,illu/ration3 ,cov]3 ,owa*omo ,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t ,natural ,bridges ,,national ,,monum5t ,,utah ,illu/ration3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,national ,,p>k ,,s]vice ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,d\glas ,mc,kay1 ,secret>y ,,national ,,p>k ,,s]vice1 ,conrad ,l4 ,wir?1 ,director ,?ree gigantic natural bridges c>v$ out ( s&/one & locat$ 9 a region ( sup]b sc5]y ,san ,juan ,c\nty1 9 ! s\!a/]n corn] ( ,utah1 is a l& ( brilliantly color$ cliffs1 tortu\s box canyons1 p9nacles1 & ar*es4 ,ne> ! c5t] ( ?is sc5ic & geologic potp\rri is ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t4 ,)9 ! monum5t are ?ree huge natural bridges4 ,:ile !y are exce$$ 9 size by ! great ,ra9b[ ,bridge1 :i* lies ab\t #fj miles to ! s\?we/ 9 ,ra9b[ ,bridge ,national ,monum5t1 !y rank ) ! l>ge/ kn[n natural bridges4 ,"o ( ^! bridges--,owa*omo--is directly across ! #fjj-;foot-deep ,arm/rong ,canyon & spans ! m\? ( a %ort tribut>y canyon4 ,! road f ,bl&+1 ,utah1 ends at ! rim ( ! ,arm/rong ,canyon4 ,to visit ! o!r bridges 9 ! monum5t1 "o mu/ walk4 ,! trail is unimprov$1 & sometimes r\gh1 b ! #f-mile hike is rew>d$ by views ( ! magnific5t canyons1 ! bridges1 & anci5t ,indian ru9s4 ,! headqu>t]s area ( ! monum5t ov]looks ! ,owa*omo ,bridge1 & a #cjj-y>d trail drops to ! bottom ( ,arm/rong ,canyon to a po9t :]e "o c walk "u ! bridge4 ,cont9u+ on ?is trail1 ,sipapu ,bridge may be rea*$ by a #c-mile walk2 h[ev]1 if y wi% to see all ?ree bridges ) ! lea/ walk+1 drive y\r c> f headqu>t]s1 #d miles1 to ! ,ka*9a ,bridge p>k+ area & f !re x is ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile by a ladd] trail to ,ka*9a ,bridge & #b miles f ,ka*9a to ,sipapu ,bridge1 up ,:ite ,canyon4 ,no trail is ma9ta9$ betwe5 ,ka*9a ,bridge & ,owa*omo ,bridge4 ,! ,bridges & ,_! ,names ,! bridges 7 fir/ se5 by :ite man 9 #ahhc :5 ,cass ,hite1 a prospector1 visit$ ! region4 ,national publicity 0 giv5 to ! area 9 #aijd :5 an illu/rat$ article appe>$ 9 ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e4 ,9 #aijh ! area 0 proclaim$ ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t by ,presid5t ,!odore ,roosevelt4 ,?is action 0 ! result ( pleas ( ,utah citiz5s & ( a ,gov]nm5t surveyor t ! bridges be protect$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,owa*omo is 9 view at ! end ( ! road4 ,e>ly explor]s _h nam$ ! bridges = memb]s ( _! p>ties or = relatives4 ,:5 ! monum5t 0 e/abli%$1 an ef=t 0 made to f9d ,indian names :i* w\ld fit ! bridges4 ,paiute ,indians1 :o /ill live 9 ! c\ntry1 _h no names = ! individual bridges4 ,at ! "t !y 7 que/ion$ !y pr(ess$ to "k only a s+le t]m :i* !y appli$ to all bridges1 natural or o!rwise4 ,?is 0 ,ma-,vah-,talk-,tump1 or ,"u ! ,horse's ,belly4 ,illu/ration3 ,ka*9a ,bridge--! y\nge/ ( ! ?ree4 ,at t "t x 0 g5]ally ?\ght t ! prehi/oric p :o _h liv$ 9 ! ru9s ( s\!rn ,utah 7 direct ance/ors ( ! ,hopi ,indians1 s x 0 natural1 :5 no ,paiute names 7 =?com+1 t ,hopi names 7 appli$ to ! bridges4 ,!y are3 ,owa*omo 7,rock ,m\nd7--,s nam$ because ( a l>ge1 r\nd$ block ( rock on ! mesa ne> "o end ( ! bridge4 ,also =m]ly kn[n z ! ,edw9 ,bridge4 ,ka*9a--,on "o ( ! abutm5ts ( ?is bridge are num]\s prehi/oric pictographs1 "s ( :i* resemble ,hopi mask$ danc]s1 or ka*9as4 ,! =m] "n = ?is bridge 0 ,c>ol9e4 ,sipapu--,! graceful ar* ( ?is bridge sugge/$ to its nam]s ! sipapu 7place ( em]g5ce71 a hole ?r\gh :i* ! ,hopi believe _! ance/ors em]g$ f a l[]1 d>k _w into ! pres5t1 sunlit "o4 ,?is 0 also kn[n z ! ,augu/a ,bridge4 ,! dim5sions ( ! bridges are3 ,bridge ,height 7feet7 ,span 7feet7 ,wid? 7feet7 ,?ickness 7feet7 ,owa*omo #ajf #ahj #bg #i ,ka*9a #baj #bjf #dd #ic ,sipapu #bbj #bfh #ca #ec ,h[ ,natural ,bridges ,are ,made ,to make a natural bridge ,"m ,nature mu/ h sev]al +r$i5ts3 a prop] /one t w %ape well 7a cross-b$d$ s&/one is be/71 a sl[ly ris+ l&scape1 & a des]t-type /ream t occasionally w sc\r its b$ ) a trem5d\s head ( wat] & s&4 ,all ^! 7 pres5t 9 s\!rn ,utah4 ,! /one ( ! ,natural ,bridges area is a cross-b$d$ grey s&/one1 kn[n z ! ,c$> ,mesa s&/one4 ,x is ( ,p]mian age & simil> 9 appe>ance & /ructure to ! m rec5t ,navajo s&/one 9 :i* s _m caves & ar*es h be5 =m$4 ,:5 ! l& began to rise sl[ly f its anci5t sea b$1 two small /reams =m$ on ! we/]n slopes ( ! ,elk ,ridge4 ,! /reams are kn[n today z ,:ite ,riv] & ,arm/rong ,creek1 its tribut>y4 ,!y made me&]+ *annels across ! flat l& & gradually entr5*$ !mselves into tortu\s canyons4 ,z ! l& cont9u$ to rise1 ! /reams cut ev] deep] canyons4 ,! ma9 purpose1 or ! driv+ =ce1 ( a /ream is to make ! %orte/ di/ance betwe5 two po9ts1 t is1 a /raight l9e4 ,e creek & riv] attempts to make a /raight *annel ) an ev5 grade f its s\rce to its m\?4 ,hills1 ridges1 blocks ( rock1 or any o!r ob/acles :i* a /ream mu/ bypass are gradually worn away z ! /ream makes a *annel m to its *oice4 ,! tortu\s /reams 9 _! deep rock *annels 7 con/antly try+ to /raight5 _! c\rses4 ,dur+ floods ! silt-lad5 wat]s 7 ?r[n ) great =ce aga9/ ! walls ( ! me&]s4 ,9 sev]al places ! f9s ( rock ar\nd :i* ! w9d+s ( ! /reams pass$ 7 s ?9 t dur+ ! c\rse ( _m c5turies ( buffet+ ! rock gradually wore away & a hole 0 bor$ ?r\gh ! f94 ,! wat]s p\r$ ?r\gh ! gap & ! bridge 0 born4 ,aft] ! initial brea* 0 made1 ! /ream cont9u$ to enl>ge ! op5+ & to cut its *annel /ill deep]4 ,ev5tually1 ! old me&] 0 left high & dry z a fossil /ream b$4 ,ages ( ! ,bridges ,sev]al phases ( bridge-mak+ may be se5 at ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t4 ,ka*9a ,bridge is a new bridge4 ,x is huge & bulky1 & has a comp>atively small op5+4 ,:ite ,riv] is /ill actively enl>g+ ! op5+ b5ea? ! span4 ,sipapu ,bridge is mature4 ,x is a graceful1 symmetrical span1 & its abutm5ts n[ lie f> en\gh f ! /ream b$ t ! riv] has little or no cutt+ action on ! rock4 ,illu/ration3 ,sipapu ,bridge1 look+ up ,:ite ,canyon4 ,owa*omo ,bridge is 9 its old age4 ,x suff]s no erosion f ! /ream2 only ! slight erosion f ra9s1 fro/ action1 or w9d-bl[n s&s n[ attack its surface4 ,! life expectancy ( ,owa*omo is %ort comp>$ ) t ( ! o!r two2 x may span ! canyon = c5turies yet1 or ! crack :i* w ultimately cause its collapse may already h />t$4 ,! fate ( all ! bridges may be se5 a %ort di/ance up ,:ite ,canyon f ,sipapu ,bridge :]e fa9t sc>s & damag$ abutm5ts on ! canyon walls indicate ! po9t :]e a f\r? bridge once spann$ ! canyon4 ,comp>ison ,) ,o!r ,types ( ,natural ,bridges ,mo/ ( ! natural bridges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are 9 ! ,f\r ,corn]s region ( ! ,s\?we/ :]e favorable mat]ials & conditions = bridge-mak+ are to be f\nd4 ,!re are two o!r types ( bridges :i* are entirely dissimil>4 ,tonto ,natural ,bridge1 9 c5tral ,arizona1 is a built-up bridge creat$ by trav]t9e deposit$ by spr+s4 ,natural ,bridge1 9 ,virg9ia--ano!r well-kn[n bridge--app>5tly 0 =m$ :5 mo/ ( ! ro( ( a cav]n collaps$4 ,wildlife ,de] are num]\s 9 ! p9yon & junip] =e/ :i* surr\nds ! monum5t1 & m\nta9 %eep1 :i* sp5d _! summ]s on ! ,elk ,ridge1 w9t] 9 ! canyons4 ,small] mammals are num]\s1 z are ! coyotes & wildcats4 ,an occasional lion works ?r\gh ! monum5t4 ,ar*eology ,?is section ( ,utah support$ an ,indian population f ab\t #b1jjj ye>s ago until ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #acjj4 ,?\s&s ( ru9s /ud ! mesas & canyons ( ! di/rict4 ,comp>atively few sites lie )9 ! monum5t1 h[ev]1 = bo? ,:ite & ,arm/rong ,canyons are too n>r[ to h furni%$ en\gh f>m+ l& = m ?an a few families4 ,visitors :o hike ar\nd ! trail to ! bridges may see "o cliff dwell+ ( ab\t #bj rooms & sev]al small rooms 7app>5tly gran>ies7 :i* 7 built on l$ges high on ! cliffs4 ,an out/&+ feature ( ! cliff dwell+ is a kiva1 or c]emonial room1 ) ! orig9al ro( & ladd] intact4 ,! p :o liv$ "h dur+ prehi/oric times 7 closely relat$ to ^? :o liv$ on ! ,mesa ,v]de 9 s\?we/]n ,colorado4 ,caution ,! two approa* roads s]v+ ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t f ,bl&+1 ,utah1 are unsurfac$ dirt roads ) /eep grades4 ,dur+ heavy ra9 /orms !y become ei!r difficult or impassable to travel4 ,! upp] road ov] ,be>'s ,e>s ,pass 7elevation #i1jjj feet7 is usually block$ by sn[ & impassable f late ,septemb] until late ,may4 ,! l[] road1 via ,comb ,wa%1 /ays bel[ #g1jjj feet & is usually op5 mo/ ( ! ye>4 ,!re are no accommodations = travel]s beyond ,bl&+4 ,visitors %\ld make c]ta9 t !y h ample food be=e !y leave ,bl&+4 ,!re is camp+ space at ! monum5t = ^? :o h b$d+ & cook+ equipm5t4 ,a ,national ,p>k ,s]vice rang] is /ation$ at ! monum5t only dur+ ! summ]4 ,adm9i/ration ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t1 ) an area ( #b1fdi4gj acres1 is adm9i/]$ by ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,communications reg>d+ ! monum5t %\ld be address$ to ! ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,ar*es ,national ,monum5t1 ,moab1 ,utah4 ,! ,national ,p>k ,sy/em1 ( :i* ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t is a unit1 is d$icat$ to ! cons]vation ( ,am]ica's sc5ic1 sci5tific1 & hi/oric h]itage = ! b5efit & enjoym5t ( ! p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,bridges ,,national ,,monum5t ,,utah ,,sipapu ,,bridge ,,trail ,,ka*9a ,,bridge ,,p>k+ ,,owa*omo ,,bridge ,,rang] ,,/ation 7,extremely ,r\gh ,road7 ,,to ,,hite #dh ,,miles ,,to ,,bl&+ #ej ,,miles ,,arm/rong ,,canyon ,,:ite ,,canyon ,may #aiej ,,nm-,n4,b4 #gjjj ,,revis$ #aied ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aied ,o-,f--#cjaedd ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,?is e,book is bas$ on a ,u4,s4 gov]nm5t publication :i* is public doma9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 --,correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,)9 ! map1 transcrib$ labels1 & add$ italiciz$ text :]e ne$$ to def9e ! context4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4