,transcrib]'s notes3    ,! text ( ?is   
e-book has be5 pres]v$ 9 its orig9al =m1
  includ+ inconsi/5t ar*aic spell+ &    
capitalisation1 & use  ( italics4    ,! 
cov] image ( ! book 0 creat$ by !       
transcrib] & is  plac$ 9 ! public doma94
            ,a      ,,treatise      ,,on
      ,,electricity3      ,,:]e9        
,its v>i\s phnom5a are acc\nt$ =1 & !   
cause ( ! attraction & gravitation (    
solids1    assign$4      ,,to ,,:i* ,,is
 ,,add$1      ,a %ort acc\nt1 h[ !      
electrical effluvia act    ^u ! animal  
frame1 & 9 :at disord]s    ! same may   
probably be appli$ ) success1    & 9 :at
 n4      ,by ,,francis ,,p5rose         
,surgeon at ,bice/]4      ,!y :o are    
univ]sally all[$ ! v greate/1 &    wise/
 ( m51 h be51 & /ill are1 int5t ^u    ! 
mak+ ( obs]vations1 & exp]im5ts3 &      
surely    t mu/ be 9 ord] to "s fur!r   
end4 ,^! w\ld    be va91 & :olely       
useless1 7 n "s reflections    made1 "s 
conclusions drawn1 "s !ory or hypo!sis  
rais$ f !m4      ,woodw>d's /ate (      

physick & ( diseases1 p4 #ee4           
,,ox=d1      ,pr9t$ at ! ,,!atre =      
,,sackville ,,p>k]1 ,booksell]    at    
,ox=d1 & ,w4 ,,ow51 at ,hom]'s ,head1   
,temple-,b>1    ,london4 ,,md ,,cc      
,,lii4            ,,on    ,,electricity4
      ,! _m surpris+ effects (          
electricity1 & ! great cures  p]=m$ by  
x1 "o w\ld imag9e1 %\ld awak5 ! att5tion
 ( all  philosoph]s & physicians2 b z ^!
 cures h be5 effect$ by  r&om exp]im5ts1
 e body has admir$1 b no body seems to h
  consid]$ h[1 or by :at means1 !y 7    
p]=m$4 ,:5ce    ,not)/&+ all ^! surpris+
 phnom5a1 f :i* _m  h ent]ta9$ hopes ( a
 great addition to ! heal+ art2 yet  n  
"o tol]able acc\nt has be5 giv51 h[1 or 
f :at cause1  ^! phnom5a proce$$2 except
 :at has be5 done by ,mr4 ,freke1       
surgeon to ,b>?olomew hospital2 ^:      
admirable piece %ews !  great p5etration
 ( its wor?y au?or1 ) :om ,i %all jo9 9 
?9k+ 8x may possibly be ! beg9n+ ( mu*  
good40    ,"o w\ld ?9k1 ?is sil5ce1 on s
 int]e/+ a subject1 9 ?is  enlight5$    

age1 c proce$ f no?+ b a prejudice 9    
fav\r  ( wrong pr9ciples ( philosophy3  
,t ?is is c]ta9ly ! ta/e (  ! pres5t    
age1 ,m4 ,freke seems v well conv9c$2 =1
 at ! end  ( 8 pamphlet1 he takes notice
 ( a %[-man1 :o1 8hav+ publi%$  "s      
exp]im5ts 9 electricity1 & he>+ t ,mr4  
,freke's piece  0 publi%+1 own'd1 he 0  
mu* affright5$1 because ( ! h>d  fate1 z
 he said1 ( 8 booksell]s2 b1 be=e he _h 
read two  pages1 he likewise own$ he _h 
recov]$ 8 spirits1 :5 he f\nd  ,mr4     
,freke pret5d$ to ?9k = himself1 & did n
 let ,sr4 ,isaac  ,newton ?9k = him40   
,n[1 if all p]sons w\ld take ! same     
fre$om ( ?9k+ =  !mselves1 z ,mr4 ,freke
 has done1 ,i d\bt n b we %\ld soon  be 
z mu* a%am$ ( m5tion+ ! attraction (    
gravitation1  & ! attraction ( cohesion 
c4 z we n[ are ( ! occult  qualities ( !
 anci5t philosoph]s2 & %\ld p]haps1 !n  
agree ) him1 :51 speak+ ( electricity1  
he says1 t 8x is a  subject :i* c1 ) m  
nobl5ess & dignity1 employ ! m9d (  man1
 ?an any he c ?9k (1 relat+ to !        

sublun>y "p ( !  _w4 ,= by x y may be   
acqua9t$ ) ! imm$iate (fic] (  ,god     
,almighty1 :i* he seems to s5d to all   
?+s liv+3 ,nay1 ?is  p[]1 7accord+ to 8 
conception17 seems to be ! cause1 "u    
,,him1 bo? ( life & dea?4 ,& :5 x may be
 m fully und]/ood1  x may af=d u means1 
:]eby we may be bett] enabl$ to reason  
m intelligibly1 ?an n[ we c1 conc]n+    
v>i\s op]ations 9  nature40 ,!re=e1     
,9 ! foll[+ essay1 ,i %all endeav\r to  
%ew1    ,i4 ,h[1 & f :5ce1 ?is          
electrical fire & =ce are produc$2  9   
do+ ( :i* ,i %all make "s obs]vations1 9
 ord] to %ew t  we may =m a m exact idea
 ( mo/ ( ! great op]ations ( t  complete
 ma*9e1 ! univ]se1 f electrical         
exp]im5ts1 ?an c  be atta9$ by any o!r  
means3 ,i %all also produce "s exp]im5ts
  :i* demon/rate1 t ! t]raque\s globe   
has no attraction2  nor a solid body1   
fall+ t[>ds ! e>?1 any gravitation2 aft]
  :i*1 ,i %all br+ o!r exp]im5ts to     
prove :at is ! cause (  solidity1 & by  
:at means bodies gravitate t[>ds ! e>?4 

,,ii4 ,h[ ?is electrical fire & =ce act 
^u ! animal frame1 &  9 :at disord]s !y 
are likely to be ( b5efit1 & 9 :at n4   
,i4 ,we are c]ta91 t ?is electrical fire
 is produc$1 ei!r f  ! glass globe1 or !
 air t surr\nds x4 ,z to ! glass globe1 
,mr4 ,freke has fully prov$ x _c proce$ 
f t2 8,because  no?+1 we "k (1 c s5d out
 ( x a quantity ( matt]1 b !re  mu/ be  
less ( t matt] rema9+1 aft] x has be5 s 
dis*>g$2  :]eas x _c be %ewn1 b t !     
glass globe1 aft] ev] s  _m times us+1  
rema9s z fit = ! same use1 z at fir/40  
,f  h5ce we ass]t1 t ?is fire mu/ proce$
 f ! surr\nd+ air  be+ act$ ^u by !     
glass globe2 & our inquiry mu/ be1 h[1 &
  by :at means1 fire is produc$ by !    
glass globe be+ made to act  ^u ! air by
 :i* inquiry we %all f9d1 t air1 light1 
&  fire are ( ! same sub/ance1 or       
ess5ce2 only diff]5tly  modifi$1 &      
appo9t$ = p]=m+ diff]5t actions3 t air  
7by  be+ divid$ or broke to pieces7     
produces light2 &1 if t action  is /ill 
encreas$1 x produces fire4 ,n[ z !      

greate/ friction  or attrition are      
necess>y to produce fire1 s fire1 :5 x  
is once  produc$1 hav+ receiv$ ! greate/
 =ce1 ( consequ5ce acts  ) ! greate/    
=ce2 & light1 ) a less2 s1 :]ev] !re is 
! greate/ quantity ( ^! small p>ticles (
 air1 7:i* we call  by ! "n ( fire7 9   
proportion to :at we call gross air1 !re
 !  action mu/ be ! greate/2 by :i*     
means ! said fire or light w  exp&      
itself1 'till1 by mix+ ) :at we call    
gross air1 x becomes  ( an uni=mity ) x4
 ,n[ !re=e1 z exp]im5ts are ! sure  way 
ei!r ( prov+ or disprov+ any hypo!sis2  
s1 to illu/rate  ?is1 ,i %all produce "s
 exp]im5ts bo? f ,mr4 ,freke1 & o!r     
au?ors ( unblemi%$ cr$it1 :i* prove t   
air is conv]tible  into light & fire1 & 
also t light & fire are conv]tible back 
aga9 into air2 & likewise1 z "s p>ts ( !
 air are pres5t 9  all places & ?+s1 t  
!re=e1 :5ev] a viol5t action ei!r  (    
solids or fluids is br\ght on1 !re      
light1 fire1 or heat1 are  produc$4     
,to prove ?is1 ,mr4 ,freke has br\ght1  

two v simple1 common1 b  good           
exp]im5ts--,fir/1 if y slide a wax      
?read1 or small rope1  ?r\gh y\r f+]s1 x
 w burn !m2 s likewise fire is produc$1 
by rubb+ two h>d bodies toge!r1 or two  
/icks2 or1 z is v  (t5 ! case1 a c>t or 
coa* :eel w take fire1 = want (  grease4
    ,ano!r no small pro( ( ?is1 is :at  
,mr4 ,freke has m5tion$1  viz4 t 9 ! ye>
 #agjc1 9 ! night ( ! great hurricane & 
high w9d1 9 ! /ronge/ "p ( ! tempe/1    
great quantities (  fire 7 se5 pass+    
swiftly ov] ! hills 9 ! neighb\rhood (  
,w>ham 9 ,dorset%ire4 ,! cause ( :i*    
fire seems v easily  acc\nt$ =1 accord+ 
to ! above !ory1 :i* might o!rwise      
p]haps1 elude ! se>*es ( our greate/    
philosoph]s3 = 9 ?is  phnom5on x is     
pla91 t ! attrition ( ! p>ticles ( ! air
  0 s great by ! motion ( ! w9d1 z to   
produce fire or light4  ,mr4 ,freke has 
"s o!r obs]vations1 :i* mu* /r5g!n !    
above !ory1 viz4 t 9 tempe/u\s wea!r1 at
 sea1 great flakes  ( fire are frequ5tly
 se5 pass+1 n only 9 ! air1 b on !      

wat]4 ,! l is also obs]v$1 9 ! night "t1
 :5 ! surface  ( ! wat] is di/urb$ ) !  
fea!r+ ( o>s1 or by a vessel  or boat   
pass+ swiftly ?r\gh x4 ,?is light or    
fire 9 /orms is  no new obs]vation2 =   
,mr4 ,boyle says1 x is common 9 /orms = 
! fire call$ ,hel5a1 ,ca/or1 & ,pollux1 
to hov] ab\t !  ma/s ( %ips4 ,&1 inde$1 
,to %ew t fire or heat are produc$ 9 any
 place1 or ?+1 :]e  !re is a suffici5t  
motion1 seems n to be v difficult2 =    
wat]  is ! opposite to fire2 & yet1 by  
mix+ wat] & _s ( w9e  sudd5ly toge!r1 a 
heat ensues2 & ?is w happ5 if !y h  be5 
sep>at$ ev] s (t52 b ?is heat vani%es   
aga9 aft] !y  are mix$1 or z soon z !   
motion ( _! p>ts ceases4 ,! l  w happ5  
by mix+ salt ( t>t> & wat]4 ,?is        
phnom5on seems  to proce$ f !           
disposition & texture ( ! salt2 ^: pores
  are made ( su* a prop] size1 t1 on    
receiv+ ! wat] by !  pressure ( !       
atmosph]e into !m1 ! texture ( ! salt   
may be  !reby brok51 & its p>ts put into
 motion2 :i* motion causes  an attrition

 ( ! air1 & s produces a s5sible heat4  
,bo]haave has ano!r obs]vation1 :i*     
seems to prove to a  demon/ration1 t    
fire or heat is caus$ by an attrition ( 
!  air2 :i* obs]vation ,i %all give 9 8 
own words4 8,a cannon ball1  %ot 9 !    
w9t] "t1 w fly #fjj feet 9 a m9ute ?r\gh
 ! cold  air1 :i* makes a great]        
resi/ance ?an any w9d1 ! mo/ rapid  (   
:i* only moves #bb-a_/b feet2 h5ce x    
appe>s h[ mu* friction  ! ball mu/ h    
und]gone 9 its passage1 :i* by ! way did
  n proce$ 9 a "r l9e1 b by its :irl+   
motion cont9ually  describes a cycloid )
 e po9t ( its body4 ,:5 x falls1  x is  
f\nd q hot2 not)/&+ 9 its :ole passage1 
x _h  cont9ually met ) cold air4 ,?is   
heat c\ld n h aris5 f  ! flam+ gunp[d]1 
:]eby x 0 explod$1 s9ce x only rema9$  9
 t flame1 an incr$ible small space ( "t1
 9 :i* x is by no  means cr$ible s solid
 a body %\ld h acquir$ su* a heat2 :i*  
is mu* m naturally acc\nt$ = f ! great  
attrition ( !  ball1 driv5 ) su* a      
velocity ?r\gh ! air1 & repell$ by a    

w9d1 :i* is above #bg times swift] ?an !
 /ronge/ w9d hi!rto  obs]v$40           
,bo]haave's ,*ym4 by ,%aw1 ,vol4 #a4    
pag4 #bdd4    ,i %all m5tion "o m       
exp]im5t f ,mr4 ,boyle1 :i* proves t    
air is n only conv]tible into light2 b t
 x may aft]w>ds  be =c$ ?r\gh glass1 &  
!reby ! same vacuum be made t  is by an 
air pump4 8,liquid phosphorus be+ put   
into a vial1 :5  x 0 dispos$ to %9e 9 ! 
d>k1 ! cavity ( ! vial above  ! liquor  
seem$ to be full ( :iti% fumes1 ?\gh at 
o!r times  transp>5t4 ,! vial1 :5 close 
/opp$1 0 n lum9\s 9 !  d>k1 b ! light or
 flame appe>$ z soon z x 0 expos$ to !  
air1 & ! vial 0 un/opp$2 & t ! occasion 
& propagation  ( ?is flame dep5d$ on !  
contact ( ! air1 appe>$1 s9ce  agitation
 w\ld n k9dle x1 b :5 ! bottle 0        
un/opp$1 !  k9dl$ flame w\ld gradually  
be propagat$ d[nw>ds2 ! flame always    
appe>$ mo/ vivid ! ne>] ! air1 & :5 x 0 
ext+ui%$1  x fir/ disappe>$ 9 ! bottom1 
& !n expir$ at ! top4 ,:5  ! ,vial 0    
un/opp$ = "s "t1 :5 x 0 /opp$ aga91 !   

air t _h leisurely ins9uat$ itself w\ld 
*]i% ! flame =  an h\r or two4 ,x 0     
obs]vable1 t :5 ! air _h be5 long  p5t  
up ) ?is %9+ liquor1 its resi/ance w\ld 
be s weak5$1  t :5 ! vial 0 un/opp$1 !  
ext]nal air w\ld pres5tly  ru% 9 )      
viol5ce1 f :5ce appe>s ! int]e/ ( ! air 
9  propagat+ ! %9+ ( ?is liquor4 ,!     
agitation be=e ! vial  0 un/opp$ w\ld n 
k9dle ! light2 yet :5 x 0 op5$1 x  w\ld 
be increas$ by x1 & ev5 :5 x 0 9 its    
dull /ate1 if  ,i p\r$ a little ( x ^u  
my h&1 & rubb$ x ) my f+]1  x w\ld      
pres5tly become vivid1 & emit /ore (    
lum9\s rays1 z  well z fumes v (f5sive  
to ! no/rils2 & :5 ,i ceas$ to  rub1 & !
 lum9\s quality 0 lo/1 x w\ld be r5ew$  
aga9 by  a repeat$ attrition2 b 9 a     
little "t its lucid virtue w\ld  decay10
 ,b\lton's ,epitome ( ,boyle's works1   
vol4 #b4 pag4 #bdf4 ,f  ^! exp]im5ts x  
may be obs]v$1 t ?is liquid phosphorus  
c\ld  n be made to emit light1 )\t a    
communication ) ! air1 n  ev5 by ! utmo/
 agitation2 ?\gh :5 x _h a free         

communication  ) ! air1 a small         
agitation greatly increas$ ! quantity & 
/r5g? ( ! light2 t1 :5ev] ! air 0       
admitt$ to jo9 x1  a viol5t inte/9e     
motion came on1 by :i* motion or        
attrition1 light  0 n only produc$1 b   
also a great deal ( ! liquid 0 c>ri$  (f
 by x2 :i* might be p]ceiv$ ei!r by !   
sight1 or smell4  ,& :5 ! vial _h be5   
long )\t a cork1 by :i* means x 0  fill$
 to ! utmo/ ) air1 ! light w\ld cont9ue 
a consid]able  "t aft] ! vial 0 /opp$4  
,we likewise f9d1 t1 aft] ! vial  has   
be5 /opp$ "s "t1 & ! liquor has act$ ^u 
! air z  mu* z x possibly c1 !re is n   
only a less quantity ( gross  air ?an   
!re 0 :5 ! vial 0 fir/ /opp$1 b t !re is
  ! same vacuum z is made by ! air pump2
 = z soon z ev] x  is un/opp$1 ! air    
presse? 9 ) viol5ce1 ! fluid above !    
phosphorus 7)9 ! vial7 be+ ( a m subtle 
nature ?an ! air  )\t4    ,?is exp]im5t 
seems suffici5tly to prove1 t air &     
light are  ( ! same ess5ce or sub/ance2 
= we are c]ta9 t gross air  ent]$ !     

vial1 &1 :5 x 0 fir/ /opp$1 ! quantity (
  gross air 0 ( an uni=mity ) ! air )\t 
! vial2 b at  its be+ op5$1 we are      
assur$1 !re 0 a less quantity ?an :5  x 
0 fir/ /opp$2 = ! air )\t presse? 9 ) ! 
same  viol5ce x does into ! exhau/$     
receiv] ( an air-pump2 by :i*  we may be
 assur$1 t "s p>ts ( ! air h pass$ !    
vial 9  =m ( light2 &1 z ! pores ( !    
glass are n big en\gh to  admit gross   
air to return1 ! consequ5ce mu/ be1 t   
!re is a  less quantity ( gross air 9 ! 
vial at ! op5+1 ?an !re 01  :5 x 0 fir/ 
/opp$4    ,fire & light are easily prov$
 to be disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ole air1  f !   
imm$iate action ( speculums2 & t air    
itself is ( !  same sub/ance ) fire     
seems v pla92 = z fire _c subsi/  )\t   
air1 7& 9 proportion to ! quantity ( air
 =c$ into !  fire1 9 su* proportion w be
 ! =ce ( ! fire27 s1 nei!r  c fire act b
 on ! outside ( bodies next ! air2 = ev5
 !  mo/ inflammable bodies c only cat*  
fire on _! out]mo/ surface  contigu\s to
 ! air2 & fire 9 action1 if imm]g$ 9 a  

body (  ! mo/ inflammable matt]1 s z to 
leave no light$ "p above su*  surface 9 
! air1 w be s f> f k9dl+ ! inflammable  
body1  t itself w be ext+ui%$4 ,?us 8if 
a flam+ brim/one mat*  be plung$ into ! 
highe/ rectifi$ _s ( w9e1 ! _s (  w9e w 
ext+ui% x z intirely1 z if dipp$ 9 cold 
wat]2 x  w also ext+ui% a live burn+    
sp>kl+ coal2 b 9 ! =m]  exp]im5t1 if !  
lea/ bit ( ! burn+ mat* rema9s above !  
_s ( w9e1 x w !n cat* fire1 & ! flame w 
pres5tly  spread ov] ! :ole surface40   
,?is is an exp]im5t ( ! great           
,bo]haave1 9 ! fir/ vol4 ( 8 *ymi/ry1 by
 ,%aw1 pag4 #caf4    ,all ^! exp]im5ts1 
,i ?9k1 prove to a c]ta9ty1 t air is    
conv]tible into light4 ,i %all n[ br+ "o
 exp]im5t1 f  ,bo]haave1 ,vol4 #a4 p4   
#iih4 :i* proves1 t fire or light may be
  *ang$ into air4    8,if a sph]ical    
glass vial be kept 9 a glass-h\se       
furnace1 till ready  to melt1 & !n be   
h]metically seal$ 9 t heat1 & suff]$ to 
cool2 if n[1 x be held inv]t$1 "u cold  
wat]1 & ! end ( !  neck be c>efully     

brok5 (f1 ! wat] w be viol5tly =c$ into 
x1 & fill ! glass1 b s z to leave a     
bubble ( true ela/ic  air at ! bottom40 
,! above exp]im5ts prove1 t1 :5ev] air  
is suffici5tly divid$  or brok5 to      
pieces1 light is produc$2 s t ! light or
 heat 9  electricity1 is no o!r ?an1 we 
f9d1 may be produc$ sev]al o!r  ways4 ,=
 ! air be+ viol5tly rubb$ or gr\nd to   
pieces betwe5  y\r h& & ! glass globe1  
:irl$ briskly ab\t1 ! air betwe5  y\r h&
 & ! globe is gr\nd s small z to be 9 ! 
=m (  light1 :i* is exp&$ or s5t (f f ! 
glass globe 9 ! same  mann] z light f a 
c&le1 or o!r lum9\s body2 :i* emission  
is cont9ually suppli$ by ! common air   
press+ 9 betwe5 ! rays  ( light1 emitt$ 
f ! glass ball4 ,t ?is is ! me?od1 by   
:i* x acts1 seems v cle>3 = y may n only
 he> ! hiss+  noise ( ! air press+ t[>ds
 ! globe1 b also pla9ly feel !  air )   
y\r h&1 ne> ! globe or tube4    ,! *ief 
reason 7& :at has be5 our great         
mis=tune7 t we  h n be5 able to discov] 
! cause ( electricity1 seems to  be !   

leav+ t philosophy1 :i* has be5 reveal$ 
to u1  & putt+ 9 its /ead !ories ( our  
own inv5tion4 ,=1 if  we _h consid]$ 7f 
! reveal$ acc\nt t is giv5 u (  !       
=mation ( light7 ! me?od ( its fir/     
production1 we  %\ld n be at su* a loss 
to acc\nt = t light 9 electricity1  z we
 hi!rto seem to h be52 = we are !re     
told1 t  ! heav5s1 or airs1 7 creat$ 9 a
 /ate ( d>kness1 or  inactivity2 & t !  
fir/ ?+ ,god did1 0 to cause a motion1  
or w9d among/ ! airs2 :i* motion 0 to   
cont9ue1 &  encrease1 till x produc$    
light2 &1 aft] ?is light 0  produc$1    
,god call$ x ,day1 or z x is express$ 9 
! orig9al1  tumultu\sness2 x be+ produc$
 f ! impetu\s or viol5t  motion ( !     
airs3 & ! d>kness he call$ night1 or1 z 
x  is likewise express$1 ! "t :5 ?is    
langui%es or decays2  = ! congeal+ or   
?ickn+ ( ! air1 by :i* d>kness is       
produc$1 is 9 proportion z ! =ce ( !    
light abates4    ,by all :i*1 ,i ?9k1 we
 may be assur$1 t ! light1 & all !      
phnom5a produc$ 9 electricity1 are caus$

 by a viol5t friction  or gr9d+ ( !     
gra9s ( air betwe5 ! glass globe & ! h&4
    ,to illu/rate & prove1 t ?is is !   
me?od by :i* !  electrical light is     
produc$1 ,i %all br+ "s exp]im5ts1 f    
,mr4 ,hauksbee1 :i*1 ,i imag9e1 w make x
 indisputable4 ,9 8  fir/ & second      
exp]im5ts1 he %ews u1 t by dropp+ m]cury
  on a glass 9 an exhau/$ receiv]1 !    
action ( ! m]cury  on t subtil fluid    
gives ! m]cury ! appe>ance ( fire2 b    
obs]ves1 t 9 all ^! exp]im5ts on m]cury1
 no light is to  be obta9$ )\t motion1 &
 t ! same motion :i* produc$  ?is light 
9 vacuo1 did n produce x1 :5 giv5 to    
m]curial  globules 9 op5 air4 ,?is      
exp]im5t %ews u1 t !re 0 a  l>g]        
quantity ( light 9 ! exhau/$ receiv] ?an
 :5 x 0  fill$ ) common air2 nay f>!r1 t
 ! subtil fluid conta9$  9 ! exhau/$    
receiv]1 0 light2 b1 = want ( motion1 0 
n p]ceptible by our s5ses2 b by s small 
a motion z t (  ! desc5d+ m]cury1 x 0   
pu%$ =w>d 9 ! same mann]1 z  light f a  
c&le1 or o!r lum9\s bodies4 ,we also    

f9d1 t  ! same exp]im5ts p]=m$ 9 an     
unexhau/$ receiv]1 w\ld n  produce !    
phnom5on ( light2 :i* "o might easily   
suppose to  be ! case4 ,= 9 ! exhau/$   
receiv]1 any ! lea/ motion1  t is       
suffici5t to pu% ?is subtil fluid       
7light7 f "o  place to ano!r mu/ give u 
! p]ception ( light2 b 9 !  unexhau/$   
receiv] ! motion or friction mu/ be     
great en\gh1  n only to pu% ! air f     
place to place1 b also to break  x s    
small1 z to be 9 =m ( light3 :i* he %ews
 u by 8  ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? exp]im5ts to
 be ! case2 = by ^!  exp]im5ts he       
produc$ light 9 an unexhau/$ receiv]2 b 
!n  ! motion or agitation 0 requir$ to  
be mu* great] ?an t  :i* produc$ light 9
 vacuo4 ,! diff]5ce ( ^! two lights  0 v
 consid]able1 & consi/$ p>ticul>ly 9    
?is1 t !  lum9\s p>ticles are di/9ct &  
sep>ate 9 ! exp]im5t  p]=m$ 9 ! op5 air2
 & unit$ & bl5d$ into "o  cont9u$ body (
 light1 9 ! o!r exp]im5ts 9 vacuo2 :i*  
diff]5ce proves to a demon/ration1 t !  
exhau/$ receiv] 0  full ( no?+ b light2 

=1 on %ak+ ! m]cury !re91 !  :ole body (
 ! receiv] seem$ to be "o cont9u$ body (
 light2  b on %ak+ ! m]cury ) ev] s     
great a viol5ce 9 ! common  air1 x seem$
 full only ( little1 bright1 tw9kl+     
sp>ks2  & n "o cont9u$ body1 z 9 vacuo4 
,=1 z ! appe>ance (  light is produc$ 9 
! common air1 by ! friction ( ! m]cury  
aga9/ ! glass receiv]1 break+ or gr9d+ !
 air to pieces  7:i* small p>ticles put 
on ! =m ( light7 s1 :5 ! common  air    
presses 9 betwe5 ^! small p>ticles1 !   
appe>ance mu/ be1  & _c be o!rwise ?an  
is %ewn by ^! exp]im5ts4    ,^! _m &    
v>i\s exp]im5ts abundantly prove1 t     
light is  produc$ z above describ$2 & n1
 z ! g5]ality ( p h  imag9$ 7f t mi/ak5 
notion ( action be+ p]=m$ by  solids & n
 by fluids7 t ?is electrical light      
proce$$  f ! glass globe1 emitt+1 :at !y
 call1 electrical effluvia1  :i* has be5
 %ewn be=e to be impossible2 because if 
any quantity  ( matt] s5ds (f "p ( its  
own body1 !re mu/ be less ( t  body     
rema9+1 ?an be=e ! above matt] 0 s5t (f1

 :i* we  f9d is n ! case ( ! glass      
globe2 & to prove t x does n1  ,i %all  
br+ "o exp]im5t m f ,mr4 ,hauksbee :i* w
 put x  beyond d\bt4    ,pag4 #bg4 he   
%ews u1 t by a viol5t attrition ( wooll5
  aga9/ wooll5 9 vacuo1 he produc$      
light1 z well z f  any h>d or electrical
 body2 b n s vivid1 nor 9 s l>ge a      
quantity4 ,n[1 z wooll5 is reckon$ by   
all to be a non-electrical  body1 x %ews
 u t ! light mu/ proce$ f ! attrition  (
 ! air1 & n f ! electrical body1 z has  
be5 falsely  imag9$4    ,z light may be 
produc$ by o!r me?ods ?an h be5 yet     
describ$1 z f rott5 wood1 fi%1 meat c4  
,i %all endeav\r  to give an acc\nt1 h[1
 & 9 :at mann]1 t light is produc$4     
,mr4 ,boyle 79 vol4 #b4 p4 #bcc4 ( !    
epitome by ,b\lton7 tells u1  t by putt+
 rott5 wood1 fi%1 fle% c4 9 ! receiv]  (
 an air-pump1 & !n extract+ ! gross air1
 !y all1 9 a  little "t1 lo/ _! %9+ or  
lum9\s quality2 b1 ^u  a re-admission ( 
air1 ?is lum9\s quality return$4 ,f :i* 
we may le>n1 t ! air is ess5tially      

necess>y to cont9ue  ?is light2 &1 (    
consequ5ce1 t ?is light is produc$ by  !
 action & re-action ( ! air on ! body1  
:i* cause an  inte/9e motion ( its p>ts2
 & !reby ! emission ( ! said  light2 =  
:5 any ?+ beg9s to f]m5t & putrify 7:i* 
_c  be p]=m$ 9 any place1 b :]e ! gross 
air is pres5t7 !  inte/9e motion ( its  
p>ts is !reby increas$2 :i* motion  act+
 ^u ! air press$ into x1 ! air is !reby 
gr\nd v  small1 & by ! cont9ual pressure
 ( ! atmosph]e is s5t out s  small1 z to
 be 9 =m ( light4--,9 ! common          
f]m5tation (  liquids1 :5 x rises to any
 height1 ^? p>ticles ( light be+  /opp$1
 & entangl$ by ! watry p>ts ( ! f]m5t+  
mass1  !reby produce heat2 & "s mixtures
 w produce light1 heat  & flame on      
f]m5tation2 z /eel1 wat]1 & sulphur4    
,by ^! exp]im5ts we h a cle> idea ( !   
means & me?od by  :i* f]m5tation is     
p]=m$1 :i* op]ation has be5 hi!rto      
un9telligible4 ,f h5ce we may likewise  
see ! reason :y1 9 an  air ei!r too hot 
or too cold1 f]m5tation _c be p]=m$2  = 

9 an air too cold1 ! pressure is too    
great1 & also !  gra9s ( air too l>ge to
 ent] & divide ! ?+ to be  f]m5t$2 by   
:i* means ! motion ( its p>ts requisite 
to  f]m5tation is prev5t$2 b 9 air t is 
too hot1 !re mu/  be j ! contr>y effect1
 = !re ! p>ts ( ! ?+ to be  f]m5t$ are s
 f> exp&$1 & ! air s r>ifi$1 z to  pass 
?r\gh ! body ) little or no ob/ruction1 
& ( consequ5ce  to produce little or no 
inte/9e motion ( its p>ts2 & t  !re is 9
 f]m5tations an inte/9e motion ( ! p>ts 
( a  f]m5t+ liquid1 is easily disc]nible
 by ! nak$ eye4 ,?is also  gives u !    
reason1 :y ! gl[-worm %9es only 9 !     
summ]  mon?s1 :5 ! air is greatly       
r>ifi$1 or divid$1 & !n  requires b a   
small motion to give x ! =m ( light4    
,! light proce$+ f diamonds c4 seems to 
be easily acc\nt$  = f ! motion ( !     
airs2 t !re is a p]petual motion  ( !   
airs1 may be prov$ by ! foll[+ exp]im5t4
 ,9 a /ill  place1 suppose a close d>k5$
 room1 illum9at$ only by "o small  hole 
9 ! w9d[ %utt]2 :]e1 if a p]son at re/  

views !  enlight5$ curr5t ( air         
sideways1 z x ext5ds along ! room1  he w
 p]ceive a surpris+ motion ( ! du/y     
atoms !re91  p]petually roll+ & toss+   
ab\t ) great rapidity4 ,?is  motion mu/ 
be v consid]able1 z x is p]petual1 &    
pu%$  on ) ! p[] ( gravity 9 ! air equal
 to a column ( wat]  #cc feet high4 ,by 
?is action on diamonds1 ^: pores are v  
small1 & ! bodies !mselves ( su* a make 
& h>dness1 z  t1 :5 ! air is press$ on  
!m ) s great a =ce z t  ( ! incumb5t    
atmosph]e1 ! air is broke exce$+ly      
small1  &1 by ! cont9uance ( ! pressure1
 is s5t (f f ! body  9 =m ( light4 ,we  
likewise f9d f exp]im5ts1 t :]e         
diamonds1 or o!r bodies ( t k9d1 h n _! 
outw>d p>ts  ( a prop] make1 or _!      
sub/ance ( a suffici5t h>dness or       
clos5ess ( p>ts1 to emit light ) no     
great] =ce1 ?an !  pressure ( !         
atmosph]e only1 !n ?is defici5cy may be 
suppli$  by rubb+2 by :i* means ! air is
 gr\nd to pieces1 & emitt$  9 =m (      
light1 z is %ewn 9 all electrical       

exp]im5ts4    ,"o great prop]ty ( light1
 or1 z x is commonly call$ !  electrical
 effluvia1 is 7z ,mr4 ,hauksbee has     
prov$ f _m  exp]im5ts17 t x passes ?r\gh
 glass1 z wat] does ?r\gh a  sieve1 or z
 if no body ( matt] int]pos$4 ,?is light
 ( itself1  :5 pure1 or simple1 hurts or
 de/roys no mat]ial bodies2  b :5 pu%$  
on by ! foll[+ air ) great viol5ce1  &  
meet+ ) a great resi/ance f an imp$+    
body1 !  conflict is s great1 t if !    
foll[+ air presses on )  suffici5t      
viol5ce1 x dissolves or de/roys !       
solidity  ( any mat]ial body4 ,z all    
bodies become solid accord+ to !        
temp]ature ( ! surr\nd+ air2 "s reta9+  
_! solidity  9 su* a degree ( heat1 z   
metals ( mo/ k9ds2 :il/ o!rs  require a 
p>ticul> degree ( cold be=e !y become   
solid1  z wat] c4 :i* :5 froze is z mu* 
a solid z any ?+  else--?is proves t !  
solidity ( bodies dep5ds on !           
temp]ature ( ! air1 z w be m fully prov$
 h]eaft]4    ,! glass globe1 ) !        
electrical exp]im5ts1 seems to give  a v

 cle> idea 9 :at mann] ! sun is         
support$1 h[  ?is t]raque\s globe & !   
re/ ( ! planets are made to  move1 &    
cont9u$ 9 motion2 & also1 :at is ! cause
 (  ! attraction ( ! sun1 e>?1 moon & ! 
re/ ( !  planets4    ,t ! sun is ! *ief1
 mat]ial1 rul+ ag5t1 is v cle>ly        
reveal$2 z are "s ( its *iefe/ actions  
on ! planets & !  re/ ( ! univ]se4 ,=1 9
 ! sun we f9d a p[] ( melt+1  divid+ &  
7) ! assi/ance ( ! air7 exp&+ & s5d+ out
  ! air1 fir/ 9 =m ( fire1 & aft]w>ds 9 
t ( light2  :i* p[] seems to be s       
regulat$1 z to be able to rea* !        
extremities ( ! univ]se1 :]e x is       
congeal$1 cond5s$1 &  return$ back aga9 
to ! sun1 to be aga9 melt$1 divid$1  &  
s5t out z be=e4 ,?is action seems to be 
repres5t$ by wat]  9 a /ill1 = !re !    
fire1 =c+ its way ?r\gh ! wat]  conta9$ 
9 ! /ill1 c>ries (f "s ( ! watry        
p>ticles )  x2 & :5 x has rea*$ ! head (
 ! /ill1 if x has no  passage into !    
outw>d air1 & ! action ( ! fire is n    
great  en\gh to break ! /ill1 x is by ! 

coldness ( ! surr\nd+  air 7or z is     
commonly ! case by ! coldness ( wat]    
plac$ !reon  = t purpose7 cond5s$ &     
return$ into ! wat] conta9$  9 ! body ( 
! /ill1 !re to be r>ifi$1 exp&$1 &  s5t 
(f 9 /eam1 z be=e4    ,we mu/ suppose ! 
/reams ( light to be always act+ on "o  
side ( ?is t]raque\s globe1 & !re       
divid+1 exp&+  & r>ify+ ! air2 !        
consequ5ce ( :i* mu/ be a k9d (  vacuum1
 :i* is imm$iately fill$ by ! press+ 9 (
 !  congeal$ air f ! extremities2 & z ! 
e>? is plac$ 9  ?is fluid ( airs1 we may
 z easily conceive t ! air press+  9 z  
above1 mu/1 ) x1 turn r\nd ! e>?1 9 !   
same mann]1  & ) z mu* ease1 z wat] does
 a common mill-:eel1 or ! air a         
w9d-mill4 ,by ^! p[]s also ! t]raque\s  
globe is kept solid  & entire2 =1 0 ?is 
=ce once tak5 (f1 x w\ld soon drop  to  
atoms1 not)/&+ ! pret5d$ attract+ p[] ( 
its  mat]ials4    ,to confirm :at is "h 
advanc$1 ,i %all br+ an exp]im5t 7:i*   
,mr4 ,boyle has laid d[n z a p>adox7 :i*
 proves t ?is  t]raque\s globe has no   

attraction1 nor any solid1 fall+ t[>ds  
x1 any gravitation2 b t all bodies are  
=c$ to x by !  incumb5t atmosph]e1 z mu*
 z wat] is =c$ up a pump by x  7!       
atmosph]e7 :i*1 till ! "t ( ! great ,mr4
 ,boyle1 0  imag9$ to be p]=m$ by1 :at  
!y call$1 ! suction ( !  pump4 ,b ?is is
 no m ?an has (t5 happ5$ 9 philosophy1  
:]e  :5 we _c well acc\nt = any ?+1 we  
put ! effect = !  cause4    ,mr4 ,boyle 
f\nd t a solid body1 z pond]\s z any yet
 kn[n1  ?\gh ne> ! top ( ! wat] x w\ld  
s9k by its own weight1  yet if x be     
plac$ at a great] dep? ?an tw5ty times  
its own  ?ickness1 x w n s9k1 if its    
desc5t be n assi/$ by !  weight ( !     
incumb5t wat]4 ,to prove ?is1 he gives u
 a curi\s  exp]im5t1 viz4 by keep+ (f ! 
pressure ( ! wat]1 f  ! top ( ! s9k+    
body1 & s9k+ x to a prop] dep?1  he     
f\nd1 t ! mo/ pond]\s body w\ld be buoy$
 up1 &  support$ by ! wat] only4 ,see ! 
#b;d vol4 ( ,b\lton's epitome1  pag4    
#cje4 ,?is exp]im5t %ews u beyond all   
contradiction1 t !  e>? has no p[] (    

attraction1 nor a desc5d+ body any p[]  
( gravitation2 = if x _h1 ! f>!r x 0    
sunk 9 ! wat]1  ! ne>] x mu/ be to !    
c5tre ( ! e>?1 & ( consequ5ce  !        
attraction mu/ be ! great]2 b ?is1 we   
f9d1 is contr>y  to exp]i5ce2 s t ! :ole
 p[] ( desc5d+ is impress$ ^u  x by !   
air1 or by o!r bodies =c$ ^u x by !     
incumb5t  air4 ,?is exp]im5t alone is m 
?an suffici5t to de/roy ! f9e  !ories ( 
attraction & gravitation2 x also %ews u 
h[1 &  by :at means1 two m>ble slabs1   
f9ely poli%$1 are :at !y call  attract$ 
to ea* o!r1 & require a great =ce to    
sep>ate !m2  a =ce 9 proportion to !    
bread? ( ! slabs2 b ?is has be5  %ewn by
 o!r exp]im5ts to be no?+ b ! pressure (
 !  air1 or atmosph]e2 = put !m into an 
air pump1 & extract !  gross air1 & !y w
 imm$iately sep>ate f ea* o!r4    ,"o   
reason1 :i* seems to h l$ u into !      
mi/ake t !  solidity1 or firmness (     
bodies is n caus$ by ! air1 has  be51 t1
 = ! g5]ality1 we consid] ! air1 or     
atmosph]e  z press+ only d[nw>ds2 = if  

we _h consid]$ t x  presse? equally e   
way1 z well z d[nw>ds1 7z ,bo]haave  9 8
 *ym4 by ,%aw1 vol4 #a4 p4 #chi4 has %ew
 by ! foll[+  exp]im5t7 ,i believe we   
%\ld n h ov]look$ t =ce1 or h  ?\ght x  
insuffici5t = ?is op]ation4 8,fill ?ree 
glass vessels1  ! "o ( a cyl9drical     
figure1 ! o!r conical1 ! ?ird belli$  ) 
a cyl9drical neck2 let ^! be fill$ to ! 
brim ) fair  wat]1 & cov]$ ) a s+le     
piece ( pap]1 s z to t\* !  surface ( ! 
wat]1 & by press+ x d[n ) ! h&1 prev5t  
! ext]nal air ins9uat+ betwe5 ! pap] & !
 wat]2 if !  glasses be n[ inv]t$1 :il/ 
! pap] rema9s close ) ! palm  ( ! h&1 & 
! h& be aft]w>ds g5tly )drawn1 ! wat]  w
 /ill rema9 9 ! glasses4 ,! same holds  
true1 ?\gh !  glasses be held           
horizontal1 or 9 any o!r position40 ,z !
 cause (  ! solidity or firmness (      
bodies is ! pressure ( ! air  or        
atmosph]e1 s likewise x mu/ dep5d on !  
make & size (  ! pores ( su* bodies2 =  
bodies ^: pores are smalle/1  mu/ be    
act$ ^u ) a great] p[] ?an ^? ^: pores  

are l>ge/1 or ^: pores are s l>ge z n   
only to admit  light1 b also common air 
into !m4 ,?is ,mr4 ,hauksbee proves by  
a curi\s exp]im5t1 = hav+ plac$ two     
brass hemisph]es1 ( #c-a_/b  in*es      
diamet]1 ^u ea* o!r1 & !n extract+ !    
gross air out  ( !m by ! air pump1 & by 
^! means tak+ (f ! resi/ance  ( ! common
 air t 0 )9 ! two brass hemisph]es1 he  
says1 x requir$ #adj p\nd weight to     
sep>ate !m2 ?is exp]im5t  ) t ( ! two   
m>ble slabs be=e m5tion$1 is a          
demon/ration  ( ! p[] t keeps solid     
bodies f fall+ to pieces4  ,& ev51 if ^!
 slabs are n s p]fectly smoo?1 yet !    
wet+  !m ) wat]1 :i* prev5ts ! gross air
 f ent]+1 w  produce ! l effect4 ,t     
solids exp& !mselves by heat or  fire1  
is prov$ by heat+ an iron rod 9 ! fire3 
9 :i* case1  x is always f\nd to be     
bigg] & long] :5 hot ?an cold2  & x 0 ! 
op9ion ( ,bo]haave1 t cold consolidates 
all  ^? t are call$ firm bodies2 t is1  
br+s t "p1 :i*  we call body 9 !m1 into 
a less compass ?an be=e1 & ?us  unites !

 matt] !re( m closely toge!r3 by :i*    
means !  cohesion ( ! :ole mass is      
usually increas$2 :i* makes :at we      
call1 /r5g? & firmness 9 bodies4        
,hav+ %ewn t solid bodies h no p[] ei!r 
( attraction  or gravitation1 & t _!    
firmness or solidity dep5ds on  !       
pressure ( ! atmosph]e2 ,i %all n[      
endeav\r to %ew1 f  electrical          
exp]im5ts1 h[1 & by :at means !y desc5d 
t[>ds  ! e>?4    ,:at is call$ !        
attraction ( ! e>? seems to be p]=m$  9 
! same mann] z t ( ! glass globe 9      
electricity2 !  expla9+ ( :i* w give u a
 cle> idea1 by :at means heavy  bodies  
are =c$ t[>ds ! t]raque\s globe4 ,9     
acc\nt+ =  ?is electrical attraction1   
,mr4 ,hauksbee seems to be v cle>2  =1  
says he1 8if by ! heat & r>efaction1    
consequ5t ^u !  attrition1 ! m$ium      
contigu\s to ! glass be made            
specifically  light]2 !n ( c\rse1 to    
keep up ! ballance1 ! remot] air1  :i*  
is d5s]1 mu/ press 9 t[>ds ! tube1 & s  
c>ry away 79  ! torr5t7 ! little bodies 

ly+ 9 its way1 ?i!r also4 ,!  v>i\s     
irregul>ities 9 ! excitation1 or !      
emission & dis*>ge  ( ! electrical matt]
 or light f ! tube 7:i* w be foll[$  )  
proportional irregul>ities1 9 ! motion &
 t5d5cy ( !  d5s] air1 t[>ds ! glass    
globe1 by ! hydro/atical laws7 may  be  
suffici5t to acc\nt = ! v>i\s unc]ta9   
motions ( !  little bodies c>ri$ t[>ds !
 glass globe40 ,?is acc\nt ( ,mr4       
,hauksbee's be+ s v cle>1 x is a little 
surpris+ t he  %\ld all[ ! p[] (        
attraction to matt]1 z 9 "s places he   
does2 = ?is is no m ?an 9 o!r words1    
tell+ u1 t !  air r\nd ! ball is divid$ 
& rubb$ or gr\nd to pieces by  !        
friction betwe5 ! glass globe & y\r h&1 
& !reby made  to exp& itself2 s ! air   
press+ 9 to make up t defici5cy1  =ces e
 ?+ t[>ds ! glass globe1 t by its numb] 
(  p>ticles is n able to )/& ! curr5t ( 
air1 press+  t[>ds ! globe4 ,s 9 l mann]
 ne> ! surface ( ! e>?1 !  sun-beams be+
 reflect$ by ! t]raque\s globe1 mu/ by  
^!  means be 9 a great] quantity ne> !  

surface ( ! e>?1 ?an at a  di/ance f x2 
& s divide1 exp& & r>ify ! air ne>  its 
surface1 :i* r>ifi$ or divid$ air is =c$
 (f f !  e>? on all sides1 by ! press+ 9
 ( ! air f above1 :i*  mu/ ( consequ5ce 
drive e ?+ be=e x1 t[>ds ! e>?4  ,by :i*
 we f9d1 t ! cause ( bodies desc5d+     
t[>ds !  e>?1 is n f any prop]ty ei!r ( 
! e>? or ( !  desc5d+ bodies2 b t ^! are
 =c$ t[>ds t1 by !  surr\nd+ air1 9 its 
said motion4    ,to prove t ?is is !    
me?od by :i*1 9 electricity1 bodies are 
=c$ t[>ds ! glass globe1 ,i %all br+ an 
exp]im5t or two f  ,mr4 ,hauksbee2 & z  
^! exp]im5ts prove to a c]ta9ty1 t  ?is 
is ! mann] ( ! attraction 9 electricity1
 x w give  u little room to d\bt1 b t ! 
attraction ( ! e>? is  p]=m$ 9 ! same   
mann]4    ,mr4 ,hauksbee obs]v$1 t !    
electrical effluvia 7 n only            
p]ceiveable by sight2 b also1 if ! h& 0 
held ne> ! tube1  seem$ to make su* sort
 ( /rokes ^u ! sk91 z a numb] ( f9e     
limb] hairs pu%+ aga9/ x might be       
suppos$ to d3 & 9 ord]  to f9d :e!r !   

electrical attraction 0 regul> & uni=m1 
he made ! foll[+ curi\s exp]im5t1 %ew+ t
 all bodies1 n  too heavy1 are =c$ 7or1 
z is commonly suppos$1 attract$7 to  a  
cyl9drical glass1 equally all r\nd1 if  
^! bodies are1 z !y  t]m x1 )9 ! sph]e (
 its activity4    ,?is exp]im5t seem$ to
 affect ,mr4 ,hauksbee s mu*1 t 7speak+ 
( electricity7 he says1 8x af=ds u a    
sort ( repres5tation (  ! great phnom5a 
( ! univ]se40 ,page #ec4    ,illu/ration
    8,=1 says he1 hav+ obs]v$ 79        
electricity7 t light bodies1  plac$ ne> 
any "p ( ! rubb$ cyl9d]1 seem$ to be    
equally  attract$1 ,i contriv$ a        
semicircle ( wire1 :i* ,i c\ld fa/5 at  
a con/ant di/ance1 mak+ x encompass !   
upp] semi-cyl9drical  surface ( ! glass1
 at #d or #e in*es di/ance4 ,?is wire _h
  sev]al pieces ( wooll5 ?reads fa/5$ to
 x at pretty ne> equal  di/ances4 ,!    
l5g? ( !m 0 su*1 t be+ ext5d$ 9 a       
direction t[>ds ! c5t] ( t imag9>y      
circle1 on ! surface  ( ! glass1 9 !    
plane ( :i* ! wire 0 plac$2 !y w\ld  !n 

rea* )9 an in* ( ! circumf]5ce ( t      
circle3 b  if left to _! own lib]ty1 !y 
hung 9 t p>allel portion  repres5t$1    
fig4 #a4 ,! cyl9d] 0 plac$ ) its axis   
p>allel to  ! horizon2 & 9 ?is po/ure1 x
 0 turn$ swiftly r\nd2 &  !n by ! rapid 
motion & agitation ( ! surr\nd+ air1 !  
?reads 7 plac$ into su* portions1 z are 
express$ fig4 #b4 viz4  !y 7 all lift$  
up & b5t upw>ds f ! axis ( ! cyl9d]4    
8,all ?is :ile1 !re 0 only ! swift      
motion ( ! cyl9d]  r\nd its axis1 )\t   
any attrition1 b n[ :5 ,i came to apply 
my h& to ! l[] "p ( ! glass 7s swiftly  
:irl$ ab\t7  & consequ5tly to add       
attrition to ! =m] motion2 ! ?reads     
pres5tly began to *ange _! direction1 & 
all h>moni\sly po9t$  to ! c5t] ( !     
circle1 9 ^: plane ! wire 0 plac$1 z  9 
fig4 #c4 nei!r 7 !y at all disord]$ or  
flung out ( t  position1 by ! w9d       
occasion$ by t viol5t motion 7b z if    
!re _h be5 no su* hurry ( air ab\t !m7  
!y /ill p]si/$  9 _! c5tral direction2  
,i f\nd ,i c\ld by %ift+ ! place (  !   

attrition hi!r or ?i!r1 draw ! ?reads   
t[>ds ?is or t  end ( ! cyl9d]2 b yet !y
 all /ill w5t uni=mly conv]g+  t[>ds "s 
c5t] 9 ! axis ( x2 s t !y =m$ !mselves  
into a sort ( conical surface4          
8,f>!r1 if ! wire ) its loose ?reads 0  
rev]t$1 s z to  encompass ! l[] "p ( !  
cyl9d] 7z be=e x did ! upp]  "p7 yet !  
effect /ill answ]$ ) ! same exactness4  
,= !  ?reads 7 all erect$ into s _m     
/rait l9es1 /ill direct+  !mselves t[>ds
 a c5t] 9 ! axis ( ! glass4    8,hi!rto 
! axis ( ! cyl9d] 0 plac$ horizontally2 
9 ! next  place ,i set x 9 a v]tical    
position1 s t x /ood p]p5dicul>  to !   
plane ( ! horizon2 9 :i* case ,i made   
use ( a wire hoop1  :i* 0 necess>y to be
 plac$ p>allel to ! horizon1 t x might  
encompass ! cyl9d]1 9 ! same mann] z !  
semicircul> wire did  be=e3 only "o     
small "p ( ?is wire 0 left op51 to make 
way  = ! t\* ( ! h&1 :i* 0 to give !    
attrition4 ,& !  wire be+ ?us plac$1 x 0
 evid5t t ! ?reads 7)\t "s  ext]nal =ce 
to support !m7 mu/ all flag & hang      

p]p5dicul>ly  d[nw>ds4 ,yet1 z soon z ! 
motion & attrition 7 giv51 !  ?reads    
pres5tly began to be ext5d$2 & z if !y 7
 become  /iff & h>d1 =m$ !mselves into  
an horizontal plane2 _! loose  ends     
po9t+ to a c5t] 9 ! axis ( ! glass1 z   
be=e4    8,& ?us 79 all sorts (         
positions :atsoev]1 bo? ( ! wire &  ( ! 
glass too7 7 ! ?reads act$ ^u by a sort 
( c5tripetal  =ce2 to ! laws ( :i* !y 7 
always con=mable40 ,see  ,hauksbee's    
exp]im5ts1 page #ec c4    ,x may be     
obs]v$ 9 ?is exp]im5t1 t ! attractive   
p[] (  bodies does n lie 9 solids1 z has
 be5 falsly imag9$1 nei!r  h su* bodies 
any c5tripetal or c5trifugal =ce2 b t   
?is p[] & =ce are giv5 !m f )\t4 ,=1 on 
plac+  ! wire ) ! ?reads r\nd ! cyl9d]1 
!y 7 all =c$  7or z x is (t5 call$1     
attract$7 t[>ds ! e>?2 b1 on  giv+ a    
viol5t motion to ! cyl9d]1 !y 7 drove f 
!  cyl9d]1 z if =c$ by a /rong w9d2 b1  
by apply+ ! h& to  ! glass cyl9d]1 !y 7 
recall$1 & all po9t$ to a c5t]  9 ! axis
 ( ! cyl9d]3 & ?is c5tral direction     

might be  alt]$ at any "t1 by only mov+ 
! h& to diff]5t p>ts (  ! cyl9d]2 !     
?reads always po9t+ to ! place :]e !    
attrition 0 made3 by :i* we f9d1 t !    
c5tral =ce1 bo?  ( ! cyl9d] & ! ?reads1 
are caus$ by ! attrition ( !  air betwe5
 y\r h& & ! cyl9d]2 :]eas1 at any o!r   
"t1  !y are q inactive3 s we are assur$ 
t ^! c5tral =ces  :i* h be5 imag9$ to be
 )9 ! solid1 are n !re1 b  9 ! air )\t  
x4    ,on putt+ some?+ betwe5 any ( !   
?reads & ! cyl9d]2 !n1  ^? ?reads w\ld  
return to _! fir/ & natural position1   
viz4  po9t t[>ds ! c5t] ( ! e>?4 ,s1 z  
,mr4 ,hauksbee obs]ves1  89 ^! small    
orbs ( matt] we h "s little resemblances
 ( !  gr& phnom5a ( ! univ]se40         
,ano!r ?+ obs]vable 01 8t by putt+ ^!   
?reads )9 a  glass1 :5 !y became ext5d$1
 ?is position ( ! ?reads w\ld be  alt]$ 
at any "t on ! approa* ( "o's h&1 f+]1  
or any o!r  body1 to ! surface ( !      
glass40 ,?is is suffici5t pro( t !      
light1 or z x is g5]ally call$1 !       
electrical effluvia pass  ?r\gh ! glass1

 ) z mu* ease z wat] does ?r\gh a sieve4
    ,"o ?+ :i* seem$ a little surpris+  
to ,mr4 ,hauksbee 01 t  ^u exhau/+ !    
gross air out ( ! tube or globe made use
 (  9 electricity1 :at he call$ ! p[] ( 
attraction1 w\ld cease2  b ^u suff]+ !  
air aga9 to ent]1 x return$ z vigor\s z 
be=e4 ,?is mu/ be ! case2 = 7z 0 be=e   
obs]v$7 :5ev]  ! gross air is extract$  
by an air pump1 ! fluid rema9+ is  no?+ 
b light4 ,s1 :5ev] ?is attrition is     
p]=m$ on an  exhau/$ globe 7= want ( !  
resi/ance ( ! gross air )91 to  =ce (f !
 p>ticles ( air gr\nd s small z light1 &
 !reby  to make an expansion or         
r>efaction r\nd ! glass globe1 :i*  has 
be5 %ewn to be ! cause ( light bodies   
be+ =c$ t[>ds  ! globe7 ^! p>ticles (   
light d imm$iately ent] ! globe on  "o  
side1 & =ce out ! same quantity on !    
o!r2 9 ! same  mann] z wat] ?r\gh a     
sieve1 )\t ev] mak+ any expansion or    
r>efaction4    ,hav+ ?us %ewn h[ & by   
:at means ! fire & light 9  electricity 
are produc$2 our next inquiry mu/ be1 :y

 "s bodies  communicate ?is light to ev]
 s great a di/ance1 & t  in/antane\sly2 
:il/ o!rs w n2 & also1 :y "s bodies are 
electrical & o!rs non-electrical4       
,electrical bodies are ^?1 ^: pores are 
s f9e1 z to admit  no?+ ?r\gh !m b      
light1 or air gr\nd to a prop] fitness2 
z metalls1 glass1 amb]1 wax c4 ,bodies  
non-electrical1 are  all ^?1 :i*1 by !  
l>g5ess ( _! pores1 admit1 n only  light
 b also gross air4    ,we see1 :5 ! air 
is gr\nd to pieces by an electrical     
ma*9e1  & put into suffici5t motion1 by 
! friction betwe5 ! glass  globe & ! h&1
 a wire be+ hung f ! iron b>rel1 s z v  
ne> to t\* ! ball1 "p ( ! light issu+ f 
! ball1  z above describ$1 ent]s ! wire1
 & is by x communicat$ to  ! iron b>rel1
 & f !nce c>ri$ by ano!r wire to any    
di/ance1 if n int]rupt$ by "s           
non-electrical body3 to ! end  ( :i*1 by
 a ?ird wire is hung an egg2 z soon z ! 
globe is put  9 motion1 & w>m _s ( w9e  
is plac$ s z to t\* ! egg1  ! _s ( w9e w
 imm$iately take fire f ! contact ( !   

egg4    ,x has be5 already prov$1 t :5 !
 globe is put 9 motion1 &  y\r h& is    
appli$ to x1 x gr9ds to pieces ! air    
betwe5 !  globe & ! h&1 & s r>efies &   
exp&s x1 & s5ds x  (f ) great =ce1 9 !  
same mann]1 z light is s5t f any  body (
 fire 9 action2 z may be se51 if !      
electrical ma*9e is  set at "w 9 ! d>k2 
:5 ! emission f ! glass globe w  appe>  
lucid4    ,! wires :i* are hung ov] !   
glass globe1 by ! smallness (  _! pores1
 admitt+ no?+ ?r\gh !m b light1 & light 
be+ a body s subtil1 z to p5etrate !    
pores ( all o!r  bodies1 ev5 to ! v c5t]
 ( ! e>?2 ! int]/ices ( !  wires are    
fill$ ) x f "o end to ! o!r4    ,z !    
light is "o cont9u$ body1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole
 ext5t (  ! wire1 ! =ce x receives at ! 
end next ! glass globe1 is  imm$iately1 
& at ! same in/ant ( "t1 communicat$ to 
!  o!r end1 let ! l5g? or ext5t ( ! wire
 be ev] s great4  ,z1 = example1 a pipe 
( any l5g?1 be+ fill$ ) any sort  (     
fluid1 z wat]2 if y =ce 9 m wat] at "o  
end1 ! same  mom5t1 & 9 ! same quantity1

 x w be =c$ out at ! o!r4    ,by ^!     
exp]im5ts 9 electricity1 we f9d t fire &
 light  are produc$ z has be5 be=e      
obs]v$1 only by break+ ! air  to pieces1
 & putt+ x 9 motion2 & t fire & light   
are  9 all bodies1 wat] & ice n except$2
 =1 if a piece ( ice is  hung at ! end (
 ! wire1 x w set fire to _s ( w9e1 z    
well z an egg4    ,! iron wire by !     
clos5ess ( its pores prev5ts !  surr\nd+
 air f ent]+ x1 & by t means at ! same  
"t  =ms a k9d ( canal = ! light to pass 
?r\gh4    ,hav+ ?us z ,i conceive1 giv5 
a tol]able cle> acc\nt1 &1 ,i  hope1 a  
true "o1 h[ & by :at means1 ! v>i\s     
phnom5a 9  electricity are produc$2 ,i  
suppose1 x w n be a v difficult  task1  
to =m a judgm5t1 :at disord]s electrical
 op]ations are  likely to be appli$ to1 
) hopes ( s]vice2 z also 9 :at o!rs  !y 
are likely to be detrim5tal4    ,z !    
heat & r$ness ( ! blood1 may be easily  
prov$1 to  be 9 proportion to ! quantity
 & motion ( ! light x  conta9s2 s1 :]ev]
 ! blood is heat$ to a great degree1 z 9

  fev]s1 ,inflammations ( all k9ds c4   
!re we are to expect !  wor/ & mo/      
p]nici\s consequ5ces1 f ! use (         
electricity4    ,b1 on ! contr>y1 z !   
n]ves h be5 prov$ to act by a  subtil   
fluid t passes ?r\gh !m1 & t !y1 by !   
clos5ess  ( _! pores1 w n admit a fluid 
to pass ?r\gh !m1 ^:  p>ticles are mu*  
l>g] ?an ^? ( light2 ! consequ5ces we   
mu/ (t5 expect f su* a make1 mu/ be     
ob/ructions2 & z !  light 9 electricity 
is =c$ ?r\gh our bodies & n]ves1 )      
great viol5ce1 x seems v reasonable to  
?9k1 t :]e ^!  ob/ructions are n too    
viol5t1 !re !y may be brok5 ?r\gh &     
remov$ by its p[]1 ( :i* we h _h _m     
in/ances1 especially  9 palsies4    ,?is
 is also confirm$ by ! success ( !      
pres5t practice (  physick2 =1 ! greate/
 relief1 9 ^! cases1 is always f\nd to  
proce$ f volatile & p5etrat+ m$ic9es4   
,b1 c>e %\ld  be tak51 n to adm9i/]     
electricity1 to a p]son ( weak &  decay$
 n]ves1 in/ead ( "o ^: n]ves are        
ob/ruct$4      ,,f9is4