,,moori% ,,rema9s ,,9 ,,spa9 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,v]tical ,section ( ! ,dome & ,cupola ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moori% ,,rema9s ,,9 ,,spa9 ,,be+ ,a ,,brief ,,record ,,( ,,! ,,arabian ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,p59sula ,,) ,a ,,p>ticul> ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,mohamm$an ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,decoration ,,9 ,,cordova1 ,,seville ,,tol$o ,,by ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t ,,london3 ,,john ,,lane1 ,,! ,,bodley ,,head ,,new ,,york3 ,,john ,,lane ,,company1 ,,mcmvi ,e4 ,goodman & ,son1 ,phnix ,pr9t+ ,works1 ,taunton4 ,,d$ication ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y ,,k+ ,,alfonso ,,xiii4 ,,sire1 ,! great int]e/ ,y\r ,maje/y has ev9c$ 9 ! ,moori% ,monum5ts :i* adorn ,y\r ,maje/y's loyal & noble c\ntry1 & ! graci\s appreciation ) :i* ,y 7 pleas$ to reg>d my "w on ,! ,alhambra1 inspir$ me ) ! presumption to solicit ! hon\r ( ,y\r ,maje/y's ,augu/ ,patronage = ?is volume1 :i* is humbly d$icat$ to ,y\r ,maje/y agreeably to ,y\r ,maje/y's graci\s p]mission1 by ,y\r ,maje/y's humble ,s]vant1 ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t4 ,,preface ,! inception ( my "w on ,! ,alhambra1 to :i* ?is book is design$ to be ! companion & complem5t>y volume1 0 due to ! disappo9t+ discov]y t no su* ?+ z an ev5 mod]ately adequate s\v5ir ( ! ,r$ ,palace ( ,granada1 8t glori\s sanctu>y ( ,spa910 0 9 exi/5ce4 ,x 0 writt5 at a "t :5 ,i %>$ ! v common delusion t ! ,alhambra 0 ! only ^w 9 a vocabul>y ( relics :i* includes su* ,arabian sup]latives z ! ,mosque at ,cordova1 ! ,gates & ! ,cri/o de la ,luz ( ,tol$o1 & ! ,alcaz> at ,seville4 ,i _h !n to le>n t :ile ! ,alhambra has rightly be5 accept$ z ! la/ ^w on ,moori% ,art 9 ,spa91 x mu/ n be reg>d$ z ! solit>y monum5t ( ! spl5d\r & beauty ) :i* ! ,arabs /amp$ _! virile & arti/ic p]sonality ^u ,&alus4 ,9 ! c\rse ( frequ5t & protract$ visits to ,spa9 ,i came to realise t ! ,moors 7 n a "o-city nation2 !y did n exhau/ !mselves 9 a s+le1 isolat$ ef=t to a*ieve ! sublimely beautiful4 ,be=e ! ,alhambra 0 conceiv$ 9 ! m9d ( ,mohamm$ ! ,fir/ ( ,granada1 ,tol$o _h be5 adorn$ & lo/2 ,cordova1 :i* = c5turies _h comm&$ ! admiration ( ,europe1 _h pal$ & wan$ beside ! increas+ spl5d\r ( ,seville2 & ! 8gem ( ,&alusia0 itself _h be5 wre/$ f ! ,moor by ! victori\s ,f]d9& ,,iii4 ,b ea* 9 turn _h be5 r$eem$ f ,go?ic tyranny by ! art-ador+ influ5ce ( ! ,moslem4 ,_! dom9ion1 _! politics1 & _! influ5ce is a tale ( a day t is dead1 b x survives 9 ! monum5ts ( _! ,art1 :i* exi/ to ! glory ( ,spa9 & ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,! ,arabian s5se ( ! beautiful seal$ itself ^u ,cordova1 & made ! city its own2 x bl5d$ ) ! joy\s _s ( ,seville2 x =c$ its impress ^u ! fr[n+ =ehead ( ,tol$o4 ,to see ! ,alhambra is n to und]/& ! wond]s ( ! ,alcaz>2 ! /udy ( ,moori% wiz>dry 9 ,tol$o does n reveal1 does n ev5 prep>e "o1 = ! bewild]+ cunn+ ( ! ,mosque 9 ,cordova4 ,9 ,cordova--?is gay1 vivaci\s ov]gr[n village1 :i* gleams s]5e 9 a sett+ ( v9ey>ds & orange groves--! _s ( ! ,moors /ill brea!s4 ,rome wre/$ ! city f ,c>?age2 ! ,go?s humbl$ x to ! du/4 ,b1 "u ! ,moors1 ,cordova became ! c5tre ( ,european civilisation1 ! rival ( ,baghdad & ,damascus z a seat ( le>n+1 ! ,a!ns ( ! ,we/1 & second only 9 sanctity to ! ,kaaba ( ,mecca4 ,its ,ca!dral fir/ came into be+ z a temple ( ,janus2 x has be5 bo? a basilica & a mosque4 ,b ! magic art ( ! ,mohamm$an1 :i* effac$ ! impr9t ( ! ,roman spe>1 has surviv$ ! tor* ( ! ,holy ,inquisition1 & to-day ,cordova is ! mo/ exquisitely beautiful ,moori% monum5t 9 ,spa94 ,9 ,seville1 on ! spot :]e ,roman1 ,visigo?1 & ,moslem h ea* 9 turn practis$ _! fai?1 ! ,ca!dral bells n[ hang above ! ,arabian t[] ( ! mosque1 & ! spire ( ! temple ( ! fai?ful has become ! _w-fam\s ,giralda1 :i* dom9ates ! city4 ,moori% f\nta9s & patios are f\nd at ,malaga1 & ,granada1 & ,tol$o1 b "o comes to 8,la ,ti]ra de ,m>ia ,santisima0 to see !m at _! lovelie/1 :ile ! ,alcaz> is p]haps ! be/ pres]v$ & mo/ sup]bly-decorat$ specim5 ( ! ,moori% citadel-palace t ,europe has to %[4 ,m5ac+1 maje/ic1 & magnific5t 9 its /r5g? & spl5did isolation1 ,tol$o1 gu>d$ by its ,moori% masonry1 a rock built ^u a rock1 has be5 describ$ by ,padilla z 8! cr[n ( ,spa91 ! light ( ! _w1 free f ! "t ( ! mighty ,go?s40 ,! light ( ! _w has dw9dl$ 9 ! socket ( mod]n progress1 ! ,moor has left 8 sc>s ^u ! fre$om ( ! ,go?2 b ,tol$o1 :i* 0 old :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 born1 pres5ts an epitome ( ! pr9cipal arts1 religions1 & races :i* h dom9at$ ! _w = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 ! ?ree cities ( ,cordova1 ,seville1 & ,tol$o1 9 :i* ! h& ( ! ,moor t\*$ no?+ t x did n beautify1 ,i h f\nd ! supplem5t to ! art wond]s t ,i attempt$ to describe 9 my book ^u ! ,alhambra2 &1 enc\rag$ by ! cordiality ( ! welcome ext5d$ to t volume 9 ,spa9 & ,am]ica1 z well z 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i h foll[$ ! c\rse :i* ,i !re9 adopt$1 ( mak+ ! lett]press subs]vi5t to ! illu/rations4 ,:ile imm]s$ 9 au?orities1 & tempt$ (t5 by ! beauties ( ! sc5es to indulge ! desire to emotionalise 9 words1 ,i h nev] p]mitt$ myself to =get t my purpose has be5 to pres5t a picture r ?an to *ronicle ! romance ( ,spani%-,morisco art4 ,= ! hi/orical data1 & "s ( ! descriptions conta9$ 9 ?is book1 ,i h levi$ tribute on a l>ge numb] ( au?ors4 ,don ,pascual de ,gayngos1 ! r5[n$ translator ( ,al-,makk>i2 ! ,h&book & ! ,ga!r+s ( ,ri*>d ,=d2 ,william ,/irl+-,maxwell's ,don ,john ( ,au/ria2 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ ( ,spa91 by ,h5ry ,coppe2 ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s ,conque/ ( ,granada2 ,miss ,*>lotte ,yonge's ,*ri/ians & ,moors 9 ,spa92 ,/anley ,lane-,poole's ,! ,moors 9 ,spa92 ! writ+s ( ,dr4 ,r4 ,dozy1 ( ,leipsic2 ,muhamm$ ,hayat ,khan's ,rise & ,fall ( ! ,muslim ,empire 9 ,spa92 ,hannah ,lyn*'s ,tol$o2 ,walt] ,m4 ,galli*an's ,seville2 ,! ,lat9-,byzant9e ,monum5ts ( ,cordova2 ,monum5tos ,arquitectonicos de ,espaa2 ,p$ro de ,madrazo's ,sevilla--^!1 & _m less important writ]s on ,spa91 h be5 consult$4 ,b ) ?is weal? ( lit]>y mat]ial to h&1 ,i h rememb]$ t x is my collection ( illu/rations1 r ?an on ! writt5 ^w1 t ,i mu/ dep5d4 ,f ! nature ( ,arabian art1 & ! *>act]i/ic m9ut5ess ( ! details ( :i* ,morisco decoration is compos$1 l5g?y descriptions ( ar*itecture1 unaccompani$ by illu/rations1 become n only t$i\s b positively confus+ to ! read]1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a suffici5cy ( illu/rations r5d]s exhau/ive descriptions sup]flu\s4 ,i h /riv5 to d ju/ice to ! subject 9 ?is direction1 n )\t hope ( a*iev+ my purpose1 b ) a va/ consci\sness ( ! fact t1 nei!r by cam]a1 nor bru%1 nor by ! p51 c "o reflect1 ) any fidelity1 ! effects obta9$ by ! ,moori% ma/]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 _! art we f9d a s5se ( ! my/]i\s t appeals to "o l ! gl9t ( moonlight on runn+ wat]2 an intangible _s ( joy\sness t "o cat*es f ! danc+ %ad[s ( leaves ^u a sun-swept lawn2 & an elusive key to its beauty1 :i* is lo/ 9 ! bewild]+ maze ( trac]ies & ! inextricable network ( designs4 ,! =m1 b n ! fantasy1 ( ^! fairy-l1 fasc9at+ decorations may be reproduc$1 & ?is ,i h endeav\r$ to d4 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 8,,roy/on10 ,,hamp/ead1 ,n4 ,w4 #aije4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,cordova ,,page ,,! ,,mosque--,,pr9cipal ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #i ,,! ,,mosque--,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mihrab #aj ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don #aa ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,& ,,bridge ,,s\? ,,( ,,! ,,guadalquivir #ab ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #ab ,,fa,,ade ,,& ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,almanzor #ac ,,view ,,( ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #ifa-ifg #ad ,,! ,,mosque--,,plan ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,arabs #ghf-gif1 #ifa-ifg1 #ihh-ajja1 #aebc-aeic #ae ,,! ,,mosque--,,plan ,,9 ,,its ,,pres5t ,,/ate1 #ghf-gif1 #ifa-ifg1 #ihh-ajja1 #aebc-aeic #af ,,anci5t ,,arab ,,t[]1 ,,n[ ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ni*olas ,,de ,,la ,,villa #be ,,orange ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #ieg1 ,,by ,,said ,,b5 ,,ay\t #bf ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #bg ,,! ,,mosque--,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #bh ,,! ,,mosque--,,portal ,,on ,,! ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built ,,"u ,,hakam ,,iii41 #ihh-ajja #de ,,ext]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #dg ,,ext]ior ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #di ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #ea ,,! ,,bridge #ee ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,& ,,! ,,bridge #eg ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,plan ,l4 ,m4 #ei ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,plan ,n4 ,o4 #ei ,,! ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don #fa ,a ,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,belong+ ,,to ,,! ,,mosque #fe ,,! ,,mosque--,,lat]al ,,gate #fg ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,or ,,ca!dral #fi ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #ifa-ifg4 ,,"u ,,hakam ,,ii4 #ga ,,! ,,mosque #ge ,,! ,,mosque--,,int]ior ,,view #gg ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #gi ,,! ,,mosque--,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior #ha ,,! ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--#ifa-ifg #he ,,! ,,mosque--,,*ief ,,entrance #hg ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral #hi ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--,,lat]al ,,nave #ia ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--,,ea/ ,,side #ia ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,gate #ie ,,! ,,mosque--,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,almanzor #ie ,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque--#ifa-ifg #ig ,,! ,,mosque--,a ,,gate ,,on ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,lat]al ,,sides #ii ,,! ,,mosque--,,side ,,( ,,! ,,captive',s ,,column #aja ,,mosque1 ,,nor? ,,side--,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,/4 ,,p$ro #aje ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,masura ,,& ,,/4 ,,f]d9& #ajg ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,masura #aji ,,! ,,mosque--,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,koran #aaa ,,! ,,mosque--,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,koran #aae ,,! ,,mosque--,,mosaic ,,decoration ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y1 #ife-ajja #aag ,,! ,,mosque--,,"r-,,h& ,,side ,,gate ,,)9 ,,! ,,prec9cts ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah #aai ,,! ,,mosque--,,section ,,( ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #aba ,,! ,,mosque--,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y #abe ,,! ,,mosque--,,ro( ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,masura ,,& ,,/4 ,,f]d9& #abg ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel #abi ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,*ocolate #aca ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,ve/ibule ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #ace ,,mihrab ,,or ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #acg ,,! ,,mosque--,,ar* ,,& ,,front ,,( ,,! ,,abd-,,er-,,rahman ,,& ,,mihrab ,,*apels #aci ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #ada ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab ,,*apel #ade ,,! ,,mosque--,,details ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #adg ,,! ,,mosque--,,m>ble ,,socle ,,9 ,,! ,,mihrab #adi ,,basem5t ,,panel ,,( ,,! ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #aea ,,! ,,mosque--,,front ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel #aee ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa #aeg ,,nor? ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa #aei ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel #afa ,,! ,,mosque--,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa #afe ,,arab ,,tribune1 ,,to-,,day ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa1 ,,left ,,side #afg ,,anci5t ,,inscription ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,khalifate1 ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,an ,,excavation #afi ,,! ,,mosque--,,*apel ,,( ,,tra/am>a1 ,,s\? ,,side #aga ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel #aga ,,! ,,mosque--,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #age ,,! ,,mosque--,,arab ,,arcade ,,above ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mihrab #age ,,! ,,mosque--,,details1 ,,ar*es ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #agg ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #agg ,,! ,,mosque--,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #agi ,,! ,,mosque--,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sultan #agi ,,pr9cipal ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mosque #aha ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,ne> ,,! ,,mihrab #aha ,,! ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don #ahe ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,gate #ahe ,,! ,,mosque--,,pila/]s ,,& ,,arabian ,,ba?s #ahg ,,inscriptions ,,& ,,arabian ,,*apt]s #aia ,,! ,,mosque--,a ,,cufic ,,inscription ,,9 ,,! ,,place ,,appropriat$ ,,to ,,! ,,p]=mance ,,( ,,ablutions #aic ,,arabic ,,inscriptions #aie ,a ,,cufic ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,additions ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,khalif ,,al-,,hakam #aig ,,! ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,guadalquivir1 ,,) ,a ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral 7,,mezquita74 ,,! ,,sc5e ,,z ,,x ,,appe>$ ,,9 #aghj4 ,,f ,antigedades ,arabes de ,espaa4 ,,madrid1 #aghj1 ,,fol4 #bja ,,view ,,( ,,cordova ,,ca!dral 7,,mezquita71 ,,z ,,x ,,appe>$ ,,9 #aghj4 ,,f ,antigedades ,arabes de ,espaa4 ,,madrid1 #aghj1 ,,fol4 #bjc ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #bje ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab #bjg ,,! ,,mosque--,,ar* ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,gates #baa ,,! ,,mosque--,,lattice #bac ,,! ,,mosque--,,ornam5tal ,,ar*$ ,,w9d[ #bag ,,! ,,mosque--,,capitals ,,( ,,! ,,entrance ,,ar* #bai ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,frieze #bba ,,plan #bba ,,key/one ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,ar* #bba ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,cornice #bbc ,,capital ,,( ,,ar* #bbg ,,side ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,cornice #bbg ,,bases #bbg ,,ea/ ,,fa,,ade1 ,,)\t ,,! ,,portico #bbi ,,seville ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz> #bda ,,alcaz>--,,gates ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,entrance #bdc ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz> #bdg ,,*ief ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,alcaz>1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built ,,"u ,,don ,,p$ro ,i4 ,,! ,,cruel1 #acfi-acgi #bdi ,,alcaz>--,,pr9cipal ,,fa,,ade #bec ,,int]ior ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz> #bee ,,alcaz>--,,arcade ,,9 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,c\rt #bei ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior #bfa ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bfe ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #acfi-acgi #bfg ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bga ,,alcaz>--,,"r ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bgc ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bgg ,,alcaz>--,,upp] ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bgi ,,alcaz>--,,upp] ,,portions ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bhc ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls #bhe ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,little ,,c\rt #bhi ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,little ,,c\rt #bia ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors ,,f ,,! ,,little ,,c\rt #bie ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors #big ,,alcaz>--,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors #cja ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors #cjc ,,alcaz>--,,?rone ,,( ,,ju/ice #cjg ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors #cjg ,,alcaz>--,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s #cji ,,alcaz>--,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #acfi-acgi #cac ,,alcaz>--,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s #cae ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s #cai ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s #cba ,,alcaz>--,,gall]y ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s #cbe ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,sultana',s ,,ap>tm5t ,,& ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s #cbg ,,alcaz>--,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s #cca ,,alcaz>--,,dormitory ,,( ,,! ,,k+s #ccc ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,dormitory #ccg ,,alcaz>--,,front ,,( ,,! ,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s #cci ,,alcaz>--,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s #cci ,,alcaz>--,,room ,,( ,,! ,,infanta #cdc ,,alcaz>--,,columns ,,:]e ,,don ,,fadrique ,,0 ,,murd]$ #cde ,,alcaz>--,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,san ,,f]n&o #cdi ,,alcaz>--,,gall]y ,,( ,,hall ,,( ,,san ,,f]n&o #cdi ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,9 ,,:i* ,,k+ ,,san ,,f]n&o ,,di$ #cea ,,alcaz>--,,room ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ce #cee ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,gall]y ,,f ,,! ,,second ,,floor #ceg ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,giralda #cfa ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,giralda ,,t[] #cfc ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos #cfg ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos #cfi ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos--,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,by ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,*apel #cgc ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos--,,*apel #cge ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos #cgf ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos #cha ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,m$9a-,c,,li #che ,,tol$o ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,la ,,blanca--,,int]ior1 #aajj-aaej #cie ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,blood #cii ,,int]ior ,,( ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,la ,,blanca #dje ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sun #dji ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,mesa #dac ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,*ri/o ,,de ,,la ,,vega #dac ,,anci5t ,,gate ,,( ,,visagra #dai ,,ca/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,s]v&o #dai ,,moori% ,,sword #dbc ,,arab ,,fragm5t ,,at ,,t>ragona #dbi ,,anci5t ,,arabian ,,ba?s ,,at ,,palma1 ,,majorca #dce ,,moori% ,,designs ,,& ,,ornam5ts ,,designs ,,& ,,ornam5ts #ddg-did ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plates--,,hexagonal ,,family #die-ehf ,,li/ ,,( ,,col\r$ ,,plates ,,plate4 ,,description4 ,,frontispiece--,,v]tical ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,& ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,cordova4 ,i4 ,,%ell-,,l ,,ornam5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,cordova4 ,,ii4 ,,%ell-,,l ,,ornam5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,cordova4 ,,iii4 ,,%ell-,,l ,,ornam5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,cordova4 ,,iv4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,ornam5tation ,,& ,,key/one ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,l[] ,,ar*es1 ,,:i* ,,gives ,,light ,,to ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,,iv4 ,,r+ ,,( ,,! ,,cupola4 ,v4 ,,curvil9eal ,,triangles1 ,,result+ ,,f ,,! ,,int]section ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,su/a9+ ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,v4 ,,sett+ ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,su/a9+ ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,v4 ,,sett+ ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,su/a9+ ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,,vi4 ,,ornam5t ,,runn+ ,,bel[ ,,! ,,cupola4 ,,cordova4 ,,vi4 ,,ornam5t ,,runn+ ,,bel[ ,,! ,,cupola4 ,,cordova4 ,,vi4 ,,sett+ ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,l[] ,,ar*es1 ,,:i* ,,gives ,,light ,,to ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,,vii4 ,,curvil9eal ,,triangles1 ,,result+ ,,f ,,! ,,int]section ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,su/a9+ ,,! ,,dome4 ,,vii4 ,,ar*itrave ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,su/a9+ ,,! ,,dome4 ,,cordova4 ,,viii4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah4 ,,cordova4 ,,ix4 ,,ar*es ,,( ,,! ,,portal ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,cordova4 ,x4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,fram+ ,,( ,,! ,,side ,,gate4 ,,cordova4 ,x4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,w9d[ ,,plac$ ,,ov] ,,! ,,side ,,door4 ,,cordova4 ,x4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,fram+ ,,( ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,xi4 ,,w9d[s ,,9 ,,an ,,alcove4 ,,xii4 ,,arab ,,vase ,,( ,,metallic ,,lu/re4 ,,xiii4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es4 ,,xiv4 ,,c5tre ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,a ,,ceil+4 ,,xv4 ,,divan4 ,,xvi4 ,,detail ,,( ,,an ,,ar*4 ,,xvii4 ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,murada4 ,,xviii4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,xviii4 ,,detail ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,ar*es ,,( ,,! ,,cupola4 ,,xviii4 ,,mosaic ,,key/ones ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,xix4 ,,details1 ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel ,,& ,,mihrab4 ,,xx4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,xxi4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,xxii4 ,,details ,,( ,,moori% ,,"w4 ,,xxiii4 ,,details1 ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel ,,& ,,mihrab4 ,,xxiv4 ,,details ,,( ,,moori% ,,"w4 ,,xxv4 ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 ,,seville4 ,,xxv4 ,,/ucco ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 ,,seville4 ,,xxv4 ,,mosaic ,,9 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,c\rt4 ,,seville4 ,,xxv4 ,,mosaic ,,9 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,c\rt4 ,,seville4 ,,xxvi4 ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors--,,details4 ,,seville4 ,,xxvii4 ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors--,,details4 ,,seville4 ,,xxviii4 ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors--,,details4 ,,seville4 ,,xxix4 ,,blank ,,w9d[4 ,,xxx4 ,,s(fit ,,( ,,ar*4 ,,xxxi4 ,,cornice ,,at ,,spr++ ,,( ,,ar* ,,( ,,doorway ,,at ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,entrances4 ,,xxxii4 ,,bord]s ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,bord]s ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,bord] ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xxxv4 ,,ornam5t ,,9 ,,panels ,,on ,,! ,,wall4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,b&s1 ,,side ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,b&s1 ,,side ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xxxviii4 ,,ornam5ts ,,on ,,panels4 ,,xxxix4 ,,ornam5ts ,,on ,,panels4 ,,xl4 ,,ornam5ts ,,on ,,panels4 ,,xli4 ,,ornam5ts ,,on ,,panels ,,xlii4 ,,frieze ,,9 ,,! ,,upp] ,,*amb]1 ,,h\se ,,( ,,san*ez4 ,,xliii4 ,,cornice ,,at ,,spr++ ,,( ,,ar*es ,,9 ,a ,,w9d[4 ,,xliv4 ,,panels ,,on ,,walls4 ,,xlv4 ,,sp&rils ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xlvi4 ,,sp&rils ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xlvii4 ,,sp&rils ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,xlviii4 ,,pla/] ,,ornam5ts1 ,,us$ ,,z ,,upright ,,& ,,horizontal ,,b&s ,,enclos+ ,,panels ,,on ,,! ,,walls4 ,,xlix4 ,,blank ,,w9d[4 ,l4 ,,raft]s ,,( ,a ,,ro( ,,ov] ,a ,,doorway1 ,,n[ ,,de/roy$1 ,,b5ea? ,,! ,,tocador ,,de ,,la ,,reyna4 ,,li4 ,,b& ,,at ,,spr++ ,,( ,,ar* ,,at ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,halls4 ,,lii4 ,,panell+ ,,( ,a ,,recess4 ,,liii4 ,,blank ,,w9d[4 ,,liv4 ,,ornam5ts ,,on ,,! ,,walls1 ,,h\se ,,( ,,san*ez4 ,,lv4 ,,ornam5t ,,9 ,,panels ,,on ,,! ,,walls4 ,,lvi4 ,,ornam5ts ,,9 ,,sp&rils ,,( ,,ar*es4 ,,lvii4 ,,mosaic ,,dado ,,9 ,a ,,w9d[1 ,c4 ,,lviii4 ,,mosaic ,,dados ,,on ,,pill>s4 ,,lix4 ,,mosaic ,,dados ,,on ,,pill>s4 ,,lx4 ,,mosaics4 ,,lxi4 ,,mosaic ,,dado ,,r\nd ,,! ,,int]nal ,,walls ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,lxii4 ,,pa9t$ ,,tiles4 ,,lxiii4 ,,mosaics4 ,,lxiv4 ,,mosaics4 ,,lxv4 ,,ornam5ts ,,9 ,,panels4 ,,lxvi4 ,,ornam5t ,,ov] ,,ar*es ,,at ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,entrances4 ,,lxvii4 ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,walls4 ,,lxviii4 ,,ornam5t ,,9 ,,panels ,,on ,,! ,,walls4 ,,lxix4 ,,small ,,panel ,,9 ,,jamb ,,( ,a ,,w9d[4 ,,lxx4 ,,small ,,panel ,,9 ,,jamb ,,( ,a ,,w9d[4 ,,lxxi4 ,,panel ,,9 ,,! ,,upp] ,,*amb] ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,san*ez4 ,,lxxii4 ,,sp&ril ,,f ,,ni*e ,,( ,,doorway ,,at ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,entrances4 ,,lxxiii4 ,,l9tel ,,( ,a ,,doorway4 ,,lxxiv4 ,,capital ,,( ,,columns4 ,,lxxv4 ,,capital ,,( ,,columns4 ,,lxxvi4 ,,capital ,,( ,,columns4 ,,lxxvii4 ,,socle ,,( ,,! ,,entrance ,,ar* ,,to ,,! ,,ante-,,*apel4 ,,lxxviii4 ,,socle ,,( ,,! ,,entrance ,,ar* ,,to ,,! ,,*apel4 ,,lxxix4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,tiles ,,( ,,! ,,alt>4 ,,lxxx4 ,,socle ,,9 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel4 ,,lxxxi4 ,,socle ,,9 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel4 ,,lxxxii4 ,,mosaics ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,halls4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,,mosaics ,,f ,,v>i\s ,,halls4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,,"p ,,( ,,ceil+ ,,( ,a ,,portico4 ,,moori% ,,rema9s ,,9 ,,spa9 ,,introductory ,! conque/ ( ,spa9 by ! ,moors1 & ! /ory compris$ 9 ! eight c5turies dur+ :i* !y wield$ sov]eignty z a ,european p[]1 =ms a romance t is )\t p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,"u ,mohamm$an rule ,spa9 enjoy$ ! fir/ & mo/ protract$ p]iod ( comp>ative peace & mat]ial prosp]ity %e _h ev] kn[n4 ,%e _h be5 plund]$ by ,c>?age & ,phnicia1 gr\nd b5ea? ! iron heel ( ,rome1 deva/at$ & enslav$ by ^? ,*ri/ianis$ b corrupt b>b>ians1 ! ,visigo?s4 ,all ! evils & demoralisation aris+ f successive waves ( bloody conque/ & decad5t voluptu\sness _h be5 s[n 9 ! brea/ ( ,spa94 ,! squ&]$ might ( ,c>?age _h left ! c\ntry a prey to ! vigor\s ,roman2 ! deg5]ate ,roman _h be5 bani%$ by ! rugg$1 victori\s ,go?1 :o1 aft] two c5turies ( security & s5sual ease1 0 to be made subject to ! w>like & enlight5$ ,moor4 ,once m ! l& 0 to be ov]run & ! face ( ! c\ntry 0 to be sc>r$ ) fire & ! sword2 once m ! p 7 to le>n to s]ve new ma/]s & con=m to new laws4 ,( a tru? ! la/ /ate mu/ h seem$ worse ?an ! fir/ to ! ,romanis$ ,spani>ds4 ,c>?age _h br\ght *a9s1 b x _h also introduc$ artific]s & a =m ( ,gov]nm5t2 ! ,roman eagles _h be5 accompani$ by ,roman eng9e]s & road-build]s2 ! ,go?s erect$ ^u ! brok5 alt>s ( my?ology temples to ! liv+ ,god4 ,b x n[ seem$ t ! :ips ( anci5t foes 7 to be replac$ by ! scorpions ( _! new taskma/]s2 ! ,*ri/ianity :i* ! ,ea/ _h s5t !m 0 to be uproot$ by ! ,ea/]n infidels4 ,su* mu/ h be5 ! prospect be=e ,spa91 & ev5 be=e ! re/ ( ,europe1 :5 ,t>ik return$ 9 #gaj to ,ceuta1 f a m>aud+ exp$ition ^u ! coa/ ( ,&alusia1 & report$ to ,musa1 ! son ( ,noseyr1 ! ,arab ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,africa1 t ! c\ntry 0 ripe = conque/ & well wor? ! haz>d ( ! ca/4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ! ,moslems _h ov]run ,spa91 captur$ ,bordeaux by assault & advanc$ to ! conque/ ( ,gaul4 ,x is pass+ /range to reflect t ^! f>-rea*+1 epo*-mak+ ev5ts _h n be5 und]tak5 z ! result ( a deep-laid s*eme ( national expansion or religi\s ent]prise4 ,accord+ to tradition ! f\ndation ( ! ,moslem supremacy 9 ,spa9 0 in/igat$ by ! hatr$ ( a s+le traitor1 ,c\nt ,julian1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,ceuta1 & 8 trea*]y 0 inspir$ by ! di%on\r ( "o "y girl--,julian's daught]1 ,flor9da4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury1 :5 ! ,moors _h ext5d$ _! possessions up to ! walls ( ,ceuta1 :i* 0 held = ,rod]ick1 ,k+ ( ,spa91 by ,c\nt ,julian1 ! ,c\nt1 9 accordance ) ! cu/om among ! ,go?ic nobility1 _h s5t 8 daught] to ! ,c\rt ( ,rod]ick1 at ,tol$o1 to be educat$ among ! ,que5's g5tlewom5 9 a mann] befitt+ h] rank & l9eage4 ,! re/ is ! old /ory ( a beautiful1 unprotect$ girl1 a lascivi\s gu>dian1 & a fa!r ?ir/+ = v5geance4 ,s f> ,c\nt ,julian _h def5d$ ,ceuta aga9/ ! ,moors ) unbrok5 success1 n[ he came to ,tol$o to relieve ! k+ ( ! cu/ody ( 8 daught]1 & repay ! brea* ( tru/ :i* ,rod]ick _h committ$ by mak+ a compact ) ! k+'s enemies4 ,on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture f ! capital1 ! k+ reque/$ ! ,c\nt to s5d him "s hawks ( a special v>iety t he desir$ = hunt+ purposes1 & ! v5geful noble pl$g$ himself to supply 8 ma/] ) hawks1 ! l ( :i* he _h nev] se54 ,b ,c\nt ,julian f\nd ! ,s>ac5ic hawks less ke5 = ! hunt+ he _h 9 view ?an he expect$4 ,t old bird ( prey1 ,musa1 li/5$ to ! allur+ tales ( ! ri*ness & beauty ( ,spa91 b d\bt$ ! good fai? ( 8 long-"t enemy1 :o propos$ t ! ,moors %\ld invade ?is promis$ l& 9 ,spani% %ips1 l5t to !m = ! purpose4 ,b ! love ( conque/ & ! lu/ ( loot1 :i* _h inspir$ & su/a9$ ! ,arab arms 9 all _! t]ritorial campaigns1 ov]came ! natural hesitancy ( ! ,moori% ,gov]nor1 & 9 #gaj ,musa despat*$ ,t>ik ) a small exp$ition to spy out ! /ate ( ! ,spani% coa/4 ,s successful 0 ! mission1 & s ri* ! plund] !y br\ght back1 t 9 ! foll[+ ye> he adv5tur$ an army ( #g1jjj m5 "u ,t>ik = ! spoliation ( ,&alusia4 ,t>ik1 :o l&$ at ! rock ( ,gibralt>--,gebal ,t>ik1 :i* /ill be>s 8 "n--captur$ ,c>teya1 & enc\nt]$ ! army ( ,rod]ick1 :o _h hurri$ f ! ,nor? ( 8 dom9ions to repel ! invad]s1 on ! banks ( ! ,guadalete4 ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 9 ! ,conque/ ( ,spa91 has relat$1 9 8 brilliantly picturesque /yle1 ! old leg5d ( ! prophecy ( ,rod]ick's ov]?r[ & ! my/]y surr\nd+ 8 dea?4 ,! k+ 0 pro( aga9/ ! solemn w>n+s ( ! old w>d]s ( ! t[] ( ,h]cules1--! t[] ( 8jasp] & m>ble1 inlaid 9 subtle devices1 :i* %one 9 ! rays ( ! sun10--:]e9 lay ! secret ( ,spa9's future1 seal$ by a magic spell1 & gu>d$ by a massive iron gate1 & secur$ by ! locks affix$ to x by e successive ,spani% k+ s9ce ! days ( ,h]cules4 ,rod]ick came n to set a new lock ^u ! gate1 b to bur/ ! bolts ( ! c5turies & reveal ! my/]y t 8 pr$ecessors _h gone d[n into _! graves )\t solv+4 ,all day long 8 c\rti]s urg$ him va9ly aga9/ 8 own undo+1 & ! cu/odians lab\r$ at ! ru/y locks1 & at ev5+ he ent]$ ! mighty1 out] hall1 ru%$ pa/ ! bronze w>d]1 p5etrat$ ! inn] *amb]1 & read ! inscription atta*$ to ! casket1 :i* ,h]cules _h deposit$ 9 ! gem-encru/$ t[]4 8,9 ?is c(f] is ! my/]y ( ! ,t[]4 ,! h& ( none b a ,k+ c op5 x2 b let him bew>e1 = wond]ful ?+s w be disclos$ to him1 :i* mu/ happ5 be=e 8 dea?40 ,9 a mom5t ! lid is priz$ op51 ! p>*m5t1 fold$ betwe5 plates ( copp]1 is br\ght into ! light ( day1 & ! k+ has read ! motto inscrib$ ^u ! bord]3 8,behold1 ra% man1 ^? :o %all hurl !e f ?y ?rone & subdue ?y ,k+dom40 ,b5ea? ! motto is drawn a panorama ( horsem51 fi]ce ( c\nt5ance1 arm$ ) b[s & scimit>s4 ,z ! k+ gazes wond]+ly ^u ! picture1 ! s\nd ( w>f>e ru%es on 8 e>1 ! *amb] is fill$ ) a cl\d1 & 9 ! cl\d ! horsem5 b5d =w>d 9 _! saddles & raise _! arms to /rike4 ,amaz$ & t]roris$1 ,rod]ick & 8 c\rti]s drew back & 8beheld be=e !m a great field ( battle1 :]e ,*ri/ians & ,moors 7 engag$ 9 deadly conflict4 ,!y he>d ! ru% & tramp ( /e$s1 ! bla/ ( trump & cl>ion1 ! cla% ( cymbal1 & ! /ormy d9 ( a ?\s& drums4 ,!re 0 ! fla% ( swords & maces & battle axes1 ) ! :i/l+ ( arr[s & hurl+ ( d>ts & lances4 ,! ,*ri/ian quail$ be=e ! foe4 ,! infidels press$ ^u !m1 & put !m to utt] r\t2 ! /&>d ( ! ,cross 0 ca/ d[n1 ! bann] ( ,spa9 0 trodd5 "u foot1 ! air res\nd$ ) %\ts ( triumph1 ) yells ( fury1 & ! groans ( dy+ m54 ,amid/ ! fly+ squadrons1 ,k+ ,rod]ick beheld a cr[n$ w>rior1 ^: back 0 turn$ t[>ds him1 b ^: arm\r & device 7 8 own1 & :o 0 m\nt$ on a :ite /e$ t resembl$ 8 own w> horse1 ,orelia4 ,9 ! confusion ( ! fight1 ! w>rior 0 dism\nt$ & 0 no long] to be se51 & ,orelia gallop$ wildly ?r\gh ! field ( battle )\t a rid]40 ,! vision he _h witness$ 9 ! ,t[] ( ,h]cules mu/ h recurr$ to ,rod]ick :5 he saw ! ,moori% army encamp$ aga9/ him by ! wat]s ( ! ,guadalete1 b he mu/ h not$ its numb]s ) surprise1 & contemplat$ 8 own ho/ ) complac5cy4 ,= ,t>ik1 ev5 ) 8 ,b]b] re9=cem5ts1 only c\nt$ #ab1jjj m51 & ne>ly f\r score ?\s& slept b5ea? ! /&>d ( ,spa94 ,if ev] prophecy 0 calculat$ to be f\nd at fault x mu/ h seem$ to be s t day1 & ,t>ik publi%$ 8 e/imate ( ! enormity ( ! odds t 7 aga9/ him :5 he cri$ to 8 army ( fatali/s1 8,m51 be=e y is ! enemy1 & ! sea is at y\r backs4 ,by ,allah1 !re is no escape = y1 save 9 val\r & resolution40 ,b val\r & resolution belong$ to ! ,spani>ds z well z to ! ,moors2 &1 b = ! action ( ! k9sm5 ( ! de?ron$ ,k+ ,witiza1 :o des]t$ to ! side ( ! ,s>ac5s 9 ! mid/ ( ! sev5 day battle1 ! ,moori% conque/ w\ld h be5 delay$1 if n ev5 entirely ab&on$4 ,b ,witiza's adh]5ts turn$ ! tide ( battle aga9/ ,rod]ick1 ! ,spani>ds broke & fl$1 & ,orelia gallop$ rid]less ?r\gh ! field4 ,t>ik1 9 a s+le enc\nt]1 _h won all ,spa9 = ! infidels4 ,)\t hesitation1 & 9 defiance ( ! comm&s ( ,musa1 :o covet$ ! glory t 8 lieut5ant _h s unexpect$ly won1 ,t>ik proce$$ to make good 8 ma/]y ( ! entire ,p59sula4 ,he despat*$ a =ce ( sev5 hundr$ horsem5 to capture ,cordova2 ,ar*idona & ,malaga capitulat$ )\t /rik+ a bl[2 & ,elvira 0 tak5 by /orm4 ,city aft] city surr5d]$ to ! victori\s invad]s1 & ! pr9ciples ( true *ivalry1 :i* ! ,moors inv>iably obs]v$1 reconcil$ ! vanqui%$ ,spani>ds to _! new conqu]ors4 ,! common p welcom$ ! promise ( a new era1 :ile ! nobles fl$ be=e ! advanc+ armies1 & ab&on$ ! c\ntry to ! enemy4 ,) ! surr5d] ( ,tol$o1 ,t>ik _h add$ a new dom9ion to ! cr[n ( ,damascus4 ,musa left ,ceuta 9 #gab ) #ah1jjj m5 to jo9 ,t>ik at ,tol$o1 tak+ ,seville1 ,c>mona1 & ,m]ida en r\te4 ,! meet+ ( ! ,gov]nor & 8 ,g5]al at ! capital reveal$ ! fir/ fla% ( t fire ( p]sonal jeal\sy & int]nec9e conflict :i* kept ,spa9 9 a blaze ?r\gh\t ! eight c5turies ( ! ,moori% occupation4 ,to ! intrepid w>riors1 :o 7 br$ to w> & tra9$ to ! bus9ess ( conque/1 ! ,pyr5ees repres5t$1 n a b> to fur!r progress1 b a bulw>k f :i* !y 7 to advance to ! subjugation ( ,europe4 ,! total defeat ( ! ,s>ac5s "u ! walls ( ,t\l\se by ! ,duke ( ,aquitana 9 #gba turn$ _! c\rse we/w>ds2 & aft] occupy+ ,c>casonne & ,n>bonne1 raid+ ,burgundy & c>ry+ ,bordeaux by assault1 !y suff]$ a decisive defeat at ! h&s ( ! ,franks1 "u ,*>les ,m>tel1 at ! ,battle ( ,t\rs 9 #gcc4 ,! tide ( ,arabian aggression 0 arre/$ & roll$ back2 & al?\gh ! ,moors repuls$ ! ,franki% invasion ( ,spa9 "u ,*>lemagne1 a b\nd _h be5 put ^u _! empire-build+ ambitions1 & !y set !mselves resolutely to accompli% ! pacification ( ! k+dom !y _h already won4 ,x is ! boa/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,spani>ds1 ! h>dy m\nta9e]s ( ,galicia & ,leon1 ( ,ca/ile & ! ,biscayan prov9ces1 t !y 7 nev] subject to ,moslem rule4 ,!re is good w>rant = _! claim1 & 9 tru? ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,nor? 0 ma9ta9$1 b ! fact rema9s t ! ,moors _h no desire = ^? bleak & unfruitful di/ricts2 & s long z ! savage ,basques did n di/urb ! security ( ,arabian t5ure 9 ! f]tile ,s\?1 !y 7 left 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! dre>y1 froz5 fa/nesses1 & _! w9d-swept1 arid wa/es4 ,! ,moors _h made !mselves secure 9 ! smil+ c\ntry t1 r\ghly speak+1 lies ,s\? ( ! ,si]ra de ,guad>rama2 & "h1 ) a g5ius & success t 0 unprec$5t$1 !y organis$ ! ,k+dom ( ,cordova4 8,x mu/ n be suppos$10 writes ,mr4 ,/anley ,lane-,poole1 8t ! ,moors1 l ! b>b>ian hordes :o prec$$ !m1 br\ght desolation & tyranny 9 _! wake4 ,on ! contr>y1 nev] 0 ,&alusia s mildly1 ju/ly1 & wisely gov]n$ z by ! ,arab conqu]ors4 ,:]e !y got _! tal5t = adm9i/ration x is h>d to say1 = !y came almo/ direct f _! ,arabian des]ts1 & _! rapid tide ( victories _h left !m little leisure to acquire ! art ( manag+ =eign nations4 ,"s ( _! ,c\nsellors 7 ,greeks & ,spani>ds1 b ?is does n expla9 ! problem2 = ^! same ,c\nsellors 7 unable to produce simil> results else:]e2 all ! adm9i/rative tal5t ( ,spa9 _h n suffic$ to make ! ,go?ic dom9ation tol]able to its subjects4 ,"u ! ,moors1 on ! o!r h&1 ! p 7 on ! :ole cont5t$--z cont5t$ z any p c be ^: rul]s are ( a sep>ate race & cre$--& f> bett] pleas$ ?an !y _h be5 :5 _! sov]eigns belong$ to ! same religion z t :i* !y nom9ally pr(ess$4 ,religion 01 inde$1 ! smalle/ difficulty :i* ! ,moors _h to cont5d ) at ! outset1 ?\gh x _h become tr\blesome aft]w>ds4 ,! ,spani>ds 7 z mu* pagan z ,*ri/ian2 ! new cre$ promulgat$ by ,con/ant9e _h made little impression among ! g5]al mass ( ! population1 :o 7 /ill pr$om9antly ,roman4 ,:at !y want$ 0--n a cre$1 b ! p[] to live _! lives 9 peace & prosp]ity4 ,?is _! ,moori% ma/]s gave !m40 ,! p 7 all[$ to reta9 _! own religion & _! own laws & judges2 & ) ! exception ( ! poll tax1 :i* 0 levi$ only ^u ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 _! impo/s 7 no heavi] ?an ^? paid by ! ,moors4 ,! slaves 7 treat$ ) a mildness :i* !y _h nev] kn[n "u ! ,romans or ! ,go?s1 &1 moreov]1 !y _h only to make a decl>ation ( ,mohamm$anism--to repeat ! =mula ( belief1 8,!re is no ,god b ,god1 & ,mohamm$ is ,8 ,prophet0--to ga9 _! fre$om4 ,by ! same simple process1 m5 ( position & weal? secur$ equal rights ) _! conqu]]s4 ,b :ile ! ,moors ?us practis$ ! sci5ce ( pacification1 !y 7 unable to conqu] _! own racial in/9cts1 :i* f\nd _! v5t 9 jeal\s blood feuds & ceaseless int]nal conflicts4 ,9 ! field ! ,arabs 7 a unit$ p2 "u /ress ( w>f>e _! rivalries 7 =gott52 b ! racial _s ( ! conqu]ors reass]t$ itself :5 ! /ress ( conque/ gave place to 8dimpl+ peace10 & gov]nm5t by murd] creat$ con/ant *anges 9 ! adm9i/ration4 ,! ,arabs & ! ,b]b]s1 ?\gh !y may be reg>d$ z "o race 9 _! dom9ation ( ,spa91 7 two entirely di/9ct & fi]cely ho/ile tribes4 ,! ,b]b]s ( ,t>ik _h accompli%$ ! conque/ ( ,spa91 b ! ,arabs arriv$ 9 "t to seize ! lion's %>e ( ! spoils ( victory2 & :5 ! ,b]b] insurrection 9 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,pr9cipal ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,& ,,bridge ,,s\? ,,( ,,! ,,guadalquivir ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,fa,,ade ,,& ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,almanzor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,view ,,( ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #ifa-ifg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,i4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,plan ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,arabs #ghf-gif1 #ifa-ifg1 #ihh-ajja1 #aebc-aeic4 ,a--,gate ( ,p>don4 ,b--,bell ,t[]4 ,c--,orange ,c\rt4 ,d--,pr9cipal ,entrance4 ,e--,mosque ( ! "t #ghf-gif4 ,f--,tribunal :]e ! ,mufti prays4 ,g--,portion ( ! "t #ifa-ifg4 ,h--,hall :]e ! ,koran is kept4 ,i--,sanctu>y4 ,k--,portion add$ 9 #ihh-ajja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,ii4 ,,! ,,mosque--,,plan ,,9 ,,its ,,pres5t ,,/ate4 #ghf-gif1 #ifa-ifg1 #ihh-ajja1 #aebc-aeic4 ,l--,pr9cipal ,*apel4 ,m--,*oir4 ,n--,fir/ ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,o--,*apels4 ,p--,! ,c>d9al's ,*apel4 ,nor? ,africa triumph$1 _! ,b]b] bre?r51 :o _h be5 relegat$ to ! lea/ cong5ial di/ricts ( ,e/remadura1 r\s$ !mselves to measures ( retaliation1 & c>ri$ _! /&>ds to ! gates ( ,tol$o & ,cordova4 ,9 al>m1 ! ,arab ,gov]nor ( ,&alusia s5t = 8 compatriots ( ,ceuta to aid him1 & he expiat$ 8 folly ) 8 life4 ,! ,african cont+5t r\t$ ! ,b]b]s1 murd]$ ! ,arab ,gov]nor1 & set up _! own *ief 9 8 place1 until ,abd-er-,rahman arriv$ f ,damascus to unite all factions1 = a :ile1 "u ! /&>d ( ! ,sultan ( ,cordova4 ,abd-er-,rahman1 :i* signifies 8,s]vant ( ! ,m]ciful ,god10 0 a memb] ( ! depos$ family ( ! ,omeyyads1 :i* _h giv5 f\rte5 khalifs to ! ?rone ( ,damascus4 ,! usurp+ khalif1 ,es-,deffah1 8,! ,but*]10 :o f\nd$ ! dyna/y ( ! ,abbasides1 practically ext]m9at$ ! ,omeyyad family1 b ,abd-er-,rahman elud$ 8 vigilance1 &1 aft] ab&on+ a project to make himself ! ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,africa1 he det]m9$ to c>ry 8 pr9cely pret5sions to ! newly-f\nd$ ,spani% dom9ions4 ,9 ,&alusia1 ! adv5t ( ! ,omeyyads 0 hail$ ) en?usiasm4 ,! army ( ! ,gov]nor des]t$ to ! /&>d ( ! "y pret5d]2 ,ar*idona & ,seville 7 induc$ to ?r[ op5 _! gates to him by a piece ( que/ionable /rategy2 he defeat$ ! troops t oppos$ 8 m>* ^u ,cordova1 & be=e ! end ( ! ye> #gef1 or "s fifte5 mon?s aft] sett+ foot 9 ! c\ntry1 all ! ,arab "p ( ,spa9 _h ackn[l$g$ ! dyna/y ( ! ,omeyyads1 :i* = ?ree c5turies 0 to endure 9 ,cordova4 ,brave1 unscrupul\s1 & in/ant 9 action1 ,abd-er-,rahman _h rec\rse to e wile ( diplomacy1 ( sev]ity1 & ( val\r to ma9ta9 8 supremacy 9 ,spa94 ,he defeat$ & utt]ly annihilat$ an invad+ army s5t aga9/ him by ! ,abbaside khalif1 ,mansur1 & s5t a sackful ( ! heads ( 8 g5]als z a pres5t to _! ma/]2 he won ov] ! p ( ,tol$o by false promises1 & crucifi$ _! lead]s2 he _h ! ,yem5ite *ief assass9at$ :ile receiv+ him z an hon\r$ gue/2 he cru%$ a revolt ( ! ,b]b]s 9 ! ,nor?1 & ( ! ,yem5ites 9 ! ,s\?2 he saw ! =ces ( ,*>lemagne wa/e away 9 ! bloody fa/nesses ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,by trea*]y & ! sword1 by false oa?s & murd]1 he triumph$ ov] e rival & enemy until all insurrection _h be5 cru%$ by 8 rel5tless might1 & ! ,khalif ,mansur 0 fa9 to exclaim3 8,?ank ,god1 !re is a sea betwe5 t man & me40 ,9 an eloqu5t tribute to 8 8d>+1 wisdom1 & prud5ce10 8 old-"t enemy ?us extoll$ ! g5ius ( ! conqu]or3 8,to ent] ! pa?s ( de/ruction1 ?r[ himself into a di/ant l&1 h>d to approa* & well def5d$1 !re to pr(it by ! jeal\sies ( ! rival p>ties to make !m turn _! arms aga9/ "o ano!r in/ead ( aga9/ himself1 to w9 ! homage & ob$i5ce ( 8 subjects1 & hav+ ov]come e difficulty1 to rule supreme "l ( all6 ,( a tru?1 no man be=e him has done ?is60 ,b ! tyrant ( ,spa9 0 to pay a great & t]rible price = 8 triumphs4 ,he _h e/abli%$ himself 9 a k+dom 9 :i* he 0 to /& alone4 ,long be=e 8 dea? he f\nd himself =sak5 by 8 k9sm51 des]t$ by 8 fri5ds1 abhorr$ by 8 enemies2 on all sides dete/$ & avoid$1 he immur$ himself 9 ! fa/nesses ( 8 palace1 or w5t abroad surr\nd$ by a /rong gu>d ( hir$ m]c5>ies4 ,8 son & successor1 ,hi%am1 practis$ dur+ ! eight ye>s ( 8 reign an exempl>y piety1 & s enc\rag$ & *]i%$ ! !ological /ud5ts & preceptors ( ,cordova1 t !y rebell$ aga9/ ! light-he>t$1 pleasure-lov+ ,hakam1 :o succe$$ him1 & incit$ ! p to op5 rebellion4 ,b :ile ! insurrectioni/s besieg$ ! palace1 ! ,sultan's soldi]s set fire to a suburb ( ! city2 & :5 ! p retir$ t]ror /rick5 to ! rescue ( _! homes & families1 !y f\nd !mselves betwe5 ! palace g>rison & ! loyal inc5di>ies4 ,! revolt end$ 9 a massacre1 b ! dyna/y 0 sav$1 & ! palace 0 pres]v$ to become ! nucleus ( ! gorge\s city :i* ,hakam's son1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii41 0 to fa%ion aft] ! /yle ( ,h>un-er-,ra%id at ,baghdad4 ,"u ?is /hetic mon>*1 ,cordova became "o ( ! mo/ beautiful cities 9 ! _w4 ,its palaces & g>d5s1 its mosques & bridges 7 ! wond] ( ,europe2 its c\rti]s made a pr(ession ( culture2 its arbit] ( fa%ion aga9 ass]t$ himself z ! fir/ man 9 ! empire4 ,9 su* a city1 & at su* an epo*1 x 0 natural1 ev5 inevitable1 t ,*ri/ianity %\ld ass]t itself z a prote/ aga9/ ! fa%ion ( ! age4 ,b s tol]ant 0 ! ,mohamm$an rule 9 religi\s matt]s1 t ! too exalt$ _s ( ! ,cordovan ,*ri/ians 0 h>d put to x to f9d "s excuse = its manife/ation ( discont5t4 ,:ile ! sultan & 8 nobles f\nd _! pleasure 9 music1 poetry1 & o!r /hetic if less comm5dable indulg5ces1 ! prejudices ( ! dev\t 7 always respect$4 ,prosecution = religi\s convictions 0 unhe>d (1 & ! only way t ! ,*ri/ians c\ld a*ieve m>tyrdom = _! fai? 0 by blasphem+ ! cre$ ( _! ,moslem rul]s4 ,^! e>ly fanatics1 ^: religi\s rites & beliefs _h be5 treat$ ) respect by ! ,mohamm$ans1 & :o knew t by ,moslem law he :o blasphemes ! ,prophet ,mohamm$ or 8 religion mu/ die1 volunt>ily transgress$ ! law = ! purpose ( a*iev+ _! object4 ,9 spite ( w>n+s1 ( prote/s1 & ( e>ne/ c\nsel1 ^! suicidal devotees curs$ ! "n ( ! ,prophet1 & expiat$ _! wilful fanaticism ) dea?4 ,) ! exception ( ?is p]iod ( religi\s mania1 :i* 0 bewail$ by ! g5]al body ( ,*ri/ians1 & reg>d$ ) unfeign$ sorr[ by ! ,mohamm$an judges1 ! tol]ance ( ! ,moors to ! ,*ri/ians 0 z unv>y+ z x 0 rem>kable4 ,aft] ! execution1 9 ! ye> #hei1 ( ,eulogius1 a fanatical prie/1 & ! lead] ( ^! misguid$ m>tyrs1 :o 0 fruitlessly entreat$ by 8 judges to retract 8 mal$ictions aga9/ ! ,prophet & be re/or$ to fre$om1 ! mad movem5t flick]$ & di$ out4 ,b ! devotion display$ by ! ,cordovan ,*ri/ians _h made its effects felt 9 widespread rebellion 9 ! prov9ces1 & a s]ies ( incapable sov]eigns _h r$uc$ ! ?rone to ! /ate ( an isl& surr\nd$ by a rivulet ( =eign soldi]s1 9 a c\ntry bri/l+ ) faction jeal\sies & discont5t4 ,spa9 _h fall5 a prey to an>*y1 & ! end ( ,mohamm$an rule appe>$ imm95t4 ,petty k+s & gov]nors _h ?r[n (f _! allegiance2 ,b]b]s1 ,arabs1 ,mohamm$an ,spani>ds & ,*ri/ians _h ea* ass]t$ _! absolute indep5d5ce2 & ! sultan at ,cordova 0 8suff]+ all ! ills ( beleagu]m5t40 ,! la/ ve/ige ( ! p[] ( ! ,omeyyads 0 fall+ away :5 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 came to ! ?rone to reconqu] ,spa91 & br+ ! rebel nobles to _! knees4 ,! new sultan 0 a lad ( tw5ty-"o1 b he knew 8 c\ntrym51 & he realis$ t aft] a c5tury ( lawlessness & wa/+ /rife1 ! p 7 ripe = a /rong & effectual gov]nm5t4 ,! ,cordovans 7 won by 8 h&some pres5ce & gallant be>+4 ,! boldness ( 8 programme br\ght him adh]5ts1 & ! we>9ess ( int]nec9e w>f>e1 :i* _h deva/at$ ! c\ntry1 prep>$ ! rebelli\s prov9ces = 8 com+4 ,seville op5$ h] gates to receive him1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,alg>ve r5d]$ tribute1 ! resi/ance ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ,regio 0 ov]come1 & ,murcia volunte]$ its allegiance4 ,tol$o alone1 t implacable revolutioni/1 reject$ all ,abd-er-,rahman's ov]tures1 & confid5tly await$ ! issue ( ! siege4 ,b ! haughty ,tol$ans _h n reckon$ ^u ! metal ( :i* ! new despot 0 made4 ,abd-er-,rahman _h no /oma* = ! suicidal tactics ( scal+ impregnable precipices1 b he 0 possess$ ( inf9ite pati5ce4 ,he calmly set himself to build a t[n on ! m\nta9 ov] aga9/ ,tol$o1 & to wait until fam9e %\ld compel ! inhabitants to capitulate4 ,) ! fall ( ,tol$o1 ! :ole ( ,mohamm$an ,spa9 0 once m re/or$ to ! sultans ( ,cordova4 ,! p[]1 once rega9$1 0 nev] relax$ 9 ! lifetime ( ,abd-er-,rahman4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,galicia might pu% s\?w>d z f> z ! great ,si]ra1 ,ordono ,,ii4 ( ,leon might br+ 8 m>aud+ ho/s to )9 a few leagues ( ,cordova1 & cause ,abd-er-,rahman to ex]t all 8 p]sonal & milit>y influ5ce to beat back ! ob/9ate ,nor!rn]s1 b ! /ability ( ! ?rone 0 nev] aga9 imp]ill$4 ,dur+ 8 fifty ye>s ( /r5u\s sov]eignty1 ! great ,abd-er-,rahman sav$ ,spa9 f ,african invasion & ,*ri/ian aggression2 he e/abli%$ an absolute p[] 9 ,cordova t br\ght ambassadors f e ,european mon>* to 8 c\rt2 & he made ! prosp]ity ( ,&alusia ! envy ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,?is wond]ful trans=mation 0 effect$ by a man :om ! ,moori% hi/orians describe z 8! milde/ & mo/ enlight5$ sov]eign t ev] rul$ a c\ntry4 ,8 meekness1 8 g5]osity1 & 8 love ( ju/ice became prov]bial4 ,none ( 8 ance/ors ev] surpass$ him 9 c\rage 9 ! field1 & zeal = religion2 he 0 fond ( sci5ce1 & ! patron ( ! le>n$1 ) :om he lov$ to conv]se40 ,9 #ifa1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 ! la/ great ,omeyyad ,sultan ( ,cordova1 di$4 ,8 son ,hakam ,,ii4 employ$ ! peace :i* he inh]it$ f 8 illu/ri\s fa!r 9 ! /udy ( books & ! =mation ( a libr>y1 :i* consi/$ ( no few] ?an f\r hundr$ ?\s& works4 ,b 9 8 reign1 ! note ( absolute despotism :i* _h re-e/abli%$ ! ,empire ( ,cordova1 0 less evid5t2 & :5 at 8 dea?1 8 twelve-ye>-old son1 ,hi%am ,,ii41 asc5d$ ! ?rone1 ! gov]nm5t 0 ripe = ! delegation ( k+ly p[] to fav\rites & m9i/]s4 ,! ,sultana ,aurora1 ! ,que5 ,"m1 _h already abrogat$ t p[]1 & 0 wield+ an influ5ce t ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 w\ld n h tol]at$ = an in/ant1 & h] fav\rite--an undi/+ui%$ /ud5t ( ,cordova1 nam$ ,ibn-,aby-,amir--0 wait+ to turn h] influ5ce & fav\r to 8 own advantage4 ,?is y\?1 :o is kn[n to hi/ory z ,almanzor1 or 8,victori\s by ! grace ( ,god0--a title conc$$ to him by virtue ( 8 _m victories ov] ! ,*ri/ians--0 possess$ ( pluck1 g5ius1 & ambition 9 almo/ equal proportions2 & by ! opportunity = _! indulg5ce :i* ! h>em influ5ce af=d$1 he made himself virtual ma/] ( ,&alusia4 ,9 8 capacity ( pr(essional lett]-writ] to ! c\rt s]vants1 ,almanzor won ! patronage ( ! ,gr& ,*amb]la91 & 8 appo9tm5t to a m9or (fice br\ght him into p]sonal contact ) ,aurora--:o fell 9 love ) ! engag+ "y c\rti]--& ) ! pr9cesses1 ^: good graces he assidu\sly cultivat$4 ,8 *>m ( mann] & unfail+ c\rtesy ga9$ = him ! c\nt5ance ( _m p]sons ( rank1 & 8 k9dness & lavi% g5]osity secur$ him ! allegiance ( 8 inf]iors4 ,by degrees he acquir$ a plurality ( important & lucrative po/s2 he e>n$ ! gratitude ( ! ,que5 ,"m by arrang+ ! assass9ation ( a rival claimant :o oppos$ ! accession ( h] son ,hi%am to ! ?rone2 & he volunte]$ to lead ! sultan's army aga9/ 8 insurrection>y subjects ( ,leon4 ,almanzor 0 )\t milit>y tra9+ or exp]i5ce1 b he _h no misgiv+s ^u ! score ( 8 own ability1 & 8 fai? 9 himself 0 ju/ifi$4 ,8 victories ov] ! ,leonese made him ! idol ( ! army2 & on ! /r5g? ( 8 increas$ popul>ity he appo9t$ himself ,prefect ( ,cordova1 & spe$ily r5d]$ ! city a model ( ord]l9ess & good gov]nm5t4 ,by a politic impea*m5t ( ! ,gr& ,*amb]la9 = f9ancial irregul>ities1 he pres5tly succe$$ 8 own patron 9 ! fir/ (fice 9 ! ,/ate1 & became supreme rul] ( ! k+dom4 ,almanzor _h all[$ no scruple or fe> to ?w>t him 9 8 /ruggle = ! pr\d position he _h atta9$1 & he n[ p]mitt$ no?+ to m5ace ! p[] he _h s h>dly won4 ,he met intrigue ) intrigue1 & disc\rag$ trea*]y by timely assass9ation4 ,he placat$ hector+1 or?odox ,moslems2 he curtail$ ! influ5ce ( 8 =midable rival1 ,ghalib1 ! ador$ head ( ! army2 he conciliat$ ! ,cordovans by mak+ spl5did additions to ! mosque2 he t]roris$ ! n[ jeal\s ,aurora & ! palace p>ty into quiesc5ce2 & he kept ! khalif himself 9 subjection by ! magnetism ( 8 own ma/]ful p]sonality4 ,8 ,african campaigns ext5d$ ! dom9ion ( ,spa9 along ! ,b>b>y coa/1 & 8 p]iodical invasions ( ,leon & ,ca/ile kept ! ,nor!rn prov9ces 9 subjection1 & 8 army cont5t$ & ri* ) ! spoils ( w>4 ,! ,*ri/ians _h t]rible reason to hate ?is inv9cible up/>t1 & x is n surpris+ to read 9 ! ,monki% annals1 ! record ( 8 dea? transcrib$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,9 #ajjb di$ ,almanzor1 & 0 buri$ 9 hell40 ,b if 8 dea? meant hell to ,almanzor1 z ! ,*ri/ians d\btless believ$1 x meant ! recurr5ce ( ! hell ( an>*y = ! ,k+dom ( ,spa94 ,)9 half a doz5 ye>s ( ! great ,*amb]la9's dea?1 ! c\ntry :i* _h be5 held toge!r by ! might ( "o man1 0 torn to pieces by jeal\s & tyrannical *iefs & rebelli\s tribal w>riors4 ,hi%am ,,ii4 0 dragg$ f 8 h>em seclusion1 & ! re9s ( ,gov]nm5t 7 ?ru/ into 8 incompet5t h&s4 ,he fail$1 & 0 compell$ to abdicate1 & ano!r khalif 0 set up 9 8 place4 ,= ! next tw5ty ye>s khalifs 7 en?ron$ & replac$ 9 monoton\s succession4 ,assass9ation foll[$ coronation1 & coronation assass9ation1 until ! pr9ces ( e p>ty look$ askance at ! blood-/a9$ ?rone1 :]e mon>*s & murd]]s play$ _! sev]al intimate p>ts4 ,outside ! capital1 an>*y & deva/ation 0 ravag+ ! c\ntry4 ,b]b]s & ,slavs 7 c>ry+ desolation into ! ,s\? & ,ea/ ( ! c\ntry1 & 9 ! ,nor? ! ,*ri/ians 7 unit+ to ?r[ (f _! dep5d5ce4 ,alfonso ,,vi4 0 sell+ 8 aid to ! rival *iefta9s 9 _! battles among/ !mselves1 & /or+ up 8 subsidies aga9/ ! day :5 he w\ld und]take ! re-conque/ ( ,spa94 ,! ,cid _h e/abli%$ 8 ,ca/ilian soldi]s 9 ,val5cia1 & ! voluptu\s1 deg5]ate ,mohamm$an pr9ces 7 panic-/rick5 by ! gr[+ disaffection & ! in/ant dang] :i* !y 7 p[]less to ov]come4 ,9 _! extremity !y s5t = assi/ance to ,africa1 :]e ,yusuf1 ! k+ ( a p[]ful set ( fanatics :om ! ,spani>ds nam$ ,almoravides1 _h made himself ma/] ( ! c\ntry f ,algi]s to ,s5egal4 ,yusuf came ) ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,anci5t ,,arab ,,t[]1 ,,n[ ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ni*olas ,,de ,,la ,,villa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,orange ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #ieg1 ,,by ,,said ,,b5 ,,ay\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 8 ,b]b] ho/s 9 #ajhf1 defeat$ ! ,*ri/ians1 "u ,alfonso1 ne> ,badajoz1 & leav+ ?ree ?\s& ( 8 m5 to /iff5 ! ranks ( ! ,&alusians 9 ma9ta9+ ! /ruggle1 he return$ to ,africa4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ! ,spani% ,mohamm$ans aga9 bes\ght ,yusuf to br+ 8 legions aga9/ _! ,*ri/ian despoil]s1 (f]+ him lib]al t]ms = 8 assi/ance1 & /ipulat+ only t he %\ld retire to 8 own dom9ions z soon z ! "w 0 complet$4 ,! ,almoravide k+ subscrib$ ! m readily to ?is condition1 s9ce 8 prie/ly c\nsellors absolv$ him f 8 oa?1 & _h little difficulty 9 conv9c+ him t 8 duty lay 9 ! pacification ( ! unhappy ,k+dom ( ,&alusia4 ,yusuf organis$ a =ce capable ( cont5d+ ) bo? ! ,*ri/ians ( ,ca/ile & 8 ,moori% allies4 ,! capitulation ( ,granada provid$ him ) ! means ( di/ribut+ va/ treasure among 8 av>ici\s foll[]s1 & promises ( ev5 great] booty inspir$ !m to fur!r fai?ful s]vice4 ,t>ifa1 ,seville1 & ! re/ ( ! important cities ( ,&alusia1 fell be=e ! treasure-hunt+ ,b]b]s2 & ) ! surr5d] ( ,val5cia1 on ! dea? ( ! ,cid1 ! re-conque/ ( ,mohamm$an ,spa9 0 practically complet$4 ,ord] 0 tempor>ily re/or$1 lives & prop]ty 7 once m respect$1 & a new era ( peace & prosp]ity appe>$ to h begun4 ,b ! deg5]at+ influ5ce ( weal? & luxuri\s ease1 :i* 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations _h sapp$ ! manhood ( ,spa9's successive conqu]ors1 play$ swift havoc ) ! untutor$ ,b]b]s4 ,at ! end ( a score ( ye>s1 ! ,ca/ilians1 l$ by ,alfonso 8! ,battl]10 _h resum$ ! (f5sive1 sack+ & burn+ ! small] t[ns1 & c>ry+ _! swords & tor*es to ! gates ( ,seville & ,cordova4 ,! ,almoravides 7 p[]less to resi/ _! vigor\s =ays4 ,! p ( ,&alus1 recognis+ ! p[]lessness ( _! protectors1 decl>$ _! indep5d5ce1 & ralli$ to ! ranks ( ! score ( petty *iefs :o rais$ _! /&>ds 9 e city & ca/le 9 ,&alusia1 & :o f\ght )1 or brib$ _! ,*ri/ian adv]s>ies = ! ma9t5ance ( _! vaunt$ p[]4 ,at ?is crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ,spa91 :5 ! dom9ion ( ! enfeebl$ & dissolute ,arab & ,b]b] lead]s 0 weak5+ be=e ! resolute onslaughts ( ! rude1 h>d-liv+1 & h>d-fight+ ,*ri/ians ( ! ,nor?1 a new =ce 0 creat$ to turn ! scale ( ,empire & prolong ! rule ( ! ,moslem 9 ,europe4 ,be=e ! ,almoravides _h be5 ov]?r[n 9 ,&alus1 ! ,almoravides 9 ,africa _h be5 vanqui%$ & disp]s$ by ! mighty ,almohades1 :o n[ reg>d$ ! annexation ( ,mohamm$an ,spa9 z ! natural & necess>y climax to ! "w ( conque/4 ,&alusia _h be5 a dep5d5ce ( ! ,almoravide ,empire2 x 0 n[ to be a dep5d5ce ( ! ,almoravides's successors4 ,betwe5 #aade & #aaej ! transf] 0 complet$2 b al?\gh ! ,almohades _h wre/$ ! k+dom f ! ,almoravides1 !y _h n subdu$ ! ,*ri/ian prov9ces4 ,! new rul]s1 "u-e/imat+ ! pot5tiality ( ?is dang]1 left ! c\ntry to be gov]n$ by vic]oys--an error 9 /atecraft1 :i* ultimately lo/ ,spa9 to ! ,mohamm$an cause4 ,9 #aaie !y s5t f ,morocco a huge =ce to *eck ! ,*ri/ian aggressive movem5t1 & ! ,nor!rn ho/ 0 r\t$ at ,al>cos1 ne> ,badajoz4 ,t success 0 ! la/ notable victory t 0 to arre/ ! sl[1 b c]ta91 recov]y ( all ,spa9 to ,ca?olic rule4 ,9 #abab1 ! ,almohade army suff]$ a disa/r\s defeat at ! battle ( ,las ,navas2 9 #abce !y 7 driv5 out ( ! ,p59sula2 ?ree ye>s lat]1 on ! dea? ( ,ibn-,hud1 ! ,moslem dom9ion 9 ,spa9 0 re/rict$ to ! ,k+dom ( ,granada2 &1 al?\gh ?is ,moori% /ronghold 0 de/9$ to endure = ano!r two & a-half c5turies1 x exi/$ only z a tribut>y to ! ?rone ( ! ,*ri/ian k+s ( ,spa94 ,= ! purposes ( ?is book1 ! hi/ory ( ,moori% ,spa9 closes ) ! expulsion ( ! ,mohamm$ans f ,cordova1 ,tol$o1 & ,seville4 ,t m mod]n1 &1 9 "s ways m wond]ful1 ,moori% monum5t--! ,r$ ,palace ( ,granada--,i h dealt ) 9 my book on 8,! ,alhambra10 to :i* ?is "w is int5d$ to be ! companion & complem5t4 ,,cordova ,( ! f\r great cities ( ! ,mohamm$an dom9ation 9 ,spa91 ,cordova1 z ! seat ( ! ,khalifate e/abli%$ by ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 is rightly reg>d$ z *ief4 ,! sun ( ! ,moslem era %one ) dazzl+ brilliance on ,seville1 & pi]c$ ! %ad[s ( grim ,tol$o ere x set ^u ! decay+ gr&eur ( ,granada2 b x _h ris5 fir/ on ,cordova1 & f 8t abode ( magnific5ce1 sup]iority1 & elegance0 its glory _h be5 reflect$ to ! fur!/ corn] ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,= ,cordova1 by reason ( its climate1 its situation1 & its surr\nd+s has1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t1 be5 "o ( ! g>d5 spots ( ,europe4 ,! ,c>?ag9ians _h aptly /yl$ x 8! ,gem ( ! ,s\?10 & ! ,romans _h f\nd$ a city !re 9 #aeb ,b4,c41 :i* !y call$ ,corduba4 ,b ,corduba _h sid$ ) ,pompey aga9/ ,cs> 9 ! /ruggle = ! ma/]%ip ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ! mighty ,julius visit$ ?is act ( ho/ility ) ! de/ruction ( m ?an half ! city1 & ! massacre ( #bh1jjj ( its inhabitants4 ,:5 ! ,go?s made !mselves rul]s ( ,spa9 9 ! six? c5tury1 !y select$ ,tol$o to be _! capital1 & ,cordova sank into political insignificance4 ,9 #gaa1 :5 ,t>ik _h defeat$ ,rod]ick ne> ! banks ( ! ,guadalete1 he despat*$ ,mughi? ) #gjj horse to seize ,cordova4 ,tak+ advantage ( a =tuit\s /orm ( hail1 :i* dead5$ ! clatt] ( ! horses' ho(s1 & assi/$ by ! trea*]y ( a ,*ri/ian %eph]d1 ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet obta9$ an unoppos$ entry1 & ! city fell )\t a bl[ be+ /ruck4 ,=ty-f\r ye>s lat] ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 e/abli%$ ! dyna/y ( ! ,omeyyads ( ,cordova1 & = ?ree c5turies ! capital ( ,mohamm$an ,spa9 0 to be1 9 ! language ( ! old *ronicl]1 ,a%-,%ak&1 8! repository ( sci5ce1 ! m9>et ( piety & devotion1 unrivall$ ev5 by ! spl5d\rs ( ,baghdad or ,damascus40 ,sci5ce has long s9ce des]t$ ,cordova2 piety is n obtrusive !re2 its mat]ial magnific5ce has pass$ away4 ,to-day ! once fam\s city is a sleepy1 smil+1 ov]gr[n village2 a congregation ( empty squ>es1 & sil5t1 w9d+1 unev5 /reets1 :i* h a m ?or\ghly ,african appe>ance ?an ^? ( any o!r t[n 9 ,spa94 ,!ophile ,gauti] has describ$ its 8int]m9able :ite-wa%$ walls1 _! scanty w9d[s gu>d$ by heavy iron b>s10 & its pebbly1 /raw-litt]$ pavem5t1 & ! s5sitive _s ( ,de ,amicis 0 caught by a vague melan*oly 9 ! mid/ ( its :ite-wa%$1 rose-sc5t$ /reets4 ,"h1 he writes1 !re is 8a m>vell\s v>iety ( design1 t9ts1 light1 & p]fume2 "h ! od\r ( roses1 !re ( oranges1 fur!r on ( p9ks2 & ) ?is p]fume a :iff ( fre% air1 & ) ! air a subdu$ s\nd ( wom5's voices1 ! ru/l+ ( leaves1 & ! s++ ( birds4 ,x is a sweet & v>i$ h>mony t1 )\t di/urb+ ! sil5ce ( ! /reets1 soo!s ! e> l ! e*o ( di/ant music40 ,x has1 z ,i h obs]v$ else:]e1 a *>m t fills ! he>t ) a sad pleasure2 !re is a my/]i\s spell 9 its air t "o _c resi/4 ,"o may idle = h\rs 9 ! sun%9e t floods ! des]t$ squ>es1 & try to recon/itute 9 "o's m9d1 t ,cordova1 :i* 0 describ$ z 8! milit>y camp ( ,&alus1 ! common r5dezv\s ( ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,cordova4 ,%ell-l ,ornam5ts 9 ! ,cupola ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,cordova4 ,%ell-l ,ornam5ts 9 ! ,cupola ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,cordova4 ,%ell-l ,ornam5ts 9 ! ,cupola ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,cordova4 ,"p ( ! ornam5tation & key/one ( "o ( ! l[] ar*es :i* gives light to ! dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,r+ ( ! ,cupola4 ^? spl5did armies :i*1 ) ! help ( ,allah1 defeat$ at e enc\nt] ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,crucifi$40 ,?is indol5t1 lotus-f$1 li/less ,cordova 0 once1 says ,el-,makk>i1 8! meet+ place ( ! le>n$ f all c\ntries1 &1 ow+ to ! p[] & spl5d\r ( ! dyna/y t rul$ ov] x1 x conta9$ m excell5cies ?an any o!r city on ! face ( ! e>?40 ,ano!r ,mohamm$an au?or1 ,al-hij>i1 ,abu ,mohamm$1 writ+ ( ! city 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 said3 8,cordova 01 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,b5i-,m]wan1 ! cupola ( ,islam1 ! convocation ( s*ol>s1 ! c\rt ( ! sultans ( ! family ( ,omeyyah1 & ! resid5ce ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s tribes ( ,yem5 & ,ma'd4 ,/ud5ts f all p>ts ( ! _w flock$ ?i!r at all times to le>n ! sci5ces ( :i* ,cordova 0 ! mo/ noble repository1 & to d]ive k f ! m\?s ( ! doctors & ulema :o sw>m$ 9 x4 ,cordova is to ,&alus :at ! head is to ! body4 ,its riv] is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 n[ glid+ sl[ly ?r\gh level lawns1 or w9d+ s(tly across em]ald fields1 spr9kl$ ) fl[]s1 & s]v+ x = robes2 n[ fl[+ ?r\gh ?ickly-plant$ groves1 :]e ! song ( birds res\nds p]petually 9 ! air1 & n[ wid5+ into a maje/ic /ream to imp>t its wat]s to ! num]\s :eels con/ruct$ on its banks1 communicat+ fre% vig\r to ! l&40 ,! ext5t ( anci5t ,cordova has be5 diff]5tly /at$1 ow+1 no d\bt1 to ! rapid increase ( its population & ! expansion ( ! build+s "u ! sultans ( ! dyna/y ( ,m]wan on ! "o h&1 &1 on ! o!r1 to ! calamities & disa/]s by :i* x 0 afflict$ "u ! la/ sov]eigns ( t h\se4 ,cordova is1 moreov]1 describ$ by ,mohamm$an writ]s z a city :i* nev] ceas$ augm5t+ 9 size1 & increas+ 9 importance1 f ! "t ( its subjugation by ! ,moors until ,a4,d4 #ajji-aj1 :51 civil w> break+ out )9 x1 ! capital fell f its anci5t spl5d\r1 gradually decay+1 & los+ its =m] magnific5ce1 until its f9al de/ruction 9 ,a4,d4 #abcf1 :5 x pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,f #gaa until #gee1 :5 ,abd-er-,rahman arriv$ 9 ,spa9 to seize ! new ,moori% possession1 :i* _h fall5 to ! milit>y skill & c\rage ( ,t>ik's ,b]b]s1 ! conqu]ors _h be5 too fully employ$ 9 captur+ cities to devote mu* leisure to beautify+ _! prizes2 n[1 ) ! f\ndation ( ! ,omeyyad p[]1 ,cordova 0 to reap ! fir/ fruits ( comp>ative peace4 ,b ! repulsion ( ! ,abbaside invasion1 ! subjugation ( ,tol$o1 & ! suppression ( ! ,b]b] revolt 9 ! ,nor!rn prov9ces1 long delay$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! great mosque :i* ! sultan project$ z 8a spl5did seal ^u ! works pleas+ to ! ,almighty1 :i* he _h accompli%$40 ,by ! build+ ( ! mosque1 ,abd-er-,rahman w\ld secure a place = himself 9 ,p>adise1 & w\ld leave to 8 own hon\r$ memory a ,mecca ( ! ,we/ to :i* ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet c\ld g 9 pilgrimage4 ,! treasury ( ,abd-er-,rahman 0 at ?is "t 9 a fl\ri%+ condition1 despite ! l>ge sums sp5t 9 add+ spl5d\r to ! gr[+ khalifate1 & !re appe>$ to be no difficulty 9 c>ry+ out 8 project4 ,b ,umeya ,ibn ,yezid1 ! fav\rite secret>y ( ! sultan1 :o1 9 8 capacity ( ,katib1 0 in/ruct$ to make ov]tures = ! pur*ase ( ! *ur* on ^: site ! khalif int5d$ to build ! new mosque1 soon f\nd t ! negotiations 7 beset by s]i\s difficulties4 ,! ,*ri/ians held firm to ! conditions ( capitulation grant$ !m by ! ,s>ac5 conqu]ors ( ,cordova1 & 7 n at all incl9$ to sell to ,abd-er-,rahman ! temple ^u :i* he _h set 8 he>t4 ,?is build+ is describ$ by ,p$ro de ,madrazo z a spaci\s basilica1 :i* !y %>$ ) ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet1 s9ce ! ,mohamm$ans1 accord+ to ! practice e/abli%$ among/ !m by ! advice ( ! ,khalif ,om>1 %>$ ! *ur*es ( ! conqu]$ cities ) ! ,*ri/ians1 &1 aft] tak+ ,cordova1 _h divid$ "o ( ! pr9cipal basilicas 9 two p>ts1 "o ( :i* !y conc$$ to ! ,cordovans1 res]v+ ! o!r1 :i* !y at once turn$ into a mosque1 = !mselves4 ,! ,*ri/ians _h religi\sly paid ! tribute exact$ f !m t !y might keep _! *ur*es1 bi%ops1 & prie/s1 b ?is _h n protect$ !m f unju/ exactions & plund]+s at ! h&s ( ! gov]nors & repres5tatives ( ! ,ea/]n khalifs4 ,kn[+ ?is1 ,abd-er-,rahman 0 anxi\s to acquire ! desir$ site )\t viol5ce1 &1 ) 8 natural sagacity1 he p]ceiv$ t ! religi\s zeal ( ! native ,*ri/ians 0 mu* less f]v5t ?an t ( 8 own p4 ,captivity & affliction _h damp$ ! old ard\r ( ! natives ( ,cordova1 :i*1 9 8 day1 0 no long] ! h]oic colony1 s anxi\s = m>tyrdom1 & s prodigal ( its blood1 z x 0 at ! "t :5 ! flock ( ,*ri/ 0 guid$ by ! great ,osius "u ! p]secutions ( ,diocletian & ,maximilian4 ,nei!r 0 x ! ,cordova :i* _h endur$ w>s1 hung]1 & plague soon] ?an be contam9at$ ) ,arianism1 & ! khalif knew1 too1 t 9 spite ( ! education giv5 to ! ,*ri/ian y\? 9 ! s*ools & colleges ( ! mona/]ies1 :]e _m "y prie/s & secul> s*ol>s promis$ to be a future dang] to ! ,mohamm$ans1 ! ,*ur* at ,cordova 0 suff]+ griev\s w\nds f ! new doctr9es ( ,mig5cio & ,elip&o4 ,he 01 !re=e1 ! m surpris$ to receive a /ubborn refusal to 8 (f]1 b ! e/imation 9 :i* he held ! vanqui%$ p & _! lead]s1 l$ him to believe t he c\ld ov]come _! ob/9acy by quiet p]si/5ce1 & by tru/+ to "t to und]m9e _! scruples4 ,8 policy 0 ju/ifi$ by its ev5tual success4 ,h[ did ,abd-er-,rahman succe$ 9 p]suad+ ! ,*ri/ians to make s great a sacrifice8 ,h[ came !y to be induc$ to ab&on _! pr9cipal *ur* to ! infidels8 ,_h n ^! walls be5 witnesses ( ! v[s !y _h sworn at ! mo/ solemn epo*s ( _! lives8 ,p]haps x 0 already a matt] ( indiff]5ce to !m to see ! gr\nd1 sanctifi$ by ! blood ( _! m>tyrs1 defil$6 8,god ,almighty alone kn[s0 mu/ be our only comm5t ^u ?is unacc\ntable transaction1 & we leave x ?us 9 accordance ) ! practice adopt$ by ! ,arab hi/orians1 :5 !y 7 at a loss = an explanation4 ,x is c]ta9 t "u ! reign ( ,abd-er-,rahman ! ,*ri/ians 7 no long] p]secut$ on acc\nt ( _! religion4 ,!y paid tribute1 x is true1 z a conqu]$ p1 b _! fai? 0 respect$2 !y _h _! *ur*es & mona/]ies1 :]e !y wor%ipp$ publicly2 & x is n record$ t any ( _! prie/s 7 mole/$ by ! fir/ ,moori% k+ ( ! ,we/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 !y comp>$ _! pres5t lot ) t ( ! pa/1 !y mu/ h consid]$ !mselves greatly =tunate1 z !y escap$ ! tyranny "u :i* _! fa!rs _h suff]$ dur+ ! ye>s f ! cruel ,alahor to ! "t ( ! covet\s ,toaba4 ,x is c]ta9 t a new empire 0 ris+ 9 ,cordova1 :i* 0 v ?reat5+ to ! law ( ,*ri/2 b at fir/ its m5ace 0 n reveal$1 & = ?is reason x 0 m to be fe>$4 ,its int5tions 7 n publi%$1 b !y 7 vaguely felt4 ,^? :o 7 wise/ & mo/ f>-see+ c\ld p]ceive1 ?\gh /ill f> (f1 ! d>k cl\d ( a bloody p]secution draw+ ar\nd ! ,*ur* ( ,&alusia2 b = ! g5]ality ( ! ,*ri/ians !re seem$ to be no reason :y ! pres5t tol]ation 0 n to cont9ue1 & x is c]ta9 t fe> 0 n ! motive t made !m yield to ! wi%es ( ! khalif4 ,hi/ory is v retic5t conc]n+ ?is ev5t2 9 fact1 z ,p$ro de ,madrazo admits1 no?+ def9ite has1 up to ! pres5t1 be5 discov]$ ) reg>d to x4 ,! probabilities are t ! ,bi%op ( ,cordova1 ^u receiv+ ! message ( ! ,moori% k+1 call$ a c\ncil1 &1 aft] due discussion1 resolv$ to "p amicably ) t :i*1 despite ! k+'s mod]ation1 w\ld )\t any d\bt be tak5 f !m by =ce1 %\ld !y p]si/ 9 _! refusal4 ,9 p>t+ ) _! *ur*1 & transf]r+ _! place ( wor%ip1 !y hop$1 too1 to be releas$ f ! odi\s proximity ( ! infidels1 ^: pres5ce "u ! ro( ( _! basilica mu/ always h be5 look$ ^u z a desecration ( ! sacr$ build+4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! advantages to be ga9$ by remov+ _! holy relics to a m suitable sanctu>y may h decid$ !m to accept ! khalif's (f]1 "u ! condition t !y %\ld be all[$ to re-build ! basilica ( ! m>tyrs ,/4 ,fau/us1 ,/4 ,janu>is1 & ,/4 ,m>cellus1 :i* _h be5 de/roy$ 9 rec5t ye>s2 & ?is be+ conc$$ to !m by ! khalif1 ! bi%op au?oris$ ! transf]4 ,! ,arab ord]$ t ! price agre$ ^u %\ld be s5t at once to ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 9 turn to surr5d] _! *ur* =?)1 because ,abd-er-,rahman1 already advanc$ 9 ye>s1 0 anxi\s t ! edifice he 0 go+ to raise %\ld be comm5c$ )\t delay4 ,no soon] _h ! ,*ri/ians dep>t$ ?an ,abd-er-,rahman left 8 villa 9 ,razafa & took up 8 resid5ce at ! alcaz> ( ! city1 9 ord] to sup]9t5d ! project$ "w4 ,! de/ruction ( ! old build+ 0 imm$iately proce$$ )4 ,dev\r$ ) ! desire to see ! "w complet$1 ! indefatigable old man sp5t _m h\rs ea* day on ! sc5e1 c>efully exam9+ ! portions ( ! demoli%$ build+s1 :i* 7 to be utilis$ = ! new mosque1 & classify+ !m ) r>e skill4 ,! :ole city 0 fill$ ) movem5t & commotion4 ,!re 0 n a trade among/ ! p :i* did n receive fre% impetus f ! new build+4 ,:il/ all 7 busy 9 ! factories & work%op1 9 ! woods1 on ! m\nta9s1 & on ! roads f ! hills to ! city2 :il/ ! furnaces & brick ov5s 7 gl[+2 :il/ ! ,syrian ar*itect m$itat$ on 8 plans & on ^? trac$ by ! k+'s own h&s1 & ! ,katib wrote to ,asia & ,africa invit+ ! co-op]ation ( fam\s arti/s2 ! p1 lazy & curi\s1 sw>m$ ar\nd ! spaci\s f\ndations1 & ! :ole city pres5t$ a sc5e ( animation & excitem5t n easy to describe4 ,abd-er-,rahman1 :o _h a pres5tim5t t he w\ld n live to see ! mosque f9i%$1 pu%$ on ! "w ) all spe$1 t he might at lea/ h ! satisfaction ( cov]+ ! arcades :i* =m$ its naves1 & ( inaugurat+ ! cult ( ,islam ) "o ( ^? eloqu5t h>angues1 :i* he 0 9 ! habit ( address+ to 8 p on ! days ( 8,juma10 or ,re/4 ,b>ely two ye>s aft] ! f\ndations 7 laid ! squ>e =tress ( ,islam rose above ! groves by ! riv]1 surpass+ 9 height ! sev]e ,alcaz> ( ,rodrigo4 ,a few m moons1 & ! int]ior walls1 ! sup]b colonnades ( bold & unusual =m1--! mosque ( ,cordova is probably ! fir/ edifice 9 :i* sup]pos$ ar*es 7 introduc$--! graceful r[s ( d\ble ar*es1 ! ample porticos1 ! h&some faade ( elev5 entrances1 ! ri* side doors1 flank$ by frett$ w9d[s1 & f9ally ! incomp>able ro( ( incorruptible wood1 c>v$ & pa9t$1 w\ld be f9i%$4 ,/ill a few m moons1 & ! 8hotba10 or h>angue1 = ! heal? ( ,abd-er-,rahman 0 to be read to ! p f ! mo/ beautiful 8nimb>10 or pulpit 9 ! ,we/1 & repeat$ by two ?\s& believ]s z ) "o voice1 dr[n+ 9 ! vibrat+ surge ( an imm5se & ?und]+ contempt ! %am$ hymns ( ! vanqui%$ ,naz>5es4 ,n only 0 ! mosque to be ready = ! celebration ( ! public c]emonies on ! fir/ day ( 8,al*uma10 b already ! sanctu>y loom$ at ! extremity ( ! pr9cipal nave t[>ds ! ,s\?1 cov]$ ) ri* & dazzl+ ,byzant9e ornam5tation1 ! v5]at$ copy ( ! holy h\se ( ,mecca4 ,! great aljama 0 n yet complete1 x is true1 b ! dilig5t ar*itects w\ld f9d a way to satisfy ! impati5ce ( ! sultan by cov]+ ! walls ) ri* hang+s f ,p]sia & ,syria4 ,a pr(usion ( ,cor9?ian columns 9 ! pr9cipal naves1 & ( bold m>ble pill>s f ! ,roman monum5ts1 s5t f ! prov9ces z pres5ts to ! mon>* f 8 walies1 w\ld be 9 _! place4 ,! columns tak5 f ! old basilica ( ! ,visigo?s1 w\ld be f\nd 9 ! second>y naves1 ) o!rs1 z yet un*isell$4 ,! floor 0 to be cov]$ ) fl[]s & fragrant h]bs1 & ! sacr$ prec9cts w\ld be inundat$ ) light & p]fume1 diffus$ by hundr$s ( c&elabra & ?uribles4 ,! =tunate ,abd-er-,rahman w\ld be able at lea/ once be=e he di$ to direct ! rites ( ! religion1 = ! propagation ( :i* he _h made s _m sacrifices1 9 8 capacity ( 8,imam0 ( ! law4 ,b x 0 n to be4 ,t day ! news spread ?r\gh ! city t ! angel ( dea? 0 seat$ by ! b$side ( ! khalif2 & soon aft]1 ! body ( ,abd-er-,rahman1 ! wise1 ! virtu\s1 & ! victori\s1 lay 9 "o ( ! *amb]s ( 8 alcaz>1 wrapp$ 9 ! :ite g>m5ts1 di/9ctive ( 8 great l9eage4 ,! sad ev5t 0 ann\nc$ to ! p by ,abd-er-,rahman ,ibn ,t>if1 ! sup]ior ( ! ,aljama ( ,cordova1 f ! v pulpit f :i* ! dead mon>* 0 to h address$ 8 subjects1 & ! cr[ds dep>t$ f ! mosque exclaim+3 8,may ! ,amir re/ 9 ! sleep ( peace1 ,allah w smile ^u him on ! day ( reckon+40 ,! great glory ( complet+ ! mosque 0 res]v$ = ,hi%am1 ! fav\rite son ( ,abd-er-,rahman1 to :om all ! walies _h sworn fealty z ! rightful successor4 ,?is pr9ce 0 at ,m]ida :5 8 fa!r di$1 b he at once left t city = ,cordova1 :]e he made ! mosque ! object ( 8 special solicitude4 ,soon aft] 8 accession1 ,hi%am consult$ a fam\s a/rolog] z to 8 future4 ,! le>n$ man1 :o 0 call$ ,abh-dhobi1 at fir/ refus$ to gratify ! sultan's curiosity1 b ^u be+ press$ he said3 8,?y reign1 ,o ,amir1 w be glori\s & happy1 & m>k$ by great victories2 b1 unless my calculations are wrong1 x w only la/ "s eight ye>s40 ,hi%am rema9$ "s "t 9 sil5ce ^u he>+ ^! words1 b pres5tly 8 face cle>$1 & he spoke ?us to ! a/rolog]3 8,?y pr$iction1 ,o ,abh-dhobi1 does n disc\rage me1 = if ! days giv5 me /ill to live by ! ,almighty are pass$ 9 ador+ ,him1 ,i %all say :5 my h\r comes1 #8,?y w be done4'0 ,?is mon>*'s brief reign 0 ri* 9 notable de$s4 ,he repress$ ! rebellion ( 8 two bro!rs ,suleyman & ,abdullah1 c>ri$ ! holy w> z f> z ,s>d9ia1 ent]$ & sack$ ! t[n ( ,n>bonne1 & compell$ ! unhappy ,*ri/ians to c>ry ! clay ( ! demoli%$ walls ( _! city ^u _! %\ld]s z f> z ,cordova1 9 ord] to build a mosque 9 8 alcaz>4 ,hi%am made himself fe>$ by ! ,franks1 & he did mu* to e/abli% ! empire ( ,islam 9 ,&alus1 enl>g+ its capital1 repair+ ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,portal ,,on ,,! ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built ,,"u ,,hakam ,,iii41 #ihh-ajja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,ext]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,ext]ior ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v ,,cordova4 ,curvel9e> triangles result+ f ! int]section ( ! ar*es su/a9+ ! dome4 ,sett+ ( ! ar*es su/a9+ ! dome4 ,sett+ ( ! ar*es su/a9+ ! dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,cordova4 ,ornam5t runn+ bel[ ! ,cupola4 ,ornam5t runn+ bel[ ! ,cupola4 ,sett+ ( "o ( ! l[] ar*es :i* gives light to ! dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,cordova4 ,curvel9e> triangles result+ f ! int]section ( ! ar*es su/a9+ ! dome4 ,ar*itrave ( "o ( ! ,ar*es su/a9+ ! ,dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,cordova4 ,details de las ,portados de la ,maksurah4 ,key/one ( ! ar* ( ! ,mihrab4 ,key/one ( ! ar* ( ! "r h& side gateway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,cordova4 ,ar*es ( ! ,portal ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,cordova4 ,detail ( ! ,fram+ ( ! ,side ,gate4 ,detail ( ! ,w9d[ plac$ ov] ! ,side ,door4 ,detail ( ! ,fram+ ( ! ,ar* ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,w9d[s 9 an ,alcove4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ft4 94 ,height ( ,vase #d #f ft4 94 ,diamet] #b #aa ,arab ,vase ( ,metallic ,lu/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,details ( ! ,ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,c5tre ,pa9t+ on a ,ceil+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,divan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,detail ( an ,ar*4 its magnific5t bridge1 creat+ useful public in/itutions1 & f9ally complet+ ! gr& mosque1 :i* 8 fa!r _h comm5c$1 f\nd+ & end[+ 9 connection ) x s*ools & colleges4 ,moreov]1 he did all ?is ) ! res\rces ( ! treasury1 & ) 8 lawful "p ( ! spoils ( conque/1 )\t levy+ any extraord9>y taxes4 ,tradition relates t !re =m]ly 0 a bridge ov] ! ,guadelquivir1 erect$ on ! site ( ! pres5t /ructure1 ab\t #bjj ye>s be=e ! arrival ( ! ,moors 9 ,spa93 b1 ?is edifice be+ greatly decay$1 x 0 rebuilt by ! ,arabs dur+ ! ,vic]oy%ip ( ,assamh1 ,a4,d4 #gbj or #gba4 ,?is noble /ructure is f\r hundr$ paces1 or "o ?\s& feet1 9 l5g?1 & its bread? is tw5ty-two feet eight in*es )9 ! p>apets4 ,! passage ov] ! bridge is a /raight l9e f "o end to ! o!r2 ! ar*es are sixte5 9 numb]1 & ! buttresses ( ! pi]s are mu* /rong] & bett] adapt$ = simil> purposes ?an ! mod]n tri-lat]al cut-wat]s4 ,ne>ly elev5 c5turies h ^! buttresses )/ood ! rapid floods ( ! ,guadelquivir1 )\t su/a9+ any mat]ial injury4 ,al?\gh ,hi%am practically rebuilt ! bridge1 ! lab\r did n contribute to 8 p]sonal conv5i5ce4 ,8 great love ( hunt+ caus$ ! malcont5ts among 8 subjects to :isp] t he _h repair$ ! bridge to facilitate ! outgo+s & incom+s ( 8 hunt+ p>ties4 ,! rum\r rea*$ ! k+1 :o v[$ t he w\ld nev] cross ! bridge aga9--a v[ he fai?fully obs]v$4 ,! great ,aljama 0 complet$ 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #gic4 ,! ,emir ,hi%am took z great a p]sonal int]e/ 9 its progress z did 8 fa!r1 ! walies ( ! prov9ces contribut$ to its decoration ) ! spoils f anci5t monum5ts1 ! artific]s ) _! g5ius1 victors ) _! booty1 ! city ) its workm51 ! m\nta9s ( ,cordova & ,cabra by yield+ ! treasures ( _! qu>ries1 ,africa ) ! trunks ( its imp]i%able l>*-p9es1 & ,asia by inoculat+ ! gr[+ ,arabic-,spani% art ) its g5ius ( ornam5t1 its aspirations & its poetry4 ,! sup]b mosque 0 f9i%$1 ! workm5 re/$ f _! lab\rs1 & ,hi%am 0 confid5t t he _h secur$ a place 9 ! g>d5 ( ev]la/+ joys4 ,let u look at ?is new h\se ( pray]1 maje/ically situat$ at ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! great city1 close to ! gre5 banks ( ! wide riv] ( ,&alus1 occupy+ an area ( #dfj feet f nor? to s\?1 & #bhj f ea/ to we/1 surr\nd$ by high1 ?ick battlem5t$ walls1 flank$ by /\t buttresses ( wat* t[]s1 & surm\nt$ by a l(ty m9>et4 ,x is ent]$ by ! fai?ful by n9e ri* & spaci\s out] gates1 & by elev5 int]ior doors1 f\r 9 ! ea/ & we/ sides1 & a pr9cipal "o to ! nor?2 ! elev5 9 ! inn] faade communicat+ ) an equal numb] ( naves 9 ! temple4 ,! int]ior arrangem5t ( ?is wond]ful monum5t is mo/ beautiful4 ,!re is a great c\rty>d1 or atrium1 ) wide gates 9 ! nor?1 we/1 & ea/ sides1 hav+ f\nta9s = ! ablutions & ! purifications1 & orange & palm groves4 ,!n comes ! imm5se body ( ! h\se ( pray]1 divid$ into elev5 pr9cipal naves1 runn+ f nor? to s\?1 & cross$ at "r angles by tw5ty-"o small] naves1 :i* run f ea/ to we/4 ,! elegant comb9ation ( ! arcades1 9 :i* ! pila/]s are sup]pos$ on ! columns1 & ! ar*es on o!r ar*es1 leav+ a passage = ! light betwe5 ! upp] & l[] columniation1 is q ideal4 ,f9ally1 ! my/]i\s hidd5 sanctu>y1 )9 :i* ! ,koran is kept1 9 ^: prec9cts ,ori5tal art has exhau/$ all ! ri*es ( its fasc9at+ res\rces4 ,! elev5 great doors lead+ f ! c\rty>d to ! ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,& ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,plan ,l4 ,m4 ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,plan ,n4 ,o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don4 mosque are sup]b d\ble ar*es all 9 a r[1 su/a9$ by beautiful m>ble columns1 :i*1 f\r by f\r1 encircle ! /\t support+ pill>s ( /one 9 :i* !y are consolidat$4 ,f ! c\rty>d ! int]ior ( ! mosque is se5 ?r\gh ^! elev5 doors glitt]+ ) gold5 fires1 & f ! temple ! c\rty>d1 se5 ?r\gh ^! same doors1 appe>s to be a glimpse ( ! long$-= ,g>d5 ( ,delights4 ,! ,mohamm$an poet1 ,mohamm$ ,ibn ,mohamm$ ,al-baluni1 s+s z foll[s ( ! holy ,h\se ( ,pray]1 :i* surpasses 9 ri*ness ( col\r1 beauty ( design1 & boldness ( ornam5tation ! mo/ fam\s mosques ( ,arabia1 ,syria1 & ,africa3 8,abd-er-,rahman1 = ! love ( ,god1 & 9 hon\r ( 8 religion1 sp5t eighty ?\s& d9>s ( silv] & gold40 8,he laid !m out 9 con/ruct+ a temple = ! use ( 8 pi\s nation1 & = ! bett] obs]vance ( ! religion ( ,mahomet40 8,"h ! gold lavi%$ on ! panell$ ceil+s %9es ) ! same brilliancy z ! lightn+1 :i* pi]ces ! cl\ds40 ,! design1 z complet$ by ! ,sultan ,hi%am ,i4 9 ! ye>s #gid-ie1 receiv$ consid]able improvem5ts at ! h&s ( 8 successors4 ,inde$1 x c be safely said t none ( ! sultans ( ! illu/ri\s family ( ,omeyyad :o reign$ 9 ,cordova fail$ to make "s e/imable addition1 or contribut$ 9 "s way to ! decoration ( ! sumptu\s build+4 ,hakam's son1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii41 ,a4,d4 #hbb-heb1 ord]$ mu* 8,gilt-"w0--,zak-hrafah--to be made1 b di$ be=e ! "w 0 complet$4 ,mohamm$1 8 son & successor--,a4,d4 #heb-hhf--;cont9u$ ! "w und]tak5 by 8 fa!r1 & br\ght x to a close4 ,mohamm$'s son1 ,abdallah--,a4,d4 #hhf-hhh--;is also record$ z hav+ made improvem5ts 9 ! build+4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,great ,khalif1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 call$ ,an-nasir 9 ord] to di/+ui% him f ! o!r mon>*s ( t "n1 ! old m9>et 0 pull$ d[n by ! advice ( a wise ar*itect1 & a new "o built on its site1 ^: va/ness surpass$ all o!r m9>ets 9 ! _w4 ,=ty-?ree days 7 sp5t 9 s9k+ its f\ndations1 :i* p5etrat$ into ! gr\nd till wat] 0 /ruck1 & ?ree mon?s suffic$ = its con/ruction4 ,! sup]b t[] is built ( free/one & mort> 9 su* a curi\s mann] t1 ?\gh x conta9s two /aircases 9 its int]ior1 ea* flight conta9+ #ajg /eps1 p c asc5d to ! top & g d[n aga9 )\t see+ "o ano!r4 ,?is elaborate t[] measures fifty-f\r cubits f its f\ndations to ! upp] "p ( ! op5 dome1 to :i* ! prie/1 :o calls to pray]s1 turns 8 back1 z he p]ambulates ! project+ balcony1 ^: elegant balu/rade surr\nds ! f\r walls l a graceful r+4 ,f ?is balcony up to ! top ! t[] rises eighty-?ree cubits m1 be+ cr[n$ ) ?ree beautiful apples1 two ( gold & "o ( silv]1 ea* ?ree palms & a half 9 diamet]1 f :i* spr+ two lilies ( six petals1 support+ a pomegranate ( pure/ gold4 ,x has f\rte5 w9d[s 9 its f\r faces4 ,9 two ( ^! faces !re are ?ree int]vals1 & 9 ! o!r two1 two int]vals1 =m$ betwe5 columns ( :ite & r$ jasp]1 & ov] ! w9d[s !re is a cr[n+ ( solid ar*es su/a9$ by small columns ( ! same jasp]4 ,^! w9d[s break up ! mass ( ! walls 9 an admirable mann]4 ,! m9>et is cov]$1 bo? inside & out1 ) beautiful trac]y 9 relief4 ,abd-er-,rahman also rebuilt ! wall :i* enclos$ ! mezquita to ! nor?1 look+ t[>ds ! ,orange ,c\rt1 & he _h ! entire floor ( ! mosque levell$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,a ,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,belong+ ,,to ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,lat]al ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,or ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #ifa-ifg1 ,,"u ,,hakam ,,ii4 ,9 #ifa ,a4,d41 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 ! la/ great ,omeyyad ,sultan ( ,cordova di$1 & among 8 pap]s 0 discov]$ a di>y1 9 8 own h&writ+1 9 :i* he _h c>efully not$ d[n ! days :i* he _h sp5t 9 happ9ess & )\t any cause ( sorr[4 ,!y numb]$ exactly f\rte54 8,o1 man ( und]/&+60 says ! ,arabian philosoph]1 8wond] & obs]ve ! small portion ( real happ9ess ! _w af=ds ev5 9 ! mo/ enviable position6 ,! ,khalif ,an-nasir1 ^: prosp]ity 9 mundane affairs1 & ^: widely-spread empire became prov]bial1 _h only f\rte5 days ( undi/urb$ enjoym5t dur+ a reign ( fifty ye>s1 sev5 mon?s1 & ?ree days4 ,praise be giv5 to ,him1 ! ,"l ( et]nal glory & ev]la/+ empire40 ,! ,sultan ,hakam1 z soon z he succe$$ to ! ,khalifate1 det]m9$ to enl>ge ! mosque1 :i* 0 too small to accommodate ! numb]s ( ^? :o w5t !re to p]=m ! 8azalas40 ,he call$ toge!r ! ar*itects & geometricians1 :o decid$ t ! addition %\ld ext5d f ! 8kiblah0--! po9t look+ t[>ds ,mecca--( ! mosque to ! extreme end ( ! atrium1 ?us runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! elev5 naves4 ,! addition measur$ n9ety-five cubits f nor? to s\?1 & z mu* f ea/ to we/ z ! wid? ( ! :ole mosque4 ,! passage to ! alcaz>1 us$ by ! khalif :5 he came to ! 8azalas10 0 int]sect$ ne> ! 8nimb>10 or pulpit1 inside ! 8maksurrah40 ,9 ! ye> #ced ( ! ,hegirah ! cupola1 :i* cr[n$ ! 8mihrab10 or sanctu>y1 conta9+ ! ,koran1 9 ! addition to ! mosque made by ,hakam1 0 complet$4 ,9 ! same ye> ! 8s(eysafa10 or enamell$ mosaic "w1 0 comm5c$ 9 ! mosque1 &1 by ! ord] ( ,hakam1 ! f\r incomp>able columns1 :i* =m]ly _h s]v$ z jambs = ! doors ( ! old 8mihrab10 7 set up aga9 9 ! new "o4 ,x is relat$ t :ile ! addition 0 be+ made1 a lively dispute arose z to ! exact spot ( ! 8kiblah10 & x 0 f9ally decid$ to erect ! sanctu>y at ! limit ( ! prolongation ( ! elev5 naves1 9 ! c5tre1 look+ directly to ! s\?4 ,betwe5 ! int]ior s\!rn wall & ! ext]ior1 :i* 0 /r5g!n$ ) r\nd t[]s1 a space ( "s fifte5 feet rema9$4 ,?is 0 divid$ into elev5 comp>tm5ts1 correspond+ ) ! elev5 naves ( ! mosque1 t 9 ! c5tre be+ de/9$ = ! sanctu>y1 & ! o!rs be+ res]v$ = ! prie/s & o!r purposes4 ,9 ?is mann] ! 8mihrab0 0 plac$ 9 ! exact c5tre ( ! s\? side1 ) a w+ on ea* side1 ( precise resemblance4 ,9 ! we/ w+ !re 0 a secret passage lead+ f ! mosque to ! alcaz>1 :i* ext5d$ v ne> ! we/ wall ( ! mezquita4 ,! doors ( ?is passage 7 arrang$ 9 a mo/ intricate fa%ion1 d\btless = ! great] security ( ! palace1 & !y gave entrance to ! int]ior ( ! 8maksurrah10 a sumptu\s res]v$ space1 communicat+ on ! nor?1 ea/1 & we/ ) ! great naves1 & on ! s\? =m+ "p ( ! int]ior wall ( ! mosque4 ,?is 8maksurrah0 0 a privileg$ spot1 enclos$ by a sort ( wood5 grat+1 elegantly work$ on bo? faces1 & surm\nt$ by turrets1 ! object ( :i* 0 to cut (f all communication ) ! sultan4 ,?is scre51 measur+ tw5ty-two cubits to its summit1 gives its "n to t "p ( ! edifice :i* x occupies4 ,its ornam5tation1 z well z t ( ! new "p ( ! c5tral nave1 ext5d+ f ! old to ! new 8mihrab10 is magnific5t 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,! plan ( ! 8maksurrah10 prop]ly speak+1 0 a l>ge rectangle1 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 almo/ squ>e1 f :i* rose ?ree ,byzant9e domes ( r>e beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,int]ior ,,view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior4 ,t 9 ! c5tre s]v$ z a ve/ibule to ! sanctu>y1 & 0 ! mo/ rem>kable = its proportions1 its outl9es1 & its decorations4 ,?is "p ( ! mosque has be5 pres]v$ 9 its pr9cipal features to ! pres5t day4 ,! edifice has la/$ n9e c5turies1 & !re is no indication t x w n endure = n9e c5turies m4 ,ov] ! fe/oon$ ar*es1 :i* int]sect ea* o!r1 rise sev5 light & graceful horse-%oe ar*es1 :i* disappe> into ! s\? wall1 ?us clos+ ! picture & t]m9at+ ! l[] body ( ! sumptu\s ve/ibule4 ,above ^! d\ble ar*es runs an impo/1 beautifully work$ & v graceful1 embrac+ & cr[n+ ! f\r faades1 & divid+ ! cupola into two zones--an upp] & a l[]4 ,on ?is impo/ re/ beautiful columns 9 pairs1 ov]sett+ great bold semi-circul> ar*es1 arrang$ ) su* art t !y seem to imitate ! curves ( ! int]lac$ g>l&s ( a *oir ( beautiful odalisques1 z ! ar*es d n g f ea* column to ! correspond+ "o ( ! next c\ple1 b leave ! int]v5+ pair op54 ,9 ?is way1 z !re are two pairs ( columns support+ ! impo/ 9 ea* faade1 eight pr9cipal ar*es are =m$ 9 ! space 9 two great quadrilat]als plac$ opposite ea* o!r1 _! spr++ /ones cross+ & =m+ eight po9ts ( a />4 ,!re is an octagonal r+ 9 ! c5tre ) eight graceful p5dants1 z an embelli%m5t to ! capitals ( ! eight pairs ( columns4 ,a horse%oe ar* f po9t to po9t1 to :i* a tablet ( alaba/] is fitt$1 leaves an unc]ta9 prospect ( ! vault ( heav51 :i* %9es ^u ! cupola & ! pr(usion ( ri* mosaic "w ) :i* x is adorn$4 ,betwe5 ! elegant ar*es1 :i* appe> r to hang f ! cupola ?an to support x1 ! m>vell\s faade ( ! 8mihrab0 appe>s 9 ! backgr\nd1 :i* gli/5s 9 ! rays ( ! sett+ sun l a piece ( brocade load$ ) jewels1 & :i* mu/ h be5 dazzl+ z a fairy palace :51 9 ! mon? ( ,ramadhan1 ! f\rte5 hundr$ & fifty-f\r lights ( ! great lamp %one "u ?is enamell$ 8half-orange40 ,?is faade1 9 spite ( its m>vell\s ri*ness1 does n %[ ! smalle/ confusion 9 its ornam5tation1 ea* l9e is trac$ ) ! idea ( giv+ great] beauty to ! ar* :i* =ms ! entrance to ! sanctu>y4 ,x is compos$ ( ! ar* ) its spaci\s ar*itrave & its smoo? jambs ) small columns1 toge!r ) its 8arraba0 surr\nd$ by ,grecian frets1 & a light s]ies ( ar*es )\t vacuums1 ^u :i* re/ ! impo/s :i* divide ! upp] & l[] bodies ( ! dome4 ,b su* is ! pr(usion & spl5d\r ( ! ornam5tation ( ea* ( ^! p>ts t x is impossible to describe !m4 ,! key/ones1 ! ar*itrave1 ! circle drawn 9 squ>es1 ! panels1 ! trefoil ar*es & ! tympana are incomp>able1 & ! comb9ation ( ,grecian frets ) ,p]sian & ,byzant9e ornam5ts & geometrical figures is z beautiful z x is bewild]+4 ,^! la/1 moreov]1 d n prepond]ate z 0 ! case lat] 9 ! deg5]ate ,mussulman ornam5tation prop]4 ,"h ! ,grecian frets are ! mo/ important1 be+ comb9$ 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways1 ! /ems & leaves trac+ ! mo/ graceful curves1 & all unit+ to =m an elegant bord]1 ( ! mo/ caprici\s trac]y4 ,! :ole ( ?is ornam5tation is ( m>ble1 delicately c>v$1 n[ smoo? & :ite1 n[ cov]$ ) m9ute mosaic ( v>i\s col\rs1 & load$ ) cry/al & gold4 ,! inscriptions se5 "h are also 9 gold1 on a gr\nd ( crimson1 or ultra-m>9e1 alt]nat+ ) ! %9+ 8s(eysafa40 8,s(eysafa0 is an obscure ^w1 :i* ,don ,pascual de ,gayangos believes to be a transposition ( ! ,arabic ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--#ifa-ifg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,*ief ,,entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--,,lat]al ,,nave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque--,,ea/ ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,cordova4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,cordova4 ,detail ( "o ( ! ni*es ( ! ,cupola4 ,mosaic key/ones ( ! great ar* ( ! ,mihrab4 ,details ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,,cordova4 ,cufic inscription1 ov] ! ar* ( ! ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,cordova4 ,pieces ( ,wood us$ 9 ! anci5t cov]+ ( ! ,mosque4 ,details ( ! ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque4 ^w ,foseyfasa1,a signify+ enamel "w ( exceptional brilliancy1 laid d[n by ,greek workm5 :om ,abd-er-,rahman _h br\ght to ,cordova = ! task4 ,a ,foseyfasa4 ,gayangos tells u t ! ^w is n 9 ! ,diction>ies1 b t1 accord+ to an old ,arabian writ]1 x is a sub/ance ( glass & small pebbles1 cru%$ & bak$ toge!r1 unit+1 ) great v>iety ( col\r1 great brilliancy1 & beauty2 x is sometimes mix$ ) silv] & gold4 ,"o ( ! conditions ( peace grant$ to ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,khalif1 ,al-wald1 0 t ! ,emp]or %\ld provide a c]ta9 quantity ( foseyfasa1 or enamell$ "w1 = ! great mosque at ,damascus4 ,idrisi1 9 8 description ( ! mosque ( ,cordova1 says t ! enamel :i* cov]$ ! walls ( ! 8mihrab10 came f ,con/ant9ople4 ,two columns are built into ! jamb ( ! entrance ar* to ! sanctu>y--"o ( black m>ble1 ! o!r ( jasp]1 ) lavi%ly c>v$ capitals4 ,if 8 bl9d en?usiasm did n deceive ,el-,makk>i1 ! f\r columns 7 ( gre5 jasp] & lapis-lazuli1 two ( ea*4 ,an impo/ re/s ^u !m z a cornice1 & f ?is ! ar* spr+s2 & on ! impo/ an inscription 9 gold5 *>act]s ^u a crimson gr\nd is writt51 :i* has ! foll[+ mean+3 8,9 ! "n ( ,god1 clem5t & m]ciful1 let u give praise to ,him1 :o direct$ u to ?is1 = we c\ld n h direct$ ourselves if we _h n be5 direct$ by ,god1 = :i* purpose ! deputies ( our ,"l came ) ! tru?4 ,! prie/ ,al-mo/an] ,billah ,abdallah ,al-,hakam1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,fai?ful--may ,god be fai?ful to him--ord]$ ! presid5t & prefect ( 8 c\rt1 ,giaf> b5 ,abd-er-,rahman--may ,god be pleas$ ) him--to add ^! two columns1 s9ce he laid ! f\ndations 9 ! holy fe> ( ,god1 & ) ,8 good pleasure4 ,?is "w 0 conclud$ 9 ! mon? ( ,dhilhagia ( ! ye> #ced ( ! ,hegirah40 ,f ?is inscription x w\ld seem t two ( ! columns support+ ! ar* ( 8s(eysafa0 7 plac$ !re by ord] ( ,hakam ,,ii41 & t ! o!rs belong$ to ! old 8mihrab10 :i* _h be5 demoli%$ 9 ord] to l5g!n ! mosque2 b no "o is capable ( say+ to-day :e!r ! black m>ble columns1 or ! jasp]1 7 ^? add$ by ! ord] ( ! magnific5t khalif2 & :e!r ! ine/imable gift :i* 0 deem$ wor?y ( be+ commemorat$ 9 lett]s ( gold 0 ( lapis-lazuli or n4 8,god alone kn[s60 ,! sanctu>y is a small heptagonal space1 ) a pavem5t ( :ite m>ble1 a socle =m$ by sev5 great slabs ( ! same1 & a dome1 also ( m>ble1 %ap$ l a %ell & made ( a s+le piece1 edg$ ) an elegant m\ld+4 ,! sev5 sides ( ! heptagon are decorat$ ) exquisite trefoil$ ar*es1 support$ by m>ble columns1 ) gilt capitals ( delicate workman%ip2 ! columns re/+ on a cornice1 bel[ ^: modules runs a fascia1 or fillet1 ( gild$ *>act]s c>v$ 9 ! m>ble ( ! slabs1 :i* =m ! socle1 or sub-basem5t4 ,)9 ?is sanctu>y 0 kept ! fam\s 8nimb>0 ( ,hakam ,,ii41 :i* 0 a sort ( pulpit1 accord+ to ! ,arab hi/orian1 unequall$ 9 ! _w1 ei!r = its mat]ials or its workman%ip4 ,x 0 ( ivory & preci\s woods--ebony1 r$ & yell[ s&al1 ,indian aloe1 c4--& ! co/ ( x 0 #ce1gje d9]os & ?ree adirmames4 ,x _h t5 /eps1 & 0 said to consi/ ( #cg1jjj pieces ( wood jo9$ by gold & silv] nails1 & incru/$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,x took n9e ye>s to build1 eight artific]s work+ at x ea* day4 ,?is pulpit1 :i* mu/ h be5 ( mosaic ( wood1 jewels & metals ( price1 0 res]v$ = ! khalif1 & 9 x 0 deposit$ also ! *ief object ( v5]ation ( all ! ,mohamm$ans ( ,&alusia1 a copy ( ! ,koran1 suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ,o?man1 & /ill /a9$ ) 8 blood4 ,?is copy 0 kept 9 a box ( gold5 tissue /udd$ ) pe>ls & rubies1 & cov]$ ) a case ( ri*e/ crimson silk1 & 0 plac$ on a desk or lect]n1 ( aloe wood ) gold5 nails4 ,its weight 0 s extraord9>y1 t two m5 c\ld sc>cely ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque--,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,almanzor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque--#ifa-ifg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,a ,,gate ,,on ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,lat]al ,,sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,side ,,( ,,! ,,captive',s ,,column4 c>ry x4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 ! pulpit 9 ord] t ! ,imam might read 9 x dur+ ! 8azala20 & :5 ! c]emony 0 conclud$1 x 0 c>ri$ to ano!r place1 :]e x rema9$1 c>efully gu>d$1 ) ! gold & silv] vases de/9$ = ! great celebration ( ,ramadhan4 ,! *ronicl]1 ,ambrosio de ,morales1 says t ! 8nimb>0 0 a sort ( *>iot on f\r :eels1 & t x _h b sev5 /eps4 ,x 0 to be se5 9 ! ca!dral ( ,cordova z late z ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 dismemb]$1 & its mat]ials employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a ,*ri/ian alt>4 ,! place1 :i* f ! slight indications ( ,edrisi appe>s to h s]v$ z treasure-room1 0 a sort ( *apel1 :i* is situat$ to-day n f> f ! site ( ! anci5t 8mihrab10 to ! nor? ( ! pres5t 8maksurrah40 ,9 ?is way x c easily be suppos$ t ! noble/ ap>tm5t ( ! mosque 0 completely clos$ to ! p on ! nor? & s\? sides2 &1 be+ occupi$ by ! pr9cipal p]sonages ( ! c\rt1 x w\ld h be5 difficult = any irrev]5ce to h be5 %[n to ! ,imam or to ! v5]at$ 8,mu%af0--,koran4 ,! two 8maksurrahs0 rema9$1 ! "o fac+ ! o!r1 bo? occupy+ exactly ! same space2 t is1 at lea/1 f ea/ to we/1 suppos+ t !y cut ! ?ree c5tre naves ( ! elev5 :i* are 9 ! mosque4 ,bo? ^! 8maksurrahs10 or scre5s1 h disappe>$2 & at ! pres5t "t we _c =m ! slighte/ idea z to _! design4 ,almo/ ! only ?+ :i* has rema9$ intact ( t "t is ! sumptu\s space ( ! ?ree *apels occupi$ by ! 8maksurrah0 ( ,hakam2 & ( ! spaces occupi$ by ! old 8maksurrahs10 only two disfigur$ *apels exi/--t ( ! *ief nave1 & t ( ! next nave to ! ea/4 ,! latt] is divid$ into two p>ts by a plat=m "s feet above ! floor ( ! mosque4 ,9 ! upp] portion ! 8,alicama0 or prelim9>y = ! pray] 0 made2 & 9 ! l[] "p1 :i* /ill has ! =m ( an und]gr\nd *apel1 ! treasure 0 kept4 ,! c5tre *apel1 ! pres5t ,*apel ( ,villaviciosa1 0 res]v$ = ! khalif :5 he did n act z ,imam2 & 9 ! we/ *apel1 :i* exi/s no long]1 0 ! seat ( ! ,cadi ( ! ,aljama4 ,no trace ( ! orig9al int]ior decoration ( ^! *apels rema9s at ! pres5t day1 & ext]nally1 only ! ar*es fac+ ! 8mihrab10 & :i* are simil> to ^? ( ! faade ( ! ve/ibule1 are left4 ,:5 ev]y?+ _h be5 complet$ int]nally to ! satisfaction ( ,hakam1 x occurr$ to him t ! f\nta9s 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,ablutions did n h>monise ) ! gr&eur ( ! mosque2 he !re=e comm&$ t !y %\ld be replac$ by f\r spl5did f\nts1 or tr\ghs1 ea* cut out ( a s+le piece ( m>ble--two = ! wom5 9 ! ea/]n "p1 & two = ! m5 9 ! we/4 ,x 0 8 wi% t ^! bas9s %\ld be ( magnific5t proportions1 & made f ! same qu>ry4 ,! "w took mu* "t1 engag$ _m p1 & necessitat$ ! exp5diture ( a great deal ( money2 b x 0 happily execut$1 & ! tr\ghs 7 br\ght to _! de/9ation by a slop+ way1 specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 on great c>ts1 ea* drawn by sev5ty /\t ox54 ,! wat]1 :i* 0 br\ght by ! aqu$ucts ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii41 & 0 /or$ 9 a great res]voir cov]$ ) m>ble1 fl[$ night & day2 & aft] supply+ ! wants ( ! mosque1 0 c>ri$ (f by ?ree conduits to fe$ z _m f\nta9s = public use 9 ! nor?1 ea/1 & we/ ( ! city4 ,! great ,vizi]1 ,almanzor1 consid]ably enl>g$ ! mosque2 _m ,*ri/ians1 load$ ) *a9s1 be+ employ$ among/ ! workm54 ,! ea/]n wall 0 ?r[n ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,mosque1 ,,nor? ,,side--,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,/4 ,,p$ro4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,masura ,,& ,,/4 ,,f]d9&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,masura4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,koran4 d[n1 & ! f\ndations ( a new wall 7 laid "o hundr$ & eighty feet f ! old "o1 ?r\gh\t ! entire l5g? f nor? to s\?4 ,9 ! cov]$ "p ( ! build+ eight great naves 7 add$1 all ( equal size1 & hav+ ! same numb] ( ar*es z ^? already exi/+2 s t ! ?irty-?ree m9or naves1 :i* cut ! pr9cipal naves at "r angles1 7 l5g!n$ "o hundr$ & eighty feet1 runn+ f ea/ to we/4 ,! new "p =m$ ?irty-five transv]se naves1 :]e !re _h =m]ly be5 only ?irty-?ree1 because ! w+1 ) ! resid5ces :i* fell to ! ea/ ( ! 8mihrab0 :i* 0 n l5g!n$1 occupi$ ! space ( ! two extra naves4 ,! prolongation ( ! m9or naves 0 n c>ri$ out ) ! slavi% & monoton\s uni=mity ( mod]n days4 ,! ,arab ar*itects did n und]/& symmetry z we d to-day1 & !y satisfi$ !mselves ) produc+ unity by means ( v>iety1 )\t seek+ a =c$ correspond5ce ( simil> p>ts4 ,9 ! "p add$ by ,almanzor x 0 consid]$ useless to give ! same dim5sions to ! buttresses ( ! nor? wall z ! primitive wall possess$1 & consequ5tly a space ( six feet 9 l5g? 0 ga9$ f ! pr9cipal naves at ! nor? side4 ,b z ?is extra wid? c\ld n be giv5 to ! fir/ ( ! less] naves1 z ! height ( ! columns w\ld n all[ ( x1 ! ar*itect d\btless ?\ght t in/ead ( divid+ up ?is small excess equally among ! ?irty-?ree ar*es 9 ! l5g? f nor? to s\?1 x w\ld be pref]able & m effective to pres]ve ! fir/ ?ree or f\r naves 9 l9e1 add+ a nave 9 ! space ga9$ by ! dim9ution 9 ! bulk ( ! buttresses1 & by enl>g+ ! succe$+ naves :]ev] x seem$ mo/ conv5i5t4 ,z a result ( ?is1 ! fir/ transv]se nave ( ! l5g!n$ "p1 on acc\nt ( ! great n>r[ness ( its int]columniation1 0 n able to pres]ve ! full span ( its ar*es4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 to br+ ! latt] ne>] toge!r & to break _! curve1 9 ord] to keep ! desir$ height1 & ?us probably = ! fir/ "t1 ,p$ro de ,madrazo consid]s1 0 se5 9 ! edifices ( ,arab ,spa91 ! po9t$ ar* :i* 0 de/9$ to totally *ange ! physiognomy ( monum5tal art 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ar*1 brok5 9 ?is mann] at ! culm9at+ po9t ( its curve1 pres5tly adopt$ 9 ?is small nave all ! v>ieties ( decoration to :i* x 0 susceptible4 ,"h 9 effect1 9 ?is small space ( b>ely sev5 feet wide & "o hundr$ & eighty-five long1 ar*itecture exhau/$ at "o "t1 & at ! fir/ attempt1 all ! %apes ( ar*es1 :i* 7 to be employ$ 9 ! f\r foll[+ c5turies2 a circum/ance :i* 0 q =tuit\s4 ,x 0 n ! int5tion to dissimulate ! enl>gem5t ( :i* we are speak+2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 decid$ to signalise x 9 an unmi/akable mann]1 = :i* purpose a r[ ( /\t pill>s 0 rais$1 :]e ! old ea/ wall /ood1 & :]e at pres5t is ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! elev5? & twelf? great] naves1 ! pill>s ( :i* 7 suitably unit$ to ea* o!r by great ar*es1 spr++ f beautiful columns 9 pairs1 built into ! pill>s4 ,! old classical art w\ld nev] h confid$ su* wide spaces to supports s delicate z are ^! columns1 :i* 9 c\ples s5d ! bold fe/oon$ ar*es1 :i* s]ve z an op5+ to ! edifice ( ,almanzor1 across to ! opposite pair4 ,b ! ar*itects ( ! "t ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 & ( ,hakam ,,ii4 _h already successfully attempt$ a simil> feat 9 ! gr& arcade ( ! inn] faade1 :i* looks on ! ,c\rt1 & 9 ! /r5g!n+ arcade :i* divides ! primitive mosque f its prolongation to ! s\?1 s !re 0 no reason to fe> its repetition4 ,to-day we pass1 ) a c]ta9 respect1 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,koran4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,mosaic ,,decoration ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y1 #ife-ajja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,"r-,,h& ,,side ,,gate ,,)9 ,,! ,,prec9cts ,,( ,,! 8,,maksurrah40 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,section ,,( ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 "u ^! bold ar*es ( eight metres elevation1 & six1 sev51 & ev5 eight metres 9 wid?1 :5 we consid] t !y re/ on columns ( "s ?ree metres high1 includ+ _! capitals2 & only ! /\tness ( ! pill>s into :i* ^! graceful pairs are built assures u t !y w n fall to ! gr\nd1 we>i$ ) su* a sup]natural ef=t4 ,= ! great] solidity ( ! wide edifice1 add$ by ,almanzor1 a l9e ( great pill>s & ar*es1 :i* m>k$ ! s\!rn limit ( ! orig9al mosque1 0 l5g!n$ z f> z ! ea/]n wall1 cross+ at "r angles ! /r5g!n+ arcade already m5tion$ /ret*+ f nor? to s\?2 s t ! actual ,aljama 0 divid$ into f\r unequal p>ts1 sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 probably1 by wood5 scre5s & p>titions4 ,! "p add$ by ,hakam ,,ii41 at ^: extremities rose ! old & ! new 8maksurrah10 0 call$ 8,! ,noble ,ap>tm5t10 & 0 res]v$ = ! nobility & ! p]sonages ( ! ,c\rt1 ! portion close to ! 8mihrab0 be+ occupi$ by ! ulema1 alkatibes1 almocries1 & o!r m9i/]s ( ! temple1 & ! ,imam4 ,! ?ree rema9+ p>ts 7 = ! p1 & mo/ likely ! sexes 7 divid$1 = x is c]ta91 f ! assurances ( an hi/orian cit$ by ,ahm$ ,el-,makk>i1 t !re 7 two doors inside ! naves lead+ to ! wom5's "p4 ,! art ( ! decorations ( ,almanzor's prolongation is n p>ticul>ly attractive1 ! ar*es seem to be copi$ f ^? ( ! old door1 & ! only circum/ance wor?y ( m5tion is t all ! capitals ( ! columns are equal1 & ( ! same =m1 9 contra/ ) ! great v>iety & ri*ness ( ! capitals 9 ! primitive mosque1 & 9 ! additions ( ,hakam ,,ii4 ,! delicate & uni=m con/ruction ( ! mighty 8hagib0 may be m5tion$ z a purely ar*ological item1 & also t ! names ( ! artific]s :o made !m are frequ5tly to be se5 9 ! f\ndations & %afts ( ! columns3 e4g41 ,mondair1 ,mo/auz1 ,motob>ack1 ,fayr1 ,masud1 ,tasvir1 ,nass>1 ,kabir1 ,am91 ,jalem-al-,am]y1 ,ha**i1 ,tsamil1 ,bekr1 ,casim4 ,) ! "p add$ by ,almanzor1 ! mosque is said to h =m$ a great rectangul> quadrilat]al #gdb feet long f nor? to s\?1 & #dgb feet wide f ea/ to we/1 enclos$ by f\r great battlem5t$ walls1 =tifi$ ) squ>e wat*-t[]s1 v>y+ 9 height4 ,! s\? wall1 :i* rea*$ a =midable height on acc\nt ( ! declivity ( ! gr\nd1 0 adorn$ ) n9ete5 t[]s1 includ+ ^? flank+ x at bo? angles1 :i* 7 m spaci\s & common to ! two walls ( ea/ & we/4 ,! we/]n wall _h f\rte5 t[]s1 & ! nor? five1 includ+ ! maje/ic m9>et ov] ! pr9cipal door2 &1 f9ally1 ! ea/]n wall 0 =tifi$ by t5 t[]s1 all correspond+ to ! "p :i* _h to be> ! pressure ( ! naves1 & ! wall ( ! ,c\rt at t side _h no t[]s at all4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! t[]s rema91 & ! wide old walls also exi/4 ,!re 7 twelve out] gates to ! mosque1 t5 lead+ into ! edifice1 & tw5ty-"o int]ior doors1 )\t c\nt+ ^? ( ! dep5d5cies to ! temple & t ( ! khalif's private passage1 n9ete5 9 ! faade ( ! c\rty>d1 & two :i* l$ to ! wom5's "p ( ! build+4 ,all ! out] doors 7 = ! mo/ "p rectangul>1 =m$ by ar*$ l9tels set into ornam5t$ horse%oe ar*es1 _! key/ones 7 ei!r :ite1 or ( alt]nate col\rs1 ! :ite be+ ri*ly decorat$ ) /ucco ornam5ts 9 relief1 & ! col\r$ ) beautiful mosaic ( r$ & yell[ brick1 cut into t9y pieces4 ,! horse%oe ar* is set 9 a beautiful frame1 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,cordova4 ,:ite m>ble pila/] ( pr9cipal nave4 ,ornam5ts & ar*es 9 ! ,mihrab4 key/ones ( *apel ( ! ,capitals r\gh-hewn4 ,f9i%$ capital specim5 ( ,arabian sculpture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,,cordova ,details ( ,moori% ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,details1 ,villaviciosa ,*apel & ,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,details ( ,moori% ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,ro( ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,masura ,,& ,,/4 ,,f]d9&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,*ocolate4 ri*ly ornam5t$ z are ! tympana betwe5 ! ar* & ! l9tel1 ! facias & ! little w9d[s ( p]=at$ alaba/]1 :i*1 n[ enclos$ 9 ar*es re/+ on little m>ble pill>s & gr\p$ 9 graceful pairs1 flank ! door4 ,"s ( ^! h project+ cornices =m+ a p>apet ) small d5talat$ t[]s1 :i* give ! sacr$ build+ ! appe>ance ( a =tress1 & recall ! w>like orig9 ( ! ,mohamm$an religion4 ,all ! out] gates h inscriptions1 ) invocations & v]ses tak5 f ! ,koran4 ,hakam ,,ii4 _h an ap>tm5t con/ruct$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! temple1 :i* 0 to s]ve = ! di/ribution ( alms1 & "h any poor w&]]1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ! city )\t protection or means ( subsi/5ce1 c\ld obta9 ! :]e)al to cont9ue 8 j\rney4 ,= ?is purpose ! khalif end[$ ! e/abli%m5t 9 a spl5did mann]4 ,x 0 n exactly a ho/el1 z its space 0 too limit$2 &1 besides1 ,hakam _h already e/abli%$ o!r places ( lodg+ = poor travell]s outside ! mosque1 "o ( ^! be+ q ne> ?is 8,d>-z-asdaca10 or 8,alms ,*amb]40 ,poor /ud5ts1 too1 7 look$ aft]1 & receiv$ a daily meal1 & ev5 small sums ( money4 ,! wise m5 receiv$ annual p5sions f ! treasury1 accord+ to _! m]it & p]sonal circum/ances4 ,! ,alms ,*amb] 01 prop]ly speak+1 only int5d$ = ! di/ribution ( alms to ! poor4 ,its beautiful door1 to-day block$ up1 c /ill be se51 bo? inside & out1 9 ! wall ( ! mosque1 &1 accord+ to ,el-,makk>i1 x 0 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! we/]n side4 ,x is no long] possible to =m an exact idea ( ! aspect ( ! *amb] z x 0 :5 ,hakam ,,ii4 complet$ its decoration4 ,he cov]$ x ) gild$ & pa9t$ /ucco "w1 :i* turn$ its walls into beautiful filigree1 & to-day ?is ap>tm5t is half =gott51 aft] hav+ s]v$ z a ve/ibule to ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ca!dral ( ,cordova4 ,no "o w\ld ?9k t ?is place1 beyond ,/4 ,mi*ael's po/]n1 & sep>at$ f ! body ( ! build+ by a wret*$ p>tition & a door ( p9e-wood1 is ! anci5t 8,d>-z-asdaca40 ,= _m ye>s x 0 us$ z a ,*apt] ,hall1 & ! ar*ives ( ! ext9ct music-s*ool1 ) its *oir books1 7 kept "h4 ,! actual dim5sions ( ! mosque v>i$ at diff]5t p]iods1 & are difficult to e/abli%4 ,"o au?ority says1 t 9 l5g? f nor? to s\? ! mosque measur$ six hundr$ & =ty-two feet1 9 wid? f\r hundr$ & sixty-two feet4 ,mr4 ,w>+1 9 8 ,notes ( an ,ar*itect 9 ,spa91 describes ! mosque z an oblong ( ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r feet by ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,! fam\s ,orange ,c\rt is 9 l5g? two hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 &1 be+ )9 ! b\nd>y walls ( ! mosque1 x is probably includ$ 9 ! =m] measurem5t4 ,x is also impossible to fix1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 ! numb] ( columns conta9$ 9 ! mosque dur+ ! "t ( ,mohamm$an supremacy4 ,ambrosio de ,morales1 & ! ,infante ,don ,juan ,manuel1 bo? ( :om describ$ ! mosque be=e ! columns 7 r$uc$ 9 numb] by ! alt]ations to :i* ! build+ has be5 subject$1 e/imate ! figures at "o ?\s& & twelve1 b x is only too c]ta9 t :5 ! mosque 0 conv]t$ into a ,*ri/ian *ur* v _m 7 remov$ to make room = alt>s & *apels4 ,no less ?an "o hundr$ columns 7 compris$ )9 ! 8maksurrah10 :i* 0 fur!r provid$ ) ?ree doors ( exquisite workman%ip1 "o ( :i* 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,ve/ibule ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,mihrab ,,or ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,ar* ,,& ,,front ,,( ,,! ,,abd-,,er-,,rahman ,,& ,,mihrab ,,*apels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 cov]$ ) plates ( pure gold1 z 7 ! walls ( ! 8mihrab40 ,! floor ( ! 8maksurrah10 x is said1 0 pav$ ) silv]1 & ! pavem5ts adjac5t to x 7 cov]$ ) 8s(eysafa40 ,! ceil+ ( ! mosque 0 =m]ly cov]$ ) oval c>t\*es1 be>+ appropriate monitory inscriptions & pi\s s5t5ces--su* z1 8,be n "o ( ! neglig5t10 8,felicity10 8,bless+10 8,!re is no ,god b ,god1 to :om all be+s address !mselves 9 _! ne$0--?us incit+ ! m9ds ( ! fai?ful to contemplation & pray]4 ,"s few ( ! c>t\*es are /ill rema9+2 b ! inscriptions 71 = ! mo/ "p1 c>efully effac$ :5 ! mosque 0 trans=m$ into a ,*ri/ian temple4 ,^? 9 ! 8mihrab10 & 9 ! angles ne> ! t[]1 may yet be se54 ,! numb] ( braz5 *&eli]s ( diff]5t sizes 9 ! mosque is comput$ at upw>ds ( two hundr$1 & ! numb] ( cups atta*$1 & conta9+ oil1 at upw>ds ( sev5 ?\s&4 ,"s ( ! oil-res]voirs = ! great lamps 7 ,*ri/ian bells1 depriv$ ( _! clapp]s2 inv]t$1 & susp5d$ f ! ro(4 ,x is kn[n t 9 ! _m exp$itions aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian1 bells 7 frequ5tly remov$ f ! *ur*es & br\ght to ,cordova4 ,sometimes ! metal ( ! bells 0 reca/ into =ms m 9 accordance ) ! ,moori% /yle ( ornam5t4 ,! foll[+ rites _h to be obs]v$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! mosque3 ,! ornam5ts 7 to consi/ only ( brass1 silv] or glass lamps1 :i* 7 light$ at night :5 ! doors 7 op5$ = pray]4 ,"s /rik+ design 0 pa9t$ on ! we/ wall1 9 ord] t ! fai?ful %\ld look 9 t direction4 ,!re 0 only "o pulpit1 :i* 0 on :eels1 z ! s]mon 0 prea*$ f any spot ! ,talvi wi%$4 ,! c\rts ( ! mosque 7 pav$ ) porcela9 tiles1 ov] :i* pure wat] c\ld fl[4 ,^? :o did n wa% !mselves at home 7 oblig$ to d s 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,ablutions be=e ent]+ ! sacr$ prec9cts4 ,all %oes _h to be left at ! door ( ! mosque1 & no build+s1 su* z inns & ho/elries1 & disreputable h\ses1 7 all[$ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,no ,jews 7 all[$ to pass be=e x4 ,wom5 7 n p]mitt$ to ent] "s mosques1 because !y 7 n circumcis$1 ! sultana alone hav+ an oratory1 :]e %e pray$ = all wom54 ,at midnight a mezz9 m\nt$ ! m9>et1 & cri$ out3 8,god is great1 to pray is bett] ?an to sleep02 at two o'clock 9 ! morn+ he said ! same2 at f\r o'clock he plac$ a lant]n at ! end ( a rod & said1 8,day is break+1 let u praise ,god02 at ! f\r? pray] he hoi/$ a :ite flag1 :i* 0 l[]$ at "o o'clock1 say+1 8,god is great40 ,friday 0 _! fea/ day1 & a blue bann] 0 hoi/$ at dawn1 & left float+ till half-pa/ t54 ,! fif? pray] 0 at f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 9 w9t] at ?ree2 :5 ! ev5+ /> appe>$1 ! six? pray] 0 call$ out2 & at n9e o'clock ! la/ pray] ( ! day 0 said4 ,s& glasses 7 employ$ to m>k ! passage ( ! h\rs4 ,! /ate ( ,cordova di$ ) ,almanzor2 & ! races1 :o alt]nately took possession ( ! ?rone1 did n leave ! lea/ trace 9 ! mosque4 ,f9ally1 ,/4 ,f]d9&1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile & ,tol$o1 completely r\t$ ! ,moors1 & ! mezquita 0 purifi$ & d$icat$ to ,our ,lady ( ! ,assumption4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral3 8,let x be kn[n t ,i1 ,f]d9&1 by ! grace ( ,god1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 ) ! cons5t & approval ( ,dona ,b]5guele1 my ,"m1 & ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,details ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,m>ble ,,socle ,,9 ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,basem5t ,,panel ,,( ,,! ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ( ,dona ,juana1 ! ,que5 my wife1 & ( my *ildr51 ,alfonso1 ,fr$]ico1 & ,f]d9&1 make a de$ ( gift to ,god ( ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ( ,cordova1 & to y1 ,ma/] ,lope1 my belov$ *os5 ,bi%op ( ! same1 f n[ on1 & to y\r successors1 & ! ,*apt] ( ,canons1 c4 ,novemb] #ab?1 #abch40 ,?is pi\s mon>* f\nd$ a *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,clem5t1 :i* 0 erect$ aga9/ ! s\? wall1 embrac+ ! space occupi$ by ?ree naves f ea/ to we/1 & by f\r transv]se naves f nor? to s\?4 ,?is space 0 %ut 9 ) walls1 leav+ ! two ,arab ar*es inside intact1 ! alt> d$icat$ to ! sa9t be+ plac$ aga9/ ! ea/ wall4 ,_m nobles foll[$ ! k+'s example1 & f\nd$ *apels1 among/ !m be+ t ( ,/4 ,inez1 erect$ by ,pi$ro ,diaz de ,h>o1 9 #abej1 9 ! t5? pr9cipal nave1 c\nt+ f ! we/ wall1 also aga9/ ! s\? wall1 & only occupy+ two transv]se naves4 ,/4 ,f]d9& end[$ ! ca!dral s ri*ly t on 8 dea? its b5efices 7 v consid]able4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,alfonso ,x41 :o %[$ ! same religi\s _s z 8 fa!r1 giv+ l>ge grants to ! funds ( ! ca!dral2 &1 9 ! ye> #abeh1 erect+ ! gr& *apel1 conc$+ _m privileges to ! "w & ! fabric4 ,! donations made by o!r ,*ri/ians up to ?is "t _h be5 ( a v mode/ nature2 &1 z ! ,jews ( ,cordova 7 exp5d+ great sums on ! erection ( a synagogue1 x seems z ?\gh ! ,*ri/ians 7 %am$ into great] g5]osity to ! ca!dral1 = at ! same "t ! fam\s comm&]1 ,dom+o ,muoz1 erect$ ! *apel ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & ! *apt] & ! k+ decid$ to turn ! mosque into a real ,*ri/ian ca!dral 9 develop+ ,we/]n ar*itecture4 ,! comm&] made 8 *apel 9 ! angle =m$ by ! inn] s\? wall & ! we/ side ( ! ve/ibule1 or 8maksurrah10 ( ,hakam ,,ii41 tak+ ! area ( two pr9cipal & two transv]se naves4 ,z ?is *apel c\ld n be light$ f outside on acc\nt ( ! we/ w+ ( ! 8mihrab10 & ! khalif's secret passage be+ beh9d1 x 0 illum9at$ ) light f ! temple1 a po9t$ door & f\r w9d[s be+ made 9 ! nor? wall4 ,! *apt] set ab\t _! "w ) m spl5d\r4 ,!y select$ ! ?ree fir/ transv]se naves ( ! noble ap>tm5t1 beg9n+ at ! re-in=c+ wall1 :i* m>ks ! prolongation ( ,hakam1 giv+ to ! s+le nave t !y op5$ a l5g? ( "o hundr$ feet f ! inn] door ( ! ,alms ,*amb] to ! c5tral ap>tm5t ( ! ?ree enclos$ 9 ! old 8maksurrah40 ,!y made ! ,alms ,*amb] into a ve/ibule1 leav+ ! re-in=c+ wall z x 0 )\t t\*+ ! bold ultra-semi-circul> ar*es re/+ on pairs ( columns2 !y pull$ d[n ! cadi's ap>tm5t 9 ord] to make way = ! transept1 & also ! ?ree transv]se naves x _h occupi$4 ,! ?ree columns 9 front ( ! ,arab pill>s1 :i* /ood 9 ! l5g? f ea/ to we/1 7 pull$ d[n too1 & ?ree h&som] pill>s 7 erect$ 9 _! place1 =tifi$ at "r angles by walls 9 ! mann] ( buttresses1 :i* int]cept$ ! entire wid? ( "o transv]se nave4 ,great po9t$ ar*es sprang f pill> to pill>1 correspond+ ) ! horse-%oe ar*es 9 front2 a light & graceful dome /ret*$ f "o side to ! o!r1 divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts by ?ree great ar*es1 ( :i* t ne>e/ to ! sanctu>y re/$ on high columns1 & ! o!r two on well-c>v$ brackets1 ) op5-"w bord]s susp5d$ at a regul> height above ! spaces4 ,f9ally1 !y took ! c5tral ap>tm5t ( ! anci5t 8maksurrah10 :]e we presume ! khalif sat1 & erect$ !re ! ,gr& ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,front ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,nor? ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel4 ,?is *apel 0 built at ! k+'s exp5se1 = :i* ! grateful *apt] resolv$ to celebrate ! anniv]s>y ( 8 dea?1 a practice :i* has be5 fai?fully obs]v$ to ! pres5t day4 ,! arrangem5t ( ?is space 0 p]fectly adapt$ = ! purpose ( a ,gr& ,*apel2 ! o!r room adjo9+ to ! ea/ be+ conv]t$ into a sacri/y4 ,x 0 d\btless 9 ! same condition z :5 f9i%$ by ! ar*itects ( ,hakam ,,ii4 ,at ! nor? side x _h a horse-%oe ar* correspond+ ) ! re-in=c+ wall ( ! same khalif1 & on ! ea/ side x _h a great ar*$ w9d[ & two little doors at ! sides1 :i* communicat$ ) ! tribune ( ! 8,alicama10 at ! s\? side1 giv+ a spl5did example ( ! ri* ,byzant9e /yle ( ! "t ( ,hakam1 & =m+ a comb9ation ( segm5t ar*es cross+ 9 space & =m+ crosses ( undulat+ ribbons 9 ! int]columniations1 ! :ole be+ simil> to ! decoration display$ 9 front ( ! ve/ibule ( ! 8mihrab40 ,we d n "k h[ ! we/ side 0 decorat$1 :]e ?is space 0 unit$ ) ! ap>tm5t ( ! cadi1 :i* _h be5 pull$ d[n4 ,9 ord] to conv]t ?is into a ,gr& ,*apel x 0 n necess>y to disfigure x completely2 x 0 suffici5t to fill up ! great nor!rn ar*1 :i* 9 ! "t ( ! khalifs 0 clos$ by ! fir/ 8maksurrah10 & also to block up ! great w9d[ at ! ea/1 communicat+ ) ! tribune ( ! 8,alicama20 to leave ! two little side doors op5 = communication ) ! sacri/y1 & to enl>ge ! sanctu>y z mu* z necess>y1 to %ut x 9 at ! s\? side ) glass w9d[s1 & to place ! cu/om>y *ancel at its op5+4 ,p]haps no m ?an ?is 0 done2 b :o is capable to-day ( say+ h[ mu* respect ! k+'s ar*itects _h = ,arab-,byzant9e "w8 ,9 ! ye> #abfj ,don ,gonzalo ,yanez1 fir/ g5tleman ( ,aguil>1 f\nd$ ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,five ye>s lat] ! ,bi%op ,f]n&o de ,mesa built ! ,*apel ( ,santiago1 9 ! s\?-ea/ corn]1 ne> ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,?is *apel 0 wide & commodi\s1 & ! ,arab ar*es 9 its area 7 n di/urb$4 ,9 #abfc ,k+ ,alfonso ,x4 _h ! anci5t aqu$ucts repair$1 & 9 #abge ,pr9ce ,f]d9& gave an ord] = f\r ,moors1 :o %\ld be free f taxation1 to be kept at "w 9 ! build+ op]ations ( ! ca!dral4 ,two ( ^! 7 to be c>p5t]s1 & two masons4 ,?is privilege 0 confirm$ sev]al times 9 succe$+ ye>s1 & a *>t] exi/s1 dat$ ,cordova1 #be? ,octob]1 #abhb1 :i* ord]s t all ! ,moors liv+ 9 ! city1 :e!r !y 7 artific]s or n1 %all "w = two days ( ! ye> 9 ! ca!dral4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ^! workm5 w\ld und]/& ! repair+ ( ,moori% "w bett] ?an ,*ri/ians1 b ! task 0 also meant z a humiliation4 ,z "t w5t on1 ^! workm51 m or less1 lo/ ! traditions ( _! fai? & _! ar*itecture1 s t !y 7 really ( little s]vice 9 pres]v+ ! orig9al "* ( ! edifice4 ,9 #abgh ! fir/ /atue ( ,/4 ,raphael ! ,ar*angel 0 plac$ on ! top ( ! m9>et4 ,at t "t ,cordova 0 visit$ by ! plague1 :i* work$ t]rible de/ruction among/ ! inhabitants4 ,x is relat$ t ,/4 ,raphael appe>$ to ,fri> ,simon de ,s\sa1 ( ! ,conv5t ( ,our ,lady ( ,m]cy1 & told him t ,god 0 mov$ ) compassion1 & t ,he w\ld take away ! visitation if a /atue ( ,/4 ,raphael himself 7 plac$ on ! t[] ( ! ,ca!dral1 & if 8 ,fea/ 7 celebrat$ prop]ly e ye>4 ,?is 0 done1 & ! plague imm$iately ceas$4 ,a new *apel to ,/4 ,b>?olomew 0 erect$ 9 #abhj by ,m>t9 ,muoz1 nephew ( ! fam\s comm&] ,dom+o ,muoz2 & aft] ?is1 ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,arab ,,tribune1 ,,to-,,day ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa1 ,,left ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,anci5t ,,inscription ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,khalifate1 ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,an ,,excavation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,tra/am>a1 ,,s\? ,,side4 :i* belong$ to ! family ( ! ,godois4 ,!n foll[$ ! f\ndation ( ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 by a pi\s ,ar*deacon2 & ( ! ,*apels ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 & ,/4 ,giles1 & t ( ,our ,lady ( ! ,sn[4 ,x 0 n ?\ght wise to make any great ef=ts to introduce ! art ( ! ,we/ into a city :i* c\ld n z yet be consid]$ sure ( n fall+ aga9 into ! h&s ( ! infidels4 ,9 ! ye> #acfi ,don ,enrique1 ! ,fraticide1 came to ! ?rone ( ,ca/ile4 ,he desir$ to c>ry out ! wi%es ( 8 fa!r1 & to give him a place ( sepul*re wor?y ( 8 high r5[n4 ,= ?is purpose he ord]$ a ,royal ,*apel to be erect$ 9 ! ca!dral at ! back ( ! ,gr& ,*apel 9 ! ,arab ,tribune1 :i* s]v$ z a sacri/y4 ,he decid$ to bury "h 8 gr&fa!r1 ,don ,f]n&o ,x41 ^: body _h be5 laid "u ! gr& *apel by ord] ( 8 ,que51 ,con/anza4 ,?is fabric mu/ h tak5 "s consid]able "t1 = ! /ucco1 wood & tile "w are really wond]ful4 ,mohamm$an art _h und]gone a complete trans=mation2 ! gr&iose ,arab-,byzant9e /yle _h be5 succe$$ by ! effem9ate ,moori% s*ool1 fir/ practis$ by ! ,almoravides1 & aft] by ! ,almohades2 & ! ,moori% ar*itects & decorators ( ,cordova c\ld n rema9 un9flu5c$ by ! ta/e :i* _h become g5]al ?r\gh ! artific]s :o _h r5ovat$ ! ,alcaz> at ,seville1 & :o _h embelli%$ ! ,alhambra at ,granada4 ,no?+ 0 m unlike ! ar*itecture ( ! days ( ,hakam ,,ii4 ?an t employ$ n[ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,royal ,*apel4 ,two p>ts are notic$--an upp] & a l[]4 ,! ,moori% ar*itect :o direct$ ! "w _h w9d[s ) ornam5t$ ar*es 9 ! new /yle op5$ 9 ! ea/ & we/ sides1 :i* 7 long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,he ord]$1 too1 t ,s>ac5 art1 emancipat$ f ! ,byzant9e traditions1 %\ld be /amp$ on ! ornam5tation ( ! f\r walls1 & on ! cupola t cr[n$ !m4 ,^! ar*es 7 giv5 fe/oons ) lobules1 :i* boldly1 ?\gh corruptly1 hid ! true object ( ! curves4 ,!y 7 also set 9 squ>e comp>tm5ts1 =m+ _m edges beautifully work$ ) hamm] & *isel4 ,! fram+s 7 cr[n$ ) beautiful little cornices ( small int]lac$ & op5-work$ ar*es1 & above !m ran r\nd all ! f\r sides a wide facia ( little p9e-%ap$ domes1 :i* imitat$ /alactites ( cry/allis$ gold1 hav+ a mo/ surpris+ effect1 & ( a sort until !n unkn[n 9 ! mo/ fam\s mosque ( ! ,we/4 ,9 ! ea/ & we/ walls1 :i* 7 ! longe/ ( ! rectangle1 ! ar*es ) lobules1 :i* c\ld n be op5$1 7 9 relief2 & re/+ on ! light cornice 7 two tablets ) lions4 ,!re 7 f\r ( ^! lions--two on ! we/]n & two on ! ea/]n facia1 equi-di/ant f "o ano!r2 & f ea* lion to t :i* fac$ him sprang a great ar*1 ^: fac+ project$ "s feet ov] ! l[] zone1 & f ea* lion to t by 8 side sprang ano!r great ar*1 :i* did n project beyond ! fac+ ( ! l[] wall4 ,^! f\r upp] ar*es1 ea* "o ) tw5ty-"o trefoil lobules1 =m$ a p]fect squ>e1 _! f\r supports be+ at an equal di/ance1 ?anks to ! +5i\s me?od ( cutt+ ! long] sides1 putt+ ! lions p]p5dicul>ly ov] ! great l[] ar*es4 ,once ?is difficulty 0 ov]come x 0 d\btless an easy matt] to raise ! cupola1 :i* 0 to cr[n ! fabric4 ,! anci5t dome mu/ h be5 simil> to t :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,*apel ( ,villaviciosa1 b x mu/ h seem$ poor 9 ! eyes ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,ii41 s accu/om$ to see+ ! ,moori% cupolas ) /alactites2 s !y plac$ a cornice on ! ar*es describ$ above1 & on ?is ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,arab ,,arcade ,,above ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,details1 ,,ar*es ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sultan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,pr9cipal ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,detail ,,ne> ,,! ,,mihrab4 re/$ ! segm5ts ( ! circle1 :i* =m ! elegant & /range ,african cupola4 ,! foll[+ di/ribution is se5 9 ! l[] portion3 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! ea/ side !re is an ar* =m$ ( little domes ) /alactites1 slightly po9t$1 suffici5tly deep1 enclos$ 9 a sort ( fram+ ( gild$ /ucco1 =m+ beautifully int]lac$ bran*es4 ,! squ>e comp>tm5t f9i%es at ! l[] end 9 a wide facia1 :i* runs on bo? sides on a high socle ( m9ute & beautiful til+1 & betwe5 ! complicat$ ornam5ts 9 relief circles are =m$1 enclos+ ! arms ( ,ca/ile & ,leon4 ,to ! "r side1 on ?is same facia1 is an ornam5tal ar* ( elev5 lobules enclos$ 9 ano!r fram+1 entirely cov]$ ) trac]y 9 relief1 su/a9$ by two v slight columns1 built into ! wall4 ,jo9$ to ?is is ano!r ar*1 mu* l[]1 ) sev5 lobules1 also ornam5t$1 & su/a9$ by columns ( ! same /yle z ^? j describ$1 be>+ a %ield ) ! same arms4 ,! left side has ! same ornam5tation1 ) ! diff]5ce t bo? ! ar*es h sev5 lobules1 because ! wall has m frontage on ?is side3 & ano!r diff]5ce 0 t 9 ! nor?-ea/ corn] x _h an ornam5tation ( m9ute op5-"w in/ead ( a %ield4 ,! wall opposite _h ! same di/ribution ) a deep c5tral ar* & small ar*es at ! side1 ) little columns 9 ! ,go?ic /yle1 :i* %[ already t ! /yle is no long] purely ,moori%1 b a sort ( base mixture ( ! decorative art ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,p]haps we may consid] ?is ! true concession ( ! ,moori% artific]s to ! art pref]r$ by ! ,c\rt1 & z _! f9al ab&onm5t ( ! pure /yle1 :i* _h be5 traditional ) !m4 ,9 #aeba ! ,bi%op ,don ,alonso ,manrique obta9$ p]mission f ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 to erect ! ,go?ic ca!dral1 :i* is 9 exi/5ce to-day4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 :5 he visit$ ! build+s1 ! ,emp]or rep5t$ hav+ giv5 8 p]mission4 ,inde$ ! ,*ri/ian "w appe>s cold & pallid by ! side ( t ( ! ,arabs4 ,z ,amados de los ,rios1 a great ,spani% antiqu>y & ,ori5tali/1 s+s 9 8 m\rnful requiem ov] ! dep>t$ glories ( ! mosque3 8,nei!r ! sumptu\s ,*ri/ian fabric t to-day rises 9 ! mid/ ( ^? c\ntless columns1 nor all ! treasures ( art lavi%$ ^u x by ! celebrat$ arti/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury :o erect$ x1 nor t int]m9able s]ies ( *apels ( e epo* :i*1 re/+ aga9/ ! walls ( ! mosque disfigure x2 nor ! clumsy angels t seem to susp5d _! flight to %$ glory ov] ! ,div9e s]vice1 nor ! words ( ! ,evangeli/ s\nd+ f ! seat ( ! ,holy ,_s1 c dispel or bani%1 9 ! slighte/ degree1 ! maje/y ( ^? w&]+ %ades t 9 va9 seek 9 ! sanctu>y ! sacr$ volume ^: leaves1 accord+ to tradition1 7 enamell$ ) ! blood ( ! ,khalif ,o?man1 m>tyr to ! fai?4 ,a _w ( s\v5irs "h en?rals ! m9d ( ! travell] z he gazes ) a feel+ ( sorr[ ^u ^! pr(anations--works d$icat$ by ! intol]ant1 yet s9c]e1 fai? ( our ance/ors2 impell$ by ! desire ( bani%+ = ev] f t spot1 consecrat$ to ! law ( ,jesus1 ! _s ( ,mohamm$ & ! gho/s ( 8 slaves t haunt x1 & w = ev] haunt x :ile x exi/s4 ,=1 9 spite ( ! mutilations x has endur$1 & ( ! *anges x has und]gone1 !re is impress$ ^u x1 by a sup]ior in]adicable law1 ! seal ( ! art t inspir$ x1 & ! "* ( ! p by :om x 0 plann$ & erect$40 ,don ,amados is n alone 9 8 eloqu5t1 if unavail+1 prote/4 ,:5 ,*>les ,v4 obs]v$ ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*apel ris+ out ( ! v c5tre ( ! mosque1 he rebuk$ ! ,bi%op1 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,gates ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,pila/]s ,,& ,,arabian ,,ba?s4 ,alonso ,manriquez1 :o _h erect$ ! incongru\s edifice1 9 no measur$ t]ms4 8,y h built "h10 said ! k+1 8:at y or anyone might h built else:]e2 b y h spoilt :at 0 unique 9 ! _w40 ,alas6 ! mon>* _h =gott51 or did n *oose to rememb]1 t ! reprim& came ) a v bad grace f "o :o1 = 8 nev]-complet$ palace at ,granada1 _h torn d[n :ole c\rts & halls ( ! ,alhambra4 ,! mosque ( ,cordova is /ill to-day1 by univ]sal cons5t1 ! mo/ beautiful ,mussulman temple1 & "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful ar*itectural monum5ts 9 ! _w4 ,! susceptible ,italian au?or1 ,edmondo de ,amicis1 has giv5 u a vividly picturesque description ( 8 fir/ impression ( ! int]ior ( ! build+4 8,imag9e a =e/10 he says1 8fancy y\rself 9 ! ?icke/ portion ( x1 & t y c see no?+ b ! trunks ( trees4 ,s1 9 ?is mosque1 on :atev] side y look1 ! eye loses itself among ! columns4 ,x is a =e/ ( m>ble1 ^: conf9es "o _c discov]4 ,y foll[ ) y\r eye1 "o by "o1 ! v long r[s ( columns t int]lace at e /ep ) numb]less o!r r[s1 & y rea* a semi-obscure backgr\nd1 9 :i* o!r columns seem to be gleam+4 ,!re are n9ete5 aisles1 :i* ext5d f nor? to s\?1 trav]s$ by ?irty-?ree o!rs1 support$ 7among !m all7 by m ?an n9e hundr$ columns ( porphyry1 jasp]1 breccia1 & m>bles ( e col\r4 ,ea* column upholds a small pila/]1 & betwe5 !m runs an ar*1 & a second "o ext5ds f pila/] to pila/]1 ! latt] plac$ above ! =m]1 & bo? ( !m 9 ! =m ( a horse%oe2 s t 9 imag9+ ! columns to be ! trunks ( s _m trees1 ! ar*es repres5t ! bran*es1 & ! similitude ( ! mosque to a =e/ is complete4 ,! middle aisle1 mu* broad] ?an ! o!rs1 ends 9 front ( ! 8maksurrah10 :i* is ! mo/ sacr$ "p ( ! temple1 :]e ! ,koran 0 wor%ipp$4 ,"h1 f ! w9d[s 9 ! ceil+1 falls a pale ray ( light t illum9ates a r[ ( columns2 !re is a d>k spot2 f>!r on falls a second ray1 :i* lights ano!r aisle4 ,x is impossible to express ! feel+ ( my/]i\s surprise :i* t spectacle ar\ses 9 y\r s\l4 ,x is l ! sudd5 revelation ( an unkn[n religion1 nature1 & life1 :i* be>s away y\r imag9ation to ! delight ( t p>adise1 full ( love & voluptu\sness1 :]e ! bless$1 seat$ "u ! %ade ( leafy palm trees & ?ornless rose bu%es1 dr9k f cry/al vases ! w9e1 sp>kl+ l pe>ls1 mix$ by immortal *ildr51 & take _! repose 9 ! arms ( *>m+ black-ey$ virg9s6 ,all ! pictures ( et]nal pleasure1 :i* ! ,koran promises to ! fai?ful1 pres5t !mselves to y\r bright m9d1 gleam+ & vivid1 at ! fir/ sight ( ! mosque1 & cause y a sweet mom5t>y intoxication1 :i* leaves 9 y\r he>t an indescribable sort ( melan*oly6 ,a brief tumult ( ! m9d1 & a sp>k ( fire ru%es ?r\gh y\r bra9--su* is ! fir/ s5sation "o exp]i5ces ^u ent]+ ! ca!dral ( ,cordova40 ,li/5 aga9 to ! mus+s ( ?is same impressionable writ]1 z he gazes at ! ceil+ & walls ( ! pr9cipal *apel1 ! only "p ( ! mosque t is q intact4 8,x is10 he says1 8a dazzl+ gleam ( cry/als ( a ?\s& col\rs1 a network ( arabesques1 :i* puzzles ! m9d1 & a complication ( bas-reliefs1 gild+s1 ornam5ts1 m9uti ( design & col\r+1 ( a delicacy1 grace & p]fection suffici5t to drive ! mo/ pati5t pa9t] di/ract$4 ,x is impossible to reta9 any ( ! pret5ti\s "w 9 ! m9d4 ,y might turn a hundr$ times to look at x1 & x w\ld only seem to y1 9 ?9k+ x ov]1 a ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,inscriptions ,,& ,,arabian ,,*apt]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,a ,,cufic ,,inscription ,,9 ,,! ,,place ,,appropriat$ ,,to ,,! ,,p]=mance ,,( ,,ablutions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,arabic ,,inscriptions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,a ,,cufic ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,additions ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,khalif ,,al-,,hakam4 m+l+ ( blue1 r$1 gre51 gild$1 & lum9\s po9ts1 or a v intricate embroid]y1 *ang+ cont9ually1 ) ! greate/ rapidity1 bo? design & col\r+4 ,only f ! fi]y & indefatigable imag9ation ( ! ,arabs c\ld su* a p]fect miracle ( art emanate40 ,b if ! m]e %ell ( ?is maje/ic edifice1 ?is voiceless te/imony to ! glory ( a _w-p[] t has gone ! way ( all temporal empires is /ill eloqu5t 9 decay1 & /ill a =ce to /ir ! imag9ation1 :at mu/ x h be5 :5 ! _s ( ,moslemism fill$ its c\rts1 & ! temple res\nd$ ) praise & devotion8 ,we c get "s idea ( ! impressiv5ess ( a ,mohamm$an s]vice 9 ! pages ( ,fr$]ick ,s*ack's ,poetry & ,art ( ! ,arabs 9 ,spa9 & ,sicily4 ,! foll[+ vivid passage is a description ( ! mosque ( ,cordova on a solemn fte day3 8,on bo? sides ( ! pulpit wave two /&>ds to signify t ,islam has triumph$ ov] ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 & t ! ,koran has conqu]$ ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,! #8,almn$ian' climb ^u ! gall]y ( ! high m9>et & intone ! #8salam' or salutation to ! ,prophet4 ,!n ! nave ( ! mosque fills ) believ]s1 :o1 clo!d 9 :ite & we>+ a fe/ive aspect1 ga!r = ! oration4 ,9 a few mom5ts1 ?r\gh\t ! edifice no?+ is to be se5 b kneel+ p4 ,by ! secret way :i* jo9s ! temple to ! alcaz>1 comes ! khalif1 :o seats himself 9 8 elevat$ place4 ,a read] ( ! ,koran reads a ,sura on ! read+-desk ( ! ,tribune4 ,! voice ( ! ,muezz9 s\nds aga91 invit+ p to ! noon-day pray]s4 ,all ! fai?ful rise & murmur _! pray]s1 mak+ obeisances4 ,a s]vant ( ! mosque op5s ! doors ( ! pulpit & seizes a sword1 ) :i*1 turn+ t[>ds ,mecca1 he admoni%es all to praise ,mohamm$1 :ile ! ,prophet's "n is be+ celebrat$ f ! ,tribune by ! s++ ( ! #8mubaliges4' ,aft] ?is ! prea*] asc5ds ! pulpit1 tak+ f ! h& ( ! s]vant ! sword1 :i* recalls & symbolises ! subjection ( ,spa9 to ! p[] ( ,islam4 ,x is ! day on :i* #8,djihad1' or ! holy w>1 is to be proclaim$1 ! call = all able-bodi$ m5 to desc5d into ! battle-field aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! multitude li/5 ) sil5t devotion to ! disc\rse 7wov5 f ! head ( ! ,koran7 :i* beg9s l ?is3 8#8,prais$ be ,god1 :o has increas$ ! glory ( ,islam1 ?anks to ! sword ( ! *ampion ( ! ,fai?1 & :o1 9 8 ,holy ,book1 has promis$ aid & victory to ! believ]4 8#8,allah scatt]s 8 b5efits ov] ! _w4 8#8,if he did n impel m5 to da% arm$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 ! e>? w\ld be lo/4 8#8,allah has ord]$ t ! p be f\ght aga9/ until !y "k !re is b "o ,god4 8#8,! flame ( w> w n be ext+ui%$ until ! end ( ! _w4 8#8,! ,div9e b5$iction w fall ^u ! mane ( ! w>-horse until ! ,day ( ,judgm5t4 8#8,be y arm$ f head to foot1 or only lightly arm$1 rise1 & take y\r dep>ture4 8#8,o1 believ]s6 :at w become ( y if1 :5 y are call$ to battle1 y rema9 ) y\r face turn$ t[>d ! gr\nd8 8#8,d y pref] ! life ( ?is _w to t ( ! future8 8#8,believe me3 ! gates ( p>adise /& 9 ! %ad[ ( ! sword4 8#8,he :o dies 9 battle = ! cause ( ,god1 wa%es ) ! blood he %$s all ! /a9s ( 8 s9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,guadelquivir1 ,,) ,a ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral 7,,mezquita74 ,,! ,,sc5e ,,z ,,x ,,appe>$ ,,9 #aghj4 ,f ,antigedades ,arabes de ,espaa4 ,madrid1 #aghj1 fol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,view ,,( ,,cordova ,,ca!dral 7,,mezquita71 ,,z ,,x ,,appe>$ ,,9 #aghj4 ,f ,antigedades ,arabes de ,espaa4 ,madrid1 #aghj4 fol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 8#8,8 body w n be wa%$ l ! o!r bodies1 because 9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t 8 w\nds w s5d out a fragrance l musk4 8#8,:5 ! w>riors %all pres5t !mselves at ! ,gates ( ,p>adise1 a voice f )9 w ask3 8,:at h y done dur+ y\r life80 8#8,& !y w reply3 8,we h br&i%$ ! sword 9 ! /ruggle = ! cause ( ,god40 8#8,!n ! et]nal ,gates w op51 & ! w>riors w ent] =ty ye>s be=e ! o!rs4 8#8,up1 !n1 ,o believ]s6 ,ab&on wom51 *ildr51 bro!rs1 & worldly possessions1 & g =? to ! holy w>6 8#8,& ?\1 ,o ,god1 ,"l ( ! pres5t & future _w1 fight = ! armies ( ^? :o recognise ?y ,unity6 ,de/roy ! incr$ul\s1 idolat]s1 & enemies ( ?y holy fai?6 ,ov]?r[ _! /&>ds1 & give !m1 ) all !y possess1 z booty to ! ,mussulmans6'0 ,! prea*]1 :5 he has f9i%$ 8 disc\rse1 exclaims1 turn+ t[>ds ! congregation3 8,ask ( ,god60 & prays 9 sil5ce4 ,all ! fai?ful1 t\*+ ! gr\nd ) _! =eheads1 foll[ 8 example4 ,! 8mubaliges0 s+3 8,am56 ,am51 ,o ,"l ( all be+s60 ,l ! int5se heat :i* prec$es ! tempe/1 ! en?usiasm ( ! multitude 7re/ra9$1 up to ?is "t1 9 a m>vell\s sil5ce7 breaks out 9 l\d murmurs1 :i*1 ris+ l ! waves ( ! sea1 & inundat+ ! temple1 f9ally make ! e*o ( a ?\s& unit$ voices res\nd ?r\gh ! naves1 *apels1 & vaults 9 "o s+le %\t3 8,!re is no ,god b ,allah60 ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 0 old :5 he comm5c$ ! build+ ( ! ,mosque1 & exp]i5c$ 9 e description ( ar*itecture4 ,8 passion = build+ 0 z eag] z t ( 8 pr$ecessors ( ! h\se ( ,omeyyad1 :o _h made ,damascus ! envy ( ! _w2 &1 dur+ ! frequ5t p]iods ( peace1 he _h turn$ all 8 ?\ghts to ! adornm5t ( 8 capital by works :i* he _h himself sup]9t5d$4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ und]tak+s 0 to supply ,cordova ) wat] by means ( an aqu$uct1 :i* came f ! di/ant hills1 & ! ve/iges ( :i* are visible to ?is day4 ,! wat] ?us br\ght f ! m\nta9s 0 convey$ to ! palace1 & !nce c>ri$ to e qu>t] ( ! city by means ( conduits1 f :i* x fl[$ into bas9s1 z well z into lakes1 enorm\s tanks1 res]voirs & f\nta9s4 ,! sultan !n plant$ a mo/ delightful g>d51 to :i* he gave ! "n ( ,munyat-,arrissafah1 9 remembrance ( a c\ntry seat ne> ,damascus1 :i* 8 gr&fa!r1 ! ,khalif ,hi%am1 _h built1 & :]e he himself _h sp5t ! e>lie/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,f9d+ ! spot a v *>m+ "o1 he erect$ 9 ! middle ( x a magnific5t palace2 &1 moreov]1 made x 8 resid5ce 9 pref]5ce to ! old palace1 inhabit$ by ! =m] gov]nors ( ,&alus4 ,hav+ an ard5t love ( horticulture1 he commission$ a botani/ to procure = him 9 ! ,ea/ fruits & plants t c\ld be easily naturalis$ 9 ,&alus2 &1 9 ?is mann]1 x is said1 ,abd-er-,rahman introduc$ ! pea*1 & ! p>ticul> k9d ( pomegranate1 call$ 8,saf>i10 into ,spa94 ,x is believ$ t ?is be/ species ( pomegranate obta9$ its "n f hav+ be5 s5t to ,abd-er-,rahman by 8 si/]1 !n resid+ 9 ! ,ea/1 & 0 call$ 8,saf>i10 or 8! ,travell]10 f ?is circum/ance4 ,o!r d]ivations ( ! "n are giv51 all plausible en\gh4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 ! fruit is call$ to ?is day 9 ,spa91 8,granada ,zaf>i10 & is consid]$ ! be/ ( its k9d 9 po9t ( flav\r1 smallness ( se$1 & abundance ( juice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,ar* ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,gates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,lattice4 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii4 c>ri$ on ! "w ( beautify+ ,cordova ) g>d5s1 palaces1 & bridges1 b x 0 ! ?ird sov]eign ( 8 "n1 ! ,great ,khalif1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 :o re/or$ ! ,moslem supremacy 9 ,spa91 & won = himself ! title ( ,en-,nasir li-d9i-llah 78,! ,def5d] ( ! ,fai? ( ,god071 :o plac$ ! cr[n on ,cordova's beauty & spl5d\r4 ,byzantium1 p]haps1 comp>$ ) x 9 ! lovel9ess ( h] build+s1 & ! luxury & ref9em5t ( h] life1 b no o!r city ( ,europe c\ld approa* ! 8,bride ( ,&alusia40 8,to h]10 sang ! old ,arab writ]1 8belong all ! beauty & ! ornam5t t delight ! eye & dazzle ! sight4 ,h] long l9e ( ,sultans =m h] cr[n ( glory2 h] necklace is /rung ) ! pe>ls :i* h] poets h ga!r$ f ! ocean ( language2 h] dress is ( ! canvas ( le>n+ well knit toge!r by h] m5 ( sci5ce2 & ! ma/]s ( e art & indu/ry are ! hem ( h] g>m5ts40 8,! inhabitants ( ,cordova10 says ,ahm$-,el-,makk>i1 ! great ,arab hi/orian1 8are fam\s = _! c\rte\s & poli%$ mann]s1 _! sup]ior intellig5ce1 _! exquisite ta/e & magnific5ce 9 _! meals1 dress1 & horses4 ,!re ?\ w\ld/ see doctors1 %9+ ) all sorts ( le>n+2 lords1 di/+ui%$ by _! virtue & g5]osity2 w>riors1 r5[n$ = _! exp$itions into ! c\ntry ( ! infidels2 & (fic]s1 exp]i5c$ 9 all k9ds ( w>f>e4 ,to ,cordova came f all p>ts ( ! _w /ud5ts eag] to cultivate poetry1 to /udy ! sci5ces1 or to be in/ruct$ 9 div9ity or law2 s t x became ! meet+-place ( ! em95t 9 all matt]s1 ! abode ( ! le>n$1 & ! place ( resort = ! /udi\s2 its int]ior 0 always fill$ ) ! em95t & ! noble ( all c\ntries1 its lit]>y m5 & soldi]s 7 cont9ually vy+ ) ea* o!r to ga9 r5[n1 & its prec9cts nev] ceas$ to be ! ar5a ( ! di/+ui%$1 ! retreat ( s*ol>s1 ! halt+ place ( ! noble1 & ! repository ( ! true & virtu\s4 ,cordova 0 to ,&alus :at ! head is to ! body1 or :at ! brea/ is to ! lion40 ,to-day !re is no?+ left 9 ,cordova b ! mosque1 ! bridge1 & ! ru9s ( ! alcaz> to m>k ! spot :]e1 9 ! "t ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 a city1 t5 miles 9 l5g?1 l9$ ! banks ( ! ,guadelquivir ) mosques & g>d5s & m>ble palaces4 ,! royal palaces ( ! ,great ,khalif includ$ ! ,palace ( ,lov]s1 ! ,palace ( ,fl[]s1 ! ,palace ( ,cont5tm5t1 ! ,palace ( ! ,diadem1 & ! palace :i* ! ,sultan nam$ ,damascus1 ( :i* ! ,moori% poet sang1 8,all palaces 9 ! _w are no?+ comp>$ to ,damascus1 = n only has x g>d5s ) ! mo/ delici\s fruits & sweet-smell+ fl[]s1 beautiful prospects1 & limpid runn+ wat]s1 cl\ds pregnant ) aromatic dew1 & l(ty build+s2 b its night is always p]fum$1 = morn+ p\rs on x h] gray amb]1 & night h] black musk40 ,! city conta9$ ov] fifty ?\s& palaces ( ! nobles1 & twice t numb] ( h\ses ( ! common p1 :ile sev5 hundr$ mosques & n9e hundr$ public ba?s _h close companion%ip among a community :o made cleanl9ess co-ord9ate ) godl9ess4 ,b p]haps ! greate/ monum5t ( ,moori% ar*itecture t 0 ev] creat$ 9 ,spa91 ! mo/ wond]ful city & palace t has ev] be5 con/ruct$1 is to-day a "n & a memory ( :i* n a trace is 9 exi/5ce4 ,t m>vell\s suburb ( ,cordova1 call$ ,ez-,zahra1 8! ,faire/10 :i* 0 built at ! sugge/ion ( ! fav\rite mi/ress ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 & 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,ornam5tal ,,ar*$ ,,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,! ,,mosque--,,capitals ,,( ,,! ,,entrance ,,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,frieze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,key/one ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,cornice4 =ty ye>s 9 ! mak+1 has be5 entirely oblit]at$4 ,at ! foot ( ! 8,hill ( ! ,bridge10 at a di/ance ( ?ree miles f ,cordova1 ! f\ndation ( ! city 0 laid 9 ,a4,d4 #icf4 ,a ?ird ( ! royal income 0 exp5d$ e ye> 9 ! prosecution ( ! "w4 ,t5 ?\s& lab\r]s & ?ree ?\s& bea/s ( burd5 7 employ$ cont9ually1 & six ?\s& blocks ( /one 7 cut & poli%$ ea* day = build+ purposes4 ,_m ( its f\r ?\s& columns came f ,rome1 ,con/ant9ople1 & ,c>?age2 its fifte5 ?\s& doors 7 coat$ ) iron & poli%$ brass2 ! walls & ro( 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,khalif 7 con/ruct$ ( m>ble & gold4 ,a m>ble /atue ( ,ez-,zahra1 8! ,faire/10 0 erect$ ov] ! pr9cipal gateway4 ,arabian *ronicl]s h exhau/$ _! eloqu5ce 9 attempt+ to d ju/ice to ! wond]s ( ,m$9at-,ez-,zahra1 & ! result is s monoton\s a surfeit ( sup]latives t ev5 ! beauty t inspir$ !m c sc>cely reconcile u to ! repetition4 ,b ! hi/orians occasionally drop into prose 9 rec\nt+ ! m>vels ( ! palace1 & !n we le>n t 8! numb] ( male s]vants employ$ by ! khalif has be5 e/imat$ at ?irte5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & fifty1 to :om ! daily all[ance ( fle% meat1 exclusive ( f[ls & fi%1 0 ?irte5 ?\s& p\nds2 ! numb] ( wom5 ( v>i\s k9ds & classes1 compris+ ! h>em ( ! sultan or wait+ ^u !m1 is said to h am\nt$ to six ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & f\rte54 ,! ,slav pages & eunu*s 7 ?ree ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifty1 to :om ?irte5 ?\s& p\nds ( fle% meat 7 di/ribut$ daily1 "s receiv+ t5 p\nds ea*1 & "s less1 accord+ to _! rank & /ation1 exclusive ( f[ls1 p>tridges1 & birds ( o!r sorts1 game1 & fi%4 ,! daily all[ance ( bread = ! fi% 9 ! pond ( ,ez-,zahra 0 twelve ?\s& loaves1 besides six measures ( black pulse1 :i* 7 e day mac]at$ 9 ! wat]s40 ,x is small wond] t travell]s f di/ant l&s1 m5 ( all ranks & pr(essions 9 life1 foll[+ v>i\s religions--pr9ces1 ambassadors1 m]*ants1 pilgrims1 !ologians1 & poets--all agre$ t !y _h nev] se5 9 ! c\rse ( _! travels any?+ t c\ld be comp>$ to x4 8,inde$10 writes "o ,moori% *ronicl]1 8_h ?is palace possess$ no?+ m ?an ! t]race ( poli%$ m>ble ov]hang+ ! mat*less g>d5s1 ) ! gold5 hall & ! circul> pavilion1 & ! works ( art ( e sort & description--_h x no?+ else to boa/ ( b ! ma/]ly workman%ip ( ! /ructure1 ! boldness ( ! design1 ! beauty ( ! proportions1 ! elegance ( ! ornam5ts1 hang+s1 & decorations1 :e!r ( %9+ m>ble or glitt]+ gold1 ! columns t seem$ f _! symmetry & smoo?ness z if !y _h be5 turn$ by la!s1 ! pa9t+s t resembl$ ! *oice/ l&scapes1 ! artificial lake s solidly con/ruct$1 ! ci/]n p]petually fill$ ) cle> & limpid wat]1 & ! amaz+ f\nta9s1 ) figures ( liv+ be+s--no imag9ation1 h[ev] f]tile1 c\ld h =m$ an idea ( x40 ,s at lea/ x /ruck ! ,moori% au?or1 & ! sight inspir$ him to ejaculate3 8,praise be to ,god ,mo/ ,high = all[+ ,8 humble creatures to design & build su* en*ant+ palaces z ?is1 & :o p]mitt$ !m to inhabit !m z a sort ( recomp5se 9 ?is _w2 & 9 ord] t ! fai?ful might be enc\rag$ to foll[ ! pa? ( virtue1 by ! reflection t1 delightful z 7 ^! pleasures1 !y 7 /ill f> bel[ ^? res]v$ = ! true believ] 9 ! cele/ial ,p>adise60 ,! effect ( all ?is mass$ spl5d\r ^u ! m9d1 ,illu/ration3 ,,cordova ,,capital ,,( ,,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/ ,,fa,,ade1 ,,)\t ,,! ,,portico4 ev5 ( ^? ^: position & duties made famili> ) ! treasures ( ,abd-er-,rahman's palaces1 is illu/rat$ by "o ( ! ambassadors ( ! ,greek ,emp]or4 ,! khalif receiv$ ,con/ant9e's emiss>ies 9 ! great hall ( ! palace ( ,ez-,zahra1 :i* 0 specially arrang$ = ! occasion4 ,! ri*e/ c>pets & rugs1 & ! mo/ gorge\s silk awn+s1 cov]$ ! floor1 & veil$ ! doors & ar*es1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! ap>tm5t 0 set up ! royal ?rone1 ov]laid ) gold1 & glitt]+ ) preci\s /ones4 ,on ! "r & left ( ! ?rone /ood ! khalif's sons1 beside !m 7 ! vizi]s1 & beh9d !m1 9 ! ord] ( _! rank1 7 rang$ ! *amb]la9s1 ! nobles1 & (fic]s ( ! h\sehold4 ,! ambassadors 7 aw$ & amaz$ by ! magnific5ce ( ! sc5e1 & ! orator1 *>g$ ) ! (fice ( deliv]+ ! spee* ( welcome1 0 lit]ally /ruck dumb by ! spl5d\r ( ! spectacle4 ,) wide1 />+ eyes & spee*less lips he /ood spellb\nd1 caught 9 a maze ( wond]4 ,?is man1 :o _h gr[n accu/om$ to sup]b beauty1 :o _h se5 spl5d\r pil$ ^u spl5d\r "u ! direct+ h& ( 8 ma/]1 0 p>alys$ by ! effect x produc$4 ,8 bra9 reel$1 &1 )\t utt]+ a ^w1 he fell s5seless to ! gr\nd4 ,a second orator took ! emboss$ scroll1 & fac$ ! augu/ assemblage1 b ! wit*]y ( ! sc5e hypnotis$ 8 s5ses1 & he1 too1 hesitat$1 falt]$1 & broke d[n4 ,! m]e outw>d & visible aspect ( ?is 8brighte/ spl5d\r ( ! _w10 z ! nun ,hros)a describ$ x1 fir$ ! imag9ation ( man1 & depriv$ ! practis$ orators ( spee*4 ,b ! m9d ( ,cordova at ?is p]iod ( its hi/ory 0 z beautiful z its frame4 ,x 0 ! f\nta9-head ( le>n+1 ! well-spr+ ( art1 ! sci5tific c5tre ( ,europe4 ,lit]ature became ! /udy ( e class1 poetry 0 ! common language ( ! p4 ,! pott]s1 ! silk weav]s1 ! glass bl[]s1 ! jewell]s1 swordmak]s1 & brass work]s ( ,cordova 7 r5[n$ ?r\gh\t ,europe--9 all t app]ta9$ to art %e 0 ackn[l$g$ to /& pre-em95t4 ,! greate/ doctors1 ! mo/ skill$ surgeons1 _h _! homes 9 ,cordova2 & a/ronom]s1 geograph]s1 *emi/s1 philosoph]s1 & sci5ti/s ( e k9d resort$ ?i!r to /udy & prosecute _! rese>*es4 ,"u ,hakam ,,ii41 ! ,royal libr>y at ,cordova became ! l>ge/ & mo/ celebrat$ collection ( books 9 ! _w2 & "u ,almanzor1 ! p[]ful m9i/] :o rul$ ,spa9 = ! ,khalif ,hi%am1 ! beauty ( ! ,imp]ial city 0 jeal\sly ma9ta9$4 ,b ! end ( ! ,omeyyad dyna/y 0 ev5 !n 9 sight1 ! sun ( ,cordova's glory 0 already comm5c+ to set4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,almanzor 8,sultan aft] ,sultan ) 8 pomp ,abode 8 de/9'd h\r & w5t 8 way10 ! puppet khalifs 7 en?ron$ & depos$ at ! w ( successive prevail+ factions4 ,an>*y _h brok5 out aga91 ! mob 0 ,sultan1 & ! "w ( pillage & plund] 0 begun4 ,! ov]?r[ ( ! ,almanzor ord] 0 foll[$ by ! wreck+ ( ! ,almanzor palace1 :i* 0 ransack$ & burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,= f\r days ! "w ( riot1 robb]y1 & massacre w5t on un*eck$4 ,palace aft] palace 0 r$uc$ to ru9s1 g>d5s 7 deva/at$1 ! public squ>es ran ) blood4 ,! brutal1 savage ,b]b]s captur$ ! beautiful city ( ,ez-,zahra 7,a4,d4 #ajaj7 by trea*]y1 & put its g>risons to ! sword1 :ile ! fly+ inhabitants 7 *as$ into ! sacr$ prec9cts ( ! mosque & but*]$ )\t m]cy4 ,ez-,zahra1 8! city ( ! faire/10 0 pillag$2 its palaces & mosques 7 ?r[n d[n1 & ! walls 7 giv5 to ! flames4 ,to-day its site alone rema9s1 & its glories exi/ only 9 "n4 ,,seville ,! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,seville is buri$1 ) ! date ( its f\ndation1 9 oblivion4 ,x has its place 9 my?ology z ! creation ( ,h]cules2 its orig9 be+ m reasonably cr$it$ to ! ,phnicians1 :o colonis$ ! m9]al-yield+ region ( ,&alusia1 :i* is wat]$ by ! ,guadalquivir1 & call$ x ,t>tessii4 ,/rabo /ates t !y built ! t[n ( ,t>tessus2 & "s au?orities fav\r ! conclusion t ,seville /&s on ! site ( t ,phnician /ronghold4 ,9 #bcg ,b4,c4 ,hamilc> ,b>ca conqu]$ ,&alusia1 & 8 son-9-law f\nd$ ,c>?ag5a1 :i* 0 seiz$ by ,publius ,cornelius ,scipio1 or ,scipio ,africanus1 dur+ ! second ,punic ,w>4 ,scipio f\nd$ ,italica1 :i* 0 to s]ve z a sanatorium = 8 invalid$ soldi]s1 & = a:ile its importance eclips$ t ( ! neighb\r+ city ( ,seville4 ,hon\r$ by ! gifts ( ?ree ,roman emp]ors born )9 its walls1 & adorn$ ) ! spl5did edifices rais$ by ,trajan1 ,adrian1 & ,!odosius1 ,italica 0 advanc$ to ! fir/ rank among ! ,roman cities ( ! ,p59sula4 ,julius ,cs> re/or$ ! balance ( p[] to ,seville 9 #de ,b4,c41 :5 he made x 8 capital1 & *ang$ its "n to ,julia ,romula4 ,! city 0 =tifi$ & protect$ by walls1 :i* h be5 v>i\sly describ$ z f five to t5 miles 9 l5g?4 ,to-day ! rema9s ( ! great aqu$uct1 ! two high granite columns 9 ! ,alam$a de ,h]cules1 & ! beautiful fragm5ts ( capitals & /atues 9 ! ,museo ,arqlogico1 are ! only exi/+ relics ( ! ,roman sway 9 ,seville1 :ile on ! opposite bank ( ! ,guadalquivir a ru9$1 grass-gr[n amphi!atre is all t is left ( ! once mighty t[n ( ,italica4 ,9 #ehd ,leovigild repair$ ! walls ( ,italica :5 he 0 beseig+ ,seville1 & less ?an two c5turies lat] ^? walls 7 greatly injur$ by ! ,moors1 :o fur!r =tifi$ & enl>g$ ,seville ) ! /ones br\ght f ,italica4 ,9 #gaa ,t>ik captur$ ,cordova1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,musa1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,africa1 appe>$ be=e ,seville ) an army ( #ah1jjj w>riors4 ,9 a few weeks ! city _h fall51 & = #ecf ye>s ! 8,pe>l ( ,&alusia0 rema9$ 9 ! possession ( ! ,moors4 ,! conqu]ors ab&on$ ,italica to its fate1 or1 r1 !y us$ ! rema9s ( ! city z a qu>ry1 :ile "s ( ! sculpture ( ! des]t$ capital1 :i* appeal$ to ! ,arabs by its surpass+ beauty1 0 remov$ to ,seville4 ,despite ! injunctions conta9$ 9 ! ,koran1 ! sculptures 7 n de/roy$1 & a /atue ( ,v5us 0 long pres]v$ 9 "o ( ! public ba?s ( ! city4 ,el-,makk>i1 writ+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & quot+ f an e>ly ,moori% manuscript1 records t 8!re 0 once f\nd a m>ble /atue ( a woman ) a boy1 s admirably execut$ t bo? look$ z if !y 7 alive2 su* p]fection human eyes nev] beheld4 ,inde$1 "s ,sevillians 7 s mu* /ruck ) its beauty z to become deeply enam\r$ ( x40 ,an anonym\s poet1 a native ( ,seville1 made a set ( v]ses ab\t x1 :i* h be5 translat$ by ,don ,pascual de ,gayangos z foll[s3 8,look at t m>ble /atue1 beautiful 9 its proportions1 surpass+ ev]y?+ 9 transp>5cy & smoo?ness4 8,%e has ) h] a son1 x is true1 b :o h] husb& 0 ,i _c tell1 nei!r 0 %e ev] 9 lab\r4 8,?\ kn[e/ h] to be b a /one1 b yet ?\ can/ n look at h]1 = !re is 9 h] eyes some?+ t fasc9ates & conf\nds ! behold]40 ,x has be5 said t ! ,sevillians pret5d to reg>d ,h]cules z ! build] ( ! city1 & ! ,pu]ta de la ,c>ne is inscrib$ ) ! foll[+ di/i*3 8,condidit ,alcides--r5ovavit ,julius urbem1 ,re/ituit ,*ri/o ,f]n&us t]tius h]os40 ,?is has be5 p>aphras$ 9 an inscription ov] ! ,pu]ta de ,x]ex3 8,h]cules me edific ,julio ,ces> me c]c ,de muros y torres altas2 ,un ,rey godo me p]di1 ,el ,rey ,santo me gan1 ,con ,g>ci ,p]ez de ,v>gas40 ,h]cules built me2 ,julius ,cs> encircl$ me ) walls & l(ty t[]s2 a ,go?ic k+ 7,rod]ick7 lo/ me2 a sa9t-l k+ 7,/4 ,f]d9&71 assi/$ by ,g>ci ,p]ez de ,v>gas1 rega9$ me4 ,! inscription might well h includ$ ! "n ( ! bro!r ( ,g>ci ,p]ez1 ,diego de ,v>gas1 surnam$ 8,el ,ma*uca10 or 8! ,p\nd]10 :o p]=m$ prodigies ( val\r at ! break+ ( ! ,moori% bridge ( boats across ! ,guadalquivir1 :5 ! de/ruction ( t gallantly-def5d$ means ( access to ! city l$ to ! capture ( ,seville by ! ,*ri/ians 9 #abdh4 ,^! two bro!rs are ! h]oes ( ,spani% ballads1 & 7 greatly di/+ui%$ by ,/4 ,f]d9&2 ! grateful mon>* freely ackn[l$g+ _! pr[ess by ! be/[al ( h\ses & l&s wre/$ f ! ,moors4 ,a curi\s 8,rep>timi5to10 or ,domesday ,book ( ,seville1 is /ill extant1 & _m families c trace _! actual possessions back to ?is orig9al p>tition4 ,musa appo9t$ 8 son1 ,abdelasis1 a brave soldi] & a humane rul]1 to be gov]nor ( ,seville4 ,t he 0 a successful g5]al1 t he m>ri$ ,egilona1 ! wid[ ( ! un=tunate ,k+ ,rod]ick1 & 0 murd]$ by ! ord] ( ,suleyman1 bro!r & heir ( ! ,khalif ( ,damascus1 is all t hi/ory records ( him4 ,a malignant rum\r1 t he 0 s*em+ to make himself sole rul] ( ! ,b]b] dom9ion 9 ,spa91 rea*$ ,damascus4 ,suleyman imm$iately s5t emiss>ies to ,seville ) secret in/ructions t ,abdelasis %\ld be put to dea?1 add+ z an inc5tive to swift compliance ) 8 ord]1 t :oev] among !m execut$ ! de$1 %\ld be appo9t$ 8 successor z ,amir ( ,seville4 ,! delegates 7 arm$ ) fri5dly lett]s to ,abdelasis1 :o receiv$ !m cordially1 & ent]ta9$ !m 9 accordance ) 8 exalt$ position z an amir "u ! khalif4 ,x appe>s1 accord+ to ! tradition1 t ! s*eme 0 reveal$ to ',abdullah ,ibn1 8:o 0 ! mo/ em95t & mo/ conspicu\s (fic] 9 ! army40 ',abdullah1 h[ev]1 w\ld h no h& 9 ! project$ assass9ation1 b1 on ! contr>y1 endeav\r$ to dissuade ! conspirators f _! purpose1 say+ to !m3 8,y "k ! h& ( ,musa has conf]r$ b5efits on e "o ( y3 if ! ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful has be5 in=m$ z y repres5t1 he has be5 told a lie4 ,abdelasis has nev] rais$ 8 h& 9 disob$i5ce to 8 ma/]1 nor dreamt ( revolt+ aga9/ him40 ,suleyman's emiss>ies1 h[ev]1 disreg>d$ 8 words1 & decid$ on ! murd]4 ,"o morn !y /ood among ! re/ at ! gates ( ! palace1 wait+ till ! gov]nor %\ld g to ! mosque1 &1 :5 he appe>$1 foll[$ him to pray]4 ,sc>cely _h he ent]$ ! 8kiblah10 & begun to read ! ,koran1 ?an "o ( ! conspirators ru%$ ^u ! gov]nor & /abb$ him4 ,abdelasis1 leav+ ! 8kiblah10 took refuge 9 ! body ( ! mosque1 :i!r he 0 foll[$ & sla94 ,:5 ! news spread ?r\gh ! city1 ! inhabitants ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv ,,seville4 ,frieze 9 ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,mosaic ( ! l>ge ,c\rt1 ,alcaz>4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ucco "w1 ,hall ( ,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,mosaic ( ! l>ge ,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,gates ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,entrance4 7 r\s$ to fury4 ,! assass9s produc$ ! lett]s & comm&s ( ! khalif1 b to no purpose2 ! p refus$ to abide by ! sultan's behe/s1 & *ose ',abdullah to be 8 successor4 ',abdullah 01 h[ev]1 quickly displac$ by ,ayub1 ,suleyman's nom9ee1 & ! conspirators !n dep>t$ to make _! report at ,damascus1 c>ry+ ) !m ! head ( ! un=tunate ,abdelasis4 ,! au?or ( ! tradition1 ,mohamm$ ,ibn1 says t :5 ^! emiss>ies arriv$ at ,damascus & produc$ ! head ( ,abdelasis be=e ,suleyman1 he s5t imm$iately = ,musa4 ,^u 8 appe>ance1 ,suleyman1 po9t+ to ! head1 said3 8,do/ ?\ "k ^: head t is80 8,yes10 answ]$ ,musa1 8x is ! head ( my son ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful1 ! head ( ,abdelasis 7may ,allah %[ him m]cy7 is be=e !e1 b by ! life ( ,allah !re 0 nev] a ,moslem :o less des]v$ su* unju/ treatm5t2 = he pass$ 8 days 9 fa/+1 & 8 nights 9 pray]2 no man ev] p]=m$ great] de$s to s]ve ! cause ( ! ,almighty1 or ,8 mess5g] ,mohamm$2 no man 0 m firm 9 8 ob$i5ce to !e4 ,none ( ?y pr$ecessors w\ld h s]v$ him ?us4 ,?\ ev5 w\lde/ nev] h done :at ?\ ha/ to him1 _h !re be5 ju/ice 9 !e40 ,suleyman retort$1 8,?\ lie/1 ,o ,musa1 ?y son 0 n z ?\ ha/ repres5t$ him2 he 0 impi\s & =getful ( our religion1 he 0 ! p]secutor ( ! ,moslems1 & ! sworn enemy ( 8 sov]eign1 ! ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful4 ,su* 0 ?y son1 ,o dot+1 fooli%1 fond old man60 ,musa repli$1 8,by ,allah6 ,i am no dot>d1 nor w\ld ,i deviate f tru?1 w]t ?\ to answ] my words ) ! bl[s ( dea?4 ,i speak z ! hone/ slave %\ld speak to 8 ma/]1 b ,i place my confid5ce 9 ,god1 ^: help ,i implore4 ,grant me 8 head1 ,o ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful1 t ,i may close 8 eyes40 ,& ,suleyman said3 8,?\ maye/ take x40 ,z ,musa 0 leav+ ! ,hall ( ,audi5ce "o :o 0 pres5t wi%$ to int]f]e ) him1 b ,suleyman said3 8,let ,musa alone1 he has be5 sorely puni%$20 & add$3 8,! old man's _s is /ill unbrok540 ,b ! old man1 ^: "n _h once /ood = ! symbol ( conque/1 ^: initiative _h won ,spa9 = ! ,moor1 _h receiv$ 8 dea? s5t5ce4 ,grief1 :i* c\ld n b5d 8 _s1 seiz$ ^u 8 frame4 ,! old man fell sick ( grief & %ame1 & 9 a little :ile he 0 dead4 ,suleyman's trea*]y _h its fir/ result 9 ! removal ( ! seat ( ,moori% rule 9 ,spa9 to ,cordova4 ,ayub1 ! successor ( ,abdelasis1 recognis+ ! insecurity ( 8 t5ure 9 ,seville1 =sook 8! ,pe>l ( ,&alusia0 ) all spe$1 & :5 9 #ggg1 ,abd-er-,rahman proclaim$ himself sole rul] ( ,spa91 x 0 f 8 palace at ,cordova t ! fiat 0 s5t =? to ! _w4 ,seville1 ! fir/ & ! natural capital ( ! ,s\?1 dropp$ into second place among ! cities ( ! ,p59sula1 & x 0 n until #ajgh t x re-e/abli%$ its claim z ! ,moori% metropolis4 ,= ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s ! ,moslems 7 fai?ful to ! sov]eignty ( ,cordova2 & al?\gh ,seville came1 by reason ( its beautiful palaces1 g>d5s1 & ba?s1 to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! faire/ cities ( e>?2 ! alcaz> & ! lordly mosque1 :i* n[ be> evid5ce ( its =m] gr&eur1 are ( a lat] ,moori% p]iod4 ,& ,seville grew 9 beauty "u1 & 9 spite (1 ! de/ructive influ5ce ( /rife & conflict4 ,:ile ,abd-er-,rahman 0 cultivat+ ! graces ( ,cordova1 ,seville 0 be+ desolat$ by _m assaults4 ,yusuf1 &1 aft] 8 dea?1 8 ?ree sons1 made attacks ^u ,seville1 & ,hixem b5 ,adri el ,fehri1 :o _h /irr$ ! ,tol$ans to insurrection1 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville4 ,,alcaz>4 ,hall ( ,ambassadors4 ,details4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,*ief ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,alcaz>1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built ,,"u ,,don ,,p$ro ,i4 ,,! ,,cruel1 #acfi-acgi4 subsequ5tly defeat$ at ! gates ( ,seville by ! ,gov]nor1 ,abdelmelic4 ,at a lat] date1 ,cassim1 ! son ( ,abdelmelic1 fl$ ) 8 army be=e ! advance ( ! ,wali ( ,mequ9ez1 & 0 /abb$ to dea? by 8 fa!r = c[>dice4 ,abdelmelic1 :o ?rew himself ^u ! invad]s1 0 ov]come & w\nd$ 9 a night battle on ! banks ( ! ,guadalquivir2 b1 despite 8 hurt & 8 defeat1 he ralli$ 8 soldi]s1 & drove ! hi!rto victori\s ,wali ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,seville1 & out aga9 into ! op5 c\ntry1 :]e he 0 captur$ & kill$4 ,"u ! %ifty & opportuni/ rule ( ,abdallah1 :o _h caus$ 8 bro!r ,mundhir to be murd]$ to make 8 way to ! ?rone ( ,cordova 9 #hhh1 ,&alusia 0 split up into a numb] ( indep5d5t pr9cipalities4 ,! turbul5t ,ibn-,hafsun _h made himself virtual ,k+ ( ,granada1 ! gov]nors ( ,lorca & ,z>agoza r5d]$ b nom9al homage to ! khalif1 ! walls ( ,tol$o rattl$ ) ! cra% ( cont5d+ revolution>y factions1 & 9 ,seville ,ibrahim ,ibn-,hajjaj treat$ ) ! ,k+ ( ,cordova on equal t]ms4 ,9 ! "t ( ,ibn-,hajjaj ,seville 0 ! mo/ ord]ly & be/-gov]n$ city 9 ! ,p59sula4 ,! poets ( ,cordova1 ! s+]s ( ,baghdad1 & ! lawy]s ( ,m$9a 7 attract$ to ! c\rt ( ,ibn-,hajjaj1 ( :om x 0 sung1 8,9 all ! ,we/ ,i f9d no "r noble man save ,ibrahim1 b he is nobility itself4 ,:5 "o has kn[n ! delight ( liv+ ) him1 to dwell 9 any o!r l& w\ld be a mis]y40 ,yet 9 #iab-ac1 ,ibrahim ,ibn-,hajjaj1 :o kept 8 /ate l an ,emp]or1 op5$ ! gates ( ,seville to ! ma/]ful & gallant ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 & ! city became once m subject to ! self-proclaim$ ,khalif ( ,cordova4 ,x 0 ,abd-er-,rahman :o plant$ ,seville ) palm trees1 beautifi$ h] g>d5s1 increas$ ! numb] ( h] palaces1 & made ! ,guadalquivir navigable by n>r[+ ! riv]'s *annel4 ,ibrahim 8! ,magnific5t0 receiv$ ! ,great ,khalif ) ! homage :i* a feudal "l (f]s to 8 k+1 & ! indep5d5ce ( ,seville 0 at an end4 ,b ,seville at ?is p]iod 0 ! rival ( ,cordova 9 intellectual em95ce1 & mu* ( ! ,moori% ?\ght & rese>* :i* 0 de/9$ to influ5ce ,spa9 9 future ages 0 pond]$1 & practis$1 & publi%$ f ! =m] city4 ,abu ,om> ,ahm$ ,b5 ,abdallah1 call$ 8,el ,begi10 8! ,sage10 & unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t1 0 a native ( ,seville1 & "h he wrote 8 encyclopdia ( ! sci5ces4 ,x 0 said t !re 0 no man :o c\ld surpass him 9 k ( arts & sci5ces1 & 8ev5 9 8 e>lie/ y\?10 says ,cond1 8! cadi v frequ5tly consult$ him 9 affairs ( ! highe/ importance40 ,*emi/s1 philosoph]s1 a/ronom]s1 & m5 fam\s 9 e bran* ( sci5ce1 resort$ to 8! ,pe>l ( ,&alusia20 :ile art 0 fo/]$ 9 silk & lea!r manufactures1 & ! joy ( life f\nd expression 9 music1 poetry1 & ! dance4 ,! victori\s exp$itions ( ,alfonso ,,vi4 f\nd ! ,moors demoralis$ f ! massacres ( ,cordova & ,ez-,zahra1 & ! :ole ( ,&alusia 9 a /ate ( f]m5t1 an>*y1 & milit>y unprep>$ness4 ,9 e t[n ( importance 9 ! ,s\? a new indep5d5t dyna/y sprang into exi/5ce1 & ! ,abbadites ex]cis$ k+ly sway ov] ! s-call$ republic ( ,seville4 ,"s ( ^! usurp]s & pret5d]s1 z ,mr4 ,lane-,poole has po9t$ out1 7 good rul]s2 mo/ ( !m 7 sangu9>y tyrants1 b 7curi\sly7 n ! less poli%$ g5tlem51 :o delight$ to d hon\r to le>n+ & lett]s1 & made _! c\rts ! homes ( poets & musicians4 ,mo'temid ( ,seville1 = in/ance1 0 a patron ( ! arts1 & a pr9ce ( _m ,illu/ration3 ,,seville4 ,details 9 ,hall ( ,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,pr9cipal ,,fa,,ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,int]ior ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,alcaz>4 atta9m5ts1 yet he kept a g>d5 ( heads cut (f 8 enemies' %\ld]s1 :i* he reg>d$ ) great pride & delight4 ,yet ,seville 0 secure & peaceful "u ^! b>b>\s rul]s until ! m5ace ( ,alfonso's inroads made ,mo'temid sil5ce ! fe>s ( 8 c\rt ) ! reflection1 8,bett] be a camel-driv] 9 ,african des]ts ?an a sw9e-h]d 9 ,ca/ile40 ,s !y fl$ f ! dang] ( ! ,ca/ilians to ! succ\r t ,africa 0 wait+ to s5d !m4 ,a conf]5ce ( ,moori% rul]s 0 held 9 ,seville1 & a message implor+ assi/ance 0 despat*$ to ,yusuf1 ! ,almoravide k+4 ,yusuf defeat$ ! army ( ,alfonso ne> ,badajoz 9 #ajhf4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ! ,k+ ( ,seville aga9 bes\ght ! help ( ,yusuf aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,nor?4 ,?is "t he came ) a =ce ( tw5ty ?\s& m5 at 8 back1 & be=e ! end ( #ajia ! lead] ( ! ,almoravides _h captur$ ,seville & e/abli%$ a dyna/y :i* 0 to la/ until its ov]?r[ by ! ,almohades 9 #aadg4 ,! ,almoravide rule1 :i* 0 di/+ui%$ 9 ! beg9n+ by piety & a love ( hone/ w>f>e1 end$ 9 tyranny & corruption1 & ! ,almoravides gave place to a race m pi\s & fanatical ?an ! demoralis$ foll[]s ( ,yusuf _h ev] be54 ,= a hundr$ & "o ye>s ! ,almohades rema9$ ma/]s ( ,seville4 ,! monum5ts ( _! devotion & arti/ic g5ius are extant 9 ! mosque & ! alcaz>1 & we "k t "u ,abu ,yakub ,yusuf a new era ( comm]cial prosp]ity set 9 = ,seville1 & a new light arose to illum9e ! fa/ deep5+ %ad[s :i* fell ov] ! vani%+ glory ( ,cordova4 ,! ?und] ( ! bl[s :i* _h r$uc$ 8! ,city ( ! ,faire/0 to a heap ( ru9s /ill e*o$ 9 ! air1 & mix$ ) ! noise ( ! build]s & artific]s :o 7 re-m\ld+ ,seville 8ne>] to ! he>t's desire40 ,! rema9s ( ,moori% ar*itecture :i* we f9d 9 ,cordova1 9 ,seville1 & 9 ,granada1 enable u to realise t ! civilisation & art ( ! ,spani% ,moslems 7 progressive1 & t ea* /age develop$ its v>i$ & s+ul> *>act]i/ics4 8,! monum5ts ( ,seville10 says ,contr]as 9 8 ,monum5ts ,arabes1 8produce q a peculi> effect on ! m9d1 a sublime rem9isc5ce ( anci5t & pr(\nd social trans=mations1 :i* only ! in>ti/ic aspect ( bad re/orations c dissipate--a v&alism inspir$ by ! desire to see ! build+ %9+ ) col\r & gold1 & :i* impell$ p to re/ore x )\t pay+ ! smalle/ he$ to ! mo/ elem5t>y pr9ciples ( ar*ology4 ,! alcaz> ( ,seville is n a classic "w2 we d n f9d 9 x ! /amp ( orig9ality1 & ! ineffaceable "* t "o admires 9 anci5t works l ! ,p>!non1 & 9 m mod]n ones l ! ,escurial2 ! fir/ on acc\nt ( _! spl5did simplicity1 & ! latt] = _! great size & taciturn gr&eur4 ,9 ! alcaz> ( ,yakub ,yusuf1 ! pre/ige ( a h]oic g5]ation has disappe>$1 & ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ian k+s1 :o h liv$ !re & enri*$ x ) a ?\s& pages ( our glori\s hi/ory1 is p]fectly repres5t$ !re4 ,! ,almohades :o left ! pure/ ,african s\v5irs !re1 & ,jalubi :o foll[$ ,almehdi to ! conque/ ( ,africa1 left on ! walls ,roman rema9s1 tak5 f ! vanqui%$ p4 ,/4 ,f]d9&1 :o conqu]$ x2 ,don ,p$ro ,i41 :o re-built x2 ,don ,juan ,,ii41 :o re/or$ ! mo/ beautiful halls2 ! ,ca?olic mon>*s1 :o built *apels & oratories )9 its prec9cts2 ,*>les ,v41 :o add$ m ?an half1 ) ! mod]at$ /yle ( ?is epo* ( sublime r5aissance2 ,philip ,,iii41 & ,philip ,v41 :o fur!r increas$ x by erect+ edifices 9 ! surr\nd+ g>d5s2 all ^!1 & _m o!r pr9ces & great lords1 :o inhabit$ x ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,arcade ,,9 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior4 = six c5turies1 *ang$ its orig9al con/ruction 9 su* a degree t x no long] resembles1 to-day1 ! orig9al ,ori5tal monum5t1 al?\gh we h cov]$ x ) arabesques1 & embelli%$ x ) mosaics & gild+40 ,all t succe$+ g5]ations h con/ruct$ 9 ! alcaz> has contribut$ to deprive x ( its ,mohamm$an "*4 ,trans=m$ into a lordly mansion ( m mod]n epo*s1 "o no long] sees !re ! voluptu\s saloons ( ! h>em1 nor ! sil5t spaces res]v$ = pray]1 nor ! ba?s1 nor ! f\nta9s1 nor ! /rong ramp>ts1 support+ ! gall]ies1 :i*1 by circul> pa?s1 communicat$ ) ! ri* sleep+ ap>tm5ts1 situat$ 9 ! squ>e t[]s4 ,x is n t ,arab art is 9 a diff]5t =m "h to t se5 9 o!r p>ts ( ,spa92 b :ile ! ,moors always built palaces 9 close proximity to =tifi$ places1 !y "h comb9$ ! two1 & = t reason !y sacrific$ ! ext]ior decoration to ! works ( =tification & def5ce4 ,on approa*+ ! palace1 "o f9ds m>ks ( gr&eur1 b "o mu/ n look = !m 9 ! /ructure1 b r 9 ! num]\s rep>ations & additions :i* h be5 made !re1 & also 9 ! solid walls1 dom9at+ ! ru9s ( ^? ca/les1 :i* seem to prote/ et]nally aga9/ ! cold indiff]5ce ) :i* s _m g5]ations h pass$ ov] !m4 ,& if1 on ! "o h&1 !re is no d\bt t ?is is ! old wall or ! anci5t t[]1 on ! o!r h&1 ! travell]1 gre$y = impressions left by a pa/ _w1 f9ds no?+ b squ>e enclosures1 g>d5s & rectangul> saloons ( ! mansions ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,"h !re is no?+ s maje/ic z ! ,giralda2 no?+ s ess5tially ,ori5tal z ! mosque ( ,cordova2 no?+ s fanta/ic & s picturesque z ! alcaz> ( ,granada4 ,"o only sees "h ! *ronicle ( an art1 c>ri$ out by a ?\s& arti/s1 obey+ diff]5t beliefs1 & :i* pres5ts r ! appe>ance ( a game play$ by *ildr5 :o _h invad$ ! spot :]e ! mo/ valu$ works ( _! ance/ors 7 pres]v$1 r ?an ! passionate conception ( ! t]rible desc5dants ( ,hag>1 :o 9 fifty ye>s invad$ half ! globe4 ,b "o /ill cat*es some?+ ( ! _s ( an art t 0 almo/ a religion1 z "o l+]s 9 ! quiet g>d5s ( ! alcaz>2 ! deep impress ( ! ,moor w nev] be entirely oblit]at$ f ! c\rts & saloons ( ?is palace ( dreams4 ,z ,mr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,galli*an writes3 8,! night+ales /ill s+ among ! odor\s orange bloom1 & 9 ! tangle ( roses1 birds build _! ne/s4 ,f\nta9s t9kle b5ea? g5tly wav+ palms2 ! sav\r ( ,ori5talism cl+s to ! spot4 ,"h wise m5 discuss$ 9 ! cool ( summ] nights1 :5 ! moon /ood high ov] ! ,giralda1 & :ite beams fell ?r\gh ! spread+ b\ghs ( lemon trees1 & %iv]$ ^u ! til$ pavem5ts4 ,9 ?is g>d5 ! musicians play$1 & ! tawny danc]s wri!d & curv$ _! lissom bodies 9 dramatic ,ea/]n dances40 ,i*abod6 ,! moody pot5tate1 b[$ d[n ) ! c>es ( high (fice1 no long] treads ! dim corridor1 or l+]s 9 ! %ade ( ! palm trees4 ,no s\nd ( gaiety rev]b]ates 9 ! des]t$ c\rts1 no voice ( orator is he>d 9 ! ,hall ( ,ju/ice4 ,! gre5 liz>ds bask on ! des]t$ b5*es ( ! g>d5s4 ,rose petals /rew ! pav$ pa?s4 ,"o's foot/eps e*o 9 ! gorge\s patios1 ^: walls h witness$ _m a sc5e ( pomp1 trag$y1 & pa?os4 ,! spell ( ! pa/ holds "o2 &1 be=e ! imag9ation1 troops a long procession ( illu/ri\s sov]eigns1 c\rti]s1 c\nsellors1 & w>riors4 ,?is wond]ful monum5t1 :i* has mov$ g5]ations ( arti/s & poets to rhapsody & praise1 & inspir$ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville4 ,,alcaz>4 ,details ( ,hall ( ,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #acfi-acgi4 t picturesque ,italian au?or1 ,de ,amicis1 to p ! g>d5s ( ! alcaz> ) ,mo'temid & 8 beautiful fav\rite1 ,itamad1 :o _h be5 dead ne>ly a c5tury be=e ! alcaz> 0 erect$1 fail$ to create any impression 9 ! m9d ( ,mr4 ,john ,lomas1 ^: /rictures ^u ! place 9 8 ,sket*es ( ,spa9 mu/ ev] be a /&+ repro( to ^? :o d>e to see ,ori5tal beauty 9 ?is ,sevillian ca/le4 8,great] f>10 says ,mr4 ,lomas1 8is ! alcaz> 9 reputation ?an 9 intr9sic wor?4 ,l ! ,"m ,*ur*1 x =ms a sort ( sightse]s' goal1 & x %>es equally 9 ! good =tune ( s entirely satisfy+ ! requirem5ts ( sup]ficial obs]v]s1 t x is e/eem$ a k9d ( h]esy to take exception to its noble rank z a typical piece ( ,moori% "w4 ,yet x is j a great h\se1 ( s\!rn & some:at anci5t con/ruction--say ! fifte5? c5tury--) a numb] ( squ>e rooms & c\rts1 arrang$ & decorat$ aft] ,arab models z f> z 0 possible 9 ! case ( a build+ design$ to fulfil ! requirem5ts ( ,we/]n civilisation4 ,no?+ else4 ,( c\rse1 if ! c\rts & t[]s ( ! ,alhambra h n be5 se5--or are n to be compass$--!re w be f\nd "h an inf9ity ( fre% lovel9ess 9 design & col\r+1 toge!r ) a va/ am\nt ( detail :i* w repay /udy4 ,b ev5 !n x mu/ all be look$ ^u z an exce$+ly clev] reproduction ( beautiful & artful =ms1 n z _! be/ possible sett+ =?1 or type4 ,!re are d>k w9d+ passages--evid5tly dictat$ by ! exig5cies ( ! "w--b !y yield none ( ! delicate surprises :i* =m s great a *>m ( ! old ,moori% monum5ts4 ,!re is any am\nt ( ri* decoration & ,moresque detail2 b nev] ! notion ( ! luxury & voluptu\sness ( ,ea/]n life1 or a sugge/ion ( its ?\s&-&-"o adjuncts4 ,!re are1 "h & !re1 indubitable traces ( ! orig9al ,elev5? ,c5tury alcaz> ( ,yakub ,yusuf0 7x 0 n built until ! latt] "p ( ! twelf? c5tury7 8b !re is no?+ ei!r di/9ctive or preci\s ab\t !m1 & ! re/ is a record r ( ,*ri/ian ?an ,arab ways40 ,mr4 ,lomas is p]fectly correct 9 sugge/+ t ! alcaz> ( ,seville is1 9 great measure1 a reproduction ( ! delights ( ! ,alhambra1 a reproduction due1 )\t any d\bt1 to t s*ool ( ar*itecture :i* embelli%$ ! sumptu\s palace ( ,granada = ! k+s ( ! second ,naz>ite dyna/y4 ,9 x we see ! record ( ! +5i\s almizates1 ( its gates & ceil+s1 ( ^? /alactit$ domes1 :i* dazzle & confuse1 ( ^? wall-fac+s encru/$ ) ri* ornam5tation1 ( ^? graceful ,byzant9e & ,moori% geometrical designs1 :i* ev5 to-day are ! despair ( p]spective pa9t]s1 ( ^? en*ant+ saloons :]e ! g5ius ( h>mony seems to re/1 & ( ^? balmy g>d5s :i* invite repose1 m$itation1 & melan*oly4 ,:ile x is g5]ally accept$ t ! city ( ,seville possess$ no alcaz> ( /rik+ importance until ! decl9+ p[] ( ! khalifate ( ,cordova made ,seville ! capital ( an indep5d5t k+dom1 !re is sub/antial reason = believ+ t 9 ! f\ndations ( ! pres5t sup]b edifice !re are unmi/akable relics ( an e>li] "w ( truly ,arab ar*itecture4 ,! ,almohades s ?or\ghly effac$ & di/ort$ ! magnific5ce ( _! pr$ecessors' "w t x w\ld be impossible to po9t ) c]ta9ty to any ( ! orig9al rema9s ( ?is _m-times-re/or$ palace4 ,! ultra-semi-circul> ar*es :i* are se5 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,ambassadors1 ^? graceful ar*es :i* c>ry ! m9d f ,seville to ! graceful arcades ( ! mosque ( ,cordova1 incl9e "o to reg>d ?is ap>tm5t z a relic ( ,abbadite antiquity1 :ile ! ri* columns ) ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,blank ,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,"r ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,s(fit ( ,ar*4 _! gild$ capitals ( ! ,cor9?ian /yle appe>s to conta9 au!ntic pro( ( _! ,arabic-,byzant9e orig94 ,seor ,p$ro de ,madrazo1 :il/ admitt+ ! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! p]iod to :i* ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! alcaz> belong1 disreg>ds ! conclusions ( ,seores ,jos ,amador de los ,rios & 8 son ,rodrigo1 :o resolutely d5i$ ! antiquity ( ^! ultra-semi-circul> ar*es1 & decl>es ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors to be an example ( ,abbadite ar*itecture4 ,he fur!r attributes to ! same epo*1 ! %[y asc5d+ arcade ( ! n>r[ /aircase :i* leads f ! entrance c\rt to ! upp] gall]y1 & rises ne> ! balcony or *oir ( ! *apel1 & ! ?ree beautiful ar*es1 su/a9$ by exquisite capitals1 :i* rema9 z ! sole relic ( ! decoration ( ! ab&on$ ap>tm5t situat$ close to ! 8,pr9ces' ,saloon40 ,9 8 "w on 8,sevilla10 ! same au?ority di/+ui%es betwe5 ! art ( ! ,mudej>e1 or transition artific]s1 & t ( ! ,almohado ,moors4 8,! latt] art10 he obs]ves1 8is less simple1 less select 9 its ornam5tation1 discloses less rational regul>ity1 & is1 g5]ally speak+1 m affect$40 ,^! diff]5ces may be se5 9 a comp>ison betwe5 ! ,moori% ,giralda ( ,seville & ! beautiful creation ( arti/s ( ! ,arab-,&alusian p]iod :i* are to be /udi$ 9 ! ornam5tal p>ts ( ! ,alhambra4 ,! ,almohade ar*itecture displays a base ta/e1 :i* imitates r ?an feels1 & creates =ms by exagg]ations :i* are unsuitable to ! design1 & ?us diff]s 9 /hetic pr9ciples f ! ,mudej>5-,moori% "w ( ! #ac?1 #ad?1 & #ae? c5turies1 :i* reveals an in/9ctive feel+ = ! beautiful 9 ornam5tation1 :i* nev] loses sight ( ! elegant1 ! graceful1 & ! bold1 & consequ5tly nev] falls into ab]ration4 ,! ,almohade p]iod1 9 %ort1 discloses at once ! =ce ( ! b>b>\s _s civilis$ by conque/1 :ile ! latt] (f]s ! endur+ "* ( cultur$ ta/e & wisdom 9 all ! epo*s ( prosp]\s or adv]se =tune2 bo? are ! fai?ful expression ( p ( diff]5t ages1 orig9s1 & aptitudes4 8,x is c]ta910 decl>es ,seor de ,madrazo1 8t ! innovations :i* *>act]ise ,mussulman ar*itecture 9 ,spa9 9 ! #aa? & #ab? c5turies1 _c be expla9$ z a natural mutation f ! ,arab art ( ! khalifate1 or z a prep>ation or transition to ! art ( ,granada1 because !re is v little simil>ity betwe5 ! /yle call$ second>y or ,moori% & ! ,arab-,byzant9e & ,&alusian1 :ile on ! o!r h& x is evid5t t ! ,s>ac5 monum5ts ( ,fez & ,morocco1 ( ! reigns ( ,yusuf b5 ,texp91 ,abdel-b5-,ali1 ,elmansur & ,nass]1 be> ! pr9cipal "* ( ! ornam5tation :i* ! ,almohades made g5]al 9 ,spa940 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ :5 approa*+ ! =bidd+ ext]ior ( ! alcaz>1 t x 0 erect$ to s]ve ! purpose ( a =tress z well z a palace4 ,yusuf is suppos$ to h us$ a ,roman prtorium z ! f\ndation ( 8 ca/le1 & !re are p>ts ( ! wall :i* date back to ,roman times4 ,b ! pr9cipal gateway :i* gives entrance to ! palace is ( ,arab orig91 & x is evid5t t all ! upp] "p1 f ! frieze ) ! ,go?ic inscription1 is purely ,mohamm$an1 accord+ to ! ,p]sic /yle1 v mu* us$ 9 ! entrances to mosques ( ! fir/ p]iod1 9 ,asia4 ,! two pila/]s1 9 _! entire height1 z well z ! sculptur$ fram+ ( ! l[] "p1 are ( ! ,arab /yle2 b ! balconies ) ar*es1 & ,byzant9e columns1 ! ,roman capitals1 ! l9tels ( ! doors & w9d[s ) ,go?ic spr+s1 are indications1 :i* prove ! recon/ruction ( ! "t ( ,don ,p$ro4 ,! lat] re/orations h n completely ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,upp] ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 *ang$ ! primitive =m1 b h only modifi$ x4 ,on ent]+ ! palace "o f9ds o!r works less ,arab ?an ^!1 ! ornam5ts d n =m an integral "p ( ! decoration1 & "o c obs]ve t 9 ord] to place !m x 0 necess>y to remove inscriptions & ,mohamm$an %ields :i* fill$ ! little spaces4 ,b 9 pass+ ?is squ>e entrance1 ^: =m recalls ,egypt1 & :i* began to be us$ :5 ! horse%oe ar* 0 no long] 9 vogue1 we f9d ourselves 9 ! *ief c\rty>d ( ! alcaz>1 :i* makes a slight det\r 9 ord] n to be ov]look$ f ! /reet1 & :i* (f]s an extravagant assemblage ( l9es )\t dep>t+ f exactness4 ,! actual l9es ( ?is sup]b edifice1 m5tion+ pr9cipally ! two types ( ar*itecture :i* prevail1 are ! ,moori% ( ! works erect$ f #acec to #acfd1 & ! ,r5aissance1 9 ! works c>ri$ out "u ! mon>*s ( ! h\se ( ,au/ria4 ,x is curi\s t :ile ! ,alhambra 0 all[$ to fall into decay1 & suff]$ p]iods ( neglect t c\ld be reckon$ by scores ( ye>s at a /ret*1 ! alcaz> has seldom be5 free f ! h&s ( ! re/or]s4 ,! fact acc\nts1 ( c\rse1 = ! spl5did /ate ( pres]vation 9 :i* x is to be f\nd to-day1 b x also owes to x ! weird incongruity ( /yle & decoration :i* lov]s ( pure ,moori% art deplore4 ,aft] ,p$ro _h almo/ entirely recon/ruct$ ! palace--& to him ! alcaz> owes _m ( its be/ portions--x came "u ! re/or+ influ5ce ( ,juan ,,ii41 t weak b arti/ic mon>*1 ^: h&iwork is se5 9 "s ( ! *ief ap>tm5ts4 ,! ar*-v&al1 ,*>les ,v41 ^: palace 9 ! ,alhambra w\ld be a "w ( art any:]e save on ! spot on :i* he *ose to erect x1 c\ld n be expect$ to sp>e ! alcaz>4 ,"u 8 direction ! great] portion ( ! ,r5aissance additions 7 made1 & ! portraits ( ,spani% k+s hung 9 ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors 7 introduc$ by 8 successor4 ,9 ! #ag? c5tury ?is fav\rite resid5ce ( ! k+s ( ,spa9 atta9$ to ! z5i? ( its magnific5ce2 & !n = a :ole c5tury ! palace 0 all[$1 = ! fir/ & only "t1 to fall into a /ate ( disrepair4 ,spa9 0 pass+ ?r\gh tr\bl\s times1 & its rul]s _h weighti] matt]s to absorb _! att5tion4 ,! alcaz>1 /rick5 by neglect1 %rank to some?+ l its orig9al proportions1 & its beauties fell into decay4 ,9 ! middle ( ! #ai? c5tury ,que5 ,isabella ,,ii4 rescu$ ! anci5t /ructure f ! ravages ( "t1 & ! pres5t ord] & di/9ction :i* x n[ enjoys is l>gely due to h] timely ef=ts4 ,aft] ! re/orations made by ,don ,p$ro 7 f9i%$1 ! alcaz> _h v>i\s entrances1 b ! pr9cipal 7 ! two op5$ 9 ! old ,arab wall1 :i* lead to ! c\rts call$ ! 8,b&]as y de la ,mont]ia40 ,! delicate po9t$ ar*es :i* compos$ !m 7 almo/ hidd5 betwe5 ! massive t[]s ( ! neighb\r+ m9>et2 no?+ ext]nally reveals ! dazzl+ beauty :i* is to be se5 beh9d ^! walls4 ,9 ! c\rty>d "o sees v f9e ornam5ts plac$ hap-haz>d1 :i* _h be5 left ov] f ! la/ re/orations ( ! palace ( ,granada1 & :i* 7 s5t "h )\t any consid]ation = p]iod or /yle4 ,t ?is sy/em prevail$ c be prov$ by ref]5ce to ! ar*ives ( ! royal patrimony1 :]e !re is a docum5t reque/+1 on ! "p ( ! keep] ( ! alcaz>1 t "s ( ! 8be/0 arabesques1 :i* 7 be+ us$ = ! re/orations at ,granada1 %\ld be s5t to ,seville4 ,^! ornam5ts1 ( diff]5t epo*s & /yles1 c be se5 on ! walls ( ! alcaz>1 face to face ) o!rs correspond+ to ! ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,upp] ,,portions ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,dolls4 infancy ( ! art4 ,! ,alhambra does n suff] f ^! incongruities1 because x has n suff]$ a great trans=mation simil> to t :i* ! alcaz> und]w5t at ! h&s ( ,don ,p$ro4 ,x has n be5 alt]$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( a ,*ri/ian c\rt1 & x has nev] be5 occupi$ by great p]sonages1 ) l>ge rev5ues at _! disposal1 to recon/ruct x accord+ to _! caprice4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! ceil+s ( ! alcaz> are magnific5t1 because1 z ,contr]as po9ts out1 ! ,moori% workm5 7 beg9n+ to und]/& all ! maje/y & gr&eur t ,*ri/ian art /amp$ ^u ! complicat$ & m9ute assemblage ( ,mussulman edifices2 !y began to make ri* cov]+s1 ) bolts or /ays ) ap]tures1 & ) holl[s 9 ! =m ( an ar*1 & key/ones imitat+ rhombus1 />s1 & b[ ornam5ts4 ,! fam\s ,go?ic ro(s & ceil+s ( ! ,bretonne build+s ( ! n9? c5tury h nev] be5 able to equal ?is "o1 because "h "o f9ds m beautiful specim5s ?an 9 ! o!r edifices1 :5 ! vaults ) little /alactites _h n yet acquir$ _! complete developm5t4 ,! p]fectly-work$ & c>v$ designs ( ! doors give a great relief to ! palace4 ,"o rem>ks "h t ! ceil+s are less magnific5t or luxuri\s1 :5 ! ornam5tation is less classic1 &1 z at ,fez1 ! walls 7 cov]$ ) hang+s in/ead ( reliefs 9 pla/]2 & !n !y us$ m gold 9 ! cornices1 9 ! friezes1 9 ! domes1 9 ! l9tels1 & 9 ! cr[n+s1 :il/ ! walls rema9$ b>e1 z 9 ! ,moz-,arabian con/ructions4 ,!re 0 "h su* a mixture ( /yles1 su* a confusion ( ideas1 & su* a numb] ( little quadrangul> w9d[s1 :i* int]rupt ! g5]al l9e ( ! ornam5tation1 z "o does n see any:]e else4 ,"o sees1 too1 walls cov]$ ) arabesques1 /ret*+ l pieces ( tape/ry or cov]+s ( bright col\rs1 & :i* produce a ri* effect1 beautiful & v>i$1 ?\ght-out & elegant--b n at all simple--:i* is ! *ief condition ( art 9 ! epo*s ( great culture4 ,9 go+ ?r\gh ?is alcaz> "o sees no?+ b squ>e saloons1 "o foll[+ ! o!r1 ( ! same %ape & dim5sions1 occasionally v>i$ by ! composition ( ! arabesques trac$ !re4 ,symmetry has be5 sacrific$ to conv5i5ce1 & ! c5tral ar*es to ! alignm5t ( ! doors4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,arabs ! alcaz> con/itut$ a s]ies ( con/ructions1 flank$ by ! walls & ! t[]s1 :i* surr\nd$ ! t[n1 :i* _h n ! symmetrical =m ( ! rectangul> plan ( ! build+s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,nei!r does x resemble ! palaces ( ,egypt or ( ,syria4 ,^! quays1 plac$ side by side1 give ?is edifice ! appe>ance ( a ,*ri/ian h\se ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 & "o c only confid5tly give ! "n 8,arab0 to ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels1 ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors1 & ! ap>tm5ts imm$iately adjo9+ x4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,bann]s1 & ( ! ,hunt]s1 lead to ! ,c\rt ( ! ,pr9cipal ,faade1 :]e "o sees ! fir/ specim5 ( ,mussulman decoration6 ,9 all ^! divisions ! monum5t is only reveal$ by ! ve/iges ( battlem5ts ( ! t[]s & ( ! walls1 9 :i* ! orig9al doors 7 op5$1 & :]e ! sultans _h ! *amb]s = judg+ ! qu>rels ( _! subjects1--a cu/om p]petrat$ by ! ,*ri/ian mon>*s4 ,9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,hunt]s "o c /ill see ! ap>tm5t nam$ ! ,hall ( ,ju/ice1 :]e all writ]s suppose t ! audi5ces 7 held4 ,"h ,don ,p$ro held 8 tribunal2 & ! travell]1 ,don ,antonio ,ponz1 ass]ts t he saw "o ( ! columns ( ! memorable seat occupi$ by ! mon>* :5 he held ^? fam\s audi5ces1 :i* 7 an imitation ( ! ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,little ,,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,little ,,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,cornice at ,spr++ ( ,ar* ( ,doorway at "o ( ! ,entrances4 judgm5ts ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! feudal lords ( ! ,we/1 & :i* magnifi$ ! idea ( ju/ice 9 ! eyes ( fooli% & irreflective p1 b :i* 7 held by m5 ( good s5se to be a m]e pret5ce ( equity1 ) :i* to mask 8 tyranny4 ,! place :]e ju/ice 0 adm9i/]$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,almohadan k+s 0 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,mont]ia--a va/ & beautiful ap>tm5t1 "o ( ! olde/ con/ructions 9 ! alcaz>1 & ( a m purely ,moori% /yle4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,hunt]s leads to ano!r l>g] c\rt1 kn[n z ! ,pr9ces' ,hall4 ,?is is m regul> 9 =m1 & 9 x rises ! *ief entrance1 dazzl+ & ri*ly ornam5t$ ) pa9t+ & gild+1 f its tw9 w9d[s to ! topmo/ m\ld+ ( its project+ eaves1 ( ! pure/ ,almohadan /yle4 ,h[ c "o describe x8 ,n only ! entrance1 b ! :ole faade is ( preci\s m>bles1 ! capitals ( ! columns be+ 9 ! mo/ exquisite ,moori% ta/e2 & ! facia ( int]lac$ ar*es above ! doorway display ! escut*eons ( ,ca/ile & ,leon2 :ile r\nd ano!r facia1 runn+ betwe5 ! brackets ov] ! tw9 w9d[s ( ! pr9cipal floor1 !re is a leg5d 9 ,go?ic *>act]s1 :i* says3 8,! v high1 & v noble1 & v p[]ful1 & v victori\s ,don ,p$ro1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile & ,leon1 comm&$ ^! alcaz>s1 & ^! palaces1 & ^! doorways to be made1 :i* 0 done 9 ! era ( "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & two40 ,! cupola ( ! ,pr9ces' ,hall rises above ?is faade1 its out] walls be+ adorn$ ) little ar*es & blue tile "w1 9 imitation ( a pyramid1 & be>+ at its summit1 9 ! ,ori5tal fa%ion1 a wea!r-cock ) gild$ sph]es4 ,on ent]+ ! ve/ibule1 "o sees fir/ ! result ( un=tunate mod]n re=mations1 little rooms or recesses to "r & left1 n[ almo/ /ripp$ ( _! anci5t ornam5tation4 ,on tak+ ! corridor1 :i* is at ! back ( a sort ( ante-*amb]1 ne>ly squ>e1 "o arrives at ! *ief inn] c\rt call$ ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels4 ,!re is an unf\nd$ tradition :i* says ?is c\rt d]ives its "n f ! disgraceful tribute ( "o hundr$ damsels levi$ by ,mauregato1 & paid to ! khalifs ( ,cordova1 x be+ suppos$ t ! ?rone ^u :i* ! ,moori% k+ sat :5 receiv+ ?is tribute 0 situat$ 9 ?is c\rt4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 z ,p$ro de ,m$razo rem9ds u1 !re 7 no ,moori% k+s 9 ,spa91 & nei!r 0 ,seville ! capital ( ! ,&alusian khalifate1 nor c x be ass]t$ t !re 0 a ,s>ac5 palace !re be=e ! elev5? c5tury4 ,)\t any d\bt ?is c\rt 0 "p ( ! great re/orations ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,its plan is a rectangle1 ) gall]ies ( m>ble columns 9 c\ples & po9t$ mitr$ ar*es2 ! c5tral ar*es ( ea* side are high] ?an ! re/1 & in/ead ( re/+1 z ^! d on ! columns1 !y are support$ by small squ>e pill>s1 :i* appe> to be held up by ! capitals4 ,^! small pill>s h beautiful little columns at _! angles1 :i* at fir/ sight seem to be a prelude to ! caprices ( ! ,r5aissance1 :i* lov$ s mu* to surm\nt "o /yle by ano!r2 b "h x is really an accid5t v *>act]i/ic ( ! ,arabic-,granadian ar*itecture1 su* z is (t5 to be notic$ 9 ! ,c\rts ( ! ,alhambra4 ,^! ar*es are only se5 9 ! faade "h1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,pilate1 & 9 ! build+s ( ! eigh? c5tury 9 ! ,ea/4 ,"o c\ld n expla9 !m unless !re 7 hang+ decorations1 su* z tape/ries atta*$ to ! walls1 :i* 7 nei!r se5 nor guess$ 9 ! int]columniations4 ,x is a /range %ape1 :i* is elegant on acc\nt ( ! lobules1 ! po9t1 & ! horse%oe-=m$ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors ,,f ,,! ,,little ,,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 span1 :i* at a lat] p]iod regulat$ ! ar*es ( ! palaces ( ,fez1 ( ,tunis1 & ( ,cairo4 ,! second gall]y ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels1 add$ to ! anci5t con/ruction1 is an addition ( little importance2 b x is a f9e c\rt1 if "o consid]s ! modifications ( its /yle1 its socles %[+ beautiful panels ( decorat$ porcela9 ( admirable delicacy4 ,diff]5t doors lead to ! saloon ( ,*>les ,v41 to t ( ! ,ambassadors1 & to ^? ( ! 8,c>acol10 or ( ,don ,m>ia de ,padilla4 ,!y h sc>fs cut into polygons1 :i* cov] !m on bo? sides1 b ?is f9e "w has be5 badly re/or$ ) /ucco b>b>\sly pa9t$4 ,! ,hall ( ,ambassadors is a squ>e ap>tm5t ( a solemn aspect1 ) f\r frontages compos$ ( high ar*es1 :i* enclose tw9 w9d[s1 plac$ on sl5d] columns1 ^: little ar*es are m ?an semi-circul>1 )\t hav+ ! *>act]i/ic =m ( ! horse-%oe1--a curve :i* m>ks ! decad5t transition4 ,! capitals are deg5]ate ,greco-,roman2 b ! great decorative ar* ) runn+ knots1 al?\gh x has an ,arab curve1 has n ! two squ>es 9 height f ! floor ( ! hall1 & t deprives x ( elegance 9 its ornam5tation4 ,! spaces1 or triangles1 are n orig9al1 ! "w is int]rupt$1 z 9 ! inn] side ( ! wall ( ! frontage1 by %utt]s :i* op51 z ?\gh escap+ f ! tympan ( ! tw9 w9d[s4 ,a wide frieze ( w9d[s1 or pa9t$ transp>5cies1 /ret*es above1 9 an admirable mann]1 & high] /ill !re is a geometrical b& ( ornam5ts 9 ! =m ( knots1 & !n come ar*itraves & supports on :i* ! ro( re/s4 ,! sub-basem5ts ( porcela9 are adorn$ ) arabesques1 & ! connect+ doors are decorat$ ) almo/ exagg]at$ pr(usion4 ,! op5 balconies1 ) ! eagles on _! consols1 are an et]nal affront = him :o _h !m made2 & we may say ! same ?+ ( ! portraits ) ,go?ic frames1 plac$ "u ! ar*-l holl[s ( ! walls1 & also ( ! gild+1 :i* has n ! f9e ornam5tation ( blue1 r$1 & black1 :i* r5d]s ^! little vaults m graceful1 :5 !y are done by ,arabs4 ,! sph]ical cupola1 ) raft]s ) arabesques =m+ />s ( symmetrical polygons1 may h be5 con/ruct$ = /a9$ glass w9d[s at a high] light1 b lat] x 0 ineffectively decorat$ ) little mirrors4 ,! mosaics h be5 re/or$ ) pieces l>g] ?an ! orig9als1 & ! jasp] columns seem to be ,roman & n ,arab1 z d _m o!rs ( ! decad5ce2 & ! capitals too1 )\t uni=mity1 & unsuit$ to ! columns1 appe> to be ,moz-,arabian "w1 :i* is se5 9 _m ( ! ,s>ac5 mosques4 ,! type ( ! ,african inscriptions 9 ! alcaz> is n z f9e or z pure z are ^? 9 ! ,hall ( ,com>es at ,granada2 b on ! o!r h& ! classic "* ( ! cufic inscriptions "h is m uni=m & m simple4 ,! ornam5ts1 9 ! %ape ( leaves1 ( p9e cones1 & ( palms int]lac$ ) ribbons1 ) geometrical outl9es1 is a /yle t is no long] se5 aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury4 ,! little w9d[s1 9 p>allelograms above ! doors1 ! ,roman impo/s1 ! ,go?ic c>v+s1 & ! escut*eons ) brok5 *isel+s %[n 9 ?is palace1 are ! "w ( sev]al g5]ations :o 7 want+ 9 ! consci\sness ( art4 ,yet ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors is beyond dispute ! mo/ spl5did & beautiful ap>tm5t ( all ! palaces ( ,moori% ar*itecture belong+ to ! ,cr[n 9 ,spa94 ,! pa9t+ & gild+ ( arabesques1 ! lovely c>v$ wood5 ceil+s1 n[ %ap$ l inv]t$ b[ls1 n[ l sections ( a sph]e1 & n[ l caprici\s _m-sid$ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 figures1 :i* reflect ! light & %ade ) a m>vell\s effect2 ! inscriptions 9 ,african *>act]s2 ! ri* doors ( m>quetry1 surr\nd$ by ,arabic invocations 7a beautiful "w done by artific]s ( ,tol$o72 ! columns ( v>i\s m>bles ) capitals ( exquisite cut1 n[ primitive1 n[ ,almohadan1 n[ ,moori%2 ! v>iegat$ m>ble ( ! pavem5t1 ! p]=at$ /ucco ( ! p>titions1 ! +5i\s "w1 ) birds introduc$ 9 ! doorways2 & f9ally ?is /range comb9ation ( five diff]5t /yles1 :i* 9 !ory is s impossible1 & 9 practice s h>moni\s--,arabic1 ,almohadan1 ,go?ic1 ,granadian1 & ,r5aissance--to be se5 9 s _m ap>tm5ts ( ! alcaz>1 b m especially 9 ?is hall1 are ?+s :i* ! p5 c\ld nev] describe satisfactorily1 & :i* mu/ be left to ! impression produc$ by a sight ( ! orig9al1 or to a contemplation ( its pictur$ repres5tation4 ,= ?is reason "o may n endeav\r to describe1 ei!r te*nically or m9utely1 ?is magnific5t hall1 to ! gradual ar*itectural composition ( :i* ov]se]s & workm5 ( s _m diff]5t times contribut$4 ,! ,abbaditas made ! bold horse-%oe ar*es ( ! l[] "p2 ! ,almohadans1 & aft]w>ds ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ians ( ,granada :i* arose1 c>ri$ out ! "w ( ornam5t+ ! walls ) ! ornam5tal ar*es1 ! p]=at$ w9d[s1 ! facias ( little int]lac$ ar*es1 & ! inscriptions2 & !y cov]$ ! hall ) ! m>vell\s dome %ap$ l an inv]t$ b[l4 ,x is probable t ! ar*itects ( ! ,ca?olic mon>*s con/ruct$ ! ?ird body 9 ! po9t$ /yle1 =m+ a s]ies ( corrupt$ trefoils bord]$ ) lilies1 9 ^: c5tres ! portraits ( ! k+s ( ,spa91 f ,*9dasv9to1 are reproduc$2 &1 f9ally1 ! k+s ( ! ,h\se ( ,au/ria add$ ! ?ird body ( ! decoration1 f\r balconies1 ( great projection1 :i* d\btless =m]ly 7 tw9 w9d[s 7ajimeces7 ) "o or m columns1 support$ by griffons gild$1 & ( bold outl9e4 ,x 0 probably 9 ?is saloon t ! c]emoni\s & p]fidi\s reception ( ,abu ,said1 ,k+ ( ,granada1 by ,don ,p$ro took place4 ,! usurp] ( ! ,?rone ( ,granada pres5t$ himself to ! own] ( ! alcaz>1 ?9k+ he _h ensur$ 8 p]sonal safety by ! gifts he _h =w>d$1 & by 8 complete submission to ! wi%es ( 8 ho/4 ,b aft] be+ ent]ta9$ at a spl5did supp]1 he 0 rew>d$ ) prison1 & dea?1 accompani$ ) ! mo/ horrible mock]ies4 ,among/ ! jewels1 ) :i* ! unhappy ,abu ,said is suppos$ to h hop$ to w9 ! he>t ( 8 fai?less enemy1 0 ! imm5se ruby1 :i* to-day %9es 9 ! royal cr[n ( ,edw>d ,,vii4 ,x 0 giv5 by ,don ,p$ro to ! ,black ,pr9ce2 x lat] came into ! possession ( ,que5 ,m>y ,/u>t ( ,scotl&1 & ?r\gh h] son1 ,james ,i41 return$ once m to ,engl&4 ,if ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors is ri*1 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls is n less s 9 its own /yle4 ,?is1 ) "s o!r saloons1 con/itut$ "o ( ! rema9+ spl5d\rs ( ! alcaz> :i* are associat$ ) ,don ,fadrique1 ,ma/] ( ! ,ord] ( ,santiago1 ! timid son ( ,alonso ,,xi4 ,we _c tell f :at s\rce ?is c\rt has receiv$ its mod]n d5om9ation4 ,9 ! old *ronicles !re is no trace ( su* a "n2 b !y1 & tradition1 h h&$ u d[n copi\s notes1 all ( :i* make ?is "p ( ! alcaz> ! !atre ( t sangu9>y drama ( ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury4 ,aft] read+ ^! *ronicles & romances1 "o imag9es ! gho/s ( ! actors mov+ ab\t ! ap>tm5ts2 "o sees ,don ,p$ro1 :o has already plann$ 8 execrable plot1 receiv+1 ) false expressions ( int]e/1 8 half-bro!r ,don ,fadrique2 "o sees ! lovely ,padilla1 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,?rone ,,( ,,ju/ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,( ,,ambassadors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,bord]s ( ,ar*es4 sad & t]rifi$ 9 h] room1 9 ! 8c>acol0 ap>tm5ts1 wi%+ to reveal ! dang] :i* awaits him to ! ,ma/]1 b n d>+ to d s2 & "o also seems to feel ! imp5d+ doom ( ! ecc5tric pr9ce1 :5 he is depriv$ ( ! help ( 8 s]vants1 :om ! port]s =ce to leave ! c\rty>d ) _! mules1 :]e !y 7 wait+ = _! "l4 ,& f9ally we see ! return ( ,don ,fadrique to ! pres5ce ( ! irritat$ mon>*1 :o has call$ him1 & :o has ord]$ t 8 companions %all be deta9$ outside ! doors1 :il/ ! /ew>ds ( ! k+ kill 8 un=tunate bro!r4 ,fadrique1 aft] a desp]ate /ruggle1 manages to escape f ! murd]]s & to rea* ! c\rt1 look+ = ! po/]n ( ! corral1 :i* he fancies is op5--all ! "t mak+ unavail+ ef=ts to draw 8 sword1 ! h&le ( :i* has become entangl$ 9 ! cords ( 8 sa%--& !re at la/ he falls1 8 head be+ cru%$ by a bl[ ( a club4 ,o!r acc\nts decl>e t :5 ,fadrique return$ to ,don ,p$ro's ap>tm5t1 aft] pay+ a c\rtesy visit to ,m>ia de ,padilla1 he 0 met ) ! s5t5ce1 %\t$ 9 ! k+'s voice1 8,kill ! ,ma/] ( ,santiago60 ,don ,fadrique drew 8 sword & made a valor\s def5ce1 b 0 ov]p[]$ & /ruck d[n by bl[s on ! head4 ,see+ t 8 half-bro!r 0 /ill brea?+1 ! k+ h&$ 8 own drawn dagg] to an att5dant & comm&$ him to kill ! ,ma/] outright4 ,to-day we _c say positively :i* 0 ! 8,palacio del ,yeso10 or 8,palace ( /ucco or lime10 :]e ,don ,p$ro receiv$ 8 unhappy half-bro!r1 nor yet :i* 7 ! ap>tm5ts ( ! 8c>acol40 ,x is ?\ght ! c\rt :i* has ! *ief faade ( ! alcaz> 0 t :i* 9 ! *ronicle is call$ ! 8c>acol10 & t ! 8po/]n0 0 t :i* l$ f ?is c\rt to t ( ! 8b&]as40 ,x is true t tradition p]si/s 9 po9t+ out ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls & ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors z ! !atre ( ?is horrible fraticide1 )\t tak+ into acc\nt ! notes ( ! hi/orian1 :o relates t ,don ,fadrique1 pursu$ by 8 murd]]s1 ran 9 ! direction ( ! po/]n1 :]e he _h be5 w>n$ t he c\ld make a /&1 b f\nd t all 8 escort _h be5 driv5 out4 ,! ,k+ ,don ,p$ro fills ) 8 gr& s9i/] figure ! ap>tm5ts :i* he occupi$1 & ev5 ^? add$ by lat] mon>*s1 j z ! :ole gloomy pile ( ! ,escurial seems to be haunt$ by ! ambigu\s p]sonality ( ,philip ,,ii4 ,sad privilege ( despots2 ! t]ror :i* !y inspire 9 life1 survives !m1 freez+ ! smile ( happ9ess on ! lips ( g5]ations1 :o are free f _! malevol5t actions1 ev5 9 ! v *amb]s :i* !y d$icate to _! pleasures4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls is purely 9 ! /yle ( ,granada4 ,! surface ( ! ar*es is cov]$ ) m9ute mosaic "w1 & !y re/ ^u beautiful brick pill>s1 su/a9$ by m>ble columns ) delicate capitals1 :ile ! d\ble p>titions1 cov]$ ) p]=at$ "w1 are ( brick1 wood1 & /ucco4 ,delicate t9ts cov] ! ornam5tation ) a beautiful veil1 :i* is l a lovely ,p]sian tape/ry4 ,?is c\rt is a rectangle ) unequal sides2 !re is a great ar* 9 ^? look+ t[>ds ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors1 some:at pe>-%ap$1 betwe5 two small] ar*es ( ! same =m2 9 ! o!r two sides !re is a l>ge ar* & a small] "o1 all re/+ ^u graceful columns ( diff]5t col\rs1 9 ! capitals ( :i* 7believ$ to belong to ! primitive epo*1 on acc\nt ( _! resemblance ) ^? ( ! primitive "p ( ! ,mosque ( ,cordova7 !re is a fre%ness & delicacy ( l9e :i* holds ! imag9ation captive4 ,! ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built #acfi--acgi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s4 entablatures1 :i* are borne by ! columns1 are f9ely decorat$ ) v]tical bord]s1 =m$ by inscriptions 9 cufic *>act]s4 ,! upp] "p ( ?is lovely c\rt has be5 spoilt by bad re/orations4 ,! ,hall ( ,ambassadors1 z well z ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls1 is surr\nd$ by beautiful saloons1 />t+ f ! *ief faade ( ! alcaz>1 runn+ r\nd ! nor?-ea/ angle ( ! build+1 & =m+ a s]ies ( my/]i\s & voluptu\s rooms adjo9+ ! gall]ies ( ! 8,g>d5s0 ( ! 8,pr9ces0 ( ! 8,grotto0 & ( ! 8,dance10 till !y t]m9ate at ! o!r s\?-we/ corn] ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels :]e ! *apel us$ to be1 & :]e x is believ$ ! luxuri\s ap>tm5ts ( ! 8c>acol0 /ood4 ,accord+ to tradition !y 7 at ! ea/]n side ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels :]e ! l[] *apel /&s to-day2 ?is space adjo9s at its nor?-ea/ corn] ! ba?s1 :i* /ill be> ! "n ( ! unhappy fav\rite1 m wor?y ( pity ?an ( hatr$2 & !y also lead1 by a n>r[ & almo/ hidd5 /aircase1--! olde/ 9 ! alcaz>1--to ! b$room ( ,don ,p$ro1 situat$ 9 ! /ory above4 ,no?+ rema9s ( ! dwell+ :i* ! enam\r$ k+ prep>$ = ! woman he lov$ mo/ 9 8 di/ract$ & *angeful life4 ,! entrance to ! fam\s & regal ba?s ( ,da ,m>ia de ,padilla is 9 ! g>d5 ( ! 8,dance10 bel[ ! saloons con/ruct$ 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,v4 ,x is suppos$ !y 7 us$ by ! sultanas1 :il/ ! ,s>ac5 c\rt 0 at ,seville4 ,!y are surr\nd$ by orange & lemon trees1 & n enclos$ by ^? massive walls :i* give ! appe>ance ( a gloomy dungeon4 ,at ! ea/]n extremity ( ! g>d5 ( ! 8,dance0 !re is a tank or f\nta94 ,x is said t "o day ! k+1 be+ mu* preoccupi$ ) ! *oice ( a judge to :om to confide a v complicat$ & obscure case1 drew ne> ?is tank1 & cutt+ an orange 9 two1 ?rew "o half on ! surface ( ! wat]1 :]e x float$4 ,he !n s5t = "o ( 8 judges & ask$ him :at he saw float+ on ! wat]4 8,an orange1 ,sire10 0 ! reply4 ,he receiv$ ! same answ] f sev]al o!r judges :om he summon$2 b f9ally came "o :o1 :5 ask$ ! "q1 broke (f a bran* ( "o ( ! trees ne> by1 & ) x drew ! fruit float+ on ! wat] to ! edge1 :5 he answ]$1 8,half an orange1 ,sire40 ,:]eupon ! mon>* decid$ to entru/ him ) ! conduct ( ! case4 ,! /range "* ( ,don ,p$ro1 & 8 mann] ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice1 take u n[ to ! upp] floor ( ! alcaz>1 to ! s\?-ea/ corn]1 :]e1 at ! end ( a s]ies ( saloons ( little int]e/1 ) ri* b[l-%ap$ ceil+s & cornices ( mosaic1 !re is ! k+'s sleep+ *amb]1 ^: walls /ill pres]ve ! high socle ( inlaid tile "w1 ! /ucco ornam5ts ) bord]s ( inscriptions 9 ,african *>act]s1 & ! recess$ w9d[s ) %utt]s1 ! frieze ) /alactites1 ! ceil+ ( good design & beautiful gild+1 & an alcove ) a mosaic ar*4 ,ne> "o ( ! corn]s !re is a bas-relief 9 "o ( ! walls1 repres5t+ a man seat$ ) 8 body twi/$ t[>ds ! entrance door1 & 8 head turn$ upw>ds1 z ?\gh contemplat+ ! skull :i* is to be se5 above ! facia ( ,african *>act]s4 ,x appe>s t ?is horrible emblem 0 plac$ !re by ord] ( ,don ,p$ro1 9 ord] to p]petuate ! memory ( 8 summ>y puni%m5t ( "s deceitful judges4 ,! ,pr9ces' ,hall & ! ,oratory are ! only upp] ap>tm5ts1 prior to ! ,r5aissance1 :i* are left = u to exam9e1--a fire 9 ! ye> #agfb hav+ de/roy$ _m ( ! rooms ( ! upp] /ory4 ,b we mu/ fir/ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s4 take note ( ! ext]nal objects :i* surr\nd u4 ,don ,p$ro's b$room looks on ! s\? ov] ! g>d5s2 ! ,pr9ces' ,hall looks nor?1 & occupies ! upp] floor ( ! *ief faade1 ^: elegant 8ajimeces0 illum9ate x4 ,! oratory is 9 ! ea/ wall4 ,9 ! b$room !re is a balcony1 :i* leads to a wide gall]y1 ) o!r little balconies1 ) seats runn+ r\nd !m1 at ! end ( :i* !re is a sort ( turret1 ) ?ree semi-circul> ar*es1 support$ by pairs ( m>ble columns1 ) capitals ( ! pure/ ,arab /yle4 ,! spaci\s g>d5s /ret* at our feet1 =m+ a delightful spectacle4 ,f ! ,pr9ces' ,hall "o c p]ceive1 above ! wat*-t[]s ( ! alcaz>1 ! innum]able p]=at$ wea!r-cocks ( ! ca!dral2 &1 t[]+ ov] all1 l a gigantic s5t9el1 ! ,giralda1 cr[n$ ) ! sacr$ sign ( ! conv]sion to ! fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,pr9ces' ,hall & 9 ! ,oratory ! influ5ce ( ! po9t$ /yle ( ar*itecture is v noticeable2 & yet 9 /udy+ ! ar*es ( ! ,oratory & ! little pill>s1 :i* surm\nt ! columns 9 ! c5tre1 ! influ5ce ( ,moori% ar*itecture on ! ,go?ic or po9t$ ar*itecture ( ! ?ird p]iod is mo/ /rik+4 ,! columns ( ! ,pr9ces' ,hall1 & ( ! o!r adjo9+ ap>tm5ts1 are ( m>ble1 ) v ri* capitals4 ,accord+ to ,j]onimo ,zurita1 ^! columns 7 9 ! royal palace ( ,val5cia1 & 7 remov$ aft] ! defeat ( ,don ,p$ro1 ,k+ ( ,aragon1 by ! ,k+ ( ,ca/ile4 ,!re are luxuri\s divans all r\nd ! hall1 & ev]y?+ is ri* except ! ceil+1 n[ de/roy$1 & ! floor1 :i* is poor & 9 v bad repair4 ,! ,oratory 0 built by ord] ( ! ,ca?olic mon>*s 9 #aejd2 its alt> scre5 has a picture 9 ! c5tre1 repres5t+ ! ,visitation1 ) ! signature1 8,niculoso ,francisco ,italiano10 me fecit1 :i* is notable = ! mixture ( ! pure ,italian s*ool1 & ! reali/ic ,dut* s*ool 9 its design4 ,! blue tile plaques ( ?is oratory are purely ,italian1 & p]haps !y are ! mo/ beautiful examples ( ?is class ( ,*ri/ian ornam5tation 9 ,&alusia4 ,=d says t ! ,emp]or1 ,*>les ,v41 m>ri$ ,da ,isabella ( ,portugal 9 ?is oratory1 b ! /atem5t is n correct4 ,s&oval1 bett] in=m$1 describes ! happy ev5t 9 ! foll[+ words3--8,eight days aft] ! empress ent]$ ,seville1 ! emp]or ent]$1 be+ greet$ ) ! same c]emonies4 ,he w5t direct to ! pr9cipal *ur*1 & f !re pass$ to ! alcaz>1 :]e ! empress await$ him1 accompani$ by ! ,du*ess ( ,m$9a-,sidonia1 ,da ,ana ( ,aragon1 & ! ,m>*ioness ( ,c5ete1 wife ( ! ,c\nt ( ,nassau1 & by o!r great ladies2 ! empress & h] ladies be+ all mo/ ri*ly dress$4 ,aft]w>ds ! emp]or arriv$2 !y 7 m>ri$ t same night by ! ,c>d9al ,legate1 9 ! great room :i* is call$ ! 8half orange0 7! ,hall ( ,ambassadors71 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! prelates & gr&ees assembl$ !re4 ,! empress appe>$ to all pres5t "o ( ! mo/ beautiful wom5 9 ! _w1 z is te/ifi$ to by ^? :o saw h]1 & by h] portraits4 ,! h\r ( supp] came1 & ! emp]or & empress retir$ to _! ap>tm5ts2 & aft] midnight1 ! emp]or wi%+ x ?us = religi\s reasons1 an alt> 0 erect$ 9 "o ( ! ap>tm5ts ( ! alcaz>1 & ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o1 :o _h rema9$ = ! purpose1 said mass !re40 ,?is m>riage1 z ,m4 de ,lat\r rightly says1 0 ! la/ memorable page 9 ! hi/ory ( ! alcaz>2 & ! works complet$ by ! emp]or are ! la/ notable improvem5ts made 9 ! monum5t4 ,! ar*itects1 ,l\is & ,gasp> de ,vaga1 7 responsible = important works ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,bord]s ( ,ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,gall]y ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,hundr$ ,,virg9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,sultana',s ,,ap>tm5t ,,& ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,virg9s4 9 ! alcaz>1 ! high gall]y ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels1 & ^? look+ s\? ov] ! g>d5s & ov] ! ba?s ( ,da ,m>ia de ,padilla4 ,new habitations 7 !n erect$1 :i* %one ) ! art ( ! ,r5aissance1 int]tw9$ ) ! ,arab adornm5ts ( ! /yle call$ 8plat]esco40 ,b ! emp]or did n conf9e himself to re/or+1 re-build+1 & to erect+ fre% works 9 ! old alcaz>2 nor 7 ! above-m5tion$ ar*itects ! only ones :o work$1 b he also enl>g$ & embelli%$ ! g>d5s1 & 9 t :i* is call$ ! 8,lion ,g>d510 he _h built by a c]ta9 ,juan ,h]n&ez1 9 ! ye> #aedj1 an elegant d9+ hall1 ( s+ul> ar*itecture--half ,italian1 half ,moori%--:i*1 )\t d\bt1 is a wor?y dwell+ place = a fairy pr9cess ( ! days ( *ivalry4 ,?is supp] hall1 or pavilion1 has a squ>e plan1 & measures t5 /eps 9 ea* frontage2 a gall]y ( five ar*es surr\nds x on ea* side1 :i* re/ on graceful pill>s ( ! r>e/ m>bles ) capitals 9 ! ,moori% /yle4 ,a frieze is se51 ext]nally made ( arabesques1 =m+ ribbons1 cutt+ ea* o!r at angles1 & mak+ />s2 all ! l[] "p is fac$ ) blue tiles ( ,triana1 ) ! outl9es ( ! designs 9 bold relief4 ,inside !re is ano!r frieze 9 ! 8plat]esque0 /yle1 clev]ly p]=at$1 & a socle ( blue tiles ) a bord]1 9 :i* %9e ! arms ( ,ca/ile & ! imp]ial eagles4 ,9 ! c5tre rises a beautiful f\nta9 ) a :ite m>ble bas94 ,a facia ( blue tiles1 9 imitation ( inlaid tile "w1 runs ar\nd1 & betwe5 ! "w "o c read ! date ( its con/ruction & ! abbreviat$ "n ( ! artific]4 ,! dome is ( a decad5t ta/e4 ,! wall :i* encloses ^! g>d5s to ! we/ is decorat$ 9 ! /yle call$ 8vignolesque10 ) /\t pila/]s1 & a frontispiece ( two bodies above ! pond 9 ! g>d5 ( ! 8,dance10 & light ar*es :i* =m a long 8loggia0 ( beautiful effect4 ,! works c>ri$ out "u ,philip ,,iii41 & ,philip ,v41 & ,f]d9& ,,vi4 are n wor?y ( close att5tion4 ,!y con/ruct$ ! p>ts :i* face ! gateway ( ! 8b&]as10 conta9+ ! 8apead]o0 & ! 8arm]ia40 ,! 8apead]o0 is a portico ?irty-eight y>ds long & fifte5 wide1 ) two r[s ( m>ble columns 9 pairs4 ,! 8arm]ia10 or arm\ry1 is a spaci\s ap>tm5t above1 de/9$ = ! object indicat$ by its "n4 ,! epo* ( ! con/ruction ( bo? is te/ifi$ to by a /one set 9 ! faade1 :i* be>s ! foll[+ inscription3 8,reign+ 9 ,spa9 ,philip ,,iii41 he erect$ ?is "w 9 ! ye> ,,mdcvii42 ,philip ,v4 enl>g$ & repair$ x1 & de/9$ x = ! royal arm\ry 9 ! ye> ,,mdccxxviii40 ,f]d9& ,,vi4 only con/ruct$ ! (fices above ! ba?s ( ,da ,m>ia de ,padilla1 repair+ ! damage caus$ by ! t]rible e>?quake ( #agee4 ,! great] "p ( ! halls on ! upp] /ory look+ on ! g>d5s p]i%$ 9 ! dreadful fire ( #agfb2 & ! ,gov]nm5t d\btless fe>+ ! exp5se :i* w\ld be incurr$ by a regul> re/oration 9 ! orig9al /yle1 ord]$ all ! ro(s & ceil+s de/roy$ by ! fire to be repair$ 9 ! 8mod]n mann]40 ,! unhappy result ( ?is ord] 0 to make ! ceil+ ( _m ( ! ap>tm5ts mu* too l[1 & to scrape away _m ( ! anci5t arabesques f ! walls4 ,9 ! ye> #ahje ! unhappy idea 0 conceiv$ ( *ang+ ! pr9cipal entrance1 & ( :ite-wa%+ ) hide\s lime ! magnific5t /ucco "w 9 ! ,pr9ces' ,hall1 & ( o!r anci5t ap>tm5ts4 ,! un=tunate re=mation ev5 w5t s f> z to sub/itute a pla/] ceil+1 :i* makes "o %udd]1 = ! beautiful ,arab b[l-%ap$ "o1 & ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,bord] ( ,ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,dormitory ,,( ,,! ,,k+s4 to put mod]n w9d[s 9 ! hall ov] ! pr9cipal faade1 call$ ! ,hall ( ! ,pr9ces1 ne> ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls2 & also to spoil ! ceil+ ( ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors ) heavy beams & supports1 q ru9+ ! beauty ( ?is enamell$ half-orange4 ,"o is curi\s to "k :o x 0 :o fir/ tri$ to repair 9 a measure ! h>m done by ^! s-call$ 8re/orations40 ,9 #ahcc a rational re/oration ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls1 & ( ! hall ne> x to ! nor?1 0 begun ) laudible zeal by ! ,don ,joaqu9 ,cortes1 pr(essor ( pa9t+1 & ! intellig5t ov]se]1 ,antonio ,raso1 & ! (ficial1 ,manuel ,cortes4 ,! real "w ( re/oration comm5c$ ab\t ! ye> #ahdb1 ?anks to ! praisewor?y ef=ts ( ,don ,dom+o de ,alcega1 adm9i/rator ( ! royal patrimony1 & to ^? :o help$ him 9 8 difficult task1 ! di/+ui%$ arti/1 ,don ,joaqu9 ,dom+uez ,becqu]1 & ! ma/] artific]1 ,jos ,guti]rez y ,lopez4 ,seor ,becqu] design$ ! ,arab cornice :i* to-day decorates ! out] "p ( ! edifice def9+ ! dome ( ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors1 :i* _h be5 half de/roy$ 9 #ahje1 & he nev] ceas$ to devote 8 g5ius to ! re/oration1 n[ 9 "p & aga9 g5]al1 ( ! mo/ preci\s monum5t ( ,moori% art ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #aheb & #ahec ! alcalde ( ! royal palaces complet$ ! "w ( replac+ "s ( ! /ucco ornam5ts 9 v>i\s ap>tm5ts4 ,aft]w>ds ! vice-alcalde1 ,don ,alonso ,nuez de ,prado1 assi/$ by ,seor ,becqu]1 br\ght a complete re/oration to a successful end1 :i*1 ?\gh x may n be faultless 9 ! eyes ( a mod]n critic1 is /ill wor?y ( praise1 consid]+ ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 und]tak54 ,9 #ahee ! adm9i/rator ( ! alcaz> invit$ ! ,que51 ,da ,isabella ,,ii41 to int]e/ h]self 9 ! works1 ) ! result t he 0 able to cov] ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls ) glass1 & to re-build ! ?irty-six ar*es ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels4 ,!re is no inscription 9 ! alcaz> :i* (f]s a real hi/orical or lit]>y int]e/ to ! ar*ologi/4 ,"o does n f9d "h ! fragm5ts ( poems on ! walls :i* 9 ! ,alhambra re/ ! eye & speak to ! intellig5ce 9 prais+ ! h]oic de$s ( w>riors & ! beauties ( ! sumptu\s habitations4 ,9 ! alcaz> "o reads ! ,koran ) its repeat$ salutations & "s praises ( ,don ,p$ro1 9 :i* ! praises ( ! ,mohamm$an sultans h be5 suppress$1 also ! ^w1 ,islamism2 b we mu/ draw att5tion to ! fact t ! great] numb] ( ! inscriptions are ! same z ^? employ$ 9 ! alcaz> ( ,granada1 repeat$ a ?\s& times1 & x w\ld be t$i\s & tiresome to accompany ! arti/ic description ) ! same v]se1 repeat$ a hundr$ times1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! diff]5t ap>tm5ts1 & int]rupt$ a hundr$ times also by o!rs put 9 at ! "t ( ! re/orations4 ,z ! p]sons :o 7 *>g$ ) ! "w ( re/or+ ! inscriptions did n "k ! anci5t language1 !y v (t5 plac$ ! inscriptions upside d[n4 ,on ! faade1 & ov] ! pr9cipal entrance ( ! alcaz>1 ar\nd ! tw9 w9d[s1 "o reads ! well-kn[n v]ses3 8,glory to our ,"l ! ,sultan20 8,et]nal ,glory = ,allah1 ! p]petual empire = ,allah20 8,la/+ happ9ess20 8,b5$iction20 8,! k+dom ( ,god1 ! p[] ( ,god1 glory to ,god20 8,happ9ess & peace1 & ! glory & g5]osity ( p]petual felicity20 8,9 prosp]\s =tune ?is palace is ! only "o40 ,! inscription1 8,!re is no conqu]or b ,god10 plac$ above & bel[ ! wide frieze ( pa9t$ porcela91 9 cufic *>act]s1 9 our op9ion1 mu/ be ! "w ( an arti/ f ,granada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,! ,,dormitory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>4 ,,front ,,( ,,! ,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alcaz>4 ,,sleep+ ,,saloon ,,( ,,! ,,moori% ,,k+s4 ,!n comes ! ve/ibule1 :]e "o sees almo/ ! same inscriptions4 ,! ,african *>act]s are *ang$ into cufic1 or neskis4 ,^! are :at are 9 ! frieze3 8,happ9ess & prosp]ity are ! b5efits ( ,god20 & aft]3 8,glory to our ,"l ! ,sultan ,don ,p$ro1 may 8 victories be magnific5t40 ,9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,damsels we f9d v mu* ! same ?+3 8,praise to ,god1 on acc\nt ( ,8 b5efits40 ,x mu/ be rem>k$ t1 9 all ! inscriptions m5tion$ above1 ! ^w 8,islamism0 has be5 suppress$1 :i* proves t ! arti/s 7 ! same ,arabs :o1 "u ! ,*ri/ian dom9ion1 took advantage ( ! traditional =mulas 9 effac+ ! religi\s "p ( ! v]se4 ,on a frieze ( ! same c\rt3 8,glory to our ,sultan ,don ,p$ro1 may ,god l5d him ,8 aid & make him victori\s10 c41 c4 ,!n foll[ a numb] ( inscriptions ( no importance1 :]e "o sees repeat$3 8,happ9ess1 ,praise1 ,gr&eur2 ,god is ,unique1 ! ,fulfilm5t ( ,hopes20 & ?is "o1 m wor?y ( notice1 8,god is ,unique1 ,he does n ,beget1 ,he 0 n ,begott51 ,he has no ,companion40 ,?is inscription is also f\nd at ,granada on ! ,*>coal ,gateway1 9 cufic *>act]s1 & x proves t x c\ld n h be5 con/ruct$ "u ! ,*ri/ian dom9ion1 because x is completely contr>y to ! religion ( ,*ri/2 &1 consequ5tly1 t ,don ,p$ro pr(it$ by ! "w ( ,yusuf z mu* z 0 possible4 ,amador d los ,rios1 ! well-kn[n savant1 supposes t arti/s 7 br\ght f ,tol$o to con/ruct ?is alcaz>2 b ?is is n exact1 !y only did ! repairs & re/orations4 ,on "o ( ! doors1 :i* l all ! re/ 9 ?is edifice has und]gone _m re/orations1 ! mo/ int]e/+ leg5d is f\nd3 8,! ,sultan our ,"l1 ! exalt$1 noble ,don ,p$ro1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile & ( ,leon--may ,god p]petuate 8 happ9ess--ord]$ ,jalabi1 8 ar*itect1 to make ! doors ( work$ wood = ?is magnific5t portal ( happ9ess2 he ord]$ ?is 9 hon\r ( ! ,ambassadors4 ,joy broke out = _! con/ruction & dazzl+ embelli%m5t4 ,! *isel+s are ! "w ( arti/s f ,tol$o1 & x 0 done 9 ! ye> ( grace #adjd4 8,simil> to ! twilight ( ! ev5+1 & v simil> to ! light at dawn ( day1 ?is "w is dazzl+ on acc\nt ( its brilliant col\rs & ! int5sity ( its spl5d\rs1 f :i* abundance ( felicity fl[s = ! happy t[n :]e ! palaces 7 built1 & ^! habitations1 :i* are = our ,"l & ,ma/]1 ! only "o :o communicates life to 8 spl5d\r1 ! pi\s ,sultan1 :o is also sev]e1 _h x built 9 ! t[n ( ,seville1 ) ! aid ( 8 int]cessor1 9 hon\r ( ,god40 ,"o sees ! same inscriptions repeat$ 9 ! ,hall ( ,ambassadors1 & 9 ! room to ! left "o reads3 8,oh6 entrance to ! habitation newly dazzl+ & noble1 ,"l ( protection1 ( magnific5ce1 & ( virtues40 ,9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,dolls1 & r\nd ! entrance ar*1 "o reads3 8,!re is no protection if x is n ,allah1 9 :om ,i tru/1 = ,i %all return to him40 8,all t ?\ do/ possess comes f ,god10 c41 c4 ,& 9 ! same c\rt 7cufic73 8,oh6 incomp>able ,ma/]1 issue ( a royal race1 protect x40 8,praise ,god = ,8 b5efits40 8,god1 my ,ma/]40 ,9 ! sleep+ ap>tm5t1 call$ t ( ! ,moori% k+s1 among/ o!r kn[n inscriptions ?is "o is f\nd3 8,oh6 illu/ri\s new dwell+1 ?y spl5did happ9ess has progressively increas$ on acc\nt ( ! la/+ brilliancy ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,ornam5t 9 ,panels on ! ,wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,room ,,( ,,! ,,infanta4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,columns ,,:]e ,,don ,,fadrique ,,0 ,,murd]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,b&s1 ,side ( ,ar*es4 ( ! greate/ beauty4 ,?\ w]t *os5 = ! place :]e ! fea/s %\ld be celebrat$4 ,he is ! support & ! rule = all good1 s\rce ( b5efits1 & food ( c\rage6 ,= !e44440 ,we left ! /ory ( ,seville some:at abruptly to deal 9 detail ) ! alcaz>4 ,"u ,almohade rule1 & :ile ! alcaz> & ! mosque 7 9 c\rse ( con/ruction1 ! city knew peace1 & its comm]ce fl\ri%$4 ,b ! days ( its security 7 limit$2 ! end ( ! ,moslem dom9ation 9 ,seville 0 draw+ to its close4 ,! reviv$ prosp]ity ( ! ,mohamm$ans spurr$ ! ,*ri/ian ,spani>ds to r5ew$ ef=ts to encompass ! ov]?r[ ( ! infidels4 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 decl>$ a crusade1 & numb]s ( adv5tur\s ,fr5* & ,engli% free-lances travell$ to ,spa9 9 answ] to ! call4 ,b 9 #aaie ! ,*ri/ians 7 defeat$ at ,al>cos1 ne> ,badajoz1 & aga9 ! ambiti\s projects ( ,san ,f]n&o 7 tempor>ily fru/rat$4 ,9 #abab ! ,almohade army1 x is said to ! numb] ( #fjj1jjj m51 0 almo/ de/roy$ on ! disa/r\s field ( ,las ,navas1 & ! "w ( ! expulsion ( ! ,moors f ,spa9 0 begun4 ,city aft] city 0 captur$ by ! soldi]s ( ,f]n&o ,,iii41 ,cordova fell 9 #abce1 & ! conqu]or1 ) ! help ( ! ,k+ ( ,granada1 :o _h sworn allegiance to ! ,*ri/ian mon>*1 m>*$ aga9/ ,seville4 ,! army br\ght by ! holy k+ to ,seville 0 ! mo/ brilliant & num]\s ev] se5 9 ,*ri/ian or ,mohamm$an ,spa94 ,no small] =ce w\ld h be5 suffici5t = ! tak+ ( a city :i* conta9$ #ab1jjj ,mussulman families divid$ into tw5ty-f\r tribes1 & :i* _h be5 9 ! h&s ( ! foll[]s ( ,islam = m ?an five c5turies4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #abce ! army 0 mov$ f ,cordova & divid$ into two p>ts1 "o "u ! comm& ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,mol9a & ! ,ma/] ( ,santiago1 :i* 0 to m>* to ! ,aj>afe2 & ! o!r "u ! direction ( ! ,k+ ( ,granada & ! ,ma/] ( ,calatrava1 :i* 0 to h>ass ! c\ntry ne> ,j]ez4 ,! attack on ,seville & its t]ritories comm5c$ imm$iately1 & a s]ies ( un9t]rupt$ victories prefac$ ! happy t]m9ation :i* 0 to cr[n ! con/ant & g5]\s ef=ts ( ! ,*ri/ian w>riors4 ,seville1 at ?is p]iod ! c\rt & seat ( ! ,islamite empire1 0 a city calculat$ to defy ! /rategy ( ! mo/ skilful g5]als1 ! val\r ( ! mo/ devot$ m5 at arms4 ,9 =m x w\ld resemble a %ield1 /ret*+ f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/4 ,its head & "r side 7 =m$ by ! walls ) its t[]s1 def5d$ by a b>bican & a moat1 ) eight gates & a n>r[ side entrance4 ,^! gates 7 v]itable =tresses4 ,!y 7 def5d$ by t[]s & ba/ions4 ,_! exits 7 n>r[1 & nev] 9 front2 ! ext]ior passages to ! city _h angles & turn+s1 & v (t5 ! fir/ turn+ op5$ into a squ>e arm$ place1 ) n>r[ doorways at bo? sides4 8,! gates ( ,seville10 says ,morgado1 87 con/ruct$ ( planks ( iron1 fa/5$ on to /rong hides ) /eel bolts4 ,& because x 0 be/ def5d$ on its we/ side by ! riv] ,guadalquivir1 :i* protect$ m ?an half ! city1 ) ! six gates 9 t side1 x 0 ?\ght well to place ! /ronge/ walls & ! be/ =tifi$ t[]s1 ) z _m b>bicans1 & ! wide/ & deepe/ moats on ! o!r side40 ,! left side ( ! %ield boa/$ ! maje/ic curve ( ! riv]1 ! ars5al1 & ano!r s]ies ( walls & gates2 b at ?is "p1 !re 7 no moats nor false entrances1 because x _h ! /rong t[]s ( ! ,aj>afe opposite to def5d x4 ,!re 7 f\r gates on ?is side1 n c\nt+ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>4 ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,san ,,f]n&o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alcaz>4 ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,san ,,f]n&o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,hall ,,9 ,,:i* ,,k+ ,,san ,,f]n&o ,,di$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,b&s4 ,side ( ,ar*es4 t ( ,bib-,ragel1 :i* occupi$ ! nor? angle ( ! city2 &1 9 addition to ^!1 x is believ$ !re 0 a small po/]n1 aft]w>ds call$ ! 8at>azanas10 ?r\gh :i* x is suppos$ t ,axataf1 or 8,sakkf0 8 ,moori% "n1 w5t out to receive ,k+ ,f]d9&1 & to deliv] up ! keys ( ,seville4 ,! old :>f ( ,s>ac5 ,seville came z f> z ?is2 & 9 all ! space1 :i* to-day is call$ ,el ,b>rio de los ,hum]os1 or ! ,*imney ,qu>t]1 ! ,mohamm$ans _h _! ars5al & %ipbuild+ y>d1 :ile ! sailors & fi%]m5 ( ! ,guadalquivir 7 also h\s$ 9 ?is di/rict4 ,! ,gate ( ! ,triana mu/ h be5 9 ! vic9ity2 & ! ,gate ( ,h]cules 0 directly opposite ! ,aj>afe1 :i* 0 also call$ ! ,g>d5 ( ,h]cules4 ,) ! g>d5s & or*>ds ( ! ,mac>5a1 :i* adorn$ x to ! nor?1 ! pla9s & woods ( ,tablada1 :i* suppli$ x ) corn & wood to ! ea/ & s\?1 ) an abundant supply ( fre% wat] br\ght f ,c>mona by ! aqu$uct1 ) ! riv] :i* 0 its pr9cipal comm]cial art]y to ! we/1 ) ! ca/les on ! opposite side ( ! ,guadalquivir1 protect+ ! riv] & its bridge1 & occupy+ all ! heights f ,azalf>a*e ne>ly z f> z ,italica1 ,seville 0 "o ( ! be/ situat$1 be/ suppli$1 be/ def5d$1 & mo/ prosp]\s cities ( ! ,mussulman empire 9 ,&alusia4 ,to attack h] %e mu/ be cut (f f ! ,aj>afe1 & h] bridge ( boats mu/ be tak54 ,x w\ld h be5 useless to desc5d to ,italica & be expos$ to ! assaults ( ! city & ( ,triana1 z long z ! bridge exi/$1 & ?is task 0 ?\ght to be beyond ! p[] & +5uity ( any enemy4 ,! bridge ( boats1 protect$ by a great wood5 *a91 l9k$ by iron r+s1 kept ! communication op5 betwe5 ! city & ! ,aj>afe1 t va/ & f]tile di/rict f :i* ! ,sevillians receiv$ all sorts ( supplies1 & :]e ! ,s>ac5 magnates _h _! c\ntry villas4 ,?is delightful ,g>d5 ( ,h]cules1 9 ^: praise _m ,arab writ]s h exhau/$ ! treasure ( _! ri* & exalt$ imag9ation1 has be5 describ$ 9 ! foll[+ mann] by an anonym\s poet1 9 "s v]ses d$icat$ to ! ,abbadite ,sultan ,almutam$3 8,seville is a "y wid[1 h] husb& is ,abbad1 h] diadem ! ,alj>afe1 h] coll> ! w9d+ riv]40 ,inde$1 says ! poet ,ibn ,saff>1 8! ,alj>afe surpasses 9 beauty & f]tility all ! l&s ( ! _w1 ! oil ( its olives goes ev5 to f> ,alex&ria1 its f>ms & or*>ds are sup]ior to ^? ( o!r c\ntries on acc\nt ( _! ext5sion & conv5i5ce2 &1 always :ite & pure1 !y seem to be s _m />s 9 a sky ( olive g>d5s40 ,travell$ ,arab hi/orians recall ) pleasure ! delights ( ,&alus2 pref]r+ ,seville to ei!r ,baghdad or ,cairo1 say+3 8,! ,alj>afe is a luxuriant wild]ness )\t wild bea/s1 & its ,guadalquivir is a ,nile )\t crocodiles40 ,"o ( ! au?ors1 quot$ by ,el-,makk>i1 gives ! foll[+ exact description ( ! ,alj>afe3 8,x is an imm5se di/rict1 measur+ =ty miles long1 & almo/ z _m broad1 =m$ ( pleas+ hills ( r$di% e>?1 on :i* !re are woods ( olive & fig-trees1 :i* (f] a delici\s %ade to ! travell] 9 ! h\rs ( ! mid-day heat4 ,?is di/rict conta9s a num]\s population1 scatt]$ 9 beautiful f>ms or collect$ 9 villages1 none ( :i* are want+ = m>kets1 clean ba?s1 f9e build+s1 & o!r conv5i5ces1 su* z are usually only to be f\nd 9 cities ( ! fir/ ord]40 ,?is f]tile t]ritory1 :i* ! ,s>ac5s call$ ! 8,or*>d ( ,h]cules10 rose gradually to ! we/ ( ,seville1 aft] /ret*+ along ! "r bank ( ! riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,room ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,alcaz>--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,gall]y ,,f ,,! ,,second ,,floor4 ,its heights 7 cov]$ ) f>mh\ses & hamlets1 z ! ,arab writ] indicates1 :i* =m$1 z x 71 a cont9u\s population1 ri* 9 provisions1 f :i* ,seville usually receiv$ abundant supplies ( all necess>ies4 ,!re 7 f\r pr9cipal villages3 ,aznalf>*e 7to-day1 ,san ,juan de ,alf>a*e71 ,aznalcaz>1 ,aznalcoll>1 & ,soluc> de ,albayda1 /rong wall$ places1 :]e ! ,mohamm$ans collect$ ! rev5ues ( ! di/rict4 ,! fr+e1 =m$ by ! heights ( ! ,alj>afe1 0 giv5 ! "n ( 8,m\nta9 ( ,m]cies0 7,jebl arrahmah7 by ! ,mohamm$ans1 on acc\nt ( its extraord9>y f]tility1 a surpris+ abundance ( figs1 kn[n z 8,al-kuiti0 & 8,a%-%>i10 be+ produc$ !re4 ,! ,sevillians fac$ ! ,*ri/ian attack ) boldness1 br$ ( confid5ce1 & a det]m9ation to /ra9 e n]ve1 & exhau/ e res\rce1 9 repell+ ! invad]s4 ,!y 7 engag+ ^u _! la/ ?r[ = ! sov]eignty ( ,&alusia4 ,f]n&o's w>%ips enc\nt]$ ! ,moori% fleet at ! m\? ( ! ,guadalquivir1 & drove !m f _! position1 & ! infidels collect$ _! =ces to make a la/ /& on l&4 ,b _! /ubborn front 0 brok5 by ! ,*ri/ian ho/1 & ! w>-worn remnant ( ! ,moori% army prep>$ to )/& a siege4 ,ev5 :5 ! bridge ( boats 0 de/roy$1 & all communications ) ! suburb ( ,triana & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 cut (f1 ! ,moors /ill f\ght on )9 ! city walls1 & x 0 n until fifte5 mon?s _h elaps$ t ,seville 0 />v$ into submission4 ,on ! #bcrd ,febru>y1 #abce1 ,f]n&o ent]$ ! city1 & ,abdul ,hassan1 reject+ ! k+'s invitation to become a dep5d5t (fic] ( ! ,spani% ,cr[n1 retir$ ) ?\s&s ( 8 vanqui%$ ,almohades to ,africa4 ,f]n&o's fir/ act 0 to h ! mosque purifi$ = ! celebration ( a high & impos+ ,mass2 he took up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! alcaz>2 divid$ ! ,moori% possessions among 8 knights1 & re/$ 8 army aft] _! long & ardu\s campaign4 ,f\r ye>s lat] he di$ ( dropsy4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ,alfonso ,x41 :o f\nd$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,seville1 devot$ 8 leisure to ! /udy ( poetry1 hi/ory1 & anci5t laws1 & m]it$ ! title ( 8,el ,sabio10 8! ,le>n$40 ,b al?\gh ! beautiful alcaz> appeal$ to ! /udi\s temp]am5t ( 8,el ,sabio10 ! =tress-palace is m closely associat$ ) 8 son1 ,p$ro ,i41 ,p$ro1 8! ,cruel10 ! mo/ r5[n$ ( all ! ,*ri/ian sov]eigns :o rul$ ,&alusia f ,seville4 ,p$ro's "* has be5 made ! /udy ( _m biograph]s & hi/orians1 & he has n be5 )\t 8 lit]>y :itewa%]s1 b ! 8incid5ts0 :i* illum9ate 8 c>e] d n place him 9 a fav\rable light4 ,8 ,bohemianism ende>$ him to ! p1 & a c]ta9 s5se ( ju/ice1 9 cases 9 :i* 8 own int]e/s 7 n conc]n$1 has ga9$ = him ! title ( 8,! ,ju/ici>y40 ,x may be t ! plott+s ( ,albuqu]que1 8 fa!r's *ancellor1 & ! p]fidi\s behavi\r ( 8 relatives1 includ+ 8 own "m1 s]v$ to w>p & embitt] 8 nature2 b he _h no soon]1 at ! in/igation ( 8 mi/ress1 ,m>ia de ,padilla1 tak5 up ! reigns ( gov]nm5t1 ?an he reveal$ ! cruelty & malignity ( 8 "*4 ,leonora de ,guzm>1 ! "m ( ,alfonso's illegitimate son1 ,enrique1 0 done to dea? 9 8 prisons2 ,abu ,said1 ! ,k+ ( ,granada1 0 seiz$ by trea*]y1 robb$1 & execut$2 ,urraca ,osorio1 = refus+ ,p$ro's addresses1 0 burn$ to dea? 9 ! m>ket-squ>e ( ,seville2 8 wife1 ,blan*e ( ,b\rbon1 0 my/]i\sly murd]$2 ,don ,fadrique1 8 half-bro!r1 0 assass9at$ ) ,p$ro's dagg]2 & he himself 0 ev5tually defeat$ ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,giralda4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,giralda ,,t[]4 9 battle by ! troops ( 8 bro!r ,h5ry & ,b]tr& du ,guescl91 & kill$ 9 s+le combat by ,h5ry4 ,p$ro we>i$ ( 8 fir/ wife1 ,blan*e ( ,b\rbon1 9 =ty-eight h\rs2 &1 hav+ _h 8 m>riage annull$1 he esp\s$ ! h&some ,juaa de ,ca/ro1 only to des]t h] a few days lat] to return to 8 beautiful mi/ress1 ,m>ia de ,padilla4 ,?is woman appe>s to h be5 ! only p]son :o inspir$ ,p$ro ) m ?an a transitory passion1 & ! c\rti]s te/ifi$ to ! p[] %e wield$ by *ivalr\sly dr9k+ ! wat]s ( h] ba? 9 ,el ,j>d9 del ,cruc]o4 ,b ,p$ro's passion = 8 mi/ress1 ?\gh la/+1 0 n monopolis+1 & 8 am\rs supply u ) an incid5t :i* reveals at once ! k+'s f]ocity1 8 hum\r1 & 8 alleg$ respect = ju/ice4 ,x 0 8 cu/om at night to muffle himself 9 a cloak & adv5ture alone into ! city 9 que/ ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,on "o ( ^! excursions he enc\nt]$ a hidalgo s]5ad+ a lady1 ^: fav\rs he himself covet$4 ,cloak$ by ! dim light1 & made secure by ! empt9ess ( ! /reet1 ! k+ f\ght & slew 8 rival1 9 defiance ( 8 own ord]1 :i* made /reet fight+ puni%able ^u ! (fic]s ( ! city :5 !y fail$ to br+ ! di/urb]s ( ! peace to ju/ice4 ,he _h n b>ga9$ = ! noise to di/urb ! re/ ( an old lady 9 ! vic9ity2 he _h n obs]v$ a v5]able head protrud+ ?r\gh an upp] w9d[4 ,believ+ ! incid5t to be 8wrapp$ 9 my/]y10 he summon$ ! alcade ( ! city to 8 pres5ce1 acqua9t$ him ) ! fact t ! body ( a hidalgo1 pi]c$ to ! he>t1 _h be5 f\nd 9 ! /reet1 & gave him ! option ( discov]+ ! murd]] )9 =ty-eight h\rs1 or ( be+ hang$ 9 8 /ead4 ,& hang$ he d\btless w\ld h be5 b = ! timely confid5ce ( ! old lady :o _h witness$ ! fight4 ,! alcade came aga9 to ! k+ ) ! news t ! murd]] _h be5 f\nd1 & w\ld be on view ^u ! gall[s )9 ! "t specifi$ by ,p$ro4 ,curi\s to see :o _h be5 secur$ to expiate 8 s91 or eag] to fa/5 a new d]eliction ( duty ^u ! alcade1 ! k+ w5t to ! place ( execution & f\nd1 susp5d$ f ! gall[s1 an effigy ( himself4 8,good10 said ! k+1 8ju/ice has be5 done6 ,i am satisfi$40 ,!re is a /reet 9 ,seville :i* is call$ ! ,calle della ,cabeza del ,rey ,don ,p$ro1 to commemorate ! duel2 & ! alley f :i* ! old lady obs]v$ ! issue is kn[n z ! ,calle del ,c&ilejo1 8! /reet ( ! c&le/ick40 ,! alcaz> ext5ds along ! riv] z f> z ! ,gold5 ,t[]1 built dur+ ! reign ( ,yusuf ,almotacid ,b5 ,nasir1 by ! ,almohadan gov]nor ,abulala4 ,! view ( ,seville1 f ! ,*ri/9a prom5ade1 ! fam\s ?or\ghf>e1 :i* ext5ds f ! palace ( ! ,duke ( ,montp5si] to ! ,gold5 ,t[]1 is a spectacle ( :i* ! ,sevillians nev] tire1 & visitors are nev] we>y ( prais+4 ,! t[] itself1 :i* took its pres5t "n ei!r f ! fact t x held ! gold :i* ! ,spani% %ips br\ght f ,am]ica1 or because ,don ,p$ro secret$ 8 treasures !re1 is octagonal 9 %ape1 ) ?ree rec$+ floors1 cr[n$ ) battlem5ts1 & wa%$ by ! ,guadalquivir4 ,! %imm]+ ,torre del ,oro1 reflect+ its light ^u ! broad bosom ( ! rose-col\r$ riv] b5ea? ! sett+ sun1 has inspir$ poets & pa9t]s ( e age & nationality4 ,george ,borr[ believes x probable t x d]iv$ its "n f ! fact t ! beams ( ! sett+ sun focuss$ ^u x makes x appe> to be built ( pure gold2 & !n1 c>ri$ away by ! lovel9ess ( ! picture1 he cries3 8,cold1 cold mu/ ! he>t be :i* c rema9 ins5sible to ! beauties ( ?is magic ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,ornam5ts on ,panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos4 sc5e1 to d ju/ice to :i* ! p5cil ( ,claude himself 7 b>ely equal4 ,(t5 h ,i %$ te>s ( rapture :il/ ,i beheld x1 & li/5$ to ! ?ru% & ! night+ale pip+ =? _! melodi\s songs 9 ! woods1 & inhal$ ! breeze lad5 ) ! p]fume ( ! ?\s& orange g>d5s ( ,seville40 ,( ! great mosque ( ,seville1 :i* 0 built by ,abu ,yakub ,yusuf 9 #aaga1 & complet$ by ! addition ( ! t[] 9 #aaif by 8 son1 only ! b>e/ traces n[ rema94 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :o really design$ ! fam\s ,t[]1 n[ call$ ! ,giralda2 b hi/orians fav\r ! claims ( ! r5[n$ ar*itect1 ^: "n is v>i\sly spelt ,gev]1 ,hev]1 or ,djabir1 & :o is errone\sly suppos$ to h be5 ! inv5tor ( algebra4 ,9 its orig9al /ate ?is /ructure 0 an imm5se & /ately pile1 plann$ on ! model ( ! mosque ( ,cordova1 & decorat$ ) lavi% magnific5ce4 ,9 #abce x 0 d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ,god & ! ,virg91 b x reta9$ all its ,moori% *>act]i/ics until #adja4 ,! ,moors w\ld h de/roy$ ! build+ & ! beautiful ,muezz9 t[] be=e x fell into ! h&s ( ,san ,f]n&o's soldi]s1 & ?us save _! sacr$ temple f desecration by ! 8infidels10 b ! k+'s son1 ,alonso 8el ,sabio10 ?reat5$ to visit su* spoliation ^u ! g>rison by sack+ ! city4 ,?is ?reat _h ! desir$ effect1 & = ne>ly two c5turies ! religi\s _s ( ,seville f\nd expression 9 a temple :i* _h be5 built to ! glory ( ,allah4 ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! mosque 0 raz$ to ! gr\nd1 & ,seville ca!dral began to take t huge & spl5did =m :i*1 9 ! words ( ! pi\s orig9ators1 0 to inspire succe$+ g5]ations ) ! idea t its design]s 7 mad4 ,x 0 to be ! greate/ ca!dral 9 ,spa91 & x end$ 9 be+ second only to t ( ,cordova1 b /ill ! ?ird l>ge/ ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ! _w4 ,its area ( #abe1jjj squ>e feet is #ce1jjj squ>e feet less ?an ,cordova ca!dral1 & #aje1jjj squ>e feet less ?an ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome2 b x is #ae1jjj squ>e feet great] ?an t ( ,milan ,ca!dral1 & great] by #da1jjj squ>e feet ?an ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,london4 ,! ,moors1 9 build+ _! mosque1 employ$ ! rema9s ( ru9$ ,roman & ,go?ic /ructures1 & ! ,spani>ds 9 #adja us$ ! ,arab f\ndations 9 ! con/ruction ( _! ca!dral1 :ile ! ,moori% t[] 0 pres]v$ to d duty z a spire4 ,9 its orig9al =m ! ,giralda 0 only #bej feet high1 ! additional #ajj feet :i* =ms ! belfry be+ add$ by ,f]n&o ,ruiz 9 #aefg4 ,9 #aejf ! ca!dral 0 complet$4 ,five ye>s lat] ! dome collaps$1 & 0 re-erect$ by ,juan ,gil de ,hontanon4 ,ext5sive re/oration "w 0 c>ri$ out 9 #ahhb1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,cassova2 b six ye>s aft] ?is "w 0 complet$1 ! dome aga9 gave way1 & workm5 h be5 con/antly employ$ ev] s9ce 9 recon/ruct+ ?is "p ( ! va/ build+4 ,accord+ to ,contr]as1 ! ,giralda is ! mo/ expressive monum5t ( ! ,mohamm$an dom9ion2 &1 despite all t has be5 said ( its ,moori% /ructure & primitive ,african /yle1 x is 9 8 op9ion a p]fect "w ( ,arab art4 ,! con/ruction is ant]ior by f\r c5turies1 at lea/1 to t ( any t[] ( ,granadian ar*itecture su* z t :i* to-day belongs to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john ( ! ,k+s1 b !re is n ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 ! mann] ( _! ornam5tation1 & ! rhomboids ( pa9t$ bricks1 ! fe/oons ( t]ra cotta1 ! w9d[s ) d\ble ar*es1 foll[+ ! segm5ts ( a circle1 pres5t all ! v>iety ( ! alcaz> ( ,granada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,ornam5ts on ,panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos--,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,by ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos--,,*apel4 8,"h "o sees pla9ly10 ,contr]as says1 8! orig9 ( ! sup]pos$ ar* ( ! belv$]e ( ,l9d>aja ( ! ,alhambra1 ( ! hang+ ar* ( ! ?ree entrances ( ! ,lions' ,c\rt1 ( ! fe/oons ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,f\nta91 & ( all ^? =ms1 s delicate & s luxuri\s1 t !y are )\t equal 9 ar*itecture4 ,x is 9 ! ,giralda t "o f9ds ! beg9n+ ( truly decorative art4 ,built ( v>ni%$ bricks1 ) a /\t con/ruction1 z is dem&$ by ! faade ( a v high t[]1 x is to be regrett$ t su* a beautiful edifice %\ld be cr[n$ by s /range a body z its gild$ frontages & pa9t$ porcela9s40 ,) ! exception ( ! ,giralda1 & "p ( ! l[] portions ( ! walls1 ! ,moori% rema9s t are to be recognis$ 9 ! ca!dral are few & n rem>kable4 ,! ,pu]ta del ,p]don 9 ! ,calle de ,alemanes 0 recon/ruct$ by ,alfonso ,,xi41 aft] ! victory ( ,salado1 & ! plat]esque ornam5tations 7 add$ by ,b>tolome ,lopez ab\t #aebb4 ,b al?\gh ! bronze-cov]$ doors h be5 disfigur$ by pa9t1 _! ,moori% "* is /ill di/9ctly traceable4 ,?r\gh ! gateway we ent] ! old ,moori% c\rty>d1 ! ,patio de los ,n>anjas 7,c\rt ( ,oranges71 robb$ ( its =m] gr&eur1 b /ill di/+ui%$ by its beautiful ,arabic f\nta91 ) an octagonal bas91 :i* occupies ! c5tre ( ! c\rt4 ,f ?is spot we get a spl5did view ( ! ca!dral & ! massive yet delicate ,giralda t[]1 :i* has be5 decl>$ to be ev5 m to ,seville ?an ,giotto's ,campanile is to ,flor5ce1 or t ( ,/4 ,m>k's to ,v5ice4 8,long be=e ! travell] rea*es ! city10 writes an imag9ative admir]1 8! ,giralda seems to beckon him onw>ds to 8 promis$ l&2 dur+ all 8 p]egr9ations ?r\gh ! intricate /reets & lanes x is 8 tru/$ guide1 always ready to s]ve him1 so>+ z x does f> above all surr\nd+s1 x is a ?+ ( unfail+ beauty & int]e/ z day by day he passes & repasses x1 or w&]s ab\t its prec9cts2 x tells him ev5 af> (f1 h[ ! day moves on1 & h[ ! night2 & x dwells 9 8 ?\ghts ! faire/ memory ( 8 soj\rn+s 9 ! que5 ( ! ,s\!rn cities40 ,f ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges to ! ,giralda ! way leads ?r\gh ! ,capilla de la ,granada ( ! ca!dral4 ,a solit>y horse%oe ar* rem9ds u ( ! ,moori% orig9 ( ! build+2 & ! huge elephant's tusk susp5d$ f ! ro(1 a bridle t tradition decl>es belong$ to ! ,cid's /e$1 & a /uff$ crocodile1 are ,ori5tal r ?an ,*ri/ian relics4 ,& ! ,giralda1 9 spite ( its add$ belfry--its surm\nt+ figure symbolic ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?--& ! fact t x is "u ! special patronage ( ! two ,santas ,ju/a & ,ruf9a1 8:o are mu* rev]$ at ,seville10 is /ill a ,moori% monum5t4 ,at its base ! t[] is a squ>e ( fifty feet1 & x rises by a s]ies ( /ages1 or cu]pos1 :i* are nam$ aft] ! ar*itecture1 decoration or use = :i* !y are design$4 ,at ! ,cu]po de ,campanas is hung a peal ( bells1 ( :i* ! l>ge/1 ,santa ,m>ia1 eighte5 tons 9 weight1 & ref]r$ to 9 ! v]nacul> z 8! plump10 0 set up 9 #aehh by ! ord] ( ! ,ar*bi%op ,don ,gonzola de ,m5a1 at a co/ ( t5 ?\s& ducats4 ,above1 we come to ! cu]po ( ! ,azuc5as1 or :ite lilies1 ) :i* x is embelli%$2 &1 go+ /ill high]1 we rea* ,el ,cu]po del ,reloj1 ! clock-t[]1 9 :i* 0 erect$1 9 #adjj1 ! fir/ t[]-clock ev] made 9 ,spa94 ,portions ( ?is old timepiece 7 employ$ by ! ,monk ,jose ,cord]o 9 mak+1 9 #agfe1 ! clock :i* is work+ to ?is day4 ,! belfry1 :i* is ! home ( a colony ( pigeons & hawks1 is girdl$ ) a motto f ! prov]b1 8,nom5 ,dom9i =tissima turris0--78,! "n ( ! ,"l is a /rong t[]407 ,! ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,pilatos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xl4 ,ornam5ts on ,panels4 ,moori% summit 0 cr[n$ ) f\r braz5 balls1 s l>ge t 9 ord] to get !m into ! build+ x 0 necess>y to remove ! key/one ( a door call$ ! ,gate ( ! ,muezz91 lead+ f ! mosque to ! int]ior ( ! t[]4 ,! iron b>1 :i* support$ ! balls1 weigh$ ab\t t5 cwt41 & ! :ole 0 ca/ by a celebrat$ al*emi/1 a ,sicilian1 nam$ ,abu ,ley?1 at a co/ ( #ej1jjj /]l+4 ,^! p>ticul>s 7 set d[n by a ,mohamm$an writ] ( ! p]iod1 & _! accuracy 0 prov$ 9 #acie 7#aeg ye>s aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,arab dom9ion71 :5 ! e>?quake ?rew ! entire me*anism1 balls & supports1 to ! gr\nd1 :]e !y 7 weigh$1 & ! figures 7 f\nd to be absolutely correct4 ,! figure ( ,la ,f1 8,! ,fai?10 :i* n[ tops ! ,giralda1 0 ca/ by ,b>tolom ,morel 9 #aefh4 ,x /&s f\rte5 feet high1 & weighs tw5ty-five cwts41 yet s wond]ful is ! workman%ip t x turns ) e brea? ( ! w9d4 ,! head ( ! female figure is cr[n$ ) a ,roman helmet1 ! "r h& be>s ! ,lab>o1 or bann]1 ( ,con/ant9e1 & 9 ! left x holds out a palm bran*1 symbolical ( conque/4 ,b :5 we return f ?is 8/range composite fane10 ) its ,*ri/ian summit surm\nt+ a ,moslem t[]1 :i* aga9 has its f\ndations 9 a ,roman temple1 :5 we re-cross ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges1 ) its ,moori% f\nta91 flank$ by a ,*ri/ian pulpit1 & ent] ! ca!dral1 ! m9d is transport$ at a b\nd f ! fairy-l beauties ( ,morisco ornam5tation to ! sombre1 awe-inspir+ maje/y1 :i* prompt$ ,!ophile ,gauti] to ! reflection t 8! mo/ extravagant & mon/r\sly prodigi\s ,h9doo pagodas are n to be m5tion$ 9 ! same c5tury z ! ,ca!dral ( ,seville4 ,x is a m\nta9 scoop$ out1 a valley turn$ topsy-turvy2 ,notre ,dame1 at ,p>is1 might walk erect 9 ! middle nave1 :i* is ( frightful height2 pill>s z l>ge r\nd z t[]s1 & :i* appe> s sl5d] t !y make y %udd]1 rise out ( ! gr\nd1 or desc5d f ! vault$ ro(1 l /alactites 9 a giant's grotto40 ,lomas1 :o f9ds ! ext]ior ( ! ca!dral 8simply b5ea? criticism10 & deplores t 8age aft] age a great b& ( glorifi]s ( self1 ?r\gh self's h&iwork1 %\ld h be5 employ$ 9 produc+ :at !y det]m9$ %\ld be a _w's m>vel10 is compell$ to admit t 8! fir/ view ( ! int]ior is "o ( ! supreme mom5ts ( a lifetime4 ,! glory & maje/y ( x are almo/ t]rible4 ,no o!r build+1 surely1 is s =tunate z ?is 9 :at may be call$ its pres5ce40 ,ev5 ,george ,borr[1 :o ?\ght m ( 8 belov$ te/am5ts ?an ( ,spani% monum5ts erect$ to 8! spiritual tyranny ( ! ,c\rt ( ,rome10 0 feign to decl>e t x is impossible to w&] ?r\gh ! ca!dral ( ,seville 8)\t exp]i5c+ s5sations ( sacr$ awe & deep a/oni%m5t02 & ,cav$a describes ! g5]al effect z 8truly maje/ic40 ,! ,italian rhapsodi/1 ,edmondo de ,amicis1 :o always succe$s 9 convey+ a /rik+ly conv9c+ impression ( ! spectacles t fasc9ate 8 s5sitive m9d1 is at 8 be/ 9 8 description ( ,seville ca!dral4 8,at y\r fir/ entrance10 he says1 8y are bewild]$1 y feel z if y are w&]+ 9 an abyss1 & = sev]al mom5ts y d no?+ b glance ar\nd y 9 t imm5se space1 almo/ z if to assure y\rself t y\r eyes are n deceiv+ y1 nor y\r fancy play+ y "s trick4 ,!n y approa* "o ( ! pill>s1 measure x1 & look at ! m di/ant ones1 :i*1 ?\gh z l>ge z t[]s1 appe> s sl5d] t x makes y tremble to ?9k t ! build+ is re/+ ^u !m4 ,y trav]se !m ) ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xli4 ,ornam5ts on ,panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,m$9a-,c,,li4 a glance f floor to ceil+1 & x seems z if y c\ld almo/ c\nt ! mom5ts x w\ld take = ! eye to climb !m4 ,!re are five aisles1 ea* "o ( :i* might =m a *ur*4 ,9 ! c5tre "o1 ano!r ca!dral1 ) its cupola & bell t[]1 c\ld easily /&4 ,all ( !m toge!r =m sixty-eight bold vault$ ceil+s1 :i* seem to exp& & rise sl[ly z y look at !m4 ,e ?+ is enorm\s 9 ?is ca!dral4 ,! pr9cipal *apel1 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! great nave1 & almo/ high en\gh to t\* ! ceil+1 looks l a *apel built = giant prie/s1 to ^: knees ! ord9>y alt>s w\ld n rea*4 ,! pas*al c&le seems l ! ma/ ( a %ip1 & ! bronze c&le/ick :i* holds x1 l ! pill>s ( a *ur*4 ,! *oir is a museum ( sculpture & *isell+4 ,! *apels are wor?y ( ! *ur*1 = !y conta9 ! ma/]pieces ( sixty-sev5 sculptors & ?irty-eight pa9t]s4444 ,! *apel ( ,san ,f]d9&1 :i* conta9s ! sepul*res ( ?is k+ & 8 wife ,beatrice1 ( ,alonso ! ,wise1 ! celebrat$ m9i/]1 ,florida ,blanca1 & o!r illu/ri\s p]sonages1 is "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful ( all4 ,! body ( ,f]d9&1 :o r$eem$ ,seville f ! dom9ion ( ! ,arabs1 clo!d 9 8 uni=m1 ) cr[n & mantle1 re/s 9 a cry/al casket1 cov]$ ) a veil4 ,on "o side1 is 8 sword :i* he c>ri$ on ! day ( 8 entrance into ,seville2 on ! o!r1 a /aff ( cane1 an emblem ( comm&4 ,9 t same *apel is pres]v$ a little ivory ,virg91 :i* ! holy k+ c>ri$ to w> ) him1 & o!r relics ( great value40 ,& "h also1 al?\gh ,de ,amicis makes no m5tion ( !m1 are ! keys ( ,seville :i* ,abdul ,hassan h&$ to ,f]d9& at ! surr5d] ( ! city4 ,"o key is ( silv]1 & be>s ! inscription1 8,may ,allah grant t ,islam may rule = ev] 9 ?is city40 ,! o!r key is made ( iron gilt1 & is ( ,mudej> workman%ip4 ,x is inscrib$1 8,! ,k+ ( ,k+s w op52 ! ,k+ ( ! ,e>? w ent]40 ,9 its *ur*es & its old h\ses1 ,seville is ri* 9 ,moori% influ5ces1 & exhibits abundant traces ( ,morisco art1 :i* prevail$ aga9/ ! mat]ial dom9ancy ( ! ,*ri/ian conqu]ors4 ,! reconcil$ ,arabs :o rema9$ z subjects ( ,f]d9& became ! *ief ( ! mo/ lavi%ly-remun]at$ artisans ( ! city4 ,!y pursu$ _! craft 9 ! dwell+s ( ! ri*2 & 9 ! *ur*es ( ! 8infidel40 ,untrammell$ by religion & un9spir$ by fai?1 !y work$ = art's sake1 & ! sub/antial pecuni>y aw>d t sweet5$ _! lab\rs4 ,! *ur* ( ,san ,m>co has a beautiful ,moori% t[] built 9 imitation ( ! ,giralda1 & second only to ! m9>et t[] ( ! ca!dral 9 po9t ( height2 ,san ,gil is a ,*ri/ianis$ ,mezquita2 ,santa ,catal9a reveals ! survival ( ,moori% art 9 its faade1 :ile its pr9cipal *apel is ,go?ic4 ,9 ne>ly all ! sacr$ edifices ( antiquity ! comb9ation ( ,moori% & ,r5aissance ar*itecture betrays an incongruity ( /yle & s5tim5t :i* is only to be f\nd among ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es ( ,spa94 ,& if ! ,ca?olic k+s1 :o 7 sworn to ! extirpation ( ! ,moslems1 all[$ ! ,moors to build _! *ur*es 9 ! /yle ( temples devot$ to ,allah1 x is n surpris+ t _m ( ! f9e/ private resid5ces ( ! city reta9 a ,moori% design1 & possess a di/9ctly ,ori5tal atmosph]e4 ,! ,casa de ,pilatos1 :i* has be5 pron\nc$ ! f\r? great monum5t ( old] ,seville1 0 comm5c$ 9 #aejj by ,don ,p$ro ,enriquez1 9 ! !n popul> decad5t ,s>ac5ic /yle1 & 0 complet$ by 8 son1 ,fadrique1 9 imitation ( ,pilate's palace at ,j]usalem4 ,9 accordance ) ?is s*eme1 he fa%ion$ a reception-hall1 call$ ! ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlii4 ,frieze 9 ! ,upp] ,*amb]1 ,h\se ( ,san*ez4 ,prtorium1 erect$ an upright column--a gift ( ,pope ,pius ,v4--copi$ f ! pill> at :i* ,*ri/ 0 sc\rg$1 & made a replica ( ! bas9 into :i* ! ?irty pieces ( silv] 7 c\nt$4 ,:5 ! h\se came into ! possession ( ! fir/ ,duke ( ,alcal1 he 0 act+ z ! ,spani% vic]oy at ,naples1 & he fill$ ! rooms & corridors ) ,roman bu/s & /atu>y1 ga!r$ f ,italy & ! ru9s ( ,italica4 ,on e side ! art treasures ( ! ,romans adorn ! p]fect ,moori% colonnades1 & ! %ad[s ( ,roman sculptures are ?r[n ^u diap]$ m>ble pavem5ts f light t ent]s ?r\gh ,arab lattices & ajimez w9d[s4 ,x has be5 describ$ z a great curiosity %op1 b to ! art lov] x is a treasure h\se ( almo/ inf9ite beauty & v>iety4 ,! ,moori% palace ( ! ,duke de ,alba1 9 ! ,calle de las ,duez1 once consi/$ ( elev5 c\rty>ds1 n9e f\nta9s1 & m ?an a hundr$ m>ble pill>s1 & 0 surr\nd$ by a g>d51 :i* is a =e/ ( orange trees & myrtles4 ,9 ,seville "o w&]s ?r\gh /reets :i* are r$ol5t ( ,arabia1 & peep into c\ntless ,ori5tal patios1 cool ) f\nta9s1 & %ad$ by palms & ,ea/]n canopies4 ,"o 8feels ! ,ea/ a-call+0--! col\r1 ! sc5t1 ! wit*]y ( x gets into "o's blood--& "o recognises ! tru? t inspir$ ! old ,spani% say+3 8,to :om ,god loves ,he gives a h\se 9 ,seville40 ,,tol$o ,tol$an hi/ory prop]1 z di/+ui%$ f ! mixture ( fable & tradition :i* are associat$ ) ! /ory ( ?is anci5t & royal city1 dates f ! invasion ( ! ,go?s4 ,tol$o 0 old :5 ,euric successfully scal$ its sev5 rocks & /orm$ its battlem5ts--h[ old1 _c be det]m9$4 ,leg5d claims t ! t[n 0 9 exi/5ce :5 ,god made ! sun2 less exalt$ imag9ation dates its f\ndation no fur!r back ?an ! days ( ,tubal1 ! gr&son ( ,noah4 ,alphonsus1 8! ,le>n$10 & ,diego ,mossem ,val]a1 ! hi/orian ( ,isabel ! ,ca?olic1 agree t x 0 built by ,pyrrhus1 ! son-9-law ( ,k+ ,hispan1 & a capta9 ( ! army ( ,cyrus4 ,h]cules has be5 claim$ z ! fa!r ( ,tol$o by ,rufo ,fe/o ,avi5o1 & ,f]ecio1 "o ( ! companions ( ,ulysses1 is held by "s to h retreat$ to ?is spot to escape ! blood-v5geance ( t little b& ( ,greek adv5tur]s4 ,o!r leg5ds decl>e ! city to be ( ,jewi% orig92 & its build]s1 ! ,judians1 :o fl$ f ,j]usalem be=e ! victori\s ho/s ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,don ,rodrigo ,jim5ez de ,rada discov]s ! f\nd]s ( ,tol$o 9 ,tolemon & ,brutus1 two ,roman consuls 9 ! reign ( ,ptolemy ,ev]getes1 & m reasonable supposition fav\rs ! !ory t x 0 fir/ settl$ by nomadic ,celtic %eph]ds1 :o =sook _! flocks to erect walls & =tifications on ! rocky em95ce above ! ,tagus4 ,! little t is kn[n ( ! orig9 & beg9n+ ( ,tol$o2 ! v my/]y & obscurity ( its e>lie/ days1 is accept$ by ! old hi/orian1 ,alcoc]1 z a pro( ( its antiquity & nobility4 ,rais1 ! ,moori% writ]1 says t ,tago1 at ,tol$o1 0 "o ( ! elev5 gov]nors ( ,c>petania4 ,tago 0 f\lly murd]$ by ,hasdrubal1 ! successor ( ,hamilc>1 & ! assass9ation ( ,hasdrubal 0 foll[$ by s det]m9$ an insurrection t ev5 ,hannibal 0 =c$ to retreat be=e ! infuriat$ ,c>petanians4 ,b ,hannibal retreat$1 only to return ) a re9=c$ army1 & break ,c>petania b5ea? ! might ( ,c>?ag5ian rule4 ,9 #aia ,b4,c41 aft] ! fall ( ,c>?age1 ,hil]mo surr5d]$ ,tol$o to ! ,roman =ces1 "u ,m>cus ,fulvius ,nobilior4 ,b ,tol$o held itself sull5ly & haughtily alo( f ! affairs ( ,rome4 ,viriate & ,caius ,plancius might cut ea* o!r's ?roats on ! banks ( ! ,tagus2 ,s]torius might nurse 8 hates )9 ! city2 ,cs> & ,pompey might be lock$ 9 a dea? /ruggle--^? ?+s matt]$ no?+ to ! contemptu\s & indep5d5t ,tol$ans4 ,! ,go? 0 ! fir/ real conqu]or ( ,tol$o2 & ! city1 outwe>+ ! sc>s ( ,rome1 & ?r[+ (f ! m>ks ( ! ,moors1 is1 to-day1 z insi/5tly ,go?ic z ,cordova & ,seville are unmi/akably ,moori%4 ,"o sees ,tol$o f ! di/ance1 f ! bridges1 & f ! he>t ( ! city1 & recognises t x is z x has always be5--t x w g d[n into ! tomb ( ! c5turies un*ang$4 ,x grew 8out ( ! night ( ages0--its rocky ?rone has defi$ ! ravages ( "t & ! trans=m+ +5uity ( man4 ,maurice ,b>rs1 :o has felt ! maje/y & melan*oly ( ?is gaunt monum5t ( m$ivalism1 writes3 8,! l&scape ( ,tol$o1 & ! banks ( ! ,tagus1 are among/ ! sadde/ & mo/ ard5t ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,:oev] lives "h has ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliii4 ,cornice at ,spr++ ( ,ar*es 9 a ,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,la ,,blanca--,,int]ior1 #aajj-aaef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliv4 ,panels on ,walls4 no ne$ to consid] ! grave y\?1 ! #8,p5s]oso1' ( ! ,m$icis ,*apel2 he may also d )\t ! biography & ! #8,p5ses' ( ,blaise ,pascal4 ,) ! v s5tim5t realis$ by ^! great solit>y works he w be fill$1 if he b give himself up to ! tragic fi]c5ess ( ! magnific5ces 9 ru9s ^u ^! high rocks4 ,tol$o1 on its hillside1 ) ! t9y half circle ( ! ,tagus at its feet1 has ! col\r1 ! r\ghness1 ! haughty pov]ty ( ! si]ra on :i* x is built1 & ^: /rong articulations f ! v fir/ produce an impression ( en]gy & passion4 ,x is less a t[n1 a noisy affair yield+ to ! commodities ( life1 ?an a significant spot = ! s\l4 ,b5ea? a crude illum9ation1 :i* gives to ea* l9e ( its ru9s a vig\r1 a cle>ness1 by :i* ! lea/ en]getic *>act]s acquire backbone1 at ! same "t x is my/]i\s1 ) its ca!dral spr++ t[>ds ! sky1 its alcaz>s & palaces1 t only take sight f _! invisible patios4 ,?us1 secret & inflexible1 9 ?is h>%1 ov]heat$ l&1 ,tol$o appe>s l an image ( exaltation 9 solitude1 a cry 9 ! des]t40 ,grim1 au/]e1 & =bidd+ is ! g5]al type ( ! ,go?ic "*2 ! hi/ory ( _! k+s 9 ,spa9 is a long /ory ( m5ace1 blood%$1 & p]secution2 & t hi/ory cov]s ,tol$o z ) a suit ( batt]$ mail4 ,*ri/ianity )\t ! practice ( ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 val\r divorc$ f m]cy1 p[] disjo9$ f ju/ice--! religion1 ! might & maje/y ( ! ,go?ic sov]eigns1 is a record ( gloomy & rev5geful despotism4 ,h]m5gildo1 ! ,go?ic sa9t1 us$ 8 religion z an excuse = attempt+ to wre/ ! ?rone ( ,tol$o f 8 fa!r1 ,leovigildo1 :om he d5\nc$ z a m9i/] ( ! devil2 ,rec>$o1 :o has be5 pa9t$ by hi/orians z a model ( all ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 practic$ a rigor\s sy/em ( cruelty & v9dictive bigotry2 & 8 successors 7 notori\s = _! que] morality1 & _! p]secution ( ! ,jews4 ,yet ,san ,ildephonso1 ! mo/ fam\s ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o "u ! ,go?s1 has enri*$ ! hi/ory ( ,spa9 ) _m spl5did fables ( heav5ly manife/ations2 & ! piece he cut f ! veil ( a visit+ sa9t1 & ! *asuble1 ) :i* ! ,virg9 inve/$ him ) h] own h&s1 are /ill display$ among ! treasures ( ,tol$o ca!dral4 ,! figures ( ,wamba & ,rodrigo--! w>rior k+ :o 0 (f]$ ! alt]native ( ! cr[n ( ,tol$o1 or ! ?ru/ ( a ,tol$an dagg]1 & 8! ,la/ ( ! ,go?s0--/& out ) dom9at+ prom95ce on ! /age ( ,go?ic hi/ory1 on :i* w>riors & prie/s are ! pr9cipal actors4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,go?ic prie/hood has be5 describ$ z ! 8h>de/1 meane/1 & brutalle/ imag9able10 & ! ,go?ic w>riors z m5 :o 7 nev] o!r ?an savage tyrants1 :o 8ap$ a culture :i* !y c\ld n und]/&1 & ) ^: aims & t5d5cies _! inmo/ "* 0 p[]less to sympa?ise40 ,^! are ! p :o gave ,tol$o its "*1 a "* :i* ! art-ador+ ,arabs 7 unable to *ange or ev5 to greatly modify4 ,x is s important to und]/& ! influ5ce :i* 0 at "w 9 ! creation ( ! ,tol$an "*1 ! atmosph]e 9 :i* x 0 re>$1 & ! discipl9e "u :i* x develop$1 t ,i make no excuse = quot+ ! foll[+ illum9at+ appreciation ( ! ,go?ic nature f ,mr4 ,leon>d ,williams' *apt] on ,tol$o3 8,orig9ally b>b>ic 9 _! f]ocity1 ! ,go?s became z _! dom9ation approa*$ its inevitable end1 b>b>ic 9 _! effem9acy4 ,s1 too1 ) _! religi\s beliefs4 ,except+ ! cl]gy1 :o 7 m5 ( "s education & unlimit$ unscrupul\sness1 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlv4 ,f "o ( ! c5tre ar*es4 ,f ! entrance to ! ,divan4 ,sp&rils ( ,ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,blood4 ! ,*ri/ian ,visigo? 0 e :it z b>b>ic z ! hea!n2 b>b>ic1 ei!r 9 8 viol5t fanaticism1 or else 9 8 total lack ( individuality1 & idiotic acquies5ce 9 ! s*emes ( a design+ prie/hood4 ,an int]m$iate type 0 :olly1 or almo/ :olly1 want+1 & !re is little to *oose betwe5 ,leovigildo1 ! ignorant & cruel desp]ado1 & 8 meek successor1 ,rec>$o1 ! unresi/+ prey ( ! ambiti\s metropolitan ( ,tol$o4444 ,! morals ( ! ,visigo?s 7 on a p> ) _! ref9em5t & _! mode ( liv+4 ,s]fdom 0 ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! commons2 arrogance ( ! nobility2 av>ice & ambition ( temporal p[] ( ! cl]gy2 regicide & tumult ( ! ,cr[n4 ,x is cle> t a p1 disunit$ 9 ?is mann]1 c\ld nev] h ex]cis$ a long supremacy 9 any case2 & de/9y1 or *ance1 precipitat$ _! d[nfall by ! arrival ( ! "o-ey$ ,t>ik & 8 ho/1 & ! defeat ( #8! ,la/ ( ! ,go?s1' beside ! memory-haunt$ osi]s ( ! ,guadalete40 ,arrogance1 av>ice1 ambition1 regicide1 tumult--"h we h ! di/+ui%+ qualities ( ! nobles1 ! prie/s1 & ! k+s ( ,tol$o "u ! ,go?ic rule4 ,! sov]eigns & ! nobles /amp$ _! p]sonality ^u ! city1 & 7 !mselves m\ld$ & dom9at$ by ! prie/s4 ,! prie/ly influ5ce 9 ,spa9 has ev] be5 = au/]ity & he>tless magnific5ce2 x has ev] s\ght to impress by fe> & sup]/ition4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,go?s1 ,*ri/ianity develop$ ?r\gh ! increas+ p[] ( ! bi%ops4 ,! ,*ur* 0 t]rible & =bidd+2 ! nobility 0 arrogant & cruel2 ! mon>*y 0 tyrannical & despotic4 ,hallam dismisses ! consid]ation ( ! ,visigo?s 9 a s5t5ce3 8,i hold10 he says1 8! annals ( b>b>ians s unwor?y ( remembrance t ,i w n deta9 ! read] by nam+ "o sov]eign ( t obscure race40 ,b1 "u ^? sov]eigns1 & by ! h&s ( t obscure race1 ,tol$o 0 e/abli%$ ^u its rocky em95ce1 & x be>s its "* on its face to-day1 z x did 9 ! op5+ qu>t] ( ! eigh? c5tury1 :5 ! "o-ey$ ,t>ik ent]$ its melan*oly1 des]t$ /reets4 ,! plund] t fell to ! ,moori% invad] is v>i\sly report$1 b all acc\nts are agre$ t x 0 beyond calculation4 ,accord+ to ! le>n$ ,mohamm$an au?or1 ,al-ley? ,ibn ,said1 ! spoils 7 s abundant t ! rank & file ( ! army all %>$ 9 ! rew>ds1 & x 0 a common ?+ = ! humble/ b[m5 to be possess$ ( co/ly robes1 magnific5t gold *a9s ( exquisite workman%ip1 & /r+s ( mat*less pe>ls1 rubies1 & em]alds4 ,s great1 9 _m in/ances1 0 ! gre$ = plund]1 & s grossly ignorant 7 ! ,b]b]s ( ! value ( ! spoil1 t :5ev] a p>ty ( !m happ5$ ^u a ri* fabric1 !y did n hesitate to cut x up betwe5 !m1 )\t reg>d to its wor? or workman%ip4 ,x is record$ t two ,b]b]s secur$ a sup]b c>pet1 compos$ ( ! mo/ spl5did embroid]y1 int]wov5 ) gold1 & ornam5t$ ) filigree "w ( ! pure/ gold1 ) pe>ls & o!r gems4 ,! m5 c>ri$ x = a:ile betwe5 !m1 b1 f9d+ ?is me?od ( conveyance cumb]some1 !y c>v$ ! gem-encru/$ fabric 9 twa9 ) _! swords4 ,9 ?is fa%ion1 ma/]pieces ( art 7 he$lessly de/roy$ = ! sake ( ! raw mat]ial ( :i* !y 7 compos$4 ,among ! preci\s objects seiz$ 9 ! palace & *ur* ( ,tol$o 7 tw5ty-five gold5 & jewell$ cr[ns--! cr[ns ( ! diff]5t ,go?ic k+s :o _h reign$ 9 ,spa9--! psalms ( ,david1 writt5 ^u gold leaf 9 wat] made ( dissolv$ rubies1 vases fill$ ) preci\s /ones1 quantities ( robes ( clo? ( gold & ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,sp&rils ( ,ar*es4 tissue1 tunics ( e v>iety ( co/ly skirts & sat9s1 magnific5t suits ( *a9 arm\r & mail inlaid ) jewels1 & jewel-/udd$ swords & dagg]s1 weapons ( e description1 & ,solomon's em]ald table1 wr\ght 9 burni%$ silv] & gold4 8,?is table10 says ! ,arabian *ronicl]1 80 ! mo/ beautiful ?+ ev] se51 ) its gold5 vases & plates ( a preci\s gre5 /one1 & ?ree coll>s ( rubies1 em]alds1 & pe>ls40 ,o!r ,arabian hi/orians h claim$ t x 0 compos$ ( a solid em]ald1 & !y are practically agre$ t x 0 br\ght to ,tol$o aft] ! sack+ ( ,j]usalem1 & t x 0 valu$ 9 ,damascus at a hundr$ ?\s& d9>s--ab\t #ej1jjj4 ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 :o inv>iably goes ! :ole hog :5 deal+ ) leg5d>y hi/ory1 says t ?is 8ine/imable table0 0 compos$ 8( "o s+le & entire em]ald1 & possess$ talismanic p[]s2 = tradition affirms t x 0 ! "w ( g5ii1 & _h be5 wr\ght by !m = ,k+ ,solomon ! ,wise1 ! son ( ,david4 ,?is m>vell\s relic 0 c>efully pres]v$ by ,t>ik1 z ! mo/ preci\s ( all 8 spoils1 be+ int5d$ by him z a pres5t to ! khalif2 &1 9 commemoration ( x1 ! city 0 call$ by ! ,arabs1 ,m$9a ,almeyda2 t is to say1 #8,! ,city ( ! ,table4'0 ,b ! hi/orian1 ,ibnu ,hayyau1 ! greatly tru/$ au?ority ( ,el-,makk>i1 gives1 9 ! translation ( ,don ,pascual de ,gayangos1 ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is article ( virtue3 8,! celebrat$ table :i* ,t>ik f\nd at ,tol$o1 al?\gh attribut$ to ,solomon1 & nam$ aft] him1 nev] belong$ to ! poet-k+4 ,accord+ to ! b>b>ian au?ors1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! nobles & m5 9 e/imation ( ! ,go?ic ,c\rt1 to bequea? a portion ( _! prop]ty to ! ,*ur*4 ,f ! money s amass$ ! prie/s caus$ tables to be made ( pure gold & silv]1 gorge\s ?rones & /&s on :i* to c>ry ! gospels 9 public processions1 or to ornam5t ! alt>s on great fe/ivals4 ,! s-call$ ,solomon's table 0 orig9ally wr\ght ) money d]iv$ f ?is s\rce1 & 0 subsequ5tly emul\sly increas$ & embelli%$ by successive k+s ( ,tol$o1 ! late/ always anxi\s to surpass 8 pr$ecessors 9 magnific5ce1 until x became ! mo/ spl5did & co/ly gem ev] made = su* a purpose4 ,! fabric 0 ( pure gold1 set ) ! mo/ preci\s pe>ls1 rubies1 & em]alds4 ,its circumf]5ce 0 encru/$ ) ?ree r[s ( ^! valuable /ones1 & ! :ole table display$ jewels s l>ge & refulg5t t nev] did human eye behold any?+ comp>able ) x4444 ,:5 ! ,moslems ent]$ ,tol$o x 0 f\nd on ! great alt> ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & ! fact ( su* a treasure hav+ be5 discov]$ soon became public & notori\s40 ,! hi/ory "h assign$ to ! table is1 x mu/ be confess$1 some:at less improbable ?an ! supposition ( ,gibbon1 :o is "u ! impression t if x ev] exi/$ x may h be5 c>ri$ away by ,titus at ! sack+ ( ,j]usalem1 &1 lat]1 to h fall5 into ! h&s ( ! ,go?s at ! tak+ ( ,rome by ,al>ic4 ,don ,pascual1 h[ev]1 asks1 v p]t95tly1 :e!r x is likely t ,bi%op ,s9d]$1 & ^? :o accompani$ him 9 8 flight1 w\ld h left beh9d !m s valuable an object4 ,& ! conundrum /ill rema9s z to ! pres5t :]eab\ts ( ! table4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t x =ms "p ( ! ine/imable treasures ( ! ,vatican1 b z ! dev\t ,moslem w\ld say1 8,allah alone kn[e?40 ,t>ik1 :o p]ceiv$ 9 ,musa's ha/e to jo9 him 9 ,tol$o & take possession ( ! spoils1 an indication ( ! gov]nor's envy1 decid$ to conceal "o ( ! feet ( ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,int]ior ,,( ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,la ,,blanca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,sp&rils ( ,ar*es4 ! table aga9/ future em]g5cies4 ,musa1 :o met ,t>ik ) savage upbraid+s = exce$+ 8 in/ructions--& "s g s f> z to say t he supplem5t$ 8 spee* ) /rokes ( 8 :ip--dem&$ ! production ( ,solomon's table1 & que/ion$ ,t>ik z to ! abs5ce ( ! miss+ f\r? foot4 ,! wily g5]al decl>$ t he _h f\nd x 9 t condition1 & ,musa _h ! miss+ em]ald suppli$ by a foot ( gold4 ,subsequ5tly ,musa _h ,t>ik ca/ into prison1 &1 x is said1 t he w\ld h encompass$ 8 dea? b = ! prompt int]v5tion ( ! khalif1 :o s5t p]emptory comm&s t ! successful campaign] %\ld be re/or$ to 8 comm& ( ! ,moori% army4 ,!reupon ,musa pr(ess$ to re/ore ,t>ik to 8 confid5ce & fri5d%ip2 b he mu/ h regrett$ t he _h n execut$ 8 orig9al purpose1 :51 on ! occasion ( 8 pres5t+ ! fam\s table z 8 own discov]y to ! khalif at ,damascus1 ,t>ik proclaim$ himself to be ! discov]]1 &1 z pro( ( 8 cont5tion1 produc$ ! miss+ em]ald foot4 ,! ,moori% conqu]ors recognis$ ! importance ( ,tol$o z ! capital ( ! ,go?ic empire1 b ^! art-ador+1 sun-wor%ipp+ w>riors1 :o f\nd _! ,ed5 9 ,&alusia1 lavi%$ _! affection & culture on ,cordova & ,seville1 &1 = a "t1 ,tol$o became a second>y t[n4 ,musa's son1 ,abdelasis1 or ,balac91 z ,rasis el ,moro calls him1 m>ri$ ! wid[ ( ,k+ ,rod]ick1 :o has be5 v>i\sly /yl$ ,egilona1 ,exilona1 & ,blan*e1 & insi/$ ^u e noble ( ! ,moori% ,c\rt pay+ h] extravagant homage2 b ! sultan held 8 ,c\rt at ,cordova1 & ! ,tol$ans nev] =gave ?is affront to _! hon\r & dignity4 ,!y brood$ 9 _! /ormy sull5ness & indep5d5ce4 ,_! revolution>y in/9cts 7 nev] cru%$2 _! discont5t 0 nev] appeas$ ?r\gh ! ?ree & a-half c5turies ( ! ,arab occupation ( ! city4 ,cass91 ! ,moori% rul]1 became impregnat$ ) ! pr9ciples ( indep5d5ce1 & ?rew (f ! yoke ( ,cordova1 only to be betray$ 9 8 turn by ! ,tol$ans1 :o1 we>i$ ( 8 tyranny1 welcom$ ,abd-er-,rahman to ! city1 & submitt$ _! allegiance to 8 ?rone4 ,b ?r\gh\t 8 reign ! turbul5t ,tol$ans prov$ unc]ta9 & prone to revolution1 & 8 son1 ,hakam1 :o succe$$ him1 s\ght to conciliate !m by appo9t+ z gov]nor a r5egade ,*ri/ian1 "o ,amron1 ( ,huesca4 8,by a condesc5sion :i* proves our extreme solicitude = y\r int]e/s10 ! sultan wrote to 8 disaffect$ subjects1 8in/ead ( s5d+ y "o ( our own subjects1 we h *os5 "o ( y\r compatriots40 ,hakam's error ( judgm5t result$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ t]rible de$s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,tol$o1 p]haps ! mo/ disgraceful blot on ! ,moslem dom9ation ( ,spa94 ,amron 0 entru/$ ) ! mission ( humbl+ 8 fell[ c\ntrym5 to ! rule ( ! sultan1 & he a*iev$ 8 object by ! practice ( a fi5di% policy ( p]fidi\s cunn+4 ,by affect+ an av]sion to ! sultan1 & prea*+ ! gospel ( ! indep5d5ce ( ,tol$o1 he won ! confid5ce ( ! nobles1 & conc]t$ ) !m 9 plots to reconqu] ! city4 ,9 fur!rance ( _! plans1 ! p cons5t$ to h soldi]s qu>t]$ ^u !m2 !y welcom$ ! build+ ( a =tress comm&$ by a /rong gu>d at ! extremity ( ! city2 & x 0 at _! own sugge/ion t a ca/le 0 erect$ 9 ! middle ( ! t[n z a /ronghold = ! valiant gov]nor4 ,!n1 hav+ =tifi$ himself ) ! tru/ ( ! p1 & pack$ ! city ) troops1 ,amron secretly advis$ ! sultan t ! ,tol$ans 7 ready = ! lesson t 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 to be read to !m4 ,abd-er-,rahman1 ! son ( ,hakam1 advanc$ t[>ds ! city at ! head ( a great army4 ,! gov]nor propos$ t ! nobles %\ld g out to meet ! "y pr9ce1 & hi/orians record t ^! implacable ,go?ic revolutioni/s 7 infatuat$ by ! c\rtesy & cordiality ) :i* !y 7 receiv$4 ,! future sultan conqu]$ _! av]sion by 8 grace & *>m1 & !y l\dly applaud$ ,amron's sugge/ion t he %\ld be invit$ to accept ! hospitality ( ! city4 ,abd-er-,rahman1 in/at$ 9 ! ca/le ( ! gov]nor1 invit$ ! nobles & repres5tative m5 ( ,tol$o to a great fea/4 ,!y came 9 cr[ds1 !y 7 admitt$ to ! ca/le s+ly1 & n a s+le invit$ gue/ return$ to 8 home4 ,z ea* man cross$ ! c\rty>d ( ! ca/le he walk$ pa/ an execution]1 :o /ood 9 ! %ad[ ) uplift$ blade await+ 8 approa*4 ,no gue/ pass$ him4 ,! nobles ent]$1 ! blade fell1 & ready h&s roll$ ! body into a dit*4 ,9 ,spani% hi/ory t bloody day is kn[n z ! 8,day ( ! ,foss40 8,only conceive10 writes ,hannah ,lyn*1 8! horrible picture 9 all its brutal nak$ness6 ,! gaily-app>ell$ gue/1 sc5t$1 jewell$1 smil+1 alights f 8 c>riage1 look+ =w>d to pleasure 9 v>i$ =ms1 brilliant lights1 delicate vi&s1 exquisite w9es1 lute1 song1 fl[]s1 sp>kl+ spee*4 ,!n ! quick entrance into a dim c\rty>d1 a /ep =w>d1 p]haps 9 ! act ( unclasp+ a silk5 mantle1 ! s\ndless movem5t ( a fatal arm 9 ! %ad[y sil5ce1 ! invisible execution]'s =m probably hidd5 by a pr(usion ( tall plants or an ,ori5tal bu%1 & body aft] body1 head ^u head1 roll into ! common grave till ! dit* is fill$ ) nigh ^u five ?\s& corpses4 ,n ev5 ! fam\s ,/4 ,b>?olomew c compete ) ?is1 9 horror1 9 gruesom5ess4 ,comp>$ ) x1 t night ( ,p>is 0 hon\rable & op5 w>f>e4 ,x is ! /illness ( ! h\r1 ! quickness ( do+1 ! unfl9*+ & awful p]sonality ( ! execution]s1 :o s rem>kably /ruck d[n life z ev] x advanc$ ) smil+ lips & brightly-glanc+ eye1 t l5d ?is sc5e its mat*less col\rs ( cruelty & savag]y4 ,beside x1 few %ock+ h\rs 9 hi/ory w seem depriv$ ( all s5se ( mitigation & humanity40 ,only a p rebelli\s by blood1 by tra9+1 & by e tradition ( _! implacable race1 c\ld h ?r[n (f ! pro/ration t foll[$ ?is t]rible bl[1 & ris5 f _! /upor ) r5ew$ det]m9ation to seize _! indep5d5ce4 ,yet ,tol$o surviv$ ?is bl[1 & _m o!rs1 :i*1 if n s sudd5 & appall+1 7 suffici5t to cru% ! _s & dead5 ! aspiration ( a m v9cible nation4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :e!r ,abd-er-,rahman 0 an accessory to ?is de$ ( but*]y1 or to say if ,amron plann$ ! massacre 9 ! belief t x 0 necess>y to ! ma9t5ance ( ,moslem rule1 to t]rorise ! ,tol$ans into submission1 or if ! de$ 0 inspir$ by ! m subtle & diabolical int5tion ( mak+ ! ,moors m odi\s 9 ! sight ( ! unmanageable citiz5s4 ,:5 ! p 7 suffici5tly recov]$ f ! horror ( ! atrocity to concoct a s*eme ( rev5ge1 !y act$ ) f]oci\s promptness4 ,! cry = v5geance spread f ! ,zocodov] into ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 & ! p1 ha/ily summon$ into ! city1 surr\nd$ ! ca/le ( ,amron1 & burnt ! hateful =tress & its inmates to ! gr\nd4 ,!re1 = ! "t1 ! insurrection>y movem5t /opp$4 ,an ,arab gov]nor 0 appo9t$1 & ! p1 ,*ri/ians & ,jews z well z ,moors1 ent]$ ^u a new /ate ( mat]ial prosp]ity4 ,"u ,ab5 ,magot b5 ,ibraham ! ,moori% arti/ic influ5ce ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,mesa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,cri/o ,,de ,,la ,,vega4 began to make itself felt4 ,! ar*itecture bore ! impr9t ( ! gov]n+ race1 beautiful g>d5s 7 laid out along ! ,vega1 ,arabian palaces sprang into be+1 & on ! ru9s ( ,amron's ca/le !re 0 built a new alcaz>4 ,b ! respite f op5 tumult 0 only tempor>y4 ,! ,wali1 f9d+ ! m]*ants increas+ 9 ri*es1 rais$ _! tribute to ! /ate1 & sm\ld]+ discont5t 0 imm$iately fann$ into a flame4 ,l$ by a weal?y "y ,tol$an1 nam$ ,hacam1 :o subsequ5tly e>n$ ! affix ( 8,el ,durrete0--8,! ,/rik] ( ,bl[s0--! p murd]$ ! ,moori% (ficials & captur$ ! alcaz>4 ,! ,moslem troops retaliat$ by recaptur+ t /ronghold & r\t+ ! revolutioni/s4 ,hacam w5t into retirem5t until ! ,moors1 lull$ into security1 relax$ _! vigilance 9 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! city1 & !n1 /rik+ swiftly ?r\gh ! neglect$ gates1 he recov]$ ! city betwe5 sunset & morn+4 ,! great] "p ( ! upp] t[n 0 burnt1 ! troops s5t by ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii4 7 repuls$2 &1 al?\gh ! ,tol$ans 7 incid5tally r\t$ by ! r5egade ,spani>d1 ,mais>a1 ,tol$o 0 n !n retak54 ,9 #hgc ! city 0 besieg$ = a :ole ye>1 & only surr5d]$ :5 fam9e _h r5d]$ ! citiz5s too weak to fur!r resi/ ! assaults ( ! ,moori% troops4 ,! next firebr& to project itself into ! inflammatory fabric ( ,tol$an discont5t 0 ! fanatical m>tyr1 ,eulogius4 ,9 ,cordova ?is fr5zi$ religioni/ _h fir$ ! ,*ri/ians into revil+ ,mohamm$1 & !reby exasp]at+ ! ,moslems into p]secution4 ,to ! tol]ant & broad-m9d$ ,moors1 religi\s obs]vances 7 prejudices to be respect$4 ,!y p]mitt$1 to ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 ! fulle/ lic5ce 9 ! matt] ( wor%ip2 !y only dem&$ t a simil> respect %\ld be obs]v$ t[>ds _! own fai?4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 n ask$ to rev]5ce ! ,prophet ( ,islam1 b ! ,moslems c\ld n all[ him to be op5ly blasphem$ by ! infidels4 ,x 0 aga9/ ! articles ( _! cre$1 & x 0 contr>y to human nature4 ,to-day ! ,*ri/ian :o rebell$ aga9/ su* a reasonable re/riction w\ld be acc\nt$ a bigot1 undes]v+ ( sympa?y2 9 ! days ( ,eulogius1 ! revil]s ( ,moori% religi\s prejudices 7 reg>d$ z sa9ts4 ,tol$o jump$ at _! rul]s' res5tm5t ( ! ,*ri/ians' wanton insult to _! fai? z an excuse = an outbur/ ( religi\s indignation1 & ,s9dola seiz$ ! city & decl>$ w> aga9/ ! khalifate by way ( prote/+ aga9/ ! execution ( ,eulogius's disciples4 ,ordoo1 k+ ( ,leon1 s5t re9=cem5ts to ,s9dola1 & ! alli$ armies 7 caught 9 an ambu% by ! ,moors1 :o /ruck (f #h1jjj ,*ri/ian heads = public exhibition 9 ! v>i\s disaffect$ t[ns4 ,?is rev]se _h ! desir$ effect1 & ! ,tol$ans made no fur!r move until ! dea? ( ,wi/remir af=d$ !m an opportunity ( exasp]at+ ! sultan ,mohamm$ by elect+ ,eulogius to ! vacant ar*bi%opric ( ,tol$o4 ,! sultan1 :o retaliat$ by inve/+ ! city1 _h ! bridge und]m9$ :ile x 0 9 ! occupation ( 8 troops1 &1 by mak+ a feign$ retreat1 entic$ ! impetu\s ,spani>ds to give *ase4 ,! deplet$ /ructure collaps$ b5ea? ! sudd5 burd5 ( ! pursu+ army1 & hundr$s ( m5 met _! dea? 9 ! sull5 dep?s ( ! ,tagus4 ,b nei!r massacre nor mis=tune c\ld %ake ! dogg$ ,tol$ans f _! purpose4 ,) ! k+ ( ,leon at _! back1 !y put =? new ef=ts1 & 9 #hgc !y =c$ ,mohamm$ to ackn[l$ge _! indep5d5ce z a ,republic 9 return = ! paym5t ( an annual tribute4 ,! treaty made ) ,mohamm$ 0 ratifi$ by 8 successors1 ,mundhir & ,abdallah4 ,ev5 ! ,great ,khalif1 ,abd-er-,rahman1 0 at fir/ cont5t to s5d f ,cordova a royal proclamation1 comm&+ ,tol$o to surr5d] h] indep5d5ce to ! khalifate1 & ackn[l$ge him z liege "l1 & x 0 n until #icj1 or eighte5 ye>s aft] he _h asc5d$ ! ?rone1 t he w5t up ) 8 army aga9/ ! arrogant & rebelli\s city4 ,! siege ( ,tol$o by ,abd-er-,rahman la/$ = eight ye>s4 ,! ,moori% k+ built ! city1 :i* he call$ 8,victory10 on a m\nta9 comm&+ ,tol$o1 & "h he qu>t]$ 8 troops until fam9e & privation %\ld op5 ! gates = him4 ,! long ye>s ( wait+ culm9at$ 9 a swift assault1 &1 at ! close ( a day's fight+1 ! emaciat$ heads ( ! insurg5t *iefs 7 impal$ on spe>s to keep _! la/ sightless wat* f ! walls ( ! city !y _h def5d$ ) su* h]oic =titude4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,great ,khalif1 &1 !nce=? until ! ,*ri/ian conque/1 ,tol$o ma9ta9$ a p>tial indep5d5ce1 tol]at+ ! rule ( ,moslem pr9ces1 b pay+ no allegiance to ,cordova4 ,& 9 ! end %e 0 recov]$ to ! ,*ri/ians by a piece ( picturesque trea*]y4 ,alfonso ( ,leon 7,alfonso ,,vi47 _h fl$ f ! mona/]y ( ,sagahun1 & s\ght ! protection ( ,k+ ,almamon ( ,tol$o1 f :om he receiv$ ! mo/ g5]\s hospitality1 includ+ gifts ( palaces1 f>ms1 & or*>ds1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian section ( ! inhabitants4 ,! ,moori% k+ dem&$ only ! subscription ( 8 gue/'s allegiance1 &1 9 return1 he gave a s9c]e affection1 & promises ( fai?ful protection4 ,almamon1 ^: "o vague b ev] pres5t conc]n 0 ! possibility ( ,tol$o ev] fall+ aga9 into ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians1 0 discuss+ ! subject "o day ) 8 c\rti]s 9 ! g>d5 ( ,alfonso's palace1 & engross$ 9 ! consid]ation ( ! possible mis=tune1 he describ$ m9utely ! only plan by :i*1 9 8 op9ion1 ! city might be tak54 ,alfonso1 :o 0 "o ( ! company1 affect$ to be asleep :ile ?is diss]tation 0 9 progress1 & ! c\rti]s1 :o 7 unable to re/ra9 ! eloqu5ce ( ! k+1 endeav\r$ to obta9 ,almamon's cons5t to ! execution ( 8 ,*ri/ian gue/4 ,b ! k+ refus$ to li/5 to ?is inhospitable proposition1 & on ! dea? ( ,san*o ( ,ca/ile 7:o 0 murd]$ by ,bellido1 "u ! walls ( ,zamora71 8 bro!r1 ,alfonso ( ,leon1 return$ to 8 own k+dom1 load$ ) hon\rs1 & c>ry+ ) him ! secret ( ,tol$o's v9cibility4 ,be=e he dep>t$ ! two k+s swore et]nal amity1 & ent]$ into an (f5sive & def5sive alliance aga9/ ! enemies ( ei!r1 & ! enemies ( ,almamon's son1 ,yahya4 ,b aft] ! dea? ( ,almamon1 ,alfonso1 =gett+ 8 oa? to 8 fri5d1 & rememb]+ only ! plan ( siege he _h ov]he>d 9 ! g>d5 ( ,tol$o1 adopt$ ! pr9ciples inv5t$ by ! ,moori% !ori/1 &1 9 #ajhe1 ent]$ ! city z its conqu]or4 ,:at has ,tol$o to %[ to-day = ! ?ree & a-half c5turies ( ! arti/ic influ5ce ( ,morisco culture & influ5ce8 ,surpris+ly little6 ,& yet x w\ld be an ev5 great] surprise if %e _h m to %[4 ,! village t climbs ! bosom ( a m\nta9 does n alt] ! cont\r ( its impassive re/+-place2 ! et*+s trac$ ^u a ,tol$o blade does n affect ! temp] ( ! /eel4 ,! city is /ill 8,moori% 9 appe>ance10 to employ ! guide-book phrase1 b x is gradually dive/+ itself ( ! m>ks :i* at "o "t1 & !n only 9 "p1 disguis$ its ,go?ic ance/ry4 ,s9ce ,alfonso1 ! tyrant ( ! ,galicians1 seiz$ ! t[n ( ,tol$o1 8t pe>l ( ! necklace1 t highe/ t[] ( ! empire 9 ?is ,p59sula0 ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o ,,anci5t ,,gate ,,( ,,visagra4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,s]v&o4 7to quote ,abon ,i ,hasan71 ! ,moori% bridge1 ne> ,santa ,leocadia1 & ! o!r1 :i* cross$ ! old ,roman wat]way1 h disappe>$1 & ! leg5d>y ,palace ( ,galiana is let out 9 mis]able t5em5ts to ! l[e/ class ( peasants4 ,morat9 has immortalis$ ,galiana de ,tol$o1 8mo/ beautiful & m>vell\s10 & ,cald]on has writt5 ( ! palace built = h] by h] fa!r1 ,galafre1 :o rul$ ov] ,tol$o = ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 ,galafre took ! old ,visigo? %ell1 & trans=m$ ! edifice1 by ! wit*]y ( ,moori% w9d[s & ar*es & /aircases1 into a palace ( delight4 ,he devot$ 8 k ( hydraulics to ! unkempt ,tol$an ,vega1 & made ( x a p>adise ( leaf & bloom & rill4 ,9 ! fairy g>d51 ,*>lemagne1 accord+ to tradition1 f\nd ! 8mo/ beautiful & m>vell\s0 ,galiana1 & c>ri$ h] away f ! unwelcome addresses ( h] ,moori% admir]1 ,pr9ce ,bradamante1 to reign ov] ,france z 8 que54 ,! arms ( ! ,guzmans1 into ^: possession ! palace pass$ "u ,ca/illian rule1 may /ill be descri$ ^u its dismantl$ front4 ,! wond]ful clepsydras1 or wat] clocks ( ,tol$o1 ! inv5tion ( ,ab\-l'-,casem1 ,abdo-er-,rahman1 or ,az-,z>cal1 z he is m usually /yl$1 are qua9tly & vaguely describ$ 9 ! foll[+ ,moori% docum5t3 8,"o ( ! greate/ t[ns ( ,spa9 is ,tol$o1 & ,tol$o is a l>ge & well-populat$ city4 ,on all sides x is wa%$ by a spl5did riv]1 call$ ! ,tagus4444 ,among ! r>e & notable ?+s ( ,tol$o is t :eat may be kept m ?an sev5ty ye>s )\t rott+1 :i* is a great advantage1 z all ! l& ab\nds 9 gra9 & se$ ( all k9ds4 ,b :at is /ill m m>vell\s & surpris+ 9 ,tol$o1 & :at we believe no o!r inhabit$ t[n ( all ! _w has any?+ to equal1 are "s clepsydras1 or wat] clocks4 ,x is said t ,az-,z>cal1 he>+ ( a c]ta9 talisman1 :i* is 9 ! city ( ,ar91 ( ,ea/]n ,india1 & :i*1 ,masudi says1 %[s ! h\rs by means ( aspas1 or h&s1 f ! "t ! sun rises till x sets1 det]m9$ to fabricate an artifice by means ( :i* ! p c\ld "k ! h\r ( day or night1 & calculate ! day ( ! moon4 ,he made two great ponds 9 a h\se on ! bank ( ! ,tagus1 n f> f ! ,gate ( ! ,tann]s1 mak+ !m s t !y %\ld be fill$ ) wat] or empti$ accord+ to ! rise & fall ( ! moon40 ,9 ,babylonia1 ,india1 & ,egypt1 ! clepsydra 0 us$ f be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory1 especially 9 a/ronomical obs]vations1 & ,lat9 & ,greek writ]s ref] to a type :i* resembl$ ! mod]n s& glass1 & 0 us$ 9 ! c\rts ( law to limit ! l5g? ( ! plead+s4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! clepsydra1 :i* ,pl9y ascrib$ to ,scipio ,nasica1 consi/$ ess5tially ( a float1 :i* sl[ly rose by ! trickl+s ( wat] f above ?r\gh a small hole 9 a plate ( metal4 ,z ! float rose x po9t$ to a scale ( h\rs at ! side ( ! wat] vessel2 or1 9 ! m elaborate =ms1 mov$ a :eel by means ( a rat*et1 & ?us turn$ a h& on a dial4 ,! ,moori% rec\nt] ( ! wond]s ( ! wat] clocks ( ,tol$o tells u t its movem5ts 7 regulat$ by ! moon4 ,z soon z ! moon became visible by means ( invisible conducts1 ! wat] began to fl[ into ! ponds1 &1 by day rise1 ! ponds 7 f\r-sev5?s full4 ,at night ano!r sev5? 0 add$1 s t by day or night ! ponds cont9u$ to increase 9 wat] a sev5? e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & 7 q full by ! "t ! moon 0 full4 ,on ! #ad? ( ! mon?1 :5 ! moon began to fall1 ! ponds also fell 9 l proportion4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ! mon? !y 7 half empty1 & on ! #bi? ,illu/ration3 ,,moori% ,,sword4 completely s4 ,! exact work+ ( ^? clepsydras1 h[ev]1 is lo/1 z a bungl+ a/ronom]1 :o 0 deput$ by ,alfonso 8! ,le>n$0 to exam9e !m & discov] ! secret1 broke ! delicate ma*9]y1 & 0 =?) dubb$ a ,jew by ! indignant & exasp]at$ ,moors4 ,beyond ! walls ( ! city is a /ret* ( f]tile l& beside ! ,tagus1 :i* is call$ ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,k+2 & at ! fur!r end ( x is ! c\ntry palace ( ,galiana4 ,?is pleasure h\se is ( a lat] date ?an ! palace ( ! same "n )9 ! city2 b1 l t debas$ edifice1 x is a ru91 its walls ( extreme ?ickness1 flank$ ) two massive t[]s1 only rema9+ to repres5t :at 0 once 8,a palace lift+ to et]nal summ] ,its m>ble walls1 f out a glossy b[] ,( coole/ foliage1 musical ) birds40 ,9 ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce ! ,fr5* soldi]s made a ru9 ( ! "o-"t magnific5t ,casa de ,v>gas1 :i* 0 built by ,juan de ,h]r]a1 & has be5 describ$ by ,antonio ,ponz z "o ( ! ar*itectural spl5d\rs ( ,tol$o4 ,ponz tells u t 8! faade is p]fect ,doric1 ( exquisite m>ble1 ) flut$ columns on ei!r side1 & ! p$e/als h milit>y emblems 9 bas-relief4 ,! frieze consi/s ( helmets1 heads ( bulls1 & goblets4 ,! coat ( arms above ! cornice is mo/ beautiful1 & ! wom5's =ms1 seat$ on ea* side1 are life-size4 ,no?+ c\ld be f9] ?an ! details1 z well z ! :ole ( ?is faade1 & = sure x is ! mo/ s]i\s1 ! mo/ lovely1 & mo/ f9i%$ ( all ,i h se5 9 ,tol$o4 ,y ent] a spaci\s c\rty>d ) l(ty gall]ies runn+ r\nd x above & bel[ ! l[] gall]y1 su/a9$ by ,doric pill>s & by ! upp] ,ionic columns4 ,! /aircase is truly regal1 & likewise ! v>i\s inn] *amb]s4 ,!y conta9 diff]5t *imney pieces1 ornam5t$ ) graceful fancies execut$ 9 bas-relief2 & ?us1 9 ! l[] qu>t]s1 z 9 ! pr9cipal1 are o!r gall]ies ) columns l ^? ( ! c\rty>d1 ) delici\s views ( ! mead[s & ! ,tagus40 ,9 ! mo/ mis]able qu>t] ( ! t[n1 f> up above ! riv]1 ! visitor may see "s huge blocks ( /one1 & a few brok5 ar*es--all t rema9s ( ! once magnific5t ,moori% palace ( ,h5ry ( ,aragon1 "l ( ,vill5a4 ,h5ry ( ,aragon 0 an enlight5$ pr9ce & erudite s*ol>1 & ! possessor ( a sup]b collection ( books1 :i* 7 publicly burnt on ! plea t _! own] _h int]c\rse ) ! devil4 ,don ,enrique is said to h us$ ! subt]ranean *amb]s & passages ( ! palace z a meet+-place = wit*es1 & "h he is suppos$ to h ent]ta9$ 8 ,satanic maje/y4 ,samuel ,levi1 ,p$ro ! ,cruel's treasur]1 turn$ ! palace vault into a /rong-room1 b ! pr9ce1 9 a ne$y mom5t1 prov$ /rong]2 & ! ,tol$ans1 foll[+ ! example ( _! k+1 complet$ ! sack+ ( ! mansion4 ,! ,duke ( ,escalona1 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,qu9t1 burnt ! palace to ! gr\nd1 & fl$ ! city ) 8 family1 r ?an give h\se-room to ! trea*]\s ,b\rbon1 ! ,con/able ( ,france1 at ! bidd+ ( 8 royal ma/]4 ,!re is 9 ! little plaza ( ,santa ,isabel1 a half-oblit]at$ ,arabian inscription1 wi%+ 8,la/+ prosp]ity & p]petual glory to ! ma/] ( ?is edifice40 ,?is inscription id5tifies ! ru9 z ! palace ( ,k+ ,p$ro4 ,! beautiful ,casa de ,mesa be>s sc>cely a trace ( ! exquisite ,moori% workman%ip :i* *>act]is$ ! palace ( ! ,dukes ( ,alva2 x is impossible to det]m9e f ! dilapidat$ ,casa de las ,torm]ias :e!r x 0 orig9ally built = a ,moori% palace or a mezquita2 :ile ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,pla/] ,ornam5ts1 us$ z ,upright & ,horizontal ,b&s enclos+ ,panels on ! ,walls4 "s few scraps ( ,moori% inscription 9 ! wood-"w ( a ru9$ wall /ill te/ify to ! orig9 ( ! ,casa de ,mun>riz4 ,! alcaz>1 :i* 0 twice de/roy$ by fire1 is repres5t$ by ! faades1 ! ?ree t[]s1 ! patio1 & ! enorm\s /aircase--p]haps ! only p>ts ( ! build+ t 7 n rebuilt by ,*>les ,qu9t4 ,! edifice comm5c$ by t mon>*1 & complet$ by ,philip ,,ii41 0 = long ! mo/ spl5did & colossal palace 9 ,spa94 ,/>emb]g's troops de/roy$ ! build+ by fire 9 #agaj2 &1 a c5tury lat]1 ! ,fr5* troops fir$ ! /ructure :i* ,c>los ,,iii4 _h recompos$ out ( ! a%es ( ,*>les ,v4's alcaz>4 ,! ,casa de ,mesa1 ! palace ( ,e/evan de ,illan1 is r$uc$ to a s+le *amb] ( exquisite ,moori% workman%ip2 ! rema9+ ,moori% "p ( ! ,tall] del ,moro is us$ z a common work%op2 ! regal /aircase ( ! alcaz>1 s wide t a :ole army might m>* up its noble /eps1 ends 9 space4 ,z ) ! palaces ( ,tol$o1 s x is ) its temples--! traces ( ,moori% art are ne>ly all defac$ or oblit]at$4 ,! mosque1 :i* 0 replac$ by ! *ur* ( ,san ,roman1 possesses ! pure/ mudej> /eeple ( ,tol$o1 erect$ by ,e/eban de ,illan1 & ano!r1 if small]1 ,moori% /eeple1 adorns ! ,santa ,magdal5a4 ,a monum5t1 :i* ranks among ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ,spa91 is ! ,cri/o de la ,luz1 locat$ betwe5 ! ,pu]ta del ,sol & ! ,pu]ta ,bisagra--a little gem ( ,moori%-,byzant9e ar*itecture1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! olde/ & mo/ p]fect specim5 ( its k9d 9 ! ,p59sula4 ,on ! walls ( ?is *ur*1 :i* rema9s to ?is day a p]fect mosque1 ! conqu]+ ,alfonso ,,vi4 hung up 8 %ield 9 #ajce to commemorate ! fir/ mass t 0 celebrat$ 9 ,tol$o aft] ! defeat ( ! ,moors4 ,until ,t>ik came to ,tol$o ! mosque _h be5 a ,go?ic temple1 be=e :i* hung a cross1 be>+ an effigy ( ! crucifi$ ,*ri/4 ,leg5d decl>es t two impi\s ,jews prick$ ! greatly-v5]at$ body ) a dagg]1 & t f ! w\nd blood in/antly gu%$ =?4 ,! ,jews1 :o attempt$ to evade ! p5alty ( _! folly by hid+ ! crucifix1 7 trac$ by ! /a9s ( blood to _! h\se1 & torn to pieces by ! infuriat$ ,*ri/ians4 ,tradition fur!r ass]ts t ! ,jews plann$ a rev5ge by poison+ ! feet ( ! re/or$ /atue1 b t :5 a woman knelt be=e x ! figure )drew its foot f h] kiss4 ,_m o!r leg5ds atta* to ! sacr$ relic1 :i* 0 remov$ f be=e ! *ur* :5 ! city 0 captur$ by ! ,moors1 & secret$ 9 a cavity 9 ! wall1 ) a burn+ lamp plac$ be=e x4 ,:5 ! ,moori% dom9ion came to an end1 #cgj ye>s lat]1 & ! cavity 0 reveal$1 ! unrepl5i%$ lamp 0 f\nd to be /ill alight be=e ! crucifix 9 ! wall ( ! ,moori% mosque4 ,f ?is leg5d ! *ur* takes its "n ( ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,light4 ,?is wond]ful little monum5t1 :i* is only tw5ty-two feet by tw5ty-five feet1 possesses six %ort naves1 :i* cross ea* o!r "u n9e vaults1 & 9 ! c5tre are f\r %ort1 /\t columns1 surm\nt$ by sculptur$ capitals1 f :i* spr+ sixte5 heavy horse%oe ar*es4 ,?is =e/ ( naves & ar*es comprises a m9iature reproduction ( ! mosque ( ,cordova4 ,arcades1 cusp$ 9 ,moori% fa%ion1 & support$ on %afts1 pi]ce ! walls2 ! inevitable 8half orange0 ceil+ domes ! c5tre1 & above ! pr9cipal ar* is ! %ield ( ,alfonso ,,vi41 embelli%$ ) a :ite cross on a crimson gr\nd1 :i* ! victori\s k+ h&$ to ,ar*bi%op ,b]n>do to supply ! place ( a cross above ! dismantl$ alt>4 ,?is gem ( ,moori%-,byzant9e ar*itecture1 s small yet s p]fect1 ,illu/ration3 ,,arab ,,fragm5t ,,at ,,t>ragona4 s simple yet s fanta/ic1 conveys an impression ( amaz+ /r5g?1 & pres5ts an admirable example ( e>ly ,arabian "w4 ,! nunn]y ( ,santa ,fe1 :i* 0 orig9ally a regal ,moori% palace1 has be5 %orn ( ne>ly all its anci5t beauty1 :i* is n[ only traceable 9 ! arcad$ brickwork ( ! wall1 almo/ oblit]at$ by exub]ant foliage4 ,!re are /ill ! remnants ( ,moori% ornam5tation 9 ! conv5t halls & corridors ( ,san ,juan de la ,p5it5cia1 & ! influ5ce ( ,moori% art is also se5 9 "s good azulejo & ! artesonade ceil+ ( ,santa ,isabel4 ,! ,alcant>a bridge1 :i* 0 orig9ally a ,roman /ructure1 0 repair$ by ! ,go?s 9 #fhg1 & rebuilt by ! ,moors ( #hff4 ,x 0 ( ?is ,moori% bridge t ,rasis el ,moro wrote3 8,x 0 su* a ri* & m>vell\s "w1 & s subtly wr\ght1 t nev] man ) tru? c\ld believe !re 0 any o!r su* f9e "w 9 ,spa940 ,s9ce !n x has be5 repair$ & re/or$ :olly1 or 9 "p1 no few] ?an eight times2 & :ile ^! alt]ations h *ang$ its /yle & appe>ance1 x /ill rema9s "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ picturesque monum5ts ( ,tol$o4 ,! bridge ( ,san ,m>t91 :i* comp>es ) x 9 int]e/ & beauty1 0 built 9 #abjc1 & is gu>d$ at ei!r end ) a t[] & gateway adorn$ ) ,moori% ar*es & battlem5ts4 ,! bridge ( ,san ,m>t9 gives entrance to ! city ?r\gh ! gate ( ! ,cambron4 ,x is no long] ,moori%1 z x 0 9 ! "t ( ,alfonso ,,vi42 b on its half-r5aissance1 half-classical ar*itecture1 "o may /ill read ! rema9s ( "s ( ^? gr&iloqu5t utt]ances ( ! ,moori% _s :i* prompt$ ,ponz to /yle ,tol$o ! city ( magnific5t inscriptions4 ,x 0 a dev\t1 if some:at cr$ul\s1 _s :i* inspir$ ! transcription ( ! foll[+ article ( fai?3 8,!re is b "o ,god on e>?1 & ,mohamm$ is ,8 mess5g]4 ,all ! fai?ful :o believe 9 our prophet ,mohamm$1 & cont9ue to kiss ! h&s & feet ( ,murabite ,muley ,abda ,alcad> e day1 w be )\t s91 w n be bl9d1 nor deaf1 nor lame1 nor w\nd$2 & receiv+ 8 b5$iction1 :5 ! "t ( 8 dea? comes1 w only be ?ree days ill & dy+1 w g ) op5 eyes to ,p>adise =giv5 ( all s9s40 ,ano!r inscription bore ! foll[+ exhortation & comp5satory promise3 8,pray] & peace ov] our "l & prophet ,mohamm$4 ,all ! fai?ful1 :5 !y w5t to lie d[n 9 _! b$s1 m5tion+ ! ,alfagiu ,murabito ,abdala1 & recomm5d+ !mselves to him1 w ent] no battle out ( :i* !y w n come victori\s2 & 9 :atev] battle aga9/ ,*ri/ians !y may /a9 _! lances ) ,*ri/ian blood1 dy+ t same day1 w g alive & :ole ) eyes op5 to ,p>adise1 & 8 desc5dants w rema9 till ! f\r? g5]ation =giv540 ,! pres5t ,visagra ,gate1 rebuilt "u ,*>les ,v41 dates back to ! ,moors4 ,x is entirely ,moori% 9 "*1 ) ! heavy simple features1 ! triple horse%oe ar*es & upp] cr5ellat$ ap]tures :i* we associate ) ! fir/ p]iod ( ,morisco ar*itecture4 ,?r\gh ?is gate1 :i* is n[ block$ up1 ,alfonso ,,vi4 ent]$ ,tol$o4 ,! two graceful squ>e t[]s1 ro($ ) gre5 & :ite tiles1 :i* compose ! edifice1 are jo9$ by ! high turret$ walls ( a squ>e c\rty>d1 & ! decorations include ! ,s5ate's d$ication ( ! gate to ,*>les ,qu9t1 ! sculptur$ arms ( ! emp]or1 a /atue ( ,/4 ,eug5ie1 two o!rs ( ,go?ic k+s1 & a life-siz$ angel hold+ an un%ea!d sword4 ,?is cold1 b>e inv5tory ( ! ornam5ts ( ! gate convey no idea ( ! spl5did impressiv5ess ( ! /ructure1 ! spl5d\r & *>m ( ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,blank ,w9d[4 :i* s9k into comp>ative insignificance beside its glori\s neighb\r1 ! ,gate ( ! ,sun4 ,?is magnific5t gate ( r\gh /one1 ) its t[]s ( br[n granite1 has be5 rightly describ$ z "o ( ! _w's ma/]pieces4 ,yet "h aga9 ! p5 is p[]less to d ju/ice to its beauty2 & to describe its proportions & decoration is to complicate1 r ?an expla91 ! impression t is convey$ by ! cam]a4 ,! squ>e t[]s1 ) _! semi-circul> fronts1 & ! great c5tral ar* re/+ on two ,moori% columns1 & ! zones ( ornam5tal ar*es above ! horse-%ap$ op5+s1 comprise a ,moori% gem aga9/ a ,spani% sky1 a miracle ( lovel9ess ^u a r\gh & nak$ ramp>t4 ,b h[1 cries ,hannah ,lyn*1 to write ( ?is ,pu]ta del ,sol1 t 8?+ ( beauty ev5 among cr[d$ en*antm5ts6 ,x is to pick "o's way ?r\gh sup]latives & po9ts ( exclamation & call 9 va9 on ! goddess ( sobriety to subdue our t5d5cy to excess & incoh]5ce4 ,put ?is mat*less gate 9 ! middle ( ! des]t ( ,sah>a2 x w\ld !n be wor? :ile mak+ ! frightful j\rney alone to look at x4 ,h[ev] f> y may h j\rney$1 y w\ld /ill be = ev] ?ankful to h se5 su* a ma/]piece--inconte/ably a "w ( supreme art1 p]haps ! r>e/ ?+ ( ! _w40 ,:e!r ! writ] int5ds h] high eulogy to be appli$ g5]ally to any 8"w ( supreme art10 or to ! ,pu]ta del ,sol 9 p>ticul>1 mo/ p :o h come "u ! wit*+ influ5ce ( ! art ( ! ,moors1 w n d5y t x is well des]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,l4 ,raft]s ( a ,ro( ov] a ,doorway1 n[ de/roy$1 b5ea? ! ,tocador de la ,reyna4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anci5t ,,arabian ,,ba?s ,,at ,,palma1 ,,majorca4 ,,moori% ,,ornam5t ,a ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,arab ,,art ,9 art1 precept is subs]vi5t2 practice is supreme4 ,! idea :i* may be hidd5 9 a picture is ( little mom5t2 x is ! design1 fully accompli%$1 :i* is priz$4 ,its inspiration may become a 8light to %9e be=e m510 b x atta9s its p>am\nt value only :5 realis$4 ,ref9em5t ( mann]s & acut5ess ( intellect h1 9 ! ,ea/1 no?+ 9 common ) :at we call education4 ,9 ?is social /ate1 ignorance1 :i*1 among u1 condemns a man1 may be ! condition ( great orig9ality4 ,! ,arab t5t-dwell] 01 & is1 (t51 a v sup]ior man2 = ! t5t is a k9d ( s*ool1 always op51 :]e1 f contact ) educat$ gue/s :o h se5 m5 & cities1 0 produc$ an intellectual movem5t :i* l$ ! ,arab1 9 ex*ang+ 8 nomadic life = a settl$ habitation1 to translate ! t5t to a m solid =m2 to commute ! t5t-pole = a sl5d] m>ble column2 & to trans=m luxuri\s products ( ! loom1 :i* _h adorn$ 8 =m] dwell+1 to a semblance ( _! gold5 tissues on fairy-decorat$ diap]y4 ,if ! poetry & ref9em5t ( ! ,s\? ( ,europe 9 mod]n times _c be trac$1 z _m au?ors w\ld h u believe--notably ,fa!r ,&res1 a le>n$ ,spani>d1 anxi\s to give to 8 own c\ntry ! hon\r ( imp>t+ to ! re/ ( ,europe ! fir/ impulse ( ref9em5t aft] ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire--to ! ,arabs ( ,spa91 mu* mu/ /ill be all[$ to _! influ5ce2 = _! progress 9 ref9em5t 0 h>dly less brilliant & rapid ?an _! progress 9 ,empire4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! glory ( ,cordova1 :i* began ab\t ,a4,d4 #gej1 & cont9u$ to ! "t ( its conque/ by ! ,*ri/ians 9 #abcf1 ! s*ol>s ( ,spa9 7 9 a high] /ate ( cultivation ?an c\ld be f\nd else:]e2 & if ! ,k+dom ( ,granada--! la/ /ronghold ( ! ,moslem--:i* end$ 9 #adib1 0 less ref9$1 x 0 p]haps m spl5did & luxuri\s4 ,! public s*ools & libr>ies ( ! ,spani% ,arabs 7 resort$ to1 n only by ^? ( _! own fai? at home & 9 ! ,ea/1 b by ,*ri/ians f diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe2 & ,pope ,sylve/] ! ,second 7,g]bet1 a ,fr5*man1 ,pope #iii-ajjc71 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 ( 8 age1 is believ$ to h ow$ 8 elevation to ! culture he absorb$ 9 ,seville & ,cordova4 ,arab art takes its place ) ! arts ( ,greece & ,japan z "o ( ! ?ree great s*ools into :i* all /yles ( ornam5t naturally fall4 ,beauty & simplicity--! re/ra9$ rhy?m & ord] :i* =m ! ess5tial f\ndation ( ,greek art--is z di/9ct f ! vivaci\s realism & unsymmetrical1 haphaz>d decoration ( ! ,japanese1 z f t elegance & complexity produc$ by geometrical involutions symmetrically con/ruct$1 :i* con/itute ! basis ( ,moori% art4 ,^! ?ree /yles h be5 comp>$ by ,monsieur ,j4 ,b\rgo91 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,arab ,art1 to ! ?ree k+doms ( ,nature4 ,greek art he lik5s to ! animal k+dom1 ! ,japanese art to ! vegetable k+dom1 & ,arabian art1 f ! symmetry :i* recalls ! cry/allisation ( m9]als 9 its uni=mity ( configuration1 & its elem5t>y /ructure1 he comp>es ) ! m9]al k+dom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,li4 ,b& at ,spr++ ( ,ar* at ! ,entrance to "o ( ! ,halls4 ,9 ! art ( ! ,arabs ! inspiration is completely indep5d5t ( liv+ nature4 ,! ,arab arti/ proce$s f )9 to ! ext]ior2 he sets himself problems1 & transf]s !m by means ( ! compass & rule4 ,! decorative impulse ( ,arab art consi/s ( geometrical diagrams ei!r c>v$ into relief1 or inlaid1 or simply laid flat4 ,s9ce ! inspiration is dry1 & purely ab/ract1 ! arti/ic developm5t is slight & unimportant2 &1 s9ce ! motive is re/rict$1 ,arab decorative art has rema9$ simple1 b /ill ( an incomp>able elegance1 because ! h>mony betwe5 inspiration & execution is p]fect4 ,by _! cre$ ,mohamm$an arti/s 7 =bidd5 to repres5t liv+ =ms1 yet !y adopt$ ! pr9ciples !y f\nd 9 ,nature1 & develop$ !m ) absolute fidelity4 ,?us1 z ,i %[$ 9 deal+ ) ! ar*itecture ( ! ,alhambra1 9 surface decoration by ! ,moors ! l9es fl[ f a p>5t /em2 e ornam5t1 h[ev] di/ant1 c be trac$ to its bran* & root4 ,9 all cases we f9d ! l9es radiat+ f a p>5t /em1 z we may see exemplifi$ 9 ,nature by ! human h&1 or 9 a leaf4 ,we are nev] (f5d$1 z 9 mod]n practice1 by ! r&om introduction ( an ornam5t set d[n )\t a reason = its exi/5ce4 ,h[ev] irregul> ! expanse !y h to decorate1 !y always comm5ce by divid+ ! field into equal areas1 & r\nd ^! ma9 l9es !y fill 9 _! details1 :i* inv>iably return to _! p>5t /em1 a sy/em :i* proves !m to h be5 absolute ma/]s ( space4 ,9 ! introduction to my volume on ! ,alhambra1 ,i emphasis$ ?is fact1 t ! ,moors ev] _h reg>d to ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ar*itecture--to decorate con/ruction1 nev] to con/ruct decoration4 ,9 ,arabian ar*itecture1 n only does ! decoration arise naturally out ( ! con/ruction1 b ! con/ructive idea is c>ri$ out 9 e detail ( ! ornam5tation ( ! surfaces4 ,a sup]flu\s or useless ornam5t is nev] f\nd 9 ,moori% decoration2 e ornam5t arises naturally & inevitably f ! p>5t design4 ,! g5]al =ms 7 fir/ laid d[n2 !y 7 subdivid$ by g5]al l9es2 ! int]/ices 7 !n fill$ 9 ) ornam5t1 to be aga9 subdivid$ & enri*$ = clos] inspection4 ,! pr9ciple 0 c>ri$ out ) ! greate/ ref9em5t1 & ! h>mony & beauty ( all ,moori% ornam5tation is d]iv$ f its obs]vance4 ,! highe/ di/9ction 0 !reby obta9$2 ! detail nev] int]f]+ ) ! g5]al =m4 ,se5 at a di/ance1 ! ma9 l9es /rike ! eye2 on ne>] approa*1 ! ornam5tation comes into ! composition2 & a m9ute inspection reveals ! detail on ! surface ( ! ornam5ts !mselves4 ,monsieur ,a4 ,rhone1 9 8 ,l',egypte ,petites ,j\rnes1 holds t1 8see+ ! m>vell\s res\rces :i* ! ,arabs h f\nd 9 geometry = decorat+ surfaces1 "o regrets less = art t ! laws ( ,islamism h =bidd5 !m1 z an idolatr\s act1 to introduce repres5tations ( animat$ =ms4 ,al?\gh ^! laws 7 n s /rictly obs]v$ z is g5]ally believ$1 :o kn[s1 if 9 turn+ ! ,arabian arti/s away f sculpture & /atu>y1 !y h n be5 ! means ( pres]v+ ?is special & almo/ transc5dant aptitude t ! ,semites h = all subtle comb9ations1 & especially = ^? ( geometrical numb]s1 l9es1 & figures80 ,al?\gh ! pr9ciples ( ,moori% art are s rigid & sev]e1 ! ,arabs h n rema9$ exempt f ext]ior influ5ce1 b h adapt$ & incorporat$ =eign feel+ into _! art1 & modifi$ x to _! purpose4 ,a note by ! late ,ow5 ,jones greatly emphasises ?is fact4 ,he says3--8,:5 ! ,mohamm$an religion & civilisation ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lii4 ,panell+ ( a ,recess4 rose ) su* a/oni%+ rapidity 9 ! ,ea/1 ! ,arabs1 9 _! mosques1 made use ( ! mat]ials :i* !y f\nd ready to _! h&s 9 ! ru9s ( old ,roman build+s :i* !y purposely de/roy$2 !y took columns ) _! ,cor9?ian capitals1 etc41 & adapt$ !m to ! arrangem5t requir$ = _! own temples4 ,9 _! subsequ5t works !y did n1 z we %\ld h done1 cont9ue to copy & reproduce ! models :i* 7 at fir/ s conv5i5t to !m2 b1 apply+ to !m _! own peculi> feel+s1 !y gradually dep>t$ f ! orig9al model1 to su* an ext5t at la/1 t b = ! int]m$iate /eps we %\ld be unable to discov] ! lea/ analogy betwe5 !m4 ,yet by ?is process ! capitals ( _! columns c be trac$ back to ! ,cor9?ian ord] :i* !y1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 f\nd s abundantly = _! use40 ,arab art mu/ ev] rema9 di/9ct f e o!r s*ool & /yle1 because ! ess5tial f\ndation ( x is fix$ & limit$4 ,n[1 ^? :o resign !mselves to a /yle ( art r$uce !mselves to =mulas1 to copies1 or to diagrams4 ,greco-,roman art has its =mulas ( ord9ance & propositions2 ,*9o-,japanese art has its *>act]i/ic copies2 & ,syro-,arabian art its ab/ract & geometrical diagrams4 ,! g5]al elem5ts ( ,arabian art1 z appli$ to ar*itecture & decoration1 consi/ ( /alactites1 int]tw9+s1 & ornam5ts4 ,/alactites1 :i* are at ! same "t ornam5ts & memb]s ( ar*itecture1 are employ$ 9 corbell+1 9 cov+1 & 9 p5d5tives1 & are modell$ & sup]pos$ by tapia1 or cut 9 wood & plac$ side by side1 or op5$ into holl[s by sup]ficial cas+s 9 wire & tress+4 ,! int]tw9+s :i* embelli% ! surfaces are c>v$ & trimm$ 9 splitbo>ds ( c>p5try1 or laid 9 comp>tm5ts1 or c>v$ 9 op5 "w1 or engrav$ 9 /one1 wood1 & metal2 or set 9 filigree1 vignettes1 or mosaics4 ,! ornam5ts1 :i* divide !mselves into decoration by embroid]y or embelli%m5t 9 sections1 r$uce !mselves to a small numb] ( elem5ts1 or fl[]-"w cut flat 9 outl9e4 ,! outl9es1 complete 9 ! b\nd>y :i* limits !m1 are q *>act]i/ic4 ,!y d n resemble 9 any way1 except 9 s f> z ! unalt]able laws ( geometry decree1 ! outl9e drawn by ,europeans1 nor ! cursive traits us$ by ! ,*9ese & ,japanese4 ,all ,arab ornam5t is by involution ( l9es2 9 %ort1 x may be said to be entirely geometric4 ,! art ( ! ,mohamm$an1 s p[]ful 9 appeal to ! imag9ation1 n only by beauty & grace1 b by ! doctr9e ( ! ,koran inscrib$ 9 _! temples on e side 9 ornam5t$ *>act]s1--s admirably trac$ t !y appe> to =m "p ( a p]fect$ design proclaim+ ! p[] ( ,allah1 & impress+ ^u ! believ] respect = ! laws & ! love ( virtue2--produces an effect little %ort ( magical4 ,/ill does t art accompany its religion 9 a l+]+ dea?4 ,cru%$ by ! rapid /rides :i* surr\nd+ nations h made 9 ! progress ( civilization1 & :i* h outrun & ru9$ x1 yet d a few bright emanations appe>1 to %[ t z 9 religion !y are fai?ful to _! cre$1 s 9 art d _! crumbl+ monum5ts pres]ve _! %att]$ rema9s on :i* ! obs]v] /ill may see1 9 deep *>act]s1 ! *ronicles ( ! times4 ,9 ! illu/rations :i* accompany ^! brief notes1 ! ,arab's ma/]y ( l9e 9 ! composition ( design may be /udi$1 & its my/]y reveal$2 b to r$uce ^! geometrical int]tw9+s to _! orig9al elem5ts dem&s pati5ce1 application1 & v mu* "t4 ,at fir/ sight ^! diagrams may appe> monoton\s1 b ea* is con/ruct$ on a p>ticul> !me4 ,mo/ ( !m spread ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liii4 ,blank ,w9d[4 ?r\gh\t ! ,ori5t1 & may be m p>ticul>ly /udi$ 9 ! ,moori% monum5ts 9 ,spa91 :]e !y are employ$ indiff]5tly 9 c>v+s1 9 mosaic & inlaid "w1 9 application to *as$ bronze1 & 9 comp>tm5ts ( decoration & embroid]y4 ,! inf9ite v>iety ! arti/s are able to introduce :ile work+ on /rict rules1 :i* admit ( no exception1 is ! result ( in/9ct p]fect$ by c5turies ( practice4 ,t 9 _! "w 0 some?+ to be le>n$1 z well z to be felt1 is evid5t f ! ,moori% poet's exhortation to u to att5tively contemplate ! adornm5ts ( _! palaces1 & !reby reap ! b5efit ( a comm5t>y on decoration4 ,x is1 !n1 = ! b5efit ( /ud5ts :o w\ld "k some?+ m ( ,arabian ornam5tation ?an c be d]iv$ f ! s5sation produc$ by broad effects1 & = lov]s ( ! f9e arts :o w\ld und]/& ! inw>dness ( ,moori% ref9em5t & r$uce its my/]ies to _! prim>y bases1 t ! accompany+ diagrams h be5 reproduc$4 ,at foot ( ea* diagram is add$ a %ort explanatory note2 b x is exp$i5t = ! /ud5t to give consid]ation to ! plan :i* is1 9 e case1 set out 9 dott$ l9es4 ,by ?is means1 he w discov]1 if he approa*es 8 subject ) a free m9d1 t 8 task w (f] less difficulty ?an w\ld appe> at ! outset4 ,to m9utely describe ! con/ruction ( ea* diagram1 &1 at ! same "t comply ) ! /r+5t rules ( geometry1 w\ld occupy mu* too great a space2 nor w\ld ! result1 p]haps1 be proportion$ to ! lab\r4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,greek1 ,,rectil9e>4 #a' ,,greek1 ,,curvil9e>4 #b ,,*9ese1 ,,rectil9e>4 #b' ,,greek1 ,,curvil9e>4 #c & #d1 ,,greek1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,patt]n4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 ,,greek1 ,,int]cal>y ,,patt]ns4 #aa ,,*9ese4 #ab ,,assyrian4 #ac ,,pompeian4 #ad ,,greek4 #ae ,,greek4 #af ,,greek4 #ag ,,*9ese1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,patt]n4 #ah ,,greek1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,patt]n4 #ai ,,*9ese4 #bj ,,*9ese4 #ba ,,arabian4 #bb ,,*9ese4 #bc ,,greek4 #bd ,,r5aissance4 #be ,,arabian4 #bf ,,*9ese4 #bg ,,*9ese4 #bh ,,p]sian4 #bi ,,pompeian4 #cj ,,*9ese4 #ca ,,*9ese4 #cb ,,greek4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liv4 ,ornam5ts on ! ,walls1 ,h\se ( ,san*ez4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 ,,greek ,,& ,,albanian4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,,r5aissance4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 ,,italian4 #ae1 #af1 ,,gallo-,,roman4 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 ,,italian4 #bj ,,italian4 #ba1 #bb1 ,,italian ,,fa,,ence4 #bc ,,pondi*]y4 #bd ,,arabian4 #be1 #bf1 ,,greek4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #aj1 ,,arabian4 #i ,,*9ese4 #aa ,,r5aissance4 #ab ,,greek4 #ac ,,arabian4 #ad ,,arabian4 #ae ,,greek1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,patt]n4 #af ,,greek4 #ag ,,mexican ,,& ,,arabian4 #ah ,,greek4 #ai ,,arabian4 #bj ,,am]ican1 ,,anci5t ,,pott]y4 #ba1 #bb1 ,,arabian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lv4 ,ornam5t 9 panels on ! ,walls4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 ,,egyptian4 #c ,,egyptian ,,necklace4 #d ,,assyrian4 #e ,,pompeian4 #f ,,italian4 #g ,,egyptian4 #h ,,frieze4 #ah,,? ,,c5tury4 #i ,,greek4 #aj ,,unc]ta94 #aa ,,arabian4 #ab ,,frieze4 #ah,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 ,,f ,,pa9t$ ,,vases4 #e ,,greek4 #f ,,ori5tal ,,filigree4 #g1 #h1 ,,greek4 #i ,,p]sian4 #aj ,,greek4 #aa ,,*9ese4 #ab ,,ori5tal ,,filigree4 #ac ,,indian4 #ad1 #ae1 ,,p]sian4 #af ,,arabian4 #ag ,,greek4 #ah ,,p]sian4 #ai ,,ori5tal ,,*as+4 #bj ,,arabian4 #ba ,,p]sian4 #bb ,,turki%4 #bc ,,greek4 #bd ,,passem5t]ie4 #be ,,neapolitan4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #a1 ,,damasc5e4 #b1 #b1 #b1 #b1 ,,arabian4 #c1 #c1 ,,arabian4 #d1 #d1 #d1 ,,damasc5e 7,,analog\s ,,to ,,figs4 #a1 #b1 #c74 #e1 #e1 ,,arabian4 #f1 #f1 ,,arabian4 #g1 #h1 #i1 ,,arabian4 #aj1 #aj1 #aa1 #aa'1 ,,*9ese4 #ab1 #ab1 ,,greek4 #ac1 #ad1 ,,p]sian4 #ae1 #af1 ,,anglo-,,saxon4 ,illu/ration3 ,ornam5t 9 sp&rils ( ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,,greek4 #d ,,egyptian4 #e ,,/yle 8,,labr\/e40 #e ,,byzant9e4 #f ,,greek4 #g1 #g1 ,,greek4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aj1 #aa1 #aa1 ,,greek 7,,p>!non74 ,illu/ration3 ,arabian ,con/ruction4 #a1 #a1 ,,"o ,,spiral4 #b1 #b1 ,,two ,,spirals4 #c1 #c1 ,,?ree ,,spirals4 #d ,,cross ,,qu>t]ly ,,indicat+ ,,positions ,,ess5tial ,,to ,,! motif ,,numb] #c4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,,repetitions ,,( motif ,,numb] #c ,,v>i\sly ,,treat$4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 ,,arrangem5ts ,,by ,,alt]nat+ ,,treatm5t ,,( motif ,,numb] #c4 ,,^! ,,arrangem5ts ,,af=d ,,excell5t ,,examples ,,( ,,! ,,endless ,,div]sity ,,( ,,geometric ,,=ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,c5tre ,ornam5t ( ! ,w9d[4 ,dado4 ,dado4 ,pila/]4 ,pila/]s4 ,mosaic ,dado 9 a w9d[4 ,! recess or divan conta9+ ^! beautiful ,mosaics 01 d\btless1 ! ?rone ( ! ,moori% k+s4 ,! ,mosaics are z p]fect z :5 orig9ally execut$1 & seem1 inde$1 to be imp]i%able4 ,!y are =m$ ( bak$ clay squeez$ into m\lds ( ! diff]5t figures1 glaz$ on ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lviii4 ,mosaic ,dados on pill>s betwe5 w9d[s4 ,! ,mosaic ,dados on ! pill>s pres5t a great v>iety 9 _! patt]ns1 al?\gh ! compon5t p>ts are 9 ea* ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lix4 ,mosaic ,dados on pill>s betwe5 w9d[s4 ,^! ,mosaics1 ?\gh 9 appe>ance s diff]5t f ^? ( ! prec$+ plate1 w be f\nd on exam9ation to be compos$ ( ! same pieces diff]5tly comb9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lx4 ,l9+ ( "o ( ,pila/]4 ! columns4 ,dado4 ,dado4 ,dado4 ,! beautiful ,mosaic 9 ! c5tre ( ?is plate is "p ( ! ,dado4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxi4 ,pavem5t ( ! ,hall ( ! ,ba?s4 ,mosaic ,dado r\nd ! int]nal walls ( ! ,mosque4 ,mosaics f ! ,mosque & ! ,hall ( ! ,ba?s4 ,! ,mosaic ,dados r\nd ! walls ( ! ,mosque appe> to be ! only portions ( ! anci5t private ,mosque atta*$ to ! ,palace :i* h be5 pres]v$ intact 9 _! orig9al situation4 ,! motto ( ! ,k+s ( ,granada1 8,!re is no conqu]or b ,god10 0 replac$ by 8,nec plus ultra0 ( ,*>les ,v41 :5 ! ,mosque 0 conv]t$ by him into a *apel4 ,! beautiful ,mosaic at ! top ( ! plate is plac$ r\nd ! f\nta9 ( ! ,*amb] ( ,repose ( ! ,ba?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxii4 ,azulejos4 ,pa9t$ ,tiles4 ,on ! floor ( "o ( ! alcoves ( ! ,hall ( ,ju/ice are to be se5 ! pa9t$ tiles del9eat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ?is plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxiii4 ,mosaics 9 ! ,ba?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxiv4 ,mosaic f ! portico ( ! ,g5]alife4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,,v>iations ,,on ,a ,,*9ese motif4 #d1 #e1 #f1 ,,v>iations ,,on ,a motif ,,hispano-,,arabian4 #g1 #h1 #i1 ,,v>iations ,,on ,a motif1 ,,syro-,,arabian4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 ,,v>iations ,,on ,a motif1 ,,gallo-,,roman4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxv4 ,ornam5ts 9 ,panels4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,simple ,,plait1 ,,undulat$4 #b ,,d\ble ,,plait4 #c ,,simple ,,plait1 ,,int]sect$4 #d ,,plait1 ,,f ,a ,,greek ,,vase4 #e ,,r$\bl$ ,,plait1 ,,greek4 #f ,,inflect$ ,,plait1 ,,greek4 #g ,,inflect$ ,,plait1 ,,greek4 #h ,,quadrupl$ ,,plaits1 ,,int]lac$1 ,,sicilian4 #i ,,sicilian4 #aj ,,triple ,,plait1 ,,greek4 #aa ,,triple ,,plait1 ,,greek4 #ab ,,div]sifi$ ,,plait1 ,,neapolitan4 #ac ,,greek4 #ad ,,greek4 #ae ,,arabian4 #af ,,p]sian 7,,?ree ,,plaits1 ,,int]sect$74 #ag ,,greek4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxvi4 ,ornam5ts ov] ,ar*es at "o ( ! ,entrances4 ,illu/ration3 ,egypto-,arabian ,knot1 or ,net-"w4 #a ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,! ,,p5tagon4 #b ,,v>iety ,,( ,,proce$+4 #c1 #d1 ,,trigonometrical4 #e ,,octagonal4 #f ,,heptagonal4 #g ,,quadrilat]al4 #h ,,octagonal4 ,illu/ration3 ,indo-,syro-,arabian ,knot1 or ,net-"w4 #a ,,squ>es ,,& ,,octagons4 #b ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,squ>es4 #c ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,! ,,squ>e3 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,a ,,dodecagon ,,& ,,o!r ,,figures ,,are ,,=m$ ,,by ,,sub-,,division4 #d ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,! ,,squ>e3 ,,! ,,angles ,,be+ ,,divid$1 ,,! ,,result+ ,,rays ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,figures ,,by ,,int]section4 #e ,,analog\s ,,to ,,figure #b4 #f ,,trigonometrical4 #g ,,hexagonal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxvii4 ,ornam5ts on ! ,walls4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #a'1 ,,brick ,,fac+s ,,f ,,rosetta4 #b1 #c1 #d1 ,,arabian4 #e ,,japanese4 #f ,,greco-,,assyrian4 #g ,,arabian4 #h ,,*9ese4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,arabian4 #b ,,ornam5t$ ,,brick1 ,,rosetta4 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 ,,f\r ,,analog\s motifs1 ,,respectively ,,*9ese1 ,,arabian 7bis7 ,,& ,,greco-,,assyrian4 #g ,,arabian4 #h ,,greco-,,egyptian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxviii4 ,ornam5ts 9 ,panels on ! ,walls4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,arabian 7,,damascus74 #b ,,ceil+1 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 #c1 #d1 #e1 ,,arabian 7,,damascus78 #f ,,indian4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,,arabian4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,incru/ation ,,on ,,pott]y1 ,,f ,,oiron4 #b ,,r5aissance4 #c ,,mexican4 #d ,,*9ese4 #e ,,egyptian4 #f ,,arabian4 #g1 #h1 #i1 ,,e>ly ,,tiles1 ,,f ,,damascus1 ,,rome1 ,,& ,,flor5ce ,,respectively4 #aj ,,italian4 #aa1 #aa'1 ,,egyptian4 #ab ,,italian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxix4 ,small ,panel 9 ,jamb ( a ,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,p]sian4 #b ,,arabian ,,ceil+1 ,,f ,,cairo4 #c ,,ceil+1 ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,duban4 #d ,,byzant9e4 #e ,,*9ese4 #f ,,pompeian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxx4 ,small ,panel 9 ,jamb ( a ,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 ,,lace-,,"w4 #c1 #c'1 ,,egyptian4 #d1 #d'1 ,,egyptian4 #e1 #f1 ,,egyptian4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,,anglo-,,saxon4 #d ,,egyptian4 ,,/rangely ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #c4 #e1 #f1 #g1 ,,anglo-,,saxon4 #h ,,egyptian4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,,arabian4 #b ,,italian4 #c ,,r5aissance4 #d ,,arabian4 #e ,,arabian4 #f ,,arabian4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 ,,f ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,croix1 ,,j]usalem4 #d ,,sicilian4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,,arabian4 #i1 #aj1 ,,*isell+s ,,on ,,/one1 ,,j]usalem4 #aa ,,m>ble ,,*as+1 ,,j]usalem4 #ab1 #ac1 ,,arabian ,,*as+s1 ,,on ,,copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxi4 ,panel 9 ! ,upp] ,*amb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,san*ez4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 8,,palmettes0 ,,f ,,! ,,pr[s ,,( dahabiehs 7,,nile ,,boats7 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,,greek1 ,,f ,,examples ,,at ,,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 #a-i4 ,,?is ,,plate ,,is ,,devot$ ,,to ,,curvil9e> ,,figures1 ,,*iefly ,,f ,,a!ns4 ,,figure #g ,,is ,,f ,a ,,mural ,,decoration ,,at ,,pompeii4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plates ,,hexagonal ,,family ,illu/ration3 #a ,,plan1 ,,triangul>4 ,,to ,,describe ,,! ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,,plan1 ,,triangul>4 ,,l>ge ,,& ,,small] ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,,plan1 ,,triangul>4 ,,curvil9eal ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #d ,,triangles ,,curtail$2 ,,or1 ,,t]n>y ,,hexagons ,,int]sect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxii4 ,sp&ril f ,ni*e ( ,doorway at "o ( ! ,entrances4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,,int]sections ,,9 ,,comp>tm5ts4 ,,five ,,figures--,,l>ge ,,& ,,small] ,,hexagon2 ,,hexagon ,,( ,,unequal ,,l5g?2 ,,dove-,,tail$ ,,hexagon2 ,,hexagonal ,,/>2 ,,triangle4 ,illu/ration3 #f ,,hexagons ,,int]sect$ ,,circul>ly ,,by ,,! ,,six ,,po9ts1 ,,! ,,apices ,,unit$ ,,by ,a ,,triangle4 ,,f\r ,,figures--,,/>1 ,,p5tagon1 ,,triangle1 ,,loz5ge4 ,illu/ration3 #g ,,hexagons1 ,,int]sect$ ,,by ,,! ,,apices4 ,,?ree ,,figures--,,/>1 ,,loz5ge1 ,,dodecagon4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,division ,,draw ,,hexagonal ,,/>s4 ,,! ,,plan ,,is ,,int]sect$ ,,by ,,deta*$ ,,hexagons ,,enclos+ ,,! ,,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,,triangles ,,enclos$1 ,,& ,,leav+ ,,hexagonal ,,/>s1 ,,! ,,/>s ,,be+ ,,jo9$ ,,by ,,zig-,,zag ,,b&s4 ,illu/ration3 #aj ,,hexagonal ,,/>1 ,,( ,,:i* ,a ,,side ,,f ,,ea* ,,apex ,,is ,,ext5d$ ,,9 ,,revolv+2 ,,?ree ,,/>s ,,?us ,,revolv$ ,,are ,,jo9$ ,,by ,a ,,b&4 ,illu/ration3 #aa ,,b&s ,,envelop+ ,a ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #ab ,,rectangles ,,int]sect+ ,,regul>ly ,,by ,,?rees1 ,,& ,,int]lac$ ,,by ,,_! ,,small] ,,sides1 ,,_! ,,extremities1 ,,p5etrat+1 ,,=m+ ,,?ree ,,pairs ,,( ,,p5tagons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxiii4 ,l9tel ( a ,doorway4 ,illu/ration3 #ac ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,triangles ,,( ,,division ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces2 ,,divide ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,9 ,,twelve ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,& ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,five ,,9 ,,five ,,divisions2 ,,?us ,,/>s ,,( ,,six ,,po9ts ,,are ,,obta9$4 ,,^! ,,/>s ,,conta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,enclosure ,a ,,hexagon ,,( ,,t]n>y ,,symmetry1 ,,) ,,angles ,,alt]nately ,,"r ,,& ,,obtuse4 ,illu/ration3 #ad ,illu/ration3 #ae ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,division ,,describe ,a ,,circumf]5ce4 ,,) ,a ,,radius ,,equal ,,to ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,triangle4 ,,inscribe ,a ,,dodecagon2 ,,!n ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,?ree ,,9 ,,?ree ,,divisions ,,f ,,! ,,o!r ,,diagonals ,,:i* ,,=m ,,! ,,squ>es4 ,illu/ration3 #af ,,figure ,,analog\s ,,to ,,figure #h4 q4v4 ,illu/ration3 #ag ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,division ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,hav+ ,a ,,radius ,,equal ,,to ,,"o-,,?ird ,,( ,a ,,side2 ,,sub-,,divide ,,!m ,,into ,,twelve ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,!n ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,?ree ,,9 ,,?ree ,,divisions4 ,,! ,,radius ,,( ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,w\ld ,,be ,,small] ,,or ,,l>g] ,,?an ,,! ,,"o-,,?ird ,,( ,,! ,,side2 ,,& ,,!n1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,an ,,adju/m5t1 ,,! ,,squ>es ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,apices ,,w\ld ,,h ,a ,,side ,,equal ,,to ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 #ah ,,dodecagons ,,int]sect$ ,,by ,,ea* ,,o!r1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,obta9$ ,,by ,,sub-,,division ,,( ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,into ,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 #ai ,,dodecagons ,,conta9+ ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>s ,,sub-,,divid$ ,,by ,,b&s4 ,,! ,,radius ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagons ,,is ,,equal ,,to ,,half ,a ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,division4 ,illu/ration3 #bj ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,describe ,a ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,) ,,its ,,radius ,,equal ,,to ,,half ,a ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,triangles4 ,,! ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>s ,,& ,,b&s ,,:i* ,,are ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,!m ,,c\ld ,,be ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,proportions4 ,illu/ration3 #ba ,,di/ribution ,,proce$+ ,,f ,,hexagons ,,& ,,triangles4 ,illu/ration3 #bb ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>s ,,& ,,hexagons1 ,,f ,,:i* ,,proce$ ,,b&-,,"w ,,& ,,loz5ges4 ,illu/ration3 #bc ,,hexagons1 ,,triangles1 ,,& ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 #bd ,,subject ,,simil> ,,to ,,numb] #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxiv4 ,capital ( ,columns4 ,illu/ration3 #be ,,l>ge ,,hexagons ,,cross$ ,,& ,,cut ,,by ,,figures ,,qu>t]$ ,,by ,,eight ,,sides2 ,,horizontal ,,& ,,v]tical ,,b&s ,,proce$+ ,,f ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 #bf ,,f ,,! ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,division ,,describe ,,! ,,circumf]5ces1 ,,& ,,divide ,,!m ,,into ,,twelve ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,by ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,/> ,,?us ,,made1 ,,describe ,,six ,,half-,,circles1 ,,9 ,,ea* ,,case ,,=m+ ,a ,,rosette4 ,,small ,,int]cal>y ,,circles ,,unite ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #bg ,,ea* ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/> ,,is ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,six ,,hexagons1 ,,:i*1 ,,9 ,,_! ,,turn1 ,,di/ribute ,,_! ,,l9es ,,to ,,=m ,,l>g] ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #bh ,,ea* ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/> ,,is ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,six ,,hexagons1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,supplem5t$ ,,by ,,p]p5dicul> ,,l9es1 ,,:i*1 ,,by ,,int]sect+ ,,octagons ,,!mselves1 ,,are ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,complet+ ,,small ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #bi ,,f ,,! ,,upp] ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,squ>es ,,( ,,division ,,trace ,,/>s ,,six-,,po9t$1 ,,rotat+ ,,alt]nately ,,z ,,%[n ,,9 ,,diagram4 ,,! ,,junction ,,( ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,division ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #cj ,,alt]nat+ ,,dispositions ,,( ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>1 ,,) ,,ext]ior ,,rosette ,,( ,,six ,,hexagons4 ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,be+ ,,divid$ ,,into ,,?ree ,,equal ,,p>ts ,,by ,a ,,fir/ ,,& ,,second ,,radius1 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,is ,,made1 ,,)9 ,,:i* ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,six ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #ca ,,subject ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb]s #bh1 #bi4 ,illu/ration3 #cb ,,alt]nat+ ,,disposition ,,( ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>1 ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,six ,,hexagons4 ,,sub-,,divide ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,into ,,?ree ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,! ,,conjunction ,,( ,,! ,,radii ,,) ,,!m1 ,,& ,,) ,,! ,,m$ials ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e1 ,,make ,,! ,,figure4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,a ,,l9eal ,,subject1 ,,alt]nat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxv4 ,capital ( ,columns4 ,illu/ration3 #cc ,,hexagonal ,,& ,,octagonal ,,di/ribution4 ,illu/ration3 #cd ,,hexagonal ,,di/ribution4 ,,p5tagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #ce ,,hexagonal ,,/> ,,inscrib+ ,a ,,second ,,six-,,po9t$ ,,/>4 ,,! ,,int]sections ,,give ,,loz5ges ,,& ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #cf ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,divide ,,opposite ,,l9es ,,into ,,?ree1 ,,& ,,by ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,c>ry ,,two ,,cross ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxvi4 ,capital ( ,columns4 ,illu/ration3 #cg ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,hexagonal ,,/> ,,& ,,hexagonal ,,rosette ,,enclos$ ,,by ,,regul> ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #ch ,,hexagonal1 ,,squ>e1 ,,& ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,hexagonal ,,di/ribution4 ,,dodecagon ,,/> ,,9 ,,c5tres4 ,illu/ration3 #ci ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,hexagonal ,,disposition4 ,illu/ration3 #dj ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,hexagons ,,& ,,triangles2 ,,int]sect$ ,,hexagons2 ,,hexagonal ,,curvil9e> ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxvii4 ,,seville4 ,socle ( ! ,entrance ,ar* to ! ,ante*apel4 ,illu/ration3 #da ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,dodecagonal ,,/>s2 ,,hexagonal ,,/>s ,,enclos$ ,,by ,,regul> ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #db ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,describe ,a ,,circumf]5ce2 ,,divide ,,circumf]5ce ,,into ,,eight ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,/>r$ ,,octagons ,,are ,,?us ,,obta9$1 ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,sides ,,( ,,:i* ,,det]m9e ,,quadrilat]al ,,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 #dc ,,curvil9eal ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,figure #db4 ,illu/ration3 #dd ,,octagonal ,,/>s2 ,,int]sect+ ,,loz5ges1 ,,squ>es1 ,,trilat]als4 ,illu/ration3 #de ,,divide ,,! ,,squ>e ,,into ,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,! ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,l9e ,,) ,,! ,,m$ian ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,gives ,,! ,,radius ,,( ,a ,,circumf]5ce4 ,,! ,,diagonal ,,l9es ,,give ,,an ,,octagonal ,,/>4 ,illu/ration3 #df ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,a ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,& ,,by ,,diagonals ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon4 ,illu/ration3 #dg ,,curvil9e> ,,& ,,undulat+ ,,octagons ,,& ,,p5tagons4 ,illu/ration3 #dh ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,/>r$ ,,& ,,regul> ,,octagons1 ,,) ,,/>r$ ,,p5tagons4 ,illu/ration3 #di ,,octagonal ,,rosettes ,,foll[+ ,,isoceles ,,triangle ,,) ,,p5tagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,regul> ,,octagons ,,int]cal>y4 ,illu/ration3 #ej ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,%[n ,,9 ,,plan1 ,,9 ,,:i* ,,are ,,c>ri$ ,,diagonals4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,inscribe ,a ,,squ>e4 ,,! ,,int]sections ,,( ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,/> ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #ea ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t1 ,,& ,,divide ,,into ,,sixte5 ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,by ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,division ,,describe ,a ,,p5tagon ,,/>r$4 ,,by ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,an ,,octagon ,,/>r$1 ,,f ,,:i* ,,emanates ,,an ,,octagon ,,rosette4 ,,hexagons ,,regul> ,,& ,,/>r$4 ,illu/ration3 #eb ,,divide ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ces ,,into ,,sixte5 ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,simil> ,,disposition ,,to ,,figure ,,numb] #di1 ,,b ,,) ,,diff]5t ,,treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ec ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan2 ,,inscribe ,,!re9 ,,by ,,! ,,diagonals ,a ,,/>1 ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,:i*1 ,,prolong$ ,,& ,,int]sect$ ,,by ,,! ,,octagonal ,,/>1 ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #ed ,,divide ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan ,,into ,,?irty-,,two ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,inscribe ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts1 ,,! ,,prolongation ,,( ,,its ,,l9es ,,=m+ ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte54 ,illu/ration3 #ee ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,plan ,,by ,,radiat+ ,,l9es ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon2 ,,! ,,prolongation ,,& ,,meet+ ,,( ,,its ,,l9es ,,9 ,,repetition ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #ef ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,f\r ,,equal ,,squ>es ,,trace ,,an ,,octagonal ,,rosette1 ,,aft] ,,hav+ ,,tak5 ,,9 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts1 ,,:i* ,,l5ds ,,its ,,l9es ,,to ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,,eight ,,surr\nd+ ,,cruci=m ,,figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxviii4 ,,seville4 ,socle ( ! ,entrance ,ar* to ! ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 #eg ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,f\r ,,equal ,,squ>es ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,inscribe ,,!re9 ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,octagon1 ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,sides ,,( ,,:i* ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,quadrilat]al ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #eh ,,! ,,squ>e ,,( ,,di/ribution ,,is ,a ,,rectangle ,,l5g!n$1 ,,f ,,:i* ,,octagons ,,are ,,trac$4 ,,t]n>y ,,/>s1 ,,yet ,,) ,,six ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,pair$ ,,/>s ,,) ,,five ,,po9ts ,,fill ,,9 ,,! ,,rectangle4 ,illu/ration3 #ei ,,design ,,( ,,f\r ,,figures4 ,,an ,,octagon1 ,a ,,hexagon ,,pair$1 ,a ,,/>r$ ,,p5tagon1 ,,& ,a ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #fj ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #eh1 ,,) ,,clos] ,,developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 #fa ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon1 ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,=m ,,an ,,octagonal ,,rosette1 ,,sep>at$ ,,by ,a ,,regul> ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #fb ,,divide ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan ,,into ,,sixte5 ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,! ,,diagonals ,,w ,,give ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts1 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i*1 ,,ext5d$1 ,,=m ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts ,,)9 ,a ,,squ>e4 ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,int]sect ,,regul> ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #fc ,,describe ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,inscribe ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon ,,enclos$ ,,)9 ,a ,,regul> ,,octagon1 ,a ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon ,,)9 ,,alt]nate ,,hexagons1 ,,& ,a ,,cruci=m ,,figure ,,)9 ,a ,,f\r-,,po9t$ ,,/>4 ,illu/ration3 #fc' ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan1 ,,& ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon2 ,,f ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,is ,,=m$ ,a ,,cruci=m ,,figure4 ,,f ,,o!r ,,c5tres ,,inscribe ,,/>r$ ,,& ,,regul> ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seville4 ,detail ( ! ,tiles ( ! ,alt>4 ,illu/ration3 #fd ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,sides ,,are ,,prolong$4 ,,by ,,^! ,,prolongations1 ,,& ,,by ,,octagonal ,,figures ,,9 ,,pairs1 ,,! ,,trac+ ,,is ,,complete4 ,illu/ration3 #fe ,,divide ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,& ,,inscribe ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,int]sect+ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #ff ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #fe4 ,illu/ration3 #fg ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,=m ,,! ,,unequal ,,limbs ,,( ,a ,,rosette1 ,,& ,a ,,cruci=m ,,figure ,,)9 ,a ,,squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxx4 ,,seville4 ,socle 9 ! ,int]ior ( ! ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 #fh ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,:i* ,,prolong$ ,,inscribe ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosette4 ,,f\r ,,rosettes ,,p5etrate ,,ea* ,,o!r1 ,,& ,,are ,,ea* ,,invad$ ,,by ,a ,,/> ,,hav+ ,,triangul> ,,webs4 ,illu/ration3 #fi ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan ,,describe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,:i* ,,prolong$ ,,=m ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosette4 ,,! ,,rosette1 ,,by ,,ext5d+ ,,l9es1 ,,is ,,surr\nd$ ,,by ,,twelve ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #gj ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,design ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #fi4 ,,by ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosette ,,hexagons ,,are ,,gr\p$4 ,illu/ration3 #ga ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,design ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #gj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxi4 ,,seville4 ,socle 9 ! ,int]ior ( ! ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 #gb ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,divid$ ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,rosette1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,describe ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,p5tagon4 ,illu/ration3 #gc ,,curvil9e> ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,numb] #gb ,,by ,,! ,,sub/itution ,,( ,,arcs ,,= ,,rectil9eal ,,features4 ,illu/ration3 #gd ,,divide ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,inscribe ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,describe ,,! ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #ge ,,describe ,,?ree ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,! ,,rosette ,,becomes ,,entire ,,by ,,l9es ,,ext5d$ ,,f ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,,cross$ ,,l9es ,,f ,,! ,,rosette ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 #gf ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,numb] #ge4 ,,rosette ,,id5tical4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,a ,,squ>e ,,describe ,,an ,,octagon1 ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,sides ,,( ,,:i* ,,invade ,,! ,,squ>e ,,:i* ,,figures ,,ar\nd ,,! ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #gg ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,trace ,a ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,cut ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #gh ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,trace ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,,?us ,,are ,,det]m9$ ,,rosettes ,,plac$ ,,end ,,to ,,end1 ,,ea* ,,9 ,a ,,regul> ,,hexagon4 ,illu/ration3 #gi ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,! ,,rosette ,,is ,,det]m9$ ,,by ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,,?is ,,design ,,is ,,mo/ ,,div]sifi$1 ,,& ,,capable ,,( ,,exhau/ive ,,=ms ,,( ,,ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 #hj ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,draw ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,:i* ,,det]m9es ,,! ,,rosette1 ,,! ,,cross$ ,,l9es ,,at ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,rosette ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,_m ,,regul> ,,hexagons ,,& tricles4 ,illu/ration3 #ha ,,hexagonal ,,di/ribution4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,draw ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,rosette1 ,,! ,,alt]nately ,,cross$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,=m ,a tricle1 ,,)9 ,a ,,second ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan1 ,,draw ,a ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,=m+ ,,six ,,regul> ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #hb ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,,! ,,l9es ,,ext5d$ ,,=m ,,an ,,out] ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,& ,,by ,,cross+ ,,describes ,a ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon ,,& ,a ,,loz5ge1 ,,)9 ,,:i* ,,is ,a ,,cruci=m ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #hb' ,,! ,,radius ,,( ,,! ,,circumf]5ce ,,is ,,equal ,,to ,a ,,?ird ,,( ,,! ,,height ,,( ,,! ,,triangle1 ,,& ,,! ,,squ>e ,,makes ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,f\r ,,po9ts ,,at ,,ea* ,,angle4 ,illu/ration3 #hc ,,draw ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,det]m9$ ,,by ,,int]tw9$ ,,squ>es4 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon1 ,,ext5d$ ,,at ,,int]vals1 ,,=m ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,f\r ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #hd ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,an ,,inn] ,,& ,,out] ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,ext5d$ ,,=m ,a ,,/>r$ ,,& ,,regul> ,,hexagon1 ,,includ+ ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagon ,,:i* ,,m]ges ,,into ,a ,,cruci=m ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #he ,,trace ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,! ,,f\r-,,po9t$ ,,/>s4 ,,foll[ ,,diagonals ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,illu/ration3 #hf ,,draw ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,an ,,inn] ,,& ,,out] ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,inn] ,,dodecagon ,,=m ,,six ,,squ>es ,,:i* ,,invade ,a ,,regul> ,,dodecagon4 ,illu/ration3 ,mosaics f ,v>i\s ,halls4 ,illu/ration3 #hg ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,an ,,inn] ,,& ,,out] ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,& ,a ,,regul> ,,dodecagon ,,by ,,diagonals4 ,illu/ration3 #hh ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,divide ,,!m ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,& ,,draw ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,eight ,,9 ,,eight ,,divisions4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #hi ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon ,,& ,,! ,,triangle ,,assembl$4 ,,by ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,an ,,irregul> ,,polygon1 ,,& ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,limbs ,,are ,,=m$4 ,illu/ration3 #ij ,,isoceles ,,plan4 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,is ,,drawn ,,9 ,a ,,squ>e ,,& ,,divid$ ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,a ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,conc5tric ,,to ,,! ,,fir/1 ,,completes ,,! ,,rosette ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,diagonals4 ,,! ,,small ,,hexagon ,,& ,,! ,,octagon ,,are ,,trac$4 ,illu/ration3 #ia ,,describe ,,circumf]5ce ,,& ,,divide ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,! ,,regul> ,,dodecagon ,,is ,,drawn4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,& ,,out] ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagons ,,are ,,describ$ ,,by ,,radiat+ ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #ib ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,hexagon ,,& ,,! ,,triangle4 ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts ,,spr++ ,,f ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,is ,,enclos$ ,,by ,a ,,hexagon1 ,,trellis$1 ,,f ,,:i* ,,! tricles ,,are ,,drawn4 ,illu/ration3 #ic ,,( ,,simil> ,,int5tion ,,to ,,numb] #ib1 ,,b ,,an ,,irregul> ,,hexagon ,,receives ,,int]cal>y ,,loz5ges4 ,illu/ration3 #id ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,trac$ ,,by ,,trellis$ ,,net-,,"w4 ,,! ,,hexagon ,,envelop$ ,,9 ,,spirals4 ,illu/ration3 #ie ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,hexagon ,,envelop$ ,,9 ,,spirals4 ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #id4 ,illu/ration3 #if ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,octagon1 ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,circle1 ,,assembl$4 ,,f ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,octagons ,a ,,curvil9eal ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #ig ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes4 ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,! ,,octagonal ,,/>s ,,receive ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,hexagonal ,,& ,,p5tagonal ,,/>s4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #ih ,,divide ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,hexagonal ,,rosette ,,describe ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,tang5t ,,to ,,! ,,fir/1 ,,& ,,divide ,,into ,,twelve ,,p>ts4 ,,by ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,compris$ ,,complete ,,! ,,rosette2 ,,!n1 ,,dep5d+ ,,on ,,! ,,p5tagon--,,:i*1 ,,?\gh ,,irregul>1 ,,rules ,,all--,,trace ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,figure ,,:i* ,,/&s ,,on ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxiii4 ,mosaics f ,v>i\s ,halls4 ,illu/ration3 #ii ,,isoceles ,,plan4 ,,divide ,,! ,,space ,,surr\nd+ ,,! ,,acute ,,apices ,,( ,,! ,,loz5ge ,,into ,,tw5ty ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,obtuse ,,apices ,,into ,,sixte54 ,,9 ,,! ,,"o ,,draw ,a ,,/>r$ ,,decagonal1 ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,o!r ,a ,,/>r$ ,,octagonal ,,rosette4 ,,! ,,adju/m5t ,,( ,,two ,,types ,,s ,,diff]5t ,,is ,,n ,,consid]$ ,,successful4 ,illu/ration3 #ajj ,,diagram ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon1 ,,hexagon ,,& ,,squ>e4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,a ,,regul> ,,octagon1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,supreme4 ,,!n ,,f ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts2 ,,la/ly1 ,,f ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,six ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #aja ,,divide ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan1 ,,! ,,"o ,,into ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,& ,,! ,,o!r ,,into ,,twelve ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,= ,,! ,,re/1 ,,! ,,c5tres ,,be+ ,,indicat$1 ,,x ,,is ,,easy ,,to ,,trace ,,! ,,arcs1 ,,& ,,s ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #ajb ,,! ,,loz5ge ,,& ,,trellis$ ,,rosette ,,emanat+ ,,f ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,r[ ,,by ,,r[ ,,) ,,dodecagonal ,,rosette ,,spr++ ,,f ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxiv4 ,"p ( ,ceil+ ( a ,portico4 ,illu/ration3 #ajc ,,describe ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,by ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon ,,describe ,a ,,regul> ,,hexagon4 ,,by ,,l9es ,,ext5d$ ,,f ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,hexagon ,,! ,,twelve-,,po9t$ ,,rosette ,,is ,,=m$1 ,,con/ruct+ ,,at ,,! ,,same ,,"t ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon4 ,illu/ration3 #ajd ,,design ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #ajc1 ,,b ,,) ,,*ange ,,( motif4 ,illu/ration3 #aje ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$ ,,& ,,inscribe ,a ,,/>r$ ,,dodecagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,=m ,,an ,,out] ,,/> ,,also ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts2 ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,octagon ,,is ,,con/itut$ ,,by ,,po9ts ,,prolong$ ,,f ,,! ,,dodecagon4 ,illu/ration3 #ajf ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,simil> ,,gr\nd-,,"w ,,to ,,t ,,( ,,numb] #aje4 ,,! ,,dodecagonal ,,& ,,octagonal ,,rosettes ,,are ,,describ$ ,,by ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ces4 ,illu/ration3 #ajg ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,simil> ,,gr\nd-,,"w ,,to ,,numb]s #aje ,,& #ajf4 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,consid]ably ,,*ang$4 ,illu/ration3 #ajh ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,inscribe ,,! ,,p5tagon1 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,e/abli% ,,! ,,octagonal ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette1 ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,! ,,dodecagonal ,,rosette ,,& ,,/>4 ,illu/ration3 #aji ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,! ,,fl[]-,,"w ,,:i* ,,accompanies ,,! ,,irregul> ,,octagon1 ,,?\gh ,,indep5d5t ,,( ,,geometric ,,con/ruction1 ,,is ,,yet ,,)9 ,,! ,,propulsion ,,( ,,! ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #aaj ,,gr\nd-,,"w ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #ajh1 ,,b ,,on ,a ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,gov]n ,,! ,,enneagonal ,,& ,,dodecagonal ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #aaa ,,curvil9e> ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,numb] #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 #aab ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,enneagonal ,,& ,,dodecagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes4 ,,! ,,dodecagon ,,only ,,p>tially ,,display$4 ,illu/ration3 #aac ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,simil> ,,con/ruction ,,to ,,numb] #aab4 ,,! ,,dodecagonal ,,/>1 ,,rosette1 ,,& ,,out] ,,/>1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,9 ,,! ,,diagram ,,numb] #aab ,,only ,,p>tially ,,se51 ,,are ,,"h ,,display$4 ,illu/ration3 #aad ,,triangul> ,,plan4 ,,f ,a ,,c5tre ,,z ,,9 ,,plan ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces1 ,,:i* ,,rule ,,! ,,dodecagonal ,,/>1 ,,rosette1 ,,& ,,out] ,,/>4 ,,_m ,,( ,,! ,,figures ,,are ,,drawn ,,indep5d5tly1 ,,?\gh ,,gov]n$ ,,by ,,divisions4 ,illu/ration3 #aae ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,inscribe ,a ,,decagonal ,,rosette1 ,,f ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,:i* ,,proce$ ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,/>1 ,,! ,,regul> ,,octagon1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,figures4 ,illu/ration3 #aaf ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,two ,,diff]5t ,,rosettes1 ,,"o ,,( ,,twelve ,,& ,,! ,,o!r ,,( ,,fifte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,dodecagonal ,,rosette ,,is1 ,,h[ev]1 ,,only ,,p>tially ,,%[n ,,"h4 ,illu/ration3 #aag ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,trace ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,l9es ,,ext5d$ ,,w ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #aah ,,curvil9e> ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,numb] #aag4 ,illu/ration3 #aai ,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$1 ,,& ,,! ,,result+ ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts1 ,,:i* ,,w\ld ,,naturally ,,be ,,rectil9e>1 ,,may ,,be ,,easily ,,trans=m$ ,,to ,,curvil9e>2 ,,:ile ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,/>s1 ,,treat$ ,,9 ,,undulat+ ,,=m1 ,,become ,,fl[]-,,"w ,,or ,,foliage4 ,illu/ration3 #abj ,,same ,,gr\nd-,,"w ,,z ,,numb] #aai4 ,,b ,,"h ,,! ,,rosette ,,is ,,/>r$1 ,,end ,,on ,,end1 ,,ab\t ,,! ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #aba ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,! ,,circumf]5ce ,,gov]n+ ,,! ,,heptagon ,,is ,,divid$ ,,into ,,equal ,,p>ts2 ,,by ,,prolong+ ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,heptagon ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts ,,is ,,inscrib$4 ,illu/ration3 #abb ,,circumf]5ces ,,tang5t ,,to ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #abc ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,! ,,rectil9eal ,,rosette ,,numb] #abb4 ,,! ,,figures ,,9 ,,o!r ,,respects ,,id5tical4 ,illu/ration3 #abd ,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,hexagon ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,eighte5 ,,po9ts ,,& ,,t ,,( ,,n9e ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,is ,,b ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,adju/m5t4 ,illu/ration3 #abe ,,design ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #abd4 ,,9 ,,?is ,,arrangem5t1 ,,two ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,heptagon ,,prolong$ ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,eighte5 ,,& ,,t ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #abf ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,tw5ty ,,po9ts 7,,! ,,half ,,( ,,:i* ,,is ,,%[n ,,9 ,,! ,,diagram74 ,,9 ,a ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ce ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #abg ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon1 ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,squ>e ,,assembl$4 ,,by ,,! ,,middle ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon ,,inscribe ,a ,,/> ,,& ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,po9ts4 ,,)9 ,,! ,,hexagon ,,inscribe ,,two ,,triangles ,,f ,a ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ce4 ,a ,,loz5ge ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,betwe5 ,,opposite ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e4 ,,la/ly1 ,,by tricles rvolvs1 ,,all ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es ,,are ,,reconcil$4 ,illu/ration3 #abh ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,dodecagon1 ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,squ>e ,,assembl$4 ,,9 ,,! ,,dodecagon ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,po9ts2 ,,9 ,,! ,,hexagon ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts2 ,,&1 ,,la/ly1 ,,9 ,,! ,,squ>e ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,eight ,,po9ts4 ,a ,,little ,,p5tagonal ,,/> ,,reconciles ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #abi ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,dodecagon1 ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,squ>e ,,assembl$4 ,,9 ,,! ,,dodecagon ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts4 ,,9 ,,! ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ce ,,six ,,hexagons4 ,,! ,,squ>e ,,gov]ns ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #acj ,,! ,,rosettes ,,are ,,z ,,9 ,,numb] #abi4 ,,! ,,small] ,,hexagons ,,gov]n ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,figures4 ,illu/ration3 #aca ,,squ>e ,,plan2 ,,di/ribution ,,foll[s ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,octagon ,,& ,,squ>e4 ,,! ,,rosette ,,is ,,l9k$ ,,by ,,! ,,small] ,,octagons4 ,illu/ration3 #acb ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #aca4 ,illu/ration3 #acc ,,octagons ,,& ,,squ>es ,,assembl$4 ,,! ,,octagonal ,,rosette ,,gov]ns4 ,illu/ration3 #acd ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,describe ,a ,,circle ,,9 ,,:i* ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,a ,,/> ,,) ,,sides ,,prolong$1 ,,det]m9+ ,,an ,,octagonal ,,rosette4 ,,by ,,conc5tric ,,circles1 ,,some:at ,,arbitr>y1 ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts ,,is ,,det]m9$4 ,illu/ration3 #ace ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,9 ,a ,,circle ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,an ,,octagonal ,,rosette1 ,,& ,,take ,a ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ce ,,9 ,,:i* ,,to ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #acf ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,octagon ,,& ,,squ>e4 ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circle ,,conta9s ,,arcs ,,compos+ ,a ,,curvil9e> ,,rosette1 ,,)9 ,,:i* ,,is ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,five ,,po9ts4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,squ>e ,,plan ,a ,,curvil9e> ,,rosette ,,enclos+ ,,an ,,octagonal ,,rosette ,,) ,,sides ,,prolong$1 ,,br++ ,,into ,,accord ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #acg ,,sub-,,divide ,,! ,,ma9 ,,circle ,,into ,,?irty-,,two ,,equal ,,p>ts1 ,,& ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,o!r ,,circles ,,are ,,inscrib$1 ,,ea* ,,conta9+ ,a ,,p]fect ,,octagon4 ,illu/ration3 #ach ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,octagon ,,& ,,squ>e4 ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,eight ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,9 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,tang5t ,,inscribe ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,rosettes ,,are ,,br\ght ,,into ,,accord ,,by ,,! ,,hexagons4 ,illu/ration3 #aci ,,9 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,indicat$ ,,9 ,,! ,,squ>e ,,plan ,,inscribe ,,! ,,octagonal ,,rosette4 ,,ext5d$ ,,sides ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,p]fect ,,octagons4 ,illu/ration3 #adj ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,octagonal ,,& ,,squ>e ,,di/ribution4 ,,two ,,rosettes1 ,,"o ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,& ,,"o ,,( ,,eight ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,diagonals ,,f ,,! ,,angles ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,complete ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,octagonal ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #ada ,,squ>e ,,plan4 ,,net-,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,octagon ,,& ,,squ>e ,,assembl$4 ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,9 ,,jo9+ ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,division1 ,,!re ,,is ,,on ,,! ,,"o ,,"p ,,! ,,hexagon1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,o!r ,,"p ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! tricle rvolv ,,assi/s ,,9 ,,elucidat+ ,,! ,,net-,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 #adb ,,curvil9e> ,,net-,,"w ,,compos$ ,,( ,,/>s ,,( ,,five1 ,,six1 ,,& ,,eight ,,po9ts4 ,,describe ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,"o ,,circle ,,describes ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,five ,,po9ts2 ,,ano!r ,,circle ,,inscribes ,a ,,curvil9e> ,,irregul> ,,hexagon2 ,,/ill ,,ano!r ,,circle ,,inscribes ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,eight ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,! ,,la/ ,,circle ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,six ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #adc ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,! ,,prolong$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,/> ,,det]m9e ,,! ,,decagonal ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #add ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,plan4 ,,by ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ces ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,,by ,,sides ,,ext5d$ ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #ade ,,octagonal1 ,,decagonal1 ,,& ,,dodecagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes4 ,,by ,,sides ,,prolong$ ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #adf ,,octagonal1 ,,decagonal1 ,,& ,,dodecagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes4 ,,by ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,& ,,! ,,adju/m5t ,,( ,,! ,,regul> ,,octagons ,,! ,,diagram ,,is ,,complet$4 ,illu/ration3 #adg ,,9 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,z ,,indicat$ ,,inscribe ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,n9e ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,by ,,sides ,,prolong$ ,a ,,rosette ,,( ,,n9e ,,po9ts2 ,,9 ,a ,,second ,a ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette ,,( ,,twelve ,,po9ts2 ,,& ,,9 ,a ,,?ird ,,circumf]5ce ,a ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette ,,( ,,t5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s ,,by ,,ext5sion4 ,illu/ration3 #adh ,,! ,,c5tral ,,circumf]5ce ,,divid$ ,,into ,,?irty-,,two ,,equal ,,p>ts ,,produces ,a ,,/> ,,& ,,rosette ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,divide ,,o!r ,,circumf]5ces ,,to ,,produce ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes ,,( ,,twelve ,,& ,,t5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #adi ,,circumf]5ces ,,divid$ ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,inscribe ,,/>s ,,( ,,n9e1 ,,t51 ,,& ,,twelve ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #aej ,,net-,,"w ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #adh4 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,heptagon1 ,,ext5d$1 ,,jo9 ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #aea ,,?is ,,example ,,exhibits ,,! ,,m>vell\s ,,+5uity ,,( ,,! ,,arabian ,,design] ,,9 ,,composition1 ,,rosettes ,,( ,,five1 ,,six1 ,,sev51 ,,& ,,eight ,,po9ts ,,be+ ,,adju/$4 ,,! ,,design ,,is ,,evid5tly ,,! ,,production ,,( ,,an ,,art-,,workman4 ,,if ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,is ,,n ,,actually ,,p]fect1 ,,x ,,approa*es ,,p]fection ,,s ,,ne>ly ,,t ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,consid]$ ,,exact4 ,illu/ration3 #aeb ,,isoceles ,,or ,,loz5ge ,,plan4 ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,f\rte5 ,,po9ts ,,result ,,f ,,! ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,heptagons4 ,illu/ration3 #aec ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #aeb1 ,,b ,,) ,,diagonals ,,some:at ,,diff]5tly ,,treat$4 ,illu/ration3 #aed ,,rosette ,,( ,,f\rte5 ,,po9ts ,,gov]n$ ,,by ,,heptagons4 ,illu/ration3 #aee ,,rosette ,,( ,,f\rte5 ,,po9ts ,,f ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,heptagons4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #aef ,,p5tagonal ,,adju/m5t4 ,a ,,circumf]5ce ,,tang5t ,,to ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,inscribes ,a ,,/>r$ ,,rosette ,,( ,,f\rte5 ,,po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 #aeg ,,by ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ce ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,f\rte5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,p5tagon ,,:i* ,,gov]ns ,,has ,,"o ,,( ,,its ,,sides ,,ext5d$ ,,to ,,great] ,,l5g? ,,?an ,,! ,,six ,,o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 #aeh ,,by ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,a ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,indicat$1 ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,! ,,heptagonal ,,/> ,,f ,,:i* ,,! ,,o!r ,,figures ,,proce$4 ,illu/ration3 #aei ,,decagonal ,,/>s ,,& ,,rosettes1 ,,) ,,int]cal>y ,,p5tagons4 ,,also ,,) ,,int]cal>y ,,me%es1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,equal ,,to ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #afj ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #aei4 ,illu/ration3 #afa ,,sub-,,divide ,,! ,,space ,,surr\nd+ ,,! ,,isoceles ,,triangle ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,be+ ,,describ$4 ,,! ,,diagonals ,,ext5d$ ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #afb ,,plan ,,& ,,circumf]5ces ,,! ,,same ,,z ,,numb] #afa4 ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ce ,,is ,,call$ ,,9 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,t5 ,,po9ts4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #afc ,,describe ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t ,,circumf]5ces ,,to ,,=m ,a ,,/> ,,( ,,t5 ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,six ,,9 ,,six ,,divisions4 ,illu/ration3 #afd ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,indicat$1 ,,& ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,six ,,9 ,,six ,,divisions4 ,,draw ,a ,,horizontal ,,l9e ,,at ,,! ,,high] ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,little ,,p5tagon1 ,,& ,,repeat ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,bel[ ,,! ,,l9e4 ,illu/ration3 #afe ,,divide ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,draw ,,p>allel ,,l9es ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,six ,,9 ,,six ,,divisions1 ,,& ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #aff ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t1 ,,& ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,f\r ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions2 ,,!n ,,9 ,,! ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ces ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,six ,,9 ,,six ,,divisions4 ,illu/ration3 #afg ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,inscribe ,,! ,,rosette ,,( ,,t5 ,,po9ts2 ,,! ,,little ,,p5tagons ,,& ,,loz5ges ,,foll[1 ,,& ,,! ,,re/ ,,foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 #afh ,,analog\s ,,to ,,numb] #afg1 ,,b ,,9 ,,place ,,( ,,! ,,rosette ,,/>s ,,are ,,=m$4 ,illu/ration3 #afi ,,curvil9e> ,,trans=mation ,,( ,,numb]s #afg ,,& #afh4 ,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,c5tral ,,di/ribution ,,are ,,m>k$ ,,by ,,m9ute ,,crosses4 ,illu/ration3 #agj ,,simil> ,,gr\nd ,,"w ,,to ,,! ,,?ree ,,=ego+ ,,diagrams4 ,,! ,,little ,,p5tagons ,,gov]n ,,! ,,design4 ,illu/ration3 #aga ,,describe ,,! ,,circumf]5ces ,,z ,,9 ,,plan1 ,,& ,,inscribe ,,! ,,decagonal ,,/>4 ,,! ,,small ,,decagons ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,triangles ,,( ,,! ,,plan1 ,,by ,,ext5d$ ,,l9es1 ,,=m ,,! ,,rosette4 ,illu/ration3 #agb ,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,^u ,,! ,,less] ,,side ,,trace ,,an ,,isoceles ,,triangle4 ,,by ,,! ,,apex ,,( ,,! ,,triangle ,,trace ,a ,,circumf]5ce1 ,,9 ,,:i* ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,?ree ,,9 ,,?ree ,,divisions4 ,illu/ration3 #agc ,,loz5ge ,,plan1 ,,) ,,comb9+ ,,l9es4 ,,! ,,loz5ge ,,is ,,imag9>y1 ,,& ,,does ,,n ,,indicate ,,! ,,radii ,,9 ,,ext5sion ,,"o ,,) ,,! ,,o!r1 ,,b ,,only ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,sub-,,division ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,& ,,decagonal ,,rosettes4 ,illu/ration3 #agd ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan ,,! ,,space ,,surr\nd+ ,a ,,po9t ,,into ,,tw5ty ,,equal ,,p>ts4 ,,at ,,! ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,horizontal ,,) ,,! ,,v]tical ,,l9e ,,draw ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ce ,,9 ,,:i* ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,! ,,/>r$ ,,decagonal ,,rosette4 ,,! ,,small ,,p5tagon ,,is ,,dom9ant4 ,illu/ration3 #agd ,,same ,,gr\nd-,,"w ,,z ,,numb] #agb1 ,,b ,,) ,a ,,great] ,,int]val ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,rosettes4 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,rosettes1 ,,in/ead ,,( ,,be+ ,,rectil9e>1 ,,is ,,curvil9e>4 ,illu/ration3 #age ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,indicat$4 ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t1 ,,& ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,f\r ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions4 ,,la/ly1 ,,! ,,rosettes ,,are ,,effect$4 ,illu/ration3 #age' ,,draw ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,f\r ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions1 ,,:i*1 ,,prolong$1 ,,complete ,,! ,,design4 ,illu/ration3 #agf ,,describe ,,circumf]5ces ,,& ,,take ,a ,,p]p5dicul> ,,l9e ,,to ,,! ,,bord] ,,( ,,! ,,radius2 ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,f\r ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions1 ,,:i* ,,prolong$1 ,,complete ,,! ,,figure4 ,illu/ration3 #agf' ,,rectangle ,,plan ,,( ,,diagonal ,,symmetry4 ,,take ,,! ,,diagonals ,,( ,,f\r ,,9 ,,f\r ,,divisions4 ,,!n ,,by ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ce4 ,,set ,,out ,,! ,,rosette4 ,,!re ,,are1 ,,9 ,,fact1 ,,?ree ,,rosettes ,,( ,,t5 ,,po9ts ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t4 ,illu/ration3 #agg ,,loz5ge ,,plan1 ,,) ,,comb9+ ,,l9es ,a ,,conc5tric ,,circumf]5ce ,,describes ,a ,,/> ,,! ,,rosette ,,is ,,!n ,,drawn4 ,,!n ,,gradually1 ,,by ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,! ,,p5tagonal ,,adju/m5t1 ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,is ,,describ$4 ,illu/ration3 #agh ,,loz5ge ,,plan1 ,,:]e ,,! ,,great ,,axis ,,is ,,?ree ,,times ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,less] ,,axis4 ,,sub-,,divide ,,z ,,9 ,,plan4 ,,trace ,,circumf]5ces ,,equal ,,& ,,tang5t1 ,,9 ,,:i* ,,are ,,inscrib$ ,,regul> ,,p5tagons4 ,,! ,,re/ ,,is ,,easily ,,foll[$4 ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,is ,,compos$ ,,( ,,five ,,s]ies ,,( ,,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9is4