,,"* ,,build+ ,,o!r ,,books ,,by ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,,up ,,f ,,slav]y ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,negro ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*apel at ,tuskegee ,alabama4 ,,:]e ,,^! ,,addresses ,,7 ,,deliv]$4 ,,design$ ,,by ,a ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,faculty1 ,,& ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,/ud5ts4 ,,"* ,,build+ ,,be+ ,,addresses ,,deliv]$ ,,on ,,sunday ,,ev5+s ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,tuskegee ,,in/itute ,by ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,new ,,york ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company #aijb ,copyright1 #aijb1 by ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ,publi%$ ,june1 #aijb ,pr9t$ by ,manhattan ,press1 ,new ,york1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,to ,,! ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,tea*]s ,,( ,! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute ,,:o ,,h ,,unselfi%ly ,,& ,,loyally ,,/ood ,,by ,,& ,,support$ ,,me ,,9 ,,my ,,ef=ts ,,to ,,build ,,?is ,,in/itution ,,publi%]s' ,,explanation ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's habit has = _m ye>s be5 to deliv] a practical1 /raight=w>d address to ! /ud5ts ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute on ,sunday ev5+4 ,^! addresses h _h mu* to d ) ! build+ up ( ! "* ( 8 race1 = !y are v =cible explanations ( "* build+4 ,! speak] has put into !m 8 :ole moral e>ne/ness1 8 broad common-s5se &1 9 _m places1 8 eloqu5ce4 ,_m ( ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's fri5ds h said t "s ( ^! addresses are ! be/ ( 8 utt]ances4 ,!y h an additional int]e/ because !y %[ him at 8 "w & give an inside view ( ! s*ool4 ,?is volume is made up ( selections f ^! addresses *os5 by ,mr4 ,wa%+ton himself4 ,,preface ,a numb] ( ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute 0 q small1 ) only a few doz5 /ud5ts & two or ?ree tea*]s1 ,i began ! practice ( giv+ :at 7 call$ ,sunday ,ev5+ ,talks to ! /ud5ts & tea*]s4 ,^! addresses 7 always deliv]$ 9 a conv]sational tone & mu* 9 ! same mann] t ,i w\ld speak to my own *ildr5 ar\nd my fireside4 ,z ! in/itution gradually grew f ye> to ye>1 fri5ds sugge/$ t ^! addresses ought to be pres]v$1 & = t reason dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s !y h be5 /5ographically report$4 ,= ! purpose ( ?is book !y h be5 some:at revis$2 & ,i am greatly indebt$ to my secret>y1 ,mr4 ,emmett ,j4 ,scott1 & to ,mr4 ,max ,b5nett ,?ra%]1 = assi/+ me 9 ! revision & 9 putt+ !m into prop] %ape = publication2 & to ,mr4 ,t4 ,?omas ,=tune = sugge/+ t ^! addresses be publi%$ 9 book =m4 ,9 ^! addresses ,i h attempt$ f week to week to speak /raight to ! he>ts ( our /ud5ts & tea*]s & visitors conc]n+ ! problems & que/ions t confront !m 9 _! daily life "h 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! mo/ enc\rag+ ?+ 9 connection ) ! mak+ ( ^! addresses has be5 ! close att5tion :i* ! /ud5ts & tea*]s & visitors h always paid1 & ! he>ty way 9 :i* !y h spok5 to me ( ! help t !y h receiv$ f !m4 ,dur+ ! pa/ f\r ye>s ^! addresses h be5 publi%$ 9 ! s*ool pap] ea* week4 ,?is pap]1 ,! ,tuskegee ,/ud5t1 has a wide circulation among our graduates & o!rs 9 ! ,s\?1 s t 9 talk+ to our /ud5ts on ,sunday ev5+ ,i h felt 9 a degree t ,i 0 speak+ to a l>ge proportion ( ! col\r$ p 9 ! ,s\?4 ,if !re is any?+ 9 ^! addresses :i* w be ( int]e/ or s]vice to a /ill wid] audi5ce1 ,i %all feel ,i h be5 m ?an repaid = any ef=t t ,i h put =? 9 connection ) !m4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,tuskegee1 ,alabama4 ,,cont5ts ,,two ,,sides ,,( ,,life #c ,,help+ ,,o!rs #aa ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,rocks ,,ahead #ai ,,on ,,influ5c+ ,,by ,,example #bg ,,! ,,virtue ,,( ,,simplicity #cc ,,h ,,y ,,done ,,y\r ,,be/8 #dc ,,don',t ,,be ,,disc\rag$ #ea ,,on ,,gett+ ,a ,,home #eg ,,call+ ,,?+s ,,by ,,_! ,,"r ,,names #fc ,,european ,,impressions #ga ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,home ,,life #ha ,,:at ,,w ,,pay8 #hg ,,education ,,t ,,educates #ie ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,be+ ,,reliable #ajc ,,! ,,highe/ ,,education #aaa ,,unimprov$ ,,opportunities #aai ,,keep+ ,,y\r ,,^w #acc ,,"s ,,lessons ,,( ,,! ,,h\r #ada ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,s]vice #adi ,,y\r ,,"p ,,9 ,,! ,,negro ,,conf]5ce #aeg ,,:at ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,our ,,future8 #afe ,,"s ,,great ,,little ,,?+s #agc ,,to ,,w\ld-,,be ,,tea*]s #aha ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,/able ,,habits #ahg ,,:at ,,y ,,ought ,,to ,,d #aic ,,individual ,,responsibility #bjc ,,gett+ ,,on ,,9 ,,! ,,_w #bac ,,ea* ,,"o ,,8 ,,"p #bag ,,:at ,,w\ld ,,fa!r ,,& ,,"m ,,say8 #bbe ,,object ,,lessons #bcc ,,sub/ance ,,vs4 ,,%ad[ #bci ,,"* ,,z ,,%[n ,,9 ,,dress #bde ,,s+ ,,! ,,old ,,songs #bea ,,gett+ ,,d[n ,,to ,,"m ,,e>? #bei ,a ,,p5ny ,,sav$ #bfg ,,gr[? #bgg ,,la/ ,,words #bhc ,,"* ,,build+ ,,two ,,sides ,,( ,,life ,!re are q a numb] ( divisions into :i* life c be divid$1 b = ! purposes ( ?is ev5+ ,i am go+ to speak ( two2 ! bright side ( life & ! d>k side4 ,9 ?\ght1 9 talk1 9 action1 ,i ?9k y w f9d t y c sep>ate life into ^! two divisions--! d>k side & ! bright side1 ! disc\rag+ side & ! enc\rag+ side4 ,y w f9d1 too1 t !re are two classes ( p1 j z !re are two divisions ( ! subject4 ,!re is "o class t is s*ool+ itself1 & con/antly tra9+ itself1 to look ^u ! d>k side ( life2 & !re is ano!r class1 made up ( p :o are1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 con/antly tra9+ !mselves to look ^u ! bright side ( life4 ,n[ x is n wise to g too f> 9 ei!r direction4 ,! p]son :o s*ools himself to see ! d>k side ( life is likely to make a mi/ake1 & ! p]son :o s*ools himself to look only ^u ! bright side ( life1 =gett+ all else1 also is apt to make a mi/ake4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,i ?9k ,i am "r 9 say+ t ! p]sons :o accompli% mo/ 9 ?is _w1 ^? to :om on acc\nt ( _! helpfulness ! _w looks mo/ = s]vice--^? :o are mo/ useful 9 e way--are ^? :o are con/antly see+ & appreciat+ ! bright side z well z ! d>k side ( life4 ,y w sometimes f9d two p]sons :o get up 9 ! morn+1 p]haps a morn+ t is ov]ca/ ) %ad[s--a damp1 wet1 ra9y1 un9vit+ morn+--& "o ( ^! p]sons w speak ( ! morn+ z be+ gloomy1 w speak ( ! mud-puddles ab\t ! h\se1 ( ! ra91 & ( all ( ! disagreeable features4 ,! second p]son1 ! "o :o has s*ool$ himself to see ! bright] side ( life1 ! beautiful ?+s 9 life1 w speak ( ! beauties t are 9 ! ra9 drops1 & ! fre%ness ( ! newly ba!d fl[]s1 %rubs & trees4 ,not)/&+ ! gloomy & g5]ally disconsolate appe>ance ( ?+s1 he w f9d some?+ attractive 9 ! sc5e out ( doors1 & w discov] some?+ 9 ! gloomy morn+ t w *e] him4 ,suppose t y see ^! same two p]sons eat _! breakfa/4 ,p]haps !y w f9d out t ! rolls are bad1 b t ! c(fee is excell5t4 ,if ! rolls are poor1 x is a great deal bett] 9 su* a case to get into ! habit--a habit t y w f9d pays f e /&po9t--( be+ able to =get h[ unpalatable !y are1 & to let y\r ?\ghts dwell ^u ! good & satisfactory c(fee4 ,call ! att5tion ( y\r ne> neighb\r at ! table to ! excell5ce ( ! c(fee4 ,:at is ! result ( t k9d ( s*ool+8 ,y w gr[ up to be an individual :om p w l to see com+ ne> !m--an individual to :om p w g = enc\ragem5t :5 ! h\rs are d>k1 & :5 ev]y?+ seems to be disc\rag+4 ,9 j ! same way1 :5 y g into ! class-rooms to recite y\r lessons1 d n dwell ^u any mi/akes t y may ?9k y see ! tea*] make1 or ^u any weakness 9 ! pres5tation ( ! lesson4 ,all tea*]s make mi/akes sometimes1 & y may dep5d ^u x t x is an excell5t tea*] & a p]son ( f9e "* :o1 :5 he or %e has made a mi/ake1 says frankly & pla9ly1 ,i h made a mi/ake1 or ,i don't "k4 ,x takes a v good & a v bright tea*] to say1 ,i don't "k4 ,no tea*] kn[s ev]y?+ ab\t e subject4 ,a good tea*] w say frankly & cle>ly1 ,i don't "k4 ,i _c answ] t "q4 ,let me tell y1 "r "h1 too1 t :5 y g out f "h to become tea*]s y\rselves--z a l>ge proportion ( y w g--:5ev] y get to a po9t :]e a /ud5t asks y a "q :i* y are n able to answ]1 or asks y some?+ ab\t a subject on :i* y are n well in=m$1 y w f9d x bett] to say frankly & hone/ly1 ,i am unable to answ] y\r "q4 ,y\r /ud5ts w respect y a great deal m = y\r frankness & hone/y4 ,education is n :at a p]son is able to hold 9 8 head1 s mu* z x is :at a p]son is able to f9d4 ,i believe x 0 ,daniel ,web/] :o said t ! truly educat$ man 0 n ! "o :o _h all k 9 8 head1 b ! "o :o knew :]e to look = in=mation ^u any subject ^u :i* at any "t he might want in=mation4 ,ea* individual :o wi%es to succe$ mu/ get t k9d ( discipl9e4 ,he mu/ get su* tra9+ t he w "k :]e to g & get facts1 r ?an try to tra9 himself to hold all facts 9 8 head4 ,i want y to g out f ?is in/itution s tra9$ & s develop$ t y w be con/antly look+ = ! bright1 enc\rag+ & beautiful ?+s 9 life4 ,x is ! weak individual1 z a rule1 :o is con/antly call+ att5tion to ! o!r side--to ! d>k & disc\rag+ ?+s ( life4 ,:5 y g into y\r classrooms1 ,i repeat1 try to =get & ov]look any weak po9ts t y may ?9k y see4 ,rememb]1 & dwell ^u1 ! consid]ation t has be5 giv5 to ! lesson1 ! fai?fulness ) :i* x 0 prep>$1 & ! e>ne/ness ) :i* x is pres5t$4 ,try to recall & to rememb] e good ?+ & e enc\rag+ ?+ :i* has come "u y\r obs]vation1 :e!r x has be5 9 ! class-room1 or 9 ! %op1 or 9 ! field4 ,no matt] :]e y are1 seize hold on ! enc\rag+ ?+s ) :i* y come 9 contact4 ,9 connection ) ! p]sonality ( _! tea*]s1 x is v un=tunate = /ud5ts to =m a habit ( cont9ually f9d+ fault1 ( criticis+1 ( see+ no?+ b :at ! /ud5t may ?9k are weak po9ts4 ,try to get into a frame ( m9d :]e y w be con/antly see+ & call+ att5tion to ! /rong & beautiful ?+s :i* y obs]ve 9 ! life & "w ( y\r tea*]s4 ,gr[ into ! habit ( talk+ ab\t ! bright side ( life4 ,:5 y meet a fell[ /ud5t1 a tea*]1 or anybody1 or :5 y write lett]s home1 get into ! habit ( call+ att5tion to ! bright ?+s ( life t y h se51 ! ?+s t are beautiful1 ! ?+s t are *>m+4 ,j 9 proportion z y d ?is1 y w f9d t y w n only influ5ce y\rself 9 ! "r direction1 b t y w also influ5ce o!rs t way4 ,x is a v bad habit to get into1 t ( be+ cont9ually moody & disc\rag$1 & ( mak+ ! atmosph]e uncom=table = ev]ybody :o comes )9 t5 feet ( y4 ,!re are "s p :o are s con/antly look+ on ! d>k side ( life t !y _c see any?+ b t side4 ,ev]y?+ t comes f _! m\?s is unpleasant1 ab\t ?is ?+ & t ?+1 & !y make ! :ole atmosph]e ar\nd !m unpleasant = !mselves & = ev]ybody ) :om !y come 9 contact4 ,su* p]sons are surely undesirable4 ,:y1 ,i h se5 p com+ up ! road :o caus$ me to feel l want+ to cross ov] on to ! o!r side ( ! way s z n to meet !m4 ,i didn't want to he> _! tales ( mis]y & woe4 ,i _h he>d ^? tales s _m times t ,i didn't want to get into ! atmosph]e ( ! p :o told !m4 ,x is (t5 v easy to influ5ce o!rs 9 ! wrong direction1 & to gr[ into su* a moody fault-f9d+ disposition t "o n only is mis]able & unhappy himself1 b makes e "o ) :om he comes 9 contact mis]able & unhappy4 ,! p]sons :o live con/antly 9 a fault-f9d+ atmosph]e1 :o see only ! d>k side ( life1 become negative *>act]s4 ,!y are ! p :o nev] g =w>d4 ,!y nev] sugge/ a l9e ( activity4 ,!y live simply on ! negative side ( life4 ,n[1 z /ud5ts1 y _c af=d to gr[ 9 t way4 ,we want to s5d ea* "o ( y out f "h1 n z a negative =ce1 b z a /rong1 positive1 helpful =ce 9 ! _w4 ,y w n accompli% ! task :i* we expect ( y if y g ) a moody1 disc\rag$1 fault-f9d+ disposition4 ,to d ! mo/ t lies 9 y1 y mu/ g ) a he>t & head full ( hope & fai? 9 ! _w1 believ+ t !re is "w = y to d1 believ+ t y are ! p]son to accompli% t "w1 & ! "o :o is go+ to accompli% x4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! p]son :o cultivates ! habit ( look+ on ! d>k side ( life is ! little p]son1 ! mis]able p]son1 ! "o :o is weak 9 m9d1 he>t & purpose4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p]son :o cultivates ! habit ( look+ on ! bright side ( life1 & :o calls att5tion to ! beautiful & enc\rag+ ?+s 9 life is1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! /rong individual1 ! "o to :om ! _w goes = intellig5t advice & support4 ,i am try+ to get y to see1 z /ud5ts1 ! be/ ?+s 9 life4 ,d n be satisfi$ ) second-h& or ?ird-h& ?+s 9 life4 ,d n be satisfi$ until y h put y\rselves into t atmosph]e :]e y c seize & hold on to ! v highe/ & mo/ beautiful ?+s t c be got out ( life4 ,,help+ ,,o!rs ,!re are a few ess5tial ?+s 9 an in/itution ( ?is k9d t ,i ?9k x is well = y to keep ev] be=e y4 ,?is in/itution does n exi/ = y\r education alone2 x does n exi/ = y\r com=t & happ9ess altoge!r1 al?\gh ^? ?+s are important1 & we keep !m 9 m9d2 x exi/s t we may give y intellig5ce1 skill ( h&1 & /r5g? ( m9d & he>t2 & we help y 9 ^! ways t y1 9 turn1 may help o!rs4 ,we help y t y may help somebody else1 & if y d n d ?is1 :5 y g out f "h1 !n our "w "h has be5 9 va94 ,y w\ld be surpris$ to "k h[ small a "p ( y\r own exp5ses y pay "h4 ,y pay b little2 & by reason ( t fact x foll[s t z tru/ees ( ! funds :i* are giv5 to ?is in/itution1 we h no "r to keep an individual "h :o we d n ?9k is go+ to be able to g out & help somebody else4 ,we h no "r to keep a /ud5t "h :o we d n ?9k is /rong en\gh to g out & be ( assi/ance to somebody else4 ,we are "h = ! purpose ( educat+ y1 t y may become /rong1 intellig5t & helpful4 ,if y 7 pay+ ! co/ ( y\r bo>d "h1 & = y\r tuition1 & fuel & lights1 !n we %\ld h a diff]5t problem4 ,b s long z x is true t y pay s small a proportion ( y\r exp5ses z y d1 we mu/ keep 9 view ! fact t we h no "r to keep a /ud5t "h1 no matt] h[ mu* we may sympa?ize ) him or h]1 unless t /ud5t is go+ to be able to d somebody else "s good4 ,e "y man & e "y woman %\ld feel t he or %e is "h on tru/1 t e day "h is a sacr$ day1 t x is a day t belongs to ! race4 ,our graduates1 & ! majority ( ! /ud5ts t h gone out f "h1 h ev] _h an unselfi% _s1 & h be5 will+ to g out & "w at fir/ = small sal>ies1 & 9 uncom=table places1 :]e 9 a l>ge degree conditions h be5 disc\rag+ & desolate4 ,we believe t k9d ( _s w cont9ue to exi/ 9 ?is in/itution1 & t we %all cont9ue to h /ud5ts :o w g out f "h to make o!r p]sons /rong & useful4 ,n[ no individual c help ano!r individual unless he himself is /rong4 ,y notice t ! curriculum "h goes along 9 ?ree directions--along ! l9e ( lab\r1 ( academic tra9+1 & ( moral & religi\s tra9+4 ,we expect ^? :o are "h to keep /rong1 & to make !mselves effici5t 9 ^! ?ree directions1 9 ea* ( :i* y are to le>n to be lead]s4 ,"s p are able to d a ?+ :5 !y are direct$ to d x1 b p ( t k9d are n wor? v mu*4 ,!re are p 9 ! _w :o nev] ?9k1 :o nev] map out any?+ = !mselves1 :o h to wait to be told :at to d4 ,p ( t k9d are n wor? any?+4 ,!y really ought to pay r5t = ! air !y brea?1 = !y only vitiate x4 ,n[ we d n want su* p z ^? "h4 ,we want p :o are go+ to ?9k1 p :o are go+ to prep>e !mselves4 ,i notic$ an incid5t ?is morn+4 ,did y ev] he> t side door creak on its h+es be=e ?is morn+8 ,! janitor ought to h notic$ t creak+ & put "s oil on ! h+es )\t wait+ to be told to d x4 ,!n1 aga91 ?is morn+ ,i notic$ t aft] x _h be5 ra9+ h>d = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 :5 x 0 wet & muddy1 no provision _h be5 made to protect ! hogs at ! /y1 & !y 7 completely cov]$ ) mud4 ,n[ ! p]son :o _h *>ge ( ! /y %\ld n h wait$ = "s "o to tell him to g d[n !re & put "s /raw 9 = b$d+ & put bo>ds ov] ! /y to keep ! animals dry4 ,no "o 9 *>ge ( ! hogs ought to h wait$ to be told to d a ?+ l t4 ,! k9d ( p]sons we want "h are ^? :o are n go+ to wait = y to tell !m to d su* ?+s1 b :o w ?9k ( !m = !mselves & d !m4 ,if we _c turn out a man "h :o is capable ( tak+ c>e ( a pig /y1 h[ c we expect him to take c>e ( affairs ( ,/ate8 ,!n1 aga91 "s ( y are expect$ to take c>e ( ! roads4 ,i %\ld h lik$ to h se5 boys ?is morn+ s mu* int]e/$ 9 work+ on ! roads t !y w\ld h put sawdu/ f ?is build+ to ! gate4 ,i %\ld h lik$ to see !m put d[n "s bo>ds1 & arrange = ! wat] to dra9 (f4 ,we want su* fell[s z ^? "h4 ,! ones we want are ! ones :o are go+ to ?9k ( su* ?+s z ^! )\t be+ told4 ,t is ! only k9d ( p wor? hav+4 ,^? :o h to wait to h somebody else put ideas into _! m9ds are n wor? mu* ( any?+4 ,&1 to be pla9 ) y1 we _c h su* p "h4 ,we want y to be ?9k]s1 to be lead]s4 ,ye/]day1 & ! night be=e1 ,i travell$ on ! ,mobile & ,ohio railroad f ,/4 ,l\is to ,montgom]y1 & !re 0 a "y man on ! same tra9 :o 0 n m ?an tw5ty ye>s old1 ,i believe1 :o rec5tly _h be5 appo9t$ a special freight ag5t ( ! road4 ,all 8 conv]sation 0 ab\t freight4 ,he talk$ freight to me & to ev]ybody else4 ,he w\ld ask ?is man & t man if !y _h any freight1 & if s he w\ld tell !m t !y mu/ h x %ipp$ ov] ! ,mobile & ,ohio railroad4 ,n[ t man w be g5]al freight ag5t ( t road "s day3 he may be presid5t ( ! road4 ,b suppose he _h sat d[n & gone to sleep1 & _h wait$ = "s "o to come to him to inquire ! be/ way to %ip freight4 ,d y suppose he w\ld ev] h secur$ any freight to %ip8 ,beg9 to ?9k4 ,if y _c le>n to ?9k1 :y1 y w be ( no use to y\rself or anybody else4 ,e once 9 a :ile--ab\t e ?ree mon?s--we h to g ?r\gh ! process ( we$+ out among ! /ud5ts4 ,we are go+ to make t we$+ out process m /rict ?is ye> ?an ev] be=e4 ,we are compell$ to get rid ( e /ud5t "h :o is weak 9 m9d1 weak 9 morals1 or weak 9 indu/ry4 ,we _c keep a /ud5t "h unless he c\nts = "o4 ,y mu/ c\nt "o y\rself4 ,y eat = "o1 y dr9k = "o1 & y sleep = "o2 & s y w h to c\nt = "o if y are go+ to /ay "h4 ,i want y to g out into ! _w1 n to h an easy "t1 b to make sacrifices1 & to help somebody else4 ,!re are ^? :o ne$ y\r help & y\r sacrifice4 ,y may be call$ ^u to sacrifice a great deal2 y may h to "w = small sal>ies2 y may h to tea* s*ool 9 uncom=table build+s2 y may h to "w 9 desolate places1 & ! surr\nd+s may be 9 e way disc\rag+4 ,& :5 ,i speak ( y\r go+ out into life1 ,i d n conf9e y to ! s*oolroom4 ,i believe t ^? :o g out & become f>m]s1 & lead]s 9 o!r directions1 z well z tea*]s1 are to succe$4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ connect$ ) ?is in/itution is ! magnific5t record t our graduates are mak+4 ,z ! in/itution gr[s l>g]1 we d n want to lose ! _s ( self-sacrifice1 ! _s ( usefulness :i* ! graduates & ! /ud5ts :o h gone out f "h h %[n4 ,we want y to help somebody else4 ,we want y n to ?9k ( y\rselves alone4 ,! m y d to make somebody else happy1 ! m happ9ess w y receive 9 turn4 ,if y want to be happy1 if y want to live a cont5t$ life1 if y want to live a life ( g5u9e pleasure1 d some?+ = somebody else4 ,:5 y feel unhappy1 disagreeable & mis]able1 g to "s "o else :o is mis]able & d t p]son an act ( k9dness1 & y w f9d t y w be made happy4 ,! mis]able p]sons 9 ?is _w are ! ones ^: he>ts are n>r[ & h>d2 ! happy ones are ^? :o h great big he>ts4 ,su* p]sons are always happy4 ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,rocks ,,ahead ,i feel sure t ,i c be ( "s degree ( s]vice to y to-night1 9 help+ y to anticipate "s ( ! tr\bles t y are go+ to meet dur+ ! com+ ye>4 ,d n look = tr\ble1 is a safe maxim to foll[1 b x is equally safe to prep>e = tr\ble4 ,all ( y realize1 ( c\rse1 t :]e we h s l>ge a ma*9e z we happ5 to h "h--:5 ,i speak ( ma*9e 9 ?is way y w und]/& t ,i ref] to ! s*ool--x takes "s "t to get x into p]fect ord]1 or any?+ bord]+ ^u p]fect runn+ ord]4 ,n[1 ,i repeat1 x is ! wise individual :o prep>es himself be=eh& = ! day ( difficulties1 = ! day ( disc\ragem5ts1 = ! ra9y day4 ,x is ! wise individual :o makes up 8 m9d t life is n go+ to be all sun%9e1 t all is n go+ to be p]petual pleasure4 ,:at is true ( ev]yday life is true ( s*ool life2 !re are a numb] ( difficulties :i* x is probable y are go+ to meet or :i* are go+ to meet y dur+ ! com+ s*ool ye>1 & :i*1 if possible1 ,i want y to prep>e y\rselves aga9/ z wisely z y c4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a great _m ( y are go+ to be disappo9t$--if ?is has n already be5 ! case--9 ! classes to :i* y w be assign$4 ,! av]age individual ?9ks he kn[s a great deal m ?an he does "k4 ,! individual :o really kn[s m ?an he ?9ks he kn[s is v r>e inde$4 ,:5 a /ud5t gets to ! po9t :]e he kn[s m ?an he ?9ks he kn[s1 t /ud5t is ab\t ready to leave s*ool4 ,i wi% a v l>ge numb] ( y _h rea*$ t po9t4 ,i repeat1 numb]s ( y are go+ to be disappo9t$ dur+ ! ye> z to ! classes to :i* y are go+ to be assign$4 ,n[1 ,i want to give y ?is advice4 ,be=e y g to an in/itution exam9e ! catalogue ( t s*ool4 ,! catalogue w give y all ! in=mation ab\t ! s*ool4 ,!n make up y\r m9d :e!r or n y h fai? 9 t in/itution4 ,f9d out if x is ! s*ool y wi% to att5d1 & !n decide if y h fai? en\gh 9 x to become its pupil4 ,!n1 if y h once done ?is1 make up y\r m9d t ^? :o are plac$ ov] y z y\r tea*]s h _h m exp]i5ce ?an y c h _h1 & t !y are !re=e able to advise y z to y\r classes4 ,make up y\r m9d t if y are ask$ to g into a l[] class ?an y ?9k y\r ability entitles y to g into1 y are go+ to foll[ ! advice & in/ruction ( ! p :o are old] ?an y & :o h m education ?an y h4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* y are go+ to be disappo9t$1 & be made homesick1 p]haps1 if y h n already be5 made s1 is 9 ! rooms to :i* y are go+ to be assign$4 ,y are go+ to get rooms t y d n l4 ,!y w n be1 p]haps1 z attractive z y desire1 or !y w be too cr[d$4 ,y are go+ to be giv5 p]sons = room mates ) :om y ?9k x is go+ to be impossible to get along pleasantly1 p :o are n cong5ial to y4 ,dur+ ! hot mon?s y\r rooms are go+ to be too hot1 & dur+ ! cold mon?s !y are go+ to be too cold4 ,y are go+ to meet ) all ^! difficulties 9 y\r rooms4 ,make up y\r m9d t y are go+ to conqu] !m4 ,i h (t5 said t ! /ud5ts :o 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ?is s*ool _h su* h>d times ) _! rooms h succe$$ gr&ly4 ,_m ( y n[ live 9 palaces1 comp>$ to ! rooms :i* ^? /ud5ts _h4 ,i am sure t ! /ud5ts :o att5d ?is s*ool f9d t ! in/itution is bett] fitt$ e ye> to take c>e ( !m ?an x 0 ! ye> previ\s4 ,f ye> to ye> !re has be5 a /eady gr[? 9 ! accommodations1 & t is all t we c wi% or expect4 ,f ye> to ye> we d n =get t x is our duty to make /ud5ts m com=table ?an 9 previ\s ye>s1 & we are /eadily gr[+1 9 t direction4 ,b not)/&+ all ?is we _c d all t we want to d4 ,make up y\r m9ds1 !n1 t y are go+ to f9d difficulties 9 y\r room1 9 ref]5ce to y\r room mates1 ! heat1 ! cold1 & any numb] ( ?+s t conc]n y\r /ay 9 ! build+s4 ,b 9 all ^! matt]s keep 9 m9d ! high purpose = :i* y came "h--to get an education4 ,get t ?\ght into y\r he>t & body1 & x w enable y to be ! ma/] ( all ^! little ?+s1 all ^! m9or & tempor>y ob/acles4 ,_m ( y are go+ to be disappo9t$ 9 reg>d to y\r food4 ,not)/&+ all ! c>e we may try to take1 & want to take1 _m ( y are go+ to be disappo9t$ 9 ?is respect4 ,b h[ little is ! mean+ ( "o meal1 h[ little a ?+ is be+ inconv5i5c$ by "o meal1 z comp>$ ) some?+ t is go+ to be a "p ( y all ! rema9d] ( y\r lives4 ,x is n = ! food1 ! room1 or ! m9or ?+s t y h come "h2 x is to get some?+ into y\r m9ds & he>ts t w make y bett]1 t w /& by y & hold y up1 & make y useful all ?r\gh life4 ,"s ( y are go+ to f9d x difficult to obey ord]s4 ,sometimes ord]s w be giv5 y :i* y ?9k are wrong & unju/4 ,p]haps ord]s w be giv5 y sometimes t really are unju/4 ,9 t respect no in/itution is p]fect4 ,b ,i want y to le>n ?is lesson 9 respect to ord]s--t x is always be/ to le>n to obey ord]s & respect au?ority--t x is bett] t5 times ov] = y to obey an ord] t y "k is wrong1 & :i* p]haps 0 giv5 y 9 a wrong _s or ) a mi/ak5 motive4 ,x is bett] = y to obey ev5 su* an ord] z t1 ?an x is = any individual to get into ! habit ( disobey+ & n respect+ ^? 9 au?ority4 ,make up y\r m9d t if y want to add to y\r happ9ess & /r5g? ( "*1 y are1 be=e all ?+s else1 go+ to le>n to obey4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t = a m9ute1 or five m9utes1 "o ( y\r fell[-/ud5ts is plac$ 9 au?ority ov] y1 t /ud5t's comm&s %\ld be sacr$4 ,y %\ld obey 8 comm&s j z quickly z y w\ld obey ^? ( ! highe/ (fic] 9 ?is in/itution4 ,le>n t x is no disgrace to obey ^? 9 au?ority4 ,"o ( ! highe/ & sure/ signs ( civilization is t a p h le>n$ to obey ! comm&s ( ^? :o are plac$ ov] !m4 ,i want to add "h t x is to ! cr$it ( ?is in/itution t1 ) v few exceptions1 ! /ud5ts h always be5 ready & will+ to respect au?ority4 ,i want y to see1 z ,i ?9k y w see1 t hav+ a h>d "t1 runn+ up aga9/ difficulties "h & !re1 helps to make an individual /rong1 helps to make him p[]ful4 ,?is is ! po9t ,i want to make ) y2 t "o ( ! reasons y are "h is t y may le>n to ov]come difficulties4 ,i h nam$ "s t y may expect to meet1 b ,i h n nam$ !m all4 ,!y w keep spr++ up all ! "t4 ,j 9 proportion z y le>n to rise above !m & trample !m "u y\r feet1 j 9 t proportion w y accompli% ! high purpose = :i* y came "h1 & help to accompli% ! purpose = :i* ?is in/itution exi/s4 ,,on ,,influ5c+ ,,by ,,example ,a few ev5+s ago1 :ile 9 ,c9c9nati1 ,i 0 v pleasantly surpris$ aft] speak+ at a l>ge meet+ to be invit$ by a company ( "y col\r$ m5 to att5d = a few m9utes a reception at _! club room4 ,i expect$1 :5 ,i w5t to ! place designat$1 to f9d a numb] ( "y m5 :o1 p]haps1 _h hir$ a room & fitt$ x up = ! purpose ( gratify+ _! own selfi% pleasures4 ,i f\nd t ?is 0 n ! case4 ,in/ead1 ,i f\nd fifte5 "y m5 ^: ages rang$ f eighte5 to tw5ty ye>s1 :o _h b&$ !mselves toge!r 9 a club kn[n z ! ,w9ona ,club1 = ! purpose ( improv+ !mselves1 & fur!r1 = ! purpose1 s f> z possible1 ( gett+ hold ( o!r "y col\r$ m5 9 ! city :o 7 incl9$ 9 ! wrong direction4 ,i f\nd a room beautifully fitt$ up1 ) a c>pet on ! floor1 ) beautiful pictures ^u ! walls1 ) books & pictures 9 _! little libr>y1 & ) fifte5 ( ! brighte/1 mo/ hone/1 & cleane/ look+ "y m5 t x has be5 my pleasure to meet = a long "t4 ,x 0 a v pleasant surprise to f9d ^! "y m51 especially 9 ! mid/ ( ! temptations ( a ,nor!rn city1 9 ! mid/ ( evil surr\nd+s1 b&$ toge!r = influ5c+ o!rs 9 ! "r direction4 ,^! "y m5 came toge!r1 & at _! fir/ meet+ said t !y 7 go+ to b& !mselves toge!r = ! purpose ( improv+ !mselves & help+ o!rs4 ,!y said t ! fir/ article 9 _! con/itution %\ld be to ! effect t !re %\ld be no gambl+ 9 t club2 t !re mu/ be no /rong dr9k all[$ 9 t club1 & t !re %\ld be no?+ !re t 0 n 9 keep+ ) ! life ( a true & high-m9d$ g5tleman4 ,i repeat t x 0 v pleasant & enc\rag+ = me to f9d su* "w z ?is go+ on 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,:at 0 equally gratify+1 & surpris+1 0 t at ! close ( ! reception !y pres5t$ me ) a neat sum ( money :i* !y _h collect$1 & ask$ t ?is money be us$ to defray ! exp5ses ( "s /ud5t at ! s*ool "h4 ,n[ ! po9t ,i especially want to make to-night is ?is3 all ( y mu/ be> 9 m9d ! fact t y are n only to keep y\rselves clean1 & pure1 & sob]1 & true1 9 e respect1 b y owe a con/ant responsibility to y\rself to see t y ex]t a helpful influ5ce on o!rs also4 ,a l>ge proportion ( y are to g f "h into great cities4 ,"s ( y w g into su* cities z ,montgom]y1 & "s1 p]haps1 w g into ! cities ( ! ,nor?--al?\gh ,i hope t ! mo/ ( y w see y\r way cle> to rema9 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i believe t y w d bett] to rema9 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ?an to g into ! cities4 ,i believe t y w f9d x to y\r advantage 9 e way to try to live 9 a small t[n1 or 9 a c\ntry di/rict1 r ?an 9 a city4 ,i believe t we are at our be/ 9 c\ntry life--9 agricultural life--& too (t5 at our wor/ 9 city life4 ,n[ :5 y g out into ! _w = y\rselves1 y mu/ rememb] 9 ! fir/ place t y _c hold y\rselves up unless y keep engag$ & out ( idl5ess4 ,no idle p]son is ev] safe1 :e!r he be ri* or poor4 ,make up y\r m9ds1 :e!r y are to live 9 ! city or 9 ! c\ntry1 t y are go+ to be con/antly employ$4 ,9 a ri* & prosp]\s c\ntry l ,am]ica !re is absolutely no excuse = p]sons liv+ 9 idl5ess4 ,i h little pati5ce ) p]sons :o g ar\nd :9+ t !y _c f9d any?+ to d4 ,especially is ?is true 9 ! ,s\?4 ,:]e ! soil is *eap !re is little or no excuse = any man or woman go+ ab\t compla9+ t he or %e _c f9d "w4 ,y _c set prop] examples unless y1 y\rself1 are con/antly employ$4 ,see to x1 !n1 :e!r y live 9 a city1 a t[n1 or 9 a c\ntry di/rict1 t y are con/antly employ$ :5 y are n engag$ 9 ! prop] k9d ( recreation1 or 9 re/4 ,unless y d ?is y w f9d t y w g d[n z ?\s&s ( our "y m5 h gone d[n--z ?\s&s ( our "y m5 are con/antly go+ d[n--:o yield to ! temptations :i* beset !m4 ,refra9 f /ak+ y\r e>n+s ^u games ( *ance4 ,see to x t y pass by ^? ?+s :i* t5d to y\r degradation4 ,tea* ?is to o!rs4 ,tea* ^? ) :om y come 9 contact t !y _c lead /rong1 moral lives unless !y keep away f ! gambl+ table4 ,see to x t y regulate y\r life prop]ly2 t y regulate y\r h\rs ( sleep4 ,h ! prop] k9ds ( recreation4 ,q a numb] ( our "y m5 9 ! cities /ay up until twelve1 "o & two o'clock ea* night4 ,sometimes !y are at a dance1 & sometimes at ! gambl+ table1 or 9 "s bro!l1 or dr9k+ 9 "s saloon4 ,z a result !y g late to _! "w1 & 9 a %ort "t y he> !m compla9+ ab\t hav+ lo/ _! positions4 ,!y w tell y t !y h lo/ _! jobs on acc\nt ( race prejudice1 or because _! =m] employ]s are n go+ to hire col\r$ help any long]4 ,b y w f9d1 if y le>n ! real circum/ances1 t x is mu* m likely !y h lo/ _! jobs because !y 7 n punctual1 or on acc\nt ( c>elessness4 ,!n1 too1 y w f9d t y w g d[n if y yield to ! temptation ( indulg+ 9 /rong dr9k4 ,t is a ?+ t is c>ry+ a great _m ( our "y m5 d[n4 ,i d n say t all ( our m5 are ( ?is class1 or t all ( !m yield to temptations1 because ,i c g into _m ( ! l>ge cities & f9d j su* m5 z ^? 9 ,c9c9nati to :om ,i h ref]r$4 ,y _c hope to succe$ if y keep bad company4 ,z f> z possible try to =m ! habit ( sp5d+ y\r nights at home4 ,!re is no?+ worse = a "y man or "y woman ?an to get into ! habit ( ?9k+ t he or %e mu/ sp5d e night on ! /reet or 9 "s public place4 ,i want y1 z y g out f ?is in/itution1 :e!r y are graduates or n1 :e!r y h be5 "h "o ye> or f\r ye>s--to g out ) ! idea t y mu/ set a high example = e "o 9 y\r community4 ,y mu/ rememb] t ! p are wat*+ y e day4 ,if y yield to ! temptation ( /rong dr9k1 ( go+ into bad company1 o!rs w d ! same ?+4 ,!y w %ape _! lives aft] y\rs4 ,y mu/ s %ape y\r lives t ! hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ^? :o are look+ to y = guidance may pr(it by y\r example4 ,,! ,,virtue ,,( ,,simplicity ,i hope t y all paid /rict att5tion to :at ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,baldw91 ,jr41 :o rec5tly spoke to y1 _h to say4 ,9 ! few words t he spoke1 ,i ?9k he told y ! plat=m ^u :i* ?is in/itution has be5 built4 ,y w rememb] t he laid a great deal ( /ress ^u ! importance ( ! in/itution rema9+ simple1 ( keep+ t degree ( simplicity & ?or\ghness t x has always possess$4 ,x is true t 9 ! la/ few mon?s ! in/itution has come into a great deal ( prom95ce1 & is meet+ ) :at ! _w calls success4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t v (t5 x is ) in/itutions z x is ) individuals--success may injure !m m ?an pov]ty4 ,n[1 ?is in/itution w cont9ue to succe$1 w cont9ue to h ! good w & confid5ce1 ! co-op]ation ( ! be/ & wise/ & mo/ g5]\s p 9 ! c\ntry1 j s long z its faculty1 its /ud5ts1 & all connect$ ) x1 rema9 simple1 e>ne/ & ?or\gh4 ,j z soon z 9 any dep>tm5t !re are indications t we are beg9n+ to become :at ! _w calls /uck up1 j s soon w ! p lose confid5ce 9 u1 & w fail to support u1 & j s soon w ! in/itution beg9 to decay4 ,we w gr[ 9 build+s1 9 indu/ries1 9 app>atus1 9 ! numb] ( tea*]s & ( /ud5ts1 & 9 ! confid5ce ( ! p1 j 9 proportion z we d :at ! in/itution has set out to d2 t is1 tea* "y m5 & wom5 h[ to live simple1 pla9 & hon\rable lives by le>n+ h[ to d some?+ uncommonly well4 ,:5 ,i speak ( humbl5ess & simplicity1 ,i d n mean t x is necess>y = u to lose sight ( :at ! _w calls manhood & womanhood2 t x is necess>y to be cr++ & unmanly2 b y w f9d1 9 ! long run1 t ! p :o h ! greate/ influ5ce 9 ! _w are ! humble & simple ones4 ,n[1 we mu/ n only rema9 humble1 b we mu/ be v sure t :atev] is done 9 e dep>tm5t ( ! s*ool is ?or\ghly done4 ,any in/itution runs a great risk :5 x beg9s to gr[--to gr[ l>g] 9 numb]s or l>g] 9 any respect4 ,x c succe$ !n only 9 proportion z ^? :o h responsibilities are consci5ti\s 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,we c succe$ 9 putt+ up good build+s only 9 proportion z e "o p]=ms well 8 "p 9 ! erection ( ea* build+4 ,we c succe$ only 9 proportion z ! /ud5t :o makes ! mort>1 :o lays ! bricks1 puts 8 :ole consci5ce into t "w1 & does x j z ?or\ghly z x is possible = him to d x4 ,if he is mix+ mort>1 he mu/ d x j z well z he c1 & !n1 to-morr[1 mu/ d x /ill bett] ?an he did x to-day1 & ! next week bett] ?an he did x ?is week4 ,! /ud5t :o lays ! bricks mu/ le>n to lay ea* brick z well z x is possible = him to lay x1 & !n d /ill bett] "w on ! morr[4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 too1 t we h a c]ta9 am\nt ( responsibility to c>e = our build+s1 & t a great deal ( int]e/ %\ld be tak5 n only 9 putt+ up all our build+s ?or\ghly1 b 9 look+ out = _! pres]vation z well4 ,we mu/ see to x t ! build+s :i* ! /ud5ts h work$ s h>d to erect1 & :i* g5]\s fri5ds h s k9dly enabl$ u to secure1 are n m>r$ 9 any way4 ,y mu/ make new /ud5ts "k t ?is prop]ty is y\rs1 & t e build+ "h is y\rs4 ,no /ud5t has any "r to m> 9 any way :at y h work$ s h>d to erect1 & y\r fri5ds h be5 g5]\s en\gh to provide4 ,if y f9d a /ud5t draw+ a lead p5cil across a piece ( pla/]+ :i* y h put on1 y mu/ let t /ud5t "k t he is de/roy+ :at y h work$ h>d to create1 & t :5 he de/roys t build+ he is de/roy+ some?+ :i* /ud5ts yet to come %\ld h ! opportunity ( enjoy+4 ,we want to be sure t 9 e indu/ry1 9 e dep>tm5t ( ! in/itution1 !re is simplicity1 humbl5ess1 ?or\ghness4 ,:atev] is intru/$ to y to d 9 ! indu/rial dep>tm5ts1 9 ! class rooms1 be sure t y put y\r :ole he>t into t ?+4 ,we d n expect to h f9e1 co/ly build+s1 nor d we want to h !m4 ,b we d expect to h well-con/ruct$ build+s1 & attractive build+s2 &1 if we c g on 9 ?is simple1 humble way1 ! "t w come :5 we %all h all ! build+s we ne$4 ,j 9 proportion z our fri5ds see t we are wor?y ( ^! good ?+s1 !y w come to u4 ,we want to be sure1 also1 t 9 no dep>tm5t is !re any wa/efulness4 ,we mu/ try to make e doll> g z f> z possible4 ,we mu/ /ret* a doll>1 z ,i h he>d ,mr4 ,baldw9 say1 until x c be /ret*$ no fur!r4 ,n[1 !re w be wa/e unless we put our consci5ce into ev]y?+ t we d4 ,!re w be wa/e 9 ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t1 9 ! academic dep>tm5t1 9 ! indu/rial dep>tm5t1 9 ! religi\s dep>tm5t1 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ab\t u1 unless we put our consci5ce into ev]y?+ t we d4 ,let u be sure t n a s+le doll> t is giv5 to u is wa/$1 because ! same p :o give to u are call$ ^u almo/ e day 9 ! week1 ea* ye>1 to give = hundr$s ( purposes1 & !y h to *oose :i* !y w support4 ,!y mu/ decide :e!r !y want to give to ?is cause1 or to t cause1 & !y w give to u if we make !m feel t we are m wor?y ?an o!r simil> in/itutions4 ,we want1 also1 to be sure t we rema9 simple 9 our dress & 9 all our outw>d appe>ance4 ,i d n l to see a "y man :o is poor1 & ^: tuition is be+ paid by "s "o1 & :o has no books1 sometimes has no socks1 sometimes has no dec5t %oes1 we>+ a :ite1 /iff1 %9+ coll> :i* he has s5t away to be laund]$4 ,i d n l to ask p to give money = su* a "y man z t4 ,x is mu* bett] = a "y man to le>n to laund] 8 coll>s himself1 ?an to pret5d to ! _w t he is :at he is n4 ,:5 y s5d a coll> to ! city laundry1 x indicates t y h a bank acc\nt2 x indicates t y h money ahead1 & c af=d t luxury4 ,n[ ,i d n believe t y c af=d x2 & t k9d ( pret5ce & t k9d ( act+ d n pay4 ,get "r d[n to bus9ess1 &1 z ,i h said1 if we _c d up y\r coll>s well en\gh "h to suit y1 :y1 get "s soap & wat]1 & />*1 & an iron1 & le>n to laund] y\r own coll>s1 & keep on laund]+ !m until y c d !m bett] ?an anybody else4 ,i am n try+ to disc\rage y ab\t we>+ nice coll>s4 ,i l to see e coll> %9e4 ,i l to see e coll> z bright z possible4 ,i l to see y we> good1 attractive coll>s4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 want y to get ! idea t coll>s make ! man4 ,y q (t5 see f9e cuffs & coll>s1 :5 !re is no real man !re4 ,y want to be sure to get ! man fir/4 ,be sure t ! man is !re1 & if he is1 ! coll>s & ! cuffs w come 9 due "t4 ,if !re is no man !re1 we may put on all ! coll>s & cuffs we c get1 & we %all f9d t !y w n make ! man4 ,:5 y h f9i%$ s*ool1 aft] y h gone out & e/abli%$ y\rselves 9 "s k9d ( bus9ess1 aft] y h le>n$ to save money1 & h got a good bank acc\nt ahead1 if y are :]e ! laund]+ is n suffici5tly well done to suit y1 :y p]haps y c af=d to s5d y\r coll>s =ty or fifty miles away4 ,b z ,i see y "y m51 ,i d n believe y c af=d x4 ,& if y c af=d x1 :y1 ,i %\ld l to h y pay t money = a "p ( y\r tuition1 :i* we n[ h to get "s "o else to pay = y4 ,y want to be v sure1 too1 t z y g out into ! _w1 y g out n a%am$ to "w2 n a%am$ to put 9 practice :at y h le>n$ "h4 ,z ,i come 9 contact ) our graduates1 ,i am v glad to be able to say t 9 almo/ no in/ance h ,i f\nd a /ud5t :o has be5 at ,tuskegee long en\gh to le>n ! ways ( ! in/itution1 or a graduate :o has be5 a%am$ to use 8 h&s4 ,n[ t reputation we want to keep up4 ,we want to be sure t su* a reputation z ?is foll[s e /ud5t :o goes out4 ,& !n be v sure t y are simple 9 y\r words & y\r language4 ,write y\r lett]s 9 ! simple/ & pla9e/ mann] possible4 ,:o ( y did n und]/& :at 0 said by ,mr4 ,john ,d4 ,rockefell]1 ,jr41 :5 he spoke f ?is plat=m a few ev5+s ago8 ,0 !re a s+le ^w1 or a s+le ref]5ce1 or figure ( spee*1 t he us$ t y did n und]/& ! full =ce (1 or did n appreciate8 ,"h is a man ^: fa!r is p]haps ! ri*e/ man 9 ! _w1 & yet !re 0 no tomfool]y ab\t 8 spee*4 ,e ^w 0 simple & pla91 & ev]ybody c\ld und]/& ev]y?+ t he said4 ,he us$ no ,lat9 or ,greek quotations4 ,"s p get ! idea t if !y c get a little education1 & a little money ahead1 & c talk s t no "o c und]/& !m1 !y are educat$4 ,t is a great mi/ake1 because nobody und]/&s !m1 & !y d n und]/& !mselves4 ,n[1 ! _w has no sympa?y ) t k9d ( ?+4 ,if y h any?+ to write1 write x 9 ! pla9e/ mann] possible4 ,use j z few words z possible1 & z simple words z possible4 ,if y c get a ^w ) "o syllable t w express y\r mean+1 use x 9 pref]5ce to "o ( two syllables4 ,if y c n get a suitable ^w ( "o syllable1 try to get "o ( two syllables in/ead ( ?ree or f\r4 ,at any rate make y\r words j z %ort z possible1 & y\r s5t5ces z %ort & simple z y c make !m4 ,!re is great p[] 9 simplicity1 simplicity ( spee*1 simplicity ( life 9 e =m4 ,! _w has no pati5ce ) p :o are sup]ficial1 :o are try+ to %[ (f1 :o are try+ to be :at ! _w kn[s !y are n4 ,y "k y sometimes get fright5$ & disc\rag$ ab\t ! laws t "s ( ! ,/ates are incl9$ to pass1 & t "s ( !m are pass+1 b !re is no ,/ate1 !re is no municipality1 !re is no p[] on e>?1 t c neutralize ! influ5ce ( a high1 pure1 simple & useful life4 ,e individual :o le>ns to live su* a life w f9d an opportunity to make 8 influ5ce felt4 ,no "o c 9 any way p]man5tly hold back a race ( p :o are gett+ ^? elem5ts ( /r5g? :i* ! _w recognizes1 :i* ! _w has always recogniz$1 & :i* x always w recognize1 z indicat+ ! highe/ type ( manhood & womanhood4 ,!re is no?+1 !n1 to be disc\rag$ ab\t4 ,we are go+ =w>d1 & we %all keep go+ =w>d if we d n let ^! difficulties :i* sometimes occur disc\rage u4 ,y w f9d t e man & e woman :o is wor?y to be respect$ & prais$ & recogniz$ w be respect$ & prais$ & recogniz$4 ,,h ,,y ,,done ,,y\r ,,be/8 ,?is talk 0 giv5 at ! middle ( ! s*ool ye>4 ,if y h n already done s--& ,i hope y h--,i ?9k t y w f9d ?is a conv5i5t season = ea* "o ( y to /op & to consid] y\r s*ool-ye> v c>efully2 to consid] y\r life 9 s*ool f e po9t ( view2 to place y\rselves1 z x 71 9 ! pres5ce ( y\r p>5ts1 or y\r fri5ds at home2 to place y\rselves 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? :o /& by & support ?is in/itution2 to place y\rselves 9 ! pres5ce ( y\r tea*]s & ( all :o are 9 any way int]e/$ 9 y4 ,n[1 suppose y 7 to-night sitt+ d[n by y\r p>5ts' side1 by _! fireside1 look+ !m 9 ! face1 or by ! side ( y\r ne>e/ & de>e/ fri5ds1 ^? :o h done ! mo/ = y1 ^? :o h /ood by y mo/ closely4 ,suppose y 7 9 t position4 ,i want to ask y to answ] ?is "q1 ,9 consid]+ y\r s*ool life--9 y\r /udies1 = example--dur+ ! ye>1 ?us f>1 h y done y\r be/8 ,h y be5 really hone/ ) y\r p>5ts1 :o h /ruggl$1 :o h sacrific$1 :o h toil$ = ye>s1 9 ways y d n "k (1 9 ord] t y might come "h1 & 9 ord] t y might rema9 "h8 ,h y really be5 int]e/$ 9 !m8 ,h y really be5 hone/ ) y\r tea*]s8 ,h y be5 hone/ ) ^? :o support ?is in/itution8 ,h y really1 9 a ^w1 9 ! prep>ation & recitation ( y\r lessons1 done y\r level be/8 ,"r out f y\r he>ts1 h y done y\r be/8 ,i fe> t a great _m ( y1 :5 y look y\r consci5ce squ>ely 9 ! face1 :5 y get "r d[n to y\r real selves1 at ! bottom ( y\r lives1 mu/ answ] t y h n done y\r be/4 ,!re h be5 preci\s m9utes1 !re h be5 preci\s h\rs1 t y h completely ?r[n away1 h\rs = :i* y _c %[ a s+le return4 ,n[1 if y h n done y\r level be/1 "r out /raight f y\r he>t1 9 ! prep>ation & recitation ( y\r lessons1 & 9 all y\r "w1 x is n too late = y to make am5ds4 ,i %\ld be v sorry if ,i wait$ until ! end ( ! t]m to rem9d y ( ?is1 because x w\ld !n be too late4 ,!re w\ld be _m ( y ) long faces1 :o w\ld say1 if y 7 rem9d$ !n1 t y c\ld h done s mu* bett]1 w\ld h be5 s mu* m hone/ ) y\r p>5ts & fri5ds1 if y _h only be5 rem9d$ e>li]2 & t 9 e way y w\ld h made y\r lives s diff]5t f :at !y _h be54 ,n[1 x isn't too late4 ,grant1 z ,i "k t numb]s ( y w grant1 t y h ?r[n away preci\s "t1 t y h be5 indiff]5t to ! advice ( y\r tea*]s1 t y really hav5't be5 hone/ ) y\rselves 9 ! prep>ation ( y\r lessons1 t y h be5 c>eless 9 y\r recitations4 ,i want y to be really hone/ ) y\rselves & say1 f to-night on1 ,i am go+ to take *>ge ( myself4 ,i am n go+ to drift 9 ?is respect4 ,i am go+ to r[ up ! /ream2 & my life1 z a s*oolboy or a s*oolgirl1 is go+ to be diff]5t f :at x has be54 ,n[ place y\rselves aga9 9 ! pres5ce ( y\r p>5ts1 ( ^? :o are de>e/ to y1 & answ] ?is "q1 ,9 y\r "w1 9 y\r indu/rial "w "h1 h y done y\r real be/8 ,9 ! field & 9 ! %op1 ) ! pl\gh1 ! tr[el1 ! hamm]1 ! saw1 h y done y\r level be/8 ,h y done y\r be/ 9 ! sew+ room & 9 ! cook+ classes8 ,h y ju/ifi$ y\r p>5ts 9 ! sacrifice ( "t & money :i* !y h made 9 ord] to all[ y to come "h8 ,if y hav5't done y\r be/ 9 ^! respects--& _m ( y hav5't--!re is /ill "t = y to become a diff]5t man or woman4 ,x isn't too late4 ,y c turn y\rselves completely ar\nd4 ,^? ( y :o h be5 indiff]5t & sl[1 ^? ( y :o h be5 ?\ghtless & slov5ly1 ^? ( y :o h tri$ to f9d out h[ little ef=t ( body or m9d y c\ld put into y\r indu/rial "w "h1--x isn't too late = y to turn y\rselves completely ar\nd 9 t respect1 & to say t f to-night y are go+ to be a diff]5t man or woman4 ,h y done y\r level be/ 9 mak+ y\r surr\nd+s :at ! s*ool requires1 :at y\r s*ool life %\ld be1 9 le>n+ h[ to take c>e ( y\r bodies1 9 le>n+ h[ to keep y\r bodies clean & pure1 9 ! consci5ti\s1 sy/ematic use ( ! too? bru%8 ,h y done y\r be/8 ,h y be5 d[nright hone/ 9 t respect1 alone8 ,h y us$ ! too? bru% j because y felt x 0 a requirem5t ( ! s*ool1 or because y felt t y c\ld n be clean or hone/ ) y\r room-mates1 t y c\ld n be y\rself 9 ! sight ( ,god1 unless y us$ ! too? bru%8 ,h y us$ x 9 ! d>k1 z well z 9 ! light8 ,h y le>n$ t1 ev5 if y\r room 0 n go+ to be inspect$ on a c]ta9 day1 x 0 j z important t y le>n ! lesson ( be+ consci5ti\s ab\t keep+ x 9 ord] z if y knew x 0 go+ to be inspect$8 ,h y be5 c>eful 9 ?is respect8 ,h y %ift$ ?is duty1 or neglect$ t duty8 ,h y ?r[n "s task (f on to y\r room-mates8 ,h y tri$ to slide out ( x1 or1 z x 71 to get by1 z ! slang phrase goes1 )\t do+ really hone/1 /raight=w>d "w1 z reg>ds ! cleanl9ess ( y\r room1 ! improvem5t ( x1 ! mak+ ( x m attractive8 ,h y be5 really hone/ ) y\rselves & y\r p>5ts1 & ) ^? :o sp5d s mu* money = ! support ( ?is in/itution8 ,above all1 h y be5 really true to y\r p>5ts & to y\r be/ selves 9 gr[+ 9 /r5g? ( "*1 9 /r5g? ( purpose1 9 be+ d[nright hone/8 ,^? ( y :o came "h1 = in/ance1 ) ! habit ( tell+ falsehoods1 ( deceiv+ 9 "o way or ano!r2 ^? ( y :o came "h ) ! temptation1 p]haps1 9 too _m cases1 ov]%ad[+ y & ov]p[]+ y1 to take prop]ty :i* does n belong to y2 h y be5 really hone/ 9 ov]com+ habits ( ?is k9d8 ,are y build+ "*8 ,are y less will+ to yield to temptation8 ,are y m able to ov]come temptation n[ ?an y 78 ,if y are n m able1 y h n gr[n 9 ?is respect4 ,b x is n too late4 ,if !re are "s ( y :o h be5 un=tunate en\gh to all[ little mean habits1 mean dispositions1 mean acts1 mean ?\ghts1 mean words1 to get ! upp]mo/ ( y--9 a ^w1 if y\r life ?us f> has be5 a little1 dri$-up1 n>r[ life1 get rid ( t life4 ,?r[ op5 y\r he>t4 ,say n[1 ,i am n go+ to be conqu]$ by little1 mean ?\ghts1 words & acts any long]4 ,h]eaft] all my ?\ghts1 all my words1 all my acts1 %all be l>ge1 g5]\s1 high1 pure4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i want y to get hold ( ?is idea1 t y c make ! future ( y\r lives j :at y want to make x4 ,y c make x bright1 happy1 useful1 if y le>n ?is fundam5tal lesson1 & /ick to x :ile 9 s*ool1 or aft] y g away f "h1 t x doesn't pay any individual to d any less ?an 8 v be/4 ,x doesn't pay to be any?+ else b d[nright hone/ 9 he>t4 ,any p]son :o is n hone/1 :o is n try+ to d 8 v be/ 9 ! classroom or 9 ! %op1 no matt] :]e he may be1 w f9d out t x does n pay 9 ! long run4 ,y may ?9k x be/ = a little :ile1 b p]man5tly x does n pay any man or woman to be any?+ b really1 d[nright hone/1 & to d 8 or h] level be/4 ,n[ ,i want y to ?9k ab\t ^! ?+s1 n only "h 9 ! *apel to-night1 b to-morr[ 9 y\r class-rooms1 & ) ref]5ce to ev]y?+ y t\*4 ,i want to see y let x %9e out1 ev5 at ! v ends ( y\r f+]s1 t y are do+ y\r be/ 9 ev]y?+4 ,d ?is1 & y w f9d at ! end ( ! ye> t y are gr[+ /rong]1 pur]1 & bright]1 t y are mak+ y\r p>5ts & ^? int]e/$ 9 y happi]1 & t y are prep>+ y\rselves to d :at ?is in/itution & ! c\ntry expect y to d4 ,,don',t ,,be ,,disc\rag$ ,la/ ,sunday ev5+ ,i spoke to y = a few m9utes reg>d+ ! importance ( det]m9+ to d ! "r ?+ 9 e phase ( y\r s*ool life4 ,!re are a few ?+s t ent] into /ud5t life :i*1 9 a v l>ge degree1 cause ! untrue to fall by ! wayside1 & :i* prev5t /ud5ts f do+ _! v be/4 ,among ^! ?+s is ! disposition to gr[ disc\rag$4 ,v _m p1 v _m /ud5ts1 :o o!rwise w\ld succe$1 :o w\ld g ?r\gh s*ool cr$itably1 graduat+ ) hon\rs1 h fail$ to succe$ because !y became disc\rag$4 ,n[ !re are a numb] ( ?+s 9 s*ool life t cause a /ud5t to become disc\rag$1 & ,i am go+ to try to enum]ate a few ( !m1 al?\gh ,i d n "k t ,i %all m5tion ne>ly all ( !m4 ,/ud5ts frequ5tly become disc\rag$ on acc\nt ( _! indu/rial "w4 ,x is n ( ! "* t !y want x to be1 or !y d n get assign$ to ! trade !y want to "w at4 ,/ill o!rs become disc\rag$ because ( _! classroom /udies4 ,!y f9d t _! /udies are difficult2 t _! lessons are too long & _! memories too %ort4 ,!y f9d t !y _c und]/& ! tea*]1 or !y ?9k !y f9d t ! tea*] does n und]/& !m4 ,"s become disc\rag$ because !y ?9k t !y are entirely misund]/ood1 are misund]/ood by _! classmates & by _! tea*]s4 ,!y ?9k t _! ef=ts 9 ! classroom & 9 ! %op are n prop]ly appreciat$4 ,o!rs become disc\rag$ because !y feel t !y are )\t fri5ds4 ,x seems to !m t o!r /ud5ts h fri5ds on e h& :o are enc\rag+ !m1 :o s5d !m money1 :o supply !m ) clo?+1 & t !y !mselves h no su* fri5ds4 ,y become disc\rag$ = su* reasons z ^!4 ,y feel t y\r highe/ & be/ ef=ts are n appreciat$4 ,?is t5ds to disc\rage y4 ,!re are n a few ( y :o get disc\rag$ because y feel t y belong to a despis$ race2 t = a long "t y h be5 trampl$ ^u because ( y\r col\r1 & because ( c]ta9 peculi> *>act]i/ics2 t y h be5 neglect$ or oppress$1 & t !re is no reason :y y %\ld make an ef=t to g =w>d2 t y belong to a race t is doom$ to disappo9tm5t1 to /ay "u1 & to n succe$4 ,"s ( y become disc\rag$ & despond5t because ( pov]ty4 ,p]haps "h ,i /rike ! basis ( ! reason = mo/ ( ! disc\ragem5t4 ,y come "h1 & y\r p>5ts disappo9t y4 ,!y d n supply y ) money4 ,y become disc\rag$ because !y d n supply y ) prop] clo?+1 or ) :at y ?9k y ought to h1 &1 v (t51 ) su* z y really ought to h1 & t di%e>t5s y4 ,y f9d t o!r /ud5ts h money1 & y h none4 ,!y h money n only = ! necessities ( s*ool life1 b = "s ( ! luxuries1 :ile y h n en\gh = ev5 ! b>e necessities4 ,o!r /ud5ts are m ?an suppli$ ) clo?+1 :ile y are v scantily suppli$4 ,y %iv]1 9 _m cases1 by reason ( ! cold1 :ile o!rs are com=table & nicely dress$4 ,sometimes y are ev5 a%am$ to %[ y\rself 9 public1 because ( ! appe>ance ( ! old coat1 or tr\s]s1 or %oes t y h to we>4 ,"s ( y become disc\rag$ because y f9d y\rselves )\t ! prop] books4 ,"s ( y _c get ! money ne$$ to pur*ase books1 a too? bru%1 & o!r necess>y ?+s4 ,y f9d y\rselves cramp$ & hamp]$ on e h&4 ,y are disc\rag$ at ?is po9t & at t po9t1 & y feel t nobody's lot is z h>d z y\r own4 ,y become disc\rag$1 y become dissatisfi$1 & y feel l giv+ up4 ,n[ ,i want to sugge/ to y to-night t ?is v ?+ ( disc\ragem5t1 z an elem5t 9 life1 is = a purpose4 ,i d n believe t any?+1 any elem5t ( y\r lives1 is put into !m )\t a purpose4 ,i believe t e ef=t t we are oblig$ to make to ov]come ob/acles w give u /r5g?1 w give u a confid5ce 9 ourselves1 t no?+ else c give u4 ,i w\ld t5 times r see y hav+ a h>d /ruggle to elevate y\rselves1 hav+ a h>d "t ei!r at "w on ! f>m1 or on ! build+s1 or 9 ! %ops1 )\t money & )\t clo!s1 ?an to see y "h hav+ too mu* money1 & hav+ ev]y?+ t y want come to y )\t any ef=t on y\r "p4 ,y are bless$1 z comp>$ ) "s p4 ,! man or woman :o has money1 )\t hav+ _h to "w = x1 :o has all ! com=ts ( life1 )\t ef=t1 & :o saves 8 own s\l & p]haps ! s\l ( somebody else1 su* an individual is r>e1 v r>e inde$4 ,n[ x is n a curse to be situat$ z "s ( y are1 & if y w make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to ov]come ! ob/acles & ! difficulties by :i* y are surr\nd$1 y w f9d t 9 e ef=t y make to ov]come ^! difficulties y are gr[+ 9 /r5g? & confid5ce4 ,make up y\r m9ds t y are n go+ to all[ any?+ to disc\rage y4 ,make up y\r m9ds t poor lessons1 scold+s on ! "p ( y\r tea*]s1 want ( money1 want ( books--t none ( ^! %all disc\rage y4 ,make up y\r m9d t 9 spite ( race & col\r1 9 spite ( ! ob/acles t surr\nd y1 9 spite ( ev]y?+1 y are go+ to succe$ 9 y\r s*ool life1 & are go+ to prep>e y\rself = usefulness h]eaft]4 ,e p]son :o has gr[n to any degree ( usefulness1 e p]son :o has gr[n to di/9ction1 almo/ )\t exception has be5 a p]son :o has ris5 by ov]com+ ob/acles1 by remov+ difficulties1 by resolv+ t :5 he met disc\ragem5ts he w\ld n give up4 ,make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to ov]come e disc\ragem5t1 & t y are n go+ to let any disc\ragem5t ov]come y4 ,^? ( y :o h be5 incl9$ to be moody & morose1 or h be5 incl9$ to feel t ! :ole _w is aga9/ y1 t !re is no use = y to try to elevate y\rselves1 make up y\r m9ds t y\r future is j z bright z t ( anybody else4 ,d ?is1 & y w f9d t y h x 9 y\r own p[] to make y\r future bright or gloomy1 j z y desire4 ,,on ,,gett+ ,a ,,home ,e col\r$ man owes x to himself1 & to 8 *ildr5 z well1 to secure a home j z soon z possible4 ,no matt] h[ small ! plot ( gr\nd may be1 or h[ humble ! dwell+ plac$ on x1 some?+ t c be call$ a home %\ld be secur$ )\t delay4 ,a home c be secur$ mu* easi] ?an _m imag9e4 ,a small am\nt ( money sav$ f week to week1 or f mon? to mon?1 & c>efully inve/$ 9 a piece ( l&1 w soon secure a site ^u :i* to build a com=table h\se4 ,no individual %\ld feel satisfi$ until he has a com=table home4 ,m & m ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are mak+ "o ( ! conditions = vot+1 ! own]%ip ( at lea/ #cjj wor? ( prop]ty1 s t p]sons :o own homes w n only reap ! b5efits t come f own+ a home1 9 o!r directions1 b w also f9d !mselves entitl$ to ca/ _! ballot4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 z to ! location ( ! l&4 ,x is ( little advantage to secure a lot 9 "s cr[d$1 fil?y alley4 ,"o %\ld try to secure a lot on a good /reet1 a /reet t is c>efully & well work$1 s t ! surr\nd+s ( ! home w be enjoyable4 ,ev5 if "o has to g a good ways into ! c\ntry to secure su* a lot1 x is mu* bett] ?an to buy a build+ spot on an unsightly1 undesirable alley4 ,i believe t our p d be/1 z a rule1 to buy l& 9 ! c\ntry in/ead ( 9 ! city2 b 9 ei!r case we %\ld n re/ until we h secur$ a home 9 "o place or ! o!r4 ,no man has a "r to m>ry & run ! risk ( leav+ 8 wife at 8 dea? )\t a home4 ,i notice ) regret t !re are _m ( our p :o h already b\ght homes1 :o1 aft] !y h secur$ ! l&1 paid = x & built a cab9 conta9+ two or ?ree rooms1 d n seek to g any fur!r 9 ! improvem5t ( ! prop]ty4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 9 too _m cases1 ! h\se & y>d1 especially ! y>d1 are n kept clean4 ,! f5ces are n kept 9 repair4 ,:itewa% & pa9t are n us$ z !y %\ld be4 ,aft] ! h\se is paid =1 ! greate/ c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to see t x is kept 9 fir/-class repair2 t ! walls ( ! h\se & ! f5ces are kept neatly pa9t$ or :itewa%$2 t no pal+s are all[$ to fall (f ! f5ce1 or if !y d fall (f1 to rema9 (f4 ,if !re is a b>n or a h5h\se1 ^! %\ld be kept 9 repair1 & %\ld1 l ! h\se1 be made to look neat & attractive by pa9t & :itewa%4 ,pa9t & :itewa% add a great deal to ! value ( a h\se4 ,if p]sons w\ld le>n to use ev5 a "p ( ! "t !y sp5d 9 idle gossip or 9 /&+ ab\t on ! /reets1 9 :itewa%+ or pa9t+ _! h\ses1 x w\ld make a great diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( ! build+s1 z well z add to _! value4 ,only a %ort "t ago1 ne> a c]ta9 t[n1 ,i visit$ ! h\se--,i c\ld n call x a home--( a presid+ eld]1 a man :o _h receiv$ consid]able education1 & :o sp5t 8 "t 9 go+ ab\t ov] 8 di/rict prea*+ to hundr$s & ?\s&s ( col\r$ p2 & yet ! home ( ?is man 0 almo/ a disgrace to him & to 8 race4 ,! h\se 0 n pa9t$ or :itewa%$2 ! f5ce 0 9 ! same condition2 ! y>d 0 full ( we$s2 !re 7 no walks laid out 9 ! y>d2 !re 7 no fl[]s 9 x4 ,9 fact ev]y?+ on ! outside ( ! h\se & 9 ! y>d pres5t$ a mo/ dismal & disc\rag+ appe>ance4 ,s f> z ,i c\ld see !re 0 n a s+le vegetable ar\nd ?is h\se1 nor did ,i see any *ick5s or f[ls ( any k9d4 ,?is is n ! way to live1 & especially is x n ! way = a m9i/] or a tea*] to live1 = !y are m5 :o are suppos$ to lead _! p n only by ^w b by example4 ,e m9i/] & e tea*] %\ld make 8 home1 8 y>d1 & 8 g>d51 models = ! p :om he attempts to tea* & lead4 ,i confess t ,i h no confid5ce 9 ! prea*+ ( a m9i/] ^: home is 9 ! condition ( ! "o ,i h describ$4 ,!re is no ne$ :y1 z a race1 we %\ld get into ! mis]able & un=tunate habit ( liv+ 9 h\ses t are out ( repair1 t are n :itewa%$ or pa9t$1 t are n com=table1 & above all else1 9 h\ses t we d n own4 ,!re is no reason :y we %\ld n make our homes n only com=table1 b attractive1 s t no "o c tell f ! outside appe>ance1 at lea/1 :e!r ! h\se is occupi$ by a :ite family or a black family4 ,aft] a h\se has be5 paid =1 x n only %\ld be improv$ f ye> to ye> & kept 9 good repair1 b1 z ! family gr[s1 new rooms %\ld be add$4 ,! h\se %\ld n only be made com=table1 b %\ld be made conv5i5t4 ,z soon z possible !re %\ld be a sitt+ room1 :]e books & pap]s c be f\nd1 a room 9 :i* ! :ole family may read & /udy dur+ ! w9t] nights4 ,i d n believe t any h\se is complete )\t a ba?room4 ,z soon z possible e "o ( our h\ses %\ld be provid$ ) a ba?room1 s t ! body ( e memb] ( ! family c be baptiz$ e morn+ 9 clean1 invigorat+1 fre% wat]4 ,su* a ba? puts "o 9 prop] condition = ! "w ( ! day1 & n only keeps "o well physically1 b /rong morally & religi\sly4 ,ano!r important "p ( ! home is ! d9+-room4 ,! d9+-room %\ld be ! mo/ attractive & mo/ com=table room 9 ! h\se4 ,x %\ld be l>ge & airy1 a room into :i* pl5ty ( sunlight c come1 & a room t c be kept com=table bo? 9 ! summ] & 9 ! w9t]4 ,^! sugge/ions are made to y ) ! hope t y w put !m into practice1 & also t y w influ5ce o!rs to d ! same4 ,!y are all sugge/ions t we1 z a race1 not)/&+ our pov]ty1 9 mo/ cases c f9d a way to put into practice4 ,e "o ( !m %\ld be tak5 up by our tea*]s1 our m9i/]s & by our educat$ "y p4 ,!y %\ld be taught & urg$ 9 s*ool1 9 *ur*1 9 f>m]s' meet+s1 9 wom5's meet+s1 &1 9 fact1 :]ev] ! p ( ! race come toge!r4 ,,call+ ,,?+s ,,by ,,_! ,,"r ,,names ,a few ev5+s ago ,i talk$ ) y ab\t ! importance ( le>n+ to be simple1 humble & *ild-l be=e go+ out into ! _w4 ,y %\ld rema9 9 s*ool until y get to ! po9t :]e y feel t y d n "k any?+1 :]e y feel t y are will+ to le>n f any "o :o c tea* y4 ,un=tunately !re are _m ?+s "h 9 ! ,s\? :i* t5d to lead away f ?is simplicity to :i* ,i h ref]r$4 ,!re is a great incl9ation to make ?+s appe> :at !y are n4 ,= example3 take ! s*ools4 ,!re is a great t5d5cy to call s*ools by names :i* d n belong to !m1 & :i* d n correctly repres5t t :i* 9 reality exi/s4 ,y w f9d ! habit gr[+ m preval5t e ye>1 ,i fe>1 ( call+ a s*ool a univ]sity1 or a college1 or an academy1 or a high-s*ool4 ,9 fact we seldom he> ( a pla91 common1 public or grad$ s*ool4 ,we d ourselves no good :5 we yield to t temptation4 ,if a s*ool is a public s*ool1 call x "o2 b d n ?9k t we ga9 any?+ by call+ a little c\ntry s*ool1 ) two or ?ree rooms & "o or two tea*]s1 :]e "s ( ! /ud5ts are /udy+ ! alphabet1 a univ]sity4 ,& /ill ?is is too (t5 done ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 z y "k4 ,no respect or confid5ce is ga9$ by ! practice1 b1 on ! contr>y1 s5sible p get disgu/$ ) su* false pret5ces4 ,:5 y g out into ! _w & meet ) su* cases z ?is1 try to make ! p see t x is a great deal bett] to call _! small public s*ool by a "n :i* truly repres5ts x1 ?an to call x a high-s*ool or an academy4 ,i d n by any means int5d to say t s*ools d n h ! "r to aspire to become high-s*ools & colleges4 ,:at ,i mean to say is t x is hurtful to ! race to get into ! habit ( call+ e little in/itution ( le>n+ t is op5$1 a college or a univ]sity4 ,x weak5s u & prev5ts u f gett+ a solid1 sure f\ndation4 ,aga91 we make ! same mi/ake :5 we call e prea*] or p]son :o /&s 9 a pulpit to read f x1 ,doctor1 :e!r or n t degree has be5 conf]r$ ^u him4 ,s5sible p get tir$ ( t k9d ( ?+4 ,! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity 0 once held 9 ! highe/ e/eem1 & 0 conf]r$ only ^u ^? m9i/]s :o _h really become entitl$ to x because ( "s orig9al rese>* or o!r "w ( high s*ol>%ip4 ,among highly educat$ p ?is rule holds /ill4 ,b to-day1 especially 9 ! ,s\?1 _m a little in/itution t op5s its doors & calls itself a college or a univ]sity1 is beg9n+ to conf] degrees1 & make doctors ( div9ity ( p]sons :o are unwor?y ( degrees4 ,& sometimes1 %\ld ^! p]sons fail to get an in/itution to conf] a degree on !m1 !y conf] x on !mselves6 ,! habit is gett+ to be s common t 9 little t[ns ! m9i/]s are call+ !mselves ,doctors4 ,"o pa/or w meet ano!r & say1 ,good morn+1 ,doctor1 & ! o!r1 wi%+ to be z polite z 8 fri5d1 w say1 ,h[ are y1 ,doctor8 & s x goes on1 until bo? beg9 to believe !y really are ,doctors4 ,n[ ?is practice is n only ridicul\s1 b x is v hurtful to u z a race1 & x %\ld be disc\rag$4 ,mu* ! same criticism may be made ( _m ( ^? :o tea*4 ,a p]son :o tea*es a little c\ntry s*ool1 p]haps 9 a bru% arb\r1 is call$ ,pr(essor4 ,e p]son :o leads a /r+ b& is call$ ,pr(essor4 ,i 0 9 a small t[n n long ago1 & ,i he>d ! p speak+ ( "s "o z ! pr(essor4 ,i 0 anxi\s to "k :o ! pr(essor 04 ,s ,i wait$ a few m9utes1 & f9ally ! pr(essor came up1 & ,i recogniz$ him z a memb] ( "o ( our prep>atory classes4 ,n[1 don't suff] ! _w to put y 9 ?is silly1 ridicul\s position4 ,if p attempt to call y ,pr(essor1 or by any o!r title t is n y\rs1 tell !m t y are n a pr(essor1 t y are a simple mi/]4 ,t is a good en\gh title = any "o4 ,we h ! same "r to become pr(essors z any o!r p1 :5 we occupy positions :i* entitle u to t "n1 b we drag t title1 :i* ought to be a badge ( s*ol>%ip1 d[n into ! mud & mire :5 we all[ x to be misappli$4 ,we c>ry a simil> k9d ( deception into our s*ool "w :51 9 ! essays :i* we read & ! orations :i* we deliv]1 we simply rehe>se matt] a great deal ( :i* has be5 copi$ f "s "o else4 ,g into almo/ any *ur* :]e !re is "o ( ! doctors ( div9ity to :om ,i h ref]r$1 & y w he> s]mons copi$ out ( books & pamphlets4 ,! essays1 ! orations1 ! s]mons t are n ! productions ( ! p :o pret5d to write !m1 all come f ?is false f\ndation4 ,!n !re is ano!r error to :i* ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 especially 9 ! cities & t[ns1 !re are excell5t public s*ools1 well equipp$ 9 e way ) app>atus & mat]ial1 & provid$ ) good1 compet5t tea*]s1 b 9 "s cases ^! s*ools are crippl$ by reason ( ! fact t !re are little d5om9ational s*ools :i* deprive ! public s*ools ( _! rightful att5dance4 ,if ! s*ool c't be 9 ! *ur* ( "s p>ticul> d5om9ation1 x mu/ be ne> x4 ,9 ! av]age t[n !re may be ! d5om9ational s*ool ( ! ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*1 ( ! ,zion *ur*1 ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*1 ( ! ,wesleyan ,me?odi/ *ur*1 & s on1 all 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n4 ,in/ead ( support+ "o public s*ool1 provid$ at ! exp5se ( ! t[n or city1 !re exi/s ?is little1 n>r[ d5om9ational _s1 :i* is robb+ ^! innoc5t *ildr5 ( _! education4 ,we want to say to su* p z ^!1 p :o are cont5t s to deprive _! *ildr51 & h !m taught by "s second-rate tea*]1 t !y are wrong4 ,we want y to let ! p "k t ! great public-s*ool sy/em ( ,am]ica is ! nation's greate/ glory1 & t we d n help matt]s :5 we attempt to te> d[n ! public s*ool4 ,( c\rse x is ! "r & ! duty ( e d5om9ation to erect its own !ological sem9>ies & its colleges1 :]e ! special t5ets ( t d5om9ation are taught to ^? :o are prep>+ = its pulpit2 b no "o has a "r to let ?is d5om9ational _s defeat ! "w ( a public s*ool to :i* all %\ld be free to g4 ,i h 9 m9d a place :]e ! col\r$ p h an excell5t s*ool1 equal to t ( ! :ites4 ,i w5t ?r\gh ! build+ & f\nd x suppli$ ) improv$ app>atus & capable tea*]s1 & saw t fir/-class "w 0 done !re4 ,lat]1 ,i 0 tak5 ab\t a mile outside ! city1 :]e !re 0 a s*ool ) an incapable tea*]1 & "s sixty or sev5ty pupils be+ poorly taught4 ,"h 0 a ?ird-rate tea*] 9 a ?ird-rate build+1 poor "w1 & ! *ildr5 suff]+ = lack ( prop] in/ruction4 ,:y8 ,simply because ! p want$ a s*ool ( _! own d5om9ation 9 t "p ( ! city4 ,n[ y want to cultivate c\rage1 & see to x t y are brave en\gh to condemn ^! wrongs & to %[ ! p ! mi/akes :i* !y make 9 ^! matt]s4 ,i m5tion all ^! ?+s because !y h9d] u f gett+ a solid f\ndation4 ,!y h9d] u1 fur!r1 9 t 9 _m cases !y prev5t u f gett+ ! "r p[] ( lead]%ip 9 tea*+1 9 ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 & 9 _m o!r respects4 ,:]ev] y g1 !n1 make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to make y\r influ5ce felt 9 fav\r ( bett] prep>$ tea*]s & prea*]s--9 bett] prep>ation ( all ^? :o /& = lead]s ( ! p4 ,j 9 proportion z y set y\r lives "r 9 ?is matt]1 w ! masses ( ! race be incl9$ to foll[ y4 ,,european ,,impressions ,"s p "h 9 ,am]ica ?9k t "s ( u make too mu* ado ov] ! matt] ( indu/rial tra9+ = ! ,negro4 ,i wi% "s ( ! skeptics might g to ,europe & see :at races t are ye>s ahead ( u are do+ !re 9 t respect4 ,i %all n take ! "t "h to outl9e :at is be+ done = m5 9 ! direction ( indu/rial tra9+ 9 ,europe1 b ,i %all give "s acc\nt ( :at ,i saw be+ done = wom5 9 ,engl&4 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton & ,i visit$ ! ,agricultural ,college = wom51 at ,swanley1 ,engl&1 :]e we f\nd =ty intellig5t1 cultivat$ wom51 :o 7 mo/ ( !m graduates f high s*ools & colleges1 engag$ 9 /udy+ practical agriculture1 horticulture1 dairy+ & p\ltry rais+4 ,we f\nd ! wom5 9 ! laboratory & classrooms1 /udy+ agricultural *emi/ry1 botany1 zology1 & appli$ ma!matics1 & we also saw ^! same wom5 9 ! g>d51 plant+ vegetables1 trimm+ rose bu%es1 scatt]+ manure1 gr[+ grapes & rais+ fruit 9 ! hot-h\ses & 9 ! field4 ,z ano!r sugge/ion = our p1 ,i might m5tion t :ile ,i 0 9 ,engl& ,i knew ( "o ( ! lead+ memb]s ( ,p>liam5t leav+ 8 duties 9 t body = ?ree days to preside at a meet+ ( ! ,national ,association ( ,p\ltry ,rais]s1 :i* 0 l>gely att5d$ by p f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,9 ! trip :i* ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton & ,i made ?r\gh ,holl&1 we saw mu* :i* may be ( int]e/ to y4 ,x has be5 said t1 ,god made ! _w1 b ! ,dut* made ,holl&4 ,= "o to fully realize ! =ce ( ?is "o mu/ see ,holl& = himself4 ,"o ( ! be/ ways to see ! int]ior ( ,holl&1 & ! peasant life1 is to take a trip1 z we did1 on "o ( ! canal boats ply+ betwe5 ,antw]p1 9 ,belgium1 & ,rott]dam1 9 ,holl&4 ,x 0 especially int]e/+ = me to comp>e ! rural life 9 ,holl& ) ! life ( ! c\ntry col\r$ p 9 ! ,s\?4 ,holl& has be5 made :at x is v l>gely by ! unique sy/em ( dykes or levees :i* h be5 built !re to keep out ! wat] ( ! ocean1 & ?us enable ! p to use to advantage all ! l& !re is 9 t small c\ntry4 ,! great lesson :i* our col\r$ f>m]s c le>n f ! ,dut*1 is h[ to make a liv+ f a small plot ( gr\nd well cultivat$1 in/ead ( f =ty or fifty acres poorly till$4 ,i h se5 a :ole family mak+ a com=table liv+ by cultivat+ two acres ( l& !re1 :ile our ,s\!rn f>m]s1 9 too _m cases1 try to till fifty or a hundr$ acres1 & f9d !mselves 9 debt at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,9 all ,holl&1 ,i d n ?9k "o c f9d a hundr$ acres ( wa/e l&2 e foot ( l& is cov]$ ) grass1 vegetables1 gra9 or fruit trees4 ,ano!r advantage :i* our ,s\!rn f>m]s might h 9 try+ to patt]n aft] ! f>m]s ( ,holl&1 w\ld be t !y w\ld n be oblig$ to g to s mu* additional exp5se = horse or mule p[]4 ,mo/ ( ! cultivat+ ( ! soil !re is done ) a hoe & spade4 ,i saw ! p ( ,holl& on ,sunday & on week days1 b ,i did n see a s+le ,dut* man1 woman or *ild 9 rags4 ,!re 7 practically no begg>s & no v poor p4 ,!y owe _! prosp]ity1 too1 v l>gely to _! ?or\gh & intellig5t cultivation ( ! soil4 ,next to ! ?or\gh till+ ( ! soil1 ! ?+ ( mo/ int]e/ !re1 f :i* ! col\r$ p 9 ,am]ica may le>n a lesson1 is ! f9e dairy+ :i* has made ,holl& fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,ev5 ! poore/ family has its h]d ( ,hol/e9 cattle1 & !y are ! f9e/ specim5s ( cattle t x has ev] be5 my pleasure to see4 ,to wat* ?\s&s ( ^! cattle graz+ on ! fields is wor? a trip to ,holl&4 ,z ! result ( ! att5tion :i* !y h giv5 to bre$+ ,hol/e9 cattle1 ,dut* butt] & *eese are 9 dem& all ?r\gh ,europe4 ,! mo/ ord9>y f>m] !re has a ca% income z ! result ( ! sale ( 8 butt] & milk4 ,_m ( ^! p make m out ( ! w9d t bl[s ov] ! fields ?an our poor ,s\!rn p make out ( ! soil4 ,! old-fa%ion$ w9dmill is to be se5 on e f>m4 ,?is mill n only pumps ! wat] = ! live /ock1 b1 9 _m cases1 is made to op]ate ! dairy1 to saw ! wood1 to gr9d ! gra91 & to run ! heavy ma*9]y4 ,^! p are1 h[ev]1 n unlike our ,s\!rn p 9 "o respect1 & t is 9 hav+ _! wom5 & *ildr5 "w 9 ! fields4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is done 9 a l>g] measure ev5 ?an 9 ! ,s\? among ! col\r$ p4 ,an elem5t ( /r5g? 9 ! f>m+ & dairy+ int]e/s ( ^! p is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t _m ( ! f>m]s h receiv$ a college or univ]sity tra9+4 ,aft] ?is !y take a special c\rse 9 agriculture & dairy+4 ,?is is z x %\ld be4 ,our p 9 ! ,s\? w prosp] 9 proportion z a l>g] numb] ( univ]sity m5 take up agriculture & k9dr$ call+s aft] !y h f9i%$ _! academic education4 ,9 ! matt] ( physical appe>ance1 includ+ grace1 beauty1 & c>riage ( ! body1 ,i ?9k our own p are f> ahead ( ! ,dut*4 ,b ! ,dut* are a h>dy1 rugg$1 indu/ri\s race ( p4 ,9 our trip 9 ! canal boat we saw ! m5 at ! l&+s 9 l>ge numb]s1 9 _! wood5 %oes1 & ! wom5 & *ildr5 9 _! beautiful1 old-fa%ion$ head-dresses1 ea* community hav+ its own /yle ( head-dress1 :i* has be5 h&$ d[n f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,we 7 9 ,rott]dam ov] ,sunday4 ,! free & r boi/]\s comm+l+ ( ! sexes on ! /reet 0 notewor?y4 ,9 ?is1 also1 our p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld set an example to ! ,dut*4 ,! f\ndation ( ! civilization ( ^! p is 9 _! reg>d = & respect = ! law1 & _! obs]vance ( x4 ,?is is ! great lesson :i* ! entire ,s\? mu/ le>n be=e x c hope to receive ! respect & confid5ce ( ! _w4 ,europeans d n und]/& h[ ! ,s\? c disreg>d its own laws z x s (t5 does4 ,if y ask any man on t side ( ! ,atlantic :y he does n emigrate to ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he %rugs 8 %\ld]s & says1 ,no law2 !y kill4 ,i pray ,god t no "p ( our c\ntry may mu* long] h su* a reputation z t 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,f ,holl& we w5t to ,p>is4 ,on a beautiful1 sunny day1 if y c\ld comb9e ! :irl ( fa%ion & gaiety ( ,new ,york ,city1 ,bo/on & ,*icago on a prom95t av5ue1 y w\ld h "s idea ( :at is to be se5 9 ,p>is ^u "o ( h] popul> b\lev>ds4 ,fa%ion seem$ to sway ev]y?+ 9 t great city2 = example1 :5 ,i w5t into a %oe /ore to pur*ase a pair ( %oes1 ,i c\ld n f9d a pair l>ge en\gh to be com=table4 ,i 0 g5tly told t x 0 n ! fa%ion to we> l>ge %oes !re4 ,"o ( ! ?+s ,i _h 9 m9d :5 ,i w5t to ,france 0 to visit ! tomb ( ,t\ssa9t ,l',ouv]ture1 b ,i le>n$ f "s ,haitian g5tlem5 resid+ 9 ,p>is t ! grave ( t g5]al 0 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,france1 & ^! same g5tlem5 in=m$ me t 8 burial place is /ill )\t a monum5t ( any k9d4 ,x seems t x has be5 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,haitians = "s "t to remove 8 body to ,haiti1 b ?us f> x has be5 neglect$4 ,! ,haitian ,gov]nm5t & p owe x to !mselves1 x appe>s to me1 to see to x t ! re/+ place ( ?is great h]o is giv5 a prop] memorial1 ei!r 9 ,france or on ! isl& ( ,haiti4 ,speak+ ( ! ,haitians1 !re are a good _m well educat$ & cultivat$ m5 & wom5 ( t nationality 9 ,p>is4 ,numb]s ( !m are s5t !re ea* ye> = education1 & !y take high rank 9 s*ol>%ip4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ^! d n take advantage ( ! excell5t tra9+ :i* is giv5 !re 9 ! colleges ( physical sci5ce1 agriculture1 me*anics & dome/ic sci5ce4 ,!y w\ld !n be 9 a position to return home & assi/ 9 develop+ ! agricultural & m9]al res\rces ( _! native l&4 ,haiti w nev] be :at x %\ld be until a l>ge numb] ( ! natives receive an education :i* w enable !m to develop agriculture1 build roads1 />t manufactories1 build railroads & bridges1 & ?us keep on ! isl& ! l>ge am\nt ( money :i* is n[ be+ s5t outside = productions :i* ^! p !mselves c\ld supply4 ,9 all ! ,european cities :i* we visit$1 we comp>$ ! conduct ( ! rank & file ( ! p on ! /reets & 9 o!r places ) t ( our own p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & we h no hesitation 9 say+ t1 9 all t m>ks a lady or g5tleman1 our p 9 ! ,s\? d n suff] at all by ! comp>ison4 ,ev5 at ! camp-meet+s & o!r holiday ga!r+s 9 ! ,s\?1 ! deportm5t ( ! masses ( ! col\r$ p is q up to ! /&>d ( t ( ! av]age ,european 9 ! l>g] cities :i* we saw4 ,i %\ld /rongly advise our p aga9/ go+ to ,europe1 & especially to ,p>is1 ) ! hope ( secur+ employm5t1 unless =tifi$ by /rong fri5ds & a good supply ( money4 ,9 "o week1 9 ,p>is1 ?ree m5 ( my race call$ to see me1 & 9 ea* case ,i f\nd ! man to be practically 9 a />v+ condition4 ,!y 7 well-mean+1 indu/ri\s m51 :o _h gone !re ) ! idea t life 0 easy & "w sure2 b not)/&+ ! fact t !y walk$ ! /reets = days1 !y c\ld get no "w4 ,! fact t !y did n speak ! language1 nor und]/& ! cu/oms ( ! p1 made _! life j s mu* ! h>d]4 ,) ! assi/ance ( o!r ,am]icans1 ,i secur$ passage = "o ( ^! m5 to ,am]ica4 ,8 p>t+ ^w to me 01 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is good en\gh = me 9 ! future4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,home ,,life ,mo/ ( y are go+ out f ,tuskegee soon] or lat] to ex]t y\r influ5ce 9 ! home life ( our p4 ,y are go+ to h influ5ce 9 homes ( y\r own1 y are go+ to h influ5ce 9 ! homes ( y\r mo!rs & fa!rs1 or 9 ! homes ( y\r relatives4 ,y are go+ to ex]t an influ5ce = good or = evil 9 ! homes :]ev] y may g4 ,n[ ! "q h[ to br+ ab\t ! greate/ am\nt ( happ9ess 9 ^! homes is "o t %\ld conc]n e /ud5t "h4 ,i say ?is because ,i want y to realize t ea* "o ( y is to g out f "h to ex]t an influ5ce4 ,y are to ex]cise ?is influ5ce 9 ! communities :]e y g2 & if y fail to ex]cise x = ! good ( o!r individuals1 y h fail$ to accompli% ! purpose = :i* ?is in/itution exi/s4 ,9 ! fir/ place y want to ex]t y\r influ5ce 9 ^? directions t w br+ ab\t ! be/ results2 among ^! x is important t ! p h pres5t$ to !m ! highe/ =ms ( home life4 ,v (t5 ,i f9d x true--& especially ! m ,i travel ab\t among our p--t _m p]sons h ! idea t !y _c h com=table homes unless !y h a great am\nt ( money4 ,n[ "s ( ! happie/ & mo/ com=table homes ,i h ev] be5 9 h be5 homes :]e ! p h b little money2 9 fact1 !y might well be call$ poor p4 ,b 9 ^! homes !re 0 a c]ta9 degree ( ord] & conv5i5ce :i* made y feel z com=table z if y 7 9 ! homes ( p ( great weal?4 ,i want to speak pla9ly4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re mu/ be promptness 9 connection ) ev]y?+ 9 ! life ( ! home4 ,take ! matt] ( ! meals1 = in/ance4 ,x is impossible = a home to be prop]ly conduct$ unless !re is a c]ta9 "t = ea* meal1 & promptness mu/ be insi/$ on4 ,9 "s homes ! breakfa/ may be eat5 at six o'clock "o morn+1 at eight o'clock ! next morn+1 &1 p]haps1 at n9e o'clock ! morn+ aft] t4 ,d9n] may be s]v$ at twelve1 "o1 or two o'clock1 & supp] may be eat5 at five1 six or sev52 & ev5 !n "o-half ! memb]s ( ! family be abs5t :5 ! meal is s]v$4 ,!re is useless wa/e ( "t & en]gy 9 ?is1 & an unnecess>y am\nt ( worry4 ,x saves "t1 & x saves a great am\nt ( worry1 to h x und]/ood t !re is to be a c]ta9 "t = ea* meal1 & t all ! memb]s ( ! family are to be pres5t at t "t4 ,9 ?is way ! family w get rid ( a great deal ( annoyance1 & preci\s "t w be sav$ to be us$ 9 read+ or 9 "s o!r useful occupation4 ,!n z to ! matt] ( sy/em4 ,no matt] h[ *eap y\r homes are1 no matt] h[ pov]ty-/rick5 y may be 9 reg>d to money1 x is possible = ea* home to h its affairs prop]ly sy/ematiz$4 ,i wond] h[ _m h\sekeep]s c g into _! homes on ! d>ke/ night !re is1 & put _! h&s on ! box ( mat*es )\t difficulty4 ,t is "o way to te/ a good h\sekeep]4 ,if %e _c d ?is1 !n !re is a wa/e ( "t4 ,x saves "t & x saves worry1 too1 if y h a c]ta9 place 9 :i* ! mat*es are to be kept1 & if y tea* all ! memb]s ( ! family t ! mat*es are always to be kept 9 t place4 ,(t5times y f9d ! mat* box on ! table1 or on a %elf 9 ! corn] ( ! room1 or p]haps on ! floor2 sometimes "h1 sometimes !re4 ,9 _m homes five or t5 m9utes are wa/$ e day j on acc\nt ( ! neglig5ce ( ! h\sekeep] or ! wife 9 ?is little matt]4 ,!n z to ! matt] ( ! di% clo?4 ,y %\ld h a place = y\r di% clo?1 & put x !re e day4 ,! p]sons :o d n h a place = an article are ! p]sons :o are f\nd look+ 9-doors & out-(-doors = x1 f five to t5 m9utes e "t t article is ne$$4 ,!y w be say+1 ,johnnie1 or ,j5nie1 :]e is x8 ,:]e did y put x ! la/ "t y _h x8 & all t k9d ( ?+4 ,! same ?+ is true ( ! broom4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 9 ! home :]e !re is sy/em1 y d n f9d ! broom left /&+ on ! wrong end4 ,i hope all ( y "k :i* ! "r end ( ! broom is 9 ?is respect4 ,y d n f9d ! broom on ! wrong end1 & y always f9d t !re is a c]ta9 place = x1 & t x is kept !re4 ,:5 ?+s are out ( place & y h to hunt = !m1 y are sp5d+ n only "t1 b y are sp5d+ /r5g? t %\ld be us$ 9 "s m pr(itable way4 ,!re %\ld be a place = ! coat & ! cloak1 = ! hat1 &1 9 fact1 a place = ev]y?+ 9 ! h\se4 ,! p :o h a place = ev]y?+ are ! p :o w f9d "t to read1 & :o w h "t = recreation4 ,y wond] sometimes h[ ! p 9 ,new ,engl& c af=d to h s mu* "t = read+ books & newspap]s1 & /ill h suffici5t money to s5d z mu* z !y d "h to ?is in/itute to be us$ 9 our education4 ,^! p f9d "t to keep !mselves ?us intellig5t1 & to keep !mselves 9 t\* ) all t takes place 9 ! _w1 because ev]y?+ is s well sy/ematiz$ ab\t _! homes t !y save ! "t :i* y & ,i sp5d 9 worry+ ab\t some?+ :i* we %\ld "k all ab\t4 ,i h v r>ely gone into a bo>d+ h\se kept by our p & f\nd ! lamp 9 its prop] place4 ,:5 y g into su* a h\se x is too apt to be ! case t ! p !re w h to look = ! lamp2 !n1 :5 !y h f\nd x1 x is n fill$2 somebody =got to put ! oil 9 x 9 ! morn+2 !n !y h to g & hunt up a wick1 & !n !y mu/ get a *imney4 ,!n1 :5 !y get all ^! ?+s1 !y mu/ hunt = ! mat*es to light ! lamp4 ,i wond] h[ _m girls !re are "h n[ :o c g into a room & arrange x prop]ly = an individual to sleep 9--t is1 provide ! prop] numb] ( t[els1 ! soap & mat*es1 & h ev]y?+ t %\ld be provid$ = ! com=t ( ! p]son :o is to use ! room1 put 9 ! room & put 9 its prop] place4 ,i %\ld be afraid to te/ "s ( y4 ,y mu/ le>n to be able to d su* ?+s be=e y leave "h1 9 ord] t y may be ( "s use to y\rself & to o!rs4 ,if y are n able to d ?is1 y w be a disappo9tm5t to u4 ,,:at ,,w ,,pay ,i wi% to talk ) y = a few m9utes ^u a subject t is mu* discuss$1 especially by "y p--,:at ?+s pay 9 life8 ,!re is no "q1 p]haps1 :i* is ask$ (t5] by a p]son ent]+ ^u a c>e] ?an ?is--,:at w pay8 ,w ?is c\rse ( action1 or t1 pay8 ,w x pay to ent] into ?is bus9ess or t bus9ess8 ,:at w pay8 ,let u see if we c answ] t "q1 a "q :i* e /ud5t 9 ?is s*ool %\ld ask himself or h]self4 ,:at w pr(it me mo/8 ,:at w make my life mo/ useful8 ,:at w br+ ab\t ! greate/ degree ( happ9ess8 ,:at w pay be/8 ,n long ago a c]ta9 m9i/] secur$ ! te/imony ( =ty m5 :o _h be5 successful 9 bus9ess1 p]sons :o beyond "q _h be5 pron\nc$ to be bus9ess m5 ( au?ority4 ,! "q :i* ?is m9i/] put to ^! bus9ess m5 01 :e!r "u any circum/ances x paid to be di%one/ 9 bus9ess2 :e!r !y _h f\nd1 9 all _! bus9ess c>e]1 t "u any circum/ances x paid to *eat1 sw9dle or take advantage ( _! fell[-m51 or 9 any way to deceive ^? ) :om !y came 9 contact4 ,e "o ( ! =ty answ]$1 )\t hesitation1 t no?+ %ort ( d[nright hone/y & fair deal+ ev] paid 9 any bus9ess4 ,!y said t no "o c\ld succe$ p]man5tly 9 bus9ess :o 0 n hone/ 9 deal+ ) 8 fell[-m51 to say no?+ ( ! future life or ( do+ "r = "r's sake4 ,x does n pay an individual to d any?+ except :at 8 consci5ce w approve ( e day1 & e h\r & m9ute 9 ! day4 ,i want y to put t "q to y\rselves to-night3 ask y\rselves :at c\rse ( action w pay4 ,y may be tempt$ to g a/ray 9 ! matt] ( money4 ,?9k1 :5 y are tempt$ to d t3 ,w x pay8 ,p]sons :o are likely to g a/ray 9 ! matt] ( money1 fur!rmore are likely to d s 9 ! matt] ( dress1 9 tamp]+ ) ea* o!r's prop]ty1 9 ! matt] ( act+ di%one/ly ) ea* o!r's books4 ,su* p]sons w be di%one/ 9 ! matt] ( lab\r1 too4 ,x pays an individual to be hone/ ) ano!r p]son's money4 ,x nev] pays to be di%one/ 9 tak+ ano!r p]son's clo!s or books4 ,none ( ^! ?+s ev] pays1 & :5 y h occasion to yield or n to yield to su* a temptation1 y %\ld ask y\rself ! "q3 ,w x pay me to d ?is8 ,put t "q con/antly to y\rself4 ,:5ev] y promise1 moreov]1 to d a piece ( "w = a man1 !re is a contract b9d+ y to d an hone/ day's lab\r--& ! man to pay y = an hone/ day's lab\r4 ,if y fail to give su* s]vice1 if y break t contract1 y w f9d t su* a c\rse ( action nev] pays4 ,x w nev] pay y to deal di%one/ly ) an individual1 or to p]mit di%one/ deal+4 ,if y fail to give a full hone/ day's "w1 if y "k t y h done only ?ree-qu>t]s ( a day's "w1 or f\r-fif?s1 x may seem to y at ! "t t x has paid1 b 9 ! long run y lose by x4 ,i regret to say t we sometimes h occasion to meet /ud5ts "h :o are incl9$ to be di%one/4 ,su* /ud5ts come to ,mr4 ,palm] or to me1 & say !y wi% to g home4 ,:5 !y are ask$ :y !y wi% to g home1 "s ( !m say !y wi% to g because !y are sick4 ,!n1 :5 !y h be5 talk$ ) a few m9utes1 !y may say t !y d n l ! food "h1 or p]haps t "s disappo9tm5t has befall5 _! p>5ts4 ,9 "s cases ,i h _h /ud5ts give me half a doz5 excuses 9 little m ?an ! same numb] ( m9utes4 ,! prop] ?+ = /ud5ts to d1 :5 !y wi% to g home1 is to /ate ! exact reason1 & !n /ick to x4 ,! /ud5t :o does t is ! k9d t w succe$ 9 ! _w4 ,! /ud5ts :o are d[nright di%one/ 9 :at !y say1 w f9d out t !y are n /rong 9 any?+1 t !y are n :at !y ought to be4 ,! "t w come :5 t sort ( ?+ w c>ry !m d[n in/ead ( up4 ,9 a c]ta9 ye>--,i ?9k x 0 #aheg--!re 0 a great f9ancial panic 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially 9 ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,a great _m ( ! pr9cipal banks 9 ! c\ntry fail$1 & o!rs 7 9 daily dang] ( failure4 ,i rememb] a /ory t 0 told ( "o ( ! bank presid5ts ( t "t1 ,william ,taylor1 ,i believe4 ,all ! bank presid5ts 9 ! city ( ,new ,york 7 hav+ meet+s e night to f9d out h[ well !y 7 succe$+ 9 keep+ _! in/itutions solv5t4 ,at "o ( ^! meet+s1 aft] a critical day 9 ! mo/ try+ p]iod ( ! panic1 :5 "s m5 report$ t !y _h lo/ money dur+ t day1 & o!rs t s mu* money _h be5 )drawn f _! banks dur+ ! day t if !re 7 ano!r l x !y did n see h[ !y c\ld /& ! /ra91 ,william ,taylor report$ t money _h be5 add$ to ! deposits ( 8 bank t day in/ead ( be+ )drawn4 ,:at 0 beh9d all ?is8 ,william ,taylor _h le>n$ 9 e>ly life t x did n pay to be di%one/1 b t x paid to be hone/ ) all 8 depositors & ) all p]sons :o did bus9ess ) 8 bank4 ,:5 o!r p 7 fail+ 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! evid5ce ( ?is man's "*1 8 reg>d = tru? & hone/ deal+1 caus$ money to come into 8 bank :5 x 0 be+ )drawn f o!rs4 ,"* is a p[]4 ,if y want to be p[]ful 9 ! _w1 if y want to be /rong1 influ5tial & useful1 y c be s 9 no bett] way ?an by hav+ /rong "*2 b y _c h a /rong "* if y yield to ! temptations ab\t :i* ,i h be5 speak+4 ,"s "o ask$1 "s "t ago1 :at x 0 t gave su* a p[] to ! s]mons ( ! late ,dr4 ,john ,hall4 ,9 ! usual s5se he 0 n a p[]ful speak]2 b ev]y?+ he said c>ri$ conviction ) x4 ,! explanation 0 t ! "* ( ! man 0 beh9d ! s]mon4 ,y may g out & make great spee*es1 y may write books or addresses :i* are great lit]ature1 b unless y h "* beh9d :at y say & write1 x w am\nt to no?+2 x w all g to ! w9ds4 ,i leave ?is "q ) y1 !n4 ,:5 y are tempt$ to d :at y\r consci5ce tells y is n "r1 ask y\rself3 ,w x pay me to d ?is ?+ :i* ,i "k is n "r8 ,g to ! p5it5ti>y4 ,ask ! p !re :o h fail$1 :o h made mi/akes1 :y !y are !re1 & 9 e case !y w tell y t !y are !re because !y yield$ to temptation1 because !y did n ask !mselves ! "q3 ,w x pay8 ,g ask ^? p :o h no c>e = life1 :o h ?r[n away _! virtue1 z x 71 ask !m :y !y are )\t "*1 & ! answ] w be1 9 s _m words1 t !y s\ght b tempor>y success4 ,9 ord] to f9d "s %ort road to success1 9 ord] to h mom5t>y happ9ess1 !y yield$ to temptation4 ,we want to feel t 9 e /ud5t :o goes out f "h !re is a "* :i* c be dep5d$ ^u 9 ! night z well z 9 ! day4 ,t is ! k9d ( "y m5 & "y wom5 we wi% to s5d out f "h4 ,:5ev] y are tempt$ to yield a hair's bread? 9 ! direction :i* ,i h indicat$1 ask y\rself ! "q ov] & ov] aga93 ,w x pay me 9 ?is _w8 ,w x pay me 9 ! _w to come8 ,,education ,,t ,,educates#a ,p]haps ,i am safe 9 say+ t dur+ ! la/ t5 days y h n giv5 mu* sy/ematic ef=t to book /udy 9 ! usual s5se4 ,:5 int]ruptions come su* z we h j _h1 tak+ y away f y\r regul> r\t9e "w & /udy1 & ! prep>ation ( r\t9e lessons is int]rupt$1 ! fir/ ?\ght to "s may be t ?is "t is lo/1 9 s f> z x relates to education 9 ! ord9>y s5se2 t x is s mu* "t tak5 away f t "p ( "o's life t %\ld be devot$ to acquir+ education4 ,i suppose t dur+ ! la/ few days ! que/ions h come to _m ( y3 ,:at are we ga9+8 ,:at are we gett+ f ! irregul>ity t has *>act]iz$ ! s*ool gr\nds )9 ! la/ week1 t w 9 any degree comp5sate = ! am\nt ( book /udy t we h lo/8 ,to my m9d ,i d n believe t y h lo/ any?+ by ! int]ruption4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i am conv9c$ t y h got ! be/ k9d ( education4 ,i d n mean to say t we c dep5d ^u x = all "t to come = sy/ematic tra9+ ( ! m9d1 b s f> z real education1 s f> z developm5t ( ! m9d & he>t & body are conc]n$1 ,i d n believe t a s+le /ud5t has lo/ any?+ by ! irregul>ity ( ! la/ week or m4 ,y h ga9$ 9 ?is respect3 9 prep>+ = ! reception & ent]ta9m5t ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 8 ,cab9et1 & ! di/+ui%$ p]sons :o accompani$ ! p>ty1 y h _h to d an am\nt ( orig9al ?9k+ :i* y1 p]haps1 h nev] _h to d be=e 9 y\r lives4 ,y h be5 compell$ to ?9k2 y h be5 compell$ to put m ?an y\r bodily /r5g? into :at y h be5 do+4 ,y c\ld n h made ! magnific5t exhibition ( our "w :i* y h made if y _h n be5 compell$ to d orig9al ?9k+ & execution4 ,mo/ ( y nev] saw su* an exhibition be=e2 ,i nev] did4 ,^? ( y :o _h to con/ruct floats t w\ld illu/rate our agricultural "w & our me*anical & academic "w1 _h to put a c]ta9 am\nt ( orig9al ?\ght into ! plann+ ( ^! floats1 9 ord] to make !m %[ ! "w to ! be/ advantage2 & two-?irds ( y--yes1 practically all ( y--_h nev] se5 any?+ ( ! k9d be=e4 ,= ?is reason x 0 a matt] t _h to be ?\ght out by y & plann$ out by y1 & !n put into visible %ape4 ,n[ comp>e t k9d ( education ) ! m]e committ+ to memory ( c]ta9 rules1 or some?+ :i* "s "o else ?\ght out & execut$ a ?\s& ye>s ago p]haps--& t is :at a l>ge "p ( our education really is4 ,education 9 ! usual s5se ( ! ^w is ! m]e committ+ to memory ( some?+ :i* has be5 kn[n be=e u4 ,n[ dur+ ! la/ t5 days we h _h to solve problems ( our own1 n problems & puzzles t "s "o else orig9at$ = u4 ,i d n believe t !re is a p]son connect$ ) ! in/itution :o is n /rong] 9 m9d1 :o is n m self-confid5t & self-reliant1 s f> z ! qualities relate to :at he is able to d ) 8 m9d or 8 h&s1 ?an he 0 t5 or twelve days ago4 ,!re is ! b5efit t came to all ( u4 ,x put u to ?9k+ & plann+2 x br\ght u 9 to contact ) ?+s t are out ( ! ord9>y2 & !re is no education t surpasses ?is4 ,i see m & m e ye> t ! _w is to be br\ght to ! /udy ( m5 & ( ?+s1 r ?an to ! /udy ( m]e books4 ,y w f9d m & m z ! ye>s g by1 t p w gradually lay aside books1 & /udy ! nature ( man 9 a way !y h nev] done z yet4 ,i tell y1 !n1 t 9 ?is int]ruption ( ! regul> s*ool "w y h n lo/ any?+3--y h ga9$2 y h _h y\r m9ds awak5$1 y\r faculties /r5g!n$1 & y\r h&s guid$4 ,i d n wi% to speak ( ?is matt] egoti/ically1 b x is true t ,i h he>d a great _m p]sons f else:]e m5tion ! pleasure :i* !y h receiv$ 9 meet+ ,tuskegee /ud5ts1 because :5 !y come 9 contact ) a /ud5t :o has be5 "h1 !y are impress$ ) ! fact t he or %e does n seem to be dead or sleepy4 ,!y say t :5 !y meet a ,tuskegee boy or girl !y f9d a p]son :o has _h contact ) real life4 ,! education t y h be5 gett+ dur+ ! la/ few days1 y w f9d1 z ! ye>s g by1 has be5 ( a k9d t w s]ve y 9 good /ead all ?r\gh y\r lives4 ,j 9 proportion z we le>n to execute some?+1 to put our education into tangible =m--z we h be5 do+ dur+ ! la/ few days--9 j ! same proportion w we f9d ourselves ( value z individuals & z a race4 ,^? p :o came "h to visit u knew p]fectly well t we c\ld commit to memory c]ta9 l9es ( poetry1 !y knew we 7 able to solve c]ta9 problems 9 algebra & geometry1 !y und]/ood t we c\ld le>n c]ta9 rules 9 *emi/ry & agriculture2 b :at int]e/$ !m mo/ 0 to see u put into visible =m ! results ( our education4 ,j 9 proportion z an individual is able to d t1 he is ( value to ! _w4 ,t is ! object ( ! "w :i* we are try+ to d "h4 ,we are try+ to turn out m5 & wom5 :o are able to d some?+ t ! _w wants done1 t ! _w ne$s to h done4 ,j 9 proportion z y c comply ) t dem& y w f9d t !re is a place = y--!re is go+ to be /&+ room4 ,by ! tra9+ we are giv+ y "h we are prep>+ y = a place 9 ! _w4 ,we are go+ to tra9 y s t :5 y get to t place1 if y fail 9 x1 ! failure w n be our fault4 ,x is a great satisfaction to h connect$ ) a race m5 & wom5 :o are able to d some?+1 n m]ely to talk ab\t do+ x1 n m]ely to !orize ab\t do+ x1 b actually to d some?+ t makes ! _w bett] to live 91 some?+ t enhances ! com=ts & conv5i5ces ( life4 ,i _h a good example ( ?is la/ week4 ,i want$ some?+ done 9 my (fice :i* requir$ a practical k ( electricity4 ,x 0 a great satisfaction :5 ,i call$ ^u "o ( ! tea*]s1 to h him d ! "w 9 a c>eful1 praisewor?y mann]4 ,x is v well to talk or lecture ab\t electricity1 b x is bett] to be able to d some?+ ( value ) "o's k ( electricity4 ,& s1 z y g on1 increas+ y\r ability to d ?+s ( value1 y w f9d t ! problem :i* (t5 n[-a-days looks m & m difficult ( solution w gradually become easi]4 ,"o ( ! ,cab9et memb]s :o 7 "h a few days ago said1 aft] witness+ ! exhibition :i* y made "h1 t ! isl&s :i* ?is c\ntry _h tak5 into its possession dur+ ! rec5t w> are soon go+ to require ! s]vice ( e man & woman we c turn out f ?is in/itution4 ,y w f9d x true1 n only 9 ?is c\ntry b 9 o!r c\ntries1 t ! dem& w be m & m = p :o c d some?+4 ,j 9 proportion z we c1 z a race1 get ! reputation :i* ,i spoke to y ab\t a few days ago1 y w f9d !re w be places = u4 ,reg>dless ( col\r or condition1 ! _w is go+ to give ! places ( tru/ & remun]ation to ! m5 & wom5 :o c d a c]ta9 ?+ z well z anybody else or bett]4 ,?is is ! :ole problem4 ,%all we prep>e ourselves to d some?+ z well z anybody else or bett]8 ,j 9 proportion z we d ?is1 y w f9d t no?+ "u ! sun w keep u back4 ,,footnote3 #a ,?is talk 0 giv5 soon aft] ! visit ( ,presid5t ,mc,kinley to ,tuskegee ,in/itute 9 ! fall ( #ahih4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,be+ ,,reliable4 ,i am go+ to call y\r att5tion ?is ev5+ to a t5d5cy ( ! p ( our race :i* ,i _h occasion to notice 9 ! c\rse ( a visit rec5tly made to c]ta9 portions ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,i f9d t ) p]sons :o are ! employ]s or :o might be ! employ]s ( numb]s ( our p1 !re is a v g5]al impression t z a race we lack /ead9ess--t we lack /ead9ess z lab\r]s4 ,n[ y may say t ?is is n true1 & y may cite any numb] ( in/ances to %[ t we are n unreliable 9 t respect2 :e!r x is true or n1 ! results are ! same2--x works aga9/ u 9 ! matt] ( secur+ pay+ employm5t4 ,almo/ )\t exception1 9 talk+ ) p]sons :o are 9 a position to employ u1 or :o h be5 employ+ u1 or :o are ?9k+ ( employ+ u1 ,i h f\nd t ?is objection has be5 v l>gely 9 _! m9ds1--t we _c be dep5d$ ^u1 t we are un/eady & unreliable 9 matt]s ( lab\r4 ,i am speak+1 ( c\rse1 ( t class ( p ( our race :o dep5d ma9ly ^u a day's "w--work+ by ! day1 z we call x--= _! liv+4 ,^! m5 ) :om ,i talk$ gave sev]al illu/rations ( ?is t5d5cy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i ?9k !y m5tion$1 )\t exception1 ?is fact--t if ! col\r$ p are employ$ 9 a factory1 !y "w well & /eadily = a few days1 say until ,saturday night comes1 & !y are paid _! week's wages4 ,!n !y _c be dep5d$ ^u to put 9 an appe>ance ! foll[+ ,monday morn+4 ,t special criticism 0 made )\t exception4 ,! col\r$ p1 ^! m5 said1 w\ld "w e>ne/ly1 & give good satisfaction until !y got a little money ahead1 & got food en\gh assur$ to la/ !m two or ?ree weeks2 !n !y w\ld give up ! job1 or simply rema9 away f ! factory until o!rs _h be5 put 9 _! places4 ,t 0 "o ( ! /atem5ts t 0 made to me ov] & ov] aga94 ,p also m5tion$ to me z an unfav\rable t5d5cy ! incl9ation :i* ! p ( our race h to g on excursions4 ,!y said t if an excursion 7 go+ to ,wilm+ton or ,gre5sboro1 or ,*>le/on1 & ! col\r$ p _h a little money on h&1 y c\ld n dep5d on _! go+ to "w in/ead ( go+ on ! excursion2 t p w\ld say t !y mu/ g on ?is or t excursion1 & t no?+ %\ld /op !m4 ,a great _m p lose employm5t & money because ( ?is t5d5cy to g on excursions4 ,ano!r ?+ t 0 m5tion$ to me 0 ! ,sunday d9n]s4 ,our p are too likely to />ve all ?r\gh ! week1 & !n on ,sunday invite all ! neighb\rs to come 9 & eat up :at !y h made ?r\gh ! week4 ,p say t we take our week's e>n+s on ,saturday night1 & g to ! m>ket & sp5d x all1 & !n invite all ( our k9dr$ & neighb\rs to come 9 on ,sunday to h a great p>ty4 ,!n by ,monday morn+ we h made ourselves s ill by ov]eat+ t we are unfit = "w4 ,?is 0 giv5 z "o ( ! reasons :i* cause p to compla9 ( our race = un/ead9ess4 ,!n !re 0 compla9t ( a g5]al lack ( p]sev]ance1 ( an unwill+ness to be /eady1 to put money into ! bank1 to beg9 at ! bottom & gradually "w t[>d ! top4 ,y c easily see "s ( ! results ( su* a reputation z ?is4 ,i h notic$ "s ( ! results 9 _m ( ! places :]e our p h be5 secur+ pay+ employm5t4 ,"o result is a g5]al di/ru/ ( ! entire race 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to indu/ry4 ,ano!r is t p are n go+ to employ p]sons on :om !y _c dep5d1 to fill responsible positions4 ,employ]s are n likely to employ = responsible positions p]sons :o are likely to g away unexpect$ly on excursions4 ,ano!r result is loss ( money4 ,y w f9d _m ( our p 9 pov]ty simply because1 9 s l>ge a measure1 we h got ?is reputation ( be+ un/eady & unreliable4 ,:]ev] our p are n gett+ regul>1 pay+ employm5t1 x is l>gely on acc\nt ( ^! ?+s ( :i* ,i h be5 speak+2 & gradually ! opportunities = employm5t are slipp+ into ! h&s ( ! p ( o!r races4 ,y c easily und]/& t :]e p are n gett+ /eady employm5t--b a job ?is week & a job next week1 & p]haps no?+ ! week aft]--x is impossible = !m to put money 9 ! bank1 impossible to acquire homes & prop]ty1 & to settle d[n z reliable1 prosp]\s citiz5s4 ,n[1 h[ are we go+ to *ange all ^! ?+s8 ,i d n see any hope unless we c dep5d ^u y to *ange !m1 y "y m5 & "y wom5 :o are be+ educat$ 9 in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,x re/s l>gely ) y to *ange public s5tim5t among our p 9 all ^! directions1 to a po9t :]e we %all feel t we mu/ be z reliable & z responsible z x is possible = ! p ( any o!r race to be4 ,b 9 ord] to d ?is x is necess>y = y to le>n h[ to control y\rselves 9 ^! respects4 ,"y m5 come "h & want to "w at ?is indu/ry or t1 = a :ile1 & !n get tir$ & want to *ange to some?+ else4 ,"s come ) a /rong det]m9ation to "w1 & /ay until some?+ happ5s t is n q pleasant1 & !n !y want to leave & g to "s o!r s*ool or g back home4 ,n[ we _c make ! lead]s & ! examples ( our p t we %\ld make1 if we are go+ to be guilty ( ^! same weaknesses 9 ^! in/itutions4 ,let ea* ( y take control ( himself or h]self1 & det]m9e t :atev] y plan to be y are go+ to be2 y are go+ to keep driv+ away1 pegg+ away1 mov+ on & on ea* h\r1 ea* day1 until y h accompli%$ ! purpose = :i* y came "h4 ,su* are ! p]sons1 ! m5 & wom51 t ! _w is look+ =4 ,^! are ! m5 & wom5 we want to s5d to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 to ,georgia1 to ,mississippi1 & ab\t 9 our own ,/ate ( ,alabama1 to rea* hundr$s & ?\s&s ( our p1 & to br+ ab\t su* a s5tim5t t ^! p c control !mselves 9 ! directions ,i h m5tion$ & become /eady & reliable along all ! av5ues ( indu/ry4 ,i h spok5 v pla9ly ab\t ^! ?+s1 because ,i believe t !y are matt]s to :i* z a race we ought to give m att5tion4 ,no race c ?rive & prosp] & gr[ /rong if x is liv+ on ! out] edges ( ! indu/rial _w1 is jump+ "h & !re aft] a job t somebody else has giv5 up4 ,at ! risk ( repeat+ myself1 ,i say t we mu/ give att5tion to ?is matt]1--we mu/ be m tru/wor?y & m reliable 9 matt]s ( lab\r4 ,z y g home1 & g into y\r *ur*es1 y\r s*ools & y\r families1 prea*1 tea* & talk f day to day ! doctr9e t our p mu/ become /eady & reliable1 mu/ become wor?y ( confid5ce 9 all _! occupations4 ,i am sorry to say t x is too (t5 true ( "y p t !y ov]look ^! matt]s 9 _! conv]sation4 ,we are always ready to talk ab\t ,m>s & ,jupit]1 ab\t ! sun & moon1 & ab\t ?+s "u ! e>? & ov] ! e>?--9 fact ab\t ev]y?+ except ^! little matt]s t h s mu* to d ) our real liv+4 ,n[ if we _c put a _s ( det]m9ation into y to g out & *ange public s5tim5t1 !n ! future = u z a race is n v bright4 ,b ,i h fai? 9 y to believe t y are go+ to set a high /&>d = y\rselves 9 all ^! matt]s1 & t if y c /ay "h two1 f\r1 five ye>s1 "s ( y w control y\rselves 9 all ^! respects1 & w br+ y\rselves to be examples ( :at we hope & expect ! p :om y are go+ to tea* are to become4 ,if y w d ?is y w f9d t 9 a few ye>s !re w be a decid$ *ange = ! bett] 9 ! ?+s ( :i* ,i h spok51 a *ange 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s t w make u z a race firm] & /rong] 9 ^! important directions4 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,education ,x may seem to "s ( y t ,i am cont9ually talk+ to y ab\t education--! "r k9d ( education1 h[ to get an education1 & su* k9dr$ subjects--b surely no subject c\ld be m p]t95t1 s9ce ! object = :i* y all are "h is to get an education2 & if y are to d ?is1 y wi% to get ! be/ k9d possible4 ,y w und]/&1 !n1 ,i am sure1 if ,i speak (t5 ab\t ?is1 or ref] to ! subject frequ5tly1 t x is because ,i am v anxi\s t all ( y g out f "h ) a def9ite & correct idea ( :at is meant by education1 ( :at an education is meant to accompli%1 :at x may be expect$ to d = "o4 ,we are v apt to get ! idea t education means ! memoriz+ ( a numb] ( dates1 ( be+ able to /ate :5 a c]ta9 battle took place1 ( be+ able to recall ) accuracy ?is ev5t or t ev5t4 ,we are likely to get ! impression t education consi/s 9 be+ able to commit to memory a c]ta9 numb] ( rules 9 gramm>1 a c]ta9 numb] ( rules 9 ari?metic1 & 9 be+ able to locate correctly on ! e>?'s surface ?is m\nta9 or t riv]1 & to "n ?is lake & t gulf4 ,n[ ,i d n mean to disp>age ! value ( ?is k9d ( tra9+1 because among ! ?+s t education %\ld d = u is to give u /rong1 ord]ly & well develop$ m9ds4 ,i d n wi% to h y get ! idea t ,i und]value or ov]look ! /r5g!n+ ( ! m9d4 ,if !re is "o p]son m ?an ano!r :o is to be piti$1 x is ! individual :o is all he>t & no head4 ,y w see numb]s ( p]sons go+ ?r\gh ! _w ^: he>ts are full ( good ?+s--runn+ ov] ) ! wi% to d some?+ to make somebody bett]1 or ! desire to make somebody happi]--b !y h made ! sad mi/ake ( be+ absolutely )\t developm5t ( m9d to g ) ?is will+ness ( he>t4 ,we want developm5t ( m9d & we want /r5g!n+ ( ! m9d4 ,i h (t5 said to y t "o ( ! be/ ?+s t education c d = an individual is to tea* t individual to get hold ( :at he wants1 r ?an to tea* him h[ to commit to memory a numb] ( facts 9 hi/ory or a numb] ( names 9 geography4 ,i wi% y to feel t we c give y "h ord]l9ess ( m9d--,i mean a tra9$ m9d--t w enable y to f9d dates 9 hi/ory or to put y\r f+] on names 9 geography :5 y want !m4 ,i wi% to give y an education t w enable y to con/ruct rules 9 gramm> & ari?metic = y\rselves4 ,t is ! highe/ k9d ( tra9+4 ,b1 aft] all1 ?is k9d ( ?+ is n ! end ( education4 ,:at1 !n1 d we mean by education8 ,i w\ld say t education is meant to give u an idea ( tru?4 ,:atev] we get out ( text books1 :atev] we get out ( indu/ry1 :atev] we get "h & !re f any s\rces1 if we d n get ! idea ( tru? at ! end1 we d n get education4 ,i d n c>e h[ mu* y get out ( hi/ory1 or geography1 or algebra1 or lit]ature1 ,i d n c>e h[ mu* y h got out ( all y\r text books3--unless y h got tru?1 y h fail$ 9 y\r purpose to be educat$4 ,unless y get ! idea ( tru? s pure t y _c be false 9 any?+1 y\r education is a failure4 ,!n education is meant to make u j 9 our deal+s ) our fell[ m54 ,! man or woman :o has le>n$ to be absolutely j1 s f> z he c int]pret1 has1 9 t degree1 an education1 is to t degree an educat$ man or woman4 ,education is meant to make u *ange = ! bett]1 to make u m ?\ghtful1 to make u s broad t we w n seek to help "o man because he belongs to ?is race or t race ( p1 & seek to h9d] ano!r man because he does n belong to ?is race or t race ( p4 ,education 9 ! broade/ & true/ s5se w make an individual seek to help all p1 reg>dless ( race1 reg>dless ( col\r1 reg>dless ( condition4 ,& y w f9d t ! p]son :o is mo/ truly educat$ is ! "o :o is go+ to be k9de/1 & is go+ to act 9 ! g5tle/ mann] t[>d p]sons :o are un=tunate1 t[>d ! race or ! individual t is mo/ despis$4 ,! highly educat$ p]son is ! "o :o is ! mo/ consid]ate ( ^? individuals :o are less =tunate4 ,i hope t :5 y g out f "h1 & meet p]sons :o are afflict$ by pov]ty1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 or p]sons :o are un=tunate 9 any way1 t y w %[ y\r education by be+ j z k9d & j z consid]ate t[>d ^? p]sons z x is possible = y to be4 ,t is ! way to te/ a p]son ) education4 ,y may see ignorant p]sons1 :o1 p]haps1 ?9k !mselves educat$1 go+ ab\t ! /reet1 :o1 :5 !y meet an individual :o is un=tunate--lame1 or ) a defect ( body1 m9d or spee*--are incl9$ to laugh at & make sport ( t individual4 ,b ! highly educat$ p]son1 ! "o :o is really cultivat$1 is g5tle & sympa!tic to ev]yone4 ,education is meant to make u absolutely hone/ 9 deal+ ) our fell[s4 ,i don't c>e h[ mu* ari?metic we h1 or h[ _m cities we c locate2--x all is useless unless we h an education t makes u absolutely hone/4 ,education is meant to make u give satisfaction1 & to get satisfaction out ( giv+ x4 ,x is meant to make u get happ9ess out ( s]vice = our fell[s4 ,& until we get to ! po9t :]e we c get happ9ess & supreme satisfaction out ( help+ our fell[s1 we are n truly educat$4 ,education is meant to make u g5]\s4 ,9 ?is connection let me say t ,i v mu* hope t :5 y g out f "h y w %[ t y h le>n$ ?is lesson ( be+ g5]\s 9 all *>itable objects1 9 ! support ( y\r *ur*es1 y\r ,sunday s*ools1 y\r hospitals1 & 9 be+ g5]\s 9 giv+ help to ! poor4 ,i hope1 = in/ance1 t a l>ge proportion ( y--9 fact all ( y--w make x a practice to give some?+ ye>ly to ?is in/itution4 ,if y _c give b tw5ty-five c5ts1 fifty c5ts1 or a doll> a ye>1 ,i hope y w put x d[n z a ?+ t y w n =get1 to give some?+ to ?is in/itution e ye>4 ,we want to %[ to our fri5ds :o h done s mu* = u1 :o h support$ ?is s*ool s g5]\sly1 h[ mu* int]e/ we take 9 ! in/itution t has giv5 u s ne>ly all t we possess4 ,i hope t e s5ior1 9 p>ticul>1 w keep ?is 9 m9d4 ,i am glad to say t we h _m graduates :o s5d u su* sums1 ev5 if small1 & "o graduate :o = ! la/ eight or t5 ye>s has s5t u t5 doll>s annually4 ,i hope a numb] ( y 9 ! s5ior class t ,i see be=e me w d ! same ?+4 ,education is meant to make u appreciate ! ?+s t are beautiful 9 nature4 ,a p]son is nev] educat$ until he is able to g into ! swamps & woods & see some?+ t is beautiful 9 ! trees & %rubs !re1 is able to see some?+ beautiful 9 ! grass & fl[]s t surr\nd him1 is1 9 %ort1 able to see some?+ beautiful1 elevat+ & inspir+ 9 ev]y?+ t ,god has creat$4 ,n only %\ld education enable u to see ! beauty 9 ^! objects :i* ,god has put ab\t u1 b x is meant to influ5ce u to br+ beautiful objects ab\t u4 ,i hope t ea* "o ( y1 aft] y graduate1 w surr\nd himself at home ) :at is beautiful1 inspir+ & elevat+4 ,i d n believe t any p]son is educat$ s long z he lives 9 a dirty1 mis]able %anty4 ,i d n believe t any p]son is educat$ until he has le>n$ to want to live 9 a clean room made attractive ) pictures & books1 & ) su* surr\nd+s z are elevat+4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i wi% to say aga91 t education is meant to give u t culture1 t ref9em5t1 t ta/e :i* w make u deal tru?fully ) our fell[ m51 & w make u see :at is beautiful1 elevat+ & inspir+ 9 :at ,god has creat$4 ,i want y to be> 9 m9d t y\r text books1 ) all _! cont5ts1 are n an end1 b a means to an end1 a means to help u get ! highe/1 ! be/1 ! pure/ & ! mo/ beautiful ?+s out ( life4 ,,unimprov$ ,,opportunities ,sev]al ( ! ?+s :i* ,i %all say to y to-night may n s\nd v agreeable or enc\rag+ to _m ( y1 yet ,i ?9k y w agree ) me t !y are facts t _c be d5i$4 ,we mu/ recognize ! fact1 9 ! fir/ place1 t our condition z a race is1 9 a l>ge measure1 diff]5t f ! condition ( ! :ite race by :i* we are surr\nd$2 t our capacity is v l>gely diff]5t f t ( ! p ( ! :ite race4 ,i "k we l to say ! opposite4 ,x s\nds well 9 compositions1 does well 9 rhetoric1 & makes a spl5did essay1 = u to make ! opposite ass]tion4 ,x does v well 9 a newspap] article1 b :5 we come d[n to h>d facts we mu/ ackn[l$ge t our condition & capacity are n equal to ^? ( ! majority ( ! :ite p ) :om we come 9 daily contact4 ,( c\rse t does n s\nd v well2 b to say t we are equal to ! :ites is to say t slav]y 0 no disadvantage to u4 ,t is ! logic ( x4 ,to illu/rate4 ,suppose a p]son has be5 conf9$ 9 a sick room1 depriv$ ( ! use ( 8 faculties1 ! use ( 8 body & s5ses1 & t he comes out & is plac$ by ! side ( a man :o has be5 heal?y 9 body & m9d4 ,are ^! two p]sons 9 ! same condition8 ,are !y equal 9 capacity8 ,is ! "y animal ( a week old1 al?\gh he has all ! *>act]i/ics t 8 "m has1 z /rong z %e8 ,) prop] developm5t he w be1 9 "t1 z /rong z %e1 b x is unreasonable to say t he is z /rong at pres5t4 ,& s1 ,i ?9k1 ?is is all t we c say ( ourselves--) prop] developm5t our condition & capacity w be ! same z ^? ( ! p ( any o!r race4 ,n[1 ! fact t our capacity z a p is diff]5t1 & t ! conditions :i* we mu/ meet are diff]5t1 makes x reasonable = u to believe t1 :5 ! "q ( education is consid]$1 we %all f9d t diff]5t educational me?ods are desirable = u f ^? :i* w\ld be appropriate to ! ne$s ( a p ^: capacity & conditions are diff]5t f ours4 ,:at we mo/ ne$1 9 my op9ion1 = ! next few g5]ations1 is su* an education z w help u mo/ effectually to conqu] ! =ces ( nature2--,i mean 9 ! g5]al s5se ( supply+ food1 clo?+1 homes1 & a sub/antial provision = ! future4 ,d n ?9k t ,i mean by ?is t ,i d n believe 9 e individual gett+ all ! education1 he or %e c get1--= ,i d4 ,b s9ce = "s ye>s to come1 at lea/1 x mu/ ( necessity be impossible = all ( our "y p to get all ! education possible1 or ev5 all !y may want to get1 ,i believe !y %\ld apply _! en]gies to gett+ su* a tra9+ z w be be/ fitt$ to supply _! imm$iate ne$s4 ,9 ,scotl&1 = in/ance1 :]e high] education has be5 )9 rea* ( ! p = _m ye>s1 & :]e ! p h rea*$ a high degree ( civilization1 x is n out ( place = ! "y p to give _! "t & att5tion to ! /udy ( metaphysics & ( law & ! o!r pr(essions4 ,( c\rse ,i d n mean to say t we %all n h lawy]s & metaphysicians & o!r pr(essional m5 aft] a :ile1 b ,i d mean to say t ,i ?9k ! ef=ts ( a l>ge majority ( u %\ld be devot$ to secur+ ! mat]ial necessities ( life4 ,:5 y speak to ! av]age p]son ab\t labor--indu/rial "w1 especially--he seems to get ! idea at once t y are oppos$ to 8 head be+ educat$--t y simply wi% to put him to "w4 ,anybody t kn[s any?+ ab\t indu/rial education kn[s t x tea*es a p]son j ! opposite--h[ n to "w4 ,x tea*es him to make wat] "w = him1--air1 /eam1 all ! =ces ( nature4 ,t is :at is meant by indu/rial education4 ,let u make an illu/ration4 ,ye/]day ,i 0 ov] 9 ! cream]y & became greatly int]e/$ 9 ! process ( sep>at+ ! cream4 ,! only en]gy sp5t 0 t requir$ to turn a crank4 ,! app>atus _h be5 s con/ruct$ z to utilize natural =ces4 ,n[ comp>e ! old process ( butt]-mak+ ) ! new4 ,be=e1 y _h to g ?r\gh a long process ( drudg]y be=e ! cream c\ld be sep>at$ f ! milk1 & !n ano!r long process be=e ! cream c\ld be turn$ into butt]1 & !n1 ev5 aft] *urn+ ?ree or f\r h\rs at a "t1 y got only a small portion ( butt]4 ,n[ :at we mean by giv+ y an indu/rial education is to tea* y s to put bra9s into y\r "w t if y\r "w is butt]-mak+1 y c make butt] simply by /&+ at a ma*9e & turn+ a crank4 ,if y are /udy+ *emi/ry1 be sure y get all y c out ( ! c\rse "h1 & !n g to a high] s*ool some:]e else4 ,become z pr(ici5t 9 ! sci5ce z y c4 ,:5 y h done ?is1 d n sit d[n & wait = ! _w to hon\r y because y "k a great deal ab\t *emi/ry--y w be disappo9t$ if y d--b if y wi% to make ! be/ use ( y\r k ( *emi/ry1 come back "h to ! ,s\? & use x 9 mak+ ?is poor soil ri*1 & 9 mak+ good butt] :]e ! f>m]s h made poor butt] be=e4 ,us$ 9 ?is way y w f9d t y\r k ( *emi/ry w cause o!rs to hon\r y4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s we1 z a race1 h let "s gold5 opportunities slip f u1 & p>tly1 ,i fe>1 because we h n _h en\gh pla9 talk 9 ! direction ,i am foll[+ ) y to-night4 ,if y ev] h an opportunity to g into any ( ! l>ge cities ( ! ,nor? y w be able to see = y\rselves :at ,i mean4 ,i rememb] t ! fir/ "t ,i w5t ,nor?--& x 0 n s v _m ye>s ago--x 0 n an uncommon ?+ to see ! b>b] %ops 9 ! h&s ( col\r$ m54 ,i "k col\r$ m5 :o 9 t way c\ld h become com=tably ri*4 ,y _c f9d to-day 9 ! city ( ,new ,york or ,bo/on a fir/-class b>b] %op 9 ! h&s ( col\r$ m54 ,t opportunity is gone1 & some?+ is wrong t x is s4 ,com+ ne>] home2 g to ,montgom]y1 ,memphis1 ,new ,orleans1 & y w f9d t ! b>b] %ops are gradually slipp+ away f ! h&s ( ! col\r$ m51 & !y are go+ back into d>k /reets & op5+ little holes4 ,^! opportunities h slipp$ f u l>gely because we h n le>n$ to dignify lab\r4 ,! col\r$ man puts a dirty little *air & a pair ( razors into a dirti] look+ hole1 :ile ! :ite man op5s 8 %op on "o ( ! pr9cipal /reets1 or 9 connection ) "s fa%ionable hotel1 fits x up luxuri\sly ) c>pets1 h&some mirrors & o!r attractive furniture1 & calls ! place a tonsorial p>l\r4 ,! proprietor sits at 8 desk & takes ! ca%4 ,he has trans=m$ :at we call drudg]y into a pay+ bus9ess4 ,/ill ano!r in/ance4 ,y c rememb] t only a few ye>s ago "o ( ! be/ pay+ positions t a l>ge numb] ( col\r$ m5 fill$ 0 t ( do+ :itewa%+4 ,a few ye>s ago x w\ld n h be5 h>d to see col\r$ m5 9 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia or ,wa%+ton c>ry+ a :itewa% tub & a long pole into somebody's h\se to d a job ( :itewa%+4 ,y g into ! ,nor? to-day1 & y w f9d v few col\r$ m5 at t "w4 ,:ite m5 le>n$ t !y c\ld dignify t bran* ( lab\r1 & !y began to /udy x 9 s*ools4 ,!y ga9$ a k ( *emi/ry :i* w\ld enable !m to und]/& ! mix+ ( ! necess>y +r$i5ts2 !y le>n$ decorat+ & fresco+2 & n[ !y call !mselves h\se decorators4 ,n[ t job is gone1 p]haps to come no m2 = n[ t ^! m5 h elevat$ ?is "w1 & introduc$ m intellig5t skill into x1 d y suppose any "o is go+ to all[ "s old man ) a pole & a bucket to come into ! h\se8 ,!n !re is ! field occupi$ by ! cooks4 ,y "k t all ov] ! ,s\? we h held--& /ill hold to a l>ge ext5t--! matt] ( cook+ 9 our h&s4 ,:]ev] !re 0 any cook+ to be done1 a col\r$ man or a col\r$ woman did x4 ,b :ile we /ill h some?+ ( a monopoly ( ?is "w1 x is a fact t ev5 ?is is slipp+ away f u4 ,p d n wi% always to eat fri$ meat1 & bread t is made almo/ :olly ( wat] & salt4 ,!y get tir$ ( su* food1 & !y desire a p]son to cook = !m :o w put bra9s into ! "w4 ,to met ?is dem& :ite p h trans=m$ :at 0 once ! m5ial occupation ( cook+ into a pr(ession2 !y h gone to s*ool & /udi$ h[ to elevate ?is "w1 & if we c judge by ! almo/ total abs5ce ( col\r$ cooks 9 ! ,nor?1 we are l$ to believe t !y h le>n$ h[4 ,ev5 "h 9 ! ,s\? col\r$ cooks are gradually disappe>+1 & unless !y ex]t !mselves !y w g entirely4 ,!y h disappe>$ 9 ! ,nor? because !y h n kept pace ) ! dem& = ! mo/ improv$ me?ods ( cook+1 & because !y h n realiz$ t ! _w is mov+ =w>d rapidly 9 ! m>* ( civilization4 ,a few days ago1 :5 9 ,*icago1 ,i notic$ 9 "o ( ! fa%ionable re/aurants a f9e-look+ man1 well dress$1 :o seem$ to be ! proprietor4 ,i ask$ :o he 01 & 0 told t he 0 ! *ef1 z he is call$--! head cook4 ,( c\rse ,i 0 surpris$ to see a man dress$ s /yli%ly & pres5t+ su* an air ( culture1 fill+ ! place ( *ief cook 9 a re/aurant1 b ,i rememb]$ !n1 m =cibly ?an ev]1 t cook+ _h be5 trans=m$ into a pr(ession--into dignifi$ lab\r4 ,/ill ano!r opportunity is go+1 & we laugh :5 we m5tion x1 al?\gh x is really no laugh+ matt]4 ,:5 we ?9k ( :at we might h done to elevate x 9 ! same way t :ite p]sons h elevat$ x1 we realize t x 0 an opportunity aft] all4 ,i ref] to ! opportunity :i* 0 9 boot-black+4 ,( c\rse1 "h 9 ! ,s\?1 we h t yet1 to a l>ge ext5t1 because ! competition "h is n q s %>p z 9 ! ,nor?4 ,9 too _m ,s\!rn t[ns & cities1 if y wi% y\r %oes black$1 y wait until y meet a boy ) a box slung ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,:5 he beg9s to poli% y\r %oes y w v likely see t he uses a mu*-worn %oe bru%1 or1 worse /ill1 a scrubb+ bru%1 & unless y wat* him closely !re is a *ance t he w poli% y\r %oes ) /ove poli%4 ,b if y g into a ,nor!rn city y w f9d t su* a boy z ?is does n /& a *ance ( mak+ a liv+4 ,:ite boys & ev5 m5 h op5$ %ops :i* !y h fitt$ up ) c>pets1 pictures1 mirrors1 & com=table *airs1 & sometimes _! bru%es are ev5 run by electricity4 ,!y h ! late/ newspap]s always )9 rea* = _! patrons to read :ile _! "w is be+ done1 & !y gr[ ri*4 ,! man :o owns & runs su* a place z t is n call$ a boot-black2 he is call$ ! proprietor ( su* & su* a ,%oe-black+ ,emporium4 ,& t *ance is gone to come no m4 ,n[ !re are _m col\r$ m5 :o und]/& ab\t electricity1 b :]e is ! col\r$ man :o w\ld apply 8 k ( t sci5ce to runn+ bru%es 9 a boot-black /&8 ,9 ! ,s\? x 0 a common ?+ :5 anybody 0 tak5 ill to notify ! old mammy nurse4 ,we _h a monopoly ( ! nurs+ bus9ess = _m ye>s1 & up to a %ort "t ago x 0 ! common op9ion t nobody c\ld nurse b "o ( ^? old black mammies4 ,b ?is idea is be+ dissipat$4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 :5 a p]son gets ill1 he does n ?9k ( s5d+ = any "o b a pr(essional nurse1 "o :o has receiv$ a diploma f "s nurse-tra9+ s*ool1 or a c]tificate ( pr(ici5cy f "s reputable in/itution4 ,i hope y h und]/ood me 9 :at ,i h be5 try+ to say ( ^! little ?+s4 ,!y all t5d to %[ t if we are to keep pace ) ! progress ( civilization1 we mu/ pay att5tion to ! small ?+s z well z ! l>g] & m important ?+s 9 life4 ,!y g to prove t we mu/ put bra9s into :at we d4 ,if education means any?+ at all1 x means putt+ bra9s into ! common affairs ( life & mak+ some?+ ( !m4 ,t is j :at we are seek+ to tell to ! _w ?r\gh ! "w ( ?is in/itution4 ,!re are _m opportunities all ab\t u :]e we c use our education4 ,y v r>ely see a man idle :o kn[s all ab\t h\se-build+1 :o kn[s h[ to draw plans1 to te/ ! /r5g? ( mat]ials t ent] into ! mak+ ( a fir/-class h\se4 ,did y ev] see su* a man out ( a job8 ,did y ev] see su* a man z t writ+ lett]s to ?is place & t place apply+ = "w8 ,p are want$ all ov] ! _w :o c d "w well4 ,m5 & wom5 are want$ :o und]/& ! prep>ation & supply+ ( food--,i don't mean 9 ! small m5ial s5se--b p :o "k all ab\t x4 ,ev5 9 ?is !re is a great opportunity4 ,a few days ago ,i met a woman :o _h sp5t ye>s 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe /udy+ ! subject ( food economics 9 all its details4 ,i le>n t ?is p]son is 9 con/ant dem& by in/itutions ( le>n+ & o!r e/abli%m5ts :]e ! prep>ation & ! s]v+ ( food are important features4 ,%e sp5ds a few mon?s at ea* in/itution4 ,%e is want$ ev]y:]e1 because %e has appli$ h] education to "o ( ! mo/ important necessities ( life4 ,& s y w f9d x all ?r\gh life--^? p]sons :o are go+ to be con/antly s\ght aft]1 con/antly 9 dem&1 are ^? :o make ! be/ use ( _! opportunities1 :o "w unceas+ly to become pr(ici5t 9 :atev] !y attempt to d4 ,always be sure t y h some?+ out ( :i* y c make a liv+1 & !n y w n only be indep5d5t1 b y w be 9 a mu* bett] position to help y\r fell[-m54 ,i h spok5 ab\t ^! matt]s at ?is l5g? because ,i believe !m to be ! f\ndation ( our future success4 ,we (t5 he> a man spok5 ( z hav+ moral "*4 ,a man _c h moral "* unless he has some?+ to we>1 & some?+ to eat ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days 9 a ye>4 ,he _c h any religion ei!r4 ,y w f9d at ! bottom ( mu* crime ! fact t ! crim9als h n _h ! common necessities ( life suppli$ !m4 ,m5 mu/ h "s ( ! com=ts & conv5i5ces--c]ta9ly ! necessities ( life--suppli$ !m be=e !y c be morally or religi\sly :at !y ought to be4 ,,keep+ ,,y\r ,,^w ,i d n want to speak to y cont9ually ^u subjects t t5d to %[ up ! weak] traits ( "* :i* our race has1 b !re are "s *>act]i/ic po9ts 9 our life s important t x seems to me well t we emphasize ^? :i* are specially weak j n[4 ,a few weeks ago ,i m5tion$ two or ?ree examples :i* _h come "u my own p]sonal obs]vation1 ( ! unreliability ( ! race1 & to ^? ,i n[ add "o or two m4 ,on ?ree di/9ct occasions1 :ile travell+1 ,i h f\nd x necess>y to make engagem5ts ) hackm5 to call at a c]ta9 h\r 9 ! morn+ to take me to an e>ly tra91 & on no "o ( ^! occasions has ! hackman kept 8 ^w4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! man disappo9t$ me entirely1 s t ,i _h to walk to ! /ation1 a di/ance ( a mile or m4 ,9 ! second in/ance ! hackman 0 to come at six o'clock1 & did n come until half-pa/ six4 ,by t "t ,i _h />t$ to walk1 & _h gone two or ?ree squ>es1 meet+ him on ! way to ! place :]e ,i _h /opp$4 ,9 ! ?ird case ! man 0 at lea/ an h\r late :5 we met him1 aft] we _h walk$ ov] half ! di/ance to ! /ation4 ,i h spok5 at ano!r "t ( ! fact t m5 :o employ col\r$ workm5 h compla9$ to me t aft] ^! m5 _h drawn a week's pay1 !y c\ld n be dep5d$ ^u to return to "w ! next ,monday morn+4 ,9 ! city ( ,savannah1 ,georgia1 !re are a great _m col\r$ m5 employ$ z /ev$ores--m5 :o load & unload %ips4 ,if y h read ! newspap]s c>efully y w h notic$ t rec5tly ! p]sons :o employ ^! m5 h made a new rule1 by :i* !y refuse to pay ! /ev$ores all ( _! wages at ! end ( ! week1 b reta9 two days' pay out ( ea* week1 f e individual :o works = !m1 to be paid to !m at ! end ( ! next week4 ,( c\rse ! m5 d n lose any?+ 9 ! end by ?is me?od2 x simply means t s long z !y "w = "o employ] !re are at lea/ two days' pay due !m4 ,( c\rse ! lab\r]s ^: wages 7 ?us kept back h made a great noise ab\t x1 b :5 _! employ]s 7 ask$ = an explanation1 !y said3 ,we f9d by exp]i5ce t if we pay y all t we owe y on ,saturday night1 we _c dep5d ^u y\r return+ on ,monday morn+ to cont9ue y\r "w4 ,y are apt to get drunk1 or to debau* y\rselves on ,sunday s t y are unfitt$ = y\r "w ! next day4 ,?is is ! decision ^! m5 h arriv$ at aft] hav+ employ$ ^! m5 = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,n[ ?9k ( ! ?+s ,i h spok5 to y ab\t4 ,y may say ) reg>d to ! la/1 t to a great ext5t ?is action on ! "p ( ! ,savannah employ]s 0 due to prejudice1 to a desire to use ! money )held = _! own selfi% purposes1 & because !y _h ! p[] to d s1 b y c v easily und]/& t if a p]son goes on be+ disappo9t$ mon? aft] mon? 9 8 bus9ess1 he w soon conclude t x is be/ = him to try a hackman ( "s o!r col\r & disposition1 & t if ^! ,savannah employ]s f9d ye> aft] ye> t !y _c dep5d on col\r$ m5 to give !m ?or\gh1 regul>1 sy/ematic lab\r1 !y are go+ to look out = p]sons ( ano!r race :o w d _! "w prop]ly4 ,x is n necess>y = me to cont9ue 9 ?is /ra91 & to call att5tion to o!r incid5ts ( ?is k9d1 to %[1 z ,i h told y be=e1 t "o ( ! weak po9ts :i* we z a race mu/ fight aga9/1 is t ( n be+ reliable4 ,( c\rse ,i und]/& t x is n always possible = a p]son to keep an engagem5t1 b if he _c1 x is v r>ely ! case t he _c s5d ^w to ! p]son ) :om he has made ! engagem5t ( 8 inability to keep 8 "p ( x4 ,9 ! case ( ! hackm5 :o disappo9t$ me1 if !y _h s5t ^w two or ?ree h\rs ahead ( ! "t1 t !y c\ld n come1 or if !y _h s5t ano!r hackman to fill ! engagem5t = !m1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght no?+ ab\t x4 ,9 ! case ( ^? ,savannah lab\r]s1 :5 !y f\nd !y c\ld n g back to _! "w promptly1 if !y _h s5t ^w to t effect1 _! abs5ce1 p]haps1 c\ld h be5 excus$4 ,b x is ?is habit ( disappo9t+ p 9 bus9ess matt]s )\t app>5t c>e or conc]n t has giv5 ! race ! damag+ reputation :i* x has = unreliability4 ,i speak ( ^! ?+s repeat$ly & s pla9ly because ,i am con/antly meet+ p]sons :o are employ]s or :o w\ld be employ]s ( our p1 & !y tell me e "t :5 ,i speak to !m ab\t "w1 t _! only objection to employ+ col\r$ lab\r is ?is v matt] ,i h be5 speak+ (1 its unreliability4 ,_m ( !m say t !y want to employ col\r$ p1 w\ld be glad to give !m places ( responsibility1 b t !y _c f9d m5 :o w /ick to _! "w4 ,y may say t x is impossible = u to gr[ & develop1 to get positions ( tru/ & responsibility t w pay good wages1 simply because we are col\r$4 ,i w give y an example on ?is v po9t4 ,a few days ago ,i 0 9 ,new ,orleans1 visit+ a l>ge sug> ref9]y4 ,! firm :i* op]ates ?is ref9]y employs f two hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ m54 ,i f\nd ! "y man :o has *>ge ( all ! bookkeep+ ( ! firm1 ?r\gh ^: h&s all ! bus9ess & ca% ( ! firm pass--,i f\nd ?is man to be col\r$1 & t all ! o!r p]sons fill+ responsible positions "u him 7 :ite4 ,i rememb] "s two or ?ree ye>s ago hav+ met "o ( ! p>tn]s ( ?is firm 9 ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 & he told me at t "t ( ?is "y man4 ,he told me t a great _m p]sons came to him & said3 ,y ought n to h ?is col\r$ man fill+ ?is position :5 !re are s _m :ite p]sons :o want ! place4 ,he told me t he said to ^! p]sons3 ,?is "y man does my "w bett] ?an any "o else ,i h yet f\nd1 & s long z he does ?is1 s long %all ,i employ him4 ,?is g5tleman has s9ce di$1 b ! bus9ess is 9 ! h&s ( 8 wid[1 :o has s mu* confid5ce 9 ! ability ( ?is "y col\r$ man to manage ! affairs ( a great bus9ess--,mr4 ,lewis is 8 "n2 p]haps "s ( y "k him--t he is reta9$1 practically at ! head ( ?is great e/abli%m5t4 ,?is s+le in/ance %[s t not)/&+ 8 col\r a man c rise = :at is 9 him2 t he c advance :5 he %[s t he c be dep5d$ ^u4 ,rememb] t :e!r y are hackm51 or bus9ess m51 x pays :5ev] y _c fill an engagem5t to expla9 be=eh& :y y _c1 & t unless y make a practice ( do+ ?is1 x w be impossible = y to get ahead or to atta9 to places ( tru/ & responsibility1 no matt] h[ mu* education y may h4 ,z ,i h s (t5 said be=e1 if we _c s5d out f ,tuskegee & simil> s*ools "y m5 & wom5 :o c be dep5d$ ^u1 our reputation z a race1 = ! ye>s t are to come1 is n go+ to be v bright4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we c succe$ 9 s5d+ out "y m5 & wom5 ) a high s5se ( responsibility1 :o c at all times be reli$ ^u to be prompt 9 bus9ess matt]s1 we %all h gone a long way 9 r$eem+ ! "* ( ! race & 9 lift+ x up4 ,9 ?is important matt] all ( y c help4 ,d n wait until y g out f ,tuskegee1 b beg9 to-morr[ morn+1 e boy & girl1 to be reliable & to keep at x until reliability becomes a "p ( y4 ,,"s ,,lessons ,,( ,,! ,,h\r ,?is ev5+ ,i am go+ to rem9d y ( a few ?+s :i* y %\ld get out ( ! s*ool ye>1 b x w be ( v little use = me to d ?is unless y make up y\r m9ds to d two ?+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place y mu/ resolve t y are go+ to rememb] ! ?+s ,i am go+ to say1 & 9 ! second place y mu/ put my sugge/ions into practice4 ,if y w make up y\r m9ds1 !n1 t y are go+ to hold on to ^! sugge/ions1 s f> z y\r memory is conc]n$1 & !n s f> z possible put !m into practice1 we %all be able to discuss some?+ t w be ( pr(it to y dur+ ! ye>4 ,i want y to get x firmly fix$ 9 y\r m9ds t books1 indu/ries1 or tools ( any "*1 no matt] h[ ?or\ghly y ma/] !m1 d n )9 !mselves con/itute education4 ,committ+ to memory pages ( writt5 matt]1 or becom+ deft 9 ! h&l+ ( tools1 is n ! supreme ?+ at :i* education aims4 ,books1 tools1 & indu/ries are b ! means to fit y = some?+ t is high] & bett]4 ,all ^! are n ends )9 !mselves2 !y are simply means4 ,! end ( all education1 :e!r ( head or h& or he>t1 is to make an individual good1 to make him useful1 to make him p[]ful2 is to give him goodness1 usefulness & p[] 9 ord] t he may ex]t a helpful influ5ce ^u 8 fell[s4 ,"o ( ! ?+s ,i want y to get out ( ?is ye> is ! ability to put a prop] value ^u "t4 ,if !re is any "o lesson t we all ( u ne$ to h impress$ ^u u m ?or\ghly & m con/antly ?an any o!r1 x is t ea* m9ute ( our lives is ( supreme value1 & t we are committ+ a s9 :5 we all[ a s+le m9ute to g to wa/e4 ,rememb] t e five m9utes ( "t y are sp5d+ at ?is in/itution is wor? s mu* money to y4 ,h[ _m p !re are :o1 aft] !y h arriv$ at ! ages ( sixty1 sev5ty1 or eighty ye>s1 look back ) regret & say1 ,i wi% ,i c\ld live ! ye>s ov] aga94 ,b !y _c4 ,all !y c d is to regret t !y h wa/$ preci\s m9utes1 preci\s h\rs4 ,n[ y\r lives are yet be=e y1 n1 z 9 ! case ( ^! p1 beh9d y4 ,y\r lives are yet to be liv$1 & !y w be made successful lives j 9 proportion z y le>n to place a value ^u ! m9utes4 ,sp5d e m9ute "h 9 h>d1 e>ne/ /udy1 or 9 helpful recreation4 ,be sure t none ( y\r "t is ?r[n away4 ,among o!r ?+s1 y %\ld get out ( ! ye> ! habit ( read+4 ,any individual :o has le>n$ to love good books1 to love ! be/ newspap]s1 ! be/ magaz9es1 & has le>n$ to sp5d "s portion ( ! day 9 communication ) !m1 is a happy individual4 ,y %\ld get y\rselves to ! po9t :]e y w n be happy unless y d sp5d a "p ( ea* day 9 ?is way4 ,y %\ld get out ( ! ye> ! habit ( be+ k9d & polite to e individual4 ,z a g5]al ?+ x is n difficult = a p]son to be polite 9 words & c\rte\s 9 actions to individuals :o are class$ 9 ! same social scale1 or :o1 p]haps1 are above him 9 weal? & influ5ce4 ,! te/ ( a true lady or g5tleman comes :5 t individual is br\ght 9 contact ) "s "o :o is consid]$ b5ea? h] or him1 "s "o :o is ignorant or poor4 ,%[ me a man :o is himself weal?y1 & :o is g5tle & polite to ! ignorant ab\t him1 & to ! poor p ab\t him1 & ,i w %[ y e "t a true g5tleman4 ,:5 ,pr9ce ,h5ry ( ,prussia 0 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i rememb] read+ ?is description ( "o ( ! prom95t public m5 :o receiv$ him3 ,he is su* a true g5tleman t he c meet a pr9ce )\t himself be+ emb>rass$1 & c meet a poor man )\t emb>rass+ ! poor man4 ,le>n to speak k9dly to e individual1 :ite or black4 ,no man loses any?+ by be+ g5tlemanly1 by le>n+ to be polite1 by treat+ ! mo/ un=tunate individual ) ! highe/ def]5ce4 ,we want y to le>n to control y\r temp]4 ,"s "o has said t ! diff]5ce betwe5 an animal & a man is t ! bea/ has no me?od ( le>n+ to control 8 temp]4 ,) ! individual1 ! human be+1 !re is education & tra9+4 ,he le>ns to ma/] himself1 to h an ev5 temp]2 le>ns to ma/] 8 temp] completely4 ,n[ if any ( y h a temp] t (t5 gets to be y\r ma/]1 make up y\r m9d t x is a "p ( y\r duty "h to le>n to control x4 ,/ep ^u x1 z x 71 & say3 ,i w be ma/] ( my temp]1 in/ead ( lett+ x be my ma/]4 ,y want to h t k9d ( c\rage t is go+ to make y able to speak ! tru? at all times1 no matt] :at x may seem to co/ y4 ,?is may1 = ! "t be+1 seem to make y unpopul>2 x may inconv5i5ce y1 x may deprive y ( some?+ t y c\nt de>2 b ! individual :o cultivates t k9d ( c\rage1 :o1 at ! co/ ( ev]y?+1 always speaks ! tru?1 is ! individual :o 9 ! end w be successful1 is ! "o :o 9 ! end w come out ! conqu]or4 ,y _c af=d to le>n to speak any?+ b ! absolute tru?4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ?+s t ,i h se5 pr9t$ ab\t ,presid5t ,roosevelt 0 :]e someone wrote ( him t "o ( ! ,presid5t's greate/ faults 0 t he did n "k :5 to lie--:5 to deceive p--b t he always spoke ! absolute1 frank tru?4 ,z a result ( 8 hone/y1 8 tru? speak+1 he is at ! head ( ! nation4 ,we also want y to le>n to be absolutely hone/ 9 all y\r deal+s ) o!r p's prop]ty4 ,we may j z well speak pla9ly & emphatically4 ,"o ( our wor/ s9s1 "o ( our weaknesses1 is t ( n be+ able to h&le o!r p's prop]ty & be hone/ ) x4 ,y %\ld le>n to be absolutely hone/ ) ! prop]ty ( y\r room-mates1 s*ool-mates & tea*]s4 ,make up y\r m9ds t no?+ is go+ to tempt y f ! pa? ( absolute hone/y4 ,!re is no man or woman :o beg9s ) m$dl+ ) o!r p's prop]ty & affairs1 :o beg9s to le>n to take t :i* does n belong to him or h]1 :o is n beg9n+ 9 a d[nw>d pa? end+ 9 mis]y1 sorr[ & disappo9tm5t4 ,make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to be absolutely hone/ & tru?ful 9 all cases4 ,!re is no way to get happ9ess out ( life1 !re is no way to get satisfaction out ( y\r s*ool c>e]1 except by foll[+ ! lessons t ,i h "h tri$ to emphasize4 ,:5 we speak ( hone/y1 ! fir/ ?\ght may be t ! ^w applies only to ! tak+ ( prop]ty t does n belong to u1 b ?is is n s4 ,x is possible = a p]son to be di%one/ by tak+ "t or en]gy t belongs to someone else1 j z mu* z tangible prop]ty4 ,9 go+ into a class-room1 (fice1 /ore or %op1 "o man may ask himself ! "q3 ,h[ little c ,i d to-day & /ill get ?r\gh ! day8 ,ano!r man w h con/antly be=e him ! "q3 ,h[ mu* c ,i put into ?is h\r or ?is day8 ,n[ we expect e /ud5t :o goes out f ,tuskegee to be1 n ! man :o tries to see h[ little he c d1 or ! av]age man :o proposes to d m]ely 8 duty1 b ! man above ! av]age1 :o w d m ?an 8 duty4 ,& y w disappo9t u unless y are above ! av]age man1 unless y g out f "h ) ! det]m9ation t y are go+ to p]=m m ?an y\r duty4 ,i l to see "y m5 or "y wom5 :o1 if employ$ 9 any capacity1 no matt] h[ small or unimportant t capacity may be1 if ! h\r is eight o'clock at :i* !y mu/ come to "w1 ,i l to see !m at "w t5 or fifte5 m9utes be=e t h\r4 ,i l to see a man or woman :o1 if ! clos+ h\r is five o'clock or six o'clock1 goes to ! p]son 9 *>ge & says3 ,%all ,i n /ay long]8 ,is !re n some?+ else ,i ought to d be=e ,i g8 ,put y\r :ole s\ls into :atev] y attempt to d4 ,t is hone/y4 ,ano!r ?+ y %\ld le>n ?is ye> is to get into t\* ) ! be/ p !re are 9 ! _w4 ,y %\ld le>n to associate ) ! be/ /ud5ts 9 ! in/itution4 ,take !m z models1 & say t y are go+ to improve f mon? to mon?1 & f ye> to ye>1 until y are z good z !y are1 or bett]4 ,y _c rea* ^! ?+s all at once1 b ,i hope t ea* "o ( y w make up 8 m9d or h] m9d t f to-night1 ?r\gh\t ! ye> & ?r\gh\t life1 !re is go+ to be a h>d /riv+ on y\r "p t[>d rea*+ ! be/ results4 ,if y d ?is1 :5 y get ready to leave ?is in/itution1 y w f9d t x has be5 wor? y\r :ile to h sp5t y\r "t "h4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,s]vice ,! subject on :i* ,i am go+ to speak to y = a few m9utes to-night1 ,! ,gospel ( ,s]vice1 may n1 :5 y fir/ he> x1 /rike a v responsive *ord 9 y\r he>ts & m9ds1 b ,i assure y ,i h no?+ b ! v highe/ & be/ int]e/ ( ! race at he>t :5 ,i select ?is subject to talk ab\t4 ,! ^w s]vice has too (t5 be5 misund]/ood1 & on ?is acc\nt x has 9 too _m cases c>ri$ ) x a mean+ :i* indicates degradation4 ,e individual s]ves ano!r 9 "s capacity1 or %\ld d s4 ,*ri/ said t he :o w\ld become ! greate/ ( all mu/ become ! s]vant ( all2 t is1 ,he meant t 9 proportion z "o r5d]s s]vice he becomes great4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a s]vant ( ! p1 because he s]ves !m2 ! ,gov]nor ( ,alabama is a s]vant1 because he r5d]s s]vice to ! p ( ! ,/ate2 ! greate/ m]*ant 9 ,montgom]y is a s]vant1 because he r5d]s s]vice to 8 cu/om]s2 ! s*ool tea*] is a s]vant1 because x is 8 duty to s]ve ! be/ int]e/s ( 8 pupils2 ! cook is a s]vant1 because x is h] duty to s]ve ^? = :om %e works2 ! h\semaid is a s]vant1 because x is h] duty to c>e = ! prop]ty intru/$ to h] 9 ! be/ mann] 9 :i* %e is able4 ,9 "o way or ano!r1 e individual :o am\nts to any?+ is a s]vant4 ,! man or ! woman :o is n a s]vant is "o :o accompli%es no?+4 ,x is v (t5 true t a race1 l an individual1 does n appreciate ! opportunities t are spread out be=e x until ^? opportunities h disappe>$4 ,be=e u1 z a race 9 ! ,s\? to-day1 !re is a va/ field = s]vice & usefulness :i* is /ill 9 our h&s1 b :i* ,i fe> w n be ours to ! same ext5t v mu* long] unless we *ange our ideas ( s]vice1 & put new life1 put new dignity & intellig5ce into x4 ,p]haps ,i am "r 9 ?9k+ t 9 no dep>tm5t ( life has !re be5 su* great progress & su* *anges = ! bett] dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s z 9 ! dep>tm5t ( dome/ic s]vice1 or h\sekeep+4 ,! cook :o does n make h]self intellig5t1 :o does n le>n to d ?+s 9 ! late/1 & 9 ! neate/ & cleane/ mann]1 w soon f9d h]self )\t employm5t1 or w at lea/ f9d h]self a drug on ! m>ket1 in/ead ( be+ s\ght aft] & paid high] wages4 ,! woman :o does n keep up ) all ! late/ me?ods ( decorat+ & sett+ h] table1 & ( putt+ ! food on x prop]ly1 w f9d h] occupation gone )9 a few ye>s4 ,! same is true ( g5]al h\sekeep+1 ( laund]+ & ( nurs+4 ,all ! occupations ( :i* ,i h be5 talk+ are at pres5t 9 our h&s 9 ! ,s\?2 b ,i repeat t v great progress is be+ made 9 all ( !m 9 e "p ( ! _w1 & we %all f9d t we %all lose !m unless our wom5 g =w>d & get rid ( ! old idea t su* occupations are fit only = ignorant p to foll[4 ,at ! pres5t "t scores ( books & magaz9es are appe>+ be>+ ^u e bran* ( dome/ic s]vice4 ,p are le>n+ to d ?+s 9 an intellig5t & sci5tific mann]4 ,n long ago ,i sat = an h\r & li/5$ to a lecture deliv]$ ^u ! subject ( du/+1 & x 0 "o ( ! mo/ valuable h\rs ,i ev] sp5t4 ,! p]son :o gave ?is lecture ^u du/+ 0 a highly educat$ & a cultivat$ woman1 & h] audi5ce 0 compos$ ( weal?y & cultivat$ p4 ,we mu/ br+ ourselves to ! po9t :]e we c feel t "o :o cooks1 & does x well1 %\ld be j z mu* hon\r$ z ! p]son :o tea*es s*ool4 ,:at ,i h said 9 reg>d to ! employm5ts ( our wom5 is equally true ( ! occupations foll[$ by our m54 ,x is true t at ! pres5t we are l>gely cultivat+ ! soil ( ! ,s\?1 b if o!r p le>n to d ?is "w m intellig5tly1 le>n m ab\t lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y1 & become m consci5ti\s ab\t _! "w ?an we1 we %all f9d our occupation dep>t+4 ,x us$ to be ! case 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,nor? t ! ,negro 0 ! coa*man2 b 9 a v l>ge degree1 9 cities l ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 ! ,negro has lo/ ?is occupation1 & lo/ x1 9 my op9ion1 n because he 0 a ,negro1 b because 9 _m cases he did n see t ! occupation ( coa*man 0 con/antly be+ improv$4 ,x has be5 improv$ & lift$ up until n[ x has almo/ become a pr(ession4 ,! ,negro :o expects to rema9 a coa*man %\ld le>n ! prop] dress = a coa*man1 & le>n h[ to c>e = horses & vehicles 9 ! mo/ approv$ mann]4 ,:at is true ( ! coa*man is true ( ! butl]4 ,9 too _m cases1 ,i fe>1 we use ^! occupations m]ely z /epp+ /ones1 hold+ on to !m until we c f9d some?+ else to d1 9 a c>eless & slip%od mann]4 ,we want to *ange all ?is1 & put our :ole s\ls into ^! occupations1 & 9 a l>ge degree make !m our life-"w4 ,9 proportion z we d ?is1 we %all lay a f\ndation ^u :i* our *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 are to rise to high] ?+s4 ,! f\ndation ( e race mu/ be laid 9 ! common e-day occupations t are "r ab\t our doors4 ,x %\ld n be our ?\ght to see h[ little we c put into our "w1 b h[ mu*2 n h[ quickly we c get rid ( our tasks1 b h[ well we c d !m4 ,i (t5 wi% t ,i _h ! means to put into e city a l>ge tra9+-s*ool = giv+ in/ruction 9 all l9es ( dome/ic s]vice4 ,few ?+s w\ld add m to ! fundam5tal usefulness ( ! race ?an su* a s*ool4 ,p]haps x may be sugge/$ t my argum5t has ref]5ce only to our s]v+ :ite p4 ,x has ref]5ce to do+ :atev] we d 9 ! be/ mann]1 no matt] :om we s]ve4 ,! individual :o s]ves a black man poorly w s]ve a :ite man poorly4 ,let me illu/rate :at ,i mean4 ,9 a ,s\!rn city1 a few days ago1 ,i f\nd a l>ge hotel conduct$ by col\r$ p4 ,x is "o ( ! v cleane/ & be/ & mo/ attractive hotels = col\r$ p t ,i h f\nd 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 talk+ ) ! proprietors ,i ask$ !m :at 0 ! greate/ ob/acle !y _h _h to ov]come1 & !y told me x 0 9 f9d+ col\r$ wom5 to "w 9 ! h\se :o w\ld d _! "w sy/ematically & well1 wom5 :o w\ld1 9 a ^w1 keep ! rooms 9 e "p ( ! hotel ?or\ghly swept & clean$4 ,?is hotel _h be5 op5$ ?ree mon?s1 & ,i f\nd t dur+ t "t ! proprietors _h employ$ fifte5 diff]5t *amb]maids1 & !y _h got rid ( a l>ge proportion ( ^! simply because !y 7 det]m9$ n to h p 9 _! employm5t :o did n d _! "w well4 ,"o weakness p]ta9+ to ! :ole matt] ( dome/ic employm5t 9 ! ,s\?1 at pres5t1 is ?is3 x is too easy = our p to f9d "w4 ,if !re 0 a rule foll[$ 9 e family t employs p]sons1 t no man or woman %\ld be hir$ unless he or %e br\ght a lett] ( recomm5dation f ! la/ employ]1 we %\ld f9d t ! :ole matt] ( dome/ic s]vice w\ld be lift$ up a hundr$ p] c5t4 ,s long z an individual c d poor "w = "o family1 & p]haps be di%one/ at ! same "t1 & be sure t he or %e w be employ$ by "s o!r family1 )\t reg>d to ! k9d ( s]vice r5d]$ ! la/ employ]1 s long w dome/ic s]vice be poor & unsatisfactory4 ,_m :ite p seldom come 9 contact ) ! ,negro 9 any o!r capacity ?an t ( dome/ic s]vice4 ,if !y get a poor idea ( our "* & s]vice 9 t respect1 !y w inf] t ! entire life ( ! ,negro is unsatisfactory f e po9t ( view4 ,we want to be sure t :]ev] our life t\*es t ( ! :ite man1 we conduct ourselves s t he w get ! be/ impression possible ( u4 ,9 spite ( all ! fault ,i h f\nd1 ,i w\ld say ?is be=e ,i /op4 ,i recognize t ! p ( no race1 "u simil> circum/ances1 h made great] progress 9 ?irty-five ye>s ?an is true ( ! p ( ! ,negro race4 ,if ,i h spok5 to y ?us pla9ly & frankly1 x is t our progress 9 ! future may be /ill great] ?an x has be5 9 ! pa/4 ,,y\r ,,"p ,,9 ,,! ,,negro ,,conf]5ce ,= eight or n9e ye>s1 n[1 x has be5 our cu/om to hold "h :at is kn[n z ! ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago x occurr$ to "s ( u t in/ead ( conf9+ ! "w ( ?is in/itution to ! imm$iate body ( /ud5ts ga!r$ )9 its walls1 we p]haps c\ld ext5d & broad5 its scope s z to rea* out to1 & try to help1 ! p>5ts ( ! /ud5ts & ! old] p 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 &1 to "s ext5t1 if possible1 9 ! cities also4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 we1 "s ye>s ago1 invit$ a numb] ( m5 & wom5 to come & sp5d ! day ) u1 &1 :ile "h1 to tell u 9 a v pla9 & /raight=w>d mann] some?+ ab\t _! mat]ial1 moral & religi\s condition4 ,!n ! aft]noon ( t same day 0 sp5t 9 he>+ f ^! same m5 & wom5 sugge/ions z to h[ !y ?\ght ?is in/itution & o!r in/itutions might help !m1 & also h[ !y ?\ght !y might help !mselves4 ,out ( ^! simple & small meet+s has gr[n :at we n[ call ,! ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce1 :i*1 9 ! la/ few ye>s1 has gr[n until x numb]s f n9e hundr$ to twelve hundr$ p]sons4 ,we n only h t l>ge numb] ( p]sons1 mo/ ( :om come f f>ms & are engag$ 9 f>m "w1 b we n[ also h ,! ,work]s' ,conf]5ce1 :i* meets on ! day foll[+ ! ,negro ,conf]5ce4 ,?is ,work]s' ,conf]5ce br+s toge!r repres5tatives f all ! l>g] in/itutions = ! education ( ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\?4 ,n[ ^! meet+s = ?is ye> beg9 next ,w$nesday morn+1 & ! practical "q t ,i wi% to discuss ) y to-night is1--,:at c we d to make t ,conf]5ce a success8 ,:at c y d = ! ,conf]5ce1 & :at c ! ,conf]5ce d = y8 ,i wi% y to grasp ! idea t is gr[+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry--t v few in/itutions n[ conf9e !mselves & _! "w to m]e tea*+ 9 ! class-room1 9 ! old-fa%ion$ mann]4 ,v few n[ conf9e !mselves & _! "w to ! comp>atively small numb] ( /ud5ts t !y c rea* 9 t way1 z !y did a few ye>s ago4 ,9 _m cases !y h _! college ext5sion "w4 ,9 "o way or ano!r !y are rea*+ out & gett+ hold ( ! "y p--& gett+ a hold on ! old] p z well4 ,& j s1 to a v l>ge degree1 ?r\gh ?is ,conf]5ce1 ,tuskegee is do+ some?+ ( ! same k9d ( ?+4 ,dur+ ^! few days we %all h hundr$s ( ! f>m]s1 ) _! wives & daught]s1 ga!r$ "h4 ,we want ea* & e "o ( y "h 9 ! in/itution to make up y\r m9d t y c d some?+ to help ^! p4 ,we want ea* "o ( y "h to-night to feel t he or %e has a special responsibility dur+ ! "t ^! p are ga!r$ toge!r at ,tuskegee4 ,we sometimes speak ( x z _! "o day ( s*ool+ 9 ! :ole ye>1--t is1 ! "o day out ( ! :ole ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days 9 ! ye> :51 p]haps1 !y w give ! greate/ am\nt ( att5tion to matt]s p]ta9+ to !mselves4 ,9 invit+ !m "h1 n only ! tea*]s & (fic]s ( ?is in/itution h a responsibility1 b ea* & e /ud5t "h also has a responsibility4 ,i want y to feel t1 & see to :at ext5t y c take hold ( ^! p :ile !y are "h1 to inspire & enc\rage !m1 s z to h !m g away f "h feel+ t x is wor? _! :ile to come to ! ,in/itute = ?is meet+1 ev5 if--z is true ( "s ( !m--!y h come a long di/ance4 ,"s ( ^! p :o w come "h are ignorant1 s f> z books are conc]n$1 b ,i want y to "k t n e p]son :o _c read & write is ignorant4 ,"s ( ! p]sons :om ,i h met & f :om ,i h le>n$ mu*1 are p]sons :o _c write a ^w4 ,v _m ( ! p :o w come "h may n be able to read or write1 b we c le>n some?+ f !m not)/&+1 :ile !y are "h1 & !y c le>n some?+ f u4 ,i want y to take delight 9 gett+ hold ( ^! p & tak+ !m ?r\gh our %ops1 guid+ !m ?r\gh our v>i\s agricultural & me*anical dep>tm5ts4 ,be sure t y ex]t e ef=t possible to make !m com=table & happy :ile !y are "h4 ,h]et(ore ! /ud5ts h be5 s g5]\s1 at ! "t ( ?is meet+1 t _m ( !m1 if necess>y1 h giv5 up _! rooms t ^! p might h a com=table night's re/4 ,i d n "k :]e y h slept1 b ,i d n ?9k t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! s*ool a /ud5t 0 ev] ask$ to give up 8 room to any ( ^! p t he did n gladly & freely d s4 ,i believe t y are go+ to d ! same ?+ ?is ye>4 ,i want y1 also1 to rememb] t y n only c help ! ,conf]5ce to be a success by be+ polite & k9dly to ! f>m]s :o come f ?is & o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates1 b also by be+ polite & att5tive to ! repres5tatives f ! l>ge in/itutions t w be "h4 ,we w h pres5t repres5tatives f e l>ge in/itution engag$ 9 ! education ( our p4 ,x means mu* = ! pr9cipals & in/ructors 9 ^! l>ge colleges & indu/rial s*ools to leave _! "w & come z f> z _m ( !m d1 to sp5d ^! days "h4 ,we h a responsibility on _! acc\nt2 we desire !m to feel t x has be5 wor? _! :ile to leave _! "w & sp5d _! "t & money to come "h = ^! meet+s4 ,we wi% !m to get some?+ out ( our indu/ries "h2 we wi% !m to get some?+ out ( ! tra9+ "h1 9 e dep>tm5t1 some?+ :i* !y c take back to _! own in/itution to make _! "w !re /rong] & bett]4 ,n[ z to y\rselves4 ,y c get some?+ out ( ?is ,conf]5ce = y\rselves1 by gett+ hold ( ev]y?+ possible1 s t :5 y g out f ,tuskegee y w h j t mu* m helpful in=mation to put into practice4 ,i want to see y g out ?r\gh ! ,s\? & e/abli% local conf]5ces4 ,call !m toge!r1 & tea* ! same k9d ( lessons t we tea* at ^! ga!r+s at ,tuskegee4 ,y c get ! mo/ out ( ?is ,conf]5ce by putt+ into practice ?is ef=t to make o!r p happy4 ,to get ! greate/ happ9ess out ( life is to make somebody else happy4 ,to get ! greate/ good out ( life is to d some?+ = somebody else4 ,i want y to f9d ! p]sons :o are mo/ ignorant & mo/ pov]ty /rick52 ,i want y to f9d ! p]sons :o are mo/ =lorn & mo/ disc\rag$1 & d some?+ = !m to make _! h\rs happy4 ,9 do+ t1 y w d ! mo/ = y\rselves4 ,i want ea* boy & ea* girl :o belongs to ?is in/itution to be deep d[n 9 8 or h] he>t a g5tleman or a lady4 ,a g5tleman means simply ?is3 a g5]\s p]son2 "o :o has le>n$ to be k9d2 "o :o has le>n$ to ?9k n ( himself fir/1 b ( ! happ9ess & welf>e ( o!rs4 ,let u put ?is _s into our ,conf]5ce day ! com+ week1 & ! day & week w be ! greate/ & mo/ successful t we h ev] _h4 ,let our resolution be t ! p]sons :o come "h1 :e!r !y repres5t a univ]sity1 a college1 an indu/rial s*ool1 a f>m1 or a %op--let our resolve be t :5 ^! p leave "h !y %all take away ) !m f ,tuskegee some?+ t w make _! lives happi]1 bright]1 /rong] & m useful4 ,,:at ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,our ,,future8 ,la/ ,?ursday aft]noon ,i receiv$ a telegram f a g5tleman /opp+ = a "t 9 a city 9 ,georgia1 ask+ me to come !re at once on important bus9ess2 & be+ r curi\s to "k :at he want$ ( me1 ,i w5t4 ,i f\nd t ?is man 0 9 ! act ( mak+ 8 w1 & t he _h 9 m9d ! putt+ aside ( a consid]able sum 9 8 w--"s #bj1jjj1 9 fact--= ?is in/itution4 ,! special po9t ^u :i* ?is g5tleman wi%$ to consult me 0 ! future ( ! ,in/itution4 ,he said t he _h work$ v h>d = 8 money1 t x _h come z a result ( mu* sacrifice & h>d ef=t1 & t !re 7 fri5ds ( 8 :o 7 besee*+ him to use 8 money 9 o!r directions1 because !y ?\ght x w\ld be m likely to d p]man5t good else:]e4 ,& s he wi%$ to "k :at ! future ( ?is ,in/itution is likely to be1 because he did n c>e to risk 8 money ^u an unc]ta9 v5ture1 "o t 0 likely to prosp] = a few ye>s1 & !n fail4 ,he said t he w\ld n l to give 8 money to an in/itution :]e x w\ld n g on ?r\gh ! ye>s1 accompli%+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( good4 ,accord+ly ! "q he repeat$ to me ov] & ov] aga9 03 ,:at is to be ! future ( ,tuskegee8 ,he wi%$ to "k :e!r1 if we 7 giv5 ! money1 x w\ld g on f ye> to ye>1 bless+ "o g5]ation aft] ano!r4 ,my po9t 9 speak+ to y to-night is to emphasize :at ,i ?9k our good fri5d ,pr(essor ,br[n has already br\ght to our att5tion 9 "o or two ( 8 talks to u ?is week1 ! importance ( mak+ ?is in/itution :at x ought to be1 :at its reputation gives x1 & :at its "n implies4 ,m & m ,i realize--& ,i rememb] t ! g5tleman ( :om ,i h spok5 repeat$ ?is to me ) great emphasis--t s f> z ! outside _w is conc]n$1 ,tuskegee is sure2 y ne$ n h ! lea/ d\bt t ! in/itution w be support$4 ,if we keep ?+s "r at ! in/itution1 if x is wor?y ( support1 ! money$ p ( ! c\ntry w support x & /& by x4 ,m & m ea* ye> ?is impression gr[s ^u me1 & m & m ea* ye> !re are conv9c+ evid5ces ( ! fact t ! p]man5ce & gr[? ( ?is in/itution d n re/ ^u :e!r ! p ( ! ,s\? or ! p ( ! ,nor? are go+ to support x ) _! means4 ,i h ! mo/ implicit confid5ce t ! in/itution is go+ to be support$4 ,b ! "q t comes to u ) ! greate/ =ce is3 ,are we go+ to be wor?y ( t support8 ,%all we be wor?y ( ! confid5ce ( ! public8 ,t is ! "q t is mo/ s]i\s2 t is ! "q t presses mo/ heavily ^u my he>t1 & ^u ! he>ts ( ! o!r tea*]s "h4 ,n[ ^! que/ions c be answ]$ satisfactorily only by evid5ce t ea* /ud5t1 ea* individual connect$ ) ! s*ool 9 any way1 no matt] 9 h[ l[ or high a capacity1 is putt+ 8 or h] :ole consci5ce into ! "w "h4 ,:5 ,i say "w1 ,i mean /udy ( books1 "w ( ! h&1 ef=t ( ! body1 will+ness ( ! he>t4 ,no matt] :at ! ?+ is1 put y\r consci5ce into x2 d y\r be/4 ,let x be possible = y to say3 ,i h put my :ole s\l into my /udy1 into my "w1 into :atev] ,i h attempt$4 ,:atev] ,i h done ,i h hone/ly endeavor$ to d to ! be/ ( my ability4 ,! que/ions :i* ?is g5tleman ask$ me1 & simil> k9ds ( que/ions1 are be+ ask$ ov] & ov] aga9 by p all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,! "q c be answ]$ only by our putt+ our consci5ces into our "w1 & by our be+ entirely unselfi% 9 x4 ,let e p]son get into ! habit ( plann+ e day = ! com=t & welf>e ( o!rs1 let ea* "o try to live z unselfi%ly z possible1 rememb]+ t ! ,bible says3 ,he t w\ld save 8 life1 mu/ lose x4 ,& y nev] saw a p]son save 8 life 9 ?is high] s5se1 9 ! ,*ri/-l s5se1 unless t p]son 0 will+1 day by day1 to lose himself 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 fell[-m54 ,su* p]sons save _! own lives1 & 9 sav+ !m save ?\s&s ( o!r lives4 ,su* que/ions z ^! c be satisfactorily answ]$ n m]ely by our putt+ our consci5ces into e ef=t1 no matt] :at ! ef=t may be1 b by improv+1 day by day1 ^u :at has be5 done ! day be=e4 ,9 l>ge in/itutions & e/abli%m5ts x is comp>atively easy to f9d p]sons :o w sweep a room day by day1 or pl\gh a field dur+ c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 & d o!r "w at c]ta9 o!r seasons ( ! ye>1 b ! difficulty comes 9 f9d+ p]sons :o make improvem5ts 9 ! mann] ( sweep+ rooms1 ( pl\gh+ fields & plant+ corn4 ,! "q = u is3 ,are we go+ to put s mu* bra9s into our ef=ts e ye>1 t we are go+ to g on /eadily & con/antly improv+ f ye> to ye>8 ,are y go+ to get into ! habit ( s ?9k+ ab\t y\r "w "h t ! habit w become1 z x 71 a "p ( y\rself1 s t :5 y g out into ! _w y w n be satisfi$ to take a position & g on 9 ! same humdrum mann]1 b w n be satisfi$ until y\r "w has be5 improv$ 9 e possible detail1 & made easi]1 m sy/ematic1 & m conv5i5t8 ,we mu/ put bra9s into our "w4 ,!re mu/ be improvem5t 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?is in/itution e ye>4 ,x is absolutely impossible = an in/itution to /& /ill2 x mu/ g =w>d or backw>d1 gr[ bett] or worse ea* ye>4 ,an in/itution gr[s /rong] & m useful ea* ye>1 or weak] & less useful4 ,?is in/itution c gr[ only by ea* p]son putt+ 8 ?\ght into 8 "w1 by plann+ h[ he c improve ! "w ( 8 p>ticul> dep>tm5t1 by con/antly /riv+ to make 8 "w m useful to ! in/itution1 by keep+ ! place :]e he works clean]1 & mak+ 8 "w m bus9ess-l & m sy/ematic4 ,t is ! only way 9 :i* ! que/ions :i* p all ov] ! c\ntry are ask+ ab\t ?is in/itution c be satisfactorily answ]$4 ,y w f9d t p w look to u m & m = tangible results4 ,n only "h1 b all ov] ! c\ntry1 our race is go+ to be call$ on to answ] ! "q3 ,:at c ! race really accompli%8 ,x is p]fectly well und]/ood by our fri5ds z well z by our enemies1 t we c write good newspap] articles & make good addresses1 t we c s+ well & talk well1 & all t k9d ( ?+4 ,all t is p]fectly well und]/ood & conc$$4 ,b ! "q t w be m & m =c$ ^u u = an answ] is3 ,c we "w out our ?\ghts1 c we put !m into tangible %ape1 s t ! _w may see f day to day actual evid5ces ( our intellectuality8 ,la/ w9t] ,i 0 9 ! t[n ( ,cl9ton1 ,i[a4 ,i ?9k ,i _h nev] he>d ( ! place be=e1 & :5 ,i got !re ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d x a place ( m ?an #af1jjj inhabitants4 ,! g5tleman :o 0 to ent]ta9 me want$ to take me to a col\r$ re/aurant4 ,i expect$ to g into a re/aurant ( ! k9d op]at$ by our p g5]ally1 & ,i 0 v mu* surpris$ :5 he took me into a l>ge1 two-/ory build+4 ,i f\nd ! floors c>pet$1 & ev]y?+ ab\t ! place z pleasant & attractive z x 0 possible to make x4 ,9 fact ! re/aurant comp>$ v fav\rably ) _m 9 ! l>ge/ cities 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i f\nd ! wait]s clean1 ! s]vice good1 & ev]y?+ conduct$ 9 ! mo/ sy/ematic mann]4 ,& !re 0 n ! lea/ ?+1 except ! col\r ( ! proprietor's sk91 to %[ t ! place 0 op]at$ by col\r$ p4 ,aft]w>d my fri5d took me into ano!r e/abli%m5t ( ! same size1 op]at$ 9 ! same cr$itable mann] by ano!r col\r$ man4 ,9 bo? ,i f\nd t ^! g5tlem5 n only c>ri$ on a regul> re/aurant bus9ess1 b manufactur$ _! own c&ies & ice cream1 & did a sort ( :olesale cat]+ bus9ess4 ,i ask$ ! :ite p !re :at !y ?\ght ( ! col\r$ p1 & ,i did n f9d a s+le :ite p]son :o did n h ! mo/ implicit confid5ce 9 ! col\r$ p4 ,! tr\ble 0 t !re 7 n _m col\r$ p !re4 ,t acc\nts possibly = ! good op9ion :i* ! :ite p h ( !m4 ,b y see :at j two black m5 c d4 ,^! p _h nev] se5 _m black p1 b =tunately = u !y _h ) !m two ( ! be/ specim5s ( our race t ,i h ev] se5 any:]e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,z a result y d n f9d any "o curs+ ! black man 9 t t[n4 ,ev]ybody _h ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 black p1 & respect$ !m4 ,j 9 proportion z we c e/abli% object lessons ( ?is k9d all ov] ! c\ntry1 y w f9d t ! problem t n[ is s p]plex+ w disappe>4 ,until we d ?is1 we %all n be able to talk away1 or to argue away1 ?is prejudice4 ,we _c talk our way into our rights2 we mu/ "w our way1 ?9k our way1 into !m4 ,& y w f9d t j 9 proportion z we d ?is1 we are go+ to get all we des]ve4 ,,"s ,,great ,,little ,,?+s ,i am go+ to speak to y = a few m9utes to-night ^u :at ,i %all t]m ,"s ,great ,little ,?+s4 ,i speak ( !m z great1 because ( _! supreme importance1 & ,i speak ( !m z little1 because !y come 9 a class ( ?+s :i* are usually look$ ^u by _m p z small & unimportant4 ,b 9 an in/itution l ?is ,i ?9k !y (t5 hold fir/ place--c]ta9ly !y come "u ! head ( important ?+s t we c le>n4 ,y w rememb] t 9 ! s]mon ! ,*apla9 prea*$ ?is morn+1 he m5tion$ ! ?ree-fold division ( our nature2 ! physical "p1 ! m5tal "p1 & ! spiritual "p4 ,:at ,i %all ref] to to-night has l>gely to d ) ! mat]ial1 ! physical "p ( our natures4 ,!re are c]ta9 little ?+s t ea* "o ( y c le>n n[1 9 connection ) ! c>e ( y\r bodies1 :i*1 if left unle>n$ n[1 w p]haps g )\t be+ le>n$ all y\r lives4 ,y are n[1 z x 71 at ! p>t+ ( ! ways--y are go+ to make ^! habits a "p ( y\rselves1 or y are go+ to let !m escape y =ev]1 & be weak 9 a measure all y\r lives = n hav+ made !m a "p ( y\rselves4 ,i am go+ to speak v pla9ly1 because ,i feel t su* talk means no?+ unless x is 9 language :i* e "o c appreciate & und]/&4 ,n[1 among ! fir/ ?+s t a p]son go+ to a bo>d+ s*ool %\ld le>n1 if he has n already le>n$ x at home--& ,i am con/antly be+ surpris$ at ! numb] :o seem to h ?us left x unle>n$--is ! habit ( regul> & sy/ematic ba?+4 ,no p]son :o has left ?is habit unle>n$ c rea* ! highe/ success 9 life4 ,i mean by t1 t a p]son :o does n get into ! habit ( keep+ ! body clean1 _c d ! highe/ "w & ! greate/ am\nt ( "w 9 ! _w4 ,:5 x comes to compet+ ) p]sons :o h le>n$ ! habit ( keep+ ! body 9 good condition1 y w f9d t ! fir/ nam$ p]sons usually w9 9 ! race ( life4 ,i ?9k _m ( y h already le>n$ f y\r physiologies t :5 x comes to ! combat+ ( disease1 :]e two p]sons are on a sick-b$ ) ! same disease1 ! "o :o is habitually clean 9 8 p]sonal habits has a f> great] *ance = recov]y ?an ! "o :o has n le>n$ ! habit ( cleanl9ess4 ,y w also f9d t ! p]son :o is 9 ! habit ( c>+ = 8 body is 9 a bett] condition = /udy2 he is 9 a condition to be> prolong$ & sev]e ex]tion1 :ile ! p]son ^: body is unclean is 9 a weak condition4 ,take ! matt] ( ! tee?4 ,p]sons _c call !mselves educat$ & ref9$ :o d n make ! matt] ( ! cleanl9ess & prop] c>e ( _! tee? an important "p ( !mselves4 ,:5 ,i speak ( mak+ su* a ?+ a "p ( y\rselves1 ,i mean t y %\ld make x su* a /rong habit t to leave x undone w\ld seem unnatural4 ,"s p]son has def9$ man z a bundle ( habits4 ,!re are _m habits t ,i wi% y to make a "p ( y\rselves1 by practis+ s con/antly t !y may really be said to h become t4 ,!re is ! matt] ( ! c>e ( ! hair1 :i* ev]yone %\ld make a "p ( himself4 ,!re is also ! prop] c>e ( ! f+] nails4 ,n[ all ( ^! are common ?+s1 b !y are great ?+s4 ,i %\ld n recomm5d v highly a "y man or "y woman :o w5t out f ?is in/itution z a graduate1 & _h n le>n$ ! habit ( c>+ = ! tee?1 hair & nails sy/ematically4 ,are y mak+ ^! lessons a "p ( y\rself8 ,take ! "y m5 & "y wom5 :o h be5 "h two or ?ree ye>s4 ,h y gr[n to ! po9t :]e y are dissatisfi$ & all out ( sorts :5 y\r hair is n comb$1 y\r f+] nails dirty1 & y\r body n 9 ! condition x %\ld be 98 ,if y h n rea*$ t po9t1 :5 y come to graduate1 !n !re w be some?+ wrong ) y\r education1 & y are n ready to g out f ?is in/itution1 :e!r y are 9 ! s5ior class or 9 ! prep>atory class4 ,ano!r ?+2 ,i confess t ,i _c h ! highe/ k9d ( respect = ! p]son :o is 9 ! habit ( go+ day aft] day ) buttons (f 8 clo!s4 ,!re is no excuse = x1 :5 buttons are s *eap4 ,i wond] h[ _m ( y c\ld /&1 if ,i 7 n[ to ask all to /& :o h e button 9 its place4 ,i _c h ! be/ op9ion ( a girl :o w let a hole rema9 9 h] apron day aft] day4 ,nor c ,i ?9k well ( a man :o does n remove a grease spot f 8 coat z soon z he discov]s x4 ,y h m respect = y\rselves1 & o!r p h m respect = y1 :5 y get into ! habit ( poli%+ y\r %oes1 no matt] :]e y are1 b especially :5 y are at s*ool4 ,e man %\ld get into ! habit ( poli%+ 8 %oes4 ,see to x t !y are 9 prop] condition at all times4 ,i ne$ n repeat "h1 aft] :at ,i h said1 t x is ( ! utmo/ importance t e p]son we> ! cleane/ ( l954 ,if ,i speak to y s pla9ly1 x is because ,i want y to make ^! matt]s a "p ( y\rselves to su* an ext5t t !y w be ess5tial to y\r happ9ess & success4 ,i want e girl :o goes away f "h to be s ne>ly p]fect 9 h] dress t %e _c be happy if !re is any detail unatt5d$ to2 & ,i want ! same ?+ to be true ( ! "y m54 ,let ^! ?+s h an important be>+ on y\r education "h1 & on y\r life h]eaft]4 ,& !n1 above all ?+s1 al?\gh on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( /ud5ts "h y are v mu* cr[d$ 9 y\r rooms & w h to make all ! h>d] ef=t on t acc\nt1 get into ! habit ( be+ ord]ly & neat4 ,s*ool y\r room-mates to ! po9t :]e !y w h a place = ev]y?+4 ,always "k :]e to put y\r h&s on any?+ y may want 9 y\r room1 :e!r 9 ! light or 9 ! d>k4 ,!n !re are "o or two o!r little ?+s4 ,y %\ld h quiet 9 y\r rooms1 at y\r "w or 9 y\r talk ) y\r fell[ /ud5ts4 ,d y\r "w quietly4 ,get into ! habit ( clos+ doors quietly4 ,y _c realize h[ mu* all ^! little ?+s add to y\r happ9ess & to ! manhood & womanhood :i* y are go+ to build up z ! ye>s g on4 ,& !n1 9 conclusion1 s ord] y\r lives t y c =m ! habit ( read+4 ,set aside a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t ea* day1 ev5 if x be n m ?an f\r or five m9utes1 = read+ & /udy+ aside f y\r lessons4 ,read books ( travel1 hi/ory & biography4 ,i want y to patronize ! libr>y ?is ye> z nev] be=e4 ,9 x are great numb]s ( books by au?ors ( ! highe/ rank4 ,be regul> 9 all y\r habits4 ,h a regul> "t = /udy+1 = recreation1 & = sleep+4 ,& la/1 b f> f lea/1 set aside a regul> "t = ?9k+1 = m$itat+ ) y\rself4 ,take y\rself up1 pick y\rself to pieces1 see :]e9 y are weak & ne$ /r5g!n+4 ,analyze y\rself4 ,get rid1 z x 71 ( all ! weights t h be5 hold+ y back1 & resolve at ! end ( ea* week t y w walk ^u y\r dead selves ( ! week be=e4 ,if y w g on1 mak+ t k9d ( progress1 y w f9d at ! end ( ! n9e s*ool mon?s t y are /rong] 9 ev]y?+ ess5tial to good manhood & good womanhood4 ,,to ,,w\ld-,,be ,,tea*]s ,s9ce v _m ( y :om ,i see be=e me to-night w sp5d "s "p ( y\r lives aft] y leave "h z tea*]s1 ev5 if y d n make tea*+ y\r life "w1 ,i am go+ to talk ov] ) y aga9 a subject on :i* ,i h spok5 else:]e--,h[ to build up a good s*ool 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! col\r$ s*ools ( ! ,s\?1 especially 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts & small] t[ns1 are n kept op5 by ! ,/ate fund1 z a rule1 long] ?an ?ree or f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,"o ( ! great que/ions1 !n1 ) tea*]s & p>5ts1 is h[ to ext5d ! s*ool t]m to sev5 or eight mon?s1 s t ! s*ool %all really d "s good4 ,i want to give a few pla9 sugge/ions1 :i* w1 ,i ?9k1 if c>efully foll[$1 result 9 plac+ a good s*ool 9 almo/ e community4 ,9 ?is ,i am n speculat+1 because m ?an "o ,tuskegee graduate has built up a good s*ool on ! plan ,i outl9e4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! tea*] mu/ be will+ to settle d[n 9 ! community1 & feel t t is to be 8 home1 & tea*+ !re 8 *ief object 9 life :ile he is !re4 ,n only mu/ he n feel t he c move ab\t f place to place e ?ree mon?s1 b he mu/ feel t he is n work+ = 8 sal>y alone4 ,he mu/ be will+ to sacrifice = ! good ( ! community4 ,! next ?+ is to get a conv5i5t s*ool-h\se4 ,usually1 9 ! f> ,s\?1 ! ,/ate has n be5 able to build a s*ool-h\se4 ,h[ is x to be secur$8 ,a good s*ool-h\se %\ld be c>efully plann$4 ,!n ! tea*] or "s "o else %\ld g among ! p 9 ! community1 col\r$ & :ite1 & get ea* individual to give some?+1 no matt] h[ small an am\nt if 9 money1 or1 if n 9 money1 h[ little 9 value1 = pur*as+ lumb]4 ,:5 we 7 gett+ />t$ "h at ,tuskegee "o old col\r$ woman br\ght me six eggs z h] contribution to our "w4 ,if en\gh money _c be secur$ by subscription & collection to pay = ! lumb]1 a supp]1 a fe/ival1 ent]ta9m5t or *ur* collection w help out4 ,aft] ! lumb] is secur$1 ! p>5ts %\ld be ask$ to club 9 ) _! waggons & haul x free4 ,!n at lea/ "o good c>p5t] %\ld be secur$ to take ! lead 9 build+4 ,ea* memb] ( ! community %\ld agree to give a c]ta9 numb] ( days' "w 9 help+ to put up ! /ructure4 ,9 ?is "w ( build+1 ! l>g] pupils c help a good deal1 & !y w h all ! m int]e/ 9 ! s*ool-h\se because !y h _h a h& 9 its erection4 ,9 ^! ways1 by pati5t ef=t1 a good frame s*ool-h\se c be secur$ 9 almo/ any community4 ,:]e x is possible1 take a ?ree or f\r mon?s' public s*ool z a />t+ po9t1 & "w 9 co-op]ation ) ! s*ool (fic]s1 b d n let ! s*ool close at ! end ( ^! ?ree or f\r mon?s1 because if t is done x w am\nt to almo/ no?+4 ,z soon z ! tea*] goes into a community1 he %\ld organize ! p into an educational society or club1 & !re %\ld be regul> meet+s once a week1 or once 9 two weeks1 at :i* plans = ! improvem5t ( ! s*ool %\ld be discuss$4 ,!re are a numb] ( ways = ext5d+ ! s*ool t]m4 ,"o is = ea* p>5t to pay t51 fifte51 tw5ty-five or fifty c5ts ea* mon? dur+ ! :ole "t ! s*ool is 9 session4 ,frequ5tly p>5ts :o _c pay 9 ca% c let ! tea*] h eggs1 *ick5s1 butt]1 sweet potatoes1 corn or "s o!r k9d ( produce :i* w help to supply ! tea*] ) food4 ,ano!r plan is = ea* f>m] to set aside a portion ( l& & give all t is rais$ ^u x to ! s*ool4 ,/ill ano!r plan1 & "o t is be+ successfully c>ri$ out 9 at lea/ "o place1 & "o t ,i ?9k mu* (1 is = ! tea*] to secure1 ei!r by r5t+ or pur*ase1 a small tract ( l&--say f two to five acres--& let ! *ildr5 cultivate ?is l& :ile !y are att5d+ s*ool4 ,if1 9 ?is way1 ?ree bales ( cotton c be rais$1 & a v>iety ( vegetables & gra9 also1 ! produce c be sold & ! s*ool t]m ext5d$ f ?ree mon?s to six or sev5 mon?s4 ,"s p>5ts may object to ?is at fir/1 b !y w soon see t x is bett] to let ! s*ool close at "o o'clock or two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 s t ! *ildr5 may "w on ! s*ool l& = an h\r or two1 & 9 ?is way keep ! s*ool op5 six or sev5 mon?s1 ?an to let x close entirely at ! end ( ?ree mon?s4 ,!re is ano!r advantage 9 ?is latt] plan4 ,! tea*] c 9 ?is way tea* ! /ud5ts1 9 a practical way1 bett] me?ods ( f>m+4 ,%ort talks on ! pr9ciples ( agriculture are wor? mu* m to !m ?an "t sp5t 9 committ+ to memory ! names ( m\nta9 peaks 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,v (t5 !re is en\gh l& "r ar\nd ! s*ool-h\se = ! pupils to cultivate4 ,9 e case :]e x is possible1 ! tea*] %\ld buy a home 9 ! community1 & make 8 home 9 e way a model = ^? ( ! p :o live ar\nd him4 ,! tea*] %\ld cultivate a f>m1 or foll[ "s trade :ile n tea*+4 ,?is n only helps him1 b sets a good example = ! p 9 ! community4 ,if ! tea*] be a woman1 !re are few communities :]e %e _c add mu* to h] income by sew+1 dressmak+ or p\ltry-rais+4 ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,/able ,,habits ,i am go+ to speak ) y a few m9utes ?is ev5+ ^u ! matt] ( /ability4 ,i want y to und]/& :5 y />t out 9 s*ool1 t no individual c accompli% any?+ unless he means to /ick to :at he und]takes4 ,no matt] h[ _m possessions he may h1 no matt] h[ mu* he may h 9 ?is or t direction1 no matt] h[ mu* le>n+ or skill ( h& he may possess1 an individual _c succe$ unless1 at ! same "t1 he possesses t quality :i* w enable him to /ick to :at he und]takes4 ,9 a ^w he is n to be jump+ f ?is ?+ to t ?+4 ,t is ! reason :y s _m m9i/]s fail4 ,!y prea* a:ile1 & !n jump to some?+ else4 ,!y d n /ick to "o ?+4 ,x is ! same ) _m lawy]s & doctors4 ,!y d n /ick to :at !y und]take4 ,_m bus9ess m5 fail = ! same reason4 ,:5 an individual gets a reputation--no matt] :at he has und]tak5--( n hav+ ! quality ( /ick+ to a ?+ until he succe$s 9 rea*+ ! end1 t reputation nullifies ! influ5ce = good ( ! bett] traits ( 8 "* 9 e direction4 ,x is said ( him t he is un/able4 ,i want y to beg9 y\r s*ool life ) ! idea t y are go+ to /ick to :atev] y und]take until y h complet$ x4 ,i take x = grant$ t all ( y h come "h ) t idea 9 m9d2 t be=e y came "h y sat d[n & talk$ ! matt] ov] ) y\r fa!r & "m1 read ov] ! circul>s giv+ in=mation ab\t ! s*ool1 & !n delib]ately decid$ t ?is in/itution 0 ! "o ^: c\rse ( /udy y wi%$ to complete4 ,i take x = grant$ t y h come "h ) t end 9 view1 & ,i want to say to y n[1 t y w injure y\rselves1 y\r p>5ts1 & ! in/itution--& y w hurt y\r own reputation--unless1 aft] hav+ come "h ) ! det]m9ation to succe$1 y rema9 "h = t purpose1 & rema9 = ! full "t1 until y receive y\r diploma4 ,i hope e individual "h1 e "y man & woman at ! s*ool1 is "h ) ! det]m9ation t he or %e w n give up ! /ruggle until ! object aim$ at has be5 atta9$4 ,y are at a /age n[1 :51 if y beg9 jump+ ab\t "h & !re1 if y beg9 9 ?is c\rse ( /udy & !n g to t c\rse ( /udy1 y w v likely be jump+ ab\t f "o ?+ to ano!r all y\r life4 ,y mu/ make up y\r m9ds1 aft] com+ "h1 to d well :atev] y und]take4 ,?is is a good rule n only to beg9 y\r s*ool life )1 b also to beg9 y\r lat] life )4 ,p]haps ,i 0 nev] m int]e/$ ?an ,i 0 la/ ev5+ 9 ,montgom]y1 :ile /&+ on "o ( ! /reets !re = an h\r4 ,i seldom /& on any /reet = an h\r1 b la/ night ,i did /& on t /reet = an h\r1 9 front ( a l>ge1 beautiful /ore t is own$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,adams1 & wat*$ ! notice tak5 ( ! display ( mill9]y made 9 8 /ore w9d[s by two girls t f9i%$ _! academic & indu/rial c\rses at ?is s*ool--,miss ,jemmie ,pi]ce & ,miss ,lydia ,rob9son4 ,! fir/ ,monday 9 ,octob] is always ! day 9 ,montgom]y = :at !y call ! mill9]y op5+s2 on t day ! /ores :i* h&le su* goods all make a great display ( ladies' hats & bonnets4 ,x 0 surpris+ & int]e/+ to note h[ ^! two girls _h ent]$ a great city l ,montgom]y & _h tak5 entire *>ge ( ! mill9]y dep>tm5t 9 a l>ge /ore4 ,hundr$s ( p /opp$ to comm5t fav\rably ^u ! ta/e t 0 display$ 9 ! decoration ( ^? w9d[s4 ,n[1 all ?is "w 0 done by two ,tuskegee graduates4 ,& ! complim5t>y rem>ks t 7 made came n only f col\r$ p b f :ite p z well4 ,no "o c\ld tell f ! w9d[s ( t /ore :e!r x 0 a col\r$ or a :ite e/abli%m5t4 ,_m ( ! :ite ladies :o 7 /&+ !re did n "k t !y 7 /&+ 9 front ( a /ore t 0 own$ by a black man4 ,x _h none ( ! usual e>m>ks ab\t x4 ,usually :5 y g into col\r$ e/abli%m5ts y see grease on ! doors or on ! c\nt]s2 or y see ?is sign or t sign t ?is is a col\r$ man's e/abli%m5t4 ,^? ( y "h :o are go+ to g into bus9ess aft] y leave s*ool d n want to h any su* e>m>ks ab\t y\r e/abli%m5ts4 ,su* a /ore z t ( ,mr4 ,adams is ! k9d ( a /ore to h4 ,n[1 ^! two "y wom5 h made a reputation = !mselves4 ,!y w5t into ! mill9]y division :ile !y 7 "h1 & !y rema9$ until !y graduat$4 ,"o ( !m1 ,i believe _h n f9i%$ 9 ! mill9]y dep>tm5t :5 %e receiv$ h] academic diploma1 & s %e came back la/ ye> & took a po/graduate c\rse 9 mill9]y4 ,x is int]e/+ & enc\rag+ to see ^! two "y wom5 succe$+ 9 _! "w1 & x all comes f _! det]m9ation to succe$1 & because !y _h s5se en\gh to f9i% :at !y _h und]tak54 ,t is ! lesson t y all want to le>n4 ,if y d n le>n x n[1 9 a l>ge degree y w be failures 9 life4 ,y want to be l ^! "y wom54 ,y want to fight x out4 ,n[ if y mean to get y\r diploma1 y are go+ to h a h>d "t4 ,"s ( y are go+ to be )\t %oes1 )\t a hat1 )\t prop] clo?+ ( any k9d4 ,y w get disc\rag$ because y h n z nice a dress or z nice a hat z ?is p]son or t p]son4 ,i w\ld n give a snap ( my f+] = a p]son :o w\ld give up = t4 ,! ?+ = y to d is to fight x out4 ,get some?+ 9 y\r head1 & don't worry ab\t :at y c get to put on x4 ,! clo!s w come aft]w>d4 ,y are go+ to be greatly disc\rag$ sometimes1 b if y w he$ ! lesson ( fight+ out :at y h und]tak51 t same disposition w foll[ y all ?r\gh life1 & y w get a reputation1 because p w say ( y t !re is a p]son :o /icks to :atev] he or %e und]takes4 ,"o ( ! sadde/ ?+s 9 life is to see an individual :o has gr[n to old age1 ) no pr(ession1 ) no call+ :atev] f :i* he is sure ( gett+ an indep5d5t liv+4 ,x is sad to see su* individuals )\t money1 )\t homes1 9 _! old age1 simply because !y did n le>n ! lesson ( sav+ money & gett+ = !mselves a beautiful home :5 !y ought to h done ?is4 ,& s1 all ?r\gh life1 we c po9t to _m p :o h n le>n$ ?is lesson--t = :atev] !y und]take !y mu/ pay ! price :i* ! _w asks ( !m if !y w\ld succe$4 ,if we are go+ to succe$ we mu/ pay ! price = :at we get2 & he :o accompli%es ! mo/1 accompli%es x 9 an humble & /raight=w>d way1 by /ick+ to :at he has und]tak54 ,he :o does ?is f9ds 9 ! end t he has a*iev$ a trem5d\s success4 ,,:at ,,y ,,ought ,,to ,,d ,x is comp>atively easy to p]=m almo/ any k9d ( "w1 b ! value ( any "w is 9 hav+ x p]=m$ s t ! desir$ results may be mo/ spe$ily rea*$1 & 9 hav+ ! means ) :i* ! work] lab\rs arrang$ s z to meet c]ta9 ends4 ,x is ! con/ant problem ( ^? organs :i* h *>ge ( ! well-be+ ( ! body1 to cause dige/ion to take place1 s t :at is n\ri%+ 9 ! food may rea* e "p ( ! body1 n only ! portions ne> ! organs 9 :i* dige/ion takes place1 b also ! mo/ extreme p>ts ( ! diff]5t memb]s4 ,j s x is ! aim ( all p]sons :o are accu/om$ to mak+ public addresses to try to make ^? :o are f> away f !m he> !m z well z ^? :o sit ne>4 ,9 ?is same way1 x seems to me m & m e ye>1 x is go+ to be ! ma9 object ( all our s*ools 9 ! ,s\? to make _! influ5ce felt mo/ =cibly among ^? :o are remote f !m4 ,h[ c we rea* ! masses :o are remote--,i mean remote f educational advantages & f opportunities = enc\ragem5t & enlight5m5t8 ,! problem 9 ! rural di/ricts is difficult because ( ! va/ness ( ! numb] to be rea*$1 & ( ! frequ5t difficulty ( rea*+ !m4 ,we mu/ keep ?is fact be=e u1 !n2 t in/itutions ( ?is k9d are ( little value unless !y c pave ! way to make ! results ( _! "w felt among ! masses ( ! p :o are especially remote f ^! in/itutions4 ,x is a fact1 z mo/ ( y "k1 t we v seldom meet ) a ?or\ghly well-educat$ tea*] 9 ! rural di/ricts1 9 spite ( ! pass+ ( ov] ?irty ye>s s9ce we became m5 & wom54 ,y "k1 too1 t ! same ?+ is1 9 too l>ge a measure1 true ( ! m9i/ry4 ,! responsibility = rea*+ ^! p1 = affect+ !m = good1 re/s ^u ! "y m5 & "y wom5 :o are be+ educat$ 9 ^! ,s\!rn in/itutions to-day4 ,:at are y go+ to d z y\r "p t[>ds rea*+ ^! p1 t[>ds c>ry+ to !m ! light :i* !y ne$ s mu* & s e>ne/ly long =8 ,difficult z ?is problem is1 x is n a disc\rag+ "o1 because ^! p are ready to foll[ ! light z soon z !y are sure t ! "r k9d ( light is set up be=e !m4 ,y v seldom meet ) a col\r$ man :o is n consci\s ( 8 ignorance1 & :o is n anxi\s to get up z soon z he f9ds himself d[n4 ,9 ?is respect ! problem is enc\rag+4 ,"o ( ! ways 9 :i* ! problem is s]i\s is ) respect to lab\r4 ,9 almo/ e city & t[n 9 ! ,s\? a l>ge proportion ( ! col\r$ p are %iftless s f> z manual lab\r is conc]n$1 al?\gh ,i ?9k !re is already improvem5t4 ,! masses ( our p are giv5 to ?rift & indu/ry1 & to unremitt+ toil1 9 _! way4 ,! h>d ?+ ab\t x1 ! disc\rag+ ?+1 is t !y d n "k h[ to realize on ! results ( _! toil2 because !y h no education & little idea ( indu/rial developm5t1 !y d n "k h[ to make _! "w tell = :at x ought to4 ,z a g5]al ?+ ! p--^? 9 ! c\ntry especially--d n ask anybody to come & give !m food1 clo?+ & h\ses2 all !y ask is = "s p]son1 "s hone/1 upright man or woman :o is int]e/$ 9 _! welf>e1 to come among !m & %[ !m h[ to direct _! ef=ts & _! en]gy1 %[ !m h[ be/ to realize on ! results ( _! "w1 s t !y c supply _! own moral1 religi\s & mat]ial ne$s & educate _! *ildr54 ,& y w f9d t :]ev] ?is in/itution1 ,hampton1 ,talladega1 ,fisk1 ,atlanta or any o!r1 c put 9 ! mid/ ( ! p "y m5 & "y wom5 :o w settle d[n among !m & make _! lives object lessons = ! p--plant a good s*ool & conv9ce ! p t ! tea*] has settl$ d[n !re to /ay ?r\gh enc\rag+ or disc\rag+ circum/ances--y w f9d t su* a tea*] w n only be enc\rag$1 b w be support$ mat]ially4 ,9 e way !re w be an opportunity = t p]son to revolutionize ! community4 ,t opportunity is op5 to y4 ,x is an opportunity :i* is be+ op5$ to no o!r set ( "y m5 & "y wom5 :o are be+ educat$ any:]e else 9 ! _w4 ,are y go+ to appreciate ! beauty & gr&eur ( ?is opportunity8 ,i 0 talk+ ) a g5tleman la/ night :o has rec5tly sp5t "s "t 9 "o ( ! ,s\!rn /ates1 & he told me t 9 h>dly any c\ntry di/rict 9 t /ate 0 !re a public s*ool :i* is kept op5 long] ?an f\r mon?s4 ,he tells me t ! av]age sal>y 9 "s ( ^? di/ricts is little m ?an fifte5 doll>s a mon?4 ,9 ano!r /ate ! condition ( ! p is ab\t ! same4 ,9 our own /ate p]haps ! conditions are worse ev5 ?an 9 ! /ates ref]r$ to4 ,9 "s c\nties 9 ,alabama ! p are ?is ye> receiv+ no money to run _! s*ools m ?an ?ree & a half mon?s 9 ! ye>1 except1 ( c\rse1 9 ! cities & t[ns4 ,9 "s c\nties ! tea*]s are be+ paid only twelve to tw5ty doll>s1 & !re are possibly "s :]e ! tea*]s get n m ?an t5 doll>s f ! /ate fund4 ,i 0 talk+ ) a g5tleman f ano!r /ate n long ago ab\t ! mat]ial condition ( ! p 9 t /ate1 & he told me t s f> z _! indu/rial life is conc]n$1 ! masses are 9 a v bad condition ?is ye>2 t !y are too (t5 at ! m]cy ( ! l&[n]s--,i ref] to ! p]sons :o run ! l>ge plantations--& t ! same ?+ is l>gely true ( all ( ! cotton-rais+ /ates4 ,i ne$ n g on to describe to y ! moral results t mu/ inevitably foll[ su* a condition ( ?+s4 ,i ne$ n take y\r "t to tell y t !re c be little morality or religion among p :o are s ignorant z ^! p1 & :o d n "k :]e !y are go+ to get any?+ to eat4 ,x is ne$less to describe ! tra9 ( moral evils t mu/ foll[ su* conditions z ^!4 ,:at ,i h attempt$ to describe to y z exi/+ to-day 9 ^! c\ntry di/ricts may n be v enc\rag+1 b x seems to me t e "y man & "y woman :o has enjoy$ ! privileges af=d$ by ?is & by o!r in/itutions 9 ! ,s\?--,i speak especially n[ to ! memb]s ( ! next graduat+ class--%\ld feel t su* conditions z ^! pres5t "o ( ! mo/ invit+ fields possible = lab\r4 ,e "y man & woman "h is be+ educat$ by money t is giv5 by o!rs4 ,none ( y are pay+ = ! education y are receiv+4 ,y might pay = y\r bo>d1 b y w\ld h to d t else:]e4 ,e "o mu/ pay = 8 or h] own clo?+1 b ! co/ ( build+s1 r5t1 tuition1 exp5ses & o!r matt]s p]ta9+ to ! in/itution y d n pay4 ,y\r education1 9 a l>ge measure1 is a gift f ! public1 & x seems to me t "o ( ! fir/ ?+s y %\ld d is to repay1 to z l>ge an ext5t z is possible ) y\r s]vices1 :at has be5 sp5t 9 giv+ y s l>ge a "p ( y\r education4 ,?is is a debt t y owe n only to y\rselves1 b to our race & our c\ntry4 ,x is a religi\s debt z well1 t y be will+ to g out into ^! c\ntry di/ricts & suff]1 z x 71 = a few ye>s1 until y c get a foo?old1 s t y c plant y\rselves 9 "o ( ^! d>k communities4 ,i feel sure t y w\ld n h to suff] v long4 ,i believe t ! h>de/ "p ( ! /ruggle w\ld come dur+ ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s4 ,:5 y c conv9ce ! p t y are 9 e>ne/1 ! battle is won4 ,:5 y c conv9ce !m t x is *eap] to keep an educat$ tea*] ?an to keep "o :o is ignorant1 & :5 y c once demon/rate y\r value to !m n only 9 an educational respect b indu/rially & morally1 ! battle is won1 & ^! p w /& by y & support y4 ,9 _m cases1 x is my belief1 y w ev5tually f9d y\rselves bett] support$ f9ancially ?an y w\ld if y _h gone to "w 9 cities & l>ge t[ns4 ,no matt] f :i* side y look at ?is problem1 good is b\nd to come f x4 ,& :ile we are talk+ ab\t ! rew>d t w come z a result ( y\r s]vices1 let me tell y t no great] satisfaction c come to any "o ?an t :i* y w get f ! wor%ip & praise :i* w come to y f ^! old mo!rs & fa!rs :o w be b5efit$ by y\r s]vices4 ,i "k ( in/ances :]e tea*]s h gone & plant$ !mselves 9 ^! c\ntry di/ricts :o1 ev5 if !y d n make su* a v great success f9ancially1 receive ! love & mo/ s9c]e wor%ip f ye> to ye>1 because ( ! feel+ ( gratitude :i* ! p among :om !y h settl$ h = !m on acc\nt ( _! hav+ help$ !m 9 s _m ways4 ,?is same k9d ( pione] "w _h to be done all ov] ! _w be=e ! "r k9d ( civilization 0 plant$4 ,x 0 su* "w z ?is t ! p did :o settl$ ! great ,we/1 :]e !y 7 depriv$ ( ! com=ts ( life4 ,! p :o plant$ ,ob]l9 ,college 9 :at 0 !n a wild]ness _h to suff] _m su* h>d%ips4 ,! m5 :o w5t to ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & ,cali=nia & e/abli%$ :at are n[ l>ge cities !re1 _h to suff] _m su* h>d%ips2 !y _h to suff] j :at y mu/ & %\ld suff]4 ,are y go+ to suff] = y\r own p until !y c receive ! light :i* !y s mu* ne$8 ,if ! "y m5 & wom5 be=e me h ! "r k9d ( /uff 9 !m !y w d ?is4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly d ,i hope t y are go+ to c>ry out into ^! d>k communities ! light :i* y receive "h f day to day4 ,i hope y w fill ^! di/ricts ) m5 & wom5 ( education4 ,:5 y g out f "h ) y\r diploma1 :e!r x be next ,may or at "s o!r "t1 resolve to plant y\rself 9 "o community & /ay !re4 ,no matt] :at y\r "w is1 y _c accompli% mu* if y become ! w&]+ ,jew4 ,f9d ! community :]e y ?9k y c use y\r life to ! be/ advantage1 & !n /ay !re4 ,9 ! "t t has elaps$ s9ce ?is talk 0 giv51 ,i ?9k !re has be5 improvem5t 9 _m ( ! c\ntry s*ools 9 ! ,s\?1 & 9 ! g5]al condition ( ! p z describ$ to me !n4--,b4 ,t4 ,w4 ,,individual ,,responsibility ,i h ref]r$ 9 a g5]al way1 be=e ?is1 :5 ,i h be5 speak+ to y1 to ! fact t ea* "o ( y ought to feel an int]e/ 9 :atev] task is set y to d "h ov] & above ! m]e be>+ :i* t task has on y\r own life4 ,i wi% to speak m specifically to-night on ?is subject--on :at ,i may t]m ! importance ( y\r feel+ a s5se ( p]sonal responsibility n only = ! successful p]=mance ( e task set y1 b = ! successful outcome ( e wor?y und]tak+ ) :i* y come 9 contact4 ,y ought to realize t y\r actions w n affect y\rselves alone4 ,9 ?is age x is almo/ impossible = a man to live = himself alone4 ,on e side our lives t\* ^? ( o!rs2 _! lives t\* ours4 ,ev5 if x 7 possible to live o!rwise1 few w\ld wi% to4 ,a n>r[ life1 a selfi% life1 is almo/ sure to be n only unpr(itable b unhappy4 ,! happy p & ! successful p are ^? :o g out ( _! way to rea* & influ5ce = good z _m p]sons z !y c4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ?\gh1 9 ord] be/ to fit "o's self to live ?is k9d ( life1 x is important t c]ta9 habits be acquir$2 & an ess5tial "o ( ^! is ! habit ( realiz+ "o's responsibility to o!rs4 ,y\r actions w affect o!r p 9 "o way or ano!r1 & y w be responsible = ! result4 ,y ought always to rememb] ?is1 & gov]n y\rselves accord+ly4 ,suppose x is ! matt] ( ! recitation ( a lesson1 = in/ance4 ,"s "o may say3 ,x is nobody's bus9ess b my own if ,i fail 9 a recitation4 ,nobody w suff] b me4 ,?is is n s4 ,indirectly y injure y\r tea*] also1 = :ile a consci5ti\s1 h>d-work+ tea*] ought n to be blam$ = ! failures ( pupils :o d n le>n simply because !y d n want to1 or are too lazy to try1 x is g5]ally ! case t a tea*]'s reputation ga9s or loses z 8 or h] class av]ages high or l[4 ,& ea* failure 9 recitation1 = :atev] cause1 br+s d[n ! av]age4 ,!n1 too1 y are hav+ an influ5ce ^u y\r classmates1 ev5 if x be unconsci\s4 ,!re is h>dly ev] a /ud5t :o is n obs]v$ by "s "o at "s "t z an example4 ,!re is su* a boy1 "s o!r /ud5t says to himself4 ,he has fail$ 9 class ev] s _m times1 & /ill he gets along4 ,x c't make mu* diff]5ce if ,i fail once4 ,& z a result he neglects 8 duty1 & does fail4 ,! same ?+ is true ( "w 9 ! indu/rial dep>tm5ts4 ,too _m /ud5ts try to see h[ easily !y c get ?r\gh ! day1 or ! "w p]iod1 & yet n get into tr\ble4 ,or ev5 if !y take m int]e/ ?an ?is1 !y c>e = _! "w only = ! sake ( :at !y c get out ( x = !mselves1 ei!r z pay1 or z in/ruction :i* w enable !m to "w = pay at "s lat] "t4 ,n[ !re ought to be a high] impulse beh9d y\r ef=ts ?an t4 ,ea* /ud5t ought to feel t he or %e has a p]sonal responsibility to d ea* task 9 ! v be/ mann] possible4 ,y owe ?is n only to y\r fell[-/ud5ts1 y\r tea*]s1 ! s*ool1 & ! p :o support ! in/itution1 b y owe x ev5 m to y\rselves4 ,y owe x to y\rselves because x is "r & hone/1 because no?+ less ?an ?is is "r & hone/1 & because y nev] c be really successful & really happy until y d /udy & "w & live 9 ?is way4 ,i h be5 l$ to speak specifically on ?is subject to-night on acc\nt ( two occurr5ces "h :i* h come to my notice4 ,"o ( ^! illu/rates ! failure on ! "p ( /ud5ts to feel ?is s5se ( responsibility to :i* ,i h ref]r$4 ,! o!r af=ds an illu/ration ( ! possession by a /ud5t ( a feel+ ( p]sonal int]e/ & p]sonal responsibility :i* has be5 v gratify+ & enc\rag+4 ,! fir/ incid5t1 ,i may say1 occurr$ "s mon?s ago4 ,x is possible t ! /ud5ts :o 7 conc]n$ 9 x may n be "h n[ or1 if !y are1 t x w\ld n happ5 aga94 ,i c]ta9ly hope n4 ,a g5tleman :o _h be5 visit+ "h 0 to g away4 ,he left ^w at ! (fice ( 8 wi%1 say+ t he plann$ to leave t[n on ! five o'clock tra9 9 ! aft]noon4 ,a boy 0 s5t f ! (fice e>ly 9 ! aft]noon ) a note to ! b>n ord]+ a c>riage to take ?is g5tleman & 8 luggage to ! /ation4 ,half-pa/ f\r came1 & ! man _h 8 luggage br\ght d[n to ! door ( ! build+ 9 :i* he _h be5 /ay+1 s z to be ready :5 ! team came4 ,b no team came4 ,! visitor f9ally became s anxi\s t he walk$ ov] to ! b>n himself4 ,j z he rea*$ ! b>n he met ! man :o 0 9 *>ge !re1 ) ! note 9 8 h&4 ,! note _h only j t mom5t rea*$ ?is man1 & ( c\rse no c>riage _h be5 s5t because ! fir/ p]son :o felt t he _h any responsibility 9 ! matt] _h only j le>n$ t a c>riage 0 want$4 ,! boy :o _h br\ght ! note _h giv5 x to ano!r boy1 & he to someone else1 & he1 p]haps1 to someone else4 ,at any rate x _h be5 delay$ because no "o _h tak5 en\gh int]e/ 9 ! err& to see t :atev] bus9ess ! note ref]r$ to receiv$ prop] att5tion4 ,?is occurr$1 z ,i h said1 sev]al mon?s ago1 be=e ! local tra9 "h w5t ov] to ,*ehaw to meet all ( ! tra9s4 ,x happ5$ t ?is p>ticul> pass5g] 0 go+ nor?1 & x 0 possible by driv+ to ,*ehaw = him to get !re 9 "t to take ! nor?-b\nd tra94 ,if he _h be5 go+ ! o!r way1 ?\gh1 t[>ds ,montgom]y1 he w\ld h lo/ ! tra9 entirely1 &1 z *anc$ to be ! case1 w\ld h be5 unable to keep a v important engagem5t4 ,z x 01 he 0 oblig$ to ride to ,*ehaw 9 a c>riage1 & ! "t ( a man & team1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 sav$1 0 requir$ to take him !re4 ,n[ :5 su* a ?+ z ?is happ5s1 no am\nt ( say+1 ,i am sorry1 by ! p]son or p]sons to blame1 w help ! matt] any4 ,x is too late to help x !n4 ,! ?+ to d is to feel "s responsibility 9 see+ t ?+s are done "r y\rself4 ,take en\gh int]e/ 9 :atev] y are engag$ 9 to see t x is go+ to come out 9 ! end j z ne>ly "r1 j z ne>ly p]fect1 z any?+ y c d w g t[>ds mak+ x "r or p]fect4 ,& if ! task or err& passes out ( y\r h&s be=e x is complet$1 d n feel t y\r responsibility 9 ! matt] ends until y h impress$ x ^u ! m9ds & he>t ( ! p]son to :om y turn ov] ! fur!r p]=mance ( ! duty4 ,! _w is look+ = m5 & wom5 :o c tell "o :y !y c d ?is ?+ or t ?+1 h[ a c]ta9 difficulty 0 surm\nt$ or a c]ta9 ob/acle remov$4 ,b ! _w has little pati5ce ) ! man or woman :o takes no real int]e/ 9 ! p]=mance ( a duty1 or :o runs aga9/ a snag & gets disc\rag$1 & !n simply tells :y he did n d a ?+1 & gives excuses in/ead ( results4 ,opportunities nev] come a second "t1 nor d !y wait = our leisure4 ,! ye>s come to u b once1 & !y come !n only to pass swiftly on1 be>+ ! ineffaceable record we h put ^u !m4 ,if we wi% to make !m beautiful ye>s or pr(itable ye>s1 we mu/ d x mom5t by mom5t z !y glide be=e u4 ,! o!r case to :i* ,i h ref]r$ is pleasant] to speak ab\t4 ,"o day ?is spr+1 aft] x _h got late en\gh 9 ! season s t x 0 n z a g5]al ?+ necess>y to h fires to heat our build+s1 a /ud5t pass+ ,phelps ,hall notic$ t !re 0 a volume ( black smoke p\r+ out ( "o ( ! *imneys !re4 ,"s boys might n h notic$ ! smoke at all2 o!rs w\ld h said t x came f ! *imney2 /ill o!rs w\ld h said t x 0 none ( _! bus9ess anyway1 & w\ld h gone along4 ,?is boy 0 diff]5t4 ,he notic$ ! smoke1 & al?\gh he saw1 or ?\ght he saw t x came f ! *imney1 & if s 0 probably no sign ( h>m1 he felt t any smoke at all !re at t "t 0 su* an unusual ?+ t x ought to be inve/igat$ = fe> x might mean dang] to ! build+4 ,he 0 n satisfi$ until he _h gone into ! build+ & _h inspect$ e floor cle> up to ! attic1 to see t ! *imney & ! build+ 7 n 9 dang]4 ,z x happ5$1 ! janitor _h built a fire 9 ! furnace 9 ! basem5t = "s reason1 s t ! "y man's anxiety =tunately 0 unf\nd$1 b ,i am he>tily glad he _h su* an anxiety1 & t he c\ld n re/ until he f\nd out :e!r !re 0 any f\ndation = x or n4 ,i %all feel t all ( our build+s are saf] = 8 be+ "h1 & :5 he graduates & goes away ,i hope he w leave _m o!rs "h :o w h ! same s5se ( p]sonal responsibility :i* he _h4 ,let me tell y1 "h & n[1 t unless y "y m5 & "y wom5 come to h ?is *>act]i/ic1 y\r lives are go+ to fall f> %ort ( ! be/ & noble/ a*ievem5t possible4 ,we frequ5tly he> ! ^w lucky us$ ) ref]5ce to a man's life4 ,two boys />t out 9 ! _w at ! same "t1 hav+ ! same am\nt ( education4 ,:5 tw5ty ye>s h pass$1 we f9d "o ( !m weal?y & indep5d5t2 we f9d him a successful pr(essional man ) an assur$ reputation1 or p]haps at ! head ( a l>ge comm]cial e/abli%m5t employ+ _m m51 or p]haps a f>m] own+ & cultivat+ hundr$s ( acres ( l&4 ,we f9d ! second boy1 gr[n n[ to be a man1 work+ = p]haps a doll> or a doll> & a half a day1 & liv+ f h& to m\? 9 a r5t$ h\se4 ,:5 we rememb] t ! boys />t$ out 9 life equal-h&$1 we may be tempt$ to rem>k t ! fir/ boy has be5 =tunate1 t =tune has smil$ on him2 & t ! second has be5 un=tunate4 ,!re is no su* nons5se z t4 ,:5 ! fir/ boy saw a ?+ t he knew he ought to d1 he did x2 & he kept ris+ f "o position to ano!r until he became indep5d5t4 ,! second boy 0 an eye-s]vant :o 0 afraid t he w\ld d m ?an he 0 paid to d--he 0 afraid t he w\ld give fifty c5ts' wor? ( lab\r = tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,he wat*$ ! clock1 = fe> t he w\ld "w "o m9ute pa/ twelve o'clock at noon & pa/ six o'clock at night4 ,he did n feel t he _h any responsibility to look out = 8 employ]'s int]e/s4 ,! fir/ boy did a doll>'s wor? ( "w = fifty c5ts4 ,he 0 always ready to be at ! /ore be=e "t2 & !n1 :5 ! bell rang to /op "w1 he w\ld g to 8 employ] & ask him if !re 0 n some?+ m t ought to be done t night be=e he w5t home4 ,x 0 ?is quality 9 ! fir/ boy t made him valuable & caus$ him to rise4 ,:y %\ld we call him =tunate or lucky8 ,i ?9k x w\ld be mu* m suitable to say ( him3 ,he is responsible4 ,,gett+ ,,on ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,x is natural & praisewor?y = a p]son to be look+ = a high] & bett] position ?an ! "o he occupies4 ,s long z a man does 8 :ole duty 9 :at he is engag$ 91 he is n to be condemn$ = look+ = some?+ bett] to d4 ,n[ ! "q arises3--,h[ are y go+ to put y\rself 9 a condition to be 9 dem& = ^! high] & m important positions8 ,9 ! fir/ place y %\ld be cont9ually on ! look\t = opportunities to improve y\rselves 9 y\r pres5t "w4 ,y %\ld be con/antly on ! look\t = *ances to make y\rselves m valuable to y\r pres5t employ]1 & m effici5t 9 y\r "w = him4 ,suppose y are engag$ 9 ! "w ( milk+ c[s--,i ?9k x bett] to talk ( practical ?+s ) :i* y all are acqua9t$1 al?\gh ,i "k t _m ( y boys _h r ,i w\ld tell y h[ to g to ,congress ?an h[ to become successful milk]s4 ,inasmu*1 ?\gh1 z ,i suspect a good _m m ( u w h to milk c[s ?an c g to ,congress1 ,i ?9k x w n hurt u to talk ab\t milk+4 ,if ! boy :o milks c[s n[ does t ?or\ghly1 by do+ x he may lay ! f\ndation to g to ,congress lat]4 ,! po9t is1 t we want to be con/antly on ! look\t = ways ( improv+ :atev] "w we are engag$ 91 :e!r t "w be milk+ c[s or do+ some?+ else4 ,9 :atev] y are do+1 !re are a great _m improvem5ts :i* y want to become acqua9t$ )4 ,if y\r "w is dairy+1 read ! dairy j\rnals4 ,get hold ( e book or pap] t y c :i* has any?+ to d ) y\r l9e ( "w4 ,be sure t y "k all--or z ne>ly z possible all--!re is to be kn[n ab\t milk+ c[s4 ,& !n don't be cont5t ) :at y get out ( books & newspap]s1 = t in=mation is only ! result ( "s o!r p]son's exp]i5ce4 ,by conv]s+ ) intellig5t & exp]i5c$ p]sons1 & by y\r own exp]im5ts1 y c get mu* valuable in=mation ab\t y\r "w4 ,nev] get to ! po9t :]e y are a%am$ to ask somebody else = in=mation4 ,! ignorant man w always be ignorant1 if he fe>s t by ask+ = in=mation he w betray 8 lack ( k4 ,"k all !re is to be kn[n ab\t ! position y occupy1 b ev] feel t !re is m = y to le>n4 ,!re is no p]son :o makes himself ( s little use 9 ! _w z ! "o :o feels t he kn[s all !re is to be kn[n ab\t 8 "w4 ,if y are milk+ c[s1 & feel t y "k all !re is to be kn[n ab\t t subject1 y h simply rea*$ a po9t :]e y are practically useless & unfitt$ = ! "w4 ,feel t y c always le>n some?+ f somebody else4 ,x is a m>k ( intellig5ce to le>n1 ev5 f ! humble/ p]son4 ,i d n mean = y always to put into practice e sugge/ion t is made to y1 or to agree ) e /atem5t made to y2 b li/5 to :at p say1 weigh _! plans alongside ( y\r own1 & !n pr(it by ! "o :i* y are conv9c$ is ! be/4 ,p]sev]e 9 su* conv]sation1 & 9 read+4 ,y w con/antly be surpris$ to f9d h[ little y really "k ab\t y\r "w1 & h[ mu* m somebody else kn[s ab\t x ?an y d4 ,y want to get to ! po9t :]e y c anticipate ! wants ( y\r employ]4 ,9 ?is way y w make y\rself ( great s]vice to him4 ,y d n "k h[ vex+ & disc\rag+ x is to a man to be compell$ to say e morn+ to ^? 9 8 employ3 ,d ?is at n9e o'clock1 & t at twelve o'clock1 & ! o!r at five2 or h[ pleasant x is to h a p]son ) :om y come 9 contact anticipate ! ne$s ( ! man :o employs him4 ,!n y c make y\rself valuable & 9 dem& j 9 proportion z y consid] t ! "w y are p]=m+ is y\r own4 ,d n consid] t x is be+ p]=m$ = a c]ta9 man or a p>ticul> organization4 ,make ha/e & get to ! po9t :]e y c feel t ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! %op 9 :i* y "w1 or 9 ! (fice1 or 9 ! /able1 is "u y\r c>e1 & t y alone are responsible = x4 ,if y are at ! head ( a /able or b>n1 plan day by day h[ y c be/ provide = ! well-be+ ( y\r c[s & horses4 ,:5 y make y\rself ma/] ( ^! humble positions1 y w f9d t ! calls to high] places w come to y4 ,! m5 y see sp5d+ mo/ ( _! "t look+ = high] & m lucrative positions are1 n9e times out ( t51 m5 :o h made wor?less failures 9 o!r places4 ,,ea* ,,"o ,,8 ,,"p ,i desire to call y\r att5tion = a few m9utes to-night to ! fact t "o ?+ is dep5d5t = success ^u ano!r1 "o individual is dep5d5t = success ^u ano!r1 "o family 9 a community ^u o!r families = _! mutual prosp]ity1 "o "p ( a ,/ate ^u ! o!r p>ts = ! successful gov]nm5t ( ! ,/ate4 ,! same ?+ is true 9 nature4 ,"o ?+ _c exi/ unless ano!r exi/s2 _c succe$ )\t ! success ( some?+ else4 ,! v =ces ( nature are dep5d5t ^u o!r =ces = _! exi/5ce4 ,)\t vegetable life we c\ld n h animal life2 )\t m9]al life we c\ld n h vegetable life4 ,s1 ?r\gh\t all k9ds ( life1 z ?r\gh\t ! life ( nature1 ev]y?+ is dep5d5t ^u some?+ else = its success4 ,! same ?+ is true ( ?is in/itution & ( e in/itution4 ,! success ( ! :ole dep5ds ^u hav+ e p]son connect$ ) ! in/itution d 8 or h] :ole duty4 ,we are v apt to get ! idea t !re are high positions & t !re are l[ positions1 t !re is important s]vice & unimportant s]vice2 b ,i believe t ,god expects ! same am\nt ( consci5ti\s "w f a p]son 9 a l[ position z f "o 9 a high position1 t ,he expects ! same consci5ti\s s]vice :e!r ! "w be a big task or a little "o4 ,we are dep5d5t z an in/itution--e in/itution is dep5d5t--= success1 ^u ! individual consci5ces ( ^? connect$ ) x z tea*]s & /ud5ts2 & !re is no?+ t gives me m satisfaction & pleasure1 & m fai? 9 ! future ( ! s*ool1 ?an to see examples ( consci5ti\s "w "h4 ,i rememb] a special in/ance ( ?is k9d t occurr$ at "o ( our ,comm5cem5ts4 ,i believe t ,comm5cem5t1 m ?an any o!r "t 9 ! s*ool ye>1 is an occasion :5 !re is excitem5t & a desire to witness ! ex]cises4 ,aft] ! ex]cises ( t ye> 7 ov]1 ,i _h occasion to g to ! d9+ room1 & ,i f\nd !re "o ( ! tea*]s :o f h] appe>ance ,i ?\ght _h n att5d$ ! ex]cises4 ,:5 ,i ask$ h] ab\t ?is1 %e said3 ,no4 ,i int5d$ to g1 b at ! la/ m9ute ,i saw t !re 7 "s di%es "h t ne$$ to be wa%$1 & ,i /ay$ "h to see t !y 7 wa%$4 ,n[ t 0 "o ( ! f9e/ exhibitions ( consci5ti\s reg>d = duty t ,i ev] saw1 & !re are v few p]sons :o w\ld h done a ?+ l t4 ,t we h tea*]s "h ^: he>ts are s mu* 9 _! "w t !y are will+ to d su* ?+s z ?is gives me great fai? 9 ! future ( ?is s*ool z ! ye>s g on4 ,x takes a p]son ) a consci5ce1 :5 !re are public m5 ( note "h1 a great _m /rang]s & _m ?+s to attract att5tion1 to be s m9dful ( h] duty t %e w /ay beh9d & wa% di%es :5 e "o else is 9 att5dance ^u ! ex]cises & seek+ enjoym5t4 ,:5 ! p connect$ ) ?is in/itution c br+ !mselves up to t po9t1 ,i h no fe> = ! success ( ! in/itution2 & x c succe$ only z !y d br+ _! consci5ces up to t po9t4 ,if ,i 7 to ask y individually z /ud5ts to deliv] an address ^u ?is plat=m1 or to read an essay1 ,i %\ld n be at all afraid t y w\ld fail4 ,i believe t y w\ld c>efully prep>e t address or essay4 ,y w\ld look up all ! ref]5ces necess>y 9 ord] to give y :at in=mation y ne$$1 & !n y w\ld get up "h & speak or read successfully4 ,i feel sure t ,i w\ld he> some?+ t ,i %\ld n be a%am$ (4 ,! av]age man & woman does succe$ :5 be=e ! public4 ,b :]e ,i fe> = y\r success is :5 y come to ! p]=mance ( ! small duties--! duties :i* y ?9k no "o else w "k ab\t1 ! ?+s :i* no "o w see y d4 ,x is :5 y ?9k t no "o is go+ to see y wa%+ di%es1 or gett+ dirt out ( crevices1 t ,i am afraid y are go+ to fail4 ,i rememb] t "s "t ago :5 ,i 0 travell+ 9 a buggy f "o ,new ,engl& village to ano!r1 aft] we _h gone "s miles on our way1 ! "y man :o 0 driv+ me /opp$ ! horse & got out4 ,i ask$ him :at 0 ! matt]1 & he said t some?+ 0 ! matt] ) ! h>ness4 ,i look$ ) all ! eyes ,i _h1 & yet ,i c\ld see no?+ at fault4 ,/ill ! man m5d$ a piece ( h>ness t he said 0 n z x %\ld be4 ,x _h n seem$ to me t ?is fault 9 ! h>ness _h be5 irritat+ ! horse or h9d]+ him f go+ s fa/ z he ought1 b aft] x _h be5 repair$ ,i c\ld see a diff]5ce = ! bett]4 ,t1 to my m9d1 0 a great lesson4 ,x taught me h[ ! p ( ,new ,engl& h educat$ _! consci5ces s t !y _c all[ !mselves to let ev5 ! smalle/ ?+ g undone or be improp]ly done4 ,x is ?is trait 9 ! ,new ,engl& "* t has come to make ! v "n itself ( t "p ( ! c\ntry a synonym = success4 ,don't we wi% t we _h a hundr$ su* m5 z t driv] "h6 ,if ,i c\ld put my h& on a ?\s& su* p]sons z t1 we c\ld f9d employm5t = all ( !m z soon z !y got _! diplomas4 ,"o le>ns to judge p]sons by _! "* 9 ?is respect4 ,n long ago ,i _h an opportunity to g ?r\gh ! jail ( ?is c\nty4 ,z ! %]iff %[$ me ?r\gh ! build+ ,i 0 impress$ to see h[ clean ev]y?+ 01 & ,i notic$ t ! man :o seem$ to be ! janitor ( ! jail1 al?\gh he too 0 a prison]1 seem$ to take a great deal ( pride 9 %[+ me ! cleanness ( ! corn]s & ! g5]al good appe>ance ( ! place4 ,he seem$ to put 8 :ole he>t into ! keep+ ( t jail clean4 ,:o is t man8 ,i ask$ ! %]iff1 aft] we _h got out ( ! janitor's he>+4 ,he is a prison]1 ! %]iff repli$1 b ,i believe he is innoc5t4 ,i d n believe t a man c be s hone/ & fai?ful ab\t 8 "w & be guilty ( a crime4 ,:5 ,i see h[ well he does 8 "w "h1 not)/&+ ! fact t he is %ut up "h 9 prison1 ,i believe t he is an hone/ man & des]ves 8 fre$om4 ,9 pla9 words1 !n1 ! problem we mu/ "w out "h is n3--,c y ma/] algebra1 or lit]ature8 ,we "k y c d t4 ,we "k y c ma/] ! sci5ces4 ,! g5]al problem we h to "w out "h1 & "w x out ) fe> & trembl+1 is3--,c we educate ! individual consci5ce8 ,c we s educate a gr\p ( /ud5ts t !re w be 9 e "o ( !m a consci5ce on :i* we c dep5d4 ,c we educate a class ( girls "h :o w n be satisfi$ :5 sweep+ _! rooms to make ! middle ( ! rooms look clean1 b leave a trail ( dirt 9 ! com]s & "u ! furniture8 ,w !y see to x t ev]y?+ is prop]ly clean$ & put 9 its appropriate place8 ,c we educate a class ( "y m5 :o w d _! duty on ! f>m z !y w\ld d x on ?is plat=m8 ,c we educate y\r consci5ces s t y w d c]ta9 ?+s1 n because x is ! rule t !y %\ld be done1 b because !y %\ld be done8 ,^! are ! problems we mu/ "w out "h4 ,,:at ,,w\ld ,,fa!r ,,& ,,"m ,,say8 ,i ?9k !re is no m important or m critical "t 9 a p]son's life ?an :5 he or %e leaves home = ! fir/ "t1 to ent] s*ool1 or to g to "w1 or to g into bus9ess4 ,i ?9k t z a g5]al ?+ y c judge pretty accurately :at a p]son is go+ to am\nt to 9 life by ! way he or %e acts dur+ ! fir/ ye> or two aft] leav+ home4 ,y w f9d1 usually1 t if a "y man is able dur+ ?is "t to /& up aga9/ temptation1 is able to practise ! lessons t 8 fa!r & "m h taught him1 & in/ead ( fall+ by ! wayside ga9s help & inspiration z he goes along f ^! lessons1 he is almo/ sure to prove himself a valuable citiz51 "o :o n only w be a help to 8 p>5ts 9 _! old age1 b a help to ! community 9 :i* he lives4 ,!re is no bett] way to te/ an act ?an to ask y\rself ! "q3 ,:at w\ld my fa!r or my "m ?9k ( ?is8 ,w\ld !y approve1 or %\ld ,i be a%am$ to let !m "k t ,i h done ?is ?+8 ,if y w ask y\rselves ^! que/ions day by day1 ,i ?9k y w f9d t y w get a great deal ( assi/ance f !m 9 ! %ap+ ( y\r lives :ile y are "h at s*ool4 ,i want y to put t "q to y\rselves ) reg>d to deportm5t1 because t is a ?+ on :i* we mu/ lay emphasis4 ,we c fill y\r heads ) k1 & we c tra9 y\r h&s to "w ) skill1 b unless all ?is tra9+ ( head & h& is bas$ ^u high1 upright "*1 ^u a true he>t1 x w am\nt to no?+4 ,y w be no bett] (f ?an ! mo/ ignorant4 ,n[1 "o ( ! ways 9 :i* "y p are likely to g a/ray1 especially :5 !y fir/ g away f home to s*ool1 is 9 yield+ to a temptation to sp5d _! "t ) p]sons :o h mean & l[ dispositions2 p]sons :om y w\ld be a%am$ to h y\r p>5ts "k t y kept company )4 ,avoid t4 ,be sure t ! "y m5 & wom5 ) :om y associate are p]sons :o are able to raise y up1 p]sons :o w help to make y /rong] 9 e way4 ,i d n ne$ to tell y1 ,i am sure1 ( ! consequ5ces ( association ) p]sons :o w h1 a bad influ5ce ^u y1 or ! results ( a disreg>d ( admonitions = good4 ,a /ud5t :o p]si/5tly keeps bad company1 :o breaks rules1 :o is con/antly disob$i5t1 :o is repeat$ly beh9d at roll call1 :o "t aft] "t has to be call$ up by ! (fic] ( ! day1 or wat*$ 9 ! d9+ room or on ! p>ade gr\nd1 is ! /ud5t :o 9 a few ye>s is go+ to br+ sorr[ to ! he>ts ( 8 p>5ts4 ,!re is no gett+ away f t4 ,only to-day ! "m ( "o ( ! /ud5ts came "h ) a message f ano!r "m ^: son _h be5 s5t "h4 ,%e told me h[ ?is anxi\s "m _h told h] to impress ^u h] son ! necessity ( obey+ e rule "h1 & h[ %e want$ him to put 9 e mom5t 9 h>d /udy & hone/ "w4 ,%e want$ ?is woman to impress ^u ! boy h[ h>d 8 "m 0 /ruggl+ e day s t %e c\ld keep him "h1 & at ! same "t provide = ! y\ng] *ildr5 ( ! family at home4 ,n[1 :5 ?is message 0 deliv]$1 :]e 0 t boy8 ,0 he do+ z 8 "m 0 s e>ne/ly pray+ him to d8 ,no4 ,he _h already disgrac$ himself1 & _h be5 s5t away f ! in/itution4 ,h[ mu* sorr[ w he br+ to 8 poor "m's he>t :5 %e kn[s6 ,no wond] he 0 try+ to conceal 8 misconduct & disgrace f h]4 ,let me entreat y1 !n1 if y are incl9$ to fritt] away ! be/ h\rs ( y\r lives1 ?9k h[ ! news ( y\r misconduct w act ^u ! he>ts ( y\r p>5ts1 ^? fa!rs & mo!rs ^: e ?\ght is ( y4 ,i h spok5 ( ^! z "s ( ! ?+s t we d n want to h y d at s*ool4 ,:at are "s ( ! ?+s t we d want y to le>n to d8 ,we want to h y le>n to see & appreciate ! practical value ( ! religion ( ,*ri/4 ,we hope to help y to see t religion1 t ,*ri/ianity1 is n some?+ t is f> (f1 some?+ 9 ! air1 t x is n some?+ to be enjoy$ only aft] ! brea? has left ! body4 ,we want to h y see t ! religion ( ,*ri/ is a real & helpful ?+2 t x is some?+ :i* y c take ) y into y\r class-rooms1 into y\r %ops1 on to ! f>m1 into y\r v sleep+ rooms1 & t y d n h to wait until to-morr[ be=e y c f9d out ab\t ! p[] & helpfulness ( ,*ri/'s religion4 ,we want to h y feel t ?is religion is a "p ( y\r lives1 & t x is meant to be a help to y f day to day4 ,we hope to h y feel t ! religi\s s]vices t we h y att5d "h are n burd5s1 b t x is a privilege1 greatly to be desir$1 to come to ^! meet+s1 & into ! pray] meet+s ( ! v>i\s societies on ! gr\nds1 & !re commune1 n 9 a f>-(f1 imag9>y way1 b 9 an humble b intimate way1 ) ! _s ( ,jesus4 ,we want y to feel t religion is some?+ to make y happi]1 bright] & m hopeful1 n some?+ to make y g ab\t ) long1 solemn faces4 ,we want y to le>n1 if y d n already "k1 t 9 ord] to be ,*ri/like "o does n h to be unnatural4 ,!n we want to h y to le>n to gov]n y\r actions1 n alone = ! sake ( ! result :i* !y w h ^u y\rself & ^? :o are ne> & de> to y1 b = ! sake ( y\r influ5ce ^u all ) :om y w come 9 contact4 ,y\r life "h w be l>gely wa/$--,i am tempt$ to say :olly wa/$--if y fail to le>n t high]1 broad]1 & f> m important lesson ( y\r relations to y\r fell[-/ud5ts & to all ! p]sons by :om y are go+ to be daily surr\nd$4 ,y\r life w be wa/$ if y g away f "h & h n le>n$ t ! greate/ lesson ( all is ! lesson ( bro!rly love1 ( usefulness & ( *>ity4 ,i want to see "y m5 :o are "h realize ?is _s to su* an ext5t t !y w rise 9 *apel & give _! seats to /ud5ts :o are /rang]s at ! s*ool4 ,i want to h y get to ! po9t :]e y w g to ! matron 9 ! d9+ room & ask h] p]mission to h "s new /ud5t :o has n _h a *ance to get acqua9t$ take 8 meals at a seat beside y4 ,( ! _m noble traits exhibit$ by ! late ,g5]al ,arm/rong1 none made a deep] impression ^u me ?an 8 supreme unselfi%ness4 ,i d n believe t ,i ev] saw 9 all my association ) ,g5]al ,arm/rong any?+ 9 8 life or actions :i* indicat$ 9 ! slighte/ degree t he 0 selfi%4 ,he 0 int]e/$ n only 9 ! black ,s\?1 b 9 ! :ite ,s\?1 n only 9 8 own s*ool1 b 9 all s*ools4 ,any?+ :i* he c\ld d or say to b5efit ano!r in/itution seem$ to give him z mu* pleasure z if he 7 speak+ or act+ directly = ! b5efit ( ,hampton ,in/itute4 ,i _h a pleasant exp]i5ce ( ?is _s ( a desire to be helpful to o!rs a little :ile ago1 :5 ,i 0 visit+ a c]ta9 !ological sem9>y 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,i ?9k ,i 0 nev] 9 su* an atmosph]e z dur+ ! two days ,i sp5t 9 t in/itution4 ,i 0 surr\nd$ by a cr[d ( "y m5 ^: sole object seem$ to be to make me com=table & happy4 ,mo/ ( ^! "y m5 7 f> advanc$ 9 ! /udy ( !ology & ! sci5ces1 & yet !y 7 n above s]v+ me1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( (f]+ to black my boots4 ,:5 ,i came away sev]al wi%$ to c>ry my luggage to ! /ation4 ,?is is ! k9d ( ?\ghtfulness we want to h 9 e corn] ( ?is in/itution4 ,get hold ( ! _s ( want+ to help somebody else4 ,seek e opportunity possible to make somebody happy & com=table4 ,d all ?is1 & y w f9d t ! ye>s w n be _m be=e we w h "o ( ! be/ in/itutions on ! face ( ! globe1 & t y1 9 help+ to make x su*1 h be5 do+ ?+s t1 :5 y ask y\rselves3 ,:at w\ld fa!r & "m say ab\t my do+ ?is8 w enable y to answ] ! "q ) pride & satisfaction4 ,,object ,,lessons ,n long ago an old col\r$ man liv+ 9 ?is ,/ate said to me3 ,i's done quit lib9' 9 de a%es4 ,i's got my second fre$om4 ,t rem>k meant1 9 ?is case1 t t old man by economy1 h>d "w & prop] guidance1 aft] tw5ty ye>s ( /ruggle1 _h fre$ himself f debt1 _h paid = fifty acres ( l&1 _h built a com=table h\se1 & 0 a tax-pay]4 ,x meant t 8 two sons _h be5 educat$ 9 academic & agricultural bran*es1 t 8 daught] _h receiv$ m5tal tra9+ 9 connection ) lessons 9 sew+ & cook+4 ,)9 c]ta9 limitations "h 0 a ,*ri/ian1 ,am]ican home1 ! result ( indu/rial ef=t & philan?ropy4 ,?is ,negro _h be5 giv5 a *ance to get ^u 8 feet4 ,t is all t any ,negro 9 ,am]ica asks4 ,t is all t y 9 ?is s*ool ask4 ,:at position 9 ,/ate1 9 lett]s1 or 9 comm]ce & 9 bus9ess ! (fspr+ ( t man is to occupy mu/ be left to ! future & ! capacity ( ! race4 ,:at position y are to occupy mu/ be left to y\r future & to y\r capacity4 ,dur+ ! days ( slav]y we 7 %ield$ f competition4 ,to-day1 unless we prep>e ourselves to compete ) ! _w1 we mu/ g to ! wall z a race4 ,if ,i 7 to g into c]ta9 communities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & say t ! ,g]man is ignorant1 ,i %\ld be po9t$ to ! be/-pay+ truck-f>m 9 t neighb\rhood1 own$ & op]at$ by a ,g]man4 ,if ,i said t ! ,g]man is )\t skill1 ,i %\ld be %[n ! l>ge/ ma*9e-%op 9 ! city1 own$ & op]at$ by a ,g]man4 ,if ,i said ! ,g]man is lazy1 ,i %\ld be %[n ! l>ge/ & f9e/ resid5ce on ! mo/ fa%ionable av5ue1 built f ! sav+s ( a ,g]man :o began life 9 pov]ty4 ,if ,i said t ! ,g]man c\ld n be tru/$1 ,i %\ld be introduc$ to a man ( t race :o is ! presid5t ( ! l>ge/ bank 9 ! city4 ,if ,i said t ! ,g]man is n fitt$ = citiz5%ip1 ,i %\ld be %[n a ,g]man :o is a respect$ & influ5tial memb] ( ! city gov]nm5t4 ,n[1 :5 y\r critics say t ! ,negro is lazy1 ,i want y to be able to %[ !m ! f9e/ f>m 9 ! community own$ & op]at$ by a ,negro4 ,:5 !y ask if ! ,negro is hone/1 ,i want y to %[ !m a ,negro ^: note is acceptable at ! bank = #e1jjj4 ,:5 !y say t ! ,negro is n economical1 ,i want y to %[ !m a ,negro ) #ej1jjj 9 ! bank4 ,:5 !y say t ! ,negro is n fit = citiz5%ip1 ,i want y to %[ !m a man ( our race pay+ taxes on a cotton factory4 ,i want y to be able to %[ !m ,negroes :o /& 9 ! front 9 ! affairs ( ,/ate1 ( religion1 ( education1 ( me*anics1 ( comm]ce & ( h\sehold economy4 ,y rememb] ! old admonition3 ,by ?is sign we %all conqu]4 ,let x be our motto4 ,!re are p 9 ! ,nor? :o h be5 aid+ 9 ! matt] ( ,negro education 9 ! ,s\? dur+ ! la/ t51 tw5ty1 or ev5 ?irty ye>s4 ,x is 9 "p ! money ( ^? p t has made ?is in/itution possible4 ,^? p h a "r1 z a pla9 matt] ( bus9ess1 to ask :at are ! results ( ?is aid !y h be5 giv+4 ,:at evid5ces c we pres5t to prove to !m t _! inve/m5ts 9 ?is direction h be5 pay+ ones8 ,x is1 9 no small measure1 ! duty ( y1 z /ud5ts ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 to answ]1 & to answ] satisfactorily1 su* a "q z t4 ,we h rea*$ a po9t1 l>gely ?r\gh ! aid :i* ! ,nor? has giv5 to ! ,s\? dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 :]e !re is little opposition 9 ! ,s\? to ! p ( ! ,negro race receiv+ any =m ( education4 ,y c g out f "h & plant a s*ool 9 any c\nty 9 ! ,s\?1 :i* w n meet ) opposition f ! :ite resid5ts ( ! community4 ,:at is m1 9 _m cases x w receive enc\ragem5t1 & 9 "s a he>ty sympa?y & support4 ,n long ago ,i receiv$ fifty doll>s f a :ite man 9 ,mississippi to pay = ! education ( a black boy4 ,?is man 0 =m]ly a slave-hold]1 & at fir/ he 0 n incl9$ to enc\rage ! education ( ! ,negro1 b he /at$ to me frankly1 9 8 lett]1 t he n[ believes t ,tuskegee & simil> in/itutions are do+ ! "w t ! ,negro mo/ ne$s to h done4 ,he want$ to %[ ! p ( ! ,nor?1 he said1 t ,s\!rn :ite m5 are z deeply int]e/$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,negro z !y are4 ,i h 9 m9d ano!r case1 ( a ,s\!rn :ite man 9 ,alabama :o dur+ ! la/ ye> contribut$ out ( 8 own pocket ne>ly #b1jjj = ! build+ & ma9t5ance ( a ,negro s*ool 9 8 c\nty4 ,/ill ano!r ,s\!rn :ite man1 ,mr4 ,belton ,gilrea?1 ( ,birm+ham1 ,alabama1 rec5tly s5t ! ,in/itute 8 *eck = #ejj--up to t "t ! l>ge/ sum :i* ! s*ool _h receiv$ f a ,s\!rn man--) ?is lett]3 ,z a ,s\!rn man & ! son ( "o ( ! l>ge/ slave own]s ( ! ,s\?1 ,i am anxi\s = our p to d all t c reasonably be expect$ ( !m = ! education ( ! ,negroes1 !reby mak+ !m m cont5t & useful citiz5s & fri5ds4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i ?9k ! "t has come 9 ! ,s\? = all our p to consid] m fully ?an !y h ev] done be=e ! "q ( ! education ( all ( our population2 &1 :]ev] practicable1 to give att5tion 9 our s*ools to tea*+ ! art ( sav+ also4 ,m rec5tly /ill1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,atk9son1 ( ,atlanta1 "o ( ! mo/ successful bus9ess m5 9 ! entire ,s\?1 came to ,tuskegee ,in/itute & made a ?or\gh inspection ( our "w4 ,aft] he return$ to ,atlanta ,i receiv$ a lett] f him f :i* ,i quote "o p>agraph3 ,i enclose my *eck = #a1jjj1 = ! b5efit ( y\r s*ool1 to be us$ z y\r judgm5t dictates4 ,i 0 v mu* impress$ by :at ,i saw4 ,i w n =get x4 ,^! :ite p are beg9n+ to see ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! value ( an educat$ ,negro & "o :o is n educat$4 ,x is = y to demon/rate to !m ?is value m & m cle>ly e ye>4 ,,sub/ance vs4 ,,%ad[ ,y are "h = ! purpose ( gett+ an education4 ,n[1 "o ( ! results ( an education is to increase a p]son's wants4 ,y take ! ord9>y p]son :o lives on a plantation1 & s long z t p]son is ignorant1 he is cont5t to live 9 a cab9 ) "o room1 9 :i* he has a skillet1 a b$/ead--or an apology = "o--a table1 & a few *airs or /ools4 ,he is cont5t if he has fat meat1 corn bread & peas on ! table to eat1 & = clo?+ he is satisfi$ to we> jeans & osnaburg himself1 & to h 8 wife we> a calico dress & a tw5ty-five c5t hat4 ,b1 z soon z t man becomes educat$1 he feels t he mu/ h a h\se ) at lea/ two or ?ree rooms 9 x1 furni%$ ) neat & sub/antial furniture4 ,in/ead ( jeans & osnaburg = clo!s1 he wants dec5t wooll5 clo?1 neat-fitt+ %oes1 & a :ite coll> & a necktie1 ?+s :i* he nev] ?\ght ( we>+ be=e he became educat$4 ,sometimes he ev5 ?9ks t he mu/ h jewell]y4 ,s y see ! result ( education is to increase a p]son's wants4 ,n[1 ! crisis 9 t p]son's affairs comes :5 ! "q arises :e!r 8 education has increas$ 8 ability to supply 8 wants4 ,su* an ability1 ,i claim1 is "o ( ! results ( indu/rial education4 ,by su* an education z t1 :ile we are gett+ culture along all ! l9es t 9 any degree t5d to increase ! wants ( a p]son1 we are1 9 ! meantime1 gett+ skill to increase our ability to supply ^! wants4 ,&1 unless we h ?is ability1 we w f9d1 soon] or lat]1 t in/ead ( go+ =w>d we are go+ backw>d4 ,i ?9k t ! temptation = u1 especially = ^? :o are only half educat$1 is to try to get hold ( a c]ta9 k9d ( %all[ culture1 in/ead ( gett+ ! sub/antial--in/ead ( gett+ hold ( real education1 ( prop]ty & mat]ial prosp]ity4 ,y :o /udy hi/ory "k h[ ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 :o l&$ at ,plym\? ,rock 9 ! bleak w9t] ( #afbj1 7 will+ to we> homespun clo!s1 & to be m>ri$ 9 !m1 if necess>y1 & to h a w$d+ t 9 all w\ld n co/ m ?an f\r doll>s1 ,i suppose4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 "o ( our boys wants to get m>ri$ n[1 he mu/ h a w$d+ t co/s n less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,8 wife mu/ h a dress ) a long tra91 & he mu/ h a ,pr9ce ,alb]t1 broadclo? coat t he ei!r r5ts1 or buys on ! in/alm5t plan4 ,!y ?9k t !y mu/ h a bevy ( wait+ bridesmaids1 & !re mu/ be a l9e ( hacks /&+ on ! outside ( ! *ur* door t w co/ him n less ?an tw5ty-five doll>s4 ,!n1 aft] ! c]emony1 :]e d ^! p g to live8 ,! *ances are ! "y man :o has be5 to all ?is exp5se = ! sake ( ! %[ ( x1 takes 8 bride to live 9 a small cab9 ) only two rooms--sometimes only "o room--r5t$ at t4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by gett+ ! sup]ficial culture be=e ! doll>s are made2 grasp+ at ! %ad[ in/ead ( ! sub/ance4 ,n[ :at we want to d "h is to s5d out a set ( "y m5 & "y wom5 :o w g into ! communities :]e su* mi/akes z ^! are made1 & %[ ! p by example & by "w h[ mu* bett] x is to get m>ri$ = f\r doll>s1 & to pay z y g1 ?an to get m>ri$ = a hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 & !n pay f\r doll>s a mon? to live 9 a r5t$ cab94 ,:5 ,i g to ,new ,york1 or to any l>ge city1 !re is no?+ m disc\rag+ ?an to see p ( ?is v class ,i am speak+ (1 p :o seek ! sup]ficial culture1 ! %ad[1 r ?an ! sub/antial doll>s & education4 ,if y /& = a few m9utes on any ( ! fa%ionable /reets 9 ! ,nor!rn cities1 y w see ^! elaborately dress$ m51 we>+ five doll> hats on heads t at mo/ are n wor? m ?an fifty c5ts4 ,?is is ! class ( p :o h got j en\gh education to make !m want ev]y?+ !y see1 b :o h n got en\gh to make !m able to get :at !y want unless !y g beyond _! means to d s4 ,a sup]ficial education1 too1 makes u incl9$ to seek %[ 9 o!r ?+s besides dress4 ,we are incl9$1 = "o ?+1 to seek to %[ (f 9 ! use ( titles4 ,i rememb] t once ,i 0 introduc$ to a company ( ab\t sixty m51 & out ( ! :ole numb] !re 7 only six :o 7 n doctors1 pr(essors1 or colonels1 or :o did n h "s title4 ,i mu/ say ,i ?\ght m ( ! six :o 7 j pla9 mi/]s ?an ,i did ( all ! re/1 = among ! o!rs !re 7 "s v h>d-look+ doctors & pr(essors4 ,an ov]-desire = ^! ?+s %[s a %all[ness 9 u :i* makes u ridicul\s4 ,we want to /op mak+ t k9d ( mi/ake4 ,if y are a mi/]1 enc\rage ! p to call y by t title4 ,if y are a m9i/] & prea* int]e/+ & in/ructive s]mons1 p are go+ to be impress$ by :at y say & n by ! title y be>4 ,! title is ! %ad[2 :at y say is ! sub/ance4 ,:5 a p]son is simple1 he is on ! /rong side4 ,p n only h m respect = him1 b he accompli%es m4 ,i 0 once at a memorial meet+ held 9 hon\r ( a man :o _h done a great & useful "w1 n only = ! race b = ! s*ool ) :i* he _h be5 connect$4 ,aft] ab\t two h\rs ( spee*mak+1 somebody took ! plat=m & said t a collection ought to be tak5 up = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool :i* ?is man _h work$ s h>d =1 to %[ ! appreciation :i* ^? pres5t felt = ?is man's s]vices4 ,aft] a good deal ( talk1 #f4fe 0 collect$4 ,!n ! "q 0 rais$ aga9 z to :at 0 go+ to be done ) ?is money--j h[ x 0 to be donat$ to ! s*ool4 ,! meet+ _h pass$ a set ( resolutions te/ify+ to ! high "* ( ! man & ! wor? ( 8 "w4 ,somebody sugge/$ t ^! resolutions be engross$ & s5t to ! s*ool4 ,?is 0 a big ^w1 & ! p lik$ ! s\nd ( x4 ,^u inquiry x 0 f\nd t x w\ld co/ #f4jj to h ! resolutions engross$4 ,x 0 vot$ to h ?is done1 & x 0 done2 :5 ! resolutions w\ld h done j z mu* good typewritt51 at a co/ ( tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,b ! meet+ paid out ! #f4jj1 & s5t ! engross$ copy ( ! resolutions d[n to ! s*ool1 along ) ! sixty-five c5ts left to be exp5d$ = ! help ( ! s*ool4 ,t1 x seem$ to me1 0 ano!r case ( grasp+ ! %ad[ in/ead ( ! sub/ance4 ,! engross$ resolutions 7 ! %ad[2 ! sixty-five c5ts 7 all t 0 left ( ! sub/ance4 ,9 all ^! matt]s we ne$ spe$y & effective re=ms4 ,we want y to g out into ! _w & use y\r influ5ce t[>d secur+ ^! re=ms4 ,!re are too _m p 9 ! _w :o give _! :ole lives to grasp+ at ! %ad[ in/ead ( ! sub/ance--grasp+ at a %am in/ead ( real wor?4 ,we want y to tea* by ^w & action simple1 "r & hone/ liv+4 ,,"* ,,z ,,%[n ,,9 ,,dress ,x is surpris+ h[ mu* we c tell ab\t a p]son's "* by 8 dress4 ,i ?9k x is v seldom t we _c tell :e!r a p]son is ignorant or educat$1 simply by 8 dress2 & !re are "s few1 pla9 facts ab\t dress t ,i am go+ to m5tion to y to-night4 ,:ile x is h>d to lay d[n any rules z to h[ we mu/ dress1 ,i ?9k !re are "s well-def9$ pr9ciples ( dress to :i* all well-educat$ p]sons w con=m4 ,i ?9k we w all agree t our dress %\ld be clean4 ,!re is little excuse = p]sons we>+ fil?y clo!s--,i ?9k we all w agree z to t4 ,x is disgraceful = a man to g ab\t ) ragg$ clo!s or ) clo!s fa/5$ toge!r ) p9s :]e buttons ought to be4 ,x is disgraceful = a girl to g ab\t ) a soil$ apron1 or ) h] clo!s p9n$ toge!r4 ,our clo!s %\ld be kept clean & 9 good repair4 ,?us f>1 ,i ?9k1 we %all h no disagreem5t4 ,b !re are "s p :o make ! mi/ake ( giv+ _! :ole m9d to ! subject ( dress4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( ! week y w f9d t a great "p ( _! ?\ght & att5tion is giv5 to plann+ :at !y are go+ to we> ! next ,sunday4 ,"s p w g 9 rags all ?r\gh ! week1 9 ord] to h some?+ %[y to we> on ,sunday4 ,i ?9k we %\ld respect ,sunday by putt+ on some?+ diff]5t f :at we we> dur+ ! week if we c--al?\gh ( c\rse ^! ?+s are l>gely gov]n$ by our /ation 9 life--b ev5 !n x c]ta9ly is inappropriate to we> our mo/ %[y clo!s on t day4 ,dress 9 ! way t y\r pocket w all[4 ,!re are "s p]sons :o n only employ all _! ?\ghts 9 consid]+ :at !y %all we>1 b also sp5d all _! money on _! clo!s4 ,!re are "s p]sons :o live = ! sake ( dress4 ,^! p]sons are usually d5om9at$ fops4 ,i ?9k ! p 9 ! ,nor!rn cities are ! wor/ 9 ?is respect4 ,if y g ?r\gh ,six? ,av5ue1 9 ,new ,york1 or ,cambridge ,/reet1 9 ,bo/on1 y w see _m ( ^! fops1 :o p]haps e>n ab\t tw5ty doll>s a mon?1 /&+ on ! /reet corn]s ) kid gloves on1 cig>s betwe5 _! lips1 & high hats4 ,n[ t k9d ( a p]son is a fooli% fop1 & "o :om we d n c>e to h 9 ?is in/itution4 ,!re is no m fooli% p]son ?an ! "o :o sp5ds all he makes1 & sometimes m1 on dress4 ,!n1 too1 ,i ?9k !re are p]sons :o make mi/akes 9 ! matt] ( ornam5ts--:at we call jewell]y4 ,y w f9d _m a man ^: income is n tw5ty doll>s a mon? we>+ a great brass wat* *a9 ) s mu* brass 9 x t y c almo/ smell x4 ,y w see m5 & wom5 ) ?ree or f\r brass f+] r+s1 or wom5 ) brass e>-r+s4 ,d y "k t "o ( ! mo/ common mi/akes among ! masses ( our p 9 ! c\ntry is ?r[+ away _! money on *eap jewell]y8 ,d y "k t !y w come 9 to t[n to ! /ores1 & sp5d _! money on jewell]y wor? ab\t t5 c5ts apiece1 jewell]y t y actually c get = six doll>s & sev5 doll>s a bu%el at :olesale8 ,our p sp5d ?\s&s ( doll>s e ye> = ?is *eap jewell]y4 ,if !re is a "y man or a "y woman "h :o likes jewell]y1 & is go+ to indulge 9 x1 be sure to get t :i* is mode/4 ,ano!r mi/ake t "s ( our p make is 9 we>+ fla%y or l\d dress--dress 9 :i* bright col\rs & r$ ribbons pr$om9ate4 ,our dress %\ld be mode/2 ) few col\rs4 ,we (t5 make a mi/ake 9 gett+ %oes ab\t two sizes too small4 ,i saw a girl ?is morn+ 9 p]fect mis]y1 simply because %e _h b\ght1 & 0 try+ to we>1 a pair ( %oes ab\t two sizes too small4 ,su* p simply puni% _! feet to make p ?9k !y h small feet1 ?\gh x is j z hon\rable to h a l>ge foot z a small "o2 !re is no diff]5ce4 ,!n we make ano!r mi/ake 9 buy+ *eap1 %[y %oes simply because !y h a gloss on !m4 ,su* %oes are made to attract att5tion1 & n = com=t or durability4 ,:5 y are sp5d+ y\r money = %oes1 be sure t y get some?+ good1 some?+ t w la/ y4 ,d n buy ^? wor?less ?+s1 :i*1 :5 !y come 9 contact ) wat]1 w %rivel up because !y are made ( *eap mat]ial4 ,a man _c respect a girl :o puni%es h] feet 9 ord] to make !m look small4 ,!n1 ano!r ?+4 ,"s ( u ?9k we c improve our col\r4 ,"s get fl\r1 & o!rs get o!r k9ds ( mixtures :i* are call$ face p[d]s4 ,!re is no use = ?is4 ,any man w lose respect = a girl :o abuses h]self 9 ?is way4 ,only get some?+ into y\r head1 & !n y w f9d t ^! matt]s ( dress w adju/ !mselves4 ,:ile "s ( y d n dress s well z y might1 yet1 if y w give ! cont5ts ( y\r heads ! prop] att5tion1 y w f9d t ! matt] ( dress w n tr\ble y4 ,y c get dresses & clo!s aft] y h secur$ y\r education1 b n[ is ! only "t t y h 9 :i* to secure ! education4 ,,s+ ,,! ,,old ,,songs ,!re is no "p ( our *apel ex]cises t gives me m pleasure ?an ! beautiful ,negro melodies :i* y s+4 ,i believe !re is no "p ( ! s]vice m truly spiritual1 m elevat+4 ,:]ev] y g1 aft] y leave ?is s*ool1 ,i hope t y w nev] give up ! s++ ( ^! songs4 ,if y g out to h s*ools ( y\r own1 h y\r pupils s+ !m z y h sung !m "h1 & tea* !m to see ! beauty :i* dwells 9 ^! songs4 ,:5 9 ,new ,york1 n long ago1 ,i _h ! pleasure ( conv]s+ ) ,pr9ce ,h5ry ( ,prussia1 he spoke p>ticul>ly ( ! beauty ( ^! songs1 & said t 9 8 own home1 9 ,g]many1 he & 8 family (t5 s+ !m4 ,he ask$ if !re 0 any pr9t$ collection ( ^! songs1 t a copy might be s5t him1 & ,i h s9ce !n =w>d$ to him a copy ( ! book ( plantation melodies collect$ & publi%$ "u ! auspices ( ,hampton ,in/itute4 ,:5 ,*ri/ 0 ^u ?is e>? ,he said3 ,a little *ild %all lead !m4 ,:5ce comes ?is supreme p[] ( lead]%ip8 ,9 ?is age1 :5 we he> s mu* said ab\t lead]s ( m51 ab\t successful lead]%ip1 we d well to /op to consid] ?is admonition ( ! ,savi\r4 ,"s are said to lead 9 bus9ess1 o!rs 9 education1 o!rs 9 politics1 or 9 religion4 ,:at is ! explanation ( ,a little *ild %all lead !m8 ,simply ?is4 ,a little *ild1 "u all circum/ances1 is its simple1 pure1 sweet self2 nev] appe>+ big :5 x is little2 nev] appe>+ le>n$ :5 x is ignorant2 nev] appe>+ weal?y :5 x is 9 pov]ty2 nev] appe>+ important :5 x is unimportant4 ,9 a ^w1 ! life ( ! *ild is f\nd$ ^u ! great & immutable1 & yet simple1 t5d] & delicate laws ( nature4 ,!re is no pret5ce4 ,!re is no mock]y4 ,!re is an unconsci\s1 beautiful1 /rong cl++ to tru?2 & x is ?is div9e quality 9 *ild or 9 man1 9 ,jew or ,g5tile1 9 ,*ri/ian or ,mohamm$an1 9 ! anci5t _w or 9 ! mod]n _w1 9 a black man or 9 a :ite man1 t always has l$ m5 & m\ld$ _! activity4 ,! m5 :o h be5 brave en\gh1 wise en\gh1 simple en\gh1 self-d5y+ en\gh to plant !mselves ^u ?is rock ( tru? & !re /&1 h1 9 ! end1 drawn ! _w unto !m1 ev5 z ,*ri/ said3 ,i w draw all m5 unto me4 ,su* a man 0 ,lu!r1 su* a man 0 ,wesley1 su* a man 0 ,c>lyle1 su* a man 0 ,cromwell1 su* 7 ,g>rison & ,phillips1 su* 0 ,abraham ,l9coln1 & su* 0 our own great ,fr$]ick ,d\glass4 ,! ?+ aim$ at by all great s\ls has be5 to br+ m5 & races back to ! simplicity & purity ( *ildhood--back to reality4 ,:at is ! mo/ orig9al product ) :i* ! ,negro race /&s accr$it$8 ,yes1 ,i am almo/ ready to add1 ) :i* ,am]ica /&s accr$it$8 ,)\t hesitation ,i answ]3--,^? beautiful1 weird1 qua9t1 sweet melodies :i* 7 ! simple1 *ild-l expression ( ! angui%1 ! joy1 ! hopes1 ! burd5s1 ! fai?1 ! trials ( our =efa!rs :o wore ! yoke ( slav]y4 ,:y are !y ! admiration ( ! _w8 ,:y does e attempt at improvem5t spoil !m8 ,:y d !y nev] fail to t\* ! t5d]e/ *ord--to br+ te>s f ! eyes ( ri* & poor--f k+ & humble/ toil] alike8 ,li/5 h[ 9 ?is beautiful song ! s\l 9 tr\ble is told n to g to h\ses & temples made by man1 b to get close to ,nature3 ,ef y] want to see ,jesus ,g 9 de wild]ness1 ,g 9 de wild]ness1 ,g 9 de wild]ness1 ,g 9 de wild]ness4 ,if y] want to see ,jesus1 ,g 9 de wild]ness ,lean9' on de ,"l4 ,oh brudd]1 h[ d'ye feel1 :5 ye come out de wild]ness1 ,come out de wild]ness1 ,come out de wild]ness1 ,oh1 brudd]1 h[ d'ye feel1 :5 ye come out de wild]ness1 ,lean9' on de ,"l8 ,!n1 9 ano!r1 he> h[ our =ep>5ts broke ?r\gh all ! deceptions & allurem5ts ( false weal?1 & 9 _! long days ( we>9ess express$ _! fai? 9 a place :]e e day w\ld be "o ( re/3 ,oh1 religion is a =tune1 ,i r'a'ly d believe4 ,oh1 religion is a =tune1 ,i r'a'ly d believe4 ,oh1 religion is a =tune1 ,i r'a'ly d believe1 ,:> ,sabba?s hab no end4 ,:> yo' be51 poor m\rn]1 :> yo' be5 s long8 ,be5 d[n 9 de valley1 = to pray2 ,an' ,i a9't done pray9' yet4 ,!n1 h[1 :5 oppress$ by ye>s ( s]vitude to :i* o!rs ?\ght !re w\ld be no end1 we he> !m break out into qua9t & wild bur/s ( appeal to fact3 ,my ,"l delib]$ ,daniel1 ,my ,"l delib]$ ,daniel1 ,my ,"l delib]$ ,daniel2 ,:y c't ,he delib] me8 ,i met a pilgrim on de way1 an' ,i ask him :]e he's gw9e4 ,i'm b\nd = ,canaan's happy lan'1 ,an' dis is de %\t9' b&4 ,g on4 ,he delib]$ ,daniel f de lion's d51 ,jonah f de belly ob de :ale1 ,an' de ,hebrew *ildr5 f de fi]y furnace4 ,d5 :y n eb]y man8 ,or :5 ! burd5 seem$ almo/ too great = human body to endure1 !re came ?is simple1 *ild-l pray]3 ,o ,"l1 ,o1 my ,"l1 ,o1 my good ,"l1 ,keep me f s9k9' d[n4 ,o ,"l1 ,o my ,"l1 ,o my good ,"l1 ,keep me f s9k9' d[n4 ,i tell yo' :at ,i mean to d4 ,keep me f s9k9' d[n4 ,i mean to g to hebb51 too4 ,keep me f s9k9' d[n4 ,or :at c\ld g m directly to ,nature's he>t ?an ! pa!tic yet hopeful1 tru/ful outbur/ ( ! little slave boy :o 0 to be tak5 f 8 "m to be sold into ! f> ,s\?1 :5 x seem$ to him t all e>?ly happ9ess 0 =ev] blight$4 ,he> him3 ,i'm gw9e to j9e de great 'sociation1 ,i'm gw9e to j9e de great 'sociation1 ,i'm gw9e to j9e de great 'sociation4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e1 %9e2 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e along4 ,oh6 ,i'm gw9e to climb up ,jacob's ladd]4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e1 %9e4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e along4 ,oh6 ,i'm gw9e to climb up high] an' high]4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e1 etc ,i'm gw9e to sit at de welcome table ,i'm gw9e to fea/ (f milk an' honey4 ,i'm gw9e to tell ,god h[-a' y s>v$ me4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e1 %9e4 ,d5 my little s\l's gw9e to %9e along4 ,oh6 ,& s x has ev] be51 s x is1 & ev] w be4 ,! _w1 reg>dless ( race1 or col\r1 or condition1 admires & approves a real ?+4 ,b %am1 buffoon]y1 m]e imitation1 m]e sup]ficiality1 nev] has br\ght success & nev] w br+ x4 ,an individual or a race t is /rong en\gh1 is wise en\gh1 to disreg>d make%ifts1 cu/oms1 prejudices1 allur+ temptations1 deceptions1 imitations--to ?r[ (f ! mask ( unreality & plant itself deep d[n 9 ! clay1 or on ! solid granite ( nature1 is ! individual or ! race t w crawl up1 /ruggle up1 yes1 ev5 bur/ up2 & 9 ! ef=t ( do+ s w ga9 a /r5g? t w comm& = x respect & recognition4 ,be=e an individual or a race ?us equipp$1 race prejudice1 s5seless cu/oms1 oppressions1 w hide _! faces =ev] 9 blu%+ %ame4 ,,gett+ ,,d[n ,,to ,,"m ,,e>? ,"o ( ! highe/ ambitions ( e man leav+ ,tuskegee ,in/itute %\ld be to help ! p ( 8 race f9d bottom--f9d b$ rock--& !n help !m to /& ^u t f\ndation4 ,if we :o are int]e/$ 9 ! s*ool c help y to d ?is1 we %all c\nt ourselves satisfi$4 ,& until ! b$-rock ( our life is f\nd1 & until we are plant$ !reon1 all else is b pla/]1 b make-believe1 b ! pap] on ! walls ( a h\se )\t framework4 ,t is "o ( ! /epp+ /ones ) :i* nature has provid$ u4 ,"h ! pa? is pla91 if we h ! c\rage to foll[ x4 ,eighty-five p] c5t4 ( ! p ( ! ,negro race live--or attempt to live--by "s =m ( agriculture4 ,if we w\ld save ! race1 & lift x up1 "h is ! great opportunity ar\nd :i*1 9 a l>ge measure1 individual1 organiz$1 religi\s & secul> ef=t %\ld c5tre = ! next fifty ye>s4 ,b to d ?is we mu/ take advantage ( ! =ces at h&4 ,we mu/ /& ^u our own feet1 & n ^u a f\ndation suppli$ by ano!r4 ,we mu/ beg9 our gr[? :]e our civilization f9ds u1 & n try to beg9 on "s o!r civilization4 ,to illu/rate :at ,i mean1 we ne$ n g to ano!r race1 nor v f> f home4 ,9 a little t[n 9 ,alabama !re 0 a /urdy1 indu/ri\s black man :o = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s _h liv$ ^u r5t$ l&1 _h hir$ mules & horses to "w t l&1 & _h mortgag$ 8 crops to secure food & clo!s4 ,he _h driv5 to *ur* on ,sunday 9 a buggy t 0 n 81 & he wore good-look+ clo!s t 7 n paid =4 ,9 outw>d appe>ance he seem$ to prosp]4 ,he seem$ to be :at ! :ite m5 ab\t him 74 ,b ?is black man knew t he 0 try+ to /& ^u an imp]fect basis4 ,& s1 "o day ab\t a doz5 ye>s ago1 he made up 8 m9d t h5ce=? he w\ld be himself--t he w\ld /& ^u 8 own f\ndation4 ,he told ! :ite man to take back 8 mules1 to take back 8 waggon & buggy2 & he gave up ! r5t$ l&4 ,he _h resolv$ to be a man4 ,a few acres ( l& 7 secur$4 ,he made 8 b$ 9 ! cotton se$ at night4 ,he hir$ a boy to come to 8 place at night1 & by moonlight he pull$ a pl\gh :i* ! boy guid$4 ,9 ?is way a cotton crop 0 made free f debt4 ,) ! small surplus :i* he got f ?is he b\ght an ox1 & ) ?is bea/ made a second crop free f debt4 ,a mule 0 b\ght1 & !n ano!r4 ,to-day ?is man is ! own] ( a com=table home1 is a /ockhold] 9 "o ( ! banks ( 8 c\nty1 & 8 note or *eck w be hon\r$ by any bus9ess h\se !re4 ,:ile o!rs 7 talk+1 or debat+ ov] second-h& doctr9es le>n$ by rote1 ?is /rong son ( nature _h f\nd himself & solv$ 8 own problem4 ,i might tell y ! /ory ( ano!r man ( our race :o began 8 successful bus9ess life 9 ! holl[ ( a tree = 8 home2 )\t furniture or b$-clo?+4 ,b t tree1 & ! l& on :i* x /ood1 7 8 own4 ,y _h bett] beg9 life 9 a holl[ tree & be a man1 ?an beg9 x 9 a r5t$ h\se & be a m]e tool1 ! imitation ( a man4 ,if y 7 to g into ! ,we/]n "p ( ?is c\ntry y w\ld f9d x fill$ ) m5 ( ! highe/ culture1 pr(\nd s*ol>%ip1 & endur+ weal?1 ^: ance/ors a few g5]ations ago began life 9 a dug-out1 9 a hay l(t1 or 9 a hole 9 ! side ( a m\nta94 ,"y m5 & "y wom51 !re is no escape4 ,if we w\ld be great1 & good1 & useful1 we mu/ pay ! price4 ,& rememb] t :5 we get d[n to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( tru?1 nature draws no col\r l9e4 ,i d n want to />tle y :5 ,i say x1 b ,i %\ld l to see dur+ ! next fifty ye>s e col\r$ m9i/] & tea*]1 ^: "w lies outside ! l>ge cities1 arm$ ) a ?or\gh k ( !oretical & practical agriculture1 9 connection ) 8 !ological & academic tra9+4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 %\ld be s because ! race is an agricultural "o1 & because my hope is t x w rema9 su*4 ,^u ?is f\ndation almo/ e race 9 hi/ory has got its />t4 ,) *eap l&s1 a beautiful climate & a ri* soil1 we c lay ! f\ndation ( a great & p[]ful race4 ,! "q t confronts u is :e!r we w take advantage ( ?is opportunity8 ,9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,new ,york ,indep5d5t1 ,rev4 ,russel ,h4 ,conwell1 ! pa/or ( ! great ,temple ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 9 ,philadelphia1 a *ur* t has a memb]%ip ( ?ree ?\s& p]sons1 tells ( ! pa/or ( a small c\ntry *ur* 9 ,massa*usetts :o1 9 p]plexity at ! et]nally recurr+ "q ( h[ to make 8 *ur* pay its exp5ses1 ask$ ,mr4 ,conwell's advice4 ,i advis$ him1 ,mr4 ,conwell says1 to /udy agricultural *emi/ry1 dairy f>m+ & h\sehold economy4 ,i meant ! advice s]i\sly1 & he took x s]i\sly4 ,he made 8 /udies1 & he made !m ?or\ghly4 ,on ! ,sunday :5 he prea*$ 8 fir/ practical s]mon :i* 0 ! outgr[? ( 8 helpful le>n+1 its topic 0 sci5tific manures1 ) appropriate scriptural allusions4 ,he _h j sev5te5 li/5]s4 ,^! sev5te51 h[ev]1 7 greatly int]e/$4 ,lat] on1 !y discuss$ ! rem>kable dep>ture ) _! fri5ds :o _h n att5d$ ! s]vice4 ,! result 0 t )9 five ,sundays ! *ur* 0 pack$ ) wor%ipp]s1 :o _h discov]$ t heav5 is n su* a long di/ance f e>? aft] all4 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( our race1 :at an imm5se ga9 x w\ld be if f e *ur* 9 ! va/ agricultural region ( ! ,s\? !re c\ld be prea*$ e ,sunday two s]mons on religion1 & a lesson or lecture giv5 on ! pr9ciples ( intellig5t agriculture1 on ! importance ( ! own]%ip ( l&1 & on ! importance ( build+ com=table homes4 ,i believe t if ?is policy c\ld be pursu$1 in/ead ( ! n[ too (t5 poorly clo!d1 poorly f$1 & poorly h\s$ m9i/]s1 ) sal>ies rang+ f "o hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ doll>s a ye>1 we %\ld soon h communities & *ur*es on _! feet1 to su* an ext5t t hundr$s ( m9i/]s :o n[ live at a dy+ rate w\ld be support$ 9 a mann] comm5surate ) ! dignity ( ! pr(ession4 ,n only ?is1 b su* a policy w\ld result 9 giv+ ! m9i/ry su* an ideal ( ! dignity ( lab\r & su* a love = x1 t ! m9i/]'s own home & g>d5 & f>m w\ld be con/ant object lessons = 8 foll[]s1 & at ! same "t s\rces f :i* he c\ld draw a support :i* w\ld make him 9 a l>ge measure indep5d5t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful & mo/ hon\r$ m9i/]s ,i "k is a man :o owns & cultivates fifty acres ( l&4 ,?is l& yields him an income suffici5t to live on ea* ye>4 ,?is man's note or *eck is gladly hon\r$ at ! bank4 ,because ( 8 indep5d5ce he leads 8 p in/ead ( hav+ to cat] to _! :ims4 ,x may be sugge/$ t :at ,i plead = has n be5 done by o!rs1 aft] ?is fa%ion4 ,x 0 done 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! settlem5t ( ,new ,engl&1 & p]sev]$ 9 by ! m9i/]s !re until ! p ( ! c\ntry _h become suffici5tly prosp]\s to support _! m9i/]s suitably4 ,besides1 if "o race ( p1 or "o individual1 is simply to foll[ 9 ! /eps ( ano!r1 no progress w\ld ev] be possible 9 ! _w4 ,let u rememb] t no o!r race ( p ev] _h j su* a problem to "w out z we h4 ,:at ,i h tri$ to say to y to-night ab\t agricultural life may be said ) equal emphasis ab\t city occupations4 ,%[ me ! race t leads 9 "w 9 wood & 9 metal1 9 ! build+ ( h\ses & factories1 & 9 ! con/ruct+ & op]at+ ( ma*9]y1 & ,i w %[ y ! race t 9 ! long run m\lds public ?\ght1 t controls gov]nm5t1 t leads 9 comm]ce1 9 ! sci5ces1 9 ! arts & 9 ! pr(essions4 ,:at we %\ld d 9 all our s*ools is to turn out few] job-seek]s & m job-mak]s4 ,any "o c seek a job1 b x requires a p]son ( r>e ability to create a job4 ,if x may seem to "s ( y t :at ,i h be5 say+ ov]looks ! developm5t ( ! race 9 morals1 e?ics1 religion & /atesman%ip1 my answ] w\ld be ?is4 ,y might z well argue t because a tree is plant$ deep d[n 9 ,"m ,e>?1 because x comes 9 contact ) clay1 & rocks1 & s&1 & wat]1 t ?r\gh its graceful bran*es1 its beautiful leaves & its fragrant blossoms x tea*es no lesson ( tru?1 beauty & div9ity4 ,y _c plant a tree 9 air & h x live4 ,try x4 ,no matt] h[ mu* we may praise its proportions & enjoy its beauty1 x dies unless its roots & fibres t\* & h _! f\ndation 9 ,"m ,e>?4 ,:at is true ( ! tree is true ( a race4 ,a ,,p5ny ,,sav$ ,a l>ge proportion ( y1 = "o reason or ano!r1 w n be able to return to ?is in/itution aft] ! close ( ! pres5t ye>4 ,on t acc\nt !re are "s c5tral ?\ghts :i* ,i %\ld l to impress ^u y\r m9ds ?is ev5+1 & :i* ,i wi% y to take ) y into ! _w1 :e!r y g out f ! s*ool z graduates or :e!r y g z und]graduates4 ,i h (t5 spok5 to y ab\t ! matt] ( le>n+ to economize y\r "t1 to save y\r "t1 ! matt] ( try+ to make ! mo/ ( e m9ute & h\r ( y\r exi/5ce4 ,i h (t5 spok5 to y ab\t ! hurtful reputation :i* a l>ge proportion ( ! p ( our race get 9 "o way or ano!r because ( ?is seem+ inability to put a prop] value ^u "t1 or a prop] value ^u ! importance ( keep+ "o's ^w 9 connection ) obligations4 ,y "k to :at a l>ge ext5t ! feel+ prevails--:e!r ju/ly or unju/ly--t z a p we _c be dep5d$ ^u to keep our ^w2 t if we are hir$ to "w 9 a mill or a factory1 we "w until we h got ?ree doll>s or f\r doll>s 9 wages ahead1 & !n g on an excursion1 or g to t[n1 & d n return to "w until :at we h e>n$ has be5 consum$4 ,& s1 9 "o way or ano!r1 a l>ge proportion ( u get ! reputation t we _c be dep5d$ ^u = fai?ful1 regul>1 effici5t s]vice2 & t hurts ! race4 ,:]ev] y g1 we wi% y by y\r own actions1 by y\r advice1 by y\r influ5ce1 to try & disprove & c\nt]act t hurtful reputation4 ,y c d ?is 9 ! mo/ effici5t mann] by y\rselves be+ ! highe/ possible example4 ,! p :o succe$ are1 v l>gely1 ^? :o le>n to economize "t1 9 ! ways ,i h ref]r$ to1 & ^? :o also h le>n$ to save1 n only "t1 b money4 ,n[ ?is may seem to y a v mat]iali/ic ?\ght = me to emphasize ?is ev5+--! sav+ ( money--b to u1 z a race1 x is ( vital importance4 ,i h he>d x express$ rec5tly on sev]al occasions t ! ,negro 0 becom+ too mu* mat]ializ$1 too mu* indu/rializ$4 ,too mu* att5tion1 x has be5 said1 is giv5 to ! mat]ial side ( life4 ,n[ x seems to me t ,i h z yet se5 v little t ne$ ar\se our fe>s 9 t direction4 ,i am n able to und]/& h[ a race t does n own a s+le /eam railroad1 t does n own a s+le /reet-c> l9e1 t owns h>dly a bank1 t does n own a s+le block ( h\ses 9 a l>ge city--,i am n able to und]/& h[ su* a race z t is 9 dang] ( becom+ mat]ializ$4 ,:5 y get millions ( doll>s 9 banks1 :5 y get millions ( doll>s inve/$ 9 railroad /ocks1 :5 y get o!r millions inve/$ 9 /reet-c> l9es1 or 9 ! control ( l>ge factories1 great plantations1 or 9 o!r great indu/rial ent]prises 9 ! ,s\?1 !n ,i %all say t !re are signs ( y\r becom+ too mat]iali/ic1 ( y\r gett+ to be too ri*2 b ,i d n see any su* signs yet4 ,& until we d see su* signs1 we c re/ ourselves 9 peace1 ,i ?9k1 s f> z t dang] is conc]n$4 ,b !re is a c]ta9 influ5ce ( money t ,i d n ?9k we emphasize en\gh4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! gett+ hold ( money1 ! gett+ hold ( a compet5cy1 insures u ! possession ( c]ta9 influ5ces t we c get 9 no o!r way4 ,9 ord] to get hold ( ! spiritually be/ & highe/ ?+s 9 life !re are c]ta9 mat]ial ?+s t we are compell$ to h fir/4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! gett+ hold ( money & ! sav+ ( ?is money w assure ! possession ( dec5t com=table h\ses to live 94 ,no p]son c d 8 be/ "w1 or c be ( ! greate/ s]vice to himself & to 8 fell[-be+s1 until he is able to live 9 a dec5t1 com=table h\se4 ,y w n be ready = life until y own su* a h\se1 :e!r y live 9 x or n4 ,ev5 if y own su* a h\se & r5t x out1 y are t mu* m ( a man4 ,i (t5 he> p say t !y d n own a h\se1 or prop]ty1 because !y d n expect to live long 9 ?is place or t place4 ,i h kn[n su* p to move six times 9 six ye>s4 ,!y nev] w own a h\se1 simply because !y h got into ! habit ( giv+ excuses1 in/ead ( try+ to get to own a home4 ,! possession ( a dec5t h\se insures u a c]ta9 am\nt ( prop] com=t4 ,no p]son c d ! be/ "w1 c ?9k well1 c get along well1 unless he has a c]ta9 am\nt ( com=t1 &1 ,i may add1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( good1 n\ri%+ food1 well cook$4 ,! p]son :o is n sure :]e he is go+ to get 8 breakfa/1 or ! "o :o is n sure :]e he is go+ to get ! money to pay 8 next week's bo>d1 is ! individual :o _c d ! be/ "w1 :e!r ! "w be physical1 m5tal or spiritual4 ,! possession ( money enables u to be sure t we are go+ to h com=table clo?+1 clo?+ en\gh to keep ! body w>m & vigor\s1 & 9 good1 heal?y condition4 ,! possession ( money enables u to get to ! po9t :]e we c d our "p 9 ! build+ ( s*ool-h\ses1 *ur*es1 hospitals2 x enables u to d our "p 9 all ^! directions4 ,money n only enables u to get ^u our feet 9 ^! mat]ial directions1 b x has ano!r value4 ,! gett+ ( x develops =esight on our "p4 ,p _c get money )\t le>n+ to ex]cise =e?\ght1 )\t plann+ to-day = to-morr[1 ?is week = ! next week1 & ?is ye> = next ye>4 ,p _c get hold ( money--or at lea/ _c keep hold ( x--:o h n le>n$ to ex]cise self-control4 ,!y mu/ be able to say ,no4 ,i want y /ud5ts1 :5 y g out f "h1 to be able to say ,no4 ,i want y to be able to g by a /ore &1 z y notice ! ?+s 9 t /ore--:e!r c&y or spr+ hats1 or :atev] x is t attracts y--to be able1 not)/&+ ! fact t y h ! money 9 y\r pockets to buy1 to ex]cise a self-control t w enable y to pass ^! ?+s by & save y\r money to inve/ x 9 a home4 ,p]sons _c get hold ( money )\t le>n+ to ex]cise economy1 )\t le>n+ to make ev]y?+ g j z f> z x is possible to make x g4 ,!n1 aga91 ! gett+ money enables a p]son to become a good1 /eady1 safe citiz54 ,! p :o kill & are kill$1 n9e times out ( t51 :e!r !y are black or :ite1 are p :o d n own a home1 :o d n h money 9 ! bank4 ,!y are p :o live 9 _! gripsacks4 ,!y are gripsack lead]s4 ,if _! gripsacks are 9 ,montgom]y to-night1 !re is _! home4 ,if !y are 9 ,opelika ! next night1 !re is _! home t night4 ,!re are numb]s ( ^! p :o h no home except _! gripsacks4 ,n[ ,i don't want y to g out f "h to be t k9d ( m5 & wom54 ,i want to see y own l&4 ,i want to see y own a dec5t home4 ,& let me say "r "h t y\r home is n dec5t or complete unless x conta9s a good1 com=table ba?-tub4 ,( ! two1 ,i believe ,i w\ld r see y own a ba?tub )\t a h\se1 ?an a h\se )\t a ba?tub4 ,if y get ! tub y are sure to get ! h\se lat]4 ,s :5 y g out f "h1 buy a ba?tub1 ev5 if y _c af=d to buy any?+ else4 ,! possession ( money1 ! hav+ ( a bank acc\nt1 ev5 if small1 gives u a c]ta9 am\nt ( self-respect4 ,an individual :o has a bank acc\nt walks ?r\gh a /reet s mu* m erect2 he looks p 9 ! face4 ,! p 9 ! community 9 :i* he lives h a confid5ce 9 him & a respect = him :i* !y w\ld n h if he did n possess ! bank acc\nt4 ,n[ "o great mi/ake t we make 9 /riv+ to rea* ^! ?+s is t we keep putt+ (f beg9n+4 ,! "y man says t he w beg9 :5 he gets m>ri$4 ,! "y woman says t %e w beg9 :5 %e gets dress$ well en\gh1 or gets a little fur!r on 9 life4 ,yield+ to ?is temptation or to t1 !y keep putt+ (f beg9n+ to save4 ,x makes "o sick at he>t1 z he goes into ! cities1 to see "y m5 on ,sunday aft]noons pay+ two or ?ree doll>s = a hack or c>riage to take "y wom5 out to drive1 :5 9 too _m cases ! m5 d n e>n a sal>y ( m ?an f\r doll>s a week4 ,"y wom51 don't g driv+ ) su* m54 ,a man :o goes driv+ on a sal>y ( f\r doll>s a week _c own a home or possess a bank acc\nt4 ,:5 y are ask$ to g to drive by su* a man z t1 tell him y w\ld r he w\ld put 8 money 9 ! bank1 because y "k he is n able to af=d to sp5d x 9 t way4 ,i l to see p com=tably & neatly dress$2 b !re is no sadd] sight ?an to see "y m5 & wom5 yield+ to ! temptation to sp5d all !y e>n ^u clo!s4 ,!n :5 !y die--9 _m1 _m cases--somebody has to pass ar\nd a hat to take up a collection 9 ord] t !y may be dec5tly put away4 ,d n make t mi/ake4 ,resolve t no matt] h[ little y may e>n1 y w put a "p ( ! money 9 ! bank4 ,if y e>n five doll>s a week1 put two doll>s 9 ! bank4 ,if y e>n t5 doll>s1 save f\r ( !m4 ,put ! money 9 ! bank4 ,let x /ay !re4 ,:5 x beg9s to draw int]e/ y w f9d t y w appreciate ! value ( money4 ,a little :ile ago ,i 0 9 ! city ( ,new ,b$=d1 ! city :i* 0 =m]ly ! home ( ,mrs4 ,hetty ,gre51 :o is said to be ! ri*e/ woman 9 ! _w4 ,i want to tell y a /ory ab\t h] t 0 told me by a g5tleman :o liv$ 9 ,new ,b$=d1 & :o knew ,mrs4 ,gre5 :5 %e liv$ !re4 ,= _m ye>s !y _h 9 ,new ,b$=d no sav+s bank t w\ld take a v small deposit4 ,f9ally a five-c5t sav+s bank 0 op5$ !re4 ,j aft] ?is _h be5 done1 ,mrs4 ,gre5 told ?is g5tleman t %e 0 glad !y _h op5$ a five-c5t bank1 s t n[ %e w\ld be able to put t am\nt 9 & h x draw int]e/4 ,y :o are "h d n ?9k ab\t five c5ts z a sum to be sav$4 ,y ?9k ( x only z money to buy peanuts & c&y1 or *eap ribbons1 or *eap jewell]y4 ,on la/ ,sunday ev5+ ,i 0 9 ! home ( a g5tleman 9 ,new ,york :o has 9 8 family a girl :o is n[ only eighte5 ye>s old1 & :o1 :5 %e came to ?is c\ntry a few ye>s ago & w5t to "w 9 ?is family z a maid1 c\ld n speak a ^w ( ,engli%4 ,?is girl n[ has fifte5 hundr$ doll>s 9 ! bank4 ,?9k ( x6 ,a "y woman com+ to ?is c\ntry poor1 & unable to speak a ^w ( ,engli%1 has sav$ 9 a %ort "t fifte5 hundr$ doll>s6 ,i wond] h[ _m ( y1 five ye>s f n[1 w h fifte5 hundr$ doll>s 9 ! bank or 9 "s o!r safe k9d ( prop]ty4 ,! civilization ( ,new ,engl& & ( o!r su* prosp]\s regions re/s m1 p]haps1 ^u ! sav+s banks ( ! c\ntry ?an ^u any o!r "o ?+4 ,y ask :]e ! weal? ( ,new ,engl& is4 ,x is n 9 ! h&s ( millionaires4 ,x is 9 ! h&s ( individuals1 :o h a few hundr$s or a few ?\s&s ( doll>s put safely away 9 "s bank or banks4 ,y w f9d t ! sav+s banks ( ,new ,engl&1 & ( all c\ntries t are prosp]\s1 are fill$ ) ! doll>s ( poor p1 doll>s aggregat+ millions 9 all4 ,we _c get ^u our feet1 z a p1 until we le>n ! sav+ habit2 until we le>n to save e nickel1 e dime & e doll> t we c sp>e4 ,,gr[? ,i want to impress ^u y ?is ev5+ ! importance ( cont9u$ gr[?4 ,i v mu* wi% t ea* "o ( y might imag9e1 ?is ev5+1 y\r fa!r & y\r "m to be look+ at y & exam9+ into e act ( y\r life :ile "h4 ,i wi% t y might feel1 z x 71 _! v he>t ?robs4 ,i wi% t y might realize1 p]haps z y h nev] realiz$ be=e1 h[ anxi\s !y are t y %\ld succe$ "h4 ,i wi% t y c\ld "k h[ _m pray]s !y s5d up1 day aft] day1 t y\r s*ool life may be m & m successful z "o day succe$s ano!r1 t y may gr[ to be successful1 /udi\s1 /rong m5 & wom51 :o w reflect cr$it ^u y\rselves & hon\r ^u y\r families4 ,ea* "o ( y mu/ h _h "s ?\ghts ab\t ^? :o are anxi\s ab\t y1 "s ?\ght = ^? p]sons ^: he>ts are v (t5 b[$ d[n 9 anxiety because !y fe> y\r s*ool life "h w n be successful4 ,n only = y\r own sake1 b = ! sake ( ^? :o are ne> & de> to y1 ^? :o h done m = y ?an anybody else1 ,i want y to make up y\r m9ds t ?is ye> is go+ to be ! be/ "o ( y\r lives4 ,i want y to resolve t y are go+ to put into ?is ye> ! h>de/ & ! mo/ e>ne/ "w t y h ev] done 9 y\r life1 to resolve t ?is is go+ to be ! greate/1 ! mo/ c\rage\s & ! mo/ s9less ye> ( life t y h ev] liv$2 ,i want y to make up y\r m9ds to d ?is2 to decide t y are go+ to cont9ually gr[--& gr[ m to-morr[ ?an to-day4 ,!re are b two directions 9 ?is life 9 :i* y c gr[2 backw>d or =w>d4 ,y c gr[ /rong]1 or y c gr[ weak]2 y c gr[ great]1 or small]2 b x w be impossible = y to /& /ill4 ,n[ 9 reg>d to y\r /udies2 y\r lessons4 ,i want y to make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to be m & m ?or\gh 9 y\r lessons ea* day y rema9 "h2 t y are go+ to s discipl9e y\rselves t ea* morn+ w f9d y 9 ! recitation rooms ) y\r lessons m ?or\ghly & m consci5ti\sly prep>$ = ! day's "w ?an !y 7 = ! "w ( ! day be=e4 ,i want y to make up y\r m9ds t y are go+ to be m ne>ly p]fect1 are go+ to put m manly & womanly /r5g? into ! prep>ation ( y\r lessons ea* day1 t y may be m useful4 ,!n y w f9d y\rselves want+ to gr[1 ,i hope2 w f9d y\rselves le>n+ ! dignity ( lab\r1 & t no class ( p c get up & /ay up1 c be /rong & useful & respect$1 until !y le>n t !re is no disgrace 9 any =m ( lab\r4 ,i hope y are le>n+ t lab\r ) ! h&1 9 any =m :atev]1 is n disgraceful4 ,i hope t y are le>n+1 day by day1 t all k9ds ( lab\r--:e!r ) ! m9d or ) ! h&--are hon\rable1 & t p only disgrace !mselves by be+ & keep+ 9 idl5ess4 ,i want y to g =w>d by ?or\ghness 9 y\r "w2 by be+ m consci5ti\s 9 y\r "w2 by lov+ y\r "w m to-day ?an y did ye/]day4 ,if y are n gr[+ 9 ^! respects--t is1 if y are n go+ =w>d--y are go+ backw>d1 & are n answ]+ ! purpose = :i* ?is in/itution 0 e/abli%$1 are n answ]+ ! purpose = :i* y\r p>5ts s5t y "h4 ,i want to emphasize ! fact t we want y to gr[ 9 ! direction ( "*--to gr[ /rong] ea* day 9 ! matt] ( "*4 ,:5 ,i say "*1 "h1 ,i mean to use ! ^w 9 its broade/ s5se4 ,! in/itution wants to f9d y gr[+ m polite to y\r fell[s e day1 z y come 9 contact ) !m1 :e!r x be 9 ! class-room1 9 ! %op1 9 ! field1 9 ! d9+-room1 or 9 y\r b$room4 ,no matt] :]e y are1 ,i want y to f9d y\rselves gr[+ m polite & g5tlemanly4 ,notice ,i d n say m]ely t ,i want y\r tea*]s--^? :o are ov] y--to f9d y gr[+ m polite2 ,i want y to f9d y\rselves s4 ,if y are n do+ ?is1 y are go+ backw>d1 y are go+ 9 ! wrong direction4 ,i want to f9d y ea* day m ?\ghtful ( o!rs1 & less selfi%4 ,i want y to be m consci5ti\s 9 y\r ?\ghts & 9 y\r "w1 & ) reg>d to y\r duty t[>d o!rs4 ,?is is gr[+ 9 ! "r direction2 n do+ ?is is gr[+ 9 ! wrong direction4 ,nor d ,i want y to feel t y are to /rive = ?is _s ( gr[? = ?is "o ye> alone1 or = ! "t t y are "h4 ,i hope t y w cont9ue to gr[ 9 ! =w>d direction4 ,!n1 & ?is is m important /ill1 we want y to take ?is habit ( gr[?--?is disposition to gr[ 9 ! "r direction--out ) y f ! s*ool1 & scatt] x z an influ5ce = good :]ev] y g4 ,we want y to take x into y\r s*ools2 = _m ( y are go+ to become tea*]s4 ,we want y n only to beg9 x :5 y beg9 tea*+ 9 an humble way1 b we want to see y gr[ & improve 9 x e ye>4 ,we want to see y make y\r s*ool-h\ses m attractive2 to see y make ev]y?+ 9 connection ) y\r s*ools & y\r tea*+ bett] & /rong]2 to see y make a s*ool m useful e ye> t y rema9 z its tea*]4 ,!n1 too1 :5 y g out & get employm5t--no matt] ( :at k9d x may be--we want to see y gr[ bett] 9 t employm5t2 we want to see y advance 9 ability1 comm&+ always a l>g] sal>y1 advanc+ 9 value to ^? :o employ y4 ,we want to see y gr[ 9 reputation = be+ hone/1 consci5ti\s1 intellig5t1 h>d-work+2 no matt] 9 :at capacity y are employ$4 ,"s ( y are go+ out to e/abli% homes & settle d[n 9 home life4 ,we want to see y gr[ 9 t direction4 ,no?+ is s di%e>t5+--!re is no?+ s disc\rag+--z to see a man or woman settle d[n 9 a home1 & !n n to see t home gr[ m beautiful1 inside & outside2--to see x1 in/ead ( ?is1 ea* ye> gr[ d+y & dirty1 because x ea* ye> receives less & less att5tion4 ,we want ,tuskegee /ud5ts to g out f "h & e/abli% homes t w be models 9 e respect = ^? ab\t !m--homes t w %[ t ! lives ( ! p]sons :o h e/abli%$ !m are models = ! lives ( ^? :o live ab\t !m4 ,if y d ?is1 y\r lives are go+ to be a con/ant go+ =w>d2 =1 ,i repeat1 y\r lives are go+ to be "o ?+ or ! o!r1 cont9ually go+ backw>d or cont9ually go+ =w>d4 ,,la/ ,,words ,we h come to ! close ( ano!r s*ool ye>4 ,"s ( y w g out f among u n[1 n to return4 ,o!rs w g home = ! summ] vacation & return at ! end ( t = ! next s*ool ye>4 ,z y g out1 !re is "o ?+ t ,i want to especially caution y ab\t4 ,don't g home & feel t y are bett] ?an ! re/ ( ! folks 9 y\r neighb\rhood because y h be5 away at s*ool4 ,don't g home & feel a%am$ ( y\r p>5ts because y ?9k !y don't "k z mu* z y ?9k y "k4 ,don't ?9k t y are too good to help !m4 ,x w\ld be bett] = y n to h any education1 ?an = y to g home & feel a%am$ ( y\r p>5ts1 or n want to help !m4 ,let me tell y ( "o ( ! mo/ enc\rag+ & mo/ helpful ?+s t ,i h kn[n ( 9 connection ) ! life ( our /ud5ts aft] !y leave ?is in/itution4 ,i 0 9 a ,s\!rn city1 & go+ ab\t among ! homes ( ! p ( our race4 ,among ^! homes ,i notic$ "o :i* 0 s neat look+ t x 0 conspicu\s4 ,i ask$ ! p]son :o 0 ) me1 ,h[ is x t ?is h\se is 9 su* good condition1 looks s mu* bett] ?an "s ( ! o!rs 9 ! neighb\rhood8 ,x is l ?is1 said ! man :o 0 accompany+ me4 ,! p :o live !re h a son :om !y s5t to y\r s*ool1 at consid]able self-d5ial to !mselves4 ,?is "y man came home f s*ool a few weeks ago4 ,= "s "t aft] he came back he did n h "w to keep him busy1 & s he employ$ 8 sp>e "t 9 fix+ up 8 p>5ts' home4 ,he fix$ ! ro( & *imney1 put new pal+s 9 ! f5ce :]e !y 7 ne$$ & did su* ?+s z t4 ,!n he got a /ock ( pa9t & pa9t$ ! h\se ?or\ghly1 two coats1 outside & 94 ,t is :y ! place looks s neat4 ,su* te/imony z t is v helpful4 ,x %[s t ! /ud5ts c>ry out f "h ! _s :i* we try to inculcate4 ,ano!r ?+4 ,g home & lead a simple life4 ,don't give ! impression t y ?9k education means sup]ficiality & dress4 ,be polite2 to :ite & col\r$ p1 bo?4 ,x is possible = y1 by pay+ he$ to ?is1 to d a great deal t[>d secur+ & pres]v+ pleasant relations betwe5 ! p ( bo? races 9 ! ,s\?4 ,try to h y\r mann]s 9 ?is respect s good t p w notice !m & ask :]e y h be51 at :at s*ool y le>n$ to be s polite4 ,y w f9d t polit5ess c\nts = a great deal1 n only 9 help+ y to get "w1 b 9 help+ y to keep x4 ,don't be a%am$ to g to *ur* & ,sunday s*ool1 to ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association & ! ,*ri/ian ,endeav\r ,society4 ,%[ t education has only deep5$ y\r int]e/ 9 su* ?+s4 ,h no go+ backw>d4 ,be clean1 9 y\r p]son1 y\r language & 9 y\r ?\ghts4 ,x seems appropriate dur+ ^! clos+ days ( ! s*ool ye> to re-emphasize1 if possible1 t = :i* ! in/itution /&s4 ,we want to h e /ud5t get :at we h--9 our egotism1 p]haps--call$ ! ,tuskegee _s2 t is1 to get hold ( ! _s ( ! in/itution1 get hold ( t = :i* x /&s2 & !n spread t _s j z widely z possible1 & plant x j z deeply z x is possible to plant x4 ,9 addition to ! memb]s ( our graduat+ class1 we h ea* ye> a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts :o g out to sp5d _! vacations4 ,"s ( ^! w return at ! close ( vacation1 b "s1 = v>i\s reasons1 w n return4 ,:e!r y g out z graduates1 :e!r y g out to return or n to return1 x is important t all ( y get hold ( ! ,tuskegee _s2 ! _s ( giv+ y\rselves1 9 ord] t y may help lift up o!rs4 ,9 no matt] h[ small a degree x may be1 see t y are assi/+ "s "o else4 ,n[1 aft] a numb] ( ye>s' exp]i5ce1 ! in/itution feels t x has rea*$ a po9t :]e x c1 ) "s degree ( au?ority1 give advice z to ! be/ way 9 :i* y c sp5d y\r life4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z to y\r location--! place :]e y %all "w4 ,i v mu* hope t ! l>g] "p ( ! /ud5ts :o g out f ,tuskegee w *oose ! c\ntry di/ricts = _! place ( "w1 r ?an ! l>ge cities4 ,= "o ?+1 y w f9d t ! l>g] places are mu* bett] suppli$ ) work]s & help]s ?an is true ( ! t[ns1 & especially ( ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,! cities are bett] suppli$ ) *ur*es & s*ools1 ) ev]y?+ t t5ds to uplift p2 & !y are at ! same "t mu* m prolific ( ^? ag5cies :i* t5d to pull p d[n4 ,not)/&+ ?is latt] fact1 ! great] portion1 by f>1 ( ^? :o ne$ help live 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,i ?9k a c5sus report w %[ t eighty p] c5t4 ( our p are to be f\nd 9 ! c\ntry & small t[ns4 ,i advise y1 !n1 to g into ! c\ntry & ! t[ns1 r ?an into ! cities4 ,!n1 z to ! mann] ( "w4 ,y mu/ make up y\r m9ds 9 ! fir/ place1 z ,i h said be=e1 t y are go+ to make "s sacrifice1 t y are go+ to live y\r lives 9 an unselfi% way1 9 ord] t y may help "s "o4 ,g out ) a _s t w n all[ y to become disc\rag$ :5 y h opposition1 :5 y meet ) ob/acles to be ov]come4 ,y mu/ g ) a det]m9ation t y are go+ to succe$ 9 :atev] und]tak+ y h ent]$ ^u4 ,i d n attempt to give y specific advice z to ! k9d ( "w y %all d1 b ,i %\ld say t 9 a g5]al way ,i believe t y c accompli% m good--& p]haps ?is w hold good = ! next fifty ye>s "h 9 ! ,s\?--by tak+ a c\ntry s*ool = y\r nucleus4 ,take a ?ree mon?s s*ool1 & gradually impress ^u ! p ( ! community ! ne$ ( hav+ a long] s*ool4 ,get !m to add "o mon? to ?ree mon?s1 & !n ano!r mon?1 until !y get to ! po9t :]e !y w h six1 sev5 or eight mon?s ( s*ool 9 a ye>4 ,!n get !m to :]e !y w see ! importance ( build+ a dec5t s*ool-h\se--gett+ out ( ! "o-room log cab9 s*ool-h\se--& ( hav+ suitable app>atus = in/ruction4 ,!re are two ?+s y mu/ fix y\r m9d on3 ! build+ ( a suitable s*ool-h\se & ! ar\s+ 9 ! p1 at ! same "t1 a _s t w make !m support y\r ef=ts4 ,9 ord] to d ?is y mu/ g into ! c\ntry ) ! idea ( /ay+ !re = "s "t at lea/4 ,plant y\rself 9 ! community1 & by economical liv+1 ye> by ye>1 manage to buy l& = y\rself1 on :i* to build a nice & com=table home4 ,y w f9d t ! long] y /ay !re ! m ! p w give y _! confid5ce1 & ! m !y w respect & love y4 ,i f9d t _m ( our graduates h done excell5t "w by hav+ a f>m 9 connection ) _! s*ools4 ,?is is true1 also1 ( _m :o did n rema9 "h to graduate4 ,i h 9 m9d su* a man4 ,he has be5 tea*+ s*ool 9 "o ( ! c\nties ( ?is ,/ate = sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,he has l5g!n$ ! s*ool ye> to eight mon?s4 ,he has a nice cottage ) f\r rooms 9 x1 & a beautiful f>m ( =ty acres4 ,?is man is c>ry+ out ! ,tuskegee idea4 ,!re w be "s ( y :o c sp5d y\r life to bett] advantage by devot+ x to f>m+ ?an to any o!r indu/ry4 ,i speak ( f>m+ p>ticul>ly1 because ,i believe t to be ! great f\ndation ^u :i* we mu/ build = ! future4 ,i believe t we are com+ to ! po9t :]e we are go+ to be recogniz$ = our wor? 9 ! proportion t we secure an agricultural f\ndation4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,s\? we c give ourselves 9 a free1 op5 way to gett+ hold ( prop]ty & build+ homes1 9 a way t we _c d 9 any o!r indu/ry4 ,9 f>m+1 z 9 tea*+1 no matt] :]e y g1 rememb] to g ) ! ,tuskegee _s4 ,i want ! boys to g out & d z ,mr4 ,n4 ,e4 ,h5ry is do+2 ,i want ! girls to g out & d z ,miss ,anna ,davis & ,miss ,lizzie ,wright are do+4 ,i want y to g out into ! c\ntry di/ricts & build up s*ools4 ,i w\ld n advise y to be too ambiti\s at fir/4 ,be will+ to beg9 ) a small sal>y & "w y\r way up gradually4 ,i h 9 m9d "o "y man :o began tea*+ s*ool = five doll>s a mon?2 ano!r :o began tea*+ 9 ! op5 air "u a tree4 ,!n1 too1 ,i want y to g out 9 a _s ( lib]ality t[>d ! :ite p ) :om y come 9 contact4 ,t is an important matt]4 ,:5 ,i say ?is ,i d n mean t y %all g l[]+ y\r manhood or y\r dignity4 ,g 9 a manly way1 9 a /raight=w>d & hon\rable way1 & !n y w %[ ! :ite p t y are n ( a belittl+ race1 t ! prejudice :i* s _m p possess _c come among y & ^? ) :om y "w4 ,if y c ext5d a help+ h& to a :ite p]son1 feel j z happy 9 do+ s z 9 help+ a black p]son4 ,9 ! sight ( ,god !re is no col\r l9e1 & we want to cultivate a _s t w make u =get t !re is su* a l9e any:]e4 ,we want to be l>g] & broad] ?an ! p :o w\ld oppress u on acc\nt ( our col\r4 ,no "o ev] loses any?+ by be+ a g5tleman or a lady4 ,no p]son ev] lo/ any?+ by be+ broad4 ,rememb] t if we are k9d & useful1 if we are moral1 if we g out & practise ^! traits1 no matt] :at p say ab\t u1 !y _c pull u d[n4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if we are )\t ! _s ( usefulness1 if we are )\t morality1 )\t lib]ality1 )\t economy & prop]ty1 )\t all ^? qualities :i* g to make a p & a nation great & /rong1 no matt] :at we may say ab\t ourselves & :at o!r p may say ab\t u1 we are los+ gr\nd4 ,nobody c give u ^? qualities m]ely by prais+ u & talk+ well ab\t u2 & :5 we possess !m1 nobody c take !m f u by speak+ ill ( u4