,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,,f ,,fumes1 ,,gases ,,& ,,poisons ,,( ,,manufactur+ ,,processes ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,lead ,,poison+ ,,& ,,lead ,,absorption3 ,,! ,,symptoms1 ,,pa?ology ,,& ,,prev5tion1 ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,_! ,,indu/rial ,,orig9 ,,& ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,processes ,,involv+ ,,risk4 ,by ,,?omas ,m4 ,,legge ,m4,d4 7,oxon471 ,d4,p4,h4 7,cantab471 ,h4,m4 ,m$ical ,inspector ( ,factories2 ,lectur] on ,factory ,hygi5e1 ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]2 & ,,k5ne? ,w4 ,,goadby1 ,d4,p4,h4 7,cantab471 ,pa?ologi/ & ,lectur] on ,bact]iology1 ,national ,d5tal ,hospital4 ,illu/rat$4 viii#cjh pp4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,london3 ,,edw>d ,,arnold4 ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,,f ,,fumes1 ,,gases ,,& ,,poisons ,,( ,,manufactur+ ,,processes ,,by ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,ramb\sek ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,factory ,,hygi5e1 ,,& ,,*ief ,,/ate ,,heal? ,,(fic]1 ,,prague ,,translat$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,?omas ,m4 ,,legge1 ,m4,d41 ,d4,p4,h4 ,h4,m4 ,,m$ical ,,inspector ,,( ,,factories ,,jo9t ,,au?or ,,( #8,,lead ,,poison+ ,,& ,,lead ,,absorption' ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,london ,,edw>d ,,arnold #aiac ,,translator',s ,,preface ,i und]took ! translation ( ,dr4 ,ramb\sek's book because x seem$ to me to treat ! subject ( indu/rial poisons 9 z novel1 compreh5sive1 & sy/ematic a mann] z 0 possible )9 ! compass ( a s+le volume4 ,hav+ le>nt mu* myself f ,cont95tal writ+s on indu/rial diseases & factory hygi5e1 ,i 0 anxi\s to let o!rs also see h[ wide a field !y _h cov]$ & h[ ?or\gh 7 ! regulations = dang]\s trades abroad1 especially 9 ,g]many4 ,a praisewor?y feature ( ,dr4 ,ramb\sek's book 0 ! weal? ( ref]5ces to ! "w ( =eign writ]s :i* is made on almo/ e page4 ,to h left ^! names & ref]5ces1 h[ev]1 9 ! text z he has done w\ld h made ! translation t$i\s read+1 & !re=e = ! sake ( ^? :o desire to pursue inquiry fur!r ,i h adopt$ ! c\rse ( collect+ ! great majority & plac+ !m all toge!r 9 an app5dix at ! end ( ! volume4 ,dr4 ,ramb\sek z a m$ical man1 a *emi/1 & a gov]nm5t (ficial hav+ control ( indu/rial matt]s1 is equipp$ ) ! v special k requir$ to describe ! manufactur+ processes giv+ rise to injuri\s effects1 ! pa?ology ( ! lesions set up1 & ! prev5tive measures necess>y to combat !m4 ,9 8 ref]5ces to "w done 9 ?is c\ntry he has reli$ l>gely on ab/racts :i* h appe>$ 9 m$ical & te*nical j\rnals publi%$ on ! ,cont95t4 ,i h only ?\ght x necess>y to amplify 8 /atem5ts :5 important "w c>ri$ out "h on indu/rial poison+1--su* z t on nickel c>bonyl & on f]ro-silicon--_h be5 insuffici5tly not$4 ,su* additions are introduc$ 9 squ>e brackets or 9 footnotes4 ,9 8 preface ,dr4 ,ramb\sek says #8! book is int5d$ = all :o are1 or are oblig$ to be1 or ought to be1 int]e/$ 9 indu/rial poison+4' ,no words c\ld bett] describe ! scope ( ! book4 ,! "w ( translation w\ld nev] h be5 begun b = ! assi/ance giv5 me 9 ,p>ts ,,ii & ,,iii by my si/]1 ,miss ,h4 ,edi? ,legge4 ,to h]1 & to ,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,bro!rs1 ,f4,i4,c41 :o has be5 to ! tr\ble ( read+ ! pro(s & correct+ _m mi/akes :i* my te*nical k 0 insuffici5t to enable me to detect1 my be/ ?anks are due4 ,i am indebt$ to ,messrs4 ,davidson ,co41 ,belfa/1 = p]mission to use figs4 #df & #dh2 to ,messrs4 ,locke1 ,lanca/] ,co41 ,millwall1 = fig4 #bg2 to ,mr4 ,r4 ,jacobson1 = figs4 #cj1 #cc1 #cg1 #ch1 & #dc2 to ,messrs4 ,siebe1 ,gorman ,co41 = figs4 #cb1 #ci1 & #dj2 to ,messrs4 ,blackman ,co4 = fig4 #dg2 to ,messrs4 ,mat!ws ,yates = fig4 #ed2 to ,h4,m4 ,controll] ( ! ,/ation]y ,(fice = p]mission to reproduce figs4 #eb1 #ec1 & #ed1 & ! diagrams on p4 #bhd2 & la/ly to my publi%]1 = figs4 #da1 #db1 #dc1 & #di1 :i* are tak5 f ! book by ,dr4 ,k4 ,w4 ,goadby & myself on #8,lead ,poison+ & ,lead ,absorption4' ,t4 ,m4 ,l4 ,,hamp/ead1 ,may #aiac4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction xiii ,"p ,i4--,description ( ! indu/ries & processes att5d$ ) risk ( poison+3 incid5ce ( su* poison+ ,,*emical ,,indu/ry #a ,sulphuric acid indu/ry 7sulphur dioxide73 use ( sulphuric acid #d ,its effects on heal? #i ,hydro*loric acid1 saltcake & soda indu/ry #ad ,_! effects on heal? #bj ,use ( sulphate & sulphide ( soda #bb ,ultram>9e #bb ,sulphonal #bb ,die?yl sulphate #bc ,*lor9e1 *loride ( lime & *lorates #bc ,_! effect on heal? #bf ,o!r *lor9e comp\nds & _! use z well z brom9e1 iod9e & fluor9e #bi ,*lorides ( phosphorus #cj ,*lorides ( sulphur #ca ,z9c *loride #cb ,rock salt #cb ,organic *lor9e comp\nds #cb ,c>bon oxy*loride 7phosg5e7 #cb ,c>bon *lor9e comp\nds 7aliphatic7 #cc ,me?yl *loride #cc ,me?yl5e *loride #cd ,c>bon tetra*loride #cd ,e?yl *loride #cd ,mono*loracetic acid #cd ,*loral #cd ,*lor(orm #cd ,*loride ( nitrog5 #ce ,cyanog5 *loride #ce ,*lorob5z5e #ce ,b5zo tri*loride1 b5zyl *loride #ce ,nitro- & d9itro-*lorob5z5e #ce ,iod9e & iod9e comp\nds #cf ,brom9e & brom9e comp\nds #cf ,me?yl iodide & me?yl bromide #cf ,fluor9e comp\nds #cg ,hydr(luoric & silic(luoric acids #ch ,manufacture & uses ( nitric acid #ci ,its effect on heal? #dj ,nitric & nitr\s salts & comp\nds #dd ,b>ium nitrate #dd ,ammonium nitrate #dd ,lead nitrate #dd ,m]cur\s & m]curic nitrate #dd ,silv] nitrate #de ,sodium nitrite #de ,amyl nitrite #de ,manufacture ( explosives & _! effects #de ,fulm9ate ( m]cury #df ,nitro-glyc]9 #df ,dynamite #dg ,gun cotton #dh ,collodion cotton1 smokeless p[d] #dh ,manufacture ( phosphorus & lucif] mat*es & _! effects #di ,o!r uses ( phosphorus & comp\nds ( phosphorus #eb ,phosphor-bronze #eb ,sulphide ( phosphorus #eb ,phosphorett$ hydrog5 #eb ,sup]phosphate & artificial manure #ec ,basic slag #ed ,*romium comp\nds & _! uses #ee ,sodium & potassium bi*romate #ee ,lead *romate & *rome col\rs #ee ,_! effect on heal? #ef ,manganese comp\nds & _! effects #eh ,m9]al oil indu/ry & ! use ( petroleum & b5z9e #ei ,*emical clean+ #fa ,_! effect on heal? #fa ,recov]y & use ( sulphur #fd ,its effect on heal? #fe ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 & its effect #fe ,prep>ation & use ( c>bon bisulphide 9 vulcanis+1 c4 #fh ,its effect on heal? #fi ,prep>ation ( illum9at+ gas #ga ,its effect on heal? #gd ,coke ov5s & risk f !m #gg ,o!r k9ds ( p[] & illum9at+ gas #hj ,produc] gas #hj ,bla/ furnace gas #hb ,wat] gas #hb ,d[son & ,mond gas #hb ,suction gas #hc ,acetyl5e 7calcium c>bide7 #he ,_! effect on heal? #hg ,ammonia & ammonium comp\nds #ij ,use ( ammonia & its effects #ib ,cyanog5 comp\nds #ic ,use ( cyanide1 & _! effects #ie ,coal t> & t> products #if ,_! effects on heal? #aja ,artificial organic dye /uffs 7coal t> col\rs7 #ajg ,_! effects on heal? #aab ,,recov]y ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,metals #abj ,lead poison+ 9 g5]al #abj ,lead1 silv] & z9c smelt+ #abb ,spelt] works #abe ,lead poison+ 9 lead smelt+ & spelt] works #abf ,:ite lead & o!r use ( lead col\rs #aca ,lead poison+ 9 ! manufacture & use ( :ite lead & lead pa9ts #acb ,manufacture ( electric accumulators #acd ,! c]amic indu/ry #ace ,co>se w>e pott]y #acf ,manufacture ( /ove tiles #acg ,/onew>e & porcela9 #ach ,lead poison+ 9 lett]press pr9t+ #ach ,lead poison+ 9 filecutt+1 poli%+ preci\s /ones1 musical in/rum5t mak+1 c4 #adj ,m]cury 7poison+ 9 its recov]y & use7 #ada ,m]curial poison+ 9 wat]-gild+1 coat+ mirrors1 9 felt hat mak+1 c4 #adb ,ars5ic 7poison+ 9 its recov]y & 9 use ( ars5ic & ars5ic comp\nds7 #adc ,recov]y ( ars5ic & :ite ars5ic #adc ,poison+ by ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas #ade ,antimony #adf ,extraction ( iron #adf ,f]ro-silicon #adi ,z9c #aea ,copp]1 brass 7brassf\nd]s' ague7 #aea ,metal pickl+ #aeb ,,o!r ,,indu/ries #aec ,treatm5t ( /one & e>?s2 lime burn+1 glass #aec ,treatm5t ( animal products #aed ,prep>ation ( vegetable food/uffs #aed ,poison\s woods #aed ,textile indu/ry #aef ,"p ,,ii4--,pa?ology & treatm5t ( indu/rial poison+ ,,indu/rial ,,poisons ,,9 ,,g5]al #aeg ,*annels ( absorption1 classification1 susceptibility1 immunity #aeh ,fate ( poisons 9 ! body--absorption1 cumulative action1 excretion #afb ,g5]al rem>ks on treatm5t #afc ,,indu/rial ,,poisons ,,9 ,,p>ticul> #afi ,gr\p3 m9]al acids1 halog5s1 inorganic halog5 comp\nds1 alkalis #afi ,hydro*loric acid #agj ,hydr(luoric & silico-fluoric acids #aga ,sulphur dioxide & sulphuric acid #aga ,nitr\s fumes1 nitric acid #agb ,*lor9e1 brom9e1 iod9e #agc ,*lorides ( phosphorus1 sulphur & z9c #agd ,ammonia #age ,alkalis #agf ,gr\p3 ,metals & metal-comp\nds #agf ,lead & its comp\nds #agg ,z9c & its alloys #ahb ,m]cury & its comp\nds #ahc ,manganese & its comp\nds #ahd ,*romium & its comp\nds #ahe ,nickel salts 7nickel c>bonyl7 #ahf ,copp] #ahh ,silv] & its comp\nds #ahh ,gr\p3 ,ars5ic1 ,phosphorus #ahi ,ars5ic & its oxides #ahi ,phosphorus #aij ,phosphorett$ hydrog5 #aia ,gr\p3 ,sulphurett$ hydrog51 c>bon bisulphide1 & cyanog5 7n]ve poisons7 #aib ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 #aib ,c>bon bisulphide #aic ,cyanog5 comp\nds #aie ,gr\p3 ,ars5iurett$ hydrog5 & c>bonic oxide 7blood poisons7 #aig ,gr\p3 ,hydroc>bons ( ! aliphatic & aromatic s]ies & _! halog5 & hydroxyl sub/itution products #bjb ,sub-gr\p3 ,hydroc>bons ( m9]al oils & _! di/illation products 7b5z9e1 p>aff91 c47 #bjb ,sub-gr\p3 ,hydroc>bons ( ! aromatic s]ies #bjd ,b5z5e & its homologues #bjd ,naph?al5e #bjh ,sub-gr\p3 ,halog5 sub/itution products ( ! aliphatic s]ies 7n>cotic poisons7 #bjh ,sub-gr\p3 ,halog5 sub/itution products ( ! b5z5e s]ies #bji ,sub-gr\p3 ,hydroxyl sub/itution products ( ! fatty s]ies #baj ,gr\p3 ,nitro- & amido-d]ivatives ( ! aliphatic & aromatic s]ies #baa ,sub-gr\p3 ,nitro-d]ivatives ( ! aliphatic s]ies #bab ,sub-gr\p3 ,nitro- & amido-d]ivatives ( ! aromatic s]ies #bab ,turp5t9e1 pyrid5e1 alkaloids1 nicot9e1 poison\s woods #bae ,"p ,,iii4--,prev5tive measures aga9/ indu/rial poison+ ,,g5]al ,,prev5tive ,,measures #bag ,int]national action1 notification ( poison+1 s*$ules ( poisons #bah ,special prev5tive measures = work]s--selection1 p]iodical m$ical exam9ation1 co-op]ation ( work]s1 c4 #bbf ,rescue appliances #bcj ,wa%+ accommodation & ba?s #bcg ,removal ( du/ & fumes by exhau/ v5tilation #bdb ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,9 ,,p>ticul> ,,indu/ries #bef ,sulphuric acid indu/ry #bef ,hydro*loric acid & soda indu/ries #beg ,*lor9e1 blea*+ p[d]1 *lor9e comp\nds #bei ,manufacture ( nitric acid & explosives #bfj ,artificial manures1 basic slag #bfa ,*romium & its comp\nds #bfe ,petroleum1 b5z9e #bfg ,phosphorus1 lucif] mat*es #bfh ,bisulphide ( c>bon #bga ,illum9at+ gas1 t> production #bge ,gas p[] plant #bgf ,acetyl5e gas in/allations #bgh ,ammonia #bgi ,cyanog51 cyanog5 comp\nds #bhj ,coal t>1 t> products #bhj ,organic dye-/uffs1 coal t> col\rs #bhe ,recov]y & use ( metals #bhh ,iron #bhi ,lead #bib ,lead smelt+ #bii ,electric accumulators #cje ,:ite lead & lead col\rs #caj ,lett]press pr9t+ #caf ,c]amic indu/ry #cai ,file cutt+ #cba ,o!r uses ( lead #cbb ,z9c smelt+ #cbc ,brass ca/+1 metal pickl+ #cbe ,recov]y & use ( m]cury #cbf ,ars5ic & its comp\nds #cbh ,gold & silv] #cbi ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,9 ,,o!r ,,trades #cbi ,manufacture & use ( v>ni%es #ccj ,production ( vegetable foods #ccb ,wood work+ #cce ,pap] manufacture #ccf ,textile indu/ries #ccf ,,app5dix #cci ,,index #cee ,,introduction ,! attempt to sy/ematise f ! sci5tific /&po9t ! mass ( mat]ial t has be5 collect$ ab\t poisons is a v heavy task1 ev5 = ! toxicologi/ :o desires to treat 8 subject compreh5sively4 ,h[ mu* great] is ! difficulty ( writ+ a sy/ematic book on indu/rial poison+ keep+ practical application 9 ! =efront6 ,te*nical consid]ations :i* are decisive 9 ! causation & prev5tion ( indu/rial poison+ are "h ( especial mom5t1 & mu/ naturally influ5ce classification ( ! subject-matt] :5 ! object is to assi/ ^? conc]n$ 9 factory hygi5e4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 ,i h divid$ ! subject into ?ree p>ts4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! fir/1 :i* gives z complete a /atem5t z possible ( ! occurr5ce ( indu/rial poison+1 into indu/ries & processes 0 det]m9$ on te*nical gr\nds4 ,! second1 :i* amplifies ! fir/1 attempts to summ>ise ! pa?ology or symptoms ( ! v>i\s =ms ( poison+4 ,! ref]5ces to ! lit]ature ( ! p>ticul> subjects--z exhau/ive z ,i c\ld make !m--w light5 fur!r /udy4 ,to ^! two p>ts1 foll[+ on k ( causation & symptoms1 ! ?ird1 9 :i* prev5tive measures are outl9$1 is l9k$4 ,! app>5t drawback 9 use ( ! book is t "o =m ( poison+ has (t5 to be ref]r$ to 9 ?ree places4 ,b1 ,i hope1 ?is is m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! complet5ess ( ! s*eme :i* results f ! subdivision ( ! subject4 ,! pa?ology ( indu/rial poison+ necessitates frequ5t repetition :5 describ+ ! bran*es ( indu/ry giv+ rise to ! intoxication1 z "o & ! same =m c occur 9 ! mo/ v>i$ processes4 ,! num]\s in/ances ( actual cases ( poison+ quot$ mu/ !re=e be reg>d$ z con=m+ to ! same pa?ological type4 ,simil>ly1 prev5tive measures require sep>ate sy/ematic treatm5t 9 ord] to avoid con/ant repetition :i* w\ld o!rwise obscure ! g5]al survey4 ,q a numb] ( means ( prev5tion apply equally to sev]al indu/ries 9 :i* ! same cause is at "w4 ,! success atta9$ by ?us simplify+ ! issues is ! great] because su* common measures are ! easi] to c>ry ?r\gh & to sup]vise4 ,! me?od !re=e has be5 adopt$ only aft] s]i\s reflection & has be5 direct$ ma9ly by practical consid]ations4 ,rec5t cases :i* h ei!r be5 report$ or come to ! k ( ! au?or h be5 giv51 ) p>ticul>s z exact z possible4 ,cases dat+ back "s "t h be5 omitt$ int5tionally s z to exclude ev]y?+ :i* did n correspond ) ! pres5t conditions ( indu/ry & trade4 ,hi/orical facts only receive consid]ation 9 s f> z !y are fundam5tally important & necess>y = ! sake ( complet5ess4 ,! details giv5 9 ,"p ,i ( actual in/ances w supply mat]ial = fre% ef=ts1 r5ew$ inve/igation1 & new po9ts ( attack4 ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,,"p ,i ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,indu/ries ,,& ,,processes ,,att5d$ ,,) ,,risk ,,( ,,poison+2 ,,incid5ce ,,( ,,su* ,,poison+ ,i4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,indu/ry ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations ,,z ,,to ,,incid5ce ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,! *emical indu/ry (f]s naturally a wide field = ! occurr5ce ( indu/rial poison+4 ,daily contact ) ! actual poison\s sub/ances to be prep>$1 us$1 /or$1 & despat*$ 9 l>ge quantity gives opportunity = ei!r acute or *ronic poison+--9 ! =m] case f sudd5 accid5tal entrance into ! sy/em ( fairly l>ge doses1 z ! result ( defective or c>eless manipulation1 &1 9 ! latt]1 con/ant gradual absorption 7(t5 unsuspect$7 ( ! poison 9 small am\nt4 ,! indu/ry1 h[ev]1 c take cr$it = ! way 9 :i* incid5ce ( indu/rial poison+ has be5 kept d[n 9 view ( ! magnitude & v>iety ( ! risks :i* (t5 ?reat54 ,?is is attributable to ! compreh5sive hygi5ic measures en=c$ 9 l>ge *emical works keep+ abrea/ ( mod]n advance 9 te*nical k4 ,a section ( ?is book deals ) ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ^! measures4 ,nev]!less1 despite all regulations1 risk ( poison+ _c be :olly bani%$4 ,aga9 & aga9 accid5ts & illness occur = :i* indu/rial poison+ is responsible4 ,:olly to prev5t ?is is z impossible z entirely to prev5t accid5ts by me*anical gu>d+ ( ma*9]y4 ,ow+ to ! unkn[n s\rces ( dang]1 successful measures to w>d x (f are (t5 difficult4 ,! rapid advance ( ?is bran* ( indu/ry1 ! con/ant developm5t ( new processes & reactions1 ! frequ5t discov]y ( new mat]ials 7) prop]ties at fir/ unkn[n1 & = a long "t insuffici5tly und]/ood1 b nev]!less indisp5sable71 con/antly give rise to new dang]s & possibilities ( dang]1 ( :i* an accid5t or "s disease ) hi!rto unkn[n symptoms is ! fir/ indication4 ,fur!r1 ev5 :5 ! dang]\s effects are recognis$1 !re may (t5 be difficulty 9 devis+ appropriate precautions1 z circum/ances may prev5t imm$iate recognition ( ! action ( ! poison4 ,we _c always tell1 = in/ance1 ) ! sub/ances us$ or produc$ 9 ! processes1 :i* is responsible = ! poison+1 because1 n infrequ5tly1 ! sub/ances 9 "q are n *emically pure1 b may be ei!r raw products1 bye-products1 c41 produc+ mixtures ( diff]5t bodies or lib]at+ diff]5t *emical comp\nds z impurities4 ,h5ce difficulty (t5 arises 9 ! /rict sci5tific explanation ( p>ticul> cases ( poison+1 &1 9 a text-book su* z ?is1 difficulty also ( description4 ,a r full treatm5t ( ! te*nical processes may make ! task easi] & help to give a connect$ picture ( ! risks ( poison+ 9 ! *emical indu/ry4 ,su* a proc$ure may be especially useful to read]s insuffici5tly acqua9t$ ) *emical te*nology4 ,we are indebt$ to ,leymann#a & ,gr&homme#b especially = k ( incid5ce ( indu/rial poison+ 9 ?is indu/ry4 ,! /ati/ical data furni%$ by !m are ! mo/ important pro( t poison+1 at any rate 9 l>ge factories1 is n ( v frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,leymann's /ati/ics relate to a l>ge mod]n works 9 :i* ! numb] employ$ dur+ ! tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( obs]vation increas$ f #fdj 9 ! ye> #ahia to #aefb 9 #aijd1 giv+ an av]age ( ab\t #ajjj ye>ly1 "o-half ( :om might prop]ly be def9$ z #8*emical work]s4' ,! factory is conc]n$ 9 ! manufacture ( sulphuric1 nitric1 & hydro*loric acids1 alkali1 bi*romates1 anil9e1 tr9itro-ph5ol1 blea*+ p[d]1 organic *lor9e comp\nds1 & potassium p]manganate4 ,^! /ati/ics are usefully complem5t$ by ^? ( ,gr&homme drawn f ! col\r works at ,h*/ a-,m4 ,?is l>ge anil9e works employs f #bfjj to #bgjj work]s2 ! raw mat]ials are pr9cipally b5z5e & its homologues1 naph?al5e & an?rac5e4 ,! manufacture includes ! production ( coal-t> col\rs1 nitro- & d9itro-b5z5e1 anil9e1 rosanil9e1 fu*s9e1 & o!r anil9e col\rs1 & f9ally su* ph>maceutical prep>ations z antipyr91 d]matol1 san(orm1 c4 ,( ! #bgjj employ$1 #adjj are *emical work]s & ! rema9d] lab\r]s4 ,^! two s]ies ( /ati/ics bas$ on exact obs]vations & cov]+ alli$ *emical manufacture are tak5 toge!r4 ,!y seek to give ! answ] to ! "q--,h[ _m & :at indu/rial poison+s are f\nd8 ,! figures ( ,leymann 7on an av]age ( #ajjj work]s employ$ p] annum7 %[ #bhe cases ( poison+ report$ betwe5 ! ye>s #ahha & #aijd4 ,( ^! #bge 7 caus$ by anil9e1 toluid9e1 nitro- & d9itro-b5z5e1 nitroph5ol1 nitro*loro & d9itro*loro b5z5e4 ,?ree 7 fatal & sev]al involv$ l5g?y invalidity 7f #cj to #acd days1 ow+ to second>y pneumonia74 ,includ$ fur!r are "o sev]e case ( *rome 7bi*romate7 poison+ 7) nephritis z a sequela71 five cases ( lead poison+1 ?ree ( *lor9e1 & "o ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,9 ! ,h*/ a-,m4 factory 7employ+ ab\t #bejj work]s7 !re 71 9 ! t5 ye>s #ahhc-ib1 only #abi cases ( poison+1 ( :i* #aji 7 due to anil9e4 ,lat] figures = ! ye>s #ahic-e %[$ #abb cases1 ( :i* #dc 7 due to anil9e & #gf to lead 7contract$ mo/ly 9 ! nitrat+ h\se74 ,gr&homme m5tions fur!r hyp]idrosis among p]sons employ$ on solutions ( calcium *loride1 injury to heal? f inhalation ( me?yl iodide vap\r 9 ! antipyr9 dep>tm5t1 a fatal case ( b5z5e poison+ 7ent]+ an empty vessel 9 :i* mat]ials _h previ\sly be5 extract$ ) b5z5e71 & f9ally ulc]ation & p]=ation ( ! septum ( ! nose 9 sev]al *rome work]s4 ,! numb] ( sev]e cases is n l>ge1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! factories to :i* ! figures relate are 9 e respect models ( _! k9d1 amply provid$ ) safety appliances & arrangem5ts = ! welf>e ( ! work]s4 ,! relatively small am\nt ( poison+ is to be attribut$ )\t d\bt to ! precaution>y measures tak54 ,fur!r1 9 ! /ati/ics ref]r$ to only ^? cases are includ$ 9 :i* ! symptoms 7 def9ite1 or s sev]e z to necessitate m$ical treatm5t4 ,absorption ( ! poison 9 small am\nt )\t produc+ *>act]i/ic symptoms1 z is (t5 ! case ) irritat+ or corrosive fumes1 & su* z involve only tempor>y indisposition1 are n includ$4 ,leymann himself ref]s to ?is :5 deal+ ) illness obs]v$ 9 ! m9]al acid dep>tm5t 7especially sulphuric acid71 & calls att5tion to ! frequ5cy ( affections ( ! respiratory organs among ! p]sons employ$1 attribut+ !m rightly to ! irritat+ & corrosive effect ( ! acid vap\r4 ,else:]e he ref]s to ! frequ5cy ( dige/ive di/urbance among p]sons com+ into contact ) sodium sulphide1 & ?9ks t ?is may be due to ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,nev]!less1 ! effect ( indu/rial poisons on ! heal? ( work]s 9 *emical factories ought on no acc\nt to be made light (4 ,! admirable results cit$ are due to a prop] recognition ( ! dang]1 ) consequ5t c>e to gu>d aga9/ x4 ,n only h ,gr&homme & ,leymann,a r5d]$ great s]vices by _! "w1 b ! firms 9 "q also1 by all[+ su* full & c>eful inquiries to be und]tak5 & publi%$4 ,,sulphuric ,,acid 7,,sulphur ,,dioxide7 ,,manufacture4--,sulphur dioxide1 g5]ally obta9$ by roa/+ pyrites 9 furnaces ( v>i\s con/ructions1 or1 m r>ely1 by burn+ brim/one or sulphur f ! sp5t oxide ( gas-works1 s]ves z ! raw mat]ial = ! manufacture ( sulphuric acid4 ,be=e roa/+ ! pyrites is cru%$1 ! #8lump ore' !n sep>at$ f ! #8smalls1' ! =m] roa/$ 9 #8lump-burn]s' or kilns 7g5]ally sev]al roa/+ furnace he>?s unit$ into "o sy/em71 & ! latt] pref]ably 9 ,maltra & ,maltra-,s*affn] %elf-burn]s 7fig4 #a7 compos$ ( sev]al sup]impos$ firebrick %elves4 ,! pyrites is *>g$ on to ! upp]mo/ %elf & gradually work$ d[nw>ds4 ,pyrites residues are n suitable = direct recov]y ( iron1 b copp] c be recov]$ f residues suffici5tly ri* 9 metal by ! wet process2 ! residues ?us fre$ ( copp] & sulphur are !n smelt$ = recov]y ( iron4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,pyrites ,burn] = ,smalls 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,utilisation = sulphuric acid manufacture ( ! sulphur dioxide giv5 (f 9 ! calc9+ ( z9c bl5de 7see ,spelt] works71 impracticable 9 rev]b]atory furnaces1 has be5 made possible at ! ,rh5ania factory by introduction ( muffle furnaces 7sev]al sup]impos$71 because by ?is means ! gases l$ (f are suffici5tly conc5trat$1 z !y are n dilut$ ) ! gases & smoke f ! heat+ fires4 ,?is me?od1 l any o!r :i* utilises ! gases f roa/+ furnaces1 has great hygi5ic1 9 addition to economical1 advantages1 because escape ( sulphur dioxide gas is avoid$4 ,furnace gases1 too poor 9 sulphur dioxide to s]ve = direct production ( sulphuric acid1 c ) advantage be made to produce liquid anhydr\s sulphur dioxide4 ,?us1 ! sulphur dioxide gas f ! furnaces is fir/ absorb$ by wat]1 driv5 (f aga9 by boil+1 cool$1 dri$1 & liquefi$ by pressure4 ,! gase\s sulphur dioxide obta9$ by any ( ! me?ods describ$ is conv]t$ into sulphuric acid ei!r by 7a7 ! *amb] process or 7b7 ! contact process4 ,9 ! lead *amb] process ! furnace gases pass ?r\gh flues 9 :i* ! flue du/ & a portion ( ! ars5i\s acid are deposit$ into ! ,glov] t[] at a temp]ature ( ab\t #cjj ,c41 & f !re into ! lead *amb]s :]e oxidation ( ! sulphur dioxide into sulphuric acid takes place1 9 ! pres5ce ( suffici5t wat]1 by transf]5ce ( ! oxyg5 ( ! air ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! oxides ( nitrog54 ,! gases conta9+ oxides ( nitrog51 c41 :i* are drawn out ( ! lead *amb]s1 h ! nitr\s fumes absorb$ 9 ! ,gay-,lussac t[] 7( :i* !re are "o or two 9 s]ies71 by passage ?r\gh sulphuric acid :i* is made to trickle d[n ! t[]4 ,! sulphuric acid s obta9$1 ri* 9 oxides ( nitrog51 & ! *amb] acid are l$ to ! ,glov] t[] = ! purpose ( d5itration & conc5tration1 s t all ! sulphuric acid leaves ! ,glov] z ,glov] acid ( ab\t #acf-add ,tw4 ,losses 9 nitr\s fumes are be/ made up by addition ( nitric acid at ! ,glov] or introduction into ! fir/ *amb]4 ,! defici5cy is also frequ5tly made good f nitre-pots4 ,! lead *amb]s 7fig4 #b7 are usually con/ruct$ entirely--sides1 ro(1 & floor--( lead %eets1 :i* are jo9$ toge!r by means ( a hydrog5 bl[pipe4 ,! %eets =m+ ! ro( & walls are support$1 indep5d5t ( ! bottom1 on a framework ( wood4 ,! capacity v>ies f #ce1jjj to #hj1jjj cubic feet4 ,! floor =ms a flat collect+ surface = ! *amb] acid :i* lutes ! *amb] f ! out] air4 ,! necess>y wat] is introduc$ into ! *amb] z /eam or f9e wat] spray4 ,! ,glov] & ,gay-,lussac t[]s are lead t[]s4 ,! ,glov] is l9$ ) acid-pro( bricks & fill$ ) acid-pro( pack+ to increase ! am\nt ( contact4 ,! ,gay-,lussac is fill$ ) coke ov] :i* ! conc5trat$ sulphuric acid ref]r$ to above fl[s1 =m+1 aft] absorption ( ! nitr\s fumes1 nitro-sulphuric acid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b;,a4--,lead ,*amb] ,sy/em--,section ?r\gh ,x ,x 7aft] ,o/7 ,,fig4 #b;,b4--,lead ,*amb] ,sy/em--,plan ,a ,pyrites ,burn] ,b ,glov] ,t[] ,c ,draft ,regulator ,d1 ,d ,lead ,*amb]s ,e ,air ,%aft ,f1 ,f1 ,f1 ,f ,acid ,res]voirs ,g ,acid ,egg ,h ,cool] ,j ,gay-,lussac ,t[] ,z already /at$1 two ,gay-,lussac t[]s are usually connect$ toge!r1 or :]e !re are sev]al lead-*amb] sy/ems !re is1 ap>t f ! ,gay-,lussac atta*$ to ea*1 a c5tral ,gay-,lussac 9 addition1 common to ! :ole s]ies4 ,! introduction ( sev]al ,gay-,lussac t[]s has ! advantage ( prev5t+ loss ( ! nitr\s fumes z mu* z possible--ma9ly on economical gr\nds1 z nitric acid is exp5sive4 ,b ?is arrangem5t is at ! same "t advantage\s on hygi5ic gr\nds1 z escape ( poison\s gases conta9+ nitr\s fumes1 c41 is effectually avoid$4 ,! acids are driv5 to ! top ( ! t[]s by compress$ air4 ,! :ole sy/em--*amb]s & t[]s--is connect$ by means ( wide lead conduits4 ,frequ5tly1 = ! purpose ( quick5+ ! *amb] process 7by increas+ ! numb] ( cond5s+ surfaces7 ,lunge-,rohrmann plate t[]s are ins]t$ 9 ! sy/em--tall t[]s l9$ ) lead 9 :i* squ>e p]=at$ plates are hung horizontally1 & d[n :i* dilut$ sulphuric acid trickles4 ,to increase ! draught 9 ! :ole sy/em a *imney is usual at ! end1 &1 9 addition1 a fan ( h>d lead or e>!nw>e may be introduc$ 9 front ( ! fir/ *amb] or betwe5 ! two ,gay-,lussac t[]s4 ,ma9t5ance ( a con/ant uni=m draught is n only necess>y = te*nical reasons1 b has hygi5ic int]e/1 s9ce escape ( injuri\s gases is avoid$ 7see also ,"p ,,iii74 ,! *amb] acid 7( #aaj-abj ,tw4 #fc-gj 7 & ! /rong] ,glov] acid 7( #acf-add ,tw4 #ge-hb 7 conta9 impurities4 ,9 ord] to obta9 = c]ta9 purposes pure /rong acid ! *amb] acid is purifi$ & conc5trat$4 ,! impurities are notably ars5i\s & nitr\s acids 7,glov] acid is ,n free71 lead1 copp]1 & iron4 ,conc5tration 7ap>t f t to ,glov] acid 9 ! ,glov] t[]7 is effect$ by evaporation 9 lead pans to #adj ,tw4 & f9ally 9 glass balloons or plat9um /ills to #afh ,tw4 7 #ig 74 ,! lead pans are g5]ally heat$ by utilis+ ! wa/e heat f ! furnaces or by /eam coils 9 ! acid itself1 or ev5 by direct fir+4 ,production ( sulphuric acid by ! contact me?od dep5ds on ! fact t a mixture ( sulphur dioxide & excess ( oxyg5 7air7 comb9es to =m sulphur trioxide at a mod]ate heat 9 pres5ce ( a contact sub/ance su* z plat9is$ asbe/os or oxide ( iron4 ,! sulphur dioxide mu/ be c>efully clean$ & dri$1 & ) ! excess ( air is pass$ ?r\gh ! contact sub/ance4 ,if asbe/os c>ry+ a small p]c5tage ( f9ely divid$ plat9um is ! contact sub/ance1 x is g5]ally us$ 9 ! =m ( pipes2 oxide ( iron 7! residue ( pyrites71 if us$1 is *>g$ into a furnace4 ,cool+ by a coil ( pipes & cond5sation 9 wa%+ t[]s suppli$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid always =ms a "p ( ! process4 ,a fan draws ! gases f ! roa/+ furnaces & drives !m ?r\gh ! sy/em4 ,! end product is a fum+ sulphuric acid conta9+ #bj-cj p] c5t4 ,,s4 ,f ?is by di/illation a conc5trat$ acid & a pure anhydride are obta9$4 ,f a heal? po9t ( view x is ( importance to "k t all sulphuric acid d]iv$ f ?is anhydride is pure & free f ars5ic4 ,! mo/ important uses ( sulphuric acid are ! foll[+3 z *amb] acid 7#aaj-abj ,tw47 9 ! sup]phosphate1 ammonium sulphate1 & alum indu/ries2 z ,glov] acid 7#adj-aej ,tw47 9 ! ,leblanc process1 i4e4 saltcake & manufacture ( hydro*loric acid1 & to et* metals2 z sulphuric acid ( #afh ,tw4 9 col\r & explosives manufacture 7nitric acid1 nitro-b5z5e1 nitro-glyc]9e1 gun-cotton1 c472 z conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & anhydride = ! production ( organic sulphonic acids 7= ! aliz>9 & naph?ol indu/ry7 & 9 ! ref9+ ( petroleum & o!r oils4 ,completely de-ars5icat$ sulphuric acid is us$ 9 mak+ />*1 sug>1 ph>maceutical prep>ations1 & 9 electrical accumulator manufacture4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,! heal? ( sulphuric acid work]s _c 9 g5]al be describ$ z unfav\rable4 ,9 comp>ison ) *emical work]s !y h1 x is said1 relatively ! l[e/ morbidity4 ,al?\gh 9 ?is indu/rial occupation no special factors are at "w :i* injure 9 g5]al ! heal? ( ! work]s1 !re is a *>act]i/ic effect1 )\t d\bt due to ! occupation--namely1 disease ( ! respiratory organs4 ,leymann's figures are suffici5tly l>ge to %[ t ! numb] ( cases ( diseases ( ! respiratory organs is decid$ly great] 9 ! sulphuric acid indu/ry ?an among o!r *emical work]s4 ,he attributes ?is to ! irritat+ & corrosive effect ( sulphur dioxide & sulphuric acid vap\r on ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory tract1 z inhalation ( ^! gases c nev] be q avoid$1 because ! draught 9 ! furnace & *amb] sy/em v>ies1 & ! work+ is n always uni=m4 ,/rongly irritat+ vap\rs escape aga9 9 mak+ a high p]c5tage acid 9 plat9um vessels1 :i* 9 consequ5ce are difficult to keep air-tight4 ,( great] importance ?an ^! injuri\s effects f frequ5t inhalation ( small quantities ( acid vap\rs1 or employm5t 9 workrooms 9 :i* ! air is slightly *>g$ ) acid1 is ! accid5tal sudd5 inhalation ( l>ge quantities ( acid gases1 :i* may arise 9 ! manufacture1 especially by c>eless att5dance4 ,=m]ly ?is 0 common 9 *>g+ ! roa/+ furnaces :5 ! draught 9 ! furnace1 on addition ( ! pyrites1 0 n /r5g!n$ at ! same "t4 ,?is c be easily avoid$ by artificial regulation ( ! draught4 ,accid5ts ?r\gh inhalation ( acid gases occur fur!r :5 ent]+ ! lead *amb]s or acid tanks1 & 9 empty+ ! t[]s4 ,he9z]l+ relates sev]al cases tak5 f factory inspectors' reports4 ,?us1 9 a sulphuric acid factory ! deposit 7lead oxysulphate7 :i* _h collect$ on ! floor ( a *amb] 0 be+ remov$3 to effect ?is ! lead *amb]s 7 op5$ at ! side4 ,two ( ! work]s1 :o _h probably be5 expos$ too long to ! acid vap\rs evolv$ 9 /irr+ up ! deposit1 di$ a %ort "t aft] !y _h f9i%$ ! "w4 ,a simil> fatality occurr$ 9 clean+ out a nitro-sulphuric acid tank1 ! requir$ neutralisation ( ! acid by lime be=e ent]+ hav+ be5 omitt$4 ,( ! two work]s :o ent]$1 "o di$ ! next day2 ! o!r rema9$ unaffect$4 ,! deceas$ _h1 z ! po/ mortem %[$1 already suff]$ previ\sly f pleurisy4 ,a fatality f brea?+ nitr\s fumes is describ$ fully 9 ! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = ! ye> #aije4 ,! work] 0 engag$ ) two o!rs 9 fix+ a fan to a lead *amb]2 ! work]s omitt$ to wait = ! arrival ( ! =eman :o 0 to h sup]vis$ ! op]ation4 ,al?\gh ! m5 us$ moi/ sponges z respirators1 "o ( !m inhal$ nitr\s fumes escap+ f ! *amb] 9 su* quantity t he di$ ! foll[+ day4 ,simil> accid5ts h occurr$ 9 clean+ out ! ,gay-,lussac t[]s4 ,su* poison+s h repeat$ly occurr$ 9 ,g]many4 ,fatal poison+ is record$ 9 ! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry1 9 ! empty+ & clean+ ( a ,gay-,lussac t[] despite c>eful precautions4 ,! t[]1 fill$ ) coke1 _h be5 previ\sly well wa%$ ) wat]1 & dur+ ! op]ation ( empty+1 air _h be5 con/antly bl[n ?r\gh by means ( a ,krt+'s injector4 ,! affect$ work] _h be5 9 ! t[] ab\t an h\r2 two h\rs lat] symptoms ( poison+ set 9 :i* prov$ fatal 9 an h\r despite imm$iate m$ical att5tion4 ,z su* accid5ts kept on recurr+1 ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry drew up special precautions to be adopt$ 9 ! empty+ ( ^! t[]s1 :i* are pr9t$ 9 ,"p ,,iii4 ,naturally1 9 all ^! cases x is difficult to say exactly :i* ( ! acid gases aris+ 9 ! production ( sulphuric acid 0 responsible = ! poison+4 ,9 ! fatal cases cit$1 probably nitr\s fumes play$ ! m important "p4 ,poison+ has occurr$ 9 ! transport ( sulphuric acid4 ,9 "s ( ! cases1 at all ev5ts1 gase\s impurities1 especially ars5iurett$ hydrog51 7 pres5t4 ,?us1 9 ! reports ( ! ,g]man ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = ! ye> #aija1 a work] succumb$ ?r\gh inhalation ( poison\s gases 9 clean+ out a tank waggon = ! transport ( sulphuric acid4 ,! tank 0 clean$ ( ! adh]+ mud1 z _h be5 ! cu/om = ye>s1 by a man :o climb$ into x4 ,no injuri\s effects _h be5 not$ previ\sly at ! "w1 & no fur!r precautions 7 tak5 ?an t "o work] reliev$ ano!r at %ort int]vals1 & ! "w 0 c>ri$ on "u sup]vision4 ,on ! occasion 9 "q1 h[ev]1 !re 0 an unusually l>ge quantity ( deposit1 al?\gh ! quality ( ! sulphuric acid 0 ! same1 & "w _h to be cont9u$ long]4 ,! work] :o rema9$ longe/ 9 ! tank became ill on 8 way home & di$ 9 hospital ! foll[+ day2 ! o!r work]s 7 only slightly affect$4 ,! sulphuric acid us$ by ! firm 9 "q imm$iately be=e ! accid5t came f a newly built factory 9 :i* anhydr\s sulphuric acid _h be5 prep>$ by a special process4 ,! acid 0 ,glov] acid1 & x is possible t sel5ium & ars5ic comp\nds 7 pres5t 9 ! residues4 ,ars5iurett$ hydrog5 might h be5 g5]at$ 9 digg+ up ! mud4 ,two simil> fatalities are describ$ 9 ! report ( ! same ,union = ! ye> #aije4 ,!y happ5$ simil>ly 9 clean+ out a sulphuric acid tank waggon1 & 9 !m ! ars5ic 9 ! acid 0 ! cause4 ,prelim9>y swill+ out ) wat] dilut$ ! rema9d] ( ! sulphuric acid1 b1 nev]!less1 x act$ on ! iron ( ! conta9]4 ,g5]ation ( hydrog5 gas is ! condition = ! r$uction ( ! ars5i\s acid pres5t 9 sulphuric acid ) =mation ( ars5iurett$ hydrog54 ,9 portions ( ! visc]a ars5ic 0 f\nd4 ,lately 9 ! annual reports ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijh sev]al cases ( poison+ are describ$ :i* 7 caus$ by sulphuric acid4 ,a work] took a sample out ( a vessel ( sulphuric acid conta9+ sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! prescrib$ cock1 he op5$ ! man-hole & put 8 head inside1 inhal+ conc5trat$ sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,he became imm$iately unconsci\s & di$4 ,?r\gh ignorance no use 0 made ( ! oxyg5 app>atus4 ,ano!r fatality occurr$ ?r\gh a =eman direct+ "s work]s1 contr>y to ! regulations aga9/ accid5ts f nitr\s gases1 to clean a vessel conta9+ nitric & sulphuric acids4 ,!y wore no air helmets3 "o di$ %ortly aft] f inhalation ( nitr\s fumes4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances ev5 ! break+ ( c>boys fill$ ) sulphuric acid may give rise to sev]e poison+ ?r\gh inhalation ( acid gases4 ,?us a fatality#a occurr$ to ! occupi] ( a workroom next "s premises 9 :i* sulphuric acid c>boys _h be5 accid5tally brok54 ,sev]e symptoms develop$ ! same night1 & he succumb$ ! next morn+ 9 spite ( treatm5t ) oxyg54 ,a work] 9 ! factory became s]i\sly ill b recov]$4 ,a simil> case is describ$#b 9 a factory :]e conc5trat$ sulphuric acid _h be5 spilt4 ,! work]s cov]$ ! spot ) %av+s1 :i* result$ 9 /rong developm5t ( sulphur dioxide1 lead+ to unconsci\sness 9 "o work]4 ,! frequ5t obs]vation ( ! injuri\s effect ( acid gases on ! tee? ( work]s requires m5tion2 inflammation ( ! eyes ( work]s also is attribut$ to ! effects ( sulphuric acid4 ,leymann's /ati/ics %[ corrosions & burns among sulphuric acid work]s to be m ?an five times t among o!r classes4 ,su* burns happ5 mo/ frequ5tly f c>elessness4 ,?us1 9 ! reports ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aija1 ?ree sev]e accid5ts are m5tion$ :i* occurr$ f use ( compress$ air4 ,9 two cases ! acid _h be5 introduc$ be=e ! compress$ air _h be5 turn$ (f2 9 ! ?ird ! work] let ! compress$ air into ! vessel & =got to turn (f ! inlet valve4 ,al?\gh ! valves 7 provid$ ) lead gu>ds1 "s ( ! acid squirt$ into ! work]'s face4 ,9 "o case complete bl9dness foll[$1 9 a second bl9dness 9 "o eye1 & 9 ! ?ird bl9dness 9 "o eye & impair$ vision ( ! o!r4 ,besides ^! dang]s f ! raw mat]ial1 bye-products1 & products ( ! manufacture1 lead poison+ has be5 report$ 9 ! erection & repair ( lead *amb]s4 ,! lead burn]s g5]ally use a hydrog5 flame2 ! necess>y hydrog5 is usually made f z9c & sulphuric acid & is l$ to ! iron by a tube4 ,if ! z9c & sulphuric acid conta9 ars5ic1 ! v dang]\s ars5iurett$ hydrog5 is =m$1 :i* escapes ?r\gh leakages 9 ! pip+1 or is burnt 9 ! flame to ars5i\s acid4 ,fur!r1 ! lead burn]s & plumb]s are expos$ to ! dang] ( *ronic lead poison+ f insuffici5t obs]vance ( ! p]sonal precaution>y measures necess>y to gu>d aga9/ x 7see ,"p ,,iii74 ,^? :o are con/antly engag$ 9 burn+ ! lead %eets & pipes ( ! *amb]s suff] n infrequ5tly f sev]e symptoms4 ,un=tunately1 ! "w requires skill & exp]i5ce1 & h5ce alt]nation ( employm5t is h>dly possible4 ,f9ally1 m5tion %\ld be made ( poison+ by ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas f vessels fill$ ) sulphuric acid conta9+ ars5ic z an impurity1 & by sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas 9 purify+ ! acid itself4 ,9 ! manufacture ( liquid sulphur dioxide1 injury to heal? c arise f inhalation ( ! acid escap+ f ! app>atus4 ,! mo/ frequ5t cause = su* escape ( sulphur dioxide is erosion ( ! walls ( ! compressor pumps & ( ! transport vessels1 9 consequ5ce ( ! gas be+ insuffici5tly dri$1 z1 :5 moi/1 x attacks iron4 ,sulphur dioxide w come up = fur!r consid]ation :5 describ+ ! indu/rial processes giv+ rise to x1 or 9 :i* x is us$4 ,,hydro*loric ,,acid1 ,,saltcake1 ,,& ,,soda ,,manufacture4--,! production ( hydro*loric acid 7,h,cl71 sodium sulphate 7,na,,s71 & sodium sulphide 7,na,s7 =ms "p ( ! manufacture ( soda 7,na,,co7 by ! ,leblanc process4 ,! products fir/ nam$ increase 9 importance1 :ile ! ,leblanc soda process is be+ replac$ m & m by ! manufacture ( soda by ! ,solvay ammonia process1 s mu* s t on ! ,cont95t ! latt] me?od pr$om9ates & only 9 ,engl& does ! ,leblanc process hold its gr\nd4 ,heal? int]e/s h ex]cis$ an important be>+ on ! developm5t ( ! indu/ries 9 "q4 ,at fir/1 9 ! ,leblanc process ! hydro*loric acid gas 0 all[$ to escape into ! atmosph]e1 be+ reg>d$ z a useless bye-product4 ,its de/ructive action on plant life & ! inconv5i5ce caus$ to ! neighb\rhood1 9 spite ( erection ( high *imneys1 dem&$ int]v5tion4 ,9 ,engl& ! evils l$ to ! enactm5t ( ! ,alkali ,acts--! olde/ classical legislative measures be>+ on factory hygi5e--by :i* ! ,leblanc factories 7 requir$ to cond5se ! vap\r by means ( its absorption 9 wat]1 & ?is solution ( ! acid is n[ a highly valu$ product4 ,&1 aga91 production ( nuisance--inconv5i5ce to ! neighb\rhood ?r\gh ! soda wa/e--0 ! ma9 cause ( ou/+ "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ g5]ally us$ me?ods ( *emical indu/rial production4 ,al?\gh e ef=t 0 made to ov]come ! difficulties1 ! old classical ,leblanc process is gradually b surely yield+ place to ! mod]n ,solvay process1 :i* has no drawback on gr\nds ( heal?4 ,we outl9e next ! ma9 features ( ! ,leblanc soda process1 :i* includes1 z has be5 m5tion$1 also ! manufacture ( hydro*loric acid1 sodium sulphate & sulphide4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! process consi/s 9 ! production ( ! sulphate f salt & sulphuric acid1 dur+ :i* hydro*loric acid is =m$2 ?is is c>ri$ out 9 two /ages repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ =mul3 #a4 ,na,cl ,h,,s ,na,h,s,o ,h,cl4 #b4 ,na,cl ,na,h,s,o ,na,,s ,h,cl4 ,! fir/ /age 9 :i* bisulphate is produc$ is c>ri$ out at a mod]ate heat1 ! second requires a r$ heat4 ,! reactions1 !re=e1 are made 9 a furnace comb9+ a pan & muffle furnace4 ,?is saltcake muffle furnace is s arrang$ t ! pan c be %ut (f f ! muffle by a slid+-door 7,d74 ,! pan 7,a7 & muffle 7,e7 h sep>ate flues = c>ry+ (f ! hydro*loric acid develop$ 7,b1 ,f74 ,fir/1 common salt is treat$ ) sulphuric 7,glov]7 acid 9 ! ca/-iron pan4 ,:5 g5]ation ( hydro*loric acid vap\r has ceas$1 ! slid+-door is rais$ & ! p>tly decompos$ mixture is pu%$ ?r\gh into ! muffle1 con/ruct$ ( fire-resi/+ bricks & tiles1 & surr\nd$ by ! fire gases4 ,:ile ! muffle is be+ rais$ to r$ heat1 ! sulphate mu/ be repeat$ly /irr$ ) a rake 9 ord]1 f9ally1 :ile /ill hot & giv+ (f acid vap\r1 to be drawn out at ! work+ doors into iron boxes provid$ ) doors1 :]e ! mat]ial cools4 ,! acid vap\r giv5 (f :5 cool+ is drawn ?r\gh ! top ( ! box into ! furnace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,saltcake ,muffle ,furnace--,section 7aft] ,o/7 ,a ,pan2 ,b1 ,f ,pipes = hydro*loric acid vap\r2 ,d ,%utt]2 ,e ,muffle1 ,o ,coke fire4 ,me*anical /irr]s1 despite _! advantage f a heal? po9t ( view1 h n answ]$ because ( _! %ort life4 ,! valuable bye-product ( ! sulphate process1 hydro*loric acid1 is l$ away sep>ately f ! pan & ! muffle1 z is se51 into "o absorption sy/em4 ,! reason ( ! sep>ation is t ! gas f ! pan is always ! m conc5trat$4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! absorb+ app>atus is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d;,a4--,prep>ation ( ,hydro*loric ,acid--,plan 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a1 ,a ,e>!nw>e pipes ,b1 ,b ,s&/one cool+ t[]s ,c1 ,c ,s]ies ( ,w\lff's bottles ,d1 ,e ,cond5s] wa% t[]s ,,fig4 #d;,b4--,elevation ,! gases are l$ ea* ?r\gh e>!nw>e pipes or *annels ( /one pickl$ ) t> 7,a71 fir/ into small t[]s ( ,york%ire flags 7,b71 :]e !y are cool$ & fre$ f flue du/ & impurities 7sulphuric acid7 by wa%+4 ,!y are next l$ ?r\gh a s]ies 7ov] fifty7 ( ,w\lff bottles 7bombonnes7 "o metre high1 made ( acid-resi/+ /onew>e4 ,! s]ies is laid ) a slight incl9ation t[>ds ! furnace1 & wat] trickles ?r\gh s t ! gases com+ f ! wa% t[]s are br\ght into contact ) wat] 9 ! "o case already almo/ saturat$1 :il/ ! gas :i* is poore/ 9 hydro*loric acid meets ) fre% wat]4 ,f ! bombonne situat$ next to ! wa% t[] ! prep>$ acid is pass$ z a rule ?r\gh ano!r s]ies4 ,! la/ traces ( hydro*loric acid are !n remov$ by lead+ ! gases f ! ,w\lff bottles up two wat] t[]s ( /onew>e 7,d & ,e71 :i* are fill$ p>tly ) e>!nw>e trays & p>tly ) coke2 above are tanks f :i* ! wat] trickles d[n ov] ! coke4 ,! residual gases f bo? sets ( absorb+ app>atus n[ unite 9 a l>ge ,w\lff bottle be=e f9ally be+ l$ away ?r\gh a duct to ! *imney /ack4 ,less frequ5tly absorption ( hydro*loric acid is effect$ )\t use ( ,w\lff bottles1 pr9cipally 9 wa% t[]s su* z ! ,lunge-,rohrmann plate t[]4 ,9 ! purification ( hydro*loric acid1 de-ars5icat+ by sulphurett$ hydrog5 or by b>ium sulphide1 c41 & sep>ation ( sulphuric acid by addition ( b>ium *loride1 h to be consid]$4 ,ano!r me?od = production ( sulphate & hydro*loric acid1 namely1 ! ,h>greaves process1 is ref]r$ to lat]4 ,we return n[ to ! fur!r work+ up ( ! sodium sulphate into sulphide & soda4 ,! conv]sion ( ! sulphate into soda by ! ,leblanc me?od is effect$ by heat+ ) coal & calcium c>bonate1 :]eby1 ?r\gh ! action ( ! coal1 sodium sulphide =ms fir/1 :i* next ) ! calcium c>bonate becomes conv]t$ into sodium c>bonate & calcium sulphide4 ,! reactions are3 ,na,,s #b;,c ,na,s #b;,,co ,na,s ,ca,c,o ,na,,co ,ca,s ,ca,c,o ,c ,ca,o #b;,,co4 ,! reactions are c>ri$ out 9 small works 9 op5 rev]b]atory furnaces hav+ two plat=ms on ! he>?1 & ) cont9u\s rak+ f "o to ! o!r :i*1 z ! equations %[1 cause escape ( c>bonic acid gas & c>bonic oxide4 ,su* h&work$ furnaces1 ap>t f _! drawbacks on heal? gr\nds1 h only a small capacity1 & 9 l>ge works _! place is tak5 by revolv+ furnaces--clos$1 movable cyl9drical furnaces--9 :i* h&work is replac$ by ! me*anical revolution ( ! furnace & f :i* a consid]ably l>g] output & a product ?r\gh\t good 9 quality are obta9$4 ,! raw soda ?us obta9$ 9 ! black a% furnace is subject$ to lixiviation by wat] 9 iron tanks 9 :i* ! impurities or tank wa/e 7see bel[7 are deposit$4 ,! crude soda liquor s obta9$ is !n fur!r treat$ & conv]t$ into calc9$ soda1 cry/al soda1 or cau/ic soda4 ,9 ! production ( calc9$ soda ! crude soda liquor is fir/ purifi$ 7#8oxidis$' & #8c>bonis$'7 by bl[+ ?r\gh air & c>bonic acid gas1 press$ ?r\gh a filt] press1 & cry/allis$ by evaporation 9 pans & calc9$1 i4e4 depriv$ ( wat] by heat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,revolv+ ,black ,a% ,furnace--,elevation 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a ,fir+ he>?2 ,b ,furnace2 ,c ,du/ box4 ,cry/al soda is obta9$ f well-purifi$ tank liquor by cry/allis+ 9 ca/-iron vessels4 ,cau/ic soda is obta9$ by introduc+ lime susp5d$ 9 iron cages into ! soda liquor 9 iron cau/ic pots1 heat+ ) /eam1 & agitat+ by bl[+ 9 air4 ,! result+ cle> solution is drawn (f & evaporat$ 9 ca/-iron pans4 ,z already m5tion$1 ! tank wa/e 9 ! ,leblanc process1 :i* rema9s beh9d--9 am\nt ab\t equal to ! soda produc$ aft] lixiviation ( ! raw soda ) wat]--con/itutes a great nuisance4 ,x =ms m\nta9s r\nd ! factories1 & z x consi/s pr9cipally ( calcium sulphide & calcium c>bonate1 x easily wea!rs "u ! influ5ce ( air & ra91 =m+ soluble sulphur comp\nds & develop+ sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas--an intol]able s\rce ( annoyance to ! di/rict4 ,at ! same "t all ! sulphur introduc$ into ! indu/ry z sulphuric acid is lo/ 9 ! tank wa/e4 ,?is loss ( valuable mat]ial & ! nuisance creat$ l$ to attempts--p>tially successful--to recov] ! sulphur4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ by ! ,*ance-,claus me?od1 9 :i* ! firebrick #8,claus-kiln' conta9+ f]ric oxide 7previ\sly heat$ to dull r$ness7 is us$4 ,9 ?is process calcium sulphide is act$ on by c>bonic acid ) evolution ( gas s ri* 9 sulphurett$ hydrog5 t x c be burnt to sulphur dioxide & us$ 9 ! lead *amb]s = mak+ sulphuric acid4 ,sulphur also z su* is obta9$ by ! me?od4 ,^! sulphur-recov]y processes :i* h h>dly be5 tri$ on ! ,cont95t--only ! ,unit$ ,alkali ,company 9 ,engl& employs ! ,*ance-,claus on a l>ge scale--71 z has be5 said1 n 9 a position to prev5t ! d[nfall ( ! ,leblanc soda indu/ry4 ,be=e describ+ briefly ! ,solvay me?od a ^w is ne$$ z to o!r processes = manufacture ( sulphate & hydro*loric acid4 ,h>greaves' process produces sodium sulphate 7)\t previ\s conv]sion ( sulphur dioxide into sulphuric acid7 directly by ! passage ( gases f ! pyrites burn]s1 air & /eam1 ?r\gh salt blocks plac$ 9 v]tical ca/-iron retorts1 a numb] ( :i* are connect$ 9 s]ies4 ,a fan draws ! gases ?r\gh ! sy/em & leads ! hydro*loric acid fumes to ! cond5s]4 ,sodium sulphate is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( glass1 ultram>9e1 c4 ,fur!r1 ! sulphate is conv]t$ into ,glaub]'s salts by dissolv+ ! anhydr\s sulphate obta9$ 9 ! muffle furnace1 purify+ ) lime1 & all[+ ! cle> salt solution to cry/allise out 9 pans4 ,a fur!r use ( ! sulphate is ! prep>ation ( sodium sulphide1 :i* is effect$ 7z 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,leblanc soda process7 by melt+ toge!r sulphate & coal 9 a rev]b]atory furnace4 ,if ! acid sulphate 7bisulphate7 or sulphate conta9+ bisulphate is us$ mu* sulphur dioxide gas comes (f4 ,! mass is !n lixiviat$ 9 ! usual soda liquor vats & ! lye ei!r treat$ s z to obta9 cry/als or evaporat$ to /rong sodium sulphide :i* is p\r$ l cau/ic soda into metal drums :]e x solidifies4 ,9 ,solvay's ammonia soda process ammonia recov]$ f ! wa/e produc$ 9 ! indu/ry is l$ into a solution ( salt until saturation is complete4 ,?is is effect$ g5]ally 9 column app>atus su* z is us$ 9 di/illation ( _s4 ,! solution is !n driv5 automatically by compress$ air to ! c>bonis+ app>atus 9 :i* ! solution is saturat$ ) c>bonic acid2 ?is app>atus is a cyl9drical t[] some:at simil> to ! s]ies ( vessels us$ = saturat+ purposes 9 sug> factories ?r\gh :i* c>bonic acid gas passes4 ,9 ?is process cry/all9e bi-c>bonate ( soda is fir/ =m$1 :i* is sep>at$ f ! ammoniacal "m liquor by filtration1 c5trifugalisation1 & wa%+4 ,! c>bonate is !n obta9$ by heat+ 7calc9+ 9 pans71 dur+ :i* c>bonic acid gas escapes1 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! c>bonic acid produc$ 9 ! lime kilns1 is utilis$ = fur!r c>bonisation aga94 ,! lime =m$ dur+ ! production ( c>bonic acid 9 ! lime kilns s]ves to drive ! ammonia out ( ! ammoniacal "m liquor1 s t ! ammonia necess>y = ! process is recov]$ & us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,! wa/e :i* results f ! action ( ! lime on ! ammonium *loride liquor is h>mless--calcium *loride liquor4 ,! electrolytic manufacture ( soda f salt requires m5tion1 9 :i* *lor9e 7at ! anode7 & cau/ic soda 7at ! ca?ode7 are =m$2 ! latt] is treat$ ) c>bonic acid to make soda4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,leymann's obs]vations %[ t 9 ! dep>tm5t conc]n$ ) ! ,leblanc soda process & production ( sodium sulphide1 relatively m sickness is not$ ?an1 = example1 9 ! manufacture ( sulphuric & nitric acids4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! sulphate1 possibility ( injury to heal? or poison+ arises f ! fumes conta9+ hydro*loric or sulphuric acid 9 op]ations at ! muffle furnace2 9 ,h>greaves' process !re may be exposure to ! effect ( sulphur dioxide4 ,hydro*loric & sulphuric acid vap\rs c escape f ! muffle furnace :5 *>g+1 f leakages 9 x1 & especially :5 )draw+ ! /ill hot sulphate4 ,l>ge quantities ( acid vap\rs escape f ! gl[+ mass1 especially if coal is n add$ freely & if x is n /rongly calc9$4 ,p]sons employ$ at ! saltcake furnaces suff]1 accord+ to ,juris*1 ap>t f injury to ! lungs1 f defective tee?4 ,! tee? ( ,engli% work]s especially1 x is said1 f ! practice ( hold+ flannel 9 _! m\?s ) ! idea ( protect+ !mselves f ! effect ( ! vap\rs1 are almo/ entirely erod$ by ! action ( ! hydro*loric acid absorb$ by ! saliva4 ,hydro*loric acid vap\r1 fur!r1 c escape f ! absorb+ app>atus if ?is is n kept entirely seal$1 & ! hydro*loric acid altoge!r absorb$--a difficult matt]4 ,nev]!less1 def9ite acute indu/rial poison+ f gase\s hydro*loric acid is r>e1 no d\bt because ! work]s d n inhale x 9 conc5trat$ =m4 ,injury to ! sk9 f ! acid absorb$ 9 wat] may occur 9 fill+1 unload+1 & transport1 especially :5 9 c>boys1 b ! burns1 if imm$iately wa%$1 are v slight 9 comp>ison ) ^? f sulphuric or nitric acids4 ,injury to heal? or inconv5i5ce f sulphurett$ hydrog5 is at all ev5ts possible 9 ! de-ars5icat+ process by means ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,at ! saltcake furnace :5 work$ by h& ! fumes conta9+ c>bonic oxide gas may be tr\blesome4 ,9 ! production ( cau/ic soda sev]e corrosive action on ! sk9 is frequ5t4 ,leymann f\nd t #ach p] c5t4 ( ! p]sons employ$ 9 ! cau/ic soda dep>tm5t 7 report$ z suff]+ f burns1 & calls att5tion to ! fact t on introduc+ ! lime into ! hot soda lye ! cont5ts ( ! vessel may easily fro? ov]4 ,he9z]l+ ref]s to ! n infrequ5t occurr5ce ( eye injuries 9 ! prep>ation ( cau/ic soda1 due to ! spurt+ ( lye or ( solid p>ticles ( cau/ic soda4 ,! tank wa/e gives rise1 z already /at$1 to inconv5i5ce f ! pres5ce ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,9 ! recov]y ( ! sulphur & treatm5t ( ! tank wa/e1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 & sulphur dioxide gases are evolv$4 ,accord+ to ,leymann1 work]s employ$ 9 remov+ ! wa/e & at ! lye vats frequ5tly suff] f inflammation ( ! eyes4 ,fur!r1 di/urbance ( dige/ion has be5 not$ 9 p]sons treat+ ! tank wa/e1 :i* ,leymann attributes to ! unavoidable developm5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,9 ! manufacture ( sodium sulphide simil> conditions prevail4 ,leymann f\nd 9 ?is bran* relatively m cases ( sickness ?an 9 any o!r2 diseases ( ! dige/ive tract especially appe>$ to be m num]\s4 ,leymann makes ! sugge/ion t occurr5ce ( disease ( ! dige/ive organs is ei!r fav\r$ by sodium sulphide :5 swall[$ z du/1 or t "h aga9 sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas plays a "p4 ,fur!r corrosive effect on ! sk9 & burns may easily arise at "w ) ! hot corrosive liquor4 ,9 ! ,solvay ammonia process ammonia & c>bonic acid gas are pres5t1 b1 s f> z ,i "k1 nei!r injury to heal? nor poison+ h be5 describ$ among p]sons employ$ 9 ! process4 ,inde$1 ! view is unanim\s t ?is me?od ( manufacture ) its te*nical advantages has ! m]it also ( be+ q h>mless4 ,z may be se5 f ! prec$+ description ( ! process !re is no *ance ( ! escape ( ! gases nam$ into ! workrooms4 ,,use ,,( ,,sulphate ,,& ,,sulphide ,ultram>9e is made f a mixture ( clay1 sulphate 7,glaub]'s salts71 & c>bon--sulphate ultram>9e2 or clay1 sulphur1 & soda--soda ultram>9e4 ,^! mat]ials are cru%$1 gr\nd1 & burnt 9 muffle furnaces4 ,on heat+ ! mass 9 ! furnace mu* sulphur dioxide escapes1 :i* is a s\rce ( detrim5t to ! workm5 & ! neighb\rhood4 ,sulphonal 7,,*7,c7,,s,c,h71 die?ylsulphone dime?ylme?ane1 us$ m$ically z a hypnotic1 is obta9$ f m]captan =m$ by di/illation ( e?yl sulphuric acid ) sodium or potassium sulphide4 ,! m]captan is conv]t$ into m]captol1 & ?is by oxidation ) potassium p]manganate into sulphonal4 ,! volatile m]captan has a mo/ disgu/+ od\r1 & cl+s = a long "t ev5 to ! clo!s ( ^? m]ely pass+ ?r\gh ! room4 ,die?yl sulphate 77,c,h7,,s74--,die?yl sulphate obta9$ by ! action ( sulphuric acid on alcohol has l$ to poison+ *>act]is$ by corrosive action on ! respiratory tract4#a ,z ! sub/ance 9 ! pres5ce ( wat] splits up into sulphuric acid & alcohol1 ?is corrosive action is probably due to ! acid4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t ! molecule ( die?yl sulphate z su* has corrosive action4 ,contact ) die?yl sulphate is describ$ z hav+ l$ to fatal poison+4#b ,a *emi/ :5 conduct+ a laboratory exp]im5t dropp$ a glass flask conta9+ ab\t #dj c4c4 ( die?yl sulphate1 !reby spill+ "s ov] 8 clo!s4 ,he w5t on work+1 & notic$ burns aft] "s "t1 quickly foll[$ by ho>s5ess & pa9 9 ! ?roat4 ,he di$ ( sev]e inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,a work] 9 ano!r factory 0 dropp+ die?yl sulphate & /irr+ x into an at fir/ solid1 & lat] semi-liquid1 mass = ! purpose ( e?ylat+ a dye /uff4 ,9 do+ s he 0 expos$ to fumes1 & at ! end ( ! "w compla9$ ( ho>s5ess & sm>t+ ( ! eyes4 ,he di$ ( d\ble pneumonia two days lat]4 ,po/ mortem v sev]e corrosive action on ! respiratory tract 0 f\nd1 %[+ t ! die?yl sulphuric acid _h decompos$ inside ! body & t nasc5t sulphuric acid _h giv5 rise to ! sev]e burns4 ,! pr9cipal *emi/ :o _h sup]9t5d$ ! process suff]$ sev]ely f ho>s5ess at night1 b no s]i\s consequ5ces foll[$4 ,x is /at$ also t workm5 9 *emical factories com+ into contact ) ! fumes ( die?yl sulphate e/] suff] f eye affections4#c ,,*lor9e1 ,,*loride ,,( ,,calcium1 ,,& ,,*lorates ,,manufacture4--,! old] processes dep5d on ! prep>ation ( *lor9e & hydro*loric acid by an oxidation process 9 :i* ! oxidis+ ag5t is ei!r a comp\nd ri* 9 oxyg5--usually common manganese dioxide 7pyrolusite7--or ! oxyg5 ( ! air 9 ! pres5ce ( heat$ copp] *loride 7z catalytic ag5t74 ,! =m] 7,weldon process7 is less us$ n[ ?an ei!r ! latt] 7,deacon process7 or ! electrolytic manufacture ( *lor9e4 ,9 ! ,weldon process f ! /ill liquors conta9+ mangan\s *loride ! manganese p]oxide is reg5]at$1 & ?is s reg5]at$ ,weldon mud1 :5 mix$ ) fre% manganese dioxide1 is us$ to initiate ! process4 ,?is is c>ri$ out accord+ to ! equations3 ,mn,o #d;,h,cl ,mn,cl #b;,h,o ,mn,cl ,mn,cl ,cl4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,prep>ation ( ,*lor9e--,diaphragm ,me?od 7aft] ,o/7 ,hydro*loric acid is fir/ introduc$ into ! *lor9e /ill 7vessels ab\t #c m4 9 height1 ( ,york%ire flag or fireclay71 next ! ,weldon mud gradually1 & f9ally /eam to br+ ! :ole to boil+2 *lor9e comes (f 9 a uni=m /ream4 ,! mangan\s *loride /ill liquor is run into settl+ tanks4 ,! reg5]ation ( ! mangan\s *loride liquor takes place 9 an oxidis] :i* consi/s ( a v]tical iron cyl9d] 9 :i* air is bl[n into ! heat$ mixture ( mangan\s *loride & milk ( lime4 ,! d>k precipitate s =m$1 #8,weldon mud1' z describ$1 is us$ ov] aga91 :ile ! calcium *loride liquor runs away4 ,! ,deacon process dep5ds ma9ly on lead+ ! /ream ( hydro*loric acid gas evolv$ f a saltcake pot mix$ ) air & heat$ into a t[] conta9+ brok5 bricks ( ! size ( a nut saturat$ ) copp] *loride4 ,*lor9e is evolv$ accord+ to ! equation3 #b;,h,cl ,o #b;,cl ,h,o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,prep>ation ( ,*lor9e--,bell ,me?od 7aft] ,o/7 ,! electrolytic production ( *lor9e ) simultane\s production ( cau/ic alkali is increas+ & dep5ds on ! splitt+ up ( alkal9e *lorides by a curr5t ( electricity4 ,! *lor9e evolv$ at ! anode & ! alkal9e liquor =m$ at ! ca?ode mu/ be kept ap>t to prev5t second>y =mation ( hypo*lorite & *lorate 7see bel[74 ,?is sep>ation is g5]ally effect$ 9 "o ( ?ree ways3 7#a7 ,9 ! diaphragm process 7,grie%eim-,elektron *emical works7 ! anode & ca?ode are kept sep>ate by por\s e>!nw>e diaphragms arrang$ z illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #f4 ,! anode consi/s ( gas c>bon1 or is made by press+ & fir+ a mixture ( *>coal & t>2 x lies inside ! diaphragm4 ,! *lor9e develop$ 9 ! anodal cell is c>ri$ away by a pipe4 ,! metal vessel s]ves z ! ca?ode4 ,! alkali1 :i*1 s9ce x conta9s *loride1 is recov]$ z cau/ic soda aft] evaporation & cry/allisation1 collects 9 ! ca?odal space ly+ outside ! diaphragm4 7#b7 ,by ! ,bell me?od 7*emical factory at ,aussig7 ! anodal & ca?odal fluids1 :i* keep ap>t by _! diff]5t specific weights1 are sep>at$ by a /onew>e bell2 ! poles consi/ ( %eet iron & c>bon4 ,! conta9+ vessel is ( /onew>e4 7#c7 ,9 ! m]cury process 7,engl&7 sodium *loride is electrolys$ )\t a diaphragm1 m]cury s]v+ z ! ca?ode4 ,?is takes up ! sodium1 :i* is aft]w>ds recov]$ f ! amalgam =m$ by means ( wat]4 ,if *lorate or hypo*lorite is to be obta9$ electrolytically1 electrodes ( ! v resi/ant b exp5sive plat9um iridium are us$ )\t a diaphragm4 ,*lor9e is develop$--n free1 b comb9$ ) ! cau/ic pota%4 ,! blea*+ fluid obta9$ electrolytically 9 ?is way is a rival ( blea*+ p[d]4 ,blea*+ p[d] is made f *lor9e obta9$ by ! ,weldon or ,deacon process4 ,its prep>ation dep5ds on ! fact t calcium hydrate takes up *lor9e 9 ! cold ) =mation ( calcium hypo*lorite aft] ! equation3 #b;,ca7,,oh7 #d;,cl ,ca7,cl,o7 ,ca,cl #b;,h,o4 ,! result+ product conta9s f #ce to #cf p] c5t4 *lor9e1 :i* is giv5 (f aga9 :5 treat$ ) acids4 ,! prep>ation ( *loride ( lime takes place 9 blea*+ p[d] *amb]s made ( %eets ( lead & ,york%ire flag/ones4 ,! lime is spread out on ! floors ( ^! & *lor9e introduc$4 ,be=e ! process is complete ! lime mu/ be turn$ occasionally4 ,9 ! manufacture ( blea*+ p[d] f ,deacon *lor9e1 ,has5clev] has con/ruct$ a special cyl9drical app>atus 7fig4 #h71 consi/+ ( sev]al sup]impos$ ca/-iron cyl9d]s 9 :i* are worm arrangem5ts c>ry+ ! lime along1 :ile *lor9e gas passes ov] 9 an opposite direction4 ,?is cont9u\s process is1 h[ev]1 only possible = ! ,deacon *lor9e /rongly dilut$ ) nitrog5 & oxyg5 & n = undilut$ ,weldon gas4 ,liquid *lor9e c be obta9$ by pressure & cool+ f conc5trat$ almo/ pure ,weldon *lor9e gas4 ,potassium *lorate1 :i*1 z has be5 said1 is n[ mo/ly obta9$ electrolytically1 0 =m]ly obta9$ by pass+ ,deacon *lor9e into milk ( lime & decompos+ ! calcium *lorate =m$ by potassium *loride4 ,*lor9e & *loride ( lime are us$ = blea*+2 *lor9e fur!r is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( col\rs2 *loride ( lime z a mordant 9 clo? pr9t+ & 9 ! prep>ation ( *lor(orm2 ! *lorates are oxidis+ ag5ts & us$ 9 mak+ safety mat*es4 ,! manufacture ( organic *lor9e products w be dealt ) lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,prep>ation ( ,blea*+ ,p[d]4 ,app>atus ( ,has5clev] 7aft] ,o/7 ,a ,hopp] = slak$ lime2 ,w ,worm convey+ lime2 ,z ,too!d :eels2 ,k ,movable cov]s2 ,c ,entrance = *lor9e gas2 ,d ,pipe = escape ( *lor9e-free gas2 ,b ,outlet %oot = blea*+ p[d] ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,9 ^! indu/ries ! possibility ( injury to heal? & poison+ by inhalation ( *lor9e gas is prom95t4 ,leymann has %[n t p]sons employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( *lor9e & blea*+ p[d] suff] f diseases ( ! respiratory organs #agh p] c5t41 z contra/$ ) #hh p] c5t4 9 o!r work]s3 & ?is is )\t d\bt attributable to ! injuri\s effect ( *lor9e gas1 :i* x is h>dly possible to avoid despite ! fact t ,leymann's figures ref] to a model factory4 ,b ! figures %[ also t z ! indu/ry became p]fect$ ! numb] ( cases ( sickness /eadily dim9i%$4 ,mo/ cases occur f unsatisfactory conditions 9 ! production ( *loride ( lime1 especially if ! *loride ( lime *amb]s leak1 if ! lime is turn$ ov] :ile ! *lor9e is be+ let 91 by too e>ly entrance into *amb]s insuffici5tly v5tilat$1 & by c>eless & unsuitable me?ods ( empty+ ! f9i%$ blea*+ p[d]4 ,! possibility ( injury is naturally great] f ! conc5trat$ gas prep>$ by ! ,weldon process ?an f ! dilut$ gas ( ! ,deacon process--! m s z 9 ! latt] ! blea*+ p[d] is made 9 ! ,has5clev] clos$-9 cyl9drical app>atus 9 :i* ! *lor9e is completely tak5 up by ! lime4 ,! safe/ process ( all is ! electrolytic1 z1 if prop]ly arrang$1 !re %\ld be no escape ( *lor9e gas4 ,! *lor9e develop$ 9 ! cells 7:5 c>ri$ out on ! l>ge scale7 is drawn away by fans & conduct$ 9 clos$ pipes to ! place :]e x is us$4 ,_m rese>*es h be5 publi%$ z to ! "* ( ! sk9 affection well kn[n "u ! "n ( *lor9e ra% 7*lorakne74 ,"s ma9ta9 t x is n due to *lor9e at all1 b is an eczema set up by t>4 ,o!rs ma9ta9 t x is due to a comb9$ action ( *lor9e & t>4 ,support to ?is view is giv5 by ! obs]vation t cases ( *lor9e ra%1 =m]ly ( con/ant occurr5ce 9 a factory = electrolytic manufacture ( *lor9e1 disappe>$ entirely on sub/itution ( magnetite at ! anode = c>bon4#a ,! conclusion seems ju/ifi$ t ! con/itu5ts ( ! c>bon or ( ! surr\nd+ mat]ial set up ! condition4 ,*lor9e ra% has be5 obs]v$ 9 an alkali works :]e *lor9e 0 n produc$ electrolytically1 & "u conditions :i* sugge/$ t comp\nds ( t> & *lor9e 7 ! cause4 ,9 ?is factory = ! production ( salt cake by ! ,h>greaves' process cakes ( rock salt 7 prep>$ &1 = ! purpose ( dry+1 convey$ on an endless metal b& ?r\gh a /ove4 ,to prev5t =mation ( cru/s ! b& 0 t>r$4 ,! salt blocks are decompos$ 9 ! usual way by sulphur dioxide1 /eam1 & oxyg5 ( ! air1 & ! hydro*loric acid vap\r l$ ?r\gh ,deacon t[]s 9 :i* ! decomposition ( ! hydro*loric acid into *lor9e & wat] is effect$ by metal salts 9 ! mann] *>act]i/ic ( ! ,deacon process4 ,^! salts are introduc$ 9 small e>!nw>e trays :i* p]iodically h to be remov$ & r5ew$2 ! p]sons engag$ 9 do+ ?is 7 ^? affect$4 ,! explanation 0 probably t ! t> /ick+ to ! salt blocks di/ill$ 9 ! saltcake furnaces & =m$ a comp\nd ) ! *lor9e :i* cond5s$ on ! e>!nw>e trays4 ,:5 contact ) ^! trays 0 recognis$ z ! cause1 ! dang] 0 met by obs]vance ( ! greate/ cleanl9ess 9 op5+ & empty+ ! ,deacon t[]s4 ,leymann#b is c]ta9 t ! ra% is due to *lor9at$ products :i* emanate f ! t> us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! cells4 ,& ! affection has be5 f\nd to be mu* m preval5t :5 ! cont5ts ( ! cells are empti$ :ile ! cont5ts are /ill hot ?an :5 !y are fir/ all[$ to get cold4 ,lehmann#c has approa*$ ! subject on ! exp]im5tal side1 & is ( op9ion t probably *lor9at$ t> d]ivatives 7*lor9at$ ph5ols7 are ! cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,bo? he & ,ro? ?9k t ! affection is due n to ext]nal irritation ( ! sk91 b to absorption ( ! poison\s sub/ances into ! sy/em & _! elim9ation by way ( ! gl&s ( ! sk94 ,9 ! section on manganese poison+ detail$ ref]5ce is made to ! =m ( illness rec5tly describ$ 9 p]sons employ$ 9 dry+ ! reg5]at$ ,weldon mud4 ,m]curial poison+ is possible :5 m]cury is us$ 9 ! production ( *lor9e electrolytically4 ,9 ! manufacture ( *lorates & hypo*lorite1 blea*+ fluids1 c41 injury to heal? f *lor9e is possible 9 ! same way z has be5 describ$ above4 ,,o!r ,,*lor9e ,,comp\nds4 ,,brom9e1 ,,iod9e1 ,,& ,,fluor9e ,*lor9e is us$ = ! production ( a numb] ( organic *lor9e comp\nds1 & 9 ! manufacture ( brom9e & iod9e1 processes :i* give rise to ! possibility ( injury to heal? & poison+ by *lor9e2 fur!r1 sev]al ( ! sub/ances s prep>$ are !mselves corrosive or irritat+ or o!rwise poison\s4 ,nev]!less1 sev]e poison+ & injuri\s effects c be almo/ entirely avoid$ by adoption ( suitable precautions4 ,9 ! factory to :i* ,leymann's figures ref]1 :]e daily sev]al ?\s& kilos ( *lor9e & organic *lor9e comp\nds are prep>$1 a relatively v fav\rable /ate ( heal? ( ! p]sons employ$ 0 not$4 ,at all ev5ts ! prep>ation ( *lor9e by ! electrolytic process takes place 9 clos$ vessels admirably adapt$ to avoid any escape ( *lor9e gas except z ! result ( breakage ( ! app>atus or pipes4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 h[ev]1 ! pipes conduct+ ! gas c be imm$iately disconnect$ & ! *lor9e l$ into o!r app>atus or into ! blea*+ p[d] factory4 ,z su* complete precaution>y arrangem5ts are n ev]y:]e to be f\nd1 we describe briefly ! mo/ important ( ! indu/ries 9 "q & ! poison+ recognis$ 9 !m4 ,*lorides ( phosphorus4--,by ! action ( dry *lor9e on an excess ( heat$ amorph\s phosphorus1 tri*loride is =m$ 7,p,cl71 a liquid hav+ a %>p smell & caus+ la*rymation1 :i* fumes 9 ! air1 & 9 pres5ce ( wat] decomposes into phosphor\s acid & hydro*loric acid4 ,on heat+ ) dry oxidis+ sub/ances x =ms phosphorus oxy*loride 7see bel[71 :i* is us$ = ! production ( acid *lorides4 ,by cont9u\s treatm5t ) *lor9e x becomes conv]t$ into phosphorus p5ta*loride 7,p,cl71 :i* also is conv5i5tly prep>$ by pass+ *lor9e ?r\gh a solution ( phosphorus 9 c>bon bisulphide1 ! solution be+ kept cold2 x is cry/all9e1 smells /rongly1 & attacks ! eyes & lungs4 ,) excess ( wat] x decomposes into phosphoric acid & hydro*loric acid3 ) slight addition ( wat] x =ms phosphorus oxy*loride 7,p,o,cl74 ,on ! l>ge scale ?is is prep>$ by r$uction ( phosphate ( lime 9 ! pres5ce ( *lor9e ) c>bon or c>bonic oxide4 ,phosphorus oxy*loride1 a col\rless liquid1 fumes 9 ! air & is decompos$ by wat] into phosphoric acid & hydro*loric acid4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( *lorides ( phosphorus1 ap>t f ! dang] ( *lor9e gas & hydro*loric acid1 ! poison\s effect ( phosphorus & its comp\nds 7see ,phosphorus7 & ev5 ( c>bon disulphide 7z ! solv5t ( phosphorus7 & ( c>bonic oxide 79 ! prep>ation ( phosphorus oxy*loride7 h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,fur!r1 ! halog5 comp\nds ( phosphorus ex]t irritant action on ! eyes & lungs simil> to *loride ( sulphur z a result ( _! splitt+ up on ! moi/ muc\s membranes into hydro*loric acid & an oxyacid ( phosphorus4#d ,unless1 !re=e1 special measures are tak51 ! p]sons employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( phosphorus *lorides suff] m>k$ly f ! injuri\s emanations giv5 (f4#e ,leymann#f m5tions "o case ( poison+ by phosphorus *loride z hav+ occurr$ 9 ! factory describ$ by him4 ,by a defect 9 ! outlet arrangem5t phosphorus oxy*loride fl[$ into a workroom4 ,symptoms ( poison+ 7s5sation ( suffocation1 difficulty ( brea?+1 la*rymation1 c47 at once attack$ ! occupants2 be=e mu* gas _h escap$1 ! work]s ru%$ out4 ,nev]!less1 !y suff]$ f sev]e illness ( ! respiratory organs 7bron*ial cat>rh & inflammation ( ! lungs1 ) fro?y1 blood-/a9$ expectoration1 c474#g ,*lorides ( sulphur4--,mono*loride ( sulphur 7,s,cl7 is made by pass+ dri$1 wa%$ *lor9e gas into molt5 heat$ sulphur4 ,! oily1 br[n1 fum+ liquid ?us made is di/ill$ ov] into a cool$ cond5s] & by r$i/illation purifi$ f ! sulphur c>ri$ ov] ) x4 ,sulphur mono*loride c take up mu* sulphur1 & :5 saturat$ is us$ 9 ! vulcanisation ( indi>ubb]1 &1 fur!r1 is us$ to conv]t l9se$ & beetroot oil into a rubb] sub/itute4 ,mono*loride ( sulphur is decompos$ by wat] into sulphur dioxide1 hydro*loric acid1 & sulphur4 ,by fur!r action ( *lor9e on ! mono*loride1 sulphur di*loride 7,s,cl7 & ! tetra*loride 7,s,cl7 are =m$4 ,9 its prep>ation & use 7see also ,indi>ubb] ,manufacture7 ! injuri\s action ( *lor9e1 ( hydro*loric acid1 & ( sulphur dioxide comes into play4 ,! mono*loride has v irritat+ effects4 ,leymann cites an indu/rial case ( poison+ by x4 ,9 ! ,g]man factory inspectors' reports = #ahig a fatal case is record$4 ,! %irt ( a work] became saturat$ ) ! mat]ial ow+ to ! bur/+ ( a bottle4 ,fir/ aid 0 r5d]$ by p\r+ wat] ov] him1 !reby increas+ ! symptoms1 :i* prov$ fatal ! next day4 ,?us ! decomposition br\ght ab\t by wat] already ref]r$ to aggravat$ ! symptoms4 ,z9c *loride 7,zn,cl7 is =m$ by heat+ z9c 9 pres5ce ( *lor9e4 ,x is obta9$ pure by dissolv+ pure z9c 9 hydro*loric acid & treat+ ?is solution ) *lor9e4 ,z9c *loride is obta9$ on ! l>ge scale by dissolv+ furnace calam9e 7z9c oxide7 9 hydro*loric acid4 ,z9c *loride is corrosive4 ,x is us$ = impregnat+ wood & 9 weight+ goods4 ,besides possible injury to heal? f *lor9e & hydrog5 *loride1 risk ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+ is pres5t 9 ! manufacture if ! raw mat]ials conta9 ars5ic4 ,eul5burg consid]s t 9 sold]+ oppressive z9c *loride fumes may come (f if ! metal to be sold]$ is fir/ wip$ ) hydro*loric acid & !n treat$ ) ! sold]+ iron4 ,rock salt4--,m5tion may be made t ev5 to salt 9 comb9ation ) o!r *lorides 7calcium *loride1 magnesium *loride1 c47 injuri\s effects are ascrib$4 ,ulc]s & p]=ation ( ! septum ( ! nose 9 salt-gr9d]s & pack]s :o 7 work+ 9 a room *>g$ ) salt du/ are describ$4#h ,^! effects are simil> to ^? produc$ by ! bi*romates4 ,organic ,*lor9e ,comp\nds ,c>bon oxy*loride 7,c,o,cl1 c>bonyl di*loride1 phosg5e7 is produc$ by direct comb9ation ( *lor9e & c>bonic oxide 9 pres5ce ( animal *>coal4 ,phosg5e is itself a v poison\s gas :i*1 9 addition to ! poison\s qualities ( c>bonic oxide 7:i* h to be borne 9 m9d 9 view ( ! me?od ( manufacture71 acts z an irritant ( ! muc\s membranes4 ,comm]cially x is 9 solution 9 tolu5e & xyl5e1 f :i* ! gas is readily driv5 (f by heat+4 ,x is us$ 9 ! production ( v>i\s col\rs1 su* z cry/al violet1 ,victoria blue1 auram9e1 c4 ,a fatal case ( phosg5e gas poison+ 9 ! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aije des]ves m5tion4 ,! phosg5e 0 kept 9 a liquefi$ /ate 9 iron bottles provid$ ) a valve "u #bc atm4 pressure4 ,! valve ( "o ( ^! bottles leak$1 all[+ l>ge escape into ! workroom4 ,two work]s tri$ b fail$ to secure ! valve4 ,! cyl9d] 0 !re=e remov$ by a work]1 by ord] ( ! manag]1 & plac$ 9 a cool+ mixture1 z phosg5e boils at #h ,c4 ,! man 9 "q wore a helmet into :i* air 0 pump$ f ! compress$ air supply 9 ! factory4 ,z ! helmet became obscur$ ?r\gh moi/ure aft] five m9utes ! work] took x (f4 ,a =eman next put on ! clean$ mask1 & kept ! cyl9d] surr\nd$ ) ice & salt = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 ?us /opp+ ! escape ( gas4 ,mean:ile1 ! fir/ work] _h aga9 ent]$ ! room1 we>+ a clo? soak$ 9 dilute alcohol be=e 8 m\?1 9 ord] to take a sack ( salt to ! =eman4 ,an h\r & a half lat] he compla9$ ( be+ v ill1 became worse dur+ ! night1 & di$ ! foll[+ morn+4 ,al?\gh ! deceas$ may h be5 extremely susceptible1 ! case af=ds suffici5t pro( ( ! dang]\s nature ( ! gas1 :i* 9 pres5ce ( moi/ure _h decompos$ into c>bonic acid & hydro*loric acid2 ! latt] _h acutely attack$ ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages & set up fatal bron*itis4 ,fur!r1 x 0 f\nd t ! lead5 plugs ( ! valves _h be5 erod$ by ! phosg5e4 ,?ree fur!r cases ( indu/rial phosg5e poison+ h be5 report$1#i "o a sev]e case 9 :i* !re 0 bron*itis ) blood-/a9$ expectoration1 great dyspna1 & weakness ( ! he>t's action4 ,! affect$ p]son 0 successfully treat$ ) e!r & oxyg5 inhalations4 ,phosg5e may act ei!r z ! :ole molecule1 or is inhal$ to su* degree t ! c>bonic oxide elem5t plays a "p4 ,9 ano!r case ( indu/rial phosg5e poison+ ! symptoms 7 ^? ( sev]e irritation ( ! bron*ial muc\s membrane & difficulty ( brea?+4#aj ,! case recov]$1 al?\gh s5sitiv5ess ( ! air passages la/$ a long "t4 ,c>bon *lor9e comp\nds 7aliphatic s]ies74--,me?yl *loride 7,,*,cl7 or *lorme?ane is prep>$ f me?yl alcohol & hydro*loric acid 7) *loride ( z9c7 or me?yl alcohol1 salt1 & sulphuric acid4 ,x is prep>$ 9 ,france on a l>ge scale f beetroot v9asse by dry di/illation ( ! evaporation residue4 ,! di/illate1 :i* conta9s me?yl alcohol1 trime?ylam9e1 & o!r me?ylat$ am9es1 is heat$ ) hydro*loric acid2 ! me?yl *loride s obta9$ is purifi$1 dri$ & compress$4 ,x is us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( pure *lor(orm1 9 ! coal-t> dye indu/ry1 & 9 surg]y 7z a local an/hetic74 ,9 ! prep>ation ( me?yl *loride !re is risk f me?yl alcohol1 trime?ylam9e1 c4 ,me?yl *loride itself is injuri\s to heal?4 ,me?yl5e *loride 7,,*,cl1 di*lorme?ane7 is prep>$ 9 a simil> way4 ,x is v poison\s4 ,c>bon tetra*loride 7,c,cl1 tetra*lorme?ane7 is te*nically important4 ,x is prep>$ by pass+ *lor9e gas into c>bon bisulphide ) antimony or alum9ium *loride4 ,c>bon tetra*loride is a liquid suitable = ! extraction ( fat or grease 7z 9 *emical clean+71 & has ! advantage ( be+ non-inflammable4 ,c>bon tetra*loride1 s f> z its poison\s qualities are conc]n$1 is to be pref]r$ to o!r extractives 7see ,c>bon ,bisulphide1 ,b5z9e1 c472 = ! re/ x causes unconsci\sness simil> to *lor(orm4 ,:5 manufactur$ indu/rially1 9 addition to ! poison\s effect ( *lor9e1 ! poison\s c>bon bisulphide has also to be borne 9 m9d4 ,e?yl *loride 7,c,h,cl7 is made 9 a way analog\s to me?yl *loride by ! action ( hydro*loric acid on e?yl alcohol & *loride ( z9c4 ,x is us$ 9 m$ic9e z a n>cotic4 ,mono*loracetic acid4--,9 ! prep>ation ( mono*loracetic acid hydro*loric acid is develop$ 9 l>ge quantity4 ,f x & an?ranilic acid artificial indigo is prep>$ 7accord+ to ,heuman7 by means ( cau/ic pota%4 ,*loral 7,c,cl,,*o1 tri*loracetaldehyde7 is produc$ by *lor9at+ alcohol4 ,*loral is us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( pure *lor(orm & 7by addition ( wat]7 ( *loral hydrate 7tri*loracetaldehyde hydrate71 ! well-kn[n soporific4 ,*lor(orm 7,c,h,cl1 tri*lorme?ane74--,"s me?ods = ! prep>ation ( *lor(orm h be5 already m5tion$ 7,*loral1 ,me?yl ,*loride74 ,te*nically x is prep>$ by di/illation ( alcohol or acetone ) blea*+ p[d]4 ,! work]s employ$ are said to be affect$ by ! /upefy+ vap\rs4 ,fur!r1 !re is ! risk ( *lor9e gas f use ( *loride ( lime4 ,*loride ( nitrog5 7,n,cl7 is an oily1 volatile1 v explosive1 /rongly smell+ sub/ance1 :i* irritates ! eyes & nose viol5tly & is 9 e respect dang]\s2 x is obta9$ f ! action ( *lor9e or hypo*lor\s acid on sal-ammoniac4 ,! poison\s nature ( ^! sub/ances may come into play4 ,risk ( =mation ( *loride ( nitrog5 c arise 9 ! production ( gunp[d] f nitre conta9+ *lor9e4 ,cyanog5 *loride 7,c,n,cl74--,cyanog5 *loride is made f hydrocyanic acid or cyanide ( m]cury & *lor9e4 ,cyanog5 *loride itself is an extremely poison\s & irritat+ gas1 & all ! sub/ances f :i* x is made are also poison\s4 ,accord+ to ,albre*t cyanog5 *loride c arise 9 ! prep>ation ( r$ prussiate ( pota% 7by passage ( *lor9e gas into a solution ( ! yell[ prussiate7 if ! solution is treat$ ) *lor9e 9 excess2 ! work]s may ?us be expos$ to great dang]4 ,*lorob5z5e4--,9 8 pap] ref]r$ to ,leymann cites ?ree cases ( poison+ by *lorob5z5e1 "o by d9itro*lorob5z5e1 &1 fur!r1 ?ree cases ( burn+ by *lorob5z5e & "o by b5zoyl *loride 7,c,h,c,o,cl74 ,! la/ nam$ is made by treat+ b5zaldehyde ) *lor9e1 & irritates sev]ely ! muc\s membranes1 :ile decompos+ into hydro*loric acid & b5zoic acid4#aa ,b5zal *loride 7,c,h,c,h,cl71 b5zo tri*loride 7,c,h,c,cl71 & b5zyl *loride 7,c,h,,*,cl7 are obta9$ by action ( *lor9e on boil+ tolu5e4 ,! vap\rs ( ^! volatile products irritate ! respiratory passages4 ,9 ! manufacture !re is risk f ! effect ( *lor9e gas & tolu5e vap\r 7see ,b5z5e1 ,tolu5e74 ,leymann#ab describes 9 detail six cases ( poison+ 9 p]sons employ$ 9 a *lorob5z5e indu/ry1 ( :i* two 7 due to nitro*lorob5z5e4 ,symptoms ( poison+--heada*e1 cyanosis1 fa9t+1 c4--7 not$ 9 a p]son work+ = ?ree weeks ) *lorob5z5e4#ac ,9 ,lehmann's op9ion *lor9e ra%1 ! well-recognis$ sk9 affection ( *lor9e work]s1 may be due to contact ) sub/ances ( ! *lorb5zol gr\p4#ad ,iod9e & iod9e comp\nds4--,=m]ly iod9e 0 obta9$ almo/ exclusively f ! liquor =m$ by lixiviation ( ! a% ( seawe$ 7kelp1 c472 n[ ! pr9cipal s\rces are ! "m liquors f ,*ili saltpetre & o!r salt indu/ries4 ,f ! conc5trat$ liquor ! iod9e is set free by means ( *lor9e or oxidis+ sub/ances & purifi$ by di/illation & sublimation4 ,iod9e is us$ = ! prep>ation ( photographic & ph>maceutical prep>ations1 especially iod(orm 7tri-iodome?ane1 ,,*i71 :i* is made by act+ ) iod9e & cau/ic pota% on alcohol1 aldehyde1 acetone1 c4 ,ap>t f possible injuri\s action ( *lor9e :5 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( iod9e1 work]s are expos$ to ! possibility ( *ronic iod9e poison+4 ,accord+ to ,as*]#ae irritation effects1 n]v\s symptoms1 & ga/ric ulc]ation occur 9 iod9e manufacture & use4 ,he consid]s t bromide ( iod9e us$ 9 photography produces ^! irritat+ effects mo/ m>k$ly4 ,layet & also ,*evalli] 9 old] lit]ature h made ! same obs]vations4 ,! ,swiss ,factory ,inspectors' ,report = #ahij-a describes two acute cases ( iod9e poison+ 9 a factory :]e organic iod9e comp\nds 7 made2 "o t]m9at$ fatally 7sev]e c]ebral symptoms1 gidd9ess1 diplopia1 & collapse74 ,brom9e & brom9e comp\nds4--,brom9e is obta9$ 7z 9 ! case ( iod9e7 pr9cipally f ! "m liquors ( salt works 7especially ,/assfurt sal9e deposits7 by ! action ( *lor9e or nasc5t oxyg5 on ! bromides ( ! alkalis & alkal9e e>?s 9 ! liquors4 ,!y are *iefly us$ 9 photography 7silv] bromide71 9 m$ic9e 7potassium bromide1 c471 & 9 ! coal-t> dye indu/ry4 ,! dang] ( brom9e poison+ 7especially ( ! *ronic =m7 is pres5t 9 its manufacture & use1 b !re is no positive evid5ce ( ! appe>ance ( ! brom9e ra% among ! work]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 in/ances are record$ ( poison+ by me?yl bromide1 & ! injuri\s effect ( bromide ( iod9e has be5 ref]r$ to4 ,me?yl iodide & me?yl bromide4--,me?yl iodide 7,,*,i71 a volatile fluid1 is obta9$ by di/illation ( wood _s ) amorph\s phosphorus & iod9e2 x is us$ 9 ! production ( me?ylat$ t> col\rs & = ! production ( v>i\s me?yl5e comp\nds4 ,gr&homme describes1 9 ! pap] already ref]r$ to1 six cases1 "s v sev]e1 ( poison+ by ! vap\r ( me?yl iodide among work]s engag$ 9 ! prep>ation ( antipyr91 :i* is obta9$ by ! action ( aceto-acetic e!r on ph5yl hydraz9e1 treatm5t ( ! pyrazolone s obta9$ ) me?yl iodide1 & decomposition ( ! product ) cau/ic soda4 ,a case ( me?yl iodide poison+ is describ$ 9 a factory op]ative1 :o %[$ symptoms simil> to ^? describ$ = me?yl bromide except t ! psy*ical di/urbance 0 m m>k$4#af ,?ree cases ( me?yl bromide 7,,*,br7 poison+ are describ$ 9 p]sons prep>+ ! comp\nd4#ag ,"o ( ^! t]m9at$ fatally4 ,!re is "s d\bt z to :e!r ^! cases 7 really me?yl bromide poison+4 ,b lat] cases ( me?yl bromide poison+ are kn[n1 & h5ce ! dang]\s nature ( ?is *emical comp\nd is und\bt$4 ,?us ! ,report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijd gives ! foll[+ in/ance3 ,two work]s :o _h to deal ) an e!real solution ( me?yl bromide became ill ) symptoms ( alcoholic intoxication4 ,"o suff]$ = a long "t f n]v\s excitability1 attacks ( gidd9ess1 & dr[s9ess4 ,o!r cases ( poison+ f me?yl bromide vap\r are record$ ) sev]e n]v\s symptoms & ev5 collapse4 ,fluor9e comp\nds4--,hydrog5 fluoride 7,h,fl7 comm]cially is a wat]y solution1 :i* is prep>$ by decomposition ( p[d]$ fluorsp> by sulphuric acid 9 ca/-iron vessels ) lead hoods4 ,! escap+ fumes are collect$ 9 lead5 cond5s]s surr\nd$ ) wat]2 sometimes to get a v pure product x is r$i/ill$ 9 plat9um vessels4 ,hydrog5 fluoride is us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! fluorides ( antimony1 ( :i* antimony fluoride ammonium sulphate 7,sb,fl7,,nh7,,s7 has wide use 9 dye+ z a sub/itute = t>t> emetic4 ,x is produc$ by dissolv+ oxide ( antimony 9 hydr(luoric acid ) addition ( ammonium sulphate & subsequ5t conc5tration & cry/allisation4 ,hydr(luoric acid is us$ = et*+ glass 7see also ,glass ,indu/ry74 ,9 brew+1 an unpurifi$ silico-fluoric acid mix$ ) silicic acid1 clay1 oxide ( iron1 & oxide ( z9c call$ ,saluf] is us$ z a dis9fectant & pres]vative4 ,hydr(luoric acid & silic(luoric acid 7,h,si,fl7 arise fur!r 9 ! sup]phosphate indu/ry by ! action ( sulphuric acid on ! phosphorites :]eby silic(luoric acid is obta9$ z a bye-product 7see also ,manufacture ( ,artificial ,manure74 ,hydr(luoric acid & its d]ivatives bo? 9 _! manufacture & use & 9 ! sup]phosphate indu/ry affect ! heal? ( ! work]s4 ,if hydrog5 fluoride or its comp\nds escape into ! atmosph]e !y attack ! respiratory passages & set up inflammation ( ! eyes2 fur!r1 work]s h&l+ ! wat]y solutions are prone to sk9 affections 7ulc]ation74 ,! foll[+ are examples ( ! effects produc$4#ah ,a work] 9 an art e/abli%m5t upset a bottle ( hydr(luoric acid & wett$ ! inn] side ( a f+] ( ! "r h&4 ,al?\gh he imm$iately wa%$ 8 h&s1 a pa9ful inflammation ) =mation ( bli/]s simil> to a burn ( ! second degree came on )9 a few h\rs4 ,! bli/] became infect$ & suppurat$4 ,a man & 8 wife wi%$ to oblit]ate ! pr9t+ on ! top ( porcela9 be] bottle /opp]s ) hydr(luoric acid4 ,! man took a clo?1 moi/5$ a corn] ( x1 & !n rubb$ ! writ+ (f4 ,aft] a %ort "t he notic$ a slight burn+ s5sation & /opp$4 ,8 wife1 :o wore an old kid glove 9 do+ ! "w1 suff]$ f ! same symptoms1 ! pa9 f :i* 9 ! night became unbe>able1 & 9 spite ( m$ical treatm5t gangr5e ( ! f+]-tips ensu$4 ,heal+ took place ) suppuration & loss ( ! f+]-nails4 ,injury ( ! respiratory passages by hydr(luoric acid has (t5 be5 report$4 ,9 "o factory = its manufacture ! hydr(luoric acid vap\r 0 s great t all ! w9d[s to a height ( #h metres 7 et*$ dull4 ,sev]al cases ( poison+ by hydr(luoric acid 7 not$ by me :5 exam9+ ! c]tificates ( ! ,sick ,insurance ,society ( ,bohemia4 ,9 #aijf !re 7 f\r due to inhalation ( vap\r ( hydr(luoric acid 9 a hydr(luoric acid factory1 ) symptoms ( corrosive action on ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory tract4 ,9 #aijg !re 0 a sev]e case 9 ! et*+ ( glass4#ai ,,nitric ,,acid4 ,,manufacture ,,& ,,uses4--,nitric acid 7,,hno7 is obta9$ by di/illation :5 ,*ili saltpetre 7sodium nitrate7 is decompos$ by sulphuric acid 9 ca/-iron retorts accord+ to ! equation3 ,na,n,o ,h,,s ,na,h,s,o ,,hno4 ,cond5sation takes place 9 fireclay ,w\lff bottles connect$ to a coke t[] 9 ! same way z has be5 describ$ 9 ! manufacture ( hydro*loric acid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,prep>ation ( ,nitric ,acid 7aft] ,o/7 ,lunge-,rohrmann plate t[]s are also us$ in/ead ( ! coke t[]4 ,e>!nw>e fans--z is ! case ) acid gases g5]ally--s]ve to aspirate ! nitr\s fumes4 ,to free ! nitric acid ( ! accompany+ l[] oxides ( nitrog5 7z well z *lor9e1 comp\nds ( *lor9e & o!r impurities7 air is bl[n into ! hot acid4 ,! mixture ( sodium sulphate & sodium bisulphate rema9+ 9 ! retorts is ei!r conv]t$ into sulphate by addition ( salt or us$ 9 ! manufacture ( glass4 ,! nitric acid obta9$ is us$ ei!r z su* or mix$ ) sulphuric acid or ) hydro*loric acid4 ,pure nitric acid _c at ord9>y atmosph]ic pressure be di/ill$ unalt]$1 becomes col\r$ on di/illation1 & turns r$ :5 expos$ to light4 ,x is extremely dang]\s to h&le1 z x sets light to /raw1 = example1 if long 9 contact ) x4 ,x mu/ be pack$1 !re=e1 9 kieselguhr e>?1 & :5 9 glass c>boys =w>d$ only 9 tra9s = transport ( inflammable mat]ial4 ,r$1 fum+ nitric acid1 a crude nitric acid1 conta9s mu* nitr\s & nitric oxides4 ,x is produc$ if 9 ! di/illation process less sulphuric acid & a high] temp]ature are employ$ or 7by r$uction7 if />* meal is add$4 ,! successful production ( nitric acid f ! air mu/ be ref]r$ to4 ,x is effect$ by electric dis*>ges 9 special furnaces f :i* ! air *>g$ ) nitr\s gas is l$ into t[]s :]e ! nitric oxide is fur!r oxidis$ 7to tetroxide71 & f9ally1 by contact ) wat]1 conv]t$ into nitric acid4 ,nitric acid is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( phosphoric acid1 ars5i\s acid1 & sulphuric acid1 nitro-glyc]9 & nitrocellulose1 smokeless p[d]1 c4 7see ! section on ,explosives71 9 ! prep>ation ( nitrob5z5es1 picric acid1 & o!r nitro-comp\nds 7see ,t> ,products1 c474 ,! dilut$ acid s]ves = ! solution & et*+ ( metals1 also = ! prep>ation ( nitrates1 su* z ! nitrates ( m]cury1 silv]1 c4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,leymann consid]s t ! av]age numb] ( cases & duration ( sickness among p]sons employ$ 9 ! nitric acid indu/ry are g5]ally on ! increase2 ! increase relates almo/ entirely to burns :i* c h>dly be avoid$ ) s /rongly corrosive an acid4 ,! numb] ( burns am\nts almo/ to #ab p] c5t4 accord+ to ,leymann's figures 7i4e4 on an av]age #ab burns p] #ajj work]s71 :ile among ! pack]s1 day lab\r]s1 c41 9 ! same indu/ry ! proportion is only #a p] c5t4 ,affections ( ! respiratory tract are fairly frequ5t 7#aah p] c5t4 z comp>$ ) #hh p] c5t4 ( o!r work]s71 :i* is no d\bt to be ascrib$ to ! corrosive action ( nitr\s fumes on ! muc\s membranes4 ,escape ( acid fumes c occur 9 ! manufacture ( nitric acid ?\gh leaky retorts1 pipes1 c41 & injuri\s acid fumes may be develop$ 9 ! workrooms f ! bisulphate :5 )drawn f ! retorts1 :i* is especially ! case :5 excess ( sulphuric acid is us$4 ,! poison\s nature ( ^! fumes is v great1 z is %[n by cases 9 :i* sev]e poison+ has be5 report$ f m]ely c>ry+ a vessel conta9+ fum+ nitric acid4#a ,frequ5t accid5ts occur ?r\gh ! corrosive action ( ! acid or f brea?+ ! acid fumes--ap>t f ! dang]s m5tion$ 9 ! manufacture--9 fill+1 pack+1 & despat*+ ! acid--especially if appropriate vessels are n us$ & !y break4 ,( su* accid5ts sev]al are report$4 ,fur!r1 reports ( sev]e poison+ f ! use ( nitric acid are num]\s4 ,inhalation ( nitr\s fumes 7nitr\s & nitric oxides1 c47 does n imm$iately cause sev]e symptoms or dea?2 sev]e symptoms t5d to come on "s h\rs lat]1 z ! examples cit$ bel[ %[4 ,occurr5ce ( su* poison+ has already be5 ref]r$ to :5 describ+ ! sulphuric acid indu/ry4 ,9 ! sup]phosphate indu/ry also poison+ has occurr$ by accid5tal developm5t ( nitric oxide fumes on sodium nitrate mix+ ) v acid sup]phosphate4 ,n unfrequ5tly poison+ arises 9 pickl+ metals 7belt mak+1 pickl+ brass2 cf4 ! *apt] on ,treatm5t ( ,metals74 ,poison+ by nitr\s fumes has frequ5tly be5 report$ f ! action ( nitric acid on organic sub/ances :]eby ! l[] oxides ( nitrog5--nitr\s & nitric oxides--are giv5 (f4 ,su* action ( nitric acid or ( a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acid on organic sub/ances is us$ = nitrat+ purposes 7see ,nitroglyc]92 ,explosives2 ,nitrob5zol74 ,?r\gh want ( c>e1 !re=e1 poison+ c arise 9 ^! indu/ries4 ,aga91 ?is dang] is pres5t on accid5tal contact ( escap+ acid ) organic sub/ances 7wood1 pap]1 lea!r1 c471 z %[n especially by fires ?us creat$4#b ,?us1 9 a cell> 7 five l>ge iron vessels conta9+ a mixture ( sulphuric & nitric acids4 ,"o ( ! vessels 0 f\nd "o morn+ to be leak+4 ,! manag] direct$ t smoke helmets %\ld be fet*$1 int5d+ to pump out ! acid1 & two plumb]s w5t into ! cell> to fix ! pump1 /ay+ !re ab\t tw5ty-five m9utes4 ,!y us$ cotton wa/e & h&k]*iefs z respirators1 b did n put on ! smoke helmets4 ,"o plumb] suff]$ only f c\gh1 b ! o!r di$ ! same ev5+ ) symptoms ( great dyspna4 ,at ! autopsy sev]e inflammation & swell+ ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! palate1 ph>ynx & air passages1 & conge/ion ( ! lungs 7 f\nd4 ,two fur!r fatal cases 9 ! nitrat+ room are describ$ by ,holtzmann4 ,"o ( ! two compla9$ only a few h\rs aft] ent]+ ! room ( pa9s 9 ! *e/ & gidd9ess4 ,he di$ two days lat]4 ,! o!r di$ ! day aft] ent]+ ! factory1 :]e he _h only work$ = ?ree h\rs4 ,9 bo? cases int5se swell+ & inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane 0 f\nd4 ,holtzmann m5tions cases ( poison+ by nitr\s fumes 9 ! heat+ ( an artificial manure consi/+ ( a mixture ( saltpetre1 br[n coal conta9+ sulphur1 & wool wa/e4 ,fatalities h be5 report$ 9 work]s :o _h tri$ to mop up ! spilt nitric acid ) %av+s4#c ,we quote ! foll[+ o!r in/ances#d3 7#a7 ,fatal poison+ ( a fireman :o _h rescu$ sev]al p]sons f a room fill$ ) nitr\s fumes ! result ( a fire occasion$ by ! upsett+ ( a c>boy4 ,! rescu$ suff]$ f bron*ial cat>rh1 ! rescu] dy+ f inflammation & conge/ion ( ! lungs tw5ty-n9e h\rs aft] ! inhalation ( ! gas4 7#b7 ,at a fire 9 a *emical factory ?ree (fic]s & fifty-sev5 firem5 became affect$ f inhalation ( nitr\s fumes1 ( :om "o di$4 7#c7 ,9 ,elb]feld on an op5 piece ( gr\nd fifty c>boys 7 /or$4 ,"o bur/ & />t$ a fire4 ,z a /rong w9d 0 bl[+ ! firem5 7 little affect$ by ! volumes ( r$di% fumes4 ,soon aft]w>ds at ! same spot "s fifty to sixty c>boys 7 de/roy$4 ,fifte5 m5 successfully ext+ui%$ ! fire 9 a relatively /ill atmosph]e 9 less ?an half an h\r4 ,at fir/ h>dly any symptoms ( discom=t 7 felt4 ,?ree h\rs lat] all 7 seiz$ ) viol5t suffocative attacks1 :i* 9 "o case prov$ fatal & 9 ! re/ entail$ n9e to t5 days' illness f affection ( ! respiratory organs4 ,! ,report ( ! ,union = ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijh describes a simil> accid5t 9 a nitro-cellulose factory4 ,( ^? engag$ 9 ext+ui%+ ! fire tw5ty-two 7 affect$1 & 9 spite ( m$ical treatm5t & use ( ! oxyg5 app>atus ?ree di$4 ,f ! same s\rce we quote ! foll[+ examples3 ,9 a d5itrat+ in/allation 7see ,nitro-glyc]92 ,explosives7 a man 0 engag$ 9 bl[+1 by means ( compress$ air1 weak nitric acid f a /onew>e vessel sunk 9 ! gr\nd into a wa%+ t[]4 ,z ! :ole sy/em 0 already "u high pressure ! vessel sudd5ly explod$1 & 9 do+ s sma%$ a wood5 vat conta9+ simil> acid1 :i* spilt on ! gr\nd ) sudd5 developm5t ( tetroxide vap\rs4 ,! man inhal$ mu* gas1 b except = pa9s 9 ! *e/ felt no s]i\s symptoms at ! "t & cont9u$ to "w ! foll[+ day4 ,dea? occurr$ ! next ev5+ f sev]e dyspna4 ,a some:at simil> case occurr$ 9 ! nitrat+ room ( a dynamite factory 9 connection ) ! clean+ ( a wa/e acid egg2 ! vessel _h = sev]al days be5 repeat$ly wa%$ out ) wat] made alkal9e ) unslak$ lime4 ,two m5 !n 9 turn got into ! egg 9 ord] to remove ! lime & lead deposit1 compress$ air be+ cont9u\sly bl[n 9 ?r\gh ! manhole4 ,! =eman rema9$ ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r & f9i%$ ! clean+ )\t feel+ unwell4 ,difficulty ( brea?+ came on 9 ! ev5+1 & dea? ensu$ on ! foll[+ day4 ,9 ano!r case a work] 0 engag$ 9 wa%+ nitroxyl5e :51 ?r\gh a leak1 a portion ( ! cont5ts collect$ 9 a pit bel[4 ,he !n climb$ into ! pit & scoop$ ! nitroxyl5e :i* _h escap$ into j>s4 ,?is "w took ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & aft]w>ds he compla9$ ( difficulty ( brea?+ & di$ ?irty-six h\rs lat]4#e ,a work] aga9 _h to control a valve regulat+ ! fl[ to two l>ge vessels s]v+ to heat or cool ! nitrat$ liquid4 ,bo? vessels 7 provid$ ) pressure gauges & op5 at ! top4 ,?r\gh c>elessness "o ( ! vessels ran ov]1 & in/ead ( leav+ ! room aft] clos+ ! valve1 ! man tri$ to get rid ( ! traces ( 8 error1 rema9+ 9 ! atmosph]e *>g$ ) ! fumes1#f & 0 poison$4 ,nitric & ,nitr\s ,salts & ,comp\nds ,:5 dissolv+ 9 nitric acid ! sub/ances necess>y = mak+ ! v>i\s nitrates1 nitric & nitr\s oxides escape4 ,9 c]ta9 cases nitric & hydro*loric acids are us$ toge!r to dissolve metals su* z plat9um & gold & f]ric oxides1 :5 *lor9e z well z nitr\s oxide escapes4 ,m5tion is necess>y ( ! foll[+3 ,b>ium nitrate 7,ba7,,no77 is prep>$ z a col\rless cry/all9e sub/ance by act+ on b>ium c>bonate or b>ium sulphide ) nitric acid4 ,use is made ( x 9 fireworks 7gre5 fire7 & explosives4 ,9 analog\s way /rontium nitrate 7,sr7,,no77 is made & us$ = r$ fire4 ,ammonium nitrate 7,,nh,,no71 a col\rless cry/all9e sub/ance1 is obta9$ by neutralis+ nitric acid ) ammonia or ammonium c>bonate1 & is also made by dissolv+ iron or t9 9 nitric acid4 ,x is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( explosives4 ,lead nitrate 7,pb7,,no771 a col\rless cry/all9e sub/ance1 is made by dissolv+ lead oxide or c>bonate 9 nitric acid4 ,x is us$ 9 dye+ & calico pr9t+1 9 ! prep>ation ( *rome yell[ & o!r lead comp\nds1 & mix$ ) lead p]oxide 7obta9$ by treatm5t ( r$ lead ) nitric acid7 9 ! manufacture ( lucif] mat*es4 ,ap>t f risk f nitr\s fumes 7common to all ^! salts7 !re is risk also ( *ronic lead poison+4 ,nitrate ( iron 7,fe7,,no771 =m+ gre5 cry/als1 is made by dissolv+ sulphide ( iron or iron 9 cold dilute nitric acid4 ,! s-call$ nitrate ( iron commonly us$ 9 dye+ consi/s ( basic sulphate ( iron 7us$ l>gely 9 ! black dye+ ( silk74 ,copp] nitrate 7,cu7,,no771 prep>$ 9 a simil> way1 is also us$ 9 dye+4 ,m]cur\s nitrate 7,hg7,,no77 is ( great importance indu/rially1 & is produc$ by ! action ( cold dilute nitric acid on an excess ( m]cury4 ,x is us$ = #8c>ott+' rabbit sk9s 9 felt hat mak+1 = col\r+ horn1 = et*+1 & = =m+ an amalgam ) metals1 9 mak+ a black bronze on brass 7art metal71 9 pa9t+ on porcela91 c4 ,m]curic nitrate 7,hg7,,no77 is made by dissolv+ m]cury 9 nitric acid or by treat+ m]cury ) excess ( w>m nitric acid4 ,bo? ! m]cur\s & m]curic salts act z corrosives & are /rongly poison\s 7see also ,m]cury & ,hat ,manufacture74 ,nitrate ( silv] 7,ag,n,o7 is obta9$ by dissolv+ silv] 9 nitric acid & is us$ comm]cially z a cau/ic 9 ! well-kn[n cry/all9e p5cils 7lun> cau/ic74 ,its absorption into ! sy/em leads to accumulation ( silv] 9 ! sk9--! s-call$ argyria 7see ,silv]74 ,su* cases ( *ronic poison+ are record$ by ,lew94#g ,argyria occurs among photograph]s & especially 9 ! silv]+ ( glass pe>ls ow+ to introduction ( a silv] nitrate solution into ! /r+ ( pe>ls by suction4 ,9 nor!rn ,bohemia1 :]e ! glass pe>l indu/ry is c>ri$ on 9 ! homes ( ! work]s1 ,i saw a typical case4 ,! cases are n[ r>e1 z air pumps are us$ in/ead ( ! m\?4 ,sodium nitrite 7,na,n,o7 is obta9$ by melt+ ,*ili saltpetre ) metallic lead 9 ca/-iron vessels4 ,! mass is lixiviat$ & ! cry/als obta9$ on evaporation4 ,! lead oxide produc$ is specially suitable = mak+ r$ lead4 ,cases ( lead poison+ are frequ5t & sometimes sev]e4 ,ro?#h m5tions a factory :]e among #ajj employ$ !re 7 #baa attacks 9 a ye>4 ,amyl nitrite 7,c,h,,no7 is made by lead+ nitr\s fumes into iso-amyl alcohol & di/ill+ amyl alcohol ) potassium nitrite & sulphuric acid4 ,x is a yell[i% fluid1 ! fumes ( :i* :5 inhal$ produce ?robb+ ( ! bloodvessels 9 ! head & rapid pulse4 ,= o!r nitric acid comp\nds see ! foll[+ section on ,explosives & ! section on ,manufacture ( ,t> ,products 7,nitro-b5z5e1 c474 ,explosives ,num]\s explosives are made ) aid ( nitric acid or a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids4 ,injury to heal? & poison+--especially ?r\gh developm5t ( nitr\s fumes--c be caus$4 ,fur!r1 "s explosives are !mselves indu/rial poisons1 especially ^? giv+ (f volatile fumes or du/4 ,! mo/ important are3 ,fulm9ate ( m]cury 7,hg,c,n,o7 is probably to be reg>d$ z ! m]cury salt ( fulm9ic acid1 an isom] ( cyanic acid4 ,x is us$ to make caps = detonat+ gunp[d] & explosives1 & is made by dissolv+ m]cury 9 nitric acid & add+ alcohol4 ,! heavy :ite cry/als ( m]cury fulm9ate are filt]$ (f & dri$4 ,v injuri\s fumes are produc$ 9 ! reaction1 conta9+ e?yl acetate1 acetic acid1 e?yl nitrate1 nitr\s acid1 volatile hydrocyanic acid comp\nds1 hydrocyanic acid1 e?yl cyanide1 cyanic acid2 dea? consequ5tly c imm$iately ensue on inhalation ( l>ge quantities4 ,! fulm9ate is itself poison\s1 & risk is pres5t 9 filt]+1 press+1 dry+1 & granulat+ x4 ,fur!r1 9 fill+ ! caps 9 ! huts num]\s cases ( poison+ occur4 ,he9z]l+ ?9ks "h t m]cury fumes are develop$ by t9y explosions 9 ! press+ & fill+4 ,9 a factory 9 ,nuremburg #dj p] c5t4 ( ! wom5 employ$ are said to h suff]$ f m]curial poison+4 ,sev]al cases 9 a factory at ,m>seilles are record$ by ,neiss]4#i ,9 addition to ! risk f ! salt !re is ev5 m f nitr\s fumes1 :i* are produc$ 9 l>ge quantity 9 ! fulm9ate dep>tm5t4 ,nitro-glyc]9 7,c,h7,o--,,no71 dynamite1 explosive gelat9e74--,nitro-glyc]9 is made by action ( a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids on anhydr\s glyc]94 ,! me?od ( manufacture is z foll[s 7see fig4 #aj73 glyc]9 is all[$ to fl[ into ! acid mixture 9 lead5 vessels2 x is agitat$ by compress$ air & c>e tak5 t ! temp]ature rema9s at ab\t #bb ,c41 z above #be !re may be risk4 ,! liquid is !n run (f & sep>ates into two lay]s1 ! light] nitro-glyc]9 float+ on ! top ( ! acid4 ,! process is wat*$ ?r\gh glass w9d[s4 ,! nitro-glyc]9 ?us sep>at$ is run (f1 wa%$ by agitation ) compress$ air1 !n neutralis$ 7) soda solution7 & aga9 wa%$ & la/ly filt]$4 ,! acid mixture :i* 0 run (f is c>efully sep>at$ by /&+1 z any explosive oil conta9$ 9 x w rise up4 ,! wa/e acid fre$ f nitro-glyc]9 is recov]$ 9 special app>atus1 be+ d5itrifi$ by hot air & /eam bl[n ?r\gh x4 ,! nitr\s fumes are cond5s$ to nitric acid4 ,! sulphuric acid is evaporat$4 ,dynamite is made by mix+ nitro-glyc]9 ) infusorial e>? previ\sly heat$ to r$ness & purifi$4 ,bla/+ gelat9e is made by dissolv+ gun cotton 7collodion wool1 nitro-cellulose7 9 nitro-glyc]94 ,bo? are press$ into c>tridge %ape4 ,nitro-glyc]9 itself is a /rong poison :i* c be absorb$ bo? ?r\gh ! sk9 & f ! alim5t>y canal4 ,kob]t describes a case :]e ! rubb+ ( a s+le drop into ! sk9 caus$ symptoms la/+ = t5 h\rs4 ,workm5 engag$ 9 wa%+ out nitro-glyc]9 f ! kieselguhr e>?1 hav+ 9 do+ s _! b>e arms imm]s$ 9 ! liquid1 suff]$4 ,al?\gh x be grant$ t nitro-glyc]9 work]s become to a l>ge ext5t acclimatis$1 cases ( poison+ con/antly occur 9 explosives factories ref]able to ! effect ( nitro-glyc]94 ,p]sons mix+ & siev+ dynamite suff] f ulc]s "u ! nails & at ! f+]-tips :i* are difficult to heal4 ,fur!r1 :]e ! app>atus employ$ is n completely enclos$ nitr\s fumes escape & become a s\rce ( dang]4 ,=m]ly ?is dang] 0 con/antly pres5t 9 ! nitrat+ h\se :]e nitration 0 effect$ 9 op5 vessels4 ,n[ t ?is is usually done 9 clos$ nitrat+ app>atus ) glass cov]s ! dang] is ma9ly limit$ to ! acid sep>at+ h\se1 wa% h\se1 & especially ! room 9 :i* d5itration ( ! wa/e acids is effect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,prep>ation ( ,nitro-glyc]94 ,nitrat+ ,vessel 7aft] ,guttmann7 ,a ,glyc]9e res]voir2 ,c ,fume flue2 ,d ,acid supply pipe2 ,e1 ,g ,compress$ air supply2 ,h1 ,j ,cool+ coil4 ,a fatal case 9 a nitro-glyc]9 factory 0 report$ 9 #aijb :]e1 ?r\gh c>elessness1 a sep>ator _h ov]fl[$4 ,! workman :o tri$ to wa% away ! acid ) wat] inhal$ s mu* ( ! nitr\s fumes t he succumb$ sixte5 h\rs lat]4 ,o!r cases ( poison+ by nitr\s fumes occurr+ 9 ! d5itrat+ dep>tm5t are describ$ 9 detail 9 ! section on ! use ( nitric acid4 ,"o ( ^! occurr$ to a man =c+ dilute nitric acid f an e>!nw>e egg by means ( compress$ air into a wa%+ t[]4 ,! egg bur/ & broke an acid tank4 ,! workman di$ on ! foll[+ day4 ,a fatal case occurr$ 9 a dynamite factory 9 clean+ out a /orage tank = wa/e acid 9 spite ( previ\s swill+ & v5tilation4 ,gun cotton 7pyroxyl9e7 & its use4--,pyroxyl9e is ! collective "n = all products ( ! action ( nitric acid on cellulose 7cotton wool & simil> mat]ial72 ^! products =m nitric acid e/] ( cellulose 7nitro-cellulose74 ,gun cotton is =m$ by ! action ( /rong nitric acid on cellulose 7cotton wool74 ,a mixture ( sulphuric & nitric acids is all[$ to act on cotton wool 7previ\sly fre$ f grease1 purifi$1 & dri$71 ) subsequ5t press+ & c5trifugalis+4 ,9 ! nitrat+ c5trifugal ma*9e 79 ! ,selvig-,lange me?od7 bo? processes are effect$ at ! same "t4 ,! int]ior ( ?is app>atus is fill$ ) nitric acid1 cotton wool is introduc$1 ! acid fumes exhau/$ ?r\gh e>!nw>e pipes1 & ! rema9d] ( ! acid remov$ by ! c5trifugal ma*9e2 ! nitrat$ mat]ial is !n wa%$1 teaz$ 9 teaz+ ma*9es1 aga9 wa%$1 neutralis$ ) calcium c>bonate1 aga9 c5trifugalis$1 & dri$4 ,s9ce dry+ 9 dry+ /oves is a great s\rce ( dang] ( explosion1 dehydration is effect$ ) alcohol1 & ! gun cotton int5d$ = ! production ( smokeless p[d] c>ri$ directly to ! gelat9is+ vessels 7see ,smokeless ,p[d]74 ,gun cotton1 ap>t f its use = smokeless p[d]1 is press$ 9 prisms & us$ = *>g+ torp$oes & sea m9es4 ,collodion cotton is a p>tially nitrat$ cellulose4 ,x is prep>$ g5]ally 9 ! same way z gun cotton1 except t x is treat$ ) a m dilute acid4 ,x is soluble 79 contradi/9ction to gun cotton7 9 alcohol-e!r1 & ! solution is kn[n z collodion 7z us$ 9 surg]y1 photography1 & to impregnate inc&esc5t gas mantles74 ,mix$ ) camphor & heat$ collodion =ms celluloid4 ,9 ,*>donnet's me?od = mak+ artificial silk collodion is us$ by =c+ x ?r\gh f9e glass tubes & draw+ & sp9n+ x4 ,! alcohol-e!r vap\rs are c>ri$ away by fans & ! spun mat]ial is de-nitrat$ by ammonium sulphide4 ,smokeless p[d] is a gun cotton p[d]--t is gun cotton ! explosive p[] ( :i* is utilis$ by br++ x into a gelat9\s condition4 ,?is is effect$ by gelat9is+ ! gun cotton ) alcohol-e!r or acetone 7sometimes ) addition ( camphor1 res91 c474 ,a d\ghy1 pa/y mass results1 :i* is !n roll$1 wa%$1 dri$1 & press$ into rods4 ,nobel's nitroleum 7artill]y p[d]7 consi/s half ( nitro-glyc]9 & half ( collodion cotton4 ,9 ! production ( gun cotton & collodion cotton ! work]s are affect$ & endang]$ by nitric & nitr\s fumes unless ! nitrat+ app>atus is completely airtight4 ,erosion ( ! incisor tee? is g5]al1 b use ( ! new nitrat+ app>atus1 especially ( ! nitrat+ c5trifugal ma*9es already describ$1 has greatly dim9i%$ ! evil4 ,9 mak+ collodion1 celluloid & artificial silk1 9 addition to ! risks ref]r$ to 9 ! production ( gun cotton1 ! vap\r f ! solv5ts1 e!r1 alcohol1 acetone1 acetic-e!r1 & camphor1 comes into consid]ation1 b !re is no acc\nt ( su* poison+ 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject4 ,o!r explosives :i* belong to ! aromatic s]ies are describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,t> ,d]ivatives1 especially picric acid4 ,,phosphorus ,,& ,,phosphorus ,,mat*es ,! total production ( phosphorus is n l>ge4 ,=m]ly x 0 prep>$ f bone a%4 ,n[ x is made f phosphorite1 :i*1 z 9 ! sup]-phosphate indu/ry1 is decompos$ by means ( sulphuric acid1 soluble phosphate & calcium sulphate be+ =m$2 ! latt] is remov$1 ! solution evaporat$1 mix$ ) coal or coke p[d]1 di/ill$ 9 clay retorts1 & receiv$ 9 wat]4 ,phosphorus is also obta9$ electro-*emically f a mixture ( tricalcium phosphate1 c>bon1 & silicic acid1 re-di/ill$ = fur!r purification1 & f9ally p\r$ "u wat] into /ick =m4 ,r$ phosphorus 7amorph\s phosphorus7 is obta9$ by heat+ yell[ phosphorus 9 ! abs5ce ( air & subsequ5tly extract+ ) c>bon bisulphide4 ,phosphorus mat*es are made by fir/ fix+ ! wood5 spl9ts 9 frames & !n dipp+ ! ends ei!r into p>aff9 or sulphur :i* s]ve to c>ry ! flame to ! wood4 ,!n foll[s dipp+ 9 ! phosphorus pa/e prop]1 = :i* suitable dipp+ ma*9es are n[ us$4 ,! phosphorus pa/e consi/s ( yell[ phosphorus1 an oxidis+ ag5t 7r$ lead1 lead nitrate1 nitre1 or manganese dioxide7 & a b9d+ sub/ance 7dextr9e1 gum72 f9ally ! mat*es are dri$ & pack$4 ,safety mat*es are made 9 ! same way1 except t !re is no phosphorus4 ,! pa/e consi/s ( potassium *lorate1 sulphur1 or antimony sulphide1 potassium bi*romate1 solution ( gum or dextr9e1 & diff]5t admixtures su* z glass p[d]1 c4 ,^! mat*es are saturat$ ) p>aff9 or ammonium phosphate4 ,to /rike !m a special friction surface is requir$ conta9+ r$ phosphorus1 antimony sulphide1 & dextr9e4 ,9 ! act ( /rik+ ! heat g5]at$ conv]ts a trace ( ! r$ phosphorus into ! yell[ v>iety :i* takes fire4 ,dang] to heal? arises f ! poison\s gases evolv$ 9 ! decomposition ( ! calc9$ bones by sulphuric acid4 ,:5 phosphorus is made f phosphorite ! same dang]s to heal? are pres5t z 9 ! production ( sup]-phosphate artificial manure1 :i* is *>act]is$ by ! g5]ation ( hydr(luoric & fluosilicic acids4 ,9 ! di/illation ( phosphorus phosphorett$ hydrog5 & phosphorus fumes may escape & prove dang]\s4 ,indu/rial poison+ f ! use ( :ite phosphorus 9 ! manufacture ( mat*es has great] int]e/ ?an its occurr5ce 9 ! production ( phosphorus itself4 ,already 9 #ahde *ronic phosphorus poison+ 7phosphorus necrosis7 _h be5 obs]v$ by ,lor9s]1 & c>efully describ$ by ,bibra & ,gei/ 9 #ahdg4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( its use phosphorus necrosis mu/ h be5 fairly frequ5t 9 lucif] mat* factories1 & n infrequ5tly h l$ to dea?4 ,?is necessitat$ prev5tive measures 9 v>i\s ,/ates 7see ,"p ,,iii72 cases became few]1 b did n disappe> altoge!r4 ,especially dang]\s is ! prep>ation ( ! pa/e1 dipp+1 & manipulations connect$ ) dry+ & fill+ ! mat*es into boxes4 ,accord+ to ! reports ( ! ,au/rian factory inspectors !re are ab\t #dejj lucif] mat* work]s 9 t c\ntry1 among :om sev5ty-f\r cases ( necrosis are kn[n to h occurr$ betwe5 ! ye>s #aijj & #aijh inclusive4 ,teleky#a consid]s ^! figures mu* too small1 & f inquiries und]tak5 himself asc]ta9$ t #aef cases occurr$ 9 ,au/ria betwe5 #ahif & #aijf1 :ile factory inspectors' reports dealt ) only sev5ty-five4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t 8 own figures 7 n complete1 & ?9ks t 9 ! t5 ye>s #ahif to #aije !re mu/ h be5 f #cej to #djj cases ( phosphorus necrosis 9 ! :ole ( ,au/ria4 ,despite /rict regulations1 mod]n equipm5t ( ! factories1 introduction ( improv$ ma*9]y1 & limitation ( ! :ite phosphorus mat* indu/ry to l>ge factories1 x has n be5 possible to bani% ! risk1 & ! same is true ( ,bohemia1 :]e !re is always a succession ( cases4 ,valuable /ati/ics ( phosphorus necrosis 9 ,hung>y are available4#b ,9 #aijh !re 7 sixte5 factories employ+ #ahhb work]s ( :om #cj p] c5t4 7 "y--*ildr5 ev5 7 employ$4 ,! indu/ry is c>ri$ on 9 primitive fa%ion )\t hygi5ic arrangem5ts any:]e4 ,x is /range t1 not)/&+ ^! bad conditions1 among a l>ge numb] ( ! work]s exam9$ only f\rte5 active cases 7 f\nd1 9 addition to two comm5c+1 & fifte5 cur$--altoge!r ?irty-"o cases 7exclud+ fifty-five cases 9 :i* !re 0 "s o!r pa?ological *ange 9 ! m\?74 ,altoge!r n9ety-?ree cases s9ce #aijj 7 trac$ 9 ,hung>y1 & 9 view ( ! unsatisfactory situation prev5tive measures1 %ort ( prohibition ( ! use ( :ite phosphorus1 w\ld be useless4 ,9 ,engl& among #djjj lucif] mat* work]s !re 7 ?irte5 cases 9 ! ye>s #aijj to #aijg inclusive4 ,dim9ution 9 ! numb] 0 due to improv$ me?ods ( manufacture & p]iodical d5tal exam9ation prescrib$ "u ,special ,rules4 ,phosphorus necrosis is n ! only sign ( indu/rial phosphorus poison+1 z ! condition ( fragilitas ossium is recognis$4#c ,f :at has be5 said x is evid5t t prev5tive measures aga9/ phosphorus poison+1 al?\gh !y dim9i% ! numb]1 are n able to get rid ( phosphorus necrosis1 & s civilis$ ,/ates h gradually be5 driv5 to prohibit ! use ( :ite phosphorus 7= ! hi/ory ( ?is see ,"p ,,iii74 ,use ( *rome salts 7especially potassium bi*romate7 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pa/e causes risk ( poison+ 9 premises :]e #8,sw$i%' mat*es are made4 ,att5tion has be5 call$ to ! frequ5cy ( *rome ulc]ation4#d ,! pa/e us$ consi/s ( #c-f p] c5t4 *rome salt1 s t ea* mat* head conta9s ab\t mg4 ,wodtke f\nd among eighty-f\r work]s e>ly p]=ation ( ! septum 9 ?irte54 ,sev]e eczema also has be5 not$4 ,x is ev5 alleg$ t r$ phosphorus is n entirely free f dang]4 ,su* ca*exia z has be5 not$ may be ref]able to ! absorption ( potassium *lorate4 ,o!r ,uses ( ,phosphorus & ,comp\nds ( ,phosphorus ,isolat$ cases ( phosphorus poison+ h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! manufacture ( phosphor-bronze4 ,?is consi/s ( #ij p>ts copp]1 #i p>ts t91 & #je to #jge phosphorus4 ,sulphides ( phosphorus 7,p,s1 ,p,s1 ,p,s7 are made by melt+ toge!r r$ phosphorus & sulphur4 ,!y make a satisfactory sub/itute = ! poison\s yell[ phosphorus & are consid]$ non-poison\s1 b ! fact rema9s t !y give (f annoy+ sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,phosphorett$ hydrog5 gas 7,,ph7 r>ely gives rise to indu/rial poison+4 ,x may come (f 9 small am\nts 9 ! prep>ation ( acetyl5e & 9 ! prep>ation (1 & manipulations )1 :ite phosphorus4 ,x is /at$ t 9 acetyl5e made ( ,am]ican calcium c>bide #jjd p] c5t4 ( phosphorett$ hydrog5 is pres5t1 & 9 acetyl5e f ,sw$i% calcium c>bide #jjb p] c5t42 ,lunge & ,c$]kreutz f\nd an acetyl5e conta9+ #jjf p] c5t4 ,^! am\nts might cause poison+ if ! gas 7 diffus$ 9 conf9$ spaces4 ,poison+1 9 "p attributable to phosphorett$ hydrog5 gas1 is br\ght ab\t ?r\gh f]ro-silicon 7see "u ,f]ro-silicon74 ,sup]phosphate & ,artificial ,manure ,sup]phosphate1 an artificial manure1 is prep>$ f v>i\s raw mat]ials hav+ a high proportion ( insoluble basic calcium phosphate 7tricalcium phosphate71 :i* by treatm5t ) sulphuric acid are conv]t$ into ! soluble acid calcium phosphate 7monocalcium phosphate7 & calcium sulphate4 ,m9]al sub/ances su* z phosphorites1 coprolites1 guano1 bone a%1 c41 s]ve z ! />t+-po9t4 ,*amb] acid1 or sometimes ! wa/e acid f ! prep>ation ( nitro-b5z5e or purification ( petroleum1 are us$ 9 ! conv]sion4 ,! raw mat]ials are gr\nd 9 clos$-9 app>atus1 "u negative pressure1 & mix$ ) ! sulphuric acid 9 wood5 lead-l9$ boxes or wall$ receptacles4 ,! product is !n /or$ until ! completion ( ! reaction 9 #8d5s1' dri$1 & pulv]is$ 9 dis9tegrators4 ,9 ! manufacture ( bone meal extraction ( ! fat f ! bones ) b5z9e prec$es treatm5t ) acid4 ,a fur!r s\rce ( artificial manure is basic slag--! slag left 9 ! manufacture ( /eel by ! ,gil*ri/-,?omas me?od--:i* conta9s #aj-be p] c5t4 ( readily soluble phosphoric acid4 ,x requires1 !re=e1 only to be gr\nd into a v f9e p[d] to s]ve z a suitable manure4 ,ow+ to ! consid]able heat g5]at$ by ! action ( ! sulphuric acid :5 mix$ ) ! pulv]is$ raw mat]ials 7especially 9 ! conv]sion ( ! phosphorites7 hydr(luoric & silic(luoric acid vap\rs are evolv$ 9 appreciable am\nt1 & also c>bonic & hydro*loric acid vap\rs1 sulphur dioxide1 & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,^! gases--notably su* z conta9 fluor9e--if n effectually dealt ) by air-tight app>atus & exhau/ v5tilation--may lead to s]i\s annoyance & injury to ! p]sons employ$4 ,fur!r1 !re is risk ( erosion ( ! sk9 f contact ) ! acid1 c4 ,a case is describ$ ( pu/ul> eczema on ! scrotum ( a work] engag$ 9 dry+ sodium silic(luoride1 due probably to conveyance ( irritat+ matt] by ! h&s4 ,aft] ! precaution ( we>+ gloves 0 adopt$ ! affection disappe>$4 ,a m>k$ case ( poison+ by nitr\s fumes ev5 is record$ 9 ! manufacture ( artificial manure f mix+ ,*ili saltpetre ) a v acid sup]phosphate4 ,injuri\s fumes c be giv5 (f 9 ! rooms :]e bones are /or$ &1 9 ! abs5ce ( effici5t v5tilation1 c>bonic acid gas c accumulate to an am\nt t may be dang]\s4 ,! f9e du/ produc$ 9 ! gr9d+ ( basic slag has1 if inhal$1 a m>k$ly corrosive action on ! respiratory muc\s membrane attribut$ by "s to ! high proportion 7ab\t #ej p] c5t47 9 x ( quicklime4 ,z a matt] ( fact num]\s small ulc]s are f\nd on ! muc\s membranes ( basic slag gr9d]s & ulc]ation ( ! lung tissue has be5 obs]v$4 ,! op9ion is express$ t ?is is due to corrosive action ( ! du/ itself1 & n m]ely to ! %>p1 jagg$ edg$ p>ticles ( du/ inhal$4 ,& 9 support ( ?is view is cit$ ! frequ5cy ) :i* epidemics ( pneumonia h be5 not$ among p]sons employ$ 9 basic slag works4 ,?us 9 ,nantes ?irte5 cases ( sev]e pneumonia foll[$ "o ano!r 9 quick succession4 ,& simil> association has be5 not$ 9 ,middlesbr\gh1 :]e ! action ( ! basic slag du/ 0 believ$ to injure ! lung tissue & !re=e to provide a fav\rable soil = ! developm5t ( ! pneumonia bacillus4 ,/ati/ics collect$ by ! ,imp]ial ,heal? ,(fice %[$ t 9 ! ?ree ye>s #ahib1 #ahic1 & #ahid1 #iaa p] c5t41 #ajhi p] c5t41 & #iac p] c5t4 respectively ( ! work]s became ill1 ! proportion ( respiratory diseases be+ #efd p] c5t41 #edd p] c5t41 & #edc p] c5t4 respectively4 ,a case ( sev]e inflammation ( ! lungs is describ$ 9 a lab\r] scatt]+ basic slag 9 a high w9d :i* drove "s ( x back 9 8 face4 ,lew9 has describ$ a case 9 :i* a work] scatt]+ a mixture ( basic slag & ammonium sup]phosphate suff]$ f an eczemat\s ulc]ation :i*1 on be+ scrat*$ by ! pati5t1 became infect$ & l$ to dea? f g5]al blood poison+4 ,lew9 reg>d$ ! fatal issue z ! sequela ( ! scatt]+ ( ! manure4 ,inflammation ( ! conjunctiva & ( ! eyelids has be5 record$4 ,,*romium ,,comp\nds ,,& ,,_! ,,uses ,*rome iron/one1 lime1 & soda are gr\nd & intimately mix$4 ,!y are next roa/$ 9 rev]b]atory furnaces1 neutral sodium *romate be+ =m$4 ,?is is lixiviat$ & conv]t$ into sodium bi*romate 7,na,cr,o7 by treatm5t ) sulphuric acid4 ,conc5tration by evaporation foll[s2 ! conc5trat$ liquor is cry/allis$ 9 ca/-iron tanks4 ,! cry/als are c5trifugalis$1 dri$1 & pack$4 ,potassium bi*romate may be made 9 ! same way1 or1 z is usually ! case1 out ( sodium bi*romate & potassium *loride4 ,! bi*romates are us$ 9 ! prep>ation & oxidation ( *rome col\rs1 b _! pr9cipal use is 9 dye+ & calico pr9t+1 blea*+ palm oil1 purify+ wood _s & br&y1 9 ! prep>ation ( #8,sw$i%' mat*es1 9 ! manufacture ( glass1 9 photography1 9 dye+1 9 tann+1 & 9 oxidation ( an?rac5e to an?raqu9one4 ,lead ,*romate & ,*rome ,col\rs ,*rome yell[ is neutral lead *romate 7,pb,cr,o74 ,x is obta9$ by precipitat+ a solution ( potassium bi*romate ) lead acetate or lead nitrate1 or by dige/+ ! bi*romate solution ) lead sulphate1 & is us$ z a pa9t & 9 calico & clo? pr9t+4 ,) ,p>is or ,b]l9 blue x =ms a *rome gre54 ,*rome orange1 i4e4 basic lead *romate 7,pb,cr,o,pb7,,oh77 is made by add+ milk ( lime to lead *romate & boil+4 ,*romium & *romic acid salts are widely us$ 9 dye+ & pr9t+1 bo? z mordants & oxidis+ ag5ts & z dyes 7*rome yell[1 *rome orange74 ,9 mordant+ wool ) potassium *romate ! wool is boil$ 9 a potassium *romate solution to :i* acids su* z sulphuric1 lactic1 oxalic1 or acetic are add$4 ,9 dye+ ) *rome yell[1 = in/ance1 ! foll[+ is ! process4 ,cotton wool is saturat$ ) nitrate or acetate ( lead & dri$1 pass$ ?r\gh lime wat]1 ammonia1 or sodium sulphate1 & soak$ 9 a w>m solution ( potassium bi*romate4 ,! yell[ is conv]t$ into ! orange col\r by subsequ5t passage ?r\gh milk ( lime4 ,*rome tann+4--,?is me?od ( produc+ *rome lea!r1 fir/ pat5t$ 9 ,am]ica1 is c>ri$ out by ei!r ! s+le or two ba? process4 ,9 ! two ba? process ! mat]ial is fir/ soak$ 9 a saturat$ solution ( bi*romate & !n treat$ ) an acid solution ( ?iosulphate 7sodium hyposulphite7 s z to r$uce completely ! *romic acid4 ,! process is complet$ ev5 ) ! h>de/ sk9s 9 f two to ?ree days4 ,9 ! s+le ba? me?od basic *rome salts are us$ 9 highly conc5trat$ =m4 ,! sk9s are pass$ f dilute into /rong solutions4 ,9 ?is process also tann+ is quickly effect$4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,among ! p]sons employ$ 9 ! bi*romate factory ( :i* ,leymann has furni%$ detail$ p>ticul>s1 ! numb] ( sick days 0 great] ?an t among o!r work]s4 ,fur!r1 erosion ( ! sk9 7*rome holes7 is *>act]i/ic ( ! manufacture ( bi*romates4 ,^! are sluggi% ulc]s tak+ a long "t to heal4 ,?is is ! ma9 cause ( ! increas$ g5]al morbidity t has be5 obs]v$4 ,! well-kn[n p]=ation ( ! septum ( ! nose )\t1 h[ev]1 caus+ ult]ior effects1 0 obs]v$ by ,leymann 9 all ! work]s 9 ! factory4 ,?is co9cides ) ! op9ion ( o!rs :o h f\nd ! occurr5ce ( *rome holes1 & especially p]=ation ( ! septum1 z an extraord9>ily frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,_m su* obs]vations are record$1#a & also 9 work]s manufactur+ #8,sw$i%' mat*es4 ,?us ( #bcg bi*romate work]s1 ulc]s 7 pres5t 9 #ajg & p]=ation 9 #hg4 ,accord+ to ,lew91 :o has paid special att5tion to ! poison\s nature ( *romium comp\nds1 !y c act 9 two ways3 fir/1 on ! sk9 & muc\s membrane1 :]e ! du/ alights1 on ! alim5t>y tract by swall[+1 & on ! ph>ynx by inhalation4 ,secondly1 by absorption into ! blood1 kidney disease may result4 ,! op9ion t *romium1 9 addition to local1 c h con/itutional effect is support$ by o!r au?orities4 ,leymann describes a case ( sev]e indu/rial *rome poison+ accompani$ by nephritis 9 a work] :o _h inhal$ & swall[$ mu* *romate du/ 9 clean+ out a vessel4 ,regulations = ! manufacture ( bi*romates 7see ,"p ,,iii7 h no d\bt improv$ ! condition1 b reports /ill %[ t p]=ation ( ! septum g5]ally takes place4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t practically all *romium comp\nds are n alike poison\s4 ,*rome iron/one is non-poison\s1 & ! potassium & sodium salts are by f> ! mo/ poison\s1 :ile ! neutral *romate salts & *romic oxide are only slightly s4 ,p&] f\nd t bi*romates 7 #ajj times z poison\s z ! soluble *romium oxide comp\nds1 & ,kunkel is ( op9ion t poison\s effect %[n by ! oxides is attributable to traces ( oxidation into *romic acid4 ,lew91 on ! o!r h&1 decl>es 9 a caution>y notice = *rome work]s g5]ally t all *romium comp\nds are poison\s1 & !re=e all ! dyes made f !m4#b ,9 ! manufacture ( bi*romates1 *ance ( injury to heal? arises p>tly f ! du/1 & p>tly f ! /eam1 g5]at$ 9 p\r+ wat] ov] ! molt5 mass4 ,! /eam c>ries p>ticles ( *romium comp\nds ) x into ! air4 ,9 evaporat+ ! *romate solutions1 prep>ation ( ! bi*romate1 break+ ! cry/als1 dry+ & pack+1 ! work]s come into contact ) ! sub/ance & ! liquors4 ,*rome ulc]ation is1 !re=e1 mo/ frequ5tly f\nd among ^? employ$ 9 ! cry/al room & less among ! furnace h&s4 ,f #ccj to #fcj mg4 ( bi*romate du/ h be5 f\nd 9 #a c4m4 ( air at brea?+ level 9 ! room :]e *romate 0 cru%$1 & #aeg mg4 :]e x 0 pack$4 ,fur!r1 pres5ce ( *romium 9 ! /eam escap+ f ! hot *rome liquors has be5 prov$4#c ,poison+ f use ( *rome col\rs is p>tly attributable to lead1 z1 = example1 9 mak+ yell[ col\r$ tape measures1 yell[ /amps1 & f ! use ( col\r$ ?read4 ,gazaneuve#d f\nd #aj p] c5t4 ( lead *romate 9 su* ?read1 9 wool #ah p] c5t41 & 9 ! du/ ( rooms :]e su* y>n 0 work$ up #dd p] c5t4 ,use ( *rome col\rs & mordants is accompani$ by illness :i* c]ta9ly is ref]able to ! poison\s nature ( ! *rome4 ,9 ,france use ( *romic & phosphoric acid 9 et*+ z9c plates has caus$ sev]e ulc]ation4 ,bi*romate poison+ has be5 describ$ among photograph]s 9 ,ed9burgh 9 ! process ( c>bon pr9t+1 9 :i* a bi*romate develop] is us$4#e ,!re is mu* evid5ce z to occurr5ce ( sk9 eruptions & developm5t ( pu/ul> eczema ( ! h&s & =e>ms ( work]s 9 *rome tann]ies4#f ,9 a l>ge lea!r factory :]e #cjj work]s 7 con/antly employ$ 9 *rome tann+ n9ete5 cases ( *rome ulc]ation 7 not$ )9 a ye>4 ,injury to heal? 0 not$ 9 a *rome tann]y 9 ! di/rict ( ,treves1 :]e ! two ba? process 0 us$1 f /eam develop$ 9 dissolv+ ! *romate 9 hot wat]4 ,f9ally1 ,i h f\nd sev]al records 9 #aijg & #aijh ( p]=ation ( ! septum 9 ,bohemian glass work]s4 ,,manganese ,,comp\nds ,! raw mat]ial ( ! manganese indu/ry is hausmannite 7manganese dioxide1 ,mn,o74 ,?is is subject$ to a cru%+ process1 sort$1 siev$1 f9ely gr\nd1 wa%$1 & dri$4 ,! pure f9ely gr\nd manganese dioxide is mu* us$ 9 ! *emical indu/ry1 especially 9 ! recov]y ( *lor9e 9 ! ,weldon process & 9 ! production ( potassium p]manganate1 :i* is obta9$ by melt+ manganese dioxide ) cau/ic soda & potassium *lorate or nitre1 lixiviation & introduction ( c>bonic acid1 or bett] by treatm5t ) ozone4 ,manganese is also us$ 9 ! production ( col\rs3 ! natural & artificial umb]s conta9 x2 9 glass works x is us$ to decol\rise glass1 & also 9 ! production ( col\r$ glass & glazes2 9 ! manufacture ( /ove tiles1 & 9 ! production ( dri]s = ! v>ni% & oil indu/ry4 ,manganese & comp\nds ( manganese are dang]\s :5 absorb$ into ! sy/em z du/4 ,already 9 #ahcg n]v\s disord]s _h be5 describ$ 9 workm5 :o gr\nd manganese dioxide4#a ,! malady 0 =gott51 until ,jaks*#b 9 ,prague 9 #aija demon/rat$ sev]al su* cases 9 p]sons employ$ 9 a l>ge *emical factory 9 ,bohemia1 f ! dry+ ( ,weldon mud4 ,9 ! same ye> ?ree simil> cases 7 also describ$ 9 ,hamburg4#c ,9 #aijb ,jaks* obs]v$ a fre% case ( poison+1 & 9 ! factory 9 "q describ$ a condition ( manganophobia among ! work]s1 obvi\sly hy/]ical1 9 :i* symptoms ( real manganese poison+ 7 simulat$4 ,9 all "s tw5ty cases are kn[n4 ,jaks* is ( op9ion t x is manganese du/ ri* 9 manganese protoxide t is alone dang]\s1 s9ce1 if ! mud has be5 previ\sly treat$ ) hydro*loric acid1 by :i* ! l[] oxides are remov$1 no illness c be f\nd4 ,! mo/ dang]\s comp\nds are ,mn,o & ,mn,o4 ,,petroleum ,,occurr5ce ,,& ,,uses4--,crude petroleum fl[s spontane\sly f wells 9 consequ5ce ( high int]nal pressure ( gas or is pump$ up4 ,9 ,am]ica & ,russia also x is convey$ hundr$s ( miles 9 conduits to ! ports to be l$ into tank /eam]s4 ,! crude oil is a d>k-col\r$ liquid :i*1 9 ! case ( ,p5nsylvanian m9]al oil1 consi/s ma9ly ( a mixture ( hydroc>bons ( ! p>aff9 s]ies1 or1 9 ,baku oil1 ( ^? ( ! naph?a s]ies4 ,!re are 9 addition sulphur comp\nds1 olef9es1 pyrid91 c4 ,! crude oil is unsuitable = illum9at+ purposes & is subject$ to a di/illation process4 ,x is split up into ?ree fractions by a s+le di/illation1 namely1 7a7 b5z9es 7boil+-po9t #aej ,c471 7b7 light+ oil 7boil+-po9t #aej-cjj ,c472 at a temp]ature ( #cjj ,c4 ! di/illation is /opp$ s t 7c7 ! residuum boil+ above #cjj ,c4 rema9s4 ,di/illation is effect$ 79 ,am]ica7 9 l>ge /ills1 9 :i* p]iodically b5z9e & light+ oil up to #cjj ,c4 is di/ill$ & ! residuum run (f4 ,9 ,baku cont9u\sly work+ batt]ies ( s-call$ cyl9drical boil]s are us$1 into :i* ! crude oil /reams4 ,9 ! fir/ set ( boil]s1 ! temp]ature 9 :i* rises to #aej ,c41 ! b5z9e is di/ill$ (f1 & 9 ! succe$+ ones1 heat$ to #cjj ,c41 ! illum9at+ petroleum oils 7k]os9e71 ! residuum fl[+ cont9ually away4 ,! m9]al oil residues are us$ z fuel4 ,heat+ by ?is means1 tri$ fir/ only 9 ,russia1 is spread+1 especially = ! heat+ ( boil]s1 9 :i* case ! liquid fuel is bl[n 9 g5]ally z a spray4 ,! combu/ion if rightly plann$ is economical & almo/ smokeless4 ,! ,am]ican oil residuum1 ri* 9 p>aff91 is di/ill$1 ! di/illate is cool$ & sep>at$ by pressure into solid p>aff9 & liquid oil4 ,! latt] & ! ,russian m9]al oil residues :i* are free f p>aff9 are widely us$ z lubricants4 ,9 ! production ( lubricants ! residues are di/ill$ at l[ temp]ature 79 vacuo or by aid ( sup]heat$ /eam7 & sep>at$ into v>i\s qualities by fractional cool+1 are !n purifi$ ) sulphuric acid1 & f9ally wa%$ ) cau/ic soda solution4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( vasel9e ! residum is n di/ill$1 b purifi$ only ) fum+ sulphuric acid & decol\ris$ ) animal *>coal4 ,! illum9at+ oil is next subject$ to a purify+ process 7ref9+72 x is fir/ treat$ ) sulphuric acid & well agitat$ by means ( compress$ air4 ,! acid lad5 ) ! impurities is drawn (f bel[1 & ! oil fre$ f acid by wa%+ fir/ ) cau/ic soda & subsequ5tly ) wat]4 ,x is !n blea*$ 9 ! sun4 ,= specially f9e & high fla% po9t petroleum ! oil und]goes a fur!r di/illation & purification ) acid4 ,! fractions ( crude petroleum ) l[ boil+-po9t 7"u #aej ,c47 are kn[n comm]cially z raw b5z9e or petrol naph?a4 ,x is us$ = clean+1 9 extraction ( fats & oils1 & = b5z9e motors4 ,frequ5tly raw b5z9e is subject$ to a purify+ process & to fractional di/illation4 ,purification is c>ri$ out by means ( sulphuric acid & soda liquor & subsequ5t sep>ation into ?ree fractions & a residue :i* rema9s 9 ! retort--7a7 petroleum e!r 7call$ gasol9e1 canadol1 & rhigol9e71 :i* comes ov] betwe5 #dj & #gj ,c41 & s]ves = c>burett+ wat] gas & o!r simil> gases1 z a solv5t = res91 oil1 rubb]1 c42 7b7 purifi$ b5z9e 7#gj-abj ,c47 is us$ z motor _s & 9 *emical clean+2 7c7 ligro9e 7#abj-ace ,c471 us$ = illum9at+ purposes2 & 7d7 ! residual oil 7above #ace ,c47 s]ves = clean+ ma*9]y &1 especially1 z a solv5t = lubricat+ oil1 & in/ead ( turp5t9e 9 ! production ( lacqu]s1 v>ni%es1 & oil col\rs4 ,9 *emical clean+ works b5z9e is us$ 9 clos$-9 wa%+ app>atus1 aft] :i* ! clo!s are c5trifugalis$ & dri$4 ,9 view ( ! risk ( fire 9 ^! manipulations1 orig9at+ ma9ly f frictional electricity1 v>i\s sub/ances are recomm5d$ to be add$ to ! b5z9e1 ( :i* ! be/ kn[n is t recomm5d$ by ,ri*t]1 consi/+ ( a wat]y solution ( oleate ( sodium or magnesium4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,indu/rial poison+ 9 ! petroleum indu/ry is attributable to ! gases giv5 (f f crude petroleum or its products & to inhalation ( naph?a du/4 ,poison+ occurs pr9cipally 9 ! recov]y ( petroleum & naph?a f ! wells1 9 /orage & transport 79 badly v5tilat$ tanks on bo>d %ip1 & 9 ent]+ petroleum tanks71 9 ! ref9]y 9 clean+ out petroleum /ills & mix+ vessels1 & 9 empty+ out ! residues4 ,fur!r cases occur occasionally f use ( b5z9e 9 *emical clean+4 ,9 addition to poison+ ! injuri\s effect ( petroleum & its con/itu5ts on ! sk9 mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,op9ion is unanim\s t ?is injuri\s action ( m9]al oil is limit$ to ! petroleum fractions ) high boil+-po9t & especially petroleum residues4 ,/ati/ics (ficially collect$ 9 ,prussia %[ ! g5]al heal? ( petroleum work]s to be fav\rable4 ,^! /ati/ics relat$ to #achj p]sons1 ( :om =ty-?ree 7 suff]+ f symptoms attributable to _! occupation4 ,( ^! =ty-?ree1 n9e only 7 cases ( poison+1 ! rema9d] be+ all cases ( petroleum acne4 ,! conditions also 9 ,fr5* ref9]ies f /ati/ics collect$ 9 ! ye>s #ahij-aijc seem satisfactory4 ,eighte5 cases ( petroleum acne 7 report$1 elev5 ( :i* occurr$ at ! p>aff9 presses1 five 9 clean+ out ! /ill residues1 & two 7 p]sons fill+ vessels4 ,! conditions are cle>ly less fav\rable 9 ! ,russian petroleum indu/ry4#a ,! work]s at ! naph?a wells suff] f acute & *ronic affections ( ! respiratory organs4 ,^? suff] mo/ :o cov] ! wells ) ca/ iron plates to enable ! fl[ ( naph?a to be regulat$ & l$ into ! res]voirs4 ,9 do+ ?is !y inhale naph?a spray4 ,lew9#b describes cases ( sev]e poison+ ) fatal issue among ,am]ican work]s employ$ 9 petroleum tanks4 ,"o man :o wi%$ to exam9e an outlet pipe %[$ symptoms aft] only two m9utes4 ,we9b]g] describes sev]e poison+ ( two work]s engag$ 9 clean+ out a vessel conta9+ petroleum residue4 ,int]e/+ p>ticul>s are giv5 ( ! effect ( petroleum emanations on ! heal? ( ! m5 employ$ 9 ! petroleum m9es ( ,c>pa?ia1 among :om respiratory affections 7 r>ely f\nd1 b poison+ symptoms involv+ unconsci\sness & c]ebral symptoms frequ5tly4 ,^! exp]i5ces und\bt$ly po9t to diff]+ physiological effects ( diff]5t k9ds ( naph?a4 ,?is is support$ by ! view express$ by ,%>p 9 ,am]ica t diff]5t k9ds ( ,am]ican petroleum h diff]5t effects on ! heal? ( ! work]s1 :i* c be easily cr$it$ f ! diff]5t *emical composition ( crude naph?as4 ,?us 9 ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 :]e a natural heavy oil is obta9$1 asphyxia f ! gas is unkn[n1 al?\gh transi5t attacks ( heada*e & gidd9ess may occur1 :]eas 9 ,ohio1 :]e light oils are obta9$1 suffocative attacks are n infrequ5t4 ,& x is def9itely /at$ t "s naph?a products irritate ! respiratory passages1 :ile o!rs affect ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4#c ,! au?ors m5tion$ ref] to occurr5ce ( cases ( poison+ 9 ! ref9+ ( naph?a f inhalation ( ! vap\r ( ! light oils b5z9e & gasol9e4 ,fatal cases h be5 record$ 9 badly v5tilat$ workrooms 9 :i* ! products ( di/illation are collect$4 ,work]s con/antly employ$ 9 ^! rooms develop *ronic poison+1 :i* is report$ also 9 ! case ( wom5 employ$ ) b5z9e4 ,intoxication is frequ5tly obs]v$1 x is /at$1 among ! workm5 employ$ 9 clean+ out ! railway tank waggons 9 :i* ! m9]al oils & petroleum are c>ri$4 ,f\l]ton#d describes sev]e poison+ 9 a workman :o _h climb$ into a petroleum res]voir1 & two simil> cases f ent]+ naph?a tanks are giv5 9 ! ,report ( ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories = #aijh4 ,two fatal cases are report$ by ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry 9 ,g]many 9 #aije 9 connection ) naph?a /ills4 ,su* accid5ts are h>dly possible1 except :51 ?r\gh insuffici5t disconnection ( ! /ill f ! fur!r sy/em ( pipes1 irrespirable di/illation gases pass backw>ds into ! op5$ /ill :]e p]sons are work+4 ,ord9>y cocks & valves1 !re=e1 d n af=d suffici5t security4 ,?us1 sev]al work]s engag$ 9 repair+ a /ill 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s by gases drawn 9 f a neighb\r+ /ill1 & 7 only br\ght r\nd aft] oxyg5 inhalation4 ,g[]s describes a case ( *ronic poison+ foll[+ on frequ5t inhalation ( gases giv5 (f f a petroleum motor1 ! symptoms be+ slurr+ spee*1 difficulty ( swall[+1 & weakness ( ! orbicul>is & facial muscles4 ,g[]s believ$ ?is to be petroleum gas poison+ 7f incomplete combu/ion71 especially z ! symptoms disappe>$ on giv+ up ! "w1 only to return on resum+ x aga94#e ,girls employ$ 9 glove clean+ & rubb] factories are describ$ z hav+ be5 poison$ by b5z9e4#f ,poison+ ( *auffeurs is describ$ by sev]al writ]s4#g ,rec5t lit]ature#h t5ds to %[ m>k$ increase 9 ! numb] ( cases ( poison+ f great] dem& = b5z9e z a motive p[] = vehicles4 ,su* cases h be5 obs]v$ 9 automobile factories1 & are attributable to ! hydroc>bons ( l[ boil+-po9t :i* are pres5t z impurities 9 b5z9e4 ,a work] 9 a p>aff9 factory _h ent]$ an op5 b5z9e /ill to scrape ! walls free ( cru/s conta9+ b5z9e4 ,he 0 f\nd unconsci\s & di$ "s h\rs lat]4 ,x appe>$ t he _h be5 9 ! /ill sev]al h\rs1 hav+ probably be5 ov]come to su* an ext5t by ! fumes z to be unable to effect 8 escape4 ,attempt to wipe up b5z9e spilt 9 ! /orage cell> ( a l>ge *emical clean+ works result$ 9 poison+4 ,a night work] 9 a bone extract+ works hav+ turn$ on ! /eam1 in/ead ( wat*+ ! process fell asleep on a b5*4 ,9 consequ5ce ! app>atus became s hot t ! sold] ( a /op valve melt$1 all[+ fumes to escape4 ,! man 0 f\nd dead 9 ! morn+4 ,9 a c>pet clean+ e/abli%m5t ?ree work]s lo/ consci\sness & 7 f\nd s5seless on ! floor4 ,!y recov]$ on inhalation ( oxyg54 ,"o fur!r case report$ f ! in/ances ( b5z9e poison+ collect$ rec5tly#i is wor? quot+4 ,a work] 9 a *emical factory 0 put to clean a /ill capable ( di/ill+ #bejj litres ( b5z9e4 ,x conta9$ rema9s ( a previ\s fill+4 ,z soon z he _h ent]$ ! n>r[ op5+ he became affect$ & fell into ! b5z9e2 he 0 c>ri$ unconsci\s to ! hospital1 8 symptoms be+ vomit+1 spa/ic contraction ( ! extremities1 cyanosis1 weak pulse1 & loss ( reflexes1 :i* disappe>$ an h\r & a half lat]4 ,! occurr5ce ( sk9 affections 9 ! naph?a indu/ry has be5 not$ by sev]al obs]v]s1 especially among ^? employ$ on ! unpurifi$ m9]al oils4 ,eruptions on ! sk9 f press+ out ! p>aff9 & papillomata 7w>ty gr[?s7 9 work]s clean+ out ! /ills are ref]r$ to by _m writ]s1#aj ,og/on 9 p>ticul>4 ,rec5t lit]ature ref]s to ! occurr5ce ( petroleum eczema 9 a firebrick & cem5t factory4 ,! work]s affect$ _h to remove ! bricks f m\lds on to :i* petroleum oil dropp$4 ,an eczemat\s condition 0 produc$ on ! inn] surface ( ! h&s1 necessitat+ ab/5tion f "w4 ,! pu/ul> eczema 9 ^? employ$ only a %ort "t 9 press+ p>aff9 9 ! ref9]ies ( naph?a factories is ref]r$ to z a frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,practically all ! work]s 9 ?ree ref9]ies 9 ! di/rict ( ,cz]n[itz 7 affect$4 ,! view t x is due to insuffici5t c>e 9 wa%+ is support$ by ! report ( ! factory inspector 9 ,r\51 t ) great] att5tion 9 ?is matt] on ! "p ( ! work]s m>k$ dim9ution 9 its occurr5ce foll[$4 ,,sulphur ,,recov]y ,,& ,,use4--,sulphur1 :i* is f\nd pr9cipally 9 ,sicily 7also 9 ,spa91 ,am]ica1 & ,japan71 is obta9$ by melt+4 ,9 ,sicily ?is is c>ri$ out 9 primitive fa%ion by pil+ ! rock 9 heaps1 cov]+ !m ) turf1 & sett+ fire to !m4 ,ab\t a ?ird ( ! sulphur burns & escapes z sulphur dioxide1 :ile ! rema9d] is melt$ & collects 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! crude sulphur ?us wa/efully produc$ is purifi$ by di/illation 9 ca/-iron retorts directly fir$4 ,x comes on ! m>ket z /ick or roll sulphur or z fl[]s ( sulphur4 ,fur!r s\rces = recov]y ( sulphur are ! ,leblanc soda residues 7see ,soda ,production71 f :i* ! sulphur is recov]$ by ! ,*ance-,claus process1 & ! gas purify+ mat]ial 7conta9+ up to #dj p] c5t471 f :i* ! sulphur c be recov]$ by c>bon bisulphide 7see ,illum9at+ ,gas ,indu/ry74 ,! heal? conditions ( ! ,sicilian sulphur work]s are v unsatisfactory1 due1 h[ev]1 less to ! injuri\s effect ( ! escap+ gases 7noxi\s alike to ! surr\nd+ vegetation7 ?an to ! wret*$ social conditions1 ov] ex]tion1 & "u fe$+ ( ^! work]s4 ,( importance is ! risk to heal? f sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 f sulphur dioxide 9 ! recov]y ( sulphur f ! soda residues1 & f c>bon bisulphide 9 ! extraction ( sulphur f ! gas purify+ mat]ial4 ,,sulphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas is us$ 9 ! *emical indu/ry especially = ! precipitation ( copp] 9 ! nickel & cobalt indu/ry1 9 de-ars5icat+ acid 7see ,hydro*loric & ,sulphuric ,acids71 to r$uce *rome salts 9 ! lea!r indu/ry1 c4 ,9 addition x arises z a product ( decomposition 9 v>i\s indu/ries1 su* z ! ,leblanc soda process1 9 ! prep>ation ( *loride ( antimony1 9 ! decomposition ( b>ium sulphide 7by exposure to moi/ air71 9 ! treatm5t ( gas liquors1 & 9 ! prep>ation ( c>bon bisulphide3 x is pres5t 9 bla/ furnace gas1 is g5]at$ 9 m9es 7especially 9 deep seams conta9+ pyrites71 arises 9 t> di/illation1 f use ( gas lime 9 tann+1 & 9 ! prep>ation & use ( sodium sulphide3 l>ge quantities ( ! gas are g5]at$ 9 ! putrefactive processes connect$ ) organic sulphur-conta9+ matt] su* z glue mak+1 bone /ores1 /orage ( gre5 hides1 9 ! decomposition ( wa/e wat] 9 sug> manufacture & brew+1 9 ! rett+ ( flax1 & especially 9 sew]s & midd5s4 ,bo? acute & *ronic poison+ are describ$4 ,! foll[+ case is report$ by ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry 9 #aijg3 ,?ree plumb]s :o 7 employ$ on ! night %ift 9 a *emical factory & _h gone to sleep 9 a workroom 7 f\nd 9 a dy+ condition two h\rs lat]4 ,9 ! factory b>ium sulphide solution 9 a s]ies ( l>ge saturat+ vessels 0 be+ conv]t$ into b>ium c>bonate by =c+ 9 c>bonic acid gas2 ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas evolv$ 0 collect$ 9 a gasomet]1 burnt1 & utilis$ = manufacture ( sulphuric acid4 ,9 ! saturat+ vessels 7 te/ cocks1 ! smell f :i* enabl$ ! work]s to "k :e!r all ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas _h be5 driv5 out4 ,if ?is 0 s ! cont5ts ( ! retort 7 driv5 by means ( c>bonic acid gas into a subsidi>y vessel1 & ! vessel aga9 fill$ ) b>ium sulphide liquor4 ,f ^! int]m$iate vessels ! b>yta 0 pump$ into filt] presses1 ! la/ rema9s ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas be+ c>ri$ away by a fan into a v5tilat+ %aft4 ,! subsidi>y vessel & v5tilat+ %aft 7 situat$ 9 front ( ! w9d[s ( ! repair+ %op4 ,on ! night 9 "q a work] _h ?\ghtlessly driv5 ! cont5ts out ( "o saturat+ vessel be=e ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas _h be5 completely remov$1 & ! driv+ belt ( ! fan 0 brok54 ,consequ5tly1 ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas escap+ f ! subsidi>y vessel ent]$ ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( ! work%op & collect$ ov] ! floor :]e ! victims ( ! unusual comb9ation ( circum/ances slept4 ,9 ano!r *emical works two work]s suff]$ f sev]e poison+ 9 ! b>ium *loride dep>tm5t4 ,! plant consi/$ ( a clos$ vat :i*1 9 addition to ! op5+s = admitt+ ! b>ium sulphide liquor & sulphuric acid1 _h a duct ) /eam injector connect$ ) ! *imney = tak+ away ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,ow+ to a breakd[n ! plant 0 at a /&/ill1 z a result ( :i* ! v5tilat+ duct became block$ by ice4 ,:5 ! plant 0 set 9 motion aga9 ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas escap$ ?r\gh ! sulphuric acid op5+4 ,"o ( ! work]s affect$ rema9$ = two days unconsci\s4#a ,! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aije cites a case :]e an agitat+ vessel1 9 :i*1 by action ( acid on cau/ic liquor1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas 0 giv5 (f & drawn away by a fan1 _h to be /opp$ to repair "o ( ! paddles4 ,! fl[ ( acid & liquor 0 /opp$1 & ! cov] half remov$4 ,! deposit :i* _h be5 precipitat$ _h to be got rid ( next 9 ord] to lib]ate ! agitator4 ,! upp] portion ( ! vessel 0 wa%$ out ) wat]1 & s9ce no fur!r evolution ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 0 possible f any manufactur+ process1 ! "w ( remov+ ! deposit 0 proce$$ )4 ,aft] sev]al bucketfuls _h be5 empti$ ! man inside became unconsci\s & di$4 ,! casualty 0 no d\bt due to small ne/s ( free cau/ic & acid :i* ! spad+ br\ght into contact & subsequ5t developem5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 afre%4 ,a case is report$ ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 poison+ 9 a man att5d+ to ! dra9s 9 a factory tann+ lea!r by a quick process4 ,"h1 :5 sulphur\s acid acts on sodium sulphide1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 is giv5 (f4 ,9 clean+ out a trap close to ! dis*>ge outlet ( a tann]y two p]sons 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s1 & ! pres5ce ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 0 %[n by ! black5+ ( ! :ite lead pa9t on a h\se opposite & by ! od\r4#b ,9 ! prep>ation ( ammonium salts ,eul5b]g#c cites sev]al cases :]e ! work]s fell z ?\gh /ruck d[n1 al?\gh ! processes 7 c>ri$ on 9 ! op5 air4 ,!y quickly recov]$ :5 remov$ f ! spot4 ,oliv] cites ! case :]e1 9 excavat+ soil = a dock1 f\r m5 succumb$ 9 six weeks2 ! wat] conta9$ #ab vols4 p] c5t4 ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,n unfrequ5tly acute poison+ symptoms result to sew] m54 ,probably sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas is n :olly responsible = !m1 nor = ! *ronic symptoms compla9$ ( by su* work]s 7inflammation ( ! conjunctiva1 bron*ial cat>rh1 pallor1 depression74 ,9 ! di/illation processes connect$ ) ! p>aff9 indu/ry fatalities h be5 report$4 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide ,,manufacture4--,c>bon bisulphide is prep>$ by pass+ sulphur vap\r ov] pure coal br\ght to a r$ heat 9 ca/-iron retorts into :i* pieces ( sulphur are introduc$4 ,! crude c>bon bisulphide requires purification f sulphur1 sulphurett$ hydrog51 & volatile organic sulphur comp\nds by wa%+ ) lime wat] & subsequ5t di/illation4 ,use is made ( x pr9cipally 9 ! extraction ( fat & oil f bones & oleag9\s se$s 7cocoanut1 olives1 c471 = vulcanis+1 & z a solv5t ( rubb]4 ,x is us$ also to extract sulphur f gas purify+ mat]ial & = ! prep>ation ( v>i\s *emical sub/ances 7ammonium sulphocyanide1 c471 z well z = ! de/ruction ( pe/s 7phyllox]a & rats74 ,fat & oil are extract$ f se$s1 bones1 c41 by c>bon bisulphide1 b5z9e1 or e!r1 &1 to avoid evaporation1 ! vessels are z airtight z possible & arrang$1 z a rule1 = cont9u\s work+4 ,vulcanisation is ! r5d]+ ( rubb] p]man5tly ela/ic by its comb9ation ) sulphur4 ,x is effect$ by means ( *loride ( sulphur1 sulphide ( b>ium1 calcium1 or antimony1 & o!r sulphur-conta9+ comp\nds1 heat & pressure1 or by a cold me?od consi/+ 9 ! dipp+ ( ! =m$ objects 9 a mixture ( c>bon bisulphide & *loride ( sulphur4 ,! process ( manufacture is briefly z foll[s3 ,! raw mat]ial is fir/ s(t5$ & wa%$ by hot wat] & knead+ 9 rolls4 ,! wa%$ & dri$ rubb] is !n mix$ on call5d] rolls ) v>i\s +r$i5ts1 su* z z9c :ite1 *alk1 :ite lead1 li?>ge1 c9nab>1 graphite1 rubb] sub/itutes 7prep>$ by boil+ vegetable oils1 to :i* sulphur has be5 add$1 ) *loride ( sulphur74 ,9 vulcanis+ by aid ( heat ! necess>y sulphur or sulphur comp\nd is add$4 ,vulcanisation ) sulphur alone is only possible ) aid ( /eam & me*anical pressure 9 v>i\s k9ds ( app>atus accord+ to ! nature ( ! article produc$4 ,9 ! cold vulcanisation process ! previ\sly %ap$ articles are dipp$ = a few seconds or m9utes 9 ! mixture ( c>bon bisulphide & *loride ( sulphur & subsequ5tly dri$ 9 w>m air z quickly z possible4 ,9 view ( ! poison\s nature ( c>bon bisulphide1 b5z9e is mu* us$ n[4 ,9 ! cold me?od use ( *loride ( sulphur 9 b5z9e c replace x altoge!r4 ,in/ead ( b5z9e o!r solv5ts are available--*lor9e sub/itution products ( me?ane 7di*lorme?ane1 c>bon tetra*loride74 ,9 o!r processes rubb] solv5ts are l>gely us$1 = in/ance1 acetone1 oil ( turp5t9e1 petroleum b5z9e1 e!r1 & b5z5e4 ,rubb] solutions are us$ = wat]pro(+ clo? & o!r mat]ials4 ,simil> to ! prep>ation & use ( rubb] is t ( guttap]*a4 ,b vulcanisation is easi] by ! lead & z9c ?iosulphate process ?an by ! me?ods us$ 9 ! case ( rubb]4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal? ,,( ,,cs ,,& ,,o!r ,,dang]s ,,to ,,heal? ,,9 ,,! ,,rubb] ,,indu/ry4--,9 ! manufacture ( c>bon bisulphide little or no dang] is run ei!r to heal? or f fire4 ,9 ! rubb] trade ! poison\s nature ( b5z9e & *loride ( sulphur h to be borne 9 m9d1 & also ! consid]able risk ( lead poison+ 9 mix+4 ,cases ( plumbism1 especially 9 e>li] ye>s1 are ref]r$ to4#a ,b5z9e poison+ plays only a second>y "p 9 ! rubb] indu/ry4 ,no sev]e cases are record$1 only slight cases foll[+ an inhalation ( fumes4 ,cases ( poison+ are record$ 9 a motor tyre factory 9 ,upsala4#b ,n9e wom5 7 affect$1 ( :om f\r di$4 ,:e!r ^! cases 7 due to b5z5e or petroleum b5z9e is n /at$4 ,x is rem>kable t two su* v diff]5t sub/ances z b5z5e & b5z9e %\ld be s easily confus$4 ,b t 9 ! rubb] indu/ry cases ( b5z5e poison+ d actually occur is prov$ by ! foll[+ rec5t cases3 ,rubb] dissolv$ 9 b5zol 0 be+ laid on a spread+ ma*9e 9 ! usual way4 ,( ?ree m5 employ$ "o 0 r5d]$ unconsci\s & di$4#c ,9 a rubb] recov]y process a work] 0 r5d]$ unconsci\s aft] ent]+ a b5zol /ill1 also two o!rs :o s\ght to rescue him4 ,only "o 0 sav$4 ,cases ( anil9e poison+ are report$ :]e anil9e is us$ = extract+ rubb]4#d ,*loride ( sulphur1 by reason ( its prop]ties & ! read9ess ) :i* x decomposes 7see ,*loride ( ,sulphur71 causes annoyance to rubb] work]s1 b r>ely poison+4 ,mu* importance atta*es to *ronic c>bon bisulphide poison+ 9 ! rubb] indu/ry4 ,_m sci5ti/s h exp]im5t$ z to its poison\s nature 7see especially on ?is ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #aid74 ,lehmann's#e exp]im5ts %[ t a proportion ( #jej-jg mg4 ( ,,cs p] litre ( air causes h>dly any symptoms2 #aj-ab mg4 slight effects :i* become m m>k$ on cont9u$ exposure2 #ae mg4 produces sev]e symptoms4 ,ab\t #aj mg4 p] litre ( air is ! am\nt :i* may set up *ronic effects4 ,9 vulcanis+ rooms ?is limit may easily be exce$$ unless special prev5tive measures are adopt$4 ,laud5heim]#f has made sev]al analyses ( ! proportion ( ,,cs 9 workrooms4 ,?us #ji-ah mg4 p] litre ( air 7 f\nd 9 a room :]e p\*es 7 vulcanis$2 #je-bd mg4 7 aspirat$ "o-half metre di/ant f ! dipp+ vessels2 & #jah-jbg mg4 9 ! room = mak+ #8baby com=t]s4' ,9 analyses made "s ye>s ago proportions ( #bi-ef mg4 7 obta9$4 ,al?\gh lit]ature conta9s _m ref]5ces to ,,cs poison+1 too mu* importance ought n to be atta*$ to !m n[ 9 view ( ! arrangem5ts 9 mod]n well-equipp$ vulcanis+ premises4 ,laud5heim] has collect$ p>ticul>s ( #ca cases ( bra91 & #ai ( n]v\s1 diseases among #bai p]sons com+ into contact ) ,,cs betwe5 #ahgd & #aijh1 all ( :om _h be5 m$ically att5d$4 ,9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! psy*ical symptoms 7 sev5 times less ?an 9 ! prec$+ p]iod4 ,betwe5 #ahif & #ahih ! av]age proportion ( bra9 disease 9 ! vulcanis+ dep>tm5t 0 #aie p] c5t41 & ( n]v\s diseases #jbb p] c5t41 z comp>$ ) #jib p] c5t4 & #jjc p] c5t4 9 ! textile4 ,moreov]1 he ma9ta9s t practically all work]s :o come at all into contact ) ,,cs mu/ be to "s ext5t affect$ injuri\sly by x4 ,/udies on ! injuri\s nature ( ,,cs date f ! ye>s #ahea-fj1 :5 ! ,fr5* writ]s ,paz51 ,du*5ne1 ,beaugr&1 ,piorry1 c41 came across cases f ! ,p>kes' process 7cold vulcanisation by means ( ,,cs & ,s,cl74 ,delpe*#g publi%$ 9 #ahfj & #ahfc details ( tw5ty-f\r sev]e cases 9 rubb] work]s1 "s ( :i* 7 fatal1 & at ! same "t describ$ ! pitiable conditions "u :i* ! "w 0 c>ri$ on4 ,9 ,g]many ,h]mann1 ,hirt & ,lew91 & ,eul5b]g dealt ) ! subject1 b _! "w is m !oretical 9 "*2 & 9 ,laud5heim]'s "w ref]r$ to ! hi/ories ( sev]al cases are giv5 9 detail4 ,m5tion %\ld be made ( ! injury caus$ to ! sk9 by ! fluids us$ 9 extraction ( fat & 9 vulcanis+--especially by b5z9e & c>bon bisulphide4 ,p]r9 consid]s ! effect due p>tly to ! )drawal ( heat & p>tly to ! solv5t action on ! natural grease1 produc+ an unpleasant feel+ ( dryness & contraction ( ! sk94 ,,illum9at+ ,,gas ,illum9at+ gas is obta9$ by ! dry di/illation ( coal4 ,! products ( di/illation are subject$ on ! gasworks to sev]al purify+ processes1 su* z cond5sation 9 cool]s1 moi/ & dry purify+1 f :i* valuable bye-products 7su* z t>1 ammonia1 cyanog5 comp\nds7 are obta9$4 ,! purifi$ gas is /or$ 9 gas hold]s conta9+ on an av]age #di p] c5t4 hydrog51 #cd p] c5t4 me?ane1 #h p] c5t4 c>bonic oxide1 #a p] c5t4 c>bon dioxide1 #d p] c5t4 nitrog51 & ab\t #d p] c5t4 ( ! heavy hydroc>bons 7e?yl5e1 b5z5e vap\r1 acetyl5e1 & _! homologues7 to :i* ! illum9at+ prop]ties are almo/ exclusively due4 ,! mo/ important /ages 9 its prep>ation w be %ortly describ$4 ,di/illation is effect$ 9 cyl9drical1 usually horizontal1 fireclay retorts plac$ 9 a gr\p or sett+ 7fig4 #aa71 :i* =m]ly 7 heat$ by coke b 9 mod]n works always by gas4 ,*>g+ ) coal & removal ( ! coke takes place ab\t e f\r h\rs1 (t5 by means ( me*anical contrivances4 ,iron pipes conduct ! products ( di/illation to ! hydraulic ma94 ,?is is a long cov]$ *annel ext5d+ ! entire l5g? ( ! /ack & receiv+ ! gas & di/illate f ea* retort4 ,9 x ! great] "p ( ! t> & ( ! ammoniacal wat] cond5se & collect "u ! wat] :i* is kept 9 ! ma9 to act z a seal to ! ends ( ! dip pipes1 to prev5t ! gas f pass+ back into ! retort :5 ! latt] is op5$4 ,:ile ! liquid fl[s f ! hydraulic ma9 into ci/]ns1 ! gas passes into cool]s or cond5s]s1 tall iron cyl9d]s1 9 :i*1 z ! result ( air & wat] cool+1 fur!r portions ( ! t> & ammoniacal liquor are cond5s$4 ,to free x /ill m f p>ticles ( t> ! gas passes ?r\gh ! t> sep>ator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,manufacture ( ,illum9at+ ,gas4 ,horizontal fireclay retorts plac$ 9 a sett+ & heat$ by gas7aft] ,o/7 ,! t> :i* rema9s beh9d fl[s ?r\gh a tube to ! ci/]n4 ,f ! t> sep>ator ! gas goes ?r\gh scrubb]s 7fig4 #ab71 :]e ! gas is wa%$ free ( ammonia & "p ( ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 & c>bon dioxide ) wat]4 ,! scrubb]s are t[]-l vessels fill$ ) coke or *>coal ?r\gh :i* ! gas passes f bel[ upw>ds1 enc\nt]+ a spray ( wat]4 ,sev]al scrubb]s 9 s]ies are us$1 s t ! wat] con/antly becomes ri*] 9 ammonia4 ,me*anical scrubb]s are mu* us$1 s-call$ /&>d wa%]s2 !y are rotat+1 horizontal cyl9d]s hav+ sev]al *amb]s fill$ ) /aves ( wood half dipp+ 9 wat]4 ,9 !m ! same pr9ciple ( mak+ ! gas meet an oppos+ /ream ( wat] is employ$1 s t ! la/ traces ( ammonia are remov$ f ! gas4 ,! v>i\s purify+ app>atus ?r\gh :i* ! gas has to pass cause consid]able resi/ance to its fl[4 ,escape 9 v>i\s ways w\ld occur _h ! gas to ov]come x by its own pressure1 & too long contact ( ! gas ) ! hot walls ( ! retorts w\ld be detrim5tal4 ,h5ce an exhau/] is appli$ to ! sy/em :i* keeps ! pressure to ! "r proportion 9 ! retorts & drives on ! gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,wa%] or ,scrubb] ,aft] purification 9 ! scrubb]s dry purification foll[s1 hav+ = its object especially removal ( comp\nds ( sulphur & cyanog5 & c>bon dioxide4 ,to effect ?is sev]al %all[ receptacles are us$1 ea* hav+ a false bottom ^u :i* ! purify+ mat]ial is spread out4 ,! boxes are s arrang$ t ! gas fir/ passes ?r\gh purify+ mat]ial :i* is almo/ saturat$ & f9ally ?r\gh fre% mat]ial1 s t ! mat]ial becomes ri*] 9 sulphur & cyanog5 comp\nds4 ,! gas purify+ mat]ial =m]ly us$ 0 slak$ lime1 & x is /ill frequ5tly us$1 b m g5]ally bog iron ore or artificially prep>$ mixtures are us$ consi/+ mo/ly ( oxide ( iron4 ,! saturat$ purify+ mat]ial is reg5]at$ by oxidation on spread+ x out 9 ! air & turn+ x frequ5tly4 ,aft] hav+ be5 ?us treat$ "s t5 times ! mass conta9s #ej p] c5t4 sulphur1 & #ac to #ad p] c5t4 f]rocyanide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,manufacture ( ,illum9at+ ,gas4 ,diagrammatic view 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a ,retort sett+ & hydraulic ma92 ,b ,cond5s]s & cool]s2 ,c ,exhau/]2 ,d ,well2 ,e ,wat] tank2 ,f ,t> extractor2 ,g ,scrubb]2 ,h ,purifi]2 ,i ,/ation met]2 ,k ,gas hold]2 ,l ,pressure regulator4 ,! naph?al5e 9 illum9at+ gas does n sep>ate 9 ! cond5s]1 & !re=e is g5]ally treat$ 9 special app>atus by wa%+ ! gas ) heavy coal t>4 ,! gas purifi$1 z has be5 describ$1 is measur$ by a met] & /or$ 9 gasomet]s4 ,^! are bells made up ( %eet iron :i* hang d[n into wall$ receptacles fill$ ) wat] to act z a wat] seal1 & are rais$ by ! pressure ( ! gas :i* /reams into !m4 ,! gas passes to ! network ( ma9s by pressure ( ! weight ( ! gasomet]1 aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh a pressure regulat+ app>atus4 ,z to recov]y ( bye-products 9 ! illum9at+ gas indu/ry1 see ! sections on ,ammonia1 ,cyanog5 ,comp\nds1 ,t>1 ,b5z5e1 c4 ,,effect ,,on ,,heal?4--,op9ions diff] z to ! effect on heal? :i* employm5t 9 gas works ex]ts4 ,?is is true ( old z well z ( mod]n lit]ature4 ,hirt#a ma9ta9s t gas work]s suff] no increase 9 illness because ( _! employm5t4 ,!y rea*1 he says1 a relatively high age & _! mortality he puts d[n at f #je to #a p] c5t4 7my own obs]vations make me conclude t ! av]age mortality among p]sons insur$ 9 sick societies 9 ,bohemia is #a p] c5t41 s t ,hirt's figure is n high74 ,layet#b agre$ ) ,hirt1 b 0 ( op9ion t gas work]s suff]$ f anmia & ga/ro-inte/9al symptoms attributable to inhalation ( injuri\s gases4 ,! sudd5 symptoms ( intoxication1 #8exhau/ion & s9k+ sudd5ly into a comatose condition1' :i* he attributes to ! effect ( hydroc>bons & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 may well h be5 ! symptoms ( c>bonic oxide poison+4 ,golds*midt#c 9 rec5t lit]ature consid]s manufacture ( illum9at+ gas by no means dang]\s or unheal?y1 & speaks ( no specific maladies z hav+ be5 obs]v$ by him4 ,nev]!less1 he admits ) ,layet t ! m5 employ$ 9 ! cond5s+ & purify+ processes are con/antly 9 an atmosph]e contam9at$ by gas1 & t ! clean+ & reg5]ation ( ! purify+ mass is associat$ ) inflammation ( ! eyes1 viol5t cat>rh1 & inflammation ( ! respiratory passages1 s9ce1 on contact ( ! purify+ mass ) ! air1 hydrocyanic acid gas1 sulphocyanic acid gas1 & fumes conta9+ c>bolic1 butyric1 & val]ianic acids are g5]at$4 ,o!r writ]s#d ref] to ! injuri\s effects f manipulat+ ! purify+ mat]ial4 ,9 g5]al1 ?\gh1 !y accept ! view1 )\t h[ev] produc+ any figures1 t "w 9 gas works is unatt5d$ ) s]i\s injury to heal? & t poison+s1 especially f c>bonic oxide1 are r>e4 ,su* cases are describ$1#e b ! au?ors are n q at "o z to ! heal?9ess or o!rwise ( ! indu/ry4 ,! "o op9ion is bas$ on /udy ( ! sick club reports = sev]al ye>s ( a l>ge gas works employ+ "s #bdjj work]s 7probably ,vi5na74#f ,! av]age frequ5cy ( sickness 7sickness p]c5tage71 exclud+ accid5ts1 0 #dhg p] c5t4 ,! conclusion is drawn t ! heal? conditions ( gas work]s is fav\rable4 ,x is po9t$ out1 h[ev]1 t diseases ( ! respiratory & dige/ive organs 7#abh & #ajaf p] c5t4 ( ! p]sons employ$7 are relatively high1 & t ! mortality 7#aef p] c5t47 ( gas-work]s is high] ?an t ( o!r work]s4 ,?is is attribut$ to ! con/ant inhalation ( air *>g$ ) injuri\s gases4 ,"w at ! retorts1 coke qu5*+1 & att5d+ to ! purify+ plant are consid]$ especially unheal?y4 ,! o!r figures relate to ! ,magdeburg gas works2 !y are high] ?an ^? quot$4 ,! morbidity ( ! gas work]s 0 f\nd to be #fhe p] c5t41 ( :i* #ah p] c5t4 0 due to disease ( ! dige/ive sy/em1 #bje p] c5t4 to disease ( ! respiratory organs1 & #a p] c5t4 to poison+4 ,no details ( ! cases ( poison+ are giv54 ,c>bonic oxide poison+ is said to be n infrequ5t1 ! injuri\s effect ( clean+ ! purifi]s is ref]r$ to1 & poison+ by inhalation ( ammonia is report$ z possible4 ,/ill1 no v unfav\rable op9ion is drawn z to ! nature ( ! "w4 ,! sickness frequ5cy 9 sick clubs is ab\t #ej p] c5t41 & ev5 9 well-manag$ *emical works ,leymann has %[n x to be f #fe to #hj p] c5t4 ,! rec5tly publi%$ elaborate /ati/ics ( sickness & mortality ( ! ,leipzig local sickness clubs#g conta9 ! foll[+ figures = gas work]s3 ,among #cjbh gas work]s !re 7 on an av]age ye>ly #bjdf cases ( sickness1 tw5ty dea?s1 & f\r cases ( poison+4 ,! total morbidity1 !re=e1 0 #fgeg p] c5t41 mortality #jff p] c5t41 & ! morbidity f poison+ #jac p] c5t4 ,diseases ( ! respiratory tract equall$ #ajfc p] c5t41 ( ! dige/ive tract #ajhg p] c5t41 ( ! muscul> sy/em #acaj p] c5t41 & f rheumatism #aaaj p] c5t4 ,^! figures1 !re=e1 are n abnormally high & ! poison+ is v l[4 ,/ill1 indu/rial cases ( poison+ 9 gas works are record$4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important w be m5tion$4 ,six p]sons 7 employ$ 9 a sub-/ation 9 introduc+ a new slid+ %utt] into a gas ma91 ) ! object ( deviat+ ! gas = ! fill+ ( balloons4 ,a regulat+ valve broke1 & ! gas escap$ f a pipe #dj cm4 9 diamet]4 ,five ( ! m5 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s1 & resuscitation by means ( oxyg5 inhalation fail$ 9 "o case4 ,9 repair+ ! damage done two o!r cases occurr$4#h ,9 empty+ a purifi] a work] 0 kill$ f failure to %ut (f ! valve4 ,besides poison+ f illum9at+ gas1 indu/rial poison+ 9 gas works is describ$ attributable1 9 "p at lea/1 to ammonia4 ,?us ! report ( ! factory inspectors ( ,prussia = #aijd n>rates h[ a work] became unconsci\s :ile sup]9t5d+ ! ammonia wat] well1 fell 91 & 0 dr[n$4 ,a fur!r case is describ$ 9 ! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijd4 ,9 ! dep>tm5t = conc5trat+ ! gas liquor ! =eman & an assi/ant on ! night %ift 7 gett+ rid ( ! residues f a wa%] by means ( hot wat]4 ,! cov] _h be5 remov$1 b1 contr>y to in/ructions1 ! /eam _h n be5 %ut (f4 ,ammonia fumes ru%$ out & r5d]$ bo? unconsci\s1 9 :i* condition !re 7 f\nd by ! workm5 com+ 9 ! morn+4#i ,9 ! prep>ation ( ammonium sulphate1 probably 9 consequ5ce ( too mu* /eam pressure1 gas liquor 0 driv5 into ! sulphuric acid receiv] in/ead ( ammonia gas4 ,! receiv] ov]fl[$1 & ammonia gas escap$ 9 su* quantity z to r5d] unconsci\s ! =eman & two m5 :o w5t to 8 assi/ance4#aj ,! use ( illum9at+ gas 9 indu/rial premises c give rise to poison+4 ,?us ! wom5 employ$ 9 a sc5t factory1 :]e s-call$ quick gas heat]s 7 us$1 suff]$ f g5]al gas poison+4#aa ,9 ,great ,brita9 9 #aijg sixte5 cases ( c>bonic oxide poison+ f use ( gas 9 indu/rial premises 7 report$4 ,,coke ,,ov5s ,coke is obta9$ p>tly z a residue 9 ! retorts aft] ! production ( illum9at+ gas4 ,su* gas coke is unsuitable = metallurgical purposes1 z 9 ! bla/ furnace4 ,f> l>g] quantities ( coal are subject$ to dry di/illation = metallurgical purposes 9 coke ov5s ?an 9 gas works4 ,h5ce _! erection close to bla/ furnaces4 ,9 ! old] =m ( coke ov5 ! bye-products 7 lo/4 ,^? g5]ally us$ n[ consi/ ( clos$ *amb]s heat$ f ! outside1 & !y c be divid$ into coke ov5s :i* d1 & ^? :i* d n1 recov] ! bye-products4 ,^! are ! same z ^? :i* h be5 consid]$ "u manufacture ( illum9at+-gas--t>1 ammonia1 b5z5e & its homologues1 cyanog51 c4 ,9 ! coke ov5s 9 :i* ! bye-products are n recov]$ ! gases & t>ry vap\rs escap+ on cok+ pass into ! heat+ flues1 :]e1 br\ght into contact ) ! air bla/1 !y burn & help to heat ! ov51 :ile :at is unus$ goes to ! ma9 *imney /ack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,di/illation ,coke ,ov5 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a1 ,a ,coal to be cok$2 ,b1 ,b ,/&pipes2 ,c ,hydraulic ma92 ,d ,cond5s+ app>atus2 ,e ,purifi$ gas3 ,f1 ,f ,air inlets2 ,g ,g1 ,g ,combu/ion *amb]s4 ,9 ! mod]n di/illation ov5s ) recov]y ( ! bye-products ! gases escap+ f ! coal are l$ 7air be+ cut (f z completely z possible7 ?r\gh asc5d+ pipes into ! ma9 collector1 :]e !y are cool$1 & ! t>ry +r$i5ts z well z a "p ( ! ammonia are absorb$ by wat]2 subsequ5tly ! gases pass ?r\gh wa%+ app>atus ) a view to z complete a recov]y ( ! ammonia & b5z5e z possible4 ,! purifi$ gases are n[ aga9 l$ to ! ov5s & burnt ) access ( air 9 ! combu/ion *amb]s betwe5 two ov5s4 ,g5]ally ^! ov5s are s con/ruct$ z to act z non-recov]y ov5s also 7especially 9 />t+ ! process74 ,! coal is *>g$ into ! ov5s ?r\gh *>ge holes on ! top & br\ght to a level 9 ! *amb]s ei!r by h& or me*anically4 ,removal ( ! coke block aft] completion ( ! cok+ op]ation is done by a %ield atta*$ to a rack & p9ion jack4 ,aft]w>ds ! coke is qu5*$ ) wat]4 ,recov]y ( ! bye-products ( coke di/illation ov5s is simil> to ! me?od describ$ = illum9at+ gas1 i4e4 fir/ by cond5sation ) aid ( air or wat] cool+1 !n direct wa%+ ) wat] 7g5]ally 9 scrubb]s71 :]eby t> & ammonia wat] are recov]$4 ,recov]y ( b5z5e & its homologues 7see ,b5z5e lat]7 dep5ds on ! fact t ! coke ov5 gases fre$ f t> & ammonia are br\ght into ! close/ possible contact ) ! s-call$ wa% oils1 i4e4 coal t> oils ) high boil+-po9t 7#bej-cjj ,c474 ,= ?is purpose sev]al wa%+ t[]s are employ$4 ,! wa/e oil enri*$ ) b5z5e is recov]$ 9 /ills int]mitt5tly or cont9u\sly & us$ aga94 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,injury to heal? f "w at coke ov5s is simil> to t 9 ! manufacture ( illum9at+ gas4 ,!re is ! possibility ( c>bonic oxide poison+ f escape ( gas f leakage 9 ! app>atus4 ,z fur!r possible s\rces ( dang] ammonia1 cyanog5 & sulpho-cyanog5 comp\nds1 & b5z5e h to be borne 9 m9d4 ,9 ! di/illation ( ! wa% oil sev]e poison+ c arise1 z 9 a case describ$1 :]e two m5 7 fatally poison$ 9 di/ill+ t> ) wa% oil4#a ,! details ( ! case are n )\t int]e/4 ,! poison+ occurr$ 9 ! lavatory4 ,! gases _h escap$ f ! dra9 ?r\gh ! v5tilat+ %aft next to ! closet4 ,! gases came f di/illation ( ! mixture ( t> & wa% oil1 & 7 driv5 by means ( air pumps 9 su* a way t normally ! uncond5s$ gases made _! way to ! *imney /ack4 ,on ! day ( ! accid5t ! pumps 7 out ( use1 & ! gases 7 driv5 by /eam injectors into ! dra94 ,analysis %[$ ! gases to conta9 mu* sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,:5 ?is 0 absorb$1 a gas :i* c\ld be cond5s$ 0 obta9$ conta9+ c>bon bisulphide & hydroc>bons ( unkn[n composition 78 b5z5e74 ,only traces ( cyanog5 & sulpho-cyanog5 comp\nds 7 pres5t4 ,physiological exp]im5t %[$ t poison+ 0 attributable ma9ly to sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 b t aft] ?is 0 remov$ by absorption a fur!r poison\s gas rema9$4 ,o!r ,k9ds ( ,p[] & ,illum9at+ ,gas ,produc] gas or g5]ator gas4--,manufacture ( produc] gas consi/s 9 deal+ sep>ately ) ! g5]ation ( ! gas & ! combu/ion ( ! gases :i* arise4 ,?is is effect$ by admitt+ only s mu* air 7prim>y air supply7 to ! fuel z is necess>y to cause ! gases to come (f1 & !n admitt+ fur!r air 7second>y supply7 at ! po9t :]e ! combu/ion is to take place2 ?is second>y supply & ! gas =m$ 9 ! gas produc] are heat$ 9 reg5]ators be=e combu/ion by br++ ! gases to be burnt into contact ) ,siem5s's heat]s1 ( :i* !re are f\r4 ,two ( ^! are always heat$ & s]ve to heat ! produc] gas & second>y air supply4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,horizontal ,reg5]ative ,grate 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a produc] gas furnace1 !re=e1 consi/s ( a gas produc]1 a gas ma9 lead+ to ! furnace he>?1 ! heat]1 & ! *imney4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,/ep ,reg5]ative ,grate 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,! gas produc] is a combu/ion *amb] fill$ ) coal 9 :i* ! coal 9 ! upp] lay] is burnt4 ,g5]ators may h horizontal or slop+ grate 7see figs4 #ae & #af74 ,! ,siem5s's heat]s or reg5]ators are *amb]s built (1 & fill$ loosely )1 fireclay bricks & arrang$ 9 c\ples4 ,%\ld ! gas produc]s become too hot1 in/ead ( ! *amb]s subdivid$ air heat]s are us$1 :]eby ! hot furnace gases are br\ght into contact ) a sy/em ( ?9-wall$1 ga/ight fireclay pipes1 to :i* !y give up _! heat1 :ile ! second>y air supply = ! furnace is l$ beside ^! pipes & s becomes heat$ indirectly4 ,previ\s heat+ ( ! produc] gas is "h n necess>y2 no valves are ne$$ because ! ?ree /reams ( gas all pass 9 ! same direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag;,a4--,siem5s's ,reg5]ative ,furnace ,l ,air2 ,g ,gas ,,fig4 #ag;,b4--,siem5s's ,reg5]ative ,furnace ,su* air heat+ arrangem5ts are us$ = heat+ ! retorts 9 gas works1 = melt+ ! #8metal' 9 glass works1 & v g5]ally 9 o!r indu/ries1 z !y (f] _m te*nical & hygi5ic advantages4 ,g5]ator gas f coke conta9s #cd p] c5t4 c>bonic oxide1 #ja p] c5t4 hydrog51 #ai p] c5t4 c>bon dioxide1 & #fd p] c5t4 nitrog54 ,bla/ furnace gas4--,bla/ furnace gas is =m$ "u ! same conditions z h be5 describ$ = g5]ator gas2 x conta9s m c>bon dioxide 7ab\t #aj p] c5t474 7,fur!r details are giv5 9 ! section on ,iron--,bla/ ,furnaces47 ,wat] gas4--,wat] gas is made by ! passage ( /eam ?r\gh inc&esc5t coal1 accord+ to ! equation3 ,c ,h,o ,,co #b;,h4 ,! iron gas produc]1 l9$ ) firebrick1 is fill$ ) an?racite or coke & heat$ by bl[+ hot air ?r\gh x4 ,?is causes produc] gas to escape1 aft] :i* /eam is bl[n ?r\gh1 caus+ wat] gas to escape--conta9+ hydrog5 & c>bonic oxide to ! ext5t ( #de-ej p] c5t41 c>bon dioxide & nitrog5 #b-f p] c5t41 & a little me?ane4 ,! bl[+ ( hot air & /eam is done alt]nately1 & bo? k9ds ( gas are l$ away & collect$ sep>ately1 ! wat] gas be+ previ\sly purifi$ 9 scrubb]s1 cond5s]s1 & purifi]s4 ,x s]ves = ! production ( high temp]atures 79 smelt+ ( metals74 ,fur!r1 :5 c>burett$ & also :5 c>efully purifi$ 9 an unc>burett$ /ate1 x s]ves z an illum9ant4 ,! produc] gas g5]at$ at ! same "t is us$ = heat+ purposes 7g5]ally = heat+ boil]s74 ,d[son gas4--,d[son gas is obta9$ by collect+ & /or+ toge!r ! gases produc$ 9 ! mann] describ$ = wat] gas4 ,"u ! grat+ ( ! wr\ght-iron gas produc] 7l9$ ) firebrick & simil>ly fill$ ) coke or an?racite7 a mixture ( air & /eam1 produc$ 9 a special small boil]1 is bl[n ?r\gh by means ( a ,krt+'s injector4 ,be=e /orage ! gas is subject$ to a purify+ process simil> to t 9 ! case ( wat] gas4 ,! mix$ gas consi/s ( #a vol4 wat] gas & #b-c vols4 produc] gas1 ) ab\t #aj-ae vols4 p] c5t4 ,h1 #bb-bg vols4 p] c5t4 ,,co1 #c-f p] c5t4 ,,co1 & #ej-ee p] c5t4 ,n4 ,x is an admirable p[] gas = driv+ gas motors 7fig4 #ah74 ,mond gas simil>ly is a mix$ gas obta9$ by bl[+ mu* sup]heat$ /eam into coal at l[ temp]ature4 ,ammonia is produc$ at ! same "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,p[] ,gas ,in/allation 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a ,/eam boil] a ,/eam injector ,b ,furnace b ,*>g+ hopp] c ,cov] g d ,valve ,c e ,cock ,d f ,v5t pipe g ,/eam ,pipe ,c ,wa%] ,d ,coke t[] ,e ,sawdu/ purifi] ,suction gas4--,9 contradi/9ction to ! ,d[son sy/em1 9 :i* air mix$ ) /eam is =c$ into ! produc] by a /eam injector1 9 ! suction gas plant ! air & /eam are drawn into ! g5]ator by ! app>atus itself4 ,! :ole app>atus :ile 9 action is "u slight negative pressure4 ,a special /eam boil] is unnecess>y because ! necess>y /eam is got up 9 a wat] conta9] surr\nd+ or connect$ ) ! cov] ( ! g5]ator4 ,! plant is set 9 motion by sett+ ! fire 9 action by a fan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,suction ,gas ,plant 7aft] ,mey]7 ,fig4 #ai %[s a suction gas plant4 ,b is ! fan4 ,above ! g5]ator ,a & at ! l[] "p ( ! fe$ hopp] is an annul> vessel = g5]at+ /eam1 ov] ! surface ( :i* air is drawn across f ! pipe e1 pass+ !n ?r\gh ! pipe f into ! a% box g1 & !n ?r\gh ! inc&esc5t fuel4 ,! gas produc$ is purifi$ 9 ! scrubb] ,d1 & passes !n ?r\gh a pipe to ! purifi] conta9+ sawdu/ & to ! motor4 ,c>burett$ gas4--,gas int5d$ = illum9at+ purposes is c>burett$ to increase its illum9at+ p[]1 i4e4 enri*$ ) heavy hydroc>bons4 ,c>burett+ is effect$ ei!r by a hot me?od--add+ ! gases di/ill$ f m9]al or o!r oils--or by a cold me?od--all[+ ! gas to come into contact ) cold b5zol or b5z9e4 ,coal gas z well z wat] gas is subject$ to ! c>burett+ process1 b x has n ! same importance n[ 9 relation to illum9at+ p[]1 z reliance is m & m be+ plac$ on ! use ( mantles4 ,,acetyl5e ,calcium c>bide4--,acetyl5e is prep>$ f calcium c>bide1 :i* on contact ) wat] gives (f acetyl5e4 ,calcium c>bide is prep>$ electro-*emically4 ,a mixture ( burnt lime & coke is gr\nd & melt$ up toge!r at v high temp]ature 9 an electric furnace1 9 do+ :i* !re is consid]able dis5gagem5t ( c>bonic oxide accord+ to ! equation3 ,ca,o #c;,c ,ca,c ,,co4 ,! furnaces us$ 9 ! production ( calcium c>bide are ( diff]5t con/ruction4 ,g5]ally ! furnace is ( ! nature ( an electric arc1 & is arrang$ ei!r z a crucible furnace = int]mitt5t "w or l a bla/ furnace = cont9u\s "w4 ,besides ^! !re are resi/ance furnaces 9 :i* ! heat is creat$ by ! resi/ance (f]$ to ! passage ( ! curr5t by ! molt5 calcium c>bide4 ,! c>bonic oxide giv5 (f 9 ! process causes difficulty4 ,9 _m furnaces x is burnt & s utilis$ = heat+ purposes4 ,! calcium c>bide produc$ conta9s z impurities silicon c>bide1 f]ro-silicon1 calcium sulphide1 & calcium phosphide4 ,acetyl5e 7,c,h71 =m$ by ! decomposition ( calcium c>bide by means ( wat] 7,ca,c #b;,h,o ,ca7,,oh7 ,c,h71 furni%es :5 pure an illum9at+ gas ( great brilliancy & :it5ess4 ,its production is relatively easy4 ,us$ = ! purpose are 7#a7 app>atus 9 :i* wat] is made to drop on ! c>bide1 7#b7 app>atus 9 :i* ! c>bide dips into wat] & is remov$ automatically on g5]ation ( ! gas1 7#c7 app>atus 9 :i* ! c>bide is completely imm]s$ 9 wat]1 & 7#d7 app>atus 9 :i* ! c>bide 9 t9y lumps is ?r[n on to wat]4 ,^! are diagrammatically repres5t$ 9 figs4 #bj;,a to #bj;,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj;,a4 ,,fig4 #bj;,b4 ,,fig4 #bj;,c4 ,,fig4 #bj;,d4 ,acetyl5e ,app>atus--diagrammatic 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,a ,dripp+2 ,b ,dipp+2 ,c ,subm]g+2 ,d ,?r[+ 9 ,! mo/ important impurities ( acetyl5e are ammonia1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 & phosphorett$ hydrog54 ,be=e use1 !re=e1 x is subject$ to purification 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 ,wolf's me?od ! gas is pass$ ?r\gh a wa%] 7) ! object ( remov+ ammonia & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas7 & a purify+ mat]ial consi/+ ( *loride ( lime & bi*romate salts4 ,9 ,frank's me?od ! gas passes ?\gh a sy/em ( vessels conta9+ an acid solution ( copp] *loride1 & also ?r\gh a wa%]4 ,*loride ( lime ) sawdu/ is us$ z a purify+ ag5t4 ,f9ally1 ! gas is /or$ & !nce s5t to ! consum] 7see fig4 #ba74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--;,acetyl5e ,gas ,app>atus 7aft] ,lueg]7 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,almo/ all ! poison+ caus$ 9 ! indu/ries 9 "q is due to c>bonic oxide gas1 ( :i* wat] gas conta9s #da p] c5t41 g5]ator gas #ce p] c5t41 & suction & ,d[son gas #be p] c5t4 ,t indu/rial c>bonic oxide poison+ is n r>e ! reports ( ! c]tify+ surgeons 9 ,great ,brita9 suffici5tly %[4 ,9 ! ye> #aijf fifty-five p]sons are ref]r$ to z hav+ suff]$1 ) fatal issue 9 f\r4 ,9 #aijg !re 7 eighty-"o1 ( :i* t5 7 fatal4 ,( ! #aijf cases tw5ty result$ f inhalation ( produc]1 ,mond1 or suction gas1 sixte5 f coal gas 79 sev]al in/ances conta9+ c>burett$ wat] gas71 sev5te5 f bla/ furnace gas1 & "o ea* f *>coal fumes f a brazi]1 & f ! clean+ out ( an oil gas hold]4 ,z causes ( ! poison+ f suction gas 7 7#a7 improp] situation ( gas plant 9 cell> or basem5t1 all[+ gas to collect or pass upw>d2 7#b7 defective fitt+s2 7#c7 />t+ ! suction gas plant by ! fan ) *imney valve clos$2 7#d7 clean+ out #8scrubb]s' or repair+ valves1 c42 7#e7 defective gasomet]4 ,9 ! sev5te5 cases due to bla/ furnace gas six 7 due to conveyance ( ! gas by ! w9d f a flue left op5 = clean+ purposes into an eng9e]+ %$1 two to *>g+ ! cupola furnace1 two to ent]+ ! furnace1 & f\r to clean+ ! flues4 ,! foll[+ are in/ances tak5 f rec5t lit]ature on gas poison+#a3 ,sev]al cases ( poison+ by wat] gas occurr$ 9 a smelt+ works4 ,! poison+ orig9at$ :5 a bl[+ ma*9e driv5 by wat] gas 0 />t$4 ,ow+ to premature op5+ ( ! gas valve two m5 employ$ 9 a well und]nea? ! ma*9e 7 ov]come4 ,! att5dant :o _h op5$ ! valve succe$$ 9 lift+ bo? f ! well2 b z he 0 try+ to lift a ?ird man :o _h come to 8 assi/ance & fall5 into ! well he himself fell 9 & 0 ov]come4 ,! same fate befell ! eng9e] & 8 assi/ant :o came to ! rescue4 ,all ef=ts to recov] ! f\r m5 by o!rs rop$ toge!r fail$1 z all ( !m to ! numb] ( eight 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s4 ,) ! aid ( rescue appliances 7helmets1 c47 ! bodies 7 recov]$1 b ef=ts at artificial respiration fail$4 ,a workman 0 kill$ by suction gas :ile 9 ! wat]-closet4 ,x appe>$ t "s "t previ\sly :5 ! plant 0 in/all$ ! v5tilat+ pipe betwe5 ! purifi] & motor1 in/ead ( be+ l$ ?r\gh ! ro(1 _h be5 l$ out sideways on a level ) ! floor imm$iately above ! closet4 ,9 ano!r case ! suction gas att5dant _h tak5 out ! ?ree-way cock betwe5 ! g5]ator & motor = repairs & _h n re9s]t$ x prop]ly1 s t :5 ef=t 0 made to />t ! motor ?is fail$1 z gas only & no air 0 drawn 94 ,! motor 0 ?\ght to be at fault1 & ! fan 0 work$ s vigor\sly t ! gas =c$ its way out ?r\gh ! pack+ ( ! flange connections & produc$ symptoms ( poison+ 9 ! p]sons employ$4 ,m dang]\s ?an suction gas plants1 9 :i* normally no escape takes place1 are in/allations dep5d+ on gas "u pressure4 ,su* an in/allation 0 us$ = heat+ gas irons 9 a ,b]l9 laundry4 ,! arrangem5ts 7 consid]$ excell5t4 ,! gas jets 7 9 /oves f :i* ! fumes 7 exhau/$4 ,! gas 0 made f *>coal & conta9$ #ac p] c5t4 ( hydrog54 ,no trace ( c>bonic oxide 0 f\nd 9 ! iron+ room on exam9ation ( ! air4 ,aft] hav+ be5 9 use = mon?s ! me*anical v5tilation got out ( ord]1 ) ! result t twelve wom5 suff]$ sev]ely f symptoms ( c>bonic oxide poison+1 f :i* !y 7 br\ght r\nd by oxyg5 inhalation4 ,! laundry rev]t$ to ! use ( illum9at+ gas4 ,! conclusion to be drawn is t in/allations = gas heat+ are to be us$ ) caution4#b ,indu/rial poison+ f bla/ furnace gas is frequ5t4 ,two fatal cases 7 report$#c 9 m5 employ$ 9 ! gas wa%+ app>atus4 ,!y met _! dea? at ! manhole lead+ to ! wa/e-wat] outlet4 ,9 ano!r case a workman ent]$ ! gas ma9 ?ree h\rs aft] ! gas _h be5 cut (f to cle> x ( ! du/ :i* _h collect$4 ,he succumb$1 %[+ t su* accumulations c reta9 gas = a long "t4 ,/eps _h be5 tak5 ?ree h\rs previ\sly to v5tilate ! portion ( gas ma9 9 "q4 ,a fatal case occurr$ 9 ! clean+ out ( a bla/ furnace flue :i* _h be5 v5tilat$ = #a h\rs by op5+ all manholes1 headplates1 c4 ,! =eman f\nd ! deceas$ ) 8 face ly+ 9 ! flue du/2 bo? he & a help] 7 tempor>ily r5d]$ unconsci\s4 ,cases ( poison+ by g5]ator gas are describ$4#d ,a workman :o _h ent]$ a gasomet] conta9+ ! gas di$ 9 t5 m9utes1 & ano!r rema9$ unconsci\s = t5 days & = ano!r t5 days suff]$ f m5tal di/urbance1 %[+ itself 9 hebetude & weakness ( memory4 ,acetyl5e is poison\s to only a slight ext5t4 ,impurities 9 x1 su* z c>bon bisulphide1 c>bonic oxide 7pres5t to ! ext5t ( #a-b p] c5t471 & especially phosphorett$ hydrog5 gas1 mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,am]ican calcium c>bide#e yields acetyl5e conta9+ #jjd p] c5t4 ( phosphorett$ hydrog52 ,lunge & ,c$]kreutz h f\nd z mu* z #jjf p] c5t4 9 acetyl5e4 ,,ammonia ,,& ,,ammonium ,,comp\nds ,,prep>ation4--,ammonia & ammonium salts are n[ exclusively obta9$ z a bye-product 9 ! dry di/illation ( coal1 f ! ammonia wat] 9 gas works1 & z a bye-product f coke ov5s4 ,! ammonia wat] ( gas works conta9s f #b-c p] c5t4 ( ammonia1 "s ( :i* c be recov]$ on boil+1 b "s is 9 a non-volatile =m1 & to be recov]$ ! comp\nd mu/ be decompos$4 ,! volatile comp\nds are pr9cipally ammonium c>bonate &1 to a less ext5t1 ammonium sulphide & cyanide2 ! non-volatile comp\nds are ammonium sulphocyanide1 ammonium *loride1 sulphate1 ?iosulphate1 c4 ,o!r notewor?y sub/ances 9 ammonia wat] are pyrid9e1 pyrrol1 ph5ols1 hydroc>bons1 & t>ry comp\nds4 ,decomposition ( ! non-volatile comp\nds is effect$ by lime4 ,h5ce ! ammonia wat] is di/ill$ fir/ alone1 & !n ) lime4 ,! di/illate is pass$ into sulphuric acid1 ammonium sulphate be+ =m$4 ,di/illation app>atus con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple usual 9 rectify+ _s is us$1 s t cont9u\s action is secur$2 ! ammonia wat] fl[s into ! app>atus cont9u\sly & is fre$ ( ! volatile comp\nds by ! /eam4 ,at a lat] /age milk ( lime is add$1 :i* lib]ates ! ammonia f ! nonvolatile comp\nds4 ,( ! ammonium salts !re require m5tion3 ,ammonium sulphate 77,,nh7,,s71 :i* s]ves = ! production ( o!r ammonium salts4 ,x is usually c5trifugalis$ out f ! sulphuric acid tank previ\sly describ$4 ,ammonium *loride 7sal-ammoniac1 ,,nh,cl7 is =m$ by br++ ! ammonia fumes giv5 (f 9 ! process describ$ 9 contact ) hydro*loric acid vap\r4 ,! crude salt s obta9$ is recry/allis$ or sublim$4 ,ammonium phosphate 77,,nh7,,hpo7 is made 9 an analog\s mann] by lead+ ammonia into phosphoric acid4 ,x is useful z an artificial manure4 ,ammonium c>bonate is made ei!r by br++ toge!r ammonia vap\r & c>bonic acid or by sublim+ ammonium sulphate ) calcium c>bonate4 ,x is v volatile4 ,! ?ick vap\r is collect$ & purifi$ 9 lead5 *amb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,prep>ation ( ,ammonia4 ,column ,app>atus ( ,feldman 7aft] ,o/7 ,a1 ,b1 ,c ,columns2 ,d ,saturator2 7a7 ,settl+ tank & regulator = fl[ ( ammonia2 7b7 ,economis]2 7f7 ,milk ( lime2 7g7 ,pump ,cau/ic ammonia is prep>$ ei!r f gas liquor or1 m usually1 f ammonium sulphate by di/illation ) cau/ic alkali 9 a cont9u\s app>atus4 ,,use ,,( ,,ammonia4--,ammonia is us$ 9 laundries & blea*+ works 9 dye+ & wool wa%+4 ,x is us$ especially 9 mak+ ammonium salts1 9 ! prep>ation ( soda by ! ,solvay process 7see ,soda ,manufacture71 & 9 mak+ ice artificially4 ,x is us$ also 9 ! prep>ation ( indigo1 9 lacqu]s & col\rs1 & ! extraction ( *loride ( silv]1 c4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,indu/rial ammonia poison+ is r>e4 ,x occurs mo/ frequ5tly 9 gas works & occasionally 9 its use1 especially ! manufacture ( ammonium salts4 ,^? engag$ 9 sublim+ ammonium c>bonate incur special risk1 b (t5 x is n ! ammonia vap\r s mu* z ! escap+ evil-smell+ gases conta9+ c>bon bisulphide & cyanog5 comp\nds :i* are ! s\rce ( tr\ble4 ,occasionally 9 ! production ( ice ?r\gh leakage or by ! break+ ( c>boys ( ammonia accid5tal poison+ has occurr$4 ,"s cases are cit$ f rec5t lit]ature3 ,a work] 0 r5d]$ unconsci\s & dr[n$ 9 an ammonia wat] well4#a ,two work]s 7 poison$ 7"o fatally7 9 ! conc5tration ( gas liquor4 ,?ree work]s 7 gass$ 7"o fatally7 9 ! prep>ation ( ammonium sulphate 9 a gas works4 ,probably z ! result ( excessive /eam pressure gas wat] 0 driv5 ov] ) ! ammonia into ! sulphuric acid vessel4#b ,eul5b]g#c reports ! occurr5ce ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas poison+ 9 ! production ( ammonium salts4 ,! work]s succumb$ z ?\gh %ot1 al?\gh "w 0 be+ c>ri$ on 9 ! op5 air4 ,!y recov]$ :5 remov$ f ! poison\s atmosph]e4 ,9 a l>ge room ( a *emical factory phosphoric acid 0 be+ saturat$ ) ammonia gas wat] 9 an iron lead-l9$ vessel4 ,c>bonic acid gas & hydrog5 gas 7 evolv$1 b n to su* ext5t z to be noticeable 9 ! l>ge room4 ,a work] n employ$ 9 ! room _h to d some?+ close to ! vessel1 & inhal$ "s ( ! fumes giv5 (f4 ,a few y>ds f ! vessel he 0 f\nd ly+ unconsci\s1 & al?\gh remov$ into ! op5 air fail$ to respond to ! ef=ts at artificial respiration4#d ,lew91 9 an op9ion deliv]$ to ! ,imp]ial ,insurance ,(fice1 describes poison+ 9 a man :o dur+ two days _h be5 employ$ repair+ two ammonia retorts 9 a *emical factory4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! second day he suff]$ f sev]e symptoms ( cat>rh1 f :i* he di$ five days lat]4 ,lew9 consid]$ ! case to be "o ( acute ammonia poison+4#e ,ammonia is frequ5tly us$ 9 full+ clo?1 ! fumes ( :i* collect on ! surface aft] addition ( sulphuric acid to ! settl+ vats4 ,?is is especially liable to occur on a ,monday1 ow+ to ! /&+ ( ! factory ov] ! ,sunday1 s t entrance into ! vats )\t suitable precautions is /rictly =bidd54 ,despite ?is1 a work] did g 9 to fet* out some?+ t _h fall5 91 becom+ imm$iately unconsci\s4 ,a rescu] succumb$ also & lo/ 8 life4 ,! fir/ work] recov]$1 b 0 = long incapacitat$ by p>alytic symptoms4 ,cases ( poison+ 9 ice factories & refrig]ator rooms f defective app>atus are report$4 ,acute & *ronic poison+ among sew] m5 are due ma9ly to sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas & only p>tly to ammonia4 ,! m ammonia & ! less sulphurett$ hydrog5 sew] gases conta9 ! less poison\s are !y4 ,,cyanog5 ,,comp\nds ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,gas ,,purify+4--,cyanog5 comp\nds are /ill sometimes prep>$ by ! orig9al me?od ( heat+ to r$ness nitrog5\s animal refuse 7blood1 lea!r1 horn1 hair1 c47 ) pota% & iron fil+s2 potassium cyanide is =m$ f ! nitrog51 c>bon1 & alkali1 & ?is ) ! sulphur & iron pres5t is easily conv]t$ into potassium f]rocyanide 7yell[ prussiate ( pota%1 ,k,fe,c,n7 by lixiviation ( ! molt5 mass4 ,x cry/allises out on evaporation4 ,cyanog5 comp\nds are obta9$ 9 l>ge quantity f ! mat]ial us$ 9 purify+ ! gas 9 gas works4 ,?is saturat$ sp5t mat]ial conta9s1 9 addition to #cj-dj p] c5t4 ( sulphur1 #h-ae p] c5t4 ( cyanog5 comp\nds & #a-d p] c5t4 ( sulphocyanog5 comp\nds4 ,by lixiviation ) wat] ! soluble ammonium salts are extract$ f ! purify+ mat]ial4 ,?is solution furni%es sulphocyanide ( ammonium1 f :i* ! rema9+ unimportant sulphocyanide comp\nds are obta9$ 7us$ 9 clo? pr9t+74 ,! fur!r treatm5t ( ! purify+ mat]ial = potassium f]rocyanide is r5d]$ difficult because ( ! sulphur1 :i* is ei!r remov$ by c>bon bisulphide & ! f]rocyanide obta9$ by treatm5t ) quicklime & potassium *loride1 or ! mass is mix$ ) quicklime1 /eam$ 9 clos$ vessels1 lixiviat$ ) wat]1 & decompos$ by potassium *loride2 f]rocyanide ( potassium & calcium sep>ates out 9 cry/als1 & ?is1 treat$ ) pota%1 yields potassium f]rocyanide4 ,! well-kn[n non-poison\s pigm5t ,prussian blue is obta9$ by decompos+ f]rocyanide ( pota% ) *loride or oxide ( iron 9 solution4 ,potassium cyanide 7,,kcn7 is prep>$ f potassium f]rocyanide by heat+ 9 abs5ce ( air1 b x is difficult to sep>ate x entirely f ! mixture ( iron & c>bon :i* rema9s4 ,all ! cyanog5 is m easily obta9$ 9 ! =m ( potassium & sodium cyanide f potassium f]rocyanide by melt+ x ) pota% & add+ metallic sodium4 ,! v poison\s hydrocyanic acid 7prussic acid1 ,,hcn7 is =m$ by ! action ( acids on potassium or sodium cyanide2 small quantities inde$ come (f on m]e exposure ( ^! sub/ances to ! air4 ,! increas+ dem& = potassium cyanide has l$ to exp]im5tal processes = produc+ x syn!tically4 ,"o me?od consi/s 9 ! production ( potassium cyanide f pota% & c>bon 9 a curr5t ( ammonia gas4 ,small pieces ( *>coal are fre$ f air1 saturat$ ) a solution ( pota%1 dri$ 9 ! abs5ce ( air1 & heat$ 9 upright iron cyl9d]s to #ajj ,c41 :ile a /ream ( ammonia gas is pass$ ?r\gh4 ,aga91 sodium cyanide is prep>$ f ammonia1 sodium1 & c>bon by introduc+ a def9ite am\nt ( sodium & coal du/ into melt$ sodium cyanide & pass+ ammonia ?r\gh4 ,! solution is !n conc5trat$ 9 vacuo & sodium cyanide cry/allises out on cool+4 ,,use ,,( ,,cyanides4--,potassium cyanide is pr9cipally us$ 9 ! recov]y ( gold1 9 gold & silv] electroplat+1 9 photography1 = sold]+ 7x r$uces oxides & makes metallic surfaces clean71 = ! production ( o!r cyanog5 comp\nds1 = ! removal ( silv] nitrate /a9s1 c4 ,hydrocyanic acid gas is giv5 (f 9 electroplat+1 photography1 9 smelt+ fumes1 9 tann+ 7remov+ hair by gas lime71 c4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,indu/rial cyanog5 poison+ is r>e4 ,weyl#a /ates t he c\ld f9d no case 9 any ( ! ,g]man factory inspectors' reports = ! tw5ty ye>s prior to #ahig1 nor 9 "s tw5ty-five volumes ( =eign factory inspectors' reports4 ,i h f\nd practically ! same 9 my se>* ?r\gh ! mod]n lit]ature4 ,( ! v few ref]5ces to ! subject ,i quote ! mo/ important4 ,a case ( 7presumably7 *ronic hydrocyanic acid poison+ is describ$ 9 a work] engag$ = ?irte5 ye>s 9 silv] electroplat+ ( copp] plates4#b ,! plates 7 dipp$ 9 a silv] cyanide solution & !n bru%$4 ,aft] two ye>s he began to %[ signs ( vomit+1 nausea1 palpitation1 & fatigue1 :i* progress$ & l$ to 8 dea?4 ,a case ( sudd5 dea? is describ$#c occurr+ to a work] 9 a sodium cyanide factory :o inhal$ air mix$ ) hydrocyanic acid gas f a leaky pipe situat$ 9 a cell>4 ,! factory made sodium cyanide & ammonium sulphate f ! residue aft] removal ( ! sug> f molasses4 ,?is is ! only def9ite case ( acute cyanog5 poison+ 9 a factory kn[n to me4 ,i believe t "u mod]n conditions1 9 :i* ! :ole process is c>ri$ on "u negative pressure1 *ance ( escape ( cyanog5 gases is practically exclud$4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t hydrocyanic acid vap\r is giv5 (f 9 ! burn+ ( celluloid4 ,9 ?is way eight p]sons 7 kill$ at a fire 9 a celluloid factory4#d ,sk9 affections are said to be caus$ by contact ) fluids conta9+ cyanog5 comp\nds1 especially 9 electroplat+4 ,x is /at$ t work]s com+ into contact ) solutions conta9+ cyanides may absorb am\nts suffici5t to cause symptoms1 especially if ! sk9 has abrasions4 ,su* cases are describ$4#e ,9 electroplat+1 fur!r1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /rong soda solutions us$1 deep ulc]ation & fissures ( ! sk9 ( ! h& c be caus$4 ,,coal ,,t> ,,& ,,t> ,,products ,( ! products ( ! illum9at+ gas indu/ry t> has consid]ably ! mo/ importance4 ,coal t> z su* has v>i$ use 9 indu/ry1 b f> great] use is made ( ! products obta9$ by fractional di/illation f x su* z b5z5e1 tolu5e1 naph?al5e1 an?rac5e1 c>bolic acid1 pyrid9e1 & ! o!r con/itu5ts ( t>1 a numb] ( :i* =m ! />t+-po9t 9 ! production ( ! enorm\s coal-t> dye indu/ry4 ,especially increas+ is ! consumption ( b5z5e4 ,9 ,g]many alone ?is has increas$ 9 t5 ye>s f #bj to #gj million kilos4 ,?is is p>tly due to ! ne$ ( f9d+ "s *eap sub/itute = b5z9e1 ! consumption & co/ ( :i* has increas$1 & x has 9 _m respects be5 f\nd 9 b5z5e4 ,besides b5z5e & its homologues1 tolu5e1 an?rac5e1 & naph?al5e are valuable4 ,an?rac5e is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( aliz>9e & naph?al5e 9 t ( artificial indigo & ( ! azo-col\rs4 ,c>bolic acid 7ph5ol7 & ! homolog\s cresols s]ve n only z dis9fectants b also 9 ! manufacture ( num]\s col\rs & 9 ! prep>ation ( picric acid & salicylic acid4 ,fur!r1 a numb] ( ph>maceutical prep>ations & sac*>9 are made f ! con/itu5ts ( t>4 ,! important con/itu5ts ( t> are3 #a4 ,hydroc>bons ( ! me?ane s]ies3 p>aff9s1 olef9es2 hydroc>bons ( ! aromatic s]ies3 b5z5e & its homologues1 naph?al5e1 an?rac5e1 ph5an?r5e1 c4 #b4 ,ph5ols 7cresols1 naph?ols74 #c4 ,sulphides3 sulphurett$ hydrog51 c>bon bisulphide1 m]captan1 ?ioph5e4 #d4 ,nitrog5 comp\nds3 ammonia1 me?ylam9e1 anil9e1 pyrid9e1 c4 #e4 ,fifty to sixty p] c5t4 ( t> consi/s ( pit* con/itut+ a mixture ( _m diff]5t sub/ances :i* _c be di/ill$ )\t decomposition4 ,crude t>1 i4e4 t> :i* sep>ates 9 ! dry di/illation ( coal1 is employ$ z su* = pres]v+ all k9ds ( build+ mat]ials1 = t>r+ /reets1 z pla/ic cem5t1 z a dis9fectant1 9 ! prep>ation ( ro(+ pap] or felt1 lampblack1 briquettes1 c4 ,brattice clo? & ro(+ felt are made by pass+ ! mat]ials ?r\gh hot t> & incorporat+ s& ) !m2 9 do+ ?is heavy fumes are giv5 (f4 ,lampblack is made by ! imp]fect combu/ion ( t> or t> oil by lett+ !m drop on to heat$ iron plates ) z limit$ an air supply z possible2 ! burnt gases lad5 ) c>bon p>ticles are drawn ?r\gh sev]al *amb]s or sacks 9 :i* ! soot collects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--,t> ,/ill 7aft] ,krm]7 ,briquettes 7pat5t fuel7 are made by mix+ small coal 7coal du/7 ) t> or pit* & !n press+ !m 9 m\lds4 ,! sep>ation & recov]y ( ! valuable +r$i5ts is effect$ by fractional di/illation4 ,?is is c>ri$ out by heat+ ! t> at gradually increas+ temp]ature 9 a wr\ght-iron /ill1 ! bottom ( :i* is ar*$ & hav+ a ca/-iron /ill head1 or 9 horizontal boil]s by direct fire4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! di/illation ! t> is fre$ z f> z possible ( wat] by /orage4 ,on gradual increase ( temp]ature ! volatile con/itu5ts1 ! s-call$ #8light oil1' & lat] ! heavi] volatile con/itu5ts come ov]4 ,! con/itu5ts are lib]at$ 9 a gase\s /ate & are collect$ 9 fractions4 ,! pit* rema9s beh9d 9 ! /ill4 ,consid]able quantities ( coal t> are n di/ill$ = pit*4 ,(t5 ! light oils & a portion ( ! heavy oils are collect$1 :5 s(t pit* rema9s1 or1 if ! light oils & only a v small portion ( ! heavy oils are collect$1 asphalt rema9s beh9d1 ?is residue be+ us$ z a basis = ! manufacture ( ro(+ felt4 ,! vap\rs are cond5s$ 9 iron coils r\nd :i* cold wat] circulates4 ,! receiv]s 9 :i* ! di/illate is caught are *ang$ at def9ite times z ! temp]ature gradually rises4 ,if five fractions h come ov] !y are call$ 7#a7 fir/ runn+s1 7#b7 light oil to #agj ,c41 7#c7 middle oil 7c>bolic oil to #bcj ,c471 7#d7 heavy oil to #bgj ,c41 & la/ly 7#e7 an?rac5e oil1 :i* di/ills at ov] #bgj ,c42 ! pit* rema9+ beh9d is let out ( ! /ill by an op5+ at ! bottom4 ,we w briefly sket* ! fur!r treatm5t & use ( ^! fractions1 s f> z a k ( ! mo/ important processes is necess>y = our purpose4 #a4 ,! light oils 7includ+ fir/ runn+s7 com+ ov] up to #agj ,c4 are aga9 di/ill$ & !n purifi$ ) sulphuric acid 9 lead-l9$ ca/-iron or lead-l9$ wood5 tanks4 ,! d>k-col\r$ acid us$ = purify+ aft] dilution ) wat]1 :i* precipitates t>ry matt]s1 is treat$ = ammonium sulphate2 ! basic con/itu5ts ( ! light oils extract$ ) sulphuric acid & aga9 lib]at$ by lime yield pyrid9e 7,c,h,n7 & ! homolog\s pyrid9e bases1 a mixture ( :i* is us$ = d5atur+ _s4 ,aft] ! light oils h be5 wa%$ ) dilute cau/ic soda liquor1 :]eby ! ph5ols are remov$1 !y are sep>at$ by ano!r fractional di/illation into 7a7 crude b5zol 7#gj-acj ,c47 & 7b7 solv5t naph?a 7boil+-po9t #acj-agj ,c474 ,crude b5zol 7#gj-adj ,c47 consi/s *iefly ( b5z5e & tolu5e & is sep>at$ into its sev]al con/itu5ts 9 special rectify+ app>atus4 ,= ?is production ( pure b5z5e 7boil+-po9t #hj-hb ,c47 & pure tolu5e 7boil+-po9t #aaj ,c47 fractionat+ app>atus is us$ 7fig4 #bd74 ,! comm]cial products 9 use :i* are obta9$ f ! fractional di/illation ( ! light oil are3 7a7 ,n9ety p] c5t4 b5zol1 s call$ because 9 ! di/illation #ij p] c5t1 %\ld come ov] at a temp]ature ( #ajj ,c4 ,x is made up ( #hj-he p] c5t4 b5z5e1 #ac-ae p] c5t4 tolu5e1 #b-c p] c5t4 xyl5e1 & conta9s1 z impurities1 traces ( olef9es1 p>aff9s1 sulphurett$ hydrog51 & o!r bodies4 7b7 ,fifty p] c5t4 b5zol conta9s #ej p] c5t4 ( con/itu5ts di/ill+ at #ajj ,c4 & #ij p] c5t4 at #abj ,c42 x is a v mix$ product1 ) only #dj-ej p] c5t4 ( b5z5e4 7c7 ,solv5t naph?a1 s call$ because x is l>gely us$ = dissolv+ rubb]1 is free f b5z5e1 b conta9s xyl5e & its homologues & o!r unkn[n hydroc>bons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,column ,app>atus ( ,hickman = ,di/illation ( ,b5z5e 7aft] ,o/7 ,a ,/ill body2 ,b ,analys+ column2 ,c ,cool]2 ,d ,cond5s] = pure di/illate4 ,b5zol is widely us$4 ,n9ety p] c5t4 b5zol is l>gely us$ 9 ! *emical indu/ry1 s]v+ = ! prep>ation ( dye /uffs1 ph>maceutical prep>ations1 sc5ts1 c4 ,9 o!r indu/ries x took ! place ( b5z9e & also ( turp5t9e oil1 especially 9 ! pa9t indu/ry1 s9ce x evaporates quickly & readily dissolves res9s4 ,h5ce x is us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( quick dry+ %ip's pa9ts1 z a protection aga9/ ru/1 & z an isolat+ lacqu] 7acid pro( col\rs7 = electrical app>atus1 9 ! production ( deck v>ni%es1 & z a solv5t ( res9s4 ,?is use ( b5zol 9 ! pa9t indu/ry is by no means unatt5d$ ) dang]1 z b5zol is poison\s4 ,f> less h>mful1 if n altoge!r )\t risk1 is use ( b5zol free solv5t naph?a--b ?is evaporates only sl[ly & h5ce _c take ! place ( b5zol4 ,b5zol s]ves fur!r = fat extraction f bones 9 manure factories & ( caffe9 f c(fee beans4 ,aga91 x is us$ z a motive p[] 9 motor vehicles4 ,! solv5t naph?a above m5tion$ ) boil+-po9t above #adj ,c4 & all ! light oils are employ$ 9 *emical clean+ & = dissolv+ indi>ubb] 7see ,indi>ubb]74 ,^! are kn[n 9 ! trade errone\sly z #8b5z9e1' :i* un=tunately (t5 leads to confusion ) petroleum b5z9e 7see ,petroleum7 & to mi/akes 9 toxicological acc\nts ( poison+4 #b4 ,betwe5 #aej & #bjj ,c4 ! middle oil comes ov]1 f :i* on cool+ naph?al5e 7,c,h7 cry/allises out1 & is subsequ5tly wa%$ ) cau/ic soda liquor & ) acid2 x is re-di/ill$ & hot press$4 ,! rema9+ liquor yields1 :5 extract$ ) cau/ic soda1 ph5ol 7c>bolic acid1 ,c,h,,oh71 :i*1 on addition ( sulphuric acid or c>bonic acid1 sep>ates f ! solution & !n--g5]ally 9 special factories--is obta9$ pure by di/illation & special purify+ processes4 ,f ! sodium salt ( c>bolic acid 7sodium ph5olate7 salicylic acid 7,c,h,,oh4,,cooh7 is obta9$ by comb9ation ) compress$ ,,co at a temp]ature ( #aej ,c4 ,picric acid 7tr9itroph5ol1 ,c,h,,oh47,,no77 is obta9$ by treat+ ph5ol ) a mixture ( sulphuric & nitric acids 7nitration74 ,! yell[ cry/als ( ?is explosive :i* sep>ate are c>efully wa%$1 recry/allis$1 c5trifugalis$1 & dri$4 #c4 ,! heavy oils :i* come ov] betwe5 #bjj & #cjj ,c4 conta9+ cresols1 naph?ols1 naph?al9e1 qu9ol9e bases1 fluid p>aff9s1 c41 are seldom sep>at$ fur!r4 ,! dis9fectants lysol1 sapoc>bolic1 c41 are obta9$ f su* fractions4 ,! heavy oils are mu* 9 use = impregnat+ wood 7piles1 railway sleep]s1 c471 to prev5t rott+4 ,?is is done 9 special creosot+ in/allations4 ,! wood is fir/ fre$ f moi/ure "u vacuum & la/ly ! heavy oil =c$ 94 ,?is is a bett] means ( pres]v+ timb] ?an ! analog\s me?od by means ( *loride ( z9c4 #d4 ,an?rac5e oil or #8gre5 oil' comes ov] betwe5 #cjj & #djj ,c4 & conta9s ! valuable an?rac5e :i* cry/allises out1 is sep>at$ f ! oil 9 filt] presses1 or dri$ 9 c5trifugal ma*9es4 ,aliz>9 dyes are made f x4 ,raw an?rac5e oil fur!r is us$ comm]cially z a pa9t "u ! "n ( c>bol9eum = pres]v+ wood4 #e4 ,! pit* rema9+ beh9d 9 ! /ill s]ves 7l t>7 = mak+ v>ni%es1 pat5t fuel1 c4 ,= our purpose use ( pit* 9 ! prep>ation ( iron v>ni%es :i* adh]e to metals & protect !m f oxidation h int]e/4 ,pit* & ! heavy oils are melt$ toge!r or1 if = ?9 v>ni%es1 dissolv$ 9 solv5t naph?a4 ,! volatile con/itu5ts evaporate aft] ! coat has be5 appli$4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,sev]e injury to heal? or poison+ cases sc>cely arise ?r\gh manipulations ) or use ( t>4 ,inhalation1 h[ev]1 ( l>ge quantities ( t> vap\r is )\t d\bt unpleasant1 z a numb] ( poison\s sub/ances are conta9$ 9 ! fumes4 ,& ! ammonia wat] :i* sep>ates on /&+ c give (f unpleasantly smell+ od\rs f ! sulphur comp\nds 9 x1 especially if x comes into contact ) wa/e acids1 ) consequ5t developm5t ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,i c\ld n f9d 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject ref]5ces to any cle>ly prov$ case ( poison+ f t> emanations4 ,b des]v+ ( m5tion 9 ?is connection are ! effects on ! sk9 caus$ by t>4 ,work]s com+ into contact ) t> suff] f an inflammatory affection ( ! sk91 s-call$ t> eczema1 :i* occasionally takes on a canc]\s 7epi!lioma7 nature simil> to *imney-sweep's canc]1 hav+ its seat pr$om9antly on ! scrotum4 ,9 lampblack work]s :o tread d[n ! soot 9 receptacles ! malady has be5 obs]v$ to affect ! l[] extremities & especially ! toes4 ,9 t> di/illation & 9 ! production & use ( b5z5e indu/rial poison+ frequ5tly occurs4 ,_m cases are record$1 b 9 sev]al ! imm$iate excit+ cause is d\btful1 & consequ5tly x is (t5 difficult to classify ! cases4 ,mo/ frequ5tly ! manufacture & use ( b5z5e come 9 "q4 ,besides ?is1 9 t> di/illation poison+ may be caus$ by o!r sub/ances1 su* z sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 c>bonic oxide gas1 c4 ,9 ! production ( antipyr91 aspir91 c41 & 9 ! prep>ation & use ( an?rac5e injury to heal? is recognis$4 ,f ! li/ ( recognis$ cases ( ^! =ms ( poison+ ! mo/ *>act]i/ic are *os5 f ! rec5t lit]ature on ! subject4 ,! ,prussian factory inspectors' reports = #aijd describe ! foll[+3 ,9 clean+ out a t> /ill two work]s 7 kill$ by inhalation ( gas4 ,! nature ( ! gas 0 n asc]ta9$4 ,b :at probably happ5$ 0 t ! cock on ! f\l gas pipe collect+ ! gases f ! /ills leak$ & all[$ fumes to pass ov] f "o /ill to ano!r4 ,a =eman & work] 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s on ent]+ a receiv] = heavy oil = clean+ purposes4 ,on treatm5t ) oxyg5 gas !y spe$ily recov]$4 ,indu/rial b5z5e poison+ is especially frequ5t n[ 9 view ( ! increas+ use to :i* x is put4 ,sev]al cases h prov$ fatal4 ,a work]1 = in/ance1 =got to op5 ! cock = ! wat] to cool ! cond5s]1 s t "s ( ! b5z5e vap\r rema9$ uncond5s$4 ,! case prov$ fatal4 ,! ,report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aije /at$ t a work] on night duty1 ^: duty x 0 to regulate ! introduction ( /eam & ! cool+ ( ! b5zol plant1 0 f\nd ly+ dead 9 front ( ! build+4 ,inquiry %[$ t he _h n op5$ ! valve = runn+ ! di/illate into ! appropriate receiv]4 ,eight ?\s& litres ov]fl[$4 ,9 an indi>ubb] extract+ factory a work] 0 r5d]$ unconsci\s :ile inspect+ a b5zol /ill2 be=e ent]+ he _h omitt$ to obs]ve ! in/ructions to drive /eam ?r\gh & h a mate on wat* at ! manhole4 ,two o!r workm5 7 simil>ly affect$ :o w5t to ! rescue )\t adoption ( precautions4 ,only "o surviv$4 ,9 a fur!r accid5t 7already m5tion$ "u #8,coke ,furnaces'7 two workm5 7 kill$4 ,9 ! factory 9 "q ! ?ick t> f ! coke ov5s 0 be+ di/ill$ "u slight pressure4 ,! air pumps1 h[ev]1 7 out ( ord]1 & tempor>y use 0 be+ made ( ,krt+'s injectors1 :]eby ! /eam & t> con/itu5ts 7 cool$ & l$ into ! dra9 9 front ( ! closet1 ne> to :i* 0 a v5tilat+ %aft4 ,probably1 9 addition to b5z5e & its homologues1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 & cyanog5 comp\nds 7 pres5t 9 ! poison\s gases4 ,9 clean+ out a b5z5e extract+ app>atus a workman 0 kill$ by ! /agnant fumes 9 x4 ,a simil> case ( b5z5e poison+ occurr$ 9 a naph?alam9e works ?r\gh inspect+ an extract+ vessel :i* _h conta9$ b5z5e & naph?alam9e & _h to be clean$4 ,! vessel _h be5 empty = tw5ty-two h\rs & _h be5 wa%$ & v5tilat$1 b ?r\gh a leak+ pipe b5z5e _h dropp$ d[n into x4 ,! workman engag$ 0 r5d]$ unconsci\s inside ! retort1 b 0 rescu$ by an eng9e] equipp$ ) a brea?+ helmet4 ,o!rs :o )\t su* app>atus tri$ to effect a rescue 7 ov]come1 & "o :o _h ent]$ ! retort succumb$4#a ,b5z5e poison+ has (t5 occurr$ 9 ! clean+ ( tanks1 c41 = ! transport & /orage ( ! sub/ance4 ,! foll[+ examples are tak5 f ! ,reports ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry4 ,a work] dur+ ! pause = breakfa/ _h1 unkn[n to 8 employ]1 clean$ out an empty truck = crude b5zol4 ,lat] he 0 ) difficulty remov$ unconsci\s ?r\gh ! manhole & c\ld n be resuscitat$4 ,only a %ort "t previ\sly a simil> occurr5ce _h tak5 place 9 ! same factory4 ,two fur!r fatal cases 7 report$ 9 #aijh 9 ! clean+ out ( railway tank waggons4 ,! tank _h previ\sly be5 ?or\ghly spray$ ) wat]4 ,! p>tition plates :i* are requir$ 9 su* tanks increase ! difficulty ( clean+ f ! manhole4 ,aft] ! =eman _h te/$ ! air by putt+ 8 head inside & consid]$ x free f dang]1 a man ent]$ to clean out ! deposit2 ano!r man on wat* outside _h evid5tly gone 9 = rescue purposes4 ,resuscitation 9 bo? cases fail$4 ,a work] di$ & sev]al 7 affect$ 9 ! clean+ out ( a b5zol /orage tank 9 a t> di/ill]y4 ,! tank _h _h air bl[n ?r\gh x sev]al weeks be=e1 & _h be5 ?or\ghly clean$ by /eam & wat]4 ,also 9 ! inspection ! greate/ c>e 0 tak5 9 only p]mitt+ "w = %ort spells4 ,?is %[s t1 not)/&+ great c>e1 ! la/ traces ( b5zol _c be entirely remov$ & t q small quantities are suffici5t to cause sev]e & ev5 fatal poison+4 ,work]s %\ld only clean out tanks1 !re=e1 :5 prop]ly equipp$ ) helmets4 ,9 ! ,g]man factory inspectors' reports = #aijb a case ( intoxication is describ$ 9 a man :o 0 engag$ pa9t+ ! inside ( an iron res]voir ) an asphalt pa9t dissolv$ 9 b5zol4 ,( special int]e/ is a fatal case f inhalation ( b5zol fumes 9 a rubb] factory4 ,rubb] dissolv$ 9 b5zol 0 be+ rubb$ into ! clo? on a spread+ ma*9e 9 ! usual way4 ,! clo? !n passes "u ! clean+ doctor along ! long heat$ plate to ! end rolls4 ,( ! ?ree m5 employ$ at ! process "o 0 f\nd to be unconsci\s & c\ld n be br\ght r\nd aga94 ,! cases describ$#b ( poison+ ) impure b5zol 9 a pneumatic tyre factory 9 ,upsala are1 p]haps1 analog\s4 ,"h n9e "y wom5 _h sev]e symptoms1 f\r ( :om di$4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! cases :i* occurr$ 9 rubb] factories x is conceivable t c>bon bisulphide play$ a "p1 s9ce 9 su* factories n only are mixtures ( b5zol & c>bon bisulphide us$1 b also frequ5tly ! #8fir/ runn+s' ( b5zol1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! high proportion 7sometimes #ej p] c5t47 ( c>bon bisulphide 9 !m1 make an excell5t solv5t = rubb]4 ,f "s coke ov5s crude b5zol 0 collect$ 9 two l>ge iron receiv]s4 ,!y 7 sunk 9 a pit project+ v little above ! gr\nd4 ,to control ! valves ! workm5 _h to m\nt on ! receiv]1 ! manholes ( :i* 7 kept op5 dur+ fill+4 ,! pit 0 ro($ ov] & two wood5 %afts s]v$ bo? = v5tilation & z approa*es to ! valves4 ,"o summ] day b5zol _h be5 bl[n 9 ! usual way into a railway truck & a work] _h ent]$ ! space to control ! valves4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds he 0 f\nd 9 a d\bl$-up position on ! receiv]1 grasp+ ! valves1 f :i* lat] he fell (f d[n to ! bottom ( ! pit4 ,?ree rescu]s ent]$1 b _h to retire z !y became affect$4 ,a f\r? work]1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! manag]1 0 let d[n by a rope1 b succumb$ imm$iately & 0 dragg$ up a corpse4 ,f9ally1 equipp$ ) a smoke helmet1 a rescu] br\ght up ! lifeless body ( ! fir/ man4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! b5zol _h di/ill$ ov] w>m & _h evaporat$ to su* an ext5t z to fill ) fumes ! unsuitably arrang$ & inadequately v5tilat$ space4 ,possibly o!r volatile comp\nds 7 responsible = ! poison+4#c ,a simil> ?\gh less s]i\s accid5t occurr$ to a =eman :o =got to set ! cool+ app>atus at "w at ! comm5cem5t ( di/illation1 & became unconsci\s f ! escap+ fumes1 z also did a rescu]4 ,! latt] 0 br\ght r\nd by oxyg5 inhalation1 b ! =m]1 al?\gh alive :5 recov]$1 succumb$ despite ef=ts at artificial respiration4 ,a fatal case occurr$ 9 an anil9e factory :]e b5zol fumes _h escap$ ow+ to faulty arrangem5t ( ! valves4 ,! work]1 al?\gh ord]$ at once to leave ! room1 0 f\nd !re t5 m9utes lat] dead4 ,int]e/+ are ! foll[+ cases ( accid5ts due to use ( pa9ts conta9+ b5zol4 ,9 pa9t+ a retort ) an anti-corrosive pa9t call$ #8,orig9al ,anti-corrosive1' unconsci\sness foll[$ on completion ( ! pa9t+1 b by prompt rescue & m$ical assi/ance life 0 sav$4 ,! accid5t 0 attribut$ to b5zol fumes f ! pa9t insuffici5tly dilut$ by ! air com+ 9 at ! op5 manhole4 ,a simil> case arose f use ( a ru/-prev5t+ pa9t--#8,preoli?'--& only ) difficulty 0 ! man us+ x pull$ out f ! inside ( ! /eam boil]4 ,al?\gh resuscitat$ by oxyg5 inhalation1 he 0 incapacitat$ = eight days4 ,crude b5zol 0 a con/itu5t ( #8,preoli?4' ,obvi\sly use ( su* pa9ts 9 closely conf9$ spaces is v risky4 ,! frequ5cy ( su* poison+s caus$ ,s*aef]1#d ,inspector ( ,factories 9 ,hamburg1 to g fully into ! "q4 ,he lays /ress on ! dang]\s nature ( pa9ts conta9+ a high proportion ( b5zol1 b consid]s use ( unpurifi$ con/itu5ts ) boil+-po9t betwe5 #acj-agj ,c41 su* z solv5t naph?a1 z free f risk 7cf4 9 ,"p ,,ii ! exp]im5ts on b5z5e & ! comm]cial k9ds ( b5zol74 ,s*aef] m5tions t 9 #aijc & #aijd cases ( unconsci\sness f pa9t+ ! inside ( boil]s 7 num]\s4 ,! proportion ( b5zol 9 ! pa9ts 0 #bj-cj p] c5t4 ,9 #aije & #aijf ! cases 7 attributable r to inhalation ( hydroc>bons 9 clean+ ( app>atus4 ,use ( #8,d]mat9' affect$ two pa9t]s4 ,"o case 9 #aijf happ5$ to a man pa9t+ ! d\ble bottom ( a %ip 9 ,hamburg h>b\r ) #8,black ,v>ni% ,oil' ?r\gh ! manhole1 9 do+ :i* he inhal$ mu* ( ! fumes4 ,?is pa9t consi/$ ( coal-t> pit* 9 light coal-t> oil1 ! latt] con/itu5t 7di/ill+ at #agj ,c47 am\nt+ to #ca-cc p] c5t4 ,inve/igation %[$ fur!r t ! bulk ( ! t> oil volatilis$ at ord9>y temp]atures & s quickly dri$4 ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas 0 giv5 (f on slight w>m+4 ,! p]son aft] us+ x = "s "t felt poorly1 & !n became ill ) sev]e inflammation ( ! respiratory passages1 :i* prov$ fatal aft] tw5ty-f\r days4 ,sev]al simil> cases occurr$ 9 #aijh & #aiji4 ,pa9t+ ! inside ( a boil] ) #8,auxul9' caus$ unconsci\sness 9 f\r p]sons1 ( :om ?ree 7 rescu]s4 ,a fatal case 0 due to use ( a pat5t col\r conta9+ #cj-dj p] c5t4 b5zol 9 an entirely clos$-9 space 7*a9-well71 al?\gh ! work] 0 all[$ out into fre% air at frequ5t int]vals4 ,a case ( *ronic indu/rial xyl5e poison+ is describ$ 9 a work] us+ x = impregnat+ indi>ubb] goods4 ,! symptoms 7 n]v\s1 resembl+ neura/h5ia4 ,"s ( ! cases ( poison+1 especially :5 sev]e & fatal1 9 ! production ( di/illation con/itu5ts ( coal t> are d\btless attributable to sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,?us 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ye>s #aija-c1 !re 7 elev5 fatal & z _m o!r sev]e cases report$ f t> di/ill]ies1 ( :i* ! majority 7 due to sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,"o case ( c>bonic oxide poison+ 9 coal-t> di/illation is describ$4#e ,9 clean+ out pit* f a /ill f\rte5 days aft] ! la/ di/illation a workman succumb$ to c>bonic oxide poison+4 ,?is is at all ev5ts a r>e ev5tuality1 s9ce no o!r case is to be f\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject1 b x is a pro( t 9 ! la/ /age ( coal-t> di/illation c>bonic oxide plays a "p4 ,m5tion mu/ be made ( ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( sev]e sk9 affections 9 an?rac5e work]s2 !y take ! =m ( an eruption on ! h&s1 arms1 feet1 knees1 c41 & sometimes develop into canc]4 ,obs]vations 9 a *emical factory s9ce #ahib %[$ t ( ?irty ?us affect$ 9 ! c\rse ( t5 ye>s tw5ty-two came into contact ) p>aff94 ,artificial ,organic ,dye ,/uffs 7,coal-t> ,col\rs7 ,,manufacture4--,! />t+-po9ts = ! prep>ation ( artificial coal-t> dyes are ma9ly ^? aromatic comp\nds 7hydroc>bons7 describ$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,besides ^!1 h[ev]1 !re are ! d]ivatives ( ! fatty s]ies su* z me?yl alcohol 7wood _s71 e?yl alcohol1 phosg5e1 &1 latt]ly1 =maldehyde4 ,! hydroc>bons ( ! b5z5e s]ies f t> di/illation are deliv]$ almo/ pure to ! col\r factory4 ,( ^! b5z5e1 tolu5e1 xyl5e1 naph?al5e1 an?rac5e1 & ! ph5ols1 cresols1 c41 h to be consid]$4 ,fur!r treatm5t is z foll[s3 #a4 ,nitration1 i4e4 introduction ( a nitro-gr\p by means ( nitric acid4 #b4 ,r$uction ( ! nitrat$ products to am9es4 #c4 ,sulphonation1 i4e4 conv]sion to sulphonic acids by means ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 #d4 ,! sulphonic acids are conv]t$ into ph5ols by fus+ ) cau/ic soda4 #e4 ,introduction ( *lor9e & brom9e4 ,nitro-d]ivatives are te*nically obta9$ by ! action ( a mixture ( nitric & conc5trat$ sulphuric acids on ! aromatic body 9 "q4 ,! mo/ important example is nitrob5z5e4 ,b5z5e is treat$ = sev]al h\rs 9 cyl9drical ca/-iron pans ) nitric & conc5trat$ sulphuric acids4 ,! vessel is cool$ ext]nally & well agitat$4 ,a temp]ature ( #be ,c4 %\ld n be exce$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,prep>ation ( ,int]m$iate ,products 9 ! ,anil9e ,col\r ,indu/ry 7,clos$ ,app>atus71 %[+ ,arrangem5t = ,cond5sation 7aft] ,leymann7 ,on /&+ ! fluid sep>ates into two lay]s3 ! l[] consi/s ( dilute sulphuric acid 9 :i* !re is /ill "s nitric acid1 & ! upp] ( nitrob5z5e4 ,! latt] is fre$ ( rema9s ( acid by wa%+ & ( wat] by di/illation4 ,tolu5e & xyl5e are nitrat$ 9 ! same way4 ,d9itro products 7su* z metad9itrob5z5e7 are obta9$ by fur!r action ( ! nitro-sulphuric acid mixture on ! mononitro-comp\nd at high] temp]ature4 ,= conv]sion ( ph5ol into picric acid 7tr9itroph5ol7 ! use ( a nitro-sulphuric acid mixture is necess>y4 ,! aromatic bases 7anil9e1 toluid9e1 xylid9e7 are obta9$ by r$uction ( ! correspond+ nitro-comp\nd by means ( iron fil+s & acid 7hydro*loric1 sulphuric1 or acetic74 ,?us 9 ! case ( anil9e pure nitrob5z5e is decompos$ 9 an iron cyl9drical app>atus1 provid$ ) agitators & a cond5s]1 & avoidance ( a too viol5t reaction1 by means ( f9e iron fil+s & ab\t #e p] c5t4 hydro*loric acid4 ,aft] completion ( ! reaction ! cont5ts are r5d]$ alkal9e by addition ( lime & ! anil9e di/ill$ ov]4 ,manufacture ( toluid9e & xylid9e is analog\s4 ,dime?ylanil9e is obta9$ by heat+ anil9e1 anil9e hydro*loride1 & me?yl alcohol4 ,die?ylanil9e is prep>$ 9 an analog\s way ) ! use ( e?yl alcohol4 ,by ! action ( nitr\s acid 7sodium nitrite & hydro*loric acid7 on ! acid solution ( ! la/-nam$ comp\nd ! nitroso comp\nds are =m$4 ,sulphonic acids arise by ! action ( conc5trat$ or fum+ sulphuric acid on ! correspond+ bodies ( ! aromatic s]ies3 b5z5e disulphonic acid f b5z5e & fum+ sulphuric acid1 c4 ,ph5ols & cresols are obta9$ pure f t> di/illation4 ,! rema9+ hydroxyl d]ivatives 7resorc91 - & -naph?ol1 c471 are g5]ally obta9$ by ! action ( conc5trat$ cau/ic soda on aromatic sulphonic acids4 ,! mo/ important aromatic aldehyde1 b5zaldehyde1 is obta9$ f tolu5e2 on introduc+ *lor9e at boil+ temp]ature b5zyl *loride is fir/ =m$1 !n b5zal-*loride & f9ally b5zo-tri*loride4 ,9 heat+ b5zal-*loride ) milk ( lime 7"u pressure7 b5zaldehyde is =m$ 7,c,h,,coh74 ,picric acid & naph?ol yell[ belong to ! nitro dye/uffs2 ! la/ nam$ is obta9$ by sulphonat+ -naph?ol ) fum+ sulphuric acid & by ! action ( nitric acid on ! sulphonat$ mixture4 ,nitroso d]ivatives ( aromatic ph5ols yield 7) metal oxides7 ! mat]ial = production ( nitroso dye/uffs4 ,to ^! belong naph?ol gre51 c4 ,! mo/ important azo dye/uffs te*nically are produc$ 9 pr9ciple by ! action ( nitr\s acid on ! aromatic am9es4 ,! amido comp\nd is conv]t$ into ! diazo salt by treatm5t ) sodium nitrite 9 acid solution4 ,?us diazo-b5z5e is made f anil9e4 ,diazo comp\nds are n usually isolat$ b imm$iately c\pl$ ) o!r suitable comp\nds--amido d]ivatives1 ph5ols--i4e4 conv]t$ into azo comp\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,nitrat+ ,plant 7aft] ,leymann7 ,i ,nitric acid ,,ii ,balance ,,iii ,/orage tank ,,iv ,nitrat+ pan ,v ,wa/e acid tank ,,vi ,acid egg ,,vii ,hydroc>bon ,,viii ,balance ,,ix ,/orage tank ,x ,wa%+ vessel ,,xi ,c5trifugal ma*9e ,,xii ,egg - - - ,exhau/ v5tilation pipe4 ,! comb9ation ( ! two con/itu5ts takes place at once & quantitatively4 ,! col\r is sep>at$ f ! aque\s solution by salt+-out1 & is !n put ?r\gh a filt] press4 ,! reactions are c>ri$ out g5]ally 9 wood5 vats arrang$ 9 /ages4 ,besides a second1 a ?ird con/itu5t c be introduc$1 & 9 ?is way naph?ol--& naph?ylam9e sulphonic acids yield a l>ge numb] ( col\r+ matt]s4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( azo dye/uffs c ?us be produc$ by ! v>iation ( ! fir/ compon5t 7! prim>y base7 ) ! second & aga9 ) ! ?ird compon5t1 b x w\ld c>ry u too f> to deal fur!r ) _! prep>ation4 ,an?rac5e col\rs--yield+ s-call$ direct dyes--are prep>$ f an?rac5e1 :i* is conv]t$ into an?raqu9one by ! action ( bi*romate & dilute sulphuric acid :5 heat$2 ! crude #8qu9one' is purifi$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & conv]t$ into an?raqu9one monosulphonic acid to s]ve 9 ! prep>ation ( aliz>91 :i* is made f x by heat+ = sev]al days ) conc5trat$ cau/ic soda to :i* sodium *lorate is add$4 ,! process is c>ri$ on 9 ca/-iron pans provid$ ) agitators4 ,aliz>9 is ! />t+-po9t = ! aliz>9 dyes1 b ( _! production we w n speak fur!r1 z !y1 & inde$ mo/ ( ! coal-t> dyes1 are non-poison\s4 ,indigo to-day is g5]ally obta9$ by syn!sis4 ,x is prep>$ f ph5ylglyc9e or ph5ylglyc9e or?o-c>boxylic acid1 :i* on heat+ ) sodamide becomes conv]t$ into indoxyl or indoxyl c>boxylic acid4 ,^! 9 pres5ce ( an alkali 9 wat]y solution & exposure to ! oxyg5 ( ! air imm$iately =m indigo4 ,! necess>y glyc9e d]ivatives are obta9$ by ! action ( mono*loracetic acid on anil9e or an?ranilic acid1 :i* aga9 are d]iv$ f naph?al5e 7by oxidation to ph?alic acid & treatm5t ( ph?alimide ) blea*+ p[d] & soda liquor74 ,fu*s9 belongs to ! gr\p ( triph5ylme?ane dye/uffs1 ) ! production ( :i* ! epo* ( coal-t> col\r manufacture began1 f ! obs]vation t impure anil9e on oxidation gave a r$ col\r4 ,! orig9al me?od ( manufacture ) ars5ic acid is practically giv5 up 9 consequ5ce ( ! unpleasant effects :i* use & recov]y ( l>ge quantities ( ars5ic acid gave rise to4 ,! me?od consi/$ 9 heat+ a mixture ( anil9e & toluid9e ) a solution ( ars5ic acid "u agitation 9 ca/-iron cyl9d]s4 ,! cool$ & solidifi$ mass f ! retorts 0 boil$1 & f ! hot solution1 aft] filtration1 ! raw fu*s9 0 precipitat$ ) salt & purifi$ by cry/allisation4 ,n[ by ! usual nitrob5z5e process1 anil9e1 toluid9e1 nitrob5z5e1 & nitrotolu5e are heat$ ) admixture ( hydro*loric acid & "s iron proto*loride or z9c *loride4 ,fur!r treatm5t resembles ! ars5ic process4 ,by alkylation1 i4e4 sub/itution ( sev]al hydrog5 atoms ( ! amido-gr\ps by e?yl1 c41 ?r\gh ! action ( alkyl halog5s & o!rs1 x 0 f\nd possible to conv]t fu*s9 into o!r triph5ylme?ane col\rs4 ,b x 0 soon f\nd simpl] to transf] already alkylat$ am9es into ! col\rs 9 "q4 ,?us1 = example1 to prep>e me?yl violet dime?yl anil9e 0 heat$ = a long "t ) salt1 copp] *loride1 & ph5ol conta9+ cresol 9 iron mix+ drums4 ,! product is fre$ f salt & ph5ol by wat] & calcium hydrate1 subsequ5tly treat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 or sodium sulphide1 & ! col\r sep>at$ f copp] sulphide by dissolv+ 9 dilute acid4 ,m5tion mu/ be made1 f9ally1 ( ! sulphur dyes obta9$ by heat+ organic comp\nds ) sulphur or sodium sulphide4 ,= ! purpose d]ivatives ( diph5ylam9e1 nitro- & amido-ph5ols1 c41 s]ve z ! />t+-po9t4 ,,effects ,,on ,,heal?4--,f :at has be5 said ( ! manufacture ( coal-t> dyes x is evid5t t poison+ c arise f ! initial sub/ances us$ 7b5z5e1 tolu5e1 c471 f ! elem5ts or comp\nds employ$ 9 c>ry+ out ! reactions 7su* z *lor9e1 nitric acid1 sulphuric acid1 ars5i\s acid1 sodium sulphide1 & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas71 f ! int]m$iate bodies =m$ 7nitro & amido comp\nds1 su* z nitrob5z5e1 d9itrob5z5e1 anil9e1 c471 & t1 f9ally1 ! end products 7! dyes !mselves7 c act z poisons4 ,x has already be5 said t mo/ ( ! dyes are q h>mless unless contam9at$ ) ! poison\s sub/ances us$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,we h se5 t _m ( ! raw sub/ances us$ 9 ! manufacture ( coal-t> dyes are poison\s1 & we %all le>n t sev]al ( ! int]m$iate products 7especially ! nitro & amido comp\nds7 are s also4 ,accord+ to ,gr&homme1#a ( ! raw mat]ials b5z5e is ! "o responsible = mo/ poison+4 ,he describes two fatal cases ( b5z5e poison+4 ,9 "o case ! work] 0 employ$ = a %ort "t 9 a room *>g$ ) b5z5e fumes1 da%$ sudd5ly out ( x1 & di$ %ortly aft]4 ,9 ! o!r1 ! workman 0 employ$ clean+ out a vessel 9 :i* lixiviation ) b5z5e _h tak5 place4 ,al?\gh ! vessel _h be5 /eam$ & prop]ly cool$1 s mu* b5z5e fume came (f 9 empty+ ! residue z to ov]come ! workman & cause dea? 9 a %ort "t4 ,gr&homme describes no injuri\s effect f naph?al5e nor1 inde$1 f an?rac5e1 :i* he consid]$ 0 )\t effect on ! work]s4 ,simil>ly1 8 report z to nitrob5z5e 0 fav\rable4 ,no report$ case ( poison+ occurr$ among tw5ty-"o m5 employ$1 9 "s ( :om duration ( employm5t 0 f t5 to tw5ty ye>s4 ,anil9e poison+1 h[ev]1 0 frequ5t among !m4 ,9 ! ?ree ye>s !re 0 a total ( =ty-two cases ( anilism1 involv+ #aic sick days--an av]age ( f\rte5 cases a ye> & sixty-f\r sick days4 ,none 0 fatal & "s 7 q transi5t attacks4 ,9 ! fu*s9 dep>tm5t no cases occurr$1 & any evil effects 9 ! manufacture 7 attributable to ars5ic 9 ! n[ obsolete ars5ic process4 ,nor 0 poison+ obs]v$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! dyes 9 ! rema9+ dep>tm5ts--blues1 dahlias1 gre5s1 resorc91 or eos94 ,9 ! manufacture ( me?yl5e blue ,gr&homme po9ts out ! possibility ( evolution ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas f use ( hydro*loric acid & z9c conta9+ ars5ic4 ,poison+ 0 abs5t also 9 ! dep>tm5ts :]e aliz>9e col\rs & ph>maceutical prep>ations 7 made4 ,among ! #bejj-bgjj work]s ,gr&homme records #abb cases ( indu/rial sickness 9 ! ?ree ye>s #ahic-e1 involv+ #gbd sick days4 ,9 addition to =ty-two cases ( anilism !re 7 sev5ty-six cases ( lead poison+ ) #ecc sick days4 ,mo/ ( ^! 7 n lead burn]s1 b work]s newly employ$ 9 ! nitrat+ dep>tm5t :o neglect$ ! prescrib$ precaution>y measures4 ,la/ly1 he m5tions ! occurr5ce ( *rome ulc]ation4 ,! frequ5cy ( sickness 9 ! ,h*/ factory 9 ea* ( ! ye>s #ahic-e 0 rem>kably high3 #abf p] c5t41 #ia p] c5t41 & #ie p] c5t4 ,mu* less 0 ! morbidity 9 ! ye>s #ahii-aijf--;ab\t #ff p] c5t4--record$ by ,leymann#b--probably ! same ,h*/ factory ) #bjjj to #bbjj employ$4 ,& ! cases ( indu/rial poison+ also 7 less4 ,he cites only tw5ty-"o 9 ! :ole ( ! p]iod #ahii-aijf4 ,( ^! twelve 7 due to anil9e1 involv+ ?irty sick days1 only five to lead poison+1 ) fifty-f\r sick days1 "o to *rome ulc]ation1 "o to ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas 7n9e sick days71 & "o fatal case ea* f sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas & f dime?yl sulphate4 ,9 #ahii1 ( ?ree slight cases ( anil9e poison+ "o 0 attributable to p>anitranil9e 7inhalation ( du/71 & ! two o!rs to spurt+ ( anil9e oil on to ! clo?+1 :i* 0 n at once *ang$4 ,( ! f\r cases 9 #aijj1 "o 0 a plumb] repair+ pipes convey+ anil9e & ! o!rs p]sons ^: clo!s _h be5 spla%$4 ,9 #aijc a work] employ$ = elev5 & a half ye>s 9 ! anil9e dep>tm5t di$ ( canc] ( ! bladd]4 ,su* canc]\s tum\rs h = "s ye>s be5 n infrequ5tly obs]v$ 9 anil9e work]s1 & op]ations = _! removal p]=m$4 ,leymann ?9ks x v probable t ! affection is set up1 or its orig9 fav\r$1 by anil9e4 ,?is view mu/ be accept$1 & ! disease reg>d$ z ( indu/rial orig94 ,?ree slight cases 9 #aijd & #aije 7 due p>tly to contam9ation ( clo?+ & p>tly to inhalation ( fumes4 ,( ! five cases ( lead poison+ ?ree 7 ref]able to previ\s lead employm5t4 ,p]=ation ( ! septum ( ! nose by bi*romate du/ 0 report$ once only4 ,a fatal case f sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas & a case ( poison+ by ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas occurr$ 9 #aijf1 b _! orig9 c\ld n be trac$4 ,9 l>ge mod]n anil9e dye factories1 !re=e1 ! heal? ( ! work]s is1 on ! :ole1 good & indu/rial poison+ r>e4 ,comp>ison ( ! two sets ( /ati/ics %[ t improvem5t 9 heal? has foll[$ on improv$ me?ods ( manufacture4 ,su* cases ( anil9e poison+ z are report$ are usually slight1 & (t5 acc\nt$ = by c>elessness on ! "p ( ! work]s4 ,data z to ! heal? ( work]s 9 factories manufactur+ or us+ nitro comp\nds are giv5 9 ! ,engli% factory inspectors' reports = #aije4 ,ev5 ) =tnightly m$ical exam9ation 9 !m1 m ?an half ! work]s %[$ signs ( anmia & slight cyanosis4 ,two m5 9 a factory employ+ twelve m5 9 ! manufacture ( nitro comp\nds 7 treat$ 9 hospital = cyanosis1 di/ress ( brea?+1 & g5]al weakness4 ,"o _h only work$ 9 ! factory = n9e days4 ,9 ano!r badly v5tilat$ factory1 ( tw5ty p]sons exam9$ f\rte5 %[$ blui%-grey coloration ( ! lips & face1 t5 7 di/9ctly anmic1 & six %[$ tremor & weakness ( grasp4 ,nitrob5z5e poison+ arises f ! fumes pres5t 9 anil9e & roburite factories4 ,acute & *ronic poison+ by nitro comp\nds ( ! b5z5e s]ies are describ$1 br\ght ab\t by accid5t 7fracture ( transport vessels7 & by c>elessness 7spla%+ on to clo!s74 ,cases ( optic neuritis 7inflammation ( ! optic n]ve7 z a result ( *ronic nitrob5z5e poison+ are describ$4 ,d9itrob5z5e & o!r nitro & d9itro comp\nds are pres5t 9 safety explosives4 ,?us roburite & bellite consi/ ( metad9itrob5z5e & ammonium nitrate2 ammonite ( nitronaph?al5e & ammonium nitrate2 securite ( ! mat]ials 9 roburite ) ammonium oxalate 9 addition4 ,9 roburite !re may be also *lor9at$ nitro comp\nds4 ,leymann1#c describ+ accid5ts 9 ! prep>ation ( nitroph5ol & nitro*loro comp\nds1 m5tions f\r fatal cases occurr+ 9 ! manufacture ( black dyes f mono- & di-nitroph5ols z well z mono- & di-nitro*lorob5z5e & tolu5e4 ,9 ?ree ( ! cases d9itroph5ol 0 ! comp\nd at fault ow+ to insuffici5t c>e 9 ! prep>ation1--! result ( ignorance until !n ( risk ( poison+ f mono- & tri-nitroph5ol4 ,"o ( ! m5 _h _h to empty a wa%+ tr\gh conta9+ moi/ d9itroph5ol4 ,he sudd5ly became collaps$1 ) pa9 9 ! *e/1 vomit+1 fev]1 & convulsions1 & di$ )9 five h\rs4 ,ano!r suff]$ f great difficulty ( brea?+1 fev]1 rapid pulse1 dilatation ( ! pupils1 & di$ )9 a few h\rs 9 convulsions4 ,two fur!r cases ( nitro*lorob5z5e poison+ are ref]r$ to1 "o ( :i* 0 fatal4 ,f\r *lorob5z5e work]s aft] a b\t ( dr9k+ 7 f\nd unconsci\s 9 ! /reet1 & only recov]$ aft] eight to t5 h\rs 9 hospital4 ,! symptoms 7 grey-blue col\r ( ! sk91 pallor ( muc\s membranes1 lips1 nose1 & conjunctiv1 & peculi> *ocolate-col\r$ blood4 ,_m cases ( poison+ f roburite are record$4#d ,9 ! ,witt5 roburite factory x is /at$ t dur+ ! ye>s #ahij-g almo/ all ! work]s _h be5 ill4#e ,only ?ree look$ heal?y--all ! o!rs suff]$ f m or less pallor1 blue lips1 & yell[i% conjunctiv4 ,a case ( *lorob5z5e poison+ 0 report$ ) symptoms ( heada*e1 cyanosis1 fa9t+ attacks1 difficulty ( brea?+1 c41 9 a man :o _h work$ only ?ree weeks ) ! sub/ance4#f ,9 ! nitrotolu5e dep>tm5t ( an explosives factory a numb] ( ! workm5 suff]$ f symptoms ( di/ress 9 brea?+1 heada*e1 c41 ( :om two1 employ$ only a %ort "t1 di$4 ,! poison+ 0 attribut$1 p>tly to nitrotolu5e & p>tly to nitr\s fumes4 ,z a contribut+ cause x 0 alleg$ t 9 view ( %ortage ( h&s unsuitable p]sons 7 engag$ :o neglect$ precautions4#g ,nitronaph?al5e is said to cause inflammation & opacity ( ! cornea1#h attributable ei!r to long-cont9u$ exposure 7f\r to eight mon?s7 to nitronaph?al5e vap\r or to spurt+ ( ! liquid into ! eye4 ,i c\ld n f9d ref]5ce 9 lit]ature to actual cases ( poison+ by picric acid4 ,!y are ref]r$ to 9 a g5]al way only z caus+ sk9 affections4 ,anil9e poison+ arises g5]ally f inhalation1 b absorption ?r\gh ! sk9 & less frequ5tly inhalation ( du/ ( anil9e comp\nds cause x4 ,we h already laid /ress on ! frequ5tly sev]e cases result+ f c>elessness 9 spill+ on to or spla%+ (1 clo!s )\t at once *ang+ !m1 break+ ( vessels conta9+ x1 & ent]+ vessels fill$ ) ! vap\r4 ,9 lit]ature ( old date _m su* cases h be5 describ$1 & x 0 /at$ t work]s 7 especially affect$ on hot days1 :5 almo/ all %[$ cyanosis4 ,su* obs]vations d n /ate fairly ! conditions to-day 9 view ( ! improvem5ts :i* ,gr&homme & ,leymann's obs]vations %[ h tak5 place 9 anil9e factories4 ,/ill1 cases are fairly frequ5t4 ,?us 9 a factory ) #bea p]sons employ$1 ?irty-?ree cases involv+ #ejj days ( sickness 7 report$4 ,! ,report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijg cites ! case ( a work] :o 0 tight5+ up ! leaky wood5 bung ( a vessel conta9+ anil9e at a temp]ature ( #bjj ,c4 ,he 0 spla%$ on ! face & arms1 & al?\gh ! burns 7 n 9 !mselves sev]e he di$ ! next day f anil9e absorption4 ,cases ( anilism are n infrequ5t among dy]s4 ,! reports ( ! ,swiss factory inspectors = #aije describe a case :]e a workman work$ = five h\rs 9 clo!s on to :i* anil9e _h spurt$ :5 op5+ an iron drum4 ,simil> cases are describ$ 9 ! report ( ! ,engli% factory inspectors = ! same ye>4 ,anil9e black dye+ frequ5tly gives rise to poison+1 & to ?is ,de>d5#i ( ,man*e/] especially has call$ att5tion4 ,typical anil9e poison+ occurr$ 9 ,bohemia 9 #aijh 9 a clo? press] work+ ) black dyes4 ,:ile cru%+ anil9e hydro*loride ) "o h&1 he ate 8 food ) ! o!r4 ,t ! heal? ( p]sons employ$ 9 anil9e black dye+ mu/ be affect$ by _! "w is %[n by m$ical exam9ation4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,engli% m$ical inspector ( factories 9 ! summ] mon?s ( #aije f\nd among sixty p]sons employ$ 9 mix+1 prep>+1 & age+ #dg p] c5t4 ) greyi% coloration ( lips & #eg p] c5t4 *>act]i/ically anmic4 ,fur!r1 ( eighty-two p]sons employ$ 9 padd+1 wa%+1 & dry+1 #cd p] c5t4 _h grey lips1 #bj p] c5t4 7 anmic1 & #ad p] c5t4 ) signs ( acute or old effects ( *rome ulc]ation4 ,ga/ric symptoms 7 n infrequ5tly compla9$ (4 ,! symptoms 7 worse 9 hot wea!r4 ,use ( anil9e 9 o!r indu/ries may lead to poison+4 ,?us 9 ! extraction ( =eign res9s ) anil9e sev5te5 work]s suff]$ 7elev5 sev]ely74 ,int]e/+ cases ( poison+ 9 a laundry f use ( a writ+ ink conta9+ anil9e h be5 record$4#aj ,ref]5ce is necess>y to tum\rs ( ! bladd] obs]v$ 9 anil9e work]s4 ,! fir/ obs]vations on ! subject 7 made by ,rehn ( ,frankfurt1 :o op]at$ 9 ?ree cases4 ,ba*feld ( ,(f5ba* notic$ 9 sixty-?ree cases ( anil9e poison+ bladd] affections 9 sixte54 ,seyb]? describ$ five cases ( tum\rs ( ! bladd] 9 work]s ) long duration ( employm5t 9 anil9e factories4#aa ,9 ! ,h*/ factory 7& cr$it is due to ! managem5t = ! /ep7 e suspici\s case is exam9$ ) ! cy/oscope4 ,9 #aijd ?is firm collect$ in=mation f eighte5 anil9e factories :i* br\ght to light ?irty-eight cases1 ( :i* eighte5 end$ fatally4 ,sev5te5 7 op]at$ on1 & ( ^! elev5 7 /ill alive al?\gh 9 ?ree !re _h be5 recurr5ce4 ,tum\rs 7 f\nd mo/ly 9 p]sons employ$ ) anil9e1 naph?ylam9e1 & _! homologues1 b sev5 7 9 m5 employ$ ) b5zid9e4 ,cases ( b5z5e & toluid9e poison+ 9 p]sons sup]9t5d+ tanks & /ills h be5 describ$4 ,indu/rial p>anitranil9e poison+ has be5 describ$1 & a fatal case 9 ! ,h*/ dye works 0 attribut$ by ,lew9 7z m$ical ref]ee7 to inhalation ( du/4 ,be=e 8 dea? ! workman _h be5 engag$ = five h\rs 9 hydro-extract+ p>anitranil9e4 ,p>aph5yl5e diam9e leads n unfrequ5tly to indu/rial poison+ f use ( ursol z a dye4 ,x produces sk9 eruptions & inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages4#ab ,no d\bt ! int]m$iate body produc$ 7diim9e7 acts z a p[]ful poison4 ,a case ( metaph5yl5e diam9e poison+ is quot$ 9 ! ,report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry = #aijf4 ,a work] _h br\ght 8 c(fee & bread1 contr>y to ! rules1 into ! workroom & hidd5 !m "u a vessel conta9+ ! sub/ance4 ,imm$iately aft] dr9k+ 8 c(fee he 0 seiz$ ) poison+ symptoms1 & di$ a few days lat]4 ,"s ( ! poison mu/ h dropp$ into 8 c(fee4 ,few in/ances ( poison+ f pure anil9e col\rs are record$4 ,at fir/ all t> col\rs 7 look$ ^u z poison\s1 b z !y 7 mo/ly triph5ylme?ane col\rs !y w\ld conta9 ars5i\s acid4 ,:5 ! ars5ic process 0 giv5 up p fell into ! o!r extreme ( reg>d+ n only ! triph5ylme?ane col\rs b all o!rs z non-poison\s1 until exp]i5ce %[$ t production & use ( "s ( ! t> col\rs might affect ! sk94 ,f9ally1 m5tion mu/ be made ( inflammation ( ! cornea caus$ by me?yl violet du/4 ,! basic anil9e dyes are said to damage ! eye4 ,z oppos$ to ?is view is ! fact t me?yl violet & auram9e are us$ z anti-bact]icidal ag5ts1 = treatm5t ( malignant tum\rs1 & especially 9 oph?almic practice4 ,,ii4 ,,smelt+ ,,( ,,metals ,,lead 7,,z9c1 ,,silv]7 ,,occurr5ce ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,lead ,,poison+ ,,9 ,,g5]al ,*ronic lead poison+ plays ! mo/ important rle 9 indu/rial metallic poison+1 & inde$ 9 indu/rial poison+ g5]ally4 ,! result ev]y:]e :]e inquiry into indu/rial poison+ has be5 in/itut$ has be5 to place ! numb] ( cases ( lead poison+ at ! top ( ! li/2 = "o case ( o!r =ms ( indu/rial poison+ !re are tw5ty ( lead4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s a v ext5sive lit]ature & "o n easily to be survey$ has gr[n up on ! subject ( *ronic indu/rial lead poison+4 ,i _c attempt z ,i h done ) o!r =ms ( poison+ to d ju/ice to all s\rces ( lit]ature on ?is subject4 ,z !re is no obligation to notify indu/rial lead poison+,b--or inde$ any =m ( indu/rial poison+--9 _m c\ntries1 ! mo/ important s\rce ( in=mation is want+4 ,nev]!less m or less compreh5sive inquiries z to ! ext5t ( ! disease 9 g5]al h be5 made 9 diff]5t c\ntries & l>ge cities :i* furni% valuable data4 ,an idea ( ! ye>ly numb] ( cases ( lead poison+ occurr+ 9 ,prussia is giv5 9 ! foll[+ /ati/ics ( cases treat$ 9 ,prussian hospitals = ! ye>s #ahie-aija3 --------------------------------- ,ye>4 ,males4 ,females4 ,total4 --------------------------------- #ahie #aabj #dc #aafc #ahii #afja #bc #afbd #aijj #aeji #ad #aebc #aija #acei #bd #achc --------------------------------- ,! occupation ( ^! cases 0 z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,ye>4 ,metallic ,lead4 ,:ite ,lead4 ,pa9t]s4 ---------------------------------------- ------- #ahie #cfd #cab #cdg #ahii #eea #caj #dfj #aijj #eaf #cfj #cgh #aija #dih #bhb #cci ---------------------------------------- ------- ,ab\t half ! cases1 !re=e1 are caus$ by use ( :ite lead4 ,! report ( ! sick insurance societies ( ! ,b]l9 pa9t]s gives in=mation z to ! proportion treat$ 9 hospital to ^? treat$ at home1 :i* 0 z #a3d4 ,! indu/ries may be classifi$ accord+ to risk z foll[s#a3 ,:ite lead work]s1 #cc p] c5t42 r$ lead work]s1 #cb p] c5t42 %ot & lead pipe work]s1 #bj p] c5t42 pa9t]s1 #g-aj p] c5t42 lead & z9c smelt]s1 #h-i p] c5t42 pr9t]s1 #je p] c5t4 ,9 ,au/ria ?r\gh ! ,lab\r ,/ati/ical ,bureau compreh5sive in=mation is be+ collect$ z to ! occurr5ce ( lead poison+ 9 ! mo/ dang]\s trades1 b is n yet publi%$4 ,! reports ( ! factory inspectors give a v incomplete picture2 = example1 9 #aije only fifte5 cases are ref]r$ to4 ,9 ! mo/ rec5t report 7#aiji7 in=mation ( lead poison+ is only giv5 = ?irty works4 ,teleky has made a g5]al survey ( ! occurr5ce ( lead poison+ f ! reports ( ! ,au/rian sick insurance societies4#b ,f ?is we ga!r t 9 ,vi5na1 ) an av]age memb]%ip ( #bjj1jjj1 !re 71 9 ! five ye> p]iod #aijb-f1 #fcd1 #fef1 #gfe1 #gah1 #ggb cases ( illness involv+ incapacity f m9]al poisons1 :i* ,teleky assumes 7 practically all cases ( lead poison+4 ,by circul>is+ ,au/rian sick insurance societies outside ,vi5na ) a memb]%ip ( ab\t #djj1jjj1 ,teleky obta9$ in=mation ( #ahi cases1 :i* he consid]s too few4 ,9 #aijf-aijh inquiry 0 made by ! sick insurance societies 9 ,bohemia z to ! ext5t ( lead poison+4 ,) an av]age numb] employ$ ( f #gjj1jjj to #hej1jjj in=mation 0 obta9$ ( #ia1 #adg1 & #acb cases 9 ! ?ree ye>s 9 "q4 ,! increase 9 #aijg 0 probably acc\nt$ = by ! great] att5tion paid to ! subject4#c ,! numb] ( asc]ta9$ cases ( lead poison+ treat$ by ! societies ( ,hung>y 0 #bbe 9 #aija & #afa 9 #aijb4 ,teleky aga9 consid]s ^! figures too l[1 :i* is prov$ by ,to?'s publications z to lead poison+ 9 ,hung>ian lead smelt+ works1 & especially ,*yz]'s on lead poison+ among ,hung>ian pott]s4 ,legge has report$ fully 9 ! second ,int]national ,congress = ,indu/rial ,diseases 9 ,brussels 7,septemb] #aiaj7 on occurr5ce ( indu/rial lead poison+ 9 ,great ,brita9 9 ! ye>s #aijj to #aiji4 ,dur+ t p]iod #fgfb cases ) #bde dea?s occurr$4 ,! numb] ( cases 9 ! c\rse ( ! t5 ye>s _h dim9i%$ by #ej p] c5t4 ,^! figures appe> rem>kably small1 b x has to be borne 9 m9d t ! /ati/ics ref]r$ to relat$ only to cases occurr+ 9 factories & work%ops1 & d n include cases among h\se pa9t]s & plumb]s4 ,! numb] ( su* cases :i* came to ! k ( ! ,factory ,dep>tm5t 9 #aiji 0 #bda 7) #dg dea?s7 & #bci 9 #aijh 7) #dd dea?s74 ,,lead1 ,,silv]1 ,,& ,,z9c ,,smelt+ ,lead is obta9$ almo/ entirely f gal5a by ?ree diff]5t processes4 ,9 ! roa/ & reaction process gal5a is fir/ roa/$ at #ejj-fjj ,c4 & p>tially conv]t$ into lead oxide & lead sulphate3 on %utt+ (f ! air supply & increase ( temp]ature ! sulphur ( ! undecompos$ gal5a unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! lead oxide & sulphate to =m sulphur dioxide1 :ile ! r$uc$ metallic lead is tapp$4 ,9 ! roa/ & r$uction process ! ore is completely calc9$ s z to get rid ( sulphur1 ars5ic1 & antimony4 ,! oxides 7& sulphates7 =m$ are r$uc$ by means ( coke 9 a bla/ furnace4 ,?is process is g5]ally applicable & is1 !re=e1 t mo/ 9 use4 ,! precipitation process consi/s *iefly 9 melt+ gal5a ) coke & iron flux1 :]eby ! lead is p>tly fre$ f ! sulphur1 &1 9 addition to lead1 iron sulphide is =m$1 :i* acts on ! rema9+ lead sulphide1 produc+ a lead matte :i* c be fur!r treat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,smelt+ ,furnace1 %[+ me*anical *>g+ & exhau/ v5tilation appli$ to slag runs1 c4 7,locke1 ,lanca/] ,w4 ,w4 ,r4 ,johnson ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,! roa/ & reaction process is c>ri$ out 9 specially con/ruct$ rev]b]atory furnaces2 small furnaces ) small am\nts ( ore & at z l[ a temp]ature z possible are ! rule 9 ! ,krntn] process4 ,9 ! ,engli% process l>ge am\nts ( ore are melt$ 9 l>ge furnaces at high temp]atures s z to oxidise ! mat]ial4 ,! s-call$ ,t>n[itz process comb9es ^! two--l>ge am\nts ( ore are roa/$ 9 l>ge furnaces at a mod]ate temp]ature4 ,9 ! roa/ & r$uction process x dep5ds on ! nature ( ! ore :e!r ! roa/+ is done 9 rev]b]atory or bla/ furnaces4 ,g5]ally ! ore is 9 ! =m ( p[d]--less (t5 9 pieces4 ,pyritic ore 7ore ) mu* sulphur7 is almo/ always roa/$ 9 bla/ furnaces1 & ! sulphur dioxide evolv$ c be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( sulphuric acid4 ,op5-he>? furnaces are r>ely us$ n[4 ,rev]b]atory furnaces are employ$ mo/ frequ5tly4 ,! lead ?us obta9$ conta9s sev]al o!r metals1 especially silv]1 copp]1 ars5ic1 antimony1 iron1 z9c1 bismu?1 & t94 ,lead conta9+ silv] 7"w-lead7 is next de-silv]is$1 aft] :i* foll[s ref9+ to get rid ( ! o!r impurities4 ,= de-silv]is+ "w-lead ri* 9 silv] 7conta9+ ab\t #aj p] c5t47 cupellation is practis$1 9 :i* ! silv] lead is melt$ & oxidis$ s t ! lead is conv]t$ into li?>ge1 metallic silv] rema9+ beh9d4 ,9 a cupellation furnace ! flame /rikes on ! top ( ! lead ba?1 & at ! same "t air "u slight pressure is driv5 92 ! li?>ge :i* =ms is remov$ ?r\gh suitable op5+s4 ,! li?>ge t is fir/ =m$ conta9s silv] & is treat$ aga92 ! rema9d] is ready = m>ket4 ,aft] ! li?>ge has run (f silv] appe>s1 conta9+ /ill #e-aj p] c5t4 ( lead1 & x is aga9 submitt$ to an analog\s ref9+ process4 ,"w-lead :i* does n conta9 en\gh silv] to be cupell$ at once is g5]ally treat$ fir/ by ei!r ! ,patt9son or ! ,p>kes' process4 ,9 ! ,patt9son cry/allis+ process "w-lead is melt$ 9 op5 semi-circul> pots3 z ! pots cool cry/als ( lead poor 9 silv] =m on ! surface & are transf]r$ by a p]=at$ ladle into ! next pot3 ! silv] collects 9 ! small am\nt ( molt5 lead rema9+ beh9d4 ,lead t has become enri*$ by repeat$ cry/allisation conta9s a high p]c5tage ( silv] & is cupell$4 ,! ,p>kes' process or z9c de-silv]isation dep5ds on ! =mation ( a lead-z9c alloy :i* is less fusible ?an lead4 ,"w-lead is melt$ & agitat$ ) addition ( pure z9c4 ,! cru/ :i* fir/ rises on cool+ conta9s gold1 copp]1 z9c1 & lead1 & is remov$4 ,fur!r addition ( z9c is !n made3 ! ri* silv] cru/ :i* sep>ates is subsequ5tly fre$ f lead by gradual heat+ 9 a rev]b]atory furnace1 & f z9c1 9 a z9c di/ill+ retort4 ,o!r impurities are got rid ( by oxidis+ 9 rev]b]atory or o!r furnaces4 ,small quantities ( antimony & ars5ic are remov$ by /irr+ ) fre% gre5 /icks4 ,z9c is obta9$ pr9cipally f bl5de 7sulphide ( z9c7 & f calam9e 7c>bonate ( z9c74 ,! process ( z9c recov]y dep5ds on ! production ( z9c oxide & r$uction ( ?is by c>bon to metallic z9c4 ,conv]sion ( ! ore to z9c oxide is effect$ by roa/+4 ,s9ce ! temp]ature at :i* r$uction takes place is high] ?an ! melt+-po9t ( z9c ! latt] is volatilis$ 7di/ill$7 & mu/ be cond5s$ 9 suitable cond5s]s4 ,calam9e is calc9$ 9 a bla/ furnace4 ,bl5de 0 =m]ly roa/$ 9 rev]b]atory furnaces1 b su* nuisance arose to ! neighb\rhood f sulphur dioxide vap\r t n[ ,has5clev]-,helbig calc9+ furnaces are us$4 ,^! furnaces furni% a gas s ri* 9 sulphur dioxide t !y s]ve at once = ! production ( sulphuric acid4 ,! ,has5clev] furnaces consi/ ( muffles plac$ "o above ano!r3 ! f9ely gr\nd ore is *>g$ ?r\gh hopp]s above & !n rak$ d[n f muffle to muffle4 ,r$uction is c>ri$ out 9 ! ,belgian or ,silesian process by /rongly heat+ calc9$ matte ) coal 9 retorts4 ,! z9c z x di/ils is caught 9 special cond5s+ receptacles 7prolongs74 ,aft] di/illation is complete ! residue is rak$ out ( ! muffle & ! furnace *>g$ afre%4 ,z z9c ores g5]ally conta9 mu* lead1 ! "w-z9c is !re=e ref9$ by remelt+ 9 a rev]b]atory furnace1 dur+ :i* process ! impurities collect on ! z9c z dross & are remov$ by agitation ) sal-ammoniac or magnesium *loride4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,arrangem5t ( ,spelt] ,furnace %[+ ,v5tilat+ ,hood4 ,,risk ,,( ,,poison+ ,,9 ,,lead1 ,,silv]1 ,,& ,,z9c ,,smelt+4--,z ! description ( ! manipulations 9 smelt+ processes %[s1 all involve risk ( lead poison+4 ,z a matt] ( fact 9 lead smelt+ mu* lead passes into ! atmosph]e4 ,9 ! smelt+ works at ,t>n[itz ye>ly "s #cf1jjj kilos ( oxidis$ lead escape4 ,e/imations#d ( ! am\nt ( lead 9 air samples collect$ 9 lead smelt+ works h be5 made4 ,?us 9 a cubic metre ( air imm$iately ov] ! slag run f #jjjbi to #jjjef g4 ( lead 7 f\nd1 s t a work] 9 a t5-h\r day w\ld inhale f #jjac to #jjbe g4 ( lead4 ,9 a cubic metre ( air imm$iately above ! ,p>kes' melt+-pot f #jjjef to #jjjij g4 7 f\nd1 s t a work] w\ld inhale daily f #jjbeb to #jjdje g4 if he kept con/antly close to ! pot4 ,on ! h&les ( a de-silv]is] #jaab g4 7 f\nd4 ,9 ,hung>ian lead-smelt+ works ! wat] 9 :i* ! h&s _h be5 wa%$ 0 f\nd to conta9 #abg g4 ( lead p] litre4 ,! h&s ( li?>ge gr9d]s & sift]s %[$ ! highe/ am\nts4 ,"w c>ri$ on 9 lead-smelt+ works may be divid$ into five classes accord+ to risk4 ,^? mo/ expos$ to risk are ! smelt]s at lead he>?s & rev]b]atory furnaces1 p]sons employ$ at ! lead & slag runs1 flue clean]s1 & 9 cru%+ & pack+ flake li?>ge4 ,next come ^? employ$ at ! ref9+ furnaces1 ^? break+ up ! roa/$ ore1 bla/ furnace work]s1 & ^? employ$ at ! cupellation process4 ,att5d$ ) dang] also is ! removal ( lead a%es & di/illation ( ! z9c cru/4 ,less dang]\s are transport ( mat]ial1 cru%+ & mix+ ! ore1 ref9+ ! "w-lead & z9c cru/1 & "w at ! ,patt9son & ,p>kes' processes4 ,9 z9c smelt+ risk ( lead poison+ is great1 no matt] :i* process is 9 "q1 because ( ! high proportion ( lead 9 ! ore & "w-z9c4 ,sw$i% bl5de conta9s z mu* z #i p] c5t4 ( lead1 & ,upp] ,silesian #b p] c5t4 or less4 ,!re is risk 9 calc9ation1 b x is mu* less ?an 9 ! di/illation process4#e ,!re are no q satisfactory /ati/ics z to ! numb] ( cases ( lead poison+ 9 smelt+ works4 ,nev]!less1 a numb] ( rec5t publications give valuable data = c]ta9 smelt+ works 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,hung>y4 ,f details#f ( lead poison+ at ,t>n[itz x w\ld appe> t ! conditions h mat]ially improv$ s9ce #ahhd1 ! cases hav+ decl9$ f #cbg p] #ajj employ$ 9 #ahhd to #fb 9 #ahid & #ahie4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ ! proportion affect$ 9 ! diff]5t processes 9 ! ye>s #aija & #aijb3 ,process4 ,ye>4 ,no4 ,employ$4 ,cases4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,rev]b]atory ,furnace #aija #aca #aa #hc #aijb #aaa #d #cf ,bla/ ,furnace #aija #aeb #dg #cji #aijb #ahg #ba #aaa ,cupell+ ,furnace #aija #ab #a #hc #aijb #ab #a #hc ,de-silv]is+ #aija #cb #aj #cab #aijb #cd #g #bjf ,o!r ,employm5t #aija #cjj #g #bc #aijb #cej #b #jf ,9 "o smelt+ works ! p]c5tage attack rate 0 #agh 9 #aija1 & #bga 9 #aijb4 ,"h ! numb] ( work]s _h increas$ f #gc 9 #aija to #abi 9 #aijb1 & ! absolute & relative increase probably has relation to ! well-kn[n fact t newly employ$ untra9$ work]s become affect$4 ,simil> incid5ce accord+ to process c be giv5 = ! ,fri$ri*'s smelt+ works dur+ ! ye>s #aijc-aije3 ,process4 ,ye>4 ,no4 ,employ$4 ,cases4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,rev]b]atory ,furnace #aijc #hf #ab #aci #aijd #hg #h #ib #aije #hc #aa #acc ,bla/ ,furnace #aijc #bfg #ei #bba #aijd #bcb #bd #ajc #aije #bdg #bg #aji ,de-silv]is+ #aijc #ef #ab #bad #aijd #gc #d #ee #aije #ge #d #ec ,cupell+ #aijc #af #d #bej #aijd #ae #a #fg #aije #ad #a #ga ,o!r ,employm5t #aijc #ccj #e #ae #aijd #cji #d #ac #aije #cdg #g #bj ,among #cjbh cases ( lead poison+ treat$ betwe5 #ahec & #ahhb 9 smelt+ works ne> ,freib]g 7,saxony7 ga/ric symptoms 7 pres5t 9 #aeda1 rheumatic pa9s 9 #bae1 c]ebral symptoms 9 #add1 p>alysis 9 #eh1 & lead colic 9 #dbf4 ,! rec5t reports ( ! ,g]man factory inspectors po9t /ill to r high incid5ce 9 _m lead smelt+ works4 ,?us 9 ! di/rict ( ,aix la ,*apelle 9 #aiji !re 7 sixty cases involv+ #ajdg sick days1 z comp>$ ) #eh & #hgh 9 #aijh4 ,9 a well-arrang$ smelt+ works ne> ,wiesbad5 fifty-two & =ty-two cases 7 report$ 9 #aijh & #aiji respectively1 among ab\t #djj p]sons employ$4 ,?is relatively high numb] 0 believ$ to be closely connect$ ) frequ5t *ange 9 ! p]sonnel4 ,introduction ( ! ,hunt+don-,heb]le9 me?od is ?\ght to h ex]cis$ an unfav\rable influ5ce4 ,o!r smelt+ works 9 ,g]many appe> to h a relatively small numb] ( report$ cases4 ,?us 9 #aiji among #eej work]s employ$ 9 f\r smelt+ works 9 ! ,hilde%eim di/rict only f\r cases 7 report$1 & 9 ! di/rict ( ,potsdam among #fjj smelt]s only five 7 f\nd affect$ on m$ical exam9ation4 ,!re is no d\bt t _m ( ! cases describ$ z ga/ric cat>rh are attributable to lead4 ,full in=mation z to ! conditions 9 ,au/ria is conta9$ 9 ! publication ( ! ,imp]ial ,lab\r ,/ati/ical ,bureau4 ,9 ?is compreh5sive "w ! conditions 9 smelt+ works are describ$4 ,9 ! lead smelt+ works at ,przibram ! cases _h dropp$ f an av]age ( #chb among ! #djjj-ejjj p]sons employ$ to tw5ty-two 9 #ahid & to six 9 #aijc1 b only ! sev]] cases are includ$4 ,no s+le case has occurr$ among ! #cej-dej p]sons engag$ 9 m9+ ! ore1 z gal5a 7lead sulphide7 is practically non-poison\s4 ,x 0 f\nd1 = example1 t #ej p] c5t4 ( ! furnace m5 _h 7accord+ to _! /atem5t7 suff]$ f lead colic4 ,( eight employ$ 9 ! ,patt9son process1 sev5 /at$ !y _h suff]$ f colic4 ,! lead smelt+ works 9 ,gailitz %[$ m>k$ frequ5cy ( lead poison+--"h ! appo9t$ surgeon attribut$ anmia & ga/ric & inte/9al cat>rh to lead3 ,illness ( ,saturn9e ,orig94 ,ye>4 ,no4 ,lead ,colic4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,employ$4 ,anmia4 ,inte/9al ,cat>rh4 due to ,ga/ric ,total ,lead ,total ,lead4 ,cat>rh4 ,sickness4 ,sickness4 #ahii #fa #ad #b #gf #af #ajh #agh #fjj #aijj #eg #f #b #af #e #bi #hj #cfb #aija #dh #d #b #ag #a #bd #fj #djj #aijb #dg -- -- #bd #f #cj #ef #ece #aijc #di -- #c #aa #d #ah #eg #caf ,! dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( cases1 especially ( colic1 is attributable to ! ef=ts ( ! appo9t$ surgeon4 ,at ,selmeczbanya a dim9ution f #aif cases 9 #ahii 7#ejg p] c5t47 to six 7#bb p] c5t47 9 #aije _h tak5 place4 ,^! figures po9t cle>ly to ! success ( ! hygi5ic measures adopt$ 9 ! la/ few ye>s4 ,9 ! l>ge spelt] works ( ,upp] ,silesia dur+ ! ye>s #ahif-aija1 among #cghj p]sons employ$1 !re 7 eighty-?ree cases ( lead colic & p>alysis1 t is1 ab\t #bb p] c5t4 ea* ye>4 ,! foll[+ tables %[ ! incid5ce among spelt] work]s 9 ! works 9 "q f #aijb to #aije3 ,,illness ,,among ,,z9c ,,smelt]s ,lead ,colic ,ye>4 & ,kidney ,ga/ric ,anmia4 ,rheumatism4 ,no4 ,lead ,p>alysis4 ,disease4 ,cat>rh4 ,employ$4 #aijb #bi #ah #acg #ah #ddh #ddag #aijc #bh #ba #aea #bd #dgj #degh #aijd #dd #bc #aha #ce #eif #dfgg #aije #ej #ah #bbc #dj #fab #dghi ,av]age #jh #je #cg #jf #aae #dfae ,,illness ,,among ,,calc9]s ,lead ,colic ,ye>4 & ,kidney ,ga/ric ,anmia4 ,rheumatism4 ,no4 ,lead ,p>alysis4 ,disease4 ,cat>rh4 ,employ$4 #aijb -- -- #e #a #gh #aadi #aijc -- -- #i -- #aab #ajhg #aijd #b -- #fh #a #acf #aadj #aije #a #b #dg #b #acd #aaei ,av]age #jjh #jje #bf #ja #ajb #aacd ,9 ?irty-two spelt] works 9 ! di/rict ( ,oppeln 9 ! ye> #aije1 among #dghi spelt] work]s prop]1 !re 7 #ej cases ( colic1 #ah ( kidney disease1 #bbc ( ga/ric & inte/9al cat>rh1 #dj ( anmia1 & #fab ( rheumatism1 & among #aaei calc9]s #a case ( colic1 #b ( kidney disease1 #dg ( ga/ric cat>rh1 #b ( anmia1 & #acd ( rheumatism4 ,cases are mu* m num]\s 9 spelt] works :]e ,sw$i% bl5de conta9+ lead is work$4 ,x is rem>kable1 h[ev]1 t 9 l>ge spelt] works 9 ,upp] ,silesia1 :]e = ye>s no cases ( lead poison+ 7 report$1 m$ical exam9ation %[$ t #bje p] c5t4 _h signs ( lead absorption4 ,:ite ,lead & ,lead ,col\rs ,,manufacture4--,! primitive ,dut* process consi/$ 9 plac+ lead grids 9 e>!nw>e pots conta9+ dilute acetic acid & cov]+ !m ) tan b>k4 ,f]m5tation ensu$ ) evolution ( c>bonic acid gas & increase 9 temp]ature4 ,! acetic acid vap\r =ms1 ) aid ( atmosph]ic oxyg51 fir/ basic lead acetate1 :i*1 by ! action ( ! c>bonic acid gas1 becomes conv]t$ into :ite lead & neutral lead acetate4 ,! product is cru%$1 siev$1 & dri$4 ,9 ! ,g]man or ,au/rian process ?9 %eets ( metallic lead are hung saddle-wise 9 *amb]s4 ,acetic acid vap\r & c>bonic acid gas 7produc$ by burn+ coke7 are l$ 9 f bel[4 ,! *amb] is !n seal$ & kept s = a consid]able "t4 ,:5 ! *amb] is #8ripe' ! :ite lead t has =m$ is tak5 out1 fre$ f uncorrod$ lead by spray+1 dri$1 f9ely gr\nd1 & pack$4 ,:ite lead comes on ! m>ket ei!r z a p[d] or incorporat$ ) oil4 ,( ! rema9+ lead col\rs1 r$ lead 7,pb,o7 is mu* us$4 ,x is produc$ by heat+ lead oxide 9 rev]b]atory furnaces ) access ( air & /irr+4 ,lead ,poison+ 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,:ite ,lead & ,lead ,col\rs ,! manufacture by ! ,g]man process may be divid$ into ?ree categories accord+ to ! degree ( risk run3 #a4 ,! mo/ dang]\s processes are hang+ ! plates 9 ! *amb]s1 "w at ! filt] press1 dry+1 pulv]is+1 & pack+ by h&4 #b4 ,less dang]\s are transport to ! wa%]1 wa%+1 & gr9d+4 #c4 ,relatively ! lea/ dang]\s are ca/+ ! plates1 transport ( !m to ! *amb]s1 dry+1 me*anical pack+1 & mix+ ) oil4 ,! numb] ( cases ( lead poison+ 9 :ite lead factories is (t5 relatively great despite regulations4 ,casual lab\r]s especially run ! greate/ risk4 ,?is is frequ5tly br\ght out 9 ! reports ( ! ,g]man factory inspectors1 :o connect ! high proportion ( cases directly ) ! l>ge numb] ( unskill$ work]s4 ,regulations are really only successful 9 factories ) regul> employm5t4 ,?is has be5 f\nd also 9 ,great ,brita91 :]e ! ,m$ical ,inspector ( ,factories %[$ t ! cases among regul> work]s numb]$ #f p] c5t4 & among casual work]s #ci p] c5t4 ,! foll[+ table gives p>ticul>s z to ! occurr5ce ( lead poison+ 9 ! :ite lead factories 9 ! di/rict ( ,cologne 9 #aijd1 "s ( :i* h admirable hygi5ic arrangem5ts3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,no4 ,employ$4 ,cases ( ,lead ,poison+4 -------------------------------- ,no4 ( ,place4 ,manufacture4 ,regul> ,regul> ,cases ( ,casual ,casual ,ga/ric ,av]age ,total,cat>rh4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,cologne ,i4 ,:ite lead #df #ei #cb #i #af #be #af #agc #ie #abg #ac #ag #cj #bb 0 ,i4 ,li?>ge & #df #d #ch #e #a #f #g r$ lead #gf #fb #di #c #d #g #ae ,*romate #ad #b #aa -- -- -- #e #dc #gb #cc -- -- -- #g ,cologne ,,ii4 ,:ite lead1 li?>ge1 #ajg #ccb #ia #f #cd #dj #cj & r$ lead #ajb #ccb #gf #i #ai #bh #ch ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,x is wor? not+ t cases ( lead poison+ h be5 report$ 9 ! manufacture ( z9c :ite1 z1 = example1 9 ,bohemia 9 #aijg & #aijh4 ,,use ,,( ,,lead ,,col\rs ,,& ,,pa9ts 7,,h\se ,,pa9t]s1 ,,decorators1 ,,etc47 ,use ( lead col\rs1 especially by pa9t]s & decorators1 causes relatively mu* lead poison+4 ,ap>t f ignorance ( dang] on ! "p ( ! work]1 & lack ( p]sonal cleanl9ess1 unsuitable me?ods ( work+ add to ! dang]1 especially dry rubb+ ( pa9t$ surfaces1 :i* gives rise to mu* du/ conta9+ lead4 ,aga91 ! cru%+ & mix+ ( lumps ( :ite lead & rubb+ lead col\rs ) ! h& are v dang]\s4 ,! foll[+ ,g]man & ,au/rian figures enable conclusions to be drawn z to ! frequ5cy ( lead poison+ among pa9t]s4 ,9 ! sick insurance societies ( ,frankfurt-a-,m4 9 #aijc ( e #ajj pa9t]s #aaf suff]$ f an attack ( lead poison+4 ,! simil> sick insurance society ( pa9t]s 9 ,b]l9 has kept useful /ati/ics :i* are giv5 9 ! foll[+ table = ! t5 ye>s #aijj-i3 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,no4 ,no4 ( ( ,cases ,cases p] ,ye>4 ,memb]s4 ( ,lead #ajj ,memb]s4 ,poison+4 ---------------------------------------- ---- #aijj #chhi #ceg #iah #aija #cfaf #cce #ibf #aijb #chae #cjh #hjg #aijc #dcig #dgj #ajfi #aijd #ejbi #eaf #ajbf #aije #ecbh #dga #hhd #aijf #ecee #cdg #fdh #aijg #eagc #cgi #gcb #aijh #diib #bih #eig #aiji #dgha #bhe #eif ---------------------------------------- ---- ,av]age #dfcg #cgff #haa ---------------------------------------- ---- ,?is %[s t lead poison+ among ! pa9t]s ( ,b]l9 is happily dim9i%+1 :i* may be attribut$ to rec5t regulations4 ,! society1 h[ev]1 compla9s 9 its reports t n all cases ( lead appe> z su* 9 _! /ati/ics1 & believes t all diseases ent]$ z rheumatism1 ga/ric cat>rh1 n]v\s compla9ts1 he>t & kidney disease1 %\ld be reg>d$ z associat$ ) lead4 ,! k9ds ( "w 9 :i* pa9t]s suff] mo/ are pa9t+ iron gird]s & ma*9es1 %eet metal & iron furniture1 railway waggons1 agricultural implem5ts1 coa* pa9t+1 cab9et-mak+1 %ipbuild+1 & ! use ( r$ & :ite lead4 ,! use ( lead col\rs1 lead acetate1 & lead *romate (t5 give rise to lead poison+4 ,col\rs conta9+ lead are n infrequ5tly us$ 9 ! textile indu/ry 9 dye+1 pr9t+1 & f9i%+4 ,:ite lead has be5 us$ = weight+ ! weft4 ,teleky has describ$ cases ( lead poison+ 9 :i* silk ?read 0 weight$ ) acetate ( lead4 ,z a consequ5ce a numb] ( wom5 engag$ 9 sew+ on fr+es ) ! ?read suff]$4 ,! ,engli% factory inspectors' reports describe cases f manipulat+ y>n dy$ ) *romate ( lead4#g ,*romate ( lead & :ite lead are us$ 9 col\r+ oil-clo?1 artificial fl[]s1 pap]1 rubb] goods1 p5cils1 p5hold]s1 socks1 seal+-wax1 c&les1 & /amps4 ,,use ,,( ,,lead ,,9 ,,! ,,*emical ,,indu/ry ,lead poison+ has be5 frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 su* bran*es ( ! *emical indu/ry z require l>ge lead5 or lead-l9$ vessels & pipes3 ! p]sons affect$ are pr9cipally ^? engag$ 9 lead burn+4 ,risk is consid]able 9 manufacture ( lead acetate4 ,! mo/ dang]\s processes are dry+ & pack+ ! cry/als4 ,,manufacture ,,( ,,electric ,,accumulators ,! manufacture ( accumulators beg9s ) ! ca/+ ( lead plates1 :i* are !n poli%$ & dress$4 ,next foll[s #8pa/+1' t is1 sme>+ ! negative plate ) a pa/e ( li?>ge1 ! positive plate be+ #8=m$' by hav+ an electric curr5t pass$ ?r\gh s t ! lead is conv]t$ into spongy p]oxide4 ,! wood5 boxes 9 :i* ! plates are assembl$ are lead-l9$4 ,! mo/ dang]\s processes are ca/+1 wire-bru%+1 & pa/+--! latt] especially :5 done by h&4 ,9 ! ye>s #aijh & #aiji among ab\t #gfa work]s employ$ 9 ! accumulator factories ( ,cologne !re 7 fifty-six cases ( lead colic & sev5ty-n9e ( ga/ric & inte/9al cat>rh4 ,fur!r figures = ,g]man accumulator works %[ t 9 ! two l>ge/ accumulator factories 9 ! di/rict ( ,potsdam employ+ #adb work]s !re 7 fifte5 cases 9 #aijd4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 9 ! t5 ye>s #aijj-aiji1 #bhe cases 7 report$--an av]age ( ab\t ?irty a ye>4 ,,! ,,c]amic ,,indu/ry ,risk is pres5t 9 sev]al bran*es ( ! c]amic indu/ry4 ,x is greate/ 9 glaz+ e>!nw>e1 b n infrequ5t also 9 ! porcela9 & glass indu/ries4 ,x is impossible to deal ) ! ext5sive lit]ature on ?is subject exhau/ively4 ,a compreh5sive & detail$ survey ( lead poison+ 9 ! c]amic indu/ry on ! ,cont95t is t by ,kaup4 ,di/9ction is made betwe5 leadless glazes :i* melt at high temp]ature & lead glazes :i* h ! advantage ( a l[ melt+-po9t4 ,gal5a & li?>ge are us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( glazes = common e>!nw>e & r$ & :ite lead = w>e ( bett] quality4 ,di/9ction has to be made betwe5 a lead silici\s glaze = pott]y w>e1 a lead & boric acid glaze = /onew>e1 & a lead & z9c oxide glaze = ord9>y fai5ce & /onew>e4 ,seeg>1 ! celebrat$ exp]t1 praises ! advantage ( lead glaze & ! use ( lead 9 ! c]amic indu/ry--x is inde$ practically indisp5sable--& speaks ( ! poison\s nature ( lead z its only fault4 ,! compon5ts ( ! glaze mu/ h def9ite relation to ! h>dness or s(tness ( ! body4 ,! high] ! proportion ( silicic acid 9 ! glaze ! h>d] ! fir+ x w /&2 ! m ! flux mat]ials are 9 excess ! l[] w ! melt+ po9t be4 ,! mo/ important flux mat]ials are1 arrang$ 9 ord] ( decreas+ fusibility1 lead oxide1 b>yta1 pota%1 soda1 z9c oxide1 *alk1 magnesia1 & clay4 ,! glaze is made by fir/ mix+ ! +r$i5ts dry1 & !n ei!r fritt+ !m by flux+ 9 a rev]b]atory furnace & f9ally gr9d+ !m v f9ely 9 wat] or us+ ! raw mat]ial direct4 ,9 ! fritt+ process 9 ! case ( ! lead glazes ! soluble lead comp\nds become conv]t$ into less soluble lead silicates & d\ble silicates4 ,! glaze is appli$ 9 diff]5t ways--dipp+1 p\r+1 du/+1 bl[+1 & volatilis+4 ,air-dri$ & biscuit$ objects are dipp$2 p\r+ ! glaze on is practis$ 9 co>se w>e1 ro(+-tiles1 c42 du/+ 7) dry f9ely gr\nd glaze1 li?>ge1 or r$ lead7 also 9 common w>e2 glaze-bl[+ 7a]ograph+7 & glaze du/+ on porcela94 ,9 ^! processes ma*9es c be us$4 ,bricks are only occasionally glaz$ ) glazes ( felsp>1 kaol91 & qu>tz1 to :i* lead oxide is (t5 add$ 9 v l>ge quantity4 ,lead poison+ 9 brick works 9 view ( ! infrequ5t use ( lead is n common1 b :5 lead is us$ cases are frequ5t4 ,kaup quotes sev]al cases f ! factory inspectors' reports3 ?us 9 ?ree ro(-til+ works exam9ation by ! di/rict physician %[$ t almo/ all ! work]s 7 affect$4 ,co>se w>e pott]y is made ( p]vi\s non-transp>5t clay ) e>?y fracture--only a portion ( ?is class ( w>e 7/onew>e7 is made ( raw mat]ials :i* fire :ite4 ,su* w>e g5]ally receives a col\rless glaze4 ,! clay is %ap$ on ! pott]'s :eel1 & is !n fir$ once or1 9 ! bett] qualities1 twice4 ,gr9d+ ! +r$i5ts ( ! glaze is /ill (t5 done 9 primitive fa%ion 9 mort>s4 ,! glaze is usually compos$ ( lead oxide & s&1 (t5 ) addition ( o!r lead comp\nds z1 = example1 9 q common w>e1 ( equal p>ts ( li?>ge1 clay1 & co>se s&4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( li?>ge1 gal5a 7lead sulphide7 or1 ) bett] qualities ( w>e1 r$ lead or #8lead a%es' are us$4 ,! gr9d+ ( ! glazes 9 op5 mills or ev5 9 mort>s con/itutes a great dang] :i* c be prev5t$ almo/ entirely by gr9d+ 9 ball mills4 ,! glaze mat]ial is next mix$ ) wat]1 & ! articles are ei!r dipp$ into ! creamy mass or ?is is p\r$ ov] !m4 ,9 do+ ?is ! h&s1 clo!s1 & floors are spla%$4 ,! m dang]\s du/+-on ( glaze is r>ely practis$4 ,occasionally me*anical appliances take ! place ( h& dipp+4 ,plac+ ! w>e 9 ! glo/ ov5 is done )\t plac+ x fir/ 9 sagg>s4 ,9 ! bett] qualities ( pott]y cook+ ut5sils1 :i* are fir$ twice1 a less fusible fritt$ lead glaze is g5]ally us$4 ,col\r$ glaze conta9s1 besides ! col\r+ metallic oxides1 #cj-dj p] c5t4 ( li?>ge or r$ lead4 ,z ,kaup %[s1 ,cont95tal factory inspectors' reports make only isolat$ ref]5ces to occurr5ce ( lead poison+ 9 pott]ies4 ,insight into ! conditions 9 small pott]ies is obta9$ only f ! ,bav>ian reports4 ,9 ,upp] ,bav>ia n9ety-?ree pott]ies employ #aeg p]sons :o come into contact ) lead glaze4 ,elev5 cases 7 kn[n to h occurr$ 9 ! la/ f\r ye>s4 ,teleky f\nd ?irty-six cases ( lead poison+ 7mo/ly among glo/plac]s7 9 ! records ( ! ,pott]s' ,sick ,insurance ,society ( ,vi5na4 ,*yz] has describ$ ! /rik+ conditions 9 ,hung>y4 ,!re !re are ab\t #djjj pott]s1 ( :om #ejj come into contact ) lead glaze4 ,*ronic lead poison+ is rife among ^? c>ry+ on ! occupation z a home indu/ry4 ,memb]s ( ! family contract ! disease f ! du/ 9 ! liv+ rooms4 ,?is du/ 0 f\nd to conta9 f #je to #hg p] c5t4 ( lead4 ,9 ! *9a & e>!nw>e factories 9 ,great ,brita91 9 ! t5 ye>s #aijj-i1 #ajfe cases ) fifty-sev5 dea?s 7 report$4 ,manufacture ( /ove tiles4--,! application ( glaze to /ove tiles is done 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! two mo/ important k9ds are 7#a7 fir$ tiles & 7#b7 slipp$ tiles4 ,9 ! production ( fir$ tiles a lead-t9 alloy consi/+ ( #ajj p>ts lead & #cj-cf p>ts t9--s-call$ #8calc9e'--are melt$ toge!r 9 fireclay rev]b]atory or muffle furnaces & rak$ ab\t :5 at a dull r$ heat s z to effect complete oxidation4 ,! mat]ial :5 cool is mix$ ) ! same quantity ( s& & "s salt1 melt$ 9 ! frit kiln1 subsequ5tly cru%$1 gr\nd1 mix$ ) wat]1 & appli$ to ! previ\sly fir$ tiles4 ,9 ?is process risk is consid]able4 ,pres5ce ( lead 9 ! air has be5 demon/rat$ ev5 9 well-appo9t$ #8calc9e' rooms4 ,9 unsuitably arrang$ rooms x 0 e/imat$ t 9 a twelve-h\r day a work] w\ld inhale #jf gramme ( lead oxide & t #c-h grammes w\ld collect on ! clo!s4 ,slipp$ tiles are made 9 ,meiss51 ,silesia1 ,bav>ia1 & ,au/ria by fir/ apply+ to !m a mixture ( clay & *9a clay4 ,! glaze appli$ is v ri* 9 lead1 conta9+ #ej-fj p>ts ( r$ lead or li?>ge4 ,g5]ally ! glaze is appli$ direct to ! unfir$ tiles & fir$ once4 ,figures z to occurr5ce ( poison+ 9 ,g]many are quot$ by ,kaup f ! t[ns ( ,velt5 & ,meiss54 ,among f #agdh to #bejj p]sons employ$ ?irty-f\r cases 7 report$ 9 ! five ye>s #aija-e4 ,?irte5 cases 7 report$ z occurr+ 9 ! ?ree l>ge/ factories 9 ,meiss5 9 #aijf4 ,f o!r di/ricts simil> occurr5ce ( poison+ is report$4 ,9 ,bohemia 9 a s+le factory 9 #aijf !re 7 f\rte5 cases ) "o dea?1 9 ano!r 9 #aijg !re 7 f\rte51 & 9 #aijh twelve cases2 eight fur!r cases occurr$ among majolica pa9t]s 9 #aijh4 ,/onew>e & porcela94--,h>d /onew>e on a base ( clay1 lime/one1 & felsp> has usually a transp>5t lead glaze ( d\ble e>? silicates ( lead & alkalis1 ) g5]ally boric acid to l[] ! fus+-po9t2 ! lead is ne>ly always add$ 9 ! =m ( r$ lead or li?>ge4 ,! portion ( ! glaze soluble 9 wat] is fritt$1 & =ms1 :5 mix$ ) ! insoluble portion1 ! glaze ready = use4 ,! frit accord+ to ,kaup conta9s f #af to #ah p] c5t4 ( r$ lead1 & ! add$ mat]ial 7! mill mix+7 #h-bf p>ts ( :ite lead2 ! glaze conta9s f #ac to #bh p>ts ( lead oxide4 ,! w>e is dipp$ or ! glaze is sometimes a]ograph$ on4 ,w>e-clean+ by h& 7smoo?+ or levell+ ! surface ) bru%es1 knives1 c47 is v dang]\s "w unless c>ri$ out "u an effici5t exhau/4 ,col\r+ ! body itself is done ) col\r$ metal oxides or by apply+ clay 7slipp+7 or by ! direct application ( col\rs ei!r "u or ov] ! glaze4 ,"s ( ! "u-glaze col\rs 7by addition ( *rome yell[ or nitrate ( lead or r$ lead7 conta9 lead & are appli$ ) ! bru% or a]ograph or 9 ! =m ( transf]s4 ,pla9 e>!nw>e is ei!r n glaz$ or salt glaz$2 only :5 decorat$ does x sometimes receive an acid lead glaze4 ,porcela9 receives a leadless glaze ( difficultly fusible silicate 7qu>tz s&1 *9a clay1 felsp>74 ,risk is "h conf9$ to pa9t+ ) lead fluxes 7enamel col\rs7 conta9+ lead4 ,^! fluxes are readily fusible glasses made ( silicic acid1 boric acid1 lead oxide1 & alkalis1 & conta9 mu* lead 7#fj-hj p] c5t4 ( r$ lead74 ,9 ! glass indu/ry lead poison+ may occur f use ( r$ lead z "o ( ! ess5tial +r$i5ts4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 9 ! ye>s #aijj-i1 =ty-eight cases 7 report$ 9 glass poli%+ f use ( putty p[d]4 ,,lett]press ,,pr9t+1 ,,etc4 ,type metal consi/s ( ab\t #fg p] c5t4 lead1 #bg p] c5t4 antimony1 & #f p] c5t4 t91 b sometimes ( #ge p] c5t4 lead1 #bc p] c5t4 antimony1 & #b p] c5t4 t94 ,! actual pr9t] comes lea/ ( all 9 contact ) lead4 ,use ( lead col\rs 7:ite lead1 *romate ( lead1 c47 may be a s\rce ( dang]1 especially 9 ! prep>ation ( pr9t+ inks f !m & 9 clean+ ! pr9t+ rolls4 ,a fur!r1 if slight1 dang] arises f ! use ( bronze p[d] consi/+ ( copp]1 z9c1 & t94 ,! two la/-nam$ metals conta9 f #ja to #je p] c5t4 ( lead1 & 9 ! application & bru%+ (f ( ! bronze !re is a slight risk4 ,! compositor is expos$ to con/ant dang] f h&l+ ! type & di/urb+ ! du/ 9 ! cases4 ,?is du/ may conta9 f #ae to #ch p] c5t4 ( lead4 ,bl[+ ! du/ out ( ! cases ) bell[s is especially dang]\s1 & want ( cleanl9ess 7eat+ & smok+ 9 ! workroom7 contributes to ! risk4 ,type f\nd]s & p]sons engag$ 9 rubb+ & prep>+ ! type suff]4 ,introduction ( type-ca/+ ma*9es 7l9otype1 monotype7 has less5$ ! dang] consid]ably4 ,no lead fumes are develop$1 z a temp]ature suffici5tly high to produce !m is nev] rea*$4 ,9 all ! processes1 !re=e1 x is lead du/ :i* has to be consid]$4 ,! foll[+ figures ( ! ,imp]ial ,/ati/ical ,(fice z to occurr5ce ( lead poison+ among pr9t]s 9 ,vi5na indicate ! relative dang]3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,occupation4 ,av]age ,no4,av]age ,no4,p]c5tage ( ,memb]s1 ( ,cases1 ( ,cases1 #aija-aijf4 #aija-aijf4 #aija-aijf4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,compositors #cahb #ijc #bh ,pr9t]s #hji #bjc #bd ,ca/]s & ,/]eotyp]s #bda #aeh #ff ,females employ$ 9 ca/+ #gd #hag #ajh ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,9 ,bohemia !re is ref]5ce to ?irty-eight cases 9 lett]press pr9t+ 9 #aijg & tw5ty-sev5 9 #aijh4 ,among #efic p]sons treat$ = lead poison+ betwe5 ! ye>s #ahih & #aija 9 hospitals 9 ,prussia1 #bbb 7 lett]press pr9t]s4 ,betwe5 #aijj & #aiji 9 ,great ,brita9 #bjj cases ( lead poison+ 7 report$4 ,,v>i\s ,,bran*es ,,( ,,indu/ry ,! numb] ( indu/ries us+ lead is v l>ge4 ,layet z long ago z #ahgf enum]at$ #aaa4 ,we1 h[ev]1 limit ourselves to ^? 9 :i* ! risk is consid]able4 ,use ( lead b$s 9 file-cutt+ has giv5 rise to _m cases4 ,fur!r1 to h>d5 ! file x is dipp$ into a ba? ( molt5 lead4 ,f #c to #f p] c5t4 ( lead has be5 f\nd 9 ! du/ 9 rooms :]e h>d5+ is done4 ,( #gjjj p]sons employ$ 9 file-cutt+ 9 ! ,g]man ,empire 9 ! ye>s #aija-e on an av]age #cje or #jdc p] c5t4 7 affect$ ye>ly4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 #baa cases 7 report$ 9 ! ye>s #aijj-i4 ,9 poli%+ preci\s /ones =m]ly _m cases ( lead poison+ occurr$1 ! reason be+ t ! poli%]s come into contact ) p>ticles ( lead & fix ! diamonds to be poli%$ 9 a vice compos$ ( an alloy ( lead & t94 ,dang] is increas$ :5 ! /ones are actually poli%$ on revolv+ lead5 discs4 ,9 ,bohemia granite poli%+ us$ to be done 9 ?is way1 b is n[ replac$ 9 _m factories by c>borundum 7silicon c>bide74 ,musical in/rum5t mak+ 9 ,bohemia 9 ! ye>s #aijf-h 0 f\nd regul>ly to give rise to cases ( lead poison+ f use ( molt5 lead 9 fill+ !m ) a view to %ap+ & b5d+4 ,9 lead pipe & organ pipe works1 lead burn+1 plumb+1 c41 consid]able risk is run4 ,(t5 ! causes ( lead poison+ are difficult to discov]1 &1 :5 f\nd1 surpris+4 ,?us %oemak]s h suff]$ f hold+ lead5 nails 9 ! m\?4 ,aga91 cases 9 wom5 h be5 report$ f cutt+ out artificial fl[]s or pap] articles ) aid ( lead patt]ns1 or c\nt+ /amps pr9t$ 9 lead col\rs4#h ,,m]cury ,z metallic m]cury gives (f vap\r ev5 at ord9>y temp]atures1 poison+ c occur n only 9 ! recov]y ( ! metal f ! ore1 b also 9 all processes 9 :i* x is us$4 ,*ronic indu/rial poison+ occurs pr9cipally 9 ! prep>ation & use ( m]cury salts1 9 recov]y ( ! metal itself & ( o!r metals ) use ( an amalgam1 9 wat] gild+1 f use ( nitrate ( m]cury 9 ! prep>ation ( rabbit fur = felt hat mak+1 f use ( m]cury pumps 9 produc+ ! vacuum 9 electric filam5t lamps1 & 9 mak+ b>omet]s & !rmomet]s4 ,,prep>ation4--,m]cury is obta9$ by roa/+ c9nab> 7sulphide ( m]cury74 ,:5 c9nab> is heat$ ) access ( air ! sulphide burns to sulphur dioxide & ! m]cury volatilises & is subsequ5tly cond5s$4 ,=m]ly ! process 0 c>ri$ on 9 op5 he>?s2 n[ x is done usually 9 bla/ furnaces4 ,! m]cury is cond5s$ 9 ,idria 9 l>ge *amb]s cool$ ) wat]1 :ile at ,almad5 9 ,spa9 x is collect$ 9 a s]ies ( small e>!nw>e receptacles 7aludels71 f small op5+s 9 :i* ! m]cury fl[s 9 gutt]s & collects4 ,! m]cury s recov]$ is usually r$i/ill$4 ,on ! walls ( ! cond5s]s a deposit ( sulphide & oxide ( m]cury collects1 removal ( :i* is "o ( ! op]ations mo/ att5d$ ) risk4 ,recov]y ( silv] or gold by amalgamation ) m]cury is c>ri$ on only 9 ,am]ica4 ,! metallic silv] or gold is tak5 up by ! m]cury1 f :i* x is recov]$ by di/illation4 ,! conditions 9 ! quicksilv] m9es ( ,idria 9 ,au/ria h improv$ ( late ye>s4 ,?us 9 ! five ye>s prior to #ahhf ( #ejj cases ( illness m ?an #aa p] c5t4 7 due to *ronic m]curial poison+4 ,9 #aijf1 #bji p]sons 7 employ$1 ( :om only "o-?ird 7 p]man5t h&s4 ,among ^! ! sickness rate 0 v high 7#ie-ajd p] c5t474 ,( #gda cases ( illness among ! m9]s !re 7 six ( m]cury poison+1 & ( #agi among p]sons employ$ 9 recov]y ( ! metal1 twelve cases4#a ,! conditions ( employm5t 9 ! c9nab> m9es ( ,monte ,amiata 9 ,italy h rec5tly be5 describ$ 9 detail4#b ,"h1 al?\gh ! recov]y ( ! metal is c>ri$ out 9 mod]n furnaces1 ?us greatly r$uc+ ! dang]1 nev]!less ne>ly all ! furnace work]s suff] f *ronic poison+4 ,9 silv]+ ( mirrors ! leaf ( t9foil 0 spread out on an incl9$ table2 m]cury 0 p\r$ ov] x & ! %eet ( glass laid on ! top ) weights4 ,! sup]flu\s m]cury 0 squeez$ out & ran away ow+ to ! slop+ position ( ! table4 ,n[ ?is process1 ev5 9 ,fr?1 is almo/ entirely replac$ by ! nitrate ( silv] & ammonia process4 ,ye>s ago ! numb] ( cases ( poison+ 0 v s]i\s 9 places :]e1 z 9 ,fr?1 ! "w 0 c>ri$ on z a home indu/ry4 ,9 ! production ( inc&esc5t electric bulbs dang] arises f break+ ( ! glass pipes ( ! pumps & scatt]+ ( m]cury on ! floor ( ! workrooms4 ,s9ce !re is a gr[+ t5d5cy to replace m]cury pumps by air pumps su* cases ought to become r>e4 ,9 wat] gild+--a process little employ$ n[--! metal objects 7milit>y buttons1 c47 to be gild$1 aft] treatm5t ) a flux1 are bru%$ ov] ) ! m]cury amalgam1 & subsequ5tly fir$ to drive (f ! m]cury4 ,unless c>eful provision is made to c>ry away ! vap\r *ronic poison+ _c fail to occur4 ,ev5 sweeps h be5 affect$ aft] clean+ ! *imneys ( wat] gild]s' work%ops4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 betwe5 #ahii & #aije1 six cases 7 report$ among wat] gild]s4 ,9 ! manufacture ( b>omet]s & !rmomet]s m]cury poison+ is n infrequ5t4 ,betwe5 #ahii & #aije sixte5 su* cases 7 report$ 9 ,engl&2 dur+ ! same p]iod !re 7 sev5te5 cases among ^? putt+ toge!r electrical met]s4 ,risk ( m]curial poison+ is con/antly pres5t 9 hatt]s' furri]s' processes & 9 subsequ5t processes 9 felt hat factories4 ,! risk f use ( nitrate ( m]cury is consid]able to ^? bru%+ ! rabbit sk9s ) ! solution 7c>ott+71 & subsequ5tly dry+1 bru%+1 cutt+1 lock+1 & pack+ !m4 ,accord+ to ,h5cke 9 #ajj kilos ( ! c>ott+ liquid !re are #bj kilos ( m]cury4 ,9 ,engl&1 9 ! ye>s #ahii-aije1 ?irte5 cases ( m]curial poison+ 7 report$ 9 hatt]s' furri]s' processes4 ,among eighty-"o p]sons s employ$ ! m$ical inspector f\nd tw5ty-sev5 ) v defective tee? z ! result ( ! employm5t1 & sev5te5 ) m>k$ tremor4 ,9 ! manufacture ( m]curial salts poison+ occurs *iefly :5 !y are made by sublimation1 z 9 ! manufacture ( v]milion1 ( corrosive sublimate 7:5 m]cur\s sulphate is sublim$ ) salt71 & 9 ! prep>ation ( calomel 7:5 sublimate gr\nd ) m]cury or m]cur\s sulphate mix$ ) m]cury & salt is sublim$74 ,betwe5 #ahii & #aije 9 ,engl& sev5 cases 7 report$ f *emical works4 ,z to occurr5ce ( m]cury poison+ f fulm9ate ( m]cury1 see ! *apt] on ,explosives4 ,,ars5ic ,*ronic indu/rial ars5ical poison+1 bo? z to orig9 & c\rse1 is m>k$ly diff]5t f ! acute =m4 ,! *ronic =m arises ma9ly f inhalation ( m9ute quantities ( metallic ars5ic or its comp\nds 9 recov]y f ! ore1 or f ! use ( ars5ic comp\nds 9 ! manufacture ( col\rs1 9 tany>ds1 & 9 glass mak+4 ,acute indu/rial ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+ is especially likely to occur :]e metals & acids react on "o ano!r & ei!r ! metal or ! acid conta9s ars5ic 9 appreciable am\nt4 ,fur!r1 ars5iurett$ hydrog5 may be conta9$ 9 gases giv5 (f 9 smelt+ op]ations & 9 *emical processes4 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,ars5ic ,,& ,,:ite ,,ars5ic4--,pure ars5ic is obta9$ f native cobalt & ars5ical pyrites by volatilisation on roa/+ ! ore 9 ! abs5ce ( air4 ,aft] ! furnace has be5 *>g$ %eet iron cond5s+ tubes are affix$ to ! m\?s ( ! retorts1 :i* project out ( ! furnace1 & to ^! aga9 iron or e>!nw>e prolongs4 ,ars5ic cond5ses on ! sides ( ! %eet metal tubes & amorph\s ars5ic1 oxides1 & sulphides 9 ! prolongs4 ,aft] sublimation has be5 complet$ ! cont5ts ( ! prolongs are remov$ & us$ = production ( o!r ars5ic comp\nds2 ! 7g5]ally7 arg5tif]\s residues 9 ! retorts are remov$ & fur!r treat$ 9 silv] smelt+ works2 f9ally1 ! cru/s ( cry/all9e ars5ic 7artificial fly p[d]7 are knock$ out f ! c>efully unroll$ %eet iron tubes4 ,z c be readily und]/ood f ! description opportunity ( poison+ f volatilisation ( ars5ic & ( ars5ic comp\nds is consid]able4 ,metallic ars5ic is us$ = mak+ h>d %ot1 & = increas+ ! brilliancy & h>dness ( metal alloys 7type metal1 c474 ,:ite ars5ic 7ars5ic trioxide7 is obta9$ by roa/+ ) access ( air 9 rev]b]atory furnaces ars5ical ores & smelt+ residues4 ,! vap\rs ( :ite ars5ic sublime & are cond5s$ z a p[d] 9 long wall$ *annels or 9 *amb]s1 & are resublim$ 9 iron cyl9d]s4 ,:ite ars5ic is us$ 9 mak+ col\rs1 9 glass 7= decol\ris+ purposes71 z an insecticide 9 ! /uff+ ( animals1 c4 ,,indu/rial ,,ars5ic ,,poison+4--,9 ! extraction ( ars5ic & prep>ation ( ars5i\s acid dang] is pres5t4 ,b reliable acc\nts 9 lit]ature ( poison+ among ^? engag$ 9 ars5ic works are want+4 ,^? engag$ 9 roa/+ op]ations & pack+ suff] mu* f sk9 affections4 ,simil> poison+ is report$ 9 ! smelt+ ( o!r ars5ical ores--nickel1 cobalt1 lead1 copp]1 iron1 & silv]1 f ars5ic comp\nds pres5t 9 ! fumes4 ,?is is especially ! case 9 ! smelt+ ( t91 :i* g5]ally conta9s ars5ical pyrites4 ,dang] is pres5t also 9 unhair+ 7i4e4 remov+ ! wool f %eep sk9s71 s9ce ! sk9s import$ f ,bu5os ,aires & ,monte ,video are treat$ ) a pres]vative :i*1 9 addition to sodium nitrate1 soda1 & pota%1 conta9s g5]ally ars5i\s acid4 ,9 tann]ies a mixture ( ars5ic sulphide 7realg>7 & lime is us$ = unhair+4 ,ars5ic is us$ also = pres]v+ & /uff+ animal furs2 b al?\gh affections ( ! sk9 are describ$ ,i _c f9d ref]5ce to ars5ical poison+4 ,! inspector = ,ea/ ,london 9 #aije ref]s to sev]e eczemat\s eruptions on face1 neck1 & h&s1 affect+ work]s 9 a %eep dip works--ma9ly 9 ! pack+ ( ! light p[d] 9 packets4 ,=m]ly ! use ( ars5ic 9 ! manufacture ( col\rs 0 great1 especially ( em]ald 7,s*we9furt]7 gre54 ,?is is made by dissolv+ ars5i\s acid 9 pota% ) addition ( acetate ( copp]4 ,dry+ & gr9d+ ! mat]ial con/itute ! ma9 dang]4 ,s*eele's gre5 is ano!r ars5ical col\r4 ,use ( ars5ic col\rs is becom+ less & less4 ,b 9 col\r pr9t+ ( pap] & col\r+ ( *alk !y are /ill employ$4 ,!y are us$1 too1 z mordants 9 dye+1 b cases ( poison+ f ^! s\rces 9 rec5t ye>s are n to be f\nd4 ,! du/ 9 _m glass works conta9s1 x is /at$1 z mu* z #ae p] c5t ( :ite ars5ic4 ,despite ! num]\s opportunities = ars5ical poison+ 9 indu/ries x is r>e or1 at any rate1 is only r>ely report$4 ,,ars5iurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,poison+4--,indu/rial poison+ f ars5iurett$ hydrog5 is caus$ mo/ly by inhalation ( ! gases develop$ by ! action on "o ano!r ( acids & metals :i* conta9 ars5ic4 ,hydrog5 gas z usually prep>$ = fill+ balloons gives occasion = poison+4 ,9 ,breslau 9 #aijb five workm5 became affect$1 ( :om ?ree di$ f inhalation ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas 9 fill+ toy balloons4#a ,fur!r1 use ( hydrog5 9 lead burn+ may expose to risk1 & also prep>ation ( z9c *loride flux4 ,( ?irty-n9e record$ cases ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+ twelve 7 *emi/s1 elev5 work]s fill+ toy balloons1 sev5 anil9e work]s1 five lead smelt]s1 ?ree ballooni/s1 & 9 "o ! orig9 c\ld n be trac$4 ,n9ete5 ( ^! prov$ fatal )9 f ?ree to tw5ty-f\r days4#b ,cases are record$ 7#a7 9 ! r$uction ( nitroso-me?ylanil9e ) z9c & hydro*loric acid2 7#b7 9 ! prep>ation ( z9c *loride f z9c a%es & hydro*loric acid2 7#c7 f manufacture ( z9c sulphate f crude sulphuric acid & z9c du/2 7#d7 9 spelt] works 9 ! ref9+ ( silv] f ! z9c cru/ ) impure hydro*loric acid2 & 7#e7 9 ! =mation room ( accumulator factories4 ,! ,engli% factory inspectors' report describes 9 #aijf occurr5ce ( ?ree cases 9 an electrolytic process = ! recov]y ( copp] 9 :i* ! copp] dissolv$ 9 sulphuric acid 0 deposit$ at ! ca?ode1 & hydrog5 at ! lead anode4 ,9 ! #aijg report m5tion is made ( two cases1 "o affect+ a *emi/ sep>at+ bismu? f a solution ( bismu? *loride 9 hydro*loric acid1 & ! o!r 7:i* prov$ fatal7 a man :o _h clean$ a vitriol tank4 ,! poison+ result+ f f]ro-silicon is 9 "p ref]able to developm5t ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,,antimony ,x seems d\btful if indu/rial poison+ c really be trac$ to antimony or its comp\nds2 g5]ally ! ars5ic pres5t ) ! antimony is at fault4 ,erb5#a consid]s t indu/rial antimony poison+ occurs among workm5 employ$ 9 smelt+ antimony alloys 9 mak+ t>t> emetic ?r\gh inhalation ( fumes ( oxide ( antimony4 ,a case is cit$ ( a workman 9 ,hamburg engag$ 9 pulv]is+ pure antimony :o 0 attack$ ) vomit+ :i* la/$ = sev]al days1 & ! inspector ( factories not$ epi/axis 7nose ble$+7 & vomit+ z foll[+ on ! cru%+ ( antimony ore4 ,compositors 9 addition to *ronic lead poison+ may suff]1 x is alleg$1 f *ronic antimony poison+1 %[+ itself 9 dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( :ite blood corpuscles & m>k$ eos9ophilia4 ,^! *anges 9 ! blood c\ld be br\ght ab\t exp]im5tally 9 rabbits4 ,antimony 0 f\nd by ! ,m>% te/ 9 ! /ools ( ^? affect$4 ,,iron ,pig iron is obta9$ by smelt+ iron ores 9 bla/ furnaces 7fig4 #bi71 ?r\gh ! upp] op5+ ( :i* *>ges ( ore1 lime/one or simil> mat]ial to act z a flux1 & coke are f$ 9 succession4 ,! furnaces are work$ cont9u\sly1 us+ a bla/ ( heat$ air2 c>bon monoxide is produc$ & effects ! r$uction ( ! ore to molt5 iron4 ,! latt] accumulates 9 ! he>? & is cov]$ ) molt5 slag2 ?is fl[s con/antly away ?r\gh an op5+ & is collect$ 9 slag bogies = removal1 or is sometimes cool$ 9 wat]4 ,! crude iron is tapp$ f "t to "t1 & is l$ 9 a fluid condition into m\lds call$ #8pigs1' 9 :i* x solidifies4 ,ca/ iron is occasionally us$ direct f ! bla/ furnace = ! purpose ( mak+ r\gh ca/+s1 b g5]ally x is fur!r ref9$ be=e be+ us$ 9 a f\ndry by remelt+ ) ca/ iron scrap 9 a cupola furnace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 a ,he>?2 b ,bo%2 c ,%aft2 d ,gas uptake2 e ,d[n-com]2 f ,tuyres ) wat] cool+ arrangem5t2 g ,bla/ pipes2 h ,tapp+ hole2 k ,support+ columns2 l ,furnace bottom2 m ,*>g+ hopp]2 n ,bell ) rais+ & l[]+ arrangem5t4 ,wr\ght iron is made by treat+ pig iron 9 ref9]y & puddl+ furnaces2 9 ^! mu* ( ! c>bon is remov$ z c>bon monoxide1 & f ! puddl+ furnace ! iron is obta9$ z a pa/y mass :i* c be work$ into b>s1 rods1 or plates4 ,/eel is made 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! ,acid ,bessem] process consi/s 9 =c+ compress$ air 9 num]\s small /reams ?r\gh molt5 ca/ iron1 9 iron vessels 7conv]t]s7 :i* are l9$ ) gani/]1 a silici\s s&/one4 ,^! c be rotat$ on trunnions4 ,basic ,bessem] /eel is made 9 simil> conv]t]s by ! ,?omas-,gil*ri/ or basic process1 :i* c be appli$ to pig irons conta9+ phosphorus4 ,! latt] is remov$ by giv+ ! conv]t] a basic l9+ ( calc9$ magnesium lime/one mix$ ) t>4 ,9 ! ,m>t9 process /eel is obta9$ by melt+ toge!r pig iron ) /eel scrap1 wr\ght iron scrap1 c41 on ! he>? ( a ,siem5s reg5]ative furnace ) a silici\s l9+4 ,9 iron smelt+ ! mo/ important dang] is f bla/ furnace gas ri* 9 c>bonic oxide4 ,sulphur dioxide1 hydrocyanic acid1 & ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas may possibly be pres5t4 ,:5 "w 0 c>ri$ out 9 bla/ furnaces ) op5 tops ! work]s engag$ 9 *>g+ ran consid]able risk4 ,b z ! bla/ furnace gas is ri* 9 c>bonic oxide & has high heat+ capacity ^! gases are n[ always l$ (f & utilis$2 ! *>g+ po9t is clos$ by a cup 7,p>ry's cup & cone *>g]7 & only op5$ f "t to "t me*anically1 :5 ! work]s retire s f> f ! op5+ z to be unaffect$ by ! escap+ gas4 ,! gas is l$ away 7fig4 #bi7 ?r\gh a side op5+ into special gas ma9s1 is subject$ to a purify+ process 9 ord] to rid x ( flue du/1 & !n us$ to heat ! bla/1 fire ! boil]s1 or drive gas eng9es4 ,sev]e bla/ furnace gas poison+1 h[ev]1 does occur 9 ent]+ ! ma9s = clean+ purposes4 ,num]\s cases ( ! k9d are quot$ 9 ! section on ,c>bonic oxide poison+4 ,! gases evolv$ on tapp+ & slag runn+ c also act injuri\sly1 & unpleasant emanations be giv5 (f 9 granulat+ ! slag 7by receiv+ ! fluid slag 9 wat]74 ,9 ! puddl+ process mu* c>bonic oxide is pres5t4 ,o!r processes1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely give rise to poison+4 ,! basic slag produc$ 9 ! ,?omas-,gil*ri/ process is a valuable manure on acc\nt ( ! phosphorus x conta9s2 x is gr\nd 9 edge runn]s1 & !n r$uc$ to a v f9e du/ 9 mills & dis9tegrators4 ,?is du/ has a corrosive action already ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on ,phosphorus & ,artificial ,manures4 ,! poison+ caus$ by f]ro-silicon is ( int]e/4 ,iron ) high proportion ( silicon has be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s on a l>ge scale = production ( /eel4 ,"s #djjj tons ( f]ro-silicon are annually export$ to ,great ,brita9 f ,france & ,g]many4 ,x is made by melt+ toge!r iron ore1 qu>tz1 coke1 & lime 7z flux7 at v high temp]ature 9 electrical furnaces4 ,! coke r$uces ! qu>tz & ore to silicon & metal ) ! production ( f]ro-silicon4 ,c]ta9 grades1 namely ^? ) ab\t #ej p] c5t4 silicon1 h ! prop]ty ( decompos+ or dis9tegrat+ into p[d] on exposure = any l5g? ( "t to ! air1 ) production ( v poison\s gases conta9+ phosphorett$ & ars5iurett$ hydrog54 ,! iron & qu>tz (t5 conta9 phosphates1 :i* 9 pres5ce ( c>bon & at ! high temp]ature ( ! electrical furnace w\ld no d\bt be conv]t$ into phosphides comb9+ ) ! lime to =m calcium phosphide2 simil>ly any ars5ic pres5t w\ld yield calcium ars5ide4 ,^! w\ld be decompos$ 9 pres5ce ( wat] & evolve phosphorett$ & ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,9 addition to its poison\s prop]ties x has also giv5 rise to explosions4 ,9 ,janu>y #aije fifty /e]age pass5g]s 7 made s]i\sly ill & elev5 ( !m di$4 ,9 #aijg five pass5g]s di$ on a ,sw$i% /eam] z ! result ( poison\s gases giv5 (f f f]ro-silicon1 & m rec5tly five lives 7 lo/ on ! /eam] ,a/on c>ry+ ! mat]ial f ,antw]p to ,grimsby4,c ,?is accid5t l$ to full inve/igation ( ! subject by ,dr4 ,copeman1 ,f4,r4,s41 "o ( ! ,m$ical ,inspectors ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,b5nett1 "o ( ,h4,m4 ,inspectors ( ,factories1 & ,dr4 ,wilson ,hake1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,i4,c41 9 :i* ! conclusions arriv$ at are summ>is$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,num]\s accid5ts1 fatal & o!rwise1 h be5 caus$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s by ! escape ( poison\s & explosive gases f consignm5ts ( f]ro-silicon1 :i*1 9 e in/ance1 h be5 f\nd to consi/ ( s-call$ high-grade f]ro-silicon1 produc$ 9 ! electric furnace4 #b4 ,^! accid5ts1 = ! mo/ "p1 h occurr$ dur+ transport ( ! f]ro-silicon by wat]1 :e!r 9 sea-go+ vessels or 9 b>ges & canal-boats ply+ on inl& wat]s4 #c4 ,^! accid5ts h occurr$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries & on vessels ( diff]5t nationalities1 :ile ! f]ro-silicon c>ri$ has1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 be5 ! product ( a diff]5t manufactory4 #d4 ,f]ro-silicon1 especially ( grades conta9+ f #dj p] c5t4 to #fj p] c5t4 ( silicon1 is inv>iably f\nd to evolve consid]able quantities ( phosphorett$ hydrog5 gas1 &1 9 less am\nt1 ( ars5iurett$ hydrog51 bo? ( :i* are ( a highly poison\s nature4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! gas evolv$ is pres5t1 z su*1 9 ! alloy1 be+ #8occlud$' 9 m9ute spaces ) :i* its sub/ance is (t5 p]meat$4 #e4 ,z ! result ( c>eful inve/igation1 x has be5 %[n t c]ta9 grades ( f]ro-silicon--notably su* z conta9 ab\t #cc p] c5t41 #ej p] c5t41 & #fj p] c5t4 ( silicon--ev5 :5 manufactur$ f fairly pure con/itu5ts1 are bo? brittle & liable to dis9tegrate spontane\sly1 ?is latt] *>act]i/ic be+ apt to be specially m>k$ 9 ! case ( ! #ej p] c5t4 grade4 ,all ^! grades are commonly employ$ at ! pres5t "t4 #f4 ,9 ! ev5t ( dis9tegration occurr+1 ! am\nt ( surface expos$ w1 obvi\sly1 be great] ?an if ! mass 7 solid4 #g4 ,evolution ( poison\s gases is greatly increas$ by ! action ( moi/ure1 or ( moi/ air1 "u ! influ5ce ( :i* phosphorett$ hydrog5 is g5]at$ f calcium phosphide1 :i*1 9 turn1 is =m$1 9 l>ge "p1 at any rate1 f ! calcium phosphate pres5t 9 an?racite & qu>tz1 at ! high temp]ature ( ! electric furnace4 ,if spontane\s dis9tegration ( ! alloy also occurs1 mu* l>g] quantities ( gas w\ld be giv5 (f f su* friable & un/able mat]ial1 o!r conditions be+ equal4 ,! great] or less t5d5cy ( a giv5 sample to evolve poison\s gases1 & ev5 a r\gh e/imate ( _! probable am\nt may be arriv$ at by ! use ( te/-pap]s prep>$ ) silv] nitrate4 #h4 ,!re is no evid5ce t l[-grade f]ro-silicon 7#aj to #ae p] c5t471 produc$ 9 ! bla/-furnace1 has ev] giv5 rise to accid5ts ( simil> "* to ^? kn[n to h be5 caus$ by ! high-grade electrically produc$ alloy4 ,bla/-furnace f]ro-silicon does n evolve poison\s gases ev5 9 pres5ce ( moi/ure4 #i4 ,z reg>ds f]ro-silicon produc$ 9 ! electric furnace1 ! evid5ce available goes to %[ t c]ta9 p]c5tage grades are practically q innocu\s4 ,?is /atem5t applies to grades ( alloy ( a silicon cont5t up to & includ+ #cj p] c5t41 & probably also1 ?\gh 9 consid]ably less degree1 to ^? ( #gj p] c5t4 & ov]4 #aj4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! use ( f]ro-silicon ( grades rang+ betwe5 #cj p] c5t4 & #gj p] c5t4 app>5tly is n ess5tial 9 metallurgical op]ations1 ) ! possible exception ( basic /eel manufacture1 x w be advisable t ! production ( ?is alloy ( grades rang+ betwe5 ^! p]c5tages %\ld be discont9u$ 9 ! future4 #aa4 ,! proprietors ( iron & /eel works mak+ use ( f]ro-silicon w assi/ 9 ! protection ( _! workpeople1 & at ! same "t act = ! public b5efit by re/rict+ _! ord]s to grades ( ?is mat]ial1 ei!r n exce$+ #cj p] c5t41 or ( #gj p] c5t4 & upw>ds1 accord+ to ! special nature ( _! requirem5ts4 #ab4 ,b z1 p5d+ int]national agreem5t on ! "q1 int]m$iate p]c5tages ( f]ro-silicon w d\btless cont9ue to be manufactur$ & sold1 ! issue1 by ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ( special regulations w be necess>y 9 ord] to obviate1 s f> z may be possible1 *ance ( fur!r accid5ts dur+ ! transport ( ?is sub/ance4 ,int] alia1 ^! regulations %\ld require a decl>ation ( ! nature1 p]c5tage1 date ( manufacture1 & place ( orig9 ( any su* consignm5t4 ,! sugge/$ regulations are pr9t$ on p4 #bia4 ,,z9c ,indu/rial poison+ f z9c is unkn[n4 ,! *ronic z9c poison+ among spelt] work]s describ$ by ,s*lock[ ) n]v\s symptoms is und\bt$ly to be attribut$ to lead4 ,,copp]3 ,,brass ,occurr5ce ( brass-f\nd]'s ague4--,op9ion is divid$ z to :e!r pure copp] is poison\s or n4 ,lehmann has at any rate %[n exp]im5tally t z an indu/rial poison x is )\t importance4 ,occurr5ce1 h[ev]1 ( brass-f\nd]'s ague is und\bt$ly frequ5t4 ,al?\gh nei!r pure z9c nor pure copp] give rise to poison+1 yet ! p\r+ ( brass 7an alloy ( z9c & copp]7 sets up a peculi> tra9 ( symptoms4 ,z ! symptoms are transi5t1 & m$ical att5dance is only v r>ely s\ght aft]1 k ( its frequ5cy is difficult to obta94 ,sigel1#a :o has exp]im5t$ on himself1 believes t ! symptoms result f inhalation ( sup]heat$ z9c fumes4 ,9 l>ge well-appo9t$ brass ca/+ %ops 7z 9 ^? ( ,zeiss 9 ,j5a7 incid5ce is r>e4 ,lehmann#b v rec5tly has express$ 8 decid$ op9ion t brass-f\nd]'s ague is a z9c poison+ due to inhalation ( z9c oxide & n z9c fumes4 ,?is conclusion he came to z ! result ( exp]im5ts on a workman pr$ispos$ to attacks ( brass-f\nd]'s ague4 ,lehmann's surmise is t ! symptoms are due to an auto-intoxication f absorption ( dead epi!lial cells l9+ ! respiratory tract1 ! cells hav+ be5 de/roy$ by inhalation ( ! z9c oxide4 ,he f\nd t he c\ld produce typical symptoms 9 a work] by inhalation ( ! fumes giv5 (f 9 burn+ pure z9c4 ,metal pickl+4--,! object ( metal dipp+ is to give metal objects1 especially ( brass 7buckles1 lamps1 electric fitt+s1 c&le/icks1 c471 a clean or mat surface & is effect$ by dipp+ 9 ba?s ( nitric1 hydro*loric1 or sulphuric acid4 ,g5]ally aft] dipp+ 9 ! dilute ba? ! articles g = "o or two m9utes into /rong acid1 f :i* injuri\s fumes1 especially nitr\s fumes1 develop ) occasionally fatal effect 7see ! *apt] on ,nitric ,acid74 ,un=tunately1 !re are no ref]5ces 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject z to ! frequ5cy ( su* attacks4 ,recov]y ( gold & silv] has be5 already ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt]s on ,m]cury1 ,lead1 & ,cyanog54 ,m5tion mu/ be made ( argyria4 ,?is is n poison+ 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 z injury to heal? is h>dly caus$4 ,argyria results f absorption ( small doses ( silv] salts :i*1 excret$ 9 ! =m ( r$uc$ metallic silv]1 give ! sk9 a %9y black col\r4 ,cases are mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 silv]]s ( glass pe>ls :o d ! "w by suction4 ,local argyria has be5 describ$ by ,lew9 9 silv]+ ( mirrors & 9 photograph]s4 ,,iii4 ,,occurr5ce ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,,9 ,,v>i\s ,,indu/ries ,! mo/ important facts h n[ be5 /at$ z to ! occurr5ce ( poison+ 9 indu/ry1 & !re rema9 only a few gaps to fill 9 & to survey briefly ! risks 9 c]ta9 important gr\ps ( indu/ry4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,/one ,,& ,,e>?s ,lime ,burn+3 ,glass ,indu/ry ,lead poison+ 9 ! c]amic indu/ry 7e>!nw>e1 porcela91 glass1 poli%+ ( preci\s /ones1 c47 has be5 dealt ) 9 detail 9 ! *apt] on ,lead4 ,!re is fur!r ! possibility ( *rome-ulc]ation1 ( ars5ic poison+1 & conceivably also ( manganese4 ,fur!r1 poison+ by c>bonic oxide & c>bon dioxide may occur f ! escape ( furnace gases :]e hygi5ic conditions are bad4 ,9 *>g+ lime kilns poison+ by c>bonic oxide has occurr$4 ,! report ( ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry 9 #aijf describes ! case ( a workman :o 0 assi/+ 9 fill+ ! kiln ) lime/one4 ,z ! furnace door 0 op5$ = ! purpose gas escap$ 9 su* am\nt z to r5d] him unconsci\s4 ,he 0 pick$ up ?irty m9utes lat]1 b ef=ts at resuscitation fail$4 ,c>bonic oxide poison+1 aga91 may arise f ! use ( ,siem5s reg5]ative furnaces1 especially glass furnaces3 details are giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,illum9at+ ,gas4 ,hydr(luoric acid is pres5t z an indu/rial poison 9 glass et*+ 7see ,fluor9e ,comp\nds74 ,p]sons employ$ 9 ?is process suff] f inflammation ( ! respiratory tract & ulc]ation ( ! sk9 ( ! h&s4 ,i c\ld n f9d any precise /atem5t z to ! frequ5cy ( ! occurr5ce ( su* injuries4 ,use ( s&-bla/+ to r\gh5 ! surface ( glass has to "s ext5t tak5 ! place ( et*+ by hydr(luoric acid4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animal ,,products ,9 tann+ use ( ars5ic comp\nds = deta*+ ! wool f sk9s & ( gas lime = gett+ rid ( hair may cause injury to heal?4 ,) ! latt] !re is possibility ( ! action ( cyanog5 comp\nds 7see ! *apt]s on ,ars5ic & ,cyanog574 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,vegetable ,,food ,,/uffs ,,& ,,! ,,l ,9 f]m5tation processes z 9 brew]ies & ! sug> indu/ry accumulations ( c>bonic acid gas occur1 & suffocation f ?is s\rce has be5 repeat$ly describ$4 ,m5tion 9 ?is connection %\ld be made ( ! use ( saluf] conta9+ "s #b p] c5t4 ( silic(luoric acid z a pres]vative & antiseptic 9 be] brew+4 ,9 ! sulphur+ ( hops1 w9e1 c41 ! work]s may run risk f ! injuri\s action ( sulphur dioxide4 ,ars5ic 9 ! sulphuric acid us$ = ! production ( dextr9e may set up indu/rial poison+4 ,poison+ f ammonia gas c occur 9 cold /orage premises4 ,indu/rial poison+ f tobacco is n prov$1 b ! injuri\s effect ( ! aroma & du/ ( tobacco--especially 9 wom5--9 badly arrang$ tobacco factories is probable4 ,,wood ,,work+ ,injuri\s woods4--,9 rec5t lit]ature !re are sev]al int]e/+ ref]5ces to injury to heal? f c]ta9 poison\s k9ds ( wood--sk9 affections 9 work]s manipulat+ sat9wood1 & affections ( ! he>t & g5]al heal? 9 work]s mak+ %uttles ( ,african boxwood4 ,details ( ^! =ms ( poison+ are report$ f ,engl& & ,bav>ia4 ,! wood us$ = mak+ ! %uttles 0 ,we/ ,african boxwood 7,gonioma ,kamassi74 ,x appe>s t ! wood conta9s an alkaloidal poison :i* affects ! he>t's action4 ,! work]s suff]$ f heada*e1 feel+ ( sleep9ess1 la*rymation1 coryza1 difficulty ( brea?+1 nausea1 & weakness4 ,f\r work]s _h to give up ! "w because ( ! difficulty 9 brea?+4 ,inquiry 0 made by ,dr4 ,john ,hay ( ,liv]pool 9 #aijh & by ! m$ical inspector ( factories 9 #aije4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! symptoms f\nd3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,p]sons ,exam9$4 ---------------------------------- ,symptoms4 #aije4 #aijg-aijh4 -------------------------------- ,numb]4,p] c5t4,numb]4,p] ,c5t4 7#a7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 7#e7 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,heada*e #bg #bda #ah #bbh ,feel+ ( somnol5ce #aj #ij #ag #bae ,runn+ ( eyes #ac #aaf #i #aac ,runn+ ( nose #bh #bej #bj #bhj ,brea?+ affect$ #cd #cjd #ac #afd ,nausea or sickness #ac #aaf #c #ch ,fa9tness or weakness #aa #if #a #ab ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,! lat] inquiry %[s consid]able dim9ution 9 ! am\nt ( compla9t z to respiratory tr\ble4 ,?is may h be5 due to ! improv$ conditions ( work+1 freely ackn[l$g$ by ! m54 ,m5 7 exam9$ :o _h compla9$ ( ! effects ( ! wood 9 #aije1 & _h cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly at ! same k9d ( "w dur+ ! int]val )\t any obvi\s fur!r injury to _! heal?1 al?\gh !y pref]r$ work+ on o!r woods4 ,ea/ ,indian boxwood _h to be disc>d$ 9 ! %uttle trade ow+ to its irritant action on ! eyes4 ,sabicu wood f ,cuba 0 /at$ to give (f #8a snuffy du/ "u ! ma*9e & h& planes1 ! effect ( :i* ^u ! work] is to cause a runn+ at ! eyes & nose1 & a g5]al feel+ ( cold 9 ! head4 ,! symptoms pass (f 9 an h\r or s aft] discont9uance ( "w4' ,ref]5ce 0 made 9 ! report = #aijf to eczemat\s eruptions produc$ by s-call$ ,borneo rosewood1 a wood us$ ow+ to its brilliant col\r & exquisite gra9 9 fret-saw "w4 ,! ,director ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute exp]im5t$ ) ?is wood1 b fail$ to discov] injuri\s prop]ties 9 x4 ,at ! same "t exp]im5ts ) ! wood & sawdu/ ( ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indian sat9wood 7 und]tak51 b also )\t result4 ,f inquiries subsequ5tly made x appe>$ t mu* confusion exi/$ z to ! designation #8sat9wood1' z "u ?is "n 7 class$ bo? ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indian sat9wood & also sat9 walnut4 ,! evid5ce 0 cle> t ,ea/ ,indian sat9wood 0 m irritat+ ?an ,we/ ,indian4 ,sat9 walnut wood is app>5tly h>mless4 ,9 ! %ipbuild+ y>ds ( ,ea/ ,london1 ,glasg[1 & ,bri/ol affections ( ! sk9 7 recognis$1 b susceptibility to ! wood v>i$4 ,"o man ass]t$ t m]ely lay+ a %av+ on ! back ( 8 h& w\ld produce a sore place4 ,! injuri\s effects "h seem to disappe> quickly4 ,exhau/ v5tilation is appli$1 b !re is a t5d5cy to give up ! use ( ! wood4 ,isolat$ cases ( illness h be5 ascrib$ to work+ teak & olive wood4 ,9 ,%effield ! foll[+ are held to be irritat+3 ebony1 mag5ta rosewood1 ,we/ ,indian boxwood1 cocos wood4 ,"s k9ds ( mahogany are said to affect ! eyes & nose4 ,use ( me?ylat$ _s 9 poli%+ furniture is said to lead to injury to heal? al?\gh n to set up actual poison+4 ,lead poison+ c occur f ! s&-pap]+ ( coats ( pa9t appli$ to wood4 ,9 impregnat+ wood ) creosote & t> ! effects on ! sk9 not$ 9 ! *apt] on ,t> are obs]v$4 ,,textile ,,indu/ry ,9 gett+ rid ( ! grease f animal wool c>bon bisulphide or b5z9e may be us$4 ,! process ( c>bonis+ 9 ! production ( %oddy may give rise to injury to heal? f acid fumes4 ,lead poison+ us$ to be caus$ by ! knock+ toge!r ( ! lead5 weights atta*$ to ! ,jacqu>d looms4 ,?is is a ?+ ( ! pa/1 z n[ iron weights are univ]sal4 ,opportunity = lead poison+ is giv5 9 ! weight+ ( y>n--especially ( silk ) lead comp\nds4 ,9 blea*+ use ( *lor9e & sulphur dioxide has to be borne 9 m9d4 ,9 *emical clean+ poison+ by b5z9e may occur4 ,9 dye+ & pr9t+ use ( poison\s col\rs is less5+1 z !y h be5 supplant$ by anil9e col\rs4 ,on occurr5ce ( anil9e poison+ 9 anil9e black dye+ see ! section on ,anil9e4 ,use ( lead col\rs & ( *romate ( lead are dealt ) 9 special sections4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,symptoms ,,& ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,9 ?is section ! mo/ important diseases & symptoms ( indu/rial poison+ w be describ$4 ,9 do+ ?is--consid]+ ! ma9ly practical purpose ( ?is book--!oretical toxicological details & any full discussion ( disput$ sci5tific po9ts w be omitt$4 ,i4 ,,introductory ,hi!rto 9 ?is book we h int5tionally foll[$ ! inductive me?od1 f ! p>ticul> to ! g5]al3 we began by cit+ a numb] ( important in/ances ( indu/rial poison+1 b only n[ w endeav\r be made to give a def9ition ( ! t]ms #8poison' & #8poison+4' ,attempts at su* def9itions are num]\s2 e old & new text-book ( toxicology conta9s !m4 ,a few only hold good = our purpose4 ,x is *>act]i/ic t ,lew91 aft] attempt+ a def9ition ( ! conception #8poison+1' himself rejects x & decl>es t he c see no practical disadvantage 9 ! impossibility ( def9+ ?is notion1 because d$uctions bas$ ^u ! k ( und\bt$ cases c nev] be disp5s$ )1 ev5 if a def9ition 7 possible3 "o ju/ification ! m = our inductive me?od4 ,b we w n q disp5se ) a def9ition4 ,poisons are c]ta9 sub/ances :i* are able *emically to act on an organism 9 su* a way z to effect a p]man5t or transi5t injury to its organs & functions2 an injury consequ5tly to ! heal? & well-be+ ( ! p]son affect$2 ?is injury we call poison+4 ,9 ! pres5t book we h refra9$ f includ+ indu/rial infections among indu/rial poison+s1 & ! subject has be5 limit$ to poison+ 9 ! re/rict$ & curr5t s5se ( ! ^w4 ,an indu/rial poison is a poison employ$1 produc$1 or someh[ occasion$ 9 indu/rial occupation1 :i* is br\ght ab\t inadv]t5tly1 & consequ5tly aga9/ ! w ( ! p]son poison$4 ,f a simple survey ( ! action ( indu/rial poisons 9 g5]al we may gr\p !m z foll[s3 #a4 ,poisons :i* act sup]ficially1 i4e4 :i* cause 9 ! organs :i* !y t\* gross anatomical lesions 7irritation1 corrosion1 c47--s-call$ contact-effect4 ,to ?is class belong especially irritant & corrosive poisons4 #b4 ,blood poisons1 i4e4 poisons :i* are absorb$ by ! blood & *ange x2 ?is *ange c affect ei!r ! blood col\r+-matt]1 ) :i* c]ta9 poisons =m *emical comp\nds1 or ! blood corpuscles !mselves c be alt]$ or de/roy$ 7= in/ance1 poisons hav+ a hmolytic action74 #c4 ,poisons ) def9ite int]nal action1 s-call$ remote or specific effect4 ,to ?is class belong ! poisons :i*1 aft] be+ absorb$ into ! sy/em1 act ^u def9ite organs or tissues 9 a specific mann] 7n]ve poisons1 he>t poisons1 c474 ,x is inde$ possible = "o & ! same poison to display two or all ?ree ( ^! modes ( action4 ,! effect ( poison dep5ds ^u an int]action ( ! poison & ! organism1 or its s+le organs4 ,selection z reg>ds quality & quantity is a prop]ty ( ! organism z well z ( ! poison3 ! nature & am\nt ( ! poison tak5 9 are det]m9+ factors on ! "o side1 & on ! o!r ! con/itution1 size1 & weight ( ! affect$ organism4 ,! *emical con/itution ( ! poison\s sub/ance det]m9es ! qualitative prop]ty ( ! poison4 ,fur!r1 c]ta9 physical prop]ties ( ! poison det]m9e its action1 especially its =m1 solubility 9 wat]1 & its p[] ( dissolv+ fat4 ,^! affect its susceptibility to absorption1 to :i* po9t we %all return %ortly2 ! hygroscopic capacity ( a poison produces a highly irritant & corrosive action4 ,indu/rial poisons c be absorb$ 7#a7 z solid sub/ances1 7#b7 z liquids1 & 7#c7 z gases4 ,s9ce indu/rial poison+1 z def9$ above1 is ( c\rse nei!r desir$ nor int5d$ by ! suff]]1 :o unsuspect+ly takes into 8 sy/em poison us$ or develop$ 9 ! factory1 solid sub/ances 9 f9ely divid$ condition--9 ! =m ( du/--c be consid]$ z indu/rial poisons4 ,accord+ly1 indu/rial poisons c be class$ z due to du/1 gases1 & liquids4 ,! poison may be introduc$ into ! body ?r\gh ! functional activity ( ! organism by ! lungs or alim5t>y tract1 or x may p5etrate ! un9jur$ or injur$ surface ( ! sk94 ,indu/rial poisons :i* contam9ate ! air ( ! factory are inhal$--^! are consequ5tly ei!r poison\s du/s or gases & vap\rs4 ,z a rule1 only indu/rial poisons 9 a liquid =m ent] ?r\gh ! sk91 :i* may be ei!r intact or w\nd$2 gase\s poisons seldom d2 poisons 9 ! =m ( fat or du/ c only pass ?r\gh ! sk9 aft] !y h be5 fir/ dissolv$ by ! secretions ( ! sk9 or ( a w\nd1 s t !y come to be absorb$ 9 solution4 ,mo/ frequ5tly ^? liquid poisons :i* are capable ( dissolv+ ! fat ( ! sk9 are ?us absorb$1 & next1 su* liquids z h a corrosive effect1 break+ d[n ! resi/ance ( ! sk9 cov]+ & produc+ an inflam$ raw surface4 ,b su* poisons mu* m easily ent] ?r\gh ! muc\s membrane1 z ?is naturally (f]s a mu* weak] resi/ance ?an ! sk94 ,f a quantitative po9t ( view x is especially ! am\nt ( poison actively assimilat$ :i* det]m9es ! effect4 ,e poison is )\t effect if assimilat$ 9 correspond+ly small quantities4 ,!re is consequ5tly a m9imum poison\s dose1 aft] :i* ! poison beg9s to act2 b ?is m9imum dose c only be asc]ta9$ & specifi$ :5 ! qualitative prop]ties & ! weight ( ! organism are also tak5 into consid]ation2 x has !re=e a relative value4 ,! /ronge/ effect :i* a poison is able to produce is ! de/ruction ( ! life functions ( ! organism1 ! fatal effect4 ,?is fatal dose1 h[ev]1 c only be det]m9$ relatively to ! qualities ( ! organism 9 "q4 ,n only is ! absolute quality ( ! poison ( decisive significance1 b ! degree ( conc5tration (t5 influ5ces its action1 t is to say1 ! great] or less am\nt ( effective poison conta9$ 9 ! sub/ance convey+ x into ! organism2 conc5tration plays an important "p 9 _m indu/rial poisons1 especially1 z is obvi\s1 9 corrosive poisons4 ,a fur!r important po9t is ! "t :i* x takes to absorb ! poison4 ,! action ( ! poison--! :ole expression ( ! symptoms ( poison+--is ess5tially influ5c$ by ?is fact4 ,usually gradual & repeat$ absorption ( small quantities produces sl[ onset ( symptoms1 :ile sudd5 absorption ( l>g] quantities ( poison br+s ab\t rapid onset ( illness4 ,9 ! =m] case ! poison+ is call$ *ronic1 9 ! latt]1 acute4 ,acute indu/rial poison+ is sometimes s sudd5 t ! affect$ p]son _c )draw himself 9 "t f ! influ5ce ( ! poison1 nor prev5t its entrance 9 consid]able quantities into 8 sy/em2 ?is is (t5 caus$ by ! fact t ! effect ( ! poison is s rapid t he is (t5 sudd5ly depriv$ ( p[] to move or ( consci\sness1 & rema9s !n expos$ to ! action ( ! poison until help comes4 ,su* accid5ts are mo/ly caus$ by poison\s gases4 ,occasionally also consid]able quantities ( poison ent] q unnotic$ into ! body1 su* z od\rless poison\s gases 9 brea?+1 or poison\s liquids ?r\gh ! sk94 ,9 *ronic indu/rial poison+ unsuspect$ accumulation ( poison takes place1 until symptoms ( illness ultimately reveal !mselves2 z ! fir/ /ages ( poison+ are n recognis$ 9 "t by ! p]son affect$1 he cont9ues expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! poison = weeks1 mon?s1 ev5 ye>s1 until ! *ronic effect has rea*$ its full developm5t & becomes obvi\s4 ,su* insidi\s indu/rial poison+ arises ?r\gh ! cont9ual absorption into ! lungs or /oma* ( small quantities ( poison\s du/1 gases1 & vap\rs1 dur+ con/ant or frequ5t "w 9 an atmosph]e conta9+ su* gases2 poison\s liquids also1 by soil+ h&s & food1 or by p5etrat+ ! sk91 c produce sl[ indu/rial poison+4 ,indu/rial poison+ :i* 9 respect ( its duration /&s midway betwe5 acute & *ronic is call$ sub-acute poison+4 ,?is usually means t m frequ5t absorption ( great] quantities ( poison has tak5 place1 ?\gh n 9 doses l>ge en\gh to produce an imm$iately acute effect4 ,?is is important legally because indu/rial poison+s caus$ ?r\gh ! sudd5 absorption ( poison 9 suffici5t quantity to act imm$iately or to br+ ab\t subsequ5t symptoms ( poison+1 are reckon$ z accid5ts4 ,?us acute & _m sub-acute indu/rial poison+s are acc\nt$ accid5ts4 ,*ronic indu/rial poison+s1 acquir$ gradually1 c\nt z illnesses4 ,b z 9 c]ta9 cases x _c be decid$ :e!r sudd5 or gradual absorption ( ! indu/rial poison is 9 "q1 ?is di/9ction is an unnatural "o4 ,x is also unnatural 9 ! legal s5se1 = !re is (t5 no mat]ial reason = reg>d+ z legally di/9ct cases ( *ronic & acute indu/rial poison+4 ,to ?is we %all ref] lat] 9 discuss+ ! "q ( insurance aga9/ indu/rial poison+4 ,we h f ! outset assum$ t ! effect ( ! poison dep5ds n only on ! nature ( ! poison itself1 b also on t ( ! organism1 consid]$ bo? quantitatively & qualitatively4 ,significant 9 a quantitative respect is ! body weight ( ! organism1 & ! fatal dose ( ! poison mu/ be asc]ta9$ & /at$ 9 connection ) ! body weight1 calculat$ z a rule p] kilo ( ! live weight4 ,! qualitative po9t ( view mu/ reckon ) ! diff]+ susceptibility ( organisms = poison4 ,?is v>y+ susceptibility to ! action ( poison1 ! causes ( :i* are v obscure1 is call$ disposition4 ,diff]5t species 7( animals & m57 exhibit (t5 v diff]5t degrees ( susceptibility t[>ds "o & ! same poison2 ! diff]5ces 9 ?is respect are (t5 v consid]able1 & "o _c simply transf] ! exp]i5ce exp]im5tally ga9$ f "o species ( animal to man or ano!r species ( animal1 )\t fur!r exp]im5t4 ,besides disposition1 sex1 & /ill m age1 (t5 det]m9e )9 ! same species m>k$ diff]5ce ( susceptibility to a poison4 ,fur!r1 !re is an individual disposition due to qualities peculi> to ! individual1 :i* makes "s p]sons m ?an usually immune & o!rs specially susceptible4 ,individuals weak5$ by illness are p>ticul>ly susceptible to poison+4 ,two diseases1 9 especial1 fav\r ! op]ation ( poison1 influ5c+ disa/r\sly ! capacity = assimilat+ food1 & r$uc+ ! g5]al resi/+ p[] ( ! body2 ( ^! tub]culosis /&s fir/4 ,individual disposition plays 9 indu/rial poison+ a "p :i* mu/ n be "u-e/imat$2 x det]m9es ! possibility ( acclimatisation to a poison2 "s individuals capable ( resi/ance habituate !mselves--(t5 comp>atively easily--to a poison1 & become1 up to a c]ta9 limit1 immune aga9/ x1 t is1 !y c tol]ate a quantity :i* w\ld be injuri\s to o!rs n s accu/om$4 ,) o!r individuals1 h[ev]1 ! opposite effect is app>5t4 ,repeat$ exposure to ! action ( ! poison leads to an increas$ susceptibility1 s t acclimatisation is n possible4 ,innate hyp]-s5sitiv5ess ( ! individual t[>ds a poison is call$ idiosyncrasy4 ,frequ5tly1 = example1 ?is quality %[s itself z hyp]-s5sitiv5ess ( ! sk9 t[>ds ! h>mful action ( c]ta9 poisons4 ,a m>k$ l[]+ 9 ! s5sitiv5ess1 innate or acquir$1 ( ! organism t[>ds a poison is call$ immunity4 ,! possibility ( ! absorption & action ( a poison presupposes--speak+ g5]ally--its solubility1 & inde$ its solubility 9 ! body juices4 ,9 g5]al1 poison c be absorb$ at v diff]5t po9ts ( ! body2 s f> z indu/rial poisons are conc]n$1 ^! are ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages1 ! muc\s membrane ( ! dige/ive tract1 & ! sk91 intact or brok54 ,! rapidity ( absorption dep5ds on ! nature ( ! poison1 ( ! individual1 & ! *annel ( absorption4 ,( indu/rial poisons gases are relatively ! mo/ quickly absorb$2 sometimes inde$ s swiftly t ! effect foll[s almo/ imm$iately4 ,elim9ation ( indu/rial poisons is effect$ pr9cipally by ! kidneys1 ! inte/9al canal1 ! respiratory organs1 &1 m r>ely1 ! sk94 ,rapidity ( elim9ation also dep5ds on ! nature ( ! poison & ( ! p]son poison$4 ,if elim9ation is insuffici5t1 or absorption takes place m quickly ?an excretion1 ! poison accumulates 9 ! body1 & has a cumulative effect :i* 9 *ronic indu/rial poison+s plays a v important rle4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances poisons are n ?r[n (f1 b /or$ up--fix$--9 ! body4 ,! poison absorb$ 9 ! body c act un*ang$ f ! place :]e x is /or$4 ,a numb] ( poisons1 h[ev]1 und]go 9 ! organism *emical *ange ?r\gh :i* ! action ( ! poison is p>tly less5$1 r>ely increas$4 ,among su* *anges & weak5+ ( ! poison are3 oxidation1 z1 = example1 ( organic poisons into _! f9al products 7c>bonic acid1 wat]1 c471 oxidation ( b5z5e into ph5ol1 oxidation ( sulphur dioxide into sulphuric acid1 c42 r$uction 9 ! case ( metals1 p]oxides1 c42 neutralisation ( acids by alkal9e juices2 *emical union 7= in/ance1 ( aromatic comp\nds ) sulphuric acid74 ,! splitt+ up ( album9\s bodies is n ( importance 9 reg>d to indu/rial poisons4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poison+s ,al?\gh 9 indu/rial poison+ ! importance ( treatm5t is small 9 comp>ison ) t ( prev5tive measures1 9 discuss+ p>ticul> =ms ( poison+1 full weight mu/ be giv5 to x2 & 9 ord] to avoid repetition1 c]ta9 po9ts w be br\ght =w>d "h4 ,( ! treatm5t ( *ronic indu/rial poison+s n mu* 9 g5]al c be said2 un=tunately1 special treatm5t has (t5 little *ance4 ,x w usually be ( advantage to ma9ta9 ! activity ( ! excretory organs4 ,s f> z !re is "q ( poisons affect+ metabolism & injuri\sly influ5c+ ! g5]al /ate ( nutrition1 treatm5t aim+ at improv+ ! g5]al heal? & /r5g? (f]s hope ( success4 ,= n]v\s symptoms1 especially p>alysis1 di/urbance 9 s5sation1 c41 treatm5t g5]ally suitable to n]v\s diseases c be tri$ 7electro-!rapeutics1 ba?s1 c474 ,9 treatm5t ( acute indu/rial poison+s1 :i* (t5 dem& ! prompt int]v5tion ( laym51 #8fir/ aid' is m hopeful4 ,! mo/ important g5]al rules ( treatm5t arise 9 ref]5ce to irritant poisons :i* produce ulc]ation ( ! sk91 & fur!r 9 reg>d to ^? poisons :i* cause unconsci\sness1 especially blood poisons4 ,:5 an irritant poison is act+ on ! sk91 ! fir/ object to be aim$ at is naturally ! imm$iate removal ( ! cause ( corrosion by wat]1 or1 bett] /ill1 neutralisation by an alkal9e solution 7= example1 soda solution7 9 ! case ( corrosive acids1 & weak acids 7organic acids1 acetic acid1 citric acid7 9 ! case ( cau/ic action by alkalis4 ,su* rem$ies mu/ be at h& 9 factories z "p ( ! equipm5t = fir/ aid1 :]e irritant poison+s c occur4 ,9 ^? indu/rial poison+s :i* result 9 loss ( consci\sness1 arre/ ( respiration & suffocation1 attempts at resuscitation %\ld at once be made4 ,9 ^! attempts at resuscitation1 artificial respiration is ( ! greate/ importance2 ( c\rse ! suff]] mu/ fir/ be )drawn f ! influ5ce ( ! poison1 i4e4 be br\ght into fre% air4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak51 especially :]e x is necess>y to ent] places fill$ ) a poison\s atmosph]e1 to prev5t ! rescu]s1 z is (t5 ! case1 !mselves fall+ victims to ! influ5ce ( ! poison4 ,!y %\ld be provid$ ) suitable smoke helmets or brea?+ app>atus4 ,we w n describe ! me?ods ( resuscitation & artificial respiration univ]sally enjo9$2 !y c be f\nd 9 e fir/-aid h&book4 ,emphasis is laid on ! great importance ( treatm5t by oxyg5 9 cases ( indu/rial poison+ ?r\gh gase\s blood poisons1 z ?is treatm5t is att5d$ ) good results4 ,app>atus = ! adm9i/ration ( oxyg5 %\ld be kept :]ev] !re exi/s ! possibility ( su* poison+1 especially 9 m9es1 smelt+ works1 *emical factories1 & *emical laboratories4 ,oxyg5 treatm5t re/s on ! fact t by rais+ ! pressure ( ! oxyg5 f #aac mm41 z x is g5]ally 9 ord9>y air1 to #fge mm41 :i* is rea*$ 9 pres5ce ( pure oxyg51 ! quantity ( oxyg5 absorb$ 9 ! blood rises f #jc to #ah p] #ajj c4c4 ,fur!r1 ! saturation ( ! hmoglob91 ! col\r+ matt] ( ! blood1 und]goes an increase ( #bd p] c5t4 ,?is increase ( oxyg5 9 ! blood c save life 9 cases :]e ?r\gh poison+ a defici5cy ( oxyg5 has result$4 ,! introduction ( oxyg5 is done by special app>atus :i* acts ess5tially on ! pr9ciple t dur+ inhalation oxyg5 is press$ into ! lungs :i* are bel[ normal physiological pressure1 :ile exhalation is effect$ by a deflat+ arrangem5t :5 ! poison$ individual no long] brea!s ( 8 own accord4 ,:5 natural brea?+ beg9s1 ! introduction ( oxyg5 )\t special app>atus g5]ally suffices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,drg]'s ,oxyg5 ,box ,i ,oxyg5 cyl9d]2 ,a ,valve on cyl9d]2 ,b ,manomet]2 ,c ,key = op5+ & clos+ ! fl[ ( oxyg52 ,f ,economis]2 ,h ,facepiece4 ,drg]'s oxyg5 app>atus 7fig4 #cj7 consi/s ( a small oxyg5 cyl9d] provid$ ) a clos+ valve1 a small manomet]1 a s-call$ #8automatic' r$uc+ valve ) an arrangem5t = op5+ & clos+ ! oxyg5 supply1 a bag to act z a receiv] or economis]1 a brea?+ mask1 & a metal tube connect+ ! brea?+ mask ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! app>atus4 ,! oxyg5 cyl9d]1 :5 fill$1 conta9s ab\t #ahj litres ( oxyg51 & ! manomet] all[s ! manipulator to control at any "t :atev] oxyg5 x /ill conta9s4 ,! automatic arrangem5t n only r$uces ! pressure b at ! same "t controls ! supply ( oxyg54 ,?is dose is fix$ at ?ree litres ( oxyg5 p] m9ute1 s t ! app>atus ) ! same oxyg5 cyl9d] w la/ = sixty m9utes4 ,! oxyg5 is n inhal$ pure1 b is mix$ ) atmosph]ic air accord+ to ne$1 & 9 ord] to make ?is possible ! brea?+ mask is provid$ ) a small hole ?r\gh :i* atmosph]ic air f9ds entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,oxyg5 ,inhal+ ,app>atus ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,%[+ app>atus 9 use 7,siebe1 ,gorman ,co47 ,z ! oxyg5 fl[s cont9u\sly f ! cyl9d] wa/e dur+ exhalation is prev5t$ by ! economis]1 9 :i*1 dur+ exhalation1 ! infl[+ oxyg5 accumulates1 to be absorb$ aga9 9 inhalation4 ,a small relief valve 9 ! screw head ( ! bag prev5ts ! entrance into x ( exhal$ air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,drg]'s ,pulmotor 7,r4 ,jacobson7 ,ano!r oxyg5 inhal+ app>atus = resuscitat+ purposes1 t ( ,siebe1 ,gorman ,co41 is illu/rat$ 9 figs4 #ca & #cb4 ,drg] also con/ructs an app>atus call$ ! #8,pulmotor' :i* simultane\sly accompli%es ! introduction ( oxyg5 & artificial respiration4 ,inflation & deflation are effect$ by an injector driv5 by compress$ oxyg52 ?is alt]nately drives fre% air enri*$ ) oxyg5 into ! lungs & !n by suction empties !m aga94 ,:ile ) ! me*anical appliances ( resuscitation belong+ to old] sy/ems ! h& ( ! help] regulat$ ! rate ( brea?+1 9 ! case ( ! ,pulmotor ! lungs1 accord+ to _! size1 automatically fix ! rate ( brea?+2 z soon z ! lungs are fill$ ! app>atus ( its own accord m>ks ! mom5t = #8deflation1' & z soon z !y are empti$ ( #8inflation4' ,?is automatic rev]sal is effect$ by a little bell[s :i* is connect$ ) ! air tubes4 ,dur+ inflation ! same pressure is ex]t$ 9 ! bell[s z 9 ! lungs4 ,z soon z ! lungs are fill$1 ! pressure 9 ! bell[s increases & x exp&s1 its =w>d movem5t caus+ ! rev]sal to deflation4 ,:5 ! lungs are empti$ ! bell[s contracts1 & ?r\gh ?is contraction results ! rev]sal to inflation4 ,if1 9 an exceptional case1 ! brea?+ = "s reason does n act automatically1 ! h& ( ! help] c manipulate x by means ( a backw>d & =w>d movem5t ( a lev]4 ,accord+ to *oice1 ei!r a nose-mask or a mask cov]+ bo? m\? & nose c be worn4 ,comb9$ ) ! regul> app>atus = resuscitation is an ord9>y app>atus = ! inhalation ( oxyg52 by ! simple alt]+ ( a lev]1 ei!r ! "o or ! o!r c be employ$4 ,,ii4 ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,,9 ,,p>ticul> ,,indu/ries ,aft] ! =ego+ g5]al rem>ks we may n[ consid] v>i\s po9ts ( view 9 reg>d to classification ( indu/rial poison+s into gr\ps3 7#a7 ,toxicological1 bas$ on ! action ( ! poisons4 7#b7 ,*emical1 bas$ on ! *emical composition ( ! poisons4 7#c7 ,physical1 bas$ on ! v>y+ d5sity ( ! poisons4 7,division into solid 79 =m ( du/71 gase\s1 & liquid poisons47 ,to :i* may be add$3 7#d7 ,classification accord+ to ! s\rce ( ! poison+ & !re=e accord+ to indu/ry1 ^u :i* ,"p ,i is ma9ly bas$4 ,9 ?is section 7,"p ,,ii7 a sy/em is adopt$ :i* takes into consid]ation z f> z possible all ! pr9ciples ( division m5tion$ above1 9 ord] to classify indu/rial poison\s sub/ances 9 su* a mann] t g5]al practical conclusions c be cle>ly drawn1 & sup]vision r5d]$ easy4 ,,gr\p3 ,,m9]al ,,acids1 ,,halog5s1 ,,inorganic ,,halog5 ,,comp\nds1 ,,alkalis ,common to ?is gr\p is a /rong corrosive & irritant effect1 v>y+ h[ev] 9 degree2 z gases ?is gr\p corrode or inflame ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages1 & 9 liquid =m or 9 solution1 ! sk94 ,besides ?is sup]ficial effect s+le memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 especially ^? conta9+ nitrog51 produce a remote effect ^u ! blood4 ,aft] absorption ( ! acids a decrease 9 ! alkal9ity ( ! blood c take place & 9 its p[] to take up c>bonic acid1 ?us vitally affect+ ! int]*ange ( gases 9 ! body1 & produc+ symptoms ( tissue suffocation4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t 9 ! case ( acids & alkalis1 neutralisation has be5 already m5tion$2 fur!r1 oxyg5 treatm5t may be recomm5d$ 9 cases :]e ! blood has be5 injuri\sly affect$4 ,9 cases ( poison+ ?r\gh brea?+ 9 acid vap\rs1 inhalation ( extremely r>efi$ vap\r ( ammonia or ( a spray ( soda solution 7ab\t #a p] c5t47 is advisable4 ,,m9]al ,,acids ,hydro*loric ,acid 7,h,cl7 is a col\rless1 pung5tly smell+ gas :i* gives (f /rong :ite fumes4 ,exp]im5ts on animals1 c>efully c>ri$ out by ,leymann1 produc$ ! foll[+ symptoms4 ,ev5 9 a conc5tration ( #b-e p] ?\s& cl\d+ ( ! cornea ensues1 & aft] ab\t an h\r inflammation ( ! conjunctiva1 viol5t runn+ f e expos$ muc\s membrane ) m>k$ r$d5+1 & frequ5tly inflammation 7necrosis7 ( ! septum ( ! nose2 ! lungs are di/5d$ ) blood1 "h & !re hmorrhages occur 9 ! respiratory & also 9 ! dige/ive tracts4 ,! animal dies ( dema 7swell+7 ( ! lungs & hmorrhage into ! lungs if expos$ long en\gh to ! action ( ,h,cl1 ev5 ?\gh 7accord+ to ,lehmann7 !re may n be accumulation ( ,h,cl 9 ! blood2 ! *ief effect is ! irritant "o2 #ae-e p] ?\s& p>ts ,h,cl 9 ! air suffices1 aft] ?ree or f\r h\rs' exposure1 to affect small] animals 7rabbits7 s mu* t !y die dur+ ! exp]im5t or %ortly aft] x4 ,man c tol]ate an atmosph]e conta9+ #ja to #jb p] ?\s& ,h,cl2 a some:at great] proportion ( ,h,cl produces bron*ial cat>rh1 c\gh1 c4 ,! solution ( hydro*loric acid 9 wat] is ab\t #dj p] c5t4 ,simply wett+ ! sk9 ) conc5trat$ solution ( hydro*loric acid does n g5]ally h an irritant effect unless p]si/$ 9 = "s "t2 ! action ( ! acid1 :5 cont9u$1 has a m>k$ effect ^u ! muc\s membranes & ^u ! eyes4 ,! same treatm5t already recomm5d$ 9 ! introductory rem>ks on poison+ by inhalation ( acid fumes 9 g5]al applies4 ,hydr(luoric ,acid 7,h,fl71 a pung5tly smell+1 col\rless gas1 causes ev5 9 weak solutions 7#jjb p] c5t47 irritant symptoms 7cat>rh ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory organs1 la*rymation1 c474 ,/rong] solutions set up ob/9ate ulc]s1 difficult to heal1 9 ! muc\s membrane & ! sk94 ,silico-fluoric ,acid 7,h,si,fl7 produces an analog\s ?\gh some:at less m>k$ corrosive action4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t ! read] is aga9 ref]r$ to ! introductory s5t5ces on ?is gr\p4 ,sulphur ,dioxide 7,,s7 is a col\rless1 pung5tly smell+ gas :i*1 act+ 9 l[ conc5tration or = a %ort p]iod1 causes c\gh & irritation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages & ( ! eyes2 act+ = a long] p]iod1 x sets up inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane1 bron*ial cat>rh1 expectoration ( blood1 & inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,z ,ogata & ,lehmann h prov$ by exp]im5ts--"s ( !m made on man--a proportion ( #jjc-jjd p] ?\s& ( sulphur dioxide 9 ! air has a s]i\s effect on a p]son unaccu/om$ to x1 :ile workm5 us$ to ?is gas c tol]ate x easily4 ,z sulphur dioxide probably does n affect ! blood1 treatm5t by oxyg5 inhalation is useless4 ,o!rwise ! treatm5t spok5 ( z apply+ to acid poison+s 9 g5]al holds good4 ,sulphuric ,acid 7,h,,s74 ,conc5trat$ sulphuric acid occasionally spla%es into ! eye or wets ! sk91 caus+ sev]e irritation & corrosion1 unless ! liquid is quickly wa%$ (f or neutralis$4 ,if ! action ( ! acid p]si/s1 ! corrosive effect becomes deepseat$ & leads to disfigur+ sc>s4 ,nitr\s ,fumes1 ,nitric ,acid4--,nitric oxide 7,,no7 oxidises 9 ! air ) =mation ( r$ fumes compos$ ( nitrog5 trioxide 7,n,o7 & nitrog5 p]oxide 7,,no74 ,^! oxides are conta9$ 9 ! gases evolv$ f fum+ nitric acid & :]e nitric acid acts ^u metals1 organic sub/ances1 c4 ,indu/rial poison+ by nitr\s fumes is dang]\s2 un=tunately x frequ5tly occurs & (t5 runs a sev]e1 ev5 fatal1 c\rse2 sometimes num]\s work]s are poison$ simultane\sly4 ,! ma9 reason :y nitr\s fumes are s dang]\s is because _! effect1 l t ( mo/ o!r irritant gases1 is n %[n at once 9 symptoms ( irritation1 su* z c\gh1 cramp ( ! glottis1 c41 :i* w\ld at lea/ s]ve z a w>n+ to ! affect$ p]son2 on ! contr>y1 g5]ally no effect at all is felt at fir/1 especially if ! fumes are n v conc5trat$4 ,symptoms ( irritation usually appe> only aft] "s h\rs' /ay 9 ! poison\s atmosph]e4 ,by ?is "t a relatively l>ge quantity ( ! poison\s gas has be5 absorb$1 & ! remote effect on ! blood induc$4 ,! fir/ symptoms ( irritation 7c\gh1 difficulty ( brea?+1 nausea1 c47 g5]ally disappe> :5 ! affect$ p]son leaves ! *>g$ atmosph]e1 & he !n (t5 passes sev]al h\rs )\t symptoms1 relatively well4 ,lat] sev]e symptoms sup]v5e--(t5 r sudd5ly--difficulty ( brea?+1 fits ( suffocation1 cyanosis1 & copi\s fro?y blood-/a9$ expectoration ) symptoms ( inflammation ( ! bron*ial tubes & lungs4 ,^! attacks may la/ a long] or %ort] "t1 & 9 sev]e cases c lead to dea?2 slight cases end 9 recov]y1 )\t any sequel4 ,9 poison+ by nitr\s acid fumes1 oxyg5 inhalation1 if appli$ 9 "t1 und\bt$ly holds out hope ( success1 & %\ld always be tri$4 ,*lor(orm has be5 repeat$ly recomm5d$ z a rem$y4 ,probably its inhalation produces no actual curative effect1 b only an abatem5t ( ! symptoms ?r\gh ! n>cosis induc$4 ,nitric acid 7,,hno7 9 solution has an irritant corrod+ action if1 :5 conc5trat$1 x comes into contact ) ! sk9 or muc\s membrane4 ,,! ,,halog5s 7,,*lor9e1 ,,brom9e1 ,,iod9e7 ,*lor9e 7,cl7 is a yell[-gre51 pung5tly smell+ gas1 ,brom9e 7,br7 a fum+ liquid1 & ,iod9e 7,i7 =ms cry/als :i* volatilise slightly at ord9>y temp]atures4 ,accord+ to ,lehmann's exp]im5ts on animals ! effect ( *lor9e gas & brom9e fumes is completely simil>4 ,lehmann & ,b9z assume t *lor9e has a tw(old effect3 7#a7 n>cotic1 p>alys+ ! out] membrane ( ! bra91 & 7#b7 ! well-kn[n irritant action ^u ! muc\s membrane1 produc+ a g5]al cat>rh ( ! air passages1 & inflammation ( ! lungs2 x is1 h[ev]1 only ! latt] :i* causes m5ace to life4 ,o!r writ]s d n m5tion ! n>cotic effect ^u ! bra9 & assume t ! halog5s :5 br\ght into contact ) ! muc\s membrane are quickly conv]t$ into halog5 hydrides1 &1 z su*1 produce a corrosive effect4 ,accord+ to ,lehmann1 ev5 #jja p] ?\s& ,cl or ,br 9 ! air is injuri\s1 ev5 #ja p] ?\s& produces ulc]ation ( ! muc\s membrane1 & "o or two h\rs' exposure to ! poison endang]s life4 ,lehmann has fur!r te/$ 7on dogs7 acclimatisation to *lor9e1 & f9ds t aft] a mon? ! p[] ( resi/ance to *lor9e appe>s to be increas$ ab\t t5 times4 ,9 a fur!r s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! same au?or has prov$ t ev5 ! smalle/ quantities ( *lor9e pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e are completely absorb$ 9 brea?+4 ,cont9u$ or frequ5t action ( *lor9e ^u ! organism produces symptoms :i* h be5 describ$ z *ronic *lor9e poison+--su* z anmia & indige/ion1 9 addition to cat>rhal & n]v\s symptoms4 ,fur!r1 9 factories :]e *lor9e is produc$ by ! electrolytic process1 work]s 7 f\nd to be suff]+ f ! s-call$ *lor9e ra% 7fir/ obs]v$ by ,h]xheim]74 ,?is sk9 disease consi/s 9 an inflammation ( ! gl&s ( ! sk91 ) occasional developm5t ( ulc]s & sc>s4 ,sev]e cases are accompani$ by dige/ive di/urbance4 ,bettmann1 ,lehmann1 & o!rs ma9ta9 t x is n caus$ by *lor9e alone1 b by *lor9at$ t> products1 :i* are =m$ 9 ! production ( *lor9e & hydro*loric acid4 ,9 acute cases ( *lor9e poison+ oxyg5 treatm5t %\ld be tri$1 b 9 any case ! pati5t %\ld h free access to pure air4 ,approv$ rem$ies are inhalation ( soda spray or v dilute ammonia1 or ( a vap\ris$ solution ( sodium hypo*lorite4 ,if ! pati5t is 9 great pa91 he may be all[$ to inhale coca9e solution 7#jb p] c5t474 ,! adm9i/ration ( ars5ic 7solutio ars5icalis7 is recomm5d$1 especially 9 cases ( acne4 ,9 g5]al ! usual treatm5t = diseases ( ! sk9 is foll[$2 salicylic acid lotions1 sulphur ba?s1 & sulphur o9tm5ts may be made use (4 ,*lorides4--,*lorides ( ,phosphorus1 ,phosphorus-tri*loride 7,p,cl71 & ,phosphorus oxy*loride 7,p,o,cl71 are /rong-smell+ liquids1 fum+ 9 ! air1 & :5 br\ght into contact ) wat] decompos+ into phosphor\s acid & hydro*loric acid4 ,^! halog5 comp\nds ( phosphorus h a viol5tly irritant action ^u ! respiratory organs & ! eyes1 9 t !y decompose on ! muc\s membrane into hydro*loric acid & an oxyacid ( phosphorus4 ,inhalation ( ! fumes ( ^! comp\nds causes c\gh1 difficulty ( brea?+1 inflammation ( ! respiratory passages1 & blood-/a9$ expectoration4 ,treatm5t is simil> to t = acid poison+ 9 g5]al & hydro*loric acid 9 p>ticul>4 ,simil> to t ( ! *lorides ( phosphorus is ! action ( *lorides ( sulphur1 ( :i* sulphur mono*loride 7,s,cl7 is ( indu/rial hygi5ic importance z x is employ$ 9 ! vulcanis+ ( indi>ubb]4 ,x is a br[n1 oily1 fum+ liquid1 :i*1 mix$ ) wat] or ev5 9 damp air1 decomposes into sulphur dioxide & hydro*loric acid4 ,! fumes ( sulphur mono*loride h !re=e a m>k$ irritant effect1 l t ( hydro*loric acid & sulphur dioxide4 ,! action ( sulphur *loride 0 ?or\ghly /udi$ by ,lehmann4 ,indu/rial poison+ by sulphur *loride is m5tion$ by ,leymann & also 9 ! reports ( ! ,prussian factory inspectors = #ahig4 ,! latt] case end$ fatally ow+ to ! ignorance ( ! w\ld-be rescu]s3 a workman _h spilt tri*loride ( phosphorus ^u 8 clo!s1 & ! by-/&]s1 n kn[+ its dang]\s action :5 comb9$ ) wat]1 p\r$ wat] on him4 ,treatm5t is simil> to t ( poison+ f hydro*loric acid or sulphur dioxide4 ,*loride ( z9c 7z9c *loride1 ,zn,cl7 likewise has corrod+ & irritant action ^u ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory organs4 ,,ammonia ,ammonia 7,,nh7 is a col\rless1 pung5t-smell+ gas :i* dissolves to ! ext5t ( ab\t #cc p] c5t4 9 wat]4 ,inhal$1 x fir/ produces viol5t reflex c\gh+1 !n irritation & corrosion ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory organs1 & f9ally dea? ?r\gh suffocation 7spasm ( ! glottis7 if exposure to its action has la/$ a suffici5tly long "t4 ,microscopic sections exhibit a diph!ritic appe>ance ( ! muc\s membrane1 & inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,! effects ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em 7irritation ( ! m$ulla & sp9al cord7 :i* are peculi> to ammonia comp\nds ne$ n be consid]$1 z ! corrosion ( ! respiratory passage is suffici5t alone to cause dea?4 ,:5 ! action ( ! gas is less int5se1 ! pati5t rallies f ! fir/ /age1 b (t5 sev]e symptoms come on lat] affect+ ! lungs4 ,lehmann 9 exp]im5ts ^u himself c\ld tol]ate z mu* z #jcc p] ?\s& ,,nh = ?irty m9utes2 he f\nd 9 gas works 7) fairly m>k$ od\r7 h>dly m ?an #ja p] ?\s& ,,nh 9 ! atmosph]e1 & consid]s #je p] ?\s& di/9ct evid5ce ( excess4 ,he f\nd t he c\ld produce 9 dogs acclimatisation up to #aj p] ?\s& ,,nh 7five times z mu* z c\ld at fir/ be borne74 ,ab\t #hh p] c5t4 ( ! ammonia conta9$ 9 ! air is absorb$ 9 brea?+2 ammonia is said to ex]cise also a r$uc+ action ^u ! oxyg5 ( ! blood 7oxyhmoglob974 ,*ronic poison+ by ammonia c h>dly be said to occur4 ,9 ^? :o clean out sew]s & dra9s1 ! inflammation ( ! eyes & dige/ive di/urbance attribut$ p>tly to ammonia are probably due m to ! action ( sulphur comp\nds--ammonium sulphide & sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,irritation due to solution ( ammonia does n come into acc\nt 9 indu/rial employm5t4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t1 fre% air or adm9i/ration ( oxyg5 is mo/ likely to be successful4 ,inhalation also ( v dilute acetic acid vap\r1 /eam1 or spray ( sodium c>bonate is advocat$4 ,,alkalis ,! alkal9e hydroxides 7potassium & sodium hydroxide1 ,,koh1 ,na,o,h7 h an album5-dissolv+ & !re=e cau/ic effect4 ,indu/rially x occurs 9 ! cau/ic action ( conc5trat$ 7(t5 hot7 lyes ^u ! sk9 or ^u ! eye--?r\gh spla%+4 ,quicklime 7,ca,o7 has also a cau/ic action1 produc+ inflammation ( ! sk9 or eyes 7especially 9 ^? engag$ 9 ! prep>ation ( mort>74 ,"u ?is head comes also ! effect ^u ! respiratory passages--describ$ by sev]al au?ors--caus$ 9 ! production ( artificial manure discuss$ at l5g? 9 ,"p ,i4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t ( ! irritant effect ( alkalis1 :at has be5 said z to corrosives 9 g5]al applies "h 7r9s+ ) wat] or weak organic acids71 & 9 inflammation ( ! eye caus$ by lime a drop ( ca/or oil is recomm5d$4 ,,gr\p3 ,,metals ,,& ,,metal-,,comp\nds ,! v>i\s sub/ances ( ?is gr\p diff] m>k$ly 9 _! action4 ,"u ?is head+ come pr9cipally *ronic metal poison+s1 *>act]is$ by a g5]al1 (t5 v int5se1 di/urbance ( nutrition1 :i* ju/ifies _! del9eation z #8metabolic poisons'2 among ^! poisons also are includ$ c]ta9 o!rs :i* produce *ronic poison+ accompani$ by sev]e di/urbance ( ! p]iph]al & c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,! corrosive action common to ! metal oxides 7:5 act+ 9 a conc5trat$ condition71 attributable to ! =mation ( insoluble album9ates1 ne$ n1 9 indu/rial poison+1 be tak5 s mu* into acc\nt4 ,! corrosive effect is *>act]i/ic only ( ! comp\nds1 especially ( ! acid salts ( *romium1 :i*1 z an acid-=m+ elem5t1 may be class$ 9 ! prec$+ gr\p4 ,di/urbance ( heal? 9 workm5 h&l+ nickel comp\nds are also ascrib$ to ! corrosive action ( ^! sub/ances4 ,,lead1 ,,lead ,,comp\nds ,lead poison+ is ! mo/ frequ5t & important *ronic indu/rial poison+2 ! symptoms are v v>i$ & associat$ ) ! mo/ diff]5t gr\ps ( organs4 ,we %all describe ! typical c\rse ( a case ( indu/rial lead poison+1 lay+ /ress1 h[ev]1 on ! fact t num]\s cases foll[ an irregul> c\rse1 9 t special symptoms or complications ( symptoms are 9 "s especially acc5tuat$1 :ile 9 o!rs !y become less m>k$ or are abs5t altoge!r4 ,a premonitory indication ( *ronic lead poison+ is a blue l9e on ! gum1 indicat$ by a slate gray or blui% black edg+ to ! tee?1 ! appe>ance ( :i* is usually accompani$ by an unpleasant sweeti% ta/e 9 ! m\?4 ,! cause ( ?is blue l9e 0 = "s "t disput$4 ,x is obvi\sly due to ! =mation & deposit ( sulphide ( lead ?r\gh ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 aris+ f decomposition 9 ! m\? cavity4 ,at ! same "t a g5]al feel+ ( malaise & weakness (t5 comes on1 occasionally accompani$ by tremor ( ! muscles & dis9cl9ation = food1 at :i* /age ! suff]] consults ! doctor4 ,frequ5tly he compla9s also ( pa9s 9 ! /oma*1 n difficult to di/+ui% f ! lead colic to be describ$ lat]4 ,usually ! pati5t already exhibits at ?is /age g5]al emaciation & m>k$ pallor4 ,! blue l9e 0 =m]ly consid]$ a *>act]i/ic e>ly indication ( lead poison+2 b x has n[ be5 prov$ t occasionally x is abs5t ev5 9 sev]e attacks4 ,b al?\gh ! blue l9e may fail z an #8initial symptom1' x w nev]!less be a valuable aid to ! practition] 9 ! recognition ( lead poison+4 ,x is wor? :ile to m5tion ! fact t o!r metallic poisons produce a v simil> #8l9e1' especially m]cury1 also iron & silv] 7z 9 ! case ( argyria72 x has be5 /at$ t ! blue l9e c be simulat$ by p>ticles ( *>coal on ! gum4 ,! pallor ( ! pati5t at ! comm5cem5t ( lead poison+ drew att5tion to ! condition ( ! blood4 ,! dim9ution 9 ! am\nt ( hmoglob9 (t5 met )1 :i* "u c]ta9 circum/ances is accompani$ by dim9ution ( ! r$ blood cells1 (f]s no?+ *>act]i/ic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 /ructural *anges 9 ! r$ blood cells--pres5ce ( basophil granules 9 !m--are ass]t$ by a numb] ( writ]s to be *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ /ages ( lead poison+4 ,! basophil granules are believ$ to be due to reg5]ative *anges 9 ! nucleus4 ,b ^! *anges are also f\nd 9 p]nici\s anmia1 canc]1 leucmia1 anmia1 tub]culosis1 c42 also 9 a numb] ( poison+s su* z ph5ylhydraz9e1 d9itrob5z5e1 corrosive sublimate1 & o!rs2 !y are !re=e ! less *>act]i/ic ( *ronic lead poison+1 z occasionally !y _c be f\nd 9 actual lead poison+1 a po9t ^u :i* ,i h conv9c$ myself 9 ! case bo? ( m5 & animals4 ,/ill1 ! appe>ance ( mu* basophilia 9 ! r$ blood cells is a valuable aid to diagnosis1 especially z ! me?od ( /a9+ to demon/rate !m is simple4 ,o!r anomalies ( ! blood obs]v$ 9 lead poison+ may "h be m5tion$4 ,glib]t f\nd a /rik+ dim9ution 9 ! ela/icity ( ! r$ blood corpuscles1 & exp]im5ts ,i h made po9t to ! fact t ! p[] ( resi/ance ( ! r$ blood corpuscles to *emically act+ hmolytic ag5ts1 su* z dec9ormal soda solution1 is consid]ably r$uc$4 ,! pulse is g5]ally h>d & ( high t5sion1 especially dur+ ! attacks ( colic4 ,fur!r1 cramp ( ! bloodvessels 7also 9 ! ret9al art]ies7 has be5 obs]v$4 ,to ^! functional di/urbances 9 ! circulation are add$ sometimes def9ite *anges 9 ! vessel wall4 ,lat]1 oblit]ative art]itis comes on 79 ! bra9 art]ies71 & art]ioscl]osis4 ,! mo/ important symptom ( fully develop$ lead poison+ is colic1 :i* is usually prec$$ by ! initial symptoms describ$ 7especially ! ga/ric symptoms71 b n always s1 z occasionally colic sets 9 )\t any w>n+4 ,! colic pa9s (t5 set 9 ) m>k$ vehem5ce4 ,!y radiate f ! navel on all sides1 ev5 ?r\gh ! :ole body2 ! abdom5 is contract$ & z h>d z a bo>d4 ,pressure on ! l[] "p dim9i%es ! pa9 some:at1 s t ! suff]] (t5 involunt>ily lies flat on 8 /oma*4 ,dur+ ! attack ! pulse is (t5 rem>kably sl[4 ,con/ipation occurs1 & (t5 does n yield to purgatives4 ,! attacks la/ sometimes = h\rs1 occasionally = days1 or ! pa9s c 7) remissions7 ev5 di/ress ! pati5t = weeks4 ,! frequ5cy ( attacks is also v v>iable4 ,occasionally "o attack foll[s ano!r1 (t5 !re are int]vals ( weeks1 ev5 ye>s1 accord+ to ! sev]ity ( ! poison+ & duration ( exposure4 ,if ! pati5t is remov$ f ! injuri\s action ( lead1 z a rule recov]y soon ensues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,p>alysis ( ! ,uln> ,n]ve 9 ,lead ,poison+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd;,a4--,diff]5t ,types ( ,p>alysis ( ! ,radial ,n]ve 9 ,hung>ian ,pott]s poison$ by ,lead 7aft] ,*yz]7 ,(t5 ) ! colic1 or at any rate %ortly aft] x1 appe> lead tremor & ar?ralgia1 p>oxysmal pa9 mo/ly affect+ ! jo9ts1 b occasionally also ! muscles & bones4 ,!y are (t5 ! precursor ( sev]e n]v\s symptoms :i* affect ! p]iph]al & c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 a lead poison+ case runn+ a typical c\rse ! pr$om9ant feature is ! p]iph]al motor p>alysis ( ! ext5sors ( ! =e>ms4 ,next ! muscles suppli$ by ! radial & uln> n]ves are affect$4 ,(t5 ! progress ( ! p>alysis is typical2 x beg9s ) p>alysis ( ! ext5sor digitorum communis1 passes on to ! rema9+ ext5sors1 !n to ! abductor muscles ( ! h&2 ! sup9ator longus & triceps escape4 ,sometimes ! %\ld] muscles are attack$2 also p>alysis 9 ! region suppli$ by ! facial n]ve & ( ! l[] extremities is obs]v$4 ,x appe>s plausible t ov]/ra9 ( s+le gr\ps ( muscles plays a decisive "p2 ?is seems prov$ by ! fact t p>alysis fir/ affects1 among "r-h&$ p1 ! "r h& 7especially ( pa9t]s71 b 9 ! case ( left-h&$1 ! left h&2 & among *ildr5 ! l[] extremities are (t5 attack$ fir/4 ,di/urbance ( sight increas+ to amaurosis is (t5 an indication ( sev]e bra9 symptoms4 ,! view ( "s writ]s t ! cause ( ! sight di/urbance lies 9 vasomotor influ5ces 7cramp ( ! bloodvessels7 is v probable1 & supports ! view t ! bra9 symptoms are entirely due to diseases ( ! art]ies 7art]itis74 ,^! symptoms are di/+ui%$ by ! collective "n ( saturn9e encephalopa?y2 !y include apoplexy1 hemiplegia1 epilepsy1 delirium1 & mania4 ,! bra9 symptoms may cause dea?4 ,z lat] symptoms ( lead poison+ may be m5tion$ lead g\t & kidney disease 7lead nephritis74 ,! g5esis ( bo? ^! diseases is mu* disput$4 ,x seems to be prov$ t ! g\t is true g\t 7) pres5ce ( tophi7 & t ! contract$ kidney is indi/+ui%able f ord9>y *ronic ,bright's disease4 ,! kidney symptoms sugge/ t a regul> excretion ( lead ?r\gh ! ur9e takes place :i*1 if x 7 a fact1 w\ld h be5 an important aid to diagnosis4 ,b (t5 analysis ( ur9e = pres5ce ( lead is negative4 ,excretion ( lead by ! sk9 is sc>cely to be cr$it$1 al?\gh occasionally affirm$4 ,elim9ation ( lead is effect$ ma9ly ?r\gh ! inte/9es 7probably = ! mo/ "p z sulphide ( lead74 ,all lead comp\nds m or less are to be reg>d$ z poison\s1 al?\gh ! int5sity ( ! action dep5ds on ! am\nt absorb$4 ,= ?is its solubility 9 wat] or 9 weak acids 7hydro*loric acid ( ! ga/ric juice7 is ! simple/ te/4 ,accord+ to ?is acetate ( lead1 lead *loride1 c>bonate ( lead 7:ite lead71 oxide ( lead 7lead dross71 m9ium 7r$ oxide ( lead7 are relatively ! mo/ poison\s4 ,lead sulphate & lead iodide are to be reg>d$ z relatively less poison\s1 al?\gh by no means innocu\s4 ,! lea/ poison\s1 if n altoge!r innocu\s1 is sulphide ( lead1 because x is an insoluble lead comp\nd4 ,treatm5t ( lead poison+ ought to aim fir/ & =emo/ at ! elim9ation ( lead f ! body4 ,b un=tunately su* attempts h _h little success4 ,treatm5t ( symptoms is all t = ! mo/ "p is possible4 ,adm9i/ration ( iodide ( potassium to assi/ ! excretion ( lead has n be5 f\nd ! success :i* _m anticipat$4 ,?is rem$y h[ev]1 c be tri$2 bett] results are to be expect$ f c>eful regulation ( ! b[els by means ( purgatives4 ,dur+ colic adm9i/ration ( opium or morphia may be advisable to relieve pa9 & ov]come ! probable cramp ( ! inte/9al muscles4 ,! cauti\s adm9i/ration ( atrop9e 7occasionally ) coca9e7 also s]ves ! same purpose4 ,hot compresses & mu/>d pla/]s may be appli$1 & liquid diet %\ld be giv54 ,lead ca*exia mu/ be treat$ by /r5g!n+ diet4 ,electrical treatm5t = lead p>alysis is advocat$4 ,f ba?s 7sulphur ba?s7 no?+ m is to be expect$ ?an a brac+ effect--elim9ation ( lead ?r\gh increas$ diaphoresis is h>dly to be hop$ =4 ,,z9c 7,,z9c ,,alloys7 ,z9c 7,zn7 melts at #dab ,c4 & di/ills at ab\t #ijj ,c42 expos$ to ! air x burns1 :5 heat$1 into z9c oxide4 ,old] writ]s1 :5 inve/igat+ ga/ric & inte/9al diseases & affections ( ! n]v\s sy/em obs]v$ 9 z9c smelt]s1 reg>d$ !m z ! result ( *ronic z9c poison+2 b x may n[ be accept$ z c]ta9 t ^! symptoms are due to ! lead always pres5t 9 ! z9c4 ,on ! o!r h& s-call$ brass-f\nd]s' ague may be reg>d$ z a =m ( acute indu/rial z9c poison+4 ,brass-f\nd]s' ague occurs exclusively 9 brass ca/]s1 & n 9 z9c work]s4 ,sigel & ,lehmann h %[n t f\nd]s' ague is also caus$ by pure z9c if ?is is heat$ s /rongly t x burns4 ,premonitory symptoms (t5 occur be=e ! onset ( ! disease2 usually !y appe> e>ly1 soon aft] ca/+ has begun4 ,! workman has g5]al malaise accompani$ by slight c\gh1 nausea1 ?roat irritation1 c41 b ^! symptoms mo/ly disappe>1 return+ aga9 aft] a few h\rs ) r5ew$ viol5ce1 (t5 9 ! ev5+ be=e go+ to b$4 ,frequ5tly1 trembl+ sets 9 r sudd5ly1 (t5 accompani$ by heada*e1 nausea1 & muscul> pa9s1 & soon develops into a pron\nc$ %iv]+ fit1 la/+ g5]ally ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 b 9 sev]e cases = sev]al h\rs 7) int]vals74 ,at ! same "t ! brea?+ is hurri$ & ! he>t's action quick5$ 7a/hma & palpitation74 ,(t5 ! temp]ature rises z high z #ajd ,f4 ,! attack ends ) pr(use p]spiration1 & ! pati5t s9ks exhau/$ to sleep1 awak+ 9 ! morn+ g5]ally q re/or$ or ) b slight signs ( fatigue2 only r>ely is he unable to resume "w4 ,x is notewor?y t "s workm5 are extraord9>ily susceptible to brass-f\nd]s' ague1 & are attack$ aga9 & aga91 :ile o!rs rema9 completely immune1 s t idiosyncrasy & immunity bo? play a "p4 ,workm5 :o are susceptible to ! disease1 yet )\t m>k$ disposition 7idiosyncrasy7 t[>ds x1 c become acclimatis$ to ! poison4 ,lehmann has succe$$ 9 artificially produc+ an attack 9 a brass-ca/] :o 0 highly susceptible4 ,! symptoms 9 him 7 ! result ( "w ) pure z9c 9 a burn+ condition4 ,! pro(1 !re=e1 is cle> t brass-f\nd]s' ague is due to z9c1 & n1 z "s au?ors h suppos$1 to copp] or ! simultane\s action ( bo? metals4 ,! symptoms are produc$ ?r\gh inhalation ( z9c oxide1 n z9c fumes4 ,lehmann conjectures t brass-f\nd]s' ague may be a second>y fev] due to absorption into ! sy/em ( ! rema9s ( cells 9 ! respiratory tract t h be5 kill$ by ! action ( ! z9c4 ,! treatm5t c only be symptomatic2 z ! attack is s transi5t1 m$ical att5dance is h>dly necess>y4 ,,m]cury1 ,,m]cury ,,comp\nds ,m]cury 7,hg71 on acc\nt ( its volatility1 is class$ among indu/rial poisons4 ,al?\gh boil+ at #cfj ,c4 x is volatile ev5 at ord9>y temp]ature4 ,indu/rial m]curial poison+ is caus$ by ! frequ5t inhalation ( small quantities ( vap\r1 sometimes1 b m r>ely1 ( du/ conta9+ m]cury1 & assumes usually a *ronic =m4 ,indu/rial m]curial poison+ (t5 beg9s ) inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! m\? & gums4 ,!re is increas$ fl[ ( saliva1 a disagreeable metallic ta/e 9 ! m\?1 & f\l brea?4 ,?is may be limit$ to a simple inflammation ( ! gum1 or g on to ulc]ation ) fall+ out ( tee?1 or ev5 to gangr5e ( ! gum & muc\s membrane inside ! m\?4 ,ga/ric attacks also occur 9 ! e>ly /ages2 occasionally1 h[ev]1 !y are abs5t4 ,! ma9 symptoms ( *ronic m]curial poison+ are n]v\s & psy*ical d]angem5t1 to :i* 9 sev]e cases are add$ g5]al di/urbance ( dige/ion & loss ( /r5g?4 ,sometimes1 aft] repeat$ attacks1 m or less sev]e1 a ca*ectic condition is induc$1 %[+ itself 9 g5]al emaciation1 decrease ( /r5g?1 atrophy ( ! muscles1 anmia1 & di/urb$ dige/ion1 :i*--(t5 int5sifi$ by "s int]curr5t disease1 su* z tub]culosis--lead to dea?4 ,slight cases ( m]curialism recov]1 leav+ no evil results1 if ! pati5t is remov$ 9 "t f ! influ5ce ( ! poison4 ,! treatm5t ( *ronic m]cury poison+ is symptomatic4 ,to allay ! inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! m\? ! pati5t %\ld use a m\? wa% ( potassium *lorate & p]oxide ( hydrog52 ! g5]al condition %\ld be rais$ by /r5g!n+1 un/imulat+ food2 = ! n]v\s symptoms ba?s & electricity %\ld be tri$2 & = v m>k$ ery?ism & tremor rec\rse to n>cotics may be necess>y4 ,indu/rial m]curial poison+ is produc$ n only by metallic m]cury b also by _m comp\nds1 ( :i* indu/rially ! oxides are ! mo/ important4 ,nitrate ( m]cury 7,hg7,,no77 comes into acc\nt 9 ! treatm5t ( fur4 ,m]cury cyanide 7,hg,cy7 des]ves m5tion1 z small quantities cause m]curial & l>ge quantities cyanog5 poison+4 ,,manganese1 ,,manganese ,,comp\nds ,manganese 7,mn7 or manganese comp\nds are us$ indu/rially 9 f9e p[d]2 cont9u\s absorption ( du/ conta9+ manganese produces *ronic manganese poison+4 ,in/ances ( su* poison+ are n v num]\s2 altoge!r ab\t tw5ty cases h be5 describ$4 ,rec5t publications agree 9 ass]t+ t only ! du/ ri* 9 manganese protoxide is dang]\s4 ,indu/rial manganese poison+ runs its c\rse extraord9>ily sl[ly1 & resembles *ronic poison+ by o!r heavy metals1 su* z lead & m]cury1 9 t n]v\s & psy*ical symptoms1 r ?an dige/ive1 are prom95t4 ,sometimes--b n always--! disease is introduc$ or accompani$ by psy*ical symptoms1 bo? ( excitem5t & depression 7hil>ity1 laugh+1 or depression & weep+74 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! disease n]v\s di/urbances arise1 deafness1 t+l+1 p>alysis & p>/hesia1 9 ! arms & legs1 gidd9ess1 difficulty ( walk+1 tremor1 increas$ knee-j]ks & difficulty 9 spee*4 ,(t5 at ! same "t swell+ ( ! l[] extremities 7dema7 & loss ( /r5g? 7ca*exia1 m>asmus7 come on4 ,slight cases make a good recov]y4 ,an int]e/+ case ( illness is describ$ by ,jaks* z manganophobia1 9 :i* ! symptoms 7 simulat$1 & 7 br\ght on solely by ! fe> ( manganese poison+4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t1 electricity1 massage1 & ba?s are advocat$ to allay ! n]v\s symptoms1 z 9 ! case ( *ronic metal poison+ & suitable /r5g!n+ food4 ,,*romium1 ,,*rome ,,comp\nds ,*romium trioxide 7,cr,o7 dissolves 9 wat]1 =m+ *romic acid 7,h,cr,o72 ( ! salts ( *romic acid ! neutral & acid alkal9e salts conc]n our inquiry4 ,^! are normal & acid sodium or potassium *romate 7,k,cr,o & ,k,cr,o74 ,*romate ( lead 7,pb,cr,o7 c cause lead poison+4 ,poison+ c be produc$ by du/ & by alkal9e *romates1 ! latt]1 :5 hot1 giv+ (f /eam :i*1 z has be5 prov$1 conta9s excessively f9e *rome p>ticles4 ,*rome comp\nds attack especially ! surface ( ! body1 ! sk9 & ! muc\s membrane4 ,! bi*romate & *romate du/ produce ulc]s :]e slight injuries to ! sk9 already exi/4 ,! ulc]s develop sl[ly1 & h a smoo?1 heap$-up1 und]m9$ edge2 deep-seat$1 !y c ev5 pi]ce to ! bone2 !y heal ) great difficulty4 ,naturally !y occur mo/ frequ5tly on ! uncov]$ p>ts ( ! body1 especially on ! arms & h&s4 ,*>act]i/ic also is an analog\s ulc]ation attack+ ! muc\s membrane ( ! nose1 f :i* h>dly any *rome work] 7especially if br\ght into contact ) *romate du/7 is free4 ,p]=ation & de/ruction ( ! c>tilag9\s septum ( ! nose is v common4 ,ulc]s on ! muc\s membrane at ! entrance ( ! ?roat 7on tonsils & palate or 9 ! l>ynx7 h be5 occasionally obs]v$4 ,absorption ( small quantities ( *rome comp\nds into ! body are said to cause di/urbances ( dige/ion ( an inflammatory "*1 & especially inflammation ( ! kidneys4 ,! treatm5t ( *rome ulc]s is simil> to t ( o!r *ronic ulc]s4 ,an antidote = indu/rial *rome poison+ is n kn[n4 ,,o!r ,,metals ,,& ,,metal ,,comp\nds ,nickel ,salts4--,( late ye>s 9 nickel-plat+ e/abli%m5ts an eczemat\s inflammation ( ! sk9 has be5 describ$ affect+ fir/ ( all ! h&s1 & occasionally spread+ ov] ! arms & ev5 ! :ole body4 ,! sk9 becomes inflam$1 & vesicles appe> on ! affect$ "p4 ,"s p]sons are extraord9>ily susceptible to ?is disease1 o!rs only become s aft] hav+ work$ = ye>s q unaffect$1 & are !n oblig$ to give up _! occupation4 ,probably ! action ( nickel salts 7especially nickel sulphate7 us$ 9 electrolytic ba?s causes ! disease4 ,b x 0 9 fact trac$ by sev]al writ]s to contact ) b5z5e1 petroleum1 & lime by ! workm54 ,! simultane\s action ( ^! sub/ances ^u ! sk9 w\ld no d\bt enc\rage its appe>ance4 ,! application to ! sk9 ( vasel9e or cream is recomm5d$4 ,c>eful cleanl9ess & att5tion to ! sk9 is on ! :ole by f> ! mo/ reliable protection4 ,nickel c>bonyl 7,ni7,,co774--,mond1 ,lang]1 & ,qu9cke 9 #ahij discov]$ t1 on pass+ a curr5t ( c>bon monoxide ov] f9ely divid$ 7pyrophoric7 metallic nickel1 a gase\s comp\nd ( nickel & c>bon monoxide 0 =m$4 ,:5 heat$ to #aej ,c4 ! gas decomposes into its con/itu5ts & metallic nickel is deposit$4 ,nickel c>bonyl is a cle>1 pale /raw-col\r$ liquid1 volatilis+ at room temp]ature4 ,x has a peculi> soot-l smell detectable :5 pres5t to ! ext5t ( ab\t #a vol4 9 #b1jjj1jjj1 :ile ! ,buns5 flame becomes lum9\s :5 nickel c>bonyl is pres5t 9 ! air to ! ext5t ( #a vol4 9 #djj1jjj--two facts ( great importance 9 detect+ escape ( ! gas 9 ! manufacture ( pure nickel by ! ,mond process4 ,occurr5ce ( poison+ by nickel c>bonyl4--,at ! fir/ introduction ( ! process ab\t #aijb1 be=e ! dang]\s prop]ties ( ! gas _h be5 suffici5tly recognis$1 "s tw5ty-five m5 7 poison$1 ( :om ?ree di$4 ,poison+ only occurr$ :51 z a result ( ! breakd[n ( ! automatic work+ ( ! plant1 h& lab\r took ! place ( ma*9]y4 ,?is v r>e =m ( poison+ has be5 v fully inve/igat$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,armit 7,j\rn4 ( ,hygi5e1 #aijg1 p4 #ebf1 & #aijh1 p4 #efe74 ,! symptoms 9 man1 he says1 7 transi5t heada*e & gidd9ess & at times dyspna1 quickly pass+ (f on removal to fre% air4 ,aft] f twelve to ?irty-six h\rs ! dyspna return$1 cyanosis appe>$1 & ! temp]ature began to be rais$4 ,c\gh ) m or less blood-/a9$ sputum appe>$ on ! second day4 ,! pulse rate became increas$1 b n 9 proportion to ! respiratory rate4 ,! he>t rema9$ normal4 ,delirium ( v>y+ types frequ5tly occurr$4 ,dea? took place 9 ! fatal cases betwe5 ! f\r? & elev5? days4 ,! *ief *anges f\nd po/ mortem 7 hmorrhages 9 ! lungs1 dema ( ! lungs1 & hmorrhages 9 ! :ite matt] ( ! bra91 :ile "s d\bt exi/s z to :e!r any blood *anges 7 pres5t4 ,precisely analog\s results 7 f\nd 9 exp]im5ts on animals 7rabbits1 cats1 & dogs74 ,! po9ts ,armit inve/igat$ exp]im5tally 7 7#a7 ,is ! c>bon monoxide ( ! comp\nd :olly or p>tly responsible = ! symptoms1 or 7#b71 is nickel c>bonyl absorb$ z su*1 or 7#c71 is x ! nickel ( ! comp\nd :i* produces ! symptoms8 ,8 conclusions are t ! poison\s effects ( nickel c>bonyl are entirely due to ! nickel ( ! comp\nd4 ,! peculi> toxicity is due to ! fact t1 be+ introduc$ 9 a gase\s =m1 ! nickel is deposit$ z a slightly soluble comp\nd 9 a v f9e /ate ( subdivision ov] ! imm5se area ( ! respiratory surface4 ,nickel c>bonyl :5 mix$ ) air _c be absorb$ z su* by an animal z x becomes split up into ! nickel conta9+ sub/ance 7possibly hydrat$ basic c>bonate ( nickel7 & c>bon monoxide be=e or soon aft] rea*+ ! alveoli ( ! lungs4 ,! nickel is dissolv$ f ! respiratory surface by ! tissue fluids & is !n tak5 up by ! blood4 ,! hmorrhages f\nd aft] dea? foll[ z ! result ( fatty deg5]ation ( ! vessel walls :i* is ! specific pa?ological *ange set up by nickel4 ,copp]4--,symptoms :i* h be5 describ$ by "s writ]s z *ronic indu/rial copp] poison+ are probably due to admixtures ( o!r poison\s metals1 especially lead & ars5ic4 ,al?\gh "s copp] work]s1 especially ^? c>eless ( cleanl9ess1 exhibit hair & tee? col\r$ by ! action ( copp] comp\nds 7gre5 t+e on hair & edge ( tee?71 symptoms ( illness traceable to copp] are n demon/rable4 ,brass-f\nd]s' fev]1 :i* by "s e>li] writ]s 0 ascrib$ to copp] or comb9$ copp] & z9c action1 is traceable to z9c 7see ,z9c74 ,f]ro-silicon4--,! illnesses due to ?is are phosphorett$ or ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+ 7see pp4 #aia & #aig74 ,silv] & ,silv] ,comp\nds4--,gradual absorption ( small quantities ( a solution ( silv] may produce indu/rial argyria1 (t5 beg9n+ ) ! appe>ance ( a black edge to ! gums & d>k5+ ( ! hair & nails1 foll[$ by black spots on ! sk9 :i* 9 sev]e cases coalesce1 s t ! :ole or almo/ ! :ole surface ( ! body becomes black & glossy4 ,argyria is due to ! absorption ( silv] comp\nds into ! circulation1 & subsequ5t deposition ( ! r$uc$ silv] 9 ! body 7liv]1 kidneys1 sp9al cord1 c474 ,! black col\r+ ( ! sk9 is caus$ by ! action ( light4 ,no int]f]5ce ) heal? wor? m5tion+ is obs]v$4 ,,gr\p3 ,,ars5ic1 ,,phosphorus ,! poisons 7gradually absorb$7 belong+ to ?is gr\p are ma9ly su* z affect metabolism2 !y impair ! processes ess5tial to metabolism 79 especial ! oxidation processes7 & cause sev]e damage to ! cells1 ?r\gh de/ruction ( album54 ,! poisons ( ?is gr\p also h a p>alys+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,g5]ally speak+ ! effects produc$ by ! poisons ( ?is gr\p v>y consid]ably4 ,among ! ars5ic comp\nds ars5iurett$ hydrog51 :i* is supremely a blood poison1 mu/ be exclud$ f ! gr\p & includ$ among ! blood poisons4 ,,ars5ic1 ,,oxides ,,( ,,ars5ic ,pure metallic ars5ic 7,z7 is consid]$ innocu\s4 ,oxides ( ars5ic especially are held to be indu/rial poisons su* z ars5ic trioxide 7,z,o71 ! anhydride ( ars5i\s acid 7,h,as,o71 a :ite p[d]1 :i* is kn[n "u ! "n ( :ite ars5ic2 ars5ic acid 7,h,as,o71 :i* =ms cry/als easily soluble 9 wat]1 & ! salts ( ^! acids1 especially copp] ars5ite1 =m]ly employ$ 9 ! production ( dyes1 & also ars5ic *loride 7ars5ic tri*loride1 ,as,cl74 ,ars5iurett$ hydrog5 w be treat$ sep>ately z x has a completely diff]5t poison\s effect f t ( ! oxidic comp\nds ( ars5ic4 ,ars5ic sulphides 7realg>1 ,as,s1 & orpim5t1 ,as,s7 are reg>d$ z innocu\s 9 consequ5ce ( _! insolubility 9 a pure /ate4 ,b x may be rem>k$ t ars5ic sulphides 7sulphur ars5ic ores7 :i* are us$ indu/rially1 & ev5 metallic ars5ic1 are to be consid]$ poison\s1 z !y conta9 oxidic ars5ic comp\nds 9 great quantity4 ,*ronic ars5ical poison+ is caus$ by gradual absorption ?r\gh ! respiratory or dige/ive tracts ( small quantities ( ! oxidic ars5ic comp\nds ei!r 9 solution or z du/ or fumes4 ,! disease usually beg9s ) dige/ive d]angem5t :i* %[s itself 9 m or less sev]e ga/ric & inte/9al cat>rh 7loss ( appetite1 vomit+ & di>rha72 sometimes !re are sev]e affections ( ! respiratory tract1--ph>yngeal & bron*ial cat>rhs2 (t5 ! illness is accompani$ by sk9 affections ( v>i\s k9ds1 ra%es1 pu/ul> eczema1 loos5+ ( ! nails1 abscesses1 d>k pigm5tation ( p>ticul> p>ts ( ! sk91 & o!r symptoms4 ,! n]v\s symptoms v>y mu* accord+ to ! sev]ity ( ! disease2 fir/ ( all1 deafness & feel+ ( p9s & ne$les1 or loss ( s5sation 7p>/hesia & an/hesia7 ( ! extremities4 ,fur!r1 rheumatic jo9t pa9s1 weakness ( ! extremities & *>act]i/ic symptoms ( p>alysis occur1 ) accompany+ atrophy ( ! muscles1 & gradual loss ( en]gy lead+ to total incapacity = "w4 ,sev]e cases end 9 g5]al exhau/ion & loss ( /r5g?1 ) signs ( sev]e injury to ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em1 su* z epileptic fits1 m5tal hebetude1 c4 ,,phosphorus ,phosphorus 7,p7 is polymorphic2 r$ 7amorph\s7 phosphorus is innocu\s1 :ile :ite or yell[ is poison\s4 ,phosphorus at v>i\s /ages ( oxidation is little if at all poison\s4 ,:ite phosphorus is volatile & fumes 9 ! air--! fumes consi/+ ( phosphorus1 phosphoric & phosphor\s acids4 ,*ronic indu/rial phosphorus poison+ is produc$ by cont9u$ inhalation ( ! fumes ( :ite phosphorus result+ 9 inflammation ( ! p]io/eum ( ! bone1 ) :i* necrosis & =mation ( new bone are associat$4 ,x attacks especially ! l[] jawbone 7ossify+ p]io/itis74 ,! inflammation beg9s ) increas$ fl[ ( saliva1 pa9ful swell+ ( ! gums1 :i*1 z x increases1 br+s ab\t ! dea? ( ! jawbone 7necrosis1 phosphorus necrosis74 ,?is becomes cov]$ aga9 ) newly =m$ bone sub/ance f ! p]io/eum4 ,! process ends ) ! =mation ( a fi/ula 7a passage fill$ ) pus71 :i* dis*>ges outw>ds1 & ?r\gh :i* ! dead bone 7seque/rum7 is ev5tually ca/ (f4 ,occasionally ! process attacks ! upp] jaw1 r>ely o!r bones4 ,) ^! *>act]i/ic symptoms ( phosphorus necrosis1 d]angem5t ( nutrition toge!r ) anmia1 indige/ion & bron*ial cat>rh1 may be associat$4 ,fur!r1 a g5]al brittl5ess ( ! bones 7fragilitas ossium7 is obs]v$ ) ! result t ! long bones ( ! leg or arm sometimes break at relatively small ex]tion ( =ce2 su* cases f ,bohemia came lately "u my notice4 ,"s au?orities reg>d c>ies ( ! tee? z ! pre-dispos+ cause ( phosphorus necrosis2 accord+ to ?is view ! c>i\s tee? con/itute ! means ( entrance = ! poison4 ,oppos$ to ?is s-call$ #8local' !ory is ! view t *ronic phosphorus poison+ is a #8g5]al' "o4 ,! tru? may lie midway4 ,on ! "o h& phosphorus necrosis probably arises p>tly f ! g5]al poison\s action ( ! phosphorus1 & on ! o!r f local inflammation :i* leads to ! occurr5ce ( local symptoms4 ,! g5]al symptoms ( *ronic phosphorus poison+ describ$ above support ?is view1 especially ! effect obs]v$ on ! bones ( ! skeleton4 ,?is view is also /r5g!n$ by ! fact t workm5 ) p]fectly s\nd tee?1 :o _h be5 expos$ to phosphorus fumes = _m ye>s1 7 attack$ by necrosis only :5 traumatic inflammation produc$ by *ance injury 0 set up4 ,! treatm5t ( phosphorus necrosis is surgical4 ,=m]ly ! treatm5t recomm5d$ 0 to wait = =mation ( new bone & exfoliation ( ! dead bone 7expectant treatm5t72 ! necros$ portions ( bone 7 !n extract$ ?r\gh ! fi/ula4 ,rec5tly e>ly op]ative int]f]5ce has succe$$ 9 pres]v+ ! p]io/eum :i* enabl$ ! new bone to =m4 ,phosphorett$ ,hydrog5 ,indu/rial poison+ by gase\s phosphorett$ hydrog5 7,,ph7 calls = att5tion 9 connection ) ! prep>ation & employm5t ( calcium c>bide 7acetyl5e7 & also ( f]ro-silicon4 ,phosphorett$ hydrog5 is a dang]\s poison4 ,ev5 #jjbe p] c5t4 9 ! air is h>mful to animals aft] a "t2 #jb p] c5t4 ,,ph 9 ! air quickly causes dea?4 ,! poison produces *anges 9 ! lungs1 ?\gh )\t injur+ ! respiratory passages by corrosion1 & f9ally has a p>alys+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,x has no effect ^u ! blood4 ,an autopsy on a p]son :o has di$ ( phosphorett$ hydrog5 poison+ reveals z a rule no *>act]i/ic sign1 except c5tres ( inflammation 9 ! lungs4 ,! symptoms ( phosphorett$ hydrog5 poison+ are--difficulty ( brea?+1 c\gh1 fa9t+ fits1 noises 9 ! e>s1 & nausea2 9 sev]e cases coma & dea?4 ,slight cases soon recov] )\t aft]-effects4 ,,gr\p3 ,,sulphurett$ ,,hydrog51 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide1 ,,& ,,cyanog5 7,,n]ve ,,poisons7 ,9 ?is gr\p are compris$ indu/rial poisons ! pr9cipal effect ( :i* is ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 especially ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,! *emical composition ( ! sep>ate memb]s ( ! gr\p diff]s mu*4 ,,sulphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,indu/rial poison+ by pure sulphurett$ hydrog5 7,,%71 ! well-kn[n col\rless1 nause\s-smell+ gas1 occurs comp>atively r>ely4 ,poison+ is g5]ally acute1 b *ronic illness 9 work]s has be5 trac$ back to inhalation ( ! gas4 ,?is poison ex]ts a p>alys+ action ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em & is slightly irritat+ to ! muc\s membranes & respiratory organs4 ,its action c be describ$ z foll[s3 ,:5 absorb$ into ! blood union ( ! poison ) ! alkal9e con/itu5ts takes place ) =mation ( an alkal9e sulphide4 ,pres5ce ( only slight quantities ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 9 ! air acts injuri\sly4 ,lehmann has %[n t ab\t #jae to #jb p] ?\s& sulphurett$ hydrog5 is n )\t effect1 & t prolong$ inhalation ( #je p] ?\s& becomes dang]\s4 ,cont9u$ exposure to ! poison seems only to increase susceptibility to its action4 ,an almo/ complete absorption ( ! :ole ( ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 pres5t 9 ! air brea!d takes place4 ,cont9u$ inhalation ( small quantities ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 produces irritation ( ! muc\s membrane1 c\gh1 & lacrymation2 heada*e1 gidd9ess1 nausea1 & m5tal dulness soon ensue2 occasionally also symptoms ( inte/9al cat>rh foll[2 if at ?is /age--or aft] a long] exposure to ! action ( a small] am\nt--! pati5t is )drawn f its fur!r influ5ce1 !re /ill cont9ue = "s "t symptoms ( irritation ( ! muc\s membrane 7su* z inflammation ( ! conjunctiva & ( ! respiratory passages74 ,fur!r exposure or absorption ( great] am\nts induces g5]al discom=t & passes on to a second /age ( convulsions & delirium4 ,inhalation ( a l>ge dose ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 causes almo/ in/antane\s dea?2 ! affect$ p]son falls dead--(t5 )\t a s\nd--z if /ruck by a bl[2 occasionally a %ort /age ( unconsci\sness1 ) symptoms ( suffocation1 prec$e dea?4 ,?is acute =m (t5 occurs1 especially 9 acute sew] gas poison+4 ,besides ?is1 a sub-acute =m ( sew] gas poison+ is recognis$ :i* is attributable1 9 "p at lea/1 to ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 ! prom95t symptoms be+ irritation ( ! muc\s membranes & ( ! inte/9al canal4 ,9 o!r sev]e cases symptoms ( ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em prepond]ate 7heada*e1 gidd9ess1 & delirium74 ,^! =ms ( poison+ c be caus$ n only by sulphurett$ hydrog51 b also by o!r poison\s gases :i* are f\nd 9 dra9s or sew]s4 ,z reg>ds treatm5t1 cont9u$ inhalation ( oxyg51 support$ by artificial respiration1 is (t51 9 s]i\s cases1 effective4 ,9 sev]e poison+s also sal9e injections & ble$+ may be advocat$4 ,o!r symptoms 7cat>rh1 c47 mu/ be treat$ symptomatically4 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide ,pure c>bon bisulphide 7,,cs7 is a col\rless1 peculi>-smell+ liquid :i* boils at #df ,c4 ,z ,lehmann has %[n1 ev5 #ae to #cj mg4 ,,cs p] litre ( air produces di/ress--) acute symptoms ( poison+ 7conge/ion1 gidd9ess1 sickness1 c474 ,indu/rial c>bon bisulphide poison+ is1 h[ev]1 *ronic 9 nature & induc$ by cont9u\s inhalation ( small quantities ( ! fumes4 ,to und]/& ! action ( c>bon bisulphide1 its capacity = dissolv+ fats & fatty sub/ances mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,its injuri\s effect ext5ds to ! n]ve tissues 7c5tral & p]iph]al n]v\s sy/em7 & ! gl&ul> tissues4 ,?r\gh\t *ronic indu/rial c>bon bisulphide poison+1 :i* has be5 describ$ fully by ,delpe*1 ,laud5heim]1 & o!rs1 n]v\s & psy*ical symptoms pr$om9ate1 toge!r ) sev]e *ronic dige/ive d]angem5t4 ,! pati5t aft] exposure = "s "t suff]s f viol5t heada*e1 gidd9ess1 & sickness2 he has s5sations ( cold1 pa9s 9 ! limbs1 a feel+ ( #8ne$les & p9s1' & it*+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,gradually a condition ( g5]al excitem5t develops4 ,sleeplessness1 cramps1 & palpitation set 94 ,at ! same "t ! n]v\s sy/em becomes involv$--hyp]s5sitiv5ess1 loss ( s5sation or complete numbness ( "s p>ts ( ! sk91 dim9ution ( muscul> p[]1 di/urbances ( movem5t1 twit*+1 viol5t trembl+1 wa/+ ( ! muscles1 & p>alysis2 ! sight also is sometimes affect$4 ,! /age ( excitem5t1 9 :i* ! pati5t (t5 becomes /rik+ly loquaci\s )\t cause1 passes gradually1 z ! n]v\s symptoms develop1 into ! /age ( depression2 sometimes ?is takes weeks & mon?s2 excitem5t & gaiety give place to deep depression2 o!r symptoms appe>--weakness ( memory1 m5tal dulness1 & difficulty 9 speak+4 ,! p[]s ( s5sation become affect$1 p>alysis increases1 & dige/ive di/urbances1 anmia1 & g5]al loss ( /r5g? are manife/4 ,occasionally def9ite m5tal disease 7psy*osis1 mania1 melan*olia1 dem5tia1 c47 develops4 ,c]ta9 cases ( *ronic c>bon bisulphide poison+ 9 indi>ubb] work]s h come "u my notice1 & "s rem>ks conc]n+ !m may be ( int]e/4 ,! *>act]i/ic symptoms are ess5tially z foll[s3 ! invalid appe>s 9 ! consult+-room 9 a b5t position1 lean+ ^u a /ick ) head & h&s %ak+4 ,! gait is clumsy 7spa/ic-p>alysis7 s t ! pati5t #8/eps' r ?an walks4 ,:5 seat$1 ! tremor ceases to "s ext5t1 b 9 purposive movem5ts increases rapidly1 involv+ ! :ole body1 s t an exact sy/ematic exam9ation becomes impossible1 & ! invalid s9ks back into ! *air exhau/$ & ba!d 9 p]spiration4 ,he compla9s ( cold 9 ! extremities4 ,he looks pale2 ! sk9 ( ! upp] extremities is totally )\t feel+1 z also is ! upp] "p ( ! feet2 ! sk9 ( ! head is hyp]s5sitive2 ! muscul> /r5g? ( ! arms is almo/ lo/2 te/+ ! /r5g? br+s on m>k$ %ak+1 foll[$ by a fa9t+-fit caus$ by exhau/ion4 ,! extremities ( ! pati5t are cyanotic 7livid72 ! knee j]ks are exagg]at$4 ,! pati5t suff]s f indige/ion1 con/ipation1 heada*e1 & gidd9ess2 he is irritable1 & depress$2 8 memory is weak2 m5tal d]angem5t _c be prov$4 ,*ronic c>bon bisulphide poison+ is r>ely fatal4 ,slight cases end 9 recov]y aft] m or less long cont9uance2 9 sev]e cases improvem5t occasionally takes place1 b s]i\s n]v\s di/urbance 7p>alysis1 weakness ( ! muscles1 det]ioration ( intellect7 usually p]si/s4 ,treatm5t is symptomatic1 aim+ especially at reliev+ ! n]v\s symptoms & improv+ ! /ate ( nutrition4 ,if psy*ical di/urbances are prom95t1 treatm5t 9 an in/itution is necess>y4 ,,cyanog5 ,,& ,,cyanog5 ,,comp\nds 7,,cyanog5 ,,gas1 ,,prussic ,,acid1 ,,cyanides7 ,indu/rial cyanog5 poison+ is n frequ5t4 ,cyanog5 gas 7,c,n1 exi/+ 9 small quantities 9 furnace gas1 illum9at+ gas1 & o!r k9ds ( gas7 & especially hydrocyanic acid 7,,cnh1 prussic acid7 are consid]$ indu/rial poisons2 ! latt] is a v un/able1 col\rless1 pung5t-smell+ liquid1 boil+ at #bg ,c4 ,among ! cyanides employ$ indu/rially & hav+ an effect simil> to t ( prussic acid mu/ be m5tion$ cyanide ( potassium & cyanide ( sodium 7,,kcn & ,na,c,n71 cyanide ( silv] 7,ag,c,n7 & cyanide ( m]cury 7,hg,,cn74 ,cyanog5 & cyanog5 comp\nds are extraord9>ily p[]ful poisons4 ,! m9imum dose lies1 z ,lehmann has prov$ by exp]im5ts on animals1 at ab\t #jje p] ?\s& ( hydrocyanic acid 9 ! atmosph]e brea!d2 #a-e mg4 p] kg4 weight is fatal to animals2 to man ab\t #fj mg4 w\ld be fatal4 ,! poison\s action ( cyanog5 & cyanog5 comp\nds dep5ds ^u _! p[] ( prev5t+ absorption ( oxyg5 f ! blood by ! tissues ) ! result t ! v5\s blood fl[+ to ! he>t reta9s ! bright r$ col\r :i* o!rwise only art]ial blood exhibits4 ,?is effect is due to cessation ( ! gase\s ex*ange 9 ! body1 & results 9 tissue suffocation4 ,at ! same "t ^! poisons h at fir/ an excit+ & !n a p>alys+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 sev]e poison+ ! n]ve effect is mask$ by ! effect ^u ! ex*ange ( gases 9 ! blood1 s9ce ?is quickly leads to dea?4 ,mo/ ( ! cases ( indu/rial poison+ "u ?is head+ result f inhalation2 absorption ( liquid cyanog5 comp\nds ?r\gh ! sk9 c r>ely come into consid]ation4 ,if l>ge quantities ( hydrocyanic acid h be5 inhal$1 dea? ensues v quickly4 ,! p]son affect$ falls d[n sudd5ly1 brea!s ) difficulty1 ! pulse soon becomes imp]ceptible1 & aft] a m or less long /age ( deep unconsci\sness 7coma7 life becomes ext9ct4 ,9 slight cases ( poison+ ! pati5t feels a s5sation ( irritation 9 ! ?roat1 gidd9ess1 sickness1 & difficulty 9 brea?+2 occasionally su* di/urbances p]si/ = "s "t4 ,"s writ]s h describ$ symptoms 9 work]s manipulat+ prussic acid & cyanides1 :i* !y believe to be due to *ronic prussic acid poison+4 ,compla9t is made ( oppression ( ! *e/1 ?roat irritation1 gidd9ess1 difficulty 9 brea?+1 palpitation1 hebetude1 exhau/ion1 & nausea & vomit+2 9 c]ta9 in/ances ! attack1 aggravat$ by exhau/ion & weakness1 culm9ates 9 dea?4 ,x is a "q :e!r su* poison+s are *ronic 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,9 view ( ! mode ( action ( hydrocyanic acid1 su* cases ( sickness %\ld r be acc\nt$ acute or sub-acute poison+s ?r\gh repeat$ action ( small quantities ( ! poison4 ,x may be m5tion$ t 9 p]sons work+ ) alkal9e cyanides 7especially 9 electro-plat+7 sk9 affections occasionally occur2 ^! are traceable to ! cau/ic effect ( alkal9e cyanides4 ,treatm5t by oxyg5 inhalation ) simultane\s artificial respiration holds out mo/ prospect ( success4 ,?is holds good = acute poison+ by ! o!r poisons belong+ to ?is gr\p4 ,besides ?is1 sal9e injections & ble$+ are recomm5d$1 & also ! adm9i/ration ( an infusion ( sodium ?iosulphate solution4 ,,gr\p3 ,,ars5iurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,& ,,c>bonic ,,oxide 7,,blood ,,poisons7 ,includ$ 9 ?is gr\p1 z 9 ! =m] "o1 are sub/ances *emically v diff]5t f ea* o!r1 b ( :i* ! action is especially on ! blood4 ,besides ?is common effect1 ^! sub/ances also produce v>i\s o!r effects1 su* z local irritation1 effect on ! n]v\s sy/em1 c4 ,! indu/rial blood poisons1 :i* accord+ to _! *emical con/itution are class$ among ! aliphatic & ! aromatic s]ies ( organic comp\nds1 w1 = ! sake ( cle>ness1 be discuss$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,,ars5iurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,acute ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+1 produc$ by inhalation ( relatively v small quantities ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas 7,as,h7 is 9 mo/ cases indu/rial 9 orig94 ,! absorption ( an am\nt correspond+ to ab\t #jja mg4 ars5ic suffices to produce sev]e poison+ symptoms4 ,! poison\s effect results *iefly f action ^u ! r$ blood corpuscles1 :i* are dissolv$ 7hmolysis74 ,ars5iurett$ hydrog5 is !re=e a g5u9e blood poison4 ,! effect ^u ! blood1 if n imm$iately fatal to life1 is to cause ! dissolv$ blood-col\r+ matt] to pass into ! tissues :]e1 ?\gh "s is deposit$1 mo/ goes to1 & acts injuri\sly on1 ! organs1 especially ! liv]1 sple51 & kidneys4 ,9 cases runn+ at once a fatal c\rse1 ! impov]i%m5t ( ! blood caus$ by ! lack ( col\r+ matt] necess>y to int]nal respiration produces tissue suffocation1 :i* is !re=e ! prim>y cause ( dea?4 ,9 cases n imm$iately fatal1 ! injury to ! functions ( ! organs allud$ to 7= in/ance1 cessation ( ! functions ( ! kidneys1 c47 may lead to dea? second>ily4 ,symptoms ( ! disease appe> (t5 only "s "t aft] ! poison+ has set 91 & beg9 ) g5]al malaise1 sickness1 collapse1 fa9t+ fits1 & difficulty ( brea?+2 aft] "s h\rs ! *>act]i/ic signs foll[--! ur9e becomes d>k r$ to black1 conta9+ quantities ( blood col\r+ matt] & dissolv$ con/itu5ts ( ! blood1 & lat] also bile col\r+ matt]1 s t a copp]y jaundice comes on if ! illness is prolong$4 ,! region ( ! liv]1 sple51 & kidneys is pa9ful4 ,sev]e cases (t5 end fatally dur+ ! fir/ /age ( ! illness1 m r>ely lat]1 ) increas$ difficulty ( brea?+2 sometimes dea? occurs aft] a prec$+ comatose /age m>k$ by convulsions & delirium4 ,9 slight] poison+ cases ! symptoms abate 9 a few days & recov]y foll[s4 ,! treatm5t ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 poison+ is simil> to t adopt$ 9 ! case ( all o!r blood poison+s3 9 addition1 if possible1 direct transfusion ( blood f ! art]y ( ! giv] into ! ve9 ( ! receiv]1 liquid n\ri%m5t1 sal9e injections1 &1 above all1 prolong$ oxyg5 inhalation4 ,,c>bonic ,,oxide 7,,co7 ,c>bonic oxide 7,,co7 is a col\rless1 od\rless gas :i* frequ5tly causes bo? acute &1 x is said1 *ronic indu/rial poison+4 ,c>bonic oxide is a v poison\s gas2 ev5 z little z #je p] ?\s& 9 ! atmosph]e brea!d has a poison\s effect2 ab\t #b-c p] ?\s& c be dang]\s to life4 ,its poison\s effect results f its p[] ( comb9+ ) ! blood-col\r+ matt] or hmoglob9 to =m c>boxy-hmoglob92 ! aff9ity ( c>bonic oxide = ! hmoglob9 ( ! blood is m ?an #bjj times great] ?an t ( oxyg51 s t1 h[ev] small ! am\nt ( c>bonic oxide 9 ! air1 x is inevitably absorb$ by ! blood & reta9$4 ,! blood s alt]$1 assumes a *]ry-r$ col\r1 is unable to effect ! necess>y ex*ange ( gases = int]nal respiration1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! lack ( oxyg5 suffocation ensues4 ,)\t d\bt1 h[ev]1 c>bonic oxide has also an imm$iate effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em 7fir/ excitation1 foll[$ quickly by p>alysis74 ,x is ma9ta9$ also t besides ! action ^u ! hmoglob9 x fav\rs coagulation ( ! blood ?r\gh ! dis9tegration ( ! blood corpuscles4 ,! la/-m5tion$ action is ?\ght to acc\nt = ! sequel ( c>bonic oxide poison+1 b !y c also naturally be acc\nt$ = by ! direct effect ( ! poison4 ,onset ( symptoms is v sudd5 if a l>ge quantity ( pure c>bonic oxide is inhal$4 ,! affect$ p]son imm$iately falls d[n unconsci\s & succumbs aft] draw+ a few brea?s ) difficulty4 ,9 less acute cases ! illness beg9s ) premonitory symptoms1 g5]ally heada*e1 sickness1 gidd9ess1 sleep9ess1 ?\gh 9 cases ( fairly rapid absorption ^! are abs5t1 & are naturally abs5t also :5 ! poison+ creeps ^u ! affect$ p]sons :ile asleep1 z occasionally happ5s 9 cab9s1 c41 9 factories4 ,if ! poison+ cont9ues1 increas+ m5tal dulness1 accompani$ by nausea & vomit+1 leads sometimes to a %ort /age ( seem+ly drunk5 excitem5t1 :i* preludes deep unconsci\sness dur+ :i* !re is (t5 a convulsive /age1 foll[$ by complete loss bo? ( s5sation & ( reflex action2 ! brea?+ becomes %all[ & int]mitt5t1 ! pulse small & irregul>1 & f9ally dea? ensues4 ,occasionally 9 ! /age ( unconsci\sness1 dea? is ha/5$ by entrance ( vomit$ matt] into ! respiratory passages4 ,bright r$ pat*es are se5 on ! body aft] dea?4 ,if p]sons affect$ by sev]e c>bonic oxide poison+ are )drawn f ! poison\s atmosph]e aft] hav+ rea*$ ! /age ( unconsci\sness1 !y may recov]1 b (t5 ) difficulty2 n infrequ5tly--9 spite ( suitable treatm5t--dea? occurs "s consid]able "t lat] f ! symptoms describ$ above4 ,/ill1 9 _m cases1 "u ! influ5ce ( "r treatm5t1 gradual recov]y has be5 br\ght ab\t1 ev5 aft] long unconsci\sness accompani$ by repeat$ convulsions4 ,9 ! rescu$ ! symptoms describ$ z *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ /age (t5 cont9ue = at lea/ a day4 ,fur!r1 !y are liable to a numb] ( s]i\s aft] effects1 su* z sev]e inflammation ( ! lungs due to infection by ! entrance ( vomit$ matt] into ! air passages1 sk9 affections 7ra%es71 & especially sev]e n]v\s & m5tal affections4 ,frequ5tly ^! develop f c5tres ( s(t5+ 9 ! bra9 or f inflammation ( ! p]iph]al n]ves 7neuritis72 occasionally ! poison+ may really only be ! pr$ispos+ cause = ! outbreak ( an exi/+ psy*ical disease4 ,x is n our task to enum]ate all ! extremely v>i$ di/urbances :i* are obs]v$ aft] c>bonic acid gas poison+4 ,neuralgias & p>alyses h be5 describ$ z associat$ ) ! p]iph]al n]ve symptoms ov] areas suppli$ by diff]5t n]ves2 v>i\s =ms ( diseases ( ! bra9 & sp9al cord 7poliomyelitis1 p>alysis1 scl]osis1 c472 & f9ally a s]ies ( psy*oses 7neura/h5ia1 melan*olia1 mania1 c471 occasionally pass+ into dem5tia & imbecility4 ,glycosuria 7sug> 9 ! ur9e7 has also be5 not$ z a sequela4 ,*ronic c>bonic oxide poison+1 aris+ f cont9u$ inhalation ( small quantities ( ! gas1 sets 9 usually ) symptoms simil> to ^? ( acute c>bonic oxide poison+2 if ! work] cont9ues expos$ to dang]1 sev]e symptoms may arise :i* po9t to m>k$ alt]ation ( ! blood & lat] also ( ! dige/ion & bodily functions4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances sev]e n]v\s & m5tal affections are said to occur simil> to ^? :i* we h m5tion$ z sequel ( acute c>bonic oxide poison+ 7convulsions1 di/urbances ( m5tal activity1 symptoms :i* resemble progressive muscul> atrophy1 c474 ,9 acute c>bonic oxide poison+ oxyg5 inhalation indefatigably cont9u$ & support$ by artificial respiration is (t5 successful4 ,! s]i\s dang] f ?is =m ( poison+ r5d]s x v necess>y t 9 all premises :]e !re is risk provision %\ld be made = ! adm9i/ration ( oxyg54 ,! sequel c ( c\rse only be treat$ symptomatically4 ,,oxy*loride ,,( ,,c>bon 7,,phosg5e7 ,oxy*loride ( c>bon 7,c,o,cl71 also call$ phosg5e1 is1 at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 a col\rless gas ) a disagreeable smell4 ,?is decomposes 9 moi/ air into c>bonic oxide1 hydro*loric acid1 or *lor9e1 & produces a /rongly irritant local effect ^u ! muc\s membranes4 ,indu/rial poison+ by phosg5e is *>act]is$ by great difficulty 9 brea?+ & inflammation ( ! respiratory tract 7bron*itis & blood/a9$ expectoration74 ,sev]al cases h be5 treat$ successfully by oxyg5 inhalation4 ,,nickel ,,c>bonyl ,! effects ( nickel c>bonyl are describ$ on pp4 #ahf-h4 ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,c>bonic acid 7,,co71 a col\rless gas1 is heavi] ?an air 7specific weight1 #aebf71 & !re=e1 :]ev] x collects1 s9ks to ! gr\nd4 ,c>bonic acid is only v slightly poison\s2 ab\t #aj p] c5t4 c>bonic acid 9 ! air causes asphyxia4 ,! ext+ui%+ ( a c&le flame w s]ve z an indication t ! am\nt ( c>bonic acid 9 ! atmosph]e has rea*$ ?is po9t4 ,cases ( indu/rial c>bonic acid asphyxia are sudd52 !y d n occur frequ5tly4 ,! gradual action ( ! gas :5 mix$ ) air produces fir/ a t+l+ s5sation on ! surface ( ! body1 r$d5+ ( ! face1 irritation ( ! muc\s membrane & ! respiratory organs1 aft] :i* succe$ difficulty 9 brea?+1 palpitation1 fa9t+1 & unconsci\sness4 ,sudd5 & fatal poison+ occurs indu/rially4 ,^u ent]+ places fill$ ) c>bonic acid gas ! affect$ p]son falls d[n dead almo/ imm$iately4 ,^! are cases ( asphyxia1 9 :i* ! lack ( oxyg5 c]ta9ly plays ! greate/ "p4 ,if ^? affect$ by acute c>bonic acid poison+ are remov$ 9 "t out ( ! dang]\s atmosph]e !y usually recov] quickly4 ,oxyg5 inhalations & artificial respiration are to be appli$ 9 sev]] cases4 ,!re are no sequel4 ,,gr\p3 ,,hydroc>bons ,,( ,,! ,,aliphatic ,,& ,,aromatic ,,s]ies ,,& ,,_! ,,halog5 ,,& ,,hydroxyl ,,sub/itution ,,products ,! indu/rial poisons compris$ 9 ?is gr\p h z _! pr9cipal g5]al effect injuri\s action ^u ! functions ( ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em 7p>alysis or caus+ excitation7 :i* is prom95t 9 mo/ ( ! cases ( indu/rial poison+ caus$ by ^! sub/ances4 ,?is effect is mo/ m>k$ 9 ! case ( ! readily volatile 7l[ boil+7 hydroc>bons1 :ile ^? less volatile & boil+ at a high] temp]ature (t5 h collat]al effects 7su* z local irritation74 ,! *>act]i/ic poison\s effect caus$ by ! *lor9e & hydroxyl-sub/itution products 7*lor(orm & alcohol gr\p7 is also ma9ly on ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em 7n>cosis74 ,,hydroc>bons ,,( ,,m9]al ,,oil ,,b5z9e1 ,,ligro9e1 ,,petroleum1 ,,p>aff91 ,,vasel9e ,m9]al oil 7crude petroleum7 has1 accord+ to its orig91 diff]+ composition4 ,?us 9 ,am]ican m9]al oil hydroc>bons ( ! me?ane s]ies prepond]ate2 9 ! ,russian1 hydroc>bons ( ! aromatic s]ies4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ,"p ,i4 to ?is po9t1 z well z to ! sep>ation ( crude petroleum into its diff]5t fractions4 ,! injury to heal? produc$ by crude petroleum & its d]ivatives is ( two k9ds4 ,direct contact ) liquid petroleum & ! semi-liquid & solid deposit aft] di/illation 7p>aff97 cause local injury to ! sk94 ,inhalation ( ! volatile con/itu5ts ( raw petroleum causes symptoms affect+ ma9ly ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,!y h moreov] a m>k$ly irritat+ effect ^u ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory organs4 ,^! sub/ances cle>ly exhibit ! *>act]i/ic we h ref]r$ to1 namely1 t ! hydroc>bons boil+ at l[ temp]ature act z n]ve poisons1 :]eas ^? boil+ at a high] temp]ature produce a local irritant effect4 ,! sk9 affections take ! =m ( inflammation ( ! hair follicles 7acne71 eruptions ) *>act]i/ic =mation ( vesicles1 & pimples & pu/ules :i* prec$e ! deep-seat$ =mation ( ulc]s1 abscesses1 c4 ,9 p>aff9 work]s ! acne-l sk9 inflammations are kn[n z #8p>aff9 eczema4' ,!y develop sometimes into canc] ( ! sk9 7w>ty & epi!liomat\s gr[?s74 ,9 ! g5]al poison+ produc$ by inhalation ( petroleum fumes ! effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em is all ! m pla9ly & cle>ly m>k$ :5 ! irritant effect ( ! hydroc>bons boil+ at high] temp]ature is slight or abs5t2 t is1 9 ! case ( poison+ :i* arises solely f indu/rial products ( l[ boil+ hydroc>bons2 among ^! b5z9e is includ$4 ,acute poison+ f inhalation ( b5z9e fumes beg9s ) heada*e1 sickness1 & attacks ( gidd9ess resembl+ alcoholic intoxication4 ,if v mu* has be5 inhal$1 ! pati5t quickly becomes unconsci\s1 ) occasionally muscul> tremors1 convulsions1 difficulty 9 brea?+1 & cyanosis4 ,9 cases ( poison+ by inhalation ( fumes ( crude petroleum1 ^! symptoms may be complicat$ by c\gh+1 int5se inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory organs--conge/ion1 bron*itis1 blood/a9$ expectoration1 & inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,9 work]s :o frequ5tly rema9 long 9 an atmosph]e fill$ ) b5z9e fumes1 fur!r symptoms ( *ronic b5z9e poison+ %[ !mselves--m5tal hebetude1 pa9s 9 ! limbs1 trembl+1 weakness ( ! muscles1 & o!r di/urbances ( ! n]v\s sy/em2 9 su* cases ^! may really be signs ( cont9u$ attacks ( acute or sub-acute poison+2 _m b5z9e work]s are anmic4 ,! treatm5t ( acute b5z9e poison+ consi/s 9 oxyg5 inhalation1 ) simultane\s artificial respiration4 ,treatm5t ( *ronic d]angem5t ( heal? is symptomatic4 ,,hydroc>bons ,,( ,,! ,,aromatic ,,s]ies ,,b5z5e ,,& ,,its ,,homologues ,b5z5e 7,c,h7 is a *>act]i/ically smell+ 7aromatic7 liquid :i* boils at #hje ,c4 ,acute b5z5e poison+1 :i* plays an important "p z an indu/rial poison+1 is caus$ by inhalation ( b5z5e fumes4 ,! v>i\s k9ds ( b5zol us$ comm]cially conta91 besides b5z5e1 alkyl b5z5es1 especially tolu5e 7me?ylb5z5e1 ,c,h4,,*1 boil+-po9t #aaa ,c472 xyl5e 7dime?ylb5z5e1 ,c,h,,*1 boil+-po9t #adj ,c472 pseudocum5e & mesityl5e 7tri-me?ylb5z5e1 ,c,h,,*1 boil+-po9t #afi or #afc ,c472 ! regul> pres5ce ( ?ioph5e 7,c,h,s1 boil+-po9t #hd ,c47 9 comm]cial b5zol mu/ also be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,indu/rial b5zol poison+ arises1 !re=e1 z a rule1 n f ! action ( pure b5z5e vap\r1 b f fumes :i* conta9 a mixture ( ! comp\nds m5tion$4 ,! c\rse run by indu/rial b5zol poison+ is (t5 v acute1 if l>ge quantities are inhal$--dea? occurr+ sudd5ly1 aft] a %ort illness ) symptoms ( v]tigo4 ,gradual inhalation ( less] quantities gives rise to heada*e1 gidd9ess1 malaise1 !n twit*+s appe> :i* develop into convulsions1 & la/ly unconsci\sness4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 9 :at mann] ! v>i\s sub/ances conta9$ 9 comm]cial b5zol %>e 9 ! poison\s effect1 exp]im5tal rese>* seem$ to me to be indisp5sable1 especially z publi%$ /atem5ts s f> gave no accurate data4 ,two cases ( indu/rial b5zol poison+ h giv5 rise to close exp]im5tal rese>* ^u ! poison\s nature ( b5z5e4 ,lew9 und]took exp]im5ts on animals2 :i* he conf9$ "u bells & caus$ to inhale fumes ( *emically pure & impure b5z5e4 ,he m5tions t ev5 at comp>atively l[ conc5tration poison+ results1 & inde$ m readily & c]ta9ly f ! action ( impure ?an pure b5z5e4 ,lew9 f\nd t :5 air 0 made to fl[ sl[ly fir/ ?r\gh b5z5e & !n into ! bell1 symptoms ( p>alysis1 convulsions1 & unconsci\sness %[$ !mselves 9 f f\r to six m9utes4 ,aft]-effects by ?is means c\ld n be obs]v$4 ,lew9 ma9ta9s1 h[ev]1 t 9 man ev5 slight acute action ( b5z5e c be foll[$ by aft]-effects 7gidd9ess1 sickness1 heada*e1 di/ress 9 brea?+1 & oppression ( ! he>t74 ,santesson made rese>*es ^u ! poison\s action ( b5z5e 9 connection ) occurr5ce ( c]ta9 cases ( poison+ ?r\gh #8impure b5zol' 7coal-t> b5z5e7 9 a rubb] tyre factory4 ,9 ! factory m5tion$ n9e "y wom5 7 poison$1 ( :om f\r di$4 ,! symptoms %[n 7 lassitude1 anmia1 gidd9ess1 heada*e1 vomit+1 & fev]4 ,po/ mortem1 hmorrhages & fatty deg5]ation ( ! endo!lium ( ! bloodvessels & v>i\s organs 7 f\nd4 ,exp]im5tal rese>* %[$ t comm]cial b5zol & *emically pure b5z5e _h ! same effect4 ,santesson did n succe$ 9 8 exp]im5ts on animals 9 produc+ *ronic poison+ by inhalation ( b5z9e & ( b5z5e fumes 7:i* two completely diff]5t poisons he does n di/+ui% /rictly f ea* o!r1 z is ! case1 un=tunately1 ) _m o!r writ]s74 ,my exp]im5tal rese>*es ^u ! poison\s effect ( pure b5z5e1 pure tolu5e1 cum5e1 ?ioph5e1 & ! mo/ important k9ds ( comm]cial b5zol gave ! foll[+ results3 ,= rabbits ! limit ( toxicity is a proportion ( #jjae to #jjaf p] ?\s& pure b5z5e 9 ! air1 t is #jjae to #jjaf c4c4 b5z5e vap\r p] litre ( air4 ,a conc5tration ( #jjef-jjeg p] ?\s& pure b5z5e 9 ! air causes 9 rabbits at once--aft] "o m9ute--twit*+ ( ! muscles2 aft] eight m9utes1 convulsions2 aft] t5 m9utes1 deep n>cosis2 & aft] tw5ty-five m9utes1 coma4 ,if ! animal is tak5 out ( ! bell 9 "t1 ev5 if x has %[n m>k$ symptoms1 x recov]s v quickly 79 two to t5 m9utes7 )\t manife/+ any aft] effects4 ,ev5 9 animals repeat$ly expos$ to ! poison sequel 7 n obs]v$4 ,dogs are some:at m susceptible to pure b5z5e ?an rabbits2 #jjbd p] ?\s& causes aft] t5 m9utes sev]e convulsions1 :i* aft] tw5ty m9utes become cont9u\s2 #jjdb p] ?\s& kills aft] tw5ty m9utes 7sudd5 dea? 9 a /ate ( tetanus74 ,cats are less s5sitive ?an dogs & m s5sitive ?an rabbits2 #jjc-jjd p] ?\s& causes aft] t5 m9utes attacks ( cramp &1 aft] tw5ty m9utes1 convulsions2 #jje p] ?\s& at once br+s on poison+ symptoms4 ,z reg>ds ! "* ( ! symptoms 7cramps1 convulsions1 quick recov]y1 no aft] effects7 ! above /atem5ts apply to all ?ree k9ds ( animals 7rabbit1 dog1 & cat74 ,*loral hydrate completely *ecks ! convulsions & enables animals to tol]ate high] conc5trations ( b5z5e = a long] "t4 ,b5z5e is ?us to be c\nt$ among n]ve irritant poisons4 ,! convulsions are probably provok$ by excitem5t ( ! motor c5tres 9 ! bra94 ,9 view ( ! fact t ?ioph5e 9 a conc5tration ( #jjc-jje p] ?\s& 9 ! air 0 borne by animals = an h\r )\t produc+ any symptoms ( poison+1 ! proportion ( ?ioph5e 9 comm]cial b5zol mu/ be look$ ^u z practically non-injuri\s4 ,! s-call$ #ij b5zol--a comm]cial b5zol ( :i* #ij p] c5t4 di/ils at #ajj ,c4--has naturally a some:at weak] action1 al?\gh1 9 respect ( ! poison+ symptoms produc$1 x is simil> to t ( pure b5z5e4 ,pure tolu5e 7boil+-po9t #aaa ,c47 & purifi$ toluol 7comm]cial product1 boil+-po9t #aji-aab ,c47 produce1 :5 inhal$1 gradually increas+ n>cosis 9 ! ?ree k9ds ( animals ref]r$ to2 !y produce no symptoms ( convulsions or spasms4 ,aft] ! animals h be5 tak5 out ( ! bell1 recov]y is n s rapid z aft] b5z9e inhalation1 b takes f half an h\r to "o h\r4 ,9 rabbits & cats #jjdf-jje p] ?\s& produces aft] fifte5 m9utes /agg]+ & p>esis2 aft] ?irty m9utes deep n>cosis4 ,! dog is aga9 some:at m susceptible1 z little z #jjcd p] ?\s& caus+ ^! symptoms 9 ! same "t4 #8,purifi$ toluol' 7comm]cial product7 acts some:at less rapidly ?an pure tolu5e1 b ?is small diff]5ce 9 effect ne$ h>dly be consid]$4 ,o!r poisons 7 also inve/igat$3-- ,solv5t naph?a ,i1 a comm]cial product1 ( :i* #ij p] c5t4 comes ov] at #afj ,c42 x conta9s little tolu5e1 *iefly xyl5e1 pseudocum5e1 & cum5e4 ,solv5t naph?a ,,ii1 ( :i* #ij p] c5t4 comes ov] at #age ,c1 x conta9s besides xyl5e1 *iefly pseudocum5e1 mesityl5e1 cum5e1 c4 ,! fumes ( solv5t naph?a ,i cause1 :5 inhal$ by rabbits1 dogs1 & cats1 gradual n>cosis1 al?\gh n ne>ly s quickly z tolu5e at simil> conc5trations2 recov]y usually takes ov] an h\r aft] ! deeply n>cotis$ animals h be5 remov$ f ! bell4 ,rabbits & cats are affect$ 9 ab\t equal degree4 ,! dog is ! m s5sitive4 ,rabbits & cats c tol]ate ab\t #jjab-jjac p] ?\s& ( ! fumes ( solv5t naph?a ,i 9 ! atmosph]e = a long "t )\t any symptoms4 ,only aft] brea?+ = fifty m9utes air conta9+ #jjecf p] ?\s& d !y become n>cotis$4 ,9 ! dog #jjcf p] ?\s& causes n>cosis only aft] ?irty m9utes4 ,) ! fumes ( solv5t naph?a ,,ii ,i c\ld n affect rabbits at all4 ,! cat also1 9 spite ( long inhalation ( ! heavy fumes1 %[$ no m>k$ symptoms ( poison+4 ,9 ! dog gradual n>cosis came ab\t only aft] an h\r's inhalation ( #jjdh p] ?\s&4 ,! fumes ( pure xyl5e caus$ n>cosis 9 rabbits aft] =ty m9utes' inhalation ( #jje p] ?\s& 9 ! atmosph]e2 aft] be+ tak5 out ( ! bell ! animals recov]$ sl[ly 7aft] half an h\r to "o h\r74 ,cum5e causes no symptoms aft] "o h\r's inhalation 9 a conc5tration ( #jjf to #jjg p] ?\s&4 ,?is expla9s ! effects ( solv5t naph?a ,i 79 :i* xyl5e prepond]ates7 & solv5t naph?a ,,ii 79 :i* pseudocum5e1 cum5e1 c41 prepond]ate74 ,aft] effects 7 n obs]v$4 ,b5zol & toluol fumes1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( solv5t naph?a1 ex]cise a di/9ctly irritant effect ^u ! muc\s membrane1 :i*1 h[ev]1 passes (f )\t aft] effects4 ,pure b5z5e1 !re=e1 prov$ ! mo/ poison\s ( ! sub/ances "u inve/igation4 ,:5 inhal$ its effect 7convulsions1 ) quick recov]y7 diff]s ess5tially f t ( tolu5e1 solv5t naph?a1 xyl5e1 & cum5e 7gradual n>cosis1 sl[ recov]y74 ,! fumes ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( comm]cial b5zol 7solv5t naph?a7 boil+ at a high] temp]ature are practically non-poison\s 7solv5t naph?a ,,ii74 ,pure b5z5e fumes are1 h[ev] poison\s1 ev5 9 v small quantities 9 ! air4 ,! limit = animals lies at #jjae-jjaf p] ?\s&4 ,lehmann has %[n 9 a rec5t "w t man1 expos$ to a mixture ( b5z5e & air1 absorbs #hj p] c5t4 ( ! b5z5e4 ,treatm5t ( acute indu/rial b5z5e poison+ consi/s 9 sev]e cases ( artificial respiration1 ) simultane\s adm9i/ration ( oxyg52 9 slight cases x is suffici5t to br+ ! pati5t into fre% air4 ,naph?al5e4--,naph?al5e1 :i* is insoluble 9 wat]1 has irritant effect ^u ! muc\s membrane & ^u ! sk9 :5 br\ght into contact ) x4 ,long cont9uance 9 an atmosph]e conta9+ naph?al5e z du/ or fumes causes heada*e1 nausea1 gidd9ess1 c4 ,,halog5 ,,sub/itution ,,products ,,aliphatic ,,s]ies 7,,n>cotic ,,poisons7 ,! halog5 sub/itution products ( ! aliphatic s]ies are n ( mu* acc\nt z indu/rial poisons4 ,!y h g5]ally a n>cotic effect1 t is1 a p>alys+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em1 usually prec$$ by a %ort /age ( excitem5t4 ,?is effect %[s itself typically on inhalation ( *lor(orm 7me?anetri*loride1 ,c,h,cl71 :i* h[ev] plays no "p z an indu/rial poison4 ,! n>cotic effect ( ! o!r alkyl *lorides is less ?an t ( *lor(orm4 ,) c>bon tetra*loride 7,c,cl7 ! n>cotic effect is only half t ( *lor(orm2 x causes1 h[ev]1 a m viol5t excitation2 inhal+ ! fumes br+s on nausea1 c\gh+1 sickness1 heada*e1 c4 ,me?yl*loride 7,,*,cl7 has a less n>cotis+ effect4 ,on ! o!r h& x has a /rong] local irritant action1 :i* is inde$ pres5t also 9 *lor(orm1 ?\gh n s app>5t4 ,?is gas1 z is well kn[n1 is us$ z a local an/hetic 9 m$ic9e4 ,pure me?yl5e *loride 7,,*,cl7 simil>ly is mu* less p[]ful ?an *lor(orm4 ,sev]e poison+1 alleg$ to h result$ f me?yl5e *loride 0 caus$ by a mixture1 call$ inde$ me?yl5e *loride1 b compos$ ( me?ylalcohol & *lor(orm4 ,( ! rema9+ halog5 sub/itution products ( me?ane1 me?yl bromide 7,,*,br7 & me?yl iodide 7,,*,i7 h giv5 rise to indu/rial poison+4 ,^! poisons also act 9 ! same way z ! alkyl *lorides1 b ! excitem5t accompany+ ! n>cosis is m m>k$--s f> z ! scanty obs]vations all[ conclusions to be drawn4 ,! symptoms fir/ %[ !mselves 9 sickness1 gidd9ess1 hebetude1 sl[+ ( respiratory movem5ts & ( ! he>t's action2 convulsions or delirium ensue4 ,treatm5t consi/s 9 artificial respiration or promotion ( brea?+ by a pl5tiful supply ( fre% air or oxyg52 9 pron\nc$ n>cosis /imulat+ rem$ies %\ld be appli$4 ,,b5z5e ,,s]ies ,*lorob5z5e1 & nitro- & d9itro-*lorob5z5e & b5zoyl*loride1 h giv5 rise to indu/rial poison+4 ,to *lorob5z5e simil> action is attribut$ z to b5z5e 7heada*e1 fa9t+1 rapid brea?+1 cyanosis72 *anges 9 ! blood 7me?moglob9 =mation7 h also be5 obs]v$4 ,nitro- & d9itro-*lorob5z5e are active poisons2 ! effect corresponds 9 g5]al to t ( nitro- & d9itrob5z5e1 b 9 addition ! fumes or du/ h m>k$ly irritant action on ! sk9 7d]matitis74 ,b5zoyl*loride 7,c,h,c,o,cl71 a col\rless1 pung5t-smell+ liquid1 produces a viol5tly irritant effect ^u ! muc\s membrane1 decompos+ into hydro*loric acid & b5zoic acid4 ,treatm5t is analog\s to t ( b5z5e poison+1 & 9 cases ( b5zoyl *loride poison+ to t by hydro*loric acid4 ,x may be m5tion$ t *lor9e ra% is attribut$ to ! action ( *lor9at$ t> products 7*lorob5z5e comp\nds74 ,,hydroxyl ,,sub/itution ,,products ,,fatty ,,s]ies 7,,alcohols7 ,! hydroxyl sub/itution products ( ! fatty s]ies belong ma9ly to ! n>cotic poisons2 ! great] ! molecul> weight ( ! alcohol1 ! m m>k$ is usually ! n>cotic effect4 ,accord+ to ?is propylalcohol is eighte5 times z poison\s z e?ylalcohol2 butylalcohol & amylalcohol h f #cf to #abj times z great a n>cotic effect z me?ylalcohol4 ,me?ylalcohol 7wood _s1 ,,*,,oh7 plays relatively ! greate/ "p among alcohols z an indu/rial poison1 because x is employ$ z a means ( d5atur+ _s4 ,its poison\s nature is relatively great1 be+ v p]si/5t4 ,indu/rial poison+ by me?ylalcohol is due to inhalation ( ! vap\r & is r>ely ( a sev]e nature4 ,! fumes h a /rongly irritant effect ^u ! muc\s membrane1 giv+ rise to ?roat irritation1 c\gh1 ho>s5ess1 & 9 sev]e cases bron*itis & inflammation ( ! conjunctiva ( ! eye4 ,9 addition inhalation ( me?ylalcohol vap\r causes heada*e1 gidd9ess1 nausea 7incl9ation to vomit71 & occasionally also twit*+s & tremor4 ,! high] alcohols 7propyl-1 butyl-1 amyl-alcohol1 ,c,h4,,oh1 ,c,h4,,oh1 & ,c,h4,,oh7 occur 9 fusel oil4 ,!y cause b slight 7if any7 indu/rial poison+4 ,cases ( m sev]e indu/rial poison+ ?r\gh amylalcohol fumes h be5 describ$ 79 factories = smokeless p[d]71 ) symptoms ( sickness1 heada*e1 gidd9ess1 ) fatal issue 9 "s cases1 prec$$ by sev]e n]v\s symptoms 7convulsions or delirium74 ,beyond spe$y removal out ( ! dang]\s atmosph]e1 probably no special treatm5t is ne$$ 9 ^! cases ( indu/rial poison+ f alcoholic vap\r4 ,,gr\p3 ,,nitro ,,& ,,amido ,,comp\nds ,,( ,,! ,,aliphatic ,,& ,,aromatic ,,s]ies 7,,blood ,,poisons ,,:i* ,,=m ,,me?,,moglob97 ,*>act]i/ic ( ! nitro & amido comp\nds ( ! aliphatic & aromatic s]ies ( ! organic sub/ances is _! action ^u ! blood4 ,! normal oxyhmoglob9 7blood-col\r+ matt]7 is *ang$ into me?moglob91 ) :i* ! oxyg5 is s firmly comb9$ t ! int]nal ex*ange ( gases necess>y to life becomes impossible4 ,me?moglob9 has a d>k *ocolate-br[n col\r & a cle>ly def9$ *>act]i/ic spectrum4 ,( ! poisons belong+ to ?is gr\p sev]al are important4 ,9 s f> z ^! sub/ances are volatile--& ?is is g5]ally ! case ) ^? caus+ indu/rial poison+--effects are due to inhalation ( fumes1 b x is prov$ t ! poisons ( ?is gr\p 9 liquid =m c be absorb$ by ! intact sk91 & ?is *annel ( absorption is *>act]i/ic ( indu/rial poison+4 ,sev]e poison+ results especially f wett+ ! sk9 by spill+ on ! clo!s1 c4 ,! grey-blue discoloration ( ! muc\s membrane1 especially ( ! lips1 is *>act]i/ic2 sometimes also ! sk9 is alt]$ 9 col\r4 ,?is discoloration is (t5 notic$ by o!rs be=e ! pati5t feels unwell4 ,soon ! p]son affect$ has g5]al nausea1 vomit+1 heada*e1 gidd9ess1 sev]e n]v\s symptoms1 feel+ ( anxiety1 & difficulty ( brea?+2 9 sev]e cases unconsci\sness comes on1 & dea? occurs ) increas+ cyanosis 7lividity74 ,treatm5t is naturally t :i* has be5 emphasis$ 9 ! introductory words to ,"p ,,ii1 :i* hold = all blood poison+s4 ,9 mild cases oxyg5 treatm5t has giv5 good results4 ,9 all factories :]e su* poison+ c occur provision %\ld be made = imm$iate oxyg5 treatm5t4 ,besides ?is1 ! work]s mu/ be adequately in/ruct$ z to ! dang] & symptoms ( poison+1 especially ( ! *>act]i/ic premonitory sk9 discoloration1 9 ord] to be able to assi/ _! fell[s4 ,,nitrocomp\nds ,,aliphatic ,,s]ies ,nitro-glyc]9 7triple nitric acid e/] ( glyc]91 ,c,h4,,no71 ! well-kn[n oily explosive liquid1 has also an irritant local effect4 ,:5 absorb$ into ! body1 9 addition to me?moglob9 =mation1 x causes dilatation ( ! bloodvessels1 sl[+ ( ! respiration & he>t's action1 & attacks ( suffocation4 ,! g5]al rem>ks ^u ?is gr\p apply "h1 b symptoms ref]able to c5tral p>alysis occur z ! me?moglob9 =mation is sl[4 ,indu/rial poison+ arises ?r\gh inhalation ( gases conta9+ nitro-glyc]9 & also by absorption ?r\gh ! sk94 ,/atem5ts z to its poison\s nature are v v>i$4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions moi/5+ ! sk9 ) small quantities ( nitro-glyc]9 suffices to produce symptoms4 ,probably ! susceptibility ( diff]5t p]sons v>ies greatly4 ,amylnitrite 7nitric acid amyl e/]1 ,c,h,,no71 a *>act]i/ically smell+ liquid1 acts simil>ly4 ,! fumes ( amylnitrite1 ev5 :5 inhal$ 9 small quantities1 cause m>k$ dilatation ( ! bloodvessels1 ?r\gh p>alysis ( ! muscul> walls ( ! bloodvessels1 ?us caus+ m>k$ flu%+ ( ! face2 ! pulse becomes quick1 !n weak & sl[4 ,,nitro ,,& ,,amido ,,comp\nds ,,aromatic ,,s]ies ,! sub/ances ( ?is gr\p are important4 ,nitrob5z5e 7,c,h,,no1 nam$ oil ( mirbane71 a yell[i% liquid ( *>act]i/ic smell1 induces especially ! =mation ( me?moglob9 9 ! blood2 ! effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em 7fir/ excitation1 !n depression7 is (t5 abs5t4 ,! description ( ! disease 9 g5]al 9 ! introductory words ( ?is :ole gr\p is *>act]i/ic4 ,occasionally signs ( asphyxia %[ !mselves2 sometimes !re are twit*+s1 di/urbance ( ! p[] ( s5sation1 & convulsions2 e>ly discoloration ( ! muc\s membrane & ! sk91 :i* assume a blue to grey-black col\r1 is *>act]i/ic4 ,*ronic poison+ is also attribut$ to nitrob5z5e1 %[+ itself 9 lassitude1 heada*e1 malaise1 gidd9ess1 & o!r di/urbances ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,nitrotolu5e 7,c,h,,*,,no71 ( :i* ! or?o-comp\nd acts mo/ p[]fully1 & also nitroxyl5e 7,c,h,,*,,no7 h simil> b less m>k$ effect4 ,! d9itrob5z5es 7,c,h,,no7 are /able bodies4 ,meta-d9itrob5z5e inhal$ z du/ or o!rwise1 c produce m>k$ poison+ symptoms ess5tially ! same z ^? describ$4 ,especially *>act]i/ic is ! e>ly d>k discoloration ( ! sk94 ,symptoms resembl+ nitrob5z5e poison+ 9 g5]al are caus$ by nitroph5ols 7,c,h4,,oh4,,no71 ( :i* p>anitroph5ol is ! mo/ toxic2 also by d9itroph5ols 7,c,h,,no,,oh71 solid cry/all9e sub/ances :i* melt at diff]5t temp]atures1 & ! mono- & di-nitro*lorob5z5es 7,c,h4,cl4,,no & ,c,h4,cl,,no74 ,9 cases ( indu/rial poison+ by d9itroph5ol1 obs]v$ by ,leymann1 ! work]s 7 tak5 sudd5ly ill1 ) symptoms ( collapse1 pa9s 9 ! *e/1 vomit+1 di/ress ( brea?+1 rapid pulse1 & convulsions1 & di$ )9 a few h\rs4 ,at ! autopsy a yell[ sub/ance 0 f\nd ) picric acid reaction :i* appe>$ to be di- or tri-nitroph5ol4 ,9 o!r cases1 "s fatal1 ( indu/rial nitro*lorob5z5e poison+1 also obs]v$ by ,leymann1 ! typical grey-blue discoloration ( ! sk9 0 obvi\s1 & ! *ocolate-br[n col\r ( ! blood produc$ by me?moglob94 ,tr9itroph5ol 7picric acid1 ,c,h,,no,,oh7 is a yell[ cry/all9e comp\nd ) bitt] ta/e2 poison+ by ?is sub/ance exhibits cle>ly /rong local irritant action 7^u sk91 muc\s membrane1 & inte/9al canal1 & especially ^u ! kidneys71 besides effect on ! blood & c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,prolong$ action ( picric acid ^u ! sk9 causes inflammation4 ,absorption ( picric acid du/ causes inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! respiratory passages & symptoms ( ga/ric & inte/9al cat>rh z well z inflammation ( ! kidneys4 ,a jaundice-l discoloration ( ! sk9 & d>k5+ ( ! ur9e are also *>act]i/ic2 sometimes picric acid poison+ produces a ra% resembl+ t ( measles & sc>let fev]4 ,nitronaph?al5e 7,c,h,,no7 & nitronaph?ol 7,c,h4,,no4,,oh7 9 addition to me?moglob9 =mation h an irritant action4 ,x is /at$ also t dulness ( ! cornea is produc$4 ,azob5z5es also1 :i* are to be consid]$ z int]m$iate betwe5 nitrob5z5e & anil9e1 =m me?moglob9 7azob5z5e1 ,c,h,n ,,nh,c74 ,anil9e 7amidob5z5e1 ,c,h4,,nh71 a col\rless1 oily liquid ( aromatic smell1 has only slight local irritant effect4 ,9 ! frequ5t cases ( indu/rial poison+ by #8anil9e oil' or anil9e hydro*loride1 9 :i* ! anil9e ent]s ?r\gh ! sk9 or is inhal$ 9 ! =m ( fume1 !re appe> ! typical symptoms common to ?is gr\p1 ( ! action ^u ! blood ?r\gh me?moglob9 =mation3 heada*e1 weakness1 cyanosis1 difficulty 9 brea?+1 c41 to :i* are add$ n]v\s symptoms su* z convulsions & psy*ical di/urbance1 al?\gh ^! play a subord9ate "p 9 indu/rial poison+4 ,9 sev]e cases ! typical symptoms ( air hung] are %[n4 ,occasionally recov]y only takes place gradually1 & signs ( irritation ( ! kidneys & inflammation ( ! ur9>y organs are se54 ,^! symptoms occur only r>ely 9 acute indu/rial poison+1 b are1 h[ev]1 9 s f> wor?y ( notice because ( ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( tum\rs 9 ! bladd] among anil9e work]s4 ,x is possible t "h ! irritant action ( ! ur9e :i* conta9s anil9e plays a "p4 ,! tum\rs 9 ! bladd] op]at$ ^u1 9 "s cases ) success1 7 _m ( !m non-malignant 7papillomata71 b "s 7 c>c9omata 7canc]\s new gr[?s7 runn+ a malignant c\rse1 & recurr+ aft] op]ation4 ,9 ! ur9e ! anil9e comb9es ) sulphuric acid1 & is p>tly excret$ z p>amidoph5ol sulphuric acid4 ,! treatm5t ( anil9e poison+ is ! same z t = all ! poisons ( ?is gr\p4 ,9 view ( ! occurr5ce ( tum\rs ( ! bladd] 9 anil9e work]s1 !y %\ld be in/ruct$ to seek m$ical aid on ! fir/ indications ( tr\ble1 s t a c>eful cy/oscopic exam9ation may be made4 ,toluid9e 7,c,h4,,*4,,nh71 :i* is mix$ ) anil9e = indu/rial use1 produces ! same symptoms ) m>k$ irritation ( ! r5al organs4 ,( ! nitroanil9es 7,c,h4,,nh4,,no7 p>anitroanil9e is ! mo/ poison\s4 ,*>act]i/ic ( ! action ( ?is comp\nd is me?moglob9 =mation1 c5tral p>alysis & p>alysis ( ! he>t's action4 ,( ! b5z5$iam9es1 p>aph5yl5e diam9e 7,c,h,,nh7 may be reg>d$ z an indu/rial poison4 ,! irritant action ( ?is sub/ance is prom95t2 x induces sk9 affections1 inflammation ( ! muc\s membranes1 m especially ( ! respiratory organs1 & sometimes inflammation ( ! kidneys4 ,!y h be5 not$ 9 work]s us+ ursol z a dye2 "h1 d\btless1 ! action ( diim9e 7,c,h4,,nh4,,nh47 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 :i* arises z an int]m$iate product & ex]cises a m>k$ly irritant action4 ,fur!r1 ! g5]al effect ( p>aph5yl5e diam9e is an irritant "o ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,,app5dix ,,turp5t9e1 ,,pyrid9e ,,bases1 ,,alkaloids ,turp5t9e oil44--,turp5t9e oil is a peculi>-smell+1 col\rless liquid ( ! composition ,c,h2 diff]5t reactions %[ t turp5t9e oil conta9s ! aromatic nucleus 7cym5e74 ,x is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( v>ni%1 & ?us c cause indu/rial poison+ by inhalation ( fumes4 ,ev5 f #c to #d mg4 ( vap\r ( turp5t9e oil p] litre ( air br+s on sev]e symptoms4 ,turp5t9e oil acts z a local irritant1 & :5 absorb$ into ! sy/em has an excit+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,inhalation ( l>ge quantities ( turp5t9e vap\r cause rapid brea?+1 palpitation1 gidd9ess1 /upor1 convulsions1 & o!r n]v\s di/urbances1 pa9s 9 ! *e/1 bron*itis1 & inflammation ( ! kidneys4 ,! la/-m5tion$ symptom also arises f ! *ronic action ( turp5t9e vap\rs4 ,pyrid9e4--,pyrid9e 7,c,h,n71 a col\rless liquid ( peculi> od\r1 is employ$ z well z me?ylalcohol 9 d5atur+ alcohol4 ,! di/urbance ( heal? obs]v$ 9 work]s occupi$ ) ! d5atur$ _s are probably ma9ly due to ! inhalation ( fumes ( me?ylalcohol4 ,pyrid9e is comp>atively innocu\s4 ,eczema1 f :i* p]sons suff] :o come into contact ) d5atur$ _s1 is ascrib$ to ! action ( pyrid9e4 ,l>g] doses produce a p>alys+ effect1 b ?is ne$ n be consid]$ 9 its indu/rial use4 ,nicot9e1 tobacco4--,accord+ to v>i\s publi%$ /atem5ts1 effects among tobacco factory work]s are attribut$ to ! nicot9e conta9$ 9 tobacco du/ & to ! aroma :i* fills ! air4 ,nicot9e 9 l>ge doses has at fir/ an excit+ foll[$ by a p>alys+ effect ^u ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em2 x causes moreov] contraction ( ! un/rip$ muscles & has a local irritant effect4 ,! symptoms ( illness ascrib$ to nicot9e are3 conjunctivitis1 cat>rh ( ! air passages1 palpitation1 heada*e1 want ( appetite1 &1 p>ticul>ly1 t5d5cy to abortion & excessive m5/ruation4 ,sev]e indu/rial poison+ due to nicot9e has only be5 obs]v$ 9 work]s :o *ew$ tobacco leaves4 ,poison\s wood4--,! symptoms ( disease notic$ 9 work]s :o manipulate c]ta9 k9ds ( wood are attribut$ by "s writ]s to ! pres5ce ( alkaloids4 ,su* k z we h ( ! illness due to !m--!y are evid5tly ( ! nature ( poison+--is ref]r$ to at ! end ( ,"p ,i4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,aga9/ ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,i ,,g5]al ,,measures ,9 discuss+ prev5tive measures aga9/ indu/rial poison+ ! d$uctive me?od f ! g5]al to ! p>ticul> w be foll[$4 ,! num]\s in/ances ( poison+ m5tion$ 9 ,"p ,i af=d a practical basis on :i* to =mulate g5]al rules be=e pass+ on to describe special measures4 ,te*nical details w be omitt$1 z !y mu/ be left to ! te*nical exp]t ^: bus9ess x is to draw up ! plans z a :ole & to modify !m accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( individual cases4 ,9 ! ef=t to control indu/rial poison+ & disease x is necess>y to insi/ absolutely on ! conc]t$ action ( all conc]n$4 ,9 ?is co-op]ation e "o is call$ :o ?r\gh 8 k & sph]e ( activity is 9 a position to assi/4 ,! m$ical man comes 9 ) 8 special k ( ! action ( poisons z toxicologi/1 z practis+ physician 7especially z works surgeon & doctor ( ! sick insurance society71 & also 9 an (ficial capacity z appo9t$ surgeon or m$ical (fic] ( heal?2 ! te*nical exp]t comes 9 z eng9e]1 z manag]1 z =eman1 & z factory inspector4 ,b above all ! int]e/ & active co-op]ation ( employ]s & employ$ are ne$$ z well z ! organisations ( bo?4 ,t ! work]s %\ld und]/& & co-op]ate is ess5tial = ! success ( prev5tive measures1 & subsequ5tly x w be %[n 9 :at direction ?is co-op]ation is mo/ necess>y4 ,to make possible su* co-op]ation int]e/ mu/ be ar\s$ & suitable in=mation & tea*+ suppli$ to ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,m$ical m5 & practical work]s require to receive in/ruction 9 indu/rial hygi5e1 & tea*+ on ?is subject %\ld be arrang$ = 9 second>y & te*nical s*ools4 ,m$ical m5 & o!rs :o1 z (ficials & insurance doctors1 are br\ght con/antly into t\* ) indu/rial work]s %\ld h opportunity--by means ( special c\rses & lectures--to keep pace ) advanc+ k 9 ?is direction4 ,beside ^! !re are1 z educative organisations1 special ,in/itutes ( ,indu/rial ,hygi5e & special hospitals = treatm5t ( diseases ( occupation :i* br+ toge!r ! pati5ts & ! tea*+ /aff & s facilitate pursuit ( k & rese>*4 ,a beg9n+ ( ?is k9d has already be5 made by ! ,indu/rial ,hygi5e ,in/itute1 ,frankfurt a4-,ma91 & ! hospital = diseases ( occupation at ,milan1 %[+ t ! ideas are atta9able4 ,int]national ag5cies :i* unite all circles int]e/$ 9 ! subject irrespective ( pr(ession or nationality 9 common int]*ange ( ?\ght & discussion are ( great significance = uni=m developm5t ( ne$ful prev5tive measures2 int]national congresses1 (t5 9 connection ) exhibitions1 h giv5 valuable /imulus & h be5 ! />t+-po9t ( p]man5t int]national societies1 unions1 & organisations4 ,! significance = our inquiry ( ^! int]national ef=ts w be m closely consid]$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,ii ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations ,,on ,,social ,,& ,,legislative ,,measures ,,int]national ,,prev5tive ,,measures1 ,,notification ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poison+1 ,,li/s ,,& ,,s*$ules ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,poisons ,exp]i5ce & inquiry 9 ! field ( indu/rial poison+ l$ to a s]ies ( dem&s :i*1 support$ z !y 7 by a g5]al movem5t = ! protection ( work]s1 7 soon foll[$ by regulations & legislative action4 ,= a long "t ef=ts h be5 direct$ to treat indu/rial disease & poison+ 9 ! same way z has be5 done 9 ! case ( indu/rial accid5ts4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 is att5d$ ) mu* great] difficulty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 uni=m int]national regulation ( que/ions affect+ prev5tion ( disease is call$ = bo? on humanit>ian & economic gr\nds4 ,! idea ( int]national legislation = ! protection ( work]s 0 fir/ moot$ ab\t ! ye> #ahgj4 ,! possibility & ne$ ( su* int]v5tion 0 mu* discuss$ & int]e/ 9 x kept con/antly alive1 especially 9 ,switz]l&1 until ! organisations ( ! work]s took up ! idea4 ,sev]al attempts fail$4 ,9 ,france 9 #ahhc a proposal ( ! ,sociali/ p>ty aim+ at int]national agreem5t on ! subject ( protection ( ! work]s 0 reject$4 ,9 #ahhe 79 opposition to ,h]tl+7 ,pr9ce ,bism>ck express$ himself /rongly aga9/ ! possibility ( su* int]national protection4 ,b ! /one1 once set roll+1 c\ld n be /ay$4 ,9 ! ye>s #ahhf1 #ahhg1 & #ahhh ! ,fr5* & ,engli% trade unions1 z well z ! ,swiss ,f$]al ,c\ncil1 took up ! "q afre%4 ,^! endeav\rs at la/ took tangible %ape 9 ! fir/ ,int]national ,conf]5ce = ! protection ( work]s held 9 ,b]l9 9 ,m>* #ahij4 ,?is date rema9s a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ! subject1 b n until t5 ye>s lat]--#aijj--;did ! ,congress held 9 ,p>is = ! int]national legal protection ( work]s lead to ! e/abli%m5t ( :at _h be5 repeat$ly urg$1 namely1 creation ( an ,int]national ,bureau4 ,?is 0 inaugurat$ at ,basle 9 #aija & =ms ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,national ,associations = ,lab\r ,legislation call$ into be+ 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,?is ,int]national ,association meets regul>ly 9 conf]5ce1 z 9 ,cologne 7#aijb71 ,b]ne 7#aije71 ,luc]ne 7#aijh71 ,lugano 7#aiaj71 & ,zuri* 7#aiab74 ,! que/ions rais$ 9 ! ,int]national ,lab\r ,bureau1 :i* receives f9ancial aid f a numb] ( ,/ates1 are fully & sci5tifically discuss$ ) ! object ( f9d+ a basis on :i* to br+ into agreem5t ! div]g5t laws ( ! diff]5t c\ntries4 ,a fur!r task ( ?is /rictly sci5tific in/itution is ! collection & publication ( lit]ature be>+ on ! protection ( work]s 9 "o & ano!r c\ntry1 di/ribution ( in=mation1 & ! edit+ ( reports & memor&a4 ,! "q ( prev5tion ( indu/rial poison+ has always tak5 a =emo/ place 9 ! programme ( ! ,int]national ,association & 9 ! ag5da ( ! ,int]national ,lab\r ,bureau4 ,at its fir/ meet+ a resolution 0 adopt$ advocat+ ! prohibition ( ! use ( :ite phosphorus & :ite lead1 & ! ,lab\r ,bureau 9 ,basle 0 in/ruct$ to take ! necess>y /eps4 ,special1 if n prohibitive1 economical consid]ations =e%ad[$ difficulties--all ! great] because ! matt] at issue conc]n$ prohibition ( articles play+ a "p 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,j on t acc\nt int]national treatm5t ( su* que/ions is necess>y1 s9ce a peaceful & ord]ly solution c only be arriv$ at on su* l9es4 ,int]national ef=t endeav\rs "h to press ) equal weight on ! c\ntries compet+ ) "o ano!r comm]cially1 s t 9 ! protection ( ! work]s economic adju/m5t is s\ght 9 ord] t ef=ts bas$ on humanit>ian gr\nds %all n at ! same "t cause economic disadvantages1 ! aim be+ to produce g5]al welf>e & n m]ely protection ( "o class at ! exp5se ( ano!r4 ,?r\gh ^! int]national agreem5ts betwe5 v>i\s c\ntries success 9 ! direction aim$ at is hopeful1 & inde$ to a c]ta9 ext5t--z 9 ! phosphorus & lead que/ions--actually atta9$4 ,?us1 = example1 ,g]many & ,italy 7 9 a position to en=ce prohibition ( ! use ( :ite phosphorus e>ly1 :ile _! neighb\r ,au/ria1 on acc\nt ( comm]cial & political consid]ations & ! conditions ( ! home lucif] mat* indu/ry1 has only rec5tly decid$ on prohibition4 ,z int]national agreem5t = ! protection ( work]s is advisable on economic gr\nds1 s also is x reasonable & j f purely humanit>ian reasons t work]s1 )\t ref]5ce to civil condition or nationality1 %\ld be equally protect$4 ,on ?is po9t x is propos$ to take a vote & to press only = ^? re=ms :i* are ?or\ghly s\nd & recognis$ z necess>y4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 su* a compreh5sive attack is precise k ( ! ext5t & s\rce ( orig9 ( ! p>ticul> =ms ( indu/rial poison+ & disease & ! collection ( reliable /ati/ics4 ,?is sugge/$ ! obligation to notify su* cases to ! prop] au?orities 9 ! same way z is n[ done 9 ! case ( infecti\s disease4 ,a motion to ?is effect _h already be5 pass$ at ! ,conf]5ce ( ! ,int]national ,association = ,lab\r ,legislation held 9 ,basle1 & a reque/ 0 made to ! ,lab\r ,bureau to prep>e a li/ ( ! diseases & poison+s 9 "q4 ,to !m we %all ref] lat]1 b a s*$ule is necess>y z a basis to "w ^u4 ,yet ev5 :5 ?is is done !re are obvi\sly great difficulties to be ov]come 9 c>ry+ out ! requirem5t ( notification :5 ! aim is kept 9 m9d ( collect+ complete /ati/ical data = controll+ ! conditions giv+ rise to indu/rial disease4 ,! proposal ( ! ,int]national ,association seeks to make notification obligatory on ! "p bo? ( ! m$ical practition] 9 att5dance & ! occupi]1 & 9 connection ) ?is to secure ! co-op]ation ( ! ,sick ,insurance ,society4,d ,! proposal to require ! appo9t$ surgeons & surgeons ( ! ,insurance ,society to notify all cases is h>dly feasible 9 view ( _! dep5d5t position4 ,nor c ! obligation on ! occupi]s lead to ! desir$ result because ( _! lack ( m$ical k & ! fact t by notify+ !y might be =c$ to act to _! own disadvantage4 ,a successful ef=t 9 ?is direction is record$ 9 ,saxony1 :]e lead poison+ 0 fir/ made a notifiable disease1 & lat] ! g5]al duty ( notification ( indu/rial poison+ 0 prescrib$ by ,ord] dat$ ,m>* #d1 #aija4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,report$ ,cases4,e ,disease & ,indu/ry4 ---------------------------------------- -- #aiab4 #aiaa4 #aiaj4 #aiji4 #aijh4 #aijg4 7#a7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 7#e7 7#f7 7#g7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,lead ,poison+ #ehg 7#ddffi 7#cgeje 7#cheec 7#cjfdf 7#cbegh 7#bf #a4 ,smelt+ ( metals #ef 7#g #dh 7#c #cd 7#e #ff 7#e #gj 7#b #bh 7#b #b4 ,brass works #e #i 7#a #g #e #f #i 7#a #c4 ,%eet lead & lead pip+ #f #ab #d #i 7#b #ad #f #d4 ,plumb+ & sold]+ #ce 7#e #cg 7#b #be 7#a #bh #bg #bj 7#b #e4 ,pr9t+ #cg #cb 7#b #cc 7#d #ba 7#a #cj 7#b #bf 7#c #f4 ,file cutt+ #ac #ah 7#b #i 7#a #h #i 7#b #aj #g4 ,t9n+ #ae 7#aa #ac #ag #bb #aj #be #h4 ,:ite lead #bc #da 7#b #cd 7#a #cb 7#b #gi 7#c #ga #i4 ,r$ lead #c #ac 7#a #aj #aj #ab #g #aj4 ,*9a & e>!nw>e #hj 7#ad #ib 7#f #gg 7#aa #eh 7#eaag 7#abajc 7#i #aj;a4 ,li?o-transf]s #a 7#a #a #a #a #b #aj #aa4 ,glass cutt+ & poli%+ #a 7#a #e -- #d 7#b #c 7#a #d #ab4 ,vitre\s ,enamell+ #e #ai 7#a #ag #g #g #f #ac4 ,electric accumulators #ch 7#a #bd 7#a #ca #bg 7#b #be 7#a #ba #ad4 ,pa9ts & col\rs #ai #ba #ag 7#a #ci 7#b #be #ce 7#a #ae4 ,coa* build+ #hd 7#gajd 7#e #gj 7#f #ie 7#f #gj 7#c #gj 7#c #af4 ,%ip build+ #cd 7#b #cf 7#f #ba 7#b #bg 7#a #ae #bb 7#a #ag4 ,pa9t us$ 9 o!r indu/ries #dh 7#c #ef 7#a #ea 7#c #db #dg 7#a #di 7#b #ah4 ,o!r indu/ries #hd 7#b #hh 7#d #dg 7#c #eb 7#b #gh 7#e #ef 7#b ,phosphorus ,poison+ -- -- -- #c #a #a 7#a ,ars5ic ,poison+ #e #aj 7#a #g #d #bc 7#a #i 7#b ,m]curial ,poison+ #ag #ab #aj 7#a #i #aj #g ,an?rax #dg #fd 7#aa #ea 7#i #ef 7#ab #dg 7#g #eh 7#aa ,wool #ca 7#f #ce 7#aj #bh 7#c #bh 7#c #ah 7#c #bc 7#c ,horsehair #g #h 7#a #f 7#a #h 7#b #aj #ag 7#d ,h&l+ ( hides & sk9s #h #bj #ad 7#c #ah 7#f #ac 7#a #ab 7#b ,o!r indu/ries #a #a #c 7#b #b 7#a #f 7#c #f 7#b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #aijf4 #aije4 #aijd4 #aijc4 #aijb4 #aija4 #aijj4 7#h7 7#i7 7#aj7 7#aa7 7#ab7 7#ac7 7#ad7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,lead #fcb 7#cceib 7#bceig 7#bffad 7#aifbi 7#adhfc 7#cdajeh 7#ch #a4 #ch 7#a #bd 7#a #cc 7#a #cg 7#b #bh #ed 7#c #cd 7#a #b4 #aa #e 7#a #aj 7#a #ae #e #f 7#a #c #c4 #g #i #g #aa #ab #ag #ag 7#a #d4 #af 7#d #bd 7#b #ba 7#c #bf #bc 7#a #bc #i #e4 #af 7#b #ai 7#d #ae #ac 7#b #ai #bc 7#a #ah 7#b #f4 #ae #ab #bj 7#d #bd 7#b #bg 7#a #df 7#g #dj 7#c #g4 #ah 7#a #ad 7#a #aj #ad #aa #aj #e #h4 #ajh 7#g #ij #aaf 7#baji 7#badc 7#aahi 7#g #ceh 7#f #i4 #f #aj #aa #f #ac #ad #ai #aj4 #ajg 7#d #hd 7#cajf 7#d #ig 7#c #hg 7#dajf 7#e #bjj 7#c #aj;a4 #e #e #c #c #b #g #aj #aa4 #d 7#a #c -- #d #h 7#b #aa 7#c #g #ab4 #d #b #c #d #c 7#a #i #aa #ac4 #bf #bg 7#a #cc #bh #af 7#a #di 7#a #cc #ad4 #cg #eg 7#a #cb 7#a #ci 7#a #df #ef #ef 7#a #ae4 #he 7#g #ef 7#c #di 7#d #gd 7#e #fc 7#a #fe 7#d #gj 7#e #af4 #bf 7#a #cb 7#b #dh #bd 7#a #ae 7#a #bh 7#a #cb 7#b #ag4 #cg 7#c #di 7#b #bg 7#c #df 7#a #dd 7#a #fa #ej 7#e #ah4 #ff 7#b #gj 7#a #ec 7#c #dj #fd #hi 7#a #hf 7#d ,phosphorus -- #c 7#a #a 7#a -- #a 7#b #d #c ,ars5ic #e #a #e #e #e #ab 7#a #bb 7#c ,m]curial #d #h #c #h #h #ah #i ,an?rax #fg 7#bb #ei 7#ah #ej 7#aj #dg 7#ab #ch 7#i #ci 7#aj #cg 7#g ,wool #bd 7#h #cd 7#ab #ab 7#a #bj 7#e #ab 7#b #f 7#d #i 7#b ,horsehair #aj 7#d #g 7#a #ab 7#d #g 7#a #aj 7#b #i 7#a #ab 7#c ,hides #ai 7#g #ag 7#d #ah 7#c #ab 7#a #aa 7#e #bj 7#e #i 7#a ,o!r #ad 7#c #a 7#a #h 7#b #h 7#e #e #d #g 7#a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,my own exp]i5ce does n lead me to expect mu* 9 elucidation ( indu/rial diseases f ! ,sick ,insurance ,societies4 ,9 ,au/ria !y make a /ati/ical return z to ! causation ( illness to ! c5tral au?orities4 ,i h myself--9 my capacity z an (ficial ( ! ,/ate ,c5tral ,bo>d--exam9$ ^! 9 ord] to try & ga9 k ( ! ext5t ( indu/rial disease 9 ,bohemia4 ,9 spite ( ! returns drawn up by ! di/rict surgeon :o visits ! factories 9 "q1 x 0 impossible = me to obta9 a complete picture ( ! ext5t ( indu/rial sickness4 ,! reports only give valuable data on :i* to base action 9 p>ticul> cases1 & f ?is /&po9t ,i d n "u-e/imate _! value4 ,b s f> z ! express$ wi% ( ! ,int]national ,association is conc]n$ !y appe> to fulfil x1 inasmu* z = specially dang]\s trades special reports are issu$1 ! ,au/rian law = sick insurance requir+ su* indu/ries to in/itute sep>ate sick insurance funds ) sep>ate /ati/ics4 ,h5ce1 "u pres5t conditions1 ,i d n see h[ ! duty ( notification w be effective4 ,!re rema9s ! endeav\r to secure insurance & ! "r to claim comp5sation = indu/rial disease 9 ! same way z is provid$ = accid5ts4 ,?is po9t 0 fully discuss$ at ! eigh? ,int]national ,congress = ,workm5's ,insurance held 9 ,rome 9 #aijh4 ,!re is no valid gr\nd = grant+ comp5sation only = sudd5 di/urbance ( heal? aris+ 9 ! c\rse ( employm5t by accid5t or acute poison+1 & )hold+ x 9 ! case ( gradual di/urbance ( heal? caus$ equally by ! trade1 z ! effects ( su* *ronic indisposition weigh (t5 no less heavily on ! suff]]4 ,inclusion ( indu/rial disease 9 ! same category z accid5t insurance1 z inde$ has be5 done 9 ,france1 ,switz]l& & ,great ,brita91 has1 ap>t f ! fact t x is dictat$ by fairness & humanity1 ! advantage ( remov+ exi/+ h>d%ip & ( solv+ d\btful cases4 ,correct /ati/ics1 fur!r1 w\ld ?us be obta9able = ! fir/ "t1 & ! employ] by insurance w\ld be fre$ f ! legal proce$+s n[ frequ5tly br\ght aga9/ him = injury due to *ronic indu/rial poison+4 ,& x seems ! m "r & j c\rse to in/itute a g5]al s*eme ( insurance aga9/ indu/rial disease ?an to h rec\rse to an ,employ]'s ,liability ,act 9 ?is or t case1 p>ticul>ly z ! "q (t5 arises 9 reg>d to a disease :i* develops gradually--,9 ^: employm5t 0 ! disease contract$8 ,cle>ly 9 su* a s*eme ( insurance aga9/ bo? accid5t & indu/rial disease only specific indu/rial diseases w\ld be includ$1 i4e4 diseases 9 :i* ! connection ) ! indu/ry c be cle>ly e/abli%$ z due to causes inh]5t 9 ! indu/ry1 & traceable to def9ite mat]ials us$4 ,su* diseases z tub]culosis & ! effects ( du/ inhalation 7bron*itis1 c471 :i* z indu/rial diseases occur only too (t51 _c be call$ specific1 because !y arise outside ! indu/ry & make decision impossible z to :e!r or n 9 a p>ticul> case ! disease ow$ its orig9 to ! occupation4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e :at %\ld be reg>d$ z specific indu/rial poisons x 0 deem$ necess>y to draw up a s*$ule4 ,= "o su* li/ ,somm]feld 79 collaboration ) ,oliv] & ,putzeys7 is responsible1 ,c>ozzi ( ,milan = a second1 & ,fis*],f = a ?ird1 publi%$ 9 #aiaj4 ,^? by ,somm]feld & ,fis*] are con/ruct$ 9 simil> fa%ion--enum]ation ( 7#a7 ! poison\s sub/ance1 7#b7 ! indu/ries 9 :i* x is made or us$1 7#c7 ! *annel ( absorption1 & 7#d7 ! symptoms produc$4 ,somm]feld enum]ates ! poisons 9 alphabetical ord]1 not+ aga9/ ea* ! requisite prev5tive measures1 :ile ,fis*] adopts a *emical classification1 conf9+ himself to g5]al introductory rem>ks z to prev5tion4 ,somm]feld proposes to limit notification to poison+ %>ply def9$ z to ! symptoms set up1 su* z lead1 phosphorus1 m]cury1 ars5ic1 *romium1 c>bonic oxide1 anil9e1 b5z5e1 nitrob5z5e1 c>bon bisulphide1 & nitr\s fumes4 ,?is simplifies ! obligation to notify1 b does n dissipate ! fe>s express$ above z to ! difficulty1 because 9 ! pres5t developm5t ( ! *emical indu/ries new sub/ances involv+ new dang] to ! p]sons h&l+ !m are con/antly be+ discov]$1 & ?us !re c be no f9ality z to :i* indu/rial poison+s %\ld entitle to comp5sation4 ,& if rec\rse 7 _h f "t to "t to additions ( new sub/ances to ! s*$ule1 reliance w\ld h to be plac$ on exp]i5ce ) reg>d to ea* sub/ance add$1 & ?us ! actual individual :o _h suff]$ w\ld n b5efit4 ,fis*]1 inde$1 ackn[l$ges t any s*$ule mu/ be incomplete1 & emphasises ! fact t cont9ual additions w\ld be necess>y2 o!rwise x w\ld be bett] to refra9 altoge!r f publication ( a li/4 ,su* li/s may be valuable guides1 b no sure f\ndation = insurance legislation4 ,! only possible way to d ?is is to give z f> z possible a correct def9ition ( ! indu/rial diseases entitl+ to comp5sation &1 9 isolat$ cases1 to leave ! decision to ! exp]t op9ion ( compet5t judges4 ,ext5sion ( workm5's insurance to cov] *ronic indu/rial poison+ is1 h[ev]1 mo/ desirable 9 ! int]e/ ( employ]s & employ$1 & also ( sci5ce4 ,! ,g]man accid5t insurance legislation is especially suit$ to d ?is1 s9ce ! trade organisations direct _! att5tion n only to ! prev5tion ( accid5ts b ( indu/rial diseases also4 ,,iii ,,special ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,= ,,work]s ,,selection1 ,,*oice ,,( ,,trade1 ,,alt]nation ,,( ,,employm5t1 ,,m$ical ,,control1 ,,safety ,,appliances1 ,,in/ruction ,,& ,,co-,,op]ation ,,( ,,work]s1 ,,clo?+1 ,,att5tion ,,to ,,cleanl9ess1 ,,food1 ,,g5]al ,,welf>e ,z a practical measure 9 protection aga9/ trade risk selection ( ^? capable ( resi/+ dang] has to be consid]$4 ,x is obvi\sly desirable to select = employm5t 9 a dang]\s trade p]sons possess+ p[]s ( resi/ance1 because pr$isposition & resi/ance to ! action ( poisons diff] m>k$ly 9 individuals4 ,to "s ext5t su* a selection comes ( itself1 z ^? :o are v susceptible are oblig$ by repeat$ attacks to give up ! "w4 ,! social & physical mis]y1 undes]v$ loss ( employm5t1 illness1 & p]haps e>ly dea? foll[+ on ?is k9d ( selection might be *eck$ by timely m$ical exam9ation s z to we$ out ! unfit4 ,b m$ical exam9ation prior to admission into a dang]\s trade 7actually practis$ 9 _m indu/ries involv+ risk ( poison+7 inflicts h>d%ip on ^? seek+ employm5t1 & recruits ! ranks ( ! unwill+ly unemploy$4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett] 7 x possible to meet ! ne$ ( selection by p]t95t direction & guidance 9 *oice ( call+4 ,!re %\ld be insi/5ce 9 te*nical s*ools especially on ! dang]s inh]5t 9 c]ta9 indu/ries1 s*ool m$ical exam9ation z to physical qualifications = c]ta9 indu/ries1 & c>eful note made ( individual suitability 9 lab\r bureaus1 appr5tice ag5cies1 & ! l4 ,"y female work]s1 naturally less able to resi/1 %\ld be exclud$ f "w involv+ risk ( poison+--a pr9ciple :i* has be5 act$ on 9 ! legislation ( civilis$ c\ntries4 ,fur!r1 work]s engag$ 9 indu/ries involv+ risk %\ld n be expos$ to ! p]nici\s influ5ce = too long a "t4 ,h5ce ! h\rs ( employm5t %\ld be %ort5$ 9 occupations prov$ to be injuri\s to heal?4 ,an important aid 9 ?is respect is alt]nation ( employm5t4 ,*ange ( occupation is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ :]e ! nature ( ! poison+ ( :i* !re is risk is cumulative 9 action1 because 9 ! int]vals f ! "w ! sy/em w rid itself ( ! accumulat$ /ore4 ,9 ?is way a numb] ( skill$ resi/ant work]s1 famili> ) ! risk & kn[+ h[ to meet x1 w be ma9ta9$4 ,casual lab\r works 9 a vici\s circle--increase ( fre% work]s increases ! dang] & ! numb] ( cases ( poison+1 &1 vice v]sa1 ^! augm5t aga9 ! ne$ ( *ange 9 ! p]sonnel1 s t ! numb] ( cases ( poison+ rises v high4 ,?us ! indu/ry itself may be endang]$1 s9ce its prosp]ity dep5ds ma9ly ^u ! exi/5ce ( a skill$ /aff ( work]s4 ,9 dang]\s trades1 !re=e1 ,h]mann ,web]'s words1 #8,*ange ( "w in/ead ( *ange ( work]s1' h mu* =ce4 ,p]iodical m$ical exam9ation 9 ^! indu/ries _c well be omitt$ 9 ord] to we$ out ! physically unfit1 & to susp5d f "w ^? :o %[ e>ly symptoms4 ,note %\ld be kept ( ! /ate ( heal? ( ! work]s1 ! results ( ! p]iodical m$ical exam9ation1 ! duration ( symptoms1 & ! treatm5t ( any illness t occurs4 ,m$ical sup]vision presupposes special tra9+ & exp]i5ce 9 ! m$ical man entru/$ ) ! task4 ,fur!r1 9 "s indu/ries 9 :i* poison\s mat]ials are us$1 especially su* z set up acute sudd5 poison+1 !re %\ld be a tra9$ /aff compet5t to recognise ! fir/ symptoms ( poison+ & to r5d] fir/ aid1 & hav+ at its disposal adequate means ( rescue4 ,ap>t f ! rescue appliances g5]ally ne$$ 9 dang]\s trades1 /ress mu/ be laid on ! value ( oxyg5 app>atus z a means ( sav+ life4 ,9 addition to :at is ne$$ = ! suff]] !re mu/ be def5sive app>atus at h& = ! rescu]s 7brea?+ helmets1 c471 to facilitate & make safe _! rescue "w :5 9 a poison\s atmosph]e4 ,)\t su* def5sive equipm5t rescu]s %\ld nev] v5ture into gas conduits1 or into any place :]e presumably a poison\s atmosph]e is to be met )4 ,x h>dly requires to be said t 9 dang]\s indu/ries m$ical aid %\ld be )9 easy rea*2 9 l>ge works actual m$ical att5dance may be necess>y4 ,9 acute z well z 9 *ronic cases ( poison+ e>ly m$ical int]v5tion is advisable4 ,h5ce m$ical aid %\ld be s\ght on ! e>lie/ appe>ance ( symptoms1 & ! work]1 !re=e1 %\ld "k ! nature & action ( ! poison ) :i* he comes into contact4 ,?is br+s u to ! subject ( ! education ( ! work] & p>ticul>ly obs]vance ( all ^? rules & regulations 9 :i* 8 co-op]ation is necess>y4 ,?is co-op]ation ( ! work]s is indisp5sable2 x is ! mo/ important condition ( effective def5ce4 ,! be/ regulations & prev5tive measures are wor?less if ! work] does n obs]ve !m4 ,he mu/ be taught _! aim1 ! way ( us+ ! means ( def5ce2 he mu/ be admoni%$ to use !m1 &1 if necess>y1 compell$ to d s4 ,! co-op]ation ( workm5's organisations 9 ?is matt] c avail mu*1 s9ce a workman mo/ readily foll[s ! advice ( a fell[-work]4 ,tea*+ ( ! k9d sugge/$ c be done 9 diff]5t ways4 ,ap>t f lectures & practical c\rses1 concise in/ructions1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( notices or z illu/rat$ plac>ds1 %\ld be po/$ up 9 ! workrooms or h&$ 9 ! =m ( leaflets p>ticul>ly to ! newly employ$4 ,di/ribution ( su* leaflets might well be plac$ z a duty on ! employ]4 ,( prev5tive measures apply+ to ! individual ^? are ( prime importance :i* s]ve to protect ! work]1 z f> z is practicable1 f com+ into contact ) ! poison4 ,protection ( ?is k9d is atta9$ by we>+ suitable clo?+1 use ( respirators1 & c>eful cleanl9ess--especially be=e p>tak+ ( food4 ,x _c be too /rongly urg$ t ^! precautions are a v pot5t def5ce aga9/ ! dang] ( indu/rial poison+1 especially ( ! *ronic =ms1 & 9 tea*+ work]s _! importance mu/ be insi/$ on4 ,x is n suffici5t m]ely to put on ov]alls ov] ! ord9>y clo!s4 ,! ord9>y clo!s mu/ be tak5 (f be=e ! comm5cem5t ( "w1 & work+ suits put on1 to be tak5 (f aga9 be=e ! pr9cipal midday meal & be=e leav+ "w4 ,!y %\ld be made ( smoo?1 durable1 wa%able mat]ial1 & be prop]ly wa%$ & dri$ n less (t5 ?an once a week4 ,!y mu/ be pla9ly cut )\t folds or pockets4 ,direct h&l+ ( ! poison\s sub/ances is to be avoid$1 b :]e ?is is necess>y imp]vi\s gloves may h to be worn1 especially 9 ! case ( poisons :i* c be absorb$ ?r\gh1 or act injuri\sly on1 ! sk94 ,if !re is risk ( spla%+ or spill+ ( poison\s liquids on to ! clo!s1 imp]meable or p>tly imp]meable ov]alls 7aprons1 c47 %\ld be worn4 ,! obligation ( provid+ ! ov]alls or work+ suits falls naturally on ! employ] 9 indu/ries :]e poison\s sub/ances are us$1 & !re is equally obligation on ! employee to use ! articles provid$4 ,suitable cloakroom accommodation is ess5tial1 by :i* is meant room n only to *ange clo!s ) cupbo>ds or hooks on "o side = clo?+ tak5 (f on comm5cem5t ( "w & on ! o!r ! work+ suits1 b also ample wa%+ accommodation4 ,^! cupbo>ds %\ld be d\ble1 t is1 be divid$ by a p>tition into two p>ts1 "o s]v+ = ! ord9>y & ! o!r = ! work+ clo!s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,alum9ium ,respirator ,protection ( ! respiratory organs c to "s ext5t be obta9$ by s-call$ respirators worn ov] ! m\? & nose4 ,(t5 !y consi/ simply ( a moi/ sponge or folds ( clo?1 or aga9 may be complicat$ air-pro( affairs enclos+ m\? & nose1 or ! :ole face l a mask1 or ev5 ! head l a helmet2 !y fit close1 & ! ap]ture = respir$ air is provid$ ) filt]+ mat]ial 7cotton wool1 c47 plac$ betwe5 two lay]s ( wire gauze4 ,! out] lay] ( ! gauze moves on a h+e1 s t ! filt]+ mat]ial c be r5ew$ aft] ea* "t t x has be5 us$4 ,! con/ruction ( respirators is extraord9>ily v>i$4 ,"o =m is illu/rat$4 ,!y mu/ be light1 & 9 ord] n to ob/ruct brea?+ s]i\sly !y are (t5 provid$ ) valves--clos+ dur+ inspiration & op5+ dur+ exhalation4 ,g5]ally ! respirators 9 common use d n q satisfactorily fulfil ! conditions requir$4 ,aft] a "t ! pressure becomes irksome1 ! face becomes hot1 brea?+ m difficult1 & discom=t f we>+ !m unbe>able4 ,respirators are only to be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( second>y aids & = occasional use4 ,dur+ tempor>y exposure to an atmosph]e *>g$ ) poison\s du/ ! we>+ ( an effici5t app>atus--pref]ably "o protect+ ! head--is v desirable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,smoke ,helmet1 ,flexible ,tub+1 & ,foot ,bell[s 7,siebe1 ,gorman ,co47 ,respirators af=d no protection1 or a v imp]fect "o1 aga9/ dang]\s gases or fumes4 ,if soak$ ) an absorb+ or neutralis+ fluid !y c sc>cely be worn = any l5g? ( "t4 ,9 an atmosph]e *>g$ ) poison\s gas rec\rse %\ld be _h ei!r to a smoke helmet ) flexible tub+ & bell[s or to an oxyg5 brea?+ app>atus s con/ruct$ t ! workman c>ries ! necess>y supply ( oxyg5 ) him 9 a knapsack on 8 back4 ,9 ! latt] case oxyg5 f a compress$ cyl9d] ( ! gas is convey$ to ! brea?+ mask1 s t respiration is indep5d5t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--;,diagram ( ,draeg] #aiaj-aa1 ,patt]n ,h 7,r4 ,jacobson7 ,p ,alkali c>tridges2 ,k ,cool]2 ,c ,aspirat+ pipe2 ,l ,purifi$ air2 ,l ,expir$ air4 ,! mode ( work+ is repres5t$ diagrammatically 9 figs4 #cg & #dj4 ,aft] putt+ on ! helmet1 ! bag is fir/ fill$ ) fre% air1 ! air valve is !n clos$1 & ! valve ( ! oxyg5 cyl9d] unscrew$ s z to p]mit ( ! fl[ ( ! oxyg5 :i*1 mixes ) ! air 9 ! bag1 & beg9s to circulate2 ! expir$ air passes ?r\gh ! cau/ic pota% pellets ,p1 :i* free x ( c>bonic acid gas1 s t1 ) a fre% supply ( oxyg5 f ! cyl9d] ?r\gh ! pipe ,c1 x is reg5]at$ & made fit = brea?+ aga94 ,! pressure 9 ! cyl9d] is measur$ by a manomet]1 :i* indicates also :5 ! supply ( oxyg5 gives out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,%[+ ! ,pota% ,c>tridge ,no4 #b ) ,*ange ,me*anism ,x2 ,no4 #b ,oxyg5 ,cyl9d] ) ,spann] ,v2 & on ! ,left a ,hexagonal ,socket ,u1 = unscrew+ ! ,lock+ ,nuts ( ,res]ve ,cyl9d]s 7,r4 ,jacobson7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--#8,proto' pat5t self-conta9$ brea?+ app>atus 7,siebe1 ,gorman ,co47 ,ano!r app>atus--! #8,proto' pat5t self-conta9$ brea?+ app>atus 7,fleuss-,davis pat5ts7--is also illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #ci4 ,illu/ration #dj gives a diagrammatic view ( ! pr9ciple ^u :i* x is design$4 ,! in/ructions = us+ ! #8,proto' app>atus are z foll[s3 ,! oxyg5 cyl9d]s 7,b1 ,b71 hav+ be5 *>g$ ) oxyg5 ?r\gh ! nipple at 7,h7 to a pressure ( #abj atmosph]es 7ab\t #ahjj lbs4 p] squ>e in*71 are to be re-atta*$ to ! belt z %[n1 & ! r$uc+ valve1 ) its tubes1 c41 is to be connect$ to ! nipple at 7,h74 ,?is supply is suffici5t = fully two h\rs4 ,*>g+ ! brea?+ bag4--,put #d lbs4 ( /ick cau/ic soda into ! bag 7,d71 i4e4 #b lbs4 into ea* comp>tm5t1 & imm$iately fa/5 ! m\? ( ! bag by means ( ! clamps & w+ nuts 7,o74 ,if ! app>atus is n to be us$ at once1 b is to be hung up = use at "s future "t1 ! indi>ubb] plug :i* is suppli$ ) ! app>atus %\ld be tightly fitt$ into ! m\?piece 9 ord] to prev5t access ( air to ! cau/ic soda1 & to pres]ve x until requir$ = use4 ,see t ! inlet & outlet valves 7,t & ,s7 & ! connection 7,n7 are screw$ up tightly4 ,! small relief valve 7,k7 is only to be op5$ 7by press+ x ) ! f+]7 :5 ! bag becomes unduly inflat$ ?r\gh excess ( oxyg54 ,?is may occur f "t to "t1 z ! r$uc+ valve is set to deliv] m ?an ! we>] actually requires4 ,equipm5t4--,! :ole app>atus is support$ ^u a broad belt :i* is /rapp$ r\nd ! body4 ,! bag is also hung by a pair ( %\ld] braces4 ,! we>] hav+ put ! equipm5t ov] 8 %\ld]s1 fa/5s ! belt & takes ! plug out ( ! m\?piece4 ,! mom5t ! m\?piece is put into ! m\? or ! mask is adju/$1 ! ma9 valve 7,h7 is to be op5$ n m ?an "o turn & ! necess>y supply ( oxyg5 w !n fl[ into ! bag4 ,x is advisable to op5 ! by-pass 7,i7 to inflate p>tially ! brea?+ bag 7,d7 = a />t1 b ?is valve %\ld aga9 be screw$ up q tight & n t\*$ aga91 except 9 ! case ( em]g5cy z previ\sly describ$ %\ld ! bag become deflat$4 ,brea?+ w !n g on com=tably4 ,%\ld ! by-pass 7,i7 on ! r$uc+ valve 7,c7 get out ( ord] !n ! we>] %\ld turn on ! by-pass 7,i7 f "t to "t to give himself ! necess>y quantity ( oxyg51 b1 z /at$ above1 ?is is only to be done 9 case ( deflation ( ! bag4 ,! be/ guide z to ! quantity ( oxyg5 to admit 9 ! above circum/ances is ! degree ( inflation ( ! brea?+ bag4 ,x w be f\nd to be q satisfactory if ! bag be kept mod]ately di/5d$4 ,aft] us+ ! app>atus4--,! cau/ic soda %\ld at once be ?r[n away1 b if x is neglect$ & ! soda becomes cak$1 x mu/ be dissolv$ out ) w>m wat] be=e putt+ 9 a fre% supply4 ,cau/ic soda w n damage vulcanis$ indi>ubb]1 b x w damage canvas & lea!r1 & w burn ! sk9 if all[$ to rema9 ^u x4 ,if ! app>atus is to be us$ aga9 at once1 x c be re*>g$ ) cau/ic soda at once1 b if x is only to be *>g$ ready = use at "s future "t ! indi>ubb] bag %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ out ) w>m wat] & dri$ inside ) a clo? or t[el4 ,:5 empty+ or re*>g+ ! rubb] bag ) cau/ic soda1 x mu/ always be remov$ f ! canvas bag4 ,aft] use ea* day1 x is advisable to wa% ! rubb] m\?piece 7or mask1 z ! case may be7 ) yell[ soap & wat]4 ,?is acts z a pres]vative to ! indi>ubb]4 ,e man :o is to use ! app>atus %\ld h 8 own m\?piece & noseclip1 or mask1 z ! case may be1 "u 8 own special c>e1 bo? = sanit>y reasons & s t he may %ape & adju/ ! mask to fit himself com=tably & air-tightly1 to su* an ext5t t if ! outlets are /opp$ up by ! h&s :ile ! mask is held 9 position by its b&s no brea? c pass 9 or out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--#8,proto' ,pat5t ,self-brea?+ ,app>atus 7,siebe1 ,gorman ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,arrangem5t ( ,cloak-room1 ,wa%+ & ,ba? ,accommodation1 & ,meal-room 9 a ,:ite ,lead ,factory ,:]e poison\s sub/ances giv+ (f du/ or fumes are us$1 regul> wa%+ & r9s+ ! m\? 7especially be=e meals & on leav+7 is ( great importance4 ,naturally ! wa%+ conv5i5ces 7bas9s1 soap1 bru%es1 t[els7 mu/ be suffici5t & suitable1 & ! work]s in/ruct$ z to ! importance ( cleanl9ess by ! =eman4 ,!y %\ld be urg$ to ba? 9 rotation1 & "t = x %\ld be all[$ dur+ work+ h\rs4 ,! tak+ ( meals & use ( tobacco 9 ! workrooms mu/ be prohibit$4 ,meal rooms %\ld be s arrang$ z to be contigu\s to ! cloakroom & wa%+ accommodation1 ! work] ga9+ access to ! meal room ?r\gh ! cloakroom & ba?room4 ,! arrangem5t describ$ is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #da4 ,! meal room s]ves also ! purpose ( a sitt+-room dur+ int]vals ( "w1 & x goes )\t say+ t cloakroom & lavatory accommodation are z necess>y 9 small z 9 l>ge premises4 ,simple lavatory bas9s ( smoo? imp]vi\s surface fitt$ ) a wa/e pipe & plug1 or tipp+ bas9s1 are recomm5d$ 9 pref]5ce to tr\ghs :i* c be us$ by sev]al p]sons at once4 ,tr\ghs1 h[ev]1 )\t a plug1 & ) jets ( w>m wat]1 are free f objection4 ,! d\*e ba? has _m advantages = workm5 ov] ! slipp] ba?4 ,! initial co/ is comp>atively small1 s t x c be plac$ at ! disposal ( ! work]s at v small outlay4 ,ma9t5ance & cleanl9ess ( d\*e ba?s are m easily secur$ ?an ( o!r k9ds1 :]e *ang+ ! wat] & keep+ ! ba? 9 good ord] involve "t & exp5se4 ,a dress+-room %\ld =m "p ( ! d\*e or slipp] ba? equipm5t4 ,walls & floors mu/ be imp]vi\s &1 pref]ably1 l9$ ) smoo? tiles or cem5t4 ,x is bett] t ! %[] ba? %\ld be "u ! control ( ! work] by a *a9 r ?an be set 9 motion by means ( me*anism :5 trodd5 ^u4 ,! arrangem5t ( ba?s is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #dc4 ,9 _m l>ge works l>ge ba? build+s h be5 erect$4 ,fig4 #dd is a plan ( ! spl5did ba? arrangem5ts at ! col\r works ( ,messrs4 ,lucius1 ,mei/] ,brn+ ( ,h*/ a4-,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,good ,wa%+ & ,ba? ,accommodation 9 a ,lead ,smelt+ ,works ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,wa%+ ,tr\gh1 ,d\*e ,ba?s1 & ,clo!s ,cupbo>ds1 ,type common on ! ,cont95t ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,a4--,ba?s 9 ! ,h*/ ,anil9e ,works 7aft] ,gr&homme7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,b4--,gr\nd ,floor ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd;,c4--,fir/ ,floor4 a1 c1 ,ba?s 7slipp] & d\*e7 = workm52 b1 ,wa%+ accommodation = workm52 d1 e1 ,ba?s = (ficials2 g1 ,att5dant's qu>t]s2 f1 ,hot air 7,turki%7 ba?s2 i1 ,w>m wat] res]voir4 ,naturally ma9t5ance ( ! g5]al heal? by good n\ri%+ diet is "o ( ! be/ means ( def5ce aga9/ onset ( *ronic indu/rial poison+4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 x has be5 notic$ t ill-f$ work]s spe$ily succumb to doses ( poison :i* well-n\ri%$ work]s c resi/4 ,x is n our prov9ce "h to discuss fully ! diet ( a work+-class population4 ,we m]ely /ate t x is a matt] ( vital importance to ^? employ$ 9 dang]\s trades4 ,! "q ( a suitable dr9k = work]s to take ! place ( alcohol calls = special att5tion1 z1 :5 complicat$ ) alcoholism1 bo? acute & *ronic poison+s entail m s]i\s results ?an !y o!rwise w\ld d4 ,ov]-indulg5ce 9 alcohol1 ow+ to its effect on ! kidneys1 liv]1 dige/ion1 n]v\s sy/em1 & p[] ( assimilation g5]ally1 requires to be *eck$ 9 e way possible4 ,ap>t f good dr9k+ wat]1 milk1 c(fee1 tea1 fruit juices & ! l1 are excell5t4 ,milk is especially recomm5d$1 & %\ld be suppli$ gratis to work]s 9 dang]\s trades1 notably :]e !re is risk ( lead poison+4 ,la/ly1 o!r features su* z games & ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 :i* help to /r5g!n bodily heal?1 mu/ n be =gott54 ,9 ?is connection mu* good "w has already be5 done by employ]s' & work]s' organisations4 ,,iv ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples1 ,,sub/itutes ,,= ,,dang]\s ,,mat]ials1 ,,cleanl9ess ,,( ,,workrooms1 ,,cubic ,,space1 ,,v5tilation1 ,,removal ,,( ,,du/ ,,& ,,fumes ,prev5tive measures aga9/ indu/rial poison+ aim at an unatta9able goal ( s arrang+ indu/rial processes t employm5t ( poison\s sub/ances w\ld be :olly avoid$4 ,su* an ideal mu/ be aim$ at :]ev] practicable4 ,prohibition ( direct h&l+ ( poison\s sub/ances is also sometimes dem&$1 :i* presupposes 7al?\gh x is n always ! case7 t ?is is unnecess>y or c be made unnecess>y by suitable me*anical appliances4 ,we h to be cont5t$1 !re=e1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) removal ( injuri\s du/ & fumes z quickly z possible at ! po9t :]e !y are produc$1 & regulations = ! protection ( work]s f indu/rial poison+ deal ma9ly ) ! "q ( ! prev5tion ( air contam9ation & removal ( contam9at$ air4 ,sub/itution ( non-injuri\s = injuri\s processes is only possible 9 s f> z use ( ! h>mless process gives te*nically z good results z ! o!r4 ,if su* a sub/itute c be f\nd let x be /riv5 =4 ,m5tion has already be5 made ( int]national prohibition ( c]ta9 sub/ances1 & att5tion has be5 drawn to economical consid]ations affect+ ?is po9t4 ,prohibition obvi\sly may p>alyse bran*es ( indu/ry & hit heavily bo? employ]s & employ$4 ,! skill$ tra9$ work]s are j ! ones to suff]1 s9ce !y are no long] 9 a position to take up ano!r equally remun]ative trade4 ,judgm5t has to be ex]cis$ be=e en=c+ new regulations 9 ord] t good & n h>m may foll[4 ,if a satisfactory sub/itute be discov]$ = me?ods ( "w injuri\s to heal?1 !n ways & means w be f\nd to make ! alt]ation 9 ! process economically possible4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 dem& sacrifice on ! "p ( employ]s & employ$1 b ! progress is wor? ! sacrifice4 ,! foll[+ are in/ances ( sub/itution ( safe processes = ^? involv+ risk3 g5]ation ( du/ c sometimes be avoid$ by a #8wet' me?od 7wat]+ ( :ite lead *amb]s1 gr9d+ pulp lead ) oil1 damp+ ( smelt+ mixtures1 c472 ! nitrate ( silv] & ammonia process has replac$ ! t9 & m]cury amalgam us$ 9 silv]+ ( mirrors2 electroplat+ in/ead ( wat] gild+ 7coat+ objects ) m]cury amalgam & subsequ5tly volatilis+ ! m]cury72 enamell+ ) leadless in/ead ( lead enamels2 use ( air in/ead ( m]cury pumps 9 produc+ ! vacuum 9 inc&esc5t electric lamps4 ,deal+ fur!r ) ! sanitation ( ! factory & work%op aft] p]sonal cleanl9ess1 ! next mo/ important measure is cleanl9ess ( ! workroom & purity ( ! air4 ,workrooms %\ld be light & l(ty2 & h floors con/ruct$ ( smoo? imp]vi\s mat]ial easily kept clean4 ,! walls %\ld be lime-wa%$ or pa9t$ ) a :ite oil pa9t4 ,angles & corn]s :i* c h>b\r dirt %\ld be r\nd$4 ,cleans+ requires to be done z c>efully & z (t5 z possible1 pref]ably by wa%+ d[n or by a vacuum clean]4 ,saturation ( ! floor ) du/ oil is recomm5d$ by "s au?orities 9 trades :]e poison\s du/ is develop$ & is p]mitt$ z an alt]native to ! me?ods describ$4 ,i refra9 f express+ an op9ion on ?is me?od ( lay+ du/1 s9ce by adoption ( ! practice insi/5ce on ! ne$ = removal ( ! poison\s mat]ial f ! workrooms loses its =ce--a ?+1 9 my op9ion1 to be deprecat$4 ,! necessity ( keep+ ! atmosph]e ( workrooms pure & fre% makes x ess5tial t !re %\ld be suffici5t cubic space p] p]son & t prop] circulation ( ! air %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,! m9imum am\nt ( cubic space legally fix$ 9 _m c\ntries--#aj-ae cubic metres--is a m9imum & %\ld be greatly exce$$ :]e possible4 ,natural v5tilation :i* is dep5d5t ^u w9d[s1 porosity ( build+ mat]ials1 cracks 9 ! floors1 c41 fails :51 z is desirable = purposes ( cleanl9ess1 walls & floors are made ( smoo? imp]meable mat]ial1 & natural v5tilation w r>ely supply ! requisite cubic feet ( fre% air quickly en\gh4 ,ord9>ily1 "u conditions ( natural v5tilation1 ! air 9 a workroom is r5ew$ 9 f "o to two h\rs4 ,artificial v5tilation !re=e becomes imp]ative4 ,natural v5tilation by op5+ w9d[s & doors c only be practis$ 9 int]vals ( "w & z a rule only 9 small workrooms4 ,dur+ "w "t ! draught & r$uction ( temp]ature s caus$ produce discom=t4 ,artificial v5tilation is effect$ by special op5+s & ducts plac$ at "s suitable spot 9 ! room to be v5tilat$ & arrang$ s t ei!r fre% air is introduc$ or air extract$ f ! room4 ,! fir/ me?od is call$ propulsion1 ! latt] exhau/ v5tilation4 ,v>i\s ag5cies w produce a draught 9 ! v5tilat+ ducts1 namely1 diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 ! outside & inside air1 :i* c be artificially /r5g!n$ 7a7 by utilis+ ! action ( ! w9d1 7b7 by heat+ ! air 9 ! exhau/ duct1 7c7 by heat+ app>atus1 & 7d7 by me*anical p[] 7use ( fans74 ,:]e advantage is tak5 ( ! action ( ! w9d ! exit to ! v5tilat+ duct mu/ be fitt$ ) a c[l4 ,! draught 9 pipes is mat]ially increas$ if !y are l$ into furnace flues or *imneys2 9 c]ta9 cases !re is advantage 9 con/ruct+ p]p5dicul> v5tilat+ %afts 9 ! build+ ext5d+ above ! ro( & fitt$ ) c[ls4 ,comb9ation ( heat+ & v5tilation is v effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,/eam ,injector 7aft] ,krt+71 %[+ /eam injector & air entry ,9 workrooms1 h[ev]1 :]e !re is dang] ( poison+ by f> ! mo/ effective me?od ( v5tilation is by means ( fans driv5 by me*anical p[]4 ,all ! means = secur+ artificial v5tilation hi!rto m5tion$ dep5d on a numb] ( factors 7w9d1 diff]5ce ( temp]ature1 c471 ! influ5ce ( :i* is n always 9 ! direction desir$4 ,exact regulation1 h[ev]1 is possible by fans1 & ! quantity ( air introduc$ or extract$ c be accurately calculat$ be=eh& 9 plann+ ! v5tilation4 ,9 draw+ up su* a plan1 detail+ ! arrangem5t1 proportions ( ! ma9 & bran* ducts1 exp5diture ( p[]1 c41 a v5tilat+ eng9e] %\ld be consult$1 z x is 8 bus9ess to deal ) complicat$ problems ( v5tilation dep5d+ entirely = success on ! design ( ! v5tilation4 ,injectors are usually only employ$ = special te*nical or economical reasons4 ,a jet ( /eam or compress$ air :i* acts on ! injector creates a p>tial vacuum & s produces a p[]ful exhau/ beh9d4 ,fig4 #de %[s ! me*anism ( an injector4 ,!y are us$ = exhau/+ acid fumes :i* w\ld corrode metal fans & pipes1 & = explosive du/ mixtures :]e fans are inadmissible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,propell] ,fan c\pl$ to ,electromotor 7,davidson ,co41 ,ltd47 ,9 ! indu/ries describ$ 9 ?is book fans are mo/ commonly us$4 ,^! are1 9 ! ma91 :eels ) two or m w+-%ap$ flatt5$ blades4 ,"s are encas$1 o!rs are op5 & fitt$ by means ( annul> frames 9 ! ducts accord+ to ! int5d$ effect & k9d ( fan4 ,fans are ( two k9ds1 propell] & c5trifugal1 &1 accord+ to ! pressure !y ex]t1 ( l[1 m$ium1 or high pressure4 ,!y are n[ (t5 driv5 electrically1 9 :i* case !re is advantage 9 c\pl+ !m directly ) ! motor4 ,propell] fans h curv$ screw-%ap$ blades & are set at "r angles 9 ! duct ^u ! column ( air 9 :i* !y act by suction4 ,! air is mov$ 9 ! direction ( ! axis ( ! fan1 & g5]ally x is possible1 by rev]s+ ! action1 to =ce air 9 in/ead ( extract+ x4 ,! draught produc$ is a l[-pressure "o 7g5]ally less ?an #ae mm4 ( wat]74 ,! curr5t ( air set 9 motion travels at a relatively sl[ spe$1 yet su* fans are capable1 :5 suitably proportion$1 ( mov+ l>ge volumes ( air4 ,propell] fans are specially suitable = ! g5]al v5tilation ( rooms :5 ! necess>y *ange ( air is n be+ effect$ by natural means4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--,! ,blackman 7,belt-driv57 ,fan4 ,c5trifugal or high-pressure fans 7see figs4 #dh;,a & #dh;,b7 are always encas$ 9 su* a way t ! exhau/ ducts ent] on "o or bo? sides ( ! axis4 ,! air ?us drawn 9 is ?r[n by ! quickly rotat+ num]\s /raight blades to ! p]iph]y & escapes at ! outlet4 ,! c5trifugal fan travels at a great spe$1 & ! air curr5t has !re=e great velocity & high pressure4 ,:5 ! pressure is less ?an #abj mm4 x is describ$ z a m$ium1 & :5 great]1 a high-pressure fan4 ,= ! =m] a galvanis$ iron cas+ suffices2 = ! latt] ! cas+ requires to be ( ca/ iron4 ,m$ium pressure c5trifugal fans are us$ to exhau/ du/ or fumes locally f ! po9t at :i* !y are produc$4 ,!y play a great "p 9 indu/rial hygi5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh;,a4--#8,sirocco' ,c5trifugal ,fan ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh;,b4--,%[+ exhau/ ap]ture & fan blades ,high-pressure fans are us$ ma9ly = te*nical purposes1 z1 = example1 ! driv+ ( air or gas at high pressure4 ,localis$ v5tilation is ne$$ to limit diffusion ( du/ & fumes1 :i* is atta9$ 9 a measure also by sep>ation ( ^? workrooms 9 :i* p]sons come into contact ) poison\s mat]ials f o!rs4 ,sep>ation ( workrooms1 h[ev]1 is n en\gh1 z x is ! individual :o manipulates ! poison = :om protection is desir$4 ,to enclose or hood ov] a du/y ma*9e or fume-produc+ app>atus completely1 or to close h]metically a :ole s]ies ( op]ations by complicat$ te*nical arrangem5ts1 is only possible :5 no op5+ or h& fe$+ is requir$4 ,dang]\s sub/ances c only be :olly %ut 9 by sub/itution ( ma*9]y = h&work4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,localis$ ,exhau/ ,v5tilation 9 a ,col\r ,factory 7,/urtevant ,eng9e]+ ,co41 ,ltd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej;,a4 ,,fig4 #ej;,b4 ,ball ,mills ,:]e1 h[ev]1 absolute contact is unavoidable ! du/ or fume mu/ be c>ri$ away at its s\rce4 ,?is is done by exhau/ v5tilation1 locally appli$1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a suitable hood or air guide ( metal or wood is arrang$ ov] ! po9t :]e ! du/ is produc$1 leav+ z small an op5+ z possible = necess>y manipulations4 ,! hood is connect$ ) a duct ?r\gh :i* ! curr5t ( air travels4 ,an exhau/ curr5t dep5d5t ^u heat w only suffice 9 ! case ( slight developm5t ( du/ or fumes4 ,z a rule exhau/ by a fan is necess>y4 ,:]e exhau/ v5tilation has to be arrang$ at sev]al po9ts all ^! are connect$ up by bran* ducts ) ! ma9 duct & c5trifugal fan4 ,:]e ! ducts lie ne> ! floor x is advisable to fix adju/able op5+s 9 !m close to ! floor to remove ! sweep+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--,v5tilat$ ,pack+ ,ma*9e 7aft] ,albre*t7 ,a ,worm2 ,b ,collector2 ,d ,fan2 ,e ,filt] bag2 ,j1 ,f ,movable %utt]s2 ,h ,jolt+ arrangem5t ,x is important = ! exhau/ sy/em ( v5tilation to be design$ 9 g5]al s t ! du/ is drawn away f ! face ( ! work] d[nw>ds & backw>ds4 ,_m horrible arrangem5ts are f\nd 9 :i* ! du/ is fir/ aspirat$ pa/ ! m\? & nose be=e x is drawn into a hood ov]head4 ,! proportions ( ! bran* pipes to ! ma9 duct require to be ?\ght out1 & friction & resi/ance to ! fl[ mu/ be r$uc$ z f> z possible by avoidance ( %>p b5ds4 ,bran* pipes %\ld ent] ! ma9 duct at an angle ( ?irty degrees4 ,a completely satisfactory sy/em requires v special k & (t5 mu* +5uity :5 ! app>atus is complicat$4 ,dis9tegrators & edge runn]s c g5]ally be cov]$ 9 & ! cov] connect$ ) an exhau/4 ,ball mills1 :5 possible1 are be/ z ! rotat+ iron cyl9d] conta9+ ! /eel balls & ! mat]ial to be pulv]is$ is h]metically clos$4 ,p[d]$ mat]ial c be c>ri$ me*anically f "o place to ano!r by worms1 screws1 endless b&s1 or be driv5 9 clos$ pipes by means ( compress$ air4 ,! inevitable production ( du/ 9 pack+ c be avoid$ by ! use ( v5tilat$ pack+ ma*9es1 :i* are especially necess>y 9 ! case ( :ite lead1 bi*romates1 basic slag1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,! difficulty is great 9 prev5t+ du/ 9 siev+ & mix+1 s9ce ?is is ma9ly done by h&4 ,/ill "h1 = example1 by use ( cases ) arm-holes & upp] glass cov]1 injury to heal? c be m9imis$4 ,b5*es ) a wire scre5 & duct ?r\gh :i* a d[nw>d exhau/ passes are useful 9 sort+ op]ations 7fig4 #eb74 ,fig4 #ec illu/rates a gr9d+ or poli%+ :eel fitt$ ) localis$ exhau/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,remov+ ,du/ f ,bobs & ,mops 7,james ,kei? ,blackman ,co41 ,ltd4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice7 ,to prev5t escape ( injuri\s gases all /ills & furnaces mu/ be kept z airtight z possible & pref]ably "u a slight negative pressure4 ,agitators mu/ be enclos$ & %\ld be fitt$ ) arrangem5ts = c>ry+ on ! "w me*anically or by means ( compress$ air &1 if necess>y1 exhau/ v5tilation appli$ to !m4 ,! aim %\ld be to enclose entirely dry+ & extract+ app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--#8;,cyclone' ,sep>ator 7,mat!ws ,yates1 ,ltd47 ,an important "q rema9s z to :at %all be done ) ! du/ & fumes extract$4 ,9 _m cases !y _c be all[$ to escape into ! atmosph]e outside1 & 9 ! int]e/s ( economy recov]y & utilisation ( ! wa/e is ! ?+ to aim at4 ,?is vital subject c only receive b>e/ m5tion "h4 ,! du/ or fumes extract$ require to be subject$ to processes ( purification ) a view to recov]y ( ! (t5 valuable solid or gase\s con/itu5ts & de/ruction ( ^? )\t value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee;,a4 ,,fig4 #ee;,b4 ,du/-filt] ( ,be?-,lbeck 7aft] ,albre*t7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,du/-filt] ( ,be?-,lbeck--,detail ,collection ( du/ may take place 9 settl+ *amb]s z 9 a cyclone sep>ator 9 :i* ! air to be purifi$ is made to travel r\nd ! int]ior ( a cone-%ap$ metal receptacle1 deposit+ ! du/ 9 its passage 7see fig4 #ed74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,arrangem5t = ,precipitat+ ,du/ 7aft] ,leymann7 ,a ,entry ( du/ lad5 air2 ,b ,fan2 ,c ,purifi$ air2 ,d ,pipe c>ry+ away wat] & la/ traces ( du/2 ,e ,worm c>ry+ away collection ( du/4 ,! mo/ effective me?od1 h[ev]1 is filtration ( ! air ?r\gh bags ( canvas or o!r suitable fabric z 9 ! #8,be?' filt] 7see figs4 #ee & #ef74 ,9 ! #8,be?' filt] a me*anical knock+ app>atus %akes ! du/ f ! bag to ! bottom ( ! cas+1 :]e a worm automatically c>ries x to ! collect+ receptacle4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( me*anical knock+ ! filt]+ mat]ial becomes clogg$ & increases ! resi/ance 9 ! sy/em4 ,contrivances ( ! k9d un9tellig5tly con/ruct$ become a s\rce ( dang] to ! work]s4 ,du/ ( no value is usually precipitat$ by be+ made to pass ?r\gh a t[] d[n :i* a f9e spray ( wat] falls4 ,if ! gases & fumes c be utilis$ !y are ei!r absorb$ or cond5s$--a proc$ure ( ! utmo/ importance = ! protection ( ! work]s4 ,cond5sation ( ! gases into a liquid is effect$ by cool+ & is an ess5tial "p ( all processes associat$ ) di/illation4 ,! necess>y cool+ is effect$ ei!r by caus+ ! vap\rs to circulate ?r\gh coils ( pipes surr\nd$ by cold wat] or by an increase 9 ! cond5s+ surface 7ext5sion ( walls1 c471 & artificial cool+ ( ! walls by runn+ wat]4 ,absorption ( gases & fumes by fluids 7less (t5 by solid sub/ances7 is effect$ by bubbl+ ! gas ?r\gh vessels fill$ ) ! absorb+ liquid or conduct+ x ?r\gh t[]s 7pack$ ) coke1 fl9ts1 c471 or *amb]s d[n or ?r\gh :i* ! absorb5t fl[s4 ,su* absorption t[]s & *amb]s are frequ5tly plac$ 9 s]ies4 ,! mat]ial ?us recov]$ by cond5sation & absorption may prove to be a valuable bye-product4 ,frequ5tly ! gases 7z 9 bla/ furnace gas1 coke ov5s1 c47 are l$ away directly = heat+ boil]s1 or1 z 9 ! spelt] manufacture1 to make sulphuric acid4 ,v ,,prev5tive ,,regulations ,,= ,,*emical ,,indu/ries ,sulphuric ,acid ,indu/ry 7,see also pp4 #d-ad & #aga7 ,dang] arises f escape ( acid gases or 9 ent]+ *amb]s1 t[]s1 conta9]s1 c41 = clean+ purposes4 ,! :ole *amb] sy/em1 !re=e1 requires to be imp]vi\s & ! sulphur dioxide & nitr\s gases utilis$ to _! fulle/ ext5t--a proc$ure t is 9 h>mony ) economy 9 production4 ,! pyrites furnace mu/ be s fir$ z to prev5t escape ( fumes1 :i* is be/ atta9$ by ma9t5ance ( a slight negative pressure by means ( fans4 ,! c9d]s rak$ out ( ! furnace because ( ! consid]able am\nt ( sulphur dioxide giv5 (f f !m %\ld be kept 9 a cov]$-9 place until !y h cool$4 ,any "w on ! t[]s & lead *amb]s1 especially clean+ op]ations1 %\ld be c>ri$ out "u /rict regulations4 ,su* special measures = ! empty+ ( ,gay-,lussac t[]s h be5 drawn up by ! ,union ( ,*emical ,indu/ry4 ,be=e removal ( ! s$im5t on ! floor !y require a ?or\gh dr5*+ ) wat]1 to be repeat$ if gases are pres5t4 ,p]fect work+ ( ! ,gay-,lussac t[] at ! end ( ! s]ies ( *amb]s is ess5tial to prev5t escape ( acid gases4 ,9 a well-regulat$ sulphuric acid factory ! av]age total acid cont5t ( ! f9al gases c be r$uc$ to #ja vol4 p] c5t4 ,"u ! ,alkali ,works ,regulation ,act ( #ahha ! quantity 0 limit$ to #jbf p] c5t4 ( sulphur dioxide--& ?is %\ld be a maximum limit4 ,ent]+ & clean+ out *amb]s & t[]s %\ld only be done1 if practicable1 by workm5 equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus1 & nev] )\t special precaution>y measures1 z sev]al fatalities h occurr$ at ! "w4 ,t[]s1 !re=e1 are be/ arrang$ s z to all[ ( clean+ f ! outside2 if gases are notic$ smoke helmets %\ld be donn$4 ,! same holds good = ent]+ tanks or tank waggons4 ,aft] sev]al cases ( poison+ f ?is s\rce _h occurr$ 9 a factory ! foll[+ (ficial regulations 7 issu$3 ,! deposit on ! floor ( waggons or tanks %all be remov$ ei!r by flu%+ ) wat] )\t ent]+ ! tank itself1 or if ! tank be ent]$ ! deposit is to be scoop$ out )\t addition ( wat] or dilute soda solution4 ,flu%+ out %all only be done aft] ! workm5 h got out4 ,workm5 are to be w>n$ e "t clean+ is und]tak5 t poison\s gases are develop$ :5 ! deposit on ! floor is dilut$4 ,acid eggs1 fur!r1 are to be provid$ ) a wa/e pipe & manhole to enable clean+ to be done f outside4 ,! poison+ likely to arise is p>tly due to ars5ic impurity 7developm5t ( ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas7 9 ! sulphuric acid us$4 ,un=tunately ars5ic free acid is v difficult to obta94 ,hydro*loric ,acid--,saltcake & ,soda ,indu/ries 7,see also pp4 #ae-bc & #agj7 ,prev5tive measures "h dep5d ^u obs]vance ( ! g5]al pr9ciples already discuss$4 ,! saltcake pan & rev]b]atory furnace require to be accurately & solidly con/ruct$ & ! process c>efully regulat$4 ,regulations inde$ 7 drawn up at an e>ly date 9 ,engl& z to _! work+ to prev5t escape ( gases :5 add+ ! acid1 rak+ ov] 9 ! rev]b]atory furnace1 & )drawal ( ! /ill fum+ saltcake4 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ important ( ^! recomm5dations3 ,! saltcake pan mu/ n be *>g$ :5 ov]heat$4 ,sulphuric acid %all be add$ only aft] all ! salt has be5 *>g$ & ! door %ut4 ,if hydro*loric acid fumes escape at ! door :5 ! ,glov] acid fl[s 9 ! fl[ mu/ be int]rupt$4 ,all doors mu/ be clos$ :ile "w is 9 progress4 ,def9ite times %all be fix$ = )drawal ( ! saltcake 9 ord] to try & ensure t x be n /ill fum+1 b %\ld ?is be ! case cold sulphate ( soda %all be spr9kl$ ov] x4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple %\ld be obs]v$ ( ma9ta9+ a slight negative pressure 9 ! furnace by ins]tion ( a fan 9 ! gas conduit s z to avoid possible escape ( gas4 ,! fum+ saltcake is be/ dealt ) by deposit+ x at once to cool 9 v5tilat$ receptacles or *amb]s4 ,on gr\nds ( economy & hygi5e z complete an absorption z possible ( ! hydro*loric acid gas develop$ 9 ! saltcake & soda a% process is to be aim$ at1 by convey+ x ?r\gh imp]vi\s conduits to ! bombonnes & l(ty absorption t[] fill$ ) coke or fl9ts d[n :i* wat] trickles4 ,! entire loss ( hydro*loric acid %\ld n am\nt to m ?an #ae p] c5t4 ( ! :ole4 ,"u ! ,alkali ,act at fir/ #e p] c5t4 0 all[$1 b ?is is excessive n[ 9 view ( improv$ me?ods ( cond5sation4 ,9 ! ,leblanc process ! revolv+ furnace is on heal? gr\nds to be pref]r$ to ! h& furnace4 ,su* a furnace occupies ! space ( b ?ree h& furnaces & c replace eighte5 ( !m4 ,! va/ accumulation ( wa/e1 consi/+ ma9ly ( calcium sulphide1 & g5]at+ sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas 9 su* am\nt z to con/itute a nuisance1 is only p>tially prev5t$ by ! ,*ance-,claus & o!r me?ods ( recov]y1 & makes x mo/ desirable to adopt ! ,solvay ammonia process4 ,note4--,sulphonal1 ,oxalic acid1 ,ultram>9e1 ,alum4--,! production ( sulphonal is int5sely unpleasant ow+ to ! disagreeable smell 7l cats' excrem5t7 ( ! m]captan develop$4 ,all "w !re=e mu/ be c>ri$ on 9 air-tight app>atus "u negative pressure & c>eful cool+4 ,any escap+ fumes mu/ be absorb$ 9 solution ( acetone & f9e wat] spray4 ,prep>ation ( oxalic acid unless c>ri$ on 9 clos$-9 vessels gives rise to injuri\s & tr\blesome fumes4 ,if op5 pans are us$1 hoods & ducts 9 connection ) a fan %\ld be plac$ ov] !m4 ,gr9d+ ( ultram>9e & alum requires to be done 9 clos$-9 mills1 & any du/ drawn away by locally appli$ v5tilation & filt]$4 ,! gases giv5 (f 9 ! burn+ process conta9 #c p] c5t4 ( sulphur dioxide1 :i* requires to be absorb$--a proc$ure mo/ easily effect$ 9 t[]s :]e ! up/ream+ gas comes into contact ) a dilute solution ( lime or soda4 ,*lor9e1 ,blea*+ ,p[d]1 ,*lor9e ,comp\nds 7,see also pp4 #bc-i & #agc7 ,:at has be5 said z to imp]vi\sness ( app>atus1 negative pressure ma9ta9$ by ! tall *imney /ack or e>!nw>e or fireclay fan1 c41 applies equally "h4 ,! exhau/ v5tilation is also requir$ to aspirate ! gas into ! blea*+ *amb]s4 ,at ! end ( ! sy/em !re mu/ be ei!r a t[] pack$ ) quicklime to absorb ! la/ traces ( *lor9e or su* a numb] ( blea* *amb]s into :i* ! gas c be l$ t no *lor9e escapes4 ,production ( *lor9e gas electrolytically is to be pref]r$ to o!r processes on hygi5ic gr\nds4 ,c>eful cleanl9ess is ! be/ prophylactic aga9/ occurr5ce ( *lor9e ra% among p]sons employ$ 9 ! electrolytic production ( *lor9e4 ,9 "s factories attempt has be5 made to use o!r sub/ances 7magnetite7 in/ead ( c>bon = ! anode1 & ! success att5d+ _! adoption is fur!r pro( t ! t> cem5t at ! anode help$ to cause ! acne4 ,9 ! ,weldon process c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! wat] lutes are intact1 & ! /ills mu/ n be op5$ be=e ! *lor9e has be5 drawn (f4 ,all processes 9 :i* manganese du/ c arise 7gr9d+ ( manganese dioxide & dry+ ( ,weldon deposit7 %\ld be done "u locally appli$ exhau/4 ,! blea*+ p[d] *amb]s mu/ be imp]vi\s & c>e tak5 t !y are n ent]$ be=e ! *lor9e has be5 absorb$4 ,usually ! numb] ( lime *amb]s connect$ up ) ea* o!r is su* t no *lor9e escapes free into ! air4 ,empty+ ( ! f9i%$ product %\ld n be done by h&1 z consid]able quantities ( *lor9e escape & make ! "w extremely irksome4 ,me*anical me?ods ( empty+ %\ld be adopt$ 9 sub/itution = h& lab\r1 & ( ^! ! ,has5clev] clos$-9 app>atus is ! be/4 ,nitric ,acid & ,explosives 7,see also pp4 #ci-di & #agb7 ,9 ! production ( nitric acid complete imp]vi\sness ( ! sy/em & z complete cond5sation ( ! gases z possible by means ( t\rilles1 cool+ cond5s]s1 & ! requisite numb] ( t[]s are necess>y4 ,! me?od sugge/$ by ,val5t9e ( manufacture ( nitric acid 9 app>atus "u a p>tial vacuum has advantages f a hygi5ic /&po9t4 ,e>!nw>e fans are us$ to =ce ! nitric acid gases onw>ds & h ! advantage ( creat+ a negative pressure4 ,great c>e is ne$$ 9 h&l+1 empty+1 pack+1 convey+1 & /or+ ! acid 9 consequ5ce ( ! dang] f break+ or spill+4 ,! bottles us$ mu/ be 9 p]fect condition & mu/ be well pack$4 ,no great] /ock ( nitric acid %\ld be all[$ 9 a room ?an is absolutely necess>y1 & c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! ev5t ( a c>boy break+ t ! spilt acid does n come into contact ) organic sub/ances1 z t w\ld increase developm5t ( nitr\s fumes4 ,work]s mu/ be w>n$ n to rema9 9 rooms 9 :i* acid has be5 spilt4 ,!y are only to be ent]$ by work]s equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus 7smoke helmets74 ,among ! special regulations on ! subject may be m5tion$ ^? ( ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,janu>y #h1 #aijj1 conc]n+ nitr\s fumes & means ( protection = work]s employ$ ) ! acid4 ,:at has be5 said on p4 #beg 9 reg>d to ! transport ( sulphuric acid applies equally to nitric acid4 ,9 ! nitrat+ process 9 ! manufacture ( explosives 7see p4 #dg7 x is ess5tial t ! app>atus is h]metically clos$1 t agitation is done me*anically1 or bett] /ill by means ( compress$ air1 & t any fumes develop$ are exhau/$ & cond5s$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( nitro-glyc]9 7see p4 #df7 ! gases develop$ 9 ! nitration ( ! wa/e acid require to be c>efully cond5s$4 ,contact ( nitro-glyc]9 ) ! sk9 has to be avoid$ & ! att5tion ( ! work]s drawn to ! dang]4 ,prep>ation ( gun cotton 7see p4 #dh7 takes place 9 ma*9es :i* are at ! same "t nitrat+ & c5trifugalis+ ma*9es4 ,! app>atus is fir/ fill$ ) ! nitrat+ acid & ! cotton add$2 ! fumes are drawn (f by e>!nw>e ducts & fans1 & la/ly ! bulk ( ! acid is remov$ by c5trifugal action4 ,su* ma*9es c>ry out effectually ! pr9ciples ( indu/rial hygi5e4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( fulm9ate ( m]cury nitr\s fumes1 cyanog5 comp\nds1 & acetic acid comp\nds are develop$ by ! action ( ! nitric acid on m]cury1 & require to be dealt ) by exhau/ v5tilation4,g ,artificial ,manures1 ,f]tiliz]s 7,see also pp4 #ec & #ed7 ,9 gr9d+ phosphorite & sup]phosphates1 corrosive du/ is produc$4 ,all gr9d+ op]ations mu/1 !re=e1 be c>ri$ out automatically 9 clos$ app>atus 7ball mills1 dis9tegrators1 c474 ,9 mak+ ! phosphorite soluble by treatm5t ) sulphuric acid1 & subsequ5t dry+ ( ! product1 corrosive hydr(luoric acid gas is develop$1 :i* requires to be c>ri$ away by an acid pro( exhau/ fan1 & cond5s$ 9 a t[] by wat] 7see fig4 #eh74 ,! mod]n revolv+ dry+ ma*9es are especially s]viceable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--,wa%+ t[] = hydr(luoric acid 7aft] ,leymann47 ,9 ! production ( basic slag corrosive du/ is giv5 (f1 caus+ ulc]ation ( ! muc\s membrane4 ,gr9d+ & o!r manipulations creat+ du/ mu/ be c>ri$ on 9 app>atus "u local exhau/ v5tilation4 ,! foll[+--some:at %ort5$--are ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations1 dat$ ,july #c1 #aiji1 = basic slag factories4 ,,basic ,,slag ,,regulations #a4 ,workrooms 9 :i* basic slag is cru%$1 gr\nd1 or /or$ 7if n 9 clos$ sacks7 %all be roomy & s arrang$ z to ensure adequate *ange ( air4 ,floors %all be ( imp]vi\s mat]ial all[+ ( easy removal ( du/4 #b4 ,prelim9>y break+ ( ! slag by h& %all n be done 9 ! gr9d+ rooms1 b ei!r 9 ! op5 air or 9 op5 %$s4 #c4 ,slag cru%]s1 gr9d+ mills1 & o!r app>atus %all be s arrang$ z to prev5t escape ( du/ z f> z possible into ! workrooms4 ,!y %all be provid$ ) exhau/ v5tilation & means = collect+ ! du/ if ?is _c be done 9 ! abs5ce ( du/4 #d4 ,arrangem5ts %all be made :]eby b>r[s convey+ mat]ial to ! gr9d+ mills %all be empti$ directly into p>tially hood$ hopp]s provid$ ) exhau/ v5tilation s z to prev5t escape ( du/ into ! workrooms4 #e4 ,! cas+ & jo9ts ( ! gr9d+ mills1 ducts1 du/ collectors & sieves %all be airtight2 if leaks are notic$ !y mu/ be repair$ =?)4 #f4 ,ducts1 du/ collectors & sieves %all be s arrang$ z to enable p]iodical cleans+ to be und]tak5 f ! outside4 #g4 ,repairs ( ! plant m5tion$ 9 ,p>a4 #e 9 :i* work]s are expos$ to inhalation ( slag du/ %all be entru/$ by ! occupi] only to su* work]s z we> respirators suppli$ = ! purpose or o!r means ( protect+ m\? & no/rils su* z wet sponges1 h&k]*iefs1 c4 #h4 ,empty+ ( slag p[d] f ! gr9d+ mills & du/ collectors & transf]5ce to ! /ore rooms %all only be done 9 accordance ) special regulations design$ to m9imise du/4 #i4 ,fill+ slag p[d] into sacks f ! outlets ( ! mills1 elevat+ & dis*>g+ x into receptacles %all only be done "u effici5t exhau/ v5tilation4 #aj4 ,sacks 9 :i* ! p[d] is transport$ & pil$ 9 heaps %all be ( a c]ta9 def9$ /r5g? to be increas$ 9 ! case ( sacks to be pil$ 9 heaps m ?an #c metres 9 height4 ,special rooms sep>at$ f o!r workrooms %all be provid$ = /orage ( slag p[d] 9 sacks4 ,only ! sacks repres5t+ ! previ\s day's production may be /or$ 9 ! gr9d+ rooms4 ,basic slag 9 p[d] & n 9 sacks %all be kept 9 special /orage rooms %ut (f entirely f o!r workrooms4 ,no p]son %all ent] su* /orage rooms :5 !y are be+ fill$ or empti$4 ,dis*>g+ ! cont5ts ( ! sacks into !m %all be done "u exhau/ v5tilation4 #aa4 ,! floors ( ! workrooms describ$ 9 ,p>a4 #a %all be clean$ be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ea* %ift or 9 an int]val dur+ ea* %ift4 ,no p]son except ^? engag$ 9 clean+ %all be pres5t dur+ ! op]ation4 ,if clean+ is effect$ by sweep+1 ! occupi] %all require ! p]sons do+ x to we> ! respirators provid$ or o!r protection = ! m\? & nose4 #ab4 ,! occupi] %all n p]mit ! work]s to br+ spirits into ! factory4 #ac4 ,a lavatory & cloakroom &1 sep>at$ f !m & 9 a "p ( ! build+ free f du/1 a meal room %all be provid$4 ,^! rooms %all be kept clean1 free f du/1 & be heat$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ! lavatory & cloakroom wat]1 soap1 & t[els %all be provid$ & adequate arrangem5ts %all be made = keep+ ! clo?+ tak5 (f be=e comm5c+ "w4 ,! occupi] %all give ! p]sons employ$ opportunity to take a w>m ba? daily be=e leav+ "w 9 a ba?room erect$ inside ! factory & heat$ dur+ ! w9t]4 #ad4 ,no woman or male "y p]son "u eighte5 ye>s ( age %all "w or rema9 9 a room into :i* basic slag is br\ght4 ,p]sons "u eighte5 ye>s ( age %all n be employ$ 9 beat+ sacks :i* h conta9$ basic slag4 #ae4 ,no p]son employ$ 9 break+ or gr9d+1 empty+1 pack+1 or /or+ basic slag1 %all "w m ?an t5 h\rs daily4 ,!re %all be int]vals dur+ work+ h\rs am\nt+ 9 ! aggregate to two h\rs1 "o ( !m la/+ at lea/ an h\r4 ,if duration ( employm5t daily is limit$ to sev5 h\rs ) nev] long] ?an f\r h\rs' "w )\t an int]val1 only "o int]val ( at lea/ "o h\r is requir$4 #af4 ,= "w m5tion$ 9 ,p>a4 #ae no p]son %all be employ$ )\t a c]tificate f an approv$ surgeon /at+ t he is free ( disease ( ! lungs & n alcoholic4 ,! occupi] %all place ! sup]vision ( ! heal? ( ! work]s "u a surgeon :o %all exam9e !m at lea/ once a mon? = signs ( disease ( ! respiratory organs & alcoholism4 ,work]s engag$ 9 ! op]ations m5tion$ 9 ,p>a4 #ae %all be susp5d$ f employm5t :5 ! surgeon suspects su* illness or alcoholism4 ,^? %[+ m>k$ susceptibility to ! effect ( basic slag du/ %all be p]man5tly susp5d$4 #ag4 ,a heal? ,regi/] %all be kept 9 :i* %all be ent]$ ! precise employm5t1 duration ( "w1 & /ate ( heal? ( ! p]sons employ$4 #ah4 ,! occupi] %all obta9 a gu>antee f ! work]s t no alcohol or food %all be tak5 into ! workrooms4 ,prep>ation ( ,hydr(luoric ,acid 7,see also pp4 #cg & #aga7 ,! fumes giv5 (f 9 ! prep>ation ( hydr(luoric acid require to be collect$ 9 lead5 cool]s & vessels2 t :i* escapes requires to be absorb$ by a wat] spray 9 t[]s4 ,! app>atus mu/ be imp]vi\s & kept "u a slight negative pressure4 ,*romium ,comp\nds 7,see also pp4 #ee-h & #ahe7 ,! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,may #af1 #aijg1 conta9s ! prev5tive measures necess>y 9 bi*romate factories4 ,accord+ to ?is1 work]s suff]+ f ulc]ation ( ! sk9 7*rome holes1 eczema7 are n to be employ$ except on a m$ical c]tificate t !y are free f su* affections1 & daily exam9ation = signs ( ulc]ation is enjo9$1 s t ^? affect$ may receive prompt treatm5t4 ,fur!r1 p]iodical m$ical exam9ation ( ! work]s is requir$ at mon?ly int]vals4 ,respirators 7= "w 9 :i* du/ _c be avoid$71 ) lavatory1 cloakroom1 & meal room accommodation1 are to be provid$1 & also ba?s4 ,9 h&l+ bi*romates we>+ ( imp]vi\s gloves may be necess>y1 & sme>+ ! h&s & face ) vasel9e is recomm5d$4 ,9 addition diffusion ( du/ & fumes mu/ be m9imis$2 ma*9es 9 :i* mix+1 cru%+1 & gr9d+ are done mu/ be imp]vi\s1 & provid$ ) exhau/ v5tilation4 ,*>g+ ( ! furnaces1 :]e possible1 %\ld be effect$ me*anically & ! fumes develop$ bo? 9 manipulation ( ! furnaces & f hot bi*romate liquor remov$ by an exhau/4 ,a leaflet conta9+ directions = work]s com+ into contact ) *romium comp\nds 9 *emical factories1 dye+1 tann+1 wood /a9+1 calico pr9t+1 wall pap] pr9t+1 pa9t+1 c41 has be5 drawn up by ,lew94 ,x conta9s a li/ ( ! poison\s *rome comp\nds & ( ! indu/ries 9 :i* *rome poison+ occurs1 in=mation z to ! action ( *rome ^u ! sk9 & muc\s membrane1 & ! prev5tive measures necess>y4 ,among ! la/ nam$ are3 sme>+ ! sk9 ) oil1 use ( imp]vi\s gloves1 respirators 9 "w :]e du/ arises1 necessity ( cleanl9ess1 & p]iodical m$ical exam9ation4 ,= ! *rome tann+ indu/ry ! foll[+ leaflet 0 drawn up by ! ,imp]ial ,heal? ,(fice 9 ,b]l91 :i* succ9ctly /ates ! measures aga9/ *rome poison+ 9 ^! indu/ries & conta9s mu* practical in=mation = ! work]s3 ,9 *rome tann+ by ! two ba? process1 ! fir/ ba? conta9+ potassium bi*romate & hydro*loric acid has a corrod+ effect ^u brok5 surfaces ( ! sk9 7scrat*es1 *app$ h&s1 eruptions1 c474 ,9 consequ5ce1 !y develop into r\nd ulc]s 7*rome holes7 ) h>d rais$ edges :i* are difficult to heal & g on increas+ 9 size unless "w at ! process is tempor>ily giv5 up4 ,9 p]sons ) v s5sitive sk91 ev5 ?\gh ! surface may be intact1 h&l+ ! liquor br+s on sometimes an ob/9ate ra% 7eczema7 on ! h&s & =e>ms4 ,! solution us$ 9 ! "o ba? process has no corrosive action1 b x is a /rong poison1 j z is ! solution ( potassium bi*romate ( ! two ba? process4 ,if swall[$1 ! solutions cause vomit+1 di>rha1 kidney tr\ble1 & ev5 dea?4 ,*romium comp\nds c also ent] ! body ?r\gh sk9 w\nds & cause illness4 ,prev5tion4--,9 ord] to prev5t ! occurr5ce ( *rome ulc]ation1 work]s employ$ ) *rome or *rome solutions mu/ be especially c>eful 9 avoid+ injury to ! sk9 ( ! h&s or =e>ms4 ,?is applies especially to work]s :o c>ry ! vessels conta9+ bi*romate1 :o weigh & dissolve ! potassium bi*romate1 or :o come into contact ) ! tann+ liquor or ) undress$ sk9s & hides :i* h la9 9 ! liquor4 ,if1 9 spite ( precautions1 eruptions1 ra%es1 or ulc]ation occur1 all "w necessitat+ contact ) corrosive tann+ liquors %\ld be susp5d$ until !y are heal$4 ,9 ord] to r$uce risk ( action ( ! liquor on ! sk91 work]s employ$ 9 ! process describ$ w\ld d well if1 be=e comm5c+ "w1 !y c>efully sme>$ h&s & =e>ms ) unsalt$ l>d1 vasel9e1 or ! l1 & dur+ "w avoid$1 z mu* z possible1 soil+ ! b>e h&s & arms ) ! liquor4 ,if1 nev]!less1 a work] has contract$ a *rome hole1 or eruption1 he %\ld consult a m$ical man1 in=m+ him at ! same "t ( ! nature ( 8 "w4 ,to avoid int]nal absorption ( *rome1 work]s prep>+ ! ba?s mu/ c>efully avoid inhal+ ! du/ ( *romium salts4 ,^! & all o!r work]s engag$ ) ! liquors conta9+ *romium mu/ n take food & dr9k :ile at "w4 ,work+ suits %\ld be tak5 (f & face & h&s wa%$ ) soap be=e eat+ or dr9k+1 & be=e leav+ ! factory4 ,petroleum1 ,b5z9e 7,see also pp4 #ei-fd & #bbb-d7 ,z crude petroleum & ! high] fractions fir/ di/ill$ f x affect ! sk9 injuri\sly1 wett+ ! sk9 %\ld be avoid$1 & c>eful cleanl9ess on ! "p ( ! work]s enjo9$4 ,work]s expos$ to ! influ5ce ( gases escap+ f naph?a spr+s & wells %\ld be equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus 7smoke helmets72 ?is applies to ^? :o h to ent] /ills & o!r app>atus connect$ ) ! di/illation ( petroleum4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( petroleum by sulphuric acid sulphur dioxide 9 great quantity is develop$1 con/itut+ a di/9ct dang] to ! work]s4 ,?is process1 !re=e1 %\ld be c>ri$ on 9 clos$ vessels furni%$ ) me*anical /irr]s or compress$ air agitators4 ,! mo/ suitable app>atus is t illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #ac4 ,petroleum tanks mu/ be ?or\ghly air$ be=e !y are clean$ & %\ld be ent]$ only by work]s equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus4 ,app>atus conta9+ petroleum & b5z9e requires1 z f> z possible1 to be clos$ 9 & air tight 7z1 = example1 9 ! extraction ( fat f bones & oil se$1 9 ! rubb] indu/ry1 & 9 *emical clean+ e/abli%m5ts72 :]e b5z9e fumes develop !y %\ld be imm$iately drawn away by suitably appli$ exhau/ v5tilation4 ,?is is necess>y1 on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( fire1 9 *emical clean+ e/abli%m5ts :]e purification is effect$ by means ( b5z9e 9 clos$ drums4 ,regulations = b5z9e extraction plants are conta9$ 9 ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,janu>y #e1 #aiji1 = b5z9e extraction works1 & also 9 t ( ,augu/ #c1 #aijc1 = dry-clean+ premises1 to :i* la/ 7 add$ #8,directions = safety1' conta9+ important regulations z to risk f fire4 ,f our /&po9t ! foll[+ po9ts are ( int]e/3 c>e is to be tak5 to provide & ma9ta9 exhau/ v5tilation directly across ! floor4 ,! air1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be all[$ to pass ne> any fire4 ,dry+ rooms especially are to be l(ty & airy1 & sep>at$ f o!r workrooms4 ,9 factories ) me*anical p[] ! au?orities may require provision ( artificial v5tilation = ! dry+ rooms4 ,wa%+ ma*9es1 c5trifugalis+ ma*9es1 & b5z9e r9s+ vessels %\ld be furni%$ ) well-fitt+ cov]s to be remov$ only = su* "t z is absolutely necess>y = putt+ 9 & tak+ out ! articles to be clean$1 %ak51 or r9s$4 ,! vessels nam$ are to be exam9$ z to _! imp]vi\sness at lea/ once e qu>t] by a prop]ly qualifi$ p]son4 ,! condition 9 :i* !y are f\nd is to be not$ 9 a book to be %[n to ! ,factory ,inspector & police au?orities on dem&4 ,la/ly1 sub/itution = b5z9e ( o!r less poison\s sub/ances su* z c>bon tetra*loride has be5 urg$4 ,phosphorus1 ,lucif] ,mat*es 7,see also pp4 #di-ec & #aij7 ,9 view ( ! dang] ( ! lucif] mat* indu/ry1 measures 7 tak5 at an e>ly date 9 almo/ all civilis$ /ates to gu>d aga9/ phosphorus poison+1 & 9 _m c\ntries h l$ to ! prohibition ( ! use ( :ite phosphorus4 ,complete prohibition ( its manufacture & use 0 fir/ enact$ 9 ,f9l& 7#ahgb7 & 9 ,d5m>k 7#ahgd74 ,prohibition 0 decre$ 9 ,switz]l& 9 #ahgi 79 ,janu>y #ahhb ?is 0 revok$1 b aga9 enact$ 9 #ahic71 & 9 ! ,ne!rl&s 9 #aija4 ,9 ,g]many ! law prohibit+ ! use ( :ite phosphorus came into =ce 9 ,janu>y #aijh1 & runs z foll[s3 #a4 ,:ite or yell[ phosphorus %all n be employ$ 9 ! production ( mat*es & o!r light+ sub/ances4 ,light+ sub/ances made ) :ite phosphorus %all n be kept = sale1 or sold1 or o!rwise br\ght on ! m>ket4 ,provid$ t ?is %all n apply to ignition /rips :i* s]ve = ! light+ ( safety lamps4 #b4 ,p]sons wilfully infr++ ?is law %all be puni%$ by a f9e ( #bjjj m>ks4 ,if ! infr+em5t occurs ?r\gh ignorance ! f9e %all consi/ ( #aej m>ks4 ,9 addition to ! f9e1 all prohibit$ articles produc$1 import$1 or br\ght into ! trade %all be confiscat$1 z well z ! implem5ts us$ 9 _! production1 )\t ref]5ce to :e!r !y belong to ! p]son convict$ or n4 ,if prosecution or conviction ( ! guilty p>ty _c be br\ght home1 confiscation nev]!less is to be c>ri$ out indep5d5tly4 ,r\mania & ,france h a /ate monopoly ( mat*es2 9 ^! /ates no :ite phosphorus mat*es h be5 produc$ s9ce #aijj & #ahih respectively4 ,france1 by ! ,law ( ,decemb] #ag1 #aijh1 signifi$ concurr5ce ) ! ,int]national ,conv5tion 9 reg>d to ! prohibition ( ! use ( :ite phosphorus4 ,9 ,sw$5 & ,norway ! prohibition ( :ite phosphorus is 9 =ce only = ! home trade4 ,a ,sw$i% ,decree1 dat$ ,decemb] #i1 #ahif1 p]mitt$ factories c>ry+ on ! manufacture = export to use :ite phosphorus1 & almo/ precisely simil> provisions are conta9$ 9 ! ,norwegian ,decree4 ,! ,sw$i% ,decree1 dat$ ,m>* #cj1 #aijj1 p]mits :ite phosphorus mat*es to be export$1 b n to be sold 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,au/ria difficulties 9 reg>d to prohibition ( :ite phosphorus arose ow+ to trade conditions 7especially 9 ! ,ea/71 & ! attitude ( ! /ates compet+ 9 ! lucif] mat* trade1 p>ticul>ly ,italy & ,japan4 ,au/ria1 !re=e1 made agreem5t ) int]national prohibition ( :ite phosphorus1 dep5d5t on ! attitude ( ,japan2 s9ce ,japan did n concur1 ! decision ( ,au/ria fell ?r\gh4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,italy 9 ! ye> #aijf jo9$ ! ,conv5tion1 ! difficulties 7 also ov]come 9 ,au/ria1 & by a law simil> to t ( ,g]many1 dat$ ,july #ac1 #aiji1 prohibition ( ! manufacture & sale ( :ite phosphorus mat*es dates f ! ye> #aiab4;,h ,belgium has refra9$ f prohibition ( :ite phosphorus1 b on ! o!r h& has pass$ a s]ies ( enactm5ts relat+ to ! mat* manufacture1 ( :i* ! mo/ ess5tial are "h cit$1 s9ce !y *>act]ise ! measures :i* come into consid]ation = factories 9 :i* :ite phosphorus is /ill employ$4 ,royal ,decree1 dat$ ,m>* #be1 #ahij1 modifi$ by ! ,royal ,decree1 dat$ ,febru>y #ab1 #ahie1 & ,novemb] #ag1 #aijb1 conc]n+ employm5t 9 lucif] mat* factories4 #a4 ,9 mat* factories :]e :ite phosphorus is us$1 mix+ ! pa/e & dry+ ! dipp$ mat*es %all be c>ri$ on 9 a place specially set ap>t = ! purpose4 #b4 ,mix+ ! pa/e %all be c>ri$ on 9 an entirely clos$ vessel or 9 "o connect$ ) an effici5t exhau/ draught locally appli$4 ,! proportion ( :ite phosphorus 9 ! pa/e %all n exce$ 9 weight #h p] c5t4 ( ! total mat]ial1 n includ+ wat]4 #c4 ,hoods & ducts communicat+ ) an exhau/ draught %all be in/all$ at ! level ( ! plates = dipp+ :ite phosphorus mat*es1 & ov] ! vessels conta9+ ! pa/e4 #d4 ,dry+ rooms = :ite phosphorus mat*es1 if ent]$ by ! work]s1 %all be me*anically v5tilat$4 #e4 ,rooms 9 :i* phosphorus fumes c arise %all be l(ty & well v5tilat$1 pref]ably by an exhau/ at ! level ( ! "w b5*es1 communicat+ ) ! ma9 *imney /ack4 ,! workrooms %all be kept clean4 ,no food or dr9k %all be tak5 9 !m4 #f4 ,9 e mat* factory ! work]s %all h at _! disposal a special cloak room & suitable & suffici5t wa%+ accommodation1 s z to be able to *ange clo!s be=e comm5c+1 & at ! end (1 "w1 & to wa% ! h&s & face on leav+4 ,cleanl9ess w be obligatory ^u ! work]s manipulat+ phosphorus pa/e or mat*es4 #g4 ,work]s com+ into contact ) phosphorus pa/e or mat*es %all be exam9$ mon?ly by a surgeon appo9t$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,indu/ry1 :o %all be paid by ! occupi]4 ,work]s hav+ decay$1 un/opp$ tee?1 or exhibit+ symptoms ( g+ivitis or /omatitis1 or 9 poor heal? at ! "t ( exam9ation1 %all be tempor>ily susp5d$ f "w4 ,! surgeon %all ent] ! results ( 8 mon?ly exam9ations 9 a prescrib$ regi/]4 ,?is regi/] %all be %[n to ! ,factory ,inspector on dem&4 ,^! decrees are supplem5t$ by fur!r ord]s reg>d+ ! tak+ ( samples ( pa/e 9 mat* factories & /ore h\ses 7,royal ,ord]s ( ,m>* #be1 #ahij2 ,febru>y #ab1 #ahie2 ,april #ah1 #ahih2 ,novemb] #ag1 #aijb74 ,z is evid5t f ! ,belgian enactm5t1 9 /ates :]e prohibition ( :ite phosphorus is n 9 =ce1 palliative measures only are possible & ev5 !n !y c only be en=c$ 9 l>ge factories :5 automatic ma*9]y is us$ to elim9ate h& lab\r 9 dang]\s op]ations4 ,9 ?is respect ! introduction ( clos$1 v5tilat$1 me*anical mix+ app>atus provid$ ) me*anical /irr]s1 clos$ & v5tilat$ me*anical dipp+ & dry+ app>atus1 are especially important4 ,c]ta9 mod]n ,am]ican ma*9es c>ry ?r\gh ! :ole complicat$ process ( ! phosphor\s mat* indu/ry automatically4 ,see+ t prohibition ( :ite phosphorus is an accompli%$ fact & t mat*es free f risk 9 _! manufacture answ] e purpose1 ! univ]sal en=cem5t ( ! prohibition ( :ite phosphorus %\ld be /riv5 = 9 civilis$ /ates4 ,c>bon bisulphide 7,see also pp4 #fh-ga & #aic-e7 ,use ( c>bon bisulphide 9 ! vulcanis+ ( indi>ubb] goods by dipp+ !m into ! liquid & subsequ5tly dry+ !m 7usually 9 a curr5t ( hot air7 causes developm5t ( c>bon bisulphide fumes 9 consid]able quantity1 especially if ! articles to be dri$ are laid on %elves or hung up 9 ! workroom1 a proc$ure :i* %\ld nev] be p]mitt$4 ,dry+ mu/ be c>ri$ out "u local exhau/ v5tilation4 ,all vessels hold+ c>bon bisulphide us$ = dipp+ c be plac$ 9 a wood5 *annel above ! dipp+ vessels1 provid$ ) op5+s = manipulation1 & connect$ ) an exhau/ sy/em4 ,! foll[+ are ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations1 dat$ ,m>* #a1 #aijb1 = vulcanis+ ( indi>ubb] by means ( c>bon bisulphide3 ,,vulcanis+ ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide 7,notice conc]n+ ! erection & managem5t ( indu/rial premises 9 :i* indi>ubb] goods are vulcanis$ by means ( c>bon bisulphide or *loride ( sulphur47 ,! foll[+ regulations %all apply 9 accordance ) p>agraph #abj 7e7 ( ! ,indu/rial ,code3 #a4 ,! floor ( su* rooms z are us$ = ! vulcanis+ ( indi>ubb] goods by means ( c>bon bisulphide %all n be l[] ?an ! surr\nd+ gr\nd4 ,! rooms %all h w9d[s op5+ into ! out] air1 & ! l[] halves %all be capable ( be+ op5$ s z to r5d] possible suffici5t r5ewal ( air4 ,! rooms %all be v5tilat$ by fans me*anically driv54 ,) ! approval ( ! high] au?orities p]mission to disp5se ) me*anical draught may be all[$1 provid$ t 9 o!r ways p[]ful *ange ( air is secur$4 ,) ! approval ( ! high] au?orities special v5tilat+ arrangem5ts c be disp5s$ ) if ! fumes ( c>bon bisulphide are remov$ imm$iately1 at ! po9t :]e !y are produc$1 by means ( a p[]ful draught1 & 9 ?is way purity ( ! air be secur$4 #b4 ,! vulcanis+ rooms %all n be us$ z a dwell+1 or = sleep+ 91 or = prep>+ food 91 or z a /ore1 or dry+ room1 nor %all o!r processes ?an ^? ( vulcanis+ be c>ri$ on 9 !m4 ,no p]sons1 except ^? engag$ 9 vulcanis+ processes1 %all be all[$ 9 ! rooms4 ,!re %all be at lea/ #bj cubic met]s 7#gjj cubic feet7 ( air space all[$ = ea* p]son employ$ !re94 #c4 ,only su* quantities ( c>bon bisulphide %all be br\ght into ! vulcanis+ rooms z %all s]ve = ! day's supply4 ,fur!r /orage %all be made 9 a special place sep>ate f ! workrooms4 ,vessels to hold ! vulcanis+ liquid %all be /rongly made1 & :5 fill$ & n 9 use %all be well cov]$4 #d4 ,vulcanis+ & dry+ rooms %all be w>m$ only by /eam or hot-wat] pipes4 ,^! rooms %all be light$ only by means ( /rong inc&esc5t electric lamps4 ,exceptions f p>agraphs #a & #b may be all[$ by ! high] au?orities4 #e4 ,ma*9es int5d$ = vulcanis+ long %eets ( clo? %all be cov]$ ov] 7e4g41 ) a glass cas+7 s z to prev5t z f> z possible ! entrance ( c>bon bisulphide fumes into ! workrooms1 & f ! cas+ ! air %all be drawn away effectually by means ( a fan me*anically driv54 ,entrance to ! space :i* is enclos$ %all only be all[$ 9 case ( defects 9 ! work+4 ,9 cases :]e a cov]+ ( ! ma*9e is n practicable = te*nical reasons ! high] au?orities c1 if suitable means ( protection are us$ 7especially :5 ! ma*9e is plac$ 9 an op5 hall1 & provid$ t no p]son works at ! ma*9e = m ?an two days a week71 all[ ( exception to ! above arrangem5t4 #f4 ,vulcanis+ ( o!r articles 7n m5tion$ 9 p>4 #e71 unless c>ri$ out 9 ! op5 air1 %all be done 9 cov]$-9 boxes into :i* ! work] ne$ only introduce 8 h&s1 & s arrang$ z to keep ! fumes away f ! face ( ! work]4 ,! air mu/ be drawn away f ! box by means ( a p[]ful draught4 #g4 ,rule #f %all apply 9 vulcanis+ bo? ! outside & inside ( indi>ubb] goods4 ,9 vulcanis+ ! inside no work] %all be all[$ to suck ! fluid ?r\gh ) ! m\?4 #h4 ,! goods aft] _! imm]sion 9 ! vulcanis+ fluid %all n lie op5 9 ! room1 b %all ei!r be plac$ "u a v5tilat$ cov] or at once be c>ri$ into ! dry+ *amb]4 ,! dry+ *amb] or dry+ rooms 9 :i* ! w>es are expos$ to artificial heat imm$iately aft] vulcanis+ %all be s arrang$ t actual entrance into !m = ! putt+ 9 or tak+ out ( ! vulcanis$ goods %all n be necess>y4 ,no p]son %all be all[$ to ent] ! dry+ *amb] :ile "w is go+ on4 ,! high] au?orities c p]mit ( exceptions to ?is rule 9 ! case ( ! dry+ ( long rolls if suffici5t protect+ arrangem5ts are made4 #i4 ,:5 vulcanisation is effect$ by means ( *loride ( sulphur ! vessels or *amb]s us$ = hold+ x %all be s arrang$ t escape ( ! fumes is prev5t$4 ,no p]son %all ent] ! vulcanis+ *amb] until ! air 9 ! *amb] has be5 completely *ang$2 x %all n be us$ = purposes o!r ?an vulcanis+4 #aj4 ,employm5t 9 vulcanis+ ) c>bon bisulphide or 9 o!r "w expos+ ! work]s to c>bon bisulphide vap\r %all n be all[$ )\t a break = m ?an two h\rs & 9 no case = m ?an f\r h\rs 9 "o day2 aft] two h\rs a pause ( at lea/ "o h\r mu/ be all[$ be=e resumption4 ,no p]son "u #ah ye>s ( age %all be employ$4 #aa4 ,! occupi] %all provide all work]s employ$ 9 "w m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #aj ) prop] & suffici5t ov]alls4 ,by suitable notices & sup]vision he %all see t :5 n 9 use !y are kept 9 _! prop] place4 #ab4 ,sep>ate wa%+ accommodation & dress+-rooms = ea* sex %all be provid$1 di/9ct f ! workrooms1 = all p]sons employ$ z /at$ 9 p>agraph #aa4 ,wat]1 soap1 & t[els & arrangem5ts = keep+ ! clo!s put (f be=e ! comm5cem5t ( "w %all be provid$ 9 suffici5t am\nt4 #ac4 ,! occupi] %all appo9t a duly qualifi$ m$ical practition] 7^: "n %all be s5t to ! ,inspector ( ,factories7 to sup]vise ! heal? ( ^? expos$ to ! effects ( c>bon bisulphide4 ,he %all exam9e ! work]s once e mon? ) a view to ! detection ( poison+ by c>bon bisulphide4 ,by direction ( ! m$ical practition] work]s %[+ signs ( c>bon bisulphide poison+ %all be susp5d$ f "w & ^? :o appe> peculi>ly susceptible %all be susp5d$ p]man5tly f "w 9 processes m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #aj4 #ad4 ,! occupi] %all keep a book1 or make "s (ficial responsible = its keep+1 ( ! *anges 9 ! p]sonnel 9 ! processes m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #aj & z to _! /ate ( heal?4 ,! book %all conta9-- 7#a7 ,! "n ( ! p]son keep+ ! book2 7#b7 ,! "n ( ! appo9t$ surgeon2 7#c7 ,surname1 ,*ri/ian "n1 age1 resid5ce1 date ( fir/ employm5t1 & date ( leav+ ( e work] m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #aj1 & ! nature ( ! employm5t2 7#d7 ,! date ( any illness & its nature2 7#e7 ,date ( recov]y2 7#f7 ,! dates & results ( ! prescrib$ m$ical exam9ation4 #ae4 ,! occupi] %all require ! work]s to subscribe to ! foll[+ conditions3-- ,no work] %all take food into ! vulcanis+ rooms2 ,! work]s %all use ! protection af=d$ 9 p>agraphs #e-g & use ! ov]alls 9 ! "w nam$2 ,! work]s %all obey ! directions ( ! occupi] giv5 9 accordance ) ,rule #e1 p>agraphs #a & #b1 ,rule #h1 p>agraphs #a & #b1 & ,rule #i1 p>agraph #b4 ,work]s contrav5+ ^! ord]s %all be liable to dismissal )\t fur!r notice4 ,if 9 a factory regulations already exi/ 7p>agraph #acd7;a7 ( ! ,indu/rial ,code7 ! above %all be includ$4 #af4 ,9 ! vulcanis+ rooms m5tion$ 9 ,rule #a !re %all be po/$ up a notice by ! police /at+-- 7a7 ,! cubic capacity ( ! rooms2 7b7 ,! numb] ( work]s :o may be employ$4 ,fur!r1 9 e vulcanis+ room !re %all be po/$ up 9 a conspicu\s place & 9 cle> *>act]s ,rules #a-ae & ! conditions 9 p>agraph #ae4 ,ref]5ce %\ld be made also to ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,febru>y #bc1 #aiaj1 on ! prep>ation1 /or+1 & manufacture ( c>bon bisulphide1 & to ! ,fr5* ,m9i/]ial ,circul>1 dat$ ,janu>y #bj1 #aiji 7,manufacture ( ,indi>ubb]74 ,employm5t ( b5z9e & *loride ( sulphur = vulcanis+ is1 f a hygi5ic /&po9t1 to be pref]r$ to t ( ! mu* m dang]\s c>bon bisulphide4 ,! same applies also to ! process ( ! extraction ( fat4 ,9 ! ref]5ces made to g5]al arrangem5ts = ! protection ( work]s deal+ ) poisons1 /ress 0 laid on ! complete enclos+ ( extraction app>atus4 ,?is applies1 ( c\rse1 to extraction by means ( c>bon bisulphide1 bo? on gr\nds ( economy1 heal?1 & risk f fire4 ,on acc\nt ( ! risk to heal?1 ef=ts h be5 made to sub/itute o!r means ( equal effici5cy1 free f dang]4 ,su* a sub/itute may be f\nd 9 c>bon tetra*loride4 ,?is extracts well1 & dissolves grease spots 7l b5z9e71 is n explosive1 is sc>cely inflammable1 & is less poison\s ?an ! sub/ances commonly us$ = extraction4 ,its employm5t is to be recomm5d$ on hygi5ic gr\nds1 b ! relatively high price may /& 9 ! way ( its use4 ,illum9at+ ,gas ,indu/ry4 ,production ( ,t> & ,coke 7,see also pp4 #ga-ij & #aii7 ,9 illum9at+ gas factories imp]vi\sness ( ! :ole work+ sy/em is especially important f an economical & hygi5ic /&po9t1 s9ce only 9 ?is way c dang] to ! work+ /aff be avoid$4 ,?is applies especially to ! retorts1 f :i* no gas %\ld be all[$ to escape4 ,if ! exhau/ is work+ satisfactorily ?is %\ld n be possible1 z ! pressure ( ! gas 9 ! retorts dur+ di/illation w be a negative "o4 ,correct regulation ( pressure is ?us ( ! greate/ importance 9 ! prev5tion ( poison+ 9 gas works4 ,fur!r1 special precaution is necess>y 9 op]ations ) gas purify+ mat]ial conta9+ cyanog51 s9ce o!rwise ! work]s suff] f ! gases develop$ f ! gas lime4 ,"w ) gas purify+ mat]ial %\ld be s arrang$ t injuri\s gases are c>ri$ away by suitable v5tilat+ arrangem5ts4 ,consid]ation = ! neighb\rhood =bids _! dis*>ge into ! op5 air1 & =bids also op]ations ) ! gas purify+ mat]ial 9 ! op5 air2 !re=e non-injuri\s removal ( ^! gases is necess>y4 ,qu5*+ ( ! coke also %\ld1 on acc\nt ( ! annoyance to ! work+ /aff & to less5 nuisance to ! neighb\rhood1 be c>ri$ out s t ! fumes are drawn into ! ma9 *imney /ack4 ,9 coke ov5s escape ( t>ry con/itu5ts & ( poison\s emanations are prev5t$ by imp]vi\sness ( ! app>atus1 by suffici5cy ( ! exhau/ draught1 & especially by pass+ ! products ( di/illation1 :i* _c be cond5s$1 "u a fire1 or by absorb+ !m ei!r ) wat] or oil4 ,special precaution>y measures are ne$$ fur!r 9 ! di/illation ( ! wa%+ oil1 & g5]ally escape ( poison\s emanations mu/ be prev5t$ by ! greate/ possible imp]vi\sness ( ! di/illation sy/em & correspond+ regulation ( pressure4 ,gas ,motors 7,p[] ,gas ,/ations7 7,see also pp4 #hj-e7 ,! foll[+ po9ts1 tak5 f an ,au/rian ,m9i/]ial ,decree 7dat$ ,decemb] #b1 #aijc71 = ! prev5tion ( poison+ 9 p[] gas works1 may be useful3 ,,p[] ,,gas ,,in/allations ,9 mix$ gas in/allations 7,d[son1 wat] gas7 ( ! old] sy/em1 ! way 9 :i* ! gas is produc$ causes ! :ole app>atus & pipes to be "u slight negative pressure1 because ! /eam requir$ = ! process mu/ be bl[n into ! g5]ator4 ,9 ^! works1 !re=e1 a small special /eam boil] is requir$ & a gas receiv] to /ore ! gas4 ,9 m mod]n suction g5]ator gas in/allations ! pi/on is us$ to suck 9 /eam & air z well z ! gases aris+ 9 ! g5]ator & to draw !m into ! motor cyl9d]4 ,?us ! :ole sy/em is kept 9 a condition ( slight negative pressure dur+ ! process4 ,:ile ! suction g5]ator gas sy/em is work+1 only s mu* gas is produc$ z ! motor uses = ! "t be+1 s t ) ?is sy/em !re is no great] /ore ( gas ?an is requisite4 ,9 su* an in/allation ! foll[+ rules %\ld be borne 9 m9d3 #a4 ,all ! app>atus 7gas pipes1 valves1 c47 mu/ be con/ruct$ & ma9ta9$ 9 a completely imp]vi\s condition4 ,any wat] seals especially :i* may be 9 use mu/ receive att5tion4 #b4 ,precautions mu/ be tak5 to prev5t ! gases f ! g5]ator pass+ into ! cool]s & purifi]s :5 ! eng9e is at re/4 #c4 ,c>e is to be tak5 :5 ! app>atus is at re/ to prev5t any possible subsequ5t escape ( gas into ! room :]e ! app>atus is in/all$4 #d4 ,! return ( explosive gas out ( ! gas eng9e into ! gas pipe by failure to ignite or o!r accid5t1 mu/ be made impossible4 #e4 ,! app>atus ?r\gh :i* ! g5]ator is *>g$ mu/ possess a tightly fitt+ d\ble valve to prev5t escape ( gas into ! room dur+ *>g+4 #f4 ,! pipes = conduct+ away ! unpleasantly smell+ bitum9\s con/itu5ts 9 ! wat] mix$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog5 f ! scrubb]s mu/ n communicate ) ! workroom4 #g4 ,precautions mu/ be tak5 to m9imise ! dang] dur+ ! clean+ ( ! g5]ator 7removal ( a%es & slag74 #h4 ,all /op-cocks & valves are to be s arrang$ t _! position at any "t 7op5 or %ut7 is cle>ly visible f outside4 #i4 ,purifi]s ) a capacity great] ?an two cubic met]s mu/ be provid$ ) appliances :i* make possible ?or\gh removal ( ! gas be=e !y are op5$4 #aj4 ,! gas wa%+ & clean+ app>atus & pipes are to be fitt$ ) gauges indicat+ ! pressure exi/+ 9 !m at any mom5t4 #aa4 ,:5 a suction gas plant is fir/ in/all$ & also at times :5 !re is no gas 9 ! pipes & plant betwe5 ! g5]ator & ! eng9e1 gas mu/ be bl[n 9 until all air is expell$ be=e ! eng9e is set go+4 #ab4 ,dur+ ! clean+ ( app>atus & pipes :i*1 :5 9 action1 conta9 gas1 ! rooms mu/ be ?or\ghly v5tilat$4 #ac4 ,rooms 9 :i* suction gas plant is in/all$ mu/ be ( su* a height t all ! plant & its connections c be easily rea*$ = clean+1 c41 & be capable ( su* free v5tilation z to r5d] impossible an accumulation ( gas4 #ad4 ,^! rooms mu/ be sep>at$ f liv+ rooms by a wall )\t any op5+s 9 x4 ,emanations also mu/ be prev5t$ z f> z possible f ent]+ into liv+ or work+ rooms situat$ ov] ! gas eng9e4 #ae4 ,erection ( app>atus = g5]at+ & purify+ suction gas 9 cell>s %all only be all[$ if specially effective v5tilation is provid$ by natural or me*anical means4 ,o!r ,regulations are ^? ( ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,june #bj1 #aijd1 z to ! arrangem5t & managem5t ( suction gas premises4 ,,acetyl5e ,,gas ,,in/allations 7,see also pp4 #he-g7 ,! foll[+ regulations = ! protection ( work]s 9 acetyl5e gas in/allations are tak5 f ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ #b ,novemb]1 #ahig3 #a4 ,prep>ation & cond5sation ( acetyl5e on ! "o h&1 & liquefaction on ! o!r1 mu/ be c>ri$ on 9 sep>ate build+s4 #b4 ,if ! pressure employ$ = cond5sation ( ! gas exce$s eight atmosph]es1 ?is "w mu/ take place 9 a room set ap>t = ! purpose4 #c4 ,rooms 9 :i* acetyl5e is prep>$1 cond5s$1 or liquefi$ %all n be us$ z1 nor be 9 direct connection )1 liv+ rooms4 ,!y mu/ be well light$ & v5tilat$4 #d4 ,! c>bide mu/ be kept 9 clos$ wat]tight vessels1 s z to ensure p]fect dryness & only su* quantities %all be tak5 out z are ne$$4 ,! vessels mu/ be kept 9 dry1 light1 well-v5tilat$ rooms2 cell> rooms may n be us$ = /orage purposes4 #e4 ,cru%+ ( c>bide mu/ be done ) ! greate/ possible avoidance ( du/4 ,work]s are to be provid$ ) respirators & goggles4 #f4 ,acetyl5e gasomet]s mu/ be fitt$ up 9 ! op5 air or 9 a well-v5tilat$ room1 sep>at$ f ! gas g5]ator4 ,e gas receiv] mu/ h a wat] gauge %[+ ! pressure 9 ! receiv]4 #g4 ,betwe5 ! gasomet] & receiv] a gas purifi] mu/ be provid$ s z to remove impurities 7phosphorett$ hydrog51 ars5iurett$ hydrog51 c>bon bisulphide1 ammonia1 c474 #h4 ,cond5sation ( acetyl5e gas at a pressure exce$+ t5 atmosph]es %all only be done 9 comb9ation ) cool+4 ,,di/ribution ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,p[] ,,& ,,illum9at+ ,,gas ,! ,au/rian ,gas ,regulations 7( ,july #ah1 #aijf7 conta9 g5]al provisions z to imp]meability & security ( ! gas pipes & ! precautions to be obs]v$ 9 _! in/allation4 ,special directions foll[ z to ma9 flues1 mat]ial1 dim5sions1 bran*es1 & connections1 valve arrangem5ts1 te/+ ( ! pipes aga9/ leakage1 directions = discov]+ leaks1 & o!r defects2 also ! nature ( ! bran* pipes 7dim5sions & mat]ial71 valves1 cocks1 syphons1 wat] seals1 & pressure gauges4 ,9 addition !re are directions z to te/+ pipes & h[ to deal ) escape ( gas1 freez+ ( pipes1 & o!r mi%aps4 ,ammonia 7,see also pp4 #ij-c & #age7 ,9 ! production ( ammonia & ammonium salts 7ammonium sulphate7 comb9ation ( ! ammoniacal vap\r ) ! sulphuric acid is accompani$ ) ! =mation ( volatile dang]\s gases conta9+ sulphurett$ hydrog5 & cyanog5 comp\nds1 :i* produce m>k$ oppression & sometimes endang] ! heal? ( ! work]s4 ,draw+-(f ^! fumes into ! furnace 7practis$ sometimes 9 small indu/ries7 is n advisable1 z ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 is burnt to sulphur dioxide2 if x is burnt absorption ( ! sulphur dioxide %\ld foll[1 or work+ x up into sulphuric acid 7,leymann74 ,(t5 ^! gases are fre$ f cyanog5 comp\nds & sulphurett$ hydrog5 by means ( gas purify+ mat]ials1 su* z are us$ 9 gas works4 ,! :ole app>atus mu/ be imp]vi\s4 ,:]e liquids conta9+ ammonia are us$ exhau/ v5tilation is necess>y4 ,cyanog51 ,cyanog5 ,comp\nds 7,see also pp4 #ic-e & #aie-g7 ,processes 9 :i* cyanog5 gas c develop1 require to be done "u a p[]ful exhau/ draught4 ,9 ! production ( cyanog5 comp\nds possibility ( ! escape ( hydrocyanic acid 7prussic acid7 has to be borne 9 m9d4 ,su* escape is possible 9 its production f raw animal products4 ,! mo/ c>eful cleanl9ess & obs]vance ( g5]al measures = p]sonal hygi5e are necess>y 9 factories 9 :i* cyanog5 comp\nds are manufactur$ or h&l$4 ,9 cru%+ cyanide ( potassium ! work]s %\ld we> indi>ubb] gloves & respirators4 ,! products %\ld be /or$ 9 clos$ vessels 9 dry /ore rooms set ap>t = ! purpose4 ,mod]n cyanide ( potassium factories :i* "w up molasses1 f :i* ! sug> has be5 remov$1 & also residu>y di/ill]y liquors1 s f> con=m ) hygi5ic requirem5ts t all ! app>atus is "u negative pressure1 s t poison\s gases _c escape into ! workrooms4 ,coal ,t>1 ,t> ,products 7,see also pp4 #if-aai7 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 = ! removal ( injuri\s gases develop$ 9 ! manipulation & use ( t> 7t> di/illation7 & 9 ! processes ( clean+ connect$ !re)4 ,?is c be mo/ effectively done by c>ry+ on ! processes 9 clos$ app>atus4 ,h(mann describes su* a factory :]e all mix+ vessels 9 :i* ! di/illation products are fur!r treat$ are completely clos$ 91 s t ev5 9 mix+ & runn+ (f1 no contact is possible ) ! mat]ial4 ,! vessels = hold+ t>1 t>-wat]1 c41 mu/ be imp]vi\s & kept cov]$4 ,only ! cold pit* & asphalt %\ld be /or$ 9 op5 pits4 ,! cool+ ( ! di/illation products & residues1 s long z !y give (f poison\s & /rongly-smell+ fumes1 %\ld be c>ri$ out 9 metal or brick$ receiv]s4 ,su* directions f9d a place 9 ! #8,te*nical ,in/ructions' app5d$ to ! ,g]man ,factory ,code4 ,)\t d\bt1 t> is1 because ( its smell & = o!r reasons1 unpleasant to h&le1 & ! dang] to heal? f contact ) x is n a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,spill+ ( small quantities ( t> dur+ transport & o!r manipulations c h>dly be avoid$4 ,c>eful cleanl9ess1 !re=e1 on ! "p ( work]s is /rongly urg$4 ,x may be m5tion$ t if t> is cov]$ ) a lay] ( t>-wat]1 treatm5t ) acid fluids develops sulphur & cyanog5 comp\nds1 :i* may affect ! work]s4 ,t> wat] %\ld1 !re=e1 be sep>at$ c>efully f ! t> & us$ = ! prep>ation ( ammonia4 ,! same rem>ks z to cleanl9ess1 c41 apply 9 ! manufacture ( felt1 lamp-black1 & briquettes1 ) use ( t>4 ,saturation ( felt1 & manufacture ( t> pla/] %\ld be done 9 clos$ app>atus4 ,9 ! production ( lamp-black1 ev5 ) a great numb] ( soot *amb]s1 !re is escape ( soot caus+ nuisance to work]s & ! neighb\rhood4 ,complete avoidance ( ?is seems to be difficult1 s t measures = p]sonal hygi5e mu/ be assur$4 ,9 briquette factories x has be5 f\nd useful to heat ! t> by means ( /eam in/ead ( by direct fire1 :i* r5d]s possible ! use ( a clos$ app>atus & me*anical /irr+4 ,9 ! di/illation ( t>1 dur+ ! fir/ di/illation p]iod 7fir/ runn+s7 unpleasant & injuri\s gases conta9+ ammonia & sulphur escape f ! /ills4 ,^! %\ld 7accord+ to ,leymann7 be c>ri$ away ?r\gh clos$ pipes bran*+ (f f ! l[] end ( ! runn+-(f pipe1 ei!r into ! furnace 79 do+ :i* a possible back fla% ( flame is to be gu>d$ aga9/7 or be subject$ to purification by lime or oxide ( iron 7simil> to t 9 ! case ( illum9at+ gas7 ) a view to recov]y ( ammonia & sulphur4 ,! l[] end ( ! di/illation pipes %\ld be ,u-%ap$ s z to =m a liquid seal--! pipes = ! draw+ (f ( ! gases bran*+ (f be=e ! curve4 ,9 ! lat] /ages ( di/illation risk c be *eck$ by c>eful cool+ & imp]vi\sness ( ! app>atus4 ,v unpleasant yell[ fumes develop 9 great quantity :5 pit* is run (f f ! hot /ill4 ,h5ce hot pit* %\ld n be run (f into op5 pit* receptacles1 b be cool$ fir/ 9 clos$ receptacles4 ,! crude products obta9$ by di/illation 7light oil1 creosote oil7 are subject$ to purification consi/+ 9 treatm5t on ! "o h& ) alkali & on ! o!r ) acid & foll[$ by fractional di/illation4 ,9 ^! processes injuri\s fumes may develop1 !re=e !y mu/--z already m5tion$--be c>ri$ on 9 clos$ vessels provid$ ) means ( escape = fumes & appliances = me*anical /irr+2 ! fumes drawn (f mu/ be l$ into ! *imney /ack4 ,9 ! di/illation ( br[n coal1 ( t>1 & ( res91 x is necess>y1 z 9 ! di/illation ( coal t>1 to insi/ above all on c>eful cool+ & cond5sation1 & ?or\gh absorption ( uncond5s$ gases 9 wa%+ t[]s4 ,special precaution>y rules are necess>y to gu>d aga9/ ! dang] ( ent]+ t> /ills = clean+ purposes4 ,su* directions 7 approv$ 9 ,great ,brita9 9 #aijd 9 view ( accid5ts :i* occurr$ 9 ?is way3 ,,t> ,,di/ill+ ,! foll[+ directions,i are approv$ by ! ,home ,(fice & are applicable to factories 9 :i* is c>ri$ on ! di/illation ( t> = ! production ( naph?a1 light oil1 creosote oil1 & pit*4 #a4 ,dur+ ! process ( clean+1 e t> /ill %\ld be completely isolat$ f adjo9+ t> /ills ei!r by disconnect+ ! pipe lead+ f ! swan neck to ! cond5s] worm1 or by disconnect+ ! wa/e gas pipe fix$ to ! worm end or receiv]4 ,blank flanges %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 ! disconnections4 ,9 addition1 ! pit dis*>ge pipe or cock at ! bottom ( ! /ill %\ld be disconnect$4 #b4 ,e t> /ill %\ld be v5tilat$ & all[$ to cool be=e p]sons are all[$ to ent]4 #c4 ,e t> /ill %\ld be inspect$ by ! =eman or o!r responsible p]son be=e any workman is all[$ to ent]4 #d4 ,! inspect+ =eman on fir/ ent]+ any t> /ill or tank1 & all p]sons employ$ 9 t> /ills or tanks 9 :i* !re are no cross /ays or ob/ructions likely to cause entanglem5t1 %\ld be provid$ ) a belt securely fa/5$ r\nd ! body ) a rope atta*$1 ! free end be+ left ) two m5 outside ^: sole duty %\ld be to wat* & draw out any p]son appe>+ to be affect$ by gas4 ,! belt & rope %\ld be adju/$ & worn 9 su* a mann] t ! we>] c be drawn up head =emo/ & ?r\gh ! manhole & n across x4 #e4 ,a bottle ( compress$ oxyg51 ) m\?piece1 %\ld be kept at all times ready = use2 & pr9t$ in/ructions z to ! use ( ?is bottle1 & ! me?od to be employ$ = resuscitation by means ( artificial respiration %\ld be kept con/antly affix$4 ,a draft ( su* in/ructions is app5d$4 #f4 ,a supply ( suitable *emical respirators prop]ly *>g$ & 9 good condition %\ld be kept ready = use 9 case ( em]g5cy aris+ f sulphurett$ hydrog5 or c]ta9 poison\s gases4 7,granules ( c>bon saturat$ ) a solution ( cau/ic soda readily absorb sulphurett$ hydrog5 & may be us$ = *>g+ respirators47 #g4 ,! use ( nak$ lights %\ld be /rictly prohibit$ 9 any portion ( ! works :]e gas ( an inflammable nature is liable to be giv5 (f4 #h4 ,ea* /ill %\ld be provid$ ) a prop] safety valve1 :i* %\ld at all times be kept 9 effici5t work+ condition4 ,,gass+ ,symptoms4--,! fir/ symptoms are gidd9ess1 weakness 9 ! legs1 & palpitation ( ! he>t4 ,if a man feels ^! he %\ld at once move into fre% w>m air1 :5 he w quickly recov] if slightly affect$4 ,he %\ld avoid exposure to cold4 ,he %\ld n walk home too soon aft] recov]y2 any ex]tion is h>mful4 ,fir/ ,aid4--,remove ! pati5t into fre% w>m air4 ,s5d = ! oxyg5 app>atus4 ,s5d = a doctor4 ,beg9 artificial brea?+ at once if ! pati5t is ins5sible & cont9ue x = at lea/ half-an-h\r1 or until natural brea?+ returns4 ,give oxyg5,j at ! same "t & cont9ue x aft] natural brea?+ returns4 ,artificial ,brea?+ 7,s*f] ,me?od74--,place ! pati5t face d[nw>ds z %[n 9 ! diagrams4 ,kneel at ! side ( ! pati5t & place y\r h&s flat 9 ! small ( 8 back ) ?umbs ne>ly t\*+1 & ! f+]s spread out on ea* side ( ! body ov] ! l[e/ ribs 7see ,diagram #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram #a ,!n promote artificial brea?+ by lean+ =w>d ov] ! pati5t &1 )\t viol5ce1 produce a firm1 /eady1 d[nw>d pressure 7see ,diagram #b74 ,next release all pressure by sw++ y\r body backw>ds )\t lift+ y\r h&s f ! pati5t 7see ,diagram #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram #b ,repeat ?is pressure & relaxation ( pressure )\t any m>k$ pause betwe5 ! movem5ts1 ab\t #ae times a m9ute1 until brea?+ is e/abli%$4 ,9 my op9ion z express$ 9 ! g5]al discussion1 use ( brea?+ app>atus 7smoke helmets7 ) oxyg5 is /rongly advisable2 ^! implem5ts mu/ be put on be=e ent]+ ! /ill4 ,9 creosot+ wood1 op5+ ! app>atus & tak+ out ! /eep$ wood %\ld only be done :5 ! app>atus is suffici5tly cool$1 z o!rwise injuri\s fumes escape4 ,9 heat+ asphalt unpleasant fumes arise :i* %\ld be drawn (f into a furnace1 or absorb$ by a cond5s] *>g$ ) oil 7,leymann72 op5 pans %\ld be avoid$1 z injuri\s to work]s4 ,organic ,dye-/uffs1 ,coal-,t> ,col\rs4 7,see also pp4 #ajg-ai & #bjd-ae7 ,! hygi5ic measures to be adopt$ = ! prev5tion ( indu/rial poison+ 9 coal-t> col\r factories are *iefly conc]n$ ) ! poison\s nature on ! "o h& ( ! raw mat]ial 7b5z5e1 tolu5e1 c47 & on ! o!r ( ! int]m$iate products 7nitrob5z5e1 anil9e1 toluid9e1 c47 & ! subsidi>y sub/ances 7*lor9e1 acids1 especially nitric acid1 c417 us$4 ,! mo/ important measures are z foll[s3 ,9 purify+ ! raw mat]ials 7b5z5e1 c47 ! di/illation requires to be done "u effective cool+ & 9 imp]vi\s app>atus4 ,if injuri\s solv5ts are employ$ 7su* z pyrid9e 9 ! production ( an?rac5e7 ! manipulations %\ld be p]=m$ 9 clos$ app>atus if possible1 "u negative pressure4 ,! fumes exhau/$ %\ld be c>efully cond5s$ by cool+ or absorb$ by a spray ( wat] or oil4 ,9 view ( ! poison\s nature ( b5z5e1 ! app>atus1 /ills1 receiv]s1 tanks1 tank waggons1 c41 %\ld only be ent]$ = ! purpose ( clean+ or repair+ aft] prelim9>y ?or\gh removal ( all residue ( b5z5e1 complete isolation f all simil> app>atus ne>1 & ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,work]s ent]+ ! /ills1 c41 %\ld always be equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus 7smoke helmets7 & ) a supply ( oxyg54 ,o!r aids1 su* z safety belts :i* are held by help]s1 are n "h advocat$ 9 view ( ! (t5 sudd5 fatal poison+1 especially z ! rescu] is easily induc$ to spr+ to ! assi/ance ( 8 un=tunate mate )\t ! necess>y equipm5t4 ,! frequ5cy ( su* accid5ts calls urg5tly = ! use ( brea?+ app>atus4 ,9 ! manufacture ( diazo- & nitroso-comp\nds & g5]ally 9 nitrat+ op]ations poison\s nitr\s fumes are develop$4 ,by r$uction 9 an acid solution1 acid fumes & s+ul>ly pung5t-smell+ comp\nds c be giv5 (f4 ,if r$uction by means ( t9 is practis$1 ! ars5ic 9 ! t9 c cause evolution ( ! extremely poison\s ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas4 ,9 sulphonat+1 sulphur dioxide c develop2 & sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas on heat+ ) sulphur or sulphide ( sodium4 ,all manipulations %\ld take place 9 tightly clos$-9 app>atus provid$ ) exhau/1 & ! gases drawn (f %\ld be absorb$ or effectively c>ri$ away4 ,9 ! case ( _m injuri\s gases x is n suffici5t m]ely to conduct !m into ! flue2 !y ought to be cond5s$ & got rid (4 ,?us acid fumes 7nitr\s fumes1 sulphur dioxide1 hydro*loric acid vap\r1 *lor9e gas7 are neutralis$ by wat] or milk ( lime1 or a solution ( soda2 ammonia or alcohol by wat]2 sulphurett$ hydrog5 & ars5iurett$ hydrog5 by lime & oxide ( iron2 anil9e1 c41 by dilute acids4 ,production ( nitrob5z5e1 by nitrat+ b5z5e requires to be done 9 clos$ app>atus1 provid$ ) me*anical agitators4 ,9 ! subsequ5t sep>ation ( ! nitrat+ acids f ! result+ nitro-comp\nds1 escape ( vap\ris$ nitro-comp\nds c sc>cely be avoid$ ev5 if clos$ app>atus is us$4 ,provision1 !re=e1 mu/ be made = abundant v5tilation ( ! workrooms4 ,! r$uction ( ! nitro-comp\nds 7nitrob5z5e1 nitrotolu5e7 to anil9e 7toluid9e7 mu/ simil>ly take place 9 clos$ agitat+ vessels4 ,introduction ( ! iron fil+s & sulphuric or hydro*loric acids1 also ! subsequ5t saturation ) lime1 & driv+ ov] ( ! anil9e1 c41 ) /eam1 & collection ( ! di/illate1 mu/ take place 9 completely clos$ app>atus4 ,nev]!less1 escape ( small quantities ( anil9e is v difficult to prev5t unless ample v5tilation is provid$4 ,9 ! production ( fu*s9 by heat+ anil9e hydro*loride 7toluid9e1 r$ oil7 ) nitrob5z5e 7=m]ly ars5ic acid7 9 clos$ vessels1 furni%$ ) me*anical /irr+ app>atus ! anil9e rema9+ unconv]t$ aft] ! melt+ escapes 9 ! =m ( /eam c>ry+ anil9e fumes1 ev5 ) c>eful cond5sation1 s t ?or\gh v5tilation & ! o!r g5]al measures = ! protection ( work]s set =? on pp4 #bdb et seq4 are requir$4 ,m>k$ injury to heal? & di/ress to work]s ?r\gh acid fumes are sometimes caus$ by ! d5itration ( ! wa/e mixture ( sulphuric & nitric acids 9 ! nitrat+ process1 t is1 by ! sep>ation ( nitric acid f ! acid mixture4 ,?is d5itration takes place usually 9 ! ,glov] t[]s ( ! lead *amb] sy/em :i* is (t5 associat$ ) ! manufacture ( anil9e4 ,! mix$ nitro-comp\nds ( ! wa/e acids1 h[ev]1 are (t5 n completely cond5s$1 b pass ?r\gh ! *amb]s & ,gay-,lussac t[]s & escape into ! air1 :5ce arises ! con/ant smell ( nitrob5z5e 9 anil9e factories 7,leymann74 ,9 ! production ( naph?ylam9e & recov]y ( *lor9at$ products1 escap+ *lor9e %\ld be l$ into *loride ( lime *amb]s1 hydro*loric acid fumes into t[]s to be absorb$ by wat] & milk ( lime or a solution ( soda4 ,9 anil9e factories dang] c sc>cely be :olly avoid$1 z ! work]s1 on ! "o h&1 come into contact ) poison\s sub/ances1 nitrob5z5e1 anil9e1 c41 & on ! o!r h&1 9 spite ( all te*nical hygi5ic measures1 c h>dly help brea?+ 9 "s ( ! anil9e4 ,ap>t f ! te*nical regulations1 !re=e1 !re mu/ be insi/5ce on cleanl9ess ( ! workrooms1 p]sonal cleanl9ess on ! "p ( ! work]s 7wa%+1 ba?s1 work+ suits1 cloak-rooms1 c474 ,besides ?is1 contact ) anil9e1 nitrob5z5e1 c41 wett+ ( ! body & clo!s ) ^! sub/ances1 &1 especially spill+1 spla%+1 & scatt]+ ^! fluids mu/ be c>efully avoid$4 ,! work]s require to be suitably in/ruct$ z to ! symptoms ( nitrob5z5e & anil9e poison+1 & ! "r /eps to take1 if poison$4 ,! oxyg5 app>atus mu/ always be at h&1 ready = use2 ! work]s mu/ be in/ruct$ h[ to use x4 ,fur!r1 work]s1 especially ^? newly employ$1 mu/ be "u sup]vision 9 ord] t assi/ance may be r5d]$ !m on ! fir/ signs ( poison+2 m$ical assi/ance ought to be )9 easy rea*4 ,work]s also %\ld "k ( ! t5d5cy ( anil9e to cause canc] ( ! bladd]4 ,precautions aga9/ ! poison\s nitro-d]ivatives ( b5z5e 7nitroph5ol1 picric acid1 c471 :i* are 9 ! =m ( poison\s du/1 mu/ take ! =m ( entirely clos$-9 gr9d+ & pack+ app>atus1 or1 at all ev5ts1 removal ( ! du/ at its s\rce4 ,among (ficial regulations may be m5tion$ ! ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,edict1 dat$ ,decemb] #ah1 #aijh1 z to purification & /orage ( b5z5e1 & fur!r ! ,regulations dat$ ,decemb] #ac1 #aijg1 & ,decemb] #cj1 #aijh1 9 =ce 9 ,great ,brita9 = ! manufacture ( nitro- & amido-d]ivatives ( b5z5e1 & ! manufacture ( explosives ) use ( d9itrob5z5e or d9itrotolu5e4 ,,vi ,,prev5tive ,,regulations--,,! ,,extraction ,,( ,,metals 7,,smelt+ ,,"w ,,9 ,,g5]al7 ,dang] is incurr$ :5 ! furnace leaks1 a condition :i* g5]ally occurs 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 or if gases escape dur+ ! necess>y manipulations ?r\gh ! work+ doors4 ,?is c be avoid$ by ma9ta9+ ! walls 9 z air-tight a /ate z possible2 b z v small leakages are almo/ unavoidable ! be/ c\rse is to s regulate ! draught 9 ! furnace 7by means ( fans7 t a slight negative pressure always exi/s 9 x4 ,naturally1 poison\s gases escap+ f ! furnace su* z sulphur dioxide1 c>bonic oxide1 c>bon dioxide1 & hydroc>bons require to be drawn away & r5d]$ h>mless4 ,?is c (t5 be done by m]ely conduct+ !m into ! ma9 flue4 ,gases conta9+ c>bonic oxide possess high heat+ capacity1 & _! escape c usually be prev5t$ by suitable cupola bells4 ,!y c be l$ away 9 imp]vi\s conduits & utilis$ = heat+ purposes or = driv+ gas eng9es4 ,ent]+ ! flues = clean+ or repair+ purposes is especially dang]\s2 & z x is difficult to isolate "o portion entirely f ano!r1 su* op]ations might well be c>ri$ on by p]sons equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus 7smoke helmets or oxyg5 app>atus74 ,9 roa/+ op]ations h&work c be l>gely replac$ by furnaces work$ me*anically4 ,if ! gases g5]at$ are ri* 9 sulphur dioxide !y c be utilis$ = ! manufacture ( sulphuric acid or = ! production ( liquid sulphur dioxide ei!r directly or aft] conc5tration2 if n1 !y mu/ be r5d]$ h>mless by treatm5t ) milk ( lime 9 absorption t[]s4 ,o!r me?ods ( r5d]+ ! sulphur dioxide 7unsuit$ = manufacture ( sulphuric acid7 h>mless dep5d on treatm5t ) m9]als conta9+ calcium c>bonate1 or magnesium or alum9ium hydrate1 sodium sulphide1 c4 ,sometimes ! sulphur\s gases are l$ into bla/ furnaces conta9+ oxide ( iron & coal 7s z to =m sulphide ( iron7 or are absorb$ by means ( moi/ scraps ( %eet iron or br[n coal or peat briquettes4 ,use ( *lor9e comp\nds 9 ! extraction ( metals f ores 7silv]1 copp]7 causes evolution ( *lor9e & hydro*loric acid vap\r4 ,^! %\ld be dealt ) 9 absorption t[]s4 ,metallic fumes are collect$ by suitable cond5s+ arrangem5ts4 ,flue du/ is reta9$ 9 flue du/ *amb]s1 b 9 ! clean+ ( su* cond5s+ flues & *amb]s dang] to ! work]s is consid]able & !y %\ld be equipp$ ) respirators1 work+ suits1 c4 ,p]sonal hygi5e mu/ be insi/$ on4 ,iron 7,see also pp4 #adf-ea7 ,9 bla/ furnace "w1 indu/rial poison+ occurs ma9ly f escap+ gases ri* 9 c>bonic oxide4 ,!y may also conta9 sulphur dioxide & cyanog5 comp\nds4 ,! high proportion ( c>bonic oxide1 h[ev]1 makes ^! gases valuable & s]viceable1 because ( _! great heat+ value4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 n[ l$ away & utilis$1 ! furnace be+ clos$ by a cupola bell only op5$ by means ( a me*anical contrivance :5 *>g+ is necess>y2 :ile ?is is be+ done ! ignit$ bla/ furnace gases p\r out1 & ! work]s retire f ! op5+1 s t dang] to !m is avoid$4 ,! con/ruction ( a bla/ furnace ) a cupola bell c be se5 9 fig4 #bi4 ,! bla/ furnace gases are conduct$ away by an op5+ 9 ! side1 & pass along special pipes to be utilis$1 aft] hav+ gone ?r\gh a purify+ process ma9ly = ! removal ( flue du/1 c4 ,! gases s]ve p>tly = ! heat+ ( ! bla/ = ! furnace itself1 & p>tly = driv+ ! gas eng9es :i* s]ve ! electrical p[] app>atus1 electric light+1 c41 9 ! works4 ,?r\gh ! rational utilisation ( ! bla/ furnace gases1 ! work]s are protect$ f _! injuri\s action dur+ ! work+ ( ! furnace4 ,s]i\s gas poison+1 h[ev]1 occurs n infrequ5tly to work]s :o h to ent] ! gas ma9s = clean+ purposes4 ,work]s1 !re=e1 %\ld only be p]mitt$ to ent] ! flues1 c41 a consid]able "t aft] ! process has be5 /opp$ & aft] z complete & ?or\gh a v5tilation ( ! sy/em z is possible4 ,any portion ( ! gas sy/em :i* is to und]go clean+ mu/ be completely isolat$4 ,v5tilation is be/ effect$ by ! introduction ( compress$ air4 ,?us a f\ndry 79 ! ,duisburg di/rict7 has provid$ all its cell>s & passages1 ?r\gh :i* gas pipes pass1 & :i* mu/ be ent]$ dur+ repairs1 ) compress$ air pipes4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 advisable t gas conduits %\ld only be ent]$ by work]s equipp$ ) brea?+ app>atus & oxyg5 supply4 ,naturally adequate in/ruction ( work]s & tra9+ 9 fir/ aid are necess>y1 z well z a suffici5t supply ( oxyg5 9 con/ant read9ess4 ,injuri\s gases c escape f ! furnace dur+ tapp+ & slag runn+2 poison\s gases ) a disagreeable od\r1 f pres5ce ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 also arise 9 granulat+ ! slag1 t is1 :5 ! fluid slag is l$ into wat] = subsequ5t use 9 prep>ation ( cem5t4 ,^! gases %\ld be collect$ by hoods1 & be c>ri$ away z f> z possible4 ,9 ! manufacture ( /eel by ! ,bessem] or ,?omas-,gil*ri/ process1 ! d>k smoke aris+ out ( ! conv]t] dur+ ! bl[+ op]ation %\ld be drawn (f 7l$ into flues71 z x is injuri\s to heal?4 ,9 ! ,m>t9 furnaces poison+ may occur1 especially :5 ! gas flues are ent]$ aft] cessation ( "w4 ,9 lett+ out ! gas 9 ord] to /op ! furnaces1 ! gas & air valves mu/ fir/ be clos$ & ! outlet valves = gas be op5$ only aft] ! pipes h be5 fill$ ) /eam4 ,/eam is to be driv5 ?r\gh until ! pipes are q free f gas1 & ! sy/em only ent]$ aft] x has become ?or\ghly cool$4 ,if ne$ arises = ent]+ portions ( ! sy/em :ile neighb\r+ p>ts are /ill fill$ ) gas1 ! work]s employ$ require to be provid$ ) brea?+ app>atus & smoke helmets4 ,9 ! transport ( f]ro-silicon sev]al cases ( poison+ h occurr$4 ,caution>y regulations1 !re=e1 relat+ to ?is "w h be5 f\nd necess>y4 ,su* directions are conta9$ 9 ! police regulations ( ! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,trade & ,indu/ry respect+ ! transport on ! ,rh9e ( corrosive & poison\s sub/ances 7dat$ ,septemb] #bi1 #aiaj74 ,x is prescrib$3 7#a7 t f]ro-silicon be pack$ 9 /rong wat]tight cases ( wood or metal2 7#b7 t on ! cases be inscrib$1 legibly & indelibly1 ! notice #8,f]ro-silicon4 ,to be kept dry6 ,) c>e6' 7#c7 t ! sub/ance be deliv]$ dry & 9 dry cases2 7#d7 t ! cases be /or$ 9 airy places on ! deck ( ! %ip 9 su* a mann] t !y are protect$ f wet4 ,fur!r1 c>e is to be tak5 t ! /orage on %ips is done 9 su* a way t possible damage to ! mat]ial 9 :i* x is pack$ entails no risk4 ,! h>b\r au?orities :]e load+ or l&+ takes place c deal ) special cases z !y ?9k fit4 ,int]national regulation z to transport ( f]ro-silicon 9 ! _s ( ! above regulations w\ld be mo/ desirable 9 view ( ! ov]sea trade 9 ?is sub/ance4,k ,lead 7,see also pp4 #abj-dj & #agg-hb7 ,= protection aga9/ lead poison+1 ! mo/ widely spread ( ! sl[ indu/rial poison+s1 all ^? measures are ( mom5t :i* we h describ$ 9 our g5]al discussion on protection aga9/ dang] f poison 9 indu/ries1 bo? p]sonal & g5]al4 ,p]sonal hygi5e1 especially c>eful wa%+ aft] "w1 prohibition ( eat+ 9 workrooms1 suitable work+ clo!s1 provision ( cloak rooms1 meal rooms1 ba?s1 c41 are important & effective measures = ! protection ( work]s aga9/ indu/rial lead poison+4 ,! work] %\ld naturally be adequately in/ruct$ z to ! risk4 ,appropriate pr9t$ notices are especially adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,fur!r1 selection ( work]s %\ld be made "u m$ical sup]vision4 ,work]s :o suff] f specific disease :i*1 if associat$ ) lead poison+1 may prove dang]\s1 %\ld be exclud$ f all contact ) lead4 ,among su* illnesses mu/ be reckon$ tub]culosis 9 all its =ms1 alcoholism1 epilepsy1 t5d5cy to m5tal disease 7n]v\s disposition1 hy/]ia1 neura/h5ia1 c471 rheumatism1 & disease ( ! kidneys4 ,ov]time "w und\bt$ly increases risk2 !re=e work+ h\rs %\ld be %ort5$ z mu* z possible1 & h&work replac$ by ma*9e "w :]e possible4 ,"y p]sons & wom5 especially %\ld be exclud$ f "w 9 lead4 ,alt]nation ( employm5t also is b5eficial & ess5tial 9 v dang]\s lead "w1 because ! poison accumulates 9 ! body & only dur+ int]vals :]e9 absolutely no poison c be absorb$ has x "t to be elim9at$4 ,p]iodical m$ical exam9ation by a surgeon is ( great value ) sy/ematic entry ( ! results ( exam9ation 9 a heal? regi/]4 ,z be>+ on ?is1 e>ly diagnosis is ( ! greate/ importance1 s t work]s 9 :om ! fir/ signs ( lead poison+ appe> may at once be susp5d$ or transf]r$ to o!r "w4 ,lead work]s %\ld take suitable n\ri%+ food & avoid p>ticul>ly alcoholic excess4 ,:5 ! dang] is due to fumes or du/ 9 ! air ! measures prescrib$ on pages #bdb-ee apply1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* aim at keep+ ! workrooms & ! air 9 ! factories free ( !m by locally appli$ exhau/ v5tilation4 ,9 ord] to replace or r$uce ! use ( lead we /rongly advocate ! use ( non-poison\s1 or at any rate less poison\s1 sub/ances1 :]e ?is c be done )\t te*nical difficulties1 z1 = in/ance1 c>borundum discs in/ead ( lead 9 poli%+ ( preci\s /ones1 leadless glaze 9 pott]y = lead glaze 7s f> z ?is is possible1 z to :i* see page #cai71 b$s free ( lead 79 diff]5t indu/ries7 = lead b$s4 ,9 a numb] ( cases1 h[ev]1 su* sub/itution is impracticable on te*nical gr\nds or c only p>tially be c>ri$ out1 z1 = example1 9 lett]press pr9t+ & 9 ! pa9t & col\r indu/ry1 9 :i* ! prohibition ( lead has (t5 be5 repeat$ly urg$4 ,s f>1 un=tunately1 x mu/ be admitt$ t repeat$ attempts to f9d a non-poison\s sub/itute = lead col\rs1 especially = :ite lead1 ( equal value te*nically1 h n succe$$4 ,endeav\rs h be5 made to sub/itute = lead1 z9c prep>ations 7z9c :ite1 li?opone1 c471 b hi!rto 79 reg>d to durability1 opacity1 c47 ) incomplete success4 ,m5tion mu/ be made ( ! measures bas$ ^u ! relatively non-poison\s nature ( lead sulphide4 ,lead sulphide is1 9 spite ( v>i\s ass]tions to ! contr>y1 practically non-poison\s2 a fact attributable to its insolubility 9 wat] & weak acids4 ,z lead sulphide is ! only non-poison\s lead comp\nd x is a duty to take advantage ( ?is fact = purposes ( lead prophylaxis4 ,attempts ) ?is end 9 view 7 made by ! introduction ( sulphur soaps 9 lead factories4 ,soaps conta9+ 9 l>ge quantity soluble alkal9e sulphides conv]t lead comp\nds adh]+ to ! sk9 into black lead sulphide4 ,! lead comp\nds are 9 ?is way made h>mless1 & besides ?is ! work] is impell$ to remove ! /a9+ by wa%+4 ,su* a sulphur soap has be5 br\ght into ! m>ket "u ! "n ( akremn9 soap1 b does n enjoy special popul>ity ) ! workm5 on acc\nt ( its unpleasant smell4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ ! risks ( lead employm5t has be5 go+ on ev] s9ce ef=ts = ! protection ( work]s 7 comm5c$4 ,! ,int]national ,association = ,lab\r ,legislation has made valuable inquiries 9 ?is direction4 ,! "q ( lead poison+ _h be5 repeat$ly discuss$ by ?is ,association & its bran*es 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,! ,int]national ,lab\r ,bureau also took up ! issue & 9 #aijf--support$ by ! ,in/itute = ,g5]al ,welf>e 9 ,frankfurt a-,m4--(f]$ a prize = ! be/ treatise on ! prev5tion ( indu/rial lead poison+4 ,! outcome ( ?is competition 0 ! volume compil$ by ,leymann1 #8,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 d] ,indu/rie' 7publi%$ by ,fis*]1 ,j5a1 #aijh74 ,9 connection ) ! resolution adopt$ at ! ?ird ,congress ( ! ,int]national ,association = ,lab\r ,legislation ! ,union ( ,social ,re=m 7z ! ,g]man bran* is call$7 address$ ! ,f$]al ,c\ncil on ! :ite lead "q1 ! *ief po9ts insi/$ ^u be+ ! ne$ =3 7#a7 regulations = ! h\se pa9t+ indu/ry 9 pursuance ( ,section #abj ( ! ,factory ,code2 7#b7 report by ! ,imp]ial ,heal? ,(fice on ! practicability ( sub/itutes = lead2 7#c7 exclusion ( lead col\rs f use 9 ! pa9t+ ( public build+s2 & 7#d7 treatm5t ( lead poison+ by ! ,/ate ,insurance ,(fice z an accid5t entitl+ to comp5sation4 ,^! dem&s 7 support$ by ! c5tral (fice ( ! ,society = ,promot+ ! ,welf>e ( ,work]s1 :i* _h z f> back z its sev5? conf]5ce 9 #ahih occupi$ itself ) ! "q ( dang]\s trades & especially1 at its conf]5ce 9 #aije1 tak5 up ! subject ( ! protection ( work]s aga9/ indu/rial poison+4 ,9 ,g]many ^! ef=ts result$ 9 ! passage ( a numb] ( ,imp]ial ,regulations = sep>ate lead indu/ries4 ,9 o!r c\ntries simil> action 0 set on foot4 ,9 ,au/ria1 :]e ! subject is ( special importance 9 view ( ! "p play$ by lead 9 ! home indu/ries1 ! ,gov]nm5t und]took to improve ! conditions 9 indu/ries att5d$ ) risk ( lead poison+4 ,= ?is purpose ! ,/ati/ical ,(fice ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,comm]ce & ,lab\r has1 s9ce #aijd1 c>ri$ out ext5sive inquiries into lead & z9c smelt+ works1 pa9t & col\r factories1 ! pa9t+ & v>ni%+ trades1 lett]press pr9t+1 & ! c]amic indu/ry4 ,! results are conta9$ 9 ! volume #8,lead ,poison+ 9 ,smelt+ ,works & ,indu/ries ,g5]ally' 7publi%$ by ,hld]1 ,vi5na74 ,z 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 s also 9 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 ,belgium1 & ! ,ne!rl&s1 regulations 9 v>i\s lead indu/ries 7 en=c$ aft] previ\s (ficial inquiry & report4 ,a g5]al code1 h[ev]1 affect+ all lead indu/ries has only be5 publi%$ 9 "o or two /ates4 ,& yet ?is w\ld1 9 my op9ion1 be ( v great practical value z x is h>dly possible to regulate ea* s+le bran* ( indu/ry4 ,9 ,g]many ! ,regulations dat$ ,may #bf1 #aijc1 deal+ ) lead col\rs are c]ta9ly compreh5sive1 b relate prim>ily to pa9t factories1 & are n1 !re=e1 a g5]al ,ord] 9 ! s5se indicat$4 ,9 ,saxony ! decree ( ,june #bg1 #aija1 made notification ( lead poison+ compulsory1 & 9 ! subsequ5t decree ( ,april #af1 #aiji1 prescrib$ g5]al measures aga9/ lead poison+4 ,9 ,switz]l& s+le cantons h made g5]al regulations4 ,9 ,france1 by a decree dat$ ,april #bc1 #aijh 79 pursuance ( ! g5]al law ( ,june #ab1 #ahic71 all indu/ries att5d$ ) risk ( lead poison+ 7 br\ght "u ,regulation4 ,we give ! provisions ( ?is int]e/+ decree1 z x is a good example ( ! k9d ( ,regulations we h 9 m9d4 ,,decree ,,( ,,! ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,republic 7,,april #bc1 #aijh7 ,,relat+ ,,to ,,c]ta9 ,,indu/ries ,,9 ,,:i* ,,lead ,,is ,,us$ #a4 ,9 ! lead indu/ries h]e9aft] m5tion$1 viz43 smelt+1 cupellation ( arg5tif]\s lead1 manufacture ( accumulators1 glass-mak+1 manufacture & use ( lead enamels1 manufacture ( pott]y1 decoration ( porcela9 or fai5ce1 c]amic *romo-li?ography1 manufacture ( lead alloys1 oxides1 salts & col\rs--employ]s1 directors or manag]s are requir$1 ap>t f ! g5]al measures prescrib$ by ! ,decree ( #bi ,novemb]1 #aijd1 to take special measures = protection & heal? z set =? 9 ! foll[+ sections4 #b4 ,lead melt+ pots %all be erect$ 9 an airy place sep>at$ f ! o!r workrooms4 ,hoods or o!r means = ! effectual removal ( fumes %all be provid$3-- 7a7 ,ov] ! op5+s = ! run ( lead & slag 9 lead smelt+4 7b7 ,be=e ! furnace doors 9 ! manufacture ( lead oxides4 7c7 ,above ! pots = melt+ lead or its alloys1 9 ! o!r indu/ries enum]at$ 9 ,section #a4 #c4 ,all "w ) oxides & o!r comp\nds ( lead capable ( produc+ du/ %all be done z f> z possible :5 9 a damp condition4 ,:5 ?is "w _c be done 9 ! pres5ce ( wat] or o!r liquid1 x %all be c>ri$ out by me*anical means1 9 cov]$ air-tight app>atus4 ,if x is impossible to con=m to ! requirem5ts ( ei!r ( ! fir/ two p>agraphs ( ?is section1 ! "w %all be done "u a /rong draught s arrang$ t ! h>mful products may be int]cept$ by app>atus suitably plac$4 ,f9ally1 if none ( ^! sy/ems is possible ! workm5 %all be suppli$ ) respirators4 #d4 ,oxides & o!r comp\nds ( lead1 :e!r dry or damp1 9 susp5sion or solution1 %all n be h&l$ ) ! b>e h&4 ,! employ] %all at 8 own exp5se provide ! work]s 9 ^! op]ations ) ei!r gloves made ( imp]vi\s mat]ial su* z indi>ubb]1 or suitable appliances1 & %all cause !m to be kept 9 good repair & frequ5tly clean$4 #e4 ,tables on :i* ^! products are h&l$ %all be cov]$ ) "s imp]vi\s mat]ial1 kept 9 a p]fectly wat]-tight condition4 ,! same requirem5t applies to ! floors ( ! workrooms1 :i* %all also be kept damp4 ,! floor %all be slightly slop$ t[>ds a wat]-tight receptacle = collect+ ! lead sub/ances :i* are wa%$ d[n4 ,! "w %all be s arrang$ t !re %all be no spla%+4 ,! tables1 floors & walls %all be wa%$ at lea/ once a week4 #f4 ,)\t prejudice to ! requirem5ts ( section #c1 ! gr9d+ & mix+ ( lead products1 & ! use ( !m 9 du/+ %all be effect$ 9 special places ) active v5tilation4 ,if ! mat]ials _c be damp$1 ! work]s %all be provid$ ) respirators4 #g4 ,pott]y %all n be dipp$ ) b>e h&s 9 solutions conta9+ li?>ge1 r$ lead1 gal5a or :ite lead 9 susp5sion4 #h4 ,no food or dr9k %all be br\ght into ! works4 #i4 ,employ]s %all1 at _! own exp5se1 provide & ma9ta9 = ! use ( ! work]s1 ov]alls or clo?+ = use dur+ "w only1 9 addition to gloves & respirators4 #aj4 ,9 a "p ( ! build+ sep>at$ f ! workrooms1 !re %all be provid$ = ! use ( ! work]s expos$ to lead du/ or fumes1 a cloak room & lavatory kept 9 good ord]1 provid$ ) bas9s or taps 9 suffici5t numb]1 a pl5tiful supply ( wat]1 soap & a t[el = ea* work] replac$ at lea/ once a week4 ,! cloak rooms %all be provid$ ) cupbo>ds or draw]s ) locks or padlocks1 ! ord9>y clo?+ be+ kept ap>t f ! work+ clo!s4 #aa4 ,a w>m ba? or %[] ba? %all be provid$ ea* week = ! work]s expos$ to lead du/ or fumes4 ,a w>m ba? or %[] ba? %all be provid$ e day aft] "w1 = ea* work] employ$1 ei!r 9 empty+ or clean+ ! cond5s+ *amb]s & flues1 9 repair+ furnaces 9 lead works1 9 c>ry+ lead corrosions f ! b$s 9 :ite lead factories1 9 pack+ r$ lead1 9 gr9d+ lead enamels & 9 dry du/+4 #ab4 ,employ]s are requir$ to exhibit1 9 a conspicu\s position 9 ! works1 regulations impos+ on ! work]s ! foll[+ obligations3-- ,to use ! appliances1 gloves1 respirators1 & work+ clo!s plac$ at _! disposal4 ,n to br+ into ! works ei!r food or dr9k4 ,to pay great c>e1 be=e ea* meal1 to ! cleanl9ess ( ! m\?1 nose1 & h&s4 ,to take ! ba?s weekly or daily z provid$ 9 section #aa4 #ac4 ,! ,m9i/] ( ,lab\r may1 by ,ord] made ) ! advice ( ! ,consultative ,committee = ,arts & ,manufactures1 exempt an e/abli%m5t = a specifi$ p]iod1 f all or "p ( ! requirem5ts ( ,regs4 #b1 #b1 #b1 #e & #f 9 any case :]e x is f\nd t obs]vance ( ^! requirem5ts is practically impossible1 & t ! heal? & safety ( ! work]s are assur$ by conditions at lea/ equival5t to ^? prescrib$ 9 ! pres5t ,ord]4 #ad4 ,subject to additional po/ponem5ts :i* may be grant$ by ! ,m9i/] 9 pursuance ( ,section #f ( ! ,act ( #ab? ,june1 #ahic 7z am5d$ by t ( #aa? ,july1 #aijc71 ! delay requir$ = ! c>ry+ out ( ! alt]ations necessitat$ by ! pres5t ,decree is limit$ to "o ye> f ! date ( its publication4 #ae4 ,! ,m9i/ry ( ,lab\r is *>g$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( ?is ,decree4 ,?is decree 0 supplem5t$ by fur!r notewor?y additions requir+ m$ical sup]vision 9 lead indu/ries z foll[s3 ,,decree ,,( ,,decemb] #bh1 #aiji1 ,,organis+ ,,m$ical ,,s]vice ,,9 ,,indu/ries ,,expos+ ,,! ,,work]s ,,to ,,risk ,,( ,,lead ,,poison+ #a4 ,9 premises 9 :i* ! processes enum]at$ 9 ,regulation #a ( ! ,decree ( ,april #bc1 #aijh1 are c>ri$ on m$ical att5dance z prescrib$ bel[ %all be provid$4 #b4 ,a surgeon appo9t$ by ! occupi] %all exam9e ! work]s & ent] ! results ( exam9ation requir$ 9 ,regulations #c & #d4 ,! exam9ations %all be paid = by ! occupi]4 #c4 ,no p]son %all be employ$ 9 "w m5tion$ 9 ,regulation #a ( ! ,decree ( ,april #bc1 #aijh1 )\t a c]tificate f ! surgeon /at+ t he is free f symptoms ( lead poison+ & ( illness :i* might r5d] him specially susceptible4 #d4 ,no work] %all rema9 at ! same employm5t unless ! c]tificate is r5ew$ "o mon? aft] comm5cem5t ( employm5t & subsequ5tly at qu>t]ly int]vals4 ,9 addition to ! p]iodical exam9ation ! occupi] %all give an ord] on ! surgeon to e workman decl>+ himself to be ill f 8 employm5t or :o desires to und]go m$ical exam9ation4 #e4 ,a special ,regi/] op5 to ! ,factory ,inspector %all be kept conta9+ ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( ea* work]3 7#a7 ,dates & duration ( abs5ce on acc\nt ( illness ( any k9d2 7#b7 ,dates ( m$ical c]tificates = su* illness1 ! notes made by ! surgeon & ! "n ( ! surgeon furni%+ !m2 7#c7 ,in/ructions giv5 by ! appo9t$ surgeon 9 pursuance ( ,regulations #c & #d above4 ,lead ,smelt+ ,works 7,see also pp4 #abb-ca7 ,z ! fumes 9 lead smelt+ works conta9 a high proportion ( lead1 all app>atus1 especially furnaces & work+ doors1 %\ld be provid$ ) effici5t exhau/ v5tilation & all flues1 furnaces1 & o!r app>atus be z airtight z possible4 ,:]e lead du/ is creat$ exhau/ v5tilation locally appli$ is necess>y4 ,two ( ! mo/ important prev5tive measures are p]sonal cleanl9ess & alt]nation ( employm5t4 ,du/ aris+ 9 ! furnaces & borne along by ! furnace gases toge!r ) ars5ical fumes & du/ mu/ be deposit$ 9 flues or *amb]s4 ,9 view ( ! importance ( prop] in/ruction ( smelt]s z reg>ds ! dang] we quote ! w>n+ note prep>$ by ! ,in/itute = ,indu/rial ,hygi5e1 ,frankfurt a4-,m41 :i* des]ves wide circulation4 ,,lead ,,leaflet ,,= ,,smelt]s ,h[ does ,lead ,poison+ arise8 ,! dang] ( lead poison+ 9 lead1 spelt] & o!r smelt+ premises c be avoid$ if due c>e is obs]v$4 ,lead poison+ occurs :5 lead ent]s ! sy/em4 ,?is takes place by brea?+ du/ & fume conta9+ lead1 or by eat+ & dr9k+1 smok+1 snuff tak+ & tobacco *ew+ if food or tobacco is tak5 into ! m\? ) dirty h&s & dirty face & be>d4 ,no "o is immune f lead4 ,lead accumulates 9 ! body ( c>eless p]sons & he :o is n sick to-day c be s to-morr[ or aft] weeks or mon?s4 ,h[ c ,plumbism be avoid$8 ,all smelt]s mu/ obs]ve cleanl9ess4 ,9 ?is respect !y %\ld see to ! foll[+ po9ts3 #a4 ,x is to _! int]e/ to see t ! exhau/ v5tilation is kept 9 ord] & t ! ,special ,rules or ,regulations are exactly foll[$4 ,fur!r1 special clo?+ %\ld be worn1 ! m\? & nose %\ld be cov]$1 & ! floors spr9kl$4 #b4 ,x is especially important t 9 int]vals & at ! close ( "w ! m\?1 face1 be>d1 & h&s %\ld be c>efully clean$4 ,food %\ld n be eat5 or ! premises left )\t putt+ on fre% clo!s & ?or\ghly wa%+ or1 /ill bett]1 ba?+4 ,:5 dr9k+1 ! edge ( ! dr9k+ glass %\ld n be f+]$ ) dirty h&s4 ,especially important is x t ! tee? %\ld be clean$ & ! m\? wa%$ out4 #c4 ,dur+ "w smok+1 snuff tak+1 & tobacco *ew+1 :i* inv>iably convey lead into ! m\?1 %\ld be giv5 up1 z x is impossible to prev5t ! h&s gett+ contam9at$ ) lead4 ,light+ ! pipe ) gl[+ lead a%es is 9 ! highe/ degree dang]\s f ! risk ( inhal+ lead fume4 ,! body mu/ be /r5g!n$ to )/& ! action ( lead4 ,mod]ation 9 dr9k+1 especially avoidance ( spirits1 %\ld be obs]v$4 ,alcoholic subjects succumb to lead poison+ mu* m readily ?an ! temp]ate4 ,food %\ld be abundant & ri* 9 fat1 = example milk & bacon4 ,?ick s\ps are excell5t be=e "w4 ,"w %\ld nev] be begun on an empty /oma*4 ,& la/ly z mu* fre% air z possible4 ,walk+1 a?letics1 "w 9 ! g>d5 & field w help to keep (f _m an attack4 ,if anyone ?9ks t he is suff]+ f lead poison+ he %\ld at once 9 8 own & 8 family's int]e/ see ! doctor ( 8 sick club4 ,! foll[+ are ! ,,g]man ,,imp]ial ,,regulations ,,= ,,lead ,,smelt+ ,,works1 ,,dat$ ,,june #af1 #aije ,g5]al ,regulations #a4 ,workrooms 9 :i* lead ores are roa/$1 s9t]$1 or smelt$1 pig lead produc$ & submitt$ to fur!r treatm5t1 di/illation ( ri* lead 7bullion cupellation7 li?>ge1 r$ lead1 or o!r oxides ( lead prep>$1 gr\nd or siev$1 /or$ or pack$1 or z9c skimm+s di/ill$1 %all be roomy1 high1 & s arrang$ t a suffici5t con/ant ex*ange ( air takes place4 ,!y %all be provid$ ) a level & solid floor to all[ ( easy removal ( du/ by a moi/ me?od4 ,! walls %all be smoo? s z to prev5t collection ( du/2 !y %all be ei!r wa%$ d[n or lime wa%$ at lea/ once a ye>4 ,provid$ t ?is %all n apply 9 ! case ( calc9+ %$s ) wood5 walls4 #b4 ,an abundant supply ( good dr9k+ wat]1 protect$ aga9/ contam9ation f du/1 %all be provid$ = ! work]s on ! furnaces & smelt+ pots1 & 9 su* close proximity to !m1 t !y c obta9 x at any "t )\t hav+ to g into ! op5 air4 ,arrangem5ts = spr9kl+ ! floors %all be provid$ ne> ! furnaces4 ,! floors ( ! rooms m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #a %all be wet cleans$ at lea/ once daily4 #c4 ,prep>$ 7i4e4 conc5trat$7 lead ores & leady smelt+ products1 unless moi/1 %all n be cru%$ except 9 an app>atus s arrang$ z to prev5t z f> z possible p5etration ( du/ into ! workrooms4 ,provid$ t ?is %all n apply to calc9$ mat]ial f conv]t]s4 ,sacks 9 :i* lead ores & mat]ials conta9+ lead h be5 pack$ %all n be fre$ f du/ & clean$ except 9 a du/-pro( app>atus or by wa%+4 #d4 ,mat]ials conta9+ lead = *>g+ ! bla/-furnaces1 if !y are oxides & =m du/1 %all be damp$ be=e !y are mix$ ) o!r mat]ials1 /ock$ on ! fe$+ floor1 or *>g$ into ! bla/-furnaces4 ,provid$ t ?is %all n apply 9 ! case ( calc9$ mat]ial f conv]t]s4 #e4 ,du/1 gases1 & lead fumes1 escap+ f furnaces1 & conv]t]s1 tapp+ sp\ts1 tapp+ pots1 dra9 sump1 slag pots1 slag c>s1 or slag *annels1 & f gl[+ residues tak5 f ! furnaces1 %all be caught z ne> z possible to ! po9t ( orig9 & remov$ h>mlessly4 ,du/ collect+ *amb]s1 flues1 z well z furnaces :i* h be5 #8bl[n d[n1' %all n be ent]$ by workm5 unless suffici5tly cool$ & v5tilat$4 ,special ,regulations = su* p>ts ( a factory :]e lead col\rs are prep>$ #f4 ,9 gr9d+1 siev+ & pack+ dry leady mat]ials1 9 *>g+1 & empty+ li?>ge & r$ lead furnaces1 9 collect+ ! r$ lead & simil> op]ations 9 :i* leady du/ is develop$1 exhau/ arrangem5ts %all be provid$ = prev5t+ ! entrance ( du/ into ! workrooms4 #g4 ,app>atus produc+ leady du/1 if _! con/ruction & mann] ( use does n effectually prev5t evolution ( du/1 %all h all cracks protect$ by ?ick lay]s ( felt or wooll5 mat]ial1 or by simil> means1 s z to prev5t ! entrance ( du/ into ! workrooms4 ,app>atus ( ?is "* %all be provid$ ) arrangem5ts = prev5t+ compression ( air 9 !m4 ,!y %all only be op5$ :5 ! du/ 9 !m %all h completely settl$1 & !y are absolutely cool4 ,special arrangem5ts 9 =ce = ! di/illation ( z9c skimm+s #h4 ,propos$ new furnaces = ! di/illation ( z9c skimm+s 7= :i* accord+ to p>s4 #af & #be ( ! ,indu/rial ,code a special p]mission is requir$7 %all be s arrang$ t 7#a7 !re %all be at lea/ a cle> space ( #aj feet 9 front ( ! *>g+ op5+2 7#b7 any passages "u ! di/illation rooms %all be roomy1 at lea/ #aa feet high 9 ! c5tre1 light & airy4 #i4 ,du/1 gases1 & fumes aris+ f ! z9c skimm+s di/illation furnaces %all be collect$ z ne> z possible to ! po9t ( orig91 & c>ri$ outside ! smelt+ room4 ,! entrance ( gases f ! fires into ! smelt+ room %all be prev5t$ z f> z possible by suitable arrangem5ts = draw+ !m (f4 #aj4 ,siev+ & pack+ ( by-products obta9$ 9 ! di/illation ( z9c skimm+s 7p\ssire1 flue du/7 %all n be done except 9 a special room sep>at$ f ! o!r workrooms1 & comply+ ) ! requirem5ts ( ,reg4 #a4 ,siev+ %all only be done 9 an app>atus s con/ruct$ t du/ %all n escape4 ,employm5t ( work]s4 #aa4 ,wom5 & "y p]sons %all n be employ$ or p]mitt$ 9 rooms m5tion$ 9 ,reg4 #a1 9 flue du/ *amb]s1 or du/ flues1 or 9 ! removal ( flue du/4 #ab4 ,no p]son %all be newly employ$ 9 rooms m5tion$ 9 ,reg4 #a1 9 flue du/ *amb]s1 or du/ flues1 or 9 ! transport ( flue du/1 )\t a c]tificate ( fitness f ! surgeon appo9t$ by ! high] au?orities4 ,^! c]tificates %all be collect$ & %[n to ! ,factory ,inspector & ,appo9t$ ,surgeon on reque/4 #ac4 ,no p]son %all be employ$ 9 *>g+ bla/ furnaces1 ap>t f m]e lab\r+ "w on ! floors1 = m ?an eight h\rs daily4 ,! same %all apply 9 ! case ( workm5 employ$ 9 ! inside ( furnaces :5 cool1 or 9 empty+ flue du/ *amb]s1 or du/ flues :i* conta9 wet flue du/4 ,no p]son %all be employ$ 9 clean+ out1 f inside1 flue du/ *amb]s1 or du/ flues conta9+ dry flue du/ = m ?an f\r h\rs daily2 & includ+ empty+ & "w ( transport ( ?is k9d altoge!r no long] ?an eight h\rs daily4 ,o!r work]s 9 rooms specifi$ 9 ,reg4 #a %all n "w m ?an #aj h\rs 9 #bd1 exclusive ( mealtimes4 ,exception to ?is is all[$ 9 ! case ( ^? work]s :o are employ$ = ! purpose ( a weekly *ange ( %ift1 & = :om exception z to ,sunday employm5t is p]mitt$ by ,imp]ial ,decree4 ,clo?+1 ov]alls1 lavatory accommodation1 c4 #ad4 ,! occupi] %all provide = all p]sons employ$ 9 clean+ out flue du/ *amb]s1 du/ flues1 repair+ ( cool$ furnaces1 gr9d+1 siev+ & pack+ ( li?>ge1 r$ lead1 or o!r lead col\rs1 complete suits ( work+ clo!s1 includ+ caps & respirators4 #ae4 ,"w ) lead salts 9 solution %all n be done except by work]s :o ei!r grease _! h&s or are provid$ ) imp]meable gloves4 #af4 ,! suit ( clo!s1 or ov]alls1 provid$ 9 ,regs4 #ad & #ae1 respirators & gloves1 %all be provid$ 9 suffici5t am\nt & 9 prop] condition4 ,! occupi] %all see t !y are always suitable = _! purpose1 & are n worn except by ^? work]s = :om !y are int5d$2 & t !y1 at /at$ int]vals 7! ov]alls at lea/ once a week1 ! respirators & gloves prior to use71 are clean$1 & dur+ ! "t t !y are n 9 use are kept 9 a place specially res]v$ = ea* article4 #ag4 ,a lavatory & cloak room %all be provid$ = ! use ( ! workm5 9 a "p ( ! build+ free f du/4 ,sep>ate f x !re %all be a d9+-room4 ,^! rooms mu/ be kept free f du/ & be w>m$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 a suitable place provision %all be made = w>m+ ! work]s' food4 ,wat]1 soap1 & t[els1 & arrangem5ts = keep+ sep>ate ! ov]alls f o!r clo?+ tak5 (f be=e ! comm5cem5t ( "w %all be provid$ 9 suffici5t am\nt 9 ! lavatory & cloak room4 ,! occupi] %all af=d opportunity = p]sons engag$ 9 clean+ out flue du/ *amb]s1 du/ flues1 & ! cool$ furnaces1 to take a ba? daily aft] ! end ( ! "w1 & = ^? h&l+ oxides ( lead1 at lea/ once a week1 dur+ work+ h\rs inside ! works4 ,! ba?room %all be w>m$ dur+ ! w9t]4 #ah4 ,! occupi] %all place ! sup]vision ( ! heal? ( ! work]s 9 ! h&s ( a surgeon1 appo9t$ by ! high] au?orities = ?is purpose1 ^: "n %all be s5t to ! ,inspector ( ,factories4 ,! surgeon %all exam9e ! work]s at lea/ once a mon? 9 ! factory1 ) a view to ! detection ( symptoms ( lead poison+4 ,! occupi] %all n employ p]sons suspect$ by ! surgeon ( hav+ contract$ lead poison+ 9 ! processes m5tion$ 9 ,reg4 #a or 9 clean+ out flue du/ *amb]s1 du/ flues1 or furnaces :5 cold1 or transport ( ! flue du/1 until !y are q well4 ,^? :o appe> peculi>ly susceptible %all be p]man5tly susp5d$ f work+ 9 ^! processes4 #ai4 ,! ,heal? ,regi/] %all be %[n to ! ,factory ,inspector & ,appo9t$ ,surgeon on dem&4 7,simil> to ,reg4 #ae ( ,spelt] ,regulations47 #bj4 ,! occupi] %all require ! work]s to subscribe to ! foll[+ conditions3-- 7#a7 ,food mu/ n be tak5 into ! workrooms4 ,meals may only be tak5 outside ! workrooms4 7#b7 ,workm5 mu/ only ent] ! meal room to take _! meals or leave ! factory1 aft] !y h tak5 (f _! ov]alls & c>efully wa%$ _! face & h&s4 7#c7 ,workm5 mu/ use ! ov]alls1 respirators & gloves 9 ^? workrooms & = ! p>ticul> processes = :i* !y are giv5 !m4 7#d7 ,cig> & cig>ette smok+ dur+ "w is =bidd54 7#e7 ,a ba? 9 ! factory mu/ be tak5 e day at ! close ( _! "w by ^? engag$ 9 ! empty+ & clean+ ( flue du/ *amb]s1 flues1 & furnaces :5 cold1 & by ^? employ$ on oxides ( lead once a week4 ,provid$ t ?is %all n apply 9 ! case ( workm5 exempt$ by ! appo9t$ surgeon4 ,work]s contrav5+ ^! ord]s w be liable to dismissal )\t fur!r notice4 #ba4 ,9 e workroom1 z well z 9 ! cloak room & meal room1 !re %all be po/$ up by ! occupi]1 9 a conspicu\s place & 9 cle> *>act]s1 a notice ( ^! regulations4 ,! occupi] is responsible = see+ t ! requirem5t ( ,reg4 #bj 7#a7 is obey$4 ,he %all make a manag] or =eman responsible = ! precise c>ry+ out ( ,reg4 #bj 7#a7 7#b7 & 7#e74 ,! p]son ?us made responsible %all see to ! c>ry+ out ( ! regulations & = ! ex]cise ( necess>y c>e z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aea ( ! ,factory ,act4 #bb4 ,no "w 9 a lead smelt+ works %all be comm5c$ until notice ( its erection has be5 s5t to ! ,factory ,inspector4 ,aft] receipt ( ! notice he %all p]sonally visit to see :e!r ! arrangem5ts are 9 accordance ) ^! regulations4 #bc4 ,^! regulations come into =ce on #a/ ,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,:]e /ructural alt]ations are necess>y = ! c>ry+ out ( ,regs4 #a1 #e 7#a71 #f1 #i1 #aj & #ag1 ! high] au?orities may all[ an ext5sion ( "t to a date n lat] ?an ,janu>y #a/1 #aijh4 ,if x seems necess>y on /rong gr\nds ( public int]e/1 ! ,c\ncil 7,bundesra?7 may ext5d ! "t 9 p>ticul> works until #a/ ,janu>y1 #aiac1 & until !n all[ exceptions f ! regulations z reg>ds ,reg4 #ac 7#a7 & 7#b74 ,accumulator ,factories ,dr4 ,ramb\sek gives a v brief synopsis ( ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations 9 =ce = ?is indu/ry & m5tions t 9 ,great ,brita9 ! ,regulations ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate dat$ #aijc are simil>4 ,we h pr9t$ ^!1 z ! code is fairly repres5tative ( ! ,engli% ,regulations = 7#a7 smelt+ ( metals2 7#b7 pa9ts & col\rs2 7#c7 t9n+ ( holl[ w>e2 7#d7 y>n dy$ ) *romate ( lead2 7#e7 vitre\s enamell+2 & ! special rules = 7#f7 :ite lead & 7#g7 e>!nw>e3 ,,regulations ,,dat$ ,,novemb] #ba1 #aijc1 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,/ate ,,= ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,electric ,,accumulators ,:]eas ! manufacture ( electric accumulators has be5 c]tifi$ 9 pursuance ( ,section #gi ( ! ,factory & ,work%op ,act1 #aija1 to be dang]\s2 ,i h]eby1 9 pursuance ( ! p[]s conf]r$ on me by t ,act1 make ! foll[+ regulations1 & direct t !y %all apply to all factories & work%ops or p>ts !re( 9 :i* electric accumulators are manufactur$4 ,def9itions4--,9 ^! ,regulations #8lead process' means pa/+1 ca/+1 lead burn+1 or any "w involv+ contact ) dry comp\nds ( lead4 ,any approval giv5 by ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories 9 pursuance ( ^! ,regulations %all be giv5 9 writ+1 & may at any "t be revok$ by notice 9 writ+ sign$ by him4 ,duties ( ,occupi] #a4 ,v5tilation4--,e room 9 :i* ca/+1 pa/+ or lead burn+ is c>ri$ on %all conta9 at lea/ #ejj cubic feet ( air space = ea* p]son employ$ !re91 & 9 comput+ ?is air space1 no height above #ad feet %all be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,^! rooms & t 9 :i* ! plates are =m$ %all be capable ( ?r\gh v5tilation4 ,!y %all be provid$ ) w9d[s made to op54 #b4 ,sep>ation ( processes4--,ea* ( ! foll[+ processes %all be c>ri$ on 9 su* mann] & "u su* conditions z to secure effectual sep>ation f "o ano!r & f any o!r process3 7a7 ,manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead2 7b7 ,pa/+2 7c7 ,=mation1 & lead burn+ necess>ily c>ri$ on !re)2 7d47 ,melt+ d[n ( old plates4 ,provid$ t manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead c>ri$ on z 9 ,regulation #e 7b7 ne$ n be sep>at$ f pa/+4 #c4 ,floors4--,! floors ( ! rooms 9 :i* manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or pa/+ is c>ri$ on %all be ( cem5t or simil> imp]vi\s mat]ial1 & %all be kept con/antly moi/ :ile "w is be+ done4 ,! floors ( ^! rooms %all be wa%$ ) a hose pipe daily4 #d4 ,melt+ pots4--,e melt+ pot %all be cov]$ ) a hood & %aft s arrang$ z to remove ! fumes & hot air f ! workrooms4 ,lead a%es & old plates %all be kept 9 receptacles especially provid$ = ! purpose4 #e4 ,manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead4--,manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead 9 ! mix+ ( ! pa/e or o!r processes1 %all n be done except 7a7 9 an app>atus s clos$1 or s arrang$ ) an exhau/ draught1 z to prev5t ! escape ( du/ into ! "w room3 or 7b7 at a b5* provid$ ) 7#a7 effici5t exhau/ draught & air guide s arrang$ z to draw ! du/ away f ! work]1 & 7#b7 a grat+ on :i* ea* receptacle ( ! comp\nd ( lead 9 use at ! "t %all /&4 #f4 ,cov]+ ( b5*es4--,! b5*es at :i* pa/+ is done %all be cov]$ ) %eet lead or o!r imp]vi\s mat]ial1 & %all h rais$ edges4 #g4 ,prohibition ( employm5t4--,no woman1 "y p]son1 or *ild %all be employ$ 9 ! manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+4 #h4 7a7 ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4--,a duly qualifi$ m$ical practition] 79 ^! ,regulations ref]r$ to z ! #8,appo9t$ ,surgeon'7 :o may be ! ,c]tify+ ,surgeon1 %all be appo9t$ by ! occupi]1 su* appo9tm5t unless held by ! ,c]tify+ ,surgeon to be subject to ! approval ( ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories4 7b7 ,m$ical exam9ation4--,e p]son employ$ 9 a lead process %all be exam9$ once a mon? by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon1 :o %all h p[] to susp5d f employm5t 9 any lead process4 7c7 ,no p]son aft] su* susp5sion %all be employ$ 9 a lead process )\t writt5 sanction ent]$ 9 ! ,heal? ,regi/] by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4 ,x %all be suffici5t compliance ) ?is regulation = a writt5 c]tificate to be giv5 by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon & atta*$ to ! ,heal? ,regi/]1 su* c]tificate to be replac$ by a prop] entry 9 ! ,heal? ,regi/] at ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon's next visit4 7d7 ,heal? ,regi/]4--,a ,heal? ,regi/] 9 a =m approv$ by ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories %all be kept1 & %all conta9 a li/ ( all p]sons employ$ 9 lead processes4 ,! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon w ent] 9 ! ,heal? ,regi/] ! dates & results ( 8 exam9ations ( ! p]sons employ$ & p>ticul>s ( any directions giv5 by him4 ,he %all on a prescrib$ =m furni% to ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories on ! #a/ day ( ,janu>y 9 ea* ye> a li/ ( ! p]sons susp5d$ by him dur+ ! previ\s ye>1 ! cause & duration ( su* susp5sion1 & ! numb] ( exam9ations made4 ,! ,heal? ,regi/] %all be produc$ at any "t :5 requir$ by ,h4,m4 ,inspectors ( ,factories or by ! ,c]tify+ ,surgeon or by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4 #i4 ,ov]alls4--,ov]alls %all be provid$ = all p]sons employ$ 9 manipulat+ dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+4 ,! ov]alls %all be wa%$ or r5ew$ once e week4 #aj4 ,cloak & d9+ rooms4--,! occupi] %all provide & ma9ta93 7a7 a cloak room 9 :i* work]s c deposit clo?+ put (f dur+ work+ h\rs4 ,sep>ate & suitable arrangem5ts %all be made = ! /orage ( ! ov]alls requir$ 9 ,regulation #i4 7b7 a d9+ room unless ! factory is clos$ dur+ meal h\rs4 #aa4 ,food1 c4--,no p]son %all be all[$ to introduce1 keep1 prep>e or p>take ( any food1 dr9k1 or tobacco1 9 any room 9 :i* a lead process is c>ri$ on4 ,suitable provision %all be made = ! deposit ( food br\ght by ! work]s4 ,?is regulation %all n apply to any sanit>y dr9k provid$ by ! occupi] & approv$ by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4 #ab4 ,wa%+4--,! occupi] %all provide & ma9ta9 = ! use ( ! p]sons employ$ 9 lead processes a lavatory1 ) soap1 nail bru%es1 t[els1 & at lea/ "o lavatory bas9 = e five su* p]sons4 ,ea* su* bas9 %all be provid$ ) a wa/e pipe1 or ! bas9s %all be plac$ on a tr\gh fitt$ ) a wa/e pipe4 ,!re %all be a con/ant supply ( hot & cold wat] laid on to ea* bas94 ,or1 9 ! place ( bas9s ! occupi] %all provide & ma9ta9 tr\ghs ( enamel or simil> smoo? imp]vi\s mat]ial1 9 good repair1 ( a total l5g? ( two feet = e five p]sons employ$1 fitt$ ) wa/e pipes1 & )\t plugs1 ) a suffici5t supply ( w>m wat] con/antly available4 ,! lavatory %all be kept ?or\ghly cleans$ & %all be suppli$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( clean t[els once e day4 #ac4 ,be=e ea* meal & be=e ! end ( ! day's "w1 at lea/ t5 m9utes1 9 addition to ! regul> meal times1 %all be all[$ = wa%+ to ea* p]son :o has be5 employ$ 9 ! manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+4 ,provid$ t if ! lavatory accommodation specially res]v$ = su* p]sons exce$s t requir$ by ,regulation #ab1 ! "t all[ance may be proportionately r$uc$1 & t if !re be "o bas9 or two feet ( tr\gh = ea* su* p]son ?is ,regulation %all n apply4 #ad4 ,ba?s4--,suffici5t ba? accommodation %all be provid$ = all p]sons engag$ 9 ! manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+1 ) hot & cold wat] laid on1 & a suffici5t supply ( soap & t[els4 ,?is rule %all n apply if 9 consid]ation ( ! special circum/ances ( any p>ticul> case1 ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories approves ! use ( local public ba?s :5 conv5i5tly ne>1 "u ! conditions 7if any7 nam$ 9 su* approval4 #ae4 ,clean+4--,! floors & b5*es ( ea* workroom %all be ?or\ghly cleans$ daily1 at a "t :5 no o!r "w is be+ c>ri$ on 9 ! room4 ,duties ( ,p]sons ,employ$ #af4 ,m$ical exam9ation4--,all p]sons employ$ 9 lead processes %all pres5t !mselves at ! appo9t$ times = exam9ation by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon z provid$ 9 ,regulation #h4 ,no p]son aft] susp5sion %all "w 9 a lead process1 9 any factory or work%op 9 :i* electric accumulators are manufactur$1 )\t writt5 sanction ent]$ 9 ! ,heal? ,regi/] by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4 #ag4 ,ov]alls4--,e p]son employ$ 9 ! manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+ %all we> ! ov]alls provid$ "u ,regulation #i4 ,! ov]alls1 :5 n be+ worn1 & clo?+ put (f dur+ work+ h\rs1 %all be deposit$ 9 ! places provid$ "u ,regulation #aj4 #ah4 ,food1 c4--,no p]son %all introduce1 keep1 prep>e1 or p>take ( any food1 dr9k 7o!r ?an any sanit>y dr9k provid$ by ! occupi] & approv$ by ! ,appo9t$ ,surgeon71 or tobacco 9 any room 9 :i* a lead process is c>ri$ on4 #ai4 ,wa%+4--,no p]son employ$ 9 a lead process %all leave ! premises or p>take ( meals )\t previ\sly & c>efully clean+ & wa%+ ! h&s4 #bj4 ,ba?s4--,e p]son employ$ 9 ! manipulation ( dry comp\nds ( lead or 9 pa/+ %all take a ba? at lea/ once a week4 #ba4 ,int]f]5ce ) safety appliances4--,no p]son %all 9 any way int]f]e1 )\t ! concurr5ce ( ! occupi] or manag]1 ) ! means & appliances provid$ = ! removal ( ! du/ or fumes1 & = ! c>ry+ out ( ^! ,regulations4 ,^! ,regulations %all come into =ce on ! #a/ day ( ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,:ite ,lead 7,see also pp4 #aca & #acb7 ,9 ! manufacture ( :ite lead processes :i* create du/ are specially dang]\s1 namely1 empty+ ! corrosion *amb]s1 dry+ & gr9d+1 transport ( ! mat]ial 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & pack+4 ,! foll[+ measures are call$ =3 empty+ ! *amb]s %\ld only be done by m5 we>+ respirators or equipp$ ) brea?+ helmets aft] prelim9>y damp+ ( ! corrosions by means ( a spray4 ,use ( a vacuum clean+ app>atus sugge/s itself4 ,dry+ %\ld be done z f> z possible 9 /oves *>g$ me*anically1 ! temp]ature 9 :i* c be wat*$ f ! outside2 gr9d+ mu/ be done 9 clos$ & v5tilat$ mills2 transport ( ! dri$ mat]ial %\ld be effect$ by me*anical means or vacuum app>atus1 & pack+ %\ld be done 9 me*anical pack+ ma*9es4 ,fur!r1 cleanl9ess & /rict discipl9e are ess5tial4 ,alt]nation ( employm5t is advisable4 ,! "q ( sub/itutes = :ite lead is ref]r$ to on p4 #bic4 ,manufacture ( r$ lead calls = precisely simil> prev5tive measures4 ,*>g+ & empty+ ! oxidis+ furnaces %\ld be done "u effici5t exhau/ v5tilation4 ,conveyance1 sift+1 & gr9d+ ( ! cool$ mat]ial requires to be done 9 ! same way z has be5 describ$ = :ite lead4 ,9 ! production ( *rome col\rs 7lead *romates7 besides ! dang] f lead ! injuri\s action ( *rome has to be borne 9 m9d4 ,regulations = :ite lead factories h be5 made 9 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 & ,great ,brita94 ,we give bel[ ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations dat$ ,may #bf1 #aijc4 ,,regulations ,,= ,,manufacture ,,( ,,lead ,,col\rs ,,& ,,lead ,,products 7#a7 ,! foll[+ regulations apply to all premises 9 :i* lead col\rs or o!r *emical lead products 7:ite lead1 *romate ( lead1 masicot1 li?>ge1 m9ium1 p]oxide ( lead1 ,cassel yell[1 ,engli% yell[1 ,naples yell[1 lead iodide1 lead acetate1 c41 are manufactur$71 or 9 :i* mixtures ( lead are prep>$ z ! pr9cipal or z a subsidi>y bus9ess4 ,!y %all n apply to lead smelt+ works1 ev5 ?\gh processes nam$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 are c>ri$ on4 ,nei!r %all !y apply to workplaces 9 :i* manufactur$ col\rs are intimately mix$ or gr\nd 9 oil or v>ni% 9 connection ) ano!r indu/ry4 7#b7 ,! workrooms 9 :i* ! mat]ials m5tion$ 9 p>agraph #a are prep>$ or pack$ %all be roomy1 l(ty1 & s arrang$ t suffici5t & con/ant ex*ange ( air c take place4 ,!y %all be provid$ ) a solid & smoo? floor p]mitt+ ( easy removal ( du/ by a moi/ me?od4 ,! floor1 unless = purposes ( manufacture1 %all be kept con/antly wet1 & %all be wet cleans$ at lea/ once daily4 ,! walls1 :5 n ( a smoo? wa%able surface or pa9t$ ) oil1 %all be :itewa%$ at lea/ once a ye>4 7#c7 ,! entrance ( lead du/1 or fumes1 into ! workrooms %all be prev5t$ by suitable means z f> z possible4 ,rooms :i* _c be ?us protect$ mu/ be s sep>at$ f o!r rooms t nei!r du/ nor fumes c ent] !m4 7#d7 ,lead melt+ pots %all be cov]$ ) a hood & %aft communicat+ directly or by a *imney ) ! op5 air4 7#h7,l ,gr9d+1 siev+1 & pack+ dry lead comp\nds1 empty+ li?>ge & m9ium furnaces1 & o!r op]ations 9 :i* lead du/ is g5]at$1 %all n be done except "u an exhau/ draught1 or o!r effici5t means = prev5t+ ! entrance ( du/ into ! workrooms4 ,9 ! pack+ ( col\rs conta9+ only a little lead1 9 small am\nts1 or 9 small packages = retail purposes1 exception to ^! regulations c be all[$ by ! high] au?orities4 7#i7 ,ma*9es g5]at+ lead du/ & n effici5tly protect$ by _! con/ruction or me?od ( use aga9/ ! escape ( du/1 %all h all cracks occlud$ by means ( ?ick lay]s ( felt or simil> mat]ial1 s z to prev5t ! entrance ( du/ into ! workrooms4 ,ma*9es ( ?is k9d %all be provid$ ) arrangem5ts prev5t+ pressure ( ! air inside4 ,!y %all n be op5$ until !y are cool1 & until ! du/ g5]at$ has settl$4 7#aj7 ,wom5 %all n be employ$ 9 factories 9 :i* ! col\rs specifi$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 are prep>$ except 9 "w :i* does n expose !m to ! action ( lead du/ or fumes4 ,"y p]sons %all n be employ$ nor be all[$ on ! premises 9 factories conc]n$ exclusively or 9 great "p ) ! prep>ation ( lead col\rs or o!r lead comp\nds4 7#aa7 ,no p]son %all be employ$ 9 rooms :]e ! processes specifi$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 are c>ri$ on :o is n provid$ ) a c]tificate f a qualifi$ surgeon /at+ t he is physically fit & free f disease ( ! lungs1 kidneys1 & /oma*1 & t he is n addict$ to alcohol4 ,?is c]tificate %all be kept & produc$ on dem& to ! ,factory ,inspector or ,appo9t$ ,surgeon4 7#ab7 ,no p]son %all be employ$ 9 pack+ lead col\rs or mixtures conta9+ lead or o!r lead comp\nds 9 a dry /ate1 or ) ! coop]+ ( ! fill$ casks = m ?an eight h\rs daily4 ,?is regulation %all n apply :]e ! pack+ ma*9es are provid$ ) effectual exhau/ arrangem5ts1 or s con/ruct$ & us$ z effectually to prev5t ! escape ( du/4 ,no p]son "u #ah ye>s ( age %all be employ$ 9 ! process m5tion$ 9 ! above p>agraph1 b exception c be all[$ 9 ! pack+ ( col\rs conta9+ lead 9 small am\nt1 or 9 small packages = retail purposes1 on application to ! high] au?orities4 ,= ! re/1 no p]son com+ into contact ) lead or lead comp\nds %all be employ$ = m ?an #aj h\rs )9 ! space ( #bd h\rs4 7#ac7 ,! occupi] %all provide ov]alls & head-cov]+s = all p]sons com+ into contact ) lead or lead comp\nds1 & suitable footwe> = ^? empty+ ! oxidis+ *amb]s4 7#ad7 ,! occupi] %all n all[ "w involv+ exposure to du/ to be p]=m$ except by work]s provid$ ) respirators or moi/ sponges cov]+ ! nose & m\?4 7#ae7 ,! occupi] %all n all[ "w involv+ contact ) soluble salts ( lead to be done except by work]s provid$ ) wat]pro( gloves or by ^? ^: h&s h previ\sly be5 sme>$ ) vasel9e4 7#af7 ,! occupi] %all provide ! ov]alls1 respirators1 c41 m5tion$ 9 p>agraphs 7#ac7 7#ad7 & 7#ae7 = ea* "o ( ! work]s 9 suffici5t numb] & 9 good condition4 ,he %all take c>e t !y are us$ only by ! work]s to :om !y are sev]ally assign$1 & t 9 ! int]vals ( "w & dur+ ! "t :5 !y are n 9 use !y %all be kept 9 _! appo9t$ place4 ,ov]alls %all be wa%$ e week1 & ! respirators1 sponges1 & gloves be=e ea* "t t !y are us$4 7#ag7 ,lavatories & cloak rooms1 &1 sep>ate f ^!1 a mess room1 %all be provid$ = ! work]s com+ into contact ) lead or lead comp\nds 9 a "p ( ! works free f du/4 ,^! rooms %all be kept 9 a cleanly condition1 free f du/1 & %all be heat$ dur+ ! cold seasons4 ,9 ! meal room or 9 "s o!r suitable place !re %all be means = w>m+ food4 ,! lavatories & cloak rooms %all be provid$ ) wat]1 vessels = r9s+ ! m\?1 nail bru%es = clean+ ! h&s & nails1 soap1 & t[els4 ,arrangem5ts %all also be made = keep+ sep>ate clo!s worn dur+ "w f ^! tak5 (f be=e ! comm5cem5t ( "w4 ,! occupi] %all give facilities = all p]sons employ$ 9 empty+ ! oxidiz+ *amb]s to h a w>m ba? daily aft] ! end ( ! "w1 & = ^? p]sons com+ into contact ) lead or lead comp\nds1 twice weekly4 ,! "t = ?is %all be dur+ ! h\rs ( "w1 & 9 ! cold season ! ba? room1 :i* mu/ be on ! factory premises1 %all be heat$4 7#ah7 ,! occupi] %all appo9t a duly qualifi$ m$ical practition]1 ^: "n %all be s5t to ! ,inspector ( ,factories & to ! ,heal? ,au?ority4 ,he %all exam9e ! work]s at lea/ twice e mon? ) a view to ! detection ( symptoms ( lead poison+4 ,! occupi] %all n employ work]s suspect$ ( symptoms ( lead poison+ 9 occupations expos+ !m to lead or lead comp\nds until !y h completely recov]$4 ,^? :o appe> peculi>ly susceptible %all be susp5d$ p]man5tly f "w4 7#ai7 ,! occupi] %all keep a book1 or make "s (ficial responsible = its keep+1 record+ any *ange 9 ! p]sonnel employ$ 9 lead or lead comp\nds & z to _! /ate ( heal?4 ,he %all be responsible = ! complet5ess & correctness ( ! entries except ^? made by ! surgeon4 ,! rema9+ regulations z to entries 9 ! ,heal? ,regi/]1 c41 are simil> to ^? already giv5 9 ! ,regulations = lead smelt+ works on p4 #cjj4 ,use ( ,lead ,col\rs 7,see also pp4 #acb-d7 ,z expla9$ on pp4 #acb-acd use ( lead 9 ! pa9t+ & v>ni%+ trades frequ5tly causes lead poison+4 ,?is has l$ to regulations 9 v>i\s c\ntries hav+ = _! object p>tly hygi5ic measures & p>tly also limitation ( col\rs conta9+ lead1 su* z prohibition ( ! use ( lead pa9ts 9 ! int]ior ( build+s or 9 ! pa9t+ ( public build+s & ( %ips1 c4 ,! details ( su* regulations are se5 9 ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations dat$ ,june #bg1 #aije3 ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,*ancellor ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,processes ,,( ,,pa9t+1 ,,di/emp]+1 ,,:itewa%+1 ,,pla/]+1 ,,or ,,v>ni%+4 ,,june #bg1 #aijf ,i4--,regulations = c>ry+ on ! ,indu/ries ( ,pa9t+1 ,di/emp]+1 ,:itewa%+1 ,pla/]+1 or ,v>ni%+4 ,regulation #a4--;,9 ! processes ( cru%+1 bl5d+1 mix+1 & o!rwise prep>+ :ite lead1 o!r lead col\rs1 or mixtures !re( ) o!r sub/ances 9 a dry /ate1 ! work]s %all n directly h&le pigm5t conta9+ lead1 & %all be adequately protect$ aga9/ ! du/ aris+ !refrom4 ,regulation #b4--,! process ( gr9d+ :ite lead ) oil or v>ni% %all n be done by h&1 b entirely by me*anical means1 & 9 vessels s con/ruct$ t ev5 9 ! process ( *>g+ !m ) :ite lead no du/ %all escape into places :]e "w is c>ri$ on4 ,?is provision %all apply to o!r lead col\rs4 ,provid$ t su* lead col\rs may be gr\nd by h& by male work]s ov] #ah ye>s ( age1 if n m ?an "o kilogram ( r$ lead & #ajj gra9s ( o!r lead col\rs are gr\nd by any "o work] on "o day4 ,regulation #c4--,! processes ( rubb+-d[n & pumice-/on+ dry coats ( oil-col\r or /opp+ n cle>ly free f lead %all n be done except aft] damp+4 ,all dbris produc$ by rubb+ d[n & pumice-/on+ %all be remov$ be=e x becomes dry4 ,regulation #d4--,! employ] %all see t e work] :o h&les lead col\rs or mixtures !re( is provid$ )1 & we>s1 dur+ work+ h\rs1 a pa9t]'s ov]all or o!r complete suit ( work+ clo!s4 ,regulation #e4--,!re %all be provid$ = all work]s engag$ 9 processes ( pa9t+1 di/emp]+1 :itewa%+1 pla/]+1 or v>ni%+1 9 :i* lead col\rs are us$1 wa%+ ut5sils1 nail bru%es1 soap & t[els4 ,if su* processes are c>ri$ on 9 a new build+ or 9 a work%op1 provision %all be made = ! work]s to wa% 9 a place protect$ f fro/1 & to /ore _! clo?+ 9 a clean place4 ,regulation #f4--,! employ] %all in=m work]s1 :o h&le lead col\rs or mixtures !re(1 ( ! dang] to heal? to :i* !y are expos$1 & %all h& !m1 at ! comm5cem5t ( employm5t1 a copy ( ! accompany+ leaflet 7n pr9t$ ) ?is edition71 if !y are n already provid$ ) x1 & also a copy ( ^! ,regulations4 ,,ii4--,regulations = ! ,processes ( ,pa9t+1 ,di/emp]+1 ,:itewa%+1 ,pla/]+1 or ,v>ni%+ :5 c>ri$ on 9 connection ) ano!r ,indu/ry4 ,regulation #g4--,! provisions ( p>agraph #f %all apply to ! employm5t ( work]s connect$ ) ano!r indu/ry :o are con/antly or pr9cipally employ$ 9 ! processes ( pa9t+1 di/emp]+1 :itewa%+1 pla/]+1 or v>ni%+1 & :o use1 o!rwise ?an occasionally1 lead col\rs or mixtures !re(4 ,! provisions ( p>agraphs #h-aa %all also apply if su* employm5t is c>ri$ on 9 a factory or %ipbuild+ y>d4 ,regulation #h4--,special accommodation = wa%+ & = dress+ %all be provid$ = ! work]s1 :i* accommodation %all be kept clean1 heat$ 9 cold wea!r1 & furni%$ ) conv5i5ces = ! /orage ( clo?+4 ,regulation #i4--,! employ] %all issue regulations :i* %all be b9d+ on ! work]s1 & %all conta9 ! foll[+ provisions = su* work]s z h&le lead col\r & mixtures !re(3 #a4 ,work]s %all n consume spirits 9 any place :]e "w is c>ri$ on4 #b4 ,work]s %all n p>take ( food or dr9k1 or leave ! place ( employm5t until !y h put (f _! work+ clo!s & c>efully wa%$ _! h&s4 #c4 ,work]s1 :5 engag$ 9 processes specifi$ by ! employ]1 %all we> work+ clo!s4 #d4 ,smok+ cig>s & cig>ettes is prohibit$ dur+ "w4 ,fur!rmore1 x %all be set =? 9 ! regulations t work]s :o1 9 spite ( reit]at$ w>n+1 contrav5e ! =ego+ provisions may be dismiss$ be=e ! expiration ( _! contract )\t notice4 ,if a code ( regulations has be5 issu$ = ! indu/ry 7p>4 #acd;a ( ! ,g4,o47 ! above indicat$ provisions %all be incorporat$ 9 ! said code4 ,regulation #aj4--,! employ] %all entru/ ! sup]vision ( ! work]s' heal? to a duly qualifi$ m$ical man approv$ ( by ! public au?ority1 & notifi$ to ! factory inspector 7p>4 #aci;b ( ! ,g4,o471 & ! said m$ical man %all exam9e ! work]s once at lea/ 9 e six mon?s = symptoms indicative ( plumbism4 ,! employ] %all n p]mit any work] :o is suff]+ f plumbism or :o1 9 ! op9ion ( ! doctor1 is suspect$ ( plumbism1 to be employ$ 9 any "w 9 :i* he has to h&le lead col\rs or mixtures !re(1 until he has completely recov]$4 ,regulation #aa4--,! employ] %all keep or %all cause to be kept a regi/] 9 :i* %all be record$ ! /ate ( heal? ( ! work]s1 & also ! con/itution ( & *anges 9 ! /aff2 & he %all be responsible = ! entries be+ complete & accurate1 except 9 s f> z !y are affect$ by ! m$ical man4 ,!n foll[ ! regulations z to entries 9 ! ,regi/]1 z to :i* see ! ,regulations z to lead smelt+ works1 p4 #cjj4 ,type ,f\nd+ & ,compositors' ,"w 7,see also pp4 #ach & #aci7 ,fumes :i* may c>ry up lead du/ are g5]at$ 9 ! ca/+ ( lett]s4 ,du/ arises also 9 sett+ ! type4 ,g5]al hygi5ic measures are especially call$ = su* z heal?y conditions 9 ! workrooms4 ,mu* c be done by exhau/ v5tilation locally appli$ to ! type cases & to lett] 7mono- & l9otype7 ca/+ ma*9es4 ,vacuum clean+ ( pr9t+ work%ops & type cases is /rongly advis$4 ,z "s lead poison+ 9 pr9t+ works is attributable to lead col\rs or bronze p[d] conta9+ lead _! use %\ld be limit$ z mu* z possible4 ,! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations = pr9t+ works & type f\ndries are z foll[s3 ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,c\ncil ,,( ,,july #ca,,/1 #ahig1 ,,regulat+ ,,lett]press ,,pr9t+ ,,works ,,& ,,type ,,f\ndries1 ,,9 ,,pursuance ,,( ,,section #abj;,e ,,( ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,code ,i4 ,9 rooms 9 :i* p]sons are employ$ 9 sett+ up type or manufacture ( type or /]eotype plates ! foll[+ provisions apply3 #a4 ,! floor ( workrooms %all n be m ?an a half a met] 7#afd feet7 bel[ ! gr\nd4 ,exceptions may only be grant$ by ! high] adm9i/rative au?ority :]e hygi5ic conditions are secur$ by a dry area1 & ample means ( light+ & v5tilat+ ! rooms4 ,attics may only be us$ z workrooms if ! ro( is provid$ ) a la! & pla/] ceil+4 #b4 ,9 workrooms 9 :i* ! manufacture ( type or /]eotype plates is c>ri$ on1 ! numb] ( p]sons %all n exce$ su* z w\ld all[ at lea/ fifte5 cubic met]s ( air space 7#ebie cubic feet7 to ea*4 ,9 ! rooms 9 :i* p]sons are employ$ only 9 o!r processes1 !re %all be at lea/ twelve cubic met]s ( air space 7#dbce cubic feet7 to ea* p]son4 ,9 cases ( exceptional tempor>y pressure ! high] adm9i/rative au?ority may1 on ! application ( ! employ]1 p]mit a l>g] numb] 9 ! workrooms1 = at ! mo/ #cj days 9 ! ye>1 b n m ?an w all[ t5 cubic met]s ( air space 7#cec cubic feet7 = ea* p]son4 #c4 ,! rooms %all be at lea/ #bfj met]s 7#h feet7 9 height :]e a m9imum ( fifte5 cubic met]s are all[$ = ea* p]son1 9 o!r cases at lea/ #c met]s 7#ihd feet7 9 height4 ,! rooms %all be provid$ ) w9d[s :i* are suffici5t 9 numb] & size to let 9 ample light = e "p ( ! "w4 ,! w9d[s %all be s con/ruct$ t !y w op5 & admit ( complete r5ewal ( air 9 workrooms4 ,workrooms ) slop+ ro( %all h an av]age height equal to ! measurem5ts giv5 9 ! fir/ p>agraph ( ?is section4 #d4 ,! rooms %all be laid ) close fitt+ imp]vi\s floor1 :i* c be cle>$ ( du/ by moi/ me?ods4 ,wood5 floors %all be smoo?ly plan$1 & bo>ds fitt$ to prev5t p5etration ( moi/ure4 ,all walls & ceil+s %all1 if !y are n ( a smoo? wa%able surface or pa9t$ 9 oil1 be limewa%$ once at lea/ a ye>4 ,if ! walls & ceil+s are ( a smoo? wa%able surface or pa9t$ 9 oil1 !y %all be wa%$ at lea/ once a ye>1 & ! oil pa9t mu/1 if v>ni%$1 be r5ew$ once 9 t5 ye>s1 & if n v>ni%$ once 9 five ye>s4 ,! compositors' %elves & /&s = type boxes %all be ei!r closely rang$ r\nd ! room on ! floor1 s t no du/ c collect und]nea?1 or be fitt$ ) legs1 s t ! floor c be easily clean$ ( du/ und]nea?4 #e4 ,! workrooms %all be cle>$ & ?or\ghly air$ once at lea/ a day1 & dur+ ! work+ h\rs means %all be tak5 to secure con/ant v5tilation4 #f4 ,! melt+ vessel = type or /]eotype metal %all be cov]$ ) a hood connect$ to an exhau/ v5tilator or *imney ) suffici5t draught to draw ! fumes to ! out] air4 ,type f\nd+ & melt+ may only be c>ri$ on 9 rooms sep>ate f o!r processes4 #g4 ,! rooms & fitt+s1 p>ticul>ly ! walls1 cornices1 & /&s = type1 %all be ?or\ghly cleans$ twice a ye> at lea/4 ,! floors %all be wa%$ or rubb$ ov] ) a damp clo?1 s z to remove du/ once a day at lea/4 #h4 ,! type boxes %all be cleans$ be=e !y are put 9 use1 & aga9 z (t5 z necess>y1 b n less ?an twice at lea/ 9 ! ye>4 ,! boxes may only be du/$ out ) a bell[s 9 ! op5 air1 & ?is "w may n be done by "y p]sons4 #i4 ,9 e workroom spittoons fill$ ) wat] & "o at lea/ = e five p]sons %all be provid$4 ,work]s are =bidd5 to spit ^u ! floor4 #aj4 ,suffici5t wa%+ appliances1 ) soap & at lea/ "o t[el a week = ea* work]1 %all be provid$ z ne> z possible to ! "w = compositors1 cutt]s1 & poli%]s4 ,"o wa%-h& bas9 %all be provid$ = e five work]s1 fitt$ ) an ample supply ( wat]4 ,! employ] %all make /rict provision = ! use ( ! wa%+ appliances by work]s be=e e meal & be=e leav+ ! works4 #aa4 ,clo!s put (f dur+ work+ h\rs %all ei!r be kept outside ! workroom or hung up 9 cupbo>ds ) closely fitt+ doors or curta9s1 :i* are s %ut or drawn z to prev5t p5etration ( du/4 #ab4 ,artificial means ( light+ :i* t5d to raise ! temp]ature ( ! rooms %all be s arrang$ or su* c\nt]act+ measures tak5 t ! heat ( ! workrooms %all n be unduly rais$4 #ac4 ,! employ] %all draw up rules b9d+ on ! work]s :i* w ensure ! full obs]vance ( ! provisions 9 sections #h1 #i1 #aj1 & #aa4 ,,ii4 ,a notice %all be affix$ & a copy s5t to ! local police au?ority %ew+3 7a7 ,! l5g?1 height1 & bread? ( ! rooms4 7b7 ,! air space 9 cubic measure4 7c7 ,! numb] ( work]s p]mitt$ 9 ea* room4 ,a copy ( ,rules #a to #ac mu/ be affix$ :]e x c be easily read by all p]sons affect$4 ,,iii4 ,provides = ! me?od ( p]mitt+ ! exceptions nam$ above 9 sections #b & #c1 & makes x a condition ( r$uction 9 cubic air space = ea* p]son employ$ z type f\nd] or compositor t !re %all be adequate me*anical v5tilation = regulat+ temp]ature & c>ry+ (f products ( combu/ion f workrooms4 ,c]amic ,indu/ry 7,see also pp4 #ace-h47 ,a complete sub/itute = lead 9 glazes seems z yet impossible on te*nical gr\nds1 z glaze conta9+ lead has qualities :i* _c be obta9$ )\t its use4 ,9 small works ! te*nique necess>y = ! production ( leadless glazes 7special k9ds ( /oves7 _c be expect$1 especially z ^? c>ry+ on a small indu/ry lack ! necess>y k ( h[ to be able to disp5se ) ! use ( lead glazes & sub/itute leadless mat]ials )\t complete alt]ation 9 _! me?ods ( manufacture4 ,& yet discont9uance or ! utmo/ possible limitation ( ! use ( lead glazes & col\rs is mo/ urg5tly ne$$ 9 all small c]amic work%ops1 z !y are n 9 a position to put 9 localis$ exhau/ v5tilation1 c41 :i* is possible 9 l>ge factories4 ,obs]vance ( ev5 ! simple/ hygi5ic measures c sc>cely be obta9$4 ,consequ5tly v sev]e cases ( lead poison+ are met ) 9 small works4 ,an ef=t 9 ! direction ( discont9uance ( lead glazes 0 made 9 ,bohemia1 :]e 7at ! co/ ( ! ,/ate7 te*nical in/ruction 0 giv5 by an exp]t on ! prep>ation ( leadless glazes especially 9 di/ricts :]e ! indu/ry 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! homes ( ! work]s4 ,?is proc$ure1 ext5sion ( :i* is expect$1 _h good results4 ,_m h dem&$1 9 view ( ! possibility ( sub/itut+ leadless = lead glazes1 ! total prohibition ( lead4 ,su* is ! view ( ! ,dut* inspector ,de ,vooys2 ,teleky & ,*yz] %>e ! view express$ s f> z ! small indu/ry is conc]n$1 s9ce ! practicability ( ! *ange has be5 demon/rat$4 ,engli% au?orities 7,?orpe1 ,oliv]7 propose dim9ution ( ! lead 9 ! glaze 9 su* a way t on %ak+ ) weak acid n m ?an a specifi$ small quantity %all be dissolv$ 7,?orpe te/74 ,9 my op9ion su* a measure is h>dly en\gh = ! small indu/ry4 ,i d n expect mu* good f obligatory use ( fritt$ glazes4 ,9 addition to e>!nw>e1 manufacture ( tiles & bricks leads n infrequ5tly to cases ( lead poison+ f use ( lead glaze4 ,! foll[+ measures apply to ! l>g] c]amic works4 ,s9ce risk is consid]able1 n only 9 glo/ plac+ b also 9 gr9d+1 w>e-clean+1 c41 clos$ ball mills 9 gr9d+ & locally appli$ exhau/ v5tilation 9 w>e-clean+ op]ations1 c41 mu/ be arrang$4 ,p]sonal cleanl9ess & prop] equipm5t ( a factory 9 all ! ess5tials insi/$ on on pp4 #bbf-i are important1 b no?+ c take ! place ( effici5t locally appli$ v5tilation4 ,vitre\s enamell+ ( h\sehold ut5sils1 ba?s1 gas /oves1 signs1 c41 is an analog\s process z enamels conta9+ lead may be us$4 ,siev+ on ! dry p[d] & bru%+ (f sup]flu\s glaze (t5 cause poison+4 ,"h g5]ally ! same prev5tive measures apply4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! *9a & e>!nw>e indu/ry is plac$ "u ,regulations dat$ ,janu>y #b1 #aiac1 :i* sup]s$e ! previ\s ,special ,rules4 ,^! ,regulations--?irty-six 9 numb]--provide1 among o!r usual provisions1 7#a7 = effici5t exhau/ v5tilation 9 7a7 processes giv+ rise to injuri\s m9]al du/ 7fettl+ & press+ ( tiles1 b$d+1 & fl9t+1 bru%+ & sc\r+ ( biscuit7 & 7b7 du/y lead processes 7w>e clean+1 a]ograph+1 col\r du/+1 li?o-transf] mak+1 c472 & 7#b7 mon?ly p]iodical m$ical exam9ation ( work]s 9 s*$ul$ lead processes4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 9 consequ5ce ( lead poison+ 9 porcela9 works1 committees 7 appo9t$ to inquire into ! subject 9 #aija1 #aijb1 & #aijc4 ,file ,cutt+ 7,see also p4 #adj7 ,9 file cutt+ ! file is cut on a lead b$ or a b$ ( an alloy ( z9c & lead4 ,! same s\rce ( poison+ occurs 9 o!r indu/ries su* z amb] work+4 ,lead poison+ among file cutt]s is pron\nc$4 ,! be/ prev5tive measure is sub/itution ( a b$ ( pure z9c = lead4 ,! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,heal? ,(fice h issu$ a #8,w>n+ notice' = file-cutt]s4 ,,leaflet ,,= ,,file-,,cutt]s ,! use ( lead b$s or ( alloys ( lead ) o!r metals has repeat$ly br\ght ab\t lead poison+ 9 file-cutt]s4 ,! b$s also suppos$ to be made ( z9c usually conta9 a consid]able proportion ( lead1 & are ?us dang]\s to heal?4 ,among file-cutt]s lead poison+ arises f absorption ( ! metal 9 small quantities by means ( dirty h&s1 eat+1 dr9k+1 smok+ or *ew+ ( tobacco4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is absorption are n at once noticeable4 ,!y appe> only aft] weeks1 mon?s1 or ev5 ye>s1 accord+ to ! ext5t to :i* ! lead has accumulat$ 9 ! sy/em4 ,h[ does lead poison+ %[ itself8--,! fir/ sign is usually a blui%-grey l9e on ! gums call$ ! blue l9e1 associat$ ) anmia or pallor4 ,lat] symptoms are v v>i$4 ,mo/ frequ5tly lead colic comes on1 ! affect$ p]son suff]+ f viol5t cramplike pa9s />t+ f ! navel2 ! /oma* is h>d & contract$2 v (t5 vomit+ & con/ipation ensue1 or1 v occasionally1 di>rha4 ,9 "s cases p>alysis %[s itself--g5]ally 9 ^? muscles :i* ext5d ! f+]s1 usually affect+ bo? arms4 ,9 exceptional cases o!r muscles ( ! arms & legs are affect$4 ,sometimes lead poison+ manife/s itself 9 viol5t pa9s 9 ! jo9ts--g5]ally ! knee1 m r>ely 9 ! %\ld] & elb[4 ,9 specially sev]e cases bra9 tr\ble sup]v5es--viol5t heada*e1 convulsions1 unconsci\sness or bl9dness4 ,f9ally lead poison+ may set up disease ( ! kidneys--,bright's disease & g\t4 ,wom5 suff]+ f lead poison+ frequ5tly misc>ry4 ,*ildr5 born alive may1 9 consequ5ce ( lead poison+1 die 9 _! fir/ ye>4 ,*ildr5 f$ at ! brea/ are poison$ ?r\gh ! milk4 ,ap>t f sev]e cases complicat$ ) bra9 tr\ble1 :i* are (t5 fatal1 p]sons suff]+ f lead poison+ g5]ally recov] if !y )draw f fur!r contact4 ,recov]y takes place aft] a few weeks1 b 9 sev]e cases only aft] mon?s4 ,! mo/ effective prev5tive measures are cleanl9ess & temp]ance4 ,p]sons :o1 )\t be+ drunk>ds1 are accu/om$ to take spirits 9 quantity are m likely to succumb ?an ! ab/emi\s4 ,spirits %\ld n be tak5 dur+ work+ h\rs4 ,9 reg>d to cleanl9ess1 file-cutt]s us+ lead b$s %\ld be especially c>eful & obs]ve ! foll[+ rules3 #a4 ,s9ce soil+ ! h&s ) lead _c be entirely avoid$1 smok+ & *ew+ tobacco dur+ "w %\ld be giv5 up4 #b4 ,work]s %\ld only take food & dr9k or leave ! works aft] ?or\ghly wa%+ ! h&s ) soap--if possible ) pumice /one2 if dr9k+ dur+ "w _c be :olly giv5 up ! edges ( ! dr9k+ vessels ought n to be t\*$ by ! h&s4 ,if a file-cutt] falls ill 9 spite ( precautions ) symptoms po9t+ to lead poison+ he %\ld1 9 8 own & 8 family's int]e/1 at once consult a doctor1 tell+ him t he has be5 work+ ) a lead b$4 ,o!r ,indu/ries 9 :i* ,lead is us$ ,9 cutt+ preci\s /ones ) use ( lead discs lead poison+ frequ5tly occurs1 especially :]e ?is trade1 z 9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia1 is c>ri$ on z a home indu/ry4 ,! au?orities h requir$ sub/itution ( c>borundum 7silicon c>bide7 = lead discs4 ,z1 !re=e1 an effici5t sub/itute is possible1 use ( lead %\ld be prohibit$4 ,simil>ly1 use ( lead 9 ! mak+ ( musical in/rum5ts %\ld1 if possible1 be discont9u$4 ,brass pipes 9 musical in/rum5t mak+ are fill$ ) lead to facilitate hamm]+ & b5d+1 & 9 ?is way poison+ has occurr$4 ,9 num]\s o!r indu/ries :]e ! use ( lead _c be avoid$1 & :]e consequ5tly ! dang] mu/ be pres5t1 z1 = in/ance1 9 lead melt+1 sold]+1 lead roll+1 /amp+1 press+1 c41 9 ! manufacture ( lead pip+1 %ot1 wire1 bottle capsules1 foil1 toys1 & _m o!r articles1 g5]al prev5tive measures %\ld be c>efully c>ri$ out4 ,melt+ ( lead & lead alloys %\ld be c>ri$ out only "u effici5t exhau/ v5tilation4 ,9 l>g] works :]e du/ is g5]at$ ?is %\ld be drawn away at ! po9t :]e x is produc$4 ,?is applies also to processes 9 ! *emical indu/ries :]e lead or lead comp\nds are us$1 see+ t no sub/itute is possible4 ,z9c1 ,brass-ca/+1 ,metal ,pickl+1 ,galvanis+ 7,see also pp4 #aea & #ahb7 ,9 z9c smelt+ acc\nt has to be tak5 ( fumes :i* may conta9 lead1 z9c1 ars5ic1 sulphur dioxide1 & c>bonic oxide4 ,metallic fumes require to be cond5s$--a proc$ure 9 h>mony ) economic int]e/s4 ,?is is effect$ 9 a te*nically arrang$ cond5s+ sy/em1 consi/+ ( a cond5s] & prolong1 9 :i* ! fumes are giv5 z l>ge a space z possible 9 :i* to cond5se & cool4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! entry ( fumes into ! %$ :5 remov+ di/illation residues1 hoods %\ld be arrang$ ov] ! front ( ! furnace ?r\gh :i* ! gases c be conduct$ into ! ma9 *imney /ack or be drawn away by a fan2 9 addition ! residue %\ld fall into trolleys :i* mu/ ei!r be cov]$ at once or plac$ "u a closely fitt+ hood until ! fum+ cont5ts are cool4 ,z ! mix+ ( ! mat]ials = *>g+ & ! sift+ & pack+ ( ! z9c du/ 7p\ssire7 may cause risk1 ^! processes require to be c>ri$ out me*anically ) application ( local exhau/4 ,su* an arrangem5t is %[n 9 fig4 #ei bel[4 ,! mat]ial :i* is f$ 9 is c>ri$ by ! elevator to ! sift+ ma*9e1 falls into ! collect+ b91 & is !n pack$4 ,! po9ts at :i* du/ c come (f are connect$ ) ! exhau/ & c>ri$ to ! du/ collector2 fans c>ry ! filt]$ air to ! outside atmosph]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,arrangem5t = ,siev+ & ,pack+ ,z9c ,du/ 7p\ssire74 a ,*>g+ hopp]2 b ,di/ributor2 c ,elevator2 d ,sieve2 e ,collector2 f ,pack+ ma*9e2 g ,exhau/ pipe2 h ,worm2 i ,du/ ,collector2 k ,motor ,only p>agraphs #c-h ( ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,regulations dat$ ,febru>y #f1 #aijj1 = ,spelt] ,works are quot$1 z ! rema9d] are on precisely simil> l9es to ^? = lead smelt+ works giv5 9 full on p4 #cjj4 #c4 ,cru%+ z9c ore %all n be done except 9 an app>atus s arrang$ z to prev5t p5etration ( du/ into ! workroom4 #d4 ,! roa/+ furnaces z well z ! calc9+ furnaces %all be provid$ ) effective exhau/ arrangem5ts = ! escap+ gases4 ,! occupi] %all be responsible = _! effici5cy dur+ ! "t ! furnace is at "w4 #e4 ,to avoid du/1 ores int5d$ = *>g+ di/illation furnaces %all n be /ack$ 9 front ( or *>g$ into ! furnace1 or mix$ ) o!r mat]ial1 except 9 a damp condition4 ,?is regulation %all n apply to l>ge s-call$ ,silesian ,retorts :5 9 use 9 ! z9c smelt]2 yet 9 ! case ( !m also ! ,high] ,au?orities may require damp+ ( ! *>g+ mat]ial if specially injuri\s to heal?4 #f4 ,du/1 gases & vap\rs escap+ f di/illation furnaces %all be caught z ne> z possible to ! po9t ( orig9 by effici5t arrangem5ts & c>ri$ out ( ! smelt+ rooms4 ,! entrance ( ! gases f ! fires into ! smelt+ room %all be prev5t$ z f> z possible by suitable arrangem5ts = draw+ !m (f4 #g4 ,residues %all n be drawn into ! smelt+ room2 !y %all be caught 9 clos$ *annels "u ! furnaces & empti$ f ^! *annels at once into waggons plac$ 9 passages b5ea? ! di/illation rooms4 ,?is regulation 7:]e ! ,high] ,au?orities approve7 %all n apply to exi/+ plants1 %\ld x be impossible to make ! arrangem5ts m5tion$ 9 ,reg4 #a1 or :]e su* additions c\ld only be add$ by rebuild+ at a prohibitive co/4 #h4 ,siev+ & pack+ ( by-products obta9$ by ! di/illation ( z9c 7p\ssire1 flue du/7 %all n be done except 9 a special room sep>ate f o!r workrooms1 9 accordance ) ,reg4 #a4 ,siev+ %all only be done 9 an app>atus s arrang$ z to prev5t escape ( du/4 ,9 brass ca/+1 9 ord] to prev5t occurr5ce ( brass-f\nd]s' ague1 x is necess>y t ! z9c oxide fumes evolv$ %\ld be effectively drawn away f ! crucible by locally appli$ exhau/ v5tilation4 ,g5]al v5tilation m]ely ( ! room is almo/ useless1 z 9 ca/+ ! fumes rise up into ! face ( ! p\r]4 ,see+ t ca/+ is c>ri$ on 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! f\ndry1 x is advisable to connect up ! hoods ov] ! m\lds by means ( metal pip+ ) ! exhau/ sy/em1 or to arrange a flexible duct :i* c be mov$ ab\t z occasion requires4 ,dang]\s acid fumes 7notably nitr\s fumes7 are evolv$ 9 metal pickl+1 especially ( brass articles 7su* z h>ness furniture1 lamp fitt+s1 *ur* ut5sils1 c471 = ! purpose ( giv+ !m a %9y or dull surface by imm]sion 9 ba?s ( nitric1 hydro*loric1 or sulphuric acid4 ,z sev]e & ev5 fatal poison+ has occurr$ 9 ^! op]ations !y %\ld be conduct$ 9 isolat$ comp>tm5ts or *annels "u exhau/ v5tilation4 ,if ! v5tilation provid$ is me*anical an acid pro( e>!nw>e fan or an injector is necess>y4 ,! foll[+ description applies to "o l>ge works3 ,! pickl+ tr\ghs are plac$ 9 a wood5 comp>tm5t clos$ 9 except = a small op5+ 9 front4 ,to ?is comp>tm5t a /onew>e pipe lead+ to a /onew>e fan is connect$4 ,! nitr\s fumes are drawn ?r\gh ! pipe & l$ into ! l[] "p ( an absorption t[] fill$ ) cone-%ap$ pack+ mat]ial ?r\gh :i* wat] trickles f a vessel plac$ at ! top4 ,! great] "p ( ! acid fumes are absorb$ z !y pass upw>ds & ! wat] collects 9 a receiv] bel[1 f :i* x is bl[n by compress$ air into ! vessel above = utilisation aga9 until x becomes s *>g$ ) acid t x c be us$ = pickl+ purposes4 ,9 galvanis+ & t9n+ acid fumes1 injuri\s acroleic vap\r1 & metallic fumes c arise z ! metal articles 7iron1 copp]1 c47 fir/ require to be clean$ 9 an acid ba? & !n dipp$ into molt5 fat or molt5 z9c or t94 ,"h also ! fumes %\ld be drawn away 9 ! mann] describ$4 ,recov]y & ,use ( ,m]cury ,escape ( m]cury vap\r & developm5t ( sulphur dioxide s]i\sly endang] work]s engag$ 9 smelt+ c9nab>4 ,! dang] c be m9imis$ by prop] con/ruction ( furnaces prev5t+ escape z f> z possible ( fumes & mo/ c>eful cond5sation ( ! m]cury 9 imp]vi\s & suffici5tly capaci\s *amb]s & flues4 ,cont9u\s furnaces are to be pref]r$ to ^? work+ int]mitt5tly4 ,! sy/em ( cond5s+ *amb]s & flues mu/ (f] z long a passage z possible to ! fumes1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep !m ?or\ghly cool4 ,removal ( ! deposit ri* 9 m]cury f ! flues is especially fraught ) dang]4 ,?is "w %\ld only be c>ri$ on aft] effici5t wat]+ by work]s equipp$ ) respirators1 work+ suits1 c4 ,use ( m]cury4--,mirror mak+ by coat+ ! glass ) m]cury us$ to be "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s occupations4 ,n[ t a fully adequate sub/itute = m]cury has be5 f\nd 9 ! nitrate ( silv] & ammonia process1 use ( m]cury %\ld be prohibit$4 ,z a home indu/ry especially mirror coat+ ) m]cury %\ld be suppress$4 ,=tunately ! dang]\s mode ( production is rapidly be+ ou/$4 ,! foll[+ requirem5ts are conta9$ 9 a decree ( ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t dat$ ,may #ah1 #ahhi3 7#a7 ,m$ical c]tificate on admission to employm5t 9 mirror mak+ ) use ( m]cury2 7#b7 re/riction ( h\rs to six 9 summ] & 9 w9t] to eight daily1 ) a two h\rs' mid-day int]val2 7#c7 =tnightly exam9ation ( ! work]s2 7#d7 air space p] p]son ( #dj cubic met]s 9 ! coat+ room & #cj 9 ! dry+ room1 &1 9 bo?1 introduction ( #fj cubic met]s ( air p] head p] h\r2 7#e7 ,"w to cease if ! temp]ature ( ! room 9 summ] rea*es #be ,c4 ,measures are necess>y to prev5t occurr5ce ( m]cury poison+ 9 hatt]s' furri]s' processes 7prep>ation ( rabbit fur = felt hats7 9 consequ5ce ( ! use ( nitrate ( m]cury4 ,dang] arises *iefly 9 cutt+ ! hair1 9 dress+ & dry+1 9 sort+1 & also 9 ! subsequ5t /ages ( h>d felt hat manufacture4 ,aspiration ( ! du/ & fluff at its po9t ( g5]ation1 isolation ( ! dry+ rooms & prohibition ( entry into !m :ile dry+ is go+ on1 are necess>y4 ,9 dress+ 7commonly kn[n z #8c>ott+'71 ! nitric acid vap\r requires to be drawn away4 ,9 addition /rict p]sonal hygi5e1 especially ( ! tee?1 is v important4 ,processes involv+ wat] gild+ 7n[adays practis$ on a v small scale7 %\ld only be c>ri$ on 9 /oves provid$ ) exhau/ v5tilation4 ,electroplat+1 =tunately1 has almo/ entirely tak5 its place4 ,z cases ( m]cury poison+ h be5 report$ f use ( m]curial pumps 9 produc+ ! vacuum inside electric inc&esc5t bulbs1 air pumps %\ld be sub/itut$ = !m :5ev] possible4 ,b>omet] & !rmomet] mak]s may & d suff] sev]ely if c>e is n tak5 to draw away ! fumes & ensure good v5tilation ( ! workrooms4 ,c>eless h&l+ & ! dropp+ ( m]cury on ! b5*es make x difficult to prev5t "s volatilisation4 ,p]sonal hygi5e & especially a prop] hygi5e ( ! m\? are ( ! greate/ importance 9 ?is class ( "w4 ,prep>ation ( m]cury comp\nds 9 *emical factories1 especially ! dry processes 7sublimation71 z 9 production ( c9nab>1 corrosive sublimate & calomel mix+1 gr9d+1 & sublimation1 require to be c>ri$ on 9 clos$ app>atus4 ,prep>ation ( ! sub/ances nam$ above 9 solution involves mu* less risk ?an sublim+4 ,f our po9t ( view1 !re=e1 ! =m] is to pref]r$4 ,ars5ic1 ,ars5ic ,comp\nds1 ,ars5iurett$ ,hydrog5 ,= ars5ic works imp]vi\sness ( ! sy/em & z complete cond5sation z possible are necess>y to prev5t escape ( fumes4 ,respirators %\ld be worn 9 manipulations ) :ite ars5ic1 & su* "w z pack+ done "u conditions ( locally appli$ exhau/ v5tilation4 ,indu/rial use ( ars5ic comp\nds1 9 view ( ! risk atta*+ to !m1 %\ld be r$uc$ z mu* z possible4 ,?is has sometimes be5 a*iev$ by te*nical improvem5t 9 processes ( manufacture4 ,?us 9 ! col\r indu/ry1 :]e =m]ly col\rs conta9+ ars5ic play$ an important rle1 coal-t> col\rs h tak5 _! place1 & use ( ars5ic ev5 9 ^! 7z 9 ! manufacture ( fu*s97 has be5 replac$ by nitrob5z5e4 ,z ! dang] f ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas is especially great 9 processes 9 :i* acid acts on metal & ei!r "o or bo? ( !m conta9 ars5ic1 ! mat]ials1 %\ld be z free f ars5ic z possible1 9 ! production1 = example1 ( hydrog5 = sold]+1 9 extract+ metals by means ( acids1 9 galvanic elem5ts1 9 accumulator works1 9 ! /orage & transport ( acids 9 metal vessels1 & 9 galvanis+4 ,9 any case ! work]s 9 ^! indu/ries %\ld be w>n$ ( ! dang] & in/ruct$ 9 case ( em]g5cies4 ,= sold]+ exclusive use ( hydrog5 produc$ electrolytically & procurable 9 /eel cyl9d]s is advisable4 ,extraction & ,use ( ,gold & ,silv] ,9 ! extraction ( gold & silv] by amalgamation & subsequ5t volatilisation ( m]cury !re is risk ( m]curial poison+4 ,! prev5tive measures necess>y are simil> to ^? = poison+ 9 ! recov]y ( m]cury 7see p4 #cbg74 ,argyria 9 pe>l bead bl[]s c be avoid$ by us+ pumps to bl[ ! silv] solution into ! beads in/ead ( ! m\?4 ,9 electroplat+ ! possibility ( poison\s fumes aris+ f ! ba?s mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ because hydrocyanic 7prussic7 acid1 ?\gh only 9 m9ute quantities1 may be evolv$2 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! workrooms are well v5tilat$ or ! ba?s hood$4 ,c>eful p]sonal hygi5e is ess5tial1 = ! prev5tion ( sk9 diseases f :i* work]s 9 electroplat+ (t5 suff]4 ,,vii ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,9 ,,o!r ,,trades ,c]amic ,indu/ry ,9 ! glass indu/ry use ( lead1 *rome1 & ars5ic comp\nds %\ld be re/rict$ z mu* z possible or all[$ only "u suitable precautions 7exhau/ v5tilation1 p]sonal hygi5e1 c474 ,et*+ on glass by means ( hydr(luoric causes almo/ inevitably injury to ! work]s4 ,r5d]+ ! surface ( glass opaque %\ld pref]ably be done by s& bla/4 ,:5 a ba? ( hydr(luoric acid = et*+ on glass is us$ ! fumes require to be drawn away by hoods ov] ! ba?s & ! "w-rooms well v5tilat$4 ,fur!r precaution>y measures are call$ = 9 view ( indu/rial poison+ by furnace gases 9 v>i\s c]amic indu/ries1 z1 = example1 cem5t works1 glass works1 & tile works4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions are made 9 ! te*nical introduction to ! ,g]many ,factory ,act = prev5tion ( poison+ f c>bonic oxide1 c>bon dioxide1 & sulphur dioxide3 7#a7 ,ev5 ! fix+ ( b5*es :i* might be us$ = sleep+ on ne> ! furnaces %\ld be /rictly =bidd52 7#b7 ,all furnaces :i* are ro($ ov] %\ld be provid$ ) adequate side & ro( v5tilation2 7#c7 ,all gas pipes & cocks mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 an imp]vi\s condition4 ,manufacture & ,use ( ,v>ni%es & ,dry+ ,oils ,unpleasant fumes are giv5 (f on boil+ l9se$ oil ) oxidis+ sub/ances1 :i* %\ld be prev5t$ by closely fitt+ cov]s & cond5sation ( ! fumes 9 cool+ app>atus4 ,9 heat+ & dissolv+ res9 = ! production ( v>ni%es ! fumes evolv$ require to be dealt ) 9 a simil> way4 ,prev5tive measures mu/ be tak5 also 9 ! use ( quick-dry+ pa9ts on %ips & inside /eam boil]s z1 ow+ to ! rapid evaporation ( ! poison\s solv5ts--b5z5e1 b5z9e & turp5t9e--fatalities h occurr$4 ,z a result ( elaborate inve/igation by ! inspectors ( factories 9 ,hamburg ! foll[+ in/ructions 7 issu$3 ,quick-dry+ pa9t = %ips & = prev5t+ ru/ %\ld only be us$ "u ! sup]vision ( a p]son conv]sant ) ! dang] to heal? & risk f fire4 ,!y %\ld only be all[$ = ! pa9t+ ( int]ior surfaces aft] adoption ( adequate precautions--free v5tilation1 use ( smoke helmets ) air conduct+ app>atus1 & no nak$ lights1 c4 ,s9ce use ( quick-dry+ pa9ts _c easily be prohibit$ & ! fumes f ! sub/itutes = turp5t9e--b5z5e & o!r light t>ry oils--ex]t injuri\s effect on man1 precaution>y measures are call$ =4 ,regulation ( work+ h\rs is z important z provision ( adequate v5tilation4 ,work]s1 !re=e1 %\ld be all[$ prop] int]vals f "w4 ,conf9$ spaces 9 ! int]ior ( %ips %\ld be adequately v5tilat$ be=e1 aft]1 & dur+ "w2 all p]sons :o use ! pa9ts %\ld h opportunity = wa%+ giv5 !m at _! "w places1 & %\ld be compell$ to avail !mselves ( ^! facilities2 indulg5ce 9 alcohol & smok+ %\ld be prohibit$2 receptacles 9 :i* quick-dry+ pa9ts are sold %\ld be provid$ ) an air-tight cov] & ) a w>n+ notice z to ! dang] ( ! cont5ts4 ,pa9ts made f petroleum fractions ( l[ boil+-po9t1 light coal-t> oils1 turp5t9e oil1 c>bon bisulphide1 & simil> sub/ances1 are to be reg>d$ z injuri\s to heal?4 ,p]sons "u eighte51 & wom51 %\ld n be all[$ to "w ) quick-dry+ pa9ts4 ,obligatory notification ( cases ( poison+ by hydroc>bons & o!r simil> poison+s w\ld h a good effect4 ,s*aef] 7,inspector ( ,factories 9 ,hamburg7 has drawn up ! foll[+ leaflet = pa9t]s1 v>ni%]s1 work]s 9 dry docks1 & o!rs engag$ 9 pa9t+ ) quick dry+ pa9ts & oils3 ,all quick-dry+ pa9ts & oils are m or less injuri\s to heal? & v inflammable1 z !y conta9 volatile sub/ances su* z b5z9e 7naph?a1 petrol e!r71 b5z5e1 turp5t9e oil1 c>bon bisulphide1 c4 ,^! pa9ts are mo/ly us$ 9 pa9t+ int]iors ( %ips1 boil]s1 ma*9]y1 app>atus1 c41 & come on ! m>ket "u v>i\s names1 su* z ,black ,v>ni% ,oil1 ,solution1 ,pat5t ,col\r1 ,anti-corrosive1 ,d]mat91 ,acid-pro( ,pa9t1 ,apexior1 ,saxol1 c4 ,ev5 at ord9>y temp]atures ! volatile fluids us$ z m$iums = dry pa9t p[d]s1 or z a fir/ coat+1 evaporate4 ,air fill$ ) ! fumes is n only h>mful to heal?1 b liable to explosion4 ,work+ ) ^! pa9ts & oils 9 ! int]ior ( %ips1 or /eam boil]s & ! l1 has repeat$ly l$ to explosions & fatal poison+4 ,dang] ( ,poison+4--,all p]sons are expos$ to ! dang] ( poison+ :o use quick-dry+ pa9ts 9 ! int]ior ( rooms or receptacles1 or o!rwise manipulate ! pa9ts4 ,! w>m] ! room & ! less v5tilation !re is be=e & dur+ ! pa9t+1 ! great] ! dang] ( poison+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 use ( ^! pa9ts 9 ! op5 air is g5]ally )\t effect4 ,poison+ arises f inhal+ ! fumes ( hydroc>bons4 ,! symptoms are oppression1 heada*e1 incl9ation to vomit1 c\gh1 hicc\gh1 gidd9ess1 noises 9 ! e>s1 drunk5-l excitem5t1 trembl+ & twit*+4 ,inhalation ( l>g] quantities br+s on1 q sudd5ly & )\t previ\s w>n+1 unconsci\sness1 :i* may la/ _m h\rs & is (t5 fatal4 ,except 9 sev]e cases ! symptoms g5]ally soon disappe>1 if ! affect$ p]son )draws f fur!r contact ) ! fumes4 ,! mo/ effective protection !re=e aga9/ poison+ is fre% air & temp]ance4 ,9 s f> z pa9t+ ) quick-dry+ mat]ials is necess>y 9 workrooms1 int]iors ( %ips1 wat] & balla/ tanks1 d\ble bottoms1 bunk]s1 bilges1 cab9s1 boil]s & receptacles1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to ensure ?or\gh v5tilation be=e1 aft]1 & :ile ! "w is go+ on4 ,:]e no suffici5t v5tilation is possible ^! pa9ts ought n to be us$4 ,frequ5t int]mission ( "w by a %ort /ay 9 ! op5 air is useful4 ,:5 work+ 9 spaces n easily accessible1 ! work] %\ld be rop$4 ,speak+1 s++1 or :i/l+ dur+ "w fav\rs inhalation ( ! fumes & is1 !re=e1 to be avoid$4 ,indulg5ce 9 spirits1 especially dur+ work+ h\rs1 increases ! dang] ( poison+4 ,habitual dr9k]s %\ld n be all[$ to "w at all ) quick-dry+ pa9ts & oils4 ,at ! fir/ signs ( discom=t "w %\ld be /opp$4 ,an imm$iate /ay 9 ! op5 air w !n usually dispel ! poison\s symptoms4 ,if1 not)/&+ ?is1 sev]e symptoms develop1 oxyg5 inhalation %\ld be comm5c$ =?) & m$ical aid call$ 94 ,production ( ,vegetable ,foods & ,luxuries 7,see also p4 #aed7 ,measures = ! prev5tion ( indu/rial poison+ h to be ?\ght ( 9 connection ) dry+ processes 7by smoke gases1 c>bon dioxide1 & c>bonic oxide71 _m processes ( pres]v+ 7use ( sulphur dioxide1 c471 & f]m5tation 7accumulation ( c>bonic acid74 ,9 brew]ies ! use ( kilns all[+ fire gases to ent] ! dry+-rooms =m]ly caus$ c>bonic oxide & c>bonic acid poison+4 ,! g5]al introduction ( hot air kilns provid$ ) me*anical malt-turn+ app>atus %\ld be insi/$ on1 & is 9 keep+ ) progress 9 te*nical me?ods4 ,! accumulation ( c>bonic acid 9 ! malt+ cell>s c be prev5t$ 9 ! same way z 9 a di/ill]y4 ,if ammonia is us$ = refrig]ation1 precautions are necess>y s t1 9 ! ev5t ( leakage or bur/+ ( pipes1 ! work]s may escape4 ,naturally ! imp]vi\sness ( ! freez+ sy/em mu/ be gu>ante$4 ,oppression & dang] to ! heal? ( ! work]s is occasionally caus$ by ! developm5t ( gases 9 ! coat+ ( b>rels ) pit*1 p>tly prev5table by ! use ( pit*+ ma*9es4 ,9 ! production ( spirits c>bonic acid poison+ c occur f accumulation ( c>bonic acid 9 ! f]m5tation cell>s4 ,^! %\ld be ?or\ghly v5tilat$ & 9 view ( ! heav9ess ( ! gas1 op5+s = v5tilation %\ld always be locat$ at ! floor level4 ,9 ! sulphur+ ( malt ! foll[+ recomm5dations 7 made by ! ,au/rian inspectors3 ,dur+ ! sulphur+ process ! room ought n to be ent]$ 7= ! turn+ ov] ( ! malt74 ,:5 ! sulphur has be5 burnt1 ! dry+-room mu/ be v5tilat$ f ! outside1 by op5+ ! w9d[s & lett+ 9 cold curr5ts ( air1 until ! sulphur dioxide has completely disp]s$1 :i* c be te/$ by hold+ a /rip ( moi/5$ blue litmus pap] at ! half-op5$ door4 ,if x does n turn r$1 turn+ ov] ( ! malt may be proce$$ )4 ,z ! sulphur+ ( hops 9 hop di/ricts is done 9 primitive little kilns1 9 :i* ! hops are spread out on a k9d ( gridiron & sulphur burnt bel[ 9 iron pans1 developm5t ( sulphur dioxide may affect ! work]s4 ,! foll[+ regulations are !re=e sugge/$ = "w 9 ^! kilns3 ,! rooms 9 :i* sulphur+ takes place mu/ be airtight1 capable ( be+ lock$1 & provid$ ) arrangem5ts :i* make x possible to remove ! sulphur dioxide fumes be=e ! room is ent]$4 ,?is c usually be done by a /rong coke fire1 ma9ta9$ 9 ! *imney place1 :i* creates ! necess>y draught4 ,if fans are us$1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t iron is affect$ & de/roy$ by acid gases2 /onew>e fans are !re=e advisable4 ,9 ! production ( v9eg>1 air escapes lad5 ) acetic acid vap\r1 alcohol1 l[] oxidation products ( alcohol1 aldehyde1 acetic e!r1 c4 ,_! escape c be avoid$ if ! :ole process is c>ri$ on 9 a clos$ self-act+ app>atus ) ! advantage also t no loss occurs4 ,9 premises = dry+ agricultural products 7fruit1 *icory1 turnips7 ! p]sons employ$ 9 ! dry+-room are expos$ to ! dang] ( c>bonic oxide poison+ f direct fir+4 ,! foll[+ recomm5dations = "w 9 dry+-rooms ) direct fir+ are tak5 f an ,au/rian decree ( #aija3 ,! l[] dry+ *amb]s1 9 :i* ! real dry+ process is effect$1 %\ld be s arrang$ t ! objects dri$ 9 !m c be remov$ by means ( long-h&l$ implem5ts ?r\gh a passage %ut (f f ! dry+-room4 ,! sep>ation ( ?is passage c be effect$ by loose t9 plates :i* c be remov$ z requir$ = ! "w ( turn+ or removal ( ! dri$ products1 s t ! work] ne$ n come into contact ) ! gases4 ,op5 fires %\ld be s arrang$ t if requir$ !y c be %ut (f1 by simple arrangem5ts1 f ! dry+-rooms 9 :i* ! work]s are tempor>ily occupi$ 9 c>ry+ 91 & turn+1 ! objects to be dri$1 transf]r+ ! p>tly dri$ products to hott] hurdles1 & empty+ !m :5 f9i%$1 9 su* a way t ! entrance ( combu/ion gases into ! dry+ *amb]s c be completely prev5t$4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to prev5t a back draught1 arrangem5ts mu/ be made = simultane\s removal ( ! gases by pipes connect$ ) a *imney or smoke flue4 ,! places f :i* ! fires are *>g$ %\ld1 9 addition1 be furni%$ ) suitably arrang$ op5+s = v5tilation lead+ into ! out] air1 9 ord] to neutralise1 9 case ( ne$1 any back draught f ! furnaces into ! rooms4 ,! w9d[s ( ! dry+ *amb]s %\ld be s arrang$ z to op5 bo? f )9 & )\t4 ,! floor ( ! ro( space1 or attic1 :i* =ms at ! same "t ! ceil+ ( ! upp] dry+-room1 %\ld be kept p]fectly airtight1 z also ! op5+s into x ?r\gh :i* ! /eam pipes pass4 ,= ?is purpose ! floor %\ld be a d\ble "o & ! op5+s or boxes into :i* mat]ial is ?r[n %\ld h a d\ble cov] above & bel[4 ,fur!r1 situat$ 9 ! highe/ po9t ( ! ceil+ ( ! ro( space1 !re %\ld be a suitable numb] ( op5+s topp$ by l\vr$ turrets4 ,9 ! ro( space no "w %\ld be done except manipulations necess>y = ! *>g+ ( ! hurdles ) ! goods to be dri$4 ,use ( ! ro( floor z a sleep+ or liv+ room is n p]missible4 ,be=e ! work]s ent] ! dry+ *amb]s = ! purpose ( turn+ ! mat]ials1 ! /ove %\ld be %ut (f1 ! gases drawn f ! furnace into ! *imney or flue1 & at ! same "t ! doors & w9d[s ( ! dry+ rooms op5$4 ,ent]+ ( dry+ *amb]s = work+ purposes %\ld only be done aft] a suffici5t "t has elaps$ = removal ( ! air by v5tilation4 ,*>g+ ( ! furnaces %\ld be s arrang$ t !y burn z l[ z possible be=e ! removal ( ! dri$ mat]ials & be=e subsequ5t "w 9 ! dry+ *amb]s4 ,see+ t *icory & turnip dry+ is done int]mitt5tly by night1 a special sleep+ or wait+ room ) free v5tilation %\ld be provid$4 ,! regulations conc]n+ ! v5tilation ( ! workrooms are to be made kn[n to ! work]s4 ,cig> ,indu/ry ,9 ord] to prev5t injury to heal? to tobacco work]s ! du/ & fumes1 especially at cutt+ & sift+ ma*9es1 require to be drawn away by locally appli$ exhau/ v5tilation4 ,! workrooms1 moreov]1 mu/ con=m to hygi5ic requirem5ts1 especially z to cleanl9ess4 ,wa%+ accommodation & ba?s are desirable1 b are only likely to be provid$ 9 l>ge works4 ,wood ,work+ 7,see also p4 #aed7 ,risk f poison\s woods c be avoid$ by exhau/ v5tilation appli$ to ! wood-work+ ma*9]y4 ,to less5 ! dang] to heal? 9 ! use ( me?ylat$ spirits 9 ! poli%+ ( wood adequate v5tilation ( ! workrooms is necess>y2 draw+ (f ! fumes by local v5tilation is (t5 impossible4 ,production ( ,wood-pulp 7,cellulose7 & ,pap]4 ,9 ! sulphite cellulose process1 sulphur dioxide may escape f ! sulphur /oves or f ! boil]s2 escape ( sulphur dioxide is also possible ?r\gh defective gas pipes & cond5s]s4 ,gas pipes & cond5s]s require to be q imp]vi\s & cond5sation or absorption z complete z possible4 ,! fumes escap+ f ! boil]s %\ld be l$ ?r\gh pipes into clos$ boil]s = cond5sation purposes2 ! gases n cond5s$ "h are to be l$ into absorption t[]s4 ,9 ! manufacture ( pap] ) use ( *loride ( lime = blea*+ *lor9e c be giv5 (f 9 consid]able quantity1 requir+ removal ( ! gases f ! app>atus4 ,! use ( poison\s col\rs conta9+ lead or ars5ic1 & addition ( lead-conta9+ sub/ances to ! pap] pulp1 is n[ v r>e4 ,textile ,indu/ries4 7,see also p4 #aef7 ,9 ! textile indu/ry only a few manipulations are associat$ ) s]i\s risk ( poison+4 ,^? engag$ 9 c>bonis+ are expos$ to acid fumes2 clos$ & v5tilat$ app>atus1 !re=e1 z f> z possible1 require to be us$ & ! acid gases escap+ f !m %\ld be absorb$4 ,^! requirem5ts are fulfill$ by c>bonis+ /oves :i* are v5tilat$ & connect$ ) coke cond5s]s4 ,x is especially urg$ t only ars5ic free acid be employ$1 z o!rwise dang] ( poison+ by ars5iurett$ hydrog5 may be incurr$4 ,9 ! mak+ ( artificial silk1 accord+ to ! ,*>donnet-,cadoret process1 ! precaution>y measures recomm5d$ 9 nitrat+ toge!r ) c>eful exhau/ion ( ! e!r & camphor fumes apply4 ,! combu/ion gases 7conta9+ c>bonic oxide7 develop$ 9 ! process ( s+e+ are h>mful & require to be l$ away at _! s\rce4 ,poison\s metallic salts1 especially lead & lead-conta9+ z9c1 are us$ z weight+ mat]ials1 9 dress+ or f9i%+1 & sometimes cause symptoms among ! work]s4 ,ap>t f ! dang] to ^? occupi$ 9 sp9n+ & weav+1 ! work]s :o h&le ^! products 79 ! clo?+ trade7 also run a risk f lead4 ,precaution>y measures are necess>y 9 ! v>ni%+ ( wov5 mat]ials1 z ! sub/ances employ$ may conta9 volatile poison\s solv5ts4 ,if ^! poison\s solv5ts _c be replac$ by o!rs less poison\s1 c>efully appli$ exhau/ v5tilation mu/ be provid$4 ,! same holds good :5 c>bon bisulphide1 b5z5e1 & b5z9e are us$ z solv5ts 9 ! production ( wov5 mat]ials impregnat$ ) indi>ubb]4 ,employm5t ( lead salts & o!r poison\s metallic salts 9 ! gloss+ ( wov5 mat]ials1 or 9 ord] to r5d] !m non-inflammable1 is to be deprecat$4 ,cases ( lead poison+ h occurr$ 9 ! work+-up ( asbe/os1 z lead wire is sometimes us$ 9 ! process ( weav+4 ,to protect work]s 9 *lor9e & sulphur blea*+ f poison+ by *lor9e or sulphur dioxide ! gases aris+ f ! blea*+ liquids %\ld be drawn away4 ,use ( clos$ blea*+ app>atus1 z is ! case 9 l>ge works1 r$uces ! dang] to a m9imum4 ,blea*+-rooms %\ld be connect$ ) a p[]ful /onew>e fan1 s t !y may be ?or\ghly air$ be=e !y are ent]$4 ,dye ,works ,indu/rial poison+ by dyes is1 9 g5]al1 r>e1 z ! natural dyes 7wood & t> dyes7 are almo/ )\t exception non-poison\s4 ,fur!r1 ! dyes are g5]ally only us$ 9 dilut$ solution4 ,=m]ly ! ars5ic 9 _m t> dyes caus$ poison+1 b n[ x is usually ! mordants :i* h h>mful effect4 ,to ?is class belong *romic acid salts & mordants conta9+ ars5ic1 antimony 7t>t>-emetic71 & also *loride ( t94 ,9 ! scrap+ (f ( lay]s ( pa9t conta9+ ars5ic1 ars5ic du/ may arise4 ,9 ,turkey r$ dyeworks1 especially sodium ars5ite is us$ = fix+ ! t> dyes4 ,orpim5t dyes :i* may give (f poison\s ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas are becom+ less & less us$2 f ! po9t ( view ( indu/rial hygi5e1 ! utmo/ possible avoidance ( ! use ( ars5ic-conta9+ prep>ations 9 dye works is to be recomm5d$4 ,:]e ?is is n possible1 /rict p]sonal hygi5e mu/ be en=c$ 7z1 = in/ance1 application ( vasel9e to ! sk974 ,,footnotes ,a ,leymann has dealt ) ! conditions ( heal? 9 a l>ge anil9e factory 9 a lat] "w :i* is ref]r$ to 9 detail 9 ! section on ! anil9e indu/ry4 ,b ,poison+ by lead1 phosphorus1 & ars5ic contract$ 9 a factory or ,work%op has be5 notifiable 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& s9ce #ahie4 ,c #8,on ! ,nature1 ,uses1 & ,manufacture ( ,f]ro-silicon1' #aiji1 ,cd4 #dieh4 ,d ,9 ,great ,brita9 section #gc ( ! ,factory & ,work%op ,act1 #aija1 requires e m$ical practition] att5d+ on or call$ 9 to visit a pati5t :om he believes to be suff]+ f lead1 phosphorus1 ars5ical or m]curial poison+1 or an?rax1 contract$ 9 any factory or work%op1 to notify ! ,*ief ,inspector ( ,factories1 & a simil> obligation is plac$ on ! occupi] to s5d writt5 notice ( e case to ! inspector & c]tify+ surgeon ( ! di/rict4 ,! table on p4 #bbb %[s ! numb] ( reports includ$ 9 returns = ! ye>s #aijj-ab4 ,cases ( acute poison+ 9 factories & work%ops are reportable to ! ,inspector & c]tify+ surgeon1 "u ! ,notice ( ,accid5ts ,act1 #aijf1 :5 7a7 caus+ loss ( life or 7b7 due to molt5 metal1 hot liquid1 explosion1 escape ( gas or /eam1 & s disabl+ any p]son z to cause abs5ce ?r\gh\t at lea/ "o :ole day f 8 ord9>y "w4 ,! foll[+ table gives indication ( ! relative frequ5cy ( cases ( poison+ f gases & fumes1 al?\gh "s 7 report$ z accid5ts ! result ( ! unconsci\sness induc$3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,nature ( ,gas or ,fumes4 #aiab4 #aiaa4 #aiaj4 #aiji4 #aijh4 7#a7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 7#e7 7#f7 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,c>bon monoxide #ia 7#ad #fd 7#f #ec 7#i #ec 7#f #ee 7#e 7a7 ,bla/ furnace #cc 7#e #af 7#b #ai 7#g #af #bf 7#c 7b7 ,p[] 7suction1 produc]1 ,mond1 ,d[son74 #ai 7#d #ca 7#a #be #be 7#d #ai 7#b 7c7 ,coal #bi 7#b #f 7#b #d #aa 7#a #i 7d7 ,o!r #aj 7#c #aa 7#a #e 7#b #a 7#a #a ,sulphurett$ hydrog5 #f #h 7#b #b #e 7#b #h 7#a ,c>bon dioxide #c 7#b #a 7#a #b 7#a #b 7#b #d 7#c ,ammonia #a #a 7#a #b #a #a ,*lor9e & hydro*loric acid fumes #c #e 7#a #c #a #a ,nitr\s fumes #ab 7#a #ah 7#b #aa #ab 7#b #c 7#a ,nitro & amido d]ivatives ( b5z5e #i 7#a #ba #ah #d #b ,naph?a & b5z5e #c 7#a #a 7#a -- #a 7#a #b ,o!r 7,sulphur dioxide1 c47 #g 7#b #d #d #d #c ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! pr9cipal figures are ^? ( all cases1 fatal & non-fatal2 ! small figures relate to fatal cases4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! #8small figures' are giv5 "h 9 brackets e4g4 7#a4 ,e ,! pr9cipal numb]s relate to cases1 ! small figures to dea?s4 ,fatal cases n report$ 9 previ\s ye>s are includ$ z bo? cases & dea?s4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! #8small figures' are giv5 "h 9 brackets e4g4 7#a4 ,f ,fis*] adopts a *emical basis 9 8 classification4 ,8 two ma9 subdivisions are 7#a7 inorganic & 7#b7 organic poisons4 ,! sub-divisions ( ! inorganic poisons are 7a7 non-metallic--*lor9e1 calcium *loride1 hydro*loric acid1 potassium *lorate1 hydr(luoric acid1 c>bonic oxide1 phosg5e1 c>bon dioxide1 cyanog5 comp\nds1 ammonia1 nitr\s fumes1 phosphorus1 phosphorett$ hydrog51 ars5ic comp\nds1 antimony comp\nds1 sulphur dioxide1 sulphuric acid1 sulphurett$ hydrog51 c>bon bisulphide1 *loride ( sulphur2 & 7b7 metallic--*romic acid & *romates1 manganese dioxide1 sulphate ( nickel1 m]cury & lead4 ,! sub-divisions ( 7#b7 ! organic sub/ances are into 7a7 ! unsaturat$ c>bon comp\nds--b5z5e1 petroleum1 me?yl-1 e?yl-1 amyl-1 & allyl-alcohol1 oxalic acid1 =mal- & acetaldehyde1 acrole91 acetone1 me?yl-bromide & iodide1 nitro-glyc]91 dime?yl-sulphate & amyl acetate1 & 7b7 ! aromatic s]ies b5z5e1 nitro-1 *loro-nitro-1 d9itro-1 *loro-d9itro-b5z5e1 ph5ol1 picric acid1 ph5yl-hydraz9e1 anil9e1 & c]ta9 anil9e col\rs1 p>a-nitranil9e1 pyrid9e1 naph?al5e1 nitro-naph?al5e1 naph?lyam9e1 naph?ol1 b5zid9e1 acrid9e1 turp5t9e1 & nicot9e4 ,g ,a ,prussian ,m9i/]ial ,decree1 dat$ ,m>* #ca1 #ahib1 deals ) ! prep>ation ( nitrate ( m]cury4 ,h ,9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& ! ,:ite ,phosphorus ,mat*es ,prohibition ,act became op]ative f ,janu>y #a1 #aiaj4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica a ,prohibition ,act became op]ative on ,july #a1 #aiac4 ,i ,repr9t$ by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice4 ,j ,use ( ,oxyg5 ,cyl9d]4--,op5 ! valve gradually by tapp+ ! lev] key 7:i* mu/ fir/ be ext5d$ to its full l5g?7 ) ! wri/1 until ! oxyg5 fl[s 9 a g5tle /ream f ! m\?piece into ! pati5t's m\?4 ,! lips %\ld n be clos$ r\nd ! m\?piece4 ,! no/rils %\ld be clos$ dur+ brea?+ 91 & op5$ dur+ brea?+ out4 ,if ! tee? are set1 close ! lips & "o no/ril4 ,let ! conical end ( ! m\?piece slightly ent] ! o!r no/ril dur+ brea?+ 91 & remove x = brea?+ out4 ,k ,! sugge/$ regulations made aft] 8 inquiry 7see p4 #adi7 by ,dr4 ,copeman are3 #a4 ,f]ro-silicon %\ld n be s5t out f ! works imm$iately aft] manufacture1 b aft] be+ brok5 up into pieces ( ! size 9 :i* x is usually sold1 %\ld be /or$ "u cov]1 b expos$ to ! air z completely z possible1 = at lea/ a mon? be=e be+ despat*$ f ! works4 #b4 ,manufactur]s %\ld be requir$ to m>k 9 bold lett]s ea* b>rel or o!r p>cel ( f]ro-silicon ) ! "n & p]c5tage grade 7c]tifi$ by *emical analysis7 ( ! mat]ial2 ! "n ( ! works :]e x is produc$2 ! date ( manufacture2 & date ( despat*4 #c4 ,! c>riage ( f]ro-silicon on vessels c>ry+ pass5g]s %\ld be prohibit$4 ,:5 c>ri$ on c>go boats x %\ld1 if circum/ances p]mit1 be /or$ on deck4 ,if x be consid]$ necess>y to /ore x else:]e1 ! place ( /orage %\ld be capable ( be+ adequately v5tilat$1 & su* place ( /orage %\ld be cut (f by airtight bulkheads f ! qu>t]s occupi$ by ! crew ( ! vessel4 #d4 ,?is regulation %\ld apply to ! transport ( f]ro-silicon on riv] or canal b>ges z well z on sea-go+ vessels4 #e4 ,/orage places at docks or at works :]e f]ro-silicon is us$ %\ld h provision = free access ( air1 & %\ld be situat$ at a di/ance f "w-rooms1 mess-rooms1 (fices1 c4 ,l ,regulations #e-g conta9 precautions to be obs]v$ 9 ! corrod+ *amb]s4 ,,app5dix ,,ref]5ces ,,"p ,i ,,processes ,,( ,,manufacture ,,& ,,in/ances ,,( ,,poison+ ,,g5]al ,,survey ,,( ,,poison+ ,,9 ,,*emical ,,indu/ries #a ,leymann1 ,concordia1 #aijf1 ,nos4 #g1 #h & #i2 #b ,gr&homme1 ,die ,fabrik5 d] ,f>bw]ke zu ,h*/ a4 ,m41 ,v]lag ,mahlau1 #d? edition4 ,,sulphuric ,,acid ,,indu/ry #a ,zeits*r4 fr4 ,gew]be-,hygi5e1 #aijg1 p4 #bcj2 #b ,ba?1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,angew4 ,*emie1 #ahif1 p4 #dgg4 ,,hydro*loric ,,acid ,,& ,,saltcake ,,manufacture #a ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew]be-,hygi5e1 #aijf1 p4 #efb2 #b ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 p4 #fb2 #c ,wal!r 9 ,weyl's ,arbeit]krank-keit51 p4 #fff4 ,,*lor9e ,,& ,,blea*+ ,,p[d] #a ,zeits*r4 fr4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijf1 p4 #bhj2 #b ,concordia1 #aijf1 ,no4 #h2 #c ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 vol4 #df1 p4 #cbb2 #d ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 ,*em4 ,arb41 ,zuri*1 #aijb1 p4 #dj2 #e ,vaubel1 ,*emik] ,zeitung1 #aijc2 #f ,concordia1 #aijg1 ,no4 #g2 #g ,rumpf1 ,d4 ,m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijh1 vol4 #cd1 p4 #acca2 #h ,mll]1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ,g]4 ,m$4 ff5tl4 ,sanittsw41 vol4 ix41 p4 #cha2 & ,ro?1 ,komp4 d4 ,gew]bekrankh1 p4 #bje2 #i ,klocke-,bo*um1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijf1 p4 #efc2 #aj ,sury ,bi5z1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ,g]4 ,m$41 #aijg1 vol4 #cd1 p4 #bea2 #aa ,erb51 ,h&b4 d4 rztl4 ,sa*v]/1 #aiaj1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bff2 #ab ,concordia1 #aijb1 ,no4 #e41 & ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff4 ,ges4 ,pfl41 #aijb1 ,suppl4 p4 #cga2 #ac ,mohr1 ,d4 ,m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijb1 vol4 #bh1 p4 #gc2 #ad #8b] ,*lorakne1' ,ar*iv4 f4 ,d]matol41 #aije1 vol4 #gg1 p4 #cbc2 #ae ,damm]1 ,h&b4 d4 ,arb4 ,wohlf41 vol4 i4 p4 #dcc2 #af ,d4 ,ar*4 f4 ,kl94 ,m$41 #aija1 vol4 #ga1 p4 #cgj2 #ag ,s*ul]1 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4 ,pfl41 vol4 #ca1 p4 #fif2 #ah ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 ,*em4 ,arb41 ,zuri*1 #aijb1 pp4 #bb1 #de2 #ai ,ramb\sek1 ,concordia1 #aiaj1 ,no4 #f4 ,,manufacture ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,nitric ,,acid ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds #a ,s*mitz1 ,b]l4 ,kl94 ,wo*5s*r41 #ahhd1 vol4 #ba1 p4 #dbh1 & ,beck]1 ,a]ztl4 ,sa*v4 ,ztg41 #ahii1 vol4 v4 p4 #bgg2 #b ,concordia1 #aijh1 ,no4 #bc1 p4 #dih2 #c ,s*mi$51 ,z5tralbl4 f4 ,kl94 ,m$41 #ahib1 ,no4 #aa2 ,kockel1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ,g]4 ,m$41 #ahih1 vol4 #ae2 #d ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 arb41 #aijc1 p4 #eb2 #e ,*em4 ,indu/rie1 #aije1 p4 #ddd2 #f ,*em4 ,indu/rie1 #aije1 p4 #dde2 #g ,b]l4 ,kl94 ,wo*5s*r41 #ahhf1 vol4 #bc1 p4 #dag2 #h ,komp4 d4 ,gew]bekrankheit51 p4 #fb2 #i ,int]n4 ,ueb]s4 b] ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijg1 p4 #gf4 ,,phosphorus ,,& ,,lucif] ,,mat* ,,manufacture #a ,die ,phosphornekrose1 ihre ,v]breitung 9 ,oe/]rei*1 ,wi51 #aijg2 #b ,fri$ri*s1 9 ,arb4 d4 ,ung4 ,v]4 f4 ges4 ,arbeit]s*utz #aijh1 vol4 #d1 pp4 #a-agf2 #c v4 ,jaks*1 ,h&b4 d4 rztl4 ,sa*v4-,tt41 #aiji1 vol4 #g1 p4 #bci2 & ,lvai1 ,w4 ,kl94 ,runds*41 #aijj1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #cc1 & ,de>d51 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn41 #ahii1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ib2 #d ,wodtke1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 und ff5tl4 ,sanittsw41 vol4 #ah1 p4 #cbe4 ,,*romium ,,comp\nds #a ,h]manni1 ,mn* m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aija1 ,no4 #ad1 & ,wodtke1 loc4 cit41 p4 #cbe2 #b ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijh1 p4 #afa2 #c ,wutzdorff und ,heise1 ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4 ,amt41 vol4 xiii42 #d ,zeits*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4 ,pfl41 #ahid2 #e ,burns1 ,ann4 ,rept4 ( ,c4 ,i4 ( ,f41 #aijc2 #f ,neiss]1 ,int]n4 ,ueb]s4 b] ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijg1 p4 #ib4 ,,manganese ,,comp\nds #a ,c\p]1 ,j\rn4 de ,*imie1 vol4 #c1 s]ies ii42 #b ,mn*4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aija1 p4 #dab2 #c ,embd51 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 vol4 #bg1 p4 #gie4 ,,petroleum ,,& ,,b5z9e ,,indu/ry #a ,b]!nson1 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ges4-,pfl41 #ahih1 vol4 #cj1 p4 #cae2 #b ,vir*['s ,ar*iv1 vol4 #aab1 p4 #ce2 #c ,felix1 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ges4-,pfl41 #ahgb2 #d ,lancet1 #ahhf1 p4 #adi2 #e ,ramazz9i1 #aijh1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bbf2 #f ,dor5dorf1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,kl94 ,m$41 #aija1 p4 #db2 #g ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn41 #aijc1 p4 #edf1 & ibid41 #aijh1 p4 #hjg2 #h ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijg1 p4 #aeg2 #i ,wi*]n1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aiji1 ,nos4 #c & #d2 #aj ,mit*ell1 ,m$4 ,news1 iii41 p4 #aeb2 ,ann4 d',hyg4 publ41 vol4 #bd1 p4 #ejj2 ,arlidge1 ,dis4 ( ,occupation2 ,revue d',hygine1 #ahie1 p4 #aff2 ,neiss]1 ,int]n4 ,ueb]s4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijg1 p4 #if4 ,,sulphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas #a ,*em4 ,ind41 #aijh1 p4 #cbc2 #b ,pfeil]1 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl41 #aijd2 #c ,lehre v4 d4 s*dl4 u4 gift4 ,gas51 p4 #bgd4 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide #a ,ar*iv f4 ,hyg41 vol4 #ae1 pp4 #abe-ada2 #b ,santesson1 ,ar*iv f4 ,hyg41 vol4 #ca1 p4 #ccf2 #c ,*em4 ,ind41 #aije1 p4 #ddb2 #d ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijh & #aiji2 #e ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 xx41 p4 #gd2 #f ,die ,s*wefelkohl5/(fv]giftung d] ,gumni>beit]1 ,leipzig1 ,veit ,comp41 #ahii2 #g ,ann4 d',hyg4 publ41 #ahfc4 ,,illum9at+ ,,gas #a ,krankheit5 des ,arbeit]1 #ahga2 #b ,gew]bepa?ologie1 #ahgg2 #c ,weyl's ,h&b4 d',hyg41 #ahid1 vol4 #h2 #d ,spr5g] & ,albre*t3 ,albre*t's ,gew]behygi5e1 #ahif2 #e ,jehle1 #8,hygi5e d] ,gas>beit]1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aija1 pp4 #bde & #bfa2 #f ,s*tte3 #8,krankheit5 d] ,gas>beit]1' ,weyl's ,arbeit]krankheit51 #aijh1 p4 #bci2 #g ,heymann's ,v]lag1 #aiaj2 #h ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aiji1 ,no4 #ab2 #i ,*em4 ,ind41 #aije1 p4 #ddb2 #aj ,egli1 b] d4 ,unf4 b4 ,*em4 ,arb41 ,zuri*1 #aijc2 #aa ,gew]b4 te*n4 ,ratgeb]1 #aijf1 p4 #if4 ,,coke ,,ov5s #a ,hesse1 ,concordia1 #aiji4 ,,p[] ,,gas1 ,,suction ,,gas1 ,c4 #a ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijf1 p4 #bej2 #aiji1 p4 #big2 #aijf1 p4 #ai2 #b ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb]1 #aijf1 p4 #big2 #c ,nottebohm1 ,socialte*nik1 #aijg1 vol4 #g1 p4 #hj2 #d ,f9kel/e91 ,jahr4 d4 ,pey*41 #ahig1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #aaf2 #e ,jokote1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 #aijd1 vol4 #di1 p4 #bge4 ,,ammonia #a ,b]4 pr4 ,gew4 ,insp41 #aijd2 #b ,egli1 loc4 cit41 ,no4 #b1 p4 #dh2 #c ,lehre v4 d4 s*dl4 u4 gift4 ,gas51 p4 #bgd2 #d ,zeits*r4 f4 gew4-,hyg41 #aiji1 p4 #bdb2 #e ,b]l4 ,kl94 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijh4 ,,cyanog5 ,,comp\nds #a ,h&b4 d4 ,hyg41 vol4 #h1 p4 #hig2 #b ,m]zba*1 ,hyg4 ,runds*41 #ahii1 ,no4 #a2 #c ,zeits*r4 f4 ,m$4 ,beamte1 #aijg1 vol4 #bj1 p4 #hbe2 #d ,kockel1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 #aijc1 vol4 #bf2 #e ,erb51 ,v]giftung51 ii4 p4 #bjd4 ,,t> ,,& ,,its ,,d]ivatives #a ,lew91 ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijg2 #b ,santesson1 ,sk&4 ,ar*4 f4 ,physiol41 #aijj1 vol4 #aj1 pp4 #a-cf2 #c ,concordia1 #aija1 p4 #bhg ,jahresb]4 d4 ,/aatl4 ,aufsi*tsbeamt5 b] ,unfallv]btung1 #aiji2 #d ,arb4 d4 ,hamb4 ,gew]be9spektor51 #aiji2 #e ,greiff1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 #ahij4 ,,coal ,,t> ,,col\rs #a ,die ,fabrik5 d] ,f>bw]ke vorm4 ,mei/] ,lucius ,brn+ zu ,h*/ a4 ,m41 #ahif2 #b ,concordia1 #aiaj1 p4 #cee2 #c ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl41 ,supplem4 pro #aijb1 p4 #cga2 #d ,s*rd]1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 #aijc1 p4 #ach2 ,rump1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,m$4 ,beamte1 #aijc1 p4 #eg2 #e ,brat1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aija1 ,nos4 #ai & #bj2 #f ,mohr1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijb2 #g ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijh1 p4 #chc2 #h ,hanke1 ,w4 ,kl94 ,wo*5s*r41 #ahii1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #gbe2 ,frank1 ,beitrge zur ,ang5heilk41 #ahih1 vol4 #ca1 p4 #ic2 ,silex1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,ang5heilk41 #aijb1 p4 #agh2 #i ,de>d51 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn41 #aijb1 vol4 #b1 p4 #gej2 #aj ,ann4 ,rept4 ( ,c4 ,i4 ( ,f41 #aije1 p4 #afe2 #aa ,mn*1 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijg2 #ab ,erdmann1 ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?41 #aije1 vol4 #ec1 p4 #dja4 ,,f]ro-,,silicon ,nature1 ,uses & ,manufacture ( ,f]ro-silicon1 by ,s4 ,m4 ,copeman1 ,s4 ,r4 ,b5nett1 & ,h4 ,w4 ,hake4 ,london4 #aiji4 ,cd4 #dieh4 ,,lead ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds ,legge & ,goadby1 ,lead ,poison+ & ,lead ,absorption4 ,edw>d ,arnold4 #aiab4 #a ,w*t]1 ,die gew]bli*e ,bleiv]giftung im ,deuts*5 ,rei*1 #aijh1 p4 #cf2 #b ,,xiv4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,hyg4 und ,dem41 #aijg1 vol4 #b1 p4 #gdf2 #c ,ramb\sek1 ,concordia1 #aiaj2 #d ,mll]1 ,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 ,bleihtt51 ,fis*]1 #aijh1 #aef2 #e ,frey1 ,die ,z9kgew9n+ und ihre ,hygi5e1 ,hirs*wald1 ,b]l91 #aijg2 #f ,w*t]1 ,die gew4 ,bleiv]giftung1 #aijh1 ,braun1 ,k>lsruhe2 #g ,clayton1 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn41 #aijf1 vol4 #a1 p4 #caj2 #h ,b]i*t an die ,int]n4 ,v]e9igung fr ,arbeit]s*utz1 #aijh4 ,,m]cury ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds #a ,laureck1 ,weyl's ,arbeit]kr41 p4 #fb2 #b ,giglioli1 ,ramazz9i1 #aiji1 vol4 #c1 p4 #bcj4 ,,ars5ic ,,& ,,its ,,comp\nds #a ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg41 #aijb1 p4 #dda2 #b ,prlss1 ,fri$rei*'s ,bl4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 #aija1 p4 #agf4 ,,antimony #a ,v]giftung51 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhe4 ,,brass #a ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 #aijf1 p4 #ahe2 #b ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 #aiaj1 vol4 #gb1 p4 #ceh4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,pa?ology ,,& ,,treatm5t ,,oxyg5 ,,inhalation ,,9 ,,indu/rial ,,poison+ ,brat1 #8,b$eutung d] ,sau]/(f!rapie 9 d] ,gew]behygi5e1 ,,xiv4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,hyg4 u4 ,dem4 und ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,heft #ac1 ,s4 #cje2 ,drg]1 #8,zur ,physiologie des ,rettungsapp>ates mit komprim4 ,sau]/(f1 ,i4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,rett4-,wes41 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 #aijh1 und ,fabrikfeu]wehr #aijh1 ,heft #ai1 ,s4 #gd2 ,klocke1 #8,die ,b$eutung d] ,sau]/(f9halation5 9 d] ,gew]behygi5e1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,heft #bj1 ,s4 #eei2 ,drg]1 #8,neue ,unt]su*ung5 b] die ,er=d]nisse e9es zur ,arbeit brau*b>5 ,rettungsapp>ates1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aije1 ,s4 #di2 ,klocke1 #8,sau]/(frettungsapp>ate1' ,soz4 ,te*n4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #ad1 ,s4 #bgb4 ,,hydr(luoric ,,acid ,,poison+ ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,i1 ,s4 #bc1 und ,,ii1 ,s4 #de2 ,ramb\sek1 #8,gew]bekrankh4 9 ,bhm51' ,concordia #aiaj1 ,heft #f1 und ,amts>zt #aiaj1 ,heft #g4 ,,sulphuric ,,acid ,,& ,,sulphur ,,dioxide ,ogata1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #b2 ,lehmann1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #ah1 ,s4 #ahj ff2 ,klocke #87,,s-,v]giftung und ,o-,inhal471' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #efb und #fag2 #8,,s-,absorption beim ,atemprozess1' ,*em4 ,ztg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #bdf2 #8,tod dur* ,e9atmung von ,s*wefelsur$ampf1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,s4 #dcj2 #8,s*wefel-dioxydv]giftung 9 ,engl&1' ,concordia #aiji1 ,heft #e1 ,s4 #aje2 #8,s*wefels4-,v]giftung1 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aiji 7,b]4 d4 ,b]ufsg54 f4 *em4 ,ind4 pro #aijh1 ,s4 #bf72 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ii1 ,s4 #eb4 ,,nitric ,,acid ,,& ,,nitr\s ,,fumes #8,v]g4 dur* nitrose ,gase 9 e9] ,zellulosefabrik1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh ,heft #bd1 ,s4 #efe2 #8,beh&lung von ,nitrosev]giftung5 dur* ,sau]/(f9halation51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,heft #bj1 ,s4 #efj2 #8,beh&lung dur* ,*lor(orm1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,heft #aj1 ,s4 #bbf1 und #aijg1 ,heft #h1 ,s4 #ahc2 #8,v]giftung5 dur* nitrose ,gase 7,zusamm5fassung71' ,holtzmann1 ,concordia1 #aijh1 ,nr4 #bc1 ,s4 #dih4 ,,*lor9e1 ,,brom9e1 ,,& ,,iod9e ,leymann1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #g1 ,s4 #bca2 ,b9z1 ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?41 ,bd4 #ac2 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahhh1 ,s4 #cde2 ,lehmann1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #cd1 ,s4 #cjb1 und ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #ccf2 ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 u4 ,ph4 #ahhg1 ,s4 #bca2 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,,ii1 ,s4 #ea2 ,*lorv]g41 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijg1 ,s4 #cdg1 #aijh1 ,s4 #cbe2 ,neiss]1 ,int]n4 ,ueb]s4 b] ,gew4-,hyg41 ,i1 ,s4 #id2 #8,*lorv]g4 9 ,engl&1' ,concordia #aiji1 ,s4 #aje4 ,lit]atur b] ,*lorakne4--,h]xheim]1 ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahii ,s4 #bgh2 ,bettmann1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #dcg2 ,lehmann1 ,ar*4 f4 ,d]matol4 #aije1 ,s4 #cbc2 ,leymann1 #8,erk4-,v]h4 d] *em4 ,gross9d41' ,concordia #aijf1 ,nr4 #g-i2 ,holtzmann1 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #ci1 ,s4 #beh4 ,,*lorides ,,( ,,phosphorus ,vaubel1 ,*em4 ,ztg4 #aijc2 ,leymann1 ,concordia #aijf1 ,nr4 #g2 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4-,arb4 #aijb1 ,s4 #di2 ,rumpf1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijh1 ,bd4 #cd1 ,s4 #acca4 ,,*loride ,,( ,,sulphur ,lehmann1 ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahid1 ,bd4 #bj1 ,s4 #bf2 ,leymann1 ,concordia #aijf1 ,heft #g4 ,,ammonia ,lehmann1 #8,v]au*e b] die ,wirkung1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #e2 #8,v]s4 b] die ,resorption1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #ag u4 #fg2 #8,v]su*e b] die ,gewhnung1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #cd2 ,lew91 #8,tdl4 ,ammoniakv]g4 9 e9] *em4 ,fabrik1 ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijh2 #8,tdl4 ,ammoniakv]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,wr4 #i1 ,s4 #bdb2 #8,ammoniakv]g4 9 d] ,klte-,ind4' ,,lead ,,poison+ #8,vorkomm5 d] ,bleiv]giftung4 ,blei]krankung5 9 d] ,bleihtte ,brauba*1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #bia2 ,bleiv]giftung5 9 gew]bl4 u htt5mnn4 ,betrieb5 7,oe/]rei*s71 h]ausgegeb5 vom k4 k4 ,arbeits/at4 ,amt3 ,i4 ,erhebung5 9 ,blei- und ,z9khtt52 ,,ii4 ,erhebung5 9 ,bleiweiss- und ,bleioxydfabrik52 ,,iii4 ,exp]tise1 betreff5d die ,blei- und ,z9khtt52 ,,iv4 ,exp]tise1 betreff5d die ,bleiweiss- und ,bleioxydfabrik52 ,v4 ,erhebung5 9 ,f>b5fabrik5 und ,betrieb5 mit ,an/rei*]-1 ,lacki]]- und ,mal]>beit52 ,,vi4 ,exp]tise hi]zu2 ,,vii4 ,erhebung5 und ,exp]tise 9 ,bu*- und ,/e9druck]ei5 und ,s*riftgisse]ei5 7alle ,teile ers*i55 bei ,alfr4 ,hld]1 ,wi5 #aije-aiji74 ,frey1 ,z9kgew9nung im ob]s*les4 ,indu/riebezirk1 ,b]l9 #aijg1 ,v]lag ,hirs*wald2 ,leymann1 ,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 d] ,indu/rie1 ,v]lag ,fis*]1 ,j5a #aijh2 ,mll]1 ,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 ,bleihtt51 ,v]lag ,fis*]1 ,j5a #aijh2 ,w*t]1 ,die gew]bl4 ,bleiv]g4 im ,deuts*5 ,rei*1 ,v]lag ,braun1 ,k>lsruhe #aijh2 ,*yz]1 ,les intoxications p> le plomb se prs5tant dans la cramiqu5 en ,hongrie1 ,s*midl1 ,budape/ #aijh2 ,kaup1 ,bleiv]g4 9 d] k]amis*5 ,ind41 als ,manuskript g$ruckt1 ,d4 ,sekt4 ,ges4 f4 ,soziale ,re=m2 ,teleky1 #8,beitrag z4 ,h4 d4 ,erzeug4 v4 ord4 ,tpf]w>e usw4 9 ,oe/]r41' ,arbeit]s*utz1 #aijh1 ,nr4 #ai1 #bj2 ,de ,vooys1 ,bleiv]g4 9 d] ni$]l4 k]am4 ,ind4 7,n$]l4 ,v]e54 voor wettelijke ,beseh]m+ van arbeid]s #aijh72 ,kaup1 ,bleiv]g4 9 /]r4 ,gew4-,betrieb51 ,s*rift5 des /]r4 ,v]e9es fr ,arbeit]s*utz #aijb1 ,heft #c2 ,somm]feld1 #8,zur ,bleiweissfrage1' ,soz4 ,praxis #aijb1 ,nr4 #h2 ,fri$+]1 #8,sanit4 ,v]h4 9 d4 ,bu*dr41' ,soz4 ,praxis #aijb1 ,nr4 #i2 ,wutzdorff1 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,z9khtt51 ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4-,amte1 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #dda2 ,blum1 ,unt]s4 b] ,bleiv]g41 ,frankfurt a4,m4 #aijj1 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl41 ,suppl4 #cb1 ,s4 #fcj2 ,panwitz1 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,bu*druck]ei51 ,v]ff4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4-,amtes #ahig1 ,s4 #ejc2 ,teleky1 #8,bleiv]g4 bei ,frans5knpf]9n51' ,ref4 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #a1 ,s4 #ac2 ' ,blei]krankung und ,bekmpfung d]s41 ,lit]atursammlung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,nr4 #f1 ,s4 #aca2 ,teleky1 #8,die gew]bl4 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,oe/]rei*1' ,soz4 ,te*n4 #aiji1 ,nr4 #ag1 ,s4 #ccc2 ,bleiv]g4 7,legge71 ,v]h4 d4 ,,ii4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,gew]bekrankh4 9 ,brssel #aiaj2 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,bhm5 7,ramb\sek71 ,concordia #aiaj1 ,nr4 #g1 ,amts>zt #aiaj1 ,nr4 #f2 ,abelsdorff1 ,/ati/ik d4 ,bleiv]g41 ,concordia #aiaj1 ,heft #ag1 ,s4 #cei2 ,wutzdorff1 #8,bleiv]g4 9 ,akkumulator5iabr41' ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4-,amte #ahih1 ,bd4 #ae1 ,s4 #aed2 ,ras*1 #8,ueb] ,bleiv]g4 d4 ,arb4 9 ,ka*elfabr41' ,arb4 a4 d4 kais4 ,ges4-,amte #ahih1 ,bd4 #ad1 ,s4 #ha4 ,,g5]al ,,lit]ature ,,on ,,pa?ology ,,& ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,lead ,,poison+ ,jores1 #8,die allg4 pa?ol4 ,anatomie d] *ron4 ,bleiv]g4 des ,kan9*5s1' ,beitrge z4 pa?4 ,anat4 u4 allg4 ,pa?4 #aijb1 ,bd4 #ca1 ,s4 #ahc2 ,glib]t1 ,le saturnisme exp]im5tal1 extrait d4 rapp4 ann4 de l'insp4 du travail en #aijf1 ,bruxelles1 #aijg4 ,ramb\sek1 #8,die ,pa?ol4 d4 ,bleiv]g4' 9 ,leymann's ,bekmpfung d4 ,bleigef41 ,s4 #ae1 ,velag ,fis*]1 ,j5a #aijh2 ,die ,v]htung d4 ,bleigefahr1 ,v]lag ,h>tleb5 #aijh2 ,blum1 #8,unt]s4 b] ,bleiv]g41 ,frankfurt a4,m4 #aijj1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl ,ges4-,pfl41 ,suppl4 #cb1 ,s4 #fcj2 ,els*nig1 #8,seh/rung5 b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,ges4 d4 ,a]zte1 ,wi51 ,sitzung v4 #ae4 ,april #ahih1 und ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahih1 ,s4 #acje2 #8,neu]e ,=s*ung5 b] ,bleiv]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #fbi2 ,seeligmll]1 #8,e9fl4 d4 ,bleies auf d5 ,frau5organismus usw41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #hdb2 ,b]nh>dt1 #8,zur ,pa?ol4 d4 ,bleilhmung1' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijj1 ,s4 #bf2 ,ramb\sek1 #8,die ,blei]krankung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 rztl4 ,=tbildung #aiji1 ,nr4 #g2 ,israel1 #8,obd4-,befund b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahie1 ,s4 #ege2 ,gump]tz1 ,b]nh>dt1 #8,anom4 d4 elektr4 ,erregb4 b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahid1 ,s4 #cgb u4 ,s4 #bhd2 ,jolly1 #8,sekt4-,befund b4 ,bleilnmung1 ,ent>t4 d4 ,gangl41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahic2 ,miura1 #8,ueb] die ,b$eutung des ,ble9a*weises auf d] ,haut ,bleikrank]1' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahij1 ,s4 #ajje2 ,mattirolo1 #8,beh&lung d4 ,bleikolik mit ,ery?roltetranitrat1' ,wi5] m$4 ,presse #aija1 ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #baga2 ,oddo und ,silb]t1 #8,auss*eidung des ,bleis1' ,revue m$4 #ahib1 ,nr4 #d1 und ,wi5] m$4 ,presse #ahib1 ,s4 #aahb2 ,mosse1 #8,v]nd]ung5 d4 ,gangl4 coeliac4 bei exp]4 ,bleikolik1' ,wi5] kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijd1 ,s4 #ice2 ,es*]i*1 #8,zwei ,flle v4 ,bleilhmung b4 ,k9d]n 7,p]oneuslhmung471' ,wi5] kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijc1 ,s4 #bbi2 ,v>iot1 #8,e9 ,fall v4 ,bleilhmung b4 e9em ,k9de 7,p]oneuslhmung71' ,gaz4 des ,hp4 #aijb1 ,s4 #dhb1 und ,wi5] kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb2 ,sorgo1 #8,progress4 ,muskelatrophie na* ,bleiv]g41' ,we9] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #iai2 ,v>iot1 #8,bleiv]g4 b4 e9em ,k9de1 ,p>ese d4 unt4 ,extrem41' ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #bjef2 ,rome1 #8,bleiv]g4 b4 ,k9d]n1' ,la trib4 m$4 #aijb1 ,nr4 #ci1 und ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #bcia2 ,layal1 ,laur5con1 ,r\sel1 #8,ers*e9ung5 d] ,pylorus/5ose b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahig2 ,macfairla91 #8,*lor(ormbeh&lung bei ,bleikolik1' ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahie2 ,be*told1 #8,spa/4 ,sp9alp>alyse b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,m$4 *ir4 ,z5tralbl4 #aijd1 ,nr4 #dj2 ,oliv]1 #8,lead-poison+1 c41' ,lancet1 #ahia1 ,s4 #ecj2 ,heymann1 #8,lhmung5 d4 ,kehlkopfmuskeln b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,ar*4 f4 ,l>+ol4 #ahif1 ,s4 #bef2 ,clayton1 #8,ind4 lead-poison+1' ,brit4 m$4 j\rn4 #aijf1 ,s4 #caj2 ,taylor1 #8,bleiamblyopie1' ,lancet #ahih1 ,s4 #gdb2 ,seeligmll]1 #8,zur ,pa?ol4 d4 *ron4 ,bleiv]g41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #cag2 ,lew91 #8,puls b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahig1 ,s4 #agg2 ,walko1 #8,erkr4 d4 ,mag5s b4 *ron4 ,bleiv]g41' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg1 ,s4 #agbh2 ,tielemanns1 ,p>otis]kr4 b4 ,bleiv]g41 ,monogr41 ,p>is #ahie2 ,borg51 #8,blutdruckbe/immung5 b4 ,bleikolik1' ,d4 ,ar*4 f4 kl94 ,m$4 #ahie1 ,s4 #bdh2 ,kli5eb]g]1 #8,intox4 saturn4 und ,nephritis sat41' ,mn*54 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijd1 ,s4 #cdj2 ,ba*1 #8,aug5]kr4 b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,ar*4 f4 ,aug5heilk4 #ahic1 ,s4 #bah2 ,r$li*1 #8,tabes und *ron4 ,bleiv]g41' ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahig1 ,s4 #hja2 ,seif]t1 #8,kehlkopfmuskellhmung b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahhd1 ,s4 #eee4 ,,lit]ature ,,on ,,blood ,,*anges ,,9 ,,lead ,,poison+ ,s*midt1 #8,die ,bleiv]g4 und ihre ,erk5nung1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #fc1 ,heft #a2 ,galp]9-,teytelmann1 ,die basophil5 ,granula d] rot5 ,blutk4 b4 ,bleairbeit]n1 ,+4 ,diss41 ,bonn #aijh2 ,c>ozzi1 ,rep]ti ematol4 e loro valore /ati/ico nel saturn4 pr(4 ,corr4 sanit>4 #aiji1 ,bd4 #bj1 ,nr4 #e u4 #f2 ,gilb]t1 ,le saturnisme exp41 ,bruxelles1 #aijg2 ,ramb\sek1 #8,beitrag z4 ,pa?ol4 d4 ,/(fw4 und d4 ,blutes b4 ,bleiv]g41 ,zeits*r4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 und ,!rap4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #g2 ,moritz1 #8,beziehung5 d] basophil5 ,granula zu d5 ,ery?rozyt51' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,nr4 #e2 ,/4 ,pet]sburg] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,nr4 #bf1 #aijc1 ,nr4 #ej2 ,v]h4 d4 ,i4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,arb4-,krankh4 9 ,mail& #aijf1 ,atti del congresso1 ,s4 #fja-fjg2 ,trautmann1 #8,blutunt]s4 b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aiji1 ,s4 #acga2 ,grawitz1',ueb] die krn4 ,deg5]at4 d4 rot5 ,blutkrp]*51' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahii1 ,nr4 #dd2 #8,die kl94 ,b$eutung und exp4 ,erzeugung krn4 ,deg5]4 9 d5 rot5 ,blutkrp]*51' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijj1 ,nr4 #i2 ,hamel1 #8,ueb] die ,beziehung5 d] krn4 ,deg5]4 d] rot5 ,blutkrp]*5 zu d5 son/4 morph4 ,v]nd4 des ,blutes mit besond]] ,b]cks4 d4 ,blei9tox41' ,d4 ,ar*4 f4 kl94 ,m$4 #aijj1 ,bd4 #fg2 ,frey1 #8,beitrag zur ,frhdiagnose v4 *ron4 ,bleiv]g41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #f2 ,grawitz1 ,kl94 ,pa?ol4 des ,blutes1 ,leipzig #aijf1 ,s4 #abj ff42 ,naegeli1 #8,ueb] die ,ent/ehung d] basoph4 gek4 rot5 ,blutk41' ,mn*54 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijd1 ,nr4 #e2 ,s*midt1 #8,zur ,frage d4 ,ent/ehung d4 basoph4 ,krn]1' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,nr4 #dd2 ,exp4 ,beitrge z4 ,pa?ol4 d4 ,blutes1 ,j5a #aijb2 #8,e9 ,beitrag4 z4 ,frage d4 ,blutreg541' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijc1 ,nr4 #ac2 ,erb51 #8,*em4 ,zusamm5setzung d4 ,blutes b4 ,bleiv]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,heilkunde1 #aije1 ,s4 #dgg4 ,,lit]ature ,,on ,,*anges ,,9 ,,metabolism ,,9 ,,lead ,,poison+ ,preti1 #8,beitrag z4 ,k5ntn4 d4 ,/ick/(fums4 b4 ,bleiv]g41' #aiji1 ,s4 #daa2 ,ramb\sek1 #8,beitrag z4 ,pa?ol4 d4 ,/(fw4 und d4 ,blutes1' ,zeits*r4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 und ,!r4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #g2 #8,pa?ol4 d4 ,bleiv]g4' 9 ,leymann's ,bekmpfung d4 ,bleigefahr1 ,fis*]1 ,j5a #aiji2 ,m9k[ski1 ,die ,gi*t1 ,wi51 #aijc1 ,hold]s ,v]lag42 ,s*itt5helm und ,brugs*1 #8,zur ,/(fwe*selpa?ol4 d4 ,gi*t1' ,zeits*r4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 und ,!r41 ,bd4 #d1 ,s4 #did-die4 ,,lit]ature ,,on ,,toxicity ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,lead ,,comp\nds ,blum1 #8,unt]s4 b] ,bleiv]g41 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 #aijj1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl41 ,suppl4 #cb1 ,s4 #fcj2 ,ramb\sek1 ,die ,v]htung d] ,bleigefahr1 ,v]lag ,h>tleb5 #aijh2 ,biondi und ,ramb\sek1 #8,polemik b] die ,ungiftigkeit d4 ,bleisulfids1' ,i4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,gew4-,krankh4 9 ,mail& #aijf1 ,atti del congresso1 ,s4 #fag-fbb2 ,lehmann1 #8,hyg4 ,unt]s4 b] ,blei*romat1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahic1 ,bd4 #af1 ,s4 #cae4 ,,z9c ,s*lock[1 #8,ueb] e9 eig5>tiges ,rck5m>ksleid5 bei ,z9khtt5>beit]n1' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahgi1 ,s4 #bjh2 ,trac9sky1 #8,die ob]s*lesis*e ,z9k9du/rie usw41' ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahhh1 ,bd4 #bj1 ,s4 #ei2 ,seiff]t1 #8,erkr4 d4 ,z9khtt5>b4 usw41' ibidem #ahig1 ,bd4 #ca1 ,s4 #dai2 ,lehmann1 #8,beitrge z4 hygi54 ,b$eutung d4 ,z9ks1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahig1 ,bd4 #bh1 ,s4 #cjj2 ,neu]e ,arbeit53 ,frey1 ,die ,z9kgew4 im ob]s*l4 ,indu/riebez4-usw41' ,v]lag ,hirs*wald-,b]l9 #aijg und ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #af1 ,s4 #cgf2 ,sigel1 #8,das ,giess]fieb] u4 se9e ,bekmpfung1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijf1 ,bd4 #cb1 ,s4 #agc2 ,lehmann1 #8,giess- od] ,z9kfieb]1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #gb1 ,s4 #ceh4 ,,m]cury ,s*nlank1 ,fr!r ,spiegelfabrik5 #ahhh 7,monogr472 ,wolln]1 #8,quecksilb]spiegelfabrik 9 ,fr?1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl41 ,bd4 #ai1 #c1 ,s4 #dba1 und ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahib1 ,bd4 #ci1 ,s4 #ecc2 ,/ickl]1 #8,hutfabrikation1 #ahhf1' ,revue d',hygine1 ,,viii1 ,s4 #fcb2 ,*>p5ti]1 #8,spiegelfabrik1' ,annal4 d'hyg4 publ41 avril #ahhe1 ,s4 #cbc2 ,h5ke1 ,quecksilb]v]g4 9 ,hutfabrik51 ,knau]1 ,frankfurt #ahhi2 ,wittzack1 #8,quecksilb]v]g4 b4 d4 ,spiegelbel4 usw41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahif1 ,s4 #baf2 ,dona?1 #8,quecksilb]v]g4 9 ,gluhlamp5fabrik51' ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahid1 #h4 #hhh2 ,r5k1 ' ,quecksilb]v]>beitung1' ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4-,amte1 ,bd4 #e1 ,heft ,i2 ,letulle1 #8,has5ha>s*neid]ei1' ,revue d',hyg41 ,,xi1 ,s4 #dj2 ,ueb] ,has5fellbeize1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #hba2 ,sozialte*n4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #ci2 #8,quecksilb]v]g4 9 d4 ,glhlamp59d41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #dfi2 #8,quecksilb]v]g4 9 ,amiata 9 ,itali5 7ausfhrli*e ,s*ild]ung d] ,symptome s*w]] ,quecksilb]v]g471' ,giglioli1 im ,ramazz9i #aiji1 ,bd4 #c1 ,s4 #bcj1 und #8,demon/ration am ,,ii4 ,ital4 ,kongr4 f4 ,arbeit]krankh4 9 ,flor5z #aiji1' ref4 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #bhi1 und ,*em4 ,ztg41 ,rep]t41 #aiji1 ,s4 #daa2 #8,quecksilb]v]g4 9 ,hutfabrik5 9 ,itali51' ,ramazz9i1 #aiji1 ,s4 #bcj2 ,laureck1 9 ,weyls ,h&b4 d4 ,arb4-,krankh4 #aiji1 ,s4 #fb4 ,,manganese ,c\p]1 ,j\rn4 de *im41 #ahcg1 ,bd4 #c1 ,s4 #b2 ,jaks*1 ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #fjb2 ,embd51 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r41 ,bd4 #bg1 ,s4 #gie1 u4 ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #aheb2 ,jaks*1 #8,ueb] ,mangan9toxikation5 u4 ,manganophobie1' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #ed1 ,s4 #ifi2 ,hauck1 #8,manganismus4' ,vortrag auf dem ,,xiv4 ,int]n4 ,kongr4 f4 ,hyg4 u4 ,dem41 ,b]l9 #aijg1 ,bd4 #d1 ,s4 #ccg2 ,fri$el1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aiji1 ,s4 #abib4 ,,*romium ,delpe* et ,hill>et1 ,annal4 d',hyg4 publ4 #ahgf2 ,viron1 ,contrib4 l'tude phys4 et tox4 de quelques prp4 *roms1 ,p>is1 #ahhe2 ,burgh>dt1 #8,*romv]g4 9 d] ,zndhlz*59du/rie1' ,*>it ,annal51 ,,xxiii1 #ahih1 ,s4 #ahi2 ,wutzdorff1 #8,die 9 d5 ,*romatfabrik5 beoba*tet5 ,gesundheits-s*digung54' ,,nickel ,nickelkrtze3 #8,jahresb]i*te d4 preuss4 ,reg4- u4 ,gew]b]te fr das ,jahr #aijg1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #h1 ,s4 #ahe1 u4 #aiji1 ,nr4 #ad1 ,s4 #cgd2 ,klocke1 ,soz4 ,m$4 u4 ,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #e1 ,nr4 #b4 ,,nickel ,,c>bonyl ,h4 ,w4 ,armit3 ,j\rn4 ( ,hygi5e1 #aijg1 p4 #ebd1 & #aijh1 p4 #efe2 ,vahl51 ,ar*4 exp4 ,pa?ol4 u4 ,ph4 #aijb1 ,bd4 #dh1 ,s4 #aag2 ,mittas*1 ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 #aijc1 ,bd4 #di1 ,s4 #cfg2 ,langlois1 ,compt4 r5d4 de la soc4 de ,biol4 #ahia1 ,s4 #bab4 ,,silv] 7,,argyria7 ,s*ub]t1 #8,argyrie bei ,glasp]l5v]silb]]n1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,heilk4 #ahie1 ,bd4 #af1 ,s4 #cda2 ,lew91 #8,lokale ,gew]be>gyrie1' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahhf1 ,s4 #dag2 ,blas*ko1 ,ar*4 f4 mikr4 ,anatomie1 ,bd4 #bg1 ,s4 #fea4 ,,ars5ic #8,ars5v]g4 9 d] ,dela9age1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #c1 ,s4 #ga2 #8,ars5ikv]g4 9 d] ,ind41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,s4 #cec1 und #aijc1 ,s4 #dgf2 #8,ars5ikv]g4 9 ,engl&1 na* d5 ,b]4 d] engl4 ,gew4-,insp41' ,concordia #aiji1 ,nr4 #e1 ,s4 #aje2 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,,ii1 ,s4 #ea4 ,,phosphorus ,lor9s]1 ,m$4 ,jahrb4 d4 /]r4 ,/aates1 #ahde1 ,bd4 #ea1 ,s4 #beg2 und ,zeits*r4 d4 ,gesells*4 d4 ,a]zte 9 ,wi51 #ahea1 ,bd4 #ee1 ,s4 #bb2 ,gei/ u4 ,bibra1 ,die ,krankh4 d4 ,arb4 9 d] ,phosphorzndholzfabrik1 ,erlang5 #ahdg2 ,wegn]1 ,vir*4-,ar*4 #ahgb1 ,bd4 #ee1 ,s4 #aa2 ,magitot1 ,revue d',hygine1 #ahie1 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #bja2 ,koll91 #8,ob]kief]nekrose1' ,z5tralbl4 f4 inn4 ,m$4 #ahhi1 ,s4 #abgi2 ,de>d51 #8,osse\s fragilit4 am4 work]s 9 luc4 mat* fet41' ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #ahii1 ,s4 #ib2 ,lvai1 #8,ueb] ,phosphornekrose1' ,wi5] kl94 ,runds*4 #aijj1 ,s4 #cc2 #8,e9 ,fall von ,phosphornekrose #ai ,jahre na* d] ,arbeit 9 ,zndhlz*5fabrik51' ,wi5] kl94 ,runds*4 #ahif1 ,nr4 #bi1 ,s4 #ejc2 ,/ockman1 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #ahii2 ,/ub5rau*1 ,ar*4 f4 kl94 ,*ir4 #ahii1 ,heft #a1 und ,samml4 kl94 ,vortr4 #aija1 ,nr4 #cjc2 ,rpke1 ,zeits*r4 d4 ,z5tral/4 f4 ,arb4-,wohlf4-,e9r4 #aija1 ,nr4 #a2 #8,phosphorv]g4 9 ,engl& 7na* d5 ,b]i*t5 d] engl4 ,gew4-,insp471' ,concordia1 #aiji1 ,nr4 #e1 ,s4 #aje2 ,teleky1 #8,die ,phosphornekrose 9 ,oe/]rei*1' ,s*rift5 d] ,oe/]r4 ,gesells*4 f4 ,arbeit]s*utz1 ,heft #ab1 ,v]lag ,deuticke #aijg2 ,fri$ri*1 #8,die ,phosphorv]g4 9 ,ung>n' 79 ung>4 ,spra*e71 ,s*rift5 d] ,ung>4 ,gesells*4 f4 ,arbeit]s*utz1 ,heft #d1 ,budape/ #aijh4 ,,phosphorett$ ,,hydrog5 ,s*ulz1 ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 u4 ,phys4 #ahij1 ,bd4 #bg1 ,s4 #cad2 ,dietz1 #8,phosphorwass]/(fv]g4 bei e9em ,phosphorfabrik>b41' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aijd1 ,bd4 #di4 ,spezielle ,lit]atur b] ,phosphorwass]/(fv]giftung dur* ,f]rosilizium3 ,bahr1 ,lehnk]+1 #8,phosphorv]g4 dur* ,f]rosiliz41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijf1 ,s4 #abc2 ,jahresb]4 d4 engl4 ,gew4-,insp4 f4 d4 ,j4 #aijg 7vgl4 ,soz4 ,te*n4 #aijh1 ,bd4 #g1 ,s4 #fhi und #fij72 ,oliv]1 ,diseases ( ,occupation1 #aijh2 ,h4 ,le ,*ateli]1 ,ann4 ,m94 #aiji1 ,bd4 #ae1 ,s4 #bac2 vgl4 f]n] ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #egd1 und ,s4 #aha4 ,,hydrog5 ,,sulphide ,lehmann1 #8,exp4 ,/udi5 b] ,s*wefelw41' ,ar* f4 ,hyg41 ,bd4 #ad1 ,s4 #adb2 #8,gewhnung an ,s*wefelw41' ibidem1 ,bd4 #cd1 ,s4 #cjc2 #8,absorption von ,s*wefelw41' ibidem1 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #ccb2 ,blum5/ock1 #8,lehre von d] ,v]g4 mit ,kloak5gas51' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahgc1 ,bd4 #ah1 ,s4 #bie2 ,kasp]1 #8,mass5v]g4 mit ,kloak5gas1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 ,bd4 #b1 ,s4 #eic2 ,rm]1 #8,akute tdl4 ,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g41' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahig1 ,s4 #hea2 ,oliv]1 dieselbe1 ,lancet1 #aijc1 ,s4 #bbe2 #8,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g4 bei d] ,saturation v4 ,s*wefelb>ium1' ,b]4 d4 ,b]ufsg54 f4 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijg1 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijh1 ,s4 #cbc2 #8,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g4 9 e9] ,fabrik auf ,ammoniaksalze'2 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,,ii1 ,s4 #df2 #8,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g4 9 ,engl&1 ,b]4 d4 engl4 ,gew4-,insp41' siehe ,concordia1 #aiji1 ,s4 #aje2 #8,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g4 9 d4 *em4 ,ind41' ,te*n4 gew]bl4 ,ratgeb] #aijf1 ,s4 #ajh2 #8,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g4 und ,sau]/(f9halation1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #ehg2 #8,er/e ,hilfe bei ,s*wefelwass]/(fv]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #dee1 au* ,*em ,ind4 #aijh1 ,s4 #cbg4 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide ,delpe*1 #8,accid5ts qui dvelopp5t *ez les ouvri]s en ca\t*\c et du sulfure de c>bone etc41' ,l',union md4 #ahgf1 ,no4 #ff2 #8,n\velles re*]*es sur l'intox4 du ,,cs etc41' ,ann4 d',hyg4 publ4 ,nr4 #cg2 ,sapeli]1 #8tude sur le sulfure de c>bone1' ,?se1 ,p>is #ahhe2 ,ros5blatt1 ,ueb] die ,wirkung v4 ,,cs-,dmpf5 auf d5 ,m5s*51 ,diss4 ,wrzburg #ahij2 ,pi*l]1 ,e9 ,beitrag z4 ,k5ntn4 d4 akut5 ,,cs-,v]g41 ,b]l9 #ahig 7,fis*]72 ,lehmann1 #8,exp4 ,/ud4 b] ,s*wefelk41' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahid1 ,bd4 #bj1 ,s4 #ef ff42 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #ahii1 #8,s*utzmassregeln d] ,kauts*uk9du/rie 9 ,engl&'2 ,laud5heim]1 ,s*wefelk4-,v]g4 d4 ,gummi>b4 #hii1 ,leipzig1 ,veit ,comp42 ,h>ms51 #8,die ,s*wefelk4 im ,fabr4 ,betrieb1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aije1 ,s4 #adi2 ,riegl]1 #8,die n]vs5 ,/rung5 bei ,,cs-,v]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,n]v5h4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #cc2 ,ro?1 #8,gew]bl4 ,,cs-,v]g4 usw41' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #egj2 ,re9]1 #8,s*wefelk4-,amblyopie1' ,wi5] kl9 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahie1 ,s4 #iai2 ,qu5sel1 #8,gei/es/rung5 na* ,,cs-,v]g41' ,monat%4 f4 ,psy*4 #aije1 ,bd4 #af4 ,,cyanog5 ,,& ,,cyanog5 ,,comp\nds 7,,prussic ,,acid1 ,c47 ,m]zba*1 #8,*ron4 ,zyanv]g4 bei e9em ,galvaniseur1' ,hyg4 ,runds*4 #ahii1 ,nr4 #a2 ,pfeiff]1 #8,zyanv]g4 d4 ,kanalgase 7,abgnge v4 d4 ,zyangew9nung71' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #aijd2 ,/ritt1 #8,v]g4 d4 ,zyanv]b4 im ,dngemittel1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,hyg4 #aiji1 ,bd4 #fb1 ,s4 #afi2 ,ta?am1 #8,zyanv]g4 beim ,re9ig5 v4 ,goldspitz51' ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #ahhd1 ,s4 #dji2 ,kockel1 #8,blausurev]g4 bei e9em ,zelluloidbr&1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijc1 ,s4 #a2 #8,zyanv]g4 u4 ,sau]/(f9hal4' 7,brat71 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #ehh2 ,lehmann1 #8,ueb] die ,gift4 d4 gasfrm4 ,blausure 7,giftigkeitsgr5z571' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijc1 ,s4 #iah2 ,blas*ko1 #8,b]ufsd]matos5 d4 ,arb4 7,hautleid5 b4 ,v]w5dung v4 ,zyanid571' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r1 #ahhi1 ,s4 #iae2 ,mac,kelway s4 7,hautleid571 ,am]4 ,j\rn4 ( ,m$ic4 ,sci5ce1 #aije1 ,s4 #fhd2 ,wilkes 7ditto71 ,lancet1 #aijd1 ,s4 #ajeh4 ,,ars5iurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 7,v]f]tig5 v4 ,k9d]ballons71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 ,s4 #dda2 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 7,ausle]5 e9es ,s*wefelsuretanks71' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb] #aijf1 ,s4 #aji2 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 im ,htt5betriebe 7,o-,inhalation71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #ehi u4 ,s4 #fag2 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #bfc1 u4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #agi2 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 9 ,engl&1 na* d5 ,b]4 d4 engl4 ,gew4-,insp41' ,concordia #aiji1 ,s4 #aje2 ,egli1 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g41' ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,,ii1 ,s4 #db2 ,lunge1 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 beim ,lt51' ,*em4-,ztg4 #aijd1 ,s4 #aafi2 ,b>i1 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 dur* ,ballongas1' ,ar*4 f4 krim4 ,an?rop4 #aijf1 ,s4 #adg4 ,,c>bonic ,,oxide ,g5]al ,lit]ature on ,,co-,poison+4--,beck]1 #8,die ,,co-,v]g4 u4 ihre ,v]htung1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahic1 ,s4 #cdi2 ,greiff1 #8,,co-,v]g4 bei d4 ,te]de/ill41 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahij1 ,s4 #cei2 ,br\>del1 #8,,co-,v]g4 d4 ,kalk(5gase1' ,ann4 d',hyg4 publ4 #ahdj2 ,beck]1 #8,na*krankheit5 d4 ,,co-,v]g41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahic1 ,s4 #ega2 ,re9hold1 #8,*ron4 ,,co-,v]g41' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijd1 ,s4 #gic2 #8,,co-,v]g4 beim ,s5g5 des ,g>nes1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #bfg4 ,lit]ature on ,,co-,poison+ 9 ,gas ,works4--,jehle1 #8,hyg4 d4 ,gas>beit]1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,heft #ad u4 #ae1 ,s4 #bde ff42 ,s*tte1 #8,krankh4 d4 ,gas>b41' ,weyls ,arbeit]krankh4 #aijh1 ,s4 #bci ff42 ,ramb\sek1 ,concordia #aiaj1 ,nr4 #f4 ,,c>bon ,,oxy*loride 7,,phosg5e ,,gas7 #8,tdl4 ,v]g4 d4 ,phosg5 9 e9] ,f>b5fabrik1' ,jahresb]4 d4 ,b]ufsg54 f4 d4 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aije1 vgl4 ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb]1 #aijf1 ,s4 #ajh2 ,klocke1 #8,mehr]e gew]bl4 ,phosg5v]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf2 ,sury-,bi5z1 #8,b4 z4 ,kasui/ik d4 ,intox41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijg1 ,s4 #bea2 ,mll]1 ,zeits*r4 f4 angew ,*emie1 ,bd4 #ac 7,heft v4 #ab4 ,aug4 #aiaj74 ,,c>bon ,,dioxide #8,kohl5surev]g4 b4 d4 ,kesselre9igung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #abi2 ,kohl5surev]g4 und ,o-,inhalation1' eb5da #aijf1 ,s4 #ehi2 ,lehmann1 #8,unt]s4 b] die langdau]nde ,wirkung mittl]] ,kohl5surem5g5 auf d5 ,m5s*51' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aijj1 ,s4 #cce4 ,,petroleum1 ,,b5z9e1 ,c4 ,petroleumv]giftung4--,bor!nson1 #8,die ,naph?a9d4 9 sanit4 ,beziehung1' ,vortrag auf dem ,,xii4 ,int]n4 ,a]ztekongr4 9 ,moskau #ahig u4 ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahih1 ,bd4 #cj1 ,s4 #cae2 ,bur591 #8,die ,naph?a u4 i4 ,v]>b4 9 sanit4 ,beziehung1 ,pet]sburg #ahhh2 ,lew91 #8,ueb] allg4 und ,hautv]g4 d4 ,petrol41' ,vir*[s ,ar*4 #ahhh1 ,bd4 #aab1 ,s4 #ce2 ,%>p1 #8,! ,poison ,effects ( ,petrol41' ,m$4 ,news1 #ahhh2 ,samuel1 #8,v]g4 9 ,petroleumtanks1' ,b]l4 kl94 ,wo*5s*r41 #aijd1 ,bd4 #da1 ,s4 #ajdg2 ,f\l]ton1 ditto1 ,lancet #ahhf1 ,s4 #adi2 ,mabille1 ditto1 ,revue d',hyg4 ,bd4 #ah1 #ahif1 ,nr4 #c2 ,b]4 d4 engl4 ,gew4-,insp42 vgl4 ,concordia #aiji1 ,s4 #aje4 ,sk9 diseases 9 ,petroleum und ,p>aff9>beit]4--,*evalli]1 ,ann4 d',hyg4 #ahfd2 ,lew91 ,vir*[s ,ar*4 #ahhh 7siehe ob572 ,mit*ell1 ,m$4 ,news1 ,bd4 #ec1 ,s4 #aeb2 ,d]ville u4 ,gu]monprez 7,papillome71 ,annal4 d]m4 #ahij1 ,s4 #cfi2 ,brmont1 ,revue d',hyg4 #ahie1 ,s4 #aff2 ,ramb\sek1 ,concordia #aiaj1 ,nr4 #f4 ,b5z9v]giftung4--,dor5dorf 7b4 ,kauts*uk>b471 ,zeits*r4 f4 kl94 ,m$4 #aija1 ,s4 #db2 ,f9layson1 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #aijc1 ,s4 #edf2 ,brgi 7,v]g4 d4 ,autob5z971 ,korr4 f4 ,s*weiz4 ,a]zte1 #aijf1 ,bd4 #cf1 ,s4 #cej2 ,box1 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #aijh1 ,s4 #hjg2 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #ccc1 #aijg1 ,s4 #aeg1 und #aijf1 ,s4 #eae2 ,s*f]1 #8,v]w5dung u4 s*dl4 ,wirkung e9ig] ,kohl5wass]/(fe u4 &]] ,kohl5/(fv]b9dung51' ,hamb4 ,gew4-,insp4-,arb4 u4 ,sond]b]i*te1 #aiji1 ,s4 #g4 ,,b5z5e ,b5zolv]g4 b4 d4 ,b5zolde/ill3 ,zeits*r4 f4 angew4 ,*emie1 #ahif1 ,s4 #fge2 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijf1 ,s4 #cih2 ,*em4 ,ztg4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #agg4 ,b5zolv]g4 7,b5zolextrakt4-,app>473 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb4 #aijc1 ,s4 #eh2 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijg1 ,s4 #cdg2 vgl4 ,lew91 ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg und ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,s4 #eha4 ,b5zolv]g4 b4 ,re9ig5 von ,b5zollag]kesseln3 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aije1 ,s4 #ddd2 #aijg1 ,s4 #cdg2 f]n] #aiji1 ,nr4 #ad1 ,beil4 ,s4 #be4 ,b5zolv]g4 9 e9] ,gummifabrik3 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aije1 ,s4 #ddb4 ,b5zolv]g4 bei d4 ,fabr4 v4 ,antipyr93 ,egli1 ,unf4 b4 *em4 ,arb41 ,i1 #aijc1 ,s4 #eh4 ,b5zolv]g4 d4 ,asphaltan/ri*masse3 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,s4 #bib4 ,santesson1 #8,b5solv]g4 9 e9] ,gummiw4-,fabrik4 7und exp]4 ,unt]su*ung571' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahig1 ,bd4 #ca1 ,s4 #ccf4 ,ramb\sek1 ,die gew]bl4 ,b5zolv]g4 ,b]i*t am ,,ii4 ,int4 ,kongr4 f4 ,gew]bekrankh4 9 ,brssel #aiaj4 ,wojcie*[ski1 ,ueb] die ,giftigkeit v]s*4 ,h&elssort5 des ,b5zols 9 ,gas=m1 ,inaug4-,diss4 ,wrzburg1 #aiaj2 ,lehmann1 #8,aufnahme von ,b5zol aus d] ,luft dur* ,ti] und ,m5s*1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,heft #d2 ,sury ,bi5z1 #8,tdli*e ,b5zolv]g41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahhh1 ,s4 #ach2 ,s*aef]1 #8,v]w5dung u4 s*dl4 ,wirkung e9ig] ,kohl5w4 u4 &]] ,kohl5/(fv]b9dung51' ,hamb4 ,gew4-,insp41 ,arb4 und ,sond]b]i*te1 #aiji4 ,,halog5 ,,sub/itution ,,products ,,( ,,! ,,aliphatic ,,hydroc>bons 7,,n>cotics7 ,lehmann1 #8,aufnahme *lori]t] ,kohl5wass]/(fe aus d] ,luft dur* ,m5s* und ,ti] 7,*lor(orm1 ,tetra*lorkohl5/(f1 ,tetra*lor?an71' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #gb1 ,heft #d2 ,gr&homme1 ,die ,fabr4 d4 ,a4-,g4 ,f>bw]ke 9 ,h*/ a4 ,m4 9 sanit4 und soz4 ,beziehung1 #ahic1 #c ,aufl41 ,s4 #hh 7,jodme?ylv]g4 b4 d4 ,antipyr9b]eitung72 ,jacquet1 #8,gew]bl4 ,brom- und ,jodme?ylv]g41' ,d4 ,ar*4 f4 kl94 ,m$4 #aija1 ,bd4 #ga1 ,s4 #cgj2 ,s*ul]1 #8,gew]bl4 ,bromme?ylv]g41' ,d4 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahii1 ,bd4 #ca1 ,s4 #fif2 ,s*aef]1 #8,v]w5dungs>t u4 s*dl4 ,wirkung e9ig] ,kohl5wass]/4 u4 &]] ,kohl5/(fv]g4' 7,tetra*lorkohl5/(f71' ,b]4 d4 ,hamburg] ,gew]be-,inspektion1 #aiji1 ,s4 #aa4 ,,halog5 ,,sub/itution ,,products ,,( ,,! ,,b5z5e ,,s]ies 7,,*lorb5z5e1 ,c474 ,leymann1 #8,erkr4-,v]h4 9 e9ig5 *em4 ,betr41' ,concordia #aijf1 ,heft #g 7,*lorb5zol1 ,b5zoyl*lorid72 #8,v]g4 mit ,*lorb5zol1 ,nitro*lorb5zol usw41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #aijb1 ,suppl4 ,s4 #cga1 und ,concordia #aijb1 ,nr4 #e2 ,mohr1 #8,*lorb5zolv]g41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #gc4 ,,hydroxyl ,,sub/itution ,,products ,,( ,,! ,,aliphatic ,,s]ies 7,,alcohols7 ,pohl1 #8,wirkung5 von ,me?ylalkohol1' ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 #ahic1 ,s4 #bha2 ,patillo u4 ,colb\rn1 #8,gew]bl4 ,me?ylalkoholv]g41' ,oph?alm4 ,rec4 #ahii4 ,,nitro ,,& ,,amido ,,d]ivatives ,,( ,,b5z5e 7,,nitrob5z5e1 ,,anil9e1 ,c47 ,leymann1 #8,erkr4-,v]h4 9 e9] ,anil9f>b5fabrik1' ,concordia #aiaj1 ,heft #ag1 ,s4 #cee2 ,gr&homme1 ,die ,fabr4 d4 ,a4-,g4 ,f>bw4 9 ,h*/4 a4 ,m4 9 sanit4 u4 soz4 ,beziehung1 #ahif 7und ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahhj72 #8,nitrob5zol- und ,anil9v]g41 ,vors*r4 f4 d4 ,v]halt51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #bb1 ,s4 #fai2 #8,nitrob5zol 79 ,m9]all71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #aei2 ,rhl1 #8,akute u4 *ron4 ,v]g4 m4 ,nitrokrp]n d4 ,b5zolreihe1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahij1 ,s4 #bjb2 ,le!by1 ditto1 ,proce$4 ( ! ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahfc1 ,s4 #eej2 ,?ompson1 ditto1 ,briti% ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #ahia1 ,s4 #hja2 ,fri$lnd]1 #8,intox4 m4 ,b5zol- u4 ,toluold]ivat51' ,neurol4 ,z5tralbl4 #aijj2 ,s4 #bid2 #8,nitrotoluolv]g4 9 e9] ,spr5g/(fabrik1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #chc2 #8,nitroxylolv]g41' ,*em4 ,ind4 #aije1 ,s4 #ddd2 #8,intox4 m4 ,nitrokrp]n4 u4 d]5 ,beh&l4 m4 ,sau]/(f9hal41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #fag2 ,brat1 #8,gew4 ,me?moglob9v]g4 u4 d]5 ,beh&l4 m4 ,sau]/(f1' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,s4 #bif2 ,leymann1 #8,v]g4 m4 ,nitrob5zol1 ,nitroph5ol1 ,d9itroph5ol1 ,nitro*lorb5zol1 usw41' ,concordia #aijb1 ,nr4 #e2 ,s*rd] und ,/rassmann 7,v]g4 9 ,roburitfabrik571 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$41 ,suppl4 #ahia1 ,s4 #ach2 ,brat1 #8,erkr4 9 e9] ,roburitfabrik1' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aija1 ,nr4 #ai und ,nr4 #bj2 #8,v]g4 m4 ,d9itrob5zol 9 ,engl&1' ,concordia #aiji1 ,s4 #aje2 ,mohr1 #8,v]g4 m4 ,*lorb5zol1 ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijb1 ,s4 #gc2 ,silex1 #8,aug5s*digung5 d4 ,nitronaph?al91' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,aug5heilk4 #aijb1 ,s4 #agh2 ,hus]mann und ,s*midt1 #8,gew]bl4 ,nitrob5zol- u4 ,anil9v]g41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahgg1 ,s4 #cjg2 #8,gew]bl4 ,anil9v]g41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #cej u4 ,s4 #fjb1 #aijh1 ,s4 #chd1 #aijf1 ,s4 #dee1 ,s4 #eii1 ,s4 #fag u4 #fai 7,beh&lung71 #aijc1 ,s4 #acc1 #aijb1 ,s4 #fc2 #8,anil9v]g4 9 ,engl&1' ,concordia #aiji1 ,s4 #aje2 ,hildebr&t1 #8,anil9d]ivate1 ,giftwirkung 7,int]n4 m$4 ,kongr4 ,budape/ #aiji71' ,*em4 ,ztg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #iig2 ,seyb]?1 #8,blas5ges*wl/e d4 ,anil9>b41' ,mn*n4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg1 ,s4 #aegc2 #8,erhebung5 b] das ,vorkomm5 von ,blas5ges*wl/5 bei ,anil9>b41' ,zeits*r4 fr ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #aef2 ,rehn1 #8,blas5ges*wl/e bei ,anil9>b41' ,ar*4 f4 kl94 ,*ir4 #ahie1 ,s4 #ehh2 ,lew91 #8,p>anitranil9v]g41 ,ob]guta*t51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,s4 #eig2 ,crieg]n1 #8,gew]bl4 ,p>aph5yl5diam9v]g41' ,,xx4 ,kongr4 f4 inn4 ,m$iz91 ,wiesbad51 #aijb2 ,erdmann1 ,vahl51 #8,wirkung des ,p>aph5yl5diam9s1' ,ar*4 f4 exp4 ,pa?4 #aije1 ,s4 #dja2 ,georgievics 7,wirkung d4 ,te]f>b/(fe71 ,f>b5*emie1 #aijg1 ,s4 #ac2 ,pross] ,:ite1 ,rese>*es into ! ,aromatic ,comp\nds1 ,lancet1 #aija1 ,case ( ,anil9e ,poison+1 ,int]n4 ,cong4 ,brussels1 #aiaj4 ,,turp5t9e ,lehmann1 #8,beitrge z4 ,k5ntn4 d4 ,t]p5t9lwirkung1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahii1 ,s4 #cba2 ,re9h>d1 #8,gew]bl4 ,t]p5t99tox41' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahhg1 ,s4 #bef2 ,dres*]1 #8,t]p5t9dampf9h4 tdl4 ,v]g4 e9es ,arb4 beim ,inn5an/ri* e9es ,kessels1' ,zeits*r4 f4 m$4 ,beamte #aijf1 ,s4 #aca2 ,s*aef]1 #8,v]w5dungs>t u4 s*dl4 ,wirkung e9ig] ,kohl5wass]/(fe u4 &4 ,kohl5/(fv]b9d41' ,hamburg] ,gew4-,insp41 ,arbeit5 und ,sond]abdrcke1 #aiji1 ,s4 #i4 ,,pyrid5e ,blas*ko1 #8,mbelpoli]]ekzem1' ,d4 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahij1 ,s4 #dge4 ,,tobacco1 ,,nicot9e ,jehle1 #8,gesundh4 ,v]hltn4 d4 ,tabak>b41' ,ar*4 f4 ,unf4-,heilk4 #aija1 ref4 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,s4 #bcf2 ,ro*s1 #8,e9fluss d4 ,tabaks auf die ,gesundheitsv]hltnisse d4 ,tabak>b41' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #ahhi1 ,s4 #ajd4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,prev5tive ,,measures ,,g5]al ,,measures 7,,notification1 ,,li/s ,,( ,,poison\s ,,sub/ances1 ,c47 ,fis*]1 ,li/e d] gew]bl4 ,gifte 7,entwurf71 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 7als ,manuskript g$ruckt71 #aiaj2 ,somm]feld1 ,li/e d] gew]bl4 ,gifte 7,entwurf7 ,v]lag ,fis*]1 ,j5a1 #aijh2 ,c>ozzi1 ,avvel5am5ti ed infezioni pr(essionali 7gew]bl4 ,gifte und ,infektion571 ,v]lag ,fossati1 ,mail&1 #aiji2 ,ramb\sek1 ,,ii ,congrs int4 des maladies pr(4 ,bruxelles #aiaj1 ,s4 #ad2 #8,anzeigepfli*t bei gew]bl4 ,erkrankung51' ,b]4 b] die ,v]h4 d4 ,abt4 f4 ,gew]bekrankh4 auf d] #cf4 ,jahresv]s4 d] ,briti% m$4 ,assoc4 9 ,%effield #aijh1 ,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rn4 #aijh1 ,s4 #dja-djh und #dhj-dif2 ,ramb\sek1 #8,arbeit]s*utz und ,v]si*]ung bei gew]bl4 ,erkrankung51' ,sozialte*nik #aiji1 ,heft #d1 ,s4 #fe2 ,lew91 ,grundlag5 fr die m$4 und re*tl4 ,beurteilung des ,zu/&ekomm5s und des ,v]laufes von ,v]giftungs- u4 ,infektions-,krankheit5 im ,betriebe 7,monogr47 ,b]l91 ,heymanns ,v]lag1 #aijg4 ,,sulphuric ,,acid ,,indu/ry #8,s*wefelsure]zeugung1 ,s*utz geg5 ,nitrosev]g41' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb]1 #aijf1 ,heft #f1 ,s4 #aji2 #8,s*wefelsure]zeugung1 ,re9igung von ,tankwaggons1' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb]1 #aijf1 ,heft #f1 ,s4 #aji2 #8,s*wefelsuretransport1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 ,nr4 #d1 ,s4 #fc2 #8,s*wefelsurev]g41 ,v]htung1' ,*em4 ,ind4 #aiji1 ,beilage1 ,b]4 d4 ,b]ufsg54 f4 d4 *em4 ,ind4 f4 d4 ,j4 #aijh1 ,s4 #bf2 #8,ausrum5 des ,gay-,lussac1 ,v]htung von ,v]g41 ,*em4 ,ind4 #aijg1 ,s4 #cea2 #8,sau]/(f geg5 ,s*wefelsurev]g41 ,atemapp>ate1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #bj1 ,s4 #efb1 und #aijf1 ,nr4 #bb1 ,s4 #fag4 ,,petroleum1 ,,b5z9e ,b]!nson1 #8,die ,naph?a9du/rie 9 sanit4 ,beziehung1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahih1 ,bd4 #cj1 ,s4 #cae2 ,kors*5ewski1 ,wrats*1 #ahhg1 ,nr4 #ag2 ,bur591 #8,die ,naph?a und ihre ,v]>beitung 9 sanit ,beziehung1' ,pet]sburg #ahhh2 ,mabille1 #8,revue d',hygine1' ,bd4 #ah1 ,nr4 #c2 ,b]i*t d] ,b]ufsg54 f4 *em4 ,ind4 #aije2 ,b]i*t d] preuss4 ,gew4-,insp4 #aijd2 ,klocke1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,s4 #cgi2 #8,b5z9]satz 79 *em4 ,ws*]ei571' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #bdh1 und #aijh1 ,s4 #chd2 #8,s*utz des ,arbeit]s vor ,b5z9dmpf51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,s4 #bcf4 ,,c>bon ,,bisulphide #8,na*weisung von ,s*wefelkohl5/(fdmpf5 9 ,fabrikrum51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #e1 ,s4 #ajg2 #8,hygi5is*e ,e9ri*tung beim ,vulkanisi]5 7,glib]t71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 ,nr4 #a1 ,s4 #a2 #8,absaugung d] ,dmpfe an ,vulkanisi]tis*51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,nr4 #ad1 ,s4 #cje2 ,laud5heim]1 #8,die ,s*wefelkohl5/(fv]g4 bei ,gummi>beit]n1' ,leipzig1 ,veit ,comp41 #ahii2 ,roesel]1',s*wefelkohl5/(f]krankung5 und d]5 ,v]htung1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ,m$4 u4 ff5tl4 ,sanittswes5 #aijj1 #c4 ,folge1 ,bd4 #bj1 ,s4 #bic 7ref4 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,s4 #afd72 #8,e9ri*tung5 von ,gummifabrik51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,s4 #bfj u4 #dhd4 ,,illum9at+ ,,gas #8,leu*tgasv]g4-,v]htung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,heft #bb1 ,s4 #fjd2 #8,koksls*e9ri*tung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,heft #aj1 ,s4 #bca2 #8,b$eutung d] ,sau]/(f9halation5 9 d] ,leu*tgas9du/rie1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,heft #ba1 ,s4 #eij2 #8,entle]ung d] ,re9igungsk/5 9 d] ,leu*tgasfabrik1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,nr4 #ac1 ,s4 #bhc2 ,jehle1 #8,hygi5e d] ,gas>beit]1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,nr4 #ad1 ,s4 #bde4 ,,coal ,,t> ,,col\rs 7,,anil9e ,,factories7 ,gr&homme1 ,die ,fabrik5 d] ,a4-,g4 ,f>bw]ke vorm4 ,mei/]1 ,lucius ,brn+ zu ,h*/ a4 ,m41 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 #ahif2 ,leymann1 #8,ueb] die ,erkrankungsv]hltnisse 9 e9] ,anil9fabrik1' ,concordia #aiaj1 ,heft #ag1 ,s4 #cee ff42 ,leymann1 ,die ,v]unre9igung d] ,luft dur* gew]bli*e ,betriebe 7,fis*]1 ,j5a1 #aijc72 #8,sau]/(f9halation5 9 ,anil9fabrik51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #bb1 ,s4 #fag1 und #aijh1 ,s4 #cbg4 ,,lead 7,,g5]al7 ,legge ,goadby1 #8,lead ,poison+ & ,lead ,absorption1' #aiab2 ,bleiv]g4 9 gew]bl4 u4 htt5mnn4 ,betrieb5 ,oe/]rei*s1 h]ausgeg4 vom4 k4 k4 ,arbeits/ati/4 ,amte1 ,i-,,vi1 ,v]lag ,hld]1 #aije-aiji2 ,leymann1 ,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 d] ,ind41 ,v]lag ,fis*]1 ,j5a1 #aijh2 ,w*t]1 ,die gew]bl4 ,bleiv]g4 im ,deuts*5 ,rei*e1 ,v]lag ,braun1 ,k>lsruhe #aijh2 ,blum1 #8,unt]su*1 b] ,bleiv]g41 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 #aijj1' ,wi5] kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijd1 ,s4 #aice2 ,ramb\sek1 ,ueb] die ,v]htung d] ,bleigefahr1 ,wi51 ,h>tleb51 #aijh2 ,teleky1 #8,die gew]bl4 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,oe/]r41' ,sozialte*nik #aiji1 ,s4 #ccc1 ,wi5] kl94 ,wo*5s*r4 #aijg1 ,s4 #aejj4 ,,lead ,,smelt+ ,bleiv]g4 9 gew]bl4 u4 htt5mnn4 ,betrieb5 ,oe/]r41 ,i und ,,iii1 ,v]lag ,hld]1 ,wi52 ,mll]1 ,die ,bekmpfung d] ,bleigefahr 9 ,bleihtt51 ,v]lag ,fis*]1 ,j5a1 #aijh2 ,wutzdorff1 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,z9khtt51 ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais]l4 ,ges4-,amte1 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #dda2 ,elsss]1 #8,s*dl4 9 ,blei- und ,silb]htt51' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijc1 ,bd4 #be1 ,s4 #acf4 ,,pa9ts ,,& ,,col\r ,,factories b] ,hygi5e d] ,erzeugung und ,v]w5dung von ,bleif>b53 ,bleiv]g4 9 gew]bl4 u4 htt5m4 ,betrieb5 ,oe/]rei*s1 ,,iv41 ,v4 und ,,vi4 ,teil1 ,hld] ,wi52 ,/l]1 #8,bleiv]g4 bei ,mal]n'2 ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 #ahie1 ,s4 #ffa2 #8,bleiweissfabrik5 7,/aubabsaugung71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,nr4 #bb1 ,s4 #fja2 #8,kampf geg5 die ,bleif>b5 9 ,frankrei*1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,nr4 #bc1 ,s4 #edc2 #8,gefahr5 9 ,bleiweissfabrik51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #i1 ,s4 #bje2 #8,bleiweiss]satz 7,aus/ellung71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #aa1 ,s4 #bed2 ' ,bleif>b5v]bot1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,nr4 #aj1 ,s4 #bba2 #8,bleigefahr im ,gew]be d] ,an/rei*]1 ,mal] usw41' ,soz4 ,te*nik4 #aiji1 ,nr4 #ag1 ,s4 #ccc2 #8,bleiweissfrage1' ,sozialte*n4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #af1 ,s4 #caj4 ,,electric ,,accumulator ,,factories ,wutzdorff1 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,akkumul4-,fabr41 ,arb4 a4 d4 ,kais]l4 ,ges4-,amt #aijh1 ,bd4 #ae1 ,s4 #aed2 #8,hygi5e d] ,akkumulatorrume1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,heft #c1 ,s4 #gi1 und ,heft #ba1 ,s4 #did2 ,*yz]1 #8,hygi5e d] ,akkumulatorrume1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #bj1 ,s4 #dgf2 #8,bekmpfung von ,v]g4 9 ,akkumulatorrum51' ,concordia #aijh1 ,heft #ac1 ,s4 #bgc4 ,,lett]press ,,pr9t+ ,bleiv]g4 9 gew]bl4 u4 htt5m4 ,betrieb4 ,oe/]r41 k4 k4 ,arbeits/at4 ,amt1 ,,vii4 ,teil1 ,wi51 ,hld] #aiji2 ,panwitz1 ,bleiv]g4 9 ,bu*druck]ei51 ,v]ff4 d4 ,kais4 ,ges4-,amtes1 ,bd4 #ag1 ,s4 #ejc2 #8,bleiv]g4 9 d] ,bu*druck]ei 7,enquete71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,heft #f1 ,s4 #aeb ff42 #8,bleifreie ,druckf>b5 und ,bronz5 7,preisauss*riebung71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aiji1 ,heft #bc1 ,s4 #fcj ff42 #8,setzka/5 mit doppeltem ,bod51' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #aj1 ,s4 #bcg2 #8,ble9a*weis 9 d5 ,dmpf5 d] ,typ5giess]ei1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #bd1 ,s4 #fgg2 #8,s*riftsetz]ei 7,typ5bls]ei71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,nr4 #h1 ,s4 #agf2 #8,bleigefahr 9 ,druck]ei51' ,concordia #aijh1 ,heft #ah1 ,s4 #chd4 ,,filecutt+ #8,bleiv]g4 bei ,feil5hau]n 9 ,engl&1' ,zeits*r4 d4 ,z5tral/4 f4 ,arb4-,wohlf4-,e9r4 #aija1 ,s4 #bcb2 #8,blei]kr4 b4 ,feil5hau]n1' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb] #aije1 ,heft #c1 ,s4 #ej2 #8,hygi5e d4 ,feil5hau]ei 7,*yz]71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,n4 #ac1 ,s4 #cjc4 ,,z9c ,,smelt+ ,frey1 ,die ,z9kgew9nung im ob]s*les4 ,indu/riebezirk und ihre ,hygi5e1 ,b]l9 #aijg1 ,v]lag ,hirs*wald2 ,sigel1 #8,das ,giess]fieb] und se9e ,bekmpfung1' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 g]4 ,m$4 #aijf1 ,bd4 #cb1 ,s4 #agc2 #8,lehmann1 ,beitrge zur hyg4 ,b$eutung des ,z9ks1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #ahig1 ,bd4 #bh1 ,s4 #cjj2 #8,giess- od] ,z9kfieb]1' ,ar*4 f4 ,hyg4 #aiaj1 ,bd4 #gb1 ,s4 #cbh2 #8,hyg4 d] ,z9k]ei1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,nr4 #b1 ,s4 #ci2 #8,z9khtt51 hyg4 ,e9ri*t41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,nr4 #ah1 ,s4 #cba1 und #aiaj1 ,heft #aa1 ,s4 #bej2 #8,giess]fieb]1 ,bekmpfung1' ,soz4 ,te*n4 #aijg1 ,heft #c1 ,s4 #ea2 #8,giess]ei1 ,hyg41' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,heft #af1 ,s4 #cea1 ,heft #ba1 ,s4 #dgi1 und #aijd1 ,heft #ac1 ,s4 #cdd1 #8,s*utz geg5 ,sur$mpfe bei d] ,metallbe>beitung1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijd1 ,heft #a1 ,s4 #e u4 #aa1 f]n] ,heft #ad1 ,s4 #cag1 u4 #aije1 ,heft #aj1 ,s4 #bhg1 ,heft #bb1 ,s4 #fdc4 ,,m]cury ,quecksilb]htt5 9 ,idria3 ,laureck 9 ,weyls ,h&b4 d4 ,arb4-,krankh4 #aiji1 ,s4 #fb2 #8,quecksilb]htt5 9 ,amiata'3 ,giglioli1 ,ramazz9i #aiji1 ,bd4 #c1 ,s4 #bcj4 ,quecksilb]beleg]ei1 ,hyg3 ,s*nlanck1 ,fr!r ,spiegelbeleg5 7,monogr47 #ahhh2 ,wolln]1 #8,fr!r ,spiegelbeleg51' ,vi]teljahrss*r4 f4 ff5tl4 ,ges4-,pfl4 ,,xxix #c1 ,s4 #dba1 und ,mn*54 m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahib1 ,bd4 #ci1 ,s4 #ecc2 ,*>p5ti]1 #8,fr!r ,spiegelbeleg51' ,ann4 d',hyg4 publ4 #ahhe1 ,s4 #cbc4 ,quecksilb] 9 ,hutfabrik51 ,quecksilb]beize3 ,/ickl]1 ,revue d',hygine #ahhf1 ,s4 #fcb2 ,h5ke 7,monogr471 ,frankfurt a4 ,m4 #ahii2 ,has5fellbeize 7,ersatz71 ,jahresb]4 d4 ,fabr4-,insp4 #ahhd1 ,s4 #dhi1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 ,s4 #cfj1 #aiji1 ,s4 #bha1 ,soz4 ,te*n4 #aiaj1 ,s4 #ci2 ,hutfabrik5 9 ,itali5 7,hyg471 ,ramazz9i #aiji1 ,s4 #bcj4 ,son/ige ,gew]be3 ,glhlamp59d4 7,hyg473 ,dona?1 ,wi5] m$4 ,wo*5s*r4 #ahid1 ,s4 #hhh1 ,a4 ,mitt4 a4 d4 ,b]4 d4 ,gew4-,insp4 #ahii1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijb1 ,heft #bj1 ,s4 #cef1 und #aijh1 ,heft #bj1 ,s4 #dfi1 ,!rmomet]]zeug4 7,hyg471 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aija1 ,s4 #cb4 ,,ars5ic #8,ars5ikbe/immung im ,htt5rau*' 7,h>k9s ,swe971 ,j\rn4 ,am]4 ,*em4 ,soz4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #bi1 ,s4 #igj2 ,*em4 ,ztg41 ,rep4 #aijg1 ,s4 #ddg2 #8,ars5ikv]g4 9 d] ,ind4' 7,heim1 ,h]b]t71 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijg1 ,bd4 #ad1 ,s4 #ced2 #8,ars5v]g4 9 d] ,dela9age1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijf1 ,nr4 #c1 ,s4 #ga2 #8,gew]bl4 ,ars5v]g4' 7,legge71 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,heft #ba1 ,s4 #dgf2 #8,ars5wass]/(fv]g4 im ,gew]be 7,prophyl471' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #aj1 ,s4 #bbi2 #8,ars5wass]/(f im ,ballongas 7,beseitigung71' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijh1 ,nr4 #aa1 ,s4 #bfc2 #8,ars5wass]/(f beim ,ausle]5 von ,s*wefelsuretanks 7,v]htung71' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb] #aijf1 ,heft #f1 ,s4 #aji2 #8,ars5frei] ,wass]/(f zum ,lt51' ,gew]bl4 te*n4 ,ratgeb] #aijf1 ,heft #aj1 ,s4 #agc2 und ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aije1 ,heft #i1 ,s4 #beb2 #8,befreiung d] ,salzsure vom ,ars5gehalt1' ,zeits*r4 f4 ,gew4-,hyg4 #aijc1 ,heft #ba1 ,s4 #dgg4 ,,index ,heavy type 7,transcrib]'s ,note3 l ?is7 ref]s to ! ma9 treatm5t ( ! subject & ! ,roman figures 9 brackets foll[+ to ! ,"p ( ! book3 7i7 ,occurr5ce ( ,poison+2 7ii7 ,pa?ology2 7iii7 ,prev5tive ,measures4 ,absorption t[]s1 #bef1 #beh1 #bhi ,accumulator manufacture1 #ace 7i71 #ade1 #bie1 #cje-i 7iii7 ,acetic acid1 #i1 #df1 #ccc ,acetyl5e1 #eb1 #he-hg 7i71 #bgh 7iii71 #bgi ,acrole9 vap\r1 #cbf ,a]ograph1 #ach ,akremn9 soap1 #bid ,alcohol1 #ii1 #ajj1 #baj1 #baf1 #ccc ,alcoholism1 #bda ,aliphatic s]ies4 ,see ,hydroc>bons ,aliz>91 #aaa1 #aac col\rs1 #c1 #aj1 #eg1 #if1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aad ,alkal9e bromides1 #cf hydroxides1 #agf ,alkaloids1 #baf ,alt]nation ( employm5t1 #bbg 7iii71 #bic1 #bii ,amalgam4 ,see ,m]cury amalgam ,amido comp\nds1 #aaj1 #aab1 #bja1 #baa1 #bab 7ii71 #bhg ,am9es1 #cc1 #ajg1 #aaa ,ammonia1 #dd1 #fh1 #ga1 #gb1 #gf-gi1 #hb1 #ij-ic 7i71 #id1 #age 7ii71 #bgi 7iii71 #bhj ,ammonia soda process1 #ad1 #bj 7i71 #ib1 #beh ,ammonium c>bonate1 #dd1 #ia1 #ib comp\nds1 #fg1 #ij 7i71 #ib1 #agd 7ii71 #bgi 7iii7 nitrate1 #dd1 #aae oxalate1 #aae phosphate1 #ej1 #ib sup]phosphate1 #ee ,amyl alcohol1 #de1 #baj nitrite1 #de1 #df1 #bab ,anil9e1 #c1 #eg1 #fi1 #gj1 #if1 #aje1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aad1 #aaf-aai 7i71 #ade1 #aef1 #bab-bad 7ii71 #bhf-bhh 7iii7 ,anil9e black1 #aag1 #aef col\rs1 #c1 #d1 #eg1 #aab1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah1 #aef1 #bad1 #bhe-bhh 7iii7 oil1 #aag1 #bad poison+1 #c1 #fi1 #aac1 #aaf-aai 7i71 #bab-bad 7ii71 #bef-bhh 7iii7 ,animal products1 #aed ,an?rac5e1 #c1 #fj1 #if-ig1 #aja1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aac1 #bhe ,an?raqu9one1 #ee1 #aaa ,antimony1 #abb1 #abd1 #adf 7i7 *loride & oxide1 #cg ,antipyr91 #c1 #d1 #cf1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #aad ,argyria1 #de1 #aeb1 #ahh1 #cbi4 ,see also ,silv] ,aromatic s]ies4 ,see ,hydroc>bons ,ars5ic1 #ab1 #fe1 #aai1 #abb1 #adc-adf 7i71 #aed1 #ahi1 #aei 7ii71 #beg1 #cbc1 #cbh-cbi 7iii7 ,ars5iurett$ hydrog5 gas1 #ab-ad1 #cb1 #aac1 #aad1 #ade-adf 7i71 #adh1 #adi1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aig 7ii71 #beg1 #bgi1 #bhf1 #caf1 #cbh-cbi 7iii7 ,artificial manure1 #ch1 #ec 7i71 #ed1 #ee1 #ib1 #agf 7ii71 #bfa-bfe 7iii7 ,artificial respiration1 #afd1 #bhd 7iii7 ,asphalt1 #ih 7i71 #bhe ,aspir91 #ajb ,azo-col\rs1 #if1 #aaj1 #bad ,balloon fill+1 #ade1 #cbi ,b>ium *loride1 #af1 #ff nitrate1 #dd ,b>omet]s1 manufacture (1 #ada1 #adb1 #cbh ,b>yta1 #ff1 #fg1 #ace ,basic slag1 #di1 #ec1 #ed 7i71 #adh1 #bfa-bfd 7iii7 ,basophil granules1 #agh ,ba?s1 #bcg1 #bib ,be] brew+1 #fe1 #aed1 #ccc ,b5zal*loride1 #ce1 #aaj1 #bhg ,b5zaldehyde1 #ce1 #aji ,b5z5e 7,b5z5e poison+71 #c1 #d1 #fi1 #gg-gi1 #he1 #if1 #ii-ajj 7i71 #aja1 #ajb-ajf1 #aab-aad1 #bjd-bjh 7ii71 #bhe-bhf 7iii71 #bhh1 #ccj ,b5zid9e1 #aah ,b5z9e1 #cd1 #ec1 #ed1 #ei 7i71 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #fh1 #fi1 #he1 #if1 #aef1 #bjc1 #bjd 7ii71 #bfg 7iii71 #bfh1 #ccj ,b5zol4 ,see ,b5z5e ,b5zo-tri*loride1 #ce1 #aji1 #bhg ,b5zoyl *loride1 #ce1 #bji ,b5zyl *loride1 #ce ,bessem] process1 #adh ,be? filt]1 #bed ,bi*romate1 #ej1 #ed1 #ee4 ,see ,*romates ,bladd]1 canc] (1 #aad1 #aag1 #bad ,bla/ furnace1 #adf 7i71 #bhi 7iii7 gas1 #fe1 #hb1 #hh1 #hi 7i71 #adf1 #bhi-bij 7iii7 ,bla/+ gelat9e1 #dg ,blea*+1 #aef1 #ccg p[d]1 #bf 7i71 #bei 7iii7 ,blood poisons1 #aeh1 #afd1 #aii-bja1 #baa-bad ,bone extraction1 #fh1 #fi1 #bfg ,boracic acid1 #ach ,bottle capsules1 #cbc ,brass 7brass-ca/]s' ague71 #aeb 7i71 #ahb 7ii71 #ahh1 #cbe 7iii7 ,brea?+ app>atus1 #bca-bcg 7iii71 #bfg1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bij1 #caj ,briquettes1 #if1 #aja ,brom9e1 #bi 7i71 #cf1 #eb1 #agc 7ii7 ,bronze1 #de1 #aci1 #caf ,brunswick gre51 #add ,butyl alcohol1 #baj ,butyric acid1 #ge ,calam9e1 #abe ,calcium c>bide1 #eb1 #he 7i71 #hg1 #ij1 #bgh sulphide 7soda wa/e71 #ah ,calomel1 #adc ,camphor1 #di ,canc]1 #fd1 #ajb1 #aad1 #aah1 #bjc1 #bad ,c>bon bisulphide1 poison+ by1 #cj1 #ca1 #cd1 #ej1 #fe1 #fh 7i71 #fh-ga1 #gd1 #hj1 #ic1 #if1 #ajd1 #aef1 #aib1 #aic-aie 7ii71 #bga-bge 7iii7 oxy*loride1 #cb 7i71 #cc1 #bid 7iii7 tetra*loride1 #cd 7i71 #fi1 #bjh1 #bfh1 #bge ,c>bonic acid gas 7c>bon dioxide71 #ag1 #ej1 #ec1 #ed1 #fh1 #gd1 #hb1 #aca1 #adi1 #aec1 #bja-bjb 7ii71 #ccj1 #ccb oxide1 #ag1 #ba1 #ca1 #cb1 #ej1 #gd-gf1 #hj1 #hb1 #hg-ij 7i71 #ajb1 #ajg1 #aai1 #adh1 #adi1 #aec1 #aed1 #aef1 #ahh1 #aii-bjj 7ii71 #bhh1 #bhi1 #cbc1 #ccj1 #ccb ,c>bonis+1 #aef1 #ccf ,c>borundum4 ,see ,silicon c>bide ,c>burett$ gas1 #fa1 #hc1 #hg ,cau/ic alkali1 #be pota%1 #c1 #be1 #cd1 #agf soda1 #ah1 #ai1 #be1 #cf1 #aeg1 #agf ,celluloid1 #dh1 #di ,cellulose1 #aef1 #ccf ,*amb] acid1 #e1 #h1 #ec1 #beh ,*ance-,claus process1 #ai ,*emical clean+4 ,see ,b5z9e indu/ry1 #a 7i71 #acd1 #ade1 #bef 7iii7 ,*ili saltpetre1 #ce1 #ci1 #da1 #de1 #ed ,*loral1 #cd ,*lorates1 #bc 7i71 #be1 #bf1 #bi1 #cj1 #eb ,*loride ( lime4 ,see ,blea*+ p[d] sulphur1 #ca1 #cb1 #fh1 #gj1 #agd1 #bgb-bgd ,*lorides1 #cj 7i71 #agd 7ii7 ,*lor9e1 #bc 7i71 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #cj-cb1 #cd1 #ce1 #ci1 #dd1 #eb1 #eh1 #aef1 #agc 7ii71 #bji1 #bei 7iii71 #bhe ra%1 #bh1 #ce1 #agc1 #agd1 #bji1 #bei ,*lor9e comp\nds1 organic1 #bg1 #fi1 #bji1 #bhe ,*lor(orm1 #bf1 #cc1 #cd1 #bjh ,*rome col\rs1 #ee1 #ef1 #bfe poison+1 #eb1 #ef 7i71 #eg1 #eh1 #aad1 #aec1 #ahe 7ii71 #bfe 7iii7 tann+1 #ee 7i71 #eg1 #eh1 #bff 7iii7 yell[1 #dd1 #ee1 #eg ,*romium 7*romates71 #c1 #eb1 #ee 7i7-#eh1 #aad1 #acd1 #aec1 #ahe 7ii71 #bfe 7iii71 #bga ,coal t>4 ,see ,t> ,cobalt1 #add ,coke ov5s1 #gg 7i71 #gh1 #gi1 #ib1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #bgf 7iii7 ,compositors4 ,see ,pr9t+ ,cond5sation1 #bee 7iii71 #cbc1 #cbg ( m]cury1 #ada z9c1 #abe ,copp]1 #aea 7i71 #ahh 7ii7 ,cresols1 #if1 #aja1 #aji ,cum5e1 #bjg ,cyanog51 #gg1 #ic 7i71 #aeb1 #aie 7ii71 #bfa1 #bgi1 #bhj 7iii7 comp\nds1 #ga1 #gi1 #ib1 #ic 7i71 #id1 #ie1 #ajc1 #aeb1 #aed1 #aie 7ii71 #aif1 #bfb1 #bgi1 #bhj 7iii71 #bhi ,deacon process1 #bc1 #bh ,d5itration1 #f1 #dc1 #dg1 #dh1 #bhg ,desilv]is+1 #abd1 #abf1 #abh ,diaphragm me?od 7*lor9e71 #bd ,diazo-comp\nds1 #aaj1 #bhf ,die?yl sulphate1 #bc ,dige/ive tract1 diseases (1 #gf1 #abi1 #acj1 #acc1 #agi1 #ahb1 #ahf ,dime?yl anil9e1 #aji ,d9itrob5z5e1 #ce1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bab ,d9itro*lorob5z5e1 #aae1 #bji1 #bab ,d9itroph5ol1 #aae1 #bab1 #bac ,d9itrotoluol1 #ajh1 #bab ,di/illation1 #bec1 #bee ( alcohol1 #ccc petroleum4 ,see ,petroleum di/illation t>4 ,see ,t> di/illation ,d[son gas1 #hb1 #hc1 #hg1 #bgf ,drg]'s oxyg5 app>atus1 #afe-afg ,dry clean+4 ,see ,b5z9e ,du/ removal1 #bdc-bef 7iii74 ,see also ,v5tilation ,dye /uffs1 #ajg-aai 7i71 #bad 7ii71 #bhe-bhh 7iii71 #ccg ,dye+ & col\r+1 #dd1 #de1 #ee1 #eg1 #ib1 #acd1 #add1 #aef1 #bfe1 #caj-caf1 #ccg ,dynamite1 #dc1 #dg ,e>!nw>e4 ,see ,pott]y ,eczema1 #fd1 #ahf ,electric furnace1 #he ,electroplat+1 #aif1 #cbg1 #cbi ,enamel1 #ace1 #cbb ,encephalopa?y1 #aha ,et*+ on glass & metal1 #cg1 #dj1 #de1 #eg ,e!r1 #fh1 #fi ,e?yl alcohol1 #cd1 #baj *loride1 #cd ,explosives1 #de 7i71 #di1 #aae1 #bfj 7iii7 ,extraction1 #ed1 #fa1 #fh 7i71 #fh-fi1 #ga1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #aag1 #ahf1 #bec 7iii71 #bfg1 #bgb-bgd ,eye affections1 #ba1 #bc1 #ch1 #ee1 #eg1 #fe1 #fh1 #gj1 #ge1 #ic1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aai1 #aga1 #agd1 #age1 #baj ,fans1 #bdd-bdg 7iii74 ,see also ,v5tilation ,fat extraction1 #cd1 #fa1 #fh1 #gj1 #ga1 #bgb-bgd ,f]m5tation1 #aed1 #ccc ,f]rosilicon1 #ec1 #he1 #adf1 #adi-aea 7i71 #aii1 #bia 7iii7 ,file cutt+1 #adj 7i71 #bid1 #cbb-cbc 7iii7 ,fluor9e4 ,see ,hydr(luoric acid ,fluor9e comp\nds1 #cg1 #ed1 #aec1 #aga1 #bfe ,flux1 #ace1 #adi ,frit1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #cbj ,fu*s91 #aaa1 #aac1 #aai1 #add1 #bhg ,fulm9ate ( m]cury1 #df 7i71 #adc1 #bfa ,galvanis+1 #id1 #ie1 #aeb1 #cbf1 #cbi ,gas eng9es1 #hb1 #hh1 #hi1 #ajj1 #bgf-bgh 7iii7 light+1 #ga-hi 7i71 #ib1 #ic1 #age1 #bge 7iii7 lime1 #fe1 #id1 #aec1 #bge purify+ mat]ial1 #e1 #fe1 #fh1 #gd1 #ge1 #ic 7i71 #bge 7iii71 #bgf ,gay-,lussac t[]1 #e1 #f1 #aj1 #aa1 #bef1 #beg1 #bhg ,g5]ator gas4 ,see ,produc] gas ,glass et*+1 #cg1 #ch1 #aec1 #ccj indu/ry1 #ai1 #cg1 #ci1 #ee1 #eh1 #hb1 #hh1 #ach1 #adc1 #aec 7i71 #cbb pe>l silv]+1 #aeb ,glaz+1 #ace-ach 7i71 #cai-cbb 7iii7 ,glov] acid1 #f1 #h t[]1 #e1 #f1 #beg1 #bhg ,gold1 #dd1 #id1 #abe1 #aeb ,gun-cotton1 #dg-di ,guttap]*a1 #fi ,hmolysis1 #aeh ,halog5s1 #ca 7i71 #agc-agd 7ii7 ,h>greaves process1 #ai1 #bh ,hatt]s' furri]s' processes1 #de1 #ada1 #adb1 #aed1 #cbg ,hausmannite1 #eh ,heal? regi/]1 #bbg1 #bfd1 #bgd1 #bih1 #cjd1 #cjg ,hides & sk9s1 prep>ation (1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #ahd1 #cbg ,hops1 sulphur+ (1 #aed1 #ccc ,h\se pa9t+1 #aba1 #abb1 #acb-acc 7i71 #bid1 #cad-caf 7iii7 ,hydroc>bons1 #if1 #ajf1 #aeh1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #ccj1 #cca 7aliphatic71 #if1 #bjb 7aromatic71 #if1 #ajh1 #aji1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #ccj ,hydro*loric acid1 #ad 7i71 #ae1 #bj1 #ba1 #bc1 #cj-ce1 #ci1 #dd1 #ej1 #ed1 #ei1 #aac1 #ade1 #aca1 #agj 7ii71 #beg-beh 7iii71 #bhf1 #cbf ,hydr(luoric acid1 #bi 7i71 #cg1 #ch1 #ej1 #ed1 #if1 #aec1 #aga 7ii71 #bfe 7iii7 ,hypo*lorite1 #be1 #cj ,inc&esc5t lamps1 #ada1 #cbg ,indi>ubb]1 #ca1 #fa1 #fc1 #fh-ga 7i71 #ajj1 #ajc1 #acd1 #aid1 #bfg1 #bga-bgd 7iii7 ,indigo1 #cd1 #ib1 #aaa ,injectors1 #bde ,insurance1 ,workm5's1 #bbd ,int]national ,lab\r ,bureau1 #bai ,iod9e1 #cj 7i71 #cf1 #agc 7ii7 comp\nds & poison+1 #cf ,iron1 #dd1 #abd1 #add1 #adf-adi 7i71 #bhi-bia 7iii7 ,kidney disease1 #eg1 #acj1 #aha1 #ahe1 #bae ,lampblack1 #ig ,lead1 #h1 #ac1 #bi1 #dd1 #ee1 #fh1 #fi1 #abj-adj 7i71 #add1 #adi1 #aeb1 #aef1 #agg-ahb 7ii71 #cbi acetate1 #ee1 #aca1 #acd burn+1 #adj1 #cbc c>bonate4 ,see ,:ite lead *loride1 #ee1 #aha *romate1 #ee1 #eg1 #acb1 #acd1 #ach1 #caj colic1 #agi4 ,see ,lead poison+ col\rs1 #aca-acd 7i71 #bic1 #bid1 #bie1 #caj-caf 7iii7 nitrate1 #ej1 #ee oxide1 #dd1 #de1 #abb1 #aca1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #aha pip+1 #adj1 #cbc poison+1 #c1 #ac1 #dd1 #fi1 #ic1 #aad1 #abj-abb 7i71 #adf1 #adi-aeb1 #agg-ahb 7ii71 #bib-cbc 7iii7 silicate1 #ace smelt+1 #abb-aca 7i71 #bii-cje 7iii7 sulphate1 #ee1 #abb1 #aha sulphide1 #abb1 #aca1 #acf1 #bic 7iii7 ,leblanc soda process1 #ad 7i71 #ah1 #ai ,light oils1 #ih ,ligro9e1 #fa ,lime kilns1 #ee1 #aec1 #ccj ,li?>ge1 #abd1 #abf1 #abi1 #aca1 #acb1 #acd1 #ace1 #ach1 #cjj-cje ,li?opone4 ,see ,z9c :ite ,lungs1 diseases (1 #i1 #dj1 #ed1 #fh1 #ge1 #gf1 #ajf1 #aah1 #afi-agg1 #ahi1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bac-baf ,mahogany1 #aef ,malt dry+1 #ccc ,manganese 7manganese poison+71 #bc1 #bi1 #eh 7i71 #ei1 #aec1 #agi-ahj 7ii7 ,meal rooms1 #bcf ,m]captan1 #bb1 #if ,m]cury & m]cury poison+1 #dj1 #dd1 #ada 7i71 #aeb1 #aed1 #ahd 7ii71 #cbf-cbg 7iii71 #cbi amalgam1 #ada1 #adb1 #cbg ,metals1 recov]y (1 #abj 7i71 #agf 7ii7 #bhh 7iii7 ,metaph5yl5e diam9e1 #aah ,me?yl alcohol1 #cc1 #cd1 #cf1 #cg1 #ajg1 #aef1 #bji1 #baj 7ii71 #ccf bromide & iodide1 #cf1 #bji *loride1 #cc1 #bji violet1 #aab1 #aai ,me?ylam9e1 #if ,me?yl5e *loride1 #cd1 #bjh ,m9]al acids1 #afi-agb 7ii7 ,m9]al oil1 #ei 7i71 #fj-fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #he ,mirbane1 oil (4 ,see ,nitrob5z5e ,mond gas1 #hb1 #hg ,mordants1 #cb1 #ee1 #ccg ,muffle furnace1 #ae1 #bj1 #bb1 #abe1 #acg1 #ach1 #adc1 #beh1 #cbe ,naph?a4 ,see ,petroleum vap\r1 #db1 #fc1 #bfg wells1 #fa1 #fb1 #bfg ,naph?al5e1 #gd1 #if1 #ajj1 #aja1 #aac1 #bjh 7ii7 ,naph?ol1 #i1 #if1 #aja1 #aji1 #aaj yell[1 #aaj ,naph?ylam9e1 #ajc1 #aaj1 #aah1 #bhg ,n>cotic poisons1 #bjh1 #bji ,nephritis4 ,see ,kidney disease ,n]ve poisons1 #aeh1 #aib1 #bje ,n]v\s diseases1 #gj1 #ajg1 #afc1 #aha1 #ahd1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aic1 #aid1 #aif1 #aig1 #aii1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bae ,nickel1 #add1 #ahf 7ii7 c>bonyl1 #ahf-ahh 7ii7 eczema1 #ahf ,nicot9e1 #baf ,nitrat+1 #da-dc1 #dg1 #di1 #ajh 7i71 #bfa 7iii71 #bhf ,nitric acid1 #b1 #f1 #i1 #aj1 #ci 7i71 #dc-di1 #ajg1 #aaf1 #ahb1 #agb 7ii71 #bfj 7iii71 #bfa1 #bhe-bhg1 #cbf ,nitrob5z5e1 #c1 #i1 #ce1 #dj1 #da1 #de1 #ajh-aae 7i71 #bab 7ii71 #bhe-bhh 7iii7 ,nitro-cellulose1 #dj1 #db1 #dg1 #dh1 #ccf ,nitro*lorob5z5e1 #aaf1 #bji ,nitro-comp\nds1 #dj1 #ajh 7i71 #aji-aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #baa-bad 7ii71 #bhf-bhh 7iii7 ,nitro-glyc]91 #i1 #dj1 #da1 #dc1 #df 7i71 #dg1 #dh1 #bab 7ii71 #bfa 7iii7 ,nitronaph?al91 #aae1 #aaf1 #bad ,nitroph5ol1 #c1 #df1 #aae1 #bab1 #bhh ,nitr\s fumes1 #aj1 #ab1 #dj-dd 7i71 #dh1 #aaf1 #aga1 #bfa 7iii71 #bhf1 #cbf ,notification ( poison+1 #bbj-bbe 7iii7 ,oil1 extraction1 #fa1 #fh1 #fi1 #bfg ,organ pipe mak+1 #adj ,oxalic acid1 #ee1 #bei ,oxyg5 inhalation1 #dc1 #fc1 #fd1 #afd-afh 7ii71 #ahh1 #aib1 #aif1 #bjj-bjb1 #bjd1 #bjh1 #bbg1 #bca-bcg 7iii7 ,pa9t+4 ,see ,h\se pa9t+ ,pa9ts 7quick-dry+71 #ccj-ccb ,pap]1 manufacture (1 #ccf ,p>aff91 #ej1 #ei1 #fj1 #if1 #ih1 #aja1 #ajg1 #bjc eczema1 #bg1 #fd1 #fe1 #ajb1 #bjc ,p>anitranil9e1 #aad1 #aah1 #bad ,p>aph5yl5e diam9e1 #aah1 #bad ,p>kes' process1 #abe1 #abg ,patt9son process1 #abe1 #abg ,petrol e!r1 #fj1 #cca ,petroleum 7petroleum poison+71 #ei-fe 7i71 #bjb-bjd 7ii71 #bfg 7iii7 ,ph5an?r5e1 #if ,ph5ol1 #ge1 #ij1 #if-ajj1 #ajh1 #aji ,ph5ylhydraz9e1 #cf ,phosg5e4 ,see ,c>bon oxy*loride ,phosphor bronze1 #eb ,phosphorett$ hydrog5 gas1 #ej1 #eb 7i71 #hf1 #ij1 #adi1 #aia-aib 7i7 ,phosphorus1 #ca1 #cf1 #di 7i71 #ej1 #eb1 #adh1 #adi1 #aij-aia 7ii71 #bfh-bga 7iii7 necrosis1 #ea 7i7 #eb1 #aij-aia 7ii71 #bfh-bga 7iii7 prohibition (1 #ea1 #bbj1 #bfh-bga 7iii7 ,photography1 #cf1 #de1 #eh1 #id1 #aeb ,picric acid1 #dj1 #if1 #ajj1 #ajh1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bac 7ii7 ,pit*1 #if1 #ig1 #ajg1 #bha1 #bhb ,plate t[]s1 #g1 #af1 #ci ,poisons1 classification (1 #aeg-afc1 #afi 7ii7 ,porcela91 #ach 7i71 #cbb ,potassium bi*romate4 ,see ,*romium *lorate1 #bf1 #bi1 #cg1 #ej1 #eb ,pott]y1 #ace-ach 7i71 #aec1 #bid1 #cai-cba ,p[] gas1 #hj-ij 7i71 #bgg 7iii7 ,pr9t+1 #ach-aci 7i71 #adf1 #cag-cai 7iii7 ,produc] gas1 #hj-hb1 #hg-hi1 #aec1 #bgf-bgh ,propyl alcohol1 #bdh1 #bdi ,prussic acid4 ,see ,hydrocyanic acid ,pulmotor1 #afg1 #afh ,pyrid9e1 #ei1 #ij1 #if1 #aja1 #aeb1 #baf 7ii71 #bhe ,pyrites burn]1 #e1 #f1 #fe1 #bef ,pyroxyl9e1 #dh1 #bfa ,quick-dry+ pa9ts1 #ccj-ccb ,quicklime1 #ed1 #gc ,qu9ol9e bases1 #aaj ,realg>4 ,see ,ars5ic ,refrig]ation1 #ib1 #ic1 #aed ,reg5]ator fir+1 #ha1 #adh1 #aec ,rescue appliances1 #afd-afh 7ii71 #bcj-bce 7iii7 ,respirators1 #bbi 7iii7 ,roa/+ 7calc9+ furnaces1 c471 #e1 #aa1 #fe1 #aai1 #abj1 #abe-abg1 #abi1 #acj1 #aca1 #ada1 #adc1 #bec1 #bhh-bhi 7iii71 #bii1 #cbc1 #cbg ,roburite1 #aae1 #aaf ,ro(+ felt1 #if1 #aja1 #bha ,rubb]4 ,see ,indi>ubb] ,salt1 #cb1 #cc ,saltcake4 ,see ,sodium sulphide ,saltpetre1 #ce1 #db1 #ej1 #beg ,sat9wood1 #aed1 #aee ,sew] gas1 #ff1 #fg1 #ic1 #ie ,%ot1 #aba1 #adj1 #adc ,silicon c>bide1 #he1 #adj1 #cbc ,silic(luoric acid1 #ch1 #ej1 #ed1 #aga ,silk1 artificial1 #di ,silv] 7argyria71 #de1 #ib1 #abj 7i71 #abb-abe1 #add1 #aeb nitrate1 #dj1 #de1 #adb1 #ahh1 #bbg smelt+1 #abb1 #aca 7i7 ,sk9 diseases1 #bg1 #ch1 #dg1 #eb1 #ee1 #ef1 #eh1 #fb1 #fd1 #fe1 #ga1 #if1 #ajb1 #ajg1 #aah1 #adc1 #add1 #aed-aef1 #aga1 #agc1 #ahe-ahi1 #bjc1 #bjh1 #bji1 #bfe ,smelt+ processes1 #hi1 #id1 #aai 7i71 #adc1 #add1 #ahb1 #bhh-bij 7iii71 #bii1 #cbc-cbe1 #cbf ,smokeless p[d]1 #di1 #baa ,soda1 #b1 #ad 7i71 #ag-bj1 #ee1 #fe1 #ib1 #ie1 #beh 7iii7 electrolytic1 #bj wa/e1 #ah1 #fe1 #beh ,sodium bi*romate4 ,see ,*romate sulphate & sulphide1 #ad 7i71 #ag1 #ai-bb1 #bb1 #aab1 #beh 7iii71 #bhf ,sold]+1 #ade1 #caf1 #cbi ,solvay me?od4 ,see ,ammonia soda ,solv5t naph?a1 #ii-ajb1 #ajf1 #bjg 7ii71 #ccj ,_s1 d5atur+ (1 #ii1 #ajj1 #baj1 #baf ,sub/itutes = poison\s mat]ials1 #bdc 7iii7 ,suction gas1 #hb 7i71 #hc1 #hg-hi1 #bgf-bgh 7iii7 ,sulpho-cyanide comp\nds1 #ge1 #ij1 #ic ,sulphonal1 #bb1 #bei 7iii7 ,sulphur1 #ca1 #eb1 #fe 7i71 #fe1 #fh1 #gd1 #ic1 #abb1 #bhh ,sulphur dioxide1 #e 7i71 #i1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #ca1 #ed1 #fc1 #fe1 #aai1 #abj1 #abb-abe1 #adh1 #aed1 #aga 7ii71 #beg 7iii71 #bei1 #bfg1 #bgi1 #bhh1 #cbc1 #cbf1 #cbg1 #ccc dyes1 #aab soap1 #bid ,sulphurett$ hydrog51 #h1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1 #ah1 #ba1 #ej1 #eb-ed1 #fe 7i71 #ff1 #fg1 #gd1 #gi1 #ij-ic1 #ie1 #if1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aab1 #aad1 #age1 #aib 7ii71 #aic1 #beh1 #bga1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bij ,sulphuric acid1 #e 7i71 #i1 #ad1 #ah-bj1 #bc1 #cc1 #cg-da1 #df1 #dg1 #di1 #ej1 #ec1 #ed1 #fj1 #fd1 #fe1 #fg1 #ib1 #ic1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aai1 #ade1 #aea1 #aed1 #aef1 #aga 7ii71 #bef-beg 7iii71 #bfa1 #bgi1 #bhf ars5ic free1 #i ,sup]phosphate indu/ry1 #ch1 #ec 7i71 #ed1 #ee1 #ib1 #agf 7ii71 #bfa-bfe 7iii7 ,sw$i% mat*es1 #ej1 #eb1 #ee1 #eh1 #bfe ,tann+1 #ee1 #ef1 #eh1 #ff1 #fg1 #id1 #adc1 #add1 #aec1 #bfe1 #cbi ,t>1 #ga1 #gg-hj1 #if-ajg 7i71 #aef1 #bge1 #bhj-bhe 7iii7 col\rs4 ,see ,anil9e col\rs d]ivatives1 #dj1 #df1 #if-ajg 7i71 #bjd-bjh 7ii71 #baj1 #bac-bae 7iii7 ,teak wood1 #aed ,textile indu/ry1 #acd1 #aef 7i71 #ccf 7iii7 ,!rmomet]s1 manufacture (1 #ada1 #cbh ,tiles1 #acg-ach 7i74 ,see also ,pott]y ,t91 #dd1 #ach ,tobacco indu/ry1 #aed 7i71 #cce 7iii7 ,tolu5e1 #cb1 #ce1 #if1 #ajh1 #aab1 #bjd1 #bjf 7ii71 #bhe ,toluid9e1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aah1 #bad1 #bhe1 #bhg ,treatm5t ( poison+1 #afc-abg 7ii7 ,turp5t9e1 #fi1 #ajd1 #bae 7ii71 #cca ,type ca/+1 #ach1 #aci ,ultram>9e1 #ai1 #bb1 #bei ,ursol1 #aah ,v>ni%1 #eh1 #fa1 #aja1 #bae1 #ccj-ccb1 #ccg ,vasel9e1 #fj ,vegetable food /uffs1 prep>ation (1 #aed 7i71 #ccb-ccf 7iii7 ,v5tilation1 #bdc-bee 7iii7 artificial1 #bdd-bdg localis$1 #bdh-bej natural1 #bdc ,v]milion1 #eg ,vulcanis+1 #ca1 #fh 7i71 #fh-gj1 #bgb-bgd 7iii7 ,wa%+ accommodation1 #bcg 7iii7 ,wa/e sulphuric acid1 #dc1 #ec wat]1 #ff ,wat] gas1 #hb1 #hd1 #hg1 #hh gild+1 #ada1 #adb1 #cbg ,weldon process1 #bc1 #bi1 #eh1 #ei ,:ite lead1 #ee1 #aca-acd 7i71 #caj-cac 7iii7 ,wood 7poison\s71 #aed-aef 7i71 #baf 7ii71 #cce 7iii7 ,workm5's ba?s1 #bcg1 #bib clo?+1 #bbi insurance1 #bai welf>e1 #bcg-bdb ,xyl5e1 #cb1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajg1 #bjd1 #bjf ,z9c1 #abj 7i71 #aba1 #abb-aca 7i71 #aci1 #add1 #aea1 #ahb-ahc 7ii71 #bid1 #bii-cje1 #cbc-cbe 7iii7 a%es1 #abe oxide1 #cb1 #ch1 #abe1 #ade1 #ahb poison+1 #ahb-ahc 7i71 #cbe 7iii7 smelt+1 #abb-abe1 #abe-aca 7i71 #cbc-cbe 7iii7 :ite1 #fh1 #bic ,,! ,,end ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,& ,,co4 ,,ltd41 ,,col*e/] ,,london ,,& ,,eton