,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park ,junior ,ranger ,program ,illustration3 ,national ,park ,service ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park #fdh ,route #cb ,stillwater1 ,new ,york #abagj #eah-ffd-ihba www4nps4gov_/sara sarainfonps4 gov ,directions3 ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park is located #dj miles north of ,albany1 the state capital1 and some #ae miles southeast of ,saratoga ,springs4 ,the principal exit 7#ab7 off the ,northway 7,i-#hg7 is clearly signed for the ,park4 --,from ,montreal and points north--get off the ,northway 7,i-#hg7 at ,exit #ad and follow brown and white signs for ,route #bi ,east to ,schuylerville where the ,schuyler ,house and ,saratoga ,monument are located4 ,eight miles south on ,route #d you will find the main entrance to the ,battlefield 7right side of road74 --,from ,albany and points south--get off the ,northway 7,i-#hg7 at ,exit #ab and follow the brown and white ,park signs to the ,battlefield4 --,from points east or west--use ,route #bi to ,schuylerville and follow directions from ,schuylerville as above4 ,illustration3 ,area map ,how ,to ,use ,this ,booklet ,to the ,parent_/,adult3 ,this ,junior ,ranger program is designed for students grade #c-f1 but may be used by other ages as well4 ,it is hoped that the activities here will help our younger visitors better enjoy1 understand and appreciate our park and its resources4 ,our ,junior ,ranger program was designed with our ,tour ,road in mind1 but it can be enjoyed without driving through the ,battlefield4 ,to the ,junior ,ranger3 ,when you receive this booklet1 choose and complete three 7grades #c-d7 or four 7grades #e-f7 activities in the booklet4 ,yes1 you can get help from someone in your group1 or one of our ,rangers1 and yes1 you could do more activities4 ,once you have completed your activities1 have an adult with your group check your work4 ,once you've done that1 ,,congratulations6 ,you've qualified as a ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park ,junior ,ranger4 ,you will have received a ,junior ,ranger badge with this booklet4 ,what8 ,no checking in with a ,park ,ranger afterward8 ,that's right4 ,you see1 our program works on the honor system4 ,that means we're trusting that you1 in receiving this booklet1 will do your best to meet the requirements for becoming a ,junior ,ranger4 ,the public is trusting us to take care of this park4 ,we're trusting you to help us by learning more about what's here4 ,have fun1 and good luck6 ,introduction ,the ,war for ,american ,independence1 or ,american ,revolution 7#agge-aghc71 was probably one of our country's most difficult conflicts4 ,great ,britain was a very powerful nation4 ,it had many advantages over its rebelling colonies4 ,this new ,american independence suffered many problems during all eight years of the war4 ,in #aggg1 however1 a ,british ,army invading from ,canada heading south into ,new ,york was defeated by ,american troops in ,stillwater and forced to surrender at ,saratoga--now ,schuylerville1 ,,ny4 ,this surrender was important both in strengthening the ,american ,spirit and in getting other countries to recognize and help the new ,american nation4 ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park commemorates the campaign and battles in which this ,american army was victorious over ,british forces4 ,we also preserve and protect the areas where these events happened4 ,this ,junior ,ranger ,book has puzzles and activities to help you understand all of this3 the historic grounds we protect and the people1 events and time of the ,saratoga ,campaign4 ,enjoy your ,visit6 ,,activity #a--,scavenger ,hunt ,illustration3 ,hand-held magnifying glass ,go on a scavenger hunt through the ,park4 ,look for the items listed below and draw a picture of each as you find it4 ,see how many you can find4 ,remember3 leave everything where you find it6 ,a ,,cannon ,,an ,,officer',s ,,sword ,,something ,,taller ,,than ,,you ,,river ,,or ,,stream ,,uniform ,,buttons ,,something ,,you',d ,,use ,,at ,,home ,a ,,cartridge ,,box ,a ,,trail ,,marker ,a ,,soldier',s ,,hat ,,an ,,animal ,,track ,,an ,,insect ,a ,,wooden ,,tool ,a ,,wild ,,animal ,,an #ahth ,,century ,,building ,,soldier',s ,,shoes ,,or ,,boots ,a ,,monument ,,activity #b--;,food ,supplies ,armies in the #agjj's were not always welcomed by people in the areas they marched through1 as these armies often took food and other items from civilians4 ,sometimes they paid for these supplies1 sometimes they did not4 ,sometimes1 they might only promise to pay4 ,here in ,america1 even if the soldiers paid for supplies1 it might be with ,continental money1 which wasn't often accepted by everyone4 ,when soldiers were officially ordered by their army to collect what was needed1 it was called requisitioning 8reh-kwi-zi-shen-ing0 ,when soldiers took items without permission1 it was called theft 7stealing74 ,civilians usually felt it was theft1 whether the soldiers had the army's permission or not4 ,soldiers' wives and even families sometimes followed the armies4 ,these 8camp followers0 were often forced to forage--look around for whatever supplies they could find--without permission1 as the armies did not give them everything they might need4 ,for them1 it was a matter of survival4 ,polly ,sloat is a soldier's wife who has helped herself to goods at ,farmer ,edgar's home4 ,farmer ,edgar has complained to an officer4 ,polly is crafty1 though1 and has hidden the items she took4 ,can you find them in the picture on the next page8 ,as a hint1 here is a list of the items she took4 ,you may want to cross off each item as you find it in the picture4 a pig breeches 7pants7 spoon candle sticks chicken stockings 7socks7 scissors watch small bucket ,illustration3 ,activity #b--;,food ,supplies1 continued ,,activity #c--;,fortifications ,obstacles ,armies in the #ahth ,century built fortifications to make it more difficult for their enemies to attack them4 ,at the ,saratoga ,battlefield1 the ,americans and ,british constructed fortifications to protect their camps4 ,obstacles would be placed outside the fortifications4 ,sometimes they would be made by boring 7drilling7 holes through logs and putting pointed poles through the holes4 ,these were called chevaux de fris 7pronounced 8shuh-vo-duh-free074 ,a quicker obstacle could be made by cutting down trees and sharpening a tangle of branches4 ,this was called abatis 7pronounced 8ah-bah-tee072 it was used a great deal at our battlefield4 ,when placed properly1 these obstacles could force an enemy to attack in directions where they could not sneak up on the defender--and where the defenders were waiting for them4 ,caleb1 a member of a local militia regiment1 has been outside the ,american fortifications on ,bemis ,heights1 cutting brush for firewood4 ,it's getting dark and he needs help finding his way back without encountering obstacles or guards who might shoot him by accident4 ,draw a line through the maze from where ,caleb is now 7lower left corner of the maze3 he's got the bundle of sticks on his shoulder7 to the safety of the redoubt 7pronounced 8re-dowt071 the zig-zag wooden wall4 ,illustration3 abatis ,illustration3 redoubt ,illustration3 chevaux de fris ,illustration3 ,activity #c--;,fortifications ,obstacles1 continued ,activity #d--8,report1 ,scout60 ,illustration3 ,scout ,scouts were very important throughout the ,war for ,american ,independence4 ,they provided valuable information about the enemy army and what it was doing4 ,knowing the enemy's position1 its strengths and its weaknesses1 helped commanders decide what the actions of their own troops should be4 ,at the time of the ,battles of ,freeman's ,farm and ,bemis ,heights1 ,general ,burgoyne's army had lost most of the troops who could be effective scouts4 ,most of the ,canadian and ,american ,indians with his army had returned home to ,canada and elsewhere1 and many ,americans loyal to ,england had been killed or captured at ,walloomscoic 7pronounced 8wall-oom-sick01 also known as the ,battle of ,bennington74 ,the ,american ,army1 with a battalion of rifle troops drawn from ,virginia and ,pennsylvania rifle regiments1 enjoyed a slight advantage4 ,also1 warriors from the ,oneida 8,own-eye-da0 and ,tuscarora 8,tusk-a-ror-a0 nations 7two of the six making up the ,iroquois 8,ear-o-coy0 ,confederacy7 assisted the ,american ,army4 ,now1 you have been selected as a scout for the ,american ,army4 ,you have crept near a ,british patrol4 ,study the picture on the next page for one minute1 then answer as many of the following questions as you can4 ,one man has a torn paper piece stuck in his hat4 ,what two letters are written on it8 ,the man next to him has something in his right hand4 ,what is it8 ,how many private 7regular7 soldiers are standing toward the left8 ,how many muskets are they holding8 ,illustration3 ,activity #d--8,report1 ,scout60 continued ,,activity #e--8,sign ,in0 ,here6 ,one of the ways visitors learn about important or interesting parts of a ,national ,park is by reading signs4 ,what a sign says1 where it is placed1 and what it looks like are important to consider4 ,based on what you've seen during your visit to ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park1 think up a sign to describe something here you think is important1 and create your sign below4 ,it will help you to remember your trip here6 ,don't forget to put the ,national ,park ,service 8arrowhead0 on the sign4 ,illustration3 ,blank signpost ,,activity #f--;,codebreaker ,every ,national ,park is special and unique4 ,each has natural resources 7like plants1 trees1 birds1 insects1 fish1 land7 and cultural resources 7such as very old homes1 factories1 battlefields1 forts1 roads1 or even ancient dwellings74 ,the ,national ,park ,service works to preserve these resources1 and to help visitors learn about and appreciate them4 ,to help us in our mission1 the ,national ,park ,service uses a system of abbreviations1 sort of like codes1 for park names4 ,the 8code name0 generally uses the first four letters of the park name4 ,for ,saratoga ,national ,historical ,park1 the abbreviation is ,,sara4 ,morristown ,national ,historical ,park1 in ,new ,jersey1 is ,,morr4 ,parks with more than one name generally use the first two letters of the first two words in the park name4 ,fort ,stanwix ,national ,monument1 in ,rome1 ,,ny1 becomes ,,fost4 ,there are exceptions3 ,carlsbad ,caverns ,national ,park in ,new ,mexico is ,,cave4 ,how many can you figure out8 ,for added fun1 see if you can find each of these on a map of the ,united ,states4 ,you can learn more about each park on the ,national ,park ,service web site1 www4nps4gov1 at home1 at school1 or in your local library6 7answers are at the bottom of the page7 #a7 ,minute ,man ,national ,historical ,park 7,lexington and ,concord1 ,,ma7 #b7 ,acadia ,national ,park 7,bar ,harbor1 ,,me7 #c7 ,castillo de ,san ,marcos ,national ,monument 7,st4 ,augustine1 ,,fl7 #d7 ,hot ,springs ,national ,park 7,hot ,springs1 ,,ar7 #e7 ,yellowstone ,national ,park 7,yellowstone ,national ,park1 ,,wy7 #a7 ,,mima #b7 ,,acad #c7 ,,cast #d7 ,,hosp #e7 ,,yell ,special thanks to the ,friends of ,saratoga ,battlefield1 whose enthusiasm and support made our ,junior ,ranger program possible6 design_/layout3 ,william ,valosin1 ,park ,ranger activities and artwork3 ,joe ,craig1 ,eric ,schnitzer1 ,william ,valosin1 ,park ,rangers updated ,july #bjjg ,transcriber's ,notes --,silently corrected a few typos4 --,retained publication information from the printed edition3 this e,book is public-domain in the country of publication4 --,in the text versions only1 text in italics is delimited by underscores4 --,in the ,,html version only1 data entry is supported1 but input is not preserved across browser refreshes4