,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,bold 7black face7 text is denoted by equal signs4 ,underlined text is denoted by double plus signs4 ,a missing word is denoted by the caret 4 ,there is only one footnote in the book1 referenced eight times from the list of ,carrier ,stations on page #aic1 and it has been placed at the end of that list4 ,fractions are shown in the format a-b_/c1 for example #g-b_/be or #a_/d2 the original book used the format a b-c4 ,some other minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book4 ,illustration3 ,,postmaster ,,edward ,m4 ,,morgan ,the ,postal ,service 7,fifth ,edition7 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,o',,reilly ,,editor ,illustration3 ,the ,chief ,,the ,,government ,,weekly ,,the ,,chief ,,publishing ,,company #e ,,beekman ,,street ,,new ,,york ,,city ,copyrighted #aiab ,by ,,the ,,chief ,,publishing ,,company ,illustration3 7decorative icon7 ,,foreword ,no other branch of the ,federal ,government furnishes employment to so many men as the postal service1 particularly that branch of it in which letter carriers and clerks are used4 ,in every city vacancies occur frequently1 by reason of death1 resignation or transfer1 and the prospects of employment are always good for intelligent young men of studious habits4 ,to secure an appointment in the postal service1 as in other fields of labor1 one must prove his fitness for the job desired4 ,uncle ,sam requires that this shall be done in an open competitive examination1 and usually there are hundreds1 in the large cities thousands1 competing in the same examinations4 ,taking ,new ,york ,city as an example1 the annual appointments to each position average between #bjj to #cjj1 while the eligible lists usually contain #a1jjj to #a1ejj each4 ,from this it will be seen that only a small percentage stand any show of appointment4 ,those that do succeed are the men who took pains to prepare themselves for the test by a careful study of the subjects required4 ,the purpose of this book is to help the candidate to 8brush up10 to direct him in self-improvement1 and point the way by which any person of ordinary intelligence1 willing to devote his leisure moments to study1 can pass a good examination and get within striking distance on the eligible list4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,cradle ,,days ,,of ,,the ,,postal ,,service4 ,no ,branch of the federal government more strikingly illustrates the wonderful growth and extension of ,uncle ,sam's business than the ,postal ,service4 ,its history is the history of the commercial and industrial development of the nation1 for it has kept abreast1 so far as supplying the means of quick and reliable communication is concerned1 of the onward march of progress4 ,it ought to be the desire and the aim of every man and woman who purposes to take up the postal service as a life career1 to know something of its history1 its gradual evolution4 ,only in this way can they form a just estimate of its relative value in the scheme of government1 and without such knowledge they will be merely perfunctory human machines1 void of that close personal attachment so necessary to success in any undertaking4 ,a review of the history of the postal service in ,america has all the interest and charm of an old romance dealing with the life and customs of a bygone age1 particularly when depicted by one whose heart and soul is wrapped up in the service1 by one whose career in itself is the best proof of what studious habits1 devotion to duty1 and loyalty to the department can do for a man in the postal service4 ,that man is ,edward ,m4 ,morgan1 ,postmaster of ,new ,york ,city1 who1 starting as a letter-carrier in #ahgc1 came up through the ranks1 grade by grade1 until he was entrusted with the management of one of the two largest post offices in the world4 ,beginning of the ,postal ,service4 ,mr4 ,morgan in speaking of the history of the postal service says3 8,the post office played but a minor part in the early affairs of ,new ,amsterdam4 ,for many years after the consummation of the greatest real estate deal on record1 which secured from the ,indians the whole island of ,manhattan for twenty-four dollars1 most of the slight correspondence that was carried on was forwarded in the care of chance travelers1 or mutual friends of the correspondents4 ,later the necessity of some sort of receiving place was felt and what was known as the 8,coffee ,house ,delivery0 came into use4 ,letters were addressed to some popular coffee house or tavern1 where1 upon receipt1 they were 8posted0 in a conspicuous place in the public room where they remained until by chance or gossip1 the persons for whom they were intended learned of their arrival4 ,new ,york's ,first ,post office4 8,that system in time came to be regarded as unsatisfactory1 and in #afib1 when ,new ,york1 as it had then come to be called1 was still a quiet village of about five thousand inhabitants1 the village authorities passed an act or ordinance establishing a post office4 ,this was followed by the founding here1 in #agaj1 of a 8,chief ,letter ,office0 by the ,postmaster-,general of ,great ,britain1 shortly afterwards1 arrangements were made for the delivery of mail from ,boston twice a month1 and propositions were advertised for the establishment of a post to ,albany4 ,the interesting feature of that advertisement1 to us who are accustomed to the speedy locomotion of to-day1 was that the mail was not to be carried by coach1 or boat1 or even on horseback1 but on foot4 ,the records are hazy as to the location of the first official post office in ,new ,york ,city1 but according to an advertisement that appeared in a paper of the period1 it was removed in #agcb from the quarters it then occupied to 8the uppermost of the two houses on ,broadway1 opposite ,beaver ,street40 ,the year #agec found it still in the same location4 ,it was closed on ,sundays1 and at other times it was open for business from #h ,a4 ,m4 until noon1 excepting on post nights1 when business was transacted until #aj ,p4 ,m4 ,annual ,postal ,receipt ,less ,than #c1jjj4 8,in #aghf1 during the administration of ,sebastian ,bauman1 the second postmaster after the close of the ,war of the ,revolution1 there was a regular schedule for the arrival and dispatch of mails between ,new ,york and ,albany and ,new ,england1 and also between ,new ,york and the ,south4 ,mail from ,new ,england and ,albany arrived on ,wednesday and ,saturday in winter1 and on ,tuesday1 ,thursday and ,saturday in summer4 ,the income of the office at that time was #b1ghi4hd4 ,compare that sum and the income for the twelve months ended ,september #cj1 #aiaa1 when1 for the first time in the history of the ,new ,york office1 the receipts for any twelve consecutive months passed the twenty million dollar mark1 being exactly #bj1dea1agb4ec40 ,franklin ,first ,postmaster ,general4 ,it is an interesting and singular coincidence1 overlooked by some of our historians1 that the man to whom most credit is due1 probably1 for the organization of our national postal service was ,benjamin ,franklin1 who did so much to encourage and promote the use of electricity1 the other great medium for transmitting intelligence4 ,franklin was the first ,postmaster ,general under the ,revolutionary organization1 before the adoption of the ,constitution in #aghg4 ,he was chosen because of his earlier experience in postal matters1 as postmaster of ,philadelphia in #agcg1 and as ,deputy ,postmaster ,general of the ,british ,colonies in #agec4 ,he was removed from the latter office1 to punish him for his active sympathies with the colonists4 ,when ,independence was declared one of the first acts of his fellow patriots was to place him at the head of the ,post ,office ,department4 ,but the stern necessities of the ,revolution called for ,franklin's great abilities to perform services of still greater importance1 and ,richard ,bache1 his son-in-law1 was chosen to succeed him as ,postmaster ,general1 in ,november1 #aggf4 ,mr4 ,bache was succeeded by ,ebenezer ,hazard1 the compiler of the valuable historical collection bearing that name4 ,he held the office until the adoption of the ,constitution and the inauguration of ,washington4 ,washington chose for his ,postmaster ,general1 ,samuel ,osgood1 of the famous ,new ,england family4 ,he had been graduated from ,harvard ,college in #aggj4 ,he soon became a member of the ,massachusetts ,legislature1 a member of the ,board of ,war1 and subsequently an aid to ,general ,ward4 ,in #aggi1 he was chosen a member of the ,massachusetts ,constitutional ,convention1 and two years later was elected a member of ,congress4 ,after four years in ,congress he became first ,commissioner of the ,treasury4 ,when he left ,washington's cabinet he was made ,naval ,officer of the ,port of ,new ,york where he died ,august #ab1 #ahac4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,what ,,is ,,required ,,of ,,candidates4 ,clerks and carriers must be citizens of the ,united ,states1 physically fit for the service and temperate4 ,they must be more than #ah years of age and not more than #de1 stand #e feet #d inches in height in bare feet and weigh not less than #abe pounds without overcoat and hat4 ,some applicants who know they are below the weight foolishly try to secrete about their person1 beneath the soles of their feet1 or in their hair weighty materials to make up the deficiency4 ,not one in a hundred ever succeeds in fooling the lynx-eyed examiners1 but those who try1 do succeed in getting themselves blackballed and are debarred from taking examinations in the future4 ,female applicants are not required to be of any specific height or weight4 ,the age limits are waived in the cases of persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service by reason of disability resulting from wounds received or sickness incurred in the line of duty1 but they are waived only for such persons as have been physically disabled in the way mentioned4 ,physical ,conditions4 ,eye glasses are permitted during the examination1 but very serious defective sight is sufficient to cause rejection4 ,as also are defective hearing1 or speech2 persons blind in one eye2 one-armed1 one-handed1 or one-legged persons1 or those having crippled arms or legs1 or those suffering from asthma or hernia4 ,deaf mutes and persons with defective speech may1 however1 be appointed to the positions of mail clerk1 distributor1 and directing and forwarding clerk4 ,applicants also are excluded from examinations for any of the following reasons3 ,that he is1 on the date of the examination1 under the minimum or over the maximum age limitation4 ,that he has any of the following defects3 ,insanity1 tuberculosis1 paralysis1 epilepsy1 blindness1 loss of both arms or both legs1 loss of arm and leg1 badly crippled or deformed hands1 arms1 feet1 or legs1 uncompensated calvular disease of the heart1 locomotor ataxia1 cancer1 ,bright's disease1 diabetes1 or is otherwise physically disqualified for the service which he seeks4 ,that he is addicted to the habitual use of intoxicating beverages to excess4 ,that he is enlisted in the ,united ,states ,army or ,navy and has not secured permission for his examination from the ,secretary of ,war or the ,secretary of the ,navy1 respectively4 ,written permission must be filed with the formal application4 ,that he has1 within approximately one year1 passed the same examination for which he again desires to apply4 ,this restriction does not apply to persons who1 having taken one annual examination1 desire to take the next annual examination1 although a full year may not have elapsed4 ,that he has been dismissed from the ,federal service for delinquency or misconduct within one year preceding the date of his application4 ,whether or not an application will be accepted after the expiration of a year from a person dismissed from the service rests with the ,commission1 and each case of this character will be considered on its individual merits4 ,that he has failed after probation to receive absolute appointment to the position for which he again applies within one year from the date of the expiration of his probationary service4 ,that he has made a false statement in his application1 or has been guilty of fraud or deceit in any manner connected with his application or examination1 or has been guilty of crime or infamous or notoriously disgraceful conduct4 ,that he has been discharged for desertion from the military or naval service of the ,united ,states under section #aiih1 ,revised ,statutes4 ,clerks and ,carriers ,are ,bonded4 ,each clerk and carrier when appointed to the service must furnish bonds in the sum of #a1jjj4 ,in most first and second class cities there are surety companies that make a specialty of supplying such bonds for persons on entering the postal service4 ,the charge1 which is paid by the employee1 is twenty-five cents per annum for a carrier and fifty cents for a clerk4 ,in addition the carrier must furnish his own uniform and cap1 which averages from #ae4jj to #bj4jj a year4 ,the only other expense imposed upon a clerk is thirty-five cents for his badge1 and this is returned to him when he leaves the service and surrenders the badge4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,salaries ,,and ,,opportunities4 ,the salaries for postal clerk and carrier are the same throughout the ,union4 ,starting in at #fjj the first year1 the man who is efficient and has a clean record is advanced to #hjj at the beginning of the second year2 the third year he goes to #ijj and so on to the sixth year when he reaches the maximum for this branch of the service1 #a1bjj4 ,but there are opportunities beyond this to clerks of exceptionable ability1 and to carriers1 too1 if they elect to be transferred to the clerical branch1 as is evidenced in the brilliant career of ,postmaster ,morgan of ,new ,york1 referred to in the opening chapter4 ,transfers are permitted from carrier to clerk1 or visa versa1 after three or four years service4 ,promotion ,for ,good ,clerks4 ,in cities having sub-stations1 clerks are eligible to promotion to assistant superintendent1 and then to superintendent1 with salaries ranging from #a1cjj to #b1ejj4 ,they may also file applications with the postmaster through their station superintendent for transfer to another branch of the service1 such as registry division4 ,no other examination is necessary1 the places there1 as also on the windows1 inquiry department1 and on money order windows being given to clerks who show meritorious service4 ,the only promotion examination given is to the money order division1 which is not to be confused with positions at money order windows4 ,besides involving grave responsibilities the clerks in the money order division are subject only to day work and have no night shifts4 ,hours of ,labor4 ,employees in all branches of the federal government are required to work only eight hours a day4 ,the hours1 however1 may not always be consecutive4 ,postal clerks1 for instance1 work usually in three shifts4 ,the hours vary but the following may be taken as an example1 allowing one hour for meals3 ,first shift1 #aj ,a4 ,m41 until #g ,p4 ,m41 second shift1 #d ,p4 ,m41 until #a ,a4 ,m42 third shift1 #ab midnight until #i ,a4 ,m4 ,if clerks are required to work overtime they are given compensatory time or leaves of absence during the week corresponding to the number of hours overtime4 ,this also applies to ,sunday work4 ,carriers are not allowed to work overtime and when they do 8demerits0 are registered against them4 ,while a carrier is at the call of the government1 so to speak1 more hours in a day than is a clerk1 his hours of actual duty are the same1 eight4 ,they have 8swings10 or periods of intermission1 between deliveries when their time is their own and they are permitted to go where they please4 ,regular carriers make deliveries only1 and are rarely1 if ever1 called upon to make collections4 ,violations of the rules and inefficiency are punished by a system of 8demerits0 ranging from #a to #ejj according to the degree of the offense4 8,demerits0 in any considerable number naturally affect a man's advancement4 ,anything less than #ejj is usually wiped out at the end of a year and the offender starts again with a clean slate4 ,but if #ejj or more is charged up against a man it remains a constant reminder of past shortcomings4 ,clerks and carriers who resign from the service may be reinstated within one year1 but1 unless their absence was due to illness1 they lose a grade4 ,in other words1 they must work a year for #ajj less salary than they received at time of resignation4 ,in case of illness employees must notify the postmaster through their superintendent1 without delay4 ,salaries are paid the #ast and #afth of each month4 8,subs40 8,subs10 in the parlance of the postal service1 are men taken from the regular eligible lists to act as substitute clerks and letter carriers4 ,in every large office there is always a lot of emergency work due to sickness1 or unusual demands4 8,sub0 clerks work on an average from six to nine months--the duration varies greatly in different offices--before receiving a permanent appointment1 while 8sub0 carriers have to work from three to four years before they get a steady job4 ,the collection of mail from street letter boxes is entrusted to 8sub0 carriers1 regular carriers attending only to the delivery of mail4 ,all 8subs0 receive thirty cents per hour and their salary averages from #ej to #fj per month4 ,carriers' ,moral ,responsibility4 ,carriers are not allowed to put letters into their own pockets to carry them nor to throw away even the slightest piece of mail1 however valueless and unimportant it may appear4 ,he must return to the office everything that is undelivered1 and after every trip must bring back his satchel and his key1 and make his comprehensive written return in detail of the number and character of the pieces handled by him4 ,every piece of mail entrusted to him has its particular place and all must be arranged with system and order4 ,he is forbidden under all circumstances to return to any person whatever letters deposited by them in the street mailing boxes from which he makes collections1 but if the sender of the letter wishes it back1 he must report to the postmaster through the head of his division1 and the postmaster has exclusive discretion to return it to the writer4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,where ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,,application4 ,examinations for the postal service usually are held in the fall1 about the first ,wednesday or ,saturday in ,november of each year4 ,prospective applicants should write to the secretary of the civil service district in which they reside--a list of these will be found in the chapter under that heading--for the exact date and place of the mental test and the time when applications may be had4 ,the blank1 a copy of which is given elsewhere in this book1 must be carefully and correctly filled and all questions must be answered4 ,this requirement must not be overlooked1 as to do so would mean the sending of the application back to the applicant for correction1 thus causing loss of valuable time4 ,all answers must be written in ink1 the application in the handwriting of the applicant and the vouchers in the handwriting of the signers4 ,there must be no discrepancy in the name of the applicant in any part of the application or in the vouchers4 ,for ,new ,york3 ,physical examinations take place after the mental examinations1 and only when called for appointment4 ,to make this point clear1 applicants must see that all names are signed alike in every part of the application4 ,for instance3 ,john ,doe must be ,john ,doe everywhere and not ,j4 ,doe in one place and ,john ,doe elsewhere4 ,applications or vouchers which are executed or dated more than six months before the date of filing will not be accepted4 ,after the blank is properly executed1 it must be filed with the secretary of the local board of examiners4 ,so far as possible file applications personally4 ,if circumstances are such that the application must be mailed1 register it and obtain a receipt for same4 ,all applications must be sworn to before a ,notary ,public4 ,whenever extra examinations may become necessary1 to meet the needs of the service1 due announcement will be made of the dates and places of such examinations1 and also of the time allowed for the filing of applications4 ,a person cannot at the same time be an applicant for or eligible from examination for more than one first-class post office for which examinations ordinarily are held annually in ,november4 ,this restriction will not apply1 however1 when an examination is held for any of these offices on a date other than that of the regular annual examination4 ,a person who passes an examination can not be examined again for the same post office within approximately one year of the date of the examination he has passed4 ,a person who fails in an examination may take the next examination regardless of the time intervening4 ,a request for a change in the designation of the position desired by an applicant must be made in writing and be received by the district secretary on or before the date set for the close of receipt of applications1 otherwise no change will be made4 ,the postmaster is required to make selection for a vacancy from not more than the highest three names on the appropriate register1 and for the next and any additional vacancies from not more than the highest three remaining which have not been within his reach for three separate vacancies4 ,the name of an eligible must have been within reach for three separate vacancies in a position before it may be passed over in making selection for appointment to that position4 ,when an eligible's name is borne on both the clerk and the carrier registers and has been three times certified 7considered7 for one of the two positions1 but not selected1 his name will not be further certified for that position1 but his standing on the register for the other position will not be affected4 ,neither will declination of appointment when selected for one of the positions affect the eligible's standing on the register for the other position4 ,appointment to either position will remove the eligible's name from the registers for both positions4 ,an eligible who has been within reach for three separate vacancies in either the position of clerk or of carrier in his turn may subsequently be selected for the position1 subject to the approval of the ,commission1 from the certificate upon which his name last appeared1 if the condition of the register has not so changed as to place him in other respects beyond reach of certification4 ,in the ,post ,office ,service appointments are usually made to the position of substitute clerk or substitute carrier4 ,substitutes are promoted in the order of their original appointment to the first vacancies occurring in regular positions4 ,declination of appointment as substitute will remove the name of the eligible from the register from which selection was made1 and it will not be restored for consideration in connection with appointment to a regular position only4 ,auxiliary employees are paid for actual service at the rate of #cj cents an hour4 ,they are required to work not less than two hours daily1 and may serve as substitutes4 ,they are eligible for appointment as clerks and carriers of the first grade4 ,all promotions of both clerks and carriers will be made at the beginning of the quarter following the expiration of the year's service in the next lower grade4 ,no promotion will be made except upon evidence satisfactory to the ,post ,office ,department of the efficiency and faithfulness of the employee during the preceding year4 ,when a clerk or carrier fails of promotion because of unsatisfactory service1 he may be promoted at the beginning of the second quarter thereafter1 or of any subsequent quarter1 upon evidence that his record has been satisfactory during the intervening period4 ,clerks and carriers of the highest grade are eligible for promotion to the higher positions in their respective offices4 ,any male clerk in an office in which both clerks and city carriers are employed1 is eligible for transfer to the position of city carrier1 and any city carrier is eligible for transfer to the position of clerk4 ,male clerks and city carriers are also eligible for transfer to the position of rural carrier4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,offices ,,in ,,new ,,york ,,state4 ,examinations for the first-class offices named below will be held on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday in ,november of each year1 if the needs of the service so require4 ,city delivery service has been established at these offices1 and their force includes both clerks and city carriers4 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y4 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,blank forms of application for the ,november examinations may be obtained from the local secretary at the office where employment is desired1 or from the secretary of the ,second ,civil ,service ,district1 custom house1 ,new ,york ,city1 between ,july #a and ,october #a4 ,applications must be properly executed and filed with the district secretary at ,new ,york ,city between ,july #a and the close of business on ,october #a4 ,for the following named offices the names of male eligibles are entered on only one register--namely1 the 8clerk0 or the 8carrier0 register--and male applicants for these offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of 8clerk0 or of 8carrier30 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,east ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,elizabeth1 ,n4 ,j4 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y4 ,flushing1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j4 ,jamaica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,long ,island ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j4 ,paterson1 ,n4 ,j4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y4 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,yonkers1 ,n4 ,y4 ,examinations for the first and second-class offices in the following list will be held only when eligibles are needed1 due announcement of which will be made1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced4 ,city delivery service has been established at these offices1 and their force includes both clerks and city carriers4 ,names of first-class offices are in black face type4 ,albion1 ,n4 ,y4 ,amsterdam1 ,n4 ,y4 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,baldwinsville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ballston ,spa1 ,n4 ,y4 ,batavia1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bath1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bayonne1 ,n4 ,j4 ,bloomfield ,n4 ,j4 ,boonton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,brockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,canapoharie1 ,n4 ,y4 ,canandaigua1 ,n4 ,y4 ,canastota1 ,n4 ,y4 ,canton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,carthage1 ,n4 ,y4 ,catskill1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cohoes1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cooperstown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,corning1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cortlandt1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cranford1 ,n4 ,j4 ,dansville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,deposit1 ,n4 ,y4 ,dover1 ,n4 ,j4 ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y4 ,east ,aurora1 ,n4 ,y4 ,east ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,elizabeth1 ,n4 ,j4 ,ellenville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,englewood1 ,n4 ,j ,far ,rockaway1 ,n4 ,j4 ,fishkill-on-,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,flushing1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fort ,plain1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fredonia1 ,n4 ,y4 ,freport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fulton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gloversville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,goshen1 ,n4 ,y4 ,gouverneur1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hackensack1 ,n4 ,j4 ,haverstraw1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hempstead1 ,n4 ,y4 ,herkimer1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j4 ,hoosick ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hornell1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hudson ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y4 ,irvington1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,jamaica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,jamestown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,johnstown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,kingston1 ,n4 ,y4 ,le,roy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lestershire1 ,n4 ,y4 ,liberty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,little ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,long ,island ,city1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lowville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lyons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,madison1 ,n4 ,j4 ,malone1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mamaroneck1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mechanicsville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,medina1 ,n4 ,y4 ,middletown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,morristown1 ,n4 ,j4 ,mount ,vernon1 ,n4 ,y4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,y4 ,new ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,newbury1 ,n4 ,y4 ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 ,newton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,niagara ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,northport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,north ,tonowanda1 ,n4 ,y4 ,norwich1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nyack1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ogdensburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,olean1 ,n4 ,y4 ,oneida1 ,n4 ,y4 ,oneonta1 ,n4 ,y4 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,ossining1 ,n4 ,y4 ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,owego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,palmyra1 ,n4 ,y4 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j4 ,patchogue1 ,n4 ,y4 ,paterson1 ,n4 ,j4 ,peekskill1 ,n4 ,y4 ,penn ,yan1 ,n4 ,y4 ,plainfield1 ,n4 ,j4 ,plattsburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,port ,chester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,port ,jervis1 ,n4 ,y4 ,port ,richmond1 ,n4 ,y4 ,potsdam1 ,n4 ,y4 ,poughskeepsie1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rahway1 ,n4 ,j4 ,rensselaer1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ridgewood1 ,n4 ,j4 ,rockville ,center1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rome1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rosebank1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rutherford1 ,n4 ,j4 ,salamanca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,saranac ,lake1 ,n4 ,y4 ,saratoga ,springs1 ,n4 ,y4 ,saugerties1 ,n4 ,y4 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y4 ,seneca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,silver ,creek1 ,n4 ,y4 ,south ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,stapleton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,summit1 ,n4 ,j4 ,tarrytown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tompkinsville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tonawanda1 ,n4 ,y4 ,walden1 ,n4 ,y4 ,walton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,watertown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,watervliet1 ,n4 ,y4 ,watkins1 ,n4 ,y4 ,waverly1 ,n4 ,y4 ,weehawken1 ,n4 ,j4 ,wellsville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,westfield1 ,n4 ,j4 ,westfield1 ,n4 ,y4 ,west ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j4 ,west ,new ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,white ,plains1 ,n4 ,y4 ,yonkers1 ,n4 ,y4 ,candidates for ,new ,york ,city and vicinity will find a ,notary ,public and a staff of ,civil ,service experts at the office of ,,the ,,chief during business hours1 who will enlighten the candidates on any doubtful point4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,questions ,,to ,,be ,,filled ,,out ,,in ,,application4 #a4 7a7 ,for what positions do you wish to be examined8 7b7 ,for what ,service 7,postal or ,customs7 do you wish to be examined8 7c7 ,in what city or town do you desire employment8 #b4 ,what is your name in full8 ,give your first name in full1 your middle initial1 or initials1 if any1 and your surname in full4 #c4 ,are you a citizen of the ,united ,states8 ,answer must be 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,if a naturalized citizen1 your certificate of naturalization1 or the certificate of naturalization of one of your parents 7if such parent was naturalized while you were a minor71 with sworn statements1 on ,form #dd1 of two disinterested citizens as to the reputed relationship1 must be forwarded with the application4 ,the certificate will be returned to you4 #d4 7a7 ,where were you born8 7b7 ,what was the month1 day and year of your birth8 7c7 ,what was your age on your last birthday8 #e4 ,name the kind of school in which you were educated4 ,viz3 ,common school1 high school1 business college1 academy1 college1 etc4 ,if educated in high school1 academy1 college1 university1 etc41 give the name and location of the school1 and state how long you attended1 and whether you were graduated4 #f4 ,how long did you attend school1 and at what age did you leave school8 #g4 ,are you or have you been married8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,if applicant is a married woman1 the full name1 post office address and legal residence of her husband are required4 ,a married woman1 not divorced1 but living apart from her husband1 should state the facts1 if any1 entitling her to separate residence4 #h4 ,are any members of your family1 or any of your relatives1 in the service of the ,government8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,if so1 state their names1 in what position1 in what branch of the service1 and the relationship4 ,this does not apply to state or municipal service4 #i4 ,have you ever been convicted of1 or indicted for1 any crime4 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,if so1 inclose herewith an abstract from the court proceedings to show the essential action taken1 and also furnish a statement from the trial judge or other court officer showing the surrounding circumstances and your reputation for honesty and integrity4 #aj4 7a7 ,do you habitually or at times use intoxicating liquors1 tobacco1 morphine1 or opium to excess8 7b7 ,if so1 which8 7c7 ,have you ever used intoxicating liquors1 tobacco1 morphine1 or opium to excess8 7d7 ,if so which8 #aa4 7a7 ,have you any defect of sight in either eye8 7b7 ,have you any defect of speech8 7c7 ,have you any defect of limb8 7d7 ,have you any defect of hearing8 #ab4 ,what is your height1 measured in your bare feet8 #ac4 ,what is your weight in your ordinary clothing1 without overcoat or cloak8 #ad4 ,have you been examined for any branch of the classified service within twelve months next preceding the date of application8 ,if so1 state for what branches1 for what positions1 the date1 and results4 ,the different branches of the service are3 ,postoffice1 ,customs1 ,internal ,revenue1 ,departmental1 and ,government ,printing8 #ae4 7a7 ,have you ever been barred from examination by this ,commission8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 7b7 ,if so1 state when and for what reason4 7c7 ,give the date1 place1 and kind of examination for which you applied and in connection with which you were barred4 #af4 7a7 ,have you any other application on file for any branch of the classified service8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 7b7 ,if so1 what branch and for what position8 7c7 ,is your name now on any register for appointment in any branch of the classified service8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 7d7 ,if so1 for what branch1 in what city1 and for what position8 ,this does not apply to state or municipal service4 #ag4 ,are you now in the ,government ,civil ,service8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 #ah4 7a7 ,were you ever separated from the ,government ,civil ,service8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 7b7 ,if so1 state when1 from what position1 what city1 and branch of service1 and whether you resigned or were discharged4 ,avoid any allusion to politics or to change of administration4 #ai4 7a7 ,are you now in the ,military or ,naval ,service of the ,united ,states8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,do not give service in the ,national ,guard4 7b7 ,were you ever honorably discharged from the ,military or ,naval ,service of the ,united ,states on account of disability resulting from wounds received or sickness incurred in the line of duty8 ,if so1 give the name of the vessel on which1 or the company and regiment in which you served1 with the dates of your enlistment and discharge4 7c7 ,give the exact name under which you enlisted and were discharged4 #bj4 7a7 ,what is your present place of abode4 7b7 ,what is your present occupation1 business1 employment1 or position4 7c7 ,what was your place of abode 7city or town1 and ,state7 during last year8 7d7 ,what was your occupation1 business1 employment1 or position during that year8 7e7 ,what was your place of abode 7city or town1 and ,state7 during the year preceding last year8 7f7 ,what was your occupation1 business1 employment1 or position during that year8 7g7 ,what was your place of abode 7city or town1 and ,state7 during the second year preceding last year8 7h7 ,what was your occupation1 business1 employment1 or position during that year8 #ba4 ,give the names and addresses of five persons1 other than vouchers1 to whom reference can be made as to your character and qualifications4 ,one of these must reside in1 or be engaged in business in the city or town in which you seek employment4 #bb4 ,have you been employed in any ,state or ,municipal ,service8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,if so1 when1 where1 and in what positions8 #bc4 7a7 ,were you ever discharged on account of delinquency or misconduct from any position in which you were employed8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 7b7 ,if so1 state when1 from what position1 and by whom were you discharged4 #bd4 ,are each and all of the answers to the foregoing questions in your own handwriting8 ,answer 8,yes0 or 8,no40 ,i hereby certify that the answers to the foregoing questions are true in every particular4 7,signature of ,applicant7 444444444444 7,p4 ,o4 address7 44444444444444 7,the following oath must be taken before a ,notary ,public1 or other officer authorized to administer oaths for general purposes1 and the officer's signature must be authenticated by official seal4 ,if the oath be taken before a ,justice of the ,peace or other officer who has no official seal1 his character must be certified by the ,clerk of ,court1 ,secretary of ,state1 or other proper officer1 under official seal47 ,the ,notary is requested to see that all the foregoing questions are answered in full before executing the jurat4 ,sworn to and subscribed before me by the above-mentioned applicant1 to me personally known1 this 444444 day of 4444444444444444 #aij441 at 44444444444 county of 4444444444444444444444444444 and ,state 7or ,territory or ,district7 444444444444444444444444 7,signature of officer7 4444444444444444444 7,official impressed seal47 7,official title7 444444444 ,the official seal must not be omitted4 ,every applicant for examination must furnish the vouchers of two citizens of the ,united ,states1 each of whom must be at least twenty-one years of age1 and must have known the applicant for six months or more4 ,vouchers will not be accepted from the father1 mother1 sister1 brother1 husband1 wife or child of the applicant1 and not more than one voucher will be accepted from relatives of more remote degree4 ,no recommendations other than those provided for hereon will be accepted by the ,commission4 ,vouchers4 ,the following is a sample of the two vouchers2 all answers made by vouchers must be in their own handwriting4 #a4 ,what is your own age8 ,age of voucher1 not applicant1 is wanted4 ,if you so prefer1 the statement that you are over #ba years of age is sufficient4 #b4 ,what is your occupation8 #c4 ,what is your business address in full8 #d4 ,what is your actual bona fide 7legal7 residence8 ,city and ,state8 #e4 ,how long have you been such resident thereof8 #f4 ,how long have you been acquainted with the applicant8 #g4 ,is the applicant addicted to the use of intoxicating beverages1 tobacco1 morphine1 or opium8 ,if so1 to which8 #h4 ,has the applicant ever been addicted to the use of intoxicating beverages1 tobacco1 morphine1 or opium8 ,if so1 to which8 #i4 ,is the applicant a person of good moral character1 and of good repute8 #aj4 ,are you related to the applicant8 ,if so1 what is the relationship8 #aa4 ,are you aware of any circumstances tending to disqualify the applicant for the public service8 #ab4 ,would you yourself trust the applicant with employment requiring undoubted honesty8 #ac4 ,what is the name of the applicant for whom you furnish this certificate8 ,first name1 middle initial1 or initials1 if there be any1 and last name1 should be correctly given4 ,the above questions are answered to the best of my knowledge and belief4 7,signature of voucher7 4444444444444444444444 7,p4 ,o4 address7 4444444444444444444444444 ,date1 444444444444444 #aij 4 7,applicant will ,,not fill the following blank47 ,final certificate of naturalization of 4444444444444 issued by the 4444444444444 ,court of 44444444444444 on 444444444444 ,i 44444444444441 was filed with this application by the applicant1 and was found by me to be in due form in all respects4 ,the certificate was returned to the applicant on 4444444 4444444441 #aij4444 7,initials7 44444444444444444 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,medical ,,certificate4 ,all applicants for the ,postal ,service must have this certificate executed4 ,questions #a1 #b1 #c1 #g1 #h1 #i1 and the parenthetical part of question #ac1 are not required in the case of female applicants4 ,this certificate need not be executed for examinations at second and third class post offices4 ,when the result of examinations at such offices is determined1 the highest four eligibles will be required to furnish the certificate4 ,applicants for the ,postal ,service 7male and female7 who are defective in any of the following-named particulars will not be appointed by that ,department3 ,deaf-mutes1 hunchbacks1 persons having defective hearing1 sight1 or speech2 persons totally blind or blind in one eye2 one-armed1 one-handed1 or one-legged persons1 or those having crippled arms or legs1 and those suffering from asthma1 consumption1 or hernia4 ,the applications of such persons will1 therefore1 not be accepted4 #a4 ,what is the applicant's exact height in his bare feet8 7,the physician must himself measure and weigh the applicant47 #b4 ,what is the applicant's exact weight in his ordinary clothing1 without overcoat or hat8 #c4 ,did you yourself weigh and measure the applicant8 #d4 ,what is the condition of the applicant's sight8 7,if possible1 the test should be made with ,snelen's cards1 and expressed in twentieths47 ,if the applicant has any defect of sight in either eye1 describe fully4 ,is the defect in sight corrected by the use of glasses8 #e4 ,what is the condition of the applicant's hearing8 7,state the distance1 in feet1 at which he can hear the ticking of a closed watch held in the open hand1 testing each ear with the other plugged47 ,if he has any defect of hearing of either ear describe fully4 #f4 ,what is the condition of the applicant's speech8 ,if he has any defect of speech describe fully4 #g4 ,what is the condition of the applicant's limbs8 ,if he has any defect in either arm or in either leg describe fully1 and state to what extent it interferes with the proper function of the limb4 7,varicose veins1 ulcers1 or any deformity should be specially reported47 #h4 ,has the applicant any rupture8 #i4 ,has the applicant varicocele1 hydrocele1 internal or external piles1 fistula in ano1 or any cutaneous disease8 ,if so1 describe the disease1 and state to what extent the applicant is afflicted4 #aj4 ,has the applicant any defect in the functions of the brain or nervous system8 ,if so1 describe the disease1 and state to what extent the applicant is affected4 ,has the applicant ever had an epileptic fit8 ,is he subject to these attacks8 #aa4 ,give the measurements of the applicant's chest3 ,at rest4 ,at full inspiration4 ,at full expiration4 #ab4 ,is the applicant's respiration full1 free1 and unobstructed in both lungs8 ,if not1 state to what extent obstructed4 #ac4 ,state the frequency of the action of the applicant's heart3 ,when sitting4 ,when standing4 ,when standing after brief exercise4 7,the applicant should be required to hop on one foot the distance of about #ab feet47 #ad4 ,are there indications in the heart's action of organic1 muscular1 or nervous derangement8 ,if so1 describe fully4 #ae4 ,are there indications that the applicant is addicted to the excessive use of intoxicating beverages1 tobacco1 or narcotics in any form4 ,if so1 describe fully4 #af4 ,has the applicant any form of disease or disability which is likely to unfit him for the performance of the work of the position for which he applies8 #ag4 ,state whether the applicant is capable of prolonged1 severe1 mental and physical exertion1 and equal to the demands of a very exhausting occupation4 #ah4 ,are you a regularly licensed physician1 and duly authorized by the laws of your ,state to practice medicine8 #ai4 ,of what medical institution are you a graduate8 ,this space is to be filled out by the applicant in his own handwriting1 in the presence of the physician4 7,signature of applicant7 4444444444444444 ,i certify that ,i have made a thorough examination of the above-named applicant1 that each and all of the above answers are in my own handwriting and are true1 and that the applicant wrote his signature just above in my presence4 7,signature of physician7 44444444444444444444 7,p4 ,o4 address of physician7 4444444444444444 ,date1 44444444444441 #aij44 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,educational ,,test4 ,subjects and ,weights and ,specimens of ,previous ,questions ,asked4 ,examinations for the ,postal ,service are of the second grade4 ,any person with a common school education should have no trouble in passing them4 ,the average candidate1 however1 has been some years out of school and is very apt to be what we call 8rusty40 ,in other words1 to have forgotten much that he was taught at school concerning the subjects required4 ,the wise thing for him to do1 when he has made up his mind to take the examination1 no matter whether the date of it is one month or six months away1 the longer the better1 is to improve his knowledge of each subject as much and as far as is possible4 ,he must not content himself with just getting on the list1 many of which are cancelled while yet there remain many names not reached for appointment1 but do his utmost to win the highest possible rating4 ,the government service to-day1 particularly the postal branch1 is no place for indifferent1 sluggish1 or inefficient men4 ,though #gj per cent4 is the passing mark to obtain a place on the list1 it is a poor recommendation of a man's intelligence and efficiency1 or of his possible growth in these attainments4 ,and really there is no excuse for a man who can read and write getting so low a percentage4 ,it shows1 more or less convincingly1 that he was not diligent1 that there was little or no earnestness in his purpose1 and the average postmaster will not be over-eager to find a place for him4 ,the questions in each subject are simple1 and any man of ordinary education can1 unaided by outside instructors1 fit himself to obtain #ij per cent4 with ease4 ,a few simple text books1 and steady1 pains-taking study during leisure hours are all that are necessary4 ,a postal card to ,,the ,,chief will promptly bring to you a list of books covering each subject1 each book prepared by an expert on civil service4 ,applicants are notified of the date and place of an examination at least two weeks in advance of the time set4 ,subjects of ,examination4 ,the table given below indicates the subjects of the examination and the weights given to each3 ,weights4 #a4 ,spelling #ae #b4 ,arithmetic #bj #c4 ,letter ,writing #bj #d4 ,penmanship #bj #e4 ,copying from plain copy #ae #f4 ,reading ,addresses #aj --- ,total #ajj ,the following are specimen questions given at a previous examination4 ,first ,subject--,spelling4 ,twenty words are dictated by the examiner4 ,each word is pronounced and its definition given4 ,the competitor is required to write only the words and not their definitions1 and to write them in the blank spaces on the first sheet of the examination paper4 ,all words should be commenced with capital letters4 ,opponent3 ,one who opposes2 as1 a political opponent4 ,president3 ,the ,chief ,executive of the ,united ,states4 ,conqueror3 ,one who conquers4 ,wholesome3 ,healthful2 as1 wholesome food4 ,achieve3 ,to gain2 as1 to achieve success4 ,tranquil3 ,quiet or peaceful4 ,detach3 ,to separate or remove2 as1 to detach a leaf from a book4 ,expensive3 ,very costly4 ,decease3 ,death2 as1 a person's decease4 ,noticeable3 ,worthy of notice2 as1 a noticeable occasion4 ,suspicious3 ,exciting suspicion2 as1 a suspicious circumstance4 ,terrace3 ,a raised bank of earth4 ,rapping3 ,making a number of quick blows4 ,language3 ,the speech of a people2 as1 the ,english language4 ,schedule3 ,a list or inventory2 as1 a schedule of prices4 ,tying3 ,binding or fastening with a cord4 ,vulgar3 ,low or mean4 ,course3 ,a way or track2 as1 a race course4 ,salary3 ,a stated allowance paid for services4 ,chicago3 ,a city in the ,united ,states4 ,second ,subject--,arithmetic4 ,in solving problems the processes should be not merely indicated1 but all the figures necessary in solving each problem should be given in full4 ,the answer to each problem should be indicated by writing 8,ans40 after it4 #a4 ,add the following1 and from the sum subtract #cb1hhe1fif 7here will be given a short column of figures74 #b4 ,multiply #g-b_/beths by #cf4h1 and divide the product by #a4ib4 ,solve by decimals4 #c4 ,a carrier can assort #dc letters or #cg papers in a minute4 ,at this rate1 how many hours will it take him to assort #c1fee letters and #ahe pounds of papers1 averaging #g papers to the pound8 #d4 ,a lot which was #ec feet wide and #aej feet long sold for #h1cdg4ej1 which was one-fourth more than it cost4 ,what was the cost per square foot8 #e4 ,in a certain mail there are #bid pounds #ad ounces of newspapers weighing at the rate of #c papers to every #g ounces4 ,how many papers are there in the mail8 #af ounces equals one pound4 ,problems ,in ,earlier ,examinations4 ,if a railroad car runs #da-a_/b miles per hour1 how far would it go in #ab days running #aj-a_/b hours per day8 ,if paper is worth #dj cents per pound1 what is the cost of one sheet of paper weighing six pounds to the ream8 7#dhj sheets equals one ream47 ,an office uses #ih pounds of twine per year in tying packages4 ,allowing #agh yards to the pound1 how many packages are tied if each requires an average of #a-a_/b feet8 ,multiply #fif4f by #ghe4ji and divide the product by #be4 ,a carrier makes #d trips a day1 carrying #fd letters and #cb papers each trip4 ,the letters average in weight #a_/d oz4 each1 and the papers #b oz4 each4 ,how many pounds of mail does he deliver in a day8 7#af oz4 to the pound47 ,multiply #bf4cb by #c1 and to the product add #b4jd4 ,three gross of lead pencils are divided equally among the clerks in a post office1 giving to each clerk eleven and leaving a remainder of fourteen pencils4 ,how many clerks are there in the office4 ,third ,subject--,letter ,writing4 ,the competitor is given his choice of one of two subjects on which to write a letter of not less than #abe words4 ,one year the subjects were on the advantages of city and of country life4 ,at another time the candidates were required to tell what they thought of our colonial expansion in ,porto ,rico and the ,philippines4 ,in a recent test one of the subjects was 8,give your views as to the advantages derived from free public libraries in the principal cities of your ,state40 ,the object of this exercise is to test the candidate's skill in writing an intelligent letter4 ,errors in form and address1 in spelling1 capitalization1 punctuation1 syntax and style1 count against the competitor4 ,the rules for rating will be found under a separate chapter4 ,fourth ,subject--,penmanship4 ,the rating on penmanship will be determined by legibility1 rapidity1 neatness1 and general appearance and by correctness and uniformity in the formation of words1 letters1 and punctuation marks in the exercise of the subject of copying from plain copy4 ,no particular style of penmanship is preferred4 ,fifth ,subject--,copying ,from ,plain ,copy4 ,candidates are required to make an exact copy of a piece of composition4 ,all omissions and mistakes1 change of paragraphs1 spelling1 capitals and punctuation1 count against the competitor4 ,the following was given in a previous examination3 ,no recommendation of an applicant1 competitor1 or eligible involving any disclosure of his political or religious opinions or affiliations shall be received1 filed or considered by the ,commission1 by any board of examiners1 or by any nominating or appointing officer4 ,in making removals or reductions or in imposing punishment for delinquency or misconduct1 penalties like in character shall be imposed for like offenses1 and action thereupon shall be taken irrespective of the political or religious opinions or affiliations of the offenders4 ,a person holding a position on the date said position is classified under the civil service act shall be entitled to all the rights and benefits possessed by persons of the same class or grade appointed upon examination under the provisions of said act4 ,sixth ,subject--,reading ,addresses4 ,this exercise consists of the reading of a number of written addresses1 which are photolithographed on one sheet4 ,a second sheet is furnished1 which contains the same addresses1 these addresses being printed and containing errors of omission1 substitution or insertion4 ,the competitor is required to indicate the errors in each printed address by underscoring with a pencil thus1 1 any portion of a printed address which is not a correct copy of the written address1 and by a caret1 thus 1 any omitted words1 figures or initials4 ,words abbreviated in the written address1 but printed in full in the printed address1 are regarded as correct1 if the correct words are printed4 ,differences in punctuating or capitalization are not regarded as errors4 ,the time allowed will be limited1 and the rating will be determined on accuracy only4 ,the following are illustrations of the method which should be pursued in indicating errors4 ,,written ,,address--,,correct ,illustration3 ,,printed ,,address--,,with ,,errors ,,noted ,theodore ,m4 ,martin1 ,foreman ,water ,works1 ,high ,road1 ,grand ,forks1 ,north ,dakota4 ,,written ,,address--,,correct ,illustration3 ,,printed ,,address--,,with ,,errors ,,noted4 ,major ,a4 ,t4 ,chandler1 ,fort ,thompson1 ,alden ,county1 ,alabama4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,courses ,,of ,,instruction4 ,studies in ,each of the ,subjects on ,which ,examinations ,are ,based4 ,the following lessons are based on previous examinations4 ,the subjects are somewhat broad in scope in order to carry the student over every possible contingency4 ,careful study will enable the competitor to meet all the requirements4 ,spelling4 ,confederacy1 ,deity1 ,chirography1 ,worthy1 ,paltry1 ,electioneer1 ,anvil1 ,rumor1 ,gravity1 ,ancient1 ,chiropody1 ,vogue1 ,squirrel1 a small animal4 ,pippin1 ,yoke1 a connecting frame for draft cattle4 ,aspirant1 one who seeks earnestly2 a candidate4 ,terminus1 ,brutal1 ,cholera1 ,glimmer1 ,chirp1 ,ere1 ,intuition1 ,niche1 ,granary1 ,copartner1 ,autocrat1 ,inconstancy1 ,officiate1 ,delicacy1 ,ninetieth1 ,credulous1 ,fiftieth1 ,tincture1 ,wigwam1 ,eyelet1 ,tyranny1 ,undulate1 ,committee1 ,conservatory1 ,literary1 ,legislature1 ,anomalous1 ,desirous1 ,radiant1 ,jamb1 ,chilblain1 ,delightful1 ,inaugurate1 ,freight1 ,earnest1 ,quadrille1 ,lullaby1 ,usury1 ,audacious1 ,though1 ,equitable1 ,bivouac1 ,integrity1 ,asthma1 ,maniac1 ,dissolve1 ,admittance1 ,occupy1 ,constituency1 ,irritable1 ,advertisement1 ,halibut1 ,strength1 ,melodious1 ,wheelbarrow1 ,curtain1 ,senate1 ,superscribe1 ,convertible1 ,adversary1 ,illuminate1 ,circuit1 ,remnant1 ,stencil1 ,degradation1 ,claret1 ,ludicrous1 ,idea1 ,saucy1 ,recollect1 ,cupola1 ,familiar1 ,mammoth1 ,drawee1 ,motor1 ,presumption1 ,monosyllable1 ,apprentice1 ,alcohol1 ,charity1 ,plantain1 ,stampede1 ,demonstrate1 ,longitude4 ,,arithmetic4 ,lessons in ,decimals4 ,the paper on arithmetic in second grade examinations usually contains one1 sometimes two1 problems in common or decimal fractions4 ,these are no more difficult to solve when one understands the rules governing them1 than any simple test in addition1 division1 etc4 ,in whole numbers1 as #eg1 #efc1 #dbgh1 the various units increase on a scale of ten to the left 7or decrease on the same scale of ten to the right74 ,thus in the last number we say #h units1 #g tens1 #b hundreds1 and #d thousands or four thousand two hundred seventy-eight4 ,decimals also decrease on a scale of ten to the right 7or increase on the same scale of ten to the left74 ,in writing decimals1 we first write the decimal point1 which is the same mark we use at the close of a sentence and is called a period4 ,then the first figure to the right is called 8tenths0 and is written thus 4#f1 meaning six tenths4 ,the second figure stands for hundredths as 4#jf1 six hundredths2 4#jjf for six thousandths2 4#jjjf for six ten-thousandths2 4#jjjjf for six hundred-thousandths2 4#jjjjjf for six millionths1 etc4 ,when a whole number1 previously mentioned1 and decimals are written together as #dg4cbh1 it is called a mixed number4 ,the only distinction between reading whole numbers and decimals is made by adding this to the ending of decimals1 and the denomination of the right-hand figure must be expressed to give the proper value to decimal parts4 ,for instance1 4#ab1 is twelve hundredths2 4#jjg1 is seven thousandths2 4#jfb1 is sixty-two thousandths2 4#bja1 is two hundred one thousandths2 4#eefb1 is five thousand five hundred sixty-two ten-thousandths2 4#bdcga1 is twenty-four thousand three hundred seventy-one hundred-thousandths2 4#hicbed1 is eight hundred ninety-three thousand two hundred fifty-four millionths1 etc4 ,remember that in decimals the first figure stands for1 tenths2 the second1 hundredths2 the third1 thousandths2 the fourth1 ten-thousandths2 the fifth1 hundred-thousandths2 the sixth1 millionths1 and that in reading decimals we add the denomination of the right-hand figure4 ,when reading a mixed number the word 8and0 is used1 and then only1 to indicate the decimal point4 ,thus #de4cjd should be read forty-five ,,and three hundred four thousandths4 ,addition and subtraction of decimals differ from similar operations of whole numbers only in the placing of the figures4 ,in whole numbers units come under units1 tens under tens1 etc4 ,to illustrate3 ,what is the sum of #bfj1 #dcih1 #cje1 #b1 #bi8 ,the figures are placed thus3 #bfj #d1cih #cje #b #bi ----- #d1iid ,now let us take the same figures expressed decimally3 4#bfj1 4#dcih1 4#cje1 4#b1 4#bi4 4#bfj 4#dcih 4#cje 4#b 4#bi ------ #a4didh ,in subtraction of whole numbers or decimals the figures are placed as in addition4 ,examples--,subtract 4#bjd from 4#dgbc4 4#dgbc 4#bjd ----- 4#bfhc ,subtract #e4cdf from 4#icg4 #e4cdf 4#icg ----- #d4dji ,subtract 4#gec from #ah4 7,note that the point or period is placed to the left of 8#gec0 indicating decimals1 but in connection with the number 8#ah10 a dot is placed to the right as a mark of punctuation merely1 thus showing that 8#ah0 is a whole number47 ,now from the whole number 8#ah10 which is the minuend because it is the number to be subtracted from1 we are to subtract 4#gec1 and it is done in this way3 ,minuend #ah4jjj ,subtrahend 4#gec ------ #ag4bdg ,the three ciphers are added to the minuend to correspond to the decimal places in the subtrahend4 ,it is not necessary to put the ciphers down1 but beginners are apt to get confused if there is nothing there to correspond to the decimals below4 ,annex as many ciphers to the minuend as there are decimals in the subtrahend1 and place in the remainder a decimal point under those of the numbers subtracted4 ,multiplication of decimals differs somewhat from the previous operations mentioned for the reason that we do not necessarily place the decimal points directly under each other4 ,the right-hand figure of the multiplier usually goes under the right-hand figure of the multiplicand and the problem is then worked out as in multiplying whole numbers4 ,when the product is obtained we point off as many decimal places in it as there are in both the multiplier and the multiplicand4 ,let us take as an example3 ,multiply #b4fdh by #b4ce ,multiplicand #b4fdh ,multiplier #b4ce ----- #acbdj #gidd #ebif ------- ,product #f4bbbhj ,it will be seen that there are three decimals in the multiplicand and #b decimals in the multiplier1 hence we point off five decimals in the product4 ,in the operation of division of decimals the decimal point is not considered until the result is obtained4 ,if the number of decimal places in the dividend is less than the number of decimal places in the divisor ciphers must be annexed or added to make up the deficiency1 and the decimal point is then suppressed1 thus reducing the operation to the division of two whole numbers4 ,if there is no remainder1 the quotient is a whole number1 if there is a remainder1 add a cipher to the right of it and place a decimal point to the right of the quotient obtained1 then continue the division as far as desirable by adding ciphers to the right of the successive remainders1 for each of which a new decimal will be obtained in the quotient4 ,divide #dfj by 4#e4 4#e7dfj7ib #de -- #aj #aj -- #j ,fractions are reduced to decimals by annexing ciphers to the numerator and then dividing by the denominator4 ,for instance--#e_/h equals what decimal8 #h7e4jjj74fbe #e_/h #dh -- 4#bj #af -- 4#dj #dj ,lessons by ,prof4 ,jean ,p4 ,genthon1 ,c4,e41 ,member ,society of ,municipal ,engineers and ,author of 8,the ,assistant ,engineer10 8,the ,chief's0 ,text ,book on ,civil ,engineering4 ,in solving problems the process should be not merely indicated1 but all the figures necessary in solving each problem should be given in full4 ,the answers to each problem should be indicated by writing 8,ans40 after it4 ,arithmetic is the science of numbers4 ,a ,number is the result of the comparison 7also called measurement7 of a magnitude or quantity with another magnitude or quantity of the same kind supposed to be known4 ,a ,concrete ,number is one the nature of the unit of which is known4 ,denominate ,number4--,a concrete number the standard of which is fixed by law or established by long usage4 ,an ,abstract ,number is one of which the nature of the unit is unknown4 ,how to ,read ,numbers4--,the right way to read #aja1bgd1 etc41 is one hundred one1 two hundred seventy-four1 etc4 ,the ,decimal ,point4--,a period1 called decimal point1 is placed in a mixed number between the integral part and the decimal portion which follows4 ,it should never be omitted4 ,roman ,numbers4--,i stands for #a1 ,v for #e1 ,x for #aj1 ,l for #ej1 ,c for #ajj1 ,d for #ejj and ,m for #a1jjj4 ,abbreviations4--,a smaller unit1 written to the left of a greater one1 is subtracted from the latter1 as3 ,,iv #d 7,,iv is marked ,,iiii on clock and watch dials72 ,,ix #i2 ,,xc #ij2 ,,cd #djj1 etc4 ,sometimes a ,roman number is surmounted by a dash or vinculum2 it then expresses thousands1 as ,,ix #i1jjj4 ,addition4 ,addition4--,operation which consists in taking in any order all the units and portions of units of several numbers and forming with them a single number called their ,sum or ,total4 ,addition of ,long ,columns of ,numbers4--,when long columns of numbers are to be added1 the student should endeavor to add more than one figure at a time4 ,he may pick those which aggregate #aj1 #ae1 #bj1 etc41 and add the intermediate figures when convenient4 ,sign of ,addition4--,the sign of addition is the horizontal-vertical or ,roman cross placed between all the numbers to be added2 it is read ,plus4 ,to ,prove an ,addition4--,the shortest way to prove an addition is to do it over again from bottom to top4 ,sign of ,equality4--,the sign of equality is two short equal horizontal parallels 2 it reads ,equal4 ,subtraction4 ,subtraction4--,an operation which consists in taking from a number called minuend 7m7 all the units and parts of units contained in another number called subtrahend 7s74 ,the result is called the difference 7d7 of the two numbers or the remainder of their subtraction4 ,sign of ,subtraction4--,the sign of subtraction is a horizontal dash - placed between the minuend1 written first1 and the subtrahend4 ,thus3 #hd - #ch d2 #hd - #ch #df4 ,generally m - s d4 ,to ,prove a ,subtraction4--,add from bottom to top the difference and the subtrahend2 the sum must equal the minuend4 ,multiplication4 ,multiplication4--,an operation which consists in repeating a number called multiplicand 7,m7 as many times as there are units in another column called multiplier 7m72 the result is called the product 7p7 of the numbers1 and the numbers themselves are called factors of the product4 ,this definition may be extended to the case where the factors are not whole numbers4 ,sign of ,multiplication4--,the sign of multiplication is the oblique or ,st4 ,andrew's cross 1 called multiplied by1 and placed between the factors written one after the other4 ,thus3 #ce #g p2 #ce #g #bde4 ,generally ,m m p4 ,to ,prove a ,multiplication4--,multiplication may be proved by a second multiplication in which the factors are inverted4 ,this is the surest but the longest method4 ,another ,proof of the ,multiplication4--,find the residue of the multiplicand and multiplier4 ,multiply them and find the residue of their product2 this is equal to the residue of the product of the multiplication4 #fdcbg #d ,residue of the multiplicand4 #gha #g ,residue of the multiplier4 -------- -- #bh #a ,residue of the product of the residues #fdcbg #eadfaf #dejbhi -------- #ejbcichg #a ,residue of the product of multiplication4 ,proof ,not ,absolute4--,practically a proof is not absolute1 because an error may be committed in its use1 and also it may not work well in all cases4 ,power of a ,number4--,when the factors of a product are equal1 the product is called a power of the factor4 ,square of a ,number4--,a power is a square when it is the product of two 7#b7 equal factors1 as #g #g #di1 in which #di is the square of #g4 ,the term square is derived from the fact that the area of a square is obtained by multiplying the length of its side by itself1 or taking it twice as a factor4 ,cube of a ,number4--,a power is a cube when it is the product of three 7#c7 equal factors1 as #e #e #e #abe1 in which #abe is the cube of #e4 ,the term cube is derived from the fact that the volume of a cube is obtained by multiplying the length of its side by itself and again by itself1 or by taking it three times as a factor4 ,a product1 for instance1 of #d1 #i1 etc41 equal factors would be called the #dth or the #ith1 etc41 power of that number4 ,division4 ,division4--,an operation by means of which we find one of two factors of a product when that product and the other factor are given4 ,the given product is called ,dividend 7,d7 of the division2 the known factor is called the ,divisor 7d71 and the unknown factor which is sought is called ,quotient 7q74 ,we know that a quotient is seldom exact and that there is generally a ,remainder 7r7 or ,residue4 ,sign of ,division4--,the sign of division is a small dash with a point above and one below 2 it is read divided by1 is placed after the dividend1 and is followed by the divisor4 ,for instance1 to indicate the division of #gb by #h1 which we know gives the quotient #i1 we write #gb #h #i2 generally ,d d q4 ,other ,sign of ,division4--,in the study of fractions it is shown that a fraction expresses the quotient of its numerator by its denominator1 so that the preceding identity may be written #gb_/h #i1 or more generally ,d_/d q1 and another sign of division is a horizontal line separating the dividend written above it from the divisor written below it4 ,proof of the ,division4--,we prove a division by multiplying the divisor by the quotient and adding the remainder1 if there is any2 the result thus obtained must equal the dividend4 ,when there is a remainder1 the formula of division is ,d dq r4 ,by #b4--;,a number is divisible by #b when it is an even number1 that is to say when it ends with #j1 #b1 #d1 #f or #h1 as #gj1hcf4 ,by #c4--;,a number is divisible by #c when its residue is zero or is divisible by #c4 ,by #d4--;,a number is divisible by #d when the number formed by the last two figures to the right is divisible by #d2 #gebh is divisible by #d because #bh is divisible by #d4 ,by #e4--;,a number is divisible by #e when it ends with #j or #e1 as #ge1bgj4 ,by #f4--;,a number is divisible by #f when it is divisible by #b and #c1 as #dgd1 because when a number is divisible by several others it is divisible by their product4 ,by #h4--;,a number is divisible by #h when the number formed by the last three figures to the right is divisible by #h2 #cgajd is divisible by #h because #ajd is divisible by #h4 ,by #i4--;,a number is divisible by #i when its residue is #i or #j4 ,by #aj4--;,a number is divisible by #aj when the last figure to the right is #j4 ,by #ajj4--;,a number is divisible by #ajj when the last two figures to the right are #jj4 ,by #aa4--;,a number is divisible by #aa when the sum of the figures of even rank subtracted from the sum of the figures of uneven rank 7increased by #aa if necessary7 is #j or divisible by #aa1 as #iehcb1 #ccjdjha4 ,by #ab4--;,a number is divisible by #ab when it is divisible by #c and #d1 as #gef4 ,by #ae4--;,a number is divisible by #ae when it is divisible by #c and #e1 as #bee4 ,suggestions for the ,study of ,arithmetic ,by ,,ernest ,l4 ,,crandall ,former ,civil ,service ,examiner ,there are certain 8standard errors10 so to speak1 that the unsuccessful candidate makes nine times out of ten1 and if these are eliminated every one1 with a little practice1 may put himself in line for #ajj per cent4 ,while the examples may take the form of 8problems10 the only processes involved will be simple addition1 subtraction1 multiplication and division--no fractions or decimals4 ,in addition there is but one thing to be observed4 ,if your numbers are not all of equal length arrange them so that the last figures are all in the same column4 ,suppose you have to add #ceg1hef1 #g1eif1 #deb and #bi1cfj4 ,following are the right and wrong ways to arrange them3 ,right way4 ,wrong way4 #ceg1hef #ceghef #g1eif #geif #deb #deb #bi1cfj #bicfj ------- ------ ,this arrangement is necessary because of the inherent properties of numbers as expressed in figures1 under what we call our decimal system1 which means simply the practice we have adopted of expressing our numbers in multiples of ten4 ,this arose from the fact that we happen to be born with ten fingers1 and our ancestors1 like our children1 learned to count by means of those very useful 8markers40 ,in the system of counting every place1 or column1 counting from the right1 has a value ten times greater than the one in the place or column nearest on the right4 ,thus in the number #cf1edb the first figure on the right represents 8ones10 the next ten times as much or 8tens10 the next ten times as much again or 8hundreds10 and so on4 ,we really read this number backward when we name it1 for in handling it in any way we have to start with the last figure1 representing the 8ones40 ,the number really means two ones1 four tens1 five hundreds1 six thousands and three ten thousands4 ,it is built up this way1 really by addition3 #b #dj #ejj #fjjj #cjjjj ------ #cf1edb ,now1 this principle underlies the processes called 8carrying0 and 8borrowing40 ,you wish to add #bf and #cg4 ,adding the #f ones to the #g you get #ac ones1 or #c ones and #a ten4 ,so you 8carry0 that #a ten to the column where it belongs1 leaving the #c ones in their proper column4 ,thus1 in your tens column you have #b tens plus #c tens plus the #a ten 8carried10 which makes #f tens2 and your result is #fc1 or #f tens and #c ones4 ,again1 you want to subtract #ai from #ch4 ,as you cannot take #i from #h1 you 8borrow0 one of the #c tens1 making your #h into #ah and subtract #i from that1 leaving #i4 ,by so doing you have left but #b tens in your tens column1 and so there your subtraction is now from #b1 leaving #a4 ,hence your result is #i ones and #a ten1 or #ai4 ,here is an example in subtraction which was once used1 and which is as likely to trip one up as any that could be set4 ,subtract #aii1iii from #cbj1jab4 ,the result is as follows3 #cbj1jab #aii1iii ------- #abj1jac ,now1 you cannot take #i from #b1 so you 8borrow0 one from the left and make your two #ab4 ,then #i from #ab leaves #c4 ,in borrowing from the left you reduce the #a in the tens column to #j4 ,as you cannot take #i from #j1 you must again borrow from the left4 ,but what are you to borrow from8 ,in the third1 or hundreds column there is only a #j4 ,hence1 before you can borrow from this column you must make this #j a #aj by borrowing from the fourth1 or thousands column 7counting your columns always from the right74 ,but again here you find only a #j1 and so before you can make even this 8borrow0 you must borrow one from the #b in the ten thousands column4 ,now see what happens4 ,with the one which you have finally borrowed you have made the #j left in the second or tens column into a #aj1 and you take #i from #aj1 which leaves #a4 ,now1 here is where you forget something4 ,when you started out to 8borrow0 you had to go away over to the #b in the fifth column2 that made your #j in the fourth column a #aj1 but you immediately passed this one on to the third column1 which left only #i2 again you passed it on from the third to the second column1 which left only a #i in the third column4 ,hence you have now a #i in the third and in the fourth columns1 and your results there will be in each case #i from #i leaves #j4 ,coming to the fifth you have a #a instead of a #b1 having borrowed #a2 and you have to borrow again from the #c to make your #a into an #aa1 obtaining #i from #aa leaves #b2 and your sixth and last figure1 being reduced from #c to #b1 your last result is #a from #b leaves #a4 ,this last part is easy1 but one out of practice is almost certain to forget that his #j's in the third and fourth columns became #i's4 ,if you have any difficulty with subtraction1 study out the processes in this example until you understand them and you will never make a mistake again4 ,now1 as to the shape in which the examples will be given3 ,the plain problems in addition will be unmistakable4 ,you will be told that a concern sold #bg1cef barrels of flour in one month1 #ch1deb the next1 etc41 and you cannot well run off the track4 ,but you may find both processes involved in one 8problem10 and you must then be careful to understand just what is meant by the question1 so that you will know what you are expected to do with the figures4 ,take this1 for example3 8,a had #c1dfe and ,b #d1hie4 ,a gained #a1adf and ,b lost #fjb4 ,which then had the more1 and how much80 ,here you must add ,a's gain to his principal--that is1 the sum he had to start with--and subtract ,b's loss from his principal2 then subtract the smaller result from the larger1 stating which is the 8winner40 ,thus3 #c1dfe #d1hie #d1faa #a1adf #fjb #d1bic ------ ------ ------ #d1faa #d1bic #cah ,answer4--,a has #cah more4 ,when it comes to multiplication and division1 there is just one 8catch10 so it might appear to the untrained mind of some poor candidate1 which is made to play a part in nearly every problem4 ,it is safe to say that #ij per cent4 of the failures on these two processes turn on this one point4 ,it is a very simple one and really the same in both processes4 ,it arises in the handling of the 8naught0 or 8cipher10 as we used to call it1 the 8zero0--call it what you like1 it is nothing1 anyhow4 ,and that's the point to be remembered4 ,here is an example3 ,multiply #c1abe by #bjh4 ,now it seems almost incredible1 but ,i have seen literally hundreds of papers1 it seems to me1 where this very simple problem was worked out this way3 ,the ,wrong ,way4 #c1abe #bjh ------ #bejjj #cabe #fbej ------ #fhabej ,or else this3 ,another ,wrong ,way4 #cabe #bjh ----- #bejjj #fbej ----- #hgejj ,the trouble is that when the poor fellow came to multiply by the 8naught0 he forgot in the first instance that it was nothing1 and that the biggest number in the world multiplied by nothing will produce nothing4 ,he knew that something ought to go down there1 and so in sheer desperation he wrote down the number he was multiplying4 ,in the second instance1 while he recognized that nothing is nothing1 he forgot that all our figuring is done by columns1 as we saw in our last lesson2 so that when we are multiplying by tens we must put our first figure down in the hundreds column1 and so on4 ,by forgetting this he multiplied his number by two hundreds1 but put his first figure down in the tens columns1 and thus he really multiplied by only #bh instead of #bjh4 ,now1 the very simplest way to avoid this sort of mistake is to 8go through the motions0 of multiplying by the 8naught0 or 8zero40 ,thus3 ,the ,right ,way4 #c1abe #bjh ------ #bejjj #jjjj #fbej ------- #fej1jjj ,this looks a little clumsy1 perhaps1 but it is the logical way--to go through the process of saying naught times #e is naught1 naught times #b is naught1 etc41 putting down the results in the proper columns4 ,it is the safest way1 if you are the least bit weak on the principles of numbers1 to do even the process of multiplying by whole hundreds4 ,thus3 #c1abe #bjj ------ #jjjj #jjjj #fbej ------- #fbe1jjj ,by writing his example in the 8short cut0 style ,i have seen many a man make this mistake3 ,wrong4 #c1abe #bjj ----- #fbejj ,that is1 after setting down his two surplus ciphers1 when he obtained another in multiplying #e by #b1 he forgot that it was a new one and went right on to the next process4 ,if you are in that position that you must really learn your arithmetic all over again1 stick to the logical method of showing every process and learn the 8short cuts0 afterward4 ,now1 when the reverse situation arises in division1 a similar error is of frequent occurrence4 ,suppose we are to divide #fej1jjj by #c1abe4 ,this sometimes results3 ,the ,wrong ,way4 #c1abe7fej1jjj7bh #fbe #j ----- #be1jjj #be1jjj ,that is1 the figurer1 when he came to try to divide #b1ejj by #c1abe1 realizing that it would not 8go10 simply 8brought down0 another figure4 ,he forgot that the real mental process was #c1abe goes into #b1ejj no times1 or produces 8naught10 and that 8naught10 or 8cipher10 must be set down in the proper tens column4 ,the only safe way1 again1 is to indicate every process2 to 8bring down0 but one figure at a time and to set down every result1 even the 8nothings10 in its proper place4 ,that will make our example look like this3 ,the ,right ,way4 #c1abe7fej1jjj7bjh #fbe #j #be #jj #jj #jj ------ #be #jjj #be #jjj ,very simple1 but let me 8whisper10 if you really master and understand the mysteries of 8long division10 you have crossed the ,rubicon of education4 ,there is no door in all human learning that need remain forever sealed to a persistent mind that has truly found its way clearly and understandingly through this first great stumbling block4 ,ask any old-fashioned school teacher to dispute that proposition4 ,and1 8whisper0 again1 there are men counting coupons who can do long division1 to be sure1 but who could not tell you why it is done as it is1 if the price of stocks depended on it4 ,punctuation4 ,punctuation is a system of marks the purpose of which is to indicate to the eye the relation of words to one another in meaning1 and so the relative importance of the component parts of a written composition4 ,the marks of ,punctuation1 corresponding1 for the most part1 to pauses in spoken language1 are the comma 7171 the period 7471 the note of interrogation 7871 the note of exclamation 7671 the colon 7371 the semi-colon 7271 the dash 7--71 parentheses 7 71 brackets 1 quotation marks 78 071 and the hyphen 7-74 ,purpose of ,punctuation4--,to make a written composition clear and intelligent1 and to facilitate the task of reading4 ,avoid ,all ,unnecessary ,remarks4--,in modern writings punctuation marks are less frequently used than they were among writers in the early part of the last century4 ,a sentence consisting of a simple subject1 a simple predicate1 and a simple object1 or the relation of whose parts is clearly intelligible without marks1 should not be encumbered with any4 ,take1 for instance1 the following two sentences3 8,the attack was prepared with impenetrable secrecy40 8,on the very morning of the massacre they were in the houses and at the tables of those whose deaths they were plotting40 ,comma4--,three or more words of the same part of speech not connected by conjunctions should be separated from one another by commas4 8,he was strong1 alert1 active40 8,new ,york ,city is grand1 immense1 beautiful40 ,two words contrasted with one another are separated by a comma4 8,he is slow1 but sure40 ,words in a series of pairs should be separated by a comma4 8,young and old1 strong and weak1 fair and dark1 good and bad40 ,explanatory and parenthetical words or phrases 7such as 8therefore10 8moreover10 8indeed10 8however10 8in fact10 8to some extent10 etc471 inserted into the body of a sentence are usually marked off by commas4 ,a comma is inserted after the name of a person or thing addressed4 8,john1 you were mistaken40 8,my country1 ,i am proud of thee40 ,period4--,the period 747 is put at the end of every complete sentence that is not exclamatory or interrogative4 ,it is also used as a part of every abbreviation1 and after every initial letter standing in place of the full word in a name4 8,a4 ,m40 7for ,master of ,arts71 8,mr40 7for ,mister71 8,esq40 7for ,esquire71 8,r4 ,w4 ,emerson0 7for ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson71 8,dr40 7for doctor74 ,note of ,interrogation4--,the note of interrogation 787 should follow every direct question3 8,are you coming80 8,shall ,i buy it80 ,an interrogation point does not1 however1 follow an indirect question1 such as 8,let me know what he says40 ,note of ,exclamation4--,the note of exclamation 767 follows an exclamation1 or any series of words denoting an outburst of feeling4 8,alas60 8,three cheers60 8,hurrah60 ,colon4--,the colon 737 is used to divide from one another the several co-ordinate members of a compound sentence1 when they might each of them form an independent sentence1 but are ranged side by side in a compound sentence for the sake of better showing how they illustrate one another4 8,new ,york is a wonderful city3 ,the wealthiest in ,america40 ,a quotation or enumeration of details is often preceded by a colon4 8,he spoke as follows30 8,his last words were30 8,among those present were30 ,semi-,colon4--,the semi-colon 727 separates co-ordinate sentences more dependent on one another than are those parted by the colon4 8,where it is prescribed that an act is to be done2 or that the adverse party has a specified time to do an act2 if service required is doubly the time allowed2 except that10 etc4 ,in sentences containing two sets of subjects and predicates where either clause is very long or contains a subordinate clause1 it is well to use a semi-colon4 ,parentheses4--,parentheses 77 are used to enclose words or phrases in a sentence1 inserted by way of explanation or comment1 but lying outside of the construction of the sentence3 8,you see 7as ,i predicted would be the case7 ,i have had a long journey for nothing40 ,dash4--,the dash 7--7 denotes1 in most cases1 a sudden digression from the general run of the sentence3 8,i want to tell you--but first let us go into the house40 ,sometimes the dash takes the place of the parentheses1 when the clause1 though digressive1 bears some relation to the context4 ,brackets4--,brackets are used to isolate interpolated words from the passage in which they are used3 8,the examiner said that if they the candidates were discovered talking with each other he the examiner would have them the candidates expelled from the room40 ,hyphen4--,a hyphen 7-7 is used1 first to connect the part of a word at the end of a line with the remaining letters or syllables of the word beginning the next line2 second1 to conjoin two or more words into a compound word2 as1 8a never-to-be-forgotten day20 8long-winded10 etc4 ,the part of a word to which the hyphen is attached should be an integral part2 that is1 an entire syllable1 and not merely certain letters composing only a part of a syllable4 ,quotation ,marks4--,quotation marks 7807 are used to distinguish a word1 phrase1 clause1 sentence1 or passage taken word for word1 from any source outside that of the writing into which it is inserted4 ,a quotation within a quotation is marked off only by a single inverted comma before and after it4 ,but a quotation within the second quotation requires double marks4 ,a passage quoted1 not word for word1 but only in substance1 is often distinguished by but one quotation mark before and after it4 ,capital ,letters4--,in examinations containing papers the rating of which is determined in part by correctness in the use of capital letters the average candidate is usually at a disadvantage4 ,the following rules1 if committed to memory1 will enable the candidate to avoid errors which1 if made1 might cause him to fail in the examination4 ,the first word of every sentence should begin with a capital letter4 ,the days of the week1 the months of the year1 and holidays4 ,the names of places and countries2 as1 ,england1 ,yonkers1 ,belmont ,park1 etc4 ,the names of ,states1 ,mountains1 ,rivers and ,lakes4 ,all words used to signify the ,deity2 as1 ,he1 ,him1 ,his1 ,thou1 ,thee1 ,thine1 etc4 ,the names of persons1 the titles of persons1 and the titles of books2 as1 ,john ,brown1 ,lord ,salisbury1 ,senator ,mitchell1 8,the ,marble ,faun40 ,the first word in every line of poetry4 ,the pronoun ,i1 and the exclamation ,o1 or ,oh4 ,the first word of a direct quotation should also begin with a capital2 as1 8,to thine own self be true40 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,how ,,competitors ,,are ,,judged4 ,methods by ,which the ,examiners ,keep ,candidates' ,identity ,secret4 ,after the examination1 which is conducted with the most scrupulous care to guard against favoritism or fraud1 the local examiners arrange the papers by sheets or subjects and all are forwarded under seal to the ,united ,states ,commission4 ,when they are reached in the order of rating1 they are distributed by sheets to the examiners1 ,examiner ,a being given all of sheets #a1 ,examiner ,b all of sheets #b1 ,examiner ,c all of sheets #c1 and so on1 the sheets being distributed to as many examiners as there are subjects in the particular examination to be rated4 ,after the papers are rated in the first instance they are redistributed1 and the first rating is reviewed by other examiners4 ,when all of the papers of an examination have been rated and reviewed1 those of each competitor are then1 for the first time1 assembled or brought together1 his average percentage is ascertained1 his declaration envelope is opened1 and the declaration sheet to which he has signed his name is attached to his examination papers4 ,the identity of the competitor1 therefore1 is not disclosed until his papers have been rated and reviewed and his average percentage determined4 ,as the charges for specific errors are all fixed by the rules for rating1 and as each subject is rated by two examiners acting separately and then reviewed by both jointly1 it will be seen that absolute impartiality1 accuracy and uniformity are secured in the work4 ,appeals from the ratings are sometimes made by competitors1 but the prospect of securing a higher rating is very remote4 ,errors on the part of examiners in making charges are seldom found1 as the work of each examiner is verified and checked in every particular by another4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,eligible ,,register4 ,how ,names ,are ,placed on ,eligible ,list and ,mode of ,certification to ,postmasters4 ,usually it takes from three to six months to rate all papers after an examination4 ,candidates that make #gj per cent4 or over are then notified of their relative standing4 ,the period of eligibility for original appointments is one year from the date of entering the name on the register4 ,when a name has been placed upon a register it is not disturbed until a postmaster calls for a list of eligibles4 ,then the proper number of names are certified to him and he chooses those he needs4 ,the names of all others are returned to the eligible register to await further certifications4 ,in making appointments the postmaster has the privilege of selecting one out of three down the list3 ,if he had but one vacancy he could select the third name1 but could not take the fourth2 he also is permitted to appoint in regular order straight down the list1 if he so choose4 ,the probationary period for letter carriers and clerks begins upon their promotion to the regular force and not at the date of original appointment as substitutes4 ,the period of probation is limited to six months and cannot be extended4 ,at its close a probationer must either be absolutely appointed or dismissed4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,rules ,,for ,,rating4 ,formula by ,which ,percentage ,is ,attained and ,credited to the ,competitor4 ,all examination papers are rated according to the following rules3 ,every correct answer1 #ajj4 ,every faulty answer according to its value on a scale of #ajj and deduct the sum of the error marks of each answer from #ajj4 ,the difference between the sum of the error marks of each answer and #ajj will be the mark of the answer4 ,rules for ,rating ,spelling4 ,from #ajj deduct-- #a4 ,for each error in spelling when the exercise consists of #bj words #e #b4 ,for each error in capitalization #a #c4 ,for each failure to use or for each wrong use of the hyphen and for each improper division of a word into a compound word when required to be written solid #b ,rules for ,rating ,arithmetic4 ,from #ajj deduct-- #a4 ,for each wrong process1 producing incorrect result1 in proportion to the number of steps involved and gravity of error #aj to #ajj #b4 ,for decimal error and for each evasion of a decimal or common fraction test #be #c4 ,for each error in computation or in copying from the printed question or from work #aj #d4 ,for minor errors1 such as wrong indication of a correct process1 incorrect or inconsistent punctuation1 improper use of symbols of designation1 improper or incorrect designation of a partial or final results1 etc4 #e to #aj #e4 ,for failure to show work1 as required in solution of problems #be to #ge ,rules for ,rating ,letter ,writing4 ,in rating the letter1 its errors in form and address1 in spelling1 capitalization1 punctuation1 syntax and style1 and its adherence to and treatment of the subject given1 are considered1 and its value1 in the judgment of the examiners1 determined on a scale of #ajj4 ,in determining the mark for letter writing it is proper for the examiner to be guided in a general way by the following scheme3 ,excellent1 #ie to #ij2 good1 #ij to #hj2 fair1 #hj to #gj2 ordinary1 #gj to #fj2 poor1 #fj to #ej2 very poor1 #ej to #be2 practically worthless1 #be to #j4 ,rules for ,rating ,penmanship4 ,penmanship is rated according to its value on a scale of #ajj4 ,in determining the rating1 legibility1 neatness and general appearance1 as well as correctness and uniformity in the formation of words1 letters and punctuation marks1 are considered1 and it is proper for examiners to be guided in a general way by the following scheme3 ,excellent1 #ij to #he2 very good1 #he to #hj2 good1 #hj to #ge2 ordinary1 #ge to #gj2 poor1 #gj to #fe2 very poor1 #fe to #ej2 below the grade of 8very poor10 #ej to #aj4 ,rules for ,rating ,copying from ,plain ,copy4 ,from #ajj deduct-- #a4 ,for each word or figure omitted1 repeated1 substituted1 or improperly inserted #e #b4 ,for each error in spelling1 for each transposition1 for each abbreviation not in the copy1 for each failure to capitalize according to copy1 for each failure to punctuate according to copy1 for each failure to indent margin as in copy1 for each error in paragraphing1 and for irregularity in left-hand margin #e #c4 ,for each misdivision of a word at the end of a line1 for each omission or improper use of the hyphen in dividing a word at the end of a line1 for each word altered1 interlined1 or canceled1 for each blot or minor erasure1 if not neat #a #d4 ,for any other deviation from copy not covered by the foregoing1 charges are made in the discretion of the examiners4 ,rules for ,rating ,reading ,addresses4 ,the rating on this subject is for accuracy only4 ,a charge is made for each error or omission in noting the errors on the printed sheet1 when compared with the correct written addresses given4 ,the difference between the sum of the errors thus found and #ajj is the rating on this subject4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,district ,,regulations4 ,,rules ,,governing ,,examinations4 ,competitors ,required to ,state ,clearly ,whether ,they ,desire ,eligibility for ,clerk or ,carrier4 ,there are in the ,united ,states1 thirteen ,united ,states ,civil ,service ,districts1 and in each1 examinations for letter carrier and clerk are held yearly4 ,,the ,,chief has obtained from the ,united ,states ,civil ,service ,commission the regulations governing the examinations in each district1 the post offices for which examinations may be taken1 the rules relative to the registers for clerk or carrier in each district1 the approximate dates when examinations are held and whether or not more than one examination may be taken in the same ,civil ,service district4 ,intending competitors should read carefully the section covering their particular district1 so as to know whether their names can be placed on the carrier and clerk register1 or only on one4 ,there is some difference in the regulations covering this part of the requirements1 but the rules for the examination proper1 as given in the preceding pages1 are uniform all over the country4 ,,first ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,at the following named offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,boston1 ,mass42 ,brockton1 ,mass42 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h42 ,fall ,river1 ,mass42 ,gloucester1 ,mass42 ,hartford1 ,conn42 ,haverhill1 ,mass42 ,holyoke1 ,mass42 ,lawrence1 ,mass42 ,lowell1 ,mass42 ,lynn1 ,mass42 ,new ,bedford1 ,mass42 ,newton ,center1 ,mass42 ,pawtucket1 ,r4 ,i42 ,portland1 ,me42 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i42 ,quincy1 ,mass42 ,salem1 ,mass42 ,springfield1 ,mass42 ,taunton1 ,mass42 ,waltham1 ,mass42 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,note #a4--,no change in the designation of the register will be made after the date set for the close of receipt of applications4 ,the name of each male eligible for any post office not mentioned above is entered on both the male clerk register and the carrier register1 and will be certified in its order to vacancies occurring in either the position of male clerk or carrier1 without regard to any choice of position expressed by the eligible in his application4 ,male eligibles will be entitled to three certifications from the male clerk register and three certifications from the carrier register4 ,failure of selection from one register or declination of appointment when selected will not affect the eligible's standing on the other register4 ,appointment from either register will remove the eligible's name from both registers4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,augusta1 ,me42 ,bangor1 ,me42 ,boston1 ,mass42 ,brockton1 ,mass42 ,burlington1 ,vt42 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h42 ,fall ,river1 ,mass42 ,fitchburg1 ,mass42 ,gloucester1 ,mass42 ,hartford1 ,conn42 ,haverhill1 ,mass42 ,holyoke1 ,mass42 ,lawrence1 ,mass42 ,lowell1 ,mass42 ,lynn1 ,mass42 ,manchester1 ,n4 ,h42 ,new ,britain1 ,conn42 ,new ,bedford1 ,mass42 ,new ,london1 ,conn42 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i42 ,newton ,center1 ,mass42 ,norwich1 ,conn42 ,pawtucket1 ,r4 ,i42 ,pittsfield1 ,mass42 ,portland1 ,me42 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i42 ,quincy1 ,mass42 ,salem1 ,mass42 ,springfield1 ,mass42 ,taunton1 ,mass42 ,waltham1 ,mass42 ,waterville1 ,me42 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary1 ,board of ,united ,states ,civil ,service ,examiners1 room #ada1 post office1 ,boston1 ,mass41 or from the local secretary at the office where employment is desired4 ,applications when executed must be filed with the secretary of the board at ,boston1 ,mass41 prior to #d p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,adams1 ,mass42 ,amesbury1 ,mass42 ,amherst1 ,mass42 ,andover1 ,mass42 ,athol1 ,mass42 ,attleboro1 ,mass42 ,auburn1 ,me42 ,bar ,harbor1 ,me42 ,barre1 ,vt42 ,bath1 ,me42 ,belfast1 ,me42 ,bellows ,falls1 ,vt42 ,bennington1 ,vt42 ,beverly1 ,mass42 ,biddeford1 ,me42 ,brattleboro1 ,vt42 ,bristol1 ,conn42 ,bristol1 ,r4 ,i42 ,brunswick1 ,me42 ,camden1 ,me42 ,central ,falls1 ,r4 ,i42 ,chicopee1 ,mass42 ,chicopee ,falls1 ,mass42 ,claremont1 ,n4 ,h42 ,clinton1 ,mass42 ,concord ,junction1 ,mass42 ,danvers1 ,mass42 ,ware1 ,mass42 ,watertown1 ,mass42 ,webster1 ,mass42 ,wellesley1 ,mass42 ,westbrook1 ,me42 ,dedham1 ,mass42 ,dover1 ,n4 ,h42 ,easthampton1 ,mass42 ,east ,providence1 ,r4 ,i42 ,exeter1 ,n4 ,h42 ,franklin1 ,mass42 ,franklin ,falls1 ,n4 ,h42 ,gardner1 ,mass42 ,gardiner1 ,me42 ,great ,barrington1 ,mass42 ,greenfield1 ,mass42 ,houlton1 ,me42 ,hudson1 ,mass42 ,hyde ,park1 ,mass42 ,keene1 ,n4 ,h42 ,laconia1 ,n4 ,h42 ,leominster1 ,mass42 ,lewiston1 ,me42 ,marblehead1 ,mass42 ,marlboro1 ,mass42 ,medford1 ,mass42 ,melrose1 ,mass42 ,middleboro1 ,mass42 ,middletown1 ,conn42 ,milford1 ,mass42 ,montepelier1 ,vt42 ,nashua1 ,n4 ,h42 ,westboro1 ,mass42 ,westerly1 ,r4 ,i42 ,westfield1 ,mass42 ,west ,medford1 ,mass42 ,williamantic1 ,conn42 ,natick1 ,mass42 ,north ,adams1 ,mass42 ,north ,attleboro1 ,mass42 ,northampton1 ,mass42 ,norwood1 ,mass42 ,orange1 ,mass42 ,peabody1 ,mass42 ,plymouth1 ,mass42 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h42 ,putnam1 ,conn42 ,reading1 ,mass42 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,h42 ,rockland1 ,me42 ,rockville1 ,conn42 ,rumford ,falls1 ,me42 ,rutland1 ,vt42 ,skowhegan1 ,me42 ,somersworth1 ,n4 ,h42 ,southbridge1 ,mass42 ,south ,framingham1 ,mass42 ,south ,weymouth1 ,mass42 ,st4 ,albans1 ,vt42 ,st4 ,johnsbury1 ,vt42 ,stoneham1 ,mass42 ,torrington1 ,conn42 ,wakefield1 ,mass42 ,winchester1 ,mass42 ,winsted1 ,conn42 ,woburn1 ,mass42 ,woonsocket1 ,r4 ,i4 ,note #b4--;,any person may at the same time be an applicant for1 or eligible from examination for more than one post office4 ,whenever a person whose name is upon more than one register is appointed from one of such registers1 his eligibility on all registers shall expire by reason of such appointment4 ,he may1 however1 upon his written request1 at any time within the period for which eligibility would continue if not canceled by appointment1 have his eligibility revived on one or more of such registers for the balance of such period of eligibility4 ,,second ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,no person may at the same time be an applicant for1 or eligible from examination for more than one post office in this district1 except when special examinations are ordered to secure sufficient eligibles4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier4 ,no change in the designation of the register will be made after the date of the examination3 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y42 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,bridgeport1 ,conn42 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y42 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y42 ,east ,orange1 ,n4 ,j42 ,elizabeth1 ,n4 ,j42 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y42 ,flushing1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j42 ,jamaica1 ,n4 ,y42 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,long ,island ,city1 ,n4 ,y42 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j42 ,new ,haven1 ,conn42 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y42 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j42 ,paterson1 ,n4 ,j42 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y42 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y42 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y42 ,troy1 ,n4 ,y42 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y42 ,waterbury1 ,conn42 ,yonkers1 ,n4 ,y4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held in ,november or ,december3 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y42 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y42 ,binghamton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,bridgeport1 ,conn42 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y42 ,danbury1 ,conn42 ,east ,orange1 ,n4 ,j42 ,elizabeth1 ,n4 ,j42 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j42 ,ithaca1 ,n4 ,y42 ,jamestown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,kingston1 ,n4 ,y42 ,locksport1 ,n4 ,y42 ,long ,island ,city1 ,n4 ,y42 ,meriden1 ,conn42 ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j42 ,morristown1 ,n4 ,j42 ,mount ,vernon1 ,n4 ,y42 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j42 ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y42 ,new ,haven1 ,conn42 ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y42 ,niagara ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j42 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j42 ,paterson1 ,n4 ,j42 ,plainfield1 ,n4 ,j42 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y42 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y42 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y42 ,saratoga ,springs1 ,n4 ,y42 ,stamford1 ,conn42 ,stapleton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y42 ,troy1 ,n4 ,y42 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y42 ,waterbury1 ,n4 ,y42 ,watertown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,yonkers1 ,n4 ,y4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained from the local secretary at the office where employment is desired1 or from the ,secretary of the ,board of ,civil ,service ,examiners1 ,custom ,house1 ,new ,york ,city1 and should be properly executed and filed with the secretary of the board at the ,custom ,house in ,new ,york ,city between the #ast of ,july and the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications presented at other times will be returned to the applicants4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,albion1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ansonia1 ,conn42 ,arlington1 ,n4 ,j42 ,batavia1 ,n4 ,y42 ,balston ,spa1 ,n4 ,y42 ,bath1 ,n4 ,y42 ,bayonne1 ,n4 ,j42 ,bloomfield1 ,n4 ,j42 ,brockport1 ,n4 ,y42 ,canandaigua1 ,n4 ,y42 ,canajoharie1 ,n4 ,y42 ,canastota1 ,n4 ,y42 ,carthage1 ,n4 ,y42 ,catskill1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cohoes1 ,n4 ,y42 ,corning1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cortland1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cooperstown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,cranford1 ,n4 ,j42 ,dansville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,derby1 ,conn42 ,dover1 ,n4 ,j42 ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y42 ,east ,aurora1 ,n4 ,y42 ,englewood1 ,n4 ,j42 ,far ,rockaway1 ,n4 ,y42 ,fort ,plain1 ,n4 ,y42 ,fredonia1 ,n4 ,y42 ,fulton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,glens ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 ,gouverneur1 ,n4 ,y42 ,greenwich1 ,conn42 ,hempstead1 ,n4 ,y42 ,herkimer1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hoosick ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hornellsville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ilion1 ,n4 ,y42 ,irvington1 ,n4 ,y42 ,johnstown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,leroy1 ,n4 ,y42 ,little ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lyons1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lestershire1 ,n4 ,y42 ,liberty1 ,n4 ,y42 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y42 ,madison1 ,n4 ,j42 ,malone1 ,n4 ,y42 ,mamaroneck1 ,n4 ,y42 ,medina1 ,n4 ,y42 ,middletown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,mechanicsville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,naugatuck1 ,conn42 ,newark1 ,n4 ,y42 ,new ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,newton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,no4 ,tonawanda1 ,n4 ,y42 ,norwalk1 ,conn42 ,norwich1 ,n4 ,y42 ,nyack1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ogdensburg1 ,n4 ,y42 ,olean1 ,n4 ,y42 ,oneida1 ,n4 ,y42 ,oneonta1 ,n4 ,y42 ,ossining1 ,n4 ,y42 ,owego1 ,n4 ,y42 ,palmyra1 ,n4 ,y42 ,patchogue1 ,n4 ,y42 ,peekskill1 ,n4 ,y42 ,penn ,yan1 ,n4 ,y42 ,plattsburg1 ,n4 ,y42 ,port ,chester1 ,n4 ,y42 ,port ,jervis1 ,n4 ,y42 ,port ,richmond1 ,n4 ,y42 ,potsdam1 ,n4 ,y42 ,rahway1 ,n4 ,j42 ,rome1 ,n4 ,y42 ,rosebank1 ,n4 ,y42 ,rutherford1 ,n4 ,j42 ,salamanca1 ,n4 ,y42 ,sandyhill1 ,n4 ,y42 ,saugerties1 ,n4 ,y42 ,seneca ,falls1 ,n4 ,y42 ,south ,norwalk1 ,conn42 ,south ,orange1 ,n4 ,j42 ,summit1 ,n4 ,j42 ,tarrytown1 ,n4 ,y42 ,tompkinsville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,tonawanda1 ,n4 ,y42 ,wallingford1 ,conn42 ,waverly1 ,n4 ,y42 ,weehawken1 ,n4 ,j42 ,wellsville1 ,n4 ,y42 ,westfield1 ,n4 ,j42 ,west ,hoboken1 ,n4 ,j42 ,west ,new ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y42 ,white ,plains1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,third ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,for the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier4 ,allegheny1 ,pa42 ,altoona1 ,pa42 ,atlantic ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,camden1 ,n4 ,j42 ,chester1 ,pa42 ,erie1 ,pa42 ,harrisburg1 ,pa42 ,lancaster1 ,pa42 ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 ,pittsburg1 ,pa42 ,reading1 ,pa42 ,scranton1 ,pa42 ,trenton1 ,pa42 ,trenton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,wilkes-,barre1 ,pa442 ,wilmington1 ,del42 ,york1 ,pa4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,allegheny1 ,pa42 ,allentown1 ,pa42 ,altoona1 ,pa42 ,atlantic ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,camden1 ,n4 ,j42 ,chester1 ,pa42 ,easton1 ,pa42 ,erie1 ,pa42 ,harrisburg1 ,pa42 ,johnstown1 ,pa42 ,lancaster1 ,pa42 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j42 ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 ,pittsburg1 ,pa42 ,reading1 ,pa42 ,scranton1 ,pa42 ,trenton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,williamsport1 ,pa42 ,wilmington1 ,del42 ,york1 ,pa4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary1 ,third ,united ,states ,civil ,service ,district1 room #b1 fourth floor1 ,post ,office ,building1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the application when executed must be filed with the district secretary at ,philadelphia1 prior to #d4cj p4 m41 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time are filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,dover1 ,del42 ,asbury ,park1 ,n4 ,j42 ,bridgeton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,burlington1 ,n4 ,j42 ,cape ,may1 ,n4 ,j42 ,collingswood1 ,n4 ,j42 ,freehold1 ,n4 ,j42 ,gloucester ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,haddonfield1 ,n4 ,j42 ,lakewood1 ,n4 ,j42 ,long ,branch1 ,n4 ,j42 ,merchantville1 ,n4 ,j42 ,millville1 ,n4 ,j42 ,moorestown1 ,n4 ,j42 ,ocean ,city1 ,n4 ,j42 ,ocean ,grove1 ,n4 ,j42 ,perth ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j42 ,phillipsburg1 ,n4 ,j42 ,princeton1 ,n4 ,j42 ,red ,bank1 ,n4 ,j42 ,salem1 ,n4 ,j42 ,somerville1 ,n4 ,j42 ,vineland1 ,n4 ,j42 ,washington1 ,n4 ,j42 ,woodbury1 ,n4 ,j42 ,ambler1 ,pa42 ,beaver ,falls1 ,pa42 ,bellefonte1 ,pa42 ,berwick1 ,pa42 ,bethlehem1 ,pa42 ,bloomsburg1 ,pa42 ,braddock1 ,pa42 ,bradford1 ,pa42 ,bristol1 ,pa42 ,butler1 ,pa42 ,canonsburg1 ,pa42 ,carbondale1 ,pa42 ,carlisle1 ,pa42 ,carnegie1 ,pa42 ,chambersburg1 ,pa42 ,charleroi1 ,pa42 ,clearfield1 ,pa42 ,coattsville1 ,pa42 ,columbia1 ,pa42 ,connelsville1 ,pa42 ,conshohocken1 ,pa42 ,corry1 ,pa42 ,danville1 ,pa42 ,dubois1 ,pa42 ,franklin1 ,pa42 ,gettysburg1 ,pa42 ,greensburg1 ,pa42 ,greenville1 ,pa42 ,hanover1 ,pa42 ,hazleton1 ,pa42 ,homestead1 ,pa42 ,honesdale1 ,pa42 ,huntington1 ,pa42 ,indiana1 ,pa42 ,jeanette1 ,pa42 ,kane1 ,pa42 ,kittanning1 ,pa42 ,lansdowne1 ,pa42 ,latrobe1 ,pa42 ,lebanon1 ,pa42 ,lewisburg1 ,pa42 ,lewiston1 ,pa42 ,lockhaven1 ,pa42 ,mc,keesport1 ,pa42 ,mc,kees ,rocks1 ,pa42 ,mahanoy ,city1 ,pa42 ,meadville1 ,pa42 ,media1 ,pa42 ,milton1 ,pa42 ,monessen1 ,pa42 ,monongahela1 ,pa42 ,mt4 ,carmel1 ,pa42 ,nanticoke1 ,pa42 ,new ,brighton1 ,pa42 ,newcastle1 ,pa42 ,norristown1 ,pa42 ,oil ,city1 ,pa42 ,phillipsburg1 ,pa42 ,phoenixville1 ,pa42 ,pittston1 ,pa42 ,plymouth1 ,pa42 ,pottstown1 ,pa42 ,pottsville1 ,pa42 ,punxsutawney1 ,pa42 ,ridgway1 ,pa42 ,rochester1 ,pa42 ,sayre1 ,pa42 ,scotdale1 ,pa42 ,sewickley1 ,pa42 ,shamokin1 ,pa42 ,sharon1 ,pa42 ,sharpsburg1 ,pa42 ,shenandoah1 ,pa42 ,south ,bethlehem1 ,pa42 ,steelton1 ,pa42 ,sunbury1 ,pa42 ,tarentum1 ,pa42 ,titusville1 ,pa42 ,towanda1 ,pa42 ,tyrone1 ,pa42 ,union ,city1 ,pa42 ,uniontown1 ,pa42 ,vandergrift1 ,pa42 ,warren1 ,pa42 ,washington1 ,pa42 ,wayne1 ,pa42 ,waynesboro1 ,pa42 ,waynesburg1 ,pa42 ,westchester1 ,pa4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,fourth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,baltimore1 ,md42 ,norfolk1 ,va42 ,richmond1 ,va42 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 ,wheeling1 ,va4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,asheville1 ,n4 ,c42 ,baltimore1 ,md42 ,charleston1 ,w4 ,va42 ,parkersburg1 ,w4 ,va42 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c42 ,charlotte1 ,n4 ,c42 ,cumberland1 ,md42 ,greensboro1 ,n4 ,c42 ,lynchburg1 ,va42 ,norfolk1 ,va42 ,roanoke1 ,va42 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 ,wheeling1 ,w4 ,va42 ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c42 ,winston-,salem1 ,n4 ,c4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary of the ,fourth ,district ,examining-,board1 ,civil ,service ,commission1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 or from the auxiliary secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,applications when executed must be filed with the secretary of the board at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c1 prior to #d4cj p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,alexandria1 ,va42 ,annapolis1 ,md42 ,bedford ,city1 ,va42 ,bluefield1 ,w4 ,va42 ,charlottesville1 ,va42 ,clarksburg1 ,w4 ,va42 ,danville1 ,va42 ,durham1 ,n4 ,c42 ,elizabeth ,city1 ,n4 ,c42 ,fairmont1 ,w4 ,va42 ,fayetteville1 ,n4 ,c42 ,frederick1 ,md42 ,fredericksburg1 ,va42 ,goldsboro1 ,n4 ,c42 ,grafton1 ,w4 ,va42 ,hagerstown1 ,md42 ,hampton1 ,va42 ,harrisonburg1 ,va42 ,highpont1 ,n4 ,c42 ,huntington1 ,w4 ,va42 ,manchester1 ,va42 ,martinsburg1 ,w4 ,va42 ,morgantown1 ,w4 ,va42 ,moundsville1 ,w4 ,va42 ,newbern1 ,n4 ,c42 ,newport ,news1 ,va42 ,petersburg1 ,va42 ,portsmouth1 ,pa42 ,salisbury1 ,md42 ,salisbury1 ,n4 ,c42 ,sistersville1 ,w4 ,va42 ,statesville1 ,n4 ,c42 ,staunton1 ,va42 ,westminster1 ,md42 ,winchester1 ,va4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,fifth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,examinations can be taken only in the cities where employment is desired4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,augusta1 ,ga42 ,birmingham1 ,ala42 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c42 ,chattanooga1 ,tenn42 ,knoxville1 ,tenn42 ,memphis1 ,tenn42 ,mobile1 ,ala42 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,augusta1 ,ga42 ,birmingham1 ,ala42 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c42 ,chattanooga1 ,tenn42 ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c42 ,columbus1 ,ga42 ,jackson1 ,miss42 ,jacksonville1 ,fla42 ,knoxville1 ,tenn42 ,macon1 ,ga42 ,memphis1 ,tenn42 ,mobile1 ,ala42 ,montgomery1 ,ala42 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,savannah1 ,ga42 ,tampa1 ,fla42 ,vicksburg1 ,miss4 ,applications may be obtained at any time either from the ,district ,secretary at ,atlanta1 ,ga41 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the application when executed must be filed with the ,district ,secretary at ,atlanta1 ,ga41 prior to #d o'clock p4 m41 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,albany1 ,ga42 ,americus1 ,ga42 ,anderson1 ,s4 ,c42 ,anniston1 ,ala42 ,athens1 ,ga42 ,bessemer1 ,ala42 ,bristol1 ,tenn42 ,brunswick1 ,ga42 ,clarksville1 ,tenn42 ,columbia1 ,tenn42 ,columbus1 ,miss42 ,cordele1 ,ga42 ,florence1 ,ala42 ,gadeden1 ,ala42 ,gainesville1 ,fla42 ,greensville1 ,miss42 ,greenville1 ,s4 ,c42 ,greenville1 ,tenn42 ,harriman1 ,tenn42 ,hattiesburg1 ,miss42 ,huntsville1 ,ala42 ,jackson1 ,tenn42 ,johnson ,city1 ,tenn42 ,key ,west1 ,fla42 ,meridian1 ,miss42 ,miami1 ,fla42 ,natchez1 ,miss42 ,ocala1 ,fla42 ,pensacola1 ,fla42 ,rock ,hill1 ,s4 ,c42 ,rome1 ,ga42 ,st4 ,augustine1 ,fla42 ,selma1 ,ala42 ,spartanburg1 ,s4 ,c42 ,sumter1 ,s4 ,c42 ,thomasville1 ,ga42 ,tuscaloosa1 ,ala42 ,valdosta1 ,ga42 ,waycross1 ,ga42 ,yazoo ,city1 ,miss4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,sixth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,akron1 ,o42 ,canton1 ,o42 ,cincinnati1 ,o42 ,cleveland1 ,o42 ,columbus1 ,o42 ,covington1 ,ky42 ,dayton1 ,o42 ,evansville1 ,ind42 ,fort ,wayne1 ,ind41 ,indianapolis1 ,ind42 ,louisville1 ,ky42 ,newport1 ,ky42 ,south ,bend1 ,ind42 ,springfield1 ,o42 ,terre ,haute1 ,ind42 ,toledo1 ,o42 ,youngstown1 ,o4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,akron1 ,o42 ,anderson1 ,ind42 ,ashland1 ,o42 ,canton1 ,o42 ,cincinnati1 ,o42 ,cleveland1 ,o42 ,columbus1 ,o42 ,covington1 ,ky42 ,dayton1 ,o42 ,east ,liverpool1 ,o42 ,elkhart1 ,ind42 ,evansville1 ,ind42 ,fort ,wayne1 ,ind42 ,hamilton1 ,o42 ,indianapolis1 ,ind42 ,lafayette1 ,ind42 ,lexington1 ,ky42 ,lima1 ,o42 ,louisville1 ,ky42 ,mansfield1 ,o42 ,marion1 ,ind42 ,muncie1 ,ind42 ,newport1 ,ky42 ,paducah1 ,ky42 ,richmond1 ,ind42 ,south ,bend1 ,ind42 ,springfield1 ,o42 ,terre ,haute1 ,ind42 ,toledo1 ,o42 ,youngstown1 ,o42 ,zanesville1 ,o4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary1 ,sixth ,u4 ,s4 ,civil ,service ,district1 room #dah1 fourth floor1 ,post ,office1 ,cincinnati1 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the applications when executed must be filed with the ,district ,secretary at ,cincinnati1 prior to #d4cj p4 m41 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next examination4 ,examinations for the following offices will be held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,alexandria1 ,ind42 ,alliance1 ,o42 ,ashland1 ,ky42 ,ashtabula1 ,o42 ,athens1 ,o42 ,attica1 ,ind42 ,barberton1 ,o42 ,bedford1 ,ind42 ,bellaire1 ,o42 ,bellefontaine1 ,o42 ,bloomington1 ,ind42 ,bluffton1 ,ind42 ,bowling ,green1 ,ky42 ,bowling ,green1 ,o42 ,brazil1 ,ind42 ,bucyrus1 ,o42 ,cambridge1 ,o42 ,canal ,dover1 ,o42 ,chillicothe1 ,ind42 ,circleville1 ,o42 ,coshocton1 ,o42 ,crawfordsville1 ,ind42 ,columbia ,city1 ,ind42 ,columbus1 ,ind42 ,connersville1 ,ind42 ,conneaut1 ,o42 ,danville1 ,ky42 ,decatur1 ,ind42 ,defiance1 ,o42 ,delaware1 ,o42 ,elwood1 ,ind42 ,elyria1 ,o42 ,finley1 ,o42 ,fostoria1 ,o42 ,frankfort1 ,ky42 ,frankfort1 ,ind42 ,franklin1 ,ind42 ,fremont1 ,o42 ,galion1 ,o42 ,gallipolis1 ,o42 ,goshen1 ,ind42 ,greencastle1 ,ind42 ,greenfield1 ,ind42 ,greenfield1 ,o42 ,greensburg1 ,ind42 ,greenville1 ,o42 ,hammond1 ,ind42 ,hartford ,city1 ,ind42 ,henderson1 ,ky42 ,hillsboro1 ,o42 ,hopkinsville1 ,ky42 ,huntington1 ,ind42 ,ironton1 ,o42 ,jeffersonville1 ,ind42 ,kendallville1 ,ind42 ,kenton1 ,o42 ,kokoma1 ,ind42 ,lancaster1 ,o42 ,laporte1 ,ind42 ,lebanon1 ,ind42 ,lebanon1 ,o42 ,logansport1 ,ind42 ,lorain1 ,o42 ,madison1 ,ind42 ,marietta1 ,o42 ,marion1 ,o42 ,martinsville1 ,ind42 ,massillon1 ,o42 ,maysville1 ,ky42 ,michigan ,city1 ,ind42 ,middletown1 ,o42 ,mishawaka1 ,ind42 ,mount ,vernon1 ,o42 ,new ,albany1 ,ind42 ,newark1 ,o42 ,newcastle1 ,ind42 ,new ,philadelphia1 ,o42 ,niles1 ,o42 ,noblesville1 ,ind42 ,north ,vernon1 ,ind42 ,norwalk1 ,o42 ,oberlin1 ,o42 ,owensboro1 ,ky42 ,painesville1 ,o42 ,paris1 ,ky42 ,peru1 ,ind42 ,piqua1 ,o42 ,portland1 ,ind42 ,portsmouth1 ,o42 ,princeton1 ,ind42 ,ravenna1 ,o42 ,rushville1 ,ind42 ,st4 ,marys1 ,o42 ,salem1 ,o42 ,sandusky1 ,o42 ,seymour1 ,ind42 ,shelby1 ,o42 ,shelbyville1 ,ind42 ,sidney1 ,o42 ,steubenville1 ,o42 ,tiffin1 ,o42 ,troy1 ,o42 ,union ,city1 ,ind42 ,urbana1 ,o42 ,valparaiso1 ,ind42 ,van ,wert1 ,o42 ,vincennes1 ,ind42 ,wabash1 ,ind42 ,warren1 ,o42 ,warsaw1 ,ind42 ,washington ,court ,house1 ,o42 ,washington1 ,ind42 ,winchester1 ,ind42 ,wooster1 ,o42 ,xenia1 ,o4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,seventh ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier4 ,battle ,creek1 ,mich42 ,chicago1 ,ill42 ,detroit1 ,mich42 ,evanston1 ,ill42 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich42 ,jackson1 ,mich42 ,milwaukee1 ,wis42 ,peoria1 ,ill42 ,racine1 ,wis42 ,rockford1 ,ill42 ,superior1 ,wis4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,aurora1 ,ill42 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mich42 ,battle ,creek1 ,mich42 ,bay ,city1 ,mich42 ,chicago1 ,ill42 ,detroit1 ,mich42 ,elgin1 ,ill42 ,evanston1 ,ill42 ,freeport1 ,ill42 ,galesburg1 ,ill42 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich42 ,green ,bay1 ,wis42 ,jackson1 ,mich42 ,joliet1 ,ill42 ,kalamazoo1 ,mich42 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis42 ,lansing1 ,mich42 ,madison1 ,mich42 ,marshall1 ,mich42 ,milwaukee1 ,wis42 ,moline1 ,ill42 ,muskegon1 ,mich42 ,oak ,park1 ,ill42 ,oshkosh1 ,wis42 ,peoria1 ,ill42 ,port ,huron1 ,mich42 ,racine1 ,wis42 ,rockford1 ,ill42 ,rock ,island1 ,ill42 ,saginaw1 ,mich42 ,superior1 ,wis4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary of the ,seventh ,u4 ,s4 ,civil ,service ,district1 room #da1 second floor1 ,post ,office1 ,chicago1 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the application when executed must be filed with the ,district ,secretary at ,chicago prior to #d4cj p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices will be held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,adrian1 ,mich42 ,albion1 ,mich42 ,alpena1 ,mich42 ,antigo1 ,wis42 ,appleton1 ,wis42 ,ashland1 ,wis42 ,baraboo1 ,wis42 ,batavia1 ,ill42 ,beaver ,dam1 ,wis42 ,beloit1 ,wis42 ,belvidere1 ,ill42 ,benton ,harbor1 ,mich42 ,big ,rapids1 ,mich42 ,blue ,island1 ,ill42 ,cadillac1 ,mich42 ,calumet1 ,mich42 ,charlotte1 ,mich42 ,chicago ,heights1 ,ill42 ,chippewa ,falls1 ,wis42 ,coldwater1 ,mich42 ,de,kalb1 ,ill42 ,divon1 ,ill42 ,dowagiac1 ,mich42 ,dwight1 ,ill42 ,eau ,claire1 ,wis42 ,escanaba1 ,mich42 ,flint1 ,mich42 ,fond du ,lac1 ,wis42 ,fort ,atkinson1 ,wis42 ,galena1 ,ill42 ,hancock1 ,mich42 ,harvey1 ,ill42 ,hastings1 ,mich42 ,hillsdale1 ,mich42 ,holland1 ,mich42 ,ionia1 ,mich42 ,iron ,mountain1 ,mich42 ,ironwood1 ,mich42 ,isthpeming1 ,mich42 ,janesville1 ,wis42 ,kankakee1 ,ill42 ,kenosha1 ,wis42 ,kewanee1 ,ill42 ,la,grange1 ,ill42 ,la,salle1 ,ill42 ,ludington1 ,mich42 ,manitowoc1 ,wis42 ,manistee1 ,mich42 ,marinette1 ,wis42 ,marquette1 ,mich42 ,marshfield1 ,wis42 ,maywood1 ,ill42 ,menasha1 ,wis42 ,mendota1 ,ill42 ,menominee1 ,mich42 ,menomonie1 ,wis42 ,merrill1 ,wis42 ,monmouth1 ,ill42 ,morgan ,park1 ,ill42 ,monroe1 ,mich42 ,mount ,clemens1 ,mich42 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,mich42 ,neenah1 ,wis42 ,niles1 ,mich42 ,ottawa1 ,ill42 ,owosso1 ,mich42 ,peru1 ,ill42 ,petoskey1 ,mich42 ,pontiac1 ,mich42 ,portage1 ,wis42 ,princeton1 ,ill42 ,rhinelander1 ,wis42 ,saginaw-,west ,side1 ,mich42 ,st4 ,charles1 ,ill42 ,st4 ,johns1 ,mich42 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mich42 ,sault ,ste4 ,marie1 ,mich42 ,sheboygan1 ,wis42 ,south ,haven1 ,mich42 ,stevens ,point1 ,wis42 ,sterling1 ,ill42 ,streator1 ,ill42 ,three ,rivers1 ,mich42 ,traverse ,city1 ,mich42 ,watertown1 ,wis42 ,waukegan1 ,ill42 ,waukesha1 ,wis42 ,wausau1 ,wis42 ,wauwatosa1 ,wis42 ,west ,bay ,city1 ,mich42 ,wheaton1 ,ill42 ,white ,water1 ,wis42 ,wyandotte1 ,mich42 ,ypsilanti1 ,mich42 ,zion ,city1 ,ill4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,eighth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,davenport1 ,iowa2 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa2 ,dubuque1 ,iowa2 ,duluth1 ,minn42 ,lincoln1 ,neb42 ,minneapolis1 ,minn42 ,omaha1 ,neb42 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa2 ,south ,omaha1 ,neb42 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,burlington1 ,iowa2 ,cedar ,bluffs1 ,iowa2 ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa2 ,davenport1 ,iowa2 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa2 ,duluth1 ,minn42 ,minneapolis1 ,minn42 ,omaha1 ,neb42 ,ottumwa1 ,iowa2 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa2 ,sioux ,falls1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,south ,omaha1 ,neb42 ,fargo1 ,n4 ,dak42 ,keokuk1 ,iowa2 ,lincoln1 ,neb42 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn42 ,waterloo1 ,iowa2 ,winona1 ,minn42 ,york1 ,neb4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the secretary of the board1 room #ecb1 fifth floor1 ,post ,office1 ,st4 ,paul1 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the application when executed must be filed with the secretary of the board1 room #ecb1 fifth floor1 ,post ,office1 ,st4 ,paul1 prior to #d o'clock p4 m41 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next examination4 ,examinations for the following offices will be held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,aberdeen1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,albert ,lea1 ,minn42 ,ames1 ,iowa2 ,atlantic1 ,iowa2 ,austin1 ,minn42 ,beatrice1 ,neb42 ,bismarck1 ,n4 ,dak42 ,boone1 ,iowa2 ,brainerd1 ,minn42 ,carroll1 ,iowa2 ,cedar ,falls1 ,iowa2 ,centerville1 ,iowa2 ,charles ,city1 ,iowa2 ,cherokee1 ,iowa2 ,clarinda1 ,iowa2 ,clinton1 ,iowa2 ,creston1 ,iowa2 ,crookston1 ,minn42 ,deadwood1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,decorah1 ,iowa2 ,estherville1 ,iowa2 ,fairbury1 ,neb42 ,fairfield1 ,iowa2 ,faribault1 ,minn42 ,fort ,dodge1 ,iowa2 ,fort ,madison1 ,iowa2 ,fergus ,falls1 ,minn42 ,fremont1 ,neb42 ,grand ,forks1 ,n4 ,dak42 ,grand ,island1 ,neb42 ,grinnell1 ,iowa2 ,hastings1 ,neb42 ,huron1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,independence1 ,iowa2 ,iowa ,city1 ,iowa2 ,iowa ,falls1 ,iowa2 ,jamestown1 ,n4 ,dak42 ,kearney1 ,neb42 ,lead1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,lemars1 ,iowa2 ,little ,falls1 ,minn42 ,lyons1 ,iowa2 ,marion1 ,iowa2 ,marshalltown1 ,iowa2 ,mason ,city1 ,iowa2 ,mitchell1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,iowa2 ,muscatine1 ,iowa2 ,nebraska ,city1 ,neb42 ,newton1 ,iowa2 ,norfolk1 ,neb42 ,northfield1 ,minn42 ,oelwein1 ,iowa2 ,osage1 ,iowa2 ,oskaloosa1 ,iowa2 ,owatonna1 ,minn42 ,red ,oak1 ,iowa2 ,red ,wing1 ,minn42 ,rochester1 ,minn42 ,shenandoah1 ,iowa2 ,st4 ,cloud1 ,minn42 ,stillwater1 ,minn42 ,washington1 ,iowa2 ,watertown1 ,s4 ,dak42 ,webster ,city1 ,iowa2 ,lankton1 ,s4 ,dak4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,ninth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo42 ,little ,rock1 ,ark42 ,quincy1 ,ill42 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo42 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo42 ,springfield1 ,ill42 ,topeka1 ,kans4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,atchison1 ,kans42 ,bloomington1 ,ill42 ,danville1 ,ill42 ,decatur1 ,ill42 ,east ,st4 ,louis1 ,ill42 ,fort ,smith1 ,ark42 ,joplin1 ,mo42 ,kansas ,city1 ,kans42 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo42 ,little ,rock1 ,ark42 ,oklahoma1 ,okla42 ,quincy1 ,ill42 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo42 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo42 ,springfield1 ,ill42 ,springfield1 ,mo42 ,topeka1 ,kans42 ,wichita1 ,kans4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary1 ,ninth ,u4 ,s4 ,civil ,service ,district1 ,appraisers' ,stores ,building1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,applications when executed must be filed with the ,district ,secretary at ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 prior to #d4cj p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,abilene1 ,kans42 ,alton1 ,ill42 ,ardmore1 ,ind4 ,t42 ,arkansas ,city1 ,kans42 ,belleville1 ,ill42 ,beloit1 ,ill42 ,cairo1 ,ill42 ,canton1 ,ill42 ,cape ,girardeau1 ,mo42 ,carrolton1 ,mo42 ,carthage1 ,mo42 ,centralia1 ,ill42 ,champaign1 ,ill42 ,chanute1 ,kans42 ,charleston1 ,ill42 ,chillicothe1 ,mo42 ,clay ,center1 ,kans42 ,clinton1 ,ill42 ,clinton1 ,mo42 ,coffeyville1 ,kans42 ,columbia1 ,mo42 ,concordia1 ,kans42 ,elreno1 ,okla42 ,emporia1 ,kans42 ,enid1 ,okla42 ,fayetteville1 ,ark42 ,fort ,scott1 ,kans42 ,fulton1 ,mo42 ,galena1 ,kans42 ,girard1 ,kans42 ,greenville1 ,ill42 ,guthrie1 ,okla42 ,hannibal1 ,mo42 ,helena1 ,ark42 ,hiawatha1 ,kans42 ,hoopeston1 ,ill42 ,hot ,springs1 ,ark42 ,hutchinson1 ,kans42 ,independence1 ,kans42 ,independence1 ,mo42 ,iola1 ,kans42 ,jacksonville1 ,ill42 ,jefferson ,city1 ,mo42 ,jonesboro1 ,ark42 ,junction ,city1 ,kans42 ,kirksville1 ,mo42 ,lawrence1 ,kans42 ,lawton1 ,okla42 ,leavenworth1 ,kans42 ,lincoln1 ,ill42 ,litchfield1 ,ill42 ,louisiana1 ,mo42 ,macomb1 ,ill42 ,macon1 ,mo42 ,marshall1 ,mo42 ,maryville1 ,mo42 ,manhattan1 ,kans42 ,mc,pherson1 ,kans42 ,matoon1 ,ill42 ,muscogee1 ,ind4 ,t42 ,mount ,vernon1 ,ill42 ,mexico1 ,mo42 ,moberly1 ,mo42 ,murphysboro1 ,ill42 ,nevada1 ,mo42 ,newton1 ,kans42 ,olathe1 ,kans42 ,ottawa1 ,kans42 ,pana1 ,ill42 ,paris1 ,ill42 ,parsons1 ,kans42 ,pekin1 ,ill42 ,perry1 ,okla42 ,pine ,bluff1 ,ark42 ,pittsburg1 ,kans42 ,poplar ,bluff1 ,mo42 ,st4 ,charles1 ,mo42 ,salina1 ,kans42 ,sedalia1 ,mo42 ,shawnee1 ,okla42 ,south ,mc,alester1 ,ind4 ,t42 ,taylorville1 ,ill42 ,texarkana1 ,ark42 ,trenton1 ,mo42 ,urbana1 ,ill42 ,warrensburg1 ,mo42 ,webb ,city1 ,mo42 ,wellington1 ,kans42 ,winfield1 ,kans4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,tenth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,examinations for the following offices are held on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,austin1 ,tex42 ,beaumont1 ,tex42 ,dallas1 ,tex42 ,el ,paso1 ,tex42 ,fort ,worth1 ,tex42 ,galveston1 ,tex42 ,houston1 ,tex42 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42 ,san ,antonio1 ,tex42 ,shreveport1 ,la42 ,waco1 ,tex4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the ,secretary1 ,tenth ,civil ,service ,district1 ,custom ,house1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,applications when executed must be filed with the ,district ,secretary at ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 prior to #d4cj p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,dallas1 ,tex42 ,fort ,worth1 ,tex42 ,galveston1 ,tex42 ,houston1 ,tex42 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42 ,san ,antonio1 ,tex4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,abilene1 ,tex42 ,alexandria1 ,la42 ,amarillo1 ,tex42 ,baton ,rouge1 ,la42 ,bonham1 ,tex42 ,cleburne1 ,tex42 ,corsicana1 ,tex42 ,crowley1 ,la42 ,denison1 ,tex42 ,gainesville1 ,tex42 ,greenville1 ,tex42 ,hillsboro1 ,tex42 ,lake ,charles1 ,la42 ,laredo1 ,tex42 ,mc,kinney1 ,tex42 ,marshall1 ,tex42 ,monroe1 ,la42 ,new ,iberia1 ,la42 ,palestine1 ,tex42 ,paris1 ,tex42 ,sherman1 ,tex42 ,temple1 ,tex42 ,terrell1 ,tex42 ,tyler1 ,tex42 ,waxahachie1 ,tex42 ,weatherford1 ,tex4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,eleventh ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,denver1 ,col4 ,at the following offices the names of male eligibles will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,colorado ,springs1 ,col42 ,denver1 ,col42 ,pueblo1 ,col42 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah2 ,ogden1 ,utah2 ,pueblo1 ,col42 ,denver1 ,col42 ,colorado ,springs1 ,col4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time from the ,secretary of the ,board of ,u4 ,s4 ,civil ,service ,examiners1 ,post ,office1 ,denver1 ,col41 or from the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,applications when executed must be filed with the secretary of the board at ,denver1 ,col41 prior to #d4cj p4 m4 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed and application blanks are not given out until the examinations are announced3 ,albuquerque1 ,n4 ,mex42 ,aspen1 ,col42 ,boulder1 ,col42 ,canon ,city1 ,col42 ,cheyenne1 ,wyo42 ,cripple ,creek1 ,col42 ,durango1 ,col42 ,florence1 ,col42 ,fort ,collins1 ,col42 ,grand ,junction1 ,col42 ,greeley1 ,col42 ,laramie1 ,wyo42 ,las ,vegas1 ,n4 ,mex42 ,leadville1 ,col42 ,logan1 ,utah2 ,phoenix1 ,ariz42 ,prescott1 ,ariz42 ,provo ,city1 ,utah2 ,rockyford1 ,col42 ,santa ,fe1 ,n4 ,mex42 ,sheridan1 ,wyo42 ,trinidad1 ,col42 ,tucson1 ,ariz42 ,victor1 ,col4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,twelfth ,,district4 ,headquarters1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,the name of each male eligible for the following-named post offices will be entered on only one register1 namely1 the clerk or the carrier register1 and male applicants must therefore indicate in their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier3 ,los ,angeles1 ,oakland1 ,sacramento1 ,san ,francisco1 ,san ,jose1 ,cal42 ,butte1 ,mont42 ,portland1 ,ore42 ,seattle1 ,wash42 ,spokane1 ,wash42 ,tacoma1 ,wash4 ,see ,note #a1 ,first ,district4 ,examinations for the following-named offices are held1 as far as practicable1 on the first ,wednesday or ,saturday after the #aeth of ,november of each year3 ,oakland and ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 to be held in ,san ,francisco2 ,fresno1 ,los ,angeles1 ,pasadena1 ,sacramento1 ,san ,diego1 ,san ,jose and ,stockton1 ,cal41 in those places1 respectively2 ,butte1 ,helena1 ,mont42 ,portland1 ,ore42 ,seattle1 ,spokane1 ,tacoma1 ,wash41 in those places1 respectively4 ,blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from the secretary of the board1 ,post ,office1 ,san ,francisco2 the auxiliary secretary at the post office at ,san ,diego1 ,cal41 or from the auxiliary secretary at the office where appointment is desired4 ,the application when executed must be filed with the secretary of the board1 ,post ,office1 ,san ,francisco1 prior to #d o'clock p4 m41 on the third ,monday in ,october4 ,applications received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination4 ,examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles are needed1 and application blanks will not be given out until the examinations are announced3 ,in the ,state of ,california3 ,alameda1 ,bakersfield1 ,berkeley1 ,chico1 ,eureka1 ,hanford1 ,long ,beach1 ,marysville1 ,napa1 ,palo ,alto1 ,petaluma1 ,pomona1 ,redding1 ,redlands1 ,riverside1 ,san ,bernardino1 ,san ,luis ,obispo1 ,san ,rafael1 ,santa ,ana1 ,santa ,barbara1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,santa ,rosa1 ,vallejo1 ,visalia1 ,watsonville4 ,in the ,state of ,nevada3 ,reno4 ,aberdeen1 ,wash42 ,albany1 ,ore42 ,anaconda1 ,mont42 ,astoria1 ,ore42 ,baker ,city1 ,ore42 ,bellingham1 ,wash42 ,billings1 ,mont42 ,boise1 ,idaho2 ,bozeman1 ,mont42 ,eugene1 ,ore42 ,everett1 ,wash42 ,great ,falls1 ,mont42 ,kalispell1 ,mont42 ,lewiston1 ,idaho2 ,livingston1 ,mont42 ,missoula1 ,mont42 ,moscow1 ,idaho2 ,north ,yakima1 ,wash42 ,olympia1 ,wash42 ,pendleton1 ,ore42 ,pocatello1 ,idaho2 ,salem1 ,ore42 ,the ,dalles1 ,ore42 ,walla ,walla1 ,wash4 ,see ,note #b1 ,first ,district4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,examination ,,in ,,the ,,far ,,east4 ,regulations ,differ from ,those in the ,united ,states--,mounted ,men in the ,island ,force4 ,the ,civil ,service regulations for the ,postal ,service in the ,philippine ,islands vary considerably from those for the ,united ,states4 ,there is only one examination--that of letter carrier4 ,carriers are divided into two classes1 mounted and unmounted4 ,the entrance salary of an unmounted carrier is #cfj4 ,the higher classes are filled by promotion4 ,all the carriers must furnish their own uniforms1 as in the ,united ,states1 while the mounted carriers must provide their own conveyances4 ,both conveyances and uniforms are subject to inspection and must be approved by the ,director of ,posts4 ,the examination consists of tests in spelling1 arithmetic1 penmanship1 copying from plain copy1 location of buildings1 streets1 plazas1 etc41 in the ,city of ,manila1 reading addresses and simple tests in ,english4 ,the following is an example of the questions asked by the ,philippine examiners in an examination for letter carrier3 ,spelling4--,question1 ,column1 ,regular1 ,possible1 ,precious1 ,guardian1 ,entrance1 ,separate1 ,official1 ,eager1 ,patience1 ,position1 ,exceed1 ,language1 ,explain1 ,business1 ,receive1 ,copyist1 ,certify1 ,specimen4 ,arithmetic4--#a4 ,add the following numbers3 #g1hbj1 #adj1 #faf1dhg1 #ah1jba1gfb1 #e1cbi1def1 #e1fdg1hic1 #dcb1hij1 #bc1egh1icb1 and #de1jjd4 ,from the sum of these numbers extract #h1fda1gfb4 #b4 ,multiply #gid4d by #dej-c_/e1 and divide the product by #di4fe4 #c4 ,a clerk received a salary of #gbj a year4 ,he spent #c_/e of it for board1 #a_/d of the remainder for clothing1 and #add for all other expenses4 ,how much did he save8 #d4 ,an open court contains #afj sq4 yds4 ,how many stones #i inches square will be required to pave it8 7#a1bif sq4 in4 equals #a sq4 yd47 #e4 ,a ,manila grocer imported #a1jhc pounds of butter at #ci cents a pound and sold it at #e_/ac more than it cost4 ,if his expenses were #cf4dg1 what was his net profit8 ,letter ,writing4--,two subjects for letter writing are given1 and the competitor may select either upon which to write a letter of not less than #abe words4 ,the exercise in letter writing is designed chiefly to test the competitor's skill in composition4 ,penmanship4--,the rating on penmanship is determined by legibility1 neatness1 rapidity and general appearance1 and by correctness and uniformity in the formation of words1 letters and punctuation marks in the exercise in copying from plain copy4 ,no particular style of penmanship is preferred4 ,copying from ,plain ,copy4--,candidates were required to make an exact copy of the following3 8,the hemp tree in the ,philippines reaches an average height of #aj feet4 ,it is a native plant1 the stem of which is inclosed in layers of half-round petioles4 ,the hemp fiber is extracted from these petioles1 which1 when cut down1 are separated into strips #e to #f inches wide1 and drawn under a knife attached at one end by a hinge to a block of wood1 while the other end is suspended from the extremity of a flexible stick4 ,the bow tends to raise the knife and a cord attached to the same end of the knife1 and a treadle is so arranged that1 by a movement of the foot1 the operator can bring the knife to work on the hemp petiole with the pressure he chooses40 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,rules ,,for ,,letter ,,carriers4 ,how ,mail ,must ,be ,delivered--,work of ,substitutes--,requirements1 ,uniforms1 ,etc4 ,letter carriers and substitute letter carriers are appointed by the ,postmaster ,general on the nomination of the postmaster4 ,selection of persons for appointment as substitute letter carriers must be made by the postmaster from the carriers' eligible register in the manner prescribed by the ,civil ,service ,rules and the nominations submitted to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery71 on ,form #aaja1 together with the certificate for original appointment1 ,postal ,service1 ,form #ade1 issued by the local ,civil ,service ,board4 ,when two or more persons are nominated on the same day for appointment as substitute letter carrier1 their seniority shall be determined by their standing1 or rating1 on the eligible register1 and not by the order of their selection4 ,a vacancy in the regular force must be filled by the promotion of the senior substitute1 whom the postmaster shall nominate for appointment on ,form #aaja4 ,when a vacancy occurs in the regular force and there are no substitute letter carriers the nomination for appointment to fill such vacancy shall be made in the manner prescribed in the appointment of substitute letter carriers4 ,the selection of letter carriers and substitute letter carriers at new free delivery offices1 upon their establishment1 is made from the carriers' eligible register by the ,postmaster ,general4 ,when a vacancy occurs or an emergency arises necessitating the immediate appointment of a letter carrier and there are no available substitutes1 and the eligible register contains less than three names1 the postmaster may nominate1 for temporary appointment not to exceed ninety days1 any person of good character who is within the age limitations4 ,a postmaster is not required to1 but may make a selection from an eligible register containing less than three names4 ,reinstatements to the service will only be made in accordance with ,rule ,,ix4 of the ,civil ,service ,rules4 ,applications for reinstatement to the service must be made through the postmaster to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery74 ,if the application be favorably considered1 the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general will make requisition on the ,civil ,service ,commission for a certificate for reinstatement4 ,where an applicant for reinstatement is an honorably discharged soldier or sailor of the late ,civil ,war or war with ,spain he must give the number of the company and the regiment in which he served1 and1 if possible1 transmit through the postmaster the certificate of his honorable discharge from the military or naval service4 ,transfers from the grade of clerk to that of carrier in the same office may be made1 provided they are effected by exchange of positions1 and the clerks to be transferred are physically able to perform the duties of a carrier1 but transfers from the clerical force to vacancies in the letter carrier force will not be permitted1 except in cases where1 in the judgment of the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general1 the best interests of the service will be subserved4 ,the transfer of a carrier from one office to another will not be permitted unless it is shown by the sworn statement of a reputable physician that the health of the carrier or of a member of his immediate family requires a change of climate1 and that the transfer is desired on that account4 ,applications for transfer must be indorsed by the postmaster and transmitted by him to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery71 with a full statement of the circumstances surrounding each case4 ,resignations of letter carriers and substitute letter carriers must be made in writing and forwarded to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery74 ,no resignation requested by the postmaster1 or by anyone for him1 will be accepted4 ,letter carriers will not be removed except for just cause1 upon written charges filed with the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery71 of which they shall be given due notice and allowed full opportunity for defense4 ,the charges shall specifically set forth alleged delinquency or misconduct1 giving the date and place of the occurrence4 ,every letter carrier shall give bonds1 with sureties1 to be approved by the ,postmaster ,general1 for the safe custody and delivery of all mail matter1 and the faithful account and payment of all money received by him4 ,each letter carrier and substitute letter carrier shall1 at the time of his appointment1 give bond in the sum of one thousand dollars4 ,it is preferred that bonds furnished by one of the surety companies authorized to act as sureties on official bonds be given4 ,the original bonds of two or more carriers or substitutes1 appointed at the same time1 may be given on a blanket or schedule form4 ,letter carriers transferred from one post office to another1 and substitutes promoted to be regular carriers1 must file new bonds1 their former bonds terminating on the date of such transfer or promotion4 ,a list of the companies authorized to act as sole surety on official bonds will be furnished upon application to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery74 ,all bonds of carriers must be filed with the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery74 ,every carrier1 before beginning active service1 shall take the official oath prescribed in ,section #bjg1 which oath will be retained on the files of the local post office1 subject to the call of the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general or to inspection by a post office inspector or other officer of the ,post ,office ,department4 ,uniforms of ,carriers4 ,the ,postmaster ,general may prescribe a uniform dress to be worn by letter carriers1 and any person not connected with the letter carrier branch of the ,postal ,service who shall wear the uniform which may be prescribed shall for every such offense be punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars1 or by imprisonment for not more than six months1 or both4 ,letter carriers and substitutes must procure uniforms at their own expense4 ,postmasters will advise and assist them in obtaining well-fitting suits of the prescribed material and at the best terms4 ,uniforms made according to the following specifications must be worn by all letter carriers3 ,for ,winter ,uniform4 ,coat4--,a double-breasted1 square-corner sack coat1 with lapels1 and made of bluish-gray worsted or serge1 terminating two-thirds of the distance from the top of the hipbone to the knee1 with a pocket at each side and one on the left breast1 all outside1 with flaps #b-c_/d to #c inches wide1 with length to suit height of wearer1 say1 #f-a_/b to #g inches2 coat to be piped with the best grade mohair braid1 #a_/af inch projecting1 to be inserted between edges2 ten brass buttons with the design of this ,department 7letter carrier in uniform1 with mail bag on shoulder and letter in uplifted hand1 or present design with letters 8,p4 ,o4 ,d40 beneath71 down the front to button to the neck1 and cord piping around the sleeves1 #b-a_/b inches from the bottom1 to correspond with piping on the edge2 two circular buttons 7vest size7 on sleeve of coat1 equidistant below cord on sleeve2 on right shoulder a brass hook #a-a_/b inches long by #c_/d inch wide1 to be two inches above sleeve seam1 to retain strap of mail bag in its position2 coat to be lined with a durable all-wool flannel4 ,trousers4--,of same material and color of coat1 with fine black broadcloth piping1 #a_/d inch wide1 down the outside seam4 ,side and two hip pockets1 to be made of strong1 durable material4 ,vest4--,a single-breasted vest of same material and color as coat and trousers1 with seven circular1 brass buttons 7vest size71 with the letters 8,p4 ,o4 ,d40 upon the face4 ,four pockets on outside1 two on breast1 and two at waist1 and one on inside4 ,overcoat or ,cape4--,a reversible cape 7detached from the coat7 reaching to the cuff of the coat sleeve when the arm is extended1 of the same material and color on one side1 and gutta-percha cloth on the other side1 with five buttons1 the same as on the coat1 down the front1 and bound entirely round with black mohair piping2 or an overcoat of the same material and color1 trimmed to correspond with the coat1 with five brass buttons down the front of the same size and design as the coat button4 ,it shall not be obligatory on the carriers to wear either1 but whenever additional covering is needed the postmaster of each city will decide1 in accordance with the wishes of the majority of the carriers1 which shall be worn1 as both must not be worn in the same city4 ,for ,summer ,wear4 ,coat4--,single-breasted1 straight-front sack1 with square corners1 skeleton made1 of bluish-gray flannel1 or a light-weight bluish-gray worsted or serge1 and terminating two-thirds distance from top of hipbone to knee1 with lapels 7medium roll7 made to button over the breast2 three pockets outside1 with flaps1 one on each side and one on left breast4 ,coat to be bound with black mohair piping1 #a_/af inch projection1 and five buttons down front1 four buttons to button1 and one at top1 under lapel of coat4 ,trousers4--,same material and color as coat1 with black cloth cord1 #a_/d inch wide1 down the outside seam4 ,side and two hip pockets1 to be made of strong and durable material4 ,vest4--,same material and color as coat and trousers1 piped same as coat1 with collar cut to open same height as coat1 and five regulation buttons down the front4 ,vest may be omitted in ,summer4 ,during the heated term postmasters may permit letter carriers to wear a neat shirt or loose-fitting blouse1 instead of coat and vest1 the same to be made of light-gray chambray1 gingham1 light-gray cheviot1 or other light-gray washable material1 to be worn with turn-down collar1 dark tie1 and neat belt1 all to be uniform at each office4 ,all garments must be sewed with pure-dye sewing silk1 and the garments must be finished in a proper and workmanlike manner and goods thoroughly shrunk4 ,carriers must be designated by number1 and nickel-plated figures nine-sixteenths of an inch in length1 surmounted by a metallic wreath1 must be worn1 on the hat1 cap1 or helmet1 the design and pattern to be uniform at all offices1 and to be regarded as a part of the carrier's uniform4 ,length of service as letter carriers shall be indicated on the carrier's uniforms by stars1 as follows3 ,five years' service1 one black silk star4 ,ten years' service1 two black silk stars4 ,fifteen years' service1 one red silk star4 ,twenty years' service1 two red silk stars4 ,twenty-five years' service1 one silver star4 ,thirty years' service1 two silver stars4 ,forty years' service1 two gold stars4 ,all stars will be three-fourths of an inch in diameter and placed one-half inch above black braid on each sleeve1 equidistant between seams4 ,postmasters of free delivery offices will cause a careful inspection of carriers' uniforms to be made twice a year4 ,a carrier should not be required to buy a new suit or any part thereof1 unless the postmaster1 after inspection1 decides that it is necessary in order to maintain a uniform and neat appearance of the force4 ,performance of ,service4 ,all letter carriers at free delivery offices shall be entitled to leave of absence1 not to exceed fifteen days in each year1 without loss of pay4 ,the words 8each year0 mean fiscal year 7,july #ast to ,june #cjth1 inclusive71 and carriers in the service on the first day of ,july are entitled to receive fifteen days' vacation1 inclusive of ,sundays and holidays1 at any time during the year when the postmaster can best spare them4 ,carriers entering the service after the first day of ,july are entitled to a pro rata leave of absence during the remainder of the fiscal year1 equal to one and a quarter days for each month4 ,carriers serving as members of the local ,civil ,service ,boards during examinations1 as members of the ,united ,states ,militia of the ,district of ,columbia1 or as witnesses for the ,government in the ,united ,states courts1 shall be given leave with full pay during necessary absence occasioned by such service4 ,postmasters may1 in addition to the leave of absence provided by law1 grant a leave of absence without pay to carriers in cases of illness1 disability received in the service1 or other urgent necessity1 such leave not to exceed thirty days4 ,an application for a leave of absence to cover a longer period of time must be made to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery7 for suspension with loss of pay1 or for removal from the service1 as the circumstances may require4 ,when regular carriers are absent from duty for any cause1 their places shall be supplied by substitute carriers4 ,the ,postmaster ,general is authorized to employ1 when necessary1 during the time such fifteen days' leave of absence is granted to a letter carrier1 such number of substitute letter carriers as may be deemed advisable1 who shall be paid for the services rendered at the rate of six hundred dollars per annum4 ,substitute carriers shall be assigned to duty by the postmaster1 or his representative1 and must never be called into service by carriers1 except in cases of urgent necessity1 when it is plainly impossible to notify the postmaster in time1 either by telephone or messenger4 ,substitute letter carriers will be paid one dollar per annum1 payable quarterly4 ,they also receive pay at the rate of #fjj per annum when serving in place of carriers who have been granted annual leave of absence4 ,the pro rata salary of carriers for whom they serve who are absent without pay is also given to them1 as well as the pro rata salary of carriers who are granted leave of absence with full pay in order that they may serve as members of local ,civil ,service ,boards in conducting examinations1 as witnesses for the ,government in ,united ,states courts1 or as members of the ,united ,states ,militia of the ,district of ,columbia4 ,when substitutes serve for regular carriers on ,sunday and perform the same amount of work the regular carrier would have performed on that day1 they receive a full day's pay4 ,hours of ,service for ,carriers4 ,eight hours constitutes a day's work for letter carriers in cities or postal districts connected therewith1 for which they receive the same pay as is paid for a day's work of a greater number of hours4 ,if any letter carrier is employed a greater number of hours per day than eight he is paid extra for the same in proportion to the salary fixed by law4 ,postmasters prepare1 for the guidance of carriers in their work1 a time schedule made on the basis of eight hours' work each day1 and so arranged as to provide only such time as is absolutely necessary for the legitimate office duties of each carrier4 ,the hours of daily service need not be consecutive4 ,no carrier is scheduled for more work than he can perform during eight hours4 ,carriers need not be required to consume exactly eight hours each day1 but as nearly such time as practicable1 considering the varying amount of mail to be handled on different days4 ,postmasters must not direct or permit carriers to work overtime1 and are held accountable therefor4 ,letter carriers must not report prior to schedule time for the first trip of the day1 nor for the beginning of a trip following a 8swing40 ,carriers must not remain at their desks nor in the working room of the office during a 8swing0 or interval between trips1 nor during the dinner hour2 neither must they remain in the post office after completing the last trip of the day4 ,carriers engaged exclusively in the collection service must not remain in the workroom of the office except while depositing and facing the mail collected by them4 ,carriers must register on the automatic clock register upon reporting1 leaving1 returning and ending for each trip which begins and ends at the post office4 ,the time from the clock tapes is copied into the time book or pasted into a suitable book and preserved1 and constitutes the official record of time4 ,should the clock register be out of order the time recorded by carriers on their daily trip reports is entered in the time book4 ,one carrier must not register on the clock for another4 ,if this rule is violated both the carriers concerned will be removed4 ,the time of reporting1 leaving1 returning and ending for each trip must also be recorded by the carriers on their daily trip reports2 the entries on these reports must be made at the beginning and end of each trip1 and must not be deferred until the close of the day4 ,when collections are made in the morning1 on the carrier's way to the office1 the first and second entries on the trip report must be the time of opening the first box4 ,when a carrier completes his delivery on his route and does not return to the post office the time recorded on his trip report for returning and ending on that trip must be the time of his last piece of mail4 ,where carriers are unable to deliver all mail matter taken out on the last trip of the day without making overtime1 they must return to the post office within the eight hours prescribed with the understanding that they make a full report to the superintendent of the station1 and a full statement will also be made on the trip report of the day4 ,carriers are required to deliver all mail taken out on the earlier trips1 even though such delivery necessitates exceeding the time allowed by the schedules for such trips1 unless collections are made for an important dispatch1 in which event the latter must be met and mail remaining undelivered will be delivered on the following trip4 ,every letter carrier must keep a route book1 which should be a complete directory of the persons served by him1 and all changes of address should be posted daily4 ,carriers must record daily in their log books the disposition made of all undelivered mail4 ,the forwarding of mail1 and notifying publishers of changes of address is clerical work1 and should not be performed by carriers4 ,carriers are not permitted to perform clerical work4 ,their work must be confined to the collection and delivery of mail2 the routing of mail for delivery2 the making up or 8logging0 of undelivered matter2 receipting for and the recording of registered mail2 posting route books2 the facing of mail collected by them1 and1 at offices where hand-feed canceling machines are used1 the facing of mail directly into such machines1 and to duty at carriers' delivery windows4 ,in the performance of their duties letter carriers must be civil1 prompt and obliging4 ,carriers must attend quietly and diligently to their duties1 and under no circumstances must they loiter or stop to converse on their routes1 and they must refrain from loud talking1 profane language1 and smoking in the office or on their routes4 ,carriers must not solicit1 in person or through others1 contributions of money1 gifts1 or presents2 issue addresses1 complimentary cards1 prints1 publications1 or any substitute therefor intended or calculated to induce the public to make them gifts or presents2 distribute1 offer for sale1 or collect the proceeds of the sale of tickets to theatres1 balls1 concerts1 fairs1 or any other entertainment2 issue for profit souvenirs or postal handbooks1 or in any manner co-operate with or assist the publishers of souvenirs or postal handbooks to secure the patronage of the public2 compile city directories for public use or assist publishers to compile the same2 borrow money from patrons on their routes2 or contract debts which they have no reasonable prospect of being able to pay4 ,carriers must not engage in any business during their prescribed hours of service1 or conduct any business after hours which offers the temptation to solicit patronage on their routes1 or which1 by reason of their position in the ,government service1 gives them special advantage over competitors1 such as book canvassing1 soliciting insurance1 selling sewing machines1 or other kindred occupations4 ,letter carriers may be reprimanded1 suspended with loss of pay1 or removed from the service for infractions of the ,postal ,laws and ,regulations1 of orders of the ,department1 and of orders of postmasters not inconsistent therewith1 as the nature or gravity of the offenses may require4 ,all reprimands and suspensions must be reported to the ,first ,assistant ,postmaster ,general 7,division of ,free ,delivery7 for approval and entry in the carriers' efficiency record4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,delivery ,,and ,,collecting ,,of ,,mail ,,by ,,carriers4 ,the regulations as to the delivery of mail matter will apply to the delivery of such matter by letter carriers1 except where inapplicable or as otherwise modified4 ,carriers must be careful to deliver mail to the persons for whom it is intended1 or to some one authorized to receive it4 ,they will1 in case of doubt1 make inquiry with the view of ascertaining the owner4 ,failing in this1 the mail will be returned to the office1 to be disposed of as the postmaster may direct4 ,carriers must not deliver mail matter to patrons in the street1 unless such delivery can be made without unreasonable delay4 ,mail matter must not be delivered by carriers in boxes or other receptacles which are not occupied in whole or in part by the addressees unless expressly ordered by the postmaster4 ,carriers must not throw mail matter into windows or halls1 unless specially instructed to do so4 ,they must ring the bell1 wait a reasonable time for an answer1 and deliver the mail to some one of the household in the habit of receiving it4 ,patrons who repeatedly fail to respond promptly to the carrier's ring must be reported to the postmaster4 ,carriers must not enter any house while on their trips1 except in the discharge of their official duties4 ,mail matter must not be delivered by carriers which has not passed through the post office or station with which they are connected4 ,mail matter intrusted to carriers must not be exhibited to persons other than those addressed1 except on the order of the postmaster or some one authorized to act for him4 ,letters for delivery must not be carried by carriers in their pockets4 ,carriers must not deviate from the respective routes4 ,carriers must not stop for their meals while on their trips4 ,carriers must not throw away or improperly dispose of mail matter1 however trifling or unimportant it may appear to them4 ,stamps must not be removed from mail matter of any class whatever intrusted to carriers for delivery or collected by them for mailing4 ,mounted carriers must dismount and deliver the mail at the doors of residences1 except in cases where the patrons on their routes consent to respond to their call and receive the mail at the sidewalk4 ,carriers are not required to deliver mail at residences where vicious dogs are permitted to run at large4 ,persons keeping such dogs must call at the post office for their mail4 ,carriers must collect and promptly return to the postmaster all postage due on mail intrusted to them for delivery1 as indicated by the postage-due stamps attached4 ,such mail matter must not be delivered until the postage due shall have been paid4 ,when carriers making collections from letter boxes find that it will be impossible on any one trip to carry to the post office the contents of all the boxes on their routes1 preference must be given to mail matter of the first class4 ,newspapers and packages placed on the tops of letter boxes should be collected when it can be done without overloading the mail sacks and preventing the prompt collection of mail matter properly deposited in the boxes4 ,carriers must1 while on their routes1 receive letters with postage stamps affixed1 handed them for mailing1 but they should not delay the deliveries by waiting for such letters4 ,money to pay postage on letters handed them for mailing must not be accepted1 except as provided for in the use of the stamp-selling envelope in connection with house-to-house delivery and collection boxes4 ,carriers should also receive other small articles of mailable matter with postage properly prepaid1 but they should refuse to receive packages that are cumbersome on account of size1 shape or weight1 especially when the carrying of such packages would interfere with the prompt delivery of mail and the collections from letter boxes4 ,carriers must receive and register all letters and packages of first-class matter that are not cumbersome on account of size1 shape or weight1 and properly offered them for registration1 and must give the regulation receipt therefor4 ,carriers must encourage the registration of valuable first-class matter by patrons on their routes4 ,postmasters may permit carriers to sell postage stamps or stamped envelopes in limited quantities2 but their deliveries or collections must not be delayed in making change4 ,carriers must not return1 under any circumstances1 to any person1 any letter or letters1 said to have been deposited in a letter box1 or which have come into the custody of the carrier in a regular way4 ,an applicant for the return of such mail should be directed to the postmaster4 ,after the last daily delivery carriers must return to the post office or station with which they are connected their satchels and all mail that can not be delivered4 ,carriers may be permitted to take their satchels home with them direct from their routes when1 in the opinion of the postmaster1 the interests of the service will be promoted thereby1 but undelivered mail matter remaining in satchels must first be deposited in the nearest letter box4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,special ,,delivery ,,messengers4 ,chance for ,boys from ,thirteen ,years of ,age to ,enter ,post ,office ,service4 ,the ,postmaster ,general may1 in his discretion1 require the delivery of special delivery matter to be made entirely by special messengers4 ,in ,new ,york ,city1 however1 this is done solely by employes in the service4 ,at free delivery offices postmasters will1 from time to time1 employ as many messengers as in their judgment may be necessary to secure prompt delivery of special matter4 ,none but trustworthy boys over #ac years of age should be employed4 ,the force of special delivery messengers in each office should be so arranged that a suitable number may always be on hand to secure immediate delivery of all special delivery matter at any time within the prescribed hour of the day4 ,each messenger1 before entering upon his duties1 must take the oath prescribed by law on the blank furnished4 ,substitute letter carriers1 when not on duty in place of regular carriers1 may be employed as messengers in the special delivery service1 and receive the same compensation as other messengers2 but such employment must not interfere with the work of the post office or free delivery4 ,where delivery of special delivery matter can not be promptly made by regular special delivery messengers1 postmasters may cause such delivery to be made by any regular clerk or employe1 who will be allowed the same compensation1 and be paid and give receipt therefore in the same manner as regular messengers4 ,any person employed to make immediate delivery of letters or other mail matter1 shall be deemed an employee of the ,postal ,service1 whether he may have been sworn or not1 or temporarily or permanently employed1 and as such employee shall be liable to any penalties or punishments provided by law for the improper detention1 delay1 secretion1 rifling1 embezzlement1 purloining or destruction of any letter or other article of mail matter1 or the contents thereof1 intrusted to him for delivery or placed in his custody4 ,combinations or arrangements between special delivery messengers with a view to securing a division of the total permissible compensation of the month are forbidden2 and postmasters should1 by distribution of work and assignment of hours of duty1 equalize as far as practicable the compensation of messengers4 ,a messenger should not always be assigned to duty during the same periods of each day2 but changes will be made from time to time1 whereby a messenger employed during the busy hours of one day may be assigned to the duller hours of another day4 ,orderly conduct of special delivery messengers while in the office and on their trips is strictly enforced2 and no messenger will be retained who is not diligent and well-behaved4 ,a special place is provided in the post office for the accommodation of the messengers1 and it is so arranged as to prevent their access to other parts of the office1 and to mail matter other than that in which they are immediately concerned4 ,special delivery messengers need not be uniformed1 except in such special cases as may be ordered1 but they should all be decently and comfortably clad4 ,substitute letter-carriers1 when employed as messengers for special delivery1 may wear their carrier uniforms4 ,messengers are paid at the rate of not exceeding eight cents for each piece delivered1 or attempted to be delivered4 ,each messenger is furnished with a delivery book1 in which must be entered the number and address of each piece of matter received for delivery1 the date and hour of its receipt by the messenger1 and the amount of postage due thereon4 ,the receipt of the person to whom any special delivery matter is delivered must be taken in the blank space provided for this purpose in the delivery book4 ,delivery books will be kept in the post office when not in use1 and messengers must promptly return them to the office after every tour4 ,whenever for any cause a book is no longer used1 it will be filed in the post office4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,law ,,and ,,the ,,gospel ,,of ,,the ,,postal ,,service4 ,a former learned wit of the ,post ,office ,department1 cogitating over1 upon1 under1 and between1 the multifarious and abstruse problems submitted for adjudication1 evolved the following gems of keen1 mental penetration4 ,that3 ,feather beds are not mailable4 ,a stamp of the foot is not sufficient to carry a letter4 ,a pair of onions will go for two cents4 ,persons are compelled to lick their own postage stamps2 the postmaster cannot be compelled to do this4 ,nitro-glycerine must be forwarded at the risk of the sender4 ,if it should blow up in the postmaster's hands he cannot be held responsible4 ,when candy is sent through the mails it is earnestly requested that both ends of the package be left open1 so that the employees of the post office may test its quality4 ,john ,smith gets his mail from #fgd1bgi post offices1 hence a letter directed to ,john ,smith1 ,united ,states1 will reach him4 ,poems on 8,spring1 ,spring1 the ,beautiful ,spring10 and 8,the ,beautiful ,snow1 with its ,white ,efulgent ,glow10 are rigidly excluded from the mails4 7,this is to catch the editorial vote74 ,it is earnestly requested that lovers writing to their sweethearts will please confine their gushing rhapsodies to the inside of the envelope4 ,ducks cannot be sent through the mails alive4 ,their discordant1 vociferous greetings are apt to disturb the slumbers of the clerks4 ,it is unsafe to send fruit-laden trees through the mails2 clerks are known to have a weakness for such things4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,declaration ,,of ,,independence4 ,a ,declaration by the ,representatives of the ,united ,states of ,america1 in ,congress ,assembled4 ,when1 in the course of human events1 it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another1 and to assume1 among the powers of the earth1 the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's ,god entitle them1 a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation4 ,we hold these truths to be self-evident--that all men are created equal2 that they are endowed by their ,creator with certain inalienable rights2 that among these are life1 liberty1 and the pursuit of happiness4 ,that1 to secure these rights1 governments are instituted among men1 deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed2 that1 whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends1 it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it1 and to institute a new government1 laying its foundations on such principles1 and organizing its powers in such form1 as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness4 ,prudence1 indeed1 will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes2 and1 accordingly1 all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer1 while evils are sufferable1 than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed4 ,but when a long train of abuses and usurpations1 pursuing invariably the same object1 evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism1 it is their right1 it is their duty1 to throw off such government1 and to provide new guards for their future security4 ,such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies1 and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government4 ,the history of the present king of ,great ,britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations1 all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these ,states4 ,to prove this1 let facts be submitted to a candid world4 #a4 ,he has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good4 #b4 ,he has forbidden his government to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance1 unless suspended in their operations till his assent should be obtained2 and1 when so suspended1 he has utterly neglected to attend to them4 #c4 ,he has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people1 unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the ,legislature--a right inestimable to them1 and formidable to tyrants only4 #d4 ,he has called together legislative bodies at places unusual1 uncomfortable1 and distant from the repository of their public records1 for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures4 #e4 ,he has dissolved representative houses repeatedly1 for opposing1 with manly firmness1 his invasions on the rights of the people4 #f4 ,he has refused1 for a long time after such dissolutions1 to cause others to be elected1 whereby the legislative powers1 incapable of annihilation1 have returned to the people at large for their exercise2 the ,state remaining1 in the meantime1 exposed to the dangers of invasions from without1 and convulsions within4 #g4 ,he has endeavored to prevent the population of these ,states2 for that purpose obstructing the laws for the naturalization of foreigners2 refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither1 and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands4 #h4 ,he has obstructed the administration of justice1 by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers4 #i4 ,he has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices1 and the amount and payment of their salaries4 #aj4 ,he has erected a multitude of new offices1 and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance4 #aa4 ,he has kept among us in times of peace1 standing armies1 without the consent of our ,legislatures4 #ab4 ,he has affected to render the military independent of1 and superior to1 the civil power4 #ac4 ,he has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitutions1 and unacknowledged by our laws2 giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation3-- ,for quartering large bodies of armed troops among us2 ,for protecting them1 by a mock trial1 from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these ,states2 ,for cutting off our trade with all parts of the world2 ,for imposing taxes on us without our consent2 ,for depriving us1 in many cases1 of the benefits of a trial by jury2 ,for transporting us beyond seas1 to be tried for pretended offences2 ,for abolishing the free system of ,english laws in a neighboring province1 establishing therein an arbitrary government1 and enlarging its boundaries1 so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies2 ,for taking away our charters1 abolishing our most valuable laws1 and altering1 fundamentally1 the forms of our governments2 ,for suspending our own ,legislatures and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever4 #ad4 ,he has abdicated government here1 by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us4 #ae4 ,he has plundered our seas1 ravaged our coasts1 burned our towns and destroyed the lives of our people4 #af4 ,he is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death1 desolation and tyranny1 already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages1 and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation4 #ag4 ,he has constrained our fellow-citizens1 taken captive on the high seas1 to bear arms against their country1 to become the executioners of their friends and brethren1 or to fall themselves by their hands4 #ah4 ,he has excited domestic insurrection among us1 and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless ,indian savages1 whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages1 sexes and conditions4 ,in every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms2 our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury4 ,a prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant1 is unfit to be the ruler of a free people4 ,nor have we been wanting in our attentions to our ,british brethren4 ,we have warned them1 from time to time1 of attempts by their ,legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us4 ,we have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here4 ,we have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity1 and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations1 which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence4 ,they1 too1 have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity4 ,we must1 therefore1 acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation1 and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind--enemies in war2 in peace1 friends4 ,we1 therefore1 the representatives of the ,united ,states of ,america in general ,congress assembled1 appealing to the ,supreme ,judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions1 do1 in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies1 solemnly publish and declare that these united colonies are1 and of right ought to be1 free and independent ,states2 that they are absolved from all allegiance to the ,british crown1 and that all political connection between them and the ,state of ,great ,britain is1 and ought to be1 totally dissolved1 and that1 as free and independent ,states1 they have full power to levy war1 conclude peace1 contract alliances1 establish commerce1 and do all other acts and things which independent ,states may of right do4 ,and for the support of this declaration1 with a firm reliance on the protection of ,divine ,providence1 we mutually pledge to each other our lives1 our fortunes1 and our sacred honor4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,constitution ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,we1 the ,people of the ,united ,states1 in order to form a more perfect union1 establish justice1 insure domestic tranquility1 provide for the common defence1 promote the general welfare1 and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity1 do ordain and establish this ,constitution for the ,united ,states of ,america4 ,article ,i4--,legislative ,department4 ,section ,i4--,all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a ,congress of the ,united ,states1 which shall consist of a ,senate and ,house of ,representatives4 ,section ,,ii4--,clause #a4 ,the ,house of ,representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several ,states1 and the electors in each ,state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the ,state ,legislature4 ,clause #b4 ,no person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years1 and been seven years a citizen of the ,united ,states1 and who shall not1 when elected1 be an inhabitant of that ,state in which he shall be chosen4 ,clause #c4 ,representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several ,states which may be included within this ,union1 according to their respective numbers1 which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons1 including those bound to service for a term of years1 and excluding ,indians not taxed1 three-fifths of all other persons4 ,the actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the ,congress of the ,united ,states1 and within every subsequent term of ten years1 in such manner as they shall by law direct4 ,the number of ,representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand1 but each ,state shall have at least one ,representative2 and until such enumeration shall be made1 the ,state of ,new ,hampshire shall be entitled to choose three2 ,massachusetts1 eight2 ,rhode ,island and ,providence ,plantations1 one2 ,connecticut1 five2 ,new ,york1 six2 ,new ,jersey1 four2 ,pennsylvania1 eight2 ,delaware1 one2 ,maryland1 six2 ,virginia1 ten2 ,north ,carolina1 five2 ,south ,carolina1 five2 and ,georgia1 three4 ,clause #d4 ,when vacancies happen in the representation from any ,state1 the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies4 ,clause #e4 ,the ,house of ,representatives shall choose their ,speaker and other officers2 and shall have the sole power of impeachment4 ,section ,,iii4--,clause #a4 ,the ,senate of the ,united ,states shall be composed of two ,senators from each ,state1 chosen by the ,legislature thereof1 for six years2 and each ,senator shall have one vote4 ,clause #b4 ,immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election1 they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes4 ,the seats of the ,senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year2 of the second class1 at the expiration of the fourth year2 and of the third class1 at the expiration of the sixth year1 so that one-third may be chosen every second year2 and if vacancies happen by resignation1 or otherwise1 during the recess of the ,legislature of any ,state1 the ,executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the ,legislature1 which shall then fill such vacancies4 ,clause #c4 ,no person shall be a ,senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years1 and been nine years a citizen of the ,united ,states1 and who shall not1 when elected1 be an inhabitant of that ,state for which he shall be chosen4 ,clause #d4 ,the ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states shall be president of the ,senate1 but shall have no vote1 unless they be equally divided4 ,clause #e4 ,the ,senate shall choose their other officers and also a ,president 8pro tempore10 in the absence of the ,vice-,president1 or when he shall exercise the office of ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,clause #f4 ,the ,senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments3 when sitting for that purpose1 they shall be on oath or affirmation4 ,when the ,president of the ,united ,states is tried1 the ,chief ,justice shall preside2 and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present4 ,clause #g4 ,judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office1 and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor1 trust1 or profit under the ,united ,states2 but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment1 trial1 judgment and punishment1 according to law4 ,section ,,iv4--,clause #a4 ,the times1 places and manner of holding elections for ,senators and ,representatives shall be prescribed in each ,state by the ,legislature thereof2 but the ,congress may at any time1 by law1 make or alter such regulations1 except as to the places of choosing ,senators4 ,clause #b4 ,the ,congress shall assemble at least once in every year1 and such1 meeting shall be on the first ,monday in ,december1 unless they shall by law appoint a different day4 ,section ,v4--,clause #a4 ,each house shall be the judge of the elections1 returns and qualifications of its own members1 and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business2 but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day1 and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members1 in such manner1 and under such penalties1 as each house may provide4 ,clause #b4 ,each house may determine the rules of its proceedings1 punish its members for disorderly behavior1 and1 with the concurrence of two-thirds1 expel a member4 ,clause #c4 ,each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings1 and from time to time publish the same1 excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy2 and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall1 at the desire of one-fifth of those present1 be entered on the journal4 ,clause #d4 ,neither house1 during the session of ,congress1 shall1 without the consent of the other1 adjourn for more than three days1 nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting4 ,section ,,vi4--,clause #a4 ,the ,senators and ,representatives shall receive a compensation for their services1 to be ascertained by law1 and paid out of the treasury of the ,united ,states4 ,they shall in all cases1 except treason1 felony and breach of the peace1 be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses1 and in going to and returning from the same2 and for any speech or debate in either house1 they shall not be questioned in any other place4 ,clause #b4 ,no ,senator or ,representative shall1 during the time for which he was elected1 be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the ,united ,states1 which shall have been created1 or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased1 during such time2 and no person holding any office under the ,united ,states shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office4 ,section ,,vii4--,clause #a4 ,all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the ,house of ,representatives2 but the ,senate may propose or concur with amendments1 as on other bills4 ,clause #b4 ,every bill which shall have passed the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate1 shall1 before it become a law1 be presented to the ,president of the ,united ,states2 if he approve1 he shall sign it1 but if not1 he shall return it1 with his objections1 to that house in which it shall have originated1 who shall enter the objections at large on their journal1 and proceed to reconsider it4 ,if after such reconsideration1 two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill1 it shall be sent1 together with the objections1 to the other house1 by which it shall likewise be reconsidered1 and if approved by two-thirds of that house1 it shall become a law4 ,but in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays1 and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively4 ,if any bill shall not be returned by the ,president within ten days 7,sunday excepted7 after it shall have been presented to him1 the same shall be a law1 in like manner as if he had signed it1 unless the ,congress by their adjournment prevent its return1 in which case it shall not be a law4 ,clause #c4 ,every order1 resolution or vote1 to which the concurrence of the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives may be necessary 7except on a question of adjournment71 shall be presented to the ,president of the ,united ,states2 and before the same shall take effect1 shall be approved by him1 or being disapproved by him1 shall be repassed by two-thirds of the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives1 according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill4 ,section ,,viii4--,clause #a4 ,the ,congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes1 duties1 imposts and excises1 to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the ,united ,states2 but all duties1 imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the ,united ,states2 ,clause #b4 ,to borrow money on the credit of the ,united ,states2 ,clause #c4 ,to regulate commerce with foreign nations1 and among the several ,states1 and with the ,indian tribes2 ,clause #d4 ,to establish an uniform rule of naturalization1 and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the ,united ,states2 ,clause #e4 ,to coin money1 regulate the value thereof1 and of foreign coin1 and fix the standard of weights and measures2 ,clause #f4 ,to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the ,united ,states2 ,clause #g4 ,to establish post offices and post roads2 ,clause #h4 ,to promote the progress of science and useful arts1 by securing1 for limited times1 to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries2 ,clause #i4 ,to constitute tribunals inferior to the ,supreme ,court2 ,clause #aj4 ,to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas1 and offences against the law of nations2 ,clause #aa4 ,to declare war1 grant letters of marque and reprisal1 and make rules concerning captures on land and water2 ,clause #ab4 ,to raise and support armies1 but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years2 ,clause #ac4 ,to provide and maintain a navy2 ,clause #ad4 ,to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces2 ,clause #ae4 ,to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the ,union1 suppress insurrections and repel invasions2 ,clause #af4 ,to provide for organizing1 arming1 and disciplining the militia1 and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the ,united ,states1 reserving to the ,states respectively the appointment of the officers1 and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by ,congress2 ,clause #ag4 ,to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district 7not exceeding ten miles square7 as may1 by cession of particular ,states1 and the acceptance of ,congress1 become the seat of the government of the ,united ,states1 and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the ,legislature of the ,state in which the same shall be1 for the erection of forts1 magazines1 arsenals1 dockyards1 and other needful buildings2--,and ,clause #ah4 ,to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers1 and all other powers vested by this ,constitution in the government of the ,united ,states1 or in any department or officer thereof4 ,section ,,ix4--,clause #a4 ,the migration or importation of such persons as any of the ,states now existing shall think proper to admit1 shall not be prohibited by the ,congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight1 but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation1 not exceeding ten dollars for each person4 ,clause #b4 ,the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended1 unless in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it4 ,clause #c4 ,no bill of attainder or ex-post-facto law shall be passed4 ,clause #d4 ,no capitation or other direct tax shall be laid1 unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken4 ,clause #e4 ,no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any ,state4 ,clause #f4 ,no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one ,state over those of another2 nor shall vessels bound to1 or from1 one ,state1 be obliged to enter1 clear1 or pay duties in another4 ,clause #g4 ,no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law2 and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time4 ,clause #h4 ,no title of nobility shall be granted by the ,united ,states2 ,and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them1 shall1 without the consent of the ,congress1 accept of any present1 emolument1 office1 or title1 of any kind whatever1 from any king1 prince or foreign state4 ,section ,x4--,clause #a4 ,no state shall enter into any treaty1 alliance1 or confederation2 grant letters of marque and reprisal2 coin money2 emit bills of credit2 make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts2 pass any bill of attainder1 ex-post-facto law1 or law impairing the obligation of contracts1 or grant any title of nobility4 ,clause #b4 ,no ,state shall1 without the consent of the ,congress1 lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports1 except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws2 and the net produce of all duties and imposts1 laid by any ,state on imports or exports1 shall be for the use of the treasury of the ,united ,states2 and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the ,congress4 ,clause #c4 ,no ,state shall1 without the consent of the ,congress1 lay any duty of tonnage1 keep troops or ships-of-war1 in time of peace1 enter into any agreement or compact with another ,state1 or with a foreign power1 or engage in war1 unless actually invaded1 or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay4 ,article ,,ii4--,executive ,department4 ,section ,i4--,clause #a4 ,the executive power shall be vested in a ,president of the ,united ,states of ,america4 ,he shall hold his office during the term of four years1 and1 together with the ,vice-,president1 chosen for the same term1 be elected as follows3 ,clause #b4 ,each ,state shall appoint1 in such manner as the ,legislature thereof may direct1 a number of ,electors1 equal to the whole number of ,senators and ,representatives to which the ,state may be entitled in the ,congress2 but no ,senator or ,representative1 or person holding an office of trust or profit under the ,united ,states shall be appointed an ,elector4 ,clause #c4 ,the ,electors shall meet in their respective ,states1 and vote by ballot for two persons1 of whom one1 at least1 shall not be an inhabitant of the same ,state with themselves4 ,and they shall make a list of all of the persons voted for1 and of the number of votes for each2 which list they shall sign and certify1 and transmit1 sealed1 to the seat of the ,government of the ,united ,states1 directed to the president of the ,senate4 ,the president of the ,senate shall1 in the presence of the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives1 open all the certificates1 and the votes shall then be counted4 ,the person having the greatest number of votes shall be the ,president1 if such number be a majority of the whole number of ,electors appointed2 and if there be more than one1 who have such majority1 and have an equal number of votes1 then the ,house of ,representatives shall immediately choose1 by ballot1 one of them for ,president2 and if no person have a majority1 then1 from the five highest on the list1 the said ,house shall1 in like manner1 choose the ,president4 ,but in choosing the ,president1 the votes shall be taken by ,states1 the representation from each ,state having one vote2 a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the ,states1 and a majority of all the ,states shall be necessary to a choice4 ,in every case1 after the choice of the ,president1 the person having the greatest number of votes of the ,electors shall be the ,vice-,president4 ,but if there should remain two or more who have equal votes1 the ,senate shall choose from them1 by ballot1 the ,vice-,president4 ,the foregoing ,clause is obsolete4 ,it was repealed in #ahjd4 ,it is quoted here merely for reference4 ,article ,,xii4 of the ,amendments replaces it in the ,constitution1 and is here inserted instead of the original ,clause4 ,amendment1 ,article ,,xii4--,the ,electors shall meet in their respective ,states1 and vote by ballot for ,president and ,vice-,president1 one of whom1 at least1 shall not be an inhabitant of the same ,state with themselves2 they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as ,president1 and in distinct ballots the person voted for as ,vice-,president2 and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as ,president1 and of all persons voted for as ,vice-,president1 and of the number of votes for each1 which lists they shall sign and certify1 and transmit sealed to the seat of the ,government of the ,united ,states1 directed to the president of the ,senate2--the president of the ,senate shall1 in the presence of the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives1 open all the certificates1 and the votes shall then be counted2--the person having the greatest number of votes for ,president1 shall be the ,president1 if such number be a majority of the whole number of ,electors appointed2 and if no person have such majority1 then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as ,president1 the ,house of ,representatives shall choose immediately1 by ballot1 the ,president4 ,but in choosing the ,president1 the votes shall be taken by ,states1 the representation from each ,state having one vote2 a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the ,states1 and a majority of all the ,states shall be necessary to a choice4 ,and if the ,house of ,representatives shall not choose a ,president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them1 before the fourth day of ,march next following1 then the ,vice-,president shall act as ,president1 as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the ,president4 ,the person having the greatest number of votes as ,president1 shall be the ,vice-,president1 if such number be a majority of the whole number of ,electors appointed2 and if no person have a majority1 then from the two highest numbers on the list1 the ,senate shall choose the ,vice-,president2 a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of ,senators1 and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice4 ,but no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of ,president shall be eligible to that of ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states4 ,clause #d4 ,the ,congress may determine the time of choosing the ,electors1 and the day on which they shall give their votes2 which day shall be the same throughout the ,united ,states4 ,clause #e4 ,no person except a natural-born citizen1 or a citizen of the ,united ,states at the time of the adoption of this ,constitution1 shall be eligible to the office of ,president2 neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years1 and been fourteen years resident within the ,united ,states4 ,the matter enclosed in brackets is obsolete4 ,clause #f4 ,in case of the removal of the ,president from office1 or of his death1 resignation1 or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office1 the same shall devolve on the ,vice-,president1 and the ,congress may by law provide for the case of removal1 death1 resignation1 or inability1 both of the ,president and ,vice-,president1 declaring what officer shall then act as ,president2 and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed1 or a ,president shall be elected4 ,clause #g4 ,the ,president shall1 at stated times1 receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected1 and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the ,united ,states1 or any of them4 ,clause #h4 ,before he enter on the execution of his office1 he shall take the following oath or affirmation3--8,i do solemnly swear 7or affirm7 that ,i will faithfully execute the office of ,president of the ,united ,states1 and will1 to the best of my ability1 preserve1 protect1 and defend the ,constitution of the ,united ,states40 ,section ,,ii4--,clause #a4 ,the ,president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the ,united ,states1 and of the militia of the several ,states1 when called into the actual service of the ,united ,states2 he may require the opinion1 in writing1 of the principal officer in each of the executive departments1 upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices2 and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the ,united ,states1 except in cases of impeachment4 ,clause #b4 ,he shall have power1 by and with the advice and consent of the ,senate1 to make treaties1 provided two-thirds of the ,senators present concur2 and he shall nominate1 and by and with the advice and consent of the ,senate shall appoint ambassadors1 other public ministers and consuls1 judges of the ,supreme ,court1 and all other officers of the ,united ,states whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for1 and which shall be established by law2 but the ,congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper1 in the ,president alone1 in the courts of law1 or in the heads of departments4 ,clause #c4 ,the ,president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the ,senate by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session4 ,section ,,iii4--,he shall from time to time give to the ,congress information of the state of the ,union1 and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient2 he may1 on extraordinary occasions1 convene both houses1 or either of them1 and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment1 he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper2 he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers2 he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed1 and shall commission all the officers of the ,united ,states4 ,section ,,iv4--,the ,president1 ,vice-,president1 and all civil officers of the ,united ,states1 shall be removed from office on impeachment for1 and conviction of1 treason1 bribery1 or other high crimes and misdemeanors4 ,article ,,iii4--,judicial ,department4 ,section ,i4--,the judicial power of the ,united ,states shall be vested in one ,supreme ,court1 and in such inferior courts as the ,congress may from time to time ordain and establish4 ,the judges1 both of the ,supreme and inferior courts1 shall hold their offices during good behavior1 and shall1 at stated times1 receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office3 ,section ,,ii4--,clause #a4 ,the judicial power shall extend to all cases1 in law and equity1 arising under this ,constitution1 the laws of the ,united ,states1 and treaties made1 or which shall be made1 under their authority2--to all cases affecting ambassadors1 other public ministers1 and consuls2--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction2--to controversies to which the ,united ,states shall be a party2--to controversies between two or more ,states1 to controversies between a ,state and citizens of another ,state2--between citizens of different ,states2--between citizens of the same ,state claiming lands under grants of different ,states1 and between a ,state1 or the citizens thereof1 and foreign states1 citizens1 or subjects4 ,clause #b4 ,in all cases affecting ambassadors1 other public ministers and consuls1 and those in which a ,state shall be a party1 the ,supreme ,court shall have original jurisdiction4 ,in all the other cases before mentioned1 the ,supreme ,court shall have appellate jurisdiction1 both as to law and fact1 with such exceptions and under such regulations as the ,congress shall make4 ,clause #c4 ,the trial of all crimes1 except in cases of impeachment1 shall be by jury1 and such trial shall be held in the ,state where the said crimes shall have been committed2 but when not committed within any ,state1 the trial shall be at such place or places as the ,congress may by law have directed4 ,section ,,iii4--,clause #a4 ,treason against the ,united ,states shall consist only in levying war against them1 or in adhering to their enemies1 giving them aid and comfort4 ,clause #b4 ,no person shall be convicted of treason1 unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act1 or on confession in open court4 ,clause #c4 ,the ,congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason2 but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood1 or forfeiture1 except during the life of the person attainted4 ,article ,,iv4--,general ,provisions4 ,section ,i4--,full faith and credit shall be given in each ,state to the public acts1 records and judicial proceedings of every other ,state2 and the ,congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts1 records and proceedings shall be proved1 and the effect thereof4 ,section ,,ii4--,clause #a4 ,the citizens of each ,state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several ,states4 ,clause #b4 ,a person charged by any ,state with treason1 felony1 or other crime1 who shall flee from justice1 and be found in another ,state1 shall1 on demand of the executive authority of the ,state from which he fled1 be delivered up1 to be removed to the ,state having jurisdiction of the crime4 ,clause #c4 ,no person held to service or labor in one ,state1 under the laws thereof1 escaping into another1 shall1 in consequence of any law or regulation therein1 be discharged from such service or labor1 but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due4 ,n4 ,b4--,clause #c is obsolete4 ,section ,,iii4--,clause #a4 ,new ,states may be admitted by the ,congress into this ,union2 but no new ,state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other ,state2 nor any ,state be formed by the junction of two or more ,states1 or parts of ,states1 without the consent of the ,legislatures of the ,states concerned as well as of the ,congress4 ,clause #b4 ,the ,congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the ,united ,states2 and nothing in this ,constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the ,united ,states1 or of any particular ,state4 ,section ,,iv4--,the ,united ,states shall guarantee to every ,state in this ,union a republican form of government1 and shall protect each of them against invasion1 and on application of the ,legislature1 or of the executive 7when the ,legislature cannot be convened71 against domestic violence4 ,article ,v4--,power of ,amendment4 ,the ,congress1 whenever two-thirds of both ,houses shall deem it necessary1 shall propose amendments to this ,constitution1 or1 on the application of the ,legislatures of two-thirds of the several ,states1 shall call a convention for proposing amendments1 which1 in either case1 shall be valid to all intents and purposes1 as part of this ,constitution1 when ratified by the ,legislatures of three-fourths of the several ,states1 or by conventions in three-fourths thereof1 as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed1 by the ,congress2 provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article2 and that no ,state1 without its consent1 shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the ,senate4 ,article ,,vi4--,miscellaneous ,provisions4 ,clause #a4 ,all debts contracted1 and engagements entered into1 before the adoption of this ,constitution1 shall be as valid as against the ,united ,states under this ,constitution1 as under the ,confederation4 ,clause #b4 ,this ,constitution1 and the laws of the ,united ,states which shall be made in pursuance thereof2 and all treaties made1 or which shall be made1 under the authority of the ,united ,states1 shall be the supreme law of the land2 and the judges in every ,state shall be bound thereby1 anything in the ,constitution or laws of any ,state to the contrary notwithstanding4 ,clause #c4 ,the ,senators and ,representatives before mentioned1 and the members of the several ,state ,legislatures1 and all executive and judicial officers1 both of the ,united ,states and of the several ,states1 shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this ,constitution2 but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the ,united ,states4 ,article ,,vii4--,ratification of the ,constitution4 ,the ratification of the conventions of nine ,states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this ,constitution between the ,states so ratifying the same4 ,done in convention1 by the unanimous consent of the ,states present1 the seventeenth day of ,september1 in the year of our ,lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven1 and of the ,independence of the ,united ,states of ,america the twelfth4 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,amendments ,to the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 ,ratified ,according to the ,provisions of the ,fifth ,article of the ,foregoing ,constitution4 ,article ,i4--,congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion1 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof2 or abridging the freedom of the speech1 or of the press2 or the right of the people peaceably to assemble1 and to petition the ,government for redress of grievances4 ,article ,,ii4--,a well regulated militia1 being necessary to the security of a free ,state1 the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed4 ,article ,,iii4--,no soldiers shall1 in time of peace1 be quartered in any house1 without the consent of the owner1 nor in time of war1 but in a manner to be prescribed by law4 ,article ,,iv4--,the right of the people to be secure in their persons1 houses1 papers and effects1 against unreasonable searches and seizures1 shall not be violated1 and no warrants shall issue1 but upon probable cause1 supported by oath or affirmation1 and particularly describing the place to be searched1 and the persons or things to be seized4 ,article ,v4--,no person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime1 unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury1 except in cases arising in the land or naval forces1 or in the militia1 when in actual service in time of war and public danger2 nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb2 nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself1 nor to be deprived of life1 liberty1 or property1 without due process of law2 nor shall private property be taken for public use1 without just compensation4 ,article ,,vi4--,in all criminal prosecutions1 the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial1 by an impartial jury of the ,state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed1 which district shall have been previously ascertained by law1 and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation2 to be confronted with the witnesses against him2 to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor1 and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence4 ,article ,,vii4--,in suits at common law1 where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars1 the right of trial by jury shall be preserved1 and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the ,united ,states than according to the rules of the common law4 ,article ,,viii4--,excessive bail shall not be required1 nor excessive fines imposed1 nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted4 ,article ,,ix4--,the enumeration in the ,constitution of certain rights1 shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people4 ,article ,x4--,the powers not delegated to the ,united ,states by the ,constitution1 nor prohibited by it to the ,states1 are reserved to the ,states respectively1 or to the people4 ,article ,,xi4--,the judicial power of the ,united ,states shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity1 commenced or prosecute against one of the ,united ,states by citizens of another ,state1 or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state4 ,article ,,xii4--,see page #agf4 ,article ,,xiii4--,section #a4 ,neither slavery nor involuntary servitude1 except as a punishment for crime1 whereof the person shall have been duly convicted1 shall exist within the ,united ,states1 or any place subject to their jurisdiction4 ,section #b4 ,congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation4 ,article ,,xiv4--,section #a4 ,all persons born or naturalized in the ,united ,states1 and subject to the jurisdiction thereof1 are citizens of the ,united ,states and of the ,state wherein they reside4 ,no ,state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the ,united ,states2 nor shall any ,state deprive any person of life1 liberty1 or property1 without due process of law1 nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws4 ,section #b4 ,representatives shall be appointed among the several ,states according to their respective numbers1 counting the whole number of persons in each ,state excluding ,indians not taxed4 ,but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of ,electors for ,president and ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states1 ,representatives in ,congress1 the executive or judicial officers of a ,state1 or the members of the ,legislature thereof1 is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such ,state1 being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the ,united ,states1 or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crime1 the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such ,state4 ,section #c4 ,no person shall be a ,senator or ,representative in ,congress1 or ,elector of ,president or ,vice-,president1 or hold any office1 civil or military1 under the ,united ,states1 or under any ,state1 who1 having previously taken an oath as a member of ,congress1 or as an officer of the ,united ,states1 or as a member of any ,state ,legislature1 or as an executive or judicial officer of any ,state1 to support the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same1 or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof4 ,but ,congress may1 by a vote of two-thirds of each house1 remove such disability4 ,section #d4 ,the validity of the public debt of the ,united ,states1 authorized by law1 including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion1 shall not be questioned4 ,but neither the ,united ,states nor any ,state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the ,united ,states1 or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave2 but all such debts1 obligations1 and claims shall be held illegal and void4 ,section #e4 ,congress shall have power to enforce1 by appropriate legislation1 the provisions of this article4 ,article ,,xv4--,section #a4 ,the rights of citizens of the ,united ,states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the ,united ,states1 or by any ,state1 on account of race1 color1 or previous condition of servitude4 ,section #b4 ,congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,stations of the ,,post ,,office1 ,,new ,,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,carrier ,,stations4 ,designation ,location4 ,a--#abf ,greene street1 corner ,prince street4 ,b--,grand street1 southeast corner ,attorney street4 ,c--,west #acth street and ,ninth avenue4 ,d--#ajc-aje ,east #abth street4 ,e--#aaj-aad ,west #cb;d street1 near ,sixth avenue4 ,f--#adi-aee ,east #cdth street1 between ,lexington and ,third avenues4 ,g--#bag-bbe ,west #east street1 near ,broadway4 ,h--#agh-ahj ,west #ajb;d street1 near ,amsterdam avenue4 ,i--#bcb-bcd ,west #aafth street1 between ,seventh and ,eighth avenues4 ,j--#bcji-bcaa ,eighth avenue1 corner #abdth street4 99,k--#bjb-bjd ,east #hhth street1 near ,third avenue4 99,l--#adg ,east #abeth street1 corner ,lexington avenue4 ,m--#bjhh ,amsterdam avenue1 near #afc;d street4 ,n--,broadway1 corner #fith street4 ,o--#aab-aad-aaf ,west #ahth street1 between ,sixth and ,seventh avenues4 ,p--,custom ,house ,building 99,r--#cgh-chj ,east #adith street1 between ,third and ,cortland avenues4 ,s--,broadway1 corner ,howard street4 ,t--#ejg-eji ,east #afeth street1 between ,third and ,washington avenues4 99,u--,third avenue1 corner #ajc;d street4 ,v--,northwest corner of ,west ,broadway and ,beach street4 99,w--#afj-afb ,west #hc;d street1 near ,amsterdam avenue4 ,x--#cgc-cge ,east #achth street1 near ,willis avenue4 99,y--#aafj-aafb ,third avenue1 near #fhth street4 ,city ,island--,southwest corner ,main and ,adams streets4 ,college--#cje-cjg ,west #adjth street1 near ,eighth avenue4 ,fordham--#beai ,webster avenue1 near ,fordham road4 ,foreign--,west street1 corner ,morton street4 ,fox ,street--,fox street1 between #afgth and #afith streets4 99,grand ,central ,station--#aaj ,east #deth street1 between ,lexington avenue and ,depew place4 ,hamilton ,grange--#eba-ebc ,west #adfth street4 ,high ,bridge--,lind street and ,summit avenue4 ,hudson ,terminal--,cortland ,building1 #cj ,church street1 between ,cortlandt and ,dey streets4 ,jay ,street--,jay and ,greenwich streets 7not a carrier station74 ,kings ,bridge--#ebcc ,broadway1 between #bbeth and #bbgth streets4 ,madison ,square--#caj-caf ,fourth avenue1 between #bc;d and #bdth streets4 ,morris ,heights--,west #aggth street1 near ,cedar avenue4 ,pelham ,branch4 ,pelham ,manor ,branch4 99,times ,square--#bca-bda ,west #cith street4 ,tompkins ,square--#abth street and ,avenue ,b4 ,tremont--#aica ,washington avenue1 between #aggth and #aghth streets4 ,wall ,street--#fj ,wall street4 ,washington ,bridge--,amsterdam avenue1 near #ahjth street4 ,westchester--#adga ,williamsbridge road1 near ,eastchester road4 ,williamsbridge--#cdee ,white ,plains avenue1 near ,gun ,hill road4 99 ,postal ,savings ,depository4 ,brooklyn4 ,station ,location ,a--#ffa ,broadway4 ,b--#abff-abfh ,fulton street4 ,c--#ecaf-ecah ,fifth avenue4 ,d--#aiae-aiag ,fulton street4 ,e--#bfcd ,atlantic avenue4 ,flatbush--#hcj ,flatbush avenue4 ,g--#hfj ,manhattan avenue4 ,bath ,beach--#ahdh ,bath avenue1 near #aith street4 ,j--,myrtle avenue1 near ,wyckoff avenue4 ,blythebourne--#acth avenue and #eeth street4 ,l--,flatbush avenue1 ,l4 ,i4 ,r4 ,r4 ,depot4 ,coney ,island--,surf avenue1 opp4 ,west #agth street4 ,fort ,hamilton--#iaaj ,fifth avenue4 ,sheepshead ,bay--#aghj ,shore ,road4 ,p--#agca ,pitkin avenue4 ,vanderveer--,flatbush avenue1 near ,nostrand avenue4 ,s--#abfb-abfd ,broadway4 ,t--#agj-agb ,hamilton avenue4 ,v--,fifth avenue and #ith street4 ,y--,s4 ,w4 cor41 #dgth street and ,gravesend avenue4 ,w--,broadway and ,south #hth street4 ,barren ,island--,barren ,island4 ,navy ,yard--,navy ,yard4 ,,index ,,addresses-- ,page ,reading of #ej ,,applications-- ,questions to be ,filled ,out ,in #cj ,where and ,how to ,obtain #bj ,,appointments ,,and ,,salaries #ae ,,arithmetic #df1 #ed1 #fj1 #fi ,,bonded-- ,clerks and ,carriers are #ad1 #acb ,,brooklyn-- ,carrier ,stations ,in #aif ,,candidates-- ,what is ,required of ,them #aa ,,capital ,,letters-- ,use of #hd ,,carriers-- ,delivery and ,collection of ,mail by #ade ,hours of ,service #adj ,moral ,responsibility of #ah ,performance of ,service of #ach ,rules for #abi 8,stars0 for #acg 8,subbing0 of #aci ,uniform of #acc ,,cradle ,,days ,,of ,,the ,p4 ,o4 ,,service #e ,,clerks-- ,promotion of #ae1 #bd ,bonded #ad ,resignation of #ag 8,subs0 #ah ,,competitors-- ,how ,judged #hf ,,constitution ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 #afc ,amendments to #ahg ,,copying-- ,from ,plain ,copy #di ,,declaration ,,of ,,independence #aef ,,decimals-- ,operation of #ed ,,district ,,regulations #ie ,,educational ,,test #dc ,,examinations-- ,in ,far ,east #abf ,problems1 ,in ,earlier #dg ,subjects of #dd ,,eligible ,,register #hh ,,franklin-- ,first ,postmaster ,general #h ,,fines ,,for ,,violating ,,rules #ag ,,independence1 ,,declaration ,,of #aef ,,instruction-- ,courses of #eb ,,labor-- ,hours of #af ,,law ,,and ,,gospel ,,of ,p4 ,o4 ,,service #aed ,,letter ,,writing #dh ,,medical ,,certificates #ci ,,messenger-- ,special ,delivery #aej ,,morgan1 ,,edward ,m4 7,frontispiece7 #f ,,new ,,york-- ,carrier ,stations ,in #aic ,,new ,,york',s ,,post ,,office-- ,first ,post ,office #g ,history of #f ,state ,offices ,in #be ,,penmanship #di ,,postal ,,service-- ,history of ,n4 ,y4 #g ,law and ,gospel of #aed ,,physical ,,conditions #ab ,,promotion-- ,for ,good ,clerks #ad1 #bd ,,punctuation-- ,rules of #hj ,,questions-- ,earlier ,examination #dc1 #dg ,to be ,filled ,out in ,application #cj ,,rating-- ,rules for #ij ,,reinstatement #ag1 #acj ,,regulations1 ,,district #ie ,,resignations #acb ,,rules-- ,violations of #ag ,for ,letter ,carriers #abi ,,salaries ,,and ,,appointments #ae 8,,stars0 ,,for ,,carriers #acg ,,service-- ,performance of #ach ,,spelling #de ,,special ,,delivery ,,messengers #aej 8,,subs0 #ah1 #aci ,,transfers #bd1 #aca ,,uniform ,,of ,,letter ,,carriers #acc ,,vacancies #acj ,,vouchers #cf ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,except for those changes noted below1 all misspellings in the text1 and inconsistent or archaic usage1 have been retained1 for example1 subserved2 employe2 inclosed2 efulgent2 sufferable2 repassed4 ,pg #g3 #8inhabitants4 ,the' replaced by #8inhabitants1 the'4 ,pg #h3 #8the recipts for' replaced by #8the receipts for'4 ,pg #bg3 #8,port ,plain' replaced by #8,fort ,plain'4 ,pg #cj3 #8sworn statments' replaced by #8sworn statements'4 ,pg #cb3 #8different braches' replaced by #8different branches'4 ,pg #dj3 #8any deformiy' replaced by #8any deformity'4 ,pg #di3 #8by legability' replaced by #8by legibility'4 ,pg #ej3 #8action therupon' replaced by #8action thereupon'4 ,pg #fc3 #8,generally ,m,xm p' replaced by #8,generally ,m m p'4 ,pg #fd3 #8#g #g #di' replaced by #8#g #g #di'4 ,pg #ff3 #8divisable by #h' replaced by #8divisible by #h'4 ,pg #gi3 #8tens collumn' replaced by #8tens column'4 ,pg #ib3 #8letter writting' replaced by #8letter writing'4 ,pg #ih3 #8,bennnigton1 ,vt4' replaced by #8,bennington1 ,vt4'4 ,pg #aja3 ,two lines were transposed4 ,the line #8kers1 ,n4 ,y4' has been moved to the correct place4 ,pg #aji3 #8followng offices' replaced by #8following offices'4 ,pg #aji3 #8,meridan1 ,miss4' replaced by #8,meridian1 ,miss4'4 ,pg #aah3 #8,witchita1 ,kans4' replaced by #8,wichita1 ,kans4'4 ,pg #ade3 #8adressees unless' replaced by #8addressees unless'4 ,pg #adf3 #8at the sidwalk' replaced by #8at the sidewalk'4 ,pg #aea3 #8total permissable' replaced by #8total permissible'4 ,pg #aed3 #8abstruce problems' replaced by #8abstruse problems'4 ,pg #afj3 #8death1 desolution' replaced by #8death1 desolation'4 ,pg #afd3 #8,deleware1 one' replaced by #8,delaware1 one'4 ,pg #agg3 #8,but person' replaced by #8,but no person'4 ,pg #aie3 #8#ebcc ,boardway' replaced by #8#ebcc ,broadway'4