--,,/ate ,,( ,,v]mont--                 
,burton ,isl& ,/ate ,p>k                
,guide to ! ,int]pretive ,nature ,trail 
& ,hik+ ,trail                          
writt5 & illu/rat$ by ,/eph5 ,antil     
,p>k ,naturali/        ,illu/ration3    
,burton ,isl&      nature c5t]    m>9a  
(fice    nature walk    hik+ trail      
int]pretive trail    ,isl& ,road        
,l&fill ,dump      ,?is ,trail guide is 
= ! hik+ trail & int]pretive trail :i*  
/>t pa/ ! :ite cab9s & beh9d ! nature   
c5t]    ,! int]pretive nature trail w   
take #cj m9utes to walk4 ,! numb]s  9   
?is pamphlet correspond to ! numb]$ sign
 po/s on ! trail4 ,x  is advisable t y  
we> %oes :5 walk+ ! trails4 ,! sc5ic    
hik+ trail c be hik$ 9 "o to "o & a half
 h\rs & w take  y to ! s\!a/ tip ( !    
isl& & back4    ,y c help ! naturali/   
ma9ta9 good hik+ conditions on ^!       
trails by c>ry+ out :at y c>ry 94    ,_m
 ( ,v]mont's wildfl[]s are protect$4    
,!re=e1 x is sugge/$  t all wild fl[]s  
be left 9 _! natural environm5t = ! next

  p]son to enjoy4    ,! l& surr\nd+     
,burton ,isl& & ! area ( ,nor!rn ,lake  
,*ampla9 0 once ! hunt+ gr\nds ( !      
,iroquois & ,algonqu9  ,indians4 ,x 0 "h
 t ^! p hunt$ & fi%$ = _!  survival4    
,hunt+ & trapp+ = wolves1 de]1 m9k &    
elk1 &  fi%+ = salmon1 tr\t & bass1 !   
,iroquois & ,algonqu9 f\nd an  abundance
 ( game4        ,illu/ration3 7,indian  
agriculture7    ,z :ite m5 increas$1    
agriculture began to dom9ate ?is area4  
,9 !  late #agjj's1 ,burton ,isl& 0     
cle>$ & till$ by ,jesse ,weldon1 a      
settl] & ag5t = ! ,all5 family--,e?an1  
,ira & ,levi4    ,9 #ahdj1 ,c4,c4       
,burton own$ ! isl& & hir$ a family to  
live "h  & manage 8 f>m4    ,ida        
,la%away acquir$ ! l& 9 #aibh4 ,dur+ ?is
 "t1 ! ,la%away  family cont9u$ to till 
! l& & raise live/ock4    ,9 #aidd1 f>m+
 op]ations 7 discont9u$4 ,f t "t until !
  pres5t1 we h _h ! opportunity to see  
:at role "m nature c  play 9 return+ !  
l& to a natural /ate4 ,! signs ( f>m+   
are  /ill "h1 b = ! la/ ?ree decades    

natural =ces h be5 left  relatively     
un*all5g$4      #a    ,today we c see ! 
/ories ( ! pa/ & pres5t et*$ across !   
face ( ,burton ,isl&4 ,an old f>m 9     
horse-drawn buggy days 0 left to  ! m]cy
 ( w>m summ] ra9s & icy w9t] /orms4 ,we 
c see !  l&1 once a pa/ure1 n[ swell+   
into ov]gr[n fields & =e/s  :]e wild    
plants & animals compete to live 9 a    
cont9ually *ang+  habitat4      #b      
,be=e y lies :at 0 =m]ly pa/ure-l&4     
,fields exi/ :5 !y  are m[$ or graz$4 ,z
 a field is left unt5d$1 gold5rod1      
milkwe$1  morn+ glories & raspb]ry bu%es
 appe> & compete = sunlight4  ,?is is ! 
fir/ /age ( a succession ( v>i\s plants 
& animals  pass+ f an old f>m field into
 :at w som$ay be a =e/4 ,two  common    
field birds f\nd "h are ! mead[l>k & !  
bobol9k4        ,illu/ration3 7mead[l>k7
      #c    ,on ! dead gold5rod /alks   
are r\nd & oval-%ap$ outgr[?s kn[n  z   
galls4 ,a gall is an abnormal gr[? ( a  
plant result+ f an  insect or bact]ial  
irritation4 ,! r\nd1 "o-in* galls are   

caus$ by  ! ,euro/a ,fly4 ,! long1 oval 
gr[?s conta9 eggs & l>vae f  ! gold5rod 
gall mo?4 ,eggs 7 laid )9 ! /em caus+ an
  irritation :i* /imulat$ plant cell    
production4 ,a cozy home =m$  = ! l>vae4
 ,be=e !y develop$ into ! flies1 !y ate 
_! way  out--look = ! small holes 9 !   
old galls4        ,illu/ration3         
cross-section ( ,gall      #d    ,! f>m 
equipm5t "h 0 us$ on ! f>m ( ,c4,c4     
,burton4 ,! pl[  & rake 7 bo? hors$rawn4
 ,! pl[ broke ! soil = plant+1 &  ! rake
 ga!r$ hay = /ack+4 ,^! implem5ts are   
rem9d]s (  our h]itage4    ,f>m life 9  
,am]ica 0 h>d1 ! tools 7 basic4 ,f !    
simplicity  ( an agricultural exi/5ce   
close to ! l&1 ,am]ica has gr[n into a  
complex1 te*nological c\ntry4 ,b1 our   
dep5d5ce on ! e>? is  /ill z vital4     
#e    ,?is is ! f\ndation & rema9s ( !  
b>n own$ by ,mr4 ,burton 9  ! #ahjj's & 
! ,la%away family 9 ! e>ly #aijj's4     
,dur+ ! #ahjj's1 ! b>n held #ae milk    
c[s4 ,! family t work$  ! f>m rais$ #ejj
 turkeys1 #bjj %eep1 pigs1 horses &     

*ick5s4 ,!  f>m 0 relatively            
self-suffici5t4 ,! "w 0 done ) teams (  
horses or by h&4 ,ice 0 cut f ,lake     
,*ampla9 ea* w9t] & 0  /or$ 9 an        
iceh\se4 ,c[ /an*ions m>k :]e c[s 7 once
 milk$4  ,butt] 0 *urn$ "h4 ,_m %eep 7  
probably %orn ( _! coats  "r :]e y /&4  
,all f>m produce 0 tak5 to a ,/4 ,albans
 m>ket ei!r across ! reef  or drawn     
across ! ice 9 ! w9t]4                  
,illu/ration3 7c[ /an*ion7    ,traces ( 
! f>m are quickly vani%+ b5ea? ! fl\ri% 
(  ?ickets & sumac4      #f    ,! family
 manag+ ! f>m liv$ 9 ! h\se above !     
f\ndations4  ,! *ildr5 w5t to s*ool 9   
,/4 ,albans & travell$ by boat or ov]   
ice almo/ e day4 ,9 ! spr+1 :5 ! ice 0  
too ?9 to walk  on b too ?ick = boats1 x
 0 necess>y = *ildr5 to bo>d )  fri5ds  
on ! ma9l&4    ,9 #aibh1 ,ida ,la%away &
 h] family cont9u$ to "w ! f>m4 ,?r\gh  
_! ef=ts1 "s ( ! f9e/ hay 9 ! /ate 0    
cultivat$ "h4    ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,r&all    
,dimon pur*as$ ! f>m 9 #aidd4 ,f>m+     
op]ations 7 discont9u$4 ,h[ev]1 !       

,dimons cont9u$ to ma9ta9  "s fields &  
rais$ yell[-ey$ beans & hay4 ,sev]al    
local  resid5ts ( ,/4 ,albans pa/ur$    
heif]s z well z o!r live/ock on  ! isl&4
        ,illu/ration3 7rak+ hay7    ,9  
#aifa1 ! ,/ate ( ,v]mont pur*as$ ! isl&1
 & ! ,dep>tm5t  ( ,=e/s & ,p>ks began   
op]at+ x z a ,/ate ,p>k4      #g    ,?is
 maple tree 0 bl[n d[n by high w9ds la/ 
summ]4 ,heavy /orms  come quickly "h1 & 
trees & plants liv+ ne> ! %ore mu/ be   
especially h>dy to )/& ! effects ( w9d1 
wat] & ice4 ,!  erosive actions ( ^!    
=ces cause ! %ore to be batt]$ & worn  l
 a seacoa/4    ,! d[n$ maple w cont9ue  
liv+ z long z "p ( its root  /ructure c 
supply ! tree ) wat] & nutri5ts & z long
 z  its leaves c embrace ! rays ( ! sun4
 ,9 ye>s to come1 !  bran*es may        
ev5tually become trunks !mselves1 gr[+  
upw>d &  ?ick5+ into individual trees ) 
"o massive base4      #h    ,9 fields1  
grasses & small bru% soon yield to %rubs
 & small trees  su* z sumac & haw?orne4 
,^! plants are ! />t ( ! =e/  & beg9 to 

limit ! light /rik+ ! e>?4 ,plants su* z
  gold5rod & raspb]ry dep5d on light =  
_! survival4 ,unable to  obta9 x1 !y are
 suppress$4        ,illu/ration3 7sumac 
& haw?orne7    ,haw?orne 7 r>e trees 9 !
 virg9 =e/s ( ,am]ica1 b ) !  cle>+ (   
=e/s1 !y became common4 ,today !y are   
f\nd 9 fields1  along f5ce r[s & 9 small
 clu/]s1 = !y are fond ( ! sun4  ,!     
d5se1 ?orny bran*es create a cr[n :i* is
 almo/ impregnable4  ,! trees provide   
excell5t ne/+ sites = _m k9ds (         
songbirds  due to ! excell5t protection 
! trees give _! occupants4              
,illu/ration3 ,blackburnian ,w>bl]      
orange head      #i    ,?is dead1 old   
haw?orne has s]v$ z a home = _m animals4
 ,ov] a  p]iod ( ye>s1 ! tree has rott$ 
& has be5 occupi$ by fungi1  c>p5t] ants
 & beetles4 ,?is drew hungry woodpeck]s 
:i* h  tapp$ holes 9 ! tree 9 se>* (    
food4 ,gradually1 ! tree has be5  holl[$
 out4 ,birds & *ipmunks probably h us$ !
 tree = hid+  or ne/+4                  
,illu/ration3 :ite-brea/$ nu?at*        

#aj    ,:5 we /epp$ out ( ! %ady clu/] (
 %rubby trees into ?is  cle>+1 did y    
notice ! dra/ic *ange 9 ! k9d (         
vegetation8  ,raspb]ry brambles cr[d ea*
 o!r = sunlight4 ,:]e !re is no  canopy 
to limit sunlight1 a bru%y habitat      
ab\nds4 ,y may see "s  special wildlife 
"h--bird1 rabbit & fox4                 
,illu/ration3 cottontail      #aa    ,we
 are n[ /&+ "u a canopy ( :ite c$> &    
popl>4 ,! "y  sapl+s gr[+ on ?is =e/    
floor are maples & hickories4 ,^!  "y   
h>dwoods enjoy liv+ 9 ! %ade4 ,_! ne$ = 
sunlight is  n great4 ,ev5tually1 ^!    
sapl+s w outgr[ ! asp5 & c$>s4  ,:5 t   
day comes1 a =e/ ( maples & hickories w 
re/rict  sunlight f p5etration4 ,! c$>s 
& asp5 w die4      #ab    ,^! beautiful 
sug> maples h l>ge cr[ns :i* %ade an    
ext5sive  area4 ,plants ne$+ sunlight _c
 gr[ b5ea? ! l>ge trees4 ,!  skeletons (
 dead c$>s demon/rate t species'        
inability to get  sunlight & compete ) !
 maples4 ,9 ?is habitat1 raccoons1      
nu?at*es1 squirrels & bluejays are      

commonly f\nd4        ,illu/ration3     
7bluejay7      #ac    ,?is maple tree 0 
tapp$ = its sap _m ye>s ago4 ,c y see ! 
tap holes8 ,^! holes h be5 p>tially gr[n
 ov] & h heal$4        ,illu/ration3    
7tapp+ maple tree = sap7      #ad       
,?is anci5t %agb>k hickory has actually 
gr[n ar\nd ! ru/$  b>b$ wire left f !   
old f>m4 ,c[s f ,mr4 ,burton's f>m      
probably  l+]$ b5ea? ! tree to f9d      
relief f ! hot sun4 ,?is tree is  ov]   
#aej ye>s old4    ,hickory wood is      
p>ticul>ly /rong1 heavy & flexible & 0  
us$ =  manufactur+ agricultural         
tools--mo/ commonly axe h&les1 & spokes 
& rims = wagon :eels4                   
,illu/ration3 ,%agb>k ,hickory      #ae 
,at ?is po9t1 y h ! opportunity (       
cont9u+ ei!r ^u !  rema9d] ( !          
int]pretive nature trail or ^u ! sc5ic  
hik+  trail4 ,! %ort] int]pretive loop  
turns to ! "r & conta9s  /ations #af    
?r\gh #ai :i* may be foll[$ on ! next   
sev]al pages4    ,%\ld y decide ^u !    
sc5ic hik+ trail1 foll[ ! trail m>k]s   

to y\r left4 ,?is trail runs to ! end ( 
! isl& & along "s  beautiful vi/as (    
,lake ,*ampla94 ,turn+ to page #ad1 y w 
f9d a  brief guide :i* we hope w br+ to 
y\r att5tion _m ( !  int]e/+ features   
along ?is pa?4      #af    ,?is is "o ( 
! highe/ po9ts on ! isl&4 ,look ar\nd y4
 ,we  h se5 ! *anges f field to bramble 
pat*es1 f %rubby  clu/]s to l>ge trees  
mak+ up a =e/ habitat4 ,?is is natural  
succession1 ! *ange f field to =e/4 ,)  
?is *ange ( plants  comes ! *ange (     
animals1 = animals & plants dep5d on ea*
 o!r  & =m a natural community4    ,!   
s]5ade ( pip+ birds1 ! rhy?mic waves (  
,*ampla91 !  :isp]+ trees--^! s\nds _c  
help b deep5 our appreciation  &        
enjoym5t ( ! =e/4 ,close y\r eyes & li/5
 peacefully4        ,illu/ration3       
7succession ( fauna7      #a--;annuals1 
p]5nials    #b--%rubs1 trees            
#c--;climax =e/      #ag    ,! area be=e
 y is moi/ & m>%y4 ,z y c see1 plants   
gr[+  "h diff] a great deal f ^? 9 dry]1
 hilli] regions ( !  isl&4 ,sweet ,flag 

7leaves l ,cattails7 is a dom9ant plant 
"h4      #ah    ,?is pa?like gully 0    
once a dra9age dit* lead+ to ! m>%y     
mead[4 ,foxes h be5 us+ !m z passageways
 :5 navigat+  ?r\gh ! bru% 9 se>* (     
food4    ,r$ fox pref] to live on !     
edges ( fields or 9 op5 c\ntry4 ,mead[  
mice are probably ! numb] "o food item (
 ! fox4 ,"y foxes  consume l>ge numb]s (
 beetles1 gras%opp]s & crickets4 ,!y eat
  all types ( b]ries1 melons & corn4    
,illu/ration3 7r$ fox7      #ai    ,a   
%rub or small tree f #e to #bj feet1 !  
/aghorn sumac is a  preval5t & important
 plant on ,burton ,isl&4    ,! sumac    
provides a s\rce ( %elt] & food = _m    
animals "h4  ,! /aghorn sumac's         
umbrella-l canopy furni%es %ade to birds
 9  ! hot days ( summ]4 ,x s]ves z a    
refuge dur+ ra9 /orms4 ,birds  c easily 
disappe> 9 ! maze ( leaves & bran*es 9  
"t (  dang]4 ,! p9k b]ry-l clu/]s (     
blossoms (f] food = birds4  ,lat]1 !    
fruits become dry & !y may p]si/ = a ye>
 or s  provid+ an em]g5cy food =        

squirrels & birds4 ,! de] &  cottontail 
rabbit f9d ! twigs & b>k a mo/          
acceptable meal dur+  ! w9t]4 ,9 =m]    
ye>s1 ! sumac 0 (t5 us$ = tann+ f9e     
lea!rs & z a dye because ( high cont5t (
 tannic acid4        ,illu/ration3      
,/aghorn ,sumac                         
,hik+ ,trail      ,unlike ! %ort]       
int]pretive trail1 ?is sc5ic hik+ trail 
has be5  left relatively undi/urb$ by   
human influ5ce4 ,mo/ ( u h s few        
opportunities to behold nature )\t !    
contrivances ( a busy  civilization t "h
 we h attempt$ to m9imize signs1 rails &
  o!r artificial hik+ aides4 ,!re=e1 !  
foll[+ pages are  includ$ z a brief     
guide = ?is trail4    ,walk+ ?r\gh ?is  
field1 y may see a yell[ can>y-l bird   
call$  ! yell[ w>bl]4 ,! male w>bl] is  
brilliantly m>k$ 444 its  yell[ body )  
/rip$ r$ brea/ is l a fla% ( sunlight z 
!  bird d>ts 9 & out ( ! gre5]y4        
,illu/ration3 yell[ w>bl]    ,!re are   
ov] "o hundr$ diff]5t k9ds ( w>bl]s 9 ! 
,unit$  ,/ates & !y are all f\r to six  

in*es long4 ,because ( _! great  v>iety 
& ! brilliance ( _! color+1 !y h be5    
call$ !  8butt]flies ( ! bird _w40      
,by n[1 y h probably se5 ! r$-w+$       
blackbirds4 ,^! birds  are f\nd commonly
 on ,burton ,isl&4 ,r$-w+s love m>%es & 
wet  fields4 ,!y make _! ne/ close to ! 
gr\nd :]e x is hidd5 by  re$s1 grasses &
 %rubs4 ,! birds w sit on bran*es (     
small trees  & wat* int5tly z y walk by4
 ,! r$-w+s call out _m  int]e/+ s\nds1 f
 a raspy 8oka-fleek1 oka-fleek0 to a    
w>n+  8*uk1 *uk40 ,! black birds1 ) _!  
fi]y %\ld]s1 let u "k  t we are         
trespass+ on _! t]ritory4               
,illu/ration3 7r$-w+$ blackbird7    ,z y
 ent] ! =e/ ( "y elms1 y w notice h[ !  
atmosph]e *anges4 ,light is dim4 ,!     
importance ( sunlight is obvi\s1  = no  
plants are to be f\nd gr[+ on ! =e/     
floor4    ,sixty y>ds beyond ! entrance 
to ! elm =e/1 a circul> gr[? (  "y      
plants rea* = sunlight4 ,an op5+ 9 ! =e/
 canopy all[s  ^! plants to live4 ,!    
area ( direct sunlight is %[n by ! size 

& %ape ( ! gr[+ vegetation4 ,^! op5+s   
provide food =  br[s+ animals su* z de]4
        ,illu/ration3 7de]7    ,look ^u 
! %ady1 almo/ plantless floor1 y may see
 mu%rooms &  indian pipes popp+ up ?r\gh
 ! dead leaves4 ,unlike gre5 plants  :i*
 ne$ sunlight to manufacture _! own     
food1 ^! saprophytes  obta9 food f !    
dead plants !y gr[ on4 ,"s mu%rooms gr[ 
^u  fall5 logs & bran*es4 ,"s gr[ 9 !   
soil us+ ! dead plant  matt] !re = food4
 ,indian pipes are "o ( ! few fl[]+     
plants  t are saprophytes4              
,illu/ration3 ,indian ,pipes & mu%rooms 
,z y cont9ue along ! trail1 keep y\r    
eyes op5 = v9es :i*  h wrapp$ !mselves  
ar\nd tall trees to rea* ! sun4 ,?is    
adaptation all[s a gre5 plant to be     
root$ 9 ! d>kness ( !  =e/1 b to gr[ 9 !
 sunny upp] rea*es ( ! =e/ canopy4  ,?is
 v9e is call$ bitt]sweet 7night%ade74   
,illu/ration3 ,bitt]sweet 7,night%ade7  
,a /one f5ce runs across ! trail4 ,?is  
old f5ce once re/rict$ !  range ( %eep  
on ! isl&4 ,blood1 sweat1 te>s & long   

h\rs mu/  h gone into pil+ ^! /ones1 = !
 f5ce runs across ! entire  isl&4       
,illu/ration3 7build+ a /one f5ce7      
,an old1 dead tree /&s by ! wall4 ,?is  
tree is important = x  (f]s %elt] to    
?\s&s ( insects & provides a s\rce (    
food =  hungry birds4    ,! %elf fungi  
gr[+ on ! tree extract nutri5ts f !     
decay+  wood4    ,z y walk along !      
lake%ore1 look at "s ( ! l>g] trees     
gr[+ !re4 ,two common trees y w see are 
basswood & r$ oak4        ,illu/ration3 
,basswood        ,illu/ration3 ,r$ ,oak 
,! ,am]ican ,basswood gr[s #gj-hj feet 9
 height & #b-c feet 9  diamet]4 ,9      
addition to ! valuable timb] :i* x      
produces1 !  basswood is highly priz$ 9 
c]ta9 localities = its honey4 ,!        
,iroquois ,indians made rope f ! b>k by 
soak+ x 9 wat] =  sev]al weeks or mon?s 
to all[ ! nonfibr\s portions to rot4 ,!n
 x  0 twi/$ into desir$ cords4    ,!    
nor!rn r$ oak is "o ( ! l>ge/ oaks1     
occasionally #abe feet  high4 ,its      
close-gra9$1 r$di%-br[n wood is reg>d$ z

 "o ( !  mo/ important ( ! r$ oak       
family4      ,z y hike y w see bl[n d[n 
trees4 ,^! rott+ trees %[ u  t nature   
wa/es no?+4 ,fungi1 bact]ia1 insects &  
wea!r are  help+ to decay ^! bl[d[ns4 ,!
 result+ humus is a natural soil        
f]tiliz] readily available to gr[+      
plants4    ,dur+ ! la/ ice age1 a huge  
body ( wat] call$ ,lake ,v]mont spread  
f ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9s to ! ,adirondacks & f
 ,canada to ,rutl&1  ,v]mont4 ,mud &    
/ones f ! lake h be5 compress$ = ?\s&s  
( ye>s s9ce1 =m+ great rock b$s4 ,along 
! %orel9e ( ,burton  ,isl&1 %eets ( rock
 & flat /ones are num]\s4 ,once ! %ore &
  bottom ( ,lake ,v]mont1 ^! huge b$s ( 
%ale & s&/one are n[  erod+4    ,on !   
s\!rn tip ( ,burton ,isl&1 old & gn>l$  
c$> trees rea*  out4 ,! roots ( ^! trees
 hold firm aga9/ ! erosive action (     
w9d1 ra9 & ice4        ,illu/ration3    
,l&scape    ,look+ out t[>d ! horizon1 !
 expansive views br+ ! ocean to  m9d4   
,ball ,isl& /&s out 9 front ( ! jagg$   
peaks ( !  ,adirondacks & ! flats (     

,s&b>4 ,d y "k ! isl&s ar\nd  y8        
,illu/ration3 ,,key ,,map    ,we at     
,burton ,isl& ,/ate ,p>k hope y h enjoy$
 ?is %ort hike4 ,to  return to ! />t1 y 
c foll[ ! p>k road or foll[ ! hik+      
trail back4                             
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99    ,?is trail is
 "p ( ! ,v]mont ,/ate ,p>ks' ,nature    
,int]pretation  ,program4 ,! program is 
int5d$ to sp>k aw>5ess1 conc]n & an     
appreciation = ! works ( nature4 ,all   
life is unifi$ ?r\gh !  cycles &        
int]relation%ips ( nature4 ,p h !       
responsibility  to act 9 a life-support+
 mann] t[>d _! environm5t4 ,hopefully1  
?r\gh und]/&+1 p w /rive to respect &   
protect !  delicate balances :i* make ! 
e>? our heal?y home4                    
99 99 99 99 99 99 99                    
,,/ate ,,( ,,v]mont                     
,ag5cy ( ,environm5tal ,cons]vation     
,dep>tm5t ( ,=e/s & ,p>ks               
,july #aige                             
-,,notes-          ,illu/ration3 7view  
across ! lake7                          

,transcrib]'s ,notes      --,sil5tly    
correct$ a few typos4    --,reta9$      
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book    is public-doma9 9 !      
c\ntry ( publication4    --,9 ! text    
v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$
 by    und]scores4