,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,! precise location ( footnote #cg is speculative s9ce x is n indicat$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,al-,b]tuni is only m5tion$ once 9 ! book1 ) an an*or to a footnote :i* is n pres5t4 ,! an*or has n be5 includ$4 ,! fir/ footnote to *apt] ,,vii has no an*or1 nor any m5tion ( ! app>5t topic )9 ! *apt] s x has n be5 index$4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic1 & sup]scripts ?us ye4 ,,_w ,,wor%ips ,,s]ies ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/ianity1 9 #d ,volumes4 ,by ,&rew ,/eph5son ,,sex ,,wor%ip ,,& ,,symbolism ,,( ,,primitive ,,races4 ,by ,sang] ,br[n1 ,,ii4 ,,devil ,,wor%ip1 ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,books ,,& ,,traditions ,,( ,,! ,,yezidiz4 ,by ,isya ,joseph4 ,,zoroa/rianism ,,& ,,judaism4 ,by ,george ,william ,c>t]4 ,,messiahs3 ,,*ri/ian ,,& ,,pagan4 ,by ,wilson ,d4 ,wallis4 ,,! ,,deep] ,,aspects ,,( ,,roman ,,emp]or-,,wor%ip4 ,by ,l\is ,mat!ws ,sweet4 ,,ri*>d ,g4 ,,badg]1 ,,publi%]1 ,,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,symbol ,,( ,,! ,,devil4 ,,devil ,,wor%ip ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,books ,,& ,,traditions ,,( ,,! ,,yezidiz ,,by ,,isya ,,joseph1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,a41 ,,ph4,d4 ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,,ri*>d ,g4 ,,badg] ,,! ,,gorham ,,press ,copyright1 #aiai1 by ,ri*>d ,g4 ,badg] ,all rights res]v$ ,! ,gorham ,press1 ,bo/on1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,,to ,,my ,,tea*]s ,,9 ,,union ,,!ological ,,sem9>y1 ,,columbia1 ,,& ,,h>v>d ,,univ]sities1 ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,) ,,gratitude ,,& ,,e/eem ,,cont5ts ,*apt] ,page ,,introduction--,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,manuscript #aa ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,introduction #bb ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,translation ,,( ,,! ,,arabic ,,text ,,preface1 ,,9 ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,compassionate ,,god #bi ,i4 ,,al-,,jilwah--,,! ,,revelation #cj ,,ii4 ,,ma%af ,,res--,,! ,,black ,,book #cf ,,iii4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,"p ,i4 #ec ,,iv4 ,,! ,,poem ,,9 ,,praise ,,( ,,ei #8,,adi #gj ,v4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,pray] ,,( ,,! ,,yezidis #gc ,,vi4 ,,sev5 ,,classes ,,( ,,yezidis #ge ,,vii4 ,,! ,,articles ,,( ,,fai? #gg ,,notes ,,on ,,"p ,i4 #hc ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,critical ,,discussion ,,( ,,yezidism ,i4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,yezidis #hi ,i4 ,! ,yezidi ,my? #hi ,,ii4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,tradition #if ,,iii4 ,! ,speculative ,!ories ( ,we/]n ,ori5tali/s #ajc ,,iv4 ,! ,dogmatic ,view ( ,mohamm$an ,s*ol>s & ! ,writ]'s ,own ,explanation #aah ,notes on ,"p ,i4 #ach ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ess5tial ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,yezidism #ade ,i4 ,! ,yezidi ,view ( ,god #ade ,,ii4 ,! ,deity ( ! ,second ,degree #adg #a4 ,melek s #adg #b4 ei #8,ad #aeh #c4 ,yezid #aff ,notes on ,*apt] ,,ii4 #afg ,,iii4 ,,o!r ,,deities ,,& ,,fe/ivals #afi ,i4 ,! ,s-,call$ ,sev5 ,div9ities #afi ,,ii4 ,! ,day ( ,s>sal or ,new ,ye> #agd ,notes on ,*apt] ,,iii4 #agg ,,iv4 ,,sacram5ts1 ,,religi\s ,,obs]vances ,,& ,,sac]dotal ,,sy/em #agh ,i4 ,sacram5ts #agh ,,ii4 ,"s ,o!r ,religi\s ,practices #ahj ,,iii4 ,! ,sac]dotal ,ord]s #ahb ,notes on ,*apt] ,,iv4 #ahe ,v4 ,,_! ,,cu/oms #ahf ,i4 ,m>riage #ahf ,,ii4 ,fun]als #aib ,,iii4 ,nationality #aid ,,iv4 ,locality #aie ,v4 ,dwell+s #aig ,,vi4 ,! ,language #aih ,,vii4 ,occupation #aih ,notes on ,*apt] ,v4 #bjj ,,vi4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,yezidi ,,tribes #bja ,! ,tribes ,across ! ,riv] f ,mosul #bja ,! ,tribes at ,s9j> & ,jezireh #bjb ,! ,tribes ( ,midyat ,region #bjc ,,vii4 ,,p]secution #bje ,notes on ,*apt] ,,vii4 #baj ,,bibliography #bac ,,index #bai ,,devil ,,wor%ip ,,introduction ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,manuscript ,! ,arabic manuscript "h translat$ 0 pres5t$ to me be=e ,i left ,mosul by my fri5d ,dud a- z a mem5to ( our fri5d%ip4 awja a- 0 a man ( culture1 9 sympa?y ) we/]n ?\ght1 & an intimate acqua9tance ( ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ! vice-consul ( ! ,fr5* ,republic 9 ,mosul4 ,f ! fir/ page ( ! manuscript x appe>s t ?r\gh "s ,yezidis he _h access to _! lit]ature4 ,i "k he 0 9 close t\* ) _m ( !m1 especially ) ! family ( ,mulla aid>1 :i* is ! only ,yezidi family t c read & gu>d ! sacr$ tradition ( ! sect4 ,! manuscript comprises a brief ,introduction1 ! ,sacr$ ,books1 & an ,app5dix4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! compil] indicates ! s\rces ( 8 in=mation & gives a sket* ( ! life ( ei #8,ad1 ! *ief sa9t ( ! ,yezidis4 ,! ,sacr$ ,books comprise ,kitb al-,jilwah 7,book ( ,revelation71 & ,maaf ,r 7,black ,book7--s nam$ because 9 x m5tion is made ( ! desc5t ( ! ,"l ^u ! ,black ,m\nta9 7p4 #cb74 ,al ,jilwah#a is ascrib$ to ei #8,ad himself1 & w\ld accord+ly date f ! twelf? c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,x is divid$ into a brief introduction & five %ort *apt]s4 ,9 ea*1 #8,ad is repres5t$ z ! speak]4 ,9 ! ,preface ! ei says t he exi/$ ) ,melek ,ts be=e ! creation ( ! _w1 & t he 0 s5t by 8 god ,ts to in/ruct ! ,yezidi sect 9 tru?4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] he ass]ts 8 omnipres5ce & omnipot5ce2 9 ! second he claims to h p[] to rew>d ^? :o obey him & to puni% ^? :o disobey him2 9 ! ?ird he decl>es t he possesses ! treasures ( ! e>?2 9 ! f\r? he w>ns 8 foll[]s ( ! doctr9es ( ^? t are )\t2 & 9 ! fif? he bids !m keep 8 comm&m5ts & obey 8 s]vants1 :o w communicate to !m 8 tea*+s4 ,! ,black ,book1#b :i* p]haps dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is l>g] ?an ! ,book ( ,revelation1 b is n divid$ into *apt]s4 ,x beg9s ) ! n>rative ( creation3 ,god f9i%es 8 "w 9 sev5 days--,sunday to ,saturday4 ,9 ea* day he creates an angel or k+ 7melek74 ,melek s1 :o is creat$ on ,sunday1 is made *ief ( all4 ,aft] t ,fahr-ad ,dn creates ! planets1 man1 & animals4 ,!n foll[s a /ory ab\t ,adam & ,eve1 _! temptation & qu>rel2 ! com+ ( ! *ief angels to ! _w to e/abli% ! ,yezidi k+dom2 ! flood2 ! miracul\s bir? ( ,yezd bn ,mu#8awiya2 & c]ta9 ord9ances 9 reg>d to food1 ! ,new ,ye>1 & m>riages4 ,! ,app5dix conta9s ! foll[+3 #a4 ,a collection ( mat]ials conc]n+ ! ,yezidi belief & practice4 #b4 ,a poem 9 praise ( ei #8,ad4 #c4 ,! pr9cipal pray] ( ! ,yezidis1 9 ! ,kurdi% language4 #d4 ,a description ( ! ,yezidi sac]dotal sy/em4 #e4 ,a petition to ! ,ottoman gov]nm5t to exempt ! sect f milit>y s]vice1 pres5t$ 9 ! ye> #ahgb ,a4 ,d4 ,an analysis ( ! texts %[s t ! mat]ial is tak5 f diff]5t s\rces3 "p ( x is cle>ly d]iv$ f ! religi\s books ( ! sect2 ano!r "p f a description ( ! beliefs & cu/oms ( ! sect giv5 by a memb] ( x to an outsid]2 a ?ird1 p>tly f obs]vations by an outsid]1 p>tly f /ories ab\t ,yezidis curr5t among _! ,*ri/ian neighbors4 ,un=tunately ! compil] does n specify :5ce ea* p>ticul> "p ( 8 in=mation is obta9$4 ,on clos] exam9ation x is evid5t t "p1 at lea/1 ( ! ,arabic 9 h& is a translation f ,syriac4 ,! ,yezidis1 frequ5tly call$ 8,devil-,wor%ipp]s10 are a small & obscure religi\s sect1 numb]+ ab\t #bjj1jjj4c ,!y are scatt]$ ov] a belt ( t]ritory ?ree hundr$ miles wide1 ext5d+ 9 l5g? f ! neighborhood ( ,aleppo 9 nor!rn ,syria to ! ,caucasus 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,! mass ( !m1 h[ev]1 are to be f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( nor!rn & c5tral ,kurdi/an & among ! ,s9j> ,hills ( ,nor!rn ,mesopotamia4 ,by reason ( _! my/]i\s religion1 ! ,devil-,wor%ip]s h be5 an object ( int]e/ & inve/igation = sev]al g5]ations4 ,our *ief fir/h& s\rces ( in=mation 9 reg>d to ! mann]s1 cu/oms1 & practices ( ^! p are3 ,sir ,h5ry ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & its ,rema9s 7#ahdi71 ,n9eveh & ,babylon 7#ahec72 ,g4 ,p4 ,badg]1 ,! ,ne/orians & _! ,rituals 7#aheb72 my honor$ tea*]1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 vet]an mission>y ( ! ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4,m41 resid5t 9 ,m>d91 ,mesopotamia1 8,! ,yezidis10 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ( ,missions2 ,p4 ,ana/ase1 8,! ,yezidis10 9 ! ,arabic p]iodical1 ,al-,marik1 ,vol4 ,,ii 7#ahii72 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,p]sia ,pa/ & ,pres5t 7#aijf72 8,! ,yezidis10 9 ! ,int]national ,encyclopa$ia1 s4 v42 also 9 ,j ,a ,o ,s1 ,,xxv1 #agh2 ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 9 ! ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahhb 7viie srie1 ,t4 #bj71 p4 #beb1 & #ahhe 7viiie srie1 ,t4 #e71 p4 #gh4 ,si\ffi 0 ! fir/ to discov] & e/abli% ! hi/orical "* ( ei #8,ad1 ab\t :om ! s*ol>s _h be5 puzzl$4 ,he publi%$ an extract relat+ to #8,ad f ,ibn allikn's ,wafaiyt #8al-,ayn 7bibliographical "w74 ,( ! second-h& s\rces ( in=mation may be m5tion$ ,les ,yezidis1 by ,j4 ,m5ant 7,p>is1 #ahib71 & ! article by ,victor ,d+el/$t1 8,! ,yezidis10 9 ! ,scotti% ,geographical ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,xiv1 pp4 #bei ff4#d ,9 addition to ^! descriptions1 sev]al manuscripts h come to light ( rec5t ye>s :i* give a great deal ( in=mation ab\t ! beliefs & cu/oms ( ! ,yezidis4 ,two ( ^! manuscripts are 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 9 ,p>is 7,fond ,syriaque1 ,nos4 #cjf & #cbe74 ,a translation ( ! ,arabic 7,c>%uni7 texts 9 ^! manuscripts relative to ! ,yezidis 0 publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,h4 ,br[ne 9 an app5dix to ,o4 ,h4 ,p>ry1 ,six ,mon?s 9 a ,syrian ,mona/]y1 #ahie4 ,pr(essor ,br[ne at t "t propos$ to edit ! ,arabic text 7see ,j4-,b4 ,*abot1 ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahif1 ixe srie1 ,t4 #g1 p4 #ajj72 b s f> z ,i c asc]ta9 ?is int5tion has n be5 c>ri$ out4 ,! manuscript translat$ by ,br[ne1 :i* accord+ to ,p>ry 7loc4 cit41 p4 #ceg7 0 writt5 by a native ( ,mosul1 seems to be closely relat$ to t translat$ bel[4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s diff]5ces 9 cont5ts & arrangem5t3 my copy is divid$ into ! ,book ( ,revelation1 ! ,black ,book1 & an ,app5dix2 :ile ,br[ne's embraces ! ,book ( ,revelation :i* corresponds to t 9 my manuscript71 & two o!r 8,acc\nts10 ! great] "p ( :i* is conta9$ 9 ! ,black ,book ( my text1 & ! re/ 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,fur!r1 9 my manuscript ,al-,jilwah imm$iately foll[s ! ,introduction2 :ile 9 ,br[ne's ! discussion ( ! sac]dotal sy/em1 ! petition to ! ,ottoman gov]nm5t1 & "s o!r matt]s1 are ins]t$ betwe5 ! ,introduction & ,al-,jilwah4 ,9 ,br[ne's1 moreov]1 ! ,poem 9 ,praise ( ei #8,ad1 & ! ,pr9cipal ,pray] 79 ,kurdi%7 are abs5t1 :ile ! petition to ! ,turki% gov]nm5t is brief]1 & lacks articles iv & xiv4 ,! text ( ?is petition1 9 its orig9al =m1 0 publi%$ by ,lidzb>ski 9 ,z ,d ,m ,g1 ,,li1 #eib ff41 aft] a manuscript 9 ,b]l9 :i* 0 procur$ f ammas ,eremia amir4 ,two ,syriac texts h also be5 pr9t$4 ,! fir/1 edit$ & translat$ by ,j4-,b4 ,*abot 9 ! ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahif 7ixe srie1 ,t4 #g71 p4 #ajj ff41 f ! ,p>is manuscripts ref]r$ to above1 corresponds1 ) slight v>iations1 to ! second 8,acc\nt10 ( ,br[ne 7,p>ry1 loc4 cit41 pp4 #chj-hg74 ,! second 0 publi%$ ) an ,italian translation1 by ,samuel ,giamil1 "u ! title1 ,monte ,s+>2 ,/oria di un ,popolo ,ignoto 7,rome1 #aijj71 f a manuscript copi$ = him 9 #ahii f an orig9al 9 ! mona/]y ( ,rabban ,hormizd4 ,! au?or ( ?is "w1 a ,syrian prie/1 ,isaac1 liv$ = a long "t among ! ,yezidis1 & n only _h unusual opportunities ( obs]vation1 b1 z is evid5t f sev]al anecdotes1 possess$ _! confid5ce & e/eem 9 a s+ul> degree4 ,8 "w is 9 cate*etical =m3 a y\?ful ,yezidi inquir] que/ions a tea*] ab\t ! beliefs1 traditions1 & cu/oms ( 8 p1 & ! answ]s conta9 ! fulle/ exposition ( ^! matt]s we at pres5t possess4 ,occasionally ! au?or falls out ( 8 role1 & lets x appe> t ! que/ion] is no o!r ?an ,prie/ ,isaac himself4 ,! "w is divid$ into t5 sections1 :i* treat respectively ( ! works ( ,god & 8 abode 7p4 #c72 ! creation ( ,adam & ,eve 7p4 #h72 ! wond]ful de$s ( ! god ,yezd 7p4 #af72 ! ,yezidi sa9ts 7p4 #bg72 ! ,new-,ye> 7p4 #cb72 m>riage cu/oms 7p4 #df72 dea? & burial 7p4 #ec72 ! pilgrimage to ei #8,ad's %r9e 7p4 #fg72 ! fe/ivals & assemblies at ei #8,ad 7p4 #hj72 & ! ,yezidi k+s 7p4 #hg74 ,ap>t f ! ,kitb al-,jilwah1 ,prie/ ,isaac's "w is cle>ly ! s\rce f :i* is d]iv$ mo/ ( ! mat]ial 9 ! ,syriac & ,arabic manuscripts t h hi!rto come to light4 ,beside ! ,arabic manuscript f ,dud a- :i* is translat$ bel[1 ,i h 9 my possession two o!rs1 :i* 7 s5t me by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus4 ,! fir/ ( ^! writt5 by ammas ,eremia amir 7designat$ 9 ! notes h]eaft] z ,,ss71 seems to be a duplicate ( t f :i* ,br[ne's translation 0 made4 ,!y agree 9 cont5ts & arrangem5t1 & 9 c]ta9 read+s 9 :i* !y diff] f ! o!r texts4 ,at ! close ( ,,ss ! writ] says t he compil$ x 7*iefly f ,al-,jilwah7 = ! b5efit ( "s ( 8 fri5ds :o wi%$ to acqua9t !mselves ) ! ,yezidi religion4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,yezidi sect has be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion1 b no satisfactory solution ( ! problem has z yet be5 rea*$4 ,!re are ^? :o ass]t t ! ,yezidis are ! rema9s ( ! anci5t ,mani*aeans2#e o!rs ent]ta9 ! view t ! ,yezidis 7 orig9ally ,*ri/ians1 :om progressive ignorance has br\ght into _! pres5t condition#f--"s ev5 go+ s f> z to connect ! "n 8,yezidi0 ) 8,jesus06#g ,"s ?9k t ! ,yezidi sect takes its "n f ! ,p]sian ^w yazd1 #8god1 or good _s1' ov] aga9/ ,ahriman1 ! evil pr9ciple2#h :ile o!rs associate x ) ,yazd or ,yezid1 a t[n 9 c5tral ,p]sia1 ! inhabitants ( :i* are *iefly ,p>sees4#i ,"s f9ally ma9ta9 t ! sect 0 f\nd$ by ei #8,ad4#aj ,! ,yezidis !mselves _h a curi\s leg5d connect+ ! "n ) ! ,caliph ,yezd bn ,mu#8wiya#aa 7see p4 #cg74 ,9 a diss]tation pres5t$ = ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,i call$ att5tion to a /atem5t ( a-ahra/n ! importance ( :i* seems hi!rto n to h be5 appreciat$1 b :i* appe>s to me to give ! mo/ probable explanation ( ! "n & ( ! orig9al aff9ities ( ! sect4 ,! passage is z foll[s 7,kitb al ,milal wan-,nihal1 ed4 ,cureton1 ,i1 #aja73 ,! ,yezidis are ! foll[]s ( ,yezd bn ,unaisa1 :o kept fri5d%ip ) ! fir/ ,muhakkama1 be=e ! ,az>ia2 he sep>at$ himself f ^? :o foll[$ aft] !m ) ! exception ( ! ,abadiyah1#ab = ) ^! he kept fri5dly4 ,he believ$ t ,god w\ld s5d an apo/le f among ! ,p]sians1 & w\ld reveal to him a book t is already writt5 9 heav51 & w\ld reveal ! :ole 7book7 to him at "o "t1#ac & z a result he w\ld leave ! religion ( ,mohamm$1 ! ,*os5 ,"o--may ,god bless & save him6--& foll[ ! religion ( ! ,sabians m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran4#ad 7,^! are n ! ,sabians :o are f\nd 9 arn & ,wasit4#ae7 ,b ,yezd associat$ himself ) ! p ( ! ,book :o recogniz$ ! ,*os5 ,"o z a prophet1 ev5 ?\gh !y did n accept 8 7,mohamm$'s7 religion4 ,& he said t ! foll[]s ( ! ord9ances are among ^? :o agree ) him2 b t o!rs are hid+ ! tru? & give companions to ,god1 & t e s91 small or great1 is idolatry4#af ,! /atem5t ( ,a-ahra/n is s cle> t x c be> no o!r int]pretation ?an t ! ,yezidis 7 ! foll[]s ( ,yezd bn ,unaisa4 ,he calls !m 8 ab1 t is1 8 foll[]s1 a t]m by :i* he designates ! relation betwe5 a sect & its f\nd]4#ag ,! /atem5t comes f ! p5 ( "o :o is consid]$ ( ! highe/ au?ority among ! ,arab s*ol>s on que/ions relat+ to philosophical & religi\s sects4#ah ,?is precise def9ition ( ! position ( ,yezd bn ,unaisa 9 ! sect>ian conflicts ( ! fir/ c5tury ( ,islam seems to %[ t he _h exact in=mation ab\t him4 ,! pr$iction ab\t ! ,p]sian prophet is quot$1 almo/ 9 ! same words1 by ano!r great ,mohamm$an au?ority on religi\s sects1 ,ibn azm1 :o liv$ a c5tury be=e ,a-ahra/n4 7,! ,egyptian edition ( ,ibn azm1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #ahh1 reads ,zaid bn ,abi ,ubaisa2 b t ,unaisa %\ld be re/or$ is evid5t f ! fact t ,ibn azm is at pa9s to di/+ui% ! au?or ( ?is unor?odox pr$iction f ! well-kn[n traditioni/ ( ! "n--e4 g41 ,tab>i1 ,i1 #ace4ai ,! prophecy 0 p]haps pres]v$ among ! lead]s ( ! ,abaiya1 ) :i* sect ,yezd bn ,unaisa is associat$4 ,a-ahra/n's /atem5t1 ! significant "p ( :i* we h f\nd also 9 ,ibn azm 0 d\btless d]iv$ f an old] writt5 s\rce4 ,:o is int5d$ by ! com+ ,p]sian prophet--if1 inde$1 any p>ticul> individual is meant--x is n possible to det]m9e4 ,krem]#bj _c be "r 9 id5tify+ him ) ei #8,ad1 = ! suppos$ pr$iction 0 9 circulation a c5tury or m be=e 8 "t4 ,he is said to h be51 n a ,p]sian1 b a ,syrian f ,baalbek or else:]e 9 ! ,we/2 & bo? 9 ,arabic au?ors#ba & 9 8 own writ+s#bb he appe>s z a ,moslem1 a ,sufi sa9t 9 good /&+4 ,! ,yezidis to ?is day await ! appe>ance ( ! ,p]sian prophet4#bc ,on ! basis ( ^! scanty bits ( fact1 x appe>s t3 ,! ,yezidis 7 orig9ally a arijite#bd sub-sect1 ak9 to ! ,abadiya1 be>+ ! "n ( _! f\nd]1 ,yezd bn ,unaisa4 ,c]ta9 di/9ctive arijite peculi>ities seem inde$ to h outliv$ among !m ! common fai? ( ,islam2 su* z ! tol]ant judgm5t ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians2 ! condemnation ( e s9 z implicit idolatry4 ,9 _! new seats 9 ,kurdi/an1 :i!r !y migrat$ ab\t ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury#be !y 7 drawn into ! movem5t ( :i* ei #8,ad 0 9 8 life "t ! lead] & aft] 8 dea? ! sa9t1 & end$ by mak+ ( him ! inc>nation ( ,god 9 ! pres5t age4#bf ,) ?is !y jo9$ elem5ts drawn f ,*ri/ianity1#bg ) "h & !re a trace ( ,judaism1 & ) l>ge survivals ( ! p]si/5t old ,semitic hea!nism1 _m ( :i* !y %>e ) _! neighbors ( all cre$s4 ,difficult problems1#bh h[ev]1 rema9 unsolv$1 especially ! orig9 & nature ( ! wor%ip ( ,melek s4#bi ,! c]ta9 ?+ is t ! actual religion ( ! ,yezidis is a syncretism1 to :i* ,moslem1 ,*ri/ian 7h]etical1 r ?an or?odox71 pagan1 & p]haps also ,p]sian religions h contribut$4#cj ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,introduction #a ,al-,jilwah is said to h be5 writt5 9 #eeh ,a4 ,h41 by ei ,far-ad-,dn1 ! secret>y ( ei #8,ad1 at ! dictation ( ! latt]4 ,! orig9al copy1 wrapp$ 9 l95 & silk wrapp+s1 is kept 9 ! h\se ( ,mulla aid>1 ( ,baadrie4 ,twice a ye> ! book is tak5 to ei #8,ad's %r9e4 7,lett] f ammas ,j]emia amir to ,mr4 ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 ( ,m>d91 dat$ ,octob] #bh1 #ahib47 #b ,! ,black ,book is said to h be5 writt5 by a c]ta9 asan al-,bar1 9 #gdc ,a4 ,h4 ,! orig9al copy is kept 9 ! h\se ( ,kehyah 7*ief7 #8,ali1 ( ,kasr #8,az-ad-,dn1 "o h\r we/ ( ,semale1 a village ea/ ( ,tigris4 ,! book re/s ^u a ?rone1 hav+ ov] x a ?9 cov]+ ( r$ broadclo?1 ( l951 & o!r wrapp+s4 ,!n is disclos$ ! b9d+1 :i* is ( wood4 #c ,! exact numb] ( ! ,yezidis is unkn[n4 ,see also ,socit de ,gographie de l',e/1 ,bullet91 #aijc1 p4 #bhd2 ,al ,mari1 ,,ii1 #hcd4 #d ,= a full] acc\nt ( ! lit]ature on ! ,yezidis1 consult ,j4 ,m5ant1 ,les ,yzidis1 & ,paul ,p]drizet1 ,socit de ,gographie de l',e/1 ,bullet91 #aijc1 pp4 #bha ff4 #e ,socit de ,gographie de l',e/1 ,bullet91 #aijc1 p4 #big4 #f ,fras]1 ,mesopotamia & ,p]sia1 pp4 #bhe1 #bhg2 ,ri*1 ,resid5ce 9 ,kurdi/an1 ,,ii1 #fi2 ,al ,mari1 ,,ii1 #cif2 ,badg]1 ,! ,ne/orians & _! ,rituals1 ,i1 #aaa2 ,assemani1 ,biblio!ca ,ori5talis1 ,,iii1 #dci4 #g ,mi*el ,febvre1 ,!atre de la ,turquie1 p4 #cfd2 ,socit de ,gographie de l#8,e/1 ,bullet91 #aijc1 pp4 #bii1 #cja2 cf4 also ,j4 ,m5ant1 ,les ,yzidis1 pp4 #eb1 #hf1 #acb4 #h ,opp5heim1 ,vom ,mittelme] zum p]sis*5 ,golf1 #aijj1 ,,ii1 #adh2 ,victor ,d+el/$t1 ,scotti% ,geographical ,magaz9e1 ,,xiv1 #bie2 ,s\?gate1 ,a ,t\r ?r\gh ,arm5ia1 ,,ii1 #cag2 ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 8,yezidis10 9 ! ,new ,int]national ,encyclop$ia1 ,,xvii1 #ici2 ,p]drizet1 loc4 cit41 p4 #bii4 #i ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 ,p]sia ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 p4 #aj1 ,new ,int]national ,encyclop$ia1 8,yezidis20 ,p]drizet1 loc4 cit4 #aj ,d+el/$t1 loc4 cit42 ,revue de l',ori5t ,*rti51 ,i1 8,kurdi/an40 #aa ,socit de ,gographie de l',e/1 loc4 cit42 ,encyclop$ia ( ,missions1 8,yezidis02 ,a4 ,v4 ,williams ,jackson1 loc4 cit4 #ab ,on ^! sects consult ,a-ahra/n1 ,i1 #hf1 #hi1 #ajj4 #ac ,n l ,mohamm$1 to :om1 accord+ to ,moslem belief1 ! ,koran 0 reveal$ at int]vals4 #ad ,on ! abians ( ! ,koran1 see ,baiwi & ,zamaari on ,suras #b1 #ei2 #e1 #gc2 #bb1 #ag4 #ae ,on ! abians ( arrn1 see ,fihri/1 p4 #aij2 on ! abians 9 g5]al consult ,a-ahra/n1 ,,ii1 #bjc2 on ! location ( arrn & ,wasit1 see ,yat1 ,,ii1 #cca1 & ,,iv1 #hha4 #af ,to get m p>ticul> in=mation 9 reg>d to ,yezd bn ,unaisa1 ,i wrote to ,mosul1 ,bagdad1 & ,cairo1 ! ?ree c5t]s ( ,mohamm$an le>n+1 & /range to say1 none c\ld ?r[ any light on ! subject4 #ag ,al-,h>aiyah he describes z ,ab ,al-are 7,i1 #aja71 al-afaziyah1 ,ab afez 7ibid471 etc4 #ah ,ibn allikn says3 8,a-ahra/n1 a dogmatic !ologian ( ! ,aarite sect1 0 di/+ui%$ z an ,imm & a doctor ( ! law4 ,he display$ ! highe/ abilities z a jurisconsult4 ,! ,kitb al-,milal wa-n-,nihal 7?is is ! book 9 :i* ,a-ahra/n traces ! ,yezidi sect to ,yezd bn ,unaisa7 is "o ( 8 works on s*ola/ic !ology4 ,he rema9$ )\t an equal 9 t bran* ( sci5ce40 #ai ,x is to be notic$ also t ! "n 8,unaisa0 is v common among ! ,arabs2 cf4 ,ibn ,sa#8ad 7ed4 ,sa*au71 ,,iii1 #bed1 #bfj1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhg1 #bhi2 ,musnad1 ,,vi1 #dcd2 ,mi%kat1 #bb1 #gbd4 #bj ,ges*i*te d] h]rs*5d5 ,ide5 des ,islams1 p4 #aie4 #ba ,ibn allikn 7,egyptian edit41 ,a4 ,h4 #acaj71 ,i1 #caf2 ,mohamm$ al-#8,om>i1 al-,mauili1 8ei #8,ad10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal asiatique1 #ahhe1 #hj2 ,yaut1 ,,iv1 #cgd4 #bb #8,itiad ,ahl z-,sunna1 8,belief ( ! ,sunnites10 ! ,waaya1 8,c\nsels to ! ,califs02 cf4 ,c4 ,hu>t1 ,hi/ory ( ,arabic ,lit]ature1 p4 #bgc4 #bc ,see p4 #fa ( ?is book4 #bd ,a-ahra/n reg>ds !m a arijte sub-sect4 #be ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & its ,rema9s1 ,,ii1 #bed4 #bf ,mohamm$ al-#8,om>i al-,mausili & ,ysn al-tib al-#8,om>i al-,mauili1 8ei #8,ad10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal asiatique1 ,srie viii1 ,v 7#ahhe71 #hj4 #bg ,george ,w>da1 ,bi%op ( ,arbila1 ,poems1 edit$ by ,he9ri* ,hilg5feld1 ,leipzig1 #aijd4 #bh ,su* z _! c]emonies at ei #8,ad 7,badg]1 ,! ,ne/orians1 ,i1 #aag71 :i* h obta9$ = !m ! "n ,*]a ,sond]an1 8,! ,ext+ui%]s ( ,light40 ,b> ,hebraeus 7,*ronicon ,eccles41 ed4 ,abeloos-,lamy1 ,i1 #bai7 speaks ( simil> practices among :at he calls 8,borborians10 a bran* ( ! ,mani*aeans1 & calls !m 8,! ,ext+ui%]s ( ,light40 ,?is "n is appli$ to o!r ea/]n sects also2 see ,abh&lung5 fr die ,kunde des ,morg5l&es1 ,v1 #abd4 #bi ,pr(essor ,jackson1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 seems to trace x to ! 8old devil-wor%ip 9 ,maz&>an0 7,j ,a ,o ,s1 ,,xxv1 #agh74 ,b x is n c]ta9 t ! ,yezidis believe 9 ,melek s z an evil _s4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( religion ! god ( "o p is ! devil ( ano!r4 ,asura is a deity 9 ! ,rig ,v$a & an evil _s only 9 lat] ,brahman !ology4 ,9 ,islam ! gods ( hea!nism are degrad$ into j9ns1 j z ! gods ( ,nor? ,semitic hea!nism are call$ e#8rm 7hairy demons7 9 ,lev4 #ag3g2 or z ! gods ( ,greece & ,rome became devils to e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,see ,w4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #abj2 ,fihri/1 pp4 #cbb1 #cbf4 ,pr(essor ,m4 ,lidzb>ski 7,z ,d ,m ,g1 ,,li1 #eib71 on ! o!r h&1 argues t s is ! god ,tammuz4 ,8 cont5tion is bas$ on ! assumption t ! ^w s mu/ embody ! anci5t god2 t 9 ,fihri/1 #cbb1 ! god ,tuz has a fea/ on ! #ae? ( ,tammuz 7,july72 t 9 ,kurdi%1 ! language ( ! ,yezidis1 m is frequ5tly *ang$ to w4 ,?is !ory also is unt5able1 = "o might guess at any anci5t god4 ,! exact =m ( ! "n 8,tauz0 is unc]ta9 7see ,*wolsohn1 ,die ,ssabi]1 ,,ii1 #bjb72 ! /atem5t t 9 ,kurdi% m is frequ5tly *ang$ to w is n true1 if "o w\ld set x up z a grammatical rule to expla9 su* ph5om5a2 ! ,kurdi%-speak+ p nev] pron\nce ,tammuz1 8,tauz20 &1 f9ally1 9 ! ,yezidi conception ( ,melek s !re are no traces ( ! notion held respect+ ,tammuz4 #cj ,su* a /ate ( affairs f9ds a hi/orical p>allel 9 o!r religions4 ,take1 = example1 ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 x we f9d t ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! f\nd] h be5 wrapp$ up 9 _m =eign elem5ts br\ght 9 by ^? :o came f o!r religions4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,translation ,,( ,,! ,,arabic ,,text ,,preface ,9 ! ,"n ( ! ,mo/ ,compassionate ,god6 ,) ! help ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 & "u 8 direction1 we write ! hi/ory ( ! ,yezidis1 _! doctr9es1 & ! my/]ies ( _! religion1 z conta9$ 9 _! books1 :i* rea*$ our h& ) _! own k & cons5t4 ,9 ! "t ( ,al-,mutadir ,billah1 ,a4 ,h4 #bie1ca !re liv$ ,manr-al-allj1#cb ! wool-c>d]1 & ei #8,abd-al-dir ( ,jln4#cc ,at t "t1 too1 !re appe>$ a man by ! "n ( ei #8,ad1 f ! m\nta9 ( ,hakk>i1#cd orig9ally f ! region ( ,aleppo or ,baalbek4 ,he came & dwelt 9 ,m\nt ,lali1#ce ne> ! city ( ,moul1 ab\t n9e h\rs di/ant f x4 ,"s say he 0 ( ! p ( arrn1 & relat$ to ,m>wn ibn-al-akam4 ,8 full "n is araf ad-,dn ,ab-l-,fadl1 #8,ad bn ,musfir bn ,ismael bn ,m\sa bn ,m>wn bn ,al-asan bn ,m>wn4 ,he di$ ,a4 ,h4 #eeh 7,a4 ,d4 #aafb-fc74 ,8 tomb is /ill visit$2 x is ne> ,ba#8adrei1 "o ( ! villages ( ,moul1 di/ant elev5 h\rs4 ,! ,yezidis are ! prog5y ( ^? :o 7 ! murids 7disciples7 ( ei #8,ad4 ,"s trace _! orig9 to ,yezid1#cf o!rs to asan-,al-,bar4#cg ,,al-,,jilwah 7,,! ,,revelation7 ,be=e all creation ?is revelation 0 ) ,melek ,ts1 :o s5t #8,abd ,ts to ?is _w t he might sep>ate tru? kn[n to 8 p>ticul> p4 ,?is 0 done1 fir/ ( all1 by means ( oral tradition1 & aft]w>d by means ( ?is book1 ,al-,jilwah1 :i* ! outsid]s may nei!r read nor behold4 ,,*apt] ,i ,i 01 am n[1 & %all h no end4 ,i ex]cise dom9ion ov] all creatures & ov] ! affairs ( all :o are "u ! protection ( my image4 ,i am ev] pres5t to help all :o tru/ 9 me & call ^u me 9 "t ( ne$4 ,!re is no place 9 ! univ]se t kn[s n my pres5ce4 ,i p>ticipate 9 all ! affairs :i* ^? :o are )\t call evil because _! nature is n su* z !y approve4 ,e age has its own manag]1 :o directs affairs accord+ to my decrees4 ,?is (fice is *angeable f g5]ation to g5]ation1 t ! rul] ( ?is _w & 8 *iefs may dis*>ge ! duties ( _! respective (fices e "o 9 8 own turn4 ,i all[ ev]yone to foll[ ! dictates ( 8 own nature1 b he t opposes me w regret x sorely4 ,no god has a "r to int]f]e 9 my affairs1 & ,i h made x an imp]ative rule t ev]yone %all refra9 f wor%ip+ all gods4 ,all ! books ( ^? :o are )\t are alt]$ by !m2 & !y h decl9$ f !m1 al?\gh !y 7 writt5 by ! prophets & ! apo/les4 ,t !re are int]polations is se5 9 ! fact t ea* sect endeavors to prove t ! o!rs are wrong & to de/roy _! books4 ,to me tru? & falsehood are kn[n4 ,:5 temptation comes1 ,i give my cov5ant to him t tru/s 9 me4 ,moreov]1 ,i give c\nsel to ! skill$ directors1 = ,i h appo9t$ !m = p]iods t are kn[n to me4 ,i rememb] necess>y affairs & execute !m 9 due "t4 ,i tea* & guide ^? :o foll[ my in/ruction4 ,if anyone obey me & con=m to my comm&m5ts1 he %all h joy1 delight1 & goodness4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,i requite ! desc5dants ( ,adam1 & rew>d !m ) v>i\s rew>ds t ,i alone "k4 ,moreov]1 p[] & dom9ion ov] all t is on e>?1 bo? t :i* is above & t :i* is b5ea?1 are 9 my h&4 ,i d n all[ fri5dly association ) o!r p1 nor d ,i deprive !m t are my own & t obey me ( any?+ t is good = !m4 ,i place my affairs 9 ! h&s ( ^? :om ,i h tri$ & :o are 9 accord ) my desires4 ,i appe> 9 div]s mann]s to ^? :o are fai?ful & "u my comm&4 ,i give & take away2 ,i enri* & impov]i%2 ,i cause bo? happ9ess & mis]y4 ,i d all ?is 9 keep+ ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* epo*4 ,& none has a "r to int]f]e ) my managem5t ( affairs4 ,^? :o oppose me ,i afflict ) disease2 b my own %all n die l ! sons ( ,adam t are )\t4 ,none %all live 9 ?is _w long] ?an ! "t set by me2 & if ,i s desire1 ,i s5d a p]son a second or a ?ird "t into ?is _w or into "s o!r by ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,i lead to ! /raight pa? )\t a reveal$ book2 ,i direct aright my belov$ & my *os5 ones by unse5 means4 ,all my tea*+s are easily applicable to all times & all conditions4 ,i puni% 9 ano!r _w all :o d contr>y to my w4 ,n[ ! sons ( ,adam d n "k ! /ate ( ?+s t is to come4 ,= ?is reason !y fall into _m errors4 ,! bea/s ( ! e>?1 ! birds ( heav51 & ! fi% ( ! sea are all "u ! control ( my h&s4 ,all treasures & hidd5 ?+s are kn[n to me2 & z ,i desire1 ,i take !m f "o & be/[ !m ^u ano!r4 ,i reveal my wond]s to ^? :o seek !m1 & 9 due "t my miracles to ^? :o receive !m f me4 ,b ^? :o are )\t are my adv]s>ies1 h5ce !y oppose me4 ,nor d !y "k t su* a c\rse is aga9/ _! own int]e/s1 = might1 weal?1 & ri*es are 9 my h&1 & ,i be/[ !m ^u e wor?y desc5dant ( ,adam4 ,?us ! gov]nm5t ( ! worlds1 ! transition ( g5]ations1 & ! *anges ( _! directors are det]m9$ by me f ! beg9n+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,i w n give my rights to o!r gods4 ,i h all[$ ! creation ( f\r sub/ances1 f\r times1 & f\r corn]s2 because !y are necess>y ?+s = creatures4 ,! books ( ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,moslems1 z ( ^? :o are )\t1 accept 9 a s5se1 i4 e41 s f> z !y agree )1 & con=m to1 my /atutes4 ,:atsoev] is contr>y to ^! !y h alt]$2 d n accept x4 ,?ree ?+s are aga9/ me1 & ,i hate ?ree ?+s4 ,b ^? :o keep my secrets %all receive ! fulfilm5t ( my promises4 ,^? :o suff] = my sake ,i w surely rew>d 9 "o ( ! worlds4 ,x is my desire t all my foll[]s %all unite 9 a bond ( unity1 le/ ^? :o are )\t prevail aga9/ !m4 ,n[1 !n1 all ye :o h foll[$ my comm&m5ts & my tea*+s1 reject all ! tea*+s & say+s ( su* z are )\t4 ,i h n taught ^! tea*+s1 nor d !y proce$ f me4 ,d n m5tion my "n nor my attributes1 le/ ye regret x2 = ye d n "k :at ^? :o are )\t may d4 ,,*apt] ,v ,o ye t h believ$ 9 me1 honor my symbol & my image1 = !y rem9d y ( me4 ,obs]ve my laws & /atutes4 ,obey my s]vants & li/5 to :atev] !y may dictate to y ( ! hidd5 ?+s4 ,receive t t is dictat$1 & d n c>ry x be=e ^? :o are )\t1 ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 ,moslems1 & o!rs2 = !y "k n ! nature ( my tea*+4 ,d n give !m y\r books1 le/ !y alt] !m )\t y\r k4 ,le>n by he>t ! great] "p ( !m1 le/ !y be alt]$4 ,?us ende? ! book ( ,al-,jilwah1 :i* is foll[$ by ! book ( ,maaf ,re1 i4 e41 ! ,black ,book4 ,,ma%af ,,re 7,,! ,,black ,,book7 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! ,:ite ,pe>l out ( 8 mo/ preci\s ess5ce4 ,he also creat$ a bird nam$ ,ang>4 ,he plac$ ! ,:ite ,pe>l on ! back ( ! bird1 & dwelt on x = =ty ?\s& ye>s4 ,on ! fir/ day1 ,sunday1 ,god creat$ ,melek ,anzazl1 & he is s-,melek1 ! *ief ( all4 ,on ,monday he creat$ ,melek ,d>del1 & he is ei asan4 ,tuesday he creat$ ,melek ,israfel1 & he is ei ams 7ad-,dn74 ,w$nesday he creat$ ,melek ,miel1 & he is ei ,ab ,bakr4 ,?ursday he creat$ ,melek ,azrel1 & he is ,sajad-ad-,dn4 ,friday he creat$ ,melek emnel1 & he is ,nair-ad-,dn4 ,saturday he creat$ ,melek ,nurel1 & he is ,yad9 7,far-ad-,dn74 ,& he made ,melek s rul] ov] all4#ch ,aft] ?is ,god made ! =m ( ! sev5 heav5s1 ! e>?1 ! sun1 & ! moon4 ,b ,far-ad-,dn creat$ man & ! animals1 & birds & bea/s4 ,he put !m all 9 pockets ( clo?1 & came out ( ! ,pe>l accompani$ by ! ,angels4 ,!n he %\t$ at ! ,pe>l ) a l\d voice4 ,!reupon ! ,:ite ,pe>l broke up into f\r pieces1 & f its mid/ came out ! wat] :i* became an ocean4 ,! _w 0 r\nd1 & 0 n divid$4 ,!n he creat$ ,gabriel & ! image ( ! bird4 ,he s5t ,gabriel to set ! f\r corn]s4 ,he also made a vessel & desc5d$ 9 x = ?irty ?\s& ye>s4 ,aft] ?is he came & dwelt 9 ,m\nt ,lali4 ,!n he cri$ out at ! _w1 & ! sea became solidifi$ & ! l& appe>$1 b x began to %ake4 ,at ?is "t he comm&$ ,gabriel to br+ two pieces ( ! ,:ite ,pe>l2 "o he plac$ b5ea? ! e>?1 ! o!r /ay$ at ! gate ( heav54 ,he !n plac$ 9 !m ! sun & ! moon2 & f ! scatt]$ pieces ( ! ,:ite ,pe>l he creat$ ! />s :i* he hung 9 heav5 z ornam5ts4 ,he also creat$ fruit-be>+ trees & plants & m\nta9s = ornam5ts to ! e>?4 ,he creat$ ! ?rone ov] ! c>pet4#ci ,!n ! ,great ,god said3 8,o ,angels1 ,i w create ,adam & ,eve2 & f ! ess5ce ( ,adam %all proce$ eh> bn ,jebr1 & ( him a sep>ate community %all appe> ^u ! e>?1 t ( ,azazl1 i4 e41 t ( ,melek s1 :i* is ! sect ( ! ,yezidis4 ,!n he s5t ei #8,ad bn ,musfir f ! l& ( ,syria1 & he came 7& dwelt 9 ,m\nt7 ,lali4 ,!n ! ,"l came d[n to ! ,black ,m\nta94 ,%\t+1 he creat$ ?irty ?\s& ,meleks1 & divid$ !m into ?ree divisions4 ,!y wor%ip$ him = =ty ?\s& ye>s1 :5 he deliv]$ !m to ,melek s :o w5t up ) !m to heav54 ,at ?is "t ! ,"l came d[n to ! ,holy ,l& 7al-uds71 & comm&$ ,gabriel to br+ e>? f ! f\r corn]s ( ! _w1 e>?1 air1 fire1 & wat]4 ,he creat$ x & put 9 x ! _s ( 8 own p[]1 & call$ x ,adam4 ,!n he comm&$ ,gabriel to escort ,adam into ,p>adise1 & to tell him t he c\ld eat f all ! trees b n ( :eat4#dj ,"h ,adam rema9$ = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,!reupon1 ,melek s ask$ ,god h[ ,adam c\ld multiply & h desc5dants if he 7 =bidd5 to eat ( ! gra94 ,god answ]$1 8,i h put ! :ole matt] into ?y h&s40 ,!reupon ,melek s visit$ ,adam & said 8,h y eat5 ( ! gra980 ,he answ]$1 8,no1 ,god =bade me40 ,melek s repli$ & said1 8,eat ( ! gra9 & all %all g bett] ) !e40 ,!n ,adam ate ( ! gra9 & imm$iately 8 belly 0 inflat$4 ,b ,melek s drove him out ( ! g>d51 & leav+ him1 asc5d$ into heav54 ,n[ ,adam 0 tr\bl$ because 8 belly 0 inflat$1 = he _h no outlet4 ,god !re=e s5t a bird to him :i* peck$ at 8 anus & made an outlet1 & ,adam 0 reliev$4 ,n[ ,gabriel 0 away f ,adam = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,& ,adam 0 sad & weep+4 ,!n ,god comm&$ ,gabriel to create ,eve f "u ! left %\ld] ( ,adam4 ,n[ x came to pass1 aft] ! creation ( ,eve & ( all ! animals1 t ,adam & ,eve qu>rel$ ov] ! "q :e!r ! human race %\ld be desc5d$ f him or h]1 = ea* wi%$ to be ! sole begett] ( ! race4 ,?is qu>rel orig9at$ 9 _! obs]vation ( ! fact t among animals bo? ! male & ! female 7 factors 9 ! production ( _! respective species4 ,aft] a long discussion ,adam & ,eve agre$ on ?is3 ea* %\ld ca/ 8 se$ into a j>1 close x1 & seal x ) 8 own seal1 & wait = n9e mon?s4 ,:5 !y op5$ ! j>s at ! completion ( ?is p]iod1 !y f\nd 9 ,adam's j> two *ildr51 male & female4 ,n[ f ^! two our sect1 ! ,yezidis1 are desc5d$4 ,9 ,eve's j> !y f\nd naught b rott5 worms emitt+ a f\l odor4 ,& ,god caus$ nipples to gr[ = ,adam t he might suckle ! *ildr5 t proce$$ f 8 j>4 ,?is is ! reason :y man has nipples4 ,aft] ?is ,adam knew ,eve1 & %e bore two *ildr51 male & female2 & f ^! ! ,jews1 ! ,*ri/ians1 ! ,moslems1 & o!r nations & sects are desc5d$4 ,b our fir/ fa!rs are e?1 ,noah1 & ,eno%1 ! righte\s ones1 :o 7 desc5d$ f ,adam only4 ,x came to pass t tr\ble arose betwe5 a man & 8 wife1 result+ f ! d5ial on ! "p ( ! woman t ! man 0 h] husb&4 ,! man p]si/$ 9 8 claim t %e 0 8 wife4 ,! tr\ble betwe5 ! two 0 settl$1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh "o ( ! righte\s m5 ( our sect1 :o decre$ t at e w$d+ a drum & a pipe %\ld be play$ z a te/imony to ! fact t su* a man & su* a woman 7 m>ri$ legally4 ,!n ,melek s came d[n to e>? = our sect 7i4 e41 ! ,yezidis71 ! creat$ ones1 & appo9t$ k+s = u1 besides ! k+s ( anci5t ,assyria1 ,nisro*1 :o is ,nair-ad-,dn2 ,kamu%1 :o is ,melek ,far-ad-,dn1 & ,artms1 :o is ,melek ams-7ad-7,dn4 ,aft] ?is we _h two k+s1 abur 7,sapor7 ,fir/ 7#bbd-bgb ,a4 ,d47 & ,second 7#cji-cgi71 :o reign$ "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s2 & our amirs d[n to ! pres5t day h be5 desc5d$ f _! se$4 ,b we hat$ f\r k+s4 ,be=e ,*ri/ came into ?is _w our religion 0 paganism4 ,k+ ,ahab 0 f among u4 ,& ! god ( ,ahab 0 call$ ,beelzebub4 ,n[adays we call him ,pir ,bub4 ,we _h a k+ 9 ,babylon1 ^: "n 0 ,batnaar2 ano!r 9 ,p]sia1 ^: "n 0 ,aura2 & /ill ano!r 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ^: "n 0 ,agrilus4 ,! ,jews1 ! ,*ri/ians1 ! ,moslems1 & ev5 ! ,p]sians1 f\ght u2 b !y fail$ to subdue u1 = 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,"l we prevail$ aga9/ !m4 ,he tea*es u ! fir/ & la/ sci5ce4 ,& "o ( 8 tea*+s is3 ,be=e heav5 & e>? exi/$1 ,god 0 on ! sea1 z we =m]ly wrote y4 ,he made himself a vessel & travel$ 9 x 9 kuns9iyat#da ( ! seas1 ?us enjoy+ himself 9 himself4 ,he !n creat$ ! ,:ite ,pe>l & rul$ ov] x = =ty ye>s4 ,aft]w>d1 gr[+ angry at ! ,pe>l1 he kick$ x2 & x 0 a great surprise to see ! m\nta9s =m$ out ( its cry2 ! hills out ( its wond]s2 ! heav5s out ( its smoke4 ,!n ,god asc5d$ to heav51 solidifi$ x1 e/abli%$ x )\t pill>s4 ,he !n spat ^u ! gr\nd1 & tak+ a p5 9 h&1 began to write a n>rative ( all ! creation4 ,9 ! beg9n+ he creat$ six gods f himself & f 8 light1 & _! creation 0 z "o lights a light f ano!r light4 ,& ,god said1 8,n[ ,i h creat$ ! heav5s2 let "s "o ( y g up & create some?+ !re940 ,!reupon ! second god asc5d$ & creat$ ! sun2 ! ?ird1 ! moon2 ! f\r?1 ! vault ( heav52 ! fif?1 ! f> 7i4 e41 ! morn+ />72 ! six?1 p>adise2 ! sev5?1 hell4 ,we h already told y t aft] ?is !y creat$ ,adam & ,eve4 ,& "k t besides ! flood ( ,noah1 !re 0 ano!r flood 9 ?is _w4 ,n[ our sect1 ! ,yezidis1 are desc5d$ f ,na#8umi1 an honor$ p]son1 k+ ( peace4 ,we call him ,melek ,miran4 ,! o!r sects are desc5d$ f ,ham1 :o despis$ 8 fa!r4 ,! %ip re/$ at a village call$ #8,a9 ,sifni1#db di/ant f ,mosul ab\t five p>asangs4 ,! cause ( ! fir/ flood 0 ! mock]y ( ^? :o 7 )\t1 ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 ,moslems1 & o!rs desc5d$ f ,adam & ,eve4 ,we1 on ! o!r h&1 are desc5d$ f ,adam only1 z already indicat$4 ,?is second flood came ^u our sect1 ! ,yezidis4 ,z ! wat] rose & ! %ip float$1 x came above ,m\nt ,s9j>1#dc :]e x ran agr\nd & 0 pi]c$ by a rock4 ,! s]p5t twi/$ itself l a cake & /opp$ ! hole4 ,!n ! %ip mov$ on & re/$ on ,m\nt ,judie4 ,n[ ! species ( ! s]p5t increas$1 & began to bite man & animal4 ,x 0 f9ally caught & burn$1 & f its a%es fleas 7 creat$4 ,f ! "t ( ! flood until n[ are sev5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 e ?\s& ye>s "o ( ! sev5 gods desc5ds to e/abli% rules1 /atutes1 & laws1 aft] :i* he returns to 8 abode4 ,:ile bel[1 he soj\rns ) u1 = we h e k9d ( holy places4 ,?is la/ "t ! god dwelt among u long] ?an any ( ! o!r gods :o came be=e him4 ,he confirm$ ! sa9ts4 ,he spoke 9 ! ,kurdi% language4 ,he also illum9at$ ,mohamm$1 ! prophet ( ! ,i%maelites1 :o _h a s]vant nam$ ,mu#8wiya4 ,:5 ,god saw t ,mohamm$ 0 n upright be=e him1 he afflict$ him ) a heada*e4 ,! prophet !n ask$ 8 s]vant to %ave 8 head1 = ,mu#8wiya knew h[ to %ave4 ,he %av$ 8 ma/] 9 ha/e1 & ) "s difficulty4 ,z a result1 he cut 8 head & made x ble$4 ,fe>+ t ! blood might drop to ! gr\nd1 ,mu#8wiya lick$ x ) 8 tongue4 ,:]eupon ,mohamm$ ask$1 8,:at are y do+1 ,mu#8wiya80 ,he repli$1 8,i lick$ ?y blood ) my tongue1 = ,i fe>$ t x might drop to ! gr\nd40 ,!n ,mohamm$ said to him1 8,y h s9n$1 ,o ,mu#8wiya1 y %all draw a nation aft] y4 ,y %all oppose my sect40 ,mu#8wiya answ]$ & said1 8,!n ,i w n ent] ! _w2 ,i w n m>ry40 ,x came to pass t aft] "s "t ,god s5t scorpions ^u ,mu#8wiya1 :i* bit him1 caus+ 8 face to break out ) poison4 ,physicians urg$ him to m>ry le/ he die4 ,he>+ ?is1 he cons5t$4 ,!y br\ght him an old woman1 eighty ye>s ( age1 9 ord] t no *ild might be born4 ,mu#8wiya knew 8 wife1 & 9 ! morn+ %e appe>$ a woman ( tw5ty-five1 by ! p[] ( ! great ,god4 ,& %e conceiv$ & bore our god ,yezid4 ,b ! =eign sects1 ignorant ( ?is fact1 say t our god came f heav51 dispis$ & driv5 out by ! great ,god4 ,= ?is reason !y blaspheme him4 ,9 ?is !y h err$4 ,b we1 ! ,yezidi sect1 believe ?is n1 = we "k t he is "o ( ! above-m5tion$ sev5 gods4 ,we "k ! =m ( 8 p]son & 8 image4 ,x is ! =m ( a cock :i* we possess4 ,none ( u is all[$ to utt] 8 "n1 nor any?+ t resembles x1 su* z eitn 7,satan71 aitn 7cord71 ar 7evil71 at 7riv]71 & ! l4 ,nor d we pron\nce mal#8n 7accurs$71 or la#8anat 7curse71 or na#8al#dd 7horse%oe71 or any ^w t has a simil> s\nd4 ,all ^! are =bidd5 u out ( respect = him4 ,s ass 7lettuce7 is deb>r$4 ,we d n eat x1 = x s\nds l ! "n ( our prophetess assiah4 ,fi% is prohibit$1 9 honor ( ,jonah ! prophet4 ,likewise de]1 = de] are ! %eep ( "o ( our prophets4 ,! peacock is =bidd5 to our ei & 8 disciples1 = ! sake ( our s4 ,squa% also is deb>r$4 ,x is =bidd5 to pass wat] :ile /&+1 or to dress up :ile sitt+ d[n1 or to g to ! toilet room1 or to take a ba? accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! p4#de ,:osoev] does contr>y to ?is is an infidel4 ,n[ ! o!r sects1 ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 ,moslems1 & o!rs1 "k n ^! ?+s1 because !y dislike ,melek s4 ,he1 !re=e1 does n tea* !m1 nor does he visit !m4 ,b he dwelt among u2 he deliv]$ to u ! doctr9es1 ! rules1 & ! traditions1 all ( :i* h become an inh]itance1 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son4 ,aft] ?is1 ,melek s return$ to heav54 ,"o ( ! sev5 gods made ! sanjas#df 7/&>ds7 & gave !m to ,solomon ! wise4 ,aft] 8 dea? our k+s receiv$ !m4 ,& :5 our god1 ! b>b>ian ,yezd1 0 born1 he receiv$ ^! sanjas ) great rev]5ce1 & be/[$ !m ^u our sect4 ,moreov]1 he compos$ two songs 9 ! ,kurdi% language to be sung be=e ! sanjaz 9 ?is language1 :i* is ! mo/ anci5t & acceptable "o4 ,! mean+ ( ! song is ?is3 ,hallelujah to ! jeal\s ,god4 ,z !y s+ x1 !y m>* be=e ! sanjas ) timbrels & pipes4 ,^! sanjas rema9 ) our emir1 :o sits on ! ?rone ( ,yezd4 ,:5 ^! are s5t away1 ! awwls assemble ) ! emir1 & ! great g5]al1 ! ei1 :o is ! repres5tative ( ei ,nasir-ad-,dn1 i4 e41 ,nisro*1 god ( ! anci5t ,assyrians4#dg ,!y visit ! sanjas4 ,!n !y s5d ea* sanja 9 c>e ( a awwl to its own place2 "o to alataneye1 "o to ,aleppo1 "o to ,russia1 & "o to ,s9j>4 ,^! sanjas are giv5 to f\r awwls by contract4 ,be=e !y are s5t1 !y are br\ght to ei #8,ad's tomb1 :]e !y are baptiz$ amid great s++ & danc+4 ,aft] ?is ea* ( ! contractors takes a load ( du/ f ei #8,ad's tomb4 ,he fa%ions x into small balls1 ea* ab\t ! size ( a gall nut1 & c>ries !m along ) ! sanjas to give !m away z bless+s4 ,:5 he approa*es a t[n1 he s5ds a cri] be=e him to prep>e ! p to accept ! awwl & 8 sanja ) respect & honor4 ,all turn out 9 f9e clo!s1 c>ry+ inc5se4 ,! wom5 %\t1 & all toge!r s+ joyful songs4 ,! awwl is ent]ta9$ by ! p ) :om he /ops4 ,! re/ give him silv] pres5ts1 ev]yone accord+ to 8 means4 ,besides ^! f\r sanjas1 !re are ?ree o!rs1 sev5 9 all4 ,^! ?ree are kept 9 a sacr$ place = purposes ( heal+4 ,two ( !m1 h[ev]1 rema9 ) ei #8,ad1 & ! ?ird rema9s 9 ! village ( ,baazanie1 :i* is di/ant f ,mosul ab\t f\r h\rs4 ,e f\r mon?s ^! awwls travel ab\t4 ,"o ( !m mu/ travel 9 ! prov9ce ( ! emir4 ,!y travel 9 a fix$ ord]1 diff]+ ea* ye>4 ,e "t he goes out1 ! travel] mu/ cleanse himself ) wat] made s\r ) summa 7sumac7 & ano9t himself ) an oil4 ,he mu/ also light a lamp at ea* idol t has a *amb]4 ,?is is ! law t p]ta9s to ! sanjas4 ,! fir/ day ( our new ye> is call$ ! ,s]lie1 i4 e41 ! beg9n+ ( a ye>4 ,x falls on ! ,w$nesday ( ! fir/ week 9 ,april4#dh ,on t day !re mu/ be meat 9 e family4 ,! weal?y mu/ slaught] a lamb or an ox2 ! poor mu/ kill a *ick5 or some?+ else4 ,^! %\ld be cook$ on ! night1 ! morn+ ( :i* is ,w$nesday1 ,new ,ye>'s day4 ,) ! break ( day ! food %\ld be bless$4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! ye> alms %\ld be giv5 at tombs :]e ! s\ls ( ! dead lie4 ,n[ ! girls1 l>ge & small1 are to ga!r f ! fields fl[]s ( e k9d t h a r$di% color4 ,!y are to make !m into bundles1 &1 aft] keep+ !m ?ree days1 !y are to hang !m on ! doors#di z a sign ( ! baptism ( ! p liv+ 9 ! h\ses4 ,9 ! morn+ all doors w be se5 well decorat$ ) r$ lilies4 ,b wom5 are to fe$ ! poor & ne$y :o pass by & h no food2 ?is is to be done at ! graves4 ,b z to ! awwls1 !y are to g ar\nd ! tombs ) timbrels1 s++ 9 ! ,kurdi% language4 ,= s do+ !y are entitl$ to money4 ,on ! above-m5tion$ day ( ,s]lie no in/rum5ts ( joy are to be play$1 because ,god is sitt+ on ! ?rone 7arrang+ decrees = ! ye>71#ej & comm&+ all ! wise & ! neighbors to come to him4 ,& :5 he tells !m t he w come d[n to e>? ) song & praise1 all arise & rejoice be=e him & ?r[ ^u ea* ! squa% ( ! fea/4 ,!n ,god seals !m ) 8 own seal4 ,& ! great ,god gives a seal$ decision to ! god :o is to come d[n4 ,he1 moreov]1 grants him p[] to d all ?+s accord+ to 8 own w4 ,god pref]s do+ good & *>ity to fa/+ & pray+4 ,! wor%ip ( any idol1 su* z ,sey$-ad-,dn or ei ams is bett] ?an fa/+4 ,"s layman is to give a banquet to a k*ak aft] ! fa/+ ( ! latt] =ty days1 :e!r x be 9 summ] or 9 w9t]4 ,if he 7! k*ak7 says ?is ent]ta9m5t is an alms giv5 to ! sanja1 !n he is n releas$ f 8 fa/+4 ,:5 x comes to pass t ! ye>ly ti!-ga!r] f9ds t ! p h n fully paid _! ti!s1 he :ips !m till !y become sick1 & "s ev5 die4 ,! p are to give ! k*aks money to fight ! ,roman army1 & ?us save ! sect 7,yezidis7 f ! wra? ( ! man ( ! ye>4 ,e ,friday a load ( gifts is to be br\ght z an (f]+ to an idol4 ,at t "t1 a s]vant is to call ! p al\d f ! ro( ( a k*ak's h\se1 say+1 x is ! call ( ! prophet to a fea/4 ,all are to li/5 rev]5tly & respectfully2 &1 on he>+ x1 e "o is to kiss ! gr\nd & ! /one on :i* he happ5s to lean4 ,x is our law t no awwl %all pass a razor ov] 8 face4 ,our law reg>d+ m>riage is t at ! "t ( ! w$d+ a loaf ( bread %all be tak5 f ! h\se ( a k*ak & be divid$ betwe5 ! bride & ! bridegroom1 ea* to eat "o-half4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 eat "s du/ f ei #8,ad's tomb in/ead ( ! bread = a bless+4 ,m>riage 9 ! mon? ( ,april is =bidd51 = x is ! fir/ mon? ( ! ye>4 ,?is rule1 h[ev]1 does n apply to awwls2 !y may m>ry dur+ ?is mon?4 ,no layman is all[$ to m>ry a k*ak's daught]4 ,ev]yone is to take a wife f 8 own class4 ,b our emir may h = a wife any "o :om he pleases to love4 ,a layman may m>ry betwe5 ! ages ( t5 & eighty2 he may take = a wife "o woman aft] ano!r = a p]iod ( "o ye>4 ,on h] way to ! h\se ( ! bridegroom1 a bride mu/ visit ! %r9e ( e idol %e may happ5 to pass2 ev5 if %e pass a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 %e mu/ d ! same4 ,on h] arrival at ! bridegroom's h\se1 he mu/ hit h] ) a small /one 9 tok5 ( ! fact t %e mu/ be "u 8 au?ority4 ,moreov]1 a loaf ( bread mu/ be brok5 ov] h] head z a sign to h] t %e mu/ love ! poor & ne$y4 ,no ,yezidi may sleep ) 8 wife on ! night ! morn+ ( :i* is ,w$nesday1 & ! night ! morn+ ( :i* is ,friday4 ,:osoev] does contr>y to ?is comm&m5t is an infidel4 ,if a man /eal ! wife ( 8 neighbor1 or 8 own =m] wife1 or h] si/] or "m1 he is n oblig$ to give h] d[ry1 = %e is ! booty ( 8 h&4 ,daught]s may n inh]it _! fa!r's weal?4 ,a "y lady may be sold z an acre ( l& is sold4 ,if %e refuses to be m>ri$1 !n %e mu/ r$eem h]self by pay+ h] fa!r a sum ( money e>n$ by h] s]vice & ! labor ( h] h&4 ,"h ends ,kitb ,re1 :i* is foll[$ by sev]al /ories1 "s ( :i* are told secretly1 "s op5ly4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,"p ,i ,,app5dix ,,to ,,"p ,i ,!y say our he>ts are our books1 & our eis tell u ev]y?+ f ! second ,adam until n[ & ! future4 ,:5 !y notice ! sun rise1 !y kiss ! place :]e ! rays fir/ fall2 !y d ! same at sunset1 :]e its rays la/ fall4 ,likewise !y kiss ! spot :]e ! moon fir/ ca/s its rays & :]e x la/ ca/s !m4 ,!y ?9k1 moreov]1 t by ! multiplication ( pres5ts to eis & idols !y keep tr\bles & afflictions away4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce among ! *aks1 !y contradict "o ano!r4 ,"s say1 8,melek s appe>s to me & reveals to me _m revelations40 ,o!rs say1 8,we appe> to p 9 _m diff]5t ways40 ,"s believe t ,*ri/ is ei ams himself4 ,!y say t !y h _h prophets 9 all times2 ! *aks are ! prophets4 ,"o ( ! *aks says 9 "o ( 8 prophecies3 8,i 0 9 ,jonah's %ip1 :]e a lot 0 ca/ 9 my pres5ce4 ,x fell on ,jonah2 & he 0 ?r[n into ! sea1 :]e he rema9$ =ty days & nights40 ,ano!r said3 8,i 0 sitt+ ) ! great ,god1 :o said1 #8,i hope ! "t w come :5 ,i %all s5d ,*ri/ to ! _w4' ,i said to him1 #8,yes4' ,!n he s5t him4 ,aft] mak+ a sign 9 ! sun1 ,*ri/ came d[n to ! e>?40 ,he appe>$ to our sect only1 & made = u sev5 circles1 :i* are at ei #8,ad4 ,n[ he appe>$ to u because we obs]ve ! necess>y ord]1 :i* ! o!r sects d n obs]ve4 ,_! orig9 & race are unkn[n2 ours are kn[n4 ,we are emirs & sons ( emirs2 we are eis & sons ( eis2 we are *aks & sons ( *aks1 etc4 ,b ,*ri/ians & ,moslems make prie/s & mullas = !mselves out ( ^? :o _h none ( _! k9dr$ 9 ^? (fices be=e1 & nev] w h aft]w>d4 ,we are bett] ?an !y4 ,we are all[$ to dr9k w9e2 our "y m5 also may desire x :5 !y1 9 company ) wom51 engage 9 religi\s danc+ & play+4 ,"s ( ! *aks & eis1 h[ev]1 are n all[$ to dr9k x4 ,:5 "o is ab\t to die1 he is visit$ by a *ak1 :o places a bit ( ei #8,ad's du/ 9 8 m\?4 ,be=e he is buri$ 8 face is ano9t$ ) x4 ,moreov]1 ! dung ( %eep is plac$ on 8 tomb4 ,f9ally1 food is (f]$ on behalf ( ! dead4 ,! *aks pray = ! dead at ! graves1 = :i* s]vice !y are paid4 ,!y tell ! relatives ( ! dead :at !y see 9 dreams & visions1 & ! condition ( _! dead1 :e!r !y h be5 translat$ to ! human or to ! animal race4 ,"s p hide silv] or gold co9s t !y plan to take out 9 case !y are born ! second "t 9 ?is _w4 ,"s believe t ! spirits ( _m righte\s p]sons travel 9 ! air4 ,^? spirits make revelations to ! *aks1 :o are acqua9t$ ) ! _w ( my/]ies & secrets4 ,life & dea? are 9 _! h&s4 ,h5ce ! fate ( ! p dep5ds on ! gratitude & honor :i* !y %[ ! *aks4 ,accord+ to ,yezidis1 hell has no exi/5ce4 ,x 0 creat$ 9 ! "t ( ! fir/ ,adam1 !y say1 :5 our fa!r1 ,ibr al-,af>1 0 born4#ea ,by reason ( 8 g5]osity & noble de$s1 ,ibr _h _m fri5ds4 ,n[1 :5 he view$ hell he became v sad4 ,he _h a small bab af>1#eb into :i*1 z he kept weep+ 8 te>s fell4 ,9 sev5 ye>s x 0 fill$4 ,he !n ca/ x into hell1 & all its fires 7 put out t mank9d might n be tortur$4 ,?is incid5t relates to "o ( ! noble de$s ( our fir/ fa!r1 ,ibr al-,af>4 ,!y h _m m su* upright m5 ( noble de$s4 ,su* an "o is ,mohamm$ ,ran1 ^: re/+ place is beh9d ! m\nt ( ei ,mattie4#ec ,he 7,ran7 is exce$+ly /rong1 s t ! mo/ sacr$ oa?s are sworn by him4 ,if any "o becomes sick1 he takes refuge 9 mak+ v[s to as91 i4 e41 pill>s ( idols4 ,n[ !re is a place ( religi\s pilgrimage :i* is call$ ,sitt ,nafsah4 ,?is place is a mulb]ry tree 9 ! village ( ,ba#8aa4 ,ano!r su* place is call$ #8,abdi ,ran1 & is 9 ! village ( arabek4 ,a ?ird place ( pilgrimage is 9 ! village ,bazanie1 :i* is call$ ei ,bak4 ,ne>by is a spr+1 & beside ?is is a mulb]ry tree4 ,:oev] is afflict$ ) fev]1 goes to t tree1 hangs on its bran*es a piece ( clo? f 8 clo!s1 & ca/s bread 9 ! spr+ = ! fi%4 ,all ?is he does t he may be cur$4 ,!y ent]ta9 ! belief t :oev] unties or %akes (f "o ( ! %r$s ( clo? w cat* ! disease ) :i* ! man 0 afflict$ :5 he hung x up4 ,!re are _m su* trees 9 ! village ( ,ba#8aa1 & 9 "s o!r places4 ,!re is also a spr+ ( wat]1 call$ 9 ! common language #8,a9 a-afra 7,yell[ ,spr+74 ,! ,yezidis call x ,kan-,z>r4#ed ,9 ?is swim ^? :o are afflict$ ) ! disease ( ab-af> 7jaundice74 ,b ^? :o are tr\bl$ ) dropsy g = cure to ! h\se ( ! ,pir t lives 9 ! village ( ,man ,re4 ,:5 !y assemble at ei #8,ad's1 no "o is all[$ to cook any?+4 ,ev]yone is to eat f ei #8,ad's table4 ,z to ! *aks1 e "o ( !m sits on a /one1 z "o sits 9 pray]4 ,to !m ! laity g1 seek+ succor4 ,!y give !m money :ile mak+ _! petition1 & v[ to ! /one on :i* ! *ak sits1 %eep & ox51 ev]yone accord+ to 8 means4 ,n[1 at ! ,new ,ye> ! places are giv5 9 contract4 ,:5 !y assemble at ! ,new ,ye>1 !y dance & play ) in/rum5ts ( joy4 ,be=e eat+ ! kabd1 i4 e41 ! v[$ ox1 !y swim 9 ! wat] ( ,zamzam1 a spr+ com+ f b5ea? ! temple ( ei #8,ad4 ,!n !y eat 9 ha/e1 snat*+ meat f ! pot l fanatics1 s t _! h&s are frequ5tly burn$4 ,?is practice is 9 accordance ) _! rules4 ,aft] eat+1 !y g up ! m\nta91 %oot+ ) _! guns1 & !n return to ei #8,ad4 ,ev]yone ( !m takes a little du/ & pres]ves x = ! times ( w$d+ & dea?4 ,!y we> entw9$ girdles :i* !y call ! ties ( ! back 7belt74 ,!y baptize ^! & ! sanjas ) ! wat] ( ,zamzam4 ,he :o is call$ ,jawi#ee we>s a /ole :i* is wov5 f ! hair ( a goat4 ,x is n9e spans 9 l5g? & ar\nd x are sansls 7t9sels74 ,:5 ! ga!r+ comes to an end1 !y collect ! money f ! *aks & ! contractors1 & br+ x to ! emir4 ,aft] ev]yone has tak5 accord+ to 8 rank1 ! rema9d] goes to ! emir4 ,!y h ano!r ga!r+ :i* takes place at ! fea/ ( ,al-,hijjj4 ,at ?is pilgrimage !y g up to ! m\nta9 :i* is call$ ,jabal al-#8,araft4#ef ,aft] rema9+ !re an h\r1 !y ha/5 t[>d ei #8,ad4 ,he :o arrives !re be=e 8 companions is prais$ mu*4 ,h5ce ev]yone tries to excel4 ,! "o :o succe$s receives abundant bless+s4 ,!y /ill h ano!r assembly4 ,?is is call$ 8! road ( ! *aks10 :5 ea*1 putt+ a rope ar\nd 8 neck1 goes up ! m\nta94 ,aft] collect+ wood !y br+ x to ei #8,ad1 c>ry+ x on _! backs4 ,! wood is us$ = heat+ purposes & = ! emir's cook+4 ,dur+ ^! assemblies ! sanjas are pass$ ar\nd4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y are wa%$ ) wat] made s\r ) sumac 9 ord] to be cleans$ f _! ru/4 ,! wat] is giv5 away 9 dr9ks = purposes ( bless+4 ,9 return money is tak54 ,9 ! second place1 ! *aks g ar\nd ) ! sanjas to collect money4 ,9 _! prea*+1 ! eis tell ! p t all k+s h come f _! desc5t1 su* z ,nisro*1#eg :o is ,nasr-ad-,dn1 & ,kamu :o is ,far-ad-,dn1 & ,artms1 :o is ams-ad-,dn1 & _m o!rs1 z ,%abur & ,yoram2 & _m royal names ( ! anci5t k+s1 toge!r ) _! own 7,yezidi7 k+s1 are f _! se$4 ,! sign ( ! ,yezidi is t he we>s a %irt ) a r\nd bosom4 ,x diff]s f t ( ! o!r p1 ! bosom ( ^: %irts are op5 all ! way d[n4 ,!re is "o occasion :5 no ,yezidi w swe> falsely1 viz41 :5 "o draws a circle on ! gr\nd1 & tells him t ?is circle belongs to s-,melek1 ei #8,ad1 & ,yezd1 & b>y%abaei4 ,he places him 9 ! middle ( ! circle1 & !n tells him t ,melek s & all ^? :o 7 m5tion$ above w n int]c$e = him aft] 8 dea?1 & t ! %irt ( ! ,jewi% ,nasim#eh be on 8 neck1 & t ! h& ( ,nasim be on 8 neck & eye1 & t ,nasim be 8 bro!r = ! next _w1 & let him be to him = a ei & a pir if he does n tell ! tru?4 ,!n if he swe>s to tell ! tru?1 he _c conceal any?+4 ,= an oa? made "u su* conditions is consid]$ great] ?an t made 9 ! "n ( ,god1 & ev5 ?an t made 9 ! "n ( "o ( _! prophets4 ,!y fa/ ?ree days 9 a ye> f morn+ till ev5+4 ,! fa/ falls 9 ,decemb]1 accord+ to ! ori5tal cal5d>4 ,!y h no pray]#ei except :at is m5tion$ above1 su* z t ref]r+ to ! sun & ! moon1 & ask+ help f eis & holy places :5 !y say1 8,o ei #8,ad1 ,o ei ,sams10 & ! l4 ,!y are all =bidd5 to tea* _! *ildr5 any?+1 ) ! exception ( two /anzas :i* !y tea* _! *ildr5 out ( necessity & because x is traditional4 ,a /ory is told ab\t !m by reliable p4 ,once :5 ei ,nair 0 prea*+ 9 a village at ,m\nt ,s9j>1 !re 0 a ,*ri/ian mason 9 ! audi5ce :o1 see+ ! h\se fill$ ) p1 ?\ght !y 7 go+ to pray4 ,he !n pret5d$ to take a nap1 t he might amuse himself ) :at he %\ld he>4 ,he knew ! ,kurdi% language4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ian seem$ to be asleep1 b 0 really awake & li/5+1 ei ,nair began to prea* say+3 8,once ! great ,god appe>$ to me 9 vision4 ,he 0 angry at ,jesus because ( a dispute ) him4 ,he !re=e caught him & imprison$ him 9 a d5 :i* _h no wat]4 ,be=e ! m\? ( ! d5 he plac$ a great /one4 ,jesus rema9$ 9 ! d5 a long "t1 call+ ^u ! prophets & ! sa9ts = help & ask+ _! aid4 ,e "o ^: succor ,jesus ask$ w5t to beg ! great ,god to release him4 ,b ,god did n grant _! reque/s4 ,jesus !re=e rema9$ 9 a sorr[ful /ate1 kn[+ n :at to d40 ,aft] ?is ! prea*] rema9$ sil5t = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & ?us a great sil5ce prevail$ 9 ! h\se4 ,!n he w5t on to say3 8,o poor ,jesus1 :y are y s =gott51 s neglect$8 ,d y n "k t all ! prophets & all ! sa9ts h no favor ) ! great ,god unto ,melek s8 ,:y h y =gott5 him & h n call$ ^u him80 ,say+ ?is1 ! prea*] aga9 rema9$ sil5t z be=e4 ,aft]w>d he aga9 cont9u$3 8,jesus rema9$ 9 ! d5 till "o day :5 he happ5$ to rememb] ,melek s4 ,he !n s\ght 8 aid1 pray+1 #8,o ,melek s1 ,i h be5 9 ?is d5 = "s "t4 ,i am imprison$2 ,i h s\ght ! help ( all ! sa9ts1 & none ( !m c\ld deliv] me4 ,n[1 save me f ?is d54' ,:5 ,melek s he>d ?is1 he desc5d$ f heav5 to e>? quick] ?an ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 remov$ ! /one f ! top ( ! d51 & said to ,jesus1 #8,come up1 behold ,i h br\ght !e out4' ,!n bo? w5t up to heav54 ,:5 ! great ,god saw ,jesus1 he said to him1 #8,o ,jesus1 :o br\ght !e out ( ! d58 ,:o br\ght !e "h )\t my p]mission8' ,jesus answ]$ & said1 #8,melek s br\ght me out ( ! d5 & up "h4' ,!n ,god said1 #8,_h x be5 ano!r1 ,i w\ld h puni%$ him1 b ,melek s is mu* belov$ by me2 rema9 "h = ! sake ( my honor4' ,s ,jesus rema9$ 9 heav540 ,! prea*] add$1 8,notice t ^? :o are )\t d n l ,melek s4 ,"k ye t 9 ! resurrection he w n l !m ei!r1 & he w n int]c$e = !m4 ,b1 z = u1 he w put u all 9 a tray1 c>ry u ^u 8 head1 & take u into heav51 :ile we are 9 ! tray on 8 head40 ,:5 ! congregation he>d ?is1 !y rose up1 kiss$ 8 clo!s & feet1 & receiv$ 8 bless+4 ,n[ ! views ( ! ,yezidis reg>d+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/ & ! explanation ( ! "n ( ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 are f\nd 9 "o ( _! /ories1 :i* runs ?us3 8,v]ily ,m>y ! ,virg9 "m ( ,jesus1 begat ,jesus 9 a mann] unlike ! re/ ( wom54 ,%e begat him f h] "r side1#fj betwe5 h] clo!s & h] body4 ,at t "t ! ,jews _h a cu/om t1 if a woman gave bir?1 all h] relatives & neighbors w\ld br+ h] pres5ts4 ,! wom5 w\ld call1 c>ry+ 9 _! "r h& a plate ( fruits :i* 7 to be f\nd 9 t season1 & 9 ! left h& !y w\ld c>ry a /one4 ,?is cu/om 0 a v anci5t "o4 ,!re=e :5 ,m>y ! ,virg9 gave bir? to ,jesus1 ! wife ( ,jonah1 :o is ! "m ( ,pet]1 came to h]2 &1 accord+ to ! cu/om1 c>ri$ a plate ( fruit 9 h] "r h& & a /one 9 h] left4 ,z %e ent]$ & gave ,m>y ! plate1 behold1 ! /one :i* 0 9 h] left h& begat a male4 ,%e call$ 8 "n ,simon ,cifa1 t is1 son ( ! /one4 ,*ri/ians d n "k ^! ?+s z we d40 ,!y h a /ory expla9+ ! ^w h]etic4 ,x is ?is3 ,:5 ! great ,god creat$ ! heav5s1 he put all ! keys ( ! treasuries & ! mansions !re 9 ! h&s ( ,melek s1 & comm&$ him n to op5 a c]ta9 mansion4 ,b he1 )\t ! k ( ,god1 op5$ ! h\se & f\nd a piece ( pap] on :i* 0 writt51 8,?\ %alt wor%ip ?y ,god alone1 & him alone %alt ?\ s]ve40 ,he kept ! pap] ) him & all[$ no "o else to "k ab\t x4 ,!n ,god creat$ an iron r+ & hung x 9 ! air betwe5 ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,aft]w>d he creat$ ,adam ! fir/4 ,melek s refus$ to wor%ip ,adam :5 ,god comm&$ him to d s4 ,he %[$ ! writt5 pap] :i* he took f ! mansion & said1 8,see :at is writt5 "h40 ,!n ! great ,god said1 8,x may be t y h op5$ ! mansion :i* ,i =bade y to op540 ,he answ]$1 8,yes40 ,!n ,god said to him1 8,y are a h]etic1 because y h disobey$ me & transgress$ my comm&m5t40 ,f ?is we "k t ,god speaks 9 ! ,kurdi% language1 t is f ! mean+ ( ?is say+1 8,g into ! iron r+ :i* ,i1 ?y ,god1 h made = :osoev] does contr>y to my comm&m5t & disobeys me40 ,:5 "o criticizes su* a /ory z ?is by say+ t ,god drove ,melek s f heav5 & s5t him to hell because ( 8 pride be=e ,god ! mo/ high1 !y d n admit t su* is ! case4 ,!y answ]3 8,is x possible t "o ( u 9 8 ang] %\ld drive out 8 *ild f 8 h\se & let him wait until ! next day be=e br++ him back8 ,( c\rse n4 ,simil> is ! relation ( ! great ,god to ,melek s4 ,v]ily he loves him exce$+ly4 ,y d n und]/& ! books :i* y read4 ,! ,gospel says1 #8,no "o asc5d$ up to heav5 b he :o came d[n f heav54' ,no "o came d[n f heav5 b ,melek s & ,*ri/4 ,f ?is we "k t ! great ,god has be5 reconcil$ to ,melek s1 :o w5t up to heav51 j z ,god came d[n f heav5 & w5t up aga940 ,! foll[+ is a /ory told ( a k*ak3 ,x is relat$ t at "o "t !re 0 no ra9 9 ! village ( ,ba#8aa4 ,9 ?is village !re 0 a ,yezidi ^: "n 0 ,k*ak ,b]4 ,!re 7 also "s sa9ts & m5 ( vision dwell+ !re4 ,!y 7p7 ga!r$ to ask ,b] to see ab\t ! ra94 ,he told !m1 8,wait till tomorr[ t ,i may see ab\t x40 ,!y came to him on ! next day & said1 8,:at h y done conc]n+ ! "q ( ra98 ,we are exce$+ly al>m$ by reason ( its be+ )held40 ,he answ]$3 8,i w5t up to heav5 la/ night & ent]$ into ! divan :]e ! great ,god1 ei #8,ad1 & "s o!r eis & righte\s m5 7 sitt+4 ,! prie/ ,isaac 0 sitt+ beside ,god4 ,! great ,god said to me1 #8,:at d y want1 ,o ,k*ak ,b]2 :y h y come "h8' ,i said to him1 #8,my "l1 ?is ye> ! ra9 has be5 )held f u till n[1 & all ?y s]vants are poor & ne$y4 ,we besee* !e to s5d u ra9 z ?y wont4' ,he rema9$ sil5t & answ]$ me n4 ,i repeat$ ! spee* twice & ?rice1 besee*+ him4 ,!n ,i turn$ to ! eis :o sat !re1 ask+ _! help & int]cession4 ,! great ,god answ]$ me1 #8,g away until we ?9k x ov]4' ,i came d[n & d n "k :at took place aft] ,i desc5d$ f heav54 ,y may g to ! prie/ ,isaac & ask him :at 0 said aft] ,i came d[n40 ,!y w5t to ! prie/ & told him ! /ory1 & ask$ him :at 0 said aft] ,k*ak ,b] came d[n4 ,?is prie/ ,isaac 0 a great jok]4 ,he answ]$ !m1 8,aft] ! k*ak came d[n1 ,i begg$ ,god = ra9 on y\r behalf4 ,x 0 agre$ t aft] six or sev5 days he w\ld s5d x40 ,!y wait$ accord+ly1 & by a /range co9cid5ce1 at ! end ( ! p]iod x ra9$ l a flood = "s "t4 ,see+ ?is1 ! p believ$ 9 :at !y 7 told1 & honor$ ! prie/ ,isaac1 look+ ^u him z "o ( ! sa9ts1 & ?9k+ t he mu/ h ,yezidi blood 9 him4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s ?is /ory has be5 told z "o ( ! tales ( _! sa9ts4 ,once ei #8,ad bn ,musfir & 8 murids 7 ent]ta9$ by ,god 9 heav54 ,:5 !y arriv$1 !y did n f9d /raw = _! animals4 ,!re=e ei #8,ad ord]$ 8 murids to c>ry /raw f 8 ?re%+ floor on ! e>?4 ,z x 0 be+ transport$1 "s fell on ! way1 & has rema9$ z a sign 9 heav5 unto our day4 ,x is kn[n z ! road ( ! /raw man4 ,!y ?9k t pray] is 9 ! he>t2 !re=e !y d n tea* _! *ildr5 ab\t x4 ,& 9 _! book nei!r is !re any rule reg>d+ pray]1 nor is pray] consid]$ a religi\s obligation4 ,"s ass]t t at "o "t ei #8,ad1 9 company ) ei #8,abd-al-dir1 made a pilgrimage to ,mecca1 :]e he rema9$ f\r ye>s4 ,aft] 8 abs5ce ,melek s appe>$ to !m 7! two eis7 9 8 symbol4 ,he dictat$ "s rules to !m & taught !m _m ?+s4 ,!n he 0 hidd5 f !m4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ei #8,ad return$ f ,mecca2 b !y refus$ him & w\ld n accept him4 ,!y ass]t$ t he _h di$ or asc5d$ to heav54 ,he rema9$ ) !m1 b 0 )\t 8 =m] respect4 ,:5 ! "t ( 8 dea? came1 ,melek s appe>$ to !m & decl>$1 8,?is is ei #8,ad himself1 honor him40 ,!n !y honor$ him & buri$ him ) due v5]ation1 & made 8 tomb a place ( pilgrimage4 ,9 _! e/imation x is a m excell5t spot ?an ,mecca4 ,ev]yone is "u obligation to visit x once a ye> at lea/2 &1 9 addition to ?is1 !y give a sum ( money ?r\gh ! eis to obta9 satisfaction 7t ei #8,ad may be pleas$ ) !m74 ,:oev] does ?is n is disob$i5t4 ,moreov]1 x is said t ! reason :y ! pilgrimage to 8 tomb is reg>d$ z excell5t by u & by ,god is t 9 ! resurrection ei #8,ad w c>ry 9 a tray all ! ,yezidis ^u 8 head & take !m into p>adise1 )\t requir+ !m to give acc\nt or answ]4 ,!re=e !y reg>d ! pilgrimage to 8 tomb z a religi\s duty great] ?an ! pilgrimage to ,mecca4 ,!re are "s domes1 huts1 ar\nd ! tomb ( ei #8,ad4 ,!y are !re = ! purpose ( receiv+ bless+s f ! tomb4 ,& !y are all attribut$ to ! great eis1 z ! hut ( #8,abd-al-dir-al-,jln2#fa ! hut ( ei adb-al-,bn2 ! hut ( ei ams-ad-,dn2 ! hut ( ei ,manr-al-allj1 & ! hut ( ei asan-al-,bar4 ,!re are also "s o!r huts4 ,ea* hut has a bann] made ( calico4 ,x is a sign ( conque/ & victory4 ,eat+ ( de]'s meat is =bidd5 !m1 !y say1 because ! de]'s eyes resemble ! eyes ( ei #8,ad4 ,v]ily 8 virtues are well-kn[n & 8 praisewor?y qualities are traditions h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to accept ! ,yezidi religion4 ,he gave !m ! rules ( ! religi\s sect & f\nd$ ! (fice ( ! ei4 ,9 addition to ?is1 he 0 r5[n$ = 8 devotion & religi\s ex]cise4 ,f ,m\nt ,lali1 he us$ to he> ! prea*+ ( #8,abd-al-dir-al-,jlni 9 ,bagdad4 ,he us$ to draw a circle on ! gr\nd & say to ! religi\s ones1 8,:osoev] wants to he> ! prea*+ ( ,al-,jln1 let him ent] )9 ?is circle40 ,! foll[+ cu/om1 :i* we h1 began ) him3 ,if we wi% to swe> to anyone1 a ei draws a circle1 & he :o is to take an oa?1 ent]s into x4 ,at "o "t1 pass+ by a g>d51 ei #8,ad ask$ ab\t lettuce2 &1 z no "o answ]$1 he said1 8,huss0 7hu%74 ,= ?is reason lettuce is =bidd5 & n eat54 ,z reg>ds fa/+1 !y say ab\t ! mon? ( ,raman t x 0 dumb & deaf4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,god comm&$ ! ,moslems to fa/1 he likewise comm&$ ! ,yezidis1 say+ to !m 9 ! ,kurdi% language1 8sese10 mean+ 8?ree40 ,! ,mohamm$ans did n und]/& x2 !y took x = 8se10 8?irty40 ,= ?is reason1 !y 7,yezidis7 fa/ ?ree days4 ,moreov]1 !y believe !re are eat+1 dr9k+1 & o!r e>?ly pleasures 9 ! next _w4#fb ,"s hold t ! rule ( heav5 is 9 ,god's h&s1 b ! rule ( ! e>? is 9 ei #8,ad's h&s4 ,be+ exce$+ly belov$ by ,god1 he be/[$ ^u him accord+ to #8,ad's desire4 ,!y believe 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,?is is ev9c$ by ! fact t :5 ! s\l ( ,manr-al-allj p>t$ f 8 body :5 ! ,caliph ( ,bagdad kill$ him & ca/ 8 head into ! wat]1 8 s\l float$ on ! wat]4 ,by a wond]ful *ance & a /range happ5+1 ! si/] ( ! said ,manr w5t to fill h] j>4 ,! s\l ( h] bro!r ent]$ x4 ,)\t kn[+ :at _h happ5$1 %e came ) x to ! h\se4 ,be+ tir$1 %e felt ?ir/y & drank f ! j>4 ,at t mom5t ! s\l ( h] bro!r ent]$ h]1 b %e did n p]ceive x until %e became pregnant4 ,%e gave bir? to a son :o resembl$ ei ,manr himself4 ,he became h] bro!r accord+ to bir? & h] son accord+ to imputation4 ,! reason :y !y d n use dr9k+-vessels :i* h n>r[ m\?s1 or a net-l cov]1 is t :5 "o dr9ks wat] f !m !y make a s\nd4 ,:5 ! head ( ei ,manr 0 ?r[n into ! wat] x gurgl$4 ,9 8 honor !y d n use ! small j>s ) n>r[ necks4 ,!y ass]t t !y expect a prophet :o w come f ,p]sia to annul ! law ( ,mohamm$ & abrogate ,islam4 ,!y believe t !re are sev5 gods1 & t ea* god adm9i/]s ! univ]se = t5 ?\s& ye>s2 & t "o ( ^! gods is ,lasif]os1 ! *ief ( ! fall5 angels1 :o be>s also ! "n ,melek s4 ,!y make him a grav5 image aft] ! =m ( a cock#fc & wor%ip x4 ,!y play ! tamb\r9e & dance be=e x to make x rejoice ) !m4 ,!y 7awwls7 travel )9 ! ,yezidis' villages to collect money1 at :i* "t !y take x into ! h\ses t x may bless & honor !m4 ,"s say t ei #8,ad is a deity2 o!rs t he is l a ,vizi] to ,god4 ,to him all ?+s are ref]r$4 ,?is is ,melek s age4 ,! rul+ & adm9i/rative p[] is 9 8 h&s until ! ?\s&? ye>4 ,:5 ! "t comes to an end he w deliv] ! p[] to ! next god to rule & adm9i/] until ano!r ?\s& ye>s %all be end$1 & s on until ! sev5? god4 ,& yet !re is accord & love among ^! gods1 & none is jeal\s ( ! "o :o may rule & adm9i/] ! _w = a p]iod ( t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,!y h a book nam$ ,al ,jilwah t !y ascribe to ei #8,ad1 & !y suff] no "o :o is n "o ( !m to read x4 ,m5tion is made 9 "s ( _! books t ! ,fir/ ,cause is ! ,supreme ,god1 :o be=e he creat$ ?is _w1 0 enjoy+ himself ov] ! seas2#fd & 9 8 h& 0 a great ,:ite ,pe>l1 ) :i* he 0 play+4 ,!n he resolv$ to ca/ x into ! sea1 & :5 he did s ?is _w came into be+4 ,moreov]1 !y ?9k !mselves n to be ( ! same se$ f :i* ! re/ ( mank9d sprung1 b t !y are begott5 ( ! son ( ,adam1 :o 0 born to ,adam ( 8 spittle4 ,= ?is reason !y imag9e !mselves nobl] & m pleas+ to ! gods ?an o!rs4 ,!y say !y h tak5 fa/+ & sacrifice f ,islam2 baptism f ,*ri/ians2 prohibition ( foods f ! ,jews2 _! way ( wor%ip f ! idolat]s2 dissimulation ( doctr9e f ! ,rafiis 7,%i#8ites72 human sacrifice & transmigration f ! pre-,islamic paganism ( ! ,arabs & f ! ,sabians4 ,!y say t :5 ! _s ( man goes =? f 8 body1 x ent]s into ano!r man if x be j2 b if unju/1 into an animal4 ,,! ,,poem ,,9 ,,praise ,,( ,,ei #8,,ad ,peace ,be unto ,him ,my und]/&+ surr\nds ! tru? ( ?+s1 ,& my tru? is mix$ up 9 me1 ,& ! tru? ( my desc5t is set =? by itself1 ,& :5 x 0 kn[n x 0 altoge!r 9 me4 ,& all t are 9 ! univ]se are "u me1 ,& all ! habitable p>ts & des]ts1 ,& ev]y?+ creat$ is "u me1 ,& ,i am ! rul+ p[] prec$+ all t exi/s4 ,& ,i am he t spoke a true say+1 ,& ,i am ! j judge & ! rul] ( ! e>?4 ,& ,i am he t m5 wor%ip 9 my glory1 ,com+ to me & kiss+ my feet4 ,& ,i am he t spread ov] ! heav5s _! height4 ,& ,i am he t cri$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,& ,i am he t ( myself reveale? all ?+s1 ,& ,i am he to :om came ! book ( good tid+s ,f my ,"l1 :o burne? ! m\nta9s4 ,& ,i am he to :om all creat$ m5 come ,9 ob$i5ce to kiss my feet4 ,i br+ =? fruit f ! fir/ juice ( e>ly y\? ,by my pres5ce1 & turn t[>d me my disciples4 ,& be=e ?is light ! d>kness ( ! morn+ cle>$ away4 ,i guide him t aske? = guidance4 ,i am he t caus$ ,adam to dwell 9 ,p>adise ,& ,nimrod to inhabit a hot burn+ fire4 ,& ,i am he t guid$ ,am$ ! ,j1 ,& let him into my pa? & way4 ,& ,i am he unto :om all creatures ,come = my good purposes & gifts4 ,& ,i am he t visit$ all ! heights1 ,& goodness & *>ity proce$ f my m]cy4 ,& ,i am he t made all he>ts to fe> ,my purpose1 & !y magnify ! maje/y & p[] ( my awfulness4 ,& ,i am he to :om ! de/roy+ lion came ,rag+1 & ,i %\t$ aga9/ him & he became /one4 ,& ,i am he to :om ! s]p5t came1 ,& by my w ,i made him du/4 ,& ,i am he t /ruck ! rock & made x tremble1 ,& made to bur/ f its sides ! sweete/ ( wat]s4#fe ,& ,i am he t s5t d[n ! c]ta9 tru?2 ,= me is ! book t com=te? ! oppress$4 ,& ,i am he t judg$ ju/ly1 ,& :5 ,i judg$ x 0 my "r ,& ,i am he t made ! spr+s#fe to give wat]1 ,sweet] & pleasant] ?an all wat]s4 ,& ,i am he t caus$ x to appe> 9 my m]cy1 ,& by my p[] ,i call$ x ! pure4 ,& ,i am he to :om ! ,"l ( heav5 ha? said1 ,?\ art ! j ,judge & ,rul] ( ! e>?4 ,& ,i am he t disclos$ "s ( my wond]s1 ,& "s ( my virtues are manife/$ 9 t :i* exi/s4 ,& ,i am he t caus$ ! m\nta9s to b[1 ,to move "u me & at my w4#ff ,& ,i am he be=e ^: maje/y ! wild bea/s cri$2 ,!y turn$ to me wor%ip+1 & kiss$ my feet4 ,& ,i am #8,ad a-m1 ! son ( ,musfir4 ,v]ily ! ,all-,m]ciful has assign$ unto me names1 ,! heav5ly ?rone1 & ! seat1 & ! 7sev57 heav5s1 & ! e>?4 ,9 ! secret ( my k !re is no ,god b me4 ,^! ?+s are subs]vi5t to my p[]4 ,o m9e enemies1 :y d y d5y me8 ,o m51 d5y me n1 b submit4 ,9 ! day ( judgm5t y w be happy 9 meet+ me4 ,:o dies 9 my love1 ,i w ca/ him ,9 ! mid/ ( ,p>adise1 by my w & pleasure2 ,b he t dies unm9dful ( me ,w be ?r[n into torture 9 mis]y & affliction4 ,i say ,i am ! only "o & ! exalt$2 ,i create & make ri* ^? :om ,i w4 ,praise x to myself1 = all ?+s are by my w4 ,& ! univ]se is light$ by "s ( my gifts4 ,i am ! k+ t magnifies himself1 ,& all ! ri*es ( creation are at my bidd+4 ,i h made kn[n unto y1 ,o p1 "s ( my ways4 ,:o desire? me mu/ =sake ! _w4 ,& ,i c also speak ! true say+1 ,& ! g>d5 on high is = ^? :o d my pleasure4 ,i s\ght ! tru? & became a confirm+ tru?2 ,& by ! l tru? %all !y1 l myself1 possess ! highe/ place4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,pray] ,,( ,,! ,,yezidis ,am51 ,am51 ,am56 ,?r\gh ! int]m$iation ( ams-ad-,dn1 ,far ad-,dn1 ,nair-ad-,dn1 ,sajad ad-,dn1 ei ,s9 7use971 ei ,bakr1 dir ar-,ramn4 ,"l1 ?\ art graci\s1 ?\ art m]ciful2 ,?\ art ,god1 k+ ( k+s & l&s1 ,k+ ( joy & happ9ess1 ,k+ ( good possession 7et]nal life74 ,f et]nity ?\ art et]nal4 ,?\ art ! seat ( luck 7happ9ess7 & life2 ,?\ art "l ( grace & good luck4 ,?\ art k+ ( j9ns & human be+s1 ,k+ ( ! holy m5 7sa9ts71 ,"l ( t]ror & praise1 ,! abode ( religi\s duty & praise1 ,wor?y ( praise & ?anks4 ,"l6 ,protector 9 j\rneys1 ,sov]eign ( ! moon & ( ! d>kness1 ,god ( ! sun & ( ! fire1 ,god ( ! great ?rone1 ,"l ( goodness4 ,"l6 ,no "o kn[s h[ ?\ art4 ,?\ ha/ no beauty2 ?\ ha/ no height4 ,?\ ha/ no go+ =?2 ?\ ha/ no numb]4 ,"l6 ,judge ( k+s & begg>s1 ,judge ( society & ( ! _w1 ,?\ ha/ reveal$ ! rep5tance ( ,adam4 ,"l1 ?\ ha/ no h\se2 ?\ ha/ no money2 ,?\ ha/ no w+s1 ha/ no fea!rs2 ,?\ ha/ no voice1 ?\ ha/ no color4 ,?\ ha/ made u lucky & satisfi$4 ,?\ ha/ creat$ ,jesus & ,m>y4 ,"l1 ?\ art graci\s1 ,m]ciful1 fai?ful4 ,?\ art ,"l2 ,i am no?+ness4 ,i am a fall5 s9n]1 ,a s9n] by !e rememb]$4 ,?\ ha/ l$ u out ( d>kness into light4 ,"l6 ,my s9 & my guilt1 ,take !m & remove !m4 ,o ,god1 ,o ,god1 ,o ,god1 ,am56 ,,sev5 ,,classes ,,( ,,yezidis ,!y are divid$ into sev5 classes1 & ea* class has functions peculi> to itself t _c be dis*>g$ by any ( ! o!r classes4 ,!y are3 #a4 ei4 ,he is ! s]vant ( ! tomb1 & a desc5dant ( ,imam asan al-,bar4 ,no "o c give a legal decision or sign any docum5t except ! ei :o is ! s]vant ( ei #8,ad's tomb4 ,he has a sign by :i* he is di/+ui%$ f o!rs4 ,! sign is a belt :i* he puts on 8 body1 & net-l gloves1 :i* resemble ! halt]s ( camels4 ,if he goes among 8 p1 !y b[ d[n & pay him _! respects4 ,! eis sell a place 9 p>adise to anyone :o wi%es to pay money4 #b4 ,emir4 ,! emir%ip specifically belongs to ! desc5dants ( ,yezd4 ,!y h a g5ealogical tree1 pres]v$ f _! fa!rs & =efa!rs1 :i* goes up to ,yezd himself4 ,! emirs h *>ge ( ! temporal & gov]nm5tal affairs1 & h ! "r to say1 8,d ?is & d n t40 #c4 awwl4 ,he has *>ge ( tamb\r9es & flutes & religi\s hymns4 #d4 ,pr4 ,to him app]ta9 ! conduct ( fa/s1 ! break+ ( fa/s1 & hair-dress+4 #e4 ,k*ak4 ,to him app]ta9 ! duties ( religi\s in/ruction1 & sepulture1 & int]pretation ( dreams1 i4 e41 prophecy4 #f4 ,far4 ,to him app]ta9 ! duties ( in/ruction ( boys & girls 9 play+ on ! tamb\r9es1 9 danc+ & religi\s pleasure4 ,he s]ves ei #8,ad4 #g4 ,mulla4 ,to him app]ta9 ! duties ( in/ruct+ *ildr54 ,he gu>ds ! books & ! my/]ies ( religion & att5ds to ! affairs ( ! sect4 ,,articles ,,( ,,fai? ,at "o "t 7,a4 ,h4 #abhi2 ,a4 ,d4 #ahgb71 ! ,ottoman p[] want$ to draft f among !m an army in/ead ( tak+ ! tax :i* 0 its due4 ,!y pres5t$ to ! gov]nm5t all ! rules t prev5t$ !m f comply+4 ,^! all p]ta9 to religion & are moral obligations ^u !m4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,,article ,i ,accord+ to our ,yezidi religion e memb] ( our sect1 :e!r big or little1 girl or woman1 mu/ visit ,melek s ?ree times a ye>1 t is1 fir/1 f ! beg9n+ to ! la/ ( ! mon? ( ,april1 ,roman cal5d>2 secondly1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! mon? ( ,septemb]2 ?irdly1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! mon? ( ,novemb]4 ,if anyone visit n ! image ( ,melek s1 he is an infidel4 ,,article ,,ii ,if any memb] ( our sect1 big or little1 visit n 8 highness ei #8,ad bn ,musfir--may ,god sanctify 8 my/]ies6 once a ye>1 i4 e41 f ! fifte5? to ! tw5tie? ( ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 ,roman cal5d>1 he is an infidel accord+ to our religion4 ,,article ,,iii ,e memb] ( our sect mu/ visit ! place ( ! sunrise e day :5 x appe>s1 & !re %\ld n be ,moslem1 nor ,*ri/ian1 nor any "o else 9 t place4 ,if any "o d ?is n1 he is an infidel4 ,,article ,,iv ,e memb] ( our sect mu/ daily kiss ! h& ( 8 bro!r1 8 bro!r ( ! next _w1 namely1 ! s]vant ( ! ,mahdi1 & ! h& ( 8 ei or pr4 ,if any "o d ?is n1 he is reg>d$ z an infidel4 ,,article ,v ,accord+ to our religion x is some?+ intol]able :5 ! ,moslem 9 ! morn+ beg9s to say 9 pray]1 ,god =bid6 8,i take refuge 9 ,god1 etc40#fg ,if any "o ( u he> x1 he mu/ kill ! "o :o says x & kill himself2 o!rwise he becomes an infidel4 ,,article ,,vi ,:5 "o ( our sect is on ! po9t ( dea?1 if !re be no bro!r ( ! next _w & 8 ei1 or 8 pr & "o ( ! awwls ) him to say ?ree say+s ov] him1 viz41 8,o s]vant ( ,melek s1 ^: ways are high1 y mu/ die 9 ! religion ( ! "o we wor%ip1 :o is ,melek s1 ^: ways are high1 & d n die 9 any o!r religion ?an 84 ,& if "s "o %\ld come & say to y some?+ f ! ,mohamm$an religion1 or ,*ri/ian religion1 or ,jewi% religion1 or "s o!r religion1 d n believe him1 & d n foll[ him4 ,& if y believe & foll[ ano!r religion ?an t ( ! "o we wor%ip1 ,melek s1 y %all die an infidel10 he becomes an infidel4 ,,article ,,vii ,we h some?+ call$ ! bless+ ( ei #8,ad1 t is1 ! du/ ( ! tomb ei #8,ad--may ,god sanctify 8 my/]y6 ,e memb] ( our sect mu/ h "s ( x ) him 9 8 pocket & eat ( x e morn+4 ,& if he eat n ( x int5tionally1 he is an infidel4 ,likewise at ! "t ( dea?1 if he possess n "s ( t du/ int5tionally1 he dies an infidel4 ,,article ,,viii ,reg>d+ our fa/+1 if any "o ( our sect wi% to fa/1 he mu/ fa/ 9 8 own place1 n 9 ano!r4 ,= :ile fa/+ he mu/ g e morn+ to ! h\se ( 8 eih & 8 pr1 & !re he mu/ beg9 to fa/2 & :5 he breaks 8 fa/1 likewise1 he mu/ g to ! h\se ( 8 eih & 8 pr1 & !re break ! fa/ by dr9k+ ! holy w9e ( ! eih or ! pr4 ,& if he dr9k n two or ?ree glasses ( t w9e1 8 fa/+ is n acceptable1 & he becomes an infidel4 ,,article ,,ix ,if "o ( our sect g to ano!r place & rema9 !re z mu* z "o ye>1 & aft]w>d return to 8 place1 !n 8 wife is =bidd5 him1 & none ( u w give him a wife4 ,if anyone give him a wife1 t "o is an infidel4 ,,article ,x ,reg>d+ our dress1 z we h m5tion$ 9 ! f\r? ,article t e "o ( our sect has a bro!r = ! next _w1 he has also a si/] = ! next _w4#fh ,!re=e if any "o ( u make = himself a new %irt1 x is necess>y t 8 si/] = ! next _w %\ld op5 its neck b&1 i4 e41 ! neck b& ( t %irt1 ) h] h&4 ,& if %e op5 x n ) h] h&1 & he we> x1 !n he is an infidel4 ,,article ,,xi ,if "s "o ( our sect make a %irt or a new dress1 he _c we> x )\t baptiz+ x 9 ! bless$ wat] :i* is to be f\nd at ! %r9e ( 8 highness ei #8,ad1 may ,god sanctify 8 my/]y6 ,if he we> x1 he is an infidel4 ,,article ,,xii ,we may n we> a light black dress at all4 ,we may n comb our heads ) ! comb ( a ,moslem or a ,*ri/ian or a ,jew or any o!r4 ,nor may we %ave our heads ) ! razor us$ by any o!r ?an ourselves 7,yezidis71 except x be wa%$ 9 ! bless$ wat] :i* is to be f\nd at ! %r9e ( 8 highness eih #8,ad4 ,!n x is lawful = u to %ave our heads4 ,b if we %ave our heads )\t ! razor hav+ be5 wa%$ 9 t wat]1 we become infidels4 ,,article ,,xiii ,no ,yezidi may ent] ! wat]-closet ( a ,moslem1 or take a ba? at a ,moslem's h\se1 or eat ) a ,moslem's spoon or dr9k f a ,moslem's cup1 f a cup us$ by any "o ( ano!r sect4 ,if he does1 he is an infidel4#fi ,,article ,,xiv ,conc]n+ food1 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 u & ! o!r sects4 ,we d n eat meat or fi%1 squa%1 bamia 7okra71 fasulia 7beans71 cabbage1 or lettuce4 ,we _c ev5 dwell 9 ! place :]e lettuce is s[n4#gj ,= ^! & o!r reasons1 we _c ent] ! milit>y s]vice1 etc4 ,! names ( ^? :o affix$ _! signatures3 ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,yezidi ,,sect1 ,,! ,,emir ,,( ,,ei,n1 ,,use94 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,ei ,,( ,,! ,,yezidi ,,sect ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,ei,n1 ,,ei ,,na,,ir4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,village ,,( ,,mam ,,re,n1 ,p,r ,,suleim,n4 ,,! ,,village ,,*ief ,,( ,,musk,n1 ,,murad4 8 8 8 8 ,,at,,rah1 ,,ayy,b4 8 8 8 8 ,,beib,n1 ,,use94 8 8 8 8 ,,dah,,an1 ,,assan4 8 8 8 8 ,,uzr,n1 ,,nu#8,m4 8 8 8 8 ,b,,kasra1 #8,,ali4 8 8 8 8 ,b#8,a,a1 ,,jam4 8 8 8 8 ,,ba1 ,,ilias4 8 8 8 8 ,,krepa,,91 ,,sa,d4 8 8 8 8 ,,ab,,reh1 ,k,,*ak4 8 8 8 8 ,,kas4 8 8 8 8 ,,s91 #8,,abd4 8 8 8 8 #8,,a9 ,,sifni1 ,,gurg4 8 8 8 8 ,,asr-#8,i,,zz-,,ad-,d,n4 8 8 8 8 ,,eir4 8 8 8 8 ,,kib]t1 ,,hir4 ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,^! are !y ^: names 7 9 ! petition above m5tion$1 & f :i* we copi$ a few ?+s4 ,! result 0 t :5 !y pres5t$ ?is petition1 !y 7 exempt$ f milit>y s]vice1 b !y paid a tax 9 money z did ! ,*ri/ians4 ,,notes ,,on ,,"p ,i #ca ,a4 ,h4 #bie 7,a4 ,d4 #hjg-h74 ,?is is ! date ( ,al-,mutadir's accession1 :o reign$ till ,a4 ,h4 #cbj 7,a4 ,d4 #icb72 cf4 ,w4 ,muir1 ,! ,caliphate1 p4 #eei4 #cb ,! life ( ,manr-al-allj is giv5 9 ,fihri/ 7ed4 ,flgel71 p4 #aij4 #cc ,! life ( #8,abd-al-dir ( ,jln is giv5 9 ,jami's ,nafaat 7ed4 ,lee71 p4 #ehd4 #cd ,! ,hakk>i c\ntry is a dep5d5cy ( ,mosul1 & inhabit$ by ,kurds & ,ne/orians2 cf4 p4 #ajd4 ,ibn aual1 ,ktb al-,maslik wal-,mamlik 7ed4 ,m4 ,j4 ,de ,goeje71 pp4 #adc f4 #ce ,yat1 ,,iv1 #cgc1 calls x ,laile & says t ei #8,ad liv$ !re4 #cf ,presumably ,yezd bn ,mu#8wiya1 ! second caliph 9 ! ,omayyid dyna/y1 :o reign$1 ,a4 ,d4 #fhj-hc2 cf4 ,w4 ,muir1 ,! ,caliphate1 p4 #cbg4 #cg ,! life ( asan al-,bar is giv5 9 ,ibn allikn4 ,he is n to be id5tifi$ ) asan al-,bar 7di$ #aaj ,a4 ,h41 :o1 accord+ to ,mohamm$an tradition1 fir/ po9t$ ! ,koran text1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,yay bn ,yam>4 #ch ,9 ,m5ant's ,yzidis1 #dh1 ! names ( ^! sev5 angels are some:at diff]5tly giv54 ,accord+ to ,mohamm$an tradition ,zazil or ,azazil 0 ! orig9al "n ( ! devil4 #ci ,by ! 8?rone0 "h is meant ! ?rone ( ,god1 & by ! 8c>pet0 ! e>?2 cf4 ,sura #fj3 #aca4 #dj ,accord+ to ,moslem belief1 :eat 0 ! =bidd5 fruit2 see ,baiwi on ,sura1 ii1 #cc4 #da ,kuns9iyat is an obscure t]m4 #db #8,a9 ,sifni is ab\t five miles f ,ba#8adrie2 cf4 ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh1 ,i1 #bgb4 #dc ,yat 7,,iii1 #aeh7 m5tions a simil> tradition4 #dd ,^! are indications ( ,mohamm$an influ5ce & c5sor%ip1 = no ,yezidi w ev] write 9 8 sacr$ book su* words z eitn1 ar1 etc4 #de ,t is1 ^? ( o!r religions4 #df ,sanja is a ,turki% ^w1 mean+ bann]2 x is ! "n by :i* ! ,yezidis g5]ally designate ! sacr$ image ( ,melek s4 #dg ,see note #bg4 #dh ,! ,h>ranian ,new ,ye> fell on ! fir/ day ( ,april1 & on ! six? day !y slaught]$ an ox & ate x2 cf4 ,fihri/1 #cbb4 #di ,a simil> practice is f\nd among ! ,p>sees ( ,india1 :o hang a /r+ ( leaves across ! entrances to _! h\ses at ! beg9n+ ( e ,new ,ye>4 #ej ,accord+ to ,babylonian my?ology1 human de/9y 0 decre$ on ! ,new ,ye>'s day & seal$ on ! t5? day2 cf4 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,v1 ,janu>y1 #aijg4 ,& accord+ to ,talmud 7,mina1 ,ro haana1 ,i3#b71 ,new ,ye>'s is ! mo/ important judgm5t day1 on :i* all creatures pass = judgm5t be=e ! ,creator4 ,on ?is day ?ree books are op5$1 :]e9 ! fate ( ! wick$1 ! righte\s1 & ^? ( ! int]m$iate class are record$4 ,h5ce pray] & works ( rep5tance are p]=m$ at ! ,new ,ye> f ! fir/ to ! t5? days1 t an unfavorable decision might be av]t$2 cf4 ,jewi% ,encyclop$ia1 8,p5it5tial ,day40 ,r4 ,akiba says3 8,on ,new ,ye> day all m5 are judg$2 & ! decree is seal$ on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t20 cf4 ibid41 8,day ( ,judgem5t40 #ea ,ibr al-,af> means 8! yell[ pit*]40 #eb ,bakb is a pit*] ) a n>r[ sp\t4 #ec ,m> ,mattie is a ,syrian mona/]y ab\t sev5 h\rs' ride ea/ ( ,mosul1 g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( ei ,mattie1 9 accordance ) ! g5]al cu/om ( %elt]+ a ,*ri/ian sa9t b5ea? a ,moslem title4 ,elijah is kn[n z ,al-ud]1 8! gre5 "o40 ,aphrates 0 bi%op ( ei ,mattie4 ,! *ur* ( ?is mona/]y is a l>ge build+1 *iefly int]e/+ z conta9+ ! tomb ( ! great ,b> ,hebraeus1 kn[n z ,abu-l-,f>aj1 :o 0 orda9$ at ,tripolis1 & became 9 #abdf ,a4 ,d4 ,metropolitan ( ,mosul4 ,he lies buri$1 ) 8 bro!r ,b>som1 9 ! 8,be? adieh0 7sanctu>y7 ( ! *ur*1 & ov] !m is plac$ ! inscription3 8,?is is ! grave ( ,m> ,gregorias1 & ( ,m> ,b>some 8 bro!r1 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,hebrew1 on ,m\nt ,elpep0 7! ,syriac "n = ,jabal ,malb74 #ed ,kani 9 ,kurdi% means a spr+2 z>r1 yell[4 ,9 ,kurdi%1 z 9 ,p]sian1 ! adjective usually foll[s ! modifi$ n\n2 cf4 ,t>tibi ,jadid1 ,ta#8alimi ,f>esi1 ,! ,new ,me?od = ,tea*+ ,p]sian 79 ! ,turki% language1 ed4 ,kasb>1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,a4 ,h4 #acab71 p4 #ah4 #ee ,jaw is a ,turki% ^w1 signify+ a s]geant4 #ef ,?is c]emony1 z well z ! names #8,arafat1 ,zamzam1 etc41 seems to be a m]e copy ( ! ,meccah ,pilgrimage4 #8,araft1 8,! ,m\nt ( ,recognition10 is situat$ twelve miles f ,mecca1 a place :]e ! pilgrims /ay on ! n9? day ( ! day ( ! pilgrimage1 & recite ! midday & aft]noon pray]4 ,! ,mohamm$an leg5d says1 t :5 our fir/ p>5ts =feit$ heav5 = eat+ :eat1 !y 7 ca/ d[n f ! ,p>adise1 ,adam fell on ! ,isle ( ,ceylon1 & ,eve ne> ,jiddah 7! port ( ,mecca7 9 ,arabia2 & t1 aft] sep>ation ( #bjj ye>s1 ,adam 0 conduct$ by ! ,angel ,gabriel to a m\nta9 ne> ,mecca1 :]e he f\nd & knew 8 wife1 ! m\nta9 be+ !n nam$ #8,arafat1 8,recognition40 #eg ,! god ,nisro* ( ,scripture1 ,,ii ,k+s #ai3cg2 ,isa4 #cg3 #ch4 #eh ,a sup]/iti\s "n signify+ an ill om54 #ei ,t is1 public pray]s l ^? ( ! ,mohamm$ans & ( ! ,*ri/ians2 cf4 ,al ,marik1 ,,ii1 #cac4 #fj ,! text has 8h] h&40 #fa ,:ile ! ,yezidis v5]ate #8,abd al-dir ( ,jln1 ! ,nusairis curse him2 cf4 ,j ,a ,o ,s1 ,,viii1 #bgd4 #fb ,?is belief is tak5 f ,mohamm$anism4 #fc ,! ,arabs wor%ip$ a deity "u ! =m ( a nasr 7eagle71 ,a-ahra/n1 ,,ii1 #dcd2 ,yaut1 ,,iv1 #ghj2 ,! ,syriac ,doctr9e ( ,addai 7ed4 ,george ,philips71 p4 #bd4 #fd ,cf4 ,g54 ,i3 #b1 & ! ,babylonian ,creation ,epic4 #fe ,t is ! spr+ ( ei #8,ad4 #ff ,! ref]5ce is to ,jabal ,malb1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,yezidi belief1 mov$ f its place ne> ,lali to enable e ,yezidi1 :]ev] he may be1 to direct 8 morn+ pray]s t[>d ! tomb ( #8,ad4 #fg ,! ,moslem beg9s 8 pray] by curs+ ! devil4 #fh ,t is a p]son ( ! same fai?1 a ,yezidi4 #fi ,a ,nuairi1 on ! contr>y1 may become a ,mohamm$an ) a ,mohamm$an1 a ,*ri/ian ) a ,*ri/ian1 & a ,jew ) a ,jew2 cf4 ,j ,a ,o ,s1 ,,vii1 #bih4 #gj ,! ,sabians did n eat purslane1 g>lic1 beans1 caulifl[]1 cabbage1 & l5tils2 cf4 ,b>4 ,hebraeus1 ,at-,tr1 ed4 ,a4 alani1 ,beirut1 #ahij1 #bff4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,critical ,,discussion ,,( ,,yezidism ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,religi\s ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,yezidis ,! orig9 ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s has be5 ! subject ( mu* controv]sy2 b aside f an expression ( views1 no satisfactory solution ( ! problem has z yet be5 rea*$4 ,! diff]5t !ories :i* h be5 advanc$ may be classifi$ "u f\r g5]al heads3 ,! ,my? ( ! ,yezidis !mselves2 ! tradition ( ,ea/]n ,*ri/ians2 ! dogmatic idea ( ! ,mohamm$an s*ol>s2 & ! speculative !ory ( ! we/]n ori5tali/s4 ,i ,,! ,,yezidi ,,my? ,! ,my? ( ! ,yezidis conc]n+ _! orig9 may be d]iv$ f ?ree diff]5t s\rces3 f _! sacr$ book1 f ! app5dix ( ! manuscript1 & f actual conv]sation ( travell]s ) !m or ) natives dwell+ among !m4 ,"o noticeable fact is t ?is tradition assumes ! religion ( ! sect z exi/+ long be=e ! "t ( _! *ief sa9t1 ei #8,ad4 ,al-,jilwah beg9s ) ! /atem5t t ,melek s s5t 8 s]vant1 i4 e41 ! ,yezidis1 t !y might n g a/ray4 ,/>t+ f ?is assumption1 ! writ] ( ! reveal$ book goes on to trace ! orig9 ( ! 8elect0 to ! v beg9n+ ( human hi/ory4 ,he ass]ts t f ! />t ,god creat$ !m z a peculi> p ( #8,azazil1 i4 e41 ,melek-s4 ,9 ! ma91 ?is idea f9ds expression 9 ! oral traditions4 ,b "h we h a mass ( mat]ial s cl\d$ by sup]/ition & ignorance t x is next to impossible to come to any conclusion z to ! hi/ory ( ?is int]e/+ p4 ,"o po9t ! my? repeat$ly emphasizes1 z an explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! sect1 is t x 0 desc5d$ f ,adam alone2 :ile ! o!r sects 7 desc5d$ f ,adam & ,eve4 ,= ?is reason1 ! same tradition implies1 ! ,yezidis are nobl] ?an ! o!rs4 ,b h[ !y h come to be su* unique desc5dants is a "q n easily answ]$4 ,"o acc\nt has x t :5 ,adam & ,eve disput$ z to ! g5]ation ( ! human race1 ea* claim+ to be ! sole begett] ( ! race1 !y f9ally agre$ to put _! se$ 9 sep>ate j>s & seal !m ) _! own seals4 ,aft] n9e mon?s !y op5$ ! j>s1 & 9 ,adam's j> !y f\nd two *ildr51 a male & a female4 ,f ^! two ! ,yezidis 7 desc5d$4 ,ano!r explanation is t f ,adam's ess5ce 0 born eh] bn ,jebr1 ( :om no?+ is kn[n2 & ( him1 a sep>ate community1 :i* is ! sect ( ,melek s4 ,we h1 moreov]1 ! tradition t ! ,yezidis are desc5dants ( a son born to ,adam ( 8 spittle4 ,n[ :e!r ?is son be id5tical ) eh] bn ,jebr is n c]ta94 ,writ+ 9 "o ( ! ori5tal p]iodicals1 an ea/]n s*ol> quotes a ,yezidi ei 9 a /atem5t :i* seems to corroborate ! tradition t ! ,yezidis are a noble prog5y ( ,adam2 b ! quotation diff]s f ! in/ance previ\sly cit$ 9 /at+ t ! qu>rel :i* took place betwe5 ,adam & ,eve l$ to _! sep>ation to places di/ant f ea* o!r a j\rney ( =ty days4#ga ,!re1 x is said1 ,adam miracul\sly gave bir? to a son4 ,di/ress$ by ?is incid5t1 ,eve ask$ ,god t %e might f9d favor 9 h] husb&'s eyes by giv+ bir? to a *ild4 ,!reupon1 x cont9ues1 %e begot a v pretty daught]4 ,attract$ by h] beauty1 ,adam m>ri$ h] to 8 son4 ,n[1 ! ,yezidis1 we are told1 are ! bless$ se$ ( ^! two *ildr54#gb ,n only :5 ! tradition1 trac+ ! orig9 ( ! ,yezidis z a race1 ass]ts t1 z a religi\s body1 !y come f a v anci5t "t2 b also :5 x speaks ( !m z a nation1 x po9ts out _! antiquity4 ,on ?is latt]1 z well z on ! =m] po9t1 _! book & _! oral tradition agree4 ,! ,yezidis are said to h sprung f a noble p]sonage1 ! ,k+ ( ,peace1 ^: "n 0 ,na-#8umi1 b :om !y n[ call ,melek-,miran4#gc ,! re/ ( mank9d1 h[ev]1 are f ! se$ ( ,ham1 :o mock$ 8 fa!r4 ,:om !y signifi$ by ,na-#8umi or ,miran x is h>d to say2 b x is likely t !y reg>d him z "o ( ! o!r two sons ( ,noah4 ,!y claim also t ! anci5t ,assyrian k+s 7 memb]s ( _! race1 & t "s ( ! ,p]sian1 ,roman & ,jewi% k+s 7 appo9t$ = !m by ,melek s4 ,!y likewise seem to trace _! orig9 to ! prophets & o!r p]sonages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 z ,se?1 ,eno*1 ,noah1 etc4 ,_! religion fur!rmore1 !y ass]t1 ant$ates ,*ri/4#gd ,!re is /ill ano!r tradition t traces ! devil-wor%ipp]s to a diff]5t orig94 ,i ref] to ! /atem5t :i* ,masehaf ,re makes reg>d+ ,mu#8awiya1 ,mohamm$'s s]vant4#ge ,mu#8awiya 0 ask$ by 8 ma/] to %ave 8 head4 ,:ile p]=m+ ! duty1 he cut ! prophet's scalp1 & began to lick ! ble$+ spot4 ,:5 he 0 told t ?is act w\ld result 9 8 giv+ bir? to a nation :i* w\ld oppose ! foll[]s ( 8 ma/]1 ,mu#8awiya decl>$ t he w\ld n m>ry4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 bitt5 by a s]p5t1 & 0 told t he w\ld die unless he m>ri$4 ,he !re=e cons5t$ to m>ry1 b *ose an old woman 9 ord] n to h *ildr54 ,b %e miracul\sly became a "y woman ( tw5ty-five4 ,& f h] ! ,god ,yezid 0 born4 ,! /ory1 ( c\rse1 is a my?1 & x is ( su* a nature t no hi/oric fact c be d]iv$ f x4 ,x is fur!r complicat$ by ! fact t ?is ,yezid is id5tifi$ ) ,melek s2 &1 9 ano!r my?1 is repres5t$ 9 =m z be+ half angel & half man & z rema9+ a ba*elor long aft] ! m>riage ( ,adam4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 f9ally possess$ ( a desire to m>ry1 &1 unable to m>ry a mortal's daught]1 be+ himself half angel1 s\ght ! assi/ance ( ,melek s1 :o pres5t$ to him an ouri1 & f ?is union !re sprang a pi\s p1 ! ,yezidis4 ,b ! devil-wor%ipp]s h /ill ano!r /ory1 :i* goes to %[ t ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya is n _! f\nd]4 ,?is my? ass]ts t !y are ! prog5y ( ,adam's son :o 0 m>ri$ to ,eve's daught]2 t ! desc5dants cont9u$ wor%ipp+ ,god & ,melek s )\t br++ a =eign elem5t into _! religion2 & t1 at fir/1 ! sect did n be> ! "n ,yezidis1 :i*1 9 _! own op9ion1 is a comp>atively new appellative4 ,z to h[ !y came to be call$ by ?is new "n1 x is expla9$ t :51 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 "s corruption ent]$ ! ,yezidi religion1 !re arose a c]ta9 ,calif by ! "n ( ,yezid :o wr\ght miracles4 ,s9ce !n1 8 foll[]s h be5 call$ ,yezidis4 ,?is ,yezid1 x is said1 is ! son ( ,mu#8awiya bn ,sufian1 & 8 "m 0 ( ,*ri/ian orig94 ,to accompli% 8 desire1 bn ,mu#8awiya w5t to ei #8,adi1 :o 0 a le>n$ & dev\t b cunn+ p]son1 & _h in/itut$ a religi\s innovation4 ,yezid1 ! tradition cont9ues1 le>n$ #8,adi's religion & taught x to 8 foll[]s2 &1 f t "t on1 ! sect came to be call$ aft] him4#gf ,b :ile "s1 consid]+ ?is leg5d z au?oritative1 v5]ate ! man be>+ ! "n1 o!rs d5y all connection ) him4#gg ,! te/imony ( "s travell]s (f]s ano!r explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! sect 9 "q1 an acc\nt :i* has p]haps m hi/orical significance ?an ! prec$+ !ories4 ,x is /at$ t ! ,yezidis h a tradition to ! effect t !y came f ,barah & f ! c\ntry wat]$ by ! l[] "p ( ! ,euphrates2 t aft] _! emigration !y fir/ settl$ 9 ,syria1 & subsequ5tly took possession ( ! ,s9j> ,hill & ! di/rict n[ inhabit$ 9 ,kurdi/an4 ,z to ! date ( _! settlem5t 9 ,mesopotamia1 no positive in=mation c be obta9$4 ,"s s*ol>s inf] t x took place ab\t ! "t ( ,tam]lane1 t[>d ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4#gh ,x is relat$ t ! devil-wor%ipp]s hold t1 among _! own numb]1 ! anci5t "n = ,god is ,azd1 & f x ! "n ( ! sect is d]iv$2#gi t ! conviction t !y are ,yezidis1 i4 e41 ,god's p1 has be5 _! consolation & com=t ?r\gh ! ages 9 _! tribulations2#hj & t !y h tak5 _m religi\s obs]vances f diff]5t bodies--,mohamm$ans1 ,*ri/ians1 ,jews1 ,pagan ,arabs1 ,%iites1 & ,sabaians4 ,besides ^! diff]5t explanations ( ! orig9 ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s z desc5dants ( ,adam1 ( ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya1 z be+ ( ! colony f ! nor?1 z tak+ _! "n f ,azd1 ,god1 !re is ano!r acc\nt4 ,i ref] to a my? :i* is curr5t among ! p ( ,sei/an1 an ea/]n prov9ce ( ,p]sia1 :]e !re are a consid]able numb] ( ^! ,%aitan p>a/s 7devil wor%ipp]s73 8,9 =m] times !re exi/$ a prophet nam$ analalah1 ^: life 0 prolong$ to ! measure ( a ?\s& ye>s4 ,he 0 _! rul] & b5efactor2 & z by 8 ag5cy1 _! flocks gave bir? to lambs & kids miracul\sly once a week1 ?\gh ignorant ( ! use ( money1 !y1 ) mu* gratitude to him1 procur$ all ! com=ts ( life4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 he di$1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 :om atan1 presum+ on 8 inexp]i5ce1 tempt$ to s9 by ent]+ a l>ge mulb]ry tree1 :5 he address$ ! successor ( analalah1 & call$ on him to wor%ip ! pr9ce ( d>kness4 ,a/oni%$1 yet un%ak51 ! y\? resi/$ ! temptation4 ,b ! miracle prov$ too mu* = ! con/ancy ( 8 flock1 :o n[ began to turn to ! wor%ip ( ! devil4 ,! "y prophet1 enrag$ at ?is1 seiz$ an axe & a saw1 & prep>$ to cut d[n ! tree4 ,he 0 arre/$ 9 ?is by ! appe>ance ( a human be+1 :o exclaim$1 #8,ra% boy1 desi/6 ,turn to me & let u wre/le = ! victory4 ,if y conqu]1 !n fell ! tree4' 8,! prophet cont5d$ & vanqui%$ 8 oppon5t1 :o1 h[ev]1 b\ght 8 own safety & t ( ! tree by ! promise ( a l>ge weekly treasure4 ,aft] sev5 days ! holy victor aga9 visit$ ! tree to claim ! gold or fell x to ! gr\nd2 b ,satan p]suad$ him to haz>d ano!r /ruggle on ! promise t1 if he conqu]$ aga91 ! am\nt %\ld be d\bl$4 ,?is second enc\nt] prov$ fatal to ! y\?4 ,he 0 put to dea? by 8 spiritual antagoni/1 & ! result confirm$ ! tribes ov] :om he _h rul$ 9 _! wor%ip ( ! tree & its tutel>y demon40#ha ,accord+ to ?is leg5d1 ! atan p>a/s are ! victims ( _! "y prophet :o1 z long z he 0 actuat$ by a dis9t]e/$ zeal = religion1 0 victori\s ov] ! pr9ciple ( evil2 b fail$ z soon z t zeal gave place to a sordid cupidity = e>?ly treasure4 ,i h dwelt ^u ! sup]/iti\s !ories ( ! ,yezidis !mselves reg>d+ _! religi\s orig91 n because ^! !ories h an importance 9 !mselves1 b because ( _! be>+ ^u ! views advanc$ by mod]n s*ol>s4 ,! s*ol>s h bas$ _! !ories on "s ( ^! conflict+ /ories )\t suffici5t criticism4 ,i %all dwell ^u ?is m at l5g? lat] on4 ,,ii ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,tradition ,b ! my? ( ! ,yezidis is n ! only acc\nt t attempts to trace _! religi\s orig92 ! ea/]n ,*ri/ians h a tradition t gives a diff]5t int]pretation4 ,x is to ! effect t ! p 9 "q 7 orig9ally ,*ri/ians1 b t ignorance br\ght !m into _! pres5t condition4 ,! tradition runs t ! %r9e ( ei #8,adi 0 =m]ly a ,ne/orian mona/]y :i* 0 not$ = ! devotion ( its monks1 b t ^! 7 tempt$ by ! devil & left _! conv5t4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,mona/]y 0 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,?addeus or ,addai1#hb "o ( ! sev5ty-two disciples :o1 aft] ! asc5sion ( our ,"l1 0 s5t to ,k+ ,abg> ( ,edessa4 ,x is said t ! temple ( #8,adi has a conv5ticle resembl+ t at ,j]usalem4#hc ,! /ory ( h[ ! cloi/] 0 des]t$ is z foll[s3 ,on a great fea/ day1 :ile ! h]mits be>+ ! cross w5t 9 procession ar\nd ! *ur*1 !y saw1 hang+ on a tree1 a piece ( pap] ) ?is inscription3 8,o ye dev\t monks6 ,let x be kn[n to y t ,god has =giv5 all y\r s9s1 great & small2 cease to und]go religi\s ex]cises2 leave y\r h]mitage2 disp]se1 m>ry & re> *ildr54 ,peace be unto y60 ,on ! second day !y obs]v$ ! same ?+1 & 7 l$ to dispute among !mselves :e!r ?is 7 a device ( ,god or ( a devil4 ,:5 on ! ?ird day ! same incid5t 0 repeat$1 !y agre$ to leave ! abbey & foll[ :at seem$ to !m a div9e ord]4 ei #8,adi1 ! leg5d goes on1 _h =etold to ! ,yezidis ( t di/rict t ! monks ( ?is mona/]y w\ld des]t _! place1 w\ld become ,yezidis1 w\ld m>ry & beget *ildr52 t he w\ld die dur+ t "t2 & t he wi%es 8 foll[]s to pull d[n ! alt> ( ! *ur* 9 t priory & bury him !re4 ,%ortly aft] ! fulfilm5t ( 8 prophecy1 ! ei di$1 & 0 entomb$ 9 ! place ( ! alt>4 ,& s9ce t "t1 x is ass]t$1 ! spot has become ! sanctu>y ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,9 support ( ?is /atem5t1 x is argu$1 t !re 0 a ,syriac inscription 9 ! temple m5tion+ ! "n ( ! f\nd] ( ! mona/]y & ! patri>* 9 ^: "t x 0 built2 t "s ( ! ,yezidis !mselves be> te/imony to ?is fact1 & say !y h remov$ ! writ+ f its =m] place & h hidd5 x at ! entrance to #8,adi's temple1 a spot ! :]eab\ts ( :i* only a few ( !m "k4 ,! reason :y ?is record is hidd51 x is expla9$1 is ! fe> t ! ,ne/orians may see x & reclaim ! *ur*4#hd ,su* is ! ea/]n ,*ri/ian's tradition relative to ! orig9 ( ! ,yezidis4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 m]ely a leg5d2 b its "* is su* z to require c>eful exam9ation & critical /udy4 ,x may embody a measure ( tru? t w indirectly ?r[ "s light on ! subject 9 h&4 ,"o noticeable ?+ reg>d+ ?is curr5t view is t x is n a rec5t inv5tion2 else x might be said to be ! creation ( ignorance at a "t f> remov$ f ! ev5t :i* x records4 ,assemani1 himself an ori5tal ( di/+ui%$ s*ol>%ip1 9 t "p ( 8 book :]e9 he treats ( ! religion ( ,mesopotamia1 accord+ to ! natives ( ! c\ntry1 says t ! ,yezidis 7 at "o "t ,*ri/ians1 :o1 h[ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 _h =gott5 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( _! fai?4#he ,?is /atem5t is incorporat$ 9 ! writ+s ( all we/]n ori5tals t h travell$ 9 ! ,ea/4#hf ,ano!r ?+ wor?y ( notice is t ! ,*ri/ians %\ld h su* a sacr$ reg>d = 8 tradition z to h& x d[n to po/]ity at ! risk ( _! own reputation4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,*ri/ians are n *]i%+ ?is !ory ) any expectation ( receiv+ honor by assum+ relation ) ! ,yezidis4 ,! devil-wor%ipp]s are utt]ly despis$ by all _! neighbors4 ,nor d !y d x out ( love1 t !y may ar\se ! sympa?y ( ! dom9at+ race = ?is degrad$ p4 ,ori5tal ,*ri/ians !mselves despise ! ,yezidi sect4 ,!y w\ld n1 & c\ld n1 help !m4 ,!re mu/ !n be "s tru? 9 a leg5d t leads ! *ur* to reg>d a despis$ p z hav+ be5 at "o "t co-religioni/s4 ,7 ! antiquity ( ! tradition1 & ! unfavorable result :i* its ent]ta9m5t causes1 ! only two reasons = its consid]ation1 we might j z well dismiss x4 ,b !re are o!r ?+s :i* g to po9t out "s hi/oric facts und]ly+ ! curr5t !ory4 ,"o su* fact is t ! family "n ( ! ,yezidis ar\nd ,mosul is ,das5i1 plur ,dawas54 ,! ,*ri/ians & ! ,mohamm$ans "k !m by ?is "n1 & !y !mselves also use x1 & say x is ! anci5t "n ( _! race1 exi/+ f "t immemorial4#hg ,n[ ,das5i1 or ,dasaniyat1 0 ! "n ( a ,ne/orian ,diocese1 ! disappe>ance ( :i* is simultane\s ) ! appe>ance ( ! ,yezidis 9 ^! places4#hh ,x is /at$1 moreov]1 t all ! p ( ,s9j> 7 =m]ly ,*ri/ians1 belong+ to ! anci5t ,syriac ,*ur* & hav+ a v prom95t diocese1 :i* 0 call$ ! diocese ( aki1 i4 e41 ,s9j>2 & t ! diocese cont9u$ to exi/ till ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury3 ,:at goes to v]ify ?is tradition is t1 at pres5t1 !re is a libr>y at ,jabal ,s9j>1 "u ! control ( ! ,yezidis1 t consi/s ( anci5t ,syriac books4 ,!y are kept 9 a small room gu>d$ by a ,yezidi4 ,on ,sunday & ,friday ( e week !y burn inc5se & light lamps 9 honor ( ! manuscripts2 & once a mon? !y take !m out 9 ! sun to du/ & to pres]ve !m f de/ruction by dampness4 ,aft] ! door is lock$1 ! key is kept by ! ei1 besides :om & 8 son no "o else is all[$ to t\* ! books4 ,:at is m int]e/+1 ! p ( ,s9j> say !y h inh]it$ ! libr>y f _! =efa!rs1 :o 7 ,*ri/ians4#hi ,x is po9t$ out1 fur!rmore1 t ! names ( ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ! ,yezidis are ,syriac4 ,ba#8ika comes f 8! h\se ( ! falsely accus$1 or oppress$02 ,ba#8adrie f 8! place ( help or refuge02 ,bazanie f 8! h\se ( visions or inspiration02 ,talz f 8! hill ( suff]+10 :]e _m ,*ri/ians 7 m>tyr$ by ,p]sians4 ,^! are a few ( _m ,yezidi villages hav+ ,syriac names4 ,! ,yezidis h religi\s practices :i* are to be f\nd only 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,i mean ! rites ( baptism & ! ,eu*>i/4 ,x is true t ! use ( wat] z a rite is practis$ by o!r non-,*ri/ian sects1 su* z ! ,m&eans2 b x is argu$ t ?is ord9ance z obs]v$ by ! ,yezidis is s simil> to t ( ! ,*ri/ians t its orig9 is to be trac$ back to ,*ri/ianity1 r ?an to any o!r sy/em4 ,l _! neighbors1 ! ,dawas5i mu/ if possible baptize _! *ildr5 at ! e>lie/ age4 ,9 p]=m+ ! rite1 ! ei1 l ! ,*ri/ian prie/1 puts 8 h& ^u ! *ild's head4 ,9 reg>d to ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's supp]1 x is /rictly ,*ri/ian 9 "*4 ,! ,yezidis call ! cup ! cup ( ,isa 7,jesus72 & :5 a c\ple m>ry1 !y g to a ,*ri/ian t[n to p>take ( ,al-iddas 7! ,eu*>i/7 f ! h& ( a prie/1 a cu/om :i* prevails among ea/]n ,*ri/ians4 ,:at requires special note is t ?is practice is obs]v$ :]e ! ,yezidi influ5ce is n v /rong1 a fact :i* seems to indicate t ! ,apo/ate ,nas>a1 :o liv$ remote f /rongly ,yezidis+ influ5ces1 7 able to reta9 "s ( _! orig9ally mu* favor$ practices1 & vice v]sa4#ij ,f9ally1 ! ,dawas5i ent]ta9 great rev]5ce = ,*ri/ianity & ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts4 ,!y respect ! *ur*es & tombs ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & kiss ! doors & walls :5 !y ent] !m2 b !y nev] visit a ,mohamm$an mosque4 ,9 ! ,black ,book a /atem5t is made t on h] way to ! h\se ( h] bridegroom1 a bride %\ld visit ! temple ( e idol %e passes by1 ev5 if x be a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4#ia ,!y h also pr(ess$ rev]5ce = #8,isa 7,jesus74 ,!y affect m atta*m5t to ,an-,naara ?an to ,mohamm$ans4 ,su* a religi\s aff9ity _c be fully acc\nt$ = on any o!r gr\nd ?an t ( _! s9c]e respect = ,*ri/ianity1 a feel+ :i* cle>ly indicates t ^! p mu/ at "o "t h _h a v close connection ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is intimate relation _c be expla9$ by _! ignorance1 or by k9dr$ exp]i5ces1 z "s s*ol>s seem to ?9k4#ib ,x is true ! ,*ri/ians h be5 co-suff]]s ) !m2 bo? h liv$ = g5]ations "u ! same yoke ( bondage & oppression & "u simil> circum/ances4 ,b ?is alone c\ld n create sympa?y betwe5 !m4 ,su* an assumption _c be v]ifi$ by ! facts collect$ ?r\gh our obs]vation ( ! ,yezidis' "* z a religi\s body4 ,!y are s9c]e 9 _! beliefs1 & nev] compromise 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,hi/ory has %[n aga9 & aga9 t !y h suff]$ m>tyrdom = _! fai?1 9 :i* !y h be5 z s9c]e & un%ak5 z h be5 ! h]oes ( any religion4 ,no matt] h[ un$ucat$ !y may be1 !y are n hypocrites 9 _! fai?4 ,! !ory is also refut$ by our und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ! aff9ity 9 "q betwe5 ! ,yezidis & ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is n a matt] ( sympa?y b ( religion4 ,!y believe 9 "s =ms ( ,*ri/ianity2 & :5 !y visit a *ur*1 !y want to ex]cise _! fai? & n to express _! sympa?y4 ,:at is m1 ! ea/]n ,*ri/ians h no sympa?y = ! devil wor%ipp]s1 at lea/1 n m ?an !y h = any o!r religi\s body4 ,su* an aff9ity is want+ betwe5 ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians or ! ,yezidis1 yet !y all live "u ! same conditions4 ,i am n "h advocat+ ! !ory1 or imply+1 t ! ,yezidi sect is a corrupt =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 b am simply aim+ to %[ t if ! simil>ity ( a c]ta9 religion ) ano!r 9 "s phases be tak5 z a gr\nd = ! explanation ( its orig91 ! ,*ri/ian tradition c be reg>d$ z a m probable !ory to acc\nt = ! rise ( ,yezidism ?an any o!r view3 ,&1 h5ce1 to po9t out1 :at seems to me to be ! be/ position1 t ! explanation mu/ be f\nd ultimately 9 "s hi/orical docum5t :i* w give u a reasonable clew 9 ! trac+ ( ! sect 9 "q to its f\nd]4 ,,iii ,,! ,,speculative ,,!ories ,,( ,,we/]n ,,ori5tali/s ,?us f> we h be5 deal+ ) ! diff]5t !ories reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ! ,yezidis held 9 ! ,ea/3 ! my? ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s !mselves1 ! ,*ri/ian tradition4 ,n[ we turn our att5tion to ! ,we/1 :i* also has express$ itself on ?is subject4 ,! degree ( int]e/ %[n 9 ?is p>ticul> case1 h[ev]1 diff]s ) diff]5t nationalities4 ,! ,engli%-speak+ s*ol>s come fir/2 next come ! ,fr5*2 !n ! ,russians2 & f9ally ! ,italians4 ,! ,g]man s*ol>s seem to be int]e/$ ma9ly 9 c]ta9 words & fe/ive ev5ts4 ,&1 9 ! discussion ( ^!1 !y g s f> 9 _! unb\nd$ speculation t "o _c tell :e!r ! p !y deal ) are ! ,yezidis 9 "q1 ,assyrians1 ,babylonians1 ,canaanites1 ,greeks1 ,romans or ,jews4 ,! ,g]man writ]s d n seem to be int]e/$ s mu* 9 ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ?is p z a sect1 unless !y reg>d ! "q z settl$ on ! gr\nd ( ! ,yezidis' own /atem5t t !y are ! desc5dants ( ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya4 ,to tell ! tru?1 ! rise ( ! int]e/ 9 ! inquiry ab\t ! f\nd] ( ?is sect on a sci5tific basis1 is due1 )\t "q1 to ! s*ol>%ip ( ! ,we/4 ,& any solution ( ! problem 7& x does n matt] :o does ! "w71 9 ! la/ analysis1 mu/ be accr$it$ to ! influ5ces emanat+ f ^! s*ol>s & ^! s*ol>s only4 ,nev]!less mod]n ori5tali/s h be5 f> f approa*+ ! solution ( ! "q4 ,?is may be due 9 "p to ! extreme int]e/ :i* !y h tak5 9 ! matt]1 an int]e/ :i* l$ !m to accept ! ph5om5a )\t critical exam9ation4 ,b ! inductive /udy ( _! respective writ+s t5ds to %[ t ?is is due to _! me?od ( proc$ure r ?an to any?+ else4 ,!y h employ$ ! philosophical & n ! hi/orical me?od4#ic ,i d n mean to d5y ! value ( su* a c\rse ( inve/igation 9 que/ions p]ta9+ to religion1 b :at ,i d mean to say is t ! me?od ( ! s*ol>s 9 "q is almo/ purely speculative1 & !y d n seem to appeal to hi/orical facts 9 support ( _! assumptions4 ,! inevitable consequ5ce has be51 !re=e1 t 9 _! !ories !re exi/s an unc]ta9ty & indef9it5ess t puzzles ! /ud5t ( hi/ory4 ,ano!r fact :i* ! inductive /udy ( ! views ( ! we/]n s*ol>s reveals is t _! !ories are no?+ m nor less ?an ! expression ( ! ,yezidis' tradition 9 t]ms ( mod]n s*ol>%ip1 )\t1 h[ev]1 ! %[+ ( reasons = s do+4 ,?is fact w be prov$ pres5tly :5 we %all exam9e _! respective writ+s4 ,we/]n ori5tali/s are divid$ into ?ree s*ools ( op9ion on ! "q ( ! religi\s orig9 ( ! ,yezidis4 ,!re are ^? :o hold t ! sect takes its rise f ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya4 ,?is view is advocat$ by a mod]n writ]1 :o says1 8,! ,arabs :o accept$ ,mohamm$ call$ ^? :o did n ,al-jahale51 i4 e41 ! ignorant ones4 ,among ! latt] 0 ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya :o refus$ to accompany ,mu#8awiya1 8 fa!r1 z an att5dant ^u 8 p]son4 ,_m ( ! ignorant ones ralli$ ar\nd ,yezid1 & he became ! nucleus ( ! sect t appropriat$ 8 "n4 ,! ,yezidis possess a g5ealogical tree by means ( :i* !y trace _! religi\s orig9 back to him40#id ,n[1 ! gr\nd = ?is ass]tion1 ! writ] does n give2 he is entirely sil5t z to ! s\rce ( 8 in=mation4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t he is reg>d+ ! sup]/iti\s !ory ( ! ,yezidis z a fact )\t mak+ any reflection ^u x4 ,he also seems to be confus+ ?is ,yezid ) 8 uncle ( ! same "n1 :o1 ) ,mu#8awiya 8 bro!r came 9 company ) _! fa!r ,abu ,s(ian1 to ,mohamm$ to receive pres5ts f ! ,prophet4 ,b ! ,arab hi/orians tell u t n only ,abu ,s(ian & ea* ( 8 two sons receiv$ a hundr$ camels b t !y 7 ea* pres5t$ ) =ty ounces ( silv]4#ie ,!n1 too1 _m s*ol>s d5y t ! "n ,yezidis is ! orig9al appellation4 ,"s ass]t x 0 put ^u !m by ! ,mohamm$ans z a t]m ( reproa*4#if ,o!rs ma9ta9 t ! sect adopt$ ! "n ,yezid1 son ( ,mu#8awiya to secure tol]ation at ! h&s ( ! ,mohamm$ans4#ig ,b ! s*ol> quot$ may ent]ta9 ! view ( ^? :o say t ! ,yezidis are really ! foll[]s ( ,ibn ,mu#8awiya2 b t !y d5y x = fe> ( p]secution on ! "p ( ,%iites4 ,^! latt] hate ,yezid1 because he murd]$ #8,ali's son1 ,huse91 :o is reg>d$ by !m z _! true ,imam4 ,?is inf]5ce is f\nd$ on ! !ory t ! ,mohamm$ans ( ,p]sia consid] ! p 9 "q z desc5dants ( ! ,calif ^: "n is odi\s to !m4#ih ,b x is n c]ta9 t ! foll[]s ( #8,ali ent]ta9 su* a view reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ! ,yezidis4 ,&1 if !y d1 !y h no hi/orical facts to ju/ify !m 9 _! op9ion4 ,_! hatr$ ( ! sect c be bett] expla9$ on ! basis ( ! relation ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s to ,yezid bn ,unaisa4 ,= he 0 "o ( ^? :o mo/ bitt]ly hat$ #8,ali2 see pp4 #aba1 #abb1 #abh ( ?is book4 ,fur!rmore1 ! !ory ( ?is s*ool is neutraliz$ by ! fact t none ( ! ,arab hi/orians m5tions ! son ( ! fir/ ,calif 9 ! ,omayyid dyna/y z a f\nd] ( any h]etical sect4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y all agree t he 0 n only a ,mohamm$an b a successor ( ! prophet1 be+ ! second calif 9 ! ,omayyid dyna/y4 ,ibn allikan m5tions 8 "n two or ?ree times1 & says t 8 works 7 collect$4 ,he says no?+1 h[ev]1 z to 8 f\nd+ any religi\s s*ism4 ,!re is /ill ano!r s*ool among ! we/]n ori5tali/s4 ,i mean ^? :o hold t ! religion ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s is ( ,p]sian orig94 ,!y are ( two w+s4 ,!re are ^? :o take _! me?od ( proc$ure f ! "n ,yezid or ,yazd4 ,!y argue t ?is t]m 9 ,p]sian1 ,yazd 7pla ,yazdn71 ,ave/an ,yezata1 #8wor?y ( wor%ip'1 means ,god1 or good _s1 ov] aga9/ ,ahriman1 ! evil pr9ciple4 ,h5ce1 ! "n ,yezid1 accord+ to !m1 indicates ! p t believe 9 ?is good god4 ,to ! objection t ! ,yezidis wor%ip ! evil _s1 answ] is made t ,yezid ,f]f] is ! "n ( ! att5dant ( ! evil _s among ! ,p>sees4#ii ,o!rs believe t ! ^w 8,yezid0 signifies ,god4 ,x indicates 9 ! plural ! obs]v]s ( sup]/iti\s doctr9es z may be se5 by ! idol ,yezid1 :i* ! ,bi%op ( ,nagham ov]?rew4#ajj ,/ill o!rs say t 9 ! tradition ( ^! p ,yezid mu/ h be5 an abbreviat$ =m ( ,aez-da-,khuda1 t is1 creat$ ( ,god4 ,9 support ( ?is !ory1 x is claim$ t 9 reality ! ,yezidis wor%ip ,god & n ! devil4 ,x is ?\ght by _m1 too1 t ! ,yezidis d]ive _! "n f ,yazd1 or ,yezid1 a "n ( a t[n 9 ,c5tral ,p]sia1 ( :i* ! ,p>sees =m ! pr9cipal "p ( ! inhabitants4#aja ,! o!r w+ ( ! second s*ool attempts to trace ! orig9 ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s to a ,p]sian s\rce on ! basis ( c]ta9 resemblances betwe5 ! two religions4 ,conspicu\s among ! repres5tatives ( ?is s*ool is ,pr(essor ,a4 ,v4 ,jackson1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,?is di/+ui%$ s*ol> is consid]$ an em95t au?ority on ,iranian religions1 & p>ticul>ly an eye-witness au?ority on ! ,yezidi "q4 ,8 views1 !re=e1 n only des]ve c>eful consid]ation1 b !y dem& _! full %>e 9 solv+ su* an important problem z ! "o "u discussion4 ,i h pref]r$ 8 discussion ( ?is !ory to t ( o!rs because he has express$ himself cle>ly & consi/5tly & )\t r5d]+ himself liable to misappreh5sion on ! "p ( ! read]4 ,briefly /at$1 ,dr4 ,jackson's position is z foll[s3 8,! ,yezidis may actually %[ "s surviv+ traces ( old devil-wor%ip 9 ,maz&>an1 :i* ,zoroa/] ana!matiz$ s bitt]ly10 & 8"s old rem9isc5ces ( common ,iranian fai?40 ,to v]ify ?is hypo!sis1 he proce$s to po9t out _m in/ances4 ,"o example he cites is t 8! ,yezidis are %ock$ if "o spits ^u ! e>?1 because !y int]pret ?is z an insult to ! devil40 ,he traces ?is abhorr5ce to 8,zoroa/rian prescription1 =bidd+ ! e>? 9 any way to be defil$40 8,! ,daevayasna or devil-wor%ipp]s 9 ,ave/a10 he goes on to say1 8may indirectly h _h a k9dr$ notion1 i4 e41 n m5tion+ ! "n ( ,satan40 ,moreov] ?is ,am]ican critic is in=m$ t ! ,yezidis 8believe 9 a fa!r primeval1 t liv$ be=e ,adam1 & did n fall into s940 ,& ?is in=mation leads him to ?9k t su* a notion helps 8! ,zoroa/rian /ud5t to recognize at once a f>-(f rem9isc5ce ( ,ave/an ,gaya-,ma%ai1 ! ,iranian ,adam & ,eve40#aja ,"o noticeable ?+ 9 favor ( ! two s*ools is t _! me?od is /rictly sci5tific1 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! t]m4 ,x is a po/]iori & n a priori2 x is inductive4 ,yet h[ev] sci5tific _! me?od may seem to be _! conclusions _c be accept$ z f9al4 ,= ! inductive me?od1 accord+ to ! great ,fr5* sci5ti/1 ,po9c>1 _c give u exact k because its exp]im5ts d n cov] all ! in/ances 9 a giv5 case4 ,!re c be only a p>tial v]ification4 ,!re w always rema9 "s ph5om5a t _c be br\ght )9 ! sph]e ( a p>ticul> obs]vation4#ajb ,n[1 ?is is exactly ! case 9 ! subject "u consid]ation4 ,only 9 "s phases does ! ,yezidi religion resemble t ( ! old ,p]sians4 ,!re are o!r beliefs :i* d n come "u ?is category1 & :i* seem to be> ! traces ( "s o!r religions4 ,:at are we to d ) ^!8#ajc ,! advocates ( ! !ory 9 "q admit t su* is ! case1 b !y ass]t t 8! resemblances ( ! ,yezidi religion to ,*ri/ianity & ,islam are accid5tal02 t 8ow+ to ! resid5ce ( ! ,yezidis among ! ,mohamm$ans1 ! sect naturally has mu* 9 common ) ,islam40#ajd ,b :y are ! resemblances to ,iranism n to be acc\nt$ = 9 ! same way z ^? to o!r religions8 ,:y may n equally /rong inf]5ce be made f ! lik5ess to ,*ri/ianity8 ,& :at is ! basis ( su* a discrim9ation8 ,on ^! que/ions we are left entirely 9 ! d>k4 ,n[1 x is ?is lack ( gr\nd = _! me?od ( proc$ure t leads "o to seek ! solution ( ! problem on "s o!r v]ifiable hypo!sis4 ,!re is /ill ano!r s*ool among ! we/]n ori5tali/s4 ,i ref] to ^? :o ma9ta9 t ! ,yezidi sect 0 f\nd$ by ei #8,adi4 ,a mod]n writ] :o holds ?is !ory1 aft] critically review+ ! views held by ! diff]5t s*ol>s1 proce$s to advance 8 own idea4 ,to emphasize x1 & leave no room = fur!r criticism1 he claims t ! !ory has be5 8g5]ally0 accept$4 ,to quote3 8,x is g5]ally agre$ ^u t ! sect ( ! ,yezidis 0 f\nd$ by ei #8,adi4 ,he is a hi/orical p]sonage1 b x is exce$+ly difficult1 & almo/ impossible1 to e/abli% any hi/orical facts out ( ! mi/ ( v fanta/ic /ories curr5t ab\t him40#aje ,he supports 8 notion by an appeal to an ,arab au?or1 ,kasi ,ahmad ibn-allikan1 f :om1 accord+ to ?is writ]1 an extract relat+ to ei #8,adi 0 publi%$ by "o :o = ye>s 0 a resid5t ( ! city ( ,mosul4#ajf ,?is /atem5t t ,ibn allikan gives ! biography ( #8,adi is a fact t _c be que/ion$2 b t #8,adi f\nd$ ! ,yezidi sect is a !ory t is by no means 8g5]ally agre$ ^u40 ,nor c x be sub/antiat$4 ,to ju/ify ?is position1 let me quote 9 full :at ! ,arab biograph] & two o!r ,mohamm$an s*ol>s h to say on ! problem4 #a ,:at ,ibn allikan has to say on ei #8,adi3 8,! ei #8,adi ,ibn ,masafir ,al-,hakk>i 0 an ascetic1 celebrat$ = ! hol9ess ( 8 life1 & ! f\nd] ( a religi\s ord] call$ aft] him ,al-#8,adawiah4 ,8 reputation spread to di/ant c\ntries1 & ! numb] ( 8 foll[]s increas$ to a great multitude4 ,_! belief 9 8 sanctity 0 s excessive t1 9 say+ _! pray]s1 !y took him = _! ibla2 & imag9$ t 9 ! next life !y w\ld h 9 him _! mo/ preci\s treasure & _! be/ support4 ,be=e ?is1 he _h z a disciple a great numb] ( em95t eis & m5 rem>kable = _! hol9ess4 ,he !n retir$ f ! _w & fix$ 8 resid5ce among ! m\nta9s ( ! ,hakk>i1 ne> ,mosul1 :]e he built a cell 7or a mona/]y7 & ga9$ ! favor ( ! p 9 t c\ntry to a degree unexampl$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! an*orites4 ,x is said t ! place ( 8 bir? 0 a village call$ ,bait ,f>1 situat$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,baalbek1 & t ! h\se 9 :i* he 0 born is /ill visit$ 7z a place ( sanctity74 ,he di$ ,a4 ,h4 #eeg 7,a4 ,d4 #aafb71 or z "s say ,a4 ,h4 #eee1 9 ! t[n :]e he resid$ 79 ! ,hakk>i region74 ,he 0 int]r$ 9 ! mona/]y t he _h erect$4 ,8 tomb is mu* frequ5t$1 be+ consid]$ by 8 foll[]s "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ spots to :i* a pilgrimage c be made4 ,8 desc5dants cont9ue to we> ! same di/9ctive attire z he did & to walk 9 8 foot/eps4 ,! confid5ce plac$ 9 _! m]its is equal to t =m]ly %[n to _! ance/or1 & l him !y are treat$ ) pr(\nd respect4 ,abu ,ib>akat ibn ,al-,mu/awfi notices ! ei #8,adi 9 8 hi/ory ( ,arbela1 & places him 9 ! li/ ( ^? p]sons :o visit$ t city4 ,muzaff> ,ad-,d91 ! sov]eign ( ,arbela1 said t :5 a boy he saw ! ei #8,adi at ,mosul4 ,accord+ to him1 he 0 a man ( m$ium size & tawny complexion2 he relat$ also _m circum/ances indicative ( 8 great sanctity4 ,! ei di$ at ! age ( n9ety ye>s40#ajg #b ,:at ,mohamm$-,am9-,al-#8,om>i has to say on ei #8,adi3 8,!y say t ! ei #8,adi 0 "o ( ! inhabitants ( ,ba#8albek2 t he transport$ himself to ,mosul1 & f !nce to ,jabal ,la1 a dep5d5cy ( ?is city 7,mosul71 :]e he resid$ until 8 dea?4 ,!y also say t he 0 f awran1 & t 8 l9eage goes back z f> z ,m>wan bn al-akam1 also t he is araf ad ,d9 ,ab\l ,faail #8,adi bn ,masafir bn ,isma#8il bn ,m\sa bn ,m>wan bn al asan bn ,m>wan bn ,mohamm$ bn ,m>wan bn al akam1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #eeh4 ,8 grave1 :i* is well kn[n1 is ! object ( pi\s pilgrimages40 8,god tri$ him by a calamity1 to wit1 ! appe>ance ( a sect ( apo/ates1 call$ ! ,yezidis1 because !y claim to be desc5d$ f ,yezid4 ,!y adore ! sun & r5d] wor%ip to ! devil4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! precepts ( _! fai? t ,i f\nd 9 a small tract made by "o ( ! inhabitants ( ,aleppo1 :o kn[s _! religion3 ,i4 ,adult]y becomes lawful :5 committ$ by 7mutual7 cons5t4 ,,ii4 ,!y pret5d t :5 ! day ( judgm5t comes1 ! ei #8,adi w put !m into a wood5 bas9 :i* he w place on 8 head 9 ord] to cause !m to ent] into ,p>adise :ile utt]+ ^! contemptu\s words3 #8,i d ?is 7or1 ,i make !m d ?is7 by compell+ ,god or 9 spite ( him4' ,,iii4 ,! visit :i* !y pay to ! tomb ( ei #8,adi is = !m a pilgrimage :i* ! devotees accompli%$ no matt] h[ f> di/ant ! c\ntry is t !y inhabit1 & )\t be+ conc]n$ ab\t ! exp5ses t ! j\rney c>ries ) x40#ajh #c ,:at ,yas9 ,al-,hatib-al-,om>i-,al-,mausili has to say on ei #8,adi3 8,9 ?is ye> #eeg di$ ! sa9t & ! pi\s devotee #8,adi bn ,musafir1 :o p]=m$ miracles4 ,8 dea? took place 9 ! city ,hakk>iya1 "o ( ! dep5d5cies ( ,mosul4 ,8 orig9 is f ,ba#8albek1 :i* he left 9 ord] to come to ,mosul1 t he might consecrate himself to ,god4 ,he pass$ a solit>y life on ! m\nta9s & 9 cav]ns :]e lions & o!r wild bea/s visit$ him (t540 8,x is said t he 0 desc5d$ f ! family ( ,omayyids1 & ?is is ! l9eage :i* he attribut$ to himself3 #8,adi bn ,musafir bn ,isma#8il bn ,m\sa bn ,m>wan bn al-asan bn ,m>wan bn al-akam bn ,al-#8,ass bn ,omayya40 8,he 0 v]s$ 9 ! k ( ! div9e law4 ,god tri$ him by a calamity by rais+ ! ,yezidis1 :o pret5d$ t ?is ei is ,god1 & :o h made 8 tomb ! object ( _! pilgrimage4 ,!y arrive !re e ye> at ! s\nd ( drums 9 ord] to give !mselves to games & debau*]y40 8,! ,*ri/ians ( ! l&1 & especially ! p>tisans ( ! ,ne/orians are f> f hav+ ! same op9ion ( ! ei #8,adi z h ! ,moslems or ! ,yezidis4 ,! foll[+ passage :i* "o reads 9 a ,*aldean manuscript entitl$ #8,aw>da'#aji & :i* ,i saw "s "t ago 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,k>malis1#aaj proves ?is suffici5tly4 ,?is is ! translation ( ! passage :i* ,i h extract$ f a song compos$ by a bi%op ( ,arbil1 9 honor ( ,rabban ,hormuzd#aaa & o!r sa9ts1 & 9 :i* ! au?or makes m5tion ( #8,adi 9 ^! t]ms3 8#8,great mis=tunes h foll[$1 fall+ ^u u2 a =midable enemy came to torm5t u4 ,he 0 a desc5dant ( ,hag>1 ! slave ( our "m4 ,?is enemy :o made our life un=tunate 0 a ,mohamm$an1 call$ #8,adi4 ,he deceiv$ u by vile tricks1 & has f9i%$ by tak+ possession ( our ri*es & ( our conv5t1 :i* he consecrat$ to ?+s t are illicit 7to h a /range wor%ip74 ,an innum]able multitude ( ,mussulm5 h atta*$ !mselves to him & h v[$ to him a bl9d submission4 ,! r5[n ( 8 "n1 :i* is ei #8,adi1 has spread d[n to our days 9 all ! cities ( all ! c\ntries4'0#aab ,^! are ! acc\nts :i* we h ( ei #8,adi 9 8 relation to ! ,yezidis1 & !y des]ve our special att5tion4 ,= n only are ! writ]s s*ol>s ( ! highe/ au?ority1 b !y are to a c]ta9 ext5t eye-witness au?orities4 ,! la/ two are f ! city ( ,mosul1 :i* is ! only city 9 ! ,mohamm$an _w ^: widely spread+ s*ol>%ip has acquir$ = x ! "n 8,d>-al-#8,ulum10 i4 e41 ! home ( sci5ces4 ,moreov]1 !y come f a family ^: memb]s are kn[n z #8,olama1 highly intellectual1 broad-m9d$ ,mohamm$an g5tlem54 ,:ile at ,mosul1 ,i _h ! honor ( call+ (t5 on asan ,ef5di al #8,om>i1 & especially on ,suleiman ,ef5di al #8,om>i4 ,ibn allikan z a tru/wor?y biograph] ne$s no fur!r introduction ?an ! m]e m5tion+ ( 8 "n4 ,:at adds to 8 reputation z a s*ol> is ! fact t1 be+ a resid5t ( ,arbila 9 ! prov9ce ( ,mosul1 he _h at 8 comm& fir/h& in=mation4 ,ano!r notewor?y fact is t all ?ree ( ^! s*ol>s agree 9 _! acc\nt ( ei #8,adi1 9 _! trac+ ( 8 g5ealogy1 9 describ+ him z ! mo/ p]fect model ( h]mits1 9 prais+ him = 8 mann] ( life1 :i* !y reg>d z a life ( hol9ess4 ,!y agree also 9 _! def9ition ( ! common p's attitude t[>d ! ei3 t he 0 deifi$ & t 8 tomb has be5 made ! object ( pilgrimage4 ,& f9ally !y are sil5t ab\t 8 suppos$ f\nd+ ( ! sect 9 "q4 ,!re is no intimation t he 0 a h]etic1 or t he e/abli%$ su* a s*ism4 ,to be sure1 ,ibn allikan makes m5tion ( a religi\s ord] :i* 0 call$ aft] ! ei's "n1 b he designates !m z #8,adawia & n z ,yezidis4 ,?is might h be5 su* an ord] z ! ,bro!rhood ( ,assanusi1 call$ aft] ,mohamm$ ibn #8,ali z-,sanusi1 or z _m o!r ord]s ( d]vi%es & eis ( my/ical type1 t h tak5 rise f "t to "t 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,islam4 ,! o!r two speak ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,yezidis1 b !y look at ! incid5t z a calamity to ! ei because !y deifi$ him & wor%ipp$ at 8 tomb4 ,_! rem>ks t5d to %[ t ! ,yezidi sect 7 kn[n z su* be=e ! "t ( #8,adi2 t _! appellation 0 bas$ on ! pret5sion t !y 7 desc5dants ( ,yesid2 t !y 7 apo/ates f ,islam2 t !y 7 "s ( ^? :o 7 atta*$ to #8,adi by reason ( 8 wide reputation z a sa9t1 & 7 l$ by _! ignorance to take him = a god2 & t !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( ! sun & ! devil4 ,x is inconceivable to u1 if we apply ! pr9ciples ( mod]n criticism to :at we "k ( ! "* ( ! ,mohamm$an hi/orians1 t !y %\ld write ! life ( "o :o is responsible = ! rise ( a sect1 ! f\ndation ( ^: religion is ! devil1 & n curse him & ! devil ) him a hundr$ million times4 ,su* are ! !ories t h be5 advanc$ 9 ! discussion relat+ to ! religi\s orig9 ( ! ,yezidi sect1 & we h f\nd n only t !y are f> f rea*+ ! solution ( ! problem1 b also t ! me?od t !y employ does n seem to be ! prop] "o = solv+ su* a "q4 ,! tradition ( ! ,yezidis t !y are desc5d$ f ,yezid bn ,mu#8,awiya :i* has be5 accept$ z ! fact by "s we/]n s*ol>s is only a my?1 )\t hi/orical ju/ification4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian tradition1 all t c tell u is t "s ,yezidis might h be5 at "o "t ,*ri/ians2 b z to :o 0 ! f\nd] ( ! sect x gives u no light4 ,likewise1 all t we c le>n f ! !ory advocat$ by ! second s*ool is t "s phases ( ! ,p]sian religion might h surviv$ ) t ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,we may admit1 ,i ?9k1 t "s ,yezidis are ,p]sian 9 _! orig94 ,b z to :o 0 ! orig9ator ( _! religion ?is !ory helps u n a :it4 ,s also we h f\nd t ! relation ( ei #8,adi to ?is sect is n t ( a f\nd]4 ,he is only "o ( _m :om _! ignorance l$ to class z deities4 ,,iv ,,! ,,dogmatic ,,view ,,( ,,mohamm$an ,,s*ol>s ,:ile ! ,yezidi my? reg>ds ! sect z desc5dants ( ,adam1 ( ,yezid bn ,mu awiya1 or ( a colony f ! nor?1 :ile ! ,*ri/ian tradition ( ! ,ea/ traces !m to a ,*ri/ian orig91 :ile among ! we/]n ori5tali/s "s say t !y 7 f\nd$ by ,yezid bn ,mu awiya1 o!rs t !y are ( ,p]sian orig91 etc41 ! ,mohamm$an dogmatics1 on ! o!r h&1 ass]t t !y are ,murtaddoon1 t is1 apo/ates f ,islam4 ,to und]/& ! significance ( ?is t]m1 ,i mu/ m5tion ! sev]al words us$ = ^? :o are consid]$ z infidels accord+ to ,mohamm$an !ology4 ,kafir is "o :o hides or d5ies ! tru?2 ,mu%rik is "o :o ascribes companions to ,god2 ,mulhid is "o :o has deviat$ f ! tru?2 ,z&ik is "o :o ass]ts 8 belief 9 ! doctr9e ( dualism2 ,munafik is "o :o secretly disbelieves 9 ! mission ( ,mohamm$2 ,dahri is an a!i/2 ,watani is a pagan or idolator2 & f9ally ,murtadd is "o :o apo/asizes f ,islam4 ,! ,yezidis are put 9 ! category ( ^? :o1 aft] once accept+ ! religion ( ,islam1 lat] reject$ x4 ,"o au?or1 ( ^? to ^: writ+s ,i _h access1 9 an explicit /atem5t reg>ds ^! p z apo/ates4 ,i ref] to ,am9-al-#8,om>i-al ,mausili 7( ,mosul74 ,aft] prais+ ei #8,adi1 ! ,mosulian goes on to say1 8,god tri$ him 7i4 e41 #8,adi7 by a calamity1 to wit1 ! appe>ance ( ,al-,murtaddoon1 call$ ! ,yezidis because !y pret5d$ to h be5 desc5d$ f ,yezid4#aac ,ano!r ,mohamm$an s*ol> t m5tions ^! p is ,yas9 ,al-atib-al-#8,om>i-al ,mausili4 ,writ+ on ei #8,adi1 & prais+ him z ! =m] writ] does1 he says1 8,he 0 v]s$ 9 ! k ( ! div9e law4 ,god tri$ him by a calamity by rais+ up ! ,yezidis1 :o pret5d t ?is ei is ,god1 & :o h made 8 tomb ! object ( _! pilgrimage4#aad ,:ile ^! au?ors ?r[ "s light on ! subject t ! sect 9 "q d]ives its appellation f a hi/oric p]son1 !y leave u entirely 9 ! d>k z to :o t p]son 01 z ! ,arab hi/orians m5tion _m prom95t m5 :o bore ! "n ,yezid4 ,?is obscurity reg>d+ ! p]son ( ! f\nd] ( ! sect is made cle> by "o ^: "w is equally1 if n m1 au?oritative ?an t ( any o!r ,mohamm$an s*ol> on matt]s p]ta9+ to religi\s & philosophical sects4 ,?is au?ority is ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani4 ,he is ! only ,mohamm$an writ] t ,i c\ld rea* t1 9 a cle> language1 traces ?is mo/ int]e/+ sect to its f\nd]4 8,! ,yezidis are ! foll[]s ( ,yezid bn ,unaisa1 :o said t he kept fri5d%ip ) ! fir/ ,muhakkama be=e ! ,az>ia1 & he sep>at$ himself f ^? :o foll[$ aft] !m ) ! exception ( ,al-,abaia1 = ) ^! he kept fri5d%ip4 ,he believ$ t ,god w\ld s5d an apo/le f among ! ,p]sians & w\ld reveal to him a book t is already writt5 9 heav51 & w\ld reveal ! :ole 7book7 to him at "o "t1#aae & z a result he w\ld leave ! law ( ,mohamm$1 ! ,*os5 ,"o1 may ,god bless & save him6--& foll[ ! religion ( ! ,sabians m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran4 ,b ^! are n ! ,sabians :o are f\nd 9 aran & ,wasit4 ,b ,yezid kept fri5d%ip ) ! p ( ! book :o recogniz$ ! ,*os5 ,"o z a prophet1 ev5 ?\gh !y did n accept 8 7,mohamm$'s7 religion4 ,& he said t ! foll[]s ( ! ord9ances are among ^? :o agree ) him2 b t o!rs are hid+ ! tru? & give companions to ,god & t e s91 small or great1 is idolatry40#aaf ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ,a-ahra/ani f9ds ! religi\s orig9 ( ?is int]e/+ p 9 ! p]son ( ,yezid bn ,unaisa4 ,he calls !m 8 ,aseab1 i4 e41 8 foll[]s1 a t]m by :i* he designates ! relation betwe5 a sect & its orig9ator4 ,al-araiyah he describes z 8,aseab al-are10 & 8,al afeziyah ,aseab ,hafez10 & s on4 ,we are to und]/&1 !re=e1 t to ! k ( ! writ]1 bn ,unaisa is ! f\nd] ( ! ,yezidi sect1 :i* took its "n f him4 ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani /ates also1 9 a logical way1 ! !ological views ( ! head ( ! ,yezidis4 ,yezid1 he says1 is on ! positive side1 9 sympa?y ) ! fir/ ,muakkamah be=e ! ,az>ia4 ,n[1 ! fir/ ,muhakkamah is an appellative appli$ to ! ,muslim s*ismatics call$ ,al-aw>ij1 because !y disall[$ ! judgm5t ( ! ,hakaman1 i4 e41 ! two judges1 namely #8,abd ,m\sa al-,a-#8,aree & ,am ibn-al-#8,z2 & said t judgm5t belongs only to ,god4 ,& ,al-,az>ia 7 a h]etical ,muslim sect call$ ,al-aw>ij or eroriyah1 s nam$ 9 relation to ,nafi#8 ibn-,al-,azra4 ,!y ass]t$ t #8,ali committ$ an act ( infidelity by submitt+ 8 case to arbitration1 & t ! slay+ ( him by ,ibn ,muljama 0 j2 & !y decl>e t ! companions 7( ! ,prophet7 7 guilty ( infidelity4 ,yezid moreov]1 is said to h be5 9 sympa?y ) ,al-,abaiyah1 a sect f\nd$ by #8,abd-,allah ibn ,ibad1 :o taught t if a man commits a kabirah or great s9 he is an infidel & n a believ]4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t accord+ to ?is exposition ! ,yezid 9 "q 0 "o ( ,al-aw>ij1 & _! pr9ciple is expressly attribut$ to him3 e s91 small or great1 is idolatry4 ,accord+ to ?is x might be inf]r$ t ! ,yezidis 7 orig9ally a arijite sub-sect4 ,!y /ill hold to ! arijite pr9ciple4 7,cf4 _! position to ! ,ottoman ,gov]nm5t1 pp4 #ga-gd74 ,z we said "s ,mohamm$an writ]s o!r ?an ,a%ahr-,a/ani also 7pp4 #aah-aai7 reg>d !m z apo/ate ,moslems1 ,a-ahra/ani himself classes !m ) ! ,moslem h]etics4 ,n[ ,al-aw>ij 7 ! fir/ to rebel aga9/ #8,ali at aroora1 a c]ta9 suburb ( ,al-,ko(a1 f :i* x is di/ant two miles4 ,!y are call$ also ,al-eroriyah1 because !y fir/ assembl$ !re & accept$ ! doctr9e t gov]nm5t belongs only to ,god4 ,& "o sect ( ,al-aw>ij 0 ,an-,nibiyah :o made x a matt] ( religi\s obligation to be> a viol5t hatr$ to #8,ali4 ,su* is ! place ( bn ,unaisa among ! ,moslem h]etics1 b ?is is only "o side ( 8 religi\s sy/em4#aag ,!re is ano!r side to ,yezid's doctr9e4 ,he held t ,god w\ld s5d an apo/le f ,p]sia1 to :om he w\ld reveal a book already writt5 9 heav54 ,?is apo/le 0 to be an oppon5t ( ! prophet ( ,islam 9 t he w\ld leave ,mohamm$'s religion & foll[ t ( ! abians m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran4 ,^! are ref]r$ to by ,mohamm$1 toge!r ) ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews1 9 ?ree diff]5t places 9 ! ,book4 ,"o su* ref]5ce is 9 ,surah #b1 #ei3 8,!y :o believe z well z ,jews1 ,*ri/ians & ,sabeans1 :oev] believe? 9 ,god & 9 ! ,la/ ,day1 & d t :i* is "r1 %all h _! rew>d ) _! ,"l40 ,surah #e1 #gc1 also3 8,!y :o believe z well z ,jews1 ,*ri/ians & ,sabeans1 :oev] ( !m believe 9 ,god & ! ,la/ ,day1 & d :at is "r1 on !m %all no fe> come2 nei!r %all !y be put to grief40 ,& ,surah #bb1 #ag3 8,!y :o believe z well z ,jews1 ,sabeans & ,*ri/ians & ! ,magians1 & ^? :o jo9 gods ) ,god1 v]ily ,god %all decide betwe5 !m on ! ,day ( ,resurrection40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ^! passages ,mohamm$ seems to reg>d ! ,sabians ( ! ,koran z believ]s 9 ! true ,god & 9 ! resurrection4 ,& 9 ,surah #bb1 #ag1 he seems to di/+ui% !m f ,magians & poly!i/s4 ,h5ce1 we are to inf] t ! ,apo/le ( :om ,yezid bn ,unaisa says t he w come f ! l& ( ! ,ajam 7,p]sian71 w id5tify himself ) ! religion ( ! abians4 ,?is implies t he w believe 9 ! true ,god & 9 ! ,day ( ,resurrection4 ,b f "s ,arab writ]s we le>n m ( ^! abian beliefs ?an ! ,prophet ( ,islam has m5tion$4 ,accord+ to "s ! abians 7 a sect ( unbeliev]s :o wor%ipp$ ! />s secretly1 & op5ly pr(ess$ to be ,*ri/ians4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 !y 7 ( ! religion ( abi1 ! son ( ,se?1 ! son ( ,adam2 :ile o!rs said !y resembl$ ! ,*ri/ians1 except t _! iblah 0 t[>d ! ,s\?1 f :5ce ! w9d bl[s4 ,9 ! ,kams x is said t !y 7 ( ! religion ( ,noah4 ,al-,baiawi says t "s ass]t t !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( angels1 & t o!rs say t !y are ! wor%ipp]s ( />s4 ,al-,b]tuni calls ! ,mani*aeans ( ,sam>& ,sabians4 ,b> ,hebraeus#aah ass]ts t ! religion ( ! ,sabians is ! same z t ( ! anci5t ,*aldeans4 ,9 comm5t+ on ,surah #b1 #ei1 ,zamaari 7,al-,keaf7 says t ! "n abian comes f a root mean+ "o :o has dep>t$ f "o religion to ano!r religion1 & t ! abians 7 ^? :o dep>t$ f ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity & wor%ipp$ angels4 ,on ?is same v]se1 ams ,ad-,d9 ,mohamm$ ,al-arrani 7,jami ,al-,bijan fi ,tafsir ,al-,koran7 says3 8,! abians1 i4 e41 ^? :o dep>t$ f "o religion to ano!r religion1 /ood betwe5 ! ,magians & ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians )\t hav+ any reveal$ religion ( _! own4 ,accord+ to "s !y 7 p ( ! ,book2 accord+ to o!rs !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( angels2 :ile o!rs say1 !y believ$ 9 "o ,god b foll[$ no ,prophet40 ,?is same comm5tator on ,surah #e1 #gc1 says3 8,! abians 7 a ,*ri/ian sect2 "s say t !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( angels2 o!rs ass]t t !y wor%ipp$ ,god alone1 b _h no reveal$ religion40 ,on ?is same v]se ,zamaari rem>ks1 8,! abians 7 ^? :o dep>t$ f all religions40 ,n[ :at ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani really means by ! abians ( ! ,koran1 ,i am unable to /ate4 ,9 8 g5]al discussion ( abianism h[ev] 7vol4 #b1 pp4 #bja-bej71 he seems to speak ( two ma9 abian sects4 ,he ref]s to "o toge!r ) ! anci5t philosoph]s2 & decl>es t ! abians foll[$ rational ord9ances & judgm5ts :i* orig9ally !y may h d]iv$ f "s prophetic au?ority1 b t !y d5i$ all prophecy4 ,! philosoph]s foll[$ _! own devices & took _! sy/em f no prophetic s\rce4 ,! au?ority we are quot+ calls ?is sect 8! orig9al abian sect10 & says t x foll[$ ,se? & ,eno*4 ,9 ano!r place 7vol4 #a1 p4 #bd7 he writes1 8,! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians foll[ a reveal$ ,book2 ! ,magians & ! ,mani*ans1 a l ,book2 ! orig9al abian sect1 ord9ances & judgm5ts1 b accepts no ,book2 ! orig9al philosoph]s1 ! a!i/s1 ! />-wor%ipp]s1 ! idol-wor%ipp]s1 & ! ,brahmans believe 9 none ( ^!40 ,! o!r ma9 abian sect is m5tion$ toge!r ) ! ,jews1 ! ,*ri/ians1 & ! ,moslems4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! religi\s bodies1 accord+ to ,a-ahra/ani1 is t 8! abians d n foll[ ! ,law 7( ,god7 or ,islam2 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews believe 9 ^!1 b d n accept ! ,law 7religion7 ( ,mohamm$2 :ile ! ,moslems believe 9 !m all4 ,a-ahra/ani1 moreov]1 d]ives ! "n abian 7p4 #bjc7 f a root mean+ "o :o turns aside1 deviates2 & decl>es t ! abians 7 ^? :o turn$ aside f ! /atutes ( ,god1 & deviat$ f ! pa? ( ! prophets4 ,he seems to reg>d ! notion t man is incapable ( approa*+ ,god1 & t !re=e he is 9 con/ant ne$ ( int]cessors & m$iators1 z a controll+ idea 9 abianism4 ,?is belief1 ! writ] po9ts out1 has manife/$ itself 9 ?ree diff]5t =ms3 9 ! v5]ation ( angels among :at he calls ! foll[]s ( angels2 ! adoration ( />s among ! foll[]s ( />s2 & 9 ! wor%ip ( idols among ! foll[]s ( idols1 hea!ns 7pp4 #bjc1 #bdd74 ,! la/ two1 we are told1 are poly!i/s1 & ref]r$ to 9 ! ,koranic /atem5t3 78,:5 ,abraham said to 8 fa!r1 ,az>1 #8,do/ ?\ take idols = gods8'--,surah #f1 #gd4 ,said he--,abraham--#8,d ye s]ve :at ye hew out8'--,surah #cg1 #ic4 ,:5 he--,abraham--said to 8 fa!r1 #8,oh my sir6 :y do/ ?\ wor%ip :at c nei!r he> nor see nor avail !e aught8'--,surah #ai1 #dc407 ,& 9 ! foll[+ ref]5ces3 78,& :5 ! night ov]%ad[$ him he saw a /> & said1 #8,?is is my ,"l4' ,& :5 he saw ! moon beg9n+ to rise he said1 #8,?is is my ,"l4' ,& :5 he saw ! sun beg9n+ to rise he said1 #8,?is is my ,"l1 ?is is greate/ ( all4'07--,surah #f1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh4 ,b ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani makes m5tion ( ano!r abian sect :i* he names ,al-arbniyah 7pp4 #bdh-bej74 ,its di/9ctive feature1 he says1 is ! belief t ! ,creator indwelle? 9 o!r be+s4 ,!y held t ,god is "o 9 8 ess5ce1 b _m 9 8 appe>ances4 ,he dwells 9 ! sev5 planets1 & 9 ! e>?ly be+s t are rational1 good1 & excell5t 9 righte\sness4 ,human body is 8 temple2 he may abide )9 x & live & move z a man4 ,he is too good1 we read1 to create any?+ evil4 ,god is ! s\rce ( good1 & evil is ei!r an accid5tal & necess>y ?+1 or relat$ to ! evil s\rce4 ,!y believ$ also1 our au?ority in=ms u1 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls1 & taught t ! ,resurrection ( :i* ! prophets _h spok5 0 only ! end ( "o g5]ation & ! beg9n+ ( ano!r "h on e>?4 ,?is doctr9e1 ! ,mohamm$an critics affirm1 is allud$ to 9 ! passages3 78,does he promise y t :5 ye are dead1 & h become du/ & bones1 t !n ye w be br\ght =?8 ,away1 away ) :at ye are promis$1--!re is only our life 9 ! _w6 ,we die & we live & we %all n be rais$407--,surah #bc1 #cg-ci4 ,n[ ,i _c say :i* ( ! abian sects are ^? t 8are m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran10 :i* ,yezid bn ,unaisa says1 ! ,p]sian ,apo/le w foll[2 nor c ,i say :i* are ^? t 8are f\nd 9 arran & ,wasit40 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is cle>3 accord+ to ,a-ahra/ani ! abians ( ! ,koran diff] 9 _! fai? f ^? ( arran4 ,! arranians 7 remnants ( ! old hea!n ( ,mesopotamia2 !y 7 poly!i/ic1 & />-wor%ip _h ! *ief place 9 _! religion1 z 9 ! wor%ip ( ! old] ,babylonian & ,syrian fai?s4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z su* by ! ,mohamm$ans1 s t "u ,al-,mamn1 !y %elt]$ !mselves "u ! "n1 abians1 t !y might be entitl$ to ! tol]ation :i* ! abians ( ! ,koran h because !y 7 consid]$ among ! p ( ! ,book4#aai ,ano!r ?+ to be notic$ is t !re is a close resemblance betwe5 ! belief ( ! abian sect :i* ,a-ahra/ani calls ,al-arbniyah & t ( ! ,yezidi sect4 ,su* is1 9 ! ma91 ! religion ( ! ,p]sian ,apo/le & is logically ! religion ( ,yezid bn ,unaisa :i* ann\nces ! com+ ( su* a mess5g]4 ,we may conclude1 !re=e1 t ! f\nd] ( ! ,yezidi sect believ$ 9 ,god & 9 ! ,day ( ,resurrection2 t he1 p]haps1 honor$ ! angels & ! />s1 & t he 0 nei!r poly!i/ic nor a true believ] 9 ! ,prophet ( ,islam4 ,?is la/ po9t is ref]r$ to also explicitly 9 ! /atem5t quot$1 t ,yezid associat$ himself ) ^? ( ! p ( ! ,book :o recogniz$ ,mohamm$ z a prophet ?\gh !y did n become 8 foll[]s4 ,?is is ! negative aspect1 s to speak1 ( bn ,unaisa's religi\s views4 ,he is also said to h claim$ t ! foll[]s ( ! ord9ances#abj agre$ ) him4 ,?is /atem5t t5ds to indicate t he might h accept$ "s phases ( ! ,muslim fai?4 ,& ! fact t he belong$ to ,al-aw>ij implies t he 0 "o ( ^? :o 7 8condemn+ & reject+ #8,ali = 8 sc&al\s crime ( p>ley+ ) ,mu#8awiya1 ! fir/ ( ! ,omayyid l9e1 & submitt+ 8 claims to arbitration40 ,su* are 9 brief ! fundam5tal elem5ts 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( "o :o may be held responsible = ! rise ( ! sect 9 "q4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 x seems to me1 t ! ,yezidis are ! foll[]s ( ,yezid bn ,unaisa4 ,! /atem5t ( our au?ority1 ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani 7see pp4 #aai-abj71 is s cle> t x c be> no o!r int]pretation4 ,& :at is f> m important1 x comes f ! p5 ( "o :o is consid]$ ( ! highe/ au?ority among ! ,arab s*ol>s on que/ions relat+ to philosophical & religi\s sects4 ,9 8 bibliographical "w ,ibn allikan speaks ( 8 pr(\nd s*ol>%ip 9 ! highe/ t]ms3 8,a-ahra/ani1 a dogmatic !ologian ( ! #8,aarite sect1 0 di/+ui%$ z an ,imam & a doctor ( ! law4 ,he display$ ! highe/ abilities z a jurisconsult4 ,! ,kitab al-,milal wa n-,nial 7treatise on religions & sects7 is "o ( 8 works on s*ola/ic !ology4 ,he rema9$ )\t an equal 9 t bran* ( sci5ce40 ,n[1 ,mohamm$ ,a-ahra/ani 7,a4 ,h4 #dfg-edi7 ,a4 ,d4 #ajgd-aacc 0 a contempor>y ( #8,adi 7,a4 ,h4 #dfe-eee7 ,a4 ,d4 #ajgb-aafb1 yet he makes no allusion to him :5 he ref]s to ! rise ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ sect2 nor does he make m5tion ( any o!r suppos$ f\nd] except ! "o he records4 ,= ^! reasons ,i accept ! hi/orical ass]tion ( ?is di/+ui%$ au?or4 ,i am ( ! op9ion1 !re=e1 t ! ,yezidis receiv$ _! "n f ,yezid bn ,unaisa1 _! f\nd] z a kh>ijite sub sect 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( ,islam2 t1 attract$ by ei #8,adi's reputation1 !y jo9$ 8 movem5t & took him = _! *ief religi\s tea*]2 t 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! sect & ( #8,adi _m ,*ri/ians1 ,p]sians1 & ,moslems unit$ ) x2 & t l>ge survivals or absorptions ( pagan beliefs or cu/oms are to be f\nd 9 mod]n ,yezidism4 ,9 o!r words ! actual religion ( ! ,yezidis is syncretism 9 :i* x is easy to recognize ,yezidi1 ,*ri/ian1 ,moslem1 especially sufism & pagan elem5ts4 ,l ! ma/] !y believe 9 ! true ,god & 9 ! ,resurrection1 honor ! angels & ! />s1 disbelieve 9 ! mission ( ,mohamm$ & ignore #8,ali1 reg>d e s91 small or great1 z idolatry or infidelity1 & expect ! appe>ance ( a prophet f ,p]sia4 ,! fact ( _! connection ) su* a religi\s lead] expla9s ! reason :y !y are hat$ by bo? ! ,sunnites & ! ,%iites4 ,! foll[]s ( bn ,my#8awiya c only be despis$ by ! latt]2 b ! believ] su* a h]etical "o z ! son ( ,unaisa are necess>ily condemn$ by ! =m] also4 ,= he 01 z ,i h already /at$1 anti-,mohamm$ & anti-#8,ali4 ,& x is wor? rememb]+ also t ! f\r? ,calif is m honor$ among ! ,moslems ( ,p]sia ?an 8 son use9 is2 & consequ5tly any contemptu\s attitude t[>d ! fa!r w give rise to m bitt] feel+ on ! "p ( 8 foll[]s ?an ! murd] ( ! son w\ld occasion4 ,!re is "o "q1 h[ev]1 :i* does n appe> to be v easy to answ]2 namely1 h[ ! ,yezidis came to trace _! orig9 to ,yezid bn ,mu#8awiya & n to ,yezid bn ,unaisa4 ,?ree explanations may be giv54 ,"o is t _! ignorance l$ !m to mi/ake ! =m] = ! latt]1 z !y h id5tifi$ _m ( _! eis ) angels & deities4 ,among ignorant p1 z ^! are1 )\t record & )\t any "o :o c read1 ! occasion ( su* an error is n /range4 ,ano!r answ] is t !y int5tionally made ! id5tification 9 ord] to escape ! p]secution ( ! ,sunnites1 among :om mo/ ( !m liv$4 ,?\gh speci\s1 ?is idea is n t5able1 = x is n _! habit to d5y _! orig9 = ! sake ( safety4 ,ev5 9 t case1 !y w\ld /ill be hat$ by ! ,%iites4 ,! ?ird !ory is t !y h a notion t !y are desc5d$ f a noble p]sonage1 & ! second ,calif be+ su* a p]sonage1 _! ignorance l$ !m to take him = _! f\nd]4 ,& ! id5tity ( ! two names1 ( c\rse1 help$ mu* t[>d ! =mation ( ! leg5d4 ,x is to be notic$ t ! religion ( ?is ,yezid conta9$1 f its inception1 a fundam5tal doctr9e :i* appeal$ to ! pagans ( ,p]sia m ?an x did to ,al-jahale5 ( ,arabia4 ,9 its v /ructure x insult$ ! latt] c\ntry by despis+ its prophet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x express$ its sympa?y ) a prophet f ,p]sia & ) 8 religion4 ,?is decl>ation magnifi$ ,p]sia & its inhabitants & gave !m prem95ce1 !reby mak+ an impression on ! attitude ( ! p t[>d ,yezidism4 ,!re=e !y look$ on x n z a =eign b z a native cult4 ,! ent]ta9+ ( su* a view1 consequ5tly1 l$ _m fire1 or devil-wor%ipp]s & ! foll[]s ( ,zoroa/rianism to embrace ! new religion 7,al-marik1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ce74 ,& if ! pr$ict$ tea*] arose1 we c imag9e ! great success :i* he mu/ h _h among 8 c\ntrym54 ,?is fact n only acc\nts = ! exi/5ce ( traces ( old ,p]sian religion1 b x gives ! reason :y ! ,kurdi% pr$om9ates ov] ! ,arab elem5t 9 ,yezidism4 ,! new sect appe>s to h exi/$ z a v loose organization aft] ! dea? ( its f\nd]3 ?is loos5ess put !m 9 a condition to foll[ any "o :o w\ld exhibit "s qualifications = lead]%ip4 ,!re=e1 :5 !y he>d ab\t #8,adi !y naturally flock$ to him4 ,& x is v likely t1 ent]ta9+ ! idea ( a com+ prophet z !y /ill d1 !y might h ?\ght him ! promis$ "o4 ,:at might h add$ to ! confirmation ( ?is notion 0 8 fame z a sa9t1 to :om a numb] ( miracles 7 attribut$4 ,ev5 ! lions & ! s]p5ts :i* liv$ 9 8 neighborhood & paid him frequ5t visits 7 end[$1 x is said1 ) sup]natural sweetness4 ,f :at we "k ( #8,adi's movem5t1 we h suffici5t reason to conclude t _m ,moslems & ,*ri/ians foll[$ him4 ,! hi/orians ( bo? fai?s be> witness to ! fact t #8,adi's reputation 0 widespread1 & t p ( e condition foll[$ him 7see pp4 #aaa-aae74 ,! ,ne/orian bi%op ( ,arbela1 :om ,yas9 ,al-#8,om>i quotes 7see p4 #aad71 ass]ts t innum]able multitudes flock$ to him1 deplores ! situation ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* result+ f ?is upris+1 & compla9s ( ! possession by ! ei ( a mona/]y belong+ to 8 d5om9ation4 ,moreov]1 z has be5 %[n1 !re exi/ among ! ,yezidis c]ta9 ,moslem & ,*ri/ian practices :i* _c be acc\nt$ = on any o!r gr\nd1 s9ce1 s f> z we "k _! "*1 !y make no compromise 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,n only ,yezidi1 ,p]sian1 ,moslem1 & ,*ri/ian elem5ts are to be f\nd 9 mod]n ,yezidism1 b !re are _m rema9s ( ! old pagan religions :i* f9d expression 9 ! devil-wor%ipp]s ( to-day4 ,su* is ! notion ( ! sacr$ness ( ! numb] sev51 an idea :i* belongs to ! common /ock ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,mesopotamia4 ,! ,yezidis h sev5 sanjaks1 ea* has sev5 burn]s2 _! cosmogony %[s t ,god creat$ sev5 angels or gods2 _! pr9cipal pray] is ! appeal to ,god ?r\gh sev5 eis2 ! sceptre engrav$ on ! front ( ! temple ( _! great sa9t has sev5 bran*es4 ,?is rem9ds u at once ( ! abians :o ador$ sev5 gods or angels :o direct$ ! c\rse ( sev5 planets2 ! sev5 days ( ! week 7 d$icat$ to _! respective deities4 ,moreov]1 we note 9 ! ,babylonian-,assyrian poem1 ! sev5 gates ?r\gh :i* ,it> desc5d$ to ! l& )\t return4 ,likewise1 ! numb] sev5 play$ an important "p 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ,israel4 ,fur!r1 l ! arranians1 ! mod]n atan-p>a/ wor%ip ! sun & ! moon at _! ris+ & sett+4 ,! sun 0 wor%ipp$ also 9 ,canaan1 ,i ,sam4 #f3 #i4 ,! horses ( ! sun 7 wor%ipp$ 9 ! temple at ,j]usalem1 ,,ii ,k+s #be3 #e1 #aa4 ,! wor%ip ( ! ho/ ( heav5 7! sun1 ! moon1 ! planets71 7 f\nd 9 ,judea4 ,9 ,babylon1 !re 7 at lea/ two %r9es to sun-god amas1 "o at ,sipp>1 & ! o!r at ,l>sa4 ,o!r survivals ( ! anci5t religions f\nd 9 ,yezidism are ! wor%ip ( birds 7see p4 #aej72 ! special importance atta*$ to ! ,new ,ye> because ( its be>+ on individual welf>e by reason ( ! good or evil decision ( ! gods r5d]$ !m 7see pp4 #df1 #agd72 & ! belief 9 occurr5ces ( nuptials 9 ! heav5s 7see p4 #agd74 ,moreov]1 _m religi\s beliefs ( ! ,pre-,islamic ,arabs survive among ! mod]n ,yezidis4 ,su* is ! belief 9 sacr$ wells 9 connection ) sanctu>ies f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! ,semitic region1 ! mo/ conspicu\s ( :i* is t ( ,mecca4 ,gifts 7 ca/ into ?is holy wat] ( ,zamzam1 z !y 7 ca/ into ! sacr$ wells ( o!r places4 ,:5 ! gr&fa!r ( ,mohamm$ #8,abd ,al-,muttalib clean$ out ! well1 he f\nd two gold5 gazelles & a numb] ( swords4 ,! wat] ( su* holy spr+s 0 believ$ to possess heal+ p[]1 & 0 c>ri$ home by pilgrims1 z ! wat] ( ,zamzam n[ is 7,yaut ,i1 #dcd74aba ,an impure p]son1 fur!rmore1 d>$ n approa* ! sacr$ wat]s4 ,a woman 9 h] uncleanness 0 afraid = h] *ildr5's sake to ba! 9 ! holy wat] at ! sanctu>y ( ,dus>es4 ,accord+ to ,ibn ,hiam 8,a woman :o adopts ,islam breaks ) ! hea!n god by purify+ h]self 9 ?is pool40 ,?is 0 tak5 to mean t h] act 0 a brea* ( ! ritual ( ! spot4 ,& all ! pilgrims *ang$ _! clo!s :5 !y ent]$ ! sacr$ prec9ct4#abb ,ano!r common hea!n practice 9 ! "t ( ,al-jahliya 0 ! wor%ip ( holy trees4 ,accord+ to ,tab>i !re 0 a date-palm tree at ,nejran4 ,x 0 ador$ at an annual fea/1 :5 x 0 hung all ar\nd ) f9e clo!s & wom5's ornam5ts4 ,a simil> tree to :i* ! p ( ,mecca resort$ annually1 & hung ^u x weapons1 g>m5ts1 o/ri*es' eggs1 & o!r ?+s1 is spok5 ( 9 ! tradition ( ! prophet "u ! "n ( 8dhat anwat10 or 8tree to hang ?+s on40#abc ,! ,goddess ,al-#8,ozza 0 believ$ to reside 9 a tree4 ,accord+ to ,yaut 7,,iii1 #bfa71 ! tree at ,hadaibiya1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran 7sura ,,xlviii1 #ah7 0 visit$ by pilgrims :o expect$ to d]ive a bless+ f x1 till x 0 cut d[n by ! ,calif ,om> le/ x %\ld be wor%ipp$ l ,al-,lat & ,al-#8,ozza4 ,x 0 consid]$ deadly to pluck a twig f su* sacr$ trees4 ,! preval5ce ( /one-wor%ip is ano!r sign ( paganism exi/+ be=e ,islam1 & notewor?y is ! !ory advanc$ by ! ,mohamm$an writ]s to acc\nt = its orig94 ,accord+ to ,ibn ,hiam#abd ! beg9n+ ( ?is idolatry 0 t 8! ,meccans :5 _! l& became too n>r[ = !m spread abroad ov] ! c\ntry1 & all took /ones f _! sanctu>y1 ! ,kaaba1 out ( rev]5ce = _! temple1 & !y set !m up :5ev] !y =m$ a settlem5t2 & !y walk$ ar\nd !m z !y us$ to g ab\t ! ,holy ,h\se4 ,?is l$ !m at la/ to wor%ip e /one t pleas$ _! fancy40 ,x is to be notic$1 fur!rmore1 t poly-demonism1 i4 e41 ! belief 9 div9e p[]s1 9 spirits1 is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! old nomad religions4 ,_m traces ( ?is belief h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & also 9 ! popul> religion ( ! ,syria & ,pale/9e ( to-day4 ,!re are _m in/ances 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ( ! belief 9 div9e p[]s inhabit+ spr+s1 trees1 /ones4 ,we may ref] to ! sacr$ wells at ade 7,g54 #ad3 #g7 & at ,be]eba 7,g54 #ba1 #bh1 #cj1 #ca72 to ! sacr$ oracul> tree at ,%ekem 7,g54 #ab1 #f2 ,deut4 #aa1 #c72 to ! sacr$ /one ( ,be!l1 :i* gave ! place its "n1 z x is call$ 8a h\se ( ,god0 7,g54 #bh1 #bb74abe ,n[1 ! traces ( all ^! religi\s beliefs are f\nd 9 mod]n ,yezidism4 ,9 connection ) ! temple ( ei #8,adi1 !re is a sacr$ spr+1 & !re are simil> ones 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,yezidi di/ricts4 ,! wat] ( ^! spr+s is held to h heal+ p[]1 & is c>ri$ by pilgrims to _! homes4 ,9 ^! pools1 especially 9 t ( #8,adi's1 ! ,yezidis ca/ co9s1 jewelry1 & o!r pres5ts1 :i*1 !y ?9k1 ! *ief sa9t takes f "t to "t2 & to ?is day no "o may ent] ! holy valley ) its sacr$ f\nta91 unless he fir/ purify 8 body & clo!s4#abf ,! devil-wor%ipp]s adore1 likewise1 sacr$ trees4 ,!y make pilgrimages to !m1 hang ?+s on !m1 & ent]ta9 ! belief t :oev] unties or %akes (f a %r$ ( clo? w be afflict$ ) disease4 ,aga91 ! ,yezidis kiss ! /ones t satisfy _! imag9ation1 & make v[s to !m 7see pp4 #da1 #ej74 ,nor is ?is all4 ,! %\t+ ( ! ,yezidi pilgrims1 z !y rea* ! sacr$ t]ritory1 & ! noisy c]emony ( _! ajj1 ) its danc+#abg & its excitem5t--a rite :i* has br\ght aga9/ !m all sorts ( accusations#abh--;are no?+ b ! remnants ( ,pre-,islamic paganism4#abi ,su*1 !n1 are ! /eps :i* ! religion ( ,yezid took be=e x came to %ape itself into its pres5t =m4 ,x is made up ( five diff]5t elem5ts1 pagan1 t contribut$ by ! f\nd]1 ,p]sian1 ,mohamm$an1 & ,*ri/ian4 ,does n su* a /ate ( affairs f9d a hi/orical p>allel 9 "s o!r religions8 ,take1 = example1 ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 x we f9d t ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! f\nd] h be5 wrapp$ up 9 _m =eign elem5ts br\ght 9 by ^? :o came f o!r religions4 ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,i #ga ,?is may be trac$ to ! ,mohamm$an my? t :5 ! primal pair fell f _! e/ate ( bliss 9 ! heav5ly ,p>adise1 ,adam l&$ on a m\nta9 9 ,ceylon & ,eve fell at ,jiddah1 on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,arabia4 ,aft] a hundr$ ye>s ( w&]+1 !y met ne> ,meccah1 & "h ,allah con/ruct$ = !m a tab]nacle1 on ! site ( ! pres5t ,kaaba4 ,s4 ,m4 ,zwem]1 ,arabia1 p4 #ag2 ,a-ahra/ani1 ,,ii1 #dcj4 #gb ,ani/ase3 ,al-,marik1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cc4 #gc ,cf4 p4 #ce4 #gd ,cf4 p4 #cd4 #ge ,cf4 p4 #cg4 #gf ,al-,marik1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cc4 #gg ,scotti% ,geog4 ,mag41 vol4 #ad1 p4 #bie4 #gh ,lay>d3 ,n9eveh & ,its ,rema9s1 vol4 #aa1 p4 #bed4 #gi ,lay>d3 ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #id4 #hj ,s4 ,g4 ,m41 vol4 #ad1 p4 #cjj4 #ha ,fras]3 ,mesopotamia & ,p]sia1 p4 #bhg4 #hb ,fras]3 ,ibid41 p4 #adg4 #hc ,ri*3 ,resid5ce 9 ,kurdi/an1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #fi4 #hd ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cif4 #he ,ibid1 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #dic4 #hf ,fras]3 ,ibid2 ,ri*1 ibid4 #hg ,badg]3 ,ne/orians & ,_! ,rituals1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #aaa2 ,fras]1 ibid41 p4 #bhe4 #hh ,al-,marik1 ibid1 p4 #cf4 #8,abdi 0 at "o "t bi%op ( ,s9j>2 cf4 ,f>daisa de #8,ed51 ed4 by ,b4 ,c>dai1 ,beirut1 #ahhi1 p4 #e4 #hi ,ibid1 pp4 #ef1 #aaj1 #hcb4 #ij ,ibid4 ,?is rite is practic$ by ! ,yezidis ( alitiyeh1 a dep5d5cy ( ,di>bek]1 :]e ! ,yezidis are few 9 numb]4 #ia ,s\?gate3 ,a ,t\r ,?r\gh ,arm5ia1 etc41 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #agi4 #ib ,see p4 #db ( ?is book4 ,badg]1 ibid1 p4 #abh4 #ic ,i mean by ! philosophical me?od ! attempt to prove c]ta9 assumption by !oriz+1 & by ! hi/orical me?od ! endeavor to v]ify a !ory by obta9+ data f hi/orical s\rces4 ,! =m] me?od is bas$ on speculation2 ! latt] on hi/orical inquiry4 #id ,! ,enc4 ( ,mission1 p4 #gig4 ,9 8 lett] to me ( date ,augu/ #f1 #aijg1 ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 ( ,m>d91 says3 8,! ,yezidis may be relat$ 9 religi\s cult ) ! ,guebres ( ,india40 #ie ,muir3 ,life ( ,mohamm$1 vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #aea4 #if ,fras]3 ibid1 p4 #bje4 #ig ,badg]1 ibid1 p4 #abi4 #ih ,s4 ,g4 ,m41 vol4 #ad4 #ii ,eug5e ,bore3 ,dict4 des ,religions1 ,t4 ,,iv1 ,art4 ,yezidis1 ,s\?gate1 ibid1 p4 #cag4 #ajj ,fras]1 ibid1 p4 #bhi4 #aja ,jackson3 ,p]sia1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 p4 #aj2 ,j4 ,a4 ,o4 ,s41 #be1 p4 #agh1 ,new ,int4 ,enc4 8,yezidis40 #ajb ,h4 ,po9c>3 ,sci5ce & ,hypo!sis4 ,trans41 ,g4 ,b4 ,hal/$1 p4 #e seq4 #ajc ,! fact t ! importance ( ! me?od ( comp>ative religion has be5 g5]ally recogniz$ 9 ! sci5tific _w has l$ to ! dang] ( ru%+ into ! o!r extreme ( pay+ att5tion exclusively to po9ts ( simil>ity & resemblance1 & ( entirely disreg>d+1 or at any rate ?ru/+ into ! backgr\nd z unimportant t :i* is dissimil>4 #ajd ,s\?gate1 ibid1 p4 #cag2 ,jackson1 ,j4 ,a4 ,o4 ,s41 vol4 ,,xxv1 p4 #aga4 #aje ,victor ,d+el/$t1 ,s4 ,g4 ,m41 vol4 ,,xiv1 p4 #bie4 #ajf ,si\ffi1 :o 0 = ab\t tw5ty ye>s a ,fr5* vice-consul 9 ,mosul4 #ajg ,ibn allikan1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #caf4 #ajh ,manhal ,al-,uliya wa ,marab-ul-,afia1 8ei #8,adi10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahhe1 p4 #hj4 #aji ,w>da1 8! rose10 is ! "n ( a collection ( hymns compos$ by ,george ,w>da 7#abbd ,a4 ,d471 ,bi%op ( ,arbila2 cf4 ,b> ,hebraeus1 ,*ron4 ,eccl41 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #djb4 ,w>da is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s writ]s ( hymns 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury :i* 0 ! age ( song ) ! ,ne/orian *ur*4 ,8 poems h ent]$ s l>gely into ! use ( ! ,ne/orian *ur* t "o ( _! s]vice books is to ?is day call$ ! ,w>da2 ,badg]1 ,! ,ne/orians1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #be4 ,"s ( 8 hymns speak ( ! calamities ( ! ye>s #abbd-abbg4 ,a few specim5s are giv5 by ,c>dai 9 ,lib] ,!sauri1 p4 #ea4 ,badg] has translat$ "o 9 8 ,ne/orians1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ea-eg4 ,w>da's poems h be5 edit$ by ,he9ri* ,hilg5feld1 ,ausgewhlte ,gesnge des ,giworgis ,w>da von ,arbil1 ,leipzig1 #aijd1 & by ,manna1 ,mosul1 #aija4 #aaj ,! village ,k>malis is ab\t twelve miles di/ant f ,mosul1 & is inhabit$ by ,*aldeans1 t is1 ,romaniz$ ,ne/orians4 #aaa ,rabban ,hormuzd is a ,*aldean mona/]y at ,alko1 a village ab\t tw5ty miles nor? ( ,mosul4 #aab ,al-,d]-,al-,makn#8un fi-l-,miat] ,al-,maiyat m9 ,al-erun1 8ei #8,adi10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahhe1 p4 #ha4 ,yaut 7vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #cgd7 also reg>ds ei #8,adi an or?odox ,mohamm$an2 8ei #8,adi bn ,musafir ,a-afe#8e1 ei ( ! ,kurds & _! ,imam40 #8,adi's or?odoxy is se5 also 9 8 writ+4 ,he wrote #8,itiad ,ahl ,al-,sunna 8,belief ( ! ,sunnites10 ! ,wasaya 8,consuls to ! ,cailifs10 & two odds bo? ( !m my/ic 9 _! conception4 ,!y are all pres]v$ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,libr>y2 cf4 ,clem5t ,hu>t1 ,hi/ory ( ,arabic ,lit]ature1 p4 #bgc4 #aac ,manhal-al-,uliya wa ,marab ul ,afiya1 8ei #8,adi10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahhe1 p4 #hj4 #aad ,al-,d]-,al-,makn#8un fi-l-,miat] ,al-,maiyat m9 ,al-ern1 8ei #8,adi10 quot$ by ,m4 ,n4 ,si\ffi1 ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #ahhe1 p4 #ha4 #aae ,contr>y to ,mohamm$ to :om1 accord+ to ,moslem belief1 ! ,koran 0 reveal$ at int]vals4 #aaf ,kitab ,al-,milal wa n-,nihal1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #aja seq4 arran 0 a city 9 ! nor? ( ,mesopotamia1 & s\!a/ ( ,edessa1 at ! junction ( ! ,damascus road ) ! highway f ,n9eveh to ,c>*ami%4 ,! moon-god _h a temple 9 arran1 :i* enjoy$ a high reputation z a place ( pilgrimage4 ,! city reta9$ its importance d[n to ! "t ( ! ,arab asc5d5cy1 b x is n[ 9 ru9s4 ,yaut 7vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cca7 says3 8,x 0 ! home ( abians2 t is1 ! arranians :o are m5tion$ by ! au?ors ( ,kutub ,al-,milal wa n-,nihal40 ,z to ,wasit ?is same ,yaut 7vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #hha7 m5tions ab\t tw5ty diff]5t places be>+ ?is "n4 ,! mo/ prom95t "o is t built by ,al-,hajjaj 9 #hc ,a4 ,h4 ,x is call$ ,wasit 8! int]m$iate0 because x 0 situat$ midway betwe5 ,kufa & ,basrah4 ,ano!r place ,yaut 7p4 #hhi7 m5tions is ,wasit ul-,raat1 a t[n on ! we/]n side ( ! ,euphrates1 & ab\t two days' j\rney f arran4 ,p]haps ?is is ! ,wasit t ,a-ahra/an means4 #aag ,on ^! sects1 see ,a-ahra/an1 ibid1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #he1 #hg1 #hi1 #ajj 7#db74 ,8 hi/ory1 ed4 ,sa*au1 ,leipzig1 #ahgh1 p4 #bjg4 #aah ,at-,t>ih1 ed4 ,alton ,salhan1 ,berut1 p4 #bff4 #aai ,fihri/1 p4 #cbj4 ,! ,arabs us$ to call ! ,prophet ,a-abi1 because he dep>t$ f ! religion ( ! ,korei% to ,al-,islam2 cf4 ,al-,keaf on ,surah ,,xxii1 #ag4 #abj ,hudud1 pl4 ( ,hadad1 re/rictive ord9ances1 or /atutes1 ( ,god respect+ ?+s lawful & ?+s unlawful4 ,! ,hudud ( ,god are ( two k9ds3 ,fir/1 ^? ord9ances respect+ eatables1 dr9kables1 m>riage1 etc41 :at are lawful !re( & :at are unlawful4 ,second1 ca/igations1 or puni%m5ts1 prescrib$1 or appo9t$1 to be inflict$ ^u him :o does t :i* he has be5 =bidd5 to d4 ,! fir/ k9d are call$ ,hudud because !y d5ote limits :i* ,god has =bidd5 to transgress2 ! second1 because !y prev5t "o's committ+ aga9 ^? acts = :i* !y are appo9t$ z puni%m5ts1 or because ! limits !re( are det]m9$4 ,see ,lane's ,arabic ,diction>y 9 ,loco4 #aba ,cf4 also ,w4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #afg1 & ,d4 ,b4 ,/ade's ,biblis*e ,!ologie des ,alt5 ,te/am5ts1 pp4 #aaa & #bij4 #abb ,r4 ,smi?1 ibid1 p4 #di2 cf4 ,ex4 #c3 #e1 8,& he said1 ,draw n nigh hi!r2 put (f ?y %oes f (f ?y feet1 = ! place :]eon ?\ /&e/ is holy gr\nd02 & ,jo%4 #e3 #ae1 8,& ! capta9 ( ! ,"l's ho/ said unto ,jo%ua3 ,loose ?y %oe f (f ?y feet1 = ! place :]eon ?\ /&e/ is holy4 ,& ,jo%ua did s40 ,9 idolatr\s days ! ,arabs did n we> any clo?+ 9 mak+ ! circuit ( ! ,kaaba4 ,9 ,islam1 ! or?odox way is z foll[s3 ,arriv$ )9 a %ort di/ance ( ,mecca1 ! pilgrims put (f _! ord9>y clo?+ & assume ! g>b ( a hajjee4 ,s&als may be worn b n %oes1 & ! head mu/ be left uncov]$4 ,9 ,m&eanism1 ea* p]son z he or %e ent]s ! ,mikana1 or tab]nacle1 disrobes1 & ba!s 9 ! little circul> res]voir4 ,on em]g+ f ! wat]1 ea* "o robes him or h]self 9 ! ra/a1 ! c]emonial :ite g>m5t4--,! ,london ,/&>d1 ,oct4 #ai1 #ahid4 ,pray] ,meet+ ( ! ,/>wor%ipp]s4 #abc ,cf4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ibid1 p4 #ahe1 & ,/ade1 ibid1 p4 #aaa seq4 #abd ,weil's translation1 p4 #ci4 #abe ,cf4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ibid1 pp4 #bjc-bab2 ,s4 ,i4 ,curtiss' ,primitive ,semitic ,religion ,to-day1 pp4 #hd-hi2 ,/ade1 ibid1 p4 #aad1 seq42 see also ,,ii ,sam4 #e3 #bd1 & ,john #e3 #b1 #c4 ,! orig9al idea might h be5 t ! wat]s1 ! /ones1 & ! trees !mselves 7 div9ities4 ,9 ,jud4 #e3 #ba1 we h ! /atem5t3 8,! riv] ,ki%on swept !m away1 t anci5t riv]1 ! riv] ,ki%on40 ,n[ ,kais 0 ! "n ( an ,arabian god 9 ,pre-,islamic "t4 ,9 ,num4 #e3 #ag seq41 an accus$ woman is te/$ by a sacr$ wat]4 ,9 ,deut4 #cb3 #d1 8,he is ! rock10 8rock0 is z mu* a t]m = ,god z ,el1 or elohim2 cf4 v]ses #ae1 #ah1 #cj1 #ca2 ,,ii ,sam4 #bc3 #c4 ,9 ,ps4 #ah3 #b1 ! ^w rock is us$ ( ,god1 8! ,"l is my rock40 ,jacob took ! /one :i* he _h put "u 8 head z a pill[1 & rais$ x up z a pill>1 p\r$ oil ^u x & call$ x ! 8h\se ( ,god10 ,g54 #bh3 #ah1 #ai1 #bb4 8,! s\nd ( a go+ 9 ! tops ( ! mulb]ry trees0 7,,ii ,sam4 #e3 #bd71 = :i* ,david 0 to wait1 0 no?+ less ?an ! div9e voice speak+ to ,david 9 accordance ) anci5t conceptions4 #abf ,lay>d3 ,n9eveh & ,its ,rema9s1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bhj4 #abg ,danc+ might h be5 also a religi\s c]emony 9 ! ,pre-,kanaanitic religion ( ,israel4 #abh ,! p 9 ! ,ea/ are "u ! impression t ! ,yezidis violate ! law ( morality dur+ _! fe/ivals4 ,accord+ to ,hurgronje 7vol4 #b1 pp4 #fa-fd71 immorality is practis$ also 9 ! sacr$ mosque ( ,mecca4 ,?is practice may be a survival ( ! in/itution ( ,kade%es1 :o (f]$ !mselves 9 honor ( ! ,deity 9 ! sacr$ places :]e lic5se usually prevail$ dur+ ! fe/ivals 7,g54 #ch3 #ba1 & ,deut4 #bc3 #ah74 #abi ,cf4 ,r4 ,w4 ,smi?1 ibid1 p4 #dcb4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,ess5tial ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,yezidism ,al?\gh comp>atively few 9 numb]1 ignorant1 & practically )\t a lit]ature ( any sort1 ! foll[]s ( ,yezid are n )\t def9itely =mulat$ doctr9es ( fai? :i* b9d !m toge!r z a sect1 & di/+ui% !m f e o!r religi\s body4 ,!y *]i% two fundam5tal beliefs4 ,!y believe 9 a deity ( ! fir/ degree1 ,god2 & 9 a deity ( ! second degree1 :o1 !y seem to ?9k1 is compos$ ( ?ree p]sons 9 "o1 ,melek s1 ei #8,adi & ,yezid4#acj ,i ,,! ,,yezidi ,,view ,,( ,,god ,x is n easy to discov] :e!r ! conception ( ,god1 :i* exi/s to-day among ! ,yezidis1 h[ev] %ad[y1 has come f ,mohamm$an or ,*ri/ian s\rces1 or :e!r x comes f t primitive /age :]e ! wor%ip ( ,god & ( inf]ior deities exi/s side by side4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is app>5t1 & t is t ! ,yezidi notion ( ,god does n seem to be influ5c$ by any 8positive religion0 :i* traces its orig9 to ! tea*+s ( a great religi\s f\nd]1 :o spoke z ! organ ( a div9e revelation1 & delib]ately dep>t$ f ! traditional religion4 ,! ,yezidis' idea ( ,god is r an image left on _! m9d ?an ! result ( any reflection4 ,h5ce1 simple z x is1 ?is conception is n s easy to def9e4 ,! notion1 s prom95t 9 ,greek philosophy1 ( ,god z an exi/5ce absolute & complete 9 himself1 un*angeable1 outside ( "t & space1 etc41 is unkn[n 9 ,yezidi !ology4 ,s also ! !ocratic conception ( ,jehovah 9 ,judaism is =eign to ! dogma ( ?is sect4 ,n ev5 ! ,mohamm$an idea ( ,god z an absolute rul]1 & ! di/9ctive notion :i* ! ,*ri/ians h ( ,god z ,*ri/-l 9 "*1 are to be f\nd 9 ! religion ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,& we h accu/om$ ourselves to ?9k ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 9 ^! conv5tional t]ms4 ,!re is "o elem5t1 h[ev]1 :i* may be trac$ to ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity & ,islam1 namely1 ! belief 9 a p]sonal ,god4 ,b ,yezidism holds t ?is deity is only ! creator ( ! univ]se & n its su/a9]4 ,its ma9t5ance1 accord+ to ?is sy/em1 is left to ! sev5 gods4 ,ano!r elem5t :i* may be said to be a remnant ( "s o!r religions is ! idea ( a transc5d5t ,god4 ,b 9 ?is po9t1 z 9 ! o!r1 ! notion ( transc5d5talism 9 ! religion ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s is n ( ! same degree z t ( ! o!r religions4 ,! =m] conceives ( ! ,almighty z retir+ f> away1 & z hav+ no?+ to d ) ! affairs ( ! _w1 except once a ye>1 on ,new ,ye>'s day1 :5 he sits on 8 ?rone1 calls ! gods unto him1 & deliv]s ! p[] into ! h&s ( ! god :o is to desc5d to ! e>?4 ,to sum up1 ! ,yezidis' conception ( a p]sonal ,god is transc5d5tal & /atic ( ! extreme type4 ,9 ?is x resembles some:at ! ,platonic idea ( ! absolute4 ,!y call ,god 9 ! ,kurdi% ,khuda1 & believe t he manife/$ himself 9 ?ree diff]5t =ms2 9 ! =m ( a bird1 ,melek s2 9 ! =m ( an old man1 ei #8,adi2 & 9 ! =m ( a "y man1 ,yezid4 ,!y d n seem to (f] him a direct pray] or sacrifice4 ,,ii ,,! ,,deity ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,degree #a4 ,,melek ,s ,a di/+ui%$ mod]n s*ol> 7see ! pr9t$ text1 p4 #hj1 l9es #ab-ce7 argues t s is ! god ,tammuz4 ,8 argum5t is t ! ^w s mu/ embody an anci5t god1 b ow+ to ! obscurity 9 :i* ! orig9 ( ,yezidism & ! be+ ( ,melek s are wrapp$1 x is v difficult to say :i* god is meant4 ,& to det]m9e ?is1 he assumes t ! t]m does n come f ! ,arabic ^w s1 b 0 occasion$ by "s 8folk-etymology10 & t we mu/ look1 !re=e1 = "s god-"n :i* resembles ! ^w s4 ,tak+ ?is z a />t+ po9t1 ! critic calls att5tion to ! fact t 9 ,fihri/1 p4 #cbb1 l4 #bg;f1 :i* treats ( ! fea/s & gods ( ! arranians1 we read t ! god ,tauz _h a fea/ 9 middle ( ,tammuz4 ,he inf]s f ?is t ! god ,tauz is id5tical ) ,melek s4 ,& to ! "q :o ?is god ,tauz is1 he answ]s x is ,tammuz4 ,to ju/ify 8 explanation1 ! writ] cont5ds t ! ,yezidis speak 9 ,kurdi%1 & accord+ to ,ju/i's ,kurdis*e ,grammatik1 p4 #hb;ff1 ! *ange ( meem to waw 9 ?is language is frequ5t4#aca ,h[ev] plausible ?is process may seem to be1 philologically x _c "h yield a satisfactory conclusion4 ,= x is bas$ on wrong premises4 ,x is n true t ! ^w s signifies an anci5t deity4 ,x d5otes ! devil & no?+ else4 ,?is is s cle> to ! ,yezidis1 or to anyone acqua9t$ ) _! religion1 z to leave no ne$ = fur!r discussion4 ,& to "q ! religi\s consci\sness ( a sect is to engage 9 pure speculation4 ,likewise1 ! me?od ( det]m9+ ?is suppos$ god by ! "n ( "s deity resembl+ x is objectionable4 ,!re are _m su* names4 ,"o might also inf] t ! sect wor%ip ,*ri/ "u ! =m ( ! devil4 ,?is !ory has actually be5 advanc$4--,!atre de la ,turquie1 #cfd4 ,! /atem5t t 9 ,kurdi% ! lett] meem is *ang$ to waw frequ5tly is unt5able1 if "o w\ld set x up z a grammatical rule to expla9 su* ph5om5a4 ,:at is m1 ! ,kurds pron\nce ! "n tammuz1 & no?+ else1 unless "s "o has a physiological difficulty :i* w n p]mit him to close 8 lips1 s t in/ead ( say+ tammuz1 he w\ld mutt] ta\z4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( _m in/ances to %[ t meem is n *ang$ to waw 9 ,kurdi%1 ev5 9 words ( ,arabic orig93 #8,amelie ali 7good works71 zamanie aerat 7! la/ day71 ! well ( ,zamsam1 ,mohamm$1 & ,mu/afa 7! *os5 "o71 :5 appli$ to ! prophet1 ,melek 7k+71 :5 appli$ to s4 ,fur!r ! assumption t s does n come f ! ,arabic s is unv]ifiable4 ,unque/ionably ! attempt to trace ?is t]m to tauz1 !n to ,tammuz1 0 sugge/$ to ,pr(essor ,lidzb>ski by ! fact t ammuz 0 ! "n ( an anci5t ,babylonian god1 & t ,abu ,sayyid ,wahb ibn ,ibrahim1 quot$ by an-,n$im1 an ,arab au?or ( ! t5? c5tury1 /ates t ! god ,tauz has a fea/ 9 8 honor on ! fifte5? ( ,tammuz 7,fihri/1 p4 #cbb74 ,b accord+ to ! au?or ( 8,die ,sabi] und ,sabismus0 7p4 #bjb7 ! orig9al =m ( ?is ^w is unkn[n4 ,n only ! inf]5ce :i* id5tifies s ) ,tammuz is bas$ on wrong premises2 b1 9 ! ,yezidi conception ( ,melek s1 !re are no traces ( ! notion :i* is held respect+ ,tammuz4 ,! latt] 0 orig9ally a sun-god1 & son ( ,ea & ! goddess ,sirdu1 & ! bridegroom ( ! goddess ,it>4 ,! leg5d>y poems ( ,babylonia describ$ him z a %eph]d1 cut (f 9 ! beauty ( y\?1 or sla9 by ! bo>'s tusk 9 w9t]1 & m\rn$ = long & va9ly by ! goddess ,it>4 ,! god ,tammuz made 8 way to ,canaan1 ,cyprus1 & !nce to ,greece4 8,he _h ceas$ to be ! "y & beautiful sun-god1 & _h become ! repres5tative ( ! vegetation ( spr+1 gr[+ by ! side ( ! canals ( ,babylonia1 b p>*$ & de/roy$ by ! fi]ce heat ( ! summ]4 ,h5ce 9 ,babylonia 8 fun]al fe/ival came to be obs]v$ 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 & 9 ,pale/9e two mon?s lat]4 ,tammuz _h *ang$ 8 "* 9 pass+ f c\ntry to c\ntry1 b ! idea ( him z a sla9 god1 & ( 8 fe/ival z ! idealization ( human sorr[1 a k9d ( 8,all ,s\ls ,day10 0 nev] alt]$ :]ev] he 0 ador$40#acb ,su* beliefs are n f\nd 9 ! ,yezidi view ( _! ,k+ ,peacock4 ,on ! contr>y 8 fe/ival is = !m ! occasion ( joy & pleasure4 ,i conclude1 !n1 t s is ! ,arabic ^w mean+ peacock1 j z ,melek is ! ,arabic ^w mean+ k+ or angel4 ,! sect write x1 pron\nce x1 & believe x to be s4 ,! fai? ( ! sect f9ds expression 9 ! fact t !y repres5t _! angel ,azazil 9 ! =m ( ! peacock4 ,x seems to me t ! real "q is n :at ,melek s is1 b h[ ! devil-god came to be symboliz$ by ! image ( a bird4 ,?is "q f9ds an answ] 9 ! fact t ! wor%ip ( a bird appe>s to h be5 ! mo/ anci5t ( idolatry4 ,x is condemn$ especially 9 ,deut4 #d3 #af1 #ag3 8,le/ ye corrupt y\rselves & make a grav5 image1 ! similitude ( any figure1 ! lik5ess ( any w+$ f[l t flie? 9 ! air40 ,& ,lay>d1 9 8 ,n9eveh & ,its ,rema9s1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dfb1 gives ! sket* ( a bird f "o ( ! slabs dug up at ,nimrud4 ,he rem>ks t ! ,iyuges1 or sacr$ birds1 belong$ to ! ,babylonian & probably also to ! ,assyrian religion4 ,!y 7 a k9d ( demons1 :o ex]cis$ a peculi> influ5ce ov] mank9d1 resembl+ ! f]oh] ( ,zoroa/rianism4 ,! oracles attribut$ to ,zoroa/] describe !m z p[]s ano9t$ by ,god4 ,_! images1 made ( gold1 7 9 ! palace ( ! k+ ( ,babylonia4 ,accord+ to ,philo/ratus !y 7 connect$ ) magic4 ,9 ,pale/9e ! dove 0 sacr$ = ! ,pho5icians & ,phili/9es4 ,! ,jews br\ght accusation aga9/ ! ,sam>itans t !y 7 wor%ipp]s ( ! dove4 ,sacr$ doves 7 f\nd also at ,mecca4 ,nas> 7eagle7 0 a deity ( ! tribe ( amy>4#acc ,a "q sugge/+ itself is h[ ! ,yezidi god came to be designat$ by ! =m ( a peacock4 ,?is bird is a native ( ,ceylon1 & n ( ,mesopotamia or ,kurdi/an :]e ! ,yezidis live4#acd ,! answ] may be f\nd 9 ! ,muslim tradition#ace t :5 ! fir/ p>5ts =feit$ heav5 = eat+ :eat1 !y 7 ca/ d[n ^u e>?4 ,eve desc5d$ ^u #8,arafat2 ,adam at ,ceylon2 ! peacock at ,gabul1 & ,satan at ,bilbays4 ,9 ?is my? ! devil & ! peacock are figur$ z %>+ ! same p5alty at ! same "t4 ,accord+ to ,surah #b1 #bh-ca1 ! crime ( ! =m] 0 pride1 b no?+ is said ab\t ! guilt ( ! latt]4 ,we le>n1 h[ev]1 f o!r s\rces1 t ! bird 9 "q is ?\ght ( z a symbol ( pride4 ,9 8 article 8,peacock10 9 ! ,enc4 ,brit41 vol4 #ah1 p4 #ddc1 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,newton says3 8,! bird is well kn[n z ! prov]bial p]sonification ( pride4 ,x is seldom kept 9 l>ge numb]s = x has a bad reputation = do+ mis*ief 9 g>d5s40 ,h5ce we may inf] t ! notion ( ! peacock z a symbol ( pride toge!r ) ! ,koranic idea ( ,satan's s9 l$ to ! =mation ( ! my?2 t ?is /ory 0 curr5t among ! foll[]s ( ,yezid bn ,unaisa2 & t1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s ( ,p]sia ! old tradition lo/ its orig9al significance1 & came to be und]/ood to repres5t ! peacock z a symbol ( ! god-devil4 ,among ! ?ree bran*es ( ! deity 9 ! second degree1 ,melek s holds an important place 9 ! !ology ( ! ,yezidis4 ,! language us$ 9 8 praise is s elevat$ t "o is l$ to ?9k t he is id5tical ) ,god4 ,"s s*ol>s d5y ?is !ory on ! gr\nd t ! pr9cipal pray] ( ^! p is direct$ to ,god & no m5tion is made ( ,k+ ,peacock4 ,h5ce !y cont5d also t no direct wor%ip is (f]$ to ! latt] deity4#acf ,x seems to me t su* a cont5tion is n ju/ifiable4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! p !mselves confess _! loyalty to ! *ief angels4 ,moreov]1 ! expression 9 ?is pray]1 8,?\ ha/ nei!r fea!r1 nor w+s1 nor arms1 nor voice0 7see p4 #gd7 is m applicable to ! symbol ,peacock ?an to ,god4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t 9 ! conception ( ! sect #8,azazil appe>s to be id5tical ) ,god4 ,?is fact f9ds def9ite expression 9 ! ,book ( ,jilwah4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i he is repres5t$ z be+ f et]nity to et]nity1 z hav+ absolute control ( ! _w1 z be+ omnipres5t & omnipot5t & un*angeable4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,ii he is said to appe> 9 div]s mann]s to ! fai?ful ones2 & life & dea? are det]m9$ by him4 ,& 9 ,*apt] ,,iii he is decl>$ to be ! s\rce ( revelation4 ,:ile ?is is true1 !re are o!r phrases :i* ref] to s z be+ inf]ior to ! great ,god1 b sup]ior to all o!r gods4 ,he 0 creat$1 & is "u ! comm& ( ,god2 b he is made ! *ief ( all4 ,x is n q easy to und]/& ! und]ly+ idea 9 wor%ipp+ ! devil4 ,"s#acg expla9 ?is by suppos+ he is s bad t he requires con/ant propitiation2 o!rwise he w take rev5ge & cause great mis]y4 ,= ?is reason1 x is claim$1#ach !y d n wor%ip ,god1 because he is s good t he _c b =give4 ,?is is ! usual int]pretation1 & x is confirm$ by ! nature ( ! religi\s s]vice r5d]$4 ,x seems to p>take mu* m ( a propitiatory ?an ( a eu*>i/ic "*1 n z ! natural expression ( love b ( fe>4 ,?is rem9ds u at once ( ! ,babylonian religion4 ,accord+ to ?is religion1 :5 any mis=tune ov]took ! wor%ipp]s1 !y reg>d$ x z a sign t _! deity 0 angry1 & _h !re=e left !m to _! own res\rces or _h become _! enemy4 ,to be ?us des]t$ 0 acc\nt$ a calamity because ( ! innum]able dang]s to :i* ! s\l 0 expos$ f ! action ( ! p[]s se5 & unse54 ,s t z a matt] ( precaution1 x 0 well to ma9ta9 a propitiatory attitude4 ,h5ce ! great object ( wor%ip 0 to secure & reta9 ! some:at caprici\s favor ( ! deity4#aci ,?is is 9 accord ) ! natural feel+ ( man 9 8 primitive /ate1 :i* leads him r to dread puni%m5t = 8 s9 ?an to be ?ankful = bless+s receiv$4 ,o!rs#adj hold t ! ,devil-wor%ipp]s believe t _! ,"l is a fall5 angel1 n[ suff]+ a tempor>y puni%m5t = 8 rebellion aga9/ ! div9e w because he deceiv$ ,adam1 or because he did n recognize ! sup]iority ( ,adam z comm&$ by ,god4 ,b x is n = man to int]f]e 9 ! relations ( ,god ) 8 angels1 :e!r !y be fall5 or n2 on ! contr>y man's duty is to v5]ate !m all alike4 ,! great ,god w be f9ally reconcil$ to s1 & w re/ore him to 8 high place 9 ! cele/ial hi]>*y4 ,/ill o!rs#ada ass]t t ! sect does n believe 9 an evil _s b z a true div9ity4 ,?is !ory is n g5]ally accept$1 b seems m probable ?an ! prec$+ ones4 ,= !re is no?+ 9 ! sacr$ book to indicate t ,melek s is an evil _s or a fall5 angel4 ,on ! contr>y ! *>ge t he 0 reject$ & driv5 f heav5 is repudiat$4 ,! m5tion+ ( 8 "n is look$ ^u z an insult to & blasphemy aga9/ him because x is bas$1 ! ,yezidis ?9k1 on ! assumption t he is degrad$4 ,f9ally1 he is decl>$ to be "o ( ! sev5 gods1 :o is n[ rul+ ! _w = a p]iod ( #aj1jjj ye>s4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t1 9 ! hi/ory ( religion1 ! god ( "o p is ! devil ( ano!r4 ,9 ! ,ave/a1 ! evil spirits are call$ daeva 7,p]sian ,div72 ! ,aryans ( ,india1 9 common ) ! ,romans1 ,celts1 & ,slavs gave ! "n ( dev 7dev91 div9e1 divny7 to _! good or god-l spirits4 ,asura is a deity 9 ! ,rig ,v$a1 & an evil _s only 9 lat] ,brahman !ology4 ,zoroa/] ?\ght t ! be+s :om 8 oppon5ts wor%ipp$ z gods1 "u ! "n ( daeva1 7 9 reality p[]s by :om mank9d are unwitt+ly l$ to _! de/ruction4 8,9 ,islam ! gods ( hea!nism are degrad$ into j9n1 j z ! gods ( nor? semitic hea!nism are call$ irim 7hairy demons7 9 ,lev4 #ag3 #g1 or z ! gods ( ,greece & ,rome became devils to ! e>ly ,*ri/ians40#adb ,! ,yezidis' v5]ation = ! devil 9 _! assemblies is paid to 8 symbol1 ! sanja4 ,x is ! figure ( a peacock ) a swell+ brea/1 dim9utive head1 & widespread tail4 ,! body is full b ! tail is flat & flut$4 ,?is figure is fix$ on ! top ( a c&le/ick ar\nd :i* two lamps are plac$1 "o above ! o!r1 & conta9+ sev5 burn]s4 ,! /& has a bag1 & is tak5 to pieces :5 c>ri$ f place to place4 ,close by ! /& !y put wat] jugs fill$ ) wat]1 to be drunk z a *>m by ! sick & afflict$4 ,!y set ! sanja at ! end ( a room & cov] x ) a clo?4 ,und]nea? is a plate to receive ! contributions4 ,! awwal 7sacr$ musician7 kisses ! corn] ( ! clo? :5 he uncov]s ,melek-s4 ,at a giv5 signal1 all arise1 !n ea* approa*es ! sanja1 b[s be=e x & puts 8 contribution into ! plate4 ,on return+ to _! places1 !y b[ to ! image sev]al times & /rike _! brea/s z a tok5 ( _! desire to propitiate ! evil pr9ciple4 ,! ,yezidis h sev5 sanjas1 b ! ,f>i 7,lieut4-,g54 ( ! ,turki% ,army71 :o tri$ to conv]t !m to ,mohamm$anism 9 #ahib1 took five ( !m4 ,"s d5y1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 real ones2 !y say !y 7 imitations4 ,ea* sanja is giv5 a special place 9 ! ,emir's palace1 :]e x is furni%$ ) a small braz5 b$ & a vessel 9 ! =m ( a mort> plac$ be=e x4 ,!y burn c&les & inc5se be=e x day & night4 ,ea* sanja is assign$ a special di/rict1 ! "n ( :i* is writt5 on a piece ( pap] & plac$ on its %\ld]4 ,on ! %\ld] ( ! fir/ ! di/rict ( eian1 :i* comprises ! villages ar\nd ,mosul1 is indicat$2 on ! second ,jabal ,s9j>2 9 ! ?ird ! di/rict ( alitiyah1 :i* is "o ( ! dep5d5cies ( ,di>bek]2 on ! f\r? ! di/rict ( aw>iyah1 i4 e41 ! ,kocers2 on ! fif? ! di/rict ( ,malliah1 ! villages ar\nd ,aleppo2 on ! six? ! di/rict ( ,s>id>1 :i* is 9 ,russia2 & ! sev5? rema9s at ! tomb ( ei #8,adi4 ,:5 s5t f village to village ( its respective di/rict1 a sanja is put 9 a hagibah#adc 7saddle-bag7 & c>ri$ on a horse t belongs to a pir 7religi\s tea*]74 ,on ne>+ a c]ta9 place1 a mess5g] is s5t to ann\nce 9 ,kurdi% 8,sanja hat10 8! ,sanja has come40 ,!n all ! p don _! f9]ies & g out to welcome x ) tamb\r9es4 ,z ! repres5tative ( ,melek s rea*es ! t[n1 ! pir cries out 9 ,kurdi% language1 8,sanja mevan ki sawa80 7lit]ally3 8,^: gue/ %all ! sanja be8074 ,on he>+ ?is1 ea* p]son makes a bid = ! privilege ( ent]ta9+ x4 ,f9ally he :o bids ! highe/ receives ! image4 ,at t mom5t ! accompany+ pir takes ! hagibah (f ! horse's back & hangs x on ! neck ( ! p]son :o is to keep ! symbol ( ! devil ov] night4 ,! ,yezidis say1 t 9 spite ( ! frequ5t w>s & massacres to :i* ! sect has be5 expos$1 & ! plund] & murd] ( ! prie/s dur+ _! j\rneys1 no ,melek s has ev] fall5 into ! h&s ( ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,:5 a awwal sees dang] ahead ( him1 he buries ! ,melek s & aft]w>ds comes himself1 or s5ds "s "o to dig up ! braz5 peacock1 & c>ries x =w>d 9 safety4 ,besides rev]+ ! devil by ador+ 8 symbol1 ! ,yezidis v5]ate him by speak+ ) great respect ( 8 "n4 ,!y ref] to him z ,melek s1 ,k+ ,peacock1 or ,melek al-awwat1 ! ,mighty ,k+4 ,!y nev] m5tion 8 "n2 & any allusion to x by o!rs s irritates & vexes !m t !y put to dea? p]sons :o h int5tionally outrag$ _! feel+s by its use4 ,!y c>efully avoid e expression t resembles 9 s\nd ! "n ( ,satan4 ,9 speak+ ( %att 7riv]7 !y use ! common ,kurdi% ^w ,ave1 or ! ,arabic ma 7wat]74 ,9 speak+ ( ! ,euphrates1 !y call x ,ave #8,azim1 or ma al-kabir1 i4 e41 ! great riv]1 or simply al-,frat4 #b4 ei #8,ad ,next to ! devil 9 rank comes ei #8,adi4 ,b he is n ! hi/orical p]son ^: biography is giv5 by ! ,mohamm$an au?ors4 ,he is id5tifi$ ) deity & look$ ^u z a second p]son 9 a div9e tr9ity4 ,he is s5t by ,melek s to tea* & to w>n 8 *os5 p le/ !y g a/ray4 ,he is conceiv$ to be ev]y:]e1 to be great] ?an ,*ri/2 &1 l ,melek-edek1 has nei!r fa!r nor "m4 ,he has n di$ & w nev] die4 ,9 v]se t5 ( ! poems 9 8 praise1 he is di/9ctly said to be ! only ,god4 ,8 "n is associat$ ) all ! my? t human imag9ation c possibly create ab\t a deity4 ,to express ! ,yezidi dogma 9 t]ms ( ,*ri/ian =mula1 ei #8,adi is ! ,holy ,_s1 :o dwells 9 _! prophets1 :o are call$ ko*aks4 ,he also reveals to !m tru? & ! my/]ies ( heav54 ,! ent]ta9+ ( su* views has l$ "s mod]n critics to ?9k #8,adi ! good & ,melek s ! evil pr9ciple4 ,9 ! poem 7#cj-cb71 he is repres5t$ z ! good deity & ! s\rce ( all good4 ,o!rs id5tify him ) ,adde or ,adi1 a disciple ( ,manes or ,mani4 ,/ill o!rs reg>d 8 "n z "o ( ! names ( ! deity4 ,9 ?is case1 8 tomb is a my? & ! prefix 8ei0 is add$ to deceive ! ,mohamm$ans1 & ?us to prev5t !m f desecrat+ ! sacr$ %r9e1 j z ! ,*ri/ians call ,m> ,mattie1 ,%eikh ,mattie1 & ! conv5t ( ,m> ,behnan1 ud] ,elias4#add ,b ! mo/ +5i\s !ory is t advanc$ by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,p4 ,badg]4 ,he qu]ies :e!r ! ,yezidi #8,adi be n cognate ) ! ,hebrew ,ad1 ! two fir/ lett]s 9 ! orig9al ( ,adonai1 ! ,"l1 & its comp\nds1 ,adonijah1 ,adonibezek4 ,! writ] is aw>e1 h[ev]1 t 8,?is d]ivative is op5 to objection on ! gr\nd t ! ,yezidis write ! ^w ) #8a9 & n ) alif40 ,b he expla9s3 8,!y write s only 9 ,arabic1 ( :i* !y "k b v little1 & n 9 _! own language 7,kurdi%7 9 :i* !y d n write x at all4 ,moreov]1 !y may h assimilat$ ! mode ( express+ ! title ( _! deity 9 bygone days to t ( #8,adi1 "o ( ! desc5dants ( ! ,m]awian ,califs1 ) :om1 f fe> ( be+ p]secut$ by ! ,mohamm$ans1 !y sometimes id5tifi$ him40 ,hav+ ?us exp\nd$ 8 own view1 ?is ,engli% s*ol> proce$s to repudiate ! sugge/ion t ei #8,adi 8is ! same ,adi10 "o ( ! disciples ( ,mani1 s9ce !re is no pro(1 accord+ to him1 t ,mani himself 0 deifi$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,s f> z ! application ( ! me?od ( comp>ative philology is conc]n$1 ,badg]'s !ory is m reasonable & t5able ?an t ( ,lidzb>ski1 :o1 by ! same me?od1 attempts to id5tify ,melek s ) ,tammuz4 ,nev]!less1 ! inf]5ce ( ! =m] is beyond any possible ju/ification4 ,= su* a />t+-po9t is mislead+ :5 x is n support$ by hi/orical pro(4 ,a failure to support x ?us _c be reg>d$ z o!r ?an defici5cy 9 treatm5t4 ,n[1 :ile "o may be misguid$ by ! ,yezidi my? surr\nd+ ! p]sonality ( ei #8,adi1 ! critical m9d c f9d mu* 9 x to aid him 9 8 ef=ts to discov] ! true id5tity ( ! man4 ,9 v]se fifty ( 8 poem1 = our critic draws 8 conclusions 9 ! light ( ?is poem1 ! ei receives 8 au?ority f ,god :o is 8 "l2 9 v]se fifty-sev5 he is a man1 #8,adi ( ,damascus1 son ( ,musafir2 9 v]se eighty he decl>es t ! high place :i* he _h atta9$ is atta9able by all :o1 l him1 %all f9d ! tru?4 ,to ju/ify my criticism1 ,i ne$ only ask ! read] to recall ! description by ! ,mohamm$an biograph]s ( ! p]son 9 "q4 ,! ,yezidis (f] _! wor%ip to ei #8,adi1 usually :5 !y assemble at 8 %r9e4 ,?is is 8 tomb )9 a temple4 ,! latt] lies 9 a n>r[ valley :i* has only "o outlet1 z ! rock rises on all sides except :]e a small /ream =ces its way into a l>ge valley beyond4 ,! tomb /&s 9 a c\rty>d1 & is surr\nd$ by a few build+s 9 :i* ! gu>dians & ! s]vants ( ! sanctu>y live4 ,9 ! vic9ity are scatt]$ a numb] ( %acks1 ea* nam$ aft] a ei1 & suppos$ to be 8 tomb4 ,t[>d sunset ^! sacr$ places are illum9at$ by burn+ sesame oil lamps1 putt+ "o at ! entrance to ea* tomb 9 tok5 ( _! respect2 ! light la/s b a %ort "t4 ,!re are also a few edifices1 ea* belong+ to a ,yezidi di/rict1 9 :i* ! pilgrims reside dur+ ! "t ( ! fea/2 s t ea* portion ( ! valley is kn[n by ! "n ( ! c\ntry ( ^? :o resort ?i!r4 ,on ! l9tel ( ! doorway ( ! temple1 v>i\s symbols are engrav$1--a lion1 a snake1 a hat*et1 a man & a comb4#ade ,_! my/ical mean+ is unkn[n4 ,!y are reg>d$ z m]e ornam5ts plac$ !re at ! reque/ ( ^? :o furni%$ money = build+ ! temple4 ,! int]ior ( ! temple is made up ( an oblong ap>tm5t :i* is divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 & a l>ge hall 9 ! c5tre :i* is divid$ by a r[ ( columns2 & ar*es support ! ro(4 ,to ! "r ( ! entrance are a plat=m1 & a spr+ ( wat] com+ f ! rock4 ,! latt] is reg>d$ ) great v5]ation1 & is believ$ to be d]iv$ f ! holy well ( ,zamzam at ,mecca4 ,x is us$ = ! baptism ( *ildr5 & = o!r sacr$ purposes4 ,close by !re are two small ap>tm5ts 9 :i* are tombs ( ! sa9ts & ( "s inf]ior p]sonage4 ,9 ! pr9cipal halls a few lamps are usually burn+1 & at sunset lights are scatt]$ ov] ! walls4 ,! tomb ( ei #8,adi lies 9 ! inn] room1 :i* is dimly light$4 ,! tomb has a l>ge squ>e cov]1 ^u :i* is writt5 ,ayat al-,kursi1 t is1 ! v]se ( ! ?rone1 :i* is ! #bef? v]se ( surat-al-,baarah1 or ,*apt] ,,ii ( ! ,koran4 8,god4 ,!re is no ,god b ,he1 ! ,liv+1 ! ,abid+4 ,nei!r slumb] nor sleep seize? ,him4 ,to ,him belonge? :atsoev] is 9 heav5 & :atsoev] is on e>?4 ,:o is he t c int]c$e ) ,him b by ,8 own p]mission8 ,he kn[e? :at has be5 be=e !m & :at %all be aft] !m2 yet naught ( ,8 k d !y compreh5d1 save :at he wille? to reveal4 ,8 ?rone rea*e? ov] ! heav5s & ! e>?1 & ! uphold+ ( bo? burd5e? ,him n4 ,he is ! ,high1 ! ,great40 ,x is relat$ 79 ! ,mi%kat1 ,book ,,iv1 #a4 #ai1 ,"p ,,iii7 t #8,ali he>d ,mohamm$ say 9 ! pulpit1 8,t p]son :o repeats ! ,ayat al-,kursi aft] e pray] %all 9 no wise be prev5t$ f ent]+ into ,p>adise1 except by life2 & :oev] says x :5 he goes to 8 b$*amb] w be kept by ,god 9 safety toge!r ) 8 h\se & ! h\se ( 8 neighbor40 ei #8,adi might h be5 9 ! habit ( repeat+ ?is v]se2 & ?is1 p]haps1 l$ to its inscription on ! tomb4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! inn] room1 close by ! tomb1 !re is a squ>e pla/] case1 9 :i* are small balls ( clay tak5 f ! tomb4 ,^! are sold or di/ribut$ to ! pilgrims1 & reg>d$ z sacr$ relics1 useful aga9/ disease & evil spirits4 ,x is said t !re are ?ree hundr$ & sixty lamps 9 ! %r9e ( #8,adi1 :i* are lit e night4 ,! :ole valley 9 :i* ! %r9e lies is held sacr$4 ,no impure ?+ is p]mitt$ )9 its holy b\nds4 ,no o!r ?an ! high prie/ & ! *iefs ( ! sect are buri$ ne> ! tomb4 ,_m pilgrims take (f _! %oes on approa*+ x1 & g b>efoot$ z long z !y rema9 9 its vic9ity4 ,su* is ! sanctu>y ( #8,adi1 :]e !y (f] him _! homage4 ,_! wor%ip may be divid$ into two k9ds1 direct & indirect4 ,! =m] consi/s ( traditional hymns sung by ! awwals1 ! sacr$ musicians ( ! sect4 ,!y are *ant$ to ! s\nd ( flutes & tamb\r9es4 ,! tunes are monoton\s & g5]ally l\d & h>%4 ,! latt] k9d consi/s 9 celebrat+ _! religi\s rites ) great rejoic+ on ! fea/ day ( _! great sa9t4 ,& _! ubla1 ! place to :i* !y look :ile p]=m+ _! holy c]emonies1 is t "p ( ! heav5 9 :i* ! sun rises4 ,! great fea/ ( ei #8,adi is held ye>ly on ,april fifte5? to tw5tie?1 ,roman cal5d>1 :5 ! ,yezidis f all _! di/ricts come to att5d ! fe/ival celebration4 ,be=e ent]+ ! valley1 m5 & wom5 p]=m _! ablutions1 = no "o c ent] ! sacr$ valley )\t hav+ fir/ purifi$ 8 body & 8 clo!s4 ,! p ( ! villages are ga!r$ & />t toge!r1 =m+ a long procession1 prec$$ by musicians1 :o play ! tamb\r9e & ! pipe4 ,!y load ! donkeys ) necess>y c>pets & dome/ic ut5sils4 ,:ile m>*+ !y dis*>ge _! guns into ! air & s+ _! w> cry4 ,z soon z !y see ! t[] ( ! tomb1 !y all toge!r dis*>ge _! arms4 ,! eis & ! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! prie/hood are dress$ 9 pure :ite l951 & all are v5]able m5 ) long be>ds4 ,only ! *ief & ! awwals & two ( ! ord] ( ! prie/hood ent] ! inn] c\rt ( ! temple1 & !y always g 9 b>efoot$4 ,!y />t an h\r aft] sunset4#adf ,! c]emony beg9s ) ! exhibition ( ! holy symbol ( ,melek s to ! prie/s4 ,no /rang] is all[$ to witness ?is c]emony or to "k ! nature ( x4 ,?is be+ done1 !y beg9 ! rite4 ,! awwals /& aga9/ ! wall on "o side ( ! c\rt & comm5ce a *ant4 ,"s play on ! flute1 o!rs on ! tamb\r9e2 & !y foll[ ! measure ) _! voices4 ,! eis & ! *iefs =m a procession1 walk+ two by two2 ! *ief prie/ walks ahead4 ,a fair holds 9 "o h& a light$ tor*1 & 9 ano!r a l>ge vessel ( oil1 f :i* he p\rs into ! lamp f "t to "t4 ,all are 9 :ite app>el except ! fairs1 :o are dress$ 9 black4 ,z !y walk 9 a circle1 !y s+ 9 honor ( ei #8,adi4 ,aft]w>d1 !y s+ 9 honor ( #8,isa 7,jesus74 ,z !y proce$ ! excitem5t increases1 ! *ants quick51 ! tamb\r9es are beat5 m frequ5tly1 ! fairs move fa/]1 ! wom5 make tahlil ) a great %\t+1 & ! c]emony comes to an end ) great noise & excitem5t4 ,:5 ! *ant+ is end$1 ^? :o 7 m>*+ 9 procession kiss1 z !y pass by1 ! "r side ( ! temple entrance1 :]e ! s]p5t is figur$ on ! wall4 ,!n ! emir /&s at ?is entrance to receive ! homage ( ! eis & eld]s :o kiss 8 h&4 ,aft]w>d all t are pres5t give "o ano!r ! kiss ( peace4#adg ,aft] ! c]emony ! "y m5 & wom5 dance 9 ! out] c\rt until e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,9 ! morn+ ! eis & ! awwals (f] a %ort pray] 9 ! temple )\t any c]emony & "s kiss ! holy places 9 ! vic9ity4 ,:5 !y end1 !y take ! gre5#adh cov] ( ! tomb ( ei #8,adi & m>* ) x ar\nd ! out] c\rt ) music4 ,! p ru% to !m & rev]5tly kiss ! corn] ( ! clo?1 (f]+ money4 ,aft] tak+ ! cov] back to its place1 ! *iefs & prie/s sit ar\nd ! inn] c\rt4 ,ko*aks at ?is "t br+ food & call ! p to eat ( ! hospitality ( ei #8,adi4#adi ,aft] !y h f9i%$ _! meal1 a collection is tak5 = ! support ( ! temple & tomb ( _! sa9t4 ,all p t come to ! annual fe/ival br+ di%es z (f]+s to _! liv+ ei4 ,aft] he has indicat$ 8 acceptance ( !m by ta/+1 ^! are giv5 to ! s]vants ( ! sanctu>y4 ,:5 ! fea/ comes to an end1 ! p return to _! sev]al abodes4 7#c47 ,,yezid ,! ?ird ess5tial elem5t 9 ! religion ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s is ! belief t _! sect has tak5 its orig9 f ,yezid1 :om frequ5tly !y call ,god & reg>d z _! ance/ral fa!r1 to :om !y trace _! desc5t4 ,no o!r wor%ip is (f]$ him4 ,he is giv51 h[ev]1 a place ( honor 9 ! c\rt ( ! temple1 :]e1 on "o side1 !re is ! inscription 8,melek ,yezid1 ! m]cy ( ,god be ^u him02 on ! o!r side 8ei #8,adi1 ! m]cy ( ,god be ^u him40 ,9 ! corn] ( ?is c\rt a lamp is kept burn+ all night 9 honor ( ! two4 ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,,ii #acj ,p4 ,ana/ase3 ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aea2 ,b$rus ,ef5di ,ar-,riwani1 8 lett] to ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 ,april #bb1 #ahhg4 #aca ,lidzb>ski1 ,z4 ,d4 ,m4 ,g41 vol4 ,,li1 p4 #eib2 he is foll[$ by ,makas1 ,kurdis*e ,/udi51 p4 #ce4 #acb ,see 8,tammuz0 9 ,ja/r['s ,religion ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 & ,*5ey's ,diction>y ( ! ,bible4 #acc ,r4 ,w4 ,smi?3 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #bai2 ,a-ahra/an1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dcd4 ,yaut 7vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #ghj7 says3 ,orig9ally nasr 0 wor%ipp$ by ! p ( ,noah1 & f !m 0 br\ght to ! tribe ( amy>4 ,accord+ to ! ,syriac doctr9e ( ,addai 7,ed4 ,george ,philips1 p4 #bd7 ! p ( ,edessa wor%ipp$ 8! eagle z ! ,arabians40 #acd ,s f> z ,i am aw>e no writ] on ! ,yezidis has ev] rais$ ?is "q4 #ace ,hughes3 ,diction>y ( ,islam1 p4 #ba4 #acf ,victor ,d+el/$t1 ,,sgm1 vol4 ,,xiv4 #acg ,badg]3 ,! ,ne/orians1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #abe2 ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #big4 #ach ,p4 ,ana/ase3 ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aeb4 #aci ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #b1 ,jan41 #aijg1 p4 #ccg4 #adj ,lay>d3 ,ibid2 ,victor ,d+el/$t1 ,ibid1 p4 #bii4 #ada ,d+el/$t3 ,ibid4 #adb ,r4 ,w4 ,smi?3 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #abj2 ,fihri/1 p4 #cbb1 #cbf1 calls ! gods ( ! arranians devils4 #adc ,hagibah is a ,turki% ^w1 mean+ a saddleback4 #add ,badg]3 ,ibid1 p4 #bdg4 7#acg7 ,ibid1 p4 #aab4 ,mr4 ,badg] seems to cont5d t ! ,kurdi%-speak+ p d n pron\nce ! lett] #8a94 ,?is is n true1 ! ,kurds pron\nce ?is lett] z well z o!r gutturals4 ,!y sometimes ev5 *ange ! ,arabic ,alif to #8a94 ,?is is to be said1 h[ev]1 t 9 "s localities ! #8a9 is pron\nc$ alif1 j z ! af is *ang$ to alif1 b ?is is n conf9$ to ! ,kurds1 su* *anges are made by ! ,arabic-& ! ,syriac-speak+ p also4 #ade ,! figures ( ! bull & ( ! s]p5t1 or ( ! bull & ( ! lion 7 plac$ at ! "r & left ( ! palaces ( ! ,assyrian k+s to protect _! pa?4 ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #afb2 ,n9eveh1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cae2 ,b4 ,f4 ,h>p]1 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,lit]ature1 pp4 #aci1 #adh1 #aec4 ,! lion 0 bo? an ornam5t & support 9 ! ?rone ( ,solomon1 ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cja4 ,! hat*et 0 among ! weapons ( ^? :o f\ght 9 *>iots1 & c>ri$ 9 ! quiv]1 ) ! arr[s & %ort angul> b[1 ,n9eveh1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cdc4 #adf ,! ,m&eans1 ! />-wor%ipp]s1 also beg9 _! ra/a c]emony aft] ! sunset1 & cont9ue x ?r\gh ! night4--,london ,/&>d1 ,octob] #ai1 #ahid1 ,al-,mutatataf1 #bc1 #hh4 #adg ,! kiss ( ! peace is a regul> "p ( ! *ur* s]vice 9 ! ,ea/4 #adh ,9 ,mohamm$anism1 gre5 is ! color ( eis4 #adi ,?is is a communal meal4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,o!r ,,deities ,,& ,,fe/ivals ,i ,,! ,,s-,,call$ ,,sev5 ,,div9ities ,besides _! great sa9t1 ! ,yezidis believe 9 sev5 o!r eis ?r\gh ^: int]m$iation !y invoke ,god4 ,^! are also deifi$ & assign$ places ( honor at ei #8,adi's side4 ,9 _! case z 9 t ( _! *ief1 ! tradition has l$ "s critics to believe t !y are ar*angels2 o!rs1 diff]5t attributes ( ,god2 & /ill o!rs1 ! sev5 ,am%aps ( ,zoroa/]1 or immortal spirits ( ! ,ave/a4 ,! la/ conjecture is made by ,victor ,d+el/adt4#aej ,*olsohn goes a /ep fur!r 9 mak+ ! ass]tion1 8,d] ,tempel des %eikh ,%ams i/ ohne all5 ,zweifel e9 ,sonn5tempel d] s gebaut i/1 dass die ern/5 ,/rahl5 d] ,sonne s hufig als mgli* auf ihn fall540 ,! gr\nd = ?is positive /atem5t is1 we are told 8,lay>d b]i*tet40#aea ,n[1 ! ,engli% s*ol> seems to base 8 cont5tion on ! fact t ! build+ is call$ ! sanctu>y ( ei ams2 t ! h]d ( :ite ox5 :i* are sla9 on great fe/ivals at ei #8,adi's are d$icat$ to ams2 8t ! d$ication ( ! bull to ! sun0 0 g5]ally recogniz$ 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! anci5ts1 :i* probably orig9at$ 9 ,assyria2 & t ! ,yezidis may h unconsci\sly pres]v$ a my? ( _! ance/ors4#aeb ,to my m9d ! gr\nd = su* a view is ! apriori assumption t ! religion ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s is ! remnant ( an anci5t cult1 & t e ph5om5on 9 x is to be reg>d$1 !re=e1 a survival ( ! pa/ sy/em4 ,= c]ta9 reasons ,i hold t su* is n ! case4 ,"o reason1 z ,badg] rightly rem>ks1 ! ,yezidis s designate ! place = ! sake ( brevity1 is ! entablature ov] ! doorway records ! "n 9 full1 8,%eikh ,%ams ,ali ,beg & ,f>is40 ,two p]sons are m5tion$ 9 ! inscription4#aec ,9 l mann]1 ! ^w ams frequ5tly ent]s into ! con/ruction ( ,mohamm$an names4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ "o t bore ?is "n 0 ams ud-,d9 ( ,tabriz1 ! fri5d & spiritual guide ( ,jalal ad-,d91 :o fl\ri%$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! #ac? c5tury ( our era4 ,moreov]1 r\nd ab\t ! tomb ( ei #8,adi are _m su* ab&on$ %r9es1 ea* ( :i* is d$icat$ to a simil> deifi$ ei4 ,_m ( ^! eis are kn[n to be hi/orical p]sonages4 ,take = example1 ei #8,abd al-adir ( ,gilan4 ,he is ei ,muiyy ud ,d9 #8,abd al adir ( ,gilan 9 ,p]sia1 ! f\nd] ( ! adiri ord] ( d]vi%es4 ,he 0 born 9 ,a4 ,h4 #dga 7,a4 ,d4 #ajgh-i7 & di$ ,a4 ,h4 #eaf 7,a4 ,d4 #aafd-e74 ,s also ei aib al-,ban4 ,he 0 f ,mosul1 & 0 a contempor>y ( ei #8,adi4 ,9 giv+ ! life ( ,mui ad ,d9 a-h>nozuri1 ,ibn allikan 7v4 #b1fea7 says1 8,8 corpse 0 remov$ to a mausoleum built = its reception outside ! ,maidan ,gate ( ,mosul1 ne> ! tomb ( adib al-,ban1 ! celebrat$ work] ( miracles40 ,fur!r1 ,manur al-allaj 0 a celebrat$ my/ic1 rev]$ z a sa9t by ! m advanc$ sufis4 ,he 0 put to dea? ) great cruelty at ,bagdad 9 ,a4 ,h4 #cji 7,a4 ,d4 #iba-b7 on a *>ge ( h]esy & blasphemy1 because he _h said 9 "o ( 8 ec/acies1 8,ana-l-a1 ,i am ! tru?1 ,god40 ,all biograph]s ( sufi sa9ts speak ( him ) admiration4 ,!re are /ill o!rs :o are m5tion$ ev5 among ! sev5 eis enum]at$ 9 ! pr9cipal pray]4 ei asan 7writt5 also eiis97 0 f ,barah4 ,he 0 a celebrat$ !ologian & di$ 9 ,a4 ,d4 #gbh4 ,8 life is giv5 by ,ibn allikan4 ,he 0 not$ = self-mortification1 fe> ( ,god & devotion4 ,& ,far ad-,d9 is ibn ,abd ,allah ,mohamm$ ,ibn ,am> al-ua9 ,ibn al-asan1 ,ibn #8,ali ,al-,taim al-,bakri al-,tab]/ani ar-kai-zi 7native ( ,kai 9 ,tab>e/an71 surnam$ ,far ad-,d9 7glory ( fai?74 ,he 0 a doctor ( ! ,%afite sect1 a pe>l ( 8 age1 a man )\t a pe]4 ,he surpass$ all 8 contempor>ies 9 s*ola/ic !ology1 & prea*$ bo? 9 ,arabic & ,p]sian4 ,he w\ld draw floods ( te>s f 8 eyes4 ,8 virtues & m]its 7 b\ndless4 ,he 0 born at ,kai1 #be? ( ,ramadan1 ,a4 ,h4 #edd 7,a4 ,d4 #aaej71 & di$ at erat1 ! fir/ ( ,%awal1 ,a4 ,h4 #fjf 7,m>* ,a4 ,d4 #abaj74 7,see ibn allikan 9 loco47 ,9 ! light ( ^! facts1 ,i conclude1 !n1 t ^? :o _c be id5tifi$--= _m be> ! same "n1 & we d n "k :i* is :i*--are also hi/orical p]sonages4 ,?is is :at ,i mean by ! /atem5t t 9 ord] to yield satisfactory results ! inductive me?od mu/ be support$ by hi/orical inve/igations4 ,9 a "q l ?is1 h[ev]1 ! philosophical me?od also1 :5 c>ri$ on critically1 may yield a satisfactory result4 ,accord+ly1 obs]vations %\ld be made 9 ! sph]e ( religi\s consci\sness4 ,n[ "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! human m9d is ! t5d5cy to defy man4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! titles :i* m5 gave to _! sup]iors4 ,9 ! ,tell-al-,am>na tablets1 we f9d v>i\s k+lets ( ,syria1 9 writ+ to ! k+ ( ,egypt1 address him z 8my gods0 7ilani-ia74 ,?us ,abimilki ( ,tyre writes3 8,to my "l1 ! k+1 my son1 my god40 ,:at is m1 a sup]human "* is attribut$ to ! dead4 ,?is appe>s f ! attitude :i* ! primitive m9d ent]ta9$ t[>ds ! deceas$4 ,at fir/1 ! relation to ! dead 0 ho/ile1 h5ce _! spirits 7 fe>$4 ,gradually1 ! relation became famili>1 s t _! association 0 s\ght & sacrifices & gifts 7 (f]$ to !m4 ,!y came to be look$ ^u z elohim1 :o knew ! future ev5ts4 ,?us we f9d t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 wor%ip 0 (f]$ to ! dead1 & t ! tombs ( ance/ors & h]oes frequ5tly appe> z places ( wor%ip1 z1 e4 g41 ! grave ( ,miriam at ,kadi% 7,num4 #bf3 #a74 ,ev5 to-day tombs ( sa9ts are common 9 ,arabia1 & ?\s&s ( p visit !m annually to ask ! int]cession ( ! sa9ts4 ,likewise1 ! ,nuairiyeh ( ,syria h deifi$ #8,ali1 ! ,drus _! *ief ,hakim1 ! ,babis _! ,beha1 & ! ,*ri/ians _! sa9ts4#aed ,we _c1 !re=e1 be surpris$ t ! ,yezidis h deifi$ _! eis & h]oes4 ,!y h only %[n t common trait ( ! m9d--! t5d5cy to deify man4 ,x is to be notic$1 fur!r1 t 9 ! hi/orical developm5t ( religions we f9d t :5 ! /age ( ! m]e belief 9 spirits is pa/1 individual deities /& out f ! great mass ( ! spirits1 & ^! are pla9ly imag9$ to be p]sonal gods1 su* z ,a/>te & ,ba#8al by ! side ( ,hadad & ,as*irat4#aee ,n[ ?is is practically :at we f9d 9 ! evolution ( mod]n ,yezidism4 ,out ( _m eis & murids1 sev51 next to ei #8,adi1 /& out z individual div9ities4 ,ye>ly fe/ivals 9 honor ( ^! eis are commemorat$ 9 ,april at diff]5t villages ) ! same rites z ^? obs]v$ at ei #8,adi's tomb4 ,lamps are nightly light$ & left to burn 9 ! %acks call$ aft] ! names ( _! respective eis2 & 9 ^? to :i* a room is atta*$1 awwals assemble at sunset e ,tuesday & ,?ursday1 :5 !y burn inc5se ov] ea* tomb2 & aft] wat*+ a %ort "t1 & smok+ _! pipes1 !y return home4 ,an int]e/+ fe/ival is t ( ei ,mohamm$1 celebrat$ by ! p ( ,ba#8ia1 :]e 8 tomb exi/s4 ,!y say t !y are solemniz+ ! nuptials ( ei ,mohamm$1 :om !y believe to be m>ri$ once a ye>4 ,! m5 & wom5 dance toge!r :ile ! awwals play on _! flutes & tamb\r9es4 ,!y br+ ,melek s 9 procession f ,baazanie to ,ba#8ia amid rejoic+ & s\nd ( music4 ,two pirs prec$e ! be>] ( ! sacr$ peacock1 c>ry+ 9 _! h&s light$ c&les :i* !y move to & fro4 ,z !y pass along ! by/&]s b[ 9 adoration &1 imm]s+ _! h&s 9 ! smoke1 p]fume ) x _! arms & faces4 ,!y c>ry ! image ( ,melek s to ! h\se ( ! "o :o is ! highe/ bidd] = ! honor ( ent]ta9+ x4 ,"h x rema9s two days1 dur+ :i* all pr(ane fe/ivals are susp5d$ & visits are paid to x4 ,,ii ,,! ,,day ,,( ,,s>sal ,9 addition to ! fe/ivals m5tion$ above is ! "o obs]v$ on ,new ,ye>'s day1 ! fir/ ,w$nesday 9 ,april4 ,on ?is day1 ! ,yezidis say1 no drums are to be beat51 = ,god sits on ! ?rone1 hold+ a conf]5ce at :i* he decrees ! ev5ts ( ! ye>4 ,!y also /ick wild sc>let anemones to ! entrance ( _! h\ses4 ,! refra9+ f ! s\nd ( in/rum5ts ( pleasure on ! "p ( ori5tals signifies a /ate ( contrition4 ,h5ce1 x is v likely t ! ,yezidis ent]ta9 ! view t on ?is day ,god is decree+ _! de/9y = ! com+ ye>2 t !y mu/ n[1 !re=e1 adju/ _! relation to him ) s9c]e sorr[ = s94 ,if ?is is s1 ! significance ( ! hang+ ( ! fl[]s at ! entrance ( _! h\ses c be tak5 z int5d$ to propitiate ! ,evil ,pr9ciple1 & to w>d (f calamity dur+ ! com+ ye>4 ,su* a belief has a p>allel 9 _m religions4 ,accord+ to ,babylonian my?ology human de/9y 0 decre$ on ,new ,ye>'s day & seal$ on ! t5? day !reaft]4 ,x 0 !re=e necess>y to placate ! deity1 or at lea/ to make sure ( "o's relation to him1 be=e ?is p>ticul> day4 ,! ,new ,ye> p]iod 0 held1 !re=e1 to be ( special importance because ( ! be>+ on individual welf>e by reason ( ! good or ! evil decision ( ! gods4 ,our mod]n cu/om ( wi%+ our fri5ds a ,happy ,new ,ye> has p]haps "s connection ) ?is idea4#aef ,! ,day ( ,atonem5t 7,lev4 #bc3 #bg2 #be3 #bi7 _h a mo/ important place 9 ! ,jewi% ecclesia/ical ye>4 ,?is 0 ! occasion ( a ?or\gh purification ( ! :ole nation & ( e individual memb] !re( 9 _! relation to ,yahweh4 ,x 0 design$ to deep5 afre% ! national & individual s5se ( s9 & dread ( ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ,talmud 7,mina1 ,ro haana1 vol4 ,i1 #b7 ,ro haana is ! mo/ important judgm5t day1 on :i* all creatures pass = judgm5t be=e ! ,creator4 ,on ?is day1 ?ree books are op5$ :]e9 ! fate ( ! wick$1 ! righte\s & ^? ( ! int]m$iate class are record$4 ,h5ce pray] & works ( rep5tance are p]=m$ on ! ,new ,ye> f ! fir/ to ! t5? t an unfavorable decision might be av]t$ 7,jewi% ,ency41 art4 ,p5it5tial ,day74 ,r4 ,akiba says3 8,on ,new ,ye> ,day all m5 are judg$2 & ! degree is seal$ on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t 7,ibid1 art4 ,day ( ,judgm5t74 ,moreov]1 ! r$ lilies ( ! doors ( ! ,yezidis rem9d u at once ( ! blood spr9kl$ on ! doorpo/s ( ! dwell+s ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt z a sign = ! ,de/roy+ ,angel to pass ov]4 ,?is notion is f\nd also 9 a simil> practice among ! ,p>sees ( ,india1 :o hang a /r+ ( leaves across ! entrances to _! h\ses at ! beg9n+ ( e new ye>4 ,9 ! light ( :at has be5 said1 ! ,yezidis' idea 9 giv+ food to ! poor at ! grave on ! day ( ,s>sal 7,new ,ye> day71 is to propitiate ,god on behalf ( ! dead1 :o are1 accord+ to _! belief1 re9c>nat$ 9 "s =m or o!r4#aeg ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,,iii #aej ,s4 ,g4 ,m41 ibid4 #aea ,die ,sabi51 ,i1 #bif4 #aeb ,n9eveh & ,its ,rema9s1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bci4 #aec ,ne/orians & ,_! ,rituals1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #aag4 #aed ,s4 ,j4 ,curtis3 ,primitive ,semitic ,religion ,to-day1 p4 #if2 ,j4 ,a4 ,o4 ,s41 vol4 #h1 #bbc4 #aee ,cf4 ,m>ti's ,die ,religion des ,a4 ,t41 pp4 #bh-bi4 #aef ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ibid4 #aeg ,= diff]5t int]pretation ( ! ,yezidi ,new ,ye>1 see ,brockelmann 9 ,z4 ,d4 ,m4 ,g41 vol4 #ee1 p4 #chh4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sacram5ts1 ,,religi\s ,,obs]vances ,,& ,,sac]dotal ,,sy/em ,i ,,sacram5ts ,circumcision1 ! ,eu*>i/ & baptism are ! ?ree religi\s rites adm9i/]$ by ! foll[]s ( ,yezid4 ,! fir/ rite is optional4 ,b ) baptism ! case is diff]5t2 x is a matt] ( obligation4 ,:5 a *ild is born ne> en\gh to ! tomb ( ei #8,adi to be tak5 !re )\t great inconv5i5ce or dang]1 x %\ld be baptiz$ z e>ly z possible aft] bir?4 ,! awwals 9 _! p]iodical visitations c>ry a bottle or sk9 fill$ ) holy wat] to baptize ^? *ildr5 :o _c be br\ght to ! %r9e4 ,! mode ( baptism is z foll[s3 ,a ei c>ries ! baby into ! wat]1 takes (f 8 clo!s1 & imm]ses him ?ree times4 ,aft] ! second "t1 putt+ 8 h& on ! *ild's head1 he mutt]s1 8,hol hola s\ltanie ,azid1 t\ b\ia b]e ,azid1 s>aka rea ,azid40 78,hol hola6#aeh ,yezid is a sultan4 ,?\ ha/ become a lamb ( ,yezid2 ?\ maye/ be a m>tyr = ! religion ( ,yezid407 ,! p>5ts are n admitt$ to ! dom$ %ack ( ! spr+2 !y rema9 outside4 ,! ei is paid = 8 s]vices by ! fa!r ( ! *ild4 ,if ! baby be a male1 ! gift mu/ be m valuable ?an if x be a female4 ,)9 tw5ty days f ! "t ( baptism1 a male *ild is circumcis$4 ,to p]=m ! rite1 two eis are employ$4 ,"o holds ! *ild 9 8 lap1 ! o!r p]=ms ! op]ation4 ,be=e />t+1 he asks ! *ild to say3 8,z b]e ,azide ,s>um40 78,i am ! lamb ( illum9at+ ,yezid407 ,if he be too small to repeat1 ! ei :o holds him repeats ! s5t5ce = him4 ,all ?is is done 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p>5ts1 ! relatives & ! fri5ds1 amid rejoic+ ) ! s\nd ( ! flute & ! tamb\r9e4 ,:5 ! c]emony is end$1 ! fa!r ( ! *ild ent]ta9s all ^? pres5t = sev5 successive days1 dur+ :i* p]iod !y dance1 s+ & eat ! food s5t to !m by ! fri5ds & neighbors ( ! circumcis$ *ild4 ,:5 ?is comes to an end1 ! two eis are pres5t$ ) gifts4 ,!n e "o returns home4 ,! reason :y !y obs]ve ! two rites1 !y say1 is t if "o does n "w ! o!r may1 & nei!r is h>mful4 ,z to ! ,eu*>i/1#aei its obs]vance is local4 ,x is usually adm9i/]$ by ! ,yezidis ( a place call$ alitiyeh1 a dep5d5cy ( ,di>bek]4 ,x is obs]v$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,!y sit ar\nd a table4 ,! *ief among !m hold+ a cup ( w9e1 asks 9 ,kurdi%1 8,ave ,*ia40 78,:at is ?is807 ,!n he himself answ]s1 8,ave ,kasie #8,isaya40 78,?is is ! cup ( ,jesus407 ,he cont9ues1 8,ave #8,isa naf r\ni%tiya40 78,jesus is sitt+ & pres5t 9 x407 ,hav+ fir/ p>tak5 himself1 he passes ! cup ar\nd4 ,! la/ p]son dr9ks all t is left 9 ! cup4 ,!re is ano!r sacram5t among ! ,yezidis4 ,i ref] to ! rite ( rep5tance4 ,:5 p]sons qu>rel1 ! guilty "o1 cov]+ 8 face ) 8 h&s1 betakes himself to ! mo/ v5]able ei to confess 8 s94 ,! latt]1 giv+ ! p5it5t in/ructions1 enjo9s him to kiss ! h&s ( 8 enemy & ^? ( ! memb]s ( ! prie/hood4 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 if /ill no reconciliation be effect$1 ! (f5d+ p]son1 :oev] he may be1 mu/ und]go aga9 ! same ex]cises4 ,:5 peace is e/abli%$1 ! p5it5t "o slaught]s a %eep & (f]s w9e to ! reconcil$ "o & ! cl]ical body4 ,?is rite ( rep5tance1 h[ev]1 is n obligatory4#afj ,,ii ,,"s ,,o!r ,,religi\s ,,practices ,fa/+ is "o ( ! religi\s obs]vances4 ,x is kept = ?ree successive days 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 :5 !y pr(ess to commemorate ! dea? ( ,yezid4 ,"s obs]ve also ! =ty days' fa/ 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 :5 ! ,ea/]n ,*ri/ians celebrate ! memory ( ,*ri/'s ab/95ce f food at ! "t ( 8 temptation 9 ! wild]ness4 ,"o p]son 9 a family may fa/ = ! re/4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod fa/]s ab/a9 f animal food4 ,! *ief ei fa/s rigidly "o mon? 9 ! ye>1 eat+ only once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs & imm$iately aft] sunset4 ,pray] is n consid]$ a religi\s duty4 ,!y nev] pray2 !y d n ev5 h a =m ( pray]1 & ackn[l$ge t !y d n pray4 ,x is said t :5 ei #8,adi came f ,mecca1 he told 8 foll[]s 9 "o ( 8 s]mons3 8,god comm&$ me to tell y t !re is no ne$ ( pray]2 believe 9 ! p[] ( ,melek s & ye %all be sav$48 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 :at is call$ morn+ recital1 :i* ! dev\t among !m mutt]s 9 ,kurdi% z he rises up f 8 b$4 ,x is z foll[s3 0,*&-il-manhatie sobayaka roh halatie4 ,hatna mes>m5 d\ jaladie1 mesk9o raba4 ,b$a ade ada d9a m9e eik ,allah melek eih-s9 ,habib ,allah malub al-m]gie ala malub w-m]gie al-jems ala ,al-bani ma-ieh al-jemsieh wal jot uobaieh ,kwa-amsi ,tauris wal-,fahra-,d9n1 wa%eikho ,pir4 ,kawata deira sor1 hanp\teka deira *ankulie wa-,kabri ,zaman wa-ahro d\ni1 ,am940#afa 8,h[ (t5 two execution]s came ^u me z ! morn+ sun arose4 ,o poor man1 /& up & be> witness6 ,witness = my religion4 ,god is "o2 ! angel ei #8,adi & ^u 8 congregation2 ^u ! great %ack & ! %ack ( ei ,tauris & ,far ad-,d9 & to e ei & pir1 & ! p[] ( ,deir ,zor & ,deir ,*ankalie 7two ,*ri/ian mona/]ies71 & ! grave ( "t 7my/]i\s p[]71 & ! ,la/ ,day40 ,,iii ,,! ,,sac]dotal ,,ord]s ,! hi]>*ical ord]s ( ! ,yezidi sect are f\r4 ,! head ei is ! patri>* ( ! sect4 ,he directs all ! religi\s affairs ( ! community & leads !m 9 _! rites4 ,he is also ! pr9cipal int]pret] ( _! religion1 ! *ief spiritual judge1 a sacr$ p]son1 ^: he>? is reg>d$ z a sanctu>y1 only second 9 importance to ei #8,adi's temple1 & ^: w mu/ be obey$4 ,8 p[]ful weapon is excommunication4 ,he presides ov] a tribunal compos$ ( ecclesia/ical sup]iors1 :i* has jurisdiction 9 religi\s (f5ces1 9 que/ions relat+ to m>riage1 & 9 disputes betwe5 ! cl]gy4 ,8 *>ge is h]$it>y1 9 direct succession2 b if 8 elde/ son be consid]$ unwor?y1 he may appo9t ano!r to succe$ him4 ,he is said to be desc5d$ f ei #8,adi1 & is believ$ to be end[$ ) sup]natural p[] = heal+ diseases1 & = bless+ cattle & crops4 ,twice a ye> he visits ! neighbor+ villages to collect contributions1 & s5ds 8 awwals to f> di/ant di/ricts = ! same purpose4 ,occasionally he takes "p 9 celebrat+ ! m>riage ( p]sons ( di/9ction 9 8 community4 ,he is also at times solicit$ to preside ov] fun]al rites1 :i* are g5]ally conduct$ by ! awwals & eis4 ,! *ief ei we>s a black turban & :ite g>m5ts4 ,besides ! head ei1 ! ,yezidis h _m o!r eis4 ,ea* has a p>i% to look aft]4 ,twice a ye> he visits 8 p>i%ion]s to receive _! free-w (f]+s4 ,if a memb] ( a congregation does n satisfy 8 ei1 he is ana!matiz$ by 8 spiritual lead]1 & no "o w speak to him or eat ) him4 ,e "o ( ^! eis is suppos$ to possess a special p[]1 su* z ! p[] to drive scorpions away by pray+ ov] wat] & spr9kl+ x 9 ! corn]s ( ! h\se4 ,!y h "o call$ ei ,deklie1 t is1 ei ( ! ,cocks4 ,8 (fice is to g f village to village to collect *ick5s4 ,sev]al ( ^! eis always reside at ei #8,adi's4 ,! next 9 dignity are pirs1 f ! ,p]sian mean+ an old man4 ,!y we> r$ turbans & black g>m5ts4 ,!n come ! awwals1 f ! ,arabic1 mean+ "o :o speaks flu5tly1 an orator4 ,& la/ly1 ! fakirs1 f ! ,arabic poor4 ,^! are ! l[e/ ord] 9 ! ,yezidi prie/hood4 7,= ! diff]5t (fices ( ! la/ ?ree ord]s1 7see p4 #fi47 ,! cl]gy ( all ranks enjoy p>ticul> respect4 ,_! p]sons & homes are held inviolate4 ,!y take prec$5ce at public ga!r+s4 ,& ! eis & pirs possess ! mu* dread$ p[] ( excommunication4 ,besides ! above1 ! ,yezidis h a temporal *ief1 :o is call$ amir4 ,8 dignity is also h]$it>y & conf9$ to "o family4 ,he is believ$ to be a desc5dant ( ,yezid4 ,he ex]cises a second>y au?ority ov] ! ,yezidis4 ,he is a m$iator betwe5 8 sect & ! ,turki% gov]nm5t4 ,he has ! p[] to cut (f any refractory memb] f ! community4 ,he has *>ge ( fifty awwals :o try to collect = him at _! annual visits to ea* ,yezidi di/rict a c]ta9 am\nt ( money4 ,! money receiv$ by !m is divid$ into two equal p>ts1 "o ( :i* goes to ! support ( ! tomb ( ei #8,adi1 & ! second "p is divid$1 "o-half be+ = ! amir1 ! o!r half be+ %>$ equally by ! awwals4 ,! "n ( ! pres5t amir is #8,ali1 & he resides 9 ,ba#8adrie4 ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,,iv #aeh ,hol ,hola is an int]jection1 or exclamation1 express+ sudd5 emotion1 excitem5t1 or feel+1 z 8,oh60 8,alas60 8,hurrah60 8,h>k60 9 ,engli%4 #aei ,p4 ,ana/ase3 ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cji4 #afj ,ibid1 p4 #caa4 #afa ,ibid1 p4 #cac4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,_! ,,cu/oms ,i ,,m>riage ,! ,yezidis are endogamic4 ,!y =bid union betwe5 ! secul> & ! religi\s classes1 z also )9 c]ta9 degrees ( relation%ip4 ,a ei's son m>ries only a ei's daught]2 s pirs' sons1 pirs' daught]s4 ,a layman _c m>ry a ei's or a pir's daught]1 b he may take = a wife a awwal's or a ko*ak's daught]2 & awwals' or ko*aks' sons may m>ry laym5's daught]s4 ,b if a layman m>ries a ei's or a pir's daught]1 he mu/ be kill$4 ,m>riage is = life1 b x is frequ5tly dissolv$1 divorce be+ z easy to obta9 among !m z among ,moslems4 ,:5 a man wants to get rid ( 8 wife1 he simply lets h] g4 ,polygamy is all[$1 b usually conf9$ to ri* m51 :o g5]ally h two wives4 ,! numb] ( wives is limit$ to six1 except = ! amir4 ,a man mu/ h money or cattle 9 ord] to be able to get m>ri$4 ,! price is call$ alam4 ,a respectable girl w n sell h]self at a l[ price4 ,p>5ts get ri* if !y h sev]al pretty girls2 !y are ! fa!r's prop]ty4 ,! alam1 d[ry1 is usually ?irty %eep or goats1 or ! price ( !m4 ,! man mu/ give pres5ts to ! relatives ( 8 bride1 p>5ts1 bro!rs1 etc4 ,if a c\ple love ea* o!r & _c m>ry because ! man has no money to pay 8 swee!>t's fa!r1 !n !y elope4 ,!y usually make arrangem5ts be=e elopem5t z to :]e !y w /ay = a few weeks to escape detection4 ,"s /rong m5 accompany !m :5 !y elope4 ,! fa!r ( ! girl ) 8 relatives foll[4 ,if !y cat* ! fugitives1 blood%$ may ensue4 ,b if !y succe$ 9 escap+1 !y return aft] "s "t & are !n =giv54 ,accord+ to a ,kurdi% prov]b ev]y?+ is p>don$ ! brave4 ,! c\ple *oose "o ano!r4 ,! girl in=ms h] "m t %e loves s & s4 ,! latt] in=ms h] husb&4 ,! fa!r acqua9ts ! fa!r ( ! "y man ) ! fact4 ,:5 !y agree1 & ! daught] is giv5 to ! "y man1 8 k9dr$ come to ! h\se ( ! bride's fa!r on an appo9t$ day1 & give ! girl a r+2 !n !y dance1 rejoice all night1 play1 wre/le1 & eat black rais9s4 ,aft] t ! "y c\ple are all[$ to arrange nuptial meet+s 9 ! company ( a matron1 :o is pres5t$ ) a gift4 ,:5 ! "t ( m>riage comes1 ! family ( ! bridegroom invites ! relatives4 ,ea* takes ) him a silk h&k]*ief z a pres5t = ! bride4 ,= ?ree days !y dr9k 8rak10 s+ & dance to ! s\nd ( flutes & drums at ! h\se ( ! "y man4 ,aft] t1 ! wom51 two by two1 ride on horseback toge!r1 & likewise ! m54 ,! m5 take ) !m _! *ildr51 :o ride beh9d !m4 ,9 ?is mann] !y g to ! bride's h\se1 dis*>g+ _! guns z !y proce$4 ,:5 !y rea* ! h\se !y all dis*>ge _! guns toge!r4 ,he>+ ! s\nd1 ! fa!r comes out & accord+ to ! cu/om1 asks ! visitors :at !y want4 ,!y respond 8,y\r daught]10 all answ]+ at once4 ,!n he goes 9 & tells 8 wife4 ,aft] putt+ ^u _! daught] a sc>let ailiyah 7veil71 :i* cov]s h] f head to foot1 !y br+ h] out4 ,ev]yone ( ! *ildr5 takes a spoon f ! bride's h\se & /icks x 9 8 turban4 ,aft] be+ br\ght to ! h\se ( ! bridegroom1 ! bride is kept beh9d a curta9 9 ! corn] ( a d>k5$ room = ?ree days1 & ! "y man is n all[$ to see h] dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,on ! ?ird day1 ! bridegroom is s\ght e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & l$ 9 triumph by 8 fri5ds f h\se to h\se1 receiv+ at ea* a small pres5t4 ,he is !n plac$ )9 a circle ( danc]s1 & ! gue/s & by/&]s wett+ small co9s /ick !m to 8 =ehead4 ,! money is collect$ z x falls 9 an op5 h&k]*ief held by 8 companions4 ,aft] ?is c]emony a numb] ( ! "y m51 :o h atta*$ !mselves to ! bridegroom1 lock ! mo/ weal?y ( _! companions 9 a d>k room until !y are will+ to pay a ransom = _! release4 ,! money ?us tak5 is add$ to ! d[ry ( ! newly m>ri$ c\ple4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! ?ird day ! ei takes ! bridegroom to ! bride4 ,putt+ ! h& ( "o 9 t ( ! o!r1 & cov]+ ! c\ple ) a ailiyah1 he asks ! bride1 8,:o are y80 8,i am ! daught] ( s & s10 responds %e4 ,!n he asks ! bridegroom ! same "q4 ,aft] receiv+ an answ]1 ! ei asks1 8,w y take ?is "y woman z a wife10 & 8,d y want ?is "y man z a husb&80 ,aft] he>+ ea* say 8,yes10 ! ei m>ks _! %\ld]s & =eheads ) r$ ink1 & h&s !m a /ick4 ,z ea* holds "o end ( x1 he asks !m to break x 9 ! middle1 leav+ "o-half 9 ! h& ( ea*4 ,!n ! ei says1 8,s y rema9 "o until dea? breaks y asund]40 ,:5 ?is is done1 he takes ! c\ple to a room & locks !m 91 wait+ at ! door4 ,aft] a :ile ! bridegroom knocks at ! door ?ree times4 ,und]/&+ ! signal1 ! prie/ dis*>ges 8 gun1 & all ! by/&]s outside foll[ 8 example4 ,aft] %\t+ & danc+ = "s "t1 ! ei s5ds !m home4 ,:5 !y fir/ meet1 ! newly w$d$ husb& /rikes 8 "y wife ) a small /one z a tok5 ( 8 sup]iority ov] h]4 ,= sev5 days1 !y /ay at home & d no "w4 ,n[1 if ! husb& dies fir/1 ! wife goes to h] fa!r's h\se4 ,) ! ,yezidis1 ! family bonds are /rong] ?an ^? ( ! tribe4 ,! family prop] consi/s ( p>5ts & _! *ildr51 m>ri$1 & unm>ri$1 liv+ 9 ! same h\se4 ,respect = p>5ts & eld] p]sons is consid]$ a virtue1 z x is among all ! ea/]n p4 ,! head ( ! family is ! sole proprietor ( ! possessions ( ! family1 & holds full control ov] 8 wife & *ildr51 :o are b\nd to obey him4 ,only p]sonal objects & dress are ! prop]ty ( ! wife4 ,he c puni% 8 wife & ! *ildr54 ,if a son leaves 8 fa!r's h\se1 he is beyond ! fa!r's au?ority1 b n beyond 8 moral influ5ce4 ,a fa!r is to ma9ta9 8 family1 def5d x1 & answ] *>ges br\ght aga9/ its memb]s4 ,next to ! fa!r 9 au?ority /&s ! elde/ son4 ,wom5 are inf]ior to m52 m>ri$ wom5 mu/ obey _! husb&s4 ,!y "w l m52 !y till ! gr\nd1 take c>e ( cattle1 fight ! enemy & are c\rage\s & v indep5d5t4 ,?is enables ! "y wom5 to *oose _! swee!>ts & run away ) !m4 ,!y conv]se ) m5 freely4 ,a woman does n conceal h] face unless %e is />$ at1 :5 %e draws a corn] ( h] mantle ov] h] face4 ,m>ri$ wom5 are dress$ entirely 9 :ite1 & _! %irt is ( ! same cut z ! man's1 ) a :ite k]*ief "u _! *91 & ano!r ov] _! heads1 held by ! #8agal or wooll5 cord ( ! ,b$\9s4 ,! girls we> :ite skirts & draw]s1 & ov] !m color$ zab\ns1 long dresses op5 9 front & conf9$ at ! wai/ by a girdle ornam5t$ ) pieces ( silv]4 ,!y b9d fancy k]*iefs ar\nd _! heads & adorn !mselves ) co9s z well z ) glass & amb] beads4 ,! m5 we> %irts clos$ up to ! neck1 & _! religi\s law =bids !m to we> ! common ea/]n %irts op5 9 front4 ,_! %irt is ! di/9ctive m>k by :i* ! ,yezidi sect is recogniz$ at once4 ,!y are clo!d besides ) loose tr\s]s & cloaks1 bo? ( :ite1 & ) a black turban1 f b5ea? :i* _! hair falls 9 r+lets4 ,!y usually c>ry long rifles 9 _! h&s1 pi/ols 9 _! girdles1 & a sword at _! side4 ,9 _! physical *>act]i/ics !y are l ! ,kurds1 wild1 r\gh1 uncultur$4 ,!y are muscul>1 active1 & capable ( be>+ great h>d%ip4 ,9 g5]al1 !y are a f9e1 manly race3 tall or ( m$ium /ature1 ) l>ge *e/2 /rong deep voice1 audible af>2 cle>1 ke5 eye2 frank & confid5t1 or fi]ce & angry2 nose ( mod]ate l5g?1 & fairly small head4 ,_! legs are r %ort1 b ! soles ( _! feet are l>ge4 ,_! complexion is usually d>k & _! eyes are black4 ,b !re are diff]5t types4 ,! pr$om9ant type is tall1 ) black hair1 f9e regul> nose1 & blui% br[n eyes4 ,! re/ are ( %ort] /ature1 ) long] features2 light1 bright eyes2 & l>ge1 irregul> nose4 ,! ,yezidis sometime %ave ! hair (f _! head1 leav+ only a long1 ?9 =elock4 ,,ii ,,fun]als ,if a "y or well-kn[n man dies1 !y make 9 8 lik5ess a wood5 =m & clo! x 9 ! dead man's clo!s4 ,!n ! musicians play m\rn+ tunes1 :ile ! relatives /& r\nd ! model4 ,aft] wail+ = a :ile1 !y walk 9 procession 9 a circle ar\nd ! =m1 & n[ & !n kneel d[n to receive a bless+ f x4 ,^? :o come to ! sc5e1 accord+ to _! cu/om1 ask ! p>5ts ( ! dead man1 8,:at h y80 ,!y reply1 8,we h ! w$d+ ( our son40 ,!y cont9ue wail+ = ?ree days4 ,aft]w>d !y di/ribute food on behalf ( ! dead4 ,= a ye> !y give a plate ( food ) a loaf ( bread daily to "s p]son1 ?9k+ t !reby !y are fe$+ _! own dead4 ,on ! sev5? & =tie? day f ! "t ( dea?1 !y visit ! grave to m\rn ov] _! lo/ "o4 ,n[1 if ! dead be a common man1 he is n honor$ ) su* a c]emony4 ,he is usually buri$ an h\r or two aft] 8 dea?4 ,! fun]al rites are simple4 ,! body ( ! ,yezidi1 l t ( a ,mohamm$an1 is wa%$ 9 runn+ wat]4 ,aft] be+ laid on a flat bo>d1 !y dress him ) 8 =m] clo!s1 close ! op5+s 9 8 body ) pieces ( cotton1 place ! sacr$ clay ( ei #8,adi 9 8 m\?1 on 8 face & =ehead1 "u 8 %\ld]s & eyes1 & on 8 /oma*4 ,?is done1 !y c>ry ! dead on ! bo>d to ! cemet]y4 ,! awwals1 burn+ inc5se1 lead ! procession2 ! imm$iate relatives1 especially ! wom51 foll[+1 dress$ 9 :ite & ?r[+ du/ ov] _! heads1 & accompani$ by male & female fri5ds & neighbors4 ,if ! dead be a man1 !y !n dance1 ! "m or ! wife hold+ 9 "o h& ! sword or %ield ( ! dead1 & 9 ! o!r1 long locks cut f h] own hair4 ,!y bury him ) 8 face turn$ t[>d ! nor? />4 ,ev]yone pres5t ?r[s a little du/ ov] ! grave :ile say+1 8,o man1 ?\ w]t du/ & ha/ return$ to du/ to-day40 ,!n ! ei says1 8,:5 we say1 #8,let u rise & g home1' !n ! dead man w say1 #8,i w n g home ) ! p4' ,& :5 he tries to get up1 8 head w /rike ! /one1 :5 he w say1 #8,o1 ,i am among ! dead4'0 ,:5 !y return home1 ! family slaught]s ox5 & %eep & gives meat to ! poor4 ,! poor kill f\r or five %eep2 ! ri*1 a hundr$4 ,! ko*aks prophesy ( ! dead1 :e!r he w return to ! e>? or w g to ano!r _w4 ,!y hold t "s w be et]nally condemn$1 b t all w sp5d an expiatory p]iod2 & t ! dead h communion ) ! liv+1 9 :i* ! good s\ls dwell+ 9 ! heav5s make revelations to _! bre?r5 on e>?4 ,,iii ,,nationality ,f\r diff]5t !ories h be5 advanc$ z to ! race to :i* ! ,yezidis belong4 ,!re are ^? :o ?9k !m to be ( ,indo-,european orig91 = !re is a type among !m t has a :ite sk91 a r\nd skull1 blue eyes & light hair4 ,& !re are ^? :o suppose !m to be ,arabs on ! gr\nd t ! color ( sk9 ( ano!r type is br[n1 _! eyes are wide1 _! lips are ?ick & _! hair is d>k4 ,! we/]n writ]s1 moreov]1 h 9 ! pa/ always tak5 !m = ,kurds because ( ! close resemblance ( ! two 9 appe>ance & mann]s4 ,9 8 8,la ,turquie d',asie10 ,vital ,cunet says t ?\gh ! ,yezidis h be5 tak5 = ,kurds1 !y c no long] be reg>d$ z su*1 = 9 _m ways !y resemble o!r nationalities4 ,on ! o!r h& ,hormuzd ,rassam1 9 8 8,as%ur & ! ,l& ( ,nimrud0 seems to agree ) ^? :o suppose !m to be ( ,assyrian orig94 ,he bases ?is inf]5ce on ! indep5d5t & m>tial _s :i* !y possess1 & _! t5d5cy to rebel aga9/ _! oppressors1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 may be tak5 z an indication ( ance/ral inh]itance4#afb ,,iv ,,locality ,! ,yezidis dwell pr9cipally 9 five di/ricts1 ! mo/ prom95t among ^! be+ t ( eian4 ,?is t]m is ! ,p]sian plural ( ei1 an old man2 & x signifies ! c\ntry :]e eis dwell4 ,?is di/rict lies nor!a/ ( ,mosul1 cov]+ a wide area 9 :i* are _m villages4 ,x is _! ,pale/9e4 ,9 x lies _! ,mecca1 ,lali%1 :]e _! sacr$ %r9e1 ! tomb ( ei #8,adi1 is4 ,lalih is ! c5tre ( _! national & religi\s life4 ,x is situat$ 9 a deep1 picturesque valley4 ,its slopes are cov]$ ) a d5se wood1 & at ! bottom ( x runs ! sacr$ wat]4 ,o!r notable places "h are ! two adjo9+ villages1 ,ba#8aia & ,baazanie1 at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 ( ,rabban ,hormuzd1 a six h\rs' ride f ,mosul4 ,! =m] is ! c5t] ( ! tombs ( _! eis2 ! latt] is _! pr9cipal burial place1 to :i* bodies are c>ri$ f all ! v>i\s di/ricts4 ,x 0 =m]ly a ,*ri/ian village ) a mona/]y4 ,& ,ba#8adrie1 nor!a/ ( ! ,city ( ,mosul1 ab\t t5 h\rs' ride away1 is ! village :]e _! amir resides4 ,x is close to ei #8,adi's4 ,next 9 importance is ,jabal ,s9j>4 ,! t]m 8,s9j>0 is ,p]sian1 mean+ a bird1 p]haps an eagle4 ,x signifies t its inhabitants are1 l ! eagle1 safe & _c be caught4#afc ,s9j> is ab\t ?ree days' j\rney f ,mosul4 ,x is a solit>y range1 fifty miles long & n9e miles broad1 ris+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! des]t4 ,f its summit1 ! eye ranges on "o side ov] ! va/ level wild]ness /ret*+ to ! ,euphrates1 & on ! o!r ov] ! pla9 b\nd$ by ! ,tigris & ! l(ty m\nta9s ( ,kurdi/an4 ,nisib9 & ,m>d9 are bo? visible 9 ! di/ance4 ,"o c see ! hills ( ,ba#8adrie & ei #8,adi4 ,among ! sacr$ places ( ?is di/rict are two villages3 ,ass(a1 :]e two zi>ahs are f\nd1 & di/+ui%$ f af> by _! :ite spires1 & ,ald9a1 :]e "o zi>ah exi/s4 ,9 almo/ e ,s9j> village1 !re is to be f\nd a cov]$ wat] :i* !y use z a =tress dur+ _! fights ) ! ,kurds or ) ! ,turki% army4 ,! devil-wor%ipp]s ( ?is locality are commonly call$ ,yezidis1 :ile ^? ( eian are kn[n bo? z ,yezidis & ,dawas5i4 ,ano!r di/rict is alitiyeh1 :i* includes all ! t]ritory nor? & nor!a/ ( ! ,tigris 9 ! prov9ce ( ,di>bek]4 ,! ,malliyeh region includes all ! t]ritory we/ ( ! ,euphrates & ,aleppo4 ,& ! ,s>ad> section includes ! ,caucasus 9 s\!rn ,russia4 ,"s reg>d ! ,lep*os ( ,india also z ,yezidis1 :o1 9 ! e>ly appe>ance ( ! sect1 w5t !re to proselyte ! ,h9doos4#afd ,v ,,dwell+s ,9 reg>d to _! dwell+s1 ! ,yezidis are divid$ into two classes3 ,ahl al-aar1 ! p ( ! villages or cultivat$ l&1 & ,ahl al ,wab>1 ! p ( ! t5ts4 ,! villages are built ( clay1 /one or mud1 & unburn$ brick4 ,a village consi/s ( ab\t sixty h\ses4 ,a h\se is divid$ into ?ree pr9cipal rooms1 op5+ "o into ano!r4 ,^! are sep>at$ by a wall ab\t six feet high1 ^u :i* are plac$ wood5 pill>s support+ ! ceil+4 ,! ro( re/s on trunks ( trees rais$ on rude /ones 9 ! c5tre *amb]1 :i* is op5 on "o side to ! air4 ,! sides ( ! room are honeycomb$ ) small recesses l pigeon-holes4 ,! :ole is pla/]$ ) :ite pla/]1 fancy designs 9 r$ be+ introduc$ "h & !re4 ,! h\ses are kept neat & clean4 ,!y say t cleanl9ess is next to heav54 ,n[1 ! p ( ! t5ts are1 l ! ,arab ,b$\9s1 nomadic1 hav+ no h\ses & no p]man5t place ( abode4 ,!y =m b a small portion ( ! ,yezidis1 & are call$ ,kot*>4 ,,vi ,,! ,,language ,! language ( ! ,yezidis1 9 common ) ! ,kurds1 is ,kurdi%1 :i* belongs to ! ,iranian gr\p ( ! ,indo-,european or ,indo-,g]manic /ock4 ,?is ,kurmanji possesses a numb] ( dialects n diff]+ mu* f "o ano!r1 except ! zaza dialect1 :i* is spok5 9 ea/]n ,mesopotamia by ! ,kurds1 call$ ,ali ,alla4 ,! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,kurmangi are ! great brevity ( its words & ! simplicity ( its grammatical =ms4 ,x is fairly ri* 9 v[els1 & ri*] 9 deep guttural s\nds4 ,?\gh ,kurdi% is ! g5]al language ( ! ,yezidis1 _! religi\s my/]ies are 9 ,arabic4 ,bo? languages are spok5 by ^? liv+ 9 ! ,s9j> hills & 9 eian4 ,,vii ,,occupation ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ,yezidis are an indu/ri\s p1 b !y d n engage 9 bus9ess4 ,?is is due to _! belief t any =m ( bus9ess leads to *eat+ & ly+1 & h5ce to curs+ ,melek-s1 i4 e41 ! devil4 ,_! usual occupation is agriculture & cattle-rais+4 ,! ,yezidis ( ,s9j>1 :o con/itute almo/ ! entire population1 raise fruit1 su* z figs & grapes2 also almonds & nuts4 ,jabal ,s9j> is fam\s = its figs4 ,^? :o live 9 ! ,russian t]ritory1 l ! sweep] class ( ,india1 are ma9ly engag$ 9 m5ial "w4 ,b ^? 9 ! di/ricts ( ,rewan & ,midyat are giv5 to h\sebreak+ & highway robb]y2 !y are ! t]ror ( ^? regions4 ,! ,yezidis seldom appe> 9 ! cities2 & :5 !y d !y conceal _! peculi>ities z mu* z possible1 = ! ,*ri/ians & ,mohamm$ans are wont to seek amusem5t at _! exp5se4 ,:5 !y f9d a ,yezidi 9 _! company1 !y draw a circle ab\t him on ! gr\nd1 f :i* he sup]/iti\sly believes he _c get out1 until "s "o breaks x4 ,!y annoy him by cry+ out1 ,na#8lat aitan1 i4 e41 ,satan be curs$4 ,moreov]1 city p keep alo( f ! habitations ( ^! despis$ devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,accord+ly ! ,yezidis h little int]c\rse ) _! neighbors4 ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,v #afb ,9 8 lett] to me1 ( date ,augu/ #f1 #aijg1 ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 ( ,m>d91 expresses ! op9ion t 8_m ( ! ,yezidis ar\nd ,s9j> might h come f ,indian /ock0 on ! gr\nd t 8!y are d>k] & m li! ?an ! ,kurds ar\nd !m40 #afc ,p4 ,ana/ase3 ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #hca4 #afd ,cf4 ,al-,marik1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #gcd4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,yezidi ,,tribes 7,! mat]ials 7 collect$ = me by ,a4 ,n4 ,&rus1 ( ,m>d97 ,,! ,,tribes ,,across ,,! ,,riv] ,,f ,,mosul #a ,! tribe nam$ eian lives 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,al-1 & has sixte5 villages4 ,!y are all "u ! ord]s ( ei #8,ali ,beg ,paa1 ! ,amir1 or *ief ( ! ,yezidis4 ,?is tribe c furni% #a1fjj guns = w>4 ,said #8,ali ,paa has receiv$ f ! ,turki% gov]nm5t ! ord] ( ,amir ul-,um>a 8! ,amir ( ,amirs40 ,he has a bro!r :o has receiv$ ! ord] ( ,miry ,miran1 8! ,amirs ( ,amirs40 ,he has a second bro!r :o has receiv$ ! ord] ( ,romeli ,begl> ,begi1 8! ,beg ( ,begs40 ,^! ?ree are all sons ( ! =m] ,amir ,huse9 ,beg4 #b ,! ,d5di tribe lives 9 ,dakoke di/rict4 ,x occupies fifte5 villages1 & c br+ #hjj guns to w>4 #c ,! ,h[>i tribe lives 9 ! region ( ,zao4 ,?is tribe is nomadic1 lives 9 t5ts1 & c furni% #bjj guns = w>4 ,x has two *iefs1 ,b$ri ,sohr & ,d> ,bazi use94 ,!y are all %eph]ds4 ,,! ,,tribes ,,at ,,s9j> ,,& ,,jezireh ,,di/ricts ,tribes4 ,t5ts4 ,villages4 ,guns4 ,population4 ,di/rict4 ,aldaghi #a #ajj #ejj ,s9j> ,bekura #a #ajj #ejj ,*alka #a #ajj #ejj ,dalka #a #ajj #ejj ,fakir #a #ajj #ejj ,gab>a #b #aej #fej ,haska #a #bjj #a1jjj ,hubaba #f #ijj #d1ejj ,jabri #a #ej #bej ,jovana #f #ejj #b1jjj ,kiran #b #fjj #c1jjj ,m5duka #b #cjj #a1ejj ,mihrka #b #bjj #a1jjj ,sumoka #f #a1bjj #f1jjj ,uleki #a #gj #cej --- --------- #cd #d1egj ,amoad #djj 444 #djj #b1jjj ,alo ,dunadi 444 #ae #hjj #d1hjj ,duhok ,havv]i #ajj 444 #ajj #ejj ,zao ,%ekan 444 #af #a1bjj #g1bjj ,alo ,ra%ukan #aej 444 #aej #gej ,jezireh ,samukie 444 #f #ejj #b1ejj ,midyat ,sohranie 444 #ae #cjj #a1ejj ----- --- --------- ------------ ,gr& total #fej #hf #h1jbj #db1jjj ,,! ,,tribes ,,( ,,midyat ,,region1 ,,usually ,,call$ ,,jabal ,,tor ,,al-#8,,ab$9 7,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,! ,,wor%ip]s7 ,?is region lies "o day's j\rney ea/ ( ,m>d94 ,!re are ?ree tribes "h4 #a ,! tribe ( emmike4 ,?is tribe inhabits six villages & c produce1 :5 ne$$1 #ejj guns4 #b ,! tribe call$ ,srani4 ,!re are fifte5 small villages to ?is tribe ) #cjj guns4 ,^! all h h\ses built ( /one1 & till ! gr\nd4 #c ,! tribe call$ ,mamila4 ,?is tribe has sev5 villages3 ,mazazah1 ,baj9ne1 ,ko*ano1 ,keunos1 ,taka1 ,h>obia1 & ,namirdani4 ,mr4 ,&rus writes me t he has le>n$ ( ?is tribe f z ,samuel1 a ,jacobite ,syrian prie/ ( ,mazazeh ne> ,midyat4 ,! tribe ( ,bereyeh1 nor?we/ ( ,jabal ,al-,tor4 ,!re 0 only "o tribe 9 ?is di/rict2 x 0 call$ altah4 ,?is tribe _h five villages3 ,rewan1 ,doo%ah1 ,selaar1 ,bimb>ik1 & ooln4 ,on acc\nt ( ! oppression ( ! gov]nm5t on ! "o h&1 & ( ! ,kurdi% tribes ar\nd !m on ! o!r1 ?is tribe has mov$ to ! ,s9j> ,m\nta9s4 ,! tribes ar\nd ,w]an ahr or ,goran ahr1 8! de/roy$ or ! sunk5 city10 because x 0 de/roy$ by e>?quake or 9 w>4 ,?is di/rict lies s\?we/ ( ,m>d94 #a ,! ,d5odi tribe4 ,?is is probably an (f%oot ( ! ,dahoke tribe ( ! same "n4 ,x occupies ?ree villages1 & has asan anjo = ! *ief4 ,he is n[ ! "r arm ( ,ibrahim ,paa ( ! amideyeh army4 ,! ?ree villages are ,salmi1 ,payamlo & ,desi4 #b ,! tribe call$ erin4 ,?is tribe has sev5 subdivisions3 a4 ,turnah lives 9 "o village call$ ,laulanji4 b4 upan occupies f\r villages3 7#a7 ,amazut4 7#b7 ,nuti4 7#c7 ,al-,aean4 7#d7 hda ,auman4 c4 ,beleki has six villages3 7#a7 ,sahda ,nasu4 7#b7 ,m\zan ei ,b]sef4 7#c7 ,m\zan ,auo4 7#d7 ,m5kuri ,m9et4 7#e7 ,al-aureyee4 7#f7 ,m5m5ik4 d4 ,adi has ?ree villages3 7#a7 ,tal arik4 7#b7 ,k>mi ,apo #8,alo ,reo4 7#c7 ,k>mi ,sim1 u1 ,kor ,kahiah4 ,sim means ho(2 u1 &2 kor1 bl9d2 kahiah1 head man4 e4 ,m>danah occupies two villages3 7#a7 ,hajj ,za94 7#b7 ara uzeye4 f4 ,malla a*> has "o village3 ,malla a*> means ! ,malla flees4 g4 ,maskan occupies two villages3 ,birj ,baluji4 h4 ,suan has "o village1 ,kaf> ,bali4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,p]secution ,! hi/ory ( ! ,yezidis1 l t ( ! ,jews1 has be5 "o ( p]secution4 ,! causes ( _! mis=tune h be5 7#a7 ! fact t !y are n reg>d$ z ! p ( ! ,book2 & ) su* ! ,mohamm$ans h no treaty1 no b9d+ oa?1 z !y d ) ! o!r non-,mohamm$an bodies4 ,= ?is reason !y h to make *oice betwe5 conv]sion & ! sword1 & x is unlawful ev5 to take taxes f !m4 ,consequ5tly !y mu/ accept ! fai? or be kill$4 7#b7 ,_! c]emonies h giv5 rise among _! neighbors to fables conf\nd+ _! practices ) ^? ( ! ,nuairi ( ,syria & ascrib+ to !m c]ta9 midnight orgies1 :i* obta9$ = !m ! "n ( *]a s&]a1 i4 e41 ! ext+ui%]s ( light4 7#c7 ,_! det]m9$ refusal to ent] ! milit>y s]vice4 ,! ,yezidis ) ! ,*ri/ians h be5 exempt f ! milit>y s]vice on ! g5]al law sanction$ by ! ,koran2 namely1 t none b true believ]s c s]ve 9 ! armies ( ! /ate4 ,b f "t to "t ! ,turki% gov]nm5t has endeavor$ to raise recruits = ! regul> troops among ! ,yezidis on ! gr\nd t1 be+ ( no recogniz$ infidel sect1 !y mu/ be includ$ l ! ,druses ( ,m\nt ,lebanon among ,mohamm$ans4 ,b !y h resi/$ ! ord]s1 alleg+ t _! religi\s law absolutely =bids !m to take ! oa? to :i* ! ,turki% soldi]s are weekly subject$1 to we> ! blue color & c]ta9 portions ( ! uni=m1 & to eat sev]al articles ( food t are (f]$ to ! troops4 ,h5ce !y h suff]$ sev]ely at ! h&s ( ! local au?orities4 ,"o ( ! mo/ cruel p]secutions :i* ! ,yezidis h suff]$ 0 t br\ght ^u !m 9 ! eian di/rict by ! fam\s ,beg ,rawm&uz 9 #ahcb1 :o _h unit$ mo/ ( ! ,kurdi% tribes ( ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s "u 8 comm&4 ,8 cry 0 to cru% ! hateful sect ( ! devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,! =ces ( #8,ali ,beg1 ! !n amir ( ! ,yezidis1 7 mu* inf]ior 9 numb] to ^? ( ! ,kurdi% ,beg4 ,! latt] 7#8,ali ,beg7 0 defeat$1 !re=e1 & fell into ! h&s ( 8 enemy1 :o put him to dea?4 ,! p ( eian fl$ to ,mosul4 ,x 0 9 ! spr+ & ! riv] _h ov]fl[$ & c>ri$ ! bridge away4 ,a few succe$$ 9 cross+1 b ! great] multitude ( m51 wom5 & *ildr5 7 left on ! opposite side & cr[d$ on tal #8,armus4 ,! ho/ile ,beg foll[$ & but*]$ !m indiscrim9ately1 %[+ no m]cy1 :ile ! p ( ,mosul 7 witness+ ! horrible massacre f ! o!r side ( ! /ream & he>+ ! cry ( ! un=tunate = _! help1 unwill+ to r5d] any assi/ance4 ,= ! ,*ri/ians 7 helpless & ,mohamm$ans rejoic$ to see ! devil-wor%ipp]s ext]m9at$4 ,f ?is cruel action ( ! ,beg ( ,rawm&uz1 ! m\nds ( ,n9eveh ga9$ ! "n 8,kuyunjik10 i4 e41 8! slaught] ( ! %eep40 ,soon aft] ?is ,suleiman ,paa ( ,bagdad s5t a l>ge army to ,s9j> "u ! comm& ( ,lutfee ,eff5di1 :o set fire to ! ,jabal ,s9j> & caus$ all ! inhabitants to flee4 ,!n afiz ,paa ( ,di>bek] attempt$ ! subjugation ( ! ,yezidis ( ,s9j>1 on ! gr\nd t !y 7 plund]]s4 ,aft] meet+ "s resi/ance1 he accompli%$ 8 purpose 9 #ahcg1 & appo9t$ a ,moslem to wat* ov] !m4 ,at ano!r "t ,mohamm$ ,raid ,pa%a ( ,mosul attack$ ,s9j>4 ,on bo? occasions !re 0 a massacre4 ,! ,yezidis took refuge 9 caves1 :]e !y 7 ei!r suffocat$ by smoke or kill$ by ! dis*>ge ( cannon4 ,& ?us ! population 0 r$uc$ by ?ree-f\r?s4 ,^! & o!r simil> inju/ices at ! h&s ( ! ,paz ( ,bagdad & ,mosul & ! ,kurdi% *iefs l$ ! ,yezidis f "t to "t to s5d a deputation to lay _! grievances be=e ! ag5ts ( ! ,european p[]s1 & !y h ev5 s5t commission]s to ! ,sultan4 ,!y f9ally succe$$ 9 enli/+ ! int]e/ ( ,"l ,/rat=d 9 #ahdg to obta9 at ,con/ant9ople a prop] recognition ( _! religion & exemption f milit>y s]vice4 ,b ! sev]e/ ( all p]secutions1 to :i* ,i 0 an eye-witness1 0 p]haps ! "o :i* ! ,yezidis ( bo? eian & ,s9j> suff]$ 9 #ahib at ! h&s ( ,f>i #8,om> ,paa1 ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ( ! ,turki% ,army4 ,?is ,f>i 0 s5t 9 ! summ] ( #ahib z a special commission] by ! ,sultan to accompli% c]ta9 def9ite ?+s 9 ! /ates ( ,mosul & ,bagdad3 to collect tw5ty ye>s' unpaid taxes2 to induce ! ,b$\9s to ex*ange _! nomadic life = village life2 to conv]t ! ,yezidis ( eian & ,jabal ,s9j> f _! idolatry to ! true fai?4 ,he 0 a h>% man 9 8 mann]s & me?ods4 ,he fir/ invit$ "s ( _! *iefs to ,mosul4 ,!y came & li/5$ to :at ! new ,paa _h to say4 ,!y met him :5 ,mijlis al-,ed>ah1 c\ncil ( ! /ate1 compos$ ( #8,olama & a few ,*ri/ians1 0 9 session4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ^! noblem5 he began to tell !m t if !y w\ld give up _! devil-wor%ip1 !y w\ld be rew>d$ ) high place & rank1 & w\ld please ! great ,allah4 ,b !y answ]$ n4 ,:5 ! ,f>i saw t 8 words fail$ to p]suade !m1 he began to apply ! weapon ( cruelty4 ,he ca/ !m into prison2 "s di$2 o!rs fl$2 & a few1 ?r\gh ! fe> ( torture & pa9ful dea?1 pron\nc$ al-ehdah#afe ) _! lips b n f _! he>ts4 ,!n he s5t an army to _! villages1 & comm&$ !m to *oose betwe5 ,islam & ! sword4 #8,om> ,beg1 8 son1 :o 0 comm&+ ! soldi]s1 direct$ !m to slaught] ! m51 & take captives ! pretty wom5 & girls & m>ry !m4 ,he slew ab\t five hundr$ m54 ,_m became ,moslems f fe>1 among ^! ,m]za ,beg1 _! civil *ief4 ,!n he plac$ mullas among !m to tea* ! *ildr5 ! ,muslim fai?1 & ord]$ ! newly conv]t$ ,yezidis to pray five times e day & to p]=m all ! religi\s rites4 ,to make !m cont9ue to be ,mohamm$ans1 he tore d[n _! %r9es1 especially ^? at ,bazanie & ,baaia4 ,su* ev5ts enc\rag$ ! ,kurds to come d[n & add great] cruelty to :at 0 already done4 ,b amir #8,ali ,beg1 _! *ief 9 civil & religi\s affairs1 aft] long imprisonm5t & torture1 did n *ange 8 religi\s belief4 ,t he might n be an example ( firmness to ! ,yezidis1 ! ,f>i bani%$ him ) soldi]s to ,katamuni1 a place ne> ,con/ant9ople4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ^! p]secutions1 ! numb] ( ! ,yezidis has be5 consid]ably decreas$4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury !re 7 #bej1jjj4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 7 #bjj1jjj4 ,!y are /ill decl9+ & rema9+ "u ! cl\ds ( misconception1 & are consequ5tly objects ( av]sion & hatr$4 ,b !y console !mselves ) ! idea t !y suff] 9 ! cause ( _! religi\s convictions4 ,,notes ,,on ,,*apt] ,,vii 7,footnote n ref]5c$ 9 text4 ,*]og sond]an is ,turki%2 sond]an is ! p>ticiple ( ! inf9itive ( to put out1 & *]ag1 lit]ally lamp1 is ! object ( sond]an4 ,9 ,turki% ! object prec$es ! v]b2 cf4 ,yani s>fi ,otamani 8! ,new ,turki% ,gramm>0 79 ! ,turki% language1 ed4 ,ahmad ,jaudat ,co41 ,con/ant9ople1 #acah ,a4 ,h471 p4 #gg47 #afe ,kalimatu1 -ehdah is z foll[s3 8,i te/ify t !re is no deity b ,god & t ,mohamm$ is apo/le ( ,god40 ,,bibliography ,,arabic ,a manuscript conta9+ ! ,sacr$ ,book ( ! ,yezidis & _! traditions4 ,two o!r manuscripts conta9+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,yezidis4 ,a-ahra/ani3 ,kitab ,al-,milal wa1 n-,nial 7ed4 ,wm4 ,eureton1 ,london1 ,,mdcccxliii1 vol4 #a1 p4 #aja seq74 ,yas9 ,al-atib ,al #8,om>i ,al-,mauili3 ,al ,d] al ,maknn fi-l-,mier ,al-,maiyat m9 ,al-ern1 8ei #8,adi40 ,mohamm$ ,al-#8,om>i ,mauili3 ,manhal-al-,uliya wa ,masrab ul ,asfiya1 8ei #8,adi40 ,ibn allikan3 ,wafaiyat-el-#8,aiyan 7,cairo ,a4 ,h4 #acaj1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahid71 vol4 #a1 p4 #caf4 ,fihri/3 ed4 ,flgel3 ,! ,religion ( auran1 p4 #aij seq4 ,yak\t3 ,lali4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #cgc4 ,abu-l-asim ,ibn ,haual3 ,kitab ,al-,masalik ,wal-,mamalik 7ed4 ,m4 ,j4 ,de ,goeje1 #ahgc1 ,leyd57 ,hakk>i1 p4 #add4 ,ani/ase3 ,al-,mari1 vol4 ,,ii4 ,tab>i on ,sabeans3 ,! ,six? ,session ( ! ,ori5tal ,congress4 ,leide1 #ahhc1 pp4 #cjj-cdj4 ,,syriac ,a manuscript conta9+ an ab/ract ab\t ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,yezidis4 ,,kurdi% ,yezidis ,songs & ,pray]s1 9 manuscript4 ,,turki% ,vital ,cunet3 ,translation ( ,la ,turquie d',asie1 ,con/ant9ople4 ,turki% ,read] 7,con/ant9ople1 ,a4 ,h4 #acah71 ,second ,"p1 p4 #bj seq4 ,,engli% ,g4 ,p4 ,badg]3 ,! ,ne/orians & ,_! ,rituals1 vol4 ,i4 ,lay>d3 ,n9eveh & ,its ,rema9s1 vol4 ,,ii4 ,lay>d3 ,n9eveh & ,babylon4 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