,,dea? ,,& ,,resurrection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gu/af ,,johan ,,bj,,rklund ,dea? & ,resurrection ,,f ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,cell-,,!ory ,,by ,,gu/af ,,bj,,rklund ,translat$ f ! ,sw$i% by ,j4 ,e4 ,,fries ,*icago ,,! ,,op5 ,,c\rt ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,london ,,ag5ts ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5*1 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aiaj ,copyright by ,,! ,,op5 ,,c\rt ,,publi%+ ,,co4 #aiaj ,,publi%]s' ,,preface4 ,nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght has ! int]e/ 9 ! s\l & its immortality be5 great] & ke5] ?an n[4 ,! lead+ inve/igators ( ! ,society ( ,psy*ical ,rese>* h tak5 up ! problem ( enquir+ into ! facts ( spiritual exp]i5ces1 telepa?y1 =ebod+s & k9dr$ ph5om5a4 ,! result has be5 r negative1 =1 :ile we h receiv$ innum]able s+le facts1 !y all suff] f ! common fault t !y are too subjective 9 _! nature to furni% a pro( t c\ld be objectively valid4 ,moreov]1 _m reports come f witnesses ^: m5tal con/itution is "u ! suspicion ( be+ pa?ological1 & s _! value is practically null4 ,( mu* great] importance w\ld be an inve/igation z to ! possibility ( immortality on ! basis ( sci5tific data1 b1 /range to say1 ?is me?od has be5 almo/ entirely lo/ sight ( by lead]s ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 ,if we c\ld =m a def9ite !ory z to ! nature ( ! s\l bas$ on exact obs]vation1 we w\ld be enabl$1 fir/1 to expla9 man's in/9ctive ye>n+ = immortality2 &1 secondly1 to =m a def9ite idea ( ! condition ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,?us we c\ld exclude all ! _m mi/akes :i* are n[ made1 & :i* orig9ate ?r\gh an errone\s & p>tly sup]/iti\s notion ( ! relation ( ! dead to ! liv+4 ,! result is %[n 9 ! reports ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r41 ab\nd+ 9 /atem5ts ( gho/ /ories1 :i* c be reg>d$ only z a cont9uation ( folk-lore4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! "w ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 has s f> provid$ v little help t[>d a bett] compreh5sion ( immortality4 ,among ! m5 :o h done ! "w ( a sympa!tic recon/ruction ( ! idea ( immortality on ! basis ( sci5ce1 !re is to be m5tion$1 next to ,fe*n]1 ,gu/ave ,bjrklund1 a ,sw$i% sci5ti/ :o is well kn[n 9 8 own c\ntry1 b :o has be5 almo/ entirely ignor$ 9 o!r l&s4 ,! obvi\s reason ( ?is is ! inaccessibility ( 8 writ+s1 :i* h n yet be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,we d n believe ,bjrklund's solution is ! "r "o1 b we d believe t he has made a contribution to ! philosophy ( religion :i* ought n to be ignor$4 ,8 case is simil> to ,fe*n]'s4 ,we h publi%$ ,fe*n]'s book ,on ,life ,aft] ,dea? & we are glad to pres5t ! views ( ,bjrklund on ,dea? & ,resurrection4 ,dr4 ,c>us has sket*$ 8 views repeat$ly 9 ,! ,s\l ( ,man1 9 ,:5ce & ,:i!r1 & two articles publi%$ 9 ,! ,moni/1 ) special ref]5ce to ,fe*n]4 ,!y %[ also :y ,bjrklund's belief is unacceptable4 ,nev]!less we publi% ,bjrklund's book because we he>tily sympa?ize ) 8 endeavor to ju/ify ^? s5tim5ts :i* in/9ctively po9t out t dea? is n a f9ality1 & t ! purpose ( life is n limit$ to ! span ( our days betwe5 ! cradle & ! grave1 b t x has a fur!r & full] significance4 ,we hope t ,bjrklund's book w be welcom$ z ! contribution ( an e>ne/ & prom95t sci5tific ?9k] on ! important "q1 8,if a man die1 %all he live aga980 ,,! ,,publi%]s4 ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,johan ,gu/af ,bjrklund 0 born ! t5? ( ,novemb]1 9 ! ye> #ahdf4 ,8 p>5ts 7 f>m]s 9 v small circum/ances4 ,8 fa!r seems to h be5 end[$ ) a good bus9ess head &1 ultimately1 became a real e/ate own] on a small scale1 fir/ 9 "o city & !n 9 ,upsala1 ! pr9cipal univ]sity t[n ( ,sw$54 ,pov]ty 0 famili> to ,bjrklund ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,d\btless "o reason = ?is 0 t 8 consum+ int]e/ 9 sociology & philosophy prev5t$ him f tak+ ^? high] exam9ations1 :i* 9 ,sw$5 are indisp5sable = obta9+ any (ficial position4 ,he /udi$1 h[ev]1 = sev]al ye>s at ! ,univ]sity ( ,upsala1 b foll[$ no recogniz$ c\rse1 & x 0 only because ( ! ard5t p]suasion ( 8 fri5ds t he took a degree z ,b4 ,a4 ,9 #ahhd1 ,bjrklund mov$ to ,/ockholm1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea?1 9 #aijc4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,/ockholm1 he took ! c\rses 9 biology & natural sci5ce1 & won = himself ! admiration & la/+ fri5d%ip ( _m ( ! pr(essors ( t in/itution4 ,dur+ ?is "t he ma9ly support$ himself by tea*+ philosophy1 & among o!r pupils1 aft]w>d r5[n$1 0 ,ell5 ,key1 ! well-kn[n ,sw$i% writ] on sociology & ! woman "q4 ,! mo/ absorb+ int]e/s dur+ ?is p]iod 71 h[ev]1 sociology & ! peace movem5t4 ,to broad5 8 views & /udy social conditions 9 g5]al1 ,bjrklund und]took sev]al protract$ j\rneys to ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 & ,france4 ,f #ahhg1 ,bjrklund began to publi% ! fruits ( 8 untir+ labor4 ,8 fir/ "w 01 8,! ,fusion ( ! ,nations40 ,9 t1 z 9 8,! ,an>*y ( ,evolution0 & 8,peace & ,dis>mam5t10 ,bjrklund ?r[s 8 ov]:elm+ly conv9c+ /ati/ical res\rces & solid sci5tific le>n+ 9 favor ( an ultimate univ]sal1 b m especially ,european union ( ! nations4 ,t[>d ?is goal x is necess>y to /e]1 accord+ to ,bjrklund1 if a g5]al 8,an>*y ( ,evolution0 is to be avoid$2 = t is ! condition t w prevail1 if ! /ate neglects to c>ry out an organization ( society t %all keep /ep ) ! degree ( mat]ial culture rea*$4 8,because dur+ ! mo/ pr(\nd peace1 a nation suff]s f its own army ! same imp$+ influ5ces t 9 "t ( w> is due to ! ho/ile army40 ,! la/ m5tion$ book1 8,peace & ,dis>mam5t10 at once made ,bjrklund fam\s4 ,x 0 translat$ into ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,engli%1 ,poli%1 ,dut*1 ,hung>ian & sev]al o!r languages1 & w\ld no d\bt h br\ght its au?or a ,nobel prize1 _h x appe>$ fifte5 ye>s lat]4 ,bjrklund 0 n[ elect$ an honor>y memb] ( ! ,sw$i% ,peace ,society4 ,at ! ,peace ,congress 9 ,b]n 7#ahib7 8 treatise1 8,! ,arm$ ,peace10 0 di/ribut$ 9 ,engli%1 ,g]man & ,fr5*1 & ! ,italian ,society1 8,unione ,op]aia ,umb]to ,i10 subsequ5tly elect$ him an honor>y memb]4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s ,bjrklund devot$ less "t to active "w 9 ! univ]sal peace movem5t4 ,he became m absorb$ 9 sci5tific rese>* & ! problems ( philosophy4 ,an important impulse to 8 lat] developm5t1 he receiv$ f a book1 8,significance ( ,segm5tation 9 ! ,organic ,_w0 7,/ockholm1 #ahij74 ,"h he 0 br\ght to s]i\s consid]ation ( ! nature ( ! cell & ( its place 9 life4 ,9 ! organization ( ! cells 9 a human body ,bjrklund saw an example ( a univ]sal law1 gov]n+ all life4 ,) ?is ?\ght z a />t+ po9t1 he und]took to inve/igate ! problem1 all-important to 8 philosophy1 ( ! awak5+ ( self-consci\sness 9 a cell-organization & ! relation%ip betwe5 ?is newborn ego & ! cells !mselves1 ea* ( :i*1 to a c]ta9 degree1 leads an indep5d5t life4 ,! result ( 8 /udies 0 fir/ made kn[n 9 #ahid 9 a treatise1 8,! ,relation ,betwe5 ,s\l & ,body f a ,cytologic ,po9t ( ,view40 ,9 ! ye> #aijj1 he publi%$ ! volume h]e) pres5t$ to ! ,am]ican public1 9 :i* he has p>tly rewritt5 ! =m] book1 & fur!r add$ 8 late/ conceptions ( ! nature & evolution ( life4 ,?is "w is und\bt$ly "o ( ,sw$5's mo/ rem>kable & int]e/+ contributions to contempor>y philosophy4 ,x is also ! la/ "w f ,gu/af ,bjrklund's h&4 ,9 ,july1 #aijc1 8 e>?ly exi/5ce 0 br\ght to an end1 & he 0 8fully translat$0 to t spiritual _w1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* he 0 s ?or\ghly conv9c$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is true t ! philosophical /ructure t ,bjrklund s successfully comm5c$ to upbuild is f> f complete4 ,b ! basis he laid is solid & w s]ve z a f\ndation = _m temples ( ! future1 :e!r !y :o wor%ip !re9 believe 9 ,bjrklund's ,god or n4 ,?is f\ndation is ! fact ov]:elm+ly prov$ by ,bjrklund1 t life is n a quality 9 matt] or physical =ce1 b mu/ be ( immat]ial orig9 & sub/ance4 ,grant+ t "t z well z space are =ms 9 :i* matt] & physical =ce are compreh5d$ by man on 8 e>?ly /age ( consci\sness1 ,bjrklund has also demon/rat$ ! immortality ( life4 ,= if life be a reality1 :i* is n "h d5i$1 ) no roots 9 matt] or physical =ce1 :e!r ^! are id5tical or n1 ?is reality exi/s outside ( ! =ms1 "t & space1 9 :i* matt] appe>s4 ,b :e!r matt] & physical =ce exi/ p] se1 or are m]e transi5t ph5om5a or :at _! orig9 & purpose is1 ^! are que/ions t ,bjrklund nev] 0 grant$ ! "t to discuss4 ,bjrklund's gr& conception ( ! relation%ip betwe5 all liv+ be+s & _! organic upbuild+ ( l>g] consci\s units1 :]e ea* individual ( high] ord] is ! sum total ( all its con/itu5t memb]s ( l[] ord]1 is c]ta9ly a mo/ helpful & inspir+ addition to our !ory ( evolution4 ,b ! "q :y an evolution is necess>y at all = be+s t are con/itu5t memb]s 9 ,! ,p]fect ,be+1 is h>dly satisfactorily answ]$ by ,bjrklund4 ,8 +5i\s explanation1 fully pres5t$ t[>d ! end ( ?is volume1 /ill leaves u 9 a dilemma4 ,bjrklund holds t ,p]fect ,love has left x to "t-exi/5t be+s to become ( ,free ,w :at !y ( et]nity h be5 to ! ,all-,_s2 mu* z a *ild1 unless consid]$ m]ely a me*anical toy1 mu/ ( free w1 gr[ into ! man t 8 fa!r preconceiv$ & all ! "t sees 9 x4 ,b ev5 s we are left betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis1 = ei!r ?is evolution has a purpose1 :i* mu/ be rea*$ outside ( "t--t is1 x w come to a /&/ill2 an end+ 9 ,nirvana--or else evolution is ev]la/+1 )\t f9al purpose1 & its prop] "n--delusion4 ,aga9 ! "t-b\nd m9d meets 9 ?is1 z well z 9 e e?ical or metaphysical problem1 if x be pu%$ to its ultimate consequ5ces1 ! same conflict or irrationality t is de/9$ to baffle ! space-b\nd man1 :e!r 8 microscope is re/lessly at "w to solve ! riddle ( ! divisibility ( matt]1 or 8 telescope sweeps ! heav5s 9 a va9 se>* = ! utmo/ />4 ,?is irrationality1 t ev]y:]e surr\nds u1 is a *asm t only religion c bridge4 ,f a philosophical po9t ( view1 !re=e1 we mu/ be satisfi$ if our workable hypo!ses 9 philosophy & 9 natural sci5ce d n contradict ea* o!r2 & ,gu/af ,bjrklund has %[n u a road to reconciliation betwe5 idealism & natural sci5ce1 t = a long "t seem$ entirely lo/ 9 ! jungle ( ! mat]ialism ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,fries4 ,= ! biographical data ( ,bjrklund's life ,i am indebt$ to ,s4 ,a4 ,fries1 ,d4 ,d41 well kn[n 9 cont95tal !ological circles z a sci5ti/ ( rank & f\nd] ( ! int]national ,congresses 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion4 7,see ,!ologis*e ,lit]atur ,kal5d] #aijf2 ,w] i/'s8 #aijh47 ,dr4 ,fries1 :o is "o ( ! lead+ m9i/]s 9 ,/ockholm1 has done m 9 spee* & pr9t ?an anybody else to introduce ,bjrklund to ! read+ public4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,,old ,,conceptions ,,( ,a ,,future ,,life #a ,,man',s ,,spiritual ,,body #bf ,,s\rce ,,( ,,spiritual ,,k #cg ,,importance ,,( ,,spontane\s ,,g5]ation #ea ,,mat]iali/ic ,,demon/ration ,,( ,,spontane\s ,,g5]ation #fg ,,h[ ,,is ,,organic ,,matt] ,,produc$8 #hg ,,organic ,,matt] ,,z ,a ,,product ,,( ,,art #ajg ,,! ,,s\l ,,& ,,! ,,cells #abd ,,fundam5tal ,,qualities ,,( ,,an ,,organism #ach ,,organic ,,relation%ip ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,s\l ,,& ,,! ,,cells #adg ,,resurrection #aff ,,man ,,& ,,inf9ity #agd ,,recapitulation #ahh ,,dea? ,,& ,,resurrection4 ,all are b p>ts ( "o /up5d\s :ole1 ,^: body ,nature is1 & ,god ! s\l2 444 ,all ,nature is b ,art1 unkn[n to !e2 ,all ,*ance1 ,direction1 :i* ?\ can/ n see2 444 ,& spite ( ,pride1 9 err+ ,reason's spite1 ,"o tru? is cle>1 ,:atev] is is ,"r4 --,alex4 ,pope4 ,essay on ,man1 ,epi/le ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,old ,conceptions ( a ,future ,life4 ,a consci\sness ( immortality1 sometimes dim & vague1 sometimes vivid & cle>1 seems to be *>act]i/ic ( ! human race4 ,h[ev] l[ man may /& he _c consid] dea? to be ! end ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,! conviction t he is immortal is innate to him4 ,annihilation is contr>y to ! nature & dem&s ( 8 _s4 ,x is true t unc]ta9ty & d\bt might arise1 b man w nev] be able :olly to uproot ei!r hope or fe> z to ! possibility ( a future life4 ,exp]i5c+ su* feel+s & pres5tim5ts1 man f9ds himself amid/ a _w :]e dea? & dissolution ev]y:]e surr\nd him4 ,he sees ! objects ( 8 love or fe> pass away1 & he kn[s t soon] or lat] ! same fate w befall himself4 ,:5 he beholds ! lifeless body ( "s ne> relative1 8 pres5tim5t ( immortality tells him t ! selfsame s\l t once animat$ t body is /ill alive4 ,9 su* mom5ts ev5 ! man ( l[ cultivation is =c$ into m or less pr(\nd contemplation4 ,! foll[+ reflection impresses itself ) might & wond] ^u him3 8,i feel conv9c$ t ! dead is liv+1 b h[ c he live )\t 8 body & :at =m does 8 new life take80 ,9 all ages & /ages1 m5 h ask$ ! same or simil> que/ions1 & !y w g on ask+ !m z long z belief 9 a future life obta9s4 ,b man does n conf9e himself to que/ion+1 he wants answ]s1 & especially mu/ ?is be true :]e ! reply is s intimately connect$ ) himself4 ,& ^! answ]s h n be5 lack+2 we f9d !m =mulat$ 9 ^? op9ions & !ories respect+ a future life :i* ?r\gh\t ! ages h gradually appe>$ & prevail$4 ,! critically ?9k+ public ( ! pres5t day takes a decid$ly skeptical attitude t[>d all ^! !ories4 ,!y ass]t1 & n )\t /rong argum5ts1 t x is impossible to "k any?+4 ,b1 h[ev] conv9c$ ! public may be ( ! fruitlessness ( discuss+ ! topic1 no "o w succe$ 9 pu%+ x entirely aside4 ,"t & aga9 ! same que/ions reappe> z d>k & ?reat5+ cl\ds on ! horizon ( our consci\sness2 !y occupy our ?\ghts1 take hold ^u our feel+s & color our s5tim5ts4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly be suffici5t at su* mom5ts to h1 7 x only "o fix$ po9t to /& ^u2 "o e/abli%$ fact to />t f & :i* we c\ld tru/ w\ld lead our ?\ghts 9 ! "r direction4 ,b su* a basis to set out f we h n hi!rto be5 able to f9d4 ,w ?is rema9 ! case =ev]8 ,w sci5ce conc]n+ a future life always fail to atta9 aught b negative results8 ,let u say at once t humanity w probably be able to asc]ta9 z mu* z x may be necess>y or useful = u to "k 9 ?is _w4 ,?is hope is f\nd$ on our firm belief t at ?is "t a basis su* z t above m5tion$ really exi/s4 ,natural sci5ce has furni%$ ?is basis1 ?\gh nobody z yet has happ5$ to reflect t ! facts ^u :i* ?is basis re/s may h any be>+ ^u our attitude t[>d a future life1 mu* less give answ] to que/ions su* z ! foll[+3 ,h[1 & 9 :at way1 is man to pass f ?is life into ano!r8 ,x w be ! object ( ! foll[+ pages1 !n1 to develop fur!r ! view j intimat$4 ,9 prehi/oric times m5 believ$ 9 a close relation%ip betwe5 ! s\l ( ! deceas$ & 8 body 9 ! grave1 & ?is purely in/9ctive fai? is ! m rem>kable1 z x prevail$ dur+ /ages ( civilization :5 diff]5tiation betwe5 spiritual qualities & physical matt] 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,! contradi/9ction betwe5 s\l & body is c]ta9ly a fact1 a g5]al exp]i5ce4 ,b nei!r ! individual nor ! race realizes ?is fact sudd5ly or all at once4 ,! k ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! physical & ! spiritual sph]e1 ) _! diff]5t *>act]i/ics & qualities1 proce$s /ep by /ep1 be+ ! result ( sl[ly advanc+ evolution4 ,! *ild & ! savage rema9 unconsci\s ( any discrim9ation betwe5 s\l & body1 & ev5 = ! m cultivat$ man1 ! bord] betwe5 ! two is vague & undet]m9$4 ,accord+ to ! psy*ologic ord] ( man's evolution we might !re=e expect t ! problem z to ?is relation%ip w\ld appe> at a comp>atively late date1 & ev5 !n be ( importance only to a r$uc$ numb] ( m cultivat$ individuals4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 exp]i5ce %[s t ?is "q occupies ! ?\ghts ( m5 9 v l[ /ages ( civilization1 &1 9 fact1 t x is ( ! mo/ g5]al int]e/4 ,! reason = ?is evid5tly lies 9 ! in/9ctive belief t ! body conta9s some?+ :i* is immortal1 & :i* 9 ! life h]eaft] ! s\l _c disp5se )4 ,9 its fir/ hi/oric =m ! "q conc]n+ ! s\l's relation to ! body deals ) ?is relation aft]1 n be=e1 ! sep>ation ( ! s\l & body4 ,?is latt] problem em]ges only 9 v high /ages ( civilization1 & ev5 !n is ( sci5tific int]e/ to an insignificant m9ority only1 :ile ! "q ( our exi/5ce aft] dea? is religi\s 9 its nature & ( int]e/ to all4 ,9 old5 times m5 7 m fully conv9c$ ( a cont9u$ p]sonal exi/5ce aft] dea? ?an civiliz$ mank9d seems to be n[adays4 ,! same vivid conviction we f9d ev5 9 our age among p 9 ! natural /ate4 ,f ! prehi/oric peoples we h no writt5 communication1 b f _! graves !y speak to ! pres5t day intelligibly & pla9ly ( _! belief 9 a life to come4 ,behold ! monum5ts defy+ "t & decay1 :i* ^! p h erect$ 9 memory ( _! deceas$4 ,! sepul*res ( ! ,egyptian k+s to ?is v day ar\se our amazem5t & admiration4 ,:at 0 x1 !n1 t induc$ ^! peoples ( e>ly times to be/[ su* extraord9>y labor on ! places ( _! la/ re/8 ,x c]ta9ly 0 _! belief t ! graves conta9$ n only ! lifeless body1 b also ! liv+ s\l4 ,! fun]al c]emonies evid5tly %[1 z ,fu/el de ,c\langes says1 t :5 ! body 0 laid 9 ! grave x 0 ?\ght t some?+ yet alive 0 plac$ !re at ! same "t4 ,! s\l 0 born simultane\sly ) ! body2 dea? did n sep>ate !m2 !y 7 bo? enclos$ toge!r 9 ! grave4 ,9 old5 times p felt s fully assur$ t a man liv$ 9 ! tomb1 t !y nev] fail$ to bury ) him ! ?+s ( :i* he 0 ?\ght to be 9 want4 ,!y p\r$ w9e on ! grave 9 ord] to qu5* 8 ?ir/2 !y br\ght food to 8 tomb 9 ord] to appease 8 hung]2 !y kill$ horses & slaves1 believ+ t1 if enclos$ ) ! dead1 ^! w\ld s]ve him 9 8 grave z !y _h s]v$ him dur+ 8 life4 ,x 0 also 9 ?is conviction t ! positive duty ( bury+ ! deceas$ orig9at$4 ,9 ord] to br+ re/ to ! s\l 9 ! subt]ranean dwell+ t fitt$ its new exi/5ce1 x 0 necess>y t ! body1 to :i*1 9 "s way or ano!r1 x /ill clung1 %\ld be cov]$ ) e>?4 ,! s\l1 d5i$ a grave1 _h no dwell+4 ,drift+ ab\t1 x s\ght 9 va9 ! desir$ re/ aft] life's fitful /ruggle4 ,)\t %elt]1 )\t (f]+s or food1 x 0 condemn$ to ev]la/+ w&]+4 ,!re=e1 because ! deceas$ 0 unhappy1 he became ill-natur$4 ,he torm5t$ ! liv+2 s5t !m diseases2 de/roy$ _! h>ve/s2 haunt$ !m 9 uncanny visions 9 ord] to rem9d !m ( _! duty to bury ! body & !reby secure peace = himself4 ,! old au?ors give evid5ce ( ! degree to :i* p 7 vex$ by fe> t prop] c]emonies w\ld n be obs]v$ at _! burial4 ,x 0 a con/ant s\rce ( griev\s irritation4 ,! fe> ( dea? 0 less preval5t ?an ! fe> ( be+ left unburi$4 ,naturally s1 = x 0 a "q ( et]nal happ9ess4 ,x %\ld !re=e n surprise u s mu* :5 we see ! ,a!nians execute g5]als1 :o1 aft] a naval victory1 _h neglect$ to bury ! fall54 ,^! g5]als1 disciples ( ! philosoph]s ( _! "t1 did n believe t ! fate ( ! s\l 0 dep5d5t on t ( ! body4 ,!y _h !re=e decid$ n to *all5ge ! tempe/ = ! empty =mality ( ga!r+ & bury+ ! fall54 ,b ! masses1 ev5 9 enlight5$ ,a!ns1 /ill clung to ! old conceptions1 & accus$ ! g5]als ( godlessness1 s5t5c+ !m to dea?4 ,by _! victory !y _h sav$ ,a!ns1 b by _! neglig5ce !y _h br\ght p]dition ^u ?\s&s ( s\ls4 8,^! conceptions10 says ,fu/el de ,c\langes1 8h gov]n$ man & society ?r\gh _m g5]ations1 & h be5 ! s\rce f :i* ! l>g] "p ( anci5t dome/ic & public in/itutions 7 d]iv$40 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! primitive ideas1 ref]r$ to above1 obta9 ev5 today among v>i\s nations & tribes all ov] ! e>?4 ,f ! isl&s 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean all ! way up to ! ,pol> regions we meet ) ! same cre$s among unciviliz$ peoples1 ! same or simil> mann] ( burial z among ! anci5ts4 ,if we 7 go+ to illu/rate ?is1 ! ,*9ese probably w\ld be ! fir/ to attract our att5tion1 n only because ( ! antiquity ( _! civilization1 b because ( _! great numb]s4 ,z is well kn[n1 a ?ird "p ( ! _w's population is ,*9ese4 ,mo/ ( ! *>act]i/ic peculi>ities ( ?is enorm\s community mu/ be attribut$ to _! dea?-cultus4 ,e family 9 ,*9a lives 9 cont9u\s communication ) its ance/ors1 ^u :om are be/[$ (f]+s ( fruit1 gra91 rice or vegetables1 accord+ to ! products ( ! soil ( _! home4 ,! s\l w lose none ( its qualities ?r\gh ! sep>ation f ! body4 ,9 company ) o!r s\ls ( _! k9dr$ x hov]s ov] ! family1 p>takes ( _! suff]+s1 rejoices 9 _! happ9ess4 ,if =gott51 x gr[s melan*oly & ill-natur$1 x compla9s 9 doleful voice & its moans are om9\s4 ,woe unto him :o ignores ^! obligations4 ,! (f]+s to ! s\ls ( 8 =efa!rs mu/ n be neglect$4 ,_! memory mu/ n be all[$ to fade away4 ,b :o is go+ to att5d to ^! sacrifices & memorial obs]vances if ! family dies out8 ,matrimony1 !re=e1 becomes a sacr$ duty1 ! =emo/ ( all duties4 ,to ! ,*9ese m9d !re is no grievance great]1 no puni%m5t m t]rible1 ?an expulsion f ! family4 ,:at w\ld become ( a man's s\l if 8 ne>e/ ( k9 w\ld curse 8 memory8 ,to rid himself ( su* a sick5+ dream he is ready to sacrifice ev]y?+1 ev5 life itself4 ,b only :5 ! body is br\ght to re/ 9 ! family grave c ! s\l enjoy ! c>e ( its k9dr$4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 t emigration is look$ ^u ) great appreh5sion by ! fai?ful ,*9aman4 ,he mu/ ei!r return home dur+ 8 life or else arrange t 8 body be br\ght back if dea? %\ld ov]take him :ile abroad4 ,we "k t ! big transoceanic /eam%ip companies fai?fully c>ry out ?is "p ( _! contracts ) ^? ( _! ,*9ese pass5g]s :o meet ) unexpect$ dea? 9 ,am]ica4 ,simil> ideas are to be f\nd among ! negroes ( ,africa & ,au/ralia1 & among ! ,indian tribes ( ,am]ica4 ,^! also supply _! deceas$ ) su* tools & provisions z !y are suppos$ to ne$ 9 ano!r _w4 ,among ! ,arctic peoples ! same cu/oms & usages prevail4 ,:5 an ,eskimo is ab\t to die1 he is dress$ 9 8 be/ clo!s & 8 knees are drawn up "u him4 ,! grave is l9$ inside ) moss & a sk91 ov] :i* /ones & peat are spread4 ,if ! dead is a man1 8 boat1 weapons & tools are laid beside ! grave2 if a woman1 h] knife & sew+ ut5sils2 if x is a *ild1 ! head ( a dog is plac$ on top ( ! grave1 t ! s\l ( ! dog may %[ ! helpless *ild a road to ! second life4 ,if a "m dies :ile nurs+ a babe1 x is1 z a rule1 buri$ alive ) h]4 ,9 a ,samoy$e grave1 ,nord5skold f\nd among o!r ?+s p>ts ( an iron pot1 an ax1 a knife1 a drill1 a b[1 a wood5 arr[1 "s copp] ornam5ts1 etc4 ,ev5 rolls ( bir* b>k 7 f\nd 9 ! c(f91 9 all probability to be us$ = mak+ fire 9 ano!r _w4 ,beside ! grave a sleigh 0 plac$ upside d[n1 evid5tly 9 ord] to provide a vehicle = ! deceas$1 & we may assume t re9de]s 7 slaught]$ at ! fun]al4 ,! ess5tial1 fundam5tal ?\ght 9 ?is conception :i* causes ! uncultivat$ peoples 9 our days to treat _! deceas$ 9 ! same way z ! anci5ts did1 is ! belief t ! body conta9s some?+ :i* ! s\l _c d )\t 9 ! future life4 ,s\l & body are & rema9 a unit ev5 beyond ! grave4 ,z dea? means a viol5t te>+ ap>t ( ^! two factors1 ! s\l _c be :olly satisfi$ )\t its natural relation%ip to ! body4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t to ! anci5t _w life 9 ! l[] regions seem$ dismal & repulsive4 ,a*illes w\ld r be a day-labor] on e>? ?an k+ ( ! ho/s 9 ,hades4 ,life !re pass$ 9 a %ad[y inactivity amid/ all weal?1 a desolate empt9ess 9 all sup]fluity1 s t ! s\l c\ld n help b suff] a ceaseless regret :e!r x mov$ 9 ! halls ( ,valhalla or 9 ! ,elysian fields4 ,glori\s mead[s1 cry/al wat]s1 /reams ( milk & honey1 c\ld n oblit]ate ! crav+ ( ! s\l = its corporeal exi/5ce4 ,x returns "t & aga9 to ! body 9 ! grave to enjoy ! sacrifices & c>es ( ! surviv+4 ,?is m\rn+ = ! body & cont9u\s long+ = ! sunny life on e>? made dea? seem some?+ t]rible t frett$ & torm5t$ m54 ,0 x n natural1 !n1 t ! m5tal di%>mony caus$ by ! ?\ght ( dea?1 %\ld soon] or lat] br+ ab\t a reaction2 give bir? to ! hope ( a reunion ( ! s\l ) ! body on a resurrection day ( ! dead8 ,at "s su* conclusion sev]al religions h arriv$4 ,we ne$ m5tion only ! ,norse sagas1 ,islam1 ,p>seeism & ,judaism4 ,a resurrection1 ev]y:]e taught 9 almo/ id5tical t]ms1 is plac$ at ! end ( ! pres5t sy/em ( ! _w 9 connection ) a cosmic cata/rophe out ( :i* new heav5s & a new e>? ) an ennobl$ humanity w em]ge4 ,! bodily resurrection on ! day ( judgm5t is a doctr9e also 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 z x is int]pret$ by ! or?odox cre$s4 ,b ?is dogma has entirely lo/ its =m] au?ority4 ,x is repeat$ at ea* ,*ur* burial1 b ! read+ has n[ become a m]e =mality4 ,we d n believe any m 9 a resurrection 9 ! old s5se4 ,:at factor 9 our "t has be5 suffici5tly p[]ful to ov]turn conceptions s deeply root$ 9 human nature8 ,x is ! sci5tific _s z ackn[l$g$ ev5 by fai?ful !ologians4 ,sci5ce has %[n t man's body is r5ew$ sev]al times dur+ life & t ev5 ! bones1 plac$ 9 ! grave1 soon 8arise0 ?r\gh nature's =ces !mselves & take "p aga9 9 ! univ]sal circulation ( matt]4 ,9 face ( all ! evid5ce = ?is tru?1 x is impossible to believe 9 ! old doctr9e ( a physical resurrection4 ,ano!r "q is1 :e!r ?is anci5t belief c\ld disappe> )\t leav+ traces 9 contempor>y consci\sness4 ,c man h *ang$ s radically 9 a c5tury1 or r 9 a few decades1 t ! conviction ( ! body's importance to ! s\l aft] dea? w no long] f9d an e*o 9 8 religi\s in/9cts8 ,by no means4 ,we are ! same human be+s & h ! same human nature z our =efa!rs4 ,=ms ( conception may g1 b n ! in/9cts to :i* !y once gave a satisfactory expression4 ,we may !re=e re/ assur$ t ! important *ange ( attitude 9 ?is "q =cefully reacts on religi\s life 9 our day4 ,! reaction does n necess>ily mean progress at fir/4 ,evolution does n foll[ a /raight l9e2 a /ep =w>d is g5]ally imm$iately foll[$ by ph5om5a 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! religi\s in/9cts1 und]ly+ ! conception ( ! body's importance to ! s\l 9 a future life1 mu/ create new expressions1 & ! logic ( ! old conceptions !mselves indicates :at =ms !y w\ld take4 ,:5 ! belief 9 a re/oration ( ! union betwe5 ! two factors 9 a human be+ 0 sudd5ly & almo/ viol5tly %ak5 by natural sci5ce1 !re seem$ at fir/ no o!r way out ( ! difficulty ?an to *oose betwe5 !m & decl>e ei!r ! s\l or ! body z ! ess5tial "p4 ,^? :o felt incl9$ t[>d ! =m] alt]native evid5tly f\nd !mselves conf9$ to a "o-sid$ idealism ( little vitality1 because an exi/5ce )\t body seems z %ad[y & unsatisfactory to man 9 ! pres5t z 9 anci5t times4 ,an increas+ weak5+ ( ! int5sity ( religi\s life w\ld be ! natural consequ5ce4 ,^? aga9 :o1 because ( a m reali/ic t5d5cy1 insi/$ ^u ! ess5tiality ( our body1 7 logically driv5 to a gross mat]ialism4 ,if sci5ce _h prov$ t ! belief 9 a bodily resurrection is unt5able1 :y %\ld x n be able to demon/rate t all religi\s doctr9es 7 delusions8 ,?is reason+ seem$ to _m s natural t _m sci5tific facts contribut$ evid5ce 9 _! favor ev5 :5 ^! facts po9t$ entirely 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 no necessity to ?9k & reason z ^! two ma9 s*ools 9 our age h done4 ,"o might also f ! beg9n+1 h tak5 ! same road & arriv$ at ! same conclusion z1 = in/ance1 ,granfelt 9 8 8,*ri/ian ,dogmatic40 8,x has be5 demon/rat$ beyond d\bt by natural sci5ce10 says ?is prom95t !ologian1 8t ! matt] ( a human body is1 ev5 "h on e>?1 9 cont9u\s circulation1 s t 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks all atoms ( ! :ole body are replac$ by new atoms4 ,! only la/+ attribute ( ! s\l dur+ ?is process is ! spiritual body1 :i* assimilates1 typically =ms1 & aga9 secretes ! e>?ly matt]4 ,x mu/ be ?is spiritual body1 !n1 t con/itutes ! comb9+ elem5t betwe5 man's e>?ly body & 8 glorifi$ body 9 ! et]nal life40 ,*ri/ianity speaks n only ( a mat]ial resurrection on ! day ( judgm5t2 x also says t man possesses )9 him a spiritual body1 :i* aft] dea? imm$iately arises to ev]la/+ life4 ,?is latt] conception is n conf9$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 all religions we f9d two t5d5cies side by side1 ! "o ideali/ic & ! o!r m reali/ic1 :i* inde$ are n really oppos$ to ea* o!r1 inasmu* z ! belief 9 a spiritual body may be said to con/itute ! basis ev5 = ! reali/ic conception t places ! _s 9 co-relation ) ! body 9 ! grave4 ,! ideali/ic t5d5cy may be trac$ away back ev5 to prehi/oric times & has g5]ally be5 connect$ ) "s o!r burial me?ods1 among :i* cremation 0 ! mo/ common4 ,! place cremation occupi$ 9 anci5t ?\ght & ! connection fanci$ by our =efa!rs betwe5 ! elem5ts :i* make up man's spiritual body1 may be ga!r$ f ,victor ,rydb]g's rese>*es 9 ,g]manic my?ology4 8,! popul> ecclesia/ical dualism ( s\l & body10 says ,rydb]g1 80 z =eign to ! ,v$a-,aryans z to ! hea!n ,g]manic race4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 man consi/$ ( six diff]5t elem5ts3 ,fir/1 ! e>?ly elem5t ( :i* ! visible body is made2 second1 a vegetative2 ?ird1 an animal2 f\r?1 ! s-call$ lit5 7litr71 an inn] body %ap$ aft] ! gods1 & invisible to e>?ly eyes2 fif?1 ! s\l2 six?1 ! _s40 ,! e>?ly & ! vegetative elem5ts 7 already jo9$ 9 ! trees1 ,ask & ,embla1 :5 ! gods came & *ang$ !m into ! fir/ human pair4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree gods gave !m sep>ate gifts4 ,f ,lodur !y receiv$ la1 t is ! blood1 & laeti1 t is ! p[] ( int5tional movem5t inh]5t 9 ! blood1 :i* attributes h be5 consid]$ by all peoples z ! *>act]i/ics t di/+ui% animal f vegetable life4 ,lodur gave !m fur!r ! god-image1 lit] goda1 by ! p[] ( :i* man's e>?ly sub/ance receives ! =m 9 :i* x appe>s to ! s5ses4 ,! ,g]manic race1 l ! ,hell5es & ! ,romans1 believ$ t ! gods _h human =m1 s t ?is =m orig9ally belong$ to ! gods4 ,to ! ,g]manic hi]ologi/s & b>ds man 0 =m$ 9 effigiem deorum & possess$ 9 8 nature a lit] goda1 a god image 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w4 ,?is image may = a %ort "t be sep>at$ f ! o!r human elem5ts1 s t a p]son may assume ! appe>ance ( ano!r )\t *ang+ 8 spiritual id5tity4 ,! s\l1 odr1 is ! gift ( ,hn]1 :ile ! _s1 nd1 is ! contribution ( ,od94 ,e>?ly dea? consi/s 9 ! sep>ation ( ! high] elem5ts1 _s1 s\l & lit51 :i* =m a unity = !mselves1 f ! l[] elem5ts & a removal ( ! =m] to ,hades4 ,! l[] elem5ts1 ! e>?ly1 ! vegetal & ! animal1 cont9ue 9 ! grave = a long] or %ort] "t to co-op]ate & =m a c]ta9 unity1 :i*1 f ! high] elem5ts1 reta9 some?+ ( ! liv+ man's p]sonality & qualities4 ,?is l[] unity is ! gho/1 ! wrai?1 :i* usually sleeps dur+ ! day 9 ! grave1 b 9 ! night might wake ei!r spontane\sly or by o!r p's pray]s & sorc]y4 ,! gho/ possesses ! nature ( ! deceas$2 x is good & b5evol5t1 or evil & dang]\s1 accord+ to 8 disposition4 ,because animal & vegetal elem5ts =m "p ( 8 nature1 he is torm5t$ by a crav+ = n\ri%m5t if he wakes f 8 slumb]4 ,^! conceptions ( a duali/ic life aft] dea?1 common among ! ,v$a-,aryans1 z well z among ! hea!n ,norsem51 7 closely alli$ ) ! idea ( cremation4 ,agni1 ! god ( fire1 remov$ ! dead man to a bett] _w1 :ile ! co>s] body1 ) its faults & defects1 0 consum$ by ! flames4 ,x 0 a matt] ( d\bt1 h[ev]1 :e!r lit51 ! inn] body1 w\ld suff] injury 9 ! pyre4 ,b ?is d\bt 0 remov$ p>tly by c]ta9 =mulas1 believ$ to be protective2 p>tly by burn+ a buck toge!r ) ! body z comp5sation to ! 8fle%-eat+ fire10 ! elem5t>y ,agni 7! hymns di/+ui% betwe5 ! two71 s t he %\ld n t\* ! subtl] body ( ! corpse4 ,?r\gh ! combu/ion1 ! l[] elem5ts 7 enabl$ to imm$iately foll[ ! s\l ( ! deceas$1 & x 0 ?\ght t two advantages 7 ga9$ !reby3 ,fir/1 ! second ego ( ! dead 0 lib]at$ f its grave-dwell+1 :i* 0 mon/r\s if 8 sleep 7 di/urb$ ei!r by crav+ = n\ri%m5t or ?r\gh ! acts ( ,nirrtis & sorc]]s2 second1 ! surviv+ 7 reliev$ f _! dread ( evil gho/s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,man's ,spiritual ,body4 ,if we survey ! /ages ( evolution ?r\gh :i* humanity hi!rto has pass$1 we f9d t all peoples1 f prehi/oric times up to our own days1 h believ$ 9 a spiritual body :i* is ess5tial to ! s\l 9 a future life4 ,is humanity !n mi/ak5 9 ?is univ]sal manife/ation ( religi\s intuition8 ,on ?is "q we ne$ no long] rema9 unc]ta91 no long] believe2 we "k t man possesses su* a spiritual body4 ,= _m ye>s1 ev5 c5turies1 ?is has be5 a fully demon/rat$ fact1 :i* may be directly obs]v$1 & :i* also has be5 ! subject ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,b :at d we mean by spiritual body8 ,! t]m conveys some?+ ( a dim & vague1 & at ! same "t unmi/akable sugge/ion :i* *>act]izes all we compreh5d by our emotional faculties4 ,spiritual body means :at ! words say1 a spirituality d]iv$ f1 or belong+ to1 ! body4 ,b z no spirituality exi/s :i* is n individualiz$ or is n a quality ( a liv+ be+1 ?is spiritual body mu/ be id5tical ) ei!r "o s+le unit or ) a multitude ( liv+ units4 ,"o s+le unit x _c be1 because ?is unity w\ld !n be id5tical ) ! s\l1 :ile on ! contr>y1 ! spiritual body %\ld be indep5d5t1 exi/+ p] se4 ,x rema9s !n a multitude ( spiritual units1 :i* is precisely :at natural sci5ce has prov$ to be ! case1 & ^! units 9 man's spiritual body are id5tical ) ! liv+ cells4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! cell1 our k ( ! human body 0 conf9$ to su* ph5om5a z c\ld be obs]v$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! organism f t /&po9t 0 necess>ily a unit ( memb]s & organs ^: functions1 & ev5 co>s] anatomic /ructure1 7 beyond any accurate inve/igation4 ,! elem5t>y p>ts ( ! organic tissues _c1 ( c\rse1 be obs]v$ 9 ?is /age4 ,!y appe> fir/ "u ! microscope & x is !re=e ) ! discov]y ( ?is epo*-mak+ in/rum5t t ! sci5ce ( organisms ent]s into a new era4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,malpighi & ,grew f\nd t organic tissues1 plac$ "u ! microscope1 did n consi/ ( homog5e\s sub/ance z !y appe> to ! nak$ eye1 b ( small p>ticles sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 :i* p>ticles h be5 call$ cells4 ,b al?\gh ! cells 7 discov]$1 _! real importance 0 f> f be+ und]/ood1 or ev5 surmis$4 ,?is 0 no d\bt ! reason = ! small int]e/ giv5 to ! cell dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! small progress cytology made dur+ ?is :ole p]iod4 ,f #afgj to #ahcj1 or m ?an a c5tury & a half1 ! cell 0 kn[n ma9ly z a saccate body1 resembl+ a holl[ tube1 & became ! subject ( m or less wild speculations4 ,a wid] int]e/ = ! sub/ance & nature ( ! cell 0 evok$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury by ! works ( ,brisseau de ,mirbel1 ,treviranus1 ,mold5hav] & sev]al o!rs4 ,_m diff]5t p>ts began to be di/+ui%$ )9 ! cells1 su* z membrane1 protoplasm1 *lorophyll1 etc4 ,^! p>ts 7 lat] f\nd to be z _m organs 9 ! cell p]=m+ diff]5t functions1 :i* are at pres5t to "s ext5t def9$4 ,! cell previ\sly consid]$ z a saccate body prov$ to con/itute a be+ end[$ ) organs1 a liv+ organism4 ,accord+ to mod]n cytology1 ! cell is a liv+ individual2 an elem5t>y organism4 ,al?\gh ^! be+s are s exce$+ly m9ute t ! nak$ eye c obs]ve !m only 9 comb9ations ( ?\s&s & millions1 yet ea* & e "o ( !m n only possesses individual life1 b also ! organs necess>y = su/a9+ individual exi/5ce4 ,innum]able quantities ( su* t9y be+s build up ! organisms ( plants & animals4 ,z human individuals =m ! build+ mat]ial ( ! body ( a community1 s ! cells =m ! build+ mat]ial ( ! bodies ( plants & animals4 ,s9ce ! cells be> ! same relation to plants & animals z human individuals to a community1 e plant & animal !n may be consid]$ z a community1 a cell-/ate1 :]e ! cells are ! citiz5s4 ,e organism1 !re=e1 is a community1 & vice v]sa1 e community is an organism4 ,s f> z we h k ( ! organisms !y are all simil> 9 ?is respect4 ,plants & animals are communities ( individually liv+ cells 9 ! same s5se z nations & /ates are communities ( human be+s4 ,! individuals 9 ^! diff]5t communities are ( diff]5t k9ds & degrees ( developm5t1 b ! composition ( ! organic edifice is 9 all ess5tial features exactly ! same4 ,! diff]5ces are lit]ally only app>5t1 be+ due z !y are to ! diff]5t aspect !y pres5t to our obs]vation4 ,:ile we at fir/ appreh5d animals & plants z units1 n see+ ! individual cells by :i* !y are compos$1 we1 9 ! national organisms1 on ! contr>y1 fir/ p]ceive ! cells !mselves--! human individuals--b are unable to grasp ! nations z individually liv+ organisms4 ,on ! "o h& we see directly only ! social side1 on ! o!r1 only ! organic4 ,if !re are be+s obs]v+ ! human community z we see plants & animals1 !y w\ld compreh5d society z a unit compos$ ( diff]5t trades & indu/ries1 b n z compos$ ( m51 :o are ! build+ mat]ial 9 ^! memb]s4 ,if su* po/ulat$ obs]v]s made an inv5tion correspond+ to our microscope1 !y w\ld be surpris$ to f9d ! social organism compos$ ( human individuals1 :i* fact w\ld seem j z my/ical to !m z ! cells seem$ at fir/ to u4 ,s f> z we h d]iv$ f exp]i5ce a k ( organic /ructure1 x reveals itself to u z an individual compos$ ( m primitive & elem5t>y individuals4 ,^! elem5t>y units ( l[] k9d & ord] might consequ5tly be call$ a spiritual body 9 a lit]al s5se4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! elem5t>y con/itu5t1 ea* organism is a community1 a unit ( simil>1 indep5d5tly liv+1 individuals2 f ! po9t ( view ( ! organs & ( ! :ole1 ?is community itself is a liv+ individual ( high] pot5cy & may 9 its turn ent] z an elem5t>y organism 9 a spiritual body ( /ill high] p[]1 & s on1 9 a geometric s]ies4 ,man ent]s into ! social organism1 b is himself compos$ ( cell-organisms1 :i* 9 turn consi/ ( m prim>y units4 ,organic /ructure %[s ev]y:]e ! same g5]al qualities1 ! same fundam5tal features4 ,ea* high] & m complex organism repeats 9 a m p]fect way & 9 a high] pot5cy exactly ! same g5]al =ms ( organization z its elem5t>y con/itu5ts h %[n 9 _! own sph]e4 ,h5ce ! surpris+ simil>ity 9 ! /ructure ( ! organisms4 ,:5 we "k "o we "k all4 ,?is w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be nei!r possible nor conceivable if ! spiritual bodies1 :i* =m _! corporal /ructure1 did n possess correspond+ simil> fundam5tal qualities4 ,9 :at relation%ip d ^! cells /& to man8 ,d !y ent] into 8 be+ z ess5tial or only z incid5tal con/itu5ts8 ,9 o!r words1 does man act z organ = ! cells & ! cells z organs = man only "h 9 "t2 or1 su* exi/5ce be+ = ! pres5t po/ulat$1 is _! union ext5d$ ev5 to a future exi/5ce8 ,?is "q is ( extraord9>y importance because x may entirely *ange our conception ( dea?4 ,) ?is "q settl$1 we %\ld be 9 possession ( a fact f :i* we c\ld draw reliable conclusions1 & ?is fact is briefly z foll[s3 ,)9 ea* liv+ be+ a cont9u\s r5ovation takes place1 a successive replac+ ( ! individuals :i* belong to t be+'s spiritual body4 ,human be+s con/itute1 z already po9t$ out1 ! cells or ! spiritual body1 9 an organism ( a high] ord]1 viz41 ( humanity4 ,9 ?is organism1 an incessant r5ewal takes place1 z we "k1 inasmu* z new g5]ations cont9u\sly succe$ ea* o!r4 ,! same is ! case ) man's own spiritual body4 ,z ! human g5]ations 9 ! social body1 s ! cell-g5]ations 9 man's body replace ea* o!r :ile ! man1 himself1 all ! "t1 rema9s ! id5tical individual4 ,! same holds good 9 reg>d to ! cytoplasm1 or ! l[] units t build up ! cells4 ,ev]y:]e we meet ) ! same ph5om5on ( r5ewal & ev]y:]e ) ! same id5tity ( ! complex individual4 ,?is latt] orig9ates1 develops1 & passes away ) a lifetime t be>s a c]ta9 proportion to its complexity4 ,:ile man c\nts 8 exi/5ce & developm5t 9 ye>s1 ! evolution ( society is reckon$ 9 hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,! cells 9 _! turn h a lifetime measur$ 9 days1 & ! units =m+ ! cytoplasm possess an individual exi/5ce p]haps la/+ b a few m9utes or seconds4 ,! circulation 9 ! body1 !re=e1 is n conf9$ to ! mat]ial p>ticles b comprises ! spiritual body1 ! liv+ units1 z well4 ,n[1 ! "q is3 ,:at is ! relation%ip betwe5 man liv+ 9 "t & ^! dy+ & unborn g5]ations ( cells1 t =m 8 body8 ,c we %[ t ^! liv+ units1 ?is spiritual body1 is z necess>y = man 9 a future exi/5ce z "h 9 "t8 ,!n dea? mu/ evid5tly be some?+ else1 some?+ inf9itely m ?an we h hi!rto imag9$ or surmis$4 ,! po9t is to inve/igate :at is mortal 9 man & :at is immortal1 & on ?is problem we w n[ proce$ to conc5trate our :ole att5tion4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,s\rce ( ,spiritual ,k4 ,! critically ?9k+ public today might be said to h long ago rel9qui%$ ! hope ( obta9+ a sure & decisive answ] to ! "q1 :e!r !re is an exi/5ce beyond ! grave4 ,"s p conf9e !mselves to a fai? f\nd$ on a small] or great] probability = ei!r conception4 ,we want palpable evid5ce4 ,to _m x ev5 appe>s necess>y to h a look beh9d ! veil ( visible matt] 9 ord] to satisfy !mselves z to :e!r any?+ exi/s )9 ! void4 8,nobody has return$ to tell u h[ x is10 we are (t5 rem9d$1 & ?is expression cle>ly means t complete c]ta9ty requires ! te/imony ( eye-witnesses4 ,su* a proc$ure w\ld be at lea/ radical if x 7 possible4 ,b ev5 if x 71 %\ld we !n be ne>] ! goal8 ,! :ole mode ( ?9k+ is nave1 b m]its att5tion especially because x demon/rates h[ unc]ta9 ! in=mation w\ld be t we w\ld obta9 ?r\gh ?is *annel4 ,if somebody return$1 little or no?+ w\ld1 9 all probability1 be ga9$4 ,9 ! fir/ place h[ c\ld we "k t x 0 ! same p]son t return$8 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 be be/ if ! s\l took possession ( ! same body4 ,! abs5ce w\ld !n be comp>able to1 or ess5tially analog\s )1 ! condition ( ! app>5tly dead4 ,b to beg9 )1 we c\ld1 = good reasons1 only ascribe a small value to exp]i5ce ga9$ "u su* conditions1 &1 fur!r1 su* an abs5ce w\ld evid5tly mean no real sep>ation ( s\l & body1 no real dea?1 & !re=e no real exp]i5ce ( ! v ?+ "u consid]ation4 ,b h[1 & "u :at conditions1 w\ld an ev5t ( ?is k9d be conceivable8 ,%\ld ! p]son 9 "q sudd5ly disappe> f our sight & !n j z sudd5ly reappe> among u8 ,end[$ ) 8 pres5t organs & s5ses1 :i* are closely adapt$ to e>?ly conditions1 su* a p]son c\ld see & compreh5d only su* objects z diff]$ little or non-ess5tially f ^? 9 ! _w :]e we n[ live4 ,he w\ld possibly be able to obs]ve conditions on o!r planets 9 ! univ]se1 b he w\ld be utt]ly unable to compreh5d ! ?+s ( a _w ab/ract$ f ! limitations ( planet>y life4 ,if su* a _w exi/s1 & "s "o ( u 7 sudd5ly remov$ to x1 su* a "o1 amid/ all glories ) see+ eyes1 w\ld yet see no?+2 ) he>+ e>s1 he> no?+2 & ) feel+ s5ses1 feel no?+4 ,9 ord] to see & grasp :at may exi/ & happ51 ! obs]v] himself mu/ h gone ?r\gh a correspond+ radical *ange4 ,! conditions = ! function+ ( bodily organs d n exi/ !re4 ,he mu/ develop new & m p]fect s5ses2 high]1 spiritual & bodily faculties :i* diff] f 8 pres5t ones z mu* z ! objects ( ?is high] _w diff] f ! ?+s ( e>?4 ,a direct transposition w\ld !re=e be )\t value4 ,9 ord] to make inve/igations1 a radical metamorphosis is an indisp5sable condition4 ,! s\l mu/ be sep>at$ f its e>?ly clo?+ & pass ?r\gh all ! trans=mations :i* comm5ce ) natural dea?4 ,9 ord] to return "h1 ?is p]son mu/ aga9 g ?r\gh ! same processes 9 rev]se ord]4 ,at 8 re-bir? ^u e>? he w\ld n1 9 all probability1 diff] f o!r p4 ,he w\ld "k z mu* or z little z we d4 ,b ev5 if we assume ! improbable & imag9e t ?is p]son return$ to u ) ! memory ( all he _h liv$ ?r\gh & t he tri$ to relate 8 impressions & exp]i5ces1 su* a report w\ld be ( no use because x w\ld deal ) ideas & conceptions entirely incompreh5sible to u4 ,! explanation ( ?is is t man is unable to compreh5d ?+s & ph5om5a :i* h n act$ ^u 8 pres5t organs4 ,if we take pa9s to analyze our bolde/ & mo/ unreali/ic fancies1 we w f9d t _! sub/ance & +r$i5ts are only greatly enl>g$ or r$uc$ images ( an already exp]i5c$ reality4 ,we h nev] possess$ t man's high] s5ses1 nev] exp]i5c$ ! ?+s :i* ^? high] faculties are able to grasp1 & we are !re=e n 9 a position to =m any idea :atev] ab\t su* a _w4 ,8 spee* w\ld s\nd l a =eign language t we c\ld n possibly ev] le>n to und]/&4 ,only 9 case ! p]son 9 "q c\ld adapt himself to our pres5t way ( ?9k+ & und]/&+1 w\ld su* a revelation be ( any importance4 ,b !n aga9 ! "q arises1 :at confid5ce c\ld we h 9 ?is man :o pret5d$ to possess k ab\t ?+s entirely conceal$ f u8 ,we h no means ( v]ify+ ! in=mation ?us receiv$4 ,x mu/ be tak5 9 good fai?1 & s ! gates to d\bt w\ld aga9 be ?r[n op54 ,if someone return$1 !n1 little or no?+ w\ld be ga9$4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r cases1 !re is no royal road to tru?4 ,only a pa9/ak+ rese>* w lead to ! goal1 if inde$ x c ev] be atta9$4 ,! "q is1 c inve/igation 9 ?is direction accompli% any?+8 ,if s1 we mu/ at lea/ n ent]ta9 or pres5t any unreasonable dem&s4 ,su* an unreasonable dem& w\ld be1 = in/ance1 to expect sci5ce to expla9 ! concrete =ms :i* life w\ld take 9 a transc5d5tal _w4 ,no man ev] has or ev] w make su* obs]vations4 ,x is ev5 que/ionable :e!r su* k w\ld be useful or b5eficial to u if obta9$4 ,we h en\gh to occupy u 9 our daily c>es & e>?ly tasks4 ,a complete k ( life 9 a future exi/5ce w\ld probably di/urb & di/ract u to su* a degree t we w\ld lose int]e/ = our pres5t evolution 9 ?is exi/5ce4 ,x may be suffici5t = u to "k :e!r !re be ano!r life1 & if s1 :e!r our deal+s & actions 9 ! pres5t life are ( any importance = t life4 ,x w\ld1 no d\bt1 suffice if we c\ld acquire a k ) reg>d to t life correspond+ to :at we "k ab\t ^? di/ant worlds 9 space :i* we disc]n ) our bodily eyes & :i* we fur!r inve/igate ) our a/ronomical res\rces4 ,! foll[+ conditions mu/ be fulfill$ 9 ord] to make ! cases simil>3 ,fir/ ( all1 su* a transc5d5tal _w mu/ exi/1 & emit rays ( light4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ be equipp$ ) "s special organ1 a spiritual eye1 :i* we c\ld direct t[>ds x & by :i* we c\ld make our inve/igations "h on e>?4 ,d we possess su* a spiritual eye8 ,we answ] t our consci5ce1 our religi\s intuition & ! et]nal & inv>iable laws ( ?9k+ are j su* organs4 ,t an ideal _w exi/s1 radiat+ a light ( its own1 we are able to conclude f p]ceptions receiv$ ?r\gh our consci5ce & our religi\s intuition4 ,our consci5ce gives u rigor\s directions & comm&m5ts1 :i* sometimes seem to c\nt]act our e>?ly happ9ess & %[ !mselves detrim5tal to our pres5t success4 ,if our life 7 conf9$ to ?is _w1 ! dem&s ( our consci5ce 7 n only useless & injuri\s b also 9 !mselves inexplicable4 ,t man1 9 8 religi\s intuition1 also appreh5ds a reality ( a diff]5t k9d f ! mat]ial "o1 appe>s f ! fact t all peoples1 9 all times & 9 all /ages ( evolution1 h possess$ a religion1 z we n[ d1 a c]ta9 conception ( sup]natural ?+s4 ,x may be grant$ t a great am\nt ( delusion ent]s into all religions4 ,nev]!less1 religi\s errors w\ld be inconceivable if man did n appreh5d some?+ sup]natural :i* he wrongly int]pret$4 ,sup]/ition w\ld n exi/ at all1 because1 z we h already po9t$ out1 nobody c ?9k1 speak or =m any idea :atev] ( ?+s t are entirely beyond all exp]i5ce4 ,to argue ) a p]son ab\t su* nev]-appreh5d$ realities1 w\ld be l discuss+ colors ) ! bl9d4 ,b n[ x is a fact t appreh5sions ( immat]ial sub/ance are s common to man's consci\sness t if we c\ld f9d somebody :o did n und]/& :at we said & meant 9 speak+ ab\t ^! ?+s1 we %\ld be safe 9 ass]t+ t su* a man 0 n a normal p]son4 ,b if all m5 h an immat]ial exp]i5ce1 :y d ideas & op9ions diff] s ab\t ! same exp]i5ce1 & above all :y d "s p ev5 d5y its exi/5ce8 ,! explanation ( ?is surpris+ contradiction may be und]/ood :5 we consid] t man also possesses a special faculty1 8 reason1 :i* he mu/ likewise employ4 ,) 8 reason1 man exam9es & /udies all 8 exp]i5ces & /rives to br+ !m into agreem5t ) ! laws ( ?9k+4 ,9 o!r words1 he /rives to sy/ematize !m into a philosophy4 ,b ?is is a h>d & labori\s task4 ,x is difficult z x is to arrive at "r conclusions 9 reg>d to ! mat]ial _w to :i* our s5ses are responsive4 ,h[ mu* m mu/ ?is be ! case 9 reg>d to ! immat]ial _w4 ,! evolution ( our reason1 !re=e1 is a sl[ly advanc+ hi/orical process1 pres5t+ a cont9u\s *ange 9 op9ions1 al?\gh1 at ! same "t1 an inn] cont9uity may be trac$1 an evolution po9t+ t[>ds a def9ite goal4 ,! h>mony :i* man is /riv+ to e/abli% betwe5 8 reason & 8 o!r faculties c obta9 only dur+ comp>atively %ort int]vals ( "t4 ,our reason gr[s 9 p[] & ke5ness2 new obs]vations & discov]ies are almo/ con/antly made2 old ideas & op9ions d n1 ^u clos] inve/igation1 satisfy ! m develop$ dem&s ( our ?9k+2 d\bts arise1 & ?is is a necess>y condition = all !oretical progress4 ,su* a d\bt1 n ( ! immat]ial exp]i5ce :i* we all h1 b ( ! way 9 :i* ?is exp]i5ce is to be expla9$1 has be5 express$ 9 ! !ory call$ mat]ialism1 :i* is a widely spread doctr9e 9 our "t4 ,natural sci5ce 9 itself is nev] mat]iali/ic 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ?is ^w is "h us$1 because natural sci5ce does n conc]n itself ) any?+ immat]ial4 ,b if ?is be ! case1 h[ is x possible t sci5ce c h any?+ 9 common ) mat]ialism :i*1 /rictly speak+1 is a doctr9e ab\t spiritual ?+s8 ,we answ] t life 9 ?is _w is jo9$ to & reveal$ ?r\gh ! mat]ial _w4 ,a m complete k ( ! nature ( matt] ought1 !re=e1 to br+ ab\t a decision by & by z to :e!r ! s\l is a bodily function or a sub/ance diff]+ f matt]4 ,9 o!r words1 natural sci5ce mu/ soon] or lat] arrive at a /age :5 x ei!r v]ifies mat]ialism or gives u tangible & obvi\s evid5ce = ! tru? ( idealism4 ,x 0 to su* a po9t t sci5ce arriv$ 9 ! la/ c5tury :5 ,b*n] pres5t$ 8 well kn[n 8,=ce & ,matt]10 9 :i* he endeavors to prove t ! s\l is an attribute ( ! body1 religion1 immortality & s on be+ only illusions4 ,_h natural sci5ce !n f9ally f\nd mat]ialism to be ! highe/ expression ( tru?8 ,9 reality ?is 0 s f> f be+ ! case1 t natural sci5ce1 j at t "t1 _h giv5 entirely new impulses to a high] evolution ( religi\s conceptions4 ,h[ !n c\ld ,b*n]1 ) natural sci5ce z a basis1 d5y all religion1 & h[ c mat]ialism1 9 our days1 live ) undim9i%$ =ce & vitality8 ,no o!r explanation is possible ?an ! "o we h already propos$4 ,:5 x rema9$ unnotic$ t natural sci5ce _h discov]$ ! inn]1 spiritual body1 :i* is ! v k]nel ( ! belief 9 ! body z an et]nal "p ( man's nature1 !n mat]ialism 0 ! only possible alt]native = all ^? :o 7 conv9c$ t ! body conta9$ some?+ imp]i%able4 ,mat]ialism1 9 our days1 spr+s f ! same in/9ct z ! dea?-cultus 9 anci5t times4 ,x has1 !re=e1 integrally1 some?+ correct & true z a basis1 :i* n only expla9s ! rapid & wide expansion ( ?is doctr9e1 b also ! fact t ! mat]iali/s are cont9ually us+ data & evid5ce :i* cle>ly & pla9ly disprove _! own position1 al?\gh !y d n p]ceive x !mselves4 ,z probably no "o has treat$ ?is !me 9 a mann] m *>act]i/ic ( mat]ialism ?an ,b*n]1 we w1 9 ! foll[+ /udy1 use 8 "w above m5tion$1 :i* may be said to be typical = ! mat]iali/'s mode ( ?9k+ & reason+4 ,x w "h be evid5t1 we hope1 t ! mod]n natural sci5ce does n limit b1 on ! contr>y1 wid5s ! b\nd>ies ( exi/5ce1 z we receive f precisely ?is sci5ce ! palpable demon/ration ( ! !sis t all life on ?is e>? has its orig9 9 a high]1 immat]ial _w4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,importance ( ,spontane\s ,g5]ation4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is problem1 f a mat]iali/ic po9t ( view1 c & mu/ be treat$1 is n s complicat$ z we might imag9e4 ,! c5tral ?\ght 9 all mat]iali/ic discussions & inve/igations may be briefly express$ z foll[s3 ,life is a mat]ial =ce & no?+ else4 ,if ?is be true1 !n ( c\rse mat]ialism is ! only true religion4 ,:e!r ,god or "s o!r high] be+ exi/s1 mu/ !n become a "q ( little or no consequ5ce4 ,man kn[s 9 any case 8 own orig9 & fate4 ,! fundam5tal religi\s doctr9es w !n read3 ,9 matt] alone dwell all ! =ces ( nature & _s2 9 matt] alone c ^! =ces appe> & reveal !mselves2 nature kn[s ( no sup]natural beg9n+ or cont9uation2 x produces ev]y?+2 consumes ev]y?+2 is itself beg9n+ & end1 cradle & grave2 by its own p[] nature produces man1 by its own p[] x receives him back aga94 ,aga9/ ^! & simil> /atem5ts !re w\ld be no objection1 if x c\ld be %[n t life really has its s\rce 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,b if x c be demon/rat$ t life nev] does1 nor ev] c\ld by any possibility1 orig9ate 9 lifeless matt]1 !n x is evid5t t we mu/ look = "s o!r s\rce4 ,let x be our object1 !n1 fully to inve/igate ?is problem4 ,if liv+ be+s are produc$ by mat]ial =ces1 exp]i5ce mu/ v]ify ! fact t matt] really creates life ( itself4 ,9 o!r words1 ! 8to be or n to be0 ( mat]ialism is id5tical ) ! old "q ( g5]atio aequivoca or spontanea1 i4 e41 :e!r !re exi/s 9 nature a spontane\s or p>5tless g5]ation ( liv+ be+s4 ,g5]atio aequivoca cov]s ! entire gr\nd ( ! mat]iali/s4 ,"h ! doctr9e has n only its pr9cipal roots b all ( !m4 ,if ! mat]iali/s lose ?is foo?old1 all _! natural sci5ce res\rces are empti$ at once1 s important is g5]atio spontanea = mat]ialism4 ,only "u ?is =m & ) ?is sub/ance c natural sci5ce h any?+ 9 common ) mat]ialism1 :i* latt]1 /rictly speak+1 is only a religi\s doctr9e1 al?\gh z su* purely negative4 ,b j = ?is reason sci5ce has = c5turies labor$ to decide :e!r ?is doctr9e is false or true4 ,! "q is1 does or does n ?is spontane\s g5]ation exi/8 ,sci5tific rese>* has1 9 all times1 occupi$ itself ) ?is "q 9 diff]5t =ms & modes4 ,! f>!r we g back 9 "t ! m g5]al we f9d ! op9ion t life may arise spontane\sly f inorganic matt]4 ,t su* an idea %\ld prevail1 is1 ( c\rse1 easy to und]/&4 ,v little 0 kn[n ab\t ! propagation ( ! l[] animals & plants4 ,especially ! v peculi> & complicat$ developm5t ( ! p>asites & _! passive migrations 7 practically unkn[n4 ,x seem$ impossible to und]/& :5ce ^! be+s _h come1 s ! ne>e/ explanation 0 resort$ to1 t is to say1 t :]ev] !y 7 f\nd1 !y _h come into exi/5ce 8( !mselves40 ,nei!r 0 x s cle>ly und]/ood !n z n[ t eggs & se$s are liv+ be+s z well z ! fully develop$ animals & plants4 ,x 0 ?\ght t gra9 mu/ decay 9 ! e>?1 yea1 t ?is 0 ! necess>y condition = ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,?us p _h daily be=e _! eyes cases :]e liv+ be+s 7 g5]at$ by sub/ances t seem$ in]t & dead4 ,b ) a bett] & m complete k ( organisms & especially ( ! extremely complicat$ mode ( propagation *>act]i/ic ( insects1 d\bts z to g5]atio spontanea increas+ly arose4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 at a comp>atively late "t1 or 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 t ,h>vey =mulat$ 8 fam\s !sis1 8omne virum ex oro10 or1 z x has be5 lat] said1 8omne vivum ex vivo10 :i* we may translate ?us3 8,life implies life2 all liv+ be+s desc5d f previ\s exi/+ p>5ts10 or negatively1 8,no liv+ be+ is g5]at$ f lifeless matt]40 ,?us1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! idea 0 pron\nc$ by natural sci5ce t life is a specific =ce2 an indep5d5t pr9ciple1 t has n its roots 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,z g5]atio aequivoca leads to mat]ialism1 s ,h>vey's =mula leads to pure idealism4 ,t ^! consequ5ces %\ld h be5 se5 f ! beg9n+1 0 s mu* ! less to be expect$ s9ce ev5 today no su* discov]y has be5 made or c\ld h be5 made1 simply because no att5tion has be5 giv5 to x4 ,hi!rto ! only "q has be53 ,is ,h>vey's =mula a fact v]ifi$ by natural sci5ce or n8 ,9 ?is =m ! battle has rag$ = ov] two c5turies1 (t5 ) great vehem5ce1 & victory has lean$ n[ to "o side1 n[ to ! o!r4 ,f9ally1 x 0 agre$ t p>5tless g5]ation 0 n to be f\nd among ! high] =ms ( animals & plants :i* c\ld be obs]v$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,b*n] himself says x has n hi!rto be5 discov]$ t any high] or m develop$ organism may be creat$ by inorganic matt] & =ces alone4 8,today10 he says1 8x seems to be a g5]al law ( ! inorganic _w t ev]y?+ liv+ orig9ates f a p>5tal embryo or else is directly segregat$ f ! "m-body40 ,b al?\gh spontane\s g5]ation ( ! high] animals & plants seem$ d\btful ev5 to ,b*n]1 no?+ 0 at ?is "t settl$ 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ! l[] organisms4 ,) ! discov]y ( ! microscopical organic _w1 a new field & "o m difficult ( access 0 op5$ = rese>*4 ,x 0 n[ ! sudd5 & unexpect$ appe>ance ( bact]ia1 asp]gillus & infusoria 9 places :]e _! previ\s exi/5ce c\ld n be imag9$1 t ma9ta9$ ! belief 9 g5]atio spontanea4 ,b by & by we le>n$ to und]/& ! propagation & life also ( ^! l[ organisms1 _! ability to )/& v high or v l[ temp]atures1 & ! facility ) :i* !y are spread by ! air &1 above all1 _! rapid propagation4 ,x comm5c$ to be m & m evid5t t ev5 9 ! micro-organic _w no p>5tless g5]ation exi/s4 ,! inve/igations by ,spallanzani1 & lat] by ,s*ultze1 ,s*wann1 von ,dus* & ,s*rd]1 7 epo*al = ! e/abli%+ ( ?is fact4 ,_! me?od1 h[ev]1 left "s room = criticism :i* 0 =cefully po9t$ out by a great numb] ( sci5ti/s1 especially by ! ,engli%man ,ne$ham4 ,dur+ all ^! disputes ,h>vey's =mula _h1 h[ev]1 won su* a /ability & approbation t ,b*n] himself "u its pressure =mulat$ 8 position 9 ! foll[+ cauti\s words3 8,ev5 if rec5t sci5tific rese>*es h m & m limit$ ! gr\nd = spontane\s g5]ation1 x is nev]!less n improbable t x ev5 n[ takes place among ! l[e/ & lea/ develop$ organisms40 ,x may will+ly be conc$$ t ?is ass]tion 0 9 its "t by no means )\t f\ndation4 ,b sc>cely c\ld ,b*n] or anybody else at t mom5t imag9e h[ soon ! h\r ( decision w\ld /rike4 ,%ortly aft] #ahfj ! _m c5turies old "q 0 f9ally settl$ almo/ simultane\sly by ,h(fman & ,pa/eur4 ,?r\gh ! latt]'s ma/]ly inve/igations x 0 fully demon/rat$ t p>5tless g5]ation does n exi/ 9 ! micro-organic _w ei!r4 ,be=e ,pa/eur's simple & cle> evid5ce1 opposition 0 sil5c$ ev5 s f> t ! "q has almo/ entirely ceas$ to occupy our att5tion4 ,omne vivum ex vivo appe>s n[ to be an un*all5g$ tru?4 ,life implies life4 ,b al?\gh sci5ce ?us reject$ g5]atio spontanea1 ! mat]iali/s nev]!less occupy a v /rong position on ! selfsame f\ndation z =m]ly1 & cont9ue ! def5se app>5tly n )\t "s success4 ,9 spite ( ,b*n]'s real1 or p]haps p>tly pret5d$1 confid5ce1 he seems to h _h a pres5tim5t ( h[ weak ! support ( g5]atio spontanea 01 & we f9d him !re=e sudd5ly reason+ z if its cause 7 already lo/4 ,?us he makes ! entirely s\nd rem>k t ev5 if at ! pres5t "t all animals & plants mu/ h p>5ts1 yet no?+ :atev] is !reby demon/rat$ 9 reg>d to ! v fir/ appe>ance ( life 9 ! univ]se4 8,if all organic be+s h p>5ts1 h[1 !n1 did ! fir/ p>5ts come into exi/5ce80 he asks4 8,:5 all out] conditions 7 favorable1 might !y n h appe>$ spontane\sly1 accid5tally or necess>ily8 ,or mu/ ! fir/ organisms h be5 creat$ ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( "s high] p[]80 ,b*n] conc$es t ?is "q is extremely complicat$1 & at fir/ glance may appe> unsolvable )\t ! assumption ( "s su* high] be+ :o ( 8 own w creat$ ! fir/ organisms z x pleas$ him & end[$ !m ) ! faculty ( propagation4 8,or?odox sci5ti/s po9t ) satisfaction also to ?is /ate ( affairs10 says ,b*n]1 8& !y rem9d u at ! same "t ( ! artful & complicat$ /ructure ( ! _w1 & w>m$ by _! conviction !y see !re9 ! wise arrangem5ts ( a high]1 p]sonal creator1 :o built ! _w accord+ to 8 p]sonal int5tions40 ,we might1 accord+ to ,b*n]1 dismiss ^! or?odox ?9k]s ) ! assumption 8t ! fir/ elem5ts end[$ ) ! idea ( ! race h be5 pres5t 9 space f all et]nity 9 =mless *aos out ( :i* ! univ]se sl[ly consolidat$1 & accid5tally develop$ aft] ! =mation & cool+ ( ! planet :]ev] conditions 7 favorable40 ,b su* fictiti\s reason+s or pretexts1 ,b*n] assures u1 are n necess>y4 ,sci5tific facts1 he says1 indicate ) great di/9ctness t ! organic be+s on our e>? owe _! g5]ation & propagation to ! co-op]ation ( physical sub/ances & =ces alone4 ,aft] su* an introduction we proce$ ) int]e/ to le>n ab\t ^! sci5tific facts1 b h[ great is our disappo9tm5t :5 we f9d t ,b*n] "h takes up an entirely diff]5t subject1 :i*1 if x has any connection ) ! "q at issue1 goes to prove j ! rev]se ( :at he int5d$4 ,! :ole long s]ies ( facts to :i* he n[ po9ts is1 9 a few words1 no?+ b ,d>w9's !ory 9 a paleontological light4 ,:at ,b*n] %[s by num]\s examples f fossil deposits1 is t high] =ms ( animals & plants h sl[ly develop$ f l[] =ms4 ,b :at has ?is fact to d ) g5]atio spontanea8 ,t high] =ms h develop$ f l[] =ms only confirms ! dictum t life implies life2 9 o!r words1 supports ,h>vey's law4 ,b x is some?+ else t ,b*n] %\ld h demon/rat$4 ,he %\ld in/ead h %[n u t ! fir/ organisms owe _! exi/5ce to physical =ces alone4 ,b on ?is subject he uses only vague expressions1 void ( any real significance1 ab\t ! sl[ cool+ (f ( ! e>?2 ab\t ! l5g? ( ! geological p]iods1 & ab\t favorable conditions2 b n a l9e to expla9 :at ?is ^w 8favorable0 /&s =4 ,al?\gh ,b*n] "h inadv]t5tly supports some?+ diff]5t f :at he int5d$1 8 rem>k nev]!less rema9s true t ! pres5t mode ( propagation proves no?+ 9 reg>d to ! g5]ation ( ! fir/ organisms4 ,o!r sci5ti/s h gone fur!r ?an ,b*n] & believ$ !mselves ju/ifi$ 9 ext5d+ ,h>vey's law to cov] n only ! pres5t "t1 b all times4 ,& ! problem z to ! fir/ organisms has be5 answ]$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,sir ,william ,?omson believes t su* might h come to ! e>? ) "s meteoric /one1 possibly a moss-clad fragm5t1 f ano!r planet 9 ! univ]se t _h met ) a cosmic cata/rophe1 &1 fur!r1 he has ev5 tri$ to %[ t ?is hypo!sis does n involve any physical impossibility4 ,op9ions seem to be divid$1 !n1 z to ! validity ( ,h>vey's law4 ,?is aga9 indicates a defici5cy 9 ! law itself1 & x is true t su* a defici5cy really exi/s4 ,h>vey's =mula is n a law2 x is1 z yet1 only an empirical hypo!sis4 ,x is true t life presupposes life 9 all ! cases we h be5 able to inve/igate4 ,^! cases are exce$+ly num]\s because on ! disbelief 9 g5]atio spontanea re/s a :ole mod]n indu/ry1 ! art ( pres]v+1 :i* 9 millions ( cases daily v]ifies ! hypo!sis4 ,b our exp]i5ce1 9 spite ( ?is1 does n rea* f>4 ,if we cont9ue our obs]vations1 :o c gu>antee t we w\ld n f9ally discov] t ,b*n]1 aft] all1 0 "r1 & "o s+le case w\ld suffice4 ,! utmo/ we c atta9 by obs]vation is a c]ta9 degree ( probability1 & if we und]took to prove ,h>vey's hypo!sis to be a law 9 ?is way1 our exp]im5ts mu/ be ext5d$ 9 inf9itum4 ,9 ord] to rea* c]ta9ty only "u pres5t conditions1 we mu/ /udy ! g5]ation ( e n[ liv+ organism1 animals1 plants1 bact]ia & ! l4 ,if x 7 f\nd !n t all ^! be+s h _h p>5ts x w\ld /ill be impossible to draw absolutely sure conclusions 9 reg>d to previ\s g5]ations4 ,we %\ld be oblig$ to ext5d our rese>*es ?r\gh antiquity & primeval ages4 ,if !n no gap 0 to be f\nd 9 ! s]ies & we p]haps f9ally trac$ life back to ! 8moss-clad fragm5t0 f ano!r _w1 we w\ld aga9 face ! "q1 h[ ! be+s on t planet1 once 9 "t1 _h come into exi/5ce8 ,p]haps !re ! elem5ts & =ces ( nature 7 su* z to create life spontane\sly4 ,?is "q1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n be decid$ except ?r\gh cont9u$ obs]vations1 :i* w\ld be oblig$ to ext5d to e po9t ( an inf9ite univ]se & back to ! dawn ( "t4 ,fir/1 !n1 we %\ld "k t ,h>vey's hypo!sis 0 a law1 valid )\t limitations 9 ! pa/--b also only 9 ! pa/--& valid ) "o s+le exception1 namely1 ! v fir/ organism1 ( :i* we pres5tly %all speak4 ,9 reg>d to ! law's validity 9 ! future1 we %\ld no d\bt possess a k t approa*$ c]ta9ty1 b x c\ld n be call$ absolutely sure4 ,because1 ev5 grant$ t no liv+ be+ hi!rto 0 )\t p>5ts1 x is n logically impossible t sometime 9 ! future1 lifeless matt] might und]take to create organisms4 ,to obta9 c]ta9ty we mu/ cont9ue our obs]vations until ! end ( "t4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,mat]iali/ic ,demon/ration ( ,g5]atio ,spontanea4 ,?is :ole me?od is consequ5tly unsatisfactory4 ,) ,h>vey's law prov$ 9 ! empirical way1 ! only way hi!rto tri$1 we are /ill unable to decide h[ ! fir/ organism came into exi/5ce1 & ?is is probably aft] all ! mo/ important "q4 ,because1 z ,b*n] rightly po9ts out3 8,if life has a sup]natural beg9n+1 x has also a sup]natural subsequ5t exi/5ce40 ,ev5 if we 7 obs]v+ ) our own eyes ! creation ( ! fir/ organism we w\ld n be able to say :e!r x 7 ! result ( natural or sup]natural =ces4 ,! mom5t our /udy comm5c$1 ! my/ic act ( creation w\ld already h tak5 place1 an act :i* lies beyond ! b\nd>ies ( rese>*1 & :i* we nev] %all be able to p5etrate1 h[ev] m9ute or compreh5sive our obs]vations4 ,an entirely diff]5t me?od is "h necess>y4 ,our endeavor mu/ be to f9d ! inn]mo/ cause ( ! :ole s]ies ( g5]ations evolv+ ?r\gh\t ! ages4 ,9 o!r words1 we mu/ d]ive ,h>vey's law f ! inn] nature ( matt] itself1 %[ t ?is matt] has su* qualities t x _c1 nev] c\ld1 & nev] w1 be able to produce a s+le liv+ be+4 ,only !n %all we h demon/rat$ t ,h>vey's =mula is a univ]sal1 natural law1 & !n x w be n only our "r b our duty to draw its logical consequ5ces4 ,is x possible to %[ t matt] possesses su* qualities8 ,9 reg>d to ! matt] ( :i* our e>? is compos$ we are at lea/ able to closely inve/igate its qualities4 ,b our e>? is only an insignificant po9t 9 ! univ]se & we mu/ se>* ! entire cosmos4 ,is n ?is impossible8 ,we answ] t 9 _m ways1 especially ?r\gh ! spectral analysis1 we already "k t nature's elem5ts ev]y:]e are ! same & t !y ev]y:]e h ! same qualities4 ,if ,h>vey's law c be d$uc$ f ! matt] we are able to inve/igate1 we h at ! same "t %[n its validity = ! :ole ( ! univ]se )\t limitations z to "t & space2 because !n we may apply 9 reg>d to organic sub/ance ,b*n]'s true rem>k z to ! products ( nature 9 times pa/4 8,! natural =ces10 he says1 8t gov]n$ ! univ]se =m]ly are ! same z ^? ^: results we n[ witness e day & mom5t4 ,e>?'s pa/ "t is to our ?\ght no?+ b an unroll+ ( its pres5t4 ,! geologi/s1 guid$ by _! k ( nature & its pres5t laws1 h be5 able ) increas+ accuracy to trace back evolution to ! mo/ di/ant ages4 ,mean:ile x has be5 e/abli%$ t ev]y:]e & dur+ all "t only ^? elem5ts & =ces h be5 active :i* surr\nd u today4 ,n[h]e has a po9t be5 f\nd :]e rese>* _h to be ?r[n ov]bo>d & an int]f]5ce ( unkn[n =ces sub/itut$2 & n[h]e & nev] w ?is happ54 ,ev]y:]e ! same laws 7 9 =ce & ! same matt] 0 f\nd4 ,hi/orical rese>* has demon/rat$ t pa/ & pres5t are subject to ! same evolution1 re/ on ! same basis40 ,& diff]5t x c\ld n be1 reasons ,b*n]1 s9ce life kn[s no exceptions1 does n %irk any inorganic =ces1 b is itself only ! result ( ! activity ( ^! =ces4 ,to obta9 a def9ite und]/&+ ( ! orig9 ( life x is !re=e suffici5t to exam9e ! orig9 ( organic matt] 9 our days1 & = su* an analysis !re is at lea/ no lack ( mat]ial4 ,:]ev] a tree or a grass blade gr[s or a se$ spr\ts !re dead sub/ance is trans=m$ into liv+2 :]ev] an animal or a plant is decay+1 !re organic matt] is aga9 turn$ into inorganic4 ,! result obta9$ ?r\gh su* inve/igations already made1 /ood 9 direct opposition to ! imm$iate obs]vations4 ,al?\gh ,h>vey's =mula f9ally 0 accept$1 x 0 nev]!less taught t no specific life-=ce exi/s4 ,?is contradiction 0 nev] fully und]/ood or emphasiz$ dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 & ! reason 0 t ! mat]iali/ic t5d5cy 0 s pr$om9ant t nobody notic$ t ! "q ( life-=ce is ! inn]mo/ ma9 po9t1 ar\nd :i* n only g5]atio spontanea & omne vivum ex vivo1 b also _! consequ5ces1 mat]ialism & idealism1 are c5t]$4 ,b 9 ord] to d5y life-=ce z an indep5d5t pr9ciple1 "s sci5tific facts to build ^u 7 necess>y & ^! 7 n lack+4 ,be=e we /ate ^! facts we w 9 a few words describe ! hi/orical situation4 ,accord+ to ! previ\sly prevail+ vitali/ic doctr9e a specific life-=ce exi/$1 pres5t & active 9 all organic processes4 ,! conceptions 9 reg>d to ^! processes 71 h[ev]1 v dim1 & ! reason 0 t ! problem ( combu/ion _h n yet be5 solv$4 ,?is problem may be said to be ! v key to ! *emical explanation ( an organism4 ,! anci5t my/]y ( fire 0 fir/ solv$ by ,lavoisi] aft] ,s*eele & ,prie/ly _h discov]$ oxyg54 ,! solution ( ?is complicat$ "q n only became ! />t+ po9t = a new & rapid evolution ( *emi/ry1 x also almo/ imm$iately ?rew a cle> light on ! inn]mo/ recesses ( ! organism4 ,! elem5t>y con/itu5ts ( ! organism & _! orig9 7 kn[n be=e1 & x n[ became also possible to expla9 ! great /ore ( en]gy t ! liv+ be+ possesses4 ,to assume a specific life-=ce seem$ sup]flu\s4 ,life-=ce1 f hav+ be5 ! indisp5sable explanation ( organic ph5om5a1 comm5c$ m & m to be reg>d$ z a 8back-way = ignorance10 "o 8( ^? _m side doors t dull heads employ :5 !y f9d x too labori\s to ?9k ab\t some?+ t !y d n und]/&40 ,x 0 natural t ! mat]iali/s w\ld eag]ly embrace ^! ideas4 ,f ! few words ) :i* ,b*n] introduces 8 *apt] ab\t life-=ce1 we obta9 a cle> insight into ! op9ions t are held on ?is subject 9 ! _w ( natural sci5ce4 8,! my/ic notions10 says ,b*n]1 8t h confus$ ! philosophy ( sci5ce 7 inv5t$ by a "t possess+ b a slight k ( nature4 ,to ^! notions1 :i* h be5 ?r[n ov]bo>d by a lat] exact sci5tific rese>*1 belongs fir/ ( all ! s-call$ life-=ce4 ,sc>cely has !re ev] exi/$ an hypo!sis m detrim5tal to ! cause ( sci5ce ?an ?is s+ul> organic =ce pres5t$ 9 contradi/9ction to ! inorganic =ces1 gravity1 aff9ity1 light1 electricity1 magnetism1 etc4 ,if sci5ce 7 =c$ to ackn[l$ge su* an hypo!sis1 all we h said ab\t ! immutability ( ! natural laws & ( ! me*anical ord] ( ! univ]se w\ld collapse1 & we w\ld be =c$ to admit t a high] h& int]f]es 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 dictat+ exceptional laws t defy all calculations4 ,a break w\ld be f\nd 9 ! natural /ructure ( ! _w1 sci5ce w\ld despair1 & all physical & psy*ical rese>* cease4 ,=tunately sci5ce has n be5 oblig$ to yield to ! irrational pressure ( ! dynami/s1 b1 on ! contr>y1 has won ev]y:]e a spl5did victory2 x has lately ga!r$ su* a mass ( self-evid5t facts to its support t life-=ce n[adays w&]s an empty %ad[ along ! b\nd>ies ( natural sci5ce4 ,all ^? :o h made a clos] /udy ( any ( ! bran*es ( sci5ce t deal at all ) ! organic _w1 agree1 almo/ to a man1 9 ! condemnation ( life-=ce1 & ! v ^w is s dete/$ by sci5ce t x is always purposely avoid$40 ,we may n[ let ,b*n] pres5t ! real1 sci5tific evid5ce :y life-=ce mu/ be *>g$ to ! ignorance ( a "t :5 k ( nature 0 b slight4 ,9 ?is way ! read] w p]haps obta9 a m direct & at ! same "t an hi/oric view ( ! mat]iali/ic mode ( ?9k+4 ,above all1 says ,b*n]1 x is ! prov9ce ( *emi/ry to %[ t ! elem5ts ( matt] are ev]y:]e ! same 9 ! inorganic z well z 9 ! organic _w1 & t life sub/ance is unable to pres5t "o s+le atom n f\nd 9 inorganic nature & !re=e n p>tak+ 9 ! g5]al flux 7,/(fwe*sel7 ( matt]4 ,*emi/ry has decompos$ organic bodies into _! elem5ts exactly z x did be=e ) ! inorganic4 ,all kn[n inorganic =ces act id5tically ) respect to liv+ z to dead nature4 ,we h se5 t =ces are no?+ b qualities & motions ( ! smalle/ p>ticles ( matt]1 ! atoms1 ) :i* ^! =ces are inv>iably & insep>ably conjo9$4 ,an atom !re=e "u all circum/ances c only p]=m ! same "w1 develop ! same =ces1 produce ! same effects1 :e!r x belongs = ! mom5t to an organic or to an inorganic composition4 ,respiration1 dige/ion1 ! process ( gr[+ & segregation are all *emical reactions4 ,oxyg51 hydrog51 c>bon & nitrog5 are compos$ & decompos$ )9 ! organic body 9 accordance ) ! same laws t gov]n !m outside4 ,we h also le>n$ m p]fectly h[ n\ri%m5t is trans=m$ into organic tissues1 & we "k t ?r\gh diff]5t *annels x leaves ! body 9 precisely ! same quantity z x ent]$1 p>tly unmodifi$ & p>tly 9 o!r =ms & compositions4 ,no "o atom has mean:ile be5 lo/ or become ano!r4 ,dige/ion is a purely *emical process4 ,! /oma* ( an animal may well be comp>$ to a *emical retort1 :]e ! sub/ances !re mix$ are decompos$ & compos$ exactly accord+ to ! g5]al laws ( *emical aff9ity4 ,^! facts1 :i* may be multipli$ ad inf9itum1 enable u to und]/& t ! diff]5ce betwe5 organic & inorganic is non-ess5tial1 & t !re=e e liv+ be+ may be consid]$ a *emical laboratory1 :5ce we arrive at ! foll[+ result3 ,because daily exp]i5ce tea*es u t all organisms consi/ ( ! same atoms z does inorganic nature1 al?\gh 9 diff]5t compositions1 !re=e no specific organic =ce1 no life-=ce1 c exi/4 ,?is latt] is n a pr9ciple1 b a result4 ,:5 organic sub/ance assimilates inorganic & br+s x into its own *>act]i/ic condition1 ?is is n done ?r\gh a specific =ce1 b ?r\gh a k9d ( infection1 :]eby ! molecul> conditions 9 ! organic sub/ance are transf]r$ to ! inorganic4 ,b n only does organic matt] consi/ ( ! same elem5ts t are to be f\nd 9 inorganic nature1 b ! organism z a :ole is no?+ b a bodily me*anism n diff]+ f o!r ma*9es except 9 its m complicat$ con/ruction4 ,wat]1 says ,b*n]1 :i* mu/ be consid]$ z ! =emo/ & mo/ important "p 9 all organic be+s1 & )\t :i* all animal & plant life 7 impossible1 wat] p5etrates1 fl[s & s9ks accord+ to ! laws ( gravity1 n diff]+ by ! bread? ( a hair 9 its action )9 & )\t ! organism4 ,! circulation ( ! blood is z me*anical z we c\ld wi%1 & ! anatomic contrivance t causes x be>s a surpris+ lik5ess to me*anical app>atus made by man's h&4 ,! he>t is provid$ ) valves j z a /eam eng9e2 ! valve movem5ts produce audible s\nds4 ,! rise ( ! blood f ! l[] p>ts ( ! body to ! he>t aga9/ gravity c only be made possible by a me*anical arrangem5t4 ,! b[els convey _! cont5t me*anically2 me*anically ! muscle movem5ts take place1 & me*anical motility *>act]izes m5 & animals4 ,! human eye obeys ! same laws z a cam]a obscura & ! e> cat*es ! s\nd waves 9 same way z does any o!r vault1 & s on4 ,sci5ce1 !re=e1 ent]ta9s no d\bt t ! liv+ organism is a ma*9e z well z ! /eam eng9e1 i4 e41 a sy/em :]e *emical aff9ity produces heat1 electricity & muscul> en]gy4 ,n[1 are ^! facts1 po9t$ out by ,b*n]1 true & correct8 ,und\bt$ly !y are 9 all ess5tial respects et]nal tru?s1 & we may add t !y are j z important f\ndations = idealism z ! mat]iali/s h claim$ !m to be = _! op9ion4 ,b be=e we take up ?is subject let u see h[ ! mat]iali/s d]ive _! philosophy f ! facts m5tion$4 ,!re are _m o!r objects 9 ?is _w1 ( :i* we might almo/ v]bally repeat :at ,b*n] says ab\t organic matt]2 = in/ance1 w9d[s1 doors1 locks1 bricks1 h\ses1 etc4 ,9 ^! objects also !re is n "o atom to be f\nd :i* 0 n pres5t 9 ! raw mat]ial ( :i* !y 7 made4 ,b does ! raw mat]ial itself produce ^! ?+s8 ,s ,b*n] reasons4 ,he says3 8,because all organic matt] consi/s ( inorganic raw mat]ial1 !re=e ! raw mat]ial1 itself1 has made ! organic matt]4 ,because ! organism is ess5tially l a /eam eng9e1 ! build+ mat]ial itself has made ! organism40 ,?is headlong way ( reason+ & conclud+ is n *>act]i/ic ( ,b*n] alone1 b applies equally to ! :ole mat]iali/ic s*ool dur+ ! pa/ c5tury4 ,we h n said t inorganic raw mat]ial is unable to produce organic sub/ance spontane\sly1 :i* sub/ance lat] upbuilds ! organism1 b = ! pres5t ?is rema9s an op5 "q to :i* z yet ! mat]iali/s h n giv5 an answ]4 ,b be=e we ent] ! discussion ( ?is extremely important "q1 we w 9 ?is connection m5tion ano!r discov]y ( natural sci5ce :i* seems exactly to support ! mat]iali/ic tr5d ( ?\ght1 a fact1 !re=e1 t cr[ns1 s to speak1 _! :ole philosophy4 ,up to ! ye> #ahbh x 0 ?\ght t organic sub/ance c\ld be creat$ only by ! =ce ( life4 ,b ,whl] unexpect$ly succe$$ 9 produc+ organic compositions f inorganic sub/ances1 a discov]y :i* 0 foll[$ by a s]ies ( o!rs 9 ! same direction4 ,x is ) evid5t satisfaction t ,b*n] calls our att5tion to ^! facts4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! necessity = assum+ a life-=ce1 he says1 p h rem9d$ ! *emi/s t !y are unable to produce organic compositions1 t is1 ! peculi> gr\p+ ( ! elem5ts into ^? t]n>y & quat]n>y comp\nds :i* owe _! exi/5ce to an organic be+1 end[$ ) life & life-=ce1 & !y h add$ ! amus+ rem>k t ! *emi/s mu/ produce liv+ be+s 9 _! retorts--make m5--if !re be no life-=ce & if life be only ! result ( *emical processes4 ,! *emi/s h n be5 at a loss = an answ]4 ,!y h made dextrose1 sev]al organic acids & bases1 & rec5tly !y h also succe$$ 9 produc+ hydrates ( c>bon4 ,evolution has proce$$ rapidly 9 ?is direction1 & today alcohol & preci\s p]fumes are made f coal1 c&les f slate1 ,b]l9 blue1 taur9 & innum]able o!r bodies--=m]ly believ$ to be exclusively ( animal or plant orig9--f ! simple mat]ial t inorganic nature (f]s u4 ,! mat]iali/s h a cu/om ( n consid]+ !mselves "u obligation to d m ?an po9t to "s sci5tific facts1 )\t inve/igat+ :e!r ^! facts support _! speculations or n4 ,fai?ful to ?is cu/om1 ,b*n] /ops j :]e 8 own rese>*es %\ld h comm5c$4 ,b*n] has n writt5 a textbook on physics or *emi/ry4 ,he has und]tak5 ! extremely s]i\s task ( inve/igat+ :e!r mod]n natural sci5ce has produc$ results :i* %[ t no?+ b matt] & its =ces1 & consequ5tly no s\l1 no et]nal life1 etc41 exi/4 ,our fir/ dem& ( su* an analysis w\ld be1 to put x mod]ately1 t ! facts cit$ really prove :at !y are put =w>d to prove4 ,b to ?is dem& nei!r ,b*n] nor 8 foll[]s pay any att5tion4 ,b*n] might1 = in/ance1 9 reg>d to ! facts la/ m5tion$1 h tak5 ! foll[+ que/ions z ! />t+ po9t = 8 inve/igations3 ,x is true t ! *emi/s h produc$ artificially c]ta9 organic comp\nds ( inorganic elem5ts1 & !y w probably g mu* fur!r 9 ?is direction4 ,b is ?is really some?+ to be wond]$ at1 :5 all organic sub/ance is compos$ ( inorganic elem5ts :i*1 :]ev] !y exi/1 possess ! same qualities8 ,! "q is h[ ?is organic sub/ance is =m$4 ,does x appe> spontane\sly 9 ! *emi/'s laboratory :ile he himself /&s idle1 obs]v+ ! ph5om5on1 or mu/ he int]f]e1 guide & plan ! activity ( ! *emical =ces 9 ord] to obta9 ^! artificial comp\nds8 ,:y %\ld n some?+ simil> take place 9 ! laboratory ( inorganic nature8 ,!re is1 z f> z our exp]i5ce goes1 no organic sub/ance to be f\nd due to ! spontane\s action ( kn[n natural laws4 ,:at is ! reason ( ?is8 ,h[ is organic matt] =m$ 9 nature8 ,&1 fur!r1 is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 ! organic matt] produc$ by ! *emi/s & t pres5t 9 liv+ nature8 ,& if ?is diff]5ce proves to be t ! =m] is n organiz$ :ile ! latt] always is1 :y _c ! *emi/s produce organiz$ matt]8 ,if ,b*n] _h propos$ ^! or simil> que/ions & tak5 "t to ?9k !m ov]1 he w\ld h obta9$ a diff]5t result1 b in/ead he breaks (f 8 argum5tation j :]e x %\ld h comm5c$4 ,consequ5tly ! fault 9 ! mat]iali/s' process ( ?9k+ does n lie 9 ! facts us$ z f\ndation = _! argum5t4 ,! premises & ! beg9n+ are correct4 ,j because organic matt] consi/s ( ! same elem5ts z inorganic1 j = ?is reason natural sci5ce c decide :e!r ! physical laws are able spontane\sly to produce su* matt] & su* ma*9es4 ,! mat]iali/s h /opp$ aft] provid+ ! introduction2 ! cont9uation & ! end are lack+4 ,!y h ov]look$ ! :ole s]ies ( sci5tific facts t /& 9 necess>y correlation to ! />t+ po9t4 ,we h !re=e only to resume ! int]rupt$ demon/ration & w !n endeavor to make ! latt] "p z simple & compreh5sible z ,b*n] made ! =m]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,h[ ,is ,organic ,matt] ,produc$8 ,! ess5tial 9 matt] is =ce4 ,/rictly speak+1 we compreh5d no?+ b =ces4 ,e body manife/s itself z resi/ance necess>y to ov]come if we wi% to remove x f its place4 ,:at rema9s ( ! body if we ?9k ( x z depriv$ ( ?is c\nt] =ce8 ,at lea/ no?+ rema9s t we c t\* or by :i* we may obta9 palpable evid5ce ( its exi/5ce4 ,nei!r does !re rema9 any?+ t we c see1 z see+ dep5ds ^u resi/ance to light1 reflection ( ! e!r-waves4 ,if ! m\nta9 ex]t$ no resi/ance we w\ld pass ?r\gh x )\t feel+ or see+ any?+ :atev]4 ,true1 !re is p]haps matt]--= in/ance1 ! e!r--:i* we nei!r see nor feel1 b :i* /ill exi/s4 ,?is matt] is !n qualifi$ by "s o!r =m ( en]gy by :i* x manife/s itself4 ,?us we compreh5d e!r z light1 heat & colors1 all =ces1 z well z gravity1 electricity1 etc4 ,already f ^! sugge/ions x is evid5t t =ce is ! only sub/antial ?+ 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,)\t =ce1 matt] is no?+ t may be compreh5d$ ei!r by ! s5ses or by ! reason4 ,:at we call matt] is no?+ b diff]5t k9ds ( en]gy4#a ,we h space-occupy+ en]gy1 *emical1 electrical1 me*anical =ms ( en]gy1 & s =?4 ,h[ are ^! =ms ( en]gy relat$ to ea* o!r8 ,betwe5 =ms s diff]5t z tones & light1 colors & me*anical "w1 !re is at lea/ no connection app>5t to ext]nal obs]vation4 ,= a long "t x 0 also believ$ t no su* relation exi/$4 ,x 0 only aft] #ahdj t sev]al sci5ti/s made ! />tl+ discov]y almo/ simultane\sly t physical =ces may be trans=m$ "o into ano!r4 ,x prov$ possible to trans=m a c]ta9 quantity ( heat into an equal quantity ( me*anical en]gy1 :i* aga9 might be turn$ into equival5t quantities ( electricity1 light1 *emical en]gy1 etc4 ,x 0 fur!r f\nd t ^! processes might be und]tak5 9 ! rev]se ord]1 s t ! orig9al =m ( en]gy c\ld be re/or$ 9 un*ang$ quantity & ) unmodifi$ qualities4 ,no?+ 0 lo/ & no?+ 0 add$4 ,rec5t sci5ce is f\nd$ entirely on ^! facts1 :i* lat] g5]ations probably w consid] z ! greate/ ( all ! discov]ies ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,?is law ( ! p]man5ce & ! mutability ( =ce is ( imm$iate importance to mat]ialism4 ,z long z x 0 ?\ght t ! =ces ( nature 7 sep>ate & diff]5t f ea* o!r1 x 0 easy to imag9e t ! m inaccessible or my/ic =ms /ood ne>] life1 yea1 7 life itself4 ,! absurdity ( su* an idea is n[ obvi\s1 s9ce x has be5 %[n t ! physical =ces may be trans=m$ into "o ano!r & !re=e are n intr9sically sep>ate1 b fundam5tally ! same =ce1 act+ diff]5tly "u diff]5t conditions4 ,n[1 if life 7 a =m ( mat]ial en]gy1 any =m ( physical =ce might be trans=m$ into life & consci\sness1 into spiritual & moral =ces4 ,life & consci\sness might !n be artificially produc$1 & we w\ld rack our bra9s 9 ord] to f9d ! me*anical equival5t ( ! intellect1 try to measure x 9 amp]es & volts1 etc4 ,b no?+ ( ?is k9d is done1 simply because x is impossible1 z pres5tly we %all see4 ,life _c be trans=m$ into any =m ( mat]ial en]gy1 &1 vice v]sa1 no =m ( mat]ial en]gy c be trans=m$ into life4 ,life & physical =ce are1 z to nature & sub/ance1 ess5tially diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,al?\gh ! law j ref]r$ to ab\t ! p]man5ce & ! mutability ( physical =ces ?us seems r to disprove mat]ialism1 x 0 n = ?is reason *iefly t we h relat$ x4 ,our purpose is to f9d a basis 9 ?is fact f :i* ! fundam5tal contr>iety betwe5 organic & inorganic matt] mo/ easily may be expla9$1 & !reaft] to ent] into ?is diff]5tiation j z f> z is necess>y to decide ! ma9 po9t z to :e!r "o =m ( matt] c spontane\sly produce ano!r4 ,we recollect t ! mat]iali/s endeavor$ to make ! diff]5ce betwe5 organic & inorganic comp\nds z slight z possible4 ,! =m] consi/$ ( exactly ! same elem5ts z ! latt] & ^! elem5ts _h exactly ! same qualities 9 "o comp\nd z 9 ano!r4 ,h[ev] true ?is may be1 is n meat nev]!less some?+ diff]5t f lime/one1 al?\gh lime/one may easily be f\nd t conta9s ne>ly all ! elem5ts pres5t 9 ! meat8 ,9 />*1 sug>1 fat1 etc41 precisely ! same elem5ts ent] z 9 wat] & c>bonic acid1 b no mat]iali/ d5ies t !re are important diff]5ces betwe5 ^! two gr\ps ( sub/ances4 ,:at is x1 !n1 t ess5tially sep>ates ! two classes ( matt] 7no?+ b ! mo/ ess5tial factors conc]ns u "h78 ,if we ask ?is "q ( *emi/ry1 we are answ]$ t ?is quality is combu/ibility4 ,organic matt] is combu/ible2 inorganic is n4 ,b :y %\ld organic matt] be combu/ible8 ,because fuel is z necess>y to ! organism z to ! /eam eng9e4 ,to bo? _! physical s\rce ( p[] is heat1 & ev5 ! eng9e receives x ?r\gh ! combu/ion ( organic sub/ances4 ,all ! fuel t is g5]ally us$ is ( organic orig91 al?\gh we seldom ?9k ( ?is fact4 ,b :y c we n fire an eng9e ) inorganic products8 ,because ^! _c burn1 & ! reason aga9 is1 t !y are already burn$4 ,if ?is be true1 !y mu/ once h be5 fuel !mselves1 mu/ once h be5 9 a burn+ /ate4 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,because ! inorganic _w consi/s almo/ entirely ( *emical comp\nds t are only =m$ by combu/ion1 :5 ?is ^w is us$ 9 its wide/ s5se4 ,if ^! sugge/ions are correct1 organic matt] is to inorganic z fuel to ! products ( combu/ion4 ,9 ! inorganic _w ! latt] h be5 trans=m$ to fuel :i* 9 a r5ew$ combu/ion reproduces ! same products z ^? ( :i* x once 0 =m$4 ,if ?is be ! case our problem may be ?us =mulat$3 ,c inorganic products ( combu/ion aga9 =m combu/ibles spontane\sly8 ,c c>bonic acid or wat] ?r\gh ! spontane\s activity ( physical =ces be trans=m$ into sug>1 />*1 fat1 etc48 ,9 ord] to decide if ?is be possible we mu/ fir/ "k :at combu/ion is1 & we w !re=e briefly expla9 :at ?is t]m means4 ,combu/ion is a *emical process1 x is said1 & ?is def9ition may be true1 al?\gh x may also be mislead+4 ,9 daily spee* combu/ion is g5]ally id5tifi$ ) ! ph5om5a ( light & ! g5]ation ( heat1 :i* we imm$iately obs]ve1 b *emical processes c nei!r be se5 nor felt1 because !y take place 9 ! inn] _w ( matt] :i* hi!rto has prov$ inaccessible to human obs]vation4 ,yea1 *emical processes are s =eign to ! exp]i5ces ( our s5ses t *emi/ry1 ! sci5ce ( ^! processes1 is entirely f\nd$ on ! d$uctions ( our reason4 ,! premises t our reason uses = its conclusions belong to ! physical _w :i* is ! out] side ( matt] t faces u4 ,! ph5om5a t accompany combu/ion belong to ?is _w & are1 !re=e1 /rictly speak+1 n *emical b physical ph5om5a4 ,b ev5 if ^! ph5om5a ( light & heat1 ( :i* ! latt] especially int]e/s u "h1 belong to ! _w compreh5sible to our s5ses1 !y mu/ nev]!less be intimately connect$ ) ! inn] *emical process because heat is develop$ 9 ne>ly e *emical reaction4 ,heat is n creat$ f no?+2 !re mu/ be a cause = ?is =ce1 & ! cause _c be any?+ b ! *emical en]gy :i* 9 ! *emical process is trans=m$ into heat4 ,9 few words3 ,:at we g5]ally t]m combu/ion _c be id5tical ) ! actual *emical process4 ,! light & ! heat mu/1 on ! contr>y1 be consid]$ z ! ext]nal results ( ! *emical process1 its physical effect4 ,by a close /udy ( ?is physical effect we h also be5 able to expla9 :at happ5s )9 matt] itself4 ,z x is necess>y to und]/& ?is 9 ord] to compreh5d h[ heat is develop$1 we w endeavor %ortly to outl9e ! pres5t sci5tific conception ( ! *emical process call$ combu/ion4 ,f ! qualities ( matt] we h conclud$ t ! bodies we see are compos$ ( extremely t9y p>ticles call$ molecules1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are s small t ) our optical res\rces we nev] %all be able to obs]ve !m4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ p>ticle ( du/ visible to ! eye mu/ be consid]$ z conta9+ an enorm\s numb] ( !m4 ,) molecules1 h[ev]1 we h n rea*$ ! limit ( ! divisibility ( matt]4 ,!y may !mselves be divid$ by *emical =ces into small] mat]ial units call$ atoms1 & ^! latt] are !re=e ! build+ /ones ( :i* matt] is ultimately compos$4 ,n[ nei!r ! atoms )9 ! molecule1 nor ! molecules )9 ! visible body1 are pack$ closely toge!r4 ,!y are sep>at$ by comp>atively great spaces4 ,b if ^! build+ /ones are sep>at$ f ea* o!r we might expect t !y w\ld behave l ! gra9s 9 a s& heap4 ,h[ c mat]ial bodies !n be solid1 h>d1 t\gh1 etc48 ,! reason is t ! spac+ 9 "q is regulat$ by o!r =ces ( ess5tially diff]5t k9d4 ,we h attract+ z well z repell+ =ces1 su* z t5d to increase z well z to r$uce ! di/ances betwe5 ! p>ticles4 ,we %all fir/ consid] ! attract+ =ces1 & ^! are call$ cohesion & adhesion :5 ex]t$ betwe5 molecules4 ,! mutual attraction betwe5 ! atoms )9 ! molecules has be5 nam$ aff9ity or *emical en]gy4 ,turn+ aga9 to ! =m ( en]gy act+ 9 ! opposite direction1 we f9d j ! =ce we are 9 se>* (--heat1 :i* is ! physical s\rce ( en]gy ( all liv+ be+s4 ,t heat increases ! di/ances betwe5 molecules is already evid5t f ! fact t all bodies increase 9 volume :5 heat$1 a process :i* may be cont9u$ by fur!r supply ( heat until ! solid becomes a fluid1 & ! fluid a gas4 ,9 solid bodies ! attract+ =ces h pr$om9ance4 ,! molecules are arrang$ ) def9ite spac+ & 9 def9ite positions s t ! body assumes a c]ta9 ext]nal %ape4 ,if su* a body is expos$ to heat ! molecules are remov$ f ea* o!r & ! cohesion becomes correspond+ly feebl]4 ,f9ally a po9t is rea*$ :5 ! molecules are s f> unfett]$ t !y are at lib]ty to move ) respect to ea* o!r4 ,! solid has !n become a fluid & may ?r\gh cont9u$ heat+ ent] ! gase\s /ate4 ,! cohesion is !n entirely conqu]$ s t ! molecules move freely 9 all directions indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,simil>ly1 heat influ5ces ! atoms ( :i* ! molecules are compos$4 ,ev5 *emical attraction gives way to heat s t all bodies at suffici5t temp]ature are decompos$ into free atoms or elem5t>y con/itu5ts4 ,we h se5 t heat p]=ms me*anical "w 9 s f> z x sep>ates masses f ea* o!r4 ,b heat n only p]=ms ?is "w b is ! "w itself1 or is id5tical ) ! movem5t ( ^! p>ticles4 ,consequ5tly a c]ta9 quantity ( me*anical "w is equival5t to a c]ta9 quantity ( heat & vice v]sa1 & x is ?is trans=mation f "o =m ( en]gy into ano!r t takes place dur+ a *emical reaction4 ,! me*anical en]gy ( ! atoms is "h conv]t$ into heat :i* may aga9 be us$ = ! o!r =ms ( me*anical activity4 ,?r\gh ! *emical reaction t heat is rega9$ :i* previ\sly 0 utiliz$ 9 sep>at+ ! atoms or su/a9+ _! movem5t1 & ?is expla9s :y heat is develop$ 9 *emical processes4 ,if ?is developm5t ( heat is increas$ to a c]ta9 po9t1 or1 :i* is ! same1 if ! reaction takes place ) great] viol5ce1 ! common ph5om5a ( fire & light appe>4 ,b ev5 )\t ^!1 e *emical process may be call$ combu/ion 9 a wid] s5se1 t is1 if we consid] ! production ( heat z ! *>act]i/ic ext]nal effect ( ! *emical =ce4 ,at suffici5tly high temp]ature1 !n1 all matt] mu/ be 9 an inc&esc5t gase\s /ate1 & vice v]sa at a l[ temp]ature x is a solid mass4 ,) ^! %ort notes we h also outl9$ ! hi/ory ( our own e>?4 ,! same gase\s /ate 9 :i* our sun is at pres5t belong$ once to ! e>? accord+ to sci5ce ( today4 ,dur+ enorm\s p]iods ( "t ! inc&esc5t matt] ( ! e>? radiat$ light & heat into ! cold univ]se4 ,f9ally s mu* heat 0 lo/ t *emical attraction c\ld ass]t itself4 ,reg>d$ z a sun1 ! e>? 0 !n dy+ & x ent]$ ^u ! *emical era4 ,dur+ ?is /ate ! elem5ts comb9$ ) ea* o!r accord+ to g5]al *emical laws into su* comp\nds z 7 ! necess>y outcome ( _! atomic weights1 val5ce1 & positive or negative qualities4 ,9 ?is connection x is suffici5t to po9t out t ^! processes mu/ g on incessantly until comp\nds h be5 =m$ 9 :i* ! *emical =ces h rea*$ equilibrium & re/4 ,9 ! case ( our planet ^! products =m$ ! solid cru/ ( ! e>?1 ! primeval rock1 ! m9]al _w1 fur!r wat] & f9ally air1 ! oxyg5 & nitrog5 ( :i* may be consid]$ z rema9s ( ! elem5ts4 ,fur!rmore1 accord+ to a law kn[n to sci5ce z t 8( ! lea/ resi/ance10 *emical reactions proce$ f comp\nds :i* h m en]gy to su* z h less1 :]e=e x foll[s t ea* product 0 z poor 9 en]gy z ! conditions at ! "t p]mitt$4 ,if we n[ especially give our att5tion to ! combu/ion tak+ place 9 *emical processes1 ?is era may also be call$ ! p]iod ( combu/ion or ! g5]al _w-fire1 names :i* are exact ev5 if we use combu/ion 9 ! common1 limit$ s5se ( oxidation4 ,oxyg5 is consid]$ to con/itute ab\t "o-half ( ! solid cru/ ( ! e>?1 & :5 to ?is quantitative prepond]ance is add$ its extraord9>ily /rong aff9ity to o!r elem5ts1 ^! mu/ ) necessity burn into oxides j z has be5 ! case4 ,x is !re=e ) ! products ( combu/ion1 t is to say1 ! a%es & ! rema9s f a g5]al colossal _w-fire1 t ! e>? ent]s its planet>y /ate1 at :i* /age x becomes suitable = ! creation & evolution ( liv+ be+s4 ,x is f burnt sub/ances t ! organisms mu/ =m ! combu/ible matt] t con/itutes _! mat]ial clo?+4 ,h[ c ?is be done8 ,9 ! only possible way2 t is1 by aga9 decompos+ ! products ( combu/ion into _! elem5ts & br++ !m into su* comb9ations t a new combu/ion may take place4 ,are ! products ( combu/ion able to p]=m ?is trans=mation spontane\sly8 ,!y h j lo/ ! fund ( en]gy t c\ld h made !m combu/ible & ?is lo/ heat mu/ aga9 be /or$ up & !re=e tak5 f "s o!r s\rce1 z no heat c be creat$ f no?+4 ,:5 ! *emical =ces _h once rea*$ equilibrium & re/1 ! e>? might !n be comp>$ to an imm5se corpse ?r[n into space & :i* mu/ rema9 9 ! same /ate et]nally1 or until x met ) a cosmic cata/rophe4 ,n ! slighte/ movem5t or v>iation c\ld n[ take place spontane\sly on its surface4 ,if a *ange happ5$ x mu/ h _h its cause 9 ano!r s\rce ( p[]1 & two su* s\rces exi/$4 ,"o 0 ! e>?'s own int]nal heat1 & ! o!r ! sun1 & we mu/ !re=e consid] if ei!r ( ^!1 or bo? toge!r c\ld produce combu/ible organic sub/ance4 ,9 reg>d fir/ to ! e>?'s int]nal heat we might imm$iately elim9ate ?is s\rce ( en]gy1 z x has no direct connection :atev] ) ! orig9 ( organic matt]1 an ass]tion s commonly agre$ ^u t we ne$ n dwell fur!r ^u x4 ,inf9itely m important is ! sun1 :i* has be5 & is ! cause ( mo/ ( ! *anges tak+ place on ! e>?'s surface aft] its cool+ (f4 ,! sun causes ! circulation ( ! air & wat] & !reby ! :ole s]ies ( dis9tegration & decay1 ! hi/ory ( :i* is writt5 ) indelible lett]s 9 our geological s$im5ts & =mations4 ,^! =mations tell u t new oceans & cont95ts1 new m9]als & rocks h successively be5 =m$1 b n[h]e t organic sub/ances 7 ev] built up spontane\sly "u ! sun's influ5ce4 ,! processes ( decay1 on ! contr>y1 proce$ 9 ! entirely opposite direction4 ,?r\gh !m no?+ is =m$ b comp\nds poor] 9 en]gy ?an be=e4 ,9 decay+1 ! products ( combu/ion absorb1 if possible1 m oxyg51 become m burnt or oxidiz$1 s t ?is :ole process may be call$ an aft]-burn+1 a m ?or\gh combu/ion ( ! remnants f ! fir/ g5]al _w-fire4 ,! spontane\s activity ( nature's =ces1 !n1 g 9 a direction j opposite to ! "o necess>y = ! production ( organic sub/ances4 ,& any?+ else 0 n to be expect$4 ,! products ( combu/ion resemble fall5 weights1 slack b[-/r+s1 wat] bel[ ! fall1 etc41 :]eas combu/ible organic matt] might be comp>$ to lift$ weights1 set b[-/r+s1 wat] above ! fall1 etc4 ,if matt] has once fall5 f a high] to a l[] level ( en]gy x c nev] spontane\sly return1 especially z x has j lo/ ! necess>y /ore ( en]gy4 ,z impossible z x is = ! swift curr5t to turn its c\rse1 or = ! fall5 weight to lift itself or = ! dis*>g$ b[-/r+ to set itself aga91 s impossible is x = ! products ( combu/ion spontane\sly to turn into combu/ible sub/ances4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,organic ,matt] z a ,product ( ,art4 ,f ! previ\s *apt] we n[ draw ! extremely important conclusion t all organic matt] is a product ( art1 t is1 a product :i* ! =ces ( nature _c produce4 ,spontane\sly ^! =ces only create natural products4 ,products ( art belong to an entirely diff]5t category2 !y owe _! exi/5ce to a =eign int]f]5ce 9 ! natural ord] ( ! _w & h a cause t does n fall )9 ! limits ( a m]e me*anical causality4 ,b be=e we discuss ?is subject1 let u fir/ ?or\ghly und]/& :at we mean by say+ t organic matt] is a product ( art4 ,mat]iali/s h %[n t ! organism closely resembles a /eam eng9e1 b !y h neglect$ to po9t out t ! simil>ity ext5ds also to ! mode 9 :i* !y are produc$4 ,ev]ybody is probably conv9c$ t ! =ces ( nature h nev] made & nev] w make a /eam eng9e4 ,if ! same might be said 9 reg>d to ! ma*9es :i* we call organisms1 !n mat]ialism w\ld be disprov$4 ,b :y1 to beg9 )1 _c ! =ces ( nature build /eam eng9es8 ,we mu/ be able to pres5t ! reasons = ?is /atem5t4 ,if we fir/ consid] ! build+ mat]ial1 we f9d ?is 9 ! factories 9 ! =m ( plates1 b>s & +ots ( iron1 copp]1 lead1 t91 etc4 ,:]e d ^! metals come f8 ,n[h]e 9 nature is su* mat]ial f\nd4#b ,humanity _h inhabit$ ! e>? ?\s&s ( ye>s )\t hav+ an idea ( ! exi/5ce ( su* sub/ances z iron1 copp]1 lead1 etc4 ,! metals are *emical +r$i5ts 9 our m9]als & f ^! m9]als !y are extract$ by complicat$1 artificial processes4 ,! ore is (t5 lift$ out ( ! dep?s ( ! m\nta9s2 x goes ?r\gh a s]ies ( treatm5ts :i* ! =ces ( nature _c spontane\sly und]take4 ,we w "h give only a mom5t's att5tion to ! process ( r$uction1 or ! sep>ation ( ! metal f its natural comp\nds4 ,?is1 z we "k1 is done 9 our bla/ furnaces1 :]e ! iron is r$uc$ ?r\gh ! pres5ce ( coal & o!r suitable sub/ances 9 c]ta9 proportions4 ,if we n[ rememb] t ! heat 9 our furnaces (t5 rea*es ab\t #bjjj ,c5tigrade we see at once t ! sun may %9e on our m\nta9s ?r\gh\t et]nity )\t ev] produc+ ! temp]ature necess>y = ! r$uction4 ,b ! eng9e is n yet complet$4 ,! plates mu/ be fir/ roll$ & %ap$1 ! +ots mu/ be melt$ & ca/ into frames1 %afts1 be>+s1 etc42 9 %ort1 ! raw mat]ial mu/ be =m$ into all ^? num]\s p>ts ( :i* ! ma*9e is compos$4 ,! eng9e is f beg9n+ to end a product ( art4 ,!re is especially "o circum/ance p]ta9+ to all ^! trans=mations t m]its a clos] att5tion4 ,if we rememb] t all ! mat]ial us$ 9 a product ( art is tak5 f nature1 & besides t1 all ! processes 9 mak+ & %ap+ ! raw mat]ial are c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! employm5t ( natural laws1 we might /ill ask ! "q1 :y physical =ces %\ld n ent] spontane\sly into ! necess>y artificial comb9ations = produc+ ?is result4 ,until we h po9t$ out ! quality 9 matt] :i* prev5ts ?is1 we h n completely demon/rat$ ! inability ( natural =ces to build an eng9e spontane\sly4 ,?is quality has be5 nam$ vis in]tiae1 ! in]tia ( matt]1 "o ( ! mo/ important natural laws t exi/4 ,:at does ?is law tea* u8 ,x says t matt] _c itself *ange its condition4 ,if a body is 9 motion x c nev] come to re/ unless ano!r =ce at lea/ equal to ! prim>y opposes ! motion4 ,if x be at re/1 x _c imp>t motion unto itself2 en]gy1 appli$ f )\t1 is necess>y4 ,in]tia keeps ! e>? mov+ ar\nd ! sun2 a /one ?r[n into ! air w\ld proce$ ev]la/+ly ) its initial velocity if ! attraction ( ! e>? did n int]f]e4 ,because ( ?is quality1 !n1 matt] rema9s 9 its natural equilibrium4 ,an eng9e w\ld nev] be built because ! ore w\ld /ay 9 ! m\nta9s & ! metals =ev] rema9 9 _! comp\nds4 ,e product ( art requires a =eign int]f]5ce 9 ! mat]ial _w2 matt]1 9 consequ5ce ( its in]tia1 pres5ts a det]m9$ & (t5 v en]getic resi/ance to su* an int]v5tion4 ,exactly ! same reasons t prev5t natural =ces f build+ a /eam eng9e1 cause also _! inability to produce an organism1 & ?is 9 a mu* high] degree because ! organism is 9 a /ill full] s5se a product ( art4 ,! organic build+ mat]ial1 in/ead ( be+ plates & +ots ( iron1 copp]1 lead1 etc41 consi/s ( c>bon1 hydrog51 sulphur1 phosphorus1 *lor91 potassium1 sodium1 magnesia1 etc41 or bo? metals & metalloids ( :i* ! =m]1 on acc\nt ( _! negative1 & ! latt] because ( _! positive qualities _c exi/ 9 a free /ate4 ,f ! m9]als f\nd 9 nature ^! sub/ances mu/ be extract$ = organic purposes4 ,! elem5ts are diff]5t1 b o!rwise we may v]bally repeat 9 reg>d to organic sub/ance :at has be5 previ\sly said ab\t ! /eam eng9e4 ,x is ! creation ( organic matt] by art t ! mat]iali/s h neglect$ to take into acc\nt4 ,!re=e !y look ^u ! organism j z a new race1 sudd5ly succe$+ humanity1 w\ld view our /eam eng9es4 ,^! ma*9es w\ld c]ta9ly appe> v my/]i\s to ! e>?'s new inhabitants4 ,b a gr[+ civilization w\ld und\bt$ly discov] t all ! mat]ial us$ 9 ! eng9e is tak5 f ores to be f\nd 9 nature4 ,if n[ somebody w\ld draw ! conclusion t ^! ores !mselves _h made ! eng9e he w\ld reason z d ! mat]iali/s today 9 reg>d to ! organism4 ,! p>allel does n halt 9 any respect1 b x is suffici5t 9 ?is connection to call att5tion only to "o or two ( ! m important compon5ts ( ! organism4 ,organic matt]1 or combu/ible sub/ance1 consi/s ( c>bon & hydrog5 :i* 9 an organism are comp>able to ! iron 9 a /eam eng9e4 ,b n[h]e 9 nature is free hydrog5 or free inorganic c>bon to be f\nd4 ,! c>bon 0 burn$ to c>bonic acid 9 e>?'s fir/ combu/ion1 & simil>ly ! hydrog5 0 burn$ to wat] long be=e ! conditions = organic life exi/$ on ! e>?4 ,f ^! orig9al products ( combu/ion1 burnable organic matt] is =m$ by decomposition ( c>bonic acid & wat] into _! elem5ts1 c>bon & hydrog51 & by _! subsequ5t comb9ation ?r\gh feebl] *emical =ces into sug>1 />*1 etc41 :i* sub/ances ?r\gh a new combu/ion are aga9 turn$ into c>bonic acid & wat]4 ,! natural =ces _c spontane\sly und]take ^! trans=mations t only take place because ( artificial arrangem5ts4 ,! processes ( nature g 9 ! entirely opposite direction1 z we h se54 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! r$uction ( c>bonic acid & wat] is done ?r\gh ! direct assi/ance ( liv+ be+s4 ,f ! sun !y take _! p[]4 ,b h[ ineffective ! sun w\ld be1 left to itself1 is se5 already by ! fact t c>bonic acid is dis9tegrat$ at a temp]ature ( #acjj ,c4 & wat] only at #aejj4 ,products ( art mu/ be resort$ to1 & we "k t by l5ses1 burn+ mirrors1 photographic cam]as & ! l ! sun may be =c$ to accompli% results t o!rwise w\ld be impossible4 ,su* artificial app>atus1 !n1 mu/ be ! *lorophyll granules 9 ! cells4 ,m /rik+ly yet1 ^! organs ( ! cell may be comp>$ to our bla/-furnaces1 z x is j 9 ! *lorophyll granules t ! r$uction ( c>bonic acid & wat]1 accord+ to sci5ce1 takes place4 ,if ^! artificial devices1 inv5t$ & con/ruct$ by ! l[] liv+ units t con/itute ! cell1 did n exi/1 ! sun might %9e ?r\gh\t et]nity on wat] & c>bonic acid )\t produc+ organic build+ mat]ial4 ,?is mat]ial is & mu/ be ! product ( art4 ,if ! =ces ( inorganic nature spontane\sly produc$ sug>1 />*1 etc41 ^! sub/ances mu/ h ! same quality z our rocks1 m9]als1 etc41 ( be+ products ( combu/ion1 :i* 9 su* a suppos$ case1 p]haps1 w\ld be made burnable if trans=m$ into wat] & c>bonic acid4 ,we w\ld obta9 a creation turn$ upside d[n & analog\s to a _w :]e ! bodies we n[ use z weights w\ld rema9 unsupport$ at c]ta9 di/ances f our e>?4 ,if we 7 to use su* a body z a weight 9 a clock1 we w\ld h to w9d x d[n in/ead ( up4 ,because organic comp\nds are products ( art1 liv+ be+s f9d !mselves oblig$ to direct ! physical =ces to de/roy ^! comp\nds or re/ore !m to _! inorganic /ate m spe$ily ?an ^! =ces w\ld h done if left unaid$4 ,! processes ( decay1 p]=m$ by micro-organisms1 are z necess>y 9 ! economy ( life z ! rev]se processes4 ,o!rwise ! e>? w\ld soon be s cov]$ by corpses t life mu/ cease simply = lack ( inorganic raw mat]ial4 ,x is true t we might imag9e liv+ be+s z adapt+ _! organization to ?is condition & = "s "t directly utiliz+ ! accumulat$ /ores ( organic matt]2 b su* p]iodical int]ruptions & *anges w\ld di/urb ! cont9uity ( life's evolution4 ,to avoid ?is1 !re is no way op5 to re/ore equilibrium except ! "o 9 :i* x is n[ done4 ,no effect1 :atev] its nature1 c exi/ )\t cause2 & fur!r1 e effect mu/ h a suffici5t cause4 ,if1 !re=e1 we h e/abli%$ t natural =ces c no m produce organisms ?an /eam eng9es1 we h also prov$ t ^! ?+s w\ld nev] h come into exi/5ce if ! organic =ces _h be5 left to !mselves4 ,nei!r organisms nor eng9es w\ld exi/1 because !y h no cause 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,! products ( art are due n only to o!r causes1 b ! relation%ip betwe5 cause & effect is also diff]5t ) !m f :at x is ) ! products ( nature4 ,e product ( nature has its cause 9 a previ\s condition ( matt]4 ,! cause goes be=e & ! effect comes aft] 9 "t4 ,! connection betwe5 cause & effect is s intimate & complete ) reg>d to natural products1 t we may trace ! s]ies ( occurr5ces backw>d & =w>d 9 "t )\t o!r limitations ?an ^? impos$ by a defici5t k ( ! qualities ( matt]4 ,su* a connection betwe5 cause & effect has be5 t]m$ me*anical causality1 :i* reigns )\t exception 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,( entirely diff]5t k9d & nature is ! s]ies ( causes p]ta9+ to ! production ( objects ( art4 ,9 _! capacity ( purpose !y are !mselves ! physical cause ( all ! "w t prec$es _! bir?4 ,:5 ! product ( art is f9ally ready1 ! effect has !n gone be=e ! cause4 ,su* a connection is call$ teleological causality 9 contradi/9ction to ! me*anical "o1 :]e ! cause always prec$es ! effect4 ,b al?\gh ! product ( art is ! ne>e/ cause ( its own production1 x is n ! prim>y "o2 x is itself ! result1 n ( a cause to be f\nd 9 ! mat]ial _w1 b ( a =eign int]f]5ce 9 ! me*anical causality1 & po9ts !re=e to a sup]natural gr\nd :i*1 by a clos] inve/igation1 w be f\nd id5tical ) a liv+ w4 ,! w feels ! want ( o!r ?+s ?an ^? :i* natural =ces c spontane\sly produce4 ,natural products act z inc5tives on ! w1 spur x to break ?r\gh me*anical causality s t physical laws by a judici\s guidance may be =c$ to produce artificial products t bett] satisfy ! desires ( ! w4 ,if natural laws c\ld compreh5d & judge ^! ?+s1 !y w\ld consid] !m all z miracles1 :]eas1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! w1 !y are s mu* ! m natural z !y are exact expressions ( ! ne$s & desires ( ! w4 ,b n only ! ord] ( cause & effect1 ev5 ! tie betwe5 ! two is entirely diff]5t 9 teleological causality f t 9 me*anical4 ,:ile ! natural product is an effect t _c fail to appe>1 ! product ( art1 on ! contr>y1 is an effect t prim>ily nev] c\ld be expect$1 because x has no cause 9 ! mat]ial _w2 b fur!r1 if x is =?com+1 ! tie betwe5 cause & effect is s loose t su* a product may be left & w rema9 9 any /age ( its production4 ,x may be j comm5c$1 half ready1 or ne>ly complet$2 be bett] or worse1 be a failure1 & s on1 :]eas ! natural product spr+s =? ( physical necessity f its cause & nev] c be diff]5t f :at x is4 ,wills & physical =ces !n /& aga9/ ea* o!r z two fundam5tally & radically diff]5t causes4 ,a w may neglect to d :at x ought to1 may be idle1 indu/ri\s1 undecid$2 a physical =ce _c leave undone :at x has to d1 c nev] be call$ idle1 indu/ri\s or undecid$4 ,t man is able to produce objects ( art we h suffici5t evid5ce 9 mat]ial inv5tion1 f ! simple /one-ax up to ! mo/ complicat$ ma*9es4 ,b if man c create products ( art he mu/ himself be a sup]natural cause1 z natural products produce no?+ b _! own k9d4 ,& n only he b also ! be+s t build up 8 organism mu/ be sup]natural causes1 z we h se5 t all organic matt] ipso facto are products ( art4 ,9 all ^! diff]5t =ms & species ( products ( art we possess1 !re=e1 b\ndless masses ( obvi\s & visible evid5ce t life is n a quality ( matt]4 ,9 ord] to break ?r\gh ! me*anical causality & introduce into ! mat]ial _w effects :i* nev] c\ld be spontane\sly =?com+1 life mu/ h a sup]natural orig91 mu/ be a pr9ciple indep5d5t ( matt]4 ,by resum+ ! demon/ration t ! mat]iali/s _h brok5 (f1 we arrive !re=e at ! same conclusion t natural sci5ce _h already drawn be=e f ext]nal obs]vation1 & ) :i* ! "q ( ! nature ( life-=ce is insep>ably connect$4 ,! qualities ( matt] itself demon/rate cle>ly t spontane\s g5]ation nev] has be51 is n & nev] w be possible1 & ! trem5d\s labor sp5t dur+ c5turies to prove ?is by ext]nal obs]vation seems almo/ a wa/e ( "t4 ,we might z well pick out a table full ( /ones & sit d[n expect+ "s ( !m to und]take a flight ar\nd ! room1 z to expect liv+ sub/ance to come =? spontane\sly f dead matt]4 ,! intr9sic qualities ( matt] tell u t only hope = ! =m] occurr5ce c w>rant fai? 9 ! latt]4 ,we ?us consid] x demon/rat$ t ,h>vey's =mula is a univ]sal natural law & we may n[ draw its logical consequ5ces3 ,life is n a mat]ial =ce2 no liv+ be+ c !re=e arise f dead matt]2 all life has a sup]natural orig9 9 a high] immat]ial _w4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,s\l & ! ,cells4 ,liv+ be+s are alive because ! v sub/ance 9 !m is liv+4 ,life belongs to ?is sub/ance exactly z mat]iality belongs to matt]4 ,z liv+ sub/ance c exi/ only 9 ! =m ( liv+ individuals1 all liv+ be+s fall outside ! limitations ( "t & possess individual immortality )\t exception4 ,! cell1 !re=e1 is z immortal z man4 ,b if ?is is ! case1 ! fact t ! duration ( ! e>?ly life ( man is diff]5t f t ( ! cell mu/ n[ at la/ appe> 9 its full significance4 ,dur+ man's life a s]ies ( cell-g5]ations h liv$1 act$ & disappe>$1 al?\gh ! ph5om5on "h1 z 9 ! body ( society1 passes comp>atively unnotic$ because ! cell is invisible to ! nak$ eye4 ,( c\rse we obs]ve a daily gr[? ( nails1 hair & ( ! :ole out] sk94 ,?is out] lay] consi/s exclusively ( dead cells1 :i* daily scale (f by ! millions ?r\gh we>1 wa%+ or o!rwise1 & are replac$ by o!r dy+ cells f ! inn] liv+ tissues4 ,! same process ( dy+ & r5ewal takes place 9 ! organs ( ! cell4 ,z man's lifetime (t5 dep5ds on ! trade he has *os51 s x is ) ! cells 9 8 organism4 ,^? t p]=m heavy "w1 z = in/ance gl&ul> cells1 (t5 die 9 ! mom5t _! mission is fill$4 ,?is process comm5ces ev5 9 ! individual's embryonic /ate4 ,) l[] animals1 ^: g5]ation takes place outside ! "m-body1 we c (t5 obs]ve ) ! nak$ eye h[ :ole organs normally die & disappe>4 ,if ! cells z well z m5 are immortal be+s1 ! "q naturally arises3 :at becomes ( ^! incessantly dy+ cell g5]ations8 ,! answ] mu/ necess>ily be app>5t if we c %[1 ,fir/1 t ! tie betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells is indissoluble s t man's organism1 i4 e41 8 spiritual body1 consi/s ( ! same cell-individuals 9 a future life z "h 9 "t2 ,second1 t ! cells at ! same "t are self-exi/5t & s indep5d5t ( ! s\l1 t 9 a future exi/5ce also1 z "h 9 "t1 !y c & mu/ build up man's organism indep5d5tly4 ,9 su* case no reason c be advanc$ t w\ld prev5t ! dy+ cell-g5]ations f imm$iately aris+ to a new & high] evolution1 :i*1 z we w endeavor to prove1 mu/ be id5tical ) ! upbuild+ ( ! high]1 transfigur$ body :i* man %all possess 9 a future life4 ,?is =m ( resurrection mu/ be common to all organisms because !y are all built accord+ to ! same g5]al plan & are consequ5tly subject to ! same g5]al process ( evolution4 ,m5 are !mselves ! cells 9 ano!r high] organism1 humanity1 :i* entity _c rise to a ri*] life 9 ano!r _w o!rwise ?an ?r\gh its upbuild+ by ! dy+ human g5]ations "u ! new conditions t exi/ ov] !re4 ,z a prelim9>y exp]im5t 9 ord] to f9d out if ! s\l is indisp5sable to ! life ( ! organism1 or if ! cells possibly might d )\t ! s\l1 we may appropriately remove ! latt] f an organism & ?us directly obs]ve ! importance ( ! s\l = ! cells4 ,b h[ c ?is be done1 or at lea/1 h[ may we deprive ! organism ( all influ5ce f ! s\l8 ,! physiologi/s h prov$ ! possibility ( su* an exp]im5t4 ,x is fully e/abli%$ t ! s\l communicates ) ! body ?r\gh ! bra9 prop]1 or ! c]ebrum1 & exp]i5ce %[s t ?is important organ may be remov$ & yet ! body cont9ue to live4 ,we w "h give briefly ! results ( su* exp]im5ts made ) animals4 ,if ! bra9 be remov$ f a dove or a h51 ! bird (t5 recov]s f ! radical op]ation & may rema9 alive = mon?s & ev5 ye>s4 ,b ! dove has become an entirely diff]5t be+4 ,immobile %e sits on ! same place4 ,if %e 7 n he>d to brea! %e might be tak5 = a /uff$ bird4 ,%e lacks ability to judge h] position & resembles a liv+ ma*9e t brea!s1 & swall[s ! food br\ght into h] bill4 ,! high] qualities ( ! dove are entirely lo/4 ,%e %[s no signs ( fe> & is incapable ( initiative4 ,%e rema9s sitt+ 9 ! same place & w n ev5 fly d[n f small heights4 ,if ?r[n into ! air1 %e flies until h] w+s are tir$ or until %e /rikes an ob/acle t %e makes no ef=t to avoid4 ,f ! fir/ day %e mu/ be f$ artificially1 b %e dige/s h] food z usual4 ,! he>t1 ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! respiration1 9 %ort1 all ! vegetative functions ( life cont9ue regul>ly4 ,su* a /ate has be5 *>act]iz$ by ,fl\r5s z a cont9u\s sleep )\t dreams4 ,! same obs]vations h be5 made ) reg>d to dogs t h be5 depriv$ ( a l>ge "p ( ! bra94 ,) l[]$ head & dead eyes1 su* a dog moves ab\t indiff]5t to ev]y?+ tak+ place ar\nd him4 ,he %[s no signs ( fe>1 envy or joy4 ,nei!r ?reats nor fri5dly spee* impress him4 ,he nev] p>takes 9 ! b>k+ ( o!r dogs & is1 z a rule1 mute4 ,only %\ld he be hungry he might set up a h[l4 ,al?\gh indiff]5t to ! /ronge/ light or s\nd1 he is n entirely bl9d or deaf4 ,at ! /rong] s\nds he might move 8 head slightly4 ,all high] life is lo/1 b he dige/s 8 food & all vegetative functions cont9ue j z regul>ly z if he 7 9 normal condition4 ,obs]vation ( ! effect ( c]ta9 accid5ts & diseases intimates t man =ms no exception b t ! same results w\ld probably be obta9$ f simil> exp]im5ts ) him4 ,?\gh su* exp]im5ts are out ( ! "q1 we c1 h[ev]1 9 _m diff]5t ways asc]ta9 t ! s\l ( man is also inactive 9 ! vegetative functions ( 8 organism4 ,9 e>lie/ *ildhood ?is is p]fectly evid5t4 ,to possess a s\l t has no functions is1 z f> z ! result is conc]n$1 id5tical ) possess+ no s\l4 ,if we obs]ve a *ild dur+ ! v e>lie/ p]iod ( its life we w f9d t x behaves ess5tially j z ! animals ref]r$ to above4 ,ev5 ! *ild rema9s 9 ! position x is giv5 & is unable to compreh5d :at happ5s ar\nd him4 ,! *ild w\ld likewise />ve to dea? unless food 7 br\ght to 8 m\?1 b he swall[s & dige/s ! n\ri%m5t normally4 ,! movem5ts ( ! he>t1 ! circulation ( ! blood & respiration all take place z normally z ) ! fully develop$ man dur+ sleep :5 8 s\l also ceases to function4 ,! fact t ! vegetative processes ( ! organism are n gov]n$ & controll$ by ! s\l may be obs]v$ by anyone also dur+ 8 consci\s /ate4 ,9 reg>d to respiration we may repress x only = a few m9utes4 ,a comm& is soon giv5 by c]ta9 cells 9 ! c5tral n]ve-sy/em :i* aga9/ ! s\l's w br+s ! organ 9 "q into action4 ,exp]i5ce tells u t /rong agitations g5]ally di/urb ! vegetative processes4 ,sudd5 fe>1 = in/ance1 accel]ates ! he>t's motion4 ,!re=e ^! processes take place m ev5ly ) animals depriv$ ( _! bra9 j because di/urb+ influ5ces f ! s\l are !n impossible4 ,?us x is c]ta9 beyond d\bt t ! cells n only execute b regulate & control ?r\gh ! c5tral n]ve-sy/em a multitude ( functions 9 :i* ! s\l does n take "p4 ,b j z c]ta9 x is t !re are _m functions :i* ! cells c\ld n p]=m )\t ! co-op]ation ( ! s\l4 ,vision1 he>+1 smell+1 ta/+ & feel+ w\ld be entirely mean+less to ! cells )\t ! aid ( ! s\l4 ,! same is ! case 9 a high degree ) ! motions ( ! body :i* also require su* a high] guidance4 ,! dove c\ld fly1 ! dog walk1 & s =?1 b ! motions 7 relatively purposeless4 ,! pr$et]m9$ plan 0 lack+4 ,! cells c\ld assimilate ! food1 :5 br\ght into ! body1 b !y c\ld n se>* x 9 nature4 ,su* action requires a p[] ( comb9ation t exce$s _! measure ( intellig5ce4 ,we see consequ5tly t ! cells may d )\t ! s\l 9 su* functions z are n relat$ to ! ext]ior _w compreh5sible ?r\gh our s5ses4 ,"h !y ne$ ! guidance ( a high]1 m develop$ intellig5ce4 ,9 ! outside _w ) its m complicat$ relations1 ! s\l is to ! cells v ne>ly :at we mean by ! ^w ,provid5ce4 ,! s\l p]=ms1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! cells1 su* a high]1 regulat+ & guid+ function4 ,! organism1 !n1 is divid$ into two sections1 sep>at$ by a %>ply def9$ b\nd>y4 ,z indep5d5t & autocratic z ! cells are 9 "o ( !m1 is ! s\l 9 ! o!r4 ,?is bisection 9 two widely sep>at$ sph]es is 9 itself rem>kable1 b may be expla9$1 if we rememb] t ! organism is an individual compos$ ( l[] individuals4 ,z diff]5t z ^! classes ( individuals are 9 _! nature & faculties1 equally incongru\s are also ! realms 9 :i* !y dwell4 ,! cells move 9 ! atomic & molecul> _w4 ,to !m ! molecules & atoms appe> ) a cle>ness comp>able to ! pla9ness ) :i* ! ext]ior _w reveals itself to u4 ,x is natural !n t ! cells att5d to ! vegetative functions ( ! organism :i* j fall )9 _! sph]e ( life1 a sph]e ( :i* ! s\l c obta9 k only indirectly by way ( d$uctions4 ,equally obvi\s x is t only ! s\l c employ ! organs ( ! body1 ! functions ( :i* fall )9 ! visible _w4 ,we h n[ endeavor$ to obta9 an und]/&+ ( ! importance ( ! s\l to ! cells by depriv+ ! latt] ( ! direct influ5ce ( ! =m]4 ,?is result$ f ! removal ( ! bra91 ! organ by :i* ! s\l m directly expresses itself4 ,b ! s\l is n actually remov$ f ! body4 ,x /ill rema9s 9 ! :ole cell-mass4 ,! bra9 itself consi/s ( cells1 9 :i* ! s\l is n pres5t except z 9 all ! o!r cells4 ,! diff]5ce is only t ! bra9-cells are develop$ = ! functions ( ?\ght1 :]eas ! cells 9 ! o!r organs are int5d$ = _! specific purposes4 ,9 ord] to remove ! s\l f ! body we mu/ remove ! life f e cell4 ,! s\l1 z we int5d to %[1 is insep>ably connect$ ) e p>ticul> cell-individual4 ,b 9 ord] to und]/& h[ ! cells may be at once indep5d5t (1 & yet intimately unit$ ) ! s\l1 we mu/ fir/ "k :at an organism really is4 ,its nature & fundam5tal idea is ! only ?+ t c expla9 ?is rem>kable relation%ip4 ,b x is j "h z to ! ess5tial qualities ( an organism t ! conceptions are g5]ally v dim & vague4 ,commonly ! organism is ?\ght ( z a v complicat$ me*anism ^: memb]s & organs mutually dep5d ^u ea* o!r4 ,! organism is :at ! ^w implies1 a tool4 ,b e tool is int5d$ = somebody's use4 ,:o ?is "o is1 is n said1 simply because x is consid]$ self-evid5t4 ,if x be a human organism1 x is obvi\sly ! man :o uses x2 if x be an animal organism1 x is ! animal1 & s on4 ,t ?is is a tru?1 _c be d5i$2 b /ill x expresses only half ! tru? & sc>cely t4 ,e organic body is us$ directly by ! individuals t =m its build+ mat]ial4 ,! human organism is a society ( cells1 & x is ^! latt] t fir/ ( all use ! body's organs = _! purposes4 ,b s dom9at+ are ! old ideas ab\t ! body1 t ev5 ! cytologi/s !mselves h n be5 able to %ake !m (f4 ,! cells are cont9ually /udi$ f man's po9t ( view1 b :at man may be f ! cell's po9t ( view is nev] ?\ght (4 ,we d n h]eby d5y all ju/ification to ! old conception4 ,! body is also an organ = ! s\l4 ,! latt]1 z exp]i5ce %[s1 uses ! body = its own specific purposes4 ,b ?is takes place only to a some:at limit$ ext5t4 ,! incomp>ably l>g] "p ( ! s\l's "w1 c>es1 & endeavors1 is devot$ to f9d+ means to satisfy bodily wants4 ,b s f> z ! s\l provides = ! necessities ( ! body1 x acts z organ = ! cells4 ,:5 man believes t he is runn+ 8 own err&s1 he is 9 reality c>ry+ out ! missions ( ^? be+s t compose 8 body4 ,^! latt] dem& = _! purposes1 if n all1 yet at lea/ ! l>ge/ "p ( all ! "w ! s\l p]=ms 9 ?is _w4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,fundam5tal ,qualities ( an ,organism4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( an organic /ructure 9 g5]al1 we w beg9 ) comp>+ x ) :at x mo/ resembles1 namely1 a complicat$ me*anism4 ,! lik5ess is s /rik+ t ! v dissimil>ities become in/ructive4 ,fir/ ( all we notice ! p>ts ( :i* ! ma*9e is compos$4 ,:at ^! p>ts are to ! ma*9e ! memb]s & organs are to ! organism4 ,e "p1 l e organ1 has a c]ta9 duty to p]=m :i* x incessantly repeats4 ,! "w ( ! ma*9e is divid$ among ! p>ts z t ( ! organism among ! organs4 ,z ! organ1 s ! "p ( ! ma*9e c d its %>e only :5 9 "r position & 9 "r ord]4 ,! mo/ obvi\s simil>ities are n[ exhau/$4 ,! p>ts ( ! ma*9e are actuat$ by ext]nal1 b ! organs by int]nal1 =ces4 ,! organism is a liv+ ma*9e4 ,no organism1 :e!r organic or me*anic1 labors = its own sake4 ,e su* app>atus exi/s = somebody's use4 ,b :ile ^? t employ a ma*9e /& 9 out] relation to ! same1 ^? :o utilize an organism are be+s t !mselves con/itute ! organic ma*9e-p>ts4 ,^! are n compos$ ( dead atoms1 b ( liv+ individuals4 ,! organism is a society :i* puts ! organic ma*9]y into s]vice4 ,x is ! social tie t connects ! individuals :i* o!rwise w\ld be a multitude ( isolat$ be+s4 ,9 all organisms !re are z _m organs z actual wants among ! individuals t compose x4 ,because ^! individuals are k9dr$1 !y h common ne$s & are !re=e able to use ! same organ4 ,e p>ticul> individual requires ! assi/ance ( all ! organs & mu/ !re=e /& 9 su* relation to !m all t he c utilize ! "w ( any "o4 ,b he himself ent]s z a work+ memb] only 9 "o organ1 ^: "w is ! only "o he c imm$iately press into 8 s]vice1 & ev5 ?is only 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,all o!r organs /& 9 m or less di/ant relation to him4 ,h[1 !n1 w he be able to utilize !m8 ,only s t ! organs make !mselves pres5t 9 8 own organ1 &1 s to speak1 rea* him _! diff]5t products4 ,l e citiz5 9 a community1 ea* organ ought to h a sy/em ( circulation ?r\gh\t all ! o!r organs to transf] ! results ( its "w :]e x is ne$$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ea* organ 7 provid$ ) su* a di/ribution ag5cy ?is w\ld be an extravagance inconsi/5t ) ! conc5tration ( =ces t ! v idea ( an organism implies4 ,in/ead ( _m su* sy/ems we f9d !re=e 9 e organism b "o1 ^: sole purpose is to circulate ! products ( ! v>i\s organs1 & ?us1 s to speak1 make ea* organ repres5t$ 9 e "p ( ! :ole community4 ,we f9d t e organic build+ is con/ruct$ 9 ?is way to suit ! individuals t =m its build+-mat]ial1 & s ( c\rse x mu/ be1 s9ce x 0 built = t purpose by ! same individuals4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! degree ( developm5t an organism possesses is closely relat$ to ! /ate ( evolution rea*$ by ! individuals :i* con/itute x4 ,! m p]fect$ ! organism1 ! high] & m develop$ also are ! necessities x is able to satisfy4 ,! way 9 :i* indep5d5t liv+ be+s build su* an organic ma*9e may be def9$ z 8division ( labor40 ,e organism is a union1 f\nd$ on ! division ( labor1 betwe5 a multitude ( k9dr$ individuals :i* ?us comb9e _! isolat$ =ces4 ,b a l>ge mass ( individuals _c m]ge at once into an all-embrac+ entity4 ,?is result c only be rea*$ by a s]ies ( high] & l[] int]m$i>y units1 ea* def9$ by its p>ticul> %>e ( ! total labor4 ,a clos] /udy ( ! organisms w %[ t !y all )\t exception are compos$ 9 ?is way4 ,! cells 9 any organism 9 nature comb9e into high] & high] units z foll[s3 ,! prim>y unions ( ! cells are ! tissues1 :]e all ! cells p]=m ! same function 9 ! same way4 ,( ^! tissues is =m$ ! ne>e/ high] unit1 ! organ4 ,z ! tissue 0 a union ( cells1 ! organ is a union ( tissues4 ,!n we h a sy/em ( organs4 ,to ea* su* high] sy/em a m compreh5sive function is assign$4 ,by di/ribut+ ! total labor among ! diff]5t sy/ems ^! m]ge into ! organism :i* unites ! :ole cell-mass into "o well-organiz$ community ( work+ cell-individuals4 ,human society is simil>ly compos$4 ,! diff]5ce is only t 9 "o case ! citiz5s are cells1 & 9 ! o!r !y are m54 ,( an organism 9 nature we only see ! memb]s & organs1 b n ! cells2 9 human society1 on ! o!r h&1 we only obs]ve ! cells or ! human individual1 b n ! body ( society4 ,! cells comb9e into a solid body2 humanity is spread ov] a surface4 ,human individuals1 because ( _! great] p]fection1 move 9 space m freely & indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r ?an d ! cells 9 _! realm4 ,^! & o!r diff]5ces d n1 h[ev]1 di/urb ! g5]al organic /ructure4 ,?is has ev]y:]e ! same fundam5tal qualities4 ,society is ess5tially only a va/ly enl>g$ copy ( ! same model t man traces 9 8 own bodily organism4 ,?r\gh a simil> division ( labor ! "w ( ! community is split into trades1 correspond+ to ! tissues 9 ! natural organism4 ,z ! cells 9 "o tissue1 s ! m5 9 "o trade are incessantly occupi$ ) ! same "w4 ,out ( sev]al trades are =m$ ! social organs4 ,a social organ consequ5tly is a c]ta9 community or di/rict p]=m+ a c]ta9 "p ( an indu/ry4 ,?is has be5 call$ 8t]ritorial division ( labor40 ,sev]al su* communities make up an organ-sy/em or an indu/ry4 ,a few su* l>g] units m]ge into ! s+le unit1 ! entire mass ( human individuals z a :ole4 ,! cells ( ! individuals 9 an organism are consequ5tly at once build+-mat]ial & build]s1 & 9 _! latt] capacity are end[$ ) wants & aspirations t ) natural necessity =ce !m to organization )\t consci\s plan or purpose4 ,necessity is ! tea*] t tells !m h[ to organize4 ,"s speak ( a social in/9ct t man does or %\ld possess2 b its exi/5ce has nev] be5 %[n4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is only by ^? ne$s t c only be satisfi$ by a community t m5 are driv5 to unite socially4 ,simil>ly ) ! cells4 ,only by build+ up an organism are !y able to satisfy _! common wants4 ,:at society is to human individuals1 ! natural organism is to ! cells4 ,no trade or indu/ry c be f\nd 9 ! /ate t does n s]ve to provide = "s common want ( ! p1 & no tissue nor organ exi/s 9 ! natural organism b = satisfy+ collective ne$s ( ! cells4 ,^! collective ne$s are at ! same "t ! high] ne$s ( ! individuals4 ,! organism provides ! p[] t ! isolat$ individual does n possess4 ,organization all[s t specializ+ ( ef=t :i* s ess5tially contributes to ! productivity ( labor4 ,! m limit$ ! op]ations ea* individual has to p]=m1 ! m rapidly & p]fectly are !y done4 ,al?\gh ! cell lives 9 a _w inaccessible to our imm$iate compreh5sion1 we /ill possess means to asc]ta9 t x has ! same fundam5tal qualities z man4 ,we obs]ve manife/ations ( life 9 ! cell correspond+ to ^? ( s5sitivity1 feel+ & w-p[] 9 man4 ,! cell's compreh5d+ faculty has be5 t]m$ irritability & its p[] ( action spontaneity4 ,f c]ta9 physiological ph5om5a ! conclusion has also be5 drawn t ! cell likewise possesses memory4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,organic ,relation%ip ,betwe5 ! ,s\l & ! ,cells4 ,hi!rto only little /udy has be5 giv5 to ! spiritual qualities ( ! cells1 & su* inve/igations mu/ always meet ) c]ta9 insurm\ntable difficulties4 ,! reason is t we only judge o!rs by ourselves & we are !re=e unable to und]/& ! spiritual life ( any be+ t is n "o ( our k94 ,if a be+ /&s high] or l[] ?an ourselves its spiritual exp]i5ces1 if n entirely diff]5t f ours1 are at lea/ limit$ & modifi$ by ! be+'s own p[] ( compreh5sion4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ^! be+s %[ manife/ations ( life t we und]/&1 we mu/ conclude t _! spiritual or m5tal life is correspond+ly active4 ,su* a position we occupy ) reg>d to ! be+s call$ cells4 ,f ! result ( _! activities we conclude t !y1 l m51 are end[$ ) aspirations capable ( ! highe/ conceivable evolution4 ,:at economic necessities are to man1 ! art]ial blood is to ! cell4 ,! blood is an artificial product :i* nature no m gives to ! cell ?an x gives clo!s1 food1 h\ses & ! l to man4 ,nature provides ! raw mat]ial & cell & man alike mu/ le>n h[ to adapt x = ! necessities ( life4 ,?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 involves great difficulties4 ,all su* artificial products /& 9 inv]se proportion to ! p[] ( ! individual4 ,! m p]fect !y are ! m impossible x is = ! individual to produce !m4 ,only z citiz5s 9 a community1 t is1 ?r\gh organization1 are ! individuals able to produce su* products z exce$ _! isolat$ =ces4 ,al?\gh we _c compreh5d ! inn] life ( ! cell1 nor ! _w 9 :i* x dwells1 we are able to judge1 f ! wond]ful p]fectness ( ! organisms built by cells1 t !y h rea*$ 9 _! _w & measur$ by _! p[] a high] /ate ( developm5t ?an man4 ,x is n only possible b highly probable t ! human individuals w sometime build an organism ( ! same p]fectness1 b z yet !y h n done s4 ,! cells h long ago pass$ ! /age ( organization t *>act]izes human society at pres5t4 ,f ! fact t ! fir/ purpose ( e organic /ructure is to s]ve ! individuals ( :i* x is compos$1 x foll[s t nobody1 except ^! same individuals1 c build ! organism 9 "q4 ,indep5d5tly ! cells build ! human body "h 9 "t & !y mu/ d ! same 9 ! future life4 ,! organism _c exi/ 9 o!r surr\nd+s ?an ^? = :i* its organs are adapt$4 ,b ?is adaptation c only be effect$ by ! individuals t =m ! build+ mat]ial ( ! organs1 because ! organs j express _! relations to ! _w 9 :i* !y exi/4 ,?us x foll[s ( necessity t man's resurrection or transition f "o _w to ano!r mu/ be id5tical ) ! dy+ cells' upbuild+ ( t organism :i* man %all possess 9 a future life4 ,any o!r =m ( resurrection is nei!r possible nor conceivable4 ,x is fur!r confirm$ by ! relation t exi/s betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells4 ,?is relation%ip1 z we int5d to %[1 is su* t ! s\l receives its entire individuality1 all its =ces & faculties1 f ! cell-organism1 ! previ\s resurrection ( :i* !re=e is an indisp5sable condition = man's own rise to ano!r life4 ,if ! mass ( a body is liv+ ! body itself is alive4 ,! :ole receives its qualities f its elem5t>y compon5ts4 ,! organism itself is a liv+ be+4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! build+ mat]ial ! organism is a society compos$ ( indep5d5tly liv+ individuals2 f ! po9t ( view ( ! :ole aga9 x is a liv+ individual ( high] ord] ?an ! individuals t =m its social side4 ,man is a cell 9 ! social body1 b is himself compos$ ( l[] individuals1 :i* aga9 consi/ ( m prim>y units4 ,man1 consid]$ z be+ possess$ ( a body1 is an individual compos$ ( l[] individuals4 ,we n[ ask ! "q3 ,:at is ! relation betwe5 ! high] individual & ! l[] ones8 ,?is is only ano!r & m exact =m ( ! "q3 ,:at is ! relation betwe5 ! s\l & ! body8 ,because1 :at is ! body & :at is ! s\l8 ,! body is ! sum ( ! l[] individuals1 or1 9 o!r words1 x is ! organiz$ mass ( cells4 ,! s\l1 z ! feel+1 ?9k+ & will+ pr9ciple1 is ! real spiritual unity 9 ?is mass1 or j :at we d5ote by ! ^w man1 or ! high] individual4 ,to ask1 :at is ! relation%ip betwe5 ! high] individual & its l[] con/itu5ts is !re=e ! same z to ask1 :at is ! relation betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells8 ,take away ! latt]1 & !re is no?+ left ( ! body4 ,! cells mean "h ev]y?+1 & x is to !m consequ5tly t ! s\l c be ?\ght to /& 9 relation4 ,=m]ly ! problem 0 to expla9 h[ s\l & body z two sub/antially diff]5t entities 7 relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,!y _h !n no?+ 9 common1 no?+ to enc\rage an int]action4 ,if n[ ! relation holds betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells we h at lea/ comm5surable quantities to deal )4 ,s f> all is well4 ,b n[ o!r difficulties arise4 ,we c & mu/ ask1 h[ an int]action is possible betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells ev5 if !y are =mally1 accord+ to _! inn] nature1 k9dr$ be+s8 ,9 o!r respects !y are n s sep>at$ & diff]5t t a spiritual int]c\rse is inconceivable4 ,z inaccessible z is ! inn] life ( ! cell to man1 s incontigu\s is ! spiritual life ( man to ! cell4 ,^! be+s are s widely sep>at$ t !y _c possibly communicate directly ) ea* o!r1 & yet 9 ord] to e/abli% a m5tal or spiritual int]relation%ip1 su* communication is j :at is necess>y4 ,! s\l & ! cells mu/ h some?+ 9 common t is ( a purely spiritual nature4 ,z ! spiritual always is a compreh5d+ sub/ance ) no?+ b compreh5sions z its cont5t1 ! some?+ common to bo? mu/ consequ5tly h ! =m ( common compreh5sions4 ,n all compreh5sions1 h[ev]1 incite to activity & a small] numb] yet call =? a co-op]ation ( indep5d5tly liv+ individuals4 ,b1 obvi\sly1 ! p]ceptions t conc]n u n[ mu/ be ( ! latt] k9d4 ,! compreh5sions 9 g5]al t induce a be+ to activity we call wants or appetites4 ,9 its desires a be+ conceives its own ego 9 want ( "o ?+ or o!r4 ,! feel+ ( discom=t1 accompany+ ! want1 naturally causes ! endeavor to satisfy ! want ?r\gh a correspond+ ef=t4 ,! incitem5t to activity !n is purely spiritual4 ,are ! s\l ( man & ! cells subject to su* common ne$s1 requir+ _! co-op]ation8 ,if s1 at lea/ _! wants or appetites _c be :olly congru\s4 ,su* are only to be f\nd 9 entirely simil> be+s4 ,b diff]5t wants are satisfi$ 9 diff]5t ways2 ea* requires a c>efully adapt$ =m ( activity4 ,all direct1 imm$iate co-op]ation ( ! s\l & ! cells is !re=e impossible4 ,only man ) man1 or cell ) cell1 c co-op]ate 9 ! prim>y s5se ( ! ^w4 ,b an indirect work+ alliance is n yet preclud$4 ,?\gh !mselves diff]5t1 ! two be+s may compreh5d wants id5tical 9 sub/ance1 b n 9 =m4 ,! =mal discrepancy w\ld require n only diff]5t modes ( satisfy+ ! ne$1 b also diff]5t k9ds ( activity2 b ! common sub/ance might yet "u c]ta9 conditions s unite & int]l9k ! diff]5t labors1 t ! result w\ld %[ a mutual co-op]ation4 ,we %all pres5tly see t ! s\l & ! cells are s unit$ ) ea* o!r t ! connect+ l9k is ! organism p] se4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! cells ! organism1 ) its diff]5t memb]s & organs1 0 no?+ b ! collective expressions ( individual wants4 ,n[ man compreh5ds z 8 ne$s only ! wants ( ! organs2 9 o!r words1 ! collective wants ( ! cells are ! individual wants ( ! s\l4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t ! s\l has no direct compreh5sion ( ! cells1 b only ( _! organic unions4 ,to prove ?is x may be suffici5t to po9t out t be=e ! discov]y ( ! microscope1 man knew absolutely no?+ ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! be+s1 mu* less t !y 7 ! all-gov]n+ =ces 9 8 own body4 ,b also 9 o!r ways we may asc]ta9 t ! compreh5d+ p[] ( ! s\l does n rea* beyond ! organs4 ,?is is app>5t f ! diff]5t significance ! physiological processes h = ! s\l & = ! cells4 ,if we consid] ! mo/ important ( !m all1 our nutrition1 & ask ourselves = :om ! n\ri%m5t is really int5d$1 we f9d t x is = ! cells & = ! cells alone4 ,! food b5efits ! s\l only if x is utiliz$ by ! cells4 ,b ! n\ri%m5t t ! s\l craves does n satisfy ! cells4 ,hung] & satisfaction are n ev5 simultane\s 9 bo?1 at lea/ n z reg>ds ! same food4 ,z a rule1 ! s\l compreh5ds hung] :5 ! cells are satisfi$ & vice v]sa4 ,! s\l's hung] ceases ! mom5t suitable food 9 suffici5t quantity is introduc$ 9 ! /oma*4 ,b ?is does n help ! cells4 ,because1 if ! food rema9$ 9 ! /oma*1 to ! satisfaction ( ! s\l1 ! cells w\ld soon die ( />vation4 ,! n\ri%m5t 9 ! /oma* is ( ! same importance to ! cells z ! provisions /or$ 9 ! w>eh\se ( ! community are to ! human individuals4 ,^! also w\ld die f hung] if !y let ! victuals rema9 9 ! /ores4 ,! p mu/ und]take to di/ribute1 prep>e & consume ! food4 ,simil>ly ! cells w\ld />ve to dea? unless !y prep>$ ! food 9 _! common /orage to suit _! wants4 ,! n\ri%m5t mu/ be trans=m$ into blood ?r\gh ! :ole complicat$ process we call dige/ion4 ,:5 ?is is done1 ! cells are able to satisfy _! crav+1 & simultane\sly a new hung]-feel+ arises 9 ! s\l4 ,al?\gh x is ! same food t satisfies bo? p>ties1 x is ! same food adm9i/]$ 9 diff]5t =ms1 at a diff]5t "t1 & 9 a diff]5t mode4 ,we are conc]n$ ) dissimil> be+s possess$ ( wants at once diff]5t & yet mo/ intimately associat$4 ,! connection is n difficult to und]/&4 ,:5 ! s\l compreh5ds ! ne$ ( ! /oma*1 x is ! collective want ( ! cells t comes to expression z ! individual want ( ! s\l4 ,! diff]5t ne$s receive 9 diff]5t =m an id5tical sub/ance & ?is fact is obvi\sly ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells4 ,we might )\t difficulty c>ry out ! same reason+ 9 reg>d to respiration & all ! o!r physiological processes ( ! body4 ,f :at we h said x is evid5t t ! s\l & ! cells employ ! body diff]5tly2 b = ! sake ( cle>ness ?is ought p]haps to be fur!r acc5tuat$4 ,! diff]5ce may be ?us express$3 ,! s\l acts ) ! memb]s & organs ( ! body z units1 :]eas ! cells p]=m ! "w ( ! organs z individuals4 ,x w\ld be easy to expla9 :at ?is implies if we c\ld po9t to simil> conditions 9 human society4 ,b no exactly simil> in/itutions exi/ !re1 at lea/ n to ! same ext5t4 ,!y w\ld exi/ if ! ideal sociali/ic /ate 0 realiz$4 ,! cells 9 _! sph]e h c>ri$ ?r\gh a communism ( ! mo/ rigid =m4 ,_! social organs !n d n "w at ! cell-individual's own initiative1 b only ^u ! comm& ( ! c5tral p[] & "u its guidance & control4 ,b ev5 9 ! pres5t organization ( mank9d1 we f9d a few organs :i* (f] a sugge/ive comp>ison4 ,especially is ?is ! case ) ! def5sive organ ( society1 ! /&+ army1 :i* is entirely "u ! control ( ! c5tral p[] & acts only ^u its comm& & "u its control4 ,z to its composition ! army is a mass ( indep5d5tly liv+ individuals1 co-op]at+ s z to =m an organic :ole4 ,all ! "w ?is unit p]=ms is done by ! ?\s&s ( soldi]s ( :i* x is compos$4 ,if ! gov]nm5t decides to use ?is organ1 t is if x decl>es w>1 we "k t x leads1 arranges & controls ! army z "o unit4 ,x is n conc]n$ ) ! soldi]s z individuals1 b only z organiz$ masses4 ,exactly analog\s is ! relation betwe5 ! s\l & ! organs1 compos$ ( cells1 9 man's organism4 ,"h also ! cell-individuals p]=m ! "w ( ! diff]5t organs4 ,! s\l is n conc]n$ ) ! cells z individuals4 ,x gov]ns1 guides & sup]9t5ds ! movem5ts ( ! memb]s z elem5ts2 t is1 comm&s ! cells z organic masses4 ,we n[ consid] ! foll[+ facts e/abli%$4 ,! s\l & ! cells are diff]5t be+s ) diff]5t wants4 ,!y d n feel or compreh5d 9 ! same way & c !re=e n h imm$iate p]ceptions ( ea* o!r4 ,h[ev] true ?is is on "o side x is on ! o!r j z c]ta9 t !y are s intimately connect$ z to =m ! same organism ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :i* !y feel _! mutual wants & !re=e mu/ h "s compreh5sion ( ea* o!r4 ,?is /range &1 z x may seem1 contradictory relation dep5ds on ! fact t ! union betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells does n ext5d to _! :ole entity4 ,we h se5 t ! s\l compreh5d$ only ! collective n ! individual wants ( ! cells4 ,)9 c]ta9 def9$ limits !re=e !y h a common sub/ance t causes _! m>vel\s co-op]ation ?r\gh ! body4 ,to und]/& & expla9 ?is cop]ation we mu/ make cle> h[ ! s\l & ! cells 9 _! inn]mo/ nature are unit$4 ,& we %all le>n ?is by go+ to ! bottom ( ! mean+ ( ! expression t a common sub/ance s gov]ns _! relation%ip t ! collective wants ( ! cells become ! individual wants ( ! s\l4 ,h[ !n are ! s\l & ! cells intr9sically connect$8 ,! answ] may be d]iv$ 9 two ways4 ,we might take bo? ! subjective & ! objective side ( ! wants z our po9t ( view4 ,if we fir/ consid] ! subjective side ! relation%ip betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells may be /at$ z foll[s3 ,we h previ\sly po9t$ out t 9 its wants a liv+ be+ p]ceives its own ego z relat$ to some?+ else4 ,?is is an axiom t ne$s no demon/ration4 ,if n[ ! s\l compreh5ds ! collective wants ( ! cells z its own1 ?is c only mean t ! s\l compreh5ds t "p ( ! cells' inn] nature :i* expresses itself z _! collective wants1 z a "p ( its own ego4 ,aga9 ! cells )9 ! same limits on _! "p compreh5d ! s\l's inn] nature z belong+ to _! own individuality4 ,! connection )9 ^! limits is s intimate t !y _c compreh5d !mselves )\t at ! same "t compreh5d+ ea* o!r4 ,! s\l mu/ consequ5tly p]ceive ! body z its own body because ! same wants t cause ! cells to upbuild ! s\l also belong to ! s\l's own entity4 ,on ! o!r h& ! s\l 9 conceiv+ itself _c compreh5d ! cells z su* because ! id5tity is n ext5d$ to _! :ole individuality4 ,:5 a be+ conceives ! wants ( somebody else z its own wants x is at ! same "t directly influ5c$ by ! o!r4 ,?us ! s\l & ! cells act ^u ea* o!r ?r\gh\t ! body4 ,a w ( ! s\l takes ) natural necessity ! =m ( a common impulse ^u ! cells br++ !m into action 9 ! w's direction4 ,if ! s\l1 = in/ance1 wi%es to move an arm or a h&1 a collective want is simultane\sly creat$ 9 ! cells t =m ! organ 9 "q to execute t movem5t4 ,we arrive at ! same result by consid]+ ! fact t ! diff]5t wants ( ! s\l & ( ! cells are id5tical 9 sub/ance4 ,! same sub/ance _c ent] into & def9e diff]5t be+s unless !y !mselves ent] 9 & def9e ea* o!r4 ,z n[ bo? p>ties compreh5d wants id5tical 9 sub/ance1 ! s\l mu/ necess>ily belong to ! cells s t x is ! gr\nd = _! collective wants4 ,b ^! wants 7 ! cell-individual's high] wants1 manife/$ 9 ! organization ( ! body4 ,! s\l !re=e is pot5tially pres5t 9 ! cells 9 ! =m ( _! high] wants & is consequ5tly develop$ along ) ! upbuild+ ( ! body4 ,only :5 ?is is ready is ! s\l's entity develop$4 ,! s\l mu/ !n compreh5d ! organism z its p>ticul> body :5 consci\s ( its own ego1 b ! cells d n ent] into ! s\l's entity z individuals & are !re=e n pres5t z su* 9 man's consci\sness4 ,= ?is organic co-op]ation ! s\l & ! cells ne$ no language1 no signs to communicate ) ea* o!r4 ,x is n ev5 necess>y t !y are aw>e ( ea* o!r's exi/5ce4 ,x is suffici5t t ea* p>ty compreh5ds its own wants & acts = _! satisfaction accord+ to its own nature4 ,if !y d ?is _! co-op]ation ?r\gh ! body receives a simple & at ! same "t complete explanation4 ,b h[ev] natural ?is int]action is1 x is nev]!less a wond] above all wond]s4 ,! _w t exi/s to ! s\l does n exi/ to ! cells1 & vice v]sa4 ,!y h an entirely diff]5t conception ( ! realm 9 :i* !y live4 ,!y h diff]5t appreh5sions1 feel+s & wants & p]=m accord+ly diff]5t functions4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is !y are1 z we h se51 )9 c]ta9 limits s intimately connect$ t ^! diff]5t compreh5sions & labors are int]l9k$ ) ea* o!r1 regulat+ ea* o!r z accurately z ! :eels 9 a clock4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,resurrection4 ,f ! relation%ip exi/+ betwe5 ! s\l & ! cells x appe>s t ! =m] _c live a life indep5d5t ( ! latt]4 ,! s\l receives its entire individuality1 all its qualities1 =ces1 & faculties1 ?r\gh ! organism built by ! cells1 :i* !re=e mu/ exi/ be=e ! s\l c exi/ z ! real unity 9 ! organism4 ,?is does n mean t ! s\l is an empty =m void ( indep5d5t sub/ance4 ,ev5 be=e ! cells h comb9$ into an organic unit ! s\l is pot5tially pres5t 9 !m 9 ! =m ( ! wants t =ce !m to upbuild ! organism1 & ?is organism is t ( ! s\l1 n t ( ! cells1 ( :i* ea* possesses its individual organism4 ,b if ! s\l is pot5tially pres5t 9 ! cells x is only ?r\gh !m t x c arise to a high] life4 ,we h already %[n 9 ano!r connection t a direct transposition w\ld be useless & mean+less4 ,end[$ ) 8 pres5t organs adapt$ to e>?ly conditions1 a man sudd5ly translat$ into ! glories ( a high] _w w\ld ) see+ eyes yet see no?+1 ) he>+ e>s he> no?+ & ) feel+ s5ses w\ld feel no?+4 ,to compreh5d :at !re exi/s & happ5s1 man's own organism mu/ h und]gone a correspond+ radical trans=mation4 ,he mu/ h new1 m p]fect s5ses1 high] spiritual & bodily faculties1 diff]+ f 8 pres5t z f> z ! objects 9 ?is high] _w diff] f ^? on e>?4 ,?is transfigur$ body c only be organiz$ by ! same be+s t built x "h 9 "t4 ,! s\l is insep>ably unit$ ) ^! be+s & is :]e !y are4 ,"h 9 "t man comm5ces ) a cell & ) a cell he mu/ beg9 9 a future life4 ,?is fir/ cell ) :i* man ent]s 8 next =m ( exi/5ce _c logically be any o!r ?an ! fir/ dy+ cell-individual4 ,z no atom1 s no elem5t>y unit ( ! liv+ spiritual body is annihilat$4 ,view$ f our pres5t exi/5ce dea? _c mean any?+ to ! dep>t$ cell-g5]ations b ! cessation ( life & activity 9 ! _w responsive to our s5ses4 ,9 reality !y rise to a high] evolution "u diff]5t conditions & ?is evolution mu/ be id5tical ) ! upbuild+ ( ! glorifi$ body man %all possess 9 a future life4 ,?is =m ( dea? & resurrection1 natural because x is f\nd$ on ! idea & nature ( ! organism1 is common to all liv+ be+s & mu/ s be1 z !y are all built accord+ to ! same g5]al plan & !re=e ess5tially subject to ! same evolution>y processes4 ,! bir? & dea? ( ! l[] individuals 9 :ole g5]ations is kn[n to be a univ]sal ph5om5on 9 e organism & we w n[ endeavor %ortly to expla9 ?is process4 ,if ! s\l ent]s z a real "p 9 e individual cell1 x does n belong diff]5tly to ! fir/ g5]ation ?an to ! la/ or to ! :ole s]ies ( int]m$i>y g5]ations4 ,b "h 9 "t man lives only 9 ! g5]ation exi/+ at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,! g5]ations t 9 ! pa/ successively =m$ ! spiritual sub/ance ( 8 body h already gone out ( "t & ^? t are com+ h n yet made _! entrance4 ,man's entity is ?us split or di/ribut$ ^u a s]ies ( successively exi/+ mom5ts1 ea* ( :i* conta9s only a c]ta9 limit$ "p ( ! organism1 & ! latt] has !re=e 9 reality a f> broad] ext5t ?an is se5 at pres5t4 ,b "t conf9es & re/ricts man n only 9 ?is1 b 9 all respects4 ,to take ano!r example1 we "k t man possesses a multitude ( diff]5t faculties & tal5ts4 ,b 9 "t he _c utilize !m all4 ,z a memb] ( society he devotes himself to a c]ta9 trade or pr(ession4 ,n[ !re are ?\s&s ( diff]5t possible activities & !re=e ?\s&s ( diff]5t tal5ts t e man might develop b nev] c1 simply = lack ( "t4 ,"t is n ev5 suffici5t to fully develop "o human tal5t 9 "o def9ite direction4 ,man has at 8 disposal only ! pres5t mom5t1 & 9 ea* mom5t he c only ?9k "o ?\ght1 p]=m "o act1 satisfy "o ne$4 ,x is said t man %\ld develop all 8 faculties ev5ly1 b s long z he lives 9 "t ?is is an impossibility4 ,z a matt] ( fact man c only live ?is life piecemeal1 & 9 ?is "t-exi/5ce prop] we h ! explanation ( ! fact t man di/ributes 8 body ov] a s]ies ( cell-g5]ations4 ,! law ( ! inde/ructibility ( matt] & en]gy is valid also 9 ! ideal _w & ?is necess>ily s9ce x is a dem& ( ?\ght itself4#c ,appli$ to spiritual sub/ance1 :i* c exi/ only 9 ! =m ( liv+ individuals1 ! law may be express$1 8,all liv+ be+s are immortal40 ,if !re=e ! cell-g5]ations t 9 ! pa/ compos$ man's organism c no m be annihilat$ ?an ! future g5]ations c be creat$ f no?+1 ?is implies t man has an individual exi/5ce n only aft] b be=e 8 entrance into ?is _w4 ,if su* be ! case we mu/ be able to d]ive & expla9 our e>?ly life f ?is pre-exi/5ce4 ,c x n[ be %[n t man's conditions 9 8 pre-exi/5ce are su* t he ne$s & mu/ g ?r\gh an evolution 9 "t8 ,9 t case hi/ory may p]haps give u a h9t h[ to answ] ! "q1 or w\ld ?is pre-exi/5ce be an entirely new ?\ght8 ,by no means4 ,pre-exi/5ce is & mu/ be a fundam5tal idea 9 all religions because !y all suppose t man emanat$ f ,god ?r\gh an orig9al act ( creation4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian religion especially has ?is basic idea ,victor ,rydb]g has fully demon/rat$ 9 a treatise entitl$ 8,man's ,pre-exi/5ce40 ,b al?\gh we may say t all religions tea* a pre-exi/5ce we d n mean t ?is idea has be5 or ev5 c\ld h be5 rightly und]/ood4 ,we might expect j ! contr>y1 z pre-exi/5ce is connect$ ) ! common conception t man's s\l z well z ! mat]ial _w 0 once creat$ 9 "t1 9 :i* case pre-exi/5ce c only mean an exi/5ce ext5d+ v f> back 9 "t4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,god exi/$ b n man1 :i* latt]1 z be+ creat$1 mu/ h an exi/5ce sep>ate f ,god ev5 if he may 9 o!r respects be call$ ,8 image4 ,?is =m ( belief 9 pre-exi/5ce %[s ! same %ortcom+s & is subject to ! same objections z ! :ole or?odox !ory ( creation4 ,z we c & mu/ ask h[ a p]fect ,god c\ld create an imp]fect1 t is1 an evolution>y _w1 we might also ask1 :y 0 man creat$ ) ! necessity = an evolution 9 "t :5 he nev] c\ld develop any?+ b :at ,god _h implant$ pot5tially 9 8 be+8 ,in/ead ( expla9+ evolution ?is !ory only makes x s mu* ! m my/]i\s4 ,besides ?is conception1 h[ev]1 ! religi\s intuition has surmis$ t ! connection betwe5 ,god & man is pr(\ndly deep] & m intimate4 ,man does n h an exi/5ce sep>ate f ,god4 ,?is intuitive ?\ght1 int5sifi$ 9 highly religi\s s\ls1 has l$ !m to prea*1 t man possesses a life 9 ,god2 is "p ( ,8 own be+1 is a liv+ memb] 9 ,8 p]fect organism4 ,if ?is be true1 :y1 aga91 mu/ man g ?r\gh an evolution8 ,is he n z un*angeable z ,god ,himself8 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,man & ,inf9ity4 ,x is ! p]5nial honor ( ,sw$5's greate/ philosoph]1 ,*ri/(] ,jacob ,bo/rm1 to h satisfactorily expla9$ ! extremely difficult & complicat$ "q ) :i* our la/ *apt] conclud$4 ,he has %[n t man1 exactly on ! supposition t he is an et]nal "p ( ,god's be+1 requires & mu/ g ?r\gh an evolution 9 "t4 ,accord+ to ,bo/rm1 religi\s intuition has f\nd ! tru? t man is an et]nal idea 9 ,god1 a liv+ memb] 9 ,8 organism4 ,b ,bo/rm has also und]/ood & consid]$ ! diff]5ce impli$ 9 ?9k+ ( man z a memb] 9 ,god's organism & 9 ?9k+ ( ?is memb] z liv+ its indep5d5t life4 ,9 ! =m] case man possesses ! same qualities z ,god2 9 ! latt]1 ^! qualities ) correspond+ limitations4 ,= an illu/ration ( h[ all limit$ be+s are incorporat$ 9 an absolute p]sonality1 ,bo/rm likes to fall back on ! num]ical sy/em4 ,spiritual be+s =m a s]ies1 z x 71 ( l[] & high] entities1 :]e ! latt] conta9 ! =m] pretty mu* z high] numb]s conta9 ! small]4 ,bo/rm di/+ui%es betwe5 positive & negative attributes1 & means by ! =m] ^? attributes )\t :i* ! be+ _c be ?\ght1 & :i* x !re=e 9 "o s5se conta9s4 ,s = in/ance 9 ! numb] t51 all ! previ\s numb]s are positive attributes because t5 _c be ?\ght )\t !m1 :i*1 h[ev]1 does n imply id5tity ) ei!r ( ! l[] numb]s4 ,on ! o!r h& all ! foll[+ numb]s are negative attributes to ! numb] t5 because ?is may well be ?\ght )\t !m4 ,x conta9s !m only if x is consid]$ z "o po9t 9 ! num]ical sy/em1 9 :i* case x has !m all z attributes4 ,?us1 /ill ref]r+ to ! numb] t51 ?is may be consid]$ complete )9 itself )\t consid]+ ! high] numb]s1 :]eas if we wi% to compreh5d x fully we mu/ see x z a l9k 9 ! num]ical sy/em4 ,t5 w\ld n be ! half ( tw5ty )\t ! latt]1 & s on4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! high] is aft] all requir$ = t ( ! l[] z fully z ! exi/5ce ( ! l[] is necess>y to t ( ! high]4 ,because ea* entity is high] accord+ z x has a l>g] numb] ( ! re/ z its positive & a small] numb] z its negative attributes1 x foll[s t ! highe/ entity1 or ,deity1 has no negative attributes b only positive ones1 :i* ( c\rse is ! true mean+ ( ! expression t ,god is ! mo/ p]fect be+4 ,z a l[] be+ is m p]fectly def9$ :5 consid]$ includ$ 9 a high]1 ?is fact mu/ be ! reason :y all f9ite1 rational be+s 9 _! evolution try to ass]t !mselves 9 ! high] be+s1 up to ! highe/1 by :om !y f9ally obta9 _! full scope & 9 :om only !y live _! complete life4 ,b if ,bo/rm _h liv$ to /udy ! mod]n cytology he w\ld h f\nd a m adequate comp>ison )9 man's organism1 & "o t p]haps 9 sev]al respects w\ld h modifi$ 8 conception ( ! _w ( div9e ideas4 ,god is relat$ to man z man is1 n to ! cell1 b to ! l[] units ( :i* ! cell is compos$4 ,betwe5 ,god & man !re is at lea/ "o o!r organism t we "k (1 namely humanity4 ,b if we ov]look ?is & = simplicity's sake imag9e ! relation%ip z t ( man to cell x %\ld be evid5t f :at has be5 previ\sly said t man is & mu/ be some?+ else to ,god ?an he is to himself4 ,to ,god he is :at ! cell is to man1 a liv+ "p 9 ,8 organism1 & 9 ?is capacity he possesses all ! p]fect qualities ( t organism4 ,liv+ 8 indep5d5t life1 man is 9 ! same position z ! cell 9 8 own be+1 :5 ! cell is ?\ght ( z liv+ ! life x is conf9$ to by its less p]fect organism4 ,al?\gh limit$ to t life ! cell may lit]ally be said to be man's image--b an image ( a v s+ul> k9d4 ,! cell does n reproduce man's traits z does a photograph or a /atue1 b )9 its l[] realm x mirrors ! fundam5tal qualities ( ! orig9al on a v r$uc$ scale4 ,^! limitations c n be conceiv$ by ! cell z su* because !y are natural to x & belong to its entity4 ,! cell is & mu/ feel itself z p]fect 9 its realm z man 9 84 ,only if ! cell c\ld comp>e its conditions ) man's1 ^! limitations w\ld be app>5t to x1 & su* a comp>ison ! cell really und]takes )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,into ea* feel+ ( want ent]s a comp>ison betwe5 ! possess$ & ! desir$4 ,9 ! high] wants1 !n1 t drive ! cells to upbuild man's organism we h a manife/ation ( su* a comp>+ p[] ( ! cell4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t ! cell may live 9 a v]itable natural /ate1 b x is also1 because ( ! pres5ce ( ! s\l 9 its inn]mo/ be+1 capable ( a high culture = ! developm5t ( :i* x receives con/ant impulses & /imulations f ! s\l4 ,9 ! same s5se man may be said to be ! image ( ,god4 ,liv+ 9 ! _w & ! natural /ate1 to :i* he is conf9$ by 8 relatively imp]fect organism1 man has ! qualities ( ,god ) correspond+ limitations4 ,b ev5 9 ?is /ate he feels ! _s ( ,god pres5t 9 him because he is an orig9al "p ( ,god's own organism4 ,9 8 consci5ce & 9 8 religi\s feel+ man n only compreh5ds di/9ctly ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 8 inn] be+ b con/antly receives also impulses1 incitem5ts & inspirations to develop t p]fect life & heav5ly k+dom1 ( :i* he is call$ by 8 high orig9 & div9e bir? to become a citiz54 ,:at ! consci5ce & ! religi\s feel+s are to ! w1 ! logical laws ( ?9k+ are to ! reason1 & 9 ! latt]1 man f9ds ,god z imm$iately pres5t z 9 ! =m]4 ,inde$1 logical laws are ! =m 9 :i* ,god himself exi/s4 ,because ( ,god's pres5ce 9 ! et]nal laws ( our ?9k+1 man is able to appraise himself & 8 condition ) an absolute measure1 & c 9 ?is way obta9 a c]ta9 k ( ,god's _w & ( 8 p]fect qualities4 ,he has only to ab/ract all wants & limitations f su* qualities z h a positive cont5t1 because lack ( want is p]fectness4 ,we %all n[ und]take su* a valuation ) respect to man's ne$ ( evolution "h 9 "t1 :i* quality1 z all ! o!rs1 c be expla9$ & und]/ood only ?r\gh its connection ) ! correspond+ quality 9 ! absolute be+4 ,x is z natural to ,god to be )\t an orig9 & an evolution z x is to man to h !m1 & we might !re=e ask h[ man 9 ?is respect c h any?+ 9 common ) ,god1 a condition :i*1 z we rememb]1 0 indisp5sable = any comp>ison :atev]4 ,to make ?is po9t cle> we may express ourselves 9 a m famili> way4 ,we might speak ( "t & exi/5ce 9 "t1 in/ead ( orig9 & evolution1 z ! latt] are only =ms ( "t4 ,is !re !n a mom5t 9 "t t has a correspond+ mean+ = ,god & ! limitations ( :i* we mu/ ab/ract 9 ord] to und]/& ,god's quality ( be+ et]nal8 ,x is by analyz+ ! relation betwe5 "t & et]nity t we hope to receive an answ] to ! "q :y man mu/ und]go an evolution 9 "t4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s want 9 all t exi/s 9 "t is its lack ( duration2 ev]y?+ has a beg9n+ & an end4 ,) ?is lack ( duration a correspond+ lack ( reality foll[s4 ,! real is real1 only z long z x la/s or only 9 ! pres5t mom5t4 ,ev]y?+ pa/ has ceas$ to exi/ & is !re=e no long] real1 & ! future is unreal because x has n ent]$ ! pres5t4 ,! real 9 "t is id5tical ) ! pres5t1 :i* !re=e mu/ be ! mom5t mo/ l et]nity & ! limitations ( :i* we h to remove4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! pres5t 9 "t suff]s ! want ( ceas+ & s9k+ back into ! pa/1 into unreality4 ,we c ov]come ?is only by rais+ ev]y?+ pa/ f its grave1 s to speak1 & draw+ x simultane\sly into ! pres5t4 ,to ! et]nally pres5t1 no?+ pa/1 end+ or ceas+ c exi/4 ,on ! o!r h& ! pres5t 9 "t suff]s ! same want 9 ! opposite direction1 inasmu* z ev]y?+ future is exclud$ !refrom & ?is future gr[+ reality mu/ !re=e be drawn into ! et]nal4 ,nei!r pa/ nor future c exi/ to ,god2 ,he lives life undivid$ly1 )\t limitations1 & ne$s n1 z man1 plot out 8 exi/5ce 9 a s]ies ( mom5ts4 ,et]nity !n is n id5tical ) un5d+ "t2 x is a diff]5t =m ( exi/5ce1 relat$ to "t z ! p]fect to ! imp]fect4 ,difficult z x is to expla9 :at et]nity implies z ! p]fect =m ( exi/5ce1 x is no less difficult to compreh5d ! inf9ite weal? ( cont5t t su* a =m includes4 ,we w !re=e give a few brief sugge/ions 9 ?is direction4 ,h[ poor 9 cont5t is ev]y?+ pres5t to man1 & likewise h[ defective & unsatisfactory is 8 :ole life "h 9 "t4 ,z a matt] ( fact we c 9 ea* mom5t only ?9k "o ?\ght1 p]=m "o act1 satisfy "o want4 ,we read a book & we are only consci\s ( "o l9e or "o s5t5ce at a "t4 ,we li/5 to a musical creation or admire an exhibition ( art1 & we only he> a few h>monies1 or see a few details ( "o picture1 m di/9ctly at ! "t1 & s on4 ,h[ mu* ri*] w\ld n our life be if we c\ld ?9k ! book f beg9n+ to end at once1 he> ! h>mony ( ! entire oratorio1 n[ focus ! beauties 9 smalle/ details ( ! :ole picture-gall]y to "o po9t4 ,x ev5 dazzles our spiritual eye if we enl>ge ! range ( su* a ri* intuition to encompass n only our ne>e/ environm5ts b our :ole e>? or possibly our entire sol> sy/em1 & yet we h only tak5 "o /ep on a road t has no end4 ,our sol> sy/em is only an insignificant po9t among ^? innum]able worlds t =m ! ,milky ,way1 beyond :i* ! a/ronom]s surmise ! exi/5ce ( o!r ho/s ( />s )\t limit4 ,if we n[ c\ld %>e 9 life at e po9t 9 ?is inf9ity ( worlds1 w\ld !n our conception ( ! cont5t ( et]nity be exact8 ,by no means4 ,we mu/ include 9 ?is pres5t mom5t ev]y?+ t has happ5$ on ^! worlds s9ce ! dawn ( "t & simil>ly all t w occur 9 ! mill5niums to come4 ,is ! et]nal measure n[ full & ov]fl[+8 ,by no means4 ,above u & bel[ u !re are be+s to :om o!r univ]ses exi/ z inf9ite 9 all directions z our own4 ,all ^! inf9ities ( inf9ities mu/ be drawn into et]nity1 b !n1 surely1 ! measure mu/ be full4 ,by no means4 ,we h all ?is "t mov$ )9 ! realm ( ph5om5a1 t is to say1 9 ! f9ite _w2 all ?is is only a fa9t %ad[ ( ! weal? t et]nity conta9s4 ,god lives 9 a light t no man ha? se5 nor yet c see4 ,9 ?is light1 9 ?is p]fectness1 man is a "p ( ! div9e entity4 ,?is life 9 ,god's et]nal consci\sness is man's prim>y & orig9al exi/5ce4 ,only 9 a second>y mean+ is he a self-exi/5t p]sonality & is !n no m id5tical ) ,god ?an ! cell is ) man4 ,man z an entity = himself mu/ h ! natural limitations ( ! "p4 ,conceiv$ by ,god man is et]nal 9 ! div9e s5se1 b conceiv$ by himself man's et]nal life is clo!d 9 ! limitations we call "t4 ,! et]nal is a con/ant pres5t )\t beg9n+ or end1 )\t pa/ or future4 ,:at is pres5t to man mu/ suff] ^! limitations2 9 o!r words1 man mu/ be born1 mu/ g ?r\gh an evolution1 or :at is ! same1 become to himself :at he has be5 et]nally to ,god4 ,9 ?is respect man's relation to ,god may be comp>$ to ! relation ( a newborn *ild to its e>?ly fa!r4 ,to him ! nature & scope ( ! *ild is p]fectly cle>1 b ! *ild is unconsci\s ( x & mu/ awak5 to an und]/&+ !re(1 t is to say1 mu/ become to itself :at x already is to its fa!r4 ,liv+ be+s =m a cont9u\s s]ies 9 ! absolute organism4 ,?is s]ies is su* t ! high] be+s =m ! conditions & supports ( ! l[]4 ,?is connection mu/ be entirely rev]s$ dur+ evolution itself1 :i* naturally proce$s f ! l[] to ! high]4 ,9 "t !re=e ! g5]ation & developm5t ( ! l[] be+s mu/ prec$e t ( ! high]4 ,we h also se5 t ! evolution ( ! =m] is id5tical ) ! upbuild+ ( ! organisms ( ! latt]1 & we und]/& n[ t ! :ole process mu/ ess5tially foll[ ! c\rse :i*1 z we h previ\sly %[n1 x does 9 fact1 actually take4 ,x is fur!r ! inh]5t idea ( "t t man's et]nal entity _c appe> :ole & undivid$4 ,he mu/ plot x out along a s]ies ( successive mom5ts :i* make room = only "o cell-g5]ation at a "t4 ,z ! cell's entity aga9 has a less compreh5sive cont5t ?an man's1 its lifetime mu/ be correspond+ly %ort]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,recapitulation4 ,! !ory we h "h advanc$ may naturally seem />tl+2 = :at c\ld be m =eign to common conceptions ?an ! ass]tion t sci5ce today gives u full evid5ce ( a dea? & a resurrection t comm5ce dur+ our life 9 "t8 ,consid]+ ?is1 x may be appropriate to recapitulate ! sali5t po9ts 9 our l9e ( ?\ght4 ,f prehi/oric times up to our own days all p at all /ages ( evolution h to a man be5 conv9c$ t ! body 9 "s way & 9 "s =m conta9s an imp]i%able & ess5tial "p :i* man _c d )\t 9 a future life4 ,) ?is intuitive & purely in/9ctive fai? z a basis1 ! /eps 9 ! foll[+ hi/orical evolution become fully natural & logical consequ5ces4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t ?is et]nal "p %\ld at fir/ sight be consid]$ id5tical ) ! mat]ial body4 ,!re=e x 0 also natural t a cult ( ! dead w\ld be ! /age :]e all p beg94 ,man sees h[ev] t dea? z a matt] ( fact sep>ates ! immortal s\l f t body :i* ! s\l _c disp5se )4 ,! sep>ation _c be complete because ! ties _c be sev]$4 ,! s\l !n is atta*$ to ! body ev5 aft] dea?4 ,consequ5tly x mu/ be ! duty ( ! surviv+ to provide ! body ( ! deceas$ ) a dwell+ z good & suitable z possible & also ) ! provisions t ! body ne$s4 ,a man c\ld n1 h[ev]1 f9d su* a condition satisfactory = any l5g? ( "t1 & ! ?\ght ( dea? gnaws & torm5ts him4 ,%all ! s\l nev] rega9 possession ( ! body )\t :i* ev5 ! glories ( heav5 are pale & %ad[y8 ,! doctr9e ( ! bodily resurrection on ! day ( judgm5t mu/ be ! next great progress 9 our philosophy ( life4 ,b unusually gift$ p]sons1 b5t t[>ds idealism1 _h already felt in/9ctively t x 0 n ! ext]ior1 mat]ial cov]+ t 0 indisp5sable to ! s\l4 ,man possess$ also ano!r1 a spiritual body :i* ! s\l c\ld imm$iately transf] to ano!r life4 ,we ga9 a glimpse ( ! vividness ( ?is intuition 9 l>ge gr\ps ( m51 :5 we rememb] t ! survivors ev5 s\ght to annihilate ! mat]ial body by ! flames ( ! pyre 9 ord] to lib]ate ! deceas$ f 8 e>?ly ties4 ,! great masses ( ! population c\ld n rise to ?is ideal conception1 & we !re=e f9d ! two fundam5tal ideas prevail+ side by side4 ,"h ! two fir/ epo*s 9 man's hi/ory end4 ,!y %[ u ! intimate connection betwe5 religi\s conceptions & man's und]/&+ ( ! ext]ior _w 9 :i* he lives & acts4 ,! foll[+ /age comm5ces logically ) ! great advancem5t ( ! natural sci5ces4 ,*emi/ry p>tly lifts ! veil t hides ! inn]mo/ nature ( matt]1 & at ! dawn ( ! new sci5ce ! old ideas conc]n+ ! nature ( ! body disappe> l ! %ad[s ( night at ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,a bodily resurrection on doomsday is impossible because e dead body soon] or lat] arises & takes "p 9 ! circulation ( matt]1 s t on ! day ( judgm5t x might be f\nd t ! same mat]ials _h ent]$ ov] & ov] aga9 into ! composition ( a v>iety ( human bodies4 ,x is also a fact t man *anges 8 mat]ial clo?+ sev]al times ev5 dur+ 8 e>?ly life4 ,b ! belief 9 ! ess5tial value ( ! body is too deeply root$ to give away entirely & s we meet x aga9 9 ! mod]n mat]ialism :i* p]haps may be said to emphasize ! significance ( ! body ev5 m ?an ! cult ( ! dead did 9 anci5t "t4 ,b :ile mat]ialism claims z its own ! consequ5ces ( ! revolution>y "w ( *emi/ry1 biology lays ! firm f\ndation = a new & high] developm5t ( religi\s conceptions4 ,biology discov]s & proves ! exi/5ce ( t spiritual body :i* humanity has surmis$ s9ce prehi/oric times4 ,x is to ?is extraord9>ily important fact t we desir$ to call att5tion4 ,we h endeavor$ to draw its consequ5ces only z reg>ds ! cell-g5]ations :i* successively rise & die 9 ! human body z 9 human society4 ,n[ :5 x c be %[n t ^! dy+ g5]ations are et]nal & imp]i%able p>ts ( man's own nature1 ! conception ( dea? & resurrection we h "h advanc$ mu/ be ! only possible "o4 ,! hi!rto common ideas reg>d+ ! translation ( man to ano!r _w h ^u clos] /udy be5 f\nd z nave z !y are unnatural1 because any su* direct transposition ( man's entity is impossible & un?9kable4 ,b h[ev] simple & sci5tifically natural ! !ory "h propos$1 x c\ld n h appe>$ at a mu* e>li] date4 ,x requires n only ! results ( mod]n cytology b also ! wid5+ ( ! idea ( immortality :i* natural sci5ce sugge/s & ov]:elm+ly proves4 ,x presupposes also ! law ( evolution we h endeavor$ to make cle>1 namely1 t be+s end[$ ) common wants & exi/+ 9 simil> surr\nd+s & conditions _c develop1 except by ! upbuild+ ( an organism1 & ?us ent]+ z organic memb]s 9 an individual ( high] ord] ?an !mselves4 ,f ^! premises we might h d$uc$ our !ory ( dea? & resurrection & yet ! :ole process w\ld /ill h seem$ my/]i\s & inexplicable b = ! "w ( our great pr$ecessor1 ,*ri/(] ,jacob ,bo/rm1 t ,plato ( ! ,nor?1 s (t5 misund]/ood by 8 contempor>ies1 or at lea/ m kn[n on acc\nt ( c]ta9 possible defici5cies 9 8 sy/em ?an because ( its imp]i%able m]its4 ,idealism & mat]ialism h hi!rto /ood z two absolutely incompatible contra/s & ! fi]ce battle t cont9u\sly rages1 ev5 9 our days1 betwe5 ! two _w-conceptions c1 accord+ to common notions1 only be br\ght to an end ?r\gh ! complete defeat ( "o ( ! p>ties4 ,we h endeavor$ to %[ t bo? ^! philosophies h common defici5cies1 b t ea* ( !m possesses an ess5tial "p ( tru?4 ,we _c d5y idealism ! m]it ( hav+ look$ f> deep] into ! nature ( ?+s & ph5om5a4 ,:ile admitt+ ?is we _c be bl9d to ! fact t ?is philosophy has left at lea/ "o fact ( ne>ly ov]:elm+ importance totally unexpla9$4 ,if x be true t ! s\l is ! ess5tial "p ( man & is t to :i* alone immortality is grant$1 h[ !n %all we acc\nt = ! fact t ! s\l's evolution1 prop]ly ! "o pr9cipal object ( man1 mu/ /& aside = ! body to su* an ext5t t ! body utilizes1 if n all yet at lea/ ! l>ge/ "p ( man's "t & en]gy8 ,to mat]ialism ?is reply is giv51 b !n aga9 ?is philosophy has be5 unable to answ] all ^? que/ions :i* idealism alone c\ld satisfactorily expla94 ,n[ at la/ we und]/& ! reason = ^! contradictions4 ,! two _w-conceptions suff] ! same ess5tial defici5cy ( hav+ ov]look$ ! fact t ! body conta9s a spiritual organism1 ( ! same importance to man's future life z to 8 pres5t4 ,9 ! !ory "h propos$ mat]ialism 9 a purifi$ =m melts into idealism1 :i* latt] ?us receives ! supplem5t x hi!rto has lack$ z a univ]sal1 satisfactory _w-explanation4 ,we h b>ely outl9$ ?is new1 organic idealism & h treat$ x some:at m ext5sively only ) ref]5ce to dea? & resurrection4 ,b also on ?is po9t our "w1 z all human ef=t1 is only piecemeal labor4 ,z soon z we h advanc$ "o /ep1 o!r entirely new que/ions arise4 ,we already disc]n b\ndless expanses ( problems 9 ! same direction & %all "h po9t out "o example4 ,! organic *anges1 *>act]iz+ old age & prec$+ ! s-call$ natural dea?1 are comp>atively well /udi$ & kn[n4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is1 natural sci5ce is unable to tell u ! und]ly+ cause 9 ! inn] nature ( ! organism1 & x is ev5 admitt$ t we "k no reason :y ! process %\ld n foll[ an entirely opposite c\rse4 ,f our po9t ( view man has an individual cont5t l>g] ?an t includ$ 9 ! successive mom5ts ( "t1 & dea? %\ld normally ent] ) ! translation ( ! la/ cell-g5]ation4 ,x is true t z civilization advances man's lifetime is con/antly increas+1 s t we may look =w>d to a "t :5 mo/ m5 w die a natural dea?4 ,b if we meet a premature dea?1 z is n[ g5]ally ! case1 c ?is1 & o!r di/urb+ int]ruptions 9 ! natural process1 aft]w>ds be repair$8 ,let u hope t ?is is possible1 b a decisive answ] we _c give4 ,our conviction is t ,god does n int]f]e to help man ei!r 9 ! transition itself or 9 a future life 9 any o!r way ?an he does "h 9 "t4 ,c]ta9ly ! cl]ical or?odoxy has rightly und]/ood ! div9e guidance 9 its tea*+ ( ,god's g5]al provid5ce1 compris+ ! :ole creation1 ,8 special provid5ce 9 reg>d to mank9d1 & ,8 mo/ p>ticul> provid5ce1 limit$ to ! fai?ful2 t is1 to ^? t let !mselves be gov]n$ by ! div9e w4 ,critical exp]i5ce has nev] discov]$ any ext]ior1 occasional int]f]5ce1 :i* moreov] is utt]ly impossible4 ,god is pres5t & active 9 ! et]nal & un*angeable laws ( nature & _s4 ,s9 & puni%m5t1 virtue & rew>d1 are connect$ ) ea* o!r z reason & conclusion1 cause & effect4 ,man is himself ! cause ( 8 acts & !y br+ _! inevitable consequ5ces4 ,! man !re=e :o consci\sly & purposely di/orts 8 own natural evolution or t ( o!rs /&s be=e himself & be=e 8 fell[ m5 burd5$ ) a t]rible responsibility4 ,,footnotes #a ,! late/ rese>*es 9 reg>d to ! newly discov]$ corpuscles %[ t ^! 8bodies0 h a mass proportional to ! squ>e ( _! velocity1 ?us =c+ u to conclude t !y at re/ h no mass4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 ! anci5t duali/ic _w ( matt] & =ce is m]g+ into a l>g] unity :]e life directs =ce to s]ve its specific purposes4--,translator's note4 #b ,*emi/s und]/& t ! s-call$ native iron1 f\nd1 = in/ance1 9 ,gre5l&1 =ms no real exception m ?an ! *emical reactions t absorb heat =m exceptions to ! g5]al law t *emical processes set heat free1 because if ! necess>y simultane\s reactions are tak5 into acc\nt1 all ! reactions z a :ole %[ a surplus ( heat4--,translator's note4 #c ,bjrklund might "h prop]ly h ref]r$ to 8 previ\s demon/ration ( ! fact t life has no roots 9 "t1 consequ5tly is indep5d5t ( ?is pr9ciple--i4 e41 immortal4--,translator's note4 ,,index ,absolute organism1 !1 #ahg4 ,a*illes1 #ad4 ,activity1 incitem5t to1 #aed4 ,adaptation1 #adi4 ,aff9ity1 #ig4 ,agni1 ! elem5t>y1 #bd4 ,annihilation contr>y to nature1 #a1 #afh4 ,army organization1 #aei;f4 ,art & organic matt]1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #aai;f4 ,ask & ,embla1 #ba4 ,a!ns1 #i4 ,bact]ia1 #eg4 ,belief 9 future life1 #b4 ,biology & ! spiritual body1 #aib4 ,bjrklund1 ,johan ,gu/af1 ,,vii4 ,body1 importance ( !1 #ah4 ,bo/rm1 ,*ri/(] ,jacob1 #agd1 #aid4 ,burial c]emonies1 #i1 #bj4 ,b*n]1 #dh;f1 #ef1 #fb1 #fi1 #gc1 #ge1 #hc4 ,causality1 #aah1 #aai4 ,cause1 suffici5t1 #aag4 ,cells1 liv+ units1 #bg1 #bi2 man1 a community (1 #cj2 a sy/em (1 #adb4 ,*emical reactions1 #gf1 #hb4 ,*9ese civilization1 #aj2 dea?-cultus1 #aa4 ,*lorophyll1 #aae4 ,*ri/ianity1 #af1 #bj4 ,*ur* burial1 #af4 ,circulation1 blood1 #gh4 ,civilization1 antiquity ( ,*9ese1 #aj4 ,cohesion1 #ig4 ,consci5ce1 #dd4 ,consci\sness1 #de4 ,combu/ion1 #ib1 #id;ff4 ,communism1 cell1 #aei4 ,cop]ation1 inn]mo/1 #afa4 ,corporeal exi/5ce1 s\l's crav+ =1 #ae4 ,cosmic cata/rophe1 a1 #ajc4 ,creation1 or?odox !ory (1 #fg1 #agc4 ,cremation1 #ba1 #bd4 ,cu/oms1 grave1 #ac4 ,c\langes1 ,fu/el de1 #g1 #aj4 ,cytology1 #bh1 #bi1 #agg1 #aic4 ,d>w9's !ory1 #fb4 ,dea?1 & dissolution1 #a2 9 mid-ocean1 #ab4 ,dea?-cultus1 #aa1 #di1 #ahi1 #aib4 ,decay1 #aje1 #aaf4 ,deity1 #agf4 ,dextrose1 #hb4 8,division ( labor10 organic1 #ada4 ,dogma1 #af1 #ea4 ,doomsday1 #aia4 ,dove1 #abh4 ,dualism1 ecclesia/ical1 #ba1 #hh4 ,dus*1 von1 #eg4 ,duty ( matrimony 9 ,*9a1 #ab4 ,dy+ & r5ewal1 process (1 #abe4 ,e>?1 hi/ory ( our1 #ajj4 ,ego1 p]ceiv$ z relation1 !1 #afb;f4 ,elysian fields1 #ae4 ,en]gy ( a liv+ be+1 !1 #gb4 ,entity1 ! s\l's1 #afd2 man's1 #afi2 ! div9e1 #ahe4 ,equival5ts ( en]gy1 #hi4 ,eskimo1 !1 #ac4 ,et]nal1 !1 #aha1 #ahe;f4 ,et]nity1 #ahc4 ,e!r1 #hi4 ,evolution1 #ag1 #bf4 ,exi/5ce beyond ! grave1 #cg4 ,exp]i5ce1 daily1 #gg4 ,fai?1 f\nd$ on probability1 #cg4 ,fe>1 effect (1 #aca4 ,fe*n]1 ,gu/av1 ,v4 ,fl\r5s1 #abi4 ,folk-lore1 ,,iv4 ,food1 #aef4 ,=ces1 inorganic1 #gd2 z qualities1 #gf2 & resi/ance1 #hg4 ,=ms ( en]gy1 #hh4 ,f\ndation fact1 ,bjrklund's1 ,,xii4 ,fries1 ,s4 ,a4 ,d4 ,d41 ,,vii4 ,fuel1 organic1 #ic4 ,function1 bodily1 #dh4 ,fun]al c]emonies1 #g4 ,furnace heat & ! sun1 #aji4 ,future life1 mod]n attitude t[>d1 #d4 ,geology1 #fb1 #fi4 ,gho/s1 #be4 ,god1 image (1 #bb2 pres5ce (1 9 logical laws1 #ahj4 ,granfelt1 #ai4 ,grave1 communications f !1 #g2 9 ,*9a1 #ab4 ,grew1 #bh4 ,h>vey's =mula1 #ee;f1 #eh1 #fb;ff1 #fg1 #abb4 ,heat1 equival5ts (1 #ih;f4 ,hi/orical process1 !1 #df1 #gj1 #ahh;f4 ,hi]ologi/s1 ,g]manic1 #bb4 ,h(fman1 #eh4 ,hn]1 #bb4 ,humanity1 a high] organism1 #abf2 ! l9k betwe5 ,god & man1 #agg4 ,hung]1 #aef4 ,hydrates ( c>bon1 #hb4 ,idea1 man1 ,god's et]nal1 #agd4 ,idealism1 #ah1 #aid4 ,image ( ,god1 ! s\l an1 #agb;f1 #agi4 ,immat]ial exp]i5ce1 #de1 #ej4 ,immortality1 in/9ctive1 #a1 #b2 ( ! cell1 #abd4 ,inc5tives1 #aai4 ,inde/ructibility ( matt] & en]gy1 #agj4 ,indian tribes1 #ac4 ,indu/ry1 a common ne$ (1 #ade4 ,in]tia1 #aaa4 ,in/9ct1 fai? &1 #d1 #f2 social1 #add4 ,intellect1 me*anical equival5t (1 #ij4 ,intellig5ce & ! s\l1 #acb4 ,intuition1 #bf1 #dd1 #agc;f4 ,islam1 #ae4 ,judaism1 #ae4 ,jungle ( mat]ialism1 !1 ,,xv4 ,key1 ,ell51 ,,viii4 ,laboratory results1 #hc1 #hd4 ,language1 cell1 #afd4 ,lavoisi]1 #gb4 ,life-=ce1 s-call$1 #ga1 #gc1 #aba4 ,life1 sup]natural orig9 (1 #abc4 ,logical laws ! =m 9 :i* ,god exi/s1 #ahj4 ,limitations1 man's1 #agh4 ,lodur1 #ba4 ,ma*9e1 ! liv+1 #gi1 #aci4 ,malpighi1 #bh4 ,man1 a social organism ( cells1 #cb2 responsibility (1 #aih4 ,mat]ial1 organic1 #aab;f4 ,mat]ialism1 #ai1 #di1 #he4 ,matrimony 9 ,*9a1 #aa4 ,matt]1 #dg1 #fh1 #hh1 #if1 #aah4 ,me*anical toy1 man n a1 ,,xiv4 ,me*anism ( ! organism1 #ach4 ,memory1 #adf4 ,metamorphosis1 #dj4 ,micro-organic _w1 !1 #eh4 ,mid-ocean1 dea? 91 #ab4 ,microscope1 !1 #bh1 #aee4 ,mirbel1 ,brisseau de1 #bi4 ,m9d1 "t-b\nd & space-b\nd1 ,,xiv4 ,mold5hav]1 #bi4 ,molecules1 #if4 8,moss-clad fragm5t10 !1 #fe4 ,motility1 me*anical1 #gi4 ,mutability1 #ia4 ,my?ology1 ,g]manic1 #ba4 ,nations z organisms1 #ca4 ,natural sci5ce1 #dh1 #aia4 ,nirvana1 ,,xiv4 ,nobel prize1 !1 ,x4 ,negroes1 immortality ideas among1 #ab4 ,nord5skold1 #ac4 ,norse sagas1 #ae4 ,od91 #bb4 ,omne vivum ex vivo1 #ei4 ,organic /ructure1 #cc1 #hc1 #hd4 ,orig9 ( life1 !1 #gj4 ,oxyg51 #ajb4 ,pacific ,ocean1 #aj4 ,p>asites1 #ed4 ,p>seeism1 #ae4 ,pa/eur1 #eh4 ,p]man5ce1 law (1 #hi1 #ia4 ,p]sonal exi/5ce aft] dea?1 #f4 ,philosophy ( sci5ce1 !1 #gc4 ,pol> regions1 #aj4 ,pre-exi/5ce1 #aga4 ,prehi/oric beliefs1 #d1 #ahh4 ,pres5t1 ! et]nally1 #ahb4 ,pres5tim5t1 #b4 ,prie/ley1 #gb4 ,primitive ideas ( immortality1 #aj4 ,pr9ciples ( life & physical =ce1 #ij1 #ia1 #aba4 ,propagation1 #ed1 #ee1 #fa4 ,provid5ce1 #acc1 #aig4 ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 society =1 ,,iii4 ,psy*ologic ord] ( evolution1 #e4 ,purpose1 organic1 #adi4 ,pyre1 ! fun]al1 #aij4 ,reason+1 headlong1 #bj4 ,re-bir?1 #dj4 ,recapitulation1 #ahh4 ,religi\s in/9cts1 #ag4 ,resurrection1 #ae;f1 #aej1 #aff1 #aij4 ,rydb]g1 ,victor1 #ba1 #agb4 ,sagas1 #ae4 ,samoy$e grave1 a1 #ac4 ,s*eele1 #gb4 ,s*rd]1 #eg4 ,s*ultze1 #eg4 ,s*wann1 #eg4 ,sci5ce & resurrection1 #af1 #bj1 #gd4 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis ( sci5ce1 !1 ,,xiv4 ,s91 #aih4 ,skeptical attitude1 mod]n1 #c;f4 ,society1 human1 #cb1 #adc1 #aeh4 ,sol> sy/em1 !1 #ahd4 ,sorc]]s1 #be4 ,s\l1 future life ( !1 #h1 #ad2 physiologi/s & !1 #abg2 functions ( !1 #acj1 #acd2 a spiritual pr9ciple1 #aea4 ,spallanzani1 #eg4 ,spiritual body1 a1 #ai;f1 #bb1 #bf1 #cd;f1 #aij1 #aie2 vision1 #dc2 int]action1 #aeb2 be+s1 #age4 ,spontane\s g5]ation1 #ea1 #eb1 #ei1 #aje1 #abb4 ,sub/ance1 liv+1 #abd2 compreh5d+1 #aec4 ,sun1 importance ( !1 #ajd4 ,sup]natural =ces1 #de1 #fg4 ,/eam eng9e1 art & !1 #ajh1 #aaj4 ,sw$i% ,peace ,society1 ,x4 ,teleological causality1 #aah4 ,telepa?y1 ,,iii4 ,?omson1 ,sir ,william1 #fc4 ,"t1 a =m ( exi/5ce1 #aha4 ,tissues1 !1 #adb4 ,tomb1 life 9 !1 #g4 ,tool1 ! organism a1 #ace4 ,transc5d5tal _w1 a1 #db4 ,treviranus1 #bi4 ,units1 organic1 #aea4 ,unity ( ! organism1 #aff;f4 ,upsala1 ,,vii4 ,v$a ,aryans1 #ba1 #bc;f4 ,virtue1 #aih4 ,vis in]tia1 #aaj;f4 ,vitali/ic doctr9e1 #gb4 ,w inc5tive1 #aai4 ,whl]1 #ha4