,,bad ,,dra9s2 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,te/ ,,!m3 ,,) ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,v5tilation ,,( ,,sew]s1 ,,dra9s1 ,,& ,,sanit>y ,,fitt+s1 ,,& ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,transmission ,,( ,,zymotic ,,disease4 ,,by ,r4 ,,h>ris ,,reeves4 ,illu/ration ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,,/r&1 ,,london4 ,,new ,,york3 #ce1 ,,murray ,,/reet4 #ahhe4 ,,introduction4 ,! impetus giv5 to improvem5ts 9 sanit>y matt]s by ! conf]5ces held dur+ la/ ye> at ! ,heal? ,exhibition1 z well z ! desire %[n by eng9e]s & o!rs to improve ! sanit>y condition ( t[ns1 has induc$ me to publi% ! foll[+ sy/em ( detect+ defects 9 dra9age & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t grave errors h be5 committ$ by eng9e]s1 ar*itects1 & build]s1 bo? 9 plann+ ! fitt+s ( h\ses & 9 lay+ dra9s to ! ma9 sew]s1 dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,^! errors h be5 f\nd to h produc$ s]i\s effects on ! public heal?4 ,!y h also be5 ! means ( e/abli%+ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry a numb] ( ,sanit>y ,protection ,societies4 ,^! in/itutions h be5 ! means ( sav+ _m useful lives1 b ,i tru/ t ! day is n f> di/ant :5 ^! societies w cease to exi/1 & su* t]ms z 8sci5tific plumb]s0 & 8sanit>y arrangem5ts c>ri$ out on ! mo/ sci5tific pr9ciples0 w be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,to my m9d x is a national disgrace to "k t 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury ar*itects & build]s fix$ fitt+s to h\ses1 & laid dra9s f h\ses to sew]s1 :i* affect$ ! heal? ( ! occupants to su* an ext5t t x 0 necess>y to e/abli% insurance (fices to protect p]sons f be+ kill$ by workm5 or _! employ]s4 ,:at a page = future hi/orians6 ,! "w or purpose ( dra9s & sanit>y fitt+s is to c>ry (f by wat] ! soil & dirt f our h\ses1 & x is lam5table to ?9k t ?is _c be done )\t injury to life4 ,:at %\ld we say if ! same precautions 7 necess>y to te/ or exam9e ! "w ( o!r pr(essions or trades8 ,to _m ! sy/em describ$ 9 ^! pages may appe> new1 b x is by no means s1 z x 0 discov]$ & us$ by me 9 #ahhj1 & 0 !n ! means ( f9d+ out s]i\s defects 9 a suppos$ p]fect dra9age sy/em4 ,f t "t up to ! pres5t x has prov$ ( consid]able value 9 det]m9+ any defect 9 ! con/ruction ( dra9s & fitt+s4 ,) ! detector & anemomet] ,i h be5 enabl$ to discov] ! cause ( s _m failures 9 sew] v5tilation1 & to trace ! orig9 & transmission ( _m cases ( zymotic disease4 ,! object ( ?is "w is to place ! same k 9 ! h&s ( e p]son connect$ ) sanit>y "w4 ,may1 #ahhe4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,bad ,,dra9s1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,te/ ,,!m #a ,,sew] ,,v5tilation #cb ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,transmission ,,( ,,zymotic ,,disease #ef ,,bad ,,dra9s2 ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,te/ ,,!m4 8,bad ,dra9s40 ,h[ (t5 has ?is t]m be5 us$ dur+ ! la/ few ye>s8 ,by ! m$ical pr(ession alone1 ?\s&s ( cases h be5 attribut$ to ?is cause4 ,to ! hon\r & cr$it ( t pr(ession its memb]s h ?\ght out & work$ out ! cause ( innum]able cases ( disease "u _! *>ge1 & rightly fix$ _! orig9 to be due to 8bad dra9s40 ,9 _m cases x has be5 b a fa%ionable t]m to describe cases :i* _h ! appe>ance ( gas poison+1 b did n owe _! orig9 to dra9s2 b r to ! heat$ & impure atmosph]e ( rooms1 late h\rs1 & ! sudd5 *ange f heat to cold4 ,if !re h be5 a few hundr$ cases :]e 8bad dra9s0 7 suppos$ to h caus$ ! illness & su* 0 n ! case1 !re h be5 ?\s&s ( o!rs :]e ! disease orig9at$ f !m1 b 0 tak5 z a matt] ( c\rse1 or z "o ( ! frailties ( ! human frame1 :5 und\bt$ly ! cause 0 8bad dra9s40 ,x is a mo/ rem>kable ?+1 t :il/ on ! "o h& we h ! m$ical pr(ession en]getically work+ to f9d out defects 9 ! plann+ ( dra9s & sanit>y fitt+s1 & writ+ articles on !m1 we h on ! o!r h& surveyors & o!rs :o h treat$ ! matt] z a doctor's fad4 ,dur+ ! la/ five ye>s sc>cely a m$ical conf]5ce has be5 held )\t ! "q ( 8bad dra9s0 =m+ "o ( ! pr9cipal subjects discuss$4 ,m$ical (fic]s ( heal? h made /irr+ spee*es & reports to ,local ,bo>ds2 b :]e is ! surveyor :o has _h ! en]gy to d ! same unless x has be5 actually =c$ ^u him8 ,x is a curi\s b notewor?y fact1 t ne>ly ! :ole ( ! evils ( badly con/ruct$ dra9s1 & ! pr9cipal improvem5ts 9 !m1 h be5 =c$ on surveyors1 build]s1 & plumb]s by ! m$ical pr(ession & ! public4 ,! retic5ce %[n by surveyors 9 deal+ ) 8bad dra9s0 may be attribut$ to _! unwill+ness to ackn[l$ge ! errors & defects 9 works already execut$4 ,^! works 71 at ! "t1 execut$ accord+ to ! !ories adopt$ by ! mo/ em95t eng9e]s 9 ! pr(ession1 & x w\ld be consid]$ unpr(essional to admit errors4 ,!re is sc>cely a di/rict 7except+ :]e dra9s h be5 laid )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s7 :]e ! bran* dra9s are trapp$ into ! ma9 sew]s ) an effici5t wat]-seal4 ,surveyors feel t to ackn[l$ge ?is w\ld be tantam\nt to ackn[l$g+ a want ( pr(essional k or neglect ( duty on _! "p4 ,n[1 /rictly speak+1 ?is c\ld n be ! case1 & a surveyor 7plac$ 9 su* a position :]e he kn[s t !re are defects 9 8 dra9age sy/em1 & probably ^! errors 7 made by himself17 c\ld say t ^! n[ kn[n defects 7 n previ\sly kn[n by ! mo/ em95t eng9e]s1 & especially ) reg>d to sew]-gas1 its treatm5t1 & action on ! public heal?4 ,boldly fac+ ! matt] & advocat+ t ! dra9age "u 8 *>ge %\ld be s p]fect$ t no m$ical man c\ld po9t to x z be+ detrim5tal to heal?1 if x entail$ an unusual exp5diture1 com+ f ! surveyor he w\ld c>ry ! ,bo>d ) him1 & 9 do+ s w\ld make 8 position at ! ,bo>d d\bly secure4 ,to prove ?is we h only to ref] to reports made by eng9e]s dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s on dra9age s*emes1 comp>e ! results ( ! !ories laid d[n1 & note ! in/ances 9 :i* !y h fail$1 especially ^? 9 connection ) sewage f>ms & ! v5tilation ( sew]s4 ,i w quote a few extracts f ^! reports3-- 8,no injury to heal? c possibly take place f gas issu+ f prop]ly con/ruct$ grat+s fix$ 9 ! middle ( ! road1 & if "o is a nuisance1 dig d[n & put 9 o!rs until ! nuisance is remov$40 ,?is has c]ta9ly n be5 ! case4 ,y may dig z _m holes z y l1 & put 9 z _m grat+s1 yet "s w be injuri\s to heal?4 ,9 describ+ sewage f>ms1 !y 7 describ$ z be+ 7if adopt$7 ! means ( secur+ a l>ge rev5ue to ! ,local ,bo>d by ! excell5t crops gr[n1 "o eng9e] /at+ t p]sons c\ld walk ?r\gh !m ) z mu* pleasure z ?r\gh a fl[] or kit*5 g>d52 b practical exp]i5ce has prov$ ?is to be incorrect3 & al?\gh ^! /atem5ts 7 made 9 good fai?1 !y h n be5 realis$4 ,y may regulate ! irrigation ( a sewage f>m to su* a nicety t no od\r f ! sewage is p]ceptible 9 ! di/rict2 yet ! atmosph]e w conta9 poisons :i* w h a v detrim5tal effect on ! heal? ( ^? liv+ !re4 ,= a few ye>s aft] sewage f>ms h be5 laid out1 !y pay1 & y get good crops f !m1 b aft] t ! gr\nd becomes s s\r$ t ! f>m is almo/ useless4 ,9 face ( ^! facts no surveyor %\ld hesitate to br+ =w>d kn[n improvem5ts to 8 ,bo>d4 ,_m own]s ( prop]ty h recognis$ ! importance ( adopt+ ! be/ sanit>y measures = _! h\ses1 al?\gh 9 "s cases x is only a plea to let or sell _! prop]ty4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 "s "t ago ,i 0 9 se>* ( a h\se 9 ! suburbs1 & met ) "o describ$ z /&+ on good gravelly soil1 ) good dra9age & p]fect sanit>y arrangem5ts4 ,! build] & own] took me ov] ! h\se1 & on rea*+ ! kit*5 po9t$ out ) "s degree ( pride t ! s9k 0 cut (f f ! dra9s1 & /at$ t ! dra9s 7 con/ruct$ on ! mo/ 8sci5tific pr9ciples40 ,n[ al?\gh sci5tific plumb]s h done good "w 9 mak+ our dwell+s m heal?y1 !y h 9 _m cases ov]done ! matt]4 ,! fact ( _! display+ conspicu\sly1 on signs & billheads1 8,sanit>y "w execut$ on ! mo/ sci5tific pr9ciples10 is n always a gu>antee t a heal?y h\se c be receiv$ f _! h&s4 ,9 ! h\se above ref]r$ to1 ev]y?+ to ! eye appe>$ s\nd & good1 b on ! h\se be+ occupi$1 a disagreeable od\r 0 notic$ 9 ! kit*51 & 9 "s ( ! l[] rooms4 ,! s9k-pipe1 :i* 0 po9t$ out by ! build] z be+ 8cut (f10 ran f ! s9k tr\gh )\t a trap or wat]-seal ( any k9d1 & ?r\gh ?is pipe1 :5 ! doors 7 %ut1 ! air 0 suppli$ to ! build+ at ! rate ( #ahj feet p] m9ute4 ,! back ( ! ,w4,c4 0 v5tilat$ f ! outside to give free v5tilation to ! space "u ! seat1 & ?r\gh ! v5tilators 7:i* 7 work+ z inlets7 ! air came into ! h\se1 :i* suppli$ ! b$rooms1 pass+ ov] ! pan1 betwe5 x & ! seat4 ,! above is an illu/ration ( a h\se :]e ! sanit>y arrangem5ts 7 suppos$ to be on ! mo/ sci5tific pr9ciples6 ,fre% air be+ suppli$ to b$rooms by pass+ ov] ! closet-pan1 & 9 ! kit*5 & rooms bel[ by pass+ ?r\gh a #b-;in* s9k-pipe4 ,?is is "o ( ! _m cases t may be m5tion$ to %[ ! necessity ( te/+ any sy/em ( dra9age & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,?is is n an unusual occurr5ce1 z ?\s&s ( simil> cases exi/1 :]e ! pr9cipal air supply passes ov] sanit>y fitt+s or ?r\gh ap]tures :i* br+ x 9 contact m or less ) decompos$ matt]4 ,9 a build+ :]e a numb] ( fireplaces exi/1 a con/ant curr5t ( air is pass+ 9 f ! outside1 :i* aft] mix+ ) ! air 9 ! build+ escapes up ! *imney4 ,an ord9>y *imney extracts f ! room f #fj to #abj cubic feet ( air p] m9ute1 ?us 9 a t5-room$ h\se y h go+ out ( ! *imneys at lea/ #ajjj cubic feet ( air p] m9ute4 ,:5 ! h\se is clos$ ?is l>ge volume ( air is drawn into x ?r\gh ap]tures (f]+ ! lea/ resi/ance1 :e!r x be v5tilators 9 ! w4c41 kit*5 s9ks1 or dra9s 9 ! basem5t 7:i* traps may h be5 siphon$71 ov] sanit>y pipes or ?r\gh doors & w9d[s4 ,:i*ev] po9t (f]s ! lea/ resi/ance1 !re ! supply to fe$ ! *imneys w come4 ,! injuri\s effects on ! heal? ( p]sons :o occupy build+s t take 9 _! air supply ?r\gh unclean ap]tures are too well kn[n to ^? m$ical m5 & o!rs :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 sanit>y matt]s1 & x c be only e/imat$ by results4 ,i c\ld enum]ate cases :]e ! heal? ( ! inmates & ! dea?-rate 7 conclusive evid5ce to prove ! disa/r\s effects produc$ by air be+ suppli$ ?r\gh su* inlets4 ,"o case 9 p>ticul>1 :i* consi/$ ( eight blocks ( build+s plann$ exactly alike4 ,! dra9s 7 cut (f on ! outside at ! foot ( all soil-pipes1 & a second disconnection ab\t #ej feet f ! build+4 ,9 "o build+ ! basem5t 0 dra9$ into ! bran* dra9 ) a trap 9 ! inside1 & f ! quantity ( wat] & soil :i* fl[$ ?r\gh ?is bran* dra9 ! basem5t trap 0 con/antly be+ siphon$1 leav+ a #f-;in* air supply into ! build+ ?r\gh #ej feet ( dra94 ,?is1 comb9$ ) #bjj feet p] m9ute ?r\gh ! ,w4,c41 _h ! effect ( caus+ an unusual depression ( spirits 9 ! occupants ( ?is build+1 & m dea?s occurr$ 9 ?is "o block ?an 9 ! :ole ( ! o!rs4 ,x does n require a l>ge am\nt ( sci5tific k to ensure a heal?y build+4 ,:at is requir$ is s\nd pipes1 ! area ( !m 9 proportion to ! "w !y h to d1 tight jo9ts1 & a k ( v5tilation4 ,no?+ mu/ be left to !ory4 ,a pipe ei!r leaks & lets out ! soil1 or x is s\nd4 ,if x is s\nd1 sewage matt] c be c>ri$ ?r\gh x any:]e )\t ! slighte/ injury to heal? or unpleasantness ( any k9d4 ,pipes c be v5tilat$ )\t traps be+ siphon$1 & ! gases f sew]s & soil-pipes treat$ s z to ensure heal?y build+s at a mod]ate co/4 ,z a rule1 ! fir/ intimation ( any defect 9 ! dra9age sy/em ( a t[n or ! sanit>y fitt+s ( a build+ is giv5 by ! m$ical (fic] ( heal? or ! m$ical att5dant ( ! family1 ^: att5tion has be5 =cibly drawn to x by ! s]i\s illness ( ! inmates4 ,x is no unusual occurr5ce1 t aft] ! m$ical (fic]1 surveyor1 & inspector ( nuisances h made a m9ute inspection ( a build+1 !y leave x )\t discov]+ defects :i* exi/ 9 pipes c>efully cas$ ov]1 or 9 ! sanit>y fitt+s4 ,to detect ! mann] 9 :i* poisons f dra9s are ?r[n into a build+ & inhal$ by ! occupants1 is (t5times n an easy matt]4 ,9 _m cases ! dra9s h be5 s cut ab\t & additions made to !m1 t to trace defects or ev5 ! numb] ( dra9s :i* are atta*$ to ! bran* dra9s or sew]s1 a consid]able am\nt ( excavat+ is necess>y4 ,! sy/em describ$ 9 ^! pages is int5d$ to prev5t 9 a measure ?is excavat+1 & to enable a p]son above ! gr\nd to det]m9e ! numb]1 capacity1 & /ate ( ! dra9s und]nea? ! surface1 z well z to m readily discov] any imp]fections 9 soil-pipes & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,:5 sew]s are laid to a t[n or di/rict1 x is ! practice ( ! au?orities to let ! "w by t5d]1 ! l[e/ t5d] be+ (t5times accept$2 consequ5tly x is 9 ! int]e/ ( ! contractor to get ! "w done z quickly & *eaply z possible4 ,x is impossible = ! eng9e]1 or cl]k ( works1 to see ! :ole ( ! "w done1 & ! result is t a l>ge quantity ( bricks :i* =m ! sew] are n prop]ly b$d$4 ,liquid sewage f9ds its way ?r\gh ! jo9ts ( ! brickwork & p]colates ?r\gh ! soil1 9 "s cases to a v consid]able di/ance1 contam9at+ ! wat] x mixes ) on its c\rse1 & (t5times x =ms a putrid mass "u ! basem5t ( build+s :i* happ5 to be ( a l[] level ?an ! sew]s4 ,to prev5t ?is1 a clause %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! contract t ea* l5g? ( dra9 or sew] %\ld be te/$ by atmosph]ic pressure1 say #e lb4 to a squ>e in*4 ,! top ( ! sew] %\ld be z tight z ! bottom to prev5t any gas escap+ ?r\gh ! s&y soil or rubble :i* may be fill$ 9 ar\nd ! sew]s or dra9s4 ,leaky sew]s & badly-jo9t$ pipes "u ! soil %\ld nev] be all[$1 yet ! dang] is n s great 9 !m z 9 ^? pipes laid above ! gr\nd4 ,jo9ts to ^! pipes s (t5 leak t )\t te/+ !m ?or\ghly :5 laid1 "o leaky jo9t w\ld cause an unpleasant od\r 9 a build+ = ye>s )\t its s\rce be+ discov]$4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t ! curr5t ( air passes ?r\gh build+s 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways4 ,i h kn[n a sickly od\r to come f a cupbo>d on ! fir/ floor ( ! w+ ( a build+ "s #fj feet f any soil-pipe or grat+2 "o case 9 p>ticul>1 t ( a nurs]y cupbo>d4 ,?is occurr$ ?r\gh a leaky soil-pipe f ! closet 9 ! basem5t ( ! build+4 ,f ! plann+ ( ! build+ ! *imney ne> ! cupbo>d _h ! greate/ draught ( air 9 ! h\se1 & ! air :i* suppli$ ?is *imney came pr9cipally f ! basem5t4 ,! sew] gas f ! leaky jo9t1 be+ ( a heavi] gravity ?an ! atmosph]e ( ! h\se1 0 c>ri$ along ! floor unobs]v$ to ?is p>ticul> room1 fill+ at night1 :5 ! fire 0 n burn+1 ?is cupbo>d1 :i* conta9$ l951 & ?is held ! impurities giv5 (f f ! leaky jo9t 9 ! pipe4 ,_m cases ( a simil> nature c\ld be m5tion$1 :]e families w nev] recov] ! loss su/a9$ by !m ?r\gh simil> leaky jo9ts 9 ! soil-pipes4 ,insuffici5t fall to sew]s does n (t5 occur 9 ^? laid "u ! sup]vision ( eng9e]s1 b x is 9 ! bran* dra9s connect$ to !m :]e s _m blund]s are made4 ,(t5times "o "p ( a dra9 is laid almo/ level1 :il/ ano!r "p is laid ) a /eep gradi5t4 ,?is facilitates ! *ok+ ( dra9s1 & ! siphon+ ( traps4 ,"s p]sons lay dra9s f h\ses to ! ma9 sew] or to bran* dra9s :i* are altoge!r out ( proportion to ! "w !y h to d4 ,! small] ! dra9 is kept ! bett]1 b ! diamet] %\ld be regulat$ accord+ to ! quantity ( wat] & soil fl[+ into x1 tak+ into consid]ation ! possibility ( additional inlets be+ add$4 ,! be/ plan is to collect ! numb] ( inlets or supplies to ! dra91 comp>e !m ) ! gradi5t to :i* !y are laid1 & put 9 a dra9 :i*1 if all ! inlets are supply+ wat] at ! same "t1 w\ld n fill m ?an n9e-t5?s ( its area4 ,9 "s cases ,i h se5 a #i-;in* dra9 laid f a h\se hav+ only two closets1 s9k & ba? outlet atta*$4 ,if ! :ole ( ^! 7 us$ at ! same "t1 ! area ( ! fl[ into ! dra9 w\ld only be #gfif in*es1 b 9 ! #i-;in* dra9 ! area w\ld be #fcfag in*es1 or ne>ly n9e times ! size requir$ to c>ry (f ! wat] & soil4 ,! :ole space n occupi$ by wat] & soil is fill$ ) gas1 :i* extracts poisons f sewage & di/ributes !m at outlets accord+ to ! displacem5t caus$ by ! wat] & soil ent]+ & fl[+ ?r\gh ! dra94 ,ar*itects & build]s lay+ dra9s to h\ses or build+s %\ld disc>d ! !ories ( any p]sons :o d n keep to ?is rule3 t ! small] ! dra9 is1 ! bett]1 provid+ x does n fill2 & ! lea/ quantity ( gas !re is 9 ! dra91 ! less dang]\s w be ! poison 9 ! gas :5 dis*>g$ ?r\gh op5+s or grat+s4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t 9 a small dra9 only a small quantity ( ! sewage is expos$ to ! action ( ! gas 9 transit2 :]eas 9 a l>ge dra9 ! great] portion ( ! sewage is expos$1 ?us increas+ its decomposition4 ,:5 /orm wat] f h\ses or l& ent]s dra9s1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to =m op5+s or inlets ne> :]e dra9s are likely to fill1 z ! injuri\s effects ( trap siphon+ are ( s]i\s consequ5ce to heal?4 ,9 _m cases ! con/ruction ( new dra9s & sew]s 9 a di/rict h be5 simply a wa/e ( money z reg>ds improv+ ! heal? ( ! inhabitants1 & num]\s cases ( zymotic disease1 & 9 "s cases an epidemic has occurr$ :]e previ\sly su* diseases 7 almo/ unkn[n4 ,?is is caus$ pr9cipally by connect+ old dra9s 7"s ( :i* are disus$ ones & connect$ ) old cesspits7 to ! new dra9s lead+ to ! sew]s4 ,9 cesspits & old dra9s ! soil & putrid matt] h be5 = ye>s all[$ to accumulate1 & ! poison f su* matt]1 :5 di/ribut$ into ! op5 air ?r\gh grat+s 9 ! new sew]s or into h\ses1 is1 :5 inhal$ into ! sy/em1 ! cause ( ^! zymotic outbreaks4 ,9 trac+ ^! old dra9s & 9 prev5t+ /agnant gases f rema9+ 9 any portion ( ! dra91 ! eng9e] or ar*itect _c pay too mu* att5tion1 z conf9$ gases :5 *>g$ ) poisons f putrid matt] are ! pr9cipal factors 9 produc+ disease4 ,_m p]sons place a well-con/ruct$ trap at ! inlet1 & ano!r "s di/ance along ! dra91 say at ! end ( a build+ or gr\nds1 )\t any v5tilation betwe5 ! two traps4 ,9 fact ?is us$ to be a common occurr5ce2 b x %\ld nev] be done4 ,if ! dra9 %\ld be a #f-;in* "o1 & ! traps #ej feet ap>t1 ! am\nt ( gas betwe5 ! two traps w\ld av]age #i cubic feet1 & ?is gas w\ld 9 ! ord9>y work+ ( ! dra9 rema9 = ye>s1 gett+ m poison\s ! long] x rema9$ undi/urb$4 ,! own] ( ! h\se1 kn[+ t he _h a good trapp$ dra9 connect$ to sew]s1 w\ld feel himself safe1 & naturally ?9k 8 h\se heal?y4 ,f> bett] = him if ! h\se 7 dra9$ into a v5tilat$ cesspit1 z :5 ! gases 9 ! dra9 became releas$1 :i* may occur by ! siphon+ ( ! traps at ! h\se-connection1 ! dang] w\ld be equal to ! empty+ ( a disus$ cesspit1 & c>ry+ ! cont5ts ?r\gh ! h\se4 ,! m a p]son te/s ! work+ ( gas 9 sew]s or dra9s ! m he w f9d t bran* dra9s f _! con/ruction supply ! poisons :i* r5d] ! gases 9 ! sew]s !mselves s noxi\s4 ,9 #ahhj1 :il/ engag$ 9 trac+ ! c\rse ( an outbreak ( typhoid1 ,i made a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) a view to trace ! s\rce f :i* ! disease emanat$1 & e exp]im5t prov$ t ! orig9 ( ! disease lay 9 ! gases :i* 7 9 contact ) putrid sewage matt]1 exi/+ 9 old dra9s & cesspits atta*$ to ! sew]s z well z 9 ! gases :i* 7 conf9$ betwe5 traps4 ,! di/ribution ( ! disease 0 due to ! imp]fect con/ruction ( ! sew]s1 dra9s1 & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,! mo/ successful exp]im5t1 & ! "o f :i* ! greate/ result 0 obta9$1 & :i* ,i h ev] s9ce mo/ successfully us$1 0 9 det]m9+ ! /ate1 size1 & condition ( ! dra9s und]gr\nd1 & also t ( ! h\se or build+s1 by measur+ by compression ! gas conta9$ 9 ! sew] or sanit>y fitt+s4 ,! pr9cipal cause ( its di/ribution 0 ! compression ( ! gas betwe5 ! wat]-traps1 ! siphon+ ( h\se-traps leav+ at times a free passage = ! gas to ent] ! h\se4 ,! am\nt ( compression or displacem5t necess>y to =ce ! gas 9 bulk ?r\gh ! traps has be5 accurately measur$1 to "k :at quantity ( liquid 0 requir$ to be ?r[n into a dra9 or sew] ( any size to =ce ! gas 9 bulk ?r\gh ! wat]-trap4 ,! lift+ p[] ( ! gas on ! wat] by compression 0 f\nd to be #a_/cjj "p ( its bulk4 ,?us1 if a dra9 p]fectly s\nd1 & seal$ ) a wat]-seal ea* end1 held #cjj feet ( gas1 #a cubic foot ( wat] ?r[n into ! dra9 w\ld =ce ! gas 9 bulk ?r\gh ! wat]-seal4 ,x became evid5t1 t if bo? ends ( any dra9 7 seal$ ) a wat]-trap or o!rwise = te/+1 ! capacity ( ! dra9 or leaks ( any k9d c\ld be det]m9$ )\t excavat+4 ,z x 0 inconv5i5t to wat* ! work+ ( ! dra9 ?r\gh ! traps1 ,i con/ruct$ an in/rum5t call$ a detector#a to obs]ve ! work+ ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! dra94 ,?is in/rum5t1 or a gas-pressure gauge1 :5 atta*$ to ! dra91 w d5ote by ! ris+ ( ! liquid ! am\nt ( compression 9 ! dra94 ,?is1 :5 comp>$ ) ! quantity ( wat] ?r[n into x1 w give ! size & capacity ( ! dra91 & w also indicate any siphon+ ( traps or leaks :i* exi/ 9 any ( ! sanit>y fitt+s ( ! h\se4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is in/rum5t ) in/ructions z to reag5ts c be obta9$ f ,e4 ,cetti1 ,meteorological ,in/rum5t ,mak]1 #cf1 ,brooke ,/reet1 ,holborn1 price #abs4 #h;d4 ,x is *eap] & m conv5i5t ?an ! pressure-gauge1 & regi/]s any pressure dur+ ! te/+ ( dra9s4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! am\nt ( gas 9 e #ajj feet ( circul> pipe or dra91 f #d to #cj in*es 9 diamet]1 also ! am\nt ( wat] ?r[n into a trap to produce ! necess>y pressure ( gas to lift ! liquid #a in* 9 ! detector or pressure gauge3 ! quantity be+ z ne> z possible #c ozs4 ( wat] to #a cubic foot ( gas space4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4 ,diamet] ( ,cubic ,cont5ts ( ,am\nt ( ,wat] ,area ( ,pipe #agbh ,circul> ,pipe or ,gas 9 ea* #ajj to produce #a in* #a cubic foot4 ,dra94 feet l5g? ( rise ( ,liquid 9 ,dra9 ,pipe or ,detector4 ,sew]4 ins4 cub4 ft4 gals4 pts4 ozs4 #d #h-abee_/agbh #j #a #g #abeff #f #ai-ajif_/agbh #j #d #j #bhbgd #i #dd-cjh_/agbh #a #a #b #fcfag #ab #gh-icb_/agbh #b #j #e #aacjig #ae #abb-abdb_/agbh #c #a #f #agfgae #ah #agf-abcd_/agbh #d #e #j #beddfi #ai #aif-aedf_/agbh #e #a #a #bhcebi #bj #bah-bhh_/agbh #e #e #g #cadafj #ba #bdj-iac_/agbh #f #b #a #cdfcfa #bb #bfc-afie_/agbh #f #g #j #chjacc #bc #bhh-iag_/agbh #g #d #b #daedgf #bd #cad-bgf_/agbh #h #a #f #debcij #be #cdj-aecj_/agbh #h #g #j #dijhge #bf #cfh-abab_/agbh #i #d #ac #ecjicj #bg #cig-ajfc_/agbh #aj #b #ad #egbeef #bh #dbg-aadg_/agbh #aa #a #ab #faegec #bi #deh-abja_/agbh #aa #g #h #ffjeba #cj #dij-aeab_/agbh #ab #f #i #gjfhfj ,! me?od ( te/+ dra9s & fitt+s by compression ( gas is z foll[s3--,:5 ! dra9age plan ( a build+ exi/s1 ! "w ( te/+ by compression ( gas 9 ! dra9 w be a v simple matt]4 ,plate #a %[s ! dra9s z laid to a semideta*$ villa1 ) two inlets f s9ks m>k$ #a1 "o f ba? ov]fl[ m>k$ #b1 & two f ! soil-pipes ( closets 9 ! basem5t & fir/-floor m>k$ #c4 ,! dra9 f ,a to ,b is a #f-;in* /onew>e pipe1 & its l5g? is #ajj feet4 ,! am\nt ( gas 9 x w\ld be #ai-ajif_/agbh cubic feet4 ,! bran* dra9s f ! o!r inlets are #d in*es 9 diamet]1 & ! collect$ l5g?s are #ej feet1 & ! quantity ( gas 9 !m w\ld be #d-fbg_/agbh cubic feet1 giv+ a total 9 ! :ole ( ! dra9 ( ne>ly #bd cubic feet4 ,if ! indi>ubb] pipe to ! detector or pressure gauge is plac$ 9 ei!r ( ! traps m>k$ #a1 & ! glass tube fill$ ) liquid up to ! data l9e1 #e p9ts ( wat] p\r$ into ei!r ( ! traps m>k$ #a1 w produce a rise ( #a in* 9 ! liquid ( ! detector1 t is if all ! dra9s are cle> & jo9ts tight1 ! dra9s be+ /opp$ (f = te/+ at ,a4 ,%\ld a trap be fix$ any:]e betwe5 ,a & ,b a less] quantity w be requir$ to lift ! liquid1 & ! position ( ! trap c be det]m9$ by comp>+ ! exact quantity ( wat] us$ ) ! capacity or quantity ( gas 9 ! dra94 ,if a trap %\ld be fix$ or a /oppage =m$ 9 any "p ( ! dra9 ,a ,b1 ! flu%+ ( a closet or s9k w\ld1 by ! compression ( ! gas1 =ce x 9 bulk ?r\gh ! weake/ trap1 or ! "o hav+ ! lea/ dip or seal4 ,! quantity :i* w\ld pass ?r\gh w\ld dep5d on ! am\nt ( wat] us$ 9 ! flu%+ & ! fall ( ! dra94 ,! dra9s to ! build+ hav+ be5 te/$1 & _! defects asc]ta9$1 x w be necess>y n[ to te/ ! soil-pipe4 ,on ?is plan x is fix$ on ! outside ( ! h\se1 hav+ a trap ) an op5 grat+ j beyond ! basem5t closet1 & a v5tilat+ pipe c>ri$ above ! eaves ( ! ro(4 ,:e!r ! soil-pipe be fix$ inside or outside ( ! build+ x %\ld be p]fectly gas-tight1 & 9 ?is te/+ a p]son _c be too p>ticul>4 ,9 te/+ ! soil-pipe %[n on plan1 ! easie/ me?od is to put ! detector or pressure-gauge at ! grat+ ( ! trap #c1 plac+ ! indi>ubb] tube ov] ! grat+1 & mak+ a tight jo9t ) clay4 ,!n close ! top ( ! v5tilat+ pipe & p\r wat] 9 ! top closet1 :51 if ! jo9ts are tight1 ! liquid 9 ! detector w rise sudd5ly1 & !n l[] itself z ! wat] leaves ! trap1 indicat+ t ! soil-pipe is tight1 b if x is n tight1 no ris+ ( ! liquid w take place4 ,%\ld !re be no trap at ! bottom ( ! soil-pipe1 x w be necess>y to excavate d[n to ! dra9 to take out a l5g? ( pipe1 to seal ! m\? ( ! dra9 ) clay = te/+4 ,if !re %\ld be leaky jo9ts or holes 9 ! soil-pipe1 a little sulphur burnt 9 ! pipe1 or a little pung5t ess5ce ?r[n into x1 w cle>ly d5ote :]e ! leaks are4 ,hav+ te/$ ! soil-pipe & prov$ x tight1 or effectually /opp$ all leaks z ! case may be1 no gas c be giv5 (f 9 ^! dra9s or fitt+s except ?r\gh ! v5tilators 7"u ord9>y circum/ances7 z no trap has be5 siphon$ 9 ! te/+4 ,z be=e /at$1 ! v5tilat+ pipe runs to ! top ( ! build+ ( ! same diamet] z ! soil-pipe1 9 fact ?is is a plan ( dra9s to a h\se rec5tly built 9 ! suburbs ( ,london1 & ! plann+ ( !m w\ld be consid]$ p]fect by _m sanit>y m51 b be=e we te/ify !m z p]fect1 let u c>efully analyse ! work+ ( ! v5tilation4 ,! v5tilat+ pipe be+ c>ri$ above ! ro( is /rictly 9 accordance ) ! bye-laws ( ! ,local ,bo>d1 al?\gh x spoils ! appe>ance ( ! h\se4 ,"o reason :y x 0 put !re is to prev5t ! siphon+ ( ! closet trap1 & its height is to c>ry out ! recomm5dations ( m$ical writ]s 9 ! ,lancet :o h s (t5 insi/$ t ^! tall pipes1 c>ri$ "s feet away f *imneys or b$room w9d[s1 7 necess>y4 ,let u te/ ?is !ory4 ,we w flu% ! closet by ?r[+ d[n slops & giv+ ! closet ! regul> flu%1 c>efully te/+ :at takes place4 ,! result is t ! soil-pipe1 in/ead ( c>ry+ (f ! od\rs f ! top1 only =ms an air inlet1 & #b cubic feet ( air has be5 suck$ 9 at ! top ( ! pipe1 & ! same quantity ( gas dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! grat+4 ,z ?is grat+ on ! plan is only #b feet f ! passage door :i* leads into ! kit*51 ! lea/ t occurs is t a portion ent]s ! h\se1 & ! cook has a slight heada*e :5 prep>+ ! meals = ! day4 ,to be m c]ta9 ( ?is let u te/ ! work+ ( ! v5tilation by a doz5 flu%+s ( ! closets1 & ! same results are obta9$ by measurem5t1 #bg cubic feet ( air ent]$ ! top ( ! pipe1 & has be5 driv5 out at ! grat+ bel[4 ,?is proves t x is unnecess>y to spoil ! appe>ance ( our h\ses by ! erection ( ^! pipes1 or ( c>ry+ !m above ! soil-pipe or closet level4 ,x w\ld n be consi/5t = me "h to /ate h[ ^! unsightly pipes c\ld be avoid$1 b ,i am confid5t t ere long !y w become obsolete1 al?\gh !y h be5 erect$ by ?\s&s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,we w n[ te/ ! work+ ( ! v5tilation 9 dra9s ,a ,b1 & ^? 9 bran* dra9s to traps m>k$ ,i4 ,z !y are cle>1 we f9d t ! gases 9 !m are n s poison\s z 9 ! sew]s to :i* !y are connect$4 ,a manhole grat+ exi/s 9 ! sew] "s #dj y>ds f ! back ( ! build+1 & ?r\gh ?is grat+ ! gas :i* is driv5 by ! flu%+ escapes1 & its d5sity dep5ds on ! nature ( ! soil pass+ 9 ! sew]4 ,its d5sity is less5$ by diffusion1 or ! mix+ ( ! gas :i* takes place at ! grat+1 b ! "t x takes = ! gas :i* is 9 ! dra9 ne> ! traps ,i1 to mix ) ! fre% air at ! grat+ 9 ! /reet is a problem t ,i w leave o!rs to solve4 ,we are c]ta9 t no gas 9 bulk c pass ?r\gh ! trap "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,we c n[ c]tify t ! dra9s are tight1 well trapp$ & v5tilat$1 !y are laid /rictly 9 accordance ) ! bye-laws ( ! ,local ,bo>d1 & we c quote t simil> plans 7 exhibit$ la/ ye> at ! ,heal? ,exhibition1 z models = c\ntry ar*itects & build]s to copy2 & n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ sanit>y inspectors w\ld sign ! c]tificate t ! sanit>y arrangem5ts 7 c>efully te/$1 & f\nd p]fect4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b4 ,exp]i5ce 9 work+ ! detector w n all[ me to d ?is4 ,al?\gh = mon?s n ! slighte/ p>ticle ( sew] gas has ent]$ ! build+1 until "o ev5+ ab\t eight o'clock a sickly smell is obs]v$ 9 ! kit*51 & ?is is attribut$ to a *ange 9 ! wea!r1 heavy ra9 hav+ fall5 dur+ ! day1 & no notice 0 tak5 ( x be=e retir+ to re/4 ,9 ! morn+ ! h\se is unbe>able4 ,! inspector ( nuisances is s5t =1 :o _c detect any?+ wrong 9 ! dra9s4 ,! surveyor to ! ,local ,bo>d visits ! h\se ) ! same result1 & x is n until ! middle ( ! day be=e ! nuisance has abat$1 its cause /ill a my/]y to ! sanit>y (ficials & to ! own] ( ! h\se1 :o is a m$ical man ( great exp]i5ce 9 sanit>y matt]s1 & a sanit>y writ]4 ,n[ :at really did occur 0 ?is4 ,! sew] at ! back ne>ly fill$ ) wat] & soil caus$ by ! heavy ra9s1 & :5 ?is 0 ris+1 ab\t #b cubic feet ( gas 0 =c$ f ! dra9 ,b ?r\gh ! grat+ at ! bottom ( ! soil-pipe4 ,! junction :]e ! dra9 at ,a jo9$ ! sew] 0 made z usual ab\t two-?irds ! height ( ! sew]1 consequ5tly ! dra9 f ,a to ,b fill$ "s #bj feet dur+ ! /orm4 ,:5 ! /orm abat$1 ! wat] leav+ ! dra9 at ,a suck$ ! trap at ! bottom ( ! soil-pipe #c4 ,! seal be+ gone1 ! gas f ! sew] at once came ?r\gh ! trap1 ! curr5t be+ e/imat$ at f #hj to #bjj feet p] m9ute2 s t ! quantity ( gas giv5 (f at ! trap1 :i* is #b feet f ! door1 w\ld be ab\t #bjjj cubic feet f ! "t ! trap 0 suck$ until x 0 fill$ aga9 by ! flu%+ ( ! closet4 ,?is is by no means an exceptional occurr5ce1 two simil> cases occurr$ 9 ! suburbs la/ ye>4 ,9 "o case ! own] ( ! h\se 0 s]i\sly ill = sev]al days1 & 0 = "s weeks oblig$ to neglect 8 bus9ess & seek a *ange ( air4 ,9 ! o!r case ! daught] 0 tak5 ill ) a zymotic disease :i* ne>ly co/ h] h] life1 & x 0 mon?s be=e %e rega9$ h] /r5g?4 ,! easie/ me?od ( prev5t+ ?is siphon+ ( ! traps is to fix a small mica valve at ! mo/ conv5i5t "p ( ! dra9 betwe5 ,a & ,b1 fix+ x above ! gr\nd4 ,y c also prev5t x z well z ! gas com+ ne> ! h\se by putt+ 9 a trap at ,a & hav+ an op5 grat+ betwe5 ,a & ,b4 ,?is w\ld n prev5t ! #bjjj cubic feet ( gas be=e ref]r$ to f escap+ f ! dra9s1 b w\ld cause x to be dis*>g$ "s di/ance f ! h\se4 ,y w\ld also h ab\t #bc cubic feet ( gas 9 ! dra9 always mix+ ) ! atmosph]e ( ! g>d5 at ?is po9t :5 ! traps are full & tight4 ,plate #b %[s ! plan & dra9s ( a hospital :i* ,i te/$ by ?is sy/em 9 #ahhj4 ,z x 0 an old build+ ! te/+ 0 some:at diff]5t to t describ$ 9 ,plate #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4 ,= ye>s a sickly smell 0 obs]v$ 9 ! w>d1 & m especially :5 ! heat+ app>atus 0 at "w1 & x 0 ?\ght to arise f ! numb] ( bad cases 9 ! w>d4 ,a good sy/em ( v5tilation 0 adopt$ by ! introduction ( fre% air ?r\gh flues :i* ran "u ! floor to ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+1 & 9 w9t] ! air 0 w>m$ by pass+ ov] hot-wat] pipes 9 ! flues1 & 0 di/ribut$ at v>i\s p>ts ( ! w>d ?r\gh op5 grat+s 9 ! floor1 ) a good extraction 9 ! ro(1 :i* 0 op5 to ! w>d1 b ceil$ ov] ! raft]s4 ,d\ble ! am\nt ( fre% air 0 admitt$1 w>m$1 & extract$1 ) a view to improve ! atmosph]e ( ! build+1 b ) no bett] results4 ,i !n decid$ to te/ ! dra9s :i* 7 %[n on ! plan ( ! build+ z on ,plate #b1 ! dra9 m>k$ ,a ,b be+ te/$ fir/ by /opp+ x (f & fix+ ! detector at ,b4 ,?is be+ a #i-;in* dra9 pipe & ! l5g? #acj feet1 gave #eg-fjj_/agbh cubic feet z ! cont5ts ( gas 9 x4 ,add+ #f cubic feet = ! bran* dra9 at ,c1 mak+ a total ( #fc-fjj_/agbh cubic feet4 ,! am\nt ( wat] requir$ to be ?r[n into ! trap ,a w\ld be #a gal4 #e pts4 #c ozs4 to produce ! necess>y pressure ( gas 9 ! dra9 to lift ! liquid #a in* 9 ! detector4 ,in/ead ( tak+ #a gal4 #e pts4 #c ozs41 x took #g gals4 #f pts4 #i ozs41 giv+ an additional #bcg cubic feet ( gas space to be some:]e atta*$ to ! dra94 ,?is c\ld n be leaks1 if x _h be5 ! liquid 9 ! detector w\ld n h ris5 at all4 ,! gr\nd 0 op5$ at ,d1 ! dra9 seal$1 & ! detector fix$1 & ! total quantity ( gas 9 ! dra9 by measurem5t f ! seal to trap ,a 0 f\nd to be #df cubic feet1 & by te/+ ?is 0 f\nd to be correct1 consequ5tly ! additional gas space 0 betwe5 ,b & ,d4 ,i p>ticul>ly notic$ t ! gases 9 ^! dra9s 7 m poison\s ?an !y %\ld h be51 consid]+ ! nature ( ! sewage fl[+ ?r\gh !m1 & by us+ a reag5t z a liquid 9 ! detector1 its discoloration indicat$ t ! gas 0 9 contact ) a l>ge quantity ( putrid matt] :i* 0 ( a diff]5t "* to t ( ! sewage fl[+ 9 ! dra94 ,a dra9 se>*]1 or po9t$ rod 0 us$1 & aft] driv+ x into ! gr\nd a few times1 x /ruck ! l>ge cesspit ,e1 & by ! s\nd giv5 x 0 cle> t a dra9 0 und]nea?1 :51 on excavat+1 ! old cesspit & dra9s %[n on ,plate #c 7 discov]$1 conta9+ m ?an #fj cubic y>ds ( black putrid sewage4 ,! junction at ,f 0 cut (f & ! dra9 made good1 :5 a second te/+ by fix+ ! detector at ,b gave ! quantity ( gas 9 ! dra9 to be #fc-fjj_/agbh cubic feet4 ,! clean+ out ( #fj cubic y>ds ( sewage & ! removal ( ! old dra9s did n 9 ! slighte/ degree dim9i% ! nuisance inside ! build+1 consequ5tly ! #ae-;in* dra9 on ! opposite side ( ! build+ 0 /opp$ (f at ,g & ,h1 & 9 te/+ ! detector 0 plac$ at ,g4 ,?is l5g? ( dra9 be+ #adj feet conta9$ #age-ajih_/agbh cubic feet ( gas1 & #d gals4 #d pts4 #h ozs4 ( wat] ?r[n into ! trap ,h %\ld h lift$ ! liquid to ! usual height 9 ! detector4 ,?is & a simil> quantity ( wat] did n indicate any compression1 b ! discoloration ( ! reag5t 9 ! detector 0 mu* quick] ?an on ! dra9 :i* 0 fir/ te/$4 ,! dra9 0 !n op5$ at ,i1 divid+ x into two sections1 t f ,g to ,i conta9+ #ic cubic feet4 ,te/+ ?is by #b gals4 #c pts4 #f ozs4 ( wat] gave ! exact rise 9 ! detector1 consequ5tly ! leaks & bad gas mu/ be 9 ! section f ,i to ,h4 ,?is 0 te/$ by a fre% reag5t 9 ! detector1 :5 ! spe$y discoloration ( ! liquid indicat$ t ! s\rce ( ! poison 0 v ne>4 ,by a few pi]c+s ( ! gr\nd at ,k1 by ! iron rod or se>*]1 ! dra9 0 f\nd1 & by foll[+ ! old dra9 ! two cesspits & additional dra9s %[n 9 ,plate #c 7 discov]$1 & ab\t #aej loads ( old putrid sewage _h to be excavat$ & cle>$ away4 ,! leaks :i* prev5t$ ! rise ( ! liquid 9 ! detector 7 9 ! cr[n ( ! old sewage tank ,m1 & ! hot-wat] pipes ( ! heat+ app>atus runn+ 9 an air-%aft j ov] x1 ! heat extract$ ! poisons f ! sewage & di/ribut$ !m into ! w>d4 ,! connections at ,k & ,n hav+ be5 /opp$ up1 ! dra9 f ,i ,h 0 aga9 te/$1 :5 x gave #cf cubic feet m gas space ?an !re %\ld h be5 9 ! dra94 ,a few pi]c+s ( ! soil at ,o l$ to ! excavat+ ( ^? old dra9s :i* are %[n atta*$1 & ^! be+ excavat$ & cle>$ away1 & ! connections to dra9s ,k1 ,n1 & ,o be+ /opp$1 ! dra9 0 aga9 te/$ f ,i to ,h1 :5 compression 9 ! detector took place 9 comp>ison to ! exact quantity ( gas t %\ld be by measurem5t 9 ! dra94 ,9 describ+ ! me?od ( te/+ dra9s z %[n on ,plates #a1 #b1 & #c1 no?+ has be5 m5tion$ z to ! level to :i* bran* dra9s to h\ses %\ld be laid1 or ! me?od ( te/+ !m to asc]ta9 _! fall4 ,! fall giv5 to bran* dra9s %\ld n be less ?an #a 9 #ajj1 b #a 9 #hj is f> pref]able1 & if ! dra9s are laid to ?is level1 wat] w fl[ easily ?r\gh !m1 b %\ld any "p be laid out ( a level ! wat] w\ld lay 9 !m & ?us give a less quantity ( gas4 ,!n :5 te/$ by compression to ! capacity ( ! dra9 ! less] quantity w\ld d5ote ! nature ( ! dip4 ,:5 a plan ( dra9s exi/s1 z 9 ! two cases %[n on ,plates #a1 #b1 & #c1 ! difficulty ( te/+ !m & prov+ _! defects w n be z great z :5 no plan has be5 made4 ,if no plan has be5 made or no record kept ( !m1 x is be/ to make a r\gh plan ( ! build+1 fix+ ! positions ( all inlets1 _! sizes & l5g?s1 ( bran*es to ! dra9s on ! premises1 & also to lay d[n on ! plan ! l5g? & size ( ?is dra9 to :]e x rea*es ! ext5t ( ! prop]ty or jo9s ! ma9 sew]1 op5+ ! gr\nd = te/+ 9 a simil> mann] to t describ$ 9 ,plate #a4 ,9 te/+ pipes or sanit>y fitt+s ( any k9d1 leaks c be easily f\nd by atta*+ ! detector or pressure gauge to ! mo/ conv5i5t "p ( ! pipe or fitt+1 & :5 ev]y?+ is s\nd c>e %\ld be tak5 to flu% all inlets at ! same "t1 to asc]ta9 :e!r ! ru% ( wat] has any effect on ! traps or wat]-seal4 ,if ! vibration 9 ! detector or pressure gauge exce$s #b_/aj?s ( an in*1 a fre] gas space mu/ be provid$1 or ! action ( ! wat] *eck$ 9 "s mann]4 ,pipes1 :e!r sanit>y or o!rwise1 c be te/$ z to tightness 9 a simil> mann]4 ,"s modification may be necess>y 9 te/+ l>ge sew]s or ! dra9s ( a di/rict1 b if ! te/+ is p]=m$ 9 a simil> mann] to t adopt$ 9 ! above case ! condition ( ! dra9s & fitt+s c be accurately asc]ta9$4 ,! lea/ pressure or suction on ! traps ( dra9s or fitt+s w be %[n by ! vibration ( ! liquid 9 ! detector or pressure gauge :5 ! wat] passes ?r\gh ! pipes ) flu%+4 ,! t]m 8bad dra9s0 is n exclusively conf9$ to ^? dra9s t h leaky jo9ts1 or h an insuffici5t fall1 or traps :i* siphon dur+ ! passage ( ! wat]1 b may also be appli$ to sy/ems ( sew]s 9 g5]al4 ,!re are two po9ts 9 almo/ e sy/em ( dra9age t call = "s improvem5t4 ,! fir/ is hav+ ! inlets at junctions :]e small dra9s jo9 sew]s at ! side ( ! sew]s4 ,?\s&s ( traps are be+ cont9ually siphon$ by ?is cause z soon z ! wat] fills ! sew] above ! inlet ( ! bran* dra91 z ?is1 :5 fill$ ) wat] only a %ort di/ance1 =ces gas ?r\gh ! weake/ trap1 & on ! wat] & soil l[]+ itself 9 ! sew]1 ?is wat] acts exactly z ! plung] ( a pump & draws ! wat] out ( ! weake/ trap4 ,?is is (t5 ! "o 9 ! area or basem5t ( ! build+1 & to avoid ?is all inlets at junctions %\ld ent] ! top ( ! sew]s1 n = ! soil to drop d[n s z to cause ! sew]s to silt1 b 9 an oblique direction ) ! sewage fl[4 ,! second po9t is 9 ! v5tilation ( sew]s1 :i* is n an easy subject to h&le4 ,,sew] ,,v5tilation4 ,! "q ( v5tilation is a v difficult "o1 :e!r x is 9 connection ) sew]s or build+s4 ,! v5tilation ( build+s has receiv$ m att5tion ?an t ( sew]s1 except+ )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,9 ! v5tilation ( build+s we h ! "w & exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,had51 ,capta9 ,galton1 ,dr4 ,p>kes1 ,messrs4 ,h[>?1 ,tob91 ,boyle1 ,bann]1 & o!rs1 :o h n only made ! v5tilation ( build+s _! pr9cipal /udy1 b h also sp5t l>ge sums ( money 9 c>ry+ out exp]im5ts ) a view ( gett+ a sy/em ( v5tilation applicable to any build+4 ,i h no d\bt t ea* ( ! above au?orities 9 h\se v5tilation w\ld c&idly admit t "s ( ! mo/ fav\rable exp]im5ts !y _h made1 & f :i* at ! "t !y expect$ ! greate/ results1 _h1 :5 !y _h be5 practically appli$ 9 diff]5t localities & "u diff]5t circum/ances1 prov$ _! wor/ failures 9 provid+ a regul> supply ( fre% air to & ! extraction ( f\l air f any build+4 ,if 9 ! v5tilation ( build+s s _m failures to get a p]fect & univ]sal sy/em c be record$1 x is q natural t ! same w be ! case 9 ! v5tilation ( sew]s4 ,! mo/ em95t eng9e]s ( ! pres5t day w admit t va/ improvem5ts mu/ be made 9 sew] v5tilation be=e !y c say ( a di/rict :]e a quantity ( dra9s are laid & a l>ge bulk ( sewage matt] is c>ri$ ?r\gh !m1 t ! atmosph]e ( t di/rict is z pure z t ( "o :]e no dra9s are laid or :]e no sewage matt] c be f\nd4 ,x 0 n until #ahdj t ! "q ( sew] v5tilation receiv$ v mu* att5tion1 & x is 9 ! reports to ! ,city ,commission]s ( ,sew]s & to ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works t ! e>lie/ results are record$4 ,! report ( ,colonel ,hayw>d to ! ,city ,commission]s ( ,sew]s1 dat$ #ah? ,m>*1 #aheh1 conta9s "s ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ valuable in=mation z to sew] v5tilation4 ,9 t report x is /at$ t1 previ\s to #ahcj1 8! sew]s 7 v5tilat$ by ! gulleys1 :i* 7 l>ge op5 %afts or %oots connect$ ) ! sew]s )\t traps ( any description3 !y 7 connect$ ) grat+s ( l>ge size1 ! b>s ( :i* 7 f>!r ap>t ?an ^? at pres5t 9 use2 !re 7 no v5tilat+ %afts ris+ to ! c5tre ( c>riageways1 nor 7 !re any side entrances by :i* access to ! sew]s c\ld be _h4 ,:atev] v5tilation took place !re=e 0 effect$ by ! gulleys1 & if a sew] requir$ to be cleans$ or exam9$ ! mode adopt$ 0 to op5 holes 9 ! c5tre ( c>riageways d[n to :at are te*nically call$ manholes1 or work+ %afts1 & p]=m ^! op]ations f ^! ap]tures1 ! %afts be+ left op5 a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to ensure v5tilation be=e ! m5 desc5d$1 & if !re 0 fe> ( an accumulation ( gas or mephitic vap\r1 :i* sometimes 0 ! case ne> ! heads ( sew]s1 b at few o!r po9ts 9 !m40 ,compla9ts ( ! effluvium f ^! gulleys 7 made be=e ! ye> #ahcj1 & are /at$ to h gr[n l\d] & /rong] aft] t date4 ,"h we h ! fir/ exp]i5ce & results ( free & op5 v5tilation to sew]s4 ,z reg>ds ! numb] ( ^! gulleys 9 proportion to ! sew]s we h no evid5ce 9 ^! reports1 b judg+ f _! be+ specifi$ z l>ge op5 %afts1 ! area = ! inlet & outlet ( air to ! sew]s w\ld be if any?+ great] ?an t ( ! pres5t day4 ,yet ?is report /ates t ! ill od\rs :i* escap$ f ! gulleys1 al?\gh !y might n be pe/il5tial1 became m repulsively (f5sive1 & ! att5tion ( ! ,commission]s ( ,sew]s 0 drawn to ! evil1 & x 0 felt t "s rem$y or palliative ought to be devis$4 ,! means tak5 to obviate ?is evil may be t]m$ ! fir/ exp]im5t 9 sew] v5tilation4 8,a gulley trap 0 devis$ & fix$ 9 ! ,pavem5t1 ,f9sbury1 9 #ahcd1 & 9 #ahdj n9e hundr$ ( ! gulleys _h be5 trapp$ ) a view to rem$y ! evil1 ) ! foll[+ results4 8,x became app>5t ev5 be=e t numb] 0 fix$1 t ! sew]s 7 becom+ dang]\s to workm5 to ent]1 & ! gases g5]at$ f\nd v5t by ! h\se dra9s 7!n g5]ally untrapp$7 into dwell+s40 ,x is q evid5t t ! compression ( gases :i* takes place 9 ! sew]s by ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! liquid & sewage fl[+ 9 !m 0 n !n kn[n1 or ?is exp]im5t by clos+ ! gulleys & v5tilat+ ! sew]s ?r\gh ! h\se traps w\ld n h be5 attempt$4 ,at any rate ! fir/ exp]im5t 9 sew] v5tilation 9 ! ,city _c be said to h be5 a successful "o1 z x left matt]s worse ?an be=e4 8,to obviate ?is1 v5tilat+ %afts connect+ directly ) small iron grat+s 9 ! c5tre ( ! c>riageways 7 =m$3 ?is mode ( v5tilat+ 0 also fir/ adopt$ 9 ! ,city1 & ! sy/em ( trapp+ 7) num]\s modifications 9 mann]7 & v5tilat+ ! sew]s 9 ! c5tre ( ! c>riageways spread ?r\gh ! l5g? ( ! metropolis40 ,c x be said t ?is alt]ation 0 an improvem5t 9 sew] v5tilation8 ,! noxi\s or pe/il5tial vap\rs t 7 s repulsive 9 #ahdj :5 escap+ ?r\gh ! gulleys 7 n r5d]$ less poison\s by be+ giv5 (f 9 ! middle ( ! road or c>riageways1 b ! con/ant pass+ ( c>riages ov] ! grat+s _h ! effect ( mix+ ! gases ( ! sew] m quickly ) ! atmosph]e ( ! /reet4 ,?us _! noxi\s qualities 7 n s mu* obs]v$1 b ! effect ( ^! gases on ! public heal? by ?is arrangem5t has n be5 z satisfactory z _m imag9e4 ,:5 ! c>riage traffic is susp5d$ dur+ ! night1 ! effluvium f ^! grat+s is n[ simil> to t exp]i5c$ f ! %oots or gulley %afts 9 #ahcj4 ,?is op9ion is =m$ by comp>+ ! report ) te/+s tak5 at ! grat+s la/ ye>4 ,! la/ improvem5t sugge/$ to give a bett] sy/em ( sew] v5tilation 9 ! ,city is ! erection ( %afts at ! sides ( ! build+s :]e possible4 ,a resolution 0 pass$ la/ ye> by ! ,city ,commission]s ( ,sew]s to erect ^! %afts :]e practicable4 ,! effect ( ?is alt]ation w be to remove ! nuisance f ! /reet & c>ry x to a high] level4 ,if x is int5d$ to "w ^! %afts 9 conjunction ) ! op5 grat+s1 ! effect w be t 9 "s /reets ! :ole ( ! gas f ! sew]s adjo9+ w be p\r+ out ( "o %aft4 ,9 ! summ] "t its d5sity w be increas$ by ! friction 9 ! %afts1 & ! high temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e w cause a m rapid decomposition 9 ! sewage4 ,9 l[ build+s or w>eh\ses !re is no?+ to prev5t ! poisons f ! sew]s f be+ convey$ d[n ! *imneys into ! build+s1 & ! employs tak+ a zymotic disease :il/ engag$ 9 _! "w & at night tak+ x to v>i\s p>ts ( ! suburbs4 ,x is bett] to let ! gas escape at a l[ level1 :]e x c\ld be purifi$ :5 x is a nuisance1 & especially 9 ! case ( an epidemic1 ?an dis*>ge gas ) a great] d5sity at a high] level4 ,! ,g5]al ,bo>d ( ,heal? 9 #ahdh issu$ ! foll[+ m9utes ( in=mation ) ref]5ce to sew]s & h\se dra9s-- 8,make prop] provision = ! v5tilation ( sew]s & dra9s 9 su* a mann] t !re may be a free curr5t ( air 9 !m 9 ! direction ( ! sewage fl[40 ,x 0 also recomm5d$ 8t ! /ack pipes %\ld be connect$ ) ! sew]s )\t ! int]v5tion ( traps1 9 ord] to assi/ ! v5tilation1 & !re %\ld be no trap betwe5 ! trap at ! inlet & ! sew]40 ,?is sy/em 0 f\nd f> worse ?an ! op5 gulleys or %oots 9 ! ,city 9 #ahcj1 z at ,croydon 7:i* 0 "o ( ! fir/ t[ns to c>ry out works ( sewage "u ! ,g5]al ,bo>d ( ,heal?7 no soon] _h ! sew]s be5 9 use be=e an outbreak ( fev] took place4 ,dr4 ,niell ,arnott & ,mr4 ,t4 ,page1 ,c4,e41 7 appo9t$ by ! ,home ,secret>y to report on ! outbreak at ,croydon1 & ,mr4 ,page 9 8 report /ates-- 8,:5ev] a wat]-closet ev5 ) ! be/ =m ( siphon trap is introduc$ into a h\se1 x w be well to provide an escape into ! op5 air4 ,:5 sev]al soil-pans or s9ks f ! ap>tm5ts ( a l>ge h\se are dis*>g$ into a common soil-pipe or v]tical ma91 ! ma9 %\ld be cont9u$ up to ! ro( & to ! op5 air1 & if practicable x %\ld be c>ri$ ne> ! *imney4 ,pipe sew]s mu/ also h ample v5tilation provid$ at all available po9ts4 ,if ! air is conf9$ x is mo/ dang]\s :5 x breaks =?1 :i* soon] or lat] x w d1 su* evils w\ld h be5 avoid$40 ,x is q evid5t by ^! rem>ks t ! sy/em ( v5tilat+ ! ,city sew]s 9 #ahcj 0 m p]fect ?an at ,croydon1 & _h ,mr4 ,page te/$ ! sew]s & sanit>y fitt+s by ! compression ( gases 9 !m1 he w\ld h f\nd t ! action ( ! wat] 9 ! pipe prev5t$ ! gas f be+ conf9$4 ,9 #aheh1 ,mr4 ,goldswor?y ,gurney made exp]im5ts 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons by connect+ a numb] ( ! sew]s ne> ) ! furnace ( ! clock-t[]1 & ?is 0 report$ on by ,sir ,joseph ,bazalgette z foll[s3-- 8,i f9d t ! furnace ( ! clock-t[] ( ! ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t 0 suppos$ to h be5 connect$ ) ! adjo9+ di/rict to ! ext5t ( ab\t a qu>t] ( a squ>e mile1 & ) ab\t #f miles ( sew]s1 b t ! v5tilation _h 9 reality be5 int]cept$ by a flap s t ! b5efit suppos$ to be d]iv$ !refrom 0 purely imag9>y4 ,hav+ come to t conclusion1 ! next ?+ ,i direct$ my att5tion to 01 suppos+ ! :ole ( ! air extract$ by t furnace 0 produc$ f ! sew]s1 & suppos+ t all ! int]m$iate *annels c\ld be /opp$1 & t x c\ld be direct$ f ! mo/ remote ends ( ea* ( ! sew]s1 & di/ribut$ ov] ^? sew]s ) ! mo/ p]fect !oretical accuracy1 s z to h uni=m curr5ts pass+ ?r\gh ea* ( ! sew]s t[>ds t *imney1 /ill ! effect on ^? sew]s w\ld be no?+1 & ! way 9 :i* ,i prove my /atem5t is ?is3 ! total area ( ! #f miles ( sew]s n[ connect$ ) ! furnace is #gac feet1 ! total area ( ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ! air has to be br\ght f !m is #h feet1 t is ab\t ! n9etie? "p ( #gac2 ! air 0 pass+ at ! rate ( #edb feet p] m9ute ?r\gh ! #h feet area4 ,!re=e1 if ,i c\ld divide t ov] ! :ole di/rict1 ! velocity 9 all ^? sew]s w\ld be #f feet p] m9ute or ( a mile p] h\r4 ,b we h %[n already t !re exi/ 9 ! sew]s f o!r causes velocities am\nt+ to #ajj feet p] m9ute & upw>ds2 & #f feet p] m9ute is practically speak+ /agnation & n v5tilation40 ,?is exp]im5t 0 und\bt$ly "o t if x _h be5 cont9u$ 7in/ead ( be+ ab&on$71 & ! errors correct$1 w\ld h l$ to a m practical result4 ,! area ( ! air space to ! furnace 0 #h feet1 & ! curr5t #edb feet1 or equal to #f miles an h\r4 ,if ?is curr5t _h be5 ! same 9 ! sew]s z 9 ! *annel1 ! suction produc$ on ! wat]-traps ( ! small dra9s atta*$ w\ld lift ! wat] 9 ea* trap a little m ?an #c in*es4 ,b z ! ord9>y trap has only an av]age #b-;in* dip1 ! weake/ w\ld h be5 at once suck$ & ! exp]im5t a failure4 ,_h ! dips ( ! traps be5 #d in*es1 ! dra9s w\ld h rema9$ seal$ except at ! int5d$ inlets4 ,! air be+ suppli$ at ! ends w\ld h gone ?r\gh ! sew]s )\t break+ ! wat]-seal1 provid+ t ! air space betwe5 ! cr[n ( ! sew] & ! sewage 0 n 9 any way block$4 ,if ! curr5t 9 ! sew]s _h be5 less ?an #bjj feet p] m9ute1 ! ord9>y trap w\ld h effectually seal$ ! v>i\s inlets4 ,_h ! av]age area ( gas space above ! sewage be5 #h feet1 ! :ole ( ! #f miles ( sew]s w\ld h be5 empti$ ( its gas & suppli$ ) fre% air 9 ab\t an h\r4 ,! diff]5t areas %\ld n h be5 consid]$1 b ! total quantity ( gas tak54 ,! velocities ( #ajj feet "h m5tion$1 is acc\nt$ = z foll[s4 ,%\ld ! sewage 9 any "p ( ! sew]s l[] itself1 caus+ an additional gas space 9 t "p ( ! sew]1 ! ru% ( gas 9 ! sew] to fill ! space w\ld cause ?is #ajj feet p] m9ute curr5t4 ,^! hi!rto unacc\ntable curr5ts 9 sew]s & dra9s are produc$ by ! v>iation ( ! gas space above ! sewage1 ! result ( wat] be+ ?r[n 9 at ! v>i\s inlets4 ,! gases ( a sew] may be pass+ backw>d & =w>d 9 curr5ts v>y+ f #ajj to #cjj feet p] m9ute1 & n any v5tilation w\ld take place except at ! grat+s1 & ?is w\ld be v little inde$ :5 ! gas 9 ! sew] 0 ( a heavi] gravity ?an ! atmosph]e4 ,speak+ on ! same subject1 ,colonel ,haywood says1 8a d[n draught s complete z to be sup]ior to ! diffusive p[] ( ! gases1 y _c />t ) a velocity ( less ?an #b miles an h\r1 & suppose ! :ole di/rict has be5 s arrang$ z to h a suffici5t exhau/ive p[]1 ! m]e op5+ ( a wat]-closet1 or ! enl>g+ or ! putt+ 9 ( a new dra9 into a sew]1 or ! mak+ ( a hole a foot squ>e1 or a s]vant tak+ up a bell trap 9 a s9k1 or a sew]-man lift+ a side entrance cov]+1 w\ld v mu* de/roy ! p[] ( ! furnace1 & unless y _h a gigantic p[] suffici5t to gu>d aga9/ ^! casualties ! sy/em c\ld only be a failure40 ,:at is "h meant is1 suppose t if ! :ole ( ! #f miles ( sew]s 7 empti$ ( _! gas at a velocity ( #b miles an h\r1 ! poisons f ! sewage w\ld n be noticeable or injuri\s 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! dra94 ,if ea* inlet to ! sew] 0 trapp$1 ! op5+ ( a wat]-closet or ! op5+ ( a bell trap 9 ! s9k w\ld n h affect$ ! #b miles an h\r curr5t 9 ! sew]s4 ,_h ! curr5ts 9 ! sew]s ne> ! furnace ( ! clock-t[] be5 kept at #b miles an h\r1 ! traps be+ tight1 & att5tion be5 paid to ! compression ( ! gases 9 ! sew]s by ! wat] ent]+ !m1 ! exp]im5t w\ld h be5 9 a measure a successful "o4 ,f #ahee to #ahgb1 ,sir ,r4 ,rawl9son1 ,c4,b41 ,dr4 ,a4 ,mill]1 & ,sir ,joseph ,bazalgette 7 c>ry+ out exp]im5ts ) *>coal trays & scre5s1 & a committee ( ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works 9 _! report1 say3-- 8,! results 7 suffici5tly fav\rable to w>rant ! use ( *>coal v5tilators 9 connection ) su* air-%afts z 7 s\rces ( annoyance & compla9t1 b _! adoption _h also ! effect ( dim9i%+ ! upw>d curr5t ( f\l air ?r\gh ! %afts & ( conf9+ x to ! sew]s1 !reby endang]+ ! safety ( ! m5 work+ 9 !m1 s t x is necess>y t su* v5tilators %\ld be cauti\sly & n g5]ally appli$40 ,^! exp]im5ts 9 sew] v5tilation 7 ! mo/ valuable ( any yet made to solve ! "q1 b _! failure c\ld be attribut$ to ! foll[+ results4 ,! work+ ( *>coal 9 ! extraction ( poisons giv5 (f f sewage 9 its transit ?r\gh ! sew]s1 & :i* poisons become mix$ ) ! gas1 & ! plac+ ( *>coal 9 lay]s or baskets s t ! gas %\ld pass ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( ! *>coal1 is )\t a d\bt ! be/ me?od ( deal+ ) *>coal z an ag5t 9 arre/+ or pick+ up ! poisons f putrid matt] :i* is conta9$ 9 ! gas4 ,b ! ob/acle ?is gives to ! supply or exhau/ ( air to ! sew] is great] ?an ! p[] ( ! wat]-trap3 consequ5tly traps are suck$ or =c$1 & ! inlet ( fre% air takes place ?r\gh !m into ! sew]s4 ,! gas f ! sew] escapes ?r\gh ! weake/ trap into ! h\se1 ?us nullify+ ! effects ( ! *>coal trays & r5d]+ !m almo/ useless4 ,! pass+ ( ! gas ov] ! tray w\ld prev5t ?is1 b exp]im5ts prove t *>coal has n ! p[] to attract & reta9 ! poisons f ! sewage1 & :i* is reta9$ 9 ! gas4 ,?us ^! poisons pass ov] ! *>coal ?r\gh ! grat+ into ! /reet4 ,^! exp]im5ts prove t if ! poisons f ! gas are extract$ at ! outlets1 & ! dra9s into sew]s trapp$ ) a wat]-seal1 & ! siphon+ or =c+ ( traps are prev5t$1 sew]s c be v5tilat$ )\t be+ a nuisance or prejudicial to heal?4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! in/ant ! curr5t ( air 9 sew]s1 dra9s1 soil-pipes1 or sanit>y fitt+s exce$s a velocity ( #c miles an h\r1 ev5 if !y h op5 ends1 no trap ) a #b-;in* seal is safe f be+ siphon$4 ,_m surveyors /ate t sew] gas is uncontrollable4 ,?is is an error4 ,! gases ( a sew] are z controllable z ! atmosph]e ( a room4 ,x is ! compression ( ! gas caus$ by an increase ( wat] 9 ! dra91 & ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e on ! surface ( ! gr\nd at ! v>i\s po9ts :]e ! grat+s are fix$1 :i* makes ! curr5ts ( gas 9 dra9s s unc]ta94 ,! sudd5 l[]+ ( ! sewage 9 a dra9 w /op ! ne>e/ grat+s or %aft f work+ z inlets4 ,:at l$ eng9e]s to =m ?is op9ion 0 ! failure ( exp]im5ts ) motive p[] to get c]ta9 results 9 v5tilat+ sew]s1 ! same z 9 a build+4 ,x is impossible to get v5tilation to sew]s ?r\gh op5 grat+s except ! inlets f ! h\se dra9s are seal$ ) a wat]-seal4 ,! unsatisfactory results obta9$ f _m exp]im5ts 9 sew] v5tilation h n be5 ! fault ( ! plan or ! appliances us$1 b arose f ! wret*$ mann] 9 :i* h\se dra9s h be5 connect$ to ! sew]s4 ,i %all nev] =get ! te/+ ( "s sew]s ) a view ( improv+ ! v5tilation ( !m4 ,!y 7 public sew]s & almo/ new ones1 & z f> z ! sew]s !mselves 7 conc]n$ y c\ld n h _h bett]1 bo? z reg>ds a good fall & tight jo9ts4 ,b ! mann] 9 :i* ! connections 7 made to !m 0 some?+ a/oni%+4 ,untrapp$ gulleys at ! sides ( ! /reets1 dra9s f ! sew]s into ! kit*5s ( h\ses )\t a s+le trap4 ,9 "s cases two or m traps 7 fix$ accord+ to ! :im ( ! own] ( ! h\se4 ,ra9-wat] pipes f ! flats ( w9d[s on ! gr\nd floor 7 connect$ to sew]s )\t traps1 closets ) no v5tilat+ pipes1 & a doz5 o!r imp]fections 7 f\nd on ! bran* dra9s & fitt+s4 ,be=e complet+ ! te/s ( ^! dra9s & fitt+s1 ,i sugge/$ t all faults & errors f\nd 9 connection ) ! bran* dra9s %\ld at once be rem$i$1 & ea* dra9 be connect$ to ! sew] ) a trap1 or else x w\ld be ( little use to improve ! v5tilation ( ! sew]s4 ,i 0 quietly in=m$ t ?is c\ld n = "o mom5t be ent]ta9$1 z :]e ^! evils 7 ! wor/ 0 on prop]ty belong+ to memb]s ( ! ,local ,bo>d1 & any attempt to pass a resolution to compel ?is to be done w\ld be futile1 & ! necessity ( do+ x attribut$ to ! zeal ( local sanit>ians4 ,i am glad to say t cases l ?is are exceptional1 b !re are _m t[ns :]e simil> evils w rema9 until an epidemic breaks out & ! au?orities are compell$ to h !m rem$i$4 ,! am\nt ( air pass+ ?r\gh ! sew] is no indication ( ! v5tilation or ! am\nt ( air t is be+ admitt$1 or ! quantity ( gas *>g$ ) poisons t is giv5 (f4 ,i h te/$ ! gas 9 a sew] & at ! v5tilat+ %afts1 & h repeat$ly f\nd ! gas 9 ! sew] fl[+ at a high velocity :il/ ! air 9 ! op5 v5tilat+ %aft 0 p]fectly /agnant4 ,i h n be5 able to make exp]im5ts to "k h[ long gas w rema9 9 a sew]1 b f obs]vations ( its gravity & work+ 9 diff]5t localities ,i believe t ! poisons f sewage matt] are reta9$ 9 ! l[] /rata ( ! air ( sew]s 9 "s cases = mon?s1 & :5 op5 grat+s are only #ej y>ds ap>t4 ,! quantity ( air tak5 9 at ! grat+s at ?is "t is a little m ?an ! displacem5t caus$ by ! wat]1 & :5 gases are releas$ to any ext5t x is ?r\gh atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,if y measure ! am\nt ( air go+ 9 & out ( say tw5ty op5 grat+s 9 ! same locality1 ! small quantity w\ld a/oni% ^? :o _h n previ\sly te/$ x4 ,repeat$ly has x be5 writt5 & said t if y put a %aft or grat+ at ! top ( a hill1 or sew]1 x w take (f ! impure gas ( a di/rict1 b ,i h _h m5 work+ = days at ! top ( a sew] #aej & #bjj feet high] ?an ! l[e/ grat+1 & no trap int]v5+1 yet dur+ ?is "t n a p>ticle ( gas left ! dra9 at ?is ! highe/ op5+1 b at times a good inlet curr5t w\ld take place d[n ! dra94 ,i f9d t "o ( ! mo/ fatal mi/akes to make 9 sew] v5tilation is to introduce a l>ge quantity ( fre% air into a sew] at a high temp]ature4 ,an atmosph]e at f #ij to #ajj ?r[n into a sew] w rapidly decompose sewage matt] & produce results exactly opposite to t int5d$4 ,x is :5 ! hot atmosph]e ( a summ]'s day comes 9 contact ) ! sewage 9 ! sew]s t ! wor/ poisons are g5]at$ & giv5 (f1 & ! gases :i* come f ! grat+s are ! mo/ noxi\s4 ,?is rapid decomposition is m p>ticul>ly felt 9 ! suburbs1 :]e ! dra9s are ( /onew>e & ! sewage has to be c>ri$ ?r\gh !m = a consid]able di/ance4 ,common s5se tea*es u t all matt] ( a nature l t pass+ ?r\gh sew]s w decompose m rapidly & rea* a high] /ate ( putrefaction 9 an atmosph]e ( a high temp]ature1 ev5 above gr\nd1 ?an 9 any o!r condition4 ,exp]im5ts confirm ?is to be ! case :e!r x be appli$ to matt] 9 sew]s1 vaults1 or tanks4 ,! be/ exp]im5ts t ,i h made 9 sew] v5tilation is 9 keep+ ! temp]ature z l[ z possible1 admitt+ into ! sew] suffici5t air to prev5t any action tak+ place on ! wat]-seal1 & :at gas came out ( ! sew] by compression to purify x at ! grat+s1 extract+ ! poisons t x _h tak5 up f ! sewage4 ,_m gases :i* are f\nd 9 sew]s h an aff9ity to wat]1 & w make _! way to ! wat]-seal & become absorb$ 9 ! wat] ( ! trap to "s ext5t1 b n to ! ext5t _m p]sons imag9e1 or to become detrim5tal to heal?4 ,:5 a dis9fectant hav+ a great] attractive p[] ?an ! wat] is us$ 9 connection ) ! v5tilation1 ?is attraction to ! wat]-seal w n take place4 ,if necess>y1 9 hot wea!r or 9 l>ge sew]s1 or ^? ( an easy gradi5t1 cold air ( a v l[ temp]ature c\ld be introduc$1 :i* w\ld prev5t decomposition tak+ place to any ext5t dur+ ! transit ( ! sewage4 ,if ! :ole area ( a sy/em ( sew]s 0 *>g$ f\r times a day ) air at a temp]ature ( #cj we %\ld h no compla9ts ( sew] gas4 ,! details ( su* plans w\ld be out ( place "h z !y are ! subject matt] ( sev]al pat5ts1 b sewage c be c>ri$ ?r\gh di/ricts )\t its gases be+ injuri\s to heal? or )\t sewage be+ subject$ to rapid decomposition almo/ z easily z meat is n[ transmitt$ f ,new ,zeal& to ,engl& )\t any decomposition tak+ place dur+ its transit4 ,be=e leav+ ! "q ( sew] v5tilation x w be well to note ! results obta9$ by ! valuable exp]im5ts ,i h quot$1 & :i* h be5 made f "t to "t by ! ,city ,commission]s & ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works4 ,"o cause ( ! failure ( ^! exp]im5ts has be5 conclusively prov$ to be due to ! wret*$ condition ( bran* dra9s & h\se connections atta*$ to ! sew]s on :i* ! exp]im5ts 7 made1 & ^! are 9 a measure out ( ! control ( ! (fic]s ( ^! ,bo>ds2 & until a prop] survey ( bran* dra9s & h\se connections has be5 made1 & traps plac$ 9 prop] positions1 ! v5tilation ( ^! sew]s w be almo/ z imp]fect z 9 #ahcj4 ,! sanit>y survey :i* is n[ be+ made 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d w fail 9 "o ( its mo/ important objects unless x insi/s on e surveyor kn[+ ! condition ( dra9s "u ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,a cursory glance at ! plans ( a di/rict1 or a surface sanit>y survey w n d v mu* 9 arre/+ zymotic disease1 & ! /aff /at$ to be employ$ on ?is survey is totally inadequate = ! "w4 ,to successfully deal ) sew] v5tilation x %\ld be divid$ into two sections3 7a7 ,t ( ! sew]s & bran* dra9s :i* are directly "u ! control ( ! (fic]s ( ! v>i\s ,bo>ds1 7b7 ,^? dra9s imm$iately atta*$ to h\ses1 includ+ ! soil-pipes4 ,! necessity = v5tilat+ a sew] is1 t 9 an unv5tilat$ sew] or dra9 ! in/ant a compression ( ! air 9 a sew]1 betwe5 ! sewage & cr[n ( ! sew]1 takes place to #a_/cjj "p ( its bulk1 gas is =c$ ?r\gh ! weake/ trap accord+ to ! displacem5t ( wat]1 & z ! wat] is l[]+ 9 ! dra9 fre% air w be admitt$ into ! dra9 ?r\gh ?is trap4 ,?us if a dra9 or sew] is n v5tilat$ x w v5tilate itself4 ,%\ld a sew] be v5tilat$ ) op5 grat+s 9 ! c5tre ( ! roads1 ! plac+ ( grat+s at a mod]ate di/ance ap>t w\ld diffuse ! gas equally 9 a flat di/rict if ! temp]ature on ! surface ( ! gr\nd at ea* grat+ 7 ! same1 b ! v>iation ( ! temp]ature 9 /reets is su* t ! heat ( ! /reet at "o grat+ w be a suffici5t motive p[] to extract ! gas f _m sew]s ?r\gh ?is "o grat+1 ! o!rs only =m+ inlets :ile ! increas$ heat la/s4 ,9 hilly di/ricts1 :]e ! dra9s are ( necessity ( a /eep gradi5t1 ! quick fl[ ( ! sewage w cause ! gas to pass m rapidly :5 mu* sewage is fl[+ 9 ! dra91 ! wor/ gas com+ out at ! l[e/ grat+1 g5]ally a grat+ be=e a junction1 or :]e two dra9s meet ( diff]5t gradi5ts3 b :5 sc>cely any sewage is fl[+1 ! gas w fl[ to ! highe/ grat+4 ,?us1 9 putt+ grat+s on /eep gradi5ts 7if no me?od ( purify+ ! gas is us$71 ! grat+s %\ld n be plac$ 9 regul> di/ances ap>t1 b :]e ! gas c be dis*>g$ 9 ! mo/ op5 space4 ,9 hot wea!r1 al?\gh t5 times ! am\nt ( air passes ?r\gh sew]s ( /eep gradi5t ?an 9 a flat di/rict1 ! gases f sew]s on a /eep gradi5t are f> ! mo/ noxi\s4 ,if op5 grat+s only are us$ on a sy/em ( sew]s1 ! gas b n ! sewage %\ld be trapp$ (f into di/ricts1 n only z ! means ( prev5t+ ! gas ru%+ 9 volumes to c]ta9 po9ts1 b = prev5t+ g]ms ( disease travell+ 9 ! gas ( a sew] f an unheal?y to a heal?y di/rict1 :i* is ! case "u ! pres5t sy/em1 by leav+ sew]s = miles )\t any gas *eck4 ,we h 9 sew]s & dra9s a p[] creat$ by ! influx ( ! sewage :i* is great] ?an any me*anical means t c be us$ 9 ! v5tilation ( !m1 & x is to get ! be/ me?od ( apply+ ?is p[] t sanit>y eng9e]s mu/ direct _! att5tion4 ,! difficulties t are met ) 9 v5tilat+ sew]s ) op5 grat+s are s great1 t ,i am conv9c$ t z soon z eng9e]s /udy ! "q m fully1 ! sy/em w be ab&on$4 ,! me?od ( c>ry+ (f ! soil by wat] ?r\gh sew]s has prov$ a good & conv5i5t "o1 & sc>cely any defect c be f\nd 9 any dra9age s*eme except t ( ! v5tilation1 :i* is at pres5t "o t is condemn$ by ! inhabitants ( mo/ t[ns z a nuisance1 especially 9 hot wea!r1 & by ! m$ical pr(ession z be+ mo/ prejudicial to heal?4 ,z a rem$y = ?is1 we mu/ pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( ! e>ly exp]im5ts ,i h quot$1 :i* po9ts conclusively to ! fact t if we extract f ! gas 7:i* by compression mu/ ( necessity leave ! sew]s at op5+s7 ! noxi\s & disease-produc+ poisons conta9$ 9 x1 at ! grat+s1 & by ^? means prev5t a rapid decomposition ( ! sewage tak+ place1 & )\t putt+ any undue pressure on ! wat]-seals to h\ses1 we h ov]come ! greate/ difficulty 9 ! "w4 ,9 old dra9s or sew]s x w be ! "w ( "s "t = ! surveyor to "k t ea* dra9 f ! h\se to ! ma9 sew] is trapp$ ) a good wat]-seal1 yet ?is is ! mo/ important factor 9 provid+ good v5tilation4 ,"s p]sons h ha/ily condemn$ ! wat]-trap1 hav+ f\nd out t !y h be5 siphon$ by ! transit ( ! sewage4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,a prop]ly con/ruct$ wat]-seal or trap t cle>s itself at ea* flu%+ is ! be/ seal = sew] gas4 ,x w n keep out gas if x is =c$ 9 bulk by excessive pressure1 any m ?an coal gas c be kept out ( h\ses if a great] pressure is put on at ! works ?an ! resi/ance ( ! trap 9 ! *&eli]4 ,9 manufactur+ gas1 ei!r exp]im5tally or o!rwise1 wat] is ! seal always us$1 b we d n atta* any?+ to break t seal :5 deal+ ) gas = illum9at+ purposes1 ! same z is done 9 _m cases ) sew]s4 ,:]e new dra9s are laid1 no difficulty 9 gett+ a good seal to bran* dra9s ne$ be exp]i5c$1 & no dra9 f ! h\se to sew]s %\ld be laid )\t its be+ completely disconnect$ or cut (f z ne> ! soil-pipe z possible4 ,9 deal+ ) ! v5tilation ( soil-pipes or v]tical dra9s1 _m improvem5ts c 9 future be made4 ,! idea ( c>ry+ tall v5tilat+ pipes to ! tops ( h\ses 0 to c>ry (f gas t 0 =c$ 9 bulk ?r\gh ! trap at ! bottom ( ! soil-pipe f ! sew]1 b 9 well-laid dra9s ?is %\ld nev] occur4 ,if ! dra9 be disconnect$ x w\ld leave at ! po9t ( disconnection4 ,! velocity ( ! wat] ru%+ d[n ! pipe1 z prov$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] on dra9 te/+1 c>ries ! gas out at ! bottom ( ! pipe1 ! top ( ! pipe =m+ ! inlet :5 od\rs are giv5 (f f ! pass+ soil1 b z soon z ! flu%+ is ov] a return curr5t takes place & fre% air asc5ds ! pipe4 ,if y d n use any me?od ( purify+ ! gas :i* escapes ?r\gh ! pipe1 ! be/ plan is to h ! pipe z op5 z possible at ! top & bottom1 & at all b5ds1 = v5tilation4 ,^! op5+s ne$ only be j above ! level ( ! wat] fl[ to prev5t spla%+1 & by foll[+ ?is rule ^? unsightly pipes 7:i* give build+s m ! appe>ance ( a di/ill]y or *emical works r ?an a dwell+-h\se or home7 c be avoid$ & erect$ s z to =m "o ( ! ornam5ts 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! build+4 ,!re is at pres5t too mu* !ory 9 sew] v5tilation1 )\t pay+ any att5tion to results ga9$1 or to ! laws :i* control ! atmosph]e & its action on sewage matt]4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,transmission ,,( ,,zymotic ,,disease4 ,:il/ mak+ exp]im5ts & tak+ obs]vations five ye>s ago1 to trace ! orig9 & transmission ( "s cases ( zymotic disease1 ,i =m$ an op9ion t ! !ory z reg>ds ! transmission ( zymotic disease by contagion 0 to a c]ta9 ext5t an errone\s "o4 ,i m5tion$ ?is to "s ( my m$ical acqua9tances at ! "t1 b z x 0 s opposite to ! prevail+ ideas1 ,i 0 advis$ n to publi% or hold out su* op9ions1 z !y 7 contr>y to ! !ories accept$ by ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,n[ t ^! !ories h be5 sev]ely %ak51 & 9 _m cases rev]s$ by m$ical m5 !mselves1 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 ,i %all plead no excuse1 b ins]t !m = ! guidance ( ^? engag$ 9 sanit>y "w4 ,! s\rce ( zymotic diseases may be trac$ to p]sons inhal+ or tak+ into ! sy/em poisons f putrid sewage matt]1 & ^? poisons are convey$ into ! body1 ei!r 9 ! food !y eat1 ! wat] !y dr9k1 or ! air !y brea!4 ,:e!r !y are organic or inorganic1 !y poison ! blood1 :i* becomes m or less diseas$1 accord+ to _! d5sity or vitality1 or :e!r ea* ( ! zymotic diseases is produc$ by di/9ct organic g]ms gr[n & develop$ f putrid matt] "u diff]5t atmosph]ic influ5ces1 x matt]s n to my m9d 9 prov+ ! true me?od by :i* zymotic diseases are transmitt$4 ,on ! orig9 or s\rce f :i* ^! diseases are produc$1 ,i d n ?9k !re are two op9ions1 viz4 t ( poisons f putrid matt]1 & ! "q to be solv$ is 9 :at mann] ^! poisons are convey$ into ! sy/em4 ,to d ?is x w be necess>y to quote "s cases ( zymotic disease & ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd$ !m4 ,9 a small di/rict1 a girl ?irte5 ye>s ( age 0 tak5 ) diph!ria1 & 9 two days aft] ! y\ng] bro!r 0 tak5 & ! o!r *ildr5 appe>$ sickly4 ,f inve/igation x 0 c]ta9 t ! poison _h n be5 convey$ into ! sy/em by food or wat]4 ,! *ildr5 g5]ally took _! meals 9 ! kit*51 ! door ( :i* op5$ into ! y>d1 :i* 0 ab\t #aj feet long by #h feet wide1 9 ! corn] ( :i* 0 ! ,w4,c4 ,i te/$ ! atmosph]e ent]+ ! room at ! bottom ( ! doorway1 & f\nd t x conta9$ poison\s matt]1 & on te/+ ! closet & dra9s ,i f\nd a hole #c in*es by in* 9 ! closet trap4 ,"h 0 ! s\rce ( poison :i* produc$ ! disease4 ,! gas 9 ! dra9 0 conf9$ betwe5 two traps & 9 contact ) putrid sewage matt]1 & :5 x 0 remov$ no poison f any o!r s\rce c\ld be detect$4 ,! fir/ *ild t 0 tak5 ill di$1 b ! o!r recov]$4 ,n[ x is q evid5t t ! second *ild did n take ! disease f ! fir/1 z x _h n "t to develop4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! room & ! brea? ( ! *ild 7 n z poison\s z ! atmosph]e ( ! kit*5 9 a l9e betwe5 ! kit*5 fire & ! door1 & x 0 on ?is l9e bo? *ildr5 sat at _! meals1 & ?us inhal$ ! poison ) _! food4 ,_h ! gases 9 ! o!r dra9s ( ! di/rict be5 ( ! same d5sity z 9 ?is "o1 & simil> leaks exi/$ 9 ! sanit>y fitt+s1 diph!ria w\ld h spread1 & by ! popul> !ory its transmission w\ld h be5 attribut$ to contagion f ?is family1 :i* 9 face ( ! above facts w\ld h be5 incorrect4 ,ano!r case4 ,9 a l>ge t[n diph!ria broke out1 & "s hundr$s 7 attack$ & ov] two hundr$ di$4 ,! s\rce ( ! disease 0 n 9 ! food or wat]1 & ! only disease-produc+ poison t c\ld be f\nd 0 9 ! gas issu+ f ! sew] grat+s & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,s*ools 7 clos$ & ! usual rem$ies us$ to prev5t contagion1 b all to no purpose4 ,! sew]s be+ ( an easy gradi5t _h silt$1 =m+ at int]vals masses ( putrid matt]1 & 9 ! be/ h\ses1 :]e ! disease 0 mo/ preval5t1 poisons f ! sew]s 7 laid on to !m by ! badly-con/ruct$ dra9s & sanit>y fitt+s4 ,! au?orities at la/ took ! matt] vigor\sly 9 h&1 cleans$ & sweet5$ ! sew]s z mu* z possible1 & !n ! disease abat$ & di$ out4 ,_h contagion be5 ! means by :i* ! disease 0 transmitt$1 x w\ld h cont9u$ z x exi/$ 9 ! t[n "u almo/ e k9d ( atmosph]ic temp]ature4 ,"h we h evid5ce %[+ t putrid matt] did exi/ f :i* poisons 7 giv5 (f & _! mode ( transit into ! body1 b n ! slighte/ evid5ce to prove ! poison pass$ direct f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,^! poisons 9 ! gas c be de/roy$ by wa%+ ! gas 9 a *emical solution on leav+ ! grat+1 & s9ce ?is has be5 done m$ical m5 h cur$ ! disease by wa%+ ! ?roat 9 a simil> solution4 ,numb]s ( typhoid cases c\ld be m5tion$ :]e poisons f putrid matt] 7 convey$ into ! sy/em by wat]1 milk1 & impure food1 b ,i h nev] he>d ( a case :]e ! poison 0 detect$ leav+ "o p]son = ano!r4 ,if 9 #ahhc a p]son _h /at$ t *ol]a 0 n contagi\s1 !y w\ld h be5 ridicul$1 yet ! pr9cipal physician & ^? 9 *>ge ( ! *ol]a hospitals ( ,p>is la/ ye>1 c]tifi$ to ! repres5tative ( "o ( our daily pap]s t *ol]a 0 n contagi\s4 ,! *ol]a epidemic ( la/ ye> proves t *ol]a poisons are produc$ by heat & atmosph]ic influ5ces on putrid matt]1 & circum/ances fav\r ! !ory t !y are inorganic1 & :5 inhal$ into ! sy/em poison ! organisms ( ! blood to su* an ext5t z to produce ! disease4 ,cases ( *ol]a broke out 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,cont95t at ! same date1 cle>ly %[+ t contagion _h no?+ to d ) produc+ or transmitt+ ! disease4 ,9 ,engl& our ports 7 jeal\sly wat*$ to prev5t any case f be+ l&$4 ,_h a case be5 l&$1 ! excreta f t "o case might1 :5 mix$ ) ! sewage ( a l>ge t[n1 h be5 ! means ( spread+ ! disease ?r\gh ! :ole di/rict1 z miles ( sew]s are s laid t poisons 9 ! gases c be effectually di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! di/rict 9 a v %ort "t4 ,op5 v5tilation to sew]s w\ld greatly assi/ ?is1 & especially :5 ! gases 9 ! dra9s & ! fre% air admitt$ into !m 7 ( a high temp]ature4 ,x is v improbable t cases if import$ w\ld break out 9 two t[ns at ! same "t1 or t ! poison c\ld be convey$ 9 ! atmosph]e :i* divides u f ! ,cont95t4 ,=tunately1 :5 ! cont95tal outbreak 0 kn[n1 ! au?orities 9 ! metropolis & o!r t[ns us$ dis9fectants on all kn[n putrid matt]1 & especially at ! sew] grat+s4 ,?is 0 an exp5sive process1 b x _h ! effect ( prev5t+ ! atmosph]ic influ5ces 7:i* 7 simil> to ^? on ! ,cont95t7 f develop+ ! poison to a vitality necess>y to give ! disease4 ,x w\ld be an excell5t prev5tive if ! au?orities ( t[ns w\ld ?or\ghly exam9e e "p ( _! di/ricts1 & "k = a c]ta9ty :e!r 9 _! sew]s1 cesspits1 vaults1 or du/-b9s !re exi/$ putrid matt]1 or gases f !m simil> to ^? :i* produc$ ! disease on ! ,cont95t4 ,! exp5se ( su* an exam9ation & = rem$y+ ! evils _c be an excuse = n do+ ?is "w1 z ! monet>y loss exp]i5c$ by ! resid5ts ( ^? cont95tal t[ns & cities by ! outbreak 0 enorm\s4 ,:at ! loss w\ld be to ! resid5ts ( ! metropolis if a *ol]a epidemic 7 to occur1 x is difficult to imag9e1 & yet 9 _m ( ! di/ricts *ol]a-produc+ elem5ts exi/ f :i* 9 all probability ! heat & atmosph]ic influ5ces exp]i5c$ dur+ sev]al weeks ( excessive dry wea!r dur+ ! summ] mon?s w produce poisons ( a simil> vitality to ^? produc$ on ! ,cont95t dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,previ\s to ! *ol]a epidemic1 small-pox 0 v preval5t 9 ,london1 & ,i v c>efully not$ ! cases z !y 7 report$1 & visit$ ! di/ricts :]e ! disease 0 mo/ preval5t1 = ! purpose ( te/+ ! nature ( ! gases 9 ! sew]s1 & obs]v+ h[ ! sew]s & sanit>y fitt+s 7 con/ruct$4 ,9 _m ( ^! di/ricts1 & especially ^? ( ,hom]ton1 ,hackney1 ,b[1 & ,bromley1 ! dra9s are s laid & ! fitt+s s con/ruct$ t a supply ( sew] gas is pump$ into ! h\ses1 & x is impossible = p]sons to live 9 ! h\ses ( ^! di/ricts )\t inhal+ gases t h be5 = a long "t 9 contact ) sewage matt]4 ,:e!r ! small-pox poison is an organic "o 7:i* ,i believe x is71 & is produc$ f a collection ( matt] 9 a high /ate ( decomposition1 ) or )\t be+ mix$ ) ! excreta ( p]sons suff]+ f ! disease1 or :e!r x is ( an inorganic nature1 ! poison is d]iv$ f ?is s\rce r ?an f ! impurities ?r[n (f ?r\gh ! sk9 ( p]sons suff]+ f ! disease4 ,z a pro( ( ?is1 z soon z ! *ol]a broke out la/ ye> on ! ,cont95t1 almo/ e gulley & grat+ 9 ! metropolis :]e sew] gas passes 0 *>g$ m or less ) a dis9fectant1 :i* m9imis$ ! poison 9 ! gas4 ,! result 0 t small-pox abat$ 9 an epidemic =m al?\gh ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e increas$4 ,! dis9fectants s plac$ c\ld n1 naturally1 affect ! gas 9 bran* dra9s to h\ses1 or putrid matt] 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! sew]s1 or if x _h1 judg+ f its b5eficial effects at ! outlets1 small-pox w\ld h disappe>$4 ,if contagion 7 ! means by :i* ?is disease 0 di/ribut$1 dis9fectants at sew] grat+s w\ld n h prev5t$ ! disease cont9u+ 9 an epidemic =m4 ,take ! adjo9+ di/ricts ( ,fulham & ,putney4 ,dur+ ! epidemic1 ! gases f ! sew] grat+s 9 ! ,fulham di/rict 7 m d5se ?an ^? at ,putney4 ,fulham _h _m cases ( small-pox1 b ,putney none1 al?\gh p]sons f ea* di/rict 7 9 daily contact ) ea* o!r2 b ! h\ses 7 n connect$ by ! same sy/em ( sew]s4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ,i wi% to advance ! !ories ( ! anti-vacc9ationi/4 ,i h _h my *ildr5 vacc9at$ because x is ! law1 & 9 ! op9ion ( m$ical m5 a prev5tive aga9/ ! disease1 b view+ ! *ange ( m$ical op9ion ) ref]5ce to *ol]a dur+ la/ ye>1 & comp>+ te/s & obs]vations t h be5 made1 !y w soon be conv9c$ t vacc9ation is a futile rem$y to use ) a view ( /amp+ out ! disease4 ,at pres5t ! "q is 7) m$ical m57 "o ( !ory1 b ere long ,i am c]ta9 t !y w take a m practical view ( ! case & def9itely fix ! orig9 ( ?is disease & its di/ribution4 ,previ\s to vacc9ation be+ introduc$1 putrid matt] 9 vaults1 cesspits1 & dra9s 0 all[$ to rea* a high] /ate ( putrefaction1 & ?us ! poisons f !m became m virul5t & produc$ ! disease ( a m virul5t type4 ,if mod]n sy/ems ( dra9age & sanit>y arrangem5ts 7 ! means ( prev5t+ ?is high /ate ( putrefaction1 & ( r$uc+ ! disease to a mild] =m1 p]fect+ ^! arrangem5ts %\ld be ! means ( /amp+ x out altoge!r & r5d]+ vacc9ation useless4 ,unless x c be prov$ t poisons giv5 (f ?r\gh ! sk9 & f ! lungs ( p]sons suff]+ f ! disease are z virul5t z ^? f putrid matt] alone1 or f ! excreta f ^? suff]+ f ! disease1 ! !ory ( contagion#b _c be ent]ta9$4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ^w contagion z "h us$ is n int5d$ to apply to cases :]e p]sons n affect$ sleep 9 ! same b$1 or we> ! same clo!s1 or h&le ?+s f1 or p]sons suff]+ f ?is disease1 z ?is w\ld be inoculation4 ,_m m$ical m5 w say t ! facts to prove t small-pox is transmitt$ by contagion are s positive t !re is no *ance ( disput+ !m4 ,let u exam9e two cases to support ?is !ory4 ,small-pox is preval5t1 say1 9 ! nor? ( ,london2 a man is 9 bus9ess !re f sev5 to eight h\rs ea* day1 b 8 home is 9 ! ,s4,w4 di/rict4 ,he is tak5 ill1 & rema9s at home1 call+ 9 8 m$ical att5dant1 :o on 8 second visit pron\nces x a case ( small-pox1 & ord]s 8 removal to ! hospital4 ,9 a few days o!r memb]s ( ! family are tak5 & remov$1 & simil> cases occur 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! !ory ( ! m$ical man w\ld be t 8 fir/ pati5t _h contract$ 8 disease 9 8 place ( bus9ess 9 ! ,n4,w4 di/rict & _h convey$ x to ! ,s4,w4 di/rict1 di/ribut+ x 9 ! neighb\rhood 9 :i* he liv$4 ,?is is only !ory1 & ! only ?+ ! m$ical man has to rely on to prove 8 case is1 t ! man fir/ tak5 0 engag$ ?ree-f\r?s ( ea* day :]e small-pox 0 preval5t4 ,aga9/ ?is !ory1 assume t ! disease orig9at$ by ! :ole ( ^! p]sons inhal+ poisons f putrid matt] 9 _! own locality or at _! own doors1 or 9 _! homes1 b t ! atmosph]ic influ5ces to develop ! poison 0 a few days long] complet+ its "w 9 ! ,s4,w4 di/rict ?an 9 ! nor?4 ,!n te/ ! sanit>y conditions ( bo? localities1 & y w f9d simil> matt] produc+ poisons4 ,^! are facts t w support ?is view ( ! case1 z well z ! foll[+ evid5ce :i* _c be contradict$4 ,:5 sewage matt] is all[$ to rema9 9 bulk undi/urb$1 & 9 connection ) a sy/em ( sew]s1 x =ms retorts = ! g5]ation ( ^! poisons1 & !y are convey$ = miles 9 dra9s by atmosph]ic & o!r influ5ces2 & :]e ^! p liv$ ! gases w\ld probably be dis*>g$ ) a great] facility ?an at any o!r po9t4 ,take ano!r case4 ,a man leaves ,london = ! c\ntry1 & a day or two aft] 8 arrival he is tak5 ill ) small-pox4 ,!re is no sy/em ( dra9s to ! h\se 9 :i* he is locat$4 ,p liv+ 9 ?is & o!r h\ses are affect$ ) ! disease1 & ! m$ical (fic] ( heal? 9 8 report /ates t ! disease 0 convey$ f ,london to ! di/rict by ?is man4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly ! fir/ "o affect$1 & at fir/ sight ?is case appe>s to be conclusive 9 fav\r ( contagion1 = if he did n contract ! disease 9 ,london & br+ x into ! c\ntry h[ 0 x t he 0 fir/ affect$8 ,x is c]ta9 t putrid matt] f :i* ! poisons are d]iv$ exi/s 9 villages simil> to t 9 t[ns1 consequ5tly ! poisons are !re1 & m$ical m5 agree t :5 a p]son leaves "o locality = ano!r1 = :at is commonly call$ a *ange ( air1 ! sy/em und]goes a *ange4 ,?is *ange _h su* an effect on ! sy/em ( ?is man t ! poison f ! putrid matt] ( ! village _h a great] effect on him & poison$ ! blood m quickly1 ?an on ^? :o 7 inhal+ ! poison dur+ its v>i\s /ages ( developm5t3 b :5 x 0 fully develop$ by atmosph]ic influ5ces ! disease appe>$ 9 ^? o!r p]sons :o 7 9 contact ) ! poison4 ,! action ( sew] poison on ! sy/em is simil> to t exp]i5c$ by p]sons tak+ cold4 ,p]sons occupi$ 9 rooms :i* h an equal temp]ature1 or are n subject$ to cold *illy w9ds1 take colds & contract all sorts ( compla9ts on be+ expos$ to curr5ts ( cold air ev5 = a %ort "t4 ,! draught f a w9d[ only1 :5 a cold /ream ( air is play+ ^u x1 w d ?is3 ! blood is *ill$1 h5ce ! cold1 fev]1 or "o ( ! _m compla9ts foll[2 b on p]sons us$ to exposure x has no effect4 ,9 ! same way sew] poisons act on ^? :o sudd5ly inhale !m1 only ! blood becomes poison$ in/ead ( *ill$2 b on ^? :o are 9 con/ant contact ) !m !y h n su* an effect1 yet on ^! p]sons ! effect ( !m c be trac$4 ,! m$ical pr(ession h hi!rto plac$ too mu* reliance on isolation z ! sole means ( /amp+ out ?is disease4 ,! ,metropolitan ,asylums ,bo>d h _h ample means at _! disposal s9ce #ahfg to te/ ! s\ndness ( ?is !ory1 yet aft] sp5d+ some?+ l #dhj1jjjl4 p] annum1 small-pox has increas$ #ajj p] c5t4 s9ce t date6 ,?is fact alone is suffici5t evid5ce to prove t o!r means ?an ^? ( isolation mu/ be us$ to effectually /amp out ?is disease4 ,x is ( little use to h elaborate arrangem5ts 9 hospitals & camps to m9imise ! effects on p]sons :o h tak5 ! disease1 & at ! same "t all[ ! s\rce f :i* x emanates to rema9 undi/urb$4 ,i admit t x is a "q too complicat$ to be exhau/ively dealt ) 9 a "w on ! te/+ ( dra9s & sanit>y fitt+s1 b x is ins]t$ to %[ :at a p[] ^? :o are engag$ 9 design+ or execut+ sanit>y works hold = good or evil 9 affect+ ! heal? ( ! community4 ,exp]i5ce proves t n9ety-n9e zymotic cases out ( e hundr$ are caus$ ?r\gh imp]fect sanit>y works & appliances4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4 ,,books ,,relat+ ,,to ,,appli$ ,,sci5ce ,,publi%$ ,,by ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 ,,london3 #abe1 ,,/r&4 ,,new ,,york3 #ce1 ,,murray ,,/reet4 ,a ,pocket-,book = ,*emi/s1 ,*emical ,manufactur]s1 ,metallurgi/s1 ,dy]s1 ,di/ill]s1 ,brew]s1 ,sug> ,ref9]s1 ,photograph]s1 ,/ud5ts1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,?omas ,,bayley1 ,assoc4 ,r4,c4 ,sc4 ,irel&1 ,analytical & ,consult+ ,*emi/ & ,assay]4 ,?ird edition1 ) additions1 #dcg pp41 royal #cbmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts3 ,atomic ,weights & ,factors--,useful ,data--,*emical ,calculations--,rules = ,indirect ,analysis--,weights & ,measures--,!rmomet]s & ,b>omet]s--,*emical ,physics--,boil+ ,po9ts1 etc4--,solubility ( ,sub/ances--,me?ods ( ,obta9+ ,specific ,gravity--,conv]sion ( ,hydromet]s--,/r5g? ( ,solutions by ,specific ,gravity--,analysis--,gas ,analysis--,wat] ,analysis--,qualitative ,analysis & ,reactions--,volumetric ,analysis--,manipulation--,m9]alogy--,as say+--,alcohol--,be]--,sug>--,miscellane \s ,te*nological matt] relat+ to ,pota%1 ,soda1 ,sulphuric ,acid1 ,*lor9e1 ,t> ,products1 ,petroleum1 ,milk1 ,tall[1 ,photography1 ,prices1 ,wages1 ,app5dix1 etc41 etc4 ,! ,me*anician3 ,a ,treatise on ! ,con/ruction & ,manipulation ( ,tools1 = ! use & in/ruction ( ,"y ,eng9e]s & ,sci5tific ,amateurs1 compris+ ! ,arts ( ,blacksmi?+ & ,=g+2 ! ,con/ruction & ,manufacture ( ,h& ,tools1 & ! v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,us+ & ,gr9d+ !m2 ! ,con/ruction ( ,ma*9e ,tools1 & h[ to "w !m2 ,ma*9e ,fitt+ & ,erection2 description ( ,h& & ,ma*9e ,processes2 ,turn+ & ,screw ,cutt+2 pr9ciples ( ,con/ruct+ & details ( ,mak+ & ,erect+ ,/eam ,eng9es1 & ! v>i\s details ( sett+ out "w1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,cam]on ,,knight1 ,eng9e]4 ,conta9+ #aadg illu/rations1 & #cig pages ( lett]-press4 ,?ird edition1 #dto1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,on ,design+ ,belt ,ge>+4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,c[l+ ,,wel*1 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,me*4 ,eng9e]s1 ,au?or ( #8,design+ ,valve ,ge>+4' ,fcap4 #hvo1 sew$1 #f;d4 ,a ,h&book ( ,=mul1 ,tables1 & ,memor&a1 = ,ar*itectural ,surveyors & o!rs engag$ 9 ,build+4 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hur/1 ,c4,e4 ,?irte5? edition1 royal #cbmo1 roan1 #es4 8,x is no disp>agem5t to ! _m excell5t publications we ref] to1 to say t 9 our op9ion ?is little pocket-book ( ,hur/'s is ! v be/ ( !m all1 )\t any exception4 ,x w\ld be useless to attempt a recapitulation ( ! cont5ts1 = x appe>s to conta9 almo/ ev]y?+ t anyone connect$ ) build+ c\ld require1 &1 be/ ( all1 made up 9 a compact =m = c>ry+ 9 ! pocket1 measur+ only #e 94 by #c 941 & ab\t 94 ?ick1 9 a limp cov]4 ,we congratulate ! au?or on ! success ( 8 labori\s & practically compil$ little book1 :i* has receiv$ unqualifi$ & des]v$ praise f e pr(essional p]son to :om we h %[n x40--,! ,dubl9 ,build]4 ,tabulat$ ,weights ( ,angle1 ,tee1 ,bulb1 ,r\nd1 ,squ>e1 & ,flat ,iron & ,/eel1 & o!r in=mation = ! use ( ,naval ,ar*itects & ,%ipbuild]s4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,,jordan1 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 ,f\r? edition1 #cbmo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,quantity ,survey+4 ,by ,j4 ,,lean+4 ,) #db illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #is4 ,,cont5ts3 ,a complete ,explanation ( ! ,london ,practice4 ,g5]al ,in/ructions4 ,ord] ( ,tak+ ,(f4 ,modes ( ,measurem5t ( ! v>i\s ,trades4 ,use & ,wa/e4 ,v5tilation & ,w>m+4 ,cr$its1 ) v>i\s ,examples ( ,treatm5t4 ,abbreviations4 ,squ>+ ! ,dim5sions4 ,ab/ract+1 ) ,examples 9 illu/ration ( ea* ,trade4 ,bill+4 ,examples ( ,preambles to ea* ,trade4 ,=m = a ,bill ( ,quantities4 ,=m = a ,bill ( ,cr$its4 ,=m = a ,bill = ,alt]native ,e/imate4 ,re/orations & ,repairs1 & ,=m ( ,bill4 ,v>iations be=e ,acceptance ( ,t5d]4 ,errors 9 a ,build]'s ,e/imate4 ,s*$ule ( ,prices4 ,=m ( ,s*$ule ( ,prices4 ,analysis ( ,s*$ule ( ,prices4 ,adju/m5t ( ,acc\nts4 ,=m ( a ,bill ( ,v>iations4 ,rem>ks on ,specifications4 ,prices & ,valuation ( ,"w1 ) ,examples & ,rem>ks ^u ea* ,trade4 ,! ,law z x affects ,quantity ,surveyors1 ) ,law ,reports4 ,tak+ ,(f aft] ! ,old ,me?od4 ,nor!rn ,practice4 ,! ,g5]al ,/atem5t ( ! ,me?ods recomm5d$ by ! ,man*e/] ,society ( ,ar*itects = tak+ ,quantities4 ,examples ( ,collections4 ,examples ( 8,tak+ ,(f0 9 ea* ,trade4 ,rem>ks on ! ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,me?ods ( ,e/imat+4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,heat1 z appli$ to ! ,useful ,arts2 = ! ,use ( ,eng9e]s1 ,ar*itects1 c4 ,by ,,?omas ,,box4 ,) #ad plates4 ,?ird edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,descriptive ,treatise on ,ma!matical ,draw+ ,in/rum5ts3 _! con/ruction1 uses1 qualities1 selection1 pres]vation1 & sugge/ions = improvem5ts1 ) h9ts ^u ,draw+ & ,col\r+4 ,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,/anley1 ,m4,r4,i4 ,fif? edition1 ) num]\s illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,spons' ,ar*itects' & ,build]s' ,pocket-,book ( ,prices & ,memor&a4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,,"y1 ,ar*itect4 ,royal #cbmo1 roan1 #ds4 #f;d42 or clo?1 r$ edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,publi%$ annually4 ,elev5? edition4 ,n[ ready4 ,long-,span ,railway ,bridges1 compris+ ,inve/igations ( ! ,comp>ative ,!oretical & ,practical ,advantages ( ! v>i\s adopt$ or propos$ ,type ,sy/ems ( ,con/ruction1 ) num]\s ,=mul & ,tables giv+ ! weight ( ,iron or ,/eel requir$ 9 ,bridges f #cjj feet to ! limit+ ,spans2 to :i* are add$ simil> ,inve/igations & ,tables relat+ to ,%ort-span ,railway ,bridges4 ,second & revis$ edition4 ,by ,b4 ,,bak]1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,plates1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,elem5t>y ,!ory & ,calculation ( ,iron ,bridges & ,ro(s4 ,by ,,augu/ ,,ritt]1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor at ! ,polyte*nic ,s*ool at ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,translat$ f ! ?ird ,g]man edition1 by ,h4 ,r4 ,,sankey1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,) #ejj illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,! ,build]s ,cl]k3 a ,guide to ! ,managem5t ( a ,build]'s ,bus9ess4 ,by ,,?omas ,,bales4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,! ,elem5t>y ,pr9ciples ( ,c>p5try4 ,by ,,?omas ,,tr$gold4 ,revis$ f ! orig9al edition1 & p>tly rewritt51 by ,,john ,,?omas ,,hur/4 ,conta9$ 9 #eag pages ( lett]-press1 & illu/rat$ ) #dh plates & #aej wood engrav+s4 ,?ird edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,section ,i4 ,on ! ,equality & ,di/ribution ( ,=ces--,section ,,ii4 ,resi/ance ( ,timb]--,section ,,iii4 ,con/ruction ( ,floors--,section ,,iv4 ,con/ruction ( ,ro(s--,section ,v4 ,con/ruction ( ,domes & ,cupolas--,section ,,vi4 ,con/ruction ( ,p>titions--,section ,,vii4 ,scaffolds1 ,/ag+1 & ,gantries--,section ,,viii4 ,con/ruction ( ,c5tres = ,bridges--,section ,,ix4 ,c(f]-dams1 ,%or+1 & ,/rutt+--,section ,x4 ,wood5 ,bridges & ,viaducts--,section ,,xi4 ,jo9ts1 ,/raps1 & o!r ,fa/5+s--,section ,,xii4 ,timb]4 ,our ,factories1 ,work%ops1 & ,w>eh\ses3 _! ,sanit>y & ,fire-,resi/+ ,arrangem5ts4 ,by ,b4 ,h4 ,,?waite1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,) #ahc wood engrav+s1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #is4 ,gold3 ,its ,occurr5ce & ,extraction1 embrac+ ! ,geographical & ,geological ,di/ribution & ! ,m9]alogical ,*>act]s ( ,gold-be>+ rocks2 ! peculi> features & modes ( work+ ,%all[ ,plac]s1 ,riv]s1 & ,deep ,leads2 ,hydraulick+2 ! ,r$uction & ,sep>ation ( ,aurif]\s ,qu>tz2 ! treatm5t ( complex ,aurif]\s ores conta9+ o!r metals2 a ,bibliography ( ! subject & a ,gloss>y ( ,te*nical & ,=eign ,t]ms4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,g4 ,,lock1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) num]\s illu/rations & maps1 #abej pp41 sup]-royal #hvo1 clo?1 #bl4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,coal ,m9+4 ,by ,,george ,g4 ,,&r1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,memb] ( ! ,society ( ,eng9e]s4 ,) #hb li?ographic plates4 #b vols41 royal #dto1 clo?1 #cl4 #abs4 ,iron ,ro(s3 ,examples ( ,design1 ,description4 ,illu/rat$ ) #fd ,work+ ,draw+s ( ,execut$ ,ro(s4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,t4 ,,walmisley1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,imp4 #dto1 half-morocco1 #b #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,electric ,telegraphy1 to ! ,ye> #ahcg4 ,*iefly compil$ f ,orig9al ,s\rces1 & hi!rto ,unpubli%$ ,docum5ts1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,,fahie1 ,mem4 ,soc4 ( ,tel4 ,eng9e]s1 & ( ! ,int]national ,society ( ,electricians1 ,p>is4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #is4 ,spons' ,in=mation = ,colonial ,eng9e]s4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hur/4 ,demy #hvo1 sew$4 ,no4 #a1 ,ceylon4 ,by ,,abraham ,,deane1 ,c4,e4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,introductory ,rem>ks--,natural ,productions--,ar*itecture & ,eng9e]+--,topography1 ,trade1 & ,natural ,hi/ory--,pr9cipal ,/ations--,weights & ,measures1 etc41 etc4 ,no4 #b4 ,s\!rn ,africa1 includ+ ! ,cape ,colony1 ,natal1 & ! ,dut* ,republics4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,hall1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 ,f4,r4,c4,i4 ,) ,map4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,g5]al ,description ( ,s\? ,africa--,physical ,geography ) ref]5ce to ,eng9e]+ ,op]ations--,notes on ,lab\r & ,mat]ial 9 ,cape ,colony--,geological ,notes on ,rock ,=mation 9 ,s\? ,africa--,eng9e]+ ,in/rum5ts = ,use 9 ,s\? ,africa--,pr9cipal ,public ,works 9 ,cape ,colony3 ,railways1 ,m\nta9 ,roads & ,passes1 ,h>b\r ,works1 ,bridges1 ,gas ,works1 ,irrigation & ,wat] ,supply1 ,ligh?\ses1 ,dra9age & ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,public ,build+s1 ,m9es--,table ( ,woods 9 ,s\? ,africa--,animals us$ = ,draught ,purposes--,/ati/ical ,notes--,table ( ,di/ances--,rates ( ,c>riage1 etc4 ,no4 #c4 ,india4 ,by ,f4 ,c4 ,,danv]s1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,) ,map4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,physical ,geography ( ,india--,build+ ,mat]ials--,roads--,railways--,bridges-- ,irrigation--,riv] ,works--,h>b\rs--,ligh?\se ,build+s--,native ,lab\r--,! ,pr9cipal ,trees ( ,india--,money--,weights & ,measures--,gloss>y ( ,indian ,t]ms1 etc4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,ca/+ & ,f\nd+1 includ+ descriptions ( ! mod]n ma*9]y employ$ 9 ! art4 ,by ,n4 ,e4 ,,spretson1 ,eng9e]4 ,?ird edition1 ) #hb plates drawn to scale1 #dab pp41 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,/eam ,heat+ = ,build+s2 or1 ,h9ts to ,/eam ,fitt]s1 be+ a description ( ,/eam ,heat+ ,app>atus = ,w>m+ & ,v5tilat+ ,private ,h\ses & ,l>ge ,build+s1 ) rem>ks on ,/eam1 ,wat]1 & ,air 9 _! relation to ,heat+4 ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,baldw94 ,) _m illu/rations4 ,f\r? edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,depreciation ( ,factories & _! ,valuation4 ,by ,,ew+ ,,ma!son1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,a ,h&book ( ,electrical ,te/+4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,kempe1 ,m4,s4,t4,e4 ,?ird edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,gas ,works3 _! ,arrangem5t1 ,con/ruction1 ,plant1 & ,ma*9]y4 ,by ,f4 ,,coly]1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,) #ca fold+ plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #bds4 ,! ,cl]k ( ,works3 a ,vade-,mecum = all engag$ 9 ! ,sup]9t5d5ce ( ,build+ ,op]ations4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,hosk9s1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,?ird edition1 fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,am]ican ,f\ndry ,practice3 ,treat+ ( ,loam1 ,dry ,s&1 & ,gre5 ,s& ,m\ld+1 & conta9+ a ,practical ,treatise ^u ! ,managem5t ( ,cupolas1 & ! ,melt+ ( ,iron4 ,by ,t4 ,d4 ,,we/1 ,practical ,iron ,m\ld] & ,f\ndry ,=eman4 ,second edition1 ) num]\s illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,ma9t5ance ( ,macadamis$ ,roads4 ,by ,t4 ,,codr+ton1 ,m4,i4,c4,e1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,c\nty ,roads = ,s\? ,wales4 #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,hydraulic ,/eam & ,h& ,p[] ,lift+ & ,press+ ,ma*9]y4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,coly]1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,m4 ,in/4 ,m4,e4 ,) #gc plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,pumps & ,pump+ ,ma*9]y4 ,by ,f4 ,,coly]1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,) #bc fold+ plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,municipal & ,sanit>y ,eng9e]'s ,h&book4 ,by ,h4 ,,p]cy ,,b\lnois1 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,bor\gh ,eng9e]1 ,portsm\?4 ,) num]\s illu/rations1 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,! ,appo9tm5t & ,duties ( ! ,t[n ,surveyor--,traffic--,macadamis$ ,roadways--,/eam ,roll+--,road ,metal & ,break+--,pit*$ ,pavem5ts--,asphalte--,wood ,pavem5ts--,footpa?s--,k]bs & ,gutt]s--,/reet ,nam+ & ,numb]+--,/reet ,light+--,sew]age--,v5tilation ( ,sew]s--,disposal ( ,sewage--,h\se ,dra9age--,dis9fection--,gas & ,wat] ,companies1 c41 ,break+ up ,/reets--,improvem5t ( ,private ,/reets--,borr[+ ,p[]s--,artizans' & ,lab\r]s' ,dwell+s--,public ,conv5i5ces--,scav5g+1 includ+ ,/reet ,cleans+--,wat]+ & ! ,remov+ ( ,sn[--,plant+ ,/reet ,trees--,deposit ( ,plans--,dang]\s ,build+s--,ho>d+s--,ob/ructions--,improv + ,/reet ,l9es--,cell> ,op5+s--,public ,pleasure ,gr\nds--,cemet]ies--,mortu>ies--,cattle & ,ord9>y ,m>kets--,public ,slaught]-h\ses1 etc4--,giv+ num]\s ,=ms ( ,notices1 ,specifications1 & ,g5]al ,in=mation ^u ^! & o!r subjects ( great importance to ,municipal ,eng9e]s & o!rs engag$ 9 ,sanit>y ,"w4 ,tables ( ! ,pr9cipal ,spe$s occurr+ 9 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 express$ 9 metres 9 a second4 ,by ,p4 ,,ke]ayeff1 ,*ief ,me*anic ( ! ,ob\*(f ,/eel ,works1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 translat$ by ,,s]gius ,,k]n1 ,m4,e4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 sew$1 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,orig91 ,progress1 ,prev5tion1 & ,cure ( ,dry ,rot 9 ,timb]2 ) ,rem>ks on ! ,means ( ,pres]v+ ,wood f ,de/ruction by ,sea-,worms1 ,beetles1 ,ants1 etc4 ,by ,,?omas ,,all5 ,,britton1 late ,surveyor to ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works1 etc41 etc4 ,) #aj plates1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,metrical ,tables4 ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,moleswor?1 ,m4,i4,c4,e4 #cbmo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,g5]al--,l9e> ,measures--,squ>e ,measures--,cubic ,measures--,measures ( ,capacity--,weights--,comb9ations--,!rmo met]s4 ,elem5ts ( ,con/ruction = ,electro-,magnets4 ,by ,c\nt ,,?4 ,,du ,,moncel1 ,mem4 de l',in/itut de ,france4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,c4 ,j4 ,,:>ton4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,electro-,telegraphy4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,s4 ,,bee*ey1 ,telegraph ,eng9e]4 ,a ,book = ,beg9n]s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 sew$1 #f;d4 ,h&rail+3 by ! ,squ>e ,cut4 ,by ,,john ,,jones1 ,/aircase ,build]4 ,f\r? edition1 ) sev5 plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,h&rail+3 by ! ,squ>e ,cut4 ,by ,,john ,,jones1 ,/aircase ,build]4 ,"p ,second1 ) eight plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,electrical ,units ,popul>ly ,expla9$1 ) num]\s illu/rations & ,rem>ks4 ,by ,,james ,,sw9burne1 late ( ,j4 ,w4 ,swan & ,co41 ,p>is1 late ( ,bru%-,swan ,electric ,light ,company1 ,u4,s4,a4 #ahmo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,philipp ,reis1 ,inv5tor ( ! ,telephone3 ,a ,biographical ,sket*4 ,) ,docum5t>y ,te/imony1 ,translations ( ! ,orig9al ,pap]s ( ! ,inv5tor1 c4 ,by ,,silvanus ,p4 ,,?ompson1 ,b4,a41 ,dr4 ,sc41 ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,physics 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,bri/ol4 ,) illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,use ( ,belt+ = ! ,transmission ( ,p[]4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,coop]4 ,second edition1 illu/rat$1 #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,a ,pocket-,book ( ,useful ,=mul & ,memor&a = ,civil & ,me*anical ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,guil=d ,l4 ,,moleswor?1 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,consult+ ,eng9e] to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india = ,/ate ,railways4 ,) num]\s illu/rations1 #gdd pp41 ,tw5ty-fir/ edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 #cbmo1 roan1 #fs4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts3 ,survey+1 ,levell+1 etc4--,/r5g? & ,weight ( ,mat]ials--,e>?work1 ,brickwork1 ,masonry1 ,ar*es1 etc4--,/ruts1 ,columns1 ,beams1 & ,trusses--,floor+1 ,ro(+1 & ,ro( ,trusses--,gird]s1 ,bridges1 etc4--,railways & ,roads--,hydraulic ,=mul--,canals1 ,sew]s1 ,wat]works1 ,docks--,irrigation & ,breakwat]s--,gas1 ,v5tilation1 & ,w>m+--,heat1 ,light1 ,col\r1 & ,s\nd--,gravity3 ,c5tres1 ,=ces1 & ,p[]s--,millwork1 ,tee? ( ,:eels1 ,%aft+1 etc4--,work%op ,recipes--,sundry ,ma*9]y--,animal ,p[]--,/eam & ! ,/eam ,eng9e--,wat]-p[]1 ,wat]-:eels1 ,turb9es1 etc4--,w9d & ,w9dmills--,/eam ,navigation1 ,%ip ,build+1 ,tonnage1 etc4--,gunn]y1 ,projectiles1 etc4--,weights1 ,measures1 & ,money--,trigonometry1 ,conic ,sections1 & ,curves--,telegraphy--,m5suration--,tabl es ( ,areas & ,circumf]5ce1 & ,arcs ( ,circles--,log>i?ms1 ,squ>e & ,cube ,roots1 ,p[]s--,reciprocals1 etc4--,useful ,numb]s--,diff]5tial & ,integral ,calculus--,algebraic ,signs--,telegraphic ,con/ruction & ,=mul4 ,spons' ,tables & ,memor&a = ,eng9e]s2 select$ & arrang$ by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hur/1 ,c4,e41 ,au?or ( #8,ar*itectural ,surveyors' ,h&book1' #8,hur/'s ,tr$gold's ,c>p5try1' etc4 ,fif? edition1 #fdmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #as42 or 9 clo? case1 #as4 #f;d4 ,?is "w is pr9t$ 9 a pe>l type1 & is s small1 measur+ only #b 94 by #a 94 by 94 ?ick1 t x may be easily c>ri$ 9 ! wai/coat pocket4 8,x is c]ta9ly an extremely r>e ?+ = a review] to be call$ ^u to notice a volume measur+ b #b 94 by #a 941 yet ^! dim5sions fai?fully repres5t ! size ( ! h&y little book be=e u4 ,! volume--:i* conta9s #aah pr9t$ pages1 besides a few blank pages = memor&a--is1 9 fact1 a true pocket-book1 adapt$ = be+ c>ri$ 9 ! wai/coat pocket1 & conta9+ a f> great] am\nt & v>iety ( in=mation ?an mo/ p w\ld imag9e c\ld be compress$ into s small a space4444 ,! little volume has be5 compil$ ) consid]able c>e & judgm5t1 & we c cordially recomm5d x to our read]s z a useful little pocket companion40--,eng9e]+4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,natural & ,artificial ,concrete1 its ,v>ieties & ,con/ructive ,adaptations4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,reid1 ,au?or ( ! #8,sci5ce & ,art ( ! ,manufacture ( ,portl& ,cem5t4' ,new ,edition1 ) #ei woodcuts & #e plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,hydrodynamics3 ,treatise relative to ! ,te/+ ( ,wat]-,:eels & ,ma*9]y1 ) v>i\s o!r matt]s p]ta9+ to ,hydrodynamics4 ,by ,,james ,,em]son4 ,) num]\s illu/rations1 #cfj pp4 ,?ird edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,electricity z a ,motive ,p[]4 ,by ,c\nt ,,?4 ,,du ,,moncel1 ,membre de l',in/itut de ,france1 & ,,frank ,,g]aldy1 ,+nieur des ,ponts et ,*ausses4 ,translat$ & ,edit$1 ) ,additions1 by ,c4 ,j4 ,,:>ton1 ,assoc4 ,soc4 ,tel4 ,eng4 & ,elec4 ,) #aac engrav+s & diagrams1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,h9ts on ,ar*itectural ,draughtsman%ip4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,tux=d ,,hallatt4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,treatise on ,valve-,ge>s1 ) special consid]ation ( ! ,l9k-,motions ( ,locomotive ,eng9es4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gu/av ,,zeun]1 ,pr(essor ( ,appli$ ,me*anics at ! ,conf$]at$ ,polyte*nikum ( ,zuri*4 ,translat$ f ! ,f\r? ,g]man ,edition1 by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,f4 ,,kle91 ,lehigh ,univ]sity1 ,be?lehem1 ,pa4 ,illu/rat$1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,fr5*-,poli%]'s ,manual4 ,by a ,fr5*-,poli%]2 conta9+ ,timb] ,/a9+1 ,wa%+1 ,mat*+1 ,improv+1 ,pa9t+1 ,imitations1 ,directions = ,/a9+1 ,siz+1 ,embody+1 ,smoo?+1 ,_s ,v>ni%+1 ,fr5*-,poli%+1 ,directions = ,repoli%+4 ,?ird edition1 royal #cbmo1 sew$1 #f;d4 ,hops1 _! ,cultivation1 ,comm]ce1 & ,uses 9 v>i\s ,c\ntries4 ,by ,p4 ,l4 ,,simmonds4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,manufacture & ,di/ribution ( ,coal ,gas4 ,by ,,william ,,ri*>ds4 ,demy #dto1 ) num]\s wood engrav+s & #bi plates1 clo?1 #bhs4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts3 ,introduction--,hi/ory ( ,gas ,light+--,*emi/ry ( ,gas ,manufacture1 by ,lewis ,?ompson1 ,esq41 ,m4,r4,c4,s4--,coal1 ) ,analyses1 by ,j4 ,pat]son1 ,lewis ,?ompson1 & ,g4 ,r4 ,hislop1 ,esqrs4--,retorts1 ,iron & ,clay--,retort ,sett+--,hydraulic ,ma9--,cond5s]s--,exhau/]s--,wa%]s & ,scrubb]s--,purifi]s--,purification--,hi /ory ( ,gas ,hold]--,tanks1 ,brick & ,/one1 ,composite1 ,concrete1 ,ca/-iron1 ,comp\nd ,annul> ,wr\ght-iron--,specifications--,gas ,hold]s--,/ation ,met]--,gov]nor--,di/ribution--,ma9s--,g as ,ma!matics1 or ,=mul = ! ,di/ribution ( ,gas1 by ,lewis ,?ompson1 ,esq4--,s]vices--,consum]s' ,met]s--,regulators--,burn]s--,fitt+s--, photomet]--,c>burization ( ,gas--,air ,gas & ,wat] ,gas--,composition ( ,coal ,gas1 by ,lewis ,?ompson1 ,esq4--,analyses ( ,gas--,influ5ce ( ,atmosph]ic ,pressure & ,temp]ature on ,gas--,residual ,products--,app5dix--,description ( ,retort ,sett+s1 ,build+s1 etc41 etc4 ,practical ,geometry1 ,p]spective1 & ,eng9e]+ ,draw+2 a ,c\rse ( ,descriptive ,geometry adapt$ to ! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,eng9e]+ ,draughtsman1 includ+ ! det]m9ation ( ca/ %ad[s & ,isometric ,projection1 ea* *apt] be+ foll[$ by num]\s examples2 to :i* are add$ rules = ,%ad+1 ,%ade-l9+1 etc41 toge!r ) practical in/ructions z to ! ,l9+1 ,col\r+1 ,pr9t+1 & g5]al treatm5t ( ,eng9e]+ ,draw+s1 ) a *apt] on draw+ ,in/rum5ts4 ,by ,,george ,s4 ,,cl>ke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,second edition1 ) #ba plates4 #b vols41 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,graphic ,/atics4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,k>l ,,von ,,ott1 translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,g4 ,s4 ,,cl>ke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e41 ,in/ructor 9 ,me*anical ,draw+1 ,royal ,indian ,eng9e]+ ,college4 ,) #ic illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,graphic ,/atics4 ,by ,,george ,,syd5ham ,,cl>ke1 ,capt4 ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,) #aab illu/rations4 #dto1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,dynamo-,electric ,ma*9]y3 ,a ,manual = ,/ud5ts ( ,electro-te*nics4 ,by ,,silvanus ,p4 ,,?ompson1 ,b4,a41 ,d4,sc41 ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,physics 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,bri/ol1 etc41 etc4 ,illu/rat$1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,new ,=mula = ,mean ,velocity ( ,dis*>ge ( ,riv]s & ,canals4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,kutt]4 ,translat$ f articles 9 ! #8,cultur-,+nieur1' by ,,l[is ,d',a4 ,,jackson1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,hydraulics2 a ,s]ies ( ,rules & ,tables = ! use ( ,eng9e]s1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,?omas ,,box4 ,fif? edition1 num]\s plates1 po/ #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,con/ruction ( ,horizontal & ,v]tical ,wat]:eels1 specially design$ = ! use ( op]ative me*anics4 ,by ,,william ,,cull51 ,millwright & ,eng9e]4 ,) #aa plates4 ,second edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 small #dto1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,t93 ,describ+ ! ,*ief ,me?ods ( ,m9+1 ,dress+ & ,smelt+ x abroad2 ) ,notes ^u ,ars5ic1 ,bismu? & ,wolfram4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,g4 ,,*>leton1 ,mem4 ,am]ican ,in/4 ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s4 ,) plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,p]spective1 ,expla9$ & ,illu/rat$4 ,by ,g4 ,s4 ,,cl>ke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,) illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,ess5tial ,elem5ts ( ,practical ,me*anics2 bas$ on ! ,pr9ciple ( ,"w1 design$ = ,eng9e]+ ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,oliv] ,,byrne1 =m]ly ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics1 ,college = ,civil ,eng9e]s4 ,?ird edition1 ) #adh wood engrav+s1 po/ #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,*ap4 #a4 ,h[ ,"w is ,measur$ by a ,unit1 bo? ) & )\t ref]5ce to a ,unit ( ,"t--,*ap4 #b4 ,! ,"w ( ,liv+ ,ag5ts1 ! ,influ5ce ( ,friction1 & introduces "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,laws ( ,motion--,*ap4 #c4 ,! pr9ciples exp\nd$ 9 ! fir/ & second *apt]s are appli$ to ! ,motion ( ,bodies--,*ap4 #d4 ,! ,transmission ( ,"w by simple ,ma*9es--,*ap4 #e4 ,useful ,propositions & ,rules4 ,! ,practical ,millwright & ,eng9e]'s ,ready ,reckon]2 or ,tables = f9d+ ! diamet] & p[] ( cog-:eels1 diamet]1 weight1 & p[] ( %afts1 diamet] & /r5g? ( bolts1 etc4 ,by ,,?omas ,,dixon4 ,f\r? edition1 #abmo1 clo?1 #cs4 ,brew]ies & ,malt+s3 _! ,arrangem5t1 ,con/ruction1 ,ma*9]y1 & ,plant4 ,by ,g4 ,,scamell1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,second edition1 revis$1 enl>g$1 & p>tly rewritt54 ,by ,f4 ,,coly]1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,) #bj plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,manufacture ( ,/>*1 ,glucose1 ,/>*-,sug>1 & ,dextr9e1 bas$ on ! ,g]man ( ,l4 ,von ,wagn]1 ,pr(essor 9 ! ,royal ,te*nical ,s*ool1 ,buda ,pe/h1 & o!r au?orities4 ,by ,,julius ,,frankel2 edit$ by ,,rob]t ,,hutt]1 proprietor ( ! ,philadelphia ,/>* ,works4 ,) #eh illu/rations1 #cdd pp41 #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,mill-ge>+1 ,:eels1 ,%afts1 ,rigg]s1 etc42 = ! use ( ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,?omas ,,box4 ,?ird edition1 ) #aa plates4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,m9+ ,ma*9]y3 a ,descriptive ,treatise on ! ,ma*9]y1 ,tools1 & o!r ,appliances us$ 9 ,m9+4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,&r1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 ( ! ,society ( ,eng9e]s4 ,royal #dto1 uni=m ) ! ,au?or's ,treatise on ,coal ,m9+1 conta9+ #ahb plates1 accurately drawn to scale1 ) descriptive text1 9 #b vols41 clo?1 #cl4 #abs4 ,,cont5ts3 ,ma*9]y = ,prospect+1 ,excavat+1 ,haul+1 & ,hoi/+--,v5tilation--,pump+--,treatm5t ( ,m9]al ,products1 includ+ ,gold & ,silv]1 ,copp]1 ,t91 & ,lead1 ,iron1 ,coal1 ,sulphur1 ,*9a ,clay1 ,brick ,e>?1 etc4 ,tables = ,sett+ out ,curves = ,railways1 ,canals1 ,roads1 etc41 v>y+ f a radius ( five *a9s to ?ree miles4 ,by ,a4 ,,k5n$y & ,r4 ,w4 ,,hackwood4 ,illu/rat$1 #cbmo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,sci5ce & ,art ( ! ,manufacture ( ,portl& ,cem5t1 ) obs]vations on "s ( its con/ructive applications4 ,) #ff illu/rations4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,reid1 ,c4,e41 ,au?or ( #8,a ,practical ,treatise on ,concrete1' etc41 etc4 #hvo1 clo?1 #ahs4 ,! ,draughtsman's ,h&book ( ,plan & ,map ,draw+2 includ+ in/ructions = ! prep>ation ( ,eng9e]+1 ,ar*itectural1 & ,me*anical ,draw+s4 ,) num]\s illu/rations 9 ! text1 & #cc plates 7#ae pr9t$ 9 col\rs74 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,&r1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #dto1 clo?1 #is4 ,,cont5ts3 ,! ,draw+ ,(fice & its ,furni%+s--,geometrical ,problems--,l9es1 ,dots1 & _! ,comb9ations--,col\rs1 ,%ad+1 ,lett]+1 ,bord]+1 & ,nor? ,po9ts--,scales--,plott+--,civil ,eng9e]s' & ,surveyors' ,plans--,map ,draw+--,me*anical & ,ar*itectural ,draw+--,copy+ & ,r$uc+ ,trigonometrical ,=mul1 etc41 etc4 ,! ,boil]-mak]'s & ,iron ,%ip-build]'s ,companion1 compris+ a s]ies ( orig9al & c>efully calculat$ tables1 ( ! utmo/ utility to p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! iron trades4 ,by ,,james ,,fod51 au?or ( #8,me*anical ,tables1' etc4 ,second edition revis$1 ) illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,rock ,bla/+3 a ,practical ,treatise on ! means employ$ 9 ,bla/+ ,rocks = ,indu/rial ,purposes4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,&r1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,) #ef illu/rations & #ab plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,pa9t+ & ,pa9t]s' ,manual3 a ,book ( ,facts = ,pa9t]s & ^? :o ,use or ,deal 9 ,pa9t ,mat]ials4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,condit & ,j4 ,,s*ell]4 ,illu/rat$1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on ,ropemak+ z practis$ 9 public & private ,rope-y>ds1 ) a ,description ( ! ,manufacture1 ,rules1 ,tables ( ,weights1 etc41 adapt$ to ! ,trade1 ,%ipp+1 ,m9+1 ,railways1 ,build]s1 etc4 ,by ,r4 ,,*apman1 =m]ly =eman to ,messrs4 ,hudd>t & ,co41 ,limeh\se1 & late ,ma/] ,ropemak] to ,h4,m4 ,docky>d1 ,dept=d4 ,second edition1 #abmo1 clo?1 #cs4 ,laxton's ,build]s' & ,contractors ,tables2 = ! use ( ,eng9e]s1 ,ar*itects1 ,surveyors1 ,build]s1 ,l& ,ag5ts1 & o!rs4 ,bricklay]1 conta9+ #bb tables1 ) ne>ly #cj1jjj calculations4 #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,laxton's ,build]s' & ,contractors' ,tables4 ,excavator1 ,e>?1 ,l&1 ,wat]1 & ,gas1 conta9+ #ec tables1 ) ne>ly #bd1jjj calculations4 #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+3 a ,guide to ! ,con/ruction ( ,works ( ,sew]age & ,h\se ,dra9age1 ) ,tables = facilitat+ ! calculations ( ! ,eng9e]4 ,by ,,baldw9 ,,la?am1 ,c4,e41 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,m4,s41 ,pa/-,presid5t ( ! ,society ( ,eng9e]s4 ,second edition1 ) num]\s plates & woodcuts1 #hvo1 clo?1 #al4 #ajs4 ,screw ,cutt+ ,tables = ,eng9e]s & ,ma*9i/s1 giv+ ! values ( ! diff]5t tra9s ( ,:eels requir$ to produce ,screws ( any pit*1 calculat$ by ,"l ,l9dsay1 ,m4,p41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 etc4 ,clo?1 oblong1 #bs4 ,screw ,cutt+ ,tables1 = ! use ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 %[+ ! prop] arrangem5t ( ,:eels = cutt+ ! ,?reads ( ,screws ( any requir$ pit*1 ) a ,table = mak+ ! ,univ]sal ,gas-pipe ,?reads & ,taps4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,m>t91 ,eng9e]4 ,second edition1 oblong1 clo?1 #as41 or sew$1 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on a ,practical ,me?od ( ,design+ ,slide-,valve ,ge>s by ,simple ,geometrical ,con/ruction1 bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples enunciat$ 9 ,euclid's ,elem5ts1 & compris+ ! v>i\s =ms ( ,pla9 ,slide-,valve & ,expansion ,ge>+2 toge!r ) ,/eph5son's1 ,goo*'s1 & ,allan's ,l9k-,motions1 z appli$ ei!r to rev]s+ or to v>iable expansion comb9ations4 ,by ,,edw>d ,j4 ,,c[l+ ,,wel*4 ,memb4 ,in/4 ,me*anical ,eng9e]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,clean+ & ,sc\r+3 a ,manual = ,dy]s1 ,laundresses1 & = ,dome/ic ,use4 ,by ,s4 ,,*ri/oph]4 #ahmo1 sew$1 #f;d4 ,a ,h&book ( ,h\se ,sanitation2 = ! use ( all p]sons seek+ a ,heal?y ,home4 ,a repr9t ( ^? portions ( ,mr4 ,bailey-,d5ton's ,lectures on ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+1 giv5 be=e ! ,s*ool ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 :i* relat$ to ! 8,dwell+10 enl>g$ & revis$ by 8 ,son1 ,e4 ,f4 ,,bailey-,,d5ton1 ,c4,e41 ,b4,a4 ,) #adj illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms us$ 9 ,coal ,m9+4 ,by ,,william ,,/ukeley ,,gresley1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,memb] ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ,in/itute ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s4 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s woodcuts & diagrams1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,a ,pocket-,book = ,boil] ,mak]s & ,/eam ,us]s1 compris+ a v>iety ( useful in=mation = ,employ] & ,workman1 ,gov]nm5t ,inspectors1 ,bo>d ( ,trade ,surveyors1 ,eng9e]s 9 *>ge ( ,works & ,slips1 ,=em5 ( ,manufactories1 & ! g5]al ,/eam-us+ ,public4 ,by ,,maurice ,,john ,,sexton4 ,second edition1 royal #cbmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,! ,/ra9s ^u ,bridge ,gird]s & ,ro( ,trusses1 includ+ ! ,w>r51 ,lattice1 ,trellis1 ,b[/r+1 & o!r ,=ms ( ,gird]s1 ! ,curv$ ,ro(1 & ,simple & ,comp\nd ,trusses4 ,by ,,?os4 ,,c>gill1 ,c4,e4,b4,a4,t41 ,c4,d41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,memb] ( ! ,society ( ,eng9e]s4 ,) #fd illu/rations1 drawn & work$ out to scale1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,/eam ,eng9e1 conta9+ ,plans & ,arrangem5ts ( ,details = ,fix$ ,/eam ,eng9es1 ) ,essays on ! ,pr9ciples involv$ 9 ,design & ,con/ruction4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,rigg1 ,eng9e]1 ,memb] ( ! ,society ( ,eng9e]s & ( ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita94 ,demy #dto1 copi\sly illu/rat$ ) woodcuts & #if plates1 9 "o ,volume1 half-b\nd morocco1 #bl4 #bs42 or *eap] edition1 clo?1 #bes4 ,?is "w is n1 9 any s5se1 an elem5t>y treatise1 or hi/ory ( ! /eam eng9e1 b is int5d$ to describe examples ( ,fix$ ,/eam ,eng9es )\t ent]+ into ! wide doma9 ( locomotive or m>9e practice4 ,to ?is end illu/rations w be giv5 ( ! mo/ rec5t arrangem5ts ( ,horizontal1 ,v]tical1 ,beam1 ,pump+1 ,w9d+1 ,portable1 ,semi-portable1 ,corliss1 ,all51 ,comp\nd1 & o!r simil> ,eng9es1 by ! mo/ em95t ,firms 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,am]ica4 ,! laws relat+ to ! action & precautions to be obs]v$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! v>i\s details1 su* z ,cyl9d]s1 ,pi/ons1 ,pi/on-rods1 ,connect+-rods1 ,cross-heads1 ,motion-blocks1 ,ecc5trics1 ,simple1 ,expansion1 ,balanc$1 & ,equilibrium ,slide-valves1 & ,valve-ge>+ w be m9utely dealt )4 ,9 ?is connection w be f\nd articles ^u ! ,velocity ( ,reciprocat+ ,p>ts & ! ,mode ( ,apply+ ! ,indicator1 ,heat & ,expansion ( ,/eam ,gov]nors1 & ! l4 ,x is ! writ]'s desire to draw illu/rations f e possible s\rce1 & give only ^? rules t pres5t practice deems correct4 ,b>l['s ,tables ( ,squ>es1 ,cubes1 ,squ>e ,roots1 ,cube ,roots1 ,reciprocals ( all ,integ] ,numb]s up to #aj1jjj4 ,po/ #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,camus 7,m47 ,treatise on ! ,tee? ( ,:eels1 demon/rat+ ! be/ =ms :i* c be giv5 to !m = ! purposes ( ,ma*9]y1 su* z ,mill-"w & ,clock-"w1 & ! art ( f9d+ _! numb]s4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 ) details ( ! pres5t practice ( ,millwrights1 ,eng9e ,mak]s1 & o!r ,ma*9i/s1 by ,,isaac ,,hawk9s4 ,?ird edition1 ) #ah plates1 #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,sci5ce ( ,l& & ,eng9e]+ ,survey+1 ,levell+1 ,e/imat+ ,quantities1 etc41 ) a g5]al description ( ! sev]al ,in/rum5ts requir$ = ,survey+1 ,levell+1 ,plott+1 etc4 ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,m]rett4 ,?ird edition1 #da plates ) illu/rations & tables1 royal #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,pr9cipal ,,cont5ts3 ,"p #a4 ,introduction & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,geometry4 ,"p #b4 ,l& ,survey+2 compris+ ,g5]al ,obs]vations--,! ,*a9--,(fsets ,survey+ by ! ,*a9 only--,survey+ ,hilly ,gr\nd--,to ,survey an ,e/ate or ,p>i% by ! ,*a9 only--,survey+ ) ! ,!odolite--,m9+ & ,t[n ,survey+--,railroad ,survey+--,mapp+--,division & ,lay+ out ( ,l&--,obs]vations on ,enclosures--,plane ,trigonometry4 ,"p #c4 ,levell+--,simple & ,comp\nd ,levell+--,! ,level ,book--,p>liam5t>y ,plan & ,section--,levell+ ) a ,!odolite--,gradi5ts--,wood5 ,curves--,to ,lay out a ,railway ,curve--,sett+ out ,wid?s4 ,"p #d4 ,calculat+ ,quantities g5]ally = ,e/imates--,cutt+s & ,embankm5ts--,tunnels--,brickwork--,iron work--,timb] ,measur+4 ,"p #e4 ,description & ,use ( ,in/rum5ts 9 ,survey+ & ,plott+--,! ,improv$ ,dumpy ,level--,tr\ghton's ,level--,! ,prismatic ,compass--,proportional ,compass--,box ,sextant--,v]ni]--,pantagraph--,m]rett's ,improv$ ,quadrant--,improv$ ,computation ,scale--,! ,diagonal ,scale--,/raight ,edge & ,sector4 ,"p #f4 ,log>i?ms ( ,numb]s--,log>i?mic ,s9es & ,co-,s9es1 ,tang5ts & ,co-,tang5ts--,natural ,s9es & ,co-,s9es--,tables = ,e>?work1 = ,sett+ out ,curves1 & = v>i\s ,calculations1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,saws3 ! ,hi/ory1 ,developm5t1 ,action1 ,classification1 & ,comp>ison ( ,saws ( all k9ds4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,) #bbj illu/rations1 #dto1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,supplem5t to ! above2 conta9+ additional practical matt]1 m especially relat+ to ! =ms ( ,saw ,tee? = special mat]ial & conditions1 & to ! behavi\r ( ,saws "u p>ticul> conditions4 ,) #abj illu/rations1 clo?1 #is4 ,a ,guide = ! ,electric ,te/+ ( ,telegraph ,cables4 ,by ,capt4 ,v4 ,,hoski,r1 ,royal ,dani% ,eng9e]s4 ,) illu/rations1 second edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,lay+ & ,repair+ ,electric ,telegraph ,cables4 ,by ,capt4 ,v4 ,,hoski,r1 ,royal ,dani% ,eng9e]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,pocket-,book ( ,practical ,rules = ! ,proportions ( ,mod]n ,eng9es & ,boil]s = ,l& & ,m>9e purposes4 ,by ,n4 ,p4 ,,burgh4 ,sev5? edition1 royal #cbmo1 roan1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,! ,assay]'s ,manual3 an ,abridg$ ,treatise on ! ,docima/ic ,exam9ation ( ,ores & ,furnace & o!r ,artificial ,products4 ,by ,,bruno ,,k]l4 ,translat$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,,brannt4 ,) #fe illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,/eam ,eng9e consid]$ z a ,heat ,eng9e3 a ,treatise on ! ,!ory ( ! ,/eam ,eng9e1 illu/rat$ by ,diagrams1 ,tables1 & ,examples f ,practice4 ,by ,,jas4 ,h4 ,,cott]ill1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,pr(essor ( ,appli$ ,me*anics 9 ! ,royal ,naval ,college4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,electricity3 its ,!ory1 ,s\rces1 & ,applications4 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,,sprague1 ,m4,s4,t4,e4 ,second edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) num]\s illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,! ,practice ( ,h& ,turn+ 9 ,wood1 ,ivory1 ,%ell1 etc41 ) ,in/ructions = ,turn+ su* ,"w 9 ,metal z may be requir$ 9 ! ,practice ( ,turn+ 9 ,wood1 ,ivory1 etc42 also an ,app5dix on ,ornam5tal ,turn+4 7,a book = beg9n]s47 ,by ,,francis ,,camp94 ,?ird edition1 ) wood engrav+s1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,,cont5ts3 ,on ,la!s--,turn+ ,tools--,turn+ ,wood--,drill+--,screw ,cutt+--,miscellane\s ,app>atus & ,processes--,turn+ ,p>ticul> ,=ms--,/a9+--,poli%+--,sp9n+ ,metals--,mat]ials--,ornam5tal ,turn+1 etc4 ,heal? & ,com=t 9 ,h\se ,build+1 or ,v5tilation ) ,w>m ,air by ,self-,act+ ,suction ,p[]1 ) ,review ( ! mode ( ,calculat+ ! ,draught 9 ,hot-,air ,flues1 & ) "s actual ,exp]im5ts4 ,by ,j4 ,,drysdale1 ,m4,d41 & ,j4 ,w4 ,,hayw>d1 ,m4,d4 ,second edition1 ) ,supplem5t1 ) plates1 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,treatise on ,wat*work1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,,nel?ropp1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) #cb illu/rations1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,def9itions ( ,words & ,t]ms us$ 9 ,wat*work--,tools--,"t--,hi/orical ,summ>y--,on ,calculations ( ! ,numb]s = ,:eels & ,p9ions2 _! ,proportional ,sizes1 ,tra9s1 etc4--,( ,dial ,:eels1 or ,motion ,"w--,l5g? ( ,"t ( ,go+ )\t ,w9d+ up--,! ,v]ge--,! ,horizontal--,! ,duplex--,! ,lev]--,! ,*ronomet]--,repeat+ ,wat*es--,keyless ,wat*es--,! ,p5dulum1 or ,spiral ,spr+--,comp5sation--,jewell+ ( ,pivot ,holes--,cl]k5well--,fallacies ( ! ,trade--,incapacity ( ,workm5--,h[ to ,*oose & ,use a ,wat*1 etc4 ,notes 9 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+4 ,compil$ pr9cipally = ! use ( ! ,/ud5ts att5d+ ! ,classes on ?is subject at ! ,city ( ,london ,college4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,adams1 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,m4,e41 ,mem4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 ,soc4 ( ,eng9e]s4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,algebra ,self-,taught4 ,by ,w4 ,p4 ,,higgs1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc41 ,,ll4,d41 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,au?or ( #8,a ,h&book ( ! ,diff]5tial ,calculus1' etc4 ,second edition1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3 ,symbols & ! ,signs ( ,op]ation--,! ,equation & ! ,unkn[n ,quantity--,positive & ,negative ,quantities--,multiplication--,involutio n--,expon5ts--,negative ,expon5ts--,roots1 & ! ,use ( ,expon5ts z ,log>i?ms--,log>i?ms--,tables ( ,log>i?ms & ,proportionate ,p>ts--,trans=mation ( ,sy/em ( ,log>i?ms--,common ,uses ( ,common ,log>i?ms--,comp\nd ,multiplication & ! ,b9omial ,!orem--,division1 ,fractions1 & ,ratio--,cont9u$ ,proportion--,! ,s]ies & ! ,summation ( ! ,s]ies--,limit ( ,s]ies--,squ>e & ,cube ,roots--,equations--,li/ ( ,=mul1 etc4 ,spons' ,diction>y ( ,eng9e]+1 ,civil1 ,me*anical1 ,milit>y1 & ,naval2 ) te*nical t]ms 9 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 & ,spani%1 #cajj pp41 & ne>ly #hjjj engrav+s1 9 sup]-royal #hvo1 9 #h divisions1 #el4 #hs4 ,complete 9 #c vols41 clo?1 #el4 #es4 ,b\nd 9 a sup]ior mann]1 half-morocco1 top edge gilt1 #c vols41 #fl4 #abs4 ,9 sup]-royal #hvo1 #aafh pp41 ) #bdjj illu/rations1 9 #c ,divisions1 clo?1 price #acs4 #f;d4 ea*2 or #a vol41 clo?1 #bl42 or half-morocco1 #bl4 #hs4 ,a ,,supplem5t ,,to ,,spons' ,,diction>y ,,( ,,eng9e]+4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,erne/ ,,spon1 ,,memb4 ,,soc4 ,,eng9e]s4 ,abacus1 ,c\nt]s1 ,spe$ ,indicators1 & ,slide ,rule4 ,agricultural ,implem5ts & ,ma*9]y4 ,air ,compressors4 ,animal ,*>coal ,ma*9]y4 ,antimony4 ,axles & ,axle-boxes4 ,b>n ,ma*9]y4 ,belts & ,belt+4 ,bla/+4 ,boil]s4 ,brakes4 ,brick ,ma*9]y4 ,bridges4 ,cages = ,m9es4 ,calculus1 ,diff]5tial & ,integral4 ,canals4 ,c>p5try4 ,ca/ ,iron4 ,cem5t1 ,concrete1 ,limes1 & ,mort>4 ,*imney ,%afts4 ,coal ,cleans+ & ,wa%+4 ,coal ,m9+4 ,coal ,cutt+ ,ma*9es4 ,coke ,ov5s4 ,copp]4 ,docks4 ,dra9age4 ,dr$g+ ,ma*9]y4 ,dynamo-,electric & ,magneto-,electric ,ma*9es4 ,dynamomet]s4 ,electrical ,eng9e]+1 ,telegraphy1 ,electric ,light+ & its practical details1 ,telephones ,eng9es1 ,v>ieties (4 ,explosives4 ,fans4 ,f\nd+1 ,m\ld+ & ! practical "w ( ! ,f\ndry4 ,gas1 ,manufacture (4 ,hamm]s1 ,/eam & o!r ,p[]4 ,heat4 ,horse ,p[]4 ,hydraulics4 ,hydro-geology4 ,indicators4 ,iron4 ,lifts1 ,hoi/s1 & ,elevators4 ,ligh?\ses1 ,buoys1 & ,beacons4 ,ma*9e ,tools4 ,mat]ials ( ,con/ruction4 ,met]s4 ,ores1 ,ma*9]y & ,processes employ$ to ,dress4 ,pi]s4 ,pile ,driv+4 ,pneumatic ,transmission4 ,pumps4 ,pyromet]s4 ,road ,locomotives4 ,rock ,drills4 ,roll+ ,/ock4 ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+4 ,%aft+4 ,/eel4 ,/eam ,navvy4 ,/one ,ma*9]y4 ,tramways4 ,well ,s9k+4 ,,n[ ,,complete4 ,) ne>ly #aejj illu/rations1 9 sup]-royal #hvo1 9 #e ,divisions1 clo?4 ,divisions #a to #d1 #acs4 #f;d4 ea*2 ,division #e1 #ags4 #f;d42 or #b vols41 clo?1 #c #ajs4 ,,spons' ,,encyclop,,dia ,,( ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,arts1 ,,manufactures1 ,,& ,,comm]cial ,,products4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,w>n=d ,,lock1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,among ! m important ( ! subjects treat$ (1 are ! foll[+3-- ,acids1 #bjg pp4 #bbj figs4 ,alcohol1 #bc pp4 #af figs4 ,alcoholic ,liquors1 #ac pp4 ,alkalies1 #hi pp4 #gh figs4 ,alloys4 ,alum4 ,asphalt4 ,assay+4 ,bev]ages1 #hi pp4 #bi figs4 ,blacks4 ,blea*+ ,p[d]1 #ae pp4 ,blea*+1 #ea pp4 #dh figs4 ,c&les1 #ah pp4 #i figs4 ,c>bon ,bisulphide4 ,celluloid1 #i pp4 ,cem5ts4 ,clay4 ,coal-t> ,products1 #dd pp4 #ad figs4 ,cocoa1 #h pp4 ,c(fee1 #cb pp4 #ac figs4 ,cork1 #h pp4 #ag figs4 ,cotton ,manufactures1 #fb pp4 #eg figs4 ,drugs1 #ch pp4 ,dye+ & ,calico ,pr9t+1 #bh pp4 #i figs4 ,dye/uffs1 #af pp4 ,electro-,metallurgy1 #ac pp4 ,explosives1 #bb pp4 #cc figs4 ,fea!rs4 ,fibr\s ,sub/ances1 #ib pp4 #gi figs4 ,floor-clo?1 #af pp4 #ba figs4 ,food ,pres]vation1 #h pp4 ,fruit1 #h pp4 ,fur1 #e pp4 ,gas1 ,coal1 #h pp4 ,gems4 ,glass1 #de pp4 #gg figs4 ,graphite1 #g pp4 ,hair1 #g pp4 ,hair ,manufactures4 ,hats1 #bf pp4 #bf figs4 ,honey4 ,hops4 ,horn4 ,ice1 #aj pp4 #ad figs4 ,indi>ubb] ,manufactures1 #bc pp4 #ag figs4 ,ink1 #ag pp4 ,ivory4 ,jute ,manufactures1 #aa pp41 #aa figs4 ,knitt$ ,fabrics--,hosi]y1 #ae pp4 #ac figs4 ,lace1 #ac pp4 #i figs4 ,lea!r1 #bh pp4 #ca figs4 ,l95 ,manufactures1 #af pp4 #f figs4 ,manures1 #ba pp4 #cj figs4 ,mat*es1 #ag pp4 #ch figs4 ,mordants1 #ac pp4 ,n>cotics1 #dg pp4 ,nuts1 #aj pp4 ,oils & ,fatty ,sub/ances1 #abe pp4 ,pa9t4 ,pap]1 #bf pp4 #bc figs4 ,p>aff91 #h pp4 #f figs4 ,pe>l & ,coral1 #h pp4 ,p]fumes1 #aj pp4 ,photography1 #ac pp4 #bj figs4 ,pigm5ts1 #i pp4 #f figs4 ,pott]y1 #df pp4 #eg figs4 ,pr9t+ & ,engrav+1 #bj pp4 #h figs4 ,rags4 ,res9\s & ,gummy ,sub/ances1 #ge pp4 #af figs4 ,rope1 #af pp4 #ag figs4 ,salt1 #ca pp4 #bc figs4 ,silk1 #h pp4 ,silk ,manufactures1 #i pp4 #aa figs4 ,sk9s1 #e pp4 ,small ,w>es1 #d pp4 ,soap & ,glyc]9e1 #ci pp4 #de figs4 ,spices1 #af pp4 ,sponge1 #e pp4 ,/>*1 #i pp4 #aj figs4 ,sug>1 #aee pp4 #acd figs4 ,sulphur4 ,tann91 #ah pp4 ,tea1 #ab pp4 ,timb]1 #ac pp4 ,v>ni%1 #ae pp4 ,v9eg>1 #e pp4 ,wax1 #e pp4 ,wool1 #b pp4 ,wooll5 ,manufactures1 #eh pp4 #ci figs4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 ) illu/rations1 #es4 ,,work%op ,,receipts1 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies4 ,,by ,,erne/ ,,spon4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,bookb9d+4 ,bronzes & ,bronz+4 ,c&les4 ,cem5t4 ,clean+4 ,col\rwa%+4 ,concretes4 ,dipp+ ,acids4 ,draw+ ,(fice ,details4 ,dry+ ,oils4 ,dynamite4 ,electro-,metallurgy--7,clean+1 ,dipp+1 ,scrat*-bru%+1 ,batt]ies1 ,ba?s1 & ,deposits ( e description74 ,enamels4 ,engrav+ on ,wood1 ,copp]1 ,gold1 ,silv]1 ,/eel1 & ,/one4 ,et*+ & ,aqua ,t9t4 ,firework ,mak+--7,rockets1 ,/>s1 ,ra9s1 ,g]bes1 ,jets1 ,t\rbillons1 ,c&les1 ,fires1 ,lances1 ,lights1 ,:eels1 ,fire-balloons1 & m9or ,fireworks74 ,fluxes4 ,f\ndry ,mixtures4 ,freez+4 ,fulm9ates4 ,furniture ,creams1 ,oils1 ,poli%es1 ,lacqu]s1 & ,pa/es4 ,gild+4 ,glass ,cutt+1 ,clean+1 ,fro/+1 ,drill+1 ,d>k5+1 ,b5d+1 ,/a9+1 & ,pa9t+4 ,glass ,mak+4 ,glues4 ,gold4 ,gra9+4 ,gums4 ,gun ,cotton4 ,gunp[d]4 ,horn ,work+4 ,indi>ubb]4 ,japans1 ,japann+1 & k9dr$ processes4 ,lacqu]s4 ,la?+4 ,lubricants4 ,m>ble ,work+4 ,mat*es4 ,mort>s4 ,nitro-,glyc]9e4 ,oils4 ,pap]4 ,pap] ,hang+4 ,pa9t+ 9 ,oils1 9 ,wat] ,col\rs1 z well z ,fresco1 ,h\se1 ,transp>5cy1 ,sign1 & ,c>riage ,pa9t+4 ,photography4 ,pla/]+4 ,poli%es4 ,pott]y--7,clays1 ,bodies1 ,glazes1 ,col\rs1 ,oils1 ,/a9s1 ,fluxes1 ,enamels1 & ,lu/res74 ,sc\r+4 ,silv]+4 ,soap4 ,sold]s4 ,tann+4 ,taxid]my4 ,temp]+ ,metals4 ,treat+ ,horn1 ,"m-o'-,pe>l1 & l sub/ances4 ,v>ni%es1 ,manufacture & ,use (4 ,v5e]+4 ,wa%+4 ,wat]pro(+4 ,weld+4 ,besides ,receipts relat+ to ! less] ,te*nological matt]s & processes su* z ! manufacture & use ( ,/5cil ,plates1 ,black+1 ,crayons1 ,pa/e ,putty1 ,wax1 ,size1 ,alloys1 ,catgut1 ,tunbridge ,w>e1 ,picture ,frame & ,ar*itectural ,m\ld+s1 ,compos1 ,cameos1 & o!rs too num]\s to m5tion4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #dhe pages1 ) illu/rations1 #es4 ,,work%op ,,receipts1 ,,second ,,s]ies4 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,haldane4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,acidimetry & ,alkalimetry4 ,album54 ,alcohol4 ,alkaloids4 ,bak+-p[d]s4 ,bitt]s4 ,blea*+4 ,boil] ,incru/ations4 ,cem5ts & ,lutes4 ,cleans+4 ,confection]y4 ,copy+4 ,dis9fectants4 ,dye+1 ,/a9+1 & ,col\r+4 ,ess5ces4 ,extracts4 ,firepro(+4 ,gelat9e1 ,glue1 & ,size4 ,glyc]9e4 ,gut4 ,hydrog5 p]oxide4 ,ink4 ,iod9e4 ,iod(orm4 ,is+lass4 ,ivory sub/itutes4 ,lea!r4 ,lum9\s bodies4 ,magnesia4 ,mat*es4 ,pap]4 ,p>*m5t4 ,p]*loric acid4 ,potassium oxalate4 ,pres]v+4 ,pigm5ts1 ,pa9t1 & ,pa9t+3 embrac+ ! prep>ation ( ,pigm5ts1 includ+ alum9a lakes1 blacks 7animal1 bone1 ,frank=t1 ivory1 lamp1 sight1 soot71 blues 7antimony1 ,antw]p1 cobalt1 cruleum1 ,egyptian1 manganate1 ,p>is1 ,pligot1 ,prussian1 smalt1 ultram>9e71 br[ns 7bi/re1 h9au1 sepia1 si5na1 umb]1 ,v&yke71 gre5s 7b>yta1 ,brighton1 ,brunswick1 *rome1 cobalt1 ,d\glas1 em]ald1 manganese1 mitis1 m\nta91 ,prussian1 sap1 ,s*eele's1 ,s*we9fur?1 titanium1 v]digris1 z9c71 r$s 7,brazilwood lake1 c>m9at$ lake1 c>m9e1 ,cassius purple1 cobalt p9k1 co*9eal lake1 colco?>1 ,indian r$1 madd] lake1 r$ *alk1 r$ lead1 v]milion71 :ites 7alum1 b>yta1 ,*9ese1 lead sulphate1 :ite lead--by ,am]ican1 ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,kremnitz1 & ,patt9son processes1 precautions 9 mak+1 & composition ( comm]cial samples--:it+1 ,wilk9son's :ite1 z9c :ite71 yell[s 7*rome1 gamboge1 ,naples1 orpim5t1 realg>1 yell[ lakes72 ,pa9t 7vehicles1 te/+ oils1 dri]s1 gr9d+1 /or+1 apply+1 prim+1 dry+1 fill+1 coats1 bru%es1 surface1 wat]-col\rs1 remov+ smell1 discoloration2 miscellane\s pa9ts--cem5t pa9t = c>ton-pi]re1 copp] pa9t1 gold pa9t1 iron pa9t1 lime pa9ts1 silicat$ pa9ts1 /eatite pa9t1 transp>5t pa9ts1 tung/5 pa9ts1 w9d[ pa9t1 z9c pa9ts72 ,pa9t+ 7g5]al in/ructions1 proportions ( +r$i5ts1 measur+ pa9t "w2 c>riage pa9t+--prim+ pa9t1 be/ putty1 f9i%+ col\r1 cause ( crack+1 mix+ ! pa9ts1 oils1 dri]s1 & col\rs1 v>ni%+1 importance ( wa%+ vehicles1 re-v>ni%+1 h[ to dry pa9t2 woodwork pa9t+74 ,,j ,,publi%$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #dhj pages1 ) #ahc illu/rations1 #es4 ,,work%op ,,receipts1 ,,?ird ,,s]ies4 ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,w>n=d ,,lock4 ,uni=m ) ! ,fir/ & ,second ,s]ies4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,alloys4 ,alum9ium4 ,antimony4 ,b>ium4 ,b]yllium4 ,bismu?4 ,cadmium4 ,csium4 ,calcium4 ,c]ium4 ,*romium4 ,cobalt4 ,copp]4 ,didymium4 ,electrics4 ,enamels & ,glazes4 ,erbium4 ,gallium4 ,glass4 ,gold4 ,indium4 ,iridium4 ,iron & ,/eel4 ,lacqu]s & ,lacqu]+4 ,lan?anum4 ,lead4 ,li?ium4 ,lubricants4 ,magnesium4 ,manganese4 ,m]cury4 ,mica4 ,molybd5um4 ,nickel4 ,niobium4 ,osmium4 ,palladium4 ,plat9um4 ,potassium4 ,rhodium4 ,rubidium4 ,ru!nium4 ,sel5ium4 ,silv]4 ,slag4 ,sodium4 ,/rontium4 ,tantalum4 ,t]bium4 ,?allium4 ,?orium4 ,t94 ,titanium4 ,tung/54 ,uranium4 ,vanadium4 ,yttrium4 ,z9c4 ,zirconium4 ,alum9ium4 ,,j ,,publi%$4 ,9 demy #hvo1 clo?1 #fjj pages1 & #adbj ,illu/rations1 #fs4 ,,spons' ,,me*anic',s ,,own ,,book2 ,a ,,manual ,,= ,,h&icraftsm5 ,,& ,,amateurs4 ,,cont5ts4 ,me*anical ,draw+--,ca/+ & ,f\nd+ 9 ,iron1 ,brass1 ,bronze1 & o!r ,alloys--,=g+ & ,f9i%+ ,iron--,%eet-metal ,work+--,sold]+1 ,braz+1 & ,burn+--,c>p5try & ,jo9]y1 embrac+ descriptions ( "s #djj ,woods1 ov] #bjj ,illu/rations ( ,tools & _! 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