,libr>ies47 ,,! ,,writ+ ,,( ,,news ,a ,,h&book ,,) ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,newspap] ,,correspond5ce ,,& ,,copy ,,read+ ,,by ,,*>les ,g4 ,,ross ,,assi/ant ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,j\rnalism ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,miss\ri ,,new ,,york ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,holt ,,& ,,company ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aiaa ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,to ,,my ,,"m ,,preface ,9 prep>+ ?is volume ! au?or has _h 9 m9d ! ne$s n only ( /ud5ts 9 s*ools ( j\rnalism1 b ( o!rs :o may desire a concise /atem5t ( ! pr9ciples t gov]n ! art ( news writ+ z practic$ by ! ,am]ican newspap]4 ,x is hop$ ! book w prove helpful ei!r z a laboratory guide 9 ! s*ool room or z a text book = home use4 ,z ! title indicates1 ! book deals ) "o phase ( j\rnalism1 ! pres5tation ( ! news /ory1 m especially ) ! writ+ ( ! /ory--! report]'s "p 9 ! day's "w4 ,no attempt has be5 made to g into o!r aspects ( j\rnalism--! writ+ ( editorials1 ! adm9i/rative features ( ! "w1 ! delicate adju/m5t t e newspap] mu/ make betwe5 its bus9ess & news dep>tm5ts--except 9 s f> z !y be> directly ^u ! subject 9 h&4 ,! t]m j\rnalism is broadly us$ "h to mean all bran*es ( newspap] endeavor4 ,9 common ) o!r newspap] m51 ! au?or admits an av]sion to ! ^w z re/rict$ to ! work+ field ( ! m5 :o get & write ! news4 ,!y call !mselves n j\rnali/s1 b report]s or newspap] m54 ,x is = newspap] m5 & wom5 9 ! mak+ t ! book is prim>ily design$4 ,! nature ( newspap] "w makes x impossible to =mulate an all-suffic+ s]ies ( rules by :i* ! news writ] %all inv>iably be guid$4 ,b !re are c]ta9 well-def9$ pr9ciples1 l>gely te*nical1 t set ap>t ! news /ory z a di/9ct =m ( composition1 & ^! ! au?or has tri$ to put d[n simply & concisely--aft] ! fa%ion ( ! news /ory itself4 ,go+ beyond ! common practice1 !re is wide div]g5ce among newspap]s 9 ! details ( 8(fice /yle40 ,me?ods peculi> to ! individual pap] c readily be acquir$ by "o gr\nd$ 9 ! ess5tials ( ! craft2 h5ce only ! m significant po9ts ( dep>ture f ! g5]ally accept$ practice h be5 not$4 ,practically all ! examples 9 ! book are f publi%$ news /ories1 reproduc$ 9 mo/ cases exactly z !y appe>$ 9 pr9t4 ,9 "s1 = obvi\s reasons1 fictiti\s names & addresses h be5 sub/itut$ = ! real4 ,) "o or two exceptions ! examples illu/rat+ "r me?ods ( news pres5tation h be5 *os5 n = special brilliancy1 b z fairly %[+ ! ev]yday output ( ! tra9$ news writ]4 ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri1 ,columbia1 ,july1 #aiaa4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,newspap] ,,copy ,t]m9ology--,directions = ,prep>+ ,copy #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,newspap]s ,cle>ness--,concis5ess--,=ce #g ,,iii4 ,,! ,,writ]',s ,,viewpo9t ,fairness--,imp]sonality--,good ,ta/e--,orig9ality #ag ,,iv4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,accuracy ,9 ,obs]vation--,9 ,names--,9 ,/reet ,addresses--,9 ,spell+ #cj ,v4 ,,news ,,values ,! ,report]--,:at ,is ,news8--,! ,newspap]'s ,problem--,k9ds ( ,/ories #da ,,vi4 ,,writ+ ,,! ,,lead ,:at ! ,lead ,is--,:at ! ,lead ,%\ld ,conta9--,obs]vance ( ,/yle--,leads to ,be ,avoid$--,s5t5ce ,/ructure--,leads ,t ,beg9 ,) ,names--,! ,g5]al ,rule--,/udy ( #ajj ,typical ,/ories #eg ,,vii4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,prop] ,compression & ,expansion--,! ,me*anics ( ! ,/ory #gi ,,viii4 ,,! ,,feature ,,/ory ,:at ! ,feature ,/ory ,is ,n--,/ories = ,ent]ta9m5t--,! ,human-,int]e/ ,/ory--,! ,editor's ,problem--,sunday ,magaz9e ,/ories #ih ,,ix4 ,,! ,,int]view ,:5 ! ,int]view ,is ,incid5tal--,:5 ! ,int]view ,is ! ,/ory #aac ,x4 ,,special ,,types ,,( ,,/ories ,/ories ( ,fires--,dea?s--,w$d+s--,crimes-- ,bus9ess--,second-,day ,/ories--,rewrit+ #abi ,,xi4 ,,! ,,correspond5t ,writ+ = ! ,wire--,"s ,pitfalls to ,be ,avoid$--,:at ,n to ,s5d--,:at to ,s5d--,sport+ ,news--,h[ to ,s5d--,h&l+ ! ,big ,/ory--,s5d+ by ,mail--,g5]al ,in/ructions--,paym5t #aej ,,xii4 ,,copy ,,read+ ,qualifications = ! ,"w--,organization ( ,copy ,read]s--,edit+ ! ,/ory--,rules ,ab\t ,libel--,! ,guide ,l9e--,m>ks ,us$ 9 ,edit+--,additions & ,ins]tions--,! ,light] ,side--,! ,copy ,read]'s ,s*$ule #aga ,,xiii4 ,,writ+ ,,! ,,head ,fir/ ,requisites ( ! ,head--,def9it5ess--,! ,"q ( ,t5se--,! ,me*anics ( ! ,head--,"s ,?+s to ,avoid--,symmetry & ,s5se--,special ,k9ds ( ,heads--,capitalization #aic ,,xiv4 ,,don',,ts ,,= ,,! ,,news ,,writ] #baa ,,xv4 ,,newspap] ,,bromides #bbd ,,index #bca ,,! ,,writ+ ,,( ,,news 444 ,b h[ev] great a gift1 if news in/9ct z born 7 turn$ loose 9 any newspap] (fice 9 ,new ,york )\t ! control ( s\nd judgm5t br$ by consid]able exp]i5ce & tra9+1 ! results w\ld be mu* m pleas+ to ! lawy]s ?an to ! editor4 ,"o ( ! *ief difficulties 9 j\rnalism n[ is to keep ! news f runn+ rampant ov] ! re/ra9ts ( accuracy & consci5ce4 ,& if a 8nose = news0 is born 9 ! cradle1 does n ! in/9ct1 l o!r great qualities1 ne$ developm5t by tea*+1 by tra9+1 by practical object-lessons illu/rat+ ! good & ! bad1 ! "r & ! wrong1 ! popul> & ! unpopul>1 ! ?+s t succe$ & ! ?+s t fail1 & above all ! ?+s t des]ve to succe$1 & ! ?+s t d n--n ! ?+s only t make circulation = to-day1 b ! ?+s t make "* & influ5ce & public confid5ce8--,f an article by ,,joseph ,,pulitz] 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review4 ,,! ,,writ+ ,,( ,,news ,,*apt] ,i ,,newspap] ,,copy ,?is is ! age ( ! report]--! age ( news1 n views4 ,we are influ5c+ our public ?r\gh ! pres5tation ( facts2 & ! ga!r+1 ! assembl+ & ! pres5tation ( ^! facts is ! "w ( ! report]4 ,!re are two ideals ( news4 ,! fir/ is to give ! news colorless1 ! absolute tru?4 ,! second is to take ! be/ attitude = ! p]petuation ( our democracy4 ,! fir/ w\ld be all "r if !re 7 su* a ?+ z absolute tru?4 ,:5 je/+ ,pilate ask$1 8,:at is tru?80 he express$ ! et]nal "q ( mod]n j\rnals4 ,! be/ we c d is to foll[ ! second ideal1 :i* is to po9t out ! tru? z se5 f ! broade/1 ! mo/ human & ! mo/ int]e/+ po9t ( view4--,f an address by ,,w ,,irw9 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri4 ,,t]m9ology ,all manuscript = ! press is copy4 ,clean copy is manuscript t requires little or no edit+4 ,! v>i\s /eps 9 ! ga!r+ & writ+ ( news t prec$e pr9t+ are indicat$ briefly 9 ! foll[+ explanation ( newspap] t]ms3 ,/ory4--,any article prep>$ = a newspap]4 ,a ?ree-l9e item & a ?ree-column acc\nt ( a conv5tion are bo?1 9 ! newspap] s5se1 /ories4 ,! t]m is appli$ also to ! happ5+ ) :i* ! /ory deals4 ,?us a report] s5t to get ! facts ab\t a fire is said to be cov]+ a fire /ory4 ,a happ5+ ( unusual importance makes a big news /ory4 ,report]s are assign$ or detail$ by ! city editor to cov] c]ta9 /ories1 & ! task giv5 ea* is 8 assignm5t4 ,a report] assign$ to visit c]ta9 def9ite places :i* are cov]$ regul>ly 9 ! se>* = news 7z police /ations1 hospitals1 c\rts1 fire headqu>t]s1 city hall1 etc47 is said to h a run or a beat4 ,a report] scoops compet+ news ga!r]s :5 he gets an exclusive /ory4 ,! /ory is call$ a scoop or a beat4 ,/ickful4--,a t]m frequ5tly us$ 9 def9+ ! l5g? ( a /ory4 ,a /ickful is ab\t two in*es ( type--! am\nt held by a compos+ /ick1 a metal frame us$ by ! pr9t] 9 sett+ type by h&4 ,lead4--,loosely us$ to indicate ! introduction1 usually ! fir/ p>agraph1 ( ! /ory4 ,9 ! ord9>y s5se ! news /ory has no su* ?+ z an introduction4 ,! lead goes /raight to ! po9t )\t prelim9>ies4 ,d n confuse ?is ^w1 pron\nc$ 8le$10 ) ! ^w ( ! same spell+ pron\nc$ 8l$40 ,! latt] ^w lead1 z a v]b1 is an ord] to ! pr9t] to put ?9 /rips ( metal 7leads7 betwe5 ! l9es ( ! /ory 9 type1 ?us giv+ additional :ite space & mak+ ! /ory /& out m prom95tly on ! pr9t$ page4 ,editorials are usually lead$4 ,copy ,read]4--,a sub-editor :o puts ! copy into %ape = ! pr9t] & writes ! headl9es4 ,sometimes call$ copy editor4 ,d n confuse copy read+ ) pro(read+ 7! correction ( pro( %eets71 :i* is done 9 ano!r dep>tm5t4 ,slug4--,a solid l9e ( ma*9e-set type4 ,z us$ by ! copy read]1 ! t]m usually means ! id5tify+ "n giv5 a /ory1 z 8w$d+10 8fire10 8wreck40 ,a /ory is slugg$ :5 x is s nam$ = conv5i5ce 9 keep+ tab on x4 ,head4--,abbreviation = headl9es4 ,a copy read] is said to build a head on a c]ta9 feature ( ! /ory4 ,feature4--,n\n3 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( a /ory is ! feature4 ,v]b3 ,a /ory is featur$ or play$ up :5 x is prom95tly display$4 ,adjective3 ,a feature /ory usually dep5ds = its int]e/ on "s o!r elem5t ?an t ( imm$iate news value4 ,make up4--,v]b3 ,to arrange ! type 9 =ms = pr9t+4 ,n\n 7make-up73 ,! process ( arrang+ ! type or ! result z se5 9 ! pr9t$ page4 ,a newspap] is said to h an effective make-up :5 ! disposition ( ! /ories on a page & ! g5]al typographical appe>ance ( ! :ole contribute t[>d mak+ ! desir$ impression on ! read]4 ,! make-up editor sup]vises ! "w ( mak+ up4 ,a page may be made ov] to ins]t late news4 ,,directions ,,= ,,prep>+ ,,copy ,mo/ newspap]s insi/ on typewritt5 copy2 all pref] x4 ,x c be prep>$ m quickly ?an long-h& copy aft] "o has ma/]$ ! use ( ! ma*9e2 x makes = accuracy2 x is easi] to edit1 &1 because ( its uni=m legibility1 x saves "t & exp5se 9 type-sett+4 ,adju/ y\r typewrit] to leave two or ?ree spaces betwe5 l9es1 s t legible int]l9+ 9 long-h& w be possible4 ,closely writt5 copy is ! abom9ation ( ! copy read]1 compell+ him to cut & pa/e 9 ord] to make corrections4 ,nev] write on bo? sides ( ! pap]4 ,nev] fa/5 %eets ( copy toge!r4 ,write y\r "n 9 ! upp] left-h& corn] ( ! fir/ page4 ,numb] ea* page4 ,beg9 ! /ory ab\t ! middle ( ! fir/ page1 ! space at ! top be+ left = writ+ 9 ! headl9es4 ,don't cr[d ! page ) writ+4 ,leave a m>g9 ( an in* to an in* & a half at ea* side4 ,leave an in* at top & bottom = conv5i5ce 9 pa/+ %eets toge!r4 ,avoid divid+ words4 ,nev] divide a ^w f "o page to ano!r4 ,9 writ+ a /ory 9 %ort 8takes10 or in/allm5ts1 make ea* page end ) a s5t5ce4 ,ind5t = a p>agraph ab\t a ?ird ! wid? ( ! page4 ,9 mak+ corrections x is usually saf] to cross out & rewrite4 ,be p>ticul>ly c>eful ab\t names & figures4 ,lett] ins]t$ pages4 ,= example1 betwe5 pages #c & #d1 ! ins]t$ pages %\ld be designat$ #c;a1 #c;b1 etc4 ,use an end-m>k to %[ ! /ory has be5 complet$4 ,! figures #cj 9 a circle may be us$4 ,use e ef=t to make long-h& copy easily legible4 ,ov]score n & o & und]score u & a :5 !re is any possibility ( confusion4 ,pr9t prop] names & unusual words4 ,draw a small circle ar\nd p]iods or use a small cross in/ead4 ,draw a circle ar\nd an abbreviation to %[ x is to be spell$ out4 ,to make sure a lett] w be set z a capital draw ?ree l9es "u x4 ,if !re is a *ance t a ^w int5tionally misspell$1 z 9 dialect1 w be *ang$ by ! pr9t] or ! pro(read]1 draw a circle ar\nd ! ^w1 run a l9e to ! m>g9 & !re write 8,foll[ copy40 ,unless y are press$ = "t1 read ov] y\r /ory c>efully be=e turn+ x 94 ,accuracy is ! fir/ ess5tial ( news writ+4 ,above all1 wat* names4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,newspap]s ,( ! ?ree g5]ally recogniz$ qualities ( good /yle--cl>ity1 =ce & grace--x is ! la/ & ! la/ alone 9 :i* critics ( newspap] ,engli% f9d _! mat]ial4 ,x w\ld be ludicr\sly sup]flu\s to illu/rate "h ! prevail+ cle>ness ( :at "o reads 9 ! daily press4 ,to x ev]y?+ else is sacrific$4 ,he :o runs ?r\gh ! pages ( 8 pap] at a spe$ t keeps ev5 pace ) t ( 8 c> or tra91 & yet und]/&s :at he reads1 )\t difficulty & )\t delay1 w\ld give %ort he>+ to a compla9t on ?is score4 ,! same ass]tion may safely be made ( ! second ( ! trio ( good qualities4 ,:5ev] & :]ev] =ce is ne$$1 ! report]1 no matt] :at 8 limitations ( "t & di/ract+ circum/ances1 manages to put x into 8 writ+4 ,! result is pla9--& inevitable4 ,beauty1 grace1 sugge/ion ( t f9al t\* :i* conf]s ^u its object ! immortality ( p]fect art1 are ne>ly always conspicu\sly abs5t4 ,we "k at a glance :at has happ5$ & we get ! =ce ( :atev] significance ! writ] has wi%$ to impress1 b x is all hurl$ at our heads 9 ! same :olesale fa%ion1 ) ! same neglect ( 8=m10 t ! g5u9e ,am]ican is accu/om$ to 9 8 quick-lun* resort1 &1 9 8 he>t1 really likes4444 ,)\t int5d+ to be dogmatic ab\t x1 we are incl9$ to say t1 if a newspap]'s ,engli% makes a fair approa* to ! level ( an educat$1 intellig5t man's s]i\s conv]sation1 x w be do+ ab\t all t c ju/ly be expect$4 ,:atev] x accompli%es m ?an ?is is to its cr$it4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 8,newspap] ,engli%0 has (t5 be5 us$ z a t]m ( reproa*1 z if ! newspap]s1 by conc]t$ action1 _h be5 guilty ( creat+ an inf]ior1 tradem>k$ br& ( ,engli% = _! own purposes4 ,! t]m has be5 hurl$ indiscrim9ately at all newspap]s1 ! good z well z ! bad1 & "y writ]s h be5 w>n$ 9 a vague1 g5]al way to bew>e ( ! report]'s /yle4 ,z appli$ to loosely edit$ newspap]s ! criticism is j4 ,x is n true1 h[ev]1 t 8newspap] ,engli%0 con/itutes a special v>iety ( language1 to be %unn$ by all :o w\ld atta9 purity 9 writ+4 ,!re are good books & bad books1 j z !re are good newspap]s & bad newspap]s1 & x w\ld be z reasonable to condemn all books because !y are writt5 9 a 8booki%0 /yle z x is to include all news writ+ 9 a sweep+ condemnation4 ,no def5se is ne$$ ( ! /yle ( writ+ 9 ! well-edit$ mod]n newspap]4 ,free f p$antry & obsolete expressions1 ! ,engli% ( ! be/ newspap]s fulfills its purpose ( tell+ ! news ( ! day 9 language t all c und]/&4 ,newspap] ,engli% has n be5 creat$ by ! newspap]s alone4 ,x is ! language ( ! p1 cl>ifi$ & simplifi$ 9 ! writ+1 z oppos$ to ! language ( an e>li] day :i* obscur$ ! writ]'s ?\ght 9 a maze ( high-s\nd+ words4 ,newspap] ,engli%1 at its be/1 is no?+ m nor less ?an good ,engli% employ$ 9 ! sett+ =? ( news4 ,at its wor/ x embodies ! common faults ( writ+4 ,! report] writes 8 /ory = read]s ( all degrees ( intellig5ce--= ! man ^: only read+ is newspap]s & = ! man ( cultivat$ ta/e4 ,simplicity is ! keynote4 ,?is does n mean crudity or slov5l9ess1 = :ile ! good news /ory is writt5 ) ! limitations ( ! lea/ intellig5t read] 9 m9d1 x %\ld n (f5d ! educat$ read]4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,bible1 ! simple/ ( all books1 is an excell5t model = ! news writ]4 ,9 keep+ ) its ess5tial simplicity ( /yle1 ! good news /ory is cle>1 concise & =ceful4 ,,cle>ness ,simplicity ( /ructure & diction implies cle>ness4 ,! /ory t w\ld appeal to ! masses defeats its purpose if n readily intelligible4 ,! av]age newspap] read] has nei!r "t nor incl9ation to puzzle ov] an involv$ s5t5ce or to consult a gloss>y = ! def9ition ( a te*nical phrase4 ,sci5tific t]ms1 if n 9 g5]al use1 %\ld be translat$ into ev]yday ,engli%4 ,?is is true also ( legal phraseology & o!r words & expressions ( purely te*nical mean+4 ,let y\r /ory expla9 itself4 ,if ,mrs4 ,jones got a divorce1 say s2 don't confuse ! read] ) ! v]biage ( ! c\rts4 ,get z close to ! spee* ( ! p z good ta/e & correctness w all[4 ,vulg> & silly slang is n tol]at$ by ! good newspap]1 b an expressive colloquialism may be us$ to avoid p$antry4 ,9 /riv+ = simplicity & cl>ity bew>e ( dullness4 8,f9e writ+0--! k9d t speaks ( a b>b] %op z a 8tonsorial p>lor0--has no place 9 ! mod]n newspap] (fice1 b !re is a dem& = ! writ] :o c infuse fre%ness & vigor into 8 /ory4 ,! /yle ( y\r /ory %\ld be simple1 its mean+ cle> & its diction pure4 ,try also to give x t elem5t ( orig9ality & *>m t di/+ui%es ! be/ writ+ f m]ely good writ+4 ,newspap] ,engli%1 z us$ by skillful writ]s1 displays (t51 9 its well-turn$ phrases1 its quick description & its 8featur+0 ( ! lead+ facts1 ! t\* ( ! true arti/4 ,= all ?is ! /ory is none ! less1 9 ! mann] ( its tell+1 simple & cle>4 ,,concis5ess 8,boil x d[n0 is an injunction frequ5tly he>d 9 ! newspap] (fice4 ,! requirem5ts bo? ( ! public & ( ! newspap] dem& t ! /ory be concisely told4 ,! hurri$ read] has no "t = ! /ory clogg$ ) unnecess>y words & trivial detail2 ! newspap] has no space = x4 ,daily !re comes to ! newspap] a /ream ( copy f v>i\s s\rces4 ,! local room contributes its %>e1 :ile ! telegraph editor receives scores ( dispat*es f special correspond5ts1 besides ! regul> s]vice ( "o ( ! great news ga!r+ organizations4 ,x w\ld be nei!r possible nor desirable to pr9t all ( ! imm5se am\nt ( news matt] receiv$4 ,! pap] z ! read] sees x is ! result ( a process ( c>eful selection4 ,_m /ories h be5 omitt$1 "s ( !m hav+ be5 8kill$0 aft] progress+ z f> z ! type =ms1 & o!rs h be5 8boil$ d[n0 to a few s5t5ces4 ,! news writ]1 !n1 %\ld /udy to be t]se4 ,v]bosity m]ely makes "w = ! copy read]'s p5cil4 ,try to say 9 "o ^w :at ! writ] :o /ra9s aft] effect might put into half a doz54 ,don't say 8dev\r+ elem5t0 :5 y mean 8fire40 8,fire0 is a good ,anglo-,saxon ^w t ev]ybody und]/&s & uses--& x is twelve lett]s %ort]4 8,a h\se is build+0 is simpl]1 %ort] & m effective ?an 8,a h\se is 9 process ( con/ruction40 8,! society met la/ night & elect$ (fic]s = ! ye>0 is ! simple1 natural equival5t ( 8,at a meet+ held la/ night ! society p]fect$ its organization = ! ye> by ! election ( (fic]s40 ,word9ess1 l bad spell+1 is a sign ( m5tal laz9ess1 & ! newspap] (fice has no room = ! lazy4 ,,=ce ,=ce gr[s out ( simplicity1 cle>ness1 t]s5ess ( /yle4 ,! /ory told 9 pla91 curt phrase is m effective ?an ! /ory :i* %[s a consci\s /riv+ aft] effect4 ,diction is important4 ,a /rong ^w l5ds /r5g? to an entire s5t5ce1 :ile a weak ^w may spoil ! vividness ( an impression4 ,z a rule ! words t are deeply root$ 9 ev]yday spee* are /rong] ?an _! synonyms ( =eign orig94 ,words d]iv$ f ! ,anglo-,saxon are ! bone & s9ew ( ! language4 ,! writ] :o neglects !m = ! long] & (t5 m euphoni\s words f ! ,lat9 may add elegance to 8 /yle1 b he takes away f its p[] to impress4 ,! read] feels ! diff]5ce1 ?\gh he may n be able to expla9 x4 ,brevity z well z =ce favors ! ,anglo-,saxon4 8,beg90 is %ort] ?an 8comm5ce40 ,x is a bett] ^w = ! news writ]4 ,likewise x is bett] to say 8,a movem5t 0 begun0 ?an 8,a movem5t 0 inaugurat$40 ,! latt] is a ^w 9 good /&+--presid5ts are inaugurat$--b let x be conf9$ to its prop] use4 8,build0 is pref]able to 8con/ruct0 :5 ! words may be us$ int]*angeably4 ,examples might be multipli$1 b 9 ! end ! writ] mu/ rely on 8 own judgm5t ( ^w-values1 %>p5$ by a /udy ( good writ+4 ,?is rule may be =mulat$3 ,9 seek+ =ce1 *oose ! ,anglo-,saxon ^w in/ead ( its =eign equival5t unless cle>ness dem&s ! latt]4 ,! active voice is usually m =cible ?an ! passive4 8,jones succe$s ,smi?0 & 8,a h\se is build+0 are bett] news s5t5ces = ?is reason ?an 8,smi? is succe$$ by ,jones0 & 8,a h\se is be+ built40 ,%ort s5t5ces1 unless !y become monoton\s1 are pref]able to long4 ,! spe$ ) :i* /ories are put toge!r 9 ! newspap] (fice1 especially :5 ! writ] is work+ to 8cat* an edition10 is "o factor t makes news writ+ =cible4 ,work+ "u pressure1 ! report] writes ) a n]v\s1 hurri$ en]gy t makes = %ort s5t5ces & quick1 tell+ phrases4 ,he has no "t = involv$ con/ruction & prett9ess ( language4 ,8 aim is to 8feature0 ! big facts ( ! /ory--to put :at he calls a 8pun*0 into ! lead4 ,:at su* a /ory lacks 9 elegance x makes up 9 =ce4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4--,a good news /ory1 illu/rat+ especially ! virtue ( concis5ess3 ,,*icago1 ,nov4 #e4--8;,x is h>d to give away money10 decl>$ ,james ,a4 ,patt51 retir$ ,bo>d ( ,trade op]ator1 at a ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 meet+ la/ night at ,evan/on4 8,a p]son mu/ acquire ! habit10 he add$4 8,aft] t x comes easy40 ,!n he gave ! ,evan/on association #be1jjj1 ) ! condition t x raise an additional #ge1jjj )9 ! next t5 days4 ,! meet+ op5$ a campaign = rais+ a fund ( #ajj1jjj4 7,note 9 ! =ego+ ! effective use ( direct quotation47 ,,ii4--,simplicity ( =m & diction adds to ! =ce ( ! foll[+ news dispat*3 ,,london1 ,nov4 #e4--;,dr4 ,hawley ,h4 ,cripp51 convict$ ( ! murd] ( 8 wife1 ,belle ,elmore1 ! actress1 to-day play$ 8 la/ c>d & lo/4 ,he w be hang$ on ,novemb] #h4 ,*ang$ z he 0 physically1 ,cripp5 ma9ta9$ 8 composure ev5 9 ! try+ mom5t :5 he he>d 8 doom pron\nc$4 ,at once ! ,c\rt's decision 0 ann\nc$1 a w>d5 t\*$ ! prison] on ! %\ld] & ! latt]1 )\t a ^w or ge/ure1 turn$ & left ! dock4 ,he 0 conduct$ at once to ,p5tonville ,prison4 ,^? :o h se5 ,cripp5 dur+ 8 imprisonm5t say t 8 be>+ has nev] *ang$ f ! mom5t ( 8 arre/4 ,he sleeps ?r\gh\t ! night s\ndly & eats he>tily4 ,he sp5ds mu* "t 9 read+4 ,miss ,l5eve has visit$ him 9 ! prison ?ree times4 7,all ! sali5t facts ( ! /ory are summ$ up 9 ! op5+ p>agraph4 ,note ! use ( metaphor--8play$ 8 la/ c>d & lo/40 ,t\*es su* z ?is lift a /ory above ! commonplace4 ,note1 too1 t no attempt is made at s-call$ 8f9e writ+407 ,,iii4--,rewrite ! foll[+3 ,)9 ?ree h\rs aft] a 8t5 spot0 _h be5 deposit$ ) ,*ief ( ,police ,william ,smi? z a rew>d to ! patrolman arre/+ "o ,fr$ ,wilson1 *>g$ ) ! l>c5y ( a coat & a pair ( %oes f ,j4 ,w4 ,morris at a ,s\? /reet room+ h\se1 said ,fr$ ,wilson 0 re/+ 8 tir$ body )9 ! conf9es ( ! city ba/ile4 ,morris left ! rew>d & a description ( ! man :o1 he said1 _h tak5 ! articles4 ,ea* policeman 0 giv5 ! description & told to look out = ! man4 ,x fell to ,(fic] ,john ,had5 at ! ,frisco ,depot to g>n] ! loose *ange by coll>+ ,wilson & tak+ him to headqu>t]s4 ,he _h ! %oes & coat 9 8 possession at ! "t & told ,had5 t he _h m]ely put !m on to we> = a little :ile4 ,x is believ$ t he 0 prep>+ to leave ,smi?ton = ano!r hav5 :5 arre/$4 7,! =ego+ is a sample ( 8f9e writ+40 ,:y n say #aj or 8a t5-doll> bill0 in/ead ( 8t5 spot08 8,*>g$ ) /eal+0 is %ort] & m to ! po9t ?an ! te*nical expression1 8*>g$ ) ! l>c5y (40 8,)9 ! conf9es ( ! city ba/ile0 evid5tly means 89 ! city jail40 ,o!r violations ( good news /yle w be app>5t aft] a mom5t's ?\ght4 ,:5 9 d\bt ask y\rself3 ,h[ w\ld ,i say ?is if ,i 7 relat+ ! incid5t 9 conv]sation8 ,!n write x t way4 ,be natural47 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,writ]',s ,,viewpo9t ,newspap] "w is an exact+ pr(ession1 because ?+s a j\rnali/ has done d n c\nt4 ,l a h5 he mu/ lay an entirely new egg e day4--,f an address by ,,ar?ur ,,brisbane at ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york4 ,z _m *anges h come 9 rec5t ye>s 9 c\ntry j\rnalism z 9 any o!r l9e ( human endeavor4444 ,! pron\n 8we0 has be5 bani%$ f ! editorial & news columns1 & ! 8slop0 & 8hog wa%0 kn[n z 8puffs0--t is1 fulsome complim5t & paid-= flatt]y--has become obsolete4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,fulton 7,mo47 ,gazette4 ,! ?ree notes ( mod]n report+ are cl>ity1 t]s5ess1 objectivity4 ,! news writ] ( to-day aims to tell a /ory t %all be absolutely intelligible1 ev5 to m9ds bel[ ! av]age--s9ce ev]ybody reads2 to economize space to ! la/ degree1 & to keep himself1 8 prejudices1 pref]5ces1 op9ions1 out ( ! /ory altoge!r4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republic4 ,! news writ] is ! ag5t ( ! pap] t employs him4 ,z su*1 9 a wid] s5se he is ! ag5t ( ! public1 :i* relies on ! newspap] to keep x in=m$ ( ! day's happ5+s4 ,! /ory is ! all-important ?+2 ! read] z a rule c>es no?+ ab\t :o wrote x or :at ! writ] ?9ks ( x4 ,! viewpo9t ( ! news writ] mu/ be t ( ! unprejudic$1 b al]t1 obs]v]4 ,he mu/ approa* 8 /ory ) a m9d op5 to ! facts & he mu/ record ! facts unv>ni%$ by 8 own pref]5ces & op9ions4 ,comm5t on ! news ( ! day is ! function ( ! editorial columns4 ,x has no place 9 ! news /ory4 ,! writ] :o willfully injects 8 own likes & dislikes into ! /ory breaks fai? ) 8 employ]1 ^: space he is us+1 & ) ! public t buys ! pap]4 ,! ideal news /ory1 ap>t f que/ions ( /yle1 has ^! qualities3 #a4 ,x is writt5 )\t prejudice4 ,x is fair1 bo? 9 _s & 9 detail4 #b4 ,x is writt5 f an imp]sonal1 objective viewpo9t4 #c4 ,x is writt5 9 good ta/e4 #d4 ,x has orig9ality4 ,,fairness ,9 writ+ y\r /ory rememb] always t x w be read n m]ely by a circle ( m5 & wom5 ( y\r own ta/es & op9ions1 b by p]sons ( all classes1 ( all races1 ( doz5s ( diff]5t %ades ( religi\s & political belief4 ,! daily press is ! popul> univ]sity4 ,prote/ant1 ,ca?olic & ,jew look to x = in=mation2 x sets ! /&>d ( ,engli% = ! masses2 = _m x is ! only read+4 ,! trem5d\s influ5ce ( ! press imposes an obligation on ! news writ]4 ,8 /ory mu/ be simple & direct1 s t all c und]/&2 m important /ill1 x mu/ be fair4 ,approa* e /ory 9 a _s ( op5-m9d$ness1 rememb]+ t ne>ly e "q has two or m sides4 ,tell ! facts & let ! read] draw 8 own conclusions4 ,tell all ! facts ess5tial to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! /ory4 ,a /ory may be true 9 detail & yet "w an inju/ice by omission4 ,let y\r /ory be fair 9 detail & 9 ! impression x leaves4 ,ev5 aside f ! e?ical obligation1 bus9ess reasons dem& fairness4 ,no pap] c af=d to (f5d a l>ge gr\p ( read]s by a slight+ ref]5ce to a race or a religi\s sect4 ,call ! races by _! "r names4 ,words su* z 8,dago0 are =bidd5 by fairness1 by good ta/e & by bus9ess policy4 ,be=e mak+ a damag+ /atem5t ab\t a p]son1 be sure y h legal evid5ce 9 :i* !re is no loophole4 ,hesitate ev5 !n--g to ! city editor = in/ruction4 ,if y are a correspond5t1 let y\r (fice "k ! facts--all ! facts4 ,be> 9 m9d t homicide is n necess>ily murd]4 ,!re is grave dang]1 no matt] h[ conv9c+ ! evid5ce may appe> to be1 9 call+ a p]son a murd]] be=e he has be5 s br&$ by ! c\rts4 ,if he is acquitt$ he has gr\nd = a libel suit aga9/ ! newspap] t has *>g$ him ) crime4 ,,imp]sonality ,news writ+ is objective to ! la/ degree1 9 ! s5se t ! writ] is n all[$ to 8editorialize40 ,he mu/ leave himself out ( ! /ory4 ,true1 he may give x1 9 8 way ( tell+ ! facts1 a c]ta9 individuality & p[]1 b he is n p]mitt$ to cross ! bord] l9e betwe5 ! /rict pres5tation ( news & ! editorial4 ,only writ]s ^: /ories are sign$ are all[$ to use ! capital ,i4 ,!y are ! exceptions 9 mod]n newspap] mak+4 ,! av]age news writ]1 h[ev] brilliant 8 "w1 receives only ! comm5dation ( 8 fell[s4 ,x is = ?is he /rives1 & ! satisfaction t comes ( "w well done1 r ?an = public recognition4 ,always 9 ! middle ( ?+s1 close to hi/ory 9 ! mak+1--& t is "o ( ! fasc9ations ( ! 8game0--! newspap] man mu/ yet rema9 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! /ory is ! big1 ! vital ?+4 ,9 x1 = ! "t be+1 he is will+ to s9k 8 p]sonality4 ,! age ( p]sonal j\rnalism 9 its old s5se has pass$4 ,9 ! new era ! writ]'s p]sonality c\nts = j z mu*1 or m1 b he mu/ use x :olly z an in/rum5t belong+ to 8 newspap] & ! public4 ,x is n meant by ?is t he mu/ "w always by rule & l9e1 b t he mu/ refra9 f color+ 8 /ory ) 8 p]sonal prejudices & op9ions4 ,ev5 ! 8we0 ( ! editorial columns is fa/ be+ disc>d$ = a m imp]sonal =m4 ,mo/ city newspap]s n[ avoid x altoge!r & ! same t5d5cy is se5 9 ! m ent]pris+ c\ntry j\rnals4 ,x is /ill us$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( pap]s publi%$ 9 ! rural di/ricts1 bo? editorially & 9 ! news sections1 b ^! are gossipy neighborhood *ronicles r ?an newspap]s 9 ! mod]n und]/&+ ( ! ^w4 ,imp]sonal writ+ does n consi/ alone 9 ! omission ( 8we0 & 8,i40 ,avoid g5]alities t are likely to imply approval or disapproval on ! "p ( ! writ]4 ,if ,smi? 0 kill$ by a neighbor1 tell :5 & :]e & h[ he 0 kill$4 ,don't g5]alize by say+1 8,a da/>dly crime 0 committ$40 ,if y\r /ory is pa!tic x is n necess>y to tell ! read] s4 ,let him f9d x out f ! simple1 human facts4 ,9 describ+ a pretty girl1 don't /op ) say+ %e is pretty2 tell h[ %e is pretty--tell ! color ( h] hair & eyes4 ,/rive always to be specific4 ,) ?is 9 m9d y are n likely to /ray f> f ! imp]sonal4 ,,good ,,ta/e ,cultivate good ta/e 9 news writ+1 z 9 all k9ds ( writ+4 ,y\r /ory is read by ! woman 9 ! home z well z by ! man on ! /reet4 ,leave out all revolt+ details & ?9k twice be=e y use a ^w or an expression ( d\btful propriety4 ,good ta/e di/+ui%es ! /ory writt5 c>efully1 ) its possible effect on ! read]'s s5sibilities 9 m9d1 f ! /ory t runs recklessly into pa?s avoid$ 9 conv]sation4 ,nev] use *eap slang4 ,"o k9d ( slang1 t :i* is clean-cut & expressive1 )\t ta9t ( vulg>ity1 may af=d a legitimate %ort-cut 9 news writ+ z 9 spee*4 ,an expression ( ?is type1 if x p]si/s 9 ! language1 ultimately f9ds a place 9 ! diction>y4 ,x is ! o!r k9d ( slang1 ! vulg> or silly1 aga9/ :i* ! news writ] mu/ be on 8 gu>d4 ,horrible details are n want$ by ! well-edit$ newspap]4 ,leave out ! ?ree buckets ( blood4 ,! ^w 8blood0 9 itself br+s an unpleasant picture be=e ! read] & may %ock a p]son ( delicate s5sibilities4 ,mo/ newspap]s caution _! writ]s aga9/ its ov]use4 ,c]ta9 ?+s are gloss$ ov] 9 our daily spee*4 ,?is is true 9 ev] great] degree ( ! newspap]s4 ,horace ,greeley said t :at ,provid5ce p]mitt$ to happ5 he wasn't too pr\d to report4 ,t is n ! work+ pr9ciple ( ! mod]n newspap]1 :i* omits "s ?+s & edits o!rs4 ,! moral obligation ( ! newspap] to its read]s1 z well z good ta/e1 dem&s ! prun+ d[n ( "s classes ( news4 8,all ! ,news ,t's ,fit to ,pr9t0 implies ?is obligation4 ,x is poor ta/e to attempt faceti\sness 9 report+ a dea?4 ,nev] call a body a 8/iff40 ,puns on ! names ( p]sons1 unless !y are peculi>ly apt or are ju/ifi$ by special circum/ances1 are to be avoid$4 ,! same rule applies to exagg]at$ dialect put 9 an (f5sive mann] & to nicknames ( ! races4 ,^! in/ances fur!r illu/rate ! ne$ ( fairness & sanity 9 ! writ]'s viewpo9t4 ,common s5se is an excell5t guide 9 _m ( ! delicate little problems ( ?is k9d t crop up daily 9 e newspap] (fice4 ,,orig9ality ,orig9ality is ! quality t gives a news /ory di/9ction4 ,rules may aid1 b ! p[] to make a /ory orig9al mu/ come l>gely f ! writ] himself4 ,_m writ]s c put facts toge!r into a coh]5t :ole4 ,! highe/ rew>ds are res]v$ = ^? :o c tell old facts 9 a new way4 ,! ma9 secret ( orig9al news writ+ lies 9 keep+ ! impression fre%4 ,ev]y?+ int]e/s ! new report]4 ,z he ga9s famili>ity ) ! "w1 !re is dang] t 8 viewpo9t w become jad$4 ,especially if he is cov]+ ! same run ( news day aft] day mu/ he fight aga9/ ?is t5d5cy to fall into a rut4 ,! newspap] has no use = ! man 9 a rut4 ,! report] :o becomes cynical loses ! news writ]'s be/ asset1 ! p[] to feel ! pa?os or ! inju/ice or ! humor ( ! ?+ he is writ+ ab\t4 ,if he himself _c feel 8 /ory he is n likely to impress ! read] ) x4 ,! newspap] work%op1 unlike any o!r1 mu/ create some?+ diff]5t e day1 al?\gh human nature1 f :i* x gets its raw mat]ials1 rema9s ! same ?r\gh ! ages4 ,!re is no v>iation f "o day to ano!r 9 ! basic !mes ( ! news1 b !re is an endless v>iation 9 ! local color1 9 ! %ad+s ( motive1 9 all ! details t g to make "o /ory diff]5t f all o!rs4 ,take ! /ory ( dea? 9 a t5em5t h\se fire4 ,!re is ! outl9e1 ! basic fact1 ( /ories )\t numb]2 yet ea* /ory1 told ) its weal? ( human1 mov+ detail1 has ! p[] to affect ! read] z if ! !me itself 7 absolutely new4 ,a doz5 h\ses 9 ! same block look alike f ! outside2 yet ! life t ea* conceals is diff]5t f ! life 9 all ! o!rs4 ,"h1 !n1 is ne$ = orig9ality 9 ! writ+ ( news4 ,if ! report]'s outlook is cynical he is likely to ov]look ! human side ( ! /ory = ! lifeless skeleton ( commonplace facts4 ,8 /ory may be me*anically correct1 b x has no p[] ( appeal4 ,)\t di/ort+ a s+le fact1 9 pla91 ev]yday words1 ! news writ] may tell a /ory ( human suff]+ t w r\se 8 read]s to g5]\s response4 ,?is he may d1 n by editorial comm5t1 b by putt+ ! facts 9 ! mo/ effective1 :i* is usually ! simple/1 mann]4 ,editorial comm5t 9 su* a /ory w\ld weak5 ! effect4 ,! facts1 prop]ly told1 are en\gh4 ,"o ^w ( caution p]haps %\ld be giv53 ,9 look+ = ! feature d n desc5d to ! trivial4 ,to return to an illu/ration j us$1 don't write ! lead ( y\r fire /ory on ! rescue ( ! family cat & ov]look ! fact t human lives 7 lo/4 ,orig9ality does n consi/ 9 /ra9+ aft] a feature at ! exp5se ( ! vital ?+s 9 a /ory4 ,triviality comes ) cynicism4 ,! p[] to be truly orig9al1 to put life into a /ory bas$ on a commonplace !me1 comes ) ! broad1 human sympa?y t results f keep+ ! impression ev] fre%4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4--,! foll[+ /ory1 adapt$ f a newspap]1 violates practically e rule t c be laid d[n = ! writ+ ( news4 ,ap>t f its errors ( /yle1 x is writt5 ) prejudice & 9 bad ta/e4 ,rewrite ! facts 9 half ! pres5t space1 rememb]+ 7#a7 to be fair2 7#b7 to leave y\rself out ( ! /ory2 7#c7 to omit revolt+ details2 7#d7 to avoid 8f9e writ+0 & *eap slang4 ,tom ,jones1 "o ( ,smi?ton's wor?less citiz5s1 tri$ to %uffle (f ?is mortal coil la/ ,friday aft]noon by cutt+ 8 ?roat ) a pocket knife4 ,x seems ,jones _h fil$ compla9t aga9/ ,john ,smi? & ,susie ,williams = /eal+4 ,!y 7 br\ght up 9 ,ju/ice ,wagn]'s c\rt on ,friday aft]noon = trial1 ,jones be+ ! prosecut+ witness4 ,:5 he 0 put ^u ! witness /& he flatly contradict$ himself 9 /atem5ts made 9 8 compla9t to ! ,prosecut+ ,attorney4 ,:5 he did ?is ,mr4 ,br[n at once dismiss$ ! case aga9/ ,john ,smi? & ,susie ,williams & fil$ compla9t aga9/ ,jones = p]jury1 & put him "u arre/4 ,con/able ,walk] at once took him 9 *>ge & 0 prep>+ commitm5t pap]s1 :5 ,jones express$ a wi% to g into ! hall = a dr9k ( wat]1 :i* p]mission 0 giv5 him by ! con/able4 ,soon aft] he _h left ! room an unusual noise 0 he>d l ! ru%+ ( wat] & on inve/igation ! man 0 f\nd ly+ on ! floor ) 8 ?roat cut & ! blood spurt+ l wat] f a f\nta94 ,he /uck ! blade ( an ord9>y pocket knife into 8 ?roat & sev]$ "s ( ! art]ies1 & w\ld probably h bl$ to dea?1 except = ! un=tunate arrival ( a physician :o /opp$ ! blood1 & he is n[ 9 a fair way to recov] & may yet g ov] ! road4 78,x seems0 is unnecess>y at ! beg9n+ ( ! second p>agraph4 ,in/ead ( 8tri$ to %uffle (f ?is mortal coil0 say simply t he 8tri$ to kill himself40 ,cut out ! gr&iloqu5t phrases47 ,,ii4--,note ! /]eotyp$ =m ( ! foll[+ /ory1 9 :i* ! feature is obscur$ by a mass ( r\t9e detail4 ,! /ory is z lifeless z if x _h be5 con/ruct$ by fill+ 9 blank spaces 9 a set =m4 ,al?\gh x has c]ta9 unusual elem5ts1 x is totally lack+ 9 orig9ality ( treatm5t3 ,aft] he _h be5 arre/$ on compla9t ( ,h5ry ,flannigan1 #ef ye>s old1 :o conducts a repair %op at #ajjj ,c5t] /reet1 on a *>ge ( /eal+ two revolv]s f ! %op ,sunday aft]noon1 ,william ,weav]1 #ah ye>s old1 ( #cdde ,broadway1 turn$ on ! man & accus$ him ( be+ a second ,fag91 ( runn+ a f5ce & ( hav+ sev]al small boys employ$ to /eal goods = him4 ,! police arre/$ ,flannigan & 8 sons1 ,h5ry1 ,jr41 ag$ #ae1 & ,fr$1 #ad1 at _! home1 #hda ,division /reet1 & ,alex4 ,jones1 #ai1 #ajdc ,we/ av5ue4 ,flannigan d5i$ he 0 runn+ a 8f5ce0 b admitt$ buy+ a lot ( goods f ! boys4 ,!y 7 lock$ up at ! ,fifte5? ,di/rict ,police ,/ation4 7,qu]y3 ,does ! av]age read] und]/& :at 8runn+ a f5ce0 means8 ,:y n make ?is cle>8 ,x may be not$ t "s newspap]s insi/ t police /ations be id5tifi$ = ! read]1 n by _! numb]s1 b by ! names ( ! /reets on :i* !y are situat$4 ,?us1 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 ! ,f\r? ,di/rict ,/ation is call$ ! ,c>r ,/reet ,/ation2 ! ,n9?1 ! ,dayton ,/reet ,/ation1 & s on4 ,! numb]1 z a rule1 means no?+ to ! read]1 :ile ! /reet "n gives him at once an idea ( ! locality47 ,,iii4--,9 ! foll[+ %ort feature /ory ! writ] has got away f set =ms & produc$ a readable /ory4 ,little /ories ( ?is type are highly e/eem$ by newspap]s ) a lean+ t[>d human-int]e/ news--especially if !y are accompani$ ) pictures3 ,,*icago1 ,nov4 #g4--,/eph5 ,rheim hit into a d\ble play1 al?\gh he didn't "k x = sev]al days1 :5 8 safe hit won a game = ! ,we/ ,*icago ,high ,s*ool baseball team ov] ! ,:eaton n9e la/ ,june4 ,9 ! gr& /& 0 ,miss ,ca!r9e ,smi?1 also ( ,we/ ,*icago1 & a loyal fan4 8,if he makes a hit ,i'll m>ry him10 %e cri$1 accord+ to fri5ds1 z ,rheim came to bat at a critical po9t 9 ! game4 ,aft] ,rheim's hit _h won ! game fri5ds told him ( ,miss ,smi?'s rem>k & introduc$ him to ! blu%+ "y woman1 :o expla9$ t %e 0 8j jok+40 ,b ,rheim fell 9 love & rema9$ !re4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,accuracy ,! sure/ gu>antee = "r-do+ 9 j\rnalism is conta9$ 9 ! tea*+ t "r is always "r & t x mu/ be done = its own sake4 ,?is is ! great basic tru? to be taught ! /ud5ts ( s*ools ( j\rnalism & impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( all newspap] work]s4 ,no o!r 8end[m5t0 ?an ?is ( s\nd pr9ciples is to be desir$1 ei!r = newspap]s or individuals1 because bo? mu/ "w out _! own salvation 9 life's daily battle1 :i* is won = ! "r only by ^? /eadfa/ s\ls t fight = ! sake ( "r alone4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat*4 ,! ha/e & hurry ( :i* s mu* is made may & does prev5t poli%$ "w 9 a newspap] (fice4 ,b x does n prev5t accurate1 c>eful1 pa9/ak+ "w4 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w :i* lay on y\r door/ep ?is morn+ is amaz+ly accurate2 ! mi/akes 9 x are few & f> betwe5 444 ,! av]age high s*ool ( to-day turns out a v>iety ( ,engli% t ! be/ natur$ city editor consigns to p]dition 9 sev5 tongues1 & beats out ( ! aspir+ cub )\t delay or remorse4 ,& 9 ! important matt] ( brevity & directness ( say+ :at y h to say 9 ! curte/ & pla9e/ phrase ( :i* ! language is capable1 ! newspap] is ! greate/ educator 9 ! _w4--,f an article by ,,george ,l4 ,,knapp4 ,a fir/ ess5tial ( good news writ+ is accuracy4 ,! ^w %\ld be grav5 9 ! m9d ( e report] & e editor4 ,x is spok5 by ! city editor to 8 report]s almo/ e h\r ( 8 work+ day4 ,plac>ds on ! walls may call att5tion to x1 z 9 "s (fices :]e1 ) laudable brevity1 ! motto is urg$ ^u ! /aff3 ,,accuracy ,,t]s5ess ,,accuracy ,if a /ory is accurate1 if x is writt5 ) a nice att5tion to detail1 x is likely to be fair4 ,if a /ory is n accurate1 x is n news 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,accuracy implies m ?an m]e grammatical correctness4 ,x means m ev5 ?an ! /at+ ( e fact ) precision4 ,a /ory may be tak5 to pieces1 fact by fact1 & e s5t5ce f\nd to be correct2 yet ! :ole may give a false impression4 ,accuracy means ! _s z well z ! lett] ( ! tru?4 ,,obs]vation ,tru?ful1 precise writ+ is ! fruit ( accurate obs]vation4 ,if "o w\ld write news1 he mu/ le>n fir/ to see news cle>ly & )\t prejudice4 ,!re9 ! tra9$ report] excels ! casual obs]v]4 ,! "o has le>n$ to obs]ve ke5ly2 ! o!r1 well equipp$ ?\gh he may be 9 ! rules ( rhetoric1 has n s*ool$ himself 9 ! bus9ess ( see+ ?+s ) an eye s+le to gett+ ! facts 9 "r proportion4 ,le>n to obs]ve & y w h gone f> t[>d ma/]+ ! art ( news gett+ & news writ+4 ,casual obs]vation is ne>ly always faulty4 ,take = example ! conflict+ /atem5ts ( p]sons on ! witness /&4 ,"o man1 tell+ 8 v]sion ( an automobile accid5t1 swe>s ! c> 0 go+ fully ?irty miles an h\r1 ano!r is c]ta9 ! spe$ 0 only eight miles2 "o he>d ! driv] s\nd a w>n+ 8honk10 ano!r is equally positive no w>n+ 0 giv54 ,ea* witness is a reputable citiz5 & ea* ?9ks 8 v]sion is ! tru?4 ,! discrepancy 9 _! te/imony is due1 n to any ef=t to deceive1 b to ! common failure to obs]ve c>efully4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! newspap] man1 ^: eyes mu/ s]ve ?\s&s ( read]s ea* day1 to see rightly :at o!rs see imp]fectly or n at all4 ,he is subject to ! same human limitations z ! o!rs1 b he mu/ make x 8 duty1 by tra9+ 8 m9d & 8 eye1 to r$uce ^? limitations to ! m9imum4 ,!n1 & !n only1 c he ga!r & write news ) ! maximum ( effici5cy4 ,9 giv+ names & /reet addresses !re is special ne$ ( accuracy4 ,wat*1 too1 ! spell+ ( all ! words 9 y\r copy4 ,rememb] ! diction>y is made = use4 ,,names ,! av]age good citiz5 likes to see 8 "n 9 pr9t1 b he is deeply (f5d$ at see+ x misspell$4 ,smy!'s "n is a ?+ peculi>ly 8 own2 he c nev] *]i% any p>ticul> reg>d = ! newspap] t p]si/s 9 call+ him ,smi?4 ,s ) ,br[ne & ,maughs & ,willson4 ,_! names are n ,br[n1 ,moss1 ,wilson4 ,a read] ^: "n is misspell$ feels1 unconsci\sly p]haps1 t he has be5 robb$ ( "s intimate possession4 ,a bl[ has be5 aim$ at 8 individuality4 ,to p>aphrase a great report] ( life1 8 8good "n0 has be5 /ol51 & z a good citiz5 he res5ts ! !ft4 ,! misplac+ ( an initial or ! c>eless dropp+ ( a lett] f a "n may co/ ! newspap] a subscrib]4 ,c]ta9ly x convicts ! pap] ( inaccuracy 9 "o man's eyes4 ,he reasons t if ! pap] is mi/ak5 9 ! spell+ ( 8 "n1 x may be guilty ( o!r grave inaccuracies 9 its news4 ,8 fai? 9 ! pap] is %ak54 ,& ! newspap] t loses ! fai? ( its read]s is 9 dang] ( los+ ! good w t is its *ief asset4 ,,/reet ,,addresses ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! writ+ ( /reet addresses4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 two /reet numb]s may repres5t ! diff]5ce betwe5 respectability & its opposite4 ,a s]i\s inju/ice may be done a p]son by pr9t+ 8 "n ) ! wrong /reet address4 ,su* a mi/ake 0 made n long ago by a we/]n newspap]1 :i* gave an address 9 a neighborhood ( d\btful reputation to a citiz5 ( high /&+4 ,z a result ( ! writ]'s c>elessness ! newspap] 0 su$ = libel4 ,! report] %\ld be con/antly on 8 gu>d 9 tak+ d[n ! addresses giv5 by unkn[n p]sons4 ,especially is ?is true ) ref]5ce to ! data furni%$ by crim9als = ! police 8blott]40 ,x is a common practice ( habitual crim9als to give z _! own ! addresses ( reputable citiz5s4 ,le>n all y c ( ! city 9 :i* y "w4 ,su* k w be invaluable z a safegu>d aga9/ _m pitfalls4 ,! city directory is an excell5t guide1 b sometimes is inaccurate4 ,,spell+ ,spell correctly4 ,?is applies n alone to prop] names4 ,"s news writ]s are prone to %ift ! burd5 ( spell+ to ! man :o edits ! copy or to ! pro(read]4 ,d\btless !re are _m brilliant news ga!r]s :o are defici5t 9 spell+1 b1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! man :o spells correctly is pref]r$ to him :o is slov5ly 9 ?is respect4 ,bad spell+1 ?\gh n fatal to a writ]'s *ances1 is (t5 a sign ( lazy habits ( m9d4 ,! precise ?9k]1 z a rule1 has too mu* reg>d = ! tools ( 8 trade--8 words--to abuse !m4 ,! city editor judges ! new man l>gely by 8 copy4 ,! /ory t %[s att5tion to spell+1 to all ! little niceties ( writ+1 assur$ly has a bett] *ance ( a favorable reception ?an ! /ory1 ( equal news value1 t betrays c>elessness4 ,,summ>y ,if any h>d-&-fa/ fir/ pr9ciple relat+ to accuracy c be laid d[n1 x is ?is3 ,get ! names "r4 ,once ?is pr9ciple is gr\nd$ 9 ! m9d ( ! report]1 he is fairly sure to /rive = accuracy 9 all ! details ( 8 /ory4 ,p]sons :o "k no?+ ( ! inn] work+s ( ! newspap] (fice may pr(ess to believe t /ories are writt5 )\t reg>d to accuracy & are ?r[n into type haphaz>d1 j z !y come f ! writ]s4 ,no?+ c\ld be f>!r f ! tru?4 ,a newspap] t p]mitt$ su* a condition w\ld be swamp$ ) libel suits )9 a week4 ,9 e newspap] (fice1 c]ta9ly 9 e newspap] (fice wor?y ! "n1 !re is an unceas+ w> aga9/ inaccuracy ( e k9d4 ,! new report] le>ns ?is :5 he comes 9 jubilant f an assignm5t1 only to be s5t back to get ! middle initial ( a "n4 ,! out-(-t[n correspond5t le>ns x :5 he is call$ f 8 b$ by long-di/ance telephone to expla9 a vague /atem5t 9 a /ory he _h wir$ e>li] 9 ! night4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! difficulties "u :i* news is ga!r$ & ! limit$ "t at ! newspap]'s comm&1 ! wond] is n t errors occasionally creep into ! news columns b t ! errors are s few4 ,! newspap] z x goes to ! read]1 ?\gh x is ! product ( _m v human p]sons work+ "u pressure1 is rem>kably accurate4 ,a pa9/ak+ ef=t has be5 made to give ! read] a true picture ( ! day's happ5+s4 ,copy read]s h gone ov] ! report]s' copy = errors ( fact & ( /yle2 pro(read]s h correct$ typographical errors aft] ! matt] has be5 set 9 type2 "o or m editors h read ! revis$ pro(s ) an eye s+le to detect+ faults4 ,! newspap]1 ( all mod]n in/itutions1 is ! mo/ human4 ,x is writt5 by1 = & ab\t m5 & wom54 ,its fail+s are ! common fail+s ( humank9d4 ,=ew>n$ ?us aga9/ himself1 x is ! duty ( ! news writ]1 ev5 :ile he works ) "o eye on ! clock1 to be always vigilant 9 ! battle aga9/ inaccuracy--to d 8 full %>e1 & m1 9 keep+ ! columns ( 8 pap] free f mis/atem5t ( e k9d4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,! foll[+ /ories are pres5t$1 n = any specific be>+ on ! discussion ( accuracy1 b z 8horrible examples0 ( bad news writ+ 9 g5]al4 ,inaccuracy 9 a news /ory seldom /&s alone z a fault1 because if a /ory is inaccurate ! *ances are x is defici5t 9 o!r respects4 ,! writ] :o does n take 8 "w s]i\sly en\gh to get 8 facts correct is n likely to pay att5tion to /yle4 ,! /ories "h reproduc$ may s]ve z a w>n+ aga9/ "s ( ! faults po9t$ out 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,i4 ,?is & ! /ory "u ,,ii %[ ! absurdity ( attempt$ 8f9e writ+03 ,%r\d$ 9 deep my/]y & 9 spite ( ! fact t /r5u\s ef=ts 7 made to keep ! details ( ! affair secret1 />tl+ facts reg>d+ ! robb]y ( ! ,blank sorority h\se came to light ye/]day4 ,! h\se 0 ent]$ by a burgl> "s "t dur+ ! ,*ri/mas recess & "s valuable silv]w>e 0 tak54 ,b ?is is n all4 ,al?\gh :5 int]view$ on ! subject ! memb]s ( ! sorority refus$ to give any ( ! details to ! public1 "s unique traits h develop$ 9 ! burgl> :i* may enable an ambiti\s ,%]lock to unravel z deep a my/]y z has ev] puzzl$ ,p9k]ton's b& ( tra9$ sleu?s4 7,qu]y3 ,isn't x ab\t "t to give ! ^w 8/r5u\s0 a ne$$ re/87 ,,ii4 ,! /ory ( a dea? 0 told ?us 9 a small newspap]3 ,mrs4 ,eliza ,williams1 "m ( ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,br[n1 0 releas$ f h] physical surr\nd+s ,saturday morn+ at t5 o'clock & call$ to occupy a build+1 a h\se n made ) h&s et]nally 9 ! heav5s4 ,%e has be5 9 ?is e>? life #hg ye>s4 7,evid5tly ! =ego+ means3 8,mrs4 ,eliza ,williams1 "m ( ,mrs4 ,george ,br[n1 di$ at #aj o'clock ,saturday morn+4 ,%e 0 #hg ye>s old40 ,! simple/ /yle is always ! be/ 9 writ+ ( dea?4 ,say 8body10 n 8rema9s02 8c(f910 n 8casket02 8! dead man 7or woman710 n 8! deceas$0 or 8! defunct40 8,burial0 is bett] ?an 8int]m5t40 8,! late0 is ne>ly always useless4 8,obsequies0 implies t ! c]emonies 7 impos+2 9 mo/ cases 8fun]al0 is ! prop] ^w4 ,nev] use a flippant ^w 9 a dea? /ory4 ,9 all news writ+ spell out prop] names3 e4g41 8,george10 n 8,geo40 ,mo/ newspap]s use num]als 9 giv+ ! h\r1 z #aj o'clock4 ,x is usually pref]able to place ! h\r be=e ! day2 ?us1 8at #aj o'clock ,saturday morn+40 ,be c>eful to ref] to ! dead 9 ! pa/ t5se2 ! v]b 9 ! la/ s5t5ce ( ! /ory quot$ %\ld be 8_h be5407 ,,iii4 ,note ! use ( *eap slang 9 ! foll[+ /ory3 ,fr$ ,smi?1 a "y man ab\t #ah or #ai ye>s old1 :o =m]ly resid$ 9 ?is neighborhood b m rec5tly at ,jonesburg1 _h be5 booz+ at ! saloon all day & 9 ! ev5+ walk$ out ( t burg on ! railroad track4 ,he evid5tly fell ) 8 head d[n on "o side ( ! dump & "o foot ov] ! rail4 ,! #g o'clock pass5g] /ruck him & ma%$ ! foot4 ,he 0 pick$ up by ! tra9 crew & br\ght to t[n & receiv$ m$ical att5tion4 7,x is seldom 9 good ta/e1 nor is x safe1 to accuse a p]son ( drunk5ness4 ,be> 9 m9d ! injunction3 ,tell ! facts & let ! read] draw 8 own conclusions47 ,,*apt] ,v ,,news ,,values ,! newspap] man is compell$1 z ! price ( success 9 8 call+1 & (t5 ?r\gh sev]e exp]i5ce1 to le>n t only t :i* is true is 8news40 ,!re is a popul> impression t all is gri/ t comes to ! newspap] mill1 & t ev]y?+ br\ght into ! (fice is publi%$4 ,! fact is t ! h>de/ task ( newspap] "w is to sift ! tru? out ( ! masses ( falsehood (f]$ daily4444 ,daily newspap] work]s h nei!r "t nor ne$ to fabricate falsehoods = public deception4 ,_! "t & _! en]gies are too fully engag$ 9 try+ to w9n[ out ! tru? f ! ignorant or willful di/ortions ( x ) :i* !y h to deal daily4 ,(t5 ! falsehoods are un9t5tional1 & arise f ! fact t few p are gift$ ) ability to tell ! exact tru?1 & no?+ else1 ab\t :at !y h se5 or he>d4 ,b !y h also to deal ) masses ( d[nright lies1 inspir$ by int]e/ or malice4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,*icago ,int]-,ocean4 ,! =ego+ *apt]s h dealt ) news writ+ 9 its g5]al aspects4 ,?is & succe$+ *apt]s w be devot$ to ! m te*nical phases ( ! subject4 ,x is n ! purpose "h to discuss 9 detail me?ods ( ga!r+ news1 b to tell h[ to write news4 ,! report]1 :5 he sits d[n to 8 /ory1 is assum$ to be 9 possession ( ! facts4 ,! problem !n is h[ to put ^? facts toge!r mo/ effectively4 ,b s9ce news writ+ presupposes news ga!r+1 a g5]al k ( ! report]'s "w & ( :at is impli$ by ! t]m 8news0 is ess5tial to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! te*nical side ( ! /ory4 ,,! ,,report] ,:at ! eyes are to ! body ! report] is to 8 pap] & to ! public t reads x4 ,8 "w is ! f\ndation ( mod]n newspap] mak+4 ,editorial comm5t illum9ates ! news1 make-up & headl9es aid 9 its attractive pres5tation b aft] all ! /ory is ! ma9 ?+4 ,x is = ! /ory t all o!r features ( ! newspap] exi/4 ,no matt] :at bran* ( newspap] "w "o may ev5tually ent]1 tra9+ ga9$ z a report] w be invaluable4 ,! m5 :o rea* executive positions 9 a newspap] (fice )\t hav+ s]v$ a report]'s appr5tice%ip are r>e exceptions4 ,practically all :o h atta9$ high rank 9 j\rnalism began "w z ga!r]s ( news4 ,!y le>n$ fir/ to see news & to e/imate its values4 ,a report] may be able to see news )\t be+ able to write a good /ory1 b ! opposite seldom holds good4 ,c]ta9ly ! be/ news writ]s are ^? :o h le>n$1 z report]s1 :at news is4 ,! city editor ( a metropolitan newspap] holds 8 position l>gely by virtue ( 8 ability to pass quick & accurate judgm5t on ! news value ( a /ory4 ,he has a 8nose = news0 t enables him to disc>d ! trivial 9 ! gri/ ( ! day's happ5+s = ! vital & int]e/+4 ,x is ?is ability t ! report] mu/ cultivate by e means 9 8 p[]4 ,,:at ,,is ,,news8 ,news has be5 r\ghly def9$ z t :i* int]e/s p4 ,b t def9ition is too g5]al4 ,a book or a s]mon or a play may int]e/ p1 b 9 !mselves !y are n news4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t a book has be5 publi%$ or a s]mon prea*$ or a play produc$1 is news1 if t fact has an elem5t ( public int]e/4 ,! importance ( a /ory 9 ! eyes ( ! editor dep5ds on "o or m ( sev]al consid]ations--on ! prop]ty involv$1 z 9 a fire or an e>?quake2 on ! numb] & ! prom95ce ( ! p]sons conc]n$2 on ! di/ance ( ! happ5+ f ! place ( publication2 on ! timel9ess ( ! /ory2 on ! elem5t ( human int]e/4 ,?is li/ is n exhau/ive2 local & tempor>y reasons (t5 h weight 9 ! editor's judgm5t ( a giv5 /ory4 ,to illu/rate1 suppose a newspap] is wag+ a crusade aga9/ grade cross+s 9 its city4 ,! /ory ( a grade cross+ accid5t imm$iately assumes an importance = t newspap] beyond its ord9>y news value4 ,be=e ! crusade 0 />t$ ! /ory might h be5 told 9 a p>agraph2 n[ x is all[$ to run at l5g?4 ,,! ,,newspap]',s ,,problem ,rememb]1 9 =m+ y\r e/imate ( ! news value ( a /ory1 t ! newspap] is read by m5 & wom5 ( all classes--by ! bank] & 8 /5ograph]1 ! day labor] & ! college pr(essor4 ,a /ory is valuable z news 9 proportion to ! numb] ( p]sons x int]e/s4 ,! acc\nt ( a great disa/]1 l ! ,san ,francisco e>?quake & fire1 appeals to all read]s4 ,x is ! big news ( ! day1 tak+ prec$5ce ov] all o!r /ories 9 ! make-up ( ! pap]4 ,news ( an increase 9 ! co/ ( "s necess>y article ( food is valuable because ( ! va/ numb] ( p]sons x affects4 ,s ) ! /ory ( a national election1 a great labor /rike or a decl>ation ( w>4 ,^! are ! exceptional /ories ^: importance z news is z obvi\s to "o unskill$ 9 newspap] mak+ z to ! tra9$ editor4 ,b :at ( ! m commonplace happ5+s ( ! day8 ,! problem t confronts ! editor daily is to make a pap] t w appeal to z _m read]s z possible4 ,! man :o asks a newspap] to pr9t1 z news1 a long diss]tation on rec5t discov]ies 9 ,asia ,m9or mi/akes ! purpose ( daily j\rnalism4 ,su* an article might int]e/ o!r m5 engag$ 9 mak+ simil> discov]ies1 b x w\ld be pass$ ov] by ! va/ majority ( read]s4 ,newspap]s are (t5 *>g$ ) p&]+ to ! s5sational4 ,:y1 x is ask$1 d !y pr9t ! /ory ( a murd] on ! fir/ page1 :ile g5]al religi\s news is publi%$ 9 a sep>ate dep>tm5t1 if publi%$ at all8 ,! %op w9d[ ( ! m]*ant furni%es ! answ]3 ! m]*ant1 l ! newspap]1 puts 8 mo/ allur+ w>es 9 front4 ,! display 9 bo? cases is bas$ on a s\nd k ( human nature4 ,:at d p talk ab\t 9 ! ev5+8 ,on 8 answ] to t "q ! editor's *oice ( /ories l>gely dep5ds4 ,mrs4 ,jones1 talk+ to ,mrs4 ,smi?1 tells fir/ ab\t ! elopem5t ( a neighbor's daught]4 ,n until t is dispos$ ( does %e comm5t on la/ ,sunday's s]mon4 ,newspap]s =m]ly 7 made on ! assumption t m5 7 ! only read]s4 ,n[ !y are made ) ! ta/es ( wom5 ev] 9 m9d4 ,! ev5+ newspap]1 especially1 is edit$ = ! wom51 on ! !ory t x is tak5 home 9 ! ev5+1 :ile ! morn+ newspap] is tak5 out ( ! home by ! man go+ to "w4 ,! newspap] is a bus9ess ent]prise4 ,9 ord] to live x mu/ get adv]tis+4 ,to get adv]tis+ x mu/ h circulation & to get circulation x mu/ int]e/ its read]s4 ,x c n d ?is by %oot+ cont9ually ov] ! heads ( its read]s4 ,b1 :ile ! newspap] reflects public ta/e1 x is g5]ally a little bett] ?an public ta/e4 ,c]ta9 classes ( news are suppress$ & o!rs are c>efully edit$4 ,:at is done ) news on ! bord] l9e dep5ds on ! individual policy ( ! pap]4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,/ories ,:ile ! v>iety ( news is inf9ite & no h>d-&-fa/ classification c be attempt$1 news /ories may be r\ghly gr\p$ 9 ?ree l>ge divisions3 #a4 ,! /ory bas$ on a rec5t happ5+ ( m or less importance 9 itself1 z a fire or a bus9ess transaction1 told )\t attempt at embelli%m5t4 ,?is may be call$ ! pla9 news /ory4 ,x is ! prim>y =m ( news writ+4 ,cle>ness & concis5ess are its fir/ requisites4 #b4 ,! /ory call$ by ! newspap] man a feature or a human-int]e/ /ory4 ,into ?is class falls practically all news writ+--except t set aside 9 dep>tm5ts--:i* does n fit 9 ! prec$+ gr\p4 ,"s writ]s p]haps w\ld make a di/9ction betwe5 8feature0 & 8human-int]e/0 z appli$ to news1 b s9ce ! t]ms are (t5 us$ int]*angeably1 x has seem$ simpl] to include !m "u "o head4 ,a feature /ory1 !n1 adopt+ ?is z a g5]al t]m1 is a /ory bas$ on some?+ odd or unusual1 humor\s or pa!tic4 ,su* a /ory (t5 dep5ds m on ! mann] ( ! tell+ ?an on :at is told4 8,human-int]e/0 n>r[s ! def9ition to ! /ory t appeals to ! emotions by its humor or pa?os4 ,/ripp$ to ! b>e facts1 a human-int]e/ /ory may be )\t news value2 b told ) ! ke5 sympa?y t comes ( accurate obs]vation & a k ( human nature x may h an ev5 great] value1 t ( giv+ ! read] a cle>] insight into ! real life ab\t him4 ,feature /ories conc]n+ odd or unusual or grotesque ?+s1 su* z ! man ) ! longe/ be>d 9 ! _w or ! boy :o builds an air%ip 9 8 back y>d1 may be only a few l9es 9 l5g? or !y may be develop$ into page ,sunday articles4 ,a /udy ( ! magaz9e & feature pages ( any metropolitan daily pap] w %[ ! possibilities ( ?is k9d ( /ory4 ,almo/ any subject may be made into a feature /ory if ! writ] has ! gift ( orig9ality4 #c4 ,dep>tm5t or classifi$ news4 ,"u ?is head come /ories t are gr\p$ by ! newspap] 9 sep>ate dep>tm5ts1 z sport+ news1 m>ket reports & society notes4 ,! ext5t to :i* news is classifi$ v>ies widely ) diff]5t newspap]s4 ,"s include only a few broad dep>tm5ts1 :ile o!rs classify news on _m subjects1 z s*ools & colleges1 g5ealogy1 wom5's clubs1 etc4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a dep>tm5t /ory becomes ( g5]al int]e/1 x is tak5 out ( its dep>tm5t & plac$ 9 ! g5]al news columns4 ,?is may be done1 = example1 ) ! /ory ( a _w's *ampion%ip baseball game or ( a sudd5 break 9 ! /ock m>ket4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ?is gr\p+ is subject to _m v>iations4 ,!re is (t5 an ov]lapp+ ( ! ?ree k9ds ( /ories describ$4 ,! nature ( news1 bas$ z x is on ! do+s ( p1 makes x impossible = "o to put a f+] on a /ory & say3 ,?is falls "u ,section ,a & is writt5 accord+ to ,rule ,blank4 ,! classification is sugge/$ only z a guide 9 ! /udy ( news writ+4 ,! int]view1 "o ( ! mo/ important features ( ! mod]n newspap]1 is n "h li/$ z a di/9ct k9d ( /ory4 ,x may ei!r =m an ess5tial "p ( a /ory or be itself a news /ory ( any ( ! types m5tion$4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,tell h[ ! foll[+ pla9 news /ory c\ld be develop$ into a feature /ory ( a column or m3 ,,bo/on1 ,nov4 #ab4--,! ?ird new /> to be discov]$ at ! ,h>v>d ,college ,obs]vatory 9 ! la/ six weeks 0 ann\nc$ to-night by ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,c4 ,pick]+4 ,miss ,a4 ,j4 ,gannon ( ! obs]vatory /aff f\nd ! /> 9 an exam9ation ( old photographic plates tak5 ,augu/ #aj1 #ahii4 ,x appe>s 9 ! con/ellation sagitt>ius f t date until ,octob]1 #aija4 ,,ii4 ,concise1 well-told /ory ( a humor\s incid5t1 us$ by ! ,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat* z a 8fill]0 on ,page #a4 ,note t ! /ory is n clogg$ ) irrelevant police data3 ,two burgl>s enjoy$ a laugh1 & a saloon keep]'s money 0 sav$ by ! wit ( ,joe ,johnson1 a negro port]1 e>ly ,w$nesday4 ,! burgl>s ent]$ ,edw>d ,kr5n+haus' saloon at #cidh ,ea/on av5ue1 & f9d+ ! port] asleep 9 ! back room awak5$ him4 8,:]e's ! boss' money80 ask$ "o ( ! burgl>s z he held a revolv] to ,johnson's head4 8,sakes alive10 ! port] /utt]$4 8,if ! boss kept 8 money "h he w\ldn't let me sleep 9 ! place40 ,! burgl>s laugh$ he>tily & dep>t$4 ,,iii4 ,! foll[+ /ory--a "m's acc\nt ( ! dea? ( h] son--is a f9e example ( ! be/ type ( human-int]e/ /ory4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun 7morn+71 (t5 ref]r$ to z ! 8newspap] man's newspap]0 because ( ! high /&>d ( writ+ t x ma9ta9s4 8,/udy ! ,sun's /yle0 is ! advice giv5 to report]s 9 _m newspap] (fices4 ,! /ory "h reproduc$ is by ,frank ,w>d ,o',malley4 ,x 0 repr9t$ 9 ! ,outlook ( ,novemb] #i1 #aijg3 ,mrs4 ,ca!r9e ,%eehan /ood 9 ! d>k5$ p>lor ( h] home at #cfa ,we/ ,fifte5? /reet late ye/]day aft]noon1 & told h] v]sion ( ! murd] ( h] son ,g5e1 ! y\?ful policeman :om a ?ug nam$ ,billy ,morley %ot 9 ! =ehead1 d[n "u ! ,*a?am ,squ>e elevat$ /ation e>ly ye/]day morn+4 ,g5e's "m 0 ?ankful t h] boy hadn't kill$ ,billy ,morley be=e he di$1 8because10 %e said1 8,i c say hone/ly1 ev5 n[1 t ,i'd r h ,g5e's dead body br\ght home to me1 z x w be to-night1 ?an to h him come to me & say1 #8,"m1 ,i _h to kill a man ?is morn+4' 8,god com=t ! poor wret* t kill$ ! boy10 ! "m w5t on1 8because he is m unhappy to-night ?an we are "h4 ,maybe he 0 weak-m9d$ ?r\gh dr9k4 ,he c\ldn't h kn[n ,g5e or he w\ldn't h kill$ him4 ,did !y tell y at ! ,oak ,/reet ,/ation t ! o!r policem5 call$ ,g5e ,happy ,%eehan8 ,any?+ !y told y ab\t him is true1 because no "o w\ld lie ab\t him4 ,he 0 always happy1 & he 0 a f9e-look+ "y man1 & he always _h to duck 8 helmet :5 he walk$ "u ! gas fixture 9 ! hall1 z he w5t out ! door4 8,he 0 do+ dance /eps on ! floor ( ! basem5t1 aft] 8 d9n] ye/]day noon1 = ! girls--8 si/]s1 ,i mean--& he /opp$ ( a sudd5 :5 he saw ! clock & pick$ up 8 helmet4 ,out on ! /reet he made pret5d to arre/ a little boy he kn[s1 :o 0 /&+ !re--to see ,g5e come out1 ,i suppose--& :5 ! little lad ran away laugh+1 ,i call$ out1 #8,y c\ldn't cat* ,willie1 ,g5e2 y're gett+ fat4' 8#8,yes1 & old1 mammy1' he said1 him :o is--:o 0--only tw5ty-six--#8s fat1' he said1 #8t ,i'm gett+ a new dress coat t'll make y pr\d :5 y see me 9 x1 mammy4' ,& he w5t ov] ,fifte5? /reet :i/l+ a tune & slapp+ 8 leg ) a fold$ newspap]4 ,& he hasn't come back aga94 8,b ,i saw him once aft] t1 ?ank ,god1 be=e he 0 %ot4 ,x's /range1 isn't x1 t ,i hunt$ him up on 8 beat late ye/]day aft]noon = ! fir/ "t 9 my life8 ,i nev] g ar\nd :]e my *ildr5 are work+ or /udy+--"o ,i s5t ?r\gh college ) :at ,i e>n$ at dressmak+1 & "s o!r little money ,i _h1 & he's n[ a tea*]2 & ! y\nge/ ,i h at college n[4 ,i don't mean t _! fa!r w\ldn't s5d !m if he c\ld1 b he's an invalid1 al?\gh he's got a position lately t isn't too h>d = him4 ,i got ,g5e prep>$ = college1 too1 b he want$ to g "r into an (fice 9 ,wall /reet4 ,i got him 9 !re1 b x 0 too quiet & tame = him1 ,"l h m]cy on 8 s\l2 & !n1 two ye>s ago1 he want$ to g on ! police =ce1 & he w5t4 8,aft] he w5t d[n ! /reet ye/]day ,i f\nd a little book on a *air1 a little li/ ( ! /reets or some?+1 t ,g5e _h =got4 ,i knew h[ p>ticul> !y are ab\t su* ?+s1 & ,i didn't want ! boy to get 9 tr\ble1 & s ,i ?rew on a %awl & walk$ ov] ?r\gh ,*amb]s /reet t[>d ! riv] to f9d him4 ,he 0 /&+ on a corn] "s place d[n !re ne> ! bridge clapp+ "t ) 8 h&s = a little newsy t 0 danc+2 b he /opp$ clapp+1 /ruck1 ,g5e did1 :5 he saw me4 ,he laugh$ :5 ,i h&$ him ! little book & told t 0 :y ,i'd se>*$ = him1 patt+ me on ! %\ld] :5 he laugh$--patt+ me on ! %\ld]4 8#8,x's a bad place = y "h1 ,g5e1' ,i said4 #8,!n x mu/ be bad = y1 too1 mammy1' said he2 & z he walk$ to ! end ( 8 beat ) me--x 0 d>k !n--he said1 #8,!y're lots ( crooks "h1 "m1 & !y "k & hate me & !y're afraid ( me'--pr\d1 he said x--#8b maybe !y'll get me "s night4' ,he patt$ me on ! back & turn$ & walk$ ea/ t[>d 8 dea?4 ,wasn't x /range t ,g5e said t8 8,y "k h[ he 0 kill$1 ( c\rse1 & h[--,n[ let me talk ab\t x1 *ildr51 if ,i want to4 ,i promis$ y1 didn't ,i1 t ,i w\ldn't cry any m or c>ry on8 ,well1 x 0 five o'clock ?is morn+ :5 a boy rang ! bell "h at ! h\se & ,i look$ out ! w9d[ & said1 #8,is ,g5e dead8' #8,no1 ma'am1' answ]$ ! lad1 #8b !y told me to tell y he 0 hurt 9 a fire & is 9 ! hospital4' ,j]ry1 my o!r boy1 _h op5$ ! door = ! lad & 0 talk+ to him :ile ,i dress$ a bit4 ,& !n ,i walk$ d[n /airs & saw ,j]ry /&+ sil5t "u ! gaslight1 & ,i said aga91 #8,j]ry1 is ,g5e dead8' ,& he said #8,yes1' & he w5t out4 8,aft] a :ile ,i w5t d[n to ! ,oak ,/reet ,/ation myself1 because ,i c\ldn't wait = ,j]ry to come back4 ,! policem5 all /opp$ talk+ :5 ,i came 91 & !n "o ( !m told me x 0 aga9/ ! rules to %[ me ,g5e at t "t4 ,b ,i knew ! policeman only ?\ght ,i'd break d[n1 b ,i promis$ him ,i w\ldn't c>ry on1 & he took me into a room to let me see ,g5e4 ,x 0 ,g5e4 8,i "k to-day h[ !y kill$ him4 ,! poor boy t %ot him 0 /&+ 9 ,*a?am ,squ>e argu+ ) ano!r man :5 ,g5e told him to move on4 ,:5 ! "y man w\ldn't1 b only answ]$ back1 ,g5e %ov$ him1 & ! "y man pull$ a revolv] & %ot ,g5e 9 ! face1 & he di$ be=e ,fa!r ,raff]ty1 ( ,/4 ,james's1 got to him4 ,god re/ 8 s\l4 ,a lot ( policem5 he>d ! %ot1 & !y all came runn+ ) _! pi/ols & clubs 9 _! h&s4 ,policeman ,laux--,i'll nev] =get 8 "n or any ( ! o!rs t ran to help ,g5e--came d[n ! ,b[]y & ran out into ! middle ( ! squ>e :]e ,g5e lay4 8,:5 ! man t %ot ,g5e saw ! policem5 com+1 he cr\*$ d[n & %ot at ,policeman ,laux1 b1 ?ank ,god1 he miss$ him4 ,!n policem5 nam$ ,h>r+ton & ,r\rke & ,moran & ,kehoe *as$ ! man all ar\nd ! /reets !re1 "s head+ him (f :5 he tri$ to run into t /reet t goes (f at an angle--,ea/ ,broadway1 is x8--a big cr[d _h come out ( ,*9at[n n[ & 0 *as+ ! man1 too1 until ,policem5 ,r\rke & ,kehoe got him back$ up aga9/ a wall4 ,:5 ,policeman ,kehoe came up close1 ! man %ot 8 pi/ol "r at ,kehoe & ! bullet graz$ ,kehoe's helmet4 8,all ! policem5 jump$ at ! man !n1 & "o ( !m knock$ ! pi/ol out ( 8 h& ) a bl[ ( a club4 ,!y beat him1 ?is ,billy ,morley1 s ,j]ry says 8 "n is1 b !y _h to because he f\ght s h>d4 ,!y told me ?is ev5+ t x w g h>d ) ! un=tunate murd]]1 because ,j]ry says t :5 a man nam$ ,frank ,o',h>e1 :o 0 arre/$ ?is ev5+ *>g$ ) /eal+ clo? or some?+1 0 be+ tak5 into headqu>t]s1 he told ,detective ,gegan t he & a "o-arm$ man :o answ]$ to ! description ( ,morley1 ! "y man :o kill$ ,g5e1 _h a dr9k la/ night 9 a saloon at ,tw5ty-second /reet & ,av5ue ,a & t :5 ! "o-arm$ man 0 leav+ ! saloon he turn$ & said1 #8,boys1 ,i'm go+ out n[ to bang a guy ) buttons4' 8,!y hav5't br\ght me ,g5e's body yet4 ,coron] ,%rady1 s my ,j]ry says1 held ,billy ,morley1 ! murd]]1 )\t lett+ him get out on bail1 & ,i suppose t 9 a case l ?is !y h to d a lot ( ?+s be=e !y c let me h ! body "h4 ,if ,g5e only hadn't di$ be=e ,fa!r ,raff]ty got to him1 ,i'd be happi]4 ,he didn't ne$ to make 8 confession1 y "k1 b x w\ld h be5 bett]1 w\ldn't x8 ,he wasn't bad1 & he w5t to mass on ,sunday )\t be+ told2 & ev5 9 ,l5t1 :5 we always say ! ros>y out l\d 9 ! d9+-room e night1 ,g5e himself said to me ! day aft] ,a% ,w$nesday1 #8,if y want to say ! ros>y at noon1 mammy1 be=e ,i g out1 in/ead ( at night :5 ,i c't be "h1 we'll d x4' 8,god w see t ,g5e's happy to-night1 won't he1 aft] ,g5e said t80 ! "m ask$ z %e walk$ out into ! hallway ) h] black-rob$ daught]s gr\p$ beh9d h]4 8,i "k he w10 %e said1 8& ,i'll--0 ,%e /opp$ ) an arm re/+ on ! bani/] to support h]4 8,i--,i "k ,i promis$ y1 girls10 said ,g5e's "m1 8t ,i'd try n to cry any m1 b ,i c't help x40 ,& %e turn$ t[>d ! wall & cov]$ h] face ) h] apron4 ,?is /ory 0 repr9t$ 9 ! ,outlook1 "u ! title1 8,! ,dea? ( ,happy ,g5e ,%eehan10 ) ! foll[+ editorial preface3 8,! #8/ories' ( ! report] on a daily pap] are writt5 "u su* try+ conditions ( hurry & confusion t !y seldom h1 9 ! v nature ( ! case1 :at is call$ ! #8lit]>y t\*4' ,b occasionally a news writ] produces a /ory :i* has real qualities ( vividness1 pa?os & p[]4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! dea? ( ,happy ,g5e ,%eehan1 :i* we repr9t by special p]mission f ! ,new ,york ,sun1 belongs to ?is class4 ,on ! morn+ :5 x appe>$1 a gr\p ( bus9ess m51 "o ( :om has relat$ ! incid5t to u1 7 rid+ f ,peekskill to ,new ,york 9 a commut]s' club c>4 ,sev]al games ( c>ds 7 9 progress1 & ! re/ ( ! pass5g]s 7 busy ) _! newspap]s or 9 conv]sation4 ,sudd5ly a cl]gyman1 :o _h be5 read+ ! ,sun1 rose & ask$ p]mission to read a /ory :i* he _h j f9i%$4 ,he _h read only a few l9es be=e ! c>d games 7 /opp$1 newspap]s 7 laid d[n1 & e man 9 ! c> 0 giv+ e>ne/ att5tion to ! read+4 ,x 0 ! /ory ( ,happy ,%eehan2 & ! effect :i* x produc$ ^u su* a gr\p ( busy m51 n easily to be mov$ by s5tim5t1 & n at all1 except to disgu/1 by s5tim5tality1 0 ! be/ complim5t :i* x c\ld h receiv$40 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,writ+ ,,! ,,lead ,newspap] ,engli% is ! /&>d4 ,!re may be critics1 :o belong to a pa/ g5]ation & :o h le>n$ by rule1 b = flexible1 expressive use ( ! language ! newspap] & ! o!r publications = ! masses _c be surpass$4444 ,:5 sci5tific or te*nical t]ms are employ$ !re is suffici5t context to make cle> ! application4 ,!re is no /ra9$ ef=t or labori\s use ( words to-day4 ,nor is !re a det]ioration1 z "s ( ! pr(essors ( ,engli% w\ld h u believe4 ,newspap] /yle is simple1 direct1 concise1 in/ructive & self-explanatory4 ,?is sets ! /&>d = ! great mass ( ! public4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,h]ald4 ,! me?od ( tell+ ! news /ory is usually ! opposite ( t employ$ by ! writ] ( fiction4 ,in/ead ( giv+ ! sett+ ( 8 /ory & !n work+ gradually t[>d ! climax1 ! news writ]1 z a rule1 puts ! climax 9 ! v beg9n+--9 :at is te*nically call$ ! lead ( ! /ory4 ,if ?ree p]sons 7 kill$ 9 a tra9 wreck he tells t fact succ9ctly 9 ! op5+ s5t5ce4 ,!re is no halt+1 no prelim9>y cat*+ ( ! brea?1 b a /raight=w>d plunge into ! ma9 facts4 ,"h aga9 news writ+ is closely ak9 to ev]yday spee*4 ,if y 7 tell+1 9 a hurri$ conv]sation1 ( a baseball game y _h j se51 y w\ld beg9 by giv+ ! score--! result ( ! game4 ,!n1 z "t p]mitt$1 y w\ld elaborate ) details4 ,t is ! me?od ( ! news /ory ( imm$iate importance1 ^: prim>y purpose is to in=m4 ,a di/9ction 0 made 9 ! prec$+ *apt] betwe5 a /ory ( ?is k9d & a feature /ory4 ,:at is said "h ( ! lead does n apply to feature writ+1 :i* (t5 foll[s ! fictional me?od ( hold+ ! read] 9 susp5se4 ,nei!r does x apply to ! news /ory :i* is told s briefly t a summ>y ( ! facts 9 ! beg9n+ w\ld result 9 imm$iate & useless repetition 9 ! body ( ! /ory4 ,,:at ,,! ,,lead ,,is ,! /raight news lead ( ! /ory t is allott$ en\gh space to w>rant ! giv+ ( details conta9s ! ma9 facts boil$ d[n 9 ! op5+ s5t5ces4 ,! lead %\ld be complete 9 itself1 s t ! read] may grasp ! ess5tials )\t be+ compell$ to read ! entire /ory4 ,rememb] t y\r /ory is n an essay to be read at leisure4 ,x is writt5 = busy m5 & wom51 & its function is to in=m1 & in=m quickly4 ,! av]age ,am]ican read] has no "t = ! rambl+ type ( /ory t describes ! 8d>k & /illy night0 to ! ext5t ( a column & !n tells 9 ! la/ p>agraph t a man 0 murd]$4 ,he dem&s to "k ab\t ! murd] at once4 ,!n1 if he is int]e/$1 he w read ! details4 ,seldom is ! lead long] ?an a p>agraph1 unless x is brok5 up by mak+ ea* s5t5ce a p>agraph4 ,?is fir/ p>agraph--! mo/ important 9 ! /ory1 s9ce x tells ! facts 9 a nut%ell--%\ld be made z concise & pi?y z possible4 ,tell all ! ess5tial facts1 b avoid cumb]some s5t5ce /ructure 9 do+ s4 ,%ort1 simple s5t5ces are ! mo/ =cible4 ,above all1 make ! lead easy = ! read] to und]/&4 ,,:at ,,! ,,lead ,,%\ld ,,conta9 ,:o8 ,:at8 ,:58 ,:]e8 ,:y8 ,x is a /&>d rule t ! news lead %\ld answ] ^! que/ions ab\t ! /ory4 ,prop]ly int]pret$1 ! rule is a good "o1 b x may be appli$ too lit]ally4 ,! beg9n] 9 news writ+ is incl9$ to g to ! extreme 9 try+ to answ] ea* "q 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,! result is (t5 an involv$ s5t5ce 9 :i* ! read] becomes lo/ 9 a maze ( p>ticiples & qualify+ clauses4 ,"h is a sample f a /ory turn$ 9 by a 8cub0 report]3 ,:ile /udy+ la/ night = an exam9ation1 ,miss ,sallie ,smi?1 #ah ye>s old1 a /ud5t 9 ! ,blank ,bus9ess ,college1 fell asleep & ov]turn$ a lamp1 sev]ely burn+ h] face & h&s & slightly burn+ h] fa!r1 ,john ,smi?1 a pla/]]1 :o came to h] rescue :5 he he>d h] scream1 & caus+ damage am\nt+ to ab\t #cjj to _! home1 #bjae ,ea/ ,broadway4 ,"h is mat]ial = ?ree or f\r s5t5ces1 cr[d$ toge!r haphaz>d4 ,aside f its o!r manife/ faults1 ! s5t5ce is too cumb]some = ! newspap]4 ,don't write s5t5ces t require ! read] to cat* 8 brea? be=e he gets to ! end4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! /ory is ( su* a nature t ! lead+ facts c readily be told 9 a s+le graphic s5t5ce4 ,= example ! foll[+ lead ( a publi%$ telegraph dispat*3 ,m ?an #ajj m5 are believ$ to h be5 kill$ by a t]rific explosion 9 ! ,blank ,m9es ( ! ,br[n ,fuel & ,iron ,company at #d3cj o'clock ?is aft]noon4 ,?is s5t5ce answ]s all ! ess5tial que/ions4 ,note t ! writ] does n beg9 ) ! fact ( ! explosion & "w t[>d ! loss ( life1 b tells at once1 9 ! simple/ mann] possible1 t #ajj m5 may h p]i%$4 ,?is is ! vital fact ( ! /ory4 ,no words are wa/$ 9 prelim9>ies4 ,)\t attempt at ornam5tation1 ! writ] goes directly to ! he>t ( ! /ory4 ,x is conceivable t he might h writt51 9 ! conv5tional fa%ion ( ^? :o h =m$ ! habit ( beg9n+ e /ory ) a p>ticiple3 ,/ruggl+ va9ly to escape f ! poison\s gases t fill$ e inn]mo/ recess1 #ajj helpless m9]s1 caught l rats 9 a trap1 met dea? z ! result (1 etc4 ,note ! diff]5ce 9 effect betwe5 ! %ort1 cle> /atem5t ( fact & ! lead t attempts to ga9 ! read]'s att5tion by 8f9e writ+40 ,get rid ( ! idea t because a s5t5ce is simple x is weak4 ,! ,bible says 8,jesus wept40 ,if ! av]age writ] 7 call$ ^u to put t fact into words1 he w\ld probably rack 8 bra9 = descriptive epi!ts4 ,yet ! ,bible tells x all 9 two words ( "o syllable ea*--a v]b & its subject--( m compress$ p[] ?an a page ( ?und]+ adjectives4 ,:5 ! lead _c be told 9 a s+le s5t5ce )\t dang] ( clums9ess & confusion1 don't hesitate to divide x into sev]al s5t5ces4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce tell ! mo/ important ?+--! climax--9 ord] to grip ! read]'s att5tion4 ,!n tell ! o!r facts ne$$ = a quick und]/&+ ( ! /ory & aft] t develop ! /ory logically4 ,,obs]vance ,,( ,,/yle ,y\r /yle ( writ+ ! lead w dep5d some:at on ! cu/om ( ! pap] = :i* y are work+4 ,"s newspap]s /ill insi/ rigidly on ! :o-:at-:5-:]e-:y rule = beg9n+ all except feature /ories & %ort items4 ,o!rs are dep>t+ m & m f ! rule4 ,! t5d5cy n[adays on a few well-edit$ newspap]s 7notably ! ,kansas ,city ,/> & ,times7 is to tell ! /ory *ronologically f ! />t1 leav+ out ! lead or introduction altoge!r1 except p]haps 9 ! case ( especially important happ5+s su* z ! m9e disa/] ref]r$ to above4 ,?is is probably ! result ( ! gr[+ importance ( ! headl9e 9 ! mod]n newspap]4 ,=m]ly newspap]s 7 cont5t to use g5]al head+s1 su* z 8,v ,important10 8,! ,late/ f ,europe0 & 8,c\rt ,news10 b ! pres5t-day newspap] aims to tell ! /ory specifically 9 ! head4 ,?us ! av]age news /ory really is put be=e ! read] ?ree times--once 9 ! head1 aga9 9 ! lead & f9ally 9 ! /ory prop]4 ,d\bt ( ! wisdom 9 all cases ( ?is d\ble repetition is responsible = ! t5d5cy to drop ! lead & let ! headl9e usurp its place4 ,no inv>iable rules z to :5 ?is is advisable c be laid d[n4 ,! writ] %\ld /udy c>efully ! /yle ( 8 pap] & be guid$ by x4 ,,leads ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ ,x is a good g5]al rule1 & "o en=c$ by ne>ly all newspap]s1 to avoid beg9n+ a /ory ) ! "t4 ,an exception may be made1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! "t ( a happ5+ is ! factor t makes ! /ory4 ,ord9>ily ! "t is n important en\gh to be put fir/ 9 ! s5t5ce1 ?\gh x %\ld be told well t[>d ! beg9n+ ( ! /ory4 ,simil>ly1 avoid />t+ a /ory ) ! place4 ,! weakness ( ! lead t violates ^! rules is %[n 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,at #d o'clock ye/]day aft]noon1 at ,six? & ,m>ket /reets1 ,william ,jones 0 %ot & kill$1 etc4 ,avoid ! trite lead1 su* z 8caught l rats 9 a trap0 & 8nev] 9 ! hi/ory (40 ,! newspap] writ] unconsci\sly accumulates a va/ /ock ( conv5i5t trite phrases1 on :i* he is tempt$ to draw :5 work+ hurri$ly4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght1 h[ev]1 w ne>ly always sugge/ a bett] way ( expression4 8,at a meet+ (0 is usually a weak beg9n+1 & "s newspap]s nev] p]mit x4 ,bett] tell at ! outset :at 0 done at ! meet+4 ,x is m effective to say1 8,?ree patrolm5 7 dis*>g$ ye/]day by ! ,police ,bo>d0 ?an 8,at a meet+ ( ! ,police ,bo>d ye/]day ?ree patrolm5 7 dis*>g$40 ,! meet+ itself is an incid5t4 ,! results ( ! meet+ make ! /ory4 ,avoid ! lead burd5$ ) police data4 ,= example3 ,frank ,smi?1 #bc ye>s old1 resid+ at #ajaj ,a /reet1 0 arre/$ ?is morn+ at #aj o'clock by ,patrolman ,jones ( ! ,fif? ,di/rict on a *>ge ( /abb+ & sev]ely w\nd+ ,ar?ur ,br[n1 #bg ye>s old1 ( #beaj ,b /reet4 ,writ+ ( ?is k9d appe>s to h be5 copi$ f ! police reports4 ,x is =bidd5 by all well-edit$ newspap]s4 ,res]ve uness5tial details = ! body or ! conclusion ( ! /ory if !y are us$ at all4 ,let ! lead tell ! ma9 facts unhamp]$ by /ati/ics4 ,,s5t5ce ,,/ructure ,mu* t might be said fur!r ab\t writ+ ! lead is summ$ up 9 ! simple injunction3 ,be natural4 ,"s newspap]s caution _! writ]s aga9/ beg9n+ a /ory ) 8a0 or 8!10 b an exam9ation ( ! lead+ newspap]s ( ! c\ntry %[s t ?is practice is n g5]ally foll[$4 ,/rict adh]5ce to su* a rule w\ld (t5 cause cumb]some or unnatural s5t5ce /ructure4 ,unless y\r pap] =bids x1 don't be afraid to beg9 y\r fir/ s5t5ce ) an article if t is ! logical1 natural way to /ate ! ma9 fact4 ,on ! o!r h&1 avoid ov]work+ 8a0 & 8!40 ,! same advice is applicable to ! lead 9 g5]al1 & 9 fact to all news writ+3 don't adopt "o k9d ( s5t5ce /ructure & use x to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,a s]ies ( s5t5ces all built on ! same plan becomes monoton\s4 ,9 ?is respect z well z 9 o!rs get v>iety into y\r /ory4 ,,leads ,,t ,,beg9 ,,) ,,names ,by no means taboo ! s5t5ce t beg9s ) ! "n ( a p]son1 especially if t "n is widely kn[n4 ,(t5 ! be/ lead possible is "o t tells ! "n ( ! *ief "* at ! outset4 ,a 8big0 "n attracts imm$iate att5tion4 ,(t5 x is ! only ju/ification = pr9t+ ! /ory4 ,! fact t ! av]age citiz5 spra9s 8 ankle is n news2 b x is news if ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates spra9s 8 ankle4 ,! "n 9 ! latt] case1 n ! accid5t1 makes ! /ory wor? :ile4 ,9 ano!r type ( /ory ! "n is ( little importance2 ! ma9 ?+ is ! happ5+ on :i* ! /ory is bas$4 ,be> ^! facts 9 m9d 9 writ+ y\r lead4 ,! ideal /ory1 f ! news /&po9t1 is "o :i* comb9es big names & big happ5+s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 y\r /ory tells ( an accid5t 9 :i* sev]al p]sons 7 kill$ or injur$1 put ! names ne> ! beg9n+1 ev5 ?\gh1 consid]$ sep>ately1 !y are n important z news4 ,9 read+ ! acc\nt ( a disa/] ( any k9d 9 :i* human lives 7 lo/ ! av]age read] looks fir/ at ! names2 he is eag] to le>n if anyone 9 :om he is int]e/$ 0 injur$ or kill$4 ,aft] ! ,iroquois !at] fire 9 ,*icago1 "o great newspap] devot$ its entire front page to a li/ ( ! kill$ & injur$4 ,x is a common practice ( _m newspap]s to enclose tabulat$ li/s ( ! kill$ & injur$1 ) a concise /atem5t ( ! nature ( ! injuries1 9 :at newspap] m5 call a 8box0 to g at ! head ( ! /ory4 ,?is n only aids ! read] b simplifies ! "w ( ! news writ]4 ,x is possible1 9 m9or /ories ( unimportant p]sons1 to c>ry ! 8featur+0 ( names to an extreme4 ,not+ ?is t5d5cy 9 its /aff at "o "t1 a widely read we/]n newspap] issu$ a rule t !reaft] no /ory %\ld beg9 ) a "n4 ,no exceptions 7 made4 ,! result 0 /ra9$ & artificial writ+ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ces ( _m ( ! lead+ news /ories4 ,at ! end ( a week ! ord] 0 recall$4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,rule ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ! advice sometimes giv5 news writ]s to tell :o1 :at1 :51 :]e & :y z soon z possible 9 ! /ory4 ,inve/igation %[s t if any su* rule exi/s x is n g5]ally adh]$ to4 ,facts t come "u ^! heads are (t5 subord9at$ to make ! lead cle> or to give ! ma9 fact add$ prom95ce4 ,e /ory mu/ be consid]$ by itself4 ,if any /rict rule c be laid d[n1 x is ?is3 ,tell ! ma9 facts fir/1 z cle>ly & =cibly z y c4 ,rememb]1 h[ev]1 on :atev] plan y build y\r lead1 to answ] all ! ess5tial que/ions some:]e 9 ! /ory4 ,! /ory t tells :o1 :at1 :51 :]e & :y1 & 9 addition expla9s h[1 is likely to be complete4 ,z a report]1 run ov] ^! que/ions 9 y\r m9d & see if y are prep>$ to give an answ] to ea*4 ,,/udy ,,( #ajj ,,typical ,,/ories ,to asc]ta9 ! favorite newspap] me?od ( beg9n+ ! /ory1 *iefly f ! po9t ( view ( s5t5ce /ructure1 ! writ] exam9$ #ajj fir/-page /ories 9 sixte5 ( ! lead+ daily newspap]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is is ! result1 tabulat$3 ,beg9n+ ) subject ( ma9 v]b #ga ,beg9n+ ) modify+ phrase or clause #bc ,beg9n+ ) direct quotation #d ,beg9n+ ) 8,!re is0 #b ,9 o!r words1 #ga p] c5t4 op5$ ) a simple1 direct /atem5t ( fact1 ) ! qualify+ p>ts subord9at$4 ,tw5ty-?ree p] c5t4 op5$ ) a qualify+ phrase or clause conta9+ "s feature ( ! /ory1 z 8?anks to ! wireless telegraph10 8dragg$ m ?an #ajj feet0 & 8unless a c\rt rul+ int]f]es40 ,f\r p] c5t4 began ) a /rik+ quotation1 :ile only #b p] c5t4 us$ ! 8!re is0 /ructure 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,( ! sev5ty-"o /ories t began ) ! ma9 clause1 tw5ty-two put names fir/4 ,9 ne>ly e su* case ! "n 0 t ( "s widely kn[n p]son1 ei!r nationally or 9 ! community 9 :i* ! pap] is publi%$1 su* z ! ,presid5t1 a gov]nor or a *ief ( police4 ,only six ( ! #ajj /ories began ) a subord9ate phrase 9 ! p>ticipial =m4 ,"o /ory op5$ by answ]+ ! "q 8:y0 9 a 8because0 clause & two op5$ ) 8al?\gh40 ,n "o gave ! "t or ! place fir/ 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,9 no case 0 ! introductory s5t5ce long or involv$4 ,! figures "h compil$ are in/ructive 9 %[+ t ! mod]n news writ] wa/es no "t 9 prelim9>ies1 b goes /raight to ! he>t ( 8 /ory4 ,! fir/ words ( tw5ty typical leads ( ! #ajj exam9$1 indicat+ _! s5t5ce /ructure1 are "h giv53 ,elev5 m5 7 kill$ 444 ,) two ( ! lead+ families ( ,monroe c\nty array$ aga9/ ea* o!r 444 ,two *ivalr\s firem5 rescu$ 444 ,/irr$ by ! disclosures 444 ,) ! arrival ( ! /eam%ip 444 ,bus9ess rev]ses are said to h be5 ! cause 444 ,evid5ce t5d+ to prove t 444 ,! ,unit$ ,wireless ,/ation 444 ,?ree hundr$ insurg5ts 444 ,gov]nor ,hadley's /atem5t 444 ,sure ( a prompt response 444 ,a g5]al d5ial 444 ,decl>+ ! f>m] to be ! la/ p]son consid]$ 444 ,presid5t ,taft 444 ,a v]dict ( 444 ,! results ( ! 444 ,) a dead man at ! /e]+ :eel1 an automobile 444 ,! 8wet0 or 8dry0 issue 444 ,indictm5t ( twelve m5 444 ,compla9ts h rea*$ 444 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,/raight=w>d1 simple news lead ( an ,associat$ ,press dispat*1 brok5 up into ?ree t]se s5t5ces3 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,nov4 #ai4--;,f\r m5 7 kill$ to-day by ! premature explosion ( a five-in* gun at ! ,indian ,head ,prov+ ,gr\nds ( ! navy4 ,! bree* block ( ! gun1 :i* 0 be+ te/$1 blew backw>d into ! gun crew4 ,lieut5ant ,ar?ur ,g4 ,caffee 0 "o ( ! m5 kill$4 ,! dead 9 addition to ,lieut5ant ,caffee are3 7,li/ ( ! dead foll[s1 !n a detail$ /ory half a column 9 l5g?47 7,note t all ! ess5tial que/ions are answ]$ 9 ?is lead3 ,:o8 8,f\r m510 giv+ names4 ,:at8 8,kill$40 ,:58 8,to-day40 ,:]e8 8,at ! ,indian ,head ,prov+ ,gr\nds40 ,! cause ( ! explosion 0 n det]m9$1 b ! writ] tells succ9ctly h[ ! m5 7 kill$47 ,,ii4 ,contra/ ! =ego+ me?od ) t ( ! foll[+ lead f ! ,kansas ,city ,/>1 9 :i* a dramatic situation is emphasiz$ by hold+ ! int]e/ susp5d$4 7,! names are fictiti\s73 8,=e60 ,! ^w rang di/9ctly 9 ! cle> air ye/]day aft]noon4 ,a p>ty ( golf play]s wat*$ a ball :i* w5t :izz+ ?r\gh ! air f ,no4 #d to ,no4 #e hole on ! golf l9ks at ,swope ,p>k4 ,almo/ 9 _! l9e ( vision a puff ( smoke w5t into ! air4 ,! fa9t s\nd ( a %ot rea*$ !m4 ,!y saw a man fall4 ,john ,smi?1 =m]ly a cl]k = ! ,blank ,bro!rs ,coal ,company1 _h %ot & mortally w\nd$ himself4 ,scores ( golf]s & o!r p]sons walk+ ab\t ! p>k ru%$ to ! spot :]e ,smi? _h fall54 ,! fir/ to rea* him 0 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,jones ( #aj ,a /reet1 :o _h be5 /roll+ ab\t ! p>k ) h] f\r *ildr54 ,%e he>d ! revolv] %ot & saw ,smi? fall4 ,! bullet _h ent]$ 8 head ne> ! "r temple & pass$ ?r\gh4 7,! /ory cont9ues to ! ext5t ( a column47 7,?is /ory illu/rates :at has be5 said ( ! t5d5cy1 z reg>ds news ( second>y importance1 to "w t[>d1 r ?an f1 ! climax4 ,a news lead ( ! type 9 ,i w\ld h conta9$ ! fact ( ! suicide 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,note ! effect ( ! %ort s5t5ces47 ,,iii4 ,! lead ( ano!r suicide /ory f ! same newspap] 9 :i* ! me?od is m conv5tional3 ,aft] suff]+ f acute rheumatism t _h r5d]$ him helpless ?ree ye>s1 conf9+ him to 8 home & necessitat+ 8 retirem5t f active bus9ess1 ,john ,w4 ,williams1 #ej ye>s old1 end$ 8 life at #e o'clock ye/]day aft]noon 9 8 ap>tm5ts at #bj ,we/ /reet by a revolv] %ot4 7,all ! ess5tial facts ab\t ! /ory are "h told 9 a nut%ell4 ,! lead c\ld h /ood z a complete /ory _h space requirem5ts dem&$ t ! succe$+ p>agraphs be 8kill$407 ,,iv4 ,op5+ ( a fire /ory f ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald 9 :i* ! human-int]e/ feature is 8play$ up03 ,sev5 families 7 driv5 to ! /reets & two sleep+ infants rescu$ & c>ri$ f _! cribs by _! t]rifi$ mo!rs 9 a fire :i* la/ night attack$ ! ,catalpa ,ap>tm5ts1 #agbg-bi ,humboldt b\lev>d1 caus+ a loss ( #cj1jjj4 ,! fire1 :i* spread rapidly ?r\gh\t ! ?ree-/ory brick ap>tm5t build+1 0 caus$ by a faulty boil] 9 ! basem5t4 ,! flames ru%$ up ! air %aft1 ?us attack+ ! ?ree floors at practically ! same "t4 ,! fire occurr$ e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 be=e any ( ! families _h retir$1 & ?is fact alone prev5t$ probable fatalities4 7,note h[ ! writ] has jump$ "r into ! middle ( ?+s )\t wa/e ( words4 ,:ile ! human-int]e/ elem5t is made prom95t1 o!r features ( ! /ory are n neglect$47 ,v4 ,lead %[+ t good news /yle does n dem& t all ! sali5t facts be cr[d$ into "o s5t5ce3 ,,london1 ,nov4 #ah4--;,an army ( #cej militant suffragettes tri$ to /orm ,p>liam5t ,friday4 ,*>g+ ) ,amazonian fury aga9/ ! d\ble l9e ( police ab\t ! build+1 !y made half a doz5 attempts to break ?r\gh ! cordon4 ,six wom5 7 arre/$4 ,,vi4 ,lead f ! ,new ,york ,sun :i* beg9s ) a direct quotation3 8,if hell /ood 9 ne$ ( a k+ or que5 !re are p on e>? to-day :o c\ld take ! job & hold x d[n10 said ,bi%op ,quayle ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 9 a s]mon he prea*$ ye/]day morn+ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,heights ,*ur*4 ,bi%op ,quayle1 a product ( ,kansas ,city1 is consid]$ 8a typical man ( ! ,we/10 "o :o n only v5tures to slap ano!r man on ! back1 b :om ano!r ,we/]n] w\ld d>e slap on ! back4 7,"h ! news writ] has call$ att5tion to 8 /ory by pick+ out & 8featur+0 a /rik+ s5tim5t f ! speak]'s rem>ks4 ,! second s5t5ce skillfully *>act]izes ! speak] & conveys ! idea t "h is no /]eotyp$ report ( a s]mon1 z ! read] might h fe>$1 b a pleasant1 in=mal summ>y ( its mo/ int]e/+ po9ts47 ,,vii4 ,9 :i* ! /ory is summ>iz$ 9 a %ort op5+ quotation3 ,,l>$o1 ,,tex41 ,nov4 #ai4--8,mexico to-night faces ! mo/ s]i\s crisis 9 rec5t ye>s40 ,! =ego+ /atem5t made to-night by ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul ,g>rett at ,nuevo ,l>$o1 ,mexico1 j across ! bord]1 summ>izes ! situation z x exi/s n[ along ! fronti]4 ,,viii4 ,illu/rat+ ! use ( direct quotation 9 ! lead to give ! 8atmosph]e0 ( an int]view3 ,,new ,,york1 ,nov4 #ah4--8,?is is ! age ( woman1 ! dome/ic pet4 ,also x is ! age ( gold1 :i* is necess>y to ! prop] coddl+ ( dome/ic pets40 ,?is is "o ( ! ideas :i* ,miss ,m>g>et ,mc,millan has come to ,am]ica to lecture ab\t4 ,miss ,mc,millan is n 8ano!r ( ^? ,engli% suffragi/s40 ,%e 0 born 9 ,we/*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 & is an au?ority 9 ,engl& on ! education & ne$s ( *ildr54 ,,ix4 ,lead 9 :i* ! feature is put 9 indirect quotation3 ,,baltimore1 ,nov4 #ab4--;,dr9k+ & cig>ette smok+ are n on ! increase among ! wom5 ( ,am]ica1 accord+ to ,lillian ,m4 ,n4 ,/ev5s1 presid5t ( ! ,national ,wom5's ,*ri/ian ,temp]ance ,union4 ,address+ ! annual conv5tion ( ! organization "h to-day1 %e said 9 "p3 7,direct quotation foll[s47 ,x4 ,! *ronological me?od ( tell+ a /ory :i* is s %ort t a summ>y ( ! facts 9 a =mal lead w\ld be useless3 ,,nyack1 ,n4 ,y41 ,oct4 #bg4--;,joseph de ,bonti1 an #h-ye>-old boy ( ,hav]/raw1 be=e />t+ = s*ool put a revolv] c>tridge 9 8 m\? & began bit+ on x4 ,! c>tridge explod$ & ! boy fell to ! floor dead1 ! bullet hav+ gone upw>d ?r\gh ! bra94 ,,xi4 ,example ( ! use t is sometimes made ( an apt quotation to prec$e a feature /ory4 ,f ! ,kansas ,city ,/>3 ,matilda wa% ! di%es2 ,luc9da fet* ! broom2 ,& ,sookey set ! *airs nice all ar\nd ! room4 --,old ,song ,,hut*9son1 ,,kan41 ,nov4 #ah4--;,because ,/ubbs won 9 ,kansas1 ,erne/ ,switz]1 an employ ( ! ,bell ,telephone ,company1 mu/ play ! "p ( an unwill+ ,c9d]ella :ile ! hir$ girl sp5ds ! ev5+ tak+ 9 ! cann$ drama at ! motion picture %[s4 ,,xii4 ,:]e ! "t is ! feature ( ! /ory3 ,an h\r be=e ! fun]al ( 8 fa!r 0 held ye/]day1 ,william ,br[n1 #cj ye>s old1 0 call$ f 8 home1 #aac ,z /reet1 & arre/$4 ,! arre/ 0 made at ! reque/ ( ! police ( ,*icago1 etc4 ,,xiii4 ,:]e ! place is ! feature ( ! /ory3 ,,gu?rie1 ,,ok41 ,nov4 #ag4--;,9 rooms numb]$ #fb1 #dg & #cb at ! ,royal ,hotel !re is sweep+ & du/+ to-night4 ,gov]nor ,haskell has notifi$ ! l&lord ( ! hotel t he w return to ,gu?rie e>ly ,saturday morn+ to resume 8 (ficial resid5ce1 :i* he ab&on$ ! night ( ,june #aa to g to ,oklahoma ,city4 ,,xiv4 ,%[+ h[ ! same /ory 0 epitomiz$ by two diff]5t writ]s3 #a4 ,f ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald3 ,,d5v]1 ,nov4 #ag4--,ralph ,john/one1 ! ,wright bro!rs' mo/ d>+ aviator & ! hold] ( ! _w's record = altitude flights1 fell #ejj feet at ,ov]l& ,p>k to-day1 & broke e bone 9 8 body4 ,9 attempt+ a 8spiral glide0 to ! e>? he =got = a mom5t t ! atmosph]e "h has n ! c>ry+ p[] ( t to :i* he 0 accu/om$1 & dea? 0 8 p5alty4 ,_m ?\s&s ( spectators 7 on ! field :5 ,john/one fell1 b only a few hundr$ ( !m actually saw ! accid5t1 = ! att5tion ( ! great cr[d 0 c5t]$ ^u ,john/one's p>tn]1 ,hoxsey1 !n 9 air4 #b4 ,f ! ,kansas ,city ,/>3 ,,d5v]1 ,nov4 #ag4--,) "o w+ tip ( 8 ma*9e b5t & brok51 ,ralph ,john/one1 ! aviator :o held ! _w's altitude record1 fell f a height ( five hundr$ feet into ! inclosure at ,ov]l& ,p>k aviation field late ?is aft]noon & 0 kill$4 ,:5 ! spectators cr[d$ ab\t ! inclosure rea*$ him1 8 body lay b5ea? ! eng9e ( ! biplane ) ! :ite planes t _h fail$ him wrapp$ ab\t x l a %r\d4 ,ne>ly e bone 9 8 body 0 brok54 ,,xv4 ,! foll[+ leads illu/rate v>i\s faults4 ,criticize f ! po9t ( view ( /yle & re-write3 #a4 ,alleg+ a sy/ematic police ?ird degree by means ( :i* %e insi/s special (fic]s ( ! ,blank ,/reet ,di/rict h p]secut$ h] #ai-ye>-old son1 ,john1 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,smi? ( #ajaj ,c /reet appe>$ be=e ,judge ,william ,br[n 9 *amb]s1 ,friday noon1 & succe$$ 9 lay+ be=e ! judge evid5ce ( su* a "* t ! c\rt held 9 abeyance its revocation ( ! "y man's p>ole4 ,if ! cont5tion ( ! "m proves correct1 ,*ief ( ,police ,jones w likely take a h& & ! ,bo>d ( ,police ,commission]s may be giv5 ! matt]4 #b4 ,! ?ree-/ory brick build+ at #adj-aeh ,d av5ue 0 completely de/roy$ by fire e>ly to-day1 ! blaze be+ ext+ui%$ only aft] ?ree al>ms _h be5 s\nd$4 ,! damage is e/imat$ at #ej1jjj4 ,! build+ 0 occupi$ by ! ,blank ,bag ,company & 0 situat$ 9 ! c5t] ( a factory section4 ,! ?ree hundr$ employs1 m5 & wom51 are ?r[n out ( "w4 #c4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,blank ,improvem5t ,association at ,smi? ,hall1 ,broadway & ,wilson /reet1 ye/]day aft]noon1 a fight 0 propos$ aga9/ ! ,city ,railways ,company & a compla9t w probably be fil$ 9 ,police ,c\rt 9 a few days if ! ,eigh? /reet c> l9e is n ext5d$ to ! city limits4 ,!y also want m c>s dur+ ! ru% h\rs ov] ! pres5t l9e4 ,william ,h[>d1 manag] ( ! ,city ,railways1 has refus$ to put on m c>s to accommodate ! traffic1 x is said4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,/ory ,,prop] ,!re are numb]s ( p ^: ideal pap] is "o 9 :i* ! editorials %all be writt5 by an ,addison1 a ,lamb1 or a ,swift2 ! art criticism by a ,rusk92 :ile ! f9ancial editor %all be an ,adam ,smi?4 ,x is a fairly safe guess t a newspap] ) su* a /aff w\ld h a life ab\t z long z ! m9i/ry ( all ! tal5ts4 ,imag9e ,mrs4 ,battle's views on :i/ 444 writt5 9 an h\r at midnight4 ,good writ+ really consi/s ( cle>ness ( expression m+l$ ) true lit]>y =m4 ,& ^! are qualities n unobta9able ev5 9 a daily pap]1 z ,mr4 ,/ra*ey 7editor ( ! ,london ,spectator7 himself admitt$4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,bo/on4 ,i h always c>$ mu* = /yle & h endeavor$ to improve my own by read+ a great deal ( ! be/ ,engli% & ,fr5* prose4 ,9 writ+1 z 9 music1 mu* ( ! p]fection ( /yle is a "q ( e>1 b mu* also dep5ds on ! ideal ! writ] sets be=e himself4 ,he ought1 ,i ?9k1 to aim at ! greate/ possible simplicity & accuracy ( expression1 at vividness & =ce1 at cond5sation4 ,! la/ two heads w usually be f\nd to bl5d2 = cond5sation1 :5 x is n atta9$ at ! sacrifice ( cle>ness1 is ! great secret ( =ce4 ,i %\ld say1 f my own exp]i5ce1 t mo/ improvem5ts ( /yle are ( ! nature ei!r ( cond5sation or ( increas$ accuracy & delicacy ( di/9ction4--,f ! ,memoirs ( ,w4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,lecky4 ,mo/ news /ories1 z already po9t$ out1 "w backw>d f effect to cause4 ,9 ! /ory ( a fire1 = example1 ! writ] fir/ sets =? ! mo/ important results ( ! fire4 ,if !re 7 no features ( obvi\s news int]e/1 su* z ! loss ( life or heavy prop]ty loss1 he may ca/ ab\t = picturesque details t w enable him to give a novel turn to 8 /ory4 ,9 ei!r ev5t he beg9s ) ! effect4 ,! lead writt51 conta9+ p]haps a sugge/ion ( ! cause1 he proce$s to tell ! /ory 9 detail4 ,usually ! facts are put d[n 9 ! ord] ( _! importance1 uness5tial details be+ res]v$ = ! la/ p>agraph4 ,?is me?od may be dep>t$ f1 ( c\rse1 if ! mo/ /rik+ fact ab\t ! fire 0 n ! result b ! mann] ( its />t+4 ,if ! fire1 9 itself unimportant1 0 "o ( a s]ies />t$ by an inc5di>y1 ! feature ( ! /ory manife/ly is f\nd 9 ! cause & n 9 ! effect4 ,! lead 9 t case w\ld be built on ! cause1 :i* is ! reason = pr9t+ ! /ory4 ,,compression ,,& ,,expansion ,9 any case ! /ory beg9s ) ! ma9 fact & moves t[>d ! contributory incid5ts4 ,keep+ 8 lead 9 m9d1 to avoid ne$less repetition1 ! writ] exp&s 8 /ory to ! requir$ l5g? by ! addition ( details4 ,:at he %all tell is det]m9$ p>tly by 8 judgm5t ( news values & p>tly by ! space limit ! editor has set4 ,told to write half a column1 he is expect$ to fill t space & no m4 ,! correspond5t :o wires1 9 reply to an ord] = #cjj words1 t he c't tell 8 /ory 9 less ?an #a1jjj1 is c]ta9 to call d[n ! wra? ( ! telegraph editor4 ,! city report] :o _c or w n compress 8 /ory into ! space allott$ him is n likely to rema9 long on ! payroll4 ,no matt] :at y\r p]sonal op9ion ( ! news value ( y\r /ory1 rememb] t ! editor is ! judge4 ,ano!r phase ( 8writ+ to space0 pres5ts itself1 & ?is has m to d ) ! ga!r+ ?an ) ! writ+ ( news4 ,! writ] ne$s ! ability to compress 8 /ory2 he ne$s1 too1 to le>n ! art ( expansion4 ,! ord] to write half a column may f9d him unprep>$ if he has fail$1 z a news ga!r]1 to collect suffici5t details to fill t space4 ,! problem n[ is n "o ( cutt+ d[n ! facts1 b ( tell+ all ! facts he c mu/]4 ,ord]$ to write a c]ta9 numb] ( words1 ! report] is assum$ to h ! necess>y in=mation ab\t 8 /ory4 ,he is expect$ to tell ! /ory )\t padd+ & )\t fak+4 ,x may be said "h incid5tally1 s9ce ! subject is "o ( p]5nial discussion outside ( newspap] (fices1 t fak+ is n tol]at$ by any reputable newspap]4 ,a report] :o manufactures news may succe$ 9 deceiv+ 8 (fice a few times1 b ev5tually he w be f\nd out & dismiss$4 ,h>mless exagg]ation 9 giv+ a /ory local color is (t5 p]mitt$1 b no self-respect+ city editor w publi% a /ory t a report] tells him is untrue4 ,!re rema9s b "o solution to ! problem ( expansion & t is to get m facts4 ,! report] %\ld be> ?is 9 m9d 9 cov]+ 8 /ory4 ,to be on ! safe side1 he %\ld get all ! details possible 9 ! "t available4 ,!n1 :5 he returns to 8 (fice1 he w be prep>$ if ! city editor calls = a long] /ory ?an he _h expect$ to write4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! report] is ord]$ to write only a few l9es1 ! labor sp5t 9 cov]+ a /ory ?or\ghly is n wa/$4 ,hav+ a complete k ( 8 subject1 he is bett] able to det]m9e :at are ! ma9 facts & to pres5t !m 9 "r proportion4 ,incomplete inve/igation leaves a report] ) ! fe> t he may h ov]look$ some?+ ess5tial :i* a rival news ga!r] has f\nd4 ,! good report]--& he is ! "o :o is mo/ likely to be a good news writ]--sp>es no ef=t 9 runn+ d[n e smalle/ clew t may help him to und]/& 8 /ory4 ,p]si/5t inve/igation1 ev5 :5 ! /ory on ! surface appe>s commonplace1 may uncov] an important feature & enable ! report] to score a notable beat = 8 pap]4 ,:at ! newspap] dem&s is t ! writ] %all tell 8 /ory s t e s5t5ce adds some?+ new to x4 ,! ord] to exp& a /ory1 view$ 9 ?is light1 does n contradict :at has be5 said ( ! ne$ ( brevity4 ,9 add+ to y\r /ory to br+ x to ! prescrib$ l5g?1 avoid s5seless repetition ( details4 ,don't repeat an idea 9 diff]5t words simply to fill space4 ,try to make e s5t5ce c\nt4 ,be> 9 m9d :at y h told 9 ! lead & /rive to set =? ! details 9 relation to ! ma9 facts4 ,if y\r lead is built on ! rescue ( a woman by firem51 tell ! details s !y w contribute to ! effect ( ! op5+ /atem5t2 don't swit* y\r att5tion to ! man :o turn$ 9 ! al>m & =get ! rescue4 ,! turn+ 9 ( ! al>m is probably a trivial detail &1 if m5tion$ at all1 %\ld n be all[$ to clog ! movem5t ( ! /ory4 8,don't worry ab\t :o call$ ! ambulance or :o turn$ 9 ! al>m0 is "o ( ! rules 9 ! ,new ,york ,h]ald's pamphlet ( in/ructions to report]s4 ,,! ,,me*anics ,,( ,,! ,,/ory ,! ideal news /ory1 f ! /&po9t ( me*anics1 c be cut (f at almo/ any p>agraph & yet rema9 self-explanatory4 ,?is is ! direct result ( tell+ ! facts 9 ! ord] ( _! importance & mak+ ! /ory expla9 itself z x proce$s4 ,! /ory t fails mat]ially 9 ?is respect receives scant c\rtesy f ! city editor4 ,if pass$ on to ! compos+ room )\t revision1 x might cause tr\ble 9 ! make-up ( ! pap] %\ld ! necessity arise ( cutt+ x d[n to make room = lat] & m important news4 ,prop]ly writt51 ! /ory c be %ort5$ by tak+ (f p>agraphs f ! bottom up4 ,?us ! me?od ( writ+ ! body ( ! /ory is suit$ to ! me*anical limitations ( ! pap]4 ,to und]/& ?is fully "s k ( ! mann] ( mak+ up ! pap] is necess>y4 ,"o unacqua9t$ ) newspap] "w may wond] idly n[ & !n h[ ! editors manage ea* day to get j en\gh news matt] to make ! pap] 8come out ev540 ,! report] le>ns quickly t a va/ deal t is writt5 = ! pap] nev] gets into pr9t4 ,mu* is cut out ( ! copy2 :at survives & is set into type is (t5 /ill fur!r subject$ to prun+4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! make-up editor1 :o wat*es ! type set into ! =ms 9 ! compos+ room1 to see t ! big /ories are display$ accord+ to s*$ule 9 ! mo/ prom95t positions 9 ! pap]1 ) ! m9or news tap]+ (f4 ,on ,page #a he puts ! cream ( ! day's news--! /ories t seem mo/ likely to attract ! read]--on ! same pr9ciple t ! m]*ant puts 8 mo/ attractive w>es 9 8 %[ w9d[4 ,suppose n[ t late news is receiv$ t makes x necess>y to cut d[n some?+ 9 type4 ,x is only a few m9utes be=e press "t2 !re is n "t to %ort5 a /ory by rewrit+ x4 ,if ! /ory he decides to cut has be5 con/ruct$ /rictly accord+ to rule1 ! editor has only to take (f en\gh f ! end to make ! space he requires4 ,9 actual practice1 h[ev]1 he may be compell$ to use consid]able +5uity 9 mak+ 8 cuts1 tak+ out a p>agraph "h1 a l9e !re1 & possibly writ+ a new l9e to hold ! rema9+ p>ts ( ! /ory toge!r 9 logical sequ5ce4 ,resett+ ( type1 a s\rce ( delay & exp5se1 is avoid$ :5ev] possible4 ,= ?is reason c>e %\ld be tak5 9 m>k+ pro(s1 especially late pro(s1 n to make unnecess>y *anges t w\ld require ! resett+ ( sev]al l9es4 ,if a ^w is to be tak5 out1 try to sub/itute matt] to fill ! space s t only "o new l9e w ne$ to be set4 ,x is n necess>y t ! report] "k ! me*anical side ( newspap] mak+ 9 ord] to write a good /ory1 b a g5]al k ( ?is phase ( ! "w is desirable4 ,x has be5 truly said t e scrap ( in=mation ! report] possesses may at "s "t be turn$ to acc\nt4 ,?is is true also ( in=mation reg>d+ ! work+s ( ! newspap]1 9 8 own & o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,kn[+ h[ /ories are prun$ d[n 9 ! compos+ room1 he w be less incl9$ to bury ! ma9 facts ( 8 /ory 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,:ile ! same g5]al pr9ciples ( news writ+ apply to all newspap]s1 ! ne$ ( mak+ ! /ory expla9 itself z x proce$s is m pron\nc$ on ! ev5+ ?an on ! morn+ newspap]4 ,! morn+ pap] seldom pr9ts m ?an ?ree editions & h5ce !re is less occasion = 8mak+ ov]0 ?an on ! ev5+ pap] ) its half doz5 or m editions4 ,! /ory t occupies a column 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ev5+ pap] may be r$uc$ to a p>agraph be=e ! end ( ! day4 ,!n1 too1 ! great] spe$ ) :i* ! ev5+ pap] is turn$ out makes x imp]ative t a /ory be s writt5 t x c be *ang$ ) ! lea/ possible delay4 ,d n get ! idea f ! =ego+ t y\r /ory %\ld be a dry-z-du/ recital ( b>e facts4 ,try to weave y\r facts toge!r into a coh]5t /ory t w hold ! read]'s att5tion at e po9t4 ,! be/ news /ory moves ) a sw+ t c>ries ! read] swiftly & easily along f ! lead to ! conclusion1 & leaves him at ! end ) a def9ite & cle> idea ( :at he has read4 ,f ! /&po9t ( ! read] !re is add$ reason = mak+ ! /ory self-explanatory z x goes4 ,if he does n c>e to read to ! end1 ! /ory nev]!less %\ld /& complete 9 8 m9d1 z f> z ! ess5tial facts are conc]n$1 at :atev] po9t he leaves (f4 ,! noveli/'s h9t t some?+ />tl+ w be disclos$ lat] has no place 9 ! news /ory4 ,c]ta9 ( ! g5]al rules t gov]n all good writ+ are applicable 9 ev5 great] degree to news writ+4 ,be c>eful n to omit ess5tial words4 ,! omission ( ! ^w 8n10 = example1 may rev]se ! mean+ ( an entire s5t5ce4 ,! same is true ( an omitt$ or a misplac$ comma4 ,obs]ve ! /&>d rules ( punctuation1 ) any special rules t may be 9 =ce on y\r pap]4 ,use pron\ns gu>d$ly2 x is bett] to repeat a "n ?an run ! risk ( ambiguity4 ,= ! same reason ! words 8=m]0 & 8latt]0 are fr[n$ ^u by _m newspap]s4 ,al?\gh ne$less repetition ( ideas %\ld be avoid$1 don't be afraid to repeat a ^w if t is ! simple/1 mo/ direct way ( convey+ y\r ?\ght4 ,a dog is a dog2 x is absurd to call x a 8can9e0 7& 8can9e10 by ! way1 %\ld be us$ only z an adjective71 simply to avoid repeat+ ! ^w4 ,put life & vigor into y\r /ory4 ,an apt metaphor may express an idea vividly & at ! same "t save _m words4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! advisability ( %ort1 tell+ s5t5ces 9 ! lead applies also to ! body ( ! /ory4 ,x is a good g5]al rule to avoid s5t5ces t w\ld fill m ?an sev5 l9es ( type4 ,9 try+ to give y\r /ory fre%ness & orig9ality d n g to ! extreme ( flippancy1 especially 9 writ+ ( a s]i\s subject4 ,flippancy is n clev]ness1 ?\gh x (t5 passes = su* 9 ! writ]'s own e/imation4 ,y w n err 9 ?is direction if y make y\r /ory fair4 ,dialect %\ld be us$ sp>+ly1 if at all1 & x %\ld nev] be us$ :5 !re is a *ance t x w (f5d a l>ge gr\p ( read]s4 ,rememb] ! injunction to keep y\rself out ( ! /ory4 ,! exp]i5ces ( a report] 9 gett+ a /ory are seldom ( any int]e/ outside ( ! circle ( 8 fell[ work]s4 ,let ! /ory speak = itself4 ,n[ & !n an occasion may arise t w\ld ju/ify ! report] 9 rec\nt+ 8 adv5tures1 b 9 any su* ev5t he %\ld fir/ consult ! city editor4 ,unless y are press$ = "t1 read ov] y\r /ory be=e y h& x to ! city editor & make sure t y h let no errors creep 94 ,read x1 too1 aft] x appe>s 9 pr9t & note :at *anges1 if any1 h be5 made4 ,ev]yone makes mi/akes--b ! news writ] c't af=d to make ! same mi/ake twice4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( a disa/r\s fire illu/rates ! /&>d newspap] me?od ( h&l+ a big /ory4 ,obs]ve t ! climax--! dea? ( tw5ty-five girls 9 a fire-trap--comes fir/4 ,t is ! vital fact1 beside :i* all o!r features are ( m9or importance4 ,! p>agraphs are numb]$ = ref]5ce3 #a4 ,,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 ,nov4 #bf4--,tw5ty-five girls 7 burn$ alive or cru%$ to dea? on ! pavem5t 9 t5 m9utes ?is morn+ 9 leap+ f ! w9d[s & fire escapes ( ! f\r-/ory brick factory occupi$ by pap]-box companies at #baf ,high /reet1 corn] ( ,orange4 ,! fire caught f a blaze :i* />t$ 9 "s gasol9e us$ 9 clean+ an electric lamp4 #b4 ,ne>ly all ! victims 7 "y wom5 employs4 ,! late/ c\nt to-night %[$ t sixte5 bodies recov]$ h be5 id5tifi$ & t six girls are /ill miss+4 ,!y may be among ! unid5tifi$ dead or !y may be 9 ! ru9s4 ,! collapse ( a wall late to-night int]rupt$ fur!r se>*4 ,=ty-n9e 7 tak5 to hospitals1 & two ( !m may die4 7,li/ ( ! dead & fatally injur$ foll[s1 ?is acc\nt hav+ be5 publi%$ 9 a newspap] 9 a ne>by city47 #c4 ,among ! injur$ is ,joseph ,e4 ,sloane1 deputy fire *ief1 :o 0 ov]tak5 by ! fall+ wall & buri$ 9 bricks & rubbi%4 ,he is badly hurt1 b may recov]4 #d4 ,! ambulance f ! ,city ,hospital & ! patrol wagons f all ! prec9cts 7 dispat*$ to ! sc5e4 ,an imm5se cr[d kept ! police busy4 #e4 ,"o ( ! spectators said t at lea/ fifte5 girls _h jump$ f ! f\r? floor ( ! burn+ /ructure4 ,) ! exception ( two girls employ$ by ! tna company1 all ! employs on ! fir/ & second floors ( ! build+ escap$1 ei!r by means ( ! exits or ! "o fire escape4 ,! two girls suff]$ burns ab\t ! head & face4 #f4 ,tw5ty ( ! injur$ 7 tak5 to ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,hospital 9 ! ambulance4 ,! salvage automobile took f\r m4 ,( ^! two di$ aft] rea*+ ! hospital4 #g4 ,life nets 7 put into use imm$iately aft] ! arrival ( ! firem54 ,p]haps ?irty lives 7 sav$ 9 ?is way4 ,"o girl1 ,hattie ,delapey1 0 badly hurt by /rik+ ! edge ( ! net & fall+ to ! pavem5t4 ,ano!r girl suff]$ a brok5 ankle4 ,eug5e ,mc,hugh1 a =eman 9 ! employ ( ! tna company1 guid$ sev]al scores ( girls 9 8 employ to safety d[n a fire escape4 ,ne>ly all escap$ injury4 #h4 ,less ?an tw5ty m9utes aft] ! arrival ( ! firem5 ! int]ior ( ! build+ 0 flame-swept4 ,! floors ( ! upp] "p ( ! build+ fell %ortly aft]w>d4 ,x is believ$ t a se>* ( ! build+ w reveal o!r bodies4 #i4 ,among ^? :o 7 e>ly at ! sc5e 0 ! ,rev]5d ,e4 ,f4 ,quirk1 assi/ant rector ( ,/4 ,joseph's ,*ur*4 ,he gave la/ rites ( ! *ur* to sev5 ( ! victims4 ,mr4 ,quirk said he c\nt$ tw5ty-?ree pro/rate =ms on ! sidewalk4 ,all 7 "y wom5 :o _h leap$ f ! upp] w9d[s ( ! factory4 #aj4 ,! ru% ( ! flames 0 s swift & ?rew su* unreason+ t]ror into ! huddl$ work+ girls on ! top /ory1 t ! body ( "o 0 f\nd /ill seat$ on a *>r$ /ool beside ! ma*9e at :i* %e _h be5 busy :5 ! fir/ cry ( 8,fire60 petrifi$ h] ) fright4 #aa4 ,horrible z mu/ h be5 :at w5t on 9 ! smoke ( t cr[d$ upp] room1 :at befell outside 9 ! bright sunlight 0 yet m horrible4 ,! build+ 0 furi\sly inflammable & ! fir/ gu% ( flames _h cut (f all possibility ( escape by ! /airways4 ,! elevator made "o trip1 b took d[n no pass5g]s & nev] came back4 #ab4 ,! only exit 0 by two n>r[ fire escapes1 ! l[] plat=ms ( :i* 7 tw5ty-five feet f ! /reet4 ,on to ^! ov]cr[d$ & /eep lanes1 scor*$ danc+ hot by ! jets f l[] w9d[s1 press$ =w>d a mob ( wom51 bl9d ) panic1 driv5 by ! fire & ! o!rs beh9d !m4 #ac4 ,a net _h be5 spread b5ea? ! w9d[s1 & ! girls began to jump4 8,l rats out ( a burn+ b910 0 ! way a fireman describ$ t pell-mell desc5t4 ,"s ( !m 7 da%$ (f ! fire escape to ! pavem5t sixty feet bel[4 ,o!rs /ood 9 ! w9d[s outl9$ aga9/ ! flames & jump$ cle>2 o!rs f ! l&+s2 /ill o!rs f ! /eps :]e !y /ood4 ,! air 0 full ( !m & !y fell ev]y:]e--into ! net1 on ! firem51 & fifte5 ( !m on ! /one slabs4 #ad4 ,:5 ! awful ra9 ( human bodies ceas$ !re 7 eight dead 9 ! /reet4 ,sev5 m 7 s badly cru%$ t !y di$ 9 hospitals4 ,fifty are /ill "u surgeons' c>e4 #ae4 ,cl\ds ( smoke & %[]s ( burn+ emb]s spread ov] ! city4 7,fur!r details foll[4 ,! =ego+1 ) ! headl9es1 fills "o column47 7,a laboratory guide to ! analysis ( ! /ory3 ,p>agraph #a4--,note t ! ess5tial po9ts are summ>iz$ 9 ! op5+ s5t5ce4 ,!re is no attempt to describe ! 8lurid flames10 no philosophiz+1 b a pla91 t]se acc\nt ( :at happ5$--! result ( ! fire4 ,a brief /atem5t ( ! cause foll[s4 ,(t5 a /ory ( ?is k9d beg9s com+ into ! (fice j be=e an edition goes to press4 ,if ! /ory is con/ruct$ on ! "r plan1 ! lead c be s5t to ! compos+ room z a complete /ory = t edition1 :ile ! re/ is put into type to be add$ 9 succe$+ editions4 ,p>agraph #b4--;,fur!r details conc]n+ ! loss ( life4 ,obs]ve h[ ! elem5ts ( greate/ int]e/1 ^? relat+ to p]sons1 n ?+s1 are kept upp]mo/4 ,tempor>ily ! fire itself is ignor$2 :at ! read] wants to "k ab\t is ! effect ( ! fire on its victims4 ,s1 too1 ! de/ruction ( ! factory1 "u ord9>y conditions wor?y ( be+ 8play$ up0 9 ! lead because ( ! heavy prop]ty loss1 is pass$ ov] z ( m9or consequ5ce4 ,detail$ in=mation ab\t ! victims is prop]ly giv5 e>ly 9 ! /ory1 to answ] ! que/ions t fir/ come into ! m9ds ( _! families & fri5ds4 ,p>agraph #c4--;,"h ! "n ( ! deputy fire *ief1 :o 0 hurt :ile on duty1 is s+l$ out = special m5tion4 ,p>agraph #d4--;,detail$ /ory ( ! fire beg9s4 ,! facts "h told indicate ! magnitude ( ! disa/]4 ,p>agraphs #e & #f4--;,fur!r human-int]e/ details4 ,p>agraphs #g & #h4--,note ! %ort s5t5ces4 ,! /ory moves swiftly f fact to fact4 ,! writ] is tell+ :at happ5$1 )\t comm5t+ on x4 ,p>agraph #i4--;,human-int]e/ feature deem$ wor?y ( a prom95t place 9 ! /ory4 ,p>agraph #aj4--;,effective description ( ! quick spread ( ! fire by means ( incid5t4 ,at ?is po9t ! 8f9e writ]0 might h lugg$ 9 8 artill]y ( adjectives4 ,note ! opposite me?od--! "r news me?od--( tell+ specific details4 ,p>agraph #aa4--;,cont9uation ( ! same me?od4 8,! elevator made "o trip1 b took d[n no pass5g]s & nev] came back10 is f9ely descriptive4 ,p>agraphs #ab & #ac4--,swift1 vivid description by specific details4 ,! precision ) :i* ! /ory is told1 indicat+ accurate obs]vation1 is notewor?y1 z 9 8tw5ty-five feet f ! /reet10 8sixty feet bel[10 8fifte5 ( !m on ! /one slabs40 ,! exact figures are obvi\sly f> m effective ?an a vague expression su* z 8a numb] (40 ,p>agraph #ad4--;,detail$ summ>y4 ,note t e s5t5ce adds some?+ to ! /ory4 ,!re is no padd+4 ,p>agraph #ae4--,! /ory cont9ues a column f ?is po9t1 fact pil$ on fact 9 ! ord] ( importance4 ,a /ory writt5 9 ?is mann] has be5 lik5$ to a pyramid4 ,x may be cut f ! bottom up at almo/ any po9t & yet /& complete47 ,,ii4 ,ano!r k9d ( fire /ory1 f ! ,new ,york ,_w1 9 :i* ! news value is n s obvi\s z 9 ! =ego+4 ,"h ! writ] has seiz$ ^u ! human-int]e/ feature & develop$ 8 /ory accord+ly4 ,! fire 9 itself 0 ( no importance3 ,fire visit$ la/ night ! lodg+ h\se conduct$ by ,mrs4 ,hannah ,tracy1 #ajb ye>s old1 & ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,wr9n1 n9ety-five ye>s old1 at ,no4 #hjc ,wa%+ton /reet1 & n[ ! two ag$ l&ladies1 :o nev] dem&$ bo>d money 9 advance1 are 9 ,bellevue & _! bo>d]s are m9us _! c>e4 ,*ildr5 play+ 9 front ( ! old-fa%ion$ brick h\se ne> ! ,gansevoort ,m>ket saw smoke com+ f ! basem5t1 :]e ! two wom5 _h _! liv+ qu>t]s4 ,little ,ar?ur ,weldon ( ,no4 #hbf ,wa%+ton /reet ran to a fire box & gleefully s5t 9 a call4 ,m>g>et ,havlick & ,elizabe? ,irv+1 also ( ,no4 #hbf1 skipp$ across to ! /ore ( ,joseph ,:ite ) ! news4 ,:ite ran to ,no4 #hjc1 broke 9 ! basem5t door & f\nd t a cat t look$ to be at lea/ "o hundr$ ye>s old _h upset an oil lamp on a table & t ! table cov] 0 burn+4 ,he ?rew ! cov] to ! floor & /amp$ out ! flames4 ,!n he sprang into a re> room & f\nd ,mrs4 ,tracy 9 b$1 feebly call+ = help1 :ile ,mrs4 ,wr9n lay on ! floor4 ,he c>ri$ !m out1 "o at a "t4 ,?\gh !y _h n inhal$ mu* smoke _! advanc$ ages l$ an ambulance surgeon f ,/4 ,v9c5t's ,hospital to take !m to ,bellevue4 ,neighbors said ! wom5 7 si/]s4 ,mrs4 ,tracy's husb& kept a dry goods /ore 9 ,*ri/oph] /reet fifty ye>s ago & :5 he di$ left h] a little money4 ,mrs4 ,tracy is kn[n 9 ! neighborhood z 8,"m0 ,tracy4 ,*ildr5 h made x a po9t to foll[ h] 9 ! /reet1 = %e (t5 di/ribut$ c5ts f h] little old-fa%ion$ reticule4 7,an exception t proves a rule already /at$ is f\nd 9 ! second p>agraph1 :i* tells h[ a *ild turn$ 9 ! fire al>m4 ,an effective t\* ( local color is add$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,! /ory is a good example ( re/ra9t 9 writ+4 ,no undue ef=t is made to impress ! read] ) ! und]ly+ pa?os1 b ! facts1 simply & concisely told1 are all[$ to speak = !mselves4 ,! headl9es on ! publi%$ /ory 73 8,si/]s1 #ajb & #ie1 ,put 9 ,p]il by ,cat--,*ildr5 9 ,/reet ,give ,al>m ,aft] ,animal ,knocks ,ov] ,lamp & ,/>ts ,fire407 ,,iii4 ,write a /ory ( #cjj to #cej words f ! foll[+ notes4 ,d n manufacture any details1 b put ^? "h giv5 into ! =m ( a readable news /ory3 ,fire 9 brick t5em5t1 #aic ,adams /reet1 #aj o'clock la/ night4 ,damage #b1jjj1 e/imat$ by ,assi/ant ,fire ,*ief ,dunn4 ,cause 0 ! explosion ( lamp on second floor4 ,all ! t5ants got out safely except ,*>les ,lawr5ce1 #ce1 a pa9t]1 :o liv$ ) 8 wife & ?ree *ildr5 on ! top1 fif?1 floor4 ,he 0 asleep 9 b$ :5 8 wife call$ out t ! h\se 0 on fire & told him to get out quick4 ,he got out ( b$ & told h] to g along ) ! kids2 said he w\ld come z soon z he got 8 clo!s on4 ,%e w5t ) ! *ildr5 & on ! /airway met ,patrolm5 ,qu9n & ,br[n4 ,told !m h] husb& _h delay$ to dress4 ,! build+ 0 fill+ ) smoke & !y turn$ _! att5tion to rescu+ ^? on ! l[] floors4 ,:5 ! firem5 he>d t ,lawr5ce 0 /ill 9 ! h\se1 !y w5t to 8 room & f\nd him ly+ face d[nw>d on ! floor1 unconsci\s4 ,he _h inhal$ smoke4 ,he di$ 9 an ambulance on ! way to ! ,city ,hospital4 ,! fire 0 ext+ui%$ 9 =ty-five m9utes4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,feature ,,/ory ,ri*>d ,:ite+1 ! ,engli% noveli/1 is a /rong believ] t ! art ( lit]ature has no great] aid ?an daily j\rnalism4 ,speak+ once he said3 8,"s fooli% p h said t daily j\rnalism is kill+ lit]ature 9 its highe/ =ms4 ,i say1 to ! contr>y1 t ! daily pap] provides a sort ( fir/ c\rse 9 lit]ature1 & ,i am an imm5se admir] ( ! cle>1 incisive /yle adopt$ by ! halfp5ny press4 8,x /imulates curiosity1 & :5 once y h done t 9 any human be+ y h />t$ him on ! "r road4 ,! "o deadly ?+ is apa?y4 ,! c[ 9 ! field has no note ( int]rogation4 ,! savage might see an aroplane & n wond]4 8,y c lead a man f ! curb/one to ! />s :5 y h once made him curi\s4 ,a newspap] =ces a man to be curi\s4 8,! de> old tru?--t's all we want4 ,! tru? is s beautiful1 s amaz+ly int]e/+1 s mu* m wond]ful ?an fiction4 ,!re=e ,i say t1 q ap>t f morality1 x is policy = a pap] to tell ! tru?40--,! ,f\r? ,e/ate4 ,! feature /ory1 z ! "n indicates1 has m to d ) ! developm5t ( "s int]e/+ feature sugge/$ by ! day's news ?an ) ! /rict pres5tation ( news = its own sake4 ,x is !re=e n subject to ! same rules t gov]n ! writ+ ( ! news /ory4 ,inde$ x c h>dly be said t ! feature /ory is subject to any rules1 except ^? t apply to composition 9 g5]al4 ,individuality 9 /yle c\nts = m 9 ! feature /ory ?an 9 ! news /ory t has no o!r purpose ?an to in=m4 ,great] fre$om is all[$ ! writ]2 he is n requir$1 = "o ?+1 to summ>ize 8 /ory 9 ! lead4 ,on ! contr>y1 he may employ ! fictional me?od ( work+ up to a climax4 ,! ma9 end ( all feature writ+ is to make ! /ory int]e/+4 ,if ! writ] succe$s 9 ?is1 x does n mu* matt] on :at plan 8 /ory is con/ruct$4 ,,:at ,,! ,,feature ,,/ory ,,is ,,n ,:at ! feature /ory is c be indicat$ by %[+ :at x is n4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is n a skeletoniz$ recital ( b>e facts4 ,?is 0 amus+ly br\ght out by ! ,new ,york ,sun 9 reply to ! /atem5t ( a college pr(essor t ! j\rnalism ( ! future w\ld be 8:olly )\t decorative effects40 ,! ,sun gave half a doz5 examples ( :at might be expect$ f a j\rnalism ( t type4 ,"h is ! ,sun's 8,report ( a ,suicide03 ,! body ( a "y woman 0 remov$ f ! riv] at ! foot ( #cji? /reet by ! h>bor police ye/]day aft]noon4 ,p9n$ to h] dress 0 a note /at+ t %e purpos$ committ+ suicide1 sign$ ,edi? ,g4 ,wannaquit4 ,! "y woman 0 ab\t tw5ty-six ye>s ( age4 ,%e 0 n at all beautiful4 ,%e 01 9 fact1 noticeably pla9 ( feature4 ,h] f+]s 7 n cov]$ ) magnific5t diamonds4 ,%e wore no r+s at all4 ,h] clo?+ 0 ( ! mo/ inexp5sive mat]ial4 ,!re is no my/]y :atev] connect$ ) ! case1 nor h ! police au?orities ! slighte/ idea t %e 0 ! victim ( f\l play4 ,x is deem$ positive f h] appe>ance t %e did n belong to "s di/+ui%$ family ( ?is community4 ,! "y woman simply _h become tir$ ( liv+ & %e jump$ into ! riv]--t is all4 ,! case is :olly lack+ 9 any elem5t or feature ( a s5sational "*4 ,! names ( ! ,wannaquit family appe> 9 ! city directory b no inquiries 7 made ( any memb]s ( ! family1 ! case n be+ deem$ ( suffici5t importance4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$ t ! feature /ory1 or any o!r k9d ( news /ory1 %\ld di/ort ! facts4 ,! writ] 9 ! ,sun has m]ely attempt$ to r$uce to ! absurd ! !ory t j\rnalism %\ld put aside attractiv5ess 9 writ+ = a b>e summ>y ( facts4 ,! mod]n newspap]1 :ile its ma9 purpose is /ill to in=m1 is com+ m & m to be a s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t also4 ,x aims to in/ruct1 b 9 su* a mann] t ! read] w n be bor$4 ,,/ories ,,= ,,ent]ta9m5t ,aft] a day's "w normal m5 & wom5 want to be amus$4 ,!y are will+ to receive in/ruction1 too1 b pref] x 9 ! guise ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,!re=e ! newspap] incorporates features t may be lik5$ to a vaudeville %[4 ,! comic supplem5t is ! mo/ pron\nc$ feature ( ?is k9d4 ,betwe5 ! two extremes ( ! comic supplem5t & ! editorial columns are feature /ories on an inf9ite v>iety ( subjects1 design$ to be in/ructive1 ent]ta9+ or simply amus+4 ,?is encroa*m5t ( ! newspap]s on ! magaz9es has op5$ up a va/ new field to ! special writ]4 ,sign$ articles1 rang+ f beauty talks to s]mons on civic ideals1 may be f\nd on ! editorial pages ( _m ent]pris+ j\rnals ( wide circulation4 ,p]haps a sep>ate page1 be>+ "s su* title z 8,magaz9e ,section0 or 8,! ,home ,read]s' ,page10 may be giv5 to ?is class ( articles4 ,! bulky ,sunday issue is made up 9 l>ge "p ( simil> features4 ,al?\gh ?is bran* ( mod]n newspap] mak+ is di/9ct f ! /rict pres5tation ( news & h5ce does n fall )9 ! scope ( ?is book1 x is m5tion$ "h z indicative ( ! newspap]'s aim to furni% attractive read+ = all classes4 ,! feature /ory1 z ! news writ] uses ! t]m1 is usually unsign$ & is writt5 = ! news columns4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 :at has be5 call$ ! pla9 news /ory--t is1 a /ory told only because ( its news value z a rec5t happ5+4 ,! feature /ory mu/ be timely2 x %\ld h also an elem5t ( attractiv5ess1 ?r\gh its humor or its pa?os1 t may be lack+ 9 ! /ory writt5 only to in=m4 ,,! ,,human-,,int]e/ ,,/ory ,_m feature /ories may be classifi$ "u :at ! newspap] man calls human-int]e/ /ories4 ,! human-int]e/ /ory is j :at ! "n implies4 ,x is writt5 n = its imm$iate value z news1 b = its p[] to affect ! read] ?r\gh 8 emotions--to make him smile or to ar\se 8 sympa?y4 ,its appeal is direct$ to ! int]e/ t p feel 9 ! intimate do+s ( o!r p4 ,real human int]e/ _c be fak$4 ,! writ] mu/ h se5 & und]/ood 8 /ory be=e he c tell x 9 a way to impress ! read] ) its tru?4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! mann] ( ! tell+4 ,a pa!tic /ory loses its p[] if x desc5ds to pa?os2 a humor\s /ory mu/ be some?+ m ?an m]e flippancy4 ,!re is special ne$ t ! writ] *oose 8 words c>efully4 ,p]haps ! be/ prescription = all k9ds ( human-int]e/ /ories1 especially ^? design$ to ar\se ! read]'s sympa?y1 is to write simply & naturally4 ,false emotion is easily detect$4 ,"h aga9 ! writ] %\ld rememb] t ! %ort1 ,anglo-,saxon words are ! mo/ effective4 ,n9ety-sev5 p] c5t4 ( ! words 9 ! ,bible are f ! ,anglo-,saxon4 ,num]\s in/ances might be cit$ ( human-int]e/ /ories t h mov$ newspap] read]s to contribute g5]\sly t[>d ! alleviation ( suff]+4 ,su* /ories are n editorials4 ,! writ] does n say3 ,?is is a pa!tic /ory4 ,he simply tells ! facts1 & if ! /ory is truly pa!tic no?+ 9 ! way ( 8f9e writ+0 is ne$$ or desirable4 ,,! ,,editor',s ,,problem ,! city editor is (t5 call$ ^u to det]m9e :e!r a happ5+ %all be treat$ only z news or %all be exp&$ into a feature1 or human-int]e/1 /ory4 ,! /ory ( an ag$ mis]'s dea?1 = example1 may be wor? only a p>agraph if writt5 = its imm$iate news value alone4 ,b und]ly+ ! surface facts !re may be a /ory ( int5se human int]e/--! man's life /ory4 ,! field ( inve/igation t op5s be=e ! news ga!r] is fraught ) possibilities4 ,x is = him to clo! ! skeleton ( ! /ory ) ! fle% & blood ( reality4 ,:at ( ! man's e>ly life8 ,:y 8 passion = ho>d+ money8 ,:at deprivations did he und]go to gratify t passion8 ,^! & o!r que/ions come troop+ to ! m9d ( ! report] 9 8 que/ ( ! /ory4 ,! m]e fact ( ! mis]'s dea? becomes incid5tal--x is ! 8peg10 z ! city editor says1 on :i* ! /ory hangs4 ,:at ! report] f9ds becomes ! basis ( a human-int]e/ /ory4 ,a p>agraph /at+ simply t an old man kn[n to 8 neighbors z a mis] _h di$ w\ld mean little to ! va/ majority ( read]s1 b ! /ory ( ! man's life1 prop]ly told1 has ! p]5nial int]e/ ( human trag$y4 ,will+ness to dig = facts goes a long way t[>d success 9 report+4 ,,sunday ,,magaz9e ,,/ories ,! magaz9e section ( ! big ,sunday newspap] is made up almo/ altoge!r ( feature /ories4 ,usually ! two out] pages ( ! section are 9 colors1 & = ^! pages /ories are dem&$ t l5d !mselves readily to vivid color treatm5t4 ,a /ory unimportant 9 itself may be spread ov] an entire page if x is adaptable to a big1 colorful illu/ration4 ,su* w\ld be a /ory ( a new & odd /yle ( quadrille or r\nd danc+ or a speculative /ory ab\t ! possibilities ( air%ips4 ,! /ory itself is subord9at$ to ! pictures4 ,sob]] color pages may be made ( ! pictures ( public build+s1 ( a city's skyl9e & ! l1 ) a %ort explanatory /ory4 ,! inside features ( ! ,sunday magaz9e are seldom writt5 9 ! /yle ( ! news /ory4 ,! news elem5t m]ely furni%es ! sugge/ion1 & ) t z a basis ! writ] h&les ! /ory 9 its univ]sal application4 ,= in/ance1 a news item tell+ ( ! dea? ( a motor c> driv] 9 a race may sugge/ a page /ory ab\t all ! driv]s :o h met dea? 9 a simil> mann]4 ,pa/ ev5ts z a rule are dealt ) only z !y affect pres5t or future conditions4 ,?us a news /ory ab\t a ri* man's dea? may lat] be exp&$ into a page article ab\t ! effect ( 8 =tune on ! liv+4 ,! /ory ( a que] w may be ! 8peg0 = a page ( speculation ab\t wills 9 g5]al1 ) all sorts ( o!r que] wills m5tion$4 ,! magaz9e section is made ready two or ?ree weeks 9 advance ( ! date ( publication4 ,?is fact mu/ be kept 9 m9d by ! writ] to avoid inconsi/5cy4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,a feature /ory dep5d5t = its value on an orig9al me?od ( treatm5t4 ,f ! ,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat*3 ,!re 0 mat]ial = a good mov+ picture film 9 ! adv5ture ( ,alec ,jones1 a ,cape ,gir>deau visitor1 at ,union ,/ation ,w$nesday night4 ,jones left 9 su* a hurry t he fail$ to copyright ! lively sc5>io he creat$1 & anybody :o wants x c h x )\t royalties4 ,?is is ab\t ! way x w be describ$ :5 x gets into ! film j\rnals3 ,,jones ,,& ,,8 ,,grip4--,jones1 f ,s\!a/ ,miss\ri1 is wait+ 9 ,union ,/ation to take a tra9 :i* leaves 9 an h\r4 ,e "t ! tra9 call] makes an ann\ncem5t1 ,jones ?9ks 8 tra9 is ab\t to leave1 & ru%es = ! door4 ,j be=e ! fir/ call comes1 he is sitt+ beside a middle-ag$ woman on "o ( ! r\nd seats surr\nd+ a pill>4 ,%e ?9ks he is sitt+ too ne> h] & moves ) "s %[ ( indignation to ! o!r side ( ! pill>4 ,%e neglects to move h] big c>pet bag1 & 9 8 excitem5t at ! tra9 call1 ,jones takes ! c>pet bag in/ead ( 8 own sat*el4 ,he ru%es up to ! tra9 call] to ask ab\t 8 tra91 & t (ficial motions him back to 8 seat4 ,he sits d[n beside an old man4 ,9 ! meantime ! middle-ag$ woman misses h] c>pet bag1 &1 f9d+ ! sat*el 9 its place1 op5s x & is horrifi$ to behold a pair ( wool socks1 a flask & o!r mascul9e belong+s4 ,%e ru%es ar\nd ! wait+ room hunt+ h] c>pet bag1 & rea*es ,jones j z he is ar\s$ by ano!r tra9 call4 ,?is "t he leaves h] c>pet bag & picks up ! heavy suit case belong+ to ! old man beside him4 ,aga9 ,jones f9ds out t 8 tra9 is n ready1 & retires to ano!r seat1 :]e a c>p5t] is doz+ ) 8 kit ( tools beside him4 ,j z ! old man1 seek+ 8 suit case & guid$ by ! woman1 rea*es him1 ,jones jumps up aga9 & c>ries (f ! c>p5t]'s kit1 leav+ ! old man's suit case 9 its place4 ,! c>p5t]1 ! old man & ! woman foll[ him & a policeman /raight5s matt]s out4 ,s]geant ,meehan ( ! ,union ,/ation police squad says x all happ5$4 7,note ! in=mality ( ! introduction4 ,! /ory aims to amuse ! read]--no?+ m4 ,x is a rule ( mo/ newspap]s t no /ory %all end ) ind5t$ matt]3 h5ce ! la/ p>agraph4 ,! headl9es are 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( ! /ory3 8,:at ,happ5$ to ,jones8 ,well1 ,"h's ! ,y>n--,be+ ! ,com$y ( ,alec ,f ,cape ,gir>deau & ,8 ,v>i\s ,valises407 ,,ii4 ,a feature /ory 9 subject matt] & treatm5t4 ,f ! ,kansas ,city ,/>3 8,eyes made :ile y wait0 is n ! sign on ! door1 b x might be1 = t is ! way !y d x4 ,artificial eyes are be+ made to ord] 9 ,indep5d5ce1 & x takes only ab\t a half-h\r to s5d a cu/om] out ) a 8made eye0 t sc>cely c be di/+ui%$ f 8 natural "o4 ,! laboratory is 9 a little room on ! ?ird floor ( ! ,metropolitan ,hotel4 ,! "w is be+ done 9 ,indep5d5ce because manufactur$ gas is available = fuel !re4 ,natural gas is n ri* en\gh1 & w n /& ! heavy pressure t is necess>y 9 mak+ artificial eyes4 ,f a connection ) ! city gas pipes1 ,mr4 ,kohl] passes ! gas ?r\gh a little bl[pipe equipp$ ) an app>atus = produc+ extreme heat4 8,?\s&s ( artificial eyes are kept 9 /ock10 said ,mr4 ,m]ry1 8b !re is an advantage 9 mak+ ! eye to ord]4 ,! slighte/ peculi>ity 9 size1 %ape or color 9 ! natural eye c be reproduc$ exactly 9 ! artificial "o40 ,! f\ndation ( ! process ( manufacture is a glass tube ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! tubes v>y slightly 9 color & 9 quality4 ,"u ! bl[pipe a small portion ( a tube is melt$ (f & %ap$ into an eye4 ,! color is put 9 by v delicate processes1 & ev5 any abnormal peculi>ity ( ! natural eye is reproduc$4 ,a "y man 0 8sitt+ = an eye0 ?is morn+ :5 a visitor call$4 ,kohl]1 glanc+ alt]nately f ! natural eye ( ! cu/om] to ! bl[pipe & back aga91 quickly model$ an eye to fill t p>ticul> ne$4 8,9 _m cases !y h m ?an "o eye made :ile !y are at x10 said ,mr4 ,m]ry4 8,unless h&l$ v c>efully1 ! eyes are easily brok51 ei!r by fall+ or f sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature4 ,"s p]sons are s c>eless ) _! glass eyes--!y roll !m ar\nd z ?\gh !y 7 m>bles4 ,we _h "o cu/om] 9 ,kansas ,city :o _h tw5ty-f\r eyes made a ye> ago1 & :o already has brok5 five ( !m4 ,b t is n ! fault ( ! mak] ( ! eyes40 7,en\gh ( ! /ory is giv5 "h to indicate ! me?od4 ,tell "o ?+ t has be5 omitt$4 ,note ! abs5ce ( te*nical t]ms4 ,! writ] tells ! ?+s ab\t ! mak+ ( glass eyes t int]e/$ him & h5ce are mo/ likely to int]e/ ! g5]al read]4 ,a te*nical description ( ! process w\ld fall flat z a newspap] /ory4 ,! lead--8eyes made :ile y wait0--piques ! read]'s curiosity47 ,,iii4 ,a human-int]e/ /ory told simply & 9 good ta/e4 ,f ! ,new ,york ,_w3 ,fl[]s1 ! smiles ( 8 fiance & ! comm5dation ( 8 sup]iors w5t ) ,patrolman ,george ,a4 ,pattison :5 he limp$ out ( ,new ,york ,hospital la/ night on crut*es & ) "o leg gone4 ,j two weeks ago ,pattison lay on ! sidewalk at ,=ty-second /reet & ,fif? av5ue1 "o leg badly cru%$ by a surface c>1 & smil$ up at ,deputy ,commission] ,driscoll :5 t man patt$ 8 %\ld] & said1 8,too bad60 8,x's all "r1 ,commission]10 said ,pattison4 8,we mu/ expect su* ?+s 9 our bus9ess40 ,:5 !y he>d he 0 to leave ! hospital ye/]day 8 comrades 9 ! ,we/ ,?irtie? ,/ation det]m9$ he %\ld see !re 7 o!r ?+s 9 8our bus9ess0 & t 8our bus9ess0 wasn't entirely ! suppression ( emotion4 ,s la/ night ! m5 ( ! ,t5d]lo9 ,/ation made up a purse4 ,"s ( x 0 set aside to pay = a taxicab = ! long trip f ! hospital to ! policeman's home 9 ,new ,brighton1 ,/at5 ,isl&1 & ! re/ w5t to ,broadway flori/s4 ,inspector ,george ,mc,clusky & ,capta9 ,samuel ,mc,elroy rode 9 ! fl[]-fill$ cab to ! hospital4 ,!re !y 7 met by ,miss ,m>y ,lyn*1 :o w be m>ri$ to ! policeman z soon z he is fully recov]$4 ,%e l$ !m to ,pattison & !y told him ev]ybody 9 ! dep>tm5t knew he 0 a man & t ,miss ,lyn* w\ld nev] regret h] m>riage to him4 ,& he ne$n't worry ab\t 8 future1 = 8 pay w\ld be ! same1 ?\gh he w\ld be a cl]k at ,headqu>t]s :5 he 0 able to g to "w aga94 ,!re 7 te>s 9 ,pattison's eyes z he tri$ to ?ank ev]ybody = ! good feel+ display$4 ,!n he 0 help$ d[n ! /airs4 ,:5 he f\nd ! taxicab 0 almo/ fill$ ) fl[]s he didn't tru/ himself to speak1 b wrung ! h&s ( 8 fri5ds4 ,!n1 ) 8 fiance among ! fl[]s1 he />t$ = 8 "m's home1 :ile inspector & capta9 wav$ _! caps4 ,,iv4 ,write a feature /ory ( n m ?an #a1jjj words1 on any topic t y believe p w\ld l to read ab\t4 ,! foll[+ are giv5 z sugge/ive ( ! possibilities ( a small t[n3 ,! olde/ h\se 9 t[n2 h[ ! /reets 7 nam$2 an int]view ) ! railroad /ation ag5t on ! p he meets2 if a college t[n1 a /ory ( ! /ud5ts :o e>n _! own exp5ses2 organiz$ *>ities--get ! human side2 hunt]s' lic5ses--numb]--rev5ue f--wom5 hunt]s1 if any--possibly talks ) "s ( ! hunt]s2 bir? rate = a giv5 p]iod comp>$ ) ! dea? rate2 m>riage lic5ses--m9ors :o h be5 m>ri$--! favorite mon? = w$d+s2 collections ( antiquities2 rec5t improvem5ts1 su* z /reet pav+2 condition ( ! city jail2 ! olde/ man2 ! olde/ woman2 p]sons 9 t[n above ! age ( #ij2 wom5's clubs2 ! public s*ools--h[ ! att5dance comp>es ) t ( previ\s ye>s--talks ) ! sup]9t5d5t & tea*]s on _! "w & plans2 =m] citiz5s :o h become fam\s2 ! mov+ picture %[s--h[ _m att5d daily--talks ) ! %[ manag]s ab\t ! gr[? ( ! mov+ picture bus9ess2 any unusual indu/ry1 su* z ! mak+ ( corn-cob pipes2 numb] ( automobiles 9 t[n--condition ( ! c\ntry roads--f>m]s :o own automobiles2 ! public libr>y--:at books are mo/ read--effect ( ! seasons on ! numb] & "* ( ! books read2 ! po/ (fice--am\nt ( /amp sales--odd addresses on lett]s--h>d%ips ( rural r\te c>ri]s4 ,! li/ might be ext5d$ indef9itely4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,int]view ,!y 7tea*+ & accompany+ read+7 c sugge/ ! prop] relation betwe5 subject & /yle--! man ^: /yle is too big or too small = 8 subject is ! born prey ( ! p>odi/2 !y c call att5tion to ! balance prop] to be obs]v$ betwe5 n>rative & dialogue1 & %[ by ref]5ce to ! ma/]s 7to ,/]ne & ,congreve1 = example71 h[ vividness & dramatic susp5se may be imp>t$ to dialogue )\t loss ( naturalness2 !y may incite ! he>] to le>n f ,/eele t writ+ may be v simple yet v di/+ui%$1 f ,/ev5son t subtlety is "o ?+ & obscurity q ano!r4 ,! pr(essor c1 & %\ld1 prea* ) p>rot-l p]si/5cy1 8,lucidity--lucidity--lucidity60--,said by ,an?ony ,hope on ! writ+ ( novels1 b applicable also to ! news /ory2 f ! ,univ]sity ,magaz9e1 ,toronto4 ,an int]view 9 ! newspap] s5se1 ! diction>y says1 is 8a conv]sation held = ! purpose ( obta9+ ! op9ions ( a p]son = publication40 ,! t]m may be appli$ bo? to ! process ( que/ion+ by a report] to elicit in=mation1 & to ! publi%$ /atem5t4 ,an int]view may be in=mal or =mal--t is1 x may be incid5tal to ! end ( mak+ a /ory complete or x may be ! end 9 itself4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,int]view ,,is ,,incid5tal ,! city editor's f\r? dim5sion w\ld make x possible = him to h a report] pres5t at e happ5+ :i* ! newspap] *ronicles4 ,e /ory w\ld ?us be obta9$ at fir/ h&4 ,su* a condition be+ manife/ly impossible1 ! report] usually is compell$ to rely on ! in=mation furni%$ him by o!rs4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 a report]'s assignm5t is su* t he c see ! /ory unfold+ be=e him1 z at a fire or a c\rt trial1 & he is enabl$ to write m vividly ?an if 8 facts _h come to him second-h&4 ,e report] dreams ( ! day :5 he w h ! *ance to write a big /ory t he has se5 9 ! mak+4 ,x is relat$ t a gr\p ( ,new ,york newspap] m5 7 discuss+ ! bigge/ possible /ory t c\ld 8break40 ,! ideas ( all 7 summ$ up by ! olde/ ( ! gr\p3 8,suppose ,brooklyn ,bridge1 at ! height ( ! ev5+ ru% homew>d1 %\ld fall1 & ,i %\ld be !re1 j at ! edge1 ! only report] :o saw x--t w\ld be ! bigge/ /ory t c\ld happ560 ,on mo/ ( 8 assignm5ts ! report] mu/ tru/ to o!rs = _m1 if n all1 ( 8 facts4 ,cov]+ ! /ory ( an automobile accid5t1 = example1 he mu/ see ! /ory ?r\gh ! eyes ( ^? :o 7 pres5t4 ,^! p]sons he int]views in=mally4 ,f ! in=mation obta9$ 9 ?is way1 supplem5t$ by 8 own obs]vation ( ! visible results ( ! accid5t1 ! report] culls ! sali5t facts & writes ! /ory 9 8 own words4 ,:at he is sure ( he makes 8 own2 o!r facts he may put 9 ! =m ( indirect quotation1 :ile occasionally he may quote a p]son directly4 ,int]view+ 9 its broad s5se is ?us at ! basis ( ne>ly all newspap] report+1 because ne>ly all /ories deal ) p]sons--_! do+s & op9ions4 ,ev5 9 cov]+ ! /ory :i* ! report] is =tunate en\gh to obs]ve1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( int]view+ may /ill be necess>y to make ! /ory complete4 ,if x is a fire /ory1 he probably que/ions ! own] ab\t ! loss & ! insurance & plans = rebuild+2 he int]views v>i\s p]sons to f9d out ! cause ( ! fire2 he talks1 p]haps1 to p]sons :o h be5 rescu$ & _! rescu]s4 ,^! & o!r facts c be obta9$ only by ask+ que/ions4 ,except :5 a /ory is dep5d5t on :at a p]son has said1 9 a spee* or a =mal int]view1 x is ne>ly always desirable t ! report]1 z f> z possible1 %\ld make ! /ory 8 own4 ,he %\ld hit* 8 wagon to ! /> ( absolute c]ta9ty & !n tell ! /ory1 at lea/ ! sali5t facts1 9 8 own words4 ,x is poor policy 9 news writ+1 z a rule1 to put trivial bits ( in=mation 9 ! =m ( direct quotation4 ,! report] w f9d t ow+ to ! common failure to obs]ve accurately ! acc\nts giv5 by witnesses ( a giv5 occurr5ce w v>y widely4 ,x is ! report]'s bus9ess to le>n all t he c ( ! /ory2 to see1 9 ! limit$ "t at 8 comm&1 z _m z possible ( ! p]sons conc]n$ 9 x1 & !n to pres5t to ! read] an intelligible1 lucid acc\nt 9 ! ?ird p]son--! k]nel ( ! /ory )\t ! husks ( inconsi/5cy4 ,x is impossible to d ?is if ! writ] slavi%ly quotes1 9 ! direct =m1 ev]ybody to :om he talk$ 9 gett+ ! /ory4 ,"s report]s are incl9$ to ov]work ! direct-quotation me?od because x is usually ! easie/ way ( tell+ ! /ory1 (t5 reliev+ ! writ] ( ! necessity ( ?9k+ = himself4 ,quotation m>ks may enclose a multitude ( rhetorical s9s4 ,r ?an g to ! tr\ble ( coord9at+ 8 facts1 su* a writ] w lazily /r+ toge!r ! /atem5ts ( sev]al p]sons & let x g at t4 ,?is plan is obvi\sly bad4 ,x violates ! fundam5tal rules ( news writ+1 :i* dem& t a /ory be cle>1 concise & =ceful1 & gives ! read] a confus$ image r ?an ! def9ite1 cle>-cut impression left by ! /ory rightly told4 ,x is absurd to lug into a /ory ! views ( p]sons :o h no vital connection ) x1 simply = ! sake ( fill+ space4 ,& yet t is ! error committ$ by "s news writ]s1 z 9 a fire /ory1 = example1 :]e ! janitor is quot$ z say+1 8,yes1 ,i saw ! fire2 x 0 a great sight10 or some?+ else equally trivial4 ,:5 ! janitor sees t he imm$iately gets an exagg]at$ idea ( 8 own importance4 ,x is conceivable t ! next "t a report] asks him = a bit ( in=mation1 ! janitor w ?r[ out 8 *e/ ) ! air ( a p]sonage & reply1 8,i refuse to make a /atem5t = publication10 hop+ t ! newspap] w quote him to t effect4 ,! news writ] :o is prodigal ) 8 direct quotation is enc\rag+ an attitude ( m9d t w cause tr\ble = him & o!r newspap] m5 9 ! future4 ,if a p]son is ask$ to give in=mation ab\t a /ory & refuses1 x is seldom good policy to /ate t fact1 unless he be>s su* a close relation to ! /ory t 8 sil5ce is ( int]e/4 ,if !re is no p>ticul> reason :y ! op9ion ( ,smi?1 ! janitor1 %\ld be s\ght1 don't commit ! folly ( tell+ sev]al ?\s& read]s--& ,smi?--t he 8refus$ to talk = publication40 ,ano!r absurdity is illu/rat$ 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,smi? refus$ to make a /atem5t1 b said 4440 ,?is p>adoxical introduction may be foll[$ by a long int]view ) ,smi?4 ,:at ! writ] probably means is t ,smi?1 :5 fir/ ask$ = a /atem5t1 said t he w\ldn't talk1 b lat] *ang$ 8 m9d4 ,! read] is n likely to be int]e/$ 9 all ?is1 s ! copy read] cuts x d[n to 8,smi? said40 ,,:5 ,,! ,,int]view ,,is ,,! ,,/ory 8,! ,gov]nor w be 9 t[n to-night4 ,get a /atem5t f him on ! police situation "h40 ,?us ! city editor outl9es :at he expects ! report] to br+ back to ! (fice4 ,8 ord] is ! fir/ /ep t[>d gett+ an int]view on a def9ite subject4 ,! report] sees ! ,gov]nor1 que/ions him along ! l9e indicat$ & returns to ! (fice ) 8 /ory4 ,n[ :at ! ,gov]nor said is n incid5tal to ano!r /ory2 x is ! /ory 9 itself & is s writt54 ,!re are no def9ite1 fix$ rules z to h[ x %all be writt51 except t x %all fairly express ! ,gov]nor's s5tim5t4 ,! =m 9 :i* ! facts %all be pres5t$ dep5ds on ! news writ]'s own judgm5t or ! editor's in/ructions4 ,he may beg9 8 /ory 9 any "o ( sev]al ways4 ,if ! ,gov]nor said some?+ ( grave importance 9 a /rik+ mann]1 ! report] may seize ^u t = 8 lead1 ?r[+ x into ! =m ( direct quotation4 ,! /ory !n might beg9 9 ?is way3 8,! police dep>tm5t ( ?is city mu/ clean h\se4 ,!re has be5 an al>m+ increase ( crime "h 9 ! la/ six mon?s1 & ,i am go+ to f9d out ! cause40 ,gov]nor ,smi?1 :o arriv$ 9 ---- la/ night1 ?us outl9$ ! purpose ( 8 visit4 ,! ,gov]nor1 etc4 7,aft] ?is explanatory p>agraph ! quotation is cont9u$47 ,or ! lead might be 9 indirect quotation1 some:at aft] ?is mann]3 ,gov]nor ,smi? decl>$1 on 8 arrival 9 ---- la/ night1 t he _h det]m9$ to le>n ! reason = ! rec5t increase 9 crime 9 ?is city4 ,he said ! police dep>tm5t mu/ 8clean h\se40 8,i am "h to make a ?or\gh inve/igation10 ! ,gov]nor said4 8,if ! *>ges ( graft+ are prov$1 ,i w proce$ 4440 ,if ! int]view yield$ no?+ ( importance1 ! writ] might base 8 /ory on ! fact ( ! ,gov]nor's visit3 ,gov]nor ,smi?1 ) 8 secret>y & ?ree memb]s ( 8 /aff1 arriv$ 9 ---- at #aj o'clock la/ night & w5t to ! ---- ,hotel4 ,! ,gov]nor is "h to address ! ,/ate ,conv5tion ( ,mill]s ?is morn+4 ,9 an int]view la/ night he said 444 ,an int]view may take ! =m ( a feature /ory4 ,suppose ! ,gov]nor has a hobby t is wor? writ+ ab\t4 ,!n an int]view ) him might beg9 9 ?is way3 ,gov]nor ,smi? is go+ to saw all 8 own wood ?is w9t]4 ,he believes t b5d+ ov] ! sawbuck & cutt+ cord wood into /ove l5g?s w put him into prime condition = 8saw+ wood0 (ficially4 7,int]view foll[s47 ,x mu/ n be und]/ood t ! =ego+ examples are set =ms = int]views4 ,!y are giv5 m]ely to sugge/ ! sev]al ways 9 :i* ! writ] c beg9 8 /ory4 ,! int]view may be 9 itself ei!r a pla9 news /ory or a feature /ory4 ,x may take ! =m ( a consid]$ /atem5t or x may be in=mal 9 "*4 ,"s m5 give out typewritt5 /atem5ts ( _! views :5 ask$ = an int]view1 :ile o!rs talk freely1 putt+ ! report] on 8 honor to be fair & accurate 9 8 quotation4 ,! "q ( pres5t+ ! speak]'s rem>ks mo/ effectively f ! news /&po9t is !n left entirely to ! writ]'s discretion4 ,he is n expect$ to quote slavi%ly4 ,inde$1 few m5 w\ld l to h _! conv]sation appe> 9 pr9t v]batim1 ) ! defects to :i* ! be/ spok5 language is liable4 ,unless ! int]view is pr9t$ = no o!r purpose ?an to poke fun at ! speak]1 z might be done ) ! rem>ks ( an ignorant & disreputable politician1 ! writ] %\ld /rive to convey ! _s ( :at is said r ?an ! exact words4 ,n[ & !n a *>act]i/ic phrase or s5t5ce may be quot$ v]batim--& ?is is desirable 9 ord] to give a flavor ( ! speak]'s individuality--b ! faults ( ord9>y spee*1 v]bosity1 awkw>dness & ! l1 %\ld n be reproduc$4 ,true accuracy leaves a correct impression ( ! :ole4 ,an int]view rightly writt51 tell+ ! speak]'s mean+ 9 simple1 cle> ,engli% season$ ) phrases t give a h9t ( 8 p]sonality1 is m accurate 9 ?is s5se ?an a phonographic record ( ! conv]sation4 ,x foll[s t ! speak]'s rem>ks ne$ n be set d[n 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 made4 ,possibly ! la/ ?+ he said may be put 9 ! lead4 ,"p ( ! int]view may be 9 indirect quotation1 summ>iz+ /atem5ts ( m9or importance4 ,! report] may introduce explanatory s5t5ces1 especially if ! int]view is long & deals ) m ?an "o subject4 ,he may break into ! disc\rse to tell ( ! speak]'s ge/ure at a c]ta9 po9t or to describe a facial expression--any?+ t w give ! read] a vivid & true picture ( ! man int]view$4 ,ord9>ily ! report]'s que/ions %\ld n appe> 9 ! /ory1 b sometimes !y may be effectively giv5 & ! int]view may consi/ ( a s]ies ( categorical que/ions & answ]s1 resembl+ ! reports ( te/imony at a trial4 ,?is me?od may be us$ :5 ! newspap] desires specific answ]s to c]ta9 po9t$ que/ions ( great int]e/1 or :5 x seems ! mo/ direct way ( gett+ ! mean+ be=e ! read]4 ,no set rules c be laid d[n on ?is po9t2 e int]view1 l e o!r news /ory1 pres5ts its own problem4 ,! sugge/ions reg>d+ ! int]view ( =mal "* apply also to ! report+ ( spee*es4 ,x is ! cu/om n[adays ( _m m5 :o appe> (t5 9 public to give out to ! newspap]s 9 advance typewritt5 copies ( _! spee*es4 ,! news writ] s5t to report an address1 fre$ ( ! necessity ( foll[+ closely ! speak]'s words1 may devote 8 att5tion to ! details ( ! meet+4 ,9 cov]+ a =mal lecture or address ( :i* no advance copy is available ! report] naturally may use ! speak]'s exact words m freely ?an 9 writ+ ! int]view4 ,ev5 9 su* a /ory1 h[ev]1 x is seldom desirable to give all ! spee*1 & frequ5t summ>ies may be made 9 ! writ]'s own words4 ,?is also is a matt] = ! report]'s judgm5t ( news values4 ,x is n dem&$ t ! newspap] man be able to write %or?&4 ,if a v]batim report ( a spee* is desir$ a /5ograph] is employ$ = t purpose4 ,a ^w z to ! me*anics ( ! /ory3 ,be c>eful to enclose all quot$ matt] 9 quotation m>ks4 ,beg9 ea* p>agraph ) quotation m>ks & don't =get to use ! m>ks at ! end ( ! la/ p>agraph4 ,rememb] t 8he said0 us$ too (t5 9 dialogue becomes monoton\s4 8,repli$10 8ass]t$10 8laugh$10 8rem>k$10 8exclaim$10 8correct$10 8inquir$10 8sugge/$10 8urg$0 & _m o!r words may (t5 be sub/itut$ to good advantage4 ,a s]ies ( int]views f diff]5t p]sons on ! same topic is a symposium4 ,9 ?is =m ( /ory ! "n ( ! speak] is giv51 !n ! int]view4 ,! lead /ates briefly ! topic "u discussion4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,feature int]view beg9n+ ) a /rik+ rem>k 9 direct quotation4 ,f ! ,new ,york ,_w3 8,x is impossible = a woman to live 9 com=t 9 ,new ,york on #c1jjj a ye>40 ,?is is ! /atem5t ( ,mrs4 ,juanita ,la ,b>1 :o has petition$ ! ,orphans' ,c\rt ( ,scranton1 ,pa41 to all[ h] an additional ?\s& doll>s s %e c s5d h] elev5-ye>-old son to s*ool4 ,! ?+s ,mrs4 ,la ,b> ?9ks absolutely necess>y = a mode/ m5age are3 ,"o s]vant4 ,to dress n h&somely b neatly4 ,a heal?ful ap>tm5t4 ,! be/ ! m>ket af=ds = ! table4 ,a vacation to ! sea%ore1 c\ntry or m\nta9s e summ]4 8,i c't get along on #c1jjj10 said ,mrs4 ,la ,b> to a report] = ! ,_w la/ night at h] ap>tm5t at ,no4 #baj ,we/ ,tw5ty-fir/ /reet1 8& ,i'm n extravagant1 ei!r1 because ,i don't owe a c5t40 ,! ap>tm5t 0 mode/ & com=table1 & ,mrs4 ,la ,b> 0 dress$ quietly1 b 9 well cut & well made g>m5ts4 8,t5 ye>s ago1 :5 my husb& 0 alive1 we liv$ well at a hotel & w5t to ! sea%ore e ye>4 ,we _h a maid to look aft] ! boy1 b we didn't keep h\se 4440 7,! re/ ( ! /ory consi/s ( direct quotation47 7,! me?od ( pres5t+ ! int]view "h is simple & effective--fir/ a p>agraph 9 direct quotation t conta9s ! meat ( ! /ory1 !n id5tification ( ! speak] & a ?ird-p]son /atem5t ( h] views1 & f9ally ! int]view itself1 runn+ ab\t half a column47 ,,ii4 ,a m =mal & cons]vative me?od is %[n 9 ! foll[+3 ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4 #b4--;,b4 ,f4 ,yoakum1 *airman ( ! bo>d ( directors ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,san ,francisco ,railroad ,company1 arriv$ "h to-day4 ,he _h return$ f an inspection trip ov] ! ,frisco l9es ) ,b4 ,l4 ,w9*ell1 presid5t ( ! pr9cipal roads ( ! sy/em2 ,a4 ,j4 ,e>l+1 head ( ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul ,railway1 & ,p]cy ,c4 ,rockefell]4 ,mr4 ,yoakum decl9$ to make a /atem5t ab\t 8 inspection trip s f> z x may result 9 a traffic agreem5t betwe5 ! ,frisco & ,/4 ,paul sy/ems4 8,!re seems to be b little /ock tick] prosp]ity 9 ,new ,york1 b !re is a good deal ( real prosp]ity 9 ! ,s\?we/10 he said4 8,aft] cross+ ! ,mississippi ,riv] "o r>ely he>s ! ,new ,york /ock m>ket ref]r$ to4 ,trad+ 9 securities is n ! bus9ess ( ! ,we/1 & securities li/$ on ! /ock ex*ange are n ! collat]al requir$ or g5]ally us$ by bank]s 9 ! ,we/44440 7,?ree p>agraphs ( quot$ matt] foll[47 ,,iii4 ,int]view 9 :i* direct quotation is v>i$ ) indirect4 ,f ! ,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/3 8,! ,panama ,canal w be complet$ at lea/ a ye> soon] ?an ! "t set = ! (ficial op5+1 ,jan4 #a1 #aiae10 said ,ray ,l4 ,smi?1 employm5t ag5t ( ! ,i/hmian ,canal ,commission1 to-day4 ,mr4 ,smi? is 9 ,*icago attempt+ to enli/ boil]-mak]s to take ! places ( ! hundr$ m5 :o resign$ aft] be+ refus$ an increase 9 wage4 8,i attribute ! r$uction 9 "t to ! effici5cy :i* has be5 atta9$ by ! m510 he cont9u$4 8,:5 ! "w began labor]s 7 import$ f ! ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s & f ,italy & ,spa94 ,! ,european labor]s accompli%$ ne>ly ?ree times z mu* a man z ! ,we/ ,indians at fir/1 & !y 7 paid twice z mu*4 8,n[ ! effici5cy ( ! ,we/ ,indian has be5 s increas$ t ! ,european is only twice z effective40 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,smi?1 ! p]sonnel ( ! work]s on ! canal includes repres5tatives f ne>ly e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,!re are #de1jjj employs ( ! commission 9 ,panama4 ,( !m1 #e1jjj are ,am]icans4 ,! rema9+ #dj1jjj repres5t p]haps m tongues ?an 7 ga!r$ ar\nd ! ,t[] ( ,babel4 ,! bulk ( ! labor]s are negroes f ! ,b>bados1 f ,tr9idad & f ,jamaica4 ,besides ! negroes f ^! isl&s !re are ,spani>ds f mo/ ( ! isl&s except ,cuba4 8,! dea? rate 9 ! canal zone is only #d4je a ?\s& p]sons10 said ,mr4 ,smi?4 8,?is is l[] ?an 9 any ,am]ican city4 ,! l[ rate is ! result ( ! c>eful sup]vision ex]cis$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,= example1 !re is a hospital at ,culebra1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! commission1 :i* has #b1bjj b$s4 ,all ! h\ses are scre5$ aga9/ mosquitoes1 & 9 o!r ways ! greate/ att5tion is paid to sanitation44440 7,! re/ ( ! int]view is 9 direct quotation47 7,note t ! writ] drops direct quotation 9 ! fif? p>agraph4 ,mak+ x cle> t ! speak] is 8 au?ority1 he puts 8 in=mation 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,?is may be done ) a pla9 /atem5t ( facts & figures 9 :i* !re is no expression ( op9ion4 ,no?+ w\ld be ga9$ by putt+ 9 ! speak]'s words ! /ati/ical matt] "h giv54 ,on ! o!r h& ! report] %\ld be c>eful to quote any?+ ( a controv]sial nature47 ,,iv4 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs f a feature /ory 9 ! ,new ,york ,mail %[ ! que/ions-&-answ]s me?od 9 ! int]view4 ,! extract is f a sign$ /ory1 ! only k9d 9 :i* ! report] is p]mitt$ to write 9 ! fir/ p]son3 8,evid5tly10 ,i said1 8y are an admir] ( ! new woman1 ! woman :o e>ns h] liv+40 8,well10 he said1 8y c't blame me4 ,x's always bett] to get bus9ess advice f a woman :o kn[s some?+ ab\t bus9ess1 ?an f "o :o kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 ,= wom5 are b\nd to m$dle ) _! husb&s' affairs1 :e!r !y are acqua9t$ ) !m or n40 8,& h[ ab\t politics80 ,i v5tur$4 8,%\ld wom5 take an active "p 9 ?is field1 too80 8,decid$ly n10 he return$1 etc4 7,sign$ newspap] /ories are ! exceptions4 ,9 ! av]age /ory1 :5 ! writ] has occasion to ref] to himself1 he uses "s su* imp]sonal =m z 8! report] ask$0 or 8x 0 sugge/$407 ,,*apt] ,x ,,special ,,types ,,( ,,/ories ,! te/ ( ! news value ( an ev5t is its elem5t ( novelty4 ,:e!r news %all be ! record ( ?+s admirable or ?+s disgraceful practically dep5ds on ! community4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,dodge ,city1 ,kan41 or ,leadville1 ,colo41 ! in=mation t ,*]okee ,jake or ,san ,juan ,bill _h att5d$ *ur* w\ld h be5 news4 ,b 9 ^! communities at ! pres5t day ! weekly pres5ce ( _m citiz5s ( equal or great] prom95ce has no news value4 ,9 :i* city w\ld ! rabbi r live1 ! "o :]e *ur* att5dance has news value1 or ! "o :]e x has none8--,f an editorial 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republic1 reply+ to a critic ( ! daily press4 ,:ile e news /ory1 9 ! nature ( ! case1 pres5ts its own problem1 ! news writ] soon f9ds t 9 all ! /ories on ! same basic !me1 z ^? deal+ ) fires1 c]ta9 def9ite po9ts mu/ be cov]$4 ,x is impossible1 ( c\rse1 to provide a set patt]n = any /ory or gr\p ( /ories1 b a few g5]al in/ructions w be f\nd to hold good4 ,,fire ,,/ories ,9 cov]+ an important fire /ory1 9 addition to any special news features1 get ! foll[+ facts3 ,exact location2 "t2 cause2 names ( own] & occupants ( build+2 losses2 insurance4 ,if possible1 see ! own] to le>n ! ext5t ( ! damage to ! build+2 o!rwise get ! fire *ief or "s o!r p]son :o c speak ) au?ority to e/imate ! loss4 ,if p]sons 7 kill$ or injur$1 or lives 7 endang]$1 get all ! details possible4 ,^! facts take prec$5ce ov] all details conc]n+ prop]ty loss4 ,don't =get names & addresses4 ,among ! po9ts to be not$ are3 ,rescues2 exits & fire escapes1 or abs5ce ( fire escapes2 o!r precautions1 or lack ( precautions1 aga9/ cr[d+ & panic2 ?rill+1 humor\s or pa!tic incid5ts2 circum/ances affect+ ! "w ( ! firem51 su* z a possible failure ( ! wat] pressure at a critical "t4 ,,dea? ,,/ories ,9 dea? /ories give ! foll[+3 ,full "n2 age2 "t & place ( dea?2 cause2 acc\nt ( la/ illness2 fun]al arrangem5ts2 names ( relatives2 bir?place2 acc\nt ( bus9ess & political life2 society & *ur* connections4 ,let y\r /ory be simple & dignifi$1 9 keep+ ) ! !me4 ,,w$d+ ,,/ories ,9 /ories ( 8big0 w$d+s give ! foll[+3 ,full names ( ! p]sons m>ri$2 _! family connections2 "t & place ( w$d+2 m9i/] (ficiat+2 att5dants ( all k9ds2 descriptions ( g[ns ( bride & att5dants 7x isn't necess>y to say ! bridegroom wore ! 8conv5tional black072 music2 decorations2 reception2 gue/s f out ( t[n2 pres5ts f organizations & gr\ps ( fri5ds2 notewor?y pres5ts f individuals2 w$d+ trip2 :5 & :]e ! c\ple w be at home4 ,,crime ,,/ories ,9 cov]+ a /ory ( murd] or suicide1 don't /op ) ! facts t appe> on ! surface--get ! motive4 ,:5 "o he>s t a fri5d has kill$ himself ! fir/ natural inquiry is3 ,:y did he d x8 ,x is ?is "q t ! city editor urges ^u ! report] />t+ out to cov] ! /ory4 8,get ! motive0 is ! ord]1 express$ or impli$4 ,if ! /ory does n %[ ! motive1 x mu/ h o!r m>k$ elem5ts ( int]e/ to receive m ?an a few l9es ( space4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is book to discuss newspap] e?ics & ideals1 except 9 relation to news writ+1 b att5tion may be call$ briefly to t phase ( ! newspap]'s daily problem t has to d ) crime news4 ,:e!r or n su* news is 8featur$0 dep5ds altoge!r on ! newspap]'s individual policy2 !re are no g5]al /&>ds t fit all cases4 ,a /ory t "o pap] cuts to a few l9es or ?r[s away may be 8play$ up0 9 ano!r to ! ext5t ( a column or m4 ,any newspap] w give lib]al space to a /ory t vitally conc]ns ! entire nation or community1 su* z ! attempt$ assass9ation ( a public (ficial4 ,div]g5ce comes 9 ! treatm5t ( human-int]e/ news4 ,take = example ! /ory ( a %op girl :o kills h]self because %e has be5 jilt$4 ,"h is a /ory t may be develop$ = its human-int]e/ features1 may be dismiss$ ) a b>e /atem5t or may be ignor$4 ,! !ory is widely accept$ t ! publication ( a suicide /ory1 especially "o t goes into detail1 may implant ! sugge/ion ( suicide 9 p]sons ( morbid m9d1 or may lead ^? :o h be5 ?9k+ ( suicide to act4 ,x is l>gely = ?is reason t _m newspap]s give little space to news ( ?is "* unless x conc]ns someone ( prom95ce or conta9s "s unique human-int]e/ feature4 ,ord9>y1 r\t9e suicide /ories receive b>e m5tion at ! mo/1 & !n usually 9 an inconspicu\s "p ( ! pap]4 ,:at %all be done ) a /ory is ! editor's problem4 ,! problem ( ! report] is to get ! facts & pres5t !m to ! be/ ( 8 ability4 ,& if a suicide /ory is to be cov]$ 9 detail1 don't /op ) ! obvi\s--f9d out ! 8:y0 ( x all4 ,,bus9ess ,,/ories ,9 /ories deal+ ) bus9ess transactions1 especially c\rt reports1 x is p>ticul>ly important t ! report] get ! names "r4 8,br[n & ,co40 may be ! "n ( "o corporation & 8! ,br[n ,company0 ( ano!r4 ,don't confuse ! two4 ,don't call a firm bankrupt simply because a petition has be5 fil$ ask+ t x be decl>$ bankrupt4 ,wait until ! case is decid$ 9 c\rt4 ,9 g5]al--& ?is _c be /ress$ too mu*--rememb] t ! report] has p[] to d irrep>able h>m by a c>eless or malici\s /atem5t4 ,an unw>rant$ asp]sion may "w an injury t no subsequ5t correction c :olly undo4 ,a /atem5t 9 pr9t is f9al2 x _c be am5d$ or s(t5$ z c ! spok5 ^w4 ,x is "p ( ! news writ]'s pla9 duty--to himself1 8 newspap] & ! public--to *oose 8 words c>efully1 9 ord] t no miscon/ruction may be plac$ ^u !m4 ,m important /ill1 he %\ld nev] =get ! obligation t re/s ^u him to say no ?+1 directly or by implication1 t c h>m an innoc5t p]son4 ,,second-,,day ,,/ories ,! second-day /ory1 z ! "n sugge/s1 relates a developm5t 9 a /ory pr9t$ ! prec$+ day1 ( :i* x is assum$ ! read] has "s k4 ,= example1 ! /ory ( a dea?1 if deem$ ( suffici5t importance1 may be 8foll[$0 7z ! newspap] v]nacul> has x7 by an ev5+ contempor>y4 ,b :ile ! acc\nt fir/ publi%$ beg9s by tell+ ! fact ( ! dea?1 ! second-day1 or ! 8foll[10 /ory is br\ght up to date 9 ! lead ) "s new] facts1 probably ab\t ! fun]al arrangem5ts4 ,news ages quickly 9 ^! days ( h\rly editions1 :5 beats are measur$ n by days or h\rs b by m9utes4 ,! news writ] aims to give ! late/ possible in=mation ab\t 8 /ory1 & to give x 9 su* a way t ! read] w be impress$ ) ! fact ( its newness4 ,an exp]i5c$ report] w nev] write 8ye/]day0 into ! lead ( 8 /ory :5 !re is a *ance ( mak+ 8to-day0 prom95t4 ,! morn+ newspap]1 :i* s5ds its city edition to press at #b to #c o'clock 9 ! morn+1 tells ( ! ev5ts ( ye/]day4 ,x is ! breakfa/-table pap]1 sett+ =? ! hi/ory ( ! prec$+ day4 ,necess>ily ! ^w 8ye/]day0 recurs frequ5tly 9 its local columns4 ,! report] mu/ write 8 /ory to con=m to ! date ( ! pap]'s issue4 ,h5ce1 writ+ = next morn+'s pap] ( a fire :i* occurr$ at #h ,p4 ,m41 he fixes ! "t z 8#h o'clock la/ night0--?is =m be+ pref]r$ to 8ye/]day ev5+40 8,la/ night10 h[ev]1 is avoid$ 9 ref]5ce to any?+ t happ5s aft] midnight1 on ! day ( publication4 ,9 su* a case1 ! report]1 ) ! consci\s purpose ( mak+ 8 news seem z timely z possible1 writes 8e>ly ?is morn+0 or gives ! def9ite "t4 ,an ev5 great] ef=t to get 8to-day0 r ?an 8ye/]day0 into news /ories is made by ! ev5+ pap]1 because its special field is ! news ( ! day on :i* x is publi%$4 ,ye/]day is dead2 its news has pass$ into hi/ory4 ,tak+ up ! *ronicle :]e ! morn+ pap] has dropp$ x1 ! ev5+ pap]1 9 successive editions1 records ! ev5ts ( ! day4 ,fir/-page /ories 9 e>ly editions may be ru?lessly cut d[n or ?r[n out z m important news develops4 ,x is n en\gh to tell :at has happ5$ already2 ! newspap] mu/ tell :at is happ5+ & :at is go+ to happ54 ,news t appe>s /ale is n want$4 ,!re are s _m ?+s ( vital int]e/ happ5+ all ! "t t ! newspap] is n conc]n$ ) dead ev5ts1 except z !y may h a be>+ on ! pres5t4 ,! second-day /ory1 !n1 if x is wor? publi%+ at all1 mu/ h "s new feature to br+ x up to date4 ,at lea/ x mu/ h ! appe>ance ( newness4 ,x is 9 giv+ a /ory ?is gloss t ! tricks ( ! news writ]'s trade are call$ into play4 ,n[h]e does exp]i5ce c\nt = m ?an 9 writ+ ( a day-old ev5t 9 a mann] to convey ! impression t ! news is be+ told = ! fir/ "t4 ,! novice may write vividly ( some?+ he has j se51 b ! tra9$ news writ] excels 9 ! artifice ( :at ! newspap] man calls rewrit+4 ,,rewrit+ ,on "s ev5+ newspap]s a squad ( m5 beg9 "w soon aft] ! city editions ( ! morn+ pap]s are (f ! press4 ,be=e dawn ^! m5 are on duty1 busily prep>+ copy = ! fir/ edition ( ! pap]1 :i* goes to press be=e news beg9s to p\r 9 ?r\gh ! regul> *annels4 ,?is "w is 9 *>ge ( an assi/ant city editor1 :o paves ! way = ! city editor4 ,copies ( ! morn+ pap]s & a pair ( %e>s are 8 equipm5t4 ,/ories t promise fur!r developm5t dur+ ! day he lays aside = ! consid]ation ( ! city editor2 o!rs t may safely be rewritt5 & made to appe> z new he deals out to ! squad ( writ]s2 /ill o!rs1 ^? t are dead aft] "o tell+1 he ?r[s away4 ,/ories t hold ! possibility ( a libel suit--or1 z ! newspap] man says1 conta9 dynamite--are m5tally label$ dang]\s & held = inve/igation--or ! wa/ebasket4 ,n[ assume t to ! rewrite man is h&$ a clipp+ tell+ ( ! arre/ ( a lead+ citiz5 = exce$+ ! spe$ limit 9 8 automobile ! night be=e4 ,! citiz5 gave bond to assure 8 appe>ance 9 police c\rt ! foll[+ day4 ,! /ory fills1 say1 half a column 9 ! morn+ pap]4 8,cut x to a /ick0 is ! ord]4 ,! novice probably w\ld beg9 by say+ t 8,john ,jones1 ca%i] ( ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank1 0 arre/$ la/ night = spe$+10 t be+ ! sub/ance ( ! lead 9 ! orig9al /ory4 ,n s ! rewrite man4 ,8 /ory beg9s some:at l ?is3 ,on ! docket ( ! ,fir/ ,di/rict ,police ,c\rt ?is morn+ appe>$ ! "n ( ,john ,jones1 ca%i] ( ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank1 *>g$ ) exce$+ ! spe$ limit 9 8 automobile4 ,mr4 ,jones 0 arre/$ la/ night1 etc4 ,"h ! news writ] has giv5 8 /ory a new lead )\t 9 ! lea/ go+ beyond ! facts4 ,he kn[s t an arre/ = violation ( a city ord9ance is foll[$ by arraignm5t 9 police c\rt2 f ! di/rict 9 :i* ! arre/ 0 made he kn[s 9 :at c\rt ,mr4 ,jones mu/ appe>4 ,x is assum$ t ! writ] is an exp]i5c$ report]1 acqua9t$ ) police proc$ure 9 ! city 9 :i* he works4 ,lat] 9 ! day ! lead ( ! /ory is *ang$ to tell ! disposition ( ! case4 ,ne>ly all ! /ories rewritt5 f o!r pap]s are subject to *anges dur+ ! day or are ?r[n out altoge!r to make way = lat] news4 ,suppose ! /ory tells ( a fire 9 :i* p]sons 7 kill$4 ,! fire 0 9 a factory1 :i*1 contr>y to law1 0 n adequately equipp$ ) fire escapes4 ,! morn+ pap]s told ! /ory 9 detail4 ,s f> z ! facts ab\t ! fire are conc]n$1 ! /ory is old4 ,! rewrite man1 draw+ on 8 k ( simil> ev5ts1 beg9s 8 /ory 9 ?is mann]3 ,an inve/igation 0 begun to-day by ,build+ ,commission] ,smi? to fix ! responsibility = ! loss ( t5 lives 9 a fire :i* la/ night de/roy$ ! pap]-box factory ( ,blank & ,company at #ajaj ,y /reet4 ,!n ! /ory tells ( ! lack ( fire escapes on ! build+ & proce$s to give details ab\t ! fire cull$ f ! publi%$ acc\nt4 ,9 lat] editions ! lead is *ang$ z developm5ts w>rant4 ,on "s ev5+ newspap]s ! rule is to use ! "n ( ! day r ?an 8to-day10 8ye/]day0 or 8to-morr[40 ,! pap] c !n be dat$ "o day ahead & s5t out z a mail edition )\t ! necessity ( *ang+ local /ories to con=m to ! new date l9e4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,home ,,or ,,class-,,room ,,/udy ,i4 ,concisely told /ory ( a fire4 ,f ! ,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/3 ,lives ( firem5 7 imp]il$ & a loss e/imat$ at #ce1jjj 0 caus$ e>ly to-day by fire :i* swept ?r\gh ! ?ree top floors ( a five-/ory brick build+ at #bdbg-ca ,we/ ,f\rte5? /reet4 ,^! upp] floors 7 occupi$ by ! ,platt-,mas*ek ,company1 novelties1 ( :i* ,c4 ,c4 ,mas*ek is presid5t4 ,! two l[] floors are occupi$ by ,c4 ,a4 ,hiles ,co41 ,inc41 tool manufactur]s4 ,?is conc]n escap$ ) a slight loss4 ,/>t+ suppos$ly f cross$ electric wires on ! fif? floor1 ! fire broke ?r\gh ! ro( & _h spread to ! f\r? & ?ird floors :5 x 0 discov]$ by ,policeman ,?omas ,fe5ey1 :o 0 pass+4 ,flames & smoke roll$ out ( ! fif? floor w9d[s4 ,fe5ey p\nd$ on ! front doors ( ! build+ & attract$ ! att5tion ( ,edw>d ,claus1 a wat*man1 :o 0 on ! fir/ floor & unaw>e t ! build+ 0 burn+4 ,! two attempt$ to asc5d a /airway to ! ?ird floor1 believ+ t !re 0 ano!r wat*man 9 ! novelty conc]n1 b flames & smoke bur/ ?r\gh a door & !y 7 compell$ to retire4 ,glass 9 ! door 0 brok5 by ! heat & ,fe5ey 0 cut ab\t ! face & h&s4 ,a g5]al al>m 0 s\nd$ & ,m>%al ,horan arriv$ 9 8 automobile4 ,he s5t 9 five special calls & took *>ge ( ! _m companies ( firem54 ,! heat 0 int5se & firem5 :o _h m\nt$ ! ro(s ( adjo9+ /ructures frequ5tly 7 compell$ to climb d[n4 ,:ile firem5 7 /ill at "w on ! flames ab\t tw5ty-five girls report$ = "w4 ,x 0 said !y w\ld be ?r[n out ( "w by ! fire4 7,notice h[ ! two lead+ facts 9 ! /ory are comb9$ 9 ! op5+ s5t5ce1 ! fact t firem5 7 9 p]il com+ fir/1 !n ! prop]ty loss4 ,! writ] manife/ly has tak5 pa9s to get ! firm names correct47 ,,ii4 ,brief news dispat* tell+ ( a dea? by fire3 ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4 #ab4--,mrs4 ,f4 ,a4 ,hilli>d1 #gf ye>s old1 a weal?y wid[ ( ,milwaukee1 0 burn$ to dea? e>ly to-day 9 h] room 9 ! ,hotel ,bri/ol4 ,%e set fire to h] clo?+ 9 attempt+ to light a c&le4 ,mrs4 ,hilli>d regi/]$ at ! hotel ,nov4 #f4 ,%e attract$ att5tion by h] ecc5tricities4 ,%e refus$ to use ei!r electric light or gas1 & insi/$ on burn+ c&les 9 h] room4 7,all ! sali5t facts are told "h 9 less ?an sev5ty-five words--! :o1 :51 :at1 :]e & :y ( ! /ory4 ,?is is ! compress$ =m 9 :i* ! /ory 0 c>ri$ 9 ! news dispat*es4 ,z a local /ory--t is1 publi%$ 9 ! city 9 :i* x orig9at$--its human-int]e/ elem5t w\ld ju/ify ! giv+ ( m details--b no?+ ( a horrible nature4 ,news1 unless x is national 9 int]e/1 %r9ks 9 importance 9 proportion to ! di/ance f ! sc5e ( ! happ5+4 ,?is rule1 ( c\rse1 w\ld n apply 9 ?is case to ,milwaukee1 :]e ! /ory w\ld be local 9 significance because ( ! resid5ce ( ! woman 9 t city47 ,,iii4 ,fire /ory summ>iz+ ! ma9 facts 9 a few l9es1 z c>ri$ 9 ! report ( a press association3 ,,jopl91 ,,mo41 ,nov4 #af4--;,fire ( unkn[n orig9 ?is morn+ de/roy$ ! entire bus9ess section ( ,du5weg1 a m9+ t[n six miles ea/ ( "h4 ,sev5te5 build+s 7 burn$1 ! damage be+ e/imat$ at #ge1jjj4 7,x is significant1 9 /udy+ relative news values1 t ?is /ory1 deal+ ) prop]ty loss1 gets only half z mu* space z t tell+ ( a woman's dea?4 ,bo? appe>$ 9 ! same newspap]47 ,,iv4 ,dea? /ory :i* cov]s all ! important po9ts4 ,f ! ,baltimore ,sun3 ,,atlanta1 ,nov4 #ac4--,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator ,alex&] ,/eph5s ,clay1 ( ,georgia1 di$ ( he>t disease at ! ,rob]tson ,sanatorium to-day aft] an ext5d$ illness4 ,8 dea? 0 z peaceful z x 0 sudd54 ,he 0 talk+ to 8 son ,h]b]t :5 he sudd5ly ceas$ speak+ & fell back dead4 ,dur+ ! morn+ & e>ly aft]noon ! ,s5ator appe>$ 9 bett] spirits ?an usual4 ,! att5d+ physicians said t he 0 app>5tly recov]+ f ! slight relapse ( ,saturday4 ,mrs4 ,clay came to ,atlanta f ,m>ietta 9 ! morn+1 b :5 %e f\nd ! ,s5ator s mu* improv$ %e return$ home4 ,! only memb] ( ! family pres5t at ! dea?b$ 0 ! ,s5ator's son ,h]b]t1 :o is mayor ( ,m>ietta4 ,accord+ to ! physicians ,s5ator ,clay's dea? result$ f dilatation ( ! he>t1 sup]9duc$ by art]ial scl]osis4 ,! ,s5ator _h be5 ill = ne>ly a ye> & w5t to ! sanatorium on ,novemb] #a to take ! re/ cure4 ,he appe>$ to be improv+ until ,saturday1 :5 he suff]$ a relapse :i* 8 weak5$ condition 0 unable to )/&4 ,! body 0 remov$ to ! ,clay home at ,m>ietta1 :]e ! fun]al s]vices w be held ,tuesday4 ,s5ator ,clay 0 #eg ye>s old1 & is surviv$ by a wid[1 five sons & a daught]1 besides 8 p>5ts1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,clay1 ( ,cobb c\nty4 7,an acc\nt ( ,s5ator ,clay's political life1 9 #cej words1 foll[s47 ,v4 ,dea? /ory 9 :i* ! cause is ( special int]e/3 ,,*icago1 ,dec4 #e4--,pr(4 ,*>les ,otis ,:itman1 head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,zology & director ( ! ,zological ,museum at ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 di$ ( pneumonia to-day4 ,8 dea? 0 due to exposure a week ago1 :51 late at night1 he left 8 room to look aft] a flock ( pigeons :i* he _h be5 /udy+4 ,fri5ds say t ,pr(4 ,:itman fe>$ ! pigeons w\ld be froz54 ,pr(4 ,:itman1 :o 0 #fh ye>s old1 0 widely kn[n z a zologi/4 ,he 0 born at ,wood/ock1 ,me41 & 0 educat$ at ,b[do9 ,college1 ,leipzig ,univ]sity1 9 ,g]many1 & ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,surviv+ ,pr(4 ,:itman are 8 wid[ & two sons1 ,frank & ,c>roll4 ,arrangem5ts = ! fun]al h n be5 complet$4 ,,vi4 ,graphically told /ory ( ! dea? ( a fam\s 8man-bird03 ,,los ,,angeles1 ,,cal41 ,dec4 #ca4--,! w9ds1 ^: trea*]ies ,ar* ,hoxsey s (t5 defi$ & conqu]$1 kill$ ! not$ aviator to-day4 ,z if jeal\s ( 8 intrepidity1 !y seiz$ him & 8 fragile fly+ ma*9e1 flung !m d[n out ( ! sky & cru%$ out 8 life4 ,he fell dead 9 ! field f :i* he _h ris5 b a %ort "t be=e ) a laugh+ promise to ?\s&s ( *e]+ spectators to pi]ce ! z5i? ( ! heav5s1 surpass 8 own ph5om5al altitude record & so> high] ?an any o!r man d>$ g4 ,cross curr5ts1 :irl$ (f f a vagrant /orm t float$ 9 f ! sea1 caught 8 biplane & %ot him d[nw>d #efc feet to e>?4 ,8 body lay brok5 & twi/$ almo/ out ( all semblance to a human =m4 ,all ( ! spectators 9 ! gr& /& witness$ ! trag$y1 z x occurr$ directly 9 front ( !m on ! opposite side ( ! c\rse4 ,!y sat 9 awe-/rick5 sil5ce until ! ann\nc] gave out ! words ?r\gh ! megaphone3 8,hoxsey has be5 kill$40 ,!n f e "p ( ! great /& came sobb+ ( wom51 :o b a %ort "t be=e _h clapp$ _! h&s to ! d>+ aviator z he arose f ! field = 8 fatal flight4 8,( c\rse ! success ( ?is attempt is cont+5t ^u ! k9d ( wea!r ,i f9d up !re10 said ,hoxsey j be=e he left ! gr\nd4 8,"s ( ! temp]atures "o enc\nt]s 9 ! high] altitudes are simply beyond human endurance4 ,b1 if ,i c /& x & my motor works z well z x has be5 work+1 ,i'll come d[n ) a record ( #ab1jjj feet or m40 ,ev5 at t mom5t ! w9d atta9$ a velocity t kept m cauti\s aviators on ! gr\nd4 ,aft] he _h asc5d$ x ga9$ rapidly 9 viol5ce4 ,moreov]1 x creat$ a 8,swiss *eese0 atmosph]e1 ! mo/ trea*]\s meteorological condition t man-birds h to cont5d )4 ,!re is no?+ by :i* x may be kn[n :y ,hoxsey did n g high] ?an #g1gdb feet1 :i* 8 b>ograph %[$ he _h atta9$1 b he _h app>5tly enc\nt]$ at t altitude ! same conflict+ air curr5ts t f9ally ov]came him4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 & ) ! same reckless d>+ he _h display$ dur+ ! la/ week1 he desc5d$ by a s]ies ( spiral glides1 & 0 p]=m+ "o ( 8 ?rill+ roll+ dips1 :5 8 biplane sudd5ly capsiz$ & %ot to e>?4 ,ov] & ov] ! aroplane turn$ z x fell1 ) a spe$ s swift t ( all ! ?\s&s :o saw ! trag$y n "o c\ld tell :at ef=t ! aviator made to save himself4 ,:5 ! wreckage _h be5 cle>$ suffici5tly s t 8 body c\ld be rea*$1 he 0 f\nd plant$ firmly 9 8 seat1 8 arms ar\nd ! lev]s4 ,! fall telescop$ ! biplane4 ,! /eel sprocket :i* drove ! propell]s lay across ,hoxsey's face1 ! motor re/+ ^u ! "r side ( 8 body4 ,e "o ( ! ribs on t side 0 %att]$ into fragm5ts4 ,an iron upright1 brok5 by ! =ce ( ! cra%1 held ! aviator's body impal$ ^u its jagg$ po9t4 ,! /op wat*es ( ! judges 9 ! /& regi/]$ ! exact second ( #b3ab o'clock :5 ,hoxsey's ma*9e turn$ ov] & plung$ 9 its fatal fall4 ,! news ( ! trag$y 0 telegraph$ ov] wires lead+ out ( ! press /& be=e ! ma*9e /ruck ! gr\nd4 7,en\gh ( ! publi%$ /ory1 :i* fill$ m ?an ?ree columns1 is giv5 "h to indicate ! detail$ me?od ( treatm5t4 ,! dea? ( ,ar* ,hoxsey 9 itself 0 a big news /ory1 ( nation-wide int]e/4 ,its importance z news 0 enhanc$ by ! fact t ano!r not$ aviator1 only a few h\rs be=e1 _h met dea? 9 a simil> tragic mann] on ano!r aviation field47 ,,vii4 ,/ory ( a suicide pr9t$ because ( ! unusual means employ$4 7,names & addresses giv5 "h are fictiti\s47 ,f ! ,new ,york ,_w3 ,james ,wilson1 ag$ sev5ty1 a photograph]1 committ$ suicide by dr[n+ himself ye/]day aft]noon 9 a tank 9 8 /udio at ,no4 #ag ,blank /reet4 ,wilson liv$ at ,no4 #faf ,r /reet & 0 9 ! photograph bus9ess ) 8 son4 ,! /udio is on ! ?ird floor & consi/s ( ?ree rooms4 ,wat] leak+ ?r\gh 8 ceil+ ab\t #e o'clock ye/]day aft]noon attract$ ! att5tion ( ,h5ry ,smi?1 :o has a pr9t+ %op on ! floor und]nea? ! /udio4 ,he s5t a workman to inve/igate & :5 ! man return$ & said t ,wilson's door 0 lock$ ,smi? notifi$ ! police4 ,patrolm5 ,/eph5s & ,jones ( ! ,blank ,/reet ,/ation broke op5 ! ,wilson /udio door & 9 ! re> room f\nd wat] runn+ ov] ! sides ( a tank us$ 9 develop+ pictures4 ,?is tank is z9c l9$1 is #b feet wide1 #b feet deep & #d feet long1 & /&s #e feet up f ! floor1 ! upp] edge be+ only #b feet f ! ceil+4 ,inside ?is tank 0 ,wilson's body4 ,wilson 0 #e feet #b in*es tall & weigh$ #bjj p\nds4 ,to rea* ! top ( ! tank he evid5tly /ood on a s9k beside x1 b h[ he manag$ to crawl inside has puzzl$ ! police4 ,fir/1 ?9k+ t ,wilson might h be5 try+ to repair ! tank1 ! police made a se>* = repair+ tools1 b f\nd no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,wilson 0 dress$ 9 8 und]clo?+1 & 8 out] g>m5ts 7 f\nd hang+ on hooks4 ,! tank _h to be *opp$ d[n be=e ! body c\ld be remov$ & tak5 to ! ,morgue4 ,mrs4 ,wilson said la/ night t h] husb& _h act$ que]ly ye/]day & seem$ to be brood+ because a man :om he _h _h 9 8 employ = a numb] ( ye>s 0 to leave him at ! end ( ! week4 ,%e said "o ( _! sons committ$ suicide ab\t sev5 ye>s ago4 7,obs]ve t ! writ] gives concrete details4 ,in/ead ( say+1 vaguely1 t ,wilson1 a l>ge man1 dr[n$ himself 9 a small tank1 he gives ,wilson's height & weight & ! exact dim5sions ( ! tank47 ,,viii4 ,! foll[+ leads %[ h[ /ories h be5 br\ght up to date3 #a4 ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,dec4 #i4--;,colonel ,abe ,slupsky we>s mode/ly to-day ! metaphorical wrea? ( hops t goes ) ! *ampion%ip 9 be] dr9k+4 ,:5 he drank a bottle ( be] 9 ! caf at ,hotel ,jeff]son la/ night x m>k$ ! completion ( a task begun ?irty days ago4 ,e day s9ce !n1 ,sundays includ$1 n9ete5 bottles ( be] prec$$ ! good-night "o4 ,etc4 #b4 ,se>* 9 a sn[/orm fail$ to-day to f9d ! ?ree robb]s :o held up ?ree m5 & /ole ne>ly #bj1jjj 9 ca% & *ecks on ! ,egremont trolley ext5sion ye/]day4 ,! am\nt tak5 0 giv5 out z #aj1jjj1 b ! ,woronoco ,con/ruction ,company /at$ to-day t ye/]day's full pay roll 0 #bj1jjj1 & only a few m5 _h be5 paid (f :5 ! hold-up occurr$4 ,( ?is am\nt ne>ly half 0 9 *ecks4 ,etc4 #c4 ,,belfa/1 ,dec4 #aj4--,political excitem5t is at fev] heat to-day1 foll[+ la/ night's riots t result$ f sev]al ,orangem5 vot+ = ! ,iri% ,nationali/ c&idates4 ,^? s vot+ are be+ call$ traitors & _! h\ses are "u gu>d to-day to prev5t viol5ce be+ done !m4 ,etc4 #d4 ,sev]al hundr$ college boys f ! ,univ]sity ( ,blank crawl$ f ! %eets ?is morn+ ) dry ?roats1 big heads & a univ]sal t5d5cy t[>d 8nev] aga940 ,= la/ night 0 8football night0 & ! college boys 8did ?+s up br[n40 ,etc4 #e4 ,john ,k4 ,smi?1 millionaire brok]1 foll[+ 8 f\r? arre/ 9 a mon? because ( 8 /range antics ) automobiles1 is 9 ! obs]vation w>d ( ! ,city ,hospital p5d+ an exp]t inve/igation z to 8 m5tal condition4 ,smi? 0 arre/$ ye/]day1 etc4 #f4 ,,provid5ce1 ,,ky41 ,nov4 #bf4--;,x is believ$ to-day t ! t5 m5 entomb$ 9 ,m9e ,no4 #c ( ! ,provid5ce ,coal ,company by an explosion are dead4444 ,a w9dy %ot 9 ! m9e ye/]day caus$ a t]rific explosion1 etc4 ,,ix4 ,write a local fire /ory f ! foll[+ notes1 assum+ x is to be pr9t$ 9 an ev5+ pap] 9 a t[n ( ab\t #bj1jjj3 ,home ( ,a4 ,b4 ,smi?1 #fjj ,conv]se av5ue4 ,fire discov]$ at #a ,a4 ,m4 by neighbors return+ f !at]4 ,"o ( !m broke 9 front door ) a /ick ( cord wood & ar\s$ ! family1 :o 7 asleep on ! second floor4 ,fire _h />t$ 9 ! attic f cross$ electric wires1 & _h burn$ d[n into ! closet 9 ! room occupi$ by ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,smi?4 ,op5+ ! closet to get "s clo?+1 ,smi? 0 driv5 back by flames4 ,8 wife fa9t$ & he c>ri$ h] out4 ,8 h&s & face 7 slightly burn$4 ,two *ildr51 girls1 #h & #e1 7 c>ri$ out by neighbors4 ,! h\se1 two-/ory frame1 burn$ rapidly4 ,only a "p ( ! furniture on fir/ floor 0 sav$4 ,loss ab\t #aj1jjj1 cov]$ by insurance4 ,:ole build+ 0 ablaze :5 ! firem5 arriv$4 ,smi? is ca%i] ( ! ,second ,national ,bank4 ,man :o broke 9 door1 ,a4 ,l4 ,jones1 a groc]1 #fjd ,conv]se av5ue4 ,x4 ,assum+ t ! dea? ( ,s5ator ,clay 7see ,no4 ,,iv7 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! morn+ pap]s1 rewrite ! /ory 9 #aej words = an ev5+ pap]4 ,,xi4 ,cond5se ! /ory ( ,wilson's suicide 7see ,no4 ,,vii7 into a telegraph dispat* ( #aej words4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,correspond5t ,too (t5 ! compla9t aga9/ ! newspap] is t x is s5sation-seek+ & has a pr$ilection = sc&al & unsavory gossip4 ,m5 & wom51 includ+ "s ( em95t rank 9 _! own pr(essions1 al?\gh hav+ only a slight k ( ! mak+ ( a newspap]1 h a habit ( say+ 9 _! ignorance t newspap]s give pref]5ce to crime1 divorce & sc&al4 ,x is ev5 add$ t x is impossible to get :olesome news into a newspap]4 ,?is op9ion is wrong4 ,x n only does inju/ice to mo/ newspap]s1 b1 9 a measure1 x (f]s insult to ! read]s ( ^? newspap]s4 ,z a g5]al ?+ newspap]s give pref]5ce to only "o ?+--news4 ,b news is news only :5 x relates to some?+ ( pres5t int]e/ 9 an int]e/+ way4--,f an editorial 9 ! ,wa%+ton 7,d4 ,c47 ,times4 ,9 addition to gett+ ! s]vice ( "o ( ! big news ga!r+ organizations1 su* z ! ,associat$ ,press1 & ma9ta9+ correspond5ts 9 ! lead+ cities ( ! c\ntry1 ! metropolitan newspap] receives a va/ am\nt ( mat]ial f special correspond5ts 9 ! cities & t[ns 9 its imm$iate t]ritory4 ,by imm$iate t]ritory is meant ^? /ates 9 :i* ! mail edition ( ! pap] has its greate/ circulation4 ,*icago pap]s1 = example1 circulate n only 9 ,ill9ois1 b rea* into ,wiscons91 ,i[a1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan & p>ts ( ,miss\ri1 ,ohio & ,m9nesota4 ,/4 ,l\is & ,kansas ,city pap]s h a broad field 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,! newspap]'s function is to give all ! important news ( ! nation & ! _w1 & to give besides ! special news ( t section ( ! c\ntry :i* x s]ves4 ,x is to ! end t news )9 ?is t]ritory may be cov]$1 or cov]$ m fully ?an x w\ld be by a national news ga!r+ organization1 t ! pap] ma9ta9s a corps ( special correspond5ts4 ,a special correspond5t is 9 effect an out-(-t[n report] = ! pap] he repres5ts1 work+ "u ! direction ( ! telegraph editor j z ! local report] works "u ! city editor4 ,! only diff]5ce is t he is n 9 z close t\* ) 8 *ief z ! local man4 ,?\gh n[ & !n he may get a def9ite assignm5t by wire1 he works l>gely on 8 own initiative4 ,?is is add$ reason :y he %\ld cultivate a 8nose = news0 & ! art ( writ+ news4 ,a mi/ake made by wire is usually h>d] to correct ?an a mi/ake made 9 ! (fice4 ,"t is lo/ & unnecess>y exp5se incurr$ if ! correspond5t s5ds 9 a slip%od /ory ab\t :i* ! (fice has to ask que/ions4 ,! correspond5t is z mu* an ag5t ( ! pap] z ! local report]4 ,he is responsible = all ! news 9 a giv5 t]ritory1 & if wide-awake & effici5t he c d mu* t[>d increas+ ! pre/ige ( 8 pap] 9 8 community4 ,,writ+ ,,= ,,! ,,wire ,! g5]al rules t gov]n all news writ+ apply ) equal or great] =ce to ! telegraph /ory4 ,s f> f tak+ an unwor?y advantage ( 8 comp>ative fre$om f sup]vision1 ! correspond5t %\ld feel p]haps ev5 m ke5ly ?an ! local report] ! news writ]'s obligation to be absolutely fair & accurate4 ,x goes )\t say+ t he %\ld be concise1 because ! newspap] pays = e ^w t he s5ds ov] ! wire4 ,on ! o!r h& he %\ld nev] sacrifice cle>ness to save a few words4 ,few newspap]s want _! dispat*es skeletoniz$--boil$ d[n1 t is1 by ! omission ( su* words z 8!0 & 8(40 ,if ! dispat* is skeletoniz$ intellig5tly1 ! editor 9 ! (fice c easily supply ! miss+ words1 b mo/ newspap]s consid] t any sav+ effect$ 9 ?is way is m ?an (fset by ! loss ( "t 9 edit+ ! /ory4 ,unless a newspap] specifically /ates t x wants its news 9 skeleton =m1 ! correspond5t %\ld put x on ! wire exactly z he w\ld l to see x 9 pr9t4 ,9 e/imat+ ! value ( 8 /ory to ! pap] he s]ves1 ! correspond5t %\ld nev] let 8 p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! do+s ( 8 own community bias 8 judgm5t4 ,a /ory t is wor? a column ( space 9 8 local pap] may be ( no value :atev] to a pap] publi%$ #ajj miles away4 ,9 8siz+ up0 a /ory let ! correspond5t imag9e himself a /rang]1 9 ! community = ! fir/ "t4 ,:at w\ld be ( int]e/ to him8 ,:at1 9 o!r words1 is ( m ?an purely local conc]n8 ,n ! fact1 surely1 t a new sidewalk is be+ laid on ,elm /reet4 ,t is a matt] 9 :i* ! resid5ts on ,elm /reet1 ,smi?ville1 may be vitally int]e/$1 b x has no news value outside ( ,smi?ville4 ,! correspond5t :o makes a newspap] pay tolls on trivial items is c]ta9 to get a p]emptory ord] to /op s5d+1 & if he is n an au?oriz$ correspond5t1 ! telegraph tolls may be *>g$ back to him4 ,no newspap] wor?y ( ! "n w kn[+ly pr9t fake /ories4 ,if = no o!r reason ?an self-int]e/1 ! correspond5t %\ld hew close to ! n>r[ l9e ( tru?1 = ! fak] _c hope long to escape detection & dismissal4 ,nei!r %\ld ! correspond5t try to w9 favor by ins]t+ 9 8 /ories 8puffs0 ( p]sons to :om he feels indebt$ = in=mation4 ,! writ] :o seeks to use ! columns ( a newspap] = p]sonal ends is unfai?ful to ! tru/ repos$ 9 him z ! newspap]'s ag5t4 ,newspap]s are 9 ! bus9ess ( buy+ & sell+ news4 ,!y want ! facts t are news--& ! facts only4 ,,"s ,,pitfalls ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ 8,rememb]10 ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald tells its correspond5ts 9 a pamphlet ( in/ructions1 8t :ile news is always tru?1 ! tru? is n always news40 ,ess5tially ! same w>n+ is giv5 by o!r newspap]s4 ,:ile x applies p>tly to matt]s ( trivial importance1 x is int5d$ *iefly to put ! correspond5t on 8 gu>d aga9/ /ories t are =bidd5 by good ta/e or dec5cy4 ,:5 a gossipy individual approa*es a correspond5t & :isp]s t he has some?+ 8t w make good read+10 ! *ances are he w tell some?+ t no reputable newspap] w\ld pr9t4 ,! writ] %\ld bew>e ( malici\s gossip & unf\nd$ rumors4 ,?+s t are m]ely rumor$ are n news4 ,no newspap] c>es to give space to libel\s matt] & no newspap] t is edit$ on "r pr9ciples w int5tionally pr9t any?+ t w injure ! reputation ( an innoc5t p]son4 ,! ,record-,h]ald ?us /ates "s ( ! pitfalls t are to be avoid$3 8,if ,john ,smi? leaves t[n & ,mrs4 ,jones prec$es or foll[s him1 !reby caus+ local sc&almong]s to intimate t !y h elop$1 don't s5d x2 ! *ances are t ! gossip is false1 & 9 no way c a correspond5t d m irrep>able damage4 8,if ,john ,smi? has be5 f9ancially h>d up & sudd5ly disappe>s1 suff]+1 p]haps1 sev]e m5tal /ra91 don't s5d a dispat* t he is an abscond] or an embezzl]4 ,he may be nei!r4 8,or if ,john ,smi? be remov$ f "s position ( tru/1 & 8 employ] has se5 fit to put exp]ts at "w on 8 books1 don't jump to ! conclusion t ,john is a default]1 & don't s5d a dispat* t he is "u suspicion4 ,facts1 n suspicions1 are news4 8,be c>eful nev] to conf\nd ! "n ( ! pla9tiff = t ( ! def5dant1 or vice v]sa2 nor ! "n ( a p]son mak+ an arre/ = t ( ! p]son arre/$2 nor ! "n ( a lawy] = t ( ! cli5t :om he is def5d+--9 %ort1 rememb] t x is repreh5sible1 if n actually libel\s1 to accuse any p]son ( any?+ t "s o!r p]son /&s accus$ (4 8,nev] draw conclusions adv]se to conduct or "*2 nev] comm5t ^u ! facts4 ,let ! facts !mselves tell ! :ole /ory4 8,c>efully scrut9ize & consid] any c\rt news affect+ bus9ess /&+s or bus9ess transactions4 ,ex p>te /atem5ts fil$ 9 c\rt are always "o-sid$1 sometimes malici\s1 & may be libel\s4 ,n infrequ5tly su* /atem5ts are fil$ 9 ! hope t !y w f9d _! way into pr9t & ?us damage ! cr$it or reputation ( ! p]son assail$4 ,! fact t su* a /atem5t or petition has be5 fil$ does n necess>ily ju/ify publication4 8,be w>y at all times ( /ories affect+ ! pr(essional repute ( doctors1 lawy]s1 prea*]s & memb]s ( o!r pr(essions l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! e/eem 9 :i* !y are held4 8,%un1 :5ev] x is possible1 all /ories affect+ ! *>act]s ( wom540 ,,:at ,,n ,,to ,,s5d ,"h are "s ( ! ?+s t mo/ newspap]s include 9 _! li/s ( :at n to s5d3 #a4 ,trivial accid5ts1 su* z ! break+ ( an arm or leg by ma*9]y1 unless ! p]son hurt is ( wide prom95ce4 #b4 ,insignificant robb]ies or burgl>ies4 #c4 ,murd]s 9 :i* ! p]sons conc]n$ are obscure or 9 :i* !re is no elem5t ( my/]y4 #d4 ,unm5tionable (f5ses1 brea* ( promise1 ab&onm5t & simil> cases4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! circum/ances are v unusual1 s5d ! facts gu>d$ly1 b only ! facts t c be v]ifi$ ?r\gh judicial proce$+s4 8,su* /ories10 ! ,*icago ,tribune adds1 8%\ld be h&l$ ) extreme c>e4 ,:]e lyn*+ or attempts to lyn* foll[ assaults1 t fact %\ld be bullet9$ imm$iately40 #e4 ,daily acc\nts ( trials1 murd] or o!rwise1 unless specifically ord]$4 #f4 ,puffs ( individuals1 hotels1 etc41 or any o!r =m ( free adv]tis+4 ,no press ag5t /ories are want$4 #g4 ,obitu>ies ( obscure p]sons4 #h4 ,m>riages1 unless ! p]sons are prom95t1 9 :i* case notice %\ld be s5t 9 advance by mail4 #i4 ,ord9>y damage suits4 #aj4 ,/orm news1 unless !re is loss ( life or great prop]ty damage4 #aa4 ,condition ( crops1 except 9 case ( ra91 fro/ or dr\ght at critical times4 #ab4 ,ord9>y bus9ess transactions4 #ac4 ,meet+s ( secret societies1 except /ate or national meet+s4 #ad4 ,acc\nts ( c\nty fairs or picnics1 unless ord]$4 #ae4 ,ab/racts ( s]mons1 unless !y conta9 "s /rik+ news feature4 #af4 ,reports ( celebrations1 unless p]sons ( /ate or national prom95ce att5d1 or ( ! g5]al obs]vance ( ,*ri/mas1 ,new ,ye>'s or ! ,f\r? ( ,july4 #ag4 ,/ories ( freaks or mon/rosities1 su* z ?ree-legg$ *ick5s4 #ah4 ,s*ool comm5cem5ts1 meet+s ( tea*]s' in/itutes1 m$ical societies1 f>m]s' alliances & ! l1 9 :i* ! int]e/ is purely local4 #ai4 ,int]views ) 8a well-kn[n citiz510 8a prom95t (ficial0 or any o!r anonym\s individual4 #bj4 ,!atrical notices1 unless !y conta9 "s real news feature4 #ba4 ,political spee*es or gossip1 unless ord]$4 #bb4 ,fatal accid5ts to tra9m5 or obscure p]sons1 except :]e !re are two or m fatalities4 ,?is li/1 :ile n exhau/ive1 gives a g5]al idea ( :at is to be avoid$4 ,no set ( rules c\ld be drawn up to cov] e case ) :i* ! correspond5t has to deal4 ,to equip himself to give ! be/ s]vice he %\ld n only le>n ! g5]al pr9ciples ( news writ+1 b %\ld /udy ! columns ( ! newspap] he repres5ts to f9d out its p>ticul> ne$s4 ,he %\ld rememb]1 too1 t no rule is iron-clad4 ,a /ory fall+ "u any head ( ! =ego+ classification may possess "s extraord9>y feature t w make x wor? pr9t+4 ,9 t case ! correspond5t %\ld be c>eful to build 8 /ory ar\nd ! unusual "p4 ,mo/ newspap]s rely on a news ga!r+ organization = /ories ( railroad wrecks1 big fires1 floods & ! l4 ,! correspond5t %\ld nev] duplicate a /ory ( ?is k9d t he kn[s w rea* ! newspap] ?r\gh ano!r *annel 9 "t = publication4 ,if1 h[ev]1 an ev5t is ( unusually grave importance1 or if x happ5s at a late h\r1 ! *ances are t a special dispat* w be requir$1 & ! correspond5t %\ld s5d a bullet9 ( ! facts imm$iately4 ,al]tness 9 furni%+ bullet9s ( important news is always appreciat$4 ,! correspond5t %\ld nev] "u any circum/ances duplicate a /ory to two newspap]s 9 ! same city4 ,,:at ,,to ,,s5d ,a c>eful read+ ( a li/ ( 8,don'ts0 w give ! correspond5t a fair idea ( :at ! newspap] does want4 ,9 addition he %\ld rememb] t ne>ly e newspap] has a hobby--a fondness = a c]ta9 class ( news ( :i* x makes a specialty4 ,?is hobby may be ! ga!r+ ( news t w help along ! cause ( good roads1 or /ati/ics ( ,f\r? ( ,july accid5ts1 or sport+ news2 :atev] x is1 ! correspond5t c make x a s\rce ( pr(it4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,enquir]1 = example1 is p>ticul>ly insi/5t t its correspond5ts keep x in=m$ reg>d+ sport+ ev5ts4 ,! ,*icago ,tribune includes 9 its book ( in/ructions a li/ ( 8,tribune ,specialties40 ,^! are3 ,unique /ati/ics4 ,cig>et /ories1 legal1 legislative1 dea?s1 insanity1 etc4 ,animal /ories--by mail4 ,unique hunt+ & fi%+ /ories--by mail4 ,int]e/+ p]sonalities ab\t m5 & wom5 9 ! public eye--by mail4 ,odd photographs4 ,sci5tific discov]ies4 ,/ories ( romance--by mail4 ,%ort human-int]e/ /ories1 ?+s t w br+ smiles or te>s to m5 & wom5 ev]y:]e1 are always 9 dem&4 ,x is a p]v]t$ notion t all newspap]s are eag] to get s-call$ sc&al news4 ,! 8clean]0 ! /ory1 ! m likely x is to be pr9t$4 ,= a newspap] publi%$1 say1 9 ,*icago1 ev5ts involv+ resid5ts ( ,*icago h a special value beyond _! ord9>y wor? z news4 ,9 su* cases /reet addresses %\ld always be s5t4 ,advance notices %\ld be s5t by mail ( w$d+s ( prom95t p]sons1 ( com+ elections & political conv5tions ( all p>ties1 & ( all meet+s 9 :i* !re is m ?an local int]e/4 ,if pr$ictions z to ! outcome ( an election are desir$1 g to ! political lead]s2 ! p]sonal op9ions ( ! correspond5t are n want$4 ,/ories ( important bus9ess transactions & movem5ts 9 ! indu/rial _w are ne>ly always acceptable4 ,if ! newspap] y repres5t uses illu/rations1 don't ov]look an opportunity to get good pictures4 ,photographs illu/rat+ important news /ories %\ld be mail$ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t4 ,use special deliv]y /amps & wire ! newspap] t y h mail$ a package :i* w rea* ! city at a c]ta9 "t4 ,,sport+ ,,news ,special in/ructions reg>d+ sport+ matt] are giv5 by _m newspap]s4 ,note ! foll[+3 ,nev] take sides 9 controv]sies4 ,s5d pictures ( ! w9n]s ( important sport+ ev5ts4 ,9 s5d+ summ>ies ( trott+ meet+s1 always obs]ve ! newspap]'s /yle4 ,d n s5d acc\nts ( prize fights betwe5 m5 ( only local reputation1 except 9 case ( dea? or sev]e injury4 ,s5d to ! sport+ editor by mail advance notice ( all important conte/s1 & if possible s5d photographs ( ! fight]s 9 advance4 ,be absolutely sure ( y\r facts be=e /at+ t a record has be5 brok54 ,nev] say t a conte/ is = ! *ampion%ip ( a city1 c\nty or /ate1 or any o!r *ampion%ip1 :5 su* is n ! case4 ,wat* = g5]al news features4 ,= example1 if a spectator is kill$ at a baseball game1 say s at once4 ,nev] bury facts ( g5]al int]e/ "u a /ory t w int]e/ only ^? :o read ! sport+ page4 ,be prompt4 ,! sport+ page z a rule goes to press e>ly1 & /ories are (t5 left out1 especially on ,saturday nights1 because !y rea* ! (fice too late4 ,file /ories ( ,saturday aft]noon ev5ts z soon z possible4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,s5d ,! correspond5t s5ds 8 /ory 9 "o ( ?ree ways--by telegraph1 mail or long-di/ance telephone4 ,practically all news ( imm$iate int]e/ is s5t by telegraph4 ,assume t y are ! correspond5t ( a morn+ newspap] & at #e o'clock 9 ! aft]noon h a /ory ( a fire & panic 9 a !at]1 9 :i* five p]sons 7 kill$ & twelve injur$4 ,y h pl5ty ( "t to s5d :at ! newspap] calls a qu]y--a brief dispat* sett+ =? ! sali5t facts ( ! /ory4 ,ne>ly all newspap]s require _! correspond5ts to file qu]ies on e>ly news4 ,an acceptable qu]y 9 ?is case w\ld be3 8,!at] fire & panic2 five dead2 twelve injur$2 five hundr$40 ,?is means t y are prep>$ to furni% #ejj words on ! /ory4 ,x is unnecess>y to say1 8,d y want ! news80 or 8,h[ mu*80 ,! dispat* 9 itself is a "q4 ,get y\r /ory into %ape to put on ! wire )\t delay if x is ord]$4 ,if x is n want$1 no reply to ! qu]y w be receiv$4 ,assume t ! /ory is ord]$ 9 ?is dispat*3 8,ru% ?ree hundr$ fifty !at] fire40 ,t means t ! correspond5t is to keep 8 /ory )9 #cej words4 ,! fact t a newspap] does n ord] a /ory or ord]s less ?an ! correspond5t (f]s does n necess>ily imply t 8 news judgm5t is que/ion$4 ,/ories t ord9>ily w\ld be us$ may be cr[d$ out by a ru% ( news ( great] importance4 ,"o /ory l t ( ! ,san ,francisco e>?quake & fire w cause ! omission or rigid cond5sation ( news t usually w\ld be 8featur$40 ,sometimes ! correspond5t's /ory is n ord]$ because ! facts are cov]$ 9 ! reports ( a news ga!r+ organization z fully z ! newspap] desires4 ,aft] ! date l9e at ! beg9n+ ( y\r /ory write ! "t ( fil+1 ?us3 8,c5tralia1 ,mo41 ,june #f4--;,fil$ #f3cj ,p4 ,m40 ,?is w enable ! newspap] to fix ! blame if ! dispat* is delay$4 ,9 s5d+ m ?an "o /ory make ea* a sep>ate dispat*1 ) date l9e & signature4 ,= morn+ newspap]s file all day news z e>ly z possible1 b in/ruct ! telegraph op]ator n to s5d until #f ,p4 ,m41 :5 ! night press rate1 :i* is *eap] ?an ! day rate1 goes into effect4 ,promptness is ess5tial4 ,news matt] receiv$ aft] #aa ,p4 ,m4 is likely to be ?r[n away unless ( great importance4 ,nev] write a 8bl9d0 qu]y1 su* z 8prom95t citiz5 kill$0 or 8horrible accid5t40 ,/ate pla9ly & specifically :at y\r news is4 ,x is especially important t ! correspond5t obs]ve ?is rule 9 s5d+ late news ( comp>atively small happ5+s4 ,mu* c be compress$ into a hundr$ words4 ,if x is too late to ord] m1 y\r dispat*--9 ?is case a compress$ news /ory r ?an a qu]y--c be treat$ z complete 9 itself4 ,,h&l+ ,,! ,,big ,,/ory ,! rules t apply to ! s5d+ ( ! e>ly /ory may be waiv$ :5 ! correspond5t has late news ( big1 vital importance4 ,! ma9 ?+ !n is to get ! /ory into ! (fice1 & get x !re z quickly z he c4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,enquir] says3 8,nev] po/pone s5d+ 9 a good piece ( news4 ,get x to u someh[1 no matt] at :at h\r ! ev5t may occur4 ,rememb] t a few words ( an item to-night are wor? m ?an a column ( ! same to-morr[ night40 ,t is a good rule = ! correspond5t4 ,d n delay s5d+ news 9 ! hope t x w be all[$ great] space if y hold x a day4 ,assume t y h ! /ory ( a railroad wreck 9 :i* a doz5 pass5g]s 7 kill$4 ,y are sure ! /ory w be want$4 ,x is #aj o'clock at night4 ,!re is n "t to qu]y & get in/ructions4 ,z soon z possible s5d a brief bullet91 tell+ :at ! news is & ab\t h[ _m words y w h4 ,!n beg9 to s5d ! /ory at once4 ,don't wait until y h complet$ ! /ory be=e h&+ x to ! telegraph op]ator4 ,give him ! lead & write ! /ory z he works4 ,s5d ! big facts fir/1 !n ! details4 ,write simply & naturally1 )\t padd+4 ,if y _c get to a telegraph wire1 d n hesitate to use ! long-di/ance telephone4 ,h y\r facts well 9 m9d s t y c tell !m )\t an exp5sive wa/e ( "t4 ,a big /ory may be ru%$ into type = ! city edition ( a morn+ newspap] z late z #b3cj o'clock or ev5 lat]4 ,news t is important en\gh to w>rant 8mak+ ov]0 ! fir/ page or ! issuance ( an extra edition is available up to #d or #e o'clock4 ,ev5+ newspap]s1 z a rule1 are ess5tially local 9 "*1 & h5ce use less special telegraph matt] ?an ^? publi%$ 9 ! morn+4 ,b a big /ory is a big /ory at any h\r ( ! day or night1 & if x develops 9 "t = day publication ! correspond5t ( an ev5+ newspap] %\ld use e ef=t to get x 94 ,! ,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat* says3 8,9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ! morn+--say up to #aj or #aa o'clock--a brief bullet9 on any important news item w be suffici5t2 if ! telegraph editors want m !y w notify y by wire4 ,b aft] t h\r ! ,po/-,dispat* w\ld r h too mu* ( a good ?+ ?an n en\gh4 ,rememb] t ! ,home ,edition--! pr9cipal edition ( ! ,po/-,dispat*--is practically clos$ to its correspond5ts at noon4 ,if any?+ ,,big happ5s 9 y\r locality ab\t t "t1 ru% x to ! ,po/-,dispat* )\t any prelim9>y notification4 ,d n hesitate to #8take a *ance' at any "t if y believe y h some?+ t ! ,po/-,dispat* w\ld l to "k ab\t40 ,,s5d+ ,,by ,,mail ,feature /ories1 :i* are z int]e/+ at "o "t z ano!r1 obvi\sly %\ld be s5t by mail4 ,to :at ext5t ! correspond5t %\ld use ! mails = matt] ( m imm$iate int]e/ dep5ds some:at on ! in/ructions he receives f 8 (fice4 ,z a rule1 e>ly news matt] = a morn+ newspap] %\ld be s5t by mail if ! correspond5t is sure 8 lett] w rea* ! (fice by #aj o'clock at night4 ,if news ( great importance is mail$1 wire ! (fice to t effect1 tell+ :at tra9 y\r lett] is on4 ,mo/ newspap]s furni% special envelopes to _! correspond5ts = use 9 mail+ /ories4 ,don't hesitate to use a special deliv]y /amp 9 mail+ important news4 ,x is (t5 possible = ! correspond5t to s5d news 9 advance by mail1 to be held until a dispat* is receiv$ f him releas+ ! /ory = publication4 ,a spee* or a report ( :i* ! correspond5t has an advance copy may be h&l$ 9 ?is way to save telegraph tolls & "t4 ,= ! ev5+ pap]1 /ories ( ! late aft]noon or night may be s5t by mail :5 ! correspond5t is c]ta9 !y w rea* ! (fice e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,b an important /ory1 :i* dep5ds = its int]e/ on imm$iate publication1 %\ld nev] be entru/$ to ! mails :5 !re is any likelihood t x w n be receiv$ on "t4 ,9 brief1 ! correspond5t %\ld /rive to get all wor?-:ile news = ! pap] he s]ves & get x to 8 (fice fir/4 ,,g5]al ,,in/ructions ,bel[ are "s g5]al in/ructions t hold good = ! correspond5t ( any newspap]1 9 any t]ritory3 #a4 ,don't s5d m ?an ord]$4 #b4 ,keep ! local telegraph (fice in=m$ ( y\r address & telephone numb]1 s t messages may be deliv]$ to y at any "t4 #c4 ,get a sub/itute to d y\r "w :5 y are tempor>ily abs5t f t[n4 ,h him sign dispat*es ) y\r "n to avoid confusion 9 acc\nts4 #d4 ,make x a po9t to keep on fri5dly t]ms ) ! telegraph op]ators4 ,!y c (t5 be ( great s]vice4 #e4 ,write y\r dispat*es pla9ly4 #f4 ,if possible1 use ! typewrit] 9 prep>+ /ories to be mail$4 #g4 ,nev] s5d lett]s or photographs by express4 ,! express companies deliv] only dur+ ! day4 #h4 ,/udy ! /yle ( ! newspap] y repres5t by comp>+ y\r /ories z s5t ) ! /ories z pr9t$4 #i4 ,spell out r\nd numb]s 9 dispat*es4 #aj4 ,:5 an extract f a spee* or a docum5t is s5t by wire1 indicate ! beg9n+ ( ! quot$ matt] ) ! ^w 8quote0 & ! end ) ! words 8end quote40 #aa4 ,incur any legitimate exp5se 9 gett+ important news & photographs4 ,if possible1 h[ev]1 qu]y ! (fice & get in/ructions be=e do+ s4 ,,paym5t ,! correspond5t is paid on ! basis ( matt] us$4 ,rates v>y1 b ! av]age is #e a column1 usually e/imat$ at #a1ejj words4 ,extra paym5t is all[$ = exclusive news4 ,a few newspap]s require correspond5ts to s5d 9 at ! end ( ea* mon? a 8/r+0 ( _! publi%$ /ories1 b ! majority keep an acc\nt ) ea* correspond5t by means ( cr$it tabs %[+ ! date ( ea* /ory1 ! "n ( ! s5d] & ! numb] ( words4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,copy ,,read+ ,if t *ange occurs 7a return to small] newspap]s7 !re w be an increas$ dem& = ! s]vices ( ! man :o possesses n ! common ability to make a /ory long & diffuse1 b ! r>e tal5t ( mak+ x %ort1 vivid & complete4 ,!re is h>dly a newspap] (fice 9 ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! difficult & admirable art ( compression has n be5 to a great] or less ext5t neglect$ 9 rec5t ye>s4--,f a lecture by ,,h>t ,,lyman1 editor ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune4 ,! copy read]s on a metropolitan newspap] d ! "w t is commonly associat$ ) ! ^w editor3 !y 8blue-p5cil10 or edit1 ! news copy4 ,tradition has equipp$ ! editor ) a blue p5cil & has made x a symbol ( editorial call\sness4 ,9 reality1 ! copy read] is mu* m likely to use a s(t black p5cil ) :i* a ^w may be cut out at a s+le /roke or an illum9at+ ^w ins]t$ 9 broad1 unmi/akable *>act]s4 ,! copy read] takes ! /ory z x comes f ! report] & puts x ?r\gh a ref9+ process4 ,8 "w is critical r ?an creative4 ,x is de/ructive s f> z errors ( gramm>1 violations ( news /yle & libel are conc]n$4 ,b if 8 s5se ( news is ke51 z t ( e copy read] %\ld be1 he w f9d abundant opportunity = some?+ m ?an me*anical deletion & int]l9eation4 ,he may ins]t a t]se bit ( explanation to cle> away obscurity or may add a piquant t\* t w r$eem a /ory f dullness4 ,to ! degree t he edits news ) sympa?y & und]/&+1 ) a cle> p]ception ( news values1 8 "w may be reg>d$ z creative4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he conceives x 8 duty to r$uce all writ+ to a dead level ( m$iocrity1 if 8 ideal ( edit+ is m]ely to wage w> on ! split inf9itive & sub/itute 8obta90 = 8secure10 no matt] :at ! s5se1 he ri*ly des]ves ! epi!t t is c]ta9 to be hurl$ at ! copy read] by ! report] ^: f9e phrases h be5 cut out--he is 9 tru? a 8but*]0 ( copy4 ,,qualifications ,,= ,,! ,,"w ,! effici5t copy read] has a good work+ k ( ! ,engli% language2 he has a highly develop$ s5se ( news2 he kn[s ! /yle ( 8 pap]2 he is cont5t ) no?+ %ort ( accuracy4 ,to write headl9es1 he mu/ h prim>ily ! knack ( putt+ ! gi/ ( a /ory into a few %ort1 simple words4 ,) all ^! qualifications he may yet fail if he is n able1 :5 occasion dem&s1 to "w swiftly4 ,x foll[s t he %\ld keep 9 t\* ) curr5t affairs & %\ld lose no opportunity to add to 8 /ock ( k ( ! city 9 :i* he works4 ,! "n ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ! late/ developm5t 9 a fam\s w case1 :e!r a ?or\ghf>e is a /reet or an av5ue1 ! initials ( ! c\nty record]--all su* details c be f\nd 9 ! files ( ! newspap] or 9 ref]5ce books1 b ! copy read] c save valuable "t if he has !m fil$ away 9 8 memory4 ,new words are con/antly com+ into g5]al use & new ideas are dem&+ expression4 ,! copy read] mu/ keep abrea/ ( ! big movem5ts 9 sci5ce1 9 politics1 9 all ! fields f :i* news /ories are drawn4 ,! "r attitude t[>d 8 "w 0 %[n by a copy read] :o1 :5 balloon+ fir/ gave evid5ce ( becom+ a popul> sport1 w5t to ! public libr>y & look$ 9 ! index = 8aronautics40 ,he got ! be/ book he c\ld f9d on ! subject & /udi$ x4 ,he le>n$ ! pr9ciples ( balloon+ & its special vocabul>y & :5 /ories ( ! new sport began to come to him1 he 0 able to 8blue-p5cil0 ! copy intellig5tly4 ,,organization ,,( ,,copy ,,read]s ,! numb] ( copy read]s dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! size ( ! newspap]4 ,small-city pap]s may h no m5 employ$ solely = ?is "w4 ,on ! l>g] pap]s ! /aff ( copy read]s av]ages p]haps six or sev51 :ile "s (fices use z _m z a doz5 or m4 ,^! m5 are said to comprise ! 8copy desk10 & all news copy1 9 !ory at lea/1 passes ?r\gh _! h&s4 ,on "s pap]s ! /aff is divid$1 "p read+ telegraph copy "u ! telegraph editor & "p work+ 9 ! local room "u ! city editor4 ,o!r (fices h adopt$ ! new] plan ( ! comb9$ desk1 :]e bo? telegraph & local copy is read4 ,?is desk is 9 *>ge ( a head copy read]1 :o apportions ! copy among ! read]s1 passes on _! "w aft] x is f9i%$1 & 9 g5]al keeps ?+s mov+4 ,! head copy read] is 9 effect a news editor or an assi/ant news editor4 ,x is 8 duty to see t nei!r ! local nor ! telegraph dep>tm5t 8plays up0 its /ories unduly1 b t ea* /ory1 :atev] its s\rce1 is rat$ at its true value 9 relation to ! o!r news ( ! day4 ,,edit+ ,,! ,,/ory ,! "w ( ! copy read] is tw(old3 7#a7 to edit ! copy & 7#b7 to write ! head4 ,only ! fir/ ( ^! functions w be discuss$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,9 brief1 ! copy read] %\ld hew & poli% ! /ory to exactly ! =m 9 :i* x %\ld appe> 9 pr9t4 ,he is a skill$ workman1 employ$ to trim away ! r\gh edges4 ,by ?is x is n meant t ! copy read] is expect$ to give ! /ory ! grace & elegance ( lit]ature4 ,he %\ld give x1 if x has n already1 grammatical exactness1 fre$om f ambiguity1 & ! =ce t goes ) direct1 simple /atem5t ( fact4 ,?is is ! gr\ndwork ( ! copy read]'s task--to make ! /ory correct 9 =m z 9 fact4 ,less obvi\sly1 he mu/ make ! /ory con=m to /yle--n only to ! g5]al laws ( news writ+1 b to ! special1 arbitr>y /yle ( ! newspap] = :i* x is writt54 ,e good newspap] has an individuality1 express$ p>tly 9 :at is r vaguely t]m$ its /yle4 ,! g5]al /yle ( a newspap]1 its habitual attitude t[>d news1 c be le>n$ only by close obs]vation ( its columns4 ,specific rules1 h[ev]1 are laid d[n to cov] ! m me*anical aspects ( /yle1 su* z punctuation & capitalization4 ,no two newspap]s agree 9 all ! details ( /yle4 ,9 giv+ an address1 = example1 ! ^w 8/reet0 may be pr9t$ ,/41 ,/reet or /reet4 ,capital lett]s are us$ sp>+ly by "s pap]s1 lib]ally by o!rs4 ,ages may be spell$ out1 z eighty-"o ye>s old1 or ! figures1 #ha1 may be us$4 ,/yle det]m9es ! me?od ( giv+ titles3 x may be 8! ,rev4 ,william ,jones0 9 "o newspap]1 8! ,rev]5d ,william ,jones0 9 ano!r & 8,rev4 ,william ,jones0 9 a ?ird4 8,program0 or 8programme0 may be ! =m requir$4 ,all su* rules1 :i* ! newspap] makes 9 ord] to get uni=mity1 are usually embodi$ 9 a /yle-book1 issu$ = ! guidance ( bo? ! editorial & ! me*anical dep>tm5t4 ,compositors1 z a rule1 foll[ /yle z reg>ds capitalization & l details1 no matt] h[ ! copy is m>k$1 unless ! specific direction 8foll[ copy0 appe>s 9 ! m>g94 ,pro(read]s1 too1 are in/ruct$ to obs]ve /yle4 ,x is always desirable1 h[ev]1 t copy :5 s5t to ! pr9t] %\ld be correct 9 e detail4 ,! l9otype op]ator loses "t if he is compell$ to read ahead to supply a miss+ ^w4 ,mi/akes t get into type are m>k$ by ! pro(read]s & correct$1 b all ?is takes "t & increases ! co/ ( composition4 ,! ideal piece ( copy has e ^w & e punctuation m>k correct4 ,?is is ! /&>d1 z reg>ds me*anics1 t[>d :i* ! copy read] %\ld /rive4 ,sometimes1 :5 he is work+ "u pressure1 he may f9d x impossible to correct any except ! gl>+ mi/akes4 ,"h ent]s ! factor ( "t4 ,:5 a big /ory comes into ! (fice only a few m9utes be=e "t = go+ to press1 ! copy read] _c af=d to hesitate ov] a misplac$ comma2 8 fir/ conc]n is to get ! /ory to ! pr9t]s1 ) ! facts /raight4 ,incid5tally1 x is a good g5]al rule t ! copy read] %\ld n make a *ange 9 a m9or detail ( /yle unless he is sure he is "r4 ,:5 9 d\bt ab\t a comma1 omit4 ,j :at is meant by /yle may be se5 f ! foll[+ extracts reg>d+ ! use ( figures f newspap] /yle-books3 8,:5 an indef9ite sum is m5tion$1 d n put 9 figures1 z a doll>1 ab\t a hundr$ doll>s1 a million doll>s1 millions ( doll>s1 etc40--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 8,:5 figures are giv5 9 r\nd numb]s1 say #a million doll>s in/ead ( #a1jjj1jjj2 also million = #bej1jjj2 million = #ejj1jjj2 million = #gej1jjj4 ,also #8,! att5dance 0 t5 ?\s&'2 b #8,! att5dance 0 #aj1cge4'0--,kansas ,city ,/>4 ,,rules ,,ab\t ,,libel ,only at ! price ( et]nal vigilance on ! "p ( report]s & editors c libel\s matt] be kept out ( ! newspap]4 ,no item is too small to conta9 a pot5tial libel suit2 inde$ x is ! small items t mo/ frequ5tly cause tr\ble4 ,r\t9e items1 especially ^? f police s\rces1 %\ld be wat*$ c>efully4 ,a /ory ( consid]able l5g? t appe>s dang]\s is always closely edit$1 b too (t5 m9or /ories1 because ( _! v insignificance1 are all[$ to slip by ! copy desk & into pr9t )\t ?\ght ( _! mis*ief-mak+ possibilities4 ,a ve/-pocket c>d conta9+ libel w>n+s & head$ 8,look at ,?is ,e ,day10 is giv5 by ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republic to ea* ( its copy read]s4 ,fir/ is ?is note3 8,editors & report]s %\ld nev] =get t no news article is valuable en\gh to comp5sate = a libel suit4 ,take no *ances4 ,:5 9 d\bt1 consult ! head ( y\r dep>tm5t40 ,! rules :i* foll[ are a good summ>y ( ! ma9 facts ab\t libel t ! copy read] ne$s to rememb]3 8#a4 ,heads are dang] po9ts4 ,nev] make 9 a head a damag+ ass]tion :i* is n borne out fully 9 ! text4 ,qualify 9 bo? to be sure4 8#b4 ,make no ass]tions aga9/ any p]son's conduct or "* unless y are ready to supply complete legal evid5ce4 8#c4 ,d n draw conclusions adv]se to conduct or "*4 ,nev] leave ! pla9 facts4 ,let ! facts tell ! :ole /ory4 8#d4 ,be sure ! wrong p]son is n made to appe>4 ,?is is (t5 done1 ei!r by slips 9 writ+ names or mi/akes ab\t id5tity ( p]sons involv$4 ,get e "n absolutely "r4 8#e4 ,be c>eful ab\t us+ names giv5 by unkn[n p]sons4 ,x is a common practice = crim9als & o!r del9qu5ts to assume ! names ( respectable p]sons4 ,dang]\s ,gr\nd 8#a4 ,c\rt ,reports4 ,any c\rt news affect+ bus9ess /&+ or bus9ess transactions4 ,wat* names4 ,be c>eful ab\t report+ bus9ess failures or emb>rassm5ts4 8#b4 ,/ories affect+ pr(essional repute ( doctors1 lawy]s1 prea*]s & o!r pr(essions dep5d5t ^u p]sonal e/eem4 8#c4 ,/ories affect+ ! "* ( wom54 ,use no epi!ts or adjectives unnecess>ily4 ,nev] on he>say connect a woman ) a detrim5tal action4 ,wat* names4 8#d4 ,/atem5ts f "o side4 ,?is includes petitions 9 law cases4 ,nev] base an ass]tion on ^! ex p>te /atem5ts4 ,get bo? sides or say t x is f "o side & be c>eful ev5 !n4 ,! fact t a petition has be5 fil$ does n necess>ily ju/ify publication40 ,be> 9 m9d1 too1 t a libel\s /atem5t is n excus$ by ! fact t x is quot$4 8,x is said10 8x is report$0 & l expressions scatt]$ ?r\gh a /ory are no def5se aga9/ a suit = damages4 ,! newspap] is responsible = ev]y?+ x pr9ts4 ,avoid ! libel t lurks 9 qualify+ words4 ,a /atem5t o!rwise h>mless may be s color$ ) adjectives & adv]bs express+ disapproval t x w furni% gr\nd = legal action4 ,let ! pla9 facts tell ! /ory4 ,! copy read]--9 fact1 anyone conc]n$ 9 ! prep>ation ( news matt]--w d well to in=m himself ?or\ghly ( ! laws on ?is subject4 ,,! ,,guide ,,l9e ,assume n[ t y are edit+ a /ory to c>ry :at is call$ a top head 7a head us$ only at ! top ( a column74 ,9 ! upp] left-h& corn] ( ! fir/ page ! city editor or ! head copy read] has writt5 a guide l9e nam+ ! /ory & designat+ ! size ( ! head4 ,?is is ! 8slug0 by :i* ! /ory is id5tifi$ 9 all ! processes ?r\gh :i* x passes f ! copy read] into pr9t4 ,! guide l9e1 = example1 8,fire ,no4 #b10 is set 9 caps at ! head ( ! /ory & rema9s !re until ! /ory is plac$1 ) its head1 9 ! position allott$ x by ! make-up editor 9 ! type =ms4 ,any id5tify+ ^w may be us$ to "n a /ory1 b no two /ories %\ld be> ! same 8slug40 ,! guide l9e1 ( c\rse1 is n int5d$ to appe> 9 pr9t1 its purpose be+ m]ely to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! /ory4 ,b z l9es design$ only = (fice in=mation h a way ( slipp+ into ! pap] 9 ! hurry ( mak+ up1 ! copy read] %\ld take c>e1 :5 he 8slugs0 a /ory1 to *oose "s ^w t w n cause emb>rassm5t if publi%$4 ,x is relat$ t a faceti\s copy read] once 8slugg$0 a w$d+ /ory ) a view to furni%+ amusem5t = ! (fice =ce4 ,! next morn+ ! proprietor ( ! newspap]1 :o happ5$ to be p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! w$d+1 & a hundr$ ?\s& or m o!r read]s saw1 betwe5 ! headl9es & ! /ory prop]1 9 bold-face capital lett]s1 ! amaz+ l9e3 8,suicide ,no4 #c40 ,! pr9t] :o made up ! page _h neglect$ to ?r[ away ! guide l9e4 ,s9ce !n ! copy read]s on t pap] h tak5 c>e to 8slug0 /ories discreetly4 ,! text ( ! /ory is put into type on "o or m l9otype ma*9es1 :ile ! top head1 at lea/ "p ( :i* g5]ally mu/ be set by h&1 goes to ano!r dep>tm5t ( ! compos+ room4 ,= ?is reason ! guide l9e t appe>s on ! /ory mu/ be duplicat$ on ! copy = ! head1 9 ord] t no mi/ake may be made 9 assembl+ ! two4 ,a /ory t c>ries a m9or head1 :i* may be writt5 9 ! cle> space left by ! report] at ! top ( ! fir/ page1 ne$ n be 8slugg$0 unless !re is "s special reason = label+ x4 ,! guide l9e is us$ to br+ toge!r all ! /ories t g into "o dep>tm5t4 ,?us all items int5d$ = ! sport+ page are m>k$ 8,sport40 ,sometimes a /ory is to be foll[$ by "o or m relat$ /ories4 ,take = example ! acc\nt ( a widespread flood1 ( :i* reports are receiv$ f sev]al t[ns4 ,! /ory :i* is to come fir/ is m>k$ 8,lead ,flood0 & all o!r items be>+ on ! same g5]al subject are label$ 8,foll[ 7g5]ally abbreviat$ to 8folo07 ,flood40 ,if 8folo0 items are to appe> 9 a set ord]1 !y %\ld be m>k$ 8,fir/ ,folo10 8,second ,folo10 etc4 ,! t]m 8folo0 %\ld n be confus$ ) 8add40 ,an 8add0 to a /ory is tack$ on )\t a break1 :ile a 8folo0 is a sep>ate /ory1 ) its own head4 ,a da% some:at %ort] ?an ! regul> news size is us$ be=e ! 8folo0 & usually ! head is ( a special type to indicate ! dep5d5ce ( ! /ory on :at has gone be=e4 ,9 ! example giv5 above1 8,fire ,no4 #b10 ! num]al %[s ! /yle ( head to be writt54 ,heads are numb]$ or lett]$1 ea* (fice hav+ its own sy/em4 ,usually ! mo/ important head is call$ ,no4 #a or ,a1 ! next ,no4 #b or ,b & s on4 ,a r+ is drawn ar\nd ! guide l9e1 or any o!r direction to ! pr9t]1 to %[ t x is n a "p ( ! text4 ,,m>ks ,,us$ ,,9 ,,edit+ ,hav+ not$ any directions m>k$ on ! /ory1 ! copy read] proce$s to ! bus9ess ( mak+ x ready = publication4 ,) an eye to detect imp]fections1 he goes ?r\gh ! /ory1 add+ a ^w n[ & !n = ! sake ( cle>ness1 attack+ bomba/ & obscurity1 transpos+ misplac$ words & phrases1 p]haps ev5 pick+ up a feature f ! end & putt+ x 9 ! lead4 ,! beg9n+ ( ea* p>agraph is pla9ly indicat$1 ei!r ) ! p>agraph m>k 77 or 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,%ort p>agraphs are favor$ z an aid to ! read]'s eye4 ,seldom is a newspap] p>agraph long] ?an tw5ty l9es1 or ab\t #aej words2 ! cons]vative ,spr+field 7,mass47 ,republican sets a limit ( #djj words4 ,foll[ ! /yle ( ! newspap] 9 ?is respect4 ,:5 sev]al words are cut out ( copy1 x is a good practice to bridge ! gap ) a curv+ l9e connect+ ! ends ( ! matt] :i* is left /&+4 ,by foll[+ ?is l9e ) 8 eye1 ! compositor is enabl$ to skip rapidly ov] ! omitt$ portion4 ,nev] leave a s+le ^w /&+ m>oon$ ) a long deletion on ea* side4 ,scrat* out ! ^w & rewrite x at ! beg9n+ or ! end ( ! erasure1 :]e !re is no *ance t ! type-sett] w ov]look x4 ,illu/ration3 ,specim5 ,page ( ,edit$ ,copy4 ,use ! c>et m>k 77 to d5ote an ins]tion4 ,?ree horizontal l9es drawn "u a small lett] indicates x is to be set z a capital2 a diagonal l9e ?r\gh a capital f left to "r makes x a small lett]4 ,a r+ ar\nd an abbreviat$ ^w means x is to be spell$ out4 ,b if !re is any dang] ( misund]/&+ 7z 9 ! case ( 8,co410 :i* may /& = c\nty or company71 write out ! ^w z y desire x set4 ,vice v]sa1 a r+ may be drawn ar\nd a complete ^w to %[ x is to be abbreviat$4 ,to make ! p]iod pla9 x may be encircl$1 or a small cross 7x7 may be us$ in/ead4 ,an inv]t$ c>et m>k 7v7 is sometimes drawn "u an apo/rophe to di/+ui% x f ! comma4 ,! same me?od may be us$ to make quotation m>ks /& out pla9ly4 ,two %ort p>allel m>ks are us$ = a hyph5 & a s+le long] l9e = a da%4 ,transposition is d5ot$ by l9es z illu/rat$ 9 ! cut4 ,to run two p>agraphs toge!r draw a 8run-90 l9e f ! end ( ! fir/ to ! beg9n+ ( ! second p>agraph4 ,:5 a page ends on a s5t5ce b n on a p>agraph1 draw a diagonal l9e f ! la/ ^w to ! l[] "r-h& corn] & a l9e on ! next page f ! upp] left-h& corn] to ! fir/ ^w4 ,make ! p>agraph sign at ! end ( a page :5 x closes ) a p>agraph4 ,nev] write up & d[n ! page 9 ! m>g94 ,if :at y h to ins]t _c be writt5 betwe5 ! l9es1 put x on ano!r piece ( pap] & pa/e x 9 ! copy at ! prop] place4 ,l9es writt5 ! v]tical l5g? ( ! page are sure to make tr\ble = ! copy cutt]1 :o cuts ! copy into small 8takes0 = ! l9otype ma*9es4 ,! op]ator1 too1 is bo!r$ by hav+ to /op & turn ! page s he c read x4 ,see t ! pages are numb]$ & t ! /ory is clos$ ) an end-m>k4 ,any m>k t pla9ly d5otes ! end w answ] ! purpose4 ,"s ( ! symbols us$ are 8#cj0 enclos$ 9 a circle1 a cross made ( p>allel l9es & a m>k l ! lett] ,h4 ,a common error 9 copy read+ is ! omission ( quotation m>ks at ! end ( quot$ matt]2 be c>eful on ?is po9t4 ,9 g5]al1 copy %\ld be m>k$ ) a view to simplify+ ! "w ( ! pr9t] z mu* z possible4 ,too _m m>ks are worse ?an too few4 ,nev] put ! pr9t]'s +5uity to ! te/ by an intricate maze ( l9es to indicate a transposition2 if !re is any *ance ( confusion1 cross out & rewrite4 ,neatness 9 copy is desirable1 b x %\ld nev] be all[$ to /& 9 ! way ( mak+ ! int5t ( ! writ] p]fectly cle>4 ,any?+ to be omitt$ %\ld be cross$ out s unmi/akably t !re w be no possibility ( its be+ set4 ,be equally c>eful n to cross out too mu*4 ,,additions ,,& ,,ins]tions ,n all /ories come to ! copy read] complet$4 ,z press "t draws ne>1 important /ories are tak5 f ! report]s page by page & ru%$ to ! compos+ room4 ,no confusion ne$ result if ! copy read] m>ks ea* piece prop]ly4 ,assume t y are h&l+ a late wreck /ory1 :i* is com+ to ! copy desk bit by bit4 ,! fir/ in/allm5t s5t to ! pr9t]s is 8slugg$0 8,lead ,wreck10 or p]haps simply 8,wreck40 ,at ! end be sure to write ! ^w 8m40 ,?is in=ms ! copy cutt]1 :o receives ! copy 9 ! compos+ room1 t ! /ory is /ill runn+4 ,! second in/allm5t %\ld be m>k$ 8,fir/ ,add ,wreck10 ! next 8,second ,add ,wreck0 & s on1 ! ^w 8wreck0 be+ repeat$ ea* "t4 ,at ! end ( ea* in/allm5t up to ! la/ ! ^w 8m0 %\ld be writt5 pla9ly & ! la/ %\ld be clos$ ) an end-m>k4 ,(t5 ! process is some:at complicat$ by ! necessity ( mak+ ins]tions 9 ! /ory4 ,matt] to be ins]t$ is g5]ally lett]$1 z 8,ins]t ,a ,wreck10 8,ins]t ,b ,wreck10 etc4 ,if possible1 ! po9t at :i* ! ins]tion is to be made %\ld be not$ on ! copy1 z 8,ins]t ,a ,wreck aft] fir/ p>agraph40 ,o!rwise1 ! place %\ld be designat$ on a pro( %eet4 ,at ! close ( ! 8ins]t10 z ! trade slang has x1 write 8,end ,ins]t40 ,! t]ms 8,a ,copy10 8,b ,copy0 & s on are sometimes us$ to m>k sections ( a /ory :i* are s5t ov] 9 advance ( ! lead4 ,! copy read] !n designates 9 ! lead :]e ^! sections are to be plac$4 ,= example1 he may write at a c]ta9 po9t1 8,"h pick up & ins]t ,b copy10 & at ! end1 8,pick up ,a copy40 ,an 8add0 may be s5t out ) ! guide l9e1 8,add ,fire1 lead to come10 b :5 ! /ory is brok5 up into sev]al p>ts x is simpl] to use lett]s z indicat$4 8,turn rule = add0 is sometimes writt5 at ! end ( a /ory :5 m is expect$4 ,?is means t an inv]t$ rule1 :i* 9 pro( %[s z a heavy black l9e1 is to be plac$ aft] ! /ory to indicate x is incomplete4 ,a /ory is m>k$ 8,head to ,come0 :5 = any reason ! copy = ! head is n s5t to ! compos+ room ) ! text4 ,a /ory int5d$ = publication 9 a c]ta9 edition is s m>k$1 z 8,fir/ ,edition10 8,ru% = ,home ,edition10 8,up-,/ate ,edition40 ,(t5 a /ory is br\ght up to date ) a new lead aft] runn+ ?r\gh "o or m editions4 ,?is matt] %\ld be 8slugg$0 8,new ,lead10 & ! *anges m>k$ on a clipp+ ( ! /ory or a pro( %eet4 8,mu/0 on a /ory indicates t "u no circum/ances is x to be kill$4 ,n infrequ5tly ! copy read] keeps two or ev5 ?ree /ories mov+ 9 sections to ! compos+ room at ! same "t4 ,:ile he is wait+ = an 8add0 to a fire /ory1 he may edit ! fir/ in/allm5t ( a dispat* f ,wa%+ton1 prep>e an 8,ins]t ,murd]0 & 9 ! int]vals write heads & take c>e ( sev]al small items4 ,! example is extreme1 b x illu/rates ! condition ( /ress "u :i* ! copy read] (t5 works4 ,to seize & reta9 ! ma9 facts ( a /ory1 s he c write ! head aft] ! copy has left 8 h&s1 he mu/ keep 8 m9d key$ up to ! highe/ not* ( effici5cy4 ,names above all mu/ be closely wat*$4 ,a mom5t's w&]+ ( ! att5tion may lead to ! /atem5t 9 a headl9e t ,jones kill$ ,smi?1 :5 9 fact ,smi? kill$ ,jones4 ,pla9ly ! day ( ! irresponsible 8,bohemian0 9 j\rnalism is at an end2 ! mod]n newspap] dem&s cle>-head$1 al]t1 dep5dable workm54 ,,! ,,light] ,,side ,copy read+ has its light] side4 ,gems ( unconsci\s humor come to ! desk ov] ! wire1 ?r\gh ! mails & n[ & !n f ! 8cub0 report]s 9 ! local room4 ,witness ! foll[+1 tak5 v]batim f a /ory t did n get into pr9t3 ,patrolman ,prim ( ,twelf? ,di/rict ,/ation suff]$ two brok5 knuckles ( 8 "r h&1 :5 he /ruck ,*>les ,wilson1 ( ,no4 #bcbd ,b /reet1 ye/]day aft]noon on ! nose4 ,wilson resi/$ arre/ & ! fight foll[$4 ,! latt]'s nose 0 slightly scrat*$1 & is held at ! /ation4 ,a volunte] correspond5t wrote3 ,sneak !aves made away ) ! contribution box ,sunday eavn+ j aft] !re _h be5 a lib]al donation f ! congregation ( "s fifty doll>s at ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,x seams t no "o 0 pa+ eny at5%ion to ! c\ntribution box aft] ! colexion 0 tak54 ,x sett+ 9 easy rea* ( a good _m on ! alt]4 ,! p]son or p]sons t speit$ x away 0 v boald z well z slick1 at eany rate x 0 tak5 :ile ! cong]cation 0 /ill 9 ! h\se4 ,"s say !y ?9k !y "k :o took x & !re w be a clo/ wat* on !m = ! next fiew days4 ,a suburban correspond5t contribut$ ?is3 ,john ,angel1 ! man :o 0 rescu$ f a horrible dea? la/ ,?ursday night by be+ kill$ by a pass5g] tra91 pass+ ov] 8 body1 by ,fr$ ,&]son1 is yet 9 a v s]i\s condition b is some:at improv$ f 8 condition on ,friday4 ,,! ,,copy ,,read]',s ,,s*$ule ,on a pr9t$ =m ! copy read] keeps a record ( all ! /ories he h&les1 giv+ ! "n ( ! writ]1 ! /yle ( head1 ! e/imat$ numb] ( words & ! "t4 ,a sample entry w\ld be3 8,jones--,fire--,no4 #d--bej--h3cj10 mean+ t ,jones1 a report]1 wrote a #bej-^w fire /ory1 :i* ! copy read] s5t to ! pr9t]1 ) a ,no4 #d head1 at #h3cj o'clock4 ,su* a record enables ! editor at any "t to trace an (f5d+ item to its s\rce4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,writ+ ,,! ,,head ,! art ( arts1 ! glory ( expression1 & ! sun%9e ( ! light ( lett]s1 is simplicity4 ,no?+ is bett] ?an simplicity--no?+ c make up = excess or = ! lack ( def9it5ess4--,,walt ,,:itman4 ,newspap]s 9 ,greeley's day 7 judg$ by _! editorials2 to-day !y are judg$ 9 l>ge measure by _! headl9es4 ,big type is associat$ 9 our m9ds ) ! s5sational4 ,! pap] t habitually uses sc>e heads is put d[n z yell[1 :ile ! pap] ) subdu$ heads is reg>d$ z cons]vative 9 its policies4 ,! di/9ction does n always hold good3 a newspap] ) cons]vative heads may be ess5tially yell[] 9 its treatm5t ( news ?an "o :i* spreads a bann] across ! top ( ! fir/ page to cat* ! eye ( ! possible buy] on ! /reet4 ,b z a rule x may safely be said t ! /yle ( heads mirrors 9 a g5]al way ! newspap]'s "*4 ,x w\ld be go+ too f>1 ( c\rse1 to ass]t t yell[ness is 9 direct proportion to ! size ( ! headl9es1 b x is true 9 ! ma9 t small head lett] /&s = cons]vatism & gl>+ type = s-call$ yell[ness1 ) ! av]age ,am]ican newspap] 9 ! middle gr\nd4 ,:e!r or n headl9es are an index to news policy1 !y are "o ( ! mo/ important features ( ! mod]n newspap]4 ,prop]ly writt51 !y enable ! busy read] to grasp quickly all ! ess5tial facts ( ! day's news4 ,! head is no?+ m nor less ?an ! /ory 9 tabloid =m4 7,see ,figure #a47 ,9 ?is x diff]s radically f ! title ( a book or a play1 :i* m]ely sugge/s ! !me4 ,! newspap] head is writt5 to pique & gratify curiosity at ! same "t4 ,,fir/ ,,requisites ,,( ,,! ,,head ,! head is an adv]tisem5t1 & l all good adv]tisem5ts x %\ld be hone/1 hold+ out no promise t ! /ory does n fulfill4 ,x %\ld be bas$ on ! facts z set =? 9 ! /ory & no?+ else4 ,! head writ] is b\nd by ! same rules z ! report]2 nei!r is p]mitt$ to 8editorialize0 or to draw conclusions4 ,if ,smi? is m]ely accus$ ( murd] = kill+ ,jones1 ! fact t space is limit$ does n excuse ! /atem5t t ,smi? murd]$ ,jones4 ,z ! /ory is qualifi$ s %\ld ! head be4 ,a libel\s /atem5t 9 a head is cause = a damage suit1 ev5 :5 ! /ory itself is n libel\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,railway ,,/rike ,,is ,,settl$ ,,by ,,lloyd-,,george 99 99 99 ,*ancellor ( ,ex*equ] ,h]o ( ,brita91 ,eclips+ ,asqui?--,m5 to ,return to ,"w at ,once & ,no ,discrim9ation to ,be ,%[n4 99 99 99 ,,arbitrators ,,are ,,to ,,decide ,,diff]5ces 99 99 99 ,repres5tatives ( ,workm5 & ,employ]s 9 ,equal ,numb]s1 ,) ,imp>tial ,*airman1 to ,h ,supreme ,au?ority4 ,figure #a4--,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat* head4 ,?is =m ( head is well adapt$ to giv+ a synopsis ( a big news /ory4 ,l ! /ory1 ! head %\ld be simple4 ,"h aga9 ! %ort ,anglo-,saxon words are ! be/4 ,inde$1 ! head writ] is put to ! necessity ( us+ %ort words if he w\ld make ! head tell ! /ory4 ,! head is a mosaic4 ,words mu/ be fitt$ into a c]ta9 fix$ space1 9 su* a way t ! mean+ w n be obscur$4 ,?is is ! head writ]'s *ief problem--to meet ! me*anical requirem5ts ( ! head & at ! same "t make ! ?\ght s pla9 t none c fail to und]/&4 7,see ,figure #b47 ,a c>d9al rule ( head writ+ is express$ 9 ! curt injunction3 ,get action into ! head4 ,make ! head a /atem5t ( fact1 n a m]e label4 ,nev] say 8,%ock+ ,accid5t0 or 8,t]rible ,fire10 b tell :at happ5$ z specifically z possible4 ,try to get a v]b 9 ! head1 ei!r express$ or impli$4 ,?is rule1 l all o!rs t h to d ) newspap] "w1 is n to be appli$ lit]ally "u all conditions4 ,exceptions may (t5 be made 9 h&l+ ! feature /ory4 ,b 9 n9e cases out ( t5 ! be/ headl9e is "o t /ates a complete ?\ght 9 ! simple/ possible mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,hotel ,,gue/s ,,may ,,die 99 99 99 ,o!rs ,escape ,w9?rop ,fire 9 ,nightclo!s 99 99 99 ,"s ( ,!m ,suff] f ,slight ,injuries 99 99 99 ,loss ,is #ej1jjj on ,cottage & ,hotel 99 99 99 ,bea* ,section ,?reat5$ & ,bo/on ,gives ,aid ,figure #b4--;,cons]vative type ( head1 f ! ,bo/on ,transcript4 ,notice t ! second l9e ( ea* deck aft] ! fir/ consi/s ( a s+le ^w4 ,,def9it5ess ,z _m ideas z possible %\ld be cramm$ into ! head4 ,h5ce ! omission by mo/ newspap]s ( 8a10 8an0 & 8!10 & ! rule aga9/ repeat+ important words4 ,an article is us$ n[ & !n to fill out a l9e1 b r>ely at ! beg9n+ ( a l9e unless x is "p ( a title4 ,! rule aga9/ ! repetition ( n\ns1 adjectives1 v]bs & adv]bs1 :i* is en=c$ by practically all newspap]s1 n only makes = v>iety 9 ! head1 b insures def9it5ess by compell+ ! copy read] to seek out descriptive words to fit ! idea4 ,= example1 ! top "p ( a head *os5 at r&om reads3 8,graham to ,give ,value = ,taxpay]s' ,money40 ,! second deck says3 8,bank] ,c&idate ,promises to ,apply ,bus9ess ,me?ods to ,(fice if ,he ,is ,elect$ ,mayor40 ,notice t ! "n ,graham is n repeat$1 b t id5tify+ words are us$ in/ead2 he is ! 8bank] c&idate40 ,! head is ?us made m specific & an additional idea is introduc$4 ,! /atem5t t he w 8give value = taxpay]s' money0 is amplifi$ & expla9$ 9 ! s5t5ce foll[+4 ,! copy read]'s +5uity is (t5 put to ! te/ :5 x becomes necess>y to use synonyms 9 ! head to avoid repetition4 ,he %\ld be on 8 gu>d aga9/ us+ int]*angeably words ( simil> mean+4 ,to call a mod]n hotel an inn or a woman a 8memb] ( ! weak] sex0 v]ges on ! ridicul\s4 ,a cat is a cat or an animal1 nev] a 8fel9e40 ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,t5se ,heads are usually writt5 9 ! pres5t t5se unless !y relate to a future ev5t4 7,see ,figure #c47 ,?is is ! hi/orical pres5t1 us$ in/ead ( ! pa/ t5se = ! sake ( great] vividness4 8,defies ,8 ,accus]s0 drives home ! rec5cy ( ! occurr5ce4 ,! read] feels t he is gett+ some?+ new4 8,presid5t ,speaks at ,albany0 means t ! ,presid5t has j spok51 ei!r on ! day ( publication or ! previ\s day4 ,x is news--! late/ ?+ ! ,presid5t has done t is ( public int]e/4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$ f ?is t ! pa/ t5se is b>r$ f ! head4 ,on ! contr>y !re are occasions :5 x w\ld be absurd to use any?+ else4 ,! copy read] w\ld write1 8,william ,smi? ,dies0 or 8,william ,smi? is ,dead10 b 9 giv+ details ( ! dead man's life x w\ld be manife/ly fooli% to say1 8,is ,born 9 ,miss\ri10 8,is a ,civil ,w> ,vet]an40 ,:ile ! copy read] mu/ obs]ve ! /yle ( ! pap] t employs him1 he is n expect$ to apply any rule slavi%ly 9 defiance ( common s5se4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,,hurt1 #ej ,,r\t$ ,,by ,,blaze ,,9 ,,flats 99 99 99 ,t5ants ( ,ap>tm5t-,h\se ,are ,driv5 to ,/reet 9 ,night ,attire4 99 99 99 ,,boys ,,trapp$ ,,on ,a ,,ro( 99 99 99 ,y\?s ,f9ally ,slide to ,gr\nd on ,ra9 ,pipe--,fire ,loss ,is #be1jjj4 ,figure #c4--;,f\r-deck head f ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald2 a well-balanc$1 typographically neat head built accord+ to a g5]al plan foll[$ by _m newspap]s4 ,! ,kansas ,city ,/> & ,times1 recogniz$ z "o ( ! mo/ c>efully edit$ newspap]s1 af=ds a /rik+ exception to ! g5]al practice ( putt+ ! head 9 ! pres5t t5se & omitt+ ! articles4 ,! ,/> pref]s ! pa/ t5se :5 x c be prop]ly us$ & enc\rages s5t5ces ) all ! articles suppli$4 ,= example3 8,a ,t5nessee ,wreck ,hurt #ba--,two ,coa*es ,7 ,burn$1 b ,sixty ,p]sons ,escap$40 ,mo/ newspap]s w\ld h said3 8,t5nessee ,wreck ,hurts #ba--,two ,coa*es ,are ,burn$ 7or ,burn71 b ,sixty ,p]sons ,escape40 ,)\t argu+ ! relative m]its ( ! two types ( heads1 x is wor? not+ t ! ,/>'s dep>ture f cu/om 9 ?is & o!r respects has giv5 x a di/9ct individuality t no read] c ov]look4 7,see ,figure #d47 ,:i*ev] t5se is us$1 take c>e to make ! head consi/5t ?r\gh\t4 ,don't swit* f ! pres5t to ! pa/1 or vice v]sa1 )\t reason4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,robb]s ,,got #aj4ebc 99 99 99 ,a ,,woman ,,0 ,,! ,,victim ,,( ,,kansas ,,highwaym54 99 99 99 ,money ,int5d$ to ,pay ,(f ! ,m5 ( ! ,%]idan ,coal ,company1 ,ne> ,pittsburg1 ,0 ,tak5--,c\ld ,h ,_h #cj1jjj4 ,figure #d4--,typical ,kansas ,city ,/> head1 us+ ! pa/ t5se4 ,,! ,,me*anics ,,( ,,! ,,head ,! divisions ( a head are kn[n v>i\sly z l9es1 decks or banks4 ,a two-l9e or a two-deck head is "o divid$ into two p>ts by a da%4 ,! ^w 8l9e0 9 ?is s5se means a complete division ( a head1 no matt] :at its l5g? 9 type l9es4 ,! top deck1 :i* is set 9 ! l>ge/ type1 %\ld conta9 ! lead+ feature ( ! /ory4 ,?is is amplifi$ & m9or features are add$ 9 ! o!r p>ts4 ,mo/ pap]s require t ea* division ( a head %all /ate a complete ?\ght1 hav+ a v]b express$ or impli$2 or1 to put ! rule negatively1 t no s5t5ce %all be cont9u$ f "o division into ano!r4 ,! o!r type ( head--! runn+ head--is %[n 9 ?is example f ! ,c9c9nati ,enquir]1 ! da%es indicat+ ! divisional breaks3 8,pomp--,waits on ,humility1--,z ,dignit>ies ( a ,great ,*ur* ,b[ 9 ,pray]4--,impressive ,sc5es ,witness$ at ,music ,hall--,:5 ,episcopal ,tri5nial ,conv5tion ,op5$40 ,all heads are made local 9 _! application4 ,! ^w 8"h0 9 ! head on an out-(-t[n /ory means ! city 9 :i* ! pap] is publi%$1 n ! place :]e ! /ory orig9at$4 ,"t is giv51 9 ! head ) ref]5ce to ! date ( publication4 ,?us a /ory dat$ ,may #i1 is publi%$ 9 ! morn+ pap] ( ,may #aj1 & 8to-day0 9 ! head means ,may #aj4 ,,"s ,,?+s ,,to ,,avoid ,allit]ation occasionally may be us$ ) good effect 9 a head1 b un9t5tional allit]ation--z 8,comm]cial ,club ,consid]s ,clean+ ,contracts0--%\ld be avoid$4 ,slang1 unless apt & timely1 has no great] ju/ification 9 ! head ?an 9 ! /ory4 ,"s newspap]s =bid ! head t asks a "q1 except p]haps on /ories ( a freaki% nature1 on ! !ory t a newspap]'s bus9ess is to in=m1 n to ask que/ions4 ,o!rs p]mit ! que/ion+ head z a means ( qualify+ a /atem5t4 ,?us a report :i* has n be5 v]ifi$ may be head$ ) a l9e foll[$ by an int]rogation po9t1 z 8,revolution 9 ,cuba80 ,?is /yle ( head writ+ may easily be ov]work$4 ,see+ sev]al "q m>ks on ! same page1 ! read] might jump to ! conclusion t he _h bett] subscribe = a pap] t c tell him some?+ in/ead ( "o t appe>s to deal ma9ly 9 rumors4 ,ano!r /yle ( head disc\rag$ or =bidd5 altoge!r by "s pap]s is ! un9t5tional imp]ative4 ,?is is a head beg9n+ ) a v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son plural =m1 :i* may be read z an injunction to d some?+4 8,kill ,?irty ,m50 may be ! head on a /ory ( an insurrection4 ,x means1 ( c\rse1 8,!y ,kill ,?irty ,m510 b ! =m1 :5 ! subject is n express$1 is also ! imp]ative4 ,only a few newspap]s b> ?is head altoge!r1 z !re is seldom any possibility t x w be miscon/ru$4 ,an iron-clad rule =bidd+ x c be ju/ifi$ only on ! gr\nd t ! rule is "p ( a newspap]'s arbitr>y /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,taft ,,up ,,9 ,,! ,,monum5t 99 99 99 ,,presid5t ,,goes ,,sightsee+ ,,9 ,,! ,,capital4 99 99 99 ,rides ,up ! ,tall ,t[] ,along ,) ,"s ,t\ri/s--,!n ,visits ! ,s5ate's ,new ,(fice ,build+ & ,says ,he's ,hav+ ,fun ,l an ,excursioni/4 ,figure #e4--,new ,york ,sun head4 ,! ,sun /yle dem&s t 9 ?is head ! la/ l9e ( ! ?ird deck %all end flu% at ! "r4 ,trite phras+ %\ld be avoid$ 9 ! head :5ev] possible4 8,score0 & 8probe0 & 8rap0 are h&y words = ! copy read] because ( _! brevity & are liable to ov]use4 ,! head t conta9s worn-out expressions or t fails to get any:]e is1 9 ! (fice v]nacul>1 wood54 ,wood5ness is an unp>donable s94 ,try to give ! head a sw+ & an elem5t ( orig9ality4 7,see ,figure #e47 ,avoid negative /atem5ts 9 ! head4 ,tell :at happ5$ r ?an :at didn't happ51 unless a negation is ! feature ( ! /ory4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! active voice is bett] ?an ! passive4 8,jones ,defeats ,smi? = ,mayor0 is pref]able to 8,smi? ,is ,defeat$ by ,jones40 ,avoid ! monotony ( beg9n+ ea* division ( a ?ree or f\r-deck head ) ! same subject4 ,! foll[+ is an extreme example ( ?is fault3 8,%e ,di$ ,to-day--,e/eem$ ,lady ,passes ,away at ,h] ,home ,we/ ( ,city ,?is ,morn+--,%e ,0 #he ,ye>s ( ,age--,%e ,leaves ,five ,*ildr5 & ,?irte5 ,gr&*ildr540 ,an ev5 m gl>+ defect 9 ?is head is ! omission ( ! "n4 ,! read] le>ns only t 8%e0 di$4 ,don't build any "p ( ! head on a fact t is tuck$ away ne> ! end ( ! /ory & h5ce may be prun$ (f 9 mak+ up ! pap]4 ,9 h&l+ a /ory t is likely to be cut d[n betwe5 editions1 base ! head on features well t[>d ! beg9n+ s t ! head w n h to be *ang$4 ,,symmetry ,,& ,,s5se ,ea* head mu/ be writt5 accord+ to a fix$ typographical plan4 ,!re is a def9ite limit to ! numb] ( lett]s & spaces ea* type l9e w conta91 & ! copy read] :o exce$s t limit is sure to be rem9d$1 s>ca/ically1 t 8type isn't made ( rubb]40 8,long heads0--heads t w n fit into ! allott$ space--are a s\rce ( vexation & delay if !y are n repair$ be=e be+ s5t to ! compos+ room4 ,! copy read] %\ld take pa9s to make ea* head fit ! patt]n be=e x leaves 8 h&s4 ,until he has famili>iz$ himself ) ! heads he mu/ write1 he may f9d x conv5i5t to keep at h& a /yle c>d on :i* is pa/$ a sample ( ea* head us$1 ) notations %[+ ! numb] ( lett]s & spaces to be writt5 9 ! diff]5t divisions4 ,ea* type l9e is said to conta9 s _m units1 c\nt+ spaces z well z lett]s4 ,all ! lett]s ( a l9e set 9 8caps0 are "o unit ea*1 except ,i1 :i* is "o-half1 & ,m & ,w1 :i* are "o & "o-half ea*4 ,! l9e1 8,,william ,,smi? ,,dies10 conta9s #ag units 7n c\nt+ ! quotation m>ks74 ,a unit beyond ! usual limit may be cr[d$ into ! l9e by ?9-spac+--t is1 by all[+ less ?an ! regul> space betwe5 words4 ,! same sy/em ( c\nt+ is us$ = a l9e set 9 capitals & small lett]s1 all[ance ( c\rse be+ made = ! great] wid? ( ! capitals4 ,! head %\ld be symmetrical1 b x is n requir$ t x fit ! patt]n ) absolute exactitude4 ,insi/5ce on me*anical p]fection w\ld cause wa/e ( "t & might result 9 hid+ ! mean+4 ,s5se %\ld n be sacrific$ to =m4 ,z betwe5 a me*anically exact head t is n cle> & a head t is less symmetrical b tells ! /ory pla9ly1 ! copy read] %\ld *oose ! latt]4 ,= ea* l9e ( a head !re is a maximum & a m9imum limit1 & if ! copy read] keeps )9 ^! ! head w be z ne> to ! /&>d z c be expect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,too ,,mu* ,,flabby ,,education1 ,,he ,,says 99 99 99 ,presid5t ,s*urman ,talks on ,"* to ,victori\s ,cornell ,crew4 ,figure #f4--,two-deck head consi/+ ( drop l9e 9 caps & pyramid 9 caps & l[] case4 ,figure #f %[s a two-l9e head ) ! top deck set 9 #cj-po9t cond5s$ ,go?ic type & ! second deck 9 #ab-po9t ,wayside4 ,! top deck "h is a drop l9e3 ! s5t5ce drops d[n f "o type l9e into ano!r4 ,! second is call$ a pyramid4 ,9 writ+ su* a head a ^w 9 ! fir/ deck %\ld nev] be divid$4 ,9 ! second deck division is p]missible1 b ! head is bett] if x c be avoid$4 ,fifte5 to sev5te5 units 9 ea* l9e ( ! top deck make a symmetrical head1 :5 bo? l9es are approximately ! same l5g?4 ,9 writ+ ! pyramid ! copy read] aft] a little practice c tell at a glance :e!r a s5t5ce w fit4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to place an indivisible ^w :]e x w cause tr\ble4 ,= example1 if ! fir/ l9e ( a pyramid1 set ) ! usual spac+ betwe5 words1 ends on ! lett] 8m0 9 8,s*midt10 ! ^w mu/ be %ift$ to ! second l9e1 ) ! result t too mu* :ite space appe>s 9 ! fir/4 ,! da% is g5]ally us$ to sep>ate di/9ct ideas 9 ! same deck ( a head4 7,see ,figure #e47 ,v>i\s arbitr>y rules affect+ ! me*anics ( ! head are obs]v$ by diff]5t newspap]s1 & ! copy read] go+ f "o pap] to ano!r is likely to f9d a br& new set ( patt]ns to "w by4 ,^! me*anical details1 h[ev]1 are easily ma/]$ aft] "o has acquir$ ! knack ( putt+ ! /ory into t]se1 meaty s5t5ces4 ,! only way to le>n h[ to write heads1 aft] "o kn[s ! g5]al pr9ciples1 is to write !m4 ,,special ,,k9ds ,,( ,,heads ,ov]l9e4--,head ov] a cut4 ,:5 ! "n appe>s "u a cut 7?is be+ an und]l9e71 x is n repeat$ 9 ! ov]l9e1 :i* mu/ be an id5tify+ s5t5ce4 8,bank] ,:o ,is ,runn+ = ,congress0 & 8,woman ,:o ,%ot at ,burgl> 9 ,h] ,home0 are typical ov]l9es4 ,box ,head4--,head enclos$ 9 a bord]4 ,_m ov]l9es are set 9 ?is way4 ,bann]4--,a headl9e ext5d+ across ! top ( a page4 ,jump or ,run-,ov] ,head4--,head us$ ov] ! cont9uation ( a /ory t runs ov] 7jumps7 f "o page to ano!r4 ,"s newspap]s require a new head = ! jump2 o!rs use ! top deck ( ! orig9al head set 9 small] type4 ,freak ,head4--,special type ( head us$ ov] freaki% news /ories4 7,see ,figure #g47 ,illu/ration3 ,,c',t ,,fix ,,puffs2 ,,sues ,,= #be1jjj4 99 99 99 ,woman's ,%\ld] ,injur$ on ,/reet ,c> & ,%e ,asks ,damages ( ,company4 ,figure #g4--;,freak head f ! ,new ,york ,_w1 set 9 italics to di/+ui% x f o!r news heads4 ,sub-head4--,a head1 usually "o l9e1 plac$ )9 ! text ( ! /ory to avoid ! monotony ( an unbrok5 front ( type4 ,mo/ newspap]s use sub-heads 9 /ories runn+ half a column or m4 8,two sub-heads or none0 is ! rule 9 "s (fices4 ,a sub-head is bas$ on ! p>agraph imm$iately foll[+4 ,,capitalization ,type1 9 ! pr9t]'s v]nacul>1 is upp] case 7capital lett]s7 & l[] case 7small lett]s74 ,a ^w t is capitaliz$ is said to g up4 ,a ^w n capitaliz$ is put d[n4 ,:5 bo? capitals & small lett]s are us$ 9 a l9e1 x is said to be 9 caps & l[] case 7abbreviat$ l4 c474 ,a l9e set 9 capitals is all caps4 ,! g5]al practice is to capitalize all n\ns1 pron\ns1 adjectives1 v]bs1 adv]bs & int]jections 9 ! head1 z 9 ! title ( a book or play4 ,?is is a detail left to ! compositor1 :o is guid$ by ! newspap]'s typographical /yle4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,don',,ts ,,= ,,! ,,news ,,writ] ,a va/ deal ( ! slip%od & prolix /uff :i* we are compell$ to read or to li/5 to is1 ( c\rse1 born ( idl5ess4 ,:51 z s (t5 happ5s1 a man takes an h\r to say :at might h be5 z well or bett] said 9 tw5ty m9utes1 or spreads ov] tw5ty pages :at c\ld easily h be5 exhau/$ 9 t51 ! (f5se 9 a l>ge majority ( cases is due1 n s mu* to vanity1 or to indiff]5ce to ! feel+s ( o!rs1 z to inability or unwill+ness to take pa9s4--,f an address1 8,culture & ,"*10 deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de5 by ! ,,"r ,,honorable ,h4 ,h4 ,,asqui?4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( 8,don'ts0 has be5 compil$ f a consid]able exp]i5ce 9 read+ newspap] copy & 9 direct+ ! "w ( /ud5ts 9 j\rnalism classes4 ,practical application is made ( "s ( ! pr9ciples discuss$ 9 prec$+ *apt]s3 #a4 ,don't ?9k x necess>y to call a *ild a 8tot40 #b4 ,don't hesitate to repeat a "n = ! sake ( cle>ness4 ,too _m p]sonal pron\ns lead to confusion4 #c4 ,don't say a w$d+ 8occurr$40 ,?+s occur unexpect$ly2 !y take place by design4 #d4 ,don't use 8loan0 z a v]b4 ,! v]b is 8l5d40 #e4 ,don't say 8,smi? graduat$10 b 8,smi? 0 graduat$40 ,a s*ool graduates its pupils2 !y are graduat$4 #f4 ,don't say 8a numb] (0 :5 y c avoid x4 ,no?+ c\ld be m vague4 ,try to give ! exact numb] or at lea/ an approximation4 8,sev]al0 is usually bett] ?an 8a numb] (40 #g4 ,don't adv]tise a p>ticul> revolv] or o!r manufactur$ article by nam+ x 9 y\r /ory1 except = special cause1 z :5 ?is in=mation may furni% a clew to a p]son's id5tity4 ,also x is seldom desirable to give ! calib] ( a fire>m4 #h4 ,don't use 8amateur0 :5 y mean 8novice40 ,an amateur is n necess>ily unskill$2 he is simply n a pr(essional4 ,an unskill$ beg9n] is a novice4 #i4 ,don't make ! mi/ake t appe>$ 9 ?is publi%$ headl9e3 8,audi5ce ( #e1jjj ,see ,aroplane ,flight40 ,an audi5ce he>s2 spectators see4 #aj4 ,don't spell 8=w>d10 8backw>d10 8t[>d10 8homew>d0 & simil> words ) a f9al 8s40 #aa4 ,don't use /ories t are n fit = any memb] ( any family to read4 ,if a mob makes su* a demon/ration aga9/ a man accus$ ( crim9al assault t ! /ory has to be cov]$ = t feature1 a m]e h9t w be suffici5t to cov] ! revolt+ "p4--,f ! ,/4 ,l\is ,/> ,/yle-,book4 #ab4 ,don't use 8burgl>ize40 ,! diction>y conta9s no su* ^w4 #ac4 ,don't say 8he _h 8 arm cut (f40 ,t means lit]ally t he got someone to p]=m ! op]ation ( cutt+ (f 8 arm4 ,say1 9 case ( accid5t1 88 arm 0 cut (f40 #ad4 ,don't say 8,smi? su/a9$ an injury40 ,to su/a9 is to be> up4 ,say he 8suff]$ an injury40 #ae4 ,don't use 8ov]0 9 ! s5se ( 8m ?an40 ,say 8m ?an #cjj p]sons he>d ! lecture40 #af4 ,don't use 8p>ty0 = 8p]son40 8,p>ty10 outside ( legal docum5ts1 means a gr\p ( p]sons4 #ag4 ,don't leave out ess5tial words1 tru/+ t ! copy read] w be able to guess :at y mean4 ,! omission ( ! little ^w 8n0 may cause s]i\s tr\ble4 ,:5ev] possible g ov] y\r /ory c>efully be=e turn+ x 94 #ah4 ,don't use a ^w 9 diff]5t s5ses 9 ! same p>agraph4 #ai4 ,don't use 8/ate0 = 8say40 ,a /atem5t is =mal4 ,mo/ p]sons m]ely say !y are go+ fi%+4 #bj4 ,don't divide a ^w at ! end ( a page4 #ba4 ,don't fail to read y\r /ory 9 pr9t & note ! *anges t h be5 made4 ,don't make ! same mi/ake twice4 #bb4 ,don't use 8pur*ase0 = 8buy10 8rema9d]0 = 8re/10 8portion0 = 8"p0 or any long ^w :5 a %ort "o c be f\nd4--,f ! ,spr+field 7,mass47 ,republican ,rules4 #bc4 ,don't confuse 8beside0 & 8besides40 8,beside0 is nev] any?+ except a preposition2 8besides0 c also be us$ z an adv]b1 9 ! s5se ( moreov]4 #bd4 ,don't use 8female0 = 8woman40 #be4 ,don't confuse 8plurality0 & 8majority40 ,a w9n] 9 an election has a plurality ov] 8 ne>e/ oppon5t2 he has a majority if 8 vote exce$s ! comb9$ vote ( 8 oppon5ts4 #bf4 ,don't use two or m words :]e "o w d z well1 z 8put 9 an appe>ance0 = 8appe>40 #bg4 ,don't ov]work ! ^w 8secure40 ,x is (t5 loosely us$ :]e 8get10 8obta910 8procure10 8collect0 or "s o!r ^w w\ld m exactly express ! ?\ght4 #bh4 ,don't say 8tri$ an exp]im5t40 ,exp]im5ts are made4 #bi4 ,don't say 8! above /atem5t40 8,above0 is an adv]b2 8=ego+0 is ! "r ^w "h4 ,y w\ldn't write 8! bel[ /atem5t40 #cj4 ,don't say 8at ! corn] ( ,n9? /reet & ,broadway40 8,at ,n9? /reet & ,broadway0 is suffici5t unless y desire to specify "o ( ! f\r corn]s4 #ca4 ,don't use 8suicide0 z a v]b4 ,say 8he kill$ himself0 & tell h[4 #cb4 ,don't use a =eign ^w or phrase :5 ,engli% w answ] ! purpose--& x ne>ly always w4 8,a doll> a day0 is bett] ?an 8a doll> p] diem40 ,don't mix languages1 z 9 8a doll> p] day40 #cc4 ,don't say 8fifty p 7 pres5t40 ,use 8p]sons40 8,p10 accord+ to ,web/]'s ,diction>y1 means prim>ily 8! body ( p]sons :o compose a community1 tribe1 nation or race2 an aggregate ( individuals =m+ a :ole2 a community2 a nation0--z 8! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 8,p]sons0 ref]s to individuals4 #cd4 ,don't say 8unit$ 9 m>riage0 or 8jo9$ 9 ! holy bonds ( matrimony40 ,say !y 7 8m>ri$40 #ce4 ,don't use 8depot0 :5 y mean 8/ation40 ,a depot is a /oreh\se = freight or supplies2 railway pass5g]s arrive at a /ation4 #cf4 ,don't call a fire a 8holocau/0 or a 8conflagration0 unless circum/ances w>rant4 ,consult ! diction>y4 #cg4 ,don't call ! wife ( ,dr4 ,jones 8,mrs4 ,dr4 ,jones40 ,%e is simply ,mrs4 ,jones4 ,a woman does n ga9 a title by virtue ( h] husb&'s rank or pr(ession4 #ch4 ,don't make a practice ( us+ a man's occupation z a title1 z 9 8,b>b] ,smi?40 ,he is 8,smi?1 a b>b]40 ,c]ta9 exceptions are p]mitt$ by mo/ newspap]s1 z 9 8,policeman ,riley40 #ci4 ,don't fall into ! habit ( describ+ e bride z 8blu%+10 or e five-doll> bill z 8crisp0 or e gold piece z 8bright1 new40 #dj4 ,don't say 8among ^? pres5t 7 444 & o!rs40 ,leave out 8& o!rs40 #da4 ,don't tell ! read] 8?is is a pa!tic /ory40 ,if x is1 he w f9d x out = himself4 #db4 ,don't ov]work 8well-kn[n0 & 8prom95t40 ,9 revolt aga9/ a long l9e ( 8well-kn[n groc]s0 & 8prom95t saloon keep]s10 "s newspap]s h prohibit$ ! use ( ^! words altoge!r 9 ref]r+ to p]sons4 ,x is always bett] to id5tify y\r *>act]s specifically4 ,tell h[ a man is prom95t4 #dc4 ,don't say 8,jones 0 pres5t at ! meet+ & spoke40 ,( c\rse he 0 pres5t4 ,simply say he spoke4 #dd4 ,don't call a dog a 8can9e40 8,can9e0 is an adjective4 ,y w\ldn't call a c[ a 8bov9e40 #de4 ,don't call a body f\nd 9 a /ream a 8float]40 #df4 ,don't use 8lady0 = 8woman0 "u ! impression t y are pay+ a complim5t4 8,woman0 is a good1 /an* ^w at :i* no real woman c take (f5se4 #dg4 ,don't write any?+ 9 violation ( confid5ce4 #dh4 ,don't say 8an old man #hj ye>s ( age40 ,x's suffici5t to say t he is 8#hj ye>s old40 #di4 ,don't say 8#e o'clock ,p4 ,m4 ye/]day aft]noon40 ,say ei!r 8#e ,p4 ,m4 ye/]day0 or 8#e o'clock ye/]day aft]noon10 accord+ to ! /yle ( y\r pap]4 #ej4 ,don't write 8at an e>ly h\r ?is morn+0 :5 8e>ly ?is morn+0 w d z well4 #ea4 ,don't say 8completely de/roy$40 8,de/roy$0 is suffici5t4 #eb4 ,don't say 8he 0 pres5t$ ) a gold cane40 8,a gold cane 0 pres5t$ to him0 is ! correct =m4 #ec4 ,don't say 8! money 0 divid$ betwe5 ,smi?1 ,jones & ,br[n40 ,x 0 divid$ among !m4 ,use 8betwe50 9 ref]5ce to two only4 #ed4 ,don't ov]work 8t40 ,"s newspap]s favor its omission 9 indirect disc\rse :5 ! mean+ is pla9 )\t x1 z 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,he said 7t7 ,john 0 8 fri5d40 ,nev] omit1 h[ev]1 at ! sacrifice ( cle>ness4 #ee4 ,don't call e girl pretty4 ,if a girl is pretty1 y are usually ju/ifi$ 9 tell+ some?+ m ab\t h]4 #ef4 ,don't say 8less ?an fifty p]sons 7 !re40 ,use 8few]40 8,less0 ref]s to quantity1 8few]0 to numb]s4 #eg4 ,don't make a collective n\n plural unless y mean to convey ! idea ( plurality4 ,! ^w 8audi5ce0 is s+ul> :5 y mean ! audi5ce z a unit4 ,x is plural :5 y h 9 m9d ! individuals t compose ! audi5ce1 z 8! audi5ce wav$ _! hats40 #eh4 ,don't call a policeman a 8m9ion ( ! law40 #ei4 ,don't use 8en?use40 ,!re is no su* ^w4 #fj4 ,don't wa/e y\r en]gy on trivialities4 #fa4 ,don't use 8illy0 = 8ill10 :i* may be ei!r adjective or adv]b4 8,illy0 does n exi/ 9 good usage4 #fb4 ,don't ov]work 8v40 ,?r\gh abuse ! ^w has lo/ mu*1 if n all1 ( its =ce4 8,he's a v good man10 z spok51 usually gives ! idea t he is only passably good4 8,he's a good man0 is /rong]4 ,be sp>+ 9 ! use ( sup]latives4 #fc4 ,don't use dialect to ! disp>agem5t ( any nationality4 ,don't use x at all unless y are sure ( y\r gr\nd4 #fd4 ,don't color y\r /ory ) modify+ words t imply approval or disapproval4 #fe4 ,don't write #cjj words :5 y are told to keep y\r /ory )9 #ajj4 #ff4 ,don't say 8at ! pres5t "t40 ,say 8at pres5t0 or 8n[40 #fg4 ,don't say 8,miss ,smi? presid$ at ! piano40 ,%e m]ely play$ ! piano4 #fh4 ,don't say t 8?is t[n 0 ?r[n into a /ate ( great excitem5t10 8bus9ess 0 entirely susp5d$10 8a great s5sation 0 creat$10 or any o!r ( ! conv5tional ?+s4 ,!y are usually untrue & nev] int]e/+4--,f ! ,*icago ,record-,h]ald's ,in/ructions to ,correspond5ts4 #fi4 ,don't speak ( 8ta/y0 decorations4 ,!y are ta/eful4 #gj4 ,don't fall into a groove 9 s5t5ce build+4 ,seek v>iety4 ,a s]ies ( ?ree or f\r s5t5ces ea* beg9n+ ) 8!0 is monoton\s4 #ga4 ,don't beg9 a /ory ) 8!re is0 :5 y c f9d a bett] way4 #gb4 ,don't try to %[ sup]ior k by writ+ above ! heads ( y\r read]s4 ,news writ+ %\ld express1 n conceal1 ?\ght4 ,leave /ilt$ phrases = ! campaign orator4 #gc4 ,don't use te*nical t]ms t are n g5]ally und]/ood4 #gd4 ,don't say 8he plead guilty40 ,! pa/ t5se ( 8plead0 is 8plead$40 #ge4 ,don't use 8fur!r0 ref]r+ to di/ance2 ! "r ^w "h is 8f>!r10 z 8a mile f>!r ea/40 8,fur!r0 %\ld be us$ 9 o!r s5ses1 z 8fur!r1 he said1 etc40 #gf4 ,don't say 8p>tially0 = 8p>tly40 8,p>tially0 means ) prejudice4 ,a build+ is p>tly ( brick4 #gg4 ,don't use an abbreviation t c be misund]/ood4 #gh4 ,don't say 8a man by 7or (7 ! "n ( ,smi?40 ,say 8a man nam$ ,smi?40 #gi4 ,don't confuse ! words 8prohibition0 & 8temp]ance40 #hj4 ,don't say 8! !n gov]nor40 8,!n0 is an adv]b4 #ha4 ,don't beg9 a s5t5ce ) figures4 ,spell out1 or re-ca/ ! s5t5ce4 #hb4 ,don't say 88 :]eab\ts are unkn[n40 8,:]eab\ts0 is s+ul>2 s also 8politics40 #hc4 ,don't say 89 our mid/40 #hd4 ,don't use 8inaugurate0 = 8beg940 ,a movem5t is begun2 a presid5t is inaugurat$4 #he4 ,don't abbreviate names1 z 8,geo40 = 8,george10 8,jno40 = 8,john10 etc4 #hf4 ,don't contract 8all "r0 to 8alright40 ,!re is a good ^w 8already0 7n ( ! same mean+1 h[ev]1 z 8all ready07 b 8alright0 has no ju/ification4 #hg4 ,don't say 8"o ( ! mo/ unique40 8,unique0 expresses an absolute condition2 x has no degrees4 #hh4 ,don't use an apo/rophe be=e ! 8s0 9 8its0 7possessive ( 8x071 8h]s10 8ours10 8y\rs10 8!irs40 8,x's0 means 8x is40 #hi4 ,don't use 8don't0 :5 y mean 8doesn't40 ,be c>eful to place ! apo/rophe betwe5 ! 8n0 & ! 8t40 #ij4 ,don't call e little flurry a panic4 #ia4 ,don't write 8capitol0 :5 y mean ! seat ( gov]nm5t--! city4 ,! build+ is ! capitol2 ,wa%+ton is ! capital ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ib4 ,don't say 8he walk$ a di/ance ( a mile40 ,omit 8a di/ance (40 #ic4 ,don't beg9 y\r /ory ) a g5]al /atem5t su* z 8a t]rible accid5t occurr$ la/ night40 ,tell :at really happ5$4 #id4 ,don't =get to use quotation m>ks at ! end ( quot$ matt]4 #ie4 ,don't write x v>i\sly 8/reet10 8,/reet0 & 8/40 ,f9d out ! /yle ( y\r pap] & /ick to x if y w\ld ga9 ! good w ( ! copy read]4 #if4 ,don't try to save money = ! (fice by cr[d+ y\r copy on a %eet )\t m>g9s4 ,leave pl5ty ( :ite space at ! top & ! bottom s ! %eets c be pa/$ toge!r4 #ig4 ,don't say 8he secur$ a position z janitor40 ,mo/ p]sons simply get jobs4 #ih4 ,don't make ! mi/ake ( ! report] :o wrote ( a 8?ree-corn]$ duel40 ,a duel 7f ! ,lat9 duo7 is a fight betwe5 two p]sons4 #ii4 ,don't speak ( a climate z 8heal?y40 ,p]sons are heal?y1 places heal?ful4 #ajj4 ,don't use 8g5tleman0 = 8man40 8,g5ts0 is atroci\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,newspap] ,,bromides ,contr>y to ! op9ions ( _m1 ! newspap] has sav$ its read]s f t mod]n p]v]sion ( our already =cible ,engli%1 slang4 ,x has prun$ its language ( affectation1 f9e writ+ & indiscrim9ate & excessive use ( adjectives4--,f an address by ! ,,rev4 ,,william ,b4 ,,norton1 ( ,evan/on1 ,ill41 z report$ by ! ,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,if a report] is lazy or incl9$ to 8f9e writ+0 he has only to rea* into ! grab-box ( 8 memory to draw out a ^w or phrase1 all ready to 8 h&1 t seems to suit ! occasion4 ,0 ! horse runn+ fa/8 ,!n x 0 go+ at 8breakneck spe$40 ,did ! "y woman :o 0 pull$ out ( ! riv] fall 9 love ) h] rescu]8 ,!n 8h] gratitude melt$ into love40 ,x 0 ! 8old1 old /ory40 ,%e became 8 8blu%+ bride0 & ! news ( ! m>riage 0 to ! disc>d$ suitor 8l a bolt f a cle> sky40 8,a ho/ ( fri5ds0 att5d$ ! 8nuptials0 & ! 8happy c\ple0 7 8%[]$ ) congratulations40 ,h&y1 cut-&-dri$ expressions w creep into copy unless ! report] is always on ! al]t to f9d ! "r ^w4 ,_m ( ! figures ( spee* 9 ?is category d\btless possess$ *>m & piquancy at "o "t1 b ?r\gh long usage !y h sunk to a mean+less level4 ,!y h become "p ( ! /ock 9 trade ( ! 8f9e writ]10 :o seeks to conf\nd ! read] ) l>ge words4 ,o!r words & phrases are m]ely trivial or 9 poor ta/e4 ,! news writ] %\ld /udy to fit 8 words exactly to ! mean+ he int5ds to convey1 in/ead ( lazily giv+ way to ! temptation to draw on a ready-made /ock4 8,bromides0 is ! "n giv5 by ! newspap] man to ?is /ock ( h&y expressions4 ,! t]m is ?us def9$ 9 a bullet9 issu$ by a metropolitan newspap] = its copy read]s3 8,a bromide1 9 a newspap] (fice1 is a ^w1 phrase or expression1 or turn ( /yle1 t is especially lack+ 9 orig9ality--ov]work$1 hackney$--a #8*e/nut4' ,! daily travail ( ! editor & ! copy read] is 9 sc\t+ = errors ( gramm> & skirmi%+ ) inaccuracy & awkw>dness4 ,b x is a massacre ( libel2 a w> ( ext]m9ation aga9/ bromides40 ,! foll[+ li/ ( 8bromides0 includes bo? trite & gr&iose expressions :i* ! news writ] w d well to avoid & ! copy read] to elim9ate if !y are pass$ on to him4 ,! li/ is int5d$ to be only sugge/ive ( ! evils ( 8bromidic0 writ+4 ,x is f> f exhau/ive4 ,almo/ any newspap] man c\ld add simil> expressions :i* h come )9 8 exp]i5ce3 admir+ fri5ds ag5t ( dea? ance/ral doma9 & _m o!rs angry mob ar* culprit av5g+ ju/ice battle-sc>r$ vet]an beautiful & accompli%$ b]eav$ wid[ bett] half beyond p]adv5ture ( a d\bt big mogul 7locomotive7 ble$+1 mangl$ =m blunt in/rum5t blu%+ bride body ( ! deceas$ bolt f a cle> sky bonds ( matrimony bosom ( ! br9y deep b\rne f :i* no travel] returns br& f ! burn+ breakneck spe$ break ! news g5tly brea?less sil5ce burd5 ( bluecoats burly negro busy m>ts ( trade c>nival ( crime cat* ( ! season caught l a rat 9 a trap caught r$-h&$ c]ta9 p>ty 7= p]son7 *all5ge contradiction *eck]$ c>e] city ba/ile city's fair escut*eon clut*es ( ! law comm]cial emporium conspicu\s by 8 abs5ce contract+ p>ties 79 m>riage7 conv5tional black cool z a cucumb] c[]+ poltroon crisp t5-doll> bill cr[d$ to its utmo/ capacity culm9at$ 9 ! nuptials cynosure ( all eyes ,dan ,cupid's d>t da/>dly assass9 day ( reckon+ delici\s refre%m5ts demure miss devot$ slave dev\r+ elem5t diabolical outrage div9e 7= prea*]7 div9e passion dull1 corrod+ c>e dull1 sick5+ ?ud durance vile dusky damsel d[ny c\* ebb+ life blood effect$ an entrance ek$ out a b>e exi/5ce elegant creation ent]$ a /ate ( coma ev5+ repa/ exig5cies ( ! occasion ext5d$ he>tfelt sympa?y facile p5 fail$ to mat]ialize fair sex fair wom5 & brave m5 fateful words fea/ ( reason fea!r$ song/] fell design fe/ive occasion fev] heat few & f> betwe5 fi]y /e$ fir/ fall ( ! beautiful fleet+ brea? foeman wor?y ( 8 /eel = x 0 none o!r ?an he =mulat$ a design fragrant ,havana fr5zi$ f9ance furtively secret+ ga!r$ to 8 fa!rs g5]al public g5ial boniface gild$ y\? goes )\t say+ gr& old p>ty gratitude melt$ into love great beyond grewsome spectacle grim reap] groan$ "u ! weight ( too?some vi&s hairbread? escape happy b5$ict he>tr5d+ screams hi$ himself high dudgeon high road to recov]y ho/ ( fri5ds human freight hungry flames hurl$ defiance hym5eal alt> immaculate l95 9 a cl]ical capacity inclem5cy ( ! wea!r inn] circles ( society jury ( 8 pe]s k9d & indulg5t fa!r knights ( ! grip l>ge & en?usia/ic audi5ce la/ b n lea/ late lam5t$ laun*$ into et]nity lead5 missile light collation l+]+ illness lion ( all social ga!r+s little bl9d god locat$ 8 :]eab\ts lodg$ 9 jail long sleep 7dea?7 lull be=e ! /orm lurid flames made good 8 escape man ( p>ts maze ( my/]y m9ions ( ! law modicum ( notoriety m\rn$ _! loss natty suit neatly engrav$ invitations neat sum nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( news leak$ out nice mann]s nick ( "t nipp$ 9 ! bud notori\s crook & police "* old1 old /ory 7love7 olde/ inhabitant "o fell swoop "o f9e day own inimitable way pale z dea? pangs ( pov]ty phials ( 8 scorn pi]c+ %riek ( angui% pill> ( ! *ur* police dragnet populace 0 up 9 arms portals ( 8 liv+ tomb port5t ( evil prepossess+ appe>ance pres5t incumb5t presid$ at ! piano prom95t 7( p]sons7 public pr9ts put 9 an appe>ance quiet home w$d+ rag+ torr5t ra% act recipi5t ( h&some & co/ly pres5ts rema9s 7= body7 r5d]$ a wid[ ripe old age ris+ "y b>ri/] root$ to ! spot rumors are rife ru%$ po/ ha/e sacr$ edifice sad rites sad tid+s sc5e begg>$ description seem$ to spr+ f ?9 air s]i\s b n necess>ily fatal set ! t[n agog %ook l a leaf %orn ( 8 accu/om$ affability %r\d$ 9 my/]y silv]-tongu$ orator sixte5 summ]s 79 giv+ age7 smok+ revolv] snort+ iron horse 7locomotive7 snug income sole topic ( conv]sation spread l wildfire /epp$ into ! brea* /]l+ wor? & high promise /ill ev5+ air /ood agha/ /orm k+ /ung ) remorse succul5t bivalve suicide 7z a v]b7 summon$ m$ical aid su/a9$ an injury swa!d 9 b&ages sweet slumb] ?icke/ ( ! fray ?is mortal coil tidy sum t9y tots tireless vigil tonsorial p>lor took into cu/ody took ! bit 9 8 tee? totally de/roy$ to ! bitt] end tri$ & true (ficial tripp$ ! light fanta/ic ubiquit\s report] unbias$ probe "u cov] ( ! d>kness un=tunate victim unique 9 ! city's annals unit$ 9 ! bonds ( matrimony uphold]s ( law & ord] vale ( te>s vani%$ z if ! e>? _h swall[$ him up v5geance 8 portion view$ ! rema9s v\*es = ! au!nticity ( w> to ! knife wax$ eloqu5t weak] sex w$d$ bliss wee sma' h\rs weird sc5e well-kn[n club man :ite z a %eet wilde/ excitem5t ) becom+ grace )\t fe> ( successful contradiction witnesses duly sworn ,,index ,a ,abbreviation1 m>ks us$ 91 #f1 #ahf2 c>e necess>y 91 #bba ,accuracy1 importance (1 #cj2 9 obs]vation1 #ca2 9 names1 #cc1 #ce1 #agi2 9 /reet addresses1 #cd2 9 spell+1 #cd2 ef=t to obta91 #cf1 #bbe2 9 int]view1 #aba2 9 bus9ess /ories1 #acc2 9 correspond5ce1 #aea2 ess5tial 9 copy read+1 #age ,active voice1 #ac1 #bjd ,add1 h[ m>k$1 #ahh ,advance copy1 #abc2 notices by mail1 #afa2 held = release1 #afh ,adv]tisem5t1 head comp>$ to1 #aid ,ages1 /yle 9 giv+1 #bag ,allit]ation1 9 headl9es1 #bjb ,anglo-,saxon1 words pref]r$1 #ac1 #ajc2 9 heads1 #aif ,asqui?1 ! ,"r ,honorable ,h4 ,h41 on prolixity1 #baa ,assignm5t1 def9$1 #b ,associat$ ,press1 dispat* f1 #gj ,b ,bad ta/e1 example1 #bg ,baltimore ,sun1 /ory f !1 #adb ,bann]1 9 head writ+1 #bji ,beat1 def9$1 #b2 measur$ by m9utes1 #acd ,bible1 z model = news writ]1 #i1 #fa 8,bohemians10 no long] tol]at$1 #aia ,bo/on ,transcript1 head f !1 #aig ,box head1 def9$1 #bji ,brisbane1 ,ar?ur1 on newspap] "w1 #ag ,bromides 9 writ+1 #bbd2 li/ (1 #bbf ,bullet9s1 :5 to s5d1 #aeg1 #aei1 #aff ,bus9ess /ories1 c>e necess>y 9 cov]+1 #acc ,c ,capital lett]s1 h[ indicat$1 #ahf2 9 heads1 #bjf1 #baj ,*eap slang1 example1 #ci ,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/1 /ories f !1 #abf1 #aci ,*icago ,int]-,ocean1 editorial on news1 #da ,*icago ,record-,h]ald1 /ories f !1 #gb1 #gf2 in/ructions to correspond5ts1 #aed1 #bbj2 /yle1 #agg2 head f !1 #aii ,*icago ,tribune1 ord] to correspond5ts1 #aeg2 news specialties1 #afj ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 editorial on news writ+1 #gi ,c9c9nati ,enquir]1 sport+ news1 #afj2 on promptness1 #aff2 /yle ( heads1 #bjb ,city editor1 has 8nose = news10 #dc2 judge ( /ory1 #ha2 valu+ news1 #ajc ,classifi$1 see ,dep>tm5t ,cle>ness1 necessity (1 #i2 9 heads1 #aif ,climax1 fir/ 9 news /ory1 #eg1 #gi ,collective n\ns1 #bah ,compression1 9 news writ+1 #hj ,concis5ess1 :y desirable1 #aa2 9 telegraph /ories1 #aeb ,copy1 def9$1 #a2 h[ to prep>e1 #d2 read+ copy1 #aga2 specim5 page (1 #ahe2 8,a ,copy10 #ahi2 s*$ule1 #aib ,copy read]s1 duties (1 #c1 #aga2 qualifications (1 #agb2 organization (1 #agd2 mu/ be vigilant1 #agh2 "w "u /ress1 #aij ,corrections1 c>e necess>y 9 mak+1 #e ,correspond5ts1 functions (1 #aej2 pitfalls =1 #aed2 al]tness appreciat$1 #aei2 in/ructions to1 #afi2 h[ paid1 #agj ,c\rt reports1 to be wat*$ c>efully1 #agi ,crime news1 "q ( e?ics1 #aca ,d ,damag+ /atem5ts1 #ai1 #acc1 #aee ,dea? /ories1 *oice ( words 91 #ch2 examples1 #ch1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc2 po9ts to cov] 91 #acj ,deck ( head1 def9$1 #bja ,def9it5ess1 9 news writ+1 #bb2 examples1 #id1 #adg2 9 heads1 #aig ,dep>tm5t /ories1 #dh2 8slugs0 giv5 to1 #ahb ,dialect1 use (1 #bc1 #hh1 #bai ,don'ts = news writ]1 li/ (1 #baa ,drop l9e 9 head1 #bjg ,e ,edit+1 m>ks us$ 91 #ahd2 page ( edit$ copy1 #ahe ,editorial comm5t1 n p]mitt$ 9 news1 #bj2 weak5s /ory1 #be ,end-m>k1 use (1 #e1 #ahg ,expansion1 9 news writ+1 #hj ,ex p>te /atem5ts1 dang] 91 #aef1 #ahj ,f ,fairness1 ess5tial 9 /ory1 #ah ,fak+1 n tol]at$1 #hb1 #aec ,feature /ories1 def9$1 #c2 examples1 #bi1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #abd1 #abg2 treatm5t (1 #dg1 #ih2 = ent]ta9m5t1 #aja2 sugge/ions =1 #aaa2 may be int]view1 #abj2 s5d+ by mail1 #afh ,fictional me?od1 9 news writ+1 #ga1 #ii ,f9e writ+1 n want$1 #aj1 #ajc1 #bbd2 examples1 #af1 #ch1 #bbf ,fire /ories1 g5]al plan (1 #gi2 examples1 #gb1 #gg1 #hi1 #ie1 #aci1 #adb2 analysis ( a /ory1 #ib2 po9ts to cov] 91 #abi ,flippancy1 to be avoid$1 #bc1 #hh1 #ajc ,foll[ copy1 #f1 #agf ,foll[ /ories1 #ahc ,=ce 9 writ+1 h[ obta9$1 #ab ,=eign words1 #bae ,freak head1 example1 #bji ,fulton 7,mo47 ,gazette1 editorial on c\ntry j\rnalism1 #ag ,g ,g5]alities1 to be avoid$1 #ba ,good ta/e1 ess5tial 9 news writ+1 #bb2 illu/rat$1 #aji ,gossip1 bew>e ( unf\nd$1 #aed ,greeley1 ,horace1 view ( report+1 #bc ,guide l9e1 9 read+ copy1 #aha ,h ,headl9es 7heads71 def9$1 #c2 old /yle1 #fb2 writt5 by copy read]s1 #age2 dang] ( libel 91 #agi1 #aid2 h[ designat$1 #ahc2 newspap]s judg$ by1 #aic2 reproductions (1 #aie1 #aig1 #aii1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bjg1 #bji2 n m]e labels1 #aif2 t5se 91 #aih2 local 9 application1 #bjb2 trite phras+ 91 #bjd2 v>i\s /yles (1 #bjh ,hope1 ,an?ony1 on /yle1 #aac ,horrible details1 to be %unn$1 #bc ,human-int]e/ /ories1 def9$1 #dg2 examples1 #ej1 #gb1 #ie1 #aji2 value (1 #ajb2 prescription =1 #ajc2 uncov]+ facts (1 #ajd2 div]g5ce 9 treatm5t (1 #acb2 9 dem&1 #afa ,humor1 example (1 #di2 examples ( unconsci\s1 #aia1 #aib ,i ,imp]ative =m1 9 heads1 #bjc ,imp]sonality1 9 news writ+1 #bj ,ins]ts1 9 copy1 #e1 #ahg1 #ahi ,int]view1 def9$1 #aac2 :5 incid5tal1 #aad2 z ! /ory itself1 #aah2 fir/ /eps 9 gett+1 #aah2 examples1 #aai1 #abj1 #abd-abh ,irw91 ,w1 on report+1 #a ,j ,j\rnalism1 p]sonal era gone1 #ba2 daily problem (1 #acb2 s5sational1 #aic ,jump head1 def9$1 #bji ,k ,kansas ,city ,/>1 dep>ture f cu/om 9 !1 #fb1 #ga2 /ories f !1 #ga1 #gb1 #ge1 #gf1 #ajh2 /yle1 #agh2 heads1 #bjj ,knapp1 ,george ,l41 on newspap] ,engli%1 #cj ,l ,lead1 introduction ( /ory1 #b2 me?od ( writ+1 #eg2 :at x conta9s1 #ei2 /yles v>y1 #fb2 k9ds to be avoid$1 #fc2 police data 91 #fd2 names 91 #fe2 g5]al rule =1 #fg2 examples1 #gj-gh1 #adg1 #adh ,lecky1 ,w4 ,e4 ,h41 on /yle1 #gi ,legibility1 h[ obta9$1 #e ,libel1 dang] (1 #bj2 possible 9 names1 #aee1 #agi2 rules ab\t1 #agh2 9 headl9es1 #agi1 #aid ,l[] case1 def9$1 #baj ,lyman1 ,h>t1 on art ( compression1 #aga ,m ,mail1 h[ to s5d /ories by1 #afh ,make-up1 def9$1 #d2 me?ods (1 #hd ,me*anics1 ( /ory1 #hd1 #abc2 ( head1 #bja ,metaphor1 use (1 #ae ,n ,names1 mu/ be wat*$1 #f2 misspell+ res5t$1 #cc2 9 beg9n+ /ory1 #fe2 9 bus9ess /ories1 #acc2 dang] ( libel 91 #aee1 #agi2 /yle 9 giv+1 #bba ,news1 (t5 prun$1 #bc2 basic !mes un*ang+1 #be2 values1 #da2 h[ judg$1 #dc2 s5sational1 #de2 pla91 #df2 feature1 #dg1 #ih2 human-int]e/1 #dg1 #ajb2 dep>tm5t1 #dh2 crime news1 #aca2 ages quickly1 #acd2 f out ( t[n1 #aej2 sport+1 #afb2 told 9 heads1 #aid ,newspap]1 ,engli% (t5 criticiz$1 #h2 fasc9ation ( "w1 #bj2 work%op unique1 #be2 safegu>ds aga9/ error1 #cf2 its problem1 #dd2 wom5 read]s (1 #df2 s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t1 #ajj2 h&l+ crime news1 #aca2 telegraph s]vice1 #aej2 wants facts only1 #aed2 v>iations 9 /yle1 #agf2 headl9es important1 #aic ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/1 editorial on /yle1 #g ,new ,york ,h]ald1 in/ruction1 #hd ,new ,york ,mail1 /ory f !1 #abg ,new ,york ,sun1 /yle a model1 #ej2 /ories f !1 #ej1 #gc1 #ii2 head f !1 #bjd ,new ,york ,_w1 /ories f !1 #ie1 #aji1 #abd1 #adf2 head f !1 #bji ,norton1 ! ,rev4 ,william ,b41 on slang1 #bbd ,o ,obs]vation1 accuracy ess5tial 91 #ca ,o',malley1 ,frank ,w>d1 /ory by1 #ej ,orig9ality1 "o secret (1 #bd2 /ory lack+ 91 #bh2 example (1 #ajf ,outlook1 comm5t by !1 #ee ,ov]l9e1 def9$1 #bji ,p ,p>agraphs1 ind5tation (1 #e2 l5g? (1 #ahd2 :5 run toge!r1 #ahf ,pictures1 ) feature /ories1 #bi2 9 ,sunday magaz9e1 #aje2 by mail1 #afb ,pitfalls1 = report]1 #aed ,place1 z feature ( /ory1 #gf ,pla9 news /ory1 #df ,police /ations1 h[ nam$1 #bh ,pron\ns1 c>e necess>y 9 use (1 #hh ,pro(read+1 n copy read+1 #c ,puns1 on names1 #bc ,pyramid1 =m ( head1 #bjh ,q ,qu]y1 def9$1 #afc2 bl9d1 #afe4 ,que/ions-&-answ]s me?od1 example1 #abg ,que/ions1 9 heads1 #bjc ,quotation1 z lead ( /ory1 examples1 #gc1 #gd2 prec$+ /ory1 example1 #ge2 :5 undesirable1 #aaf2 9 beg9n+ int]view1 examples1 #aai1 #abd1 #abf2 %\ld n be slavi%1 #aba2 indirect1 #abf2 9 telegraph+1 #agj2 may be libel\s1 #ahj ,r ,report]1 8 run or beat1 #b2 viewpo9t (1 #ag2 responsibility (1 #ai2 mu/ obs]ve ke5ly1 #ca2 place on newspap]1 #db2 mu/ n 8editorialize10 #hi2 idea ( big /ory1 #aad2 p[] to d h>m1 #acc2 seek+ ! "r ^w1 #bbd 8,report ( a ,suicide10 #ii ,rewrit+1 #acf2 examples1 #ach1 #aci ,runn+ head1 #bjb ,run-ov] head1 #bji ,s ,/4 ,l\is ,po/-,dispat*1 editorial on newspap] 8end[m5t10 #cj2 /ory f !1 #ajf2 in/ructions to correspond5ts1 #afg ,/4 ,l\is ,republic1 editorial on report+1 #ag2 on news values1 #abi2 rules ab\t libel1 #agh ,/4 ,l\is ,/>1 on revolt+ /ories1 #bac ,sc&al1 p]v]t$ idea ab\t1 #afa ,s*$ule1 kept by copy read]1 #aib ,scoop1 see ,beat ,second-day /ories1 #acd ,s5t5ces1 pref]5ce giv5 %ort1 #ad1 #hh2 9 lead ( /ory1 #fe2 avoid monotony 91 #fe1 #bbj ,sign$ /ory1 exceptional1 #bj2 example1 #abg ,simplicity1 keynote ( news writ+1 #i2 9 writ+ ( dea?1 #ci2 9 lead1 #fa2 9 head1 #aif2 ,spr+field 7,mass47 ,republican on1 #bad ,slang1 9 news /ory1 #aj2 two k9ds (1 #bb2 9 head1 #bjb ,slug1 "n giv5 /ory1 #c1 #aha ,space rates1 = correspond5ts1 #agj ,special correspond5t1 see ,correspond5t ,spee*es1 h[ cov]$1 #abb ,sport+ news1 in/ructions reg>d+1 #afb ,spr+field 7,mass47 ,republican1 on p>agraphs1 #ahd2 on %ort words1 #bad ,/ory1 def9$1 #a2 qualities ( ideal1 #ah2 %ort feature1 example1 #bi2 k9ds (1 #df2 pla91 #df2 feature1 #dg1 #ih2 human-int]e/1 #dg1 #ajb2 lead (1 #eg2 data f #ajj typical /ories1 #fh2 body (1 #gi2 me*anics (1 #hd1 #abc2 (t5 prun$1 #he1 #afd2 unlike novel1 #hg2 = ent]ta9m5t1 #aja2 special types (1 #abi2 telegraph1 #aej2 m>ks 9 edit+1 #ahd2 adds & ins]ts1 #ahh ,/reet addresses1 mu/ be closely wat*$1 #cd ,/yle1 ?ree qualities (1 #i2 special rules (1 #fb1 #age2 v>iations 91 #agg ,sub-head1 def9$1 #baj ,suicide /ories1 examples1 #ga1 #gb1 #adf2 motive a feature1 #aca2 (t5 ignor$1 #acb ,sunday magaz9e /ories1 #dh1 #aje ,sup]latives1 use sp>+ly1 #bai ,swiftness1 ess5tial 9 copy read+1 #agc1 #agg ,symmetry1 desir$ 9 heads1 #bje ,symposium1 def9$1 #abd ,t ,te*nical t]ms1 to be avoid$1 #aj ,telegraph news1 boil$ d[n1 #ada2 h[ ga!r$1 #aej2 skeletoniz+1 #aeb2 e/imat+ value (1 #aec2 :at n to s5d1 #aef2 :at to s5d1 #afj2 sport+ news1 #afb2 h[ to s5d1 #afc2 h&l+ big /ory1 #afe2 in/ructions reg>d+1 #afi ,telephone1 us$ by correspond5ts1 #afc1 #aff ,?or\ghness1 9 cov]+ /ory1 #hb ,"t1 /yles 9 giv+1 #ci1 #aci1 #bag1 #bai2 z feature ( /ory1 #ge2 8to-day0 pref]r$1 #acd2 9 heads1 #bjb ,trite expressions1 9 heads1 #bjd2 li/ (1 #bbf ,trivialities1 to be avoid$1 #bf1 #hc1 #aec1 #aef ,type1 c\nt+ units 9 head1 #bjf2 illu/ration ( ,go?ic1 #bjg2 upp] & l[] case1 #baj ,typewrit]1 pref]r$ = news writ+1 #d ,u ,upp] case1 def9$1 #baj ,v ,v]bosity1 n p]mitt$1 #aa1 #ahe ,viewpo9t1 mu/ be unprejudic$1 #ag ,w ,wa%+ton ,h]ald1 editorial on newspap] ,engli%1 #eg ,wa%+ton ,times1 editorial on news1 #aej ,w$d+ /ories1 po9ts to be cov]$ 91 #aca ,well-kn[n1 ov]work$1 #bag ,:ite+1 ,ri*>d1 on daily j\rnalism1 #ih ,:itman1 ,walt1 on simplicity ( /yle1 #aic ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words appe>+ 9 small capitals 9 ! orig9al publication h be5 r5d]$ z upp]case2 italics d5ot$ ) und]scores4 ,no kn[n textual or punctuation *anges h be5 made4