---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,note3 ar\nd ^w indicats italics ,,end ,,( ,,xviii ,,c5tury4 ar\nd ^w indicats bold ,t ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,illu/rat$ ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,furniture ,,fir/ ,,edition #ahib ,,second ,,edition #ahib ,,?ird ,,edition #ahic ,,f\r? ,,edition #ahii ,,fif? ,,edition #aijc ,,truslove ,,& ,,bray ,,pr9t]s ,,we/ ,,norwood ,s ,e ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,sat9-,,wood ,,dress+-,,table4 ,,) ,,pa9t$ ,,decoration4 ,,end ,,( ,,xviii ,,c5tury4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,furniture ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,"t ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,lit*field ,,au?or ,,( ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela9 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,london3 ,,truslove ,,hanson ,,limit$ ,,new ,,york3 ,,john ,,lane ,,mdcccciii ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,old ,,engli% ,,gr&fa!r ,,clock4 ,,late ,,xviii4 ,,c5tury4 7,see pp4 #aba-b47 ,,preface4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages ! ,au?or has plac$ be=e ! read] an acc\nt ( ! *anges 9 ! design ( ,decorative ,furniture & ,woodwork1 f ! e>lie/ p]iod ( :i* we h any reliable or c]ta9 record until ! pres5t "t4 ,a c>eful selection ( illu/rations has be5 made f examples ( e/abli%$ au!nticity1 ! majority ( :i* are to be se51 ei!r 9 ! ,museums to :i* ref]5ce is made1 or by p]mission ( ! own]s2 & ! repres5tations ( ! diff]5t int]iors w convey an idea ( ! "* & disposition ( ! ,furniture ( ! p]iods to :i* !y ref]4 ,^! illu/rations are arrang$1 s f> z possible1 9 *ronological ord]1 & ! descriptions :i* accompany !m are explanatory ( ! hi/orical & social *anges :i* h influ5c$ ! mann]s & cu/oms1 & directly or indirectly affect$ ! ,furniture ( diff]5t nations4 ,an endeav\r is made to produce a panorama1 :i* may prove acceptable to _m1 :o1 )\t wi%+ to /udy ! subject deeply1 may desire to ga9 "s in=mation ) ref]5ce to x g5]ally1 or ) reg>d to "s "p ( x1 9 :i* !y may feel a p>ticul> int]e/4 ,x w be obvi\s t )9 ! limits ( a s+le volume ( mod]ate dim5sions x is impossible to give m ?an an outl9e sket* ( _m p]iods ( design & ta/e :i* des]ve f> m consid]ation ?an is "h be/[$ ^u !m2 ! read] is1 !re=e1 ask$ to accept ! fir/ *apt]1 :i* ref]s to ,anci5t ,furniture & cov]s a p]iod ( sev]al c5turies1 z introductory to t :i* foll[s1 r ?an z a s]i\s attempt to exam9e ! hi/ory ( ! ,furniture dur+ t space ( "t4 ,! f\r? *apt]1 :i* deals ) a p]iod ( "s hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 f ! "t ( ,k+ ,james ! ,fir/ until t ( ,*ipp5dale & 8 contempor>ies1 & ! la/ ?ree *apt]s1 are m fully descriptive ?an "s o!rs1 p>tly because tru/wor?y in=mation z to ^! times is m accessible1 & p>tly because x is probable t ,engli% read]s w feel great] int]e/ 9 ! ,furniture ( :i* !y are ! subject4 ,! ,fr5* meubles de luxe1 f ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury until ! ,revolution1 are also treat$ m fully ?an ! ,furniture ( o!r p]iods & c\ntries1 on acc\nt ( ! int]e/ :i* has be5 manife/$ 9 ?is description ( ! cab9et mak]'s & metal m\nt]'s "w dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,!re is evid5ce ( ?is appreciation 9 ! enorm\s prices realis$ at notable auction sales1 :5 su* ,furniture has be5 (f]$ = competition to weal?y connoisseurs4 ,9 ord] to ga9 a m correct idea ( ! design ( ,furniture ( diff]5t p]iods1 x has be5 necess>y to notice ! alt]ations 9 ar*itectural /yles :i* influ5c$1 & 7 accompani$ by1 correspond+ *anges 9 ! fa%ion ( int]ior woodwork4 ,su* comm5ts are made ) "s diffid5ce1 z x is felt t ?is bran* ( ! subject w\ld h receiv$ m fitt+ treatm5t by an ar*itect1 :o 0 also an antiqu>y1 ?an by an antiqu>y ) only a limit$ k ( ar*itecture4 ,"s works on ,furniture h tak5 ! ^w 9 its ,fr5* int]pretation1 to include ev]y?+ t is movable 9 a h\se2 o!r writ]s h comb9$ ) hi/orical notes1 critical rem>ks & sugge/ions z to ! selection ( ,furniture4 ,! ,au?or has n presum$ to (f] any su* advice1 & has conf9$ 8 att5tion to a description ( t :i*1 9 its m re/rict$ s5se1 is und]/ood z ,decorative ,furniture & ,woodwork4 ,= 8 own in=mation1 & 9 ! pursuit ( 8 bus9ess1 he has be5 l$ to inve/igate ! causes & ! approximate dates ( ! sev]al *anges 9 ta/e :i* h tak5 place1 & has record$ !m 9 z simple & readable a /ory z ! difficulties ( ! subject p]mit4 ,num]\s acts ( k9dness & co-op]ation1 receiv$ :ile prep>+ ! "w = ! ,press1 h r5d]$ ! task v pleasant2 & :ile ! ,au?or has endeav\r$ to ackn[l$ge1 9 a great _m in/ances1 ! c\rtesies receiv$1 :5 notic+ ! p>ticul> occasion on :i* su* assi/ance 0 r5d]$1 he w\ld desire g5]ally to record 8 ?anks to ! own]s ( hi/oric mansions1 ! (ficials ( our ,museums1 ! ,cl]ks ( ,city ,companies1 ,libr>ians1 & o!rs1 to :om he is indebt$4 ,! views ( _m able writ]s :o h trodd5 ! same field ( enquiry h be5 adopt$ :]e !y h be5 confirm$ by ! writ]'s exp]i5ce or rese>*1 & 9 ^! cases he hopes he has n omitt$ to express 8 ackn[l$gm5ts = ! use he has made ( !m4 ,! l>ge numb] ( copies subscrib$ =1 accompani$1 z _m ( ! applications h be51 by expressions ( goodwill1 & confid5ce be=eh&1 h be5 v gratify+1 & h af=d$ great enc\ragem5t dur+ ! prep>ation ( ! "w4 ,if ! pres5t v5ture is receiv$ 9 su* a way z to enc\rage a l>g] ef=t1 ! writ] hopes bo? to multiply examples & ext5d ! area ( 8 obs]vations4 ,f4 ,l4 #cb1 ,,/4 ,,james',s ,,/reet1 ,s4,w4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,biblical ,,ref]5ces3 ,solomon's ,h\se & ,temple--,palace ( ,ahasu]us4 ,,assyrian ,,furniture3 ,nimrod's ,palace--,mr4 ,george ,smi? quot$4 ,,egyptian ,,furniture3 ,specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--,! ,workman's ,/ool--,v>i\s ,articles ( ,dome/ic ,furniture--,dr4 ,bir* quot$4 ,,greek ,,furniture3 ,! ,bas-reliefs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--,! ,*e/ ( ,cypselus--,laws & ,cu/oms ( ! ,greeks--,h\se ( ,alcibiades--,plut>* quot$4 ,,roman ,,furniture3 ,position ( ,rome--,! ,roman ,h\se--,cic]o's ,table--,?y9e ,wood--,cu/oms ( weal?y ,romans--,d[nfall ( ! ,empire #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,p]iod ( #a1jjj ye>s f ,fall ( ,rome1 ,a4 ,d4 #dgf1 to ,capture ( ,con/ant9ople1 #adec--,! ,crusades--,influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity--,*airs ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,maximian at ,rome1 ,rav5na1 & ,v5ice--,edict ( ,leo ,,iii4 prohibit+ ,image wor%ip--,! ,rise ( ,v5ice--,*>lemagne & 8 successors--,! ,*air ( ,dagob]t--,byzant9e "* ( ,furniture--,norwegian c>v+--,russian & ,sc&9avian--,! ,anglo-,saxons--,sir ,walt] ,scott quot$--,descriptions ( ,anglo-,saxon ,h\ses & ,cu/oms--,art 9 ,flemi% ,cities--,go?ic ,ar*itecture--,! ,coronation ,*air at ,we/m9/] ,abbey--,p5%ur/--,fr5* ,furniture 9 ! #ad? ,c5tury--,description ( rooms--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,transition f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance--,g]man c>v$ "w2 ! ,cr$5ce1 ! ,buffet1 & ,dressoir #ag ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,italy3 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,raffaelle--,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 contempor>y great arti/s--,! ,italian ,palazzo--,me?ods ( gild+1 inlay+ & m\nt+ ,furniture--,pietra-dur & o!r enri*m5ts--,rusk9's criticism4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,france3 ,franois ,i4 & ! ,*ateau ( ,fonta9ebleau--,influ5ce on ,c\rti]s--,*airs ( ! "t--,design ( ,cab9ets--,m4 ,e4 ,bonnaff on ,! ,r5aissance--,b$/ead ( ,jeanne d',albret--,det]ioration ( ta/e 9 "t ( ,h5ry ,,iv4--,l\is ,,xiii4 ,furniture--,brittany woodwork4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,! ,,ne!rl&s3 ,influ5ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy on ,art--,! ,*imney-piece at ,bruges1 & o!r ca/s ( specim5s at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,spa93 ,! res\rces ( ,spa9 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies--,influ5ce ( ,s>ac5ic ,art--,high-back$ ,lea!r ,*airs1 ! ,c>?usian ,conv5t at ,granada4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,g]many3 ,albre*t ,dr] ,fam\s ,/eel ,*air ( ,augsburg--,g]man sev5te5? c5tury c>v+ 9 ,/4 ,savi\r's ,hospital4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,influ5ce ( ,=eign ,arti/s 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii4--,end ( ,feudalism--,hampton ,c\rt ,palace--,l95 ,patt]n ,panels--,woodwork 9 ! ,h5ry ,,vii ,*apel at ,we/m9/] ,abbey--,liv]y ,cupbo>ds at ,h5grave--,h>rison quot$--,! p>l]1 alt]ation 9 ,engli% cu/oms--,*airs ( ! sixte5? c5tury--,cov]+s & ,cu%ions ( ! "t1 extract f old inv5tory--,s\? ,k5s+ton ,cab9et--,elizabe?an ,mirror at ,goodri* ,c\rt--,%aw's ,anci5t ,furniture--,! ,gla/onbury ,*air--,introduction ( ,frames into ,engl&--,*>act]i/ics ( ,native ,woodwork--,fam\s ,c\ntry ,mansions--,alt]ation 9 design ( ,woodwork & ,furniture--,panell$ ,rooms at ,s\? ,k5s+ton--,! ,*>t]h\se--,gray's ,inn ,hall & ,middle ,temple--,! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company--,! ,great ,b$ ( ,w>e--,%akespe>e's ,*air--,p5%ur/ ,place #dg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,engli% ,home ,life 9 ! ,reign ( ,james ,i4--,sir ,h5ry ,wotton quot$--,inigo ,jones & 8 "w--,=d ,ca/le--,*imney ,pieces 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,table 9 ! ,c>p5t]s' ,hall--,hall ( ! ,b>b]s' ,company--,! ,*>t]h\se--,"t ( ,*>les ,i4--,furniture at ,knole--,eagle ,h\se1 ,wimbl$on--,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake--,monum5ts at ,cant]bury & ,we/m9/]--,settles1 ,c\*es1 & ,*airs ( ! ,/u>t p]iod--,sir ,paul ,p9d>'s ,h\se--,cromwellian ,furniture--,! ,re/oration--,indo-,portuguese ,furniture--,hampton ,c\rt ,palace--,evelyn's description--,! ,great ,fire ( ,london--,hall ( ! ,brew]s' ,company--,oak ,panell+ ( ! "t--,gr9l+ ,gibbons & 8 "w--,! ,edict ( ,nantes--,silv] ,furniture at ,knole--,william ,,iii4 & ,dut* influ5ce--,que5 ,anne--,sidebo>ds1 ,bureaus1 & ,gr&fa!r's ,clocks--,furniture at ,hampton ,c\rt #ia ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*9ese ,,furniture3 ,probable s\rce ( arti/ic ta/e--,sir ,william ,*amb]s quot$--,rac9et's ,le ,co/ume ,hi/orique--,dut* ,influ5ce--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton & ! late ,duke ( ,ed9burgh ,collections--,processes ( mak+ ,lacqu]--,scre5s 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,japanese ,,furniture3 ,e>ly ,hi/ory--,sir ,ru!r=d ,alcock & ,"l ,elg9--,! ,collection ( ! ,%gun--,fam\s ,collections--,action ( ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t ( ,japan--,special *>act]i/ics4 ,,indian ,,furniture3 ,e>ly ,european influ5ce--,furniture ( ! ,moguls--,rac9et's ,"w--,bombay ,furniture--,ivory ,*airs & ,tables--,specim5s 9 ! ,india ,museum4 ,,p]sian ,,woodwork3 ,collection ( ,objets d',art =m$ by ,g5]al ,murdo* ,smi?1 ,r4,e4--,indu/rial ,arts ( ! ,p]sians--,arab influ5ce--,s\? ,k5s+ton ,specim5s4 ,,s>ac5ic ,,woodwork3 ,ori5tal cu/oms--,specim5s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ( ,arab ,"w--,m4 d',aveune's ,"w #abe ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,palace ,,( ,,v]sailles3 ,gr& & ,petit ,trianon--,! ?ree ,/yles ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,,xv41 & ,,xvi4--,colb]t & ,lebrun--,&r ,*>les ,b\le & 8 ,"w--,c>v$ & ,gilt ,furniture--,! ,reg5cy & its ,influ5ce--,alt]ation 9 ,condition ( ,fr5* ,society--,watteau1 ,lancret1 & ,b\*]4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,furniture3 ,fam\s b5i/es--,v]nis ,m>t9 ,furniture--,caffi]i & ,g\?ire ,m\nt+s--,svres ,porcela9 introduc$ into ,cab9ets--,gobel9s ,tape/ry--,! ,bureau du ,roi4 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,& ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette3 ,! ,que5's ,influ5ce--,! ,pa9t]s ,*>d9 & ,greuze--,m simple ,designs--,*>act]i/ic ,ornam5ts ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,furniture--,ries5]'s ,"w--,g\?ire's ,m\nt+s--,specim5s 9 ! ,l\vre--,! ,hamilton ,palace ,sale--,fr5* influ5ce ^u ! design ( furniture 9 o!r c\ntries--,! ,jones ,collection--,extract f ! ,times #ade ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,*9ese ,/yles--,sir ,william ,*amb]s--,! ,bro!rs ,adams' "w--,p]golesi1 ,cipriani1 & ,angelica ,kauffmann--,ar*itects ( ! "t--,w$gwood & ,flaxman--,*ipp5dale's ,"w & 8 ,contempor>ies--,*air 9 ! ,b>b]s' ,hall--,lock1 ,%e>]1 ,hepple:ite1 ,ince1 ,mayhew1 ,%]aton--,introduction ( ,sat9wood & ,mahogany--,gill[s1 ( ,lanca/] & ,london--,hi/ory ( ! ,sidebo>d--,! ,d9+ ,room--,furniture ( ! "t #agc ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,fir/ ,empire--,influ5ce on design ( ,napoleon's ,campaigns--,! ,cab9et pres5t$ to ,m>ie ,l\ise--,dut* ,furniture ( ! "t--,engli% ,furniture--,%]aton's lat] "w--,?omas ,hope1 ar*itect--,george ,smi?'s designs--,fa%ion dur+ ! ,reg5cy--,go?ic revival--,s$don's furniture--,o!r mak]s--,influ5ce on design ( ! ,re/oration 9 ,france--,furniture ( ,william ,,iv4 & e>ly "p ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign--,b>oque & ,rococo /yles--,! ,panell+ ( ,rooms1 ,dado1 & ,skirt+--,! ,art ,union--,! ,society ( ,arts--,sir ,*>les ,b>ry & ! new ,palace ( ,we/m9/]--,pug9's designs--,auction ,prices ( ,furniture--,*ri/ie's--,! ,london ,club ,h\ses--,/eam--,diff]5t ,trade ,cu/oms--,exhibitions 9 ,france & ,engl&--,h>ry ,rog]s' "w--,! late ,que5's cradle--,/ate ( ,art 9 ,engl& dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign--,cont95tal designs--,italian c>v+--,cab9et "w--,g5]al rem>ks #bjc ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,great ,,exhibition3--,exhibitors & contempor>y ,cab9et ,mak]s--,exhibition ( #ahfb1 ,london2 #ahfg1 ,p>is2 & subsequ5tly--,description ( ,illu/rations--,f\rd9ois1 ,wright & ,mansfield--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,talb]t's ,"w--,revival ( ,m>quetry--,comp>ison ( ,pres5t ,day ) t ( a ,hundr$ ,ye>s ago--/heticism--,traditions--,trades-,un ionism--,! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society--,k5s+ton ,s*ool ( ,woodc>v+--,indep5d5ce ( ,furniture--,pres5t ,fa%ions--,writ]s on ,design--,! ,new ,r5aissance--,trade ,j\rnals--,mod]n ,furniture 9 o!r ,c\ntries--,conclud+ ,rem>ks #bbi ,,app5dix4 ,li/s ( ,arti/s & ,manufactur]s ( ,furniture--,woods--,tape/ry us$ = ,fr5* ,furniture--,! processes ( ,gild+ & ,poli%+--,! ,pian(orte #bea ,,index #bfh ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,napk9 ,,press4 ,l5t to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum by ,,ii4 ,f>r]1 ,esq4 ,,e>ly ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,color$ ,,frontispiece fac+ ,title ,,page ,,gr&fa!r ,,clock iv4 ,a ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,napk9 ,,press xii4 ,,vignette ,,( ,,bas-,,relief--,,egyptian ,,seat$1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #a ,,assyrian ,,bronze ,,?rone ,,& ,,foot/ool #c ,,*airs ,,f ,,khorsabad ,,& ,,xan?us ,,& ,,assyrian ,,?rone #d ,,repose ,,( ,,k+ ,,as%urbanipal #e ,,examples ,,( ,,egyptian ,,furniture ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum3 ,/ool2 ,/& = a ,vase2 ,head ,re/ or ,pill[2 ,workman's ,/ool2 ,vase on a ,/&2 ,fold+ ,/ool2 ,ebony ,seat inlaid ) ivory #f ,,an ,,egyptian ,,( ,,high ,,rank ,,seat$ fac+ #f ,,an ,,egyptian ,,banquet #g ,,*air ,,) ,,captives ,,z ,,supports #h ,,bac*us ,,& ,,att5dants ,,visit+ ,,ic>us fac+ #h ,,greek ,,b$/ead ,,) ,a ,,table #i ,,greek ,,furniture #aj ,,int]ior ,,( ,,an ,,anci5t ,,roman ,,h\se fac+ #ab ,a ,,roman ,,/udy #ac ,,roman ,,scamnum ,,or ,,b5* #ad ,,roman ,,bisellium1 ,,or ,,seat ,,= ,,two ,,p]sons ,,roman ,,c\*1 ,,g5]ally ,,( ,,bronze #ae ,,bronze ,,lamp ,,& ,,/& #af ,,roman ,,tricl9ium1 ,,or ,,d9+ ,,room fac+ #af ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,vignette ,,( ,,go?ic ,,oak ,,armoire1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #ag ,,*air ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet]1 ,,rome #ai ,,dagob]t ,,*air #ba ,a ,,c>v$ ,,norwegian ,,doorway fac+ #bb ,,sc&9avian ,,*air #bc ,,cov] ,,( ,a ,,casket ,,c>v$ ,,9 ,,:alebone #bd ,,saxon ,,h\se 7,,ix4 ,,c5tury7 #be ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,furniture ,,( ,,ab\t ,,! ,x4 ,,c5tury #bg ,,! ,,seat ,,on ,,! ,,dais #bh ,,saxon ,,/ate ,,b$ ,,engli% ,,fold+ ,,*air 7,,xiv4 ,,c5tury7 #bi ,,cradle ,,( ,,h5ry ,v4 ,,coronation ,,*air1 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey #ca ,,*air ,,9 ,,york ,,m9/] #cb ,,two ,,*airs ,,( ,,! ,,xv4 ,,c5tury fac+ #cb ,,table ,,at ,,p5%ur/ #cc ,,b$room 7,,xiv4 ,,c5tury7 #cd ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,b$/ead ,,& ,,*air #ce ,,int]ior ,,( ,a ,,b$room--,,! ,,new ,,born ,,infant #cg ,,portrait ,,( ,,*ri/9e ,,de ,,pisan #ch ,,/ate ,,banquet1 ,,) ,,att5dant ,,musicians 7two woodcuts7 #ci ,a ,,high ,,back$ ,,*air 7,,xv4 ,,c5tury7 #dj ,,m$i,,val ,,b$ ,,& ,,b$room fac+ #dj ,a ,,scribe ,,or ,,copyi/ #da ,,two ,,g]man ,,*airs #db ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,buffet 7,fr5* ,go?ic7 #dc ,,old ,,engli% ,,oak ,,buffet #dd ,,flemi% ,,buffet fac+ #dd ,a ,,tape/ri$ ,,room #de ,a ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,seat ,,int]ior ,,( ,,apo!c>y',s ,,%op #df ,,dwell+ ,,room ,,( ,a ,,fr5* ,,*ateau foll[+ #df ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,ladies ,,( ,,que5 ,,anne ,,( ,,brittany #df ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,vignette ,,( ,,! ,,c>yatides ,,cab9ets1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #dg ,,reproduction ,,( ,,decoration ,,by ,,raffaelle foll[+ #dh ,,salon ,,( ,m4 ,,bonaff #dh ,a ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,room #dh ,,*air ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut #di ,,v5etian ,,c5tre ,,table #ej ,,m>riage ,,c(f] ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut foll[+ #ej ,,m>riage ,,c(f] #ej ,,pair ,,( ,,italian ,,c>v$ ,,bell[s #ea ,,c>v$ ,,italian ,,mirror ,,frame1 ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury #eb ,a ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,c(fre-,,=t #ec ,,italian ,,c(f] #ee ,,italian ,,*airs #ef ,,ebony ,,cab9et fac+ #ef ,,v5etian ,,/ate ,,*air #eg ,,ornam5tal ,,panell+ ,,9 ,,/4 ,,v9c5t',s ,,*ur*1 ,,r\5 foll[+ #eh ,,*imney ,,piece 7,,fonta9ebleau7 #eh ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,panel 7#aegg7 #ei ,,fac ,,similes ,,( ,,engrav+s ,,on ,,wood #fj ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,b$/ead ,,( ,,jeanne ,d',,albret foll[+ #fj ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,cab9et1 ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury #fj ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,cab9et 7,,lyons7 #fj ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,& ,,8 ,,c\rt #fb ,,decoration ,,( ,a ,,salon ,,9 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,/yle fac+ #fb ,,an ,,ebony ,,armoire 7,,flemi% ,,r5aissance7 #fd ,a ,,b>b]',s ,,%op ,,& ,a ,,flemi% ,,work%op 7,,xvi4 ,,c5tury7 #fe ,a ,,flemi% ,,citiz5 ,,at ,,meals #ff ,,s$an ,,*air ,,( ,,*>les ,v4 #fg ,,silv] ,,table 7,,w9dsor ,,ca/le7 #fc ,,*air ,,( ,,walnut ,,or ,,*e/nut ,,wood1 ,,spani%1 ,,) ,,emboss$ ,,lea!r foll[+ #fh ,,wood5 ,,c(f] 7,,xvi4 ,,c5tury7 foll[+ #fh ,,! ,,/eel ,,*air 7,,long=d ,,ca/le7 fac+ #gj ,,g]man ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,buffet #ga ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*e/ #gb ,,*air ,,( ,,anna ,,boleyn #gd ,,tudor ,,cab9et #ge ,,! ,,gla/onbury ,,*air #gh ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,elizabe?an ,,b$/ead #hj ,,oak ,,wa9scot+ fac+ #hj ,,d9+ ,,hall ,,9 ,,! ,,*>t]h\se #hb ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,gray',s ,,inn fac+ #hb ,,hall ,,( ,,gray',s ,,inn #hc ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,panels 7,,c>p5t]s' ,,hall7 #he ,,"p ,,( ,,an ,,elizabe?an ,,/aircase #hf ,,! ,,entrance ,,hall1 ,,h>dwick ,,hall fac+ #hf ,,%akespe>e',s ,,*air #hh ,,! ,,great ,,b$ ,,( ,,w>e fac+ #hh ,,! ,,que5',s ,,room1 ,,p5%ur/ ,,place #hi ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*imney ,,piece ,,9 ,,speke ,,hall #ij ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,a ,,*air ,,( ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #ia ,,oak ,,*imney ,,piece ,,9 ,,sir ,w4 ,,raleigh',s ,,h\se #ib ,,*imney ,,piece ,,9 ,,byfleet ,,h\se #ic ,,! ,,k+',s ,,*amb]1 ,,=d ,,ca/le #id ,,c5tre ,,table 7,,c>p5t]s' ,,hall7 #ie ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*airs #if ,,oak ,,*imney ,,piece ,,f ,,lime ,,/reet1 ,,city fac+ #if ,,oak ,,sidebo>d #ig ,,seats ,,at ,,knole #ii ,,arm ,,*air1 ,,knole #ajj ,,! ,,spangle ,,b$room1 ,,knole #aja ,,c\*1 ,,*air1 ,,& ,,s+le ,,*air 7,,p5%ur/ ,,place7 fac+ #ajd ,,fold+ ,,& ,,draw+e ,,table #ajf ,,*airs1 ,,/u>t ,,p]iod #ajg ,,*air ,,us$ ,,by ,,*>les ,i4 ,,dur+ ,,8 ,,trial #ajh ,,settle ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,oak fac+ #ajh ,,two ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*airs #aji ,,/aircase ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,ireton',s ,,h\se #aaj ,,settee ,,& ,,*air 7,,p5%ur/ ,,place7 fac+ #aaj ,,s$es ,,busbiana #aab ,,! ,,ma/]',s ,,*air ,,9 ,,! ,,brew]s' ,,hall #aae ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,liv]y ,,cupbo>d #aaf ,,?ree ,,*airs ,,f ,,hampton ,,c\rt1 ,,h>dwicke1 ,,& ,,knole fac+ #aaf ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,/ation]s' ,,hall #aag ,,silv] ,,furniture ,,at ,,knole #aai ,,?ree ,,*imney ,,pieces ,,by ,,james ,,gibbs fac+ #abb ,,*air ,,9 ,,holl& ,,h\se1 ,,design$ ,,by ,,cleyn #abc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,patt]n ,,( ,a ,,*9ese ,,lac ,,scre5 #abd ,,an ,,ea/]n 7,,s>ac5ic7 ,,table1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #abe ,,japanese ,,cab9et ,,( ,,r$ ,,*as$ ,,lacqu]-,,"w #acj ,,casket ,,( ,,indian ,,lacqu] ,,"w #acd ,,door ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,s&al ,,wood ,,f ,,travancore fac+ #acf ,,p]sian ,,inc5se ,,burn] ,,( ,,engrav$ ,,brass #acg ,,gov]nor',s ,,palace1 ,,manfal,t #adj ,,specim5 ,,( ,,s>ac5ic ,,panell+ #ada ,,c>v$ ,,door ,,( ,,syrian ,,"w #adb ,,%ap$ ,,panel ,,( ,,s>ac5ic ,,"w #adc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,b\le ,,armoire 7,,hamilton ,,palace7 #add ,,vignette ,,( ,a ,,l\is ,,quatorze ,,commode1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #ade ,,b\le ,,armoire 7,jones ,collection7 fac+ #adf ,,p$e/al ,,cab9et ,,by ,,b\le 7,jones ,collection7 #adh ,a ,,conc]t ,,9 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv4 #adi ,a ,,b\doir 7,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,p]iod7 #aej ,,decoration ,,( ,a ,,salon ,,9 ,,! ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,/yle fac+ #aej ,a ,,b\le ,,commode #aeb ,,fr5* ,,s$an ,,*air fac+ #aeb ,a ,,scre5 ,,panel ,,by ,,watteau #aec ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt ,,console ,,table #aed ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,fauteuil 7,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt7 #aee ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,commode 7,jones ,collection7 #aef ,a ,,p>quet]ie ,,commode #aeg ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,salon 7,,l\is ,,xv47 #aeh ,,bureau ,,du ,,roi fac+ #aeh ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,salon ,,9 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,/yle #afj ,a ,,m>quet]ie ,,cab9et 7,jones ,collection7 #afb ,,writ+ ,,table 7,,ries5]7 fac+ #afb ,,! ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette ,,writ+ ,,table #afd ,,b$/ead ,,( ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette fac+ #afd ,a ,,cyl9d] ,,secretaire 7,ro?s*ild ,collection7 #afe ,,an ,,arm ,,*air 7,,l\is ,,xvi47 #aff ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt ,,settee ,,& ,,arm ,,*air foll[+ #aff ,a ,,s(a ,,en ,,suite #aff ,a ,,m>quet]ie ,,escritoire 7,jones ,collection7 #afg ,a ,,norse ,,int]ior1 ,,%ew+ ,,fr5* ,,influ5ce #afi ,a ,,secretaire ,,) ,,sevres ,,plaques #agj ,a ,,clock ,,by ,,rob9 7,jones ,collection7 #aga ,,h>psi*ord1 ,,ab\t #agej #agb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,vignette ,,( ,a ,,*ipp5dale ,,gir&ole1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #agc ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,,draw+s ,,by ,,rob]t ,,adam #age ,,engli% ,,sat9 ,,wood ,,dress+ ,,table foll[+ #agf ,,*imney-,,piece ,,& ,,ov]mantel1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,?omas foll[+ #agf ,,two ,,*ipp5dale ,,*airs ,,9 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,/yle #agg ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,,title ,,page ,,( ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,g5tleman ,,& ,,cab9et ,,mak]',s ,,director #agh ,,two ,,book ,,cases ,,f ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director fac+ #agh ,,tea ,,caddy ,,c>v$ ,,9 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,/yle 7,,*ipp5dale7 #agi ,a ,,bureau ,,f ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director #ahj ,a ,,design ,,= ,a ,,/ate ,,b$ ,,f ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director foll[+ #ahj ,,fr5* ,,commode ,,& ,,lamp ,,/&s #ahj ,,b$ ,,pill>s #ahj ,,*imney-,,piece ,,& ,,mirror #ahj ,,p>l\r ,,*airs ,,by ,,*ipp5dale #aha ,,clock ,,case ,,by ,,*ipp5dale #ahb ,,*9a ,,%elves1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince #ahd ,,gir&oles ,,& ,,pi] ,,table1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,?omas #ahe ,,p>l\r ,,*airs1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince #ahg ,,ladies' ,,secretaires1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince #ahh ,,desk ,,& ,,bookcase1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince #ahi ,,*9a ,,cab9et1 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,mayhew #aij ,,dress+ ,,*airs1 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,mayhew #aia ,,designs ,,( ,,furniture ,,f ,,hepple:ite',s ,,guide fac+ #aib ,,plan ,,( ,a ,,room 7,,hepple:ite7 #aic ,,inlaid ,,tea ,,caddy ,,& ,,tops ,,( ,,pi] ,,tables1 ,,f ,,hepple:ite',s ,,guide #aid ,,kneehole ,,table ,,by ,,%]aton #aie ,,*airs ,,by ,,%]aton #aif ,,cab9et ,,& ,,bookcase ,,) ,,secretaire1 ,,by ,,%]aton #aig ,,*air ,,backs1 ,,f ,,%]aton',s ,,cab9et ,,mak] #aih ,a ,,sidebo>d ,,9 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,rob]t ,,adam fac+ #bjj ,,toilet ,,glass ,,& ,,urn ,,/&s #bja ,,c>v$ ,,j>d9i]e ,,by ,,*ipp5dale #bjb ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,vignette ,,( ,,an ,,empire ,,tripod1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #bjc ,,cab9et ,,pres5t$ ,,to ,,m>ie ,,l\ise fac+ #bjd ,,/ool ,,& ,,arm ,,*air 7,,napoleon ,i4 ,,p]iod7 #bje ,,nelson',s ,,*airs ,,by ,,%]aton fac+ #bjf ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*air1 ,,design$ ,,by ,,%]aton #bjg ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*air #bjh ,,canopy ,,b$ ,,by ,,%]aton foll[+ #bjh ,,si/]s' ,,cyl9d] ,,bookcase ,,by ,,%]aton #bjh ,,sidebo>d ,,& ,,s(a ,,table 7,,%]aton7 #bji ,,design ,,( ,a ,,room ,,by ,t4 ,,hope #baa ,,libr>y ,,fauteuil1 ,,f ,,smi?',s ,,book ,,( ,,designs #bac ,,p>lor ,,*airs #bad ,,bookcase ,,by ,,%]aton fac+ #bad ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*airs1 ,,f ,,smi?',s ,,book #bae ,,prie-,,dieu ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak1 ,,design$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,,pug9 #bah ,,secretaire ,,& ,,bookcase 7,g]man ,go?ic ,/yle7 #bai ,,cradle ,,= ,h4,m4 ,,que5 ,,victoria1 ,,by ,h4 ,,rog]s #bbb ,,design ,,= ,a ,,tea ,,caddy ,,by ,j4 ,,/rudwick #bbc ,,design ,,= ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,w+s ,,( ,a ,,sidebo>d ,,by ,w4 ,,holmes #bbd ,,design ,,= ,a ,,"w ,,table ,,by ,h4 ,,fitzcook #bbe ,,v5etian ,,/ool ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,walnut #bbh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,examples ,,( ,,design ,,9 ,,furniture ,,9 ,,! #ahea ,,exhibition3-- ,,sidebo>d1 ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak1 ,,by ,,gill[ foll[+ #bbh ,,*imney-,,piece ,,& ,,bookcase ,,by ,,holl& ,,& ,,sons #bbh ,,cab9et ,,by ,,crace #bbh ,,bookcase ,,by ,,jackson ,,& ,,graham #bbh ,,gr& ,,pian(orte ,,by ,,broadwood #bbh ,,vignette ,,( ,a ,,cab9et1 ,,mod]n ,,jacobean ,,/yle1 z ,ornam5t to ,initial ,lett] #bbi ,,lady',s ,,escritoire ,,by ,,wettli1 ,,b]ne #bcj ,,lady',s ,,"w ,,table ,,& ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,papi] ,,ma* #bcb ,,sidebo>d 7,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott7 ,,by ,,cookes1 ,,w>wick foll[+ #bcb ,a ,,/ate ,,*air ,,by ,,janc[ski1 ,,york #bcb ,,sidebo>d1 ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak1 ,,by ,,durant1 ,,p>is #bcb ,,b$/ead1 ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,ebony1 ,,by ,,r\l1 ,,antw]p #bcb ,,pian(orte1 ,,by ,,lei/l]1 ,,vi5na #bcb ,,bookcase ,,9 ,,lime ,,tree1 ,,by ,,lei/l]1 ,,vi5na #bcb ,,cab9et1 ,,) ,,bronze ,,& ,,porcela91 ,,by ,,gambs1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg #bcb ,,casket ,,( ,,ivory1 ,,) ,,ormulu ,,m\nt+s1 ,,by ,,matifat1 ,,p>is #bcc ,,table ,,& ,,*air1 ,,9 ,,! ,,classic ,,/yle1 ,,by ,,capello1 ,,tur9 #bcd ,,cab9et ,,( ,,ebony1 ,,) ,,c>nelions1 ,,by ,,lit*field ,,& ,,radclyffe 7#ahfb ,exhibition1 ,p>is7 #bce ,,cab9et ,,( ,,ebony ,,) ,,boxwood ,,c>v+s1 ,,by ,,f\rd9ois1 ,,p>is 7#ahfg ,exhibition1 ,london7 foll[+ #bcf ,,cab9et ,,( ,,sat9wood1 ,,) ,,w$gwood ,,plaques1 ,,by ,,wright ,,& ,,mansfield 7#ahfg ,exhibition1 ,p>is7 foll[+ #bcf ,,cab9et ,,( ,,ebony ,,& ,,ivory ,,by ,,&rea ,,pic*i1 ,,flor5ce 7#ahfg ,exhibition1 ,p>is7 foll[+ #bcf ,,d9+ ,,room ,,by ,,bruce ,j4 ,,talb]t fac+ #bch ,,! ,,ellesm]e ,,cab9et #bdc ,,! ,,saloon ,,at ,,s&r+ham ,,h\se foll[+ #bdd ,,! ,,draw+ ,,room ,,at ,,s&r+ham ,,h\se #bdd ,,c>v$ ,,frame ,,by ,,radspiel]1 ,,muni* #bdh ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,anci5t ,furniture4 ,,biblical ,,ref]5ces3 ,solomon's ,h\se & ,temple--,palace ( ,ahasu]us4 ,,assyrian ,,furniture3 ,nimrod's ,palace--,mr4 ,george ,smi? quot$4 ,,egyptian ,,furniture3 ,specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--,! ,workman's ,/ool--,v>i\s ,articles ( ,dome/ic ,furniture--,dr4 ,bir* quot$4 ,,greek ,,furniture3 ,! ,bas-reliefs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--,! ,*e/ ( ,cypselus--,laws & ,cu/oms ( ! ,greeks--,h\se ( ,alcibiades--,plut>* quot$4 ,,roman ,,furniture3 ,position ( ,rome--,! ,roman ,h\se--,cic]o's ,table--,?y9e ,wood--,cu/oms ( weal?y ,romans--,d[nfall ( ! ,empire4 ,,biblical ,,ref]5ces4 ,illu/ration ,! fir/ well-kn[n ref]5ce to woodwork is to be f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 9 ! in/ructions giv5 to ,noah to make an ,ark ( goph]#a wood1 to make a w9d[1 to pit* x )9 & )\t ) pit*1 & to obs]ve def9ite measurem5ts4 ,f ! specific directions ?us h&$ d[n to u1 we may ga!r t mank9d _h acquir$ at a v e>ly p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory a k ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( wood1 & ( ! use ( tools4 ,we "k1 too1 f ! bas-reliefs & papyri 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 h[ advanc$ 7 ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 9 ! arts ( civilization1 & t ! manufacture ( com=table & ev5 luxuri\s furniture 0 n neglect$4 ,9 !m1 ! ,hebrews mu/ h _h excell5t workm5 = tea*]s & taskma/]s1 to h enabl$ !m to acquire suffici5t skill & exp]i5ce to c>ry out su* precise in/ructions z 7 giv5 = ! erection ( ! ,tab]nacle1 "s #a1ejj ye>s be=e ,*ri/--z to ! k9ds ( wood1 measurem5ts1 ornam5ts1 fa/5+s 7loops & ta*es71 curta9s ( l951 & cov]+s ( dri$ sk9s4 ,we h only to turn = a mom5t to ! #be? *apt] ( ,exodus to be conv9c$ t all ! directions !re m5tion$ 7 giv5 to a p :o _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! me?ods ( c>ry+ out "w1 :i* mu/ h result$ f "s g5]ations ( c>p5t]s1 jo9]s1 weav]s1 dy]s1 goldsmi?s1 & o!r craftsm54 ,a ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 we h ^? descriptions ( ! build+ & fitt+ by ,solomon ( ! glori\s "w ( 8 reign1 ! great ,temple1 & ( 8 own1 ! ,k+'s h\se1 :i* ga!r$ f diff]5t c\ntries ! mo/ skilful artific]s ( ! "t1 an ev5t :i* m>ks an era ( advance 9 ! k & skill ( ^? :o 7 ?us br\ght toge!r to d _! be/ "w t[>ds c>ry+ out ! gr& s*eme4 ,x is wor? :ile1 too1 :5 we are ref]r+ to ,old ,te/am5t in=mation be>+ ^u ! subject1 to notice "s details ( furniture :i* are giv51 ) _! approximate dates z g5]ally accept$1 n because !re is any p>ticul> importance atta*$ to ! precise *ronology ( ! ev5ts conc]n$1 b because1 speak+ g5]ally1 !y =m l&m>ks 9 ! hi/ory ( furniture4 ,"o ( ^! is ! v]se 7#b ,k+s *ap4 iv47 :i* tells u ! cont5ts ( ! little *amb] 9 ! wall1 :5 ,eli%a visit$ ! ,%unammite1 ab\t ,b4,c4 #hie2 & we are told ( ! prep>ations = ! reception ( ! prophet3 ,& let u set = him !re a b$ & a table & a /ool & a c&le/ick4 ,ano!r incid5t is "s #dbj ye>s lat]1 :51 9 ! allusion to ! gr&eur ( ! ,palace ( ,ahasu]us1 we cat* a glimpse ( ,ea/]n magnific5ce 9 ! description ( ! drap]y :i* furni%$ ! ap>tm5t3 ,:]e 7 :ite1 gre51 & blue hang+s1 fa/5$ ) cords ( f9e l95 & purple1 to silv] r+s & pill>s ( m>ble2 ! b$s 7 ( gold & silv]1 ^u a pavem5t ( r$ & blue & :ite & black m>ble4 7,e/h] i4 #f47 ,!re are1 un=tunately1 no tru/wor?y descriptions ( anci5t ,hebrew furniture4 ,! illu/rations 9 ,kitto's ,bible1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,soltau's ,! ,tab]nacle1 ! ,prie/hood1 & ! ,(f]+s1 & o!r simil> books1 are app>5tly drawn f imag9ation1 f\nd$ on descriptions 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 ^!1 ! table = %ew-bread is g5]ally repres5t$ z hav+ legs p>tly turn$1 ) ! upp] portions squ>e1 to :i* r+s 7 atta*$ = ! poles by :i* x 0 c>ri$4 ,z a nomadic p1 _! furniture w\ld be b primitive1 & we may take x t z ! ,jews & ,assyrians came f ! same /ock1 & spoke ! same language1 su* ornam5tal furniture z !re 0 w\ld1 ) ! exception ( ! repres5tations ( figures ( m5 or ( animals1 be ( a simil> "*4 ,,assyrian ,,furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,( ,,assyrian ,,bronze ,,?rone ,,& ,,foot/ool1 ,,ab\t ,b4 ,c4 #hhh1 ,,reign ,,( ,,as%urnazirpal4 7,f a ,photo by ,mansell ,co4 ( ! ,orig9al 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,! discov]ies :i* h be5 made 9 ! olde/ seat ( mon>*ical gov]nm5t 9 ! _w1 by su* ent]pris+ travell]s z ,sir ,au/9 ,lay>d1 ,mr4 ,george ,smi?1 & o!rs :o h ?r[n s mu* light ^u dome/ic life 9 ,n9eveh1 are full ( int]e/ 9 connection ) ?is bran* ( ! subject4 ,we le>n f ^! au?orities t ! furniture 0 ornam5t$ ) ! heads ( lions1 bulls1 & rams2 tables ?rones1 & c\*es 7 made ( metal & wood1 & probably inlaid ) ivory2 ! e>lie/ *air1 accord+ to ,sir ,au/9 ,lay>d1 hav+ be5 made )\t a back1 & ! legs t]m9at+ 9 lion's feet or bull's ho(s4 ,"s 7 ( gold1 o!rs ( silv] & bronze4 ,on ! monum5ts ( ,khorsabad1 repres5tations h be5 discov]$ ( *airs support$ by animals1 & by human figures1 probably ^? ( prison]s4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a bronze ?rone1 f\nd by ,sir ,a4 ,lay>d amid/ ! ru9s ( ,nimrod's ,palace1 :i* %ews ability ( high ord] = skill$ metal "w4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 ! fam\s ,assyrian excavator & translator ( cuni=m inscriptions1 has told u 9 8 ,assyrian ,antiquities ( 8 f9d+ close to ! site ( ,n9eveh1 portions ( a cry/al ?rone some:at simil> 9 design to ! bronze "o m5tion$ above1 & 9 ano!r "p ( ?is int]e/+ book we h a description ( an int]ior t is useful 9 assi/+ u to =m an idea ( ! condition ( h\ses ( a date :i* c be correctly assign$ to ,b4,c4 #hfj3--;,altoge!r 9 ?is place ,i op5$ six *amb]s1 all ( ! same "*1 ! entrances ornam5t$ by clu/]s ( squ>e pila/]s1 & recesses 9 ! rooms 9 ! same /yle2 ! walls 7 color$ 9 horizontal b&s ( r$1 gre51 & yell[1 & :]e ! l[] p>ts ( ! *amb]s 7 panell$ ) small /one slabs1 ! pla/] & col\rs 7 cont9u$ ov] ^!4 ,!n foll[s a description ( ! dra9age arrangem5ts1 & f9ally we h ,mr4 ,smi?'s conclusion t ?is 0 a private dwell+ = ! wives & families ( k+s1 toge!r ) ! fact t on ! o!r side ( ! bricks he f\nd ! leg5d ( ,%alm5es] ,,ii4 7,b4,c4 #hfj71 :o probably built ?is palace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,assyrian ,,*air ,,f ,,khorsabad4 7,9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,assyrian ,,*air ,,f ,,xan?us4 7,9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,assyrian ,,?rone4 7,9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is an elaborate piece ( c>v$ ivory1 ) depressions to hold color$ glass1 etc41 f ,n9eveh1 :i* once =m$ "p ( ! inlaid ornam5t ( a ?rone1 %ew+ h[ ri*ly su* objects 7 ornam5t$4 ,?is c>v+ is said by ! au?orities to be ( ,egyptian orig94 ,! treatm5t ( figures by ! ,assyrians 0 m clumsy & m rigid1 & _! furniture g5]ally 0 m massive ?an t ( ! ,egyptians4 ,an ornam5t (t5 introduc$ into ! designs ( ?rones & *airs is a conv5tional treatm5t ( ! tree sacr$ to ,as%ur1 ! ,assyrian ,jupit]2 ! p9e cone1 ano!r sacr$ emblem1 is also f\nd1 sometimes z 9 ! illu/ration ( ! ,khorsabad *air on page #d1 =m+ an ornam5tal foot1 & sometimes be+ "p ( ! m]ely decorative design4 ,! bronze ?rone1 illu/rat$ on page #c1 appe>s to h be5 ( suffici5t height to require a foot/ool1 & 9 ,n9eveh & its ,rema9s ^! foot/ools are specially allud$ to4 ,! feet 7 ornam5t$1 l ^? ( ! *air1 ) ! feet ( lions or ! ho(s ( bulls4 ,! furniture repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ illu/ration1 f a bas-relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is said to be ( a p]iod "s two hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ! bronze ?rone & foot/ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,repose ,,( ,,k+ ,,as%urbanipal4 7,f a ,bas-relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,,egyptian ,,furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ool4 ,/& = a ,vase4 ,workman's ,/ool4 ,vase on a ,/&4 ,head ,re/ or ,pill[4 ,,fold+ ,,/ool4 ,,ebony ,,seat ,,inlaid ,,) ,,ivory4 7,f ,photos by ,mansell ,co4 ( ! ,orig9als 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,9 ! consid]ation ( anci5t ,egyptian furniture we f9d valuable assi/ance 9 ! examples c>efully pres]v$ to u1 & accessible to e "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & "o or two ( ^! des]ve pass+ notice4 ,no?+ c be m suitable = its purpose ?an ! ,workman's ,/ool3 ! seat is precisely l t ( a mod]n kit*5 *air 7all wood71 slightly concav$ to promote ! sitt]'s com=t1 & support$ by ?ree legs curv+ outw>ds4 ,?is is simple1 conv5i5t1 & admirably adapt$ = long s]vice4 ,= a specim5 ( m ornam5tal "w1 ! fold+ /ool 9 ! same glass case %\ld be exam9$2 ! supports are cross$ 9 a simil> way to ^? ( a mod]n camp-/ool & ! l[] p>ts ( ! legs c>v$ z heads ( geese1 ) inlay+s ( ivory to assi/ ! design & give ri*ness to its execution4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,egyptian ,,( ,,high ,,rank ,,seat$4 7,f a ,photo by ,mansell ,co4 ( ! ,orig9al ,wall ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,,p]iod3 ,b4,c4 #aejj-adjj4 ,portions ( legs & rails1 turn$ z if by a mod]n la!1 mortice holes & t5ons1 fill u ) wond] z we look ^u "w :i*1 at ! mo/ mod]n computation1 mu/ be #c1jjj ye>s old1 & may be ( a date /ill m remote4 ,9 ! same room1 arrang$ 9 cases r\nd ! wall1 is a collection ( sev]al objects :i*1 if sc>cely to be class$ "u ! head ( furniture1 are articles ( luxury & com=t1 & demon/rate ! extraord9>y /ate ( civilisation enjoy$ by ! old ,egyptians1 & help u to =m a picture ( _! dome/ic habits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,egyptian ,,banquet4 7,f a ,wall ,pa9t+ at ,!bes47 ,among/ ^! are boxes1 "s inlaid ) v>i\s woods1 & also ) little squ>es ( bright turquoise blue pott]y let 9 z a relief2 o!rs v5e]$ ) ivory2 wood5 spoons c>v$ 9 mo/ intricate designs1 ( :i* "o1 repres5t+ a girl among/ lotus fl[]s1 is a "w ( great arti/ic skill2 boats ( wood1 head re/s1 & models ( p>ts ( h\ses & gran>ies1 toge!r ) writ+ mat]ials1 diff]5t k9ds ( tools & implem5ts1 & a quantity ( p]sonal ornam5ts & requisites4 ,= furniture1 v>i\s woods 7 employ$1 ebony1 acacia1 or sont1 c$>1 sycamore1 & o!rs ( species n det]m9$4 ,ivory1 bo? ( ! hippopotamus & elephant1 7 us$ = inlay+1 z also 7 glass pa/es2 & specim5s ( m>quetry are n uncommon4 ,9 ! pa9t+s 9 ! tombs1 gorge\s pictures & gild$ furniture are depict$4 ,= cu%ions & mattresses1 l95 clo? & color$ /uffs1 fill$ ) fea!rs ( ! wat]f[l1 appe> to h be5 us$1 :ile seats h plait$ bottoms ( l95 cord or tann$ & dy$ lea!r ?r[n ov] !m1 & sometimes ! sk9s ( pan!rs s]v$ ?is purpose4 ,= c>pets !y us$ mats ( palm fibre1 on :i* !y (t5 sat4 ,on ! :ole an ,egyptian h\se 0 lightly furni%$1 & n encumb]$ ) s _m articles z are 9 use at ! pres5t day4 ,! above p>agraph =ms "p ( ! notice ) :i* ! late ,dr4 ,bir*1 ! em95t antiqu>ian1 =m]ly at ! head ( ?is dep>tm5t ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 has prefac$ a catalogue ( ! antiquities allud$ to4 ,! visitor to ! ,museum %\ld be c>eful to procure "o ( ^! useful & inexp5sive guides to ?is portion ( its cont5ts4 ,"s illu/rations tak5 f anci5t /atues & bas-reliefs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f copies ( wall pa9t+s at ,!bes & o!r s\rces1 give u a good idea ( ! furniture ( ?is anci5t p4 ,among/ ! gr\p ( illu/rations on p4 #f w be se5 a repres5tation ( a wood5 head-re/1 :i* prev5t$ ! dis>rangem5t ( ! coiffure ( an ,egyptian lady ( rank4 ,a v simil> head-re/1 ) a cu%ion atta*$ = com=t to ! neck1 is /ill 9 common use by ! ,japanese ( ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,) ,,captives ,,z ,,supports4 7,f ,papyrus 9 ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bac*us ,,& ,,att5dants ,,visit+ ,,ic>us4 7,reproduc$ f a ,bas-relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,,p]iod3 ,,ab\t ,a4,d4 #ajj4 ,,greek ,,furniture4 ,an e>ly ref]5ce to ,greek furniture is made by ,hom]1 :o describes cov]lids ( dy$ wool1 tape/ries1 c>pets1 & o!r accessories1 :i* mu/ !re=e h =m$ "p ( ! cont5ts ( a great man's resid5ce c5turies be=e ! p]iod :i* we recognise z ! m]idian ( ,greek ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,greek ,,b$/ead ,,) ,a ,,table4 7,f an old ,wall ,pa9t+47 ,9 ! second ,vase-room ( ! ,briti% ,museum ! pa9t+ on "o ( ^! vases repres5ts two p]sons sitt+ on a c\*1 ^u :i* is a cu%ion ( ri* mat]ial1 :ile = ! com=t ( ! sitt]s !re is a foot/ool1 probably ( ivory4 ,fac+ page #h !re is an illu/ration ( a bas-relief 9 /one1 ,bac*us receiv$ z a gue/ by ,ic>us1 9 :i* ! c\* has turn$ legs & ! feet are ornam5t$ ) c>v$ leaf "w4 ,illu/rations ( tripods us$ = sacr$ or o!r purposes1 & z supports = brazi]s1 lead u to ! conclusion t tables 7 made ( wood1 ( m>ble1 & ( metal2 also fold+ *airs1 & c\*es = sleep+ & re/+1 b n = recl9+ at meals1 z 0 ! fa%ion at a lat] p]iod4 ,9 mo/ ( ! designs = ^! v>i\s articles ( furniture !re is a simil>ity ( treatm5t ( ! head1 legs1 & feet ( lions1 leop>ds1 & sph9xes to t :i* we h notic$ 9 ! ,assyrian patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,greek ,,furniture4 7,f ,antique ,bas-reliefs47 ,! description ( an int]e/+ piece ( furniture may be notic$ "h1 because its date is v]ifi$ by its hi/orical associations1 & x 0 se5 & describ$ by ,pausanias ab\t #hjj ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,?is is ! fam\s *e/ ( ,cypselus ( ,cor9?1 ! /ory ( :i* runs t :5 8 "m's relations1 hav+ be5 w>n$ by ! ,oracle ( ,delphi1 t h] son w\ld prove =midable to ! rul+ p>ty1 s\ght to murd] him1 8 life 0 sav$ by 8 concealm5t 9 ?is *e/1 & he became rul] ( ,cor9? = "s #cj ye>s 7,b4,c4 #fee-fbe74 ,x is said to h be5 made ( c$>1 c>v$ & decorat$ ) figures & bas-reliefs1 "s 9 ivory1 "s 9 gold or ivory "p gilt1 & inlaid on all f\r sides & on ! top4 ,! peculi> laws & cu/oms ( ! ,greeks at ! "t ( _! greate/ prosp]ity 7 n calculat$ to enc\rage display or luxury 9 private life1 or ! collection ( sumptu\s furniture4 ,_! mann]s 7 simple & _! discipl9e 0 v sev]e4 ,/atu>y1 sculpture ( ! be/ k9d1 pa9t+ ( ! highe/ m]it--9 a ^w1 ! be/ t ,art c\ld produce--7 all d$icat$ to ! national s]vice 9 ! enri*m5t ( ,temples & o!r public build+s1 ! ,/ate hav+ indef9ite & almo/ unlimit$ p[] ov] ! prop]ty ( all weal?y citiz5s4 ,! public surr\nd+s ( an influ5tial ,a!nian 7 !re=e 9 direct contra/ to ! simplicity ( 8 home1 :i* conta9$ ! mo/ meagre supply ( *airs & tables1 :ile ! *efs d'uvre ( ,phidias1 ,apelles & ,praxiteles adorn$ ! ,s5ate ,h\se1 ! ,!atre1 & ! ,temple4 ,!re 7 "s exceptions to ?is rule1 & we h records t dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( ,greek prosp]ity su* simplicity 0 n obs]v$4 ,alcibiades is said to h be5 ! fir/ to h 8 h\se pa9t$ & decorat$1 & ,plut>* tells u t he kept ! pa9t] ,aga?>cus a prison] until 8 task 0 done1 & !n dismiss$ him ) an appropriate rew>d4 ,ano!r anci5t writ] relates t ,! gue/ ( a private h\se 0 enjo9$ to praise ! decorations ( ! ceil+s & ! beauty ( ! curta9s susp5d$ f betwe5 ! columns4 ,?is occurs1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p]k9s1 ! ,am]ican translator ( ,dr4 ,falke's ,g]man book ,kun/ im ,hause1 9 ! ,wasps ( ,ari/ophanes1 writt5 ,b4,c4 #dbb4 ,! illu/rations1 tak5 f ! be/ au?orities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,p>is1 & o!r s\rces1 %ew ! sev]e /yle adopt$ by ! ,greeks 9 _! furniture4 ,,roman ,,furniture4 ,z we are accu/om$ to look to ,greece 9 ! "t ( ,p]icles = purity ( /yle & p]fection ( ta/e 9 ,art1 s d we naturally expect its gradual demoralisation 9 its transf] to ! great ,roman ,empire4 ,f t little village on ! ,palat9e ,hill1 f\nd$ "s #gej ye>s ,b4,c41 ,rome _h spread & conqu]$ 9 e direction1 until 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us %e 0 mi/ress ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w1 h]self ! c5tre ( weal?1 civilisation1 luxury1 & p[]4 ,antio* 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,alex&ria 9 ! ,s\?1 rank$ next to h] z great cities ( ! _w4 ,f ! excavations ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii we h le>n$ en\gh to conceive "s g5]al idea ( ! social life ( a weal?y ,roman 9 ! "t ( ,rome's highe/ prosp]ity4 ,! h\ses _h no upp] /ory1 b enclos$ two or m quadrangles1 or c\rts1 ) arcades into :i* ! rooms op5$1 receiv+ air & v5tilation f ! c5tre op5 c\rt4 ,! illu/ration opposite p4 #ab w give an idea ( ?is arrangem5t4 ,9 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5's useful h&book !re is a description ( ea* room 9 a ,roman h\se1 ) its prop] ,lat9 title & purpose2 & we "k f o!r descriptions ( ,anci5t ,rome t ! resid5ces 9 ! ,imp]ial ,city 7 divid$ into two di/9ct classes--t ( ! domus & insula1 ! =m] be+ ! dwell+s ( ! ,roman nobles1 & correspond+ to ! mod]n ,palazzi1 :ile ! latt] 7 ! habitations ( ! middle & l[] classes4 ,ea* insula consi/$ ( sev]al sets ( ap>tm5ts1 g5]ally let out to diff]5t families1 & 0 frequ5tly surr\nd$ by %ops4 ,! h\ses describ$ by ,mr4 ,poll5 appe> to h _h no upp] /ory1 b z gr\nd became m valuable 9 ,rome1 h\ses 7 built to su* a height z to be a s\rce ( dang]1 & 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us !re 7 n only /rict regulations z to build+1 b ! height 0 limit$ to #gj feet4 ,! ,roman furniture ( ! "t 0 ( ! mo/ co/ly k9d4 ,tables 7 made ( m>ble1 gold1 silv]1 & bronze1 & 7 engrav$1 damasc5$1 plat$1 & enri*$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,! *ief woods us$ 7 c$>1 p9e1 elm1 olive1 a%1 ilex1 bee*1 & maple4 ,ivory 0 mu* us$1 & n only 7 ! arms & legs ( c\*es & *airs c>v$ to repres5t ! limbs ( animals1 z has be5 not$ 9 ! ,assyrian1 ,egyptian1 & ,greek designs1 b o!r p>ts ( furniture 7 ornam5t$ by c>v+s 9 bas-relief ( subjects tak5 f ,greek my?ology & leg5d4 ,v5e]s 7 cut & appli$1 n z "s h suppos$ = ! purpose ( economy1 b because by ?is means ! mo/ beautifully m>k$ or figur$ specim5s ( ! woods c\ld be *os51 & a mu* ri*] & m decorative effect produc$ ?an w\ld be possible :5 only solid timb] 0 us$4 ,z a prom95t in/ance ( ! ext5t to :i* ! ,romans c>ri$ ! co/l9ess ( "s special pieces ( furniture1 we h x record$ on good au?ority 7,mr4 ,poll57 t ! table made = ,cic]o co/ a million se/]ces1 a sum equal to ab\t #i1jjj1 & t "o belong+ to ,k+ ,juba 0 sold by auction = ! equival5t ( #aj1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,an ,,anci5t ,,roman ,,h\se4 ,said to h be5 t ( ,sallu/4 ,,p]iod3 ,b4,c4 #bj ,,to ,a4,d4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,roman ,,/udy4 ,%ew+ ,scrolls or ,books 9 a ,scr9ium2 also ,lamp1 ,writ+ ,tables1 etc4 ,cic]o's table 0 made ( a wood call$ ,?y9e--wood :i* 0 br\ght f ,africa & held 9 ! highe/ e/eem4 ,x 0 valu$ n only on acc\nt ( its beauty b also f sup]/iti\s or religi\s reasons4 ,! possession ( ?y9e wood 0 suppos$ to br+ good luck1 & its sacr$ness arose f ! fact t f x 0 produc$ ! inc5se us$ by ! prie/s4 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,clapton1 ( ,/4 ,?omas' ,hospital1 :o made a collection ( woods nam$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 manag$ to secure a specim5 ( ?y9e1 :i* a fri5d ( 8 obta9$ on ! ,atlas ,m\nta9s4 ,x resembles ! woods :i* we "k z tuy]e & amboyna4#b ,roman1 l ,greek h\ses1 7 divid$ into two portions--! front = ! reception ( gue/s & ! duties ( society1 ) ! back = h\sehold purposes1 & ! occupation ( ! wife & family2 = al?\gh ! position ( ! ,roman wife 0 sup]ior to t ( h] ,greek contempor>y1 :i* 0 little bett] ?an t ( a slave1 /ill x 0 v diff]5t to its lat] developm5t4 ,! illu/ration foll[+ p4 #af1 ( a repa/ 9 ! h\se ( ,sallu/1 repres5ts ! ho/ & 8 eight male gue/s recl9+ on ! seats ( ! p]iod1 ea* ( :i* held ?ree p]sons1 & 0 call$ a tricl9ium1 mak+ up ! fav\rite numb] ( a ,roman d9n] p>ty1 & possibly giv+ u ! prov]bial say+--,n less ?an ! ,graces nor m ?an ! ,muses--:i* is /ill held to be a popul> regulation = a d9n] p>ty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,scamnum ,,or ,,b5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,bisellium1 ,,or ,,seat ,,= ,,two ,,p]sons4 ,b g5]ally occupi$ by "o1 on occasions ( fe/ivals1 etc4 ,f discov]ies at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii a great deal ( in=mation has be5 ga9$ ( ! dome/ic life ( ! weal?i] ,roman citiz5s1 & !re is a useful illu/ration on ! prec$+ page ( ! furniture ( a libr>y or /udy 9 :i* ! designs are v simil> to ! ,greek ones we h notic$2 x is n improbable !y 7 made & execut$ by ,greek workm54 ,x w be se5 t ! books su* z 7 !n us$1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ on %elves or 9 a bookcase1 7 kept 9 r\nd boxes call$ ,scr9ia1 :i* 7 g5]ally ( bee* wood1 & c\ld be lock$ or seal$ :5 requir$4 ,! books 9 rolls or sewn toge!r 7 ?us easily c>ri$ ab\t by ! own] on 8 j\rneys4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 m5tions t we>+ app>el 0 kept 9 ve/i>ia1 or w>drobe rooms1 & he quotes ,plut>*'s anecdote ( ! purple cloaks ( ,lucullus1 :i* 7 s num]\s t !y mu/ h be5 /or$ 9 capaci\s hang+ closets r ?an 9 *e/s4 ,9 ! atrium1 or public reception room1 0 probably ! be/ furniture 9 ! h\se4 ,accord+ to ,m\le's ,essay on ,roman ,villas1 x 0 "h t numb]s assembl$ daily to pay _! respects to _! patron1 to consult ! legislator1 to attract ! notice ( ! /atesman1 or to d]ive importance 9 ! eyes ( ! public f ! app>5t intimacy ) a man 9 p[]4 ,! gr[? ( ! ,roman ,empire ea/w>d1 ! colonisation ( ,ori5tal c\ntries1 & subsequ5tly ! e/abli%m5t ( an ,ea/]n ,empire1 produc$ gradually an alt]ation 9 ,greek design1 & ?\gh1 if we 7 discuss+ ! m]its ( design & ! canons ( ta/e1 ?is might be consid]$ a decl9e1 /ill its influ5ce on furniture 0 d\btless to produce m ease & luxury1 m w>m? & com=t1 ?an w\ld be possible if ! outl9e ( e article ( useful furniture 7 decid$ by a rigid adh]5ce to classical pr9ciples4 ,we h se5 t ?is 0 m consonant ) ! public life ( an ,a!nian2 b ! ,romans1 9 ! lat] p]iod ( ! ,empire1 ) _! weal?1 _! extravagance1 _! slaves1 _! immorality & gross s5suality1 liv$ 9 a spl5d\r & ) a prodigality t well accord$ ) ! gorge\s color+ ( ,ea/]n hang+s & embroid]ies1 ( ri* c>pets & com=table cu%ions1 ( ! lavi% use ( gold & silv]1 & m]etrici\s & r$undant ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,c\*1 ,,g5]ally ,,( ,,bronze4 7,f an ,antique ,bas-relief47 ,?is slight sket*1 brief & inadequate z x is1 ( a hi/ory ( furniture f ! e>lie/ "t ( :i* we h any record1 until f ! extraord9>y gr[? ( ! va/ ,roman ,empire1 ! arts & manufactures ( e c\ntry became z x 7 c5tralis$ & focuss$ 9 ! palaces ( ! weal?y ,romans1 br+s u d[n to ! comm5cem5t ( :at has be5 des]v$ly call$ ! greate/ ev5t 9 hi/ory--! decl9e & fall ( ?is enorm\s empire4 ,= fifte5 g5]ations1 = "s five hundr$ ye>s1 did ?is decay1 ?is va/ revolution1 proce$ to its conclusion4 ,b>b>ian ho/s settl$ d[n 9 prov9ces !y _h ov]run & conqu]$1 ! old ,pagan _w di$ z x 71 & ! new ,*ri/ian era dawn$4 ,f ! latt] end ( ! second c5tury until ! la/ ( ! ,we/]n ,cs>s1 9 ,a4,d4 #dgf1 x is1 ) ! exception ( a %ort int]val :5 ! /rong h& ( ! great ,!odosius /ay$ ! avalan*e ( ,rome's invad]s1 "o long /ory ( ! defeat & humiliation ( ! citiz5s ( ! greate/ p[] ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,x is a va/ drama t ! g5ius & pati5ce ( a ,gibbon has alone be5 able to deal )1 defy+ almo/ by its gigantic cata/rophes & ev] rag+ turbul5ce ! p5 ( hi/ory to *ronicle & arrange4 ,:5 ! curta9 rises on a new ord] ( ?+s1 ! age ( ,paganism has pass$ away1 & ! p]iod ( ! ,middle ,ages w h comm5c$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,bronze ,,lamp ,,& ,,/&4 7,f\nd 9 ,pompeii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,roman ,,tricl9ium1 ,,or ,,d9+ ,,room4 ,! plan 9 ! m>g9 %ews ! position ( gue/s2 ! place ( honor 0 t :i* is indicat$ by ,no4 #a1 & t ( ! ho/ by ,no4 #i4 7,! ,illu/ration is tak5 f ,dr4 ,jacob von ,falke's ,kun/ im ,hause47 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( ,tricl9ium4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,goph] is suppos$ to mean cypress wood4 ,see ,notes on ,woods 7,app5dix74 ,footnote #b3 ,see also ,notes on ,woods 7,app5dix74 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,middle ,ages4 ,p]iod ( #a1jjj ye>s f ,fall ( ,rome1 ,a4,d4 #dgf1 to ,capture ( ,con/ant9ople1 #adec--,! ,crusades--,influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity--,*airs ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,maximian at ,rome1 ,rav5na1 & ,v5ice--,edict ( ,leo ,,iii4 prohibit+ ,image wor%ip--,! ,rise ( ,v5ice--,*>lemagne & 8 successors--,! ,*air ( ,dagob]t--,byzant9e "* ( ,furniture--,norwegian c>v+--,russian & ,sc&9avian--,! ,anglo-,saxons--,sir ,walt] ,scott quot$--,descriptions ( ,anglo-,saxon ,h\ses & ,cu/oms--,art 9 ,flemi% ,cities--,go?ic ,ar*itecture--,! ,coronation ,*air at ,we/m9/] ,abbey--,p5%ur/--,fr5* ,furniture 9 ! #ad? ,c5tury--,description ( rooms--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,transition f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance--,g]man c>v$ "w2 ! ,cr$5ce1 ! ,buffet1 & ,dressoir4 ,! hi/ory ( furniture is s ?or\ghly a "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( diff]5t peoples1 t "o c only und]/& & appreciate ! sev]al *anges 9 /yle1 sometimes gradual & sometimes rapid1 by ref]5ce to c]ta9 hi/orical ev5ts & influ5ces by :i* su* *anges 7 effect$4 ,?us1 we h dur+ ! space ( "t kn[n z ! ,middle ,ages1 a /ret* ( "s #a1jjj ye>s1 dat+ f ! fall ( ,rome itself1 9 ,a4,d4 #dgf to ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks "u ,mahomet ,,ii4 9 #adec1 an hi/orical panorama ( /rik+ incid5ts & great social *anges be>+ ^u our subject4 ,x 0 a turbul5t & viol5t p]iod1 :i* saw ! completion ( ,rome's d[nfall1 ! rise ( ! ,c>lov+ian family1 ! subjection ( ,brita9 by ! ,saxons1 ! ,danes1 & ! ,normans2 ! extraord9>y c>e] & =tunes ( ,mahomet2 ! conque/ ( ,spa9 & a great "p ( ,africa by ! ,moors2 & ! ,crusades1 :i* unit$ 9 a common cause ! swords & spe>s ( fri5d & foe4 ,x 0 ! age ( mona/]ies & conv5ts1 ( religi\s p]secutions & ( h]oic /ruggles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ! age ( feudalism1 *ivalry1 & w>1 b t[>ds its close a "t ( comp>ative civilisation & progress1 ( d>kness giv+ way to ! light :i* foll[$2 ! night ( ! ,middle ,ages prec$+ ! dawn ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,) ! gr[+ importance ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! capital ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 families ( well-to-d citiz5s flock$ ?i!r f o!r p>ts1 br++ ) !m all _! mo/ valuable possessions3 & ! h\ses ( ! great became ri* 9 ornam5tal furniture1 ! /yle ( :i* 0 a mixture ( ,ea/]n & ,roman1--t is1 a corruption ( ! e>ly ,classic ,greek develop+ into ! /yle kn[n z ,byzant9e4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity ^u ! position ( wom5 mat]ially affect$ ! cu/oms & habits ( ! p4 ,ladies 7 all[$ to be se5 9 *>iots & op5 c>riages1 ! designs ( :i*1 !re=e1 improv$ & became m v>i$2 ! old cu/om ( recl9+ at meals ceas$1 & gue/s sat on b5*es2 & ?\gh we h1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 su* z ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,rome1 & t ( ,maximian 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,rav5na1 no specim5s ( furniture ( ?is "t1 we h 9 ! old ,byzant9e ivory bas-reliefs su* repres5tations ( circul> ?rone *airs & ( ecclesia/ical furniture1 z suffice to %[ ! class ( woodwork !n 9 vogue4 ,! *air ( ,/4 ,pet] is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ relics ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! woodcut w %ew ! design1 :i* is1 l o!r "w ( ! p]iod1 ,byzant9e1 & ! foll[+ description is tak5 f ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5's introduction to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton catalogue3--,! *air is con/ruct$ ( wood1 ov]laid ) c>v$ ivory "w & gold4 ,! back is b\nd toge!r ) iron4 ,x is a squ>e ) solid front & arms4 ,! wid? 9 front is #ci in*es2 ! height 9 front #cj in*es1 %ew+ t a scabellum or foot/ool mu/ h belong$ to x4444 ,9 ! front are #ah gr\ps or compositions f ! ,gospels1 c>v$ 9 ivory ) exquisite f95ess1 & work$ ) inlay ( ! pure/ gold4 ,on ! out] sides are sev]al little figures c>v$ 9 ivory4 ,x =m$1 accord+ to tradition1 "p ( ! furniture ( ! h\se ( ! ,s5ator ,pud5s1 an e>ly conv]t to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,x is he :o gave to ! ,*ur* 8 h\se 9 ,rome1 ( :i* mu* t rema9s is cov]$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pud5ziana4 ,pud5s gave ?is *air to ,/4 ,pet]1 & x became ! ?rone ( ! ,see4 ,x 0 kept 9 ! old ,basilica ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 transf]r$ f place to place1 until n[ x rema9s 9 ! pres5t ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 b is completely hidd5 f view by ! seat or cov]+ made 9 #affg1 by ,b]n9i1 out ( bronze tak5 f ! ,pan!on4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ?is fam\s *air4 ,c>d9al ,wiseman & ! ,cavali]e de ,rossi h def5d$ its reputation & its hi/ory1 & ,mr4 ,nesbitt1 "s ye>s ago1 read a pap] on ! subject be=e ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet]1 ,,rome4 ,=m]ly !re 0 9 ,v5ice ano!r *air ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ( :i* !re is a sket* f a photograph 9 ,mrs4 ,oliphant's ,mak]s ( ,v5ice4 ,x is said to h be5 a pres5t f ! ,emp]or ,mi*ael1 son ( ,!ophilus 7#hbd-hfd71 to ! ,v5etian ,republic 9 recognition ( s]vices r5d]$1 by ei!r ! ,doge ,gradonico1 :o di$ 9 #hfd1 or 8 pr$ecessor1 aga9/ ! ,mahomm$an incursions4 ,fragm5ts only n[ rema91 & ^! are pres]v$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pietro1 at ,ca/ello4 ,!re is also a *air ( hi/oric fame pres]v$ 9 ,v5ice1 & n[ kept 9 ! treasury ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,orig9ally 9 ,alex&ria1 x 0 s5t to ,con/ant9ople & =m$ "p ( ! spoils tak5 by ! ,v5etians 9 #abjd4 ,l bo? ! o!r *airs1 ?is 0 also ornam5t$ ) ivory plaques1 b ^! h be5 replac$ by ornam5tal m>ble4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! be=e-m5tion$ *airs1 namely1 ! "o at ,rav5na1 0 made = ! ,ar*bi%op ab\t #edf to #eef1 & is ?us describ$ 9 ,mr4 ,maskell's ,h&book on ,ivories1 9 ! ,sci5ce & ,art s]ies3--,! *air has a high back1 r\nd 9 %ape1 & is entirely cov]$ ) plaques ( ivory arrang$ 9 panels c>v$ 9 high relief ) sc5es f ! ,gospels & ) figures ( sa9ts4 ,! plaques h bord]s ) foliat$ ornam5ts1 birds & animals2 fl[]s & fruits fill+ ! int]m$iate spaces4 ,du ,somm]>d names among/ ! mo/ rem>kable subjects1 ! ,annunciation1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,wise ,m51 ! ,flight into ,egypt1 & ! ,baptism ( ,our ,"l4 ,! *air has also be5 describ$ by ,pass]i1 ! fam\s ,italian antiqu>y1 & a pap] ^u x 0 read by ,sir ,digby ,wyatt1 be=e ! ,arundel ,society1 9 :i* he rem>k$ t z x _h be5 =tunately pres]v$ z a holy relic1 x wore almo/ ! same appe>ance z :5 us$ by ! prelate = :om x 0 made1 save = ! beautiful t9t ) :i* "t _h inve/$ x4 ,long be=e ! g5]al break up ( ! va/ ,roman ,empire1 influ5ces _h be5 at "w to dec5tralise ,art1 & cause ! migration ( tra9$ & skilful artisans to c\ntries :]e _! "w w\ld build up fre% indu/ries1 & give an impetus to progress1 :]e hi!rto !re _h be5 /agnation4 ,"o ( ^! influ5ces 0 ! decree issu$ 9 ,a4,d4 #gbf by ,leo ,,iii41 ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 prohibit+ all image wor%ip4 ,! consequ5ces to ,art ( su* a decree 7 d\btless simil> to ! fanatical proce$+s ( ! ,engli% ,puritans ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 & arti/s1 driv5 f _! homes1 7 scatt]$ to ! diff]5t ,european capitals1 :]e !y 7 gladly receiv$ & f\nd employm5t & patronage4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t at ?is "t ,v5ice 0 gradually ris+ to t m>vell\s position ( weal? & p[] :i* %e aft]w>ds held4 ,a rul] ( ! wat]s & _! p[]s3 ,& su* %e 02--h] daught]s _h _! d[]s ,f spoils ( nations1 & ! exhau/less ,ea/ ,p\r'd 9 h] lap all gems 9 sp>kl+ %[]s2 ,9 purple 0 %e rob$ & ( h] fea/s ,mon>*s p>took1 & deem$ _! dignity increas$4 ,h] weal?y m]*ants 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! arts & manufactures ( o!r c\ntries1 & ,v5ice w\ld be j "o ( ^? cities to attract ! arti/ refugee4 ,x is inde$ "h t wood c>v+ z an ,art may be said to h specially develop$ itself1 & ?\gh1 f its de/ructible nature1 !re are v few specim5s extant dat+ f ?is e>ly "t1 yet we %all see t two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat]1 ornam5tal woodwork fl\ri%$ 9 a /ate ( p]fection :i* mu/ h requir$ a long probation>y p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dagob]t ,,*air4 ,*air ( ,dagob]t1 ( gilt bronze1 n[ 9 ! ,muse de ,s\v]a9s1 ,p>is4 ,orig9ally z a fold+ *air said to be ! "w ( ,/4 ,eloi1 #g? c5tury2 back & arms add$ by ! ,abbe ,sug] 9 #ab? c5tury4 ,!re is an electrotype reproduction 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,turn+ f ,v5ice4 ,dur+ ! latt] end ( ! eigh? c5tury ! /> ( ,*>lemagne 0 9 ! asc5dant1 & ?\gh we h no au!ntic specim51 & sc>cely a picture ( any wood5 furniture ( ?is reign1 we "k t1 9 appropriat+ ! prop]ty ( ! ,gallo-,romans1 ! ,frank ,emp]or-,k+ & 8 *iefs 7 9 "s degree educat+ !mselves to high] notions ( luxury & civilisation4 ,paul ,lacroix1 9 ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 & ,dress ( ! ,middle ,ages1 tells u t ! tri*orum1 or d9+ room1 0 g5]ally ! l>ge/ hall 9 ! palace3 two r[s ( columns divid$ x into ?ree p>ts1 "o = ! royal family1 "o = ! (fic]s ( ! h\sehold1 & ! ?ird = ! gue/s1 :o 7 g5]ally num]\s4 ,no p]son ( rank :o visit$ ! ,k+ c\ld leave )\t sitt+ at 8 table or at lea/ dra9+ a cup to 8 heal?4 ,! ,k+'s hospitality 0 magnific5t1 especially on great religi\s fe/ivals1 su* z ,*ri/mas & ,ea/]4 ,9 o!r portions ( ?is "w ( ref]5ce we read ( boxes to hold articles ( value1 & ( ri* hang+s1 b beyond su* allusions little c be glean$ ( any furniture besides4 ,! celebrat$ *air ( ,dagob]t 7illu/rat$ on p4 #ba71 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 & ( :i* !re is a ca/ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 dates f "s #aej ye>s be=e ,*>lemagne1 & is probably ! only specim5 ( furniture belong+ to ?is p]iod :i* has be5 h&$ d[n to u4 ,x is made ( gilt bronze1 & is said to be ! "w ( a monk4 ,= ! designs ( furniture ( ! t5? to ! f\rte5? c5turies we are 9 a great measure dep5d5t ^u old illum9at$ manuscripts & missals ( ^! remote times4 ,!re are "s illu/rations ( ! seats ( ,/ate us$ by sov]eigns on ! occasions ( gr& banquets1 or ( "s ecclesia/ical function1 to be f\nd 9 ! valuable collections ( old docum5ts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ! ,national ,libr>ies ( ,p>is & ,brussels4 ,x is evid5t f ^! au?orities t ! designs ( ,/ate furniture 9 ,france & o!r c\ntries dom9at$ by ! ,c>lov+ian mon>*s 7 ( ,byzant9e "*1 t pseudo-classic /yle :i* 0 ! prototype ( furniture ( ab\t a ?\s& ye>s lat]1 :5 ! ,cs>ism ( ,napoleon ,i41 dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 produc$ s _m designs :i* we n[ recognise z ,empire4 ,no hi/ory ( m$ival woodwork w\ld be complete )\t notic+ ! ,sc&9avian furniture & ornam5tal wood c>v+ ( ! t5? to ! fifte5? c5turies4 ,!re are 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum pla/] ca/s ( "s ?ree or f\r c>v$ doorways ( ,norwegian workman%ip1 ( ! t5?1 elev5?1 & twelf? c5turies1 9 :i* scrolls are entw9$ ) contort$ mon/]s1 or1 to quote ,mr4 ,lovett's description1 dragons ( hide\s aspect & s]p5ts ( m ?an usually tortu\s proclivities4 ,! woodcut ( a c>v$ l9tel conveys a fair idea ( ?is "w1 & also ( ! old junip] wood tank>ds ( a mu* lat] "t4 ,!re are also at ,k5s+ton o!r ca/s ( curi\s ,sc&9avian woodwork ( m ,byzant9e treatm5t1 ! orig9als ( :i* are 9 ! ,museums ( ,/ockholm & ,cop5hag51 :]e ! collection ( antique woodwork ( native production is v l>ge & int]e/+1 & proves h[ wood c>v+1 z an indu/rial ,art1 has fl\ri%$ 9 ,sc&9avia f ! e>ly ,vik+ times4 ,"o c /ill see 9 ! old *ur*es ( ,borgund & ,hitt]dal mu* ( ! c>v$ woodwork ( ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies2 & l9tels & por*es full ( national "* are to be f\nd 9 ,!lem>k54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c>v$ ,,norwegian ,,doorway4 ,,p]iod3 ,x4 ,,to ,,xi4 ,,c5tury4 ,"u ! head+ ( ,sc&9avian may be includ$ ! v e>ly ,russian s*ool ( ornam5tal woodwork4 ,be=e ! accession ( ! ,roman(f dyna/y 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,ruric race ( k+s came orig9ally f ,f9l&1 !n a prov9ce ( ,sw$52 & s f> z "o c see f old illum9at$ manuscripts1 !re 0 a simil>ity ( design to ^? ( ! e>ly ,norwegian & ,sw$i% c>v$ l9tels :i* h be5 notic$ above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,wood ,,*air1 ,,sc&9avian ,,"w4 ,,p]iod3 #ab? & #ac? ,c5tury4 ,! c(f]s & caskets ( e>ly m$ival times 7 no inconsid]able items 9 ! valuable furniture ( a p]iod :5 ! li/ ( articles com+ "u t def9ition 0 s limit$4 ,^! 7 made 9 oak = g5]al use1 & "s 7 ( good workman%ip2 b ( ! v e>lie/ none rema94 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 o!rs1 small] & ( a special "*1 made 9 ivory ( ! walrus & elephant1 ( horn & :alebone1 besides ^? ( metal4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is "o ( ^!1 ( :i* ! cov] is illu/rat$ on ! foll[+ page1 repres5t+ a man def5d+ 8 h\se aga9/ an attack by enemies arm$ ) spe>s & %ields4 ,o!r p>ts ( ! casket are c>v$ ) subjects & runic inscriptions :i* h enabl$ ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 an au?ority on ?is p]iod ( ar*ology1 to assign its date to ! eigh? c5tury1 & its manufacture to t ( ,nor?umbria4 ,x mo/ probably repres5ts a local incid5t1 & "p ( ! inscription ref]s to a ^w signify+ trea*]y4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ! late ,sir ,a4 ,w4 ,franks1 ,f4,s4,a41 & is "o ( ! _m valuable specim5s giv5 to ! ,briti% ,museum by its g5]\s curator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cov] ,,( ,a ,,casket ,,c>v$ ,,9 ,,:alebone4 7,nor?umbrian1 #h? ,c5tury4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,( ! furniture ( our own c\ntry previ\s to ! elev5? or twelf? c5turies we "k b little4 ,! habits ( ! ,anglo-,saxons 7 rude & simple1 & !y advanc$ b sl[ly 9 civilisation until aft] ! ,norman invasion4 ,to convey1 h[ev]1 to our m9ds "s idea ( ! int]ior ( a ,saxon ?ane's ca/le1 we may avail ourselves ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott's antiqu>ian rese>*1 & borr[ 8 description ( ! *ief ap>tm5t 9 ,ro!rwood1 ! hospitable hall ( ,c$ric ! ,saxon4 ,?\gh ! "t treat$ ( 9 ,ivanhoe is q at ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 yet we h 9 ,c$ric a type ( man :o w\ld h glori$ 9 reta9+ ! cu/oms ( 8 ance/ors1 :o dete/$ & despis$ ! new-fa%ion$ mann]s ( 8 conqu]ors1 & :o came ( a race t _h probably done v little 9 ! way ( refurni%+ = "s g5]ations4 ,if1 !re=e1 we h ! read]'s p>don = rely+ ^u ! mise en scne ( a novel = an au?ority1 we %all imag9e ! m easily :at k9d ( furniture our ,anglo-,saxon =efa!rs indulg$ 94 ,9 a hall1 ! height ( :i* 0 greatly disproportion$ to its extreme l5g? & wid?1 a long oak5 table--=m$ ( planks r\gh hewn f ! =e/1 & :i* _h sc>cely receiv$ any poli%--/ood ready prep>$ = ! ev5+ meal4444 ,on ! sides ( ! ap>tm5t hung implem5ts ( w> & ( ! *ase1 & !re 7 at ea* corn] fold+ doors :i* gave access to ! o!r p>ts ( ! ext5sive build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,saxon ,,h\se ,,( #i,,? ,,or #aj,,? ,,c5tury4 7,f ! ,h>leian ,,mss4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,! o!r appo9tm5ts ( ! mansion p>took ( ! rude simplicity ( ! ,saxon p]iod1 :i* ,c$ric piqu$ himself ^u ma9ta9+4 ,! floor 0 compos$ ( e>? mix$ ) lime1 trodd5 into a h>d sub/ance1 su* z is (t5 employ$ 9 floor+ our mod]n b>ns4 ,= ab\t "o qu>t] ( ! l5g? ( ! ap>tm5t1 ! floor 0 rais$ by a /ep1 & ?is space1 :i* 0 call$ ! das1 0 occupi$ only by ! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! family & visitors ( di/9ction4 ,= ?is purpose a table ri*ly cov]$ ) sc>let clo? 0 plac$4 transv]sely across ! plat=m1 f ! middle ( :i* ran ! long] & l[] bo>d1 at :i* ! dome/ic & inf]ior p]sons f$1 d[n t[>ds ! bottom ( ! hall4 ,! :ole resembl$ ! =m ( ! lett] ,t1 or "s ( ^? anci5t d9n] tables :i*1 arrang$ on ! same pr9ciples1 may /ill be se5 9 ! anci5t colleges ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,massive *airs & settles ( c>v$ oak 7 plac$ ^u ! das1 & ov] ^! seats & ! elevat$ tables 0 fa/5$ a canopy ( clo?1 :i* s]v$ 9 "s degree to protect ! dignit>ies :o occupi$ t di/+ui%$ /ation f ! wea!r1 & especially f ! ra91 :i* 9 "s places f\nd its way ?r\gh ! ill-con/ruct$ ro(4 ,! walls ( ?is upp] end ( ! hall1 z f> z ! das ext5d$1 7 cov]$ ) hang+s or curta9s1 & ^u ! floor !re 0 a c>pet1 bo? ( :i* 7 adorn$ ) "s attempts at tape/ry or embroid]y1 execut$ ) brilliant or r gaudy col\r+4 ,ov] ! l[] range ( table ! ro( _h no cov]+1 ! r\gh pla/]$ walls 7 left b>e1 ! rude e>!n floor 0 unc>pet$1 ! bo>d 0 uncov]$ by a clo?1 & rude massive b5*es suppli$ ! place ( *airs4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] table 7 plac$ two *airs m elevat$ ?an ! re/1 = ! ma/] & mi/ress ( ! family4 ,to ea* ( ^! 0 add$ a foot/ool curi\sly c>v$ & inlaid ) ivory1 :i* m>k ( di/9ction 0 peculi> to !m4 ,a draw+ 9 ! ,h>leian ,,mss4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is %ewn on page #be1 illu/rat+ a ,saxon mansion 9 ! n9? or t5? c5tury4 ,!re is ! hall 9 ! c5tre1 ) *amb] & b[] on ei!r side2 !re be+ only a gr\nd floor1 z 9 ! e>li] ,roman h\ses4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,wright1 ,f4,s4,a41 :o has writt5 on ! subject ( ,anglo-,saxon mann]s & cu/oms1 !re 0 only "o in/ance record$ ( an upp] floor at ?is p]iod1 & t 0 9 an acc\nt ( an accid5t :i* happ5$ to ! h\se 9 :i* ! ,witan or ,c\ncil ( ,/4 ,dun/an met1 :51 accord+ to ! anci5t *ronicle :i* he quotes1 ! ,c\ncil fell f an upp] floor1 & ,/4 ,dun/an sav$ himself f a simil> fate by support+ 8 weight on a beam4 ,! illu/ration "h giv5 %ews ! ,anglo-,saxon *iefta9 /&+ at ! door ( 8 hall1 ) 8 lady1 di/ribut+ food to ! ne$y poor4 ,o!r woodcuts repres5t ,anglo-,saxon b$/eads1 :i* 7 little bett] ?an rais$ wood5 boxes1 ) sacks ( /raw plac$ !re91 & ^! 7 g5]ally 9 recesses4 ,!re are old inv5tories & wills 9 exi/5ce :i* %ew t "s value & importance 0 atta*$ to ^! primitive contrivances1 :i* at ?is e>ly p]iod 9 our hi/ory 7 ! luxuries ( only a few p]sons ( high rank4 ,a c]ta9 w recites t ! b$clo!s 7b$-reafs7 ) a curta9 7hyrfte7 & %eet 7hepp-scrytan71 & all t !reto belongs1 %\ld be giv5 to 8 son4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ! murd] ( ,k+ ,a!lb]t by ! ,que5 ( ,k+ ,(fa1 z told by ,rog] ( ,w5dov]1 we read ( ! ,que5 ord]+ a *amb] to be made ready = ! ,royal gue/1 :i* 0 adorn$ = ! occasion ) :at 0 !n consid]$ sumptu\s furniture4 ,ne> ! ,k+'s b$ %e caus$ a seat to be prep>$1 magnific5tly deck$ & surr\nd$ ) curta9s1 & und]nea? x ! wick$ woman caus$ a deep pit to be dug4 ,! au?or f :om ! above translation is quot$ adds ) grim hum\r1 ,x is cle> t ?is room 0 on ! gr\nd floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,furniture ,,( ,,ab\t ,,! #aj,,? ,,c5tury4 7,f old ,,mss4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 #a4 ,a ,dr9k+ ,p>ty4 #b4 ,a ,d9n] ,p>ty1 9 :i* ! att5dants are s]v+ ! meal on ! spits on :i* x has be5 cook$4 #c4 ,anglo-,saxon ,b$s4 ,!re are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum o!r old manuscripts ^: illu/rations h be5 laid "u contribution1 repres5t+ m innoc5t occupations ( our ,anglo-,saxon =efa!rs4 ,! seat on ! das1 an ,anglo-,saxon dr9k+ p>ty1 & o!r illu/rations :i* are 9 exi/5ce1 prove g5]ally t1 :5 ! meal _h f9i%$1 ! table 0 remov$ & dr9k+ vessels 7 h&$ r\nd f gue/ to gue/2 ! /ory-tell]s1 ! m9/rels1 & ! gleem5 7conjur]s7 or je/]s1 beguil+ ! fe/ive h\r ) _! diff]5t p]=mances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,seat ,,on ,,! ,,da,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,saxon ,,/ate ,,b$4 ,"s ( ^! ,anglo-,saxon h\ses _h =m]ly be5 ! villas ( ! ,romans dur+ _! occupation1 :i* 7 alt]$ & modifi$ to suit ! habits & ta/es ( _! lat] possessors4 ,"l ,lytton has giv5 u1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 novel ,h>old1 ! description ( "o ( su* ,saxoniz$ ,roman h\ses1 9 8 ref]5ce to ,hilda's abode4 ,! gradual influ5ce ( ,norman civilisation1 h[ev]1 _h its effect1 ?\gh ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! c\ntry prev5t$ any rapid developm5t ( indu/rial arts4 ,! feudal sy/em1 by :i* e p[]ful b>on became a petty sov]eign1 (t5 at w> ) 8 neighb\r1 r5d]$ x necess>y t h\sehold treasures %\ld be few & easily transport$ or hidd51 & ! e>lie/ oak *e/s :i* are /ill pres]v$ date f ab\t ?is "t4 ,b$/eads 7 n usual1 except = k+s1 que5s1 & great ladies2 tape/ry cov]$ ! walls1 & ! floors 7 g5]ally s&$4 ,z ! c\ntry became m calm1 & security = prop]ty m assur$1 ?is com=tless /ate ( liv+ disappe>$2 ! dress ( ! ladies 0 ri*]1 & ! g5]al habits ( ! upp] classes 7 m ref9$4 ,/airs 7 introduc$ into h\ses1 ! p>loir or talk+ room 0 add$1 & fire places ( brick or /onework 7 made 9 "s ( ! rooms1 :]e previ\sly ! smoke 0 all[$ to escape ?r\gh an ap]ture 9 ! ro(4 ,b$/eads 7 c>v$ & drap$ ) ri* hang+s4 ,armoires made ( oak & enri*$ ) c>v+s1 & ,presses date f ab\t ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,fold+ ,,*air1 #ad,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cradle ,,( ,,h5ry ,v4 ,x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 #abaf-abgb1 t wood-panell+ 0 fir/ us$ = rooms1 & consid]able progress g5]ally appe>s to h be5 made ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,eleanor ( ,prov5ce1 :om ! ,k+ m>ri$ 9 #abcf1 enc\rag$ m luxury 9 ! homes ( ! b>ons & c\rti]s4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 has quot$ a royal precept :i* 0 promulgat$ 9 ?is ye>1 & x pla9ly %ews t our ance/ors 7 becom+ m ref9$ 9 _! ta/es4 ,! t]ms ( ?is precept 7 z foll[s1 viz41 ,! ,k+'s great *amb] at ,we/m9/] to be pa9t$ a gre5 col\r l a curta91 t 9 ! great gable or frontispiece ( ! said *amb]1 a ,fr5* inscription %\ld be pa9t$1 & t ! ,k+'s little w>drobe %\ld be pa9t$ ( a gre5 col\r to imitate a curta94 ,9 ano!r #ajj or #aej ye>s we f9d m$ival ,art approa*+ its be/ p]iod1 n only 9 ,engl&1 b 9 ! great ,flemi% cities1 su* z ,bruges & ,gh5t1 :i* 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies play$ s important a "p 9 ! hi/ory ( t "t4 ,! ta/e = ,go?ic ar*itecture _h n[ well set 91 & we f9d t 9 ?is1 z 9 e *ange ( /yle1 ! fa%ion 9 woodwork naturally foll[$ t ( ornam5t 9 /one2 inde$1 9 _m cases x is m ?an probable t ! same h&s :i* plann$ ! ca!dral or mona/]y also drew ! designs = furniture1 especially z ! f9e/ specim5s ( wood c>v+ 7 devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! *ur*4 ,! examples1 !re=e1 ( ! woodwork ( ?is p]iod to :i* we h access are f\nd to be mo/ly ( ,go?ic patt]n1 ) qua9t di/ort$ conceptions ( animals & reptiles1 adapt$ to ornam5t ! /ructural "p ( ! furniture1 or = ! enri*m5t ( ! panels4 ,to ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury belongs ! ,coronation ,*air made = ,k+ ,edw>d ,i41 #abif-acjj1 & n[ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,?is hi/oric relic is ( oak1 & ! woodcut on ! opposite page gives an idea ( ! design & decorative c>v+4 ,x is said t ! p9nacles on ea* side ( ! gabl$ back 7 =m]ly surm\nt$ by two leop>ds1 ( :i* only small portions rema94 ,! fam\s ,coronation ,/one1 :i*1 accord+ to anci5t leg5d1 is ! id5tical "o on :i* ! patri>* ,jacob re/$ 8 head at ,be!l1 :5 he t>ri$ !re all night because ! sun 0 set1 & he took ( ! /ones ( t place & put !m up = 8 pill[s 7,g54 xxviii471 c be se5 ?r\gh ! quatrefoil op5+s "u ! seat4#c ,! c>v$ lions :i* support ! *air are n orig9al1 b mod]n "w2 & 7 re-gilt 9 hon\r ( ! ,jubilee ( ,h] ,maje/y 9 #ahhg1 :5 ! *air 0 la/ us$4 ,! re/ ( ! *air n[ %ews ! natural col\r ( ! oak1 except ! arms1 :i* h a slight padd+ on !m4 ,! wood 01 h[ev]1 =m]ly cov]$ ) a coat+ ( pla/]1 gild$ ov]1 & x is probably due to ?is protection t x is n[ 9 su* excell5t pres]vation4 ,/&+ by its side 9 ,h5ry ,,iii4's ,*apel 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey is ano!r *air1 simil>1 b lack+ ! trefoil ,go?ic ar*es1 :i* are c>v$ on ! sides ( ! orig9al *air2 ?is 0 made = & us$ by ,m>y1 daught] ( ,james ,,ii4 & wife ( ,william ,,iii41 on ! occasion ( _! d\ble coronation4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 has giv5 u a long description ( ?is *air1 ) quotations f ! diff]5t hi/orical notices :i* h appe>$ conc]n+ x4 ,! foll[+ is an extract :i* he has tak5 f an old writ]3-- ,x appe>s t ! ,k+ int5d$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to make ! *air 9 bronze1 & t ,eldam1 ! ,k+'s workman1 _h actually begun x4 ,inde$1 "s p>ts 7 ev5 f9i%$1 & tools b\ght = ! cle>+ up ( ! ca/+4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,k+ *ang$ 8 m9d1 & we h accord+ly #ajjs4 paid = a *air 9 wood1 made aft] ! same patt]n z ! "o :i* 0 to be ca/ 9 copp]2 also #acs4 #d;d4 = c>v+1 pa9t+1 & gild+ two small leop>ds 9 wood1 :i* 7 deliv]$ to ,ma/] ,walt]1 ! ,k+'s pa9t]1 to be plac$ ^u & on ei!r side ( ! *air made by him4 ,! w>drobe acc\nt ( #bi? ,ed4 ,i4 %[s t ,ma/] ,walt] 0 paid #a #ais4 #g;d4 '= mak+ a /ep at ! foot ( ! new *air 9 :i* ! ,scotti% /one is plac$2 & = ! wages ( ! c>p5t]s & ( ! pa9t]s1 & = col\rs & gold employ$1 & = ! mak+ a cov]+ to cov] ! said *air4' ,illu/ration3 ,,coronation ,,*air1 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,9 #acbh1 ,june #a1 !re 0 a royal writ ord]+ ! abbot to deliv] up ! /one to ! ,%]iff ( ,london1 to be c>ri$ to ! ,que5-,"m2 h[ev]1 x 0 n s5t4 ,! *air has be5 us$ ^u ! occasion ( e coronation s9ce t "t1 except 9 ! case ( ,m>y1 :o is said to h us$ a *air specially s5t by ! ,pope = ! occasion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,9 ,,! ,,ve/ry ,,( ,,york ,,m9/]4 ,late #ad? ,c5tury4 ,! above draw+ ( a *air 9 ,york ,m9/]1 & ! two m ?rone-l seats on a full-page illu/ration1 w s]ve to %ew ! be/ k9d ( ornam5tal ,ecclesia/ical furniture ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! *oir ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral !re is a *air :i* has play$ its "p 9 hi/ory1 &1 al?\gh e>li] ?an ! above1 x may be conv5i5tly m5tion$ "h4 ,?is is ! ,ar*bi%op's ?rone1 & x is also call$ ! *air ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,accord+ to leg5d1 ! ,saxon k+s 7 cr[n$ !reon1 b x is probably n e>li] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is an excell5t piece ( /onework1 ) a %ap$ back & arms1 reliev$ f be+ q pla9 by ! back & sides be+ panell$ ) a c>v$ m\ld+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air4 ,9 ,/4 ,m>y's ,hall1 ,cov5try4 ,,*air4 ,f an ,old ,engli% ,mona/]y4 ,,p]iod ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/&+ ,,table ,,at ,,p5%ur/1 ,,/ill ,,on ,,! ,,da,s ,,9 ,,! ,,hall4 ,p5%ur/ ,place1 ne> ,tonbridge1 ! resid5ce ( ! late ,"l de l',isle & ,dudley1 ! hi/oric home ( ! ,sydneys1 is almo/ an unique example ( :at a weal?y ,engli% g5tleman's c\ntry h\se 0 ab\t ! "t ( :i* we are writ+1 say ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 or dur+ ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ! late ,"l de l',isle1 ! writ] 0 all[$ to exam9e _m objects ( great int]e/ !re1 & f ! c>eful pres]vation ( _m orig9al fitt+s & articles ( furniture1 "o may /ill ga9 "s idea ( ! hall z x appe>$ :5 t "p ( ! h\se 0 ! sc5e ( ! *ief ev5ts 9 ! daily life ( ! family--! rais$ das = ho/ & hon\r$ gue/s1 ! bett] table :i* 0 plac$ !re 7illu/rat$ on ! prec$+ page71 & ! common] ones = ! body ( ! hall2 & ?\gh ! anci5t buffet :i* display$ ! gold & silv] cups is gone1 "o c see :]e x w\ld h /ood4 ,p5%ur/ is said to possess ! only he>? ( t p]iod n[ rema9+ 9 ,engl&1 an octagonal space edg$ ) /one 9 ! c5tre ( ! hall1 ov] :i* 0 once ! simple op5+ = ! outlet ( smoke ?r\gh ! ro(2 & ! old &irons or fir$ogs are /ill !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$room ,,9 ,,:i* ,a ,,knight ,,& ,,8 ,,lady ,,are ,,seat$4 7,f a ,m9iature 9 ,o!a1 a ,poem by ,*ri/9e de ,pisan4 ,,xiv4 ,c5tury1 ,fr5*47 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$/ead ,,& ,,*air ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 7,f ,m9iatures 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y1 ,brussels47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xiv4 ,,c5tury4 ,an idea ( ! furniture ( an ap>tm5t 9 ,france dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury is convey$ by ! illu/ration on ?is page1 & x is v useful1 because1 al?\gh we h on record _m descriptions ( ! appe>ance ( ! furniture ( /ate ap>tm5ts1 we h v few au!nticat$ acc\nts ( ! way 9 :i* su* dome/ic *amb]s z ! "o occupi$ by a knight & 8 lady 7 arrang$4 ,! prie-dieu *air 0 g5]ally at ! b$side1 & _h a seat :i* lift$ up1 ! l[] "p =m+ a boxlike receptacle = devotional books1 !n s regul>ly us$ by a lady ( ! "t4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !re 0 9 high qu>t]s a ta/e = bright & ri* color+2 we h ! te/imony ( an old writ] :o describes ! int]ior ( ! ,hotel de ,bohme1 :i*1 aft] hav+ be5 ! resid5ce ( sev]al great p]sonages1 0 giv5 by ,*>les ,,vi4 ( ,france 9 #achh to 8 bro!r ! ,duke ( ,orleans4 ,9 ?is palace 0 a room us$ by ! duke1 hung ) clo? ( gold1 bord]$ ) v]milion velvet embroid]$ ) roses2 ! ,du*ess _h a room hung ) v]milion sat9 embroid]$ ) crossb[s1 :i* 7 on h] coat ( arms2 t ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy 0 hung ) clo? ( gold embroid]$ ) w9dmills4 ,!re 7 besides eight c>pets ( glossy texture ) gold fl[]s1 "o repres5t+ '! sev5 virtues & sev5 vices1' ano!r ! hi/ory ( ,*>lemagne1 ano!r t ( ,sa9t ,l\is4 ,!re 7 also cu%ions ( clo? ( gold1 tw5ty-f\r pieces ( v]milion lea!r ( ,aragon1 & f\r c>pets ( ,aragon lea!r1 'to be plac$ on ! floor ( rooms 9 summ]4' ,! fav\rite arm-*air ( ! ,pr9cess is ?us describ$ 9 an inv5tory--'a *amb] *air ) f\r supports1 pa9t$ 9 f9e v]milion1 ! seat & arms ( :i* are cov]$ 9 v]milion morocco1 or cordovan1 work$ & /amp$ ) designs repres5t+ ! sun1 birds1 & o!r devices bord]$ ) fr+es ( silk & /udd$ ) nails4' ,! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies _h be5 rem>kable = a g5]al developm5t ( comm]ce2 m]*ants ( ,v5ice1 ,g5oa1 ,flor5ce1 ,milan1 ,gh5t1 ,bruges1 ,antw]p1 & _m o!r fam\s cities _h trad$ ext5sively ) ! ,ea/ & _h gr[n opul5t1 & _! homes naturally %ew$ signs ( weal? & com=t t 9 =m] times _h be5 impossible to any b pr9ces & ri* nobles4 ,laws _h be5 made 9 compliance ) ! compla9ts ( ! ari/ocracy1 to place "s curb on ! gr[+ ambition ( ! b\rgeoisie2 ?us we f9d an old edict 9 ! reign ( ,philippe ! ,fair 7#abhe-acad7--,no b\rgeois %all h a *>iot1 nor we> gold1 preci\s /ones1 nor cr[ns ( gold & silv]4 ,b\rgeois n be+ prelates or dignit>ies ( /ate %all n h tap]s ( wax4 ,a b\rgeois possess+ #b1jjj p\nds 7t\rnois7 or m1 may ord] = himself a dress ( #ab s\s#d #f d5i]s1 & = 8 wife "o wor? #af s\s at ! mo/1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,?is & _m o!r simil> regulations 7 made 9 va93 ! trad+ classes became m & m p[]ful1 & we quote ! description ( a furni%$ ap>tm5t f ,p4 ,lacroix's ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! walls 7 hung ) preci\s tape/ry ( ,cyprus1 on :i* ! initials & motto ( ! lady 7 embroid]$1 ! %eets 7 ( f9e l95 ( ,rheims1 & _h co/ m ?an #cjj p\nds1 ! quilt 0 a new inv5tion ( silk & silv] tissue1 ! c>pet 0 l gold4 ,! lady wore an elegant dress ( crimson silk1 & re/$ h] head & arms on pill[s ornam5t$ ) buttons ( ori5tal pe>ls4 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t ?is lady 0 n ! wife ( a great m]*ant1 su* z ^? ( ,v5ice & ,g5oa1 b ( a simple retail deal] :o 0 n above sell+ articles = #d s\s2 su* be+ ! case1 we _c wond] t ,*ri/9e de ,pisan %\ld h consid]$ ! anecdote 'wor?y ( be+ immortaliz$ 9 a book4' ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,born ,,infant4 ,%ew+ ! int]ior ( an ,ap>tm5t at ! end ( ! #ad? or comm5cem5t ( ! #ae? c5tury4 7,f a ,m9iature 9 ,hi/oire de la ,belle ,hla9e1 ,national ,libr>y ( ,p>is47 ,z we approa* ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 we f9d canopies add$ to ! *aires or *ay]s dors]et1 :i* 7 c>v$ 9 oak or *e/nut1 & sometimes elaborately gild$ & pick$ out 9 color4 ,! canopi$ seats 7 v bulky & ?rone-l con/ructions1 & 7 ab&on$ t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 & x is wor?y ( notice t ?\gh we h reta9$ our ^w *air1 adopt$ f ! ,norman ,fr5*1 ! ,fr5* p disc>d$ _! synonym 9 fav\r ( its dim9utive *aise to describe ! some:at small] & less massive seat :i* came into use 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,*ri/9e ,,de ,,pisan4 ,seat$ on a ,canopi$ ,*air ( c>v$ wood ! back l9$ ) tape/ry4 7,f ,m9iature on ,,ms41 9 ! ,burgundy ,libr>y1 ,brussels47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,! skill$ artisans ( ,p>is _h arriv$ at a v high degree ( excell5ce 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 old docum5ts describ+ valuable articles ( furniture1 c>e is tak5 to note t !y are ( ,p>isian workman%ip4 ,accord+ to ,lacroix1 !re is an acc\nt ( ! c\rt silv]smi?1 ,eti5ne ,la ,fonta9e1 :i* gives u an idea ( ! am\nt ( extravagance sometimes committ$ 9 ! manufacture & decorations ( a *air1 into :i* x 0 !n ! fa%ion to introduce ! incru/ations ( preci\s /ones2 ?us = mak+ a silv] arm *air & ornam5t+ x ) pe>ls1 cry/als1 & o!r /ones1 he *>g$ ! ,k+ ( ,france1 9 #aceb1 no less a sum ?an #ggd l\is4 ,! use ( ri* embroid]ies at /ate banquets & on gr& occasions appe>s to h comm5c$ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,ix4--,sa9t ,l\is1 z he is call$--& ^! 7 ri*ly emblazon$ ) arms & devices4 ,inde$1 x 0 probably due to ! fa%ion = ri* /uffs & cov]+s ( tables1 & ( velvet embroid]$ cu%ions = ! *airs1 t ! practice ( mak+ furniture ( ! preci\s metals di$ out1 & c>v$ wood came into fav\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ate ,,banquet1 ,,) ,,att5dant ,,musicians4 7,f ,m9iatures 9 ! ,national ,libr>y1 ,p>is47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,*airs ( ?is p]iod appe> only to h be5 us$ on v special occasions2 inde$1 !y 7 too cumb]some to be easily mov$ f place to place1 & 9 a m9iature f "s ,,mss4 ( ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :i* repres5ts a /ate banquet1 ! gue/s are seat$ on a long b5* ) ! back c>v$ 9 ,go?ic ornam5t ( ! "t4 ,9 ,skeat's ,diction>y1 our mod]n ^w banquet is said to be d]iv$ f ! bancs or b5*es us$ on ^! occasions4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,high ,,back$ ,,*air ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak 7,,go?ic ,,/yle74 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,,fr5*4 ,! great hall ( ! ,k+'s ,palace1 :]e su* an ent]ta9m5t z t giv5 by ,*>les ,v4 to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ( ,luxemburg w\ld h tak5 place1 0 also furni%$ ) ?ree dressoirs = ! display ( ! gold & silv] dr9k+ cups1 & vases ( ! "t2 ! repa/ itself 0 s]v$ ^u a m>ble table1 & above ! seat ( ea* ( ! ,pr9ces pres5t 0 a sep>ate canopy ( gold clo? embroid]$ ) fleur de lis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$i,,val ,,b$ ,,& ,,b$room4 7,f ,viollet-le-,duc47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xiv4 ,,to ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,,fr5*4 ,! furniture ( ord9>y h\ses ( ?is p]iod 0 v simple4 ,*e/s1 m or less c>v$1 & ornam5t$ ) iron "w1 settles ( oak or ( *e/nut1 /ools or b5*es ) c>v$ supports1 a b$/ead & a prie-dieu *air1 a table ) pla9 slab support$ on %ap$ /&>ds1 w\ld ne>ly complete ! inv5tory ( ! furniture ( ! *ief room 9 a h\se ( a well-to-d m]*ant 9 ,france until ! f\rte5? c5tury _h turn$4 ,! table 0 n>r[1 app>5tly n m ?an "s #cj in*es wide1 & gue/s sat on "o side only1 ! s]vice tak+ place f ! unoccupi$ side ( ! table4 ,9 palaces & b>onial halls1 ! s]vants ) di%es 7 foll[$ by musicians1 z %ewn 9 an old m9iature ( ! "t1 reproduc$ on page #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scribe ,,or ,,copyi/ ,work+ at 8 desk 9 a room 9 :i* are a read+ desk & a *e/ ) manuscript4 7,f an ,old ,m9iature47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,turn+ to ,g]man "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re is1 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 a ca/ ( ! fam\s *oir /alls 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,ulm1 :i* are consid]$ to be ! f9e/ "w ( ! ,swabian s*ool ( ,g]man wood c>v+4 ,! magnific5t panel ( foliage on ! front1 ! ,go?ic triple canopy ) ! bu/s ( ,isaiah4 ,david1 & ,daniel1 are ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic specim5s ( design2 ! signature ( ! arti/1 ,jrg ,syrl91 ) date #adfh1 are c>v$ on ! "w4 ,!re 7 orig9ally #hi *oir /alls1 & ! "w occupi$ ! ma/] f ! date m5tion$1 #adfh1 until #adgd4 ,! illu/rations ( ! two *airs ( ,g]man ,go?ic furniture1 =m]ly 9 "s ( ! old ca/les1 are good examples ( _! "t1 & are f draw+s made on ! spot by ,pr(4 ,heidel(f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,g]man ,,*airs1 ,,late #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 7,f ,draw+s made 9 ,old ,g]man ,ca/les by ,pr(4 ,heidel(f47 ,!re are 9 our ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum "s full siz$ pla/] ca/s ( important specim5s ( woodwork ( ! fifte5? & two previ\s c5turies1 & be+ ( au!nticat$ dates1 we c comp>e !m ) ! "w ( ! same c\ntries aft] ! ,r5aissance _h be5 adopt$ & _h completely alt]$ ! design4 ,?us 9 ,italy !re 01 until ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 a mixture ( ,byzant9e & ,go?ic1 ( :i* we c see a capital example 9 ! ca/s ( ! celebrat$ ,pulpit 9 ! ,bapti/ry ( ,pisa1 ! date ( :i* is #abfj4 ,! pill>s are support$ by lions1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ introduc$ h]aldically into ! design1 z w\ld be ! case "s two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 are be>+ ! :ole weight ( ! pill>s & an enorm\s sup]/ructure on ! holl[ ( _! backs 9 a mo/ impossible mann]4 ,! sp&ril ( ea* ar* is fill$ ) a sa9t 9 a grotesque position among/ ,go?ic foliage1 & !re is 9 _m respects a m>k$ contra/ to ! ca/s ( examples ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod :i* are 9 ! ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,buffet ,,9 ,,go?ic ,,/yle 7,,viollet ,,le ,,duc74 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,,fr5*4 ,?is transition f ,m$ival & ,go?ic1 to ,r5aissance1 is cle>ly noticeable 9 ! woodwork ( _m ca!drals & *ur*es 9 ,engl& & 9 cont95tal cities4 ,x is evid5t t ! *airs1 /alls1 & pulpits 9 _m ( ^! build+s h be5 execut$ at diff]5t times1 & ! *ange f "o /yle to ano!r is m or less m>k$4 ,! ,flemi% buffet illu/rat$ 7opposite page #dd7 is an example ( ?is transition1 & may be contra/$ ) ! ,fr5* ,go?ic buffet illu/rat$ on page #dc1 & ref]r$ to on page #dd4 ,!re is also 9 ! c5tral hall ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a pla/] ca/ ( a c>v$ wood alt> /all 9 ! ,abbey ( ,sa9t ,d5is1 ,france3 ! pila/]s at ! sides h ! famili> ,go?ic p9nacles1 :ile ! panels are ornam5t$ ) arabesques1 scrolls1 & an int]ior 9 ! ,r5aissance /yle2 ! date ( ?is is late 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,engli% ,,oak ,,buffet1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 7,drawn f ! orig9al 9 ! possession ( ,seym\r ,lucas1 ,esq41 ,r4,a47 ,engli% examples ( ?is p]iod are v sc>ce1 & ! buffet illu/rat$ "h is a fav\rable specim5 ( our national "w late 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,:ile ! crockett$ enri*m5t 9 ! brackets %ews ! ,go?ic ta/e1 !re are m\ld+s & "s flut+s 9 ! upp] "p :i* m>k ! t5d5cy to adopt classic ornam5t1 :i* came 9 at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 probably made = "o ( our old abbeys1 b ,mr4 ,seym\r ,lucas1 ,r4,a41 to :om x belongs1 & f ^: draw+ ! illu/ration is made1 says x 0 = a long "t at ,fre5es ,c\rt1 ,sutton1 ! anci5t seat ( ,sir ,h5ry ,l+]4 ,! buffet on page #dc is an excell5t example ( ! be/ fifte5? c5tury ,fr5* ,go?ic oak "w1 & ! woodcut %ews ! arrangem5t ( gold & silv] plate on ! :ite l95 clo? ) embroid]$ ends1 9 use at ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flemi% ,,buffet ,( ,c>v$ ,oak2 op5 bel[1 ) panell$ cupbo>ds above4 ,! back evid5tly ( lat] "w1 aft] ! ,r5aissance _h set 94 7,f a ,photo by ,messrs4 ,r4 ,sutton ,co4 f ! ,orig9al 9 ! ,s4 ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,,p]iod3 ,,go?ic ,,to ,,r5aissance1 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,tape/ri$ ,,room ,,9 ,a ,,fr5* ,,*ateau4 ,) ,oak ,*e/s z ,seats4 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,seat4 ,) movable ,backre/1 9 front ( ,fireplace4 ,,p]iod3 ,,late ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,,fr5*4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at a p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( furniture :i* is confus$1 & difficult to arrange & classify4 ,f ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury to ! ,r5aissance is a "t ( transition1 & specim5s may be easily mi/ak5 z be+ ( an e>li] or lat] date ?an !y really are4 ,m4 ,jacquem>t notices ?is gap1 ?\gh he fixes its duration f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury1 & he quotes z an in/ance ( ! indecision :i* *>act]is$ ?is int]val1 t work]s 9 furniture 7 describ$ 9 diff]5t t]ms2 ! words c(f] mak]1 c>p5t]1 & hu*i] 7trunk-mak]7 frequ5tly occurr+ to describe ! same class ( artisan4 ,x is only lat] t ! ^w m5uisi]1 or jo9]1 appe>s1 & we mu/ ent] ^u ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance be=e we f9d ! t]m cab9et mak]1 & lat] /ill1 aft] ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 we h su* ma/]s ( _! craft z ,ries5] describ$ z b5i/es1 ! ^w be+ d]iv$ f ebony1 :i*1 ) o!r ea/]n woods1 came into use aft] ! ,dut* settlem5t 9 ,ceylon4 ,jacquem>t also notices ! fact t z e>ly z #acfj we h record ( a speciali/1 ,jehan ,petrot1 z a *essbo>d mak]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,an ,,apo!c>y',s ,,%op4 ,late ,,xiv4 or ,e>ly ,,xv4 ,c5tury4 ,flemi%4 7,f an ,old ,pa9t+47 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,a ,,fr5* ,,*ateau ,,%ew+ ,,furniture ,,( ,,! ,,"t4 ,,p]iod3 ,,late ,,xiv4 ,,or ,,e>ly ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,ladies ,,( ,,que5 ,,anne ,,( ,,brittany4 7,f a ,m9iature 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg47 ,repres5t+ ! ,que5 weep+ on acc\nt ( h] ,husb&'s abs5ce dur+ ! ,italian ,w>4 ,,p]iod3 ,,xv4 ,,c5tury4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #c3 ,^? :o w\ld read a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ?is /one are ref]r$ to ! late ,dean ,/anley's ,hi/orical ,memorials ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,footnote #d3 ,! s\s1 :i* 0 b nom9al money1 may be reckon$ z repres5t+ #bj francs1 ! d5i] #a franc1 b all[ance mu/ be made = ! enorm\s diff]5ce 9 ! value ( silv]1 :i* w\ld make #bj francs 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury repres5t upw>ds ( #bjj francs 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,r5aissance4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,italy3 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,raffaelle--,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 contempor>y great arti/s--,! ,italian ,palazzo--,me?ods ( gild+1 inlay+ & m\nt+ ,furniture--,pietra-dura & o!r enri*m5ts--,rusk9's criticism4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,france3 ,franois ,i4 & ! ,*ateau ( ,fonta9ebleau--,influ5ce on ,c\rti]s--,*airs ( ! "t--,design ( ,cab9ets--,m4 ,e4 ,bonnaff on ,! ,r5aissance--,b$/ead ( ,jeanne d',albret--,det]ioration ( ta/e 9 "t ( ,h5ry ,,iv4--,l\is ,,xiii4 ,furniture--,brittany woodwork4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,! ,,ne!rl&s3 ,influ5ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy on ,art--,! ,*imney-piece at ,bruges1 & o!r ca/s ( specim5s at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,spa93 ,! res\rces ( ,spa9 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies--,influ5ce ( ,s>ac5ic ,art1 high-back$ lea!r *airs1 ! ,c>?usian ,conv5t at ,granada4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,g]many3 ,albre*t ,dr]--,fam\s ,/eel ,*air ( ,augsburg--,g]man sev5te5? c5tury c>v+ 9 ,/4 ,savi\r's ,hospital4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,influ5ce ( ,=eign ,arti/s 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii4--,end ( ,feudalism--,hampton ,c\rt ,palace--,l95 ,patt]n ,panels--,woodwork 9 ! ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,*apel at ,we/m9/] ,abbey--,liv]y ,cupbo>ds at ,h5grave--,h>rison quot$--,! p>l]1 alt]ation 9 ,engli% cu/oms--,*airs ( ! sixte5? c5tury--,cov]+s & ,cu%ions ( ! "t1 extract f old inv5tory--,s\? ,k5s+ton cab9et--,elizabe?an ,mirror at ,goodri* ,c\rt--,%aw's ,anci5t ,furniture--,! ,gla/onbury ,*air--,introductions ( ,frames into ,engl&--,*>act]i/ics ( ,native ,woodwork--,fam\s ,c\ntry ,mansions1 alt]ation 9 design ( ,woodwork & ,furniture--,panell$ ,rooms at ,s\? ,k5s+ton--,! ,*>t]h\se--,gray's ,inn ,hall & ,middle ,temple--,! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company--,! ,great ,b$ ( ,w>e--,%akespe>e's ,*air--,p5hur/ ,place4 ,x is impossible to write ab\t ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance )\t grave misgiv+s z to ! ability to r5d] ju/ice to a p]iod :i* has employ$ ! p5s ( _m cultivat$ writ]s1 & to :i* :ole volumes1 innum]able1 h be5 devot$4 ,)9 ! limit$ space ( a s+le *apt] all t c be attempt$ is a brief glance at ! influ5ce on design by :i* furniture & woodwork 7 affect$4 ,p]haps ! simple/ way ( und]/&+ ! *anges :i* occurr$1 fir/ 9 ,italy1 & subsequ5tly 9 o!r c\ntries1 is to divide ! *apt] on ?is p]iod into a s]ies ( %ort notes arrang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ,italian influ5ce w\ld seem to h affect$ ! design]s & craftsm5 ( sev]al ,european nations4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury !re appe>s to h be5 an almo/ univ]sal rage = classical lit]ature1 & we believe "s attempt 0 made to introduce ,lat9 z a univ]sal language2 x is c]ta9 t ,italian ,art 0 adopt$ by nation aft] nation1 & a well-kn[n writ] on ar*itecture 7,mr4 ,p>k]7 has obs]v$3 ,x 0 n until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury t ! national /yles ( ! diff]5t c\ntries ( ,mod]n ,europe 7 reviv$4 ,z we look back ^u ! hi/ory ( ,art1 assi/$ by ! num]\s examples 9 our ,museums1 "o is /ruck by ! want ( novelty 9 ! imag9ation ( mank9d4 ,! glori\s antique has always be5 our classic /&>d1 & x seems only to h be5 a "q ( "t z to :5 & h[ a return 0 made to ! old designs ( ! ,greek arti/s1 !n to w&] f !m a:ile1 & aga9 to return :5 ! _w1 we>y ( ov]-abundance ( ornam5t1 long$ = ! repose ( simpl] l9es on ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n$ ! ,a!nian arti/s ( old4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,italy4 ,italy 0 ! bir?place ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,raffaelle may be said to h guid$1 or l$1 ! natural arti/ic in/9cts ( _! c\ntrym5 to disc>d ! ,byzant9e-,go?ic :i*1 z ,m4 ,bonnaff has said1 0 adopt$ by ! ,italians n z a p]man5t in/itution1 b faute de mieux z a pass+ fa%ion4 ,x is difficult to say ) any c]ta9ty :5 ! fir/ comm5cem5t ( a new era actually takes place1 b !re is an incid5t relat$ 9 ,mi*ael ,bryan's biographical notice ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci :i* gives u an approximate date4 ,ludovico ,s=za1 ,duke ( ,milan1 _h appo9t$ ?is great ma/] ,director ( ,pa9t+ & ,ar*itecture 9 8 academy 9 #adid1 &1 says ,bryan1 :o obta9$ 8 in=mation f contempor>y writ]s1 ,leon>do no soon] ent]$ on 8 (fice1 ?an he bani%$ all ! ,go?ic pr9ciples e/abli%$ by 8 pr$ecessor1 ,mi*ael9o1 & introduc$ ! beautiful simplicity & purity ( ! ,grecian & ,roman /yles4 ,a few ye>s aft] ?is date1 ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 comm5c$ to build ! pres5t magnific5t ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 design$ by ,bramante d',urb9o1 k9sman & fri5d ( ,raffaelle1 to ^: sup]9t5d5ce ,pope ,leo ,x4 confid$ ! "w on ! dea? ( ! ar*itect 9 #aead4 ,mi*ael ,angelo _h ! *>ge committ$ to him "s ye>s aft] ,raffaelle's dea?4 ,^! dates give u a v fair idea ( ! "t at :i* ?is important revolution 9 ta/e 0 tak+ place 9 ,italy1 at ! end ( ! fifte5? & ! comm5cem5t ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 & c>v$ woodwork foll[$ ! new direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reproduction ,,( ,,decoration ,,by ,,raffaelle4 ,9 ! ,loggie ( ! ,vatican4 ,,p]iod3 ,,italian ,,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salon ,,( ,m4 ,,edmond ,,bonnaffe4 ,,decorat$ ,,& ,,furni%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,/yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,room4 ,reproduc$ f ! ,magaz9e ( ,art4 7,by ,p]mission47 ,leo ,x4 0 ,pope 9 #aeac4 ,! p]iod ( peace :i* !n ensu$ aft] w>1 :i* = s _m decades _h di/urb$ ,italy1 z ,france or ,g]many _h 9 turn /riv5 to acquire h] f]tile soil1 gave ! pr9ces & nobles leisure to rebuild & adorn _! palaces2 & ! excavations :i* 7 !n made1 br\ght to light _m ( ! ,works ( ,art :i* _h rema9$ buri$ s9ce ! "t :5 ,rome 0 mi/ress ( ! _w4 ,leo ,x4 0 a memb] ( t rem>kable & p[]ful family ! ,m$icis1 ! v m5tion ( :i* is to sugge/ ! ,r5aissance1 & "u 8 patronage1 & ) ! co-op]ation ( ! reign+ dukes & pr9ces ( ! diff]5t ,italian /ates1 arti/s 7 giv5 enc\ragem5t & scope = ! employm5t ( _! tal5ts4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,titian1 ,raffaelle ,sanzio1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,correggio1 & _m o!r great arti/s 7 rais+ up monum5ts ( ev]la/+ fame2 ,palladio 0 re-build+ ! palaces ( ,italy1 :i* 7 !n ! wond] ( ! _w2 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i & ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti 7 design+ ^? m>vell\s *efs d'uvre 9 gold1 silv]1 & bronze :i* are n[ s r>e2 & a ho/ ( illu/ri\s arti/s 7 produc+ "w :i* has made ! sixte5? c5tury fam\s = all "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut4 ,f\nd 9 ! h\se ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! circum/ances ( ! ,italian noble caus$ him to be v am5able to ,art influ5ce4 ,liv+ *iefly out ( doors1 8 climate r5d]$ him less dep5d5t on ! com=ts ( small rooms1 to :i* m nor!rn p 7 atta*$1 & 8 ideas w\ld naturally incl9e t[>ds pomp & elegance1 r ?an to home life & utility4 ,in/ead ( ! w>m *imney corn] & ! com=table seat1 he pref]r$ furniture ( a m palatial "* = ! adornm5t ( ! l(ty & spaci\s saloons ( 8 palace1 & !re=e we f9d ! buffet elaborately c>v$ ) a free treatm5t ( ! classic antique :i* m>ks ! "t2 x 0 frequ5tly g>ni%$ ) ! beautiful majolica ( ,urb9o1 ( ,pes>o1 & ( ,gubbio4 ,! s>cophagus1 or cassone1 ( oak1 or m commonly ( *e/nut or walnut1 sometimes pa9t$ & gild$1 sometimes c>v$ ) scrolls & figures2 ! cab9et design$ ) ar*itectural outl9e1 & fitt$ up inside ) /eps & pill>s l a temple2 *airs :i* are wond]ful to look ^u z gu>dians ( a /ately doorway1 b un9vit+ z seats2 tables inlaid1 gild$1 & c>v$1 ) slabs ( m>ble or ( ,flor5t9e mosaic "w1 b :i* f _! height are z a rule impossible to use = any dome/ic purpose2 mirrors ) ri*ly c>v$ & gild$ frames3 ^! are all s _m evid5ces ( a /yle :i* is palatial r ?an dome/ic1 9 design z 9 proportion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5etian ,,c5tre ,,table1 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt4 7,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! walls ( ^! h&some saloons or gall]ies 7 hung ) ri* velvet ( ,g5oese manufacture1 ) /amp$ & gilt lea!r1 & a composition ornam5t 0 also appli$ to woodwork1 & !n gild$ & pa9t$1 a k9d ( decoration t]m$ gesso "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f] ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut4 7,collection ( ,comte de ,briges74 ,,p]iod3 ,,r5aissance 7,,xvi4 ,,c5tury7 ,,v5etian4 ,a ri* effect 0 produc$ on ! c>v$ console tables1 *airs1 /ools & frames int5d$ = gild+1 by ! me?od employ$ by ! ,v5etian & ,flor5t9e craftsm51 ! gold leaf be+ laid on a r$ prep>ation1 & !n ! *ief portions highly burni%$4 ,!re are 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum sev]al specim5s ( su* "w1 & n[ t "t & we> h caus$ ?is r$ gr\ndwork to %ew ?r\gh ! fad$ gold1 ! h>mony ( color is v satisfactory4 ,o!r examples ( fifte5? c5tury ,italian c>v+1 su* z ! old ,cassone fronts1 are pick$ out ) gold1 ! rema9d] ( ! "w display+ ! ri* w>m color ( ! walnut or *e/nut wood1 ei!r ( :i* 0 mo/ inv>iably us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>riage ,,c(f]4 ,c>v$ & ,gilt1 ) ,pa9t$ ,subject4 ,,italian4 ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pair ,,( ,,italian ,,c>v$ ,,bell[s1 ,,9 ,,walnut ,,wood4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 on o!r draw+s ,( ! small] articles ( furniture1 ! bell[s & wall brackets ( ?is p]iod des]ve m5tion2 ! c>v+ ( ^! is v c>efully f9i%$1 & is frequ5tly v elaborate4 ,! illu/ration on page #ea is t ( a pair bell[s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,collection4 ,9 ! fam\s ,magniac ,collection1 :i* 0 sold 9 ,july1 #ahib1 a pair ( v f9ely c>v$ ,v5etian bell[s ( ?is description realis$ ! high price ( #dee gu9eas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,italian ,,mirror ,,frame1 #af,,? ,,c5tury4 7,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! enri*m5t ( woodwork1 by means ( inlay+1 des]ves m5tion4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,anci5t ,furniture we h se5 t ivory 0 us$ z an inlaid ornam5t z e>ly z six c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 b its revival & developm5t 9 ,europe probably comm5c$ 9 ,v5ice ab\t ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 copies ( geometrical designs1 let into ebony & br[n walnut1 & into a wood some?+ l rosewood2 p>ts ( boxes & *e/s ( ^! mat]ials are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,maskell tells u 9 8 ,h&book on ,ivories1 t probably ow+ to ! difficulty ( procur+ ivory 9 ,italy1 bone ( f9e quality 0 frequ5tly us$ 9 its place4 ,all ?is class ( "w 0 kn[n z ,t>sia1 ,int>sia1 or ,c]tos9a1 a ^w suppos$ to be d]iv$ f ! "n ( ! well-kn[n religi\s community--! ,c>?usians--on acc\nt ( ! dext]ity ( ^? monks at ?is "w4#e ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,c(fre-,,=t4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 mak]s ( ornam5tal furniture began to copy m>ble mosaic "w1 by mak+ simil> patt]ns ( diff]5t woods1 & subsequ5tly ?is bran* ( indu/rial ,art develop$ f su* mode/ beg9n+s z ! simple patt]n ( a />1 or b&+s ( diff]5t k9ds ( wood 9 ! panel ( a door1 to elaborate picture mak+1 9 :i* l&scapes1 views ( *ur*es1 h\ses1 & picturesque ru9s 7 copi$1 figures & animals be+ also introduc$4 ,?is "w 0 naturally facilitat$ & enc\rag$ by increas+ comm]ce betwe5 diff]5t nations1 :i* r5d]$ available a great] v>iety ( woods4 ,9 "s ( ! e>ly ,italian int>sia ! decoration 0 cut into ! surface ( ! panel1 piece by piece4 ,z arti/s became m skilful1 v5e]s 7 appli$1 & ! effect 0 height5$ by burn+ ) hot s& ! p>ts requir+ %ad+2 & ! l9es caus$ by ! ?ickness ( ! sawcuts 7 fill$ 9 ) black wood or /a9$ glue1 to def9e ! design m cle>ly4 ,! m\nt+ ( articles ( furniture ) metal enri*m5ts d\btless orig9at$ 9 ! iron corn] pieces & h+e plates :i* 7 us$ to /r5g!n ! old *e/s1 ( :i* m5tion has be5 already made1 & z ! artific]s began to r5d] _! productions decorative z well z useful1 :at m natural progress ?an t ! iron corn]s1 b&+s1 or fa/5+s1 %\ld be ( ornam5tal =g$ or engrav$ iron4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 metal work]s rea*$ a po9t ( excell5ce :i* has nev] be5 surpass$1 & ^? m>vels ( m\nt+s 9 /eel1 iron & brass 7 produc$ 9 ,italy & ,g]many1 :i* are f> m important z works ( ,art ?an ! pla9 & unpret5d+ productions ( ! c(f] mak]1 :i* are _! raison d'etre4 ,! woodcut on p4 #ec repres5ts a v good example ( a ,c(fre-=t 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,collection4 ,! decoration is bitt5 9 ) acids s z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( its be+ damasc5$1 & ! complicat$ lock1 %ewn on ! inside ( ! lid1 is *>act]i/ic ( ^? safegu>ds = valuable docum5ts at a "t :5 ! mod]n burgl>-pro( safe _h n be5 inv5t$4 ,! illu/ration on ! foll[+ page is f an example 9 ! same ,museum1 %ew+ a diff]5t decoration1 ! oval plaques ( figures & coats ( arms be+ ( c>v$ ivory let into ! surface ( ! c(f]4 ,?is is an e>ly specim51 & belongs z mu* to ! p]iod treat$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] z to t n[ "u consid]ation4 ,pietra-dur1 z an ornam5t1 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,italy dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury & became a fa%ion4 ,?is 0 an inlay ( highly-poli%$ r>e m>bles1 agates1 h>d pebbles1 lapis lazuli1 & o!r /ones2 ivory 0 also c>v$ & appli$ z a bas-relief1 z well z inlaid 9 arabesques ( ! mo/ elaborate designs2 tortoise-%ell1 brass1 "m-(-pe>l1 & o!r co/ly mat]ials1 7 introduc$1 z enri*m5ts 9 ! decoration ( cab9ets & ( caskets4 ,silv] plaques emboss$ & engrav$ 7 press$ into ! s]vice z ! native pr9ces ( ,flor5ce1 ,urb9o1 ,f]r>a1 & o!r indep5d5t cities vi$ ) ,rome1 ,v5ice1 & ,naples 9 sumptu\sness ( ornam5t1 & lavi%ness ( exp5se1 until ! inevitable p]iod ( decl9e sup]v5$ 9 :i* exagg]ation ( ornam5t & prodigality ( decoration gave ! eye no repose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,c(f] ,,) ,,m$allions ,,( ,,ivory4 #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,edmond ,bonnaff1 contra/+ ! latt] p]iod ( ,italian ,r5aissance ) t ( sixte5? c5tury ,fr5* woodwork1 has pi?ily rem>k$3 ,*ez eux1 l'art du bois consi/e le dissimul] *ez n\s le fair valoir4 ,mr4 ,rusk91 9 8 ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 alludes to ?is ov]-ornam5tation ( ! lat] ,r5aissance 9 sev]e t]ms4 ,aft] describ+ ! progress ( ,art 9 ,v5ice f ,byzant9e to ,go?ic1 & f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance1 he sub-divides ! latt] p]iod into ?ree classes3--#a4 ,r5aissance graft$ on ,byzant9e4 #b4 ,r5aissance graft$ on ,go?ic4 #c4 ,r5aissance graft$ on ,r5aissance2 & ?is la/ ! vet]an ,art critic calls d\ble d>kness1 "o ( 8 *>act]i/ic t]ms ( condemnation :i* _m ( u _c foll[1 b ! _s ( :i* we c appreciate4 ,speak+ g5]ally ( ! "* ( ornam5t1 we f9d t :]eas 9 ! furniture ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! subjects = c>v+ 7 tak5 f ! lives ( ! sa9ts or f metrical romance1 ! ,r5aissance c>v]s illu/rat$ sc5es f classical my?ology & allegories1 su* z repres5tations ( ! elem5ts1 seasons1 mon?s1 ! c>d9al virtues1 or ! battle sc5es & triumphal processions ( e>li] times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,wood ,,italian ,,*airs4 #af,,? ,,c5tury4 7,f ,draw+s ( ! ,orig9als 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,ebony ,,cab9et4 ,) m>ble mosaics1 & bronze gilt ornam5ts1 ,flor5t9e "w4 ,,p]iod3 ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,! outl9es & g5]al designs ( ! e>li] ,r5aissance cab9ets 7 app>5tly sugge/$ by ! old ,roman triumphal ar*es & s>cophagi2 aft]w>ds ^! 7 modifi$ & became v>i$1 elegant & graceful1 b latt]ly z ! p]iod ( decl9e 0 m>k$1 ! outl9es1 z %ewn 9 ! two *airs on ! prec$+ page1 became confus$ & dissipat$ by ov]-decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5etian ,,/ate ,,*air4 ,c>v$ & ,gilt ,frame1 uphol/]$ ) ,embroid]$ ,velvet4 ,date ab\t #afgj4 7,9 ! possession ( ,h4,m4 ! ,k+ at ,w9dsor ,ca/le47 ,! illu/rations giv5 ( specim5s ( furniture ( ,italian ,r5aissance r5d] l5g?y descriptions unnecess>y4 ,s f> z x has be5 possible to d s1 a selection has be5 made to repres5t ! diff]5t classes ( "w1 & z !re are 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum num]\s examples ( cassone fronts1 panels1 *airs1 & cab9ets :i* c be exam9$1 x is easy to =m an idea ( ! decorative woodwork made 9 ,italy dur+ ! p]iod we h be5 consid]+4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,france4 ,f ,italy ! great revival ( indu/rial ,art travell$ to ,france4 ,*>les ,,viii41 :o = two ye>s _h held ,naples 7#adid-if71 br\ght among o!r arti/s f ,italy1 ,b]nad9o de ,brescia & ,dom5ico de ,cortona2 & ,art1 :i* at ?is "t 0 9 a feeble1 langui%+ /ate 9 ,france1 began to revive4 ,francis ,i4 employ$ an ,italian ar*itect to build ! *ateau ( ,fonta9ebleau1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 b an old-fa%ion$ hunt+-box 9 ! middle ( ! =e/1 & ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,&rea del ,s>to came f ,flor5ce to decorate ! int]ior4 ,guilio ,romano1 :o _h assi/$ ,raffaelle to pa9t ! loggie ( ! ,vatican1 ex]cis$ an influ5ce 9 ,france1 :i* 0 transmitt$ by 8 pupils = g5]ations4 ,! m>riage ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 ) ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici increas$ ! influ5ce ( ,italian ,art1 & ! subsequ5t union ( ,m>ie de ,m$ici ) ,h5ri ,quatre cont9u$ t influ5ce4 ,diane de ,poicti]s1 mi/ress ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 0 ! patroness ( arti/s2 & ,fonta9ebleau has be5 well said to reflect ! glories ( gay & spl5d\r lov+ k+s1 f ,franois ,premi] to ,h5ri ,quatre4 ,besides ,fonta9ebleau1 ,francis ,i4 built ! ,*ateau ( ,*ambord1#f t ( ,*5onceaux on ! ,loire1 ! ,*ateau de ,madrid1 & o!rs1 & comm5c$ ! ,l\vre4 ,foll[+ _! ,k+'s example1 ! m weal?y ( 8 subjects rebuilt or alt]$ _! *ateaux & hotels1 decorat$ !m 9 ! ,italian /yle1 & furni%$ !m ) cab9ets1 *airs1 c(f]s1 armoires1 tables1 & v>i\s o!r articles1 design$ aft] ! ,italian models4 ,! "* ( ! woodwork naturally accompani$ ! design ( ! build+4 ,fireplaces1 :i* until ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury _h be5 ( /one1 7 n[ made ( oak1 ri*ly c>v$ & ornam5t$ ) ! armorial be>+s ( ! seigneur4 ,! ,prie dieu *air1 :i* ,viollet le ,duc tells u came into use 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 n[ made l>g] & m ornate1 9 "s cases becom+ :at might almo/ be t]m$ a small oratory1 ! back be+ c>v$ 9 ! =m ( an alt>1 & ! utmo/ c>e lavi%$ on ! "w4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ,france1 until ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re 7 no b5*es or seats 9 ! *ur*es1 & !re=e1 pray]s 7 said by ! ari/ocracy 9 ! private *apel ( ! *ateau1 & by ! middle classes 9 ! *ief room ( ! h\se4 ,! l>ge high-back$ *air ( ! sixte5? c5tury *aire haut dossi]1 ! arm *air *aire bras1 *aire t\rnante1 = dome/ic use1 are all ( ?is "t1 & "s illu/rations w %ew ! highly f9i%$ c>v$ "w ( ,r5aissance /yle :i* prevail$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5tal ,,panell+ ,,9 ,,/4 ,,v9c5t',s ,,*ur*1 ,,r\54 ,,p]iod3 ,,e>ly ,,fr5* ,,r5aissance4 ,,temp4 ,,fran,,ois ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imney ,,piece4 ,9 ! ,gall]y ( ,h5ri ,,ii41 ,*ateau ( ,fonta9ebleau4 ,,p]iod3 ,,fr5* ,,r5aissance1 ,,e>ly ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury4 ,besides ! *aire1 :i* 0 res]v$ = ! seigneur1 !re 7 small] & m conv5i5t /ools1 ! ,illu/ration =m supports ( :i* 7 also c>v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,panel1 ,,dat$ #aegg4 ,cab9ets 7 made ) an upp] & l[] "p2 sometimes ! latt] 0 9 ! =m ( a /& ) c>yatides figures l ! fam\s cab9et 9 ! ,*ateau ,fonta9ebleau1 a vignette ( :i* =ms ! initial lett] ( ?is *apt]2 or 7 enclos$ by doors g5]ally decorat$ ) c>v+1 ! upp] "p hav+ ri*ly c>v$ panels1 :i* :5 op5$ disclos$ draw]s ) fronts m9utely c>v$4 ,m4 ,edmond ,bonnaff1 9 8 "w on ! sixte5? c5tury furniture ( ,france1 gives no less ?an #abj illu/rations ( tables1 c(fres1 armoires1 dressoirs1 sieges1 et bancs1 manufactur$ at ,orleans1 ,anj\1 ,ma9e1 ,t\ra9e1 ,le ,b]ri1 ,lorra9e1 ,burgundy1 ,lyons1 ,prov5ce1 ,auv]gne1 ,langu$oc1 & o!r t[ns & di/ricts1 besides ! ,capital1 :i* excell$ 9 ! reputation ( h] m5uisi]s1 c]ta9 articles ( furniture be+ p>ticul>is$ 9 old docum5ts z fait a ,p>is4 ,he also m5tions t ,francis ,i4 pref]r$ to employ native workm51 & t ! ,italians 7 reta9$ only to furni% ! designs & lead ! new /yle2 & 9 giv+ ! names ( ! mo/ not$ ,fr5* cab9et mak]s & c>v]s ( ?is "t1 he adds t ,jacques ,l>dant & ,mi*el ,b\rd9 receiv$ no less ?an #ae1gjj livres = a numb] ( buffets de salles1 tables g>nies de leur trteaux1 *&eli]s de bois1 & o!r articles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fac ,,similes ,,( ,,engrav+s ,,on ,,wood4 ,by ,j4 ,amman1 9 ! #af? c5tury1 %ew+ int]iors ( ,work%ops ( ! p]iod4 ,! b$/ead1 ( :i* !re is an illu/ration on ! opposite page1 is a good repres5tation ( ,fr5* ,r5aissance4 ,x =m$ "p ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,*ateau ( ,pau1 & belong$ to ,jeanne d',albret1 "m ( ,h5ri ,quatre1 :o 0 born at ,pau 9 #aeec4 ,! b$/ead is ( oak1 & by "t has acquir$ a ri* w>m t9t1 ! details ( ! c>v+ rema9+ %>p & cle>4 ,on ! l[] cornice m\ld+1 ! date #aefb is c>v$4 ,?is1 l o!r furniture & cont5ts ( ,palaces 9 ,france1 =ms "p ( ! ,/ate or ,national ,collection1 ( :i* !re are excell5t illu/rations & descriptions 9 ,m4 ,williamson's ,mobili] ,national a valuable contribution to ! lit]ature ( ?is subject :i* %\ld be consult$4 ,ano!r example ( f\r-po/ b$/eads ( ,fr5* sixte5? c5tury "w is t ( ! "o 9 ! ,cluny ,museum1 :i* is probably "s ye>s lat] ?an ! "o at ,pau1 & 9 ! c>v$ memb]s ( ! two l[] po/s m resembles our ,engli% ,elizabe?an "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,b$/ead ,,( ,,jeanne ,d',,albret4 ,f ! ,*ateau ( ,pau4 7,collection ,mobili] ,national47 ,,p]iod3 ,,fr5* ,,r5aissance 7,date #aefb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,cab9et4 ,9 ! ,muse du ,l\vre4 7,collection ,sauvageot47 ,,p]iod3 ,,e>ly ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury4 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,b\ssod ,valadon et ,cie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,cab9et4 ,made at ,lyons4 ,,p]iod3 ,,latt] ,,"p ,,( ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury4 ,an important collection ( c>v$ furniture ( ,fr5* ,r5aissance 0 exhibit$ 9 l'exposition rtrospective de ,lyon1 held 9 t city 9 #ahgg1 & ,m4 ,j4 ,b4 ,giraud1 cons]vateur ( ! ,ar*ological ,museums ( ,lyons1 has reproduc$ "s fifty ( ! m important specim5s 9 8 valuable "w1#g publi%$ 9 #ahhj1 giv+ ! "n ( ! l5d] ( ea* example & o!r details4 ,! ,lyons cab9et1 ( :i* !re is an illu/ration1 foll[+ p4 #fj1 is "o ( ^!1 & is 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,ayn>d4 ,! ,spitz] ,collection1 sold 9 ,p>is 9 #ahic1 conta9$ sev]al f9e examples ( ,fr5* ,r5aissance oak furniture1 :i* realis$ l>ge prices4 ,t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! reign ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 ! /yle ( decorative ,art 9 ,france became debas$ & inconsi/5t4 ,con/ruction & ornam5tation 7 guid$ by no pr9ciple1 b foll[$ ! caprice ( ! individual4 ,mean+less pila/]s1 entablatures1 & contort$ cornices replac$ ! simpl] outl9e & subord9ate enri*m5t ( ! "t ( ,h5ri ,,ii41 & until ! great revival ( ta/e "u ! gr& mon>que1 !re 0 9 ,france a p]iod ( ri*ly ornam5t$ b ill-design$ decorative furniture4 ,an example ( ?is c be se5 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 a pla/] ca/ ( a l>ge *imney piece f ! ,*ateau ( ! ,seigneur de ,vill]oy1 ne> ,m5ecy1 by ,g]man ,pillon1 :o di$ 9 #aeij4 ,9 ?is ! fail+s m5tion$ above w be readily recogniz$1 & also 9 ano!r example1 namely1 t ( a c>v$ oak door f ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,macl\1 ,r\51 by ,jean ,g\jon1 9 :i* ! "w is v f9e1 b some:at ov]done ) enri*m5t4 ,dur+ ! ,l\is ,trieze p]iod1 *airs became m com=table ?an ^? ( an e>li] "t4 ,! ^w *aise z a dim9utive ( *aire f\nd its way into ! ,fr5* vocabul>y to d5ote ! less ?rone-l seat :i* 0 9 m ord9>y use1 &1 in/ead ( be+ at ?is p]iod entirely c>v$1 x 0 uphol/]$ 9 velvet1 tape/ry1 or ne$lework2 ! frame 0 cov]$1 & only ! legs & arms 7 visible & slightly c>v$4 ,9 ! illu/ration on p4 #fb1 ! ,k+ & 8 c\rti]s are seat$ on *airs su* z h be5 describ$4 ,m>quet]ie 0 m common2 l>ge armoires1 *e/s ( draw]s & knee-hole writ+ tables 7 cov]$ ) an inlay ( vases ( fl[]s & birds1 ( a br[ni% wood1 ) enri*m5ts ( bone & ivory1 ins]t$ 9 a black gr\nd ( /a9$ wood1 v mu* l ! ,dut* inlaid furniture ( "s ye>s lat]1 b ) less color 9 ! v>i\s v5e]s ?an is f\nd 9 ! ,dut* "w4 ,mirrors became l>g]1 ! decoration ( rooms _h ornam5tal friezes ) l[] portions ( ! walls panell$1 & ! b$rooms ( ladies ( position began to be m luxuri\sly furni%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,& ,,8 ,,c\rt ,,9 ,a ,,hall ,,witness+ ,a ,,play4 7,f a ,m9iature dat$ #afdc47 ,x is some:at s+ul> t :ile ,norm&y v quickly adopt$ ! new designs 9 h] build+s & h] furniture1 & ,r\5 c>v]s & jo9]s became fam\s = _! "w1 ! neighb\r+ prov9ce1 ,brittany1 0 cons]vative ( h] e>li] designs4 ,! /urdy ,breton has ?r\gh all *anges ( /yle pres]v$ mu* ( ! ru/ic qua9tness ( 8 furniture1 & :5 "s ye>s ago ! writ] 0 /r&$ 9 a sail+ trip up ! ,rance1 ow+ to ! %all[ /ate ( ! riv]1 & _h an opportunity ( visit+ "s ( ! f>m h\ses 9 ! c\ntry di/rict a few miles f ,d9an1 !re 7 /ill to be se5 _m examples ( ?is qua9t ru/ic furniture4 ,curi\s b$s1 consi/+ ( %elves = p>5ts & *ildr51 =m a cupbo>d 9 ! wall & are %ut 91 dur+ ! day1 by a pair ( lattice doors ( ,moori% design1 ) ! :eel patt]n & sp9dle p]=ations4 ,^!1 ) ! armoire ( simil> design1 & ! hu*e or *e/ ) relief c>v+1 ( a design "p ,moori%1 "p ,byzant9e1 us$ z a /ep to m\nt to ! b$ & also z a table1 are /ill ! g>niture ( a good f>m h\se 9 ,brittany4 ,illu/ration3 ,,decoration ,,= ,a ,,salon ,,9 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,/yle4 ,! e>lie/ date ( ?is qua9t furniture is ab\t ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & has be5 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son by ! m well-to-d f>m]s4 ,! manufacture ( armoires1 cupbo>ds1 tables1 & doors1 is /ill c>ri$ on ne> ,/4 ,malo1 :]e also "s ( ! old specim5s may be f\nd4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,! ,,ne!rl&s4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ! reign+ pr9ces ( ! great ,h\se ( ,burgundy _h prep>$ ! soil = ! ,r5aissance1 &1 by ! m>riage ( ,m>y ( ,burgundy ) ! ,ar*duke ,maximilian1 ! c\ntries :i* !n 7 call$ ,fl&]s & ,holl& pass$ "u ! ,au/rian rule4 ,?is influ5ce 0 cont9u$ by ! ta/e & lib]ality ( ,m>g>et ( ,au/ria1 :o1 be+ appo9t$ ,gov]nor ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 9 #aejg1 seems to h introduc$ ,italian arti/s & to h enc\rag$ native craftsm54 ,we are told t ,corneille ,floris introduc$ ,italian ornam5tation & grotesque bord]s2 t ,pi]re ,coe*1 ar*itect & pa9t]1 adopt$ & popul>is$ ! designs ( ,vitruvius & ,s]lio4 ,wood c>v]s multipli$ & embelli%$ *ur*es & palaces1 h\ses ( ,burgoma/]s1 ,t[n ,halls1 & resid5ces ( weal?y citiz5s4 ,oak1 at fir/ almo/ ! only wood us$1 became monoton\s1 & z a relief1 ebony & o!r r>e woods1 introduc$ by ! !n comm5c+ comm]ce ) ! ,indies1 7 made available = ! embelli%m5ts ( furniture & woodwork ( ?is "t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s examples ( ri* wood c>v+ is ! well kn[n hall & *imney piece at ,bruges ) its gr\p ( cupidons & armorial be>+s1 among/ an abundance ( floral detail4 ,?is ov] ornate *ef d'uvre 0 design$ by ,lancelot ,blondel & ,guyot de ,beauregrant1 & its c>v+ 0 ! comb9$ "w ( ?ree craftsm5 celebrat$ 9 _! day1 ,h]man ,glos5camp1 ,&r ,ra% & ,rog] de ,smet4 ,!re is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a full-siz$ pla/] ca/ ( ?is gigantic *imney piece1 ! l[] "p be+ color$ black to indicate ! m>ble ( :i* x 0 compos$1 ) panels ( alaba/] c>v$ 9 relief1 :ile ! :ole ( ! upp] portion ( ! ri*ly c>v$ ceil+ ( ! room is ( oak4 ,?is *imney piece is notewor?y1 n only arti/ically b hi/orically1 z be+ a monum5t 9 its way1 9 celebration ( ! victory ga9$ by ,*>les ,v4 ov] ,francis ,i4 ( ,france1 9 #aebi1 at ,pavia1 ! victori\s sov]eign be+ at ?is "t n only ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 b also enjoy+ among/ o!r titles ^? ( ,duke ( ,burgundy1 ,c\nt ( ,fl&]s1 ,k+ ( ,spa9 & ! ,indies1 etc41 etc4 ,! l>ge /atues ( ! ,emp]or1 ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 ) "s ?irty-sev5 h]aldic %ields ( ! diff]5t royal families ) :i* ! conqu]or claim$ connection1 are prom95t features 9 ! intricate & elaborate design4 ,!re is 9 ! same "p ( ! ,museum a ca/ ( ! oak door ( ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] ( ! ,hotel de ,ville at ,oud5>de1 ( a mu* less elaborate "*4 ,pla9 mullions divide sixte5 panels c>v$ 9 ! or?odox ,r5aissance /yle1 ) cupids be>+ tablets1 f :i* are dep5d+ floral scrolls1 & at ! sides ! supports are columns1 ) ! l[] p>ts c>v$ & /&+ on squ>e p$e/als4 ,! date ( ?is "w is #aecd1 some:at lat] ?an ! ,bruges c>v+1 & is a repres5tative specim5 ( ! ,flemi% "w ( ?is p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,ebony ,,armoire1 ,,ri*ly ,,c>v$4 ,,flemi% ,,r5aissance4 7,9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! clev] ,flemi% arti/ s ?or\ghly copi$ ! models ( 8 diff]5t ma/]s1 t x has become exce$+ly difficult to speak positively z to ! id5tity ( mu* ( ! woodwork1 & to di/+ui% x f ,g]man1 ,engli%1 or ,italian1 al?\gh z reg>ds ! latt] we h se5 t walnut wood 0 employ$ v g5]ally1 :]eas 9 ,fl&]s1 oak 0 ne>ly always us$ = figure "w4 ,aft] ! p]iod ( ! pur] =ms ( ! fir/ ,r5aissance1 ! be/ "t = c>v$ woodwork & decorative furniture 9 ! ,ne!rl&s 0 probably ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,flemi% design]s & craftsm5 _h ceas$ to copy ! ,italian patt]ns1 & _h e/abli%$ ! /yle :i* we recognise z ,flemi% ,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,b>b]',s ,,%op4 ,a ,,flemi% ,,work%op4 ,%[+ ,furniture ( ! "t4 7,f ,wood ,engrav+s by ,j ,amman4 #af? ,,c5tury47 ,lucas ,faydh]de1 ar*itect & sculptor 7#afag-afid7--^: boxwood gr\p ( ! dea? ( ,john ! ,bapti/ is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--bo? ! ,v]brugg5s1 & ,alb]t ,bruhl1 :o c>v$ ! *oir "w ( ,/4 ,giorgio ,maggiore 9 ,v5ice1 are among/ ! mo/ celebrat$ ,flemi% wood c>v]s ( ?is "t4 ,vri$man de ,vriesse & ,crisp9 de ,passe1 al?\gh !y work$ 9 ,france1 belong to ,fl&]s & to ! c5tury4 ,"s ( ! mo/ fam\s pa9t]s--,francis ,hals1 ,jorda5s1 ,rembr&t1 ,metsu1 ,van ,mi]is--all belong to ?is "t1 & 9 "s ( ! f9e int]iors repres5t$ by ^! ,old ,ma/]s1 9 :i* embroid]$ curta9s & ri* cov]+s relieve ! sombre colors ( ! d>k c>v$ oak furniture1 !re is a ri*ness ( effect :i* ! arti/ c\ld sc>cely h imag9$1 b :i* he mu/ h obs]v$ 9 ! h\ses ( ! ri* burgh]s ( prosp]\s ,fl&]s4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,jacobean furniture1 we %all see ! influ5ce & assi/ance :i* ,engl& ga9$ f ,flemi% woodwork]s2 & ! simil>ity ( ! treatm5t 9 bo? c\ntries w be notic$ 9 "s ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum specim5s ( ,engli% m>quet]ie1 made at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! figure "w 9 ,holl& has always be5 ( high ord]1 &1 al?\gh z ! sev5te5? c5tury advanc$1 ?is p]haps became less ref9$1 ! proportions h always be5 well pres]v$1 & ! attitudes are free & uncon/ra9$4 ,a v *>act]i/ic article ( sev5te5? c5tury ,dut* furniture is ! l>ge & massive w>drobe1 ) ! doors h&somely c>v$1 n infrequ5tly hav+ ?ree columns1 "o 9 ! c5tre & "o at ea* side1 g5]ally =m+ "p ( ! doors1 :i* are also enri*$ ) squ>e panels1 c>v$ 9 ! c5tre & f9i%$ ) m\ld+s4 ,!re are specim5s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ( ^!1 & also ( "s ( e>li] ,flemi% "w :5 ! ,r5aissance 0 pur] 9 /yle &1 z has be5 obs]v$1 ( less national "*4 ,! m>quet]ie ( ?is p]iod is extremely ri*1 ! designs are less sev]e1 b ! color+ ( ! woods is v>i$1 & ! effect is height5$ by ! addition ( small pieces ( "m ( pe>l & ivory4 ,lat]1 ?is m>quet]ie became florid1 badly f9i%$1 & ! color+ ( ! v5e]s crude & gaudy4 ,old pieces ( pla9 mahogany furniture 7 decorat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( highly color$ v5e]+1 a m]etrici\s ornam5tation altoge!r lack+ ref9em5t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a peculi>ity & "* ab\t "s ( ! furniture ( ,nor? ,holl&1 9 ! t[n ( ,alkma>1 ,hoorn1 & o!rs 9 ?is di/rict1 :i* is wor? notic+4 ,! treatm5t has always be5 m primitive & qua9t ?an 9 ! ,flemi% cities to :i* allusion has be5 made--& x 0 "h t ! old f>mh\ses ( ! ,nord-,holl&] 7 furni%$ ) ! ru%-bottom$ *airs1 pa9t$ gre52 ) ?ree-legg$ tables1 & d[] *e/s pa9t$ 9 fl[]s & figures ( a rude description2 ! color+ ( :i* is *iefly gre5 & bright r$1 & is extremely effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,flemi% ,,citiz5 ,,at ,,meals4 7,f a ,,xvi4 ,c5tury ,,ms47 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,spa94 ,we h se5 t ,spa91 z well z ,g]many & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 0 "u ! rule ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 & !re=e x is unnecess>y to look fur!r = ! s\rces ( influ5ce :i* c>ri$ ! wave ( ,r5aissance to ! ,spani% c>v]s & cab9et mak]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s$an ,,*air ,,( ,,*>les ,v4 ,probably made 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,arrang$ ) movable back & uprights to =m a canopy :5 desir$4 7,9 ! ,royal ,academy1 ,madrid47 ,aft] ,van ,eyck 0 s5t = to pa9t ! portrait ( ,k+ ,john's daught]1 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries cont9u$ to export to ! ,p59sula pa9t]s1 sculptors1 tape/ry weav]s1 & books on ,art4 ,fr5* arti/s also f\nd employm5t 9 ,spa91 & ! old] ,go?ic became sup]s$$ z 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,b]ruguete1 a ,spani>d1 :o _h /udi$ 9 ! ateli] ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 return$ to 8 own c\ntry ) ! new influ5ce /rong ^u him1 & ! va/ weal? & res\rces ( ,spa9 at ?is p]iod ( h] hi/ory enabl$ h] nobles to indulge _! ta/e 9 cab9ets1 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) rep\ss plaques ( silv]1 & lat] ( tortoise-%ell1 ( ebony1 & ( sc>ce woods f h] ,indian possessions2 ?\gh 9 a m g5]al way *e/nut 0 /ill a favorite m$ium4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,table1 ,,late #af,,? ,,or ,,e>ly #ag,,? ,,c5tury4 7,9 ! ,k+'s ,collection1 ,w9dsor ,ca/le47 ,contemporane\sly ) decorative woodwork ( ,moori% design !re 0 also a great deal ( c>v+1 & ( furniture made1 aft] designs br\ght f ,italy & ! ,nor? ( ,europe2 & ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll51 quot+ a tru/wor?y ,spani% writ]1 ,seor ,j4 ,f4 ,riao1 says3--,! brilliant epo* ( sculpture 79 wood7 belongs to ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 0 due to ! great impulse x receiv$ f ! works ( ,b]ruguete & ,felipe de ,borgou4 ,he 0 ! *ief promot] ( ! ,italian /yle1 & ! *oir ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,tol$o1 :]e he work$ s mu*1 is ! f9e/ specim5 ( ! k9d 9 ,spa94 ,tol$o1 ,seville1 & ,valladolid 7 at ! "t great productive & arti/ic c5tres4 ,! same writ]1 aft] discuss+ ! *>act]i/ic ,spani% cab9ets1 decorat$ outside ) f9e ironwork & inside ) columns ( bone pa9t$ & gilt1 :i* 7 call$ ,v>gueos1 says3--,! o!r cab9ets or escritoires belong+ to t p]iod 7sixte5? c5tury7 7 to a l>ge ext5t import$ f ,g]many & ,italy1 :ile o!rs 7 made 9 ,spa9 9 imitation ( ^!1 & z ! copies 7 v simil> x is difficult to classify !m4 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,( ,,walnut ,,or ,,*e/nut ,,wood4 ,cov]$ 9 ,lea!r1 ) emboss$ patt]n4 ,spani%4 7,collection ( ,b>on de ,vallire47 ,,p]iod3 ,,e>ly ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood5 ,,c(f]4 ,) wr\ght iron m\nts & fall+ flap1 on c>v$ /&4 ,spani%4 7,collection ( ,m4 ,monbrison47 ,,p]iod3 ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,besides ^! inlaid cab9ets1 o!rs mu/ h be5 made 9 ! sixte5? c5tury inlaid ) silv]4 ,an ,edict 0 issu$ 9 #aeid1 prohibit+1 ) ! utmo/ rig\r1 ! mak+ & sell+ ( ?is k9d ( m]*&ise1 9 ord] n to increase ! sc>city ( silv]4 ,! ,edict says t no cab9ets1 desks1 c(f]s1 brazi]s1 %oes1 tables1 or o!r articles decorat$ ) /amp$1 rais$1 c>v$1 or pla9 silv] %\ld be manufactur$4 ,! beautiful silv] table 9 ,8 ,maje/y's collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 illu/rat$ on page #fh1 is probably "o ( ,spani% make ( late sixte5? or e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 ,al?\gh n /rictly )9 ! p]iod treat$ ( 9 ?is *apt]1 x is conv5i5t to obs]ve t mu* lat]1 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 "o f9ds ! ,spani% cab9et mak] ornam5t+ 8 productions ) an inlay ( ivory let into tortoise-%ell1 repres5t+ episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( ,don ,qui*otte1 & sc5es f ! ,national pa/ime ( bull-fight+4 ,^! cab9ets g5]ally h simple rectangul> outl9es ) num]\s draw]s1 ! fronts ( :i* are decorat$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 & :5 ! /&s are orig9al !y are =m$ ( turn$ legs ( ebony or /a9$ wood4 ,9 _m ,spani% cab9ets ! influ5ce ( ,s>ac5ic ,art is v dom9ant2 ^! h g5]ally a pla9 ext]ior1 ! front is h+$ z a fall-d[n flap1 & discloses a decorative effect :i* rem9ds "o ( "s ( ! ,alhambra "w--qua9t ar*es inlaid ) ivory1 ( a some:at biz>re color+ ( blue & v]milion--altoge!r a r b>b>\s b ri* & effective treatm5t4 ,to ! sev5te5? c5tury also belong$ ! high-back$ ,spani% & ,portuguese *airs1 ( d>k br[n lea!r1 /amp$ ) num]\s figures1 birds & floral scrolls1 /udd$ ) brass nails & ornam5ts1 :ile ! legs & arms are alone visible z woodwork4 ,!y are made ( *e/nut1 ) "s leafwork or scroll c>v+4 ,!re is a good repres5tative woodcut ( "o ( ^! *airs4 ,until ,b>on ,davilli] wrote 8 "w on ,spani% ,art1 v little 0 kn[n ( ! v>i\s peculi>ities by :i* we c n[ di/+ui% examples ( woodwork & furniture ( t c\ntry f _m ,italian or ,flemi% contempor>y productions4 ,"s ( ! ,museum specim5s w assi/ ! read] to m>k "s ( ^! *>act]i/ics1 & x may be obs]v$ g5]ally t 9 ! treatm5t ( figure subjects 9 ! c>v$ "w1 ! attitudes are some:at /ra9$ &1 z has be5 /at$1 ! outl9es ( ! cab9ets are )\t any special feature4 ,besides ! ,spani% *e/nut 7noy]71 :i* is s+ul>ly lu/r\s & 0 mu* us$1 "o also f9ds c$>1 cypress wood & p9e4 ,9 ! ,*apel ( ,sa9t ,bruno1 atta*$ to ! ,c>?usian ,conv5t at ,granada1 ! doors & int]ior fitt+s are excell5t examples ( inlaid ,spani% "w ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ! monks ( ?is ord] at a some:at e>li] date are said to h produc$ ! t>sia1 or inlaid "w1 to :i* "s allusion has already be5 made4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,g]many4 ,g]man ,r5aissance may be said to h made its debt "u ,albre*t ,dr]4 ,!re 0 already 9 _m ( ! ,g]man cities a disposition to copy ,flemi% arti/s1 b "u ,dr]'s influ5ce ?is new dep>ture became develop$ 9 a high degree1 &1 z ! sixte5? c5tury advanc$1 ! ,go?ic designs ( an e>li] p]iod 7 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ! m free treatm5t ( figure ornam5t1 scrolls1 enri*$ panels & m\ld+s1 :i* m>k ! new era 9 all ,art "w4 ,_m rem>kable specim5s ( ,g]man c>v+ are to be met ) 9 ,augsburg1 ,as*aff5burg1 ,b]l91 ,cologne1 ,dresd51 ,go?a1 ,muni*1 ,manheim1 ,nuremb]g1 ,ulm1 ,reg5sburg1 & o!r old ,g]man t[ns4 ,al?\gh made ( /eel1 ! celebrat$ *air at ,long=d ,ca/le 9 ,wilt%ire is wor?y ( "s notice z a rem>kable specim5 ( ,g]man ,r5aissance4 ,x is fully describ$ 9 ,ri*>dson's ,/udies f ,old ,engli% ,mansions4 ,x 0 ! "w ( ,?omas ,ruk]s1 & 0 pres5t$ by ! city ( ,augsburg to ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many 9 #aegg4 ,! city arms are at ! back1 & also ! bu/ ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! o!r m9ute & c>efully f9i%$ decorative subjects repres5t v>i\s ev5ts 9 hi/ory2 a triumphal procession ( ,cs>1 ! ,prophet ,daniel expla9+ 8 dream1 ! l&+ ( neas1 & o!r ev5ts4 ,! ,emp]or ,rudolphus plac$ ! *air 9 ! ,city ( ,prague1 ,gu/avus ,adolphus plund]$ ! city & remov$ x to ,sw$51 :5ce x 0 br\ght by ,mr4 ,gu/avus ,br&] ab\t #ajj ye>s ago1 & sold by him to ,"l ,radnor4 ,z is ! case ) ,flemi% wood-c>v+1 x is (t5 difficult to id5tify ,g]man "w1 b its *ief *>act]i/ics may be describ$ z an exub]ant realism & a fondness = m9ute detail4 ,m4 ,bonnaff has describ$ ?is "w 9 a tell+ phrase3 l'ensemble e/ t\rm5t1 laborieux1 t\ffu tumultueux4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/eel ,,*air4 ,at ,long=d ,ca/le1 ,wilt%ire4 ,!re is a rem>kable example ( r late ,g]man ,r5aissance oak c>v+ 9 ! private *apel ( ,s4 ,savi\r's ,hospital1 9 ,osnaburg ,/reet1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 ,london4 ,! *oir /alls1 "s #ca 9 numb]1 & ! massive doorway1 =m$ "p ( a ,c>?usian mona/]y at ,buxheim1 ,bav>ia1 :i* 0 sold & br\ght to ,london aft] ! mona/]y _h be5 secul>is$ & _h pass$ into ! possession ( ! t]ritorial l&lords1 ! ,bass5heim family4 ,at fir/ int5d$ to ornam5t "o ( ! ,colleges at ,ox=d1 x 0 aft]w>ds resold & pur*as$ by ! au?or1 & fitt$ to ! int]ior ( ,s4 ,savi\r's1 &1 s f> z ! proportions ( ! *apel w\ld admit ( su* an arrangem5t1 ! relative positions ( ! diff]5t p>ts are ma9ta9$4 ,! figures ( ! twelve apo/les--( ,david1 ,eleaz]1 ,moses1 ,a>on1 & ( ! eighte5 sa9ts at ! back ( ! *oir /alls1 are m>vell\s "w1 & ! :ole mu/ h be5 a h>moni\s & well-consid]$ arrangem5t ( ornam5t4 ,! "w1 execut$ by ! monks !mselves1 is said to h be5 comm5c$ 9 #afjj1 & to h be5 complet$ 9 #afea1 & ?\gh a little lat] ?an1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 ! be/ "t ( ! ,r5aissance1 is s good a repres5tation ( ,g]man "w ( ?is p]iod t x w well repay an exam9ation4 ,z ! au?or 0 responsible = its arrangem5t 9 its pres5t position1 he has ! p]mission ( ! au?orities ( ,s4 ,savi\r's to say t anyone :o is int]e/$ 9 ,art w be all[$ to see ! *apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,buffet1 #ag,,? ,,c5tury4 7,f a ,draw+ by ,pr(4 ,heidel(f47 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,engl& "u ,h5ry ! ,eigh? 0 peaceful & prosp]\s1 & ! k+ 0 ambiti\s to outvie 8 ,fr5* contempor>y1 ,franois ,i41 9 ! sumptu\sness ( 8 palaces4 ,john ( ,padua1 ,holbe91 ,hav]nius ( ,cleves1 & o!r arti/s1 7 induc$ to come to ,engl& & to introduce ! new /yle4 ,x1 h[ev]1 0 ( sl[ gr[?1 & we h 9 ! mixture ( ,go?ic1 ,italian1 & ,flemi% ornam5t1 ! /yle :i* is kn[n z ,tudor4 ,x has be5 well said t ,feudalism 0 ru9$ by gunp[d]4 ,! old-fa%ion$ feudal ca/le 0 c]ta9ly no long] pro( aga9/ cannon1 & ) ! new ord] ( ?+s1 ?reat5+ walls & s]ri$ battlem5ts gave way z if by magic to ! pomp & grace ( ! ,italian mansion4 ,high ro($ gables1 r[s ( w9d[s & glitt]+ oriels look+ d[n on t]rac$ g>d5s1 ) vases & f\nta9s1 m>k ! new epo*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*e/ ,,9 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,holbe94 ,! jo9]'s "w plays v important "p 9 ! int]ior decoration ( ! ca/les & c\ntry seats ( ?is "t1 & ! ro(s 7 magnific5tly timb]$ ) native oak1 :i* 0 available 9 long] l5g?s ?an t ( =eign gr[?4 ,! great ,hall 9 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 :i* 0 built by ,c>d9al ,wolsey & pres5t$ to 8 ma/]1 ! halls ( ,ox=d1 & _m o!r public build+s :i* rema9 to u1 are examples ( f9e woodwork 9 ! ro(s4 ,oak panell+ 0 l>gely us$ to l9e ! walls ( ! great halls1 ! l95 scroll patt]n be+ a favorite =m ( ornam5t4 ,?is t]m describes a panel c>v$ to repres5t a napk9 fold$ 9 close convolutions1 & appe>s to h be5 adopt$ f ,g]man "w2 specim5s ( ?is c be se5 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 & 9 old *ur*es decorat$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re is also "s f9e panell+ ( ?is date 9 ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,9 ?is class ( "w1 :i* accompani$ ! /yle kn[n 9 ar*itecture z ! ,p]p5dicul>1 "s ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ornam5t$ int]iors are to be f\nd1 t ( ! ro( & *oir /alls 9 ! beautiful ,*apel ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey be+ _w fam\s4 ,! c>v$ enri*m5ts ( ! "u p>ts ( ! seats1 or mis]icords1 are rem>kably m9ute1 ! subjects app>5tly be+ tak5 f old ,g]man engrav+s4 ,?is "w 0 done 9 ,engl& be=e ar*itecture & wood c>v+ _h altoge!r flung aside _! ,go?ic trammels1 & %ews an admixture ( ! new ,italian /yle :i* 0 aft]w>ds s g5]ally adopt$4 ,!re are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum "s int]e/+ records ( contracts made 9 ! n9? ye> ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's reign = joyn]'s "w at ,h5grave1 9 :i* ! mak+ ( liv]y or s]vice cupbo>ds is specifi$4 ,ye cob>ds !y be made ye facyon ( liv]y y is wout doors4 ,^! 7 fitt$ up by ! ord9>y h\se c>p5t]s1 & consi/$ ( ?ree /ages or %elves /&+ on f\r turn$ legs1 ) a draw] = table l954 ,!y 7 at ?is p]iod n enclos$1 b ! mugs or dr9k+ vessels 7 hung on hooks1 & 7 tak5 d[n & replac$ aft] use3 a ew] & bas9 0 also "p ( ! complem5t ( a liv]y cupbo>d1 = cleans+ ^! cups4 ,9 ,h>rison's description ( ,engl& 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! cu/om is ?us describ$3 ,ea* "o z necessitie urge?1 calle? = a cup ( su* dr9ke z him like?1 s :5 he ha? ta/$ x1 he deliv]e? ! cup aga9 to "s "o ( ! /&]s by1 :o make? x clean by p\r+ out ! dr9ke t rema9e?1 re/ore? x to ! cupbo>d f :5ce he fet*$ ! same4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 9 consid]+ ! furniture ( ! e>li] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 t ! religi\s p]secutions ( ! "t1 toge!r ) ! g5]al break up ( ! feudal sy/em1 _h gradually br\ght ab\t ! disuse ( ! old cu/om ( ! ma/] ( ! h\se tak+ 8 meals 9 ! l>ge hall or h\seplace1 toge!r ) 8 reta9]s & dep5dants2 & a small] room lead+ f ! great hall 0 fitt$ up ) a dressoir or s]vice cupbo>d1 = ! dr9k+ vessels 9 ! mann] j describ$1 ) a b$/ead1 & a *air1 "s b5*es1 & ! bo>d on tre/les1 :i* =m$ ! table ( ! p]iod4 ,?is room1 call$ a p>l] or privee p>loir1 0 ! "p ( ! h\se :]e ! family enjoy$ dome/ic life1 & x is a s+ul> fact t ! ,cl]ics ( ! "t1 & also ! ,c\rt p>ty1 saw 9 ?is t5d5cy t[>ds private life s grave an objection t1 9 #aebf1 ?is *ange 9 fa%ion 0 ! subject ( a ,c\rt ord9ance1 & also ( a special ,pa/oral f ,bi%op ,grosbe/e4 ,! text runs ?us3 ,sundrie noblem5 & g5tlem5 & o!rs doe mu* delighte to dyne 9 corn]s & secret places1 & ! reason giv51 0 t x 0 a bad influ5ce1 divid+ class f class2 ! real reason 0 probably t by m private & dome/ic life1 ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* ov] h] memb]s 0 weak5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,said ,,to ,,h ,,belong$ ,,to ,,anna ,,boleyn1 ,,hev] ,,ca/le4 7,f ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,godw91 ,f4,s4,a47 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( opposition 9 high places1 ! cu/om ( us+ ! small] rooms became m common1 & we %all f9d ! furniture1 z "t goes on1 design$ accord+ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tudor ,,cab9et ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 7,describ$ bel[47 ,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum !re is a v rem>kable cab9et1 ! decoration ( :i* po9ts to its be+ made 9 ,engl& at ?is "t--t is1 ab\t ! middle1 or dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 b ! highly f9i%$ & intricate m>quet]ie & c>v+ w\ld seem to prove t ,italian or ,g]man craftsm5 _h execut$ ! "w4 ,x %\ld be c>efully exam9$ z a v int]e/+ specim54 ,! ,tudor arms1 ! rose & portcullis1 are inlaid on ! /&4 ,! ar*$ panels 9 ! fold+ doors & at ! ends ( ! cab9et are 9 high relief1 repres5t+ battle sc5es1 & be> "s resemblance to ,holbe9's /yle4 ,! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! design rem9ds "o ( a ,roman triumphal ar*4 ,! woods employ$ are *iefly pe> tree1 inlaid ) corom&el & o!r woods4 ,its height is #d;ft4 #g;94 & wid? #c;ft4 #a;941 b !re is 9 x an imm5se am\nt ( c>eful detail :i* c\ld only be ! "w ( ! mo/ skilful craftsm5 ( ! day1 & x 0 evid5tly int5d$ = a room ( mod]ate dim5sions :]e ! intricacies ( design c\ld be obs]v$4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 has describ$ ?is cab9et fully1 giv+ ! subjects ( ! ornam5t1 ! ,lat9 mottoes & inscriptions1 & o!r details1 :i* occupy ov] f\r closely-pr9t$ pages ( 8 ,museum catalogue4 ,x co/ ! nation #ejj1 & 0 a v judici\s pur*ase4 ,*airs 7 dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury v sc>ce articles1 &1 z we h se5 ) o!r c\ntries1 only us$ = ! ma/] or mi/ress ( ! h\se4 ,! *air :i* is said to h belong$ to ,anna ,boleyn1 ( :i* an illu/ration is giv5 on page #gd1 is f ! collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,geo4 ,godw91 ,f4,s4,a41 =m]ly editor ( ,! ,build]1 & 0 "p ( ! cont5ts ( ,hev] ,ca/le1 9 ,k5t4 ,x is ( c>v$ oak1 inlaid ) ebony & boxwood1 & 0 probably made by an ,italian workman4 ,settles 7 l>gely us$1 & bo? ^! & su* *airs z !n exi/$1 7 dep5d5t1 = ri*ness ( effect1 ^u ! loose cu%ions ) :i* !y 7 furni%$4 ,if we attempt to ga9 a k ( ! designs ( ! tables ( ! sixte5?1 & ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5turies1 f int]iors repres5t$ 9 pa9t+s ( ?is p]iod1 ! visit to ! picture gall]y w be almo/ 9 va91 = 9 ne>ly e case ! table is cov]$ by a clo?4 ,z ^! clo?s or c>pets1 z !y 7 !n t]m$1 to di/+ui% !m f ! tapet or floor cov]+1 (t5 co/ f> m ?an ! articles !y cov]$1 a ^w ab\t !m may be all[$4 ,mo/ ( ! old inv5tories f #aeij1 aft] m5tion+ ! fram$ or joyn$ table1 "n ! c>pett ( ,turky w]ke :i* cov]$ x1 & 9 _m cases !re 0 /ill ano!r cov]+ to protect ! be/ "o1 & :5 ,fr$]ick1 ,duke ( ,wurtemburg1 visit$ ,engl& 9 #aeib1 he not$ a v extravagant c>pett at ,hampton ,c\rt1 :i* 0 embroid]$ ) pe>ls & co/ #ej1jjj cr[ns4 ,! cu%ions or quys%5s = ! *airs1 ( embroid]$ velvet1 7 also v important app5dages to ! o!rwise h>d oak5 & ebony seats1 & z ! actual date ( ! w ( ,ald]man ,glasseor quot$ bel[ is #aehi1 we may ga!r f ! extract giv51 some?+ ( ! "* & value ( ^! ornam5tal accessories :i* w\ld probably h be5 9 use = "s five & tw5ty or ?irty ye>s previ\sly4 ,inv5tory ( ! cont5ts ( ! p>l] ( ,/4 ,jones1 )9 ! cittie ( ,*e/]1 ( :i* place ,ald]man ,glasseor 0 vice-*amb]la93-- ,a draw+e table ( joyn$ "w ) a frame1 valu$ at xl %ill+s1 equilius ,lab\r #bj y\r pres5t money4 ,two =mes cov]$ ) ,turkey "w to ! same belong+e xiij %ill+s & iiij p5ce4 ,a joyn$ frame xvjd4 ,a bord ijs4 vjd4 ,a little side table ) a frame ijs4 vjd4 ,a pair ( virg9alls ) ! frame xxxs4 ,six joyn$ /ooles covr'd ) n$le w]ke xvs4 ,sixe o!r joyn$ /ooles vjs4 ,"o *e>e ( n$le w]ke iijs4 iiijd4 ,two little fote /ooles iiijd4 ,"o longe c>pett ( ,turky w]ke vili4 ,a %ortte c>pett ( ! same "w xijs4 iiijd4 ,"o cupbord c>pett ( ! same xs4 ,sixe quys%5s ( ,turkye xijs4 ,sixe quys%5s ( tape/ree xxs4 ,& o!rs ( velvet embroid]$ wt gold & silv] armes 9 ! middesle4 ,eight pictures xls4 ,maps1 a p$igree ( ,e>l ,leice/] 9 joyn$ frame & a li/ ( books4 ,?is ,ald]man ,glasseor 0 app>5tly a man ( ta/e & culture = ^? days2 he _h ca/+ bottles ( silv] = spr9kl+ p]fumes aft] d9n]1 & he also _h a c\ntry h\se at ! sea1 :]e 8 p>l\r 0 furni%$ ) a canapy b$d4 ,z ! c5tury advances1 & we get well into ,elizabe?'s reign1 wood c>v+ becomes m ambiti\s1 & al?\gh x is impossible to di/+ui% ! "w ( ,flemi% c>v]s :o _h settl$ 9 ,engl& f t ( our native craftsm51 ^! d\btless _h acquir$ f ! =m] mu* ( _! skill4 ,9 ! co/umes & 9 ! faces ( figures or bu/s1 produc$ 9 ! highly ornam5tal oak *imney pieces ( ! "t1 or 9 ! c>v$ portions ( ! f\rpo/ b$/eads1 ! national *>act]i/ics are pres]v$1 &1 ) a c]ta9 grotesqu5ess introduc$ into ! treatm5t ( accessories1 comb9e to di/+ui% ! ,engli% s*ool ( ,elizabe?an ornam5t f o!r contempor>y "w4 ,knole1 ,longleat1 ,burleigh1 ,hatfield1 ,h>dwick1 & ,audley ,end are famili> in/ances ( ! *ange 9 int]ior decoration :i* accompani$ t 9 ar*itecture2 t]m9al figures1 t is1 p$e/als dim9i%+ t[>ds _! bases1 surm\nt$ by bu/s ( m5 or wom51 elaborate int]lac$ /rap "w c>v$ 9 l[ relief1 trophies ( fruit & fl[]s1 take ! places ( ! m ,go?ic treatm5t =m]ly 9 vogue4 ,! *ange 9 ! design ( furniture naturally foll[$1 = :5 ,flemi% or ,italian c>v]s 7 n employ$1 ! actual execution 0 (t5 by ! h& ( ! h\se c>p5t]1 :o 0 influ5c$ by :at he saw ar\nd him4 ,! great *imney-piece 9 ,speke ,hall1 ne> ,liv]pool1 portions ( ! /aircase ( ,hatfield1 & ( o!r ,engli% mansions be=e m5tion$1 are good examples ( ! wood c>v+ ( ?is p]iod1 & ! illu/rations f au!nticat$ examples :i* are giv5 w assi/ ! read] to foll[ ^! rem>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gla/onbury ,,*air4 7,9 ! ,palace ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ba? & ,wells47 ,!re is a mirror frame at ,goodri* ,c\rt ( e>ly ,elizabe?an "w1 c>v$ 9 oak & p>tly gilt2 ! design is 9 ! be/ /yle ( ,r5aissance1 & m l ,italian or ,fr5*1 ?an ,engli% "w4 ,ar*itectural m\ld+s1 wrea?s ( fl[]s1 cupids1 & an allegorical figure ( ,fai? are h>moni\sly comb9$ 9 ! design1 ! size ( ! :ole frame be+ #d;ft4 #e;ins4 by #c;ft4 #f;ins4 ,x be>s ! initials ,r4,m41 & is dat$ #acei1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,rol& ,meyrick became ,bi%op ( ,bangor2 x is /ill 9 ! possession ( ! ,meyrick family4 ,a c>eful draw+ ( ?is frame 0 made by ,h5ry ,%aw1 ,f4,s4,a41 & publi%$ 9 ,specim5s ( ,anci5t ,furniture drawn f exi/+ ,au?orities1 9 #ahcf4 ,?is valuable "w ( ref]5ce also conta9s f9i%$ draw+s ( o!r notewor?y examples ( ! sixte5? c5tury furniture & woodwork4 ,among/ ^! is "o ( ! ,abbot's *air at ,gla/onbury1 temp4 ,h5ry ,,viii41 ! orig9al ( ! *air famili> to u n[ 9 ! *ancel ( mo/ *ur*es2 also a *air 9 ! ,/ate-room ( ,h>dwick ,hall1 ,d]by%ire1 cov]$ ) crimson velvet embroid]$ ) silv] tissue1 & o!rs1 v int]e/+ to ref] to because ! illu/rations are all drawn f ! articles !mselves1 & _! descriptions are writt5 by an excell5t antiqu>ian & collector1 ,sir ,samuel ,ru% ,meyrick4 ,! mirror frame j describ$ 0 probably "o ( ! fir/ ( its size & k9d 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 ! cu/om1 z has be5 already /at$1 to pa9t ! walls ) subjects f hi/ory or ,scripture1 & !re are _m precepts 9 exi/5ce f e>ly times until ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's reign1 direct+ h[ c]ta9 walls 7 to be decorat$4 ,! discont9uance ( ?is fa%ion br\ght ab\t ! fram+ ( pictures1 & "s ( ! pa9t+s by ,holbe91 :o came to ?is c\ntry ab\t #aeaa1 & receiv$ ! patronage ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 "s f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s lat]1 are probably ! fir/ pictures t 7 fram$ 9 ,engl&4 ,!re are "s two or ?ree ( ^! at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 ! ornam5t be+ a scroll 9 gold on a black backgr\nd1 ! wid? ( ! frame v small 9 comp>ison ) its canvas4 ,"s ( ! old wall pa9t+s 7 on a small scale1 &1 :]e long /ories 7 repres5t$1 ! subjects1 in/ead ( occupy+ ! :ole flank ( ! wall1 _h be5 divid$ into r[s "s ?ree feet or less 9 height1 ^! be+ sep>at$ by batt5s1 & !re=e ! fir/ frames w\ld appe> to be really little m ?an ! addition ( v]tical sides to ! horizontal top & bottom :i* su* batt5s _h =m$4 ,subsequ5tly1 frames became m ornate & elaborate4 ,aft] _! application to pictures1 _! use = mirrors 0 b a /ep 9 advance1 & ! mirror 9 a c>v$ & gilt or decorat$ frame1 probably at fir/ import$ & aft]w>ds copi$1 came to replace ! old] mirror ( v small dim5sions :i* _h be5 us$ = toilet purposes4 ,until e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 mirrors ( poli%$ /eel 9 ! antique /yle1 fram$ 9 silv] & ivory1 _h be5 us$2 9 ! w>drobe acc\nt ( ,edw>d ,i4 ! item occurs3 ,a comb & a mirror ( silv] gilt1 & we h an extract f ! privy purse ( exp5ses ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 :i* m5tions ! paym5t to a ,fr5*man = c]tayne lok+ glasses1 :i* w\ld probably be a novelty !n br\ght to 8 ,maje/y's notice4 ,inde$1 !re 0 no glass us$ = w9d[s#h previ\s to ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! sub/itute be+ %av$ horn1 p>*m5t1 & sometimes mica1 let into ! %utt]s :i* enclos$ ! w9d[ op5+4 ,! oak panell+ ( rooms dur+ ! reign ( ,elizabe? 0 v h&some1 & 9 ! example at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ( :i* !re is "h an illu/ration1 ! c\ntry possesses a v excell5t repres5tative specim54 ,?is 0 remov$ f an old h\se at ,exet]1 & its date is giv5 by ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 z f #aeej-ge4 ,! pila/]s & c>v$ panels "u ! cornice are v ri*1 & 9 ! be/ /yle ( ,elizabe?an ,r5aissance1 :ile ! panels !mselves1 be+ pla91 af=d repose1 & br+ ! ornam5t into relief4 ,! entire l5g? is #eb;ft41 & av]age height #h;ft4 #c;94 ,if ?is panell+ c\ld be arrang$ z x 0 fitt$ orig9ally 9 ! h\se ( "o ( ,elizabe?'s subjects1 ) models ( fireplace1 m\ld$ ceil+1 & accessories add$1 we %\ld !n h an object lesson ( value1 & be able to picture a ,drake or a ,raleigh 9 8 ,we/ ( ,engl& home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,elizabe?an ,,b$/ead4 ,a lat] pur*ase by ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 :i* 0 add$ to ! ,museum 9 #ahia = ! extremely mod]ate price ( #a1jjj1 is ! panell+ ( a room "s #bc;ft4 squ>e & #ab;ft4 #f;94 high1 f ,siz]gh ,ca/le1 ,we/morel&4 ,! *imney piece 0 un=tunately n pur*as$1 b ! ,dep>tm5t has arrang$ ! panell+ z a room ) a pla/] model ( ! extremely h&some ceil+4 ,! panell+ is ( ri*ly figur$ oak1 entirely devoid ( poli%1 & is inlaid ) black bog oak & holly1 9 geometrical designs1 be+ divid$ at int]vals by tall pila/]s ) flut+s ( bog oak & hav+ ,ionic capitals4 ,! "w 0 probably done locally1 & f wood gr[n on ! e/ate1 & is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable examples 9 exi/5ce4 ,! date is ab\t #aefj to #aegj1 & x has be5 describ$ 9 local lit]ature z ( ne>ly #bjj ye>s' age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,wa9scot+4 ,f an old h\se 9 ,exet]4 ,s ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,p]iod3 ,,engli% ,,r5aissance 7,,ab\t #aeej-ge47 ,:ile we are on ! subject ( panell+1 x may be wor? :ile to po9t out t ) reg>d to old ,engli% "w ( ?is date1 "o may safely take x = grant$ t :]e1 z 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton 7,exet]7 example1 ! pila/]s1 frieze1 & frame-"w are enri*$1 & ! panels pla91 ! "w 0 design$ & made = ! h\se1 b :5 ! panels are c>v$ & ! re/ pla91 !y 7 b\ght1 & !n fitt$ up by ! local c>p5t]4 ,ano!r ,museum specim5 ( ,elizabe?an c>v$ oak is a f\rpo/ b$/ead1 ) ! arms ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,devon1 :i* be>s date #aeic1 & has all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! "t4 ,!re is also a good example ( ,elizabe?an woodwork 9 "p ( ! int]ior ( ! ,*>t]h\se1 immortalis$ by ,?ack]ay1 :51 z ,greyfri>s1 9 ! ,newcomes1 he describ$ x z ! old s*ool :]e ! colonel1 & ,clive1 & ,i 7 br\ght up1 & x 0 "h t1 z a poor bro!r1 ! old colonel _h return$ to sp5d ! ev5+ ( 8 g5tle life1 &1 to quote ,?ack]ay's pa!tic l9es1 :5 ! *apel bell began to toll1 he lift$ up 8 head a little1 & said ',adsum6' ,x 0 ! ^w we us$ at s*ool :5 names 7 call$4 ,?is fam\s relic ( old ,london1 :i* =tunately escap$ ! ,great ,fire 9 #afff1 0 =m]ly an old mona/]y1 :i* ,h5ry ,,viii4 dissolv$ 9 #aecg1 & ! h\se 0 giv5 "s few ye>s lat] to ,sir ,edw>d1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,nor?1 f :om ! ,duke ( ,norfolk pur*as$ x 9 #aefe1 & ! h&some /aircase1 c>v$ ) t]m9al figures & ,r5aissance ornam5t1 0 probably built ei!r by ,"l ,nor? or 8 successor4 ,! woodwork ( ! ,great ,hall1 :]e ! p5sion]s /ill d9e e day1 is v ri*1 ! flut$ columns ) ,cor9?ian capitals1 ! int]lac$ /rap "w1 & o!r details ( c>v$ oak1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! be/ sixte5? c5tury woodwork 9 ,engl&2 ! %ield be>s ! date ( #aega4 ,?is 0 ! ye> :5 ! ,duke ( ,norfolk1 :o 0 aft]w>ds behead$1 0 releas$ f ! ,t[] on a k9d ( furl\gh1 & probably amus$ himself ) ! enri*m5t ( 8 mansion1 !n call$ ,h[>d ,h\se4 ,9 ! old ,gov]nors' room1 =m]ly ! draw+ room ( ! ,h[>ds1 !re is a specim5 ( ! l>ge wood5 *imney-piece ( ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 pa9t$ in/ead ( c>v$4 ,aft] ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's dea?1 ! h\se 0 grant$ by ! ,cr[n to 8 son1 ! ,e>l ( ,suffolk1 :o sold x 9 #afaa to ! f\nd] ( ! pres5t hospital1 ,sir ,?omas ,sutton1 a citiz5 :o is reput$ to be "o ( ! weal?ie/ ( 8 "t4 ,"s ( ! furniture giv5 by him w be f\nd notic$ 9 ! *apt] on ! ,jacobean p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d9+ ,,hall ,,9 ,,! ,,*>t]h\se4 ,%ew+ ,oak ,scre5 & front ( ,m9/rels' ,gall]y1 dat$ #aega4 ,,p]iod3 ,,elizabe?an4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,scre54 ,,9 ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,gray',s ,,inn4 ,,%ew+ ,,furniture ,,at ,,t ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hall ,,( ,,gray',s ,,inn4 ,%ew+ ,tables & ,b5*es4 ,!re are 9 ,london o!r excell5t examples ( ,elizabe?an oak c>v+4 ,among/ ^? easily accessible & valuable = ref]5ce1 are ! ,hall ( ,gray's ,inn1 built 9 #aefj1 ! second ye> ( ! ,que5's reign1 & ,middle ,temple ,hall1 built 9 #aegj-b4 ,by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,william ,r4 ,d\?waite1 libr>ian ( ,gray's ,inn1 & au?or ( ,gray's ,inn1 its ,hi/ory & ,associations1 we are enabl$ to give illu/rations ( ! int]ior ( ! ,hall1 & also ( ! c>v$ scre5 support+ ! ,m9/rels' ,gall]y4 ,! int]lac$ /rap "w1 g5]ally f\nd 9 ,elizabe?an c>v+1 encircles ! %afts ( ! columns z a decoration4 ,! table 9 ! c5tre has also "s l[ relief c>v+ on ! draw] front :i* =ms its frieze1 b ! /raight & sev]e /yle ( leg leads u to place its date at "s fifty ye>s lat] ?an ! ,hall4 ,! desk on ! left1 & ! table on ! "r1 are probably ( a /ill lat] p]iod4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h1 too1 t ! long table :i* /&s at ! opposite end ( ! ,hall1 on ! das1 said to h be5 pres5t$ by ,que5 ,elizabe?1 is n ( ! design ) :i* ! furniture ( h] reign is associat$ by exp]ts2 ! heavy cabriole legs1 ) b5t knees1 correspond+ ) ! legs ( ! *airs 7also on ! das7 are ( unmi/akable ,dut* orig91 & s f> z ! writ]'s obs]vations & inve/igations h gone1 7 probably introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t ! "t ( ,william ,,iii4 ,! same rem>ks apply to a table 9 ,middle ,temple ,hall1 also said to h be5 !re dur+ ,elizabe?'s "t4 ,mr4 ,d\?waite alludes to ! rum\r ( ! ,que5's gift 9 8 book1 & endeav\r$ to sub/antiate x f records at 8 comm&1 b 9 va94 ,! au?orities at ,middle ,temple are also1 s f> z we h be5 able to asc]ta91 )\t any docum5t>y evid5ce to prove ! claim ( _! table to any great] age ?an ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! c>v$ oak scre5 ( ,middle ,temple ,hall is magnific5t1 & no "o %\ld miss see+ x4 ,t]m9al figures1 flut$ columns1 panels brok5 up into small] divisions1 & c>v$ enri*m5ts ( v>i\s devices1 are all comb9$ 9 a h>moni\s design1 ri* )\t be+ ov]cr[d$1 & its effect is enhanc$ by ! ri* color giv5 to x by age1 by ! excell5t proportions ( ! ,hall1 by ! pla9 panell+ ( ! ?ree o!r sides1 & above all by ! gr& oak ro(1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o ( ! f9e/ ( its k9d 9 ,engl&4 ,"s ( ! tables & =ms are ( a mu* lat] date1 b an int]e/ atta*es ev5 to ?is furniture f ! fact ( its hav+ be5 made f oak gr[n close to ! ,hall2 & z "o ( ! tables has a slab compos$ ( an oak plank ne>ly ?irty in*es wide1 we c imag9e :at f9e old trees once grew & fl\ri%$ close to ! n[ busy ,fleet ,/reet1 & ! bu/l+ ,/r&4 ,!re are frames1 too1 9 ,middle ,temple made f ! oak5 timb]s :i* once =m$ ! piles 9 ! ,?ames on :i* re/$ ! ,temple ,/airs4 ,9 ,mr4 ,h]b]t's ,antiquities ( ! ,inns ( ,c\rt & ,*anc]y1 !re are sev]al facts ( int]e/ 9 connection ) ! woodwork ( ,middle ,temple4 ,he m5tions t ! scre5 0 paid = by contributions f ea* b5*] ( tw5ty %ill+s1 ea* b>ri/] ( t5 %ill+s1 & e o!r memb] ( six %ill+s & eightp5ce2 t ! ,hall 0 f\nd$ 9 #aefb1 & furni%$ t5 ye>s lat]1 ! scre5 be+ put up 9 #aegd2 & t ! memorials ( "s two hundr$ & fifty ,read]s :i* decorate ! o!rwise pla9 oak panell+1 date f #aeig to #ahjd1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,mr4 ,h]b]t's book 0 publi%$4 ,ref]r+ to ! furniture1 he says3--,! massy oak tables & b5*es ) :i* ?is ap>tm5t 0 anci5tly furni%$1 /ill rema91 & s may d = c5turies1 unless viol5tly de/roy$1 be+ ( wond]ful /r5g?4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t also m5tions ! masks & revels held 9 ?is fam\s ,hall 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?3 he also gives a li/ ( quantities & prices ( mat]ials us$ 9 ! decoration ( ,gray's ,inn ,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,panels4 ,n[ 9 ! ,c\rt ,room ( ! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company4 ,remov$ f ! =m] ,hall4 ,,p]iod3 ,,elizabe?an4 ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company1 9 ,?rogmorton ,av5ue1 are ?ree curi\s c>v$ oak panels1 wor? notic+ "h1 z !y are ( a date br++ !m well into ?is p]iod4 ,!y 7 =m]ly 9 ! old ,hall1 :i* escap$ ! ,great ,fire1 & 9 ! acc\nt books ( ! ,corporation is ! foll[+ record ( ! co/ ( "o ( ^! panels3-- ,paide = a planke to c>ve ! arms ( ! ,companie iijs4 ,paide to ! ,c>v] = c>v+ ! arms ( ! ,companie xxiijs4 iiijd4 ,! price ( mat]ial 7#cs47 & workman%ip 7#bcs4 #d;d47 0 c]ta9ly n excessive4 ,all ?ree panels are 9 excell5t pres]vation1 & ! design ( a h>p1 be+ a rebus ( ! ,ma/]'s "n1 is a qua9t relic ( old cu/oms4 ,"s o!r oak furniture1 9 ! ,hall ( ?is anci5t ,company1 w be notic$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,mr4 ,jupp1 a =m] ,cl]k ( ! ,company1 has writt5 an hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,c>p5t]s1 :i* conta9s _m facts ( int]e/4 ,! (fice ( ,k+'s ,c>p5t] or ,surveyor1 ! p[]s ( ! ,c>p5t]s to se>*1 exam9e1 & impose f9es = ineffici5t "w1 & ! trade disputes ) ! ,joyn]s1 ! ,sawy]s1 & ! ,woodmong]s1 are all ent]ta9+ read+1 & ?r[ _m side-lights on ! woodwork ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,( ,,an ,,elizabe?an ,,/aircase4 ,! illu/ration ( ,h>dwick ,hall %ews oak panell+ & decoration ( a some:at e>li]1 & also some:at lat]1 "t ?an ,elizabe?1 :ile ! c>v$ oak *airs are ( ,jacobean /yle4 ,at ,h>dwick is /ill kept ! hi/oric *air 9 :i* x is said t ,william1 f\r? ,e>l ( ,devon%ire1 sat :5 he & 8 fri5ds compass$ ! d[nfall ( ,james ,,ii4 ,9 ! curi\s little *apel1 hung ) anci5t tape/ry1 & conta9+ ! orig9al ,bible & ,pray] ,book ( ,*>les ,i41 are o!r qua9t *airs cov]$ ) cu%ions ( sixte5? or e>ly sev5te5? c5tury ne$lework4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,entrance ,,hall1 ,,h>dwick ,,hall4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,furniture1 ,,jacobean1 ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,be=e conclud+ ! rem>ks on ?is p]iod ( ,engli% woodwork & furniture1 fur!r m5tion %\ld be made ( ,p5%ur/ ,place1 to :i* !re has be5 already "s ref]5ce 9 ! *apt] on ! p]iod ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x 0 "h t ,sir ,philip ,sydney sp5t mu* ( 8 "t1 & produc$ 8 be/ lit]>y "w1 dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 retirem5t :5 he _h lo/ ! fav\r ( ,elizabe?3 & 9 ! room kn[n z ! ,que5's ,room1 illu/rat$ on page #hi1 "s ( ! furniture is ( ?is p]iod4 ,! cry/al *&eli]s are said to h be5 giv5 by ,leice/] to 8 ,royal ,mi/ress1 & "s ( ! *airs & tables 7 s5t d[n by ! ,que51 & pres5t$ to ,sir ,h5ry ,sydney 7,philip's fa!r7 :5 %e /ay$ at ,p5%ur/ dur+ "o ( h] ,royal progresses4 ,! room1 ) its vases & b[ls ( old ,ori5tal *9a & ! contempor>y portraits on ! walls1 gives u a good idea ( ! v be/ effect t 0 atta9able ) ! mat]ial !n available4 ,ri*>dson's ,/udies conta9s1 among/ o!r examples ( furniture1 & c>v$ oak decorations ( ,engli% ,r5aissance1 int]iors ( ,little ,*>lton1 ,ea/ ,sutton ,place1 ,/ockton ,h\se1 ,wilts1 ,audley ,end1 ,essex1 & ! ,great ,hall1 ,crewe1 ) its beautiful hall scre5s & fam\s c>v$ p>loir1 all notable mansions ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,to ?is p]iod ( ,engli% furniture belongs ! celebrat$ ,great ,b$ ( ,w>e1 ( :i* !re is an illu/ration4 ,?is 0 =m]ly at ! ,s>ac5's ,head at ,w>e1 b has be5 remov$ to ,rye ,h\se1 ab\t two miles away4 ,%akespe>e's allusion to x 9 ! ,twelf? ,night has id5tifi$ ! approximate date & gives ! b$ a "*4 ,! foll[+ are ! l9es3-- ,,sir ,,toby ,,bel*4--,& z _m lies z %all lie 9 ?y %eet ( pap] al?o' ! %eet 7 big en\gh = ! ,b$ ( ,w>e 9 ,engl&1 set em d[n1 g ab\t x4 ,ano!r illu/ration %ews ! *air :i* is said to h belong$ to ,william ,%akespe>e3 x may or may n be ! actual "o us$ by ! poet1 b x is mo/ probably a g5u9e specim5 ( ab\t 8 "t1 ?\gh p]haps n made 9 ,engl&4 ,!re is a manuscript on its back :i* /ates t x 0 kn[n 9 #agfi z ! ,%akespe>e ,*air1 :5 ,g>rick borr[$ x f its own]1 ,mr4 ,james ,bacon1 ( ,b>net1 & s9ce t "t its hi/ory is well kn[n4 ,! c>v$ ornam5t is 9 l[ relief1 & repres5ts a r\gh idea ( ! dome ( ,s4 ,m>c & ! ,campanile ,t[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,*air4 ,we h n[ briefly & r\ghly trac$ ! advance ( :at may be t]m$ ! flood-tide ( ,art f its bir?place 9 ,italy to ,france1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,spa91 ,g]many1 & ,engl&2 & by explanation & description1 assi/$ by illu/rations1 h endeav\r$ to %[ h[ ! ,go?ic ( ! latt] "p ( ! ,middle ,ages gave way be=e ! revival ( classic =ms & arabesque ornam5t1 ) ! _m details & peculi>ities *>act]i/ic ( ea* diff]5t nationality :i* _h adopt$ ! g5]al *ange4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! bahut or *e/ has become a cab9et ) all its v>ieties2 ! simple prie dieu *air1 z a devotional piece ( furniture1 has be5 elaborat$ into almo/ an oratory1 &1 z a dome/ic seat1 into a dignifi$ ?rone2 tables h1 t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod1 become m ornate1 & made z solid pieces ( furniture1 in/ead ( ! planks & tressels :i* we f\nd :5 ! ,r5aissance comm5c$4 ,*imney pieces1 :i* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 7 m]ely /one smoke %afts or hoods support$ by corbels1 h be5 replac$ by h&some c>v$ oak erections1 ornam5t+ ! hall or room f floor to ceil+1 & ! ,engli% liv]y cupbo>d1 ) its =eign contempor>y ! buffet1 is ! =]unn] ( ! sidebo>d ( ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,b$ ,,( ,,w>e4 ,=m]ly at ! ,s>ac5's ,head1 ,w>e1 b n[ at ,rye ,h\se1 ,broxb\rne1 ,h]ts4 ,,p]iod3 ,,xvi4 ,,c5tury4 ,c>v$ oak panell+ has replac$ ! old arras & rud] wood l9+ ( an e>li] "t1 & ) ! dep>ture ( ! old feudal cu/oms & ! indulg5ce 9 great] luxuries ( ! m weal?y nobles & m]*ants 9 ,italy1 ,fl&]s1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 we h ! elegances & grace ) :i* ,art1 & increas$ means ( gratify+ ta/e1 enabl$ ! sixte5? c5tury virtuoso to adorn 8 home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,que5',s ,,room1 ,,p5%ur/ ,,place4 7,reproduc$ f ,hi/oric ,h\ses ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,cassell ,co41 ,limit$47 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*imney ,,piece ,,9 ,,speke ,,hall1 ,,ne> ,,liv]pool4 ,,p]iod3 ,,elizabe?an4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #e3 ,! panels ( ! high scre5 or back to ! /alls 9 ,la ,c]tosa di ,pavia 7a ,c>?usian ,mona/]y suppress$ by ,joseph ,,ii47 are fam\s examples ( e>ly int>sia4 ,9 an essay on ! subject writt5 by ,mr4 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 ,a4,r4,a41 !y are said to be ! "w ( "o ,b>tolommeo1 an ,i/rian arti/1 & to date f #adhf4 ,! same writ] m5tions /ill m elaborate examples ( pictorial int>sia 9 ! *oir /alls ( ,/a4 ,m>ia1 ,maggiore1 9 ,b]gamo4 ,footnote #f3 ,writ]s ( au?ority on ar*itecture h notic$ t ! *ief *>act]i/ic 9 /yle ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 z contra/$ ) ! ,italian1 is t 9 ! latt] ! details & ornam5t ( ! new s*ool 7 impos$ on ! old f\ndations ( ! ,go?ic "*4 ,! ,*ateau ( ,*ambord is giv5 z an in/ance ( ?is comb9ation4 ,footnote #g3 ,meubles en bois sculpt ayant figur l'exposition rtrospective de ,lyon en #ahgg1 p> ,j4 ,b4 ,giraud4 ,footnote #h3 ,dr4 ,jacob von ,falk /ates t ! fir/ m5tion ( glass z an extraord9>y product occurs 9 a regi/] ( #abci4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,jacobean ,furniture4 ,engli% ,home ,life 9 ! ,reign ( ,james ,i4--,sir ,h5ry ,wotton quot$--,inigo ,jones & 8 "w--,=d ,ca/le--,*imney ,pieces 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,table 9 ! ,c>p5t]s' ,hall--,hall ( ! ,b>b]s' ,company--,! ,*>t]h\se--,"t ( ,*>les ,i4--,furniture at ,knole--,eagle ,h\se1 ,wimbl$on--,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake--,monum5ts at ,cant]bury & ,we/m9/]--,settles1 ,c\*es1 & ,*airs ( ! ,/u>t p]iod--,sir ,paul ,p9d>'s ,h\se--,cromwellian ,furniture--,! ,re/oration--,indo-,portuguese ,furniture--,hampton ,c\rt ,palace--,evelyn's description--,! ,great ,fire ( ,london--,hall ( ! ,brew]s' ,company--,oak ,panell+ ( ! "t--,gr9l+ ,gibbons & 8 "w--,! ,edict ( ,nantes--,silv] ,furniture at ,knole--,william ,,iii4 & ,dut* influ5ce--,que5 ,anne--,sidebo>ds1 ,bureaus1 & ,gr&fa!rs' ,clocks--,furniture at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,r5aissance ! great ,art revival 9 ,engl& has be5 notic$2 9 ! ,elizabe?an oak "w ( *imney pieces1 panell+1 & furniture1 are to be f\nd v>y+ =ms ( ! free classic /yle :i* ! ,r5aissance _h br\ght ab\t4 ,^! fluctuat+ *anges 9 fa%ion cont9u$ 9 ,engl& f ! "t ( ,elizabe? until ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :51 z w be %ewn pres5tly1 a di/9ct alt]ation 9 ! design ( furniture took place4 ,! dome/ic habits ( ,engli%m5 7 gett+ m e/abli%$4 ,we h se5 h[ religi\s p]secution dur+ prec$+ reigns1 at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 _h enc\rag$ private dome/ic life ( families 9 ! small] rooms & ap>t f ! gossip+ reta9]1 :o might at any "t br+ de/ruction ^u ! h\sehold by giv+ in=mation ab\t items ( conv]sation he _h ov]he>d4 ,!re is a qua9t passage 9 "o ( ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton's lett]s1 writt5 9 #afjj1 :i* %ews t ?is home life 0 n[ becom+ a settl$ *>act]i/ic ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,e man's prop] mansion h\se & home1 be+ ! !atre ( 8 hospitality1 ! seate ( 8 selfe fruition1 ! com=table "p ( 8 own life1 ! noble/ ( 8 son's inh]itance1 a k9d ( private pr9c$om1 nay ! possession !re( an epitome ( ! :ole _w well des]ve by ^! attributes1 accord+ to ! degree ( ! ma/]1 to be delightfully adorn$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,*imney ,,place ,,9 ,,sir ,,walt] ,,raleigh',s ,,h\se1 ,,y\ghal1 ,,irel&4 ,said to be ! "w ( a ,flemi% ,arti/1 :o 0 br\ght ov] = ! purpose ( execut+ ?is & o!r c>v$ "w at ,y\ghal4 ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton 0 ,ambassador 9 ,v5ice 9 #afjd1 & is said to h be5 ! au?or ( ! well-kn[n def9ition ( an ambassador's call+1 namely1 an hone/ man s5t to lie abroad = 8 c\ntry's good4 ,?is (f5d$ ! piety ( ,james ,i41 & caus$ him = "s "t to be 9 disgrace4 ,he also publi%$1 "s #bj ye>s lat]1 ,elem5ts ( ,ar*itecture1 & be+ an antiqu>ian & man ( ta/e1 s5t home _m specim5s ( ! fam\s ,italian wood c>v+4 ,x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,james ,i4 & t ( 8 successor t ,inigo ,jones1 our ,engli% ,vitruvius1 0 mak+ 8 great reputation2 he _h return$ f ,italy full ( en?usiasm = ! ,r5aissance ( ,palladio & 8 s*ool1 & ( k & ta/e ga9$ by a dilig5t /udy ( ! anci5t classic build+s ( ,rome4 ,8 influ5ce w\ld be spe$ily felt 9 ! design ( woodwork fitt+s1 = ! int]iors ( 8 edifices4 ,!re is a note 9 8 own copy ( ,palladio1 :i* is n[ 9 ! libr>y ( ,worce/] ,college1 ,ox=d1 :i* is wor? quot+3-- ,9 ! "n ( ,god3 ,am54 ,! #b ( ,janu>y1 #afad1 ,i be+ 9 ,rome comp>$ ^! des9es foll[+1 ) ! ,ru9es !mselves4--,,inigo ,,jones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imney ,,piece ,,9 ,,byfleet ,,h\se4 ,,e>ly ,,jacobean4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he return$ f ,italy on 8 appo9tm5t z ,k+'s ,surveyor ( ,works1 & until 8 dea? 9 #afeb 0 full ( "w1 al?\gh un=tunately = u1 mu* t he design$ 0 nev] c>ri$ out1 & mu* t he c>ri$ out has be5 de/roy$ by fire4 ,! ,banquet+ ,hall ( ,:itehall1 n[ ,:itehall ,*apel2 ,/4 ,paul's1 ,cov5t ,g>d52 ! old wat] gate orig9ally int5d$ z ! entrance to ! fir/ ,duke ( ,buck+ham's ,palace1 close to ,*>+ ,cross2 ,nos4 #ee & #ef1 on ! s\? side ( ,great ,que5 ,/reet1 ,l9coln's ,inn2 & "o or two monum5ts & por*es1 are among/ ! examples t rema9 to u ( ?is great ma/]'s "w2 & ( int]iors1 t ( ,a%burnham ,h\se is left to rem9d u1 ) its quiet dignity ( /yle1 ( ?is great ma/]4 ,x has be5 said 9 speak+ ( ! /aircase1 pla/] ornam5t1 & woodwork ( ?is int]ior1 ^u ! :ole is set ! seal ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,i4 ,z ! "w 0 probably f9i%$ dur+ ! ,k+'s reign1 ! impression int5d$ to be convey$ 0 t aft] wood c>v+ _h r run riot t[>ds ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we _h n[ 9 ! int]ior design$ by ,inigo ,jones1 or influ5c$ by 8 s*ool1 a m quiet & sob] /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,k+',s ,,*amb]1 ,,=d ,,ca/le4 ,! above woodcut %ews a portion ( ! ,k+'s room1 9 ,=d ,ca/le1 :i* /ill conta9s s\v5irs ( ,flodd5 ,field--accord+ to an article 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,art4 ,! room is 9 ! nor!rnmo/ t[]1 :i* /ill pres]ves ext]nally ! /]n1 grim "* ( ! bord] =tress2 & ! room looks t[>ds ! fam\s battle-field4 ,! *air %ews a date #afch1 & !re is ano!r ( ,dut* design ( ab\t fifty or sixty ye>s lat]2 b ! c>v$ oak b$/ead1 ) tape/ry hang+s1 & ! oak press1 :i* ! writ] ( ! article m5tions z =m+ "p ( ! old furniture ( ! room1 sc>cely appe> 9 ! illu/ration4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 tells u t ! majority ( s-call$ ,tudor h\ses 7 actually built dur+ ! reign ( ,james ,i41 & ?is may probably be accept$ z an explanation ( ! o!rwise curi\s fact ( !re be+ mu* 9 ! ar*itecture & woodwork ( ?is "t :i* w\ld seem to belong to ! e>li] p]iod4 ,! illu/rations ( wood5 *imney pieces w %ew ?is *ange4 ,!re are 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum "s ?ree or f\r *imney pieces ( /one1 hav+ ! upp] portions ( c>v$ oak1 ! dates ( :i* h be5 asc]ta9$ to be ab\t #afbj2 ^! 7 remov$ f an old h\se 9 ,lime ,/reet1 ,city1 & give u an idea ( ! int]ior decoration ( a resid5ce ( a ,london m]*ant4 ,! "o illu/rat$ is some:at ri*] ?an ! o!rs1 ! columns support+ ! cornice ( ! o!rs be+ almo/ pla9 pill>s ) ,ionic or ,doric capitals1 & ! c>v+ ( ! panels ( all ( !m is 9 less relief1 & simpl] 9 "*1 ?an ^? :i* occur 9 ! latt] "p ( ,elizabe?'s "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,c5tre ,,table4 ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company4 ,! e>lie/ dat$ piece ( ,jacobean furniture :i* has come "u ! writ]'s obs]vation is ! octagonal table belong+ to ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company4 ,! illu/ration1 tak5 f ,mr4 ,jupp's book ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]1 h>dly does ! table ju/ice2 x is really a v h&some piece ( furniture1 & measures ab\t #c feet #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,9 ! sp&rils ( ! ar*es betwe5 ! legs are ! lett]s ,r4,w41 ,g4,i41 ,j4,r41 & ,w4,w41 be+ ! initials ( ,ri*>d ,wyatt1 ,george ,isack1 ,john ,reeve1 & ,william ,willson1 :o 7 ,ma/] & ,w>d5s ( ! ,company 9 #afjf1 :i* date is c>v$ 9 two ( ! sp&rils4 ,:ile ! ornam5tal legs %ew "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,elizabe?an "w1 ! treatm5t is less bold1 ! l>ge acorn-%ap$ memb] has become m ref9$ & att5uat$1 & ! ornam5t is altoge!r m subdu$4 ,?is is a rem>kable specim5 ( e>ly ,jacobean furniture1 & is ! only "o ( ! %ape & k9d kn[n to ! writ]2 x is 9 excell5t pres]vation1 save t ! top is split4 ,x %ews signs ( hav+ be5 made ) consid]able skill & c>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*air4 ,f ,ab+don ,p>k4 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*air4 ,9 ! ,c>p5t]s' ,hall4 7,f ,photos 9 ! ,s4 ,k5s+ton ,museum ,album47 ,,e>ly ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 ,,engli%4 ,! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t keep = ref]5ce an album conta9+ photographs1 n only ( _m ( ! specim5s 9 ! diff]5t museums "u its control1 b also ( "s ( ^? :i* h be5 l5t = a tempor>y exhibition4 ,! illu/ration ( ! above two *airs is tak5 f ?is s\rce1 ! album hav+ be5 plac$ at ! writ]'s disposal by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,jones1 ( ! ,photographic ,dep>tm5t4 ,! left-h& *air1 f ,ab+don ,p>k1 is said to h belong$ to ,lady ,b>n>d1 ,%akespe>e's gr&-daught]1 & ! o!r may /ill be se5 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,c>p5t]s' ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,*imney ,,piece4 ,remov$ f an old h\se 9 ,lime ,/reet1 ,city4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,,p]iod3 ,,james ,i4 ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,b>b]s' ,company 9 ,monkswell ,/reet1 ! ,c\rt room1 :i* is light$ ) an octagonal cupola1 0 design$ by ,inigo ,jones z a ,!atre ( ,anatomy1 :5 ! ,b>b]s & ,surgeons 7 "o corporation4 ,!re are "s ?ree or f\r tables ( ?is p]iod 9 ! ,hall1 hav+ f\r legs connect$ by /ret*]s1 q pla92 ! m\ld$ edges ( ! table tops are also )\t enri*m5t4 ,^! pla9 oak slabs1 & also ! /ret*]s1 h be5 r5ew$1 b 9 exactly ! same /yle z ! orig9al "w2 ! legs1 h[ev]1 are ! old ones1 & are simple columns ) pla9 turn$ capitals & bases4 ,o!r tables ( ?is p]iod are to be f\nd 9 a few old c\ntry mansions2 !re is "o 9 ,longleat1 :i*1 ! writ] has be5 told1 has a small draw] at ! end1 to hold ! copp] co9s ) :i* ! reta9]s ( ! ,m>quis ( ,ba?'s ance/ors us$ to play a game ( %ovel p5ny4 ,9 ! ,*apt] ,h\se 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 !re is also "o ( ^! pla9 sub/antial ,james ,i4 tables1 :i* is s+ul> 9 be+ ne>ly d\ble ! wid? ( ^? :i* 7 usually made at ?is "t4 ,z ! ,*apt] ,h\se 01 until comp>atively rec5t ye>s1 us$ z a room = ! /orage ( records1 ?is table 0 probably made1 n z a d9+ table1 b = "s o!r purpose requir+ great] wid?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,sidebo>d ,,9 ,,! ,s4 ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 ,,p]iod3 ,,william ,,iii4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,r5aissance !re 0 an allusion to ,*>t]h\se1 :i* 0 pur*as$ = its pres5t purpose by ,?omas ,sutton 9 #afaa1 & 9 ! *apel may be se5 to-day ! orig9al communion table plac$ !re by ! f\nd]4 ,x is ( c>v$ oak1 ) a r[ ( legs runn+ l5g?ways und]nea? ! middle1 & f\r o!rs at ! corn]s2 ^!1 :ile be+ ca/ 9 ! simple l9es already notic$ 9 describ+ ! tables 9 ! ,b>b]s' ,hall1 & ! ,*apt] ,h\se1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 are enri*$ by c>v+ f ! base1 to ! ?ird ( ! height ( ! leg1 & ! frieze ( ! table is also c>v$ 9 l[ relief4 ,! ri* c>v$ wood scre5 :i* supports ! organ l(t is also ( ,jacobean "w4 ,!re is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a c>v$ oak *e/1 ) a c5tre panel repres5t+ ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ( ab\t ?is date1 #afae-bj2 x is m\nt$ on a /& :i* has ?ree feet 9 front & two beh9d1 :i* are mu* m primitive & qua9t ?an ! ornate supports ( ,elizabe?an c>v+2 :ile ! only ornam5ts on ! draw] fronts :i* =m ! frieze ( ! /& are m\ld$ panels1 9 ! c5tre ( ea* ( :i* !re is a turn$ knob by :i* to op5 ! draw]4 ,?is *e/ & ! table :i* =ms its /& 7 probably n int5d$ = ea* o!r4 ,! illu/ration on ! previ\s page %ews ! /&1 :i* is a good repres5tation ( ! c>v+ ( ?is "t1 i4e41 e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! r\nd-back$ arm *air :i* ! ,museum pur*as$ 9 #ahia f ! ,hail/one ,collection1 ?\gh dat$ #afad1 is really m ,elizabe?an 9 design ?an "o w\ld expect4 ,!re is no great] /oreh\se = specim5s ( furniture 9 use dur+ ! ,jacobean p]iod ?an ,knole1 t /ately mansion ( ! ,sackville family1 !n ! prop]ty ( ! ,e>ls ( ,dorset4 ,9 ! ,k+'s ,b$room1 :i* is said to h be5 specially prep>$ & furni%$ = ! visit ( ,k+ ,james ,i41 ! public1 ow+ to ! c\rtesy & g5]\s _s ( ! pres5t ,"l ,sackville1 c /ill see ! b$1 orig9ally ( crimson silk1 b n[ mu* fad$1 elaborately embroid]$ ) gold4 ,x is said to h co/ #h1jjj1 & ! *airs & seats1 :i* are believ$ to h =m$ "p ( ! orig9al equipm5t ( ! room1 are 9 mu* ! same position z !y !n occupi$4 ,9 ! c>v$ "w ( ?is furniture we _c help ?9k+ t ! h& ( ! ,v5etian craftsman is to be trac$1 & x is probable t !y 7 ei!r import$ or copi$ f a patt]n br\ght ov] = t purpose4 ,a suite ( furniture ( t "t appe>s to h consi/$ ( six /ools & two arm *airs1 almo/ entirely cov]$ ) velvet1 hav+ ! ,illu/ration =m supports1 :i*1 s f> z ! writ]'s inve/igations h gone1 appe> to h come f ,v5ice4 ,9 ! ,leice/] gall]y at ,knole !re is a portrait ( ! ,k+1 pa9t$ by ,myt5s1 seat$ on su* a *air1 & j bel[ ! picture is plac$ ! *air :i* is said to be id5tical ) ! "o portray$4 ,x is simil> to ! "o reproduc$ on page #ajj f a draw+ ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake's4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seats ,,at ,,knole4 ,cov]$ ) ,crimson ,silk ,velvet4 ,,p]iod3 ,,james ,i4 ,9 ! same gall]y also are ?ree s(as or settees uphol/]$ ) crimson velvet1 & "o ( ^! has an accommodat+ rack1 by :i* ei!r end c be l[]$ at w1 to make a m conv5i5t l\nge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arm ,,*air4 ,cov]$ ) ,velvet1 trimm$ ) ,fr+e1 & /udd$ ) ,copp] ,nails4 ,,e>ly ,,xvii4 ,,c5tury4 7,f a ,draw+ ( ! ,orig9al at ,knole1 by ,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake47 ,?is excell5t example ( ,jacobean furniture has be5 describ$ & sket*$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake 9 ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e4 ,he says3 ,! jo9ts are prop]ly 't5on$' & p9n$ toge!r 9 su* a mann] z to ensure its con/ant /ability4 ,! back is =m$ l t ( a *air1 ) a horizontal rail only at its upp] edge1 b x receives additional /r5g? f ! second rail1 :i* is introduc$ at ! back ( ! seat4 ,9 ,m>cus ,/one's well-kn[n picture ( ,! ,/ol5 ,keys1 ?is is ! s(a portray$4 ,! arm *air illu/rat$ above is "p ( ! same suite ( furniture4 ,! furniture ( ano!r room at ,knole is said to h be5 pres5t$ by ,k+ ,james to ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,middlesex1 :o _h m>ri$ into ! ,dorset family4 ,! au?or has be5 furni%$ ) a photograph ( ?is room2 & ! illu/ration prep>$ f ?is w give ! read] a bett] idea ?an a l5g?y description4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,spangle ,,b$room ,,at ,,knole4 ,! ,furniture ( ?is room 0 pres5t$ by ,james ,i4 to ! ,e>l ( ,middlesex4 7,f a ,photo by ,mr4 ,corke1 ( ,sev5oaks47 ,x seems f a comp>ison ( ! ,knole furniture ) ! designs ( "s ( ! tables & o!r woodwork produc$ dur+ ! same reign1 be>+ ! impress ( ! m sev]e /yle ( ,inigo ,jones1 t !re 7 !n 9 ,engl& two /yles ( decorative furniture4 ,"o ( ^!1 simple & sev]e1 %ew+ a reaction f ! grotesque fre$om ( ,elizabe?an c>v+1 & ! o!r1 copi$ f ,v5etian ornam5tal woodwork1 ) cupids on scrolls =m+ ! supports ( /ools1 hav+ ^! ornam5tal legs connect$ by /ret*]s1 ! design ( :i* is1 9 ! case ( ^? 9 ! ,k+'s ,b$*amb] at ,knole1 a c\ple ( cupids 9 a fly+ attitude hold+ up a cr[n4 ,?is k9d ( furniture 0 g5]ally gilt1 & "u ! black pa9t ( ^? at ,knole1 traces ( ! gold are /ill to be se54 ,mr4 ,ea/lake visit$ ,knole1 & made a c>eful exam9ation & sket*es ( ! ,jacobean furniture !re1 & has well describ$ & illu/rat$ x 9 8 book j ref]r$ to2 he m5tions t he f\nd !re a slip ( pap] tuck$ b5ea? ! webb+ ( a settle1 ) an inscription 9 ,old ,engli% *>act]s :i* fix$ ! date ( "s ( ! furniture at #afbj4 ,mr4 ,lionel ,sackville ,we/ has confirm$ ?is date 9 a lett] to ! au?or1 by a ref]5ce to ! heirloom book1 :i* also be>s out ! au?or's op9ion t "s ( ! m ri*ly-c>v$ furniture ( ?is "t 0 import$ f ,italy4 ,9 ! ,lady ,*apel ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral !re is a monum5t ( ,dean ,boys1 :o di$ 9 #afbe4 ,?is repres5ts ! ,dean seat$ 9 8 libr>y1 at a table ) turn$ legs1 ov] :i* !re is a tape/ry cov]4 ,books l9e ! walls ( ! section ( ! room %ewn 9 ! /one c>v+2 x diff]s little f ! sanctum ( a lit]>y man ( ! pres5t day4 ,!re are _m o!r monum5ts :i* repres5t furniture ( ?is p]iod1 & among/ ! m curi\s is t ( a *ild ( ,k+ ,james ,i41 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 close to ! monum5t ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,! *ild is sculptur$ ab\t life size1 9 a c>v$ cradle ( ! "t4 ,holl& ,h\se1 ,k5s+ton1 is a good example ( a ,jacobean mansion4 ,! *ief int]e/1 insep>able f ?is h\se1 is1 ( c\rse1 associat$ ) ! memory ( ! ?ird ,"l ,holl&1 nephew ( ,fox & fri5d ( ,grey1 :o ga!r$ ar\nd him )9 its walls ! mo/ brilliant & di/+ui%$ society ( ! day1 presid+ ov] x ) t g5ial c\rtesy :i* 0 ! ri* inh]itance ( 8 family4 ,macaulay1 at ! conclusion ( 8 essay on ,"l ,holl&1 has1 ) 8 unrivall$ p[] ( description1 told u ( ! *>m & fasc9ation ( t circle 9 :i* e tal5t & accompli%m5t1 e art & sci5ce1 _h its place--enum]at+ also ! names ( _m ( ^? :o =m$ x1 & expatiat+ on ! grace & ! k9dness1 f> m admirable ?an grace1 ) :i* ! pr9cely hospitality ( t anci5t mansion 0 disp5s$4 ,pr9cess ,lie*t5/e9 has also pres]v$ = u1 9 ,holl& ,h\se1 a *>m+ record ( _m ( ! hi/orical associations ( ?is fam\s old place4 ,!re are 9 ! h\se also _m objects ( great int]e/1 ( v>i\s p]iods1 :i*1 by ! c\rtesy ( ,lady ,il*e/]1 ! writ] has be5 all[$ to exam9e4 ,our bus9ess1 h[ev]1 is ) ! #ag? c5tury1 & we mu/ n[ return to a consid]ation ( ! furniture & woodwork ( t "t4 ,! ,holl& ,h\se ( ! "t ( ,james ,i4 0 comm5c$ 9 ! ye> #afjg1 z ,cope ,ca/le1 by ,sir ,walt] ,cope1 :o !n own$ ! ext5sive ,manor ( ,k5s+ton4 ,cope's daught] m>ri$ ,sir ,h5ry ,ri*1 :o became ,e>l ( ,holl& 9 #afbd1 & 0 execut$ by ! ,p>liam5t>ians 9 #afdi4 ,he x 0 :o add$ to ! h\se ! w+s & arcades4 ,pr9cess ,lie*t5/e9 tells u ! /ory ( ! solit>y gho/ ( its fir/ "l1 :o1 accord+ to tradition1 issues =? at midnight f beh9d a secret door1 & walks sl[ly ?r\gh ! sc5es ( 8 =m] triumph ) 8 head 9 8 h&4 ,!re is "s good old woodwork ( ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ! panell+ & *imney piece ( ! fam\s :ite p>l\r are ( ! times ( ,james ,i41 ! "w1 /ill 9 good pres]vation1 be+ 9 ! be/ ,jacobean ta/e4 ,! panels are =m$ by bold unc>v$ m\ld+s1 sep>at$ at int]vals by flat pila/]s ) flut$ %afts & c>v$ capitals2 ! panels 9 ! frieze1 betwe5 ! trusses1 :i* support a d5till$ cornice1 are enri*$ ) fretwork ornam5ts 9 relief1 & ! :ole has a simple b decorative ar*itectural effect ( ! be/ ,engli% r5d]+ ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! gilt room1 :]e ! gho/ is said to comm5ce its nocturnal prom5ade1 0 decorat$ by ,francesco ,cleyn1 an ,italian1 :o also work$ = ! ,k+4#i ,! room 0 prep>$ = a ball :i* 0 purpos$ to be giv5 9 honor ( ! m>riage ( ,pr9ce ,*>les to ,h5rietta ,m>ia4 ,!re are n[ on ! *ief /aircase ( ,holl& ,h\se1 two *airs ) _! backs c>v$ z %ells1 & ) legs %ap$ & ornam5t$ ) scrollwork1 & masks ) swags ( foliage1 :i* are also attribut$ to ,cleyn4 ,horace ,walpole1 9 a ref]5ce to ,holl& ,h\se1 has m5tion$ ^! *airs 9 ,anecdotes ( ,pa9t]s4 ,two *airs1 c>v$ & gilt1 ) l>ge %ells = backs 444 7 und\bt$ly f 8 designs1 & are evid5ces ( 8 ta/e4 ,walpole also m5tions a g>d5 seat ( simil> design by ,cleyn4 ,a draw+ ( "o ( ^! *airs =ms ! tail piece ( ?is *apt]4 ,!re is ano!r ,jacobean h\se ( consid]able int]e/1 ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,an acc\nt ( x has be5 writt5 by him1 & 0 read to "s memb]s ( ! ,surrey ,ar*ological ,society1 :o visit$ ,eagle ,h\se1 ,wimbl$on1 9 #ahij4 ,x appe>s to h be5 ! c\ntry seat ( a ,london m]*ant1 :o liv$ e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,mr4 ,jackson be>s witness to ! excell5ce ( ! workman%ip1 & expresses 8 op9ion t ! c>v$ & decorat$ enri*m5ts 7 execut$ by native & n by =eign craftsm54 ,he gives an illu/ration 9 8 pamphlet ( ! sunk ,/rap ,"w1 :i*1 ?\gh ,jacobean 9 its date1 is also f\nd 9 ! c>v$ ornam5t ( ,elizabe?'s "t4 ,x is v probable t _h ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 be5 less tr\bl\s1 ?is w\ld h be5 a "t ( mu* progress 9 ! dome/ic arts 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,que5 0 ( ! ,m$ici family1 ,italian lit]ature 0 9 vogue1 & ,italian arti/s !re=e w\ld probably h be5 enc\rag$ to come ov] & in/ruct our workm54 ,! ,k+ himself 0 an excell5t me*anic1 & boa/$ t he c\ld e>n 8 liv+ at almo/ any trade save ! mak+ ( hang+s4 ,8 fa!r _h e/abli%$ ! tape/ry works at ,mortlake2 he himself _h b\ght ! ,raffaelle ,c>toons to enc\rage ! "w--& mu* 0 to be hop$ f a mon>* :o _h ! ta/e & judgm5t to induce a ,v&yke to settle 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,civil w>1 :atev] x has a*iev$ = our lib]ty z subjects1 c]ta9ly h9d]$ by _m ye>s our progress z an arti/ic p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\*1 ,,arm ,,*air1 ,,& ,,s+le ,,*air4 ,c>v$ & ,gilt4 ,uphol/]$ 9 ,ri* ,silk ,velvet4 ,"p ( ,suite at ,p5%ur/ ,place4 ,also an ,italian ,cab9et4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,b to consid] "s ( ! furniture ( ?is p]iod 9 detail4 ,until ! sixte5? c5tury 0 well advanc$ ! ^w table 9 our language meant an index or pocket book 7tablets71 or a li/1 n an article ( furniture4 ,! table 01 z we h notic$ 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 compos$ ( bo>ds g5]ally h+$ 9 ! middle = conv5i5ce ( /orage1 & support$ on tre/les :i* 7 sometimes ornam5t$ by c>v$ "w4 ,! ^w tre/le1 by ! way1 is said to be d]iv$ f ! ?re/ule1 i4e41 ?ree-foot$ supports1 & ^! ?ree-legg$ /ools & b5*es =m$ 9 ^? days ! seats = ev]yone except ! ma/] ( ! h\se4 ,*airs 71 z we h se51 sc>ce articles2 sometimes !re 0 only "o1 a ?rone-l seat = an hon\r$ gue/ or = ! ma/] or mi/ress ( ! h\se1 & d\btless our pres5t phrase ( tak+ ! *air is a survival ( ! high place a *air !n held among/ ! h\sehold gods ( a g5tleman's mansion4 ,%akespe>e possibly _h ! bo>ds & tre/les 9 8 m9d :51 ab\t #aeif1 he wrote 9 ,romeo & ,juliet-- ,come1 musicians1 play6 ,a hall6 a hall6 give room & foot x1 girls ,m light1 ye knaves1 & turn ! tables up ,& z ! sc5e 9 ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,f\r? is plac$ "s ye>s e>li] ?an t ( ,romeo & ,juliet1 x is probable t table _h !n its e>li] mean+1 = ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york is made to say3-- 444 ,! ,k+ is we>y ,( da9ty & su* pick+ grievances2 ,&1 !re=e1 w he wipe 8 tables clean1 ,& keep no tell-tale to 8 memory4 ,mr4 ,maskell1 9 8 h&book on ,ivories1 tells u t ! ^w table 0 also us$1 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 to d5ote ! religi\s c>v+s & pa9t+s 9 *ur*es2 & he quotes ,*auc] to %[ t ! ^w 0 also us$ to describe ! game ( draughts4 ,!y danc5 & !y play at *ess & tables4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 at ! "t ( :i* we are writ+1 *airs 7 becom+ m pl5tiful & ! table 0 a def9ite article ( furniture4 ,9 inv5tories ( ! "t & = "s tw5ty ye>s previ\s1 z has be5 already notic$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 we f9d m5tion ( joyn$ table1 fram$ table1 /&+ & dormant table1 & ! ^w bo>d _h gradually disappe>$4 ,x rema9s to u1 h[ev]1 z a s\v5ir ( ! pa/1 9 ! "n we /ill give to a body ( m5 meet+ = ! transaction ( bus9ess1 &1 9 connection ) social life1 9 ! phrase ! fe/ive bo>d4 ,! wid? ( ^! e>li] tables _h be5 ab\t #cj in*es1 & gue/s sat on "o side only1 ) _! backs to ! wall1 9 ord]1 x may be suppos$1 to be ! m ready to resi/ any sudd5 raid :i* might be made on ! h\se dur+ ! relaxation ( ! supp] h\r1 & ?is cu/om rema9$ 9 use long aft] !re 0 any necessity = its obs]vance4 ,9 ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,fir/ ! wid? 0 increas$1 & a contrivance 0 introduc$ = d\bl+ ! area ( ! top :5 requir$1 by draw+ out two flaps f ei!r end1 & by means ( a w$ge-%ap$ arrangem5t1 ! c5tre or ma9 table top 0 l[]$1 & ! :ole table1 ?us increas$1 became level4 ,illu/rations tak5 f ,mr4 ,g4 ,t4 ,rob9son's article on furniture 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal ( #ahha1 repres5t a ,draw+e table1 :i* 0 ! "n by :i* ^! late/ improvem5ts 7 kn[n4 ,! black l9es 7 ( /a9$ pe> tree1 let into ! oak3 ! acorn %ap$ memb] ( ! leg is an import$ ,dut* design1 :i* became v common ab\t ?is "t1 & 0 appli$ to ! supports ( cab9ets1 sometimes z 9 ! illu/ration1 pla9ly turn$1 b frequ5tly c>v$4 ,ano!r table ( ?is p]iod 0 ! fold+ table1 :i* 0 made ) twelve1 sixte51 or ) tw5ty legs1 is %ewn 9 ! illu/ration ( ?is example1 & :i*1 z its "n implies1 w\ld %ut up into ab\t "o ?ird ( its ext5d$ size4 ,!re is "o ( ^! tables 9 ! ,/ation]s' ,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fold+ ,,table ,,at ,,p5%ur/ ,,place4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,to ,,james ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+e ,,table ,,) ,,black ,,l9es ,,inlaid4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,x 0 probably 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury t ! ,c\* became kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 n common1 nor q 9 ! =m 9 :i* we n[ recognize t luxuri\s article ( furniture1 b 0 probably a c>v$ oak settle1 ) cu%ions s arrang$ z to =m a re/+ l\nge by day4 ,%akespe>e speaks ( ! bran*'d velvet g[n ( ,malvolio hav+ come f a day b$1 & !re is also an allusion to "o 9 ,ri*>d ,,iii4#aj ,illu/ration3 ,,!odore ,,hook',s ,,*air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scr[l$ ,,*air ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,9 a volume ( ,notes & ,qu]ies !re is a note :i* w\ld %ew t ! lady's w>drobe ( ?is "t 7#afbb7 0 a v primitive article ( furniture4 ,m5tion is made !re ( a li/ ( articles ( we>+ app>el belong+ to a c]ta9 ,lady ,elizabe? ,morgan1 si/] to ,sir ,na?aniel ,ri*1 :i*1 accord+ to ! old docum5t !re quot$1 dat$ ! #ac? day ( ,novemb]1 #afbb1 are to be f\nd 9 a great b>'d *e/ 9 my ,ladie's ,b$*amb]4 ,to judge f ?is li/1 ,lady ,morgan 0 a p]son ( fa%ion 9 ^? days4 ,we may also take x = grant$ t beyond ! b$/ead1 a prie-dieu *air1 a b5*1 "s *e/s1 & ! indisp5sable mirror1 !re 0 n mu* else ) :i* to furni% a lady's b$room 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i4 or t ( 8 successor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,us$ ,,by ,,k+ ,,*>les ,i4 ,,dur+ ,,8 ,,trial4 ,! long settle & scr[l$ *air 7 two o!r k9ds ( seats 9 use f ! "t ( ,*>les ,i4 to t ( ,james ,,ii4 ,! illu/rations are tak5 f au!nticat$ specim5s 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,dalton1 ( ,sc>bor\gh4 ,!y are mo/ probably ( ,york%ire manufacture1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ornam5t 9 ! panel ( ! back ( ! *air is inlaid ) box or a%1 /a9$ to a gre5i% black to repres5t gre5 ebony1 & ) a few small pieces ( ri* r$ wood !n 9 great fav\r4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,t4 ,rob9son1 to ^: article m5tion$ above we are indebt$ = ! description1 says t ?is wood 0 probably br\ght by "s buccane] f ! ,we/4 ,he also m5tions ano!r *air ( ! ,/u>t p]iod1 :i* =m$ a table1 & subsequ5tly became ! prop]ty ( ,!odore ,hook1 :o c>efully pres]v$ its p$igree4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by its late own]1 ,mr4 ,godw91 editor ( ,! ,build]4 ,a woodcut ( ?is *air is on page #ajg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,settle ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,probably made 9 ,york%ire4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,ano!r *air to :i* !re is an hi/orical int]e/ atta*$ is t 9 :i* ,*>les ,i4 sat dur+ 8 trial2 ?is 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,/u>t ,exhibition 9 ,london 9 #ahhi4 ,! illu/ration on page #ajh is tak5 f a pr9t 9 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news ( ! "t4 ,9 addition to ! *airs ( oak1 c>v$1 inlaid1 & pla91 :i* 7 9 "s cases r5d]$ m com=table by hav+ cu%ions ti$ to ! backs & seats1 ! uphol/]$ *air1 :i* we h se5 _h be5 br\ght f ,v5ice 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! reign ( ,james ,i41 n[ came into g5]al use4 ,few h surviv$1 b !re are /ill to be se5 9 pictures ( ! p]iod1 *airs repres5t$ z cov]$ ) crimson velvet1 /udd$ ) brass nails1 ! seat be+ trimm$ ) fr+e1 simil> to t at ,knole1 illu/rat$ on page #ajj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*air4 ,said to h be5 us$ by "s ( ,cromwell's family4 7,! orig9al 9 ! possession ( ,t4 ,kn[les ,p>r1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*air1 ,,jacobean ,,/yle4 7,! orig9al 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,!re is 9 ! ,hi/orical ,portrait ,gall]y 9 ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum1 a pa9t+ by an unkn[n arti/1 b dat$ #afdb1 ( ,sir ,william ,l5?all1 :o 0 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ! memorable occasion :51 on ! #d? ( ,janu>y 9 t ye>1 ,*>les ,i4 ent]$ ! ,h\se to dem& ! surr5d] ( ! five memb]s4 ,! *air on :i* ,sir ,william is seat$ answ]s ?is description1 & is v simil> to ! "o us$ by ,*>les ,i4 7illu/rat$ on page #ajh74 ,! importation ( sc>ce =eign woods gave an impetus to inlaid "w 9 ,engl&1 :i* _h be5 crude & r\gh 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?4 ,9 ! m>quet]ie ( ,italy1 ,france1 ,holl&1 ,g]many1 & ,spa91 consid]able excell5ce _h already be5 atta9$4 ,mahogany _h be5 discov]$ by ,raleigh z e>ly z #aeie1 b did n come into g5]al use until ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahia1 ow+ to ! ext5sion ( ! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway premises at ,bi%opsgate ,/reet1 an old h\se ( antiqu>ian int]e/ 0 pull$ d[n1 & g5]\sly pres5t$ by ! ,company to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,?is has be5 erect$ s z to enable ! visitor to see a good example ( ! ext]ior z well z "s ( ! int]ior woodwork ( a qua9t h\se ( ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 ! resid5ce ( ,sir ,paul ,p9d>1 dur+ ! "t ( ,*>les ,i41 & x conta9$ a c>v$ oak *imneypiece1 ) "s o!r good ornam5tal woodwork ( ?is p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/aircase ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,ireton',s ,,h\se1 ,,dat$ #afcj4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( a *ild's *air1 :i* is said to h be5 us$ by "s ( ,cromwell's family1 c be se5 an example ( c>v$ oak ( ?is "t2 x 0 l5t to ! writ] by its pres5t own]1 9 ^: family x is an heirloom1 "o ( 8 ance/ors hav+ m>ri$ ! ,protector's daught]4 ,! ornam5t has no p>ticul> /yle1 & x may be tak5 = grant$ t ! p]iod ( ! ,commonweal? 0 n m>k$ by any progress 9 decorative ,art4 ,! illu/ration ( a /aircase on p4 #aaj proves t !re 7 exceptions to ! preval5t ,puritan objection to figure ornam5t4 ,9 "o ( ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall's pap]s1 ,pilgrimages to ,engli% ,%r9es1 contribut$ 9 #ahdi to ,! ,art ,j\rnal1 %e describes ! int]ior ( ! h\se :i* 0 built = ,bridget1 ! ,protector's daught]1 :o m>ri$ ,g5]al ,ireton4 ,! h&some oak /aircase _h ! newels surm\nt$ by c>v$ figures1 repres5t+ diff]5t grades ( m5 9 ! ,g5]al's army--a capta91 common soldi]1 pip]1 drumm]1 etc41 etc41 :ile ! spaces betwe5 ! balu/rades 7 fill$ 9 ) devices emblematical ( w>f>e1 ! ceil+ be+ decorat$ 9 ! fa%ion ( ! p]iod4 ,at ! "t ,mrs4 ,hall wrote1 ! h\se bore ,cromwell's "n & ! date #afcj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,settee ,,& ,,*air4 ,9 c>v$ ebony1 "p ( ! ,indo-,portuguese ,suite at ,p5%ur/ ,place1 ) ,flemi% ,fold+ ,*air4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,we may date f ! ,commonweal? ! m g5]al use ( *airs2 p sat z !y *ose1 & no long] reg>d$ ! *air z ! "l's place4 ,a /yle ( *air we /ill recognise z ,cromwellian 0 import$ f ,holl& ab\t ?is "t--pla9 squ>e backs & seats cov]$ ) br[n lea!r1 /udd$ ) brass nails4 ,! legs1 :i* are n[ g5]ally turn$ ) a spiral twi/1 7 9 ,cromwell's "t pla9 & simple4 ,! resid5ce ( ,*>les ,,ii4 abroad _h accu/om$ him & 8 fri5ds to ! mu* m luxuri\s furniture ( ,france & ,holl&4 ,) ! ,re/oration came a =eign ,que51 a =eign ,c\rt1 ,fr5* mann]s1 & ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,cab9ets1 *airs1 tables1 & c\*es 7 import$ into ,engl& f ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,france1 ,spa91 & ,portugal2 & our craftsm5 pr(it$ by new ideas & new patt]ns1 & :at 0 ( equal consequ5ce1 an increas$ dem& = decorative articles ( furniture4 ,! ,k+ ( ,portugal _h c$$ ,bombay1 "o ( ! ,portuguese ,indian ,/ations1 to ! new ,que5 ( ,engl&1 & !re is a *air ( ?is ,indo-,portuguese "w1 c>v$ 9 ebony1 n[ 9 ! ,museum at ,ox=d1 :i* 0 giv5 by ,*>les ,,ii4 ei!r to ,elias ,a%mole or to ,evelyn4 ,! *air is v simil> to "o at ,p5%ur/2 x is gr\p$ ) a settee ( l design1 toge!r ) a small fold+ *air :i* ,mr4 ,g4 ,t4 ,rob9son1 9 8 article on ,seats1 has describ$ z ,italian1 b :i* we take ! lib]ty ( pron\nc+ to be ,flemi%1 judg+ by a simil> "o n[ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,9 connection ) ?is ,indo-,portuguese furniture1 x w\ld seem t spiral turn+ became kn[n & fa%ionable 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 & 9 "s *airs ( ,engli% make1 :i* h come "u ! writ]'s notice1 ! legs h be5 c>v$ to imitate ! effects ( spiral turn+--an am\nt ( sup]flu\s lab\r :i* w\ld sc>cely h be5 incurr$1 b = ! fact t ! c\ntry h\se-c>p5t] ( ?is "t _h an import$ model1 :i* he copi$1 )\t kn[+ h[ to produce by means ( ! la! ! effect :i* _h j come into fa%ion4 ,!re are1 too1 9 c]ta9 illu/rations 9 ,%aw's ,anci5t ,furniture1 "s lamp-hold]s1 9 :i* ?is spiral turn+ is ov]done1 a fault :i* is frequ5tly to be met ) :5 any p>ticul> k9d ( ornam5t comes into vogue4 ,! suite ( furniture at ,p5%ur/ ,place 7illu/rat$71 :i* comprises ?irte5 pieces1 0 probably import$ ab\t ?is "t2 two ( ! small] *airs appe> to h _! orig9al cu%ions1 ! o!rs h be5 re-cov]$ by ! late ,"l de l',isle & ,dudley4 ,! sp9dles ( ! backs ( two ( ! *airs are ( ivory2 ! c>v+1 :i* is 9 solid ebony1 is mu* f9] on "s ?an on o!rs4 ,we ga!r a good deal ( in=mation ab\t ! furniture ( ?is p]iod f ! fam\s di>y ( ,evelyn4 ,he ?us describes ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 z x appe>$ to him at ! "t ( its prep>ation = ! reception ( ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza1 ! bride ( ,*>les ,,ii41 :o sp5t ! royal honeymoon 9 ?is hi/oric build+1 :i* _h 9 its "t %elt]$ = _! brief spans ( fav\r ! six wives ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 & ! sickly boyhood ( ,edw>d ,,vi43-- ,x is z noble & uni=m a pile z ,go?ic ar*itecture c make x4 ,!re is incomp>able furniture 9 x1 especially hang+s design$ by ,raphael1 v ri* ) gold4 ,( ! tape/ries ,i believe ! _w c %[ no?+ nobl] ( ! k9d ?an ! /ories ( ,abraham & ,tobit4#aa444 ,! ,que5's b$ 0 an embroid]y ( silv] on crimson velvet1 & co/ #h1jjj1 be+ a pres5t made by ! ,/ates ( ,holl& :5 8 ,maje/y return$4 ,! great look+-glass & toilet ( beat5 massive gold 7 giv5 by ! ,que5 ,"m4 ,! ,que5 br\ght ov] ) h] f ,portugal su* ,indian cab9ets z _h nev] be=e be5 se5 "h4 ,evelyn wrote1 ( c\rse1 be=e ,wr5 made 8 ,r5aissance additions to ! ,palace4 ,aft] ! ,great ,fire1 :i* occurr$ 9 #afff1 & de/roy$ "s #ac1jjj h\ses1 & no less ?an #hi *ur*es1 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 0 giv5 an opportunity1 unprec$5t$ 9 hi/ory1 ( display+ 8 p[] ( design & recon/ruction4 ,writ+ ( ?is great ar*itect1 ,macaulay says1 ,! au/]e beauty ( ! ,a!nian portico1 ! gloomy sublimity ( ! ,go?ic arcade1 he 01 l mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 incapable ( emulat+1 & p]haps incapable ( appreciat+2 b no man born on our side ( ! ,alps has imitat$ ) s mu* success ! magnific5ce ( ! palace *ur*es ( ,italy4 ,ev5 ! sup]b ,l\is ,,xiv4 has left to po/]ity no "w :i* c be> a comp>ison ) ,/4 ,paul's4 ,illu/ration3 ,s$es1 ecce tibi6 qu tot produxit alumnos1 ,quot gremio nutrit ,granta1 quot ,isis habet4 ,f ! ,orig9al by ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 pres5t$ to ,d4 ,busby by ,k+ ,*>les4 ,,s$es ,,busbiana4 ,f a ,pr9t 9 ! possession ( ,j4 ,c4 ,,?ynne1 ,esq4 ,,p]iod3 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,wr5's great ma/]piece 0 comm5c$ 9 #afge1 & complet$ 9 #agaj1 & its build+ !re=e cov]s a p]iod ( #ce ye>s1 c>ry+ u ?r\gh ! reigns ( ,james ,,ii41 ,william ,,iii4 & ,m>y1 & well on to ! end ( ,anne's reign4 ,! admirable "w :i* he did dur+ ?is "t1 & :i* has effect$ s mu* = ! adornm5t ( our ,metropolis1 _h a m>k$ influ5ce on ! ornam5tal woodwork ( ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury3 9 ! additions :i* he made to ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 9 ,b[ ,*ur*1 9 ! ,hospitals ( ,gre5wi* & ( ,*elsea1 !re is a sumptu\sness ( ornam5t 9 /one & m>ble1 :i* %ew ! influ5ce ex]cis$ on 8 m9d by ! desire to rival ! gr&eur ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ! ,f\nta9 ,c\rt at ,hampton be+ 9 direct imitation ( ! ,palace ( ,v]sailles4 ,! c>v$ woodwork ( ! *oir ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ) flut$ columns support+ a c>v$ frieze2 ! ri*ly c>v$ panels1 & ! beautiful figure "w on bo? organ l(ts1 af=d evid5ce t ! oak enri*m5ts foll[$ ! m>ble & /one ornam5t4 ,! swags ( fruit & fl[]s1 ! *]ubs' heads ) fold$ w+s1 & o!r details 9 ,wr5's "w1 closely resemble ! designs execut$ by ,gibbons1 ^: c>v+ w be notic$ lat] on4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t among/ ! few *ur*es 9 ! city :i* escap$ ! ,great ,fire1 & conta9$ woodwork ( p>ticul> note1 are ,/4 ,hel5's1 ,bi%opsgate1 & ! ,*>t]h\se ,*apel1 :i* conta9 ! orig9al pulpits ( ab\t ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! fam\s ,dr4 ,busby1 :o = #ee ye>s 0 head ma/] ( ,we/m9/] ,s*ool1 0 a great fav\rite ( ,k+ ,*>les1 & a picture1 pa9t$ by ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 is said to h be5 pres5t$ to ! ,doctor by ,8 ,maje/y2 x is call$ ,s$es ,busbiana4 ,pr9ts f ?is old picture are sc>ce1 & ! writ] is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,john ,c4 ,?ynne = ! loan ( 8 copy1 f :i* ! illu/ration is tak54 ,! portrait 9 ! c5tre1 ( ! ,p$agogue aspir+ to ! mitre1 is t ( ,dr4 ,s\?1 :o succe$$ ,busby1 & ^: monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey is next to 84 ,! illu/ration is int]e/+1 z al?\gh x may n h be5 actually tak5 f a *air itself1 x %ews a design 9 ! m9d ( a contempor>y arti/4 ,( ! ,halls ( ! ,city ,guilds1 !re is none m qua9t1 & 9 great] contra/ to ! bu/le ( ! neighb\rhood1 ?an ! ,hall ( ! ,brew]s' ,company1 9 ,addle ,/reet1 ,city4 ,?is 0 p>tially de/roy$1 l mo/ ( ! old] ,halls1 by ! ,great ,fire1 b 0 "o ( ! fir/ to be re/or$ & refurni%$4 ,9 ! kit*5 are /ill to be se5 ! rema9s ( an old tre/le1 & o!r relics ( an e>li] p]iod1 b ! hall or d9+ room1 & ! ,c\rt ,room1 are complete1 ) v slight additions1 s9ce ! date ( _! int]ior equipm5t 9 #afgj to #afgc4 ,! ,c\rt ,room has a ri*ly c>v$ *imney piece 9 oak1 ne>ly black ) age1 ! design ( :i* is a %ield ) a w+$ head1 palms1 & swags ( fruit & fl[]s1 :ile on ! %ield itself is an inscription1 /at+ t ?is room 0 wa9scot$ by ,ald]man ,knight1 ,ma/] ( ! ,company1 & ,"l ,mayor ( ! ,city ( ,london1 9 ! ye> #afgj4 ,! room itself is exce$+ly qua9t ) its high wa9scot+ & w9d[s1 rem9d+ "o ( ! por?oles ( a %ip's cab91 :ile ! *ief w9d[ looks out on to ! old-fa%ion$ g>d51 giv+ ! behold] altoge!r a pleas+ illusion1 c>ry+ him back to ! days ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! *ief room or ,hall is /ill m h&somely decorat$ ) c>v$ oak ( ?is "t4 ,! actual date1 #afgc1 is ov] ! doorway on a tablet :i* be>s ! names1 9 ! lett]s ( ! p]iod1 ( ! ma/]1 ,james ,read+1 ,esq41 & ! w>d5s1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,lawr5ce1 ,mr4 ,samuel ,b>b]1 & ,mr4 ,h5ry ,sell4 ,! names ( o!r ma/]s & w>d5s are also writt5 ov] ! c>v$ escut*eons ( _! respective arms1 & ! :ole room is "o ( ! be/ specim5s 9 exi/5ce ( ! oak c>v+ ( ?is date4 ,at ! we/]n end is ! ,ma/]'s *air1 ( :i* by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,higg9s1 ,cl]k to ! ,company1 we are able to give an illu/ration on page #aae2 ! %ield-%ap$ back1 ! c>v$ drap]y1 & ! coat-(-arms ) ! company's motto1 are all *>act]i/ic features1 z are also ! ,cor9?ian columns & ar*$ p$im5ts 9 ! oak decorations ( ! room4 ,! brok5 swan-neck$ p$im5t1 :i* surm\nts ! cornice ( ! room ov] ! *air1 is probably a m rec5t addition1 ?is ornam5t hav+ come 9 ab\t ?irty ye>s lat]4 ,!re are also ! old d9+ tables & b5*es3 ^! are z pla9 & simple z possible4 ,9 ! ,c\rt ,room is a table1 :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,company's b>ge2 x has "s good inlaid "w 9 ! arcad+ :i* connects ! two end /&>ds1 & "s old c>v$ lions' feet2 ! top & o!r p>ts h be5 r5ew$4 ,!re is also an old oak fire-scre5 ( ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,ano!r city hall1 ! int]ior woodwork ( :i* dates f j aft] ! ,great ,fire1 is t ( ! ,/ation]s' ,company1 9 ,ave ,m>ia ,lane1 close to ,ludgate ,hill4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob]t ,riv+ton1 ! pres5t ,cl]k to ! ,company1 has writt5 a pamphlet1 full ( v int]e/+ records ( ?is anci5t & wor%ipful corporation1 f :i* ! foll[+ p>agraph is a quotation3--,! fir/ meet+ ( ! c\rt aft] ! fire1 0 held at ,cook's ,hall1 & ! subsequ5t c\rts1 until ! hall 0 re-built1 at ! ,lame ,hospital ,hall1 i4e41 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital4 ,9 #afgj a committee 0 appo9t$ to re-build ! hall2 & 9 #afgd ! ,c\rt agre$ ) ,/eph5 ,coll$ge 7! fam\s ,prote/ant jo9]1 :o 0 aft]w>ds hang$ at ,ox=d 9 #afha7 to wa9scot ! hall ') well-season$ & well-mat*$ wa9scot1 accord+ to a model deliv]$ 9 = ! sum ( #cjj4' ,8 "w is n[ to be se5 9 excell5t condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ma/]',s ,,*air4 ,hall ( ! ,brew]s' ,company4 7,f a p5 & ink sket* by ,h4 ,evans47 ,mr4 ,riv+ton read 8 pap] to ! ,london & ,middlesex ,ar*ological ,society 9 #ahha2 & ! writ] c ) pleasure confirm 8 /atem5t z to ! condition1 9 #ahii1 ( ?is f9e specim5 ( sev5te5? c5tury "w4 ,less ornate & elaborate ?an ! ,brew]s' ,hall1 ! panels are only slightly reliev$ ) c>v$ m\ld+s2 b ! end ( ! room1 or ma9 entrance1 opposite ! place ( ! old das 7long s9ce remov$71 is some:at simil> to t 9 ! ,brew]s' ,hall1 & pres5ts a f9e ar*itectural effect1 :i* w be obs]v$ 9 ! illu/ration on page #aag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,liv]y ,,cupbo>d4 ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,/ation]s' ,company4 ,made 9 #afgd1 ! curv$ p$im5t add$ lat]1 probably 9 #aghh4 ,!re is above an illu/ration ( "o ( ! two liv]y cupbo>ds1 :i* =m]ly /ood on ! das1 & ^! are good examples ( ! cupbo>ds = display ( plate ( ?is p]iod4 ,! l[] "p 0 =m]ly ! receptacle = unus$ vi&s1 :i* 7 di/ribut$ to ! poor aft] ! fea/4 ,9 _! orig9al /ate ^! liv]y cupbo>ds f9i%$ ) a /raight cornice1 ! brok5 p$im5ts ) ! eagle 7! ,company's cre/7 hav+ mo/ probably be5 add$ :5 ! ,hall 01 to quote an inscription on a %ield1 repair$ & beautifi$ 9 ! mayoralty ( ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,william ,gill1 9 ! ye> #aghh1 :5 ,mr4 ,?omas ,hooke 0 ,ma/]1 & ,mr4 ,field & ,mr4 ,riv+ton 7! pres5t ,cl]k's gr&fa!r7 ,w>d5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arm ,,*airs4 ,*air uphol/]$ 9 ,spitalfields silk4 ,,hampton ,,c\rt ,,palace4 ,c>v$ & uphol/]$ ,*air4 ,,h>dwick ,,hall4 ,*air uphol/]$ 9 ,spitalfields silk4 ,,knole1 ,,sev5oaks4 ,,p]iod3 ,,william ,,iii4 ,,to ,,que5 ,,anne4 ,!re is /ill pres]v$ 9 a lumb] room "o ( ! old b5*es ( sev5te5? c5tury "w--n[ replac$ 9 ! hall by mod]n fold+ *airs4 ,?is is ( oak1 ) turn$ skittle-%ap$ legs slant+ outw>ds1 & connect$ & /r5g!n$ by pla9 /ret*]s4 ,! old tables are /ill 9 _! orig9al places4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,scre54 ,9 ! ,hall ( ! ,/ation]s' ,company1 erect$ 9 #afgd3 ! ,royal ,coat ( ,arms has be5 s9ce add$4 ,ano!r example ( sev5te5? c5tury oak panell+ is ! h&some *apel ( ! ,m]c]s' ,hall--! only city ,company possess+ _! own *apel--b only ! l9+ ( ! walls & ! r]$os are ( ! orig9al "w1 ! rema9d] hav+ be5 add$ "s t5 or twelve ye>s ago1 :5 "s ( ! orig9al c>v+ 0 made use ( 9 ! new "w4 ,inde$1 9 ?is magnific5t hall1 ab\t ! mo/ spaci\s ( ! old ,city ,corporation ,palaces1 !re is a great deal ( new "w mix$ ) old--new *imney pieces & old ov]mantels--"s ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons' c>v$ enri*m5ts1 s pa9t$ & v>ni%$ z to h lo/ mu* ( _! "*2 ^! h be5 appli$ to ! oak panels 9 ! l>ge d9+ hall4 ,! woodwork l9+ ( liv+ rooms _h be5 und]go+ *anges s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! p]iod ( :i* we are n[ writ+4 ,9 #afch a man nam$ ,*ri/oph] _h tak5 out a pat5t = enamell+ & gild+ lea!r1 :i* 0 us$ z a wall decoration ov] ! oak panell+4 ,?is decorat$ lea!r _h hi!rto be5 import$ f ,holl& & ,spa92 :5 ?is 0 n us$1 & tape/ry1 :i* 0 v exp5sive1 0 n obta9able1 ! pla/] 0 r\ghly ornam5t$4 ,some:at lat] ?an ?is1 pictures 7 let into ! wa9scot to =m "p ( ! decoration1 = 9 #affi ,evelyn1 :5 writ+ ( ! h\se ( ! ,e>l ( ,norwi*1 9 ,epp+ ,=e/1 says1 ,a good _m pictures put into ! wa9scot :i* ,mr4 ,bak]1 8 lord%ip's pr$ecessor1 br\ght f ,spa9e4 ,inde$1 subsequ5tly ! wa9scot became simply ! frame = pictures1 & ! same writ] deplores ! disuse ( timb]1 & expresses 8 op9ion t a sumptu>y law ought to be pass$ to re/ore ! anci5t use ( timb]4 ,al?\gh no law 0 enact$ on ! subject1 yet1 "s tw5ty ye>s lat]1 ! :irligig ( fa%ion br\ght ab\t ! revival ( ! cu/om ( l9+ rooms ) oak panell+4 ,x is said t ab\t #afgj ,evelyn f\nd ,gr9l+ ,gibbons 9 a small ?at*$ h\se on ! outskirts ( ,dept=d1 & introduc$ him to ! ,k+1 :o gave him an appo9tm5t on ! ,bo>d ( ,works1 & patronis$ him ) ext5sive ord]s4 ,! "* ( 8 c>v+ is well kn[n2 g5]ally us+ lime-tree z ! vehicle ( 8 designs1 8 life-l birds & fl[]s1 gr\ps ( fruit1 & heads ( *]ubs1 are easily recognis$4 ,"o ( ! rooms 9 ,w9dsor ,ca/le is decorat$ ) ! "w ( 8 *isel1 :i* c also be se5 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 ,*atswor?1 ,burleigh1 & p]haps 8 be/1 9 ,petwor? ,h\se1 9 ,sussex4 ,he also sculptur$ 9 /one4 ,! base ( ,k+ ,*>les' /atue at ,w9dsor1 ! font ( ,/4 ,james'1 ,piccadilly 7r\nd ! base ( :i* are figures ( ,adam & ,eve71 are 8 "w1 z is also ! lime-tree bord] ( fe/oon "w ov] ! ,communion table4 ,gibbons 0 an ,engli%man1 b appe>s to h sp5t 8 boyhood 9 ,holl&1 :]e he 0 *ri/5$ ,gr9l+4 ,he di$ 9 #agba4 ,8 pupils 7 ,samuel ,watson1 a ,d]by%ire man1 :o did mu* ( ! c>v$ "w at ,*atswor?1 ,drevot ( ,brussels1 & ,lawreans ( ,me*l94 ,gibbons & 8 pupils f\nd$ a s*ool ( c>v+ 9 ,engl& :i* has be5 cont9u$ by tradition to ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,furniture ,,at ,,knole4 7,f a ,photo by ,mr4 ,corke1 ( ,sev5oaks47 ,a some:at important immigration ( ,fr5* workm5 occurr$ ab\t ?is "t1 ow+ to ! p]secutions ( ,prote/ants 9 ,france1 :i* foll[$ ! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 9 #afhe1 by ,l\is ,,xiv41 & ^! refugees br++ ) !m _! skill1 _! patt]ns & ideas1 influ5c$ ! c>v+ ( our ornam5tal frames1 & ! designs ( "s ( our furniture4 ,?is influ5ce is to be trac$ 9 "s ( ! cont5ts ( ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! c>v$ & gilt c5tre tables & ! tor*res ( ,fr5* design b ( ,engli% workman%ip4 ,x is said t no less ?an #ej1jjj families left ,france1 "s ?\s&s ( :om belong$ to ! indu/rial classes1 & settl$ 9 ,engl& & ,g]many1 :]e _! desc5dants /ill rema94 ,!y introduc$ ! manufacture ( cry/al *&eli]s1 & f\nd$ our ,spitalfields silk indu/ry1 & o!r trades till !n little practis$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! beautiful silv] furniture at ,knole belongs to ?is "t1 hav+ be5 made = "o ( ! ,e>ls ( ,dorset1 9 ! reign ( ,james ,,ii4 ,! illu/ration is f a photograph tak5 by ,mr4 ,corke1 ( ,sev5oaks4 ,electrotypes ( ! orig9als are 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,f two o!r suites at ,knole1 consi/+ ( a look+ glass1 a table1 & a pair ( tor*res1 9 ! "o case ( pla9 walnut wood1 & 9 ! o!r ( ebony ) silv] m\nt+s1 x w\ld appe> t a toilet suite ( furniture ( ! "t ( ,james ,,ii4 g5]ally consi/$ ( articles m or less co/ly1 accord+ to circum/ances1 b ( a simil> patt]n to ^? %ewn 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! silv] table be>s ! ,engli% ,hall m>k ( ! reign4 ,specim5s ( ,engli% furniture1 dat+ f ab\t #afhj to #agjj1 di/9ctly %ew ! influ5ce ( ,flemi% design4 ,! ,/ad?old]1 ,k+ ,william ,,iii41 ) 8 ,dut* fri5ds1 import$ _m ( _! h\sehold gods1 & our ,engli% craftsm5 seem to h copi$ ^! v closely4 ,! *airs & settees 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 h ! %ap$ back1 ) a wide inlaid or c>v$ upright b>2 ! cabriole leg & ! c>v$ %ell ornam5t on ! knee ( ! leg1 & on ! top ( ! back1 :i* are /ill to be se5 9 _m ( ! old ,dut* h\ses4 ,!re are a few examples ( furniture ( ?is date1 :i* x is almo/ impossible to di/+ui% f ,flemi%1 b 9 "s o!rs !re is a *>act]i/ic decoration 9 m>quet]ie1 :i* may be describ$ z a seawe$ scroll 9 holly or box wood1 inlaid on a pale walnut gr\nd4 ,a good example ( ?is is to be se5 9 ! upright gr&fa!r's clock 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ! effect be+ a pleas+ h>mony ( color4 ,9 ! same collection !re is also a walnut wood c5tre table1 dat+ f ab\t #agjj1 :i* has twi/$ legs & a /ret*]1 ! top be+ inlaid ) int]sect+ circles1 reliev$ by ! inlay ( "s />s 9 ivory4 ,z we h obs]v$ ) reg>d to ,fr5* furniture ( ?is "t1 mirrors came m g5]ally into use1 & ! frames 7 bo? c>v$ & inlaid4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 all ) bevell$ edg$ plate glass2 "s h frames entirely ( glass1 ! %ort l5g?s :i* make ! frame hav+1 9 "s cases1 ! jo9ts cov]$ by rosettes ( blue glass1 & 9 o!rs a n>r[ m\ld+ ( gilt "w on ea* side ( ! frame4 ,9 "o room 7! ,que5's ,gall]y7 ! frames are pa9t$ 9 colors & reliev$ by a little gild+4 ,! ta/e = import+ old ,dut* furniture1 also lacqu] cab9ets f ,japan1 n only gave relief to ! appe>ance ( a well furni%$ ap>tm5t ( ?is "t1 b also br\ght new ideas to our design]s & workm54 ,our collectors1 too1 7 at ?is "t appreciat+ ! ,ori5tal *9a1 bo? blue & :ite1 & color$1 :i* _h a good m>ket 9 ,holl&1 s t ) ! excell5t silv]smi?'s "w !n obta9able1 x 0 possible 9 ! "t ( ,william & ,m>y to arrange a room ) m arti/ic effect ?an at an e>li] p]iod1 :5 ! tape/ry & panell+ ( ! ! walls1 a table1 ! liv]y cupbo>d previ\sly describ$1 & "s ?ree or f\r *airs1 _h =m$ almo/ ! :ole furniture ( reception rooms4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( corn] cupbo>ds appe>s to h be5 made 9 an adv]tisem5t ( a ,dut* jo9] 9 ,! ,po/man ( ,m>* #h?1 #agaa2 ^! cupbo>ds1 ) _! c>v$ p$im5ts1 be+ "p ( ! mod]n fitt+s ( a room ( ! "t ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,! oak presses common to ?is & e>li] times are =m$ ( an upp] & l[] "p1 ! =m] sometimes be+ ?ree sides ( an octagon ) ! top support$ by columns1 :ile ! l[] half is /raight1 & ! :ole is c>v$ ) incis$ ornam5t4 ,^! useful articles ( furniture1 9 ! abs5ce ( w>drobes1 are describ$ 9 inv5tories ( ! "t 7#afhj-agbj7 z press cupbo>ds1 great cupbo>ds1 wa9scot1 & joyn$ cupbo>ds4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( a ,bu][1 z our mod]n ^w ,bureau 0 !n spelt1 is said by ,dr4 ,lyon1 9 8 ,am]ican book1 ,! ,colonial ,furniture ( ,new ,engl&1 to h occurr$ 9 an adv]tisem5t 9 ,! ,daily ,po/ ( ,janu>y #d?1 #agbg4 ,! same au?or quotes ,bailey's ,diction>ium ,britannicum1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 #agcf1 z def9+ ! ^w bureau z a cab9et or *e/ ( draw]s1 or 'scrutoir' = deposit+ pap]s or acc\nts4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury ^! conv5i5t pieces ( furniture came into m g5]al use1 & illu/rations ( !m z design$ & made by ,*ipp5dale & 8 contempor>ies w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) t p]iod4 ,dr4 ,lyon also quotes f an ,am]ican newspap]1 ,! ,bo/on ,news ,lett] ( ,april #af?1 #agaf1 an adv]tisem5t :i* 0 evid5tly publi%$ :5 ! tall clocks1 :i* we n[ call gr&fa!rs' clocks1 7 a novelty1 & z su* 7 be+ introduc$ to ! ,am]ican public4 ,we h already ref]r$ to "o ( ^? :i* is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 7date #agjj71 & no d\bt ! manufacture ( simil> clocks became m g5]al dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! adv]tisem5t allud$ to runs1 ,lately come f ,london1 a p>cel ( v f9e clocks--!y g a week & repeat ! h\r :5 pull$ 7a /r+ caus$ ! same action z ! press+ ( ! h&le ( a repeat+ wat*7 9 ,japan cases or walnut4 ,! /yle ( decoration 9 furniture & woodwork :i* we recognise z ,que5 ,anne1 ap>t f ! m>quet]ie j describ$1 appe>s1 s f> z ! writ]'s inve/igations h gone1 to be due to ! designs ( "s em95t ar*itects ( ! "t4 ,sir ,james ,vanbrugh 0 build+ ,bl5heim ,place = ! ,que5's victori\s g5]al1 & also ,ca/le ,h[>d4 ,ni*olas ,hawksmoor _h erect$ ,/4 ,george's1 ,bloomsbury1 & ,james ,gibbs1 a ,scot* ar*itect & antiqu>y1 ,/4 ,m>t9's-9-!-,fields1 & ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,ox=d3 a pond]\s /yle *>act]ises ! woodwork int]ior ( ^! build+s4 ,we give an illu/ration ( ?ree designs = *imney pieces & ov]mantels by ,james ,gibbs1 ! c5tre "o ( :i* illu/rates ! curv$ or swan-neck$ p$im5t1 :i* became a fav\rite ornam5t ab\t ?is "t1 until supplant$ by ! heavi] triangul> p$im5t :i* came 9 ) ! ,georges4 ,! cont5ts ( ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace af=d evid5ce ( ! transition :i* took place 9 ! design ( woodwork & furniture f ! "t ( ,william ,,iii4 until t ( ,george ,,ii4 ,!re is ! ,dut* *air ) cabriole leg1 ! pla9 walnut c>d table also ( ,dut* design1 :i* probably came ov] ) ! ,/ad?old]2 !n1 !re are ! heavy drap]ies1 & *airs almo/ completely cov]$ by ,spitalfields silk velvet1 to be se5 9 ! b$room furniture ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,lat] on1 z ! heavy ,georgian /yle pr$om9at$1 !re is ! /iff unga9ly gilt furniture1 console tables ) legs ornam5t$ ) ! ,greek key patt]n badly appli$1 & f9ally1 z ! ,fr5* s*ool ( design influ5c$ our c>v]s1 an improvem5t may be notic$ 9 ! tables & tor*res1 :i*1 b = be+ a trifle clumsy1 might pass = ! "w ( ,fr5* craftsm5 ( ! same "t4 ,! /ate *airs1 ! b$/ead1 & "s /ools1 :i* are said to h belong$ to ,que5 ,c>ol9e1 are fur!r examples ( ! adoption ( ,fr5* fa%ion4 ,ne>ly all writ]s on ! subject ( furniture & woodwork are agre$ 9 consid]+ t ! e>li] "p ( ! p]iod discuss$ 9 ?is *apt]--namely1 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 gives u ! be/ examples ( ,engli% "w4 ,z we h se5 9 notic+ "s ( ! e>li] ,jacobean examples already illu/rat$ & describ$1 x 0 a p]iod m>k$ by increas$ ref9em5t ( design1 ?r\gh ! ab&onm5t ( ! m grotesque & (t5 co>se "w ( ,elizabe?an c>v+1 & by s\ndness ( con/ruction & ?or\gh workman%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,*imneypieces4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,james ,,gibbs1 ,,ar*itect1 ,,9 #agci4 ,oak furniture made 9 ,engl& dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is /ill a cr$it to ! pa9/ak+ craftsm5 ( ^? days1 & ev5 uphol/]$ furniture1 l ! c\*es & *airs at ,knole1 aft] m ?an #bej ye>s' s]vice1 are fit = use4 ,:5 we come to deal ) furniture ( ! pres5t day1 & ! me?ods ( production :i* are n[ 9 practice1 a comp>ison w be made :i* mu/ be to ! cr$it ( ! ,jacobean p]iod4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! =ego+ *apt]s an attempt has be5 made to pres]ve1 z f> z possible1 a c]ta9 cont9uity 9 ! hi/ory ( ! subject matt] ( ?is "w f ! e>lie/ times until aft] ! ,r5aissance _h be5 g5]ally adopt$ 9 ,europe4 ,9 ?is endeav\r a great] am\nt ( att5tion has be5 be/[$ ^u ! furniture ( a comp>atively %ort p]iod ( ,engli% hi/ory1 ?an ^u t ( o!r c\ntries1 b x is hop$ t ?is fault w be =giv5 by ,engli% read]s4 ,x has n[ become necess>y to int]rupt ?is plan1 & be=e return+ to ! consid]ation ( ,european design & "w1 to devote a %ort *apt] to ^? bran*es ( ! ,indu/rial ,arts connect$ ) furniture1 :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 9 ,india1 ,p]sia1 & ,arabia1 at a "t ant]ior & subsequ5t to ! ,r5aissance p]iod 9 ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,*air ,,9 ,,holl& ,,h\se4 ,see pp4 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patt]n ,,( ,a ,,*9ese ,,lac ,,scre54 7,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #i3 ,! pres5t decorations ( ! room 7 pa9t$ ei!r actually by ,watts or "u 8 directions1 :51 z fav\rite arti/ to ! f\r? ,"l ,holl&1 he did s mu* to beautify ! h\se & made s _m additions to its /ore ( portraits4 ,8 "w is fully describ$ 9 ,holl& ,h\se1 by ,pr9cess ,m>ie ,lie*t5/e94 ,london1 #ahgd4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! foll[+ passage occurs 9 "o ( ,beaumont & ,flet*]'s plays3-- ,is ! great ,c\* up1 ! ,duke ( ,m$9a s5t8 to :i* ! du5na replies1 ',tis up1 & ready2 & !n ,m>gu]ite asks1 ,& day b$s 9 all *amb]s8 receiv+ 9 answ]1 ,9 all1 lady4 ,footnote #aa3 ,?is tape/ry is /ill 9 ! ,great ,hall at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,furniture ( ,ea/]n ,c\ntries4 ,,*9ese ,,furniture3 ,probable s\rce ( arti/ic ta/e--,sir ,william ,*amb]s quot$--,rac9et's ,le ,co/ume ,hi/orique--,dut* ,influ5ce--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton & ! late ,duke ( ,ed9burgh ,collections--,processes ( mak+ ,lacqu]--,scre5s 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,japanese ,,furniture3 ,e>ly ,hi/ory--,sir ,ru!r=d ,alcock & ,"l ,elg9--,! ,collection ( ! ,%gun--,fam\s ,collections--,action ( ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t ( ,japan--,special *>act]i/ics4 ,,indian ,,furniture3 ,e>ly ,european influ5ce--,furniture ( ! ,moguls--,rac9et's ,"w--,bombay ,furniture--,ivory ,*airs & ,tables--,specim5s 9 ! ,india ,museum4 ,,p]sian ,,woodwork3 ,collection ( ,objets d',art =m$ by ,g5]al ,murdo* ,smi?1 ,r4,e4--,indu/rial ,arts ( ! ,p]sians--,arab influ5ce--,s\? ,k5s+ton ,specim5s4 ,,s>ac5ic ,,woodwork3 ,ori5tal cu/oms--,specim5s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ( ,arab ,"w--,m4 d',aveune's ,"w4 ,,*9ese ,,& ,,japanese ,,furniture4 ,we h be5 unable to discov] :5 ! ,*9ese fir/ began to use /ate or dome/ic furniture4 ,:e!r1 l ! anci5t ,assyrians & ,egyptians1 !re 0 an e>ly civilization :i* includ$ ! arts ( jo9+1 c>v+1 & uphol/]+1 we d n "k2 mo/ probably !re 02 & f ! pla/] ca/s :i* "o sees 9 our ,indian ,museum1 ( ! ornam5tal /one gateways ( ,san*i ,tope1 9 ,bhopal1 ,c5tral ,india1 x w\ld appe> t1 9 ! e>ly "p ( our ,*ri/ian era1 ! c>v+s 9 wood ( _! neighb\rs & co-religioni/s1 ! ,h9doos1 repres5t$ figures ( m5 & animals 9 ! woodwork ( sacr$ build+s or palaces4 ,! m>vell\s dext]ity 9 manipulat+ wood1 ivory & /one :i* we recognize 9 ! ,*9ese ( to-day1 is probably inh]it$ f _! e>ly ance/ors4 ,sir ,william ,*amb]s travell$ 9 ,*9a 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 he :o introduc$ ! ,*9ese /yle into furniture & decoration1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ,*ipp5dale & o!r mak]s1 z w be notic$ 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) t p]iod ( ,engli% furniture4 ,he gives u ! foll[+ description ( ! furniture he f\nd 9 ,! ,fl[]y ,l&4 ,! movables ( ! saloon consi/ ( *airs1 /ools1 & tables2 made sometimes ( rosewood1 ebony1 or lacqu]$ "w1 & sometimes ( bamboo only1 :i* is *eap1 &1 nev]!less1 v neat4 ,:5 ! movables are ( wood1 ! seats ( ! /ools are (t5 ( m>ble or porcela91 :i*1 ?\gh h>d to sit on1 are f> f unpleasant 9 a climate :]e ! summ] heats are s excessive4 ,9 ! corn]s ( ! rooms are /&s f\r or five feet high1 on :i* !y set plates ( citrons1 & o!r fragrant fruits1 or bran*es ( coral 9 vases ( porcela91 & glass globes conta9+ goldfi%1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 we$ some:at resembl+ f5nel2 on su* tables z are int5d$ = ornam5t only !y also place ! little l&scapes1 compos$ ( rocks1 %rubs1 & a k9d ( lily t gr[s among pebbles cov]$ ) wat]4 ,sometimes1 also1 !y h artificial l&scapes made ( ivory1 cry/al1 amb]1 pe>ls1 & v>i\s /ones4 ,i h se5 "s ( ^! t co/ ov] #cjj gu9eas1 b !y are at lea/ m]e baubles1 & mis]able imitations ( ,nature4 ,besides ^! l&scapes !y adorn _! tables ) sev]al vases ( porcela91 & little vases ( copp]1 :i* are held 9 great e/eem4 ,^! are g5]ally ( simple & pleas+ =ms4 ,! ,*9ese say !y 7 made two ?\s& ye>s ago1 by "s ( _! celebrat$ arti/s1 & su* z are real antiques 7= !re are _m c\nt]feits7 !y buy at an extravagant price1 giv+ sometimes no less ?an #cjj /]l+ = "o ( !m4 ,! b$room is divid$ f ! saloon by a p>tition ( fold+ doors1 :i*1 :5 ! wea!r is hot1 are 9 ! night ?r[n op5 to admit ! air4 ,x is v small1 & conta9s no o!r furniture ?an ! b$1 & "s v>ni%$ *e/s 9 :i* !y keep _! app>el4 ,! b$s are v magnific5t2 ! b$/eads are made mu* l ours 9 ,europe--( rosewood1 c>v$1 or lacqu]$ "w2 ! curta9s are ( taffeta or gauze1 sometimes fl[]$ ) gold1 & commonly ei!r blue or purple4 ,ab\t ! top a slip ( :ite sat91 a foot 9 bread?1 runs all r\nd1 on :i* are pa9t$1 9 panels1 diff]5t figures--fl[] pieces1 l&scapes1 & conv]sation pieces1 int]sp]s$ ) moral s5t5ces & fables writt5 9 ,indian ink & v]milion4 ,f old pa9t+s & engrav+s :i* date f ab\t ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury1 "o ga!rs an idea ( su* furniture z exi/$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan 9 e>li] times4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 ,rac9et's ,le ,co/ume ,hi/orique1 !re is a ,*9ese pr9cess recl9+ on a s(a :i* has a frame ( black wood1 visible1 & slightly ornam5t$2 x is uphol/]$ ) ri* embroid]y1 = :i* ^! arti/ic p seem to h be5 fam\s f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,a s]vant /&s by h] side to h& h] ! pipe ( opium ) :i* ! monotony ( ! day 0 v>i$--"o arm re/s on a small wood5 table or /& :i* is plac$ on ! s(a1 & :i* holds a fl[] vase & a pipe /&4 ,on ano!r old pa9t+ two figures are seat$ on mats play+ a game :i* resembles draughts1 ! pieces be+ mov$ ab\t on a little table ) black & :ite squ>es l a mod]n *essbo>d1 ) %ap$ feet to raise x a conv5i5t height = ! play]s2 on ! floor1 cups ( tea /& ready at h&4 ,su* pictures are g5]ally ascrib$ to ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! p]iod ( ! great ,m+ dyna/y1 :i* appe>s to h be5 ! "t ( an improv$ culture & ta/e 9 ,*9a4 ,f ?is "t & a c5tury lat] 7! sixte5?7 also date ^? beautiful cab9ets ( lacqu]$ wood enri*$ ) ivory1 "m-(-pe>l1 ) silv] & ev5 ) gold1 :i* h be5 br\ght to ,engl& occasionally2 b g5u9e specim5s ( ?is1 & ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 are v sc>ce & extremely valuable4 ,! old] ,*9ese furniture :i* "o sees g5]ally 9 ,europe dates f ! eighte5? c5tury1 & 0 made to ord] & import$ by ! ,dut*2 ?is expla9s ! curi\s comb9ation to be f\nd ( ,ori5tal & ,european designs2 ?us !re are scre5s ) views ( ,am/]dam & o!r cities copi$ f pa9t+s s5t out = ! purpose1 :ile ! frames ( ! panels are ( c>v$ rosewood ( ! frett$ bamboo patt]n1 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*9ese4 ,elaborate b$/eads1 tables1 & cab9ets 7 also made1 ) panels ( a% /a9$ a d>k color1 & ornam5t$ ) hunt+ sc5es1 9 :i* ! repres5tations ( m5 & horses are ( ivory1 or sometimes ) ivory faces & limbs1 & ! clo!s *iefly ( a br[n color$ wood4 ,9 a beautiful table 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* is said to h be5 made 9 ,co*9-,*9a1 "m-(-pe>l is l>gely us$ & produces a ri* effect4 ,! furniture br\ght back by ! late ,duke ( ,ed9burgh f ,*9a & ,japan is ( ! usual "* import$1 & ! rem>ks h]eaft] made on ,indian or ,bombay furniture apply equally to ?is adaptation ( ,*9ese detail to ,european designs4 ,! mo/ highly priz$ "w ( ,*9a & ,japan 9 ! way ( decorative furniture is ! beautiful lacqu] "w1 & 9 ! notice on ,fr5* furniture ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 we %all see t ! process 0 adopt$ 9 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,engl& ) m or less success4 ,x is wor? :ile1 h[ev]1 to allude to x "h a little m fully4 ,! process z practis$ 9 ,*9a is ?us describ$ by ,m4 ,jacquem>t3-- ,! wood :5 smoo?ly plan$ is cov]$ ) a %eet ( ?9 pap] or silk gauze1 ov] :i* is spread a ?ick coat+ made ( p[d]$ r$ s&/one & buffalo's gall4 ,?is is all[$ to dry1 aft] :i* x is poli%$ & rubb$ ) wax1 or else receives a wa% ( gum wat]1 hold+ *alk 9 solution4 ,! v>ni% is laid on ) a flat bru%1 & ! article is plac$ 9 a damp dry+ room1 :5ce x passes into ! h&s ( a workman1 :o moi/5s & aga9 poli%es x ) a piece ( v f9e gra9$ s(t clay slate1 or ) ! /alks ( ! horse-tail or %ave grass4 ,x !n receives a second coat+ ( lacqu]1 & :5 dry is once m poli%$4 ,^! op]ations are repeat$ until ! surface becomes p]fectly smoo? & lu/r\s4 ,!re are nev] appli$ less ?an ?ree coat+s & seldom m ?an eighte51 ?\gh "s old ,*9ese & "s ,japan w>e are said to h receiv$ upw>ds ( tw5ty4 ,z reg>ds ,*9a1 ?is seems q exceptional1 = !re is 9 ! ,l\vre a piece ) ! leg5d 'l\-t9sg1' i4e41 six coat+s1 imply+ t ev5 s _m are unusual en\gh to be wor?y ( special m5tion4 ,!re is z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 diff]5t k9ds & qualities ( lac z betwe5 diff]5t classes ( m>quet]ie4 ,! mo/ highly priz$ is ! ,,lacqu] ,,on ,,gold ,,gr\nd1 & ! fir/ specim5s ( ?is "w :i* rea*$ ,europe dur+ ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xv4 7 pres5tation pieces f ! ,japanese ,pr9ces to "s ( ! ,dut* (ficials4 ,?is lacqu] on gold gr\nd is r>ely f\nd 9 furniture1 & only z a rule 9 "s ( ^? *>m+ little boxes1 9 :i* ! lum9\s effect ( ! lac is height5$ by ! introduction ( silv] foliage on a m9ute scale1 or ( t9y l&scape "w & figures *>m+ly treat$1 p>tly ) dull gold1 & p>tly ) gold highly burni%$4 ,small placques ( ?is beautiful w>e 7 us$ = "s ( ! *oice/ pieces ( furniture made = ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 & m\nt$ by ,g\?ire4 ,,avantur9e lacqu] closely imitates 9 color ! sp>kl+ m9]al f :i* x takes its "n1 & a less highly f9i%$ prep>ation ( x is us$ z a l9+ = ! small draw]s ( cab9ets4 ,ano!r lacqu] has a black gr\nd1 on :i* l&scapes delicately trac$ 9 gold /& out 9 *>m+ relief4 ,su* pieces also 7 us$ by ,ries5] & m\nt$ by ,g\?ire 9 "s ( ! mo/ co/ly furniture made = ,m>ie ,anto9ette2 specim5s ( su* furniture are 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,x is ?is k9d ( lacqu]1 9 v>y+ qualities1 t is usually f\nd 9 cab9ets1 fold+ scre5s1 c(f]s1 tables1 tagres1 & o!r ornam5tal articles4 ,enri*$ ) inlay ( "m-(-pe>l1 ! effect ( :i* is 9 "s cases height5$ & r5d]$ m effective by transp>5t color+ on its rev]se side1 z 9 ! case ( a bird's plumage or ( ^? beautiful blossoms :i* bo? ,*9ese & ,japanese arti/s c repres5t s fai?fully4 ,a v rem>kable scre5 9 ,*9ese lacqu] ( lat] date is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 x is compos$ ( twelve folds1 ea* t5 feet high1 & measur+ :5 fully ext5d$ tw5ty-"o feet4 ,?is scre5 is v beautifully decorat$ on bo? sides ) incis$ & rais$ ornam5ts pa9t$ & gilt on black gr\nd1 ) a ri* bord] ornam5t$ ) repres5tations ( sacr$ symbols & v>i\s o!r objects4 ,! price paid = x 0 #a1jjj4 ,!re are also 9 ! ,museum "s v ri* *airs ( mod]n ,*9ese "w1 9 br[n wood1 probably teak1 v elaborately inlaid ) "m-(-pe>l2 !y 7 exhibit$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfg4 ,( ! v e>ly hi/ory ( ,japanese indu/rial arts we "k b little4 ,we h no record ( ! k9d ( furniture :i* ,m>co ,polo f\nd :5 he travell$ 9 ,japan 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 & until ! ,jesuit mission>ies obta9$ a foot+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & s5t home specim5s ( native "w1 !re 0 probably v little ( ,japanese manufacture :i* f\nd its way to ,europe4 ,! beautiful lacqu] "w ( ,japan1 :i* dates f ! end ( ! sixte5? & ! foll[+ c5tury1 leads u to suppose t a long p]iod ( probation mu/ h occurr$ be=e ^! processes1 :i* 7 probably le>n$ f ! ,*9ese1 c\ld h be5 s ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,( furniture--) ! exception ( ! cab9ets1 *e/s1 & boxes1 l>ge & small--( ?is fam\s lac1 !re appe>s to h be5 little4 ,until ! ,japanese develop$ a ta/e = copy+ ,european cu/oms & mann]s1 ! habit seems to h be5 to sit on mats & to use small tables rais$ a few in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,ev5 ! b$rooms conta9$ no b$/eads1 b a light mattress s]v$ = b$ & b$/ead4 ,! process ( lacqu]+ has already be5 describ$1 & 9 ! *apt] on ,fr5* furniture ( ! eighte5? c5tury x w be se5 h[ specim5s ( ?is decorative mat]ial rea*$ ,france by way ( ,holl&1 & 7 m\nt$ into ! meubles de luxe ( t "t4 ,) ?is exception1 & t ( ! fam\s collection ( porcela9 9 ! ,japan ,palace at ,dresd51 probably b little ( ! ,art products ( ?is arti/ic p _h be5 export$ until ! c\ntry 0 op5$ up by ! exp$ition ( ,"l ,elg9 & ,commodore ,p]ry1 9 #aheh-i1 & subsequ5tly by ! antiqu>ian k & rese>* ( ,sir ,ru!r=d ,alcock1 :o has contribut$ s mu* to our k ( ,japanese ,indu/rial ,art2 inde$1 x is sc>cely too mu* to say1 t s f> z ,engl& is conc]n$1 he 0 ! fir/ to introduce ! products ( ! ,empire ( ,japan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,japanese ,,cab9et ,,( ,,r$ ,,*as$ ,,lacqu]-,,"w4 ,,xvii4 ,,to ,,xviii4 ,,c5tury4 ,! ,revolution1 & ! break up ( ! feudal sy/em :i* _h exi/$ 9 t c\ntry = "s eight hundr$ ye>s1 end$ by plac+ ! ,mikado on ! ?rone4 ,!re 0 a sale 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahfg1 ( ! fam\s collection ( ! ,%gun1 :o _h s5t 8 treasures !re to raise funds = ! civil w> 9 :i* he 0 !n engag$ ) ! ,daimio4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by ! exportation ( o!r f9e native productions to ,p>is & ,london2 b ! supply ( old & really f9e specim5s has1 s9ce ab\t #ahgd1 almo/ ceas$1 &1 9 default1 ! ,european m>kets h become flood$ ) articles ( *eap & inf]ior workman%ip1 import$ to meet ! mod]n dem&4 ,! pres5t ,gov]nm5t ( ,japan1 anxi\s to recov] _m ( ! ma/]pieces :i* 7 produc$ 9 ! be/ "t1 "u ! patronage ( ! native pr9ces ( ! old rgime1 h e/abli%$ a museum at ,tokio1 :]e _m examples ( f9e lacqu] "w1 :i* _h be5 s5t to ,europe = sale1 h be5 plac$ aft] repur*ase1 to s]ve z examples = native arti/s to copy1 & to assi/ 9 ! re/oration ( ! anci5t reputation ( ,japan4 ,!re is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a v beautiful ,japanese *e/ ( lacqu] "w made ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! be/ "t = ,japanese ,art2 x =m]ly belong$ to ,napoleon ,i41 & 0 pur*as$ at ! ,hamilton ,palace ,sale = #gbb3 x is "s #c;ft4 #c;94 long & #b;ft4 #a;94 high1 & 0 int5d$ orig9ally z a receptacle = sacr$ ,buddhi/ books4 ,!re are1 mo/ delicately work$ on to its surface1 views ( ! int]ior ( "o ( ! ,imp]ial ,palaces ( ,japan1 & a hunt+ sc5e4 ,"m-(-pe>l1 gold1 silv]1 & avantur9e1 are all us$ 9 ! enri*m5t ( ?is beautiful specim5 ( inlaid "w1 & ! lock plate is a repres5tative example ( ! be/ k9d ( metal "w z appli$ to ?is purpose4 ,! late ,duke ( ,saxe-,coburg _h sev]al f9e specim5s ( ,*9ese & ,japanese lacqu] "w 9 8 collection1 ab\t ! arrangem5t ( :i* ! writ] _h ! hon\r ( advis+ ,8 ,royal ,highness1 :5 x arriv$ "s ye>s ago at ,cl>5ce ,h\se4 ,! e>lie/ specim5 is a read+ desk1 pres5t$ to him by ! ,mikado1 ) a slope = a book1 mu* resembl+ an ord9>y bookre/1 b *>m+ly decorat$ ) lacqu] 9 l&scape subjects on ! flat surfaces1 :ile ! small] p>ts are diap]$ ) fl[]s & quatrefoils 9 relief ( lac & gold4 ,?is is ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! collections ( ! ,e>l ( ,elg9 & ,k9c>d9e1 ,sir ,ru!r=d ,alcock1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,mr4 ,salt+1 ,visc\nt ,g\gh1 & o!r well-kn[n amateurs1 conta9 "s excell5t examples ( ! be/ p]iods ( ,japanese ,art "w ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,! grotesque c>v+ ( ! wond]ful dragons & m>vell\s mon/]s introduc$ into furniture made by ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 & especially 9 ! ornam5tal woodwork ( ! ,old ,temples1 is ?or\ghly peculi> to ^? ma/]s ( elaborate design & skilful manipulation3 & ! l[ rate ( remun]ation1 comp>$ ) our ,european notions ( wages1 enables "w to be produc$ t w\ld be impracticable "u any o!r conditions4 ,9 comp>+ ! ornam5tation on ,*9ese ) t ( ,japanese furniture1 x may be said t m ecc5tricity is effect$ by ! latt] ?an by ! =m] 9 _! designs & g5]al decoration4 ,! ,japanese jo9] is unsurpass$1 & mu* ( ! lattice "w1 admirable 9 design & workman%ip1 is s qua9t & intricate t only by close exam9ation c x be di/+ui%$ f f9ely cut fret "w4 ,,indian ,,furniture4 ,european influ5ce ^u ,indian ,art & manufactures has be5 ( long duration4 ,x 0 fir/ ex]cis$ by ! ,portuguese & ,dut* 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,unit$ ,ea/ ,india ,company1 aft]w>ds by ! ,fr5*1 :o e/abli%$ a trad+ company !re 9 #affd1 & la/ly by ! ,engli%1 ! fir/ *>t] ( ! old ,ea/ ,india ,company dat+ z f> back z #afjj4 ,?us ,european ta/e dom9at$ almo/ ev]y?+ ( an ornam5tal "* until x became difficult to f9d a decorative article ! design ( :i* did n 9 "s way or o!r %ew ! pr$om9ance ( ,european influ5ce ov] native conception4 ,!re=e x becomes important to asc]ta9 :at k9d ( furniture1 limit$ z x 01 exi/$ 9 ,india dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,mogul ,empire1 :i* la/$ f #aeje to #agci1 :5 ! invasion ( ! ,p]sians "u ,k\li ,khan de/roy$ ! p[] ( ! ,moguls4 ,! c\ntry =m]ly subject to !m 0 !n divid$ among sundry petty pr9ces4 ,! ?rone & ,/ate *airs us$ by ! ,moguls 7 ri* ) elaborate gild+2 ! legs or supports 7 sometimes ( turn$ wood1 ) "s ( ! memb]s c>v$2 ! *air 0 =m$ l an h\r glass1 or r l two b[ls rev]s$1 ) ! upp] "p ext5d$ to =m a high] back to ! seat4 ,9 ,m4 ,rac9et's sumptu\s "w1 ,le ,co/ume ,hi/orique1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #bj volumes 7#ahgf71 !re are reproduc$ "s old m9iatures f ! collection ( ,m4 ,ambroise ,didot4 ,^! repres5t--) all ! advantages ( ! mo/ highly f9i%$ pr9t+ 9 gold1 silv]1 & col\rs--portraits ( ^! native sov]eigns seat$ on _! ,/ate *airs1 ) ! umbrella1 z a sign ( royalty4 ,! panels & ornam5ts ( ! ?rones are pick$ out ) patt]ns ( fl[]s1 sometimes deta*$ blossoms1 sometimes ! :ole plant2 ! colors are g5]ally bright r$ & gre51 :ile ! gr\nd ( a panel or ! back ( a *air is 9 silv]1 ) arabesque trac]y1 ! re/ ( ! *air be+ entirely gilt4 ,! c\*es are rectangul>1 ) f\r turn$ & c>v$ supports1 "s eight or t5 in*es high1 & also gilt4 ,) ! exception ( small tables1 :i* c\ld be c>ri$ into ! room by slaves1 & us$ = ! light refre%m5ts cu/om>y to ! c\ntry1 !re 0 no o!r furniture4 ,! ladies ( ! h>em are repres5t$ z be+ seat$ on sumptu\s c>pets1 & ! walls are ornam5t$ ) gold & silv] & color1 a /yle ( decoration v well suit$ to ! ar*$ op5+s1 c>v$ & gilt doors1 & brilliant co/umes ( ! occupants ( ^! ,indian palaces4 ,aft] ! break up ( ! ,mogul p[]1 ! influ5ce ( ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,engl& br\ght ab\t a mixture ( ta/e & design :i* ) ! concurr5t alt]ations 9 mann]s & cu/oms1 gradually l$ to ! production ( :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,bombay ,furniture4 ,! pati5t1 m9ute c>v+ ( ,indian design appli$ to utt]ly uncong5ial ,portuguese or ,fr5* %apes ( *airs & s(as1 or to ! famili> r\nd or oval table1 c>v$ almo/ beyond recognition1 are in/ances ( ?is /yle4 ,"o sees ^! occasionally 9 ! h\se ( an ,anglo-,indian1 :o has employ$ native workm5 to make "s ( ?is furniture = him2 ! ,european *airs & tables hav+ be5 giv5 z models1 :ile ! details ( ! ornam5t h be5 left to native ta/e4 ,!re are 9 ! ,indian ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton sev]al examples ( ?is ,bombay furniture1 & also "s ( ,c+alese manufacture4 ,x is sc>cely "p ( our subject to allude to ! same k9d ( influ5ce :i* has spoil$ ! qua9t biz>re effect ( native design & workman%ip 9 silv]1 9 jewell]y1 9 c>pets1 embroid]ies1 & 9 pott]y1 :i* 0 s manife/ 9 ! contributions s5t to ,s\? ,k5s+ton at ! ,colonial ,exhibition1 #ahhf4 ,9 ! ,jones ,collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 !re are two c>v$ ivory *airs & a table1 ! latt] gild$1 ! =m] p>tly gild$1 :i* are a portion ( a set tak5 f ,tippo ,sahib at ! /orm+ ( ,s]+apatam4 ,w>r5 ,ha/+s br\ght !m to ,engl&1 & !y 7 giv5 to ,que5 ,*>lotte4 ,aft] h] dea? ! set 0 divid$3 ,"l ,londesbor\gh pur*as$ "p ( x1 & ?is portion is n[ on loan at ! ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum4 ,que5 ,victoria _h also among/ h] num]\s ,jubilee pres5ts "s v h&some ivory furniture ( ,indian workman%ip1 :i* may be se5 at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 z well z ! ,jones ,collection examples1 ?\gh ?or\ghly ,indian 9 "* z reg>ds ! treatm5t ( scrolls1 fl[]s1 & foliage1 %ew unmi/akably ! influ5ce ( ,fr5* ta/e 9 _! g5]al =m & composition4 ,articles1 su* z boxes1 /&s = gongs1 etc41 are to be f\nd c>v$ 9 s&al wood1 & 9 dalburgia1 or black wood1 ) rosewood m\ld+s2 & a peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ?is ,indian decoration1 sometimes appli$ to su* small articles ( furniture1 is ! coat+ ( ! surface ( ! wood ) r$ lacqu]1 ! pla9 p>ts tak+ a high poli% :ile ! c>v$ enri*m5t rema9s dull4 ,! effect ( ?is is precisely t ( ! article be+ made ( r$ seal+ wax1 & frequ5tly ! m9ute patt]n ( ! c>v$ ornam5t & its g5]al treatm5t t5d to give an idea ( an impression made 9 ! wax by an elaborately cut die4 ,! casket illu/rat$ on page #acd is an example ( ?is treatm5t4 ,x 0 exhibit$ 9 #ahea4 ,! l>g] examples ( ,indian c>v$ woodwork are ( teak2 ! f9e/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic specim5s )9 ! writ]'s k are ! two fold+ doors :i* 7 s5t z a pres5t to ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t1 & are 9 ! ,indian ,museum4 ,!y are ( sev5te5? c5tury "w1 & are said to h enclos$ a libr>y at ,k][lee4 ,:ile ! door frames are ( teak1 ) ! out] frames c>v$ ) b&s ( foliage 9 high relief1 ! doors !mselves are divid$ into panels ( fanta/ic %apes1 & yet s arrang$ t !re is j suffici5t regul>ity to please ! eve4 ,"s ( ^! panels are c>v$ & enri*$ ) ivory fl[]s1 o!rs h a rosette ( c>v$ ivory 9 ! c5tre1 & pieces ( talc ) gre5 & r$ color und]nea?1 a decoration also f\nd 9 "s ,arabian "w4 ,x is almo/ impossible to convey by words an adequate description ( ^! doors2 !y %\ld be c>efully exam9$ z examples ( g5u9e native design & workman%ip4 ,mr4 ,poll5 has conclud$ a some:at detail$ acc\nt ( !m by say+3--,= elegance ( %ape & proportion1 & ! propriety ( ! composition ( ! frame & sub-divisions ( ^! doors1 _! m\ld+s & _! panel c>v+s & ornam5ts1 we c = ! pres5t "n no o!r example s in/ructive4 ,we are mu* rem9d$ by ?is decoration ( ! pi]c$ lattices at ! ,s4 ,m>co 9 ,v5ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,casket ,,( ,,indian ,,lacqu] ,,"w4 ,!re is 9 ! ,indian ,museum ano!r rem>kable specim5 ( native furniture--namely1 a *air ( ! pure/ beat5 gold ( octagonal %ape1 & =m$ ( two b[ls rev]s$1 decorat$ ) acan?us & lotus 9 rep\se ornam5t4 ,?is is ( eighte5? c5tury workman%ip1 & 0 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,runjeet ,s+4 ,! preci\s metal is ?9ly laid on1 accord+ to ! ,ea/]n me?od1 ! wood und]nea? ! gold tak+ all ! weight4 ,?is ?rone 0 to h be5 us$ at ! op5+ ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute by ,que5 ,victoria1 b at ! la/ mom5t ano!r seat 0 select$4 ,!re is also a collection ( pla/] ca/s ( portions ( temples & palaces f a v e>ly p]iod until ! pres5t "t1 sev]al hav+ be5 s5t ov] z a loan to ! ,indian & ,colonial ,exhibition ( #ahhf4 ,a c>eful obs]vation ( ! ornam5tal details ( ^! ca/s leads u to ! conclusion t ! ,byzant9e /yle1 :i* 0 dom9ant ?r\gh\t ! m civiliz$ portion ( ,asia dur+ ! p[] ( ! ,romans1 _h surviv$ ! great *anges ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,z native "w became subject m or less to ! influ5ce ( ! ,indo-,*9ese c>v]s ( deities on ! "o side1 & ( ! ,european notions ( ! ,portuguese pione]s ( discov]y on ! o!r1 a fa%ion ( decorative woodwork 0 arriv$ at :i* c sc>cely be dignifi$ by ! "n ( a /yle1 & :i* x is difficult to describe4 ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 9 8 "w on ,indian ,art1 po9ts out t1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,indian designs 7 affect$ by ! immigration ( ,p]sian design]s & workm54 ,! result ( ?is influ5ce is to be se5 9 ! examples 9 ! ,museum1 a %ort notice ( :i* w conclude ^! rem>ks on ,indian "w4 ,! copy 9 %i%em wood ( a c>v$ w9d[ at ,amritz>1 9 ! ,punjaub1 ) its ov]hang+ cornice1 ornam5tal ar*es1 support$ by pill>s1 & ! surface1 cov]$ ) small details ( ornam5t1 is a good example ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury "w4 ,! faades ( dwell+ h\ses 9 teak wood1 c>v$1 & /ill be>+ ! rema9s ( pa9t ) :i* "p ( ! c>v+ 0 pick$ out1 repres5t ! "w ( ! contempor>y c>v]s ( ,ahm$abad1 fam\s = its woodwork4 ,portions ( a lacqu] "w scre5 simil> 9 appe>ance to emboss$ gilt lea!r1 ) ! patt]n 9 gold1 on a gr\nd ( black or r$1 & ! s+ul> ,ca%m]e "w1 call$ mirror mosaic1 give u a good idea ( ! ,indian decoration ( ! eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies4 ,?is effective decoration is produc$ by little pieces ( look+ glass be+ introduc$ into ! small geometrical patt]ns ( ! panels2 ^!1 :5 jo9$ toge!r1 =m a v ri* ceil+4 ,! b$/ead ( ,k+ ,!ebaw1 br\ght f ,m&alay1 is an example ( ?is mixture ( glass & wood1 :i* c be made extremely effective4 ,! wood is c>v$ & gilt to repres5t ! gold sett+ ( num]\s preci\s /ones1 :i* are c\nt]feit$ by small pieces ( look+-glass & v>i\sly-color$ pieces ( transp>5t glass4 ,"s ( ,k+ ,edw>d's 7at ! "t ,pr9ce ( ,wales7 pres5ts--namely1 *airs ) c>v$ lions =m+ arms2 tables ( %i%em wood1 inlaid ) ebony & ivory1 %ew ! ,european influ5ce we h allud$ to4 ,among/ ! mod]n ornam5tal articles 9 ! ,museum are _m boxes1 p5 trays1 writ+ cases1 & ev5 photographic albums1 ( wood & ivory mosaic "w1 ! inlaid patt]ns be+ produc$ by plac+ toge!r /rips ( t9 wire1 s&al wood1 ebony1 & ( ivory1 :ite1 or /a9$ gre53 ^! /rips1 :5 b\nd into a rod1 ei!r triangul> or hexagonal1 are cut into small sections1 & !n inlaid into ! surface ( ! article to be decorat$4 ,papi] ma* & lacqu] "w are also frequ5tly f\nd 9 small articles ( furniture2 & ! collection ( draw+s by native arti/s atte/ ! high skill 9 design & execution atta9$ by ,indian craftsm54 ,,p]sia4 ,! ,p]sians h f "t immemorial be5 an arti/ic p1 & _! /yle ( ,art ?r\gh\t successive g5]ations has v>i$ b little4 ,major-,g5]al ,murdo* ,smi?1 ,r4,e41 ! pres5t ,director ( ! bran* ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 9 ,ed9burgh1 :o resid$ = "s ye>s 9 ,p]sia1 & _h ! assi/ance :5 !re ( ,m4 ,ri*>d 7a well-kn[n ,fr5* antiqu>y71 made a collection ( objets d'art "s ye>s ago = ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum1 b x conta9s comp>atively little t c be actually t]m$ furniture2 & x is extremely difficult to meet ) important specim5s ( ornam5tal woodwork ( native workman%ip4 ,^? 9 ! ,museum1 & 9 o!r collections1 are g5]ally small ornam5tal articles4 ,! *ief reason = ?is is1 d\btless1 t little timb] is to be f\nd 9 ,p]sia1 except 9 ! ,caspian prov9ces1 :]e1 z ,mr4 ,b5jam9 has told u 9 ,p]sia & ! ,p]sians1 wood is abundant2 & ! ,p]sian ar*itect1 tak+ advantage ( 8 opportunity1 has design$ 8 h\ses ) wood5 piazzas--n f\nd else:]e--& ) beams1 l9tels1 & eaves qua9tly1 sometimes elegantly1 c>v$1 & t9t$ ) brilliant hues4 ,ano!r feature ( ! decorative woodwork 9 ?is "p ( ,p]sia is t produc$ by ! l>ge lattic$ w9d[s1 :i* are well adapt$ to ! climate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,door4 ,( c>v$ s&al wood1 f ,travancore4 ,indian ,museum1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,p]iod3 ,,probably ,,late ,,xviii4 ,,c5tury4 ,9 ! manufacture ( textile fabrics--notably1 _! fam\s c>pets ( ,yezd & ,ispahan1 & _! embroid]$ clo?s 9 hamm]$ & engrav$ metal "w1 & =m]ly 9 beautiful pott]y & porcela9--!y h excell$1 & good examples w be f\nd 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,x is difficult to f9d a repres5tative specim5 ( ,p]sian furniture except a box or a /ool2 & ! illu/ration ( a brass inc5se burn] is1 !re=e1 giv5 to m>k ! me?od ( native design1 :i* 0 adopt$ 9 a modifi$ =m by ! ,p]sians f _! ,arab conqu]ors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inc5se ,,burn] ,,( ,,engrav$ ,,brass4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,?is me?od ( design has "o or two special *>act]i/ics :i* are wor? notic+4 ,"o ( ^! 0 due to ! tea*+ ( ,mahomet =bidd+ animal repres5tation 9 design--a rule :i* 9 lat] "w has be5 relax$2 ano!r 0 ! introduction ( ma!matics into ,p]sia by ! ,s>ac5s1 :i* l$ to ! adoption ( geometrical patt]ns 9 design2 & a ?ird1 ! developm5t ( ,caligraphy into a f9e art1 :i* has result$ 9 ! introduction ( a text1 or motto1 into s _m ( ! ,p]sian designs ( decorative "w4 ,! comb9ation ( ^! ?ree *>act]i/ics 0 ! orig9 ( ! ,arabesque =m ( ornam5t1 :i*1 9 arti/ic nom5clature1 occurs s frequ5tly4 ,! g5]al me?od ( decorat+ woodwork is simil> to ! ,indian me?od1 & consi/s 9 ei!r inlay+ br[n wood 7g5]ally teak7 ) ivory or pe>l 9 geometrical patt]ns1 or 9 cov]+ ! wood5 box1 or manuscript case1 ) a coat+ ( lacqu]1 some:at simil> to ! ,*9ese or ,japanese prep>ations4 ,on ?is gr\ndwork "s good m9iature pa9t+ 0 execut$1 ! colors be+1 z a rule1 r$1 gre51 & gold1 ) black l9es to give =ce to ! design4 ,! au?or ( ,p]sia & ! ,p]sians1 already quot$1 _h1 dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ! c\ntry1 z ,am]ican ,m9i/]1 great opportunities ( obs]vation1 & 9 8 *apt] entitl$ ,a ,glance at ! ,arts ( ,p]sia1 he has said a good deal ( ?is mosaic "w4 ,ref]r+ to ! sc>city ( wood 9 ,p]sia1 he says3 ,= ! above reason "o is a/oni%$ at ! m>vell\s +5uity1 skill & ta/e develop$ by ! art ( inlaid "w1 or mosaic 9 wood4 ,x w\ld be impossible to exce$ ! results a*iev$ by ! ,p]sian artisans1 especially ^? ( ,%iraz1 9 ?is wond]ful & difficult art4444 ,*airs1 tables1 s(as1 boxes1 viol9s1 guit>s1 canes1 picture frames1 almo/ e conceivable object1 9 fact1 :i* is made ( wood1 may be f\nd ov]laid ) an exquisite cas+ ( inlaid "w1 s m9ute sometimes t ?irty-five or =ty pieces may be c\nt$ 9 ! space ( a squ>e eigh? ( an in*4 ,i h c\nt$ f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-eight di/9ct pieces on a squ>e in* ( a viol91 :i* is completely cov]$ by ?is exquisite detail ( geometric designs1 9 mosaic4 ,mr4 ,b5jam9--:o1 x w be notic$1 is some:at too en?usia/ic ov] ?is k9d ( me*anical decoration--also obs]ves t1 :ile ! details w /& ! te/ ( a magnify+ glass1 !re is a g5]al bread? 9 ! design :i* r5d]s x h>moni\s & pleas+ if look$ at f a di/ance4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum !re are sev]al specim5s ( ,p]sian lacqu] "w1 :i* h v mu* ! appe>ance ( ^? papi] ma* articles t us$ to be s common 9 ,engl& "s =ty ye>s ago1 save t ! decoration is1 ( c\rse1 ( ,ea/]n "*4 ,( sev5te5? c5tury "w1 !re is also a f9e c(f]1 ri*ly inlaid ) ivory1 ( ! be/ description ( ,p]sian design & workman%ip ( ?is p]iod1 :i* 0 ab\t ! z5i? ( ,p]sian ,art dur+ ! reign ( ,%ah ,abbas4 ,! num]\s small articles ( :at is t]m$ ,p]sian m>quet]ie1 are inlaid ) t9 wire & /a9$ ivory1 on a gr\nd ( c$> wood1 v simil> to ! same k9d ( ornam5tal "w already describ$ 9 ! ,indian section ( ?is *apt]4 ,^! 7 pur*as$ at ! ,p>is ,exhibition 9 #ahfg4 ,p]sian ,art ( ! pres5t day may be said to be 9 a /ate ( transition1 ow+ to ! introduction & assimilation ( ,european ideas4 ,,s>ac5ic ,,woodwork ,,f ,,cairo ,,& ,,damascus4 ,! *anges ( fa%ion 9 ,we/]n1 z contra/$ ) ,ea/]n1 c\ntries are comp>atively rapid4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! record ( two or ?ree c5turies pres5ts a hi/ory ( great & well-def9$ alt]ations 9 mann]s1 cu/oms1 &1 !re=e1 9 furniture3 :ile ! m cons]vative ,ori5tal has be5 cont5t to reproduce1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ! traditions ( 8 =efa!rs2 & we f9d t1 f ! "t ( ! ,moori% conque/ & spread ( ,arabesque design1 no radical *ange 9 ,s>ac5ic ,art occurr$ until ,fr5* & ,engli% en]gy & ent]prise =c$ ,european fa%ions into ,egypt4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! orig9al qua9tness & ori5talism natural to ! c\ntry1 are be+ gradually replac$ by build+s1 decoration1 & furniture ( ,european fa%ion4 ,! c>v$ pulpit1 f a mosque 9 ,cairo1 :i* is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 0 made = ,sultan ,kaitbeg1 #adfh-if4 ,! side panels1 ( geometrical patt]n1 ?\gh mu* injur$ by "t & we>1 %ew signs ( ebony inlaid ) ivory1 & ( pa9t+ & gild+2 !y are good specim5s ( ! k9d ( "w4 ,! two doors1 also f ,cairo1 ! olde/ p>ts ( :i* are j two hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ! pulpit1 are exactly ( ! same /yle1 &1 s f> z appe>ances g1 might j z well be tak5 = two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 s cons]vative 0 ! ,s>ac5ic treatm5t ( decorative woodwork = "s f\r or five c5turies4 ,p5tagonal & hexagonal mosaics ( ivory1 ) little m\ld+s1 ( ebony divid+ ! diff]5t panels1 ! c5tres ( ecc5tric %apes ( ivory or rosewood c>v$ ) m9ute scrolls1 comb9e to give ^! elaborate doors a v ri* effect1 & rem9d "o ( ! "w /ill to be se5 at ! ,alhambra1 9 ,granada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gov]nor',s ,,palace1 ,,manfal,t4 ,%ew+ a ,w9d[ ( ,arab ,lattice ,"w1 simil> to t ( ! ,damascus ,room 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t has be5 =tunate 9 secur+ f ! ,/4 ,maurice & ,dr4 ,meym> ,collections1 a great _m specim5s :i* are well wor? exam9ation4 ,! mo/ rem>kable is a complete room br\ght f a h\se 9 ,damascus1 :i* is fitt$ up 9 ! ,ori5tal /yle1 & gives "o a good idea ( an ,ea/]n int]ior4 ,! walls are decorat$ 9 color & gold2 ! spaces are divid$ by flat pila/]s2 & !re are recesses1 or cupbo>ds1 = ! reception ( pott]y1 qua9tly =m$ vessels1 & pots ( brass4 ,ori5tal c>pets1 octagonal tables1 su* z ! "o :i* ornam5ts ! initial lett] ( ?is *apt]1 hookas1 inc5se burn]s1 & cu%ions furni% ! ap>tm5t2 :ile ! lattice w9d[ is an excell5t repres5tation ( ! ,me%]abijeh1 or lattice "w ) :i* we are famili> s9ce s mu* has be5 import$ by ,egyptian travell]s4 ,9 ! upp] panels ( ! lattice !re are ins]t$ pieces ( color$ glass1 &1 look+ outw>ds t[>ds ! light1 ! effect is v pretty4 ,! date ( ?is room is #agef1 :i* appe>s at ! foot ( an ,arabic inscription1 ( :i* a translation is app5d$ to ! exhibit4 ,x comm5ces3--,9 ! ,"n ( ,god1 ! ,m]ciful1 ! ,compassionate1 & concludes1 ,pray1 !re=e1 to ,him morn+ & ev5+4 ,a numb] ( bosses & panels1 deta*$ f _! orig9al framework1 are also to be se51 & are good specim5s ( ,s>ac5ic design4 ,a b$/ead1 ) inlay ( ivory & num]\s small squ>es ( glass1 "u :i* are pap] fl[]s1 is also a fair sample ( native "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5 ,,( ,,s>ac5ic ,,panell+ ,,( ,,c$>1 ,,ebony1 ,,& ,,ivory4 7,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! illu/ration on page #adb is ( a c>v$ wood door f ,cairo1 consid]$ by ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton au?orities to be ( ,syrian "w4 ,x %ews ! turn$ sp9dles1 :i* ! ,arabs g5]ally introduce into _! ornam5tal woodwork2 & ! c>v+ ( ! vase ( fl[]s is a good specim5 ( its k9d4 ,! date is ab\t ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,= ^? :o w\ld ga9 an ext5d$ k ( ,s>ac5ic or ,arabian ,art indu/ry1 ,l',art ,arabe1 by ,m4 ,prisse d',aveunes1 %\ld be consult$4 ,!re w be f\nd 9 ?is "w _m c>efully-prep>$ illu/rations ( ! cu%ion$ seats1 ! project+ balconies ( ! lattice "w already allud$ to1 ( octagonal inlaid tables1 & su* o!r articles ( furniture z 7 us$ by ! ,arabs4 ,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,h&book1 ,p]sian ,art1 by ,major-,g5]al ,murdo* ,smi?1 ,r4,e41 is also a v h&y & useful "w 9 a small compass4 ,:ile discuss+ ,s>ac5ic or ,arab furniture1 x is wor? notic+ t our ^w s(a is ( ,arab d]ivation1 ! ^w suffah mean+ a place or c\* = recl9+ be=e ! door ( ,ea/]n h\ses4 ,9 ,skeat's ,diction>y ! ^w is said to h fir/ occurr$ 9 ! ,gu>dian1 9 ! ye> #agac1 & ! phrase is quot$ f ,no4 #afg ( t old p]iodical ( ! day--,he leapt (f f ! s(a on :i* he sat4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c>v$ ,,door ,,( ,,syrian ,,"w4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,f ! same s\rce ! ^w ottoman1 :i* ,web/] def9es z a /uff$ seat )\t a back1 fir/ us$ 9 ,turkey1 is obvi\sly obta9$1 & ! mod]n l[-seat$ uphol/]]'s *air ( to-day is d\btless ! developm5t ( a ,fr5* adaptation ( ! ,ea/]n cu%ion or divan1 ?is latt] ^w hav+ become appli$ to ! seats :i* furni%$ ! hall or c\ncil *amb] 9 an ,ea/]n palace1 al?\gh its orig9al mean+ 0 probably ! c\ncil or c\rt itself1 or ! hall 9 :i* su* 0 held4 ,?us d ! habits & ta/es ( diff]5t nations act & re-act ^u ea* o!r4 ,we/]n peoples h c>ri$ ea/w>d _! civilization & _! fa%ions1 influ5c+ ,arts & indu/ries ) _! re/less en]gy1 & break+ up ! cru/ ( ,ori5tal apa?y & indol5ce2 & h br\ght back 9 return ! ideas ga9$ f an obs]vation ( ! associations & accessories ( ,ea/]n life1 to adapt !m to ! requirem5ts & ref9em5ts ( ,european luxury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ap$ ,,panel ,,( ,,s>ac5ic ,,"w ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,bone ,,or ,,ivory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\le ,,armoire4 ,design$ by ,le ,brun1 =m]ly 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection1 & pur*as$ 7,w]!im]7 = #ab1jge ! pair4 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,fr5* ,furniture4 ,,palace ,,( ,,v]sailles3 ,gr& & ,petit ,trianon--,! ?ree ,/yles ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,,xv41 & ,,xvi4--,colb]t & ,lebrun--,&r ,*>les ,b\le & 8 ,"w--,c>v$ & ,gilt ,furniture--,! ,reg5cy & its ,influ5ce--,alt]ation 9 ,condition ( ,fr5* ,society--,watteau1 ,lancret1 & ,b\*]4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,furniture3 ,fam\s b5i/es--,v]nis ,m>t9 ,furniture--,caffi]i & ,g\?ire ,m\nt+s--,svres ,porcela9 introduc$ into ,cab9ets--,gobel9s ,tape/ry--,! ,bureau du ,roi4 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,& ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette3 ,! ,que5's ,influ5ce--,! ,pa9t]s ,*>d9 & ,greuze--,m simple ,designs--,*>act]i/ic ,ornam5ts ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,furniture--,ries5]'s ,"w--,g\?ire's ,m\nt+s--,specim5s 9 ! ,l\vre--,! ,hamilton ,palace ,sale--,fr5* influ5ce ^u ! design ( furniture 9 o!r c\ntries--,! ,jones ,collection--,extract f ! ,times4 ,!re is some?+ s di/9ct 9 ! developm5t ( ta/e 9 furniture1 m>k$ out by ! ?ree /yles to :i* ! ?ree mon>*s h giv5 ! names ( ,l\is ,quatorze1 ,l\is ,qu9ze1 & ,l\is ,seize1 t x af=ds a fitt+ po9t = a new dep>ture4 ,?is w be evid5t to anyone :o w visit1 fir/ ! ,palace ( ,v]sailles1#ab !n ! ,gr& ,trianon1 & aft]w>ds ! ,petit ,trianon4 ,by ! help ( a few illu/rations1 su* a visit 9 ! ord] giv51 w\ld greatly int]e/ anyone hav+ ev5 a smatt]+ ( k ( ! *>act]i/ic ornam5ts ( ^! diff]5t p]iods4 ,a c>eful exam9ation w\ld demon/rate h[ ! "o /yle gradually m]g$ into t ( its successor4 ,?us ! massiv5ess & gr&eur ( ! be/ ,l\is ,quatorze meubles de luxe became1 9 _! lat] developm5t1 too ornate & effem9ate1 ) an elaboration ( enri*m5t1 culm9at+ 9 ! rococo /yle ( ,l\is ,qu9ze4 ,!n we f9d 9 ! ,petit ,trianon1 & also 9 ! ,*teau ( ,fonta9ebleau1 ! pur] ta/e ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette dom9at+ ! ,art productions ( h] "t1 :i* rea*$ _! z5i?1 ) reg>d to furniture1 9 ! production ( su* elegant & co/ly examples z h be5 pres]v$ to u 9 ! beautiful "w-table & secretaire--sold "s ye>s s9ce at ! disp]sion ( ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection--& 9 "s o!r specim5s :i* may be se5 9 ! ,muse du ,l\vre1 9 ! ,jones ,collection 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & 9 o!r public & private ,collections4 ,sev]al illu/rations ( ^! examples w be f\nd 9 ?is *apt]4 ,we h to recollect t ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 ! "t ( ! arti/s ,b]a91 ,lebrun1 &1 lat] 9 ! reign1 ( ,watteau1 also ( ,&r ,*>les ,b\le1 ciseleur et doreur du roi1 & ( ,colb]t1 t admirable ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance1 :o knew s well h[ to second 8 royal ma/]'s ta/e = gr&eur & magnific5ce4 ,! ,palace ( ,v]sailles be>s ?r\gh\t ! /amp & impress ( ! maje/y ( le ,gr&e ,mon>que2 & ! ri* ar*itectural ornam5t ( ! int]ior1 ) m\ld$1 gild$1 & pa9t$ ceil+s1 requir$ ! furni%+ to be c>ri$ to an ext5t :i* _h nev] be5 attempt$ previ\sly4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h judgm5t 9 8 ta/e1 & he knew t1 to c>ry out 8 ideas ( a royal palace1 he mu/ n only select suitable arti/s capable ( control1 b he mu/ c5tralize _! ef=ts4 ,9 #affd ,colb]t f\nd$ ! ,royal ,academy ( ,pa9t+1 ,ar*itecture1 & ,sculpture1 into :i* designs ( furniture 7 admitt$4 ,! celebrat$ ,gobel9s tape/ry factory 0 also e/abli%$2 & x 0 "h t ! ,k+ collect$ toge!r1 & suitably h\s$1 ! diff]5t skill$ produc]s ( 8 furniture1 plac+ !m all "u ! control ( 8 fav\rite arti/1 ,lebrun1 :o 0 appo9t$ director 9 #affg4 ,! mo/ rem>kable furniture arti/ ( ?is "t1 = surely he m]its su* title1 0 ,&re ,*>les ,b\lle1 g5]ally spelt ,b\le4 ,he 0 born 9 #afdb1 &1 !re=e1 0 #be ye>s ( age :5 ,lebrun 0 appo9t$ ,art-director4 ,he appe>s to h orig9at$ ! me?od ( ornam5t+ furniture :i* has s9ce be5 associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,?is 0 to v5e] 8 cab9ets1 p$e/als1 armoires1 encoignures1 clocks1 & brackets ) tortoise-%ell1 into :i* a cutt+ ( brass 0 laid1 ! latt] be+ cut out f a design1 9 :i* 7 h>moni\sly arrang$ scrolls1 vases ( fl[]s1 satyrs1 animals1 cupids1 swags ( fruit & drap]ies4 ,fanta/ic compositions ( a free ,r5aissance "* con/itut$ ! panels2 to :i* bold scrolls 9 ormolu =m$ fitt+ frames2 :ile h&some m\ld+s ( ! same mat]ial gave a f9i% to ! extremities4 ,^! ormolu m\nt+s 7 gilt by an old-fa%ion$ process1#ac :i* left ^u ! metal a ?ick deposit ( gold1 & 7 cunn+ly *isell$ by ! skilful h&s ( ,caffi]i or 8 contempor>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\le ,,armoire4 ,9 ! ,jones ,collection1 ,s4 ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,b\le subsequ5tly le>n$ to economise lab\r by adopt+ a simil> process to t us$ by ! m>quet]ie cutt]2 & by glue+ toge!r two %eets ( brass1 or :ite metal1 & two ( %ell1 & plac+ ov] !m 8 design1 he 0 !n able to pi]ce ! f\r lay]s by "o cut ( ! b&saw2 ?is gave f\r exact copies ( ! design4 ,! same process w\ld be repeat$ = ! rev]se side1 if1 z ) an armoire or a l>ge cab9et1 two panels1 "o = ea* door1 "r & left1 7 requir$2 & !n1 :5 ! brass1 or :ite metal cutt+ 0 fitt$ into ! %ell s t ! jo9s 7 imp]ceptible1 he w\ld h two "r-h& & two left-h& panels4 ,^! w\ld be positive & negative3 9 ! =m] pair ! metal w\ld repres5t ! figur$ design ) ! %ell z gr\ndwork1 & ! latt] w\ld h ! %ell z a design1 ) a gr\nd ( metal4 ,! t]ms positive & negative are ! writ]'s to expla9 ! diff]5ce1 b ! te*nical t]ms are fir/ "p & second "p1 or ,b\le & c\nt]4 ,! =m] w\ld be select$ = ! be/ "p ( ! cab9et2 = in/ance1 ! panels ( ! front doors1 :ile ! latt] w\ld be us$ = ! ends or sides4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is plan ( us+ all f\r cutt+s ( "o design1 occurs 9 ! armoire ,no4 #ajbf 9 ! ,jones ,collection1 & 9 a great _m o!r excell5t specim5s4 ,! brass1 or ! :ite metal 9 ! design1 0 !n c>efully & mo/ arti/ically engrav$2 & ! beauty ( ! engrav+ ( ,b\le's f9e/ productions is a great po9t ( excell5ce1 giv+1 z x does1 a "* to ! design1 & emphasiz+ its details4 ,! m\nt+ ( ! furniture 9 ormolu1 ( a ri* & highly-f9i%$ "*1 complet$ ! design4 ,! ,muse du ,l\vre is ri* 9 examples ( ,b\le's "w3 & !re are "s v good pieces 9 ! ,jones ,collection1 at ,h]t=d ,h\se1 & at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,! illu/ration on page #add is ! repres5tation ( an armoire1 :i* 01 und\bt$ly1 execut$ by ,b\le f a design by ,lebrun3 x is "o ( a pair :i* 0 sold 9 #ahhb1 at ! ,hamilton ,palace sale1 by ,messrs4 ,*ri/ie1 = #ab1jge4 ,ano!r small cab9et1 9 ! same collection1 realis$ #b1caj4 ,! p$e/al cab9et illu/rat$ on page #adh1 f ! ,jones ,collection1 is v simil> to ! latt]1 & co/ ,mr4 ,jones #c1jjj4 ,:5 specim5s1 ( ! g5u95ess ( :i* !re is no d\bt1 are (f]$ = sale1 !y are sure to realize v high prices4 ,! armoire 9 ! ,jones ,collection1 already allud$ to 7,no4 #ajbf71 ( :i* !re is an illu/ration1 co/ ,mr4 ,jones betwe5 #d1jjj & #e1jjj4 ,9 "s ( ! be/ ( ,b\le's cab9ets1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace armoire 7illu/rat$71 ! bronze gilt ornam5ts /& out 9 bold relief f ! surface4 ,9 ! ,l\vre !re is "o :i* has a figure ( le ,gr& ,mon>que1 clad 9 arm\r1 ) a ,roman toga1 & we>+ ! full bottom$ wig ( ! "t1 :i* sc>cely accords ) ! co/ume ( a ,roman g5]al4 ,! absurd comb9ation :i* *>act]izes ?is affectation ( ! classic co/ume is also f\nd 9 portraits ( our ,george ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p$e/al ,,cab9et4 ,by ,b\le1 =m]ly 9 ,mr4 ,b>+'s ,collection4 ,pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,jones = #c1jjj4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! masks1 satyrs1 & rams' heads1 ! scrolls ( ! foliage1 are also v bold 9 specim5s ( ?is class ( ,b\le's "w2 & ! sun 7t is1 a mask ) rays ( light radiat+ f x7 is a v fav\rite ornam5t ( ?is p]iod4 ,b\le _h f\r sons & sev]al pupils2 & he may be said to h f\nd$ a s*ool ( decorative furniture1 :i* _h its vot>ies & imitators n[1 z x _h 9 its own "t4 ,! ^w "o frequ5tly f9ds misspelt ,buhl1 & ! t]m has come to repres5t any simil> mode ( decoration ( furniture1 no matt] h[ m]etrici\s or common x may be4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,conc]t ,,dur+ ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv4 7,f a ,m9iature dat$ #afif47 ,lat] 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 z o!r influ5ces 7 br\ght to be> ^u ! ta/e & fa%ion ( ! day1 ?is /yle ( furniture became m ornate & %[y4 ,in/ead ( ! natural color ( ! %ell1 ei!r v]milion or gold leaf 0 plac$ und]nea? ! transp>5t %ell2 ! gilt m\nts became less sev]e1 & ab\nd$ ) ! curl$ endive ornam5t1 :i* aft]w>ds became ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! fa%ion ( ! succe$+ reign2 & ! =ms ( ! furniture itself foll[$ ! ta/e = a m free & fl[+ treatm5t2 & x %\ld be m5tion$1 9 ju/ice to ,lebrun1 t f ! "t ( 8 dea? & ! appo9tm5t ( 8 successor1 ,mign>d1 a di/9ct decl9e 9 m]it c be trac$4 ,contempor>y ) ,b\le's "w1 7 ! ri*ly-m\nt$ tables1 hav+ slabs ( ,egyptian porphyry1 or ,flor5t9e m>ble mosaic2 & m>quet]ie cab9ets ) beautiful m\nt+s ( ormolu1 or gilt bronze4 ,commodes & scre5s 7 ornam5t$ ) ,*9ese lacqu]1 :i* _h be5 import$ by ! ,dut* & tak5 to ,p>is1 aft] ! ,fr5* invasion ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\doir ,,furni%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,ta/e ,,! ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,p]iod4 ,ab\t ?is "t--t is1 t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury--! res\rces ( design]s & mak]s ( decorative furniture 7 re9=c$ by ! introduction ( glass 9 l>g] plates ?an _h be5 possible previ\sly4 ,mirrors ( consid]able size 7 fir/ made 9 ,v5ice2 ^! 7 engrav$ ) figures & scrolls1 & m\nt$ 9 ri*ly c>v$ & gilt wood frames4 ,soon aft]w>ds manufactories ( mirrors1 & ( glass1 9 l>g] plates ?an be=e1 7 set up 9 ,engl&1 ne> ,batt]sea1 & 9 ,france1 at ,t\r la ,ville1 ne> ,p>is4 ,?is novelty n only gave a new dep>ture to ! design ( suitable frames 9 c>v$ wood 7g5]ally gilt71 b also to t ( ,b\le "w & m>quet]ie4 ,x also l$ to a great] v>iety ( ! design = cab9ets2 & f ?is "t we may date ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,vitr9e1 or cab9et ) glass panels 9 ! doors & sides1 = ! display ( small] objets d'art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,decoration ,,( ,a ,,salon ,,9 ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,/yle4 ,! *airs & s(as ( ! latt] half ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,quatorze are exce$+ly gr& & ri*4 ,! suite ( furniture = ! /ate ap>tm5t ( a pr9ce1 or weal?y nobleman1 compris$ a canap1 or s(a1 & six fauteuils1 or arm *airs1 ! frames c>v$ ) mu* _s1 or ) feel+1 z x is te*nically t]m$1 & ri*ly gilt4 ,! backs & seats 7 uphol/]$ & cov]$ ) ! already fam\s tape/ry ( ,gobel9s or ,beauvais4 ,a %ort acc\nt ( ^! factories w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,su* a suite ( furniture1 9 bad condition & requir+ c>eful & v exp5sive re/oration1 0 sold at ,*ri/ie's "s "t ago = ab\t #a1djj1 & x is no exagg]ation to say t a really p]fect suite1 ) c>v+ & gild+ at ! be/1 & ! tape/ry n too mu* worn1 if (f]$ = public competition1 w\ld probably realize betwe5 #c1jjj & #d1jjj4ad ,9 ! ,app5dix w be f\nd ! names ( _m arti/s 9 furniture ( ?is "t1 & 9 ! ,jones ,collection we h sev]al v excell5t specim5s :i* c be easily ref]r$ to1 & comp>$ ) o!rs ( ! two succe$+ reigns1 ^: furniture we are n[ go+ to consid]4 ,z an example ( ! diff]5ce 9 bo? outl9e & detail :i* took place 9 design1 let ! read] notice ! =m ( ! ,l\is ,quatorze commode vignett$ = ! initial lett] ( ?is *apt]1 & !n turn to ! light] & m fanciful cab9ets ( some:at simil> %ape1 :i* w be f\nd illu/rat$ 9 ! ,l\is ,qu9ze section :i* foll[s ?is4 ,9 ! ,l\is ,quatorze cab9ets ! decorative effect1 s f> z ! woodwork is conc]n$1 0 obta9$ fir/ by ! c>eful *oice ( suitable v5e]s1 & !n by jo9+ f\r pieces 9 a panel1 s t ! natural figure ( ! wood runs f ! c5tre1 & !n a b&+ ( a d>k] wood =ms a frame4 ,an in/ance ( ?is w also be f\nd 9 ! above-m5tion$ vignette4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,:5 ! old ,k+ di$1 at ! ripe age ( #gg1 ! cr[n devolv$ on 8 great-gr&son1 !n a *ild five ye>s old1 & !re=e1 a ,reg5cy became necess>y2 & ?is p]iod ( "s eight ye>s1 until ! dea? ( ,philip1 ,duke ( ,orleans1 9 #agbc1 :5 ! ,k+ 0 decl>$ to h atta9$ 8 majority at ! age ( #ac1 is kn[n z l',epo* de la ,rg5ce1 & is a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\le ,,commode4 ,probably made dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,reg5cy4 7,muse du ,l\vre47 ,!re 0 a great *ange ab\t ?is p]iod ( ,fr5* hi/ory 9 ! social condition ( ! upp] classes 9 ,france4 ,! pomp & extravagance ( ! late mon>* _h empti$ ! c(f]s ( ! noblesse1 & 9 ord] to recruit _! f9ances1 m>riages became common :i* a decade or two be=e t "t w\ld h>dly h be5 ?\ght possible4 ,nobles ( anci5t l9eage m>ri$ ! daught]s ( bank]s & speculators1 9 ord] to supply !mselves ) ! means ( foll[+ ! extravagant fa%ions ( ! day1 & we f9d ! wives ( m9i/]s ( dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate us+ _! influ5ce & p[] = ! purpose ( mak+ money by gambl+ 9 /ocks1 & accept+ bribes = concessions & contracts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,s$an ,,*air4 7,f an ,engrav+ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,art ,libr>y47 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,panel ,,= ,a ,,scre54 ,pa9t$ by ,watteau4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,reg5cy4 ,x 0 a "t ( corruption1 extravagance1 lic5ti\sness1 & intrigue1 & al?\gh "o might ask :at be>+ ?is has ^u ! hi/ory ( furniture1 a little reflection %[s t ! ab&onm5t ( ! great ,/ate receptions ( ! late ,k+1 & ! pomp\s & gorge\s ent]ta9m5ts ( 8 "t1 gave way to a /ate ( society 9 :i* ! b\doir became ( f> m importance ?an ! salon1 9 ! arti/ic furni%+ ( a fa%ionable h\se4 ,in/ead ( ! maje/ic gr&eur ( imm5se reception rooms & /ately gall]ies1 we h ! elegance & prett9ess ( ! b\doir2 & z ! reign ( ! "y ,k+ advances1 we f9d ! /ructural enri*m5t ( rooms m free1 & busy ) r$undant ornam5t4 ,! curv$ endive decoration1 s common 9 c>v$ woodwork & its imitation 9 compo4 ( ?is p]iod is se5 ev]y:]e2 9 ! ar*itraves1 9 ! panel m\ld+s1 9 ! frame ( an ov]door1 9 ! design ( a mirror frame2 doves1 wrea?s1 ,arcadian f\nta9s1 fl[+ scrolls1 ,cupids1 & heads & bu/s ( wom5 t]m9at+ 9 foliage1 are c>v$ or m\ld$ 9 relief1 on ! walls1 ! doors1 & ! alcov$ recesses ( ! reception rooms1 ei!r gild$ or pa9t$ :ite2 & pictures by ,watteau1 ,lancret1 or ,b\*]1 & _! s*ools1 are appropriate accompanim5ts4#ae ,illu/ration3 ,,console ,,table1 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt4 7,collection ( ,m4 ,d\ble1 ,p>is47 ,! furniture 0 made to agree ) ?is decorative treatm5t2 c\*es & easy *airs 7 design$ 9 m sweep+ curves & on a small] scale1 ! woodwork :olly or p>tially gilt & uphol/]$1 n only ) ! tape/ry ( ,gobel9s1 ,beauvais1 & ,aubusson1 b ) s(t color$ silk brocades & brocatelles2 light occasional *airs 7 enri*$ ) "m-(-pe>l or m>quet]ie2 scre5s 7 pa9t$ ) love sc5es & repres5tations ( ladies & g5tlem5 :o look z if !y pass$ _! entire exi/5ce 9 ! elaboration ( _! toilettes or ! ex*ange ( complim5ts2 ! /ately cab9et is modifi$ into ! bomb front$ commode1 ! ends ( :i* curve outw>ds ) a graceful sweep2 & ! bureau is made 9 a mu* small] size1 m highly decorat$ ) m>quet]ie1 & m fancifully m\nt$ to suit ! small] & m effem9ate ap>tm5t4 ,! elegant cab9et1 call$ ,b\heur du j\r 7a little cab9et m\nt$ on a table72 ! small r\nd occasional table1 call$ a guridon2 ! encoignure1 or corn] cab9et2 ! tagre1 or ornam5tal hang+ cab9et ) %elves2 ! ?ree-fold scre51 ) ea* leaf a diff]5t height1 & ) %ap$ top1 all date f ?is "t4 ,! *aise porteur1 or ,s$an *air1 on :i* s mu* "w & ta/e 7 exp5d$1 became m ornate1 s z to fall 9 ) ! prevail+ fa%ion4 ,m>quet]ie became m fanciful4 ,! ,l\is ,qu9ze cab9ets 7 inlaid1 n only ) natural woods1 b ) v5e]s /a9$ 9 diff]5t t9ts2 & l&scapes1 int]iors1 baskets ( fl[]s1 birds1 trophies1 emblems ( all k9ds1 & qua9t fanciful conceits are press$ into ! s]vice ( m>quet]ie decoration4 ,! mo/ fam\s arti/s 9 ?is decorative woodwork 7 ,ries5]1 ,david ,ro5tg5 7g5]ally spok5 ( z ,david71 ,pasqui]1 ,c>l91 ,leleu1 & o!rs1 ^: names w be f\nd 9 a li/ 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt ,,fauteuil4 ,uphol/]$ ) ,beauvais tape/ry4 ,subject f ,la ,fonta9e's ,fables4 ,dur+ ! prec$+ reign1 ! ,*9ese lacqu]-"w !n 9 use 0 import$ f ! ,ea/1 ! fa%ion = collect+ :i* _h set 9 ev] s9ce ! ,dut* _h e/abli%$ a trade ) ,*9a2 & subsequ5tly z ! dem& arose = small] pieces ( meubles de luxe1 collectors _h ^! articles tak5 to pieces1 & ! slabs ( lacqu] m\nt$ 9 panels to decorate ! table1 or cab9et1 & to display ! lacqu]4 b5i/es1 too1 prep>$ su* p>ts ( woodwork z 7 desir$ to be ornam5t$ 9 ?is manli]1 & s5t !m to ,*9a to be coat$ ) lacqu]1 a process :i* 0 !n only kn[n to ! ,*9ese2 b ?is delay & exp5se quick5$ ! inv5tive g5ius ( ! ,european1 & x 0 f\nd t a prep>ation ( gum & o!r +r$i5ts appli$ aga9 & aga91 & ea* "t c>efully rubb$ d[n1 produc$ a surface :i* 0 almo/ z lu/r\s & suitable = decoration z ! orig9al article4 ,a ,dut*man nam$ ,huyg5s 0 ! fir/ successful inv5tor ( ?is prep>ation2 & ow+ to ! adroitness ( 8 "w1 & ( ^? :o foll[$ him & improv$ 8 process1 "o c only detect ,european lacqu] f ,*9ese by not+ c]ta9 trifl+ details 9 ! co/umes & foliage ( decoration1 n /rictly ,ori5tal 9 "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,commode4 ,) ,panels ( f9e old ,lacqu] & ,m\nt+s by ,caffi]i4 7,jones ,collection1 ,s4 ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,ab\t #agdj-d ! ,m>t9 family _h ?ree manufactories ( ?is peculi> & fa%ionable "w1 :i* became kn[n z ,v]nis-,m>t91 or ,m>t9s' ,v>ni%2 & x is a s+ul> co9cid5ce t "o ( ^! 0 9 ! di/rict ( ,p>is !n & n[ kn[n z ,faub\rg ,sa9t ,m>t94 ,by a special decree a monopoly 0 grant$ 9 #agdd to ,sieur ,simon ,eti5ne ,m>t9 ! y\ng]1 ,to manufacture all sorts ( "w 9 relief & 9 ! /yle ( ,japan & ,*9a4 ,?is 0 to la/ = tw5ty ye>s2 & we %all see t 9 ! latt] "p ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 & 9 t ( 8 successor1 ! decoration 0 n conf9$ to ! imitation ( ,*9ese & ,japanese subjects1 b ! surface 0 pa9t$ 9 ! /yle ( ! decorative arti/ ( ! day1 bo? 9 mono*rome & 9 natural colors2 su* subjects z ,cupid ,awak5+ ,v5us1 ,! ,triumph ( ,galatea1 ,nymphs & ,goddesses1 ,g>d5 ,sc5es1 & ,ftes ,*amptres1 be+ repres5t$ 9 accordance ) ! ta/e ( ! p]iod4 ,x may be rem>k$ 9 pass+1 t lacqu] "w 0 also made previ\s to ?is "t 9 ,engl&4 ,sev]al cab9ets ( ,old ,engli% lac are includ$ 9 ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill sale catalogue2 & !y 7 ri*ly m\nt$ ) ormolu1 9 ! ,fr5* /yle2 ?is sale took place 9 #ahdb4 ,george ,rob9s1 s well kn[n = 8 fl[]y descriptions1 0 ! auctione]2 ! introduction to ! catalogue 0 writt5 by ,h>rison ,a9swor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,commode4 ,9 ,p>quet]ie1 ) massive m\nt+s ( ,gilt ,bronze1 probably by ,caffi]i4 7,=m]ly 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection4 ,pur*as$ 7,w]!im]7 #f1bdg #ajs47 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,salon4 ,decorat$ 9 ! ,l\is ,qu9ze /yle1 %ew+ ! c>v$ & gilt ,console ,table & ,mirror1 ) o!r enri*m5ts1 en suite4 ,! gilt bronze m\nt+s ( ! furniture ( ?is "t became less massive & mu* m elaborate2 ! curl$ endive ornam5t 0 v mu* 9 vogue2 ! acan?us foliage foll[$ ! curves ( ! commode2 bu/s & heads ( wom51 cupids1 satyrs t]m9at+ 9 foliage1 suit$ ! design & decoration ( ! m fanciful %apes2 & ,caffi]i1 :o is ! great ma/] ( ?is beautiful & highly ornate enri*m5t1 introduc$ ,*9ese figures & dragons into 8 designs4 ,! am\nt ( _s imp>t$ into ! *as+ ( ?is ormolu is simply m>vell\s--x has nev] be5 equall$1 & c\ld n be excell$4 ,"t has n[ mell[$ ! color ( ! woodwork x adorns2 & ! t9t ( ! gold ) :i* x is ov]laid1 improv$ by ! lights & %ad[s caus$ by ! high relief ( ! "w & ! consequ5t d>k5+ ( ! p>ts m depress$1 :ile ! m prom95t ornam5ts h be5 rubb$ bright f "t to "t1 produces an effect :i* is exce$+ly elegant & ri*4 ,"o _c wond] t connoisseurs are prep>$ to pay su* l>ge sums = g5u9e specim5s1 or t clev] imitations are extremely co/ly to produce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bureau ,,du ,,roi4 ,made = ,l\is ,,xv4 by ,ries5]4 ,collection ( ,mobili] ,national4 7,f a p5 & ink draw+ by ,h4 ,evans47 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,illu/rations are giv5 f "s ( ! m notable examples ( decorative furniture ( ?is p]iod1 :i* 7 sold 9 #ahhb at ! celebrat$ ,hamilton ,palace sale1 toge!r ) ! sums !y realis$2 also ( specim5s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 9 ! ,jones ,collection4 ,we mu/ also rememb]1 9 consid]+ ! meubles de luxe ( ?is "t1 t 9 #agec ,l\is ,,xi4 _h made ! ,svres ,porcela9 ,manufactory a ,/ate ent]prise2 & lat]1 z t celebrat$ und]tak+ progress$1 tables & cab9ets 7 ornam5t$ ) plaques ( ! beautiful & *oice pte t5dre1 ! delicacy ( :i* 0 admirably adapt$ to enri* ! light & frivol\s furni%+ ( ! da9ty b\doir ( a ,madame du ,b>ri or a ,madame ,pompad\r4 ,ano!r fam\s arti/ 9 ! delicate bronze m\nt+s ( ! day 0 ,pi]re ,g\?ire4 ,he comm5c$ "w "s ye>s lat] ?an ,caffi]i1 be+ born 9 #agdj2 &1 l 8 s5ior fell[ craftsman1 did n conf9e 8 att5tion to furniture1 b ex]cis$ 8 f]tility ( design1 & 8 passion = detail1 9 m\nt+ b[ls & vases ( jasp]1 ( ,svres & ( ,ori5tal porcela94 ,! "* ( 8 "w is less =cible ?an t ( ,caffi]i1 & comes ne>] to :at we %all pres5tly recognise z ! ,l\is ,seize or ,m>ie ,anto9ette /yle1 to :i* p]iod 8 "w m prop]ly belongs4 ,9 c>eful f9i% ( m9ute details1 x m resembles ! f9e goldsmi?'s "w ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,g\?ire 0 employ$ ext5sively by ,madame du ,b>ri2 & at h] execution1 9 #agic1 he lo/ ! enorm\s balance ( #gef1jjj francs1 :i* 0 due to him1 b :i* debt ! ,/ate repudiat$1 & ! un=tunate man di$ 9 extreme pov]ty1 ! inmate ( an alm%\se4 ,! designs ( ! celebrat$ tape/ry ( ,gobel9s & ( ,beauvais1 us$ = ! cov]+ ( ! f9e/ furniture ( ?is "t1 also und]w5t a *ange2 & in/ead ( ! repres5tation ( ! *ase1 ) a bold & vigor\s r5d]+1 we f9d %eph]ds & %eph]desses1 nymphs & satyrs1 ! illu/rations ( ,la ,fonta9e's fables or r5d]+s ( ,b\*]'s pictures4 ,! arm *air1 or fauteuil1 ) uphol/]$ in/ead ( op5 sides1 0 introduc$ into ! suite ( tape/ry furniture1 & ! t]m by :i* x is kn[n1 *aise b]gre1 seems to be a sign ( ! fa%ion ( ! day4 ,)\t d\bt1 ! mo/ important examples ( meubles de luxe ( ?is reign is ! fam\s ,bureau du ,roi1 made = ,l\is ,,xv4 9 #agfi1 & :i* is fully describ$ 9 ! inv5tory ( ! ,g>de ,meuble 9 ! ye> #agge1 "u ,no4 #beda4 ,! description is v m9ute1 & is fully quot$ by ,m4 ,williamson 9 8 valuable "w1 ,les ,meubles d',art du ,mobili] ,national1 occupy+ 9 space no less ?an ?irty-sev5 l9es ( pr9t$ matt]4 ,its size is five & a half feet long & ?ree feet deep2 ! l9es are ! p]fection ( grace & symmetry2 ! m>quet]ie is 9 ,ries5]'s be/ mann]2 ! m\nt+s are magnific5t--recl9+ figures1 foliage1 laurel wrea?s1 & swags1 *as$ ) r>e skill4 ,! back ( ?is fam\s bureau is z fully decorat$ z ! front3 x is sign$1 ,ries5]1 f4 e41 #agfi1 l'ars5al de ,p>is4 ,ries5] is said to h receiv$ ! ord] = ?is celebrat$ piece ( furniture--( :i* a full-page illu/ration is giv5--f ! ,k+ 9 #agfg1 ^u ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ?is fav\rite ,c\rt b5i/e ) ! wid[ ( 8 =m] ma/] ,oeb54 ,its production1 !re=e1 w\ld seem to h occupi$ ab\t two ye>s4 ,?is celebrat$ *ef d'uvre 0 9 ! ,tuil]ies 9 #ahjg1 & 0 includ$ 9 ! inv5tory f\nd 9 ! cab9et ( ,napoleon ,i4 ,x 0 mov$ by ,napoleon ,,iii4 to ! ,palace ( ,/4 ,cl\d1 & 0 only sav$ f capture by ! ,g]mans by its removal to its pres5t home 9 ! ,l\vre 9 ,augu/1 #ahgj4 ,x is said t x w\ld probably realise1 if n[ (f]$ = sale1 betwe5 fifte5 & tw5ty ?\s& p\nds4 ,a simil> bureau is 9 ! ,h]t=d ,wallace collection1 :i* 0 made to ! ord] ( ,/anilaus1 ,k+ ( ,pol&2 & a copy ( x1 execut$ by ,zwi5]1 a v clev] b5i/e ( ! pres5t day 9 ,p>is1 at a co/ ( "s ?ree ?\s& p\nds1 is 9 ! same collection4 ,betwe5 ! publi%+ ( ! ?ird & f\r? editions ( ?is book1 ?is valuable collection1 "u ! w ( ! late ,lady ,wallace1 pass$ into ! possession ( ! ,engli% nation1 & ! f9e specim5s ( furniture :i* x conta9s are n[ available = ref]5ce4 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,& ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette4 ,x is probable t = "s little "t previ\s to ! dea? ( ,l\is ,,xv41 ! influ5ce ( ! beautiful daught] ( ,m>ia ,!resa on ! fa%ions ( ! day 0 manife/$ 9 furniture & its accessories4 ,we "k t ,m>ie ,anto9ette dislik$ ! pomp & c]emony ( ,c\rt functions1 & pref]r$ a simpl] way ( liv+ at ! fav\rite f>m h\se :i* 0 giv5 to h] husb& z a resid5ce1 on 8 m>riage1 f\r ye>s be=e 8 accession to ! ?rone2 & "h %e delight$ to mix ) ! b\rgeoisie on ! t]race at ,v]sailles1 or donn+ a simple dress ( :ite musl91 w\ld busy h]self 9 ! g>d5 or dairy4 ,!re 01 d\btless1 some?+ ( ! affectation ( a woman spoil$ by admiration1 9 ?us play+ ! ru/ic3 /ill1 "o c und]/& t ! be/ ,fr5* society1 we>y ( ! dom9ation ( ! late ,k+'s mi/resses1 ) _! intrigues1 _! extravagances1 & _! creatures1 look$ =w>d1 at ! dea? ( ,l\is1 ) hope & anticipation to ! accession ( 8 gr&son & ! beautiful "y que54 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,salon4 ,decorat$ & ,furni%$ 9 ! ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,/yle4 ,gradually1 "u ! new rgime1 ar*itecture became m simple4 ,brok5 scrolls 7 replac$ by /raight l9es1 curves & ar*es 7 introduc$ :5 ju/ifi$1 & columns & pila/]s reappe>$ 9 ! ornam5tal faade ( public build+s4 ,int]ior decoration necess>ily foll[$ suit3 in/ead ( ! curl$ endive scrolls enclos+ ! irregul> panel1 & ! sup]abundant foliage 9 ornam5t1 we f9d rectangul> panels =m$ by simpl] m\ld+s1 ) brok5 corn]s1 hav+ a pat]a or rosette 9 ea*1 & betwe5 ! upright panels !re is a pila/] ( ref9$ ,r5aissance design4 ,9 ! oval m$allions support$ by cupids1 is f\nd a dome/ic sc5e by ,fragon>d or ,*>d92 & portraits ( innoc5t *ildr5 by ,greuze replac$ ! c\rt+ %eph]ds & my?ological goddesses ( ,b\*] & ,lancret4 ,sculpture1 too1 became m ref9$ & decor\s 9 its repres5tations4 ,z ) ar*itecture1 decoration1 pa9t+ & sculpture1 s also ) furniture4 ,! designs became m simple1 b 7 reliev$ f sev]ity by ! am\nt ( ornam5t1 :i*1 except 9 "s cases :]e x 0 ov]-elaborate1 0 prop]ly subord9ate to ! design & did n control x4 ,mr4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 attributes ?is revival ( classic ta/e to ! discov]ies ( anci5t treasures 9 ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 b1 z ^! occurr$ 9 ! =m] city s long be=e ! "t we are discuss+ z ! ye> #agaa1 & 9 ! latt] z #agej1 !y c sc>cely be ! imm$iate cause2 ! reason mo/ probably is t a return to simpl] & pur] l9es came z a relief & reaction f ! ov]-ornam5tation ( ! previ\s p]iod4 ,!re are n want+1 h[ev]1 9 "s ( ! decorat$ ornam5ts ( ! "t di/9ct signs ( ! influ5ce ( ^! discov]ies4 ,draw+s & reproductions f frescoes1 f\nd 9 ^! old ,italian cities1 7 9 ! possession ( ! draughtsm5 & design]s ( ! "t2 & an in/ance 9 po9t ( _! adaptation is to be se5 9 ! small b\doir ( ! ,m>quise de ,s]illy1 "o ( ! maids ( hon\r to ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,! decorative woodwork ( ?is b\doir is fitt$ up 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,a notable feature 9 ! ornam5t ( woodwork & 9 metal m\nt+s ( ?is "t1 is a flut$ pila/] ) quills or husks fill+ ! flut+s "s di/ance f ! base1 or />t+ f bo? base & top & leav+ an int]val ( ! flut+ pla9 & )\t ornam5t4 ,an example ( ?is w be se5 9 ! next woodcut ( a cab9et 9 ! ,jones ,collection1 :i* has also ! famili> ,l\is ,seize rib&1 surm\nt+ ! two oval ,svres *9a plaques4 ,:5 ! flut+s are 9 oak1 9 ri* mahogany1 or pa9t$ :ite1 ^! husks are gilt1 & ! effect is *a/e & pleas+4 ,v>iation 0 introduc$ into ! gild+ ( frames by mix+ silv] ) "s portion ( ! gold1 s z to produce two t9ts1 r$ gold & gre5 gold3 ! latt] w\ld be us$ = wrea?s & accessories1 :ile ! =m]1 or ord9>y gild+1 0 appli$ to ! g5]al surface4 ,! legs ( tables 7 g5]ally flut$1 z not$ above1 tap]+ t[>ds ! feet1 & 7 reliev$ f a /ilt$ appe>ance by be+ connect$ by a /ret*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>quet]ie ,,cab9et4 ,) ,plaques ( ,svres ,*9a4 7,9 ! ,jones ,collection1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,writ+ ,,table4 ,made by ,ries5] = ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,collection ,mobili] ,national4 7,f a p5 & ink draw+ by ,h4 ,evans47 ,,p]iod3 ,,late ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,!re occurs 9 ,m4 ,williamson's valuable contribution to ! lit]ature ( our subject 7,les ,meubles d',art du ,mobili] ,national17 an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! gradual alt]ations :i* we are notic+ z hav+ tak5 place 9 ! design ( furniture4 ,?is is a small writ+ table1 "s #c;ft4 #f;94 long1 made dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 b q 9 ! ,m>ie ,anto9ette /yle1 ! legs tap]+ & flut$1 ! frieze hav+ 9 ! c5tre a plaque ( bronze dor1 ! subject be+ a gr\p ( cupids1 repres5t+ ! triumph ( ,poetry1 & hav+ on ea* side a scroll ) a head & foliage 7! only ornam5t *>act]i/ic ( ,l\is ,qu9ze /yle7 connect+ leg & frieze4 ,x 0 made = ! ,trianon1 & ! date is j "o ye> aft] ,m>ie ,anto9ette's m>riage4 ,m4 ,williamson quotes v]batim ! memor&um ( :i* x 0 ! subject3--,memoire des ouvrages faits et livrs1 p> les ordres de ,monsieur le ,*evali] de ,fontanieu1 p\r le g>de meuble du ,roy p> ,ries5]1 b5i/e a l'ars5al ,p>is1 savoir ,sept4 #ba1 #agga2 & !n foll[s a fully detail$ description ( ! table1 ) its price1 :i* 0 #f1jjj francs1 or #bdj4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is table prec$es ?is page4 ,! mak] ( ?is piece ( furniture 0 ! same ,ries5] ^: ma/]piece is ! magnific5t ,bureau du ,roi 9 ! ,l\vre1 to :i* we h already allud$4 ,?is celebrat$ b5i/e cont9u$ to "w = ,m>ie ,anto9ette = ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 until %e quitt$ ,v]sailles1 & he probably liv$ q to ! end ( ! c5tury1 = dur+ ! ,revolution we f9d t he s]v$ on ! ,special ,commission appo9t$ by ! ,national ,conv5tion to decide :i* works ( ,art %\ld be reta9$1 & :i* %\ld be sold1 out ( ! mass ( treasure confiscat$ aft] ! deposition & execution ( ! ,k+4 ,ries5]'s designs d n %ew mu* v>iety1 b 8 "w is highly f9i%$ & elaborate4 ,8 me?od 0 g5]ally to make ! c5tre panel ( a commode front1 or ! frieze ( a table1 a t\r de =ce1 ! m>quet]ie picture be+ wond]fully delicate4 ,! subject 0 g5]ally a vase ) fruits & fl[]s2 ! surface ( ! side panels 0 inlaid ) diamond-%ap$ loz5ges1 or a small diap] patt]n 9 m>quet]ie2 & !n a framework ( ri* ormolu w\ld sep>ate ! panels4 ,! c5tre panel _h sometimes a ri*] frame4 ,8 fam\s commode1 made = ! ,*teau ( ,fonta9ebleau1 :i* co/ a million francs 7#d1jjj7--;an enorm\s sum 9 ^? days--is "o ( 8 *efs d'uvres1 & is an excell5t example ( 8 /yle4 ,a simil> commode 0 sold 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace sale = #d1cje4 ,an upright secretaire1 en suite ) ! commode1 0 also sold at ! same "t = #d1fbj1 & ! writ+ table = #f1jjj4 ,an illu/ration ( ! latt] is on ! foll[+ page1 b ! details ( ?is elaborate gem ( cab9et mak]'s "w1 & ( ,g\?ire's skill 9 m\nt+1 are almo/ impossible to repres5t 9 a woodcut4 ,x is describ$ z foll[s 9 ,*ri/ie's catalogue3-- ,lot #cjc4 ,an oblong writ+ table en suite1 ) draw] fitt$ ) ink/&1 writ+ slide & %elf b5ea?2 an oval m$allion ( a trophy & fl[]s on ! top1 & trophies ) f\r m$allions r\nd ! sides3 /amp$ ,t4 ,ries5] & br&$ und]nea? ) cyph] ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 & ,g>de ,meuble de la ,re9e4 ,!re is no date on ! table1 b ! secretaire is /amp$ #agij1 & ! commode #agia4 ,if we assume t ! table 0 produc$ 9 #agib1 !n ^! ?ree specim5s1 :i* h always be5 reg>d$ z among/ ! mo/ beautiful "w ( ! reign1 7 almo/ ! la/ :i* ! un=tunate ,que5 liv$ to see complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette ,,writ+ ,,table4 7,=m]ly 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection47 ,! f9e "w ( ,ries5] requir$ to be m\nt$ by an arti/ ( equal m]it1 & 9 ,g\?ire he 0 mo/ =tunate4 ,!re is a fam\s clock case 9 ! ,h]t=d or ,wallace collection1 fully sign$ ,g\?ire1 ciseleur et doreur du roi ,p>is ,quai ,pelleti]1 la ,b\cle d'or1 #agga4 ,g\?ire work$1 h[ev]1 *iefly 9 conjunction ) ,ries5] & ,david ,ro5tg5 = ! adornm5t ( _! m>quet]ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$/ead ,,( ,,m>ie ,,anto9ette4 ,f ,fonta9ebleau4 ,collection ,mobili] ,national4 7,f a p5 & ink draw+ by ,h4 ,evans47 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,9 ! ,l\vre are "s beautiful examples ( ?is co-op]ative "w2 & also ( cab9ets1 9 :i* plaques ( v f9e black & gold lacqu] take ! place ( m>quet]ie2 ! c5tre panel be+ a f9ely *as$ oval m$allion ( ,g\?ire's gilt bronze1 ) c>yatides figures ( ! same mat]ial at ! ends support+ ! cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cyl9d] ,,secretaire4 ,9 ,m>quet]ie1 ) ,bronze ,gilt ,m\nt+s1 by ,g\?ire4 7,mr4 ,alfr$ de ,ro?s*ild's ,collection47 ,,p]iod3 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,a specim5 ( ?is k9d ( "w 7an upright secretaire1 ( :i* we h n be5 able to obta9 a satisfactory repres5tation7 =m$ "p ( ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection1 & realis$ #i1dej1 ! highe/ price :i* ! writ] has ev] se5 a s+le piece ( furniture br+ by auction2 x may be reg>d$ z ! *ef d'uvre ( ,g\?ire4 ,9 ! ,jones ,collection1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 !re are also sev]al *>m+ examples ( ,l\is ,seize meubles de luxe4 ,"s ( ^! are enri*$ ) plaques ( ,svres porcela91 to :i* ! m jewel-l m\nt+ ( ?is "t is bett] adapt$ ?an ! rococo /yle :i* 0 9 vogue dur+ ! prec$+ reign4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arm ,,*air ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,/yle4 ,! uphol/]$ furniture became simpl] 9 design2 ! s(as & *airs h g5]ally1 b n inv>iably1 /raight flut$ tap]+ legs1 :i* sometimes h ! flut+s spiral in/ead ( p]p5dicul>3 ! backs are ei!r oval or rectangul>1 & ornam5t$ ) a c>v$ rib& :i* is repres5t$ z ti$ at ! top 9 a lov]'s knot4 ,gobel9s1 ,beauvais1 & ,aubusson tape/ry are us$ = cov]+1 ! subjects be+ 9 h>mony ) ! ta/e ( ! "t4 ,a s(a 9 ?is /yle1 ) settees at ! ends1 ! frame elaborately c>v$ ) trophies ( arr[s & fl[]s 9 high relief1 & cov]$ ) f9e old ,gobel9s tape/ry1 0 sold at ! ,hamilton ,palace ,sale = #a1agf4 ,?is 0 =m]ly at ,v]sailles4 ,beautiful silks & brocades 7 also ext5sively us$1 bo? = *airs & = ! scre5s1 :i*1 at ?is p]iod1 7 v>i$ 9 design & extremely pretty4 ,small two-ti] tables ( tulip wood ) delicate m\nt+s 7 q ! rage4 ,! legs ( small occasional pieces1 l ^? ( ! *airs1 are occasionally c>v$4 ,an excell5t example ( a piece ) cabriole legs is ! *>m+ little ,m>ie ,anto9ette cyl9d]-front$ m>quet]ie escritoire 9 ! ,jones ,collection 7illu/rat$ bel[74 ,! m>quet]ie is attribut$ to ,ries5]1 b f its treatm5t be+ s diff]5t f t :i*1 z an almo/ inv>iable rule1 he adopt$1 x is m probably ! "w ( ,david4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt ,,causeuse ,,or ,,settee1 ,,& ,,fauteuil ,,or ,,arm ,,*air4 ,cov]$ ) ,beauvais ,tape/ry4 7,collection ,mobili] ,national47 7,f a p5 & ink draw+ by ,h4 ,evans47 ,,p]iod3 ,,end ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gilt ,,canap ,,or ,,s(a4 ,cov]$ ) ,beauvais tape/ry4 ,collection ,mobili] ,national4 ,,p]iod3 ,,end ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,ano!r f9e specim51 illu/rat$ on page #agj1 is ! small cab9et made ( k+wood1 ) f9e ormolu m\nts1 & "s beautiful ,svres plaques4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>quet]ie ,,escritoire4 ,by ,david1 said to h belong$ to ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 7,jones ,collection1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! spl5d\r ( ! ,c\rt ( ,l\is ,quatorze1 & by ! br++ toge!r ( arti/s & skill$ h&i-craftsm5 = ! adornm5t ( ! palaces ( ,france1 :i* we h se5 took place dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 0 n )\t its effect ^u ! ,indu/rial ,arts ( o!r c\ntries4 ,macaulay m5tions ! bales ( tape/ry & o!r accessories :i* 7 s5t to ,holl& to fit up ! camp qu>t]s ( ,l\is le ,gr& :5 he w5t !re to take ! comm& ( 8 army aga9/ ,william ,,iii41 & he also tells u ( ! sumptu\s furni%+ ( ! ap>tm5ts at ,/4 ,g]ma9s :5 ,james ,,ii41 dur+ 8 exile1 0 ! gue/ ( ,l\is4 ,! gr&eur ( ! ,fr5* ,k+ impress$ itself ^u 8 contempor>ies1 & w> ) ,g]many1 z well z ) ,holl& & ,engl&1 help$ to spread ?is influ5ce4 ,we h notic$ h[ ,wr5 design$ ! additions to ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace 9 imitation ( ,v]sailles3 & 9 ! *apt] :i* foll[s ?is1 x w be se5 t ! designs ( ,*ipp5dale 7 really reproductions ( ,fr5* furniture ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,qu9ze4 ,! ,k+ ( ,sw$51 ,*>les ,,xii41 ! ,madman ( ! ,nor?1 z he 0 call$1 imitat$ 8 great ,fr5* contempor>y1 & 9 ! palace at ,/ockholm !re are /ill to be se5 traces ( ! ,l\is ,quatorze /yle 9 decoration & 9 furniture2 su* adornm5ts are out ( keep+ ) ! simplicity ( ! habits ( ! pres5t ,royal family ( ,sw$54 ,a ,b\rbon ,pr9ce1 too1 succe$$ to ! ?rone ( ,spa9 9 #agjj1 & !re are /ill 9 ! palaces & picture gall]ies ( ,madrid "s f9e specim5s ( ,fr5* furniture ( ! ?ree reigns :i* h j be5 discuss$4 ,x may be tak51 !re=e1 t = a p]iod dat+ f ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! dom9ant influ5ce ^u ! design ( decorative furniture 0 ( ,fr5* orig94 ,!re is evid5ce ( ?is influ5ce 9 a great _m examples ( ! "w ( ,flemi%1 ,g]man1 ,engli%1 & ,spani% cab9et mak]s4 ,"s ( ^! are wor?y ( m5tion1 & w repay a c>eful exam9ation4 ,"o ( !m is a corn] cupbo>d ( rosewood1 inlaid ) engrav$ silv]1 "p ( ! design be+ a %ield ) ! arms ( an ,elector ( ,cologne2 !re is also a pair ( some:at simil> cab9ets f ! ,bi%op's ,palace at ,salzburg4 ,^! are ( ,g]man "w1 e>ly eighte5? c5tury1 & h evid5tly be5 design$ aft] ,b\le's productions4 ,! %ape & ! gilt m\nts ( a secretaire ( walnutwood ) inlay ( ebony & ivory1 & "s o!r furniture also1 :i*1 ) ! specim5s j describ$1 may be se5 9 ! ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum1 all manife/ ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 :5 ! bomb-front$ commodes & ! curv$ l9es ( *airs & tables came into fa%ion4 ,hav+ describ$ some:at 9 detail ! /yles :i* prevail$ & "s ( ! *anges :i* occurr$ 9 ,france1 f ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 until ! ,revolution1 x is unnecess>y1 = ! purposes ( ?is sket*1 to d m ?an briefly ref] to ! "w ( ^? c\ntries :i* may be said to h adopt$1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ,fr5* designs4 ,= reasons already /at$1 an exception is made 9 ! case ( our own c\ntry2 & ! foll[+ *apt] w be devot$ to ! furniture design$ & made by "s ( ! ,engli% craftsm5 ( ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,( ,italy x may be obs]v$ g5]ally t ! ,r5aissance ( ,raffaelle1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 :i* we h se5 became deg5]ate t[>ds ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 relaps$ /ill fur!r dur+ ! p]iod :i* we h j be5 discuss+2 &1 al?\gh ! fre$om & grace ( ! ,italian c>v+1 & ! elaboration ( inlaid arabesques1 mu/ always h "s m]it ( _! own1 ! "w ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies 9 ,italy w comp>e v unfav\rably ) t ( ! e>li] p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,norse ,,int]ior1 ,,%ew+ ,,*airs ,,( ,,dut* ,,design4 ,,p]iod3 ,,late ,,xvii4 ,,or ,,e>ly ,,xviii4 ,,c5tury4 ,!re are _m o!r museum specim5s :i* might be ref]r$ to1 prov+ ! influ5ce ( ,fr5* design ( ! sev5te5? & subsequ5t c5turies on t ( o!r c\ntries4 ,! above illu/ration ( a ,norse int]ior %ews t ?is influ5ce p5etrat$ z f> z ,sc&9avia2 ! old-fa%ion$ box-l b$/eads :i* ! ,norwegians _h reta9$ f e>ly times1 & :i* 9 a rud] =m are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! cottages ( _m ,scotti% c\nties1 especially ( ^? :]e ! ,sc&9avian connection exi/$1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! c\ntry4 ,! design ( ! *airs 9 ! prec$+ illu/ration is an evid5ce ( ! innovations :i* _h be5 made ^u native fa%ions4 ,^! *airs are 9 /yle ?or\ghly ,dut*1 ( ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5?1 or e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury2 ! cabriole legs & %ell ornam5ts 7 probably ! direct result ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* on ! ,dut*4 ,! woodcut is f a draw+ ( an old h\se 9 ,norway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,secretaire4 ,9 ,k+ & ,tulip ,wood1 ) ,svres ,plaques & ,ormolu ,m\nt+s4 ,,p]iod3 ,,e>ly ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,x w\ld be unfitt+ to close ?is *apt] on ,fr5* furniture )\t pay+ tribute to ! munific5ce & public _s ( ,mr4 ,john ,jones1 ^: beque/ to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum con/itutes 9 itself a repres5tative ,museum ( ?is class ( decorative furniture4 ,sev]al ( ! illu/rations 9 ?is *apt] h be5 tak5 f ?is collection4 ,! money value alone ( ?is collection ( furniture1 porcela91 bronzes1 & articles de v]t1 mo/ly ( ! p]iod embrac$ )9 ! limits ( ?is *apt]1 am\nts to ab\t #djj1jjj1 & exce$s ! value ( any beque/ ! nation has ev] _h4 ,p]haps ! ref]5ces conta9$ 9 ^! few pages1 to ! ,fr5* furniture ( ?is "t1 may /imulate ! int]e/ ( ! public 91 & its appreciation (1 ?is valuable national prop]ty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,clock4 ,by ,rob91 9 ,m>quet]ie ,case1 ) ,m\nt+s ( ,gilt ,bronze4 7,jones ,collection1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,p]iod4 ,soon aft] ?is g5]\s beque/ 0 plac$ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 = ! b5efit ( ! public1 a lead+ article appe>$ 9 ! ,times1 f :i* ! foll[+ extract w v appropriately conclude ?is *apt]3--,z ! visitor passes by ! cases :]e ^! curi\s objects are display$1 he asks himself :at is to be said on behalf ( ! art ( :i* !y are su* notable examples4 ,tables1 *airs1 commodes1 secretaires1 w>drobes1 porcela9 vases1 m>ble /atuettes1 !y repres5t 9 a s+ul>ly complete way ! m9d & ! "w ( ! anci5 rgime4 ,l ,eis5's vignettes1 or ! contes ( innum]able /ory-tell]s1 !y br+ back to u ! grace1 ! luxury1 ! prett9ess1 ! frivolity ( t ,c\rt :i* believ$ itself1 till ! rude awak5+ came1 to conta9 all t 0 preci\s 9 ! life ( ,france4 ,a piece ( furniture l ! little ,svres-inlaid writ+ table ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette is1 to employ a figure ( ,balzac's1 a docum5t :i* reveals z mu* to ! social hi/orian z ! skeleton ( an i*?yosaurus reveals to ! palontologi/4 ,x sums up an epo*4 ,a :ole _w c be inf]r$ f x4 ,pretty1 elegant1 irrational1 & entirely useless1 ?is exquisite & co/ly toy might /& z a symbol = ! life :i* ! ,revolution swept away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>psi*ord1 f ! ,p]man5t ,collection belong+ to ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,,date ,,ab\t #agej4 ,see ,app5dix1 p4 #bff4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ab3 ,! pres5t decorations ( ! ,palace ( ,v]sailles 7 c>ri$ out ab\t #ahcj1 "u ,l\is ,phillipe4 ,v]sailles ,gal]ies ,hi/oriques1 p> ,c4 ,gav>d1 is a "w ( #ac vols4 devot$ to ! illu/ration ( ! pictures1 portraits1 /atues1 bu/s1 & v>i\s decorative cont5ts ( ! ,palace4 ,footnote #ac3 ,= description ( me?od ( gild+ ! m\nts ( furniture1 see ,app5dix4 ,footnote #ad3 ,,note4--,s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is book 0 publi%$ 9 #ahib1 ! value ( really f9e old ,fr5* furniture has consid]ably ris51 & ! above-nam$ e/imate ( ! auction price ( su* a suite ( furniture z is describ$ w\ld h to be d\bl$4 ,footnote #ae3 ,watteau1 #afhd-agba4 ,lancret1 b4 #afij1 d4 #agdc4 ,b\*]1 b4 #agjc1 d4 #aggj4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,*ipp5dale & 8 ,contempor>ies4 ,*9ese ,/yles--,sir ,william ,*amb]s--,! ,bro!rs ,adams' "w--,p]golesi1 ,cipriani1 & ,angelica ,kauffmann--,ar*itects ( ! "t--,w$gwood & ,flaxman--,*ipp5dale's ,"w & 8 ,contempor>ies--,*air 9 ! ,b>b]s' ,hall--,lock1 ,%e>]1 ,hepple:ite1 ,ince1 ,mayhew1 ,%]aton--,introduction ( ,sat9wood & ,mahogany--,gill[s1 ( ,lanca/] & ,london--,hi/ory ( ! ,sidebo>d--,! ,d9+ ,room--,furniture ( ! "t4 ,soon aft] ! second half ( ! eighte5? c5tury _h set 91 dur+ ! latt] days ( ! second ,george1 & ! e>ly "p ( 8 successor's long reign1 !re is a di/9ct *ange 9 ! design ( ,engli% decorative furniture4 ,sir ,william ,*amb]s1 ,r4,a41 an ar*itect1 :o has left u ,som]set ,h\se z a la/+ monum5t ( 8 tal5t1 appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to imp>t to ! int]ior decoration ( h\ses :at 0 t]m$ ! ,*9ese /yle1 z ! result ( 8 visit to ,*9a1 ( :i* a notice 0 made 9 ! *apt] on ,ea/]n furniture2 & z he 0 consid]$ an oracle ( ta/e ab\t ?is "t1 8 influ5ce 0 v p[]ful4 ,*air backs consequ5tly h ! peculi> irregul> lattice "w :i* is se5 9 ! fretwork ( ,*9ese & ,japanese ornam5ts2 & ,pagodas1 ,*9am5 & mon/]s occur 9 8 designs = cab9ets4 ,! ov]mantel :i* _h hi!rto be5 design$ ) "s ar*itectural pret5sion1 n[ gave way to ! l>g] mirrors :i* 7 introduc$ by ! improv$ manufacture ( plate glass2 & ! *imney piece became l[]4 ,dur+ 8 travels 9 ,italy1 ,*amb]s _h f\nd "s ,italian sculptors1 & _h br\ght !m to ,engl&1 to c>ve 9 m>ble 8 designs2 !y 7 g5]ally ( a free ,italian "*1 ) scrolls ( foliage & figure ornam5ts3 b be+ ( /one in/ead ( woodwork1 !y sc>cely belong to our subject1 save to indicate ! *ange 9 fa%ion ( ! *imney piece1 ! vicissitudes ( :i* we h already notic$4 ,*imney pieces 7 n[ no long] specially design$ by ar*itects1 z "p ( ! int]ior fitt+s1 b 7 made & sold ) ! grates1 to suit ! ta/e ( ! pur*as]1 (t5 q irrespective ( ! rooms = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,x may be said t ,dignity gave way to ,elegance4 ,rob]t ,adam1 hav+ return$ f 8 travels 9 ,france & ,italy1 _h design$ & built1 9 conjunction ) 8 bro!r ,james1 ,adelphi ,t]race1 ab\t #agfi1 & subsequ5tly ,portl& ,place1 & o!r /reets & h\ses ( a l "*2 ! furniture be+ made "u ! direction ( ,rob]t1 to suit ! int]iors4 ,!re is mu* int]e/ atta*+ to ,no4 #be1 ,portl& ,place1 because ?is 0 ! h\se built1 decorat$ & furni%$ by ,rob]t ,adam = 8 own resid5ce1 &1 =tunately1 ! *ief reception rooms rema9 to %[ ! /yle !n 9 vogue4 ,! bro!rs ,adam introduc$ into ,engl& ! application ( composition ornam5ts to woodwork4 ,fe/oons ( drap]y1 wrea?s ( fl[]s caught up ) rams' heads1 or ( husks ti$ ) a knot ( rib&1 & oval pat5t to m>k divisions 9 a frieze1 or to emphasize a break 9 ! design1 are ornam5ts *>act]i/ic ( :at 0 t]m$ ! ,adams /yle4 ,rob]t ,adam publi%$ betwe5 #aggh & #ahbb1 9 ?ree magnific5t volumes1 ,works 9 ,ar*itecture4 ,"o ( ^! 0 d$icat$ to ,k+ ,george ,,iii41 to :om he 0 appo9t$ ,ar*itect4 ,_m ( 8 designs = furniture 0 c>ri$ cut by ,gill[s2 !re is a good collection ( 8 orig9al draw+s 9 ! ,soane ,museum1 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields4 ,! decoration 0 g5]ally 9 l[ relief1 ) flut$ pila/]s1 & sometimes a r /iff ,r5aissance ornam5t decorat+ ! panel2 ! effect 0 neat & *a/e1 & a di/9ct *ange f ! rococo /yle :i* _h prec$$ x4 ,! design ( furniture 0 modifi$ to h>monize ) su* decoration4 ,! sidebo>d _h a /raight & n infrequ5tly a s]p5t9e-%ap$ front1 ) squ>e tap]+ legs1 & 0 surm\nt$ by a pair ( urn-%ap$ knife cases1 ! wood us$ be+ almo/ inv>iably mahogany ) ! inlay g5]ally ( pla9 flut+s reliev$ by fans or oval pat] 9 sat9 wood4 ,piranesi1 ,cipriani & ,angelica ,kauffmann _h be5 attract$ to ,engl& by ! promise ( lucrative employm5t1 & n only decorat$ ! panels ( ceil+s & walls :i* 7 enri*$ by ,adams's compo4 79 reality a revival ( ! old ,italian gesso "w71 b also pa9t$ ! ornam5tal cab9ets1 occasional tables1 & *airs ( ! "t4 ,"s ( ! "w ( ,angelica ,kauffmann z a decorative arti/ may /ill be se5 9 sev]al h\ses 9 ,adelphi ,t]race1 9 ! ,arts ,club1 & 9 _m private resid5ces1 ( :i* !re is a v useful li/ 9 ,miss ,frances ,g]>d's biography ( ! arti/1 publi%$ 9 #ahib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,,orig9al ,,draw+s ,,by ,,rob]t ,,adam 7,,r$uc$74 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury1 sat9 wood 0 introduc$ into ,engl& f ! ,ea/ ,indies2 x became v fa%ionable1 & 0 a fav\rite gr\nd-"w = decoration1 ! m$allions ( figure subjects1 g5]ally ( cupids1 wood-nymphs1 or illu/rations ( my?ological fables1 on d>k] color$ wood1 =m$ an effective relief to ! yell[ sat9 wood4 ,sometimes ! cab9et1 writ+ table1 or sp9dle-legg$ occasional piece 0 made entirely ( ?is wood1 hav+ no o!r decoration beyond ! beautiful m>k+ ( c>efully-*os5 v5e]s2 sometimes x 0 b&$ ) tulipwood or h>ewood 7a "n giv5 to sycamore artificially /a9$71 & at o!r times pa9t$ z j describ$4 ,a v beautiful example ( ?is la/-nam$ treatm5t is ! dress+ table 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* we give z an illu/ration on ! opposite page4 ,besides ,*amb]s1 !re 7 sev]al o!r ar*itects :o design$ furniture ab\t ?is "t :o h be5 almo/ =gott54 ,abraham ,swan1 "s ( ^: designs = wood5 *imney pieces 9 ! quasi-classic /yle are giv51 fl\ri%$ ab\t #ageh4 ,john ,c>t]1 :o publi%$ ,specim5s ( ,anci5t ,sculpture & ,pa9t+2 ,ni*olas ,revitt & ,james ,/ew>t1 :o jo9tly publi%$ ,antiquities ( ,a!ns 9 #agfb2 ,j4 ,c4 ,kraft1 :o design$ 9 ,rob]t ,adam's /yle2 ,w4 ,?omas1 ,m4,s4,a41 & o!rs1 h left u _m draw+s ( int]ior decorations1 *iefly *imney pieces & ! ornam5tal ar*itraves ( doors1 all ( !m 9 l[ relief & ( a classical "*1 z 0 ! fa%ion t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 too1 turn$ 8 att5tion to ! production ( plaques 9 relief1 = adaptation to *imney pieces ( ?is "*4 ,9 a lett] writt5 f ,london to ,mr4 ,b5tley1 8 p>tn]1 at ! works1 he deplores ! lack ( enc\ragem5t 9 ?is direction :i* he receiv$ f ! ar*itects ( 8 day2 he1 h[ev]1 p]sev]$1 & by ! aid ( ,flaxman's inimitable arti/ic skill z a modell]1 made sev]al plaques ( 8 beautiful jasp] w>e1 :i* 7 let 9 to ! friezes ( *imney pieces1 & also into o!r woodwork4 ,!re c be se5 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum a pair ( p$e/als ( ?is p]iod 7#aggj-agij7 s ornam5t$4 ,x is n[ necess>y to consid] ! "w ( a gr\p ( ,engli% cab9et mak]s1 :o n only produc$ a great deal ( excell5t furniture1 b :o also publi%$ a l>ge numb] ( designs drawn ) extreme c>e & a consid]able degree ( arti/ic skill4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 & ! be/ kn[n1 0 ,?omas ,*ipp5dale1 :o is said to h be5 born 9 ,worce/]4 ,he appe>s to h succe$$ 8 fa!r1 a *air mak]1 & to h c>ri$ on a l>ge & successful bus9ess 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 ,london1 :i* 0 at ?is "t an important ,art c5tre1 & close to ! newly-f\nd$ ,royal ,academy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,sat9wood ,,dress+ ,,table4 ,) ,pa9t$ ,decoration4 ,,end ,,( ,,xviii4 ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imneypiece ,,& ,,ov]mantel4 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,?omas1 ,,ar*itect4 #aghc4 ,v simil> to ,rob]t ,adam's "w4 ,*ipp5dale publi%$ ,! ,g5tleman & ,cab9et ,mak]'s ,director1 n1 z /at$ 9 ! introduction to ! catalogue to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 9 #agfi1 b "s ye>s previ\sly1 z is te/ifi$ by a copy ( ! ?ird edition ( ! "w1 :i* is 9 ! writ]'s possession & be>s date #agfb1 ! fir/ edition hav+ appe>$ 9 #aged4 ,! title page ( ?is edition is reproduc$ 9 fac-simile on page #agh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*airs1 ,) ornam5t 9 ! ,*9ese /yle1 by ,?omas ,*ipp5dale4 ,?is valuable "w ( ref]5ce conta9s ov] two hundr$ copp]-plate engrav+s ( *airs1 s(as1 b$/eads1 mirror frames1 gir&oles1 tor*res or lamp /&s1 dress+ tables1 cab9ets1 *imney pieces1 organs1 j>d9ires1 console tables1 brackets1 & o!r useful & decorative articles1 ( :i* "s examples are giv54 ,x w be obs]v$ f ^! t ! designs ( ,*ipp5dale are v diff]5t f ^? popul>ly ascrib$ to him4 ,inde$ x w\ld appe> t ?is mak] has become bett] kn[n ?an any o!r1 f ! fact ( ! designs 9 8 book hav+ be5 rec5tly republi%$ 9 v>i\s =ms2 8 popul>ity has ?us be5 reviv$1 :ile ! names ( 8 contempor>ies are =gott54 ,= ! la/ fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s1 !re=e1 dur+ :i* "t ! fa%ion has obta9$ ( collect+ ! furniture ( a bygone c5tury1 almo/ e cab9et1 table1 or mirror frame1 presumably ( ,engli% manufacture1 :i* is slightly remov$ f ! ord9>y type ( dome/ic furniture1 has be51 = want ( a bett] title1 call$ ,*ipp5dale4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he appe>s to h adopt$ f ,*amb]s ! fanciful ,*9ese ornam5t1 & ! rococo /yle ( t "t1 :i* 0 sup]s$$ "s five-&-tw5ty ye>s lat] by ! quiet & m classic designs ( ,adam & 8 contempor>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,g5tleman & ,,cab9et-,,mak]'s ,,director3 ,be+ a l>ge ,,collection ( ! ,mo/ ,,elegant & ,,useful ,,designs ,,( ,,h\sehold ,,furniture1 ,9 ! ,mo/ ,,fa%ionable ,,ta/e4 ,includ+ a great ,,v>iety ( ,,*airs1 ,,s(as1 ,,b$s1 & ,,c\*es2 ,,*9a-,,tables1 ,,dress+-,,tables1 ,,%av+-,,tables1 ,,bason-,,/&s1 & ,,teakettle-,,/&s2 ,,frames = ,,m>ble-,,slabs1 ,,bureau-,,dress+-,,tables1 & ,,commodes2 ,,writ+-,,tables1 & ,,libr>y-,,tables2 ,,libr>y-,,book-,,cases1 ,,organ-,,cases = private ,rooms1 or ,*ur*es1 ,,desks1 & ,,book-,,cases2 ,,dress+ & ,,writ+-,,tables ) ,,book-,,cases1 ,,toilets1 ,,cab9ets1 & ,,cloa?s-,,presses2 ,,*9a-,,cases1 ,,*9a-,,%elves1 & ,,book-,,%elves2 ,,c&le-,,/&s1 ,,t]ms = ,,bu/s1 ,,/&s = ,,*9a ,,j>s1 & ,,p$e/als2 ,,ci/]ns = ,,wat]1 ,,lan?orns1 & ,,*&eli]s2 ,,fire-,,scre5s1 ,,brackets1 & ,,clock-,,cases2 ,,pi]-,,glasses1 & ,,table-,,frames2 ,,gir&oles1 ,,*imney-,,pieces1 & ,,picture-,,frames2 ,,/ove-,,grates1 ,,bo>d]s1 ,,frets1 ,,*9ese-,,rail+1 & ,,brass-,,"w1 = ,furniture4 ,,& ,,o!r ,,ornam5ts4 ,,to ,,:i* ,,is ,,prefix$1 ,a ,%ort ,,explanation ( ! ,five ,,ord]s ( ,,ar*itecture2 ,,) ,prop] ,,directions = execut+ ! mo/ difficult ,pieces1 ! ,m\ld+s be+ exhibit$ at l>ge1 & ! ,dim5sions ( ea* ,,design specifi$4 ,! ,:ole compreh5d$ 9 ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,copp]-,,plates1 neatly engrav$4 ,calculat$ to improve & ref9e ! pres5t ,,ta/e1 & suit$ to ! ,fancy & ,circum/ances ( ,p]sons 9 all ,degrees ( ,life4 ,by ,,?omas ,,*ipp5dale1 ,,cab9et-,,mak] & ,,uphol/]]1 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 ,london4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ! ,,au?or1 & sold at 8 ,h\se1 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane2 ,also by ,t4 ,,becket & ,p4 ,a4 ,,de ,,hondt1 9 ! ,/r&4 ,,mdcclxii4 ,fac-simile ( ! ,title ,page ( ,*ipp5dale's ,director4 7,r$uc$ by ,photography47 ,! orig9al is folio size4 ,illu/ration3 ,two bookcases4 ,n4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,t4 ,*ipp5dale inv et del9s4 ,publi%'d accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t #agfi4 ,j ,taylor ,sculp ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,a ,,page ,,9 ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director4 7,! orig9al is folio size47 ,illu/ration3 ,,tea ,,caddy1 ,c>v$ 9 ! ,fr5* /yle4 7,f ,*ipp5dale's ,director47 ,9 ! *apt] on ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,l\is ,,xvi4 furniture1 x has be5 %ewn h[ ,fr5* fa%ion w5t ?r\gh a simil> *ange ab\t ?is same p]iod4 ,9 ,*ipp5dale's *airs & console tables1 9 8 /ate b$/eads & 8 lamp-/&s1 "o c recognize ! brok5 scrolls & curv$ l9es1 s famili> 9 ! bronze m\nt+s ( ,caffi]i4 ,! influ5ce ( ! *ange :i* _h occurr$ 9 ,france dur+ ! ,l\is ,seize p]iod is equally evid5t 9 ,adam's treatm5t4 ,x 0 help$ =w>d by ! migration into ?is c\ntry ( skill$ workm5 f ,france1 dur+ ! tr\bles ( ! revolution at ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,"s ( ,*ipp5dale's designs be> su* titles z ,fr5* *airs or a ,bomb-front$ ,commode4 ,^! might h appe>$ z illu/rations 9 a contempor>y book on ,fr5* furniture1 s id5tical are !y 9 e detail ) ! c>v$ woodwork ( ,picau1 ( ,cann]1 or ( ,nilson1 :o design$ ! flamboyant frames ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,o!r designs h m individuality4 ,9 8 mirror frames he introduc$ a peculi> bird ) a long snipe-l beak & r impossible w+s1 an imitation ( rockwork & dripp+ wat]1 ,*9ese figures ) pagodas & umbrellas2 & sometimes ! illu/ration ( sop's fables int]sp]s$ ) scrolls & fl[]s4 ,by divid+ ! glass unequally1 by ! introduction into 8 design ( bevell$ pill>s ) c>v$ capitals & bases1 he produc$ a qua9t & pleas+ effect1 v suitable to ! r effem9ate fa%ion ( 8 "t1 & 9 h>mony ) ?ree-corn]$ hats1 wigs & pat*es1 embroid]$ wai/coats1 knee bree*es1 silk /ock+s1 & enamell$ snuff-boxes4 ,9 "s ( ! designs !re is a fanciful ,go?ic1 to :i* he makes special allusion 9 8 preface1 z likely to be consid]$ by 8 critics z impracticable1 b :i* he und]takes to produce if desir$-- ,?\gh "s ( ! pr(ession h be5 dilig5t en\gh to repres5t !m 7espescially ^? aft] ! ,go?ick & ,*9ese mann]7 z s _m speci\s draw+s impossible to be work$ (f by any me*anick :atsoev]4 ,i w n scruple to attribute ?is to ,malice1 ,ignorance1 & ,inability2 & ,i am confid5t ,i c conv9ce all ,noblem51 ,g5tlem51 or o!rs :o w hon\r me ) _! ,comm&s1 t e design 9 ! book c be improv$1 bo? z to ,beauty & ,enri*m5t1 9 ! execution ( x1 by ,_! mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,?omas ,,*ipp5dale4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bureau4 7,f ,*ipp5dale's ,director47 ,! read] w notice t 9 ! examples select$ f ,*ipp5dale's book !re are none ( ^? fretwork tables & cab9ets :i* are g5]ally t]m$ ,*ipp5dale4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t besides ! designs :i* h j be5 describ$1 & :i* 7 int5d$ = gild+1 he also made mahogany furniture1 & 9 ! ,director !re are draw+s ( *airs1 wa%/&s1 writ+-tables & cab9ets ( ?is description4 ,fretwork is seldom se51 b ! c>v$ ornam5t is g5]ally a foliat$ or curl$ endive scroll2 sometimes ! top ( a cab9et is f9i%$ 9 ! =m ( a ,*9ese pagoda4 ,^u exam9+ a piece ( furniture t may reasonably be ascrib$ to him1 x w be f\nd to be ( excell5t workman%ip1 & ! wood1 always mahogany )\t any inlay1 is ri*ly m>k$1 %ew+ a c>eful selection ( mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,n ,,xixii4 ,a ,design = a ,/ate ,b$4 ,a ,*ipp5dale ,design4 ,publi%$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t #agfe4 ,j4 ,taylor sculp4 ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,a ,,page ,,9 ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director4 7,! orig9al is folio size47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,commode ,,& ,,lamp ,,/&s4 ,,design$ ,,by ,t4 ,,*ipp5dale1 ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,8 ,,director4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,xxxv4 ,b$s ,pill>s ,a ,*ipp5dale inv et delves4 ,publi%$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,j4 ,taylor sculp4 ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,a ,,page ,,9 ,,*ipp5dale',s ,,director4 7,! orig9al is folio size47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imneypiece ,,& ,,mirror4 ,,design$ ,,by ,t4 ,,*ipp5dale1 ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,8 ,,director4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>l\r ,,*airs1 ,,by ,,*ipp5dale4 ,! *airs ( ,*ipp5dale & 8 s*ool are v *>act]i/ic4 ,if ! outl9e ( ! back ( "s ( !m be comp>$ ) ! /uff$ back ( ! *air f ,h>dwick ,hall 7illu/rat$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,iv47 x w be se5 t ! same l9es occur1 b in/ead ( ! frame ( ! back be+ cov]$ ) silk1 tape/ry1 or o!r mat]ial--z 9 ,william ,,iii4's "t--,*ipp5dale's are cut op5 into fanciful patt]ns2 & 9 8 m highly ornate "w1 ! twi/$ rib&s ( 8 design are sc>cely to be reconcil$ ) ! use = :i* a d9+ room *air is int5d$4 ,! well-m\ld$ sweep ( 8 l9es1 h[ev]1 c\nt]-balances ?is defect to "s ext5t1 & a good ,*ipp5dale mahogany *air w ev] be an elegant article ( furniture4 ,"o ( ! mo/ graceful *airs ( ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 9 ! /yle ( ,*ipp5dale's be/ productions1 is ! ,ma/]'s ,*air 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,b>b]s' ,company4 ,x is c>v$ 9 ri* ,spani% mahogany1 & uphol/]$ 9 morocco lea!r2 ! ornam5t consi/s ( scrolls & cornucopi ) fl[]s *>m+ly dispos$1 ! arms & motto ( ! ,company be+ introduc$4 ,un=tunately1 !re is no c]ta9 record z to ! design] & mak] ( ?is beautiful *air1 & x is to be regrett$ t ! date 7#ahfe71 ! ye> :5 ! ,hall 0 r$ecorat$1 %\ld h be5 plac$ 9 prom95t gold lett]s on ?is int]e/+ relic ( a pa/ c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,clock ,,case1 ,,by ,,*ipp5dale4 ,ap>t f ! sev]al books ( design notic$ 9 ?is *apt]1 !re 7 publi%$ two editions ( a "w1 undat$1 conta9+ _m ( ! draw+s f\nd 9 ,*ipp5dale's book4 ,?is book 0 entitl$1 ,upw>ds ( ,"o ,hundr$ ,new & ,g5teel ,designs1 be+ all ! mo/ approv$ patt]ns ( h\sehold furniture 9 ! ,fr5* ta/e4 ,by a ,society ( ,uphold]s & ,cab9et mak]s4 ,x is probable t ,*ipp5dale 0 a memb] ( ?is ,society1 & t "s ( ! designs 7 81 b t he sev]$ himself f x1 & publi%$ 8 own book1 pref]r+ to advance 8 individual reputation4 ,! sidebo>d :i* "o s g5]ally he>s call$ ,*ipp5dale sc>cely exi/$ 9 8 "t4 ,if x did x mu/ h be5 q at ! end ( 8 c>e]4 ,!re 7 side tables1 sometimes call$ ,side-,bo>ds1 b !y conta9$ nei!r cell>et nor cupbo>d2 only a draw] = table l954 ,! "n ( ,rob]t ,manw>+ %\ld n be omitt$ z "o ( ,*ipp5dale's contempor>ies4 ,he publi%$ ,! ,*airmak]'s ,guide 9 #agff1 :i* includ$ upw>ds ( two hundr$ new & g5teel designs1 bo? decorative & pla91 ( all ! mo/ approv$ patt]ns = burjairs1 toillets1 corni%es & lan?orns1 etc4 ,! patt]ns ( 8 *air-backs are v simil> to ^? ( 8 contempor>ies1 & f\r ( 8 designs :i* 7 reproduc$ 9 ,furniture & ,decoration1 two ye>s ago1 only diff] 9 detail f ^? illu/rat$ "h z ! "w ( ,ince & ,mayhew4 ,manw>+ also design$ *9a cab9ets1 f5d]s1 balconies1 & o!r decorative items1 & he is believ$ to h be5 a lead+ memb] ( ! ,society ( ,uphold]s & ,cab9et ,mak]s1 allud$ to 9 page #ahb4 ,two o!r design]s & mak]s ( mahogany ornam5tal furniture1 :o also des]ve special m5tion 9 ! discussion ( eighte5? c5tury ,engli% furniture1 are ,w4 ,ince & ,j4 ,mayhew1 :o 7 p>tn]s 9 bus9ess 9 ,broad ,/reet1 ,gold5 ,squ>e1 & contempor>y ) ,*ipp5dale4 ,!y also publi%$ a book ( designs1#af :i* is allud$ to by ,?omas ,%]aton 9 ! preface to 8 ,cab9et ,mak] & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book1 publi%$ 9 #agic4 ,a few examples f ,ince & ,mayhew's ,cab9et ,mak]'s ,real ,fri5d & ,companion are giv51 f :i* x is evid5t t1 )\t any di/+ui%+ br&1 or )\t ! id5tification ( any p>ticul> piece ( furniture ) "o ( _! designs1 x is difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 _! "w & t ( ,*ipp5dale & o!r contempor>y mak]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 noticeable1 aft] c>eful comp>ison ( ! "w ( ,*ipp5dale ) t ( ,ince & ,mayhew1 t ! furniture design$ & made by ! latt] has _m m ( ! *>act]i/ic details & ornam5ts :i* are n[ g5]ally look$ ^u z d5ot+ ! "w ( ,*ipp5dale2 = in/ance1 ! fretwork ornam5ts f9i%$ by ! c>v]1 & !n appli$ to ! pla9 mahogany2 ! op5-work$ scroll %ap$ backs to encoignures or *9a %elves2 & ! c>v$ ,*9aman ) ! pagoda4 ,"s ( ! frames ( *imney glasses & pictures made by ,ince & ,mayhew are almo/ id5tical ) ^? attribut$ to ,*ipp5dale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9a ,,%elves1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince4 7,reproduc$ by ,photography f an old ,pr9t 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,o!r well kn[n design]s & manufactur]s ( ?is "t 7 ,hepple:ite1 :o publi%$ a book ( designs v simil> to ^? ( 8 contempor>ies1 & ,mat?ias ,lock1 "s ( ^: orig9al draw+s 7 on view 9 ! ,exhibition ( #ahfb1ag ) int]e/+ memor&a atta*$1 giv+ ! names ( 8 workm5 & ! wages paid3 f ^! x w\ld appe> t five %ill+s a day 0 at t "t suffici5t remun]ation = a skilful wood c>v]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gir&oles ,,& ,,pi] ,,table1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,?omas1 ,,ar*itect1 #aghc4 7,reproduc$ by ,photography f an old ,pr9t 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,ano!r good design] & mak] ( mu* excell5t furniture ( ?is "t 0 ,%e>]1 :o has be5 unnotic$ by ne>ly all writ]s on ! subject4 ,9 an old book ( designs 9 ! au?or's possession1 ,%e>] del9 & publi%$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 #aghh1 appe>s und]nea? ! repres5tations ( sidebo>ds1 tables1 bookcases1 dress+ tables1 :i* are v simil> 9 e way to ^? ( ,%]aton1 8 contempor>y4 ,george ,ri*>dson & ,mat?ias ,d>ly %\ld also be m5tion$ z notable design]s ( furniture & decorative details ( ?is "t4 ,a copy ( ,hepple:ite's ,book1 9 ! au?or's possession 7publi%$ 9 #aghi71 conta9s #cjj designs ( e article ( h\sehold furniture 9 ! newe/ & mo/ approv$ ta/e1 & x is wor? :ile to quote f 8 preface to illu/rate ! high e/eem 9 :i* ,engli% cab9et "w 0 held at ?is "t4 ,engli% ta/e & workman%ip h ( late ye>s be5 mu* s\ght = by surr\nd+ nations2 & ! mutability ( all ?+s1 b m especially ( fa%ions1 has r5d]$ ! lab\rs ( our pr$ecessors 9 ?is l9e ( little use2 nay1 9 ?is day c only t5d to mislead ^? =eign]s :o seek a k ( ,engli% ta/e 9 ! v>i\s articles ( h\sehold furniture4 ,x is amus+ to ?9k h[ soon ! mutabilities ( fa%ion did = a "t sup]s$e _m ( 8 designs4 ,a selection ( draw+s f 8 book is giv51 & x w be useful to comp>e !m ) ^? ( o!r contempor>y mak]s4 ,f su* a comp>ison x w be se5 t 9 ! progress f ! rococo ( ,*ipp5dale to ! m sev]e l9es ( ,%]aton1 ,hepple:ite =ms a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! two4 ,! names giv5 to "s ( ^! designs appe> curi\s2 = in/ance3 ,rudd's table or reflect+ dress+ table1 s call$ f ! fir/ "o hav+ be5 inv5t$ = a popul> "* ( t "t4 ,knife cases1 = ! reception ( ! knives :i* 7 kept 9 !m & us$ to g>ni% ! sidebo>ds4 ,cabriole *air1 imply+ a /uff$ back1 & n hav+ ref]5ce1 z x does n[1 to ! curv$ =m ( ! leg4 ,b> back$ s(a1 be+ :at we %\ld n[ t]m a ?ree or f\r *air settee1 i4e41 l s _m *airs jo9$ & hav+ an arm at ei!r end4 ,libr>y case in/ead ( ,bookcase4 ,confidante & ,du*esse1 :i* 7 s(as ( ! "t4 ,g\ty /ool1 a /ool hav+ an adju/able top4 ,tea *e/1 ,urn /&1 & o!r names :i* h n[ disappe>$ f ord9>y use 9 describ+ simil> articles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>l\r ,,*airs1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ladies' ,,secretaires1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince4 7,reproduc$ by ,photography f an old pr9t 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,illu/ration3 ,,desk ,,& ,,bookcase1 ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,ince4 7,reproduc$ by ,photography f an old ,pr9t 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9a ,,cab9et1 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,mayhew4 7,reproduc$ f an old ,pr9t 9 ! ,au?or's possession47 ,illu/ration3 ,,dress+ ,,*airs1 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,mayhew4 ,^! %ew ! influ5ce ( ,sir ,w4 ,*amb]s' ,*9ese /yle4 ,hepple:ite _h a specialit1 to :i* he alludes 9 8 book1 & ( :i* he gives sev]al designs4 ,?is 0 8 japann$ or pa9t$ furniture2 ! wood 0 coat$ ) a prep>ation aft] ! mann] ( ,*9ese or ,japanese lacqu]1 & !n decorat$1 g5]ally ) gold on a black gr\nd1 ! designs be+ 9 fruits & fl[]s3 & also m$allions pa9t$ 9 ! /yle ( ,cipriani & ,angelica ,kauffmann4 ,subsequ5tly1 furniture ( ?is "*1 in/ead ( be+ japann$1 0 only pa9t$ :ite4 ,x is probable t _m ( ! *airs ( ?is "t :i* "o n[ sees to be ( wood ( inf]ior quality1 & ) sc>cely any ornam5t1 7 orig9ally decorat$ 9 ! mann] j describ$1 & !re=e ! c>v+ ( details w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s4 ,injury to ! enamell+1 by we> & te>1 0 mo/ likely ! cause ( _! be+ /ripp$ ( _! rubb$ & p>tly oblit]at$ decorations1 & !y 7 !n /a9$ & poli%$1 pres5t+ an appe>ance :i* is sc>cely j to ! design] & manufactur]4 ,9 "s ( ,hepple:ite's *airs1 too1 z 9 ^? ( ,%]aton1 "o may fancy he sees evid5ce ( ! squabbles ( two fa%ionable factions ( ?is "t1 ! ,c\rt p>ty & ! ,pr9ce's p>ty1 ! latt] hav+ ! well-kn[n ,pr9ce ( ,wales' plumes v prom95t1 & =m+ ! ornam5tal support ( ! back ( ! *air4 ,ano!r noticeable enri*m5t is ! c>v+ ( :eat e>s on ! %ield %ape backs ( ! *airs4 ,to convey an idea ( ! fa%ion ( ! day1 ! plan ( a room %ew+ ! prop] di/ribution ( ! furniture1 appe>s on page #aic4 ,x is evid5t f ! l>ge look+ glass :i* ov]hangs ! sidebo>d t ! fa%ion _h n[ set 9 to use ^! mirrors4 ,"s ?irty or =ty ye>s lat] ?is mirror became "p ( ! sidebo>d1 &1 9 "s l>ge & pret5ti\s designs :i* we h se51 ! sidebo>d itself 0 little bett] ?an ! support ( a huge glass 9 a heavily c>v$ frame4 ,! d9+ tables ( ?is p]iod des]ve a pass+ notice z a /ep 9 ! developm5t ( t important memb] ( our ,l>es & ,p5ates4 ,:at 01 & is /ill1 call$ ! pill> & claw table1 came into fa%ion t[>ds ! end ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,x consi/$ ( a r\nd or squ>e top support$ by an upright cyl9d]1 :i* re/$ on a pl9? hav+ ?ree1 or sometimes f\r1 feet c>v$ z claws4 ,9 ord] to ext5d ^! tables = a l>g] numb] ( gue/s1 an arrangem5t 0 made = plac+ sev]al toge!r4 ,:5 ap>t1 !y s]v$ z pi] or side tables1 & "s ( ^!--! two end ones1 be+ semi-circul>--may /ill be f\nd 9 "s ( our old inns4#ah ,illu/ration3 ,,tea ,,tray4 ,,tea ,,tray4 ,,gir&ole4 ,,p>l\r ,,*air1 ,,) ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales' ,,plumes4 ,,pi] ,,table4 ,,p>l\r ,,*air4 ,,designs ,,( ,,furniture4 ,,f ,,hepple:ite',s ,,guide1 ,,publi%$ #aghg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fac-,,simile ,,( ,,page ,,9 ,,hepple:ite',s ,,cab9et ,,mak]',s ,,guide1 ,,publi%$ ,,9 #aghg4 ,plan ( a ,room1--%ew+ ! prop] di/ribution ( ! ,furniture4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #ahjj t ,ri*>d ,gill[1 ( ! well-kn[n firm 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 inv5t$ & pat5t$ ! conv5i5t telescopic contrivance :i*1 ) slight improvem5ts1 has giv5 u ! table ( ! pres5t day4 ,! t]m /ill us$ by auctione]s 9 describ+ a mod]n ext5d+ table z a set ( d9+ tables1 is1 probably1 a survival ( ! old] me?od ( provid+ = a d9n] p>ty4 ,gill['s pat5t is describ$ z an improvem5t 9 ! me?od ( con/ruct+ d9+ & o!r tables calculat$ to r$uce ! numb] ( legs1 pill>s1 & claws1 & to facilitate & r5d] easy1 _! enl>gem5t & r$uction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inlaid ,,tea ,,caddy ,,& ,,top ,,( ,,pi] ,,tables4 7,f ,hepple:ite's ,guide47 ,z an int]e/+ l9k betwe5 ! pres5t & ! pa/1 x may be useful "h to introduce a slight notice ( ?is well-kn[n firm ( furniture manufactur]s1 = :i* ! writ] is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,cl>ke1 "o ( ! pres5t p>tn]s ( ,gill[s4 ,we h an unbrok5 record ( books dat+ f #agbd1 b we exi/$ long ant]ior to ?is3 all records 7 de/roy$ dur+ ! ,scotti% ,rebellion 9 #agde4 ,! h\se orig9at$ 9 ,lanca/]1 :i* 0 !n ! *ief port 9 ! nor?1 ,liv]pool n be+ 9 exi/5ce at ! "t1 & ,gill[s export$ furniture l>gely to ! ,we/ ,indies1 import+ rum z paym5t1 = :i* privilege !y held a special *>t]4 ,! h\se op5$ 9 ,london 9 #agfe1 & = "s "t ! ,lanca/] books bore ! head+ & inscription1 ',adv5ture to ,london4' ,on ! ar*itect's plans = ! premises n[ s well kn[n 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 occur ^! words1 ',?is is ! way to ,uxbridge4' ,mr4 ,cl>ke's in=mation may be supplem5t$ by add+ t f ,dr4 ,gill[1 :om ! writ] _h ! pleasure ( meet+ "s ye>s ago1 & :o 0 ! ?irte5? *ild ( ! ,ri*>d ,gill[ be=e m5tion$1 he le>nt t ?is same ,ri*>d ,gill[ retir$ 9 #ahcj1 & di$ z lately z #ahff at ! age ( #ij4 ,d[bigg91 f\nd] ( ! firm ( ,holl& & ,sons1 0 an appr5tice to ,ri*>d ,gill[4 ,mahogany may be said to h come into g5]al use subsequ5t to #agbj1 & its introduction is ass]t$ to h be5 due to ! t5acity ( purpose ( a ,dr4 ,gibbon1 ^: wife want$ a c&le box1 an article ( common dome/ic use ( ! "t4 ,! ,doctor1 :o _h laid by 9 ! g>d5 ( 8 h\se 9 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 "s planks s5t to him by 8 bro!r1 a ,we/ ,indian capta91 ask$ a jo9] to use a "p ( ! wood = ?is purpose2 x 0 f\nd too t\gh & h>d = ! tools ( ! p]iod1 b ! ,doctor 0 n to be ?w>t$1 & insi/$ on h>d]-temp]$ tools be+ f\nd1 & ! task 0 complet$2 ! result 0 ! production ( a c&le box :i* 0 admir$ by e "o4 ,he !n ord]$ a bureau ( ! same mat]ial1 & :5 x 0 f9i%$1 he invit$ 8 fri5ds to see ! new "w2 among/ o!rs1 ! ,du*ess ( ,buck+ham begg$ a small piece ( ! preci\s wood1 & x soon became ! fa%ion4 ,on acc\nt ( its t\ghness1 & peculi>ity ( gra91 x 0 capable ( treatm5t impossible ) oak1 & ! high poli% x took by oil & rubb+ 7n ,fr5* poli%1 a lat] inv5tion71 caus$ x to come into great reque/4 ,! t]m putt+ "o's knees "u a fri5d's mahogany1 probably dates f ab\t ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kneehole ,,table1 ,,by ,,%]aton4 ,?omas ,%]aton1 :o comm5c$ "w "s tw5ty ye>s lat] ?an ,*ipp5dale1 & cont9u$ 9 bus9ess until ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 accompli%$ mu* excell5t "w 9 ,engli% furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*airs1 ,,by ,,%]aton ,! fa%ion _h n[ *ang$2 in/ead ( ! rococo--lit]ally1 rock "w & %ell 7roequaille et coquaille7--ornam5t1 :i* _h gone out1 a simpl] & m sev]e ta/e _h come 94 ,9 ,%]aton's cab9ets1 *airs1 writ+ tables1 & occasional pieces1 we h !re=e no long] ! cabriole leg or ! c>v$ ornam5t2 b1 z 9 ! case ( ! bro!rs ,adam1 & ! furniture design$ by !m = su* h\ses z ^? 9 ,portl& ,place1 we h n[ squ>e tap]+ legs1 sev]e l9es1 & quiet ornam5t4 ,%]aton tru/$ almo/ entirely = decoration to 8 m>quet]ie4 ,"s ( ?is is v delicate & ( excell5t workman%ip4 ,he introduc$ occasionally into 8 scrolls animals ) foliat$ extremities1 & he also inlaid m>quet]ie trophies ( musical in/rum5ts2 b z a rule ! decoration 0 9 wrea?s ( fl[]s1 husks1 or drap]y1 9 /rict adh]5ce to ! fa%ion ( ! decorations to :i* allusion has be5 made4 ,a *>act]i/ic feature ( 8 cab9ets 0 ! swan-neck$ p$im5t surm\nt+ ! cornice1 be+ a revival ( an ornam5t fa%ionable dur+ ,que5 ,anne's reign4 ,x 0 !n *iefly f\nd 9 /one1 m>ble1 or cut brickwork1 b subsequ5tly became preval5t 9 inlaid woodwork4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*9a ,,cab9et ,,& ,a ,,bookcase ,,) ,,secretaire4 ,design$ by ,t4 ,%]aton1 & publi%$ 9 8 ,cab9et ,mak] & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book1 #agic4 ,%]aton 0 app>5tly a man v well educat$ = 8 "t1 :e!r self taught or n "o _c say2 b t he 0 an excell5t draughtsman1 & _h a complete k ( geometry1 is evid5t f ! skilful draw+s 9 8 book1 & ! c>eful ?\gh r v]bose directions he gives = p]spective draw+4 ,_m ( 8 num]\s designs = furniture & ornam5tal items are drawn to a scale ) ! geometrical nicety ( an eng9e]'s or ar*itect's plan4 ,he has drawn 9 elevation1 plan1 & m9ute detail1 ea* ( ! five ar*itectural ord]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,backs1 ,,f ,,%]aton',s ,,cab9et ,,mak]4 ,! selection made "h f 8 designs = ! purposes ( illu/ration1 is n tak5 f 8 lat] "w1 :i* prop]ly belongs to a future *apt]1 :5 we come to consid] ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & ! translation ( ! ,empire /yle to ,engl&4 ,%]aton publi%$ ,! ,cab9et ,mak] & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book 9 #agic1 & ! li/ ( subscrib]s ^: names & addresses are giv51 ?r[s mu* light on ! subject ( ! furniture ( 8 "t4#ai ,among/ ^! are _m ( 8 ari/ocratic patrons & no less ?an #dej names & addresses ( cab9et mak]s1 *air mak]s1 & c>v]s1 exclusive ( h>psi*ord manufactur]s1 musical in/rum5t mak]s1 uphol/]]s1 & o!r k9dr$ trades4 ,includ$ ) ^! we f9d ! names ( firms :o1 f ! appo9tm5ts !y held1 x may be inf]r$1 _h a high reputation = good "w1 & a lead+ position 9 ! trade1 b :o1 p]haps f ! abs5ce ( a ta/e = gett+ into pr9t & f ! lack ( any br& or m>k by :i* _! "w c be id5tifi$1 h pass$ into oblivion :ile _! contempor>ies are /ill fam\s4 ,! foll[+ names tak5 f ?is li/ are probably ^? ( m5 :o _h = _m ye>s conduct$ well kn[n & old e/abli%$ bus9esses1 b w\ld n[ be b poor ones to conjure )3 :ile ^? ( ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 or ,hepple:ite1 are a ready passport = a d\btful specim54 ,= in/ance3--,france1 ,cab9et ,mak] to ,8 ,maje/y1 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane2 ,*>les ,elliott1 ,uphold] to ,8 ,maje/y & ,cab9et ,mak] to ! ,duke ( ,york1 ,bond ,/reet2 ,campbell & ,sons1 ,cab9et ,mak]s to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ,m>y-le-bone ,/reet1 ,london4 ,besides ^? :o held ,royal appo9tm5ts1 !re 7 o!r manufactur]s ( decorative furniture--,?omas ,johnson1 ,copel&1 ,rob]t ,davy1 a ,fr5* c>v] nam$ ,ni*olas ,collet1 :o settl$ 9 ,engl&1 & _m o!rs4 ,9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll5's l>g] "w on furniture & woodwork1 :i* includes a catalogue ( ! diff]5t examples 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 !re is a li/ ( ! v>i\s arti/s & craftsm5 :o h be5 id5tifi$ ) ! production ( arti/ic furniture ei!r z design]s or manufactur]s1 & ! writ] has f\nd ?is ( consid]able s]vice4 ,9 ! ,app5dix to ?is "w1 ?is li/ has be5 reproduc$1 ) ! addition ( sev]al names 7p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,fr5* s*ool7 omitt$ by ,mr4 ,poll51 & x w1 x is hop$1 prove a useful ref]5ce to ! read]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,al?\gh 9 def]5ce to ! prevail+ ta/e = our ,national manufacture ( ! latt] half ( ! la/ c5tury1 ?is *apt] is some:at long1 on acc\nt ( ! endeav\r to give m detail$ in=mation ab\t ,engli% furniture ( t p]iod1 /ill1 9 conclud+ x1 a few rem>ks ab\t ! ,sidebo>d may be all[$4 ,! *anges 9 =m & fa%ion ( ?is important article ( dome/ic furniture are int]e/+1 & to expla9 !m a slight retrospect is necess>y4 ,! ^w ,buffet1 sometimes translat$ ,sidebo>d1 :i* 0 us$ to describe cont95tal pieces ( furniture ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 does n designate our ,sidebo>d1 :i* may be said to h be5 introduc$ by ,william ,,iii41 & ( :i* k9d !re is a fair specim5 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 an illu/ration ( x has be5 giv5 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) t p]iod4 ,! t]m /ately sidebo>d occurs 9 ,milton's ,p>adise ,rega9$1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afga2 & ,dryd51 9 8 translation ( ,juv5al1 publi%$ 9 #afic1 :5 contra/+ ! furniture ( ! classical p]iod ( :i* he 0 writ+1 ) t ( 8 own "t1 uses ! foll[+ l9e3-- ,no sidebo>ds !n ) gild$ plate 7 dress$4 ,! fa%ion 9 ^? days ( hav+ symmetrical doors 9 a room1 t is1 false doors to correspond ) ! door us$ = exit1 :i* "o /ill f9ds 9 _m old h\ses 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,portl& ,place1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,palaces ( ,/4 ,james' & ( ,k5s+ton1 enabl$ our ance/ors to h good cupbo>ds = ! /orage ( glass1 crock]y1 & res]ve w9e4 ,aft] ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ^! extra doors & ! cupbo>d enclos$ by !m1 gradually disappe>$2 & soon aft] ! mahogany side table came into fa%ion1 x became ! cu/om to supplem5t ?is article ( furniture by an indep5d5t p$e/al cupbo>d on ei!r side 7in/ead ( ! cupbo>ds allud$ to71 "o = hot plates & ! o!r = w9e4 ,!n1 z ! ?9 legs gave ! table r a lanky appe>ance1 ! g>de de v91 or cell>et1 0 add$ 9 ! =m ( an oval tub ( mahogany1 ) b&s ( brass1 sometimes rais$ on l[ feet ) ca/ors = conv5i5ce1 :i* 0 us$ z a w9e cool]4 ,a pair ( urn-%ap$ mahogany vases /ood on ! p$e/als1 & ^! conta9$--! "o hot wat] = ! s]vants' use 9 wa%+ ! knives1 =ks1 & spoons1 :i* be+ !n mu* m valuable 7 limit$ 9 quantity1 & ! o!r held ic$ wat] = ! gue/s' use4 ,to und]/& ?is arrangem5t ! read] is ref]r$ to ! illu/ration on page #aic4 ,a brass rail at ! back ( ! side table1 ) ornam5t$ pill>s & bran*es = c&les1 0 us$1 p>tly to enri* ! furniture1 & p>tly to =m a support to ! h&some pair ( knife & spoon cases1 :i* complet$ ! g>niture ( a g5tleman's sidebo>d ( ?is p]iod4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem t ! mod]n sidebo>d is ! comb9ation ( ^! sep>ate articles into "o piece ( furniture--at diff]5t times & 9 diff]5t fa%ions--fir/ ! p$e/als jo9$ to ! table produc$ our p$e/al sidebo>d1 !n ! mirror 0 jo9$ to ! back1 ! cell>et made "p ( ! int]ior fitt+s1 & ! bani%m5t ( knife cases & urns to ! realms ( ! curiosity hunt]1 or = conv]sion into _s cases & /ation]y hold]s4 ,! s>cophagus1 (t5 ri*ly c>v$1 ( c\rse succe$$ ! simple cell>et ( ,%]aton's p]iod4 ,be=e we dismiss ! furniture ( ! d9+ room ( ?is p]iod1 x may int]e/ "s ( our read]s to "k t until ! fir/ edition ( ,johnson's ,diction>y 0 publi%$ 9 #agee1 ! t]m 0 n to be f\nd 9 ! vocabul>ies ( our language designat+ its pres5t use4 ,9 ,b>rat's ,alve>ic1 publi%$ 9 #aehj1 p>loir1 or p>l]1 0 describ$ z a place to sup 94 ,lat]1 ,m9%eu's ,guide unto ,tongues1 9 #afag1 gave x z an inn] room to d9e or to suppe 91 b ,johnson's def9ition is a room 9 h\ses on ! fir/ floor1 elegantly furni%$ = reception or ent]ta9m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sidebo>d ,,9 ,,mahogany ,,) ,,inlay ,,( ,,sat9wood4 ,,9 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,rob]t ,,adam4 ,to ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury--! ,engli% furniture ( :i* "t has be5 discuss$ 9 ?is ,*apt]--belong ! qua9t little urn /&s :i* 7 made to hold ! urn ) boil+ wat]1 :ile ! tea pot 0 plac$ on a little slide :i* is drawn out f und]nea? ! top4 ,9 ^? days tea 0 an exp5sive luxury1 & urn /&s 7illu/rat$ bel[7 7 inlaid 9 ! fa%ion ( ! "t4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ! old mahogany or m>quet]ie tea caddies1 :i* 7 sometimes ! object ( consid]able skill & c>e1 are da9ty relics ( ! pa/4 ,"o ( ^!1 design$ by ,*ipp5dale1 z illu/rat$ on page #agi1 & ano!r by ,hepple:ite w be f\nd on page #aid4 ,!y 7 fitt$ ) two & sometimes ?ree bottles or tea poys ( silv] or ,batt]sea enamel1 to hold ! black & gre5 teas1 & :5 really good examples ( ^! da9tily-fitt$ tea caddies are (f]$ = sale !y br+ l>ge sums4 ,illu/ration3 ,,urn ,,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,toilet ,,glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,urn ,,/&4 ,! w9e table ( ?is "t des]ves a ^w4 ,^! are n[ some:at r>e1 & are only to be f\nd 9 a few old h\ses1 & 9 "s ( ! ,colleges at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,^! are fitt$ ) revolv+ tops1 :i* _h circles turn$ out to a slight dep? = ea* glass to /& 91 & !y 7 sometimes %ap$ l ! half ( a flat r+4 ,^! latt] 7 = plac+ 9 front ( ! fire1 :5 ! out] side ( ! table =m$ a convivial circle1 r\nd :i* ! sitt]s ga!r$ aft] !y _h left ! d9n] table4 ,"o ( ^! old tables is /ill to be se5 9 ! ,hall ( ,gray's ,inn1 & ! writ] 0 told t its fell[ 0 brok5 & _h be5 s5t away4 ,!y are ne>ly always ( good ri* mahogany1 & h legs m or less ornam5tal accord+ to circum/ances4 ,a di/+ui%+ feature ( ,engli% furniture ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 ! p>tiality = secret draw]s & contrivances = hid+ away pap]s or valu$ articles2 & 9 old secretaires & writ+ tables we f9d a great _m +5i\s designs :i* rem9d u ( ! days :5 !re 7 b few banks1 & p kept money & de$s 9 _! own cu/ody4 ,! read] :o w\ld make a c>eful /udy ( ,engli% furniture ( ! p]iod discuss$ 9 ?is *apt]1 is ref]r$ to ! exhau/ive "w edit$ by ,mr4 ,john ,aldam ,heaton1 & publi%$ by ,mr4 ,bumpus 9 p>ts3--,furniture & ,decoration 9 ,engl& dur+ ! #ah? ,c5tury1 be+ facsimile reproductions ( ! *oice/ examples f ! works ( ,*ipp5dale1 ,adam1 ,g4 ,ri*>dson1 ,hepple:ite1 ,%]aton1 ,piranesi1 & o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,j>d9i]e1 ,,by ,,*ipp5dale4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #af3 ,! univ]sal sy/em ( ,h\sehold ,furniture1 #cjj designs on #ie plates1 folio4 ,london4 ,n4,d4 7circa #aggj7 ,footnote #ag3 ,mat?ias ,lock publi%$ ,a new book ( pi] frames1 ovals1 gir&oles1 tables1 etc4 ,imp4 #hvo41 #agfi4 ,footnote #ah3 ,! ,c\rt room ( ! ,/ation]s' ,hall conta9s an excell5t set ( tables ( ?is k9d4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! late ,mr4 ,adam ,black1 s5ior p>tn] 9 ! publi%+ firm ( ,a4 & ,c4 ,black1 & ,"l ,macaulay's colleague 9 ,p>liam5t1 :5 q a "y man1 assi/$ ,%]aton 9 ! production ( ?is book2 at t "t ! fam\s design] ( furniture 0 9 poor circum/ances4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,fir/ ,half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,fir/ ,empire--,influ5ce on design ( ,napoleon's ,campaigns--,! ,cab9et pres5t$ to ,m>ie ,l\ise--,dut* ,furniture ( ! "t--,engli% ,furniture---,%]aton's lat] "w--,?omas ,hope1 ar*itect--,george ,smi?'s designs--,fa%ion dur+ ! ,reg5cy--,go?ic revival--,s$don's furniture--,o!r mak]s--,influ5ce on design ( ! ,re/oration 9 ,france--,furniture ( ,william ,,iv4 & e>ly "p ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign--,b>oque & ,rococo /yles--,! panell+ ( rooms1 dado1 & skirt+--,! ,art ,union--,! ,society ( ,arts--,sir ,*>les ,b>ry & ! new ,palace ( ,we/m9/]--,pug9's designs--,auction ,prices ( ,furniture--,*ri/ie's--,! ,london ,club ,h\ses--,/eam--,diff]5t ,trade ,cu/oms--,exhibitions 9 ,france & ,engl&--,h>ry ,rog]s "w--,! ,que5's cradle--,/ate ( ,art 9 ,engl& dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign--,cont95tal designs--,italian c>v+--,cab9et "w--,g5]al rem>ks4 ,,empire ,,furniture4 ,!re are great crises 9 ! hi/ory ( a nation :i* /& out 9 prom95t relief4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :i* comm5c$ 9 #agib1 & wr\ght su* dire havoc among/ ! ari/ocracy1 ) s mu* mis]y & di/ress ?r\gh\t t c\ntry4 ,x 0 an ev5t ( great importance1 :e!r we consid] ! religion1 ! politics1 or ! mann]s & cu/oms ( a p1 z affect+ ! *anges 9 ! /yle ( ! decoration ( _! homes4 ,! horrors ( ! ,revolution are matt]s ( common k to e s*oolboy1 & !re is no ne$ to dwell ei!r ^u !m or _! consequ5ces1 :i* are s ?or\ghly app>5t4 ,to ! confiscation ( ! prop]ty ( ^? :o _h fl$ ! c\ntry1 0 add$ ! g5]al dislocation ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! "w ( ! indu/rial arts4 ,nev]!less x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t among/ ! an>*y & disord] ( ?is t]rible "t 9 ,france1 ! ,national ,conv5tion _h suffici5t =esight to appo9t a ,commission1 compos$ ( compet5t m5 9 diff]5t bran*es ( ,art1 to det]m9e :at ,/ate prop]ty 9 arti/ic objects %\ld be sold1 & :at 0 ( suffici5t hi/orical int]e/ to be reta9$ z a national possession4 ,ries5]1 ! celebrat$ b5i/e1 ^: "w we h describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,l\is ,seize furniture1 & ,david1 ! fam\s pa9t] ( ! "t1 bo? s]v$ on ?is ,commission1 ( :i* !y mu/ h be5 valuable memb]s4 ,!re is a passage 9 an article on ,art1 by a democratic ,fr5* writ]1 z e>ly z #agij--:5 ! great /orm cl\d 0 already ?reat5+ to bur/--:i* is quot$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,p]k9s1 ! ,am]ican translator ( ,dr4 ,falke's ,g]man "w1 ,kun/ im ,hause1 & gives u ! keynote to ! great *ange :i* took place 9 ! fa%ion ( furniture ab\t ! "t ( ! ,revolution3--,we h *ang$ ev]y?+2 fre$om1 n[ consolidat$ 9 ,france1 has re/or$ ! pure ta/e = ! antique6 ,f>ewell to y\r m>quet]ie & ,b\le1 y\r ribbons1 fe/oons1 & rosettes ( gild$ bronze2 ! h\r has come :5 objects mu/ be made to h>monize ) circum/ances4 ,?us x is h>dly too mu* to say t designs 7 gov]n$ by ! politics & philosophy ( ! day2 & "o f9ds 9 furniture ( ?is p]iod1 ! reproduction ( anci5t ,greek =ms = *airs & c\*es2 ladies' "w tables1 too1 are fa%ion$ some:at aft] ! old draw+s ( sacrificial alt>s2 & ! classical tripod is a fav\rite support4 ,! m\nt+s repres5t antique ,roman fasces ) an axe 9 ! c5tre2 trophies ( lances1 surm\nt$ by a ,phrygian cap ( lib]ty2 w+$ figures1 emblematic ( fre$om2 & antique heads ( helmet$ w>riors arrang$ l cameo m$allions4 ,aft] ! execution ( ,robespi]re1 & ! abolition ( ! ,revolution>y ,tribunal 9 #agid1 came ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,directory2 & !n1 aft] ,buonap>te's brilliant success 9 ,italy1 & ! fam\s exp$itions to ,syria & ,egypt two ye>s lat]1 came 8 proclamation z ,fir/ ,consul 9 #agii1 :i*1 9 #ahjb1 0 confirm$ z a life appo9tm5t4 ,we h only to ref] to ! portrait ( ! great soldi]1 repres5t$ ) ! cr[n ( bay leaves & o!r attributes ( ! old ,roman imp]ialism1 to see t 9 8 m9d 0 ! ambition ( reviv+ mu* ( ! spl5d\r & ( ! surr\nd+s ( ! ,cs>s1 :om he took1 to "s ext5t1 z 8 models2 & t 9 f\nd+ on ! a%es ( ! ,revolution a new fabric1 ) new p ab\t him1 all influ5c$ by 8 en]getic p]sonality1 he desir$ to m>k 8 victories by /amp+ ! new ord] ( ?+s ) 8 p[]ful & ass]tive individualism4 ,! cab9et :i* 0 design$ & made = ,m>ie ,l\ise1 on 8 m>riage ) h] 9 #ahaj1 is an excell5t example ( ! ,napoleonic furniture4 ,! wood us$ = ?is /yle ( furniture 0 almo/ inv>iably ri* mahogany1 ! color ( :i* made a good gr\nd = ! bronze gilt m\nts :i* 7 appli$4 ,! full-page illu/ration %ews ^! m\nt+s1 :i* are all classical 9 "*2 & ?\gh !re is no p>ticul> grace 9 ! outl9e or =m ( ! cab9et1 !re is a c]ta9 dignity & solemnity1 reliev$ f oppressiv5ess by ! f9e *as+ & gild+ ( ! metal enri*m5ts1 & ! excell5t color & figur+ ( ! ri* ,spani% mahogany us$4 ,?is cab9et1 & sev]al o!r m or less ornate pieces ( ,napoleonic furniture1 may /ill be se5 9 ! ,*ateau ( ,fonta9ebleau4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,9 ,,mahogany ,,) ,,bronze ,,gilt ,,m\nt+s4 ,pres5t$ by ,napoleon ,i4 to ,m>ie ,l\ise on 8 ,m>riage ) h] 9 #ahaj4 ,,p]iod3 ,,napoleon ,i4 ,on secretaires & tables1 a common ornam5t ( ?is description ( furniture1 is a column ( mahogany1 ) a capital & base ( bronze 7ei!r gilt1 "p gilt1 or gre571 9 ! =m ( ! head ( a sph9x ) ! foot ( an animal2 console tables are support$ by sph9xes & griff9s3 & c&elabra & wall brackets = c&les1 h w+$ figures ( females1 /iff 9 modell+ & con/ra9$ 9 attitude1 b almo/ inv>iably ( good mat]ial ) c>eful f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tab\ret1 ,,or ,,/ool4 ,c>v$ & ,gilt4 ,,arm ,,*air4 ,9 ,mahogany1 ) ,gilt ,bronze ,m\nt+s4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,napoleon ,i4 ,! bas-reliefs 9 metal :i* ornam5t ! panels ( ! friezes ( cab9ets1 or ! m>ble bases ( clocks1 are ei!r reproductions ( my?ological subjects f old ,italian gems & seals1 or repres5t ! battles ( ! ,emp]or1 9 :i* ,napoleon is portray$ z a ,roman g5]al4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( room to replace s mu* t _h disappe>$ dur+ ! ,revolution1 & a va/ quantity ( decorative furniture 0 made dur+ ! few ye>s :i* elaps$ be=e ! disa/] ( ,wat]loo caus$ ! disappe>ance ( a p[] :i* _h be5 almo/ meteoric 9 its c>e]4 ,"o ( ! be/ au?orities on ,empire ,furniture is ! book ( designs publi%$ 9 #ahji by ! ar*itects ,p]ci] & ,fonta9e4 ,x is ! m valuable1 z a "w ( ref]5ce1 f ! fact t e design repres5t$ 0 actually c>ri$ out1 & is n a m]e ex]cise ( fancy1 z is ! case ) _m su* books4 ,9 ! preface ! au?ors mode/ly /ate t !y are entirely indebt$ to ! antique = ! reproduction ( ! diff]5t ornam5ts2 & ! orig9als1 f :i* "s ( ! designs 7 tak51 are /ill pres]v$ 9 a fragm5t>y =m 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,vatican4 ,! illu/ration on page #bje ( an arm *air & a /ool1 toge!r ) t ( ! tripod table :i* ornam5ts ! initial lett] ( ?is *apt]1 are fav\rable examples ( ! ri*ly-m\nt$ & m decorative furniture ( ?is /yle4 ,:ile !y are n free f ! /iffness & con/ra9t :i* are insep>able f classic designs z appli$ to furniture1 ! ri* color ( ! mahogany1 ! high f9i% & good gild+ ( ! bronze m\nts1 & ! co/ly silk ) :i* !y are cov]$1 r5d] !m attractive & give !m a value ( _! own4 ,! m ord9>y furniture1 h[ev]1 ( ! same /yle1 b )\t ^! decorative accessories1 is /iff1 unga9ly1 & uncom=table1 & seems to rem9d u ( a p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,france :5 political & social di/urbance depriv$ ! arti/ic & pleasure-lov+ ,fr5*man ( 8 peace ( m9d1 di/ract+ 8 att5tion f ! c>eful consid]ation ( 8 "w4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t1 9 ord] to supply a dem& :i* has lately aris51 *iefly 9 ,new ,york1 b also to "s ext5t 9 ,engl&1 = ! be/ ,empire furniture1 ! ,fr5* deal]s h b\ght up "s ( ! old undecorat$ pieces1 & by ornam5t+ !m ) gilt bronze m\nts1 ca/ f good old patt]ns1 h sold !m z orig9al examples ( ! meubles de luxe ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ,dut* furniture ( ?is "t "o sees ! reproduction ( ! ,napoleonic fa%ion--! cont9uation ( ! ,revolutioni/s' classicalism4 ,_m m>quet]ie secretaires1 tables1 *airs1 & o!r l articles1 are m\nt$ ) ! heads & feet ( animals1 ) lion's heads & sph9xes1 designs :i* c\ld h be5 d]iv$ f no o!r s\rce2 & ! g5]al design ( ! furniture loses its bomb =m1 & becomes rectangul> & sev]e4 ,:atev] difficulty !re may be 9 sometimes decid+ betwe5 ! designs ( ! ,l\is ,,xiv4 p]iod1 t[>ds its close1 & t ( ,l\is ,,xv41 !re c be no mi/ake ab\t l'epo* de la ,directoire & le /yle de l',empire4 ,^! are m>k$ & br&$ ) ! ,egyptian exp$ition1 & ! ,syrian campaign1 z legibly z if !y all bore ! famili> pla9 ,roman ,n1 surr\nd$ by a laurel wrea?1 or ! ,imp]ial eagle :i* _h s (t5 l$ ! ,fr5* legions to victory4 ,x is curi\s to notice h[ ,engl&1 ?\gh s bitt]ly oppos$ to ,napoleon1 caught ! infection ( ! dom9ant features ( design :i* 7 preval5t 9 ,france ab\t ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nelson',s ,,*airs4 ,,designs ,,publi%$ ,,by ,t4 ,,%]aton1 ,,octob]1 #ahjf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*air4 ,design publi%$ by ,t4 ,%]aton1 ,april1 #ahjd4 ,?us1 9 ,%]aton's ,book on ,furniture1 to :i* allusion has be5 made1 & f :i* illu/rations h be5 giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,*ipp5dale & 8 ,contempor>ies1 !re is evid5ce t1 z 9 ,france dur+ ! influ5ce ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 !re 0 a classical revival1 & ! l9es became /raight] & m sev]e = furniture1 s ?is alt]ation 0 adopt$ by ,%]aton1 ,%e>] & o!r ,engli% design]s at ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,b if we ref] to ,%]aton's lat] draw+s1 :i* are dat$ ab\t #ahjd to #ahjf1 we see ! con/ra9$ figures & heads & feet ( animals1 all br\ght into ! designs z %ewn 9 ! draw+ room *airs "h illu/rat$4 ,^! %ew unmi/akable signs ( ! ,fr5* ,empire influ5ce1 ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ,engli% "w be+1 t1 :]eas 9 ,fr5* ,empire furniture ! excell5ce ( ! metal "w r$eems x f heav9ess or ugl9ess1 su* m]it 0 want+ 9 ,engl&1 :]e we h nev] excell$ 9 bronze "w1 ! ornam5t be+ g5]ally c>v$ 9 wood1 ei!r gilt or color$ bronze-gre54 ,:5 metal 0 us$ x 0 brass1 ca/ & fairly f9i%$ by ! *as]1 b mu* m clumsy ?an ! ,fr5* "w4 ,!re=e1 ! ,engli% furniture ( ! fir/ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is /iff1 massive1 & heavy1 equally ) its ,fr5* contempor>y want+ 9 gracefulness1 & n hav+ ! comp5sat+ attractions ( f9e m\nt+1 or ! orig9ality & individuality :i* mu/ always add an int]e/ to ,napoleonic furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*air4 ,design publi%$ by ,t4 ,%]aton1 ,april #a1 #ahjd4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 made ab\t ?is "t by ,gill[1 to ^: e>li] "w ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 "s excell5t furniture1 :i*1 :ile to "s ext5t foll[+ ! fa%ion ( ! day1 did s m reasonably4 ,! rosewood & mahogany tables1 *airs1 cab9ets1 & sidebo>ds ( 8 make1 inlaid ) scrolls & l9es ( flat brass1 & m\nt$ ) h&les & feet ( brass1 g5]ally repres5t+ ! heads & claws ( lions1 d great cr$it to ! ,engli% "w ( ?is "t4 ,! s(a table & sidebo>d1 illu/rat$ on ! previ\s page1 are ( ?is class1 & %ew t ,%]aton1 too1 design$ furniture ( a less pron\nc$ "*1 z well z ! heavi] k9d to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canopy ,,b$4 ,,design ,,publi%$ ,,by ,t4 ,,%]aton1 ,,novemb] #i,,?1 #ahjc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,si/]s' ,,cyl9d] ,,bookcase4 ,,design$ ,,by ,t4 ,,%]aton1 #ahjb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sidebo>d4 ,9 ,mahogany1 ) ,brass ,rail & ,convex ,mirror at back4 ,design publi%$ by ,t4 ,%]aton1 #ahjb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s(a ,,table4 ,design publi%$ by ,t4 ,%]aton1 #ahjd4 ,a v fav\rable example ( ! craze 9 ,engl& = classic design 9 furniture & decoration1 is %ewn 9 ! reproduction ( a draw+ by ,?omas ,hope 7kn[n z ,ana/asius ,hope71 9 #ahjg1 a well-kn[n ar*itect ( ! "t1 9 :i* x w be obs]v$ t ! =ms & fa%ions ( "s ( ! *airs & tables describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! *apt] on ,anci5t ,furniture h be5 tak5 z models4 ,!re 7 sev]al mak]s ( fir/-class furniture1 ( :om ! names ( "s /ill survive 9 ! /yle & title ( firms ( ! pres5t day1 :o are _! successors1 :ile ^? ( o!rs h be5 =gott51 save by "s ( our old] manufactur]s & auctione]s1 :o1 at ! reque/ ( ! writ]1 h be5 good en\gh to look up old records & revive ! memories ( fifty ye>s ago4 ,( ^! ! be/ kn[n 0 ,?omas ,s$don1 :o came f ,man*e/] & settl$ 9 ,ald]sgate ,/reet4 ,8 two sons succe$$ to ! bus9ess1 became cab9et mak]s to ,george ,,iv41 & furni%$ & decorat$ ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,at ! ,k+'s dea? _! acc\nt 0 disput$1 & #cj1jjj 0 /ruck (f1 a loss :i* necessitat$ an arrangem5t ) _! cr$itors4 ,%ortly aft] ?is1 h[ev]1 !y took ! ,b>racks ( ! ,london ,light ,horse ,volunte]s 9 ! ,gray's ,inn ,road 7n[ ! ,hospital71 & c>ri$ on !re = a "t a v ext5sive bus9ess4 ,s$don's "w rank$ ) ,gill['s1 & !y %>$ ) t h\se ! be/ ord]s = furniture4 ,?omas ,s$don1 pa9t] ( ,ori5tal subjects1 :o di$ 9 #ahef1 & ,p4 ,s$don1 a well-kn[n ar*itect1 7 gr&sons ( ! orig9al f\nd] ( ! firm4 ,on ! dea? ( ! eld] bro!r1 ,?omas1 ! y\ng] "o !n transf]r$ 8 connection to ! firm ( ,john/one & ,jeanes1 9 ,bond ,/reet1 ano!r old h\se :i* until rec5tly c>ri$ on bus9ess z ,john/one & ,norman1 & :o "s few ye>s ago execut$ a v extravagant ord] = an ,am]ican millionaire4 ,?is 0 a reproduction ( ,byzant9e designs 9 furniture ( c$>1 ebony1 ivory1 & pe>l1 made f draw+s by ! late ,sir ,alma ,tadema1 ,r4,a4 ,snell1 ( ,albem>le ,/reet1 0 e/abli%$ e>ly 9 ! c5tury1 & _h obta9$ an excell5t reputation2 8 specialit 0 well-made bir* b$room suites1 b he also made furniture ( a g5]al description4 ,! pr$ecessor ( ! pres5t firm ( ,h[>d & ,son1 :o comm5c$ bus9ess 9 ,:ite*apel z e>ly z #ahjj1 & ! fir/ ,morant1 may all be m5tion$ z manufactur]s 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,( ,a ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,classic ,,/yle1 ,,by ,,?omas ,,hope1 ,,ar*itect1 ,,9 #ahjg4 ,some:at lat]1 ,trollopes1 ( ,p>liam5t ,/reet2 ,holl&1 :o _h succe$$ ,d[bigg9 7,gill['s appr5tice71 fir/ 9 ,great ,pult5ey ,/reet1 & subsequ5tly at ! firm's pres5t address2 ,wilk9son1 ( ,ludgate ,hill1 f\nd] ( ! pres5t firm ( uphol/]]s 9 ,bond ,/reet2 ,asp9wall1 ( ,grosv5or ,/reet2 ! second ,morant1 ( :om ! great ,duke ( ,well+ton made a p]sonal fri5d2 & ,crace1 a prom95t decorator ( great ta/e1 :o c>ri$ out _m ( ,pug9's ,go?ic designs1 7 all m5 ( good reputation4 ,miles & ,edw>ds1 ( ,ox=d ,/reet1 :om ,h9dleys succe$$1 7 also well kn[n = good middle-class furniture4 ,^! are "s ( ! be/ kn[n manufactur]s ( ! fir/ half ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & ?\gh until aft] ! ,great ,exhibition !re 01 z a rule1 little 9 ! designs to r5d] _! productions rem>kable1 ! "w ( ^? nam$ w be f\nd s\nd 9 con/ruction1 & free f ! faults :i* accompany ! *eap & %[y reproductions ( m pret5ti\s /yles1 :i* m>k s mu* ( ! furniture ( ! pres5t day4 ,) reg>d to ?is1 m w be said 9 ! next *apt]4 ,!re 0 !n a v limit$ m>ket = any b ! mo/ commonplace furniture4 ,our weal?y p b\ght ! productions ( ,fr5* cab9et mak]s1 ei!r made 9 ,p>is or by ,fr5*m5 :o came ov] to ,engl&1 & ! middle classes 7 cont5t ) ! mo/ ord9>y & useful articles4 ,if !y _h possess$ ! means1 !y c]ta9ly _h nei!r ! ta/e nor ! education to furni% m ambiti\sly4 ,! great ext5t ( suburbs :i* n[ surr\nd ! ,metropolis1 & :i* include su* numb]s ( exp5sive & extravagantly-fitt$ resid5ces ( m]*ants & tradesm51 did n !n exi/4 ,! latt] liv$ ov] _! %ops or w>eh\ses1 & ! =m] only aspir$ to a dull h\se 9 ,bloomsbury1 or l ,david ,copp]field's fa!r-9-law1 ,mr4 ,sp5l[1 a villa at ,norwood1 or p]haps a c\ntry resid5ce at ,hamp/ead or ,highgate4 ,9 #ahjh a design] & mak] ( furniture1 ,george ,smi? by "n1 :o held ! appo9tm5t ( ,uphold] extraord9>y to ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & c>ri$ on bus9ess at ,pr9cess ,/reet1 ,cav5di% ,squ>e1 produc$ a book ( designs1 #aeh 9 numb]1 publi%$ by ,wm4 ,taylor1 ( ,holborn4 ,^! include cornices1 w9d[ drap]y1 b$/eads1 tables1 *airs1 bookcases1 commodes1 & o!r furniture1 ! titles ( "s ( :i* occur = ab\t ! fir/ "t 9 our vocabul>ies1 hav+ be5 adapt$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,escritoire1 j>d9ire1 dejun-tables1 *iffoni]s 7! spell+ copi$ f ,smi?'s book71 all be> ! impress ( ! pseudo-classic ta/e2 & 8 designs1 "s ( :i* are "h reproduc$1 %[ ! fa%ion ( our s-call$ arti/ic furniture 9 ,engl& at ! "t ( ! ,reg5cy4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 9 ! ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks prefac+ 8 illu/rations1 gives u an idea ( ! prevail+ ta/e1 :i*1 look+ back n[ "s ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury1 x is in/ructive to p]use3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,fauteuil4 ,reproduc$ f ,smi?'s ,book ( ,designs1 publi%$ 9 #ahjd4 ,! foll[+ practical obs]vations on ! v>i\s woods employ$ 9 cab9et "w may be useful4 ,mahogany1 :5 us$ 9 h\ses ( consequ5ce1 %\ld be conf9$ to ! p>l\r & ! b$*amb] floors4 ,9 furniture = ^! ap>tm5ts ! less inlay ( o!r woods1 ! m *a/e w be ! /yle ( "w4 ,if ! wood be ( a f9e1 compact1 & bright quality1 ! ornam5ts may be c>v$ clean 9 ! mahogany4 ,:]e x may be requisite to make out panell+ by an inlay ( l9es1 let ^? l9es be ( brass or ebony4 ,9 draw+-rooms1 b\doirs1 ante-rooms1 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,india sat9 woods1 rosewood1 tulip wood1 & ! o!r v>ieties ( woods br\ght f ! ,ea/1 may be us$2 ) sat9 & light col\r$ woods ! decorations may be ( ebony or rosewood2 ) rosewood let ! decorations be ormolu1 & ! inlay ( brass4 ,bronze metal1 ?\gh sometimes us$ ) sat9 wood1 has a cold & poor effect3 x suits bett] on gilt "w1 & w answ] well en\gh on mahogany4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>lor ,,*airs4 ,%ew+ ! inlay ( ,brass ref]r$ to4 ,f ,smi?'s ,book ( ,designs1 publi%$ 9 #ahjh4 ,among/ ! designs publi%$ by him are "s few ( a subdu$ ,go?ic "*2 ^! are g5]ally c>v$ 9 light oak1 or pa9t$ light /one color1 & h1 9 "s cases1 h]aldic %ields1 ) cre/s & coats ( arms pick$ out 9 color4 ,!re are w9d[ seats pa9t$ to imitate m>ble1 ) ! ,roman or ,greco-,roman ornam5ts pa9t$ gre5 to repres5t bronze4 ,! lea/ objectionable are ^? ( mahogany ) bronze gre5 ornam5ts4 ,( ! furniture ( ?is p]iod !re are sev]al pieces 9 ! ,mansion ,h\se1 9 ! ,city ( ,london1 :i* app>5tly 0 p>tly refurni%$ ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookcase4 ,,design ,,publi%$ ,,by ,t4 ,,%]aton1 ,,june #ab,,?1 #ahjf4 ,note4--,v simil> bookcases are 9 ! ,london ,mansion ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ ,,room ,,*airs ,,9 ,,pr(ile4 ,f ,g4 ,smi?'s ,book1 publi%$ 9 #ahjh4 ,9 ! ,c\rt ,room ( ! ,sk9n]s' ,company !re are tables :i* are n[ fitt$ ) ext5sions1 s z to =m a horse%oe table = committee meet+s4 ,!y are good examples ( ! heavy & solid c>v+ 9 mahogany1 e>ly 9 ! c5tury be=e ! fa%ion ( repres5t+ ! heads & feet ( animals 9 ! designs ( furniture _h gone out4 ,^! tables h massive legs1 ) lions' heads & claws1 c>v$ ) great skill & %ew+ mu* _s1 ! wood be+ ( ! be/ quality & ri* 9 color4 ,,e>ly ,,victorian4 ,9 ! "w ( ! manufactur]s j enum]at$ may be trac$ ! influ5ce ( ! ,empire /yle4 ,) ! re/oration1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,mon>*y 9 ,france1 came ! inevitable *ange 9 fa%ions1 & ,le /yle de l',empire 0 condemn$4 ,9 its place came a revival ( ! ,l\is ,qu9ze scrolls & curves1 b ) less "* & re/ra9t1 until ! /yle we "k z b>oque1#bj or debas$ rococo came 94 ,ornam5t ( a florid & incongru\s "* 0 lavi%$ on decorative furniture1 indicative ( a ta/e = display1 r ?an = appropriate enri*m5t4 ,x _h be5 our ,engli% cu/om = "s long p]iod to take our fa%ions f ,france1 &1 !re=e1 ab\t ! "t ( ,william ,,iv4 & dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign1 ! furniture = our be/ h\ses 0 design$ & made 9 ! ,fr5* /yle4 ,9 ! ,music ,room at ,*atswor? are "s *airs & foot/ools us$ at ! "t ( ! ,coronation ( ,william ,,iv4 & ,que5 ,adelaide1 :i* h q ! appe>ance ( ,fr5* furniture4 ,! old fa%ion ( l9+ rooms ) oak panell+1 :i* has be5 notic$ 9 ! e>li] *apt]1 _h und]gone a *ange wor? record+4 ,if ! illu/ration ( ! ,elizabe?an oak panell+1 z giv5 9 ! ,engli% section ( ,*apt] ,,iii41 be ref]r$ to1 x w be se5 t ! oak l9+ rea*es f ! floor to )9 ab\t two or ?ree feet ( ! cornice4 ,subsequ5tly ?is panell+ 0 divid$ into an upp] & a l[] "p1 ! =m] comm5c+ ab\t ! height ( ! back ( an ord9>y *air1 a m\ld+ or *air-rail =m+ a capp+ to ! l[] "p4 ,!n pictures came to be let into ! panell+3 & pres5tly ! upp] "p 0 disc>d$ & ! l[] wa9scot+ rema9$1 prop]ly t]m$ ! ,dado1#ba :i* we h se5 reviv$ bo? 9 wood & 9 v>i\s decorative mat]ials ( ! pres5t day4 ,dur+ ! p]iod we are n[ discuss+1 ?is arrangem5t lo/ fav\r 9 ! eyes ( our gr&fa!rs1 & ! l[e/ memb]1 or base1 ( ! ,dado only 0 reta9$1 :i* is n[ t]m$ ! skirt+ bo>d4 ,z we approa* a p]iod t our old] contempor>ies c rememb]1 x is v int]e/+ to turn ov] ! leaves ( ! back numb]s ( su* magaz9es & newspap]s z treat$ ( ! ,indu/rial ,arts4 ,! ,art ,union1 :i* *ang$ its title to ! ,art ,j\rnal 9 #ahdi1 _h !n be5 9 exi/5ce = ab\t t5 ye>s1 & _h done good "w 9 promot+ ! enc\ragem5t ( ,art & manufactures4 ,! ,society ( ,arts _h be5 =m$ 9 ,london z long ago z #agef1 & _h giv5 prizes = designs & me?ods ( improv+ diff]5t processes ( manufacture4 ,exhibitions ( ! specim5s s5t 9 = competition = ! aw>ds 71 & are /ill1 held at _! h\se 9 ,adelphi ,build+s4 ,old volumes ( ,transactions ( ! ,society are qua9t works ( ref]5ce ) reg>d to ^! exhibitions4 ,ab\t #ahdj1 ,mr41 aft]w>ds ,sir1 ,*>les ,b>ry1 ,r4,a41 _h design$ & comm5c$ ! pres5t1 or1 z x 0 !n call$1 ! ,new ,palace ( ,we/m9/]1 & foll[+ ! ,go?ic "* ( ! build+1 ! furniture & fitt+s 7 naturally ( a design to h>monize ) :at 0 !n q a dep>ture f ! heavy ar*itectural ta/e ( ! day4 ,mr4 ,b>ry 0 ! fir/ 9 ! la/ c5tury to leave ! beat5 track1 al?\gh ! ,re=m & ,travell]s' ,clubs _h already be5 design$ by him on m classic l9es4 ,! ,speak]'s *air 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons is evid5tly design$ aft] "o ( ! fifte5? c5tury canopi$ seats1 :i* h be5 notic$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! second *apt]2 & ! l95 scroll patt]n panels c be c\nt$ by ! ?\s& 9 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t & ! diff]5t (ficial resid5ces :i* =m "p ( ! ,palace4 ,! "* ( ! "w is subdu$ & n flamboyant1 is excell5t 9 design & workman%ip1 & is highly cr$itable1 :5 we take into consid]ation ! v l[ /ate ( ,art 9 ,engl& fifty ye>s ago4 ,?is want ( ta/e 0 v mu* discuss$ 9 ! p]iodicals ( ! day1 &1 yield+ to express$ public op9ion1 ,gov]nm5t _h 9 #ahdj-a appo9t$ a ,select ,committee to take into consid]ation ! promotion ( ! ,f9e ,arts 9 ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,b>ry1 ,mr4 ,ea/lake1 & ,sir ,m>t9 ,%ee1 ,r4,a41 7 among/ ! witnesses exam9$4 ,! report ( ?is ,committee1 9 #ahda1 conta9$ ! op9ion ,t su* an important & ,national "w z ! erection ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t af=ds an opportunity1 :i* ought n to be neglect$1 ( enc\rag+1 n only ! high]1 b e subord9ate bran* ( ,f9e ,art 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,augu/us ,welby ,pug9 0 a well-kn[n design] ( ! ,go?ic /yle ( furniture ( ?is "t4 ,born 9 #ahaa1 he _h publi%$ 9 #ahce 8 ,designs = ,go?ic ,furniture1 & subsequ5tly 8 ,gloss>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,ornam5t & ,co/ume2 & by skilful application ( 8 k to ! decorations ( ! diff]5t ecclesia/ical build+s he design$1 8 reputation became e/abli%$4 ,"o ( 8 designs is "h reproduc$4 ,pug9's "w & reputation h surviv$1 not)/&+ ! furi\s opposition he met ) at ! "t4 ,9 a review ( "o ( 8 books1 9 ! ,art ,union ( #ahci1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce completes ! criticism3--,z x is a common occurr5ce 9 life to f9d g5ius mi/ak5 = madness1 s does x sometimes happ5 t a madman is mi/ak5 = a g5ius4 ,mr4 ,welby ,pug9 has (t5times appe>$ to u to be a case 9 po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prie-,,dieu4 ,9 ,c>v$ ,oak1 enri*$ ) ,pa9t+ & ,gild+4 ,design$ by ,mr4 ,pug91 & manufactur$ by ,mr4 ,crace1 ,london4 ,at ?is "t furniture design & manufacture1 z an ,indu/rial ,art 9 ,engl&1 seems to h attract$ no att5tion :atev]4 ,!re are b few allusions to ! design ( decorative woodwork 9 ! p]iodicals ( ! day2 & ! auctione]s' adv]tisem5ts--) a few notable exceptions1 l t ( ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,collection ( ,horace ,walpole1 gave no descriptions2 no p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! subject appe>s to h be5 manife/$1 save by a v limit$ numb] ( ! dilettanti1 :o1 l ,walpole1 collect$ ! curios & cab9ets ( two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,secretaire ,,& ,,bookcase4 ,9 ,c>v$ ,oak1 9 /yle ( ,g]man ,go?ic4 7,f a ,draw+ by ,pr(essor ,heidel(f4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,art ,union1 #ahdf47 ,york ,h\se 0 r$ecorat$ & furni%$ ab\t ?is "t1 & z x is describ$ z ,excell+ any o!r dwell+ ( its own class 9 regal magnific5ce & vie+ ) ! ,royal ,palaces ( ,europe1 we may take note ( an acc\nt ( its re-equipm5t1 writt5 9 #ahda1 = ! ,art ,union4 ,?is notice speaks little = ! ta/e ( ! p]iod1 & less = ! k & grasp ( ! subject by ! writ] ( an ,art critique ( ! day3--,! furniture g5]ally is ( no p>ticul> /yle1 b1 on ! :ole1 !re is to be f\nd a m+l+ ( ev]y?+1 9 ! be/ mann] ( ! be/ epo*s ( ta/e4 ,writ+ fur!r on ( ! ottoman c\*es1 causeses1 etc41 ! critic goes on to tell ( an alt]ation 9 fa%ion :i* _h evid5tly j tak5 place3 ,"s ( !m1 9 place ( pla9 or c>v$ rosewood or mahogany1 are ornam5t$ 9 :ite enamel1 ) classic subjects 9 bas-relief ( p]fect execution4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! p]iod embrac$ 9 ! limits ( ?is *apt]1 ! em95t firm ( ,jackson & ,graham 0 mak+ headway4 ,a ,fr5* design] nam$ ,prignot 0 ( consid]able assi/ance 9 e/abli%+ _! reputation = ta/e2 & 9 ! ,exhibition :i* 0 soon to take place ?is firm took a v prom95t position4 ,coll9son & ,lock1#bb :o aft]w>ds acquir$ ?is firm's premises & bus9ess1 7 bo? br\ght up 9 ! h\se z "y m51 & left "s ?irty odd ye>s ago = ,h]r+s1 ( ,fleet ,/reet1 :om !y succe$$ ab\t #ahgj4 ,ano!r well-kn[n decorator :o design$ & manufactur$ furniture ( good quality 0 ,leon>d ,william ,collmann1 fir/ ( ,b\v]ie ,/reet1 & lat] ( ,george ,/reet1 ,portman ,squ>e4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,sydney ,smirke1 ,r4,a4 7:o design$ & built ! ,c>lton & ! ,cons]vative ,clubs71 & 0 himself an excell5t draughtsman1 & c>ri$ out ! decoration & furni%+ ( _m public build+s1 ,london ,clubs1 & mansions ( ! nobility & g5try4 ,8 son is at pres5t ,director ( ,decorations to ! ,k+ at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,collmann's designs 7 occasionally ,go?ic1 b g5]ally classic4 ,!re is evid5ce ( ! want ( int]e/ 9 ! subject ( furniture 9 ! auctione]s' catalogues ( ! day4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,manson & ,woods1 ! writ] has _h access to ! records ( ?is old firm1 & two or ?ree in/ances ( sales ( furniture may be giv54 ,:ile ! catalogues ( ! ,picture sales ( #ahcj-dj 7 pr9t$ on pap] ( qu>to size1 & ! subjects describ$ at l5g?1 ^? ( ,furniture are ( ! old-fa%ion$ small octavo size1 resembl+ ! catalogue ( a small c\ntry auctione] ( ! pres5t day1 & ! pr9t$ descriptions r>ely exce$ a s+le l9e4 ,! prices seldom am\nt$ to m ?an #aj2 ! :ole proce$s ( ! day's sale 7 (t5 less ?an #ajj1 & sometimes did n rea* #ej4 ,at ! sale ( ,rosslyn ,h\se1 ,hamp/ead1 9 #ahcj1 a mansion ( consid]able importance1 ! highe/-pric$ article 0 ,a capital mahogany p$e/al sidebo>d1 ) hot closet1 cell>et1 #b plate draw]s1 & flut$ legs1 :i* br\ght #cb4 ,at ! sale ( ! prop]ty ( ,a ,man ( ,fa%ion1 a m>quet]ie cab9et1 inlaid ) trophies1 ! panels ( ,svres *9a1 m\nt$ 9 ormolu1 sold = tw5ty gu9eas2 & a ,reis5] 7sic7 table1 beautifully inlaid ) fl[]s1 & draw]s1 :i* appe>s to h be5 res]v$ at n9e gu9eas1 0 b\ght 9 at eight-&-a-half gu9eas4 ,frequ5t]s ( ,*ri/ie's ( ! pres5t day :o h se5 su* furniture realise z _m p\nds z ! %ill+s includ$ 9 su* sums1 w appreciate ! enorm\sly increas$ value ( really good old ,fr5* furniture4 ,p]haps ! mo/ noticeable comp>ison betwe5 ! pres5t day & t ( half-a-c5tury ago may be made 9 read+ ?r\gh ! prices giv5 at ! great sale at ,/[e ,h\se1 9 #ahdh1 :5 ! f9ancial difficulties ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham caus$ ! sale by auction :i* la/$ ?irty-sev5 days1 & realis$ upw>ds ( #ga1jjj2 ! proce$s ( ! furniture am\nt$ to #bg1aeb4 ,we h se5 9 ! notice ( ,fr5* furniture t armoires by ,b\le h1 dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s1 br\ght f #d1jjj to #f1jjj ea*1 "u ! hamm]1 & ! want ( appreciation ( ?is "w1 probably ! mo/ arti/ic ev] produc$ by design] & craftsman1 is suffici5tly exemplifi$ by ! /atem5t t at ! ,/[e sale two ( ,b\le's fam\s armoires1 ( simil> proportions to ^? 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace & ,jones ,collections1 7 sold = #ba & #ai #hs4 #f;d4 respectively4 ,we are accu/om$ n[ to see ! bids at ,*ri/ie's advance by gu9eas1 by fives1 t5s & fifties2 & x is amus+ to read 9 ^! old catalogues ( m>quet]ie tables1 sat9 wood cab9ets1 rosewood pi] tables1 & o!r articles ( ornam5tal furniture1 z x 0 t]m$1 be+ knock$ d[n to ,t[n & ,emanuel1 ,webb1 ,morant1 ,hit*cock ,baldock1 ,=re/1 ,r$fe>n1 ,lit*field 7! writ]'s fa!r71 & o!rs :o 7 ! buy]s & regul> att5dants at ,*ri/ie's 7aft]w>ds ,*ri/ie & ,manson7 ( #ahcj to #ahde1 = su* sums z #fs41 #aes41 & occasionally #aj or #ae4 ,a s+le quotation is giv51 b _m su* are to be f\nd3-- ,sale on ,febru>y #be? & #bf?1 #ahda4 ,lot #ca4 ,a small oval table1 ) a piece ( ,svres porcela9 pa9t$ ) fl[]s4 #fs4 ,x is pleasant to rememb]1 z "s exception to ?is g5]al want ( int]e/ 9 ! subject1 t 9 #ahdc !re 0 held at ,gore ,h\se1 ,k5s+ton1 !n ! fa%ionable resid5ce ( ,lady ,bless+ton1 an exhibition ( old furniture2 & a s]ies ( lectures1 illu/rat$ by ! contributions1 0 giv5 by ,mr41 n[ ,sir1 ,j4 ,c4 ,rob9son4 ,! ,v5etian ,/ate *air1 illu/rat$ on page #eg1 0 among/ ! examples l5t by ! ,que5 on t occasion4 ,specim5s ( ,b\le's "w & "s good pieces ( ,italian ,r5aissance 7 also exhibit$4 ,a great _m ( ! old] ,club ,h\ses ( ,london 7 built & furni%$ betwe5 #ahac & #ahea1 ! ,gu>ds' be+ ( ! e>li] date1 & ! ,army & ,navy ( ! latt]2 & dur+ ! int]v5+ ?irty odd ye>s ! ,unit$ ,s]vice1 ,travell]s'1 ,union1 ,unit$ ,univ]sity ,a!num1 ,ori5tal1 ,wyndham1 ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 ,re=m1 ,c>lton1 ,g>rick1 ,cons]vative1 & "s o!rs 7 erect$ & fitt$ up4 ,_m ( ^! /ill reta9 mu* ( ! furniture ( ,gill[s1 ,s$dons1 & "s ( ! o!r manufactur]s ( ! "t ^: "w has be5 allud$ to1 & ^! are fav\rable examples ( ! be/ k9d ( cab9et "w done 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ,george ,,iv41 ,william ,,iv41 & t ( ! e>ly "p ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,x is wor? record+1 too1 t dur+ ?is p]iod1 /eam p[]1 :i* _h be5 fir/ appli$ to ma*9]y ab\t #ahae1 came into m g5]al use 9 ! manufacture ( furniture4 ,) its adoption !re seems to h be5 a gradual ab&onm5t ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 9 ! factories & work%ops ( our c\ntry2 & ! pres5t piece-"w arrangem5t1 :i* _h obta9$ m or less s9ce ! ,engli% cab9et mak]s _h br\ght out _! ,book ( ,prices "s ye>s previ\sly1 became g5]ally ! cu/om ( ! trade1 9 place ( ! old] day "w ( a =m] g5]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cradle4 ,9 ,boxwood1 = ,h4,m4 ,que5 ,victoria4 ,design$ & ,c>v$ by ,h4 ,rog]s1 ,london4 ,9 ,france ! success ( national exhibitions _h become assur$1 ! exhibitors hav+ increas$ f only #aaj1 :5 ! fir/ exp]im5t 0 tri$ 9 #agih1 by leaps & b\nds1 until at ! elev5? exhibition1 9 #ahdi1 !re 7 #d1did entries4 ,! ,art ,j\rnal ( t ye> gives u a good illu/rat$ notice ( "s ( ! exhibits1 & devotes an article to po9t+ out ! advantages to be ga9$ by some?+ ( ! k9d tak+ place 9 ,engl&4 ,f #ahbg onw>ds we _h e/abli%$ local exhibitions 9 ,dubl91 ,le$s1 & ,man*e/]4 ,! fir/ "t a special build+ 0 devot$ to ! exhibition ( manufactures 0 at ,birm+ham 9 #ahdi2 & f ! illu/rat$ review ( ?is 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal1 "o c see t !re 0 a desire on ! "p ( our design]s & manufactur]s to /rike out 9 new directions & make progress4 ,we are able to reproduce "s ( ! designs ( furniture ( ?is p]iod2 & 9 ! cradle design$ & c>v$ 9 ,turkey-boxwood1 = ,que5 ,victoria1 by ,mr4 ,h>ry ,rog]s1 we h a f9e piece ( "w1 :i* w\ld n h disgrac$ ! latt] p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,rog]s 0 a v notable design] & c>v] ( ?is "t2 he _h introduc$ 8 fam\s boxwood c>v+ ab\t sev5 ye>s previ\sly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,tea ,,caddy4 ,by ,j4 ,/rudwick1 = ,inlay+ 9 ,ivory4 ,publi%$ z "o ( ! ,orig9al ,designs = ,manufactur]s 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal1 #ahdi4 ,?is cradle 0 also1 by ,que5 ,victoria's comm&1 s5t to ! ,exhibition1 & x may be wor? :ile quot+ ! arti/'s description ( ! c>v+3--,9 mak+ ! design = ! cradle x 0 my int5tion t ! entire object %\ld symbolize ! union ( ! ,royal ,h\ses ( ,engl& ) t ( ,saxe-,coburg & ,go?a1 & ) ?is view1 ,i arrang$ t "o end %\ld exhibit ! arms & national motto ( ,engl&1 & ! o!r ^? ( ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9ce ,alb]t4 ,! inscription1 ',anno1 #ahej1' 0 plac$ betwe5 ! dolph9s by ,h] ,maje/y's special comm&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,w+s ,,( ,a ,,sidebo>d4 ,by ,w4 ,holmes4 ,exhibit$ at ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahdh1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal1 9 #ahdi4 ,9 a criticism ( ?is excell5t specim5 ( "w1 ! ,art ,j\rnal ( ! "t said3--,we believe ! cradle to be "o ( ! mo/ important examples ( ! art ( wood c>v+ ev] execut$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,rog]s 0 also a writ] ( consid]able ability on ! /yles ( ornam5t3 & !re are sev]al contributions f 8 p5 to ! p]iodicals ( ! day1 besides designs :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal "u ! head+ ( ,orig9al ,designs = ,manufactur]s4 ,^! articles appe>$ occasionally1 & conta9$ _m excell5t sugge/ions = manufactur]s & c>v]s1 among/ o!rs ! draw+s ( ,h4 ,fitzcook1 "o ( ^: designs = a "w table is "h reproduc$4 ,o!rs m or less con/ant contributors ( ! orig9al designs = furniture 7 ,j4 ,/rudwick & ,w4 ,holmes1 a design f ! p5cil ( ea* ( :om is giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,"w ,,table4 ,by ,h4 ,fitzcook4 ,publi%$ z "o ( ! ,orig9al ,designs = ,manufactur]s1 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal1 #ahej4 ,b ?\gh "h & !re 9 ,engl& good design]s came to ! front1 z a g5]al rule ! art ( design 9 furniture & decorative woodwork 0 at a v l[ ebb ab\t ?is "t4 ,9 furniture1 /raight l9es & simple curves may be pla9 & un9t]e/+1 b !y are by no means s objectionable z ! ov] ornam5tation ( ! debas$ rococo /yle1 :i* obta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t =ty ye>s ago2 & if ! scrolls & fl[]s1 ! %ells & rockwork :i* ornam5t$ mirror frames1 sidebo>d backs1 s(as1 & *airs1 7 debas$ 9 /yle1 ev5 :5 c>efully c>v$ 9 wood1 ! effect 0 inf9itely worse :51 = ! sake ( economy1 z 0 ! case ) ! h\ses ( ! middle classes1 ?is elaborate & lab\r$ enri*m5t 0 execut$ 9 ! fa%ionable /ucco ( ! day4 ,l>ge mirrors1 ) gilt frames ( ?is mat]ial1 held ! places ( honor on ! m>ble *imney piece1 & on ! console1 or pi] table1 :i* 0 also ( gilt /ucco1 ) a m>ble slab4 ,! *iffoni]1 ) its %elves hav+ scroll supports l an elaborate ,s1 & a mirror at ! back1 ) a scroll$ frame1 0 a fav\rite article ( furniture4 ,c>pets 7 badly design$1 & l\d & vulg> 9 color+2 *airs1 on acc\nt ( ! %ape & ornam5t 9 vogue1 7 unfitt$ = _! purpose1 on acc\nt ( ! wood be+ cut across ! gra92 ! fire-scre51 9 a c>v$ rosewood frame1 conta9$ ! c>icature1 9 ne$lework1 ( a spaniel1 or a family gr\p ( ! "t1 ugly en\gh to be 9 keep+ ) its surr\nd+s4 ,! d9+ room 0 sombre & heavy4 ,! p$e/al sidebo>d1 ) a l>ge mirror ) a scroll$ frame at ! back1 _h come 92 ! *airs 7 massive & ugly survivals ( ! e>li] reproductions ( ! ,greek patt]ns1 & ?\gh solid & sub/antial1 ! effect 0 nei!r *e]+ nor ref9+4 ,9 ! b$rooms 7 w+$ w>drobes & *e/s ( draw]s2 dress+ tables & wa%/&s1 ) scroll$ legs1 ne>ly always 9 mahogany2 ! old f\r-po/] _h giv5 way to ! ,arabian or ,fr5* b$/ead1 & ?is 0 be+ gradually replac$ by ! iron or brass b$/eads1 :i* came 9 aft] ! ,exhibition ( #ahea _h %ewn p ! advantages ( ! lightness & cleanl9ess ( ^! mat]ials4 ,9 a ^w1 f ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 until ! impetus giv5 to ,art by ?is great ,exhibition _h _h "t to take effect1 ! g5]al ta/e 9 furni%+ h\ses ( all b a v few p]sons 0 at ab\t its wor/4 ,9 o!r c\ntries ! rococo ta/e _h also tak5 hold4 ,france ma9ta9$ a high] /&>d ?an ,engl&1 & su* figure "w z 0 introduc$ into h] furniture1 0 bett] execut$1 ?\gh h] jo9]y 0 inf]ior4 ,9 ,italy1 old models ( ! ,r5aissance /ill s]v$ z examples = reproduction1 b ! ornam5t 0 m c>elessly c>v$ & ! decoration less consid]$4 ,ivory inlay+ 0 l>gely practis$ 9 ,milan & ,v5ice2 mosaics ( m>ble 7 specialits ( ,rome & ( ,flor5ce1 & 7 mu* us$ 9 ! decoration ( cab9ets2 ,v5ice 0 busy manufactur+ c>v$ walnutwood furniture1 9 buffets1 cab9ets1 negro page boys elaborately pa9t$ & gilt2 & c>v$ mirror frames1 ! *ief ornam5ts ( :i* 7 cupids & foliage4 ,italian c>v+ has always be5 free & spirit$1 ! figures h nev] be5 want+ 9 grace1 & ?\gh by comp>ison ) ! be/ "t ( ! ,r5aissance !re is a great fall+ (f1 /ill1 ! "w execut$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury has be5 ( consid]able m]it z reg>ds ornam5t1 ?\gh ?is has be5 ov]done4 ,9 con/ruction1 & jo9]y1 h[ev]1 ! ,italian "w 0 & /ill is1 = ! mo/ "p1 v inf]ior4 ,cab9ets ( great pret5sion & elaborate ornam5t1 inlaid p]haps ) ivory1 lapislazuli1 or m>bles1 are s imp]fectly made t "o w\ld ?9k ornam5t1 & c]ta9ly n durability1 _h be5 ! object ( ! produc]4 ,9 ,antw]p1 ,brussels1 ,liege1 & o!r ,flemi% ,art c5tres1 ! ,s*ool ( ,wood ,c>v+1 :i* came 9 ) ! ,r5aissance1 appe>s to h be5 ma9ta9$ ) m or less excell5ce4 ,) ! increas$ quality ( ! c>v$ woodwork manufactur$1 !re 0 a proportion ( ill-f9i%$ & ov]-ornam5t$ "w produc$2 & al?\gh1 z has be5 be=e obs]v$1 ! manufacture ( *eap m>quet]ie 9 ,am/]dam1 & o!r ,dut* cities 0 br++ ! "n ( ,dut* furniture into ill-repute--/ill1 s f> z ! writ]'s obs]vations h gone1 ! ,flemi% wood-c>v] appe>s to h be51 at ! "t n[ "u consid]ation1 ahead ( 8 fell[ craftsm5 9 ,europe2 & :51 9 ! ensu+ *apt]1 we %all notice "s ( ! repres5tative exhibits 9 ! great ,int]national ,competition ( #ahea1 x w be se5 t ! ,antw]p design] & c>v] 0 c]ta9ly 9 ! =emo/ rank4 ,9 ,au/ria1 too1 "s good cab9et "w 0 be+ c>ri$ out1 ,m4 ,lei/l]1 ( ,vi5na1 hav+ at ! "t a high reputation4 ,9 ,p>is1 ! h\se ( ,f\rd9ois 0 mak+ a "n :i*1 9 subsequ5t exhibitions1 we %all see took a lead+ place among ! design]s & manufactur]s ( decorative furniture4 ,engl&1 x has be5 obs]v$1 0 suff]+ f languor 9 ,art indu/ry4 ,! excell5t designs ( ! ,adams & _! s*ool1 :i* obta9$ e>ly 9 ! c5tury1 _h be5 supplant$1 & a mean+less rococo /yle succe$$ ! heavy imitations ( ,fr5* pseudo-classic furniture4 ,in/ead (1 z 9 ! e>li] & m ta/eful p]iods1 :5 ar*itects _h design$ woodwork & furniture to accord ) ! /yle ( _! build+s1 !y appe> to h !n1 z a g5]al rule1 ab&on$ ! control ( ! decoration ( int]iors1 & ! result 0 "o :i*--:5 we exam9e our ,national furniture ( half a c5tury ago--has n left u mu* to be pr\d ( z an arti/ic & indu/ri\s p4 ,"s notice has be5 tak5 ( ! appreciation ( ?is unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! "t1 & by ! ,press2 &1 z ) a k ( our defici5cy1 came ! desire & ! en]gy to br+ ab\t its rem$y1 we %all see t1 ) ! ,exhibition ( #ahea1 & ! int]c\rse & ! desire to improve1 :i* naturally foll[$ t great & successful ef=t1 our design]s & craftsm5 pr(it$ by ! great /imulus :i* ,art & ,indu/ry !n receiv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5etian ,,/ool ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sidebo>d ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak1 ,,) ,,cell>et4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,,gill[1 ,,london4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imneypiece ,,& ,,bookcase4 ,9 c>v$ walnut wood1 ) color$ m>bles inlaid1 & doors ( p]=at$ brass4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,,macquoid1 ,,ar*itect1 ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,holl& ,,sons1 ,,london4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,9 ,,! ,,m$i,,val ,,/yle4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,mr4 ,,crace1 ,,london4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookcase ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,wood4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,jackson ,,graham1 ,,london4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr& ,,pian(orte4 ,9 ,ebony inlaid1 & enri*$ ) ,gold 9 relief4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,broadwood1 ,,london4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bj3 ,! ^w b>oque1 :i* became a g5]ic t]m1 0 d]iv$ f ! ,portuguese b>rocco1 mean+ a l>ge irregul>-%ap$ pe>l4 ,at fir/ a jewell]'s te*nical t]m1 x came lat]1 l rococo1 to be us$ to describe ! k9d ( ornam5t :i* prevail$ 9 design ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 aft] ! disappe>ance ( ! classic4 ,footnote #ba3 ,mr4 ,p>k] def9es ,dado z ,! solid block1 or cube1 =m+ ! body ( a p$e/al 9 classical ar*itecture1 betwe5 ! base m\ld+s & ! cornice3 an ar*itectural arrangem5t ( m\ld+s1 etc41 r\nd ! l[] p>ts ( ! wall ( a room1 resembl+ a cont9u\s p$e/al4 ,footnote #bb3 ,coll9son & ,lock amalgamat$ ) ,w>+s 9 #ahig4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,f #ahea to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,,! ,,great ,,exhibition3--,exhibitors & contempor>y ,cab9et ,mak]s--,exhibition ( #ahfb1 ,london2 #ahfg1 ,p>is2 & subsequ5tly--,description ( ,illu/rations--,f\rd9ois1 ,wright & ,mansfield--,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--,talb]t's ,"w--,revival ( ,m>quetry--,comp>ison ( ,pres5t ,day ) t ( a ,hundr$ ,ye>s ,ago--/heticism--,traditions--,trades-,u nionism--,! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society--,k5s+ton ,s*ool ( ,wood-c>v+--,indep5d5ce ( ,furniture--,pres5t ,fa%ions--,writ]s on ,design--,! ,new ,r5aissance--,trade ,j\rnals--,mod]n ,furniture 9 o!r ,c\ntries--,conclud+ ,rem>ks4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt]1 att5tion has be5 tak5 ( ! success ( ! ,national ,exhibition 9 ,p>is ( #ahdi2 9 ! same ye> ! competition ( our manufactur]s at ,birm+ham gave an impetus to ,indu/rial ,art 9 ,engl&1 & !re 0 ab\t ?is "t a g5]al =w>d movem5t1 ) a desire = an ,int]national ,exhibition on a gr& scale4 ,articles advocat+ su* a /ep appe>$ 9 newspap]s & p]iodicals ( ! "t1 &1 aft] mu* difficulty1 & _m delays1 a committee = ! promotion ( ?is object 0 =m$4 ,?is result$ 9 ! appo9tm5t ( a ,royal ,commission1 & ! ,pr9ce ,consort1 z ,presid5t ( ?is ,commission1 took a ke5 p]sonal int]e/ 9 e arrangem5t = ?is great ent]prise4 ,inde$1 !re c be no d\bt t ! success :i* cr[n$ ! "w 01 9 a great measure1 due to 8 ta/e1 pati5ce1 & excell5t bus9ess capacity4 ,x is no "p ( our task to record all ! details ( an und]tak+ :i*1 at ! "t1 0 a burn+ "q ( ! day2 /ill1 z we _c b look ^u ?is ,exhibition ( #ahea z "o ( ! l&m>ks 9 ! hi/ory ( furniture1 x is wor? :ile to record "s p>ticul>s ( its g5esis & accompli%m5t4 ,! idea ( ! ,exhibition ( #ahea is said to h be5 orig9ally due to ,mr4 ,f4 ,:i%aw1 ,secret>y ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 z e>ly z #ahdd1 b no active /eps 7 tak5 until #ahdi1 :5 ! ,pr9ce ,consort1 :o 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,society1 took ! matt] up v w>mly4 ,8 spee* at "o ( ! meet+s conta9$ ! foll[+ s5t5ce3-- ,n[ is ! "t to prep>e = a great ,exhibition--an ,exhibition wor?y ( ! greatness ( ?is c\ntry1 n m]ely national 9 its scope & b5efits1 b compreh5sive ( ! :ole _w2 & ,i (f] myself to ! public z _! lead]1 if !y are will+ to assi/ 9 ! und]tak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lady',s ,,escritoire4 ,9 ,:ite ,wood1 ,c>v$ ) ,ru/ic ,figures4 ,design$ & ,manufactur$ by ,m4 ,wettli1 ,b]ne1 ,switz]l&4 #ahea ,exhibition1 ,london4 ,to ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir7 ,joseph ,paxton1 !n head g>d5] to ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 ! g5]al idea ( ! fam\s glass & iron build+ is due4 ,an ent]pris+ firm ( contractors1 ,messrs4 ,fox & ,h5d]son1 7 entru/$ ) ! "w2 a gu>antee fund ( "s #bcj1jjj 0 rais$ by public subscriptions2 & ! great ,exhibition 0 op5$ by ,que5 ,victoria on ! #a/ ( ,may1 #ahea4 ,at a civic banquet 9 honor ( ! ev5t1 ! ,pr9ce ,consort v aptly describ$ ! object ( ! great exp]im5t3--,! ,exhibition ( #ahea w\ld af=d a true te/ ( ! po9t ( developm5t at :i* ! :ole ( mank9d _h arriv$ 9 ?is great task1 & a new />t+ po9t f :i* all nations w\ld be able to direct _! fur!r ex]tions4 ,! numb] ( exhibitors 0 "s #ag1jjj1 ( :om ov] #c1jjj receiv$ prize & c\ncil m$als2 & ! (ficial catalogue1 compil$ by ,mr4 ,scott ,russell1 ! secret>y1 conta9s a great _m p>ticul>s :i* are in/ructive read+1 :5 we comp>e ! "w ( _m ( ! firms ( manufactur]s1 ^: exhibits are !re9 describ$1 ) _! "w ( ! pres5t day4 ,! ,art ,j\rnal publi%$ a special volume1 entitl$ ,! ,art ,j\rnal ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue1 ) woodcuts ( ! m important exhibits1 &1 by ! c\rtesy ( ! proprietors1 a small selection is reproduc$1 :i* w give ! read] an idea ( ! design ( furniture1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ! *ief ,cont95tal indu/rial c5tres at t "t4 ,!y h be5 select$ z be+ fairly repres5tative ( ! "w ( ! "t1 & n on acc\nt ( _! own intr9sic excell5ce4 ,) reg>d to ! exhibits ( ,engli% firms1 ( :i* ^! illu/rations include examples1 little requires to be said1 9 addition to ! rem>ks already made 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ( _! "w previ\s to ! ,exhibition4 ,"o ( ! illu/rations1 h[ev]1 may 9 pass+ be fur!r allud$ to1 s9ce ! *anges 9 =m & "* ( ! ,pian(orte is ( "s importance 9 ! consid]ation ( ! design ( furniture4 ,messrs4 ,broadwood's ,gr& ,pian(orte 7illu/rat$7 0 a ri* example ( decorative woodwork 9 ebony & gold1 & may be comp>$ ) ! illu/ration on page #agb ( a h>psi*ord1 :i* ! ,piano _h replac$ ab\t #agfg2 & ?is supplies evid5ce ( ! increas$ att5tion devot$ to decorative furniture at & s9ce ! "t ( ! #ahea ,exhibition4 ,9 ! ,app5dix w be f\nd a %ort notice ( ! diff]5t phases ?r\gh :i* ! ev]-pres5t piano has pass$1 f ! virg9al1 or sp9ette--( :i* an illu/ration w be f\nd 9 ,a ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,room 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4--d[n to ! late/ developm5t ( ! decoration ( ! case ( ! in/rum5t by lead+ arti/s ( ! pres5t day4 ,mr4 ,alg]non ,rose1 ( ,messrs4 ,broadwood1 ^: firm 0 e/abli%$ at _! pres5t address 9 #agcb1 has be5 good en\gh to supply ! au?or ) ! p>ticul>s = ?is notice4 ,x w be se5 f ! illu/rations ( ^! exhibits t1 s f> z figure c>v+ & composition are conc]n$1 our =eign rivals1 ! ,italians1 ,belgians1 ,au/rians1 & ,fr5*1 7 f> ahead ( u4 ,9 m]e con/ruction & excell5ce ( "w1 we h ev] be5 able to hold our own1 &1 s long z our design]s h kept to beat5 tracks1 ! effect is satisfactory4 ,x is only :5 an attempt has be5 made to so> above ! conv5tional1 t ! ef=t is n s successful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lady',s ,,"w ,,table ,,& ,,scre54 ,9 ,papi]-ma*4 #ahea ,exhibition1 ,london4 ,9 look+ ov] ! li/ ( exhibits1 "o f9ds evid5ce ( ! fickl5ess ( fa%ions4 ,! manufacture ( decorative articles ( furniture ( papi]-ma* 0 !n v ext5sive1 & !re are sev]al specim5s ( ?is class ( "w execut$1 bo? by ,fr5* & ,engli% firms4 ,! draw+-room ( #ahej to #ahfj 0 app>5tly incomplete )\t occasional *airs1 a scre5 ) pa9t$ panel1 a "w table1 or "s small cab9et or casket ( ?is decorative b some:at flimsy mat]ial4 ,! design & execution ( m\nt+s ( cab9ets 9 metal "w1 p>ticul>ly ( ! highly-*as$ & gilt bronzes = ! enri*m5t ( meubles de luxe1 0 !n1 z x /ill to a great ext5t rema9s1 ! specialit ( ! ,p>isian craftsman1 & almo/ ! only ,engli% exhibits ( su* "w 7 ^? ( =eign]s :o _h settl$ among/ u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sidebo>d4 ,9 ,c>v$ ,oak1 ) subjects tak5 f ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,k5ilwor?4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,cookes1 ,,w>wick4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/ate ,,*air4 ,c>v$ & ,gilt ,frame1 ,uphol/]$ 9 ,ruby ,silk1 ,embroid]$ ) ! ,royal ,coat ( ,arms & ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,plumes4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,janc[ski1 ,,york4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sidebo>d ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,dur&1 ,,p>is4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b$/ead ,,9 ,,c>v$ ,,ebony4 ,,r5aissance ,,/yle4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,r\l1 ,,antw]p4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pian(orte ,9 ,rosewood1 inlaid ) ,b\lework1 9 ,gold1 ,silv]1 & ,copp]4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,lei/l]1 ,,vi5na4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookcase4 ,9 ,c>v$ ,lime ,tree1 ) ,panels ( ,sat9wood4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,lei/l]1 ,,vi5na4 #ahea ,,exhibition1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et4 ,9 ,tulipwood1 ornam5t$ ) ,bronze1 & inlaid ) ,porcela94 ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,gambs1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg4 #ahea ,,exhibition4 ,among/ ! latt] 0 ,monbro1 a ,fr5*man1 :o e/abli%$ himself 9 ,b]n]s ,/reet1 ,london1 & made furniture ( an ornam5tal "* 9 ! /yle ( 8 c\ntrym51 reproduc+ ! old] designs ( ,b\le & m>quet]ie furniture4 ,! pres5t h\se ( ,melli] & ,cie4 are 8 successors1 ,melli] hav+ be5 9 8 employ4 ,! late ,samson ,w]!im]1 fa!r ( ,messrs4 ,*>les & ,a%] ,w]!im]1 n[ s well kn[n 9 ! ,art _w1 !n 9 ,greek ,/reet1 ,soho1 0 /eadily mak+ a reputation by ! excell5ce ( ! metal m\nt+s ( 8 own design & workman%ip1 :i* he appli$ to caskets ( ,fr5* /yle4 ,furniture ( a decorative "* & ( excell5t quality 0 also made "s =ty ye>s ago by ,t[n & ,emanuel1 ( ,bond ,/reet1 & _m ( ?is firm's ,old ,fr5* tables & cab9ets 7 s c>efully f9i%$ ) reg>d to /yle & detail1 t1 ) ! tone :i* "t has giv5 !m1 x is n always easy to di/+ui% !m f ! models f :i* !y 7 tak54 ,toms 0 assi/ant to ,t[n & ,emanuel1 & aft]w>ds pur*as$ & c>ri$ on ! bus9ess ( ,toms & ,luscombe1 a firm well kn[n z manufactur]s ( excell5t & exp5sive ,fr5* furniture1 until _! retirem5t f bus9ess ov] tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,casket ,,( ,,ivory4 ,) ,ormolu ,m\nt+s4 ,design$ & ,manufactur$ by ,m4 ,matifat1 ,p>is4 #ahea ,exhibition1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,table4 ,9 ! ,classic ,/yle1 inlaid ) ,ivory4 ,manufactur$ = ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia by ,m4 ,g4 ,capello1 ,tur94 #ahea ,exhibition1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air4 ,9 ! ,classic ,/yle1 inlaid ) ,ivory4 ,manufactur$ = ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia by ,m4 ,g4 ,capello1 ,tur94 #ahea ,exhibition1 ,london4 ,webb1 ( ,old ,bond ,/reet1 succe$$ by ,annoot1 & subsequ5tly by ,radley1#bc 0 a manufactur] ( ?is class ( furniture2 he employ$ a consid]able numb] ( workm51 & c>ri$ on a v successful bus9ess4 ,! "n ( ,blake1 too1 is "o t w be rememb]$ by "s ( our old] read]s :o 7 int]e/$ 9 m>quet]ie furniture ( =ty ye>s ago4 ,he made an inlaid c5tre table = ! late ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&1 f a design by ,mr4 ,c4 ,p4 ,slocombe1 ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 he also made excell5t copies ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,ebony ,,9 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,/yle4 ,) ,c>nelions ins]t$4 ,lit*field & ,radclyffe4 #ahfb ,exhibition4 ,! next ,int]national ,exhibition held 9 ,london 0 9 ! ye> #ahfb1 &1 ?\gh its success 0 some:at impair$ by ! great calamity ?is c\ntry su/a9$ 9 ! dea? ( ! ,pr9ce ,consort on #ad? ,decemb]1 #ahfa1 & also by ! break+ out ( ! ,civil ,w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! exhibitors _h increas$ f #ag1jjj 9 '#ea to "s #bi1jjj 9 '#fb1 ! =eign entries be+ #af1def1 z aga9/ #f1eff4 ,exhibitions ( a ,national & ,int]national "* _h also be5 held 9 _m ( ! ,cont95tal capitals4 ,!re 0 9 #ahee a successful "o 9 ,p>is1 :i* 0 foll[$ by "o /ill great] 9 #ahfg1 &1 z e "o kn[s1 !y h be5 lately ( almo/ annual occurr5ce 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 af=d+ ! ent]pris+ manufactur] bett] & m frequ5t opportunities ( plac+ 8 productions be=e ! public1 & ( tea*+ bo? produc] & consum] to appreciate & pr(it by e improvem5t 9 ta/e1 & by ! great] dem& = arti/ic objects4 ,! few illu/rations f ^! m rec5t ,exhibitions ( #ahfb & #ahfg des]ve a pass+ notice4 ,! cab9et ( c>v$ ebony ) enri*m5ts ( c>nelion & o!r ri*ly-color$ m9]als 7illu/rat$ on previ\s page71 0 made by ! firm 9 :i* ! au?or's fa!r 0 s5ior p>tn]2 x receiv$ a good deal ( notice1 & 0 pur*as$ by ,william1 ?ird ,e>l ( ,crav51 a well-kn[n virtuoso ( "s =ty ye>s ago4 ,! "w ( ,f\rd9ois1 ( ,p>is1 has already be5 allud$ to1 & 9 ! #ahfg ,exhibition 8 furniture acquir$ a /ill high] reputation = good ta/e & att5tion to detail4 ,! full page illu/ration ( a cab9et ( ebony1 ) c>v+s ( boxwood1 repres5ts a rem>kably ri* piece ( "w ( its k9d2 ! effect is produc$ by c>v+ ! boxwood figures & ornam5tal scroll "w 9 sep>ate pieces1 & !n ins]t+ ^! bodily into ! ebony4 ,by ?is means ! m intricate "w is able to be m c>efully execut$1 & ! close gra9 & ri* t9t ( ,turkey boxwood 7p]haps next to ivory ! be/ m$ium = r5d]+ f9e c>v+7 tells out 9 relief aga9/ ! ebony ( :i* ! body ( ! cab9et is con/ruct$4 ,?is excell5t example ( mod]n cab9et "w by ,f\rd9ois 0 pur*as$ = ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum = #a1bjj1 & no "o :o has a k ( ! co/ ( execut+ m9ute c>v$ "w 9 boxwood & ebony1 w consid] ! price excessive4 ,! h\se ( ,f\rd9ois no long] exi/s2 ! names ( ! =emo/ mak]s ( ,fr5* meubles de luxe1 9 ,p>is1 ( ?is "t 7 ,beurdely1 ,dasson1 ,r\x1 ,sormani1 ,dur&1 & ,zwi5]4 ,"s m5tion has already be5 made ( ,zwi5]1 z ! mak] ( a fam\s bureau 9 ! ,h]t=d ,collection1#bd & a sidebo>d exhibit$ by ,dur& 9 ! '#ea ,exhibition is among/ ! illu/rations select$ z repres5tative ( cab9et "w at t "t4 ,! illu/ration ( ,wright & ,mansfield's sat9wood cab9et1 ) ,w$gwood plaques ins]t$1 & ) wrea?s & swags ( m>quet]ie inlaid1 is 9 ! ,adams /yle1 a class ( design ( :i* ?is firm made a specialit4 ,bo? ,wright & ,mansfield _h be5 assi/ants at ,jackson & ,graham's1 & aft] a %ort t]m 9 ,great ,portl& ,/reet1 !y remov$ to ,bond ,/reet1 & c>ri$ on a successful bus9ess ( a high class & some:at exclusive "*1 until _! retirem5t "s ye>s ago4 ,?is cab9et 0 exhibit$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfg1 & 0 pur*as$ by our ,s\? ,k5s+ton au?orities4 ,p]haps x is n g5]ally kn[n t a grant is made to ! ,dep>tm5t = ! pur*ase ( suitable specim5s ( furniture & woodwork = ! ,museum4 ,?is exp5diture is made ) great c>e & discrim9ation4 ,x may be obs]v$ "h t ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahea1 01 at ! "t ( :i* we are writ+1 play+ an important "p 9 ! ,art education ( ! c\ntry4 ,! lit]ature ( ! day also contribut$ _m useful works ( in/ruction & ref]5ce = ! design] ( furniture & woodwork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,ebony ,,) ,,c>v+s ,,( ,,boxwood4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,m4 ,,f\rd9ois1 ,,p>is4 #ahfg ,,exhibition1 ,,p>is4 7,,pur*as$ ,,by ,s4 ,,k5s+ton ,,museum ,,= #a1bjj47 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,9 ,,sat9wood4 ,) ,w$gwood plaques & inlay ( v>i\s woods 9 ! ,adams /yle4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,wright ,,mansfield1 ,,london4 #ahfg ,,exhibition1 ,,p>is4 7,,pur*as$ ,,by ,,! ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,ebony ,,& ,,ivory ,,cab9et4 ,9 ! ,/yle ( ,italian ,r5aissance by ,,&rea ,,pic*i1 ,flor5ce4 ,,exhibit$ ,,p>is1 #ahfg4 ,note4--,a m>k$ simil>ity 9 ?is design to t ( a #ag? ,c5tury cab9et1 illu/rat$ 9 ! ,italian section ( ,*apt] iii41 w be obs]v$4 ,! "w ( ,mr4 ,bruce ,j4 ,talb]t des]ves m5tion "h1 & %\ld n h be5 omitt$ 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,8 designs = furniture1 conceiv$ on ! basis ( modifi$ ,go?ic1 adapt$ to mod]n requirem5ts1 7 appreciat$ by a consid]able foll[+2 & ! d9+ room & libr>y furniture especially1 made f 8 draw+s1 /& ! te/ ( "t4 ,he publi%$ a book ( designs 9 #ahfh1 entitl$ ,go?ic ,=ms appli$ to ,furniture1 ,metal ,"w1 & ,decoration = ,dome/ic ,purposes1 &1 subsequ5tly1 9 #ahgf1 ,examples ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,furniture1 ,tape/ries1 ,metal ,"w1 ,decoration1 c4 ,9 ?is latt] "w he reproduc$ sev]al ( 8 draw+s1 :i* _h be5 exhibit$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahgj & five foll[+ ye>s2 & he compil$ a ref]5ce table ( ! dates :5 ! v>i\s p]iods ( ar*itecture came 91 ) m>g9al notes1 :i* w be f\nd v useful to ! read] 9 connection ) our subject4 ,we h1 by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,talb]t's publi%] 7,mr4 ,bats=d1 ( ,holborn71 be5 able to give "h a full-page illu/ration ( "p ( a design = a d9+ room1 f 8 ,academy draw+ ( #ahgj1 :i* w convey a fair idea ( ! "* ( 8 "w4 ,talb]t made designs = furniture exhibit$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfg1 "o ( :i*1 t ( a ,sidebo>d1 made by ,gill[s1 0 pur*as$ = ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea? he turn$ 8 att5tion to ,r5aissance designs4 ,"o noticeable feature ( mod]n design 9 furniture1 is ! revival ( m>quetry4 ,l all mosaic "w1 to :i* bran* ( ,indu/rial ,art x prop]ly belongs1 ?is k9d ( decoration %\ld be q subord9ate to ! g5]al design2 b1 ) a rage = novelty :i* seiz$ public att5tion "s =ty ye>s ago1 x develop$ into ! production ( all k9ds ( fanta/ic patt]ns 9 diff]5t v5e]s4 ,a k9d ( m9ute mosaic "w 9 wood1 :i* 0 call$ ,tunbridge ,wells "w1 became fa%ionable = small articles4 ,)9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 ! reproductions ( :at is t]m$ ,*ipp5dale1 & also ( ,adam1 & ,%]aton1 designs 9 m>quet]ie furniture1 h be5 manufactur$ to an enorm\s ext5t4 ,p>tly on acc\nt ( ! difficulty 9 obta9+ ! ri*ly-m>k$ & figur$ old mahogany & sat9-wood1 ( a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :i* ne$$ little or no inlay z ornam5t1 & p>tly to meet ! public fancy1 by cov]+ up bad con/ruction ) v5e]s ( m>quetry decoration1 a great deal m inlay has be5 giv5 to ^! reproductions ?an ev] appe>$ 9 ! orig9al "w ( ! eighte5? c5tury cab9et mak]s4 ,simplicity 0 sacrific$1 & v5e]s1 ?us us$ & abus$1 came to be a t]m ( contempt1 imply+ %am or sup]ficial ornam5t4 ,dick5s1 9 "o ( 8 novels1 has introduc$ ! ,v5e] family1 ?us /amp+ ! t]m m /rongly on ! popul> imag9ation4 ,! me?od n[ practis$ 9 us+ m>quetry to decorate furniture is v simil> to ! "o expla9$ 9 ! description ( ,b\le furniture giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 except t in/ead ( %ell1 ! m>quetry cutt] uses ! v5e]1 :i* he int5ds to be ! gr\ndwork ( 8 design1 & z 9 "s cases ^! v5e]s are cut to ! ?ickness ( #a_/af ( an in*1 sev]al lay]s c be sawn ?r\gh at once4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( us+ s _m diff]5t k9ds ( wood1 :5 a poly*romatic effect is requir$1 holly wood & sycamore are /a9$ diff]5t colors1 & ! m>quetry ?us prep>$1 is glu$ on to ! body ( ! furniture1 & subsequ5tly prep>$1 engrav$1 & poli%$4 ,?is k9d ( "w is done to a great ext5t 9 ,engl&1 b /ill m ext5sively & elaborately 9 ,france & ,italy1 :]e ivory & brass1 m>ble1 & o!r mat]ials are also us$ to enri* ! effect4 ,?is effect is ei!r satisfactory or ! rev]se1 accord+ z ! "w is well or ill-consid]$ & execut$4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s1 too1 t 9 ! production ( m>quetry ! processes are obta9able by ma*9]y1 :i* saves lab\r & *eap5s productions ( ! common] k9ds2 ?is t5ds to produce a decorative effect :i* is (t5 inappropriate & sup]abundant4 ,p]haps x is all[able to add "h t m>quetry1 or m>quet]ie1 its ,fr5* equival5t1 is ! m mod]n survival ( ,t>sia "w1 to :i* allusion has be5 made 9 previ\s *apt]s4 ,web/] def9es ! ^w z ,"w inlaid ) pieces ( wood1 %ells1 ivory1 & ! l1 d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* ^w m>quet]1 to *eck]1 & m>que 7a sign71 ( ,g]man orig94 ,x is di/+ui%$ f p>quetry 7:i* is d]iv$ f p>c1 an enclosure1 ( :i* x is a dim9utive71 & signifies a k9d ( jo9]y 9 geometrical patt]ns1 g5]ally us$ = floor+4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! m>quetry assumes geometrical patt]ns 7frequ5tly a numb] ( cubes %ad$ 9 p]spective71 ! design is (t5 t]m$ 9 ,art catalogues a p>quetry design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,d9+ ,,room4 ,,by ,,bruce ,j4 ,,talb]t4 ,,exhibit$ ,,9 ,,! ,,royal ,,academy ,,9 #ahgj4 ,9 consid]+ ! design & manufacture ( furniture ( ! pres5t day1 z comp>$ ) t (1 say1 a hundr$ ye>s ago1 !re are two or ?ree ma9 factors to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important is ! enorm\sly increas$ dem&1 by ! multiplication ( pur*as]s1 = "s classes ( furniture1 :i* =m]ly _h b a limit$ sale4 ,?is enables ma*9]y to be us$ to advantage 9 economis+ lab\r1 & !re=e "o f9ds 9 ! s-call$ ,que5 ,anne & ,jacobean cab9et "w ( ! well-furni%$ h\se ( ! pres5t "t1 r too prom95t evid5ce ( ! la! & ! /eam plane4 ,m\ld+s are ma*9$ by ! l5g?1 !n cut into cornices1 mitr$ r\nd panels1 or affix$ to ! edge ( a pla9 slab ( wood1 giv+ x ! effect ( c>v+4 ,! ev]la/+ sp9dle1 turn+ rapidly by ! la!1 is introduc$ ) we>isome r$undance1 to ornam5t ! /ret*] & ! edge ( a %elf2 ! busy fret or b&-saw produces fanciful patt]ns :i* =m a *eap enri*m5t :5 appli$ to a draw]-front1 a panel1 or a frieze2 & c>v+ ma*9es c copy any design1 :i* a c5tury ago 7 ! c>eful & pa9/ak+ result ( a practis$ craftsman's skill4 ,aga91 z ! manufacture ( furniture is n[ *iefly c>ri$ on 9 l>ge factories1 bo? 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t1 ! sub-division ( lab\r causes ! article to pass ?r\gh diff]5t h&s1 9 successive /ages1 & ! :olesale manufacture ( furniture by /eam1 has tak5 ! place ( ! p]sonal sup]vision by ! ma/]'s eye1 ( ! task ( ! few m5 :o 7 9 ! old days ! occupants ( 8 work%op4 ,z a writ] on ! subject has well said1 ! *isel & ! knife are no long] 9 su* cases controll$ by ! s5sitive t\* ( ! human h&4 ,9 connection ) ?is we are rem9d$ ( ,rusk9's precept t ! fir/ condition ( a "w ( ,art is t x %\ld be conceiv$ & c>ri$ out by "o p]son4 ,in/ead ( ! c>v$ ornam5t be+ ! outcome ( ! arti/'s educat$ ta/e1 :i* places on ! article ! /amp ( individuality--in/ead ( ! furniture be+1 z x 0 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,engl&1 & "s hundr$ ye>s e>li] 9 ,italy & 9 ,france1 ! craftsman's pride--x is n[ ! result ( ! rapid multiplication ( "s patt]n :i* _h caught ! popul> fancy1 g5]ally a design 9 :i* !re is a good deal ( decorative effect1 = a comp>atively small price4 ,! difficulty ( alt]+ ?is unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s is evid5t4 ,on ! "o side1 ! manufactur]s or ! l>ge furni%+ firms h a /rong case 9 _! cont5tion1 t ! public w g to ! m>ket x consid]s ! be/3 & :5 decoration is pitt$ aga9/ simplicity1 ?\gh ! con/ruction :i* accompanies ! =m] be ev] s faulty1 ! m pret5ti\s article w be select$4 ,:5 a successful patt]n has be5 produc$1 & arrangem5ts & sub-contracts h be5 made = its repetition 9 l>ge quantities1 any consid]able v>iation made 9 ! details 7ev5 if x be ! suppression ( ornam5t7 w cause an addition to ! co/ :i* ^? only :o und]/& some?+ ( a manufactur]'s bus9ess c appreciate4 ,dur+ ! pres5t g5]ation an ,art movem5t has sprung up call$ /heticism1 :i* has be5 def9$ z ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,beautiful & ! ,philosophy ( ! ,f9e ,arts1 & aims at c>ry+ a love ( ! beautiful into all ! relations ( life4 ,! fanta/ical developm5ts :i* accompani$ ! movem5t br\ght its devotees into mu* ridicule ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 & ! pages ( ,pun* ( t "t w be f\nd to happily trave/y its m amus+ & extravagant aspects4 ,! great success ( ,gilb]t & ,sullivan's op]etta1 ,pati5ce1 produc$ 9 #ahha1 0 also to "s ext5t due to ! humor\s allusions to ! extravagance ( ! /hetes4 ,9 support ( :at may be t]m$ a high] /heticism1 ,mr4 ,rusk9 has writt5 mu* to give expression to 8 ideas & pr9ciples = r5d]+ our surr\nd+s m beautiful4 ,! names ( ! late ,sir ,fr$]ic ,leighton & ( ,sir ,alma ,tadema are conspicu\s among/ ^? :o h 9 _! h\ses c>ri$ su* pr9ciples into effect1 & among o!rs :o h be5 & are1 m or less1 associat$ ) ?is movem5t1 may be nam$ ,rossetti1 ,burne ,jones1 ,holman ,hunt1 & ,william ,morris4 ,z a writ] on /heticism has obs]v$3--,:5 ! extravagances att5d+ ! movem5t h be5 purg$ away1 !re may be /ill left an educat+ influ5ce1 :i* w impress ! l(ty & undy+ pr9ciples ( ,art ^u ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,= a "t1 9 spite ( ridicule1 ?is s-call$ /heticism 0 ! vogue1 & consid]ably affect$ ! design & decoration ( furniture ( ! "t4 ,woodwork 0 pa9t$ olive gre52 ! panels ( cab9ets1 pa9t$ 9 sombre colors1 _h pictures ( sad-look+ maid5s1 & !re 0 an attempt at a dim religi\s effect 9 our rooms1 q inappropriate to su* a climate z t ( ,engl&4 ,! reaction1 h[ev]1 f ! g>i% & ill-consid]$ color+s ( a previ\s decade or two1 has left beh9d x mu* good1 & ) ! ca?olicity ( ta/e :i* m>ks ! furniture ( ! pres5t day1 p see "s m]it 9 e /yle1 & are endeav\r+ to select t :i* is desirable )\t runn+ to ! extreme ( ecc5tricity4 ,p]haps ! advantage ?us ga9$ is c\nt]balanc$ by ! loss ( our old traditions1 = among/ ! wild]ness ( reproductions ( ,fr5* furniture1 m or less frivol\s--( ,*ipp5dale1 z t ma/] is g5]ally und]/ood--( :at is t]m$ ,jacobean & ,que5 ,anne--to say no?+ ( a quantity ( s-call$ antique furniture1 we are bewild]$ 9 attempt+ to id5tify ! latt] end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ) any p>ticul> /yle ( furniture4 ,by tradition x is int5d$ to allude to ! old-fa%ion$ mann] ( h&+ d[n f fa!r to son1 or ma/] to appr5tice1 = successive g5]ations1 ! k & skill to produce any p>ticul> class ( object ( ,art or manufacture4 ,surely ,rusk9 _h some?+ ( ?is 9 8 m9d :5 he said1 ,n[1 :5 ! p[]s ( fancy1 /imulat$ by ?is triumphant precision ( manual dext]ity1 desc5d f g5]ation to g5]ation1 y h at la/ :at is n s mu* a tra9$ arti/1 z a new species ( animal1 ) ^: in/9ctive gifts y h no *ance ( cont5d+4 ,tradition may be said to /ill survive 9 ! c\ntry c>twright1 :o produces ! f>m]'s wagon 9 accordance ) cu/om & tradition1 modify+ ! me?od ( con/ruction some:at p]haps to meet alt]$ conditions ( circum/ances1 & !n ornam5t+ 8 "w by no p>ticul> set design or rule1 b p>tly f inh]it$ aptitude & p>tly f playfulness or fancy4 ,9 ! h\se-c>p5t] atta*$ to "s ( our old ,engli% family e/ates1 !re w also be f\nd1 "h & !re1 surviv+ repres5tatives ( ! traditional joyn] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 & 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,japan1 we f9d ! dext]\s jo9] or c>v] ( to-day is a desc5dant ( a long l9e ( m or less excell5t me*anics4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s1 too1 t ,trade ,unionism ( ! pres5t day _c b be1 9 _m ( its effects1 prejudicial to ! indu/rial ,arts4 ,a movem5t :i* aims at r$uc+ m5 ( diff]5t intellig5ce & ability to a common /&>d1 & :i* controls ! am\nt ( "w done1 & ! price paid = x1 :atev] are its social or economical advantages1 mu/ h a delet]i\s influ5ce ^u ! ,art products ( our "t4 ,writ]s on ,art & manufactures1 ( v>y+ em95ce & op9ion1 are unanim\s 9 po9t+ out ! s]i\s drawbacks to progress :i* w exi/1 s long z !re is a dem& = *eap & m]etrici\s imitations ( old furniture1 z oppos$ to m simply made articles1 design$ 9 accordance ) ! purposes = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s a great _m well direct$ endeav\rs h be5 made 9 ,engl& to improve design 9 furniture1 & to revive some?+ ( ! feel+ ( pride & ambition 9 8 craft1 :i*1 9 ! old days ( ! ,trade ,guilds1 animat$ our ,jacobean jo9]4 ,"o ( ! be/ direct$ ( ^! ent]prises is t ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane1 ,a4,r4,w4,s41 is presid5t1 & :i* includes1 9 its committee & support]s1 a great _m influ5tial names4 ,z sugge/$ on ! cov] ( _! ,exhibition ,catalogue1 design$ by ! ,presid5t1 "o *ief aim ( ! ,society is to l9k arm & arm ,design & ,h&icraft1 by exhibit+ only su* articles z be> ! names ( individuals :o1 respectively1 drew ! design & c>ri$ x out3 ea* craftsman has ?us ! cr$it & responsibility ( 8 own "p ( ! "w1 in/ead ( ! :ole appe>+ z ! production ( ,messrs4 ,a4 ,b4 or ,c4 ,d41 :o may h kn[n no?+ p]sonally ( ! matt] beyond g5]ally direct+ ! affairs ( a l>ge manufactur+ or furni%+ bus9ess4 ,9 ! catalogue publi%$ by ?is ,society !re are sev]al %ort & useful essays 9 :i* furniture is treat$1 g5]ally & specifically1 by capable writ]s1 among/ :om are ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,prior1 ,mr4 ,halsey ,ric>do1 ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,t4 ,blomfield1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,le?>by1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll51 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,webb1 & ,mr4 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 ,r4,a41 ! ord] ( names be+ t 9 :i* ! sev]al essays are arrang$4 ,?is small b valuable contribution to ! subject ( design & manufacture ( furniture1 is full ( int]e/1 & po9ts out ! defects ( our pres5t sy/em4 ,among/ o!r regrets1 "o ( ! writ]s 7,mr4 ,halsey ,ric>do7 compla9s t ! transi5t t5ure t mo/ ( u h 9 our dwell+s1 & ! absorb+ nature ( ! /ruggle t mo/ ( u h to make to w9 ! necess>y provisions ( life1 prev5t our enc\rag+ ! manufacture ( well wr\ght furniture4 ,we mean to outgr[ our h\ses--our lease expires aft] s _m ye>s1 & !n we %all want an entirely diff]5t class ( furniture--consequ5tly we pur*ase articles t h only suffici5t life 9 !m to la/ ! brief p]iod ( our occupation1 & are cont5t to abide by ! want ( appropriat5ess or beauty1 9 ! cle> int5tion ( "s day surr\nd+ ourselves ) objects t %all be joys to u = ! rema9d] ( our life4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,art ,woodc>v+ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago at ! ,city & ,guilds ,in/itute1 is also do+ a useful & practical "w4 ,) a v mod]ate grant f ! ,city ,guilds & ! use ( free qu>t]s1 ! ,s*ool ma9ta9s itself1 & is ! means ( educat+1 ei!r free or at r$uc$ t]ms1 a great _m /ud5ts :o g out into ! _w ! bett] prep>$ to compete ) _! =eign rivals4 ,! ,committee ( ,managem5t1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,major-,g5]al ,sir ,j4 ,f4 ,d4 ,donelly1 ,k4,c4,b41 is compos$ ( arti/s & ar*itects ( note & o!rs :o n only give _! moral support to ! in/itution b br+ "s ( _! ornam5tal woodwork to ! ,s*ool = execution "u _! direction4 ,! managem5t ( ,miss ,r[e#be is evid5ce ( ! success :i* att5ds ! ef=t ( an intellig5t & en?usia/ic lady1 & ! in/ructors1 ,messrs4 ,grimwood & ,ross1 are practical c>v]s1 :o c n only correct b c design & cut ! patt]ns set = _! pupils4 ,aft] ! fir/ ye> probation ! pr(essional /ud5ts receive a fair proportion ( ! value ( _! "w1 :i* is assess$ by ! in/ructors4 ,x is by ! ma9t5ance ( su* te*nical s*ools1 :i* ) m or less success are n[ be+ />t$ by our local au?orities 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 t we c to "s ext5t replace ! advantages :i* ! old sy/em ( appr5tice%ip gave to ! le>n]s ( a craft4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ellesm]e ,,cab9et4 ,9 ! collection ( ! late ,lady ,m>ian ,al=d4 ,_m o!r societies1 guilds1 & ,art s*ools h be5 e/abli%$ ) m or less success1 ) a view ( improv+ ! design & manufacture ( furniture1 & provid+ suitable models = our "y woodc>v]s to copy4 ,! ,ellesm]e ,cab9et 7illu/rat$ on page #bdc7 0 "o ( ! productions ( ! ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association1 f\nd$ 9 #ahhc by ! late ,lady ,m>ian ,al=d1 a well kn[n connoisseur & ,art patron4 ,x w be se5 t ?is is virtually a ,jacobean design4 ,9 ! e>li] *apt]s ( ?is book1 x has be5 obs]v$ t z ,ar*itecture became a settl$ ,art or ,sci5ce1 x 0 accompani$ by a correspond+ developm5t 9 ! design ( ! room & its furniture1 "u1 z x 71 "o impulse ( design1 & ?is appropriate concord may be said to h obta9$ 9 ,engl& until ne>ly ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 :51 aft] ! artificial ,greek /yle 9 furniture & woodwork :i* _h be5 attempt$ by ,wilk9s1 ,soane1 & o!r contempor>y ar*itects1 _h fall5 into disfav\r1 !re 0 fir/ a reaction1 & !n an int]regnum1 z has be5 notic$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,! ,great ,exhibition m>k$ a fre% dep>ture1 & quick5$1 z we h se51 indu/rial ent]prise 9 ?is c\ntry3 & ?\gh1 ^u ! :ole1 good results h be5 produc$ by ! impetus giv5 by ^! int]national competitions1 !y h n be5 exempt f unfav\rable accompanim5ts4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! eag] desire = novelty1 )\t ! necess>y judgm5t to discrim9ate betwe5 good & bad4 ,= a "t1 no?+ satisfi$ ! pur*as] ( s-call$ arti/ic products1 :e!r ( decorative furniture1 c>pets1 curta9s1 or m]ely ornam5tal articles1 unless ! design 0 new4 ,! natural result 0 ! production ei!r ( heavy1 or ugly1 or flimsy & inappropriate furniture1 :i* has be5 condemn$ by e compet5t writ] on ! subject4 ,9 "s ( ! designs select$ f ! exhibits ( '#ea ?is desire to leave ! beat5 track ( conv5tionality w be evid5t2 & = a consid]able "t aft] ! ,exhibition1 we c see1 9 our designs1 ! result ( too _m opportunities = imitation1 act+ ^u m9ds insuffici5tly tra9$ to ex]cise c>eful judgm5t & selection4 ,ab\t ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! cu/om ( employ+ ar*itects to design ! int]ior fitt+s & ! furniture ( _! build+s1 s z to h>monize1 appe>s to h be5 ab&on$2 ?is 0 probably due1 p>tly to "s indiff]5ce to ?is subsidi>y portion ( _! "w1 b also to ! *ange ( ta/e :i* l$ p to pref] ! *eapness ( pa9t$ & artificially gra9$ p9e-wood1 ) decorative effects produc$ by wall-pap]s1 to ! m solid b exp5sive ?\gh less %[y wood-panell+1 ar*itectural m\ld+s1 well-made panell$ doors & *imney pieces1 :i* "o f9ds1 d[n to q ! end ( ! previ\s c5tury1 ev5 9 h\ses ( mod]ate r5tals4 ,furniture !re=e became indep5d5t1 &1 beg9n+ to acc\nt h]self an ,art1 trangress$ h] limits 444 & grew to ! conceit t x c\ld /& by itself1 &1 z well z its bett]s1 w5t a way ( its own4#bf ,! effect ( ?is is to be se5 9 int]iors ( our own "t :i* are h&$ ov] f ! build]1 z x 71 9 blank1 to be fill$ up f ! uphol/]]'s /ore1 ! curiosity %op1 & ! auction room1 :ile a l>ge contribution f ! cons]vatory or ! ne>e/ flori/1 gives a f9i%+ t\* to a mixture1 :i* *>act]ises ! pres5t ta/e = furni%+ a b\doir or a draw+ room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,saloon ,,at ,,s&r+ham ,,h\se4 7,f a ,photo by ,b$=d ,lemre ,co41 by p]mission ( ,h4,m4 ,! ,k+47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,draw+ ,,room ,,at ,,s&r+ham ,,h\se4 7,f a ,photo by ,b$=d ,lemre ,co41 by p]mission ( ,h4,m4 ,! ,k+47 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 9 v _m cases1 an individuality ga9$ by ! omnium ga!rum ( su* a mode ( furni%+4 ,! cab9et :i* rem9ds its own] ( a t\r 9 ,italy1 ! qua9t /ool f ,tangi]1 & ! embroid]$ piano-cov] f ,spa91 are to ^? :o are 9 ! habit ( travell+1 pleasant s\v5irs2 z are also ! pres5ts f fri5ds 7:5 !y h ta/e & judgm5t71 ! scre5s & fl[]-/&s & ! photographs1 :i* are rem9isc5ces ( ! =ms & faces sep>at$ f u by di/ance or remov$ by dea?4 ,! te/ ( ! :ole "q ( su* an arrangem5t ( furniture 9 our liv+ rooms1 is ! am\nt ( judgm5t & discretion display$4 ,two fav\rable examples ( ! pres5t fa%ion1 repres5t+ ! int]ior ( ! ,saloon & ,draw+ ,room at ,s&r+ham ,h\se1 are "h reproduc$4 ,!re is at ! pres5t "t an ambition on ! "p ( _m well-to-d p]sons to imitate ! effect produc$ 9 h\ses ( old families1 :]e1 = g5]ations1 valuable & memorable articles ( decorative furniture h be5 accumulat$1 j z pictures1 plate & *9a h be5 pres]v$2 & fail+ ! inh]itance ( su* h\sehold gods1 x is ! practice to acquire1 or z ! mod]n t]m goes1 to collect1 old furniture ( diff]5t /yles & p]iods1 until ! room becomes incongru\s & ov]cr[d$1 an evid5ce ( ! weal?1 r ?an ( ! ta/e1 ( ! own]4 ,z x frequ5tly happ5s t su* collections are made v ha/ily1 & 9 ! brief int]vals ( a busy comm]cial or political life1 ! selections are n ! be/ or mo/ suitable2 & :]e s mu* is requir$ 9 a %ort space ( "t1 x becomes impossible to devote a suffici5t sum ( money to procure really valuable specim5s2 9 _! place1 effective & l[-pric$ reproductions ( an old patt]n 7) all ! faults insep>able f su* conditions7 are add$ to ! conglom]ation ( articles requir+ att5tion1 & tak+ up space4 ,! limit$ accommodation ( h\ses built on gr\nd :i* is too valuable to all[ spaci\s halls & l>ge ap>tm5ts1 makes ?is want ( discretion & judgm5t ! m objectionable4 ,!re c be no d\bt t want ( c>e & re/ra9t 9 ! selection ( furniture1 by ! pur*as+ public1 affects its "*1 bo? z to design & workman%ip4 ,^! are "s ( ! faults 9 ! mod]n /yle ( furni%+1 :i* h be5 po9t$ out by rec5t writ]s & lectur]s on ! subject4 ,9 ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e1#bg ,mr4 ,ea/lake has scold$ u sev]ely = runn+ aft] novelties & fa%ions1 in/ead ( cultivat+ suitability & simplicity1 9 ! selection & ord]+ ( our furniture2 & he has contra/$ descriptions & draw+s ( well design$ & con/ruct$ pieces ( furniture ( ! ,jacobean p]iod ) ^? ( la/ c5tury's productions4 ,col4 ,rob]t ,edis1 9 ,decoration & ,furniture ( ,t[n ,h\ses1 has publi%$ designs :i* are bo? simple & economical1 ) reg>d to space & money1 :ile suitable to ! specifi$ purpose ( ! furniture or fitm5t4 ,! rul+ pr9ciple 9 ! majority ( ^! designs has be5 to avoid ov]-ornam5tation1 & pret5tions to display1 & to enc\rage good solid "w1 9 h>d1 durable1 & 7on acc\nt ( ! increas$ lab\r7 exp5sive woods1 or1 :5 economy is requir$1 9 light s(t woods1 pa9t$ or enamell$4 ,"s manufactur+ firms1 ^: high reputation r5d]s !m indep5d5t ( any recomm5dation1 h adopt$ ?is pr9ciple1 &1 z a result1 !re is n[ no difficulty 9 obta9+ well design$ & s\ndly well con/ruct$ furniture1 :i* is simple1 unpret5ti\s1 & wor? ! price *>g$ = x4 ,un=tunately = ! complete success ( ^! s\nd] pr9ciples1 really good & appropriate furniture meets ) a fi]ce competition f m %[y & ornate productions1 made to sell r ?an to la/3 furniture :i* seems to h ^u x ! /amp ( our ?ree ye>s' agreem5t1 or sev5 ye>s' lease4 ,( ?is x may be said1 speak+ n only f an arti/ic1 b f a moral & humane /&po9t1 x is made s *eaply1 t x seems a pity x is made at all4 ,a revival 9 ta/e1 :i* has be5 n inappropriately t]m$ ,! ,new ,r5aissance1 & has produc$ _m excell5t results1 has be5 br\ght ab\t by sev]al well-kn[n ar*itects & design]s4 ,mr4 ,/reet1 ,r4,a42 ,messrs4 ,norman ,%aw1 ,r4,a42 ,wat]h\se1 ,r4,a42 ,sir ,alma ,tadema1 ,r4,a42 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 ,r4,a42 ,w4 ,burges1 ,r4,a42 ,walt] ,crane1 ,?omas ,cutl]1 ,e4 ,w4 ,godw91 ,w4 ,morris1 ,b4 ,j4 ,talb]t1 ,s4 ,webb1 & _m o!rs1 h devot$ a consid]able am\nt ( att5tion to ! design ( furniture2 b x is sc>cely )9 ! writ]'s prov9ce to attempt a description ( ! "* ( _! respective "w4 ,! ,trade ,j\rnals1 too1 h contribut$ _! influ5ce by publi%+ draw+s ( "w complet$1 sugge/ions = _! read]s to c>ry out1 & also by illu/rat$ notices ( ! diff]5t exhibitions :i* take place f "t to "t4 ,! ,cab9et ,mak] & ,art ,furni%]1 edit$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,williams ,b]m1 ,m4,p41 ,l4,c4,c41 conta9s ,p5 & ,ink ,notes by ! ,editor1 :i* %\ld be useful1 z !y are c]ta9ly in/ructive2 & a numb] ( good designs are publi%$ mon? by mon?1 9 ,furniture & ,decoration4 ,^! are contribut$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,bliss1 ,r4 ,a4 ,briggs1 ,a4,r4,i4,b4,a41 ,h4 ,l4 ,*alm]s1 ,ow5 ,w4 ,davis1 ,lewis ,f4 ,day1 ,edw9 ,foley1 ,*ri/oph] ,gill1 ,b]tram ,goodhue1 ,erne/ ,george & ,peto1 ,a4 ,jonquet1 ,felix ,l5oir1 ,le?>by1 ,wilb]t ,rattray1 ,/5h\se1 ,john ,turn]1 ,frank ,w>d1 ,a4 ,h4 ,wolf1 & ! editors !mselves--,timms & ,webb4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,sket*es publi%$ 9 ?is ,j\rnal1 we see ! k9d ( "w :i* is be+ design$ & c>ri$ out 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,designs ( furniture & int]ior fitt+s ( ! h\ses ( ,am]ican millionaires1 drawn by ,cauffmann2 ,frank ,colburn1 ( ,morri/[n1 ,new ,j]sey2 ,san=d ,phipps1 & ,james ,?ompson1 ( ,bo/on2 ,ross & ,m>v91 ( ,new ,york1 %ew t !re is no di/9ctive ,am]ican /yle1 b t ! revival 9 ta/e1 :i* has be5 allud$ to 9 ,engl&1 has f\nd its way to ,am]ica1 & f ! numb] ( articles ( furniture /ill call$ aft] ,mr4 ,ea/lake1 x is evid5t t ! tea*+s ( t g5tleman _h consid]able effect4 ,! ,furniture ,gazette1 ,! ,build]1 & ,build+ ,news also publi% designs ( furniture & woodwork4 ,! disadvantages1 insep>able f our pres5t /ate ( society1 :i* we h notic$ z prejudicial to ,engli% design & workman%ip1 & :i* *eck ! production ( really satisfactory furniture1 are also to be obs]v$ 9 o!r c\ntries2 & z ! ,engli%1 & ,engli%-speak+ p1 are probably ! l>ge/ pur*as]s ( =eign manufactures1 ^! disadvantages act & re-act on ! furniture ( diff]5t nations4 ,9 ,france1 ! cab9et mak] has ev] excell$ 9 ! production ( ornam5tal furniture2 & by con/ant ref]5ce to old] specim5s 9 ! ,museums & ,palaces ( 8 c\ntry1 he is f> bett] acqua9t$ ) :at may be call$ ! traditions ( 8 craft ?an 8 ,engli% bro!r4 ,to him ! /yles ( ,franois ,premi]1 ( ,h5ri ,deux1 & ! ?ree ,l\is are classic1 & 9 ! beautiful *as+ & f9i%+ ( ! m\nts ) :i* ! ,fr5* bronzi/e ornam5ts ! be/ meubles de luxe1 x is almo/ impossible to surpass 8 be/ ef=ts1 provid$ ! requisite price be paid2 b ^! am\nts are1 9 _m cases1 s consid]able z h>dly to be cr$ible to ^? :o h b little k ( ! subject4 ,z a simple in/ance1 ! copy ( ! ,bureau du ,l\vre 7describ$ 9 ,*apt] vi47 9 ! ,h]t=d ,h\se collection1 co/ ! late ,sir ,ri*>d ,wallace a sum ( #d1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,frame1 ,,by ,,radspiel]1 ,,muni*4 ,z1 h[ev]1 9 ,france1 & 9 c\ntries :i* import ,fr5* furniture1 !re are _m :o desire to obta9 ! effect ( ?is beautiful b exp5sive furniture1 b are unable to sp5d sev]al ?\s& p\nds 9 ! decoration ( a s+le room4 ,to meet ?is dem&1 ! indu/ri\s & +5i\s ,fr5*man manufactures va/ quantities ( furniture :i* affects1 )\t atta9+1 ! m]its ( ! bett] made & m highly f9i%$ articles4 ,9 ,holl&1 ,belgium1 & ,g]many1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! manufactur] ( ornam5tal oak furniture1 on ! l9es ( ! ,r5aissance models1 /ill prevails1 & su* furniture is l>gely import$ into ?is c\ntry4 ,! illu/ration ( a c>v$ frame 9 ! rococo /yle ( ,*ipp5dale ) a ,*9aman 9 a canopy1 repres5ts an important s*ool ( wood-c>v+ :i* has be5 develop$ 9 ,muni*2 & 9 ! ,kn/ ,gew]b]e91 or ,workman's ,exhibition1 9 t city1 ! ,bav>ians h a v simil> arrangem5t to t ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society ( ?is c\ntry1 ( :i* m5tion has already be5 made1 ea* article be+ labell$ ) ! "n ( ! design] & mak]4 ,italian c>v$ furniture ( mod]n times has already be5 notic$2 & 9 ! selections made f ! #ahea ,exhibition1 "s productions ( diff]5t c\ntries h be5 illu/rat$1 :i* t5d to %ew t1 speak+ g5]ally1 ! furniture mo/ suitable = display is produc$ abroad1 :ile none c excel ,engli% cab9et mak]s 9 ! production ( useful furniture & woodwork1 :5 x is ! result ( design & h&icraft1 unfett]$ by ! detrim5tal1 b too popul>1 condition t ! article :5 f9i%$ %all appe> to be m co/ly ?an x really is4 ,9 conclusion1 x seems evid5t t1 ) all ! faults & %ortcom+s ( ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--& no d\bt !y 7 _m1 bo? ( commission & ( omission--/ill1 speak+ g5]ally1 !re 0 no lack ( m5 ) ability to design1 & no want ( well tra9$ pati5t craftsm5 to produce1 furniture :i* w\ld equal ! f9e/ examples ( ! ,r5aissance & ,jacobean p]iods4 ,) ! improv$ means ( int]-communication betwe5 ,engl& & h] ,colonies1 & ) ! *ief indu/rial c5tres ( ,europe unit$ = ! purposes ( comm]ce1 ! :ole civilis$ _w is1 z x 71 "o k+dom3 m]*ants & manufactur]s c select ! be/ & mo/ suitable mat]ials1 c obta9 photographs or draw+s ( ! mo/ di/ant examples1 or copies ( ! mo/ exp5sive designs1 :ile ! public ,art ,libr>ies ( ,london1 & ,p>is1 conta9 valuable works ( ref]5ce1 :i* are easily accessible to ! /ud5t or to ! workman4 ,x is v pleasant to be> te/imony to ! c\rtesy & assi/ance :i* ! /ud5t or workman inv>iably receives f ^? :o are 9 *>ge ( our public ref]5ce libr>ies4 ,!re ne$s1 h[ev]1 an important condition to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,good "w1 requir+ educat$ ?\ght to design1 & skill$ lab\r to produce1 mu/ be paid = at a v diff]5t rate to ! furniture ( ma*9$ m\ld+s1 /amp$ ornam5t1 & o!r num]\s & inexp5sive sub/itutes = h&work1 :i* our pres5t civilization has enabl$ our manufactur]s to produce1 & :i*1 = ! pres5t1 seems to f9d fav\r ) ! multitude4 ,x has be5 well said t ,decorat$ or sumptu\s furniture is n m]ely furniture t is exp5sive to buy1 b t :i* has be5 elaborat$ ) mu* ?\ght1 k1 & skill4 ,su* furniture _c he *eap c]ta9ly1 b ! real co/ is sometimes borne by ! arti/ :o produces1 r ?an by ! man :o may happ5 to buy x4#bh ,x is (t5 =gott5 t ! price paid is t ( ! lives & heal? ( ! work]s & _! families4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a po9t has n[ be5 rea*$ at :i* our task mu/ be br\ght to its natural conclusion3 = al?\gh _m collectors & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 h invit$ ! writ]'s att5tion to num]\s descriptions & examples1 f an exam9ation ( :i* mu* in=mation c\ld1 )\t d\bt1 be obta9$1 /ill1 ! exig5cies ( a busy life1 & ! limits ( a s+le volume ( mod]ate dim5sions1 =bid ! attempt to add to a /ory :i*1 x is fe>$1 may p]haps h already ov]tax$ ! read]'s pati5ce4 ,z has already be5 sugge/$ 9 ! preface1 ?is book is n int5d$ to be a guide to collect+1 or furni%+2 nev]!less1 x is possible t1 9 ! c\rse ( record+ "s ( ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 designs & fa%ions1 & ( br++ into notice1 "h & !re1 ! op9ions ( ^? :o h ?\ght & writt5 ^u ! subject1 "s indirect assi/ance may h be5 giv5 9 bo? ^! directions4 ,if ?is %\ld be ! case1 & if an increas$ int]e/ has be5 !reby excit$ 9 ! surr\nd+s ( ! ,home1 or 9 "s ( ^? ,art collections--! "w ( by-gone ye>s--:i* =m "p ( our ,national prop]ty1 ! writ]'s aim & object w h be5 atta9$1 & 8 humble ef=ts amply rew>d$4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bc3 ,! pres5t firm is ,radley1 ,robson & ,mackay4 ,footnote #bd3 ,?is ,collection1 n[ bett] kn[n z ! ,wallace ,collection1 has be5 bequea!d to ! ,nation4 ,footnote #be3 ,miss ,r[e1 :o has made "s valuable contributions to ! lit]ature ( ,woodwork1 has writt5 h&-books = "y woodc>v]s1 :i* are publi%$ "u ! sanction ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton au?orities4 ,footnote #bf3 ,essay by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,s4 ,prior1 ,( ,furniture & ! ,room4 ,footnote #bg3 ,publi%$ 9 #ahfh1 :5 ! craze = novelties 0 at its height4 ,footnote #bh3 ,essay on ,decorat$ ,furniture1 by ,j4 ,h4 ,poll54 ,app5dix4 ,! foll[+ ,li/ ( ! ,names ( "s ,arti/s & ,manufactur]s ( pa/ times1 9 alphabetical ord]1 w be useful = ref]5ce4 ,! ,au?or is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,hung]=d ,poll5 = "s additions to 8 li/ 9 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,furniture4 7publi%$ 9 #ahgd74 ,! names ( exi/+ firms are n includ$1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! l>ge numb] :o might fairly claim a place among/ ! mak]s ( furniture ( ! pres5t "t1 & p>tly because any selection ( names by a contempor>y w\ld appe> to be invidi\s & arbitr>y3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,names ( ,arti/s or ,c\ntry & "t 9 ,rem>ks & ,manufactur]s4 :i* !y work$4 ,ref]5ces4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,a ,adam1 ,j4 7& ,r47 ,engl& #agbh-agib ,*apt] vii4 ,agnolo1 ,b4 d' ,italy #adfj-aefc ,ar*itect :o design$ mu* int>sia "w1 also c>v$ *ur* "w4 ,agnolo1 ,d4 d' #af? c5tury ,son ( above4 ,agnolo1 ,j4 d' ,ditto4 ,ambrogio1 ,g4 #ag? ,annoot1 ---- ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] ix41 p4 #bce 7,fr5* /yle74 ,ards1 ,w4 ,fl&]s #ae? ,execut$ c>v+s 9 ! ro( ( ,hotel de ,ville1 ,mal9es4 ,arm&1 ,jean ,france #ah? ,m>quetry4 ,as9elis1 ,a4 ,italy #af? ,aubi*e1 ,jacques d' ,france #ah? ,faub\rg1 ,/e4 ,anto9e4 ,b ,ba*eli]1 ---- ,france #af? c5tury ,ba]ze1 ,j4 de ,fl&]s #ad? ,c>v$ figure "w1 pres]v$ 9 ,museum ( ,dijon4 ,bak]1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,fl[] pa9t]4 ,bal?az>1 ,lieut& ,france ,b>ili1 ,a4 ,italy #af? ,c>v$ woodwork = ,ca!dral ( ,si5a4 ,b>ili1 ,g4 7,flor5ce7 ,c>v$ doors 9 ! ,vatican4 ,b>ili1 ,s4 ,c>v$ "w = ,ca!dral ( ,si5a4 ,b>ry1 ,sir ,*>les ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] viii41 woodwork 7ar*itect7 ( ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,baumg>tn]1 ,u4 ,g]many #ag? c5tury ,made ! celebrat$ ,pom]anian ,art ,cab9et 9 ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,beaugreant1 ,g4 de ,fl&]s #af? ,"o ( ! design]s ( ! *imney-piece at ,bruges1 see p4 #fc4 ,beck1 ,s4 ,g]many ,belli1 ,a4 ,a4 ,italy ,belli1 ,g4 ,b5eman1 ,g4 ,france #ah? ,maitre b5i/e 9 #aghe1 work$ at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,b]a91 ,j4 #afcf-agaa ,*apt] vi41 design$ = ,b\le4 ,b]gamo1 ,d4 da ,italy #adij-aeej ,int>sia "w 9 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,dom9ic 9 ,bologno4 ,b]gamo1 ,s4 da #af? c5tury ,bro!r & assi/ant4 ,b]n>do1 ---- ,b]ruguete1 ---- ,spa9 #adhj-aefa ,*apt] iii4 7,spani% section71 pupil ( ,m4 ,angelo4 ,b]tol9a1 ,b4 ,j4 ,italy #af? c5tury ,beya]t1 ,j4 ,fl&]s #ae? ,c>v+s 9 ro( ( ,salle de ,m>riage1 ,hotel de ,ville1 ,l\va94 ,b9son1 ,&rieu de ,france #ah? ,furniture & c>riage decorator1 work$ 9 #agcf4 ,blake1 ,s4 ,engl& #ai? ,m>quet]ie furniture 7,fr5* /yle71 p4 #bce4 ,blondeel1 ,l4 ,fl&]s #adie-aefj ,design$ ! *imney-piece at ,bruges1 see p4 #fc4 ,bolgi1 ,g4 ,italy #ah? c5tury ,bonzanigo1 ,g4 ,m4 ,borello1 ,f4 #af? ,borgona1 ,f4 de ,spa9 ,botto1 ,b4 ,italy ,fam\s wood c>v]4 ,botto1 ,g4 ,b4 ,botto1 ,p4 ,botto1 ,s4 ,a4 ,b\lle1 ,a4 ,c4 ,france #afdb-agcb ,*apt] vi4 7g5]ally spelt ,b\le7 ,b\lle1 ,p4 #ag? c5tury ,born #afai1 premi] b5i/e to ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,b\rd91 ,m4 #af? ,*apt] iii41 pp4 #fj1 #fc4 ,br&ri1 ---- #ag? ,an ,italian1 work$ ) ,goletti at ,pietra ,dura "u ,colb]t4 ,brescia1 ,r4 da ,italy #af? ,bross1 ---- de ,france #ag? ,bruggeman1 ,h4 ,g]many #ae? ,c>v]4 ,bruhl1 ,a4 ,fl&]s #af? & #ag? ,c>v$ /alls ( c5turies ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore 9 ,v5ice4 ,brunelles*i1 ,f4 ,italy #acgg-addf ,bru/olone1 ,a4 #afgj-agcb ,buontal5ti1 ,b4 ,t4 #af? c5tury ,burb1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,said to h work$ = ,m4 de ,pompad\r 7,v]nis ,m>t9 /yle74 ,c ,caffi]i1 ,ph4 ,france #ag? & #ah? ,*ap4 vi4 7work$ c5turies ) ,ries5]7 fam\s m\nt]4 ,campbell & ,sons ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii41 p4 #aih4 ,canabas1 ,joseph ,france ,made me*anical tables1 ,rue du fg4 ,/4 ,anto9e4 ,cano1 ,a4 ,spa9 #ag? ,canavo1 ,j4 de4 ,italy #af? ,canozii1 ,c4 ,execut$ int>sia "w 9 ,s4 ,m>co1 ,v5ice4 ,canozii1 ,g4 ,m4 ,c>v]s ( *ur* decorative ,canozii1 ,l4 "w4 ,capitsoldi1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,l\is ,seize /yle ( furniture4 ,capo di ,f]ro1 ,italy #af? ,bro!rs ,c>l91 ,e4 ,france #ah? ,/amp$ on table 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,c>l91 ,m>t9 ,ebony ) porcela9 plaques1 lac1 & ,pietra ,dura4 ,c>lone1 ,j4 ,italy ,c>nic]o1 ,a4 ,spa9 #afic-agef ,sculptor1 c>v$ 9 conv5t ( ,valladolid4 ,c>t]1 ---- ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii4 7ar*itect7 ,ca/elli1 ,q4 ,italy #af? ,caun]1 ---- ,france #ah? ,*apt] vii4 7frames 9 ,l\is ,,xv4 /yle74 ,cauvet1 ,g4 ,p4 #agca-aghh ,c]acci1 ,g4 ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,italian1 modell$ = ,r4 ,adam4 ,c]velli]a1 ,b4 del ,italy ,*amb]s1 ,sir ,w4 ,engl& #agbf-agif ,*apt] vii41 introduc$ ,*9ese /yle 9 furniture4 ,*ipp5dale1 ,t4 #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii4 ,cipriani1 ,g4 ,b4 ,*apt] vii41 employ$ by ,*amb]s & o!rs to pa9t furniture4 ,claude1 ,*>les ,s4 ,france ,faub\rg ,/e4 ,anto9e1 #ageb1 good pla9 "w ) metal m\nts4 ,claude1 ,lebesque ,work$ 9 ,p>is1 #agga4 ,cleyn1 ,f4 ,r4 ,engl& #ag? ,work$ = ,*>les ,,ii4 ,coe*1 ,p4 ,fl&]s #af? ,*apt] iii41 p4 #fc4 ,coit1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,*as] ( metal m\nts4 ,collett1 ,a4 ,*apt] vii41 c>v]4 ,collmann1 ,l4 ,w4 #ai? ,*apt] viii41 p4 #bbj4 ,copel&1 ---- #ah? ,cosson1 ,j4 ,l4 ,france ,/amp$ on ! table 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,cotte1 ,j4 de ,cotte1 ,r4 ,d4 ,france #afef-agce ,cotton1 ,c4 ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,c\et1 ,l4 ,jaques ,france ,rue de ,bussy 9 #aggd4 ,cram]1 ,m4 ,g4 ,/amp$ on tables 9 ,be?nal ,cress5t1 ---- ,gre5 ,museum 7,ma9w>+ ,collection74 ,d ,d>ly1 ,ma?ias ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii41 p4 #ahf1 design]4 ,david1 ---- 7see ,ro5tg57 ,france ,*apt] vi41 fam\s = m>quet]ie4 ,davy1 ,r4 ,engl& #agej-agid ,wood c>v+1 p4 #aih4 ,dello ,delli ,italy #ad? #ae? c5turies ,deloose1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,/amp$ on table 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,delorme1 ---- ,/amp$ on table 9 ,be?nal ,d5izot1 ---- ,gre5 ,museum 7,ma9w>+ ,collection74 ,dol51 ---- van ,fl&]s #ah? c5tury ,c>v+s 9 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,gudule1 ,brussels4 ,donatello1 ---- ,italy #achj-adff ,dorsi5t1 ,a4 ,c42 ,c4 ,oc4 ,fl&]s #aj? c5tury ,sign$ on c>v$ door 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 dat$ #aehj4 ,d[bigg91 ---- ,engl& #ah? & #ai? ,*apt] vii4 & c5turies viii4 7,gill['s appr5tice74 ,duc]eau1 ,a4 ,france #aeae-aeah ,dug>1 ,e4 ,italy #af? c5tury ,dug\rc ,france late #ah? ,design$ = ,b5eman1 ,sw]dfi*]1 & o!rs4 ,duplessis1 ---- ,fam\s m\nt] ( furniture4 ,du ,quefnoy1 ,f4 ,h4 & ,j4 ,fl&]s #ag? ,e ,ellaume1 ,jean ,c4 ,france #ah? c5tury ,work$ 9 ,p>is1 #aged4 ,elliott1 ,*>les ,engl& ,*apt] vii41 p4 #aih4 ,eti5ne1 ,avril ,france ,liv$ at ! ,rue ,*>5ton 9 #aggd1 good pla9 "w ) metal m\nts4 ,f ,faydh]be1 ,l4 7arti/ & ,fl&]s #afbg-afid ,*apt] iii4 ar*itect7 ,feu*]1 ---- 7m\nt]7 ,france #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vi4 ,flaxman1 ---- ,engl& & ,*apt] vii4 ,italy ,filipo1 ,d4 di ,italy #af? ,fitzcook1 ,h4 ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] viii41 design$ = manufactur]s4 ,flre91 ,j4 ,fl&]s #ae? ,floris1 ,c4 ,ne!rl&s #af? ,*apt] iii4 ,fltn]1 ,p4 ,g]many #af? c5tury ,designs = furniture 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,=e/i]1 ---- ,france #ah? ,m\nt] ( mahogany furniture4 ,f\rd9ois1 ---- #ai? ,*apt]s viii4 & ix41 exhibit$ '#ea1 '#fg4 ,france1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii41 p4 #aih4 ,g ,gabl]1 ,m4 ,g]many #ag? c5tury ,ga9e1 ---- ,france #ah? ,gall1 ---- ,holl& #ag? ,ebony1 ) metal & h>d pebbles4 ,galletti1 ,g4 ,italy #ah? ,gallieux1 ---- ,france ,/amp$ on tables 7m\nt]7 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,g>ni]1 ,p4 ,/amp$ on table1 & on m>quetry encoignures 9 ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]'s ,collection4 ,g5f]1 ,m4 ,g]many #ag? ,g]vasius1 ---- ,engl& ,getti*1 ,p4 ,g]many ,geus]1 ,m4 ,gheel1 ,f4 van ,fl&]s #ah? ,gibbons1 ,g4 ,engl& #ag? ,*apt] iv41 work$ = ,*>les ,,ii4 ,gillet1 ,l\is ,france #ah? ,work$ 9 ,p>is1 #aggf4 ,gill[1 ,r4 ,engl& #ah? & #ai? ,*apt]s vii41 c5turies viii41 ix4 ,giovanni1 ,fra ,italy #af? c5tury ,glos5camp1 ,h4 ,fl&]s ,*apt] iii4 7,bruges *imney-piece74 ,goletti1 ---- ,france #ag? ,pietra ,dura1 work$ "u ,colb]t4 ,g\jon1 ,j4 #af? ,sculptor1 design$ mu* furniture4 ,g\?ire1 ,p4 #ah? ,*apt] vi41 born #agdj1 work$ ) ,ries5]1 fam\s m\nt]4 ,h ,hab]mann1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,rococo or ,pompad\r /yle4 ,hab]t1 ---- ,italy #af? to #ag? ,/amp$ on examples 9 ,hamilton ,palace ,collection4 ,haegh51 ---- van d] ,fl&]s #ah? ,heck+]1 ,j4 ,g]many #ag? ,h$om1 ,j4 ,b4 ,france #ah? ,he9h(]1 ,ph4 #af? & #ag? ,design$ ! c5turies celebrat$ ,pom]ian ,art ,cab9et 9 ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,helmont1 --- van ,fl&]s #ah? c5tury ,c>v$ pulpits 9 ,/4 ,john ,bapti/1 ,cologne4 ,h5rieux1 ---- ,france ,fam\s m\nt]4 ,hepple:ite1 ,a4 ,engl& ,*apt] vii4 ,h]n&ez1 ,g4 ,spa9 #aehf-afdf4 ,h]r+1 ---- ,engl& #ai? c5tury ,*apt] viii4 ,holbe91 ---- e>ly #af? ,*apt] 7iii47 7,engli% section74 ,hol?aus51 ,h4 ,j4 ,france #ah? ,/amp$ on table 9 ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum 7,ma9w>+ ,collection74 ,holmes1 ,w4 ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] viii4 7design]74 ,hool1 ,j4 ,b4 van ,fl&]s #ah? ,hope1 ,t4 7ar*itect7 e>ly #ai? ,*apt] viii41 classical /yle4 ,huet1 ---- ,france #ah? ,huyg5s -- 7lacqu]7 ,france ,holl& ,*apt] vi4 #ag? c5tury ,hyman1 ,f4 ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,i ,ince1 ,w4 ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii41 contempor>y ) ,*ipp5dale4 ,j ,jackson & ,graham ,engl& #ai? c5tury ,*apt]s viii4 & ix41 exhibit$ '#ea4 ,jans51 ,g4 ,france #ah? ,/amp$ on table 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,john ( ,/4 ,om] 7,fr5*man7 #ac? ,c\rt pa9t] h\se decorator to ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,john ( ,padua #ae? ,*apt] iii41 employ$ by ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,johnson1 ,t4 #ah? ,*apt] vii41 p4 #aih4 ,jones1 ,inigo 7ar*itect7 e>ly #ag? ,*apt] iv4 ,juni1 7,j4 ,d47 ,spa9 #af? & #ag? c5turies ,k ,kamp51 ,lamb]t van ,g]many #af? c5tury ,c>v$ ! ,*apt] ,h\se panels 9 ,mn/]1 ,we/fal54 ,kauffmann1 ,a4 7arti/7 ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii4 7pa9t$ furniture74 ,kiskn]1 ,u4 ,g]many #ag? ,kraft1 ,j4 ,c4 7ar*itect7 ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii4 ,ku5l91 ,j4 ,g]many #ag? ,l ,ladetto1 ,f4 ,italy #ah? c5tury ,lalonde1 ---- ,france ,furniture ) me*anical contrivances 7,l\is ,,xvi474 ,l>dant1 ,jacques #af? ,*apt] iii41 p4 #fj4 ,la?ille1 ,pi]re ,france #ah? c5tury ,work$ 9 ,p>is1 #agcg4 ,lawreans1 ---- ,engl& #ag? ,pupil ( ,g4 ,gibbons 7*apt] iv47 ,le ,brun1 ---- 7arti/7 ,france ,*apt] vi41 design$ = ,b\le4 ,lecreux1 ,n4 ,a4 ,j4 ,fl&]s #ageg-ahcf ,c>v$ pulpits4 ,lelu1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vi41 /amp$ on specim5 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,work$ = ,madame ,du,barri4 ,le ,moyne #afde-agah ,leop>di1 ,a4 ,italy #adej-aebe ,le ,pautre1 ,j4 ,france #afag-afhb ,le ,r\x1 ,j4 ,b4 #ah? c5tury ,*imney-pieces & room decorations4 ,work$ 9 #aggg4 ,levasseur1 ---- ,*apt] vi4 ,lieut&1 ---- ,/amp$ on specim5s 9 collection ,national ,mobili]1 ,p>is4 ,l9nell1 ,j4 ,engl& #ah? ,furniture 9 ,*ipp5dale /yle ,lock1 ,m4 ,*apt] viii41 c>v] & gild]1 ,mobili] ,national1 ,p>is4 ,loir1 ,a4 ,france #afcj-agac ,l',orme1 ,ph4 de #af? c5tury ,lunigia1 ,a4 da ,italy ,m ,mac1 ,j4 ,france #ag? c5tury ,m5uisi] en bne1 0 lodg$ 9 ! ,l\vre to "w1 9 #afdd4 ,claud1 ,isaac1 ,l\is 787 sons ( ! above ,mac ,maffeis1 ,p4 di ,italy #ae? ,maggiol9o1 ---- #ah? ,a ,milanese cab9et mak] 7m>quetry *e/s ( draw]s71 contempor>y ) ,ries5]4 ,magi/]1 ,o4 #af? ,majano1 ,b4 da #ae? ,c(f] mak] to ,mat?ias ,corv9us1 ,k+ ( ,hung>y4 ,majano1 ,g4 da #adcb-adij ,manw>+1 ,rob]t ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*air mak] 7*ap4 vii41 p4 #agc74 ,mag>itome1 ---- ,italy #abcf-acac ,m>ot1 ,d4 ,france #afej-agjj8 ,m>ot1 ,g4 #ag? c5tury ,m>ot1 ,j4 #afbe-afgi ,m>t91 ,r4 #agjf-agfe ,*apt] vi41 introduc$ ,v]nis-,m>t94 ,m>t9c\rt1 ---- #ah? c5tury ,bronze *as]4 ,mayhew1 ---- ,engl& ,*apt] vii41 contempor>y ) ,*ipp5dale4 ,meissonni]1 ,j4 ,a4 ,france #afic-agej ,introduc$ brok5 %ell-%ap$ curves & ! m rococo /yle ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 to ,,xv4 ,m5del]1 ,g4 ,g]many #ag? c5tury ,meul51 ,r4 van d] ,fl&]s #afde-agag ,c>v$ *imney-pieces 7,g4 ,gibbon's /yle74 ,miglionn1 ,f]d9& ,france #ag? c5tury ,invit$ to ,france by ,colb]t4 ,filippo de ,m9ore1 ,g4 ,italy #ae? ,mod5a1 ,p4 da ,*air ( ,s4 ,francesco 9 ,trevisco 9 #adhf4 ,mo5>t1 ,m4 ,fl&]s #ag? ,c>v$ ! /alls 9 ,/4 ,james'1 ,bruges4 ,monbro1 ---- ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] ix41 p4 #bcc4 ,montepulciano1 ,g4 da ,italy #af? ,mor&1 de ,pont de ,vaux ,france ,/amp$ on a clock case at ,v]sailles1 ) date #agjf4 ,morant1 ---- ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] viii4 ,mos]1 ,l4 ,g]many #ae? ,mll]1 ,d4 #ag? ,mll]1 ,j4 ,n ,newrone1 ,g4 ,c4 ,italy #af? c5tury ,nilson1 ---- ,france #ah? ,*apt] vii41 c>v]4 ,nys1 ,l4 de ,fl&]s ,c>v$ confessionals1 "w ,nys1 ,p4 de dat$ #agfh4 ,o ,oeb51 ,jean ,francis ,france #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vi41 /amp$ on secretaire 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,9 #agea b5i/es 7 b\nd to /amp _! "w4 ,?is ,oeb5 di$ 9 #agfe4 ,oeb51 ,simon 7probably ,call$ ! inv5tor ( cyl9d] son ( ! above7 secretaires4 ,oo/1 ,p4 van4 ,fl&]s #ad? ,opp51 ,oorde ,jean ,holl& & #ah? ,france ,p ,pa*]1 ,m4 ,g]many #ae? c5tury ,padova1 ,z4 da ,italy #af? ,pafrat1 ---- ,france #ah? ,on tables 9 ,jones ,collection at ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum4 ,panturmo1 ,j4 di ,italy #adib-aeef ,p>do1 ,g4 ,spa9 #af? c5tury ,p>eta1 ,g4 di ,italy ,passe1 ,c4 de ,france ,*apt] iii4 ,passe1 ,c4 de1 ! y\ng] ,*apt] iii4 ,p]ci] & ,fonta9e ,france #ah? & #ai? ,*apt] viii41 p4 c5turies #bje1 ,empire 7ar*itects7 furniture4 ,p]golesi1 ---- 7arti/7 ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii41 employ$ by ,rob]t ,adam4 ,p]real1 ,j4 ,france #ae? ,pettitt 7o!rwise ,petit71 #ah? ,/amp$ on specim5s 9 ,jones ,ni*olas ,collection & 9 ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum1 #agfa4 ,philippon1 ,a4 ,france #af? ,picau1 ---- #ah? ,*apt] vii41 c>v] ( frames 7,l\is ,,xv4 /yle74 ,picq1 ,j4 ,fl&]s #ag? ,piffetti1 ,a4 ,p4 ,italy #agjj-aggg ,furni%$ ,royal ,palace ( ,tus9 7,b\le /yle74 ,pigalle1 ---- ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,fr5* sculptor4 ,pillon1 ,g4 ,france late #af? ,*apt] iii4 ,p9odo1 ---- ,spa9 #ah? ,signature on pa9t$ cab9et 9 ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum4 ,pioniez1 ---- ,france ,/amp$ on secretaire 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,plumi]1 ,p4 ,d4 ,fl&]s #afhh-agba ,poit\1 ,phillipe ,france #ah? c5tury b5i/e de ,france4 ,porfirio1 ,b4 di ,italy #af? ,prignot1 ---- ,engl& #ai? ,design$ = ,jackson & ,graham4 ,puget1 ---- ,france #ah? ,furniture & %ip decorator4 ,q ,quell91 ,a4 ,fl&]s #afji-affh ,quell91 ,a41 ! y\ng] #afbe-agjj ,quell91 ,e4 #ag? c5tury ,r ,raephor/1 ,b4 van ,fl&]s #ae? c5tury ,c>v] ( *ur* r]$os 9 #agdj4 ,ramello1 ,f4 ,italy #af? ,ranson1 ---- ,france #ah? ,ras*1 ,a4 ,fl&]s #ae? ,*apt] iii4 ,*imney-piece 9 ,palais de ,ju/ice1 ,bruges4 ,revitt1 ,n4 7ar*itect7 ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii4 ,ri*>dson1 ,george ,*apt] vii41 p4 #ahf4 ,design] ,ri*t]1 ,c4 ,france ,/amp$ on cab9et 9 ! ,jones ,collection4 ,ries5]1 ---- ,born #agcj4 ,*apt] vi41 b5i/e to ,m4 ,anto9ette1 came f ,gladbeck1 ne> ,cologne4 ,di$ 9 #ahjf4 ,ro5tg51 ,d4 7see also ,*apt] vi41 contempor>y ) ,david7 ,ries5]4 ,0 liv+ 9 #aghj4 ,rog]s1 ,h4 ,engl& #ai? ,c>v$ 9 boxwood1 ,*apt] viii4 ,rohan1 ,j4 de4 #af? ,maitre ,m5uisi]s ,rohan1 ,j4 de4 ( ,lyons1 #aedh4 ,ros*1 ,j4 ,g]many #ae? ,rossi1 ,p4 de ,italy #ae? #af? c5turies ,lady arti/ ( ,bologna1 c>v$ m9ute "w on pea* /ones4 ,rovezzano1 ,b4 da ,engl& #af? c5tury ,employ$ by ,c>d9al ,wolsey4 ,ruck]a1 ,?4 ,augsburg ,*apt] iii4 7,g]man section71 /eel *air1 ,long=d ,ca/le4 ,s ,sa9t-,g]ma9 ,france #ah? c5tury ,sa9t ,yues1 ,anto9e de ,salambi]1 ---- #ah? #ai? ,design$ room c5turies decorations1 mirror frames1 etc4 ,sangh]1 ,j4 de ,fl&]s #ag? c5tury ,s*eld51 ,p4 van d] #af? ,s*wanh>d1 ,h4 ,g]many #ag? ,inv5t$ ! ,wavy m\ld+s us$ 9 ,dut* & ,g]man furniture4 ,s$don1 ,?omas ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] viii41 contempor>y ) e>ly ,gill[4 ,s$don1 ,?omas ,george ,*apt] viii41 furni%$ ,w9dsor 7sons ( above7 ,ca/le4 ,s]lius1 ,s4 ,france #af? ,s]vell9o1 ,g4 del ,italy #ae? ,%e>]1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii4 ,%]aton1 ,?4 ,*apt] vii4 ,slocombe1 ,p4 #ai? ,*apt] ix41 p4 #bde1 design]4 ,smet1 ,r4 de ,fl&]s #af? ,*apt] iii4 7,bruges *imney piece74 ,smi?1 ,g4 ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] viii4 7publi%$ book ( designs74 ,snell1 ---- #ai? ,som]1 ,jacques ,france #ah? ,/ew>t1 ,jas4 7ar*itect7 ,engl& ,*apt] vii4 ,/obre1 ,laur5t ,france #ag? ,/ockel1 ,joseph #ah? ,work$ at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,/oss1 ,v4 ,g]many #adch-aecc ,/reet1 ,sir ,g41 ,r4 ,a1 ,engl& #ai? c5tury ,! ,new ,law ,c\rts 7m$ival woodwork74 ,swan1 ,abraham 7ar*itect7 #ah? ,*apt] vii4 ,sw]dfi*]1 ,f4 ,france ,made ! jewel cab9et ( ,m4 ,anto9ette1 n[ 9 ! ,g>de ,meuble4 ,syrl91 ,j4 ,g]many #ae? ,syrl91 ,j41 ! y\ng] #ae? & #af? ,*ap4 iii4 c5turies 7*oir /alls1 ,ulm ,ca!dral1 #adfb-adgd74 ,t ,tailleb]t1 ,u4 ,fl&]s #af? c5tury ,talb]t1 ,b4 ,j4 7ar*itect7 ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] ix4 ,design$ furniture 9 ,go?ic /yle4 ,tasso1 ,d4 ,italy #ae? #af? c5tr's4 ,kn[n z wood c>v]s ,tasso1 ,g4 9 ,flor5ce4 ,work$ f ,m4 ,tasso1 ,g4 ,b4 ,angelo's designs4 ,tasso1 ,m4 ,d4 ,italy #ae? c5tury ,ta?am1 ,c4 ,h4 7ar*itect7 ,engl& #ah? ,design$ int]ior decorations1 c41 = ! ,duke ( ,york4 ,taur9i1 ,r4 ,italy #af? ,pupil ( ,a4 ,dur] 7/alls ( ,milan ,ca!dral74 ,?omas1 ---- 7ar*itect7 ,engl& #ah? ,*apt] vii4 ,?omire1 ,p4 ,ph4 7m\nt]7 ,france #agea-ahdc ,museum ( ,mobili] ,national1 ,p>is4 ,tolfo1 ,g4 ,italy #af? c5tury ,toms & ,luscombe ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] ix41 p4 #bce 7,fr5* /yle74 ,top9o1 ,g4 ,france #ah? ,on examples 9 ,jones ,collection4 ,toro1 ---- #ah? ,/yle ( ,b\le 7made = ,palace ( ,v]sailles74 ,torrigiano1 ---- ,engl& #adgb-aebb ,design$ %r9e ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 7,we/m9/] ,abbey74 ,toto1 ---- #acca-acea ,t[n & ,emanuel #ai? c5tury ,*apt] xi41 pp4 #bcc-e 7,fr5* /yle74 ,trav]s1 ,r4 ,france #ah? ,work$ 9 ,p>is1 #aggd4 ,trevigi1 ,g4 da ,engl& #aejc-dd ,c\rt pa9t] & decorator to ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,tri>d1 ,j4 ,b4 ,france #ah? c5tury ,tu>t1 ---- #ah? ,lacqu] "w4 ,u ,uccello1 ,p4 ,italy #acif-adgi ,ugli5go1 ,c4 #ah? c5tury ,v ,vasson1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,a ,m\nt]1 or ,bronzi/e4 ,v5asca1 ,g4 ,p4 ,italy #ah? ,v]brugg51 ,p4 ,fl&]s #ag? ,*apt] iii4 ,c>v$ *ur* ornam5tal "w4 ,v]brugg51 ,p4 ! #affj-agbd ,*apt] iii4 ,pulpit ( ,jesuits' y\ng] ,college1 ,antw]p4 ,v]haeg51 ,?4 #ah? c5tury ,c>v$ "w 9 sev]al ,me*l9 ,*ur*es4 ,v9c5zo1 ,fra ,italy ,work$ at ,v]ona 7int>sia74 ,vion1 ---- ,france #ah? c5tury ,a ,m\nt]1 or ,bronzi/]4 ,voy]s1 ---- ,engl& #ah? ,l\is ,seize /yle ( furniture4 ,vriesse1 ,v4 de ,france #ag? ,*apt] iii4 ,w ,waldron1 ---- ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,orig9ally c>v]1 aft]w>ds actor4 ,walk]1 ,h4 #af? ,watson1 ---- #ag? & #ah? ,*apt] iv41 pupil c5turies ( ,g4 ,gibbons4 ,webb1 ---- #ai? c5tury ,*apt] ix41 p4 #bce4 ,w$gwood1 ,josiah ,engl& #ah? c5tury ,*apt] vii41 introduc$ 8 plaques = furniture4 ,we9kopf1 ,w4 ,g]many #af? ,work$ 9 ,nuremb]g1 temp4 ,a4 ,dur]4 ,w]!im]1 ,s4 ,engl& #ai? ,*apt] ix41 p #bcc4 ,wilk9son1 ---- ,*apt] viii4 ,willemf5s1 ,l4 ,fl&]s #afce-agjb ,william ! ,flor5t9e ,engl& #ac? c5tury ,c\rt pa9t] & h\se decorator to ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,wilton1 ,j4 ,engl& #ah? ,employ$ by ,sir ,w4 ,*amb]s4 ,wr51 ,sir ,c4 #af? to #ag? c5turies ,*apt] iv4 ,wright & ,mansfield #ai? c5tury ,adams /yle ( furniture4 ,z ,zabello1 ,f4 ,italy #af? c5tury ,/alls 9 ,ca!dral ( ,b]gamo4 ,zorn1 ,g4 ,g]many #ag? ,,note4--,! ,monogram ,,me1 br&$ on "s ( ! old eighte5? c5tury ,fr5* cab9ets1 /&s = ,m5uisi] b5i/e1 & g5]ally accompanies ! "n or initials ( ! mak]4 ,,woods4 ,! foll[+ diff]5t k9ds ( wood are us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,furniture4 ,,= ,,! ,,be/ ,,furniture4 ,amboyna4 ,black ,ebony4 ,brazil ,wood4 ,corom&el4 ,mahogany4 ,maple4 ,oak 7v>i\s k9ds74 ,rosewood4 ,sat9 ,wood4 ,s&al ,wood4 ,sweet ,*e/nut4 ,sweet ,c$>4 ,tulip ,wood4 ,walnut4 ,olive4 ,zebra ,wood4 ,,= ,,common ,,furniture ,,& ,,int]ior ,,fitt+s4 ,p9es4 ,deals4 ,bee*4 ,bir*4 ,c$>s4 ,*]ry ,tree4 ,walnut4 ,mahogany4 ,a%4 ,also "s selections ( ,honduras mahogany :5 f9ely m>k$1 & diff]5t v>ieties ( ! ,eucalyptus4 ,! mo/ exp5sive ( ^! are us$ 9 v5e]s2 & 9 ! m ornam5tal & poly*romatic m>quetry1 holly1 horse *e/nut1 sycamore1 pe> tree & plum tree are us$1 be+ woods easily /a9$4 ,among/ "s ( ! r>] & m beautifully m>k$ woods1 us$ 9 small quantities1 are ! foll[+3-- ,mu/aiba4 ,palmyra4 ,p>tridge ,wood4 ,p]uvian4 ,pheasant ,wood4 ,purple ,wood4 ,pr9ces ,wood4 ,rosetta4 ,snakewood4 ,yacca ,wood4 ,,teak is an extremely /rong ,ea/ ,india wood2 !re is also an ,african teak 7,si]ra ,leone71 call$ ,african oak4 ,,%i%am or ,,blackwood 7,dalb]gia ,sps7 is a heavy close-gra9$ wood1 d>k br[n 9 color1 resembl+ ebony :5 poli%$1 & is mu* us$ = furniture 9 ,india4 ,,s&al ,,wood1 ,,teak1 ,,mango ,,wood4--,sir ,george ,birdwood1 9 ,indian ,arts1 gives a complete li/ ( ^! ,indian woods1 ) _! botanical names & o!r valuable in=mation4 ,= a m complete li/ ( ! diff]5t woods us$ by cab9et mak]s1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,hung]=d ,poll5's ,introduction to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,collection2 to _m ( ^! he has be5 able1 aft] mu* rese>*1 to give _! botanical names1 a task r5d]$ some:at difficult ow+ to ! popul> "n ( ! wood be+ d]iv$ f "s peculi> m>k+ or col\r+ b giv+ no clue to its botanical /atus4 ,among/ ^! are tulip wood1 rose wood1 k+ wood1 pheasant wood1 p>tridge wood1 & snake wood4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t1 :]eas 9 ,engl& ! t]ms k+ wood & tulip wood repres5t ! =m]1 a wood ( ri* d>k r$di%-br[n color1 or purple madd]1 & ! latt] "o ( a yell[i%-r$1 prettily-/reak$1 9 ,france ^! t]ms h exactly ! rev]se equival5ts4 ,^! 7 v fav\rite v5e]s 9 ! be/ ,fr5* m>quet]ie furniture describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 & are frequ5tly f\nd1 ! "o z bord]+ to relieve ! panel or draw] front ( ! o!r4 ,9 ! ,museum at ,kew ,g>d5s1 & also 9 ! ,colonial ,gall]ies ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute1 are excell5t collections ( _m r>e woods well wor? exam9ation4 ,"s p>ticul>s ( ! diff]5t woods m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible1 f :i* examples ( ,anci5t ,furniture 7 manufactur$1 & to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,^! notes h be5 k9dly suppli$ by ,dr4 ,edw>d ,clapton1 ^: collection ( specim5s ( ^! sc>ce woods is ( great int]e/4 ,,%ittim ,,wood is ! wood ( ! ,%ittah tree1 or ,acacia ,seyal4 ,?is sp9y tree especially ab\nd$ 9 ! p59sula ( ,s9ai & ar\nd ! ,dead ,sea1 b 0 also f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,syria1 ,arabia1 & ,africa4 ,9 ! pres5t day ! %ittah trees are v few & small1 b 9 ! "t ( ,moses !re 7 =e/s ( !m1 & ( a size suffici5t to =m long & wide planks4 ,x is1 z ,j]ome says1 a v /rong wood ( incr$ible lightness & beauty1 &1 he adds1 x is n subject to decay4 ,?is corresponds to ! translation ( ! ,hebrew t]m = %ittim wood 9 ! ,septuag9t1 :i* is incorruptible wood4 ,?\gh light1 x is h>d1 /rong1 & durable4 ,z a pro( ( ?is1 ! ,ark1 & o!r furniture ( ! ,tab]nacle1 :i* 7 made ( %ittim wood1 mu/ h la/$ = a p]iod ( "s #ejj ye>s be=e all traces ( !m 7 lo/4 ,dean ,/anley rem>ks t ! plural ^w %ittim 0 giv5 to ! wood ( ! %ittah tree f ! tangl$ ?ickets into :i* ! /ems ( ! trees exp&4 ,,almug4--,! wood ( ! ,pt]oc>pus ,santal9us1 a l>ge tree ( ! ord] ,legum9os4--,! wood is v h>d1 has a r$di% color1 & takes a f9e poli%4 ,x is a native ( ,india & ,ceylon1 :5ce x 0 9 ,solomon's "t convey$ to ,ophir1 on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,africa1 & f ,ophir to ,pale/9e2 & ! navy also ( ,hiram1 t br\ght gold f ,ophir1 br\ght 9 great pl5ty ( almug trees1 & ! k+ made ( ! almug trees pill>s = ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 & = ! k+'s h\se1 h>ps also & psalt]ies = s+]s4 #a ,k+s x4 #aa1 #ab4 ,almug is n ! same z ,algum1 :i* grew on ,lebanon ) ! c$> & fir4 #b ,*ron4 ii4 #h4 ,,?y9e ,,wood4--,! wood ( ! ,?uja ,articulata1 n[ nam$ ,callitris ,quadrivalvis1 a tree ( ! cypress sub-ord] ( conif]1 f #bj to #cj feet high4 ,x is a native ( ,algi]s & ! ,atlas range ( ,nor? ,africa4 ,! wood is d>k color$1 h>d1 & fragrant1 tak+ a f9e poli%2 x yields an odorif]\s res9 call$ ,s&]a*1 :i* 0 mu* us$ by ! ,romans = inc5se 9 ! wor%ip ( _! gods4 ,?y9e takes its "n f to burn inc5se4 ,x 0 mu* priz$ by ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans1 n only because x 0 consid]$ sacr$ b also on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( ! wood = v>i\s ornam5tal purposes4 ,pl9y speaks ( ! mania ( 8 c\ntrym5 = ornam5ts made ( ?is wood1 & tells u t :5 ,roman ladies 7 upbraid$ by _! husb&s = _! extravagance 9 pe>ls1 !y retort$ ^u !m = _! excessive fondness = tables made ( ?y9e wood4 ,s great a rage 0 !re = ornam5tal cab9et "w 9 anci5t ,rome t ,cic]o _h a table made ( x t co/ #i1jjj4 ,ornam5ts made ( ?is wood c be se5 9 ! ,museum at ,kew1 pres5t$ by ! late ,j]ome ,napoleon4 ,! ceil+ & floor ( ! celebrat$ ,mosque ( ,cordova are ( ?y9e wood1 & x is also ref]r$ to 9 ! ,bible4 ,,tape/ry ,,us$ ,,= ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,gobel9s1 ,,beauvais1 ,,& ,,aubusson ,,tape/ry4--,! fam\s factory ( ,gobel9s orig9at$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( "s dye works 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,m>cel ( ,p>is1 by two bro!rs1 ,gilles & ,jean ,gobel91 :o _h introduc$ f ,v5ice ! art ( dye+ sc>let2 !y also produc$ "s o!r excell5t colors1 & ?is ent]prise--at fir/ consid]$ fooli%1 & acquir+ ! "n ( ,folie ,gobel9--aft]w>ds became mo/ successful4 ,?is 0 9 ! reign ( ,franois ,i42 !y subsequ5tly add$ a tape/ry factory to _! dye works4 ,ei!r 9 #affb or 9 #affg1 z diff]5t au?orities /ate1 ,colb]t1 :o _h succe$$ ,c>d9al ,maz>9 z ,*ief ,advis] & ,m9i/] ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 pur*as$ ! factory f ! ,gobel9 family1 & reorganis$ ! e/abli%m5t z ! ,royal ,uphol/]y ,works1 employ+ ! arti/s ,lebrun1 ,b]a91 ,simon ,v\et1 & o!rs1 to furni% subjects = ! c>toons1 ! =m] arti/ be+ appo9t$ ,director ( ! ,works4 ,s9ce #afig ! manufacture ( tape/ry only has be5 c>ri$ on1 & ! product ( ^! celebrat$ looms has become kn[n z ,gobel9s tape/ry4 ,previ\s to ?is "t1 h[ev]1 namely1 #affi1 ,colb]t ord]$ ! manufacture at ,gobel9s ( :at is t]m$ ! l[ w>p tape/ry suitable = furniture--a bran* ( manufacture :i* _h be5 transf]r$ to ! ,/ate works ( ,beauvais1 :]e ! special mode ( mak+ tape/ry1 suitable = ! cov]+ ( *airs & s(as1 has s9ce be5 c>ri$ on1 ! looms ( ,gobel9s be+ m g5]ally employ$ to produce l>g] panels = hang+s4 ,! f9e texture1 ! brilliant color+s ( ! fam\s tape/ry1 are _w fam\s2 & enorm\s sums are comm&$ by "s ( ! old] panels1 ! t9ts ( :i* are s(t5$ by age1 :ile ! condition rema9s good4 ,besides ! tape/ry = furniture1 sometimes made at ,gobel9s1 & m g5]ally at ,beauvais1 a great deal has be5 produc$ by ! looms at ,aubusson1 a factory said to h be5 orig9at$ by ! immigration ( "s ,flemi% workm5 into ,la ,m>* dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! difficulty 9 obta9+ good patt]ns & ! quality ( wool requir$1 _! tape/ry did n acquire a v high reputation4 ,colb]t grant$ ^! manufactories a ,*>t] 9 #affi1 & also gave !m protection aga9/ =eign rivals2 & ! looms ( ,aubusson became busy & _! proprietors prosp]\s4 ,! productions ( ,gobel9s & ,beauvais be+ monopolis$ by ! ,c\rt1 ! works ( ,aubusson _h to provide = ! m g5]al requirem5ts ( ! p1 &1 !re=e1 ?\gh good ( its k9d1 & occasionally excell5t1 ?is tape/ry has nev] atta9$ ! reputation ( its m fam\s contempor>ies4 ,to ^? :o w\ld le>n m ( ,tape/ry1 its hi/ory1 me?ods ( production1 & _m in/ructive details1 ! little ,s\? ,k5s+ton h&book1 ,tape/ry1 is highly comm5d$2 x 0 writt5 = ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t by ,m4 ,alfr$ de ,*ampeaux1 & translat$ by ,mrs4 ,r4 ,f4 ,sket*ley4 ,,! ,,processes ,,( ,,gild+ ,,& ,,poli%+4 ,,wood ,,gild+4--,! processes ( apply+ gold to wood & to metal are entirely diff]5t4 ,9 ! =m] ! gold1 :i* has be5 suppli$ to ! gild] 9 extremely ?9 lay]s1 g5]ally plac$ betwe5 ! leaves ( a little pap] book to prev5t !m /ick+ toge!r1 is transf]r$ !refrom to ! surface to be gilt1 by a dext]\s movem5t ( a flat gild]'s camel's hair bru%1 or tip1 z x is t]m$1 ! wood hav+ be5 previ\sly prep>$ by successive coat+s ( :it5+ & ?9 glue1 a ?ick] body ( prep>ations be+ requir$ = ^? p>ts :i* are to be burni%$4 ,a great deal dep5ds ^u ! c>e & "t be/[$ on ! prep>ation ( ! "w1 sometimes z _m z t5 coat+s be+ giv5 to ! wood1 & ^! are successively rubb$ d[n ) pumice /one & glass pap]1 c>e be+ tak5 n to lose ! %>pness ( c>v$ ornam5ts4 ,?is application ( gold leaf is t]m$ me*anical gild+1 & is us$ = gilt furniture1 picture frames1 or o!r decorations4 ,)9 ! la/ t5 ye>s ! gold has be5 appli$ to ! m ri*ly c>v$ furniture 9 a p[d]4 ,?is prep>ation ( gold is v exp5sive1 co/+ ab\t #g ! ounce1 & is only us$ = ! m co/ly *airs & c\*es1 etc41 g5]ally ( old ,fr5* make1 :i* require re-gild+4 ,,metal ,,gild+4--,! process ( gild+ metal :i* 0 practis$ by ! m\nt]s ( ! f9e old ,fr5* furniture describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 consi/$ 9 apply+ to ! ormolu an amalgam ( gold & m]cury2 ! latt] 0 evaporat$ by heat1 & ! gold rema9$ firmly adh]$ to ! metal m\nt1 & 0 aft]w>ds color$ z desir$1 a slightly gre5i% t+e be+ effect$ by su* ma/]s z ,caffi]i1 ,g\?ire1 & o!rs4 ,?is k9d ( gild+ requires a consid]able quantity ( ! preci\s metal to be us$1 & is !re=e v co/ly1 b is ri* 9 effect1 &1 "u fav\rable conditions1 p]man5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v injuri\s to ! work]s1 on acc\nt ( ! fumes ( ! m]cury poison+ ! sy/em2 & x has g5]ally be5 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ! mu* quick] & f> *eap] process ( electro-gild+1 by :i* an effect c be produc$ by an inf9itesimal coat+ ( gold4 ,! wat] gild+ process is /ill us$ to a mod]ate ext5t by ! mak]s ( ! m exp5sive reproductions ( old furniture 9 ,p>is4 ,!re is a v *eap & effective process ( lacqu]+ :i* sometimes is t]m$ gild+1 us$ to give ormolu m\nts ! color ( gold2 ?is is done by apply+ a solution ( %ellac & spirits ( w9e to ! metal :5 heat$1 &1 z ) wat]-gild+1 ! volatile _s evaporates & leaves a ?9 coat+ ( ! %ellac1 :i* may also be treat$ s z to h v mu* ! appe>ance ( gold1 to ! inexp]i5c$ eye4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t :]e m\nts are gilt1 x is usual to make ! mat]ial m l ! color ( gold ?an ord9>y brass w\ld be2 ?is is done by ! admixture ( a consid]able am\nt ( copp]1 ! amalgam be+ g5]ally t]m$ or-molu4 ,,poli%+4--,! old] me?od ( poli%+ woodwork consi/$ 9 ! application ( a mixture ( turp5t9e & beeswax to ! surface2 ?is w\ld be repeat$ aga9 & aga91 & !n well rubb$ d[n ) a h>d bru%1 :5 a v durable poli% 0 obta9$4 ,= flat surfaces1 & p>ticul>ly = ! tops ( d9+ tables :i* 7 =m]ly uncov]$ to %[ ! wood1 oil poli%+ 0 ! fa%ion2 ?is 0 effect$ by rubb+ ! table-top ) a heavy weight backw>ds & =w>ds1 us+ oil z a lubricant4 ,good h\sewives us$ to poli% up _! d9+ tables v frequ5tly4 ,oil poli%+ _h ! great advantage1 too1 ( produc+ a surface :i* hot plates did n easily m>k4 ,! co/1 "t1 & tr\ble1 h[ev]1 caus$ ^! old] processes to be ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ,fr5* poli%+1 :i* is ! application on a prep>$ surface ( %ellac dissolv$ 9 me?ylat$ spirits1 & (t5 o!r +r$i5ts to give poor-look+ wood a ri*] color4 ,?is poli% is quick]1 & !re=e1 *eap] ?an ! old-fa%ion$ me?od4 ,x has come into g5]al adoption s9ce ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea4 ,,! ,,pian(orte4 ,! ,pian(orte is su* an important article 9 ! furniture ( ! pres5t "t1 t a few notes ab\t its developm5t1 f a decorative po9t ( view1 may be acceptable4 ,9 ,musical ,in/rum5ts1 "o ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton h&books1 ,c>l ,engel traces ! ,pian(orte f ! ,clavicembalo1 :i* he tells u1 01 9 fact1 no?+ b a ,cembalo or ,dulcim]1 ) a key bo>d atta*$ to x4 ,our pres5t ,gr& ,piano 01 h[ev]1 m imm$iately a developm5t ( ! ,h>psi*ord#bi & ,sp9et1 :i* _h succe$$ ! ,virg9al ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,^! 7 made ( oblong %ape & support$ on /&s1 :i* 7 simply supports = ! in/rum5t1 & did n =m a "p ( x z d ! legs ( a mod]n gr&4 ,9 an orig9al play bill1 :i* is /ill pres]v$ at ,messrs4 ,broadwoods'1 !re is an ann\ncem5t t at ! ,!atre ,royal1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 on ! #af? ( ,may1 #agfg1 at ! end ( ,act ,i4 7( ! ,begg>s' ,op]a71 ,miss ,brickl] w s+ a fav\rite song f ',judi?1' accompani$ by ,mr4 ,dibd51 on a new ,in/rum5t1 call$ ,pian(orte4 ,!re is an illu/ration on p4 #agb ( a ,h>psi*ord :i* is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & 9 ! same collection are o!rs1 v>y+ 9 types z in/rum5ts1 & ( diff]5t decorations4 ,! "o :i* belong$ to ,h&el is a good specim5 ( ! decoration be/[$ on ^! in/rum5ts4 ,o!rs ( ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 7 cov]$ ) a coat+ ( lacqu]1 l "s ( ! furniture ref]r$ to 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 ! p>ts ( ! cases to be s decorat$ hav+ be5 s5t to ,*9a1 & return$ :5 coat$ ) ! prep>ation1 !n only kn[n to ! ,*9ese1 b aft]w>ds imitat$ 9 ,europe4 ,"s ( ^! lacqu]$ cases are v beautiful1 & ^? :i* 7 elaborately pa9t$ 9 ! ,v]nis ,m>t9 /yle1 are f9i%$ ) ! c>e ( cab9et pictures or m9iatures4 ,!y h1 z a rule1 ! f9e subject pa9t+1 or l&scape1 inside ! lid ( ! case1 z 9 ! illu/ration on p4 #agb1 :ile ! outside ( ! case is decorat$ ) arabesques ( gold on a d>k color$ gr\nd4 ,su* an ,in/rum5t 0 sold at ! sale ( ,"l ,lonsdale's furniture1 a few ye>s ago1 = "s ?ree hundr$ p\nds4 ,! rectangul> %ape appe>s to h be5 p>tially ab&on$ = ! ,w+ =m1 ( :i* ! mod]n ,gr& is a developm5t1 ab\t ! "t ( ,que5 ,anne1 & 01 9 "s cases1 adapt$ to ! ,h>psi*ord ( ! "t4 ,! e>li] pian(ortes 7 rectangul> 9 =m1 ) ! idea ( prev5t+ ! unequal appe>ance produc$ by ! b5t treble side ( ! ,gr&1 & ! writ] has 9 8 possession su* an in/rum5t1 )\t p$als1 :i* be>s ! inscription3--,by ,royal ,pat5t4 ,longman & ,brod]ip1 ,musical ,in/rum5t mak]s1 #ac1 ,haym>ket1 & #bf1 ,*eapside1 ,london4 ,coll>d & ,coll>d are ! successors ( ?is firm1 & /ill reta9 ! same premises 9 ,*eapside4 ,! olde/ ,broadwood piano1 at pres5t on exhibition 9 ,vi5na1 be>s ! "n ( ,s*udi & ,broadwood1 ) date #aghj4 ,x is squ>e & )\t p$als4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! la/ c5tury pianos 7 made to h>monize ) ! ,adam1 ,hepple:ite1 & ,%]aton furniture ( ! day1 & "s 7 elaborately inlaid ) small plaques ( ,w$gwood's ,jasp] w>e4 ,!re are also in/rum5ts 9 exi/5ce1 & designs1 :i* %ew t z ! /yle ( furniture *ang$ dur+ ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & subsequ5tly to ! ,classic ,greek1 ! ,piano foll[$ ! new fa%ion4 ,!re is 9 ,/4 ,james's ,palace ! in/rum5t made by ,broadwood = ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte1 :o di$ e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,?is is squ>e 9 =m1 & is v5e]$ ) a s+le %eet ( ivory1 ! elephant's tusk hav+ be5 fir/ s(t5$ by acid1 & !n cut circul> fa%ion4 ,9 ,france1 ! old] ,h>psi*ord & ! lat] ,pian(orte h foll[$ ! diff]5t /yles :i* h affect$ ! decorative furniture ( t c\ntry1 & ! same rem>k applies to ! m limit$ productions ( su* in/rum5ts 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( _h ta/e :i* prevail$ 9 ,engl& ?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 ^? :o made & ^? :o pur*as$ pianos 7 cont5t to h ei!r ! in/rum5t 9 ! mo/ ord9>y & commonplace case ( mahogany1 walnut1 or ! rosewood :i* ab\t #ahdj came into great fav\r1 or else ! cases 7 design$ 9 an extravagant fa%ion1 & cov]$ ) a sup]abundance ( ornam5t1 q out ( keep+ ) ! use ( a musical in/rum5t4 ,two illu/rations 9 ,*apt] ,,ix41 "o ( ,broadwood's ,gr&1 & ! o!r ( an upright 9 ,bottle's /yle ( "w1 by ,lei/l]1 ( ,vi5na1 may be tak5 z ! mo/ fav\rable examples ( p9a(orte decorations at ! "t ( ! #ahea ,exhibition4 ,latt]ly !re has be5 among/ lead+ manufactur]s1 especially ^? ( our own c\ntry1 a m>k$ improvem5t1 & ! cases are made ( r>e & c>efully *os5 woods1 & ! /yle adapt$1 9 _m in/ances to ! furniture ( ! room4 ,sir ,alma ,tadema design$ cases 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,mr4 ,burne-,jones pa9t$ "o ) an elaborate design ( figures & scrolls2 ano!r ) a %[] ( roses "r across ! s\nd+ bo>d1 & he also reviv$ ! old-fa%ion$ tre/le support1 =m]ly us$ = h>psi*ords4 ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 ,r4,a41 ,mr4 ,john ,birnie ,philip1 :o execut$ ! podium ( ! ,alb]t ,memorial1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,g4 ,jackson1 ,r4,a41 & o!rs1 h also design$ piano cases = fri5ds & cli5ts4 ,9 ! ,inv5tions ,exhibition1 a few ye>s s9ce1 !re 0 a v good opportunity ( notic+ ! advance 9 design ( ! ,pian(orte4 ,9 ne>ly e in/ance ! old fa%ion$ fretwork front _h be5 ab&on$ = a pa9t+ or a m>quetry panel4 ,"s 7 enamell$ :ite1 & reliev$ by gild+2 o!rs _h a k9d ( gesso-"w decoration1 & ! diff]5t fa%ionable /yles ( furniture 7 reproduc$ ) v>i\s modifications4 ,among/ o!rs1 ,kirkmans exhibit$ a gr& & an upright made f designs by ,col4 ,edis1 & ,hopk9son a b\doir gr& & "s small cottage pianos 9 sat9wood & m>quetry1 & also 9 sat9wood pa9t$ 9 ! old ,engli% /yle1 & hav+ silk panels 9 front ) copies ( ,b>tolozzi pr9ts4 ,! designs 7 9 ! latt] case made by ! au?or4 ,broadwoods1 & o!r ,engli% firms1 also produc$ special designs4 ,s9ce ?is ,exhibition1 if !re has n be5 improvem5t1 !re has be5 endless v>iety1 & ! piano case is n[ design$ & decorat$ to please ! ta/e ( ! mo/ fa/idi\s or ! mo/ ecc5tric4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bi3 ,! ,h>psi*ord made = ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 by ,burk>dt-,ts*udi1 ^: son-9-law 0 ! fir/ ,john ,broadwood1 0 9 ! /yle ( ,g]man ,r5aissance4 ,,index4 ,,note4--,! ,names ( sev]al ,design]s & ,mak]s1 omitt$ f ! ,index1 w be f\nd 9 ! li/ 9 ! ,app5dix1 ) ref]5ces4 ,,page ,academy 7,fr5*7 ( ! ,arts f\nd$1 #adf ,adam1 ,rob]t & ,james1 #agd1 #age1 #aie1 #bbg1 #bcf /heticism1 #bci1 #bdj ,ahasu]us1 ,palace (1 #b ,alcock1 ,sir ,ru!r=d1 ,collection (1 #aca ,am]ican ,sket*es1 #bdf ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 #dh1 #di1 #afi ,anglo-,saxon ,furniture1 #bd1 #bh ,arabesque ,ornam5t1 orig9 (1 #ach ,arabian ,woodwork1 #ada-adc ,ark1 ref]5ce to !1 #a ,armoires1 m5tion (1 #fa1 #fb1 #adg1 #bba ,art ,j\rnal1 !1 #ajd1 #aaa1 #bai1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bca ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 #bda1 #beh ,asp9wall1 ( ,grosv5or ,/reet1 #bab ,assyrian ,furniture1 #b1 #c ,aubusson ,tape/ry1 #aff1 #bfd ,audley ,end1 #gg1 #hg ,au/rian ,"w1 #bbg ,b>b]s' ,company1 ,hall ( !1 #if1 #ih1 #aha ,b>oque1 ! /yle1 #baf ,b>ry1 ,sir ,*>les1 ,r4,a41 #bag ,beauvais ,tape/ry1 #aea1 #aed1 #aee1 #aei1 #aff1 #bfd ,b$room ,furniture1 #bbf ,b$/ead ( ,jeanne d',albret1 #fj ,b$/ead 9 ! ,cluny ,museum1 #fa ,bell[s1 ,italian1 #eb ,b5jam91 ,mr41 ref]r$ to1 #acf1 #ach ,b]a91 ,*>les1 ,fr5* arti/1 #adf ,b]gre 7,*aise71 #aei ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum1 #ajh1 #acc1 #afh ,biblical ref]5ces1 #a1 #b ,bir*1 ,dr41 ref]5ce to1 #h ,birdwood1 ,sir ,george1 ref]r$ to1 #ace1 #bfc ,black1 ,mr4 ,adam1 ref]5ce to1 #aih ,bloomfield1 ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,t41 #bdb ,bo>ds & ,tre/les1 #ajd1 #aje ,boleyn1 ,anna1 ,*air to1 #gf ,bombay ,furniture1 #acc ,bonuaff1 ref]r$ to1 #dh1 #ee1 #ei1 #gj ,b\*]1 arti/1 #aed1 #afa ,b\doir1 #aej1 #aec ,boole1 ,&r ,*>les1 #adf1 #adi ,brackets1 ,wall1 #eb ,briti% ,museum1 ref]5ce to specim5s 9 !1 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 #bc1 #bf1 #bh ,brittany ,furniture1 #fb1 #fc ,broadwood1 ,messrs1 #bca1 #bff1 #bfg ,bronze ,m\nt+s1 #adf1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afb1 #afc1 #agi1 #bcb1 #bfe ,bruges1 ,*imney-piece at1 #fc ,bryan1 ,mi*ael1 ref]r$ to1 #dh ,buffet1 ,!1 #dc1 #dd1 #ej1 #fj ,buffet1 #aii ,buffet1 ,old ,engli%1 #dd ,buffet1 ,old ,fr5*1 #dc ,buffet1 ,old ,flemi%1 #dc ,bureau du ,roi1 #aei1 #afj ,burges1 ,mr4 ,w41 #bdf ,burleigh ,h\se1 #gg ,byzant9e-,go?ic1 ,disc>d$1 #dh ,byzant9e /yle1 #ah1 #db ,cab9et ,mak] & ,art ,furni%]1 #bdf ,caffi]i1 "w (1 #aeh1 #aei1 #agi1 #bfe ,cairo ,woodwork1 #aci ,canopi$ ,seats1 #cg1 #ch ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 #cb1 #ajb ,c>p5t]s' ,company1 #hd1 #hf1 #ie1 #if ,ca%m]e ,"w1 #ace ,caun]1 ,fr5* c>v]1 #agi ,cell>et1 ,!1 #bjj ,cell9i1 ,b1 #di ,*amb]s1 ,sir ,william1 ,r4,a41 #abe1 #agc1 #agf1 #agi ,*air ( ,dagob]t1 #ba ,*airs ( ,/4 ,pet]1 #ai1 #bj ,*airs1 ,canopi$1 #cg1 #ch ,*air1 ,! ,coronation1 #cj1 #ca ,*air ( ,*>les ,i41 #ajh1 #aji ,*air1 ,! ,gla/onbury1 #gh ,*air1 ,jacobean /yle1 #aji ,*air ( ,cromwell's ,family1 #aji1 #aaj ,*airs become common1 #ajd ,*airs1 ,g]man ,go?ic1 #db ,*aise ,b]gre1 #aei ,*>d91 ref]5ce to1 #afa ,*>lemagne1 ref]5ce to1 #ag1 #ba ,*>les ,i41 ref]5ce to1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aji ,*>les ,,ii41 ref]5ce to1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab ,*>lton1 ,little1 #hg ,*>t]h\se1 ,!1 #ha1 #hb ,*auc] quot$1 #aje ,*imney-pieces1 #hh ,*ipp5dale's ,"w1 #abe1 #afh1 #agc1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #bjj ,*ipp5dale's ,g5tleman & ,cab9etmak]'s ,director1 #agg-ahj ,*ri/ianity1 ,influ5ce (1 #ah ,*ri/ie1 ,manson ,wood1 ,messrs1 #adg1 #aea ref]5ce to old catalogues (1 #bbj1 #bba ,cic]o's ,tables1 #ac ,cipriani1 #agd1 #aib ,clapton1 ,dr1 ,edw>d1 ref]5ce to1 #ac ,cleyn ,francesco1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #abc ,club ,h\ses ( ,london1 #bba1 #bbb ,cluny ,museum1 ref]5ce to1 #fa ,colb]t1 ,f9ance ,m9i/]1 #adf ,coll>d's pr$ecessors1 #bfg ,coll9son ,lock1 #bbj ,collman1 ,l4 ,w41 ,"w (1 #bbj ,con/ant9ople1 ,capture (1 #ag ,cope1 ,sir ,walt]1 #ajc ,cope ,ca/le1 #ajc ,coronation ,*air1 ,!1 #cj-cb ,correggio1 #di ,c\*1 introduction (1 #ajg ,crace1 ,"w (1 #bab ,crane1 ,mr4 ,walt]1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdf ,cromwell ref]r$ to1 #aaj1 #aaa ,crusades1 ,influ5ce ( !1 #ag ,cutl]1 ,mr4 ,t41 #bdf ,cypselus ( ,cor9?1 ,*e/ (1 #aa ,dado1 !1 describ$1 #baf ,dagob]t ,*air1 #ba1 #bb ,dalburgia or ,blackwood1 #acc ,damascus1 ,room f a h\se 91 #aci-ada ,davilli]1 ,b>on1 #fi ,dick5s1 ,*>les1 ref]r$ to1 #bch ,d9+ ,room1 !1 v>i\s def9itions1 #bjj ,divan1 d]ivation (1 #adc ,d\?waite1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,r41 ref]r$ to1 #hc ,d[bigg9 7,gill['s appr5tice71 #aid1 #bab ,dryd5 quot$1 #aii ,dr]1 ,a41 ref]r$ to1 #gj ,d',urb9o ,bramante1 #dh ,du ,somm]>d ref]r$ to1 #bj ,dut* ,furniture1 #fa1 #fc-ff1 #agj1 #bjf ,eagle ,h\se1 ,wimbl$on1 #ajd ,ea/lake1 ,mr4 ,c41 ref]5ce to1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #bde ,edis1 ,col4 ,rob]t1 ref]r$ to1 #bde1 #bfg ,elg9 & ,k9c>d9e1 ,e>l (1 ,collection (1 #aca ,elizabe?an ,"w1 #fg1 #gg1 #ajb ,empire ,furniture1 #bjc-bae ,engli% ,"w1 #ga ,evelyn's ,di>y1 #aab ,exhibition1 ,! ,colonial1 #acc ,! ,great 7#ahea71 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bdb1 #bdf (1 #ahfb1 #bce ,retrospective ( ,lyons1 #fa ,inv5tions1 #bfg ,! ,/u>t1 #aji ,exhibitions1 ,local1 #bbc ,falk1 ,dr41 ref]5ce to1 #aa1 #gi1 #bjd ,faydh]be1 ,lucas1 #fe ,fitzcook1 ,h41 design]1 #bbe ,flaxman's ,"w1 #agf ,flemi% ,r5aissance1 #fc1 #ff ,flemi% ,"w1 #bbf ,flor5t9e ,mosaic ,"w1 #ej ,fold+ ,/ool1 #bi ,fonta9ebleau1 ,*ateau (1 #eh ,f\rd9ois1 ,"w (1 #bbg1 #bcf ,fragon>d1 ,fr5* arti/1 ref]5ce to1 #afa ,frames = pictures & mirrors1 #gi ,franks1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w41 #bd ,fretwork ,ornam5t1 #aha ,furniture & ,decoration1 #bdf ,gav>d's1 ,c41 ,"w on ,v]sailles1 #ade ,g]man ,"w1 #gj1 #ga ,gesso ,"w1 #ej ,ghib]ti1 ,l41 #di ,gibbon1 ,dr41 ,/ory (1 #aie ,gild+1 ,me?ods (1 #ej1 #bfe ,gill[1 ,ri*>d1 ext5d+ table pat5t$ by1 #aic ,"w (1 #bjh1 #baj ,gill['s ,records1 #aid ,gill['s ,"w1 #agd1 #bcg ,giraud1 ,m41 ,"w by1 #fa ,gla/onbury ,*air1 #gh ,gobel9s ,tape/ry1 #adf1 #aea1 #aed1 #aei1 #aff1 #bfd ,godw91 ,mr4 ,e4 ,w41 #bdf ,godw91 ,mr4 ,g41 ref]r$ to1 #gd1 #gf ,goodri* ,c\rt1 #gh ,gore ,h\se1 ,exhibition at1 #bba ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 #cj ,go?ic ,"w1 ,fr5*1 #dd1 #df ,g]man1 #db ,*ipp5dale's1 #ahj ,g\gh1 ,visc\nt1 collection (1 #aca ,g\?ire1 ,pi]re1 #aei1 #afd1 #afe ,gr&fa!r ,clocks1 #aba-b ,gray's ,inn1 ,hall1 #hc ,greek ,furniture1 #i1 #aj1 #aa ,greuze1 ref]5ce to1 #afa ,hall1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,c41 ref]r$ to1 #aaa ,hamilton ,palace ,collection1 #adf1 #adg1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 #gb1 #gc1 #gi1 #aab1 #aac1 #afh ,h>dwick ,hall1 #gg1 #hf1 #aha ,h>psi*ord1 !1 #agb1 #bca1 #bff1 #bfg ,h>rison quot$1 #gc ,hatfield ,h\se1 #gg1 #gh ,heaton1 ,j4 ,aldham1 ,mr41 ref]r$ to1 #bjb ,hebrew ,furniture1 #b ,h5ri ,,ii41 "t (1 #fa ,h5ri ,,iv41 /yle ( ,art 9 ,france1 #fa ,h5ry ,,viii41 #gb1 #gc1 #gi ,hepple:ite1 ,"w (1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #aia1 #bjj ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 ,discov]y (1 #afa ,h]b]t's ,antiquities1 #hd ,h]t=d ,h\se ,collection1 #bdg ,holbe91 #gb1 #gf1 #gi ,hook1 ,!odore1 #ajg1 #ajh ,holl& ,h\se1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #abc ,holl&1 ,"l1 #ajb1 #ajc ,holl& ,sons1 #aid1 #bab ,holmes1 ,w41 design]1 #bbe ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association1 #bdb ,hope1 ,?omas1 design by1 #baj ,hopk9son's ,pianos1 #bfg ,hotel de ,bohme1 #cf ,h[>d ,sons1 firm (1 f\nd$1 #bab ,il*e/]1 ,lady1 ref]r$ to1 #ajc ,ince1 ,w41 contempor>y ( ,*ipp5dale 7,ince & ,mayhew's ,"w71 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahg1 #ahh ,indian ,furniture1 #acb1 #acf ,indian ,museum1 ,!1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf ,indo-,portuguese ,furniture1 #aaa1 #aab ,int>sia ,"w1 or ,t>sia1 #ec1 #gj ,inv5tories1 ,old1 #gg ,ireton1 ,g5]al1 ,h\se (1 #aaa ,italian ,c>v$ ,furniture1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bdf ,italian ,r5aissance1 #dh-eg ,jackson1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,g41 ,a4,r4,a41 ref]r$ to1 #ec1 #ajd1 #bdb1 #bdf ,jackson ,graham1 #bbj ,jacobean ,furniture1 #ia1 #bdj ,jacquem>t1 ,m41 ref]5ce to1 #df ,japan1 ,! ,revolution 91 #acj ,japanese ,jo9]1 ,!1 #aca ,japann$ ,furniture1 #aib ,jeanne d',albret1 ,b$/ead (1 #fj ,jones1 ,inigo1 #ib1 #ic ,jones ,collection1 ,!1 #acc1 #adf1 #adg1 #adh1 #aea1 #aef1 #aeh1 #afb1 #afe1 #afg1 #agj1 #aga1 #agb ,kauffmann1 ,angelica1 #agd1 #aib ,k5s+ton1 ,s\?1 ,museum1 f\ndation (1 #bcg ref]5ce to specim5s 9 !1 #ba1 #bb1 #da1 #db1 #dd1 #ea1 #eb1 #ed1 #ef1 #eg1 #fa1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #ge1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 #ie1 #if1 #ih1 #aaj1 #abi1 #aca1 #acc1 #acf1 #acg1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adf1 #aeh1 #afa1 #afb1 #afe1 #afg1 #agj1 #aga1 #agb1 #agf1 #aii1 #bcf1 #bcg ,khorsabad1 ref]5ce to1 #c1 #d1 #e ,k+1 ,h4,m4 !1 ,art ,collection (1 #acf ,kirkman's ,exhibit1 #bfg ,knife ,cases1 #aii ,knole1 #gi1 #ih1 #ajb ,lacqu] ,"w1 ,*9ese & ,japanese1 #abi1 #acj1 #aca1 #aee1 #aef ,indian1 #ace1 #acf ,p]sian1 #ach ,lacroix1 ,paul1 ref]5ce to1 #ba1 #bb1 #cg1 #ch ,lancret1 arti/1 #aed1 #afa ,lay>d1 ,sir ,au/51 ref]5ce to1 #c ,lebrun1 arti/1 #adf1 #adg1 #adi ,leighton1 ,sir ,f41 ref]r$ to1 #bdj ,leo ,x41 ,pope1 #di ,le?aby1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,r41 #bdb ,lie*t5/e91 ,pr9cess ,m>ie1 #ajc ,l+]1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #dd ,lit*field ,radclyffe1 #bce ,liv]y ,cupbo>ds1 #gc1 #gh ,long=d ,ca/le ,collection1 #gj ,longman ,brod]ip1 #bfg ,longleat1 #gg1 #ig ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,furniture1 #fa ,l\is ,,xiv41 #adg1 #aea1 #afg1 #afh dea? (1 #afa ,l\is ,,xv41 #aeb1 #aei dea? (1 #aeb ,l\is ,,xvi41 #afj-afg ,l\vre1 ,!1 #eh ,lucas1 ,seym\r1 ,mr41 ,a4,r4,a41 ref]r$ to1 #dd ,lyon1 ,dr41 quot$1 #aba-b ,lytton1 ,"l1 quot$1 #bh ,macaulay1 ,"l1 quot$1 #ajc1 #aab1 #afg ,ma*9e-made ,furniture1 #bbb1 #bch ,madrid1 ,fr5* ,furniture 91 #afh ,magniac ,collection1 #eb ,mahogany1 introduction (1 #aie ,mansion ,h\se1 ! ,furniture (1 #bad ,manw>+1 ,rob]t1 ,"w (1 #ahc ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 #adf1 #aei1 #afj1 #afa1 #afc1 #afd1 #agb ,m>ie ,l\ise1 ,cab9et design$ =1 #bjd ,m>quet]ie1 #ed1 #fa1 #ff1 #aej1 #aee1 #bcg1 #bch ,maskell1 ,mr41 ref]5ce to1 #bj1 #ec1 #aje ,mayhew1 ,j41 contempor>y ( ,*ipp5dale1 #ahc1 #aij1 #aia ,m$icis ,family1 ,influ5ce ( !1 #eh ,meyrick1 ,s41 #gi ,middle ,temple ,hall1 #hc1 #hd ,miles & ,edw>ds1 #bab ,milton quot$1 #aii ,mirror ,frame1 ,elizabe?an1 #gh1 #gi ,mirror1 ,mosaic1 #ace ,mirrors1 introduction (1 #gi1 #aej ,mobili] ,national1 ,collection (1 #fj1 #fa1 #aei1 #afc ,mod]n fa%ion ( ,furni%+1 #bdd1 #bde1 #bdf ,mogul ,empire1 ,!1 #acb ,monbro1 #bcb ,morant's ,furniture1 #bab ,morris1 ,mr4 ,w41 #bdj1 #bdf ,m\nt+ ( ,furniture1 #ed ,muni*1 ,"w & ,exhibition (1 #bdh ,napoleon allud$ to1 #bjd1 #bjf ,nilson1 ,fr5* c>v]1 #agi ,norman civilisation1 influ5ce (1 #bh ,nor? ,holl&1 ,furniture (1 #ff ,notes & ,qu]ies1 #ajg ,n9eveh1 ,discov]ies 91 #c1 #d1 #e ,oak ,panell+ 7see ,panell+7 ,ori5tal ,cons]vatism1 #aci1 #adc ,ottoman1 d]ivation (1 #adb ,ox=d ,museum1 #aaa ,panell+ 7oak71 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 #hi1 #baf ,papi]-,ma* ,"w1 #bcb ,passe1 ,c4 de1 #fe ,paxton1 ,sir ,joseph1 #bcj ,p5%ur/ ,place1 #cb1 #cd1 #hg1 #ajf1 #aaa1 #aab ,p]k9s1 ,mr4 ,c41 translator ( ,kun/ im ,hause1 #bjd ,p]sian ,designs1 #acf-aci ,pian(orte1 !1 #bca1 #bff1 #bfg ,picau1 ,fr5* c>v]1 #agi ,pietra-dura introduc$1 #ed ,p9d>1 ,sir ,paul1 ,h\se (1 #aji ,pirdnesi1 #agd ,poll51 ,mr4 ,j4 ,hung]=d1 ref]5ce to1 #ab1 #ad1 #ah1 #cj1 #ca1 #ei1 #gf1 #hj1 #ie1 #acd1 #afa1 #aii1 #bdb1 #bdd1 #bdi ,pompad\r1 ,madame1 #aei ,portuguese ,"w1 #fi ,prie ,dieu ,*air1 !1 #ce1 #eh ,prignot1 ,designs (1 #bbj ,prior1 ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 ,essay on ,furniture1 #bdb1 #bdd ,pug91 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w41 "w (1 #bab1 #bag1 #bah ,que5 ,anne ,furniture1 #bci1 #bdj ,que5 ,victoria's ,collection1 #eg1 #fh1 #fi1 #acc ,rac9et's ,"w1 ,le ,co/ume ,hi/orique1 #acb ,radspiel] ( ,muni* 7manufactur]71 #bdg ,raffaelle1 ref]r$ to1 #dh1 #di1 #afi ,raleigh1 ,sir ,w41 #ib ,reg5cy1 ,p]iod ( !1 9 ,france1 #aeb1 #aec ,r5aissance1 #dd1 #dh1 #hf1 #hg1 #afi ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&1 #gb-hi ,france1 #eg-fb ,g]many1 #gj-ga ,italy1 #dh-eg ,! ,ne!rl&s1 #fc-ff ,spa91 #fg-gj ,re/oration1 !1 #aaa ,revolution1 ! ,fr5*1 #afh1 #bjc1 #bjd ,revival ( ,art 9 ,france1 #eh ,ric>do1 ,mr4 ,halsey1 #bda1 #bdb ,ri*1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #ajc ,ri*>dson's ,/udies1 #gj-gh ,ries5]1 ,c\rt ,eb5i/e1 #aei1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe1 #afg1 #bjc ,rob9son1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,t41 quot$1 #aje1 #ajh1 #aaa ,rococo ,/yle1 !1 #aie1 #baf1 #bbe1 #bbf ,rog]s1 ,h>ry1 ,"w (1 #bbc1 #bbd ,roman ,furniture1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af ,r[e1 ,miss1 & ,s*ool ( ,woodc>v+1 #bdb ,rusk91 ,mr41 quot$1 #ee1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bda ,russian ,woodwork1 #bc ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,*air1 #cb ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*airs1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur*1 #dh ,/4 ,savi\r's ,*apel1 #ga ,sallu/1 ,h\se (1 #ad ,salt+1 ,mr41 ,collection (1 #aca ,salzburg1 ,bi%op's ,palace at1 #afh ,s&r+ham ,h\se1 ref]r$ to1 #bdd ,s>ac5ic ,art1 #fi1 #aci-adc ,s>to1 ,&rea del1 #di ,sat9wood1 introduction (1 #agd ,saxe-,coburg1 late ,duke (1 ,art ,collection (1 #aca ,sc&9avian ,woodwork1 #bb1 #bc1 #afi1 #agj ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 !1 #if ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 ref]5ce to1 #bd1 #bf ,scre5s1 ,l\is ,,xv4 p]iod1 #aed ,scr[l$ ,*air1 #ajg1 #ajh ,secret ,draw]s1 etc41 9 ,furniture1 #aja ,s$an ,*air1 !1 #aed ,s$don1 ,?omas1 & 8 ,sons1 ,"w (1 #baj ,s]illy1 ,m>quise de1 ,b\doir (1 #afa ,svres ,porcela91 introduction (1 #aeh1 #afg ,%akespe>e's ,*air1 #hg1 #hh ,%akespe>e1 quot$1 #hg1 #ajc1 #aje1 #ajg ,%aw1 ,mr4 ,norman1 ,r4,a41 #bdf ,%aw's ,anci5t ,furniture1 #gh1 #aab ,%]aton1 ,?omas1 #aib1 #aie1 #aig1 #aih1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #baj ,%i%am ,wood1 #ace1 #acf ,sidebo>d1 ref]5ce to !1 #ahc1 #aib1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bbe ,sk9n]s' ,company1 ,!1 #bae ,smi?1 ,major-,g54 ,murdo*1 ref]5ce to1 #acf1 #ada ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,george1 explor]1 ref]5ce to1 #c1 #d ,smi?1 ,george1 manufactur]1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad ,snell1 ,"w (1 #baj ,soane ,museum1 ,!1 #agd ,society ( ,arts1 ,!1 #bag ,society ( ,uphol/]]s & ,cab9et ,mak]s1 #ahb1 #ahc ,s(a1 ,d]ivation (1 #adb ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,see ,k5s+ton4 ,spani% ,furniture1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi ,speke ,hall1 ,liv]pool1 #gh ,spitz] ,collection1 ,!1 #fa ,spoon ,cases1 #aii ,/ation]s' ,hall1 #ajf1 #aib ,/eam p[] appli$ to manufactures1 #bbb ,/eph5s1 ,mr41 ref]r$ to1 #bc ,/ockton ,h\se1 #hg ,/one1 ,mr4 ,m>cus1 #ajj ,/rap ,"w1 #ajd ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,sale1 #aeg1 #bai ,/reet1 ,mr41 ,r4,a41 #bdf ,/rudwick1 ,j41 design]1 #bbe ,sydney1 ,sir ,philip1 #hg ,tab]nacle1 ,!1 #a ,table ,dormant1 #aje ,draw+e1 #aje ,ext5d+1 #aic ,fold+1 #ajf ,fram$1 #aje ,kneehole1 #aie ,pi]1 #aib1 #aid ,side1 #aib ,jo9$1 #aje ,/&+1 #aje ,w9e1 #bja ,tables & ,tre/les1 #ajd1 #aje ,tadema1 ,sir ,alma1 design by1 #baj1 #bdj1 #bdf1 #bfg ,talb]t's ,designs1 #bcg1 #bdf ,tape/ry1 #aea1 #aed1 #aei ,t>sia ,"w1 or ,int>sia1 #ec1 #ed1 #gj ,tea ,caddies1 #bja ,tea-poys1 #bja ,?ack]ay1 quot$1 #ec1 #ha ,!ebaw1 ,k+1 ,b$/ead (1 #ace ,?y9e ,wood1 #ac ,times ,newspap]1 ,!1 quot$1 #agb ,titian1 #di ,toms ,luscombe1 #bcc ,t[n ,emanuel1 #bba1 #bcc ,trades ,unionism1 #bda ,traditions1 ,loss ( old1 #bdj1 #bda ,transition p]iod1 #dc1 #df ,trianon1 ,!1 #ade1 #adf ,trollopes f\nd$1 #baj ,tunbridge ,wells ,"w1 #bch ,ulm1 ,ca!dral (1 #da1 #db ,urn ,/&s1 ,!1 #ahg1 #bjj1 #bja ,v5e]s1 #bcg1 #bch ,v5ice1 ,importance (1 #bj ,v5ice1 ref]r$ to1 #ih1 #bbf ,v]brugg5s1 ,!1 #fe ,v]nis ,m>t91 #aef1 #aeg ,v]sailles1 ,palace (1 #ade1 #adf ,victorian 7e>ly7 ,furniture1 #baf ,v9ci1 ,l4 da1 #dh1 #afi ,viollet-le-,duc1 #eh ,vitr9e1 ,!1 #aea ,vriesse1 ,v4 de1 #fe ,wallace1 ,sir ,ri*>d1 ,collection (1 #bdg ,walpole1 ,horace1 #bai ,w>e1 ,great ,b$ (1 #hg ,wat]h\se1 ,mr41 ,r4,a41 #bdf ,watteau1 #adf1 #aed ,watts1 arti/1 ref]r$ to1 #ajc ,webb1 ,mr4 ,/eph51 #bdb1 #bdf ,webb1 manufactur]1 #bce ,w$gwood1 ,josiah1 #agf1 #bcf ,w]!im]1 ,s41 #bcc ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #gc1 #ig1 #ih ,wilk9son1 ( ,ludgate ,hill1 #bab ,williamson 7,mobili] ,national71 #fj1 #afc ,woods us$ = ,furniture1 #bfc ,wotton1 ,sir ,h5ry1 quot$1 #ia1 #ib ,wr51 ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 ref]r$ to1 #aab ,wright1 ,mr41 ,f4,s4,a41 ref]r$ to1 #bf ,wyatt1 ,sir ,digby1 ,pap] read by1 #bj ,york ,h\se1 describ$ 9 ,! ,art ,j\rnal1 #bai1 #bbj ,york ,m9/]1 ,*air 91 #cb 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,transcrib] notes3 ,p4 xi4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 is on p4 #bjc1 n p4 #bja1 *ang$4 ,p4 #ec4 ,footnote #e3 ',maggoire' *ang$ to ',maggiore' z not$ 9 o!r edition4 ,p4 #abb4 'wallnut' *ang$ to 'walnut4' ,p4 #bed4 ',gre5 ,musuem'1 *ang$ ',musuem4 to ',museum'4 ,p4 #bgb4 ',/a ion]s'1 *ang$ to ',/ation]s'4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------