,,the ,,epistle ,,of ,,othea ,,to ,,hector ,illustration3 ,,othea ,,delivers ,,her ,,epistle ,,to ,,hector4 ,harley ,,ms4 #ddca1 ,,fol4 #ig;b4 ,the ,epistle of ,othea to ,hector ,,or ,,the ,,boke ,,of ,,knyghthode ,translated from the ,french of ,christine de ,pisan ,with a ,dedication to ,sir ,john ,fastolf1 ,k4,g4 ,,by ,,stephen ,,scrope1 ,,esquire ,,edited ,,from ,a ,,manuscript ,,in ,,the ,,library ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,bath ,,by ,,george ,f4 ,,warner ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,assistant ,keeper of ,,mss4 ,british ,museum ,,london ,j4 ,b4 ,,nichols ,,and ,,sons1 ,,parliament ,,mansions ,,victoria ,,street1 ,s4,w4 #aijd4 ,,london ,j4 ,b4 ,,nichols ,,and ,,sons1 ,,parliament ,,mansions ,,victoria ,,street1 ,s4,w4 ,,to ,,the ,,president ,,and ,,members ,,of ,the ,roxburghe ,club ,,this ,,volume ,is ,dedicated and ,presented ,,by ,,their ,,obedient ,,servant ,,bath ,,longleat1 ,,march1 #aijd ,the ,roxburghe ,club4 ,,mcmiv4 ,,lord ,,aldenham4 ,,president4 ,,duke ,,of ,,devonshire1 ,k4,g4 ,,duke ,,of ,,buccleuch1 ,k4,t4 ,,duke ,,of ,,northumberland1 ,k4,g4 ,,duke ,,of ,,sutherland1 ,k4,g4 ,,marquess ,,of ,,bath4 ,,earl ,,of ,,pembroke ,,and ,,montgomery4 ,,earl ,,of ,,crawford1 ,k4,t4 ,,earl ,,of ,,rosebery1 ,k4,g4 ,,earl ,,cowper1 ,k4,g4 ,,earl ,,of ,,carysfort1 ,k4,p4 ,,earl ,,of ,,powis4 ,,earl ,,beauchamp4 ,,earl ,,brownlow4 ,,earl ,,of ,,cawdor4 ,,earl ,,of ,,ellesmere4 ,,earl ,,of ,,crewe4 ,,the ,,lord ,,bishop ,,of ,,salisbury4 ,,lord ,,zouche4 ,,lord ,,windsor4 ,,lord ,,amherst ,,of ,,hackney4 ,,hon4 ,,alban ,,george ,,henry ,,gibbs4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,arthur ,,james ,,balfour4 ,,right ,,hon4 ,,mountstuart ,,grant ,,duff1 ,g4,c4,s4,i4 ,,sir ,,william ,,reynell ,,anson1 ,,bart4 ,,sir ,,thomas ,,brooke1 ,,bart4 ,,sir ,,john ,,evans1 ,k4,c4,b4 ,,sir ,,edward ,,maunde ,,thompson1 ,k4,c4,b4 ,,charles ,,butler1 ,,esq4 ,,ingram ,,bywater1 ,,esq4 ,,george ,,briscoe ,,eyre1 ,,esq4 ,,alfred ,,henry ,,huth1 ,,esq41 ,treasurer4 ,,andrew ,,lang1 ,,esq4 ,,charles ,,brinsley ,,marlay1 ,,esq4 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,esq4 ,,edward ,,james ,,stanley1 ,,esq4 ,,henry ,,yates ,,thompson1 ,,esq4 ,,rev4 ,,edward ,,tindal ,,turner4 ,,victor ,,william ,,bates ,,van ,,de ,,weyer1 ,,esq4 ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,,esq4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,contents ,,introduction4 ,,errata4 ,,the ,,epistle ,,of ,,othea ,,to ,,hector2 ,,or ,,the ,,boke ,,of ,,knyghthode4 ,,glossary4 ,,index4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,epistle ,,of ,,othea1 ,,text ,,xx4 ,longleat ,,ms4 #bec1 ,,fol4 #bb;b4 ,,introduction4 ,the ,english version here printed for the first time of ,christine de ,pisan's 8ptre d',otha la deesse ,hector0 is taken from a ,,ms4 which is believed to be unique1 and which1 if not actually the original1 can be very little removed from it4 ,the volume of which it forms a part is numbered ,,ms4 #bec in the valuable library of the ,marquis of ,bath at ,longleat1 but how or when it found its way thither it is impossible to say4 ,there is little doubt1 however1 that it was acquired at least as early as the time of ,thomas ,thynne1 first ,viscount ,weymouth1 who died in #agad1 and it is not unlikely that it has been at ,longleat ever since the house was built by ,sir ,john ,thynne in the latter part of the #afth century4 ,it is a small vellum folio1 #i inches by #g1 in modern binding1 and in its present state it consists of ninety-five leaves1 the first seventy-five of which are occupied by the work in question and the remainder by an ,english poem or series of poems1 probably also translated from the ,french1 in which love is compared with the growth of a tree4 ,the hand appears to be the same throughout and of a date about the middle of the #aeth century4 ,as may be seen from the page here reproduced 7cf4 p4 #cc71 it is fairly neat and regular1 but it is hardly the hand of a professional book-scribe1 the type being that more commonly found in correspondence and business documents of the period4 ,as to ornament1 there is none whatever2 for1 although blank spaces were left for rubrics and initials1 and in a few instances apparently for miniatures as well1 for some reason they were never filled in4 ,but the deficiencies of the ,,ms4 in this respect are of less practical importance than the mutilation inflicted later upon the text4 ,in the main article1 and consequently in this edition of it1 there are two lacun1 one of a single leaf 7p4 #ac7 and the other of a whole quire of eight 7p4 #ec71 while the supplementary matter has been shorn both of its first leaf and of an unknown number at the end4 ,nor is the mischief confined to the loss of these portions of the text4 ,probably1 as in the case of another work by the same translator1#a there was a colophon which would have given interesting particulars of the origin of the whole ,,ms41 and unfortunately this also has perished4 ,as the translator has been identified and as specimens of his handwriting are available for comparison1#b the question whether the copy is in his autograph is easily decided in the negative1 but beyond this little can be ascertained of its history4 ,for reasons which will appear further on it is a tempting supposition that it is the 8,boke de ,othea1 text and glose 444 in quayers0 7sc4 quires71 which is included in an 8,inventory off ,englysshe boks0 belonging to ,john ,paston the younger 787 in the time of ,edward ,,iv4 7after #adgd74c ,if1 however1 the latter ,,ms4 in its turn was identical with the 8,othea pistill0 which one ,william ,ebesham wrote for ,sir ,john ,paston at a cost of #gsh4 #b;d4 about #adfi1d it contained no more than forty-three leaves4 ,in the margin of f4 #ge;b is an entry1 made about #aejj1 of a certificate of the banns of marriage1 real or imaginary1 of ,william ,stretford and ,joyce ,helle1 the certifying minister being ,william ,houson1 curate2 and from scribblings on f4 #ej and elsewhere it may be inferred that at a later date in the #afth century the ,,ms4 was in the hands of a certain ,william ,porter1 who1 to judge from the nature of his entries1 was perhaps a scrivener's clerk4 ,there is more decisive evidence of ownership in the signature 8,jo4 ,malbee0 on the first page1 written towards the end of the #afth century under the moral distich3 8,viue diu1 sed viue ,deo2 nam viuere mundo ,mors est4 ,hc vera est viuere vita ,deo40 ,the same page also contains the initials ,j4 ,m41 probably meaning ,john ,malbee1 together with the old library mark1 ix ,d4 #gb4 ,before commenting upon the ,english translation something must be said of the original 8ptre d',otha0 and the remarkable woman who was its author4#e ,in no sense was ,christine de ,pisan ,french by birth4 ,her father ,thomas de ,pisan1 or de ,boulogne1 was1 as she tells us1#f a native of ,bologna1 and he may reasonably be identified with ,tommaso di ,benvenuto di ,pizzano1 who was ,professor of ,astrology there between #acde and #acef4g ,later he obtained the salaried office of ,state ,councillor at ,venice1 where also he married1 and where ,christine1 probably the eldest of his three children and the only girl1 was born in #acfd4h ,it was shortly after her birth that he was prevailed upon by the ,french king ,charles ,v4 to remove to ,paris1 and the fact that ,louis the ,great of ,hungary was equally anxious to attract him to ,buda shows how widely the fame of his learning and science had spread4#i ,for fifteen years he had no cause to regret his change of country1 for ,charles not only made him his physician and astrologer with handsome emoluments1 but treated him altogether with marked distinction4 ,christine1 who with her mother joined him at the end of #acfh1 was thus brought up at the most brilliant and intellectual court of the time1 and when1 at the early age of fifteen1 she was married to tienne du ,castel in #acgi1 her ties with it were further strengthened by her husband's appointment as secretary to the king4 ,this prosperity was rudely interrupted by the premature death of ,charles ,v4 on #afth ,september1 #achj4 ,in her own words1 8,or fu la porte ouverte de noz infortunes1 adonc faillirent mon dit pre ses grans pensions40#aj ,thomas de ,pisan in fact was growing old and out of fashion2 with the loss of his place at court and its prestige he soon fell into neglect1 and when in a few years he died1 his wife and two sons were left dependent upon his daughter and son-in-law4 ,happily the latter still retained his post under the new king1 and if he had lived all might have gone well1 though possibly in that case ,christine's latent powers would never have been called into activity4 ,as a climax1 however1 to her misfortunes tienne du ,castel was carried off by an epidemic at ,beauvais in #achi1 and she thus found herself a widow at twenty-five with three children besides others#aa to support out of what little she could rescue from the claimants to her husband's estate4 ,curious details of the protracted lawsuits and other troubles by which she was harassed during the next few years are given in several of her works2 but it is enough to say that her tenacity and force of character carried her safely through until she made for herself a literary position which for one of her sex was probably without precedent4 ,excepting a few short pieces anterior perhaps to her husband's death1 she appears to have begun writing poetry as a solace in her widowhood4 ,such pathetic effusions as 8,seulete suy et seulete vueil estre0 and 8,je suis vesve1 seulete et noir vestue10#ab with others in a similar strain1 could hardly fail to excite sympathy1 and she was thus encouraged to utilize her pen for procuring more material support4 ,at the end of the #adth century all that an author struggling with poverty had to depend upon was the patronage and munificence of the great1 and it may therefore have been mainly to suit the taste of those to whom she looked for favour and assistance that she composed the lighter and more amatory of the 8,ballades10 8,lais0 and 8,virelais10 8,rondeaux0 and 8,jeux vendre10 which were the earliest1 and not the least charming1 of her poems4 ,besides ,charles ,,vi4 and his queen1 the ,dukes of ,berry1 ,burgundy1 and ,orleans1 and other princes1 nobles1 and great ladies of the ,french court1 it is interesting to find among her warmest patrons the ,english ,earl of ,salisbury1#ac who came on an embassy to ,paris in ,december1 #acih4 ,the theory that it was for him that she made the collection of her 8,cent ,ballades0 rests on little1 if any1 foundation1 but his friendly regard for her is shown by his having taken her elder son ,jean du ,castel1 then thirteen1 to ,england1 in order to educate him with a boy of his own of similar age4 ,by her own account1 as it appears1#ad this was at the time of the marriage of ,isabella1 daughter of ,charles ,,vi41 to ,richard ,,ii41 which took place at ,calais on #dth ,november1 #acif1 so that she may have become acquainted with the earl during a previous visit to ,paris1 or while he was in ,france with ,richard1 who crossed over for the marriage as early as #bgth ,september4 ,if he had not met a tragic fate on #gth ,january1 #adjj1 in an abortive attempt in favour of his deposed sovereign1 ,christine herself might have followed her son4 ,at the same time ,salisbury was not the only nor most influential admirer of her talent on this side of the ,channel4 ,after his death the usurper ,henry ,,iv4 himself took charge of the boy and tried to induce her to settle in ,england1 and it is to her credit that loyalty to the earl's memory among other reasons made her obdurate4 ,in order1 however1 to get back her son she feigned compliance until he was sent to fetch her1 when she kept him with her and remained in ,france4#ae ,before this she had entered on the second stage of her literary career1 to which the 8ptre d',otha0 most probably belongs4 ,in #acii she resolved to attempt longer and more serious poems1 animated by a more or less definite moral purpose1 and she began by preparing herself for this task by a strenuous course of study1 as nearly encyclopdic in character as was then possible1 though there is no reason to suppose that she was acquainted with ,greek authors except through ,latin translations4 ,but her earliest poems of any length1 issued between #acii and #adjb1 were still of the nature of 8,dits d',amour40 ,such1 for example1 were the 8ptre au dieu d'amour0 and the 8,dit de la ,rose10 the 8,dbat de deux amants10 the 8,dit de ,poissy10 with its lively account of her visit in #adjj to ,poissy ,abbey1 where her daughter was a nun1 and the idyllic 8,dit de la pastoure40#af ,the first two of these poems were written in defence of women against the aspersions of ,jean de ,meun in the 8,roman de la ,rose0 and his school1 and they involved her in a protracted controversy1 in which with the valuable support of ,jean ,gerson she fully held her own4 ,the moralizing element is much more strongly developed in the 8,chemin de long estude10#ag and the 8,mutation de ,fortune10#ah which were composed in #adjb and #adjc4 ,in the earlier of these somewhat prolix1 but withal extremely interesting1 works ,christine is conducted by the ,sibyl ,amalthea through the known world1#ai and then ascends with her as far as the fifth heaven4 ,after recounting these experiences she proceeds to inculcate doctrines of right and justice by means of an elaborate allegory1 in which ,raison1 ,sagesse1 ,noblesse1 ,chevalerie1 and ,richesse play the leading parts1 room being also found for a glowing eulogy of ,charles ,v4 ,in the 8,mutation de ,fortune0 she again indulges her taste for allegory1 but in place of geography and astronomy other sciences have their turn4 ,the introduction1 which is rich in personal interest1 deals with her father's life and her own and then leads up to her dream or vision of the great 8,chastel de ,fortune40 ,this castle is in fact the world1 and those who lodge in it are the various classes of mankind1 who from pope and king downwards are vividly characterized2 while the subjects painted on the walls of the hall give occasion for summaries of philosophy and of universal history to the birth of ,christ1 followed by allusions to more recent events and by another tribute to the virtues of ,thomas de ,pisan's royal patron4 ,on #ast ,january1 #adjc-d1 ,christine presented this poem as a new-year's gift to ,philip1 ,duke of ,burgundy1 brother of ,charles ,v4 ,the immediate result was a commission to write the late king's life1 and although the duke himself died on #bgth ,april following1 she completed this task within the year1 sending a copy to his elder brother ,john1 ,duke of ,berry1 on #ast ,january1 #adjd-e4 ,the 8,livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy ,charles ,v40 is the best known and in many respects the most valuable of all her writings1#bj and it also marks the beginning of the period when she practically abandoned verse in favour of prose4 ,though full of interesting details1 the work is not so much a regular biography as an appreciation of the king's character from the point of view of an enthusiastic partisan4 ,to some extent ,charles ,v4 realized ,christine's ideal of chivalry1 and in her discursive way she seized her chance to enforce by his example the paramount necessity to a ruler of a sound education and virtuous principles1 with covert reflections no doubt upon the political rivalries and dissolute morals which under the unhappy circumstances of his successor's mental disease were bringing ruin upon ,france4 ,of her remaining works 8,la ,vision10#ba which appeared later in #adje1 is of peculiar interest for its self-revelation4 ,it was apparently meant as a reply to those who1 on the ground of her sex and foreign origin1 questioned her right to pose as an authority on ,french history and morals2 but with a frank recital of her chequered fortunes and a defence of her position she mixes up a curious allegory on the mighty power of 8,dame ,opinion0 and a discussion on the comfort to be derived from philosophy4 ,to quote a simile which she more than once applies to herself1#bb 8petite clochete grant voix sonne02 and this may certainly be said of two ambitious treatises written seemingly about #adjg4 ,one of them is the well-known 8,livre des faits d'armes et de chevalerie10#bc which is nothing less than an attempt to teach the whole art of war1 grounded largely upon ,vegetius and other authorities1 but not without shrewd and pertinent observations of her own2 while in the other1 entitled 8,le ,corps de ,policie10 she takes up the subject of civil government1 more particularly with regard to the education of princes and the duties and mutual relations of the several orders in the state4 ,the 8,cit des ,dames0#bd and its complement the 8,livre des ,trois ,vertus0#be deal on the contrary with subjects which fell less disputably within her natural sphere4 ,as we have seen1 she had already championed her sex in verse4 ,in coming forward again in its defence1 but this time in prose1 she went further1 taking upon herself to lay down rules of guidance for women of all ranks1 which she effectively did by allegory as well as by precepts and by historical examples4 ,in all these works her aims were moral rather than political4 ,but although1 considering her relations with the leaders of the contending factions1 it is not surprising that she abstained from decisively taking a side1 there is no doubt that she was profoundly moved by the growing miseries of her adopted country4 ,as early as #adje she addressed to the queen1 ,isabella of ,bavaria1 a letter#bf strongly advocating peace1 and five years later she returned to the subject in a passionate appeal#bg to the princes generally and the ,duke of ,berry in particular4 ,the 8,livre de la ,paix10 the different parts of which were composed respectively in #adab and #adac in connexion with the transient pacifications of ,auxerre and of ,pontoise1 is of less restricted scope4#bh ,it was dedicated by ,christine to the youthful ,dauphin1 ,louis1 ,duke of ,guienne1 and after an earnest exhortation to harmony it is expanded into a formal treatise on the virtues that go to form the perfect prince1 ,charles ,v4 providing her as usual with an ever ready example4 ,this appears to have been the latest1 as it is one of the most important1 of her prose works2 for although possibly some of her religious verses were composed in the interval1 so far as is known she maintained an unbroken silence until #adbi1 when the triumphs of the ,maid of ,orleans drew from her a poem ringing with patriotic fervour1#bi her joy at the approaching deliverance of ,france being no doubt all the greater because its promised saviour was a woman4 ,what her feelings were when these hopes were again deferred can only be imagined1 for nothing more is heard of her4 ,in the opening lines of her poem she states that she had then been eleven years in a convent1#cj but she omits to give its name1 and the date and the place of her death thus alike remain unidentified4 ,of all her works the one with which we are here specially concerned presents perhaps most difficulty with regard to date4 ,in the best copies1 as in ,harley ,,ms4 #d1dca1ca it is headed 8,ci commence lepistre ,othea la deesse1 que elle envoya a ,hector de ,troie quant il estoit en laage de quinze ans10 for which reason1 coupled with its dedication to ,louis1 ,duke of ,orleans1 it has been too hastily assigned to #achf1cb when ,louis himself was of that age4 ,against this date it is almost enough to urge that ,christine was then only twenty-two years old1 and from all that we know of her she was not in the least likely to have begun authorship so early with a long didactic treatise mostly in prose2 but1 apart from this1 ,louis was not made ,duke of ,orleans until #dth ,june1 #acia1 so that the work could not have been addressed to him1 as it is1 under that title five years before4 ,another theory1 that1 although dedicated to ,louis1 it was designed for the edification of his son and heir ,charles#cc is not open to the same objections2 for1 as the future poet-duke was born in #acia1 the date would then be #adjf1 at which time ,christine was in full career as a moralist and prose-writer1 with strong views1 as may be seen in her 8,fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy ,charles ,v401 on the subject of chivalrous qualities4 ,on the other hand1 if the facts were as supposed1 in addressing the work to the father she would hardly have failed to make some explanatory reference to the son4 ,her omission to do so therefore makes this theory hardly less untenable than the other4 ,it is more likely that the date lies between these two extremes4 ,the significance of the dedication may easily be overrated4 ,it was ,christine's habit to send her works with a separate dedicatory preface to her several patrons as new-year's gifts for no other reason probably than the hope of a tangible acknowledgment1 and we know in fact that other copies of the 8ptre d',otha0 were sent both to ,charles ,,vi4 and the ,duke of ,berry4#cd ,if it is necessary to look for some particular youth of fifteen to whom she wished to play the part of a moral instructress1 he may perhaps be found in her own son1 for whom on another occasion she wrote the 8,enseignemens ,moraux40#ce ,jean du ,castel was probably of the required age about #adjj1 so that in this case the work represents1 as it well may1 the first-fruits of the studies in which she immersed herself shortly before1 and its date moreover exactly accords with its position in her own collections of her works1 where it comes after the 8,dit de ,poissy0 7#adjj7 and before the 8,chemin de long estude0 7#adjb74cf ,although without any claim to be reckoned among the best of her works1 it is at least admirable in motive4 ,ostensibly it is addressed by the ,goddess of ,prudence or ,wisdom to her protg ,hector with the object of inciting him to the attainment of true knighthood by the practice of virtue1 the name of the goddess being clearly no more than the ,greek vocative 1 commonly used in ,homer in speeches addressed to ,athena4#cg ,the plan of the work is somewhat peculiar4 ,the epistle proper1 which purports to be ,othea's own1 is in verse1 and is divided into a hundred 8textes10 each of which after the first five consists of a single quatrain4 ,these hundred 8textes0 serve as a medium for instilling into the mind of the pupil as many moral precepts or rules of behaviour1 wrapped up in an allusion to some story from mythology1 from the history of ,troy or1 very rarely1 from other sources1 without the least regard for chronological propriety4 ,othea indeed anticipates the charge of anachronism by claiming at the outset 7p4 #f7 the divine prerogative of prophecy1 by which means she obviates the incongruity of drawing lessons for ,hector from the circumstances of his own death 7p4 #aje71 from the story of ,cyrus and ,queen ,tomyris 7p4 #fc71 and even from the vision of ,christ shown by the ,sibyl to the ,roman emperor ,augustus 7p4 #aac74 ,perhaps the most glaring anachronism is the reference to the fate of 8,thune0 7p4 #aaj74 ,it has been suggested in a note on the passage that this is a corruption in the ,,mss4 for 8,thyre0 or ,tyre2 but the rhyme both in the ,french and ,english versions requires 8,thune10 and possibly the allusion is to the much vaunted expedition of ,louis1 ,duke of ,bourbon1 against ,tunis in #acia4 ,if so1 this is a single instance of a reference to an event in more recent times4 ,the 8textes10 however1 are not left to stand alone1 being invariably followed by a 8glose0 and an 8allgorie10 both of which are in prose and often of some length4 ,the bulk of the work therefore is really a commentary by ,christine herself upon ,othea's supposed teaching4 ,thus1 in the 8glose0 she amplifies and explains the allusion in the 8texte10 and as a rule points its application by a maxim from an ancient philosopher2 and1 having done this to her own satisfaction1 she next dilates in the 8allgorie0 on its more spiritual meaning1 which she illustrates by a passage from one of the ,fathers or some later theologian1 and finally by a more or less appropriate verse from ,scripture4 ,these last citations are from the ,latin ,vulgate1 and from the fact that the translator omits them it may be inferred that he was either ignorant of ,latin or intended to supply them from the ,wycliffite ,english version4 ,in this way ,christine works through the ,virtues and ,vices1 the ,articles of the ,creed1 the ,ten ,commandments1 the properties and influences of the seven planets1 and so forth2 and the whole forms a curious and ill-assorted medley1 which is not without interest as a reflection of the taste of the time1 but which contains1 it must be confessed1 little either to attract or to edify the modern reader4 ,no critical edition of the original work has yet appeared1 and the preface to a translation is hardly the place in which to enter minutely into its composition4 ,apart1 however1 from the ,latin ,vulgate and the theological writers whose names may be found in the index1 there are three sources from which the matter appears to be mainly derived4 ,christine's classical mythology1 it is clear1 comes almost entirely from the ,metamorphoses of ,ovid1 but whether she had recourse to the original or to a moralized medival adaptation is a question not so easily determined4 ,there is a work of the latter kind in ,french verse and of prodigious length1 fourteen ,,mss4 of which are known1 including one in the ,british ,museum 7,add4 ,,ms4 #aj1cbd74 ,by some misunderstanding it was formerly attributed to ,philippe de ,vitry1 ,bishop of ,meaux 7#acea-acfb74 ,modern criticism1 however1 has proved that it was really written by ,chrtien ,legouais1 a ,friar ,minor1 for the queen of ,philip ,,iv41 ,jeanne de ,champagne1 who died in #acje4ch ,there was a copy in the library of ,christine's patron1 the ,duke of ,berry1#ci but it was apparently acquired in #adjc1 after the 8ptre d',otha0 was written4 ,although it is quite possible that she had a direct knowledge of this poem1 she is more likely to have used a moralized prose paraphrase of the ,metamorphoses by the ,benedictine ,pierre ,bersuire1 who in his second edition1 written at ,paris in #acdb1 laid ,legouais under contribution4 ,bersuire wrote in ,latin1 which language ,christine certainly understood1 and how soon his work appeared in ,french it is difficult to say4 ,in the ,berry ,library there were three ,,mss4 of the ,metamorphoses apparently in vernacular prose1#dj any one1 if not all1 of which may have been ,bersuire in a ,french version4 ,there is also a ,french prose version in ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,ms4 #ag ,e4 iv4 in company with the 8ptre d',otha0 itself1 but the ,,ms4 is not earlier than the latter part of the #aeth century4 ,this version is closely connected with that printed at ,bruges in #adhd by ,colard ,mansion1 who supposed the original author to have been1 not ,bersuire1 but ,thomas ,waleys or de ,galles4 ,the two are1 however1 not quite identical1 and the former possibly represents an older version1 which ,mansion revised for printing4 ,but whatever the particular form of ,ovid's ,metamorphoses which ,christine utilized1 her naive interpretations of his mythological tales are no doubt largely her own4 ,in this respect she was certainly not in advance of her age4 ,in the usual euhemeristic fashion she regarded the classical deities and demigods as men and women who by the 8prerogative of some grace0 had raised themselves above their fellows and were for this reason accorded divine honours2 or1 on the other hand1 they were mere inventions of the poets1 who1 for instance1 by inverting the process by which the planets were named from the gods1 made gods of the planets4 ,a fair sample of her method may be seen in the story of ,perseus 7p4 #ae74 ,this hero1 whose name1 by the way1 our ,english translator changed into that of the better known ,arthurian ,sir ,perceval1 was a 8moult vaillant chevalier10 his steed ,pegasus was 8bonne renomme0 or fame1 which carried his name into all lands1 and his deliverance of ,andromeda teaches the aspirant to knighthood the duty of relieving all women in distress4 ,so much may be learnt from the 8glose02 but in the 8allgorie0 ,pegasus becomes the spiritual knight's good angel1 8qui fera bon rapport de lui au jour de jugement10 while ,andromeda is his soul1 which he frees from the power of the fiend4 ,with regard to the many personages and incidents from ,trojan history introduced into the work1 ,christine's authority was evidently a ,french prose romance which in a #aeth century copy in the ,british ,museum 7,add4 ,,ms4 #i1ghe7 is entitled 8,la vraye ystoire de ,troye40 ,its origin has been traced in an instructive article by ,m4 ,paul ,meyer entitled 8,les premires compilations franaises d'histoire ancienne40#da ,it appears to be founded upon the well-known romance of ,troy in ,french verse by ,benot de ,ste4 ,more and to have been composed before #abhg1 and it was employed1 instead of ,dares ,phrygius as was previously the case1 in the second edition of the compilation known as the 8,histoire ancienne jusqu' ,csar40 ,there is1 however1 no reason to doubt that what ,christine worked from was the 8,vraye histoire0 itself4 ,the third authority of which she habitually made use was of a different character1 supplying her1 not with mythological or legendary tales1 but with moral maxims1 one of which1 as we have already remarked1 she generally quoted at the end of each 8glose40 ,these maxims are derived from a singular work known as 8,dicta ,philosophorum10 and consisting of long strings of apophthegms attached to the names of various ancient sages4 ,they begin with ,sedechias1 of whom it is said 8primus fuit per quem nutu ,dei lex precepta fuit10 and besides ,homer1 ,solon1 ,hippocrates1 ,pythagoras1 ,diogenes1 ,socrates1 ,plato1 ,aristotle1 ,alexander of ,macedon1 and ,ptolemy1 they include ,hermes ,trismegistus and such strange and evidently corrupted names as ,tac1 ,salquinus 7or1 as it is written in some ,,mss41 ,zaqualquin71 ,rabion 7or ,sabion71 ,assaron1 ,longinon1 ,magdarges1 ,texillus 7or ,thesillus7 and others1 some of which have a distinctly oriental appearance4 ,the ,arabic original in fact exists in a work written by ,abu-'l-,waf ,mobasschir ibn-,ftik al ,kd1 an emir of ,egypt1 in #ajec4db ,sedechias appears there as ,adam's son ,seth1 and some other of the above names may be dimly recognized in ,sab1 ancestor of the ,sabans1 ,lkman1 ,mahda ,gis1 and ,basilius4 ,from the heading of the ,latin version in the ,,ms4 from which it has been published1#dc it seems that the work was first translated from ,arabic into ,greek1 and then again from ,greek into ,latin1 the last version being by ,john de ,procida1 famous for the prominent part he took in the revolution which freed ,sicily from ,charles of ,anjou and the ,french in #abhb4 ,christine de ,pisan1 however1 apparently employed a popular ,french version made from the ,latin for ,charles ,,vi4 by one of his chamberlains1 ,guillaume de ,tignonville1 who was afterwards ,provost of ,paris 7#adja-adjh7 and died in #adad4 ,as a copy of it at ,paris was written in #adjb1dd it was certainly completed before then1 and the probability is that it preceded the 8ptre d',otha0 by several years4 ,it possesses a special interest from the fact that an ,english version of it had the honour of being the first book actually printed in this country4 ,this was the famous ,dictes and ,sayengis of the ,philosophres1 which ,anthony ,wydeville1 second ,earl ,rivers1 translated from a copy of ,de ,tignonville's work lent to him when he was going on a pilgrimage to ,compostella in #adgc1 and which ,caxton issued from his newly established press at ,westminster in #adgg4de ,neither of them seems to have been aware that another ,english version was in existence1 which dated from #adej4df ,this is still preserved in two ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 but has never been printed4 ,the late #aeth century copy in ,add4 ,,ms4 #cd1aic 7ff4 #acg-bja7 has the advantage of being complete1 but it bears no evidence of origin1 having neither title nor preface and ending merely with the words 8,hic est finis libri moralium philosophorum40 ,harley ,,ms4 #b1bff1 on the contrary1 though it is mutilated at the beginning and elsewhere1 fortunately has the following colophon3 8,this boke byfore wretyn is callid in ,frensh lettris ,ditz de ,philisophius and in ,englysh for to sey the doctryne and e wysedom of the wyse auncyent philysophers1 as ,arystotle1 ,plato1 ,socrates1 ,tholome and suche oer1 translatid out of laten in to frensh to 7sc4 for7 kyng ,charles the vite of ,fraunse by ,wyllyam ,tyngnovyle1 knyght1 late provest of the cyte of ,parys1 and syth now late translatyd out of frensh tung in to englysh the yere of oure ,lord mlccccl4 to 7sc4 for7 ,john ,fostalf1 knyght1 for his contemplacion and solas by ,stevyn ,scrope1 squyer1 sonne in law to the seide ,fostalle4 ,deo gracias40 ,the truth of the statement here made may be accepted without hesitation1 nor is its interest confined to the translation of the 8,dis des ,philosophes0 to which it is attached1 for1 as will be seen below1 it also materially helps to determine the similar origin of the ,english version of ,christine de ,pisan's 8ptre d',otha10 which we now have to consider4 ,if the rubricator had done his work1 no doubt the 8,epistle of ,othea to ,hector0 would have had this title prefixed in conformity with the ,,mss4 of the ,french original4 ,as it is1 the text begins abruptly without a word of heading three lines from the bottom of the first page1 and the only preliminary indication of its nature is furnished by the inscription 8,the ,booke of ,knyghthode10 written1 apparently by a somewhat later hand1 on the old vellum cover1 which now serves for a fly-leaf4 ,this alternative title is peculiar to the ,english version1 and is extracted from the translator's dedicatory preface1 to which source we are also indebted for a clue to his identity and the knowledge of the circumstances under which the translation was made4 ,the anonymous patron1 8noble and worshipfull among the ordre of cheualrie10 to whom the preface is addressed was obviously a person of some consequence4 ,he was of knightly rank and had won great renown in ,france and elsewhere#dg abroad1 having spent most part of his life in 8dedys of cheualrie and actis of armis40 ,he was now1 however1 sixty years of age1 and was compelled by failing strength to seek retirement1 and he is thereupon somewhat pointedly reminded that it behoved him to devote the remainder of his days to conflict with those spiritual enemies that war against the soul4 ,if this were all1 it might have applied to more than one veteran of the protracted ,french war which began in #adae2 but1 when the writer goes on to speak of himself 7p4 #b7 as 8,i1 yowre most humble son ,stevyn10 there can hardly be a doubt that1 as in the case of the above-mentioned translation of the 8,dis des ,philosophes10 we have to do with that famous old warrior ,sir ,john ,fastolf1 ,k4,g41 and his stepson#dh ,stephen ,scrope1 esquire4 ,the briefest summary of ,fastolf's military career#di will suffice to show how closely it accords with the writer's description4 ,son of a ,norfolk squire and born in or about #acgh1 he appears to have begun active service early in the reign of ,henry ,,iv4 with that king's second son1 ,thomas1 afterwards ,duke of ,clarence4 ,in #adja1 though a mere lad of fourteen1 ,thomas of ,lancaster1 as he was then called1 was appointed his father's ,lieutenant in ,ireland4 ,fastolf was in his train there in #adjb1 if not before1 and on #adth ,april1 #adjf1ej he had from him a grant of the office of joint ,chief ,butler of ,ireland during the minority of the ,earl of ,ormonde4 ,he was still in ,ireland when he married ,millicent1 daughter of ,robert1 ,lord ,tiptoft1 and widow of the ,deputy ,lieutenant1 ,sir ,stephen ,scrope4 ,the marriage took place on #acth ,january1 #adji1 only four months after the death 7#dth ,september1 #adjh7 of the lady's first husband1#ea whose son and heir ,stephen was a minor ten or twelve years old at the time4#eb ,besides other advantages1 it gave ,fastolf the control over lands of his wife and stepson in ,yorkshire1 at ,castle ,combe in ,wiltshire1 and elsewhere1 and he seems to have exercised it with little regard to any one's interest except his own4 ,his earliest service in ,france probably dated from #adab4 ,he figures in the long muster-roll of esquires who joined the expedition under ,clarence in ,august of that year1#ec and before its close he had become ,lieutenant of the castle of ,bordeaux4#ed ,with the accession of ,henry ,v4 his energy and undoubted talent for war found ample scope4 ,his contract in ,june1 #adae1ee to serve the king with ten men-at-arms and thirty archers was speedily followed by ,henry's invasion of ,france and the siege of ,harfleur4 ,evidently it was not long before he attracted notice1 for when the town surrendered on #bbnd ,september he was at once put in command of it under the king's uncle1 ,thomas ,beaufort1 ,earl of ,dorset4#ef ,this did not prevent him from displaying his prowess a month later at ,agincourt2 and he was again active in the sieges of ,caen and ,rouen and in other operations during ,henry's second invasion of ,normandy in #adag-adai4 ,hardly any name in fact of secondary rank more frequently recurs in the chronicles and documents of the war for a quarter of a century4 ,already knighted before #bith ,january1 #adae-f1eg he was made a knight banneret in #adbc and a ,knight of the ,garter in #adbf2 and1 only to mention a few of the posts conferred upon him1#eh in #adbj he was made ,governor of the ,bastille of ,st4 ,antoine at ,paris1 in #adbb ,master of the ,household to ,john1 ,duke of ,bedford1 ,regent of ,france1 and in #adbc ,lieutenant of ,normandy and ,governor of ,anjou and ,maine4 ,in the minor battles and sieges which made up so much of the desultory warfare of the time he was everywhere conspicuous4 ,on #bnd ,march1 #adbc1 with the ,earl of ,salisbury1 he recovered ,meulan2 on #agth ,august1 #adbd1 he shared in the victory at ,verneuil and took the ,duke of ,alenon prisoner2 on #aath ,october in the same year he captured ,sill le ,guillaume1 from which he acquired the title of baron2 on #bnd ,august1 #adbe1 again with ,salisbury1 he received the surrender of ,le ,mans#ei2 and on #abth ,february1 #adbi1 when in command of a convoy of much needed supplies for the ,english camp before ,orleans1 he signally defeated a far stronger force of ,french and ,scots at ,rouvray ,st4 ,denis in the famous 8,battle of the ,herrings40 ,up to this point1 so far as is known1 he had met with almost uninterrupted success2 but after the advent of ,jeanne ,darc had caused the raising of the siege of ,orleans1 when the ,english were routed and ,lord ,talbot was taken prisoner at ,pataye on #ahth ,june following1 he barely succeeded in escaping from the field4 ,unfortunately for his fame with posterity1 the charge of cowardice on this occasion made against him in ,monstrelet's ,chronicle was repeated by ,hall and ,holinshed and has been perpetuated in the 8,first ,part of ,henry ,,vi40#fj ,the effect of the charge at the time was1 however1 transient at most1 and there is no need to dwell upon it here1 either on its own account or in its bearing upon the question whether he was the original of ,shakespeare's ,sir ,john ,falstaff4 ,it is contradicted by the chronicler ,wavrin1 who fought in the battle under him1 and it is out of keeping with his whole career2 moreover1 ,talbot1 who was his bitterest accuser1 was already on ill terms with him and1 having flouted his advice just before the battle1 in his chagrin at defeat was perhaps only too ready to make him a scapegoat4 ,the ,regent ,bedford's action in the matter is significant2 for1 although ,fastolf was at first badly received by him1 after a formal inquiry he was again taken into favour and the ,garter1 of which he is said to have been deprived1 was restored to him in spite of ,talbot's protests4 ,nor was less use made of his services afterwards4 ,thus1 between #adcj and #adcd we find him ,lieutenant of ,caen and of ,alenon and ,captain of ,fresnay1 and in #adca he relieved ,vaudemont and captured the ,duke of ,bar4 ,as late as #adce he is spoken of as ,governor of ,anjou and ,maine1#fa and until the ,duke of ,bedford's death on #adth ,september of that year he continued at the head of his household1 being so described both in a list of the ,regent's retinue in #adce and in a highly interesting report on the conduct of the war which he himself drew up about the same time4#fb ,bedford's confidence in him to the last is also clear from the fact that he named him one of the executors of his will4 ,notwithstanding the loss of so powerful a patron and his own advancing years1 ,fastolf was plainly in no hurry to put off his armour2 for1 with the exception of occasional visits to ,england as before1 he remained abroad for at least five years longer4 ,his retirement is generally fixed in #addj1 but there is evidence of his being in ,maine in the following year4#fc ,on #abth ,may1 #adda1 the ,duke of ,york1 ,bedford's successor as ,regent1 granted him a yearly pension of #bj for his services1#fd and probably therefore it was not very long before or after that date that he finally turned his back upon the country from whose unhappy distractions he had won fame and fortune4 ,it is at this stage of his life that we get a glimpse of him in the dedication of the 8,epistle of ,othea40 ,from its language this was written soon after he finally returned home2 in fact it gives his age1 no doubt somewhat loosely1 as sixty1 whereas even in #addj he was probably sixty-two4 ,during the greater part of the period which elapsed before his death on #eth ,november1 #adei1 he seems to have resided chiefly in ,southwark1 where he was within easy reach of a summons to the ,king's ,council1 of which he was a member2 and there is something attractive in the picture which ,stephen ,scrope's words suggest of the war-worn old soldier beguiling his leisure with literary studies4 ,nor are the 8,epistle of ,othea0 and the 8,sayings of the ,philosophers0 the only two translations made at his 8commaundement0 and for his 8contemplacion and solas40 ,in #adha ,caxton printed an ,english version1 rendered from the ,french of ,laurence de ,premierfait1 of ,cicero's 8,de ,senectute40#fe ,on the question of its authorship ,i shall have some remarks to make further on2 but meanwhile it deserves notice that its preface states that it 8was translated and thystoryes openly declared by the ordenaunce and desyre of the noble auncyent knyght ,syr ,johan ,fastolf of the countee of ,norfolk banerette1 lyuyng the age of four score yere1 excercisyng the warrys in the ,royame of ,fraunce and other countrees1 ffor the diffence and vnyuersal welfare of bothe royames of englond and ffraunce by fourty yeres enduryng1 the fayte of armes hauntyng1 and in admynystryng justice and polytique gouernaunce vnder thre kynges1 that is to wete ,henry the fourth1 ,henry the fyfthe1 ,henry the syxthe1 and was gouernour of the duchye of ,angeou and the countee of ,mayne1 ,capytayn of many townys1 ,castellys and fortressys in the said ,royame of ffraunce1 hauyng the charge and saufgarde of them dyuerse yeres1 ocupyeng and rewlynge thre honderd speres and the bowes acustomed thenne1 and yeldyng good acompt of the forsaid townes castellys and fortresses to the seyd kynges and of theyr lyeutenauntes1 ,prynces of noble recomendacion1 as ,johan regent of ffraunce ,duc of ,bedforde1 ,thomas duc of excestre1 ,thomas duc of clarence other lyeutenauntes10 etc4 ,at the same time1 there was another side to ,fastolf's character1 which is revealed in that mine of curious information on the social life and manners of the time1 the well-known ,paston ,letters4 ,through his intimacy with ,john ,paston1#ff who was ultimately his executor and principal heir1 many of his private letters and papers are there preserved1 and they certainly do not exhibit him in a favourable light4#fg ,hot-tempered1 arbitrary and rapacious1 harsh and mean to his dependents1 an exacting creditor and a rancorous litigant1 he was the reverse of ,chaucer's type of the 8verray perfight1 gentil knight40 ,wealthy as he was and childless1 he was still bent on making gain1 partly no doubt to pay for the building of his great castle at ,caister in ,norfolk1 the ruins of which may still be seen4 ,no one perhaps knew him better or had suffered more from his hard dealing than his stepson4 ,some years later than the present work ,stephen ,scrope drew up a formal statement of his wrongs1#fh in which he not only complained that in the disposal of his wardship ,fastolf had bought and sold him 8as a beast10 but even charged him with being the cause of illnesses which had marked him for life#fi and with having at a later period used him so scurvily that he was compelled to sell his manor of ,hever in ,kent and take service with the ,duke of ,gloucester4 ,apparently this sign of independence did not meet ,fastolf's views1 for he soon managed to get him into his own retinue1 and1 as the other admits1 at this time he showed him 8good fatherhood10 employing him at ,honfleur and elsewhere1 probably in a civil capacity1#gj until he returned home in pique at some slight4 ,fastolf's dealings with regard to ,scrope's inheritance are somewhat obscure1 but by some arrangement he contrived to secure ,castle ,combe for life4#ga ,as ,lady ,fastolf died in #addf1 her son by her first marriage1 to whom it should have then come by right1 was thus kept out of it for thirteen years longer1 only enjoying it from his stepfather's death in #adei until his own in #adgb4 ,but in spite of differences the two were apparently not altogether on bad terms2 otherwise neither this translation nor that of the 8,dis des ,philosophes0 would have been made1 and still less would ,scrope have spoken of ,fastolf as he here does4 ,his language indeed is something more than respectful and laudatory4 ,while he fully endorses ,wavrin's description of ,sir ,john as 8moult sage et vaillant chevallier10#gb there is a tone of humility which makes it difficult to realize that the writer was upwards of forty years of age and at least ,fastolf's equal by birth4 ,the nature of their relations may be gathered from a singular letter to the latter about #adee from ,sir ,richard ,bingham1 ,justice of the ,king's ,bench1 whose daughter ,stephen ,scrope had recently married4#gc ,in imploring help for him the writer says#gd3 8444 ,my saide son is and hath be1 and will be to hys lifes ende1 your true lad and servaunt1 and glad and well willed to do that myght be to your pleaser1 wirschip and profit1 and als loth to offend yow as any person in erth1 gentill and well disposid to every person4 ,wherfore ,i besech your gode grace that ye will vouchesafe remember the premissez1 my saide sons age1 his wirschipfull birth1 and grete misere for verrey povert1 for he hath had no liflode to life opon sithen my lady his moder deed1 safe x4 marc of liflode that ye vouched safe to gife hym this last yer1 and therffore to be his good maister and fader4 ,and thof he be not worthy to be your son1 make hym your almesman1 that he may now in his age life of your almesse1 and be your bedeman1 and pray for the prosperite of your noble person44440 ,the result of this appeal1 and of more to the same effect1 is not recorded1 but that ,fastolf could be gracious enough in words is evident from the only letter from him to ,scrope which is included in the ,paston ,letters1#ge written on #cjth ,october1 #adeg4 ,it is addressed1 8,worschepeful and my right wel beloved sone10 and1 after thanking him for his 8good avertismentys and right well avysed lettres10 begs him to recommend to his father-in-law1 ,justice ,bingham1 a suit in which the writer was interested1 and the tone throughout is unexceptionable4 ,there is1 however1 another letter in the ,history of ,castle ,combe 7p4 #bgj71 written from ,calais1 and1 according to the editor1 about #adbj1 which is not so amiable4 ,after ,scrope's second marriage he and his stepfather no doubt lived apart1 but at the time when the 8,epistle of ,othea0 was translated they were probably under the same roof1 and as late as #aded1 when ,caister ,castle was completed and ,fastolf was about to take up his residence there1 it is expressly stated that ,scrope would live with him4#gf ,while there is little doubt that he was incapacitated by weak health from military service and that he was deficient also in force of character1 it cannot be said that1 so far as we can judge from his two translations from the ,french1 he possessed much literary ability4 ,there is nothing original in either of them except the short preface to the 8,epistle of ,othea0 here printed1 and1 interesting as this is in other respects1 its style is so involved that in places it is hardly intelligible4 ,nor is the writer more fortunate in his account of the ,french work which he translated2 for by some strange misunderstanding he deprives its authoress of the credit of it and makes out 7p4 #c7 that it was compiled by doctors of the ,university of ,paris merely at the instance and prayer of the 8fulle wyse gentylwoman of ,frawnce called ,dame ,cristine40 ,it is curious that a very similar statement is made as to her works generally in a marginal note in the 8,boke of ,noblesse10#gg with reference to a passage taken from her 8,livre des faits d'armes10 which1 however1 is wrongly spoken of as the 8,arbre des batailles40 ,it is there said that ,christine was a lady of high birth and character1 who dwelt in a house of religious ladies at ,passy 7,poissy87 near ,paris1 that she maintained with exhibitions several clerks studying in the ,university of ,paris and caused them to compile divers virtuous books1 such as the 8,arbre des batailles10 and that the doctors in consequence attributed the books to ,christine herself4 ,as this note is in the hand of the well-known ,william ,worcester or ,botoner1 who was servant and secretary to ,fastolf1 the two statements no doubt had a common origin1 coming perhaps from ,sir ,john himself4 ,from the prominent way in which ,scrope mentions the ,duke of ,berry it is reasonable to conclude that the ,french ,,ms4 which supplied him with the original text contained a dedicatory address by the authoress to that famous royal bibliophil1 who1 as we know1 was one of her special patrons4 ,in the inventory of his library1 among the ,,mss4 acquired soon after #adja1 there is in fact the entry1#gh 8,item le livre de l'espitre que ,otha la deesse envoia ,ethor 7sc4 ,hector71 compil par damoiselle ,christine de ,pizan1 escript en franois de lettre de court1 trs bien histori 4444 le quel livre la dicte ,cristine a donn mon dit seigneur02 and the probability is that on ,fastolf's return to ,england he brought with him either this identical ,,ms4 or a transcript of it1 together with a copy of ,de ,tignonville's 8,dis des philosophes40 ,existing copies of the 8ptre d',otha0 are not uncommon4 ,in the ,bibliothque ,nationale at ,paris there are twelve1#gi and ,koch 7p4 #ei7 mentions six others at ,brussels1 while the ,british ,museum possesses four4 ,one of these is included in the fine collection of ,christine's poems and other works in ,harley ,,ms4 #d1dca4 ,it is the ,,ms4 8,h10 readings from which are given here in the notes1 and the collotype frontispiece1 which depicts the goddess ,othea personally handing her letter to ,hector1 is reproduced from the second of its numerous miniatures1 one of which precedes each of the hundred 8textes40 ,the collection1 which is of the highest importance1 including pieces found nowhere else1#hj was made by ,christine herself1 apparently about #adaj-adae1 for the ,french queen1 ,isabella of ,bavaria1 the ,,ms4 beginning with an introductory poem of ninety-six lines addressed to her4#ha ,probably it came into the possession of ,john1 ,duke of ,bedford1 ,regent of ,france1 in #adbehb among other ,,mss4 from the royal library of the ,louvre2 for the signature 8,jaquete0 of his second wife1 ,jacquetta of ,luxemburg1 is written on the fly-leaf1 together with that of ,anthony ,wydeville1 ,earl ,rivers1 her son by her second marriage1 in #adcg1 with ,sir ,richard ,wydeville1 who was created ,earl ,rivers in #adff4 ,as we have already seen1 ,anthony1 ,earl ,rivers1 translated the 8,dis des philosophes10 and he also made an ,english version1 printed by ,caxton in #adgh1 of ,christine's 8,proverbes moraux10 the text of which he no doubt obtained from this ,,ms4 ,after he perished on the scaffold in #adhh1 the volume passed by some means to ,louis de ,bruges1 ,sieur de ,gruythuyse1 created ,earl of ,winchester in #adgb1 whose motto and name1 8,plus est en vous4 ,gruthuse10 appear on the same page4 ,in #afgf it belonged to ,henry ,cavendish1 ,duke of ,newcastle1 and no doubt it found its way into the ,harley collection by the marriage of his grand-daughter ,lady ,henrietta ,cavendish-,holles in #agac to ,edward ,harley1 ,lord ,harley1 second ,earl of ,oxford in #agbd4 ,that it was known to ,fastolf1 when ,master of the ,household to the ,regent ,bedford1 is likely enough2 but the copy of the 8ptre d',otha0 included in it can hardly have been the one used by ,scrope1 as it is dedicated1 not to the ,duke of ,berry1 but to his nephew ,louis1 ,duke of ,orleans4 ,after some lines of apostrophe to the 8,fleur de lis0 and to 8,seigneurie10 which begin1 8,tres haulte flour1 par le monde louee1 ,a tous plaisant et de dieu auouee10 it proceeds1 8,et a vous tres noble prince excellant1 ,dorliens duc loys1 de grant renom1 ,filz de ,charles ,roy quint de cellui nom1 ,qui fors le roy ne congnoiscez greigneur1 ,mon tres loue et redoubte seigneur1 ,dumble vouloir moy1 poure creature1 ,femme ignorant1 de petite estature1 ,fille iadis philosophe et docteur1 ,qui conseiller et humble seruiteur ,vostre pere fu1 que dieu face grace1 ,et iadis vint de ,boulongne la grace1 ,dont il fu ne1 par le sien mandement1 ,maistre ,thomas de pizan1 autrement ,de ,boulonge1 fu dit et surnomme1 ,qui sollempnel clerc estoit renomme40 99 99 99 99 99 ,this is the dedication which appears1 not only in some other ,,mss4 but in the edition printed by ,philippe ,pigouchet at ,paris1 probably in #adij1 under the title ,les cent histoires de troye4#hc ,of the other three manuscript copies in the ,british ,museum1 ,royal ,,ms4 #ad ,e4 ii4 7f4 #bid7 and #ag ,e4 iv4 7f4 #bgb7 have no dedication at all1 while that in ,harley ,,ms4 #bai 7f4 #ajf7 appeals to a third patron3 8,prince excellent de haute renommee1 ,de qui grand vois par le mond est semee1 ,tres noble en fais1 sage1 duit et apris ,de touz les biens qui en bon sont compris1 ,roy noble et haut chiualer conquerour1 ,digne destre par vaillaunce ,emperour1 ,a vous puissant1 tres redoute seignour1 ,qui dessur vous ne cognoise greignour1 ,soit tres humble recommendacioun ,deuant mise de vray entencioun ,de par moy que en sagesse non digne ,femme ignorant suy nommee ,cristine1 ,fille iadis philosophe et docteur1 ,qui conseiller fu1 humble seruiteur ,au ,roy ,charles quint1 qui dieu face grace40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the king who is thus addressed can be no other than the unfortunate ,charles ,,vi41 although any hopes that he once excited had by this time been dispelled by his strange intermittent fits of insanity1 which dated from #acib4 ,very similar terms were employed in the dedication to him by name of the 8,chemin de long estude0 in #adjb3 8,a vous1 bon roy de ,france redoubtable1 ,le ,,vie ,charles du nom notable1 ,que ,dieux maintienge en joie et en sante1 ,mon petit dit soit premier presente1 ,tout ne soit il digne qu'en telz mains aille1 ,mais bon vouloir comme bon fait me vaille40 ,in this instance1 however1 ,christine associated with him his uncles ,berry and ,burgundy and his brother ,orleans1 who during his incapacity divided the real power between them3 8,et puis a vous1 haulz ducs magnifiez1 ,dicelle fleur fais et ediffiez1 ,dont l'esplendeur s'espant par toute terre1 ,par quel honneur fait los a ,france a querre40 ,in her presentation copies she was not wont to measure her language1 and probably ,scrope's extravagant eulogy of the ,duke of ,berry was based upon what he found in his ,,ms41 although1 instead of translating the dedication as it stood1 he chose to embody it in his preface4 ,on the other hand1 ,christine of course was in no way responsible for the statement that the duke lived for a hundred years 7p4 #c74 ,how it originated is a mystery1 for there is no doubt whatever that he died on #aeth ,june1 #adaf1 at the age of seventy-six4#hd ,jean ,bouchet indeed in his ,annales d',aquitaine1#he although he records the date of his death correctly1 states that he was ninety or thereabouts1 but he gives no authority1 and it is enough to say that ,berry's father ,king ,john ,,ii4 was born in #acai1 and his eldest brother ,charles ,v4 in #accg4 ,it will be seen that ,scrope represents him as a perfect paragon of chivalrous qualities1 unrivalled in his time both in war and in council1 as well as for deeds of piety4 ,in more sober history1 however1 he by no means appears to such advantage4 ,his cultured and sumptuous tastes1 his splendid buildings and his library and other rich collections1 have shed a certain lustre on his name2 but1 as he showed especially in his government of ,languedoc1 he was cruel1 rapacious1 and unprincipled1 and in critical times his life was that of a selfish and prodigal voluptuary4 ,for war he had neither talent nor zest2 his real element appears to have been diplomacy1 and1 apart from his patronage of art and letters and his benefactions to the church1 his chief claim to credit rests on his repeated attempts to mediate between the ,burgundian and ,orleanist factions4 ,scrope's estimate of him is in striking contrast with that of modern historians1 such as ,raynal#hf and ,martin1 the latter of whom in recording his death writes1 8,ce prince laissa une mmoire souille entre toutes dans cette poque de souillures4 ,il joignait bien d'autres vices le vice que la ,france pardonne le moins ses chefs1 le pch irremissible1 la lchet40#hg ,to pass from the preface to the 8,epistle of ,othea0 itself1 there is no reason to suppose that the translator had received the training of a scholar2 on the contrary1 the probability is that1 owing to a sickly youth and other drawbacks1 his education had been more or less neglected4 ,it is not even certain that he had been regularly taught ,french4 ,from a curious passage interpolated by ,trevisa in his translation of ,higden's 8,polychronicon10 which was finished in #achg1 it seems that the fashion was then already dying out among the class to which by birth he belonged1#hh and possibly therefore he learnt all he knew of the language while he was with his stepfather in ,france4 ,be that as it may1 his rendering of ,christine de ,pisan's ,french may claim on the whole to be fairly well done4 ,the verse of his 8textes0 is too much of the doggrel type and his meaning is sometimes obscure1 but as a rule he follows the original closely1 while the orthography of the ,,ms41 though atrociously bad1 is no worse than what we are accustomed to in the ,paston ,letters and elsewhere at the same period4 ,occasionally1 as is only natural1 he goes astray1 though it is of course possible that the fault lay with the ,,ms4 from which he translated4 ,in most cases the source of his errors is obvious4 ,thus he translates 8ton bon cuer0 7p4 #e7 by 8all good hertys10 having evidently mistaken 8ton0 for 8tout02 and again 8en quant fraisle vaissel est sa vie contenue0 7p4 #bh7 by 8in how frele 7sc4 frail7 a vessel his lyff is all naked0 7toute nue76 ,similarly 8conscience pour soy0 7p4 #af7 appears as 8conscience for feyth0 7foy72 8ala querre les autres dieux0 7p4 #fb7 as 8thanne went he forth to seek the tothir iio0 7deux72 8mais a nostre propos la fable veult dire0 7ibid47 as 8,mars to owre purpose seith02 and 8gard toy de lagait 7l'agait7 de tes ennemis0 7p4 #gc7 as 8kepe the 7sc4 thee7 from the peple 7la gent7 of thyn ennemyes40 ,it is not so easy to understand the process by which the simple sentence 8,vanite fist lange devenir deable0 7p4 #ae7 was transformed into 8,vanite made avoyde degre to becum a fende10 whatever that may mean2 or why in the story of ,acis and ,galatea 7p4 #fe7 8un iouuencel qui ,acis estoit nommez0 became 8and he was dede0 7sc4 dead71 though possibly in this case there was some confusion between 8acis0 and 8occis40 ,but the strangest mistranslation is in the words 8,averyse and covetise be iio sausmakers the which sesseth neuer to seye1 #8,bryng1 ,bryng'0 7p4 #aje71 where the ,french text has 8sont ii4 sancsues10 sanguisug1 or leeches4 ,the reference of course is to ,proverbs xxx4 #ae1 8,the horseleach hath two daughters1 crying1 #8,give1 give'02 and1 as stated in the note1 8horseleeches0 is in fact the rendering given in another translation of ,christine's work4 ,scrope's 8sausmakers0 can hardly be anything but 8sauce-makers10#hi but it is not impossible that he coined the mongrel word 8sanc-suckers10 which the scribe miscopied4 ,the second ,english translation of the 8ptre d',otha0 referred to above can be so little known that a brief account of it will not be superfluous4 ,it exists only in the form of a small printed octavo in black-letter with the title ,here foloweth the ,c4 ,hystoryes of ,troye1 and there is no doubt that it was taken from ,pigouchet's ,french edition of #adij1ij or one of the reprints2 in fact it copies the second title in ,french1 merely omitting the imprint 8 ,paris40 ,many of its rough woodcuts1 one of which accompanies each 8texte10 also come from the same source1 being generally reversed1 but others are independent and their subjects often have no connexion whatever with the text4 ,in place of the dedication to the ,duke of ,orleans the translator gives a prologue of his own in ten seven-line stanzas1 the first two of which are as follows3 8,boke1 of thy rudenesse by consyderacion ,plunged in the walowes of abasshement1 ,for thy translatoure make excusacion ,to all to whom thou shalt thy selfe present1 ,besechynge them vpon the sentement ,in the composed to set theyr regarde ,and not on the speche cancred and frowarde4 8,shewe them that thy translatour hath the wryten1 ,not to obtain thankes or remuneracions1 ,but to the entent to do the to be wryten ,as well in ,englande as in other nacyons4 ,and where mysordre in thy translation is1 ,vnto the perceyuer with humble obeysaunce ,excuse thy reducer1 blamyng his ygnoraunce40 ,all the information which he gives about himself in this prologue is that1 when he made his translation1 he was 8flowring in youth10 but after the 8,finis0 he has added1 8,thus endeth the 4,c4 ,hystories of ,troye1 translated out of ,frenche in to ,englysshe by me4 ,r4,w40 ,this again is followed by the colophon1 8,imprynted by me ,robert ,wyer1 dwellyng in ,s4 ,martyns parysshe at ,charyng ,crosse at the sygne of ,s4 ,john ,euangelist besyde the ,duke of ,suffolkes place02 and it is therefore highly probable that ,r4 ,w4 and ,robert ,wyer were identical1 though the latter is not otherwise known except as a printer4 ,a list of nearly a hundred books issued by him has been made up1#ia ranging in date from #aecj to #aeef1 and all those which1 as in this instance1 have the ,duke of ,suffolk's name in the imprint must have been published after #aecf1 when the property referred to1 which previously belonged to the ,bishop of ,norwich1 passed into his possession4 ,the date of the book therefore is about #aedj-aeej1 though the translation may have been made some years before4 ,for the sake of comparison with the earlier version of ,stephen ,scrope1 one of the texts with its commentary is here given3 ,,the 4,,xxviii4 ,,texte4 ,loue and prayse ,cadmus so excellente1 ,and his dyscyples holde thou in chyerte4 ,he gaygned the fountayne of the ,serpente ,with ryght great payne afore that it wolde be4 ,,the 4,,xxviii4 ,,glose4 ,cadmus was a moche noble man and founded ,thebes1 whiche cytie was greatly renomed4 ,he set there a study he hym selfe was moche profoundly lettered and of great science4 ,and therfore sayth the fable that he daunted the serpent at the fountayne1 that is to vnderstande the science and sages that alwayes springeth2 the ,serpent is noted for the payne and trauayle which it behoueth the student to daunte afore that he maye purchase scyence4 ,and the fable sayth that he hym self became a serpent1 which is to vnderstande he was a corrector and mayster of other4 ,so wol ,othea say that the good knight ought to loue and honour the clerkes lettered1 which ben grounded in science4 ,to this purpose sayeth ,arystotle to ,alexandre1 8,honour thou scyence and fortyfie it by good maysters40 ,,the 4,,xxviii4 ,,allegorie4 ,cadmus whiche daunted the ,serpent at the fountayne1 whiche the good knyght ought to loue1 we may vnderstande the blyssed humanite of ,jesu christ1 which dompted the serpent and gaigned the fountayne1 that is to say the lyfe of this world1 from the which he passed afore with great payne and with great trauayle4 ,wherof he had perfyte victory whan he rose agayne the thyrd day1 as sayth ,s4 ,thomas1 8,tertia die resurrexit a mortuis40 ,in conclusion it only remains to say a few words on the possible connexion of ,stephen ,scrope with two other works already mentioned1 which1 like his 8,epistle of ,othea0 or 8,boke of ,knyghthode0 and his 8,sayings of the ,philosophers10 were written for ,sir ,john ,fastolf or under his influence4 ,one of them1 the 8,boke of ,noblesse10 is preserved in a unique copy in the ,british ,museum1 ,royal ,,ms4 #ah ,b4 xxii41 and was edited for the ,roxburghe ,club in #ahfj by ,mr4 ,j4 ,gough ,nichols4 ,in the form in which it has come down to us1 it was addressed to ,edward ,,iv4 at the time of his invasion of ,france in #adge1 professing to be 8write and entitled to courage and comfort noble men in armes to be in perpetuite of remembraunce for here noble dedis1 as right conuenient is soo to bee10 or1 more precisely1 for the purpose of inciting the ,english to recover by force of arms their lost foreign conquests4 ,the contents were admirably summarized in the editor's introduction1 and all that need be said of them here is that1 in addition to a highly interesting retrospect of ,english relations with ,france1 they include a large amount of matter derived from a ,french treatise on the art of war1 which is spoken of as the 8,arbre de ,batailles0 and attributed to 8,dame ,cristyn40 ,although the editor failed to identify the author1 he pointed out that he must have been intimately associated with ,fastolf and had access to his papers4 ,strictly speaking1 ,fastolf's name is not specially prominent except in the marginal insertions and notes1 where the writer refers to him as 8myne autor0 and gives several curious anecdotes as heard from his lips4 ,the body of the ,,ms4 is clearly not autograph2 but these additions1 together with the title and colophon1#ib are in a different handwriting1 and1 although the editor seems to have been unaware of the fact1 it is beyond question that of ,william ,worcester1 or ,botoner1 who was not only ,fastolf's servant and secretary1 but is also known as an annalist and a diligent collector of matter on historical1 topographical and other subjects4#ic ,the editor therefore dismissed his claims to the authorship of the work rather too hastily1 for1 as the final touches were certainly his1 the only question is whether he was also responsible for the whole of it from its inception4 ,from the limit of date of the events mentioned there is some reason to believe that it was originally composed within ,fastolf's lifetime and was only revised and enlarged in #adge for a special occasion2 and its date may perhaps be fixed still more exactly1 since there is an allusion 7p4 #db7 to 8another gret armee and voiage fordone for defaut and lak of spedy payment this yere of ,crist ,mlccccli40 ,apart from the final additions there is evidence to connect ,worcester with it in a passage of the prologue to a series of documents relating to the wars in ,france which were collected by him1#id mainly no doubt from materials that belonged to ,fastolf1 and which may be regarded as pices justificatives to the 8,boke of ,noblesse40 ,this collection also appears to have been designed for ,edward ,,iv41 but the original prologue was awkwardly recast1 as we now have it1 after ,worcester's death by his son for dedication to ,richard ,,iii4 ,the passage in it referred to1 for which he is responsible1 is as follows3 8,and ,i1 as moost symple of reasone1 youre righte humble legemane1 cannot atteyne to understond the reasons and bokes that many wise philosophurs of gret auctorite have writtene upone this vertue of ,force1 but that my pore fadyr1 ,william ,worcestre 444 toke upone hym to write in this mater and compiled this boke to the most highe and gretly redoubted kyng1 your most nobille brodyr and predecessoure1 shewyng after his symple connyng1 after the seyng of the masters of philosophie1 as ,renatus ,vegesius in his ,boke of ,batayles1 also ,julius ,frontinus in his ,boke of ,knyghtly ,laboures1 callid in ,greke ,stratagematon1 a new auctoure callid ,the ,tree of ,batayles40 ,obviously this cannot apply to the purely historical documents of which the collection itself consists4 ,it is1 however1 strongly suggestive of the 8,boke of ,noblesse10 to which they are1 as it were1 an appendix1 and coupled with the evidence of the handwriting of the additions1 it leaves little room for doubt that ,william ,worcester was its author4 ,at the same time1 it is by no means unlikely that ,stephen ,scrope also had a hand in it4 ,if indeed it was wholly compiled in #adge1 this is impossible1 since he died in #adgb4ie ,assuming1 however1 for the reason given above1 that it dates from #adea1 or thereabouts1 he was residing at the time with ,fastolf and was no doubt on familiar terms with ,worcester4 ,as already remarked1 a prominent feature of the work is the number of extracts translated from the so-called 8,arbre de ,batailles0 of 8,dame ,cristyn40 ,this1 however1 was not1 as the editor supposed1 ,honor ,bonet's treatise of that name#if assigned to a wrong author1 but ,christine de ,pisan's 8,faits d'armes et de chevalerie0 under a wrong title4#ig ,whether ,worcester was capable of making translations from it as early as #adea is somewhat doubtful2 for he seems to have only begun to learn ,french about ,august1 #adeh1ih little more than a year before ,fastolf's death4 ,scrope on the contrary had before this translated two ,french works for the latter1 one of them being by the same ,christine1 and it is therefore in this part of the 8,boke of ,noblesse10 if at all1 that he may possibly have collaborated4 ,unlike the last-named work1 the anonymous ,english version of ,cicero's 8,de ,senectute0 which ,caxton printed in #adha has already been attributed to ,william ,worcester1#ii the ground of this assumption being an entry made in his 8,itinerarium10#ajj that on #ajth ,august1 #adgc1 he presented to ,bishop ,waynflete at ,esher a translation which he had made of this treatise1 but got nothing in return4 ,apart from this statement there is no more reason for attributing ,caxton's text to ,worcester than to ,scrope4 ,the language is better than might have been expected from either of them1 but as no ,,ms4 copy exists1 we cannot tell to what extent it was edited by ,caxton4 ,in the preface1 as may be seen above 7p4 xxx471 it is said that the translation was made from the ,french of ,laurence de ,premierfait by ,sir ,john ,fastolf's 8ordenaunce and desyre40 ,as there is no reason to doubt this1 its date cannot be later than #adei1 so that1 if ,worcester was the translator1 he kept it at least thirteen years before he offered it to ,waynflete4 ,this does not seem very likely1 and his translation was therefore possibly a different one altogether1 completed shortly before the occasion when the bishop so disappointed him by his cold acceptance of it4 ,the earlier version in that case was almost certainly by ,scrope2 but1 where so much is left to conjecture1 the most that can be said is that the evidence upon which it has hitherto been assigned to ,worcester is not wholly conclusive4 ,g4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,errata4 ,p4 #b1 l4 #f1 for yowr emost read yowre most4 ,p4 #aa1 l4 #a1 for streygth read streyngth4 ,p4 #ai1 l4 #ag1 for yif is read yif it4 ,p4 #ef1 ,text lii41 l4 #c1 transfer semicolon to end of line4 ,p4 #gb1 note #c1 for metu ,dei read nutu ,dei4 ,p4 #ajd1 ,text xci41 l4 #c1 for thyre read thyne4 ,,the ,,epistle ,,of ,,othea ,,to ,,hector2 ,,or ,,the ,,boke ,,of ,,knyghthode4 ,noble#aja and worshipfull among the ordre of cheualrie1 renommeed ffor in as much as ye and suche othir noble knyghtes and men of worchip haue exerciced and occupied by long continuaunce of tyme the grete part of yowre dayes in dedys of cheualrie and actis of armis1 to the whiche entent ye resseyved the ordre of cheualrie1 that is to sey1 principaly to be occupied in kepyng and defendyng the cristyn feythe1 e rigth of the chirch1 the lond1 the contre and the comin welefare of it--,and now1 seth it is soo that the naturel course off kynde1 by revolucion and successyon of 4lx4 yeeres growyn vpon yowe at this tyme of age and feblenesse1 ys comen1 abatyng youre bodly laboures1 takyng away yowre naturall streyngtht and power from all such labouris as concernyth the exercysing off dedis of cheuallrie1 be it yowre noble courage and affeccion of such noble and worchipfull actis and desirys departyth not from yow1 yet rygth necessarie it now were to occupie the tyme of yowre agys and feblenes of bodie in gostly cheuallrie off dedes of armes spirituall1 as in contemplacion of morall wysdome and exercisyng gostly werkys which that may enforce and cavse yow to be callid to the ordire of knyghthode that schal perpetuelly endure and encrese in ioye and worship endelese4 ,and therefor ,i1 yowre most humble sone ,stevyn1 whiche that haue wele poundered and consideryd the many and grete entreprises of labouris and aventuris that ye haue embaundoned and yovyn youre selph to by many yeeris contynued1 as wele in ,fraunce and ,normandie as in othir straunge regions1 londes and contrees--and ,god1 which is souuerayne cheueten and knyght off all cheualrie1 hath euer preseruyd and defendid yow in all yowre seyde laboures off cheualrye into this day1 ffor the which ye be most specyaly obliged and bownden to becom hys knyght in yovre auncient age1 namely for to make ffyghtyng ayen youre goostly ennemyes1 that allwey be redy to werre wyth youre sovle1 the ,sidenote3 f4 #c4 which1 and ye ouerecom hym1 shall cawse yow to be in renomme and worchyp in ,paradis euerlastyng--,i1 consideryng thees premisses wyth othir1 have 7be the suffraunce off yowre noble and good ffadyrhode and by yowre commaundement7 take vpon me at this tyme to translate ovte off ,frenche tong1 ffor more encrese of vertu1 and to reduce into owre modyr tong a ,book off ,knyghthode1 as wele off gostly and spirituell actis off armys for the sowle hele as of wordly#ajb dedys and policie gouernaunce1 and which is auctorised and grounded fryst vpon the 4iiii4 ,cardinal ,vertous1 as ,justice1 ,prudence1 ,fors and ,temperaunce1 also exempled vpon the grete conceytys and doctrine off fulle wyse pooetys and philosophurs1 the whiche teche and covnesell how a man schuld be a knyght for the world prynspally1 as in yeftis off grace vsyng1 as the ,cardinalle ,vertuus make mencion1 ffryst in iustice kepyng1 prvdently hym self gouuernyng1 hys streynght bodely and gostly vsyng1 and magnanimite conseruyng1 and allso gouuernyng hymself as a knyght in the seyde ,cardinall ,vertuouse kepyng4 ,which materis1 conseytys and resons be auctorised and approued vpon the textys and dictes off the holde#ajc poetys and wyse men called ,philosophurs4 ,and allso ye schal fynde here in this seyde ,boke off ,cheuallry how and in whatte maner ye1 and all othir off whatte astate1 condicion or degre he be off1 may welle be called a knyght that ouercomyth and conqveryth hys gostly ennemyes by the safegard repuignand defence off hys sovle1 wich among all othir victories and dedys off worchip is most expedient and necessarie1 where as dayly in grettest aventures a man puttyth hym inne and most wery he is to be renommed in worchip and callid a knyght that dothe exercise hys armes and dedys off knyghthode in gostly dedys1 in conqveryng his gostly ennemees and ouyrcomyng e peple and aventure off the world4 ,and this seyde boke1 at the instavnce and praer off a fulle wyse gentylwoman of ,frawnce called ,dame ,cristine1 was compiled and grounded by the famous doctours of the most excellent in clerge the nobyl ,vniuersyte off ,paris1 made to the ful noble famous prynce and knyght off renovnne in his dayes1 beyng called ,jon1 ,duke of ,barry1 thryd son to ,kyng ,jon of ,frawnce1 that he throwe hys knyghtly labourys1 as welle in dedys of armes temporell as spirituell exercisyng by the space and tyme of 4c4 yeerys#ajd lyvyng1 flowrid and rengnyd in grete worchip and renownne of cheualry4 ,and in thre thyngges generaly he exercisyd his knyghtly labowris4 ,thereof oon was in victories1 dedis of cheualrie and of armys1 in defendyng the seyde royalme of ,frawnce from his ennemyes4 ,the second was in grete police vsyng1 as of grete cowneseylles and wysdomys1 yevyng and executing the same for the conseruacyon of iustice and transquillite and alsoo pease kepyng for all the comon welleffare of that noble royaulme4 ,the thredde was in spirytuell and gostly dedys yovyn ontoo for the helthe and wellfare of hys sovle4 ,and in euery of these thre thynggys the seyde prynce was holden ful cheualrouse and suremounted in his dayes above all othir4 ,wych schewyth welle opynly to euery vnder-stander ,sidenote3 f4 #d4 in the seyde booke redyng that it was made acordyng to hys seyde victorious dedis and actis of worchip exercysyng4 ,and the seyde booke ys diuidyd in thre partys gederid in a summe of an 4c4 textys1 drawen vpon the dictis and conceytys of the seyd most famous poetys off olde tyme beyng1 as ,vyrgyl1 ,ouyde1 ,omer and othir2 and also with an 4c4 commentys therevpon1 callid exposicyons or glosis vpon the seyde textys1 of exemplys temporell of policie gouernaunce and worldlye wysdoms and dedys1 grovndyed and also exempled by experiens and by auctorite of the auncient philosophurs and clerkes1 as ,hermes1#aje ,plato1 ,salomon1 ,aristotiles1 ,socrates1 ,ptholome and suche othir4 ,and vpon thies exemplis and glosis is made and wretyn also an othyr 4c4 allegories and moralizacions1 applied and moralized to actis and dedys of werkyng spirituell1 for to doctrine enforme and to lerne euery man nov lyvyng in this world how he schuld be a knyht exercisyng and doyng the dedys of armys gostly1 for euerlastyng victorie and helthe of the sovle4 ,which allegories and moralizacions ben grovnded and auctorised vpon the 4iiii4 holy doctoris of the chirche1 as ,austyn1 ,jerom1 ,gregorie1 ,ambrose1 alsoo vpon the ,bible1 the ,holy ,ewaungelistes and ,epistollys and othyr holy doctorus1 as here textis more opynly schalle appere hereafftyr4 ,fiat4 ,fiat4 ,amen4 ,i4 ,othea1 of prudence named godesse1 ,that setteth goode in worthynesse1 ,to the1#ajf ,hector1 noble prince myghty1 ,that in armes is evere worthye1 ,the sone of ,mars1#ajg the god of bateyle1 ,in dedys of armes which wyll not fayle1 ,and of myghty ,minerve1 the godes1 ,sidenote3 f4 #e4 ,the whiche in armes is hy maystres1 ,sucessoure of the noble ,troyens1 ,heyre#ajh of ,troye and of the ceteseyns1 ,salutacion afore sette plenere ,i sende1 wyth love feyned in no manere4 ,o good lorde1 how am ,i desyryng ,thi grete avayle1 which ,i goo sekeyng1 ,and that aumented and preseruyd ,it may be1 and euer obseruede ,thy worchipe and worthines in old age1 ,that thow hast gretly hadde in thi fryst age4 ,now for to schewe the my pistile playnely1 ,i wyll the enorte and telle verily ,off thyngges that be ful necessarie ,to hye worthynesse and the contrarie1 ,to the opposite off worthinesse1 ,so that all goode hertys may theym dres#aji ,for to gete be goode besy lernynge ,the hors that in the eyre is flyynge 7,it is named the ,pegasus truly71 ,that all louers loueth hyly4#aaj ,and because of thi condycion ,i knowe be rygth inclynacion ,able to take knythly dedys on hand ,more than is in othir 4v4 score thowsand 7,for as a godes ,i haue knovynge1 ,not by the assay but by kunnyng1 ,of thynges the which be on to kome71 ,i owthe to thynkke on the1 hole and some#aaa2 ,for ,i knowe thowe shalte be euer duryng1 ,worthiest of all the worthy lyvyng1 ,and schall afore all othir namyd be1 ,so that ,i may be belouyd of the4 ,belovyd1 why schuld not ,i be soo8 ,i am that the which arayeth all thoo ,that loueth me and holdyth me dere2 ,i rede theym lessons in chaiere1 ,which maketh theym clyme heuen onto4 ,i pray the that thow be oon off tho ,that will here inne beleve me wele4#aab ,now sete it well thane in thy mynd and fele ,the wordes that ,i wyll to the endyte1 ,and yf thowe here me owght telle1 sey or wryte ,any thyng that for to come may be ,as that ,i seye1 vmbethynke the ,as that they were past1 so do thow oughte ,knowe ryght wele that they be in my thought ,in the spyrite off profecie4 ,vndirstonde wele nowe and greve not the1 ,for ,i shall no thyng sey but that schalle falle4 ,thynke wele the comyng is not yet at all4 ,othea opon the ,greke may be takyn for the wysedome off man and woman#aac1 and as ancient pepyll of hold tyme1 not havynge yit at that tyme lyght of feythe1 wirchippyd many goddys1 vndyr the which lawe be passed the hyest lordes that hathe ben in the world1 as the reaume off ,assire1 of ,perse1 the ,grekys1 the ,troyens1 ,alexandre1 the ,romaynes and many other1 anamly the grettest philosophurs that#aad euer was--so as yet at that tyme ,god hade not oppenyd the ate off mercy1 but we ,crysten men and women now at this tyme by the grace of ,god enlumynid wyth very feyth may bryng ayene to morall mynde the oppinyons of ancient pepyll and thereopon many feyre allegories may be made--and as they hade ,sidenote3 f4 #f4 a costom to worchipe all thynge the which above the comon cours of thynges hade prerogatyue of some grace1 many wyse ladyes in there tyme were called godesses4 ,and trwe it ys1 aftyr the storie1 that in the tyme that grete#aae ,troye fflorishede in his grete name a ful wyse ladie callede ,othea1 consyderyng the ffre thought#aaf of ,hector of ,troye1 the which that tyme ffloryshed in vertues1 and that it be a shewynge of fortunes to be in hym in tyme commynge1 sche sent hyme many grete and notabil yiftys1 and namly the fayre stede that men callyd ,galathee1 the which had no felawe in all the worlde4 ,and becavse that all wordly graces that a good man oughte for to have were in ,hector1 morally we may sey that he toke theyme by the cownsel of ,othea1 the which sent hyme this pystylle4 ,by ,othea we schall vndirstond by the vertu of prudence and of wysedome1 wherewyth he was arayed2 and because the ,cardinal ,vertues ben necessarie to good pollicie1 we schall speke of them1 sewynge ich after othyr4 ,and to e fryst we have youen a name and takyn a maner of speche in some wyse poetykly1 the bettyr to folewe owre matere acordyng to the very storie1 and to owre purpoyse we schall take some auctoritees of ancient philosophres4 ,thus we schall sey that by the seyde lady this present was yovyn or sente to goode ,hector1 the which in lech wyse may be to all other desirynge bounte and wysedome4 ,and as the vertue of prudence ought gretely to be recomendede1 ,aristotle1 the prynce off philosophurs1 seyth1 8,becavse that wysedome is e most noble off all othir thynges1 it schulde be shevyd by the best resone and the most behouely maner that myghte be40 ,fore to bryng ayen to allegorie the purpos of owre matyr to owre wordes1 we schall applique ,holy ,scrypture to edificacion of the soule1 beyng in wrecheed worlde4 ,as by the grete wysedome and hye myte of ,god all thynges that be resonabily made all scholde streche to the ende of hyme1 and becawse that owre speryt1 mad off ,god to hys lekenes1 is made of thynges moste noble aftyr the aungelles1 it is behouely and necessarie that it be arayed wyth vertues1 whereby it may be conveyed to the ende for the which it was made4 ,and becavse it was lettyd by the assautes of the wacches#aag of the enemy of helle1 the which is his dedely enemye and aduersarie and oftyn distourbeth it to come to hys beaute1#aah we may calle mankyndely lyfe very cheualrie1 as the ,scripture seyth in many partes1 and standyng#aai all erthyly thynges#abj be desceyvable1#aba we schulde haue in contynuell mynde the tyme ,sidenote3 f4 #g4 for to come1 which is wythowte ende4 ,and because this is the grete wysedome of perfite knygthhode and that all othir be of no comparison to regarde of the victorius peple the which be corounede in blys1 we schal take a maner of speche of gostly knyhthode1 that is to be done princypally to the preysynge of ,god and to the profyth of thoo at wylle delyte theyme to here this present dittee4 ,howe prudence and wysedome is modyr and conditoures of all vertues1 wythowte the which the tothire may not be well gouernede1 it is necessarie to gostly knyghthode to be arayed wyth prudence1 as ,seynte ,austyn seyth in the book of ,singularite off ,clerkes1#abb that in what maner of place prudence be men may lyghtly cesse and amende#abc all contrarius thynges1 but there where prudence is despisyd all contrarius thynges hath domynacyon4 ,and to this purpoose ,salamon seyth in his ,proverbis1 8,si intraverit sapientia cor tuum et scientia anim tu placuerit1 consilium custodiet te et prudentia servabit te40#abd ,,ii4 ,and to the entent that know may be ,what thou schuldeste do1 drawe vnto e ,the vertues that may the most restore1 ,the bettir to come to that seyde afore ,of the worshipful chevalroures4#abe ,allthoughe that it be aventerous1 ,yet schall ,i sey whi that ,i sey thus4 ,a cosyn germayne#abf ,i haue1 ,i wys4 ,fullefyllyd sche is beaute wyth all2 ,but of all thynges in specyall ,sche ys ful softe and temperede full wele2 ,of stroke of ire felyth sche no dele2 ,sidenote3 f4 #h4 ,sche thynkkyth no thynge but of rygth balance4 ,it is the godesse of ,temperance4 ,i may not all only but by hyre face ,haue the name of that by myghty grace2 ,for yef the weghte ne were sche to the made1 ,the all were not worthe a leke blade4#abg ,therefor ,i wyll that with me sche love the4 ,yf she wyll1 lete hire note forgetyn be2 ,for she is ryght a wele lerned godesse1 ,hyr witte ,i love and prays myche in distrese4 ,othea seyth that ,temperance is here cosyn germayne1#abh the which he schuld loue2 for the vertu of temperance may veryly be seyde cosyn germayne and lykennd to prudence1 for temperans is schewer of prudence and of prudence folwyth temperance4 ,therefor it is seide that he shulde hold hyr for his love2 and euery good knygth shulde do the same1 that desiryth due prayse of goode peple4 ,as the philosophre ,demetricus#abi seyth1 8,temperance moderath vices and perfyteth vertues40 ,the good spiryte shuld haue the vertue of temperance1 the whiche hath the propirte to lemyte and to sede on syde superfluytes4#acj ,for ,seynt ,austyn seyth in the book of the condycions#aca 444 of concupyscence1 the whiche be contrary to vs and lettyth vs from ,godes lawe1 and more also to dispite fleschely delytys and worldly praysynge4 ,seynt ,petir spekyth to that purpose in hys fyrst ,pystyl1 8,obsecro vos tanquam advenas et peregrinos abstinere vos a carnalibus desideriis1 qu militant adversus animam04#acb ,,iii4 ,and wyth vs streyngth be honesty e yete4 ,if that be gretter vertues thou sete1 ,thou moste the turne toward ,hercules ,and behold wele his grete worthines1 ,in whome there was full myche bounte4 ,and to thi lenage all thoughe that he ,was contrarie and a grete name hym gate1 ,sidenote3 f4 #i4 ,for all that haue thou neuer the more hate ,to his vertue1 streyngth and nobylnese1 ,which opynned the ates of worthinese4 ,yet1 though that thowe wylt folwe hys weye ,and also hys worthines1 ,i sey ,it nedyth no thyng to the to make ,were#acc with theyme of hell ne no stryfe take1 ,ne for to were wyth the god ,pluto ,for ony fauour ,proserpyng onto1 ,the godes dowter called ,ceres1 ,whome he rauysched on the se of ,gres4#acd ,ne onto the it is no mystyr#ace ,that thow be ,serebrus1#acf the portar ,of helle1 besye the hys cheynes to breke1 ,ne of theyme of helle to take any wreke1 ,the which to vntrewe wynnors be2#acg ,nor for his felaws as dede he1 ,pirotheus and ,theseus1#ach in fere1 ,the which that nere hand desceyuyd were ,to auenture theyme in that valy soo1 ,where many a sowle hath ful mych woo2 ,for werre inougth in herthe#aci ou schalt fynd felle1 ,thougth thow goo not to sek yt in helle4 ,it is no thinge necessarie to the ,so to purchase or do armes1 parde1 ,to go and fyghte with serpentes stynggyng1 ,with boores wylde or beerys rampyng4#adj ,wheythir thou ymagen this ,i wote noghte1 ,or ell of wyldenes it commyth in thy thougth ,of worthines for to have a name4 ,in dystres1 yf it be not for the same1 ,as ffor thy body the ffor to defende1 ,yf that sych bestis wylde the offende1 ,than diffence1 if asailled thou be1 ,withowte dowte it is worchip to the2 ,yf thow ouercome theym and the saue1 ,bothe grete lavde and worchip thou shalt haue4 ,the vertu of strength is not only to vndyrstonde bodely strength1 but the stabilnes and stedefastenes that a goode knygth schulde haue in all hys dedis by deliberaciou of good wytte and strength to resyst ayens contrariousnes that may come onto hym1 weythir it be infortunes or tribulacions1 where strengh and myghti corage may be vaylable to the exaussyng of worthines4 ,and alyche#ada ,hercules for to gif exampel of strengh1 to the entent that it may be doble availe1 that is to seye1 in as myche as tocheth to his vertue and anamly in dedes of knygthhode1 wherin he was ryghte excellent4 ,and for the hynes of ,hector1 it is a behouely thynge to gyfe hyme hy#adb example4 ,hercules was a knyghte of ,grece of meruelyous strengh and broute to ende many knyghtly worthines4 ,a grete iorneyer he was in the worlde1 and1 for the grete and meruelyous viagis and thinges of grete strenghe that he made and dede1 the poietes1 the wyche spak couertly and in maner of fable1 seyde that he wente into helle to fygth wyth the prynces off helle and that he favth#adc wyth serpentes and fiers bestis1 by the wyche is to vndirstonden the grete and stronge entreprises4#add 99 99 99 ,,iv4 99 99 99 99 99 ,elles arte thou note worthy an helme to were1 ,sidenote3 f4 #aj4 ,ne for to gouerne a reaume nowhere4#ade ,prudence seith to the good knyghte that1 yf he will be on of the goode mennes rowe1 he most haue the vertue of iustice1 that is to seye1 ryghtwyse iustice4 ,and ,aristotle seith he that is a rytewyse iusticer fryst shulde iustifie hym selph1 ffor he that iustifies not hym self is not worthi to iustifye anothir4 ,this is to vndirstond that a man shulde correcte his owne defavtes1 so at thei be holy fordone1 and than a man so correctid may wele1 and schulde1 be a corrector of othir men4 ,and to speke morally1 ve shall tell a fable to this purpoise vndir the couertvre of poyetis4 ,minos1 as poyetis sey1 is a iusticer off helle or a prouoste or a cheife bayle1 and afore hym is broughte alle the sowles descendyng into that vaylie2 and afftir that they haue disseruede of penance as many degrees as he wille that thei be sette deipe1 as ofte he turnyth his tayle abwte hym4 ,and becawse that he is thee iustice ande the punyschment of ,god1 lete vs take owre maner to speke oure speche veryly to that purpose4 ,o trouth there was a kyng in ,grece#adf called ,mynos of mervelious fairnes1#adg and in hym was grete rigoure of iustice2 and therefor the poietis seyde that aftir his deth he was commytted to be iusticer of helle4 ,and ,aristotile seyth1 8,justice is a mesure that ,god hath sette in erthe for to limitte thereby thynges ryghtwysly40 ,and even as ,god is hede of iustice and of all orderes1 it is necessarye to the cheualerous sperit that wille come to the victorius blysse for to have this vertue4 ,and ,seynt ,bernard seith in a sermone#adh that iustice is not ellis but to giffe euery man that his is4 8,yife than10 seith he1 8to 4iii4 maner of peple that the whiche is theires1 that is to say1 to thi souereyne1 to thi felawe and to thi soget3 to thi souereyne reuerence and obeissance of body2 to thi falawe thou schulde gyffe counsel and helpe1 counsel in teschyng hym where he is ignorant and helpe hym in comfortynge his owyn power#adi2 to thi soget1 thow schuldest gyf hym chastissyng and kepyng hym frome euyl dedes1 in chastisyng#aej hym forgiffeyng hym that he hath doo amysse40 ,and thus hereto seyth ,salomon in his ,proverbis1 8,excogitat iustus de domo impii ut detrahat impios a malo4444 ,gaudium est iusto facere iusticiam04#aea ,v4 ,also remenbre the of ,percyvale1#aeb ,sidenote3 f4 #aa4 ,whos name is knowen ouer alle ,throwghowte the worlde1 both soft and hard1 ,the swyffte hors ,pegasus afterward4 ,he roode hyme through the eyre flyyng1 ,and ,andromeda in hys goyng ,fro the bellue#aec he hyr delyueryd ,and wyth his streynght hir from hym revede1 ,as a ryght good errant myghtty knyghte ,brought hyr ageyne to hir kyne ful ryght4 ,thys dede in yowre mynde loke that it holde1 ,for a good knyght shuld kepe that is bolde ,thys wey1 if that he will haue exprese ,wyrchip1 which is mych better than ryches4 ,hys shynnynge shelde than loke thou opon1 ,the which haue euer ouercome many one4 ,wythe his fauchon loke that thou arme the1 ,both strong and stedefast than shalt thou be4 ,and because that it is acordyng thyng#aed for a good knyght to haue wirchip and reuerence1 we shalle make a fygure aftyr the maner of poietis4 ,percevale was a ful worthi knyght and whan#aee many reaumes1 and the name off the grete lande of ,perce come of hyme4 ,and poyetis seide that he roode the hors that flawe in the eyre1 the which was called ,pegasus2 and that is to vnderstonde a goode name1 the which flyeth through the eyre4 ,he bare in his honde a fauchon or a glayve2 the whiche is seide for the grete multytude of peple that were discomfyte by hym in maney batayles4 ,he delyueryd ,andromeda from the bellue2 this was a kynggys doghter1 the which he delyuered from a monstre of the see1 the which by the sentence of the godes shulde a#aef deuoured hire4 ,this is to vndirstonde that alle knyghtes shulde socovre women that hade nede of there socoure4 ,this ,percivale and the hors ,sidenote3 f4 #ab4 the which fleeth#aeg may#aeh be notede for the good name that a goode knyghte shulde haue and gete by hys good desertes2 and there shuld he ryde1 that is to seye1 that hys goode name shulde be borne in all contrees4 ,and ,aristotile seyth that a good name of a man maketh a name shynnyng to the worlde and agreable in presence of princes4 ,the cheualerours sperit shulde desyre a goode name among the felachipe of the seyntis of heuen gotten by his goode desertes4 ,the good hors ,pegasus that beareth#aei hyme shall be his good angel1 the which shall make good reporte off hyme at the day of dome4 ,andromeda that shal be delyuered1 it is his sowle1 the which he delyueres fro the feend of hell by the ouercomyng off synne4 ,and that a man on the same maner wyse shuld wylne to haue a good name in this worlde to the plesaunce of ,god and not for vayne glorie1 ,seynt ,austin seyth in the ,booke of ,correccion#afj that 8ii4 thyngges be necessarie to beleve wele1#afa that is to sey1 good conscience and good name1 conscience for feyth1#afb good name for his neyburwe2 and who so trostyth in conscience and dyspiteth a good name1 he is cruel02 for it is a synge of a nobyll corage to loue the wele of a good name4 ,and to this purpoise seyth the wyse man1 8,curam habe de bono nomine1 magis enim permanebit tibi quam mille thesauri preciosi04#afc ,,vi4 ,and wyth thyne inclynacions ,off ,jouis#afd softe condiccions ,loke thou haue2 the better thou shalt be1 ,whene that thow kepes theme ryghtfulle4 ,as it is seyde1 poyetis1 the whiche worchipped many godes1 they helde the planetis of heuen ffor speciall godes1 and of the 4vii4 planetes they made the 4vii4 dayes of the weke4 ,they worchypped and helde ,jouis or ,jubiter for there grettest god1 because that he is sette in the hyest spere of the planetis vndyr ,saturne4 ,the day off ,thurseday is named of ,jouis4 ,and anamely the philosophres yaf and compared the vertues of the 4vii4 metallis to the 4vii4 planetis and named the teremys of there sciences by the same planetis1 as a man may se in ,geber#afe and ,nicholas#aff and in othir auctoris of that science4 ,to ,jouys is youyne copyr or bras4 ,jouis or ,jubiter is a planete of softe condicion1 amiable and ful gladde and fygure#afg to sanguyne compleccion4 ,therefor ,othea seyth1 that is to sey1 ,prudence1 that a good knyght shuld haue the condicion of ,jubiter1 and the same shulde euery nobyll man haue1 pursewyng knyghtthode4 ,sidenote3 f4 #ac4 ,to this purpose seythe ,pictogoras#afh that a kyng shuld be gracyously conuersaunt wyth his peple and shew to them a glade visage2 and on the same wyse it is to vnderstond off all wordly peple tendyng to wirchippe4 ,now lete vs brynge to owre purpoyse in allegorie the properteis of the 4vii4 planetis4 ,jouis1 the which is a softe and a mankyndly#afi planete1 of the whyche the good knyght schulde haue condicions1 may sygnifie to vs mercy and compassyon that the good knyght hade1 ,jhesu ,cryste that is1 the which the sperit schulde haue in hym selfe4 ,for ,seynte ,gregorie seyth in the pistylle of ,pontian1#agj 8,i remembre not10 seith he1 8that euer ,i herde or redde that he dyed of heuy dethe that hathe wylle to fulfylle the dedes of mercy1 ffor mercy hathe many prayeres and it is inpossyble but that many prayeres most nedes be exauced40 ,to this purpose oure ,lord seythe in the ,gospell1 8,beati misericordes1 quoniam ipsi misericordiam consequentur04#aga ,,vii4 ,off ,venus in no wyse make thi godesse1 ,and for no thynge sette store by here promysse4 ,to folowe here it is rauenous1#agb ,both vnworchippefull and peryllous4 ,venus is a planete of heuen1 aftyr whome the ,fryday is named2 and the metall that we call tynne or pewter is yovyn to the same4 ,venus yiffeth influence of loue and of ydylnes1 and she was a lady called soo1 the which was qwene of ,cippre4 ,and because that she excedyd all women in excellent beaute and jolynesse1 and was ryght amerous and not stedefast in o loue1 and becawse that she yevyth influence of lecheri1 ,othea seyth to the good knyght that he make here not his godes4 ,this is to vndirstond1 that in sech lyfe he shuld not abaundon his body ne his entent4 ,armes#agc seyth that the vice of lecherye steynyth all vertues4 ,venus1 of whom the good knyght shuld not make hys godes1 it is at the good speryth in hym selphe shuld haue no vanyte4 ,and ,cassidore seyth vpon the ,sawtyr1 8,vanite made avoyde degre#agd to becum a fende and yafe dethe#age to the fryste man and voyeddid hyme frome the blyssidnesse that was grawntyd on to hyme40 ,vanite is modyr off all evelles1 welle off all vices1 and the weyne#agf of wykydnesse1 the which puttyth a man oute of the grace of ,god and settith hym in his hate4 ,to this purpose ,dauid seyth in his ,sauter1 spekyng to ,god1 8,odisti observantes vanitates supervacue04#agg ,,viii4 ,yf thou asemble the in jugement1 ,sidenote3 f4 #ad4 ,be leke to ,saturne in avisement2 ,or that thou gyf thy sentence1 veryly ,be ware that thou yif it not doutously4 ,satyrday is named after ,saturne1 ande the metall lede is youen therto1 and it is a planete of slow condicion1 hevy and wyse4 ,and there was a kyng in ,grece hadde the same name1 the which was full wyse1 off whom poyetis spake vnder conuerteure of fable1 and they seyde that his sone ,jubiter kutte from hym his preuy menbres4 ,the which is to vnderstond that he toke ffrom hym his myghte and dysheryted him and drwe#agh hym avay4 ,and becawse that ,saturne is hevy and wyse1 ,othea seyth that a good knyght shuld peyse a thynge grettely or#agi that he#ahj shulde yefe his sentence1 weythir that it be in pris of armes or of ony othir dede4 ,and euery iuge may not#aha the same that hathe offices longgynge to iugement4 ,and to thys purpoise ,hermes seith1 8,thynkke wele on all thinges that thou hast for to do and in especyall of iugement of othyr40 ,as the good knyghte scholde be slowe in the iugement of othir1 that is to sey1 to peise wele the sentence or at he gyf it1 on the same wyse the goode spiryte shulde doo in that the which longyth to hyme2 for to ,gode longeth the iugement1 the which can discerne cawses ryghtwysly4 ,and ,seynt ,grigorye seyth in hys ,moralles#ahb that1 whan owre frelnes cannot comprehende the iugementes of ,god1 we oughte not to discute them in bolde wordes1 but we ought to worchippe thyme wyth ferefull scilens and1 how mervelyous that euer we thowght theyme1 we shulde holde them iuste4 ,and to this purpoose spekyth ,dauid in the ,sawter-booke1 8,timor ,domini sanctus1 permanet in seculum seculi4 ,judicia ,domini vera iustificata in semet ipsa04#ahc ,,ix4 ,lete thi worde be clere and trwe in kynde4 ,appollo shall gif it the in mynde1 ,for he by no mene may non ordure ,suffir no wyse vndere couerture4 ,appollo or ,phebus1 that is the sone1 to whom the ,sonday is yoven and allsoo the metall that is callyd golde4 ,the sonne by hys clerenes shewyth thynges that be hidde2 and therefore trewth1 the whiche is clere and shewith secrete thynges1 may be yofe to hyme4 ,the which vertue shulde be in the herte and in the mowthe of euery good knyghte4 ,and to this purpose seyth ,hermes1 8,love ,godde1 trowthe euer1 and gyffe good counsell40 ,apollo1 the whiche is to sey the sonne1 by whom we notyfye trowthe1 we may take that man shulde haue in hys mouth the trwthe of the very knyght ,jhesu ,cryst and flee all falsenes4 ,as ,cassiodyr seyth in the booke of ,praysyng of ,seynt ,powle1#ahd 8,the condicion of falsenes ys swche that1 where as it hath no geyneseyyng1 yit it falleth in hym selphe2 butte the condycion of trowth is to the contrary1 ffor it is so sete that the more geyneseynges of aduersytes that it hath1 the more it encresyth and reysyth hym selphe40 ,to this purpose seith ,holy ,scripture1 8,super omnia vincit veritas40#ahe ,x4 ,vnto ,phebe resemble not4 ,for why8 ,he#ahf is to chaungable and enemye ,to stedefastnes and to courage strong1 ,malencolius is and full of wronge4 ,phebe is called the mone1 off whom the ,moneday hath his name2 and to hyme is yoven the metall that we calle syluyr4 ,the mone resteth non oure in a ryghte poynte and yiffeth influens of vnstefastenes and foly1 and therefore it is seyde at a goode knyght shulde kepe hym from which vicys4 ,and to this purpose ,hermes seith1 8,vse wisedome and be stedefast40 ,phebe the moone1 that we not for vnstedefastnes1 the whiche a goode knyght shulde not haue2 on the same wyse the good sperit4 ,as ,seynt ,ambrose seith in the pistil of ,simpliciain1#ahg that a foole is schawnegeable as the moone1 but a wyse man is euer stedefast in o state1 where he neythir brekyth for fere ner schawngyth for no myght2 he reyseth hym notte in prosperite ner plangeth not in heuynes4#ahh 8,there where wysedome is1 there is vertue1 strengh and stedefastnes4 ,the wise man is euer of oon corage2 it lessyth it notte1 ne encressyth not1 for he schawngyth notte in no maner wyse for no thyng2 he flotereth not in dyuers opynions1 but abydyth perfythe in ,jhesu ,cryst1 gon growndid in charite and roted in feyth40 ,and to this purpose seythe ,holy ,scripture1 8,homo sanctus in sapientia manet sicut sol1 nam stultus sicut luna mutatur04#ahi ,,xi4 ,i dowte notte in no wyse ,mars thi fadyr4 ,thow shalt folowe hyme in heuery matyr2 ,for thy hy and nobil condycion ,draweth therto thyne inclynacion4 ,the ,twysday is named after ,mars2 and that metalle that we ,sidenote3 f4 #af4 callen iren is youen to hym4 ,mars is a planete that yifeth influence of werris and batayles2 therefore euery knyght that loveth and schewyth armes and dedes of knyghthod and hathe a grete name off worthines may be callyd the sone of ,mars4 ,and therfor ,othea named ,hector so1 notwythstondyng he was sone to ,knyng ,pryant1 and seyde he wolde well folowe hys fadir in as moche as a goode knyght ought to doo4 ,and a wyse man seith that by the dedes of a man men may knowe his inclynacions4 ,mars the god of bateyle may wele be called the ,sone of ,god1 the whiche bateilled victoriously in this worlde1 by example2 and the good sperit shulde folow#aij his ,fadere ,jhesu ,cryst and fyght ayens vicis4 ,seynte ,ambrose seyth in the fryst booke off ,offices that how so will be ,godes frend1 he must be the fendes enemy1 whoo so will haue pees wyth ,jhesu ,cryst1 he most haue werre withe vices4 ,and even as in veyne men maketh werre in the felde wyth foreyne enemys there where the cete is full of homely spyes1 on the same wyse non may ouercome the eveles outewarde that wyll not were strongly wyth the synnes of there sowlys2 ffor it is the most gloryous victorie that may be1 for a man to ouercome hyme selphe4 ,and tho this purpose seyth ,seynt ,poule the postyle1 8,non est vobis colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem sed adversus principes et potestates10 etc44#aia ,,xii4 ,of thi faucon#aib be thou bolde and pleyne1 ,and of thi worde bothe clene and certeyne4 ,mercurye schall teche the that1 holde#aic and sounde1 ,the which of good spech knowyth wele the grounde4 ,the ,wednysday is named after ,mercurye1 the which ys a planete that yevyth influence off pontificall behavynge and of fayre langage arayed wyth retorique4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyte that he shulde be arayed therewyth1 for wirchipfull behavynge and faire langage ys full behovely to all nobill pepyll desyryng the hy pris of worchipe1 so that they kepe them fro to myche langage2 ffor ,dyogeneys seyth that off all vertues the more the bettir1 saue of speche4 ,be ,mercurie1 the whiche is called god of langage1 we may ,sidenote3 f4 #ag4 vndirstonde that the knyghte of ,jhesu ,cryste shulde be armed wyth good prechynges and wordes of techynges1 and all so thei shulde loue and worchyppe the schewers thereof4 ,and ,seynte ,gregory seithe in his ,omelyis at men shulde haue the prechores of ,holy ,scripture in grete reuerence1 for they be the masseyngeres that gone tofore#aid owre ,lord ,god and owre ,lorde followyth them4 ,holy prechyng maketh the way1 and than owre ,lord commeth into the dwellyng place of owre hert2 the wordes of exortacion maketh the coorse1 and so trwthe is reseyuyd intoo owre vndirstondyng4 ,and to this purpose owre ,lorde seyth to his aposteles1 8,qui vos audit me audit1 et qui vos spernit me spernit04#aie ,,xiii4 ,of all maner sortes of armure ,for to arme the wyth1 bothe wele and sure1 ,be thi moder inough sygned shall be1#aif ,mynerve1 the which is not bitter to the4 ,mynerve was a lady of grete connyng and fonde the craft to make armure2 for afore the pepyl armed theyme but wyth cuirboyle4#aig ,and for the grete wysdom that was in this lady thei called hyr a godes2 and because that ,hector cowde sette armure welle on werke and that it was hys ryght craft1 ,othea called hym the sone of ,mynerve1 notwythstondyng that he was sone to qwen ,ecuba of ,troye4 ,and in the same wyse all that loueth armes may be named4 ,and to this purpose an auctoure seith that knyghtes youen to armes be soggettes to the same4 ,where it is seide that good armurs and strong inewgh shall be delyuered to the good knygh by his modir1 wee may vndirstond the vertu of feyth1 the whiche is a devyne vertue and is modir to the good spyrite4 ,and that she delyuerith armoures inow1 ,cassiodir seythe in the ,exposicion of the ,crede#aih that feyth is the lyth#aii of the sowle1 the yate off paradyse1 the wynddowe of lyve1 and the gronde of the euerlastyng helthe1 for wythowte feythe non may plese ,god4 ,and to this purpose seyth ,seynt ,poule in the pystyll1 8,sine fide impossibile est placere ,deo04#bjj ,,xiv4 ,joyne thou to the ,pallas the godesse1 ,and sette hir ryght wyth thi worthinesse4 ,yf thow haue hir1 good fortune thou shalt fele2 ,pallas wyth ,mynerve is fittyng#bja full wele4 ,all so where it is seyde that ,pallas sholde be ioyned wyth ,mynerve1 the which is wele fyttyng1 men shall vndirstonde that ,pallas and ,mynerve ys all o thyng1 but the names be diueres and be takyn to 4ii4 vndirstondynges4 ,for the lady that is callyd ,sidenote3 f4 #ah4 ,mynerve was so surnamed ,pallas of an yle that is called ,pallance#bjb of the whiche she was borne2 and because that she generally in all thynges was wyse and foonde many nwe craftes1 fayre and sotle1 thei called hyr goodes of kunnyng4 ,mynerve is called thus in that which longeth too knyghthode1 and ,pallas in all thynges that longeth to wysdom2 and therefore it is seyde that he sholde yeuen#bjc wysdom and knythhode1 the which is ful wele acordvng therto1 and that armes shulde be keptte may be vndirstonde be feyth4 ,to this purpose seythe ,hermes1 8,joyne the loue of feithe wyth wisedom40 ,and as that ,pallas1 the whiche is notyd for wysedom1 shulde be ioyned with knyghthode1 the vertue#bjd of hope shuld be ioyned with good vertues of the knyghtly speryte1 wyhtowte the which he may not avayle4 ,for ,orygene seyth in the ,omelies opon ,exode that the hoope of the goodes that be for to come is the solase of theyme that trauellyth in this bodely lyffe1 leche as to laboreres the hoope of there payment softeth there laboures off there besynes1 and as to champyons that be in bateyle the hoope of the corowne of victorie esyth the woo of there wondes4 ,and to this purpose seyth ,seynt ,poule the apostyll1 8,fortissimum solatium habemus1 qui confugimus ad tenendam propositam spem10 etc44#bje ,,xv4 ,pantassele#bjf haue thou fauour vnto1 ,that ffor thi deth shall haue moch woo2 ,syth a woman shuld be loued and knowe1 ,off whom so noble a voys is sowe4#bjg ,pantasselle was a ful fayre mayden and qwen of ,damazonie#bjh and off mervelyous worthines in armes and in hardines2 and for the grete goodnes that the hy name witnessed through the worlde of ,hector the worthy she loved hyme ryght hertyly1 and fro the parties of the est she come to ,troye in the tyme of the grete segge for to se ,hector4 ,but qwen she fond hym dede1 she was owte off mesure hevy and wyth a grete oste of ful cheualrous gentilwomen vigerously she vengyd his dethe1 where she dide mervelyous worthynesses4 ,and many grete greuaunces she dide to the ,grekes4 ,and because she was vertuouse1 it is seide to the good knyght that he shuld love hyr1 and that is to vndirstonde that euery good knyght shulde loue and prayse euery vertuous persone1 anamely a woman in strong vertue of wytte and off concyens4 ,and this woman that is woofull for the dethe of ,hector is vndirstonde by worthines and valure1 when it is dull and deded in knyghthode4 ,and a wyse man seyth1 8,bounte shulde be alowyd where that it is perceyued40 ,be ,pantasselle1 that was socourable1 we may vndirstonde the ,sidenote3 f4 #ai4 vertue off cherite1 the whiche is the 4iiie4 devyne vertue that the good speryte shuld perfytely haue in hym self4 ,cassyodir#bji seith that charyte is as the reyne1 the which fallyth in the prime temps1 for it distillyth the dropes of vertues1 vndir the whiche greine of good wille groweth#baj and good hoope fructifyeth1 that is to be pacient in aduersite1 tempered in prosperyte1 pacient in mekenesse1 ioyeus in afflicciones1 wellwyllyng to his enemyes and frendes1 anamely to his enemyes to be comuniall of his goodis4#baa ,to this purpose seyth ,poule the postel1 8,caritas patiens est1 benigna est1 caritas non emulatur1 non agit perperam10 etc44#bab ,,xvi4 ,narcisus#bac looke ye resemble not1 ,nor into mych pride knyt your knot2 ,for to ouerwenyng hawteyn knyght ,off many a grace is voide full ryght4 ,narcisus was a yonge bachelere that ffor his grete beaute seysyd hym in so grete pride#bad that he hadde all other in disprayes4 ,and because that he praysed noon but hym selphe1 it is seyde that he was so amerous and assottede of hym selfe that he dyede after that he hade beholden hym selfe in the welle4 ,this is to vndirstonde by the ouerwenyng or ouctrecuidez man of hym selfe1 wherein he beholdyth hym4#bae ,therefor it is diffendyth the good knyght to beholde hym selfe in hys good dedes1 where throwe he myght be ouerwenyng4 ,and to this purpose seith ,socrates1 8,sone1 be ware thou be not disseyvyd in thi beaute of thi youthe1 ffor that is no durable thyng40 ,now lete vs sette an allegorie applyyng to owre purpose to the 4vii4 dedely synnys4 ,be ,narcisus we shall vndirstond the synne of pride1 fro the wyche the goode speryte shulde kepe hym4 ,and ,orygene seyth in the ,omelees1 8,whereof it is that erth and asshes prydeth hyme1 or how derre a man rayse hym in arogance1 when he thynketh whereof he is comyn and what he shall become1 and in how frele a vessel his#baf lyff is all naked and in what harlotrees he is plongeden and what onclene maters he sesseth neuer to cast from hys flesch be all the condittes off hys body80 ,and to this purpose seith ,holy ,scripture1 8,si ascenderit ad clum superbia ejus et caput ejus nubes tetigerit1 quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur04#bag ,,xvii4 ,athamas full of ryght grete madnes1 ,sidenote3 f4 #bj4 ,the goodes verily of woodnes1 ,she feirsly strangled hir childern tweyne4#bah ,therefor ire ,i thefende the pleyne4 ,athamas was a kyng maried to qwene ,yno1 the which made sothyn#bai corne to be sowne for to disheryte hyr#bbj stepe childire1 for she#bba with mony coromped the prestes of the lawe1 the which reported the answeres of the godes1 thus seyyng to the kyng or to theyme of the cuntre that the corne that the men hadden sowene profyted not1 where it plesyd the godes that 4ii4o fayre and ientyl childir the whiche the kyng hade were dreven away and exiled4 ,and becawse that the kyng consentyd to the exillyng of the 4ii4o childyrne1 all though that he dyde it ayens hys wylle and wyth grete sorowe1 the fabyl seyth that the godes ,iuno#bbb wolde take vengance therefor and went into helle to compleyne to the godesse of woodnes that sche myght come to the kyng ,athamas4 ,than the orrible and the fereful goodes come with all hir serpently herres and sette hyr on the fumerelle#bbc of the palais and streged hir armes to bothe sydys of the yate1 and than there began sych stryfe betwene the kyng and the qwene that werrant#bbd yche of them hade slayne othir4 ,and whan they wend a hade rune oute of the palais1 than e woode goodes drwe out of hyr ryght foule herres 4iio4 horrible serpentis and kest in there lappes2 and qwen that the goodes saw theyme so ferefull1#bbe than they wexe both madde4 ,athamas slewe the qwene for woodnes and than his 4ii4o childerne1 and hym selfe leep into the see of frome a hight roche4 ,the exposycion of this fable may wele be that a qwen myght be so dyuers to stepe chyldirne that for some malice she myght disheryte hem1 for the which after pes myght notte be hadde betwene the fadir and the steppe modir4 ,and it myght be soo that at the last he slewe theyme4 ,and because that ire is a dedly vice and soo evyle that he that is sore teynt therewyth hath no knowyng of reson1 it is seide to the goode knyght that he shuld kepe hym from ire1 for it is too grete defaute in a goode knyght to be angry4 ,and therefore ,arystotile seithe 8,kepe the from ire1 for it trobelyth the vndyrstondyng and destroubeth reson40 ,be ,athamas1 the which was soo full of ire1 we shall propirly vnderstond the synne of ire1 the whiche the goode spyryte shuld woyde from hyme4 ,and ,seynte ,austyn seith in a pistyll1 8,lech as venegre1 where it is poote1 corrompeth the vessell that it is in1 yf it abyde longe therinne1 so ire corrumpyth the hert wherein it is sette1 yf that it abyde long thereinne1 that is to seye fro day to day40#bbf ,sidenote3 f4 #ba4 ,therfor seyth ,seynt ,poule the postell1 8,sol non occidat super iracundiam vestram04#bbg ,,xviii4 ,off all thyng that thou may se with ey ,fle euer the fals godes envie1 ,that made ,aglaros#bbh grennere than ivie1 ,the which to a ston chaunged was erby4 ,a ffable seyth that ,aglaros was systyr to ,herce1 the which was soo feire that for hir beaute ,mercurius the god of langage wedded hyr1 and thei weyre ,cycropos doghters1 kyng off ,athenes4 ,but ,aglaros hade so mych envie to hir syster ,herce1 the which for beaute was so avaunced as to be maried to a god1 that sche become throw here ensorgyng in envye dry#bbi and discolourd and grene as ivy leffe for the envie that she hade to hyr systyr4 ,on a day ,aglaros was sette on the thresshefolde of the dore and lettyd ,mercurius the entre into the hous1 ne for no prayowr that he prayed hyre she woolde not suffre hym to hentre4 ,then the gode wexe wroothe and seide that euer myght she abide there stylle1 as harde as hyr corage was2 and than ,aglaros becomme as hard as a stone4 ,thys fable may be lekend in leche case to fall to some personys4 ,mercurius may be a myghty man1 weele spekynge1 the which made his sistir to be presound or to dye for some displesure that she hade doon to hyme1 and therefor it is seide that she was chaunged to a stone4 ,and becawse it is to folow a aspotte#bcj ayens ientylnes to be envyous1 it is seide to the goode knyght that of all thynges he kepte hym therfro4 ,and ,socrates seyth1 8,he that beryth the fardell of envie hathe perpetuell peyne40 ,lyche as this auctorite dyffendyth the good knyghte envie the vice1 ,holy ,scripture defendyth the good spyryte4 ,and ,seynt ,austyn seyth#bca that envie ys hate of othir felycite1 for the dedes of the envyos man strecheth ayens tho that be gretter than he by cawse that he is not so grete as they1 ayens tho that be evenly to hyme because that he is notte gretter than they1 and ayens tho that be lesse than he for fere that they shold wexe as grete as he4 ,to this purpose ,holy ,scripture seyth1 8,nequam est oculus invidi et avertens faciem suam04#bcb ,,xix4 ,ferre ne#bcc slowe be ware that thou not be2 ,fro#bcd the malyce loke that thou kepe the ,off ,vlyxes1 that the geauntes ye#bce ,stale1 though he looke neuer so clerely4 ,a ffable seyth that1 when ,vlixes retorned into ,grece aftir the ,sidenote3 f4 #bb4 destruccion off ,troye1 grete rages of tempestes brought hys chip into an ile where a geaunt was that hade but on eye in the myddes of his forred1 the whiche was of an hooges gretnes4 ,vlixes by hy sutylte stale it and toke it fro hym1 that ys to saye he putte it owte4 ,this is to vndyrstond that the good knyght shulde be ware that slowthe ouercome hym not with disseytes and willes of malycyous peple1 so that his eye be not takyn away1 that is to seye1 the eye of his vndirstondynge in his worchip1 in his gettyng or in that the which is derrer to hym1 as many inconueniencies falleth ofte throwe slowthe and lachesse4 ,and to this purpose ,hermes seythe1 8,blyssyd is he that vsyth hys dayes in dwe occupacions40 ,where it is seide that the good knygh shulde not be ferre ne slowe1 we may vndyrstond the synne of slewthe1 the which the good spiryte shuld not haue4 ,for1 as ,bede#bcf seith in ,salomones ,prouerbes1 the slowe man is not worthi to rengne with ,god1 the which wil not laboure for the lowe of ,god1 and he is not worthi to receyve the coronne promysyd to knyghtes that is a coward to vndyrtake feldes of baytaile4 ,therefor the ,scripture seyth1 8,cogitationes robusti semper in abundantia1 omnis autem piger semper in egestate est04#bcg ,,xx4 ,in no wyse stryve wyth no frosses1#bch ,ne defoule the not in there brothes4 ,ayens ,lathonna thei assembled sore1 ,and trobled the clere water hir afore4 ,the fable seith that the godesse ,lathonna was modyr to ,phebus and to ,phebe1 the which is the sone and the moone1 and she bare theyme both in her wombe4 ,juno chased hir in euery contre becawse she was conseyvyd wyth ,jubiter hir housbond4 ,on a day the godesse ,lathonna was trauelled gretly1 and she arivede on a wassh and than she aboode opon the watter for to stawnsh hyr grete thyrste there where a grete feleshyp of carles were ffor to bathe them in the watyr ffor the hete of the sone4 ,and they began to chide ,lathonna and trobylyd hyr watyr that she thought#bci to haue dronkyn of1 and for no prayer that she made they wolde not suffyr hir drynke ne had no pete of hyre myschefe4 ,than she coursyd theyme and seyde that euer aftyr mote they abyde stylle in the broththe#bdj2 than were they fowle and abominable and cesyd neuer of brayeng ne chydyng4 ,so the carles become frosshes1 the which neuer sythyn cessed of brayng1 as it shewyth in somer tyme by reuerys sydys4 ,this may be takyn be communes that dedde some dysplesur to summe grete maystres1 the which made them to be cast in a reuer and to be drounede1 and thus become they ,sidenote3 f4 #bc4 frosshes4 ,and it is to vndyrstond that a knyght goodly shuld not fyll hyme in the brothe of veleny1 ffor leche as veleny may not suffre ientylnesse1 on the same wyse ientylnes in hym self may not suffre velany1 anamely not to stryve ne make debate wyth a persone vilens of condicions1 ne to speke outrageously4 ,platon seith he that ioyneth to his ientylnes nobilnesse of goode condicions is to prayse and he that holdyth hym content with the ientylnes that comyth of his kyne withowtyn addyng thereto some goode condicions shulde not be holdyn nobyll4 ,be the carles that become frosshes we may vndyrstonde the synne of covetyse1 the which is contrary to the good sperit4 ,for ,seynt ,austyn#bda seith that a couetous man is leche to hell1 for hell cannot swolve so many sowlis to seye that he hathe inowe4 ,euen so1 thow all tresowre of the worlde were heppid togedir to the possession of the couetous man1 he shuld not yette be satisffiede4 ,to this purpose the ,scripture seith1 8,insatiabilis oculus cupidi in partes iniquitatis non satiabitur04#bdb ,,xxi4 ,acorde for no thyng with the god ,bachus1 ,for his tachys#bdc be bothe fowle and vicyous4 ,his disportis be neyther goode ne fyne1 ,for he maketh the pepyll turne to swyne4 ,bachus was the man that fryst plantyde vines in ,grece1 and qwan thei of the cuntre felthe the streyngth of the wyne1 e which made thyme drownkyn1 thei seide that ,bachus was a god1 the which hadde yovyn syche streynghte to his plante4 ,by ,bachus is vndirstond drwnkkynnes1 as that the whiche is a full vnbehouely thyng to all noble men and to a man that wolde vse reson4 ,and to this purpose ,ypocras#bdd seyth that superfluites of vynes and metes distroyith body1 sowle and vertues4 ,be the god ,bachus we may vndirstond the synne off glotenye1 ffor the which the good spyryt shuld kepe hym4 ,seynt ,grigory seyth in his ,morralles#bde that1 qwan the vice of glotenye hathe the maystry of a person1 he lesseth all the good that he hath doone2 for1 qwenne the bely is not restreynyd by abstynence1 all vertues ben drouned togedir4 ,and therefor ,seynt ,poule seith1 8,quorum finis interitus1 quorum deus venter est10 etc4#bdf ,,xxii4 ,pimaliones ymage for to fele1 ,iff that thou be wyse1 sette erby no deele1 ,sidenote3 f4 #bd4 ,for of siche an ymage so wele wroght ,the beaute thereof is to dere bought4 ,pymalion was a ful sotyl workeman in makyng of ymages1 and a ffable seith at1 for e grete lewdenes that he sawe in the women of ,cidonie1#bdg he dispreisyd them and seyde he shuld make an ymage wherein ther shulde be no thyng for to blame4 ,he mad an ymage after a woman1 of souereyne beaute4 ,when he had full made it1 loue1 the which sotely can ravysshe hertis1 made hym to be amorous opon the ymage1 so that for hire he was vexed with wooes of love1 full of clamorous and full of petyous syghynges that he made to hit4 ,butte the ymage1 which was of ston1 vndirstode hym notte4 ,pymalion wente to the temple of ,venus and he made there so deuote prayores to hyre that the godesse was full of pete1#bdh and in shewyng therof the brond that she helde be hire selfe began to take fire and shew flame1 and than the louer was mery for at tokyn and wente toward his ymage and toke it in his armes and warmed it so sore wyth hys nakyd flesch that the ymage hadde lyff and began to speke1 and so ,pymalyon recouuered ioye4 ,to this fable may be set many#bdi exposicions1 and in leche wise to othir sich fables2 and the poietes made them becawse that mennes vndirstondyng shuld be the more scharppe and subtyle to fynde dyueres exposicions4 ,it may be vnderstond also by the dyspreysyng that ,pymalion dispreysed the lewdenes of lewde wemen and enamoured hym on a mayden of ryght grete beaute1 the which wolde not1 or myght not1 vnderstond hys petous pleyntes1 no more than the ymage of a ston had done2 that is to sey1 that by thynkkyng on the fayre beautes he was enamoured1 but at the last he prayed hir so myche and kepte hym so nere hir that the maydyn louyd hym and at his wille he had hir to mariage4 ,and thus the ymage that was hard as stone recouuered lyff by the godesse ,venus4 ,so it wolde be seyde that the good knygh shuld not be assottede of sych a made ymage in sych wise that he lyst to folowe#bej the crafte of armes1 to the which he is bownde by e ordere of knyghthode4 ,and to this purpose seyth ,abtalin1#bea 8,it longghit nothyng ffor a prynce to assote hym on nothyng that is to be reproued40 ,pymaliones ymage on qwome e good knygh shuld not be assotted we shall take for the synne of lechery1 from e which e knyghtly gostly sperit shuld kepe his body4 ,wherefor ,seynt ,sidenote3 f4 #be4 ,jerom saith in a pistill1 8,o fire of hell10 seith he1 8of whom the woode is glotenye1 the flambe is pride1 the sparkes is foule wordes1 the smoke is evil name1 the asches is pouerte1 and the ende is the turnementes of hell40 ,to this purpose seyth ,seynt ,petir the apostel1 8,voluptatem existimantes diei delicias1 coinquinationes et macul deliciis affluentes1 in conviviis suis luxuriantes04#beb ,,xxiii4 ,off ,dyane remenbre besely ,for the honeste of thi body2 ,for hir plesyth no vileyns lyffe1 ,ne non dyshoneste ne stryffe4 ,dyane1 that is the mone1 and as er is no thyng so evile but at it hath some goode propirte1 the mone gyffeth chast condicion2 and thei named it after a lady that so was called1 the which was full chaste and was euer a vergyn4 ,so it wolde be seyde that honeste of the body is full wele longgyng to a good knygh4 ,and to this purpose ,hermes seith1 8,he may not be off perfyte wite that hathe in hym no chastite40 ,and for to bryng to mynde the ,articles of the ,feyth to owre purpose1 wythowte the which a good sperit may lytell avayle1 ffor ,dyane we shall take ,god of ,heuen1 the which is withowte onv spotte off onclen love1 to whome a thyng foulede with synne may not be agreable4 ,to the knyghly spirite an it is necessari to beleve opon the ,maker of heuen and of erthe1 as e fyrst ,article of the ,feyth seith1 the which ,seynte ,petir the apostel sete1 8,credo in ,deum ,patrem ,omnipotentem1 creatorem cli et terr04#bec ,,xxiv4 ,be thou leke to the godesse ,ceres1 ,that tooke fro noon but yafe to corne encres2 ,in syche wyse abaundonede shulde be ,the#bed good knygh1 well sette in his degre4 ,ceres was a lady that fond the craft to erye#bee the londe1 for aforne gaineyers swe withowte laboure#bef2 and because at e londe bare the more plenteously after at it was erryed1 thei seide that she was godesse of cornes1 and thei called the londe after hyr name4 ,wherefor it wold be seide at1 as e lande#beg is habaundoned and a large yefer of all goodes1 on the same wyse shuld a good knygh be habaundonede to all personys and ought to gyffe his helpe and comfort aftyr hys power4 ,and ,arystotyl seyth1 8,be a lyberall gyfer and thou shall hau frendys40 ,here for ,ceres1 to whom e good knygh shuld resemble1 we ,sidenote3 f4 #bf4 shall take the ,sone of ,god1 whom the good spirit sholde folowe1 e which hath yoven so largely to vs of hy goodnes1#beh and in hym shuld be belewede stedeffastly1 as the 4ii4o ,article seith1 the which ,seynt ,jon sette1 8,et in ,ihesum ,christum1 filium eius unicum1 ,dominum nostrum04 ,,xxv4 ,all hye vertues as that he wyll sette1 ,in the1 as in ,ysis#bei late theyme be schette ,and all maner graynes fructifie2 ,in sych wyse sholdest ou edyfye4#bfj ,ysys1 poetes seyth1 is a goodesse of plantes and gryffes1 and she yevyth theyme streynght and growyng to multiply4 ,therefor it is seide to e good knyght at so shulde he fructifie in all vertues and eschew all euyl vicis4 ,and ,harmes#bfa to this purpose seyth1 8,o man1 yf ou knew e inconuenyency of vice1 that ou woldest be ware eroff and yf ou knew the rewarde for worthinesse1 that#bfb ou woldest loue it gretly40 ,there qwere it is seide at e good knygh shulde be leche to ,ysys1 the whiche is a planter1 may we vnderstond the blissyd ,concepcion off ,jhesu ,cryst by e ,holy ,gost in the ,blyssyd ,virgyne ,marie1 modyr off all grace1 of whom the grete bountes may not be ymagenede ne holy seide1 e which worthi ,concepcion the good sperit shuld haue holy in hym and kepe this holy ,artecle stedefastly1 as ,seynt ,james the gretter seith1 8,qui conceptus est de ,spiritu ,sancto1 natus ex ,maria virgine04 ,,xxvi4 ,to the iugement in no wyse holde the ,of ,mygdas1 the which no thyng wysely ,juged2 by his counsell sette thou no store1 ,for erys of an asse he hadde thereffore4 ,mydas was a knyght#bfc that hadde lytell vnderstondyng2 and a fable seyth at ,phebus and ,pan1#bfd the god of pastures1#bfe strove togedir and ,phebus seide that the sownde of the harpe is more to prayse than the sownde of the pype or off the flowte4 ,pan heelde the contrarye and seide e sownde of the flowte was more to prayse4 ,thei made ,mygdas iuge off that discorde1 and affter that thei were both ioyned afore ,mygdas1 at long leyser he iuged that the sownde of e flowte was bettyr and more plesaunte than e sownde of the ,sidenote3 f4 #bg4 harpe4 ,so the fable seith at ,phebus1 the which was grevyd and hadde dyspyte off his iugement1 made hym rude erys leche an asse1 in schewyng that he hadde vnderstondyng of an asse1 the which hade iuged so folyly4 ,it may be allso that some iuged lewdely ayens a prince or a myghty man1 the whiche punychyd hym1 makyng hym to bere on hym some syngne off a ffoole1 the which is to vnderstond the eres of the asse4 ,also it is to vnderstond by this fable that a good knyght shuld not hold hym content with a lewde iugement1 not grownded on reson1 ne hym selfe shuld be no iuge of so fawty a sentence4 ,a philosopher seyth to this purpose that a foole is leche a molle1#bff the which heryth and vnderstondyth not4 ,and ,dyogenes lykenyth the foole to a ston4 ,the iugement of ,mygdas1 the which a good knight shulde not kepe1 we may vnderstond ,pylate1 the which iuged the blyssyd ,sone of ,god to be taken and streyned as a harpe and to be hangged opon the gebet of e ,crosse as a bryboure1#bfg he the which was pure wythout ony spotte4 ,also it is to vnderstond at e goode speryt shulde be ware how he shulde iuge an innocent1 and he shulde beleve the ,artycle that ,seynt ,andrewe seith1 8,passus sub ,poncio ,pylato1 crucifixus1 mortuus et sepultus04 ,,xxvii4 ,as trewe felawes of armes doth1 ,vnto hell1 whedir that sowles gothe1 ,thou schuldest go1 theyme to socoure serteyne ,in nede1#bfh lich ,hercules dyde1 as men seyne4 ,the fable seith that ,thesus and ,protheus#bfi went into hell for to rescue ,proserpyne at ,pluto rauysshed1 and thei hade ben evyle begone hade not ,hercules a ben for there felawes2 for thei#bgj hade not bene socoured hade he ne be1 the which dyde so notable dedes of armes that he affrayed all the peple off hell1 and he smote in soundir ,cereberus the porteris chynnes4#bga ,so it is seyde at a good knygh shulde not faile his felawe for no maner of perell that myght be2 for trewe felaws shuld be evyn as on thyng and all on4 ,and ,pitagoras seyth1 8,thou shuld kepe the loue of thi freende dylygently40 ,by the auctorite that seith he shulde socoure his trwe freendis in armes vnto hell we may vnderstonde the blyssyd sowle of ,jhesu ,cryste1 the which drewe owte the good sowles of holy patriarkes and profhetes at were in lymbo2 and be this example the goode sperite ,sidenote3 f4 #bh4 scholde draw to hym all vertues and beleve the ,article that ,seynt ,phelip seith1 8,descendit ad inferna04 ,,xxviii4 ,cadimus#bgb love and yife to hym preisyng1 ,and that auctorised may his techyng ,be in the2 for the welle in serteyne ,he whan#bgc fro the serpent with grete peyne4 ,cadimus was a full noble man and ffounded ,thebes1 the which was a cite of grete name4 ,he sette erin a vniuersyte#bgd and hym selph was gretly lettyrd and of grete kunnyng and wysdom4 ,the whiche man1 after that the fabyl seith1 he dowted e serpent at the welle4 ,this is to vnderstond konnyng and wisdom1 the which rysyth all weye1 that is for the welle2 the serpent is notyd for the peyne and the trauell that a stodier most doute or that he gete kunnyng4 ,and the fable seithe that he become a serpent hym selfe1 the which is to vndirstond that he become mayster and correctore of othir4 ,so ,othea seith that a good knygh shulde love and worchip clerkes that be letteryd1 e which be growndyd in konnyng4 ,to this purpose ,aristotle seide to ,alysawndre1 8,worchip wisdom and fortyfie it wyth good maystres40 ,be ,cadimus that douted the serpent at e well1 e whiche e good knygh shuld love1 we may vnderstond the blyssed manhode of ,jhesu ,cryste1 the which douted the serpent and wanne the welle1 at is to sey1 the lyfe of this worlde1 e which he passed with grete peyne and with grete trauelle1 off whom he hade victorie be strengh1 when he rose the thredde day1 as ,seynt ,thomas seith1 8,tertia die resurrexit a mortuis04 ,,xxix4 ,delyte gretly in the kunnyng ,of ,yo more than good or othir thyng#bge2 ,for by that thou mayst lerne full gretly ,and of good theryng take largely4#bgf ,yo was a yong ientilwoman and doughter to knyng ,ynacus2#bgg e which was rygh konnyng and fond many maners of letteris at hade not be se afore4 ,though that some fables sey at ,yo was ,jupiteris love and at sche becam a kowe and after a woman as she was1 this was not so1 but1 as the poietis hathe hyde trowth vnder couerture of fable1 it may be at ,jubiter lovid hire1 at is to vndirstond by the vertues e which was in here#bgh she become a kowe1 for1 as a kowe yevith mylke1 the which is swete and norisshyng1 she be the letteris that she fonde gaffe norysshyng to ,sidenote3 f4 #bi4 vnderstondyng4 ,and in that she was a comon woman may be vndirstond that here wytte was comon to all1 as lettris be comon to all peple4 erfore it is seide at e good knygh shuld full mych love ,yo1#bgi e which may be vnderstondyn e letteris and scriptures and stories of good peple1 e which e good knygh shold hire telle gladely and reede e example of1 e which may be vailable to hym4 ,to this purpos ,hermes seith1 8,who so enforceth hyme to gete konyng and goode condicions1 he fyndith at e which shall plese hym in this worlde and in the tothir40 ,yo1 the which is noted for letteris and scriptures1 may be vnderstondyn at e good sperit shuld delyte hym to reede or to here ,holy ,writte and not#bhj e ,scriptures in his mynde1 and thereby may he lerne to clyme to hevyn with ,jhesu ,cryst by good werkys and holy contemplacion and shuld beleve the worethi ,article that ,seynt ,bertylmw seith1 8,ascendit ad clos1 sedet ad dexteram ,dei ,patris ,omnipotentis04 ,,xxx4 ,beware in whatte place so that it be ,in the noyse of flowtes slepe not ye2 ,for ,mercurius that softe syngeth ,with his flowte e peple enchaunteth4 ,a ffabill seyth at1 when ,jubiter louede fayre ,yo1 ,juno had hym gretly in suspeccion and discendid from heven in a skye#bha for to take hire husbonde whit#bhb the dede4 ,but qwhan ,jubiter sawe hir come1 he chawnged his love to a cowe2 yit for all that ,juno was not owt of suspeccion1 but askyd hym e cowe of yifte1 and ,jubiter ayens his lyst grauntyd it to hyr1 as he at dryst not ayens say hire for doute of suspeccion4 an ,juno gaffe ,argus1 e which hade 4c4 yen1 this cow to kepe1 and euer he wchid#bhc it4 ,but the god ,mercurius by e commaundement of ,jubiter toke his flowte1 e which song softly1 and blew so longe in ,argus eyre at all his 4c4 eyne were aslepe4 ,than he smote of hys hede and toke the cowe4 ,the exposicion of this fable may be as at some myghthi man loved a gentilwoman2 than his wyf tooke to hire for to make wache on hir husbonde at he disseyvyd hire not1 and eropon sette grete weches and clere seers1 e which may be noted for ,argus eyne4 ,but e louer by a person malicius and well spekyng dide so miche at e kepers concentyd to gyf hym hys love1 and thus were thei browght aslepe by ,mercurius flowte and hade there hedes smyttyn off4 ,therefore it is seyde to e good knyght at he shulde not suffre himself to be brought on slepe with non swiche flovte as to be robbed of that e which he shuld kepe4 ,and to this purpos ,hermes seith1 8,kepe thou fro o that is gouuernede be malice40 ,be ,mercurius flovte we may vnderstond at e goode sperit be ,sidenote3 f4 #cj4 not disseyvid by e hold enemy trowe#bhd ony mysbeleve of e feyth or othir wyse than he shuld beleue stedefastly e ,article at ,seynt ,matheu e ,euangelist seith1 at ,god shall come and iuge e qweke and the dede1 where he seith1 8,inde venturus iudicare vivos et mortuos04 ,,xxxi4 ,thinketh that ,pirus#bhe shalle resemble ,his fadire and that he shal trobyle ,his enemyis and put theyme to distres2 ,the deth he shall venge for ,achilles4 ,pyrus was ,achilles sone and resembled full wele his ffadir in streyngh and hardines1 and after the deth of his fadyr he come to ,troye and full charply venged his fadir and hurte grettly the ,troyens4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght at1 yf he have myssedone to the ffadir1 lete hym be ware of the sone1 when he comyth to age1 and1 yf the fadir be worthi or manly1 e sone shulde be e same4 ,the wise#bhf man seith to this purpose that the fadris dethe asketh the sone e vengaunce erfore4 ,there where he seith at ,pirus shulde be lech his fader1 by at we may vnderstond the ,holy ,gost1 the which procedyth of the ,fadir1 in whome the good sperit shulde beleve1 as ,seynt ,james e lesse seith1 8,credo in ,spiritum ,sanctum04 ,,xxxii4 ,haunt thow the temple and worchip in tyme ,the godesse#bhg of heven1 and at all tyme ,aftir ,cassaundra kepe thow the gyse1 ,yif at ou wilt be holdyn for wyse4 ,cassandra was ,kyng ,priantes doghtere1 and she was a full good lady and a devoute in there lawe4 ,she seruyd the godesse and haunted e temple and she spak but lytell withowtyn cawse1 and when she most speke she spake nothyng but that was trewe1 ne she was neuer founde with no lesyng2 she was full konyng4 ,therefor it is seide to e good knygh at he shulde be leke hir1 for lewde costomes and lesynges ys gretly to blame in a knyte2 for he shulde serue ,god and worchip the temple1 at is to sey1 the chirche and the ministres thereof4 ,and ,pictagoras seith1 8,it is a ryght loveable thyng to serue ,god and to halowe hys seyntes40#bhh ,the auctorite seyth at e good knygh shulde haunte the ,sidenote3 f4 #ca4 temple4 ,in leche wyse the goode sperit shuld do1 and he shulde haue synguler deuocion in the feythefull holy chirche and in the communion of seyntes1 as the ,article seyth that ,seynt ,symond made1 the which seyth1 8,sanctam ecclesiam catholicam1 sanctorum communionem04 ,,xxxiii4 ,yf ou wylt often haunt the se1 ,of ,neptunus thou shuld ofte remenbre the1 ,and thou shuldest halow gretly his feste1 ,that he may kepe the euer fro tempest4 ,neptunus opon the paynemes lawe was called e god of e see1 and therefor it is seyde to the good knygh at he shuld serue hym1 at is to vndirstond at knyghttes1 the which gosh often in many viages on the se or in other diueres perelles1 haue more nede to be devoute and to serue ,god and his seyntens than othir peplyl1 to the entente at at here nede he may be socourable and helpy to theyme4 ,and thei shulde take a synguler deuocion to some seynte be deuowte prayers1 by the which thei may calle to hym or hire in there besynes4 ,and that prayer wyth hert is not all only sufficiaunt1 the wise man seith that ,god all only ys not well serued be wordes but by goode dedes4 ,be ,neptunus to whom the good knygh shulde calle yf he go ofte by the se we shall vndirstond that the goode sperite1 the which is continually in the se of the worlde1 he shulde calle deuoutely opon his ,maker and pray that he wylle gyffe hym grace so to life that he may haue remissyon of his synnes1 and he shulde beleve the ,article at ,seynt ,jude seyth 8,remissionem peccatorum04 ,,xxxiv4 ,looke at all tymes thou take goode hedde ,bothe to ,acropose#bhi craft and his spede1 ,which smyteth and sparyth non in no kynde2 ,that shal make the to haue i soule in mynde4 ,poyetis calle deth ,accropos2 wherefor it is seide to the good knyght that he shulde thyngke at he shal not euer lyffe in this worlde1 but sone depart derefro4 ,therfor he shulde sette more store by the vertues of the soule than to delytte hym in bodely delytes2 and all ,christen pepill#bij shulde thynkke eropon to the entent that thei myght remembre to#bia provide for the soule1 e which shall endure withowtyn ende4 ,and to this purpose ,pytagoras seith that1 lech as owre begynnyng comyht of ,god1 owre ende most ,sidenote3 f4 #cb4 nedes be there4 ,there where it is seyde to the good knygh that he shulde take hede to ,acropos1 the which is notyd for deth1 the same shuld the goode sperite haue1 the which by e merites of the ,passyon of owre ,lord ,jhesu ,cryste shulde haue stedefaste hoope with the payne and delygence that he shuld put therto to haue heuen at the last ende2 and he shuld beleue stedefastly to ryse ayene at e day of dome to haue euerlestyng lyfe yf he deserue it1 as ,seynt ,mathi seith in the last ,article1 where he seith1 8,carnis resurrectionem1 vitam ternam04 ,,xxxv4 ,belorophon#bib lete hym example be ,in all maner of dedes that doo will he1 ,the which hade mech leuer to dye ,than to supporte vntrouth be any weye4 ,belorophon was a knyght of ryght grete beaute and full of trowthe4 ,his stepmodir louyd hym so hoote at sche required it of hym and1 because that he wold not concent to hir will1 sche dyde so myche that he was condempned to be deuoured with feers bestis1 and he had mo lyste to chese the deth#bic than to do vntrwthe4 ,to this purpose ,hermes seyth1 8,be glader to dye withowte cawse than to do a inconuenyence40 ,we schall come now to declare the ,commawndementis off the ,feyth1 and there too we shall take an allegorie to oure purpose4 ,berolophon1 the which was so full of trowthe1 may be noted for ,god of ,heuen and1 as his hy mercy hath ben to vs1 and is1 full of all trouth1 we may take the ,fryst ,commawndement1 the which seith1 8,thou shalt worchip no strawnge goddes40 ,to this seith ,seynt ,austyn that the worchippe the which is called latre#bid thou shulde not do it1 neythir to ydoile ne to ymage ne to no lekenes of no maner of creature1 for that is a dew worchyppe all only to ,god1 and in this ,commawndement is defendede all ydolatrie4 ,to that owre ,lord seyth in the ,gospell1 8,dominum ,deum tuum adorabis et illi soli seruies04#bie ,,xxxvi4 ,maymon1#bif thyn owyn trewe cosyn indede1 ,the which is thy neyghburgh at i nede1 ,he louyd the so meche thou ought hym loue1 ,and for his nede arme thy body aboue4 ,kyng ,maymon was cosyn to ,hector and of the ,troyens lyne1 ,sidenote3 f4 #cc4 and when ,hector was in fers bayteyles1 where he was oftyn grettely oppressed with his enemyes1 ,maymon1 the which was a full worchipfull knyght1 folowed hym euer nere and socoured ,hector and brake the grete presses of pepyll4 ,and that shewed wele2 ffor when ,achilles hade sleyn hym by treson1 ,maymons wonded ,achilles sore and wolde haue sleyne#big hym1 hade not socoure acome to hym in hast4 ,therefor it is seide to the goode knygh at he shulde loue hym and socoure hym at his nede2 and this is to vnderstonde that euery prince and goode knygh which hath kyne1 be thei neuer so lytell or poore1 so he be goode and trwe1#bih he shulde loue hym and support hym in his dedes and en specyall whene he felyth hym trewe to hym4 ,and it happenyth some tyme that a grete prince is better louede and more trwly of his poore kyne than off a full myghtye man4 ,and to this purpose seith ,rabyon#bii the phelesophre1 8,encres ffrendes1 for they shall be socourable to the40 ,be ,maymon1 e trwe cosyn1 we may vnderstonde ,god of ,heven1 e which hath bene a full trwe cosyn for to take owre manhode1 e which benefette we may not guerdon4 ,thus here may we take the ,secunde ,commawndement1 that seith1 8,thow shalte not take the name of ,god in veyne10 that is to sey1 as ,seynt ,austyn seith1#cjj 8,thou shalt not swere dyshonestly1 ne withowte a cawse1 ne for colour of falsenes1 for there may no gretter abusyon ben than to brynge to a flasse#cja wittenes the chefe and the ryghte stefast trowthe40 ,and in this ,commawndement all lesynges be defendede1 all periure and all blaspheme4 ,the lawe seith to this purpose1 8,non habebit ,dominus insontem eum qui assumpserit nomen ,domini ,dei sui frustra04#cjb ,,xxxvii4 ,avyse the1 or ony worde be shewede1 ,off grete manisynges1#cjc nyse or lewde1 ,comyng forthe of thi mowth be to grete ire1 ,and looke well in ,leomedom the fire4#cjd ,leomedon was kyng of ,troye and fader to ,priant and1 when ,jason1 ,hercules and theire felawes went to ,colcos for to gete the flese of gold and were arived and discendid at the porte of ,troye ffor to refreysche theyme withowte ony hurte of the cuntre1 ,leomedon1 not wele avised1 sent bostus mesangers#cje to voyde theyme of the lond and to manyce theym gretly1 if thei voyded not in hast4 ,than the barons of ,grece were so wrooth for that wrongfull conveyng at after that folowede the destruccion of the fryst ,troye4 erfor it is seide to e good knyght that1 stondyng the worde of manace is foule and velyens1 it shulde be sadely passede#cjf or that it were spokyne1 for many grete hurtes oftyn ,sidenote3 f4 #cd4 tymes folowyth theroff4 ,to this purpose the poyete ,omer seith1 8,he is wyse that can refreyne his mowth40 ,how the worde of grete manase cometh of arrogaunce1 and at to breke e ,commawndment it is also an ouerhoope1#cjg we may vndyrstonde by this that noon shulde breke the halyday1 for at is ayenst the ,commawndment at is seide1 8,vmbethynke the to halowe the ,sabat40 ,by the which ,seynt ,austyn seith it is commawndede vs to halowe the ,sunday in the stede of the ,jues ,sabat1 for than we shuld solemply allso take reste bodyly1 cesyng solemply of all werkes of thralledom1 and to be in rest of sowle in cesyng off all synne4 ,and to this purpose ,ysaye seyth1 the profyte1 8,quiescite agere perverse1 discite bene facere04#cjh ,,xxxviii4 ,trust no thyng to be in certeynete ,vnto that e trowth wele knowyn be2 ,for a lytell of presumcion ,piramus maketh the mencion4 ,pyramus was a yong ientylman of the cyte of ,babylonie1 and ffro that he was but vii4 yere olde loue woundede hym with his darte1 and he was sore takyne with the loue of ,tysbe the feyre yong ientylwoman1 e which was leke to hym in kyn and of age2 and by e grete hauntyng of e twoo louers togedir e grete loue was perseyuid and by a seruaunte accused to e modir of e yong gentylvoman1 e which tooke hir dougter and schette hir in hir chambre and she shulde kepe hir wele inowgh from the hauntyng of ,piramus4 ,and erfor er was grete woo betwyne e two childyrne in full pitous complayntes and wepyng4 ,that prison dured longe1 but as they wexe in age e sparke of loue encressed2 for all ther longe absence it qwenchid neuer the more4 ,bytweyne e places of ther kyne#cji was but a thynne wall4 ,thesbe perceyved the wall crassed1#caj where throw she saw brygnes#caa on the toer side2 than she toke the pendavnde of hir gyrdill#cab and put it throw the crevesse to e entent at hir loue myht perseyue it1 as that he dede in schorte tyme4 ,and there thei iio louers made ofte there assembles wiht full petous compleyntes4 ,at the laste1 as two sore constreynyd be loue1 there acorde was sich that that nyte in the fryst qwarter of the nyght they shulde parte fro there kynne and mete withowte the cyte at a well vndir a qwythe thorne1#cac where in there childehode they were wonte to pleye4 ,when ,thesbe was come to the welle all alone and ferefull1 she harde a lyon come full rudly1 ffor the which she1 full of fere1 fledde and layde hyr in a bosche fast by2 but in the waye felle from hir a white wymple4 ,piramus come1 the which by the moneshyne perseyuyd the wymple1 but the lyon hade fylyd it and made it all blody1 the#cad 99 99 99 99 99 ,in#cae as mych as the nutte is better than the shelle1#caf it is seyde ,sidenote3 f4 #ce4 to the good knyght at he shulde not sette his thowght in felicite1 at e parseyvyng of worthines be leste therefor4 ,to this purpose ,hermes seith that it is better to haue pouerte in doyng goode dedys than riches lewdly or evyl getyn1 standing worthines is euerlestyng and riches voide and dissauable4 ,juno1 whom he shulde not sette myche by1 e which is takyn for ryches1 we may vnderstond erby at e good spyrit shulde disprayse ryches4 ,and ,seynt ,bernard seith1 8,o son off ,adam1 leue couetyse4 ,wherefor louest thou so mych this worldly ryches1 the which be neythir trwe ne thei be not yowres1 and1 wheer ye will or non1 at yowre dethe ye most nedis leue theyme80 ,and the ,gospell seyth at a chamelle shuld souner passe throwe an nedelles ye than a riche man shuld entre into the kynddom of heuen2 for a chamel hath but oo boche on the bake#cag and the evyl ryche man hath 4iio41 on of evill possessions and e tothir of synnes4 ,he most nedis leue the fryst boche at the dethe1 but e tothir1 wheythir he will or non1 he shall bere with hym1 if he leue it not afore or that he dye4 ,to this purpose oure ,lord seith in e ,gospell1 8,facilius est camelum per foramen acus transire quam divitem intrare in regnum clorum04#cah ,l4 ,ayens ,amphoras#cai sad counsell1 ,i e sey1 ,go not to distrye1 for than thou shalt dye1 ,to ,thebes1 ne in the cete of ,arges ,assemble not host with chelde ne targes4 ,amphoras was a full wyse clerk of the cete of ,arges and hade myche connyng1 and1 when kyng ,adrastus wolde go oppon ,thebes for to distrye the cyte1 ,amphoras1 e which by kunnyng knewe what harme myth fall erof1 counseld the kyng not to goo1 for1 yf he wente1 thei all shulde be dede and dystroyed2 but he was not beleuyd4 ,yit it felle as he seyde4 ,wherefor it is seide to the good knyght at ayens the counsell of wyse men he shulde take no grete enterpryse4 ,but as ,soleyne#cbj seith1 8,the wyse manes counsell vayleth lytell to hym at wyl not do therafter40 ,be ,amphoras counsel1 ayens the which non shulde goo to bateyle1 we may take that the goode sperit shuld folowe holy prechyngges4 ,and ,seynte ,gregorie seyth in his ,omelies at1 lech as the lyffe of the body may notte be susteyned withowte that he take his refeccion bodyly1 on the same wyse e lyfe of the soule may not be ,sidenote3 f4 #cf susteined withowte ofte heryng the good worde of ,god4#cba ,than ,godes wordes the which ye here#cbb with youre bodely heris reseyue them in yowre hertis2 for1 whan the word is hed and kepte in yowre wombe of mynde1 than it may profyte1 but1 as a seke stomak castyth owt his mete1 and as men be in dispayre of hym that brokyth notte but castith all owte1 euen so his he in perell of euerlastyng dethe at heryth prechyng and doth not erafter4 erfor the ,scriptur seith1 8,non in omni solo pane vivit homo1 sed in omni verbo quod procedit de ore ,dei40#cbc ,,li4 ,gouerne thou thi tong aftir ,saturne2 ,late not evill theryn long soiorne4 ,to speke to mech it is a fowle custome1 ,and grete foly erin is to presume4 ,saturne1 as ,i haue seide before1#cbd is a planeth hevy and sclowe4 ,therfor it is seide to e good knyght that his tong shulde be leke to hym2 for the tong shulde not be to hasty in spekyng to mych1 but wysyly1 so that it speke non harme of noon1 ne no thyng at a mane myth there impresun folye1#cbe for a poyete seyth1 8,by the worde men knowyth a wyse man1 and by the looke a foole40 ,be the tong1 the which shulde be lech ,saturne1 is vndirstonden the sadenes#cbf of speche4 ,hue of ,seynt ,victore seith to this purpose that e mouth e which hathe not the kepyng of discrecion farith as a cete that is withoute a walle1 as a vessell that hathe no bothom1#cbg as an horse that hath no brydel1 and as a chippe at hath no rothir4 ,an evil kepte tong glydith as an ele1 it perchith as an arwe2 frendes are sone turned therby and ennemyes multiplied4 ,it is sclaunderus and soweth discordes2 at a strok it smyttyth and kyllyth many persones4 ,whoso kepyth his tong kepith his soule2 for#cbh deth and lyffe is in the poure off e soule4 ,and to this purpose ,dauid seith in the ,sawter booke1 8,prohibe linguam tuam a malo1 et labia tua ne loquantur dolum04#cbi ,,lii4 ,beleue the ,crow and his true counsell1 ,and be neuer besy ne trauele ,in evil thyngges to be e berer2 ,off thi deme thou mayst be e suerer4#ccj ,the fable seith that the crowe mette e ravyn when he browte the tidynges to ,phebus of his loue ,corinis1 e which hade done ,sidenote3 f4 #cg4 amysse1 and she#cca requiryd of hym so ferre at he tolde hyr#ccb the cawse of this iurneye4 ,but#ccc she dissalowed hyme because he went not for to gyffe hym example of the same1 the which for a lych cas hade ben chassede owte of the pallas howse1 where some time she was wonte to be gretly avanced4 ,but he wolde not beleue hyr1 for e which harme folowed to hym4 ,where it is seyde to e good knyght at he shulde trost e crowe2 and ,platon seith1 8,be no iangeler ne to the knyng grete reportur of tydynges40 ,how the crowe shulde be beleued1 it is seide that the goode speryte shulde vse sych counsell4 ,as ,seynt ,grigorie seith in his ,omelies1 at strenght vailet not when counsel is not1 ffor streynght is sone ouerthrowyn1 iffe it be not rested opon the gyfte of counsell1 and the soule e whych hath lost in hym the seege of counsell outewarde he is dysparbuled#ccd in diuerse desires4 ,therefor the wyse man seyth1 8,si intraverit sapientia cor tuum1 consilium custodiet te et prudentia servabit te04#cce ,,liii4 ,iff thou enforce the with#ccf any wyght ,strenger than thou to make playes of myghte1 ,withdrawe the fayre at hurte thou ne be2 ,off ,ganymedes vmbethynk the4 ,ganymedes#ccg was a yong ientilman of the ,troyens ligne2 and a fable seith at ,phebus and he strof togedir in castyng of a barre of yron1 and1 as ,ganymedes myth not withstond the strenght of ,phebus1 he was slayne wyth e reboundyng of e barre ,phebus hade lawnchyd so hye that he had lost e syght erof4 ,and erfor it is seyde that e stryffe is not goode with a strenger and a myghtier than a man is hym selfe1 ffor ther may not cumme thereof but grete inconuenyencie4 ,where a wyse man seith1 8,to be besy with men at vse vngracious games1 it is a syngne of pride1 and communly the ende is angry40 ,fore to sey that a man shuld not enforce hym ayens a streynger an he is hym selfe1 it is to vndirstond that the goode sperite shulde not take on hym to stronge pennawnce withowte counsell4 ,seynt ,grigori in his ,moralles spekyth hereof and seyth at penawnce profytteth not1 yf it be not discrete1 ne the vertue of abstynens is not worthe1 yf it be sette in sych wyse that it be scharper than the body may suffre4 ,and erfor it is to conclude at no poore person shulde take it on hym withowte counsel off more discrete than hym selfe4 ,where the wyse man seyth in his ,prouerbes1 8,ubi multa consilia1 ibi est salus04#cch ,,liv4 ,resemble not to ,jasone1 that man ,sidenote3 f4 #ch4 ,the which throu ,medee e fleze wan ,off golde1 for e which soon afterwarde ,he yafe hire right evill guerdon and harde4 ,jason was a knyght of ,grece1 e which went into strawnge cuntreis1 that is to sey1 into the ,ile of ,colcos1 by the enortyng off his vncle ,pelleus1 the which of envy desired his deth4 ,there was a chepe#cci at hadde a flees of golde and it was kepte by enchauntment2 but the conquest was so strong that non comme thedir but that lost there lyfe4 ,medee1 the whiche was the kynges doughter of that cuntre1 toke so grete loue to ,jason at by the enchauntmentes that sche cowde1 off the which sche was a soueren maysteres1 she made charmes and lerned ,jason enchauntementis by the whiche he whanne the fleese of golde1 wereby he hade worchip aboue all knyttes lyvynge1 and by ,medee was reserued fro deth1 to whom he hade promysyd euer to be trwe freende4 ,but efftyr he fayled of hys feyth and loued anothir and left hyr holy#cdj and forsoke hir1 notwithstondyng she was off soueren beaute4 ,therfor it is seyde to the good knyght that he shulde not be leke to ,jason1 the which was vnknowyn and to ontrwe to at the which hade schewed hym mych goodenes4#cda ,wherefor it is to veleyns a thyng for a knyght or any nobill person to be rekeles or evyll knowyng of goodenesse1 iff any he hath reseyuyd1 be it of lady or off gentylwoman or off ony othir persone2 ffor he shulde euere thynke thereon and guerdon it vnto his powere4 ,to this purpose ,hermes seith1 8,be not slowe ne delayyng to remembre of hym at hath doone the goode1 for thou shuldest euer thynkke thereopon40 ,the good sperite shulde not be leke to ,jason1 the which was rekeles1 ne vncunnyng of the benefices reseyvid of his ,maker4 ,and ,seynt ,barnarde seith opon the ,cantecles that vnkunnyng is ennemye to the soule1 a lesser of vertues and dispraysyng of meritis and a lessyng of beneficis1 and allso ingratitude fareth as nowght1#cdb the which dryeth the well of pete1 the dewe of grace and the reuer of mercye4 ,and to this purpose the wyse man seith1 8,ingrati enim spes tanquam hibernalis glacies tabescet et disperiet tanquam aqua supervacua40#cdc ,,lv4 ,kepe the wele fro the serpent ,gorgon2 ,sidenote3 f4 #ci4 ,be ware that thou looke not hyr#cdd opon2 ,haue good sadde mynde opon ,percyualle1#cde ,and he shall the tell the story all4 ,gorgon1 as the fable seith1 was a gentylvoman of souereyne beaute2 but because that ,phebus#cdf lay by hyr in the temple of ,diane1 the godes was so sore meved and grevyd that she schawnged hir into a serpent of ryght orribil figure4 ,and at serpent hade sich a propirte at euery man that behelde hir was changed sodeynely into a ston2 and for the harme that folwed of hire ,percyvale1 the worthi knyght1 went for to fyght with that fers beste4 ,and he behelde hym selfe in the bryghtnes of his shelde1 the whiche was all golde1 because he shulde not beholde the evill serpent1 and he dide so mych at he smote of hir#cdg hede4 ,many exposicions may be made of this fable1 and ,gorgon may be vndirstonden for a cete or a towne at was wonte to be of grete bounte1 but throw the vicis of the duellers erin it become a serpent and venemus2 that is to vnderstonde1 at it dede mych harme in the marches to there neygburs1 as to robbe and to pyll holy chirche1#cdh all tho at thei myghte gete1 and merchawndys and othir passeris forby were takyn and holden and put in streyte presonys and thus were thei chawnged into stones4 ,percivale1 that behelde hym selfe in his chelde1 at is to sey1 in his strynght and knyghode1 and went to fyght ayens the cite1 he tooke it and tooke the power fro it1 at it dede no more harme4#cdi ,it myght be that some man myght take a full feyre lady of evyll dedys1 e which bi hire couetise put many from there goodes1 but he put hir from at wyll2 and many othir vndirstondynges may be sette herein4 ,therefor it is seide to e good knyght that he kepe hym fro behaldyng evill thyngges1 e which myght drawe hym to evyll4 ,and ,aristotil seith1 8,fle peple full of wikydnes and befolowe wyse men and stody in there bookes and beholde thy selfe in theire dedes40 ,how that ,gorgon shulde notte be beholden1 at is to sey at e good sperite shuld not behold no thyng in no maner delyte1 but beholde#cej hym in e childe#cea of e state of perfeccion1 and at is for to fle delites4 ,aristotyl#ceb seithe at1 as it is impossibyl at fire shuld burn in water1 so it is impossibyl at compunccion#cec of herte is among worldly delites1 for thei be 4iio4 contrary thynges at distroyith iche of them othir1 for compunccion is modir of terres and delites engenderyth laughynges1 compunccion restreynyth the ,sidenote3 f4 #dj4 hert and delites enlargeth it4 ,to thys purpose seyth ,holy ,scripture1 8,they at sowyn in wepyng shal repyn in lawyng40#ced ,,lvi4 ,yf that loue make shorte to e e nyght1 ,be ware ,phebus noye the not with his myght1 ,wherby thou mayst be take and tied ,in ,vlnecans lyeines and ouerleyede4#cee ,a ffable seith that ,mars and ,venus loued togedir par amovres4 ,it ffelle on a nyght that e#cef loueres were aslepe1 arme in arme4 ,phebus1 the which sawe clerly1 come opon theyme and for the which he accused theyme to ,vulcans1 ,venus husbond4 ,than he1 at sawe theyme in that plyte1 forged a lyeine and a cheyne of bras and bond them togedir so that thei myght not meve1 as he at is smyth of heuen and can worke sotely1 and thus he come opon theyme and thanne went he forth to the tothir godes#ceg and sheued theyme his shame4 ,and the fable seith that sich rotters there be at wolde full fayne falle in e same mysdede4#ceh ,to this fabill may be sette diuers exposicions1 and it may full souereynly towche some poyntes of astronomye#cei to tho at sotely can vndirstond it4 ,mars#cfj to owre purpose seith at e good knyght shulde kepe hym at in syche cas he be not ouerlede before yetilnes of tyme4#cfa ,and a wyse man seith1 8,vnnethes is ony thynge of secrete but that of some it is perceyuyd40 ,there where e auctorite seith at1 if lowe#cfb schorte the nyghte to the1 we shall sey at e gode sperit shulde kepe hym from e wacches of the fende4 ,seynt ,leo the pope seith to this1 at e holde ennemy1 the which transfygured hym into an angell of lyght1#cfc sesseth not to strech his snaris of temptacions ouer all and to aspie how he may corumpe e feithe of good beleuers2 he beholdyth whome he shall embrace with e fyer of couetyse1 whom he shall enflame with the brennyng desyre of lechery1 to whom he shall purpose the lekerousnes of glotenye2 he examynyth of all customes1 discutyth of hertes1 commyteth#cfd affeccions and there seketh he cause of iniure where he fyndeth hyme4 ,therefor seyth ,seynt ,petyr the apostle1 8,sobrii estote et vigilate quia adversarius vester diabolus tanquam leo rugiens circuit qurens quem devoret04#cfe ,,lvii4 ,thamaris#cff dispraysed may not well be1 ,sidenote3 f4 #da4 ,though a voman she were of ,femene4 ,umbethynk the where takyn was ,cyrus1 ,for ryght herde and dere he brought at distrus4#cfg ,thamaris was qwen of ,amazonie1 a full worthy lady and full off grete worthynesse1 of grete hardynes and wyse in armes and gouernauns4 ,cirus1 the grete kyng of ,perse1 the which hadde conqwered many a region1 with a grete host he meved ffor to goo ayens a grete reaume of ,femene1 of the which he sette but lytell by the streynghte4 ,but she1 the which was experte and sotyll in crafte of armes1 suffyrd hym to entre into hyr reaume wythowte ony mevyng of hyr into the tyme that he was comyn into strate passage among hylles and grete mownteynes1 where a full strong cuntre was4 ,than be ,thamaris busshmentes#cfh he was assaylled on euery parte with the wymmens hoste and browght so ferre forthe at he was takyn4 ,the qwhen made hym to be browght before hir and made his hede be smetyn off and to be cast in a tobbe full off his barons blode1 the which she had made to be sheded in his presens1 and ,thamaris spak in this wyse1 8,cirus1 the which had neuer inowgh of mannys blode1 now mayst thow drynke inowthe40 ,and thus endyd ,cirus1 the grete kyng of ,perse1 the which was neuer ouercome in no batayle affore4 ,therefor ,othea seith to the good knyght that he shulde neuer be ouertrostyng in hyme selphe1 but at he shulde doute that he mytht happe amysse by some infortune and yit by symplere than he ys4 ,to this purpose ,platon seith1 8,disprayse noon1 ffor hys wertues may be grete40 ,thamaris1 the which shulde not be dispraysed1 thowe at she be a voman1 is to sey at a good speryte shulde not disprayse in hate#cfi the state of mekenes1 be it in relygion or ell where2 and that mekenes is to prayse4 ,jon ,cassian#cgj seith that in no wyse the edifice of vertues in oure sowle may not reyse ne dresse hym self if the fundement of very mekenes be not tastyd fryst in oure hertes1 the which1 and it be ryghte stedefastly sette1 may susteyne e lynes of perfeccion and of charite4 ,therefor the wyse man seyth1 8,quanto maior es humilia te ipsum in omnibus et coram ,deo invenies gratiam04#cga ,,lviii4 ,thy witte to be ennorted#cgb suffre nought ,to foly delitys1 ne herto brought ,thy wyrchip2 if it be asked of the1 ,anon beholde the wele in ,medee4 ,medee was on of the konnyngest women of sorserye that euer ,sidenote3 f4 #db4 was and hade most kunnyng2 and at stories seith4 ,notwythstondyng she suffred hire witte to be enorted at the owne will for to fullfylle hire delyte1 as in lewde love she suffyrd hyre to be maystyrde1 so at she sette hire herte opon ,jason and yaffe hym worchip1 body and goodes2 ffor the which after that he yaffe hire a full evyll rewarde4 ,wherefor ,othea seith that the good knyght shulde not suffre reson to be ouercome wyth lewde delyte in no maner cas1 iff he will vse of the vertue of streynght4 ,and ,platon seyth that a man of lyghte corage is sone meved#cgc wyth that the which he louede4 ,that a man shulde not suffre his wytte to be ennorted to lewde delyte may be vnderstondyn that the goode sperit shulde not suffre his propir will to haue dominacion2 for1 yf propir will of dominacion cesyd not1 there shulde be noon hell ne the fyer off hell shuld haue no dominacion but opon the person that sufferyth his propir will to be lorde of hym1 ffor propir will feythyt ayens ,god and enprideth the selfe4 ,that is the which dispoilleth ,paradyse and clothit hell and voydeth the valu of the blode of ,cryst ,jhesu and submyttyth the worlde to the tharledom of the feend4 ,to this purpose the wyse man seyth1 8,virga atque correptio tribuit sapientiam2 puer autem qui dimittitur voluntati su confundit matrem suam40#cgd ,,lix4 ,iff thou be soget to god ,cupido1 ,the wood#cge giant looke thou kepe the fro1 ,that the harde roche in no wyse may put be ,opon ,acis and opon ,galatee4#cgf ,galatee was a fayre godesse1 the which had a yong ientilman that she loued and he was dede4#cgg ,there was a gyant of a fowle stature that loued hir1 but she lyste not to loue hym2 but he aspied hir so besily that he perceyued theyme bothe in the creues of a roche4 ,thanne were they ouerleyde#cgh with a sodeyne rage1 and the roche trembled in syche wyse that it holy brak and raffe asownedyr4 ,but ,galatee1 the which was a fayrye1#cgi dressyd hir into the see#chj and askapid therby4 ,this is to vndirstond that the good knyght shulde be ware in sich case to be ouerleyde with sich as hath myght and wyll to greve hym4 ,how he shuld be ware of the gyant1 the which is yoven to ,cupido1 itt is to vnderstond that the good speryte shuld be wele ware that he hath non ymagenacion to the worlde ne to no thynge ,sidenote3 f4 #dc4 erof1 but euer thynke that all woordly thynges may litell while endure4 ,for ,seynt ,jerom seyth opon ,jeremye that there is no thyng may be noysed long emong those thynges which shalle haue ende2 so all owre tyme is as of litell regarde to the euerlastyng terme4 ,to this purpose the wyse man seyth1 8,transierunt omnia illa tanquam umbra et tanquam nuntius percurrens04#cha ,,lx4 ,fleeth euer the godesse of ,dyscorde2 ,euyl be hire lyenis and hire corde4 ,pellus#chb mariage full sore she trobled1 ,for the which after mych foolke assembled4 ,dyscorde is a godesse of evil dedys1 and a fabyll seyth that whan ,pellus weddyd the godesse ,thetis1 off whome ,achilles was after that borne1 ,jubiter and all the tothir godes and godesses were at the mariage1 but the godes of ,discorde was not prayed therto and therefor for invie she com onsent for4 ,but she come not all for noghte1 for she dide verily hir office4 ,when they were sette at dynne at a borde1 the 4iii4 myghty godesses ,pallas1 ,juno and ,venus1 there come ,discorde and cast an appell of golde opon the borde1 whereon was wretyn 8,lete this be gouen to the ffayrest02 and than the fest was trobeld1 for yche off theyme sey thei ought to haue it4 ,they went afore ,jubiter for to be iuged of that discorde1 but he wolde not plese on to displese anothir4 ,wherefore thei putte the debate opon ,paaris of ,troye1#chc the which was an herde man than1#chd as his modir drempt1 when sche was grete with hyme1 that he schulde be cawse off distruccion of ,troye2 he was sent therfor to the forest to the herdeman1 venyng#che to hym that he hadde bene his sone4 ,and there ,mercurius1 the wiche conducted the ladies1#chf tolde hym whos sone that he was2 than he lefte kepyng of shepe and went to ,troye to his grete kynne4 ,the fabill witneschit thus1 where the weri stori is hidde vndir poyetikly couertoure1 and because that often tymes many grete mischevis hath fallen and fallyth throwe discorde and debate1 ,othea seith to the goode knyth that he shulde be ware of discorde2 so that1 as it is a fowle thyng to be a debatoure and to move riottes1 ,pitagoras seith 8,go not10 seith he1 8in that weye where that hattes#chg growes40 ,where it is seyde that discorde shuld be fleed1 on the same wyse the good sperit shulde flee all lettynges of consience and ,sidenote3 f4 #dd4 eschewe stryvis and riottes4 ,cassiodorus#chh souuerainly seith1 8,he fleeth stryves and riottes2 for to stryve ayens pes it is woodnes1 to stryue ayens his souereyne it is maddenes1 to stryve ayens his soogette it is grete velany40 ,therefor ,seynte ,powle seith1 8,non in contentione et mulatione04#chi ,,lxi4 ,thyne evyll misdede forgete thou noght1 ,iff thou to any#cij haue so myche wroughte1 ,for the reward he will wele kepe fro the4 ,distroyed was ,leomedon1 parde4 ,leomedon1 as ,i haue seide1 was kyng off ,troye1 and he hadde done grete velany to the barons of ,grece#cia to voyde them fro his lande#cib2 the wiche they foryate noght1 but ,leomedon hathe foryeten it whan the ,grekes ron on hym1 the wiche ouercome hym1 he oncouered and disporveide1 so they distroyyd hym4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that1 yf he hathe mysdone to any1 that he kepe hym wele1 ffor he may be sekyr it shal notte be foryeten1 but rather wenged1#cic whanne he may haue tyme and place4 ,and to this purpose ,hermes seyth1 8,be ware that thynne ennemyes com not vpon the1 and thou disporveyde40 ,that he shuld not forgete the myssedede that he hathe done to anothir may be vndirstondyn at1 when the good sperite felyth hym in synne for fawte of resistence1 he shulde thynke that he shuld be ponnysshede1 as thei be that be dampnyd1 yf he amende hym notte4 ,and therof seith ,seynt ,gregorie that the dome of ,god goth nowe fair and softely and a sclowe pas1 but in tyme comyng it shall recompence the more greuously the mercy shall tarry of his acte4 ,to this purpose the prophete ,joel seith1 8,convertimini ad ,dominum ,deum vestrum1 quia benignus et misericors est10 etc44#cid ,,lxii4 ,iff it happe thou be of loue doited1#cie ,be ware at the leste to whom thou tell it2 ,that thi dedes discouered not be1 ,vmbethynke the welle of ,semelle4#cif ,the fable seith that ,semelle was a gentylwoman that ,jubiter loved paramours4 ,juno1 the wiche was in ialoucie1 tooke the lekenes of an auncient woman and cam to ,semelle and with fayre wordys began to reson hyre in so moche that ,semelle knowliged to hyre all the love off hyre and of hyr loue1 and to be well beloued and knowen of hyme she vaunted hire4 ,the godesse anne seyde to hir1 the ,sidenote3 f4 #de4 wiche tooke no hede of the dissayte1 that she perceyued#cig nothyng yit of the love of hire love1 but when she shulde be nexte with hym1 that she shulde aske hym a yifte and1 when she hadde well requyred hym and that he hadde grawnted1 that she shulde desyre of hym that he wolde vouchesafe to halse#cih hir in syche wyse as he halsed ,juno his wyffe1 when that he wolde solace hym with here1 and in syche wyse myght she perceyue the loue of hyre love4 ,semelle fforyate it not1 and when she hade made the requeste to ,jubiter1 the wiche hade promysyd it hyre and as a god that myght not calle it agayne1 he was full sori and wyst wele that sche hadde bene disseyved4 ,than ,jubiter tooke lekenes of fire#cii and halsed his loue1 the wiche in a litell while was all bruled and brent1 for the wiche ,jubiter was full hevy of at aventure4 ,opon this fabill may be takyn many vnderstondynges1 anamly opon the science off astronomie1 as maystris seyne4 ,but it may be allso that be some weye a gentilwoman may be disseyved by the wyffe of hyr loue1 wherethrowgh hym selfe made hir to die be inaduertance4 ,and therfor it is seyde to the good knyght that he shuld be ware1 whanne he spekyth of a thyng that he wolde that it were secrete1 afore or he speke hys worde1 to whome he seyth it and whatte he seyth1 for by the circumstances thyngges ma ben vndirstondyn4 ,therefor ,hermes seith1 8,shewe not the secretes of thi thoughtes but to thoo that thou hast well preued40 ,how he shulde take hede to whome he spekyth we may vndirstond that the good sperite1 what so euer hys thowtys be1 he shulde be ware in euery cas where evil suspeccion myght falle to ony othir4 ,as ,seynt ,austyn seith in the booke of ,job1#djj that we shuld not all only sete store to haue good conscience1 but in as myche as owre infirmyte may1 and as myche as the diligence of mankyndly frelnes may1 wee shuld take good hede that we dede no thyng that myght come to evil suspeccion to owre stedefast brothir4#dja ,to this purpose seith ,seynt ,poule the apostle1 8,in omnibus prbe te ipsum exemplum bonorum operum04#djb ,,lxiii4 ,the disporte trust not to mychyll opon ,of ,dyane1 for er is disporte right none ,for them at ben in knyghthode pursewyng ,that shuld cause them to haunt to mych huntyng4 ,dyane is called godess off the wode and of huntyng2 so it is seide to the good knyght pursewyng the hight name of armes at he shulde not mvse to myche in the disportes of huntyng1 for it is a ,sidenote3 f4 #df4 thyng that longeth to ydylnes4 ,and ,arystotle seith that ydilnes ledyth a man to all inconveniences4 ,that a man shuld not folwe to myche ,dyanes disporte1 the wiche is take for ydilnes1 the goode speryte may noote the same1 and that is to eschew4 ,seynt ,grygori seyth1 8,do euer some goode thynge1 that the fende may allway fynde the occupied in some goode occupacion40 ,to this purpose the wyse man seith1 8,consideravit semitas domus su et panem otiosa non comedit04#djc ,,lxiv4 ,avaunte the not1 for grete harme fell therefore#djd ,to ,yragnes1#dje the wich myssetook hir sore1 ,that ayens ,pallas hire so avaunted1 ,for the wyche the goodesse hire enchaunted4 ,the fable seyth that ,yragnes was a gentylwoman full sotyll and kunnyng in schapyng1 wevyng and sewyng1 but she was too presumtuos of hir connyng and indede she vaunted hire ayens ,pallas4 ,for the wyche the godes was greued wyth here that fore that foly vauntyng sche schawneged hyr into an yraigne and than seyde1 8,thou vaunted the so myche in wevyng and sewyng that thou shalt euer aftir this weve and spynne werke of no value10 and fro thiens come the yraignes that be yite1 the wiche sessyth not of spynnyng and wevyng4 ,it may be so vndirstonden that some persone wanted ayens hir maystres1 ffor the wiche in some wyse thei tooke harme4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that he shuld not vaunt hyme1 standyng it is a foule thyng for a knyght to be a vauntoure1 for it may abuse to myche the prayse of his bownte4 ,and in the same wyse ,platon seyth1 8,when thou dost a thyng10 seith he1#djf 8better than anothir1 be ware thou avaunte not therof1 for yf thou doo thyne avayle is myche the lesse40 ,for that a man shuld not vaunte hym1 we may sey that the goode sperite shulde be ware of wauntyng1 for ,seynt ,austyn spekith ayens vauntyng in the 4xii4 boke of the ,cete of ,god1 at vauntyng is not mankyndly praysyng1 but is aturnyd to vyse of the sovle1 the wich louyth mankyndly praysynges and dispithet the wery wytnes of his propyr consyence4 ,to this purpose the wyse man seythe1 8,quid nobis profuit superbia1 aut diuitiarum jactantia804#djg ,,lxv4 ,iff to grete desyre will them brynge ,to loue mechell disporte of huntynge1 ,dadonius#djh than remenbre may the1 ,for with a woode wilde bore dede was he4 ,dadanius was a ioly gentylman#dji and of grete beaute4 ,venus loued hym paramoures1 but because he delytyd hym to myche in huntyng1 ,venus1 the wich douted that some hurt myth com to hym by some aventure1 she prayed hym ofte to be ware how he huntyd to grete bestes4 ,but ,dadonius wolde not be ware1 and therfor he was slayne wyth a wilde bore4 ,therfor it is seyde to the good knyght that1 yf he wille all gates hunte1 late hym kepe hym from sych huntyng that may doo hym harme4 ,to this purpose the profete ,sedechias#daj seith that a knyght shulde not suffre his sone hunte to myche ne be ydyll1 but he shulde make hym to be enformed to goode condicions and to fle vanyte4 ,how he shulde thynke on ,dadonius may be vnderstondyn that1 yif the goode sperite be in any wyse out off the weye1 that at the leste he shulde thynke on the grete perell of perseuerance2 for1 as the fende hath grete myght opon synners1 ,seynt ,petir seythe in the secund ,pystyll#daa that synners ben bownde to corupcion and the fende hath power ouer theyme1 for he that in batayle is ouercome of an othir is becomyn bonde to hym4 ,and in tokyn therof it is seyde in the ,pocalipse1 8,data est besti potestas in omnem tribum et populum40#dab ,,lxvi4 ,if so be thette there assaile the any1 ,be ware thou ne thi men ryse not lyghtly ,ayens theyme1 that thi town of strenght not slake2 ,off the fryst ,troye example thou mayst take4 ,whenne ,hercules wyth mych pepyll com opon the fryst ,troye and that kyng ,leomedon herd seye of there comyng1 than he with all the peple that he myght gete in the cete yode owte and went ayens theyme to the water syde1 and there theye assembled wyth full ferse bataile and e cete was left voyde of peple4 ,than ,thelamen ,ayaux1 the wich was enbushed wyth a grete oste nere the walles of the cete1 enteryd into it1 and thus the fryst ,troye was takyn4 ,therefor it is seyde to the goode knyght that he shulde kepe hym1 that in siche wyse he be not disseyuyd wyth his ,sidenote3 f4 #dh4 ennemyes4 ,and ,hermes seyth1 8,kepe the from the peple#dac of thyn ennemyes40 ,where it is seyde that a man shuld kepe hym1 yf he be assayled1 that his cete be not voide1 it is to sey that the good spyryte shulde euer kepe hym sesid and filled with vertues4 ,and hereto seyth ,seynt ,austyn that1 lyche as in tyme of werre men of armes shuld not be onsesyde of theyre armes ne owt of theyme nyght ner day1 on the same wyse duryng the tyme of this present lyfe he shulde not be dyspoyled of vertues1 for he thate the fende fyndeth withowte vertues faryth as he that the aduersari fyndyth withoute armes4 ,therfor the ,gospel seyth1 8,fortis armatus custodit atrium suum04#dad ,,lxvii4 ,opon the harpe assot the not to sore ,off ,orpheus4 ,yf thou sete any store ,be armes1 thou wylte erin wele spede4 ,to fre#dae instrementis thou hast non nede4 ,orpheus was a poyete1 and the fabill seyth that he cowde welle pleye on the harrpe1 so that the ryngyng#daf wateres all only tournyd theyre coruse1 and the birdes of the eyre1 the wylde bestes and the fres#dag serpentis foryate there cruelnes and restyd to here the songge and the swete sounde of his harpe4 ,this is to vnderstond he pleyith so wele that all maner of pepill of whate condicions that they were delytede theyme to here the poietis pley4 ,and becawse that syche instrumentis sotted often the hertis of men1 it is seyde to the goode knyght that he shuld not delyte hym to meche therein1 for it longeth not to the sones of knyghthode to mvse to mych in instrumentis ne in othir ydylnes4 ,to this purpose an auctorite seyth1 8,the soule of the instrument is the snare of the serpent02 and ,platon seyth1 8,he at settyth holy his plesauns of fleysly delythes is more bond an a sclawe10 that is to seye1 than a man that is bought and solde4 ,orpheus harpe1 vpon the wich a man shulde not be assotted1 we may vndirstonde that the knyghtly sperite shulde not be assotted ne mvsyd in no maner of wordly felacheppe1 be it kynne or othir4 ,seynt ,austyn seyth in the booke of the ,syngularyte off ,clerkis that the solytary man felyth lesse prekynges of his fleych that havntyth not voluptuousenes than he that hawntyth it1 and lesse it ,sidenote3 f4 #di4 sterith to couetyse the which seeth not wordly riches#dah than he that seeth it4 ,therefor ,dauyd seith1 8,vigilavi et factus sum sicut passer solitarius in tecto04#dai ,,lxviii4 ,grownde yow not opon noone avysyons1 ,ne opon no lewde illusyons ,off grete emprise1 thought it be ryght or wrong1 ,and of ,paaris remenbre yow among4 ,because that ,paryis hadde dremed that he shulde ravysch ,helayne in ,grece1 a grete army was made and sent ffro ,troye into ,grece1 where that ,paryis ravysshede ,heleyne4 ,than for that wrongfull dede they com after that opon ,troye with all the power off ,grece4 ,there was soo grete a covnetre at that tyme that it lastyd to the contre that we calle now ,puille#dbj and ,calebre in ,ytaly1 and that tyme it was called ,lytyl ,grece4#dba ,and of that contre was ,achilles and e ,mirmedewes1 the which were so worthi fyters4 ,that grete quantite of pepill confoundid ,troye and all the contre4 ,therefor it is seyde to the good knyght that he shulde not ondirtake to doo no grete thynge opon avysiones1 for grete harme and grete besynes may come thereoff4 ,and that a grete emprise shuld not be done wythowte good deliberacion of counsell1 ,platon seyth1 8,do nothyng10 seith he1 8but that thy wytte hath ouerseen afore40 ,that a grete empryse shuld not be takyn for avisyon1 that is to sey that the good sperite shulde in no vyse presume ne reyse hym selphe in arrogance for no maner of grace that ,god hath yoven hym4 ,and ,seynt ,gregorie seyth in his ,morales that there be 4iiii4 spices#dbb in the whiche all bolnynges of arrogances be shewed4 ,the fryst is when they noyse they haue of them selfe the goodnes that they haue2 the 4ii4 is when they wene welle that they haue deseruyd and reseyuyd it for ther meritis the goodnes at they haue2 the 4iii4 is when they avant to haue the goodnes that they haue not2 and the 4iiii4 is when that they dysprese othir and desire that men shuld know the goodnes that is in theyme4 ,ayens this vyse the wyse man spekyth in his ,prouerbes1 8,arrogantiam et superbiam et os bilingue detestor04#dbc ,,lxix4 ,iff thou loue well houndes an birdes1 than ,on ,anteon1#dbd the fayre yong gentilman1 ,the which becomme an herte1 vmbethynk well e1 ,and loke that siche fortune com not to the4 ,antheon was a full corteis ientylman and of gentyl condicions ,sidenote3 f4 #ej4 and loued houndes and birdes to myche2 fore the fabill seith that on a day as he huntyd all alone in a thykke forest1 wheryn his men hadde lost hym1 thane as ,dyane the godesse of the woode hadde huntyd in the forest to it was the oure of noone1 she was sore chaffede and hoote for the grete hete of the sunne1 for e which she had a lyste to bathe hir in a fayre welle and a clere1 the whiche was ther fast by1 and as she was in the welle all nakyde envyrouned wyth fayreis#dbe and godes the whiche seruyd hyre1 ,antheon1 the which tooke non heede1 com sodeynly opon hire and sawe all the godes1 of whome for hire grete castite the vesage wexe reede for shame and was full sory4 ,and than she seide1 8,becawse that ,i know wele that thysse yong gentilman wyll vaunt hym of ladies and gentilwomen--to the entent that thou schalte not mowe vante the that hathe see me naked1 ,i shall take the myght of thy speche from the40 ,than she cursyd hym1 and anon ,antheon becomme a wilde herte and no thyng was lefte hym of mankyndly shape but all only vndirstondyng4 ,than he1 full of grete sorowe and off sodeyne feere1 wente fleyng throwe the busches1 and anon he was reseyuyd with his owen houndes and halewed wyth hys owen men that serched the forest for hym1 but nowe they haue founde hyme and knowe hym not4 ,there ,antheon was drawe doune1 the whych wepte grete teres afore his owne men and fayne woolde haue cryed theyme mercy yif he myght haue spokyn4 ,and sene that tyme hethir to hertes euer at there dethe wepyn4 ,antheon was slayne and martired with grete woo with his owen menye1 the which in a litell while had all devowred hym4 ,many exposicions may be made vpon this fable2 but to oure purpose it may be seide of a yong man that habaundoneth hym holy in ydylnes and dispendith his goodes and his gettynges in delyte off his body and in disportes of huntyng and to kepe ydel menye4 ,hereby may it be seide that he was hated of ,dyane1 the which is noted for chastite1 and deuowred of his owen menye4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that he shuld be ware he were not deuowred in leche wyse4 ,and a wyse man seith1 8,idilnes engendyrth idylnes#dbf and errour40 ,be ,antheon1 the which become an herte1 we may vnderstond the veray repentaunt man that was wonnte to be a synner and now hath ouercome his fleyssch and made it bonde to the good sperite and takyn the state of pennaunce4 ,seynt ,austyn seith in the ,sawtyr that pennance is an esy thyng or dede and a lyght charge2 it owght not to be called a grete charge for a man but wenges off a byrde fleyng1 for1 as a birde in herth here bereth the charge of ,sidenote3 f4 #ea4 there wenges and there wenges berith theyme to heven1 on the same wyse1 yff we bere on erthe here the charge off pennawnce1 it shal bere vs to heven4 ,to this purpose e ,gospell seith1 8,pnitentiam agite1 appropinquavit enim regnum clorum04#dbg ,,lxx4 ,i seye go notte to the yates of helle ,for to seke ,euridice be my counselle4 ,litell he wanne there with his harpe and play1 ,orpheus1 as that ,i haue ofte herd seye4 ,orpheus the poyete1 the which harpede so well1#dbh a fabil seith that he maried hym to ,euridice1 but on the day of mariage thei wente to disporte theyme in a medwe barefoote ffor the grete hete of the sonne1 and an herde coveytyd that fayyr woman and ranne ffor to a rauysshed hyr1 and as she flede afore hym for fere of hym she was betyn with a serpent that was hyd wnder the gresse of the medwe1 and within a litell while after the mayden dyed4 ,orpheus was ryght heuy of that mysse aventure2 yit he tooke his harpe and wentte to e yattes of helle in the dyrke waly afore the helle paleys1 and thanne he begane to harppe pytously and he pleyyd so swetely that all the tormentes off helle cesyd and all the helly offices lefte there besynes for to here the sownde of the harppe1 and anamly ,proserpyne1 the godes off helle1 was meuyd with grete pete4 ,than ,pluto1 ,lucifere1 ,cerebrus and ,acaron1#dbi the which for the harpor sawe that the offices off hell peynnes lefte and cesed1 toke hym hys wyff vpon a condicion that he shulde goo afore and sche after1 and that he shulde notte loke behynde hym to he come owt of the valy of helle1 and yff he looked behynde hym he shuld lefe hire4 ,opon this condicion she was delyuered to hym ayen4 ,so ,orpheus wente afore and his loue after1 but he that was to hoote in loue1 the which desired to beholde hire1 myght not kepe hym from lokyng ayen after his loue1 and anoon as he loked byhynd hym ,euredice partyd from hyme and was ayen in helle1 so that he myght no more haue hire4 ,this fable may be vndyrstondyn in many maneres4 ,it myght be so that some man had his wyff takyn fro hyme and he had getten hire ayen2 on the same wyse it may be of a castell or of anothir thyng4 ,but to owre purpose it may be seide that he seketh veryly ,euredice in hell1 the which sekyth an inpossibyl thyng and1 thowgh a man may notte recouer that1 he owghte not to be wrothe4 ,salamon seyth the same1 8,it is a foly thyng10 he seith1 8to seke that the which is impossybylle to be hadde40 ,sidenote3 f4 #eb4 ,be that a man shulde not goo to seke ,euredice in hell1 we may vndirstond that the goode speryte shulde aske ne requyre of ,god no thyng that is meruellious1#dcj ne that mervell to be thyng oon1 that is to sey1 to tempte ,god4 ,and ,seynt ,austyn seith opon ,seynt ,john ,gospell that ,godes creature is not exavced when he requiryth a thyng the which may not be doone or shuld not be doone1 or a thyng the which he wolde vse amysse yf that it were grawntyd hyme1 or ell a thyng that shuld hurte the sowle yf it were exauuced4 ,and therfor it comyth of the mercy off ,god1 if he gyff not to a creature a thyng the which he knowyth he wolde vse amysse4 ,to this purpose ,seynt ,james the apostell seyth in his ,pistell1 8,petitis et non accipitis eo quod male petatis04#dca ,,lxxi4 ,iff thou will veraly knowe a knyght ,in cloystir or clos where he be dyght1 ,the say#dcb that was made to ,achilles ,sall lerne the to proue theym doutles4 ,the fable seith that ,achilles was sone to the godes ,thetis1 and becawse that1 as a godes1 she knew if hir sone haunted armes that he shuld dye1 she1 the which louyd hym with to grete love1 hide hym in maydinis clothyng and made hyme were a vaile leche a nonne4 ,in the godesse abbay#dcc he lyffed so1 and ,achilles was long hydde vnto that some persones perseyuyd hym1 and the fabill seith that there he begate ,pirus#dcd opon the kynges dougther1 the which was after that full cheualerous4 ,than began the ,troyens grete werres1 and the ,grekes knew wele that thei hadde nede of ,achilles for to streynght theyme4 ,he was sowte ouer all1 but thei myght not here of hym4 ,vlixes1 the which was full of grete malice1 sowgth hym ouer all and come to the temple1 but yit he myght not perseyue the trowght4 ,he avysyd hym of grete malice and sotilte1 and than ,vlixes toke keuercheffes1 girdill and all maner of iowell#dce longyng to ladies and therwith feyre armure and bryghte and cast all doune in the myddes of the place in presens of the ladyes and praide iche of theyme to take#dcf that the which plessede theyme best2 and than1 as euery thyng drawith to his nature1 the ladies ronne to the jowell and ,achilles sessede the armure4 ,and thanne ,vlixes ranne and tooke hyme in his armys and seyde1 8,this is he that ,i seke40 ,and becawse that knyghtes shulde be more inclyned to armes than to plesawnce1#dcg which longgeth to ladies1 the auctorite seith that therby a man may knowe the veray knyght4 ,and to this purpose ,legaron#dch seith that a knyghte is not ,sidenote3 f4 #ec4 knowen but be his dedes of armes4#dci ,and ,hermes seith that thou shuldest preue a man afore or that thou trost hym to gretely4 ,where it is seyde1 8,yf thou wylte knowe a goode knyght10 we may vnderstondyn that the good knyght of ,cryst ,jhesu shuld be know by the dede of armes in goode workyng1 and that siche a knyght shulde haue the dwe prayse that longgeth to goode men4 ,seynt ,jerom seith in a pistil that1 as the ryghtvisnes of ,god levyth non evil thyng vnponysshede1 on the same wyse it levith no goode thyng vnrewarded4 ,so than to good pepill noo labour shulde be thought to harde1 ne no tyme to longe1 standyng that thei are abydyng#ddj the euerlastyng hire and blys4 ,therfor ,holy ,scripture seith1 8,confortamini et non dissolvantur manus vestr1 erit enim merces operi vestro04#dda ,,lxxii4 ,wyth ,athalenta stryue thou not nowe1 ,for she hath gretter talent an thou4 ,it was hir crafte for to renne fast4 ,to siche a rennyng haue thou non hast4 ,athalenta was on of the fayre#ddb and lyche to a gentilvoman of grete beaute1 but hire destonye was diuerse2 ffor because of hire mony lost ther lyves4 ,this gentilvoman for hire grete beaute was covetyde of mony oon to be hadde to maryage1 but ther was made sich a conuenawnt that non shulde haue hire but he ouerranne hir1 and yf she ouerranne hym1 he shuld dye4 ,athalenta was mervelious swyft1 so that non myght streche to hir in rennyng and that cawsed many on for to die4 ,this rennyng may be vnderstondyn in many maneres4 ,it may be as some thyng that is gretly covetyid of many persones1 but yit it may notte be hadde withowte grete traueyle2 the rennyng that she made is the defence or the resistence of the same thynges4 ,and allso the fabill may be noted anamly for tho that makyth grete stryve and nedith not4 ,also the auctorite seyth that a hard man and a coragius ought not to myche to stryve for onprofytabyll thynges1 the whiche he shulde not set by1 stondyng that thei towche#ddc not to his worchyppe for many grete hurtes folwyth off sich stryues4 ,and ,thessille#ddd seith1 8,thou shuldest doo that the which is moste profetable to the body and most behouely to the soule and fle the contrarye40 ,that we shulde notte stryve wyth ,athalenta may be vnderstondyn that the goode speryte shulde not be letted with non thyng ,sidenote3 f4 #ed4 that the worlde dothe1 of what gouernans it be4 ,and to the same ,seynt ,austyn seyth in a pistil that the worlde is more perlious to creaturis when it is eesy than whan it is sharpe1 for the softer he seeth it the les it shulde lete hym and lees he shulde drawe it to his love then whenne it yeffyth hym cause to dispite it4 ,to this purpose ,seynt ,john the ,euaungelist seyth in his fryst ,pistill1 8,si quis diligit mundum1 non est charitas ,patris in eo04#dde ,,lxxiii4 ,as that ,paris iugede iuge thou noght1 ,for many men hau ben full hard brought ,be grauntyng of evil sentence ,and had erfor ryght greuous recompence4 ,the fable seith that 4iii4 godesses of grete myght1 that is to sey1 ,pallas godes of kunnyng1#ddf ,juno godes of goode1#ddg and ,venus godes off love1 com before ,paris holdyng an apple of golde1#ddh the which seide1 8,lete this be youen to the fayrest and the myghttyest of vs40 ,there was grete discord ffor this appyll1 for iche of theyme seyde they ought to haue it1 and at the last thei tooke ,paris for to iuge the cavse4 ,paris sought delegently the strenghte and the myghte of ich of theyme by the selfe4 ,than seide ,pallas1 8,i am godes of cheualry and of wysdom1 for by me armes is departed to knyghtes and konyng to clerkes1 and yf thou wilt yiff me the appyll1 tryst veryli that ,i shall make the to paase#ddi all othir in koonyng and in knytehode40 ,after that ,juno1 godes of goode1 seide1 8,and by me is departyd the grete lordshippes and also tresowrys off the worlde4 ,if thou wyl gyff me the appyll1 ,i shall make the recher and myghtier than ony othir40 ,and than spake ,venus wyth full louyng wordes and seide1 8,i am she that kepyth scoles of loue and off iolines#dej and maketh fooles to be wyse men and wyse men to do foly1 and ,i make ryche men poore and tho at be exiled riche4 ,there is no myght that may compare wyth my myght4 ,iff thou wylt yeffve me the appyll1 by me thou shalt haue e love of fayre ,helaine of ,grece1 the which may avayle the more than any maner of ryches40 ,and thanne ,paris gaff his sentence and forsoke bothe knyghthode1 wisdom and riches for ,venus1 to whome he gaff the appyll2 for the which after that ,troye was dystryd4 ,this is to vnderstonde1 because that ,paris was not cheuallrous ne reche1 he sette be noo thyng1 but all his thought was on loue1 and therefor yaffe he the appill to ,venus4 ,werefor it is seide to the goode knyght that he shuld not demene hym so4 ,and ,pictagoras seith1 ,sidenote3 f4 #ee4 8,the iuge that iugede not iustyly1 diserveth myche evyll40 ,be ,parys that iuged folely is vnderstonden that the goode sperite shulde be ware how he iuged oer4 ,seynt ,austyn spekyth thereoff ayens the ,manichees#dea that there be 4ii4 thynges the whych in especiall we shulde eschewe1 fryst to iuge othir persones1 for we know not of what corage thynges be done1 the which to contempne it is erfor#deb grete presumcion1 for we shuld take theyme to the better partye2 secundly for because we be not incerteyne what thei shall be that now be goode or now evill4 ,owre ,lord to this purpose seith in e ,gospell1 8,nolite judicare et non judicabimini1 in quo enim judicio judicaveritis judicabimini40#dec ,,lxxiv4 ,in ,fortvne1 that grete myghty godesse1 ,trist not to mych1 ne in hyre promyse2 ,for in a lytell space she chaungeth1 ,and the hyest ofte ouerthroweth4 ,fortune aftyr the spekyng off poyetis may be wele called the grete godes1 for by hire we see that wordly thynges be gouernde4 ,and becauce she promysyth to many prosperite inowght--and indede to some she yeffeth it--and in litell space takyth it awaye when it plesyth hire1 it is seide to the goode knyght that he shuld not trost in hire promysses ne discomfort hym not in his aduersites4 ,and ,socrates seith the cours of fortvne farith as engins4#ded ,becavse whi that he seith that he shulde not trost in fortvne1 we may vnderstond that the good spirite shuld fle and disprayse wordly delittes4 ,therefor ,boys#dee seith in the 4iii4 booke of ,consolacion that the felicite off the ,epicuriens shulde be called vnfelicite1 for the full and the perfyth felicite it is that the which can make man sufficiently myghty1 reuerende1 solempne and ioyeux1 the which condicions resiste not to thynges whereopon wordly peple settyth there felycite4#def ,thereffor ,god seyth by the profyte ,ysaie1 8,popule meus1 qui te beatum dicunt1 ipsi te decipiunt04#deg ,,lxxv4 ,to vndirtake to avance werre1 ,sidenote3 f4 #ef4 ,make thou not ,paris the begynner2 ,better he cowde 7take vittenes aboue7 ,disporte in the feyre armes of his loue4 ,paris was nothyng condicionned to armes1 but all to loue4 ,therefor it is seide to the goode knyght that he shuld not make a cheuetayne of his host ne of his bateilles a knyght the whiche is not apte to armes4 ,and therefor ,aristotyl seith to ,alizaunder1 8,thou shuldest make hym connestabil of thyne oste that thou knowes is wyse and experte in armes40 ,that ye shulde not make ,paaris to begynne yowre werres1 it is to vnderstonde that the good knyght gostly1 tendyng only to the knyghthode of heuen1 shuld be holly drawen fro the worlde and ches contemplatyue lyffe4 ,and ,seynt ,grigore seith vpon ,ezeciell that the lyffe contemplatyue is of ryght preferred afore the actiue liue as for the worthier and the gretter1 for the actiue life travellith hymselfe in the laboure of this present lyfe1 but the contemplatyve lyfe farith as he that tristith#deh the sauour of the reste that is for to come4 ,wherefor the ,gospell seith off ,mary ,magdalene1 be whom contemplacion is figured1 8,optimam partem elegit sibi ,maria1 qu non auseretur ab ea04#dei ,,lxxvi4 ,sette the not to be a spy1 ,i the seye1 ,but loke thou kepe euer the hey weye4 ,sephalus#dfj wyth his sharpe iaueloth#dfa ,lereth it the1 and the wyff of ,lothe4 ,the fabill seith that ,sephalus was an ancient knyght the which delyted hym grettely all his lyue in the disporte of huntyng1 and he coude cast a darte hade sich a propirte that it was neuer cast in veyne1 but it kyllyd all at it tovched4 ,and because that he hade a costome to ryse in the mornyng and to goo to the forest to aspye the wylde bestis1 his wyff was ielous ouer hyme and supposed that he loued othir than hire1 and for to know the trowthe she went after to aspy hym4 ,sephalus1 the which was in the woode1 when he herde the leues make noyse where that his wyff went1 supposed that it hadde ben some wylde best1 kest his iauelot and kyllyd his wyff4 ,he was hevy of that mysse aventure1 but there myght no remedy be hadde4 ,the woman ,lothes wyffe1 as that ,holy ,scripture wytnessyth1 turnyd ayen ayens the commawndment off the aungell1 when she herde that the 4v4 cetees sanke behynde hyr1 and therfor anon she was chawnged into a ,sidenote3 f4 #eg4 salte ston4 ,and be all sich figures may be sette many vndirstondynges4 ,for the trwthe and for to take it in example for the trowthe1 no good man shulde delyte hym to spye anothir in thynges that longeth not to hym2 and to the entend that no man wolde be aspyed1 ,hermes seith1 8,do not to thi felawe that the which thou woldyst not were done to the1 and strech no snaris for to take men wythall1 ne purches noon harme to theyme be aspyeng ne be wyles1 for at the last it will turne opon iselfe40 ,that a man shulde not sette hym for to spye may be vndirstondyn that the good sperite shuld not peyne hym to knowe othir mennis dedes1 ne to enqwere tydyngges of othir4 ,for ,seynt ,john ,crisostome seith opon the ,gospell of ,seynt ,mathieu1 8,howe takys thow so grete hede10 seith he1 8of so many litell defawtes of othir men and latyst pase so many grete defawtes in thyn owyn dedes8 ,yf thou loued thi selfe better than thi neyghburght1 whi empechest thou his dedes and leuys thyne owyn8 ,be diligent to considir thin owyn dedes fryst1 and than consider the dedes off othir40 ,to this purpose owre ,lorde seith in the ,gospelle1 8,quid autem vides festucam in oculo fratris tui1 trabem autem in oculo tuo non vides804#dfb ,,lxxvii4 ,disprayse not of ,helene the councell2 ,i counsel the so wythowte fayle1 ,for ofte many hurtes falleth then1 ,because that we beleue not wyse men4 ,helene was brothir to ,hector and ,kyng ,priantes sone of ,troye4 ,he was a full wyse clerke and full off konyng4 ,as mych as he myght1 he counseyled that ,paarys shulde not goo into ,grece to rauyssh ,helayne2 but thei wolde not do aftyr hym1 for the which the ,troyens were hurte4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that he shuld beleue wyse men and there councell1 and ,hermes seith1 8,who so worchyppyth wyse men and vsyth there councell1 thei be euerlestyng pepyll40 ,helene1 the which counselled ayens the werre1 that is to sey that the goode sperite shulde eschwe temptacions4 ,and ,seynt ,jerom seith that a synner hath noon excusacion whereby he howght to suffyr temptacions to ouercome hym1 for the temptyng feend is so febill that he may ouercome noon but thoo that wyll be yolden to hyme4 ,and thereopon ,seynt ,povle the apostyl seyth1 8,fidelis ,sidenote3 f4 #eh4 ,deus qui non patietur vos temptari supra id quod potestis10 etc44#dfc ,,lxxviii4 ,be not to mery ne to sori ,for thi dremes1 though thei be hevy4 ,morpheus byddyth1 the messanger ,off the god of slepe and dremes seere4#dfd ,a ffabill seyth that ,morpheus is sone to the god of slepe1 and he is his massenger and he is god of dremes and cawsyth men to dreme4 ,and because that dremes be trobolous thynges and a derke and some tyme it may syngnifie contrarie to the dreme1 er is noon so wyse that may propirly speke#dfe liche as the expositours seith of theyme#dff4 ,therfor it ys seide to the good knyght that he shulde not be to heuy ne to mery ffor sich avysyons1 be the which a man may not shewe no certeyne knowlych ne to what thyng thei sal turne1 and anamely at a man shulde not be to mery ne to hevy ffor thynges off fortune1 the which be transsitorie4 ,socrates seith1 8,thou that arte a man1 thou shuld not be to hevy ne to mery ffor no maner cawse40 ,where it is seide that a man shuld not be to mery ne to hevy for non avysyons1 we shall seye that the good speryte shuld not be to heuy ne to meri for no maner cause that cometh to hym and that he shuld suffre tribulacions paciently4 ,seynt ,austyn seith vpon the ,savter1 8,fayre son10 seith he1 8yf thou wilte wepe for thi sorres that thou felest1 veepe vnder the correccion off thi ,fadir2 yf thou wepe ffor tribulacions that comyth to the1 be ware that it be not for indignacion ne for pride1 for the aduersyte that ,god sendyth to the it is a medycyne and no payne1 it is a chastisment and no dampnacion4 ,put not fro the thi ,fadris rodde but yf that ou wylt that he put the from his heritage2 and thynk not on the payne that thow owghtes to suffre of his scorge1 but considir what place thow haste in his testament40 ,to this purpose the wyse man seythe1 8,omne quod tibi applicitum fuerit accipe et in dolore sustine1 et in humilitate tua patientiam habe40#dfg ,,lxxix4 ,be the see yf thou wylt vndertake ,perlyous viages for to make1 ,off ,alchion#dfh beleue the counsell4 ,ceys therof the soth may the tell4 ,ceys was a kyng1 a full good man1 and loued wele ,alchyon ,sidenote3 f4 #ei4 his wyff4 ,the kyng tooke a deuocion ffor to go a perlyows passage on the see in a tempest1 but ,alchyon his wyffe1 the whiche loued hym ryght hertily1 dyde gretyly hir besynes to meve hym fro#dfi that vyage and with grete teris of wepyng prayde hyme full besyly2 but it myght not be remedied by here ne he woold not suffir hir to goo with hym1 stondyng that she wolde all gates haue gone with hymme and at the departyng she styrte on to the shepe4#dgj ,but ,ceys the kyng comfortyd hir and with force made hyre to abyde1 for the which she was full anggwyssous and hevy and in ryght grete woo4 ,neuer the lesse ,eolus1#dga the god of wyndes1 meved theyme soo gretely opon the see that the kyng ,ceys within fewe dayes perysshed on the see2 ffor the which1 whenne ,alchyon knew that aventure1 she kest hire selfe into the see4 ,the ffabill seith that the godes had pyte eroff and chawnged the bodyes of the 4ii4 louers into 4ii4 birdes1 to the intent that there grete loue myght be had in perpetuell mynde4 ,and yette e same birdes flee opon the see syde1 the which be called ,alchions and there fedres be whyte2 and whan the maryneris see theyme come1 an be they sekyr of a tempest4#dgb ,the ryght exposicion hereof may be that in mariage 4iio4 loueres loued togedir in lich wyse1 the which poyetes lykeneth to the 4iio4 byrdes that hade sich a case and aventure4 ,therefor it is seide to the goode knyght that he shulde not put hym in no perlyous passage ayens the counsell off his good ffrendis4 ,and ,assaron#dgc seyth that the wyse man enforseth hym to draw hym fro hurtes1 and the foole doth his diligence to fynde hurtes4 ,for to beleue ,alchion1 it is to vnderstond that the goode speryte by some evil temptacion is empeched with some errowe or dowte in his thowght1 in the which he shuld reporte hym to the openyon off the cherche4 ,for ,seynt ,ambrose seyth in the 4ii4 booke off ,offices that he is fro hym selfe that dispyseth the counsell of the cherche1 for ,joseph helped kyng ,pharaon more profitably with the cownsell off his prudence than though he had yoven hyme eythir gold or syluer2 for syluer mygh not a purueyde for the famyn of ,egypte the space of vii4 yere4 ,therefor it is concluded1 8trust counsell and thou shalt not repent the40 ,to this purpose the wyse man seith in his ,proverbes to the persone of holy chirch1 8,custodi legem atque consilium et erit vita anim tu04#dgd ,,lxxx4 ,off a chylde beleue notte the counsell1 ,for off ,troylus remenbre the wele4 ,trest#dge ye may men aged and prouede1 ,that in armes hath sore bene charged4 ,when ,kyng ,priant had repared ,troye ayen1 the which was dystroyede because of the greuyng of theym that went into ,colcos1 ,sidenote3 f4 #fj4 than ,priant thought to take vengance for that distraccion and asemblyd his counsell1 where that were many hy barons and wyse men1 for to wete wheythir it were good that ,paaris his sone shulde goo into ,grece to ravyssh ,elen or noon in achaunge for ,esyona#dgf his sistir1 the which was taken be the ,thelomonailles#dgg and ledde into thraldom4 ,but all the wyse men seyde nay1 becavse of proficies and of scriptores1 the whiche seide through that rauysshyng ,troye shuld be dystroyed4 ,than ,troylus1 the whiche was a child and the yongest of ,priantes sones1 seyde that men shulde not in counsell of werre beleue olde men ne there prouerbes1 the which threwe#dgh there cowardyse counselleth euer to rest2 so he counselled that they shulde goo togedir4 ,troylus conseil was holdyn1 of the which felle myche harme4 ,therefor it is seyde to the good knyght that he shuld not holde ne beleve the counsell of a childe1 the which of nature is full lyght and lityll to consydir4 ,an auctorite seith to this purpose that where a childe is kyng e londe ys onappy4#dgi ,that a good speryte shulde not agre hym to the counsell of a childe1 it is to vndirstond that he shulde not be ignorant1 but knowyng and full lerned in that the which may be prophyte to his helth2 ffor ayens ignorant pepyll ,seynt ,austyn seith1 8,ignorance is a full evyl modir1 the which hath full evill doughteris1 that is to sey1 falssenes and doute2 the fyrst is myschawnce1 the secund is wreechednes1 the fyrst is vicyous1 but the secund is softer1#dhj and these 4ii4 is drawen away by wysdome40 ,therefor the wyse man seyth1 8,sapientiam prtereuntes non tantum in hoc lapsi sunt ut ignorarent bona1 sed insipienti su reliquerunt hominibus memoriam04#dha ,,lxxxi4 ,hate ,calcas and his false disseytes1 ,off whome the infynyte malicis ,betrayeth many reaumes expres#dhb2 ,off wordly pepyll er is no wers4 ,calcas was a sootyl clerke of the cete of ,troye1#dhc and1 whan ,kyng ,priante knew that the ,grekes come opon hym with a grete oste1 he sent ,calcas into ,delphos to wete of the god ,appolonie#dhd how the werre shulde fortvne4 ,but after that the god hade aunsweryd1 the which seide that after 4x4 yere the ,grekes shulde haue the victorie1 ,calcas turned towarde the ,grekes and aqwaynttyd hym with ,achilles1 the which was comme into ,sidenote3 f4 #fa4 ,delphos for the same cause1 and with hym he went to the ,grekes1 whome he helpid for to cownsel ayens his owen cete and ofte tymes disturbed the pes betwyne the ,grekys and the ,troyens4 ,and becawse he was a traytore1 it is seide to the goode knyghte that he shulde hate sich evill sotell pepyll1 ffor theyre traysones so done be willes may hurte gretly reaumes and empires and all maner of pepyll4 ,therefor ,platon seith1 8,a soothel#dhe enemy1 though he be poore and not myghty1 may greue more than a ennemy myghty and ryche vnknowyn40 ,calcas1 the which shuld be hatyd1 may be vnderstonden that the good speryte shulde hate all fraudelous malice ayens his neyghburgh1 for he shulde in no wyse consent thertoo4 ,for ,seynt ,jerom seith that a traytoure will not be sowpled1 neythir for familiarite off felachep ne for homlynes of mete and drynke ne for grace of seruyce ne for plente off benefices4 ,off this vice seith ,seynt ,poule the aposstell1 8,erunt homines cupidi1 elati1 superbi1 proditores1 tumidi04#dhf ,,lxxxii4 ,be thou notte harde for to graunt1 ,i say1 ,sich a thyng as welle enploy thou may2 ,to ,hermofrodicus#dhg haue tendyyng1#dhh ,the whiche tooke harme for his denying4 ,hermofrodicus was a beauteous yong thyng1 and on of the fayree#dhi was sore enamourede of hymme1 but he in no wyse had leste to love hire and she purswed hym ouer all4 ,yt felle on a tyme that the yong thyng was full wery of the purswte wherein he hadd trauelled all the day4 ,than he come to a well-spryng sette abovte with salwes1#dij by the whiche was a fayre stanke1 styll and clere1 ffor the which a lest he hade to bathe hym4#dia ,he dyde of his clothes and went into the water4 ,whan she off the fayree sawe hym onclothyd and all naked1 she went in to hym and for grete loue tooke that yong thyng in hir armes2 but he1 the which was full froward1 put hire fro hym ryght rudely1 so she myght not wynne his hert for no prayour4 ,than she of the fayree1 full of woo1 prayde to the godes that she myght neuer parte from hire loue1 the whiche put hire so fro hym4 ,the godes of pete harde hire deuoute prayere2 than sodanly they chaunged the 4iio4 bodies into oone1 the which were of 4iio4 seytis4#dib ,this fabill may be vnderstondyn in many maneres1 lich as sothell clerkes and philosopheris hath hide there grete secretes vndir couertoure of fable4 ,thereto it may be ,sidenote3 f4 #fb4 vnderstondyn sentence longyng to the science of astronomy1 and as wele of nygromancye1#dic as that maystrys seyth4 ,and because that the matyr of loue is more delictable to here than othir1 gladely#did they made there distinccions#die opon loue for to be the more delectable to here1 anamly to rude pepill1 the whiche take but the barke1 and the more agreable to subtile1 the which sowketh the lyquor4 ,but to owre purpose we may vndirstond that it is velany and a fowle thyng to refuse or to grawnte wyth grete daunger that the which may not turne to vyce ne to preiudice1 thowgh it be grawnttyd4 ,for ,hermes seyth1 8,make no long delay to put it in execucion that the which ou shuld doo40 ,the goode speryte shulde notte be harde to graunt there where he seyth necessite1 but reconforte the nedy to his power4 ,as ,seynt ,gregore seith in his ,moralles that1 whan we wyll reconforte any that is afrayed in heuynes1 we shulde fryst make heuynes with theyme1 for he may not veryly reconforte the hevy person which cordeth hyme not with his heuines4 ,for leche a man#dif may not ioyne oon yren to anothir yf thei be note hote bothe 4iio4 and softyd with the fire1 on the same wyse we may not redresse anothir yif oure hertes be not softted be compassyon4 ,to this purpose ,holy ,scripture seith1 8,confortate manus dissolutas et genua debilia roborate04#dig ,,lxxxiii4 ,thou mayst wyth the pleys the solace ,off ,vlixes1 when thou hast tyme and space ,in the tyme of trwes and of fest1 ,for they be both sotel and honest4 ,vlyxes was a baron of ,grece and off grete sotylte and duryng the long seege afore ,troye1 the whiche lestyd 4x4 yere1 when that trwes were1 he fond pleys full sotyll and feyre for to disporte knyttes therewyth in the tyme of soioure and rest4 ,and some seyne that he fonde the game of the chesse and sich othir lich4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that in dwe tyme men may wele play at sich games2 for ,solyn seith1 8,all thyngges that is sottyl and honest is lefull to be doone40 ,the pleyes of ,vlixes may be vnderstondyn that1 when the knyghtly speryte shall be wery off prayer and of beyng in contemplacion1 he may wele disporte in redyng of ,holy ,scriptures2 ffor1 as ,seynt ,jerom seith1 ,holy ,scripture is sete in the yen of owre#dih ,sidenote3 f4 #fc4 hertis as a merowre1 to the entent that we shuld se the herdly face#dii of owre sowle1 and therefor may we see the lewdenes1 there may we see who myche#ejj that we profyte and how fayre we ben fro profyte4#eja ,to this purpose owre ,lord seith in the ,gospell1 8,scrutamini scripturas1 quia vos putatis in ipsis vitam ternam habere04#ejb ,,lxxxiv4 ,yif thou wilt yeff the to ,cupido1 ,thy hert and all abaundon hire to1 ,thynkke on ,cresseides nwefanggyllnesse1#ejc ,for hire hert hade to meche dobylnesse4 ,cresseide was a gentilwoman of grete beaute1 and she was yit more qwaynte and sotell to drawe pepill to hir4#ejd ,troylus1 the yongest of ,priantes sones1 the which was full of grete gentilnesse1 of beaute and of worthines1 loued hire ryght hertily and she hade youen hym hir loue and promysyd to hym that it shuld neuyr fayle4 ,calcas1 fadir to the gentilwoman1 the which knew by science that ,troye shuld be distroyid1 dide so myche that his doughter was delyuered to hym and browght owte of the cete and ledde to the seege among the ,grekes1 where hir fadir was4 ,grete was the sorowe and full petous the#eje complayntis of the 4iio4 louers at the departyng4 ,neuerthelesse within a while aftir ,dyomed1 the which was a hye baron and a full worthi knyght1 aqweynttyd hym with ,cresseide and labowrd so soore to hir that she loued hym and only#ejf foryate hir trwe loue ,troylus4 ,because that ,cresseide was so lyght of corage1 it is seide to the gode knyght that1 yf he will sette his herte in ony plase1 late hym be ware that he be not aqwauyntyd with sich a lady as ,cresseide was4 ,and ,hermes seith1 8,kepe the from evill felachepe1 that thou be not on of theyme40 ,cresseide1 of whom a man shulde be ware to aqweynt hym1 is veyne glori1 with the which the good sperite shuld not aqwaynte hym1 but fle it onto his power1 for it is to lyghte and commyth to sodenly4 ,and ,seynt ,austyn opon the ,sauter seith that he the which hath wele lerned and asayed by experiens to ouergoo degrees of vices1 he is coume to the knowlyge that the synne of veyne glory is holy or most specyaly to eschwe of perfyte men1 ffor emong all othir synnes it is hardest to ouercom4 ,therefor the apostil ,seynt ,poule seith1 8,qui gloriatur1 in ,domino glorietur04#ejg ,,lxxxv4 ,when thou hast kylled ,patroclus1 ,ware of ,achilles1 ,i counsell e thus1 ,yf thou loue me1 for thei be all on1 ,sidenote3 f4 #fd4 ,there goods betweyne theym be comon4 ,patroclus and ,achilles were felawes togedir and ryght dere freendis1 so that there were neuer to#ejh brethere loued better togedir1 and thei and here goodes were comon as all o thyng4 ,and because that ,hector slew ,patroclus in batayle ,achilles had grete hate to ,hector1 and fro theyns forthe swore his dethe4 ,but because he doutyd meche his grete streynght1 he lefte neuer to wayte how he myght fynde hym discouered to betray hym4 ,therfor ,othea seide to ,hector1 as by profecye of that which was for to come1 that1 when he hadde sleyne ,patroclus1 it were nede for hym to be ware of ,achilles4 ,that is to vnderstond at euery man the which hath slayne or mysdoon to anothir mannys trwe freen1 his#eji felawe will take vengance if he may4 ,therefor ,magdare#eaj seith1 8,in what place that euer thou be wyth thy ennemye1 holde hym euer in suspecte1 thow#eaa that thow be myghtyer than he40 ,where it is seide that1 when thow hast sleyne ,patroclus thou shulde be ware of ,achilles1 we may vnderstond that1 yf the goode speryte suffir hym by the feend to bowe to synne1 he howte#eab to dowte euerlastyng dethe4 ,and ,solyn seith1#eac 8,this present lyue is but a knyghthode and in tokyn theroff this present lyf is called werre in deference of that aboue1 the which is called victorius1 for it hath euer of enemyes40 ,to this purpose the apostil ,seynt ,poule seith1 8,induite vos armaturam ,dei1 ut possitis stare adversus insidias diaboli40#ead ,,lxxxvi4 ,be ware thou voide note fro the ,echo1 ,ne hir#eae petous complayntes also2 ,susteyne all hir wille1 yif it may be1 ,for thou wote not what may com to the4 ,the fabill seith that ,echo was a fayre woman1 and because she was wont to be to grete a iangelere and by hir iangyllyng on a day accused ,juno1 the which for ialousie on day lay in awayte on hir husbond1 the godesse was wroothe and seide1 8,for hens forth thou shalt no more speke fryst1 but after anothir40 ,echo was anamored on faire ,arcisus1#eaf but neyther for prayer ne for sygne of love that she made to hym he lyst not to haue pete off hire1 in so mych that the faire creature diede for his love4 ,but dyeng she prayed to the godesse that she myght be vengyd of hyme in whome ,sidenote3 f4 #fe4 she hade fownde so mych cruellnes that ons yit thei myghte make hym to fele the charpenesse of loue1 whereby he may preue the grete woo at veray louers haue the which in loue be refussede2 an she died4 ,so ,eccho made an ende1 but hire voyse remaneth1 which lestyth yitte4 ,and there the godes made it perpetuall for memorie of that aventure1 and yit it answheris to pepill in valeyys and on reueres aftyr the woyse of othir1 but it may not speke fryst4 ,eccho may syngnyfie a persone the which off grete necessite requyryth the voyse that is youen to anothir2 that is to sey1 of nedy pepyll there is abydyng enowe1 for they may not helpe themselffe withowte helpe of othir4#eag ,therefor it is seyde to the good knyght that he shuld haue pete of nedy pepill that reqwyrith it4 ,and ,zaqualquin#eah seith1 8,who so will kepe wele the lawe1 shulde helpe hys frend with his goode and leue to nedi pepill and be gracious1 not denying iustice to his enemy1 and kepe hym fro vice and dishonour40 ,be ,echo1 the which shuld not be refusyd1 may be notyd the mercy at the good sperite shulde haue in hym selfe4 ,and ,seynt ,austyn seith in the book of owre ,lordis ,sermon that he made on the ,hille that blyssyd be thoo that willyngly socourith poore pepill1 the which be in penowrye1 for thei discerue mercy of ,god opon them that is in penuery4 ,and it is a iust thyng that who so will be holpyn of a souereyne more myghtye than he shuld helpe#eai a sympler than he is1 in as myche that he is mythyer than he4 ,therefor the wyse man seith in his ,prouerbis1 8,qui pronus est ad misericordiam benedicetur40#ebj ,,lxxxvii4 ,iff thou wilte haue a croune of victorie1 ,which is better than ony good wordly1 ,damee#eba thou most folue and purswe ,and shalt haue hir1 if thou will wele swe4 ,the fabil seith ,damee was a gentylwoman that ,phebus loued hertily1 and he purswede hire sore1 but she wolde not agre to hym4 ,it felle on a day that he sawe the fayre creature go in a way and he folowed and1 whanne she sawe hym come1 she fledde and the god aftir4 ,and when he was so nere that she sawe well she myght not scape hym1 she made hir prayers to the godes ,diane that she shulde save hire virginite1 and the body of the maydyn chaunged into a grene lorier2 and when ,phebus was come nere therto1 he tooke of the brawnches of the tre and made hym a chaplete in syngne of victorie4 ,and anamly in the tyme#ebb of the ,romayns greete felicite the victorius pepill of theyme were crowned with ,sidenote3 f4 #ff4 lorier4 ,this fabill may haue many vndirstondynges4 ,it myght happe that some myty man with long traveyle swed a lady in so mych that with his grete pursvte he com to his will vndir a lorier1 and for that cavse fro theyns forth he loued the lorier and bare it in his devyse in signe of the victorie that he hade of his love vndir the lorier4 ,and allso the lorier may be take for golde1 the which betokynyth worchippe4 ,it is seide to the good knyght that he most pursue ,damee1 if that he will haue a croune of lorier1 that is to seyne1 payne and traveyle1 yf he will com to worchippe4 ,to this purpose ,omer seyth1 8,be grete diligence a man comyth to grete perfeccion40 ,that ,damee wolde be purswede for to have a croune of lorier1 we may vndirstonde that1 yf the goode speryth will haue a glorius victorie1 he must haue perseuerance1 the which sall lede hym to the victorie of paradyse1 of the which the ioies be infynite4 ,as ,seynt ,grygory seith1 8,who hath at tong that may suffice to tell it1 and where is the vndirstondyng that may or canne comprehend it1 who#ebc many ioyes be there in that souereyne cete off paradyse1 euer to be present#ebd 444 visage of ,god1 to se the vnscribable lyght1 to be in surte neuer to haue fere off deth1 to be mery with the gyfte of euerlastyng clennes80 ,to this purpose ,dauid seith in e ,savter1 8,gloriosa dicta sunt de te1 civitas ,dei04#ebe ,,lxxxviii4 ,to the also ,i make mencion ,off ,andromathais#ebf vision2 ,dispite not thi wyfe1 ,i counsell the1 ,ne othir wemen that wise be4 ,avdromatha was ,hectoures wyffe1 and the nyght afore that he was sleyne there com to his wyfe in a vision that the next daye that ,hector went to the batayle withowten dowte there he shuld be sleyne4 ,for the which ,andromatha with grete seghens and vepynges dide hire power that he shuld no goo into the batayle2 but ,hector wold not beleue hir and there he was slayne4 ,wherefor it is seide that a goode knyght shuld not holy disprayse visions of his wife1 that is to sey1 in avice and the counsell of his wyfe1 if he be wyse and well condiciond1 and anamly of othir wise women4 ,for ,platon seith1 8,thou shuld not disprayse the counsell of a lytill wise person1 for1 ough thou be neuer so olde1 be not ashamed to lerne1 though a childe wolde teche the1 for some tyme the ingnorant may avise the wise man40 ,the avision of ,andromatha1 the whiche shulde not be dispreysed1 ,sidenote3 f4 #fg4 is that a good purpose sent by the ,holy ,gost ,jhesu ,cristis knyght shuld not sette it at nought1 but anoon sette it in effecte vnto his power4 ,thereoff spekyth ,seynt ,gregory in his ,moralles that the good ,sperite for to draw vs to goodnes andmonychit vs1 meveth vs and techitht vs4 ,he admonychyt owre mynde1 he meuith oure will and techyt owre vnderstondynges4 ,the ,sperite1 softe and swete1 suffirth no maner of litell spote of chaffe#ebg abydyng in the habitacion of the herte where he inspiryth1 but broyleth it anoon with his subtile circunspeccion4#ebh ,therefore the postile ,seynt ,powle seith1 8,spiritum nolite extinguere04#ebi ,,lxxxix4 ,if that thoue haue grete werre and besy1 ,in ,babilonies streynght verely ,troste not1 for be ,minos#ecj and that soone ,it was take2 trosteth not than thereone4 ,grete ,babilony was founded bi the grete gyaunt ,nambroth1#eca and it was the streyngest cete that euer was2 but notwithstondyng it was take by knynght ,minos4#ecb ,therefore it is seide to the good knyght that he shuld not so myche truste in the streynght of his cete or off his castell in tyme off werre1 but that it be full purveide off pepyll and of all thyng that behoueth for dwe defence4 ,for ,platon seith1 8,who so trostith all only in his streyngth is often ouercomen40 ,be the streynth of ,babilonie1 wherein men shuld not trost1 it is to vndirstonde that the good sperite shulde not trust ne attende to thynges that the worlde promysith2 and ,seynt ,austyn spekith therof in the booke of ,syngularite of ,clerkes1#ecc that it is to lewde a trust#ecd to name his lyffe to be swre ayens the perell of this worlde4 ,and it is a folych hope to wene to be saue among the byttynges#ece of synnys2 yit the victorie incerteyne is as long as men be among the dartes of there enmyes and kepith theyme vnhurte1#ecf but who so is envirouned with flawmes is not lyghtly delyuered withowtyn brennyng4 ,trost to hym that hath the experience2 though the world lawith#ecg on the1 tryst it not1 lete thi hoope be sette in ,god4 ,therefor seith the prophete ,dauid1 8,spera in ,domino10 etc4#ech ,,xc4 ,hector me must pronunce thi deth smerte4 ,wherefor grete sorwe bitteth my herte4 ,that shall be whene that ,priant the kyng ,thou woldest not trost1 which come the praying4#eci ,the day that ,hector was sleyne in bataile ,andromatha his ,sidenote3 f4 #fh4 wiffe come to pray ,kyng ,priant with full grete compleyntes and wepynges that he wolde not that day suffre ,hector to goo to bataile1 for withowte dowte he shulde be sleyne yf he went thedir4#edj ,mars1 the god of bataile1 and ,minerve1 the godesse of armes1 hade veraly shewed it there in hir slepe1#eda where thei apperid to hir4 ,priant dide all that he myghte for he shulde not fyght that day1 but ,hector stale fro his fadir and stirte owte of the cete by a waye vndir the erthe and went to the bataile1 where he was sleyne4 ,and for because he neuer dishobehed his fadir but that day1 it may be seide the day that he shulde dishabey his ffadir than shulde he die4 ,and it may be vnderstond that noon shulde dishobey his souereyne ne his good ffrendes1 when they awyse hym as in reson4 ,and therfor ,aristotil seide to ,alexandir1 8,as long as thou trustist the cownsell of theyme that vsith wisdom and that loued the truly1 thou salt reigne glorously40 ,where she#edb seide to ,hector that she most pronounce his name1#edc it is that the good sperite shulde haue contynell mynde on the owre of deth4 ,thereof seith ,seynt ,bernard#edd that in mankyndely thynges men fynde no thyng more certeyne an deth1 ne lesse incerteyne than is the owre of deth2 for deth hath no mercy of pouerte and dothe no worshippe to reches2 it sparith neythir wisedom1 condicions ne age2 men hath non othir certeyne of deth but that it is at the doores of aged men and it is in the mydwes#ede of yong men4 ,to this purpose the wise man seith1 8,memor esto1 quoniam mors non tardat04#edf ,,xci4 ,i purpose yet to make the sadde and wyse1#edg ,that thou vse in batailes ffor no gise ,off thyne harneis discouered for to be1 ,for thi deth than it will opyn to the4 ,in the bataile ,hector was founde discouerede of his harneis1 and thanne he was sleyne4 ,and therefor it is seide to the goode knyght that he shuld not in bataile be discouered of his harneis4 ,for ,hermes seyth that deth farith as the stokke#edh of an arrowe and lyff farith as an arrowe that is sette to shoote4#edi ,there where it is seide that he shuld kepe hym couered with his harneis it is vndirstond that the good sperite shulde kepe his wittis cloose and not voide4 ,seynt ,grigori seith hereoff that a person the which departhit hys vittis fareth as a iowgolowre the ,sidenote3 f4 #fi4 which fyndeth no wers hous than his owyn2 therefor he is euer owte of his hows1 euen as a man that kepith not his wittes clos is euer vagaunt and owte of the hous of his conscience and farith as an opyn hall where men may entre on euery syde4 ,therefor our ,lorde seith in the ,gospell1 8,clauso ostio1 ora ,patrem tuum in abscondito40#eej ,,xcii4 ,of ,pollibetes#eea coveite not hastly ,his harmes1 for thei be vnhappy2 ,of his dispoylyng folowed1 parde1 ,thi wofull deth be theyme at sewed e4 ,polibetes was a full myghty kyng1 the which ,hector slewe in the bataile after many othir grete dedes that he hadde done that day4 ,and becawse that he was harmede with ffayre harmes and reche1 ,hector coveite theyme and stowpyd doung of his hors nekke for to dispoyle the body1 and than ,achilles1 the which swede after hym with hole will to take hym discouerte1 smote hym beneth for fawte off his harmure and at oo stroke kylled hym1 of whom it was grete harme1 ffor a worthier knyght was neuer gyrte whyth swerde of the which stories maken mencion4 ,and that sich couetyses may be no noyens#eeb in sich places it shewith bi the seide cas4 ,therefor the philosophir seith1 8,disoordnet couetise#eec ledith a man to deth40 ,that we shulde not couete ,polibetis armis1 we may vndirstond that the goode speryte shuld haue no couetise to no maner of wordly thynges4 ,for ,innocent seith#eed that it ledith a man to deth1 for covetise it is a fyre that may not be stawnched4 ,the couetous person is neuer content to haue that the which he desyrith1 for1 whan he hath that he desiryd1 he desyrith euer more1 euer he setteth his ende in as mych as that he tenteth to have more and not to that the which he hath4 ,averyse and covetise be 4iio4 saus makers1#eee the which sesseth neuer to seye1 8,bryng1 bryng02 and to the value that the money waxeth the loue of the mony waxeth4 ,couetise is the way to the gostly deth and oftetymes to bodily deth4 ,therefor the postyll ,seynt ,powle seith1 8,radix omnium malorum cupiditas est04#eef ,,xciii4 ,assote the not in love of strawnge kynde2 ,the deede of ,achilles haue in mynde1 ,which wende to make of hys enmye ,sidenote3 f4 #gj4 ,his veri lyffe and that interely4 ,achilles was asotyd in lowe of ,polexene the faire mayden1 the which was sister to ,hector1 as he sawe hir in the begynnyng of the yere at the servise off ,ectoris yeris meynde#eeg in the trwes tyme1 where many ,grekis went to ,troye to see the nobilnes of the cete and of the reche terrement1 that was the most solemny made that euer was made for the body of a knyght4 ,there ,achilles sawe ,polixenne1 where he was sore takyn with hir loue that he myght no wyse endure1 and therefor he sent to ,hecuba the qwene that he wolde treite of mariage and he wolde make the werre to sesse and the sege to departe and he shuld euer be there frend4 ,it was long after or ,achilles armed ayens the ,troyens becawse of that lowe and he dede grete peyne to make the ost to departe1 but he myght not doo it and therfor the mariage was notte made4 ,after that ,achilles slew ,troylus1 the which was so full of worthines that he was ryght leke to ,hector his brothir1 standyng the yong age that he hadde4 ,but the qwene ,ecuba was so full of woo for hym that she sent for ,achilles to come to hir to ,troye ffor to treite of the mariage4 ,he went thedir1 and there he was slayne4 ,and erfor it is seide to the good knyghte that he shuld not assote hym vpon strawnge loues1 ffor by ferre loues comyth harme4 ,and therfor the wyse man seith1 8,when thyn enemys may not venge theyme1 than hast thou nede to be ware40 ,that a goode spyryte shulde not assote hym vpon strawnge loues1 that is to vndirstond that he shulde chawnge#eeh no thynge but yf it comme holy of ,god and be determined in hym4 8,all strange loues0 is the worlde1 the which he shuld flee4 ,that he shulde flee the worlde ,seynt ,austyn seith in expownyng of ,seynt ,jonis ,pistil1#eei 8,the world passith and its concupiscens4#efj ,o resonable man10 than seith he1 8whethir had thou leuer loue the temperell worlde and passe with the tyme1 or be with#efa ,cryst ,jhesu and lyfe perpetualy with hyme80 ,to this purpose ,seynt ,jon seith in his fryst ,pistill1 8,nolite diligere mundum neque ea qu in mundo sunt04#efb ,,xciv4 ,vndirtake non harmes folely2 ,it is perell for sowle and body ,a naked harme and no shelde to take2 ,off ,ayaux may thou example make4 ,ayaux was a full prowd knyght of e ,grekis and trostid to mych on hymselfe1 but yet he was a goode knyght of his hand4 ,sidenote3 f4 #ga4 ,and for pride and soleynnes he vndyrtooke to doo armes with his arme naked discouered withowte a chelde1 and so he was boron through#efc and ouerthrowen dede4 ,therefore it is seide to the goode knyght that to doo siche armes1 thei be neythir profitabill ne worchipfull1 but rather thei be named lewde and prowde1 and thei be to perlyous4 ,aristotil seith that many erreth be ignorance and fawte of knowyng and woote not whate it is to do ne to leue1 and some fayle be arrogance and pride4 ,how armes shulde not be vndertake follely is at e good sperite shulde not tryst in his owyn fragilite4 ,as ,seynt ,tawstyn#efd seyth in a sermon1 at non shulde presume in his owyn herte when he pronownceth a worde ne non sulde#efe trust in his streynghte when he sufferith tentacion1 for1 when we speke wysely goode wordes1 thei coume of ,god and not of owre wytte1 and when we endure aduersitees stedefastly1 it cometh of ,god and not of oure pacience4 ,to this purpose the apostyl ,seynt ,powle seith1 8,fiduciam talem habemus per ,christum ad ,deum1 non quod simus sufficientes aliquid cogitare ex nobis quasi ex nobis04#eff ,,xcv4 ,antenor exile and chase away1 ,which purchassed ayens his contrey ,bothe treson1 falsenes and grete vntrouth2 ,but yif he were yolden it were routh4 ,anthenor was a baron of ,troie1 and when it com at the last to grete ,troyenne bateylles1 the ,grekys that hadde long kepte sege afore the cete they wost not how they myght haue a conclusyon to take the cete1 ffor it was of ryght grete streynghte1 than by the tysyng#efg of ,anthenor4 ,for angre that he hadde to kyng ,priaunt1 he comforted theyme and seide that thei shulde make a pes with the kyng1 and by that mene thei may putte theyme selue into the cete and they shall be youen a wey4 ,thus thei dede1 by the which ,troye was betrayed4 ,and because that the treson hereoff was to grete and to evill1 it is seide to the good knyght that all sich semblable1 where he knoweth theyme1 he shulde exile and chasse theyme awey1 for sich pepill be gretili to hate4 ,platon seyth that disseyte is capteyne and gouernowre off shrewes4#efh ,be ,anthenor1 the which shulde be chassed awey1 we may ,sidenote3 f4 #gb4 vnderstonde that the goode sperite shulde dryve away all thynges whereby ony inconuenyence myght come to hyme4 ,to this ,seynt ,austyn seith that he that is not besy to eschewe inconueniencees#efi is leche a butyrflye that turnyth so ofte abowte the fyre of the lampe that he birneth his wenges and thanne is drowned in the oyle1 and to the birde that flieth so ofte abowte the glewe that he lesyth his feddris4 ,example of ,seynte ,petir1 the which aboode so long in the princes courte of the lawe that he fell into sich an inconuenience to renye#egj his ,maystir4 ,and the wyse man seith1 8,fuge a via malorum1 ne transeas per eam04#ega ,,xcvi4 ,in ,mynervez tempell to offir ,thou shulde not thi ennemye suffre4 ,take thou goode hede to the hors of tre2 ,troye hadde yet bene1 had that not be4 ,the ,grekes hade made a feynte pes#egb with the ,troyens by ,anthemores trayson4 ,thei seyde thei hadde avowed a gifte to ,mynerve the godes1 the which thei wolde offyr1 and thei hadde made a horse of tre of an huge grettenes1 the which was full of men of armes1 and it was so grete that the yate of the cete most be brokyn for to late it cum in4 ,and the hors was sette opon whelis1 that rolled it forth to the temple2 and when nyght come and when the tovne was most in rest1 than the knyghtes lepid owt of the hors and vent abowte in the cete1 the which brente and kyllid and distroiid the towne4 ,therefor it is seide to the good knyght that he shulde not trost in no sich fantasies ne offerynges4 ,to this purpose a wyse man seith1 8,a man shulde dowte the sotiltees and the spies of his enemie1 yif he be wise1 and his shrewdenes1#egc yf he be a foole40 ,by ,minerve temple we may vnderstond holy chirch1 where shulde not a been offird but prayer4 ,and ,seynt ,awstyn seith in the booke of ,feyth1 that withowte the ffelechippe of holy chirch and baptym no thyng may availe1 ne the dedes of mercye may not vaile to euerlastyng liffe1 for withowte the lappe of the chirch non helthe may be4 ,therefor ,dauid seith in the ,sauter booke1 8,apud te laus mea in ecclesia magna04#egd ,,xcvii4 ,trost not to haue a sure castell2 ,for ,ylyones towre1 sette full well1 ,was take and brent1 and so was ,thune4#ege ,all is in the handes of fortune4 ,ylyon was the mayster doongon of ,troye and the faryst and ,sidenote3 f4 #gc4 the strengest castell that euer was made of the which stories makyth mencion2 but notwithstondyng it was take and brent and broute to nowte1 and so was the cete of ,thune1 the which was some tyme a grete thyng4 ,and becavse that sich causes falleth bi the chaungabilnes of fortvne1 it is desirid that the good knyght shulde not be prowde in hyme selfe ne thynke hym selfe sure for no streyngh4 ,therefor ,tholome#egf seith1 8,the hyer that a lorde be raysed the perlyouser is the ouyrthrowe40 ,that man shuld not wene to have a svre castell1 we may vndirstond that the good sperite shulde take non hede to no maner delite2 for as delitees be passyng and not svre and ledith a person to dampnacion1 ,seynt ,jerom seith that it is inpossibile for a person to passe fro delittes to delyttes1 that is to sey1 for to pase and lepe fro delites of this worlde to the delyttes of paradyse1 the which fillyth the wombe here and the sowle there4 ,for the diuine condicion is vnbounde1 for it is not yoven to thoo that weneth to haue the worlde euerlastyng in delittes4 ,and to this purpose is wreetyn in the ,pocalipce1 8,quantum glorificavit se et in deliciis fuit1 tantum date ei tormentum et luctum04#egg ,,xcviii4 ,eschwe thou shulde e swyn of ,circes1 ,where that the knyttes#egh off ,vlixes ,were turnyd to swyne as to the ye4 ,vmbethynke the wele of this partie4 ,cyrces was a qwene1 whos reaume was opon the see of ,ytaile1 and she was a grete enchaunteresse and knew meche of sorcery and wichcraft4 ,and whan ,vlixes1 the which wente to the se after the destruccion off ,troye1 as he went to a returnyd#egi into his cuntre1 throwe many grete and perlyous tormentes that he hadde he aryved at a hauen of the same lande4 ,he sent to the qwene by his knyghtes to wete wheythir he myght swrely taken hauen in her lond or noon4 ,circes reseyuyd his knyghtes full gentely and of curtesei made ordeyne for theyme a potage full delicious to drynke1 but the potage hade sich a strengh that sodenly the knyghttes were chaunged into swyne4 ,circes may be vnderstond in many maners4 ,it may be vndirstonde be a lande or a cuntre where that knyghtes were putte in fowle and veleyns preson2 and allso she may be lekened to a lady full of wantonnesse and ydilnes1 that by hire many errant knyghtes1 that is to sey1 sewyng armes1 e which anamly were of ,vlixes pepill1 that is to vndirstonde1 malicious and noyens1 were kepte to soiorne as swyne4 ,and therefor it is seide to e good knyght that he shulde not reste in sich a soioryng4 ,for ,arystotill ,sidenote3 f4 #gd4 seith1 8,he that is holy#ehj in fornicacion may not be aloved#eha in the ende40 ,cyrceses swyne may we take for ypocrysy1 the which the goode sperite shulde eschewe off all thynges4 ,ayens ypocrytes ,seynt ,gregory seith in his ,moralles1#ehb that the lyfe of ypocrytes is but a frawdelous vysyon and as a fantasye ymagenid1 the which shewith owtewarde lykenes of an ymage1 the which is not in very dede inwarde4 ,to this purpose owre ,lorde seith in the ,gospell1 8,v vobis1 hypocrit1 quia similes estis sepulchris dealbatis10 etc44#ehc ,,xcix4 ,thou shulde no grete reson shewe to e man ,the which as that tyme vndirstond ne can4 ,yno1 the which the soddyn corne dide sowe1 ,noteth it to the well inowgh1 ,i trowe4 ,yno was a qwene1 the which made sothyn#ehd corne to be sowen1 the which comme not vppe4 ,and therfor it is seide to the goode knyght at gode resons and weele sette and wyse autorites shulde not be tolde to the pepill of rude vndirstondyng and that cannot vndirstond them1 ffor they be lost4 ,and therfor ,aristotile seith1 8,as reyne avaylith notte to corne that is sowen on a stone1 no more availleth argumentes to an onwyse man40 ,that faire and wise wordis shuld not be tolde to rude and ignorant pepill1 the which cannot vnderstond theyme1 it is to sey that it is as a thyng loste1 and than ignorance is to blame4 ,seynt ,bernard seith in a book of xv4 ,degrees of ,mekenes that fore noght tho ascuse theyme of fragilite or off ignorance1#ehe standyng that siche as syne most frely be gladly ffreel and ignorant1 and many thynges the which shuld be knowen be some tyme vnknowen1 outhir be necligence to kune it4444#ehf ,all sich ignorances hath non excusacion4 ,therefore the postil ,seynt ,povle seyth1 8,si quis ignorat1 ignorabitur04#ehg ,c4 ,auctorites ,i haue written to the ,an 4c42 late theyme be take agre1#ehh ,for a woman lerned ,augustus ,to be worchipped and taught hym thus4 ,cesar ,augustus was ,emperoure off the ,romayns and off all ,sidenote3 f4 #ge4 the worlde1 and because thet in the tyme of his reygne pes was in all e world and that he reyngned pesibily1 lewed pepill and misse-beleueres thought that the pes was becawse of his goodnes2 but it was notte1 for it was ,crist ,jhesu1 the which was borne off the ,virgine ,mary and was that tyme on e erth1 and as long as he was on erth1 it was pes ouer all the worlde4 ,so they wold haue worchippede ,cesar as ,god2 but thanne ,sebille bad hym to be well ware that he made hyme note to be worchipped1 and that ther was no ,god but on alone1 e which had made all thynges4 ,and thanne she lede hyme to an hy mounteyn withowte the cete and in the sone by the will of owre ,lord aperyd a ,vergine holdyng a ,childe4#ehi ,sibille shewed it to hym and seyd to hyme that ther was very ,god1 the which shuld be worchipped1 and than ,cesar worchippede hym4 ,and becaus that ,ceesar ,augustus1 the which was prince off all the worlde1 lerned to knowe ,god and the ,beleve off a woman1 to the purpose may be seide the auctorite that ,hermes seith1 8,be not ashamed to here trowth and good techyngges of whom that euer seith it1 for trouth noblyth hym at pronounceth it40 ,there where ,othea seith that she hath wreten to hym an 4c4 ,sidenote3 f4 #ge;b4 auctorites and that ,augustus lerned of a woman1 it is to vndirstond that good wordes and good techynges is to prayse of what persone at seith it4#eij ,howe#eia de ,seint ,victor spekyth hereof in a boke called ,didascalicon1 that a wyse man gladdely herith all maner of techynges2 he dispisyth not the ,scriptur1 he dispyseth not the person1 he dispiseth not the doctrine2 he sekyth indifferently ouer all1 and all that euer he seth the which he hath defaute2 he considerith notte what he is that spekyth1 but what that is the which he seith#eib2 he taketh no hede how myche he can hymme selfe1 but how mech he cannot4 ,to this purpose e wyse man seith1 8,auris bona audiet cum omni concupiscentia sapientiam04#eic ,,glossary4 a1 have1 #af1 #gh1 #aaa abaundonede1 devoted1 #ch a ben1 been1 #da abusyon 7abusion1 ,h471 abuse1 #ej accused 7accusee1 ,h471 told1 reported1 #eb achaunge1 exchange1 #ia acome1 come1 #ej acorde1 agree1 #cd acorde1 agreement1 #eb acordyng 7couuenable1 ,h471 fitting1 proper1 #ae1 #be afore or1 before that1 #gj affrayed1 terrified1 #da agre1 favourably1 in good part1 #aac all gates1 anyhow1 by any means1 #gb1 #hi all only but1 except1 #i aloved 7louez1 ,h471 praised1 #aab alyche 7allegue1 ,h471 allege1 #ab anamely1 anamly1 namely1 #g1 #ab1 #ag1 #bg1 #gj1 #gh1 etc4 anggwyssous 7angoisseuse1 ,h471 full of anguish1 #hi applique1 apply1 #h arayed 7aournez1 ,h471 equipped1 adorned1 #g1 #h1 #bc arayeth 7arroie1 ,h471 equippeth1 #f armure1 armour1 #bd arwe1 arrow1 #ef assay 7essay1 ,h471 trial1 test1 #f assot1 assote1 besot1 make foolish1 #cf1 #gd1 #ajf assotted1 besotted1 #ge assottede of1 besotted with1 doting on1 #bh1 #cf aturnyd1 turned1 #gb auctorised1 authenticated1 vouched for1 #b1 #d availe1 avayle1 advantage1 profit1 #e1 #ab1 #bf1 #cg aventerous1 adventurous1 #i aventure1 adventure1 #ab avisement1 reflection1 counsel1 #ai avowed1 vowed1 #aji avysyons1 visions1 dreams1 #ge1 #gf1 #hh ayen1 against1 #b ayen1 ayene1 again1 #g1 #dh1 #gi ayens1 against1 #ab1 #bi1 #cb1 etc4 ayens say1 gainsay1 #dg bachelere1 bachelor1 #bh bateilled1 battled1 fought1 #bb bayle 7baillif1 ,h471 bailiff1 #ac be1 been1 #da beerys 7ours1 ,h471 bears1 #ab befolowe1 follow1 #fj begone 7sc4 evylle b471 affected1 beset1 #da behouely 7couuenable1 ,h471 proper1 befitting1 #h1 #ab1 #bc1 #hb bellue 7belue1 ,h471 monster1 #ae ben1 be1 #gj besy1 busy1 #e boche 7boce1 ,h471 hump 7of a camel71 #ed bolnynges 7lenfleure1 ,h471 swellings1 pride1 #gf borde1 table1 #fg bosche 7buisson1 ,h471 bush1 #ec bostus1 boastful1 threatening1 #ea boores1 boars1 #ab bounte 7bonte1 bernage1 sc4 barnage1 ,h471 goodness1 nobility1 #h1 #aa1 #bg1 #fj brayeng1 braying 7de brayre1 ,h471 croaking 7of frogs71 #cd brennyng1 burning1 #fb brent1 burnt1 #fi1 #aaj brokyth 7retient1 ,h471 digests1 retains 7on the stomach71 #ee brond 7brandon1 ,h471 brand1 torch1 #cf brothe1 broththe 7palu1 ,h471 muddy water1 #cc1 #cd broute1 browte1 brought1 #ab1 #ef1 #aaj bruled1 broiled1 burnt1 #fi bryboure 7lierres1 sc4 larron1 ,h471 thief1 robber1 #da busshmentes 7embusches1 ,h471 ambushes1 #fc butyrflye 7papillon1 ,h471 butterfly1 #aji carles 7villains1 ,h471 churls1 rustics1 #cc1 #cd cesse 7cesser1 ,h471 make to cease1 #i chaiere 7chayere1 ,h471 chair 7of a professor71 #f chamel1 chamelle1 camel1 #ed chelde1 shield1 #ed1 #fj chepe1 sheep1 #eh ches1 choose1 #he chesse1 the 7esches1 ,h471 game of chess1 #ie chevalroures 7vaillance cheualereuse1 ,h471 chivalry1 #i cheualerous1 cheualerours1 chivalrous1 #ad1 #af cheuetayne1 cheueten 7cheuetaine1 ,h471 chieftain1 leader1 #b1 #he chippe1 ship1 #ef chynnes1 chains1 #da clyme 7monter1 ,h471 climb1 #f1 #dd communes 7paysans1 ,h471 common people1 #cd communiall 7communicaire1 ,h471 sharing with others1 #bg condicionned 7condicionne1 ,h471 accustomed1 #he conditoures 7conduissaresse1 ,h471 conductress1 guide1 #h condittes 7conduis1 ,h471 conduits1 #bh connestabil1 constable1 #he connyng 7sauoir1 ,h471 knowledge1 #bd contrarie1 contrary1 adverse1 #aa contrariousnes 7les contrarietez1 ,h471 adversity1 #ab contrarius1 contrary1 adverse1 #i conveyed 7conuoye1 ,h471 conducted1 guided 7of the spirit71 #h conveyng 7congeement1 ,h471 removal1 expulsion1 #e copyr1 copper1 #ag corage1 spirit1 mind1 #ca1 #hd1 #if coromped1 corrupted1 #bi corrompeth1 corrumpyth1 corrupteth1 #cj corumpe1 to corrupt1 #fb cosyn germayne1 cousin german1 #i1 #aj coude1 cowde1 could1 #he1 #hf couertly1 secretly1 disguisedly1 #ac couerture1 disguise1 concealment1 #ac1 #ai1 #dc1 #ic couetise1 covetyse1 covetousness1 #cd1 #ed1 #fj cowde1 knew1 #eh crassed 7creuee1 ,h471 cracked1 #eb creues1 crevesse 7creueure1 ,h471 crevice1 #eb1 #fe cuirboyle1 cuir-bouilli1 boiled leather1 #bd debatoure 7discordant1 ,h471 debater1 quarreller1 #fg deded 7amortie1 ,h471 deadened1 #bg deele1 dele1 part1 whit1 #i1 #ce defavtes1 faults1 defects1 #ac defendyth1 forbiddeth1 #cb deme1 judgment1 #ef departed 7departis1 ,h471 allotted1 #hc desceyvable 7faillible1 ,h471 deceitful1 untrustworthy1 #h dictis1 dicts1 sayings1 #d diffendyth1 forbidden1 #bh discomfyte1 discomfited1 #ae discouered1 uncovered1 unprotected1 #ig1 #ajd discouerte1 uncovered1 #aje discute1 discuss1 #bj1 #fb disheryte1 disinherit1 #bi1 #cj dispite1 despise1 #aj1 #ajj disportis1 amusements1 #cd disporveide 7despourveu1 ,h471 unprovided1 #fh disprayes 7despris1 ,h471 contempt1 #bh disprayse 7desprisier1 ,h471 contemn1 despise1 #ed1 #hd1 #hg dispraysyng 7despercion1 ,h471 contemning1 despising1 #ei dispreisyd1 dispreysed1 contemned1 despised1 #ce1 #cf dispreysyng1 contemning1 despising1 #cf dissalowed 7desloua1 ,h471 disapproved1 dissuaded1 #ef dissauable1 deceitful 7of riches71 #ec disseruede 7desserui1 ,h471 served1 performed 7sc4 of penance71 #ad dittee 7dictie1 ,h471 treatise1 #h do armes 7armes 444 faire1 ,h471 perform exploits1 #ab dobylnesse1 doubleness1 duplicity1 #ie doghter1 daughter1 #af1 #ca doited 7affoles1 ,h471 doting1 #fi dome1 judgment1 #af1 #dh1 #fh doo1 done1 #ad doongon 7dongion1 ,h471 keep1 castle1 #aaj doute 7dompter1 ,h471 conquer1 #db doutyd 7doubtoit1 ,h471 doubted1 feared1 #ig douted1 dowted 7dompta1 ,h471 conquered1 #db doutously1 doubtfully1 #ai dowter1 daughter1 #aa dres 7adrece1 ,h471 dress1 direct1 apply1 #e dressyd hyr 7se ficha1 ,h471 betook herself1 #ff drwe1 drew1 #cj drwe avay 7chaca1 ,h471 drove away1 #bj dryst1 durst1 #dd dured1 endured1 lasted1 #eb duryng 7sc4 euer d471 lasting1 #f dyffendyth1 forbiddeth1 #cb dyght1 disposed1 placed1 #hj dynne1 dinner1 #ff dysheryted 7desherita1 ,h471 disinherited1 #bj dysparbuled 7se espart1 ,h471 disparpled1 divided1 #eg dyspiteth 7despite1 ,h471 despiseth1 #af dyspyte 7despit1 ,h471 contempt1 scorn1 #dj dystres 7destrece1 ,h471 distress1 #ab ell1 elles1 ellis1 else1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad embaundoned1 devoted1 #b empeched 7empesche1 ,h471 hindered1 injured1 #ij empechest 7empesches1 ,h471 impeach1 find fault with1 #hg emprise1 undertaking1 #ge1 #gf enbushed1 ambushed1 #gc encres1 increase1 #ch endyte 7escripre1 ,h471 write1 #f engins 7engins1 ,h471 snares1 #hd ennorted1 exhorted1 #fd enorte 7ennorter1 ,h471 exhort1 #e enortyng 7enditement1 ,h471 exhortation1 #eh ensorgyng1 grieving1 #ca entent1 mind1 understanding1 #ai eres1 erys1 ears1 #dj errant 7sc4 e4 knyghte71 wandering1 #ae1 #aaa erryed 7aree1 ,h471 ploughed1 #ch erye 7arer1 ,h471 to plough1 #ch exauced1 heard1 granted1 #ah1 #gi exavced 7of a person praying71 heard1 gratified1 #gi exaussyng 7exaussement1 ,h471 exalting1 #ab excusacion1 excuse1 #hg1 #aac exempled1 exemplified1 justified1 #b1 #d eyne1 eyes1 #dd1 #de eyre1 ear1 #dd fardell 7faissel1 ,h471 burden1 #cb fauchon 7fauchon1 ,h471 falchion1 sword1 #ae favth1 fought1 #ac fawty1 faulty1 #dj fayre1 fayree1 fayreis 7nymphes1 ,h471 fairies1 #gg1 #ha1 #ic felachep1 felachipe1 fellowship1 #af1 #ib felawe1 fellow1 #ad feleshyp1 fellowship1 company1 #cc felle1 savage1 cruel1 #ab feythyt1 fighteth1 #fe flawe1 flew1 #ae fleeth 7vole1 ,h471 flyeth1 #af flotereth 7flote1 ,h471 flutters1 hesitates1 #bb flowrid1 flourished1 #c flowte1 flute1 #dj1 #dd folely1 follely1 foolishly1 #hc1 #ajg1 #ajh folwe 7ensuiuir1 ,h471 follow1 #aa folwyth 7sensuit1 ,h471 followeth1 #aj foly1 foolish1 #fd1 #gi fond1 foonde1 found1 invented1 #bd1 #be1 #ch1 #dc fordone 7amortis1 ,h471 destroyed1 done away with1 #ac foryate1 forgot1 #fh1 #fi1 #gd1 #if foryeten1 forgotten1 #fh froward1 perverse1 #ic fraudelous1 deceitful1 #ib1 #aab frele1 frail1 #bh frelnes1 frailty1 #bj1 #gj frosses 7renoulles1 ,h471 frogs1 #cc1 #cd ful1 fulle1 very1 #b1 #c1 #g1 #ab1 #ae fullefyllyd 7remplie1 ,h471 filled1 #i fumerelle 7sueil1 ,h41 sc4 threshold71 smoke-hole 7in the roof71 hearth1 #cj fundement1 foundation1 #fd gaineyers1 husbandmen1 #ch gate1 got1 #aa gebet 7gibet1 ,h471 gibbet1 #da geyneseyyng 7contredisans1 ,h471 gainsaying1 #ba glayve 7faulx1 ,h471 sword1 #ae glewe 7gluyon1 ,h471 glue1 #aji gosh1 go1 #dg gostly1 ghostly1 spiritual1 #b1 #c1 #h1 #he grenner1 greener1 #ca greuaunces1 evils1 harm1 #bg gryffes 7cultiuemens1 ,h471 grafts1 shoots1 #ci guerdon 7subst471 reward1 #eh guerdon 7v471 reward1 estimate properly1 #ej1 #ei gyf1 give1 #ai gyrte1 girded1 #aje gyse1 guise1 #df habaundonede1 devoted1 #ch halse 7accoller1 ,h471 embrace1 #fi haunt1 follow1 devote oneself to1 #gj1 #ge1 #hj hauntyng 7frequentise1 ,h471 intercourse1 #eb hawteyn1 haughty1 proud1 #bg helly 7infernaulx1 ,h471 hellish1 of hell1 #gh heppid 7amassez1 ,h471 heaped1 #cd herdly 7enterine1 ,h471 earthly 7871 #ie ,for 8enterin10 or1 as sometimes spelt1 8enterrin10 see p4 #ie1 note #b4 ,scrope seems to have mistaken its meaning1 connecting it with 8terre40 heris1 ears1 #ee herres1 hairs1 #cj hire 7loyer1 ,h471 reward1 #ha holde 7sc4 h4 counsell71 take1 follow1 #ia holden1 held1 considered1 #c holdyn1 taken1 followed1 #ia hole and some1 whole and sum1 entirely1 #f holpyn1 helped1 #ii homely 7sc4 h4 spyes1 priuees1 ,h471 domestic1 #bc homlynes1 7priuete1 ,h471 intimacy1 #ib hooges1 huge1 #cb hy1 hye1 high1 #e1 #g1 #h1 #bc hyly1 highly1 #f hynes1 highness1 greatness1 #ab iangeler 7iengleur1 gengleresse1 ,h471 chatterer1 prater1 #eg1 #ih iangyllyng 7gengle1 ,h471 chattering1 prating1 #ih iauelot1 iaueloth 7glavellot1 ,h471 dart1 javelin1 #hf ich1 iche1 each1 #g1 #hj1 #hc inewgh1 enough1 #be inougth1 enough1 #ab inowe1 enough1 #cd inowgh1 enough1 #eb1 #fc inowght1 enough1 #hd inowthe1 enough1 #fc iolines1 iolynesse 7ioliuete1 ,h471 gaiety1 mirth1 #ah1 #hc ioly 7cointe1 ,h471 gay1 sprightly1 #gb iorneyer 7voyager1 ,h471 traveller1 #ac iowgolowre 7iugleur1 ,h471 buffoon1 #ajd ioyeux1 joyous1 #hd iren1 iron1 #bb iusticer1 judge1 #ac1 #ad iustifie 7iusticier1 ,h471 to judge1 #ac ,i wys1 sc4 iwis1 assuredly1 #i kest1 cast1 threw1 #cj1 #hi keuercheffes1 kerchiefs1 #hj konyng1 koonyng1 knowledge1 #hc1 #hg kunnyng1 knowledge1 #f1 #be1 #hc kynde1 nature1 #a lachesse1 negligence1 remissness1 #cb lavde 7subst471 praise1 #ab lawyng1 laughing1 #fa lech1 leche1 like1 #h1 #bf1 #ca1 #cd1 #cf1 etc4 lede1 lead 7the metal71 #ai lefull1 lawful1 #ie leke1 leek1 #aj lekend1 likened1 #ca lekerousnes 7alechemens1 ,h471 appetite1 greediness1 #fb lemyte1 limit1 #aj lenage1 lineage1 #aa lerned1 taught1 #aac lessyng1 lessening1 #ei lest1 leste 7talent1 ,h471 desire1 #ic lesyng 7menconge1 ,h471 lying1 #df lete 7empescher1 ,h471 hinder1 #hb letted1 lettyd1 hindered1 #h1 #ca1 #hb letteryd1 lettyrd 7letrez1 ,h471 lettered1 #db lettynges 7empeschemens1 ,h471 hindrances1 #fg lettyth1 hinder1 #aj leuer1 rather1 #dh1 #ajg lewde 7fol1 sotte1 ,h471 foolish1 #dj1 #df1 #ea1 #ajb leyser1 leisure1 #dj lich1 like1 #da longeth1 longyth1 belongeth1 #bj1 #be1 #ga longgyng1 belonging1 #bj1 #cg lorier 7laurier1 ,h471 laurel1 #ii1 #ajj lyeines1 lyenis 7liens1 ,h471 bonds1 #fa1 #ff lymbo 7limbe1 ,h471 limbo1 the outskirts of hell1 #da lyst1 desired1 #ih lyst1 lyste 7courage1 talent1 ,h471 will1 desire1 #dd1 #di1 #gg ma1 may1 #gj malencolius1 melancholy1 #ba malice1 artfulness1 #hj malicius1 artful1 #de1 #aaa manace1 menace1 #ea manisynges1 menacings1 #ea mankyndely1 mankyndly 7humaine1 ,h471 human1 #h1 #ah1 #gj1 #gb1 #ajc manyce1 menace1 #ea marches 7marches1 ,h471 borders1 #fj masseyngeres1 messengers1 #bc maystry1 mastery1 #ce maystyr 7mestier1 ,h471 office1 business1 #aa meche1 much1 #di mechell1 much1 #gb mene1 means1 #bj menye 7mesgnee1 maignee1 ,h471 company1 pack 7of hounds71 #gg merowre1 mirror1 #ie mervelious1 meruelyous1 marvellous1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #bj miche1 much1 #de molle 7tauppe1 ,h471 mole1 #dj mote1 must1 #cc mowe1 more1 #gg muse1 take amusement1 #ga1 #gd mych1 myche1 much1 #aa1 #ab mychyll1 much1 #gj mydwes1 meadows1 #ajd ,scrope's ,fr4 ,,ms4 probably read 8aux piez0 7cf4 #ajd1 note #a71 and he confused it with 8aux prz0 mysbeleve1 misbelief1 #de myschefe 7meschief1 ,h471 misfortune1 #cc myssedone 7meffait1 ,h471 misdone1 done amiss1 #de ne1 not1 #da nedelle 7aguille1 ,h471 needle1 #ed nedis1 needs1 #ed neyburwe1 neighbour1 #af nerehand 7a pou1 ,h471 nearly1 #aa noblyth1 ennobleth1 #aad noye 7nuit1 ,h471 annoy1 harm1 #fa noyens 7nuisible1 ,h471 harm1 nuisance1 #aje noyens1 harmful1 #aaa nwefanggyllnesse1 newfangledness1 inconstancy1 #ie nygromancye 7arquemie1 sc4 alchemy1 ,h471 necromancy1 #id nyse 7nyce1 ,h471 stupid1 foolish1 #ea o1 one1 #ah1 #bb1 #be1 #ig obeissance 7obeyssance1 ,h471 deference1 respect1 #ad onsesyde of1 unseised of1 without1 #gd oo1 one1 #aje or that1 before that1 #ai1 #bj1 #ea ordure1 filth1 vileness1 #bj oste 7ost1 ,h471 host1 #bf ouctrecuidez1 proud1 overweening1 #bh ouer all 7par tout1 ,h471 everywhere1 #hj1 #ic1 #aad ouergoo 7surmonter1 ,h471 master1 conquer1 #if ouerhoope 7oultrecuidance1 ,h471 presumption1 #ea ouerlede1 ouerleyde 7surpris1 ,h471 surprised1 #fa1 #fe ouerwenyng 7oultrecuidez1 ,h471 inordinately proud1 #bg1 #bh owthe 7doit1 ,h471 ought1 #f paase 7passer1 ,h471 surpass1 #hc paramours 7adv471 passionately1 #fi1 #gb parde1 par dieu1 #ab1 #fh1 #aje passede 7pesee1 ,h471 weighed1 considered1 #ea paynemes 7payens1 ,h471 pagans1 heathen1 #dg peise1 peyse 7peser1 ,h471 weigh1 consider1 #bj pendavnde1 pendant1 #eb penowrye1 penuery 7misere1 ,h471 penury1 #ii perchith 7perce1 ,h471 pierceth1 #ef perfite1 perfect1 #h perlious1 perlyous1 perilous1 #hb1 #hi perlyouser1 more perilous1 #aaj pes1 peace1 #cj pewter 7peaultre1 ,h471 pewter1 #ah peyne hym1 trouble himself1 #hg pistil1 pistile1 pistylle1 epistle1 #e1 #ah1 #bb plangeth 7plunge1 ,h471 plunges1 #bb plenere1 full1 #e plesauns1 plesawnce1 pleasure1 #ge1 #ha plongeden1 plunged1 #bh plyte1 plight1 #fa ,pocalipse1 ,apocalypse1 #gc pontificall 7pontifical1 ,h47 dignified1 #bc prayed1 invited1 #ff prerogatyue 7prerogatiue1 ,h471 privilege1 exclusive possession1 #g presound1 imprisoned1 #ca prime temps1 spring1 #bg pris 7pris1 ,h471 prize1 #bj1 #bc prouoste 7preuost1 ,h471 provost1 #ac purchase 7sc4 p4 armes1 pourchacier1 ,h471 pursue1 follow1 #ab purchassed 7sc4 p4 trayson1 pourchace1 ,h471 contrived1 #ajh purches 7sc4 p4 harme1 pourchacier1 ,h471 contrive1 #hf purveide off 7pourueu1 ,h471 provided with1 #ajb pyll1 pillage1 #fj pystyl1 pystylle1 epistle1 #g1 #aj qwan1 when1 #ce qwaynte 7cointe1 ,h471 clever1 ingenious1 #ie qweke 7vifs1 ,h471 quick1 living1 #de qwen1 qwenne1 when1 #bf1 #cj1 #ce qwere1 where1 #ci qwhan1 when1 #dd qwhen1 queen1 #fc qwome1 whom1 #cf qwythe thorne 7morier blank1 ,h471 white thorn1 #ce raffe1 split1 was riven1 #fe rampyng 7rampans1 ,h471 rampant1 raging 7of bears71 #ab rauenous 7traueilleux1 ,h471 vexatious1 painful1 #ah reaume1 realm1 #g1 #ac1 #ae1 #aaa reconforte1 comfort1 #id refeccion 7reffeccion1 ,h471 food1 #ee renomme1 renown1 #b renommeed1 renowned1 #a repuignand1 resisting1 repelling1 #c revede 7tolue1 ,h471 tore away1 rescued1 #ae reyne1 rain1 #bg rothir1 rudder1 #ef rotters1 gallants1 #fb rowe 7renc1 ,h471 rank1 class1 #ac royalme1 royaulme1 realm1 kingdom1 #c ryght1 very1 #ab1 #ae1 #ah1 #bi1 #ajf ryghtwyse1 righteous1 #ac ryghtwysly1 righteously1 #ad1 #bj rytewyse 7droicturiere1 ,h471 righteous1 #ac sadde1 discreet1 careful1 #ei sadely1 carefully1 #ea sadenes 7sc4 s4 of speche1 lente de parler1 ,h471 discretion1 #ef salwes1 sallows1 willows1 #ic saue1 except1 #bc say1 assay1 test1 #hj schawnegeable1 changeable1 #bb schawneged1 schawnged1 changed1 #fj1 #ga schawngyth1 changeth1 #bb schette1 shut1 included1 #ci1 #eb schewyth 7suiue1 ,h471 sueth1 followeth1 #bb schorte1 shorten1 #fb sclaunderus1 slanderous1 #ef se1 sea1 #aa1 #dg sede on syde1 set aside1 #aj seege1 siege 7sc4 the camp71 #if sege1 siege 7sc4 the besieging force71 #ajf seege 7sc4 of counsell1 siege de conseil1 ,h471 seat1 #eg segge1 siege1 #bf seghens1 sighings1 #aja sekyr1 sure1 #hi semblable1 similar1 #ajh serpently 7serpentins1 ,h471 serpent-like1 #cj sesid with 7saisi de1 ,h471 seised1 possessed of1 #gd sewyng1 sewynge1 following1 #g1 #aaa seyntens1 saints1 #dg seysyd hym in 7sc4 esleua en1 ,h471 arrogated to himself1 #bh seytis1 sexes1 #ic sheded1 shed1 #fc shrewdenes 7mauuaistie1 ,h471 wickedness1 #aaj shrewes 7des mauuais1 ,h471 the wicked1 vicious1 #ajh skye 7nue1 ,h471 cloud1 #dd slake1 fail1 grow slack1 #gc slewthe1 slowthe1 sloth1 #cb1 #cc smerte1 painful1 #ajc socourable1 helpful1 #bg1 #ej socovre1 succour1 #af soffted 7amoli1 ,h471 softened1 #id softeth 7adoulcist1 ,h471 softeneth1 easeth1 #bf soget 7subget1 ,h471 subject1 #ad1 #fe soggettes 7subges1 ,h471 subjects1 #bd soioryng 7seiour1 ,h471 resting place1 abode1 #aab soioure1 sojourn1 #ie sonne1 sun1 #bj soothel1 sootyl1 sotell1 sothell1 subtle1 #ib1 #ic1 #id sorwe1 sorrow1 #ajc sotely1 subtly1 #cf1 #fa soth1 truth1 sooth1 #hi sothyn 7cuit1 ,h471 sodden1 #bi1 #aab sotle1 subtle1 #be sotted 7assottent1 ,h47 besotted1 made foolish1 #gd sottyl1 subtle1 #ie sotyl1 subtle1 #ce sotylte1 subtlety1 #ie soundir1 sunder1 #da sowlehele1 salvation1 #b sowpled 7se adoulcist1 ,h471 softened1 mollified1 #ib sowte1 sought1 #hj spotte 7tache1 ,h471 blemish1 taint1 #cg1 #da stabilnes 7constance1 ,h471 stability1 constancy1 #ab stale1 stole1 #cb standing1 standyng1 stondyng1 considering that1 #h1 #ea1 #ec1 #ha1 #hb1 #hi1 #ajf stanke 7estanc1 ,h471 a pool1 #ic stawnched1 quenched 7of fire71 #aje stawnsh1 staunch1 quench1 #cc stepechildire 7fillastres1 ,h471 step-children1 #bi1 #cj stepmodir1 steppemodir 7marrastre1 ,h471 stepmother1 #cj1 #dh stirte1 styrte 7sailli1 se gita1 ,h471 hurried1 #hi1 #ajc stodier 7lestudiant1 ,h471 studyer1 student1 #db strate1 strait1 narrow1 #fc streche 7tendre1 ,h471 stretch1 tend1 #h streche to1 reach to1 rival1 #hb strecheth1 stretch1 are directed1 #cb streged1 stretched1 #cj streyned1 strained1 stretched1 #dj streyte1 strait 7of a prison71 #fj strof1 strove1 #eg strong 7fort1 ,h471 difficult1 #eh suremounted1 raised1 #c suspeccion1 suspicion1 #gj swe1 sowed1 #ch swiche1 such1 #de swolve1 swallow1 #cd synguler1 special1 #df1 #dg sythyn1 sithen1 since1 #cd tachys 7condicions1 ,h471 manners1 #cd targes 7targes1 ,h471 target1 shield1 #ed tendyng 7tendans1 ,h471 having regard1 #ag tendyyng1 regard1 attention1 #ic teremys1 terms1 #ag terrement 7obseques1 ,h471 interment1 burial1 #ajf teschyng1 teaching1 #ad teynt 7attaint1 ,h471 tainted1 affected1 #cj tharledom1 thraldom1 thralledom 7seruitude1 ,h471 servitude1 #ea1 #fe1 #ia thefende1 defend1 forbid1 #bi thredde1 third1 #c thresshefolde 7sueil1 ,h471 threshold1 #ca tobbe 7tine1 ,h471 tub1 #fc tocheth to 7touche1 ,h471 regards1 concerns1 #ab to regard of1 in regard to1 #h trauell1 labour1 travail1 #db trauellyth1 labour1 travail1 #bf trowght1 truth1 #hj trwes 7treues1 ,h471 truce1 #ajf turnementes 7tourment1 ,h471 torments1 #cg tweyne1 twain1 #bi tynne1 tin1 #ah tysyng 7enditement1 ,h471 enticing1 #ajh vagaunt 7vague1 ,h471 vagrant1 #ajd vailable1 vaylable 7valable1 ,h471 useful1 #ab1 #dc vailet1 vayleth 7est proufitable1 vault1 ,h471 availeth1 #ed1 #eg valure 7valeur1 ,h471 valour1 #bg vauntoure 7vanteur1 ,h471 boaster1 #ga vaylie1 valley1 #ad veleyns1 velyens1 vile1 abject1 #ea1 #ei1 #aaa venegre1 vinegar1 #cj veray1 very 7vraye1 ,fr471 true1 #g1 #ha1 #ih viagis1 voyages1 #ac vilens1 vileyns1 vile1 abject1 #cd1 #cg vmbethynke the1 consider1 #f1 #eg1 #fc1 #fi1 #gf1 #aaa vnbehouely 7inpartinent1 ,h471 unbecoming1 #ce vncunnyng 7ingrat1 ,h471 unmindful1 #ei vndirstondynges 7entendemens1 ,h471 meanings1 #be vngracious 7sc4 v4 games1 mal gracieux1 ,h471 discourteous1 #eh vniuersyte1 university1 #c1 #db vnknowyn 7descongnoissant1 ,h471 unmindful1 ungrateful1 #ei vnkunnyng 7ingratitude1 ,h471 unmindfulness1 ingratitude1 #ei vnnethes 7a peine1 ,h471 scarcely1 hardly1 #fb voide1 voyde1 woyde1 remove1 expel1 #cj1 #ea1 #fh1 #ih voyded 7vuidoient1 ,h471 removed1 departed1 #ea voyeddid 7vuida1 ,h471 removed1 expelled1 #ai wacches 7agais1 ,h471 watches1 plots1 #h wassh 7gue1 ,h471 lake1 pool1 #cc wchid 7gaitoit1 ,h471 watched1 #dd wellwyllyng 7bien vueillant1 ,h471 benevolent1 #bg wend1 wende 7cuiderent1 cuida1 ,h471 weaned1 thought1 #cj1 #ajf weneth 7cuident1 ,h471 wean1 think1 #aaa were 7guerre faire1 ,h471 make war1 #aa1 #bc weri1 very1 real1 true1 #fg werre1 war1 #b1 #ab1 #bc wery1 truly1 #c wete 7sauoir1 ,h471 wit1 know1 learn1 #ia1 #aaa wexe 7deuiengnent1 ,h471 wax1 become1 #cb wexe1 waxed1 grew1 #cj1 #ca1 #eb weyne1 vein1 #ai whan1 whanne1 won1 #ae1 #db1 #ei whedir1 whither1 #da whit 7sc4 with7 the dede 7ou fait1 ,h471 in the act1 #dd wombe 7ventre1 ,h471 belly1 #aaa wombe of mynde 7ventre de la memoire1 ,h471 inmost mind1 #ee wood1 woode 7forsennee1 enragez1 ,h471 mad1 furious1 #cj1 #fe1 #gb woodnes 7forcennage1 enragerie1 ,h471 madness1 fury1 #bi1 #cj1 #fg worthynesses 7proueces1 ,h471 worthy deeds1 #bg wote 7scay1 scez1 ,h471 know1 #ab1 #ih wreke 7ateines1 ,h471 vengeance1 #aa wylne 7v471 will1 #af wymple 7guimple1 ,h471 wimple1 #ec wynnors 7gaignons1 ,h471 #aa4 ,according to ,godefroy1 ,dict4 de l'ancienne langue ,franaise1 s4v41 8gaignon0 means a 8mtin1 chien de basse-cour10 and then a 8homme vil et mechant10 or1 as we say1 a 8cur40 ,scrope seems to have confounded it with 8gaigneur10 from 8gagner10 to win4 wyse1 manner1 #af1 #bj1 #dj wytte 7sens1 ,h471 wit1 sense1 #ab yaf1 yafe1 gave1 #ag1 #ai1 #ch yate1 gate1 #cj yche1 each1 #fg ye1 eye1 #cb yef1 if1 #i yefe1 give1 #bj yefer1 giver1 #ch yeffeth1 yeffyth1 giveth1 #hb1 #hd yeffve1 give1 #hc yeftis1 gifts1 #b yen1 eyes1 #dd yeris meynde 7luniversaire1 ,h471 anniversary1 #ajf yete1 get 7imper471 #aa4 ,the line should probably be read1 8,and wyth vs streyngth be 7sc4 by7 honesty e yete10 cf4 8,et auec nous te couuient force10 ,h4 yeveth1 yevyth1 giveth1 #ah1 #bc1 #ci yevyng1 giving1 #c yif1 yife1 give 7imper471 #ad1 #ai yiff1 give1 #hc yiffeth1 giveth1 #ah1 #ba yite1 yet1 #ga yode1 went1 #gc yofe1 given1 #ba yolden1 yielded1 given up1 #hg youen1 youyn1 yoven1 yovyn1 given1 #b1 #g1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 etc4 yraigne 7yraigne1 ,h471 spider1 #ga ate1 gate1 #g ates1 gates1 #aa ,,index4 ,abtalin1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #cf ,achilles1 #de1 #ej1 #ff1 #ge1 #hj1 #ib1 #if1 #aje1 #ajf ,acis1 son of ,faunus1 #fe ,acton 7,anteon1 ,antheon71 #gf ,adonis 7,dadonius71 #gb ,adrastus1 ,king of ,argos1 #ed olus 7,eolus71 god of winds1 #hi ,aglauros 7,aglaros71 daughter of ,cecrops1 #ca ,ajax 7,thelamen ,ayaux1 ,thelomonailles1 ,ayaux71 #gc1 #ia1 #ajg ,alcyone 7,alchion71 wife of ,ceyx1 #hi ,alexander1 ,king of ,macedon1 #he1 #ajc ,ambrose1 ,st41 #d2 quoted1 #bb1 #bc1 #ij ,amphiaraus 7,amphoras71 #ed ,andrew1 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #da ,andromache 7,andromatha71 wife of ,hector1 #ajj1 #ajc ,andromeda1 #ae1 #af ,antenor 7,anthenor71 #ajh1 #aji ,apocalypse 7,pocalipse1 ,pocalipce71 the1 quoted1 #gc1 #aaa ,apollo 7,appollo71 #bj4 ,see also ,phbus ,apulia 7,puille71 #ge ,arachne 7,yragnes71 #ga ,argus1 the hundred-eyed1 #dd ,aristotle 7,aristotiles1 ,aristotile1 ,aristotill71 #d2 maxims of1 #h1 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #cj1 #ch1 #db1 #fj1 #ga1 #he1 #ajc1 #ajg1 #aab ,assaron1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #ij ,atalanta 7,athalenta71 #ha ,athamas1 ,king1 #bi ,atropos 7,acropose1 ,accropos71 #dg1 #dh ,augustine 7,austyn1 ,tawstyn71 ,st41 #d2 quoted1 #h1 #aj1 #af1 #cj1 #cb1 #cd1 #di1 #ej1 #ea1 #gj1 #gb1 #gd1 #ge1 #gh1 #gi1 #hb1 #hd1 #hh1 #ia1 #if1 #ii1 #ajc1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj ,augustus ,csar1 #aac ,babylon 7,babylonie1 ,babilonie71 #eb1 #aja ,bacchus 7,bachus71 #cd ,bartholomew 7,bartylmew71 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #dd ,bede1 quoted1 #cc ,bellerophon 7,belorophon1 ,berolophon71 #dh ,bernard1 ,st41 quoted1 #ad1 #ed1 #ei1 #ajc1 #aab ,berry1 ,john1 ,duke of 7,jon1 ,duke of ,barry71 #c ,boethius 7,boys71 quoted1 #hd ,cadmus 7,cadimus71 #db ,calabria 7,calebre71 #ge ,calchas 7,calcas71 #ib1 #if ,cardinal ,virtues1 #b1 #g ,cassandra1 daughter of ,priam1 #df ,cassian1 ,john1 quoted1 #fd ,cassiodorus1 quoted1 #ai1 #ba1 #be1 #bg1 #fg ,cecrops 7,cycropos71 ,king of ,athens1 #ca ,cephalus 7,sephalus71 #hf ,cerberus 7,serebrus1 ,cereberus1 ,cerebrus71 #aa1 #da1 #gi ,ceres1 #aa1 #ch ,ceyx 7,ceys71 #hi ,charon 7,acaron71 #gi ,cidonie 7,sidon871 #ce ,circe 7,circes1 ,cyrces71 #aaa ,colchos 7,coleos71 #ea1 #eh1 #ij ,commandments1 the ,ten1 #di ,corinis1 the nymph1 #ef ,corinthians1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistles to the1 quoted1 #bg1 #hg1 #if1 #ajh1 #aac ,correction1 ,book of1 by ,st4 ,augustine1 #af ,creed1 ,articles of the1 #cg ,cressida 7,cresseide71 #ie ,crow1 #ef ,cupid1 #fe1 #ie ,cyrus 7,cirus71 ,king of ,persia1 #fc ,dadonius4 ,see ,adonis ,daphne 7,damee71 #ii ,democritus 7,demecritus71 maxim of1 #aj ,diana 7,dyana71 #cg1 #fj1 #gj1 #gf1 #gg1 #ii ,diogenes 7,dyogeneys71 maxims of1 #bc1 #dj ,diomed 7,dyomed71 #if ,discord1 goddess of1 #ff ,ecclesiasticus1 book of1 quoted1 #af1 #bb1 #cb1 #cd1 #fd1 #hi1 #ajd1 #aad ,echo 7,eccho1 ,echo71 #ih ,ephesians1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the1 quoted1 #bc1 #ca1 #ig ,esdras1 book of1 quoted1 #ba ,eurydice 7,euredice1 ,euredice71 #gh ,fastolf1 ,sir ,john1 #a1 note ,femene 7sc4 ,amazonia71 kingdom of1 #fc ,fortune1 the goddess1 #hd ,galatea 7,galatee71 the nymph1 #fe ,galatea 7,galathee71 ,hector's horse1 #g ,ganymedes1 #eg ,geber1 astronomer1 #ag ,gorgon1 #ei1 #fj ,gregory 7,gregorie1 ,grigori1 ,grigory71 ,st41 #d2 quoted1 #ah1 #bj1 #bd1 #ce1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh1 #fh1 #ga1 #gf1 #he1 #id1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajd1 #aab ,hebrews1 ,epistle to the1 quoted1 #be1 #bf ,hector1 #e1 #g1 #bb1 #bd1 #bf1 #di1 #ig1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajf ,hecuba 7,ecuba1 ,hecuba71 #bd1 #ajf ,helen 7,helaine1 ,elen1 etc471 #ge1 #hc1 #hg1 #ia ,helenus 7,helene 71 son of ,priam1 #hg ,hercules1 #aa1 #ab1 #da1 #ea1 #gc ,hermaphroditus 7,hermofrodicus71 #ic ,hermes 7,armes1 ,harmes1 ,hermes71 the philosopher1 #d2 maxims of1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba 7#b71 #bf1 #cb1 #cg1 #ci1 #dc1 #de1 #di1 #ec1 #ei1 #fh1 #gj1 #gc1 #ha1 #hf1 #hg1 #id1 #if1 #ajd1 #aad ,herse 7,herce71 daughter of ,cecrops1 #ca ,hesione1 daughter of ,laomedon1 #ia ,hippocrates 7,ypocras71 maxim of1 #ce ,homer 7,omer71 #d2 maxims of1 #ea1 #ajj ,ilium 7,ylyon71 #aaj ,innocent ,,iii41 ,pope1 quoted1 #aje ,ino 7,yno71 wife of ,athamas1 #bi1 #aab ,io 7,yo71 daughter of ,inacus1 #dc ,isaiah 7,ysaie1 ,ysaye71 quoted1 #eb1 #he1 #id ,isis 7,ysis71 #ci ,james1 ,st41 the ,greater1 article of1 in the ,creed1 #ci2 epistle of1 #gi ,james1 ,st41 the ,less1 article of1 in the ,creed1 #df ,jason1 #eh1 #fd ,jerome 7,jerom71 ,st41 #d2 quoted1 #cg1 #ff1 #ha1 #hg1 #ic1 #ie1 #aaj ,jesus ,christ1 shown by the ,sibyl to ,augustus1 #aac ,job1 book of1 quoted1 #bh ,joel1 book of1 quoted1 #fh ,john 7,jon71 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #ch2 ,epistles of1 quoted1 #hb1 #ajg2 ,gospel of1 quoted1 #ie ,john ,cassian 7,jon ,cassian71 quoted1 #fd ,john ,chrysostom1 ,st41 quoted1 #hg ,john ,,ii41 ,king of ,france1 #c ,john1 ,duke of ,berry1 #c ,jude1 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #dg ,juno1 #cc1 #dd1 #ec1 #ff1 #fi1 #hc ,jupiter 7,jouis1 ,jubiter71 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #cc1 #dc1 #dd1 #ff1 #fi ,laomedon 7,leomedon1 ,leomodon71 ,king of ,troy1 #ea1 #fh1 #gc ,latona 7,lathonna71 #cc ,legaron 7,leginon1 ,h471 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #ha ,leo1 ,st41 pope1 quoted1 #fb ,lot 7,lothe71 wife of1 #hf ,lucifer1 #gi ,luke1 ,st41 ,gospel of1 quoted1 #bd1 #he ,magdare1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #ig ,mars1 #e1 #bb1 #fa1 #ajc ,mary1 ,st41 the ,virgin1 shown by the ,sibyl to ,augustus1 #aac ,matthew 7,matheu71 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #de2 ,gospel of1 quoted1 #ah1 #ed1 #gh1 #hd1 #hg1 #ajd ,matthias 7,mathi71 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #dh ,medea 7,medee71 #eh1 #fd ,memnon 7,maymon71 ,king1 #di ,mercury1 #bc1 #ca1 #dd1 #fg ,midas 7,mydas1 ,mygdas71 #dj ,minerva 7,mynerve1 ,minerve71 #e1 #bd1 #be1 #ajc1 #aji ,minos 7,mynos71 #ac1 #ad ,morpheus1 #hh ,myrmidones 7,mirmedewes71 #ge ,narcissus 7,narcisus1 ,arcisus71 #bg1 #ih ,neptunus1 #dg ,nicholas1 astronomer1 #ag ,nimrod 7,nambroth71 #ajb ,ninus 7,minos71 #aja ,origen 7,orygenes1 ,orygene71 quoted1 #bf1 #bh ,orpheus1 #gd1 #gh ,othea1 goddess of prudence1 #e1 #g1 #aj1 #ac1 #ag1 etc4 ,ovid 7,ouyde71 #d ,pallas1 #be1 #ff1 #ga1 #hc ,pan1 #dj ,paris 7,paaris1 ,paarys1 etc471 #ge1 #he1 #hg2 judgment of1 #fg1 #hb ,patroclus1 #if ,pegasus1 #e1 #ae1 #af ,peirithous 7,pirotheus1 ,protheus71 #aa1 #da ,peleus 7,pellus71 #ff ,pelleus1 #eh ,pentheseleia 7,pantasselle71 ,queen of the ,amazons1 #bf ,perceval4 ,see ,perseus ,perseus 7,percyvale1 ,percyualle71 #ae1 #ei1 #fj ,peter 7,petir71 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #cg2 ,epistles of1 quoted1 #aj1 #cg1 #fb1 #gc ,philip1 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #da ,philippians1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the1 quoted1 #ce ,phbe 7,phebe71 #ba1 #cc ,phbus 7,phebus71 #bj1 #cc1 #dj1 #ef1 #eg1 #fj1 #fa1 #ii ,pisan1 ,christine de 7,dame ,cristine71 #c ,plato1 #d2 maxims of1 #cd1 #eg1 #fc1 #fd1 #gb1 #gd1 #gf1 #ib1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajh ,pluto1 #aa1 #da1 #gi ,pollibetes1 #aje ,polyphemus1 #cb1 #fe ,polyxena 7,polexena1 ,polixenne71 daughter of ,priam1 #ajf ,priam 7,priant1 ,priaunt1 etc471 ,king of ,troy1 #bb1 #ea1 #ij1 #ib1 #ajc1 #ajh ,proserpine 7,proserpyng71 #aa1 #da ,prudence1 goddess of4 ,see ,othea ,psalter1 quoted1 #ai1 #bj1 #ef1 #fa1 #ge1 #ajj1 #aaj ,ptolemy 7,ptholome1 ,tholome71 the philosopher1 #d2 maxim of1 #aaj ,pygmalion 7,pimalion1 ,pymalion71 #ce ,pyramus1 #eb ,pyrrhus 7,pirus1 ,pyrus71 son of ,achilles1 #de1 #hj ,pythagoras 7,pictagoras1 ,pitagoras1 etc471 maxims of1 #ag1 #da1 #df1 #dh1 #fg1 #hc ,rabyon1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #ej ,raven1 #ef ,romans1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the1 quoted1 #fg ,st4 ,victor1 ,hugh de1 quoted1 #ef1 #aad ,saturn1 #ai1 #ee ,scrope1 ,stephen1 #b1 note ,sedechias1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #gb ,semele 7,semelle71 #fi ,sibyl 7,sebille71 the1 #aac ,simon1 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #df ,singularity of ,clerks1 book of1 #h1 #ge1 #ajb ,socrates1 #d2 maxims of1 #bh1 #cb1 #hd1 #hh ,solomon1 ,proverbs of1 quoted1 #i1 #ad1 #cc1 #eg1 #eh1 #fe1 #ga1 #gf1 #ij1 #ii1 #aji ,solon 7,salamon1 ,soleyne1 ,solyn71 #d2 maxims of1 #ed1 #gi1 #ie1 #ig ,tawstyn1 ,st4 ,see ,augustine1 ,st4 ,temperance1 goddess of1 #i1 #aj ,theseus1 #aa1 #da ,thessalonians1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to the1 quoted1 #aja ,thessille1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #hb ,thetis1 #ff1 #hj ,thisbe 7,tysbe1 ,thesbe71 #eb1 #ec ,thomas1 ,st41 article of1 in the ,creed1 #db ,thune 7,tyre871 #aaj ,timothy1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to1 quoted1 #ic1 #ajf ,titus1 ,st4 ,paul's ,epistle to1 quoted1 #gj ,tomyris 7,thamaris71 ,queen of the ,amazons1 #fc ,trojan horse1 #aji ,troylus1 son of ,priam1 #ij1 #ie1 #ajf ,tyre8 7,thune71 #aaj ,ulysses 7,vlixes1 ,vlyxes71 #cb1 #hj1 #id1 #aaa ,venus1 #ah1 #cf1 #fa1 #ff1 #gb1 #hc ,virgil 7,vyrgyl71 #d ,vulcan 7,vlnecan71 #fa ,wisdom1 book of1 quoted1 #ei1 #ff1 #gb1 #ia ,ypocras4 ,see ,hippocrates ,zaqualquin1 the philosopher1 maxim of1 #ih ,,printed ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,nichols ,,and ,,sons1 ,,orchard ,,street1 ,,victoria ,,street1 ,s4,w4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,see below1 p4 xxiv4 ,footnote #b3 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #bh1bab1 ff4 #bb;b1 #bf4 ,footnote #c3 ,j4 ,gairdner1 ,the ,paston ,letters1 ed4 #ahif1 iii4 p4 #cja4 ,footnote #d3 ,ibid41 ii4 p4 #cce 7cf4 p4 xxx4 below1 note #b74 ,this copy was included in a 8grete booke10 other articles of which now form ,lansdowne ,,ms4 #bhe4 ,ebesham's hand as they show it is not identical with that of the ,longleat ,,ms41 though it bears a certain resemblance to it4 ,footnote #e3 ,of the authorities used the best and most recent are ,e4 ,robineau1 ,christine de ,pisan1 sa vie et ses uvres1 ,st4 ,omer1 #ahhb2 ,f4 ,koch1 ,leben und ,werke der ,christine de ,pizan1 ,goslar1 #ahhe2 ,m4 ,roy1 uvres potiques de ,christine de ,pisan1 ,soc4 des ,anciens ,textes ,franais1 i4-iii4 #ahhf-ahif4 ,the most interesting details are derived from her own writings1 many of which are still unprinted4 ,footnote #f3 ,see below1 p4 xxxvi4 ,footnote #g3 ,koch1 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #h3 ,this date may be inferred from two statements by herself1 one in 8,le ,chemin de long estude10 written in #adjb1 that she had then been widowed thirteen years 7ed4 ,r4 ,pschel1 ,berlin1 #ahhg1 p4 #f71 and the other in 8,la ,vision0 7,koch1 p4 #ab7 that she was twenty-five when her husband died1 sc4 in #achi4 ,footnote #i3 8,car comme renomme lors tesmoignast par toute crestient la souffisance de mon pere naturel s sciences spculatives comme supellatif astrologien1 jusques en ,ytalie en la cit de ,boulongne la grace par ses messages l'envoya qurir0 78,livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy ,charles ,v410 in ,petitot's ,collection des ,mmoires1 v4 p4 #bge74 ,footnote #aj3 ,robineau1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #aa3 ,thus in 8,la ,vision0 she writes 8le me tolli en fleur de ieunece1 comme en l'aage de xxxiiij4 ans1 et moy de xxv4 demouray chargee de iii4 enfans petiz et de grant maisnage0 7cf4 p4 xi4 note #d74 ,footnote #ab3 uvres potiques1 ed4 ,roy1 i4 p4 #ab1 8,cent ,balades10 ,no4 xi41 and p4 #adh1 8,rondeaux10 ,no4 iii4 ,footnote #ac3 ,john de ,montacute or ,montagu1 who succeeded his father as second ,baron ,montacute in #acij1 his mother as ,baron ,monthermer in #acie 7871 and his uncle as third ,earl of ,salisbury in #acig4 ,one of the objects of his embassy in #acih was to hinder the marriage of ,henry of ,lancaster with a daughter of the ,duke of ,berry4 ,christine speaks of him as 8gracieux chevalier1 aimant dictiez et luy mesme gracieux dicteur0 7,boivin1 8,vie de ,chr4 de ,pisan10 in ,kralio's ,collection des meilleurs ouvrages ,franois1 #aghg1 ii4 p4 #aah74 ,footnote #ad3 ,koch1 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #ae3 ,in a ballad praying the ,duke of ,orleans to take him into his service 7,roy1 i4 p4 #bcb7 she speaks of his having been three years in ,england3 ,ja trois ans a que pour sa grant prouesse ,l'en amena le conte trs louable ,de ,salsbery1 qui moru a destrece ,ou mal pas d',angleterre1 ou muable ,y sont la gent4 ,elsewhere she says that ,henry ,,iv4 8tres joyeusement prist mon enfant vers luy et tint chierement et en trs bon estat0 7,boivin1 p4 #aai74 ,footnote #af3 ,all printed by ,roy1 vol4 ii4 #ahia4 ,footnote #ag3 ,an edition1 8traduit de langue romanne en prose franoise par ,jan ,chaperon10 appeared at ,paris in #aedi4 ,see also above1 p4 xi41 note #d1 ,koch1 p4 #gf1 and ,kralio1 ii4 p4 #big4 ,footnote #ah3 ,for an analysis see ,koch1 p4 #fc4 ,footnote #ai3 ,in this part of the work she plagiarizes largely from the so-called ,travels of ,sir ,john ,mandeville 7see article by ,p4 ,toynbee in ,romania1 xxi4 #ahib1 p4 #bbh74 ,footnote #bj3 ,printed in ,petitot's ,collection des ,mmoires1 #ahbd1 vols4 v4 vi4 and elsewhere4 ,footnote #ba3 ,analysed by ,koch1 p4 #gc4 ,footnote #bb3 ,as in the dedication of the 8ptre d',otha0 partly printed below1 p4 xxxvi4 ,footnote #bc3 ,the original of ,the book of fayttes of armes and of ,chyualrye1 printed by ,caxton in #adhi4 ,he tells us in a note that it was given to him by ,henry ,,vii4 on #bcrd ,january1 #adhi1 to translate and print1 8to thende that euery gentylman born to armes and all manere men of werre captayns souldiours vytayllers and all other shold haue knowlege how they ought to behaue theym in the fayttes of warre and of bataylles40 ,he adds that the translation was finished on the #hth ,july and printed on the #adth4 ,a ,french edition appeared at ,paris in #adhh1 and others in #adig1 etc4 ,footnote #bd3 ,an ,english translation by ,bryan ,anslay1 entitled ,the boke of the cyte of ,ladyes1 was printed at ,london1 #aeba4 ,footnote #be3 ,for the dedication to the ,dauphiness and the table of chapters see ,thomassy1 ,essai sur les crits politiques de ,christine de ,pisan1 #ahch1 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #bf3 ,printed by ,thomassy1 p4 #acc4 ,footnote #bg3 ,ibid41 p4 #ada4 ,footnote #bh3 ,for an analysis of its contents1 with extracts1 see ibid41 p4 #aej4 ,the ,dauphin ,louis was born in #acif and died in #adae4 ,footnote #bi3 ,see ,thomassy1 p4 xlii42 ,martin1 ,histoire de ,france1 #dth ed4 #ahgh1 vi4 p4 #aib4 ,it is dated #cast ,july1 #adbi1 a fortnight after the coronation of ,charles ,,vii4 at ,reims4 ,footnote #cj3 8,je ,christine1 qui ay plour xi4 ans en l'abbaye close40 ,it was perhaps the abbey of ,poissy1 of which her daughter was already an inmate in #adjj 7above1 p4 xiv471 and which may possibly be meant by 8,passy0 in the passage from the ,boke of ,noblesse quoted in a note on p4 xxxiii4 ,footnote #ca3 ,see below1 p4 xxxv4 ,footnote #cb3 ,koch1 p4 #ha4 ,louis was born #acth ,march1 #acgb4 ,footnote #cc3 ,robineau1 p4 #hi1 speaks as if it was addressed to ,charles himself1 but the words are 8,dorliens duc ,loys0 7see below1 p4 xxxvi474 ,footnote #cd3 ,see pp4 xxxiv41 xxxvii4 ,footnote #ce3 8,les enseignemens que je ,cristine donne a ,jehan de ,castel mon filz0 7uvres potiques1 ed4 ,roy1 iii4 p4 #bg74 ,footnote #cf3 ,see the comparative table in ,roy1 i4 p4 xxii4 ,footnote #cg3 ,this was first pointed out by the ,abb ,sallier1 ,mmoires de l',acadmie ,royale des ,inscriptions1 xvii4 #agea1 p4 #eah4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see articles by ,b4 ,haurau in ,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions1 xxx4 #ahhc1 p4 #de1 and by ,gaston ,paris in the ,histoire ,littraire de la ,france1 xxix4 #ahhe1 p4 #ejb4 ,footnote #ci3 ,guiffrey1 ,inventaires de ,jean1 ,duc de ,berry1 #ahid1 i4 p4 #bcg1 8escript en franois rim02 ,delisle1 ,le ,cabinet des ,,mss41 iii4 p4 #aib4 ,footnote #dj3 ,guiffrey1 i4 pp4 #bbf1 #bbi1 ii4 p4 #abg4 ,footnote #da3 ,romania1 xiv4 #ahhe1 p4 #a4 ,footnote #db3 ,de ,jong and ,de ,goeje1 ,catalogus codicum orientalium ,bibl4 ,acad4 ,lugd4 ,bat41 iii4 p4 #cdb2 ,brockelmann1 ,geschichte der ,arabischen ,literatur1 i4 p4 #dei4 ,footnote #dc3 ,salv4 de ,renzi1 ,collectio ,salernitana1 iii4 #ahed1 p4 #fi1 8,incipit liber philosophorum moralium 4444 quem transtulit de ,greco in ,latinum ,mag4 ,johannes de ,procida40 ,the ,latin text is quoted in the notes here from ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 the ,french text from ,royal ,,ms4 #ai ,b iv41 both of the #aeth century4 ,footnote #dd3 ,p4 ,paris1 ,les ,,mss4 franois de la ,bibl4 du ,roi1 v4 p4 #a4 ,footnote #de3 8,enprynted by me ,william ,caxton at ,westmestre the yere of our lord m4cccc4lxxvii40 ,a second edition appeared in #adhj 7871 and a third1 by ,w4 de ,worde1 in #aebh4 ,footnote #df3 ,thus1 the translator says in his preface1 8,and at the last ,i concluded in my self to translate it in to thenglyssh tong1 wiche in my jugement was not before10 and ,caxton adds in the colophon1 8,certaynly ,i had seen none in englissh til that tyme40 ,footnote #dg3 ,no doubt there is some rhetorical exaggeration in the expression 8othir straunge regions1 londes and contrees0 7p4 #b1 cf4 p4 xxx below72 at any rate1 there is no evidence that ,fastolf served anywhere but in ,france1 both north and south1 and in ,ireland4 ,footnote #dh3 ,in the colophon to the other work he is styled son-in-law1 but the meaning is the same4 ,footnote #di3 ,there is a good account of him in the ,dict4 of ,national ,biography1 vol4 xviii4 ,see also ,g4 ,poulett ,scrope1 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 #aheb1 ch4 vii4 p4 #afi4 ,besides other authorities given in the first-named work1 some further particulars and corrections are supplied in ,wylie's ,hist4 of ,england under ,henry ,,iv41 #ahhd-ahih1 and in ,sir ,j4 ,h4 ,ramsay's ,lancaster and ,york1 #ahib4 ,footnote #ej3 ,wylie1 iii4 p4 #afh4 ,footnote #ea3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #eb3 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #bhb4 ,footnote #ec3 ,wylie1 iv4 p4 #gd4 ,footnote #ed3 ,wylie1 iv4 p4 #hf4 ,footnote #ee3 ,the warrant for his pay1 #ahth ,june1 is in ,rymer's ,fdera1 ed4 #agdj1 iv4 pt4 ii4 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #ef3 ,according to the ,boke of ,noblesse 7see below1 p4 xliii471 p4 #ae1 8the seyd erle made ,ser ,john ,fastolfe1 chevaler1 his lieutenaunt with mlvc soudeours40 ,footnote #eg3 ,rymer1 iv4 pt4 ii4 p4 #aec4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biogr4 has #adag-ah4 ,footnote #eh3 ,the ,boke of ,noblesse1 after praising him for his care in provisioning his garrisons1 goes on to say 7p4 #fh71 8and that policie was one of the grete causes that the regent of ,fraunce and the lordes of the kyngys grete councelle lefft hym to hafe so many castells to kepe that he ledd yerly iiic sperys and the bowes40 ,the value of his foresight in this respect is then illustrated by an anecdote of what happened when the ,bastille was threatened with a siege in #adbj4 ,footnote #ei3 ,the ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biogr4 oddly calls the place ,mons6 ,footnote #fj3 ,act iii4 sc4 #b1 ll4 #ajd-aji2 ,act iv4 sc4 #a1 ll4 #i-dg4 ,footnote #fa3 ,paston ,letters1 i4 p4 #cg2 ,stevenson1 ,wars of the ,english in ,france1 ,rolls ,series1 ii4 pt4 ii4 p4 #edi4 ,footnote #fb3 ,stevenson1 pp4 #dcc1 #ege4 ,footnote #fc3 ,ramsay1 ,lancaster and ,york1 ii4 p4 #da4 ,footnote #fd3 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,add4 ch4 #ad1eih1 8pro notabili et laudabili seruicio ac bono consilio que predilectus consiliarius noster ,ioh4 ,fastolff miles nobis impendit et impendet in futurum10 #ab ,may1 #ai ,hen4 ,,vi4 ,the future service was no doubt to be rendered in the council-chamber rather than the field4 ,footnote #fe3 8,thus endeth the boke of ,tulle of olde age translated ont of latyn in to frenshe by laurence de primo facto 444 and enprynted by me symple persone ,william ,caxton in to ,englysshe 444 the xii day of ,august the yere of our lord m4cccc4lxxxi40 ,footnote #ff3 ,he was father of ,sir ,john ,paston1 for whom a copy of 8,othea0 was written in #adfi1 as well as of ,john ,paston the younger1 who owned a copy somewhat later 7see above1 p4 x74 ,footnote #fg3 ,see ,gairdner's introduction1 ed4 #ahif1 i4 p4 lxxxvii4 ,fastolf's relations with his stepson are also illustrated by numerous documents in ,g4 ,poulett ,scrope's ,history of ,castle ,combe1 where there are memoirs of both1 as lords of that manor4 ,footnote #fh3 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #bgi4 ,footnote #fi3 8,thorugh the wiche sale ,i tooke sekenesses that kept me a xiii4 or xiiii4 yere swyng1 whereby ,i am disfigured in my persone and shall be whilest ,i lyve0 7ibid474 ,footnote #gj3 ,from some curious accounts dealing with meat and fish in #adbg-h 7ibid4 p4 #bff7 he was perhaps in the commissariat service4 ,footnote #ga3 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #gb3 ,chroniques1 ed4 ,w4 ,hardy1 ,rolls ,series1 vol4 for #adbb-ca1 p4 #bhi4 ,elsewhere 7p4 #bed7 he describes him as 8moult sage et prudent aux armes au quel se fyoit grandement le duc de ,bethfort1 regent40 ,footnote #gc3 ,she was a second wife1 but the name of the first1 who bore him a daughter1 is not known 7,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #bga74 ,footnote #gd3 ,ibid41 p4 #bgf2 ,paston ,letters1 i4 p4 #cef4 ,footnote #ge3 ,ibid41 p4 #dai4 ,footnote #gf3 ,william ,paston to ,john ,paston3 8,he wyll dwelle at ,caster1 and ,skrop wyth hym0 7,paston ,letters1 i4 p4 #bif74 8,the chaumboure sumtyme for ,stephen ,scrope0 is mentioned in the inventory of ,fastolf's effects at ,caister made after his death 7ibid41 i4 p4 #dhb74 ,footnote #gg3 ,see below1 p4 xliii4 ,the note 7,roxburghe ,club ed4 p4 #ed7 runs1 8,notandum est quod ,cristina fuit domina prclara natu et moribus et manebat in domo religiosarum dominarum apud ,passye prope ,parys2 et ita virtuosa fuit quod ipsa exhibuit plures clericos studentes in vniuersitate ,parisiensi1 et compilare fecit plures libros virtuosos1 utpote librum arborum bellorum1 et doctores racione eorum exhibicionis attribuerunt nomen autoris ,cristine1 sed aliquando nomen autoris clerici studentis imponitur in diuersis libris2 et vixit circa annum ,christi #adcj1 sed floruit ab anno ,christi #adjj40 ,footnote #gh3 ,guiffrey1 ,inventaires1 i4 p4 #bdi2 cf4 ,delisle1 ,le ,cabinet des ,,mss41 iii4 p4 #aic1 no4 #bij4 ,footnote #gi3 ,in answer to an inquiry ,m4 ,omont1 keeper of ,,mss41 kindly states that only one of them1 fran4 #ab1dch1 a poor copy on paper1 contains a dedication to the ,duke of ,berry4 ,it begins 8,le ,prologue4 ,louenge ,dieu soit 4444 et aprs ensuivant trs noble fleur 4444 et puis vous excellant prince1 saige1 bon et vertueux1 ,jehan excellant1 redoubt filz au roy de ,france 4444 duc de ,berry10 etc4 ,footnote #hj3 ,the 8,cent ,balades d',amant et de ,dame0 7uvres ,potiques1 ed4 ,roy1 iii4 p4 #bji71 besides ten others4 ,footnote #ha3 ,printed by ,roy1 i4 p4 xiv4 ,the ,,ms4 is there described and compared with another rather earlier collection 7now ,bibl4 ,nat4 fran4 #hce1 #fjf1 #hcf1 #fje71 which the ,duke of ,berry bought from ,christine for #bjj crowns4 ,a reduced facsimile of the first page of the ,harley ,,ms41 with a large miniature of ,christine presenting the volume to the queen in her bedchamber1 is prefixed to ,roy's vol4 iii4 7cf4 a note by ,p4 ,meyer1 p4 xxii474 ,a coloured plate of the same miniature is given by ,shaw1 ,dresses and ,decorations of the ,middle ,ages1 #ahdc4 ,footnote #hb3 ,delisle1 ,le ,cabinet des ,,mss41 i4 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #hc3 ,this is the only edition in the ,british ,museum4 ,its second title runs3 ,lepistre de ,othea deesse de prudence enuoyee a lesperit cheualereux ,hector de troye auec cent hystoires4 ,nouuellement imprimee a ,paris4 ,other editions are said to have been issued at ,lyons in #adig and #aeai1 and at ,paris in #aebb4 ,footnote #hd3 ,both date and age were given on his tomb at ,bourges erected by ,charles ,,vii4 in #adeg 7,raynal1 ,histoire du ,berry1 #ahdd1 ii4 pp4 #ejd1 #eac2 ,champeaux and ,gauchery1 ,les ,travaux d'art executs pour ,jean de ,france1 ,duc de ,berry1 #ahid1 p4 #dc74 ,footnote #he3 ,ed4 #afdd1 p4 #bch4 ,bouchet was born in #adgf1 and his work first appeared in #aebd4 ,i owe the reference to it to ,mr4 ,wylie4 ,footnote #hf3 ,histoire du ,berry1 ii4 p4 #cge4 ,footnote #hg3 ,histoire de ,france1 #dth edition1 #ahgh1 vi4 p4 #be4 ,the most favourable view of his character is given by ,guiffrey1 ,inventaires1 p4 cxci4 ,footnote #hh3 8,now children of gramere scole conne no more ,frensch an can here lift heele 444 also gentil men habbe now moche yleft for to teche here childern ,freynsch0 7,r4 ,morris1 ,specimens of ,early ,english1 #ahfg1 p4 #cci74 ,see also the ,rolls ,series edition of ,higden1 ii4 p4 #afa1 where ,trevisa's text is taken from another ,,ms4 ,footnote #hi3 ,see ,chaucer's ,nonne ,prestes tale1 l4 #ad1 8,of poynant saws hir needide never a deel40 ,footnote #ij3 ,see above1 p4 xxxvi4 ,there is an imperfect copy of the ,english text in the ,british ,museum 7,c4 #ba4 a4 #cd74 ,footnote #ia3 ,h4 ,r4 ,plomer1 ,robert ,wyer1 printer and bookseller1 #ahig4 ,for an account of the woodcuts1 see p4 #i4 ,footnote #ib3 8,here endyth thys ,epistle1 undre correccion1 the xv4 day of ,june1 the yeere of ,crist ,mciiiiclxxv410 etc4 7p4 #he74 ,footnote #ic3 ,examples of his writing are fairly abundant1 e4g4 in the ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,mss4 ,cotton ,julius ,f4 vii41 ,royal #ac ,c4 i41 ,sloane #d and ,add4 #bg1ddc-d1 #bh1bjh1 #cd1hhh4 ,in ,sloane ,,ms4 #d1 f4 #ch;b1 he gives a curious account of ,fastolf's last illness4 ,footnote #id3 ,stevenson1 ,wars of the ,english in ,france1 vol4 ii4 pt4 ii4 pp4 #eai-gdb1 from ,lambeth ,,ms4 #ejf1 which is partly in ,worcester's own hand4 ,his ,annals1 extending from #acbd to #adfh1 are printed in the same volume1 p4 #gdc1 from the autograph ,,ms4 in the ,college of ,arms4 ,footnote #ie3 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #bhh4 ,footnote #if3 ,written about #ache and dedicated to ,charles ,,vi4 ,it was first printed at ,lyons about #adhj4 ,see the modern edition by ,e4 ,nys1 ,l',arbre de ,batailles1 ,brussels1 #ahhc4 ,footnote #ig3 ,the colophon of ,caxton's ,english version 7above1 p4 xvi47 points to the source of the misnomer3 8,thus endeth this boke whiche ,xpyne of ,pyse made and drewe out of the boke named ,vegecius de re militari and out of tharbre of bataylles40 ,christine in fact made use of ,bonet's work4 ,footnote #ih3 8,i may sey to you that ,william hath goon to scole to a ,lumbard called ,karoll ,giles1 to lern and to be red in poetre or els in ,frensh2 for he hath byn with the same ,caroll every dey ii4 tymes or iii4 and hath bought divers boks of hym10 ,h4 ,wyndesore to ,j4 ,paston1 #bgth ,aug4 #adeh 7,paston ,letters1 i4 p4 #dca74 ,footnote #ii3 ,paston ,letters1 i4 p4 cxiv42 ,hist4 of ,castle ,combe1 p4 #aid4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,ed4 ,j4 ,nasmith1 #aggh1 p4 #cfh1 8#adgc1 die #aj ,aug4 presentavi ,w4 episcopo ,wyntoniensi apud ,asher librum ,tullii de ,senectute per me translatum in anglicis1 sed nullum regardum recepi de episcopo40 ,footnote #aja3 ,for this dedication1 addressed by the translator1 ,stephen ,scrope1 to his stepfather1 ,sir ,john ,fastolf1 see the ,introduction4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,sc4 worldly4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,sc4 old4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,so the ,,ms41 but ,john1 ,duke of ,berry1 was born #cjth ,november1 #acdj1 and died #aeth ,june1 #adaf4 ,footnote #aje3 ,the mythical ,hermes ,trismegistus4 ,the citations from these and other less well known philosophers were taken by ,christine de ,pisan from ,guillaume de ,tignonville's 8,les dis moraulx des ,philosophes10 which ,scrope himself translated into ,english 7see ,introduction74 8,salomon0 here represents the 8,salon0 or 8,zalon10 sc4 ,solon1 of the original4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,sc4 thee1 which is spelt 8the0 throughout4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,this parentage is explained further on1 pp4 #bb1 #bd4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,sc4 ,heir2 ,feyre ,,ms42 ,hoir1 ,h4 ,footnote #aji3 ,affin que ton bon cuer sadrece1 ,h4 ,the translator no doubt read 8tout bon cur40 ,footnote #aaj3 ,qui de tous vaillans est ame1 ,h4 ,pegasus is explained below 7p4 #ae7 as meaning 8a goode name1 the which flyeth through the eyre40 ,footnote #aaa3 ,sc4 thee1 whole and sum2 me doit il de toy souuenir1 ,h4 ,footnote #aab3 ,et que tu me vueilles bien croire1 ,h4 ,footnote #aac3 ,sagesse de femme1 ,h4 ,footnote #aad3 ,thas1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #aae3 ,greke1 ,,ms42 ,troye la grant1 ,h4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,la belle ieunece1 ,h4 ,footnote #aag3 ,par les agais et assaulx1 ,h4 ,footnote #aah3 ,beatitude1 ,h4 ,footnote #aai3 ,sc4 considering that4 ,footnote #abj3 ,kynges1 ,,ms42 toutes choses terrestres1 ,h4 ,footnote #aba3 ,thesceyvable1 ,,ms41 with 8de0 interlined4 ,footnote #abb3 ,de ,singularitate ,clericorum1 attributed to ,cyprian and ,origen as well as to ,st4 ,augustine 7,migne1 ,patrologia ,latina1 iv4 col4 #hce74 ,the passage runs 7col4 #hff73 8,ubicumque fuerit providentia1 frustrantur universa contraria2 ubi autem providentia negligitur1 omnia contraria dominantur40 ,footnote #abc3 ,cesser et anientir1 ,h4 ,footnote #abd3 ,prov4 ii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,this and other quotations from the ,vulgate are supplied from the ,french text1 being omitted by the translator1 possibly with the intention of filling them in from the ,wycliffite ,english version4 ,footnote #abe3 ,de vaillance cheualereuse1 ,h4 ,footnote #abf3 ,seur germaine1 ,h4 ,footnote #abg3 ,sc4 the leaf of a leek2 ,car selle nen faisoit le pois1 ,tout ne te vauldroit pas vn pois1 ,h4 ,footnote #abh3 ,serour1 ,h4 ,footnote #abi3 ,democritus1 ,h4 ,footnote #acj3 ,de limiter les choses1 ,h4 ,footnote #aca3 ,ou liure des meurs de leglise1 que loffice dattrempance est reffraindre et appaisier les meurs de concupiscence1 ,h4 ,the repetition of 8meurs0 caused the translator to omit some words4 ,the reference is to the treatise 8,de moribus ecclesi catholic10 i4 #ai 7,migne1 xxxii4 #acbf74 ,footnote #acb3 #a ,pet4 ii4 #aa4 ,footnote #acc3 ,sc4 war1 cf4 next line2 where1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #acd3 ,sur la mer de ,grece1 ,h4 ,footnote #ace3 ,maystyr1 ,,ms42 mestier1 ,h4 ,footnote #acf3 ,sc4 by ,cerberus4 ,footnote #acg3 ,qui trop sont desloyaulx gaignons1 ,h4 ,footnote #ach3 ,see below1 p4 #da4 ,footnote #aci3 ,sc4 on earth4 ,footnote #adj3 ,aux lyons ne aux ours rampans1 ,h4 ,footnote #ada3 ,sc4 allege1 take example from2 ,et pour donner materiel exemple de force1 allegue ,hercules1 ,h4 ,footnote #adb3 ,sc4 high2 by1 ,,ms2 hault exemple1 ,h4 ,footnote #adc3 ,sc4 fought4 ,footnote #add3 ,a leaf is here missing from the ,,ms4 ,footnote #ade3 ,the complete 8texte0 in ,h4 runs3-- ,encor se veulx estre des noz1 ,ressembler te couuient ,minos1 ,tout soit il iusticier et maistres ,denfer et de tous li estres4 ,car se tu te veulx auancier1 ,estre te couuient iusticier1 ,autrement de porter heaume ,nes digne ne tenir royaume4 ,footnote #adf3 ,en ,crete1 ,h4 ,footnote #adg3 ,fierte1 ,h4 ,footnote #adh3 ,de adventu ,domini ,sermo iii4 7,migne1 clxxxiii4 #de71 but the passage is not literally translated4 ,footnote #adi3 ,sa non puissance1 ,h4 ,footnote #aej3 ,chastisyng in chastisyng1 ,,ms42 garde et discipline1 garde en le gardant de mal faire et discipline en le chastiant se il a mal fait1 ,h4 ,footnote #aea3 ,prov4 xxi4 #ab1 #ae4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,apres te mire en ,perseus1 ,h41 and so below2 cf4 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv41 #faj sq4 ,footnote #aec3 ,belue1 ,h42 monstre1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #aed3 ,chose couuenable1 ,h4 ,footnote #aee3 ,sc4 won2 il acquist1 ,h4 ,footnote #aef3 ,sc4 should have2 deuourer la deuoit1 ,h4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,sc4 flyeth2 qui vole1 ,h4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,many1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #aei3 ,omitted in ,,ms42 le porte1 ,h4 ,footnote #afj3 ,sermo ccclv41 de vita et moribus clericorum 7,migne1 xxxix4 #aefi74 ,footnote #afa3 ,a bien viure1 ,h4 ,footnote #afb3 ,pour soy1 ,h42 conscientia tibi1 fama proximo tuo1 ,s4 ,aug4 ,the translator evidently read 8foy40 ,footnote #afc3 ,eccl4 xli4 #ae4 ,footnote #afd3 ,sc4 the planet ,jupiter2 ,joyus1 ,,ms42 de iouis les condicions1 ,h4 ,footnote #afe3 ,jbir ibn ,aflah1 an ,arab astronomer of uncertain date1 whose work on ,astronomy was published in ,latin1 in nine books1 at ,nuremberg in #aecd4 ,a #aeth century ,,ms4 of it is in the ,british ,museum1 ,harley ,,ms4 #fbe4 ,footnote #aff3 ,perhaps ,nicholas of ,lynne1 a ,carmelite who lived in the latter part of the #adth century1 and whose astronomical tables were used by ,chaucer in his 8,astrolabe40 ,among other works he wrote tracts 8de natura ,zodiaci0 and 8de ,planetarum domibus0 7,tanner1 ,bibliotheca1 p4 #cdf74 ,footnote #afg3 ,et est figuree a la compleccion sanguine1 ,h4 ,footnote #afh3 ,sc4 ,pythagoras4 ,footnote #afi3 ,doulce et humaine1 ,h4 ,footnote #agj3 ,a ,nepocian1 ,h4 ,the passage does not appear to be among the works of ,st4 ,gregory1 nor in ,st4 ,jerome's epistle to ,nepotianus4 ,footnote #aga3 ,matt4 v4 #g4 ,footnote #agb3 ,traueilleux1 ,h4 ,footnote #agc3 ,sc4 ,hermes ,trismegistus4 ,footnote #agd3 ,an unintelligible corruption2 fist lange deuenir deable1 ,h4 and other ,fr4 ,,mss42 doth make the aungell to become a devyll1 ,wyer2 superbia est per quam angelus cecidit1 per quam ,adam de natur su dignitate dejectus est1 ,cass4 ,exp4 in ,psalterium 7,migne1 lxx4 #hdc74 ,footnote #age3 ,tethe1 ,,ms42 la mort1 ,h4 ,footnote #agf3 ,sc4 vein2 la veine1 ,h4 ,footnote #agg3 ,ps4 xxx4 #g4 ,footnote #agh3 ,sc4 drove2 le desherita et chaca1 ,h4 ,footnote #agi3 ,sc4 ere2 peser la chose ains quil donne1 ,h4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,ye1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #aha3 ,sc4 note2 peuent notter tous sages1 ,h4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,moralia1 xxvii4 #c 7,migne1 lxxvi4 #dja74 ,footnote #ahc3 ,ps4 xviii4 #aj4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,no such work appears under the name of ,cassiodorus4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,esdras iii4 #ab4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,the translator1 not ,christine de ,pisan1 is responsible for making ,phbe masculine4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,ep4 ad ,simplicianum 7,migne1 xvi4 #ajhe74 ,footnote #ahh3 ,ne se plunge point1 ,h42 non tristibus mergitur1 ,st4 ,ambr4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,eccl4 xxvii4 #ab4 ,footnote #aij3 ,folowynge1 ,,ms4 ,there is some confusion here in the translation1 cf4 en ce monde et que le bon esperit par son exemple pot bien ensuiuir son bon pere ,ihesu ,crist et batailler contre les vices1 ,h4 ,footnote #aia3 ,ephes4 vi4 #ab4 ,footnote #aib3 ,soyes aourne de faconde1 ,h4 ,the translator seems to have misinterpreted 8faconde10 eloquence1 speech1 as 8falchion40 ,footnote #aic3 ,sc4 old2 ce tapprendra ,mercurius1 ,h4 ,footnote #aid3 ,qui vont deuant1 ,h4 ,footnote #aie3 ,luke x4 #af4 ,footnote #aif3 ,sc4 ,by thy mother enough shall be assigned to thee2 te liurera assez ta mere1 ,h4 ,the ,,ms4 reads 8modus10 and in the next line 8bater0 7amere1 ,h474 ,footnote #aig3 ,cuir-bouilli1 leather boiled and moulded1 while soft1 into the required shape4 ,footnote #aih3 ,no exposition of the ,creed appears among the works of ,cassiodorus4 ,footnote #aii3 ,sc4 light2 lumiere1 ,h4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,hebr4 xi4 #f4 ,footnote #bja3 ,sittyng1 ,,ms41 and so also below4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,there seems to be some confusion here between ,pallas the goddess and ,pallas son of ,lycaon and reputed founder of ,pallantium1 in ,arcadia4 ,footnote #bjc3 8 join2 il doit aiouster sagece a cheualerie1 ,h4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,the whiche vertue1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bje3 ,hebrews vi4 #ah4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,sc4 ,penthesileia1 queen of the ,amazons4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,dont si noble voix est semee1 ,h4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,sic1 the first letter being of course the ,fr4 8d'40 ,footnote #bji3 ,expos4 in ,ps4 xii4 7,migne1 lxx4 #ajj74 ,footnote #baj3 ,soubz la quelle pluye germe la bonne voulente1 ,h4 ,footnote #baa3 ,inimicis benevola1 bonis suis superans malos1 ,cass4 ,footnote #bab3 #a ,corinth1 xiii4 #d4 ,footnote #bac3 ,narcissus1 whose story is in ,ovid1 ,met4 iii4 #cda sq4 ,footnote #bad3 ,se esleua en si grant orgueil1 ,h4 ,footnote #bae3 ,cest a entendre loultrecuidance de lui meisme ou il se mira1 ,h4 ,footnote #baf3 ,thi1 ,,ms42 est sa vie contenue1 ,h4 ,the translator seems to have read 8toute nue40 ,footnote #bag3 ,job xx4 #f1 #g4 ,footnote #bah3 ,wrongly translated4 ,h4 reads3 ,athamas plain de grant rage ,la deesse de forcennage ,fist estrangler ces 7sc4 ses7 4ii4 enfans4 ,pour ce grant yre te deffens4 ,the story 7,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #dbj sq471 which is introduced again further on 7p4 #aab71 is much confused here4 ,it is briefly as follows4 ,athamas by command of ,hera married the divine ,nephele1 and had by her ,phrixus and ,helle4 ,he was1 however1 more enamoured of ,ino1 who bore to him ,learchus and ,melicertes4 ,nephele in her anger having returned to heaven1 ,ino tried to get rid of her rival's children4 ,for this purpose she caused a famine by roasting the seed-corn before it was sown1 and then bribed the messengers whom ,athamas sent to ,delphi for an oracle to bring back word that ,phrixus must be sacrificed4 ,nephele1 however1 carried off ,phrixus and his sister on the ram with the golden fleece1 while ,athamas1 driven mad by ,hera1 killed his son ,learchus1 and ,ino threw herself into the sea with ,melicertes4 ,footnote #bai3 ,sc4 sodden2 semer le ble cuit1 ,h4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,hys1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bba3 ,he1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,yno1 ,,ms42 la deesse iuno1 ,h4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,a hole in the roof for the escape of smoke1 here perhaps used for the hearth2 le sueil1 ,h4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,sic1 meaning apparently 8warring02 but from the reading in ,h41 8a pou ne se entretuoyent10 it is perhaps a mistake for 8near-hand10 sc4 nearly1 almost4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,quant la deesse virent tant espouentable1 ,h4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,sic ira corrumpit cor1 si in alium diem duraverit1 ,s4 ,aug4 ,epist4 ccx4 7,migne1 xxxiii4 #ieh74 ,footnote #bbg3 ,ephes4 iv4 #bf4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,aglauros or ,agraulos1 daughter of ,cecrops4 ,hermes changed her into a stone for barring his access to her sister ,herse 7,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #gcg sq474 ,footnote #bbi3 ,dey1 ,,ms42 seche1 ,h4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,sic1 probably for 8too feloun a spotte02 trop est villeine tache et contre gentillece1 ,h4 ,footnote #bca3 ,de ,genesi ad litteram1 xi4 #ac 7,migne1 xxxiv4 #dcf74 ,footnote #bcb3 ,eccl4 xiv4 #h1 but the ,vulg4 has 8lividi40 ,footnote #bcc3 ,no1 ,,ms42 ne soyes pas lonc ne prolice1 ,h4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,for1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bce3 ,sc4 the eye of ,polyphemus4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,bedeisus1 ,,ms42 no doubt a corruption of 8,bede sur les ,prouerbes10 ,h4 ,the reference is apparently to ,bede's ,expositio super ,parabolas1 ii4 #bj 7,migne1 xci4 #iie74 ,footnote #bcg3 ,prov4 xxi4 #e4 ,footnote #bch3 ,sc4 frogs4 ,this story of ,latona is from ,ovid1 ,met4 vi4 #cac sq4 ,footnote #bci3 ,cuidoit1 ,h4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,palu1 ,h2 maresse1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #bda3 ,perhaps in error for ,st4 ,bernard1 ,liber de modo bene vivendi1 xliv4 7,migne1 clxxxiv4 #abff74 ,footnote #bdb3 ,eccl4 xiv4 #i4 ,footnote #bdc3 ,sc4 manners2 car ses condicions sont ordes1 ,h4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,sc4 ,hippocrates1 whose 8dictum0 was that 8sanitas consistit 4444 non in replendo corpus cibis et potibus0 7,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #aa74 ,footnote #bde3 ,moralia1 xxx4 #ah 7,migne1 lxxvi4 #eef74 ,footnote #bdf3 ,philipp1 iii4 #ai4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,the scene of the story was in ,cyprus4 ,cidonie 7,cydonie1 ,h47 apparently comes from a misunderstanding of ,ovid1 who says of ,pygmalion1 8,collocat hanc stratis concha ,sidonide tinctis0 7,met4 x4 #bfg74 ,footnote #bdh3 ,en ot pitie4 ,h4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,omitted in ,,ms42 plusieurs1 ,h4 ,footnote #bej3 ,que il en lait a suiure1 ,h42 leue to ensue1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #bea3 ,apthalin1 ,h42 but it is doubtful who is meant4 ,the name occurs in the 8,dicta ,philosophorum10 but not with this 8dictum40 ,footnote #beb3 #b ,pet4 ii4 #ac4 ,footnote #bec3 ,the assignment of a particular clause in the ,creed to each of the ,apostles appears in a sermon printed among the spurious works of ,st4 ,augustine 7,migne1 xxxix4 #baij74 ,footnote #bed3 ,to1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bee3 ,sc4 to plough4 ,footnote #bef3 ,car deuant semoient les gainages sans labourer1 ,h4 8,gaineyer0 is for 8gaigneur10 a husbandman4 ,footnote #beg3 ,lawde1 ,,ms42 ainsi que la terre est abandonnee et large donnarresse1 ,h4 ,footnote #beh3 ,qui tant nous a largement donne de ses haulx biens1 ,h4 ,footnote #bei3 ,isis1 in her original character as wife of ,osiris and inventor of the cultivation of corn4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,toutes vertus antes et plantes ,en toy1 comme ,ysis fait les plantes ,et tous les grains fructifier2 ,ainsi dois tu ediffier4 ,so ,h41 where 8antes10 sc4 antez1 entez1 is from 8enter1 placer1 faire entrer0 7,godefroy1 s4v474 ,footnote #bfa3 ,sc4 ,hermes4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,what1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,vn roy1 ,h4 ,footnote #bfd3 ,oan1 ,,ms41 and so below4 ,footnote #bfe3 ,pastours1 ,h4 ,footnote #bff3 ,sc4 mole2 comme la tauppe1 ,h4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,lierres1 sc4 larron1 ,h4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,and nede1 ,,ms42 au besoing1 ,h4 ,footnote #bfi3 ,sc4 ,theseus and ,peirithous1 who invaded the lower world in order to carry off ,persephone4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,there is some confusion in this passage2 se ,hercules1 qui leur compaignon yere1 ne les eust secourus1 qui tant y fist1 etc41 ,h4 ,footnote #bga3 ,sc4 chains2 chayennes1 ,h4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,sc4 ,cadmus1 who founded ,thebes and slew the dragon which guarded the neighbouring well of ,ares1 and who also invented letters4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,sc4 won2 gaigna1 ,h4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,lestude y mist1 ,h4 ,footnote #bge3 ,plus quen nulle autre auoir1 ,h4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,et du bien largement y prendre1 ,h4 ,the strange word 8theryng0 is probably nothing more than 8therein40 ,footnote #bgg3 ,see ,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #ehc sq4 ,the source of the statement that ,io invented letters is doubtful4 ,possibly it rests only on the two lines 7ib4 #fdi73 ,littera pro verbis quam pes in pulvere duxit ,corporis indicium mutati triste peregit4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,les vertus de iupiter1 ,h4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,tho1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,sc4 note4 ,footnote #bha3 ,sc4 cloud2 en vne nue1 ,h4 ,footnote #bhb3 ,sc4 with2 surprendre ou fait1 ,h4 ,footnote #bhc3 ,sc4 watched2 la gaitoit1 ,h4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,sc4 through4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,sc4 ,pyrrhus4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,which1 ,,ms42 vn sage1 ,h4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,sc4 gods2 les dieux1 ,h4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,a wrong translation2 tres louable chose est seruir dieu et sainctifier ses sains1 ,h42 tous ses sens humains1 ,g4 de ,tign4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,atropos1 one of the ,fates1 here represented as masculine2 a ,atropos et a son dart1 ,h4 ,footnote #bij3 ,tout crestien1 ,h4 ,footnote #bia3 ,the1 ,,ms42 la prouision1 ,h4 ,footnote #bib3 ,bellerophon1 whose story is here confused with that of ,hippolytus by making ,anteia his stepmother4 ,footnote #bic3 ,il mieulx ama eslire la mort1 ,h4 ,footnote #bid3 ,decre1 ,,ms42 latrie1 ,h42 latria1 ,wyer2 eo ritu ac servitute qu grce dicitur et uni vero ,deo debetur1 ,aug4 de ,civitate ,dei1 vi4 prf4 7,migne1 xli4 #agc74 ,footnote #bie3 ,matt4 iv4 #aj4 ,footnote #bif3 ,memnon1 the ,ethiopian1 whose father ,tithonus was half-brother to ,priam1 being son of ,laomedon by a different mother4 ,footnote #big3 ,leust occis1 ,h4 ,footnote #bih3 ,trwee1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #bii3 8,rabion0 in the 8,dicta ,philosophorum0 7,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #i;b71 where the sentence is 8,multiplica amicos qui sunt medicamina animarum40 ,the ,museum ,,mss4 of ,g4 de ,tignonville's ,french version and of the ,english versions of ,earl ,rivers and ,scrope read 8,sabion0 or 8,zabion40 ,footnote #cjj3 ,cf4 ,sermo clxxx4 7,migne1 xxxviii4 #igb74 ,footnote #cja3 ,sc4 false4 ,footnote #cjb3 ,exod4 xx4 #g4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,sc4 menacings2 de grant menace1 nyce et fole1 ,h4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,et en ,leomedon te mire1 ,h4 ,footnote #cje3 ,enuoya messages laidement congeer1 ,h4 ,the word 8bostus0 is apparently connected with 8bost1 boast10 meaning 8boastful0 or 8threatening40 ,footnote #cjf3 ,sc4 well weighed2 moult pesee1 ,h4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,et brisier commandement soit autressi oultrecuidance1 ,h4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,isai4 i4 #af1 #ag4 ,footnote #cji3 ,les palais des parens1 ,h4 ,footnote #caj3 ,sc4 cracked2 creuee1 ,h4 ,footnote #caa3 ,sc4 brightness2 la leur1 ,h4 ,footnote #cab3 ,le mordant de sa ceinture ficha par la creueure1 ,h4 ,footnote #cac3 ,vn morier blanc1 ,h41 sc4 a white mulberry1 cf4 ,arbor ibi1 niveis uberrima pomis1 ,ardua morus1 erat1 ,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #hi4 ,footnote #cad3 ,these words are at the bottom of f4 #cd;b1 after which there is a lacuna of a whole quire4 ,the story in ,h4 goes on 8le lyon qui sus ot vomy lentraille dune beste quil ot deuouree4 ,oultre mesure fu grande la douleur de ,piramus1 qui cuida samie deuouree des fieres bestes2 donc apres moult piteux reclaims soccist de son espee4 ,tisbee sailli du buisson1 mais quant elle entent les sanglos de son ami qui mouroit et elle voit lespee et le sanc1 adonc par grant douleur sus son ami chay1 qui a elle parler ne pot1 et apres plusieurs grans plains1 regrais et pasmoisons soccist de la mesmes espee40 ,the mythological personages dealt with in the missing pages are sculapius1 ,achilles1 ,busiris1 ,leander1 ,helen1 ,aurora1 ,pasiphae1 ,adrastus1 ,cupid1 ,corinis1 and ,juno4 ,footnote #cae3 ,the preceding 8texte0 and 8glose0 in ,h4 are as follows3-- ,de ,iuno ia trop ne te chaille1 ,se le noyel mieulx que leschaille ,donneur desires a auoir1 ,car mieulx vault proece quauoir4 ,iuno est la deesse dauoir selon les fables des poetes1 et pour ce que auoir et richece couuient auoir et acquerir a grant soing et traueil et que tel soing peut destourner a honneur acquerre et comme honneur et vaillance soit plus louable que richeces de tant comme la noyel vault mieulx que leschaille1 etc4 ,footnote #caf3 ,slelle1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cag3 ,sc4 one hump on the back4 ,footnote #cah3 ,matt4 xix4 #bd4 ,footnote #cai3 ,amphiaraus1 hero and seer1 joint king of ,argos with ,adrastus1 whose sister ,eriphyle he married4 ,against his own opinion he was induced by his wife to join the expedition of the ,seven against ,thebes4 ,footnote #cbj3 ,sc4 ,solon1 but the sentence is not under his name in the 8,dicta ,philosophorum40 ,footnote #cba3 ,what ,st4 ,gregory really says is1 8,sicut carni vestr1 ne deficiat1 cibos quotidie prbetis1 sic mentis vestr quotidiana alimenta bona sunt opera4 ,cibo corpus pascitur1 pio opere spiritus nutriatur10 ,hom4 v4 in ,evang4 7,migne1 lxxvi4 #ajib74 ,footnote #cbb3 ,worde ye here the which1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cbc3 ,matt4 iv4 #d4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,see p4 #ai4 ,footnote #cbe3 ,ne chose dont vn puist presumer folie1 ,h4 ,footnote #cbf3 ,sc4 discretion2 lente de parler1 ,h4 ,footnote #cbg3 ,couuercle1 ,h4 ,footnote #cbh3 ,fro1 ,,ms42 qui garde sa lengue il garde son ame1 car la mort et la vie sont en la puissance de la lengue1 ,h4 ,footnote #cbi3 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #ad4 ,footnote #ccj3 ,the 8texte0 in ,h4 is3-- ,croy la corneille et son conseil4 ,jamais ne soyes en esueil ,de male nouuelle apporter2 ,le plus seur est sen depporter4 ,footnote #cca3 ,he1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ccb3 ,hym1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ccc3 ,literally translated1 this sentence should read3 8,but she 7the crow7 dissuaded him from going by giving him an example of herself1 who for a like case had been driven from the house of ,pallas10 etc4 ,see ,ovid1 ,met4 ii4 #edb4 ,footnote #ccd3 ,se espart1 ,h4 ,footnote #cce3 ,prov4 ii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,footnote #ccf3 ,which1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ccg3 ,ganymedes was son of ,tros and brother of ,ilus and ,assaracus4 ,his well-known story is here confused with that of ,hyacinthus1 who was accidentally killed in a game of discus with ,apollo 7,ovid1 ,met4 x4 #ahd74 ,footnote #cch3 ,prov4 xxiv4 #f4 ,footnote #cci3 ,sc4 sheep4 ,footnote #cdj3 ,sc4 wholly2 du tout1 ,h4 ,footnote #cda3 ,descongnoissant et desloyaulx a celle qui trop de bien lui ot fait1 ,h4 ,footnote #cdb3 ,comme vn vent sec1 ,h4 ,footnote #cdc3 ,sap4 xvi4 #bi4 ,footnote #cdd3 ,hym1 ,,ms42 ne la regardes1 ,h4 ,footnote #cde3 ,perseus1 ,h4 ,footnote #cdf3 ,elsewhere it is ,poseidon who was ,medusa's lover--,hanc pelagi rector templo vitiasse ,minerv ,dicitur 7,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #gig74 ,her hair alone was changed into serpents4 ,footnote #cdg3 ,his his1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cdh3 8,holy chirche0 is the translator's addition1 not being in ,h4 ,footnote #cdi3 ,le pouoir de plus mal faire1 ,h4 ,footnote #cej3 ,he holde1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cea3 ,sc4 shield4 ,footnote #ceb3 ,crisostome1 ,h4 and other ,fr4 ,,mss4 ,footnote #cec3 ,comme cest impossible que le feu arde en leaue1 aussi est ce impossible que compunccion1 etc41 ,h4 ,the translator's omission of the words in brackets was no doubt due to the repetition of 8impossible que40 ,footnote #ced3 ,ps4 cxxv4 7cxxvi47 #e4 ,this is the only instance in which the quotation at the end of an allegory is filled in4 ,footnote #cee3 ,es liens ,vulcanus et surpris1 ,h4 ,footnote #cef3 ,that at1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ceg3 iio 7sc4 two1 deux71 ,,ms42 ala querre les autres dieux1 ,h4 ,footnote #ceh3 ,que tel sen rioit1 qui bien voulsist en semblable meffait estre encheut1 ,h4 ,footnote #cei3 ,darguemie1 sc4 alchemy1 ,h4 ,footnote #cfj3 ,read 8,but to our purpose it seith40 ,the translator has misread 8,mais0 in the original as 8,mars02 mais a nostre propos veult dire1 ,h4 ,footnote #cfa3 ,que en tel cas ne soit surpris par oubli1 ,h4 ,footnote #cfb3 ,sc4 love4 ,footnote #cfc3 ,myght1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cfd3 ,coniecture1 ,h4 ,footnote #cfe3 #a ,pet4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #cff3 ,tomyris1 queen1 not of the ,amazons or 8,femeny10 but of the ,scythian ,massaget 7,herod4 i4 #bje74 ,footnote #cfg3 ,despris1 sc4 mpris1 ,h4 ,footnote #cfh3 ,sc4 ambushments4 ,footnote #cfi3 ,ne hayr1 ,h4 ,footnote #cgj3 ,de coenobiorum institutis1 xii4 #ca 7,migne4 xlix4 #dgb74 ,footnote #cga3 ,eccl4 iii4 #bj4 ,footnote #cgb3 ,ne laisses ton sens auorter1 ,h4 ,footnote #cgc3 ,sanuie 7sc4 s'ennuie7 tost1 ,h4 ,footnote #cgd3 ,prov4 xxix4 #ae1 somewhat corrupted in ,h4 ,footnote #cge3 ,sc4 mad1 furious2 du geant enragez1 ,h4 ,footnote #cgf3 ,the story was that ,acis1 son of ,faunus1 was beloved by the nymph ,galatea1 and that the ,cyclop ,polyphemus1 furious with jealousy1 crushed him beneath a huge rock 7,ovid1 ,met4 xiii4 #gej74 ,footnote #cgg3 ,qui ,acis estoit nommez1 ,h4 ,the mistranslation in the text is inexplicable4 ,footnote #cgh3 ,adonc fu le geant surpris de soubdaine rage et tellement escroula la roche que tout en fu ,axis acrauentez 7sc4 ecras1 bris71 ,h4 ,footnote #cgi3 ,nymphe1 ,h4 ,footnote #chj3 ,se ficha en la mer1 ,h4 ,footnote #cha3 ,sap4 v4 #i4 ,footnote #chb3 ,peleus1 to whose marriage with ,thetis all the gods were invited except ,eris or ,discord4 ,footnote #chc3 ,for his judgment see below1 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #chd3 ,sc4 then2 adonc1 ,h4 ,footnote #che3 ,sc4 weaning2 a qui il cuidoit estre filz1 ,h4 ,footnote #chf3 ,qui conduisoit les dames1 ,h4 ,footnote #chg3 ,sc4 hates2 ou croiscent les haynes1 ,h4 ,footnote #chh3 ,cassiodore sus le ,psaultier1 ,h4 ,footnote #chi3 ,rom4 xiii4 #ac4 ,footnote #cij3 ,iff thou aniy1 ,,ms42 ,sc4 tu las a qui que soit fait1 ,h4 ,footnote #cia3 ,see above1 p4 #ea4 ,footnote #cib3 ,lawde1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #cic3 ,sc4 avenged4 ,footnote #cid3 ,joel ii4 #ac4 ,footnote #cie3 ,damours affoles1 ,h4 ,footnote #cif3 ,semele1 whom ,hera deceived in the form of her old nurse ,beroe 7,ovid1 ,met4 iii4 #bfj74 ,footnote #cig3 ,ne perceyued1 ,,ms4 ,the translator misunderstood the original1 cf4 dist a celle1 qui garde ne sen prenoit de la deceuance1 que de rien ne sestoit ancore apperceue de lamour1 mais quant elle seroit auecques lui1 etc41 ,h4 ,footnote #cih3 ,la voulsist accoller1 ,h4 ,footnote #cii3 ,of hir1 ,,ms42 de feu1 ,h4 ,footnote #djj3 ,ou liure des brebis1 ,h41 ,sc4 ,sermo xlvii4 de ovibus1 in ,ezech4 xxxiv4 #ag-ca 7,migne1 xxxviii4 #cjc74 ,footnote #dja3 ,a noz freres enfermes1 ,h42 infirmo fratri1 ,st4 ,aug4 ,footnote #djb3 ,tit4 ii4 #g4 ,footnote #djc3 ,prov4 xxxi4 #bg4 ,footnote #djd3 ,thereoff1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dje3 ,arachne1 who challenged ,athena to compete with her in weaving and was changed by the goddess into a spider 7,ovid1 ,met4 vi4 #a-ade74 ,footnote #djf3 ,the1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #djg3 ,sap4 v4 #h4 ,footnote #djh3 ,sc4 ,adonis4 ,footnote #dji3 ,vn damoisel moult cointe1 ,h4 ,footnote #daj3 ,according to the 8,dicta ,philosophorum0 ,sedechias 8primus fuit per quem nutu ,dei lex precepta fuit et sapientia intellecta0 7,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #a74 ,footnote #daa3 #b ,pet4 ii4 #ai4 ,footnote #dab3 ,apoc4 xiii4 #g4 ,footnote #dac3 ,de lagait 7l'agait1 sc4 ruse1 artifice71 ,h4 ,the translator seems to have read 8la gent40 ,footnote #dad3 ,luke xi4 #ba4 ,footnote #dae3 ,to follow8 ,dinstrumens suiure nas mestier1 ,h4 ,footnote #daf3 ,sc4 running2 courans1 ,h4 ,footnote #dag3 ,sc4 fierce2 fiers1 ,h4 ,footnote #dah3 ,et moins sent les molestes dauarice qui ne voit point les riches du monde1 ,h4 ,footnote #dai3 ,ps4 ci4 #h4 ,footnote #dbj3 ,apulia and ,calabria4 ,footnote #dba3 ,this is an assumption from the fact that the ,greek colonies of ,south ,italy had the name of ,magna ,grcia4 ,hellas originally was the district of ,phthiotis in ,thessaly1 where the ,myrmidones dwelt4 ,footnote #dbb3 ,especes1 ,h42 quatuor sunt species quibus omnis tumor arrogantium demonstratur1 ,s4 ,greg4 ,moralia1 xxiii4 #f 7,migne1 lxxvi4 #beh74 ,footnote #dbc3 ,prov4 viii4 #ac4 ,footnote #dbd3 ,acton1 changed into a stag by ,artemis 7,ovid1 ,met4 iii4 #aee74 ,footnote #dbe3 ,nymphes1 ,h4 ,footnote #dbf3 ,ignorence1 ,h41 and so the 8,dis des ,philosophes40 ,footnote #dbg3 ,matt4 iii4 #b4 ,footnote #dbh3 ,see above1 p4 #gd4 ,footnote #dbi3 ,either ,charon is meant1 or ,acheron1 as the eponym of the river of ,hades so named4 ,footnote #dcj3 ,miraculeuse ne merueillable qui est appelle tempter ,dieu1 ,h4 ,footnote #dca3 ,jas4 iv4 #c4 ,footnote #dcb3 ,sc4 assay1 test2 ,lessay con fist a ,achilles1 ,h4 ,footnote #dcc3 ,en labbaye la deesse ,vesta1 ,h4 ,footnote #dcd3 ,pyrrhus1 his son by ,deidameia1 daughter of ,lycomedes of ,scyros4 ,footnote #dce3 ,aneles1 guimphes1 conroyes et de tous ioyaulx1 ,h42 quayntyses1 prety japes and jewelles1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #dcf3 ,make1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dcg3 ,cointeries mignotes1 ,h4 ,footnote #dch3 ,leginon1 ,h42 ,longinon1 ,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #ea;b2 ,loginon1 ,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #fj4 ,footnote #dci3 ,le vaillant nest conqneu que en guerre1 ,g4 de ,tign4 7,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #fd74 ,footnote #ddj3 ,attendent la gloire pardurable en loyer1 ,h4 ,footnote #dda3 #b ,paralip4 xv4 #g4 ,footnote #ddb3 ,sc4 fairies2 vne nymphe1 ,h4 ,footnote #ddc3 ,the letters in brackets have been torn away with the edge of the leaf4 ,footnote #ddd3 ,texillus1 ,dicta ,phil4 7,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #ef74 ,footnote #dde3 #a ,joh4 ii4 #ae4 ,footnote #ddf3 ,sc4 knowledge2 de sauoir1 ,h4 ,footnote #ddg3 ,sc4 riches2 dauoir1 ,h4 ,footnote #ddh3 ,see above1 p4 #ff4 ,footnote #ddi3 ,sc4 pass1 surpass4 ,footnote #dej3 ,ioliuete1 ,h4 ,footnote #dea3 ,omitted in ,,ms42 les ,manichees1 ,h4 ,footnote #deb3 ,it is erfor it is1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dec3 ,matt4 vii4 #a1 #b2 ut non judicemini1 ,vulg4 ,footnote #ded3 ,sc4 snares2 les tours de fortune sont comme engins1 ,h4 ,footnote #dee3 ,sc4 ,boethius2 ,boece1 ,h4 ,footnote #def3 ,les quieulx addicions ne prestent point les choses ou les mondains mettent leur felicite1 ,h4 ,footnote #deg3 ,isai4 iii4 #ab4 ,footnote #deh3 ,sic1 8 tasteth2 gouster1 ,h4 ,footnote #dei3 ,luke x4 #db4 ,footnote #dfj3 ,cephalus1 who killed his wife ,procris in the way described 7,ovid1 ,met4 vii4 #hcf74 ,footnote #dfa3 ,glauellot1 ,h4 ,footnote #dfb3 ,matt4 vii4 #c4 ,footnote #dfc3 #a ,cor4 x4 #ac4 ,footnote #dfd3 ,au dieu qui dort et fait songer1 ,h4 ,footnote #dfe3 ,that may propirly that may speke1 ,,ms42 qui proprement en puisse parler quoyque les expositeurs en dient1 ,h4 ,footnote #dff3 ,tyme1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dfg3 ,eccl4 ii4 #d4 ,footnote #dfh3 ,alcyone1 or ,halcyone1 wife of ,ceyx1 whose story is in ,ovid1 ,met4 xi4 #daj4 ,footnote #dfi3 ,for1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dgj3 ,dedens la nef se gita1 ,h4 ,footnote #dga3 ,colus1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dgb3 ,the fable was that for seven days before and after the winter solstice1 when the ,halcyon was breeding1 the sea remained calm4 ,footnote #dgc3 ,see the 8,dis des ,philosophes0 7,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #fj74 ,footnote #dgd3 ,prov4 iii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,footnote #dge3 ,sc4 ,trust4 ,footnote #dgf3 ,hesione1 whom ,hercules rescued when she was exposed by command of an oracle to be devoured by a sea monster1 and whom he gave to ,telamon ,ajax on being defrauded of his promised reward by her father ,laomedon 7,ovid1 ,met4 xi4 #baa74 ,footnote #dgg3 ,thelamon ,ayaulx1 ,h4 ,footnote #dgh3 ,sc4 through4 ,footnote #dgi3 ,v tibi1 terra1 cujus rex puer est1 ,vulg4 7,eccles x4 #af74 ,footnote #dhj3 ,plus moleste1 ,h4 ,footnote #dha3 ,sap4 x4 #e4 ,footnote #dhb3 ,et empires1 ,h4 ,footnote #dhc3 ,calchas was not a ,trojan1 but a son of ,thestor of ,mycen or ,megara and the foremost soothsayer on the ,greek side4 ,christine de ,pisan or her authority seems to have misunderstood ,dares ,phrygius1 ch4 #ae4 ,footnote #dhd3 ,sc4 ,apollo2 ,apollin1 ,h4 ,footnote #dhe3 ,sc4 subtle4 ,footnote #dhf3 #b ,tim4 iii4 #b1 #d1 with omissions4 ,footnote #dhg3 ,sc4 ,hermaphroditus 7,ovid1 ,met4 iv4 #bhe sq74 ,footnote #dhh3 ,a ,hermofrodicus te mire1 ,h4 ,footnote #dhi3 ,the nymph of the well ,salmacis2 vne nimphe1 ,h4 ,footnote #dij3 ,a la fontaine de ,salmacis1 ,h4 ,footnote #dia3 ,lui prist talent de soy baigner1 ,h4 ,footnote #dib3 ,sc4 sexes2 qui ii4 sexes auoit1 ,h4 ,footnote #dic3 ,darquemie1 sc4 alchemy1 ,h4 ,footnote #did3 ,ghadely1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #die3 ,leurs ficcions1 ,h4 ,footnote #dif3 ,men1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dig3 ,isai4 xxxv4 #c4 ,footnote #dih3 ,yen 7sc4 eyes7 of yowre1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #dii3 ,lenterine face1 ,h4 7enterin1 sc4 entier1 complet1 ,godefroy1 s4v474 ,footnote #ejj3 ,sc4 how much4 ,footnote #eja3 ,la pouons nous veoir nostre bel1 la pouons nous veoir nostre lait1 la pouons nous veoir combien nous prouffitons et combien nous sommes loings de prouffiter1 ,h4 ,footnote #ejb3 ,joh4 v4 #ci4 ,footnote #ejc3 ,gard toy ,briseyda nacointier1 ,h4 ,the change is probably due to ,chaucer's 8,troylus and ,cryseyde40 ,footnote #ejd3 ,cointe et vague et attrayant1 ,h4 ,footnote #eje3 ,of the1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ejf3 ,sc4 wholly82 du tout1 ,h4 ,footnote #ejg3 #a ,cor4 i4 #ca4 ,footnote #ejh3 ,sc4 two4 ,footnote #eji3 ,or1 ,,ms4 ,the passage is confused1 cf4 que tout homme qui a occis ou meffait au loyal compaignon dun autre que le compaignon en fera la vengence1 ,h4 ,footnote #eaj3 ,madarge1 ,h42 ,magdargis1 ,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #ee;b2 ,macdarge1 ,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #fe4 ,the 8dit0 as given by ,g4 de ,tignonville in the last-named ,,ms4 is 8,en quelque lieu que tu soyes auecques ton enmemi 4444 fay touz iours bon guet2 ia soit ce que tu soyes le plus fort et plus puissant1 si doys tu trauaillier a faire la paix40 ,footnote #eaa3 ,sc4 though4 ,footnote #eab3 ,sc4 ought4 ,footnote #eac3 ,this is not among ,solon's sayings in the 8,dis des ,philosophes40 ,footnote #ead3 ,ephes4 vi4 #aa4 ,footnote #eae3 ,his1 ,,ms41 both here and in the next line4 ,footnote #eaf3 ,sc4 ,narcissus2 ,narcisus1 ,h4 ,see the story in ,ovid1 ,met4 iii4 #cef sq4 ,footnote #eag3 ,cf4 qui par grant necessite requiert autrui2 la voix qui est demouree1 cest que de gens souffraiteux est il assez demoure ne ilz ne peuent parler fors apres autrui1 ,h4 ,footnote #eah3 ,the fourth philosopher in the 8,dicta02 ,salquin1 ,add4 ,,ms4 #af1ijf1 f4 #g;b2 ,zaqualkin1 ,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #aj;b4 ,footnote #eai3 ,to helpe1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #ebj3 ,prov4 xxii4 #i4 ,footnote #eba3 ,sc4 ,daphne 7,ovid1 ,met4 i4 #deb sq472 ,damne1 ,h4 ,footnote #ebb3 ,to theyme1 ,,ms42 ou temps1 ,h4 ,footnote #ebc3 ,sc4 how4 ,footnote #ebd3 ,an omission by homoteleuton2 cf4 estre tous iours present aux ordres des anges auec les benois esperis assister a la gloire du conditeur1 regarder le present visage1 etc41 ,h4 ,the quotation is from ,hom4 xxxvii4 in ,evang4 7,migne1 lxxvi4 #abge74 ,footnote #ebe3 ,psal4 lxxxvi4 #c4 ,footnote #ebf3 ,sc4 ,andromache's4 ,footnote #ebg3 ,petite paille1 ,h4 ,footnote #ebh3 ,la brusle du feu de sa soubtille circonspeccion1 ,h4 ,footnote #ebi3 #a ,thess4 v4 #ai4 ,footnote #ecj3 ,ninus1 ,h4 ,footnote #eca3 ,sc4 ,nimrod4 ,footnote #ecb3 ,le roy ,ninus1 ,h4 ,footnote #ecc3 ,de ,singularitate ,clericorum 7,migne1 iv4 #hcg74 ,the ,latin text is somewhat loosely rendered4 ,footnote #ecd3 ,cest vne sotte fiance1 ,h42 adversaria est confidentia1 ,st4 ,aug4 ,footnote #ece3 ,estre sauf entre les morsures1 ,h4 ,footnote #ecf3 ,and--vnhurte1 not in ,h4 or ,lat4 ,footnote #ecg3 ,sc4 laugheth2 rit1 ,h4 ,footnote #ech3 ,psal4 xxxvi4 #c2 ,bonum est confidere in ,domino1 etc4 7,psal4 cxvii4 #h71 ,h4 ,footnote #eci3 ,ce sera quant le roy ,priant ne croiras1 qui tira priant1 ,h4 ,footnote #edj3 ,see above1 p4 #ajj4 ,footnote #eda3 ,shepe1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #edb3 ,sc4 ,othea2 he1 ,,ms41 both here and a few words later on4 ,footnote #edc3 ,sa mort1 ,h4 ,footnote #edd3 ,sermo de conversione ad clericos1 ch4 viii4 7,migne1 clxxxii4 #hdc74 ,footnote #ede3 ,en espies1 ,h42 auxpiez1 ,roy4 ,,mss4 #ad ,e4 ii4 f4 #cbg1 #ag ,e4 iv4 f4 #cac2 adolescentibus in insidiis est1 ,st4 ,bern4 ,footnote #edf3 ,eccl4 xiv4 #ab2 tardabit1 ,h4 ,footnote #edg3 ,encor te vueil ie faire sage1 ,h4 ,footnote #edh3 8 ,stroke2 le coup de vne sayette1 ,h4 and ,g4 de ,tign4 ,footnote #edi3 ,qui met auenir1 ,h42 qui meut a venir1 ,g4 de ,tign 7,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #g;b74 ,footnote #eej3 ,matt4 vi4 #f4 ,footnote #eea3 ,the ,politenes of ,benot de ,ste4 ,maure 7l4 #afaje7 and ,guido delle ,colonne4 ,footnote #eeb3 ,puit estre nuisible1 ,h4 ,footnote #eec3 ,couuoitise desordenee1 ,h4 ,footnote #eed3 ,dit ,ygnocence ou liure de la vilte de condicion humaine1 ,h4 ,the quotation is from ,pope ,innocent ,,iii41 8,de contemptu mundi10 ii4 #f 7,migne1 ccxvii4 #gai74 ,footnote #eee3 ,sont ii4 sancsues1 ,h42 sanguisug1 ,innoc41 quoting ,prov4 xxx4 #ae4 ,wyer's version rightly has 8horse-leeches02 and the reading 8sauce-makers0 is inexplicable4 ,footnote #eef3 ,tim4 vi4 #aj4 ,footnote #eeg3 ,a luniversaire 7sc4 l'anniversaire7 du chief de lan des obseques de ,hector1 ,h42 vnyuersarie1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #eeh3 ,amer1 ,h4 ,footnote #eei3 ,in ep4 ,joannis ad ,parthos tract4 ii4 7,migne1 xxxv4 #aiid74 ,footnote #efj3 ,et sa concupiscence1 ,h4 ,footnote #efa3 ,amer1 ,h4 ,footnote #efb3 #a ,ep4 ,joh4 ii4 #ae4 ,footnote #efc3 ,perciez doultre en oultre1 ,h4 ,footnote #efd3 ,sc4 ,augustine4 ,footnote #efe3 ,susde1 ,,ms42 ne nul en sa force ne se doit fyer1 ,h4 ,footnote #eff3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #d1 #e2 tanquam ex nobis1 ,h4 ,footnote #efg3 ,lenditement1 ,h42 exhortacion1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #efh3 ,des mauuais1 ,h42 ,barat est le cappitaine des mauuoys et ire est son gouuerneur1 ,g4 de ,tign4 7,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #ci74 ,footnote #efi3 iii4 7les1 ,h47 inconueniencees1 ,,ms4 ,footnote #egj3 ,sc4 deny2 reyne1 ,,ms42 renyer1 ,h4 ,footnote #ega3 ,prov4 iv4 #ae4 ,footnote #egb3 ,paix par faintise1 ,h4 ,footnote #egc3 ,sa mauuaistie1 ,h4 ,footnote #egd3 ,psal4 xxi4 #bf4 ,footnote #ege3 ,so ,h4 and other ,,mss42 perhaps a corruption for ,thyre or ,tyre4 ,footnote #egf3 ,sc4 ,ptolemy2 ,ptholomee1 ,h4 ,footnote #egg3 ,apoc4 xviii4 #g4 ,footnote #egh3 ,sc4 knights4 ,footnote #egi3 ,sc4 as he weaned to have returned2 si comme il cuidoit retourner1 ,h4 ,footnote #ehj3 ,sc4 wholly4 ,footnote #eha3 ,louez1 ,h42 loe1 ,g4 de ,tign4 7,roy4 ,,ms4 #ai ,b4 iv4 f4 #dd;b72 lawded ne alowed1 ,wyer4 ,footnote #ehb3 ,moralia1 xv4 #f 7,migne1 lxxv4 #ajhd74 ,footnote #ehc3 ,matt4 xxiii4 #bg4 ,footnote #ehd3 ,sc4 sodden2 le ble cuit1 ,h4 ,for the same story of ,ino see above1 p4 #bi4 ,footnote #ehe3 ,frustra sibi de infirmitate vel ignorantia blandiuntur1 qui ut liberius peccent libenter ignorant vel infirmantur1 ,bern4 de ,gradibus ,humilitatis1 cap4 vi4 7,migne1 clxxxii4 #iea74 ,footnote #ehf3 ,there is an omission here1 cf4 ou par negligence de les sauoir ou par parece de les demander ou par honte de les enquerir1 ,h4 ,footnote #ehg3 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #ch4 ,footnote #ehh3 ,si ne soient de toy despites1 ,h4 ,footnote #ehi3 ,this story is from the 8,aurea ,legenda0 of ,jacobus de ,voragine with slight variations 7ed4 ,graesse1 #ahdf1 p4 #dd74 ,footnote #eij3 ,de quelconques personne que ilz soient dis1 ,h4 ,footnote #eia3 ,hugh de ,st4 ,victor1 ,eruditionis didascalic libri vii4 7,migne1 clxxvi4 #gci74 ,footnote #eib3 ,mais que cest que il dit1 ,h4 ,footnote #eic3 ,eccl4 iii4 #ca4 ,h4 has the colophon1 8,explicit lepistre ,othea40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,table of ,contents added by transcriber4 #b4 ,the ,,errata corrections were incorporated in the text4 #c4 ,there was no ,chapter ,,il in the source4 #d4 ,some sidenote numbers were missing in the source1 for example 8f4 #ae04 #e4 ,p4 #aj1 changed 8desiders0 to 8desideriis04 #f4 ,p4 #da1 changed 8sow e0 to 8sowle04 #g4 ,p4 #dg1 is missing footnote #b4 #h4 ,p4 #fb1 added an anchor for footnote #g4 #i4 ,p4 #fe1 changed 8seythyt ayens ,god and enprideth the selfe4 ,that is the which dispoilleth ,paradyse and clothit hell and voydeth the valu of the blode of ,cryst ,jhesu and submyttyth the worlde to the tharledom of the seende0 to 8feythyt ayens ,god and enprideth the selfe4 ,that is the which dispoilleth ,paradyse and clothit hell and voydeth the valu of the blode of ,cryst ,jhesu and submyttyth the worlde to the tharledom of the feend04 #aj4 ,silently corrected typographical errors4 #aa4 ,except as noted1 retained anachronistic1 non-standard1 and uncertain spellings as printed4 #ab4 ,footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter4 #ac4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 #ad4 ,superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces1 e4g4 ,mr4 or ,mister4