-tone processes h done ine/imable h>m1 =1 to-day1 ! catalogues & ! illu/rat$ pap]s are fill$ ) photographic reproductions ( pa9t+s :]e 9 o!r days autographic sket*es by ! pa9t]s !mselves 7 us$ to give a value t is n[ lack+ to ^! records ( exhibitions4 ,!y h frequ5tly a heavy h&1 ^! pa9t]s1 & are prodigal ( _! ink2 moreov]1 !y h n ! p>alyz+ dread ( an immaculate %eet ( :ite c>dbo>d t seizes ^u ! black-&-:ite man 7s to call ! illu/rator71 :o is br\ght up ) ! fe> ( ! process-man be=e him4 ,?us y w f9d ,mr4 ,wyllie make p5-sket*es f 8 pictures ) a ma/]ful h&1 & a p5 7app>5tly a quill7 t plumbs ! deepe/ dep?s ( ! inkpot1 & produces a robu/i\s draw+ t wr+s conviction out ( "o by ! ?ickness & surety ( its l9es2 or aga91 ,mr4 ,blake ,wirgman %[s equal vig\r & directness ) portraits 9 p5-&-ink1 replicas 9 little ( 8 oil-pa9t+s4 ,"o c\ld desire no?+ m mascul9e ?an ! accompany+ illu/ration f 8 h&4 ,illu/ration3 #ah #aj4 ,,t[+ ,,pa?1 ,,ab+don4 ,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,david ,murray4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,portrait ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,by ,,mr4 ,t4 ,,blake ,,wirgman4 ,a /rik+ exception to ^! is se5 9 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,h>tley's draw+ ( a pa/urage4 ,x is full ( t5d]1 pe>ly greys1 & is drawn ) ! lighte/ ( h&s1 b ) a peculi> disposition ( p5-/rokes t no pr(essional p5-draughtsman w\ld employ1 because ( 8 con/ant c>e to give ! process-man ! easie/ ( problems4 ,& ! autocrat ( ! rock+-ba? & ! et*+-room w\ld veto su* "w z ?is2 yet1 y w obs]ve1 x comes excell5tly well by ! ord9>y z9c processes4 ,b ) ,mr4 ,david ,murray's l>ge p5-draw+ x 0 ano!r matt]4 ,! greyness ( ! ink ) :i* x 0 drawn & ! extreme t5uity ( its l9es r5d]$ x impossible ( adequate reproduction except by ! swell$ gelat9e process :i* has be5 employ$4 ,! result is admirable2 all ! f9e grey l9es 9 ! sky are reproduc$ & give an excell5t effect4 ,! portrait ( ! pa9t]1 ,mr4 ,bonnat1 by himself1 is "o ( ! mo/ sugge/ive p5-draw+s t c be f\nd any:]e4 ,x %[s :at admirable effects ( light & %ade & modell+ c be obta9$ ev5 ) ! heavy h&1 & x is wor?y c>eful /udy4 ,un=tunately ! illu/rations 9 ! long s]ies ( ,academy ,notes1 9 :i* s _m autographic sket*es by pa9t]s appe>1 are almo/ useless = /udy & comp>ison1 because ( ! extreme r$uction to :i* !y h be5 subject$4 ,?is is greatly to be deplor$1 = ! t5d5cy ( ! times is m & m t[>ds draw+ = ! limitations ( process1 n only 9 j\rnalism1 b 9 ! m p]man5t illu/rations ( magaz9es & books4 ,all ?is t5ds to br+ ab\t a h>d & =mal l9e1 to e/abli% a dry & unsatisfactory academic mann]1 ( :i* ! pa9t]'s p5 sket*es are ! v anti!sis4 ,x is always well to rememb] t ! only valid reason :y process %\ld live is t x enables ! draughtsman to live 8 life at fir/ h&2 t is ! fir/ & la/ argum5t 9 fav\r ( mod]n me?ods ( reproduction4 ,illu/ration ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,london ,,& ,,beccles4 ,,reeves ,,sons1 ,ltd41 ,,supply ,,arti/s ,,) ,,all ,,requisites ,,= ,,process4 ,,special ,,catalogue ,,9 ,,! ,,press4 ,telegraphic ,address1 8,likajoko1 ,london40 #bc1 ,,/4 ,,edmund',s ,,t]race1 ,,reg5t',s ,,p>k4 ,london1 ,n4,w4 ,nov #af? #ahic4 #ahi ,illu/ration3 ,h>ry ,furniss's ,illu/rat$ ,weekly ,london ,lett] ,appe>+ 9 ,de> ,sirs1 ,/ ,james's ,budget ,aft] work+ exclusively ) y\r 8,arti/'s ,london4 ,black0 ,ink = "s weeks ,i h great pleasure 9 te/ify+ to its excell5ce2 inde$ x is j ,new ,york ,_w :at is want$ by black & :ite arti/s n[ t !y h to "w almo/ solely = process4 ,weekly ,scotsman ,fai?fully y\rs1 ,york%ire ,h>ry ,furniss ,weekly ,po/4 ,liv]pool ,weekly ,po/4 ,nott+ham%ire ,gu>dian4 ,s\? ,wales ,daily ,news4 ,be/ ,anglian ,news ,messrs ,reeves ,sons4 & 9 ,au/ralia1 ,india1 ,! ,cape1 c4 ,no ,ag5ts4 ,all ,communications direct4 ,all ,rights ,res]v$4 ,,reeves ,,sons1 ,ltd41 #aac1 ,*eapside1 ,london2 #h1 ,exhibition ,rd41 ,s4 ,k5s+ton2 & #ai1 ,l[] ,phillimore ,place1 ,k5s+ton4 ,london ,bo>ds4 ,crayons ( all ,:atman ,descriptions4 ,bo>ds4 ,gillott's ,reeves' ,m ,p5s4 ,bo>ds4 ,/umps4 ,bri/ol ,bo>ds4 ,reeves' ,black ,:ite ,sable ,bo>ds4 ,bru%es4 ,gillot ,pap]s4 ,pyramid ,pap]s4 ,,reeves' ,,arti/s' ,,black1 ,,fix$ ,,arti/s' ,,black1 ,,fix$ ,,indian ,,ink1 ,,& ,,ebony ,,/a9 ,,9 ,,bottles4 ,arti/s' ,black1 9 ,tubes1 ,pans1 & ,/icks4 ,,reeves' ,,*9ese ,,:ite4 8,! be/ ,i h ev] us$40--,,dudley ,,h>dy4 ,,photo-,,engrav]s ,,by ,,all ,,! ,,late/ ,,processes4 ,,h>e ,,co41 ,ltd41 #ba1 ,essex ,/reet1 ,/r&1 ,,london4 ,,s5d ,,= ,,samples4 ,e/abli%$ a ,qu>t] ,c5tury #c1 ,ludgate ,circus ,build+s4 #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahid4 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,illu/ration ,,bus9ess is conduct$ n[adays on _m diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,ours is to supply only ! highe/ class ( arti/ic engrav+ ( e description at ! l[e/ price admitt+ ( fair paym5t to all conc]n$ 9 its production4 ,all special me?ods are )9 our scope1 & w be employ$ :5 call$ = by ! exceptional requirem5ts ( any ord] entru/$ to u4 ,,swell$ ,,gelat9e ,,photo-,,relief ,,blocks4 ,wax ,engrav+s ( ,maps1 ,diagrams1 c4 ,,photogravure ,,intaglio ,,plates4 ,,wat]l[ ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,photographic ,art ,pr9t]s & ,engrav]s1 ,,f9sbury ,,works1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,photo-,z9cography4 ,photo-,li?ography4 ,photo-,me*anical ,pr9t+4 ,collotype4--,h& & ,ma*9e ,pr9t+ = ,art ,publications1 ,sci5tific & ,antiqu>ian ,p]iodicals1 ,ma*9]y1 ,l&scapes1 ,portraits1 ,pott]y1 ,furniture ,designs1 ,trade ,adv]tisem5ts1 c4 ,! sup]ior results giv5 by ?is process1 & ! rapidity & *eapness by :i* ! pr9ts are produc$1 toge!r ) ! advantage ( pr9t+ ) or )\t m>g9s1 place x 9 ! fir/ rank ( processes = comm]cial purposes4 ,,messrs4 ,,wat]l[ ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 h giv5 ?is bran* ( ! ,photo-,pr9t+ ,dep>tm5t special facilities = ! production ( good "w1 & h introduc$ ! mo/ p]fect ma*9]y & plant obta9able4 ,woodbury ,pr9ts4--,high-class p]man5t copies1 equal 9 appe>ance to ! be/ ,silv] ,pr9ts1 ( ,portraits1 ,l&scapes1 ,furniture1 ,pott]y1 c4 ,pr9ts may be obta9$ 9 almo/ any col\r f ,cu/om]s' own ,negatives1 or f ! orig9al objects4 ,^! reproductions are specially suitable = ,portrait "w1 & are valuable = e description ( ,arti/ic or ,comm]cial ,illu/rations4 ,photo-,b9co ,engrav+4--,blocks = ,surface ,pr9t+1 f ,l9e & ,gra9$-pap] ,draw+s1 ,/eel & ,copp] ,plates1 ,wood ,engrav+s1 c41 c4 ,lett]-press ,blocks 9 8,half-t9t0 7/ipple or dot7 direct f ,photographs f ,nature1 )\t draw+4 ,accurately regi/]$ ,blocks = ,*romographic ,pr9t+4 ,intaglio ,engrav+ 9 ,l9e & ,half-tone on ,copp] & ,z9c4 ,! greate/ c>e & skill is employ$ 9 ! production ( ^! ,blocks1 & ! results are ! f9e/ :i* x is possible to obta94 ,! new & ext5sive ,photographic ,works be+ fitt$ ) ,mod]n ,appliances1 ,ma*9]y1 ,electric ,light+1 c41 rapid & accurate "w is always obta9able1 irrespective ( wea!r or season4 ,,price ,,li/s1 ,,e/imates1 & full p>ticul>s on application4 ,,wat]l[ ,,sons1 ,limit$1 ,f9sbury ,works1 ,e4,c4 ,,art ,,publications ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,design4 ,an advanc$ ,text-book on ,decorative ,design4 ,be+ a sequel to ! ,au?or's 8,lessons on ,decorative ,design40 ,by ,,frank ,g4 ,,jackson4 ,) #gjj ,illu/rations4 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,design4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,g4 ,,hatton1 ,durham ,college ( ,sci5ce4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,egyptian ,,art4 ,by ,,*>les ,,ryan1 late ,head ,ma/] ( ! ,v5tnor ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,) #ef ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,/reet ,,( ,,human ,,habitations4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,ray ,s4 ,,l9eham4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,elem5t>y ,,art ,,tea*+4 ,by ,,edw>d ,r4 ,,taylor1 ,head ,ma/] ( ,birm+ham ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,) ov] #fjj ,diagrams & ,examples4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,ornam5t4 ,by ,,james ,,w>d4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,,ait*ison1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,elem5t>y ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,ornam5t4 ,by ,,james ,,w>d1 ,head ,ma/] ( ! ,macclesfield ,s*ool ( ,art4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,sciography2 or1 ,p>allel & ,radial ,projection ( ,%ad[s4 ,be+ a ,c\rse ( ,ex]cises = ! use ( ,/ud5ts 9 ,ar*itectural & ,eng9e]+ ,draw+1 & = ,c&idates prep>+ = ! ,exam9ations 9 ?is subject & 9 ,?ird ,grade ,p]spective conduct$ by ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,pratt4 ,) num]\s ,plates4 ,oblong #dto4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,wood-,,c>v+ ,,9 ,,practice ,,& ,,!ory1 z appli$ to ! ,home ,arts1 ) ,notes on ,design hav+ ,special ,application to ,c>v$ ,wood 9 ,diff]5t ,/yles4 ,by ,,fran,,ois ,,l\is ,,s*au]mann4 ,preface by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,) #abd ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,decorative ,,design4 ,an ,elem5t>y ,text-book ( ,pr9ciples & ,practice4 ,by ,f4 ,g4 ,,jackson4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,h&book ,,( ,,p]spective4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,,james1 ,m4,a4 ,cantab4 ,) #ge ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,life ,,9 ,,anci5t ,,egypt ,,& ,,assyria4 ,by ,g4 ,,masp,,ro4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,p4 ,,morton4 ,) #ahh ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,raphael3 ,8 ,life1 ,works1 & ,times4 ,by ,,eug5e ,,muntz4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #bes4 ,,t5 ,,lectures ,,on ,,art4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,poynt]1 ,r4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,! ,,sculptor ,,& ,,art ,,/ud5t',s ,,guide to ! ,proportions ( ! ,human ,=m1 ) ,measurem5ts 9 feet & in*es ( ,full-,gr[n ,figures ( ,bo? ,sexes & ( ,v>i\s ,ages4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,,wright4 ,plates reproduc$ by ,j4 ,,sutcliffe4 ,oblong ,folio4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,hi/oric ,,ornam5t4 ,by ,g4 ,,r$grave4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,,r$grave4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 ,,! ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,/yles4 ,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,ornam5tal ,art4 ,by ,r4 ,n4 ,,wornum4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,royal #hvo4 #hs4 ,,! ,,my?ology ,,( ,,greece ,,& ,,rome1 ) ,special ,ref]5ce to its ,use 9 ,art4 ,f ! ,g]man4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,,bian*i4 #fd ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,g4 ,,p]rot & ,c4 ,,*ipiez4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art ,,9 ,,greece4 ,) ab\t #ejj ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art ,,9 ,,ph,,nicia1 ,,cyprus1 ,,& ,,asia ,,m9or4 #ejj ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #dbs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,art ,,9 ,,anci5t ,,egypt4 ,) #faf ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #dbs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,art ,,9 ,,*ald,a ,,& ,,assyria4 ,) #deb ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #dbs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art ,,9 ,,s>d9ia1 ,,jud,a1 ,,syria1 ,,& ,,asia ,,m9or4 ,) #cie ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #cfs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art ,,9 ,,p]sia4 ,) #bed ,illu/rations1 & #ab ,/eel & ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #bas4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,art ,,9 ,,phrygia-,,lydia ,,& ,,c>ia-,,lycia4 ,) #bhj ,illu/rations4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 #aes4 ,,london3 ,,*apman ,,hall1 ,,ld4