,! ,camel & ! ,ne$le's ,eye ,spiritual ,p]fection ,a ,dialogue ,by ,?omas ,clune 7,ar?ur ,ponsonby7 ,fscap4 #hvo4 #as4 nett4 ,po/-free #as4 #b;d4 8,!re is s\nd reason+ & deep ?\ght 9 ?is book40--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 8,a ?\ghtful dialogue40--,! ,times4 8,no "o c read x )\t ga9+ a broad] outlook on ! tru?s ( religion40--,me?odi/ ,times4 8,_m ( ! religi\s problems & difficulties always cropp+ up are skilfully & e>ne/ly consid]$40--,ab]de5 ,j\rnal4 ,,london3 ,a4 ,c4 ,,fifield ,! ,camel & ! ,ne$le's ,eye ,by ,ar?ur ,ponsonby1 ,m4,p4 ,publi%$ ,decemb]1 #aiji ,repr9t$ ,janu>y1 #aiaj ,repr9t$ ,octob]1 #aiaj ,london ,a4 ,c4 ,fifield1 #ac ,clif=d's ,inn1 ,e4,c4 #aiaj ,,william ,,br5don ,,& ,,son1 ,,ltd4 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,plym\? ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,cont5ts ,preface ,*apt] ,i ,extreme pov]ty a consequ5ce ( extreme weal?--,pity or contempt = ! poor--,money ideal /rong among ! poor-- ,! diff]5t phases 9 mak+ a =tune--,! g5]al t5d5cy ( society--,relations betwe5 ri* & poor-- ,dis-sympa?y & class hatr$--,! social problem #aa ,*apt] ,,ii ,money z a supreme conc]n--,int5sity ( belief 9 money-- ,def9ition ( ,cont5tion--,! impulses :i* act z ! motive p[] ( money-mak+--,! limitation ( human capacities--,money & happ9ess--,money z responsibility--,! national weal? & welf>e #bg ,*apt] ,,iii ,def9ition ( ! limit--,^? ^: means are above ! limit--,income translat$ into t]ms ( subsi/5ce--,! case ( ! ri* man--,8 e/abli%m5ts--,8 s]vants-- ,8 luxuries--,extravagance--,vanity--,sport --,rac+-- ,ya*t+--,condemnation ( excess #dc ,*apt] ,,iv ,! ri* man's *>ities--,8 g5]osity--,8 hospitality-- ,8 l&--,! ,feudal ,sy/em--,8 responsibilities--,! agricultural problem #ga ,*apt] ,v ,! ri* man's *ildr5--,8 sons' education at s*ool & univ]sity--,8 daught]s--,love & m>riage--,ref9em5t ( ! ari/ocracy--,_! alliance ) ! plutocracy-- ,sm>t society--,its g5]al *>act]i/ics #he ,*apt] ,,vi ,! ri* man z a bus9ess man--,! conduct ( a successful bus9ess--,money-mak+ ! inc5tive--,money no measure ( m]it or wor? 9 m5--,or 9 works ( art--,f9anci]s-- ,! p[] ( money--,imp]ialism--,political p[]-- ,exp]im5ts ( millionaires--,gifts--,money adm9i/]$ by corporations or ! ,/ate #aja ,*apt] ,,vii ,! deceptive process ( ! gr[? ( ri*es--,! relaxation ( ef=t--,! love ( ease--,! p[] ( conv5tion-- ,! disadvantages ( abundance--,surfeit--,difficulties 9 a ri* man's life--,wa/e ( tal5t & capacity--,engl& z a nation deeply infect$ ) ! belief 9 money #aai ,*apt] ,,viii ,! problem ( ri*es--,necessity ( a sci5tific inve/igation into ! lives ( ! ri*--,int]dep5d5ce ( ri*es & pov]ty--,analysis ( exp5diture on h\ses1 s]vants1 clo!s1 food1 amusem5ts--,impressions ( a poor cr[d & a ri* cr[d--,trag$ies #aci ,*apt] ,,ix ,religion & money--,attitude ( cl]gy--,emphatic condemnation ( ri*es by ,*ri/--,notable texts & say+s--,want ( conviction--,importance atta*$ to dogmatic religion-- ,necessity = /rong] d5unciation #afc ,*apt] ,x ,results ( influ5ce ( money--,no motive 9 lives ( ! ri*--,money z our ma/]--,if money ideal c\ld be disc>d$--,possibility ( *ange ( ideal = all classes #agi ,preface ,my orig9al int5tion 0 to collect toge!r a numb] ( essays on "s ( ! mo/ important be>+s ( ! "q ( ! exp5diture ( ri*es4 ,aft] correspond+ ) ^? :om ,i _h invit$ to jo9 me 9 ?is und]tak+1 ,i became aw>e t 9 spite ( our sub/antial agreem5t on ma9 pr9ciples x w\ld be difficult to secure uni=mity 9 ! treatm5t ( ! !me1 & impossible to c>ry on any su/a9$ argum5t ?r\gh ! v>i$ contributions ( diff]5t p writ+ f diff]5t po9ts ( view4 ,accord+ly ,i came to ! conclusion t ,i mu/ r5\nce ! co-op]ation ( m5 well qualifi$ to speak1 ^: k & exp]i5ce w\ld h giv5 _! op9ions special weight1 & "w out my own argum5t unaid$4 ,_h ,i approa*$ ! subject f ! /&po9t ( a sci5tific economi/1 ,i %\ld h hesitat$ to ent] ^u su* a =midable task4 ,! m special k a man has1 ! m consci\s does he become ( ! impossibility ( deal+ adequately ) 8 subject4 ,b my object has be5 to write z "o kn[+ no m ?an o!rs :o take any int]e/ 9 human affairs & wat* ! play ( social =ces1 z "o :o is no spectator 9 ! combat he describes1 & :o1 be+ himself infect$ ) ! malady he is /udy+1 is p]haps ! bett] able to diagnose x4 ,i d n speak z a prea*] to 8 congregation1 z a tea*] to 8 pupils1 z a morali/ to 8 disciples1 or ev5 z a politician to 8 audi5ce1 b z "o man submitt+ 8 op9ion = :at x is wor? to ano!r4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i am compell$ by a deep conviction 9 ! tru? ( my argum5t :i* pass+ ye>s & ! c\rse ( ev5ts only s]ve to /r5g!n1 & if1 by ! brief sugge/ions conta9$ 9 ^! pages1 ,i c succe$ 9 induc+ anyone to exam9e m closely ?is bran* ( ! ,social ,problem1 :i* 9 my op9ion is too (t5 dismiss$ z negligible1 ,i %all be amply repaid4 ,my ?anks are due to ^? :o h k9dly assi/$ me 9 collect+ ! facts & figures 9 ,*apt] ,,viii & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! book1 & also to ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,hammond1 :o read ?r\gh ! ,,ms4 & made valuable criticisms & sugge/ions4 ,a4 ,p4 ,! ,camel & ! ,ne$le's ,eye ,*apt] ,i ,extreme pov]ty a consequ5ce ( extreme weal?--,pity or contempt = ! poor--,money ideal /rong among ! poor--,! diff]5t phases 9 mak+ a =tune--,! g5]al t5d5cy ( society--,relations betwe5 ri* & poor--,dis-sympa?y & class hatr$--,! social problem4 ,fr$]ick ! ,great's fa!r1 on ! occasion ( great c\rt fe/ivities us$ to lead 8 wife f ! brilliant sc5e ( gaiety to an adjo9+ *amb]1 :]e he made h] lie d[n = a few mom5ts 9 h] own c(f91 s z to give h] a %>p rem9d] ( ! vanity & transitory nature ( all human pleasure4 ,an ev5 m effective rem9d] = ^? :o 9 ,london sp5d _! money on a life ( pure self-indulg5ce w\ld be af=d$ by a walk at midnight along ! ,embankm5t f ,we/m9/] to ,wat]loo ,bridge4 ,no pre>rang$ /age managem5t is necess>y = ! sight !y are to see4 ,x is a long run1 e night & all night1 & has gone on ev] s9ce ! ,embankm5t 0 con/ruct$4 ,z !y pass along !y c see ! seats pack$ closely ) m5 & wom5 lean+ aga9/ "o ano!r 9 an exhau/$ or half-drunk5 slumb]4 ,!y c see ! ragg$ & fil?y bundles ( humanity ly+ r\nd ! p>apet at ! foot ( ,cleopatra's ,ne$le1 or ! r[s ( wret*$ c>icatures ( m5 & wom5 l9$ along ! wall "u ! %elt] ( ! bridges4 ,if !y g late en\gh1 !re is a /range sil5ce :i* at fir/ gives ! impression t ! place is des]t$4 ,b x only means t ^! waifs & /rays1 ^! wret*$ outca/s1 are enjoy+ ! few h\rs' reprieve giv5 ev5 to !m by ! bless$ oblivion ( sleep4 ,! moon %9es on !m f ov] ! riv]1 b no melodrama c reproduce t sc5e2 e/imates are drawn up ( _! numb]1 b no /ati/ics c give an adequate analysis2 books are writt5 on _! condition1 b no language c describe x4 ,a man :o sees ?is squalid ?rong = ! fir/ "t mu/ be deeply impress$1 b x /rikes ev5 m anyone :o sees x con/antly1 & he mu/ be less ?an human if he c pass )\t a poignant pang ( %ame4 ,b n9e out ( t5 ( ^? :o d pass along w tell y ^! wret*es only h !mselves to blame1 & x w\ld be bett] if !y c\ld be /[$ away some:]e out ( sight4 ,?is1 :i* is only "o ( _m simil> sc5es ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 is n describ$ by way ( pres5t+ a dramatic contra/1 b z an integral "p ( ! problem ( ri*es4 ,^! nocturnal spectres ( ! ,embankm5t & ! knots ( b$raggl$ />vel+s at ! workh\se gates are ! c\nt]p>t ( ! millionaire1 ! necess>y concomitant to balance & complete ! picture4 ,! %ameful wa/e ( money "o end produces a %ameful wa/e ( human life ! o!r end4 ,"o species ( p>asite on ! social body bre$s ano!r species ( p>asite4 ,!y are z mu* a "p ( ! tra9 ( a ri* man z 8 butl]s & gamekeep]s4 ,!y are ! natural1 ?\gh p]haps to him invisible1 consequ5ce ( 8 misappli$ & squ&]$ ?\s&s4 ,! ri* mu/ take _! full %>e ( ! responsibility1 because ! weal? repres5t$ by gr[+ incomes is be+ increas+ly ill-direct$ & wa/$1 & ! inevitable outcome is to aggravate ! problem ( unemploym5t1 to ext5d /ill fur!r mis]able conditions ( liv+1 & to nurture a neglect$ class devoid ( moral & physical /am9a1 :o fall out z incompet5ts & wa/rels 9 ! great /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,!re are "s :o compla9 ( any relief f ! ,/ate be+ giv5 to ! unemploy$ poor z only enc\rag+ _! cont9u$ exi/5ce2 b ! ma9t5ance ( ! unemploy$ ri* by ^? :o are in/rum5tal 9 produc+ ! national weal? is a f> grav] "q4 ,! unemploy$ paup] is a deplorable1 b 9 ea* case a solit>y & isolat$ outgr[? ( circum/ances too /rong = him to resi/4 ,:]eas ! unemploy$ capitali/ is1 on acc\nt ( 8 ri*es1 ! c5trifugal po9t ( a :ole set ( dynamic =ces ( ! grave/ consequ5ce4 ,!y radiate f him1 vibrate f> & wide into ! vital conc]ns ( o!rs1 & cont9ue to op]ate h>mfully s long z he attempts to manipulate 8 ri*es s+le-h&$4 ,he con/itutes1 !re=e1 a social dang]4 ,?is is no place to give a picture ( pov]ty4 ,x has be5 done (t5 en\gh ( late ye>s & ) fai?ful accuracy1 s t society has no excuse = ignor+ ! real /ate ( affairs1 ?\gh 9 _! /amp$e aft] money !y h little "t to give x a pass+ ?\ght4 ,to reflect ab\t x & speak ( x is to display fooli% pessimism2 to describe sc5es ( pov]ty is to be guilty ( s5tim5tality & bad ta/e4 ,& :at are ! prevail+ s5tim5ts ( ! fat p>asites t[>ds _! lean colleagues8 ,ei!r pity or contempt4 ,_! :ole fai? & all _! actions naturally bre$ contempt = pov]ty1 al?\gh !y make "s ef=t to conceal x4 ,x is q 9 consonance ) a belief t money makes p ref9$1 g5]\s1 dignifi$1 graci\s1 subjects ( rev]5ce & models = emulation1 & t ^? :o h no res\rces _c aspire to ^! notable qualities4 ,b _! pity1 :i* is ! ma9spr+ to _! s-call$ *>ity & is res]v$ m especially = ! de/itute1 is misplac$1 & w\ld be bett] appli$ to !mselves if only !y c\ld see ! true position !y fill 9 ! g5]al design ( human society4 8,ep>gnez aux pauvres votre piti10 says ,anatole ,france1 8ils n'en ont que faire4 ,p\rquoi la piti et non pas la ju/ice8 ,v\s tes en compte avec eux4 ,rglez le compte4 ,ce n'e/ pas une affaire de s5tim5t4 ,c'e/ une affaire conomique4 ,si ce que v\s leur donnez gracieusem5t e/ p\r prolong] leur pauvret et votre ri*esse1 ce don e/ inique et les l>mes que v\s y ml]ez ne le r5dront pas quitable4444 ,v\s faites l'aumne p\r ne pas re/itu]4 ,v\s donnez un peu p\r g>d] beauc\p et v\s v\s flicitez4 ,a9si le tyran de ,samos jeta son anneau la m]4 ,mais la ,nmsis des dieux ne reut po9t cette (fr&e4 ,un p*eur rapporta au tyran son anneau dans le v5tre d'un poisson4 ,et ,polycrate fut dp\ill de t\tes ses ri*esses40 ,toge!r ) ! pity !re is a lurk+ misgiv+ t !y d owe ! poor some?+1 s1 9 bl9d ignorance & 9 fe> ( ! full am\nt ( _! debt be+ dem&$ ( !m1 !y pay out driblets ei!r ) o/5tation & self-congratulation or else try+ almo/ pa!tically1 yet 9 va91 to pump into _! gifts "s ( ! s5tim5ts :i* !y conceive %\ld be associat$ ) pure *>ity4 ,z = ^? ^: incomes fall bel[ ! limit1 ! money ideal affects !m j z /rongly z x does ! ri* !mselves4 ,!re is m excuse because !re is a great] want ( education2 !re is m excuse also because1 kn[+ f _! own exp]i5ce t money c keep (f />vation & prev5t ! physical suff]+ produc$ by want1 & kn[+ also t m money means m com=ts & a wid] scope = activity1 !y fall naturally into ! error ( believ+ t e progressive increase 9 money br+s a proportionate increase 9 happ9ess4 ,! l>ge mass ^: incomes are ! wrong side ( ! limit are all ( !m 9 want 9 v>i\s degrees1 & _! desire = m money is !re=e legitimate & only to be expect$4 ,! want ( x !y "k by exp]i5ce means mis]y1 ! possession ( x !y conclude mu/ mean happ9ess4 ,b !y are seldom1 if ev]1 taught t !y c fru/rate _! own ends by p9n+ _! :ole fai? on purely mat]ial acquisition2 on ! contr>y1 ! g5]al op9ion r\nd !m leads !m to suppose t money %\ld rightly be ! sole aim & object ( _! ambitions4 ,! education1 if x c be call$ by t "n1 :i* !y receive f ! *eap press pres5ts !m ) invit+ pictures ( weal?1 ease1 & luxury4 ,!y read ( m5 :o h amass$ great =tunes1 ( incid5ts 9 ! c>e]s ( millionaires1 ( *>itable gifts be/[$ by ! munific5t ri*1 ( ! positions1 success1 titles1 & fame a*iev$ by m5 ?r\gh money4 ,_! eye falls on allur+ adv]tisem5ts = exp5sive goods4 ,!y are enc\rag$ to bet & gamble1 & to ent] absurd competitions made attractive by ! figures ( a l>ge sum ( money be+ pr9t$ 9 bold type at ! head ( ! newspap] column4 ,_! appetite is :ett$1 _! wants increase1 !y resolve to try & make m money by ! swifte/ means possible4 ,any ideal ( s]vice & any noble ambitions = a*ievem5t fade away1 & are disc>d$ z too labori\s & difficult & z requir+ too mu* ef=t & toil4 ,if !y h actually suff]$ 9 ! l[e/ dep?s1 if !y h ev] felt ! %>p p9* ( />vation1 ! m readily d !y accept ! doctr9e prea*$ to !m s l\dly & s p]si/5tly t to become ri* is n only ! highe/1 b ! mo/ practical & s5sible ambition = a man to set himself4 ,tantalis+ rew>ds lead a man on to hurry bl9dly along a pa? beset ) traps & sn>es4 ,on ! v>i\s /ages ( 8 j\rney he loses "s ( ! f9] qualities ) :i* he may h be5 orig9ally end[$1 b :i* he f9ds imp$im5ts & encumbrances 9 8 progress t[>ds ! invit+ b illusive goal4 ,"h he drops caution1 !re self-respect1 "h consid]ation = o!rs mu/ be sacrific$2 !re1 aga91 scrupul\sness & ev5 hone/y mu/ be ca/ aside4 ,! man :o 8rises10 :o 8makes 8 pile10 :o 8succe$s10 goes up ! ladd] ( weal?1 ! rungs ( :i* are vanity & applause1 mi/ak+ x = ! ladd] ( life1 ! rungs ( :i* are s]vice1 sacrifice1 & resolution4 ,!re are bags ( gold at ! top )9 sight2 x matt]s n t "s ( ! rungs are dang]\sly weak4 ,o!rs h rea*$ ! top or ne> x1 :y %\ld n he8 ,e /ep =w>d is m>k$ by outw>d signs & *anges4 ,! cottage ) its simple adornm5ts is ex*ang$ = ! villa ) its walnut suites & art knickknacks2 ?is is foll[$ by a l>g] deta*$ villa :i* requires sev]al s]vants2 ! dogc>t & groom-g>d5] are soon trans=m$ into a motor-c> & *auffeur2 ! male s]vant ) liv]y adds ! necess>y importance2 ! butl] becomes indisp5sable = ! t[n resid5ce1 ) a c\ntry seat z well = %oot+ & ent]ta9m5t2 & s on1 m & m display until ! ultimate goal is rea*$1 )1 /range to say1 no real satisfaction or cont5tm5t4 ,new fri5ds are made on ! road & old fri5ds are dropp$4 ,ea* advance signifies a fre% endeav\r to live 9 ! same /yle z ^? on ! next high] level1 ) :om x becomes a duty to associate4 ,mean:ile ! man's p[]s ( dige/ion & ^? ( 8 family d n increase1 nor does _! m5tal equipm5t4 ,ev5 8 capacity = enjoym5t he f9ds has its limits & appe>s to become fur!r re/rict$4 ,b he kn[s he w be judg$1 ev5 z he has judg$ o!rs1 by ! quantity & quality ( 8 worldly possessions1 & he foll[s ob$i5tly ! model & example ! ri* h set up4 ,!re are "s :o see ! empt9ess ( ?is c\rse2 !re are "s :o h ! "* n to desire to alt] ! way ( liv+ to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$2 b are !re any :o w\ld condemn ! accumulation ( ri*es & resi/ ! incessant temptations t are put 9 _! way ( mak+ m8 ,:5 ! poor man1 ) a b>e liv+ wage1 fails to keep a dec5t home1 dr9ks1 or sp5ds 8 money fooli%ly1 he is ru?lessly condemn$ z ?riftless & intemp]ate4 ,b :o is sett+ him ! example ( ?rift & ab/emi\sness8 ,anyh[1 n ! ri* man1 to :om ! v words are mean+less4 ,if he drops out f incompet5ce1 f weakness1 or f vici\sness1 if de/itution becomes 8 lot1 8 nature becomes crippl$1 8 "* w>p$1 8 m9d embitt]$1 & he f9ds himself dragg$ d[n l[] /ill & trodd5 "u by 8 fell[-m5 9 _! ?\ghtless & brutal /amp$e = lucre4 ,truly1 8! de/ruction ( ! poor is _! pov]ty40 ,! g5]al pressure ( ! multitude is d[nw>d & de/ructive1 n because !re is any inh]5t depravity 9 _! nature1 ei!r individually or collectively1 b because ( ! n>r[ conf9es ( ! c\rse into :i* !y are driv5 & because ( ! oppression to :i* !y are subject$4 ,!re is no "t to /op1 pick up1 & %ield ^? :o h />t$ on ! j\rney ) ! hide\s h&icap ( disease & incompet5ce creat$ by degrad$ & disgraceful homes2 ^! un=tunates mu/ g to ! wall1 because ! pot5tial en]gy & pressure ( society is n conc5trat$ on ! uplift+ ( ! feeble & ! recov]y ( ! outca/s1 b on ! ru% =w>d ) ! ri* 9 ! =efront z lead]s--a desp]ate ru% t[>ds "s s$uctive dream ( prosp]ity1 "s purely selfi% satisfaction ( animal appetites & mat]ial pleasures4 ,! sl[ & (t5 disc\rag+ exp$i5ts ( relief1 re/oration1 & help are pass$ ov] :5 success1 conque/1 & triumph are 9 sight4 ,a plutocracy may n ev] actually gov]n ! c\ntry2 a great] calamity c\ld h>dly be conceiv$1 b ! ri* are1 nev]!less1 our lead]s1 & e ri* man is sett+ up a patt]n :i*1 )\t 8 be+ aw>e ( x1 p]haps hundr$s ( ?\s&s are anxi\s to copy4 ,! poor admire & l ! ri*1 & ! ri* "k x4 ,9 _! humility1 & sometimes envy1 !y wat* !m ) awe z be+s ( ano!r & m glori\s _w4 ,!y read ( !m 9 _! novelettes2 an atmosph]e ( spl5d\r & romance surr\nds !m4 ,!y see !m 9 _! brilliant sett+s1 !y he> ( _! great do+s1 !y "k ( ! magnific5ce ( _! e/abli%m5ts1 & z ! *asm betwe5 !m is /ill unbridg$1 !y are spellb\nd by ! fasc9ation :i* only ! my/]i\s & ! unkn[able c give4 ,!y see no connection :atsoev] betwe5 ! position ( ! ri* & _! own1 nor d ! ri* !mselves ackn[l$ge t !re is any4 ,! ignorance ( ! ri* ab\t ! poor is pr(\nd1 b x is no?+ to ! ignorance ( ! poor ab\t ! ri*4 ,! *asm betwe5 ! two is nev] spann$4 ,^? :o live ) ! ri* approve _! me?ods & are bl9d to sights !y d n want to see4 ,!y are he$less & unconsci\s ( ! _w ( toil & privation1 or only appreh5d x occasionally :5 a begg> or tramp someh[ manages to evade be+ tuck$ away out ( sight & ?ru/s himself be=e _! unwill+ gaze4 ,ev5 !n !y become accu/om$ to ! sight ( ^! un=tunates1 ^: exi/5ce !y believe is due to ! bad managem5t ( public au?orities4 ,& ^? :o /udy ! f> side ( ! *asm are s mu* preoccupi$ & agha/ at ! tangl$ confusion t confronts !m t !y only h "t to ca/ a glance ( contempt at ! self-indulg5ce & luxuri\s liv+ :i* seems too di/ant to be real1 too ridicul\s & wick$ to be q true1 & !y refuse to reg>d x s]i\sly z a compon5t "p ( ! v>i\s enigmas !y are attempt+ to solve4 ,ev5 economi/s1 :o are occupi$ ) diss]tations & discussions on production1 consumption1 & di/ribution1 seldom turn _! att5tion s]i\sly to ! moral impulses t cause1 & ! fa%ions & habits t control1 ! great accumulations ( capital & ! appall+ wa/e :i* results4 ,a writ]1 describ+ ! /ate ( ! c\ntry 9 #ahea1a decl>$ t ! great social evil ( ! "t 0 8! sep>ation betwe5 ! ri* & poor1 ! dis-sympa?y ( classes1 ! mutual disgu/ :i* appe>s to ?reat5 "s sort ( viol5t revolution 9 society at no v di/ant p]iod40 ,b :5 he goes on to describe :at he consid]s to be ! desirable relation%ip1 he says1 8,:at "o wants to see is a k9d & cordial condesc5sion on ! "o side1 & an equally cordial b /ill respectful devot$ness on ! o!r40 ,luckily !re are n[ _m m p ?an !re 7 at t date :o "k ?is to be z ridicul\s z x is impossible4 ,b !re are /ill1 un=tunately1 a good _m ^: ideas ?is s+ul>ly nave op9ion fai?fully repres5ts4 ,?is 8dis-sympa?y0 w am\nt to some?+ v mu* m l class hatr$ :5ev] ! poor beg9 to op5 _! eyes4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t antagonism betwe5 classes is produc$ by ! inflammatory spee*es & writ+s ( agitators4 ,! masses h]d$ into our t[ns to become mis]ably poor1 unemploy$ & unemployable1 rapidly lose all self-respect1 & are too mu* /upefi$ & ev5 brutalis$ by _! condition to be alive to ! inju/ice ( our social sy/em or to seek to attack ^? :om !y suspect are responsible4 ,!y are dumb1 c[$1 & easily driv54 8,sweat ! poor10 says an anonym\s writ] 9 #ahib1 infuriat$ by ! inju/ice ( ?+s1 8sweat ! poor & gr9d _! faces & accumulate weal?--only let u h no cant ab\t x40#b ,x is ! ri* z a class :o1 by _! mann] ( life1 by _! refusal to und]take mo/ ( ! pat5t responsibilities ( citiz5%ip1 by _! squ&]+ ( ! national capital1 & by _! det]m9ation to suck up f ! lab\r ( o!rs suffici5t to all[ !m to live 9 idl5ess !mselves1 x is !y t help to f9d ! fuel = ! flame ( class hatr$1 a flame :i* "o day may bur/ out into a mighty conflagration4 ,a ,canadian j\rnali/1 writ+ on 8 rec5t visit to ?is c\ntry1 has decl>$ t x 0 n 8! /atesm5 or pro-consuls or h]oes or s*ol>s0 or our great hi/oric in/itutions t left ! mo/ abid+ memories4 8,frankly1 ! ?+ t impress$ me mo/1 ! ?+ t /&s out z ! backgr\nd ( e rem9isc5ce1 0 ! bloodless1 mir?less1 hopeless face ( ! common cr[d 444 ! social problem ev]y:]e is appall+1 almo/ to ! po9t ( despair4 ,:]ev] we w5t x =c$ itself ^u u4 ,! lea/ dang]\s aspect ( x 0 t holl[-ey$ procession ( ! homeless ( ,london kept mov+ along ! pavem5ts by ! police 9 ! e>ly dawn wait+ = ! op5+ ( ! s\p kit*5s40#c ,& he speaks 9 ! same way ( ,%effield1 ,man*e/]1 ,glasg[1 & ,ed9burgh4 ,! la/ hundr$ ye>s w be memorable z an era ( almo/ miracul\s advance 9 all t conc]ns mat]ial progress4 ,& yet we h to admit1 z ! ,report ( ! ,poor ,law ,commission %[s1 t s f> z paup]ism & de/itution are conc]n$ our attempts at cure & prev5tion h completely fail$4 ,"h aga9 we f9d ! same fons et origo malorum4 ,e /ep =w>d 9 me?ods ( production1 9 new inv5tions & improv$ ma*9]y1 is a tangible mat]ial ga9 = "s "o4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! paup]1 be he vet]an1 invalid1 incompet5t1 or *ild1 !re is no?+ t c be trans=m$ into imm$iate pr(it4 ,!re is no money 9 x4 ,!re=e x has be5 impossible to r\se ! public sympa?y & int]e/4 ,=tunately _m are n[ beg9n+ to see t ! prev5tion ( neglect & wa/e 9 human life means weal? to ! nation t _c be e/imat$ 9 sums ( money4 ,! problem ( social reorganisation is "o ( ! greate/ complexity4 ,dr9k & slum dwell+s d\btless aggravate ! evil & make bad worse4 ,! l& & our sy/em ( indu/rial organisation are ! regulat+ =ces t drive our population into ^! hide\s social conditions4 ,b x is "t we trac$ back ^! =ces to _! s\rce & exam9$ _! orig94 ,:at is x t induces a great p to arrange _! society on ?is uneconomic1 wa/eful1 & life-de/roy+ model8 ,:at common impulses inspire ! class t is 9 au?ority & comm& to support & ma9ta9 su* a sy/em8 ,put on "o side tyranny1 rapacity1 gre$1 & covet\sness1 :i* are vices t no "o wants to def5d4 ,:at is at ! back ( ?is ?ir/ = huge pr(its & high divid5ds1 ?is capture ( ! l&1 ?is amass+ ( great possessions1 ?is passion = pleasure1 ?is love ( p[] & patronage1 ?is respect = weal?1 ?is subs]vi5ce to ri*es8 ,lurk+ 9 ! spr+ head1 f> away f ! broad riv]1 we %all f9d ! poison t is pollut+ ! wat]s--our dev\r+1 inde/ructible1 ov]p[]+ belief 9 money4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,money z a supreme conc]n--,int5sity ( belief 9 money--,def9ition ( ,cont5tion--,! impulses :i* act z ! motive p[] ( money-mak+--,! limitation ( human capacities--,money & happ9ess--,money z responsibility--,! national weal? & welf>e4 ,religion is said to be "o ( ! supreme conc]ns ( ! human race1 & !re c be no d\bt t x =ces itself into ! calculations ( e "o ( u4 ,x is a matt] ab\t :i* we fight & diff]1 ab\t :i* we int]e/ ourselves 9 v>i\s degrees 9 proportion to ! developm5t ( our spiritual & emotional nature1 & :i* only a m9ority consci5ti\sly consid] to be ( vital consequ5ce4 ,b !re is ano!r conc]n :i* ent]s equally surely into all our calculations1 = :i* we fight )\t diff]+1 ab\t :i* we int]e/ ourselves 9 v>i\s degrees 9 proportion to ! developm5t ( our mat]ial nature1 & :i* only a small m9ority consid] n to be ( vital consequ5ce4 ,aft] ! satisfaction ( our animal appetites x is our fir/ preoccupation4 ,to "s x pres5ts itself z ! v fir/ consid]ation on :i* ev5 ! satisfaction ( _! appetites mu/ dep5d4 ,all great human ef=ts at progress1 :e!r !y issue f religi\s1 political1 sci5tific1 social1 or economic s\rces1 get *eck$ & ?w>t$ soon] or lat]1 because ( ! univ]sal acceptance ( a dom9ant pr9ciple1 s p[]ful & s ins9uat+ t x p]meates ! views & convictions ( m51 :e!r !y be ( high or l[ degree1 & irrespective ( _! cre$ & nationality4 ,?is bond t unites all civilis$ humanity is n a great uplift+ ideal nor a div9e inspiration4 ,x has m ! nature ( a malignant & infecti\s disease by :i* we are all contam9at$4 ,x c be express$ 9 "o s+le & famili> ^w--,,money--t is to say ! unqualifi$ belief 9 money z a means1 money z an end1 aim1 object1 ideal2 money z repres5t+ ! me?od ( secur+ a great] degree ( physical wellbe+1 money z p[]1 money z pleasure1 money1 !re=e1 z happ9ess4 ,x is a deep-root$ & at pres5t in]adicable conviction :i* we hold )\t d\bt & )\t "q4 ,a little money1 we argue1 is obvi\sly indisp5sable1 a little m money we are all ( u cont9ually decl>+ t we want1 a good deal ( money we are conv9c$ br+s a decid$ increase 9 happ9ess1 & a va/ am\nt ( money mu/ !re=e mean a great p[] = good4 ,?is belief1 :i* am\nts almo/ to an in/9ct1 may v>y 9 int5sity1 x may cloak itself "u _m insidi\s disguises1 b x is v r>ely if ev] completely abs5t4 ,x takes all conceivable =ms1 f undisguis$ gre$ to simulat$ contempt4 ,!re are ^? :o devote _! lives to amass+ m money2 !re are ^? :o1 hav+ suffici5t1 assume outw>dly an indiff]5ce z to its p[]1 :ile !y reta9 inw>dly a pr(\nd & unwav]+ fai? 9 x2 & !re are ^? :o /ruggle = x s z to avoid social & sometimes ev5 actual dea? f ne$ ( x4 ,x ins9uates itself into ! m9ds ( m5 :o h no confid5ce 9 mat]ial advancem5t because !y f9d t our :ole social sy/em is bas$ on ?is belief1 & if !y d n want to be left beh9d 9 ! /ruggle !y mu/ accept ! cre$4 ,n only by individuals sep>ately1 b by ! p collectively x is accept$ z a conc]n ( supreme importance4 ,our lives1 our m>riages1 & !re=e our v bir? are regulat$ by x1 our occupations1 our indu/ries & our arts1 ev]y?+ b dea? dep5ds on x1 & ev5 dea? itself c be ha/5$ or po/pon$ by x4 ,s national is ! rev]5ce = x t our holidays are n fix$ on sa9ts' days1 or to commemorate episodes f ! ri* "p ( our hi/ory1 b !y are ,bank holidays4 ,! clos+ ( our banks is ! "o signal t = tw5ty-f\r h\rs we are free4 ,! multif>i\s aspects ( ! !me are mo/ bewild]+4 ,z ,sir ,h5ry ,taylor said1 8,s manifold are ! be>+s ( money ^u ! lives & "* ( mank9d1 t an insight :i* %\ld se>* out ! life ( a man 9 8 pecuni>y relations w\ld p5etrate into almo/ e cranny ( 8 nature4 ,= if we take acc\nt ( all ! virtues ) :i* money is mix$ up1 hone/y1 ju/ice1 *>ity1 frugality1 =e?\ght1 self-sacrifice1 & ( _! correlative vices1 x is a k t goes ne> to cov] ! l5g? & bread? ( humanity40 ,x is c]ta9ly true t ! amaz+ly ext5sive nature ( ! subject might lead "o away into p]fectly relevant discussions ( almo/ e field ( human activity2 & no?+ r5d]s argum5t s unsatisfactory & inconclusive z to h unlimit$ scope4 ,b 9 ^! pages ! issue mu/ be n>r[$ d[n & ! "q conf9$ s f> z possible to a v brief exam9ation ( "o p>ticul> aspect ( ! subject1 :i* w be creat$ by =mulat+ a delib]ate cont5tion & pursu+ x by argum5t into "s ( ! ma9 *annels ( ?is p]plex+ problem4 ,ev5 s x is likely t deep wat] w be rea*$1 b1 aft] all1 a sugge/ion ne$ n be driv5 to its utmo/ limits 9 all directions 9 ord] to e/abli% its significance4 ,9 *oos+ a direct po9t ( attack aga9/ ?is g5]ally accept$ belief we %all treat ! matt] m or less f a practical po9t ( view4 ,)\t gett+ involv$ 9 ab/ract philosophic propositions1 )\t ent]+ too f> into ! sph]e ( economics & politics1 )\t prea*+ high morality1 ?\gh ! words & tea*+s ( prea*]s mu/ be quot$1 an endeav\r w be made1 by work+ out a def9ite l9e ( reason+1 to submit z a :ole "s ( ! simpl] & p]haps m p]sonal consid]ations :i* h no d\bt already occurr$ to _m :o h giv5 ! subject ?\ght & reflection4 ,no maxims w be laid d[n z to h[ money %\ld be made1 sp5t1 sav$1 l5t1 borr[$1 inve/$1 giv5 or bequea!d1 = ! object is to /rike at ! root pr9ciple & %att] ! ideal :i* und]lies all ^? transactions1 :i* col\rs m5's *>act]s1 influ5ces _! desires & aspirations1 creates artificial class contra/s1 & contributes l>gely to ! g5]al social confusion & *aos4 ,briefly1 !n1 our cont5tion is3 ,t no individual is capable ( possess+1 sp5d+1 or adm9i/]+ m ?an a c]ta9 def9ite am\nt ( money1 :i* c be r\ghly describ$ z a full compet5ce1 )\t produc+ positively h>mful effects on himself z well z on ^? affect$ by 8 actions4 ,9 o!r words1 ! 8ri* man0 is an impossibility 9 any dec5tly organis$ economic ,/ate1 & ! accumulation ( capital 9 individual h&s is detrim5tal to ! public good4 ,t is :at is meant by ! say+ f :i* ! title ( ?is volume is tak54 ,x may appe> at fir/ sight to be an extreme view1 because we h got s mu* accu/om$ to believ+ t a great deal ( good c be done ) money1 & a great deal ( happ9ess d]iv$ f x1 t to be confront$ ) an uncompromis+ negation on su* a "t-hon\r$ tradition may seem almo/ absurd4 ,! argum5t is purposely int5d$ to be completely compreh5sive1 & a case w be pres5t$ )\t exagg]ation :i* w cov] z mu* ( ! gr\nd z possible1 deal+ ) typical r ?an exceptional in/ances by way ( illu/ration4 ,we f9d 9 human nature ?ree *>act]i/ic impulses :i* s]ve z ! ma9spr+ & motive p[] 9 ! ga9+ & sp5d+ ( money3 ! passion = acquisition1 ! in/9ct = absolute prop]ty1 & ! desire to excel4 ,no "o w\ld sugge/ t ! passion = acquisition c be de/roy$3 x is nei!r possible nor desirable1 b x c be prev5t$ f runn+ wild1 & x c be controll$1 ?\gh x does n seem to h occurr$ to _m p t su* control is exp$i5t4 ,! in/9ct = absolute prop]ty is v mu* ov]e/imat$1 & ?is arises f ! fact t we are accu/om$ to a sy/em :i* h>dly all[s any satisfactory int]m$iate /age betwe5 prop]ty & positive ne$4 ,! crav+ = complete possession on any consid]able scale only ent]s into ! m9ds ( ^? :o covet _! neighb\rs' possessions4 ,:at a man wants & has e "r to expect is security 9 ! enjoym5t ( 8 necess>ies & com=ts1 b ?is is precisely :at 9 ! va/ majority ( cases he does n get2 & 8 want rema9+ unsatisfi$ is conv]t$ into a crav+ = absolute prop]ty4 ,! desire to excel1 :i* c und\bt$ly be "o ( ! f9e/ human qualities1 is 9 itself vitiat$ by ! measure ( money1 :i* sets up an utt]ly false /&>d ( excell5ce & conv]ts pure ambition into a desire = mat]ial pre-em95ce4 ,h[ev] f> we may travel1 ! problem w be cont9ually resolv+ itself into "s v>iation ( ! "q z to h[ ^! impulses _h be/ be regulat$1 & to :at ext5t !y h brok5 out beyond _! legitimate b\nds4 ,b al?\gh ! causes ( ! fai? 9 money may be r$uc$ to moral & psy*ological t]ms1 !re are economic z well z moral results1 & x is n ! metaphysical orig9s1 b ! practical results :i* mu/ be look$ into4 ,at ! outset we mu/ ackn[l$ge t our capacities ( all k9ds are /rictly limit$1 :e!r moral1 intellectual1 or physical4 ,an occasional sa9t1 an occasional g5ius1 or an occasional giant /ret*es ! limit beyond its normal po9t1 b ! limit /ill rema9s4 ,& yet we are fooli% en\gh to believe t 9 reg>d to ! possession1 exp5diture1 & adm9i/]+ ( ri*es !re is no sum ( money1 h[ev] l>ge1 :i* we are n compet5t to deal )1 & we are conv9c$ t x is q easy & unque/ionably )9 ! capacity ( almo/ anyone to sp5d ) b5efit to himself & to o!rs sums ( money greatly 9 excess ( :at c cov] 9 ! wide/ s5se 8 p]sonal requirem5ts4 ,:]eas n only is x n easy1 b z inquiry w %[1 x is purely & positively impossible1 z impossible z x is to acquire va/ k ) a limit$ bra9 capacity1 or to endure m ?an a c]ta9 am\nt ( physical /ra9 ) a limit$ muscul> capacity4 ,we are incl9$ also to ?9k t m5 :o h money & m5 :o make money are ipso facto easily capable ( sp5d+ ! money prop]ly1 ?\gh we g5]ally make ! m5tal res]vation t if we _h x ourselves we %\ld sp5d x a great deal bett]4 ,b ! inh]itance or accumulation ( money does n imply by any means a special ability = sp5d+ x wisely4 ,to put x pla9ly1 su* m5 h n1 nor h we1 nor has anyone ?is ability except 9 a v limit$ degree1 f> m limit$ ?an is g5]ally suppos$ or ev] admitt$4 ,! case aga9/ ri*es has be5 argu$ aga9 & aga9 on religi\s & moral gr\nds = ov] two ?\s& ye>s1 f ,confucius to ,tol/oy4 ,b we are less impress$ by ! tru? ( x n[ ?an ev] we 72 & we /ill he> x /at$ by high au?orities t x is a b5efit to ! community to conta9 m5 ( great weal?4 ,! :ole delusion arises f ! inde/ructible confid5ce 9 :at money c d4 ,& yet all ( u see cle>ly en\gh by ! r\ghe/ & mo/ g5]al obs]vation t happ9ess does n increase ) ri*es1 t money inde$ has v little to d ) happ9ess1 ?\gh x has a good deal to d ) mis]y4 ,b _m ( u are incl9$ to believe t our own individual case is r diff]5t1 & t m money add$ to our ample compet5ce1 & a consequ5t fur!r enjoym5t ( mat]ial possessions1 mu/ und\bt$ly make u happi]4 ,& :5 we h got ! m & ! desir$ result is n atta9$1 we nev] pause 9 hesitation to consid] :e!r p]haps ! m has int]f]$ ) r ?an augm5t$ our happ9ess1 b we are p]suad$ t ! reason we f9d ourselves /ill discont5t$ is simply t ! m is n en\gh4 ,en\gh nev] comes to ^? :o h enc\rag$ ! long+ = m4 ,no?+ %ort ( actual exp]i5ce c help to eradicate ?is belief1 b !re are few :o w\ld c>e to emb>k on an exp]im5t 9 ! direction ( less4 ,& yet x c\ld q well be demon/rat$ t a r$uction ( income1 provid$ always t ! loss does n r$uce ! income bel[ a compet5ce c lead to an increase 9 happ9ess--happ9ess be+1 ( c\rse1 di/+ui%$ f pleasure4 ,x may require a v r>e philosophic resignation & an equally r>e bread? ( view to refuse to be delud$ into reg>d+ ! possession ( money z an absolute ess5tial4 ,moreov]1 !re are a great _m qualifications to be tak5 into acc\nt aris+ f natural *>act]i/ics1 habit1 temp]am5t1 & ta/es4 ,b broadly speak+1 if a man has ! c\rage to reg>d a r$uction ( income n z a loss b a ga91 if he c use ! opportunity to kill ! in/9ctive b di/urb+ crav+ = m :i* un=tunately seems engra9$ 9 u all1 9 fact1 if he c eradicate ! g]m ( ! disease1 ! limitation ( 8 desire to satisfy transi5t & :at are really artificial ne$s w c]ta9ly increase 8 p[] ( enjoym5t & 8 happ9ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he treats ! l[]+ ( 8 means z a calamity1 :i* is ! usual case1 lam5t+ 8 fate1 rail+ aga9/ =tune & enc\rag+ ! long+ = ga9--an attitude ( m9d :i* is only ! outcome ( 8 unlimit$ fai? 9 ! p[] ( money--! result1 naturally en\gh1 w be despair4 ,b x might be %[n z well t a type ( man does exi/1 exceptional no d\bt1 :o1 be+ capable ( sp5d+ )\t hurt to himself or to o!rs m money ?an he has actually got1 c enri* 8 life 9 ! broade/ s5se by an increase ( =tune1 & may !re=e become ! happi] = x4 ,he is a man :o is indiff]5t to ! enjoym5t ( mat]ial possessions & probably w\ld be reg>d$ 9 ! eyes ( ! _w z ! la/ man :o 0 compet5t to use money prop]ly4 ,b ev5 he w\ld be entirely ov]:elm$ by any?+ l a l>ge increase ( =tune1 & w\ld be z incapable z any "o else ( dispos+ ( x )\t inflict+ injury4 8,c\ld n ri*es be us$ well80 asks ,jean ,m>ie 9 ,/ev5son's ,treasure ( ,fran*>d4 8,9 !ory1 yes10 repli$ ! doctor4 8,b x is f\nd 9 exp]i5ce t no "o does s4 ,all ! _w imag9e !y w be exceptional :5 !y gr[ weal?y2 b possession is debas+1 new desires spr+ up1 & ! silly ta/e = o/5tation eats out ! he>t ( pleasure40 ,money is1 aft] all1 responsibility & no?+ else4 ,we are all ( u capable ( und]tak+ a c]ta9 am\nt4 ,"s ( u are capable ( und]tak+ a good deal4 ,no "o is capable ( und]tak+ m ?an a relatively limit$ am\nt4 ,b ! tr\ble is t mo/ ( u ?9k ourselves capable ( und]tak+ f> m ?an we prop]ly c4 ,autocrats are ceas+ to exi/ n s mu* because c]ta9 mon>*s prov$ !mselves dang]\sly incapable1 b because ! _w has le>n$ t no conceivable human be+ has ! capacity to rule a c\ntry s+le-h&$4 ,we d n yet admit ?is incapacity ) reg>d to ! autocrats ov] capital1 al?\gh x is equally true1 & :5 we d s we %all f9d consid]able difficulty 9 de?ron+ !m4 ,ano!r important inf]5ce to be d$uc$ f ! argum5t "h set =? is t ! surplus money :i* no individual does or c sp5d b5eficially rema9s 9 8 h&s 9 /agnant unproductivity1 is deflect$ f o!r remun]ative *annels1 & is !re=e ! *ief cause ( ! exi/5ce ( "s ( ! grave/ economic ills :i* we h to face 9 our social life4 ,money _c re/1 x is an active in/rum5t = produc+ good or = produc+ evil4 ,its pres5ce 9 "o qu>t] may n produce visible evil1 b its consequ5t abs5ce 9 ano!r qu>t] w produce v visible & v positive evil4 ,! ^w consequ5t mu/ be emphasis$ because weal? is l wat]--to pump x up artificially on "o side is to l[] x automatically on ! o!r4 ,money 9 its "* ( pot5tial weal? seems also to h ?is peculi> *>act]i/ic4 ,x has no positive value 9 itself4 ,! great] "p ( its value is giv5 to x by its possessor1 & 9 proportion z x accumulates 9 ! h&s ( an individual its value is rapidly depreciat$4 ,an electric curr5t ( a c]ta9 p[] w p]=m c]ta9 specifi$ functions4 ,decrease ! p[] & x ceases to produce ! requir$ effect4 ,increase ! p[] t5fold or a hundr$fold & y w be no ne>] a*iev+ ! desir$ result4 ,t is to say1 9 addition to ! *ange 9 value effect$ by ! *ange 9 individual own]%ip1 !re is actual det]ioration1 produc$ by accumulation1 :oev] ! individual may be :o is responsible = t accumulation4 ,z ) individuals1 s ) ! ,/ate4 ,national weal?1 :i* 9 ! highe/ s5se ( ! ^w means ! enri*m5t ( ! lives ( ! p1 dep5ds n on h[ l>ge a numb] ( incomes !re are ( ov] t5 ?\s& a ye>1 b on h[ small a numb] !re are ( "u two hundr$ a ye>4 ,! real ri*es ( a nation are n to be measur$ by va/ calculations ( comm]cial /ati/ics1 b by ! abs5ce ( de/itution & ! high level ( heal?y life :i* ! p enjoy4 ,b we mu/ accept ! situation z x is4 ,! ri* h got _! ri*es1 & ! problem to be consid]$ "h is n h[ to deprive !m ( _! ri*es1 b h[ to prev5t all m51 ri* & poor alike1 f confid+ bl9dly 9 money1 z !y d at pres5t1 & f /riv+ t[>ds a false ideal :i* spoils _! highe/ endeav\rs1 blunts _! moral susceptibilities1 poisons _! happ9ess1 & produces a /ate ( social disord] :i* is highly prejudicial to ! common good4 ,a j appreciation ( ! ess5tial fact t money c only be made out ( p's lab\r & ! we> & te> ( _! lives w\ld 9 itself d mu* to prev5t ! gr[? ( ! _s :i* leads to ^! al>m+ contra/s 9 ri*es & pov]ty4 ,b m5's ideals & _! moral outlook c only be alt]$ 9 ! long run by repeat$ly expos+ ! actual fallacies 9 ! views !y n[ hold & con/antly emphasis+ ! disa/r\s results ( ! actions = :i* ?is wa/e ( money is responsible4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,def9ition ( ! limit--,^? ^: means are above ! limit--,income translat$ into t]ms ( subsi/5ce--,! case ( ! ri* man--,8 e/abli%m5ts--,8 s]vants--,8 luxuries--,extravagance--,vanity--,sport --,rac+--,ya*t+-- ,condemnation ( excess4 ,a m precise def9ition mu/ be giv5 ( ! limit ( income ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt] z 8a def9ite am\nt ( money :i* might be r\ghly describ$ z a full compet5ce40 ,e man requires1 ?\gh he by no means always gets a c]ta9 income to satisfy 8 own ne$s & ^? ( 8 family4 ,9 addition to ?is he c pr(itably sp5d m s z to add to 8 g5]al utility by conv5i5ces & com=ts1 he c satisfy 8 arti/ic proclivities1 8 desire = fur!r k1 8 ta/e = sport or amusem5t1 all to 8 own & ! g5]al b5efit )\t hurt or h9drance to anyone4 ,b aft] all[+ ! broade/ scope = ! satisfaction ( ^! legitimate wants !re is a def9ite po9t beyond :i* he _c safely g4 ,t is to say1 if he acquires1 or if by inh]itance he f9ds himself burd5$ ) money beyond ?is limit x w inevitably react detrim5tally on himself & on o!rs4 ,& ?is = two reasons3 fir/ly because he is1 z a normal human be+1 incapable ( deal+ ) s great a *>ge1 & secondly because ! money1 :ile 9 8 possession1 is be+ drawn away f o!r *annels :]e !re is special ne$ = x4 ,s long z money enc\rages heal?y ef=t a man may be sure ! limit has n be5 rea*$1 ! mom5t money t5ds to relax ef=t ! limit has be5 pass$4 ,x mu/ be describ$ z heal?y ef=t1 z1 ( c\rse1 money-mak+ may increase ! undesirable ef=ts ( ! speculator1 ! gambl]1 & ! ?ief4 ,b :o is to decide :at is heal?y ef=t8 ,! man himself4 ,no "o else c4 ,& he kn[s to a nicety4 ,e man or woman has a diff]5t /&>d1 & ! level ( ! limit v>ies 9 ea* individual case accord+ to ideals1 capacity1 & temp]am5t4 ,b x w n dep5d at all on :at is "o ( ! /ronge/ & (t5 ! mo/ excusable inducem5ts = sp5d+ money1 namely1 environm5t1 or ! conv5tions ( ! p>ticul> /ratum ( society to :i* ! man belongs4 ,! limit = "o w n be ! limit = ano!r1 & a man c only become aw>e t ?is limit exi/s at all by obs]v+ v closely :at actually is ! effect t 8 money is hav+ on 8 life & "*1 in/ead ( bl9dly accept+ 8 already excessive income or e increase ( 8 =tune z a natural & unque/ionable bless+4 ,! ma9 brunt ( ! attack mu/ cle>ly fall on ^? ^: incomes are above ! limit4 ,!y are 9 numb]s a small m9ority1 b ! am\nt !y possess is incr$ibly l>ge4 ,! pres5t income ( #a1bej1jjj p1 assess$ to income1 rea*es ! va/ sum ( #hej1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,tak+ ! :ole population ( ^! isl&s1 x is r\ghly e/imat$ t !re are #a millions :o c be class$ z ri*1 #c millions com=tably (f1 #ch millions z poor1 ( :om "s #ab to #ac millions are 9 con/ant ne$4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! #a millions is "o ( ! *ief causes ( ! condition ( ! #ch millions4 ,9 o!r words1 excess above ! limit causes want bel[ ! limit4 ,! #c millions 8com=tably (f0 are mo/ ( !m occupi$ 9 try+ to become id5tifi$ ) ! select #a millions4 ,if we c\ld e/imate ! am\nts 9 income :i* ^! classes repres5t ! figures w\ld be ev5 m />tl+4 ,! _w has c]ta9ly nev] se5 l>g] =tunes ?an exi/ to-day1 nor has x se5 m ext5sive & m inexcusable pov]ty4 ,! av]age rate ( luxuri\s liv+ 9 ! small m9ority is high] ?an x has ev] be51 & ! dang]\s & degrad+ effect ( want on individuals & on ! g5]al community has nev] be5 s widespread or s int5se4 8,! ri*10 to use a simple t]m1 are ne>ly all actuat$ by ! same motive4 ,!y accept :at !y h & :at !y make z _! own1 to be sp5t on !mselves1 accord+ to _! own caprice1 or on o!rs1 if !y are s incl9$1 ca/+ an occasional sop to "s *>ity or philan?ropic s*eme z a salve to _! consci5ces4 ,!re are1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 a few1 a v few :o reg>d _! ri*es z a tru/ & endeav\r to ! be/ ( _! ability to div]t ! great] "p ( x back into remun]ative *annels )\t exce$+ a reasonable sum = _! own p]sonal wants4 ,b z a class !y insi/ t ef=ts to alt] our social sy/em are fruitless1 di/urb+ & doom$ to failure1 ! division ( ! _w into ri* & poor be+ a ,provid5tial decree1 & if ! ri* c get s]vice f ! poor )\t _! grumbl+1 t is ! mo/ desirable arrangem5t t c be conceiv$4 ,to ?is a reply may be giv5 9 ! words ( ,pr(essor ,m>%all3 8,n[ at lea/ we are sett+ ourselves s]i\sly to inquire :e!r x is necess>y t !re %\ld be any s-call$ #8l[] class' at all3 t is :e!r !re ne$ be l>ge numb]s ( p doom$ f _! bir? to h>d "w 9 ord] to provide = o!rs ! requisites ( a ref9$ & cultur$ life1 :ile !y !mselves are prev5t$ by _! pov]ty & toil f hav+ any %>e 9 t life40 ,! case w\ld n be q s bad z x is if x 7 only 8! requisites ( a ref9$ & cultur$ life0 t !y 7 made to provide4 ,b ?is po9t mu/ be consid]$ lat]4 ,9 ord] to appreciate fully ! responsibility :i* ! possession ( ri*es entails1 let u translate an income into t]ms ( actual su/5ance = human be+s4 ,by ?is means x is possible to arrive at a m or less positive measure4 ,!re is s mu* t is relative 9 mo/ human requirem5ts t !y _c s]ve z a /&>d or z a reliable quantity to be us$ 9 calculat+ any equation4 ,b ! requirem5ts ( a human be+ c be measur$ 9 t]ms ( actual su/5ance1 because !y c be e/imat$ ) some?+ approa*+ precision4 ,take a man ) #bj1jjj a ye>1 & say we d$uct ev5 z mu* z #cjjj = himself & 8 family4 ,) 8 rema9+ #ag1jjj he has ! p[] ( furni%+ #agj p ) #ajj a ye> apiece4 ,x is n = a mom5t sugge/$ t he %\ld d any su* ?+1 z he w\ld be q unable to select #agj wor?y p1 & ev5 if he c\ld make ! *oice ! #agj p1 on ! reception ( ?is private dole1 w\ld soon become unwor?y4 ,?is calculation is only tak5 to s]ve z a measure ( 8 p[]4 ,:at might be ! income or1 m correctly speak+1 ! means ( exi/5ce ( #agj lives1 is ve/$ 9 "o man1 :o is "u ! impression--& no "o attempts to dispute x--t he is capable ( dispos+ ( ?is sum 9 a way t is g5]ally b5eficial4 ,n[ let u /ate ! case fairly f ! po9t ( view ( ! ri* man1 tak+ a reasonable & m or less repres5tative type4 ,he may h #aj1jjj1 #ej1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj a ye>--t only alt]s 8 activities 9 scope1 n 9 quality4 ,let u say he has two or ?ree c\ntry h\ses & a h\se 9 ,london4 ,8 8position0 requires him to keep up a c]ta9 e/abli%m5t1 & ?is means ! employm5t ( "s =ty or fifty s]vants1 grooms1 g>d5]s1 *auffeurs1 etc41 :o1 he readily tells y1 w be ?r[n out ( employm5t %\ld any ( 8 money be tak5 f him4 ,if we take ! case ( a l&lord1 he w also h t5ants1 bailiffs1 f>m lab\r]s1 & gamekeep]s dep5d5t on him4 ,he keeps ! home f>m & lets out ! o!r f>ms on 8 e/ate to t5ant f>m]s4 ,"p ( 8 l& is built ov] & br+s him 9 sub/antial returns 9 ! %ape ( r5t4 ,8 villages are 9 good ord] & ! cottages kept 9 prop] repair4 ,"s ?\s&s ( acres or s he keeps = %oot+4 ,he may h a de] =e/ on "o ( 8 e/ates1 & p]haps also a gr\se moor or a riv]4 ,:e!r he keeps a rac+ /able1 a pack ( h\nds1 or a ya*t dep5ds on 8 p>ticul> fancy4 ,he w ackn[l$ge t he sp5ds a c]ta9 am\nt on luxuries1 b t 8is good = trade10 z great numb]s ( p h to be employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^! luxuries4 ,he is k9d to 8 poor relations1 :om he ent]ta9s & helps2 & 8 subscription li/ to hospitals1 *>ities1 & philan?ropic works is a l>ge "o4 ,he enjoys himself 9 an uno/5tati\s b suitably exp5sive way1 & 8 v>i\s responsibilities all[ him to lead a life consi/+ ( occasional ru%es ( activity & prolong$ int]vals ( leisure4 ,he mo/ probably f9ds he c sp>e a c]ta9 am\nt ( money = speculation1 ) a view to add+ m to ! sum total ( 8 income4 ,he looks =w>d to h&+ d[n to 8 *ildr5 suffici5t means to make ea* ( !m indep5d5t1 & mean:ile has 8 boys educat$ 9 ! l>ge public s*ools1 :]e !y c associate ) boys :o are simil>ly situat$4 ,:at possible h>m c !re be 9 all ?is8 ,s f> f be+ p>asitic1 he c\nts himself z a b5efic5t ag5t 9 ! g5]al indu/rial activity1 at ! same "t appe>+ z a cr$it to 8 society & a notably ref9$ product ( ! class ( :i* he is a memb]4 ,above all1 he is popul>1 & ga9s o/5sibly ! respect & reg>d ( 8 fri5ds1 8 neighb\rs1 & 8 dep5d5ts4 ,a fav\rable case has purposely be5 made = him1 because if we accuse him ( self-indulg5ce & gre$1 & describe him z a gambl]1 sp5d+ 8 sub/ance on objects :i* are g5]ally admitt$ to be p]nici\s & unwor?y1 ! case c\ld n be def5d$ at all4 ,! fundam5tal !ory :i* makes ?is man's position unt5able has already be5 expla9$--namely1 t aft] he has satisfi$ 8 legitimate requirem5ts all ! surplus money he keeps is be+ held back f s]v+ urg5t ne$s2 &1 moreov]1 ! me?od 9 :i* he sp5ds ! surplus is directly or indirectly h>mful to himself & o!rs4 ,we call ! money 8 z if by "s miracle he _h made x4 ,(t5 en\gh he has n help$ ev5 by ! smalle/ ex]tion to create x4 ,! weal? has be5 & is be+ daily & h\rly produc$ by ! ex]tion ( numb]less p :o are ei!r employ$ by him or employ$ 9 fur!r+ ent]prises 9 :i* he has inve/$ 8 money4 ,x w be said t 8 %>e z ! wise disp5s] ( capital1 )\t :i* lab\r & ent]prise c\ld n be set 9 motion1 is an all-important "p ( ! g5]al process ( bus9ess4 ,b he inve/s n to promote ent]prise1 b to get high divid5ds2 & an elaborate sy/em has be5 set up 9 ord] to tempt him to put 8 money into conc]ns t are by no means always s\nd or ( ! smalle/ public utility4 ,capital w\ld exi/ & fl[ f> m freely )\t ! l>ge capitali/4 ,he acts z a dam to ! /ream2 a c]ta9 am\nt escapes back into ! ma9 *annel1 b mu* m is *eck$ & div]t$ into /agnant & putrefy+ pools ( 8 own creation4 ,! free fl[ ( blood is life-giv+2 ! clott+ or coagulation ( blood produces disease4 ,let u take ! v>i\s po9ts rais$ by 8 case s]iatim4 ,_m acutely controv]sial problems are op5$1 & x w be difficult to deta* ! p>ticul> actions ( ! ri* man )\t g5]alis+1 to "s ext5t1 on ! problems !mselves4 ,x is no argum5t aga9/ our ma9 cont5tion to say t p ) co/ly ta/es h1 :ile gratify+ !m1 be5 able to ex]cise p[]s ( a high ord]1 =1 obvi\sly1 x is 9 spite ( _! %ortcom+s 9 ?is respect t !y h succe$$1 & n because ( !m4 ,if "s m5 ) means h done valuable public s]vice & p]=m$ admirable "w 9 _m diff]5t sph]es ( life1 ?is !y h done z m5 naturally gift$ ) high accompli%m5ts1 n z ri* m54 ,"h we are only conc]n$ ) _! works & de$s 9 _! latt] capacity4 ,x does n affect our argum5t :e!r our typical example has be5 br\ght up to reg>d ?is way ( liv+ z natural & necess>y = a man ( :at is call$ 8 8position0 7t is to say1 ! purely artificial place :i* a ri* man is able to take up 9 ! community solely on acc\nt ( 8 ri*es71 or :e!r he has made ! money = himself & is simply ap+ ! habits & cu/oms ( ^? :o already possess x4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! vieux ri*es & ! n\veaux ri*es is "o !y c fight out betwe5 !mselves4 ,! =m] sc(fs at ! latt] :ile all ! "t he is sett+ him1 & consci\sly sett+ him1 ! example he is to foll[4 ,x is n ! ga9+1 b ! sp5d+ ( ! money t mu/ occupy our att5tion "h4 ,our fri5d's h\ses are only a detail 9 ! upkeep ( 8 position4 ,!y may be hi/oric ca/les1 %am 8ance/ral halls10 mod]n 8palatial c\ntry resid5ces10 or 8fa%ionable mansions0 9 t[n4 ,does x ev] /rike ! own] z1 let u say1 a curi\s arrangem5t t he %\ld h sev]al h\ses ( fifty to a hundr$ rooms apiece :ile "s millions ( 8 fell[-m5 d n own "o room8 ,does he "k t 9 ,engl& & ,wales alone #ejg1gfc p occupy "o-room t5em5ts1 #dh4d ( :i* are classifi$ z ov]cr[d$1 :ile #ab1deh1aej are occupy+ t5em5ts ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r rooms8#d ,9 any case1 he w\ld indignantly refuse to admit t !re 0 any remote connection betwe5 ^! two sets ( circum/ances4 ,:5 we come to ! /aff necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ^! l>ge e/abli%m5ts we t\* a problem ( employm5t :i* mu/ be exam9$ m closely4 ,x is n suffici5t to /ate baldly t ^! p are employ$1 & t if ! op5+ 7 n available = !m !y w\ld be unemploy$4 ,! imm$iate result ( _! be+ dis*>g$ w\ld no d\bt 9 "s cases be unemploym5t4 ,t is j ! mis*ief ( uneconomic employm5t4 ,if a l>ge numb] 7 simultane\sly dismiss$ !re might be tempor>y unemploym5t on a l>ge scale1 z x w\ld am\nt to dislocation1 l ! ext9ction ( "s dy+ indu/ry4 ,b ! ev5tual readju/m5t w\ld subsequ5tly be by t mu* ! /rong] & bett] adapt$ to ! real requirem5ts ( ! community4 ,to employ a man 9 useless & unremun]ative "w c be reg>d$ 9 "s aspects z worse ?an n employ+ him at all4 ,x is n int5d$1 h[ev]--&1 inde$1 x w\ld be impossible--"h to ent] into a discussion on ! :ole problem ( unemploym5t1 b !re is und\bt$ly a v great economic wa/e t l>gely contributes to ! gravity ( ! problem1 aris+ f ! fact t a l>ge numb] ( p are be+ =c$ to devote _! lab\r & en]gy to "w :i* is1 s to speak1 f9al & /]ile4 ,x is precisely ! same ) reg>d to ! production ( exp5sive luxuries4 ,! employm5t ( a l>ge ret9ue is only ano!r =m ( ! possession & enjoym5t ( articles ( excessive luxury4 ,! employ]s & possessors h all disagreeable burd5s & e sordid worry lift$ f !m1 _! smalle/ & _! mo/ extreme desires = pleasure met1 _! special appetites satisfi$1 _! peculi> vanities titillat$1 & _! artificial position safegu>d$ & ma9ta9$1 )\t _! giv+ m ?an a pass+ ?\ght to ! mass ( p requir$ to c>ry on ?is "w4 ,pl5ty ( examples might be quot$ 9 contempor>y z well z pa/ hi/ory to %[ t aft] g5]ations ( ! enjoym5t ( 8! vile joys ( ta9t+ luxury0 m5 det]iorate1 bo? physically & m5tally4 ,z = ! p>ticul> l9e ( life :i* dome/ic s]vice (f]s "u mod]n circum/ances1 x is n too mu* to say t x is1 z a rule1 v demoralis+1 m especially = ! m54 ,& its demoralis+ t5d5cy increases 9 proportion to ! size ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! s+le g5]al s]vant lives a life ( h>d "w b g5u9e s]vice on f\r to eight %ill+s a week1 (t5 liv+ 9 fri5dly relations ) ma/] or mi/ress1 & really lift+ f !m ! burd5 ( necess>y dome/ic duties :i* !y ) limit$ incomes & pr(essional "w ( _! own _c possibly f9d "t to p]=m2 & ?is rema9s true 9 o!r small h\seholds4 ,9 ! l>ge h\se ! fai?ful old family s]vant1 :o is m ( a fri5d ?an a s]vitor1 is r>e 9 ^! days ( o/5tation4 ,! butl]1 on wages ( fifty to sixty %ill+s a week1 :i* toge!r ) bo>d & lodg+ repres5ts f #bej to #cjj a ye>1 has a life ( leisure1 ease1 & excessive com=t1 seldom hav+ to ex]t himself ev5 up to 8 limit$ capacities4 ,male h\se-s]vants are (t5 *os5 = _! looks2 _! "w is v light physically1 !y are ov]f$1 & be+ "u-educat$1 c h>dly be blam$ = becom+ demoralis$4 ,^! able-bodi$ m51 ^: muscles1 if n _! m9ds1 might be devot$ to "s really s]viceable purpose1 are /ill increas+ 9 numb]s4 ,ov] #be1jjj m male s]vants h got employm5t 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 ! total numb] n[ be+ #bbg1iie4 ,ev5 d$uct+ ! s+le indoor s]vant1 ! s+le coa*man or g>d5]1 ?is means a l>ge increase ( ornam5tal male att5dants4 ,female s]vants are becom+ m difficult to secure 9 ! high] grades1 because ! class ( wom5 f :i* !y are drawn value _! lib]ty & are n s ready to sacrifice x = food & com=ts4 ,9 fact1 !y are %[+ signs ( impati5ce ( control1 & ( pref]r+ ! risky ?\gh exhil>at+ /ruggle ( indep5d5ce4 ,b /ill l>ge ret9ues ( m5 & wom5 exi/ solely employ$ 9 keep+ up huge h\ses to satisfy ! vanity & m9i/] to ! com=t ( a comp>atively few ri* p4 ,no "w ( a m hopelessly b>r51 pr(itless1 &1 inde$1 degrad+ "* c\ld be f\nd = !m4 ,a sy/em ( tips deprives _! smalle/ acts ( :at might be an oblig+ & dis9t]e/$ int5tion4 ,arrangem5ts are organis$ ) tradesm5 to defraud ! employ]s 9 :at is ?\ght a p]fectly legitimate way2 ! actual wa/e ( food is appall+1 & by extras1 gratuities1 p]quisites1 commissions1 & pick+s a consid]able am\nt is add$ to ! wages ( ! upp] s]vants4 ,9 ^! l>ge e/abli%m5ts immorality exi/s m z a rule ?an z an exception1 b x c be kept secret1 = ^! communities ( private s]vants--l ev]y?+ else connect$ ) ! lives ( ! ri*--_c be made ! subject ( inve/igation4 ,if assi/ance to ^? :o ne$ x is ! object ( dome/ic s]vice1 x is /rik+ to note t on ! money basis1 g5]ally speak+1 ! wrong p are s]v$4 ,:o 9 ! community mo/ require & %\ld specially h ! help ( s]vants8 ,! old & infirm1 ! weak & ill1 ! v "y & ! h>d-work$4 ,s]vice "u su* conditions raises itself to ! level ( "o ( ! highe/ occupations t c be imag9$4 ,b ?is is n our sy/em4 ,a man or woman may be ill1 old or ov]-work$1 )\t be+ able to get ! assi/ance ( a s+le s\l4 ,ano!r man or woman may be "y & heal?y & h at 8 or h] comm& a ret9ue ( ?irty s]vants or m1 solely because !y h money & s]vants are =c$1 by economic pressure1 to devote _! lives to ! m5ial task ( furbi%+ up ! endless & complicat$ appanage ( weal?4 ,n[ let u turn to ! inanimate luxuries1 tak+ into acc\nt only indisputable luxuries--t is to say1 articles ( high price :i* h no special arti/ic value1 to :i* mu* lab\r has be5 devot$ & :i* are n produc$ to s]ve any legitimately useful purpose4 ,luxury has be5 well def9$ z 8t :i* creates imag9>y ne$s1 exagg]ates real wants1 div]ts !m f _! true end1 e/abli%es a habit ( prodigality 9 ,society1 & (f]s ?r\gh ! s5ses a satisfaction ( self-love :i* puffs up b does n n\ri% ! he>t & :i* pres5ts to o!rs ! picture ( happ9ess !y c nev] atta940 ,bond ,/reet catalogues ab\nd ) any quantity ( examples4 ,furs at "o ?\s& gu9eas1 fifty-gu9ea dress+-bags1 tw5ty-gu9ea hats1 ?\s&-gu9ea ti>as1 fruit & vegetables out ( season1 cig>s at ?ree %ill+s apiece1 ru9\sly exp5sive w9es1 & fanta/ic foods ( all descriptions4 ,!re is no ne$ to exagg]ate1 = all ^? articles c be b\ght = mu* high] prices ?an ^? quot$4 ,a great am\nt ( skill$ lab\r ( a high ord] goes to ! production ( ^! luxuries1 & a great am\nt ( lab\r ( ! l[e/ & mo/ cruelly sweat$ description is also enli/$ = _! production1 & incr$ible z x may seem1 x is on ! gr\nd t !y give employm5t t ^! luxuries are def5d$4 ,x 0 calculat$ 9 #ahhde t1 ev5 giv+ a lib]al ext5sion ( mean+ to ! t]m 8necess>ies0 & 8com=ts0 ( life1 ov] six millions ( manual lab\r]s1 :o ) _! families con/itute ?irte5 millions ( ! population1 7 engag$ 9 produc+ :at1 9 contradi/9ction to ! above1 mu/ be classifi$ z luxuries4 ,a prom95t /atesman1#f express+ ! views ( 8 class1 said a few ye>s ago3 8,! m human wants are /imulat$ & multipli$1 ! m widespread w be ! inducem5t to hire4 ,!re=e all outcries & prejudices aga9/ ! progress ( weal? & :at is call$ luxury are no?+ b outcries ( prejudice aga9/ ! v s\rces & f\nta9s ( all employm5t40 ,on su* an argum5t z ?is ! def5ce ( luxuries g5]ally re/s4 ,! ess5ce ( ! fallacy lies 9 ! fact1 :i* _c be repeat$ too (t51 t lab\r sp5t on su* articles is unremun]ative & unproductive1 because its ultimate result is only to gratify v>i\s =ms ( vanity & gre$4 ,to exemplify by a concrete in/ance :at is unremun]ative & :at is remun]ative1 let u take a hundr$-gu9ea ball-g[n & a pair ( boots4 ,x is n possible to e/imate ! numb] ( p employ$ 9 produc+ ! ball-g[n4 ,!re is ! silk1 sat91 or :atev] ! pr9cipal mat]ial may be2 !re are ! trimm+s ( *iffon1 h&-embroid]y1 lace1 braid1 beads1 sequ9s1 ribbons1 etc41 etc42 "s hundr$s ( pairs ( h&s1 includ+ factory-work]s1 dressmak]s1 semp/resses1 etc41 w h t\*$ "s "p ( ! g[n be=e x is deliv]$ to ! we>]4 ,to :at end are all ^! specialis$ dep>tm5ts ( lab\r conc5trat$8 ,! g[n is worn a few times 9 ! "o season2 ! we>] has ! satisfaction ( feel+ z well dress$ z ,a4 to ,f41 & f> bett] dress$ ?an ,f4 to ,z4 ,9 fact1 ! net result ( all ?is exp5diture ( en]gy is ! g5]at+ ( a r fooli% pride1 ! enc\ragem5t ( conceit on ! "o side & envy on ! o!r1 & ! h>d5+ ( a nature into ways ( worldl9ess & vanity4 ,z = ! boots4 ,aga91 _m m h&s ?an c be calculat$ h help$ to produce !m1 b !y are directly & imm$iately s]viceable to ! pur*as]1 to ^: activity ! we>+ ( boots is an ess5tial1 & 9 g5]al !y m9i/] to ! effici5cy ( human ma*9es4 ,b if balls are n wrong1 ball-g[ns mu/ be worn4 ,x is a "q ( degree2 & "h aga9 we get to ! !ory ( ! limit :i* 9 ?is conjunction c be express$ ?us3 ,9 relation to human ne$s1 9 relation to human p[]s ( enjoym5t1 9 relation to ! b5eficial effects ( pleasure1 ev5 9 relation to ! dictates ( fa%ion1 !re is a di/9ct limit n to be express$ 9 figures up to :i* exp5diture 79 ?is p>ticul> case on dress7 is legitimate & relatively productive1 beyond :i* x becomes progressively unremun]ative & h>mful4 ,a hundr$ gu9eas1 by any conceivable me?od ( calculation1 greatly exce$s ?is limit4 ,to ass]t t ! pur*ase ( luxuries is good = trade is q z ridicul\s z to say t a man c b5efit ! build+ & furni%+ trade by burn+ d[n 8 h\se once a ye>4 ,we d n want to create m artificial wants be=e we h satisfi$ ! cry+ human ne$s :i* already exi/4 ,!re is no loophole ?r\gh :i* a reasonable def5ce ( ! s5seless exp5diture1 :i* goes on 9 an increas+ measure1 c be made4 ,luxuri\s liv+ has nev] be5 q s blatant & una%am$ z x is to-day1 & ! effete epicureanism & decad5t effem9acy x produces /& out 9 r %>p contra/ to m hopeful signs ( progress & moral & intellectual ref9em5t & vig\r :i*1 happily1 are visible ar\nd u4 ,a lady writ+ 9 a review 9 ! e>ly 'sev5ties describes life 9 ! c\ntry h\se1 ) its futile r\t9e ( heavy meals1 sport1 c>d-play+1 & vacu\s inanities :i* take ! place ( conv]sation1 all v mu* z x is to-day4 ,! writ] speaks ) dismay ( g[ns co/+ sixty gu9eas & ( #ajjj a ye> sp5t on clo!s4 ,b ^! figures are almo/ negligible comp>$ ) ! sums sp5t n[adays4 ,x is only ?r\gh occasional actions 9 ! c\rts t ! outside public get an idea ( :at is actually sp5t1 & x is surpris+ t !re are n m disclosures1 consid]+ ! m\nta9\s debts t are pil$ up 9 ,we/ ,end %ops4 ,b ! %opkeep]s are v reluctant to lose a really lead+ cu/om]1 & !y "k h[ to meet ! inconv5i5ce ( n be+ promptly paid4 ,a typical case may be giv5 ( an article ( clo?+1 ! co/ price ( :i* 0 n9e gu9eas1 be+ sold = #bh #gs4 ,!re may be delay 9 paym5t1 b !re appe>s to be comp5sation 9 ! pr(it4 ,:5 "o he>s ( ! woman :o sp5t la/ ye> #cf #es4 on a hat1 or ano!r :o gave #abej = a sable cape1 x is n ! isolat$ action ( crim9al folly t *iefly /rikes "o1 b x is t ! hat & ! cape act z indicators ( ! sort ( price su* wom5 are 9 ! habit ( pay+ = _! clo!s1 a l>ge supply ( :i* are 9 ! m>ket ready to meet ?is artificial dem&4 ,moreov]1 ! habit ( extravagance1 especially z reg>ds female clo?+1 is cat*+ & runs ?r\gh all classes once ! example is set4 ,x is a common en\gh & v depress+ sight to see absurdly elaborate clo!s1 :i* are *eap] imitations ( ! late/ fa%ions1 worn by wom5 ( ! l[] middle-class1 ^: deplorable want ( education is %[n by _! inability ev5 to pron\nce _! "m tongue4 ,!y wat* ! ri*1 & ga!r f :at !y see t f9e fea!rs make f9e birds1 & x is n on !m t ! blame %\ld re/4 ,vanity exi/s & insi/s on be+ satisfi$4 ,x is no good bl9k+ ! fact4 ,luxuries1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 w cont9ue to be produc$4 ,b !re is no reason :y we %\ld n /em ! curr5t le/ x swell to dang] po9t4 ,!re are _m well-kn[n hi/orical examples ( ! en]vat+ & deg5]at+ effect ( luxury on national life1 & ! mod]n t5d5cy t[>ds an increas$ production ( ^! indulg5ces %\ld be combat$ n only z a moral weakness1 b z an integral factor 9 ! g5]al economic problem4 ,:5 "o consid]s :at real com=t ( liv+1 ) all ! necess>y intellectual & arti/ic equipage1 opportunities = amusem5t1 & dome/ic conv5i5ce1 c be secur$ to-day at a comp>atively mod]ate sum1 x makes ! wild & pr(ligate extravagance ! m inexcusable & ! m futile4 ,anyh[1 let u ab&on once & = all ! fooli% & ignorant attitude ( reg>d+ ?is display z a desirable =m ( indu/rial /imulus :i* %\ld be fo/]$ & enc\rag$4 ,prea*+ & writ+ aga9/ x has nev] be5 ( ! smalle/ avail1 b x has be5 necess>y to deal ) x "h z a v important1 if n pr$om9at+1 elem5t 9 ! analysis ( ! ri* man's conceptions ( 8 duties4 ,9 addition to luxuries ( e/abli%m5t1 clo!s1 & food !re is a complicat$ ritual ( sport :i* 9 ?is c\ntry rea*es an almo/ incr$ible pit*4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t =ty-five millions are p]man5tly inve/$ 9 ! app>atus ( sport1 & an income ( ov] =ty millions sp5t annually ^u x4 ,we ne$ n discuss all ! intricacies ( ! num]\s bran*es ( sport1 obs]v+ :]e its effect is heal?y & :]e h>mful4 ,no "o w cont5d t ! mo/ exp5sive =ms ( x are by any mann] ( means ! be/4 ,b ! mo/ obvi\s h>m to be not$ 9 ?is connection is ! am\nt ( l& :i* is tak5 away f agriculture = sport+ purposes4 ,l&lords (t5 keep up _! %oot+ at a great loss1 am\nt+ to some?+ l five to t5 p\nds p] bird %ot1 all = ! sake ( hav+ ! %oot+ & ask+ fri5ds d[n = a few days 9 ! ye> to enjoy x4 ,x is gravely reg>d$ z an ess5tial "p ( ! education ( a "y man 9 ?is p>ticul> _w to le>n h[ to %oot4 ,no "q1 ev5 ) respect to 8 education or possible pr(essional c>e]1 is treat$ ) m s]i\sness ?an ! mom5t he fir/ h&les a gun1 & family advice is s\ght z to h[ & :5 enc\ragem5t c be giv5 to ! developm5t ( ?is ess5tial qualification :i*1 c\pl$ ) a k ( bridge1 w make him a desirable visitor 9 any c\ntry h\se4 ,at c>d-play+1 :i* occupies a va/ am\nt ( "t 9 ! lives ( ! ri*1 sums am\nt+ to hundr$s are (t5 lo/ or ga9$ by "o p]son 9 "o ev5+4 ,b ( ! v>i\s s9ks :i* help to dra9 away _! money1 horse-rac+ almo/ holds ! fir/ place4 ,!re are no /ati/ics to %[ h[ _m p h be5 ru9$ by x1 or h[ _m h be5 lur$ into a life ( gambl+ by _! success 9 ! bett+ r+4 ,b its popul>ity is c]ta9ly on ! increase1 z we c see by look+ at ! numb] ( horses t h run "u ! rules ( rac+ 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,9 #ahgh !re 7 #bjig2 9 #aijh ?is figure _h ris5 to #cgjf4 ,! numb] ( l>g] race meet+s adv]tis$ 9 advance h m ?an d\bl$ s9ce #ahha 7#gh 9 #ahha1 #afd 9 #aiji74 ,"s sort ( e/imate ( ! money sp5t on x1 ap>t f bett+1 c be ga!r$ f ! am\nts won4 ,9 #aijh ! w9n+ own]s secur$ betwe5 !m ne>ly a qu>t] ( a million p\nds1 ! sums won by ! fir/ ?irty-six am\nt+ to #bdf1jja #aes41 ! l>ge/ total secur$ by "o own] be+ #bf1bdf4g ,! populace are invit$ to jo9 9 ?is pursuit1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !y mu/ be rail$ (f to prev5t too close contact ) ^? :o come 9 coa*es & motor-c>s4 ,! cr[d is vaguely suppos$ to be hav+ a good "t1 & any attack on horse-rac+ is met by hackney$ argum5ts ab\t 8keep+ up ! national sport0 or 8improv+ ! bre$ ( horses10 & p]haps1 aga91 ! objection ( unemploym5t = jockeys & bookies might be dragg$ 94 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 to be a good me?od ( improv+ ! human bre$4 ,9 obs]v+ ! cr[d on a race-c\rse1 :e!r x be ! well-dress$ portion or ! ill-dress$1 ! bett]s or ! bookies1 nei!r a deep k ( humanity nor a v close p[] ( obs]vation into physiognomy is requir$ to note ! preval5ce ( a rem>kably l[ type4 ,b a /ill m vivid impression ( :at ! pleasures ( rac+ mean c be ga9$ by go+ out on ! road 9 ! ev5+ t[>ds ! sc5e ( a l>ge race meet+ :5 ! p are return+4 ,brakes & c>ts 9 endless procession w pass y load$ ) m5 %\t+ 9 ! excitem5t ( semi-drunk5ness1 or ) heaps ( humanity sodd5 & sil5t 9 complete intoxication4 ,outside e public-h\se on ! roadside traps await ^? :o are squ&]+ _! ga9s on fur!r refre%m5t or soo?+ ! despair ( losses 9 ! tempor>y oblivion ( dr9k4 ,! localities :]e !re is an annual race week suff] consid]ably1 ! inhabitants become infect$ by ! gambl+ & bett+ mania1 & dur+ ! actual days ( ! races ! place is infe/$ by ! l[e/ dregs ( ! riff-raff :o j\rney ab\t f "o race meet+ to ano!r4 ,?is s-call$ sport produces ! l[e/ possible type2 x degrades _m :o take "p 9 x ) s9i/] rapidity1 x enc\rages fraud & deception1 x is a cank] ( rott5ness 9 public life1 & x receives ! highe/ sanction & patronage4 ,_m p are pres5t at a race meet+ )\t be+ consci\s t x is att5d$ by any evil consequ5ces4 ,!y g to meet _! fri5ds1 p]haps putt+ an occasional sov]eign on a horse to give !m "s int]e/ 9 ! rac+4 ,to !m ! cr[d is a natural "p ( ! proce$+s1 ! heavy bets ( ! r+ an amusem5t4 ,to h be5 !re is some?+ to boa/ (1 & conveys ! idea t !y h associat$ ) sm>t p4 ,?\ghtless1 z 9 s _m ( _! o!r pursuits1 !y accept ! :ole proce$+ z a recognis$ sport & !y inquire no fur!r4 ,! philosophy ( ^! p is ! prevail+ philosophy3 8,d n exam9e bel[ ! surface1 or y are b\nd to f9d some?+ disagreeable4 ,take ?+s z !y come2 skim ! cream (f ! top2 avoid t :i* is unpleasant or difficult to expla92 & above all ?+s1 d :at o!rs d40 ,ya*t+1 :i* also runs away ) a great deal ( money1 comes "u a v diff]5t category4 ,x is a heal?-giv+ & (t5 /r5u\s occupation1 & ! seam5 employ$ are1 anyh[1 d]iv+ incid5tally "s positive b5efit f ! life !y lead4 ,nev]!less1 out ( ! #dfee private ya*ts regi/]$ 9 ! curr5t ye> 7an increase ( ov] #cejj 9 ! la/ =ty ye>s71#h only a v small proportion are actually navigat$ by own]s :o h any k or love ( seaman%ip4 ,! great majority are float+ h\ses ( luxury 7viz4 a #gjj-ton /eam ya*t1 = :i* #be a day is paid = coal :5 9 use71 or rac+ ya*ts1 m]e toys us$ to m9i/] to ! fanciful pleasures ( ! ri*4 ,b 9 express+ ! /ronge/ disapproval ( ^! excessive luxuries1 x is n = a mom5t sugge/$ t p %\ld ru% into ! opposite extreme--live 9 discom=t & adopt ! craze = 8! simple life10 :i* is only an inv]t$ =m ( vanity & o/5tation4 ,!re are _m ( ! less] luxuries :i* give great pleasure & suffici5t hone/ gratification to ju/ify _! exi/5ce4 ,!re may ev5 be "s reluctance 9 condemn+ extravagance1 because ! nature ( ! extravagant man is f> pref]able to ! economical & cauti\s disposition :i* sometimes s9ks into nigg>dly meanness4 ,moreov]1 any attempt at excessive re/rictions & unnecess>ily h>% discipl9e 9 ! upbr++ ( *ildr5 inv>iably leads to a viol5t reaction 9 ! direction ( pr(ligacy & extravagance4 ,let human nature be all[$ free play 9 all directions2 b x is n tak+ up ! attitude ( an ascetic or ( a prig to condemn unhesitat+ly unnatural excesses1 reckless lic5ce1 ! extremes ( self-indulg5ce & gre$1 ! ex]cise ( :i* by "s few involves ! neglect1 mis]y1 & ru9 ( s _m o!rs4 ,?ieves :5 !y /eal use viol5ce & are pron\nc$ enemies ( society4 ,^! few p1 by a sil5t conspiracy 9 :i* we all seem to acquiesce1 are also /eal+ & are equally enemies ( society4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,! ri* man's *>ities--,8 g5]osity--,8 hospitality--,8 l&--,! ,feudal ,sy/em--,8 responsibilities--,! agricultural problem4 ,we mu/ n[ turn f :at ! ri* man sp5ds on himself & consid] :at good & :at h>m he does by 8 subscriptions & donations to philan?ropic & *>itable objects4 ,9 s f> z he himself is conc]n$ ^! gifts d n involve any elem5t ( p]sonal sacrifice2 ! moral b5efit :i* is by way ( fall+ on a giv] is !re=e nil4 ,! ex]tion ( writ+ a *eque or bank]'s ord] & ! satisfaction ( impos+ a tax on himself complete ! transaction on 8 side4 ,occasionally ! sight ( 8 "n publi%$ at ! head ( a li/ ) a l>ge figure next x gives him a fur!r agreeable s5sation1 & he c become fam\s z a h\sehold ^w ( g5]\s philan?ropy )\t ! v smalle/ p]sonal inconv5i5ce4 ,b z an in/ance ( pure *>ity--t is1 lov+ sacrifice--! poor woman :o gives a p5ny f h] meagre /ore is on an entirely diff]5t plane4 ,! picture pres5ts itself to ! pres5t writ] ( a woman at ! doorway ( a wret*$ t5em5t1 ) h] *ild 9 h] arms1 giv+ to a pass+ vagrant :o 0 suff]+ f hung] & fatigue a p5ny f ! few co9s %e _h 9 h] purse4 ,! expression ( h] face z %e h&$ him ! money 0 ! mo/ sublime illum9ation ( pure *>ity--no subscription li/ 9 ! newspap]s1 no public recognition1 & ! sacrifice1 n ( luxuries1 b ( some?+ t %e & h] baby ne$$4 ,t some?+ w5t ) h] p5ny1 & 9 return %e receiv$ some?+ else = :i* !re is no price1 no "n1 & no description4 ,f su* an exp]i5ce z ?is ! ri* are = ev] cut (f4 8,probably ! mo/ g5]\s p 9 ! _w10 says ,j4 ,d4 ,rockefell]1 p]haps realis+ t *>ity is some?+ he c nev] rea*1 8are ! v poor1 :o assume ea* o!r's burd5s 9 ! crises :i* come s (t5 to ! h>d press$40 ,! ri* man's s-call$ *>ity !re=e mu/ be to a l>ge ext5t me*anical & conv5tional4 ,he gives because o!rs ) ! same means give1 & ! *>ity t\ts "k h[ a li/ head$ by ,"l ,a4 ) a sub/antial sum w produce equally or p]haps ev5 m sub/antial sums f ,"l ,b41 ,sir4 ,c4 ,d41 ,ald]man ,e41 & ,mr4 ,f4 ,! extraction ( money f ! ri* is a bus9ess 9 itself1 requir+ consid]able skill1 & ! ri* are fleec$ f> m ?an !y realise4 ,9 practical ,am]ica !y take ! tr\ble to tea* p pr(essionally h[ to write :at !y call 8lett]s ( appeal40 ,:5 we he> ( subscriptions to *>ities be+ /opp$ x may s]ve to rem9d u t x is mo/ inexp$i5t t in/itutions su* z hospitals %\ld be at ! m]cy ( ! casual caprice ( ri* m54 ,no?+ c\ld ev5tually be m desirable ?an t e "o ( !m %\ld cut (f _! *>itable contributions4 ,x might entail a sev]e tempor>y %ock to ! funds ( *>itable in/itutions1 z ov] sev5 millions a ye> is be+ sp5t 9 ,london alone on *>ities1 b at ! same "t _m ill-manag$ & misdirect$ endeav\rs w\ld disappe>1 & ! ,/ate w\ld come to realise all ! soon] its responsibilities 9 respect to ! ma9t5ance ( really necess>y in/itutions = ! relief ( suff]+ & ! nurs+ ( ! sick1 9 ! same way z x is beg9n+ to recognise its duties t[>ds pov]ty1 old age1 & unemploym5t4 ,!re are o!r ent]prises :i* ! ,/ate %\ld und]take t are (t5 delay$ 9 _! in/itution ow+ to ! plea t ! private munific5ce ( ri* m5 c be dep5d$ ^u4 ,x is c]ta9ly bett] t ! funds %\ld be exp5d$ ?us ?an 9 %e] self-indulg5ce1 b x is evid5t t ! money w\ld be f> bett] sp5t & ! object on :i* x is sp5t bett] s]v$ if ! s\rce 7 n controll$ by ! :ims & fancies ( a s+le individual4 ,9 reg>d to ! m private & p]sonal aspects ( ! g5]osity attribut$ to ri*es3 8,surely10 a critic w say1 8if ! ri* man is b5evol5t & k9dly dispos$ he c 9 a hundr$ ?\ghtful ways help 8 poor] fri5ds by pres5ts1 by att5tion & timely help1 by op5+ ! doors ( 8 h\ses1 l5d+ 8 conveyances1 & %[+ _m o!r att5tions :i* 8 money all[s him to d1 !reby becom+ ju/ly popul> & a s\rce ( great good40 ,! admiration1 & j admiration1 = op5-h&$ g5]osity & ! ju/ifiable dislike ( any?+ approa*+ mis]l9ess 9 o!rs cause an entirely errone\s impression t l>ge gifts ( money mu/ unque/ionably be praisewor?y & comm5dable4 ,b ?is is n ! "q at issue4 ,^! are two moral qualities1 ! "o admirable1 ! o!r objectionable4 ,! g5]\s disposition c %[ itself 9 _m o!r ways besides money gifts1 & ! real man beh9d ! ri* man1 ?\gh he may be "o & ! same individual1 (t5 comes =w>d ) simple acts ( ?\ghtful k9dness because ! f9] qualities ( human nature _c be /ifl$ ev5 by money4 ,b 9 s f> z ! ri* man indulges 8 g5]osity 9 ?\ghtlessly giv+ away money broadca/1 x am\nts to a =m ( self-indulg5ce1 & he is di/9ctly to blame = n e/imat+ m precisely ! effect ( 8 actions4 ,no d\bt ! h>m ( unwise & fooli% actions is palliat$ by ! purity & excell5ce ( ! motive4 ,9 s f> z ^! p int5d to %[ k9dness !y are amply ju/ifi$ 9 :at !y d4 ,b let u consid] = a mom5t :at ! effect ( _! b5evol5ce is4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y are made to occupy an entirely false position z disp5s]s ( *>ity4 ,(t51 too1 ! desire to patronise & ga9 ! p[] t patronage gives blights ! _s ( g5u9e & unadult]at$ k9dness1 & fur!r1 ! recipi5ts are plac$ 9 ! extremely uncom=table & emb>rass+ situation ( receiv+ b5efits1 pres5ts1 & com=ts :i* !y "k !y are n & probably nev] w be 9 a position to return4 ,to =ce anyone to be "u a la/+ obligation is n ! mo/ likely way ( g5]at+ pure gratitude4 ,!re are _m :o refuse outright r ?an place !mselves 9 ?is position3 !re are "s :o take full advantage ( ! g5]osity &1 :at is commonly call$1 8sponge0 on _! b5efactors1 & if ! possessors ( abundance refuse ei!r f pr9ciple or out ( indiff]5ce to give freely !y are sev]ely blam$ & g5]ally reg>d$ z ung5]\s & /+y4 ,! virtues 7 once call$ to a banquet by 8! ,"l ( ,all40 ,!y talk$ & laugh$ & ea* "o knew ! o!r well1 b3 8,b5evol5ce & ,gratitude ,alone ( all seem$ /rang]s yet2 ,!y />$ :5 !y 7 introduc$1 ,on e>? !y nev] once _h met40#i ,9 fact1 ! :ole atmosph]e creat$1 n by an isolat$ gift :i* has co/ ! donor m ?an actual ca%1 b by ! habit ( doles1 b\nty1 & patronage is unheal?y & di/urb+ & ultimately und]m9es ! f\ndations ( natural human relations & mutual fri5d%ip4 ,an excuse w be s\ght = 9 ! plea t ! ex]cise ( hospitality is a duty p]=m$ by ! ri* ) "s success4 ,if ! hospitality ( ! ri* is ev] truly successful x is "h aga9 ! man1 & n 8 money1 t br+s ?is ab\t4 ,cr[ds ( gue/s at c\ntry h\ses or d9n] p>ties :o reg>d _! ho/ & ho/ess z no?+ m ?an innkeep]s or re/aurant proprietors are common en\gh1 & x is a well-kn[n exp$i5t = ^? :o are busy 8climb+0 7& _! "n is ,legion7 to use hospitality z a means ( gett+ hold ( ! 8"r p40 ,b ! small ga!r+ met toge!r 9 a common int]e/ & mutual reg>d to enjoy ! w>m+ int]c\rse ( fri5d%ip does n require ! accompanim5t ( a t5-c\rse d9n] nor ! surr\nd+s ( a va/ e/abli%m5t1 & is1 happily1 z easily )9 ! rea* ( ! poor] sections ( ! community z ( ! ri*4 ,money1 !re=e1 does n facilitate or elevate hospitality4 ,x manife/ly t5ds to l[] its quality & depreciate its value4 ,x may be argu$ fur!r 9 connection ) l>ge e/abli%m5ts & hospitality t c]ta9 noble traditions f\nd$ on an excusable pride ( family or race are to be f\nd atta*$ to ! great hi/oric e/abli%m5ts ( ! nobility4 ,!re is no great h>m 9 ?is s5tim5t & f ! ar*ological po9t ( view x has a c]ta9 attractive int]e/4 ,b x is too mu* = ! high nobility to expect t !y c cont9ue to c>ry on ^! traditions ?r\gh\t all "t1 pres]v+ ! habits & cu/oms ( pa/ ages 9 a _w t has *ang$ & w cont9ue to *ange4 ,no "o w qu>rel ) !m if !y ask t _! l9eage & family hi/ory %\ld be respect$1 b money w n help !m n[1 & :5 !y consid] !mselves entitl$ to adm9i/] autocratically _! millions 9 ord] to pres]ve _! pr9cely dignities1 !y are ask+ = privileges :i* ! mod]n economic ,/ate & ! gr[? ( democracy are e ye> %[+ m & m to be inconsi/5t ) good gov]nm5t & ! heal?y life ( ! p4 ,& (t5 by _! ri*es !y only succe$ 9 reproduc+ a some:at vulg> trave/y ( ! spl5d\r & di/9ction ( _! ance/ors 9 bygone ages4 ,! typical in/ance we are exam9+ has be5 describ$ z a l&lord :o owns villages & keeps 8 cottages c>efully repair$ 7?is1 we may note 9 pass+1 is n by any means ! inv>iable practice74 ,he disp5ses *>ity to ! villag]s ) op5-h&$ g5]osity1 provid+ ?\ghtfully ! sack ( coals 9 w9t]1 ! occasional p\nd ( tea1 ! knitt$ wai/coats = ! little boys1 ! sc>ves & hoods = ! little girls1 & :at c\ld be m idyllic ?an to see ! *ildr5 bobb+ curtsies & t\*+ _! caps to ! p f ! great h\se8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is %am feudalism is g5]ally upheld m by a love ( p[] & patronage ?an by k9dness ( he>t4 ,our l&lord is consci\sly pr\d ( hav+ p directly dep5d5t on him :om he c ord] accord+ to 8 w 7ev5 at election "t71 :om he c enri* or impov]i% z he judges "r1 & c remove f 8 cottages :5 !y d n please him4 ,if ! result is spick & span to ! eye & he is greet$ by smiles ( app>5t gratitude he feels1 & x is difficult to disillusion him1 t 8 me?ods are successful1 & he is induc$ to believe t 8 actions are ju/ifi$ & 8 pres5ce 9 ! community indisp5sable4 ,b :at k9d ( impression is 9 reality produc$ on ^? :o come "u 8 sway8 ,n gratitude1 because !y soon beg9 to reg>d 8 gifts z a natural "r1 & kn[+ t ! squire c easily af=d s mu*1 discont5t is likely to be r\s$ t he does n give m4 ,consequ5tly a :ole class ( p are reta9$ devoid ( all ! self-reliance & en]gy :i* indep5d5ce alone c give4 ,)\t _! be+ aw>e ( x1 ! yoke ( subjection is plac$ ^u !m "u ! guise ( b5efic5t *>ity1 weigh+ !m d[n1 creat+ 9 !m false habits ( cr++ subs]vi5ce1 & indef9itely po/pon+ ! day ( _! lib]ation4 ,! l&lord is n ! elect$ *ief ( a village community :om ! p c feel to be "o ( !mselves1 *os5 by !m & removable by !m4 ,"u su* circum/ances s]vice is no long] subs]vi5ce1 = congregations ( human be+s w always seek out _! lead]s1 organis]s1 manag]s1 or controll]s4 ,b ?is l&lord has impos$ himself ^u !m1 or is ! desc5dant ( "o :o impos$ himself on _! fa!rs1 :o took1 9 fact1 :at 0 once rightfully !irs1 enclos$ x or confiscat$ x4 ,to g no fur!r back ?an ! ,enclosure ,acts1 "o c note ! irrep>able wrongs t 7 !n committ$ by ^? :o _h ! political p[] 9 _! h&s4 ,ar?ur ,"y report$ 9 #ahja t 8by n9ete5 ,enclosure ,acts out ( tw5ty ! poor are injur$1 & 9 "s cases greatly injur$40 ,! prote/s made at ! "t 7 practically unhe$$ by an ari/ocracy too mu* absorb$ 9 mak+ its =tune to give a ?\ght to ! ru9 ( ! classes t 7 los+ _! little inh]itance 9 ! common fields or ! common wa/e4 ,we repeat1 ! l&lord has impos$ himself ^u !m2 ?is he c d1 & w cont9ue to d1 n because he is p>ticul>ly fitt$ by special tra9+ = ! adm9i/ration ( l&$ prop]ty1 nor ev5 because he has a /rong pref]5ce = ! pursuit ( agriculture1 b simply & solely because he has money4 ,to /ate 8 "o qualification = ! position he holds is q suffici5t to prove its fals5ess & absurdity4 ,9 ! argum5t we are foll[+ ! und]ly+ pr9ciple1 :i* might be call$ ! doctr9e ( human incapacity1 or m correctly1 p]haps1 ( human limitations1 becomes m evid5t ) reg>d to ! ri* man's l&$ prop]ty ?an 8 o!r possessions & inve/m5ts1 especially if we are incl9$ to believe t ! e>?'s surface & its m9]als1 by _! v nature1 l light1 air1 & wat]1 %\ld be "p ( ! common inh]itance ( man4 ,c an e/ate ( _m ?\s&s ( acres be develop$ & cultivat$ to its fulle/ ext5t 9 e corn] "u ! guidance ( "o individual1 :o1 ev5 ?\gh he may h exceptional k ( f>m+ & may use skill$ ag5ts1 is nev]!less conc]n$ ) _m o!r int]e/s :i* he desires to s]ve8 ,are !re any ( ! l>ge e/ates :i* c be po9t$ to z models8 ,are !re n r _m e/ates t s]ve z /rik+ in/ances ( ! failure ( ! sy/em8 ,are !re n acres ^u acres ( l& :i* might be yield+ great abundance1 real weal? = ! nation1 :i* are ei!r badly manag$1 neglect$1 left z wa/e1 or kept = sport+ purposes8 ,!re is no ne$ to m5tion ! build+ l& :i* is (t5 held up by !m until ! ef=ts ( ! local community h increas$ ! value suffici5tly to yield !m a sub/antial increm5t1 because ?is is a s\rce ( income & n an object on :i* !y sp5d money4 ,on agriculture !y d sp5d money1 & !y ask1 9 consequ5ce1 t ! own]%ip ( l& %\ld be recognis$ z 8an indu/ry40#aj ,!y ask1 8above all1 ! "r to select ! p]sons to be associat$ ) ! proprietor 9 8 cultivation ( ! soil40#aa ,! good l&lord :o is some?+ ( an agriculturi/ & devotes "t & tr\ble to 8 prop]ty is (t5 9 despair at 8 want ( success1 :i* he attributes to ! burd5s on l&1 to our fiscal sy/em1 or to ! incompet5ce ( ! agricultural lab\r]1 & he is always decl>+ 8 l& to be a dra9 on 8 weal? r ?an a s\rce ( income1 b nev] does x cross 8 m9d = an in/ant t possibly he himself is und]tak+ a task :i* is f> beyond 8 p[]s & t 8 pret5sions are q unju/ifiable4 ,! co-op]ation ( f>m]s or small hold]s work+ = ! quality ( :at !y produce & n = fill+ _! pockets & ext5d+ _! e/ates1 secure 9 _! indep5d5ce1 act+ sep>ately s f> z sep>ate action is conducive to good cultivation & co-op]at+ :5 unit$ action c produce bett] results1 ?is me?od1 z actually practis$ 9 ,d5m>k1 = in/ance1 mu/ obvi\sly be sup]ior bo? = ! l& & = ! p4 ,b ! deplorable lack ( sci5tific k1 ! unprogressive me?ods ( our f>m]s1 ! engra9$ read9ess to be controll$ by "s social sup]iors1 makes ! rapid ext5sion ( su* a sy/em impossible4 ,9 ! mean:ile we _c accept our ri* man's plea t z a l&lord1 ev5 z a good l&lord1 8 exp5diture is pr(itable4 ,x is n t he makes no?+ b mi/akes2 x is t he _c give suffici5t "t & att5tion to x2 x is t he is by nature incapable--an incapacity :i* he %>es ) e o!r mortal--( d]iv+ f 8 e/ate ( "s ?\s&s ( acres all t x c\ld produce4 ,x foll[s t 8 action 9 keep+ to himself l>ge tracts ( ?is unique =m ( prop]ty is depriv+ _m ( a means ( employm5t & c\ntless hundr$s ( ! enjoym5t ( ! fruits ( ! l&2 x is driv+ ! population f ! c\ntry di/ricts to ov]cr[d ! t[ns1 add to ! numb] ( ! unemploy$1 & swell ! volume ( crime4 ,! l& "q ) all its ramifications is p]haps ! mo/ complex & va/ ( ! _m subjects t are t\*$ by ! responsibility ( ri*es1 b x is "o t m completely ?an any o!r illu/rates ! argum5t1 & is ! be/ evid5ce ( ! limitation ( ! ri* man's p[]s4 ,9 no field ( human activity ought x to be tol]at$ t an entirely unfitt$ & untra9$ man %\ld be put at ! head ( s difficult & highly te*nical a bus9ess z ! managem5t ( l&4 ,:5 ?is occurs 9 comm]ce ! bus9ess collapses1 b 9 l& managem5t ! own] rema9s do+ untold damage & (t5 play+ ! ridicul\s "p ( a t]ritorial magnate or a petty mon>*1 to 8 own hurt & to ! h9drance ( 8 subjects4 ,an ,am]ican writ] mak+ a survey ( life 9 ,engl& to-day says1 8,:5 "o he>s1 & "o does he> x on e h&1 h[ poor are ,engli%m51 "o has 9 ?is l& "q "s explanation ( ! secret40#ab ,*apt] ,v ,! ri* man's *ildr5--,8 sons' education at s*ool & univ]sity--,8 daught]s--,love & m>riage--,ref9em5t ( ! ari/ocracy--,_! alliance ) ! plutocracy--,sm>t society--,its g5]al *>act]i/ics4 ,! natural desire ( e man is to d ! be/ he c = 8 *ildr51 & 9 ?is respect ! ri* man feels t 8 money is ( special advantage to him4 ,b are heal?y upbr++ & good education sup]ior 9 quality if !y are exp5sive8 ,! :ole tr\ble ) reg>d to ^! *ildr5 is compris$ 9 ! fact t !y "k !y are go+ to h money1 s t f ! e>lie/ age !y accept _! elevation f ! common h]d z a matt] ( c\rse1 & assume ! easy assurance & au?oritative mann] :i* always *>act]ises !m4 ,_! *ildhood !y sp5d gu>d$ by s]vants1 nurses1 gov]nesses1 & tutors1 (t5 )\t com+ mu* into p]sonal contact ) _! p>5ts or d]iv+ any b5efits f p>5tal c>e & affection1 ! /ronge/ ( all ! v>iety ( influ5ces 9 a man's life2 !y also h a m or less g5]al consci\sness t any?+ !y want c be _h = ! ask+4 ,! boys are s5t to public s*ools1 :]e !re are _m o!rs 9 a l position1 & :]e ! exp5se ( education is great] ?an 9 o!r s*ools1 & its quality r inf]ior4 ,"h !y are giv5 a vague notion ( anci5t ,jews1 ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 & ( ,engl& 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,b no?+ is taught !m ( contempor>y hi/ory1 ( ,engli% lit]ature1 or ( h[ _! own c\ntry is gov]n$ to-day1 nor is a mom5t f\nd dur+ ^? e>ly ye>s = a prelim9>y /udy ( political economy or "s elem5t>y exposition ( indu/rial & social problems1 ?\gh su* exposition w\ld be invaluable1 if only to impress on "y & acquisitive m9ds ! fact t su* problems exi/4 ,9 %ort1 ! _w !y are liv+ 9 is nev] expla9$ to !m4 ,&1 :atev] !y may le>n1 f />t to f9i% !y are assidu\sly kept 9 a groove :]e _! own class is repres5t$ to !m z ! pr$om9at+ & important section ( ! community1 :i* may expect s]vice b ne$ n r5d] x4 ,to d s*oolboys ju/ice1 h[ev]1 !y _c be accus$ ( be+ snobs4 ,!y c>e no?+ = rank or ri*es4 ,!y h _! own p>ticul> /&>d ( judg+ :o is 8a good *ap0 & :o is n1 & on ! :ole _! v]dict is %rewd & n unfair4 ,!y are apt to be ov]-sev]e aga9/ brea*es ( _! p>ticul> code1 & !y are v suspici\s ( any signs ( orig9ality4 ,x is 9 ?is direction t !y make _m s]i\s mi/akes4 ,b t a boy has a title is a matt] ( complete indiff]5ce to !m1 or :e!r or n he be ! son ( v ri* p>5ts is a matt] ab\t :i* !y w\ld n ?9k x wor? :ile to inquire4 ,no di/9ctions are made2 ! sons ( ! ri* mix ) _! s*ool-fell[s )\t be+ consci\s ( occupy+ any special position1 & _! s*ool-fell[s accept !m )\t ev5 kn[+ !y are ! sons ( ! ri*4 ,! h>m !y d q unconsci\sly is n ( an obvi\s k9d1 & its v subtilty prev5ts x f be+ recognis$4 ,!y !mselves "k :at ! future has 9 /ore = !m1 & x necess>ily affects _! attitude t[>ds s*ool "w & g5]al intellectual tra9+ = aft] life4 ,!y are call\s & indiff]5t z to education1 reg>d+ x n z an ess5tial prep>ation = _! life's "w1 b z a t$i\s ex]cise :i* has to be gone ?r\gh1 & 9 :i* !y are assi/$ by ! natural curiosity ( y\? & an in/9ctive dislike ( ignorance4 ,if !y are popul> ?is view1 accompani$ by a c]ta9 am\nt ( swagg] & a pref]5ce = & (t5 a pr(ici5cy 9 games & sport1 gives !m a position :i* is di/9ctly attractive to ! boy m9d1 & _! influ5ce spreads v rapidly among ^? :o 9 aft] life h got to "w = _! livelihood4 ,9 ^? s*ools :]e !re is no di/urb+ elem5t emanat+ f ! pres5ce ( ri* leisur$ boys ! /&>d ( effici5t "w--n e/imat$ by ! measure ( worldly success :i* titles & position af=d--w be f\nd to be high] ?an 9 ! few s*ools :i* lay !mselves out to receive ?is class ( boy4 ,x is n to be inf]r$ t ! ri* man's son nev] has suffici5t ability &1 inde$1 indu/ry to di/+ui% himself 9 ! intellectual field4 ,b x is ! influ5ce & example ( ^? :o h be5 br\ght up f _! e>lie/ *ildhood kn[+ t !y h n to "w 9 ord] to live1 t creates an atmosph]e :i* mu/ be unfav\rable to ! tra9+ ( boys = :om life is n to be "o prolong$ holiday4 ,at ! univ]sity ! sup]iority ( ! position ( ri*] boys is fir/ ackn[l$g$4 ,!y are free to sp5d _! money & make ! display1 9 "o direction or ano!r1 :i* is to di/+ui% !m f _! fell[s = ! re/ ( _! lives1 & recruits = _! b& ( toadies & tuft-hunt]s beg9 to enli/4 ,%\ld !y n be completely indep5d5t ! "q ( ! *oice ( a pr(ession has to be discuss$1 & is almo/ inv>iably reg>d$ purely f ! monet>y po9t ( view ( pay & sal>y4 ,_m ei!r ent] pr(essions :i* !y all[ to occupy v little ( _! "t or h no pr(ession at all1 & _! incomes preclude !m f d]iv+ any ( ! unque/ionable advantages ( pr(essional tra9+ & discipl9e1 )\t :i* no man c be expect$ to cultivate ! tal5ts he may possess1 or acquire k & exp]i5ce :i* might make him a useful associate 9 ! g5]al activity ( ! community he lives 94 ,we w n enl>ge on ! sort ( life !y lead--! unreliev$ pursuit ( enjoym5t1 ! ,london season1 ! c\ntry h\se p>ties1 ! race meet+s1 ! %oot+ & hunt+1 ! visit to ! ,cont95tal wat]+-place to recov] f ! fatigues be=e />t+ aga91 & s on & s on4 ,x is suffici5t to "k t !y contribute z little z possible to & extract z mu* z !y c f ! g5]al fund ( national weal?4 ,! girls mean:ile receive h>dly any real education at all1 except 9 ! k ( ! little _w :i* !y are taught to believe is ! :ole _w1 & )9 ! walls ( :i* !y are probably de/9$ to sp5d ! rema9d] ( _! days4 ,! mom5t ( 8com+ out0 is held be=e !m z ! "o ?+ to look =w>d to4 ,& :5 ! long$-= day arrives1 x is only ! signal = ! comm5cem5t ( an exhau/+ r\nd ( pleasures sanction$ by _! society & repres5t$ to !m z be+ ! "o absorb+ bus9ess ( life4 ,x is only *>itable to accuse !m ( be+ un$ucat$1 o!rwise x w\ld be h>d to expla9 psy*ologically ! attitude ( m9d1 ( *e]ful acceptance ( ! fate 9 /ore = !m in/ead ( rebellion aga9/ x4 ,if1 9 r>e cases1 !y attempt to foll[ a l9e ( _! own & jo9 ! pr(essional class1 e conceivable ob/acle is put 9 _! way1 & ! prejudice aga9/ "w :i* is n ! bus9ess ( 8a lady0 is g5]ally /rong en\gh to drive !m back into ! smoo? groove ( leisure4 ,n infrequ5tly ?is fatal obligatory idl5ess cru%es ! _s out ( !m4 ,9 lat] ye>s love & m>riage1 difficult en\gh problems = anyone1 h additional sn>es & pitfalls = ! *ildr5 ( ! ri*4 ,x is true t ! ri* man c m>ry ! p5niless girl to :om he is devot$1 & ! ri* girl c accept ! man :o is /ruggl+ = a liv+4 ,b ! f> m frequ5t occurr5ce is = ! ri* girl to be captur$ by ! man :o wants h] money1 & = ! ri* man to be entrapp$ by ! ambiti\s "m :o wants 8 weal? = h] daught]4 ,n ev5 exp]i5ce tea*es4 ,in/ances c\ld be giv5 ( wom5 :o h m>ri$ = money1 & ?\gh e page ( _! life has taught !m ! folly ( ?is irrep>able /ep1 yet !y refuse to le>n4 ,!y sp5d _! lat] life 9 arrang+ m>riages at all co/s ) ri* m5 = _! daught]s1 plac+ insurm\ntable ob/acles 9 _! way if !y attempt m>riages on mod]ate means1 :i* mu/ entail _! dropp+ out f ! ranks ( ! select4 ,s x is t "h aga9 money1 f> f assi/+1 imp$es & ev5 /ifles ! natural pref]5ces ( human affections1 & ! av]age ( un=tunate & disa/r\s unions is f> high] among ! ri* ?an 9 any o!r class4 ,"s p are apt to believe t ! society sc&als :i* af=d s mu* mat]ial = newspap] reports & gossip give an unfair impression ( ! frequ5cy ( ^! disa/]s1 :i* !y ma9ta9 arise j z (t5 9 o!r classes ( society1 b are n z widely report$4 ,?is is n ! case4 ,9 ! middle & l[] pr(essional classes1 :]e m>riages h be5 contract$ by p>ties free to ex]cise _! natural *oice & :]e lives are fill$ ) "w & occupation1 sc&als ( ?is description are v r>e4 ,x is 9 ! class :]e1 z we h %[n1 ! p[] to select is re/rict$ & di/ort$1 :]e life itself det]iorates into prolong$ idl5ess & self-indulg5ce & ! natural obligations ( mo!rhood are disreg>d$ & %irk$1 & x is also at ! v bottom ( ! scale1 :]e vice & degradation produc$ by want eng5d] brutality1 :]e1 9 fact1 !re is too mu* & :]e !re is too little1 9 ! scum & 9 ! s$im5t1 t m>ri$ life becomes mo/ frequ5tly intol]able4 ,a critic may n[ beg9 to insi/ t x is all v well to condemn ! l>ge s]vile e/abli%m5ts1 futile luxuries1 defective education1 & fooli% m>riages z ! outcome ( ri*es1 b t1 tak+ !m z a :ole1 ! class t h ! assur$ possession ( weal? are sup]ior 9 ! ref9em5ts ( m9d & body to ! l[] classes1 & t z y g high] 9 ! scale ( society ! proportion ( m5tal & physical excell5ce gradually increases4 ,! v use ( ! words high & l[ %[s h[ completely ! money /&>d is accept$ sociologically4 ,if y h money y are high-class1 if y h n money y are l[-class4 ,?\gh pov]ty may militate aga9/ ref9em5t1 h ri*es any?+ to d ) x8 ,! two pr9cipal effects t ri*es ex]cise on "* are ei!r to weak5 x into effet5ess or debase x into co>s5ess4 ,our ari/ocracy1 = in/ance1 s long z !y 7 occupi$ ) fight+ or ) ! responsibilities ( gov]nm5t--s long1 9 fact1 z !y _h "s bus9ess ( _! own--pres]v$ a c]ta9 di/9ction1 & by a c>eful process ( selection & int]m>riage1 avoid$ any co>s5+ ( _! bre$4 ,?is1 = a "t1 may h end[$ !m ) a c]ta9 high av]age ( ref9em5t ( mann] & ta/es4 ,b :5 by ! *anges 9 our sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & lat] by ! rise ( democracy1 t is ! great mass ( ! p awak5+ to a consci\sness ( _! own exi/5ce1 ! ari/ocracy became m & m cut (f f national s]vices & _h rec\rse to leisur$ lives ( unemploym5t & pleasure1 ! *>act]i/ics ( effet5ess & :at ! ,fr5* call f9 de race began to %[ !mselves4 ,9 _m cases d[nright impov]i%m5t ov]took ^? :o _h squ&]$ _! incomes on unpr(itable amusem5t & /upid dissipation1 till at la/ !y seem to h come to a det]m9ation to rehabilitate _! position & re9=ce _! ca/e by means ( comm]cial & ,am]ican money4 ,! plutocracy ga9$ gr\nd imm5sely by ! absorption 9 its ranks ( anci5t families & long g5ealogies1 & ! ari/ocracy became increas+ly ta9t$ ) commonness1 los+ its di/9ction & sub/itut+ = x o/5tation1 vulg>ity1 & ! appreciation ( money = its own sake4 ,!y d]iv$ no advantage physiologically 9 ! %ape ( heal? & vig\r :i* any alliance ) ! poor] class might h giv5 !m4 ,s f> f any?+ 9 all ?is indicat+ t money produces ref9em5t1 ! exact opposite is prov$4 ,t a full compet5ce enables a man to appreciate ! ref9em5ts ( life is1 aft] all1 :at we are do+ our be/ to %[2 b ri*es--t is to say1 any?+ beyond ! compet5ce--c only act z a fatal imp$im5t ev5 to ?is4 ,:atev] ref9em5t !re may be 9 ! upp] classes is only a survival1 an elem5t t is n be+ pres]v$1 b is rapidly wan+4 ,_! g5]al disposition & influ5ce is a s\rce ( anxiety to _m :o are wat*+ ! signs ( ! times ) att5tion4 ,a rec5t article 9 ! ,national ,review s\nd$ a grave note ( w>n+4 8,inh]it$ vitality ( race10 said ! writ]1 8:i* upp]-class wom5 /ill pres]ve until !y dissipate x 9 keep+ up ) ! procession1 is fritt]$ away by p>5tal irresponsibility1 (t5 comm5c+ be=e bir?1 & by ! ev]-increas+ excitem5t1 re/lessness1 & luxury ( our g5]ation4444 ,gre$ ( money is unblu%+1 & p]haps mo/ %ameless among/ mo!rs & daught]s4444 ,plutocracy & vanity are 9 possession40 ,out ( su* poor /uff1 he concludes1 no man ( "* or ability c come =w>d 9 public life4 ,ano!r significant result ( ! k9d ( life ( cont9ual excitem5t1 con/ant *ange1 comb9$ ) s5su\s ease1 l$ by ^! p1 is ! noticeably decl9+ bir?-rate among ^? :o are well (f4 ,x is n wor? :ile "h to ent] into a diatribe aga9/ ! habits & cu/oms1 ! fa%ions & fancies1 ( :at is kn[n z ,sm>t ,society1 :i* is ! g5]al aggregate ( p ( afflu5ce2 or attempt to describe ! v>i\s sets1 ! life /ruggle = ^? 9 "o grade to lift !mselves into :at !y ?9k a high] & sm>t] grade2 ! necess>y qualifications to ent] ?is society2 ! wild & ceaseless hung] = excitem5t & amusem5t :i* prev5ts any "t be+ all[$ = reflection1 read+1 or ev5 ord]$ ?\ght2 ! cynical & inane quality ( ! int]c\rse2 ! endless gossip2 ! contempt = any?+ t is consid]$ d[dy2 ! accept$ l[ level ( morality & network ( irregul> relation%ips2 ! snobbi%ness1 ! artificiality1 ! want ( education2 9 fact1 all ! l[ /&>d ( liv+ d[n to :i* any set ( human be+s is b\nd to fall if ! key-note ( _! exi/5ce is idl5ess & ! f\ndation ( _! position is money4 ,!y are fright5$ ( ?\ght because x might plunge !m into desp]ation1 !y are fright5$ ( k because x might dispel _! de>e/ illusions1 !y are fright5$ ( "w because x might reveal _! incompet5ce1 !y are fright5$ ( progress because x may %att] _! citadel4 ,"o w\ld h imag9$ t ! s-call$ sport+ in/9ct :i* we are s pr\d ( nurtur+ 9 our public s*ools & ! _s ( fair play w\ld h made m5 a%am$ to cont9ue to lead lives solely & sy/ematically devot$ to extravagance & selfi% enjoym5t :ile s _m ( _! fell[-m5 are condemn$ to ! dismal exi/5ce ( toil & squalor1 ev5 if !y refus$ to admit t ! "o influ5c$ ! o!r4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 p 9 ?is society :o endeav\r1 m or less successfully1 to /& up aga9/ ! drift ( fa%ion & are consci\s ( ! fals5ess ( _! privileg$ position1 b !y are exceptional4 ,x appe>s to be impossible = ! v great majority to get ! delusion out ( _! heads t1 by p5sions & doles1 & *>ities & patronage1 & pres5ts ( game & subscriptions1 & ! employm5t ( p 9 s5seless occupations1 !y are do+ all t c be expect$ ( !m to help 8! l[] ord]s40 ,if 9 all ?is luxury !re 7 "s trace ( spl5d\r or magnific5ce1 if art1 lit]ature1 or music 7 g5]\sly patronis$1 & beauty & good ta/e appreciat$1 "s slight ju/ification or excuse = x might be f\nd4 ,! ri* magnates ( ,r5aissance ,italy or eighte5?-c5tury ,france _h1 on ! :ole1 a fav\rable ?\gh caprici\s influ5ce on art & lit]ature4 ,b ! ri* magnates ( tw5tie?-c5tury ,engl& are *iefly not$ = ! deplorable vulg>ity ( _! ta/e & _! ignorance ( ! be/ works 9 pa9t+1 lit]ature1 & music4 ,at ! be/1 "s few ( !m are collectors1 & if ev] !y seek ! advice ( exp]ts to e/abli% "s p]man5t me?od = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! arts1 too (t5 _! motive is n any pr(\nd rev]5ce = arti/ic beauty1 b ! spuri\s fame or titul> di/9ctions !y c ga9 by ?is means4 ,! private collections !y =m are r>ely exhibit$1 & be+ )held f ! public view & f popul> appreciation1 ! true function ( ^! great works ( art is almo/ nullifi$4 ,tak+ x z a :ole1 ! mann] ( liv+ ( ?is set ( p w\ld n be wor? a mom5t's att5tion 7 x n t human be+s are be+ sacrific$ & tal5ts & capacity pro/itut$1 & t ! example set by ^! few is assidu\sly /udi$ & foll[$ by a l>ge section ( ! population :o aspire to associate ) ^? ( high] rank & great] weal?4 ,s x is t special notice is tak5 ( all !y d2 ! limelight is turn$ full ^u !m1 & no?+ c surpass ! s]vility ( t section ( ! public press t rec\nts ! do+s ( ^! p>asites1 describ+ ) int5se solemnity _! ent]ta9m5ts & _! hunt+ & %oot+ exploits1 & giv+ emb>rass+ly intimate episodes f _! private lives = public consumption4 ,by publi%+ broadca/ ^! allur+ pictures x attempts to glorify _! pr(itless & empty exi/5ce4 ,f "t to "t1 9 %e] exasp]ation at ! s5selessness ( x all1 m5 come =w>d & inveigh aga9/ society life2 b n only does ?is n make ! v smalle/ impression1 b ! objects ( _! invective enjoy abuse & ?rive on ! adv]tisem5t x gives !m4 ,! life ( ?is society repres5ts ! outw>d & visible expression ( all ! v>i\s contributory elem5ts we h be5 try+ to analyse2 x has1 !re=e1 be5 necess>y to allude to x 9 ord] to give "s g5]al notion ( ! way _m ( ! ri* live4 ,& x is done 9 no cavill+ or ph>isaical _s1 b ) ! ke5 desire to expose a /ate ( social corruption :i* c only be correct$ 9 ! long run by be+ br\ght fully into ! light4 ,! beauty1 ! sm>tness1 & ! brilliancy on ! surface1 l ! fl[]s & lights & jewels ( _! ent]ta9m5ts1 produce an attractive glam\r & pres5t an allur+ picture = ^? :o _c see fur!r beh9d ! sc5es1 & =m "o ( ! *ief inducem5ts = money-mak+ & = cont9u+ ! fight = mat]ial ga94 ,*apt] ,,vi ,! ri* man z a bus9ess man--,! conduct ( a successful bus9ess--,money-mak+ ! inc5tive--,money no measure ( m]it or wor? 9 m5--,or 9 works ( art--,f9anci]s--,! p[] ( money--,imp]ialism--,political p[]--,exp]im5ts ( millionaires--,gifts--,money adm9i/]$ by corporations or ! ,/ate4 ,s f> ! type *os5 has be5 t ( an ari/ocratic l&$ proprietor4 ,b ari/ocrats & l&[n]s are n all ri* m51 nor are all ri* m5 ari/ocrats or l&$ proprietors4 ,a l>ge proportion are bus9ess m5 :o h made or are mak+ _! =tunes ?r\gh "s comm]cial und]tak+ or f successful speculations4 ,once ! bus9ess man has succe$$ he is pretty sure to buy an e/ate1 b !re are _m ri* m5 :o d n claim to be engag$ 9 ! 8indu/ry0 ( l& proprietor%ip4 ,9 ! argum5t we h to meet "h x is claim$ = money t x is ! ma9spr+ ( initiative & ent]prise 9 comm]ce1 & is ! j rew>d ( skilful managem5t & bus9ess ability4 ,b be=e proce$+ let u rememb] once m ! ma9 premises ( our cont5tion4 ,x may be z undesirable z x is impracticable to elim9ate ! und\bt$ inc5tive :i* ! desire = m money creates4 ,b x c be curb$ be=e x rea*es an exagg]at$ extreme1 & x c be rationalis$ once p und]/& t great ri*es are no real rew>d1 only mean excessive burd51 d n m9i/] to human happ9ess1 & impose a responsibility :i* no liv+ be+ is capable ( dis*>g+4 ,9 ! comm]cial _w x is evid5t en\gh t ! money-mak+ ideal is f> /rong] & pr$om9ates ov] ! ideal ( secur+ p]fection 9 production1 :i* implies a pr\d ambition to produce ! be/ goods "u ! be/ possible conditions4 ,9 ! conflict betwe5 ^! two ideals is precisely :]e ! dang] lies4 ,tricks su* z ext5sive & s5sational adv]tisem5t & unscrupul\s pu%+ are1 z we all "k1 m fav\r$ ?an ! sl[]1 m labori\s1 & less c]ta9 exp$i5ts ( cont9ually improv+ ! me?ods ( production & conditions ( lab\r4 ,_m a =tune has be5 made 9 ! va/ expansion ( a conc]n f> beyond its intr9sic m]its simply by means ( adv]tisem5t4 ,! inc5tive 9 su* a case is solely money-mak+4 ,! tal5ts requir$ are ^? ( an inf]ior ord]1 su* z a/ute bus9ess capacity & cunn+4 ,s f>1 !re=e1 z money-mak+ is ! ideal1 x is nei!r to ! advantage ( ! bus9ess nor to ! advantage ( ! community1 :o are ! consum]s ( :atev] commodity ! bus9ess turns out1 any m ?an x is to ! ultimate advantage1 z already %[n1 ( ! man :o enri*es himself4 ,! ambition ( heads ( firms to enri* !mselves p]sonally con/itutes1 9 fact1 ! *ief det]r5t to p]man5tly successful comm]cial ent]prise4 ,a fur!r /ep is made 9 ! wrong direction :5 ! f\nd] ( a ?riv+ bus9ess1 hav+ made 8 =tune & e/abli%$ ! reputation ( 8 firm1 has 8 son or successor educat$ at a public s*ool & univ]sity1 :]e he may le>n ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! leisur$ classes4 ,! result is t :5 ! successor1 :o has n receiv$ a special te*nical bus9ess tra9+ & is !re=e q unfitt$ to keep abrea/ ( ! acute competition :i* he f9ds 9 ! comm]cial _w ar\nd him1 takes ov] ! bus9ess1 x rapidly det]iorates1 9 spite ( ! abortive ef=ts ( ! new head1 :o probably ?9ks t by m]e exp5diture ( money ! situation c be sav$4 ,9 in/ances su* z ^! no def5ce c be made = ! accumulation ( capital 9 ! h&s ( individuals4 ,b let u take a bett] type4 ,a man by 8 en]gy & indu/ry creates a successful bus9ess4 ,z 8 =tune gr[s he makes no diff]5ce 9 8 private life beyond t :i* 8 increas+ obligations absolutely necessitate4 ,he judici\sly s9ks ! great] "p ( 8 pr(its 9 8 bus9ess 9 ord] to improve x cont9ually 9 all its bran*es4 ,he makes 8 son or successor g ?r\gh ! mill1 educat+ him himself te*nically 9 e process connect$ ) ! "w s t 9 8 turn he w be ?or\ghly fitt$ to conduct ! conc]n 9 ! same progressive _s4 ,?is case1 :]e a man has resi/$ ! temptation ( tak+ full p]sonal advantage ( 8 ri*es to1 :at is call$1 8lift0 himself into ano!r sph]e ( society & consort ) a diff]5t &1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ say 8high]0 class1 is n common4 ,he has1 s to speak1 id5tifi$ himself ) 8 "w1 absorb$ himself 9 its cont9u\s effici5cy1 &1 9 fact1 v prop]ly treats 8 weal? z a tru/ creat$ by ^? :o are work+ = him & also by ^? :o are consum+ 8 produce1 & he !re=e returns x to !m 9 ! %ape ( m fav\rable conditions = 8 work]s & improvem5ts 9 ma*9]y & me?ods ( production1 :i* p]mit a bett] & *eap] article to be deliv]$ to ! consum]4 ,! dang] 9 ?is is n connect$ ) ! conduct ( ! man himself1 b x lies 9 ! fact t ?is admirable mann] ( conduct+ ! bus9ess & deal+ ) ! pr(its dep5ds solely on ! "o individual w4 ,!re is no security or gu>antee t 8 successor w see fit to behave 9 ! same way4 ,! money1 be+ 9 individual h&s1 w soon] or lat] fall into ! less wor?y grasp ( a man ^: int]e/ 9 ! bus9ess is insignificant comp>$ ) 8 desire to cut a figure ( importance by means ( 8 ri*es4 ,our ideal manufactur] is n treat+ ! money or sp5d+ x z if x 7 8 own4 ,b nev]!less x is 8 own to dispose (1 & he w leave 8 l>ge pr(its to a successor on ^: :im & fancy ! responsibility ( _! adm9i/ration aga9 re/s4 ,!re is no reason :y he %\ld n raise himself into ano!r plane &1 aft] resign+ ! managem5t ( 8 bus9ess to o!r h&s1 ext5d 8 activities 9 ano!r direction & a*ieve fur!r success4 ,= ! few1 h[ev]1 :o by =ce ( "* & exceptional ability are able to rise to ! level ( _! new circum/ances1 !re are _m m :o1 simply tak+ advantage ( _! ri*es1 ab&on "o =m ( activity1 :i* 0 useful & 9 :i* !y excell$1 = ! sake ( associat+ !mselves ) a leisur$1 ease-lov+1 arid society to :i* !y d n naturally belong & :i* !y _h be5 wis] to avoid4 ,!re are _m m5 :o c /& up aga9/ adv]sity1 b x requires a "* ( great dep? & =ce to keep its balance aga9/ success4 ,ackn[l$g$ worldly success = :i* full cr$it is giv5 publicly is n necess>ily a*iev$ by ! ex]cise ( sup]ior intellectual or bus9ess ability1 b c be obta9$1 j z titles & hon\rs1 by ! judici\s exp5diture ( money4 ,x naturally appeals /rongly to p :o l appreciation & applause1 & aft] all1 :o does n8 ,b ! wor? ( a man c no m be e/imat$ by 8 money value ?an ! wor? ( an article4 ,! doctor :o *>ges a high fee is n ipso facto a good doctor1 b _m ( !m are a/ute en\gh to see t by rais+ _! fee !y c enhance _! reputation1 s easily gullible d !y "k _! ri* pati5ts to be4 ,! same ) lawy]s1 :o trade on ! folly ( ^? :o c af=d ! luxury ( litigation4 ,?is exp5sive sy/em reacts ^u ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 because x means t 9 ! majority ( cases x is only ! ri* :o c secure ! be/ legal skill = _! def5ce 9 ! c\rts4 ,?us ev5 our boa/$ equality be=e ! law is n immune f ?is univ]sal disease4 ,9 ! sci5tific & creative _w great a*ievem5ts receive next to no recomp5se & (t5 only v t>dy recognition4 ,great s]vices & great m]it h no price3 a gift ( money is no rew>d = ! man :o has exp]i5c$ ! ine/imable satisfaction ( real a*ievem5t unless x is to prev5t 8 fall+ into p5ury4 ,public op9ion is q unable to judge true m]it1 s high fees1 huge sal>ies1 grants1 & fabul\s prices are res]v$ = ^? be+s & ^? ?+s to :i* fa%ion & popul> clam\r po9t at ! mom5t4 ,an ,italian old ma/] :i* fifty ye>s ago c\ld be b\ght = fifty p\nds or s w n[ fet* z _m hundr$s or ev5 ?\s&s4 ,a mezzot9t :i* a few ye>s back co/ a trifl+ sum c n[ be sold = fifty times ! am\nt4 ,s x is ) all objets d'art1 plate1 or furniture4 ,! price does n repres5t value nor dem&1 b ! pass+ fancy ( ri* collectors :o set ! fa%ion ( ! day :i* !y & ! deal]s create among !mselves )\t ref]5ce to arti/ic m]it or good ta/e1 or ev5 popul> appreciation4 ,by ! fabul\s prices :i* n[adays are ask$ & giv5 "s e/imate c be made ( ! res\rces ( ^? :o h got ^! va/ sums to play )4 ,s t ev5 9 ! pur*ase ( works ( art1 :i* ne$ n be class$ z luxuries1 = !y c be 9 ! highe/ s5se remun]ative1 an ev]-increas+ am\nt ( money is absolutely wa/$ 9 speculation & gambl+4 ,to ma9ta9 ! supremacy ( money z a /&>d1 z a te/1 z a rew>d1 & z an inc5tive1 we h a :ole body ( pr(essions exclusively devot$ to ! mak+ ( x = !mselves & = u )\t our hav+ ! ex]tion ( work+ = x4 ,& yet !y & _! army ( cl]ks h to slave 9 _! (fices1 l5d+1 borr[+1 brok+1 speculat+1 gambl+1 company-promot+1 con/ruct+ syndicates1 creat+ tru/s & comb9es1 occupi$ ) all ! complicat$ & involv$ tricks ( a trade :i* ( all trades is ! mo/ tricky4 ,!y mu/ n be too nice or too scrupul\s4 ,!y mu/ suppress any incl9ation !y might naturally h to be s5sitive or p>ticul>4 ,!y are occupi$ l>gely 9 try+ secretly to get ! bett] ( someone else or sometimes 9 manipulations ( a dubi\s1 or p]haps we ought to say my/]i\s nature1 & _! pr(ession1 :i* is av[$ly & exclusively to make money at all co/s1 mu/ ( necessity ca/ "s blight on _! lives & *>act]s4 ,an increas+ly l>ge %>e ( ! weal? ( ! mod]n _w falls into ! h&s ( /ock-brok]s1 company-promot]s1 & o!r f9anci]s1 :o are ! high prie/s ( money4 ,su* is _! p[] 9 controll+ ! money m>ket1 manipulat+ prices1 & direct+ gambl+ op]ations on ! /ock ex*ange t !y gradually come to occupy ! place ( gov]nm5t n only 9 ! _w ( f9ance1 b 9 ! indu/rial _w & ev5 to "s ext5t 9 ! _w ( politics4 ,! l>ge body ( ord9>y inve/ors & speculators are completely at _! m]cy1 = only a v few c pret5d to ma/] or foll[ ! intricacies ( ?is highly elaborat$ sy/em :i* ! l>ge f9anci]s h set up l a huge web to cat* all contributions com+ f ! inve/m5ts & sav+s ( ! g5]al public4 ,b ! g5]al bus9ess ( private f9ance is ! imm$iate conc]n ( e man1 & x is c]ta9ly ! subject ab\t :i* mo/ p ?9k !y "k some?+ & _m p "k a good deal4 ,my/]y p]vades x4 ,a man w tell y 8 pr(essional exp]i5ces1 he w ev5 confide to y 8 dome/ic c>es & 8 moral del9qu5cies1 8 religi\s views he is ready to lay b>e be=e y4 ,b on 8 f9ancial affairs he w be sil5t1 & no "o w\ld dream ( committ+ ! indiscretion ( que/ion+ him on s delicate & sacr$ a topic4 ,little or no?+ is kn[n ( h[ a man comes by 8 money4 ,! indu/ry or ability he has display$ 9 mak+ 8 =tune is n :at is admir$1 b 8 actual ri*es4 ,x nev] occurs to p to inquire if or h[ a man has e>n$ 8 money1 all !y want to "k is if he has actually got x4 ,sett+ aside self-indulg5ce1 ! *ief pleasure ( ri*es is said to be ! enjoym5t ( ! p[] !y give4 ,?is p[]1 :i* we are try+ to prove is only a p[] = h>m1 is associat$ ) a s5se ( individual sup]iority4 ,:e!r 9 *>ity1 philan?ropy1 patronage1 or inve/m5t produc+ fur!r ga91 ! pr$om9ant exp]i5ce = ! individual is p]sonal triumph4 ,x is n unju/ to condemn ! appreciation ( p[] su* z ?is z a l[ =m ( pleasure n only = its pure selfi%ness1 b because triumph 9 ?is connection implies control ( o!r individuals & p[] to ga9 advantage at _! co/4 ,x is a =m ( self-glorification & exultation :i* simply means t to h weal? is to h ! :ip h&4 ,no "o hopes = or expects complete repression ( self1 b 9 any corporate action = a common object1 :]e !re is a c]ta9 necess>y self-repression1 ! satisfaction to ! individual is unque/ionably high] & pur]4 ,at any rate1 ! idealisation ( a p]sonal pre-em95ce & asc5dancy :i* is support$ on ! clay feet ( mat]ial possessions is idolatry ( ! mo/ dang]\s type4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 atta*$ to ! possession ( weal? ano!r sort ( p[] :i* is ev5 m dang]\s f ! public & national po9t ( view1 b :i* is valu$ & appreciat$ ev5 by ^? :o recognise t %e] h$onism defeats its own object4 ,x is ! pressure :i* capital c br+ to be> on ! ma*9]y ( gov]nm5t4 ,private comm]cial int]e/s c translate !mselves into political influ5ce bo? 9 p>ticul> con/itu5cies & nationally ?r\gh propag&a & ! ,press4 ,!y c fo/] ! ,imp]iali/ _s1 :i* may mean ! acquisition ( m t]ritory & ! op5+ out ( fre% m>kets = ! inve/m5t ( _! capital4 ,mean:ile ^! en?usia/ic ,imp]iali/s c pose z patriots1 al?\gh ! fur!r fill+ ( _! pockets1 & n ! nation's hon\r1 is _! objective4 8,! economic root ( ,imp]ialism10 says a mod]n economi/1#ac 8is ! desire ( /rong organis$ indu/rial & f9ancial int]e/s to secure & develop at ! public exp5se & by ! public =ce private m>kets = _! surplus goods & _! surplus capital4 ,w>1 milit>ism1 & a spirit$ =eign policy are ! necess>y means to ?is end40 ,imp]ialism1 :i* dep5ds on r\s+ ! pugnaci\s & combative in/9cts lat5t 9 any p by exagg]at+ int]national diff]5ces & jeal\sies1 is ! national expression1 "u ! guise ( patriotism1 ( ! desire = ga91 t]ritorial aggr&isem5t1 pr(it & enri*m5t4 ,x repres5ts ev]y?+1 9 fact1 t corresponds to ! love ( money-mak+ 9 ! individual4 ,!re is money ev5 to be got out ( arm+ y\r enemies1 & !re is no squeami%ness %[n ab\t inve/+ money 9 ?is way4 ,al?\gh brib]y c influ5ce votes & a few con/itu5cies c /ill be b\ght1 ! necessity ( be+ a man ( means 9 ord] to be admitt$ into active political life is happily a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! influ5ce ( ! capitali/ press1 run z x is n[1 *iefly z a f9ancial speculation1 has 9 lat] days gr[n to be a grave national p]il4 ,! p[] "h ex]cis$ is ( a v di/9ct & f>-rea*+ description4 ,! ambitions ( capitalism & ! dem&s ( %>ehold]s are int]pret$ z ! w ( ! p1 & ! wor/ in/9cts ( aggressive arrogance are trad$ ^u to produce at ! prop] mom5t ! sc>e or outbur/ ( j+oism2 at ! same "t1 8popul>0 prote/s c be artificially eng9e]$ to /& aga9/ any movem5t :i* is likely to int]f]e ) ! ambitions ( ! weal?y4 ,money1 !re=e1 does mean p[]1 b p[] ( a p]nici\s description1 8t ( brute =ce1 ! p[] ( ! bludgeon & ! bayonet & ( ! brib$ press1 tongue1 & p540#ad ,hav+ discuss$ worldl9ess1 vanity1 & self-indulg5ce z well z comm]cial ent]prise & speculation1 we mu/ get to close qu>t]s ) an aspect ( ! problem :i* at fir/ sight might seem to be an exception to our g5]al condemnation ( ri*es4 ,:at is ! real effect ( money sp5t by millionaires on philan?ropic1 sci5tific1 or social exp]im5ts1 & ev5 educational end[m5ts8 ,are we ju/ifi$ 9 hail+ !m z :olly & unque/ionably b5efic5t8 ,t !y %\ld sp5d _! money ?is way in/ead ( on !mselves mu/ be ackn[l$g$ at once z pref]able & z a /ep 9 a bett] direction4 ,!y ga9 imm5se applause f ! _w by _! de$s1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 no sacrifice :atev] is involv$4 ,x is greatly to _! cr$it t _! intellig5ce %\ld prompt !m to attempt to b5efit _! fell[s by a national & sci5tific exploration ( new gr\nd :i* may ev5tually lead to "s p]man5t b5efit to ! human race4 ,b :ile grant+ unres]v$ly ! purity ( _! motives1 we %all by a m exact exam9ation ( ! nature1 scope1 & consequ5ces ( _! action come to ! foll[+ conclusions :i* am\nt to objections3 7#a7 ,! *oice ( ! p>ticul> exp]im5t & ! decision z to :e!r x %all be emb>k$ on at all re/s ) "o individual w4 ,! s\rce ( action !re=e be+ an unc]ta9 quantity :i* _c be dep5d$ ^u1 ?is me?od ( initiat+ works = ! public b5efit is incapable ( be+ organis$1 controll$1 or ev5 reli$ ^u4 ,inde$1 millionaires are apt to be l spoilt *ildr5 unless !y c h ! satisfaction ( complete control ov] _! exploits4 7#b7 ,! exp]im5t select$ may n be a wise "o or 9 con=mity ) ! ideals ( real bett]m5t1 ev5 ?\gh = a "t x may receive ! =mal sanction ( popul> approval4 7#c7 ,ev5 if ! exp]im5t is admitt$ly useful & b5eficial1 x has a /rong t5d5cy to enc\rage u1 :o con/itute ! community z a :ole1 to ?9k t z !re are ri* m5 :o are suffici5tly ent]pris+ & public-spirit$ to und]take ^! s*emes & works ( g5]al utility1 x is unnecess>y to organise corporate ef=t1 to e/abli% !m ourselves4 ,moreov]1 !re is limit ( productivity 9 private ent]prise4 7#d7 ,!re are social s*emes c>efully conceiv$ & elaborately work$ out :i* fail because ! v security ( c]ta9 f9ancial help & support has ! effect ( weak5+ initiative1 *ok+ ent]prise1 & prev5t+ ! gr[? ( ! j pride & self-reliance :i* individuals or bodies ( individuals c only develop 9 an indep5d5t /ruggle ) ! *ances & *anges ( _! natural environm5t4 ,^? :o are suppos$ to b5efit by ! s*eme are 9 fact1 oppress$ by ! %ad[ ( ! heavy arm ( ! f9ancial subsidy :i* dom9ates ! :ole situation4 ,?is may be unreasonable1 b x is q natural1 & x %[s t money p\r$ out by "o h& clogs ! ma*9]y ( comm]cial & indu/rial life1 falls1 s to speak1 into clots & _c spread itself effectively z a lubricant into ! _m n>r[ & unse5 corn]s ( ! dome/ic1 municipal1 or rural life & activities ( ! p4 7#e7 ,la/ly1 or x %\ld h be5 said1 prim>ily1 ! p>am\nt objection is t any good t may come f ! p>ticul> s*eme or exp]im5t is completely outweigh$ by ! wrong t has be5 p]petrat$ & ! injury t has be5 inflict$1 9 c\ntless ways & 9 numb]less directions1 by ! )drawal f heal?y circulation & ! accumulation ( ! v ri*es a "p ( :i* is n[ be+ return$ to ! community 9 ?is d\btful =m4 ,x w\ld be ung5]\s to d5y t great c>e & =e?\ght h be5 ex]cis$ by ! millionaires :o h det]m9$ to devote a l>ge "p ( _! weal? to "s great religi\s1 social1 sci5tific1 or arti/ic cause4 ,di/9ct b5efits h accru$ f _! action4 ,b emphatically ?is does n mean t surplus weal? 9 individual h&s c be us$ pr(itably4 ,x means t human +5uity1 intellig5ce1 & g5]\s feel+ c to "s small ext5t mitigate 9 "o direction ! con/ant & press+ evils :i* ! accumulation ( ri*es has caus$ & is caus+ 9 a va/ly m ext5sive way4 ,ano!r example ab\t :i* "s d\bt might be express$ is t ( a man /ruggl+ ) 8 family on an income well bel[ ! limit1 unable to develop 8 capacities & lead a dec5tly useful life because ( ! con/ant p9* ( want4 ,w n a gift ( money :i* secures him a compet5ce )\t afflu5ce1 frees 8 en]gies = high] "w1 & lib]ates him f ! sordid & pa9ful trials ( pov]ty1 w n su* a gift be an unqualifi$ advantage to him1 & w n1 !re=e1 ! giv] ( t money be an exception to ! axiom t sup]flu\s weal? _c be well sp5t8 ,! gift & its acceptance are n ! only det]m9+ factors 9 ! problem4 ,if su* a case is q fairly /at$1 x %[s t ! donor 0 n giv+ "p ( 8 sup]flu\s weal?1 tak+ ! def9ition ( sup]flu\s :i* has already be5 giv54 ,he is giv+ some?+ :i*1 z x turns out1 he p]sonally has ! capacity to give 9 a pr(itable & fruitful mann]1 & :i* p]haps involves a c]ta9 am\nt ( sacrifice on 8 "p4 ,?is money !re=e con/itutes "p ( 8 compet5ce & ! gift is ju/ifiable4 ,b ?is c only be admitt$ to a v re/rict$ ext5t4 ,he mu/ use ! utmo/ discretion n to give too mu*1 o!rwise he w ov]/ep ! m>k ( prud5ce4 ,he may be enc\rag$ to make ?is gift too frequ5tly & less discrim9at+ly4 ,9 %ort1 ! numb] ( su* cases1 :]e ! recipi5t is unmi/akably b5efit$ by an isolat$ gift ( money1 are v exceptional4 ,if we are presuppos+ t our donor has money to play ) & t 8 gift is made out ( 8 sup]fluity1 9 ?is case1 z 9 t ( ! millionaire's exp]im5t1 8 balance is on ! wrong side1 & m h>m is be+ done by ! ret5tion ( 8 surplus ?an good is done by 8 small1 spasmodic endeav\rs at *>itable help & subsidy1 ev5 ?\gh n[ & !n !y may be p]fectly well direct$4 ,capital entru/$ to companies1 corporations1 municipalities1 or 9 ! possession ( ! ,/ate1 ne$ n1 f ! b>e fact ( its be+ held conjo9tly by a numb] ( p1 be exp5d$ 9 a wise way or on remun]ative works4 ,b !re is a v mu* bett] *ance ( its be+ well sp5t 9 ! long run1 :]e !re is practically unlimit$ capacity 9 ! jo9t ef=ts & unit$ tal5ts ( a numb] ( p1 :]e !re is dis9t]e/$ control1 & :]e t control is itself f> f supreme1 be+ subject to ! direct sup]vision ( electors or ( ! g5]al community4 ,remon/rance1 appeal1 or prote/ 9 ?is case is always possible & effectual1 b :5 an individual is ! only disp5s] ( ! funds1 he is ! sole arbit] & judge1 has complete & despotic p[]1 & is n answ]able to any sup]ior au?ority4 ,fur!r x _c be s]i\sly controv]t$ t money1 circulat+ 9 small sums 9 ! h&s ( ! mass ( ! p & devot$ = ! mo/ "p to ! pur*ase ( ! necess>ies ( life1 is inf9itely m conducive to productive exp5diture ?an money ho>d$ 9 l>ge quantities to be adm9i/]$ by a small class = _! own advantage4 ,*apt] ,,vii ,! deceptive process ( ! gr[? ( ri*es--,! relaxation ( ef=t--,! love ( ease--,! p[] ( conv5tion--,! disadvantages ( abundance--,surfeit--,difficulties 9 a ri* man's life--,wa/e ( tal5t & capacity--,engl& z a nation deeply infect$ ) ! belief 9 money4 ,!re is no m mislead+ & deceptive process ?an ! gradual gr[? ( ri*es4 ,z a man's income increases1 fre% obligations arise :i* h all ! appe>ance ( necessities1 & 9 satisfy+ ^! a /ill fur!r crop spr+s up1 dem&s 8 att5tion1 & occupies m ( 8 "t4 ,little by little 8 /&>d *anges2 /age by /age1 almo/ imp]ceptibly1 :at he once reg>d$ z a pure luxury becomes to him an imp]ative necessity1 & all unconsci\s1 he sp5ds 8 en]gy 9 ! /ruggle to keep himself on a level ) ^? among :om he desires to be class$4 ,?is is all v well ) p ^: means range above ! limit1 b :5 we rea* ^? :o are on ! bord] l9e1 :5 we come to ! ranks ( ^? ^: exi/5ce is ov]%ad[$ by ! con/ant & we>+ anxiety z to :e!r _! small incomes w g f> en\gh1 !re is an elem5t ( pr(\nd trag$y 9 _! ef=ts to keep up appe>ances & to ma9ta9 an outw>d %[ ( hav+ money :ile necessities1 unse5 b v press+1 are sacrific$--! s]vice ( doctors & nurses 9 illness v likely d5i$1 & all ! small accessories t g to make life 9 ! home pleasant] cut (f4 ,we are n aw>e ( ! l>ge numb] ( p ?us situat$1 because _! brave attempts to delude u are (t5 successful4 ,^? we "k ( h p]haps se5 bett] days1 be+ ?r\gh no fault ( _! own ?r[n into p5ury1 & !y may be mak+ pa!tic & pa9ful endeav\rs to keep up a %[ n1 inde$1 ( afflu5ce1 b1 anyh[1 ( respectability4 ,z a writ]#ae rec5tly said ) great tru?3 8,!re is little sympa?y felt 9 ! _w ( rhetoric = ! sil5t suff]+s ( ! g5teel poor1 yet !re is no class t des]ves a m *>itable commis]ation40 ,_! incomes may n be 9 !mselves excessively small1 b ! exp5se ( con=m+ to ! v>i\s little conv5tions to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ & ! /ra9 ( try+ to keep up to a level slightly above _! natural /&>d eat away too mu* ( _! meagre /ore4 ,_! g5tility has s(t5$ !m1 or _! middle-class respectability prev5ts !m f op5ly rank+ !mselves among ! poor4 ,!y "k1 too1 t a *ange 9 circum/ances may deprive !m ( _! =m] 8fri5ds40 ,! mis]ies ( debt & bankruptcy may (t5 be ! outcome ( an extravagant or pr(ligate disposition1 & ne$ n be directly connect$ ) an excess or defici5cy ( means4 ,b ?is solicitude to obey ! rigid1 conv5tional1 & univ]sally accept$ measure = class+ ! community accord+ to _! incomes1 ?is horror ( dropp+ 9 ! scale1 is responsible = mu* suff]+ & secret despair1 especially among wom5 :o h n be5 tra9$ to "w & f9d !mselves turn$ adrift on ! _w ) a b>e pittance4 ,high] 9 ! scale1 :]e !re is an ample compet5ce1 ! am\nt sp5t on appe>ances is frequ5tly unreasonably excessive4 ,! crav+ to associate ) p :o are ri*] & ! fe> ( be+ ?\ght badly (f1 kn[+ t t is ! equival5t ( becom+ socially a p>iah1 produces a s]i\s defici5cy 9 ! m important ne$s ( life1 bitt]ness at ! h>dness ( fate1 /9t+1 useless sav+1 & sometimes ev5tual impov]i%m5t & ru94 ,b )\t hav+ actually to face cata/rophe1 ^! p1 simply by ! injudici\s & ill-manag$ adm9i/ration ( :at !y h got1 _c live ! full & dec5t lives _! circum/ances all[ !m4 ,?is is true ( a v l>ge well-to-d class :o cry out = m money :ile !y are sp5d+ too l>ge a portion ( :at !y h 9 ?+s :i*1 = !m1 are unnecess>y extravagances1 b :i* !y cl+ to z indisp5sable4 ,!y are probably slack5+ _! ex]tions 9 directions :]e !y w\ld be all ! bett] = a little extra /imulant 9 ! %ape ( tr\ble & ef=t4 ,! con/ant easy satisfaction ( _! small requirem5ts has an en]vat+ & weak5+ effect on _! "*1 & !re is nei!r *>m nor adv5ture 9 _! lives1 = !re is a po9t :5 satisfaction almo/ suffocates4 ,human nature is s con/itut$ t en]gy increases 9 proportion z x is us$4 ,! m a man has to d1 ! m he wants to d1 ! m he c d4 ,all k9ds ( insignificant little daily ef=ts keep ! ma*9e p]petually 9 motion & 9 ord]1 ready & al]t = m "w1 & ! _s ( dis9cl9ation is %ut out4 ,relax ^? ef=ts1 augm5t s5su\s com=ts1 & ! ma*9e w require />t+ & re/>t+1 ) a cont9ual extra spurt & additional ex]tion4 ,! _s ( dis9cl9ation ins9uates itself1 & indol5ce & apa?y creep 94 ,x has be5 %[n 9 ! animal _w t ! spoilt & c>efully comb$ & wa%$ pet is f> less intellig5t ?an ! animal :o has to look aft] himself1 scrat* 8 own fleas1 & lick ! dirt (f 8 paws4 ,we are "u ! impression t if we c get rid ( ! v>i\s irritations ( daily life1 :i* are our fleas1 ! "t sp5t 9 scrat*+ w be devot$ to "w ( a high] ord] m 9 con=mity ) our p[]s4 ,b1 giv5 ! "t1 someh[ we d n manage to d ! extra "w4 ,! ambition ( e man :o acquires m money is n to increase ! field ( p]sonal activity1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to re/rict x4 ,! natural t5d5cy is t[>ds ease r ?an action4 ,b z soon z m5 f9d out t ease begets indiff]5ce & indol5ce am\nt+ to atrophy1 & lead+ at la/ to a cessation ( ! ord9>y p[]s ( enjoym5t1 & t action is a spur to ! faculties1 mak+ !m m alive1 m s5sitive1 & m susceptible to en?usiasm & appreciation1 !y w be on _! gu>d aga9/ ! sn>es & wiles t beset ! pa? ( ev]yone :o makes a special bus9ess ( smoo?+ away all ! r\ghness 9 8 dome/ic & social surr\nd+s4 ,sp5d+ money to save oneself tr\ble (t5 produces tr\ble & worry ( a diff]5t & v likely m vexati\s k9d1 & at ! same "t r$uces by t mu* ! good effects on ! "* produc$ by a c]ta9 am\nt ( brac+ discipl9e & g5]al tight5+ ( ! re9s ( conduct4 ,precisely 9 ! same way z r$uc+ hygi5ic or physical ex]cise dim9i%es muscul> effici5cy4 ,! recurr+ s5se ( accompli%m5t1 h[ev] trivial & app>5tly insignificant t accompli%m5t may be1 is invigorat+ to ! nature & ( endur+ value4 ,z ,c>lyle says 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to 8 future wife3 8,let u n despond 9 ! life ( hon\rable toil :i* lies be=e u4 ,d y n ?9k t :5 y on "o side ( our h\sehold %all h fai?fully gone ?r\gh y\r h\sewife's duties1 & ,i on ! o!r %all h writt5 my allott$ pages1 we %all meet ov] our frugal meal ) f> happi] & pr\d] he>ts ?an ?\s&s t are n bless$ ) any duty & ^: agony is ! bitt]e/ ( all1 #8! agony ( a too easy b$'80 ,x is too mu* to ask t ev]yone %\ld at once recognise :at sort ( exp5diture w really be repay+ & fill _! lives ) g5u9e happ9ess & :at is only empty1 disappo9t+1 & sup]flu\s4 ,b !y are wrong :5 !y suppose1 z !y s (t5 d1 t !y are suff]+ f want ( money2 & !y are wrong 9 believ+ t m money w cure _! discont5t4 ,! problem = !m is m ?an half solv$ once !y come to realise t !y are %[+ !mselves to be incapable ( ! responsibility !y already possess1 & t m money w\ld only mean an increase ( responsibilities )\t any fre% acquisition ( k z to h[ to dis*>ge !m4 ,all ar\nd !m !y obs]ve an implicit ob$i5ce 9 small matt]s z well z great to :at we may call ! law ( ga94 ,!y jo9 9 obey+ ?is law1 :i* is no?+ m ?an an artificial conv5tion ( an ill-organis$ society4 ,! ^w conv5tion has frequ5tly be5 us$1 = x be/ describes ! fix$ au?ority = conduct & e?ics :i* has be5 set up by ! tacit cons5sus ( public op9ion1 & :i* p accept & obey )\t inquiry4 ,?is =ce--= x am\nts to a =ce--drives ! great body ( un$ucat$1 "u-educat$1 & ill-educat$ p1 :o nev] /op to inquire or inve/igate4 ,if a /ick is put across a gap 9 a h$ge & a flock ( %eep is driv5 ?r\gh1 ! fir/ few %eep w jump ! /ick1 & !n1 ev5 aft] ! /ick has be5 remov$1 ! re/ ( ! flock w all jump :5 !y come to ! gap1 & n "o w /op to see if !re is any reason or necessity = ! jump4 ,s x is ) human be+s1 :o f9d x easi] to d z o!rs d r ?an take ! tr\ble to ex]cise any sep>ate p[]s ( discrim9ation :i* might conv9ce !m ( ! necessity ( /rik+ out a diff]5t l9e ( _! own4 ,"o l9e ( conduct may suit a l>ge numb] ( individuals1 b x is inconceivable t x %\ld suit all1 & !re is a great revivification ( ! faculties 9 a man :5 he fir/ realises t :at may be "r = o!rs ne$ n be "r = him4 ,a lady once rem>k$1 ) a sigh1 :ile arrang+ h] draw+-room1 8,"o mu/ h a silv] table10 mean+ t a small table on :i* c\ld be display$ v>i\s gimcracks ( silv] 0 a necessity ( fa%ion 9 ! disposition ( draw+-room furniture4 ,if %e _h said1 8,i won't h a silv] table10 or1 8,i'm go+ to h tw5ty silv] tables10 %e w\ld h be5 an exceptional & orig9al be+ ex]cis+ an indep5d5t judgm5t at ! risk ( be+ ?\ght ecc5tric4 ,b h] only desire1 & ! only desire ( ! majority ( h] fell[s1 is to con=m4 ,ano!r cause ( mis*ief is t mo/ p h _! eyes turn$ t[>ds ^? :o are bett] (f ?an !y are !mselves1 & !y cont9ually & in/9ctively make m5tal comp>isons :i* s]ve only to increase _! long+4 ,seldom d !y turn _! eyes to ! millions :o are less =tunate 9 ! way ( weal? & make comp>isons 9 t direction1 else !y might come to ! unpleasant conclusion t !y h !mselves already m ?an en\gh1 & p]haps too mu*4 ,to live simply !y fooli%ly suspect means some?+ disagreeable1 unattractive1 t$i\s1 & ardu\s2 :]eas if !y only gave x a trial1 !y might f9d t ! v simplification ( _! mann] ( liv+ w\ld set free _! en]gies & attract !m to new & absorb+ int]e/s1 & a k9d ( happ9ess might become !irs :i* f> surpasses 9 int5sity ! greate/ pleasures weal? ev] b\ght1 & :i*1 in/ead ( be+ transitory & ephem]al1 is la/+4 8,! sup]ior wor? ( simplicity ( life10 says ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 8! en]vat+ & demoralis+ effect ( ! trammels & hypocrisies ( artificial society1 are ideas :i* h nev] be5 entirely abs5t f cultivat$ m9ds s9ce ,r\sseau wrote2 & !y w 9 "t produce _! effect1 ?\gh at pres5t ne$+ to be ass]t$ z mu* z ev]1 & to be ass]t$ by de$s1 = words on ?is subject h ne>ly exhau/$ _! p[]40 ,asceticism1 p$antry1 int5tional unconv5tionality1 & ! affect$ 8simple life0 h all s]v$ to damage ! =ce ( ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( pla9 liv+2 & x is (t5 suppos$ t x is jeal\sy ( ! ri* t causes ! occasional outbur/s aga9/ luxury4 ,b anyone :o c wat* = a mom5t & analyse social ph5om5a w v soon come to ! conclusion t !re is no?+ 9 ! lives ( ! ri* ( :i* anyone ne$ be envi\s4 ,millionaires !mselves are ! fir/ to admit t _! money br+s !m no happ9ess4 ,! confession has be5 made by "o ( !m t ! v fact ( be+ able )\t ! lea/ difficulty to satisfy 8 smalle/ or 8 l>ge/ fancies 0 9 itself ! v anti!sis ( pleasure4 ,he _h le>nt t ! cont9u\s crav+ to satisfy human wants1 f> f be+ a mis=tune1 con/itut$ an intr9sic elem5t 9 ! production ( happ9ess4 ,! hope p]haps long def]r$1 t "s p>ticul> want might ev5tually be satisfi$ 0 a treasure he _h = ev] lo/ ! p[] to appreciate4 ,x is delay1 & n imm$iate satisfaction1 t enhances ! value ( acquisition4 8,millionaires :o laugh are r>e10 says ,&rew ,c>negie4 ,sup]abundance1 surfeit1 ! cloy+ sweetness ( excess1 ! consequ5t lack ( re/ra9t & res]ve mu/ enc\rage ! developm5t ( moral sickness1 nausea1 & intellectual in]tia4 ,9 all pr(essions1 arts1 trades1 & crafts ! fix+ ( a limit )9 :i* to op]ate is ! secret ( ! atta9m5t ( a high quality ( "w because x is ! recognition ( human limitations4 ,! same pr9ciple holds good = e human be+ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( 8 worldly possessions & ! managem5t ( 8 own life4 ,economy %\ld be ! key-note r ?an pr(usion1 /r5g? lies 9 res]ve r ?an 9 excess4 ,we are only say+ to a man :o is sitt+ be=e a table lad5 ) a va/ quantity ( diff]5t di%es heap$ ) all k9ds ( appetis+ foods3 8,be+ an ord9>y mortal y\r dige/ion w n /& m ?an a limit$ quantity ( t food4 ,if y cont9ually eat m ?an :at is good = y1 y w be ill4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( food w n\ri% y1 a l>g] am\nt w simply make y sick4 ,we d n say y\r food is too good1 na/i] food w\ld be bett] = y1 nor d we say t y mu/ nev] h a fea/3 b we assure y t if y habitually gorge ! surfeit w injure y\r dige/ive p[]s1 w de/roy y\r own enjoym5t ( ! meal1 & at ! same "t1 by ?is ?\ghtless wa/e1 y are depriv+ _m :o h an insuffici5t quantity ( :at is rightfully !irs4 ,9 any case1 y c nev] manage to eat all ^! di%es by y\rself4 ,:at good are !y to y8 ,to propose t y %\ld be reliev$ ( "s ( y\r sup]fluity is ! sugge/ion ( a fri5d & n ( an enemy4 ,j reflect z y see ?is huge meal spread be=e y t ! great majority ( y\r fell[-m5 h n m ?an "o meagre & inadequate di%40 ,he w\ld probably reply3 8,i am ! be/ judge ( :at is good = me4 ,! food is m9e4 ,if ,i d n eat x ,i am n go+ to all[ anyone to deprive me ( x1 b ,i c always give "p ( x away if & :5 ,i feel incl9$0--& he w cont9ue ) a dull gaze ( satiat$ we>9ess to reg>d ! piles ( food be=e him4 ,?is is a fair metaphor1 because we h all be5 =c$ to le>n ! precise nature ( our limitations ) reg>d to ! consumption ( food4 ,is x unreasonable to hope t 9 "t we may become z consci\s ( our limitations 9 ! consumption ( o!r mat]ials no less important8 ,if ! ri* prote/ t !y h a p]fect "r to amass :at =tune !y l1 & t x is tyranny & an infr+em5t ( _! lib]ty to d5y !m ?is "r1 !y c be told pla9ly t _! lib]ty w only be respect$ if !y 9 _! turn w respect ! lib]ty ( o!rs1 :i* _c be effectually secur$ except by re/ra9+ lic5se4 ,z x is1 !y are manife/ly depriv+ o!rs ( _! lib]ty & elem5t>y rights by ! outrage\s lic5se !y n[ all[ !mselves4 ,no "o cries out l\d] ?an a ri* man if by any *ance he loses "p ( 8 =tune4 ,! r$uction ( 8 income f fifty to ?irty1 or f tw5ty to t5 ?\s& a ye> is a cata/rophe = :i* he unceas+ly asks ! sympa?y & commis]ation ( 8 fri5ds4 ,! dismissal ( ! second footman is a h>d%ip :i* requires c\rage to face1 ! sale ( a corn] ( ! e/ate is ! sign ( ru96 ,he /&s 9 /rik+ contra/ to ^? :o1 hav+ to face g5u9e pov]ty1 (t5 %[ =titude & pluck 9 ! face ( bitt] mis=tunes4 ,b z an excuse = ! ri* man x ought frankly to be ackn[l$g$ t 8 life is made extremely complex & difficult4 ,if ?is mu* alone 7 app>5t to him he might pause 9 8 eag] *ase4 ,a man ) "w1 ) a pr(ession or trade1 a woman ) a pr(ession or ) h\se & p>5tal duties1 n only h _! "t occupi$1 b h _! ?\ghts fill$ & h few] alt]natives ( conduct1 :ile at ! same "t !y are n fre$ f ! conflict+ obligations :i* make e life a s]i\s problem4 ,b ! ri* man has be=e him unlimit$ alt]natives )\t any con/ra9t4 ,he has to inv5t & conceive = himself 8 sph]e ( usefulness & select ! p>ticul> =m ( occupation he ?9ks w suit him4 ,he suff]s f misgiv+s 9 emb>k+ on "o =m ( activity1 t he might h done bett] to *oose ano!r4 ,if he is n c>eful1 idle bus9ess1 ! inevitable outcome ( 8 e/ates1 8 e/abli%m5ts1 8 social duties1 & o!r appurt5ances ( 8 elaborate ent\rage w take up ! great] "p ( 8 "t & absorb all 8 ?\ghts4 ,h[ev] consci5ti\sly he may desire to enc\rage works ( utility & ?r[ himself into pr(itable pursuits1 he mu/ f9d himself emb>rass$ n only ) 8 load ( weal?1 b ) ! limitless horizon be=e him1 ! entire abs5ce ( any discipl9>y compulsion1 & ! )drawal ( ! re/ra9ts :i* %ield ! c\rse ( a simpl] life4 ,n only is ! volume ( wat] l>g]1 b !re is no riv] b$4 ,! %ift+ action ( ! /ream1 !re=e1 is f> m likely to be deva/at+ ?an f]tilis+4 ,wa/e & loss w ev]y:]e be f\nd 9 money's trail4 ,tal5ts :i* "u free1 unhamp]$ conditions might h gr[n & blossom$ h be5 )]$ "u ?is gold5 blight4 ,_m m5 & wom5 might h done valuable "w & ev5 atta9$ great a*ievem5ts _h !y be5 compell$ to "w = a liv+1 to toil1 to lab\r1 & to /rive in/ead ( be+ *ok$ ) ! glut ( ri*es4 ,) a v few exceptions1 m5 9 ! creative arts & 9 sci5ce h n be5 m5 :o by any /&>d c\ld be describ$ z ri*4 ,! greate/ treasures ! _w possesses 9 pa9t+1 music1 lit]ature1 poetry1 & ar*itecture are gifts f m5 :o 7 nev] burd5$ ) great possessions4 ,no g5ius1 no creative _s1 no hungry inquir]1 no philosoph] c exi/ 9 ! hot-h\se atmosph]e & cramp+ conditions :i* surr\nd ri*es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 extreme pov]ty has v mu* ! same effect1 kill+ ! too s5sitive & fragile _s 9 its ex]tions to be free1 wa/+ :at might be a useful & p]haps rem>kable life1 & =c+ m5 ( high p[]s to /oop to ! pro/itution ( _! tal5ts 9 ord] to ga9 en\gh = _! v subsi/5ce4 ,b 9 ! latt] case1 anyh[1 ! fight is a great & vigor\s combat = exi/5ce :i* a man mu/ take up or p]i%1 & :i*1 if he succe$s1 equips him ) /r5g!n$ faculties & a ri*] exp]i5ce = ! fur!r /ages on 8 life's j\rney4 ,pov]ty is m]ciless & cruel1 b x _c be d5i$ t x is a f> bett] tea*] ?an ri*es4 ,! conte/ ) money has no /imulat+ effects1 x weak5s & p>alyses a man's moral & intellectual fibre1 /unts & smo!rs 8 f9] ambitions1 & if he has ! unusual /r5g? ( "* to free himself1 x c only be done by ca/+ f him delib]ately & f9ally 8 self-impos$ burd54 ,art1 lit]ature1 & music are all suff]+ sev]ely f ! f9ancial ta9t kn[n z comm]cialism1 :i* t5ds to popul>ise second-rate "w1 degrade ! public ta/e1 & /eep5 ! already /iff pa? *os5 by ^? :o are aim+ at a high /&>d ( workman%ip r ?an popul> recognition4 8,w x pay80 is a colloquialism z g5]al 9 use z rem>ks ab\t ! wea!r4 ,:5 comp>$ ) o!r nations1 x w\ld seem t we 9 ,engl& are m deeply infect$ ) ?is belief 9 money ?an !y are else:]e4 ,our v prosp]ity1 g5]ally describ$ 9 figures ( mat]ial expansion1 may acc\nt = ?is4 ,! m money !re is 9 circulation1 ! m *ance !re is = l>g] quantities ( x to get lodg$ 9 a s+le pocket1 ! ke5] becomes ! competition to acquire x1 ! /rong] is ! p[]1 ! influ5ce1 & ! example ( ri* m54 ,am]ica _c be v f> beh9d1 :]e comm5t is n[ be+ made on cases ( insanity & ! suicidal mania among ! *ildr5 & desc5dants ( v ri* p1 br\ght ab\t by ! m5tal & n]v\s /ra9 & exhau/ion to :i* multi-millionaires are subject$ 9 _! mad race = weal?4 ,x produces 9 ! *ildr5 :at !y call ov] !re 8! money twi/0 9 ! bra94 ,nev]!less1 9 8 survey ( ,engli% life ! ,am]ican writ] already quot$ says1 8,! /ruggle to get x 7money7 is unp>allel$ any:]e else 9 ! _w40#af ,& ?is 0 also ! v]dict ( "o :o wrote a few ye>s ago ) an intimate k ( ,cont95tal life3 8,!re is no nation 9 ! _w t has s acute a s5se ( ! value1 almo/ ! necessity ( weal? = human int]c\rse z ! ,engli% nation4444 ,9 ,engl& !y sil5tly accept ! maxim1 #8a l>ge income is a necess>y ( life1' & !y class ea* o!r accord+ to ! scale ( _! e/abli%m5ts1 look+ up ) unfeign$ rev]5ce to ^? :o h _m s]vants1 _m horses1 & gigantic h\ses1 :]e great hospitality is disp5s$40#ag ,9 ! economic /ructure1 j z 9 an ar*itectural /ructure1 :at %\ld be aim$ at is a prop] relation betwe5 weights & supports4 ,"o section ( our social build+ is too heavily weight$ & !re is an unnecess>y wa/e ( mat]ial 9 supply+ ! adequate supports & buttresses to meet ! /ress1 :i* is all on ! "o side4 ,x is ?is want ( balance & disproportionate pressure :i* t5ds v mat]ially to imp]il ! :ole edifice4 ,does x am\nt to a national dang]8 & if s1 h[ c x be w>d$ (f8 are que/ions t may well be ask$4 ,b ?is w\ld c>ry u too f> & involve a discussion z to ! ext5t to :i* legislation or taxation or an improv$ sy/em ( education might %ield u f any risks4 ,x lies outside ! scope ( our pres5t argum5t1 :i* mu/ be conf9$ to demon/rat+ ! exi/5ce & univ]sal nature ( ! passion1 its unju/ifiable claims & evil consequ5ces4 ,h[ to put a /op to ! wa/e caus$ by an unproductive surplus gett+ pil$ up 9 ! h&s ( ! ri* is nev]!less admitt$ by mod]n economi/s to be a matt] t urg5tly ne$s solution4 8,! pr9cipal problem ( mod]n indu/rial civilisation10 says ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 8consi/s 9 devis+ measures to secure t ! :ole ( ! indu/rial surplus %all be economically appli$ to ! purposes ( indu/rial & social progress in/ead ( pass+ 9 ! %ape ( une>n$ increm5t to ! own]s ( ! factors ( production ^: activities are depress$1 n /imulat$ by su* paym5ts40#ah ,*apt] ,,viii ,! problem ( ri*es--,necessity = sci5tific inve/igation into ! lives ( ! ri*--,int]dep5d5ce ( ri*es & pov]ty--,analysis ( exp5diture on h\ses1 s]vants1 clo!s1 food1 amusem5ts--,impressions ( a poor cr[d & a ri* cr[d--,trag$ies4 ,on all sides x is admitt$ t !re is a problem ( ,pov]ty1 b x has nev] yet be5 sugge/$ t j 9 ! same way !re is a problem ( ,ri*es4 ,n ! problem ( h[ to become ri* & h[ to inve/ money & make m money1 t is ! v obsession :i* ought to be dispell$1 b ! important "q ( h[ ! ri* sp5d _! money1 h[ !y live1 to :at objects !y devote _! ri*es1 & :e!r ! va/ accumulations are be+ dispos$ ( to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! connection betwe5 ri*es & pov]ty is capable ( pro(1 t is to say1 ! maladm9i/ration ( weal? by individuals c be %[n to be closely l9k$ to ! disorganisation ( lab\r :i* creates su* evils z sweat+ & unemploym5t4 ,b be=e fur!r advance c be made t[>ds any possible solution !re mu/ be a dissection & analysis ( ! lives ( ! ri* z well z ( ! poor1 s t "s k may be acquir$ ( bo? sides ( ! m$al :i* w demon/rate _! int]dep5d5ce4 ,we are all[$ to extract e conceivable detail ( ! mo/ intimate nature f ! poor h\sehold]1 b any sort ( inquiry z to h[ ! ri* live is reg>d$ z an imp]t95ce4 ,ev5 ! sugge/ion t !y %\ld make a return ( all _! income1 z a man ( mod]ate means mu/ d = income tax purposes1 is sc\t$ z inquisitorial4 ,we inquire into ! lives ( ! poor 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! actual facts1 s t ) a full k ( ! evil we may set to "w sci5tifically to improve _! condition4 ,b ?is is really only half ! problem4 ,no inve/igation c be complete unless an equally c>eful & exhau/ive inquiry is made into ! way ! ri* live4 ,x _c be reg>d$ z an inquisitive pry+ into p]sonal & private habits1 = :5 ! exp5diture is on su* a scale z to h ext5sive economic consequ5ces x ceases to be ( a private nature & ought to be inve/igat$ on public gr\nds4 ,n only might ! inquiry be made ) a view to ! improvem5t ( _! own way ( liv+--?\gh !y w\ld refuse to admit !re 0 any room = improvem5t--b by ?is means m light w\ld also be ?r[n on ! problem ( pov]ty4 ,x is ! "q ( di/ribution t is admitt$ly ! insoluble difficulty1 & yet we set to "w to exam9e ! b>r5 pat*es & leave out ( acc\nt ! l& t is s\r$ by ov]-f]tilisation4 ,to accompli% a successful "w ( irrigation att5tion mu/ n only be turn$ to ! dry & arid l&1 b to ! m>%y1 l[-ly+ p>ts t h got m ( ! wat] ?an !y ne$ & require dra9+1 o!rwise an ev5 fl[ ov] ! :ole c nev] be eng9e]$ & ! full capacity ( ! soil _c be giv5 a fair *ance4 ,x is absurd to suppose t any section ( ! community1 :atev] pret5sions !y may h1 c live z !y l )\t affect+ ! lives & wellbe+ ( _! fell[-m54 ,ri*es may set up a f5ce1 make ^? inside x believe t !y are liv+ 9 a _w ap>t & bl9d !m to :at is go+ on outside1 b ri*es h no p[] to sev] ! moral & spiritual1 z well z ! invisible economic ties :i* b9d e individual f 8 bir? to 8 dea? ) ! :ole ( ! re/ ( humanity4 ,?is attitude ( alo(ness :i* ! ri* adopt makes x true to say ( !m t 8!y are outca/s & are cut (f f natural & human relation%ip ) ! great mass ( mank9d40#ai ,! p :o consid] ! ri*ness ( ! ri* has no?+ to d ) ! pov]ty ( ! poor are 9 ! habit ( ass]t+ t ev5 if all incomes l>ge & small 7 add$ toge!r !re w\ld n be en\gh 8to g r\nd40 ,!y fail to rememb] t money :i* is inve/$ )\t any return1 or only gett+ a v l[ return1 has n ! same value & _c g z f> z ! same sum br++ 9 a high return f a remun]ative inve/m5t4 ,! attacks ( a vaguely disp>ag+ nature made aga9/ ! ri* are (t5 beside ! m>k f ! lack ( accurate k ( _! position1 _! habits1 & _! me?ods4 ,b ought n ! exp5diture ( ^! accumulat$ masses ( money to be subject$ to "s sci5tific scrut9y8 ,c ano!r 8,p]sonal ,s]vice ,association0 be e/abli%$ among ! poor = visit+ ! ri*8 ,x is j z necess>y4 ,c a supplem5t be compil$ to ,mr4 ,*>les ,boo?'s ,life & ,lab\r ( ! ,p1 ,mr4 ,r[ntree's ,pov]ty3 a ,/udy ( ,t[n ,life8 ,:at w\ld be ! fate ( an inve/igator :o d>$ to pursue 8 inquiries at h\ses 9 ,mayfair or ,belgravia8 ,9 response to ! bell ! massive front door w\ld sl[ly op51 & out ( ! d>kness ( ! hall w\ld em]ge ! solemn figure ( an ov]f$ butl] flank$ by two giants ) p[d]$ hair4 ,! inve/igator1 note-book 9 h&1 if he _h ! c\rage to proce$1 w\ld ask 8 /r+ ( qu]ies z to h[ _m rooms ! h\se conta9$1 h[ _m p1 ! co/ ( liv+1 ! heal? ( ! *ildr51 ! employm5t ( ! man1 etc4 etc4 ,b he w\ld n get v f> be=e ! inc5s$ & outrag$ dignity ( 8 audi5ce w\ld take an active =m & he w\ld f9d himself hurl$ d[n ! /eps into ! /reet4 ,nev]!less1 su* a book w\ld be ( enorm\s use4 ,x w\ld s]ve to e/abli% a concrete basis f :i* useful economic & sociological d$uctions might be made1 h[ev] disagreeable "s ( ! disclosures might be incid5tally4 ,x w\ld n be an invitation to ! masses to spoil & rob ! ri* any m ?an ! books on ,pov]ty are an invitation to ! ri* to l>gess m ( _! weal? among ! poor4 ,inde$1 !re is no "q ( spoliation1 x is all a matt] ( adju/m5t4 ,! blame ca/ on ! ri* w\ld no d\bt be heavy because !y h ! p[] ( initiative1 education1 & free *oice to act diff]5tly1 :ile ! poor are m]ely ! slaves ( ! ov]:elm+ =ce ( circum/ances & ! victims ( a sy/em :i* !y h nei!r ! intellig5ce to und]/& nor ! p[] to resi/4 ,! foll[+ au!ntic in=mation1 bas$ on actual facts & n he>say1 w give "s small idea ( :at ?is sugge/$ inve/igation might produce4 ,extracts are also giv5 f reports on ! /ate ( ! poor = ! sake ( complet5ess r ?an contra/4 ,= in/ance1 we read a brief description ( ! h\sehold ( a man ( 8no occupation03 8,m>ri$4 ,two rooms2 two *ildr52 p>i% relief2 ill1 incapable4 ,two little girls1 "o consumptive4 ,! rooms are mis]able1 badly v5tilat$ & damp4 ,?is h\se %>es "o closet ) six o!r h\ses1 & "o wat] tap ) ?ree o!rs40 ,or ( a 8regul> loaf]03 8,m>ri$4 ,two rooms2 "o *ild4 ,wife sews4 ,h\se v d>k on acc\nt ( high build+s opposite4 ,kept tidy & clean4 ,?is h\se %>es "o closet ) two o!r h\ses1 & "o wat] tap ) six o!rs40#bj ,surely we ought to "k ! description1 ?\gh x _c be s brief1 ( ! h\sehold ( ano!r man ( 8no occupation03 8,m>ri$4 ,two *ildr54 ,f\r h\ses4 ,london h\se1 ---- ,/reet1 ,w4 ,sixty-two rooms2 "o ( ! c\ntry h\ses consid]ably l>g]4 ,?irty-six indoor s]vants3 #a h\se /ew>d4 #b grooms ( ! *amb]4 #a valet4 #b "u butl]s4 #c footm54 #b /ew>d's room footm54 #a gate port]4 #a hall port]4 #a u%] ( ! s]vants' hall4 #b odd m54 #a h\se c>p5t]4 #a *ef4 #a kit*5 port]4 #d kit*5 & scull]y maids4 #b /ill-room maids4 #f h\semaids4 #a l95 maid4 #a lady's maid4 #a h\sekeep]4 #b nurses4 ,owns ab\t #bj1jjj acres ( l&4 7,a l>g] /aff ( s]vants ?an ?is c\ld be quot$4 ,9 "o c\ntry h\se z _m z t5 h\semaids are kept470 ,or let u take ! inhabitants ( a six-room$ h\se3 8,gr\nd floor1 9 ! front room lives a wid[ :o does repair+ & is v poor4 ,! back room is occupi$ by two pro/itutes4 ,on ! fir/ floor front room live man & wife ) sev5 *ildr54 ,he loafs & %e wa%es4 ,!y are v dirty & mis]ably poor4 ,at ! back live a man & woman ) two *ildr54 ,he is consumptive & does no?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,%e goes out begg+ ) ! *ildr54 ,on ! top floor 9 two rooms are man & wife ) eight *ildr54 ,he sp5ds 8 "t ab\t ! public-h\ses4 ,%e does any?+ %e c4 ,! elde/ boy1 a dec5t lad1 is at a *emi/'s %op1 b he is consumptive4 ,six rooms2 tw5ty-six p40#ba ,! occupation ( tw5ty-six ( ! p :o live 9 ano!r h\se conta9+ sev5ty-two rooms is z foll[s3 ,butl] 7wages #abj71bb valet1 groom ( ! *amb]s1 "u butl]1 ?ree footm51 "o /ew>d's room footman1 u%] ( ! s]vants' hall1 odd man1 *ef 7wages #aej71bb kit*5 port]1 f\r kit*5 & scull]y maids1 five h\semaids1 two /ill-room maids1 "o lady's maid1 "o ne$lewoman1 "o h\sekeep]4 ,?is /aff m9i/]s to ! wants ( a man1 8 wife1 & ?ree *ildr54 ,9 ! c\ntry1 at a /one's ?r[ f "o ano!r1 we f9d a man1 a f>m lab\r]1 liv+ ) 8 wife & six *ildr5 9 a f\r-room$ cottage on #ads4 a week1 & ano!r man1 )\t any p]man5t employm5t1 liv+ ) 8 wife & a /aff ( tw5ty-?ree indoor s]vants 9 a h\se conta9+ ov] sixty rooms1 ) ! *oice ( two o!r l>ge c\ntry h\ses & a ,london h\se1 & own+ ov] #ej1jjj acres ( l&1 a great deal ( :i* is kept = %oot+4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry ! m$ical (fic] ( ! c\nty reports3 8,9 a h\se consi/+ ( liv+-room1 b$room1 & a small scull]y live fa!r1 "m1 ?ree sons1 also ?ree *ildr5 "u t5 & two m5 lodg]s4 ,sev5 sleep 9 ! b$room1 :i* has a l[ ceil+ & has be5 divid$1 & five sleep 9 ! liv+-room2 ! only w9d[ ( ! latt] room w n op51 & ! w9d[ ( ! divid$ up/airs room is ne> ! floor level40 ,! l&lord & "l ( ! manor ( ?is di/rict lives ) 8 wife & family 9 a h\se conta9+ ov] "o hundr$ rooms1 & is att5d$ by a /aff ( =ty-f\r indoor s]vants4 ,he has ! *oice ( ?ree o!r c\ntry resid5ces & a t[n h\se1 & owns ov] #ahf1jjj acres4 ,we f9d "s wom5 occupi$ 9 ! foll[+ way3 8,mrs4 ,b4 & h] daught] support !mselves on %irt "w4 ,! "m is a %irt f9i%]1 ! daught] a ma*9i/4 ,!y "w sev5 or eight h\rs a day--! daught]'s book %[s an av]age ( #aas4 #c;d4 ov] f\r weeks--! "m's #is4 #a;d4 ov] n9e weeks4 ,:5 ! "m e>ns #ajs4 x means work+ f #e3cj a4m4 till #aj or #aa p4m4 ,%e gets #b;d4 p] doz5 = f9i%+1 i4e4 #gb buttons & #dh b>s40#bc ,or3 8,mrs4 ,c4 is always busy m5d+1 mak+1 wa%+1 or bak+1 & c]ta9ly makes ! be/ ( all t comes 9 h] way4 ,%e /ates t %e c nev] af=d money = recreation or = a holiday out ( ! t[n40#bd ,:ile o!rs are occupi$ z foll[s3 ,e>ly cup ( tea1 "o h\r = dress+1 late breakfa/1 writ+ notes1 two h\rs %opp+1 half an h\r = dress+1 "o h\r = lun*eon 7?ree c\rses71 drive1 pay or receive calls1 qu>t] ( an h\r = dress+1 "o & a half h\r = tea & gossip1 an h\r's re/1 "o h\r = dress+1 "o & a half h\r = d9n] 7six c\rses72 !atre1 ball1 or bridge2 supp]1 b$4 ,we might h hit ^u ! day 9 ! week on :i* an h\r or s 0 devot$ to an 8intellectual0 lecture or a committee meet+ = "s *>ity4 ,! annual av]age e/imates ( clo?+ are in/ructive3 ,,female s4 d4 ,boots #i #j ,dress #h #j ,bl\se #b #j ,aprons #b #j ,/ock+s #a #f ,und]clo?+ #b #aj ,/ays #b #f ,hats #a #f ,jacket & %awl #b #f -------- #ca #aj ,to balance ?is we f9d3 ,,female ,boots & %oes #cj ,dresses1 ev5+ & day #agj ,bl\ses #be ,aprons #j ,und]clo?+ #abj ,hats #de ,cloaks & furs #fe ,gloves #bj ,veils1 boas1 sc>ves1 etc #gj ----- #ede ,a fair av]age in/ance has be5 tak54 ,d\ble ?is am\nt is q common4 ,! case might be giv5 ( a woman :o 9 #aijh sp5t 9 g[ns1 coats1 & cloaks alone #bjij 9 two mon?s4 ,on ! o!r h& a woman ( ! same class1 a pe]'s daught]1 liv+ 9 ! top floor ( ---- ,road at #es4 a week r5t has to adju/ h] dress budget to fit 9 ) an income ( #fj a ye>4 ,,male3 s4 d4 ,boots #aa #j ,socks #c #j ,coat & wai/coat 7second-h&7 #e #f ,tr\s]s #g #f ,ov]coat 7second-h&1 #aes41 la/s ?ree ye>s7 #e #j ,%irts #d #j ,cap & sc>f #a #cbe ---------- #cg #c ,,ano!r ,,male3 s4 d4 ,boots & %oes #ce #j #j ,suits 7day1 ev5+1 %oot+1 & flannels7 #ij #j #j ,socks1 und]clo?+1 gloves1 h&k]*iefs1 :ite wai/coats1 etc4 #hf #j #j ,hats & caps #aj #aj #j ,ov]coats #ce #j #j --------------- #bef #aj #j ,a normal case has be5 purposely *os54 ,! budget might h be5 giv5 ( a man :o has t5 ev5+ suits1 sp5ds #aj a mon? on gloves & ties1 & pays #bes4 apiece = 8 pocket-h&k]*iefs4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( clo!s1 "o or two extracts may be quot$ conc]n+ ^? :o help to make !m3 8,mrs4 ---- gets #bs4 #f;d4 a doz5 = mak+ coats & #bs4 #c;d4 a doz5 = reef]s1 & says t5 ye>s ago %e got #es4 a doz52 eighte5 ye>s ago #as41 #as4 #f;d41 & #bs4 a coat2 & 9 h] e>ly days1 :5 mo/ ( ! "w 0 done by h&1 #es4 a coat40 8,mrs4 ,k4 makes artificial fl[]s :5 %e c get "w4 ,:5 visit$1 %e 0 work+ at sprays ) tw5ty-f\r small fl[]s1 leaves1 & /em1 at #a;d4 p] spray40 8,miss ,b4 makes elaborate net bl\ses ) tucks & ins]tion = #as4 to #as4 #d;d4 ea*4 ,! :olesale price = ^! bl\ses is #hs4 #aa;d41 & ! retail price #abs4 to #aes40 8,a mak] ( pyjamas 0 paid #aas4 #c;d4 = entirely mak+ a doz5 suits1 b gave up ! "w & took to %irt-mak+1 because ! employ] f\nd someone :o w\ld d x = #fs4 #c;d40#bf ,food (f]s1 p]haps1 ! mo/ /rik+ /udy4 ,9 mak+ ?is analysis x w\ld almo/ seem necess>y to rememb] t ! cubic capacity ( ! adult human /oma* does n v>y to any appreciable ext5t1 &1 on ! :ole1 appetite is liable to be ke5] ) ^? :o endure physical toil ?an ) ^? :o d no?+4 ,aga91 no extreme in/ances1 "o way or ! o!r1 w be giv54 ,man1 wife1 & *ild = five weeks3#bg s4 d4 ,meat & liv] #h #e ,potatoes & vegetables #b #c ,fi% #j #i ,bacon1 eggs1 & *eese #c #f ,suet #a #j ,butt] & dripp+ #b #i ,bread #h #i ,fl\r #d #a ,rice #j #f ,fruit1 jam1 & sug> #h #d ,milk #c #b ,tea & c(fee #c #f ,pepp] & salt #j #b --------------- #b #g #d ,av]age = "o week #i #e ,or man1 wife1 two boys1 & a girl3 s4 d4 ,food & dr9k = ?ree weeks #b #j #g ,av]age = "o week #j #ac #f ,! /udy ( ! diet ( ?is family reveals a defici5cy ( #be 9 ! prote9 & #g 9 fuel value4#bh ,h\sehold books = "o week--sev5 9 family1 n9ete5 s]vants3 ,but*] #afbi ,bak] #e ,p\lt]] #ab ,dairy #i ,fruit1 fl[]s1 vegetables #af ,fi%mong] #i ,groc] #e --- #gb 7,two d9n] p>ties 7 giv5 dur+ ! week47 ,! h\sehold ( an 8unemploy$ man10 liv+ 9 ---- ,squ>e1 ,s4,w41 f\r 9 family & f\rte5 s]vants3 s4 d4 ,but*] #ae #b #g ,gre5groc] #aj #aj #j ,ice m]*ant #a #ah #j ,fi%mong] #g #aj #j ,groc] #e #e #j ,milkman #d #aj #j ,p\lt]] #ab #j #j ,bak] #c #ag #j -------------- #fj #ab #g ,9 addition1 ?ree hundr$ eggs 7 s5t up f ! c\ntry1 z well z fruit1 vegetables1 & a little p\ltry4 ,"o or two gue/s 7 ent]ta9$ at lun*eon1 b ! family d9$ out "o night ( ! week4 ,! laundry bill 9 ?is h\se av]ages #ch a mon?4 ,! co/ ( coal 9 "o h\sehold = ! ye>1 #hjj4 ,o!r examples3 ,h\sehold books3 f\r 9 family1 twelve s]vants--"o week1 #di4 ,h\sehold books3 five 9 family1 f\rte5 s]vants--"o week1 #fc4 ,a s+le meal3 ,bread #a;d4 ,*eese #a;d4 lb4 ( meat #c;d4 ,potatoes & onions #b;d4 ,jam #a;d4 p9t ( be] #b;d4 --- #aj;d4 ,ano!r meal3 ,cantal\p ,glac4 ,tortue ,claire4 ,bisque ,nantua4 ,truites ,saumones ,mi*igan4 ,m\sse de ,jambon l',escurial4 ,selle d',agneau ,montefiore4 ,p\l>de ,/rasb\rgeoise4 ,salade ,indi5ne4 ,cailles flanqus d',ortolans4 ,asp]ges ,v]ts4 ,sauce ,m\sseuse4 ,p*es ,frambois9es4 ,fri&ises4 ,fan*onettes ,suisses4 ,hock1 ,cl>et1 ,port1 ,c(fee1 & ,liqueurs4 ,?is d9n] = tw5ty p co/ #fj1 or #c a head1 )\t w9e4 ,if ! figures 9 ^! in/ances1 ) reg>d to food exp5diture1 really repres5t$ quantities consum$1 ! dang]s f ov]fe$+ 9 ! "o set ( cases w\ld f> exce$ ! dang]s f und]fe$+ 9 ! o!r4 ,! *e]ful bell t ann\nces ! s]vants' midday meal no d\bt h]alds ! consumption ( a va/ am\nt ( food2 b x is a debatable po9t :e!r %e] wa/e does n acc\nt = almo/ z mu*4 ,qu>ts ( cream are empti$ d[n ! s9k1 jo9ts & birds only half eat5 are ?r[n away1 & ! pig-tub receives a ri* en\gh all[ance ( vegetables1 fruit1 & cakes to satisfy ! appetite ( a l>ge family4 ,9 fact1 9 "o h\se1 :]e ! h\sehold books av]ag$ #fc a week1 ! matt] 0 look$ into1 & a r$uction 0 made to #cd )\t any dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( s]vants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,danc+ is a =m ( amusem5t appreciat$ by all classes4 ,at ---- ,hall1 ,fulham1 & _m o!r simil> places ! tickets = ! ,saturday night dance co/ #i;d4 ea*4 ,if two hundr$ p are pres5t1 ! co/ w\ld be #g #ajs42 all[+ #c;d4 a head = refre%m5ts 7#b #ajs471 ! total am\nt w be #aj4 ,at ---- ,hotel1 ,s4,w41 a ball 0 giv5 lately = two hundr$ p1 co/+ #abcg4 ,grant+ t ! am\nt ( enjoym5t d]iv$ f ^! two ent]ta9m5ts is equal1 ?\gh 9 all probability !re w\ld be m g5u9e & hone/ pleasure 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt]1 ! two sums simply repres5t ! diff]5t /&>ds ( liv+4 ,t t5 or ev5 tw5ty times z mu* may be sp5t to give p :o are accu/om$ to a high] scale ( liv+ ! same am\nt ( pleasure is p]haps intelligible1 b x seems to require a sum :i* am\nts to "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree times z mu*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,two ba*elors take a night's lodg+4 ,! "o1 a work+ man1 goes to ---- ,h\se1 ,s4,e4 8,work+ ,m5's ,hotel1 accommodation = #hjj b$s4 #f;d4 p] night4 ,tea1 c(fee1 & cocoa always ready1 d4 p] small cup1 #a;d4 p] l>ge cup4 ,hot s\p or porridge1 #a;d4 & #a;d4 p] bas94 ,cut f ! jo9t & two vegetables1 #e;d4 on week-days only2 on ,sundays1 #f;d4 ,beef/eak pudd+ & two vegetables1 #d;d40 ,8 night's /ay1 ) supp] & breakfa/1 w\ld co/ r ov] "o %ill+4 ,! o!r w g to ---- ,hotel1 ,s4,w4 7= m5 :o d n "w74 s4 d4 ,room #j #ab #j ,d9n]1 ) bottle ( cl>et #a #g #j ,c(fee1 liqueur1 :isky-&-soda #j #e #j ,breakfa/ #j #f #j ,tips #j #aj #j -------------- #c #j #j 7,!re are suites ( rooms 9 ^! hotels = ?ree to n9e gu9eas a day1 :i* are all occupi$ dur+ ! season47 99 99 99 99 99 ,if1 in/ead ( ^! few isolat$ in/ances ( ! co/ ( liv+1 clo!s1 & ent]ta9m5t1 a sy/ematically compil$ li/ c\ld be furni%$ tabulat+ "s hundr$s ( cases1 x w\ld give a mu* m complete idea ( ! habits & cu/oms ( ?is /ratum ( society4 ,& x w\ld %[ t ! cases "h quot$ are fair examples ( av]age normal exp5diture4 ,9 bo? ! extremes ( excess1 at ! top & at ! bottom1 !re are hopeless trag$ies4 7a7 ,mrs4 ,l41 a m>ri$ daught] ( ! deceas$1 said ! old c\ple occupi$ a back room = :i* !y paid #as4 #f;d4 a week4 ,! ,coron]4 ,h ! old p en\gh to live on8 ,witness4 ,fa!r c\ld n "w1 & "m sold mat*es & laces to keep ?+s go+ z be/ %e c\ld1 b1 ( c\rse1 %e c\ld n e>n m ?an ab\t #cs4 a week4 ,! ,coron]4 ,!n %e _c h _h en\gh to eat1 z aft] pay+ r5t ?is old c\ple h only _h #as4 #f;d4 a week to live on1 a mo/ awful ?+ to contemplate4 ,witness4 ,no1 ,i don't ?9k %e did h en\gh to eat1 & %e _h be5 v bad 9 heal? also4 ,poor old "m us$ to "w v h>d = ye>s at ! wa%-tub1 b h] /r5g? fail$ h] at ! la/2 b %e battl$ on to keep dad4 ,! ,m$ical ,(fic] said dea? 0 prim>ily due to pneumonia & pleurisy4 ,! ,coron]4 ,is x a case ( want8 ,witness4 ,yes4 ,! ,coron]4 ,c ,i class x 9 my report z a dea? f />vation8 ,witness4 ,yes4 ,! ,coron]4 ,x is a pitiful /ory & "o t is gett+ all too frequ5t4 ,! jury return$ a v]dict ( 8,dea? f />vation40 7b7 xxx1#jjj a ye> & money accumulat+4 ,at fir/ ! enjoym5t ( ! pleasures :i* money c give4 ,! money cont9u$ to accumulate4 ,dawn+ realisation t x did n mean happ9ess1 t x did n mean ev5 heal?1 & t affection & gratitude _c be b\ght4 ,! money /ill accumulat+4 ,all wants1 rational & irrational1 satisfi$3 ! />t+ ( peculi> fads1 caprici\s gifts1 fanta/ic *>ities4 ,! money /ill accumulat+4 ,ennui1 disillusionm5t1 gradual exhau/ion & depression4 ,rec\rse _h to "s novel =m ( excitem5t2 refuge tak5 9 /imulants4 ,! money /ill accumulat+1 b sl[ly *ok+4 ,despair1 complete demoralisation1 & at la/ welcome dea?4 ,! money /ill accumulat+1 to drag d[n "s heir & claim ano!r victim4 ,let u see h[ ! two sorts ( cr[ds h impress$ two writ]s4 8,:at /ruck e obs]vant delegate 0 ! utt] blankness ( ! faces t look$ up at u f ! pavem5t or d[n on u f ! w9d[s1 ) sc>cely en\gh capacity = human int]e/ to wond] :o we 7 & :at we want$4 ,nev] a sign ( hum\r4 ,/oop$ %\ld]s1 holl[ *e/s1 a%-col\r$ faces1 lightless eyes1 &1 gha/lie/ ( all1 m\?s ) bloodless gums & only "h & !re a useful too?4 ,lit]ally hundr$s ( wom5 betwe5 sev5te5 & sev5ty cr[d$ close to our motor-c>s t day1 & ! m>ks 7 on !m all40#cj ,&3 8,y\rs is ! ?ree hundr$? c>riage 9 ?is r[ t blocks ! road = half a mile4 ,9 ! two hundr$ & n9ety-n9e t came be=e ! f\r hundr$ t come aft] y are sitt+1 too1 ) y\r face be=e y unsee+ eyes4 ,res5t$ :ile y ga!r$ be+2 br\ght into ! _w ) ! mo/ di/+ui%$ skill2 rememb]$ by y\r "m :5 ! :im came to h]2 taught to believe t life consi/s 9 c>+ = y\r clean1 well-n\ri%$ body & y\r mann] t no?+ usual c di/urb2 taught to reg>d ,society z ! little r+ ( m5 & wom5 t y see1 & to feel y\r bus9ess is to "k ! next ?+ t y want & get x giv5 y2 y h nev] _h a *ance4 ,sitt+ !re 9 y\r sev5 hundr$ c>riages y are bl9d--9 he>t & s\l & voice & walk--! bl9de/ creatures 9 ! _w 444 & y are *>m+ to u :o1 l y\r footman1 _c see ! label #8,bl9d4' ,! cut ( y\r g[n is p]fect1 ! dress+ ( y\r hair ! late/1 ! trimm+ ( y\r hat lat] /ill2 y\r tricks ( spee* ! v ?+2 y droop y\r eyelids to ! life1 y h n too mu* p[d]2 x is a lesson 9 grace to see y hold y\r p>asol4 ,! doll ( ,nature6 ,s s9ce y 7 born2 s until y die60#ca ,if ! sugge/$ volume1 ,! ,life & ,leisure ( "s ,p1 or ,ri*es3 a ,/udy ( ,t[n ,life is ev] writt51 any comm5t on ! c>efully tabulat$ inve/igations w\ld be q unnecess>y4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! books on ,pov]ty1 ! b>e /atem5t ( facts is eloqu5t en\gh by itself4 ,mr4 ,r[ntree concludes 8 book ) ?is pregnant phrase3 8,t 9 ?is l& ( ab\nd+ weal?1 dur+ a "t (1 p]haps1 unexampl$ prosp]ity1 probably m ?an a qu>t] ( ! population are liv+ 9 pov]ty is a fact t may well cause great se>*+s ( he>t40 ,?is might be p>aphras$3 8,t 9 ?is l&1 :]e m ?an a qu>t] ( ! population are liv+ 9 pov]ty1 ! ab\nd+ weal? ( ! c\ntry %\ld be reta9$ by a comp>atively small numb] ( p1 :o squ&] _! ri*es 9 a way t br+s no happ9ess to !mselves & inflicts mis]y & h>d%ips on o!rs1 is a fact t may well cause great se>*+s ( he>t40 ,*apt] ,,ix ,religion & money--,attitude ( cl]gy--,emphatic condemnation ( ri*es by ,*ri/--,notable texts & say+s--,want ( conviction--,importance atta*$ to dogmatic religion--,necessity = /rong] d5unciation4 8,! religion we pr(ess has = "o ( its mo/ significant & sali5t features ! d5unciation ( weal? z a tru/ or a pursuit3 ,*ri/ianity condemns ri*es z a sn>e1 a dang]1 & almo/ a s91 & ev5 ,pagan-nurtur$ sages & /atesm5 are nev] we>y ( po9t+ out h[ ?is disa/r\s passion vitiates all our e/imates ( life & its enjoym5ts1 & fo/]s & exasp]ates all our social sores4 ,yet 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 p]haps ! two mo/ s9c]ely ,*ri/ian nations 9 ! _w--"o ! cradle1 ! o!r ! (fspr+ ( ,puritanism--! pursuit ne>e/ to a univ]sal "o1 ! passion like/ to a national "o is money-gett+2 n ! ef=t aft] compet5ce or com=t1 b ! pu%+1 jo/l+1 trampl+ /ruggle = va/ possessions or r$undant afflu5ce40 ,! above is a quotation f ! ,enigmas ( ,life1 by ,w4 ,r4 ,greg4 ,he wrote ?is 9 #ahgc1 & ! passage goes on to obs]ve t !re 7 signs ( a s\nd] p]ception :i* might h]ald a reaction aga9/ ! /ruggle = money4 ,8 =eca/1 h[ev]1 0 wrong1 = ev5 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s ! scramble has become mu* wild]1 ! p[] ( weal? great]1 ! influ5ce ( ! weal?y m ext5sive1 & ! millionaire m common1 :ile luxuri\s liv+ has out/ripp$ all reasonable b\nds4 ,! ,*ri/ian condemnation ( ri*es rema9s z emphatic z :5 x 0 fir/ utt]$1 b ! ,*ur* cont9ues to expla9 x away or to disreg>d x1 & ! cl]gy z a :ole nei!r prea* x nor d !y attempt to practise ! doctr9e laid d[n by _! ,ma/]4 ,! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 fact1 are among ! readie/ to accept ! hi]>*y ( mod]n society f\nd$ on ! gradations & valuations ( weal?4 ,ev5 9 ! village *ur*es ! v seats are assign$ 9 su* a way z to ackn[l$ge ! worldly /&>d ( means4 ,! front r[s are res]v$ = ! squires & _! dep5d5ts1 ! 8g5try0 beh9d !m1 ! 8poor0 at ! back2 :ile ! vic> inconsi/5tly decl>es f ! pulpit t !y are all equal 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,! ,*ur* z a pr(ession 7e decade x becomes m ( a pr(ession & less ( a call+7 is arrang$ on ! ord9>y worldly sy/em ( increase ( sal>y accord+ to rank & promotion4 ,&1 inde$1 if x 7 sugge/$ to !m t an increase ( _! spiritual practically impli$ & necessitat$ a decrease ( _! mat]ial responsibilities1 & t ! p]=mance ( ! =m] is by _! own te/imony int]f]$ ) by ! exi/5ce ( ! latt]1 ) a v few exceptions !y w\ld sc(f at su* a fanciful idea4 ,if confront$ ) ! words ( ! ,gospel on ! subject ( ri*es1 !y %uffle & seek excuses by decl>+ t !y are figurative1 & t !y po9t to an ideal :i* un=tunately is unpractical & n compatible ) our mod]n social sy/em1 :i* 9 its highly 8civilis$0 developm5t has got beyond extreme & uncompromis+ maxims ( t k9d4 ,b we _c get beyond :at is et]nally true1 nor surely %\ld we desi/ f "s attempt to rea* =w>d t[>ds x1 h[ev] unatta9able & di/ant ! ideal may seem4 ,:atev] d\bts ,*ri/ians may h z to :at ,*ri/'s mean+ 0 9 "s ( ,8 prea*+1 !re c be no two op9ions z to ,8 view on ?is po9t4 ,!re is diametrical opposition betwe5 ,8 injunctions & our belief4 ,! _w says no?+ makes life easi] ?an to h money & possessions2 ,*ri/ianity says no?+ makes life m difficult4 ,z a body ! cl]gy see no?+ incongru\s 9 tak+ up ?is /& on ! side ( ! ri*2 !y ov]look _! consequ5t e/rangem5t f ! poor1 & !y ignore ! fact t !y are gradually drift+ away f any close contact & sympa?y ) ! life & s\l ( ! p4 ,! ela/icity ( _! religion has am\nt$ 9 ?is case1 z 9 o!rs1 to its di/ortion4 ,long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era philosoph]s prop\nd$ ?is same doctr9e1 & _m re=m]s h done s s9ce4 ,z a s+le in/ance we ne$ only repeat ! words ( ,sir ,?omas ,m3 8,= :]e is ! ju/ice t noblem51 goldsmi?s1 & usur]s & ^? classes :o ei!r d no?+ at all or 9 :at !y d are ( no great s]vice to ! commonweal?1 %\ld live a g5teel & spl5did life 9 idl5ess or unproductive lab\r2 :il/ 9 ! meantime ! s]vant1 ! waggon]1 ! me*anic1 & ! peasant toil+ almo/ long] & h>d] ?an ! horse1 9 lab\r s necess>y t no commonweal? c\ld endure a ye> )\t x1 lead a life s wret*$ t ! condition ( ! horse seems m to be envi$8444 ,?us aft] c>eful reflection1 x seems to me1 z ,i hope = m]cy1 t our mod]n republics are no?+ b a conspiracy ( ! ri* pursu+ _! own selfi% int]e/s "u ! "n ( a republic4 ,!y devise & inv5t all ways & means :]eby !y may1 9 ! fir/ place1 secure to !mselves ! possession ( :at !y h amass$ by evil means2 & 9 ! second place1 secure to _! own use & pr(it ! "w & lab\r ( ! poor at ! l[e/ possible price40 ,w\ld he f9d words to express himself 7 he alive to-day8 ,b ( !m all no "o has emphasis$ s cle>ly or insi/$ s /rongly on ! vanity & dang] ( worldly goods z ,*ri/ did4 ,! ri* man consults ,him1 & tells ,him t all ! *ief comm&m5ts he has obs]v$ f 8 y\?4 ,b ,*ri/ sees :at is amiss1 & ! man goes away griev+1 8,= he _h great possessions40 ,!n foll[s ! great g5]alisation3 8,h[ h>dly %all !y t h ri*es ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* man to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,god40 ,z to :e!r or n ! 8ne$le's eye0 0 ! "n ( a n>r[ gate ( ! city ?r\gh :i* heavily lad5 camels c\ld n pass1 does n signify4 ,! mean+ is cle> beyond "q4 ,9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god ^u e>?1 t is an ideally con/itut$ human society1 !re is no place = a man encumb]$ ) ri*es2 8 pres5ce w\ld assur$ly di/urb ! ev5 balance ( ! :ole4 ,r\sseau saw t x 0 a condition ( good gov]nm5t t no citiz5 %\ld be ri* en\gh to buy ano!r1 & no citiz5 poor en\gh to be compell$ to sell himself4#cb ,if all ! social organisation ( humanity1 ! arrangem5t ( :i* re/s app>5tly to a great ext5t 9 our control1 7 s con/itut$ z to all[ ea* man a full compet5ce1 f> f its produc+ a dead5+ equality z "s pret5d1 x w\ld free ! human race to make ! mo/ ( its v>i$ natural capacities & tal5ts :i* are n[ mo/ly lo/1 & a competition ( a*ievem5t & s]vice f\nd$ on altruism w\ld take ! place ( a competition = ga9 & pr(it bas$ on egoism4 ,! ideal may be unatta9able = ! pres5t because we h drift$ s f> f x1 b t is no reason = disc>d+ x altoge!r & turn+ our faces 9 ! exactly opposite direction4 ,!re are _m o!r equally notewor?y say+s 9 ! ,gospels1 /al$ by cu/om & famili> to mo/ ( u 9 ! same way z ! ,*ur* s]vice becomes famili> to *ildr5 )\t _! und]/&+ "o s+le syllable ( :at x all means4 8,lay n up = y\rselves treasures ^u e>?1 :]e ! mo? & ru/ corrupt1 & :]e ?ieves break ?r\gh & /eal40 ,& aga91 8,! se$s t fell among ?orns1 & ! ?orns grew up & *ok$ !m1 & !y yield$ no fruit4 ,^! are su* z he> ! ,^w1 & ! c>es ( ! _w & ! deceitfulness ( ri*es & ! lu/ ( o!r ?+s ent]+ 91 *oke ! ,^w & x become? unfruitful40 ,& yet aga9 ! p>able ( ! ri* man & ,laz>us4 ,^! are n m]e fanta/ic & rhetorical figures ( spee*1 b are a few ( ! _m in/ances ( ! reit]at$ insi/5ce on ! supreme importance ( ! disp]sal ( ! ri*es heap$ 9 ! h&s ( ! few4 ,x is ne$less to multiply texts to prove t x is "o ( ! c>d9al doctr9es ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,he 0 pr(\ndly impress$ ) ! imp$im5t1 ! h&icap1 ! burd5 ( weal?1 ! undis*>geable responsibility :i* weighs m5 d[n & incapacitates !m f p>ticipat+ 9 a ju/] & m p]fect arrangem5t ( society4 ,& d[n ?r\gh ! ages _m a great m9d has /rongly endors$ ?is la/+ tru? :i*1 let x be rememb]$1 ?\gh ! _w is bl9d to x1 is z /rictly utilit>ian z x is moral4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! lea/ complex ab\t ?is tea*+4 ,x is almo/ self-evid5t2 f> easi] to tea* & f> simpl] to prea* ?an ! intricate speculative tangles ( dogma :i* are ca/ l nets f pulpits ov] ! m9ds ( congregations4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce1 t :ile ! latt] is only an intellectual ef=t on ! "p ( ! prea*] or on ! "p ( "s o!r div9e :o has prompt$ him1 ! r5unciation ( worldly ri*es _c be prea*$ by any man :o makes no attempt to practise x4 ,! cl]gy are l ! re/ ( u1 !y d n really believe 9 x2 !y _c !re=e act z if !y did2 !y are p]suad$ 9 _! inmo/ he>ts t to be ri*] mu/ mean to be happi]1 & s !y take refuge 9 :at is = _! congregations ! less compreh5sible & = !mselves1 !re=e1 ! less emb>rass+ side ( _! religion4 ,accord+ly1 f our moral physicians we c get no guidance1 on ! contr>y1 ) a v few notable exceptions1 !y enc\rage ! fallaci\s belief 9 money-mak+1 & slur ov] ?is important "p ( ,*ri/'s message4 ,:y did ,he associate ) ! poor & *oose ,8 disciples f among _! ranks8 ,n because ,he hop$ to enri* !m1 b because _! defici5cy 9 worldly goods made !m f]tile gr\nd = ! se$ ( ,8 doctr9e ( self-sacrifice & humility4 ,if we reject ,8 tea*+1 well & good1 we c disc>d ?is ) ! re/1 b x is j ^? :o d ! mo/ lip s]vice to dogmatic ,*ri/ianity :o calmly ignore ?is unqualifi$ ess5tial4 ,x w\ld be unfair to insi/ t no ,*ur*m5 are aw>e ( ^! dang]s4 ,occasionally a voice speaks out boldly4 8,we are n 9 t\* ) ! mass ( ! lab\r+ p10 says ! ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham4 8,is n ! reason ( ?is because we are ! ,*ur* ( ! ri* r ?an ( ! poor--( capital r ?an ( lab\r8 ,by ?is ,i mean t 9 ! /rata ( ,society ! ,*ur* works f above r ?an f bel[4 ,! op9ions & ! prejudices t are associat$ ) its adm9i/ration z a :ole are ! op9ions & prejudices ( ! high] & high] middle classes r ?an ( ! wage e>n]s4444 ,capital & lab\r are names n[ = great class int]e/s & organisations repres5t+ m5 9 _m1 & ! ,*ur* f9ds itself 9 fact & on ! :ole mov+ 9 ! grooves :i* are precisely ^? f :i* ,*ri/ w>n$ u (f3 x f9ds itself express+ ! po9t ( view :i* is precisely n t :i* ,*ri/ *ose = ,8 ,*ur*4444 ,our :ole sy/em ( ,*ur* *>ity expresses a b\nty adm9i/]$ out ( b5evol5t feel+1 by a weal? :i* makes no apology = enjoy+ itself to a pov]ty :i* x makes no pret5ce to %>e40#cc ,or ! ,bi%op ( ,man*e/] to ! ,*ur* ,congress 9 #aijh3 8,i sugge/ t our religi\s revival may lead u to a new appreciation ( ! _s ( bro!rhood--"o ( ! great ideals ( ! democratic movem5t4 ,secondly1 ,i sugge/ t our religi\s revival may take ! =m ( a mission to ! weal?y & prosp]\s4 ,x is ! curse ( ri*es t !y blur & ev5 conceal altoge!r ! heav5ly vision4 ,!y t5d to make pleasure ! bus9ess ( life4 ,a man's weal? is measur$ by ! "t & money t he c sp5d on amusem5t4 ,s ! outlook1 n only ( ! ri*1 b ( all classes1 becomes n>r[$ & confus$40 ,& ( c\rse o!r in/ances c\ld be quot$1 b ! ma9 body ( ! ,*ur* %[s no disposition to foll[4 ,!y are b\nd to ! gov]n+ classes1 & ! gov]n+ classes h ! money & !re=e ! p[] su* z x is4 ,! ,free ,*ur*es on ! :ole are bold]1 = !y deal ) a simpl] class4 ,b nei!r d !y tirelessly condemn money-hunt+1 because1 be+ poor !mselves1 !y are f> too dep5d5t on ! l>ge subscriptions ( ! ri*] memb]s ( _! congregations4 ,b n ev5 by build+ *apels c a ri* man ju/ify himself1 ?\gh he may be bless$ z a b5efactor by 8 co-religioni/s4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics too1 :o anyh[ 9 _! *ur*es d n give any special privileges to rank1 h _! tongues ti$ by ! lavi% donations ( ri* & noble patrons :i* !y are only too glad to receive4 ,to emphasise ! ,*ri/ian condemnation ( ! ri* man w\ld !re=e n be politic or 9 accordance ) :at !y conceive to be _! be/ int]e/s4 ,x is n z if ,*ri/ians ( all sects & d5om9ations c\ld n discov] texts & argum5ts en\gh 9 _! ,bibles to support !m 7 !y to alt] ?is c\rse & advance c\rage\sly along ! /raight way4 ,! be/ words ev] utt]$ on ! evil & folly ( ri*es are to be f\nd 9 its pages 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z well z ! ,new4 ,a collection ( ^! say+s w\ld =m ! /ronge/ indictm5t ( weal? t c\ld be fram$4 ,!re is ! great ,prov]b1 8,a good "n is r to be s\ght ?an great ri*es1 & lov+ fav\r r ?an silv] & gold40 ,or ! passage f ,job1 8,?\gh he heap up silv] z ! du/ & prep>e raim5t z ! day1 he may prep>e x1 b ! j %all put x on & ! innoc5t %all divide ! silv]10 & 8,w he e/eem ?y ri*es8 ,no1 n gold nor all ! =ces ( /r5g?40 ,or ! ,psalmi/'s w>n+1 8,if ri*es increase1 set n y\r he>t ^u !m40 ,or ! words ( ,ecclesia/es1 8,!re is a sore evil :i* ,i h se5 "u ! sun1 namely1 ri*es kept = ! own]s !re( to _! hurt40 ,b we mu/ resi/ ! temptation ( mak+ a collection ( quotations "h4 ,! decl>ations ( ?is tru? are well kn[n1 ev5 ?\gh !y may n be accept$ or appreciat$4 ,! tru? ab\t money may /ill be look$ ^u z impracticable ,utopianism2 "o day x may be discov]$ to be s\nd economics4 ,! practice ( re/ra9t & r5unciation is n only !oretically s\nd1 b bo? subjectively & objectively exp$i5t4 ,!re is1 we mu/ confess1 a recurr+ note 9 mod]n ?\ght1 ! con/ant use ( :i* is am\nt+ almo/ to a popul> mann]ism4 ,x is a me?od ( reason+ :i* incl9es m5 to spurn deep convictions or /rong s+le-m9d$ purpose z clumsy1 unc\?1 & unphilosophic1 & to welcome 9 _! place involv$ g5]alisations & a _s ( ab/ract compromise & !oretical balanc+4 ,:e!r ?is t5ds to a m pr(\nd acquisition ( k & a m exact & sci5tific adju/m5t ( m5tal conceptions1 is n = u to say1 b t x ca/s a weak5+ spell ov] p]sonal initiative & greatly imp$es decisive action is cle> beyond d\bt4 ,z = ! ,*ur*1 x is fail+ 9 its mission1 because x refuses to insi/ equally on ! two aspects ( ! message x has und]tak5 to deliv] to mank9d4 ,if religion is receiv$ 9 a purely dogmatic s5se1 x c appeal only to our emotions & to ! spiritual crav+s ( ! m my/ical side ( m5's natures4 ,?is is only confus+ & q unsatisfy+ to our m rationali/ic incl9ations1 :i* pref] a simple & direct e?ical tea*+4 ,*ri/ianity comb9es ! two elem5ts--! my/ical & ! rational--& fuses !m toge!r4 ,un=tunately !re is a pron5ess to deta* ! =m] z all-important & suffici5t 9 itself & to neglect ! latt]4 ,! =m] has be5 built up gradually 9 successive c5turies ( v>y+ & imag9ative speculation1 & h[ev] mu* x may appeal to ! religi\s-m9d$1 x is valueless :5 brok5 (f f ! latt]4 ,! e?ical precepts = duty & conduct are1 on ! o!r h&1 immutable1 & 9 _! pri/9e simplicity c>ry all _! orig9al =ce ( au?ority & lose no?+ f be+ divorc$ f dogmatic tea*+4 ,x requires no heights ( spiritual exaltation to accept ,*ri/'s explicit precepts z to sacrifice1 humility1 altruism1 & ! r5unciation ( worldly possessions1 b m5 are enc\rag$ by ! ,*ur* to seek consolation 9 a fog ( doctr9al obscurantism4 ,*ri/ no d\bt =esaw t we %\ld take refuge 9 ! incompreh5sible 9 our failure to accept :at to ! humble/ intellig5ce 0 p]fectly compreh5sible :5 he said1 8,n e "o t sai? unto me1 ,"l1 ,"l1 %all ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 b he t doe? ! w ( my ,fa!r :i* is 9 ,heav540 ,8 imm$iate successors 7 n h&icapp$ by consid]ations = or subs]vi5ce to ^? 9 au?ority :o held ! worldly p[]1 & !y spoke ) no unc]ta9 voice4 ,:at is want$ 9 ! ,*ur* to-day is some?+ ( ! uncompromis+ _s ( ^? bygone days4 ,n condonation1 or at ! mo/ half-he>t$ criticism1 b :olesale d5unciation 9 words ( spl5did vehem5ce su* z ! passage 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james3 8,g to n[1 ye ri* m51 weep & h[l = y\r mis]ies t %all come ^u y4 ,y\r ri*es are corrupt$ & y\r g>m5ts are mo?-eat54 ,y\r gold & silv] is cank]$2 & ! re/ ( !m %all be a witness aga9/ y1 & %all eat y\r fle% z x 7 fire4 ,ye h heap$ treasure toge!r = ! la/ days4 ,behold1 ! hire ( ! lab\r]s :o h reap$ d[n y\r fields1 :i* is ( y kept back by fraud1 crie?3 & ! cries ( !m :i* h reap$ are ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( sabao?4 ,ye h liv$ 9 pleasure on ! e>?1 & be5 wanton2 ye h n\ri%$ y\r he>ts1 z 9 a day ( slaught]4 ,ye h condemn$ & kill$ ! j1 & he do? n resi/ y40 ,*apt] ,x ,results ( influ5ce ( money--,no motive 9 lives ( ! ri*--,money z our ma/]--,if money ideal c\ld be disc>d$--,possibility ( *ange ( ideal = all classes4 ,only ! surface ( ! subject has be5 t\*$1 only a few ( ! _m heads into :i* ! discussion might be divid$ h be5 consid]$ at all1 & only "s ( ! m pat5t dang]s h be5 v briefly indicat$4 ,b en\gh has be5 said to support ! orig9al cont5tion & to br+ u fairly to ! conclusion t 9 all directions ! influ5ce ( ! money possess$ by individuals beyond ! limit ( :at con/itutes a full compet5ce is h>mful & noxi\s4 ,x has a h>d5+1 crippl+1 & dead5+ effect on ! highly susceptible & s5sitive organism ( human vitality1 l v>ni% w\ld h on ! w+s ( a butt]fly4 ,x sub/itutes patronage = frat]nity1 arrogance = humility1 indol5ce = ef=t1 vanity = love1 ! _s ( submission = ! _s ( indep5d5ce1 an artificial class society = a natural society ( mutual respect & affection4 ,x saps vitality by surfeit & sup]abundance1 & at ! same "t /unts heal?y developm5t by mis]y & want4 ,x is a false & vici\s /&>d = e/imat+ wor?4 ,gre$ & ,cupidity are its p>5ts1 ,envy & ,jeal\sy its *ildr54 ,b x is easi] to disreg>d all ?is & to g on 9 :at appe>s to be ! natural &1 inde$1 inevitable c\rse4 ,we mu/ take ! _w z x is1 is ! common cry1 n z x ought to be1 & unless we are prep>$ to be subm]g$ & trodd5 "u1 we mu/ foll[ 9 ! ?rong & pu% =w>d & /ruggle ) ! re/4 ,"s ( u are able to feel res5tm5t at ,a's ri*es1 b1 alas6 x is n because he is ri*1 b because he is ri*4 ,x is said t ! crav+ to satisfy mat]ial wants is z insep>able a "p ( human nature z any o!r appetite4 ,?is may be s to "s ext5t1 b x is cle>ly a matt] ( proportion4 ,aft] ! appetite has rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t x is no m natural ?an gluttony1 drunk5ness1 or any o!r =m ( debau*]y4 ,9 f> too _m cases t po9t has long be5 pass$ & a /ate ( society has be5 evolv$ to suit ! new ord]1 & n only to excuse1 b to extol & /r5g!n ! p[] ( money4 ,let m5 live1 :atev] k9d ( life !y *oose1 )\t int]f]5ce1 let !m indulge _! hobbies & amuse !mselves )9 b\nds2 b let !m recognise t !re are b\nds1 & t ! int]-cohesion ( ! isolat$ atoms 9 ! :ole mass ( human life is su* t e /ep !y take ov] ^? b\nds !y are depriv+ someone else ( liv+ ! life !y *oose1 indulg+ _! hobbies1 & amus+ !mselves4 ,! ri* are mo/ly unconsci\s ( ! h>m !y are do+4 ,!re is no delib]ate int5tion 9 any ( _! actions4 ,!y travel c>elessly along ! broad road laid d[n = !m by cu/om1 & !y nev] c\nt ! co/s or exam9e ! consequ5ces4 ,_! lives1 m especially ^? ( _! wom51 are entirely aimless & c]ta9ly devoid ( any det]m9$ motive4 ,z long z !y are all[$ to pursue _! c\rse undi/urb$1 mak+ or sp5d+ ! money :i* !y look on z _! own 9 any way t suits _! fancy1 !y make no compla9t4 ,!y ask ! ,/ate to gu>d !m securely 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! great possessions1 & !y employ ! en]gy !y d]ive f !m 9 poison+ ! spr+s ( national prosp]ity4 ,! mom5t x is sugge/$ t "s small %>e ( _! ga9s %\ld be tak5 by ! ,/ate = ! g5]al b5efit & = safegu>d+ ! security ( o!rs besides !mselves1 !y1 includ+ ev5 ^? ( !m :o h decl>$ _! weal? to be a burd51 s5d up a wail ( execration & prote/ ) all ! =ce !y h at _! comm&4 ,?is condition ( ?+s1 z x has be5 %[n1 br+s no happ9ess to ! ri* & x br+s great mis*ief to ! ,/ate4 ,individual en]gy is dissipat$ & human capacity is misappli$ 9 a society :]e ef=t is s ill-direct$ 9 ! extremes ( ri*es & pov]ty2 :ile ! social p[] ( ! community is wa/$ 9 a society :]e capitali/s control s _m ( ! s\rces ( weal?4 ,money1 by conv9c+ u ( its indisp5sable nature & egg+ u on 9 ! scramble = m1 has1 h[ev] mu* we may res5t x1 got ! upp] h& & has practically enslav$ u4 ,a comp>ison c be made ) ! mod]n mania = spe$4 ,! rapidity ( ! means ( locomotion enc\rages a p]petual ru% & deludes p into suppos+ t ! fa/] !y g ! m !y w accompli%4 ,!re is a fooli% belief t /eam1 electricity1 & petrol h be5 turn$ to our own use & h be5 ma/]$1 :]eas ^! giant =ces are play+ ) u & /irr+ u1 l ants 9 a di/urb$ ant-hill1 into an almo/ ridicul\s /ate ( flurry & confusion :i* is detrim5tal bo? to our m9ds & our bodies1 & ! sum total ( our high] accompli%m5ts is m likely to %[ a decl9e ?an an increase f ! days be=e ^! =ces 7 let loose4 ,b rapid locomotion is at pres5t too fasc9at+ = u to resi/4 ,j 9 ! same way ! allurem5ts ( money are c>ry+ u away d[n a /eep incl9e to un=ese5 p]ils4 ,:]e & :5 %all we /op8 ,"s say t society1 hav+ got on to ?is dang]\s d[nw>d slope1 gradual evolution to a heal?i] /ate is no long] possible2 b1 z 9 ! case ( ! abolition ( slav]y & ! abolition ( autocracy1 ! *ange c only be br\ght ab\t by a cataclysmic upheaval4 ,z ! p[] ( money augm5ts & va/ ri*es are pil$ high] & high]1 x is becom+ ! m app>5t t an oppos+ =ce ( bitt] antagonism is be+ creat$ :i* may "o day ga9 /r5g? en\gh to sweep away ! vampire ( capitalism4 8,weal? is 9 ! h&s ( ! few ri* & ! suffrage 9 ! h&s ( ! _m poor4 ,9 ! conc5tration ( weal? & ! diffusion ( political p[] lies ! great dang] ( ,mod]n ,society4 ,! dang] becomes e day great]1 & democracy1 :i* seem$ to h sav$ society1 is really de/9$ to ov]turn x40#cd ,p]haps x c save x by ov]turn+ x4 ,b at pres5t any su* dang] w\ld seem remote1 z1 9 spite ( ! great advances made by organis$ ,lab\r1 ! mass ( ! p1 m especially ^? h]d$ into t[ns1 are sadly lack+ 9 vitality4 ,9 ! fir/ /ages ( ! rise ( democracy !re h be5 ?r[n to ! surface m5 ( great bus9ess ability1 b ( no imag9ation1 & firm believ]s 9 money4 ,! process ( a deep] & m g5]al enlight5m5t mu/ ( necessity be sl[4 ,on ! :ole1 we ne$ h no fe> t plutocracy w ev] ga9 complete asc5dancy1 ev5 ?\gh x may h ari/ocracy1 royalty1 & at times political p[] to support x4 ,b x is n s mu* ! attack f )\t t is likely to de/roy ! entr5*$ position ( ! ri* z ! rot )9 :i* is /eadily und]m9+ _! /ronghold ) corruption & decay4 ,a cataclysm1 9 ! %ape ( a social revolution1 is too apt to lead to reaction1 & ! fundam5tal alt]ation ( social relations w\ld only be delay$ !reby4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 9 a small] or l>g] degree1 is ! c\rse ( advance t progress takes4 ,ris+1 fall+1 & yet advanc+ 9 a spiral %ape4 ,hi/ory nev] repeats itself exactly1 ! pa? nev] passes ov] ! same po9t2 b a cyclical resemblance occurs 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts :i* sometimes makes u feel we are only ! sport ( circum/ances4 ,& yet at ! same "t1 )9 u !re seems to be /or$ up a lat5t p[] /rong en\gh to break away & make great *anges if our ef=ts c\ld only be unit$ 9 sympa?y & =tifi$ by agreem5t4 ,! t5d5cy ( society may be d[nw>d & 9 ! wrong direction1 b ! natural tr5d ( human endeav\r1 free & unfett]$1 is upw>ds t[>ds a bett] /ate1 & !re are enc\rag+ indications t 9 ! future1 ! di/ant future1 p]haps1 ?is p[] w prevail & we %all all unite 9 a bett] purpose4 ,at ?is mom5t c]ta9ly !re is no room = despair :5 we see ar\nd u a gr[+ indignation & impati5ce ) social inju/ice4 ,nev] be=e has humanit>ian impulse be5 s well =tifi$ by sci5tific !ory 9 its attempt to cope ) ! evils ( pov]ty & de/itution4 ,all we want is an equally sci5tific disc]nm5t ( ! evils ( ri*es & wa/e4 ,if ! money ideal c\ld only be disc>d$ ) ! same univ]sal alacrity & conviction ) :i* x is n[ clung to & *]i%$1 ! *ange & improvem5t 9 our social life w\ld be z miracul\s & yet z natural z ! *ange f ! d>k *ill ( w9t] to ! sun%9e ( spr+4 ,b x w n be by bitt] vitup]ation & invective t ! *ange c be br\ght ab\t4 ,! attack mu/ be direct$ n aga9/ p>ticul> individuals1 n aga9/ isolat$ follies1 nor aga9/ s+le in/ances ( wick$ extravagance1 ?\ghtlessness1 & cruelty1 b aga9/ ! /]eotyp$ sy/em :i* is responsible = x all4 ,! awak+ to a diff]5t fai? mu/ take place j z mu* among ! poor z among ! ri*4 ,! =m] mu/ be taught to recognise t cr++ submission to s-call$ sup]iors is nei!r to _! own nor to anyone else's advantage2 ! latt] mu/ le>n t to isolate !mselves 9 a fool's p>adise ( ease & ?\ghtlessly to assume impossible responsibilities is fatal to _! own happ9ess & to ! welf>e ( _! fell[s4 ,& ! l>ge m$ium class1 :o are well-to-d b n ri*1 liv+ mode/ly b n poor1 mu/ be %ak5 f _! indol5t & self-complac5t position ( spectators securely rail$ (f f ! ar5a :]e ! combat is tak+ place2 ?ank+ heav5 !y are n among ! victims & secretly admir+ ! assailants1 ?\gh pr\dly consci\s t !y !mselves c be exon]at$ f all blame4 ,!re are too _m 9 ?is class :o1 to put x pla9ly1 hate ! poor & rev]5ce ! ri*1 & !y w be ! la/ to be rea*$ or influ5c$ by ! cleans+ _s ( enlight5$ ?\ght4 ,any trans=mation mu/ proce$ f )94 ,! effectual resi/ance to :at seems to be ! compulsion ( mod]n conv5tions & habits c only arise f a cle>] k & a m complete compreh5sion ( ! fals5ess ( ^! conv5tions & ! wor?lessness ( ^! habits4 ,9 ord] to combat vanity1 selfi%ness1 & love ( ease1 n only a *ange ( front & ideal is ess5tial1 b !re mu/ also be a supreme & su/a9$ ef=t to /& up aga9/ & head back ! dead weight ( op9ion :i* has ga9$ impetus f nev] be+ *eck$4 ,!re mu/ be s9c]e & deep-seat$ conviction4 ,)\t ?is any political or social revolution w fail4 8,! mightie/ *anges h come f religi\s & moral *anges 9 m5's he>ts40 ,! f]v5t devotion to ! s]vice ( ,mammon acts z a baneful influ5ce work+ havoc & de/ruction 9 m5's lives4 ,in/ead ( ignor+ or excus+ x1 att5tion mu/ be call$ to x l\dly1 repeat$ly1 & emphatically by all :o are conv9c$ ( its dang]s & wi% to w>n _! fell[s aga9/ its deadly infection4 ,,! ,,end ,,footnotes #a ,john/on1 ,engl& ,z ,x ,is4 #b ,! ,social ,horizon1 #ahib4 #c ,man*e/] ,gu>dian1 #bi ,septemb]1 #aiji4 #d ,public ,heal? & ,social ,conditions 7,cd4 #dfga71 #aiji4 #e ,a4 ,wylie1 ,lab\r1 ,leisure1 & ,luxury4 #f ,! late ,duke ( ,argyll4 #g ,ruff's ,guide4 #h ,hunt's ,li/4 #i ,turg5ief4 #aj ,mr4 ,pretyman1 ,h\se ( ,commons1 #aiji4 #aa ,"l ,lansd[ne1 ,h\se ( ,lords1 #ad ,augu/1 #aijg4 #ab ,price ,colli]1 ,engl& & ! ,engli%4 #ac ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 ,imp]ialism4 #ad ,william ,cobbett1 ,advice to ,"y ,m54 #ae ,e4 ,gosse1 ,fa!r & ,son4 #af ,price ,colli]1 ,engl& & ! ,engli%4 #ag ,p4 ,g4 ,ham]ton1 ,human ,int]c\rse4 #ah ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 ,! ,indu/rial ,sy/em4 #ai ,miss ,llewellyn ,davies1 lett] to ! ,press1 #aijg4 #bj ,r[ntree's ,pov]ty4 #ba ,boo?'s ,life & ,lab\r ( ! ,p1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #bb ,butl]s & *efs c\ld be quot$ ) wages ( #bej & #cjj4 #bc ,we/ ,ham3 a ,/udy 9 ,social & ,indu/rial ,problems4 #bd ,r[ntree's ,pov]ty4 #be ,r[ntree's ,pov]ty4 #bf ,we/ ,ham1 pp4 #bgj-f4 #bg ,boo?1 ,vol4 ,i4 #bh ,r[ntree's ,pov]ty4 #bi ,odd %ill+s omitt$4 #cj ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,macdonald1 ,toronto ,globe1 ,septemb]1 #aiji4 #ca ,john ,galswor?y's ,a ,comm5t>y4 #cb ,social ,contract1 ,,ii4 #aa4 #cc ,s]mon at ,b>r[-9-,furness1 ,oct41 #aijf4 #cd ,arnold ,toynbee4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$4 ,page #aei3 ,! quotation f ,john ,galswor? 78,y\rs is ! ?ree hundr$? c>riage44407 is miss+ "s text1 & 9 o!r ways is n a fai?ful reproduction ( ! orig9al4