,transcrib]'s ,notes ,text pr9t$ 9 italics has be5 transcrib$ betwe5 und]scores1 small capitals h be5 *ang$ to ,,all ,,capitals4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ,face ,title4 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,cul9>y ,*emi/ry1 ,,exhibit+ ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,cook]y1 ,,) ,,concise ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,prep>+ ,,good ,,& ,,:olesome ,,pickles1 ,,v9eg>1 ,,cons]ves1 ,,fruit ,,jellies1 ,,m>malades1 ,,& ,,v>i\s ,,o!r ,,alim5t>y ,,sub/ances ,,employ$ ,,9 ,dome/ic ,economy1 ,,) ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,*emical ,,con/itution ,,& ,,nutritive ,,qualities ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,food4 ,,) ,,copp] ,,plates4 ,illu/ration ,,by ,,fr$rick ,,accum1 ,op]ative ,*emi/1 ,lectur] on ,practical ,*emi/ry1 on ,m9]alogy1 & on ,*emi/ry appli$ to ! ,arts & ,manufactures2 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy2 ,fell[ ( ! ,l9nan ,society2 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 & ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,arts ,b]l91 c4 c4 ,london3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,r4 ,,ack]mann1 #aja1 ,,/r&2 #ahba4 ,,introduction4 ,! publications :i* ,i h pres5t$ to ! _w1 hav+ be5 almo/ exclusively conf9$ to subjects connect$ ) ! ,f9e ,arts1 ,i feel x 9 "s measure incumb5t on me to expla9 ! cause ( my hav+ und]tak5 to be ! publi%] ( ?is volume4 ,x has aris5 f a di/ress+ ev5t1 9 :i* its v +5i\s1 useful1 & elaborate ,au?or1 happ5$ to be involv$4 ,! "w 0 9 "s degree ( advancem5t1 :5 ! sudd5 & mo/ unexpect$ mis=tune to :i* ,i h allud$1 ?rew him at once into a /ate ( disc\ragem5t1 t gave a *eck to all 8 ex]tions4 ,i1 :o _h kn[n him long1 & _h e reason1 f a mo/ intimate acqua9tance1 to ?9k well ( him1 bo? 9 8 private z well z pr(essional "*1 co-op]at$ ) _m ( 8 fri5ds1 "s ( :om are 9 ! sup]ior ranks ( life1 to enc\rage him 9 ! r5ewal ( 8 =m] en]gy--b ,i c\ld succe$ no fur!r ?an 9 prevail+ ^u him to complete ?is little "w on ,cul9>y ,philosophy1 :i* promis$ to be highly useful 9 "s ( ! lead+ objects ( ,dome/ic ,economy4 ,:5 x 0 ready = publication1 ! prejudice :i* _h be5 excit$ aga9/ him1 r5d]$ 8 =m] publi%]s av]se f pres5t+ x to ! public4 ,i !re=e felt myself "u a k9d ( indisp5sable engagem5t--nor am ,i a%am$ ( x1 z ! "w 0 br\ght to a /ate ( publication by my int]f]5ce1 ?\gh out ( my usual l9e ( bus9ess1 to become its publi%]4 ,i accord+ly1 "u ^! circum/ances1 made x my own by pur*as+ ! copy-"r4 ,nor1 f its sci5tific novelty1 & promis$ utility1 h ,i ! lea/ hesitation 9 pres5t+ ,mr4 ,,accum',s ,"w to ! ,public4 ,r4 ,,ack]mann4 ,,preface4 ,,london1 ,,compton ,,/reet1 ,,soho4 ,! foll[+ pages are int5d$ to exhibit a popul> view ( ! philosophy ( cook]y1 to enable ! read] to und]/& ! *emical pr9ciples1 by means ( :i* alim5t>y sub/ances are r5d]$ palatable & nutriti\s4 ,! subject may appe> frivol\s2 b let x be rememb]$ t x is by ! application ( ! pr9ciples ( philosophy to ! ord9>y affairs ( life1 t sci5ce diffuses h] b5efits1 & p]fects h] claim to ! gratitude ( mank9d4 ,! art ( prep>+ good & :olesome food is1 und\bt$ly1 a bran* ( *emi/ry2 ! kit*5 is a *emical laboratory2 all ! processes employ$ = r5d]+ alim5t>y sub/ances fit = human su/5ance1 are *emical processes2 & mu* wa/e ( ! mat]ials1 z well z lab\r to ! p>ties1 might (t5 be sp>$1 7 ^? :o practise ?is art1 made acqua9t$ ) "s simple *emical tru?s :i* inv>iably w\ld lead to c]ta9 results4 ,i h1 9 ! fir/ place1 premis$1 z introductory to :at foll[s1 "s g5]al obs]vations on ! v>i\s k9ds ( alim5t>y sub/ances commonly us$ = food2 9 :i* ,i h notic$ _! *emical con/itution1 & comp>ative nutritive qualities4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>y /atem5ts1 ,i h proce$$ to expla9 ! summ>y processes ( ! cul9>y art1 z practis$ 9 ! ,engli% kit*51 to r5d] obvi\s ! *emical effects produc$ by ! op]ations ( roa/+1 boil+1 /ew+1 broil+1 fry+1 & o!r means employ$ = dress+ food4 ,i h giv5 concise1 b accurate directions = prep>+ good & :olesome pickles1 & o!r condim5ts employ$ 9 dome/ic economy4 ,i h po9t$ out ! rules to be att5d$ to 9 ! art ( cons]v+ rec5t fruits1 & o!r vegetable sub/ances1 9 ! /ate ( :at are call$ pres]ves1 m>malades1 fruit jams1 & jellies1 to enable ! read] to prep>e ^? k9ds ( comfitures ) economy & success4 ,i h giv5 concise directions = pres]v+ but*]'s meat1 fi%1 & f[l1 aft] be+ cook$1 to r5d] !m fit = sea /ore1 or dome/ic use1 at a future "t4 ,i h /at$ ! mo/ approv$ processes = cur+ bacon1 hams1 smok$ beef1 & salt$ fi%2 to :i* ,i h add$ in/ructions = ! *oice ( but*]'s meat1 & ! be/ me?ods ( con/ruct+ pantries1 l>d]s1 & meat safes4 ,i h po9t$ out ! loss ( weight :i* diff]5t k9ds ( meat suff]s 9 ! usual op]ations ( cook+4 ,i h describ$ ! mo/ approv$ me?ods = pres]v+ rec5tly ga!r$ fruits 9 _! natural /ate1 z ne>ly z possible1 ) directions = con/ruct+ fruit rooms1 & ! circum/ances to be att5d$ to 9 /or+ escul5t roots & o!r vegetables4 ,i h animadv]t$ on c]ta9 mat]ial errors1 sometimes committ$ ?r\gh ignorance or neglig5ce1 9 ! prep>ation ( food1 & v>i\s delicacies ( ! table2 & ,i h also giv5 h9ts t w be f\nd useful1 ) reg>d to ! practice ( mak+ tea & c(fee4 ,& la/ly1 ,i h made "s rem>ks on ! con/ruction ( kit*5 fire-places1 to :i* ,i h add$ designs1 exhibit+ ! mo/ approv$ cook+ app>atus1 calculat$ = ! use ( private families or public e/abli%m5ts4 ,9 resum+ ! :ole1 ,i h endeav\r$ 7& ,i hope ) "s degree ( success17 to communicate to ^? to :om ! sup]9t5dance ( a family is entru/$1 su* useful cul9>y in=mation z may lead to b5eficial consequ5ces4 ,,fr$rick ,,accum4 #ahba4 ,,cont5ts4 ,cook]y4 ,page ,preface iii ,cont5ts ix ,cook]y is a bran* ( *emical sci5ce #a ,obs]vations on ! ,food ( ,man #f ,nations liv+ :olly ^u ,vegetable ,food #i ,nations liv+ :olly ^u ,animal ,food #aj ,s+ul> k9d ( ,alim5ts ( v>i\s ,nations #ab ,diff]5ce betwe5 an ,epicure & a ,glutton #ag ,importance ( ! ,art ( ,cook]y #bj ,dietetical rem>ks on ! *oice & quantity ( ,food #ch ,extraord9>y great ,eat]s1 & obs]vations on ,ab/95ce #dc ,rem>ks on ! orig9 ( ! cu/om ( ,eat+ ,fle% #di ,comp>ative ,alim5t>y ,effects ( ,animal & ,vegetable ,food #ec ,obs]vations on ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,animal ,sub/ances commonly us$ = food #ei ,obs]vations on ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,vegetable ,sub/ances commonly us$ = food #gf ,g5]al ,op]ations ( ,cook]y #gi ,roa/+ on a spit #hj ,roa/+ on a /r+ #hf ,roa/+ 9 an op5 ov5 #hh ,roa/+ 9 a clos$ ov5 #hi ,broil+ #ic ,fry+ #ii ,/ew+ #ajf ,boil+ #aaa ,comp>ison ( ! ,*emical ,*anges produc$ on ,animal & ,vegetable ,food1 9 ! diff]5t processes ( cook]y #aag ,comp>ative ,dim9ution ( ! ,weight ( ,meat 9 ,cook+ #abh ,prim>y1 or *ief ,di%es ( ! ,engli% table #acb ,bro? #acc ,s\p #acg ,pies #ada ,pudd+s #ade ,made ,di%es #adf ,obs]vations on ,made ,di%es #adh ,gravy #aed ,sauces #aeg ,?ick5+ ,pa/e = bro?1 s\p1 gravy1 & made di%es #aff ,col\r+ = bro?1 s\p1 gravy1 & made di%es #afb ,/ock1 = mak+ extemporane\s bro?1 s\p1 or gravy #afc ,obs]vations on ! ,*oice ( ,meat #aff ,keep+ ( ,meat1 & be/ con/ruction ( ,l>d]s1 ,pantries & ,meat ,safes #agf ,pres]vation ( ,animal ,sub/ances 9 a rec5t /ate #ahb ,pickl+ & ,dry ,salt+ ( ,meat #ahc ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,bacon1 ,hams1 & ,hung ,beef #aic ,smoke-dry+1 or ,cur+ ( ,bacon1 ,hams1 & ,beef1 z practis$ 9 ,we/phalia #aie ,me?od ( ,cur+ ,hams1 ,beef1 & ,fi%1 by means ( ,pyro-ligne\s acid #aig ,pickl+ ( ,fi% #bjd ,pickl$ ,mack]el #bjg ,pickl$ ,salmon #bjh ,coll>$ ,eels #bji ,be/ me?od ( ,pres]v+ ,cook$ ,but*]'s ,meat1 ,fi%1 or ,p\ltry #baj ,pres]vation ( ,meat by ,pott+ #bah ,pott$ ,beef1 ,game1 or ,p\ltry #bai ,pott$ ,ham #bbj ,pott$ ,lob/] #bba ,pres]vation ( ,eggs #bbb ,pres]vative ,effect ( ,fro/1 on ,but*]'s ,meat1 ,fi%1 & ,f[l #bbc ,pickles4 ,pickl$ ,r$ ,cabbage #bcd ,pickl$ ,onions #bce ,pickl$ ,walnuts #bcf ,pickl$ ,cucumb]s #bcg ,pickl$ ,r$ ,beet-root #bci ,pickl$ ,mu%rooms #bci ,pickl$ ,arti*oke #bdj ,s\r ,kraut #bda ,mu%room ,catsup #bdd ,tomata ,catsup #bdf ,walnut ,catsup #bdg ,cons]v$ ,fruits ,cons]vation ( ,rec5t ,fruits )\t ,sug> #bdi ,cons]v$ ,gooseb]ries #bdi ,cons]v$ ,orlean ,plums #bdi ,cons]v$ ,gre5 ,gages #bdi ,cons]v$ ,damsons #bdi ,cons]v$ ,pea*es #bdi ,cons]v$ ,nect>9es #bdi ,cons]v$ ,bullaces #bdi ,cons]vation ( ,rec5t ,fruits1 by means ( ,sug>1 9 a liquid /ate #beb ,cons]v$ ,apricots1 by means ( ,sug> #beb ,cons]v$ ,plums #beb ,cons]v$ ,damsons #beb ,cons]v$ ,gre5 ,gages #beb ,cons]v$ ,pea*es #beb ,cons]v$ ,nect>9es #beb ,cons]v$ ,p9e ,apples #bed ,cons]v$ ,pe>s #bee ,cons]vation ( ,rec5t ,fruits1 by means ( ,sug>1 9 a solid =m #bef ,c&i$ ,orange1 or ,lemon ,peel #bef ,m>malades1 ,jams1 ,,& ,fruit ,pa/es4 ,black ,currant ,pa/e #bfj ,apricot ,pa/e #bfa ,pea* ,pa/e #bfa ,plum ,pa/e #bfa ,*]ry ,pa/e #bfa ,qu9ce ,pa/e #bfa ,raspb]ry ,pa/e #bfb ,orange & ,lemon ,pa/e #bfb ,raspb]ry ,jam #bfc ,/rawb]ry ,jam #bfc ,currant ,jam #bfc ,gooseb]ry ,jam #bfc ,mulb]ry ,jam #bfc ,apricot ,jam #bfd ,orange ,m>malade #bfe ,pea* ,m>malade #bff ,p9e ,apple ,m>malade #bfg ,apricot ,m>malade #bfg ,fruit ,jellies #bfh ,currant ,jelly #bfi ,raspb]ry ,jelly #bgj ,b>b]ry ,jelly #bgj ,gooseb]ry ,jelly #bga ,apple ,jelly #bga ,qu9ce & ,apricot ,jelly #bgb ,fruit ,syrups #bgb ,lemon ,syrup #bgd ,orange ,syrup #bgd ,mulb]ry ,syrup #bge ,raspb]ry & ,currant ,syrup #bge ,pres]vation & ,/or+ ( ,fruit1 & ,pr9cipal requisites ( a good ,fruit ,room #bgf ,pres]vation ( rec5t escul5t roots1 pot-h]bs1 & o!r cul9>y vegetables #bhj ,v9eg>4 ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,gooseb]ry ,v9eg> #bhi ,raspb]ry ,v9eg> #bia ,*illi ,v9eg> #bib ,t>ragon ,v9eg> #bib ,m9t ,v9eg> #bib ,es*allot ,v9eg> #bib ,burnet ,v9eg> #bib ,tea4 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,tea ,tree #bie ,obs]vations on ! art ( ,mak+ ,tea1 & s+ul> effects ( diff]5t k9ds ( ,tea ,pots on ! ,infusion ( ,tea #bii ,japanese ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,tea #cja ,c(fee4 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,c(fee ,tree #cje ,be/ ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,c(fee #cjh ,kit*5 ,fire-places1 ,,& ,cook+ ,ut5sils4 ,saucepans & ,/ew ,pans #cbi ,pres]v+ ,pans #ccj ,copp] ,cook+ ,ut5sils #cca ,wood5 ,tubs #ccf ,cook]y4 ,,cook]y ,,is ,a ,,bran* ,,( ,,*emical ,,sci5ce4 ,cook]y1 or ! art ( prep>+ good & :olesome food1 & ( pres]v+ all sorts ( alim5t>y sub/ances 9 a /ate fit = human su/5ance1 ( r5d]+ t agreeable to ! ta/e :i* is ess5tial to ! support ( life1 & ( pleas+ ! palate )\t injury to ! sy/em1 is1 /rictly speak+1 a bran* ( *emi/ry2 b1 important z x is bo? to our enjoym5ts & our heal?1 x is also "o ( ! lea/ cultivat$ bran*es ( t sci5ce4 ,! cul9>y processes ( roa/+1 boil+1 bak+1 /ew+1 fry+1 broil+1 ! art ( pres]v+ meats1 bacon1 & hams2 ! prep>ations ( sauces1 pickles1 & o!r condim5ts2 ! cons]v+ ( fruits2 ! c>e & keep+ ( vegetables2 ! mak+ ( jellies1 jams1 & m>malades1 are all f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( ?is sci5ce1 & mu* wa/e ( ! mat]ial1 z well z lab\r to ! p>ties might (t5 be sp>$1 7 ^? to :om ! p]=mance ( su* tasks is committ$1 made acqua9t$ ) simple *emical tru?s :i* w\ld inv>iably lead to c]ta9 results4 ,&1 besides1 ! same k w\ld enable !m to atta9 a mu* great] degree ( p]fection 9 cur+ & pres]v+ all k9ds ( animal & vegetable alim5ts1 & 9 comb9+ ! ?ree gr& requisites ( ta/e1 nutrim5t1 & salubrity1 9 :atev] mann] !y may be prep>$4 ,&1 ?\gh ?is art is at pres5t 9 rude h&s1 z all bran*es ( *emi/ry 7 orig9ally1 !re is no reason t x %\ld rema9 s4 ,a kit*5 is1 9 fact1 a *emical laboratory2 ! boil]s1 /ew-pans1 & cradle spit ( ! cook1 correspond to ! dige/ors1 ! evaporat+ bas9s1 & ! crucibles ( ! *emi/4 ,& num]\s z ! receipts ( cook]y are1 ! g5]al op]ations 7l ! g5]al process ( *emi/ry7 are b few4 ,9 "s ! object aim$ at is1 to extract ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! food1 s z to exhibit !m 9 a sep>ate /ate1 or to comb9e !m ) o!r sub/ances1 to produce new comp\nds :i* diff] widely f ^? f :i* !y orig9at$4 ,9 o!rs1 ! qualities ( ! sub/ances are simply alt]$ by ! action ( fire1 to r5d] !m m palatable & nutriti\s4 ,f ! multiplicity ( circum/ances to be att5d$ to 9 ?is art1 ! :ole ( :i* is f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( *emi/ry1 we may easily see t x mu/ be a v prec>i\s "o2 &1 !re is reason to believe1 t among ! v>iety ( circum/ances :i* produce diseases1 ! improp] modes ( cook+ food1 are (t5 ! prim>y cause4 ,w x be believ$1 t 9 ! cook]y books :i* =m ! prevail+ oracles ( ! kit*5s 9 ?is "p ( ! isl&1 !re are express injunctions to 8boil gre5s ) halfp5ce1 or v]digrise1 9 ord] to improve _! col\r60#a ,t our pudd+s are frequ5tly season$ ) laurel leaves1 & our sweatmeats almo/ uni=mly prep>$ 9 copp] vessels8#b ,:y are we ?us compell$ to swall[ a sup]]ogatory quantity ( poison :i* may s easily be avoid$8 ,& :y are we con/antly made to run ! risk ( our lives by p>ticipat+ 9 cu/>ds1 trifles1 & blancmanges1 season$ by a mo/ deadly poison extract$ f ! prunus l\roc]asus8#c ,v]ily1 :]e su* dete/able sy/ems ( cook]y are practis$1 we may exclaim ) ! sacr$ hi/orian1 t !re is 8,dea? 9 ! ,pot40 #a ,! ,ladies ,libr>y1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bjc2 & also ,mod]n ,cook]y1 #bnd ,edition1 p4 #id4 #b ,lit]>y ,*ronicle1 ,no4 xxii4 p4 #cdh1 #ahai4 #c ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 ,no4 cclviii4 vol4 #ed1 p4 #cag4 ,food badly cook$ is wa/$ to no purpose4 ,x seems to h be5 a compla9t famili> 9 ! m\? ( our ance/ors1 & :i* we h too (t5 se5 reason to re-e*o 9 ! pres5t day--8,t ,god s5ds good meat1 b ! devil s5ds cooks40 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,food ,,( ,,man4 ,no animal eats su* v>iety ( food z man2 he claims1 m ju/ly ?an any o!r creature1 ! title ( omnivor\s6 = s9ce he is di/+ui%$ beyond all animals1 b ! capability ( liv+ 9 ! mo/ di/ant p>ts ( ! globe1 "u e v>iety ( climate :i* ! e>? af=ds1 8 food c\ld n be conf9$ exclusively to ei!r ! vegetable or animal k+dom1 because he inhabits regions t af=d alim5ts widely diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,cattle cont5t !mselves ) gre5 vegetables2 rapaci\s animals live on ! fle% ( o!r creatures4 ,^? ( ! ,l9nan ord]1 glires1#d live on gra9 & fruits2 ea* ord] ( birds1 keeps1 9 ! same mann]1 to "o sort ( food1 animal or vegetable4 ,fi%es1 reptiles1 & insects1 also h ea* _! peculi> & exclusive bill ( f>e1 beyond :i* ev5 hung] w sc>cely =ce !m to w&]4 ,b h[ev] v>i\s ea* class1 & ord]1 & species ( animat$ nature may be 9 ! *oice ( food1 man--all-dev\r+ man1 w embrace ! :ole range ( ! creation1 8sc>ce a b]ry or a mu%room c escape him40 #d ,! h>e1 rabbit1 gu9ea-pig1 c4 ,) ! lion & ! wolf he w eat ( fre% sla9 animals2 ) ! dogs & ! vulture he w fe$ on putrid fle%2#e ) ! ox & ! gu9ea-pig he w dev\r raw vegetables1 "u ! "n ( salads2 ) ! squirrel & ! m\se he w fea/ on nuts & gra92 ) birds ( prey he fe$s on f[l ( almo/ e species2 ) fi%es he fe$s on fi%2 & ) insects & reptiles he sometimes lives on insects & reptiles4 ,nor is he satisfi$ ev5 ) ?is abundant v>iety1 b mu/ g to ! m9]al k+dom = salt1 z a condim5t be=e he c furni% out 8 meal4 #e ,e p]son kn[s 9 :at a putrid /ate game is (t5 eat54 ,,nations ,,liv+ ,,:olly ,,^u ,,vegetable ,,food4 ,! v>iety ( alim5t>y sub/ances us$ n only by individuals1 b among :ole nations1 are prodigi\sly div]sifi$1 & climate seems to h "s effect 9 produc+ ! div]sity ( ta/e1 ?\gh x mu/ 9 a great measure dep5d ^u ! natural productions ( p>ticul> c\ntries1 _! religion1 & _! comm]cial int]c\rse4 ,a vegetable diet seems suitable to ! hot c\ntries "u ! ,equator1 & we accord+ly f9d nations !re1 :o h completely adopt$ x1 & :o ab/a9 s mu* ! m f all animal food1 9 z mu* z x is an article ( _! religi\s fai?4 ,potatoes1 *esnuts1 & ! legum9\s & c]eal se$s1 satisfy ! want ( ! ,alp9e peasant1 & num]\s tribes solely fe$ on vegetables & wat]4 ,9 ! mo/ remote antiquity1 we read ( :ole nations 9 ,africa1 & ( ! ,indian prie/s1 :o liv$ entirely on vegetable sub/ances4 ,"s w&]+ ,moors subsi/ almo/ entirely on gum s5egal4 ,,nations ,,liv+ ,,:olly ,,on ,,animal ,,food4 ,! nations :i* live on animal food are v num]\s4 ,! ,e?iopeans1 ,scy?ians1 & ,arabians1 ate no?+ b fle%4 ,! mis]able inhabitants ( ,new ,holl& liv$ :olly on fi% :5 t c\ntry 0 fir/ discov]$1 & o!r tribes on ! ,arabian & ,p]sian gulph4 ,9 ! ,f>o isl&s1 9 ,icel& & ,gre5l&1 ! food arises f ! same s\rce4 ,! %eph]ds 9 ! prov9ce ( ,c>acas1 on ! ,oronoko1 live :olly on fle%4 ,! ,t>t>s 9 ,asia1 & "s savage nations 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 live on raw & half putrid fle%1 & "s b>b>\s tribes eat _! meat raw4 ,x appe>s to be ! effect ( climate & religion t makes ! ,h9doo adopt vegetable r ?an animal food2 x is ! effect ( natural production t makes ! ,gre5l&] reli% :ale-blubb] & tra9-oil4 ,x is to "o or o!r ( ^! causes t we mu/ ref] all su* div]sity ( national ta/es1 ?\gh x w\ld be difficult 9 _m cases to sep>ate ! influ5ce ( ea*4 ,we see ! ,engli%man enjoy+ 8 "u-done roa/ beef & 8 plum-pudd+2 ! ,scotsman 8 hodge-podge & 8 haggis2 ! ,fr5*man 8 rag\ts1 omlets1 & fric&eaus2 ! ,g]man 8 s\r-cr\t1 sausages1 & smoak$ hams1 ! ,italian 8 macc>oni2 & ! ,t>t> 8 horse-fle%4#f 8,de gu/ibus non e/ disput&um40--,!re is no disput+ ab\t ta/es4 ,!y are too _m1 & too v>i\s1 to be objects ( rational discussion4 #f ,an article ( food :i* has lately be5 s]i\sly recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,grey to ,europeans z a mo/ advantage\s measure ( political economy4 ,,s+ul> ,,k9d ,,( ,,alim5ts ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,nations4 ,besides ! be=e-m5tion$ div]sities ( national & individual ta/e = diff]5t k9ds ( sub/ances1 us$ z alim5ts1 !re are o!r k9ds ( food :i* we at lea/ ?9k m s+ul>4 ,"s ( ! tribes ( ,arabs1 ,moors1 ! ,cali=nians1 & ,e?iopians1 eat tad-poles1 locu/s1 & spid]s4 ,9 "s places ! fle% ( s]p5ts1 t ( ! colub] natrix = example1 is eat52 & ! vip] is made into bro?4 ,sev]al o!r reptiles are us$ z food by ! ,european settl]s 9 ,am]ica1 su* z ! rana bomb9a & rana taur9a1 two species ( toads4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! lac]ta sc9cus is consid]$ a great luxury1 & also an approdisiac4 ,ev5 ! rattle snake has be5 eat51 & ! head boil$ along ) ! re/ ( ! body ( ! animal4 ,! horse1 ass1 & camel1 are eat5 9 sev]al regions ( ! e>?1 & ! seal1 walruss1 & ,arctic be>1 h (t5 yield$ a supply to sailors4 ,on ! s+ul> ta/e ( epicures x is n necess>y to speak4 ,mc5as1 ! prime m9i/] ( ,augu/us1 & ref9$ patron ( ,horace1 _h "y asses s]v$ ^u 8 table :5 he treat$ 8 fri5ds2 &1 accord+ to ,pl9y1#g ! ,romans delight$ 9 ! flav\r ( "y & well fatt5$ puppies4 ,?is /range practice subsi/s /ill 9 ,*9a1 & among ! ,esquimaux4 ,plump1 & well roa/$ bats1 laid ^u a b$ ( olives1 are eat5 9 ! ,levant z a da9ty4 #g #b ,book #bi1 c4 #d4 ,! ,roman luxury1 g>um1 :i* bore s high a price1 consi/$ ( ! putrid entrails ( fi%es1 7fir/ ( ! g>um17 /ew$ 9 w9e1 & a simil> di% is /ill consid]$ z a great luxury1 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ea/4 ,"s mod]n epicures delight 9 ! trail ( ! woodcock1 & ev5 collect ) c>e ! cont5ts ( ! inte/9es :i* di/ill f x 9 ! process ( roa/+4 8,! ,iri%man loves usquebah1 ,! ,scot loves ale call$ blue cap1 ,! ,wel%man1 he loves toa/$ *eese1 ,& makes 8 m\? l a m\se trap40 ,,apicius1#h among o!r :imsical p]sonages ( anci5t ,rome1 pres5t$ to 8 gue/s rag\ts1 exclusively compos$ ( tongues ( peacocks & night+ales4 ,?is celebrat$ epicure1 :o in/itut$ a gorm&iz+ academy at ,rome1 hav+ he>d t %rimps & prawns ( a sup]ior flav\r 7 to be met ) on ! coa/s ( ,africa ?an on ! ,italian %ore1 freight$ a %ip1 & sail$ 9 se>* ( ^! f> fam$ m>9e insects4 ,?is p]son sp5t m ?an 4#fj1jjj m]ely to v>y ! ta/e ( cul9>y sauces4 #h ,?ree bro!rs ( t "n 7 celebrat$ at ,rome1 on acc\nt ( _! unp>allell$ love ( good eat+4 ,vitellus 0 treat$ by 8 bro!r ) a d9n]1 consi/+ ( #b1jjj di%es ( fi%1 & #g1jjj ( p\ltry--surely ?is is n do+ ?+s by halves4 ,a ,mr4 ,v]dit* de ,b\rbonne#i is said to h b\ght #c1jjj c>ps = ! m]e sake ( _! tongues1 :i* 7 br\ght1 well season$ & le>n$ly dress$1 to 8 table1 9 "o di%4 #i ,c\rs ,ga/ronomique4 ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,an ,,epicure ,,& ,a ,,glutton4 ,h[ev] extravagant & :imsical ! rational pleasures ( ! table may appe> to a sob] & s5sible m9d1 we mu/1 9 ju/ice to epicures1 cursorily obs]ve1 t !re exi/s a mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 a gorm& or epicure1 & a glutton4#aj ,! fir/ seeks = peculi> delicacy & di/9ct flav\r 9 ! v>i\s di%es pres5t$ to ! judgm5t & enjoym5t ( 8 disc]n+ palate2 :ile ! o!r lays aside ne>ly all t relates to ! rational pleasures ( creat+ or /imulat+ an appetite ( ! cates1 & looks m]ely to quantity2 ?is1 has 8 /oma* 9 view1 & tries h[ heavy x may be lad51 )\t endang]+ 8 heal?4 #aj ,tabella ,cib>ia1 a lat9 poem1 relat+ to ! pleasures ( ,ga/ronomy1 & ! my/]i\s art ( ,cook+1 page #ae4 8,! gorm& nev] loses sight ( ! exquisite organs ( ta/e1 s admirably dispos$ by ,provid5ce 9 ! crimson *amb]1 :]e sits ! discrim9at+ judge1 ! human tongue4 8,! glutton is ana!matis$ 9 ! ,scripture ) ^? brutes quorum deus v5t] e/4 ,! o!r appe>s guilty ( no o!r s9 ?an ( too great1 & too m9ute1 an att5tion to ref9em5t 9 comm]cial s5suality40 ,our neighb\rs on ! o!r side ( ! *annel1 s fam\s = indulg+ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,comus1 consid] ! epicure aga9 "u two di/9ct views1 namely3 z a gorm&1 or a g\rmet4 ,! epicure or gorm& is def9$--a man hav+ accid5tally be5 able to /udy ! diff]5t ta/es ( eatables1 does accord+ly select ! be/ food & ! mo/ pleas+ to 8 palate4 ,8 "* is t ( a praction]4 ,! g\rmet speculates m ?an he practises1 & em95tly prides himself 9 disc]n+ ! nice/ degrees1 & mo/ evanesc5t %ades ( goodness & p]fection 9 ! diff]5t subjects propos$ to him4 ,he may be designat$ a man1 :o1 by sipp+ a few drops out ( ! silv] cup ( ! v9tn]1 c in/antly tell f :at c\ntry ! w9e comes1 & its age4 ,! glutton practices )\t any reg>d to !ory4 ,! gorm&1 or epicure1 unites !ory ) practice4 ,! g\rmet is m]ely !oretical4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,cook]y4 ,z man diff]s f ! inf]ior animals 9 ! v>iety ( articles he fe$s ^u1 s he diff]s f !m no less 9 ! prep>ation ( ^! sub/ances4 ,"s animals1 besides man1 prep>e _! food 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,! racoon 7ursus lutor7 is said to wa% 8 roots be=e he eats !m2 & ! beav] /ores 8 gre5 b\ghs "u wat] t _! b>k & "y twigs may rema9 juicy & palatable4 ,! action ( fire1 h[ev]1 has nev] be5 appli$ to use by any animal except man2 n ev5 monkies1 ) all _! knacks ( imitation1 & all _! fondness = ! com=ts ( a fire1 h ev] be5 obs]v$ to put on a s+le billet ( wood to keep up ! fuel4 ,dome/icat$ animals1 inde$1 are br\ght to eat1 & ev5 to reli%1 food :i* has be5 cook$ by ! action ( heat4 ,! v>iety ( productions introduc$ by our diff]5t modes ( prep>+ & pres]v+ food is almo/ endless2 & x appe>s p>ticul>ly s :5 we comp>e ! usages1 9 ?is respect1 ( v>i\s c\ntries4 ,! savage ( ,new ,s\? ,wales is sc>cely m kn[+ 9 ! prep>ation ( food1 by means ( fire1 ?an 8 neighb\r1 ! kang>oo1 if ! anecdote told by ,turnbull be true1 t "o ( ^! savages plung$ 8 h& into boil+ wat] to take out a fi%4 ,"s writ]s h humor\sly designat$ man to be 8a cook+ animal10 & he really is s4 ,x is "o ( ! lead+ di/9ctions :i* ,provid5ce has se5 meet = wise purposes to e/abli%1 :5 x 0 said t he might eat ( ! fruit ( e tree1 & ! fle% ( e clean bea/4 ,:5 we contemplate ! alim5ts us$ by m5 9 a civiliz$ /ate ( exi/5ce1 we soon become conv9c$ t only a small "p ( our daily food c be eat5 9 its natural /ate4 ,_m ( ! sub/ances us$ z alim5ts1 are disagreeable1 & "s ev5 poison\s until !y h be5 cook$4 ,few ( !m are to be _h at all seasons1 al?\gh produc$ at o!rs 9 great] abundance ?an c be consum$4 ,! importance ( a prop] & compet5t k ( ! true & rational pr9ciples ( cook]y1 mu/ be obvi\s1 :5 x is consid]$ t !re is sc>cely an individual1 "y or old1 9 any civiliz$ c\ntry1 :o has n "s "t or o!r suff]$ sev]ely f errors committ$ 9 ! practice ( ?is art4 8,a skilful & well direct$ cook]y ab\nds 9 *emical prep>ations highly salut>y4 ,!re exi/s a salubrity ( alim5ts suit$ to e age4 ,infancy1 y\?1 maturity1 & old age1 ea* has its peculi> adapt$ food1 & t n m]ely applicable to ! p[]s 9 full vig\r1 b to /oma*s feeble by nature1 & to ^? debilitat$ by excess40#aa #aa ,ude's ,cook]y1 p4 #be4--;,ibid1 #bc4 ,)\t abett+ ! unnatural & injuri\s appetites ( ! epicure1 or ! blameable indulg5ces ( ! glutton1 we %all n p]haps be f> out 9 our reckon+1 if we ass]t1 t almo/ e p]son is an epicure 9 8 own way4 ,!re are amateurs 9 boil+ potatoes1 z p>ticul> 9 ! details1 z o!rs 9 dress+ beaf-/akes to ! utmo/ nicety ( a s+le turn4 ,"l ,bla9ey1 /ill m nice1 in=ms u1 t hams are n fit to be eat5 unless boil$ 9 ,*ampaign4 ,helluos are n conf9$ to salmon's bellies1 b are to be f\nd among ! rude/ peasants :o love porridge or frum5ty-- ,a salmon's belly1 ,helluo1 0 ?y fate2 ,! doctor call'd1 decl>es all help too late2 8,m]cy60 cries ,helluo1 8m]cy1 on my s\l6 ,is !re no hope8--,alas6 !n br+ ! j[l40 ,pope's ,moral ,essays4 ,precision 9 mix+ +r$i5ts is z (t5 & z closely laid d[n = ! co>se/ di% ( ! peasant z = ! mo/ gu>d$ receipe ( ! ,lady ,b\ntiful ( ! village4 ,! pleasures ( ! table h always be5 highly appreciat$ & s$ul\sly cultivat$ among civiliz$ p ( e age & nation2 &1 9 spite ( ! ,/oic1 x mu/ be admitt$1 t !y are ! fir/ :i* we enjoy1 ! la/ we ab&on1 & ^? ( :i* we mo/ frequ5tly p>take4 8,cook]y is ! s\l ( e pleasure1 at all times & to all ages4 ,h[ _m m>riages h be5 ! consequ5ce ( a meet+ at d9n]2 h[ mu* good =tune has be5 ! result ( a good supp]1 at :at mom5t ( our exi/5ce are we happi] ?an at table8 !re hatr$ & animosity are lull$ to sleep1 & pleasure alone reigns40 ,py?agoras1 9 8 gold5 v]ses1 gives complete pro(1 t he 0 p>ticul>ly nice 9 ! *oice ( food1 & c>efully po9ts out :at w occasion indige/ion & flatul5cy4 ,he is precise 9 comm&+ 8 disciples to 8ab/a9 f beans40 ,apicius1 decl>es t he nev] knew a philosoph] :o refus$ to p>take ( a fea/4 ,9 lat] times1 ,dr4 ,johnson is well kn[n to h be5 exce$+ly fond ( good d9n]s1 consid]+ !m z ! highe/ enjoym5t ( human life4 ,! s5tim5ts ( our great morali/ are a good answ] to ^? :o ?9k ! pleasures ( ! table incompatible ) intellectual pursuits or m5tal sup]iority4 8,"s p10 says ! ,doctor1 8h a fooli% way ( n m9d+1 or pret5d+ n to m9d1 :at !y eat2 = my "p1 ,i m9d my belly v /udi\sly1 & v c>efully1 & ,i look ^u x t he :o does n m9d 8 belly w h>dly m9d any ?+ else40 ,boswell1 8 biograph]1 says ( him1 8,i nev] knew a man :o reli%$ good eat+ m ?an he did3 & :5 at table1 he 0 :olly absorb$ 9 ! bus9ess ( ! mom5t40 ,x 0 "o ( ! objects :i* displeas$ him s mu* 9 8 ,nor!rn t\r1 t ! ,scots 7 r ignorant ( ! m ref9$ arts ( cook]y4 ,a lady 9 ! ,isle ( ,mull1 anxi\s to gratify him = once 9 a d9n]1 _h an excell5t plum-pudd+ prep>$1 at "s exp5se1 & ) ! utmo/ c>e2 b1 to h] great mortification1 ! doctor w\ld n ta/e x1 because1 he said1 8x is totally impossible to make a plum-pudd+ at all fit to eat 9 ! ,isle ( ,mull40 ,ano!r in/ance ( ?is philosoph]'s illib]al prejudice aga9/ ,scot* cook]y1 may also be m5tion$4 ,a lady1 at ^: table ! ,doctor 0 d9+1 enquir$ h[ he lik$ _! national di%1 ! hot* pot*1 ( :i* he 0 !n p>tak+4 8,good en\gh = hogs10 said ! surly philosoph]4 8,%all ,i help y to a little m ( x80 retort$ ! lady4 ,to ,dr4 ,johnson we c add ! names ( two di/+ui%$ physicians1 ,d>w91 & ,b$does1 bo? ( :om 7 mo/ outrage\s 9 _! publi%$ works aga9/ ! pleasures ( good liv+2 !y foll[$ h[ev] a v diff]5t practice1 f :at !y prescrib$ to o!rs1 z none 7 m fond ( good d9n]s ?an ^! gu>dians ( heal?4 ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 we %\ld h ?\ght1 w\ld h _h some?+ else to m9d ?an cook+ & good eat+4 ,b no p]son 0 m anxi\s ?an he1 ev5 9 ! :irl ( ! imm5se public bus9ess :i* he _h to transact1 to h ! mo/ skilful cooks2 = all ,europe 0 ransack$1 & no exp5se sp>$1 to procure cul9>y op]ators1 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! multif>i\s op]ations ( ! spit1 ! /ew-pan1 & ! roll+-p94 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 has be5 mo/ happy 9 ! illu/ration ( our anci5t mann]s ) respect to good eat+1 9 ! "* ( ,a!l/an1 9 ! ,romance ( ,ivanhoe4 ,c\nt ,rum=d has n consid]$ ! pleasure ( eat+1 & ! means t may be employ$ = increas+ x1 z unwor?y ! att5tion ( a philosoph]1 = he says1 8! enjoym5ts :i* fall to ! bulk ( mank9d1 are n s num]\s z to r5d] an attempt to increase !m sup]flu\s4 ,& ev5 9 reg>d to ^? :o h x 9 _! p[] to gratify _! appetites to ! utmo/ ext5t ( _! wi%es1 x is surely r5d]+ !m a v important s]vice to %ew !m h[ !y may increase _! pleasures )\t de/roy+ _! heal?40 ,9 ! old5 "t1 e man ( consequ5ce _h 8 magi/] coquorum1 or ma/] cook1 )\t :om he w\ld n ?9k ( mak+ a day's j\rney2 & x 0 (t5 no easy matt] to procure ma/] cooks ( tal5t4 ,by a passage ( ,cic]o#ab we are l$ to und]/&1 t among o!r mis]ies ( life1 :i* con/antly att5d$ ?is consul> p]sonage & eloqu5t orator1 he lab\r$ "u ! disappo9tm5t ( n hav+ an excell5t cook ( 8 own2 =1 he says1 8coquus meus1 prt] jus f]v5s1 nihil pote/ imit>i40 ,except hot bro?1 my cook c d no?+ clev]ly4 #ab ,fam4 ix4 #bj4 ,! sal>y ( ! ,roman cooks 0 ne>ly #ajjj4ac ,m>k ,antony1 he>+ ,cleopatra1 :om he _h invit$ to a spl5did supp]1 7& :o 0 z great a gorm& z %e 0 h&some17 l\dly praise ! elegance & delicacy ( ! di%es1 s5t = ! cook1 & pres5t$ him ) ! unexpect$ gift ( a corporate t[n4--,municipium4 #ac ,tabella ,cib>ia1 ps4 #ai & #bj4 ,ev5 9 our own times great skill 9 cook]y is s highly prais$ by _m1 t a v skilful cook c (t5 comm&1 9 ?is metropolis1 a high] sal>y ?an a le>n$ & pi\s curate4 ,8 ,maje/y's fir/ & second cooks are esquires1 by _! (fice1 f a p]iod to :i*1 9 ! lawy]'s phrase1 ! memory ( man is n to ! contr>y4 ,we are told by ,dr4 ,pegge1 t :5 ,c>d9al ,otto1 ! ,pope's ,legate1 0 at ,ox=d1 9 ! ye> #abdh1 8 bro!r (ficiat$ z magi/] coqu91 an (fice :i* has always be5 held z a situation ( high tru/ & confid5ce4 ,we might def5d ! art ( cook]y on ano!r pr9ciple1 namely--on ! axiom recogniz$ 9 ! ,mal?usian ,political ,economy1 t he :o causes two blades ( grass to gr[ :]e only "o grew be=e1 is a b5efactor to 8 c\ntry & to human nature4 ,:e!r or n ,mal?us is q "r 9 ?is1 we are n compet5t to decide2 we leave t to ,say1 ,godw91 ,ric>do1 &#ad ,drummond4 ,b c]ta9ly x mu/ 9 _m cases be ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce1 = families 9 p>ticul>1 :5 emb>rass$ 9 circum/ances1 to make food g twice z f> z )\t ! art & aid ( rational cook]y x c\ld d4 ,we w\ld p>ticul>ly press ?is rem>k1 z x is f\nd$ on num]\s facts1 & places ! art ( cook]y 9 a m int]e/+ po9t ( view ?an any ( ! o!r circum/ances :i* we h be5 consid]+4 #ad ,pr9ciples ( ,curr5cy1 & ,elem5ts ( ,political ,economy--#ahbj4 ,cook]y has (t5 drawn d[n on itself ! animadv]sions ( bo? morali/s1 physicians1 & wits1 :o h made x a subject = _! vitup]ations & _! ridicule4 ,s e>ly z ! "t ( ! patri>* ,isaac1 ! sacr$ hi/orian ca/s blame ^u ,esau = be+ epicurean en\gh to transf] 8 bir?-"r = a mess ( pottage4 ,jacob is blam$ = mak+ sav\ry meat ) a kid = 8 fa!r1 ) a view to rob ,esau ( ! pat]nal bless+4 ,diog5es1 ! ,cynic1 meet+ a "y man :o 0 go+ to a fea/1 took him up 9 ! /reet & c>ri$ him home to 8 fri5ds1 z "o :o 0 runn+ into evid5t dang] _h he n prev5t$ him4 ,! :ole tribe1 inde$1 ( ! ,/oics & ,cynics1 laugh$ at cook]y1 pret5d+1 9 _! vanity & pride1 to be above ! desire ( eat+ niceties4 ,lucian1 ) 8 inexhau/ible satire1 mo/ effectually & hum\r\sly expos$ ^! _! pret5ces4 ,9 our own times1 we h _h writ]s ( em95ce :o h attack$ ! use ( a v>iety ( food z a dreadful evil4 8,%\ld we n ?9k a man mad10 says ,addison1 8:o at "o meal w dev\r f[l1 fle%1 & fi%2 swall[ oil1 & v9eg>1 salt1 w9es1 & spices2 ?r[ d[n sallads ( tw5ty diff]5t h]bs1 sauces ( an hundr$ +r$i5ts1 confections1 & fruits ( numb]less sweets & flav\rs8 ,:at unnatural effects mu/ su* a m$ley produce 9 ! body8 ,= my "p1 :5 ,i behold a table set out 9 all its magnific5ce1 ,i fancy1 t ,i see g\ts & dropsies1 fev]s & le?>gies1 & o!r innum]able di/emp]s1 ly+ 9 ambuscade among ! di%es40 ,all ?is1 & ! l is1 no d\bt1 v plausible1 & v f9e1 &1 l _m o!r f9e spee*es ( mod]n re=m]s1 x is m f9e ?an j4 ,x is inde$ z good a !ory z may be1 t cook]y is ! s\rce ( mo/1 or all1 ( our di/emp]s2 b )al x is a m]e !ory1 & only true 9 a v limit$ degree4 ,! tru? is1 t x is n cook]y :i* is to blame1 if we surfeit ourselves ) its good di%es2 b our own s5sual & insatiable appetite1 & gluttony1 :i* prompt u to seek _! gratification at ! exp5se ev5 ( our heal?4 ,savages1 ^: cook]y is 9 ! rude/ /ate1 are m apt to ov]-eat !mselves ?an ! v]ie/ glutton ( a luxuri\s & ref9$ p2 a fact1 :i* ( itself1 is suffici5t to prove1 t x is n cook]y :i* is ! cause ( gluttony & surfeit+4 ,! savage1 inde$1 suff]s less f 8 gluttony ?an ! s$5t>y & ref9$ gorm&2 =1 aft] sleep+1 sometimes = a :ole day1 aft] gorg+ himself ) food1 hung] aga9 drives him =? to ! *ace1 9 :i* he soon gets rid ( ! ill-effects ( 8 ov]load$ /oma*4 ,surely cook]y is n to blame = ! effects ( gluttony1 indol5ce1 & s$5t>y occupations2 yet x does appe>1 t all its ill effects are errone\sly *>g$ to ! acc\nt ( ! ref9$ art ( cook+4 ,! def5ce ( cook]y1 h[ev]1 :i* we ?us br+ =w>d to repel misrepres5tation1 applies only to ! art ( prep>+ good1 nutriti\s1 & :olesome food4 ,we _c say "o ^w 9 def5ce ( ! wret*$ & injuri\s me?ods b too (t5 practis$1 "u ! "n ( cook]y1 & ! highly crim9al practices ( adult]at+ food ) sub/ances delet]i\s to heal?4 ,on ?is subject we h spok5 else:]e4#ae #ae ,a treatise on adult]ations ( food1 & cul9>y poisons1 exhibit+ ! fraudul5t sophi/ications ( bread1 be]1 w9e1 spiritu\s liquors1 tea1 c(fee1 cream1 confection>y1 v9eg>1 mu/>d1 pepp]1 *eese1 olive oil1 pickles1 & o!r articles employ$ 9 dome/ic economy1 & me?ods ( detect+ !m4--,?ird edition1 #ahba4 8,a good d9n]#af is "o ( ! greate/ enjoym5ts ( human life2 b ! practice ( cook]y is att5d$ ) n only s _m disgu/+ & disagreeable circum/ances1 & ev5 dang]s1 t we ought to h "s reg>d = ^? :o enc\nt] !m = our pleasure40 #af ,! ,cook's ,oracle4--,preface1 p4 xxxv4 ,,dietetical ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,& ,,quantity ,,( ,,food4 ,almo/ e p]son :o c af=d x1 eats m ?an is requisite = promot+ ! gr[?1 & r5ew+ ! /r5g? & wa/e ( 8 body4 ,x w\ld be ridicul\s to speak conc]n+ ! precise quantity ( food necess>y to support ! body ( diff]5t individuals4 ,su* rules d n exi/ 9 nature4 ,! p>ticul> /ate or condition ( ! individual1 ! v>iety ( con/itution1 & o!r circum/ances1 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,if1 aft] d9n]1 we feel ourselves z *e]ful z be=e1 we may be assur$ t we h made a dietetical meal4 ,mu* has be5 said ( temp]ance4 ,! fact is1 t !re is an absolute det]m9$ /&>d ( temp]ance1 ! po9t ( :i* mu/ be fix$ by e man's natural & unprovok$ appetite1 :ile he cont9ues 9 a /ate ( heal?4 ,z long z a p]son :o pursues a "r habit ( life1 eats & dr9ks no m ?an 8 /oma* calls = & w be>1 )\t occasion+ uneas9ess ( any k9d to himself1 he may be said to live temp]ate4 ,! /oma* revolts aga9/ ! rev]se ( x2 inde$1 ! /oma* is ! gr& organ ( ! human sy/em1 x is ! consci5ce ( ! body1 & l t1 w become uneasy if all is n "r )92 x speaks pretty pla9ly to ^? :o lead an intemp]ate life4 8,we may comp>e10 says ,doctor ,kit*5]1 8! human frame to a wat*1 ( :i* ! he>t is ! ma9 spr+1 ! /oma* ! regulator1 & :at we put into x1 ! key1 by :i* ! ma*9e is set a-go+2 accord+ to ! quantity1 quality1 & prop] dige/ion ( :at we eat & dr9k w be ! action ( ! sy/em3 & :5 a due proportion is pres]v$ betwe5 ! quantum ( ex]cise & t ( excitem5t1 all goes well4 ,if ! ma*9e be disord]$1 ! same exp$i5ts are employ$ = its re-adju/m5t1 z are us$ by ! wat*-mak]2 x mu/ be c>efully clean$ & !n judici\sly oil$4 ,to affirm t su* a ?+ is :olesome1 or un:olesome1 )\t consid]+ ! subject 9 all ! circum/ances to :i* x be>s relation1 & ! unacc\ntable idiosyncrasies ( p>ticul> con/itutions is1 ) submission1 talk+ nons5se4 ,e man mu/ consult 8 /oma*2 :atev] agrees ) t p]fectly well1 is :olesome = him1 :il/ x cont9ues to d s :5ev] natural appetite calls = food40 ,celsus spoke v "r :5 he said t a heal?y man ought n to tie himself up by /rict rules1 nor to ab/a9 f any sort ( food2 t he ought sometimes to fa/1 & sometimes to fea/4 ,:5 appli$ to eat+1 no?+ is m true ?an ! prov]b-- 8,bon>um r]um consuetudo pessima e/4--,,syrus4 8,! too con/ant use1 ev5 ( good ?+s1 is hurtful40 ,x is c]ta9ly bett] to re/ra9 ourselves1 s z to use1 b n to abuse1 our enjoym5ts2 & to ?is we may add ! op9ion ( doctor ,fo!rgil1 :i* ! exp]i5ce ( e individual confirms1 namely1 t 8! food we fancy mo/1 sits easie/ on ! /oma*40 ,:at has be5 s f> /at$ on ! *oice & quantity ( food to be tak5 at a "t1 ( c\rse1 relates only to p]sons 9 a /ate ( heal?2 ! diet ( ! delicate1 ! sickly1 & ! infirm1 mu/ be regulat$ by ! physician1 & ev5 ! ag$ require p>ticul> k9ds ( food4 8,exp]i5ce#ag has fully conv9c$ me1 7says an em95t ,physiologi/71 t ! latt] /ages ( human life1 are (t5 abridg$ by unsuitable diet40 #ag ,c>lisle on ! disord]s ( ,old ,age1 ps4 #b & #bg4 ,?is book exhibits an excell5t view ( ! mo/ suitable diet = ag$1 weak1 & sickly p4 8,! mo/ num]\s tribe ( disord]s incid5t to advanc$ life1 spr+ f ! failure or errors ( ! /oma*1 & its dep5dancies1 & p]haps ! fir/ s\rces ( all ! infirmities ( inability1 may be trac$ to effects aris+ f imp]fectly dige/$ food40 ,,extraord9>y ,,great ,,eat]s1 ,,& ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,ab/95ce4 ,9 "s p]sons1 an extraord9>y great appetite seems to be con/itutional4 ,*>les ,dom]y1 ag$ #ba ye>s1 :5 a prison] ( w>1 at ,liv]pool1 consum$ 9 "o day #dlbs4 ( ,raw ,c['s ,udd]4 #ajlbs4 ,raw ,beef4 #blbs4 ,tall[ ,c&les4 ------ ,total #aflbs4 & five bottles ( port]2 & al?\gh all[$ ! daily rations ( t5 m51 he 0 n satisfi$4 ,ano!r extraord9>y in/ance has be5 record$ by ,b>on ,p]cy3--,a soldi] ( ! "n ( ,t>>e1 :o1 at ! age ( #ag1 c\ld dev\r 9 ! c\rse ( #bd h\rs1 a leg ( beef weigh+ #bdlbs4 & ?\ght no?+ ( swall[+ ! d9n] dress$ = fifte5 ,g]man peasants4 ,b ^? m5 7 rem>kable n only = ! quantity ( food !y consum$1 b also = its quality1 giv+ a pref]5ce to raw meat1 & ev5 liv+ fle% & blood4 ,dom]y1 9 "o ye>1 eat #agd cats1 dead & alive2 & ,t>>e 0 /rongly suspect$ ( hav+ eat5 an infant4 ,man c su/a9 ! privation ( food = sev]al days1 m or few] 9 numb]1 accord+ to circum/ances--! old bett] ?an ! "y1 & ! fat bett] ?an ! lean4 ,! absolute want ( dr9k c be suff]$ only a %ort "t1 !y h be5 /rik+ly describ$ by ,mungo ,p>k & ,ali ,bey1 z exp]i5c$ 9 _! own p]sons4 ,! n>ratives ( %ip-wreck$ m>9]s also prove1 ) h[ v little food life may be support$ = a consid]able l5g? ( "t2 & ! hi/ory ( ^? impo/ors :o pret5d to live altoge!r )\t food or dr9k1 display ?is adaptation ( ! wants ( ! body to its means ( supply 9 a /ill m /rik+ mann]2 =1 ev5 aft] ! deception1 9 su* cases z t ( ,ann ,moore1 is expos$1 x w be f\nd t ! quantity ( alim5t actually tak5 0 incr$ibly small4 ,capta9 ,wood>d has add$ to 8 int]e/+ n>rative _m in/ances ( ! p[] ( ! human body to resi/ ! effects ( sev]e ab/95ce4 ,he himself & 8 five companions r[$ _! boat = sev5 days )\t any su/5ance b a bottle ( br&y1 & !n w&]$ ab\t ! %ores ( ,celebes six m1 )\t any o!r food ?an a little wat] & a few b]ries4 ,rob]t ,scotney liv$ sev5ty-five days alone 9 a boat ) ?ree p\nds & a half ( meat1 ?ree p\nds ( fl\r1 two hog%eads ( wat]1 "s :ale oil1 & a small quantity ( salt4 ,he also us$ an amaz+ quantity ( tobacco4 ,six soldi]s des]t$ f ,/4 ,hel5a 9 a boat1 on ! #aj? ( ,june #agii1 ) tw5ty-five p\nds ( bread & ab\t ?irte5 gallons ( wat]4 ,on ! #ah?1 !y r$uc$ _! all[ance to "o ounce ( bread & two m\?fuls ( wat]1 on :i* !y subsi/$ till ! #bf?1 :5 _! /ore 0 exp5d$4 ,capta9 ,+lefield1 ) elev5 o!rs1 aft] five days ( scanty diet1 7 oblig$ to re/rict x to a biscuit divid$ into twelve morsels = breakfa/1 & ! same = d9n]1 ) an ounce or two ( wat] daily4 ,9 t5 days1 a v /\t man di$1 unable to swall[1 & deliri\s4 ,lieut5ant ,bligh & 8 crew liv$ =ty-two days ^u five day's provisions4 ,9 ! t5? volume ( ,hufl&'s ,j\rnal1 is relat$ a v rem>kable1 & well-au!nticat$ case ( volunt>y />vation4 ,a recruit1 to avoid s]v+1 _h cut (f ! =e-f+] ( 8 "r h&4 ,:5 9 hospital = ! cure ( ! w\nd1 dread+ ! puni%m5t :i* await$ him1 he resolv$ to />ve himself2 & on ! #bnd ( ,augu/ began ob/9ately to refuse all food or dr9k1 & p]si/$ 9 ?is resolution to ! #bd? ( ,augu/4 ,dur+ ^! tw5ty-two days he _h absolutely tak5 nei!r food1 dr9k1 nor m$ic9e1 & _h no evacuation f 8 b[els4 ,he _h n[ become v mu* emaciat$1 8 belly some:at di/5d$1 he _h a viol5t pa9 9 8 lo9s1 8 ?ir/ 0 excessive1 & 8 febrile heat burn+4 ,8 behavi\r _h also become timid4 ,hav+ be5 promis$ 8 dis*>ge1 unpuni%$1 he 0 prevail$ ^u to take "s su/5ance1 b c\ld n1 at fir/1 be> ev5 weak s\p & luke-w>m dr9ks4 ,"u prop] treatm5t1 he cont9u$ to m5d = eight days1 & 8 /r5g? 0 return+1 :51 on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 he aga9 refus$ food & got a wild look4 ,he took a little b>ley-wat] e f\r or five days to ! #h?2 f t day to ! #aa?1 he took a little biscuit ) w9e2 b aga9 f ! #aa? ,septemb] to ! #i? ,octob]1 a p]iod ( tw5ty-eight days1 he nei!r took food1 dr9k1 nor _h any natural evacuation4 ,f ! #i? to ! #aa? he aga9 took a little n\ri%m5t1 & began to recruit2 b1 on ! #aa?1 he f9ally r5ew$ 8 resolution to />ve himself1 & p]sev]$ until 8 dea?1 :i* took place on ! #ba/ ,novemb]1 aft] a total ab/95ce ( #db days4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,cu/om ,,( ,,eat+ ,,fle%4 ,we are told1 t 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! _w1 m5 liv$ ^u acorns1 b]ries1 & su* fruits z ! e>? spontane\sly produc$1 & t 9 ! ,%eph]d /ate ( society1 milk1 obta9$ f flocks & h]ds1 came into use4 ,soon aft]w>ds ! fle% ( wild animals 0 add$ to ! food1 & ! juice ( grape to ! dr9k ( ! human species4 ,hogs 7 ! fir/ animals1 ( ! dome/ic k9d1 t 7 eat5 by m51 = !y held x ungrateful to eat ! animals t assi/$ !m 9 _! lab\r4 8,we are happy to f9d1 7says ! au?or ( an elegant poem#ah7 t x 0 n on acc\nt ( ! solidity1 :olesom5ess1 delicacy1 & o!r excell5t qualities ( 8 fle%1 t ! ox 0 wor%ipp$ on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 & 9 ! gorge\s temples ( ,memphis2 =1 al?\gh pr(ess$ly fri5ds to ga/ronomy1 mod]at$ by a decid$ av]sion to any ?+ l s5suality1 we are ( op9ion t man is less fit to fe$ ^u c>nal ?an vegetable sub/ance40 #ah ,tabella ,cib>ia1 p4 #cc4 8,! noble horse1 fi]ce & unsubdu$1 0 /ill roam+ ) all ! r\ghness & intractability ( orig9al fre$om1 9 8 native groves1 :o already dome/icat$1 ! hone/ /e] _h will+ly l5t ! /r5g? ( 8 p[]ful %\ld]s to ! labori\s /rife ( ! pl\gh4 ,?is _h n only rais$ alt>s to him "u ! "n ( ,,apis1 b ev5 plac$ him among ! fir/ con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac above ! wat*ful eyes ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,9 ! reign ( ,eri*tonius1 f\r? k+ ( ,a!ns1 ,diomus 0 (f]+ to ,jupit] ! fir/ fruits ( ! e>?4 ,:il/ ! prie/s 7 busi$ ap>t 9 prep>+ "s necess>ies to ! solemnity1 an ox1 pass+ by1 br[s$ ( all t _h be5 ga!r$ on ! alt> = ! sacrifice4 ,diomus1 9 8 disappo9tm5t & passion1 slew him on ! spot4 ,! ,gods1 in/ead ( c\nt5anc+ 8 religi\s zeal1 s5t =? imm$iately all ! horrors ( a pe/il5ce ^u ! ,a!nians1 :i* did n cease until !y _h in/itut$ a fe/ival call$ 8,! ,dea? ( ! ,ox40#ai #ai ,nonius de re ,cib>ia4 8,porphyrius traces ! cu/om ( eat+ meat to ,pygmalion1 k+ ( ,tyre1 9 ,phnicia4 ,al?\gh ! ,jews 7 all[$ to eat ! fle% ( ! immolat$ bea/s1 9 ! gold5 age1 man _h n f\nd c\rage & appetite en\gh to eat ! fle% ( an innoc5t animal2 b soon aft]1 ?is cruelty ext5d$ to ne>ly all quadrup$s1 except ^? :o 7 c>nivor\s4 ,tradition /ates1 t ,prome!us 0 ! fir/ :o kill$ a bullock1 ,c]es a pig1 & ,bac*us a goat1 = ! uses ( _! tables4 ,x is obvi\s t pigs1 by turn+ up ! new-s[n fields = ! sake ( ! gra91 & goats br[z+ ! t5d] spr\ts ( ! v9e-tree1 7 respectively inimical to ,c]es & ,bac*us4 ,z = ! kill+ ( ! fir/ bullock by ,prome!us1 we leave to o!r comm5tators to expla940 ,,comp>ative ,,alim5t>y ,,effects ,,( ,,animal ,,& ,,vegetable ,,food4 ,animal food alone is ill adapt$ to =m ! :ole ( our alim5t4 ,! inquiries ( physiologi/s h det]m9$1 t animal food is highly /imulant1 & l all o!r /imulants1 aft] ! excitem5t has be5 br\ght to its acm1 debility mu/ by necessity succe$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n s mu* ! case :]e fre% meat is us$ z :5 ! meat is salt$2 b ?is may be1 because our examples1 ) reg>d to fre% meat1 are less m>k$ ?an 9 ! case ( salt$ provision4 ,= few in/ances occur 9 :i* fre% meat =ms ! :ole food1 exclusive altoge!r ( fruits or o!r vegetable alim5t4 ,salt$ meat (t5 con/itutes a great proportion ( ! food 9 long sea voyages1 9 ! long dre>y w9t]s 9 ,lapl&1 & among/ ! inhabitants ( besieg$ t[ns4 ,:5 ?is practice is cont9u$ = any l5g? ( "t1 oppression & lang\r beg9 to be felt1 indige/ion is br\ght on1 & hurri$ brea?+ & a quick pulse on tak+ ! slighte/ ex]cise1 ! gums become s(t & spongy1 ! brea? becomes ftid1 & ! limbs swoln4 ,su* are ! dreadful effects produc$ by salt$ provisions1 :5 a prop] proportion ( vegetable food is n us$ along ) !m4 ,! fact is1 t nations1 ^: food is entirely vegetable1 are less active & en]getic ?an ^? ^: diet is m nutritive4 ,! inhabitants ( ,irel&1 9 ! mo/ humble walks ( life1 = example1 :o live almo/ exclusively on potatoes1 are said to be m indol5t & sluggi%1 :5 comp>$ ) _! neighb\rs 9 ,engl&1 :o w\ld ?9k su* diet to be no bett] ?an a prison all[ance ( bread & wat]4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 :]e rice =ms ! great article ( food ) "s tribes1 ! p are f> f be+ robu/ or able to und]go mu* fatigue 9 lab\r or 9 w>4 ,! /rik+ fact1 t ! ,engli% soldi]s & sailors surpass all ^? ( o!r nations 9 brav]y & h>dihood1 is suffici5t1 we ?9k1 to demon/rate ! effect ( a consid]able proportion ( animal food4--,=1 ?\gh x be said1 t a great numb] ( our soldi]s are ,iri%m51 yet our argum5t holds good1 s9ce1 all ^! :5 9 ! army1 or navy1 live exactly 9 ! same mann] z ! ,engli% !mselves4 ,! *ange ( diet1 inde$1 is 9 ^! brave m5 v obvi\s2 = ! ,iri% & ,scots soldi]s are (t5 m h>dy ?an ! ,engli%2 n z x is suppos$ because !y h be5 innur$ to great] h>d%ips 9 _! y\?1 b because _! diet be+ m g5]\s ?an x 0 at t p]iod1 its effects become m obvi\s ?an 9 ^? :o h always _h animal food4 ,:5 we exam9e ! /ructure ( ! dige/ive organs ( ! inf]ior animals :i* live :olly on vegetable food1 we f9d t !y are v diff]5tly con/itut$ f man1 & mu* m s f ! animals ( prey4 ,if ! organs = dige/ion ( ! rum9ant animals are m complicat$1 x %\ld seem to foll[1 t vegetable alim5t is m difficult to dige/2 o!rwise1 nature1 :o nev] works 9 va91 w\ld n h provid$ = !m su* a s]ies ( /oma*s4 ,h5ce we inf]1 t s9ce man has n ?is app>atus peculi> to rum9ant animals1 x mu/ be pla9 t nature did n int5d him to live exclusively on vegetables4 ,if we consid] ! human tee?1 we %all be l$ to ! same conclusion1 = !y are n ei!r l ! tee? ( rum9ant animals or ^? ( bea/s ( prey1 b int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,we h incisor tee? l animals ( ! ord] glires3 su* z ! h>e1 ! rabbit1 & ! gu9ea-pig2 can9 tee? l ^? ( ! ord] f]3 su* z ! dog1 ! tig]1 & ! lion2 & gr9d]s1 l h]bivor\s quadrup$s3 su* z ! horse1 ! %eep1 & ! c[4 ,food1 !n1 compos$ ( animal & vegetable sub/ances1 seems to be ! be/ adapt$ = our organs ( ma/ication & dige/ion1 ?\gh x w\ld n be easy to say precisely :at proportions ( ^! are mo/ agreeable to ! int5tions ( nature4 ,we may safely conclude1 h[ev]1 t ! vegetable food ought to exce$ ! animal 9 quantity4 ,! direction giv5 by ,dr4 ,fo!rgill is ! mo/ judici\s we h met )4 8,i h only0 says he 8"o %ort caution to give4 ,^? :o ?9k x necess>y to pay any att5tion to _! heal? at table1 %\ld take c>e t ! quantity ( bread1 ( meat1 ( pudd+1 & ( gre5s1 %\ld n compose ea* ( !m a meal1 z if "s 7 only ?r[n 9 to make weight2 b !y %\ld c>efully obs]ve1 t ! sum ( all toge!r d n exce$ due b\nds1 or encroa* ^u ! fir/ feel+ ( satiety40 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,animal ,,sub/ances ,,commonly ,,us$ ,,= ,,food4 ,( ! diff]5t classes ( animals us$ = food1 quadrup$s compose ! greate/ proportion1 & !re is no "p ( _! bodies :i* does n conta9 nutritive p>ts1 & t has n be5 us$ z food 9 "s way or o!r4 ,ev5 bones af=ds an alim5t>y jelly fit = human food4 ,! l>ge/ portion ( our alim5t1 h[ev]1 is d]iv$ f ! volunt>y muscles ( animals1 or :at is m /rictly call$1 ! fle%1 consi/+ ( all ! r$ fibr\s sub/ance :i* cov]s ! bones4 ,x %\ld seem t ?is is bo? ! mo/ n\ri%+ & ! mo/ easily dige/$ ( animal sub/ances4 ,! r$ col\r arises f ! blood ( m9ute vessels :i* run 9 e direction among ! fibres2 b :e!r ?is is ! cause ( ! r$ muscle be+ m nutriti\s is n well asc]ta9$4 ,!nce ! fle% ( quadrup$s is m l>gely consum$ ?an ( any o!r class ( animals2 &1 inde$1 ^? 9 common use 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe possesses all ! alim5t>y prop]ties 9 ! highe/ p]fection4 ,all animal fle% seems m or less /imulat+2 &1 9 g5]al1 ! m s ! d>k] its col\r is--b x does n absolutely foll[ t x is also m nutriti\s4 ,!re is a consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! qualities ( muscul> fle%1 accord+ to ! size ( ! animal1 & also accord+ to its activity4 ,! small m\nta9 %eep1 = example1 :i* has to enc\nt] fatigue to procure its food1 has fle% ( a diff]5t quality & flav\r f ! l>ge & lazy creature1 :i* fe$s luxuri\sly & fatt5s rapidly1 9 ! ri* pa/ures ( ! pla9 c\ntry4 ,! beef ( ! we/]n isl&s also1 is m e/eem$1 on acc\nt ( ! same circum/ance1 ?an t ( ! fat & brawny ox5 :i* we see 9 ! ,london m>ket4 ,x is = ?is reason1 we h no d\bt1 t ! fle% ( ! horse1 ! rh9oc]us1 & elephant1 is n us$ z food except 9 cases :5 o!r food is n to be procur$4 ,9 ! circum/ance ( activity alt]+ ! qualities ( fle%1 we may be all[$ to in/ance ! sup]iority ( v5ison to beef1 9 flav\r & t5d]ness1 & eas9ess ( dige/ion4 ,! age ( animals is ano!r circum/ance :i* has great influ5ce on ! qualities ( _! fle%4 ,! fle% ( "y animals is compos$ ( less rigid fibres1 & has few] vessels :i* c>ry r$ blood runn+ ?r\gh x1 & besides1 x has less ( ! peculi> flav\r ( its p>ticul> species ?an ! fle% ( old] animals4 ,gelat9e is m abundant 9 ! "y1 & fibr9 9 ! old2 h5ce ! =m] is m bl& & t5d]4 ,veal & lamb1 = example1 are m t5d] & gelat9\s ?an beef or mutton2 suck+ pigs1 *ick5s1 & duckl+s1 are also mu* m delicate ?an ! gr[n animals4 ,! beef ( an old c[1 h[ev] well f$1 is q t\gh & unpalatable1 :ile t ( a v "y heif] is mu* reli%$4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 v "y animals be s mu* m t5d]1 yet !y are insipid & flabby4 ,9 ! case ( pork1 age is n requir$1 z 9 o!r sorts ( but*] meat1 to mell[ ! fibre4 ,x is an alim5t conta9+ mu* n\ri%m5t2 b to "s palates its flav\r is disagreeable1 ?\gh by mo/ p x is reli%$4 ,x 0 mu* us$ by ! anci5t a?let1 z half raw beef /eaks are n[ by our m5 ( ! fancy4 ,suck+ pigs are kill$ :5 ?ree weeks old2 & = pork1 pigs are kill$ f six to twelve mon?s old4 ,x requires !m to be old] = mak+ brawn4 ,! fle% ( "y v5ison is n s good z :5 f\r ye>s old or m2 ?\gh t ( ! fawn is v t5d] & succul5t4 ,b ev5 9 ! ftal /ate1 ! fle% ( animals1 if rec5tly tak5 f a heal?y "m1 may be us$4 ,9 ! ,london m>ket ! ftus ( ! c[ is regul>ly sold to ! pa/ry-cooks = ! purpose ( mak+ mock turtle s\p1 ( :i* x (t5 =ms ! pr9cipal portion4 ,veal1 h[ev]1 is reckon$ n s good :5 kill$ be=e x be eight or t5 weeks old4 ,! mo/ rem>kable quality ( fle% ( ?is k9d is1 its almo/ :olly dissolv+ 9 boil+ wat]1 =m+ 9 ! w>m /ate a bl& & gelat9\s s\p1 & :5 cold1 concret+ into a tremul\s transp>5t jelly4 ,x is less animaliz$1 or m prop]ly speak+1 conta9s less animal fibre ?an almo/ any o!r fle%2 h5ce its t5d5cy to become ascesc5t :5 made into bro? & jelly1 :i* is n ! case ) beef or mutton bro?4 ,! p>ts ( old] animals1 :i* conta9 a l>g] portion ( gelat9e1 are 9 ?is respect simil> to "y fle%4 ,c[-heel & %eep's-head are well kn[n in/ances4 ,x may be rem>k$ t su* food is less nutriti\s1 & unless v mu* boil$1 is less dige/ible ?an muscul> fle%2 b z x is also m light & less /imulat+1 x is frequ5tly giv5 to delicate p :o _c take any ?+ /rong]4 ,tripe is int]m$iate betwe5 :at we h j describ$ & ! muscul> fle% ( gr[n animals1 insomu* z !re is 9 ! /oma* ( rum9ant animals a consid]able proportion ( vessels1 transmitt+ r$ blood1 & ( muscul> fibres1 & accord+ly x is to be inf]r$ t tripe is m nutritive2 x is c]ta9 x is m palatable & savory4 ,z to o!r p>ts ( animals1 :i* are abundantly furni%$ ) r$ blood1 ?\gh de/itute ( muscle1 we _c speak s decid$ly4 ,"s ( ! gl&s are co>se & rank flav\r$1 f ! peculi> secretions :i* !y produce1 & are only us$ by poor p]sons2 o!rs are e/eem$ z delicacies1 & seem n to be un:olesome4 ,z examples ( ! latt]1 we may m5tion sweet bread or pancreas1 "o ( ! gl&s belong+ to ! dige/ive organs2 & ! liv] ( "s species ( birds1 & ( "y quadrup$s4 ,! liv] ( ! goose reckon$ a great delicacy 9 ,sicily1 & !y h !re a a me?od ( enl>g+ ?is organ :ile ! bird is alive1 b x is s cruel1 t ,brydon1 :o m5tions x1 decl9es giv+ ! p>ticul>s1 le/ our epicures 9 ,engl& %\ld h ! inhumanity to give x a trial4 ,! sple5 is an in/ance ( ! =m] case1 be+ /rongly ill flav\r$4 ,ano!r circum/ance :i* produces diff]5ce ( quality 9 fle%1 is ! sex ( ! animal1 ! g5ital organs hav+ 9 ?is respect a v rem>kable influ5ce1 z appe>s f ! effect ( de/roy+ ^! by ca/ration4 ,?is r5d]s ! fle% ( ! male simil>1 & 9 "s cases1 z 9 mutton1 sup]ior to t ( ! female1 :i* is always m t5d]1 & ( f9] fibre ?an t ( ! unca/rat$ male4 ,by de/roy+ also ! ov>ies ( ! females1 _! fle% is r5d]$ m delicate1 ?\gh ?is op]ation is n (t5 practis$4 ,! s[ is ! animal :i* is mo/ usually op]at$ ^u ) ?is view2 ! fle% ( ! unca/rat$ bo> is v co>se & bad4 ,ev5 9 calves ! diff]5ce is obs]vable1 & veal is greatly improv$ by ca/rat+ ! males4 ,! same practice greatly improves f[l1 z 9 capons4 ,v5ison is rank1 t\gh1 lean1 & ill flav\r$1 & n fit to be eat5 :5 kill$ dur+ ! rutt+ season1 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]2 & salmon1 :5 ab\t to spawn1 are also bad1 & prohibit$1 we believe1 by our laws1 to be caught or sold4 ,! mode ( fe$+ animals1 design$ = ! table1 has also great influ5ce on ! quality ( ! fle%1 s mu* s1 t nice judges c di/+ui% :e!r mutton1 if f ! same bre$ ( %eep1 has be5 f$ on grass or on turnips2 & c tell1 /ill m accurately1 on ta/+ ! fat ( pork1 :e!r ! pigs h be5 f$ on s\r skimm$ milk1 brew]s gra9s1 or pease fl\r4 ,x 0 ! practice sometime ago1 b n[ almo/ laid aside1 to fe$ calves & ox5 on oil cake4 ,?is did c]ta9ly fatt5 !m1 b ! fat 0 r rancid 9 mo/ cases1 & nev] ( good flav\r4 ,! tru? seems to be1 t1 ?\gh g5]ally1 ! lean ( fat animals is ! mo/ t5d] & palatable1 yet t ?is is n s mu* ! case :5 ! fat is rapidly produc$ by artificial managem5t 9 ! fe$+4 ,%eep become v rapidly fat 9 ! fir/ /age ( ! rot1 9 consequ5ce1 p]haps1 ( _! desire = food be+ greatly increas$ by ! disease2 &1 tak+ advantage ( ?is1 x is said t "s but*]s are 9 ! practice ( produc+ rot artificially1 :i* is c]ta9ly v blameable4 ,"s amateurs ( mutton are fond ( su* z has di$ ( a sort ( colic1 call$ 9 ! ,nor? braxy1 t produces a v peculi> flav\r 9 ! meat1 :i* is always1 h[ev]1 roa/$1 & nev] /ew$ or boil$4 ,su* ta/es are1 to say ! lea/ ( !m1 surely unnatural4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ow+ to ! diff]5t quality & quantity ( food1 z mu* z any ?+1 t ! season ( ! ye> has an effect ^u ! fle% ( animals2 ! heat or cold ( ! wea!r1 & 9 "s cases1 ! p]iodical return ( sexual atta*m5t1 mu/ also be tak5 int to be out ( seasono acc\nt4 ,9 ! in/ances ( veal & lamb1 ! words1 9 season1 & out ( season1 ref]1 p]haps1 m to pl5ty & sc>c5ess ?an to any quality 9 ! meat2 = z soon z any ?+ is s pl5tiful 9 ! m>ket z to cause a fall 9 ! price1 & br+ x )9 rea* ( ! poor1 !n ! weal?y classes pron\nce x to be out ( season4 ,?is is ! case ) "s sorts ( birds :i* migrate at c]ta9 times ( ! ye>1 ! woodcock = example1 & are on t acc\nt to be valu$ :5 !y c be procur$4 ,su* z bre$ "h1 ! solan goose = example1 c be procur$ 9 ! "y /ate be=e !y take _! flight to _! unkn[n retreat4 ,x has be5 r\ndly ass]t$1 t !re is no bird1 & no "p ( any birds1 :i* may n be safely us$ z food4 ,_m species1 h[ev]1 are v oily1 t\gh1 or bad flav\r$1 & x is n at lea/ v desirable to eat any animal :i* fe$s on prey or c>rion2 ev5 ?\gh ?is did n1 z x does1 ta9t _! fle%4 ,! qualities ( ! fle% ( birds diff] v mu*1 bo? 9 ! sev]al species1 & 9 p>ticul> p>ts ( ! same bird4 ,! fle% ( birds :i* live on gra91 is = ! mo/ "p pref]r$ to ^? :i* fe$ on insects or fi%4 ,! pheasant1 ! turkey1 z well z p>tridge1 & moor game1 are m e/eem$ ?an goose1 duck1 or woodcock4 ,_m ( ! wat] birds1 h[ev]1 are pref]r$1 ?\gh f ! nature ( _! food1 !y are apt to ta/e /rongly ( fi%1 & to become too fat & oily3 to rem$y ^! defects1 skilful cooks sometimes bury !m "u gr\nd = "s days1 & c>efully remove all ! sk91 & z mu* z possible ( ! fat & oil f ! inside1 be=e dress+ !m4 ,( ! sev]al sorts ( birds1 ^? ( l>g] size are co>s] & m t\gh ?an ! small] sorts2 bu/>ds1 & l>ks1 & ortolans1 = example1 ?an swans1 or turkeys1 & geese4 ,?is diff]5ce is also r5d]$ great] 9 proportion to _! age4 ,) reg>d to ! p>ticul> p>ts ( ! same birds1 ! fle% ( ! w+1 & ! "p ( ! brea/ ne>e/ ! w+1 consi/+ ( ! muscles ex]t$ 9 fly+1 are m dry1 t5d]1 & ( a :it] col\r ?an ! muscles ( ! leg4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case ) black game1 9 :i* ! m sup]ficial ( ^! muscles are d>k-col\r$1 :ile ^? deep] seat$ are pale2 & ! same is sometimes se5 9 o!r birds4 ,! belly & ! muscles ( ! ?igh1 :5 "y en\gh1 or :5 long kept & prop]ly cook$1 are bo? palatable1 juicy1 & suffici5tly t5d]4 ,! t5dons ( ^! muscles1 h[ev]1 are v t\gh1 & at a c]ta9 age become c>tilag9\s & ev5 bony4 ,birds 9 a dome/ic /ate d n readily become fat1 if all[$ to g at l>ge2 = ?is purpose1 !y %\ld be conf9$ 9 coops1 & suppli$ ) z mu* :olesome food z !y c eat4 ,p\lt]]s ev5 cram !m ) food4 ,dome/ic wat] f[ls1 mu/1 :ile fatt5+1 be kept f ! wat]1 o!rwise !y w acquire a /rong fi%y ta/e1 & besides1 w always rema9 lean4 ,9 g5]al1 ov] fatness may be consid]$ z a sort ( oleag5\s dropsy1 & seldom or nev] is met ) 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,all ! s(t p>ts ( fi% conta9 gelat9e & fibr\s sub/ance1 & are1 consequ5tly1 9 ! edible sorts1 nutriti\s4 ,! fibr\s portions are n1 except 9 a few species1 r$1 l ! muscul> fle% ( l& animals1 b :ite & opake :5 dress$4 ,if cook$ fi% looks blui% & semi-transp>5t1 x is n 9 season4 ,x is =tunate = u1 t few if any poison\s fi% are f\nd 9 our seas1 be+ *iefly conf9$ to ! tropics4 ,! roe ( ! great] numb] ( fi%es is eat53 cavi> is ! roe ( ! /urgeon4 ,cods s\nds1 or ! swim bladd] ( ! l>g] cod1 are reckon$ a great delicacy :5 prop]ly pres]v$4 ,x is n usual = ! sk9 ( any animal to be eat51 ?\gh ! sk9 ( "s sorts ( fi% :i* are pulpy & gelat9\s are reli%$--z ! sk9 ( calves head is us$ = mock turtle s\p4 ,! flav\r ( fi% dep5ds greatly on _! food1 :i*1 x is suppos$1 is ! ma9 cause ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 fre% & salt wat] fi%1 & betwe5 ! same sorts ( fi% tak5 9 diff]5t lakes & riv]s1 & on diff]5t p>ts ( ! coa/4 ,"s %ell fi%1 su* z muscles & cockles1 are occasionally f\nd to disagree ) "s p>ticul> con/itutions1 b x is n true t ?is arises f _! fe$+ on copp] banks2 "s say1 t x is f ! p]sons eat+ ! be>d or fibres1 by :i* ! muscles atta* !mselves to ! rocks1 :i* is n1 we ?9k1 probable4 ,! limpet 7,patella vulgata71 ! p]iw9kle 7turbo littoreus7 & :ilk 7murex antiquus71 are us$ z food1 boil$ by ! common p 9 v>i\s di/ricts ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! cru/ace\s %ellfi% ( suffici5t size1 are v g5]ally escul5t4 ,^! *iefly belong to ! family ( ,canc]4 ,h5ce1 sev]al species ( crabs1 bo? %ort & long tail$1 are eat54 ,! lob/]1 ! crawfi%1 ! %rimp1 & ! prawn belong to ?is class4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,vegetable ,,sub/ances ,,commonly ,,us$ ,,= ,,food4 ,! vegetable sub/ances us$ = food are1 if we include fruits1 mu* m num]\s ?an ^? d]iv$ f ! animal k+dom4 ,! *ief ( ^!1 h[ev]1 are ! diff]5t sorts ( gra9 & pulse1 ! f>9a or fl\r ( :i*1 conta9s a l>ge proportion ( />*1 glut51 & mucilage1 & b little woody fibre1 & is consequ5tly highly nutriti\s1 & easily dige/$4 ,to ?is class ( plants we are also indebt$ = ! food ( ! animals ^: fle% is mo/ g5]ally us$4 ,9 pulse1 z well z 9 rye & oats1 !re is1 besides ! pr9ciples j m5tion$1 a consid]able portion ( sug>1 :i* adds to _! nutritive qualities4 ,we w\ld class ! diff]5t sorts ( nuts1 next to gra9 & pulse1 9 ! proportion ( nutrim5t :i* !y af=d2 />* & mucilage are _! *ief elem5ts1 b ^! are comb9$ ) a k9d ( oil :i* is n ( easy dige/ion1 & makes !m disagree ) mo/ p :5 too lib]ally us$4 ,almonds1 filb]ts1 walnuts1 & cocoa1 are ! nuts 9 mo/ reque/4 ,*ocolate is a prep>ation ( ?is k9d1 :i* is v nutriti\s to ^? ) :om x agrees4 ,next to gra91 pulse1 & nuts1 we may place ! f>9ace\s roots1 potatoes1 c>rots1 p>snips1 & ,j]usalem arti*okes4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/1 conta9s ! mo/ n\ri%m5t1 :i* dep5ds on ! great proportion ( />* ) :i* x ab\nds4 ,o!r pot-h]bs possess little n\ri%m5t4 ,cabbage & gre5s1 = example1 are *iefly compos$ ( fibre1 mucilage1 & wat]1 & ! same is true ( onions1 leeks1 cel]y1 lettuce1 & broccoli4 ,( fruits1 ^? :i* are mo/ f>9ace\s & mucilag9\s1 & :i* are sweet f ! sug> conta9$ 9 !m1 are ! mo/ nutriti\s4 ,! pe> %\ld seem to answ] ?is description ! ne>e/1 b exp]i5ce proves t ?is fruit is ( less easy dige/ion ?an ! apple1 ^: great] acidity corrects ! heavy quality ( ! sac*>9e matt] ) :i* ! pe> ab\nds4 ,,g5]al ,,op]ations ,,( ,,cook]y4 ,few ( ! sub/ances :i* we use = food are consum$ 9 ! /ate 9 :i* !y are orig9ally produc$ by nature4 ,) ! exception ( "s fruits & salads1 all ( !m und]go "s prep>ation4 ,9 mo/ cases1 inde$1 ?is is indisp5sable2 =1 o!rwise1 !y w\ld n only be less :olesome & nutritive1 b less dige/ible4 ,! prec$+ obs]vations1 !re=e1 are only applicable to ! mat]ials :5 cook$1 & n to ! crude vegetables & raw fle% 9 ! undress$ /ate4 ,! g5]al processes ( cook]y resolve !mselves into ! v>i\s modes ( apply+ heat "u diff]5t circum/ances4 ,!y are ! foll[+--roa/+1 fry+1 broil+1 bak+1 /ew+1 & boil+4 ,^! op]ations n only s(t5 ! raw mat]ials1 & r5d] !m alim5t>y1 b ! *emical con/itution ( ! cook$ sub/ance suff]s also su* alt]ations1 t its con/itu5t p>ts c (t5 no long] be recognis$4 ,,roa/+ ,,on ,a ,,spit ,appe>s to be ! mo/ anci5t process ( r5d]+ animal food eatable by means ( ! action ( heat4 ,spits 7 us$ v anci5tly 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & p]haps1 be=e ! pla9 practice ( hang+ ! meat to a /r+ be=e ! fire4 ,ere ! iron age _h taught m5 ! use ( metals1 ^! roa/+ in/rum5ts 7 made ( wood2 & z we f9d x 9 ,virgil1#bj sl5d] bran*es ( ! hazel tree 7 p>ticul>ly *os5-- --------8,/abit sac] hircus ad aram 8,p+uiaque 9 v]ubus torrebimus extra colurnis40 ,! alt> let ! guilty goat approa*1 ,& roa/ 8 fat limbs on ! hazel broa*40 #bj ,georgics ,,ii4 #ede4 ,roa/+ is ! mo/ simple & direct application ( heat 9 ! prep>ation ( food4 ,! process is1 = ! mo/ "p1 conf9$ to animal sub/ances1 ?\gh sev]al fruits1 su* z apples1 *esnuts1 & "s roots1 are 9 ?is mann] directly subject$ to fire4 ,b 9 dress+ animal food1 but*]'s meat1 v5ison1 f[l1 & fi%1 roa/+ is "o ( ! mo/ usual processes1 & x is1 we believe1 ! be/ = r5d]+ food nutritive & :olesome4 ,! *emical *anges also :i* roa/+ induces1 are suffici5tly slight1 z a c>eful analysis w procure f meat1 prop]ly roa/$1 ne>ly all ! elem5ts :i* are to be f\nd 9 x 9 ! raw /ate4 ,slight z ! *ange is h[ev] 9 a *emical1 x is consid]able 9 a cul9>y1 po9t ( view4 ,! texture ( ! meat is m relax$ & consequ5tly x is m t5d]2 x is also m sapid & high flav\r$4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial t ! meat int5d$ = roa/+1 has be5 kept long en\gh = ! fibres to become flaccid1 )\t :i* precaution ! be/ meat does n become t5d]4 ,if ! meat be froz51 x %\ld be ?aw$1 by putt+ x into cold wat]1 be=e x is put on ! spit4 ,! process ( roa/+ requires "s c>e to conduct x prop]ly4 ,! meat %\ld be gradually turn$ be=e ! fire1 9 ord] to effect its uni=m exposure to ! rays ( heat4 ,a cov]+ ( pap] prev5ts ! fat f tak+ fire1 & frequ5tly ba/+ ! meat ) gravy or melt$ fat1 prev5ts x f be+ scor*$ or becom+ dry1 bitt]1 & unpalatable4 ,x is necess>y to be v c>eful 9 plac+ ! meat to be roa/$ at a prop] di/ance f ! fire4 ,if x is put too ne>1 ! surface w be scor*$ & burnt to a c9d]1 :ile ! inn] portion w be q raw2 &1 if x be too di/ant1 x w nev] h ei!r ! t5d]ness or ! flav\r x w\ld h _h by prop] c>e4 ,at fir/1 x %\ld be plac$ at "s di/ance1 & aft]w>ds be gradually br\ght ne>] ! fire1 to give ! heat "t to p5etrate ! :ole piece equally2 &1 ! l>g] ! jo9t is1 ! m gradually %\ld ?is be done4 ,p\ltry1 9 p>ticul>1 %\ld be heat$ v gradually4 ,:5 ! jo9t is ( an unequal ?ickness1 ! spit mu/ be plac$ slant+1 s t ! ?9ne/ "p is fur!r remov$ f ! fire4 ,! less ! spit is made to pass ?r\gh ! prime "p ( ! meat1 ! bett]4 ,?us1 9 a %\ld] ( mutton1 ! spit is made to ent] close to ! %ank-bone1 & pass$ along ! blade-bone ( ! jo9t4 ,:5 ! meat is ne>ly suffici5tly roa/$1 x is du/$ ov] ) a coat+ ( fl\r2 ?is1 unit+ ) ! fat & o!r juices exud$ on ! surface1 cov]s ! jo9t ) a br[n cru/1 glaz$ & fro?y1 :i* gives to ! eye a prelude ( ! palatable sub/ance x encru/s4 ,! process1 z j describ$1 is v simil>1 :atev] may be ! sort ( meat roa/$1 :e!r jo9ts1 & ! sev]al species ( f[l1 or game4 ,fi% is n usually dress$ 9 ?is way1 ?\gh ! l>g] sorts are sometimes roa/$4 ,^? :o reli% eels & pike pref] !m roa/$ to any o!r mode ( dress+ !m4 ,x is a g5]al practice to move ! spit back :5 ! meat is half done1 9 ord] to cle> ! bottom "p ( ! grate1 & to give ! fire a good /irr+1 t x may burn bright dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! process4 ,! meat is deem$ suffici5tly roa/$ :5 ! /eam puffs out ( ! jo9t 9 jets t[>ds ! fire4 ,to facilitate ! process ( roa/+1 a metal scre51 consi/+ ( a %all[ concave reflector1 is plac$ beh9d ! meat1 9 ord] to reflect ! rays ( heat ( ! fire back aga9 ^u ! meat4 ,?is greatly ha/5s ! process4 ,! scre5 is usually made ( wood1 l9$ ) t94 ,x %\ld be kept bright1 o!rwise1 x w n reflect ! rays ( heat4 ,,roa/+ ,,on ,a ,,/r+ ,is usually p]=m$ by means ( ! useful contrivance call$ a bottle jack1 a well-kn[n ma*9e1 s nam$ f its =m4 ,x only s]ves = small jo9ts1 b does t bett] ?an ! spit4 ,x is *eap & simple1 & ! turn+ motion is produc$ by ! twi/+ & untwi/+ ( a /r+4 ,! sort ( roa/+ ma*9e1 call$ ! ,poor ,man's ,spit1 is some?+ ( ! same nature1 b /ill m simple4 ,! meat is susp5d$ by a ske9 ( wor/$1 a twirl+ motion be+ giv5 to ! meat1 ! ?read is twi/$1 & :5 ! =ce is sp5t1 ! /r+ untwi/s itself two or ?ree times alt]nately1 till ! action be+ discont9u$1 ! meat mu/ aga9 get a twirl r\nd4 ,:5 ! meat is half done1 ! l[] extremity ( ! jo9t is turn$ upp]mo/1 & affix$ to ! /r+1 s t ! gravy fl[s ov] ! jo9t ! rev]se way x did be=e4 ,,roa/+ ,,9 ,,an ,,op5 ,,ov54 ,a ,dut* or op5 ov5 is a ma*9e = roa/+ small jo9ts1 su* z f[ls1 c4 ,x consi/s ( an ar*$ box ( t9 op5 on "o side1 :i* side is plac$ aga9/ ! fire4 ,! jo9t be+ ei!r susp5d$ 9 ! ma*9e on a spit1 or by a hook1 or put on a l[ trevet plac$ on ! bottom ( ! ov51 :i* is moveable4 ,! inside ( ! ov5 %\ld be kept bright t x may reflect ! heat ( ! fire4 ,?is is ! mo/ economical & mo/ exp$iti\s me?od ( roa/+ 9 ! small way4 ,,roa/+ ,,9 ,a ,,clos$ ,,ov54 ,roa/+ 9 a clos$ ov51 or bak+1 consi/s 9 expos+ sub/ances to be roa/$ to ! action ( heat 9 a conf9$ space1 or clos$ ov51 :i* does n p]mit ! free access ( air1 to cause ! vap\r aris+ f ! roa/$ sub/ance to escape z fa/ z x is =m$1 & ?is circum/ance mat]ially alt]s ! flav\r ( roa/$ animal sub/ances4 ,roa/]s & ov5s ( ! common con/ruction are apt to give ! meat a disagreeable flav\r1 aris+ f ! empyreumatic oil1 :i* is =m$ by ! decomposition ( ! fat1 expos$ to ! bottom ( ! ov54 ,?is inconv5i5ce has be5 completely rem$i$ 9 two ways1 by provid+ aga9/ ! evil ( all[+ ! fat to burn2 & secondly1 by c>ry+ out ( ! ov5 by a /rong curr5t ( heat$ air1 ! empyreumatic vap\rs1 z fa/ z !y are =m$4 ,su* are ! diff]5t processes ( roa/+ meat4 ,rationale4--,! fir/ effect ( ! fire is to r>ify ! wat]y juices )9 its influ5ce :i* make _! escape 9 ! =m ( /eam4 ,! album9\s portion !n coagulates 9 ! same mann] z ! :ite ( an egg does1 ! gelat9e & ! osmazome#ba become deta*$ f ! fibr9e1 & unite ) a portion ( ! fat1 :i* also is liquifi$ by ! expansive prop]ty ( heat4 ,! union ( ^! =m a comp\nd fluid n to be f\nd 9 ! meat previ\sly4 ,?is is reta9$ 9 ! int]/ices ( ! fibres :]e x is =m$ by ! br[n fro?y cru/1 b fl[s abundantly f e pore :5 a cut is made into ! meat ) a knife4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! dissipation ( ! wat]y juices1 ! fibr\s portion becomes gradually corrugat$1 &1 if n att5tively wat*$1 its texture is de/roy$1 & x becomes rigid4 ,*emi/s prove t ! peculi> od\r & ta/e ( roa/$ meat dep5ds on ! developm5t ( ! pr9ciple :i* has be5 call$ osmazome1 or ! animal extractive matt] ( ! old *emi/1 a sub/ance :i* diff]s v mu* f e o!r con/itu5t "p ( animal matt] *emically1 9 be+ soluble 9 alcohol--& to ! s5ses1 9 be+ extremely sav\ry or sapid4 ,x is ^u ?is pr9ciple1 :i* seems to admit ( consid]able v>ieties1 t ! peculi> grateful flav\r ( animal food1 7:e!r 9 ! =m ( bro? or roa/$17 & ( ea* ( its k9ds1 dep5ds4 ,osmazome exi/s 9 ! l>ge/ quantity 9 ! fibr\s organs1 or comb9$ ) fibr9e 9 ! muscles1 :ile ! t5dons & o!r gelat9\s organs appe> to be de/itute ( x4 ,! fle% ( game1 & old animals1 conta9s x 9 great] quantity ?an t ( "y animals ab\nd+ 9 gelat9e4 #ba ,d]iv$ f 1 smell1 & 1 bro?4 ,! t5d]ness produc$ by roa/+1 we acc\nt =1 f ! expansion ( ! wat]y juices into /eam1 loos5+ & dissev]+ ! fibres "o f ano!r1 9 =c+ a passage ?r\gh ! pores to make _! escape by4 ,?is viol5ce1 also1 mu/ rupture all ! f9] network ( ! cellul> membranes1 besides ! small] n]ves & blood vessels :i* ramify s num]\sly ?r\gh e hair's-bread? ( animal sub/ance4 ,?is dissolution ( all ! m9ute p>ts ( ! meat1 :i* mu/ take place be=e a p>ticle ( /eam c escape1 w mo/ cle>ly acc\nt bo? = ! t5d]ness & ! alt]$ col\r ( roa/$ meat4 ,! action ( heat1 also1 ^u ! m solid p>ts ( ! bundles ( fibres1 w1 indep5d5t ( ! expansion ( ! juices1 cause !m to enl>ge _! volume1 & consequ5tly make ! small] fibres less firmly adhesive4 ,,broil+4 ,ano!r process 9 :i* meat is subject$ to ! imm$iate action ( fire is broil+1 :i* at fir/ sight seems n to diff] f roa/+4 ,! effect on ! meat is1 h[ev]1 consid]ably diff]5t4 ,! process consi/s 9 lay+ *ops or slices ( meat on cle> burn+ coals1 or a gridiron plac$ ov] a cle> fire4 ,x is indisp5sable t ! *ops or slices be mod]ately ?91 o!rwise ! outside w be scor*$ to a c9d] be=e !y are cook$ )92 f "o f\r? to ?ree f\r?s ( an in* is a prop] ?ickness4#bb ,x is also necess>y t ! fire be mod]ately brisk1 )\t smoke or flame1 le/ ! meat %\ld acquire a smoky ta/e4 ,:5 a gridiron is us$ x ought to be ?or\ghly heat$ be=e ! slices or *ops are laid on x1 to prev5t !m f /ick+ to ! b>s4 ,9 ord] to broil !m equally1 !y mu/ be turn$ f "t to "t till ! cook c easily pi]ce !m ) a =k or %>p skew]1 :i* is ! te/ ( !m be+ suffici5tly cook$4 ,x is improp]1 h[ev]1 to cut into ! *ops to asc]ta9 :e!r !y are broil$ en\gh1 because x lets out ! gravy4 #bb ,x is recomm5d$ by cooks to previ\sly beat ! raw slices ) a mallet1 b ?is practice is a bad "o4 ,coke is ! be/ fuel = broil+1 = x does n emit any smoke1 & gives a cle> & mod]ate heat2 a mixture ( coke & *>coal is exce$+ly well calculat$ = ! broil+ process4 ,^? gridirons ( ! usual appe>ance & =m1 t h ! b>s flut$ or holl[$ on ! upp] side1 by :i* means1 ! fat t comes f ! meat t is cook$ on !m1 is prev5t$ f fall+ into ! fire1 & caus+ flame & smoke are ! be/2 = all ! grease t runs d[n ! b>s is receiv$ into a small tr\gh1 :i* prev5ts x f be+ wa/$ or lo/4 ,! upright gridiron is a /ill bett] inv5tion1 z ! meat cook$ on x1 is entirely free f smoke1 & ! melt$ fat is /ill m easily sav$1 & kept m clean4 ,rationale4--,! heat be+ v quickly & directly appli$1 n gradually z 9 roa/+ & bak+1 ! surface ( ! meat is spe$ily fre$ f its wat]y juices1 & ! fibres become corrugat$1 =m+ a firm & crisp incru/ation ( fibre & fat4 ,?is cru/ effectually prev5ts ! escape ( ! juices f )92 namely1 ! gelat9e1 & ! osmazome1 :i* are m rapidly exp&$ by ! heat ?an 9 roa/+1 & consequ5tly mu/ m viol5tly dissev] ! small fibres among :i* !y are lodg$1 ! effect1 h[ev]1 is m me*anical ?an *emical1 = x does n appe> t any new comb9ation is =m$1 nor mu* disorganization produc$4 ,accord+ly1 x is f\nd t broil$ meat is m sapid1 & conta9s m liquid album51 gelat9e1 & free osmazome1 ?an ! same meat w\ld d if boil$ or roa/$4 ,x is ?is great] degree ( juicyness1 sapidity1 & t5d]ness1 t con/itutes ! peculi>ity & p]fection ( ?is mode ( cook+1 comp>$ ) roa/+1 bak+1 or fry+ 9 a pan4 ,e sort ( meat1 h[ev]1 is n fit = broil+4 ,! *emi/ry ( ! process w po9t out ! sorts be/ adapt$ = x4 ,! fle%1 = example1 ( old animals1 :i* is defici5t 9 gelat9e & album51 w\ld be too mu* dri$ by roa/+4 ,! l>g] muscles1 also1 :i* ab\nd 9 fibr\s sub/ance1 su* z ! rump ( beef1 are well fitt$ = broil+4 ,! fle% ( game is likewise less juicy & gelat9\s1 & =ms a v sav\ry di% :5 broil$4 ,! process is peculi>ly fit = mo/ sorts ( fi%1 :i* roa/+ or bak+ w\ld r5d] dry & %rivell$1 & 9 _m cases boil+ w\ld make x too s(t & pulpy4 ,fre% caught *>1 & tr\t1#bc are 9 ! highe/ p]fection :5 dress$ 9 ?is way4 #bc ,! be/ way ( eat+ mack]el1 is to broil x 9 butt]$ pap] ^u ! gridiron2 &1 :5 prop]ly done1 to put fre% butt] 9 ! inside1 ) *opp$ p>sley1 pepp]1 & salt1 :i* melts1 & adds an exce$+ly good flav\r to ! fi%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fle% :i* ab\nds 9 wat]y juices & gelat9e is n well adapt$ = broil+4 ,! fle% ( all "y animals is ( ?is k9d2 & accord+ly lamb1 veal1 & suck+ pig2 ! fle% ( ! fawn & kid d n answ] to be broil$ b roa/$4 ,! same is true ( all ! p>ts ( an animal1 :atev] be its age1 :i* ab\nd m 9 gelat9e1 album51 & fat1 ?an 9 r$ muscul> fibre4 ,broil$ beaf /eaks 7 ! e/abli%$ breakfa/ ( ! ,maids ( ,hon\r ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,at an e>li] p]iod !y gave /r5g? & vig\r to ^? :o 8-----------------------------------drew 1 8,& almo/ jo9$ ! horns ( ! t\gh yew40 ,,fry+4 ,fry+ is a process some:at int]m$iate betwe5 roa/+ & boil+4 ,inde$1 9 "o s5se1 x may be t]m$ boil+1 z x is ! application ( heat to ! sub/ance to be cook$1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( melt$ fat1 rais$ to ! boil+ temp]ature4 ,! effect on ! meat is v peculi>1 & easily di/+ui%$ f e o!r mode ( cook+4 ,! meat is prep>$ 9 ! same way z 9 broil+1 by cutt+ x into *ops1 or slices1 ( n m ?an half an in* or ?ree qu>t]s 9 ?ickness4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( mutton or beef suet1 butt]1 l>d1 or oil1 be+ melt$ 9 a pan1 & made boil+-hot1 ! meat is laid 9 x4 ,x is n necess>y t ! meat be :olly imm]s$ 9 ! boil+ fat2 if x be imm]s$ 9 "p1 x w be q suffici5t4 ,:5 fle% is ! sub/ance to be fri$1 ! pieces1 previ\sly to _! be+ put into ! pan1 are sometimes bru%$ ov] ) eggs & crumbs ( /ale bread1 fl\r1 or any o!r f>9ace\s sub/ance4 ,?is application may also be made :5 ! meat is ne>ly cook$4 ,! int5tion ( x is to cov] ! meat ) a ?9 br[n cru/1 ! sav\r ( :i* increases ! reli% ( ! di%4 ,fi% are1 = ! mo/ "p1 treat$ 9 ?is mann] :5 fri$4 ,x answ]s well ) tr\t1 :it+s1 fl\nd]s1 & soles4 ,:5 ?is application is made to ! meat previ\sly to its be+ put into ! pan1 ! peculi> flav\r ( ! meat is m effectually reta9$4 ,"o ( ! be/ prep>ations = ?is purpose is oatmeal1 fl\r1 or crumbs ( /ale bread1 made into a liquid pa/e ) ! yolk & :ite ( eggs4 ,vegetable1 z well z animal sub/ances1 are subject$ to ?is process1 ?\gh x is always at ! exp5se ( _! :olesome & nutritive qualities2 & n always to ! improvem5t ( _! ta/e & flav\r4 ,z 9 ! case ( animal sub/ances1 all ! juices are1 by fry+1 extract$ f ! vegetables2 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t _! place is n suppli$ by ! melt$ fat2 = ! />* ( ! vegetables 7potatoes = example7 is r5d]$ insoluble 9 wat] by ! fat1 & exhibits a corne\s appe>ance & texture4 ,fri$ potatoes are ! mo/ famili> in/ance ( ! process4 ,:5 cut into ?9 slices & fri$ 9 oil1 butt]1 or l>d1 !y are r5d]$ semi-transp>5t4 ,cabbage1 or ! /alks1 leaves1 & fruits ( o!r vegetable sub/ances1 previ\sly boil$ & !n fri$1 %r9k1 & become m easy to break1 9 proportion z ! wat] is driv5 (f f !m1 z ?is1 dur+ _! previ\s boil+1 dissolves ! sac*>9e & amylace\s matt] :i* r5d]$ !m supple & juicy4 ,^! pr9ciples are mu* bett] prep>$ & improv$ by boil+2 !y are v mu* det]iorat$ by ! boil+ fat 9 ! fry+ pan4 ,! melt$ fat1 or oil1 %\ld always be br\ght to ! boil+ po9t1 or ne>ly s4 ,! prop] temp]ature is asc]ta9$ by putt+ into ! fat a few sprigs ( p>sley1 a ?9 slice ( turnip1 or a piece ( bread1 & if any ( ^! sub/ances become crisp )\t acquir+ a black col\r1 ! fat is hot en\gh = fry+2 if x be made hott]1 x becomes black5$1 & ! meat acquires a burnt & unpleasant flav\r4 ,any sort ( h>d fat1 su* z beef suet1 is ! be/ fitt$ = fry+ meat2 because1 fat ( ?is description c be br\ght to a high] temp]ature1 )\t suff]+ decomposition1 ?an ei!r l>d1 butt]1 or oil4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 p>ticul> k9ds ( meat :i* answ] bett] ) "s "o or o!r ( ^! ?an ) any ( ! re/4 ,fi%1 = example1 is be/ fri$ 9 oil4 ,a ri* br[n col\r is communicat$ to ! fri$ sub/ance1 by press+ x1 :5 ne>ly cook$1 aga9/ ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,! fire = fry+ %\ld be kept %>p & cle>1 to keep ! melt$ fat at a suffici5t high temp]ature1 & )\t ?is precaution ! fri$ sub/ance _c be br[n$4 ,if ! temp]ature ( ! fat is n hot en\gh1 ! fri$ meat w be sodd54 ,fi% _c be fri$ ( a good col\r1 & crisp1 & firm texture1 unless ! fat is boil+ hot4 ,fry+1 ?\gh "o ( ! mo/ common cul9>y occupations1 is "o ( ^? t is lea/ commonly p]=m$4 ,eggs are (t5 fry$4 8,fre% butt]1 hiss+ 9 ! pan1 receives ! yolk & :ite toge!r 9 its burn+ bosom4 ,"o m9ute or two & all ! noise is ov]2 &1 spr9kl$ ) pepp]1 salt1 & a few drops ( v9eg>1 !y appe> p]fectly fit = ! table4 ,! salam&] is (t5 held ov] !m1 & accel]ates ! cul9>y process40 ,rationale4--,! process ( fry+ is consid]ably diff]5t f ^? :i* we h =m]ly be5 exam9+4 ,9 fry+1 ! high temp]ature ( ! melt$ fat has ! effect ( extract+ 7at lea/ f ! out] surface7 all ! gelat9e1 osmazome & album51 ! place ( :i* is1 9 "p1 suppli$ by ! melt$ fat ent]+ betwe5 ! fibres1 & gradually fill+ up ! int]/ices4 ,x is ?is circum/ance :i* prev5ts ! fibres ( fri$ meat f becom+ h>d & dry1 & pres]ves !m 9 a t5d] & supple /ate4 ,meat :i* has be5 fri$1 %r9ks m 9 bulk ?an :5 boil$ or roa/$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! melt$ fat hav+ a /rong] influ5ce 9 dislodg+ ! animal juices4 ,x is ?is also :i* gives ! meat ! /ructure :i* has n unaptly be5 comp>$ to lea!r4 ,ta/e in=ms u1 indep5d5tly ( our rationale1 t fri$ meat is less gelat9\s & less sav\ry ?an :5 simply boil$ or roa/$4 ,x is also less t5d]4 ,! gelat9e & o!r juices ( ! animal fibre1 :i* are extract$ dur+ ! process may be discov]$1 aft] ! melt$ matt] 9 ! pan is suff]$ to settle1 9 ! =m ( a ri*1 br[n1 sav\ry jelly1 :i* sep>ates spontane\sly f ! re/ ( ! sub/ance4 ,,/ew+4 ,/ew+ diff]s f roa/+ & broil+1 9 ! heat be+ appli$ to ! sub/ance ?r\gh a small portion ( a liquid m$ium2 &1 f boil+ & fry+1 9 ! process be+ conduct$ by means ( an aque\s1 & n by means ( an oily fluid4 ,x is necess>y t ! fire be mod]ate2 = a /rong heat sudd5ly appli$ w\ld be v injuri\s4 ,! liquids employ$ z ! m$ium = apply+ ! heat are usually wat]1 gravy1 or bro?1 ! quantity ( :i* mu/ be su* z %all prev5t ! meat f burn+ & adh]+ to ! pan4 ,x is n requisite t ! liquid be made to boil 9 /ew+4 ,x %\ld only be rais$ ne>ly to a simm]+ heat1 :i* w ret>d ! fluid be+ evaporat$ too quickly4 ,! clos5ess ( ! vessel w also prev5t ! wa/e ( ! liquid4 ,if x dim9i% too quickly1 x mu/1 f "t to "t1 be repl5i%$4 ,! managem5t ( ! fire 9 cook+1 is1 9 all cases1 a matt] ( importance1 b 9 no case is x s necess>y to be att5d$ to z 9 prep>+ /ews or made di%es2 n only ! palatabl5ess1 b ev5 ! /r5g? or ri*ness ( all made di%es1 seems to dep5d v mu* ^u ! managem5t ( ! heat employ$ 9 cook+ !m4 ,! mo/ prop] sorts ( animal food = /ew+1 are su* z ab\nd 9 fibr9e1 & :i* are too dry or too t\gh = roa/+4 ,:5 beef or mutton is r old & too co>se flav\r$1 & n t5d] en\gh = ! spit or ! gridiron1 x may1 by /ew+1 be n only r5d]$ tol]ably palatable1 b ev5 sometimes sav\ry & good4 ,b ! /ew+ process is n conf9$ to fle% ( ?is sort2 = veal & o!r "y fle% :i* ab\nds 9 gelat9e1 :5 prop]ly /ew$1 is mu* reli%$4 ,! vegetables mo/ usually /ew$ are c>rots1 turnips1 potatoes1 pease1 beans1 & o!r legum9\s se$s4 ,"s fruits are also cook$ 9 ?is way4 ,rationale4--,/ew+ is no?+ else ?an boil+ by means ( a small quantity ( an aque\s fluid1 & cont9u+ ! op]ation = a long "t to r5d] ! sub/ance t5d]1 to loos5 its texture1 to r5d] x m sapid1 & to reta9 & conc5trate ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( animal or vegetable food4 ,if ! /ew-pan be close %ut1 x is evid5t t none ( ! nutritive pr9ciples c escape1 & mu/ ei!r be f\nd 9 ! meat itself or 9 ! liquid4 ,! wat] or gravy 9 :i* ! meat is /ew$1 be+ capable ( dissolv+ ! gelat9e & album51 ! great] "p ( !m become sep>at$ dur+ ! simm]+ process4 ,n[1 s9ce ! firm texture ( ! bundles ( fibres ( ! meat is ow+ to ! solid gelat9e & album5 glue+ !m1 z x 71 toge!r1 :5 !y are dissolv$ & dis5gag$1 ! meat mu/ become greatly disorganiz$4 ,^! pr9ciples1 z well z ! fat & osmazome1 are p>tly dis5gag$ f ! meat1 & become unit$ ) ! gravy4 ,x is to ^!1 inde$1 t ! gravy owes all its ri*ness & excell5ce4 ,! muscul> fibres & ! t5dons acquire a gluey appe>ance & texture1 & ! :ole =ms a sav\ry gelat9\s /ew1 gravy1 or s\p4 ,no scor*+ or br[n+ ( ! meat takes place if ! process is prop]ly conduct$2 = ! temp]ature to :i* x is expos$ does n exce$ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,9 ! /ew+ ( vegetables1 sac*>9e matt] is =m$1 ! />* & mucilage are r5d]$ soluble1 & ( c\rse1 set free ! woody fibre1 :i* ei!r floats ?r\gh ! liquid or adh]es toge!r v slightly4 ,x accord+ly con/itutes ei!r a pa/y fluid1 or conv]ts ! vegetables to a s(t pulp2 sometimes _! orig9al %ape be+ pres]v$ entire1 & at o!r times n4 ,,boil+4 ,boil+ is a mu* m common op]ation ?an any ( ^? we h consid]$1 ) ! exception p]haps ( roa/+4 ,x consi/s1 z e body kn[s1 9 subject+ ! mat]ials ( food to ! influ5ce ( heat1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( boil+ wat]1 or ( /eam4 ,! wat] employ$ = boil+ meat or pulse %\ld be s(t1 & ! jo9t %\ld be put on ! fire imm]s$ 9 cold wat]1 9 ord] t ! heat may gradually cause ! :ole mass to become boil$ equally4 ,if ! piece ( meat is ( an unequal ?ickness1 ! ?9n] p>ts w be ov]-done be=e ! m massy portion is suffici5tly act$ on by ! boil+ wat]4 ,salt$ meat requires to be v sl[ly boil$1 or simm]$ only1 = a quick & rapid ebullition r5d]s salt$ provisions extremely h>d4 ,froz5 sub/ances %\ld be ?or\ghly ?aw$1 & ?is is be/ effect$ by imm]s+ !m 9 cold wat]4 ,c\nt ,rum=d has tak5 mu* pa9s to impress on ! m9ds ( ^? :o ex]cise ! cul9>y art1 ! foll[+ simple b pratical1 important fact1 namely1 t :5 wat] beg9s only to be agitat$ by ! heat ( ! fire1 x is incapable ( be+ made hott]1 & t ! viol5t ebullition is no?+ m ?an an unpr(itable dissipation ( ! wat]1 9 ! =m ( /eam1 & a consid]able wa/e ( fuel4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! process to ! end ( x ! boil+ %\ld be z g5tle z possible4 ,caus+ any ?+ to boil viol5tly 9 any cul9>y process1 is v ill-judg$2 = x n only does n exp$ite1 9 ! smalle/ degree1 ! process ( cook+1 b x occasions a mo/ enorm\s wa/e ( fuel1 & by driv+ away ) ! /eam _m ( ! m volatile & m sav\ry p>ticles ( ! +r$i5ts1 r5d]s ! victuals less good & less palatable3 x is n by ! bubbl+ up1 or viol5t boil+1 z x is call$1 ( ! wat] t cul9>y op]ations are exp$it$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ess5tial conditions to be att5d$ to 9 ! boil+ ( meat is1 to skim ! pot well1 & keep x really boil+1 ! sl[] ! bett]4 ,if ! skimm+ be neglect$1 ! coagulat$ album9\s matt] w atta* itself to ! meat1 & spoil ! good appe>ance ( x4 ,x is n necess>y to wrap meat or p\ltry 9 a clo?1 if ! pot be c>efully skimm$4 ,! g5]al rule ( ! be/ cooks is to all[ f #bj to #cj m9utes sl[ simm]+ to a p\nd ( meat1 reckon+ f ! "t ! pot beg9s to boil4 ,! cov] ( ! boil+ pot %\ld fit close1 to prev5t ! unnecess>y evaporation ( ! wat]1 & ! smoke ins9uat+ itself "u ! edge ( ! cov]1 & communicat+ to ! boil$ sub/ance a smoky ta/e4 ,cooks (t5 put a trevet1 or plate1 on ! bottom ( ! boil+ pot1 to prev5t ! boil$ sub/ance /ick+ to ! pot4 ,rationale4--,:5 fle% or fi% is boil$ 9 an op5 vessel1 or "o n closely cov]$1 ! fibr\s texture is r5d]$ m t5d]3 at ! same "t its nutritive quality is n mu* dim9i%$4 ,= ! temp]ature ( ! wat] or /eam1 nev] exce$+ #bab1 is insuffici5t to produce ! p>tial *>r+1 :i* roa/+ & broil+ effect4 ,b1 z 9 /ew+1 ! gelat9e1 album51 osmazome1 & fat1 are develop$ & dis5gag$1 & becom+ unit$ ) ! liquid 9 ! vessel1 =m a s\p1 or bro?4 ,! pal] col\r ( boil$ meat is ow+ to ! blood be+ sep>at$ & diffus$ 9 ! wat]4 ,9 fry+1 ! boil+ fat or oil ent]s into ! int]/ices ( ! fibres1 :i* ! dis5gag$ animal juices h left empty4 ,9 boil+1 9 a simil> way1 ! hot wat] takes ! place ( ! blood1 gelat9e1 fat1 & album51 :i* h be5 dissolv$ & sep>at$ f ! fibres4 ,! fibres are 9 ?is mann] soak$ & wa%$1 fir/ by ! boil+ wat]1 & aft]w>ds by ! s\p or bro? :i* is =m$1 till ! :ole texture assume a s(t5$ consi/5ce1 & pale appe>ance4 ,x is ?is1 r ?an any s(t5+ ( ! fibres !mselves1 :i* seems to be ! real effect produc$1 unless1 ) "s1 we consid] ! fibres z no?+ m ?an m9ute & close-set bundles ( blood vessels4 ,?is doctr9e1 h[ev]1 ! exp]i5ce ( e cook w disprove2 = if ! boil+ be long cont9u$1 ! fibres ( ! meat w alone rema91 & s f> f becom+ m s(t & pulpy1 !y w become dry & juiceless4 ,if inde$ ! boil+ po9t ( ! wat] be artificially increas$ above #bab1 by pressure appli$ to ! surface ( ! liquid1 ! fibres may be r$uc$ to a pulp1 q homog5e\s4 ,:5 ?is is done by ,pap9's dige/]1 or by any o!r app>atus ( ! same k9d1 & :5 ! process "u su* circum/ances is long cont9u$1 ! h>de/ bones may be conv]t$ into jelly4 ,x is only by boil+ t ! m gelat9\s p>ts ( fle% c be completely extract$ unalt]$ f su* p>ts z are c>tilag9\s1 ligam5t\s1 or t5d9\s4 ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,*emical ,,*anges ,,produc$ ,,on ,,animal ,,& ,,vegetable ,,food1 ,,9 ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,processes ,,( ,,cook]y4 ,! pr9cipal op]ations ( cook]y :i* we h j exam9$ & expla9$1 all agree 9 ?is1 t !y effect "s *emical *ange on ! mat]ials op]at$ ^u1 by :i* !y are r5d]$ m dige/ible1 m :olesome1 & consequ5tly m nutritive4 ,9 su* ( ! op]ations z are p]=m$ by ! direct application ( heat to ! fle% ( animals1 namely1 roa/+1 bak+1 fry+1 & broil+1 ! meat loses ! vapid & nause\s ta/e & od\r :i* x possesses 9 a raw /ate1 & becomes sav\ry1 juicy1 & grateful to ! ta/e4 ,^! effects arise f ! developm5t ( ! gelat9e & osmazome f ! small] vessels1 & _! be+ r5d]$ soluble2 :ile1 at ! same "t a portion ( ! fat is liquifi$1 & comb9es ) !m aft] !y are dis5gag$4 ,! fibres aga91 on ! surface ( ! meat1 are p>tly scor*$1 & =m a cru/1 :i*1 except 9 ! int]/ices ( ! corrugations1 is imp]meable1 & consequ5tly prev5ts ! sav\ry gravy t is dis5gag$ f ! fibres f ooz+ out or becom+ evaporat$4 ,x is ?us only dis5gag$ f its *emical union ) ! fibres1 & rema9s me*anically unit$ ) !m 9 ! meat1 aft] x is cook$1 z we see ^u cutt+ into ! fibr\s portion4 ,! effect produc$ on ! fat is some:at diff]5t4 ,! direct application ( fire to ?is portion ( ! meat soon melts "p ( ! sub/ance1 & raises x to ! boil+ po9t1 or ne>ly s2 ! wat] :i* x conta9s is consequ5tly giv5 (f 9 ! =m ( /eam1 & x c>ries ) x a quantity ( osmazome4 ,x is ?is :i* occasions ! peculi> od\r t arises f meat :ile roa/+4 ,! vapid ta/e is also correct$ by ! empyreuma1 comb9$ ) a m9ute quantity ( ammonia1 :i* is soon develop$ on ! surface ( ! fat1 by ! p>tial *>r+--n ( ! fat itself1 b ( ! cellul> membrane 9 :i* x is envelop$4 ,?is /ructure may easily be p]ceiv$ on a slight exam9ation ( a piece ( rec5t fat2 all ! membran\s or sk9ny portions be+ only ! receptacles or ne/s = ! fat itself4 ,& s9ce ^! membranes are = ! mo/ "p exce$+ly ?9 & easily ruptur$1 & s9ce heat increases ! volume ( ! fat :i* !y conta91 ! application ( heat 9 roa/+ or broil+ w soon make all ! membranes bur/ :i* are )9 its influ5ce1 & ?us give a free passage = ! juices to unite ) ea* o!r4 ,!re is1 accord+ to ^! /atem5ts1 b little loss ( ! sub/ance ( meat :5 roa/$ or broil$1 & ! *emical *anges produc$ are s slight1 t ne>ly all its nutritive elem5ts mu/ be pres]v$ & conc5trat$ 9 ! cook$ meat4 ,:5 !re is a wat]y m$ium us$1 ?r\gh :i* heat is appli$ to animal food1 z = example1 9 ! process ( /ew+ or boil+1 a portion ( ! fat1 gelat9e1 & osmazome1 is dissolv$1 & mixes ) ! wat]4 ,nutritive matt] is consequ5tly lo/1 or1 at lea/1 x is transf]r$ f ! meat to ! bro? or s\p4 ,9 ! op]ation ( /ew+ !re is less ( ?is transf] made2 &1 besides1 z ! m$ium is sc>cely kept at a boil+ heat1 less ( ! nutritive juices are dissolv$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! bro? or gravy 9 :i* meat is boil$ is made use (1 z well z ! meat itself1 boil+ is ! mo/ economical practice2 = ?\gh no?+ be add$ except ! wat]1 ?is itself1 if x conta9s no n\ri%m5t1 at lea/ fills ! /oma*1 & s]ves to diffuse m widely ! nutritive juices ( ! meat :i* x holds 9 solution or 9 mixture4 ,b ?\gh boil+ be ?us ! mo/ economical practice1 x is n always to ! ta/e ( individuals1 or ev5 ( :ole nations to use ! bro? or s\p4 ,! ,engli% & ,iri%1 = example1 r>ely foll[ ?is practice1 :ile ! ,scots1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]mans1 pref] x to all o!r modes ( cook+4 ,9 g5]al1 !n1 x %\ld seem1 t roa/+ z x is ! simple/1 is also ! be/ mode ( r5d]+ ! fle% ( animals fit = human food4 ,roa/$ meat is :olesome & highly n\ri%+2 & :5 !re is n too mu* ( ! empyreumatic cru/ =m$1 x is = ! mo/ "p easily dige/$4 ,9 ^! respects1 broil$ meat diff]s little f su* z is roa/$4 ,:at is fri$ is always less t5d]4 ,x is (t5 f\nd t roa/$ or broil$ meat sits m easily on ! /oma*1 & is soon] dige/$ by ^? ^: dige/ive organs are feeble or diseas$1 ?an fri$ or boil$ meat1 or bro?s & /ews4 ,! effects ( ! processes ( cook]y on vegetable sub/ances1 ?\gh usually v slight & simple1 are 9 "s in/ances bo? /rik+ & unexpect$4 ,= example1 "s sorts ( vegetables are extremely acrid & ev5 poison\s 9 _! crude /ate1 & altoge!r unfit = human food2 yet1 by simply boil+ !m 9 wat]1 !y become bl&1 sweet1 & :olesome4 ,sev]al species ( arum 7cuckoo-p9t71 :i* are v acrid1 & w\ld be dang]\s to use raw1 become q palatable pot-h]bs :5 boil$4 ,_! acrimony mu/ reside 9 a v volatile pr9ciple1 :i*1 dur+ ! boil+1 makes its escape1 or is *emically alt]$2 b ! nature ( ?is pr9ciple has n yet be5 accurately inve/igat$ by *emi/s4 ,a m famili> example ?an ?is is f\nd 9 onions1 leeks1 & g>lick1 ^: acrimony & /rong od\r c be almo/ de/roy$1 or r driv5 (f by a suffici5tly long application ( heat1 ei!r directly1 or ?r\gh ! m$ium ( wat]4 ,_m o!r in/ances c\ld be giv51 b we %all cont5t ourselves ) "o m4 ,e body kn[s t potatoes1 9 a raw /ate1 are nause\s & unpalatable4 ,x is n1 p]haps1 s g5]ally kn[n t ! potatoe1 7solanum tub]osum17 belongs to ! night-%ade g5us ( plants1 :i* are all m or less poison\s4 ,if potatoes 7 us$ raw1 9 any quantity1 !y w\ld be delet]i\s to man2 nor does x disprove ?is t cattle eat !m ) impunity1 z %eep & goats eat plants mu* m /rongly poison\s to man1 su* z hemlockdropwort1 o5an! crocata2 & wat]hemlock1 phel&rium aquaticum4 ,by boil+ or roa/+1 h[ev]1 all ! unpalatable & all ! un:olesome qualities ( ! potatoe are *ang$1 & x becomes f>9ace\s1 :olesome1 dige/ible1 & highly nutriti\s4 ,yet1 al?\gh ?is *ange is rem>kable1 & c\ld sc>cely h be5 anticipat$1 v little is lo/ & no?+ is add$ to ! potatoe by ei!r roa/+ or boil+1 yet its imm$iate con/itu5t p>ts h evid5tly suff]$ a v great *emical alt]ation1 *iefly1 9 consequ5ce x %\ld seem1 f ! f>9ace\s sub/ance be+ act$ on by wat]4 ,vegetables1 :5 us$ z food1 are mo/ commonly boil$1 & seldom bak$ or roa/$4 ,salads1 inde$1 are eat5 raw1 )\t any application ( heat4 ,! *emical action ( heat on pot-h]bs1 on escul5t roots1 & legum9\s se$s1 does n appe> to be conf9$ to ! m]e s(t5+ ( _! fibres1 or to ! solution or coagulation ( "s ( _! juices & compon5t p>ts2 = we h j n[ se5 t _! flav\r1 & o!r s5sible qualities1 z well z _! texture1 suff] a rem>kable *emical *ange1 :i* greatly improves _! alim5t>y prop]ties4 ,9 ! cook+ ( vegetables1 sac*>9e matt] is (t5 =m$1 or mucilage & jelly extract$2 & ! :ole sub/ance is on t acc\nt r5d]$ m palatable1 :olesome1 & n\ri%+4 ,^! effects are v well exemplifi$ 9 ! *anges :i* take place 9 fl\r :5 conv]t$ into bread2#bd :i* diff]s mat]ially f fl\r pa/e1 insomu* t ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! unbak$ d\gh c no long] be sep>at$ by ! processes employ$ 9 *emical analysis4 #bd ,a treatise on ! art ( mak+ good & :olesome bread ( :eat1 oats1 rye1 b>ley1 & o!r f>9ace\s gra91 exhibit+ ! alim5t>y prop]ties & *emical con/itution ( diff]5t k9ds ( bread corn1 & ( ! v>i\s sub/itutes us$ = bread1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 p4 #eh1 #ahba4 ,vegetable sub/ances are mo/ commonly boil$ or bak$2 or1 if occasionly fri$ or roa/$1 !re is always mu* wat] pres5t1 :i* prev5ts ! great] action ( ! fire f p5etrat+ bel[ ! surface4 ,! univ]sal effect ( cook]y by boil+ ^u vegetable sub/ances1 is to dissolve 9 ! wat] "s ( _! con/itu5ts1 su* z ! mucilage & />*1 & to r5d] ^? t are n prop]ly soluble1 z ! glut5 & fibre1 s(t] & m pulpy4 ,,comp>ative ,,dim9ution ,,( ,,! ,,weight ,,( ,,meat ,,9 ,,cook+4 ,x is evid5t1 t :e!r ! heat be appli$ directly or indirectly = cook+ animal food1 !re mu/ be a consid]able dim9ution ( weight4 ,9 ! cook+ ( animal sub/ances 9 public in/itutions1 :]e ! all[ance ( meat is g5]ally weigh$ out 9 its raw /ate1 & includes bones1 & is s]v$ out cook$1 & sometimes )\t bone1 x is a matt] ( importance to asc]ta9 ne>ly _! relative proportions4 ,mu*1 no d\bt1 dep5ds ^u ! piece ( ! meat cook$1 & ! degree ( cook]y1 & ! att5tion be/[$ on x4 ,p]sons :o salt r\nds ( beef to sell by retail1 aft] x is boil$1 get #ai lbs4 ( cold boil$ beef f #be lbs4 raw2 b ! meat is always r und]done4 ,messrs4 ,donk9 & ,gamble boil$ 9 /eam #ef lbs4 ( capta9's salt beef2 ! meat1 :5 cold1 )\t ! bones1 :i* am\nt$ to #e lbs4 #f oz4 weigh$ only #ce lbs4 ,9 ano!r exp]im5t1 #aac lbs4 ( prime mess beef1 gave #i lbs4 #aj oz4 ( bones1 & #dg lbs4 #h oz4 meat2 & 9 a ?ird1 #bac lbs4 mess beef gave #ac lbs4 #h oz4 bones1 & #ajc lbs4 #aj oz4 meat2 or1 tak5 9 ! aggregate1 #cgb lbs4 ( salt beef1 includ+ bones1 furni%1 :5 boil$1 #ahf lbs4 #b oz41 )\t bone1 be+ ab\t #ej p] c5t42 or1 disreg>d+ ! bone altoge!r1 salt meat loses1 by boil+1 ab\t #dd4b p] cwt4 or ne>ly half4 ,we are indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,wallace 7( ,ed9burgh7 = ! detail ( a v accurate & ext5sive exp]im5t 9 a public e/abli%m5t1 ( :i* ! results 71 t1 9 pieces ( #aj lbs4 weight1 ea* #ajj lbs4 ( ,,beef lo/1 on an av]age1 by boil+1 #bf4d2 bak+1 #cj4b2 & roa/+1 #cb4b3 ,,mutton1 ! leg1 by boil+1 #ba4d2 by roa/+ ! %\ld]1 #ca4a2 ! neck1 #cb4d2 ! lo91 #ce4i4 ,h5ce1 g5]ally speak+1 mutton loses1 by boil+1 ab\t "o-fif? ( its orig9al weight1 & beef ab\t "o-f\r?2 aga91 mutton & beef lose1 by roa/+1 ab\t "o-?ird ( _! orig9al weight4 ,! loss arises1 9 roa/+1 f ! melt+ out ( ! fat & ! evaporation ( ! wat]y "p ( ! juices1 b ! nutriti\s matt]s rema9 cond5s$ 9 ! solid meat :5 cook$2 b 9 boil+1 ! loss arises p>tly f fat melt$ out1 b *iefly f gelat9e & osmazome becom+ dissolv$ 9 ! wat] 9 :i* ! meat is boil$2 !re is1 !re=e1 a real loss ( nutritive matt] 9 boil+1 unless ! bro? be us$1 :5 ?is mode ( cook+ becomes ! mo/ economical4 ,,prim>y ,,or ,,*ief ,,di%es ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,table4 ,! pr9cipal or *ief di%es t are prep>$ = ! ,engli% table1 :at ! sci5tific cooks = ! m>%als & g5]als ( ,france w\ld t]m di%es ( ! fir/ ord]1 are few 9 numb]4 ,fle%1 f[l & fi%1 roa/$1 boil$ or fri$1 accompani$ by "s simple & easy made pudd+s & pies1 are ! prim>y di%es ( an ,engli% table4 ,s\ps & bro?s are less g5]ally made use (2 & ! fle%1 f[l & fi%1 s]v$ up 9 made di%es1 are1 l ! "l mayor 9 8 /ate coa*1 g5]ally less notic$ ?an ! att5dants4 ,,bro? ,may be def9$ a weak decoction ( meat1 slightly season$ ) ! addition ( aromatic h]bs1 roots or spices1 9 :i* ! flav\r ( ! meat greatly pr$om9ates4 ,to produce a high flav\r$ bro?1 x is ess5tial t ! boil+ ( ! meat be mod]ate1 & cont9u$ = "s "t2 ! simm]+ %\ld be done 9 a vessel ne>ly clos$4 ,cooks consid] x ess5tial t ! bro? be cle>2 ! scum1 or album5 ( ! meat1 :i* becomes coagulat$ & rises to ! surface dur+ ! boil+1 mu/ !re=e be remov$ f "t to "t4 ,! meat employ$ = bro? 7& also = s\p & gravy71 %\ld be fre%1 = if 9 ! slighte/ degree ta9t$ or mu/y1 x infallibly communicates a v disagreeable ta/e to ! bro?2 besides1 fre% meat gives a m sav\ry bro? ?an meat t has be5 kept = two or ?ree days4 ,x is also advisable to score ! meat & to cut x into slices1 or to bruise x ) a mallet or cleav]4 ,two p\nds ( muscul> beef scor$ & cut into slices1 af=ds a /rong] & f> m sav\ry bro?1 ?an #c lbs4 ( ! same beef :5 boil$ 9 "o piece4 ,cooks usually all[ = good bro?1 "o p\nd ( muscul> meat1 to two qu>ts ( wat]1 & !y suff] ! fluid to simm] till r$uc$1 by evaporation1 to "o p9t1 or "o p9t & a half4 ,a second decoction may be made by aga9 cov]+ ! meat ) a less quantity ( wat]1 & suff]+ x to boil1 tak+ c>e to supply ! wat] f "t to "t z x becomes evaporat$4 ,?is rem9ds u ( ,rabelais1 ! humor\s vic> ( ,meudon1 :o di/+ui%es1 9 8 jocose way1 two sorts ( bro?s4 7,b\illon de ,prime17 prime-bro?2 & bro? good = h\nds2 7,b\illon de levri]s17 ! mean+ ( :i* /&s z foll[s4#be ,! fir/ designates t premature delibation ( bro? :i* ! "y monks 9 ! conv5t us$ to /eal1 :5 !y c\ld1 f ! kit*51 9 _! way to ! *oir at ! h\r ( 8,prime10 a s]vice :i* 0 p]=m$ at ab\t sev5 or eight 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! porridge-pot1 ) all its +r$i5ts1 _h be5 boil+ = ! space ( "o or two h\rs1 & :5 ! bro?1 full ( eyes swimm+ g5tly on ! gold5 surface1 _h already obta9$ an int]e/+ appe>ance & ta/e4 ,on ! contr>y1 greyh\nd's bro?1 7,b\illon de levri]s17 means t portion ( ! porridge :i* 0 s]v$ to ! novices aft] an ample presumption 9 fav\r ( ! ,magnates ( ! mona/]y4 ,?is 0 good = no?+1 & monks ( inf]ior ranks 7 ready to ?r[ x to ! dogs4 #be ,tabella ,cib>ia1 p4 #bc4 ,! flav\r+ +r$i5ts1 :i* are usually ! dome/ic pot-h]bs & indig5\s roots1 su* z cell]y1 c>rots1 c4 %\ld be add$ at ! end ( ! process1 to prev5t _! aromatic sub/ances becom+ dissipat$ by long simm]+4 ,dr4 ,kit*5]#bf says1 8meat f :i* bro? has be5 made1 is excell5tly well prep>$ = pott+1 & is q z good1 or bett] ?an t :i* has be5 boil$1 till x is dry40 #bf ,! ,cook's ,oracle1 p4 #ajc4 ,,s\p4 ,s\ps are decoctions ( meat :i* diff] f bro?1 9 be+ m conc5trat$1 & usually also m complex 9 _! composition4 ,!y are 9 fact /rong bro?s1 conta9+ ei!r f>9ace\s roots & se$s1 or o!r p>ts ( vegetable sub/ances4 ,! erudite editor ( ! 8,almana* des ,g\rm&s0#bg tells u1 t t5 folio volumes w\ld n conta9 ! receipts ( all ! s\ps t h be5 inv5t$ 9 t gr& s*ool ( good eat+1 ! ,p>isian kit*54 ,! au?or ( ,apicius ,r$ivivus#bh says 8! g5]al fault ( our ,engli% s\ps seems to be ! employm5t ( an excess ( spice1 & too small a portion ( roots & h]bs40 8,po9t des ,legumes1 po9t de ,cuis9i]e10 is des]v$ly ! common adage ( ! ,fr5* kit*54 ,a bett] s\p may be made ) a c\ple ( p\nds ( meat1 & pl5ty ( vegetables1 ?an our common cooks w make ) f\r times t quantity ( meat4 ,! great art ( compos+ a ri* s\p consi/s 9 s proportion+ ! sev]al flav\r+ +r$i5ts1 t no p>ticul> ta/e pr$om9ates40--,"o p\nd & a half ( meat at lea/ ought to be all[$ = mak+ a qu>t ( s\p4 ,! full flav\r c only be obta9$ by long & sl[ simm]+ ! meat1 dur+ :i* "t ! vessel %\ld be kept cov]$ to prev5t ! evaporation ( ! fluid z mu* z possible4 #bg ,vol4 ,,ii4 page #cj4 #bh ,or ! ,cook's ,oracle1 #b;d edit4 ,vol4 #ig4 ,! flav\r+ +r$i5ts %\ld n be add$ till t5 or fifte5 m9utes be=e ! s\p is f9i%$4 ,cle> s\ps %\ld be p]fectly transp>5t1 & ?ick5$ s\ps1 %\ld be ( ! consi/5ce ( cream4 ,! s\p1 says a writ]1 on ,cook]y1 might be call$ ! portal ( ! edifice ( a ,fr5* d9n]1 ei!r pla9 or sumptu\s4 ,x is a s9e qua non article4 ,x leads to ! sev]al c\rses con/itut+ ! ess5ce ( ! repa/1 & lays ! unsophi/icat$ f\ndation ^u :i* ! :ole is to re/1 z ^u a solid basis1 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ :olesome food t c be us$2 & ! gaunt1 yet /rong frame ( ! ,fr5* soldi]y1 has long exp]i5c$ ! b5efit ( x4 ,!y vulg>ly say1 8,c'e/ la s\pe qui fait le ,soldat40 #8,x is ! s\p t makes ! soldi]4' ,p>tial to ?is mess1 !y h x daily 9 b>racks1 9 _! m>*es1 & 9 ! camp2 & !y (t5 swall[ a l>ge b[l ( bro? & bread1 9 ! morn+ a few m9utes be=e ! trumpets calls !m to ! field ( battle4 ,,pies ,are ^? di%es :i* consi/ ei!r ( meat1 or ( fruit1 cov]$ ) a f>9ace\s cru/1 enri*$ ) butt] or o!r fat1 & r5d]$ fit = eat+ by bak+4 ,! cru/ ( ! pie is usually made ( two p>ts by weight ( :eat5 fl\r1 & "o "p ( butt]1 l>d1 or o!r fat4 ,! fl\r is made into a /iff pa/e ) cold wat]1 & roll$ out on a bo>d ) a pa/e p9 to ! ?ickness ( ab\t "o qu>t] ( an in*1 ! bo>d be+ previ\sly spr9kl$ ov] ) fl\r to prev5t ! d\gh f /ick+ to ! bo>d4 ,ab\t "o-six? "p ( ! butt]1 9 pieces ( ! size ( a nutmeg1 is put ov] ! ext5d$ pa/e1 & ! :ole aga9 du/$ ) fl\r2 ! pa/e is !n d\bl$ up & roll$ out z be=e4 ,a l portion ( butt] is aga9 di/ribut$ ov] ! pa/e1 :i*1 aft] be+ d\bl$ up1 is roll$ out1 & ! same op]ation is repeat$ till ! :ole quantity ( butt] is ?us incorporat$ ) ! fl\r4 ,"p ( ! pa/e is !n laid1 "o qu>t] or half an in* 9 ?ickness1 ov] ! inside ( a deep di% 9 :i* ! pie is to be bak$1 & ! meat1 cut 9 *ops or slices1 is put into ! di%1 toge!r ) ! season+s1 & a portion ( wat] or gravy1 ab\t "o tea cup full1 to "o p\nd ( meat4 ,! cont5ts ( ! bas9 are !n cov]$ ) a lid1 made ( ! rema9d] ( ! pa/e1 roll$ out r ?ick] ?an ! inside l9+ ( ! di%1 & ! lid is made to adh]e to ! inside %eet+1 :i* %\ld ext5d ov] ! rim ( ! di%1 by press+ ! top pa/e close ^u ! m>g94 ,a few small holes are !n made 9 ! top cru/1 & ! pie is put 9 ! ov54 ,! bak+ %\ld be sl[4 ,if ! pie be put into a hot ov51 ! cru/ becomes h>d1 & _m a cook is blam$ = mak+ bad pies1 :5 ! fault really lies ) ! bak]4 ,a light & flaky pie cru/ c only be produc$ by ! judici\s application 9 ! mann] /at$1 ( ! butt]1 or fatty matt]4 ,by ?is means ! butt] is di/ribut$1 9 di/9ct lay]s1 ?r\gh ! mass ( ! pie cru/4 ,! fl\r du/$ ov] ea* lay] prev5ts ! pa/e =m+ "o mass1 or1 z x is call$1 becom+ heavy4 ,! m frequ5tly1 !re=e1 ! pa/e is roll$ out ) butt]1 l>d1 or o!r fat1 int]pos$ betwe5 ea* lay]1 provid$ ! lay]s are du/$ ov] ) fl\r1 ! m flaky w be ! pie2 & h5ce1 also1 by increas+ ! quantity ( butt]1 to a c]ta9 limit1 ! flak5ess ( ! pie cru/ becomes increas$4 ,pa/ry cooks usually all[ f t5 to twelve ounces ( butt] to "o p\nd ( fl\r = mak+ a light puff pa/e1 su* z !y use = t>ts & patties4 ,,pudd+s ,are ( two k9ds2 ! fir/ consi/s ( a f>9ace\s d\gh1 conta9+ a portion ( butt] or o!r fat1 inclos+ any k9d ( meat or fruit1 & r5d]$ eatable by boil+2 x may be t]m$ a boil$ pie4 ,! pa/e = a meat pudd+ is usually made ) beef suet1 or m>r[1 "o "p ( x *opp$ z f9e z possible1 & intimately mix$ ) f\r p>ts by weight ( fl\r1 is made into a pa/e ) wat] or milk4 ,) ?is pa/e1 a pudd+ m\ld or bas91 previ\sly rubb$ ) butt] )91 is l9$1 & ! meat is add$ to fill up ! vacancy4 ,a lid ( pa/e is n[ put ov] ! meat1 & made to adh]e to ! m>g9 ( ! di%4 ,! :ole is !n ti$ ov] ) a wett$ clo?1 du/$ ) fl\r to prev5t ! d\gh /ick+ to x1 & !n boil$ 9 wat] till ! pudd+ is suffici5tly cook$4 ,! o!r k9d ( pudd+ is a batt] compos$ ( eggs1 butt] & fl\r1 or any o!r f>9ace\s sub/ance1 occasionally enri*$ ) ! admixture ( fruit1 sug>1 & spices1 & r5d]$ eatable ei!r by boil+ 9 ! mann] /at$1 or by bak+ 9 an ov54 ,,made ,,di%es1 ,s call$ to di/+ui% !m f pla91 roa/$1 boil$1 or fri$ meat2 are usually compos$ ( fle%1 fi%1 p\ltry1 or vegetables1 /ew$ ) gravy1 butt]1 cream1 or o!r sav\ry sauces4 ,! composition ( made di%es is g5]ally f pr9t$ or writt5 receipts1 except :5 done by :at are t]m$ pr(ess$ cooks1 :o1 und]/&+ completely _! bus9ess1 foll[ _! own judgm5t1 9 aid ( ! receipt4 ,!re is a mi/ake v common 9 suppos+ t !re is a great difficulty 9 cook+ su* di%es1 ?\gh !re is inde$ mu* tr\ble2 b if a mi/ake is made1 x c 9 g5]al be rem$i$1 :i* is n ! case 9 ! m]e simple op]ations ( roa/+ & boil+1 :]e a mi/ake is v (t5 irrep>able4 ,:5 we take a view ( ! *emical composition ( made di%es1 we soon p]ceive t !y are all comp\nds ( animal & vegetable sub/ances1 r5d]$ sapid or agreeable to ! palate by /rong decoctions ( meat1 gravy1 & spices1 ( v>i\s descriptions2 all ( !m ab\nd 9 animal gelat9e & vegetable mucilage1 or f>9ace\s matt]1 r5d]$ soluble 9 wat]4 ,! quantity ( spices is g5]ally small1 8#bi_! pres5ce %\ld be r suppos$ ?an p]ceiv$1 !y are ! invisible _s ( good cook]y40 #bi ,dr4 ,kit*9]'s ,cook's ,oracle1 p4 #dic4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,made ,,di%es4 ,made di%es are sometimes v exp5sive1 & sometimes v economical1 = rag\ts & fricassees are (t5 mu* less exp5sive ?an ! pla9 di%es made ( ! same mat]ial1 t is1 a giv5 weight ( meat w g f>!r ?an if pla9ly roa/$ or boil$4 ,fr5* cook]y consi/s ne>ly altoge!r ( made di%es1 bo? ) ! ri* & poor4 ,! ri* h !m to gratify ! palate1 & ! poor1 = ! sake ( economy4 ,_m circum/ances comb9e to prev5t made di%es f becom+ ( v g5]al or frequ5t use 9 ,engl&4 ,! c>e1 att5tion1 & l5g? ( "t necess>y = prep>+ !m1 are incompatible ) ! dome/ic affairs & usages ( life 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e "t is f> m preci\s ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry2 x is = t reason1 mo/ probably1 t all ! op]ations ( ,engli% cook]y are su* z c be p]=m$ exp$iti\sly4 ,! ,engli% cooks1 bo? 9 ! middl+ & l[] ranks1 are g5]ally 9 a hurry to get a d9n] dress$4 ,! ,fr5* cooks1 on ! contr>y1 beg9 9 ! morn+ e>ly1 & ev5 9 ! h\se ( ! simple ,b\rgois1 ! d9n] beg9s to be cook$ imm$iately aft] breakfa/4 ,! sup]ior exp$ition1 & inf]ior degree ( skill :i* di/+ui% ,engli% f ,fr5* cook]y1 w\ld be suffici5t alone to give ! =m] ! pref]5ce 9 ?is c\ntry2 b !re are a numb] ( o!r circum/ances t h ! same t5d5cy4 ,a good table is a /udy 9 ,france3 x is ) ! ma/] a gr& object 9 life1 & ) ! cooks a con/ant employm5t1 l our j\rneym5 9 a manufactory4 ,) u1 aga91 ! d9n] is readily prep>$1 & exp$iti\sly eat54 ,x is despat*$ l a piece ( bus9ess 9 ?is c\ntry2 b 9 ,france1 & m or less all ov] ! ,cont95t1 p d9e z if !y _h a pleasure 9 d9+2 !y conv]se m dur+ ! repa/ ?an almo/ at any o!r "t1 & !y nev] hurry x ov] z if !y 7 9 ha/e to be done1 & z if !y _h bus9ess always on _! m9d1 & 7 reflect+ on ! say+1 s common & s true1 t 8"t is money40 ,x is curi\s en\gh1 h[ev]1 to rem>k1 t ! ,fr5*1 :o sit s long1 & enjoy !mselves s leisurely at d9n]1 rise1 imm$iately aft] ! dess]t1 f ! table1 & are ready = bus9ess2 & t ! ,engli%1 :o hurry ! d9n] ov]1 pass :ole h\rs ov] ! bottle z if "t 7 ( no value4 ,su* are ! inconsi/5cies ( mank9d1 aris+ f diff]5t ta/es & diff]5t circum/ances4 ,! con/ruction ( our kit*5 grates & fire places1 & ! nature ( ! fuel we burn1 are unfav\rable to ! sl[ & regul> simm]+ ) :i* made di%es are prep>$2 &1 at ! same "t1 t !y are unfav\rable = made di%es1 !y are exactly :at is want$ = ,engli% cook]y4 ,! con/ruction ( ! grates1 toge!r ) ! nature ( ! fuel1 produce a fi]ce scor*+ fire1 s t ! direct rays ( heat may be made to imp+e on ! sub/ance to be cook$4 ,9 ,france1 roa/+ l>ge jo9ts is almo/ impracticable ) ! =m & nature ( ! fire2 s t x does n appe> t ta/e or w has be5 ! only guide 9 ! mode ( cook+ 9 ei!r c\ntry2 b t ! practices mo/ suitable to circum/ances h be5 a *ief cause ( ! great diff]5ce ( ! mann] ( dress+ victuals4 ,engli% m$ical m5 h always be5 at great pa9s to condemn made di%es z injuri\s to heal?2 b ! ,fr5* physicians h be5 ( a diff]5t op9ion1 & if exp]i5tia docet is a true prov]b1 !y ought to be ! be/ judges3 b ^? :o h be5 us$ to bo?1 w all[ t !y are less heavy1 & ! /oma* seems to be less encumb]$ aft] ! ,fr5* d9n] on made di%es1 ?an ! ,engli% "o on s+le jo9ts4 ,9 made di%es1 :]e but*]'s meat ent]s1 z al?\gh ! *ief +r$i5t is g5]ally mu* m done1 to use ! common phrase1 none ( its nutritive sub/ances are lo/2 b z ! argum5ts = & aga9/ ! real ?+s ( "o or ! o!r is n to be det]m9$ by reason1 & has n be5 det]m9$ by exp]i5ce1 x w\ld be absurd to give an op9ion on ! subject4 ,x may be well en\gh1 h[ev]1 to obs]ve1 t ! dispute ab\t :at are ! mo/ heal?y di%es1 probably arises f diff]5ce ( ta/es1 & f ^? ?+s to :i* ! /oma* has n be5 accu/om$1 n agree+ ) x at fir/2 s t mo/ p on f9d+ x s1 if !y c avoid do+ x1 nev] repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,! case is ! same ) ,=eign]s z ) ,engli%m51 = _! /oma*s d n at fir/ f9d our di%es agree ) !m4 ,,gravy4 ,:5 ! muscul> "p ( meat is gradually expos$ to a v mod]ate heat1 suffici5t to br[n ! out] fibres1 ! gelat9e1 osmazome1 & o!r animal juices ( x1 become dis5gag$1 & sep>at$ 9 a liquid /ate1 & con/itute a fluid ( a br[n col\r1 possess+ a highly sav\ry & grateful ta/e4 ,h5ce gravy is ! soluble con/itu5t or liquid "p ( meat1 :i*1 spontane\sly1 exudes f fle%1 :5 gradually expos$ to a cont9u$ heat suffici5t to corrugate ! animal fibre4 ,flav\r+ vegetables are (t5 add$1 & fri$ ) ! meat1 su* z slic$ onions1 c>rots or cell]y1 till !y are t5d]1 toge!r ) "s spices & ! usual condim5ts4 ,to extract gravy1 ! meat is cut into ?9 slices1 or x is scor$1 & ! fibres are bruis$ ) a mallet4 ,x is !n usually season$1 ) pepp] & salt1 & expos$ 9 a pan conta9+ a small quantity ( butt]1 or o!r fat1 7or )\t any fat17 to ! action ( a gradual heat1 j suffici5t to br[n ! out] fibre /rongly4 ,! juices ( ! meat1 :i* are ?us dur+ ! fry+ process1 copi\sly dis5gag$1 are suff]$ to rema9 expos$ to ! action ( heat till !y h assum$ ! consi/5ce ( a ?9 cream1 & a br[n col\r4 ,a small portion ( wat] is !n add$ to re-dissolve ! extract$ mass1 & aft] ! :ole has be5 suff]$ to simm] ) ! spices & roots = a %ort "t1 toge!r ) an additional quantity ( wat]1 ! liquid is /ra9$ (f ?r\gh a sieve4 ,if ! gravy be int5d$ = made di%es1 x is cu/om>y to give x ! consi/5ce ( cream1 by means ( ?ick5+ pa/e4 7,see p4 #afj47 ,! meat is capable ( furni%+ an additional quantity ( gravy4 ,x is !re=e cov]$ ) wat] & suff]$ to simm] = ab\t "o h\r1 or till ! fluid is r$uc$ to "o half its bulk4 ,"o p\nd & a qu>t] ( lean beef1 or "o p\nd & a half ( veal1 w af=d "o p9t ( /rong gravy4 ,:5 bro?1 s\ps1 or gravy1 are pres]v$ f day to day1 9 hot wea!r1 !y %\ld be w>m$ up e day1 & put into fre% scald$ pans1 ?is r5d]s !m less liable to spoil4 ,,sauces4 8,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( all1 ,is :at +5i\s cooks1 ! reli% call2 ,= :5 ! m>kets s5d 9 loads ( food1 ,!y all are ta/eless till t makes !m good40 ,dr4 ,k+'s ,art ( ,cook]y4 ,sauces are int5d$ to height5 ! ta/e & give a sav\ry flav\r to a di%1 fle%1 fi%1 f[l1 or vegetables4 ,9 ,engl& !re is little v>iety 9 ^? k9d ( reli%es1 & x 0 obs]v$ by a =eign]1 ) a good deal ( wit1 & a great deal ( tru?1 8t ! ,engli% _h a great v>iety ( =ms ( religion & no v>iety 9 _! sauces2 :]eas1 9 ,france !y _h uni=mity 9 ! =m]1 & an inf9ite v>iety 9 ! latt]40 ,melt$ butt] is ! gr& & *ief basis ( mo/ ,engli% sauces4 ,melt$ butt] & oy/]s1 melt$ butt] & p>sley1 melt$ butt] & an*ovies1 melt$ butt] & eggs1 melt$ butt] & %rimps1 melt$ butt] & lob/]s1 melt$ butt] & cap]s1 are ne>ly all ! sauces us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,besides ^!1 ! foll[+ flav\r+ sub/ances are 9 common use3 viz4 mu%rooms1 onions1 spices1 sweet h]bs1 w9e1 soy1 & ! usual condim5ts1 b melt$ butt]1 gravy1 or "s f>9ace\s mucilage1 =m ! basis ( all sauces4 ,^! sub/ances comb9$ 9 diff]5t proportions are q suffici5t to make an endless v>iety ( picquant sauces1 z pleasant to ! palate & /oma*1 z ! mo/ comp\nd =eign sauces 9 :i* e ?+ has ! same ta/e1 & none its own ta/e4 ,! aim ( ! ,engli% cooks1 z f> z x reg>ds sauces1 appe>s to be to let e sauce display a decid$ "*1 s z to ta/e only ( ! mat]ial f :i* x d]ives its "n4 ,comp\nd sauces are seldom employ$1 b 9 ! le>n$ =eign di%es4 ,:at has be5 obs]v$1 relative to "t us$ 9 ! article1 ( made di%es1 namely1 t x 0 9 ?is c\ntry too valuable to be be/[$ on eat+1 or on prep>+ to eat1 applies also 9 ! case ( mak+ sauces4 ,no?+ c be made m easily ?an ! ,engli% sauces1 b ! v>iety ( ,fr5* sauces are great1 & mu* skill & "t are necess>y = prep>+ mo/ ( !m4 ,,?ick5+ ,,pa/e ,,= ,,bro?1 ,,s\p1 ,,gravy1 ,,& ,,made ,,di%es4 ,x is cu/om>y to ?ick5 "s di%es ) a comp\nd ( two p>ts ( fl\r & "o ( butt]1 fir/ made into a pa/e by heat+ sl[ly ! +r$i5ts 9 a pan1 till ! mass acquires a yell[ gold col\r1 ! fl\r & butt] be+ /irr$ all ! "t to prev5t ! mass f burn+ to ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,! sub/ance ?us obta9$ is call$ ?ick5+1 or ?ick5+ pa/e1 = x is ! basis employ$ by cooks = ?ick5+ s\ps1 gravies1 /ews1 sauces1 & o!r di%es4 ,! mass readily comb9es ) wat]2 a l>ge table spoonful is suffici5t to ?ick5 a qu>t ( meat bro?4 ,besides ?is ?ick5+ pa/e1 o!r f>9ace\s sub/ances are employ$ = t purpose1 su* z bread rasp+s1 crumbs ( /ale bread1 biscuit p[d]1 potatoe mucilage1 oatmeal1 sago p[d]1 rice p[d]1 c4 ,a c[-heel1 on acc\nt ( ! va/ quantity ( gelat9e ) :i* x ab\nds1 is excell5tly well calculat$ = giv+ body to s\ps3 ! c[-heel1 aft] be+ crack$1 is boil$ ) ! bro? or s\p4 ,,col\r+ ,,= ,,bro?1 ,,s\p1 ,,gravies1 ,,& ,,made ,,di%es4 ,! sub/ance employ$ = col\r+ s\ps1 gravies1 bro?s1 & o!r di%es1 requir+ a br[n col\r1 is burnt sug>4 ,?is imp>ts to ! di% a f9e yell[i% br[n t+e1 )\t giv+ any s5sible flav\r to ! di%4 ,eight ounces ( p[d]$ lump sug>1 & two or ?ree table spoonfuls ( wat]1 are suff]$ to boil g5tly 9 an iron pan1 till ! mass has assum$ a d>k br[n col\r1 :i* takes place :5 all ! wat] is evaporat$1 & ! sug> beg9s to be p>tly *>r$ by ! action ( ! heat4 ,! mass is !n remov$ f ! fire1 & ab\t a qu>t] ( a p9t ( wat] is gradually add$ to effect a solution4 ,! fluid ?us obta9$ is ( a syrupy consi/5ce1 & ( a f9e d>k br[n col\r2 a small quantity gives to bro?1 s\p1 or gravy1 a bright orange col\r1 )\t alt]+ s5sibly ! flav\r ( ! di%4 ,"s cooks add to x mu%room catsup & port w9e4 ,,/ock ,,= ,,mak+ ,,extemporane\s ,,bro?1 ,,s\p1 ,,or ,,gravy4 ,! "n ( /ock is giv5 to meat jelly produc$ f a decoction ( meat1 s highly conc5trat$ t ! fluid1 :5 cold1 exhibits an ela/ic tremul\s consi/5ce4 ,! meat is sl[ly boil$ 9 wat]1 ) ! cu/om>y season+s1 z pot h]bs1 or escul5t roots1 & ! decoction skimm$1 & cont9u$ to simm] till x is *>g$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( animal matt] to =m a jelly :5 cold2 ?is degree ( conc5tration is kn[n by remov+1 f "t to "t1 a portion ( ! fluid1 & suff]+ x to cool4 ,:5 ! decoction has be5 s f> conc5trat$1 x is /ra9$ (f ?r\gh a sieve & suff]$ to repose1 t ! insoluble "p1 if any1 may subside4 ,:5 ?is has be5 effect$1 ! cle> fluid is suff]$ to cool1 :i* causes ! fatty matt] x conta9s to become collect$ at ! surface1 :]e x =ms a cake or cru/1 :i* is to be remov$4 ,! sub/ance und]nea? is a tremul\s jelly2 x is call$ fir/ /ock1 or long bro?1 7,le gr& b\illon ( ! ,fr5* kit*574 ,if ! jelly be n transp>5t x is re-melt$ by a g5tle heat1 & cl>ifi$ by ! addition ( ! :ite ( eggs add$ to x1 z soon z x is liquifi$4 ,?is sub/ance becom+ coagulat$ at ! boil+ heat1 entangles ) x ! p>ts me*anically diffus$ ?r\gh ! jelly1 & rises to ! top z a d5se scum4 ,x may !n be remov$ by a skimm]4 ,! "n ( second-/ock 7,jus de buf ( ! ,fr5*7 is giv5 to a m conc5trate jelly ( meat made 9 a simil> mann]4 ,x is *iefly employ$ z ! basis ( all sav\ry made di%es & ri* sauces1 :il/ ! =m] s]ves = mak+ extemporane\s s\ps4 ,second /ock is usually prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,put into a /ew-pan ab\t half a p\nd ( lean bacon or ham1 a few c>rots & onions1 two or ?ree cloves1 ab\t six or eight p\nds ( lean beef1 & a %9 ( beef ( ab\t ! same weight1 break ! bone1 & hav+ scor$ ! meat1 suff] x to simm] ov] a v g5tle fire1 ) ab\t two qu>ts ( fir/ /ock1 or bett] put x into an ov51 & suff] x to /ew1 till ! liquid assumes a light br[n col\r4 ,:5 ?is has tak5 place1 add to ! mass six qu>ts ( boil+ wat]1 suff] x to boil up g5tly1 & remove ! scum z x rises2 & suff] x to evaporate till r$uc$ to ab\t ?ree qu>ts1 !n /ra9 x ?r\gh a sieve1 & cl>ify x z be=e direct$4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,meat4 ,! fle% ( animals :i* are sudd5ly kill$ :5 9 high heal?1 s f> z ! palate is conc]n$1 is n yet fit = ! table1 al?\gh fully nutriti\s & 9 p]fection = mak+ s\p2 because sometime aft] ! dea?1 ! muscul> p>ts suff] contraction--_! fibres become rigid4 ,:5 ?is has tak5 place1 ! fle% is n long 9 exp]i5c+ ! comm5cem5t ( ^? *emical *anges :i* t]m9ate 9 putrefaction2 & x is ( ! utmo/ importance1 9 dome/ic economy1 to take c>e t all l>ge jo9ts ( meat be 9 ?is int]m$iate /ate :5 !y are cook$3 = no skill 9 ! cul9>y art w comp5sate = neglig5ce 9 ?is po9t1 z e "o mu/ h (t5 exp]i5c$ to 8 great disappo9tm5t4 ,! degree ( int5]ation may be kn[n by ! fle% yield+ readily to ! pressure ( ! f+]1 & by its oppos+ little resi/ance to an attempt to b5d ! jo9t4 ,p\ltry also ?us "p readily ) _! fea!rs2 & x w\ld be advisable to leave a few :5 ! bird is pluck$1 9 ord] to assi/ 9 det]m9+ _! /ate4 ,! foll[+ :olesome advice on ?is subject we copy f ,doctor ,kit*9]3#cj--8,:5 y ord] meat1 p\ltry1 or fi%1 tell ! tradesman :5 y int5d to dress x1 & he w !n h x 9 8 p[] to s]ve y ) provision t w d him cr$it1 :i* ! f9e/ meat1 c4 9 ! _w1 w nev] d1 unless x has be5 kept a prop] "t to be ripe & t5d]4 ,if y h a well-v5tilat$ l>d]1 9 a %ady1 dry situation1 y may make /ill sur]1 by ord]+ 9 y\r meat & p\ltry1 su* a "t be=e y want x z w r5d] x t5d]1 :i* ! f9e/ meat _c be1 unless hung a prop] "t1 accord+ to ! season & nature ( ! meat1 c4 b always till x has made "s v slight advance t[>ds putrefaction40 #cj ,! ,cook's ,oracle4 ,ox-beef--:5 ( a "y animal1 has a %9+ oily smoo?ness1 a f9e op5 gra91 & d>k florid r$ col\r4 ,! fat is spl5di% yell[i% :ite4 ,if ! animal has be5 f$ ^u oil cakes1 ! fat has a gold5 yell[ col\r4 ,c[-,beef--is clos] 9 ! gra9 ?an ox-beef1 b ! muscul> p>ts are n ( s bright a r$ col\r4 ,9 old meat !re is a /reak ( c>tilage or bone 9 ! ribs1 call$ by but*]s1 ! cru%-bone2 ! h>d] ?is is1 ! old] has be5 ! animal4 ,veal4--,! fle% ( a bull calf is firm]1 b n 9 g5]al s :ite z t ( a c[ calf4 ,exposures to ! air = "s "t r$d5s ! col\r ( ! fle%4 ,veal is be/ ( :i* ! kidney is well cov]$ ) ?ick :ite h>d fat4 ,mutton4--,a we!r1 five ye>s old1 af=ds ! mo/ delicate meat4 ,! gra9 ( ! meat %\ld be f9e1 & ! fat :ite & firm4 ,! leg ( a we!r mutton is kn[n by a r\nd lump ( fat on ! insides ( ! ?igh1 ! leg ( an ewe by ! udd]4 ,lamb4--,! fle% ( f9e lamb looks ( a delicate pale r$ col\r2 ! fat is spl5did :ite1 b x does n possess a great solidity4 ,grass ,lamb is 9 season f ,ea/] to ,mi*aelmas4 ,h\se ,lamb f ,*ri/mas to ,lady-day4 ,pork4--,?is species ( meat ( ! be/ f$ animals is p>ticul>ly f9e gra9$1 & may be bruis$ by =cibly press+ x betwe5 ! f+]s4 ,! sk9 ( ! "y animal is ?92 ! fle% ( old pigs is h>d & t\gh1 & ! sk9 v ?ick4 ,! prime season = pork is f ,mi*aelmas to ,m>*4 ,! we/]n pigs1 *iefly ^? ( ,b]ks1 ,ox=d1 & ,bucks1 possess a decid$ sup]iority ov] ! ea/]n ( ,essex1 ,suffolk1 & ,norfolk4 ,h>e4--,to asc]ta9 its age1 exam9e ! fir/ jo9t ( ! =e foot2 y w f9d a small knob1 if x is a lev]et1 :i* disappe>s z ! h>e gr[s old]2 !n exam9e ! e>s2 if !y te> easily1 ! animal is "y4 ,:5 newly kill$1 ! body is /iff2 z x gr[s /ale1 x becomes flaccid4 ,v5ison--is ( a d>k] col\r ?an mutton4 ,if ! fat be cle>1 bright & ?ick1 & ! cleft ( ! ho( smoo? & close1 x is "y1 b if ! cleft is wide & t\gh1 x is old4 ,by pu%+ a skew] or knife "u ! bone :i* /icks out ( a haun* or %\ld]1 ! od\r ( ! skew] w tell :e!r ! meat be fre% or ta9t$4 ,v5ison is be/ flav\r$ 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 ! animal %\ld n be kill$ till he is ab\t f\r ye>s old4 ,f[ls--= boil+ %\ld be *os5 z :ite z possible1 ^? :i* h black legs _h bett] be roa/$4 ,! season ( p]fection 9 p\ltry is j be=e !y h q come to _! full gr[?4 ,*ick5s ?ree mon?s old are v delicate4 ,age makes a /rik+ diff]5ce 9 ! fle% ( f[ls1 s9ce aft] ! age ( twelve mon?s x becomes t\gh]4 ,! cock inde$1 at t age1 is only us$ = mak+ s\p4 ,pigeons--are 9 _! greate/ p]fection 9 ,septemb]1 !re is !n ! mo/ pl5tiful & be/ food = !m2 _! f9e/ gr[? is j :5 !y are full fea!r$4 ,:5 !y are 9 ! p5-fea!rs1 !y are flabby2 :5 !y are full gr[n1 & h fl[n "s "t1 !y are h>d4 ,pheasants--may be di/+ui%$ by ! l5g? & %>pness ( _! spurs1 :i* 9 ! y\ng] ones are %ort & blunt4 ,p>tridges--if old are always to be kn[n dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 by _! legs be+ ( a pale blue1 in/ead ( a yell[i% br[n col\r3 8s t :5 a ,london] receives 8 brace ( blue legg$ birds 9 ,septemb]1 he %\ld imm$iately snap _! legs & draw out ! s9ews1 by means ( pull+ (f ! feet1 in/ead ( leav+ !m to torm5t him1 l s _m /r+s1 :5 he w\ld be wi%+ to enjoy 8 repa/40 ,?is rem$y to make ! legs t5d]1 removes ! objection to old birds1 provid$ ! wea!r w admit ( _! be+ suffici5tly long kept4 ,if birds are ov]kept1 _! eyes w be mu* sunk1 & ! trail becomes s(t1 & some:at discol\r$4 ,! fir/ place to asc]ta9 if !y are beg9n+ to be ta9t$1 is ! inside ( ! bill4 ,fi%1 & ,crimp+ ( ,fi%4--,bo? sea & riv] fi% _c be eat5 too fre%4 ,! gills %\ld be ( a f9e r$ col\r1 ! eyes gli/5+1 ! scales brilliant1 & ! :ole fi% %\ld feel /iff & firm1 if s(t or flabby ! fi% is old4 ,to improve ! quality ( fi%1 !y are sometimes subject to ! process call$ crimp+4 ,! op]ation has be5 exam9$ by ,mr4 ,c>lisle1 to :om we are indebt$ = ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 8,:5ev] ! rigid contractions ( dea? h n tak5 place1 ?is process may be practis$ ) success4 ,! sea fi% de/9$ = crimp+1 are usually /ruck on ! head :5 caught1 :i* x is said protracts ! t]m ( ! contractibility & ! muscles :i* reta9 ! prop]ty longe/ are ^? ab\t ! head4 ,_m transv]se sections ( ! muscles be+ made1 & ! fi% imm]s$ 9 cold wat]1 ! contractions call$ crimp+ takes place 9 ab\t five m9utes1 b if ! mass be l>ge1 x (t5 requires #cj m9utes to complete ! process4 ,! crimp+ ( fre% wat] fi% is said to require h>d wat]1 & ! ,london fi%mong]s usually employ x40 ,mr4 ,c>lisle f\nd1 t by crimp+1 ! muscles subject$ to ! process h bo? _! absolute weight1 & _! specific gravity increas$1 s t x appe>s1 t wat] is absorb$ & cond5sation takes place4 ,x 0 also obs]v$ t ! effect 0 great] 9 proportion to ! vivaci\sness ( ! fi%4 ,f ^! obs]vations1 x appe>s1 t ! object ( crimp+ is fir/ to ret>d ! natural /iff5+ ( ! muscles1 & !n by ! sudd5 application ( cold wat]1 to excite x 9 ! greate/ possible degree1 by :i* means ! fle% bo? acquires ! desir$ firmness & keeps long]4 ,,on ,,keep+ ,,( ,,meat1 ,,& ,,be/ ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,l>d]s1 ,,pantries ,,& ,,meat ,,safes4 ,l>d]s1 pantries & safes1 = keep+ meat1 %\ld be %elt]$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 & o!rwise gu>d$ aga9/ ! influ5ce ( w>m?4 ,all places :]e provisions are kept %\ld be s con/ruct$ t a brisk curr5t ( cool air c be made to pass ?r\gh !m at comm&4 ,) ?is view x w\ld be advisable to h op5+s on all sides ( l>d]s1 or meat safes1 :i* might be clos$ or op5$ accord+ to ! way f :i* ! w9d bl[s1 ! "t ( ! day1 or season ( ! ye>2 !y %\ld be kept1 too1 ) ! greate/ att5tion to cleanl9ess4 ,x w be bett] also if ! sides or walls ( meat safes are occasionally sc\r$ ) soap1 or soap & slack$ quicklime4 ,w>m wea!r is ! wor/ = keep+ meat2 ! s\? w9d has long be5 not$ z be+ ho/ile to keep+ provisions4 ,juv5al1 9 8 #d? ,satire1 says3 8,n[ sickly autumn to dry fro/ give way1 ,cold w9t] rag'd & fre% pres]v$ ! prey2 ,yet ) su* ha/e ! busy fi%] flew1 ,z if hot s\?-w9d corruption blew40 ,a jo9t ( meat may be pres]v$ = sev]al days 9 ! mid/ ( summ] by wrapp+ x 9 a clean l95 clo?1 previ\sly moi/5$ ) /rong v9eg>1 & spr9kl$ ov] ) salt1 & !n plac+ x 9 an e>!nw>e pan1 or hang+ x up1 & *ang+ ! clo?1 or r++ x out a-fre%1 & aga9 /eep+ x 9 v9eg> once a day1 if ! wea!r be v hot4 ,! be/ meat = keep+ is mutton1 & ! leg keeps be/1 & may ) c>e1 if ! temp]ature be only mod]ate1 be pres]v$ )\t becom+ ta9t$ = ab\t a week2 dur+ fro/ a leg ( mutton w keep a =tnight4 ,a %\ld] ( mutton is next to ! leg ! jo9t be/ calculat$ = keep+ 9 w>m wea!r4 ,! scrag end ( a neck is v liable to become ta9t$2 x _c be kept ) safety dur+ hot wea!r = m ?an two days4 ,! k]nels1 or gl&s1 9 ! ?ick "p ( ! leg %\ld be dissect$ out1 because ! muc\s matt] 9 :i* !y ab\nd spe$ily becomes putrid1 & !n t5ds v mu* to infect ! adjo9+ "p4 ,! *9e & rib-bones %\ld be wip$1 & spr9kl$ ov] ) salt & pepp]1 & ! bloody "p ( ! neck %\ld be remov$4 ,9 ! brisket1 ! comm5cem5t ( ! putrefactive process takes place 9 ! brea/1 & if ?is "p is to be kept1 x is advisable to gu>d aga9/ x becom+ ta9t$1 by spr9kl+ a little salt & pepp] ov] x3 ! ve91 or pipe ne> ! bone ( ! inside ( a *9e ( mutton %\ld be cut out1 & if ! meat is to be kept = "s "t1 ! "p close r\nd ! tail %\ld be spr9kl$ ) salt1 aft] hav+ fir/ cut out ! gl& or k]nel4 ,9 beef ! ribs are less liable to become ta9t$ ?an any o!r jo9t2 !y may be kept 9 a cool pantry 9 ! summ] mon?s = six days1 & t5 days 9 w9t]4 ,! r\nd ( beef w n keep long1 unless spr9kl$ ov] ) salt4 ,all ! gl&s or k]nels :i* x conta9s %\ld be dissect$ out4 ,! brisket is /ill m liable to become ta9t$ by keep+1 x _c be kept sweet ) safety m ?an ?ree days 9 summ]1 & ab\t a week 9 w9t]4 ,lamb is ! next 9 ord] = keep+1 ?\gh x is consid]$ be/ to eat x soon1 or ev5 ! day aft] x is kill$4 ,if x is n v "y ! leg w keep f\r or five days1 ) c>e1 9 a cool place 9 summ]4 ,veal & ,pork--a leg w keep v well 9 summ] = ?ree or f\r days1 & a week 9 w9t]3--b ! scrag end ( veal or pork w n keep well above a day 9 summ]1 & two or ?ree days 9 w9t]4 ,! "p t becomes ta9t$ fir/ ( a leg ( veal is :]e ! udd] is skew]$ back4 ,! skew] %\ld be tak5 out1 & bo? t & ! "p b5ea? x wip$ dry e day1 by :i* means x w keep good ?ree or f\r days 9 w>m wea!r4 ,! ve9 or pipe t runs along ! *9e ( a lo9 ( veal %\ld be cut out1 z is usually done 9 mutton & beef4 ,! skirt ( a brea/ ( veal %\ld likewise be tak5 (f1 & ! inside ( ! brea/ wip$1 scrap$1 & spr9kl$ ) salt4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,animal ,,sub/ances ,,9 ,a ,,rec5t ,,/ate4 ,z ! supply ( food is always subject to irregul>ities1 ! pres]vation ( ! excess1 obta9$ at "o "t1 to meet ! defici5cy ( ano!r1 w\ld soon engage ! att5tion ( mank9d4 ,at fir/ ?is me?od w\ld be simple & natural1 & d]iv$ f a v limit$ obs]vation1 b 9 ! progress ( society1 ! wants & occupations ( mank9d w\ld lead !m to inv5t means1 by :i* ! m p]i%able alim5t>y sub/ances ( "o season1 might be res]v$ = ! consumption ( ano!r1 or ! sup]flu\s productions ( di/ant c\ntries might be transport$ to o!rs :]e !y are m ne$$4 ,,pickl+ ,,& ,,dry ,,salt+ ,,( ,,meat4 ,common salt is advantage\sly employ$ z an antiseptic1 to pres]ve alim5ts f spontane\s decomposition1 & p>ticul>ly to prev5t ! putrefaction ( animal food4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! l>ge quantity ( salt :i* is necess>ily employ$ 9 ?is way1 det]iorates ! alim5t>y prop]ties ( ! meat1 & ! long] x has be5 pres]v$1 ! less :olesome & dige/ible does x become4 ,meat1 h[ev]1 :i* has n be5 too long pres]v$1 simply pickl$1 or corn$ meat z x is call$1 is b little injur$ or decompos$1 x is /ill succul5t & t5d]1 easily dige/$1 n\ri%+ & :olesome en\gh4 ,! prop]ty ( salt to pres]ve animal sub/ances f putrefaction is ( ! mo/ ess5tial importance to ! empire 9 g5]al1 & to ! remote graz+ di/ricts 9 p>ticul>4 ,x enables ! latt] to dispose ( _! live /ock1 & di/ant navigation is :olly dep5dant ^u x4 ,all k9ds ( animal sub/ances may be pres]v$ by salt1 b beef & pork are ! only /aple articles ( ?is k9d4 ,9 g5]al1 ! pieces ( ! animal be/ fitt$ = be+ salt$ are ^? :i* conta9 fewe/ l>ge blood vessels1 & are mo/ solid4 ,"s recomm5d all ! gl&s to be cut out1 !y say1 t )\t ?is precaution meat _c be pres]v$2 b ?is is a mi/ake1 a dry salt] ( em95ce1 in=ms me1 t x is n ess5tial1 provid$ ! gl&s or k]nels are prop]ly cov]$ ) salt4 ,! salt+ may be p]=m$ ei!r by dry rubb+1 or bett] by imm]s+ ! meat 9 a salt pickle4 ,cur$ 9 ! =m] way ! meat w keep long]1 b x is m alt]$ 9 its valuable prop]ties2 9 ! latt] way x is m delicate & nutriti\s4 ,eight p\nds ( salt1 "o p\nd ( sug>1 & f\r ounces ( saltpetre1 boil$ = a few m9utes ) f\r gallons ( wat]1 skimm$ & all[$ to cool1 =ms a /rong pickle1 :i* w pres]ve meat completely imm]s$ 9 x4 ,to effect ?is1 :i* is ess5tial1 ei!r a heavy bo>d1 or flat /one1 mu/ be laid ^u ! meat4 ,! same pickle may be us$ repeat$ly1 provid$ x be boil$ up occasionally ) additional salt to re/ore its /r5g?1 dim9i%$ by ! comb9ation ( "p ( ! salt ) ! meat1 & by ! dilution ( ! pickle by ! juices ( ! meat extract$4 ,by boil+1 ! album51 :i* w\ld cause ! pickle to spoil1 is coagulat$1 & rises 9 ! =m ( scum1 :i* mu/ be c>efully remov$4 ,beef & pork1 al?\gh prop]ly salt$ ) salt alone1 acquire a gre5 col\r2 b if an ounce ( saltpetre be add$ to ea* five p\nds ( salt employ$1 ! muscul> fibre acquires a f9e r$ t+e2 b ?is improvem5t 9 appe>ance is m ?an comp5sat$ by its becom+ h>d] & h>%] to ! ta/e2 to correct :i*1 a proportion ( sug> or molasses is (t5 add$4 ,b ! r$ col\r may be giv5 if desir$1 )\t h>d5+ ! meat1 by ! addition ( a little co*9eal4 ,meat kept imm]s$ 9 pickle r ga9s weight4 ,9 "o exp]im5t by ,messrs4 ,donk9 & ,gamble1 !re 0 a ga9 ( ?ree p] c5t4 & 9 ano!r ( two & a half2 b 9 ! common way ( salt+1 :5 ! meat is n imm]s$ 9 pickle !re is a loss ( ab\t "o p\nd1 or "o & a half 9 sixte54 ,dry salt+ is p]=m$ by rubb+ ! surface ( ! meat all ov] ) salt2 & x is g5]ally believ$ t ! process ( salt+ is promot$ if ! salt be rubb$ 9 ) a heavy h&4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t v little salt p5etrates1 except ?r\gh ! cut surfaces1 to :i* x %\ld !re=e be *iefly appli$2 & all holes1 :e!r natural or artificial1 %\ld be p>ticul>ly att5d$ to4 ,= ea* tw5ty-five p\nds ( meat1 ab\t two p\nds ( co>se gra9$ salt %\ld be all[$1 & ! :ole1 previ\sly heat$1 rubb$ 9 at once4 ,:5 laid 9 ! pickl+ tub1 a br9e is soon =m$ by ! salt dissolv$ 9 ! juice ( ! meat :i* x extracts1 & ) ?is ! meat %\ld be wett$ e day1 & a diff]5t side turn$ d[n4 ,9 t5 or twelve days x w be suffici5tly cur$4 ,= dome/ic use ! meat %\ld n be salt$ z soon z x comes f ! m>ket1 b kept until its fibre has become %ort & t5d]1 z ^! *anges d n take place aft] x has be5 act$ ^u by ! salt4 ,b 9 ! provision trade1 8! exp$ition ) :i* ! animals are slaught]$1 ! meat cut up & salt$1 & aft]w>ds pack$1 is a/oni%+40#ca #ca ,wakefield's ,irel&1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #gej4 ,by salt+ ! meat :ile /ill w>m1 & be=e ! fluids are coagulat$1 ! salt p5etrates imm$iately1 by means ( ! vessels1 ?r\gh ! :ole sub/ance ( ! meat2 & h5ce meat is admirably cur$ at ,tunis1 ev5 9 ! hotte/ season1 s t ,mr4 ,jackson1 9 8 ,reflections on ! ,trade 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 recomm5ds %ips be+ suppli$ !re ) _! provisions4 ,! foll[+ mixture ( condim5ts is exce$+ly well calculat$ = dry salt+4 ,take a p\nd ( black pepp]1 a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( ,cay5ne pepp]1 & a p\nd ( saltpetre1 all gr\nd v f9e2 mix ^! ?ree well toge!r1 & bl5d !m alt]nately ) ab\t ?ree qu>ts ( v f9e salt3 ?is mixture is suffici5t = eight hundr$ weight ( beef4 ,z ! pieces are br\ght f ! p]son cutt+ up1 fir/ spr9kle ! pieces ) ! spice1 & introduce a little into all ! ?icke/ p>ts2 if x _c be done o!rwise1 make a small incision ) a knife4 ,! fir/ salt]1 aft] rubb+ salt & spice well into ! meat1 %\ld take & m\ld ! piece1 ! same z wa%+ a %irt ^u a bo>d2 ?is may be v easily done1 & ! meat be+ lately kill$1 is s(t & pliable2 ?is m\ld+ op5s ! gra9 ( ! meat1 :i* w make x imbibe ! spice & salt mu* quick] ?an ! common me?od ( salt+4 ,! fir/ salt] h&s 8 piece ov] to ! second salt]1 :o m\lds & rubs ! salt well into ! meat1 & if he obs]ves occasion1 introduces ! spice2 :5 ! second salt] has f9i%$ 8 piece1 he folds x up z close z possible1 & h&s x to ! pack] at ! h>ness or salt+ tubs1 :o mu/ be /ation$ ne> him3 ! pack] mu/ be c>eful to pack 8 h>ness tubs z close z possible4 ,all ! "w mu/ be c>ri$ on 9 ! %ade1 b :]e !re is a /rong curr5t ( air1 ! h>ness tubs 9 p>ticul>2 ?is be+ a v mat]ial po9t 9 cur+ ! meat 9 a hot climate4 ,meat may be cur$ 9 ?is mann] ) ! greate/ safety1 :5 ! !rmomet]1 9 ! %ade1 is at #aaj1 ! extreme heat assi/+ ! cur+4 ,a good siz$ bullock1 ( six or sev5 hundr$ weight1 may be kill$ & salt$ )9 ! h\r4 ,! p]son :o att5ds ) ! spice ne> ! fir/ salt]1 has ! greate/ tru/ impos$ ^u him2 besides ! spice1 he %\ld be well satisfi$ t ! piece is suffici5tly salt$1 be=e he p]mits ! fir/ salt] to h& ! piece ov] to ! second salt]4 ,all ! salt %\ld be v f9e1 & ! pack]1 besides spr9kl+ ! bottom ( 8 h>ness tubs1 %\ld be c>eful to put pl5ty ( salt betwe5 ea* ti] ( meat1 :i* is v soon turn$ into ! f9e/ pickle4 ,! pickle w ne>ly cov] ! meat1 z fa/ z ! pack] c /[ x away4 ,x is always a good sign t ! meat is v safe :5 ! pack] beg9s to compla9 t 8 h&s are a*+ ) cold4 ,by ?is me?od !re is no d\bt b t ! meat is p]fectly cur$ 9 ?ree h\rs f ! "t ( kill+ ! bullock3 ! saltpetre 9 a v little "t /rikes ?r\gh ! meat2 h[ev]1 x is always bett] to let x lie 9 ! h>ness tubs till ! foll[+ morn+1 :5 x w h an exce$+ pleasant smell on op5+ ! h>ness tubs2 !n take x out & pack x 9 tight b>rels1 ) its own pickle4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,prep>+ ,,bacon1 ,,hams1 ,,& ,,hung ,,beef4 ,meat1 :5 salt$1 is sometimes dri$1 :5 x gets ! "n ( bacon1 ham1 or hung beef4 ,! dry+ ( salt meat is effect$ ei!r by hang+ x 9 a dry & well-air$ place1 or by expos+ x at ! same "t to wood smoke1 :i* gives x a peculi> flav\r1 mu* admir$ 9 ,we/phalia hams & ,hamburgh beef1 & also t5ds to pres]ve x1 by ! antiseptic action ( ! pyrolignic acid4 ,:5 meat is to be hung1 x ne$ n be s highly salt$4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ bacon is peculi> to c]ta9 di/ricts4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od ( mak+ bacon 9 ,hamp%ire & ,som]set%ire3-- ,! season = kill+ hogs = bacon is betwe5 ,octob] & ,m>*4 ,! articles to be salt$ are spr9kl$ ov] ) bay-salt1 & put = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ! salt+ tr\gh1 to all[ ! adh]+ blood to dra9 away4 ,aft] ?is !y take !m out1 wipe !m v dry1 & ?r[ away ! dra9+4 ,!y !n take "s fre% bay-salt1 & heat+ x well 9 a fry+-pan1 rub ! meat v well ) x1 repeat+ ?is e day = f\r days1 turn+ ! sides e o!r day4 ,if ! hog be v l>ge1 !y keep ! sides 9 br9e1 turn+ !m occasionally = ?ree weeks2 aft] :i* !y take !m out1 & let !m be ?or\ghly dri$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,,smoke-,,dry+1 ,,or ,,cur+ ,,( ,,bacon1 ,,hams1 ,,& ,,beef1 ,,z ,,practis$ ,,9 ,,we/phalia4 ,! cu/om ( fumigat+ hams ) wood smoke is ( a v anci5t date1 x 0 well kn[n to ! ,romans1 & ,horace m5tions x4#cb 8,fumos cum p$e p]n40 #cb ,sat4 ,,ii4 #b-aag4 ,sev]al places on ! ,cont95t are fam\s = ! delicacy & flav\r ( _! hams2 ,we/phalia1 h[ev]1 is at ! head ( ! li/4 ,! me?od ( cur+ bacon & hams 9 ,we/phalia 79 ,g]many7 is z foll[s3 ,families t kill "o or m hogs a ye>1 :i* is a common practice 9 private h\ses1 h a closet 9 ! g>ret1 jo9+ to ! *imney1 made tight1 to reta9 smoke1 9 :i* !y hang _! hams & bacon to dry2 & out ( ! effect ( ! fire1 t !y may be gradually dri$ by ! wood smoke1 & n by heat4 ,! smoke ( ! fuel is convey$ into ! closet by a hole 9 ! *imney1 ne> ! floor1 & a place is made = an iron /opp] to be ?ru/ into ! funnel ( ! *imney1 to =ce ! smoke ?r\gh ! hole into ! closet4 ,! smoke is c>ri$ (f aga9 by ano!r hole 9 ! funnel ( ! *imney1 above ! said /opp]1 almo/ at ! ceil+1 :]e x escapes4 ,! upp] hole mu/ n be too big1 because ! closet mu/ be always full ( smoke1 & t f wood fires4 ,or ! bacon & hams are simply plac$ 9 ! vic9ity ( an op5 fire-place1 :]e wood is burn$1 s z to be expos$ to ! smoke ( ! wood4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,cur+ ,,hams1 ,,beef1 ,,& ,,fi%1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,pyro-,,ligne\s ,,acid4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! pres]vative quality ( pyro-ligne\s#cc acid1 exhibit$ 9 a memoir by ,dr4 ,wilk9son to ! ,ba? ,society1 is highly important3-- #cc ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 #ahba1 ,no4 #bgc1 p4 #ab4 8,mr4 ,sockett hav+ direct$ 8 att5tion to ! smok+ ( hams ) wood smoke1 ei!r 9 a build+ erect$ = t purpose1 or 9 a *imney :]e wood alone is burn$1 9 addition to its consid]able increase ( flav\r1 he consid]$ x m effectually pres]v$ f putrefaction by be+1 :at is commonly call$1 smoke-dri$4 ,mr4 ,sockett hav+ asc]ta9$ by exp]im5ts1 t meat ?us cur$ requir$ less salt1 he 0 induc$ to suppose "s antiseptic quality 9 ! same1 & n attributable to ! m]e application ( heat4 ,a neighb\r+ manufactory ( pyro-ligne\s acid af=d$ him an opportunity ( try+ a v>iety ( exp]im5ts1 :i* conv9c$ him ( ! correctness ( ! supposition ( ! antiseptic quality ( wood smoke1 z ! same effects z to flav\r & pres]vation 7 produc$ 9 a sup]ior degree )\t ! aid ( any increase ( temp]ature1 :i*1 by dry+1 dim9i%es ! nutriti\s quality ( meat ?us expos$40 8,mr4 ,sockett asc]ta9$1 t if a ham _h ! r$uc$ quantity ( salt usually employ$ = smoke-dri$ hams1 & 0 !n expos$ to smoke1 putrefaction soon took place :5 pyro-ligne\s acid 0 n us$2 ev5 "o half ?is r$uc$ portion ( salt is suffici5t :5 x is us$1 be+ appli$ cold1 & ! ham is ?us effectually cur$ )\t any loss ( weight1 & reta9+ m animal juices40 8,! mode adopt$ 0 by add+ ab\t two table-spoonfuls ( pyro-ligne\s acid to ! pickle = a ham ( #aj or #ab lbs42 & :5 tak5 out ( ! pickle1 previ\s to be+ hung up1 pa9t$ ov] ) ! acid1 by means ( a bru%4 ,9 _m in/ances1 ,mr4 ,sockett has succe$$ by bru%+ ! ham ov] ) ! acid1 )\t add+ any to ! pickle4 ,! same mode answ]s equally well ) tongues1 requir+ a little m acid1 on acc\nt ( ! ?ickness & h>dness ( ! integum5ts40 8,^u dri$ salmon x answ]s admirably2 bru%+ x ov] once or twice _h a bett] effect ?an two mon?s smok+ 9 ! usual way1 & )\t ! same loss f rancidity4 ,f ! result ( a few exp]im5ts on h]r+s1 he is p]suad$ t ?is mode ( cur+ might be mo/ advantage\sly introduc$ 9 our fi%]ies1 s t h]r+s might be cur$ "h sup]ior to ^? import$ f ,holl&40 8,^! exp]im5ts s satisfactorily demon/rat+ ! antiseptic qualities ( ?is acid1 :]e only small portions ( salt 7 employ$1 ,mr4 ,sockett 0 !n induc$ to try ! results ( ! application ( ?is acid :5 no salt 0 employ$3 he plac$ "s beef /eaks ^u a plate1 & cov]$ ! bottom ) ! acid1 ! /eaks be+ daily turn$2 & at ! "t ( record+ ! exp]im5t1 he notic$ t !y kept above six weeks )\t ! lea/ t5d5cy to putrefaction3 ?is exp]im5t 0 made 9 ! middle ( ,july #ahae40 8,n only ,mr4 ,sockett1 b _m families 9 ,swansea1 & its vic9ity1 practise1 ) ! greate/ success1 ?is mode ( cur+ hams1 tongues1 beef1 fi%1 c40 8,?is acid is v easily & *eaply prep>$3 ! fir/ di/ill$ product ( ! wood1 9 t /ate d5om9at$ black acid1 answ]s ! be/ :5 sep>at$ f its t> & naph?a4 ,m ?an #gj gallons ( acid1 suffici5tly /rong1 are procur$ f a ton ( wood2 a gallon is q suffici5t = #b cwt4 ( pork1 beef1 & mo/ animal sub/ances1 ) ! addition ( a comp>atively small portion ( salt1 n only af=d+ a consid]able sav+ 9 ?is article1 b also mat]ially contribut+ to ! increase ( flav\r & nutritive quality4 ,hams or beef cur$ ?is way require no previ\s soak+ 9 wat] to be+ boil$1 & :5 boil$ swell 9 size & are extremely succul5t40 8,h]r+s ,mr4 ,sockett cures ) v little salt4 ,be+ well dri$1 z e>ly aft] be+ caught z c be effect$1 !y are !n dipp$ into a vat ( ! acid1 & :5 dry1 ! same process repeat$ a few times1 susp5d+ !m l ! manufacture ( c&les4 ,mr4 ,sockett ent]ta9s no d\bt1 f ! result ( 8 exp]im5ts ) h]r+s1 t ! same process w\ld answ] = o!r k9ds ( fi%1 z salmon1 cod1 c42 & h5ce1 :5 cook$1 may be salt$ accord+ to ea* individual's ta/e40 8,i presume ?is acid w\ld be f\nd v useful on bo>d any vessel fitt$ out = long voyages2 x appe>s f calculations on a small scale1 t "o hog%ead ( ?is acid w\ld suffice to cure six tons ( fi%1 9 su* a mann] z to reta9 _! nutriti\s quality2 & !y c\ld be cur$ on bo>d :5 opportunities occurr$ ( procur+ !m1 indep5d5t ( its be+ an excell5t sub/itute = common v9eg> 9 _m cul9>y purposes on bo>d40 8,mr4 ,sockett recomm5ds t fi%1 z soon z practicable aft] tak51 %\ld be a little rubb$ ) salt1 & laid ^u a slop+ bo>d to dra91 & :5 dry1 to be dipp$ 9 ! acid z be=e /at$40 8,"o great advantage att5d+ ?is mode ( cur+ hams or beef is1 t :5 hung up !y are nev] attack$ by ! flies40 ,,pickl+ ,,( ,,fi%4 ,fi% may be pres]v$ ei!r by dry salt+ or 9 a liquid pickle4 ,! =m] me?od is employ$ to a great ext5t on ! banks ( ,newf\ndl&1 & 9 ,%etl&4 ,:5 a liquid pickle is us$1 ! fi%1 z fre% z possible1 are to be gutt$1 or n1 & )\t delay plung$ into ! br9e 9 quantity s z ne>ly to fill ! res]voir1 & aft] rema9+ cov]$ ) ! pickle five or six days1 !y w be s completely impregnat$ ) salt z to be p]fectly fit to be re-pack$ 9 b>rels1 ) l>ge-gra9$ solid salt1 = ! hotte/ climates & longe/ voyages4 ,! br9e becomes frequ5tly some:at weak] at ! top2 to rem$y ?is1 "s ( ! salt may be susp5d$ 9 bags or o!rwise1 j "u ! surface1 :i* w saturate :atev] moi/ure may exude f ! fi%1 & ?us ! :ole ( ! br9e w cont9ue fully saturat$ & ( ! mo/ /r5g?4 ,su* br9e1 al?\gh repeat$ly us$1 w n putrify1 nor ! fi%1 if kept "u ! surface1 become rancid4 ,by ?is process great quantities ( h]r+s may be salt$ :5 salt or casks are n on ! spot1 & ! fi% may rema9 = a great l5g? ( "t imm]s$ 9 ?is br9e )\t ! lea/ injury4 ,f ,mr4 ,london's /atem5t1 x appe>s t ! br9e ought always to conta9 a r$undancy ( salt2 & 9 su* case !re is n ! lea/ dang] ( ! fi% putrify+ or gr[+ rancid1 z ! extra lumps ( solid salt 9 ! br9e imm$iately act ^u any wat]y or o!r liquors :i* proce$ f ! fi% :5 inclos$ 9 ! cask4 ,= judg+ ( ! relative /r5g? ( diff]5t solutions ( common salt1 ,mr4 ,london recomm5ds a glass bottle1 ) a gr\nd-glass /opp]1 to be fill$ ) br9e made f a solution ( solid salt 9 wat]2 )9 ?is bottle are ?ree glass bubbles1 ( diff]5t specific gravities1 s graduat$1 t suppos+ ! temp]ature ( ! air to be at sixty degrees ( ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]1 & only "o bubble floats on ! surface1 & t x indicates ! specific gravity ( ! br9e to be #a4aee1 conta9+ ab\t #bj p>ts salt1 & #hj ( wat]1 :i* is insuffici5t to cure animal matt]s ) c]ta9ty by imm]sion 9 x4 ,:5 ! second bubble floats1 x indicates ! specific gravity ( ! br9e to be #a4ahj1 or ab\t #bd p>ts salt1 & #gf p>ts wat]1 :i* may be us$ = ! purpose ( imm]sion4 ,?is br9e w fully answ] ! purpose 9 ! hotte/ wea!r 9 mo/ climates1 provid$ ! meat or fi% is always completely cov]$ ) ! br9e4 ,,pickl$ ,,mack]el4 ,aft] splitt+ ! fi%1 & hav+ tak5 (f _! heads & "p ( ! sk9 ( ! belly1 let !m be laid 9 br9e ab\t ?ree or f\r h\rs2 !n put !m 9 j>s ) ! foll[+ pickle3--two p\nds common salt1 two ounces saltpetre1 "o ounce ( sug>1 half ounce :ite pepp]1 "o dra*m corri&] se$1 p\nd$ all well toge!r2 spr9kle ) ?is mixture ! bottom ( ! j>2 !n put on a lay] ( mack]el1 ) ! back d[nw>ds2 !n a lay] ( ! spices1 & !n ano!r ( mack]el1 alt]nately1 till ! j> is full2 press !m d[n1 & cov] !m close4 ,9 six mon?s !y w be ready = use4 ,,pickl$ ,,salmon4 ,split ! fi% d[n ! middle1 & divide ea* half into six pieces4 ,make a br9e ( salt suffici5t 9 quantity to cov] ! fi% :5 plac$ 9 a saucepan4 ,season ) bruis$ pepp]1 mace1 & allspice1 & simm] ! :ole till ! fi% is done1 tak+ c>e n to boil ! fi% m ?an is b>ely suffici5t4 ,!n take out ! pieces to cool1 & put !m into a j>4 ,/ra9 (f ! spice f ! liquor 9 :i* ! fi% 0 boil$1 & add to x a l quantity1 by measure1 ( v9eg>1 & p\r x ov] ! fi%4 ,:5 cold1 tie x ov] ) pap]1 & keep ! fi% subm]s$ "u ! liquor1 by plac+ a weight on x4 ,,coll>$ ,,eels4 ,sk9 & bone ! eels2 season !m ) mace1 *opp$ es*alots1 pepp]1 salt & pim5to4 ,roll up ! :ole1 & tie x firmly ) tape2 put x 9 a /ew-pan ) a p9t ( veal /ock1 half p9t ( :ite w9e1 & half z mu* v9eg>2 & let !m simm] till done4 ,!n put !m into a di%2 skim (f ! fat1 & season ) salt4 ,cle> ! liquor by simm]+ x a few m9utes1 ) ! :ite ( two eggs1 & pass x ?r\gh a clo?3 aft] :i* boil x till x becomes a ?ick jelly :5 cold4 ,!n take ! tape f ! eels1 & p\r ! liquid transp>5t jelly ov] ! fi%4 ,,be/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,pres]v+ ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,cook$ ,,but*]',s ,,meat1 ,,fi%1 ,,or ,,p\ltry4 ,( all ! me?ods ( pres]v+ animal sub/ances = dome/ic purposes1 or sea /ore1 ! process f\nd out by ,mr4 ,app]t1 & pursu$ 9 ?is metropolis ^u a l>ge scale by ,messrs4 ,donk9 & ,gamble1 is unque/ionably ! be/4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,let ! sub/ance to be pres]v$ be fir/ p>-boil$1 or r some:at m1 ! bones ( ! meat be+ previ\sly remov$4 ,put ! meat into a t9 cyl9d]1 fill up ! vessel ) ! bro?1 & !n sold] on ! lid1 furni%$ ) a small hole4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 let ! t9 vessel1 ?us prep>$1 be plac$ 9 wat] & heat$ to ! boil+ po9t to complete ! rema9d] ( ! cook+ ( ! meat4 ,! hole 9 ! lid is n[ clos$ p]fectly1 by sold]+1 :il/ ! air is ru%+ out4 ,! vessel is !n all[$ to cool1 & f ! dim9ution ( volume 9 ! cont5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( ! r$uction ( temp]ature1 bo? ends ( ! cyl9d] are press$ inw>ds & become concave4 ,! t9 cases1 ?us h]metically seal$1 are expos$ 9 a te/-*amb] = at lea/ a mon?1 to a temp]ature above :at !y are ev] likely to enc\nt]2 f #ij to #aaj ,fahr5heit4 ,if ! process has fail$1 putrefaction takes place1 & gas is evolv$1 :i* 9 process ( "t w bulge out bo? ends ( ! case1 s z to r5d] !m convex in/ead ( concave4 ,b ! cont5ts ( :atev] cases /& ?is te/1 w infallibly keep p]fectly sweet & good 9 any climate1 & = any l5g? ( "t4 ,if !re 0 any ta9t ab\t ! meat :5 put up1 x inevitably f]m5ts1 & is detect$ 9 ! prov+ process4 ,all k9ds ( animal food may be pres]v$ 9 ?is way--beef1 mutton1 veal1 & p\ltry1 ei!r boil$ or roa/$4 ,! te/imonies 9 fav\r ( ! success ( ! process are ( ! mo/ unexceptionable k9d4 ,at ,messrs4 ,donk9 & ,gamble's e/abli%m5t ! meat is put up 9 cani/]s ( f #d lbs4 to #bj lbs4 weight ea*4 ,x is *>g$ f #as4 #h;d4 to #cs4 a p\nd2 roa/ high] ?an boil$1 & veal de>] ?an mutton or beef4 ,! weight ( ! cani/] is d$uct$1 & no?+ is *>g$ = ! cani/]s2 & x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ^! provisions be+ cook$1 & )\t bone1 r5d] !m equival5t to d\ble ! weight ( meat 9 ! raw /ate2 = x is c]ta91 t ! wa/e 9 cook+1 toge!r ) ! weight ( bone1 are ab\t "o half4 ,capta9 ,nei% took a quantity ( provision1 ?us prep>$1 to ,india1 n "o cani/] spoil$2 & "o :i* he br\ght home conta9$ beef 9 ! highe/ /ate ( pres]vation aft] two ye>s1 & hav+ be5 c>ri$ upw>ds ( #ce1jjj miles 9 ! w>me/ climates4 ,! commission]s = victuall+ ! navy also exam9$ "s1 ne>ly f\r ye>s old1 :i* _h be5 9 ! ,m$it]ranean & ,quebec1 & f\nd x z s\nd1 sweet1 & fre%1 z if x _h be5 only ye/]day boil$4 ,we are enabl$ to add ! te/imony ( t di/+ui%$ navigator1 capta9 ,basil ,hall1 :o has lib]ally communicat$ to u ! result ( 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 :i* is z foll[s3--8,i c answ] = ! p]fect pres]vation ( a great numb] ( cases :i* 7 9 my possession dur+ ! voyage to ,*9a4 ,i _h #hhl4 wor?1 & n "o failure4 ,at t "t milk 0 pres]v$ 9 bottles cork$2 b t9 cases h be5 sub/itut$ ) v great effect1 z ,i h myself tri$4 ,x is really a/oni%+ h[ excell5t ! milk is2 &1 inde$1 e ?+ pres]v$ 9 ?is way is good40 8,y mu/1 on exam9+ ! li/ ( prices1 be> 9 m9d1 t meat ?us pres]v$ eats no?+1 nor dr9ks--is n apt to get ! rot1 or to die--does n tumble ov]-bo>d1 nor get its legs brok51 or its fle% wore (f its bones1 by knock+ ab\t ! decks ( a %ip 9 bad wea!r--x takes no c>e 9 ! keep+--x is always ready--may be eat cold or hot--& ?us enables y to toss into a boat 9 a m9ute1 z _m days' cook$ provisions z y *oose--x is n expos$ to ! vicissitudes ( m>kets1 nor is x sc\rg$ up to a mon/r\s price 7z at ,/4 ,hel5a71 because !re is no alt]native4 ,besides ^! advantages1 x enables "o to indulge 9 a numb] ( luxuries1 :i* no c>e or exp5ce c\ld procure40 ,9 ?is pres]vative process is display$ a s+ul> & important fact ) reg>d to ! ag5cy ( oxyg5 9 putrefaction4 ,! t9 cani/]s be+ clos$ dur+ ! exposure to heat1 mu/ necess>ily conta9 ) ! includ$ matt] "s portion ( air2 & if heat 7 n appli$1 or ev5 if appli$ imp]fectly1 putrefaction w\ld take place4 ,?is proves t ! effect ( ! high temp]ature is to produce "s k9d ( comb9ation ( ! oxyg5 ( ! air ) ! animal or includ$ matt]1 n lead+ to putrefaction1 or ev5 c\nt]-act+ x1 :ile by ?is comb9ation x is effectually remov$4 ,! air accord+ly1 :]e ! process is successful1 is depriv$ ( oxyg52 b if ! heat 7 n suffici5tly prolong$1 & by f> ! greate/ "p ( ! air 9 ! vessel n exhau/$1 putrefaction soon comes on4 ,f exp]im5ts t h be5 made on ?is mode ( pres]v+ alim5t>y sub/ances1 x has be5 prov$1 t if ! vessels 7 op5$ only = a %ort "t & aga9 clos$1 )\t heat be+ appli$1 ! inclos$ sub/ances soon putrefi$3 z !y did also f m]e exposure to ! air4 ,b if1 aft] hav+ be5 expos$ ev5 = an h\r or two1 !y 7 re-plac$1 ! vessels aga9 treat$ z be=e1 & !n ! due degree ( heat appli$1 !y c\ld be pres]v$ z at fir/4 ,& ?is repeat$ exposure to ! air1 & removal ( its op]ation by heat+1 x appe>s f ,gay ,lussac's exp]im5ts1 c be r5ew$ a numb] ( times4 ,nay1 by occasional exposure to ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 )\t ! exclusion ( ! air1 he f\nd ! exemption f putrefaction to be atta9$4 ,! !ory ( ^! effects is n v app>5t4 ,gay ,lussac supposes1 t ! oxyg5 may comb9e ) t pr9ciple analog\s to glut51 :i* excites f]m5tation1 & :i* may equally excite putrefaction2 t ?is by a k9d ( coagulation is sep>at$ by heat1 & ?us r5d]$ in]t2 & t x is only t "p ( x :i* has suff]$ oxyg5ation :i* is capable ( ?is coagulation2 x is ?us remov$1 :ile ! exclusion ( oxyg5 prev5ts ! putrefaction f tak+ place1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be excit$ by ! rema9d]4 ,b ?is is r hypo!tical & unsatisfactory4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,meat ,,by ,,pott+4 ,! process ( pott+ consi/s 9 r$uc+ cook$ animal sub/ances to a pulp1 by beat+ ! meat 9 a mort>1 & incorporat+ ! mass ) a portion ( salt & spices4 ,! pulp is !n put into a j>1 & cov]$ ) a ?ick coat ( melt$ butt] or l>d1 to prev5t ! contact ( air2 & ! surface is fur!r protect$ ) a bladd]-sk9 ti$ ov] ! m\? ( ! j>4 ,! muscul> "p ( meat is be/ suit$ = pott+1 & ! quantity ( salt & spices ought to be r lib]al4 ,,pott$ ,,beef1 ,,game1 ,,or ,,p\ltry4 ,take ?ree p\nds ( lean beef1 salt x twelve h\rs ) half a p\nd ( common salt1 & half an ounce ( saltpetre2 divide x into p\nd pieces1 & put x into an e>!n pan1 t w j hold x2 p\r 9 half a p9t ( wat]2 cov] x close ) pa/e1 & set x 9 a v sl[ ov5 = f\r h\rs2 :5 x comes f ! ov51 p\r ! gravy f x into a bas91 %r$ ! meat f9e1 moi/5 x ) ! gravy p\r$ f ! meat1 & p\nd x ?or\ghly 9 a m>ble mort> ) fre% butt]1 till x is z f9e a pa/e z possible1 season x ) black pepp] & allspice1 or cloves p\nd$1 or grat$ nutmeg2 put x 9 pots1 press x d[n z close z possible2 put a weight on x1 & let x /& all night2 next day1 :5 x is q cold1 cov] x a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick ) cl>ifi$ butt]1 & tie x ov] ) pap]4 ,,pott$ ,,ham4 ,cut a p\nd ( ! lean ( boil$ ham into pieces1 p\nd x 9 a mort> ) fre% butt]1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t two ounces to a p\nd ( ! ham1 till x is a f9e pa/e1 season x by degrees ) p\nd$ mace1 pepp]1 & allspice2 put x close d[n 9 pots1 & cov] x ) cl>ifi$ butt] a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 let x /& "o night 9 a cool place1 & tie x ov] ) pap]4 ,veal may be pott$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,,pott$ ,,lob/]4 ,take ! meat & eggs f ! %ell2 season x ) p[d]$ mace1 cloves1 nutmeg1 pepp]1 salt1 & an*ovy liquor4 ,p\nd ! meat 9 a m>ble mort>1 & r$uce ! liquor1 by evaporation1 to a ?ick jelly2 !n put x & ! meat toge!r1 ) ab\t "o qu>t] ( its weight ( butt]4 ,mix all toge!r1 & press x into a small pot2 cov] x ) melt$ butt]4 ,:5 x is cold1 put pap] ov] ! pots1 & set !m 9 a dry place4 ,craw fi%1 crabs1 %rimps1 & prawns1 may be pott$ 9 ! same way4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,eggs4 ,eggs may be kept = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 or m1 if ! pores ( ! %ell be clos$1 & r5d]$ imp]vi\s to air by "s unctu\s application4 ,we g5]ally ano9t !m ) mutton-suet1 melt$1 & set !m on end1 w$g$ close toge!r1 9 bran1 /ratum sup] /ratum1 ! conta9+ box be+ closely cov]$4 ,ano!r me?od ( pres]v+ eggs is1 to place !m into a vessel conta9+ lime wat]1 or m prop]ly slack$ quicklime dilut$ ) wat]1 to ! consi/5ce ( a ?9 cream1 tak+ c>e t ! eggs are completely cov]$ ) ?is liquid4 ,! fir/ m5tion$ process is1 h[ev]1 pref]able1 & answ]s exce$+ly well4 ,,pres]vative ,,effect ,,( ,,fro/1 ,,on ,,but*]',s ,,meat1 ,,fi%1 ,,& ,,f[l4 ,! pres]vative effect ( fro/ on dead animal matt] are ( ! utmo/ importance to ! nor!rn nations1 by enabl+ !m to /ore up a suffici5t /ock ( all mann] ( animal provisions = _! w9t] supply1 & to receive /ores f a great di/ance4 ,!re is annually held at ,/4 ,pet]sburg & ,mosc[ :at is call$ ! froz51 or w9t] m>ket1 = ! sale ( provisions solidifi$ by fro/4 ,9 a va/ op5 squ>e1 ! bodies ( _m ?\s& animals are se5 on all sides1 pil$ 9 pyramidal & quadrangul> masses3 fi%1 f[l1 butt]1 eggs1 hogs1 %eep1 de]1 ox51 all r5d]$ solid by fro/4 ,! diff]5t species ( fi% are /rik+ly beautiful2 !y possess ! lu/re & brilliancy ( col\r :i* *>act]ises ! diff]5t species 9 a liv+ /ate4 ,mo/ ( ! l>g] k9ds ( quadrup$s are sk9n$1 & class$ accord+ to _! species2 gr\ps ( _m hundr$s are pil$ ^u _! h9d-legs1 "o aga9/ ano!r1 z if ea* 7 mak+ an ef=t to climb ov] ! back ( 8 neighb\r4 ,! motionless1 yet app>5t animation ( _! seem+ly /ruggl+ attitudes 7z if !y _h di$ a sudd5 dea?71 gives a horrid life to ?is s+ul> sc5e ( dea?4 ,! solidity ( ! froz5 creatures1 is su*1 t ! natives *op & saw !m up1 = ! accommodation ( ! pur*as]s1 l wood4 ,^! froz5 provisions are ! produce ( c\ntries v remote f ea* o!r4 ,sib]ia1 ,ar*angel1 & /ill m di/ant prov9ces1 furni% ! m]*&ize :i*1 dur+ ! sev]ity ( ! fro/1 is convey$ hi!r on sl$ges4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! multitude ( ^! commodities1 & ! %ort p]iod all[$ to ! exi/5ce ( ! m>ket1 !y are *eap] ?an at any o!r "t ( ! ye>1 & are1 !re=e1 pur*as$ 9 l>g] quantities1 to be /or$1 z a w9t] /ock4 ,:5 dispos$ 9 cell>s1 !y w keep1 ) c>e1 = a consid]able "t dur+ ! cold season4 ,all ! provisions :i* rema91 & are expos$ to ! temp]ate atmosph]e1 spe$ily putrify2 b z ! des]tion ( ! fro/ is g5]ally pretty well calculat$1 almo/ to a day1 b little loss is suff]$ 9 ?is respect4 ,! same advantage is tak5 ( ! cold 9 ,canada1 & all o!r c\ntries1 :5 ! fro/ is suffici5tly /eady4 ,sub/ances1 s long z !y are h>d froz51 probably und]go no *emical *ange1 ( :i* ! mo/ /rik+ pro( 0 af=d$ by ! body ( an animal1 probably ant$iluvian1 be+ f\nd imb$d$ 9 a mass ( ice at ! m\? ( ! ,l5a2 b 9 ! act ( freez+1 or ( ! subsequ5t ?aw+1 "s alt]ation is produc$1 :i* affects ! nature ( ! sub/ance4 ,?is may be ei!r m]ely me*anical1 f ! p>ticles ( ice dur+ _! =mation1 te>+ asund] & sep>at+ ! fibres1 or *emical1 by de/roy+ ! intimate union ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! fluids1 z 9 w9e injur$ by hav+ be5 froz52 or by caus+ new comb9ations1 ( :i* we h an example 9 ! sweetness acquir$ by ! potatoe4 ,capta9 ,scoresby1 contr>y to popul> belief1 /ates1 t 8! mo/ surpris+ action ( ! fro/1 on fre% provision1 is 9 pres]v+ x a long "t f putrefaction1 ev5 aft] x is ?aw$ & returns into a w>m climate4#cd ,i h10 says he1 8eat5 unsalt$ mutton & beef ne>ly five mon?s old1 :i* has be5 con/antly expos$ to a temp]ature above ! freez+ po9t = f\r or five weeks 9 ! outset1 & occasionally assail$ by ! septical influ5ces ( ra91 fog1 heat1 & electricity1 & yet x has prov$ p]fectly sweet4 ,x may be rem>k$1 t unsalt$ meat t has be5 pres]v$ f\r or five mon?s 9 a cold climate1 & !n br\ght back to ! ,briti% coa/s dur+ ! w>m? ( summ]1 mu/ be consum$ v spe$ily aft] x is cut into1 or x w fail 9 a day or two4 ,x w seldom1 inde$1 keep sweet aft] be+ cook$ above tw5ty or ?irty h\rs40 #cd ,acc\nt ( ! ,arctic ,regions1 ) a ,hi/ory & ,description ( ! ,nor!rn ,:ale ,fi%]y4 ,9 freez+ animal sub/ances1 = ! purpose ( pres]v+ !m1 no o!r precaution is necess>y ?an expos+ !m to a suffici5t degree ( cold4 8,animal sub/ances10 says ,capta9 ,scoresby1 8requisite z food1 ( all descriptions 7fi% except$71 may be tak5 to ,gre5l& & !re pres]v$ any l5g? ( "t1 )\t be+ smok$1 dri$1 or salt$4 ,no prep>ation ( any k9d is necess>y = _! pres]vation2 nor is any o!r precaution requisite1 except+ susp5d+ !m 9 ! air :5 tak5 on %ipbo>d1 %ield+ !m a little f ! sun & wet1 & imm]s+ !m occasionally 9 sea-wat]1 or ?r[+ sea-wat] ov] !m aft] heavy ra9s1 :i* w effectually prev5t putresc5cy on ! outw>d passage2 &1 9 ,gre5l&1 ! cold becomes a suffici5t pres]vation1 by freez+ !m z h>d z blocks ( wood4 ,! moi/ure is well pres]v$ by freez+1 a little f ! surface only evaporat+2 s t if cook$ :5 ?ree1 f\r1 or five mon?s old1 meat w frequ5tly appe> z pr(use ( gravy1 z if x _h be5 b rec5tly kill$40 ,capta9 ,scoresby has n in=m$ u :y fi% _c be tak5 to ,gre5l& 9 a froz5 /ate1 ?\gh ?is is a mode ( pres]vation mu* us$ 9 ,russia & ,g]many1 & ev5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"s att5tion is necess>y = ?aw+ provisions :i* h be5 froz54 8,:5 us$1 ! beef _c be divid$ b by an axe or saw2 ! latt] in/rum5t is pref]r$4 ,x is !n put into cold wat]1 f :i* x d]ives heat by ! =mation ( ice ar\nd x1 & soon ?aws2 b if put into hot wat]1 mu* ( ! gravy is extract$1 & ! meat is injur$ )\t be+ ?aw$ m readily4 ,if an attempt be made to cook x be=e x is ?aw$1 x may be burnt on ! outside1 :ile ! c5tre rema9s raw1 or actually 9 a froz5 /ate40 ,^! obs]vations1 :i* we h transcrib$ f ,capta9 ,scoresby1 an excell5t obs]v]1 agree ) ! directions ( e>li] writ]s4 ,?us ,krnitz says1#ce 8:5 fi% tak5 "u ! ice are froz51 lay !m 9 cold wat]1 :i* ?us draws ! ice out ( ! fi%1 s t x c be scrap$ (f _! scales4 ,!y ta/e mu* bett] aft]w>ds ?an :5 !y are all[$ to ?aw 9 a w>m room40 #ce ,encyclop4 ,vol4 ,x4 p4 #ehf4 ,pickles4 ,! antiseptic p[] ( v9eg> is employ$ ) advantage 9 dome/ic economy = pres]v+ f decay a v>iety ( fruits1 roots1 leaves1 & o!r p>ts ( vegetables1 :i* by a species ( ref9em5t & luxury1 are (t5 consid]$ z condim5ts to improve ! reli% ( sev]al k9ds ( food4 ,_! qualities1 no d\bt1 dep5ds almo/ entirely on ! v9eg>1 spice1 or salt imbib$ by !m4 ,! art ( prep>+ v9eg> pickles consi/s 9 impregnat+ ! vegetable sub/ances ) ! /ronge/ v9eg>1 to :i* are usually add$ a portion ( common salt1 & ! mo/ heat+ spices4 ,to effect ?is object1 ! sub/ance to be pickl$ is usually suff]$ to mac]ate1 or slightly boil$ ) ! acid1 & aft]w>ds kept infus$ 9 x1 toge!r ) spices & salt4 ,x is cu/om>y to impregnate ! article to be pickl$ fir/ 9 a /rong br9e ( common salt2 b ?is is n absolutely necess>y = ! pres]vation ( ! pickl$ sub/ance4 ,to facilitate ! action ( ! v9eg> or salt1 ! articles to be pickl$1 especially su* z walnuts1 cucumb]s1 c4 %\ld be punctur$ ) a l>ge ne$le or =k4 ,to assi/ _! pres]vation1 & to improve _! flav\r1 a v>iety ( pung5t & aromatic spices are add$1 :i* v>y accord+ to ! fancy ( ! cook2 pepp]1 pim5to1 cloves1 mace1 g+]1 capsicum1 & mu/>d1 are ! spices usually employ$4 ,= ! prep>ation ( acid pickles1 ! v9eg> prep>$ f wood1 z 9 itself conta9+ no sub/ance liable to a spontane\s decay1 is pref]able to common malt v9eg>1 al?\gh ! contr>y has be5 ass]t$1 because x is free f mucilage1 :i* promotes ! spoil+ ( common v9eg>1 & !re=e ! =m] is a bett] antiseptic ?an v9eg> ab\nd+ 9 mucilage4 ,we prep>e our home-made pickles ) ?is acid1 & we are au?oris$ to /ate t1 al?\gh kept = ye>s1 !y are inf]ior to none met ) 9 comm]ce4 ,all pickles %\ld be pres]v$ 9 unglaz$ e>!nw>e j>s1 c>efully cork$1 & ti$ ov] ) a bladd] to exclude air4 ,! v9eg> us$ = prep>+ !m %\ld always be heat$ 9 an unglaz$ e>!nw>e pan1 x %\ld nev] be suff]$ to boil1 b p\r$ ov] ! sub/ance to be pickl$1 j :5 x beg9s to simm]4 ,! spices may be simm]$ ) ! v9eg>4 ,,pickl$ ,,r$ ,,cabbage4 ,put slic$ r$ cabbage into a /one j>1 & /rew among/ x common salt2 !n heat v9eg> ne>ly to a boil+ po9t1 & p\r x ov] ! cabbage1 9 a suffici5t quantity to cov] ! slic$ leaves4 ,x is cu/om>y to add long pepp]1 allspice1 & g+]1 to ! v9eg>1 :i* imp>t to ! pickle a pung5t ta/e4 ,a small quantity ( p[d]$ co*9eal is also frequ5tly add$1 ) an int5t to give to ! cabbage a beautiful r$ col\r2 ! co*9eal %\ld be /rew$ among/ ! slic$ leaves previ\s to ! infusion ( ! v9eg>2 two dra*ms are suffici5t to "o p\nd ( cabbage4 ,r$ beet root is employ$ = a simil> purpose1 b ! =m] pigm5t1 :i* is p]fectly h>mless1 is pref]able4 ,:5 ! pickle is cold1 x %\ld be ti$ ov] ) a bladd] sk9 to exclude ! air4 ,,pickl$ ,,onions4 ,= ?is pickle ! small :ite r\nd onions1 ( ! size ( a *ild's play+ m>ble1 are usually *os54 ,hav+ peel$ (f ! ext]ior br[n coat ( ! onions1 simm] !m 9 wat]1 till _! out] lay]s h acquir$ a semi-transp>5cy1 7n long]71 !n /ra9 (f ! wat]1 & suff] ! onions to dry2 put !m into an unglaz$ e>!n j> & p\r ov] !m s mu* col\rless v9eg>1 previ\sly heat$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t1 z w cov] !m4 ,! season+ spices usually add$ are :ite pepp]1 g+] root1 :ite mu/>d se$1 mace1 & salt4 ,,pickl$ ,,walnuts4 ,take unripe walnuts2 run a l>ge ne$le ?r\gh ea* 9 sev]al places2 suff] !m to mac]ate = t5 or twelve days1 9 a /rong br9e ( common salt4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 decant ! br9e1 transf] ! walnuts into a /one j>1 & p\r v9eg>1 previ\sly heat$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t1 ov] !m1 9 a suffici5t quantity to cov] !m4 ,!y may be season$ ) long pepp]1 capsicum1 g+]1 mu/>d se$1 mace1 & pim5to4 ,^! sub/ances %\ld be simm]$ ) ! v9eg> = a few m9utes4 ,! walnuts w n be fit = use till :5 ab\t six mon?s old4 ,,pickl$ ,,cucumb]s4 ,p]=ate fre% ga!r$ cucumb]s1 ) a ne$le1 or =k1 put !m into a /one j>1 & p\r ov] !m boil+ hot v9eg>4 ,season ) salt1 pim5to1 long pepp]1 & g+]4 ,^! sub/ances %\ld be simm]$ ) ! v9eg> = a few m9utes4 ,to ?is pickle is sometimes int5tionally giv5 a lively gre5 col\r1 by copp]1 & num]\s fatal consequ5ces are kn[n to h ensu$ f ! use ( su* a practice4#cf #cf ,treatise on ! ,adult]ation ( ,food & ,cul9>y ,poisons1 #ahba4--8,poison\s ,pickles40 ,if pickl$ cucumb]1 or any o!r k9d ( vegetable pickle1 be want$ ( a lively gre5 col\r1 x may readily be effect$ by soak+ !m :5 ready prep>$1 = a few m9utes1 fir/ 9 t9cture ( turm]ic1 & !n 9 a dilut$ solution ( ! col\r+ matt] ( indigo1 dissolv$ 9 wat]4#cg ,?is me?od ( /ra9+ ! pickle is p]fectly h>mless4 #cg ,?is sub/ance is call$1 at ! col\r-%ops1 int5se 7n liquid blue1 :i* is q a diff]5t prep>ation ( ,indigo17 blue4 ,samphire1 ,fr5* beans1 tomatoes1 capsicum pods1 na/urtium & raddi% pods1 may be pickl$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,pickl$ ,,r$ ,,beet-,,root4 ,boil ! root till suffici5tly done2 peel x & cut x into ?9 slices4 ,put x into a /one j>1 & p\r ov] x :ite v9eg>1 season$ ) long pepp]1 horse-raddi%1 cut into small slices1 allspice1 cloves1 & salt4 ,,pickl$ ,,mu%rooms4 ,hav+ peel$ small button mu%rooms1 put !m 9 a /rong br9e ( salt = ?ree or f\r days2 /ra9 (f ! br9e1 & p\r ov] !m boil+ hot v9eg>3 season ) long pepp]1 g+]1 & mace4 ,,pickl$ ,,arti*oke4 ,take l>ge fre% ga!r$ arti*okes1 boil & simm] !m till !y are ne>ly t5d]1 remove ! leaves & *oke1 & put ! bottom "p ( ! arti*oke 9 a salt br9e = ab\t =ty-eight h\rs2 !n /ra9 (f ! br9e1 put ! arti*oke into a j>1 & cov] x ) v9eg>1 previ\sly heat$ to ! boil+ po9t1 & season$ ) pepp]1 salt1 es*alots1 & mace4 ,,s\r ,,kraut4 ,m4 ,p>m5ti] has giv5 a m9ute description ( a process ( mak+ s\r kraut on ! l>ge scale4 ,! heads ( :ite w9t] cabbages1 aft] remov+ ! out] leaves1 are to be cut into f9e %r$s1 by means ( a knife1 or ) a plane1 & spread out to dry ^u a clo? 9 ! %ade4 ,a cask is to be set on end1 ) ! head tak5 out4 ,if x =m]ly conta9$ v9eg> or w9e1 s mu* ! bett]1 z x w promote ! f]m5tation1 & give ! cabbage a m v9\s ta/e2 if n1 ! inside may be rubb$ ov] ) s\r kraut liquor4 ,c>away se$s are to be mix$ ) ! %r$s ( cabbage1 a good lay] ( salt is plac$ at ! bottom ( ! cask1 & !n cabbage %r$s ev5ly pack$1 to ! dep? ( f\r or six in*es4 ,! lay]s are regul>ly /amp$ d[n ) a wood5 /amp]1 to half _! orig9al bulk4 ,! same process is to be repeat$1 ) additional lay]s ( salt1 & %r$s1 till ! :ole be pack$4 ,!y are !n to be cov]$ ) a lay] ( salt1 or till ! b>rel be fill$ )9 two in*es ( ! top1 ov] :i* ! outside leaves ( ! cabbages are to be spread4 ,ab\t two p\nds ( salt are requir$ = tw5ty middl+ siz$ cabbages4 ,! head ( ! b>rel1 :i* %\ld h be5 previ\sly well fa/5$ toge!r1 is la/ly to be put )9 ! b>rel above ! leaves1 & load$ ) /ones1 to prev5t ! mixture f ris+ dur+ ! f]m5tation4 ,! mass ?us compress$ subsides1 & ! cabbage gives out its juice1 :i* rises to ! surface1 x is gre51 muddy1 & ftid4 ,x is to be drawn (f by a spigot plac$ two or ?ree in*es f ! bottom1 & re-plac$ by fre% br9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ notice may s]ve to rem9d ! read] ( ! "t :5 ! v>i\s articles = prep>+ pickles are 9 season4 ,na/urtium pods fit = pickl+1 are 9 season 9 ! middle ( ,july4 ,onions1 by ! middle & end ( ,july4 ,cucumb]s1 ! latt] "p ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,capsicum pods1 ! end ( ,july & beg9n+ ( ,augu/4 ,tomatas1 or ,love ,apples1 ! end ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,caulifl[]1 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,arti*okes1 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,radi% pods1 9 ,july4 ,fr5* ,beans1 9 ,july4 ,mu%rooms1 9 ,septemb]4 ,r$ ,cabbage1 9 ,augu/4 ,samphire1 9 ,augu/4 ,,mu%room ,,catsup4 ,! "n ( catsup is giv5 to sev]al k9ds ( liquid pickles1 made ( sav\ry vegetable sub/ances1 su* z mu%rooms1 walnuts1 c4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( prep>+ mu%room catsup is copi$ f ! ,cook's ,oracle3-- ,take full gr[n mu%rooms2 put a lay] ( !m at ! bottom ( a deep e>!n pan1 & spr9kle !m ) salt1 !n ano!r lay] ( mu%rooms1 put "s m salt on !m1 & s on1 alt]nately1 salt & mu%rooms2 let !m rema9 two or ?ree h\rs1 by :i* "t ! salt w h p5etrat$ ! mu%rooms1 & r5d]$ !m easy to break2 ma% !m well & let !m rema9 = a c\ple ( days1 /irr+ !m up1 & ma%+ !m well ea* day2 !n p\r !m into a /one j>1 & to ea* qu>t add half an ounce ( :ole black pepp]2 /op ! j> v close1 set x 9 a /ew-pan ( boil+ wat]1 & keep x simm]+ = two h\rs at lea/4 ,take out ! j>1 & p\r (f ! juice cle> f ! s$im5t ?r\gh a hair sieve into a /ewpan 7)\t squeez+ ! mu%rooms72 let x boil up1 skim x1 & p\r x into a dry j>2 let x /& till next day1 !n p\r x (f z g5tly z possible1 ?r\gh a tammis1 or flannel bag1 7s z n to di/urb ! s$im5t at ! bottom ( ! j>47 ,bottle x 9 p9ts or half p9ts2 = x is be/ to keep x 9 su* quantities z are soon us$3 9 ea* p9t1 put a doz5 b]ries ( black pepp]1 ! same ( allspice1 & a table-spoonful ( br&y4 ,,tomata ,,catsup4 ,ma% a gallon ( ripe tomatas2 add to x "o p\nd ( salt1 press out ! juice1 & to ea* qu>t add a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( an*ovies1 two ounces ( e%allots1 & an ounce ( gr\nd black pepp]2 simm] ! mixture = a qu>t] ( an h\r2 !n /ra9 x ?r\gh a sieve1 & put to x a qu>t] ( an ounce ( p\nd$ mace1 ! same quantity ( allspice1 g+]1 & nutmeg1 & half a dra*m ( co*9eal2 let ! :ole simm] = tw5ty m9utes1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a bag3 :5 cold1 bottle x3 ,or1 put tomatas into an e>!n pan1 & bake !m v sl[ly 9 an ov54 ,rub ! pulp ?r\gh a hair sieve1 to sep>ate ! se$s & sk9s4 ,to e p\nd1 by weight1 ( ! pulp1 add a p9t & a qu>t] ( v9eg>1 ) a dra*m ( mace1 g+]1 cloves1 allspice1 & "o ounce ea* ( :ite pepp]1 & m9c$ e%allot4 ,simm] !m = half an h\r1 & /ra9 (f ! liquid4 ,,walnut ,,catsup4 ,take #bh lbs4 ( unripe walnuts :5 q t5d]1 r$uce !m to a pulp 9 a m>ble mort>2 add to ! mass two gallons ( v9eg>2 let x /& ?ree or f\r days2 to ea* gallon ( liquor1 put a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( m9c$ e%allots1 half an ounce ( bruis$ cloves1 ! same ( mace & black pepp]1 "o tea-spoonful ( ,cay5ne pepp]1 & a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( salt3 give x a boil up1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a flannel4 ,cons]v$ ,fruits4 ,! pres]v+ ( ! pulpy fruits employ$ 9 h\sekeep+ = mak+ fruit pies1 t>ts & pudd+s1 s z to r5d] !m fit = t purpose1 :5 !y _c be procur$ 9 _! rec5t /ate1 is an object ( consid]able importance 9 e well regulat$ family4 ,! exp5ce ( sug> is frequ5tly urg$ z a reason = n cons]v+ fruits 9 h\sekeep+1 & to ?is may be add$ ! unc]ta9ty ( success f ! /rong f]m5table quality ( _m fruits1 if ! sug> has n be5 v lib]ally add$4 ,!y may inde$ be cons]v$ = a l5g? ( "t )\t sug>1 by bak+ !m 9 an ov51 & !n closely /opp+ !m up2 b if ! cork becomes dry1 ! atmosph]ic air ex*anges place ) :at is impregnat$ by ! fruit1 :i* !n soon becomes m\ldy2 "s pulpy fruits may be cons]v$ 9 good condition by ! foll[+ me?od1 = ye>s1 or ev5 x is probable = a long] p]iod1 9 hot climates4 ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,rec5t ,,fruits ,,)\t ,,sug>4 ,! foll[+ fruits may be cons]v$ )\t sug>4 ,! m juicy fruits ( ! b]ry k9d1 su* z currants1 mulb]ries1 /rawb]ries1 raspb]ries1 are n well calculat$ = ?is process4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,cons]v+ ,,gooseb]ries1 ,orlean ,plums ,gre5 ,gages ,damsons ,pea*es ,nect>9es ,bullaces4 ,let ! fruit be clean pick$1 & n too ripe1 put x into wide-m\!d1 or :at are call$ gooseb]ry bottles1 let ! bottles be fill$ z full z !y c be pack$1 & /ick ! corks lightly into !m2 !n place !m upright 9 a saucepan ( wat]1 heat$ gradually to ab\t #ajj or #agj ,f4 t is1 until ! wat] feels v hot to ! f+]1 b does n scald4 ,let ?is degree ( heat be kept up = half an h\r1 !n remove ! bottles "o by "o1 & fill !m up to )9 half an in* ( ! cork ) boil+ wat]2 :5 cold let ! cork be fitt$ v close1 & lay ! bottles on _! sides1 t ! cork may be kept moi/ by ! wat]4 ,to prev5t f]m5tation & m\ld1 ! bottles mu/ be turn$ once or twice a week = ! fir/ mon? or two1 & once or twice a mon? aft]w>ds4 ,:5 appli$ to use1 "s ( ! liquor fir/ p\r$ (f may s]ve to be put into ! pie1 or pudd+1 in/ead ( wat]1 & ! rema9d] be+ boil$ up ) a little sug>1 makes a ri* & agreeable syrup4 ,! fruit ought n be crack$ by ! heat2 "s trials 7 made by keep+ ! bottles 9 a heat ( #aij = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 b ! fruit 0 r$uc$ ne>ly to a pulp4 ,x is also advisable t ! fruit be n q ripe1 nor %\ld x be bruis$4 ,"s fruits may be pres]v$ 9 a succul5t /ate by be+ kept 9 wat]1 )\t boil+4 ,?is is practis$ 9 reg>d to ! cranb]ry3 x also succe$s ) ! small] k9ds ( apples4 ,all pulpy fruits1 su* z damsons1 plums1 c41 if ga!r$ :5 n q ripe1 & n w\nd$1 may likewise be pres]v$1 by putt+ !m into dry bottles1 s z to exclude ! air1 by seal+ ov] ! cork1 & !n bury+ !m 9 a tr5*1 ) ! cork d[nw>ds4 ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,rec5t ,,fruits1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,sug>1 ,,9 ,a ,,liquid ,,/ate4 ,a great numb] ( fruits 9 _! natural /ate may be cons]v$ 9 a fluid1 transp>5t syrup1 ( su* a consi/5ce z w prev5t !m f spoil+4 ,?is me?od ( cons]v+ fruits requires "s c>e2 = if !y are too little impregnat$ ) sug>1 !y d n keep1 & if ! syrup is too conc5trat$1 ! sug> cry/allizes1 & ?us spoils ! cons]v$ fruit4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,cons]v+ ,,apricots ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,sug>4 ,plums ,damsons ,gre5 ,gages ,pea*es ,nect>9es4 ,take apricots1 n too ripe1 cut a small slit ne> ! /em end ( ! fruit1 & pu% out ! /one2 simm] !m 9 wat] till ne>ly half done1 !n peel !m1 & simm] !m aga9 = ab\t tw5ty m9utes 9 a syrup1 made ( two p>ts by measure ( wat]1 & "o "p by weight ( loaf sug>4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 put !m aside = ab\t twelve h\rs2 /ra9 (f ! syrup1 & to "o p9t ( x add f\r ounces ( lump sug>1 simm] ! fruit aga9 = ab\t t5 m9utes 9 ?is conc5trat$ syrup2 skim (f ! impurities t rise to ! surface1 & repeat ! simm]+ ( ! fruit 9 ! syrup ?ree or f\r times2 &1 la/ly1 put ! apricots into pots1 & cov] !m ) a syrup made ( sev5 ounces1 by measure1 ( wat]1 & "o p\nd ( loaf sug>4 ,tie ov] or cork ! j> to exclude ! air4 ,,cons]v$ ,,p9e ,,apples4 ,break (f ! top & /alk ( ! p9e apple1 cut ! fruit into slices1 ab\t "o-fif? ( an in* 9 ?ickness2 put ! slices into an e>!nw>e j>1 at ! bottom ( :i* has be5 previ\sly put a lay] ( p[d]$ lump sug>1 ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,place on ?is /ratum ( sug>1 a lay] ( ! slices ( ! fruit1 !n put ano!r lay] ( sug>1 & s on2 la/ly1 put ! j> up to ! neck into a saucepan ( boil+ wat]1 & keep ! wat] boil+ = ab\t half an h\r1 or till ! sug> is completely dissolv$1 tak+ c>e to remove ! scum t rises on ! surface4 ,tie ov] ! m\? ( ! j> ) a wet bladd]1 or keep x well cork$4 ,,cons]v$ ,,pe>s4 ,put peel$ pe>s 9 a /one pan ) wat]1 let !m simm] till !y are s(t1 skim !m1 & :5 cold simm] !m = ab\t t5 m9utes 9 a syrup made ( ?ree p>ts by measure1 ( wat]1 & "o by weight ( loaf sug>1 let !m rema9 9 ! syrup till ! next day2 !n p\r (f ! syrup f ! pe>s1 simm] !m aga9 = ab\t t5 m9utes1 & repeat ! simm]+ 9 ! syrup ?ree or f\r times successively4 ,!y are usually col\r$ r$ by p[d]$ co*9eal1 a small portion ( :i* is add$ dur+ ! boil+ process4 ,"s p]sons add c9namon1 & o!r spices1 & a portion ( port w9e4 ,if ! pe>s be n int5d$ to keep1 !y may be simm]$ till done 9 a syrup1 compos$ ( "o p\nd ( sug> & ?ree p9ts & a half ( wat]4 ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,rec5t ,,fruits1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,sug>1 ,,9 ,a ,,solid ,,=m4 ,! "n ( c&i$ fruits1 or comfits1 is giv5 to su* sub/ances z are pres]v$ by means ( sug> 9 a solid /ate1 s t ! :ole sub/ance is impregnat$ & cov]$ ) sug>1 9 a cry/all9e1 or solid /ate4 ,,c&i$ ,,orange1 ,,or ,,lemon ,,peel4 ,soak ,seville orange peel1 well clean$ f ! pulp 9 sev]al wat]s1 till x loses its bitt]ness2 cut x into ?9 slips1 simm] !m 9 a syrup compos$ ( two p>ts1 by weight1 ( lump sug>1 & "o ( wat]1 & cont9ue ! simm]+ till !y are become t5d]1 & ne>ly transp>5t4 ,!n take !m out1 put !m aside = ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 & simm] !m aga9 9 a suffici5t quantity ( a syrup compos$ ( six ounces1 by measure1 ( wat]1 & "o p\nd ( loaf sug>1 & cont9ue ! simm]+ till ! sug> c&ies ab\t ! pan & peel4 ,n[ lay !m sep>ately on a wire sieve to dra92 sift f9ely p[d]$ sug> ov] !m1 :il/ /ill hot1 & put !m to dry 9 a w>m /ove4 ,c&i$ lemon peel may be prep>$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,m>malades1 ,jams1 ,,& ,fruit ,pa/es4 ,m>malades1 ,fruit ,jams1 & ,pa/es1 are compositions ( ! pulpy matt] ( rec5t ,fruits1 or o!r vegetable sub/ances1 s comb9$ into a mass ) sug>1 z w cause !m to suff] z little alt]ation z possible 9 _! native qualities4 ,^! comfitures are !re=e 9 reality solid extracts ( ! pulpy matt] ( fruit cons]v$ by means ( sug>4 ,! evaporation ( ! mass is mo/ conv5i5tly p]=m$ 9 broad holl[ vessels2 ! l>g] ! surface ( ! vessel1 ! soon] w ! aque\s p>ts exhale4 ,:5 ! pulpy matt] beg9s to gr[ ?ick1 great c>e is necess>y to prev5t its burn+4 ,?is accid5t is almo/ unavoidable if ! quantity be l>ge1 & ! fire appli$1 z usual1 "u ! pan2 x may be effectually prev5t$1 by p\r+ ! mass1 :5 x has acquir$ ! consi/5ce ( syrup1 into %all[ e>!n pans1 & plac+ ^? 9 an ov5 ) its door op51 mod]ately heat$2 :i*1 act+ uni=mly on e "p ( ! liquid1 w soon r$uce x to any degree ( consi/5ce requir$4 ,?is may likewise be done1 & m securely1 by sett+ ! evaporat+ vessels 9 boil+ wat]2 b ! evaporation is 9 ?is way v t$i\s4 ,! application ( /eam by means ( :at is call$ a pres]v+ pan1 is ! be/ contrivance = prep>+ jams1 fruit pa/es1 & all o!r cul9>y prep>ations1 :i* are liable to become injur$ by a degree ( heat exce$+ t ( boil+ wat]4 ,,black ,,currant ,,pa/e4 ,ma% ! currants 9 a b[l or m>ble mort>1 s z to break all ! b]ries )\t mat]ially bruis+ ! se$s2 put ! mass into a saucepan1 & heat x ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t2 !n rub x ?r\gh a sieve to sep>ate ! se$s4 ,to "o p9t measure ( ! pulpy juice1 add "o p\nd & a half ( loaf sug>1 let ! mixture simm] g5tly ov] ! fire1 & keep /irr+ x to prev5t x burn+ at ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,cont9ue ! simm]+ till ! mass1 :5 cold1 assumes ! consi/5ce ( a /iff1 or almo/ solid pa/e1 :i* may be readily kn[n by plac+ f "t to "t a tea spoonful ( x on a cold plate4 ,:5 ! mass has acquir$ ! prop] consi/5ce1 p\r x out on a m>ble slab1 or e>!nw>e plate1 & cont9ue ! fur!r exsiccation by putt+ x 9 a /ove1 or on a hot he>?4 ,,apricot ,,pa/e1 ,pea* ,pa/e ,plum ,pa/e ,*]ry ,pa/e ,qu9ce ,pa/e4 ,take ripe apricots1 boil !m till q s(t1 ma% !m1 & rub ! mass ?r\gh a spl9t] sieve1 put ! pulp into a pan1 & to e p\nd put half a p\nd ( p[d]$ loaf sug>2 put x aga9 on ! fire to simm] till ! pa/e drops (f easily f ! spoon1 !n take x f ! fire & p\r x on a slab4 ,pea*1 qu9ce1 plum1 & *]ry pa/e1 may be prep>$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,raspb]ry ,,pa/e4 ,ma% ! raspb]ries1 & hav+ heat$ ! mass 9 a saucepan1 pass x ?r\gh a spl9t] sieve2 simm] ! mass g5tly to ! consi/5ce ( a pa/e1 & to e p\nd & a qu>t] ( ! pulp1 add "o p\nd & a half ( p[d]$ loaf sug>1 & proce$ z be=e direct$4--,see black currant pa/e4 ,,orange ,,& ,,lemon ,,pa/e4 ,squeeze out ! juice ( ,seville oranges1 & boil ! r9ds 9 wat] till !y are t5d] en\gh to be cru%$ betwe5 ! f+]2 scoop out ! pulp ( ! fruit1 & put x aside2 p\nd ! r9d1 9 a mort>1 to =m a smoo? mass1 pass x ?r\gh a spl9t] sieve2 add to x ! juice1 & keep x on ! fire till ! mass acquires ! consi/5ce ( a pa/e2 !n take x (f1 weigh x1 & to e p\nd & a qu>t] add two p\nds ( p[d]$ loaf sug>2 mix & f9i% x l black currant pa/e4 ,see page #bfj4 ,lemon pa/e is made 9 a l mann]4 ,,raspb]ry ,,jam4 ,/rawb]ry ,jam ,currant ,jam ,gooseb]ry ,jam ,mulb]ry ,jam4 ,hav+ ma%$ ! raspb]ries1 put !m into a saucepan1 & make !m boil+ hot2 rub ! pulp ?r\gh a co>se spl9t] sieve1 & to a p9t1 by measure1 add "o p\nd ( p[d]$ loaf sug>2 simm] ! mixture ) a g5tle heat till ! mass has acquir$ ! consi/5ce ( a /iff pa/e1 & comes (f f ! bottom ( ! pan1 tak+ c>e to /ir ! mixture cont9ually ) a wood5 spatula :5 x beg9s to ?ick54 ,put ! jam into pots1 :i* %\ld be p]fectly dry1 = ! lea/ damp spoils x4 ,:5 q cold1 tie x ov]4 ,/rawb]ry1 currant1 gooseb]ry1 & mulb]ry jam1 may be prep>$ 9 a l mann]4 ,,apricot ,,jam4 ,take ripe apricots1 cut !m into pieces1 & remove ! /ones2 ma% ! fruit 9 a m>ble mort>1 to =m x into a smoo? pulp2 heat x ov] ! fire1 & :5 ne>ly boil+ hot1 rub x ?r\gh a spl9t] sieve2 add to "o p9t1 by measure1 ( ! pulp1 "o p\nd ( p[d]$ sug>2 /ir ! mixture toge!r1 & suff] x to simm] ov] ! fire till x comes cle> f ! bottom ( ! pan1 tak+ c>e to /ir ! mixture all ! "t4 ,,orange ,,m>malade4 ,m>malades sc>cely diff] f jams4 ,?is "n is appli$ to ^? comfitures :i* are compos$ ( ! firm] fruits1 su* z qu9ces1 p9e-apples1 c42 :]eas jams are made ( ! m juicy1 escul5t b]ries1 su* z /rawb]ries1 currants1 mulb]ries1 c4 ,cut ! oranges into pieces1 remove ! pulp1 squeeze x ?r\gh a sieve1 & measure x4 ,boil ! r9d 9 wat] till x is q s(t1 !n cle> x f ! int]ior side ( ! :ite pulpy mass1 s t no?+ b ! ?9 out] yell[ r9d is left4 ,to e p9t ( ! pulpy juice add ?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd ( co>sely p[d]$ loaf sug>1 & add also ! r9d ( ! yell[ orange1 cut into ?9 slips4 ,let ! :ole simm]1 till a sample1 :5 tak5 out ( ! saucepan1 & suff]$ to cool on a plate1 exhibits ! consi/5ce ( a semi-fluid mass4 ,,pea* ,,m>malade4 ,peel ! pea*es & take out ! /ones1 simm] !m till half done1 !n dra9 !m1 r$uce !m to a pulp1 & squeeze ! mass ?r\gh a co>se spl9t] sieve4 ,weigh ! pulp1 & to e p\nd add twelve ounces ( p[d]$ loaf sug>2 simm] ! mass till x has acquir$ a /iff pa/y consi/5ce4 ,,p9e ,,apple ,,m>malade4 ,cut ! fruit into small pieces1 p\nd x 9 a mort>1 & pass ! mass ?r\gh a co>se spl9t] sieve2 weigh ! pulp1 & add to e p\nd ?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd ( p[d]$ loaf sug>1 & six ounces ( wat]1 & simm] x z be=e describ$4 ,,apricot ,,m>malade4 ,boil ripe apricots 9 wat] till !y c be cru%$ betwe5 ! f+]s1 !n take !m out1 extract ! /ones1 r$uce ! fruit to a pulp1 & pass ! mass ?r\gh a sieve2 weigh ! pulp1 & to e p\nd take ?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd ( loaf sug>2 simm] x till x hangs on ! spoon1 l a /iff jelly4 ,qu9ce m>malade may be prep>$ 9 a l mann]4 ,,fruit ,,jellies ,are comp\nds ( ! juices ( fruits comb9$ ) sug>1 conc5trat$ by boil+ to su* a consi/5ce1 t ! liquid1 ^u cool+1 assumes ! =m ( a tremul\s glue4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( jellies1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to boil x too long1 z x looses by ?is means ! prop]ty ( gelat9is+1 & assumes ! =m ( mucilage1 ! dang] ( ?is is greate/ :5 ! quantity ( sug> is too small to absorb ! wat] ( ! juice4 ,fruit jellies %\ld n be kept 9 glaz$ e>!nw>e pots1 because !y act1 or dissolve a portion ( ! glaze4 ,!y %\ld 7& all o!r comfitures7 be cov]$ ) pap] dipp$ 9 br&y1 & ! pots %\ld be ti$ ov] ) pap]4 ,,currant ,,jelly4 ,ma% ! currants1 & pass !m ?r\gh a spl9t] sieve1 put ! pulp on ! fire1 /ir x ) a spoon till x beg9s to boil1 !n /ra9 ! mass ?r\gh a flannel bag to r5d] ! juice cle>2 measure x1 & to a p9t put "o p\nd & a half ( loaf sug>1 & let x simm] v g5tly1 till y see1 by dipp+ a spoon or skimm] 9 ! jelly1 & aga9 rais+ x1 ! jelly =ms a web ^u x1 :i*1 if simm]$ en\gh1 w rema9 on ! skimm]4 ,!n take x (f ! fire1 let x /& a few m9utes till ! scum has collect$ on ! surface1 remove x & put ! cle> fluid into pots4 ,:5 q cold1 cut pieces ( writ+ pap] to ! size ( ! brim ( ! pots1 /eep ! pap] 9 br&y & place x on ! jelly4 ,,raspb]ry ,,jelly4 ,! juice ( ?is fruit does n gelat9ize readily on acc\nt ( ! quantity ( mucilage :i* x conta9s2 h5ce1 = prep>+ a jelly by means ( ?is fruit1 x is necess>y to add to "o "p ( raspb]ries at lea/ two p>ts ( r$ or :ite currant juice4 ,! jelly may !n be obta9$ by foll[+ ! directions /at$ = mak+ currant jelly4 ,,b>b]ry ,,jelly4 ,pick ! b>b]ries f ! /alks1 ma% !m1 & hav+ heat$ ! mass 9 a saucepan ?r[ x into a flannel bag1 to /ra9 (f ! juice4 ,to "o p9t ( ! cle> juice add "o p\nd & a half ( loaf sug>1 simm] x ) a g5tle heat till x gelat9izes4 ,,gooseb]ry ,,jelly4 ,take two qu>ts ( bruis$ gooseb]ries1 simm] ! mass ) "o p9t & a half ( wat] = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 !n put x into a flannel bag to /ra9 (f ! juice1 & to "o p9t add "o p\nd & a half ( lump sug>2 simm] x1 z /at$ "u ! article currant jelly4 ,,apple ,,jelly4 ,p>e f\r p\nds ( russett9s or any o!r sub-acid apples1 cut !m into small pieces1 & boil !m 9 two qu>ts ( wat]1 till !y become q s(t1 !n put !m into a sieve1 /ra9 (f ! liquid1 & run x ?r\gh a flannel bag to r5d] x cle>2 measure x1 & to "o p9t ( ! liquid add "o p\nd & a half ( sug>1 & f9i% ! jelly z be=e direct$4 ,see ,currant ,jelly4 ,,qu9ce ,,& ,,apricot ,,jelly ,may be prep>$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,,fruit ,,syrups4 ,a weak syrup has a t5d5cy to f]m5t & quickly become s\r if kept 9 a temp]ate degree ( heat2 x is !re=e n calculat$ to prev5t ! natural f]m5tation ( vegetable juices1 :i* always increase its t5d5cy to corrupt4 ,ph>maceuti/s h asc]ta9$ t a solution1 prep>$ by dissolv+ two p>ts ( d\ble ref9$ sug> 9 "o ( wat]1 or any wat]y fluid1 & boil+ ! solution a little1 =ms a syrup1 :i* nei!r f]m5ts nor cry/allizes2 & ?is proportion may be consid]$ z ! basis ( all syrups1 & seems to be ! degree ( boil+ syrup call$ smoo? by ! confection]s4 ,aft] hav+ squeez$ ! fruit = ! syrup1 leave ! mass = sev]al days undi/urb$3 a slight f]m5tation takes place1 ?is w sep>ate ! mucilage & ?ick p>5*yma :i* r5d]$ ! juice viscid4 ,by degrees ^! matt]s subside1 & v (t5 ! liquor appe>s p]fectly cle>4 ,?is liquor may be sep>at$ by decantation3 put ! rema9+ matt] "u ! press1 & by ^! means a juice n s cle> z ! prec$+ is obta9$1 b :i* easily becomes cle> spontane\sly1 especially if put into bottles imm$iately on its be+ express$1 & suff]$ to f]m5t dur+ "s days2 by ?is means a transp>5t juice ( ! fruit is obta9$4 ,,lemon ,,syrup4 ,take a p9t ( fre% lemon juice1 add to x two p\nds ( lump sug>2 simm] x = a few m9utes1 & remove ! scum till ! surface is q clean1 !n add an ounce ( ?9 cut lemon-peel2 let !m all simm] v g5tly = a few m9utes1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a flannel4 ,:5 cool1 bottle1 & keep x 9 a cool place4 ,,orange ,,syrup4 ,squeeze ! oranges1 & /ra9 ! juice f ! pulp2 to a p9t ( ! juice1 add two p\nds ( sug>2 give x a boil1 skim x well1 /ra9 x ?r\gh a flannel1 & let x /& till cold1 & !n bottle x4 ,,mulb]ry ,,syrup4 ,take ,mulb]ry juice /ra9$1 r5d]$ cle> by hav+ suff]$ x to f]m5t1 z direct$ page #bgc1 "o p9t2 add to x ref9$ sug>1 two p\nds2 simm] ! sug> 9 ! juice1 & proce$ z direct$4--,see ,currant ,syrup4 ,,raspb]ry ,,& ,,currant ,,syrup ,may be prep>$ 9 a l mann]4 ,,pres]vation ,,& ,,/or+ ,,( ,,fruit1--,,pr9cipal ,,requisites ,,( ,a ,,good ,,fruit ,,room4 ,9 /or+ fruits1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to bruise !m4 ,pe>s1 apples1 & all o!r summ] fruit %\ld be plac$ on %elves s+ly 9 a dry & well air$ room1 & n on moss1 hay1 or /raw1 z is (t5 done1 because !y !reby contract a v disagreeable flav\r4 ,x is bett] to lay ! fruit on a clean %elf1 cov]$ ) a %eet ( common writ+ pap]2 br[n pap] gives !m a flav\r ( pit*4 ,! f9] l>ge k9ds ( pe>s %\ld n be all[$ to t\* "o ano!r1 b %\ld be laid s+le & di/9ct4 ,apples1 & all k9ds ( pe>s1 %\ld be laid ?92 nev] ti] above ti]1 :i* causes !m to sweat1 & und]go a k9d ( f]m5tation1 :i* r5d]s !m mealy4 ,a great deal ( ! pres]vation ( summ] fruit dep5ds on ! mann] ( ga!r+ !m4 ,aft] hav+ prep>$ ! fruit-room1 a f9e day is to be *os51 &1 if possible1 aft] two or ?ree prec$+ days ( dry wea!r1 & ab\t two 9 ! aft]noon ! fruit is to be ga!r$1 & deposit$ 9 baskets ( a mod]ate size1 tak+ c>e t none ( x receive any bruise or blemi%1 = ! injur$ "p soon rots & spoils ! s\nd fruit 9 contact ) x4 ,z ! summ] fruits rip5 m quickly aft] !y are pull$1 only a few days' consumption %\ld be ga!r$ at once4 ,autumn apples & pe>s %\ld be ga!r$ ab\t eight days be=e !y are ripe1 & inde$ "s k9ds nev] become fit = eat+ on ! tree4 ,if !y h be5 necess>ily ga!r$ 9 wet wea!r1 or e>ly 9 ! morn+1 !y %\ld be expos$ a day to ! sun to dry1 & !y %\ld on no acc\nt be wip$1 :i* rubs (f ! bloom1 z x is call$1 :i*1 :5 all[$ to dry1 on "s fruits1 con/itutes a natural v>ni%1 clos+ up ! pores1 & prev5t+ ! evaporation ( ! juices4 ,f9e pe>s may be pres]v$ by pass+ a ?read ?r\gh ! /ack1 & hav+ seal$ up ! end ( ! /ack ) a drop ( seal+ wax1 to hang !m up sep>ately 9 a cone ( pap]1 susp5d$ by ! ?read4 ,grapes keep mu* bett] :5 hang+ ?an :5 laid ^u a table1 & x is advisable also to seal ! cut end ) a drop ( seal+ wax2 or !y may be hung by ! /ack1 or by ! po9t ( ! bun*1 z ! grapes are ?us less press$ aga9/ ea* o!r2 b x is 9 bo? cases necess>y to visit !m f "t to "t1 & to cut (f ) a pair ( scissors e b]ry t is m\ldy or spoil$4 ,m artificial modes ( pres]v+ grapes 9 a succul5t /ate are sometimes us$1 & become necess>y = _! transportation to di/ant c\ntries4 ,!y are (t5 pack$ ) bran & saw du/4 ,if int5d$ = transportation !y %\ld n be q ripe4 ,! pr9cipal requisites ( a good fruit room are great dryness & equality ( temp]ature1 & ! p[] ( exclud+ light4 ,x %\ld be furni%$ ) a numb] ( %all[ trays1 support$ on a rack or /& "o above ano!r4 ,x %\ld h op5+s to admit fre% air dur+ f9e wea!r4 ,x %\ld be w>m$ dur+ fro/4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,rec5t ,,escul5t ,,roots1 ,,pot-,,h]bs1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,cul9>y ,,vegetables4 ,:5 x is necess>y to keep vegetables a few days be=e !y are made use (1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t !y receive z little injury z possible f keep+4 ,! rules are simple & easy3--vegetables ( diff]5t sorts %\ld n be left 9 ! same bundle1 or basket2 !y %\ld n be wa%$ till !y are ab\t to be us$2 b if !y h got flaccid1 or dry-%rivell$1 & wr9kly1 7n o!rwise17 !y %\ld be imm]s$ 9 wat]3 b to prev5t !m becom+ s1 ! be/ me?od is n to expose !m to ! sun or air1 b to keep !m 9 a cool1 d>k1 damp place1 n scatt]$ ab\t1 b close toge!r1 ?\gh n 9 great quantities1 le/ !y heat1 & a sort ( f]m5tation beg9s1 :i* de/roys ! quality altoge!r4--,/rong sc5t$ vegetables %\ld be kept ap>t f ^? t are inodor\s4 ,leeks or cell]y w quickly spoil a :ole basketful ( caulifl[]1 sallads1 or ! f9] vegetables4 ,ano!r g5]al rule1 z already /at$1 is1 t !y %\ld n be kept 9 wat] :5 fre%1 or refre%$ by spr9kl+ !m ) wat]1 7z is (t5 practis$17 till !y are to be us$1 = ! flav\r is !reby greatly injur$4 ,x is only :5 !y h become flaccid t !y %\ld be imm]s$ 9 wat] to re/ore _! crispness be=e !y are cook$1 o!rwise !y w be t\gh & unpalatable2 ?is is to be done1 :5 ! size ( ! vegetable admits ( x1 z caulifl[]1 sallad1 cell]y1 c41 by cutt+ (f a piece ( ! /alk & sett+ ! fre% surface1 ?us expos$1 9 wat]1 :i* w be absorb$2 9 o!r cases ! :ole vegetable mu/ be imm]s$ 9 wat]4 ,mo/ vegetable sub/ances be+ m or less succul5t1 _! full proportion ( fluids is necess>y = _! reta9+ t /ate ( crispness or plumpness :i* !y h :5 gr[+4 ,on be+ cut or ga!r$ ! exhalation f _! surface cont9ues1 :ile1 f ! op5 vessels ( ! cut surface1 !re is (t5 great exudation or evaporation1 & ?us _! natural moi/ure is dim9i%$1 & ! t5d] leaves become flaccid1 & ! ?ick] masses or roots lose _! plumpness4 ,?is is n only less pleasant to ! eye1 b is a real injury to ! nutriti\s p[]s ( ! vegetable2 = 9 ?is flaccid & %rivell$ /ate its fibres are less easily divid$ 9 *ew+1 & ! wat] :i* exi/s 9 vegetable sub/ances1 9 ! =m ( _! respective natural juices1 is directly nutriti\s4 ,! fir/ c>e 9 ! pres]vation ( succul5t vegetables1 !re=e1 is to prev5t !m f los+ _! natural moi/ure4 ,9 reg>d to ! t5d] succul5t vegetables ?is is n altoge!r possible2 because !re is a con/ant exhalation f _! surface1 :ile ! supply ( moi/ure is cut (f4 ,! pr9ciple ( pres]v+ !m1 !n1 is to ret>d & dim9i% ! exhalation4 ,ev5 gr[+ vegetables become flaccid 9 a hot sun1 because ! exhalation is !n great] ?an ! supply2 & exposure to ! sun is absolutely ru9\s to all ! m delicate vegetables4--,! op]ation ( heat & air is sl[] b simil>4 ,succul5t vegetables %\ld1 !re=e1 be kept 9 a cool1 %ady1 & damp place4 ,common s5se w sugge/ :at is be/1 :5 x is kn[n t to keep vegetables fre% = a %ort "t1 ! be/ way is to h9d] !m f becom+ too dry1 & !re=e to keep !m f heat & air1 & to avoid cru%+ or bruis+ !m4 ,if !y become froz5 9 ! cold ( w9t]1 !y %\ld be imm]s$ 9 cold wat] = an h\r or two1 & ! wat] %\ld be *ang$ once or twice4 ,! e>?y m\ld %\ld nev] be wa%$ f potatoes1 or any o!r sort ( roots1 till !y are to be dress$4 ,:5 potatoes1 turnips1 c>rots1 or any o!r roots are to be pres]v$ = a l5g? ( "t1 !y %\ld be cov]$ ) e>?1 or /raw & mats1 to pres]ve !m bo? f ! air & ! action ( fro/1 :i* is peculi>ly hurtful to all vegetable sub/ances4 ,sweet h]bs1 or sav\ry pot-h]bs %\ld be ga!r$ 9 a dry day4 ,cleanse !m well f dirt & du/1 cut (f ! roots1 sep>ate ! bun*es into small] ones1 & hang !m across a l9e 9 ! kit*51 :]e !re is a mod]ate heat1 :i* w dry !m 9 an excell5t mann]3 :5 p]fectly dry1 put !m 9 bags1 & lay !m by on a %elf 9 ! kit*51 !y w keep good = twelve mon?s1 & be ready 9 ! mom5t :5 want$3 or rub (f ! /alks1 put !m ?r\gh a co>se hair sieve1 & put ! p[d] into /opp$ bottles2 by ?is means _! flav\r is /ill bett] pres]v$4--,!y are 9 ! highe/ /ate ( p]fection j be=e !y beg9 to fl[]2 ! fir/ & la/ crop h nei!r ! f9e flav\r nor ! p]fume ( ^? :i* are ga!r$ 9 ! height ( ! season2 t is :5 ! great] "p ( ! crop ( ea* species is ripe at ! same p]iod4 99 99 99 99 99 ,basil is 9 ! be/ /ate = dry+ f ! middle & end ( ,augu/4 ,knott$ ,m>joram1 f ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 & dur+ ! :ole mon?4 ,w9t] ,savory1 ! latt] end ( ,july1 & ?r\gh\t ,augu/4 ,summ] ,savory1 ! latt] end ( ,july1 & ?r\gh\t ,augu/4 ,?yme1 ,lemon-,?yme1 & ,orange-,?yme1 dur+ ,june & ,july4 ,m9t1 ! latt] "p ( ,june1 & dur+ ,july4 ,sage1 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,t>ragon1 9 ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/4 ,v9eg>4 ,v9eg> may be made 9 ! small way f grapes1 gooseb]ries1 or o!r sub-acid fruits1 ) ! addition ( a portion ( ,muscovado sug>1 honey1 or malt wort4 ,9 ?is c\ntry v9eg> is prep>$ f a wort obta9$ by ! infusion ( malt$ gra92 ! f]m5tation be+ excit$ by yea/4 ,?is v9eg> is inf]ior 9 /r5g? & purity to t f w9e1 & is m liable to become m\ldy1 or suff] ! putrefactive f]m5tation4 ,& ?is appe>s to be ow+ to ! pres5ce ( a l>ge portion ( glut9\s matt]4 ,to make v9eg> = dome/ic use1 fit = keep+1 x is ess5tial t ! fluid employ$ = t purpose %\ld conta9 9 e gallon at lea/ ?ree p\nds ( sug>2 to all[ "s access ( air to ! vessel 9 :i* x is kept1 & to keep x 9 a temp]ature r high] ?an t ( ! atmosph]e 9 ?is climate1 t is ab\t #ge to #hj ,fahr4 ,x is also ess5tial1 :]e a liquor already f]m5t$ is employ$1 to add a portion ( yea/2 = ?\gh any f]m5t$ liquor1 if kept 9 a mod]ate temp]ature 9 an op5 vessel1 w spontane\sly run s\r1 or become *ang$ to v9eg>1 ?is *ange is too gradual to produce ?is acid 9 p]fection1 & ! fir/ acetifi$ portion turns m\ldy be=e ! la/ has become s\r3 b :]e ! sub/ance employ$ has n yet und]gone f]m5tation1 ! :ole process ( ! v9\s & subsequ5t acet\s f]m5tation w g on un9t]rupt$ly ) ! same f]m5t :i* at fir/ set x 9 action1 :i* happ5s1 = example1 9 ! mak+ v9eg> f malt1 or f fruit1 sug>1 & wat]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,gooseb]ry ,,v9eg>4 ,take gooseb]ries1 :5 full ripe1 ma% !m 9 a tub or m>ble mort>1 & to e qu>t ( ! ma%$ fruit1 put ?ree qu>ts ( wat]1 /ir ! pulp well toge!r1 let x /& #bd h\rs1 & press x ?r\gh a co>se bag4 ,to e gallon ( ! /ra9$ liquor add f\r p\nds ( br[n sug>1 or f\r p\nds & a half ( honey1 ! latt] is pref]able2 put ! mixture into a b>rel1 :i* x %\ld fill ab\t ?ree f\r?s1 & add to eight or n9e gallons ( x "o p9t ( good ale yea/2 cov] ! bung hole ( ! cask ) a slate1 to exclude du/1 & place ! b>rel 9 ! sun 9 summ]1 or a little away f a fire 9 w9t]4 ,! mixture w soon beg9 to f]m5t2 keep up ! f]m5tation by keep+ ! liquor at ! same temp]ature1 till ! ta/e & od\r indicate t ! v9eg> is complete4 ,:5 ! liquor has become p]fectly cle>1 draw x (f into bottles4 ,x w keep mu* bett] if x be heat$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t1 :i* is be/ accompli%$ by putt+ ! bottles conta9+ x 9 a saucepan ) wat]1 & caus+ ! wat] to boil = ab\t "o qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 remove ! bottles1 & :5 q cold cork !m4 ,e>!nw>e bottles are mu* less liable to crack1 dur+ ?is process1 ?an glass bottles4 ,,raspb]ry ,,v9eg>4 ,take a p\nd ( f9e ga!r$ r$ raspb]ries1 ma% !m 9 a wood5 b[l1 or e>!nw>e pan1 add to ! pulp a p9t & a half ( v9eg>2 make ! mixture boil+ hot1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a flannel bag4 ,to e p9t ( liquor add a p\nd ( lump sug>1 suff] x to simm] 9 an e>!n pipk9 = ab\t five m9utes1 & remove ! scum z x rises4 ,:5 cold put x into dry bottles4 ,or1 bett] ma% ! raspb]ries1 suff] !m to f]m5t till ! juice sep>ates f ! pulpy matt]2 !n add to a p9t ( ! mass a p9t & a half ( v9eg>1 let x simm] = a few m9utes1 & /ra9 x ?r\gh a flannel4 ,,*illi ,,v9eg>4 ,t>ragon ,v9eg> ,m9t ,v9eg> ,es*allot ,v9eg> ,burnet ,v9eg> ,put an ounce ( r$ *illies1 7capsicum7 cut into small pieces1 into a bottle conta9+ a p9t ( v9eg>1 /op ! bottle close1 & suff] ! *illies to mac]ate = eight or t5 days1 & !n /ra9 (f ! cle> infusion4 ,t>ragon1 m9t1 or burnet v9eg> may be made 9 a simil> way1 by suff]+ f\r ounces ( fre% ga!r$ t>ragon1 m9t1 or burnet1 7or ?ree ounces7 es*allots1 to mac]ate = eight or t5 days 9 a qu>t ( v9eg>4 ,tea4 ,! dri$ leaves ( ! tea plant1 a commodity ) :i* we are s well acqua9t$1 & :i* af=ds a bev]age s g5]ally us$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 mu/ excite curiosity to "k some?+ ( its natural hi/ory1 or ! nature ( ! plant f :i* x is obta9$4 ,! precise p]iod :5 tea 0 fir/ made kn[n 9 ,europe _c be asc]ta9$2 x is said t "s ,dut* adv5tur]s1 seek+ = su* objects z might fet* a high price 9 ,*9a1 & he>+ ( ! g5]al use !re ( a bev]age f a plant ( t c\ntry1 made !m fall ^u ! idea ( try+ :e!r n an ,european plant might be reli%$ by ! ,*9ese1 & become an article ( comm]ce among !m1 & accord+ly !y introduc$ to !m ! h]b ,sage1 ! adv5tur]s accept+ 9 return ! ,*9ese tea1 :i* !y br\ght to ,europe4 ,! ,european h]b did n cont9ue long 9 use 9 ,*9a1 b ! consumption ( tea has be5 amaz+ly increas+ 9 ,europe ev] s9ce4 ,x is g5]ally said1 t x 0 fir/ import$ f ,holl& into ,engl&1 ab\t #afff1 by "l ,arl+ton & "l ,ossory1 :o br\ght x into fa%ion among p ( quality4 ,b x 0 us$ 9 c(fee-h\ses be=e ?is p]iod1 z x appe>s by an act ( p>liam5t made 9 #affj1 9 :i* a duty ( #h;d4 0 laid on e gallon ( ! infusion sold 9 ^! places4 ,9 #afff x 0 sold 9 ,london = #fjs4 p] p\nd1 ?\gh x did n co/ m ?an #bs4 #f;d4 or #cs4 #f;d4 at ,batavia4 ,x cont9u$ at ?is price till #agjj4 ,9 #agae gre5 tea began to be us$2 & z great quantities 7 !n import$1 ! price 0 less5$1 & ! practice ( dr9k+ tea desc5d$ to ! l[] ranks4 ,9 #agbj1 ! ,fr5* began to s5d tea to u by a cl&e/9e comm]ce4 ,s9ce t p]iod ! dem& has be5 increas+ ye>ly1 & x has become almo/ a necess>y ( life 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,europe1 ev5 among ! l[e/ z well z ! highe/ ranks4 ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,tea ,,tree4 ,! tea tree 7,poly&ria ,monogynia7 is a native ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,tonqu91 x has nev] be5 f\nd gr[+ wild 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,l9nu says1 t !re are two species ( ?is plant1 ! ,bohea1 or black1 & ! ,viridis1 or gre5 tea4 ,! gre5 has mu* long] leaves ?an ! black1 x is a m h>dy plant2 &1 ) v little protection1 be>s ! sev]ity ( our w9t]s4 ,! tea is plant$ 9 ,*9a r\nd bord]s ( fields1 )\t reg>d to ! soil4 ,! tree atta9s ! height ( t5 or twelve feet1 & is an ev]gre53 ! leaves1 :i* are ! only valuable "p ( x1 are ab\t an in* & a half long1 & resemble ^? ( sweet bri]4 ,! fl[]s are some?+ l ! wild :ite-rose2 ! se$s are r\nd1 & blacki%1 ab\t ! size ( a l>ge pea4 ,z tea is a mo/ important article ( comm]ce to ! ,*9ese1 !y be/[ ! greate/ possible c>e ^u its cultivation4 ,! p ( ,*9a & ,japan take z mu* pa9s to procure tea1 ( excell5t quality1 z ! ,europeans d to obta9 good w9e2 !y g5]ally keep x a ye> be=e !y use x4 ,tea is propagat$ by se$s1 :i* are put into holes ab\t five in*es deep1 at regul> di/ances f ea* o!r2 f six to twelve be+ s[n toge!r1 z x is suppos$ t only a small numb] gr[4 ,:5 ! tree is ?ree ye>s old1 ! leaves are fit to be ga!r$2 & ! m5 :o collect !m we> gloves t ! flav\r may n be injur$4 ,!y d n pull !m by h&fuls1 b pick !m (f "o by "o1 tak+ great c>e n to break ! leaves1 & al?\gh ?is appe>s to be a v t$i\s process1 ea* p]son ga!rs f t5 to fifte5 p\nds a day4 ,! tea leaves are collect$ at ?ree diff]5t seasons3 :at are fir/ procur$1 :ile ! leaves are v "y1 are call$ imp]ial tea1 be+ g5]ally res]v$ = ! c\rt & p ( rank1 because !y are consid]$ z ( ! f9e/ quality4 ,! la/ ga!r+1 :5 ! leaves h atta9$ _! full gr[?1 is ! co>se/ tea ( all1 & is us$ by ! common p4 ,! leaves are fir/ expos$ to ! /eam ( boil+ wat]1 aft] :i* !y are put on plates ( copp]1 & held ov] a fire until !y become dry & %rivel$2 !y are !n tak5 (f ! plates ) a %ovel1 & spread ^u mats1 "s ( ! lab\r]s tak+ a small quantity at a "t 9 _! h&s1 :i* !y roll 9 "o direction1 :ile o!rs are cont9ually employ$ 9 /irr+ ^? on ! mats1 9 ord] t !y may cool ! soon]1 & reta9 _! %rivel$ appe>ance4 ,! adult]ation ( tea#ch has be5 practis$ 9 ?is c\ntry to an enorm\s ext5t4 #ch ,adult]ation ( ,food & ,cul9>y ,poisons1 & ,me?ods ( ,detect+ !m4--,see article ,tea4--#ahba4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,mak+ ,,tea1 ,,& ,,s+ul> ,,effects ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,tea ,,pots1 ,,on ,,! ,,infusion ,,( ,,tea4 ,x has be5 long obs]v$1 t ! infusion ( tea1 made 9 silv] or poli%$ metal tea-pots1 is /rong] ?an t :i* is produc$ 9 black1 or o!r k9ds ( e>!nw>e pots4 ,?is rem>k is expla9$ on ! pr9ciples1 t poli%$ surfaces reta9 heat mu* bett] ?an d>k r\gh surfaces1 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! caloric be+ conf9$ 9 ! =m] case1 mu/ act m p[]fully ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,x is fur!r c]ta91 t ! silv] or metal pot1 :5 fill$ a second "t1 produces worse tea ?an ! e>!nw>e vessel2 & t x is advisable to use ! e>!nw>e pot1 unless a silv] or metal "o c be procur$ suffici5tly l>ge to conta91 at once1 all t may be requir$4 ,^! facts are readily expla9$1 by consid]+ t ! action ( heat1 reta9$ by ! silv] vessel1 s f> exhau/s ! h]b1 z to leave v little soluble sub/ance = a second infusion2 :]eas1 ! r$uc$ temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 ! e>!nw>e pot1 by extract+ only a small portion at fir/1 leaves "s soluble matt] = ! action ( a subsequ5t infusion4 ,! reason = p\r+ boil+ wat] into ! teapot1 be=e ! infusion ( ! tea is made1 is1 t ! vessel1 be+ previ\sly w>m1 may ab/ract less heat f ! mixture1 & ?us admit a m p[]ful action4 ,nei!r is x difficult to expla9 ! fact1 :y ! infusion ( tea is /rong] if only a small quantity ( boil+ wat] be fir/ us$1 & m be add$ "s "t aft]w>ds1 = if we consid] t only ! wat] imm$iately 9 contact ) ! h]b c act ^u x1 & t x cools v rapidly1 especially 9 e>!nw>e vessels1 x is cle> t ! effect w be great] :]e ! heat is kept up by additions ( boil+ wat]1 ?an :]e ! vessel is fill$ at once1 & ! fluid suff]$ gradually to cool4 ,:5 ! infusion has once be5 complet$1 x is f\nd t any fur!r addition ( ! h]b only af=ds a v small increase 9 ! /r5g?1 ! wat] hav+ cool$ mu* bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 & consequ5tly act+ v slightly4 ,,japanese ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,tea4 ,! p ( ,japan r$uce _! tea to a f9e p[d]1 :i* !y dilute ) w>m wat] until x has acquir$ ! consi/5ce ( a ?9 s\p4 ,_! mann] ( s]v+ tea is z foll[s3--,!y place be=e ! company ! tea-equipage1 & ! caddy 9 :i* ?is p[d] is conta9$2 !y fill ! cups ) w>m wat]1 & tak+ f ! caddy z mu* p[d] z ! po9t ( a knife c conta91 ?r[ x into ea* ( ! cups1 & /ir x1 until ! liquor beg9s to foam2 x is !n pres5t$ to ! company1 :o sip x :ile x is w>m4 ,accord+ to ,du ,halde1 ?is me?od is n peculi> to ! ,japanese2 x is also us$ 9 "s ( ! prov9ces ( ,*9a4 ,c(fee4 ,! bev]age :i* we call c(fee1 is said to h be5 drank 9 ,e?iopia f "t immemorial4 ,! ,galla1 a w&]+ nation ( ,africa1 9 _! excursions on ,abyss9ia1 be+ oblig$ to trav]se imm5se des]ts1 & be+ also desir\s ( fall+ on ! ,abyss9ians1 )\t w>n+1 t !y may be incumb]$ z little z possible ) baggage1 c>ry no?+ ) !m to eat1 b c(fee roa/$1 till x c be pulv]is$1 & !n mix$ ) butt] into balls2 "o ( ^!1 ab\t ! size ( a billi>d ball1 is said to keep !m dur+ a :ole day's fatigue4#ci #ci ,bruce's ,abyss4 ,,ii4 #bbf4 ,! liquor1 call$ c(fee1 0 introduc$ into ,adea1 9 ,arabia1 f ,p]sia1 ab\t ! middle ( ! #ae? c5tury4 ,n long aft] x rea*$ ,mecca1 ,m$9a1 c4 & ,gr& ,cairo4 ,h5ce x cont9u$ its progress to ,damascus & ,aleppo1 & 9 #aeed became kn[n at ,con/ant9ople4 ,x is n c]ta9 at :at "t ! use ( c(fee pass$ f ,con/ant9ople to ! ,we/]n "p ( ,europe4 ,!v5ot1 a ,fr5* travell] into ! ,ea/1 at 8 return 9 #afeg1 br\ght ) him c(fee to ,p>is4 ,9 ! ye> #afga1 a c(fee-h\se 0 op5$ at ,m>seilles4 ,soon aft] c(fee-rooms 7 op5$ at ,p>is4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( c(fee 9 our /atute books 0 #affj4 ,9 ! ye> #afhh1 ,mr4 ,ray affirms1 t ,london might rival ,gr& ,cairo 9 ! numb] ( its c(fee-h\ses4#dj #dj ,mill]'s ,g>d5]'s ,diction>y4 ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,c(fee ,,tree4 ,! tree :i* produces c(fee conta9s t5 species1 *iefly natives ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! ,polynesian isles4 ,! only species1 h[ev]1 t we h to notice 9 ! pres5t "w is ! c(fee ,arabica1 ( :i* !re are two v>ieties1 ?\gh bo? are sold 9 our %ops z ,turkey c(fee1 & possess simil> qualities4 ,! tree seldom rises m ?an #af or #ah feet high1 ) an erect ma9 /em1 cov]$ ) a lighti% br[n b>k3 ! leaves are oblong-ovate1 & po9t$2 ! fl[]s are set 9 clu/]s2 !y are ( a pure :ite1 & possess a v pleasant od\r1 b _! duration is v transi5t4 ,! fruit resembles a *]ry1 & gr[s 9 clu/]s1 rang$ along ! bran*es "u ! axill ( ! leaves1 :i* are ( a laurel hue1 b r long] ?an a laurel leaf4 ,x is an ev]-gre51 & makes a beautiful appe>ance at e season 9 ! ye>1 b p>ticul>ly :5 x is 9 fl[]4 ,! c(fee tree has ( late ye>s be5 mu* cultivat$ 9 ,am]ica1 b ! c(fee :i* has be5 !nce br\ght to ,europe has be5 v little e/eem$4 ,?is great diff]5ce 9 ! goodness _m h attribut$ to ! soil 9 :i* x gr[s1 & !re=e h suppos$ x impossible = ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% isl&s ev] to cultivate ?is commodity to any real advantage2 b ?is is c]ta9ly a mi/ake1 z is affirm$ by sev]al p]sons ( cr$it1 :o h resid$ abroad1 :o say1 t ! b]ries :i* !y h ga!r$ f ! trees & roa/$ !mselves1 7 z well flav\r$ z any ( ! c(fee br\ght f ,mo*a2 s t ! fault is 9 ! dry+1 & br++ ov]2 = if 9 ! dry+ ( ! b]ries !y be laid 9 rooms ne> ! sug>-works1 or ne> ! h\se :]e rum is di/ill$1 ! b]ries soon imbibe ! surr\nd+ effluvia1 :i* w greatly alt] _! flav\r4 ,9 l mann] ! c(fee br\ght 9 ! same %ips ) rum & sug>1 7 ! c(fee ev] s good1 w\ld h]eby be entirely alt]$4 ,raw c(fee mat]ially becomes ameliorat$ by age4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 bags1 or vessels p]meable to air1 & 9 a dry1 or r w>m place4 ,,be/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,c(fee4 ,! g5]al use ( tea among u1 has caus$ ! inhabitants ( ,great ,brita9 to be 9 g5]al f> inf]ior ?an _! neighb\rs on ! cont95t 9 ! art ( prep>+ ! bev]age call$ c(fee4 ,! col\r$ wat] commonly drank 9 ,engl& "u ?is "n1 is z mu* ! object ( d]ision to =eign]s1 z _! s\p maigre is to u2 h5ce a lively ,fr5* writ] says1 8,! ,engli% d n c>e ab\t ! quality ( c(fee1 if !y c b get en\gh ( x40 ,c(fee c]ta9ly is almo/ univ]sally made /rong] on ! o!r side ( ! *annel ?an x is "h4 ,c\nt ,rum=d1 9 ! eighte5? ( 8 ,essays has ent]$ into a m9ute1 elaborate1 & useful analysis ( ! p[]s ( c(fee1 & ! be/ means ( infus+ x = dietetic purposes4 ,he rem>ks1 t among ! num]\s luxuries ( ! table1 unkn[n to our =efa!rs1 c(fee may be consid]$ z "o ( ! mo/ valuable4 ,its ta/e is v agreeable1 & its flav\r uncommonly s2 b its pr9cipal excell5ce dep5ds on its salubrity1 & on its exhil>at+ quality4 ,x excites *e]fulness1 )\t intoxication2 & ! pleas+ fl[ ( spirits :i* x occasions1 la/s _m h\rs1 & is nev] foll[$ by sadness1 languor1 or debility4 ,x diffuses ov] ! :ole frame a gl[ ( heal?1 & a s5se ( ease & well-be+ :i* is extremely delightful3 exi/5ce is felt to be a positive enjoym5t1 & ! m5tal p[]s are awak5$1 & r5d]$ uncommonly active4 ,aft] "s o!r judici\s obs]vations on ! valuable prop]ties ( c(fee1 & ! unc]ta9ty ( ! result 9 ! common me?ods ( prep>+ x1 ! ,c\nt proce$s ) 8 subject4 ,diff]5t me?ods h be5 employ$ 9 mak+ c(fee2 b ! prep>ation ( ! gra9 is ne>ly ! same 9 all ( !m4 ,x is fir/ roa/$ 9 an iron pan1 or 9 a holl[ cyl9d] made ( %eet-iron1 ov] a brisk fire2 & :51 f ! col\r ( ! gra91 & ! peculi> fragrance :i* x acquires 9 ?is process1 x is judg$ to be suffici5tly roa/$1 x is tak5 f ! fire1 & suff]$ to cool4 ,:5 cold1 x is gr\nd 9 a mill to a co>se p[d]1 & pres]v$ = use4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 roa/+ c(fee1 n to roa/ x too mu*2 z soon z x has acquir$ a deep c9namon col\r1 x %\ld be tak5 f ! fire1 & cool$2 o!rwise1 mu* ( its aromatic flav\r w be dissipat$1 & its ta/e becomes disagreeably bitt]4 ,9 ord] t c(fee may be p]fectly good1 & v high flav\r$1 n m ?an half a p\nd ( ! gra9 %\ld be roa/$ at once2 = :5 ! quantity is great]1 x becomes impossible to regulate ! heat 9 su* a mann] z to be q c]ta9 ( a good result4 ,! progress ( ! op]ation1 & ! mom5t mo/ prop] to put an end to x1 may be judg$ & det]m9$ ) great c]ta9ty1 n only by ! *anges :i* take place 9 ! col\r ( ! gra91 b also by ! peculi> fragrance :i* w fir/ beg9 to be diffus$ by x :5 x is ne>ly roa/$ en\gh4 ,if ! c(fee 9 p[d] is n well def5d$ f ! air1 x soon loses its flav\r1 & becomes ( little value2 & ! liquor is nev] 9 s high p]fection z :5 ! c(fee is made imm$iately aft] ! gra9 has be5 roa/$4 ,boil+-hot wat] extracts f c(fee1 :i* has be5 prop]ly roa/$ & gr\nd1 an aromatic sub/ance ( an exquisite flav\r1 toge!r ) a consid]able quantity ( a/r+5t matt]1 ( a bitt] b v agreeable ta/e2 b ?is aromatic sub/ance1 :i* is suppos$ to be an oil1 is extremely volatile1 & is s feebly unit$ to ! wat] t x escapes f x into ! air ) great facility4 ,if a cup ( ! v be/ c(fee1 prep>$ 9 ! highe/ p]fection1 & boil+ hot1 be plac$ on a table1 9 ! middle ( a l>ge room1 & suff]$ to cool1 x w 9 cool+ fill ! room ) its fragrance2 b ! c(fee1 aft] hav+ become cold1 w be f\nd to h lo/ a great deal ( its flav\r4 ,if x be aga9 heat$1 its ta/e & flav\r w be /ill fur!r impair$2 & aft] x has be5 heat$ & cool$ two or ?ree times1 x w be f\nd to be q vapid & disgu/+4 ,! fragrance diffus$ ?r\gh ! air is a sure indication t ! c(fee has lo/ "s ( its volatile p>ts2 & z t liquor is f\nd to h lo/ its peculi> flav\r1 & also its exhil>at+ quality1 !re c be no d\bt b t bo? ^! dep5d on ! pres]vation ( ^? volatile p>ticles :i* escape into ! air ) su* facility4 ,9 ord] t c(fee may reta9 all ^? aromatic p>ticles :i* give to t bev]age its excell5t qualities1 no?+ m is necess>y ?an to prev5t all int]nal motions among ! p>ticles ( t liquid2 by prev5t+ its be+ expos$ to any *ange ( temp]ature1 ei!r dur+ ! "t employ$ 9 prep>+ x or aft]w>ds1 till x is s]v$ up4 ,?is may be done by p\r+ boil+ wat] on ! c(fee 9 p[d]2 & z all k9ds ( agitation is v detrim5tal to c(fee1 n only :5 made1 b also :ile x is mak+1 x is evid5t t ! me?od =m]ly practis$1 t ( putt+ ! gr\nd c(fee into a c(fee-pot ) wat]1 & boil+ !m toge!r1 mu/ be v defective1 & mu/ occasion a v great loss4 ,b t is n all1 = ! c(fee :i* is prep>$ 9 t mann] c nev] be good1 :atev] may be ! quantity ( gr\nd c(fee t is employ$4 ,! liquor may no d\bt be v bitt]1 & x commonly is s2 & x may possibly conta9 some?+ t may irritate ! n]ves1--b ! exquisite flav\r & exhil>at+ qualities ( good c(fee w be want+4 ,c(fee may easily be too bitt]1 b x is impossible t x %\ld ev] be too fragrant4 ,! v smell ( x is reviv+1 & has (t5 be5 f\nd to be useful to sick p]sons1 & especially to ^? :o are afflict$ ) viol5t head-a*es4 ,9 %ort1 e ?+ proves t ! volatile aromatic matt]1 :atev] x may be1 t gives flav\r to c(fee1 is :at is mo/ valuable 9 x1 & %\ld be pres]v$ ) ! greate/ c>e1 & t 9 e/imat+ ! /r5g? or ri*ness ( t bev]age1 its fragrance %\ld be mu* m att5d$ to ?an ei!r its bitt]ness or its a/r+5cy4 ,"o p\nd avoirdupois1 ( good ,mo*a c(fee1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly roa/$ & gr\nd1 weighs only ?irte5 ounces1 s]ves = mak+ fifty-six full cups ( v excell5t c(fee4 ,! quantity ( gr\nd c(fee = "o full cup1 %\ld n be less ?an #ajh gra9s troy1 :i* is r less ?an a qu>t] ( an ounce4 ,?is c(fee1 :5 made1 fills a c(fee-cup ( ! common size q full4 ,9 mak+ c(fee1 sev]al circum/ances mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to3 9 ! fir/ place1 ! c(fee mu/ be gr\nd f9e1 o!rwise ! hot wat] w n h "t to p5etrate to ! c5tres ( ! p>ticles2 x w m]ely s(t5 !m at _! surfaces1 & pass+ rapidly betwe5 !m1 w c>ry away b a small "p ( ^? aromatic & a/r+5t sub/ances on :i* ! goodness ( ! liquor entirely dep5ds4 ,9 ?is case ! gr\nds ( ! c(fee are m valuable ?an ! insipid wa% :i* has be5 hurri$ ?r\gh !m1 & aft]w>ds s]v$ up "u ! "n ( c(fee4 ,=m]ly1 ! gr\nd c(fee be+ put into a c(fee-pot1 ) a suffici5t quantity ( wat]1 ! c(fee-pot 0 put ov] ! fire1 & aft] ! wat] _h be5 made to boil a c]ta9 "t1 ! pot 0 remov$ f ! fire1 & ! gr\nds hav+ _h "t to settle1 or hav+ be5 f9$ d[n ) is+lass1 ! cle> liquor 0 p\r$ (f1 & imm$iately s]v$ up 9 cups4 ,?is 0 a bad practice ( mak+ c(fee4 ,f ! results ( sev]al exp]im5ts made by ,c\nt ,rum=d1 to asc]ta9 :at proportion ( ! aromatic & volatile p>ticles 9 ! c(fee escape1 & are left 9 ?is process1 he f\nd t x am\nt$ to consid]ably m ?an half4 ,:5 c(fee is made 9 ! mo/ advantage\s mann]1 ! gr\nd c(fee is press$ d[n 9 a cyl9drical vessel a1 7fig4 #d1 plate fac+ ! title page71 :i* has its bottom pi]c$ ) _m small holes1 s z to =m a metal /ra9]2 a prop] quantity ( boil+ hot wat] be+ p\r$ cauti\sly on ?is lay] ( c(fee 9 p[d]1 ! wat] p5etrates x by degrees1 & aft] a c]ta9 "t beg9s to filt] ?r\gh x4 ,?is gradual p]colation br+s cont9ually a succession ( fre% p>ticles ( hot wat] into contact ) ! gr\nd c(fee2 & :5 ! la/ portion ( ! wat] has pass$ ?r\gh x1 e ?+ capable ( be+ dissolv$ by ! wat] w be f\nd to be s completely wa%$ out ( x1 t :at rema9s w be ( no k9d ( value4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to ! complete success ( ?is op]ation1 t ! c(fee %\ld be gr\nd to a p[d] suffici5tly f9e4 ,9 ord] t ! c(fee may be p]fectly good1 ! /ratum ( gr\nd c(fee1 on :i* ! boil+ wat] is p\r$1 mu/ be ( a c]ta9 ?ickness1 & x mu/ be press$ toge!r ) a c]ta9 degree ( =ce1 by means ( ! presses b1 7fig4 #d47 ,if x be too ?91 or n suffici5tly press$ toge!r1 ! wat] w pass ?r\gh x too rapidly2 & if ! lay] ( gr\nd c(fee be too ?ick1 or if x be too mu* press$ toge!r1 ! wat] w be too long 9 pass+ ?r\gh x1 & ! ta/e ( ! c(fee w be injur$4 ,c\nt ,rum=d recomm5ds1 z ( importance1 t ! surface ( ! c(fee be r5d]$ q level aft] x is put into ! /ra9] be=e any attempt is made to press x toge!r1 t ! wat]1 9 p]colat+1 may act equally on e "p4 ,:5 ! c(fee is made1 ! /ra9]1 or cyl9drical vessel a is remov$1 & ! lid ( x is made to s]ve z ! lid = ! c(fee pot4 ,! foll[+ table %ews ! diamet]s & heights ( ! cyl9drical vessels1 or /ra9]s1 to be us$ 9 mak+ ! foll[+ quantities ( c(fee3-- ,quantity ( ,c(fee to ,diamet] ( ,height ( be made at once4 ! ,/ra9]4 ! ,/ra9]4 ,9 ,in*es4 ,9 ,in*es4 #a cup #a #e #b cups #b #e #c or #d cups #b #e #e or #f cups #c #e #g or #h cups #d #e #i or #aj cups #d #e #aa or #ab cups #e #e ,metal c(fee pots %\ld be kept z bright z possible2 =1 :5 ! ext]nal surface is kept clean & bright1 ! pot w be less cool$ by ! surr\nd+ cold bodies ?an :5 its metallic spl5d\r is impair$ by neglect+ to clean x2 pots = mak+ c(fee 9 ! mann] /at$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 may n[ be _h 9 mo/ ( ! t9m5's %ops ( ?is metropolis4 ,kit*5 ,fire-places1 ,,& ,cook+ ,ut5sils4 ,! judici\s use & prop] application ( fuel are objects ( p>ticul> mom5t 9 dome/ic economy1 especially 9 ! cul9>y art4 ,coal is an article ( prim>y necessity among all ranks ( p1 & z x _c be procur$ )\t great exp5se1 ! consumption ( x 9 cook]y ) ! smalle/ possible wa/e is an object des]v+ ! att5tion ( e family4 ,s num]\s are ! v>ieties ( kit*5 fire-places :i* h be5 inv5t$ to save fuel1 t !re is h>dly an ironmong] 9 ?is metropolis :o does n claim ! m]it ( possess+ a pat5t = an app>atus ( ?is description4 ,! pret5d$ improvem5ts ( a great _m pat5t kit*5 fire-places = cook+1 un=tunately consi/ 9 increas+ ! quantity ( iron "w1 to _! evid5t defect4 ,! b>e inspection ( o!rs aga91 w at once conv9ce ! imp>tial obs]v]1 t !y _c answ] ! int5d$ purpose2 mo/ ( !m are furni%$ ) num]\s doors & ap]tures1 solely introduc$ to facilitate ! clean+ ( ! flues2 & ! read] may re/ assur$1 t :5ev] rec\rse is _h to su* exp$i5ts1 x is a sure sign t ! con/ruction ( ! fire-place or app>atus is extremely defective4 ,:5 ! combu/ion ( ! fuel is p]fect1 !re is little soot produc$--= a rapid accumulation ( x1 indicates an imp]fect combu/ion1 & consequ5tly a wa/e ( fuel4 ,! evil 9 ! cases :i* we h obs]v$1 orig9ates 9 ! circuit\s direction & awkw>d angul> di/ortions ( ! flues = heat+ ! bak+ closets1 or ! vessels = boil+4 ,! fire grate is inde$ comp>atively small 9 all ( !m1 & ?is _! app>5t recomm5dation is :at misleads ! pur*as]1 :o on inspect+ ! app>atus is told1 t he w be enabl$ to roa/1 bake1 boil or /ew1 ) a small quantity ( fuel4 ,b if we consid] ! mass ( iron-"w requir+ to be heat$ by ! small fire-place1 ! sav+ ( coals w prove :olly imag9>y1 & ! pur*as] 7we speak f exp]i5ce7 w soon become conv9c$ t ! simple/ & mo/ economical employm5t ( fuel1 = ! purpose ( cook+ 9 a family n exce$+ eight or t5 p]sons1 unque/ionably consi/s ( a common fire-grate fitt$ ) a boil] plac$ ei!r at ! back or at "o side ( ! grate1 = supply+ hot wat]1 or = g5]at+ /eam1 hav+ at ! o!r side a holl[ *e/ or ov51 7=m+ ! o!r hob ( ! grate17 to be heat$ by ! ignit$ coals ly+ lat]ally aga9/ x1 9 ! grate2 su* an app>atus appe>s to be "o ( ! mo/ eligible contrivances ( a cook+ grate = a mod]ate siz$ family1 :]e economy ( coal is an object4 ,kit*5 ranges ( ?is k9d may be se5 9 mo/ ( ! ironmong]s %ops ( ?is metropolis4 ,! figure on ! title page exhibits a kit*5 grate ( ?is k9d4 ,! fire-place = roa/+ is1 z usual1 9 ! middle ( ! grate4 ,at ! "r side ( x1 is a boil]1 furni%$ ) a cock2 on ! left h& side1 is ! bak+ closet1 z %ewn 9 ! design4 ,! ca/-iron he>?1 ^u :i* ! /ew-pans & kettles are put1 is furni%$ ) a moveable plate1 directly ov] ! fire-place4 ,?is contrivance is conv5i5t = caus+ 7:5 ! plate is remov$7 ! fire to act 9 a direct mann] ^u a vessel plac$ ov] ! op5+ z occasion may require4 ,! small door 9 front1 above ! fire b>s1 s]ves = ?r[+ on ! fuel4 ,! door %[n "u ! b>s ( ! fire-place is furni%$ ) a regi/]1 = regulat+ ! heat4 ,! door "u ! boil]1 on ! "r h& side1 & t "u ! bak+ closet1 on ! left h&1 s]ve to keep 9 ! heat4 ,= clean+ ! flues1 a moveable ca/ iron slid] is fitt$ 9 front1 bel[ ! boil]1 & ano!r bel[ ! bak+ closet1 z %[n 9 ! design4--,! upp] "p ( ! flues are clean$ 9 ! usual mann]1 above ! iron he>?4 :]e a small door is provid$ = t purpose to get admission to ! flues4 ,= l>g] families1 :]e ! op]ations ( cook+ are multif>i\s1 an horizontal iron plate or he>?1 7,see fig4 #b1 plate fac+ ! title page17 at "o end heat$ by a fire-place1 s t ! flame may trav]se 9 a s]p5t9e direction und]nea? ! he>?1 be=e x rea*es ! ?roat ( ! *imney1 is v conv5i5t & economical4 ,^u ?is he>? or iron plate1 :i* is provid$ ) holes1 fitt$ ) /opp]s1 7& :i* 9 fact resembles ! s& ba? ( ! *emi/s71 ! cook+ ut5sils = boil+ & /ew+ are plac$2 & z ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! plate become unequally heat$1 ! hotte/ "p be+ ( c\rse ov] ! fire-grate1 & ! lea/ heat$ at ! f>!/ extremity ( ! flue1 ne> its communication ) ! *imney1 ! cook has ! advantage ( plac+ ! pans & kettles1 :i* require a /rong & la/+ heat1 at ! precise spot :]e !y w be soone/ heat$2 & ^? f>!/ f ! s\rce ( heat1 :i* require only a mod]ate degree ( w>m?4 ,to economise ! heat ( ! iron plate1 a small ov5 is sometimes plac$ at ! extremity ( ! flue ( ! fire-place1 :i* heats ! plate4 ,x is conv5i5t = a v>iety ( cul9>y purposes requir+ a v g5tle heat1 or if x be want$ = bak+ meat1 or bread1 a small fire-grate fix$ und]nea? x1 w r5d] x extremely fit = ^? purposes4 ,! front wall :i* supports ! iron plate or he>?1 %\ld be con/ruct$ ( brick-"w1 n ( iron1 z ! =m] reta9s ! heat v effectually1 :]eas ! latt] enables x to pass into ! kit*51 to ! great annoyance ( ! cook4 ,! op5 fire-place1 connect$ ) ?is cook+ he>?1 is furni%$ at ! left h& side ) a bak+ closet1 & at ! "r h& side is a /eam boil] = heat+ ! vessels a a4 ,und]nea? ( ^! is ano!r hot closet1 likewise heat$ by /eam4 ,mr4 ,m>riott1 an +5i\s ironmong] 9 ,fleet-/reet1 has greatly improv$ ! con/ruction ( kit*5 ranges2 ! design exhibit$1 on ! title page ( ?is ,treatise1 is copi$ f an app>atus ( 8 con/ruction4 ,fig4 #a1 is a ,dut* ov52 a description ( x has be5 giv51 page #hh4 ,,/ewpans ,,& ,,saucepans ,%\ld n be made ) flat bottoms1 b r\nd$ a little at ! edges--!y mu/ by no means be made ) corn]s t are squ>e l t9 vessels1 = su* c nev] be completely clean$1 & d n we> ne> s long--t is ! sides %\ld n be sold]$ to ! bottom ) a squ>e jo9t1 z s& & grease t lodge !re c nev] be completely got out4 ,^! ut5sils %\ld be sc\r$ on ! outside r\nd ! rim1 & a little way d[n ! sides1 b n l[ on ! sides or on ! bottom1 z t only we>s !m )\t any sort ( advantage4 ,= small families1 we recomm5d t9 saucepans1 z be+ lighte/ & safe/2 & if prop] c>e is tak5 ( !m1 & !y are well dri$ aft] !y are clean$1 are by f> ! *eape/1 = ! co/ ( a new t9 saucepan is little m ?an ! exp5se ( t9n+ a copp] "o4 ,! cov]s ( ! boil+ pots %\ld fit close1 n only to prev5t unnecess>y evaporation ( ! wat]1 b to gu>d aga9/ ! smoke ( ! fire ins9uat+ itself "u ! edge ( ! lid4 ,,pres]v+ ,,pans4 ,! be/ sort are ^? :i* are heat$ by means ( /eam1 ! temp]ature ( :i* c nev] be su* z to burn1 or cause adh]5ce to ! bottom ( ! pan4--,fig4 #c1 exhibits a /eam pres]v+-pan2 ! /eam ent]s f a common /eam-boil]1 at ! extremity a1 & passes betwe5 ! pan1 :i* is d\ble1 z %[n 9 ! design4 ,! cond5s$ wat] may1 f "t to "t1 be drawn (f by ! cock & pipe b4 ,,copp] ,,cook+ ,,ut5sils4 ,copp] cook+ ut5sils are att5d$ ) s mu* dang]1 t ! use ( !m ought to be laid entirely aside4 ,!y h n only occasion$ _m fatal accid5ts1 7:i* h be5 made public71 b !y h injur$ ! heal? ( great numb]s1 :]e ! sl[]1 b n less dang]\s effect has n be5 obs]v$4 ,if n kept v clean & bright1 !y become cov]$ ) v]digris1 = all fat1 oily1 or butt]y sub/ances corrode copp]2 & if !y are kept clean & bright1 ! rubb+ or scrap+ t takes place :5 mak+ /ews1 or cook+ di%es t require /irr+1 & rema9+ a consid]able "t on ! fire1 always we>s (f "s ( ! metal :i* impregnates ! food1 & has a delet]i\s effect4 ,! inexcusable neglig5ce ( p]sons :o make use ( copp] vessels has be5 productive ( mortality1 s mu* m t]rible1 z !y h ex]t$ _! action on a great numb] ( p]sons at once4 ,?\gh1 aft] all1 a s+le dose be n mortal1 yet a quantity ( poison1 h[ev] small1 :5 tak5 at e meal1 mu/ produce m fatal effects ?an are g5]ally appreh5d$2 & diff]5t con/itutions are diff]5tly affect$ by m9ute quantities ( sub/ances t act p[]fully on ! sy/em4 ,"s ye>s ago1 ! dea? ( sev]al p]sons 0 occasion$1 at ,salt-hill1 by ! cook s5d+ a rag\t to ! table :i* %e _h kept f ! prec$+ day 9 a copp] vessel1 badly t9n$4 ,ano!r in/ance ( dea? occasion$ by ! eat+ ( pickles1 prep>$ 9 copp] vessels1 is m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,p]cival4#da #da ,see a ,treatise on ! ,adult]ation ( ,food & ,cul9>y ,poisons1 & ,me?ods ( ,detect+ !m1 p4 #bdi4 ,dr4 ,johnson gives an acc\nt ( ! melan*oly cata/rophe ( ?ree m5 be+ poison$1 aft] excruciat+ suff]+s1 9 consequ5ce ( eat+ food cook$ 9 an unclean copp] vessel1 on bo>d ! ,cyclops frigate2 &1 besides ^!1 ?irty-?ree m5 became ill f ! same cause4 ,if1 h[ev]1 copp] ut5sils are to be us$1 !y %\ld be employ$ ) ! precautions z us$ 9 ,france1 :]e ! t9n+ ( ! vessels on ! inside is done z regul>ly z ! %oe+ ( horses 9 a f>m-y>d4--,if ! lea/ occasion is ?\ght to exi/1 ! vessel is imm$iately t9n$2 b to prev5t all risk1 x is g5]ally done once a mon? ) /ew-pans t are 9 daily use4 ,moreov]1 ! victuals are nev] /irr$ ) any ?+ ( metal1 b ) a wood5 spoon1 or flat /ick made = ! purpose4 ,! foll[+ :olesome advice on ?is subject is giv5 to cooks by ,dr4 ,kit*9]4 8,/ewpans & s\p-kettles %\ld be exam9$ e "t !y are us$2 ^!1 & _! cov]s1 mu/ be kept p]fectly clean & well t9n$1 n only on ! inside1 b ab\t a c\ple ( in*es on ! outside2 s mu* mis*ief arises f _! gett+ out ( repair2 &1 if n kept nicely t9n$1 all y\r "w w be 9 va92 ! bro?s & s\ps w look gre5 & dirty1 & ta/e bitt] & poison\s1 & w be spoil$ bo? = ! eye & palate1 & y\r cr$it w be lo/2 &1 z ! heal?1 & ev5 ! life1 ( ! family dep5ds ^u ?is1 ! cook may be sure h] employ] _h r pay ! t9man's bill ?an ! doctor's40 ,v>i\s k9ds ( food us$ 9 dome/ic economy are liable to become impregnat$ ) lead4 ,! glaz+ ( ! common cream-col\r$ e>!n w>e1 :i* is compos$ ( an oxyd ( lead1 readily yields to ! action ( v9eg> & sal9e comp\nds2 & !re=e ! j>s & pots ( ?is k9d ( /onew>e1 %\ld n be us$ = m>malades & o!r cons]ves4 ,pickles %\ld 9 no case be deposit$ 9 cream-col\r$ glaz$ e>!nw>e pots4 ,! bak+ ( fruit t>ts 9 cream-col\r$ e>!nw>e is no less objectionable ,all k9ds ( food :i* conta9 free vegetable acids1 or sal9e prep>ations1 attack ut5sils cov]$ ) a glaze1 9 ! composition ( :i* lead ent]s z a compon5t "p4 ,wood5 ,tubs l9$ ) lead1 %\ld n1 z !y (t5 are1 be us$ = salt+ meat1 z ! salt br9e corrodes ! lead1 & all comp\nds ( ?is metal are dang]\s to heal?4 ,,f9is4 ,c4 ,,gre51 #ae1 ,,leice/] ,,/reet1 ,,leice/] ,,squ>e4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! language f ! s\rce docum5t1 includ+ inconsi/5cies & unusual spell+s1 has be5 reta9$1 except z li/$ bel[4 ,miss+ acc5ts 9 ,fr5* words & phrases h n be5 add$4 ,page #adj1 ,be=e ! trumpets calls 4443 z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,page #cjd1 444 9 ,adea1 9 ,arabia1 4443 possibly an error = 444 9 ,ad51 9 ,arabia1 4444 ,*anges made ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to imm$iately und]nea? ! text elem5t to :i* !y belong4 ,"s m9or obvi\s punctuation & typographical errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,page xiii3 page numb] #cef *ang$ to #ccf ,page #g3 rabit *ang$ to rabbit ,page #af3 ,ga/ronomque *ang$ to ,ga/ronomique ,page #bd3 ,! pleasure ( ! table *ang$ to ,! pleasures ( ! table ,page #ach3 8 add$ be=e ,po9t des ,legumes 444 ,page #adj3 qui fail le ,soldat *ang$ to qui fait le ,soldat ,page #aeh3 p>sly *ang$ to p>sley ,page #afa3 gelant9e *ang$ to gelat9e ,page #bjj-bjd3 sev]al op5+ & clos+ quote m>ks ins]t$ ,page #bjb3 vogages *ang$ to voyages ,page #bfa3 ,*]y ,pa/e *ang$ to ,*]ry ,pa/e ,page #bfb3 ,,orange ,,& ,,lemom ,,pa/e *ang$ to ,,orange ,,& ,,lemon ,,pa/e ,page #cbe3 cov5i5t *ang$ to conv5i5t