,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #abc-d_/e4 ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,amphibia ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,by ,,roy ,,lee ,,moodie ,associate 9 ,anatomy1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 ,*icago ,illu/ration ,publi%$ by ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton ,,wa%+ton1 #aiaf ,,c>negie ,,in/itution ,,( ,,wa%+ton ,publication ,no4 #bch ,,press ,,( ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,philadelphia ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton has already publi%$ sev]al monographs ^u paleobiological subjects1 writt5 by its rese>* associates1 ,hay1 ,wiel&1 & ,case4 ,ea* au?or has dealt ) ! subject-matt] ( 8 p>ticul> field1 b ea* has br\ght to be> ^u 8 "w common factors :i* h plac$ 8 labors ^u a broad] basis ?an ! m]e morphological descriptions ( fossil =ms ( life4 ,case has publi%$ f\r monographs ^u ! morphology & taxonomy ( ! ,p]mo-,c>bonif]\s v]tebrates ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & has foll[$ ^! by a fif?1 9 :i* all ! kn[n factors be>+ ^u ! developm5t ( ! life 7 assembl$ 9 an ef=t to discuss ! paleogeography ( ! p]iod4 ,9 8 conception paleogeography is a v broad t]m1 involv+ n only a /udy ( ! di/ribution ( l&1 wat]1 & life 9 any "o int]val ( "t1 b a consid]ation ( all ! factors 9 ! extremely complex int]-relations ( organic & inorganic matt] & causes :i* influ5ce ! developm5t ( ea* "p4 ,geologi/s & paleobiologi/s h alike suff]$ 9 _! int]pretation ( pa/ conditions1 because ( _! lack ( k ( ! "w done by o!rs4 ,/ratigraphy may n be int]pret$ f ! pres]v$ fossils )\t a k ( biological laws1 & ! =mations ( ! e>? may n safely be re>rang$ to acc\nt = ! pres5t or pa/ di/ribution ( life )\t a k ( geological processes4 ,x is obvi\s t su* "w is beyond ! possibilities ( any "o man2 x is r ! "w ( a gr\p ( m51 ea* broadly tra9$ & ea* ma/] ( 8 own field & able to contribute to & criticize ! "w ( 8 fell[s4 ,n[h]e c\ld close coop]ation ( ?is k9d be bett] accompli%$ ?an "u a sy/em su* z ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton has develop$1 :]eby ! rese>* associates ( ! ,in/itution & o!rs ( its /aff may call 9 ! assi/ance ( m5 9 relat$ fields4 ,already ! value ( ?is proc$ure is app>5t 9 ! results accompli%$ by coop]ation4 ,! foll[+ monograph1 by ,dr4 ,roy ,l4 ,moodie1 adds an important l9k to ! s]ies ( paleobiological publications ( ! ,in/itution & is closely connect$ ) ! "w already done ^u ! ,p]mo-,c>bonif]\s v]tebrates1 s9ce x supplies a description ( ! life ( ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+4 ,x is hop$ t ! volume w contribute 9 no small measure to an und]/&+ ( ! broad] problems ( paleogeography & ! recognition ( ! mutual problems ( ! paleobiologi/s & ! geologi/s4 ,e4 ,c4 ,case4 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 ,m>* #ae1 #aiaf4 ,,preface4 ,! "q ( ! orig9 ( l& v]tebrates1 :i* has appeal$ s /rongly to /ud5ts ( fossil ,amphibia1 is by no means solv$ f ! mat]ial furni%$ by ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! ,amphibia are1 h[ev]1 well kn[n f sev]al localities 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ?is cont95t1 :]e skeletons h be5 recov]$ :i* are suffici5tly well pres]v$ to af=d a fair k ( _! anatomy4 ,! specim5s rescu$ f ! dumps ( ! old m9es are regrettably few 9 comp>ison ) ! numb] t mu/ h be5 burn$ z fuel1 or c>ri$ d[n ! slopes z silt4 ,yet scanty z is ! mat]ial ?us collect$1 x is ( great importance1 because x repres5ts su* an e>ly p]iod 9 ! record$ hi/ory ( ! air-brea?+ v]tebrates4 ,! amphibian fauna 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica is repres5t$ by sev]al hundr$ individual specim5s1 pres]v$ 9 v>i\s museums4 ,all ( ! collections h be5 available 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is memoir1 ) ! exception ( ^? species f ,nova ,scotia :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! ,european mat]ial1 :i* has be5 us$ 9 comp>isons ) ! ,am]ican =ms1 has be5 /udi$ *iefly f ! lit]ature1 al?\gh !re h be5 available a s]ies ( specim5s ( ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus ,cr$n]1 f ,saxony1 pres5t$ by ! late ,pr(essor ,cr$n]1 & a s+le specim5 ( ,ar*egosaurus f ,dr4 von ,hu5e1 ( ,tb+54 ,! collection :i* has be5 ( ! greate/ value is t at ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 *iefly assembl$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry f ! dumps ( ! coal m9es at ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 :ile he 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,ohio ,geological ,survey 7#ahfi-ahhd74 ,?is collection1 a "p ( :i* is at ,columbia ,univ]sity1 furni%$ ,cope ) ! mo/ ( 8 type mat]ial = ! ,synopsis ( ! ,ext9ct ,batra*ia f ! ,coal ,measures 7#abc74;,a ,?is entire collection1 includ+ all ( ,pr(essor ,cope's types & repres5t+ _m new & hi!rto undescrib$ =ms1 0 g5]\sly plac$ at ! writ]'s disposal = a p]iod ( five ye>s ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,ba%=d ,dean & ,dr4 ,l\is ,hussak(4 ,dr4 ,hussak( made a trip ?r\gh ! ,l9ton region & 8 description ( ! place occupi$ by ! ,old ,diamond ,m9e is giv5 on page #af4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! numb]s 9 p>5!ses ref] to ! bibliography at ! end ( ?is volume4 ,an int]e/+ collection ( air-brea?+ v]tebrates f ! ,coal ,measures1 repres5t+ #ai species1 is 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum 7#dfd74 ,?is is *iefly ! collection ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,lacoe & includes specim5s f ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 f ,kansas1 & f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,x is especially important 9 t x conta9s ! skeleton 7plate #bj1 fig4 #c7 ( ! olde/ kn[n reptile1 ,eosaurus copei ,willi/on 7,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvi1 #bie74 ,x conta9s also1 besides _m ( ,cope's types1 new =ms :i* h be5 describ$ by ! writ] 7#dfd1 #dgj1 #dga1 #dgb1 #dgc1 #dgd1 #dgh1 #dgi74 ,dr4 ,/u>t ,well] fir/ secur$ ! use ( ?is collection = me1 & its cont9u$ use has be5 grant$ by ,dr4 ,c4 ,d4 ,walcott4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,gilmore has call$ my att5tion to sev]al int]e/+ specim5s & has k9dly loan$ !m = description4 ,a small b int]e/+ collection ( ,mazon ,creek ,amphibia is t ( ! ,peabody ,museum ( ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! (fic]s ( ?is museum ! writ] 0 p]mitt$ to /udy ^! specim5s & 0 giv5 a grant = _! illu/ration4 ,! results ( t /udy are conta9$ 9 a previ\s pap] 7#dgh7 & 9 ! pres5t memoir4 ,dr4 ,s*u*]t has (f]$ sugge/ions z to ! environm5tal conditions ( ! anci5t ,amphibia4 ,a few specim5s ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia are at ! ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,?is collection includes ! type ( ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 ! fir/ bran*iosaur discov]$ 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e1 & a few specim5s f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,a s+le specim5 ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 v beautifully pres]v$1 is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,daniels1 ( ,roll+ ,prairie1 ,indiana4 ,?is specim5 has be5 /udi$ & describ$ by ,hay 7#caf7 & by ! writ] 7#dfb1 #dfi1 #dgh74 ,! works ( ,cope & ,dawson1 publi%$ betwe5 #ahfj & #ahig1 on ! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures1 h be5 indisp5sable 9 ! pres5t /udy4 ,x has be5 necess>y to rely on ! publi%$ descriptions & photographs ( ! int]e/+ fauna f ,nova ,scotia1 s9ce x has n be5 possible = me to visit & exam9e ! types pres]v$ 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,x has be5 possible to *eck ,dawson's "w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by a /udy ( a s]ies ( excell5t photographs ( ! types ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia collect$ by ,dawson & ,lyell & describ$ by ,dawson & ,ow54 ,! descriptions ( ^! au?ors h be5 drawn on = ! discussion ( ! ,canadian =ms4 ,! descriptions giv5 bel[ h be5 made full & complete 9 ! belief t 9 ?is way our k ( ^! int]e/+ v]tebrates may be advanc$4 ,_m ( ! species h be5 describ$ else:]e 9 scatt]$ pap]s by v>i\s au?ors4 ,^! descriptions h be5 revis$ & v]ifi$ & are collect$ "h 9 monographic =m4 ,! "w is a morphologic & taxonomic revision ( ! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,especial att5tion has be5 paid to ! factors :i* h be5 mo/ active 9 ! evolution ( ! gr\p1 s f> z ^! factors may be int]pret$4 ,x is ! au?or's hope t ?is review may op5 up ! field = _m m work]s1 s9ce we are j beg9n+ to le>n ab\t ! evolution ( ?is gr\p ( v]tebrates4 ,! tru/ees ( ! ,elizabe? ,?ompson ,sci5ce ,fund allott$ a grant = ! pres5t inve/igation4 ,?is aid has enabl$ ! writ] to pres5t 8 "w 9 mu* bett] =m ?an w\ld h be5 possible o!rwise4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,willi/on has (f]$ _m sugge/ions & criticisms :i* h be5 gratefully adopt$4 ,x is ) ! greate/ s5se ( pleasure t ! au?or d$icates ?is memoir to 8 tea*] & fri5d4 ,aft] ! manuscript 0 complet$ ! au?or enjoy$ a visit f ,mr4 ,d4 ,m4 ,s4 ,watson1 ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 ^: k ( ! ,european & ,african =ms enabl$ him to (f] sev]al v valuable sugge/ions4 ,x is fitt+ also to express my indebt$ness to ! ,c>negie ,in/itution ( ,wa%+ton = ! privilege ( publi%+ my "w 9 ! s]ies ( monographs contribut$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,case1 deal+ ) ! anatomy & relation%ips ( ! e>ly l& v]tebrates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,roy ,lee ,moodie4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,prefatory ,note iii ,preface vi ,li/ ( ,illu/rations viii-x ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,! ,problem ( ! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures #c-e ,,ii4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,discov]y ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures #f-h ,,iii4 ,/ratigraphic & ,geographic ,di/ribution ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica #i-bb ,,iv4 ,! ,morphology ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia #bc-cf ,v4 ,! ,amphibia ( ! ,devonian & ,mississippian ( ,nor? ,am]ica #cg-ch ,,vi4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,classification ( ! ,amphibia1 ,) ,especial ,ref]5ce to ! ,species f ! ,coal ,measures #ci-de ,,vii4 ,classification ( ,amphibia ,adopt$ 9 ,?is ,"w1 & a ,li/ ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia f ,nor? ,am]ica #df-dh ,,viii4 ,def9ition ( ! ,class ,amphibia1 ! ,subclass ,euamphibia1 & ! ,ord] ,bran*iosauria #di-ej ,,ix4 ,! ,am]ican ,coal ,measures ,bran*iosaurid #ea-ff ,x4 ,! ,ord] ,caudata #fg-ga ,,xi4 ,! ,ord] ,sali5tia #gb-gd ,,xii4 ,! ,subclass ,lepospondylia1 ! ,ord] ,microsauria1 & ! ,gr\p ,ai/opoda #ge-gg ,,xiii4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,hylonomid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia #gh-hd ,,xiv4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,tuditanid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania #he-aaa ,,xv4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,/egopid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aab-aad ,,xvi4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,urocordylid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia #aae-abe ,,xvii4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,amphibamid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois #acf-acd ,,xviii4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,nyraniid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #ace-ach ,,xix4 ,! ,ai/opod\s ,microsaurian ,family ,ptyoniid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aci-adf ,,xx4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,molgophid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio & ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois #adg-aed ,,xxi4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,sauropleurid1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aee-agj ,,xxii4 ,! ,microsaurian ,family ,i*?ycan?id1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aga-agd ,,xxiii4 ,suppos$ ,microsaurian ,species ( ,unc]ta9 ,relation%ip #age-agg ,,xxiv4 ,! ,temnospondyl\s ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica #agh-aig ,,xxv4 ,! ,/]eospondyl\s ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica #aih-bja ,bibliography ( ! ,fossil ,amphibia1 ,) ,especial ,ref]5ce to ! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica #bjb-bag ,an ,index to ! ,bibliography ( ,fossil ,amphibia #bah-bai ,index #bbj-bbb ,,illu/rations4 ,,plates4 ,,page4 #a4 ,views along ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois #ab #b4 ,draw+ ( type specim5 ( ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,mazon ,creek #eb #c4 ,specim5s ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum1 ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis1 ,eri]peton bran*ialis1 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum1 & ,amphibamus gr&iceps #eh #d4 7#a & #b7 ,v]tebr ( ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie4 7#c7 ,type specim5 ( ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 7#d7 ,type skeleton ( ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie4 7#e & #f7 ,! halves ( ! nodule conta9+ a practically complete skeleton ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope #fj #e4 7#a7 ,a recon/ruction ( ! ,coal ,measures bran*iosaurian1 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 a small primitive salam&] #fd 7#b7 ,a re/oration ( ! bran*iosaurian1 ,mazon]peton1 bas$ on two specim5s #fd #f4 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow54 ,m&ibles1 p>ts ( ant]ior extremities1 hum]us1 etc4 #fh #g4 ,hyl]peton dawsoni ,ow54 ,m&ible1 tee?1 rib1 & bones ( ant]ior extremity4 ,bones ( pelvis & po/]ior limb & bony scales #gb #h4 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson4 ,bones ( skull & ant]ior extremity1 bony rods ( belly1 ( pelvis1 & po/]ior extremity #gf #i4 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson4 7#a7 maxill & skull bones2 7#a;a7 /]nal bones2 7#b7 m&ible2 7#c7 hum]us1 ribs1 & v]tebr2 7#d7 po/]ior limb2 7#e7 pelvis2 7#f7 caudal v]tebr #gh #aj4 ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson4 ,skull1 portion ( skeleton1 foot1 scapul>1 & /]nal bones1 hum]us & rib1 believ$ to belong to ?is species4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ( ,nova ,scotia #hj #aa4 ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson4 ,m&ible & o!r bones4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation #hb #ab4 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson4 ,m&ible1 portions ( skull1 scales1 & v>i\s bones4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation #hb #ac4 ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson4 ,skull1 m&ible1 & bones ( ant]ior limbs1 po/]ior limb1 pelvic1 & bony scales #ajj #ad4 7#a & #b7 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales #ajf 7#c7 ,sauropleura 7,colo/eus7 scutellata ,newb]ry1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures1 ! fir/ kn[n ( ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures ,amphibia2 at fir/ ascrib$ by ,newb]ry to ! fi%es1 b lat] correctly id5tifi$ by ,cope #ajf 7#d7 ,type ( ,dic]atosaurus 7,c]at]peton7 punctol9eatus ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #ajf #ae4 7#a7 ,dorsum ( skull ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #aad 7#b7 ,v5tral surface ( skull ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #aad 7#c7 ,pectoral girdle ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #aad 7#d7 ,c]vical or ant]ior dorsal v]tebra ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #aad #af4 7#a7 ,type specim5 ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope #aaf 7#b7 ,skull ( ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #aaf 7#c7 ,m&ible ( ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #aaf 7#d7 ,type specim5 ( ,sauropleura en*odus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #aaf 7#e7 ,additional specim5 ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #aaf #ag4 ,type ( ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope #abf #ah4 7#a7 ,type ( ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton ,%ales ( ,p5nsylvania #acb 7#b7 ,skeletal elem5ts ( ,eryops sp4 indet41 f ! ,pittsburgh ,r$ ,%ale at ,pitcairn #acb 7#c7 ,amphibian footpr9ts1 ,dromopus aduncus ,branson1 f ! ,mississippian %ales ( ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia #acb 7#d7 ,type ( ,?9opus antiquus ,m>%1 amphibian footpr9t f ! ,devonian ( ,p5nsylvania #acb #ai4 ,type ( ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #acd #bj4 7#a7 ,skull ( ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton slates ( ,p5nsylvania #aed 7#b7 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #acd 7#c7 ,skeleton ( ,eosauravus copei ,willi/on1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton4 ,! olde/ kn[n reptile f ,nor? ,am]ica & closely relat$ /ructurally to ! ,microsauria #acd 7#d7 ,"p ( v5tral scutellation & ribs ( ,sauropleura digitata ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #acd #ba4 7#a7 ,m&ible ( ,macr]peton deani ,moodie1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #acf 7#b7 ,portion ( ! skull ( ,macr]peton deani ,moodie1 possibly ( ! same3 individual u ! m&ible4 ,f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #acf 7#c7 ,type ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #acf 7#d7 ,an additional specim5 ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures #acf 7#e7 ,skull ( ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry4 ,f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #acf 7#f7 ,too? ( ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 indet4 ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,kansas #acf 7#g7 ,too? ( ,ma/odonsaurus giganteus ,jaeg]1 f ! ,triassic ( ,g]many4 ,introduc$ = comp>ison ) ! too? f ! ,kansas ,c>bonif]\s #acf #bb4 7#a7 ,type ( ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton4 ,portions ( maxilla & m&ible ( left side ) tee? #afj 7#b7 ,type ( ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ill9ois1 ne> ,danville4 ,c]vical ( an o!rwise unkn[n amphibian #afj 7#c7 ,amphibian phalanx f ! ,coal ,measures ne> ,breeze1 ,ill9ois1 ( an unkn[n species #afj 7#d7 ,l>ge rib ( a /]eospondyl\s /egocephalan1 o!rwise unkn[n #afj 7#e7 ,type ( ,cope's species ,tuditanus mordax ref]r$ by him to ! cranium1 on acc\nt ( ! sculptur+ ( ! elem5ts1 n[ kn[n to be portions ( ! int]clavicle & clavicles ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus #afj 7#f7 ,skull ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow51 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia #afj #bc4 7#a7 ,v5tral scutell ( ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aff 7#b7 ,left leg & pelvis ( ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #aff #bd4 7#a7 ,type specim5 ( ,pelion lyelli ,wyman1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,suppos$ to repres5t ! ance/ral =m ( ! ,sali5tia #agb 7#b7 ,scales ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 a microsaur f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures #agb 7#c7 ,type specim5 ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope #agb #be4 7#a7 ,photograph ( type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus 7,tuditanus7 radiatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #ahj 7#b7 ,photograph ( type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #ahj 7#c7 ,photograph ( ! impression ( ,/egops div>icata ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #ahj 7#d7 ,type & only kn[n specim5 ( ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 a bran*iosaur f ! ,coal ,measures %ales ( ,mazon ,creek #ahj #bf4 7#a7 ,type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie1 f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures #ahb 7#b7 ,type ( ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio #ahb ,,text-,,figures4 #a4 ,map ( ! ,coal ,measures 9 ,nor? ,am]ica #i #b4 ,di/ribution ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia 9 ,nor? ,am]ica #aa #c4 ,topographical ,map ( ,mazon ,creek ,region #ac #d4 ,topographical ,map ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,region #af #e4 ,fossil ,tree ,trunk 9 ,position #ba #f4 ,g5]aliz$ ,amphibian ,skull #bc #g4 ,alim5t>y ,canal ( a ,c>bonif]\s ,salam&] #bf #h4 ,v]tebr & ,ribs ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia #bh #i4 ,v5tral ,scutell ( ,micr]peton #cj #aj4 ,horny ,armor ( ,hylonomus #ca #aa4 ,! ,skulls ( two ,microsaurians3 ,a1 ,eos]peton t5uicorne2 ,b1 ,c]at]peton galvani #cc #ab4 ,devonian ,footpr9t #cg #ac4 ,re/oration ( ,micr]peton #ec #ad4 ,mazon ,creek ,amphibia3 ,a1 ,eumicr]peton p>vum2 ,b1 ,amphibamus ?oracatus #ei #ad;a4 ,skeleton ( ,mazon]peton longicaudatum #fb #ad;b4 ,skeleton ( ,mazon]peton co/atum #fd #ae4 ,a4 ,impression ( ,eri]peton bran*ialis #fe ,b4 ,eumicr]peton p>vum #fe ,c4 ,l>g] ,specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum #fe ,d4 ,skeleton ( ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis #fe ,e4 ,rib ( ,mazon]peton co/atum #fe #ae;a4 ,type ,mat]ial ( ,sp>odus #ff #af4 ,obv]se ( ,cocyt9us gyr9oides #fh #af;a4 ,ne>ly ,complete ,specim5 ( ,cocyt9us gyr9oides #fi #ag4 ,pelion lyelli1 suppos$ ance/ral ,sali5tian #gd #ah4 ,skeletal ,elem5ts ( ,smil]peton aci$5tatum #hb #ai4 ,skull & ,skeleton ( ,tuditanus punctulatus #hg #bj4 ,skull & ,skeleton ( ,tuditanus longipes #ij #ba4 ,skeleton ( ,tuditanus walcotti3 ,a1 ,body2 ,b1 ,leg #id #bb4 ,a4 ,outl9e ( ,skull & ,cranial ,elem5ts ( ,erpelosaurus m9utus ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton ,slates ( ,p5nsylvania #ii ,b4 ,outl9e ( ,skull & ,cranial ,elem5ts ( ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #ii ,c4 ,palate ( ,erpetosaurus 7tabulatus871 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #ii ,d4 ,outl9e ( ,skull & ,cranial ,elem5ts ( ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #ii ,e4 ,outl9e ( ,l>g] ,"p ( ,skeleton ( ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio #ii ,f4 ,"r ,m&ible ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures #ii ,g4 ,skull ,elem5ts & ,lat]al-l9e ,canals ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton #ii #bc4 ,skull ( ,/egops div>icata #aac #bd4 ,microsaurian ,skulls f ,l9ton1 ,ohio3 ,a1 ,dic]atosaurus lvis2 ,b1 ,dic]atosaurus robu/us #aai #be4 ,re/oration ( ,eos]peton #abd #bf4 ,re/oration ( ,amphibamus #abh #bg4 ,skeleton ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps #abi #bh4 ,probable ,appe>ance ( ,amphibamus #acj #bi4 ,skeleton ( ,cephal]peton #acc #cj4 ,re/oration ( ,ptyonius #adj #ca4 ,re/oration ( /ocephalus #add #cb4 ,v]tebr ( ,molgophis brevico/atus #adh #cc4 ,=e-limb ( a ,memb] ( ! ,molgophid1 ,possibly ,pleuroptyx #aeb #cd4 ,a4 ,int]clavicle ( ,sauropleura pauciradiata #aei ,b4 ,left ,clavicle ( ,sauropleura pauciradiata #aei #ce4 ,skull & ,skeleton ( ,saur]peton lati?orax #afd #cf4 ,m&ible ( ,leptophractus d5tatus #afi #cg4 ,s-call$ ,int]clavicle ( ,eury?orax sublvis #agj #ch4 ,skeletal ,elem5ts ( ,amblyodon #agg #ci4 ,v]tebra ( ,spondyl]peton sp9atum #agi #dj4 ,m&ible ( ,macr]peton deani #ahd #da4 ,v]tebr ( ,eosaurus acadianus3 ,a1 ,oblique ,lat]al ,view2 ,u1 ,oblique ,view2 ,c1 ,po/]ior ,view2 ,d1 ,transv]se ,section2 ,e & ,f1 ,microscopic ,sections #ahh #db4 ,skull & ,m&ible ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis3 ,a1 ,out] ,view ( ,m&ible2 ,b1 ,portion ( ,skull2 ,c1 ,inn] ,surface ( ,m&ible #aia #dc4 ,footpr9ts ( ,dromopus agilis #bjj ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,amphibia ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,! ,,amphibia ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures4 ,! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica pres5t ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ! l& v]tebrates1 s9ce ! air-brea?+ v]tebrates 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ?is cont95t are ! e>lie/ kn[n 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e4 ,! diff]5ce 9 age betwe5 ! *ief amphibian-be>+ deposits ( ,nor? ,am]ica & ,europe is n great1 al?\gh x has be5 ass]t$ t ,pholidoga/] & its alli$ fauna1 describ$ by ,huxley f ,scotl& 7#cca71 is mu* old]1 probably ,mississippian4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ^! e>lie/ repres5tatives ( ! ,amphibia 9 ,scotl& are all temnospondyles1 ( :i* !re are v few repres5tatives 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! =ms s f> describ$ f ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,coal ,measures pres5t a v high degree ( developm5t & diff]5tiation1 ! e>lie/ kn[n species be+ already specializ$ & well adapt$ = v>i\s modes ( life4 ,z f> back 9 geological "t z ! middle ,coal ,measures1 :5 ! fir/ well-def9$ =ms are kn[n1 environm5tal conditions _h effect$ a wide div]sity ( /ructure )9 ! gr\p4 ,?us1 e>ly 9 ! geological hi/ory ( ! l& v]tebrates1 we h1 among ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia1 v>i\s =ms :i* _h specializ$ into /rictly aquatic1 t]re/rial1 subt]re/rial1 & arboreal1 or at lea/ p>tly arboreal4 ,specialization _h ext5d$ to ! loss ( limbs1 ribs1 & v5tral armature 9 a few species1 & to ! acquirem5t ( claws1 runn+ legs1 or a long propell+ tail ) exp&$ neural & hmal ar*es 9 o!rs4 ,! =ms range 9 size f small creatures less ?an an in* 9 l5g? to l>ge species :i* mu/ h atta9$ a l5g? ( sev]al feet4 ,a r int]e/+ p>allel1 ?\gh ( no phylog5etic significance1 c be drawn betwe5 ! ,amphibia ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,coal ,measures & ! reptiles ( to-day4 ,! snakes are repres5t$ by ! limbless1 snake-l =ms1 su* z ,ptyonius & ,phlege?ontia4 ,! liz>ds f9d _! c\nt]p>t 9 ! ,hylonomid & ! ,tuditanid4 ,no kn[n *>act]s ( ^! animals t5d to ally !m directly ) any kn[n gr\p ( fi%es1 except 9 ! mo/ g5]al way4 ,^! facts all indicate a long antec$5t hi/ory = ! amphibian gr\p or else a prec$+ p]iod ( greatly accel]at$ developm5t ( :i* we n[ "k no?+4 ,! ,amphibia ^: rema9s h be5 br\ght to light f ! ,coal ,measures h hi!rto be5 reg>d$ z p]ta9+ to a s+le ord]1 ! ,/egocephalia1 *>act]iz$ by ! completely ro($-ov] cranium & a l>ge p>asph5oid4 ,! writ] 7#dfi7 _h previ\sly assign$ #e subord]s to ! gr\p3 ! ,bran*iosauria1 ,microsauria1 ,ai/opoda1 ,temnospondylia1 & ,/]eospondylia4 ,all ( ^! gr\ps are repres5t$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x has seem$ inadvisable1 9 ! light ( our pres5t k ( ! ,amphibia1 to reta9 ^! #e gr\ps z subord]s1 &1 9 ! revis$ s*eme ( classification :i* has be5 publi%$ else:]e 7#dfi71 !y are giv5 ! rank ( ord]s all except+ ! ,ai/opoda1 :i* are n[ reg>d$ by ! writ] z specializ$ ,microsauria4 ,! rec5t ,caudata are possibly repres5t$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,coal ,measures by =ms :i* may be assign$ t5tatively to ! ,proteida4 ,su* =ms z ,cocyt9us gyr9oides1 ,hyphasma lvis1 & ,eri]peton bran*ialis possibly repres5t ?is gr\p 9 ! ,p5nsylvanian4 ,?is relation%ip is bas$ *iefly on ! /ructure ( ! hyobran*ial app>atus & on ! g5]al /ructure ( ! species4 ,! ?ree above-m5tion$ species are1 h[ev]1 v insuffici5tly kn[n1 & ! relation%ip c h>dly be reg>d$ z m ?an sugge/$ by ! *>act]s :i* are at h&4 ,! ,sali5tia1 or frogs1 may possibly h _! ance/ral type 9 ,pelion lyelli1 ! fir/ kn[n species f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,oddly en\gh1 among ! hundr$s ( specim5s collect$ lat] f ?is horizon1 n a fragm5t c be id5tifi$ ) ?is species4 ,! type specim5 is unique1 & al?\gh incomplete its *>act]s are sugge/ive4 ,! ,bran*iosauria are repres5t$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica by f\r species3 ,micr]peton caudatum1 ,eumicr]peton p>vum1 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum1 & ,m4 co/atum4 ,?ree o!r g5]a :i* occur 9 ,nor? ,am]ica h be5 plac$ 7#fdb7 9 ?is gr\p1 b !y d n belong !re1 = reasons giv5 bel[4 ,! bran*iosaurs 7 salam&]-l 9 appe>ance4 ,!y 7 nak$1 ) ! exception ( small ovoid scales on ! back & ! *evron-%ap$ armature ( ! v5tral surface1 ! latt] be+ almo/ univ]sally pres5t among ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia4 ,!y 7 adapt$ = life 9 ! wat] = at lea/ ! e>ly "p ( _! exi/5ce1 z is %[n by ! possession ( gills on _m ( ! late ,c>bonif]\s & e>ly ,p]mian =ms ( ,europe4 ,! gr\p is1 )\t d\bt1 ance/ral to ! mod]n ,caudata4 ,no bran*iosaurians h be5 describ$ else:]e f s l[ 9 ! geological s]ies z ^? "h giv5 & !y are ! fir/ & only evid5ce ( ! occurr5ce ( ! gr\p 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e4 ,! ,microsauria are repres5t$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures by num]\s =ms :i* are usually *>act]iz$ z liz>d-l animals ) a well-develop$ v5tral scutellation4 ,o!r *>act]s1 su* z ! possession ( lat]al-l9e grooves on ! cranium1 ! arrangem5t ( ! cranial elem5ts1 & ! condition ( ! ribs1 w be discuss$ fur!r on4 ,! pectoral ar* is well develop$ & is compos$ ( five d]mal bones plus ! regul> skeletal elem5ts4 ,! skeletal membrane bones are sculptur$ aft] ! mann] ( ^? ( ! cranium4 ,! bodies ( ! animals 71 9 a few cases1 cov]$ ) scales2 b mo/ ( !m appe> to h be5 completely nak$1 ev5 ! v5tral armature be+ abs5t 9 "s cases4 ,! v5tral scutellation 0 especially /rong & highly develop$ 9 "s ( ! =ms2 e4g41 9 ! g5]a ,saur]peton & ,sauropleura4 ,! v]tebr are uni=mly ( ! h\r-glass or noto*ordal type4 ,?is is s g5]ally ! case t ! *>act]s ( ! v]tebr & ribs are tak5 z ! *ief diagno/ic *>act]s ( ! major gr\ps4 ,v>i\s peculi>ities are se5 among ! ,microsauria1 su* z ! developm5t ( horns 9 v>i\s g5]a :i* are1 app>5tly1 relat$4 ,! ord] seems to h gone completely out ( exi/5ce dur+ ! e>ly ,p]mian1 & if _! desc5dants cont9u$ on z reptiles1 z has be5 sugge/$ 7#dfi71 we d n "k ! int]m$iate /ages4 ,! ,ai/opoda are )\t d\bt specializ$ microsaurs1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( ! writ]1 are n entitl$ to sep>ate rank4 ,"s ( ^! =ms rea*$ a high degree ( specialization4 ,"o ,am]ican species has ! skeleton r$uc$ to a long1 sl5d] head & a sl5d] s]ies ( elongate v]tebr1 all o!r p>ts ( ! skeleton1 ev5 ! v5tral armature1 be+ abs5t4 ,! proportions atta9$ by ?is species1 ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope1 recall ^? ( ! coa*-:ip snake1 ,zam5is flagellum ,%aw1 ( ! we/]n pla9s4 ,"s ( ! s-call$ ,ai/opoda h be5 cr$it$ by ,frits* ) ! possession ( peculi> clasp+ organs1 ,kammplatt54 ,newb]ry has writt5 ( ! discov]y ( simil> /ructures 9 ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures 7#dih71 b ! /atem5t ( ! actual association ( ^! ,kammplatt5 ne$s confirmation4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,traquair wrote to ! au?or "u date ( ,april #bh1 #aiji3 ,i ma9ta9 t ! association ( a bundle ( ',kammplatt5' ) a specim5 ( ,ophid]peton 9 ! ,bohemian gas coal 0 entirely accid5tal4 ,( su* pitfalls ! paleontologi/ has to bew>e or s]i\s mi/akes may be ! consequ5ce1 z has happ5$ m ?an once4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 publi% a %ort pap] on ! ,kammplatt51 = ,i ?9k ,i "k :at !y are n[4 ,frits*1 h[ev]1 has v cle>ly figur$ a ne>ly complete specim5 ( ,ophid]peton 7#bea1 ,bd4 ,,iv7 z possess+ ! ,kammplatt5 9 place ne> ! cloaca1 :]e he sugge/s !y may h s]v$ ! function ( accessory copulatory organs or clasp]s4 ,! ,temnospondylia are repres5t$ by scanty rema9s ( species f ,ill9ois1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,nova ,scotia4 ,! =ms belong+ to ?is gr\p are all relatively l>ge1 & !y _h a wide geographical di/ribution dur+ ! ,p]mian4 ,?is gr\p conta9s two types ( v]tebr1 kn[n z ! embolom]\s & ! ra*itom\s1 bo? ( :i* are pres5t 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 ,su* =ms z ,eosaurus1 ,baphetes1 ,eobaphetes kans5sis1 ,macr]peton1 & ,d5dr]peton are reg>d$ t5tatively z temnospondyles1 b !re is no def9ite assurance t !y are su*4 ,x is possible t ,eosaurus is a /]eospondyle1 b ! species is too incompletely kn[n = a def9ite /atem5t to be made4 ,! close resemblance betwe5 ! v]tebr ( ,eosaurus & ,an?racosaurus has be5 not$ by ,huxley 7#ccb74 ,! ,/]eospondylia are v scantily repres5t$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures1 if at all4 ,eosaurus may belong "h z indicat$ above4 ,! too? & cranial fragm5ts discov]$ & describ$ by ,willi/on f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kansas may repres5t a /]eospondyle z he /ates 7#fjh71 b ! evid5ce is incomplete4 ,a fragm5t ( a l>ge rib 7plate #bb1 fig4 #d7 ( a species f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 o!rwise unkn[n1 may be a /]eospondyle4 ,we w\ld expect an e>ly developm5t = ?is gr\p1 b x is' an int]e/+ fact t no /]eospondyles are kn[n def9itely be=e ! ,triassic1 dur+ :i* p]iod !y _h an ext5sive di/ribution4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,amphibia ,,9 ,,! ,,coal ,,measures4 ,sir ,william ,logan1 9 #ahda1 discov]$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,horton's ,bluff1 ,nova ,scotia1 "s tracks ( ,amphibia :i* he c>ri$ to ,london & :i* ,sir ,ri*>d ,ow5 pron\nc$ to be und\bt$ reptilian tracks4 ,?is fact 0 publi%$ 9 #ahdb 7#chj7 & 0 ! fir/ record$ evid5ce ( ! occurr5ce ( l& v]tebrates 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks ( ! _w4 ,to ^! tracks ,sir ,william ,dawson lat] gave ! "n ( ,hylopus logani4 ,two ye>s lat] ,dr4 ,g]g5s 7#bia7 wrote a lett] to ,pr(essor ,bronn1 ! f\nd] & "o ( ! editors ( ! ,neues ,jahrbu* fr ,m9]alogie1 ,geologic und ,paleontologie1 9 reg>d to an important discov]y 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks ( ,g]many4 ,! lett] is ( su* exceptional int]e/ 9 connection ) ! hi/ory ( ! fossil ,amphibia t x is giv5 "h3 ,9 dem ,br&s*ief] von ,mn/]appel 9 ,rhe9-,bay]n habe i* 9 vorig5 ,jahre e95 ,salam&] aufgefund5 und ,hrn4 ,h4 v4 ,mey] 9 ,frankfurt zur nh]5 ,unt]su*ung und ,bes*reibung b]geb52--,gehrt dies] ,s*ief] d] ,kohl5-,=mation8--9 diesem ,falle w>e d] ,fund 9 &]5 ,h9si*t int]essant4 ,! =m discov]$ by ,dr4 ,g]g5s & describ$ by ,h]mann von ,mey] z an amphibian is a little puzzl+ z to its *>act]s4 ,miall 7#ddi1 p4 #ahc7 says t ! rema9s are too imp]fect = close def9ition4 ,! =m1 z figur$1 resembles an immature bran*iosaurian1 z "o is at once rem9d$1 f an exam9ation ( ,von ,ammon's ,bran*iosaurus caducus 7#g1 ,taf4 ,,iv1 fig4 #a74 ,9 #ahdd ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,k+ 7#cef7 ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( reptilian footpr9ts 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! next ann\ncem5t ( fossil ,amphibia 0 made by ,goldfuss 7#bif71 :o 9 #ahdg describ$ ! fam\s ,ar*egosaurus f ! upp] ,c>bonif]\s ( ,g]many1 f ! rema9s :i* _h z long ago z #aggg be5 reg>d$ z a fi%4 ,two ye>s lat] ,isaac ,lea 7#cga7 ann\nc$ to ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ?r\gh ,buckl&1 ! discov]y ( footpr9ts 9 ! old ,r$ ,s&/one 7,mau* ,*unk7 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,^! objects occur n r>ely 9 ! ,mau* ,*unk %ales1 :i* are ( upp] ,mississippian age4 ,b>rell 7#ba1 p4 #dfj7 records ! f9d+ ( imp]fect tracks 9 ! same b$s1 & ,rog]s 7,geology ( ,p5nsylvania1 pt4 ,,ii1 #ahef1 p4 #hca7 records ?ree unnam$ v>ieties f #b1bjj feet bel[ ! top ( ! ,mau* ,*unk4 ,branson 7#ej7 has record$ ! f9d+ ( o!r amphibian footpr9ts f ! ,mississippian ( ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,lyell & ,dawson 7#cif71 9 #ahec1 read a pap] be=e ! ,geological ,society ( ,london1 9 :i* !y ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( rema9s ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 al?\gh ,dawson _h previ\sly1 9 #ahej1 discov]$ ! skull ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow51 :i* 0 n describ$ until ! latt] "p ( #ahec 7#eji74 ,! specim5 _h la9 unnotic$ 9 ! collection ( ! ,geological ,society = m ?an two ye>s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! ann\ncem5t 0 made by ,lyell & ,dawson ( ! discov]y ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia1 s mu* int]e/ 0 excit$ t ! skull1 n[ kn[n z ,baphetes planiceps1 0 br\ght to light by ! presid5t or secret>y & 0 describ$ 7#eji7 by ,sir ,ri*>d ,ow54 ,! only o!r kn[n evid5ces ( l& v]tebrates 9 ! ,paleozoic ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 up to ?is "t1 _h be5 ! footpr9ts describ$ by ,lea & ,k+ f ! ,mississippian 7,mau* ,*unk7 & ,p5nsylvanian ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! specim5s pres5t$ to ! ,geological ,society ( ,london by ,lyell & ,dawson 7 f\nd at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia1 & consi/$ ( scutes1 a few limb bones1 a fragm5t ( a jaw1 & a few v]tebr1 a "p ( :i* 7 associat$4 ,! rema9s 7 f\nd q accid5tally & unexpect$ly by !m 9 ! petrifi$ trunks ( anci5t ,sigill>i :i* 7 expos$ on ! coa/4 ,dr4 ,jeffries ,wyman1 ( ,h>v>d ,college1 _h exam9$ ^! rema9s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & _h pron\nc$ 7#fch7 !m to be amphibian1 comp>+ !m ) simil> elem5ts 9 ,m5obran*us4 ,on ! arrival ( ! specim5s 9 ,engl& !y 7 submitt$ to ,sir ,ri*>d ,ow51 :o sugge/$ ! "n 7#ead7 ,d5dr]peton acadianum & comp>$ ! rema9s ) ,ar*egosaurus4 ,at ! same meet+ ( ! ,london ,geological ,society1 ,ow5 read a pap] on a small amphibian 7#ejh7 f ! ,briti% ,c>bonif]\s :i* he nam$ ,p>abatra*us4 ,subsequ5t discov]ies h %[n1 h[ev]1 t ?is =m belongs among ! fi%es4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,geological ,society held 9 ! latt] "p ( ! same ye> ,ow5 ann\nc$ 7#eji7 fur!r discov]ies 9 ! ,nova ,scotia coal b$s4 ,h]mann von ,mey] 7#dcf71 9 #aheg1 describ$ num]\s /egocephalian rema9s f ! upp] ,c>bonif]\s ( ,g]many4 ,dr4 ,jeffries ,wyman1 9 ! same ye>1 describ$ 7#fci7 a new =m ( amphibian f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,?is =m he call$ ,raniceps lyelli1 b z ! "n ,raniceps _h be5 preoccupi$ by ,cuvi] = a g5us ( gadid fi%es1 ,wyman lat] 7#ahfh7 *ang$ ! "n to ,pelion4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ =m to be describ$ f ! locality at ,l9ton1 :i* has s9ce yield$ ! rema9s ( half a hundr$ species4 ,dawson 7#bjd71 9 #ahei1 made a fur!r contribution to ! fauna ( ,nova ,scotia by ! description ( ,hylonomus & o!r species ( ,d5dr]peton f ! ,s\? ,jogg9s deposits4 ,huxley 7#cca71 9 #ahfb1 describ$ ! g5]a ,loxomma & ,pholidoga/] f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,scotl&4 ,! same ye> ,ow5 made a fur!r contribution 7#ead7 to ! fauna ( ! ,nova ,scotia b$s1 & ,huxley 7#ccb7 discuss$ ! anatomy ( ,an?racosaurus f ,scotl&4 ,m>% 7#djd71 9 ! next ye>1 describ$1 z an enaliosaurian1 ! int]e/+ ,eosaurus acadianus f ! ,nova ,scotia ,coal ,measures1 bas+ ! species on two v]tebr1 app>5tly f ! dorsal region4 ,! v]tebr resemble ! /]eospondyl\s type1 & ,huxley 7#ccb7 call$ att5tion to ! simil>ity ( ^! v]tebr to ^? ( ,an?racosaurus4 ,cope 7#aje71 9 #ahfe1 began 8 rese>*es among ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia ( ,nor? ,am]ica by ! description ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales ( ,ill9ois4 ,t5 ye>s lat] 7#abc7 he publi%$ a complete synopsis ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ) especial ref]5ce to ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 species1 illu/rat+ _m ( ! =ms n[ kn[n f ,l9ton4 ,betwe5 ! ye>s #ahfe & #ahig1 ,cope publi%$ num]\s pap]s 7#aje-agg7 on ! ,amphibia ( ! ,paleozoic1 & to 8 rese>*es is due a l>ge "p ( our k ( ^! =ms4 ,great cr$it is due ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry 7#die1 #dih7 = ! en?usiasm & int]e/ :i* 8 collections ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia exhibit4 ,he furni%$ ,cope ) ! majority ( ! type mat]ial describ$ by him1 & x 0 ?r\gh ,dr4 ,newb]ry's in/rum5tality t ! ,synopsis ( ! ,ext9ct ,batra*ia f ! ,coal ,measures 7#abc7 0 publi%$4 ,! mat]ial :i* ,dr4 ,newb]ry _h collect$ he took ) him f ,ohio to ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york1 & a "p ( 8 collection /ill rema9s 9 ! geological collection ( t in/itution1 al?\gh ! great] portion has be5 transf]r$ to ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! ,newb]ry collection =ms ! basis = ! l>g] "p ( ?is memoir4 ,betwe5 ! ye> #ahec & ! e>ly n9eties1 ,dawson cont9u$ 7#bjj-bbc7 8 rese>*es on ! ,amphibia ( ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,8 mo/ notable s+le "w 7#bjh7 is ,! ,air-,brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 publi%$ 9 ,montreal 9 #ahfc1 9 :i* he gives a complete acc\nt ( ! =ms !n kn[n f ,canada1 attempt+ "s re/orations4 ,s9ce 8 dea? !re h be5 no new species describ$ f ,canada1 &1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 !re has be5 no fur!r collect+ at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s4 ,rec5tly ,g4 ,f4 ,mat!w 7#dji7 has re>rang$ ! classification ( amphibian footpr9ts f ,nova ,scotia4 ,jaekel 7#cdg7 has describ$ v fully ! rema9s ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope7 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 bas+ ! new g5us on a species describ$ by ,cope z a memb] ( ,c]at]peton4 ,hay 7#caf7 has add$ to ! k ( ! anatomy ( ,amphibamus1 8 mo/ int]e/+ contribution be+ ! detection ( long1 curv$ ribs 9 ?is =m4 ,?is "* excludes ! species f ! ord] ,bran*iosauria & %[s ! relation%ip ( ! =m to ! ,hylonomid & ! ,microsauria4 ,s*w>z 7#edj7 has describ$ ! *>act]s ( ! v]tebr & ribs ( sev]al g5]a ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia & has 7#eda7 (f]$ 8 views z to ! desc5t ( ! ,amphibia1 bas$ entirely on 8 "w on ! v]tebr ( species f ,nor? ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,s9ce #aijh ! writ] has publi%$ sev]al contributions 7#deg-dhi7 on ! ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! results ( ^! inve/igations are giv5 9 ?is "w4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,/ratigraphic ,,& ,,geographic ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,amphibia ,,9 ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,!re are b f\r localities 9 ,nor? ,am]ica :i* h furni%$ any notable rema9s ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 ,^! are1 9 ! ord] ( _! discov]y1 ! deposits at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia2 ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures2 ! ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 %ales2 & ! ,cannelton slates ne> ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al o!r localities on ! cont95t :i* h furni%$ evid5ces ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 ,! pr9cipal "o ( ! latt] localities is d\btfully ( ,coal ,measures age1 al?\gh rec5t discov]ies w\ld t5d to %[ x is su*4 ,! deposits 9 "q1 ^? ( ! ,clepsydrops %ales ( ,v]milion ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 h1 h]et(ore1 be5 reg>d$ z ,p]mian1 b ! discov]y ( simil> rema9s 9 rocks ( und\bt$ ,p5nsylvanian age 9 ,p5nsylvania w\ld seem to indicate t ! ,ill9ois deposits 7 contemporane\s ) !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,map ( ,upp] ,p5nsylvanian %[+ l& & wat] conditions "u :i* ! ,coal ,measures amphibian fauna liv$4 ,x w be not$ t ! *ief deposits :i* h furni%$ amphibian rema9s are on ! m>g9s ( ! heavily %ad$ areas4 7,aft] ,s*u*]t47 ,explanation ( symbols3 ,l&s are :ite4 ,wat] areas are l9$4 ,=mation outcrops are black or dott$4 ,kn[n %ore-l9es are solid l9es2 probable ones brok54 ,v]tical l9es 9 middle ( cont95t indicate ,gulf m>9e4 7a7 ,! deposits 9 ,v]milion ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 lie along ! nor? bank ( ,salt ,=k ,creek1 at ! tip ( ! ,horse%oe ,b5d1 ab\t #b miles s\? ( ,oakwood1 ,ill9ois4 ,!y 7 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,w9sl[1 ( ,danville1 9 #ahge4 ,! rema9s discov]$ by him 7 =w>d$ to ,pr(essor ,cope = id5tification4 ,lat] ! deposits 7 ?or\ghly explor$ by ,w4 ,f4 ,e4 ,gurley1 & ! specim5s collect$ by him are n[ pres]v$ 7#hf7 9 ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,9 #aijg1 ! writ]1 :ile work+ = ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 9 explor+ ! same locality1 exhau/$ ! b$s s f> z !y c\ld at t "t be uncov]$ f ! l&slide :i* _h ov]:elm$ !m4 ,! =mation 9 :i* ! bones occur is a s(t gray or r$di% %ale1 & x lies )\t any app>5t /ratigraphic break on %ales ( ,p5nsylvanian age4 ,bel[ ^! %ales are sev]al feet ( lime/one conta9+ inv]tebrates ( typical ,p5nsylvanian facies4 ,!re are indications ( at lea/ #c species ( ,amphibia 9 ! deposits4 ,case 7#hf7 has indicat$ ) d\bt a f\r? species4 ,! species are3 ,cricotus het]oclitus ,cope1 ,cricotus gibsonii ,cope1 ,diplocaulus salam&roides ,cope4 ,! rema9s are v fragm5t>y1 & consi/ = ! mo/ "p ( incomplete v]tebr1 ) a few small skull fragm5ts4 7b7 ,9 #ahig ,dr4 ,willi/on 7#fjg7 describ$ "s fragm5ts ( ,cricotus f a deposit 9 ,c[ley ,c\nty1 ne> ,w9field1 ,kansas4 ,!re has be5 "s dispute z to ! age ( ! deposit1 b ! cons5sus ( op9ion seems to be t ! b$s are ( approximately ! same age z ^? ( ,ill9ois & ,p5nsylvania 9 :i* simil> rema9s are f\nd1 & ^? deposits are look$ ^u z ,upp] ,p5nsylvania 7,case 7#id71 pp4 #bci-bdj74 ,no new =ms 7 describ$ f ,w9field1 s9ce only a few fragm5ts 7 obta9$4 ,willi/on ref]r$ ! phalange1 ! fragm5t ( a jaw1 & ! too? to ,cricotus het]oclitus ,cope4 7c7 ,lat] 9 ! same ye> ,willi/on 7#fjh7 ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( a too? ( typical labyr9?odont /ructure f ne> ,l\isville1 ,kansas 7plate #ba1 fig4 #f74 ,! too? 0 accompani$ by fragm5ts ( bone & 0 probably n f> f ! b$ 9 :i* x 0 fossiliz$4 ,willi/on /ates t ! rema9s 7 f ! %ales :i* are ne>ly at ! upp] "p ( ! ,c>bonif]\s1 probably )9 "o hundr$ feet ( ! ,manhattan ,lime/one4 7d7 ,9 #ahid ,m>% 7#djf7 & e>li] 7#ahgc7 ,mudge 7#dij7 describ$ footpr9ts ( v]tebrates f ! /one-qu>ries ne> ,osage ,city1 ,kansas4 ,! /one 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd 0 a f9e-gra9$ lime/one :i* occurs ne> ! middle ( ! ,kansas ,coal ,measures4 7e7 ,two ye>s lat] ,m>% 7#djg7 ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( traces ( ! olde/ kn[n 7,devonian7 air-brea?+ v]tebrate4 ,! footpr9ts ( ,?9opus antiquus 7 reg>d$ by ,m>% z app>5tly amphibian4 ,?is /ill rema9s ! olde/ geological evid5ce ( air-brea?+ v]tebrates1 al?\gh ,lohe/ "s ye>s ago 7#cha7 call$ att5tion to rema9s f ! ,devonian ( ,france :i* he ?\ght might be amphibian4 ,! footpr9t describ$ by ,pr(essor ,m>% 0 f\nd 9 ! t[n ( ,pleasant1 "o mile s\? ( ! ,allegh5y ,riv]1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 by ,dr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,bee*]1 :o pres5t$ x to ,yale ,museum1 & also furni%$ ! in=mation 9 reg>d to its geological position4444 ,! geological horizon is ne> ! top ( ! ,*emung1 9 ! upp] ,devonian4 ,9 ! same b$s are ripple m>ks1 mud cracks1 & impressions ( ra9 drops1 indicat+ %all[ wat] & %ore deposits4 7f7 ,among ! collections ( ! ,am]ican ,museum !re is an impression ( a small amphibian foot obta9$ f ,pho5ix ,tunnel1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! impression is 9 h>d black slate v simil> to ! slate ( ! ,cannelton region4 ,x is possible t ! specim5 may h be5 obta9$ f ! ,cannelton b$s1 s9ce !y w\ld be expect$ to occur at ,pho5ix ,tunnel4 ,! impression is r small4 ,x is ! footpr9t ( a #e-to$ animal1 probably ( ! "r foot1 s9ce no amphibian 7#dfe7 s f> is kn[n f ! ,coal ,measures ) #e digits on ! h&4 ,! fir/ digit is %ort & ?ick1 ) a l>ge ball at its base4 ,! foot measures f ! po/]ior edge ( ! palm to ! tip ( ! longe/ digit #ab mm4 ,! l5g? ( ! fir/ digit is #g mm4 ,! impression diff]s 9 "s respects f ! impressions s f> kn[n f ! ,coal ,measures1 b no attempt w be made to assign x to a species4 ,x may h be5 made by ei!r a bran*iosaurian or a microsaurian1 b m probably ! latt]1 s9ce we d n "k ( any ( ! =m] animals f ! ,cannelton b$s1 or 9 fact f any ( ! ,coal ,measures b$s except+ ! ,mazon ,creek %ales4 ,! specim5 is ,no4 #bhgb ( ! ,am]ican ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,di/ribution ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 #a4 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ne> ,yell[ ,creek ,p4 ,o41 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 on ! banks ( ,yell[ ,creek1 ne> ! ,ohio ,riv]1 #af miles nor? ( ,/eub5ville4 #b4 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ,grundy ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ne> ,morris4 #c4 ,clepsydrops %ales1 ,salt ,=k ,creek1 ,v]milion ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ne> ,oakwood1 on ,tate f>m1 #h miles we/ ( ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 #d4 ,danville1 ,ill9ois1 coal :]e ! type ( ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie 0 f\nd4 #e4 ,breeze1 ,ill9ois1 :]e ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,udd51 9 #aijg1 f\nd a fragm5t ( an amphibian phalange on ! dump ( ! ,coop]ative ,coal ,company4 #f4 ,pitcairn1 ,p5nsylvania1 #ae miles ea/ ( ,pittsburgh4 #g4 ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,cannelton slates1 ,kittann+ =mation1 #de miles nor?we/ ( ,pittsburgh4 #h4 ,fairfield1 ,i[a1 :]e ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,udd5 f\nd rema9s attribut$ by ,dr4 ,ea/man to ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 #i4 ,l\isville1 ,pottawatomie ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 :]e ,dr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,willi/on discov]$ rema9s ( ,ma/odonsaurus 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 #aj4 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 s\rce ( type ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures4 #aa4 ,osage ,city1 ,osage ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 amphibian footpr9ts f ! ,coal ,measures4 #ab4 ,w9field1 ,kansas1 s\rce ( ,cricotus mat]ial4 #ac4 ,l&]1 ,wyom+1 9 ,w9d ,riv] ,c>bonif]\s4 #ad4 ,pict\1 ,pict\ ,c\nty1 ,nova ,scotia1 #hd miles nor!a/ ( ,halifax4 ,s\rce ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow54 #ae4 ,jogg9s 7,jogg9s ,m9es71 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,nova ,scotia1 #d miles f ,riv] ,heb]t4 ,s\rce ( ,hyl]peton & ,d5dr]peton faunas4 #af4 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia1 s\rce ( ! ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%4 7g7 ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,udd51 9 #aijg1 discov]$ a fragm5t ( a phalanx ( "s amphibian 7plate #bb1 fig4 #c7 on ! dump ( ! ,coop]ative ,coal ,company1 a mile ea/ ( ,breeze1 ,ill9ois4 ,x 0 obta9$ f bel[ ! ,%oal ,creek lime/one & some:]e above ! 7,ill9ois7 ,coal ,no4 #f1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,udd5's notes4 ,! maximum wid? ( ! phalanx is #aj mm4 & x probably _h a l5g? ( #af mm4 7h7 ,mr4 ,n4 ,h4 ,br[n1 9 #aiad1 discov]$ 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks to ! ea/ ( ! ,w9d ,riv] ,m\nta9s1 ne> ,l&]1 ,wyom+1 a s+le fragm5t ( an amphibian4 ,! writ] 0 accompany+ ,mr4 ,br[n at ! "t ( ! discov]y & !re c be no d\bt t ! fragm5t 0 amphibian2 ! location ( ! b$s 0 su* t no lat] age ?an ! ,coal ,measures c be assign$ to !m4 7i7 ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,udd5 7#egg71 9 #aiab1 ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( an amphibian 9 ! ,des ,mo9es =mation ( ,i[a4 ,^! rema9s 7 id5tifi$ by ,dr4 ,*>les ,ea/man z ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,s9ce ! ,des ,mo9es is probably ne>ly contemporane\s ) ! ,mazon ,creek %ales ( ,ill9ois1 ! discov]y does n ext5d ! geological range to any ext5t1 b is ( int]e/ z x adds ano!r note to our k ( ! geographical di/ribution ( ! ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 7j7 ,! ,gurley collection ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago possesses a s+le c]vical v]tebra ( "s amphibian 7874 ,! v]tebra is unlike any?+ previ\sly describ$ & repres5ts a new =m 7plate #bb1 fig4 #b7 :i* may be designat$ ,prot]peton gurleyi1 new g5us & species4 ,! mat]ial 0 collect$ ne> ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 7k7 ,deposits h be5 discov]$ 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 :i* are f\nd ! rema9s ( amphibians & reptiles1 v simil> to ^? f ,v]milion ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ,c[ley ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 & ! ,texas ,p]mian4 ,! rema9s 7plate #ah1 fig4 #b7 7 f\nd 9 a ?9 /ratum bel[ ! ,ames lime/one1 & are !re=e 9 ! ,coal ,measures1 fairly well bel[ ! top4 ,! fossils1 z describ$ by ,case 7#id71 consi/ ( fragm5ts :i* he ascribes to pelycosaurian reptiles & to temnospondyl\s amphibians4 ,! g5us ,eryops 7#id7 is recogniz$ 9 sev]al fragm5ts & a ne>ly complete dorsal v]tebral c5trum4 ,o!r types ( ,amphibia are likewise repres5t$4 7l7 ,! iron/one nodules1 9 :i* ! ,mazon ,creek fossils 7plate #a7 occur1 are f\nd 9 ! %ale :i* =ms ! ro( ( ! ,morris or ,no4 #b ,coal ( ,ill9ois1 :i* lies probably some:at l[] ?an ! horizon ( ! ,l[] ,kittann+ ,coal ( ,p5nsylvania 7#eii74 ,! nodules ( iron conta9$ 9 ! ,coal %ales on ! banks ( ,mazon ,creek ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois1 g5]ally conta9 organic nuclei1 & ?\s&s ( beautiful specim5s h be5 obta9$ !re4 ,!y are usually fragm5ts ( f]n fronds1 b are sometimes %ells1 cru/aceans1 myriapods1 scorpions1 spid]s1 cockroa*es1 444 fi%es 7#dih1 p4 #bad71 & amphibians1 ( :i* #aj species are at pres5t kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #a ,,views ,,along ,,mazon ,,creek1 ,,ill9ois4 #a4 ,a nodule wea!r+ out ( ! %ale1 at ! head ( ! hamm]4 ,mo/ ( ! nodules at ! s-call$ l[] b$s conta9 specim5s ( ,neuropt]is4 #b4 ,! nodules 9 ! creek b$ at ! upp] b$s4 ,_m ( !m h be5 crack$ op5 by ! fro/4 #c4 ,look+ s\? at ! upp] b$s4 ,! nodules f\nd 9 ! backgr\nd are non-fossilif]\s4 #d4 ,nodules may be se5 ?r\gh ! cle> wat] emb$d$ 9 ! %ale4 ,neuropt]id insects 9 ! wat]4 #e4 ,look+ = nodules at ! upp] b$s4 ,! upp]mo/ rea*es ( ! fossilif]\s b$s correspond ) ! extreme backgr\nd ( ! picture4 #f4 ,nodules 9 ! /ream b$ at ! l[] b$s4 ,_m ( ^! are crack$ op5 by ! fro/ & good specim5s are sometimes f\nd 9 ! nodules4 ,^! species h be5 arrang$ zoologically accord+ to ! foll[+ plan3 ,class ,amphibia ,l9n1 #ageh4 ,subclass ,euamphibia ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,ord] ,bran*iosauria ,lydekk]1 #ahhi4 ,family ,bran*iosaurid ,frits*1 #ahgi4 ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 #aiaj4 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,ord] ,caudata ,dumril1 #ahjf4 ,subord] ,proteida ,cope4 ,family ,cocyt9id ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,subclass ,lepospondylia ,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,ord] ,microsauria ,dawson1 #ahfc4 ,family ,amphibamid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 #ahfe4 ,amphibamus ?oracatus ,moodie1 #aiaa4 ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,family ,molgophid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,subclass ,/egocephala ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,ord] ,temnospondylia ,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,subord] ,embolom]i ,cope1 #ahhe4 ,family ,cricotid ,cope1 #ahhd4 ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,x w be se5 f ! above arrangem5t t ne>ly all ( ! ord]s ( ,amphibia are repres5t$ 9 ! ,mazon ,creek fauna4 ,^! animals are ! olde/ kn[n l& v]tebrates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,portion ( ! ,morris %eet ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,geological ,survey1 to %[ topography & situations ( ! exposures ( fossil-be>+ %ales at ,mazon ,riv]1 a1 ! ,b>tlett place1 ! s-call$ upp] b$s2 b1 l[] b$s4 ,! writ] 0 able1 dur+ ,july #aiaa1 to sp5d a week /udy+ ! fossil b$s 7#dgi7 at ,mazon ,creek4 ,! object ( ! visit 0 prim>ily to collect ,amphibia1 b al?\gh sev]al ?\s& nodules 7 exam9$1 n "o conta9$ an amphibian nor a fragm5t ( "o4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,c>r1 ( ,morris1 ,ill9ois1 :o has collect$ at ,mazon ,creek = m ?an #cj ye>s1 has nev] collect$ an amphibian4 ,^! facts int]e/$ me 9 mak+ ! foll[+ comp>ison3 ,if we take #ajj1jjj nodules z a basis = computation ( ! r>ity ( ! v>i\s =ms1 some?+ l ! foll[+ w be ! approximate result ( ! inve/igation3 ,( #ajj1jjj nodules1 #bj1jjj w be b>r5 or conta9 only indet]m9ate fragm5ts2 #fh1ejj w conta9 plants2 #g1ejj w conta9 insects1 ,cru/acea1 myriapods1 scorpions1 spid]s1 & o!r ar?ropods2 #c1ijj w conta9 fi% coprolites or scales2 #ie may conta9 fi% or fragm5ts ( fi%2 #d may conta9 mollusks2 & #a may conta9 an amphibian or a fragm5t ( "o4 ,p]haps ev5 #ajj1jjj is l[ z a basis ( e/imate4 ,mr4 ,c>r 0 ( ! op9ion t #a nodule 9 e #ejj1jjj might conta9 an amphibian4 ,! b$s f :i* ! nodules are usually collect$ occur along bo? banks & 9 ! bottom ( ! creek1 9 two localities4 ,"o locality kn[n z ! ,b>tlett place is situat$ #h miles s\!a/ ( ,morris1 9 ,grundy ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ,wauponsee ,t[n%ip1 ,n4,w4 qu>t]1 section #cj1 ,t[n%ip #cc1 ,range #h1 ! l& be+ n[ own$ by ,mrs4 ,emma ,ak]ly1 ( ,wilm+ton1 ,ill9ois4 ,! fossil-be>+ nodules occur ?r\gh\t #f to #h feet ( %ale along bo? banks ( ! creek at ! upp] b$s 7plate #a1 fig4 #c71 z ! ,b>tlett place is call$4 ,!y may also be se5 9 ! b$ ( ! creek1 :5 ! wat] is l[ 7plate #a1 fig4 #d71 /ill emb$d$ 9 ! %ale4 ,) a potato =k ! %ale is easily turn$ & ! nodules come out l potatoes4 ,"o sometimes f9ds a pocket ( nodules f :i* z _m z a peck may be secur$4 ,ne>ly e nodule has a fossil at ! upp] b$s1 b all ( ! fossils are n well pres]v$1 possibly only #a or #b out ( e #aj be+ wor? c>ry+ to ! museum4 ,! nodules crack be/ :5 wet1 & x requires "s skill to crack !m ev5ly4 ,!y seem q light &1 9 "o place :]e ! /ream curves1 are pil$ 9 a long w9dr[4 ,on ?is 7 f\nd1 9 nodules crack$ by ! fro/1 sev]al good cru/aceans & _m good plants4 ,table ( ,p5nsylvanic ,=mations4 ,s]ies ,nor!rn ,appala*ian4 ,bitum9\s4 ,p5nsylvania-,ohio4 ,ill9ois4 ,p5nsylvanic ,coal ,measures 7997 7,salt ,=k74 ,monongahela or ,upp] ,break4 ,productive ,coal ,measures ,conemaugh or ,l[] ,b>r5 ,ames lime/one ne> middle3 7997 7,pitcairn7 ,coal ,no4 #f4 ,freeport ,allegh5y or ,l[] 7997 7,cannelton7 ,coal ,no4 #b 79974 ,coal ,measures ,kittann+ 79974 7,morris877,mazon ,creek74 7,l9ton74 ,cl>ion4 ,pottsville ,home wood4 ,m]c]4 ,conoqu5ess+4 ,%>on4 7997 m>ks ! position ( ! ,amphibian-produc+ horizons 9 ^! regions4 7,aft] ,s*u*]t47 ,! fossils at ! upp] b$s are localiz$ into special /rata4 ,at "o place 9 ! upp] "p ( ! deposit1 9 a r$di% %ale1 "o f9ds t insects are m abundant ?an !y are l[] d[n4 ,! ,cru/acea seem to come f app>5tly ! same %ale4 ,at ! l[] end ( ! deposit c]ta9 def9ite species ( ,pecopt]is are localiz$4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t "o seldom f9ds a ,neuropt]is at ! upp] b$s4 ,! mo/ abundant fossils are ! v>i\s species ( ,pecopt]is & ,annul>ia4 ,:5 specim5s ( ,neuropt]is are f\nd !y are usually discov]$ at ! l[] end ( ! exposures4 ,9 "o place beh9d ! isl& v blue nodules1 h>d & fl9ty & ) sometimes well-pres]v$ specim5s ( ,pecopt]is1 are f\nd q def9itely localiz$4 ,^! nodules are apt to assume an irregul> %ape4 ,^! localizations ( ! fossils are1 ( c\rse1 :at we w\ld expect f our k ( ! rec5t fauna & flora4 ,!re is1 to be sure1 m or less int]m+l+ ( ! species4 ,! myriapods1 s f> z !y h be5 f\nd1 are also localiz$4 ,mr4 ,c>r f\nd #c )9 a space ( a few feet1 b aga9 ^! are f\nd widely scatt]$4 ,! exposures at ! upp] b$s are ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile long4 ,!y disappe> "u a heavy l$ge ( s&y lime/one4 ,at ! l[] b$s 7plate #a1 fig4 #f71 ^? fur!r d[n ! creek1 conditions are q diff]5t f ^? j describ$1 al?\gh ( ! same horizon3 ! banks ( ! creek are high] & almo/ p]p5dicul>1 s t ! *ances ( collection f ! %ales are few]4 ,! b$ ( ! creek1 h[ev]1 is wid] & !re are m nodules wa%$ out4 ,! mo/ abundant fossil at ?is place is ,neuropt]is4 ,! nodules at ! upp] end ( ! exposure are all1 almo/ )\t exception1 b>r5 ( fossils4 ,! exposures "h are ( ab\t ! same ext5t z ! upp] b$s1 ?\gh ! species are n s v>i$4 ,judg+ f ! collections made :ile !re1 ,ar?ropoda are m abundant at ! l[] b$s4 ,bradley 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ill9ois1 ,,iv1 #aif1 #ahgj7 m5tions ! occurr5ce ( ^! nodules at or ne> ,morris4 ,o!r ?an ^! places ! nodules h be5 ?r[n out ( a coal m9e ne> ,braidwood1 ,ill9ois4 ,d\btless close se>* w\ld reveal o!r localities :]e ! %ale is cut ?r\gh 9 m9+4 ,! b$s at bo? places are slightly fold$4 ,?is is true especially ( ! upp] b$s1 :]e a conspicu\s fold caus$ ! b$s to disappe> 9 ! b$ ( ! creek & to reappe> f>!r d[n /ream4 ,?is is directly across ! l>ge ox-b[ b5d ( ! creek4 ,! b$s at ,mazon ,creek 7 fir/ explor$ 9 #aheg by ,mr4 ,joseph ,evans1 :o s5t 8 specim5s to ,b]l91 ,g]many1 :]e !y excit$ great int]e/4 ,x 0 he :o collect$ ! type specim5 ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,mr4 ,evans _m h collect$ at ,mazon ,creek1 & )\t d\bt ! fossil-be>+ nodules f ?is locality are m widely scatt]$ 9 ! museums ( ! _w ?an are organic rema9s f any o!r "o horizon4 ,s f> z we "k !re 0 no upl& v]tebrate life at t "t4 ,! =ms at pres5t kn[n 7 conf9$ to ! wat] or ! m>g9s ( ! wat]4 ,! abs5ce ( k ( upl& & t]re/rial deposits ( ?is "t d\btless acc\nts = ! abs5ce ( kn[n v]tebrates4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 especially int]e/+ to speculate on ! ance/ral types ( ! l& v]tebrates1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia z at pres5t kn[n ?r[ ! ance/ry ( l&-liv+ v]tebrates f> back into geological "t4 7m7 ,! ,cannelton slates ( ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 h furni%$ #c species ( ,amphibia & fragm5ts ( o!r species are repres5t$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum 7#dfb74 ,! species s f> kn[n are3 ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie1 ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie1 ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie4 ,!y are ! fir/ evid5ce ( ! occurr5ce ( amphibian rema9s 9 ^! deposits4 ,! ,cannelton specim5s are f\nd 9 a ?9 /ratum ( slate :i* =ms "p ( ! ,middle ,cannelton ,coal4 ,! ,cannelton slate1 9 :i* ! fossils occur1 =ms ! ro( ( ! ,middle ,kittann+ ,coal1 :i* is only #bj to #cj feet above ! ,l[] ,kittann+ b$ 7,i4 ,c4 ,:ite71 s x becomes evid5t t ! deposition ( ! ,cannelton slates 0 at only a slightly lat] p]iod ?an t ( ! %ales 9 :i* ! ,mazon ,creek nodules occur1 s9ce ! ,mazon ,creek %ales =m ! ro( ( ! ,morris1 :i* is probably some:at l[] ?an ! ,l[] ,kittann+ ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,f ! ,cannelton slates are kn[n ! rema9s ( plants1 insects1 cru/acea1 especially ,eurypt]ids f\nd 9 %ale imm$iately bel[ ! ,d>l+ton 7,upp] ,kittann+7 ,cannel ,coal1 ne> ,cannelton1 ,d>l+ton ,t[n%ip1 ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,horizon1 ,allegh5y ,riv] ,s]ies 7,hall1 #ahhd74 ,9 ^! %ales occur also1 fi%es & ! #c species ( amphibians ref]r$ to above4 ,! ,amphibia kn[n f ?is region are small1 ! l>ge/ ( !m n exce$+ #f in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,portion ( ,we/ ,virg9ia-,ohio-,p5nsylvania1 ,wellsville ,quadrangle ( ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey1 to %[ topography & situation ( ,l9ton coal m9es4 ,"s fossil amphibians d\btless came f across ! l9e 9 ,columbiana ,c\nty4 7n7 ,! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 b$s outcropp$ ne> ,l9ton po/-(fice1 :i* 0 =m]ly locat$ at ! m\? ( ,yell[ ,creek1 a few hundr$ y>ds f ! pres5t /ation1 ,yell[ ,creek1 ,salem ,t[n%ip1 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 9 ! valley ( ,yell[ ,creek1 ne> ! ,ohio ,riv]1 & ?us ne> ! ,p5nsylvania /ate l9e4 ,9 reg>d to ! exact location ( ! t[n ( ,l9ton1 :i* has long s9ce be5 ab&on$1 ,i quote f a lett] f ,dr4 ,l\is ,hussak(1 :o visit$ ! locality3 ,! locality appe>s to h be5 kn[n z ,yell[ ,creek = _m ye>s pa/4 ,t is ! "n us$ 9 ! ,geological ,map ( ,ohio publi%$ by ,orton 9 #ahhh & :i* 0 bas$ on ! e>li] maps ( ,newb]ry 7#ahfi & #ahgi74 ,:5 ,i visit$ ! place 9 #aije1 & ask$ = ,l9ton 7:i* ,i _h n be5 able to locate on any map !n available to me71 h>dly anyone knew ( su* a locality4 ,only "o old man 9 ,/eub5ville1 ,ohio1 recall$ t ,yell[ ,creek 0 id5tical ) ,l9ton4 ,yell[ ,creek is n a village1 b only a ,r4 ,r4 /ation 7on ! ,p5nsylvania ,r4 ,r471 & m>ks a spot :]e once 0 an active & prosp]\s m9e4 ,probably at a =m] day !re 0 a small po/-(fice some:]e 9 ! neighborhood kn[n z ,l9ton4 ,i did n take any photographs1 z ,i 0 n c]ta9 ( ! spot1 or ! m9e1 f :i* ! fossils _h come4 ,!re are "s cem5t m9es )9 a few m9utes' walk ( ! /ation1 b no coal appe>s to be m9$ at pres5t at ,yell[ ,creek4 ',smi?'s ,pit1' ! coal m9e be/ rememb]$ by ! y\ng] m51 is n work$4 ,n[ z to ! "q :e!r "s ( ! ,amphibia might h come f localities 9 ,columbiana ,c\nty4 ,i believe x v probable t !y did4 ,i walk$ along ! road f ,yell[ ,creek 7,jeff]son ,c\nty7 to ,wellsville 7,columbiana ,c\nty71 a di/ance ( ab\t #b or #b4e miles1 & ! c\ntry seem$ q ! same4 ,ev]y:]e "o sees outcrops ( coal 9 ! cuts along ! road4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i inclose a copy ( a page 9 an old notebook ( ,pr(essor ,newb]ry f :i* y w see t ,coal ,measure fossil localities 7 kn[n n only at ,yell[ ,creek1 b also f ne> ,wellsville4 ,!re c be h>dly a d\bt t mo/ ( ! specim5s y h are f ,yell[ ,creek2 & q a numb] are ^? collect$ by ,sam ,hu/on4 ,newb]ry says1 9 reg>d to ! fauna ( ! ,l9ton ,coal3 ,! ,l9ton locality is especially int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,x has already 7#ahhi7 yield$ m ?an #bj species ( fi%es & ne>ly #dj species ( aquatic amphibians1 all inhabitants ( ! same body ( wat]4 ,^! 7 f\nd 9 a ?9 /ratum ( cannel :i*1 ov] a limit$ area1 und]lies a ?ick b$ ( cubical coal 7,no4 #f ( ! ,ohio reports71 ( :i* ! place is ne> ! top ( ! ,l[] ,coal ,measures4 ,at ,l9ton1 444 we h evid5ce t ! great m>% 9 :i* ! peat accumulat$ t =m$ coal ,no4 #f 0 = a "t a lake or a lagoon1 inhabit$ by ! fi%es & amphibians to :i* ,i h ref]r$4444 ,_m ( ! fi%es & ! amphibians 7 highly c>nivor\s & p[]ful1 z we le>n f _! tee? & coprolites4 ,! l>ge/ ( ! amphibians mu/ h be5 #h or #aj feet 9 l5g?1 hav+ /rong jaws1 set ) num]\s lancet-%ap$ tee? an in* or m 9 l5g?4444 ,aft] a suffici5t "t _h elaps$ = _m g5]ations ( fi%es & aquatic salam&]s to live & die1 ! lake 0 fill$ by ! ext5sion ( its peaty %ores into x j z s _m lakelets are fill$ & oblit]at$ at ! pres5t "t & aft]w>d ov] ! cannel 0 =m$ a mass ( peat1 :i* has n[ become a /ratum ( cubical coal #g feet 9 ?ickness4 ,9 ! ,l9ton cannel are buri$ fragm5ts or entire individuals ( all ! inhabitants ( ?is body ( wat] :i* _h h>d p>ts1 bones1 scales1 sp9es1 or tee?1 capable ( pres]vation4 ,h5ce we get a locally complete picture ( ! life ( ! ,c>bonif]\s age1 & we f9d x to be unexpect$ly ri* & v>i$4 ,9 t age fi%es & amphibians 7 ! highe/ =ms ( animal life1 & ! amphibians 7 comp>atively newcom]s on ! e>?'s surface4 ,yet !y _h multipli$ & diff]5tiat$ until ?is little pool conta9$ millions ( !m1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f #f in*es to #aj feet & curi\sly div]sifi$ 9 _! =ms1 _! scales1 & sp9es1 & 9 ! ornam5tation ( _! enamel-cov]$ heads 7#dih74 ,to ! paleontologi/ !re are few places 9 ! _w m int]e/+ ?an ! ,diamond m9e1 at ,l9ton1 s9ce "h we get su* a view ( ! life ( ! ,c>bonif]\s age z is af=d$ almo/ n[h]e else1 & ( ! great numb]s ( species f\nd !re1 n m ?an ?ree or f\r h be5 met ) else:]e 7#dig74 ,on page #ah is a li/ ( ! ,amphibia :i* are ?us f> describ$ f ! ,l9ton deposits4 ,!y all belong1 s f> z kn[n1 to ! ,microsauria1 ! ref]5ce ( any ( ! species to o!r ord]s be+ d\btful4 ,! l>g] ,amphibia seem to be indicat$ by a l>ge rib :i* resembles v mu* t describ$ by ,huxley 9 #ahfc = ,an?racosaurus4 ,amphibia f ! ,l9ton ,b$s 7#ea ,,species74 ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi ,cope4 ,fragm5t ( a skull4 ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope4 ,impression ( body4 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope4 ,a skull & ant]ior dorsal v]tebr4 ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope4 ,l>ge portion ( skeleton1 no skull4 ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie4 ,complete skull4 ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope4 ,ant]ior v]tebr1 "p ( skull1 ) ribs & portion ( v5tral armature4 ,dic]atosaurus robu/us ,moodie4 ,incomplete cranium4 ,eos]peton 7,c]at]peton7 t5uicorne ,cope4 ,incomplete skull4 ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie4 ,complete skull4 ,erpetosaurus obtusus ,cope4 ,incomplete skull4 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope4 ,incomplete skull4 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 ,incomplete skull1 ) clavicles4 ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie4 ,incomplete skull4 ,eury?orax sublvis ,cope4 ,a s+le int]clavicle4 7,op]culum ( lung fi%1 ,sag5odus47 ,hyphasma lvis ,cope4 ,incomplete skull & ant]ior v]tebr4 ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope4 ,portion ( dorsal region4 ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope4 ,po/]ior portion ( body4 ,leptophractus d5tatus ,moodie4 ,m&ible4 ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope4 ,incomplete skull4 ,leptophractus obsoletus ,cope4 ,portions ( skull4 ,macr]peton deani ,moodie4 ,m&ible & "p ( skull4 ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope4 ,"p ( cranium4 ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope4 ,"p ( v]tebral column ) ribs4 ,molgophis macrurus ,cope4 ,v]tebral column4 ,molgophis :eatleyi ,cope4 ,"p ( skull ) #be v]tebr4 ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie4 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body4 /ocephalus rectid5s ,cope4 ,"p ( m&ible4 /ocephalus remex ,cope4 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body4 ,pelion lyelli ,wyman4 ,cranium1 =e "p ( body1 h9d limb4 ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope4 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body4 ,phlege?ontia s]p5s ,cope4 ,s]ies ( #bb dorsal v]tebr4 ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,"p ( v]tebral column & limbs4 ,ptyonius m>%ii ,cope4 ,"p ( skull & ant]ior v]tebr4 ,ptyonius nummif] ,cope4 ,skull & great] "p ( v]tebral column4 ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope4 ,_m specim5s1 "s ne>ly p]fect4 ,ptyonius s]rula ,cope4 ,ne>ly complete skeleton4 ,ptyonius v9*ellianus ,cope4 ,skull & ant]ior v]tebr4 ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope4 ,skull & =e "p ( body4 ,sauropleura digitata ,cope4 ,great] "p ( body m9us skull4 ,sauropleura 7,anisodexis7 en*odus ,cope4 ,"p ( jaw4 ,sauropleura foveata ,cope4 ,a s+le int]clavicle ) impression4 ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie4 ,incomplete skull ) m&ible4 ,sauropleura newb]ryi ,cope4 ,two incomplete skulls ) v]tebr4 ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope4 ,elem5ts ( a pectoral ar*4 ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry4 ,imp]fect skeleton4 ,/egops div>icata ,cope4 ,ne>ly complete skull4 ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 ,dorsal v]tebr4 ,tuditanus breviro/ris ,cope4 ,skull & ant]ior v]tebr4 ,tuditanus longipes ,cope4 ,"p ( v]tebral column ) limbs4 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope4 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body4 ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie4 ,skull & portions ( body4 ,besides ! above-li/$ species !re are o!rs indicat$ by fragm5ts too poorly pres]v$ to be wor?y ( specific designation4 ,! ,l9ton ,amphibia are all app>5tly conf9$ exclusively to t locality4 ,species f ! ,cannelton slates h be5 assign$1 h[ev]1 to g5]a :i* occur at ,l9ton1 i4e41 ,erpetosaurus & ,tuditanus4 ,?is ref]5ce may be due to lack ( k1 z ! =ms are insuffici5tly kn[n4 ,a s+le ,l9ton species has be5 assign$ to ,i*?y]peton1 a g5us kn[n o!rwise only f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&4 ,cope ref]r$ species f ,l9ton to ! g5us ,c]at]peton ( ,huxley1 f ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&1 b ,jaekel 7#cdg7 & ! writ] 7#dfb7 h %[n t ! species 7 incorrectly assign$ to ! g5us ,c]at]peton1 & t 9 fact !y repres5t widely di/9ct g5]a4 ,a s+le species has be5 id5tifi$ by ,ea/man f ! ,des ,mo9es lime/one ( ,i[a z id5tical ) "o f ,l9ton1 ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,! ,l9ton fauna is di/9ct f t ( ! ,mazon ,creek b$s1 & also f t ( ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 7o7 ,! deposits 9 ,nova ,scotia h be5 correlat$ ) ! ,coal ,measures /rata ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,bell1 ,summ4 ,rpt4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,canada1 #aiab1 #aiad1 #cfj-cga74 ,!y are v ne> ! same age z ! ,l9ton b$s & come 9 ne> ! base ( ! ,allegh5y ,riv] s]ies4 ,! exposures are at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 along ! sea-coa/4 ,"h 9 /rata ( clay int]/ratifi$ ) coal are f\nd ! erect /umps ( ! ,sigill>i1 & x 0 9 ! rock )9 ^! /umps t ,lyell & ,dawson1 9 #ahec1 discov]$ ! rema9s ( ! amphibians :i* !y t]m$ reptiles4 ,! bones ( ,d5dr]peton hi!rto f\nd1 z well z ^? ( ! small] species1 h be5 obta9$ f ! int]ior ( erect ,sigill>i1 & all ( ^? 9 "o ( ! _m b$s :i*1 at ! ,jogg9s1 conta9 su* rema9s4 ,! ?ick cellul> inn] b>k ( ! ,sigill>ia 0 v p]i%able2 ! sl5d] woody axis 0 some:at m durable2 b ne> ! surface ( ! /em1 !re 0 a lay] ( elongat$ cells1 or ba/ tissue ( consid]able durability1 & ! out] b>k 0 exce$+ly d5se & inde/ructible4 ,h5ce an erect tree1 p>tly imb$d$ 9 s$im5t1 & subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! wea!r1 became a holl[ %ell ( b>k4 ,:5 !y rema9$ op5 = a consid]able "t1 !y w\ld con/itute pitfalls into :i* animals walk+ on ! surface might be precipitat$4 ,:5 ! surface 0 inundat$ all su* rema9s w\ld be cov]$ & imb$d$ 9 ! s$im5t4 ,^! seem to h be5 ! precise conditions ( ! b$ :i* af=d$ ^! rema9s4 7,dawson1 #bbc1 #ahid47 ,fifte5 species h be5 describ$ f ! ,jogg9s deposits4 ,two are kn[n f ! ,albion m9es1 s\? ,nova ,scotia1 :]e 7 obta9$ ! rema9s ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow5 & ,b4 m9or ,dawson4 ,! foll[+ #ag species ( ,amphibia are kn[n f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,canada3 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson4 ,tee? & fragm5ts4 ,baphetes m9or ,dawson4 ,an incomplete m&ible4 ,baphetes planiceps ,ow54 ,an incomplete cranium f ,albion4 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow54 ,a jaw1 limb bones1 & fragm5ts4 ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson4 ,phalangeal bone & fragm5ts4 ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%4 ,two dorsal v]tebr4 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson4 ,a m&ible1 v]tebr1 ribs4 ,hyl]peton dawsoni ,ow54 ,m&ible1 tee? & incomplete maxilla4 ,hyl]peton int]m$ium ,dawson4 ,m&ible & portions ( skull4 ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson4 ,fragm5ts ( m&ible & skull4 ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson4 ,m&ible & tee?4 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson4 ,incomplete skeleton & "p ( skull4 ,hylonomus multid5s ,dawson4 ,fragm5ts ( skull4 ,hylonomus wymani ,dawson4 ,m&ible & v]tebr4 ,platy/egos loricatum ,dawson4 ,incomplete skull1 v]tebr4 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson4 ,tee?1 ribs1 fragm5ts4 ,sp>odus sp4 indet4 ,tee?1 scales4 7p7 ,all ! rema9s repres5t+ ! above species 7 collect$ by ,sir ,j4 ,william ,dawson at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s & at ! m9es ( ,albion1 ) ! exception ( ,eosaurus1 :i* 0 collect$ by ,o4 ,c4 ,m>%4 ,! collections ( ,dawson are n[ 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity 9 ,montreal & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ,london4 ,! hi/ory ( ! discov]y ( ! deposits & _! amphibian fossils at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s is s int]e/+ t x 0 ?\ght wor? :ile to reproduce 9 l>ge "p ,dawson's pap] ,on ! ,mode ( ,occurr5ce ( ,rema9s ( ,l& ,animals 9 ,erect ,trees at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia1 publi%$ 9 #ahia 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,canada1 section ,,iv1 p4 #abg3 ,! rem>kable section ( coal-=mation rocks at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 9 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 has long be5 kn[n z "o ( ! mo/ in/ructive 9 ! _w2 exhibit+ z x does a ?ickness ( #e1jjj feet ( /rata ( coal-=mation 9 a cliff ( consid]able height1 kept clean by ! tides & waves1 & 9 ! reefs ext5d+ f ?is to ! %ore1 :i* at l[ tide expose ! b$s v p]fectly4 ,x 0 fir/ describ$ 9 detail by ! late ,sir ,w4 ,e4 ,logan 7,report ,geol4 ,surv4 ,canada1 #ahdd71 & aft]w>ds ! middle portion ( x 0 /ill m detail$ by ! au?or 7,dawson71 m especially 9 connection ) ! fossil rema9s *>act]i/ic ( ! sev]al b$s & ! vegetable con/itu5ts & accompanim5ts ( ! num]\s seams ( coal 7,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,lond41 ,x1 p4 #a1 #ahec74 ,x 0 on occasion ( a visit ( ! au?or 9 company ) ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 & 9 ! pursuit ( ^! inve/igations1 t "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ! section 0 disclos$ 9 #ahea4 ,?is is ! occurr5ce1 9 ! trunks ( c]ta9 trees imb$d$ 9 an erect position 9 ! s&/ones ( ,coal-m9e ,po9t1 ( rema9s ( small reptiles1 :i* ) "o exception1 a specim5 f ! ,pict\ coal-fields1 7 ! fir/ ev] discov]$ 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 & are /ill 7#ahia7 ! mo/ p]fect examples kn[n ( a mo/ int]e/+ family ( coal-=mation animals1 int]m$iate 9 "s respects betwe5 reptiles prop] & batra*ians1 & kn[n z ,microsauria4 ,) ^! 7 f\nd ! fir/-kn[n ,c>bonif]\s l& snails & millip$es4 ,v complete collections ( ^! rema9s h be5 plac$ by ! au?or ) 8 o!r specim5s 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a =e/ or grove ( ! l>ge ribb$ trees kn[n z ,sigill>i 0 ei!r subm]g$ by subsid5ce or1 gr[+ on l[ gr\nd1 0 invad$ ) ! muddy wat]s ( an inundation1 or successive inundations1 s t ! trunks 7 buri$ to ! dep? ( sev]al feet4 ,! project+ tops hav+ be5 remov$ by suba]ial decay1 ! buri$ /umps became holl[1 :ile _! h>d out] b>k rema9$ intact4 ,!y ?us became holl[ cyl9d]s 9 a v]tical position & op5 at ! top4 ,! surface hav+ !n become dry l&1 cov]$ ) vegetation1 0 haunt$ by small quadrup$s & o!r l& animals1 :i* f "t to "t fell into ! op5 holes1 9 "s cases n9e feet deep1 & c\ld n extricate !mselves4 ,on _! dea?1 & ! decomposition ( _! s(t p>ts1 _! bones & o!r h>d portions rema9$ 9 ! bottom ( ! tree int]mix$ ) any vegetable debris or soil wa%$ 9 by ra91 & :i* =m$ ?9 lay]s sep>at+ successive animal deposits f ea* o!r4 ,f9ally1 ! area 0 aga9 subm]g$ or ov]fl[$ by wat]1 be>+ s& & mud4 ,! holl[ trees 7 fill$ to ! top & _! animal cont5ts ?us seal$ up4 ,at l5g? ! mat]ial fill+ ! trees 0 by pressure & ! access ( cem5t+ matt] h>d5$ to /one1 n infrequ5tly h>d] ?an t ( ! conta9$ b$s1 & ! :ole be+ tilt$ to an angle ( #bj1 & elevat$ into l& expos$ to ! action ( ! tide & waves1 ^! s+ul> c(f9s pres5t !mselves z /ony cyl9d]s project+ f ! cliff or reef1 & c be extract$ & _! cont5ts /udi$4 ,! s+ul> comb9ation ( accid5ts above detail$ 01 ( c\rse1 ( v r>e occurr5ce1 &1 9 po9t ( fact1 we "k only "o set ( b$s at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s 9 :i* su* rema9s s pres]v$ occur2 nor is !re1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 any o!r kn[n in/ance else:]e4 ,ev5 9 ! b$s 9 "q1 only a portion ( ! trees1 ab\t #ae out ( #cj1 h af=d$ animal rema9s4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 ?us be5 enabl$ to obta9 specim5s ( a numb] ( species :i* w\ld probably o!rwise h be5 unkn[n1 be+ less likely ?an o!rs to be pres]v$ 9 prop]ly aque\s deposits4 ,su* discov]ies on ! "o h& impress u ) ! imp]fection ( ! geological record2 on ! o!r1 !y %[ u ! s+ul> provisions :i* h be5 made 9 ! c\rse ( geological "t = pres]v+ ! relics ( ! anci5t _w1 & :i* await ! indu/ry & skill ( collectors to disclose _! hidd5 treasures4 ,!re is evid5ce 9 coprolitic matt] on "o ( ! surfaces )9 ! trunks1 & also 9 c]ta9 trails on ^! surfaces1 t "s ( ! imprison$ animals liv$ = a "t 9 _! subt]ranean prisons2 t !y crept ar\nd _! walls 9 se>* ( a way ( escape1 & t ! l>g] animals f$ on small] species entrapp$ along ) !m4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( ^! entomb$ amphibians ,sir ,william ,dawson 0 giv5 a grant ( #ej f ! ,gov]nm5t ,fund by ! c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 to aid 9 ! extraction ( ^! trees & ! collection ( _! cont5ts4 ,! trees 7 c>efully tak5 out & _! cont5ts exam9$2 ! portions conta9+ ! animal rema9s 7 c>efully box$ to be tak5 to ,montreal = f9al clean+ & /udy4 ,erosion goes on rapidly at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 b no "o has paid any att5tion to ! occurr5ce ( ,amphibia along ! coa/ ( ,nova ,scotia )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,dawson's tree ,no4 #ac at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,upp] "p1 9 situ1 9 ! reef aft] x _h be5 expos$ by bla/+4 7,aft] ,dawson1 bas$ on a photograph47 7q7 ,a deposit :i* w be ( und\bt$ int]e/ 9 connection ) ! occurr5ce ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures is t :i* outcrops along ! banks ( ,rock ,creek 9 ! ,s\? we/]n "p ( ,d\glas ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 9 ,m>ion ,t[n%ip 7,t[n%ip #ad s\?1 ,range #ah ea/1 ,,sw4 & ,,se4 qu>t]s ( section #g71 ab\t #b miles f ! n[-ab&on$ po/-(fice ( ,tw9 ,m\nds1 s call$ f ! two flat-topp$1 elongat$ m\nds ( ,oread lime/one to ! we/ ( ! t[n4 ,! int]e/ 9 ^! b$s is n due to ! discov]y ( ,amphibia 9 !m1 b ! possibilities ( su* discov]ies4 ,?is is indicat$ by ! occurr5ce ( fossils1 9 nodules simil> to ^? obta9$ f ,mazon ,creek1 :i* are id5tical g5]ically1 nd 9 mo/ cases specifically1 ) ! ,mazon ,creek animals & plants4 ,! fossils s f> collect$ f ?is int]e/+ locality are3 ,insecta 7,id5tifi$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,sell>ds74 ,spiloblatt9a mal$icta 7,scudd]74 ,! basal half ( a front w+4 ,etoblatt9a sp4 ,! h9d w+ ( a cockroa*4 ,ara*nida4 ,an?rocom>tus4 ,impression ( ! body4 ,pre/wi*ia dan ,m4 ,w4 ,ne>ly complete specim54 ,cru/acea4 ,acan?otelson /impsoni ,m4 ,w4 ,?ree ne>ly complete individuals4 ,plants 7,id5tifi$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,c>r1 ( ,morris1 ,ill474 ,pecopt]is sp4 ,sagitt>ia reticulata ,lesqu]eux4 ,annul>ia longifolia ,lesqu]eux4 ,annul>ia inflata ,lesqu]eux4 ,pecopt]is villosa ,brongni>t4 ,neuropt]is decipi5s ,lesqu]eux4 ,pecopt]is s]pulifolia ,lesqu]eux4 ,by f> ! mo/ abundant plant is ,pecopt]is4 ,! fossils occur 9 def9ite /rata ( nodules imm$iately above a #aj-;in* coal seam :i* is work$ = local consumption4 ,! coal lies ne> ! base ( ! exposure 9 ! m we/]n portion ( ! outcrop1 b x is rais$ by an anticl9al fold to ne> ! top ( ! creek-banks by ! bridge across ,rock ,creek1 along ! banks ( :i* ! %ales are expos$4 ,nodules conta9+ fossils are f\nd mo/ abundantly at ! we/]n exposure on ! ,mc,kinzie place1 only a few hav+ be5 f\nd ne> ! bridge4 ,bel[ ! coal-seam1 nodules ( v>i\s %apes & sizes occur1 b !y seldom conta9 fossils & nev] good ones4 ,occasionally1 z at ,mazon ,creek1 fragm5ts ( plants adh]e to ! outside ( ! incru/+ %ale4 ,a s+le nodule may h adh]+ to x fragm5ts ( #d g5]a ( plants4 ,! fossilif]\s nodules all occur above ! coal & are mo/ prolific & abundant imm$iately above ! seam1 )9 ! fir/ #aj in*es4 ,9 ! same /ratum ( %ale ) ! nodules are f\nd abundant impressions ( plants 9 ! %ale1 (t5 p]fect fronds be+ uncov]$4 7,see1 9 ?is connection1 ,tw5h(el & ,dunb>1 #aiad1 ,nodules ) ,fi%es f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kansas1 ,am]4 ,j\rn4 ,sci41 ,,xxxviii1 pp4 #aeg-afc47 ,g4 ,f4 ,mat!w 7#djh-dac7 has describ$ num]\s g5]a & species ( footpr9ts1 presumably amphibian1 f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,canada4 ,! impressions indicate small creatures = ! mo/ "p4 ,o!r impr9ts h be5 describ$ by ,logan1 ,dawson1 ,lyell1 ,m>%1 ,mudge1 & ,lea4 ,s9ce ! pres5t "w is int5d$ l>gely = a morphological review1 only pass+ notice c be giv5 to ! i*nites4 ,! lit]ature on ! ,i*nites has be5 br\ght toge!r 9 ,hay's ,bibliography & ,catalogue ( ,fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 pp4 #ech-eec4 ,ref]5ces s9ce ! publication ( ,hay's catalogue 7#cag7 w be f\nd 9 ! bibliography at ! end ( ?is "w4 ,footpr9ts are ( int]e/ 9 t !y are ! only evid5ce we h ( ! occurr5ce ( l& v]tebrates 9 ! ,devonian & ,mississippian ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,morphology ,,( ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,amphibia4 ,! anatomy ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia pres5ts _m primitive types ( /ructure4 ,_! organization repres5ts a /age pass$ ?r\gh 9 ! ontog5y ( high] v]tebrates4 ,! animals are simil> 9 a g5]al way1 yet s div]se are ! modifications :i* !y h suff]$ "u diff]5t environm5tal conditions1 t close scrut9y is ne$$ to disc]n ! exact relation%ip ( ! =ms4 ,our k ( ?is relation%ip is bas$ on ! /ructures pres]v$1 :i* are l>gely skeletal1 s9ce little is kn[n ( ! s(t anatomy 7#dga7 ( ! air-brea?+ v]tebrates ( ! ,coal ,measures4 ,! pubis is ossifi$ 9 ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia lat] ?an ! is*ium & ilium2 ! c>pus & t>sus are c>tilag9\s2 ! v]tebr consi/ ( a pleuroc5trum & two neuroc5tra1 ?us p>allel+ conditions 9 mod]n mammalian embryos4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--;,g5]aliz$ figure ( dorsum ( an e>ly amphibian skull to %[ position ( elem5ts & t]m9ology adopt$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! outl9e is bas$ on t ( ,eryops1 b is 9 no way int5d$ to indicate t =m4 a4 com1 ant]ior commissure ( lat]al-l9e canals2 com1 commissural communication betwe5 infra- & supra-orbital lat]al-l9e canals2 fr1 frontal2 inf1 int]frontal2 inn1 int]nasal2 info1 infraorbital lat]al-l9e canal2 x1 int]temporal2 jl1 jugal lat]al-l9e canal2 j1 jugal2 l>1 lacrimal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 oc1 occiput2 occ1 occipital cross-commissure ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 p(1 po/frontal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 pf1 prefrontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 g1 quadrate2 qj1 quadratojugal2 spo1 supraorbital lat]al-l9e canal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 t1 temporal lat]al-l9e canal2 tab1 tabul>e4 7a7 ,! skull ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia has 7fig4 #f7 ess5tially ! same /ructure 9 ! diff]5t gr\ps4 ,x is l>gely =m$ ( bones ( intramembran\s orig91 repres5t+ ! face bones ( ! mammalian skull4 ,! skull 9 life 0 d\btless a *ondrocranium ) ! membrane bones laid d[n ^u ! c>tilag9\s box conta9+ ! s5se-organs1 z 9 ! /urgeon 7,acip5s]71 :]e ! surface bones ( ! face 7 probably orig9ally scales1 :i* lat] became consolidat$ into l>ge bony scutes4 ,! membrane bones ( ! e>ly ,amphibia may h be5 orig9ally d]iv$ f scales1 b at pres5t no?+ is kn[n ( ?is orig92 d\btless ! elem5ts _h an intramembran\s orig9 9 ! ance/ors ( ! gr\p4 ,judg+ f ,cr$n]'s /udies on ! s]ies ( specim5s ( ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus ,cr$n] 7#ahg71 ! skull bones d n ossify completely until relatively late 9 ! life ( ! individual4 ,! skull 9 ! y\nge/ individual figur$ by ,cr$n] 7op4 cit41 ,taf4 ,,xvi1 fig4 #a7 seems to be l>gely c>tilag9\s1 ) beg9n+s ( sep>ation into ! skeletal elem5ts4 ,! mann] & "t ( developm5t & ossification ( ! skull seems to proce$ mu* z x does 9 mod]n amphibians4 ,! condition f\nd 9 ! skull ( ,cryptobran*us allegh5i5sis or ,necturus maculosus w repres5t pretty accurately ! condition ( mo/ ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia4 ,! face bones 9 c]ta9 =ms 7 sculptur$ & cut by lat]al-l9e canals4 ,a m$ian suture divides ! skull into two equal regions dorsally4 ,on ! sides ( ?is m$ian suture lie pairs ( elem5ts :i* are common to all high] v]tebrates4 ,^! elem5ts are3 ! premaxill1 nasals1 frontals1 p>ietals1 & po/-p>ietals4 ,all ( ^! elem5ts v>y some:at 9 %ape & slightly 9 arrangem5t1 b always occupy ! same relative positions4 ,to ! side ( ^! elem5ts lie ! prefrontal1 ! po/frontal1 ! supratemporal1 ! squamosal1 & tabul>e1 & occupy+ ! m>g9 ( ! skull are ! maxilla1 ! jugal1 ! quadratojugal1 & possibly ! quadrate 9 a few =ms4 ,! p>ietal =am5 occurs usually )9 ! p>ietal bone1 b its position is subject to slight v>iations & x may occur on ! suture betwe5 ! frontal & ! p>ietal1 or ev5 f> po/]ior ne> ! po/p>ietal4 ,! no/rils (t5 lie well =w>d & are includ$ by ! premaxill1 nasals1 & prefrontals4 ,! orbit is usually well po/]ior1 b x may occur f> =w>d4 ,x is b\nd$ by ! prefrontal1 ! frontal1 ! po/frontal1 ! po/-orbital1 & ! jugal4 ,sometimes ! lacrimal is pres5t & has be5 cle>ly id5tifi$ on ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! orbit 9 a few cases4 7b7 ,scl]otic plates (t5 occur )9 ! orbits1 & are n conf9$ to any p>ticul> gr\p1 ?\gh !y are q con/ant among ! ,bran*iosauria4 ,!y are usually delicate1 ?91 broad plates :i* evid5tly ov]lap & op]ate z 9 mod]n animals4 ,! numb] v>ies1 z _m z #cj occurr+ )9 ! orbit ( "o bran*iosaur4 ,betwe5 ! m>g9 ( ! orbit & ! scl]otic plates !re (t5 occur1 9 ! ,bran*iosauria 7#ahf7 p>ticul>ly1 small scale-l p>ticles :i* 7 d\btless emb$d$ 9 ! heavy sk9 above ! orbit dur+ life4 7c7 ,! palate ( ! skull is v incompletely kn[n1 be+ indicat$ 9 a v few cases4 ,^! specim5s1 h[ev]1 %[ t ! *>act]s ( ! palate 7 q simil>1 if n id5tical1 9 ess5tial respects ) ! palate among ! ,european species ( ! same or slightly lat] "t4 ,a l>ge cultri=m p>asph5oid occupies ! po/]ior portion ( ! palate1 on ei!r side ( :i* 9 "s species lies ! po/]ior palat9e =am54 ,on ! sides ( ! ant]ior prolongation ( ! p>asph5oid lie ! vom]s 7#ahf71 membran\s bones (t5 be>+ m9ute tub]cul> tee?1 app>5tly adapt$ = cru%+4 ,! vom]s & ! maxill1 ) sometimes ! palat9e1 surr\nd ! ant]ior palat9e =am51 :i* is almo/ always pres5t2 sometimes1 h[ev]1 q small4 ,! transv]se or ectopt]ygoid unites ! pt]ygoid1 a broad plate ( ?9 bone1 ) ! maxilla & jugal4 7d7 ,! tee? ( ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia 7#aid7 are rem>kably simil> 9 ! v>i\s =ms4 ,!y are always sl5d]1 pleurodont d5ticles arrang$ 9 a s+le r[ on ! jaws or z tub]cul> eruptions on ! palate bones1 ) a l>ge pulp-cavity & ! enamel (t5 /riat$4 ,! food ( ! creatures mu/ h be5 small ,cru/acea1 worms1 insects1 & succul5t vegetation1 su* z is ! food ( ! mod]n ,amphibia4 7e7 ,! occiput is =m$ ( p>tially ossifi$ 7#dfe7 ex- & basi-occipitals1 ?\gh ^! elem5ts are nev] firmly unit$ by ossific union4 ,(t5 a pair ( condyles occur1 "o on ei!r exoccipital4 ,! occiput 0 usually1 h[ev]1 c>tilag9\s & no trace ( its /ructure is pres]v$4 7f7 ,! m&ible is usually z long z ! skull & is sl5d]4 ,x is compos$ ( #f elem5ts s f> z kn[n 7#dfe72 ^! are ! articul>1 ! surangul>1 ! angul>1 ! coronoid1 ! d5t>y1 & ! spl5ial4 ,o!r elem5ts may be pres5t1 b ! anatomy ( ?is portion ( ! animals is n v completely kn[n4 ,! bones are sculptur$ & cut by lat]al-l9e canals 7#deh7 9 a few =ms4 ,:e!r ! articul> op]at$ on an osse\s or c>tilag9\s quadrate is unkn[n1 ?\gh c]ta9 specim5s seem to indicate an osse\s condition = t elem5t4 ,! ant]ior symphysis 0 d\btless ligam5t\s1 ! halves always sep>at+ be=e fossilization4 ,! d5t>y always be>s a s+le r[ ( pleurodont tee?1 :i* may v>y greatly 9 size & numb]4 7g7 ,! hyoid app>atus is well pres]v$ 9 a few =ms 7#abc74 ,d\btless x 0 pres5t 9 all ( !m1 ?\gh x has seldom be5 pres]v$4 ,! condition ( ! hyobran*ial app>atus 9 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides 7text-fig4 #af7 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 seems to indicate t ! species 0 a p]5nibran*iate salam&] 7#abc74 ,x is well kn[n f ! /udies ( ,cr$n] t ! ,european ,bran*iosauria1 9 ! "y1 possess$ ext]nal bran*i 7#ahg7 support$ by lat]al basibran*ials4 ,! gill-ar*es seem to h be5 slightly calcifi$ or ossifi$ 9 a few cases1 & !y support$ d5ticle-l projections :i* bore ! gill-filam5ts4 ,:5 ! ,bran*iosauria _h atta9$ a l5g? ( #ajj mm4 or m !y lo/ _! gills 7#ahg74 ,?is *ange 0 accompani$ by ! r$uction ( ! tail1 expansion ( ! pelvis1 & increase 9 ossification ( ! skull & skeletal elem5ts4 ,gills h n yet be5 detect$ among ! ,am]ican ,bran*iosauria4 7h7 ,! eye 9 a few species _h a l>ge am\nt ( black pigm5t1 z indicat$ by ! black5+ ( ! /one 9 ! ,mazon ,creek nodules4 ,pr(essor ,cope 7#ajg7 ?\ght t ?is w\ld indicate a nocturnal & crepuscul> habit = ^! v]tebrates1 s9ce ! pigm5tum nigrum ( ! *oroid is l>gely develop$4 ,o!r ?an ?is sugge/ion no?+ is kn[n ( ! s(t p>ts ( ! head4 7i7 ,! alim5t>y canal 7text-fig4 #g7 is beautifully pres]v$ z a ca/ 9 ?ree specim5s ( ! ,am]ican bran*iosaur species ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie 7#dga7 f ! ,mazon ,creek b$s4 ,! nodules :i* conta9 ^! int]e/+ little fossils measure less ?an #c in*es 9 long diamet]4 ,! fossil salam&]s1 ab\t #cj mm4 9 l5g?1 are pres]v$ on _! backs & occur z ne>ly z is possible 9 ! c5t] ( ! nodule4 ,if x 7 n = ! fact t ! sophagus became loos5$ & dropp$ f its place %ortly aft] dea?1 ! alim5t>y canal w\ld be 9 place & w\ld imm$iately recall a fre%ly dissect$ specim5 ( a rec5t salam&]4 ,! ant]ior end ( ! sophagus lies obliquely across ! *e/ region ) its tip po9t+ slightly d[nw>d4 ,! l5g? ( ! sophagus prop]1 9 "o specim51 is only ab\t #c mm4 ,z x is pres]v$1 ! sophagus lies 9 a semi-sigmoid curve ) ! convexity ant]ior1 & ent]s ! c>diac portion ( ! /oma* by a gradual con/riction4 ,! /oma* is cle>ly pres]v$ z a di/9ct sac-l organ ) two lobes :i* correspond to ! c>diac & pyloric limbs4 ,x measures ab\t #g mm4 9 l5g? by #b mm4 9 its greate/ diamet]4 ,! muscul> con/riction :i* divides ! organ into pyloric & c>diac divisions occurs at a di/ance ( #d mm4 f ! upp] end4 ,! pylorus is designat$ by a r pron\nc$ con/riction :i* may be p>tly accid5tal1 al?\gh x recalls ! pylorus ( mod]n frogs4 ,f ?is con/riction1 :i* lies on ! left side ( ! fossil1 z x is pres]v$1 ! duod5al portion ( ! inte/9e makes a /raight c\rse po/]iorly to ne> ! anal region1 :]e x takes a %>p b5d & curves back to run p>allel ) itself = ! di/ance ( #d mm4 ,9 its upw>d c\rse ! inte/9e enl>ges1 & practically ! same enl>gem5t cont9ues ?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( ! c\rse to ! anus4 ,at a di/ance ( #a mm4 f ! anal end1 ! rectum dilates probably #j4abe mm4 to =m ! cloaca4 ,aft] ! inte/9e has cont9u$ its p>allel c\rse = ! #d mm41 z above /at$1 x turns abruptly to ! "r = a di/ance ( #b mm4 ,x !n runs po/]iorly = a %ort di/ance1 !n b5ds back & "u itself to aga9 make a d\ble sigmoid curve1 :5 at a di/ance ( #f mm4 f ! anus x assumes a /raight c\rse1 :i* x cont9ues to ! end4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,alim5t>y canal ( ,coal ,measures salam&] z illu/rat$ by ! small] specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales4 #c4 ,orig9al 9 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 a1 anus2 dd1 duod5um2 91 inte/9e2 l1 impression ( liv]7872 oes1 sophagus2 /1 /oma*4 ,! anus lies at a level :i* is approximately t ( ! l[] end ( ! femur1 :i* is pres]v$ z an impression on ! left side ( ! fossil1 ?us agree+ 9 its position ) t f\nd 9 mod]n ,caudata4 ,ly+ inside ! curve ( ! /oma* & p>tly inclos$ by ! sophagus is a smoo? area :i* may possibly repres5t ! impression ( "s ( ! accessory dige/ive gl&s1 su* z ! liv]4 ,occurr+ 9 ?is smoo? area are num]\s f9e l9es :i* possibly repres5t ! impressions ( blood-vessels2 b !y are s imp]fectly pres]v$ t "o c n be sure4 ,repres5tatives ( sev]al g5]a ( ! mod]n ,caudata h be5 dissect$ 9 ord] to make a direct comp>ison ( ! fossil alim5t>y canal ) t ( ! rec5t =ms4 ,! alim5t>y tract ( ,desmogna?us fuscus ,raf4 f ! vic9ity ( ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 resembles 9 a m>k$ degree t ( ! fossil =m4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ! condition !re repres5t$ is f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 an immature bran*iate individual1 "s #dg mm4 9 l5g?1 ( ,diemyctylits torosus ,es*41 f a fre%-wat] pond on ,orcas ,isl& 9 ,puget ,s\nd4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is species on ! isl& is v sugge/ive4 ,x is ( extreme int]e/1 too1 t ! condition repres5t$ 9 ! alim5t>y tract ( ! fossil bran*iosaurs %\ld resemble s closely t ( an immature r ?an a mature =m4 7j7 ,! v]tebral column is cle>ly & readily sep>able into c]vical1 dorsal1 sacral1 & caudal regions4 ,! neck is always %ort1 ) f #e to #aj v]tebr1 c]vical ribs (t5 pres5t4 ,! dorsal region is n long1 b v>ies f #bj to #cj 9 ! con/itu5t v]tebr4 ,!re is a s+le sacral v]tebra n always to be readily di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! dorsal & ant]ior caudal s]ies4 ,! tail may be v %ort or extremely long1 ) neural & hmal sp9es elongate & flatt5$ into an o>-l app5dage4 ,! di/al caudals are 9 "s species c>tilag9\s1 app>5tly always s 9 ! ,bran*iosauria4 7k7 ,! atlas & axis are unkn[n among ! ,am]ican specim5s1 b we are able to inf] f ! /ructure ( ! o!r v]tebr :at ?is mu/ h be52 & our inf]5ces are p>tly confirm$ by ! conditions exi/+ 9 ! ,european =ms 7#ahg74 ,! atlas1 app>5tly1 consi/$ ( a pair ( neuroc5tral plates :i* are p>tly ossifi$1 p>tly emb$d$ 9 c>tilage1 judg+ f ! edges ( ! plates :i* h be5 pres]v$4 ,! c5trum seems n to h be5 pres5t 9 ! atlas1 or if pres5t x 0 only v slightly develop$ & q free f ! neural pieces & l>gely emb$d$ 9 c>tilage4 ,a fairly accurate picture ( ! condition ( ! atlas & axis may be se5 on exam9+ a c[1 pig1 or *ick embryo 7#cgh7 9 ! e>ly /ages ( v]tebral developm5t1 :i* has be5 cle>$ by ! ,s*ultze me?od 7,am]4 ,j\rn4 ,anat41 ,,vii1 ,no4 #d1 #aijh74 7l7 ,! dorsal v]tebr1 z well z ^? ( ! o!r s]ies1 pres5t a primitive "* 7fig4 #h7 9 ! p]si/5ce ( ! noto*ord 7#edj74 ,among ! ,bran*iosauria ! noto*ord 0 n at all or b slightly con/rict$ intrav]tebrally1 b among ! ,microsauria x 0 con/rict$ s f> t ! noto*ordal remnants 9 ea* c5trum resemble an h\r-glass4 ,! /ructure ( ! v]tebr among ,am]ican =ms agrees fully ) t outl9$ by ,cr$n]1 ,frits*1 & o!rs = ! ,european species4 ,! details ( /ructure are s fully giv5 by ,zittel 7#fdb1 pp4 #cdf-cec7 & by ,s*w>z 7#edj1 #eda7 t x w n be necess>y to /ate m "h z to _! /ructure1 s9ce !re is no?+ new to add conc]n+ ! ,am]ican species4 ,! temnospondyl\s v]tebra ( ! same nature & type z exhibit$ by ! ,p]mian =ms has its repres5tatives 7#id1 #dgh7 9 ! ,coal ,measures4 ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie 7#dgh7 7plate #d1 figs4 #a1 #b7 & ,eryops sp4 7plate #ah1 fig4 #b7 indicate ! embolom]\s & ra*itom\s types ( v]tebral /ructure4 ,! occurr5ce ( ^! widely diff]5t types ( v]tebral /ructure indicates a long hi/ory = ! gr\p prior to ! ,coal ,measures4 ,?is hi/ory is fur!r indicat$ by footpr9ts 9 ! ,mississippian & ,devonian ( ?is cont95t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,v]tebr & ribs ( ,amphibia f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9als 9 ,geol4 ,in/4 ,b]l94 7,all aft] ,s*w>z47 ,a4 ,caudal v]tebra ( /ocephalus remex ,cope4 ,lat]al view4 #d4 ,b4 ,caudal v]tebra ( ,ptyonius v9*ellianus 787 ,cope4 ,lat]al view4 #f4 ,c4 ,dorsal v]tebra ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope4 ,lat]al view4 #i4 ,d4 ,noto*ordal cones & sp9al canal ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 #c4 ,e4 ,rib ( ,molgophis sp4 ,cope4 #a4ge4 ccapitulum2 ttub]culum4 ,f4 ,v]tebra ( ,molgophis sp4 ,cope1 f v5tral side4 #b4 ,g4 ,dorsal v]tebra ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope4 ,f above4 #h4 ,h4 ,dorsal v]tebra ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope1 f bel[4 #b4e4 ,i4 ,v]tebra ( ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope1 f above4 #e4e ,j4 ,rib ( /ocephalus remex ,cope1 f po/]ior dorsal region4 #e4 ,k4 ,dorsal v]tebra ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope1 f above4 #a4e ,l4 ,ant]ior dorsal v]tebra 7c]vical87 ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 ,lat]al view4 #a4e4 ,m4 ,v]tebra ( ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope1 f side4 #e4 7m7 ,! ribs 7fig4 #h7 are v div]se 9 /ructure & 9 _! mode ( articulation 7#eda7 ) ! v]tebral column4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ribs & v]tebr con/itute ! be/ means ( classification ( ^! animals s f> discov]$4 ,9 ! ,bran*iosauria ! ribs are always /raight1 heavy1 & %ort1 & articulate intrav]tebrally ^u a l>ge & /rong transv]se process4 ,!y occur ?r\gh\t ! v]tebral column4 ,!re is a s+le pair ( sacral ribs :i* are n to be cle>ly di/+ui%$ f ! pre-sacral & po/-sacral s]ies4 ,! c]vical & caudal ribs are %ort] ?an ! dorsal s]ies4 ,! bran*iosaurian rib is compos$ almo/ entirely ( p]i*ondral ossification4 ,x pres5ts ! same condition z does ! hum]us ( ! c[ embryo ( #b to #c in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! ribs ( ! bran*iosaurs are id5tical 9 e way ) ! ribs ( mod]n salam&]s & =m "o ( ! /rong argum5ts 9 favor ( ! relation%ip ( ! ,bran*iosauria to ! ,caudata4 ,among ! ,microsauria ! ribs are always long1 sl5d]1 curv$1 & int]c5tral4 ,!y may be ei!r s+le or d\ble head$1 b usually ! =m]4 ,!y resemble 9 _! *>act]s ! ribs ( "s ( ! e>ly reptiles & an attempt has be5 made to relate ! ,microsauria 7#dfi7 to ! primitive reptiles on ?is basis4 ,! ribs ( ! o!r gr\ps are /ill unkn[n4 ,inde$1 repres5tatives ( ! ,temnospondylia & ! ,/]eospondylia are v scanty 9 ! ,am]ican ,coal ,measures4 ,"o l>ge rib 7plate #bb1 fig4 #d7 may repres5t a labyr9?odont1 b no?+ is kn[n ( ! species to :i* ! rib belong$4 7n7 ,! pectoral girdle 7#ahg7 is a v simple & uni=m /ructure1 al?\gh ! details ( ! association ( ! elem5ts /ill rema9 to be det]m9$4 ,a s+le1 m$ian1 usually l>ge & elongate int]clavicle occupies ! v5tral l9e ( ! *e/4 ,?is is morphologically ! same elem5t :i* occurs 9 ! middle l9e ( ! *e/ ( ! liz>ds4 ,x is a d]mal bone & is usually1 especially among ! ,microsauria 7#dfb71 highly sculptur$4 ,x v>ies consid]ably 9 size & %ape1 b is rem>kably uni=m ?r\gh\t ! v>i\s gr\ps4 ,ly+ ant]ior to ! int]clavicle & ov]lapp+ its ant]o-lat]al m>g9s lie ! two clavicles1 :i* are usually diamond-%ap$ & are sculptur$1 d]mal bones4 ,! position ( ! coracoid is /ill unc]ta91 & 9 fact its cle> association 9 ! pectoral girdle ( ^! species is /ill a "q4 ,x seems to be con/ant 9 ! ,european 7#ahf1 #bea7 species & is usually repres5t$ by a small r\nd$ plate ( bone1 :i* 9 life no d\bt _h a l>ge am\nt ( c>tilage to =m its bord]s4 ,a clei?rum 7#bhe7 has be5 ascrib$ to "o ( ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 species 7plate #ae1 fig4 #c7 by ,jaekel 7#cdg71 b ?is ne$s confirmation4 ,an osse\s scapula is usually pres5t1 resembl+ ! scapula ( mod]n salam&]s1 9 t x 0 l>gely emb$d$ 9 c>tilage4 ,! position ( ! pectoral girdle is l>gely a matt] ( d\bt1 especially = ! ,am]ican species4 ,aft] dea? & be=e fossilization ! girdle 0 always mov$ by po/-mortem %ift+1 s t its exact relation to ! ribs & v]tebral column is /ill 9 d\bt4 ,cr$n] 7#ahf7 has re/or$ ! pectoral girdle close beh9d ! head1 :i* w\ld cause an am\nt ( rigidity 9 ! body :i* probably did n exi/4 7o7 ,! arm consi/s ( ! hum]us1 radius1 ulna1 & #d digits4 ,! *>act]s ( ! arm-bones are su* z is con/ant among primitive animals & develop+ mammals4 ,! osse\s portion is p]i*ondral4 ,epiphyses are totally lack+ & x is d\btful if ! endo*ondrium 0 at all ossifi$4 ,! digits are (t5 t]m9at$ by ungual phalanges1 al?\gh usually ! t]m9al phalanx 0 m]ely emb$d$ 9 ! web ( ! foot2 & among ! t]re/rial =ms a claw 0 well develop$4 ,an osse\s c>pus is n kn[n 9 ! species f ! ,coal ,measures4 ,its impression indicates a broad h&1 well adapt$ = swimm+4 7p7 ,! pelvic girdle consi/s uni=mly 7#dfb7 ( ! ilium & is*ium4 ,a small r\nd$ pubis is pres5t 9 "s ( ! lat] =ms ( ,amphibia2 x is1 h[ev]1 totally abs5t f ! ,coal ,measures species4 ,! condition ( ! pelvis is p>allel$ by ! p>tially gr[n pelvis ( mammalian embryos 9 :i* ! elem5ts ossify 9 ! ord] ( ilium1 is*ium1 & pubis4 ,! ilium is always ! l>g] ( ! elem5ts4 ,x support$ or 0 atta*$ to ! sacral rib by means ( a ligam5t\s union4 ,! is*ium did n ossify completely until ! animal 0 ne>ly mature4 ,! union betwe5 ! elem5ts ( ! pelvis 0 probably ( a loose1 membran\s sort or else ! :ole mass 0 emb$d$ 9 c>tilage2 ( ! two hypo!ses ! =m] is ! m probable4 ,! pubis is indicat$ z a calcifi$ quadrangul> plate 9 a specim5 ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope 7#dgh7 f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales1 & x is pres5t z a r\nd$ osse\s elem5t among "s ( ! ,p]mian =ms4 7q7 ,! leg 7fig4 #ba1 ,b7 is compos$ ( ! femur1 tibia1 fibula1 & #e digits4 ,! t>sus is usually c>tilag9\s1 a s+le osse\s t>sus 7#dhc1 #dhd7 be+ kn[n 7plate #bc1 fig4 #a7 f ,am]ica4 ,! di/al phalanges may or may n be claw$1 dep5d+ on ! habits ( life ( ! animal4 ,! elem5ts ( ! leg are ossifi$ 9 a simil> mann] to ^? ( ! arm4 7r7 ,! v5tral scutellation 7fig4 #i71 s commonly pres5t among all gr\ps ( ,amphibia 9 ! ,coal ,measures1 consi/s ( a s]ies ( ossifications or calcifications 9 ! myocommata4 ,among mod]n amphibians !y occur z ?9 p]p5dicul> planes ( connective-tissue :i* are sometimes c>tilag9\s1 especially 9 ,necturus1 reg>d$ by ,wild] 7,memoirs ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #i1 p4 #djj1 fig4 #f1 #aijc7 & by ,wi$]%eim 7#fje1 p4 #eh7 z a homologue or pr$ecessor ( ! /]num1 al?\gh ,wi$]%eim says3 ,! /]num appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ,amphibians 9 ! =m ( a small v>i\sly %ap$ plate ( c>tilage situat$ 9 ! middle l9e ( ! *e/4 ,x arises z a pair$ c>tilag9\s plate 9 ! inscriptiones t5d9e ( ! rectus abdom9is muscle1 & !re=e may be look$ ^u z correspond+ to a pair ( 'abdom9al ribs4' ,su* c>tilag9\s abdom9al ribs mu/ h be5 pres5t 9 great] numb]s 9 ! ance/ors ( exi/+ ,urodeles4 ,?is supposition is fully su/a9$ by ! anatomy ( ! ,bran*iosauria 7#dei71 :i* mu/ be look$ ^u z ! actual ance/ors ( ! ,caudata4 ,wild] says ( ^! /ructures 9 ,necturus 7op4 cit41 p4 #djj73 ,! sev]al c>tilag9\s rudim5ts :i* repres5t ?is "p 7i4e41 /]num7 9 ,necturus are some:at difficult ( detection & ?us entirely escap$ ! att5tion ( ! e>li] inve/igators4 ,!y consi/ ( a numb] ( ?9 c>tilages f\nd 9 sev]al successive myocommata ( ! pectoral region & conf9$ ma9ly to ! area cov]$ by ! ov]lapp+ epicoracoids4 ,! homologue ( ! v5tral scutell is f\nd 9 plesiosaurs1 crocodiles1 ,sph5odon1 & o!r reptiles 9 ! abdom9al ribs1 & ! same myocommat\s ossifications und\bt$ly g to ! =mation ( ! *elonian pla/ron4 ,:at ! causes 7 :i* produc$ ! developm5t ( ! v5tral scutell to su* a high degree among ! primitive l& v]tebrates is unc]ta91 b !y are c]ta9ly m highly develop$ among ! primitive reptiles & amphibians ?an among ! lat] memb]s ( ^? classes4 ,among ! ,amphibia ( ! ,coal ,measures !y atta9$1 9 "s =ms1 a high degree ( developm5t & diff]5tiation4 ,!y are pres5t 9 all families s f> kn[n1 except ! ,tuditanid1 9 :i* ! myocommata may h be5 c>tilag9\s4 ,! ,sauropleurid pres5t ! highe/ developm5t ( ^! /ructures among ! ,am]ican =ms1 9 :i* ! scutes are l>ge & osse\s4 ,among ! ,bran*iosauria !y are calcifi$ or p>tially ossifi$ & are always arrang$ en *evron on ! belly1 *e/1 arms1 & ?roat1 _! arrangem5t & direction ( ! *evron be+ modifi$ accord+ to ! myom]es ( ! v>i\s regions4 ,! v5tral scutell ( ! ,european ,bran*iosauria are figur$ & describ$ fully by ,cr$n] 7#aib1 p4 #ba1 figs4 #d to #aa74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,v5tral scutell ( ,micr]peton caudatum1 a ,coal ,measures salam&] f ,mazon ,creek4 #e4 f1 femur2 h1 hum]us2 ls1 l9es ( scutes2 v1 v]tebral column4 7s7 ,scales 7fig4 #aj & plate #bd1 figs4 #b & #c7 are pres5t on ! body ( 7#dfb1 #dhe7 sev]al species4 ,x is a matt] ( regret t _! pres]vation is s imp]fect t no?+ c be f\nd out z to _! /ructure4 ,! ,l9ton species1 :i* possess scales1 are1 ( c\rse1 c>boniz$ & h5ce impracticable = microscopic /udy1 & 9 ! ,mazon ,creek species ( ,amphibamus & ,micr]peton ! scales h be5 replac$ by kaol94 ,! bodies ( two species 7,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis & ,i*?y]peton squamosum7 ( ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures ,amphibia 7 completely scal$4 ,! scales 9 ! ,bran*iosauria 7#dfb71 s f> z !y h be5 obs]v$1 are slightly imbricat$2 r\nd$1 ) conc5tric m>k+s aft] ! mann] ( ! mod]n cypr9oid fi%-scale4 ,!y are extremely m9ute1 & :e!r or n !y cov]$ ! entire body ( ! animal is unkn[n4 ,on ! body ( ,c]c>iomorphus ! scales h ! appe>ance ( be+ tub]cul> )\t imbrication1 & !y app>5tly cov]$ ! entire bodily surface ( ! animal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,horny armor ( back ( ,hylonomus4 a1 imbricat$ scales2 b1 horny plates2 c1 horny sp9es or tub]cles2 d1 small imbricat$ scales4 7,aft] ,dawson1 bas$ on a photograph47 ,among ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia f ,nova ,scotia z describ$ by ,dawson & ,ow5 7#aic1 #bja1 #dhe7 scales are well develop$ & frequ5t1 al?\gh ! details z to _! occurr5ce on ! bodies ( ! animals are /ill unkn[n1 s9ce ! ,nova ,scotian species are all bas$ on v fragm5t>y rema9s4 ,dawson 7#bjh1 p4 #cd7 has giv5 a detail$ discussion ( ! discov]y & anatomy ( ! v>i\s types ( scales possess$ by ! species f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,suffice x to say "h t none ( ! scales appe> to be bony1 b h a cuticul> appe>ance ) conc5tric m>k+s4 ,"s ( !m are tub]cul>1 & ,dawson ?\ght t a few specim5s indicat$ t "s ( ! species possess$ scaly lappets & a dorsal nu*al fr+e ( scaly sk9 along ! back4 ,he has indicat$ ^! facts 9 8 re/orations ( ! =ms4 ,! scales 7 all c>boniz$ & burn$ readily ) a /rong flame4 ,a section ( ! scale %[s a ?ick upp] corium ) a vascul> body 7#bjh1 pl4 ,,iv1 fig4 #bi7 mu* l a fi%-scale4 ,fragm5ts ( ! sk9 7 also pres]v$ ) ! scales4 ,dawson says ( ! sk93 ,"o ( my specim5s is a flatt5$ portion ( cuticle two & a qu>t] in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! great] "p ( ! surface is smoo? & %9+ to ! nak$ eye1 & "u ! microscope %[s only a m9ute granulation4 ,a limit$ portion ( ! upp] &1 ,i suppose1 ant]ior "p is cov]$ ) imbricat$ scales1 :i* mu/ h be5 membran\s or horny1 & g5]ally h a small spot or pore ne> ! out] m>g91 "s hav+ 9 addition small] scales or po9ts on _! surfaces 7#bjh1 pl4 ,,iv1 figs4 #bb & #be74 7t7 ,muscle tissue 7fig4 #ba7 is pres]v$ 9 a s+le specim51 previ\sly describ$ by ! writ] 7#dfd1 p4 #ag1 pl4 #g1 fig4 #a74 ,! c>boniz$ muscles %[ a myom]ic arrangem5t & ! portions pres]v$ probably repres5t "o ( ! recti muscles ( ! abdom9al wall4 7u7 ,! lat]al-l9e sy/em 9 ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia w be be/ und]/ood f a comp>ative review ( ! occurr5ce ( ^! organs among all ext9ct ,amphibia4 ,s9ce all ! ord]s ( ,amphibia are repres5t$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures1 su* a review w n be out ( place "h4 ,! pres]vation ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em among anci5t ,amphibia is due to ! fact t ! skull ( _m =ms 7especially ! lat] & l>g]7 are groov$ & m>k$ by a regul> s]ies ( furr[s & pits1 9 :i* ! s5se-organs ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em 7 conta9$ 7see fig4 #f71 z well z by ! pres]vation ( a s]ies ( cle>ly m>k$ scales on ! sides ( ! tails & bodies ( o!rs4 ,! grooves are nev] ar*$ ov] z 9 ! ,macropetali*?yid1 :]e 9 favorable specim5s ea* is %[n to be cov]$ by a delicate ro( p]=at$ by two l9es ( m9ute op5+s 7,dean1 ,n4 ,y4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,mem41 vol4 ,,ii1 pl4 ,,iii1 p4 #aae74 ,!y are always widely op5$ canals1 ei!r ) p]fectly smoo? bottoms & sides or r\gh5$ ) l>ge pits1 or ev5 becom+ a s]ies ( well-m>k$ pits4 ,an attempt has be5 made 7#deh7 to homologize ! organs ) ^? ( fi%es4 ,! nom5clature adopt$ "h = ! canals does n dep>t f t us$ by ,allis = ,amia 7,j\rn4 ( ,morphology1 vol4 ,,ii1 #ahhi74 ,! supraorbital & infraorbital canals are readily correlat$ ) ^? ( ! same "n 9 fi%es1 :]e !y are v cle>ly m>k$4 ,! ant]ior commissure is also homolog\s ) t ( ! fi%es1 z is also ! canal "h call$ ! antorbital commissure4 ,! o!rs are n s readily homologiz$4 ,! upp] canal 7see fig4 #f7 9 ! po/]ior "p ( ! cranium is "h designat$ ! temporal canal4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle>ly a "p ( ! infraorbital ( ! fi%es4 ,its relations 9 ! ,/egocephala are su* t a new "n is deem$ necess>y4 ,! jugal canal is1 ,i believe1 a new =mation 9 ,amphibia4 ,! transv]se canal ( ! amphibian skull is homolog\s ) ! occipital cross-commissure4 ,! figure 7see fig4 #f7 is a composite picture ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em ( ! high] or truly /egocephal\s ,amphibia4 ,! outl9e ( ! skull is bas$ on t ( ,eryops4 ,all ( ! canals d n exi/ on any "o skull or 9 any "o ord]1 b all are f\nd some:]e 9 ! gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,a4 ,skull ( ,eos]peton t5uicorne ,cope1 %[+ arrangem5t ( cranial elem5ts4 #b4 fr1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 p(1 po/frontal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,b4 ,outl9e ( skull ( ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,engl&4 ,heavy brok5 l9es %[ ! di/ribution ( lat]al-l9e canals4 #a4 7,aft] ,&rews47 fr1 frontal2 p>1 p>ietal2 or1 orbit2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,! canals h be5 describ$ 9 all kn[n ord]s ( fossil ,amphibia & ! sy/em is f\nd likewise 9 all ! liv+ ord]s1 includ+ ! ,gymnophiona1 :i* h a /rong l9e ( lat]al s5se-organs 7,gad[74 ,9 ! ,bran*iosauria1 ! e>lie/ ( ! true ,amphibia 7,euamphibia7 & ance/ral to ! mod]n ,caudata1 ! lat]al-l9e sy/em is kn[n on ! tails ( two g5]a 7#dfb1 #dgh7 f ! ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 %ales--,micr]peton & ,eumicr]peton4 ,! sy/em z !re def9$ has be5 fully discuss$ 9 ! description ( ! anatomical details ( ! species1 to :i* ref]5ce may be made = fur!r data 7pp4 #eb-fj74 ,suffice x to say "h t ! sy/em ( s5se-organs !re pres]v$ is id5tical ) t ( ! l>val ,necturus2 ! l9es aris+ z a m$ian f ! tip ( ! tail & a dorsal spr++ f ! m$ian at a di/ance ( a few millimet]s f ! tip ( ! tail4 ,! l9es are m evid5t on acc\nt ( ! fact t ! lat]al-l9e s5se-organs 7 locat$ "u specializ$ pigm5t$ scales4 ,! significance ( ! close simil>ity betwe5 ! arrangem5t ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/ems on ! tail ( ,necturus1 ,micr]peton1 & ,eumicr]peton is d\btless ( g5etic 7#dei7 importance1 indicat+ ! orig9 ( ! caudate ,amphibia f ! ,bran*iosauria by a deg5]ative or recessive evolution 9 o!r /ructural *>act]s4 ,?is sy/em ( s5se-organs has be5 describ$ 9 no o!r bran*iosaurian4 ,! ,microsauria 7#deh7 are exce$+ly int]e/+ 9 possess+ a v peculi> type ( lat]al-l9e sy/em4 ,x is kn[n 9 a few =ms & 9 "o specim5 especially well 7,erpetosaurus tabulatus7 7fig4 #bb1 ,g74 ,9 ?is species1 :i* is repres5t$ by a s+le imp]fect skull1 !re are evid5ces ( a ne>ly complete lat]al-l9e sy/em ( canals & pits4 ,! occipital cross-commissure is repres5t$ on ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull by a r[ ( elongate pits su* z ,&rews describ$ = ,c]at]peton 7#h74 ,i fail to f9d 9 ,am]ican species ! pores describ$ by ,&rews4 ,! temporal canal =ms ) ! jugal canal a complete r+1 mu* z x is 9 ,trematosaurus1 only 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ! temporal canal does n t\* ! tabul>e4 ,i ?9k !re are indications ( a connection ( ! temporal canal ) ! supraorbital4 ,! temporal canal cuts ! supratemporal1 ! squamosal1 & jugal4 ,! jugal canal lies = ! mo/ "p on ! supratemporal & quadratojugal1 & jo9s ! infraorbital on ! jugal4 ,a portion only ( ! infraorbital canal is pres]v$4 ,!re is also a portion ( ! supraorbital canal4 ,x seems n to be connect$ ) ! temporal canal1 al?\gh !re is a possible indication ( ?is connection4 ,! supraorbital crosses ! frontal1 prefrontal1 & a "p ( ! nasal4 ,! squamosal elem5t is peculi> 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus 9 t x is exclud$ f ! p>ietal by ! ext5sion ( ! tabul>e & po/orbital4 ,?is condition is f\nd 9 sev]al o!r species ( ! ,microsauria4 ,x w be notic$ t ) ! *ang$ condition ( ! squamosal ! temporal canal has *ang$ also1 & ?is is fur!r pro( ( ! close connection betwe5 ! cranial elem5ts & ! lat]al-l9e canals1 z ,allis has ma9ta9$ = ,amia4 7,see 9 ?is connection ,c4 ,j4 ,h]rick1 ,j\rn4 ,comp4 ,neurol41 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bbd1 #aija47 ,! ,diplocaulia1 an amphibian ord] alli$ to ! ,bran*iosauria 7#dgg7 & ?r\gh !m to ! ,caudata1 h ! lat]al-l9e sy/em app>5tly well-develop$4 ,! skulls are always cru%$ flat1 s t ! canals are ne>ly oblit]at$4 ,on ! m&ible1 h[ev]1 ! canals are cle>ly di/9ct & app>5tly run ! entire c\rse ar\nd ! m&ibul> rami4 ,on a well-pres]v$ skull ( ,diplocaulus magnicornis ,cope !re are indications ( ?ree lat]al-l9e canals 7#dgg1 pl4 #a74 ,! infraorbital is cle>ly m>k$ z a well-def9$ groove j bel[ ! orbit4 ,! supraorbital is indicat$ only = a %ort di/ance1 & !re are indications ( ! temporal canal4 ,! op]culo-m&ibul> canal has its c\rse1 = ! mo/ "p1 ne> ! middle ( ! rami1 b z x approa*es ! po/]ior angle ( ! m&ible x sudd5ly *anges its c\rse & drops d[n to ! l[] edge1 only to rise aga9 & to come out /rongly m>k$ ne> ! m$ian plane on ! po/]ior angle ( ! m&ible4 ,! ,temnospondylia1 z repres5t$ by ,eryops1 ,cricotus1 & ,ar*egosaurus1 possess well-develop$ lat]al-l9e canals 7#deh74 ,h4 von ,mey] 7#dbh7 _m ye>s ago made out ! c\rse ( ! canals 9 ,ar*egosaurus4 ,! great] "p ( ! foll[+ description is bas$ on ,eryops megacephalus ,cope f ! ,texas ,p]mian4 ,! entire surface ( ! cranial elem5ts 9 ,eryops1 z 9 o!r ( ! ,/egocephala 7#deh71 is cov]$ ) co>se pits4 ,! foss are pres5t ev5 9 ! bottoms ( ! grooves :i* repres5t ! lat]al-l9e sy/em1 & are m m>k$ 9 ! memb]s ( ! ,temnospondylia ?an 9 ! ,/]eospondylia4 ,! occipital cross-commissure occurs 9 a well-develop$ =m 9 ,eryops4 ,x is %ort & ends abruptly )9 ! limits ( ! tabul>e4 ,its ends are occupi$ by l>ge pits4 ,! commissure1 z 9 ,amia1 grooves ! po/p>ietal & ! tabul>e elem5ts4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( an ant]ior commissure4 ,i ?9k !re is evid5ce ( a temporal canal on ! left side ( ! skull1 b am n sure4 ,! jugal & infraorbital canals are well develop$ & /rongly connect$4 ,! jugal canal />ts f> back on ! supratemporal1 & aft] curv+ ar\nd ov] ! quadratojugal jo9s ! infraorbital1 or r becomes a "p ( t canal1 some:]e on ! jugal4 ,!re is no?+ unusual 9 ! infraorbital4 ,! antorbital commissure is well develop$4 ,x is long] & bett] develop$ ?an 9 any o!r kn[n =m4 ,! supraorbital canal />ts 9 ! region ( ! orbit1 & aft] curv+ d[nw>ds to meet ! antorbital commissure1 ends abruptly ant]ior to ! no/ril4 ,!re are fa9t traces ( a lat]al-l9e canal1 ! op]culo-m&ibul>1 on a poorly pres]v$ m&ible ( ,eryops4 ,x does n diff] greatly f t describ$ bel[ = ,anas*isma4 ,al?\gh ,ar*egosaurus has be5 kn[n = m ?an a c5tury1 we h _h no adequate discussion ( ! mann] ( occurr5ce ( ! lat]al-l9e canals4 ,burmei/] 7#hj7 gave a figure ( ! canals z he ?\ght !y occurr$ on ! cranium1 b ,h4 von ,mey] 7#dbh7 /ates t ! repres5tation is inaccurate1 & !y seem to be bas$ l>gely on ,trematosaurus4 ,! lat]al-l9e canals occur 9 well-develop$ =m on ! skulls ( ! ,/]eospondylia4 ,! sutures betwe5 ! elem5ts ( ! skull are usually cle>ly m>k$ by smoo?1 n>r[ grooves4 ,! lat]al-l9e canals c always be di/+ui%$ f ! sutural grooves by ! %ape ( ! bottom1 be+ ,u-%ap$ 9 ! =m] & ,v-%ap$ 9 ! latt]4 ,! lat]al-l9e canals also at times h _! bottoms r\gh5$ by pits occurr+ 9 !m2 ! sutural grooves always h smoo? bottoms4 ,! lat]al-l9e canals are usually r %all[ & sometimes broad1 ) ! edges ( ! grooves m or less p]p5dicul>1 b 9 ,metoposaurus ! canals are deep & ! bord]s are %>ply incis$4 ,! temporal canals 9 ,anas*isma f ! ,triassic 7#di7 ( ,wyom+ are repres5t$ by brok5 furr[s4 ,! portions pres]v$ exhibit ! usual d[nw>d t5d5cy to unite ) ! infraorbital on ! po/orbital elem5t4 ,9 its c\rse =w>d f ! epiotic ! temporal canal cuts ! squamosal4 ,! supraorbital canal has an unusually deviat+ c\rse 9 ,anas*isma1 b aside f ! m9or twi/s & curves x does n diff] ess5tially f ! same canal 9 o!r =ms4 ,x ends abruptly on ! ant]ior end ( ! muzzle4 ,9 its c\rse x gives (f ! ve/ige ( an antorbital commissure :i* t5ds to jo9 a ve/ige f ! infraorbital canal4 ,! jugal canal beg9s broadly at ! v po/]ior edge ( ! skull z ?\gh x 7 cont9u$1 z x und\bt$ly 01 to ! body ( ! animal4 ,9 its c\rse =w>d x jo9s ! infraorbital canal on ! jugal4 ,! c\rse ( ! infraorbital is n unusual 9 any respect4 ,!re is no ant]ior commissure on ! skull1 nor is ! occipital cross-commissure develop$ on ei!r skull ( ! g5us at h&4 ,!re are di/9ct evid5ces ( an op]culo-m&ibul> lat]al-l9e canal on ! m&ibles4 ,! canal ent]s ! m&ible on ! surangul> & passes =w>d ar\nd ! m&ible z describ$ = ,diplocaulus 7#dgg74 ,o!r memb]s ( ! ,/]eospondylia1 su* z ,ma/odonsaurus1 ,metoposaurus1 & ,trematosaurus possess well-develop$ lat]al-l9e canals1 b ! above description fits1 9 a g5]al way1 ! condition 9 all g5]a2 & = our pres5t purposes t w suffice4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,amphibia ,,( ,,! ,,devonian ,,& ,,mississippian ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,evid5ces ( ! e>lie/ l& v]tebrates are exce$+ly scanty 9 ! /rata betwe5 ! close ( ! ,silurian & ! op5+ ( ! ,coal ,measures1 be+ repres5t$ solely by footpr9ts4 ,9 ! ,devonian our k ( ! gr\p is conf9$ to a s+le footpr9t1 & 9 ! ,mississippian to s]ies ( footpr9ts f sev]al localities4 ,^! h be5 describ$ by ,lea 7#cga71 ,rog]s 7,geology ( ,p5nsylvania1 pt4 ,,ii1 #ahef1 p4 #hca71 ,b>rell 7#ba71 ,dawson 7#bbc71 & ,branson 7#ej74 ,! la/-nam$ au?or has describ$ a new species f ! ,mississippian ( ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,8 description ( ! footpr9ts1 ) a photograph ( "o ( ! s]ies1 are publi%$ h]e) 7plate #ah1 fig4 #c74 ,branson 7#ej7 has giv5 a rsum ( ! k ( ,mississippian ,amphibia 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,?9opus antiquus ,m>%1 #ahif4 ,m>%1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci5ce1 ,,ii1 p4 #cgd1 ,nov4 #ahif1 ) figure4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ghd1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon3 ,ne> top ( ,*emung1 9 ! upp] ,devonian4 ,! specim5 %[s "o v]tebrate footpr9t 9 fair pres]vation1 & ) x "p ( ano!r ( ! same s]ies4 ,^! impressions are ( mu* int]e/1 bo? on acc\nt ( _! geological age & ! size & "* ( ! footpr9ts !mselves4 ,! "o be/ pres]v$ fig4 #ab is ne>ly #d in*es 9 l5g?1 #b4be in*es 9 wid?1 & 0 app>5tly made by ! left h9d foot4 ,on ! inn] side 9 front ( ! heel1 a portion ( ! m>g9 is split (f1 & ?is may h conta9$ ! impr9t ( ano!r toe4 ,! o!r footpr9t 0 a %ort di/ance 9 front1 b only ! po/]ior portion is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! pres5t specim54 ,x is probably ! impr9t ( ! =efoot4 ,! specim5 plate #ah1 fig4 #d 444 0 444 f\nd 9 ! t[n ( ,pleasant1 "o mile s\? ( ! ,allegh5y ,riv]1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 by ,dr ,*>les ,e4 ,bee*]1 :o pres5t$ x to ,yale ,museum1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,! geological horizon is ne> ! top ( ! ,*emung 9 ! upp] ,devonian4 ,9 ! same b$s are ripple m>ks1 mud cracks1 & impressions ( ra9 drops1 indicat+ %all[ wat] & %ore deposits4 ,l& plants are f\nd 9 ! same g5]al horizon4 ,m>9e molluscs also occur1 & "o *>act]i/ic =m 7,nuculana7 is pres]v$ 9 ! footpr9t slab 7,m>%74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,copy ( ,m>%'s draw+ ( footpr9t ( ,?9opus antiquus1 f ! ,devonian ( ,p5nsylvania4 #a_/c4 ,?is /ill rema9s aft] ne>ly #bj ye>s ! only evid5ce ( air-brea?+ v]tebrates 9 ! ,devonian ( ! _w4 ,dromopus aduncus ,branson4 ,branson1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xviii1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #cef-ceh1 fig4 #a1 #aiaj4 ,type & o!r specim5s 9 ,ob]l9 ,college ,museum4 ,horizon & type locality3 ,ne> ! bottom ( ! ,h9ton =mation 9 ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 7,plate #ah1 fig4 #c47 ,! foll[+ description ( ! %ales & footpr9ts are f ,dr4 ,branson's pap] cit$ above3 ,! ,h9ton %ales1 l ! ,mau* ,*unk1 seem to h be5 suba]ial 9 orig9 & are made up = ! mo/ "p ( v>iegat$ %ales int]b$d$ ) ?9 lay]s ( argillace\s1 f9e-gra9$ s&/one4 ,! footpr9ts occur 9 f9e-gra9$ s&/one1 & rema9s ( l& plants are n uncommon 9 ! same b$s4 ,tw5ty-two footpr9ts made by "o animal walk+ 9 a /raight c\rse 7 collect$ 9 a slab4 ,!y give ! impression ( hav+ be5 made by a bip$al animal = "p ( ! di/ance1 b aft] ! f\r? pr9t ( ! "r foot impressions ( ! =efeet appe>4 ,! h9dfeet _h #e digits1 ! middle digit be+ longe/ & ! #b inside ( x be+ only slightly %ort] & ly+ close toge!r4 ,_! out] ends 7 sl5d] & flexible & usually curv$ inw>d t[>d ! middle toe4 ,! #b out] digits =m$ wide angles ) ! middle "o & 7 %ort] ?an ! inn] ones4 ,! second toe 0 webb$ to )9 #h mm4 ( ! tip1 ! ?ird toe to )9 #bc mm4 ( ! tip4 ,! impression ( ! web is well pres]v$ 9 only "o impression ( ! h9dfoot4 ,! =efeet _h #d digits4 ,! #c inn] digits 7 subequal 9 l5g?1 ! #b inn] be+ m flexible & incurv$ ne> ! ends4 ,! out] digit is two-?irds z long z ! second4 ,! webb+ ext5ds ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! digits4 ,! heel impression is broad] ?an t ( ! h9dfoot4 ,measurem5ts ( ,dromopus aduncus ,branson4 ,tip ( toe to tip ( toe 9 fir/ pr9ts #ba cm4 ,aft] appe>ance ( =efeet ! impressions are ! foll[+ di/ances ap>t3 #afe mm41 #dj mm41 #he mm41 #gj mm41 #hj mm41 #dj mm41 #aej mm41 !n back to #bj & #ba cm4 mm4 ,l5g? ( h9dfeet #fj ,wid? ( h9dfeet #bj to #be ,l5g? ( =efeet #de ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,amphibia1 ,,) ,,especial ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,species ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures4 ,x has be5 necess>y1 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t /udy1 to review ?or\ghly ! classifications :i* h be5 propos$ = ! gr\p4 ,a classification ( "s sort is necess>y = ! prop] gr\p+ ( ! species :i* h be5 recov]$ f ! ,coal ,measures deposits ( ?is cont95t1 & my reason = publi%+ ?is relatively dry mat]ial is t ! classifications =m]ly propos$ 7#dfi71 z well z ! "o "h giv51 may h a prop] hi/orical backgr\nd4 ,! review ( ! propos$ sy/ems ( classification has be5 mu* facilitat$ by ! discov]y1 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ( "s notes by ! late ,dr4 ,george ,baur on ! ,/egocephali4 ,! notes 7 n discov]$ until aft] ! lit]ature _h be5 pretty ?or\ghly cov]$1 & x 0 a s\rce ( "s gratification1 on comp>+ notes ) ^? ( ,dr4 ,baur1 to f9d b few omissions4 ,:e!r ,dr4 ,baur _h ev] contemplat$ a "w on ! ,/egocephala or n ,i h be5 unable to le>n1 b x is c]ta9 t he c>efully & labori\sly w5t ?r\gh ! lit]ature on ! subject & copi$ by h& ! classifications ( ea* au?or f #ahdb to #ahie1 toge!r ) o!r notes ( int]e/ on ! /ructure1 di/ribution1 & phylog5y1 includ+ _m trac+s4 ,! classifications giv5 bel[ are tak51 9 "p1 f 8 notes1 al?\gh all ref]5ces h be5 v]ifi$ ) ! orig9al s\rces4 ,! fir/ attempt to comb9e 9 classification ! k ( ! ext9ct & rec5t amphibians 0 made by ,johannes ,jacob von ,ts*udi 9 #ahci 7#egd74 ,previ\s to t "t ,goldfuss 7#bie7 & von ,mey] 7#dah7 _h describ$ v>i\s species ( salam&]s & frogs f ! ,t]ti>y deposits ( ,switz]l&1 & ^! ,ts*udi consid]$ 9 8 foll[+ classification3 ,a4 ,ran4 a4 ,hyl4 b4 ,cy/igna?i4 c4 ,ran4 d4 ,c]atophrydes4 e4 ,bomb9atores4 f4 ,bufones4 g4 ,pip4 ,b4 ,ccili4 a4 ,ccili4 ,c4 ,salam&r94 a4 ,pleurodeles4 b4 ,salam&r4 c4 ,tritones4 d4 ,tritonides4 ,d4 ,protoide4 ,al?\gh ! rema9s ( ,ma/odonsaurus _h be5 kn[n & widely comm5t$ on = sev]al ye>s be=e ,ts*udi propos$ ?is s*eme1 he does n include ?is g5us 9 8 classification ( ! ,amphibia1 = ! reason t = ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury aft] ! discov]y ( ! labyr9?odonts !y 7 reg>d$ z reptiles1 ev5 s em95t an au?ority z von ,mey] 7#dbc7 includ+ !m 9 8 ,sy/em d] fossil5 ,sauri]4 ,! view t ! labyr9?odonts 7 reptiles 0 at times disput$1 b no "o seem$ to pay any att5tion to ! argum5t ( ,qu5/$t 9 #ahej t ,die ,ma/odonsauri] im grn5 ,keup]s&/e9 ,wrtemburgs s9d ,batra*i] 7#ebg71 nor to ! cont5tion ( ,vogt 7#eha7 9 #ahed t ,ar*egosaurus und alle ,labyr9?odont5 s9d ,amphibi51 ni*t ,reptili54 ,9 #ahdb von ,mey] 7#dbj7 propos$ to include all ! e>ly =ms alli$ to ! ,ma/odonsaurus 9 ! ,labyr9?odontes4 ,8 def9ition ( ! gr\p foll[s3 ,labyr9?odontes3 ,sauri] d]5 ,zahn-,/ruktur j5] hnli* i/1 wel*e 9 d5 na* prismatis*] ,art gebaut5 ,suge?i]-,zhn5 wahrg5omm5 wird1 u4s4w4 ,i4 ,ma/odonsaurus ,jaeg]4 7,salam&roides ,jaeg]1 ,batra*osaurus ,fitz+]1 ,labyr9?odon ,ow547 ,m4 ,jaeg]i ,mey]4 ,,ii4 ,capitosaurus ,mn/]4 ,c4 ar5aceus ,mn/4 ,c4 robu/us ,mey]4 ,,iii4 ,metopias ,mey]4 ,m4 diagno/icus ,mey]4 ,?ree ye>s lat] von ,mey] 7#dbc7 propos$ 8 ,sy/em d] fossil5 ,sauri]1 :]e ! ext9ct ,amphibia are treat$ z foll[s3 ,labyr9?odontes4 #a4 ,pro/hop?almi 7,aug5-hhl5 9 d] vord]n ,hlfte d] ,s*del-,lnge7 ,metopias ,mey] ,keup]4 #b4 ,mesop?almi 7,aug5-hhl5 9 d] mitte d] ,s*del7 ,ma/odonsaurus ,jaeg] ,keup]1 ,mus*elkalk4 #c4 ,opi/hop?almi 7,aug5-hhl5 9 d] h9t]n ,hlfte d] ,s*del-,lnge7 ,capitosaurus ,mn/] ,keup]4 #d4 ,labyr9?odont5 ungewiss] ,/ellung4 ,labyr9?odon ,ow5 ,keup]4 ,xe/orrhytias ,mey] ,mus*elkalk4 ,odontosaurus ,mey] ,bunt] ,s&/e94 ,trematosaurus ,braun ,bunt] ,s&/e94 ,no o!r classification 0 propos$ = ! ext9ct ,amphibia = #ae ye>s1 :5 ,ow5 7#eab7 9 #ahei propos$ ! new ord] ,ganocephala & reta9$ von ,mey]'s ,labyr9?odontes "u ,labyr9?odontia4 ,ow5's classification is z foll[s3 ,class--,reptilia4 ,ord] ,i4 ,ganocephala4 ,g5]a3 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,d5dr]peton1 ,raniceps4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,g5]a3 ,ma/odonsaurus1 ,anisopus1 ,trematosaurus1 ,metopias1 ,capitosaurus1 ,zygosaurus1 ,xe/orrhytias4 ,9 8 ,paleontology publi%$ 9 #ahfa1 ,ow5 gives ! same classification1 b adds new g5]a4 ,huxley 9 #ahfc 7#ccb7 did n accept ,ow5's ,ganocephala1 b in/ead propos$ ! foll[+3 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,a4 ,ar*egosauria4 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,pholidoga/]4 ,b4 ,ma/odonsauria4 ,ma/odonsaurus1 ,labyr9?odon1 ,capitosaurus1 ,trematosaurus4 ,9 ! same ye> ,dawson propos$ 7#bjh7 ! t]m ,microsauria to include ! g5]a ,hylonomus1 ,d5dr]peton1 & ,hyl]peton1 all kn[n f ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,two ye>s lat] ,cope propos$ ! new ord] ,x5orha*ia 7#aje7 = ! reception ( ! =m ,amphibamus gr&iceps f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ill9ois4 ,he gave z ! *>act]s ( ?is ord] c>tilag9\s v]tebr & ! abs5ce ( ribs4 ,9 #ahff ,ow5 propos$ 7#eaf7 ! mo/ elaborate & compreh5sive s*eme ( classification :i* _h ?us f> be5 (f]$4 ,8 classification is z foll[s3 ,subclass ,dipnoa4 ,ord] ,ganocephala 7ext9ct74 ,g5]a3 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,d5dr]peton1 etc4 ,ord] ,labyr9?odontia4 ,g5]a3 ,labyr9?odon1 ,rhombopholis1 etc4 ,ord] ,batra*ia4 ,subord] ,ophiomorpha4 ,family3 ,ccilid4 ,subord] ,i*?yomorpha4 ,family3 ,proteid1 ,salam&rid4 ,subord] ,!riomorpha 7,anura74 ,family #a4 ,aglossa4 ,family #b4 ,ranid4 ,family #c4 ,hylid4 ,family #d4 ,bufonid4 ,haeckel ! same ye> propos$ 7#cab7 an entirely diff]5t s*eme ( classification nd 9 "s respects m acceptable ?an ,ow5's4 ,haeckel's classification is z foll[s3 ,class ,amphibia4 ,subclass ,i4 ,phractamphibia4 ,ordnung i4 ,ganocephala4 ,g5]a3 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,d5dr]peton1 ,raniceps4 ,ordnung #b4 ,labyr9?odonta4 ,g5]a3 ,baphetes1 ,zygosaurus1 ,ma/odonsaurus1 ,trematosaurus1 ,capitosaurus4 ,ordnung #c4 ,p]omela4 ,subclass ,,ii4 ,lissamphibia4 ,ordnung i4 ,socobran*ia4 ,g5]a3 ,sir51 ,proteus1 ,m5obran*us1 etc4 ,ordnung #b4 ,sozura 7,caudata74 ,g5]a3 ,cryptobran*us1 ,triton1 ,salam&ra4 ,ordnung #c4 ,anura 7,ecaudata74 ,families3 ,aglossa1 ,bufonid1 ,ranid4 ,?is classification is fur!r elaborat$ 9 ! edition ( #ahie4 ,cope 9 #ahfh propos$ 7#aaj7 ! s*eme ( classification :i* 0 9 use = "s "t1 al?\gh x has s9ce suff]$ "s *ange4 ,8 classification foll[s3 ,batra*ia4 ,ord] #a4 ,tra*y/oma4 ,ord] #b4 ,proteida4 ,ord] #c4 ,urodela4 ,ord] #d4 ,gymnophiona4 ,ord] #e4 ,/egocephali4 ,subord] ,x5orha*ia4 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,subord] ,microsauria4 ,g5]a3 ,pelion ,wyman1 ,hylonomus ,dawson1 ,p>io/egus ,cope1 ,d5dr]peton ,ow51 ,hyl]peton ,ow51 ,bra*ydectes ,cope1 ,sauropleura ,cope1 /ocephalus ,cope1 ,molgophis ,cope4 ,subord] ,labyr9?odontia4 ,g5]a3 ,dictyocephalus ,leidy1 ,c5temodon ,lea1 ,baphetes ,ow51 ,eupelor ,cope4 ,huxley 9 #ahfi propos$ 7#cce7 ! foll[+ classification1 :i* does n diff] ess5tially f t propos$ 9 #ahfc3 ,amphibia4 ,ord] #a4 ,urodela4 ,ord] #b4 ,batra*ia4 ,ord] #c4 ,gymnophiona4 ,ord] #d4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,subord] ,ar*egosauria4 ,subord] ,ma/odonsauria4 ,! next classification ( ! ext9ct ,amphibia ( any importance 0 t devis$ by ! committee 7#dej7 = ! ,briti% ,association 9 #ahgd4 ,?is committee 0 =m$ ( ,huxley1 ,h>kness1 ,h5ry ,woodw>d1 ,?ompson1 & ,brigg1 ) ,miall z secret>y4 ,?is classification is1 h[ev]1 too cumb]some & has nev] come into g5]al use1 & inde$ none b ,engli% au?ors h paid x a great deal ( att5tion1 al?\gh ! contribution 0 a valuable "o4 ,! gr\p ,ai/opoda1 :i* 0 ! n9? gr\p propos$ by ! committee1 has g5]ally be5 accept$ z ! gr\p repres5t$ by ! snake-l =ms4 ,! committee's classification foll[s3 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,section ,i4 ,euglypta4 ,g5]a3 ,ma/odonsaurus1 ,jaeg]2 ,capitosaurus1 ,mn/42 ,pa*ygonia1 ,huxley2 ,trematosaurus1 ,braun2 ,gonioglyptus1 ,huxley2 ,metopias1 von ,mey]2 ,labyr9?odon1 ,ow52 ,diadetogna?us1 ,miall2 ,dasyceps1 ,huxley2 ,an?racosaurus1 ,huxley4 ,section ,,ii4 ,bra*yop9a4 ,g5]a3 ,bra*yops1 ,ow52 ,micropholis1 ,huxley2 ,rh9osaurus1 ,waldheim2 ,bo?riceps1 ,huxley4 ,section ,,iii4 ,*auliodonta4 ,g5]a3 ,loxomma1 ,huxley2 ,zygosaurus1 ,ei*42 ,melosaurus1 ,mey]4 ,section ,,iv4 ,ar?rodonta4 ,g5]a3 ,batra*id]peton1 ,hancock & ,at!y2 ,pt]oplax1 ,hancock & ,at!y4 ,section ,v4 ,an un*>act]iz$ gr\p4 ,g5]a3 ,pholidoga/]1 ,huxley2 ,i*?y]peton1 ,huxley2 ,pholid]peton1 ,huxley4 ,section ,,vi4 ,ar*egosauria1 von ,mey]4 ,g5]a3 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,goldfuss4 ,section ,,vii4 ,heleo?repta4 ,g5]a3 ,lept]peton1 ,huxley4 ,section ,,viii4 ,nectridea4 ,g5]a3 ,urocordylus1 ,huxley2 ,k]at]peton1 ,huxley4 ,section ,,ix4 ,ai/opoda4 ,g5]a3 ,ophid]peton1 ,huxley2 ,doli*osoma1 ,huxley4 ,section ,x4 ,microsauria1 ,dawson4 ,g5]a3 ,d5dr]peton1 ,ow52 ,hylonomus1 ,dawson2 ,hyl]peton1 ,ow54 ,! s*emes ( classification us$ = ! next #aj ye>s did n dep>t 9 any appreciable degree f ^? already giv54 ,9 #ahge ,cope1 9 8 ,*eck-li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,batra*ia & ,reptilia 7#abj71 ) a sy/ematic li/ ( ! high] gr\ps1 publi%$ ! foll[+ classification z be+ adopt$ provisionally by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution3 ,class ,batra*ia4 ,ord] ,anura4 7,anura1 ,dumril2 ,sali5tia1 ,m]rem1 ,gray47 ,rani=mia4 7,rani=mia1 ,cope1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,rev41 ,v1 #aad1 #ahfe47 ,families3 ,ranid1 ,colo/heid4 ,firmi/]nia4 7,bufonoid ,rani=mia1 ,cope1 ,j\r4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,philadelphia1 n4s41 ,,vi1 #aij1 #ahfg47 ,families3 ,d5drobatid1 ,phryniscid1 ,engy/omid1 ,breviceptid4 ,ga/re*mia4 7,ga/re*mia1 ,cope1 ,j\r4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,philadelphia1 n4s41 ,,vi1 #aih1 #ahfg47 ,family3 ,hemisid4 ,bufoni=mia4 7,bufoni=mia1 ,dumril et ,bibron1 p>tim2 ,cope1 p>tim47 ,families3 ,rh9ophrynid1 ,bufonid1 ,batra*ophrynid4 ,aglossa4 ,family3 ,pipid4 ,odontaglossa4 ,family3 ,dactyle?rid4 ,arcif]a4 7,arcif]a1 ,cope1 ,n4 ,h4 ,rev41 ,v1 #ajd1 #ahfe47 ,families3 ,cy/igna?id1 ,hemiphractid1 ,hylid1 ,scaphiopid1 ,pelodytid1 ,a/]ophrydid1 ,discoglossid4 ,ord] ,/egocephali4 7,/egocephali ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,philadelphia1 #ahfh1 #bji47 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,families3 ,baphetid ,cope1 ,an?racosaurid ,cope4 ,ganocephala4 ,family3 ,colo/eid ,cope4 ,microsauria4 ,families3 ,phlege?ontiid ,cope1 ,molgophid ,cope1 ,ptyoniid ,cope1 ,tuditanid ,cope1 ,peliontid ,cope4 ,ord] ,gymnophiona4 7,gymnophiona ,mll]47 ,family3 ,cciliid ,gray1 #ahej4 ,ord] ,urodela4 ,families3 ,pleurodelid ,gray1 #aheh2 ,salam&rid3 ,gray1 #aheh2 ,hynobiid ,cope1 #ahff2 ,desmogna?id ,cope1 #ahff2 ,?oriid ,cope1 #ahfi2 ,ple?odontid ,cope1 #ahff2 ,ambly/omid ,cope1 #ahff2 ,m5opomid 7,protonopsid ,gray1 #ahej71 ,amphiumid ,cope1 #ahff2 ,cocyt9id ,cope4 ,ord] ,proteida4 ,family3 ,proteid ,gray1 #ahej4 ,ord] ,tra*y/omata4 ,family3 ,sir5id ,gray1 #ahej4 ,9 #ahhe ,cope propos$ #b new ord]s1 :i* he arranges ) ! o!r ord]s already kn[n1 z foll[s3 ,ord] ,i4 ,ra*itomi4 ,ord] ,v4 ,urodela4 ,batra*ia4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,embolom]i4 ,ord] ,,vi4 ,tra*y/omata4 ,ord] ,,iii4 ,/egocephali4 ,ord] ,,vii4 ,anura4 ,ord] ,,iv4 ,proteida4 ,! new ord] ,ra*itomi 0 to include =ms l ,eryops & ! new ord] ,embolom]i 0 to include =ms l ,cricotus2 ! o!r ord]s 7 z !y _h be5 giv5 be=e4 ,zittel 9 #ahhh propos$ 7#fdb7 ! next classification ( any note 9 8 ,h&bu* d] ,paleontologie1 :]e x /&s z foll[s3 ,classe ,amphibia4 ,ordnung #a4 ,/egocephali4 ,unt]ordnung #a4 ,lepospondyli4 ,familie #a4 ,bran*iosaurid ,frits*4 #b4 ,microsauria ,dawson4 #c4 ,ai/opoda ,miall4 ,unt]ordnung #b4 ,temnospondyli4 ,g5]a3 ,ar*egosaurus1 ,eryops1 etc4 ,unt]ordnung #c4 ,/]eospondyli4 ,familie #a4 ,ga/rolepidoti4 #b4 ,labyr9?odonta4 ,ordnung #b4 ,ccili4 ,ordnung #c4 ,urodela4 ,unt]ordnung #a4 ,i*?yoidea4 ,familie #a4 ,phan]obran*ia4 #b4 ,cryptobran*ia4 ,unt]ordnung #b4 ,salam&r9a4 ,ordnung #d4 ,anura4 ,unt]ordnung #a4 ,phan]oglossa4 ,familie #a4 ,ranid4 #b4 ,bufonid4 #c4 ,cy/igna?id ,cope4 #d4 ,pelobatid ,b\l4 #e4 ,discoglossid ,cope4 #f4 ,palobatra*id ,cope4 ,lydekk] 7#cic7 9 ! next ye> propos$ a sy/em ( classification :i* did n dep>t widely f t propos$ 7#dej7 by ! committee ( ! ,briti% ,association = #ahgd4 ,lydekk]'s classification is z foll[s3 ,class ,amphibia4 ,ord] ,i4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,subord] #a4 ,bran*iosauria4 ,family ,protritonid4 ,apateonid4 ,subord] #b4 ,ai/opoda4 ,family ,doli*osomatid4 ,subord] #c4 ,microsauria4 ,family ,urocordylid4 ,limn]petid4 ,hyloplesionid4 ,microbra*id4 ,subord] #d4 ,labyr9?odontia v]a4 ,family ,ar*egosaurid4 ,diplospondylid4 ,nyraniid4 ,d5dr]petid4 ,an?racosaurid4 ,ma/odonsaurid4 ,unc]ta9 family1 ,eosaurus4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,apoda4 ,ord] ,,iii4 ,caudata4 ,family ,hylobatra*id4 ,sir5id4 ,proteid4 ,amphiumid4 ,salam&rid4 ,ord] ,,iv4 ,ecaudata4 ,family ,discoglossid4 ,pelobatid4 ,palobatra*id4 ,cy/igna?id4 ,ranid4 ,9 #ahij ,ded]le9 propos$ a s*eme ( classification :i* is notable on acc\nt ( ! peculi> relations :i* x expresses betwe5 ! gr\ps relations :i*1 9 reality1 d n exi/4 ,8 classification is z foll[s3 ,class ,amphibia4 ,ordnung ,i4 ,/egocephali4 ,a4 ,microsauria4 ,unt]ordnung #a4 ,bran*iosauri4 ,g5]a3 ,bran*iosaurus1 ,dawsonia1 ,melan]peton1 ,pelosaurus4 ,unt]ordnung #b4 ,sauromorphi4 ,familie #a4 ,hylonomid4 #b4 ,nectrid4 #c4 ,ai/opodid4 ,b4 ,ganocephala4 ,unt]ordnung #a4 ,rha*itomi4 #b4 ,embolom]i4 #c4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,ordnung ,,ii4 ,urodela4 ,ordnung ,,iii4 ,gymnophiona4 ,ordnung ,,iv4 ,anura4 ,9 #ahij ,lydekk] us$ ! same classification1 ) m9or *anges1 :i* he _h us$ 9 8 ,paleontology4 ,cr$n]1 :o wrote at ab\t ! same "t 7#aic71 foll[$ ,zittel's classification4 ,zittel 9 #ahie m]ely repeat$ 8 =m] classification4 ,9 #ahih appe>$ ,smi? ,woodw>d's ,paleontology1 :]e ! foll[+ s*eme is adopt$3 ,class ,batra*ia4 ,ord] ,i4 ,/egocephalia4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,gymnophiona4 ,subord] #a4 ,bran*iosauria4 ,ord] ,,iii4 ,caudata4 #b4 ,ai/opoda4 ,ord] ,,iv4 ,ecaudata4 #c4 ,microsauria4 #d4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,hay's ,catalogue ( ,fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,nor? ,am]ica conta9s ! next s*eme = ! classification ( ! ,amphibia :i* pays especial att5tion to ! ext9ct =ms4 ,8 classification is z foll[s3 ,class ,batra*ia ,mac>tney1 #ahjb4 ,ord] ,/egocephali ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,subord] ,microsauria ,dawson1 #ahfc4 ,family ,protritonid ,lydekk]1 #ahhi4 ,g5]a3 ,amphibamus ,cope1 ,pelion ,wym4 ,family ,molgophid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,g5]a3 ,phlege?ontia ,cope1 ,molgophis ,cope4 ,family ,hylonomid ,frits*1 #ahhc4 ,g5]a3 ,hylonomus ,dawson1 ,smil]peton ,dawson1 ,hyl]peton ,ow51 ,frits*ia ,dawson2 ,bra*ydectes ,cope4 ,family ,ptyoniid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,g5]a3 ,k]at]peton ,huxley1 /ocephalus ,cope1 ,ptyonius ,cope1 ,ct5]peton ,cope4 ,family ,tuditanid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,g5]a3 ,tuditanus ,cope1 ,cocyt9us ,cope4 ,family ,diplocaulid ,cope1 #ahha4 ,g5us3 ,diplocaulus ,cope4 ,lepospondyl\s ,g5]a ( unc]ta9 position3 ,amblyodon ,dawson1 ,hyphasma ,cope1 ,eury?orax ,cope1 ,?yrsidium ,cope1 ,pleuroptyx ,cope1 ,c]c>iomorphus ,cope4 ,subord] ,apcospondyli ,hay1 #aijb4 ,family ,d5dr]petontid ,frits*1 #ahhi4 ,g5]a3 ,d5dr]peton ,ow51 ,baphetes ,ow51 ,platy/egos ,dawson4 ,family ,sauropleurid ,hay1 #aijb4 ,g5]a3 ,sauropleura ,cope1 ,leptophractus ,cope4 ,family ,ar*egosaurid4 ,g5]a3 ,trim]orha*is ,cope1 ,dissorophus ,cope4 ,family ,cricotid ,cope1 #ahhd4 ,g5]a3 ,cricotus ,cope4 ,family ,an?racosaurid4 ,g5us3 ,eosaurus ,m>%4 ,family ,eryopid ,cope1 #ahhb4 ,g5]a3 ,eryops ,cope1 ,i*?ycan?us ,cope1 ,zatra*ys ,cope1 ,anisodexis ,cope1 ,a*eloma ,cope4 ,family ,ma/odonsaurid ,huxley1 #ahfc4 ,g5]a3 ,ma/odonsaurus ,jaeg]1 ,eupelor ,cope1 ,p>io/egus ,cope1 ,dictyocephalus ,leidy4 ,ord] ,urodela4 ,g5]a3 ,scaph]peton ,cope1 ,hemitrypus ,cope4 ,ord] ,sali5tia ,laur5ti1 #agfh4 ,family ,ranid4 ,g5]a3 ,rana ,l9n1 ,eobatra*us ,m>%4 ,?is classification giv5 by ,hay is only = ! =ms :i* occur 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,classification ,,( ,,amphibia ,,adopt$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,"w1 ,,& ,a ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,amphibia ,,f ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,a few words ( explanation w be necess>y = an und]/&+ ( ! foll[+ classification4 ,! t]m ,amphibia ,l9n1 #ageh1 is1 accord+ to ,/ejneg] 7#eej71 ! correct t]m = ! entire gr\p1 & ?is t]m is adopt$4 ,! t]m ,/egocephala1 =m]ly us$ z a gr\p "n = ! entire ,c>bonif]\s1 ,p]mian1 & ,triassic ,amphibia1 reg>dless ( /ructure1 has be5 reta9$ z a ?ird subclass4 ,! *oice1 s f> z priority is conc]n$1 betwe5 ,labyr9?odontia & ,/egocephala1 is n easy4 ,! t]ms1 h[ev]1 imply diff]5t /ructures4 ,! labyr9?odonts prop] h /]eospondyl\s v]tebr1 :ile ! ,/egocephala h ei!r temnospondyl\s or /]eospondyl\s v]tebr2 s ! latt] t]m has be5 adopt$4 ,! ord9al t]ms are ^? :i* h be5 us$ previ\sly z subord9al1 sectional1 or family names1 ) ! exception ( ! new ord9al t]m ,diplocaulia 7#dgg74 ,! t]m ,bran*iosauria is well-e/abli%$1 & x is "h reta9$ ) ! def9itions previ\sly giv54 ,! same may be said = ! ,microsauria1 al?\gh ,dawson fir/ 7#bjh7 reg>d$ x z a family1 ?\gh giv+ ! t]m an ord9al =m4 ,! ,ai/opoda are n entitl$ to consid]ation z a gr\p = reasons :i* are giv5 subsequ5tly4 ,! ,temnospondylia & ! ,/]eospondylia1 ! ,embolom]i & ! ,ra*itomi may or may n be good gr\p names1 b !y h priority1 s f> z our k ( /ructure goes4 ,!y h be5 reta9$ 9 _! orig9al mean+s4 ,!y h be5 v>i\sly reg>d$ z sections1 sup]families1 gr\ps1 & subfamilies4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( species is arrang$ accord+ to ! propos$ s*eme ( classification3 ,class ,amphibia ,l9n1 #ageh4 ,devonian to ,rec5t4 ,subclass ,euamphibia ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,coal ,measures to ,rec5t4 ,ord] ,bran*iosauria ,lydekk]1 #ahhi4 ,coal ,measures to ,p]mian4 ,family ,bran*iosaurid ,frits*1 #ahgi4 ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 787 ,sp>odus sp4 indet4 ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,ord] ,caudata ,dumril1 #ahjf4 ,coal ,measures to ,rec5t4 ,subord] ,proteida ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,coal ,measures1 ,eoc5e1 & ,rec5t4 ,family ,cocyt9id ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,hyphasma lvis ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ord] ,diplocaulia ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,coal ,measures to ,p]mian4 ,family ,diplocaulid ,cope1 #ahha4 ,diplocaulus salam&roides ,cope1 ,salt ,=k1 ,ill9ois4 787 ,ord] ,sali5tia ,laur5ti1 #agfh4 ,coal ,measures 787 to ,rec5t4 ,family ,peliontid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,pelion lyelli ,wyman1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,subclass ,lepospondylia ,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,coal ,measures4 ,ord] ,microsauria ,dawson1 #ahfc4 ,coal ,measures4 ,family ,hylonomid ,frits*1 #ahhc4 ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hylonomus multid5s ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hylonomus wymani ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hyl]peton dawsonii ,ow51 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hyl]peton int]m$ium ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 787 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,family ,tuditanid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,tuditanus breviro/ris ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,pa4 ,tuditanus longipes ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,pa4 ,erpetosaurus obtusus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,pa4 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,/egopid ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,/egops div>icata ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,urocordylid ,lydekk]1 #ahij4 ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,dic]atosaurus robu/us ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,eos]peton t5uicorne ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,amphibamid ,moodie4 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,amphibamus ?oracatus ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,family ,nyraniid ,lydekk]1 #ahhi4 ,i*?y]peton squamosum ,moodie4 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,ptyoniid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,ptyonius nummif] ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ptyonius m>%ii ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ptyonius v9*ellianus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ptyonius s]rula ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 /ocephalus remex ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 /ocephalus rectid5s ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,i*?ycan?id ,moodie4 ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,molgophid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,molgophis macrurus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,molgophis :eatleyi ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek4 ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,phlege?ontia s]p5s ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,sauropleurid ,hay1 #aijb4 ,sauropleura digitata ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura newb]ryi ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura foveata ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura 7,anisodexis7 en*odus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,sauropleura sp41 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,leptophractus obsoletus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,leptophractus d5tatus ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ord] ,temnospondylia ,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,coal ,measures & ,p]mian4 ,family ,cricotid ,cope1 #ahhd4 ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie1 ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill4 ,family ,eryopid ,cope1 #ahhb4 ,eryops sp4 indet41 ,pitcairn1 ,pa4 ,family ,macr]petid ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,macr]peton huxleyi 7,cope71 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,macr]peton deani ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,family ,an?racosaurid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 ,kansas4 ,baphetes planiceps ,ow51 ,nova ,scotia4 ,baphetes m9or ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow51 ,nova ,scotia4 ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 787,platy/egos loricatum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,g5]a & species ( unc]ta9 position3 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie1 ,ill9ois4 ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ord] ,/]eospondylia ,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,coal ,measures 787 & ,triassic4 ,family ,ma/odonsaurid ,huxley1 #ahfc4 ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 indet41 ,kansas4 ,! above li/ ( species is int]e/+ 9 t x %[s ! div]sity ( /ructure among ! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia4 ,!re are at pres5t #hh species kn[n1 _m ( !m incompletely1 divid$ among #ag families & #e ord]s4 ,! majority ( ! species are f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures1 !re be+ #ej species describ$ or indicat$ f ^! b$s4 ,! ,mazon ,creek %ales h furni%$ #aj species2 ,nova ,scotia #ah species2 ! rema9d] ( ! species are f v>i\s localities4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,! ,,class ,,amphibia ,,l9n1 #ageh1 ,,devonian ,,to ,,rec5t4 7,_w-wide di/ribution47 ,cold-blood$ v]tebrates2 aquatic or p>tially t]re/rial 9 habit2 body scal$ or nak$ or p>tly cov]$ ) bony or horny plates2 abdom5 sometimes protect$ by closely pack$ scutes1 scales1 or rods2 skull completely ro($-ov] or ) a s+le vacuity2 pt]ygoid-palat9e ar* complete or want+2 /apes always pres5t2 two occipital condyles1 sometimes c>tilag9\s2 skull bones pitt$ & groov$ by ! lat]al-l9e canals1 or smoo? & lat]al-l9e canals want+2 p>asph5oid well develop$2 palat9e vacuities1 l>ge1 small1 or abs5t2 basioccipital p>tly or entirely c>tilag9\s2 scl]otic plates pres5t or abs5t2 m\? always t]m9al2 tee? %>ply conical1 smoo?1 or plicat$1 ) walls sometimes extremely complicat$ by ! infold+ ( ! d5t9e & enamel4 ,v]tebr procl\s1 opi/hocl\s1 amphicl\s1 amphiplatyan1 temnospondyl\s1 /]eospondyl\s1 or c>tilag9\s2 noto*ord (t5 p]si/5t2 column divisible into c]vical1 dorsal1 & caudal s]ies2 c]vical s]ies1 s f> z kn[n1 always %ort2 dorsal region long or %ort2 a s+le sacral or two2 caudal s]ies %ort1 v long1 or abs5t4 ,pectoral girdle compos$ ( an osse\s scapula1 clei?rum1 clavicle1 int]clavicle1 & coracoid ) v>i\s relations2 /]num undevelop$2 pectoral girdle ( membrane bones2 9 ,triassic =ms produc+ ! effect ( a pla/ron on acc\nt ( ! high developm5t ( ! clavicles & int]clavicle4 ,pelvis usually compos$ ( an osse\s ilium & is*ium2 pubis :5 osse\s surr\nd$ by l>ge am\nts ( c>tilage1 usually c>tilag9\s1 sometimes calcifi$4 ,limbs ambulatory1 natatory1 or want+2 limb bones compos$ ei!r entirely ( p]i*ondrium or ( p]i*ondrium & a small am\nt ( endo*ondrium2 radius & ulna1 & tibia & fibula free or fus$4 ,digits #c to #e1 usually #d = ! h& & #e = ! foot4 ,t]m9al phalanges sometimes claw$4 ,c>pus & t>sus osse\s or c>tilag9\s1 usually ! latt]4 ,ribs nev] atta*$ to a /]nal app>atus1 s+le or d\ble head$ or int]m$iate1 long & curv$ or %ort & /raight4 ,articulation ) v]tebral column int]- or intra-c5tral4 ,respiration bo? bran*ial & pulmon>y2 bran*i p]si/5t & osse\s 9 "s =ms4 ,developm5t by metamorphosis ei!r 9 ! egg membrane1 on ! back ( ! "m1 or 9 ! wat]4 ,no amnion or allantois4 ,he>t ) a s+le v5tricle & #c or #d pairs ( aortic ar*es2 po/cava always pres5t 9 ! rec5t =ms4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,subclass ,,euamphibia1 ,,moodie1 #aiji4 ,,coal ,,measures ,,to ,,rec5t4 7,_w-wide di/ribution47 ,moodie1 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #aiji1 p4 #bdc4 ,moodie1 ,geol4 ,mag41 n4 s41 ,dec4 ,v1 vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #bbj1 ,may1 #aiji4 ,! pres5t gr\p 0 e/abli%$ = ! reception ( ! ,bran*iosauria & _! desc5dants1 ! ,caudata1 ) ! relat$ =ms1 ! ,apoda4 ,! ,sali5tia are includ$ provisionally1 s9ce !re is no evid5ce ( ! orig9 or relation%ip ( ?is gr\p ( animals to o!r ,euamphibia save t !y h atta9$ ! same /age ( evolution4 ,!y are 9 no way closely relat$ to any kn[n gr\p ( ,amphibia1 rec5t or ext9ct1 b !y /& on ! same plane ( developm5t z ! ,caudata & pres5t simil> /ructures1 i4e41 a s+le v5tricle 9 ! he>t1 ext]nal bran*i 9 ! "y1 a gl&ul> sk91 p]i*ondral bone1 & a l>ge p>asph5oid4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,sali5tia is a puzzle & mu/ rema9 s until fur!r paleontological evid5ce is =?com+4 ,wyman1 ,cope1 & ! writ] h all rem>k$ on ! simil>ity ( /ructure betwe5 ! ,sali5tia & ! s+le kn[n specim5 ( ,pelion lyelli ,wyman f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! subclass ,euamphibia may be def9$ z foll[s3 ,aquatic or t]re/rial ,amphibia2 developm5t by metamorphosis2 ext]nal bran*i pres5t 9 ! "y2 bones almo/ entirely p]i*ondral2 c>pus & t>sus nev] ossifi$2 osse\s pubis abs5t2 v]tebr usually amphicl\s ) p]si/5t noto*ord2 ribs %ort & /raight or flat & slightly curv$1 or abs5t2 digits #d 9 ! h& & #e 9 ! foot2 skull nev] groov$ or pitt$1 nor cut by ! lat]al-l9e canals2 lat]al-l9e organs pres5t 9 ! sk92 scl]otic plates pres5t or abs5t2 tail long & flatt5$ or abs5t4 ,ribs 9 ,triton wal?i are second>ily long & curv$4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,bran*iosauria ,,lydekk]1 #ahij4 ,,coal ,,measures ,,& ,,p]mian ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,,& ,,europe4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bjh1 #ahij4 ,ext9ct1 salam&]-l amphibians1 ) broad1 obtusely r\nd$ cranium2 ext]nal bran*i pres5t 9 "y2 scl]otic plates pres5t2 bones ( ! cranium n ornam5t$ ) deep pits & grooves nor cut by ! lat]al-l9e canals1 ?\gh sometimes ornam5t$ ) slight scorbiculations2 noto*ord always p]si/5t2 v]tebr c>tilag9\s 79 caudal region7 or b p>tially ossifi$1 ! ossification be+ entirely p]i*ondral2 a s+le sacral v]tebra2 transv]se process ( v]tebr l>ge 9 dorsal region2 ribs always %ort1 /raight1 & heavy1 pres5t ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! v]tebral column & borne on ! transv]se processes c5trally2 caudal region ( mod]ate l5g? ) elongate fle%y tail2 usually #bj presacrals1 ( :i* #d or #e may be consid]$ c]vicals2 limbs natatory & always pres5t1 well develop$2 elem5ts ( ! app5dicul> skeleton compos$ entirely ( p]i*ondrium2 c>pus & t>sus c>tilag9\s2 digits #d 9 ! h& & #e 9 ! foot2 phalangeal =mula = ! h& usually #b-b-c-b & = ! foot #b-c-d-c-b2 di/al phalanges n claw$2 abdom5 cov]$ ) closely pack$ corne\s scutes or scales2 body nak$ or cov]$ ) m9ute horny scales2 m$ian & dorsal lat]al l9es pres5t on ! po/]ior "p ( body & on tail4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,coal ,,measures ,,bran*iosaurid4 ,def9ition ,op ! ,family ,bran*iosaurid ,frits*1 #ahgi4 ,coal ,measures & ,p]mian ,op ,nor? ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,frits*1 ,fauna d] ,gaskohle1 ,bd4 ,i1 p4 #fi1 fig4 #cj1 #ahgi4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #baj1 #ahij 7,protritonid274 ,/egocephalic1 salam&]-l animals1 ) broad1 ant]iorly truncate skull4 ,tee? smoo? ) l>ge pulp-cavity4 ,! p>asph5oid n>r[$ ant]iorly1 po/]iorly exp&$ to a %ield-%ap$ plate4 ,v]tebra2 ) ! noto*ord p]si/5t & intrav]tebrally exp&$4 ,pelvis well develop$1 ! ilium & is*ium osse\s ) l>ge c>tilag9\s m>g9s1 ! pubis unkn[n1 possibly hyal9e c>tilage4 ,ribs %ort1 /raight1 pres5t on almo/ all v]tebr4 ,sk9 ) delicately ornam5t$ scales4 ,eyes ) scl]otic plates4 ,palatal elem5ts too?less or ) small too?-l tub]cles on pt]ygoids & palat9es4 ,v5tral armature on ?roat1 *e/1 & abdom51 ext5d+ on to ! limbs1 consi/+ ( small delicate scutell arrang$ 9 a *evron patt]n4 ,! above def9ition is modifi$ f ,frits* 7,fauna d] ,gaskohle1 ,bd4 ,i1 p4 #fi1 #ahgi74 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican species are3 787 ,sp>odus sp4 indet4 ,dawson1 ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie1 ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie1 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 ,g5us ,,micr]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 #ag1 p4 #ci1 figs4 #a to #f1 #aiji4 ,type ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie4 ,! g5us ,micr]peton1 ( :i* ! s+le species is describ$ bel[1 0 ! fir/ evid5ce ( ! occurr5ce ( ! ,bran*iosauria 9 ,am]ica4 ,!re h be5 ?ree o!r g5]a ref]r$ to ! ,bran*iosauria f ,nor? ,am]ican deposits1 b !re is good evid5ce t none ( !m belong !re4 ,! g5us ,amphibamus 0 orig9ally ref]r$ to ! ,x5orha*ia by ,cope 7#aje1 pp4 #acd-acg7 on acc\nt ( ! suppos$ c>tilag9\s condition ( ! v]tebr & ! abs5ce ( ribs4 ,lat] he ab&on$ ?is ord] & plac$ ! =m 9 ! ,bran*iosauria1 :]e x 0 reta9$ by ,zittel 7#fdb74 ,rec5tly ,hay has %[n 7#caf71 & ,i am able to corroborate 8 /atem5t1 t ribs are pres5t 9 ! species1 & t !y are long & curv$1 n at all l ! %ort ribs ( ! true ,bran*iosauria4 ,^! long1 curv$ ribs und\bt$ly exclude ,amphibamus f ! ,bran*iosauria & indicate its close aff9ities ) ! ,microsauria4 ,! g5us ,pelion has also be5 ref]r$ to ?is ord] on purely negative evid5ce 7#fdb1 p4 #cge74 ,?is g5us is exclud$ f ! ,bran*iosauria by ! well-ossifi$ condition ( ! limb bones1 9 :i* ! endo*ondral ossification is se5 to be well develop$1 a condition n f\nd1 s f>1 among ! true ,bran*iosauria4 ,! =m ( ! head & ! elongate h9d limb w\ld also t5d to exclude ! g5us f ! ,bran*iosauria4 ,9 ! ,bran*iosauria ! =e limb is usually l>g] ?an ! h9d limb1 ! rev]se ( :i* is ! case 9 ,pelion4 ,! g5us ,sp>odus1 z x occurs 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 is unc]ta94 ,x is indicat$ by rema9s :i* are almo/ impossible ( det]m9ation4 ,! g5us ,micr]peton may be di/+ui%$ f o!r kn[n ,bran*iosauria by ! l>ge size & ant]ior position ( ! orbits1 abs5ce ( a po/]ior table to ! skull1 ! %ort1 heavy limb bones1 ! sl5d] ilium1 & ! exp&$1 elongate1 & lat]ally compress$ tail4 ,! g5us may be def9$ z foll[s3 ,small =ms1 ! kn[n repres5tative atta9+ a l5g? ( less ?an #b in*es2 head broad & %ort2 scl]otic plates pres5t2 int]orbital space less ?an ! lea/ diamet] ( ! orbit2 occiput concave2 p9eal =am5 9 ! l9e :i* cuts ! po/]ior edge ( ! orbits2 tee? small1 pleurodont d5ticles2 presacral v]tebr #bj or #ba1 ( :i* probably #e are c]vical2 #a sacral2 ribs %ort1 /raight1 & heavy1 c5tral2 scapula ovoid2 limbs /umpy & heavy1 =e limb exce$+ ! h9d 9 size2 endo*ondral ossifications di/9ctly abs5t2 tail long1 exp&$1 & flatt5$1 probably provid$ ) a ?9 exp&$ membrane2 body cov]$ ) m9ute1 ovoid or r\nd$ scales :i* are ornam5t$ ) conc5tric l9es2 color m>k+s v]tical to ! long axis ( ! body & abundantly pres5t on ! tail2 lat]al-l9e organs repres5t$ by ! dorsal & m$ian lat]al l9es on ! tail1 ! s5sory pits probably occurr+ 9 specializ$ d>k5$ scales4 ,coal ,measures ( ,mazon ,creek %ales ne> ,morris1 ,grundy ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 #ag1 p4 #ci1 figs4 #a-f1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ab1cac1 ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! species is repres5t$ by v complete rema9s 7plate #b71 :i* are pres]v$ on opposite halves ( a nodule4 ,! specim5 0 collect$ _m ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,e4 ,gurley at ,mazon ,creek1 b x has nev] be=e be5 /udi$1 al?\gh ,dr4 ,newb]ry exam9$ x & said 9 a note t ,pr(essor ,cope %\ld see x4 ,un=tunately ,cope did n see x & x lay unkn[n = m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,/u>t ,well] = call+ my att5tion to ! specim51 z well z = ! privilege ( describ+ x4 ,! specim5 is exceptionally p]fect 7plate #be1 fig4 #d74 ,ne>ly all ! skeletal elem5ts are pres5t1 & ! g5]al cont\r ( ! body1 ! "* ( ! d]mal cov]+1 ! color-m>k+s1 ! lat]al-l9e sy/em1 & _m o!r features ( int]e/ h be5 detect$4 ,su* complet5ess ( pres]vation is v uncommon ev5 among ! rema9s obta9$ f ?is locality4 ,9 ?is case ! entire =m 0 pres]v$1 b ! collector1 9 crack+ ! nodule1 lo/ ! *ips conta9+ ! feet1 s t only portions ( ! limbs rema94 ,x is ?us impossible to det]m9e ! phalangeal =mula1 b ! feet 7 probably l ^? ( ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus ,cr$n]1 z giv5 by ,cr$n]1 to :i* species ! pres5t =m is closely alli$ & inde$ mu/ be plac$ 9 ! same family ) ,bran*iosaurus1 ,pelosaurus1 & ,melan]peton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #b ,draw+ #c4e4 ( type specim5 ( ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 %[+ skeletal elem5ts1 =m ( head & tail1 ! lat]al-l9e s5se-organs1 b&$ color-m>k+s1 & v5tral scutell4 ,on ! edges ( ! tail impression are indications t 9 life ! tail _h a ?9 fold ( sk9 above & bel[ ! fle%y portion1 mu* z 9 ! l>v ( ,ambly/oma at ! pres5t day4 ,! rema9s "h describ$ repres5t a small1 salam&]-l =m1 & !y are among ! e>lie/ geological evid5ce ( ! gr\p1 :i*1 )\t d\bt1 gave rise to ! mod]n salam&]s4 ,! p>ts pres]v$ 9 ! specim5 are3 ! complete outl9e ( ! head ) mo/ ( ! cranial elem5ts cle>ly di/+ui%able1 z well z ! black pigm5t ( ! *oroid2 ! entire v]tebral column1 includ+ pits 9 ! tail region1 :]e ! v]tebr 7 )\t d\bt entirely c>tilag9\s2 p>ts ( ! pectoral girdle2 ! ilium2 ! left hum]us2 ! v5tral scutellation2 ! ribs ( "o side ( ! body & indications ( ribs on ! o!r2 portions ( bo? h9d limbs2 & a complete impression ( ! fle%y tail4 ,on ?is impression ( ! tail are pres]v$ small1 horny scales1 transv]se color-m>k+s1 & ! di/9ct impressions ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em4 ,! bones ( ,micr]peton caudatum1 z 9 s _m ( ! fossils f ?is locality1 h be5 replac$ by a :ite1 friable m9]al :i* is probably kaol94 ,! animal is pres]v$ on its back & x is ?us illu/rat$ f ! v5tral side4 ,! entire l5g? ( ! animal is only #di mm41 ( :i* ! tail occupies ne>ly half4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,re/oration ( ,micr]peton caudatum1 a bran*iosaur f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ill9ois4 #b4 ,! head has mu* ! same %ape z 9 ! species ( ,bran*iosaurus describ$ & figur$ by ,frits* 7#bea71 ,cr$n] 7#aha71 & ,!v59 7#efh74 ,! eyes occupy relatively ! same position z 9 t g5us4 ,! orbits are v l>ge & broadly oval4 ,)9 ! bord]s ( ! rim ! /one is black5$ z ?\gh by ! black pigm5t ( ! iris1 su* z ,cope has describ$ 9 ,amphibamus4 ,"u a r high p[] ( magnification ! cranial bones are se5 to be repres5t$ by m]e flakes ( :ite m9]al matt]4 ,! sutures sep>at+ ! cranial elem5ts are di/9ctly pres]v$ on ! ma9 half ( ! nodule4 ,! op5+s ( ! skull are five ! two orbits1 ! two m9ute no/rils1 & ! p9eal =am54 ,a m$ian suture sep>ates ! skull into halves & ! p9eal =am5 lies slightly ant]ior to ! po/]ior ?ird ( its l5g?4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! premaxill are n di/9ct1 b !y are v small elem5ts & =m ! inn] bord] ( ! no/rils1 :i* are cle>ly indicat$ by bosses ( /one4 ,! nasal elem5t is ne>ly squ>e & lies ant]ior to ! frontal1 :i* x bord]s broadly4 ,! p>ietal is ab\t ! same size z ! frontal & x app>5tly =ms a portion ( ! inn] bord] ( ! orbit1 al?\gh ?is is n assur$4 ,! p>ietal is elongate & unites po/]iorly ) ! po/p>ietal4 ,! po/p>ietal1 ) ! tabul>e & ! squamosal1 =m ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! skull1 & !y are h5ce n unlike ! same elem5ts 9 o!r ,/egocephala4 ,! pref r5tal =ms ! ant]ior bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! lacrimal has n be5 detect$4 ,! maxilla is elongate & =ms ! ant]o-lat]al bord] ( ! skull4 ,! jugal =ms an important elem5t 9 ! lat]al bord] ( ! cranium & jo9s ! quadratojugal po/]iorly4 ,! po/frontal is triangul> & ) ! po/orbital =ms ! po/]ior bord] ( ! orbit4 ,bo? ( ! elem5ts are acum9ate po/]iorly1 al?\gh ! suture betwe5 !m is indi/9ct1 & !y inclose betwe5 _! po/]ior acum9ations an ant]ior projection ( ! supratemporal4 ,! squamosal has ! usual relations & bord]s ! supratemporal lat]ally4 ,! latt] elem5t =ms ! quadrate angle ( ! cranium4 ,! entire l5g? ( ! v]tebral column is pres]v$1 al?\gh ! nature & /ructure ( its elem5ts c n be det]m9$4 ,! impressions ( a few ( ! v]tebr %[ t "s ( ! c5tra 7 amphicl\s1 b o!r ?an ?is no?+ is def9ite4 ,! cavities :i* ! c5tra occupi$ 7 fill$ by ! :ite m9]al matt] & ! =ce ( ! bl[ :i* crack$ ! nodule de/roy$ ! =m ( ! mold4 ,x is possible t :]e ! m9]al matt] has fill$ ! cavities ! c5tra 7 osse\s or p>tly c>tilag9\s1 & :]e ! cavities 7 unfill$ ! c5tra 7 entirely c>tilag9\s4 ,! l5g? ( ! v]tebral column f ! base ( ! skull to ! la/ impression ( a c>tilag9\s c5trum is #cc mm4 ,! numb] ( c5tra betwe5 ! sacral v]tebra & ! skull is #bj z !y are pres]v$1 b !re may h be5 "o m1 ! atlas4 ,frits* has repres5t$ #ba 9 8 re/oration ( ,bran*iosaurus salam&roides1 & ?is is a fur!r indication ( an aff9ity betwe5 ! two g5]a1 al?\gh ,cr$n] has repres5t$ #bf presacral v]tebra2 9 ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus4 ,! presacral v]tebr are ?us se5 to v>y )9 n>r[ limits1 b ! numb] ( presacrals is ne> #bj1 & ?is may be tak5 z typical4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice t 9 mod]n =ms ( ! salam&]s ! presacral v]tebr numb] ab\t #bj4 ,!re is b a s+le sacral c5trum 9 ,micr]peton4 ,! sacral rib has n be5 detect$1 b x is re/or$ aft] ! condition f\nd 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,! "r femur p>tially cov]s ! sacral v]tebra1 & its /ructure c n be det]m9$4 ,i c\nt impressions ( #ag caudal c5tra1 ( :i* at lea/ #ab may h be5 p>tially ossifi$4 ,9 ! c]vical region !re are di/9ct impressions ( transv]se processes on at lea/ #e v]tebr1 & ?is numb] is assign$ to ! neck1 al?\gh x is by no means c]ta9 t ?is is ! correct numb]4 ,! neck 0 at lea/ %ort1 if we may judge f ! position ( ! rema9s ( ! pectoral girdle4 ,no c]vical ribs are def9itely det]m9$4 ,!re is a %ort rib ly+ betwe5 ! fif? & six? v]tebr1 b to :i* x belongs is unc]ta94 ,!re are impressions ( #aj ribs pres]v$ on "o side ( ! v]tebral column & "o on ! o!r side4 ,!y are %ort1 /raight1 & heavy1 z are ! same elem5ts 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,?is "* alone is suffici5t to place ,micr]peton among ! ,bran*iosauria1 s9ce no su* ribs are kn[n 9 o!r gr\ps ( ! ext9ct amphibians4 ,! ribs pres]v$ lie next ! sev5? to ! sev5te5? v]tebr on ! left side1 & !re is "o on ! "r side :i* may belong to ei!r ! fif? or six? v]tebra4 ,!y are c5tral 9 _! atta*m5t1 & 9 ?is !y agree well ) ! mode ( rib atta*m5t 9 ! mod]n salam&]s4 ,all ( ! ribs are s+le-head$ & are compos$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( p]i*ondral tissue4 ,! position ( ! ribs 9 ! matrix incl9$ backw>ds1 &1 mak+ a small angle ) ! v]tebral column1 is v sugge/ive ( ! condition 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,! pectoral girdle is repres5t$ by ?ree di/9ct elem5ts ( ! left side1 :i* are id5tifi$ z scapula1 clavicle1 & coracoid1 foll[+ ! nom5clature giv5 by ,woodw>d 7#fca71 al?\gh ,cr$n] 7#ahf7 w\ld "n !m o!rwise4 ,! scapula is repres5t$ by an ovoid fragm5t ly+ next to ! v]tebral column4 ,! clavicle 0 probably spatulate1 z 9 ,melan]peton1 b ! inn] end ( ! elem5t is n visible4 ,! coracoid is repres5t$ by its out] end only1 & its inn] po9t$ extremity is n visible4 ,! int]clavicle has n be5 detect$4 ,! hum]us lies some:at to "o side ( ! pectoral girdle1 z if !re _h be5 a l>ge am\nt ( epiphyseal c>tilage4 ,its position may be due to po/-mortem %ift+1 b !re is little o!r evid5ce ( any movem5t aft] deposition4 ,! hum]us is a l>ge1 heavy bone 9 comp>ison ) ! re/ ( ! skeleton4 ,x is exp&$ at ea* end1 & its ends %[ concavities1 prov+ t ! bone is =m$ pr9cipally ( p]i*ondral tissue1 z w\ld be expect$ f su* an e>ly ,bran*iosaurian4 ,! endo*ondrium has n yet develop$ 9 ?is =m1 :i* is evid5tly adult4 ,!re is no o!r elem5t ( ! arm pres5t4 ,!re is b a s+le elem5t ( ! pelvis pres]v$1 a sl5d] elongate rod :i* is und\bt$ly ! ilium1 s9ce x has ! usual position = t elem5t & is mu* too l>ge = a sacral rib4 ,x has mu* ! same %ape z ! ilium 9 ! mod]n ,salam&ra1 & is n exp&$ z is ! ilium ( ,bran*iosaurus4 ,?is elem5t1 l ! hum]us1 seems to h be5 b a holl[ cyl9d] ( bone & und\bt$ly _h c>tilag9\s ends1 z 9 ! ilium ( ! rec5t ,salam&ra4 ,! two femora are pres]v$ ne>ly entire1 ! "r "o ly+ ^u & p>tly obscur+ ! sacral v]tebra4 ,! femur is mu* m sl5d] ?an is ! hum]us1 ) slightly exp&$ ends1 &1 l ! hum]us1 %[s ! concavities at ! ends1 indicative ( ! p]i*ondral "* ( ! tissue compos+ x4 ,!re are two elem5ts ( ! leg pres]v$ m or less entire4 ,! l>g] bone may repres5t ! tibia & ! small] ! fibula4 ,!y bo? pres5t *>act]s simil> to ^? ( ! femur & hum]us4 ,!y are simple rods ( bone tap]+ at ! di/al end4 ,! feet h be5 lo/1 ?\gh d\btless !y 7 pres5t at "o "t4 ,! v5tral surface ( ! body1 z 9 o!r memb]s ( ! ,bran*iosauria1 0 cov]$ & protect$ by a s]ies ( small scutes arrang$ 9 ! regul> *evron patt]n4 ,! =m ( ! scutes & _! numb] c n be det]m9$4 ,! l9es :i* repres5t !m are1 h[ev]1 di/9ct4 ,"s ( ! scutes are miss+ & "s ( !m are obscur$ by ly+ ov] ! v]tebral column4 ,!y are all some:at %ift$ to ! left4 ,! l9es are v small & close toge!r4 ,i c\nt #af ( !m 9 a di/ance ( #b mm4 ,9 l5g? ! longe/ l9e pres]v$ is a little m ?an #d mm41 measur+ f ! po9t ( ! *evron4 ,! l9es repres5t+ ! scutes come to a po9t 9 a m$ian ridge :i* is n[ repres5t$ by a l9e4 ,! d]mal scutes on ! abdom5 7 probably ! =]unn]s ( ! abdom9al ribs ( ! reptiles 7fig4 #i74 ,! impression ( ! tail conta9s "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features 9 ! entire specim54 ,scatt]$ ov] x & 9 places laid 9 mosaic are impressions ( small d]mal scales1 :i* may h cov]$ ! entire body4 ,9 =m ! scales are ovoid1 be+ half z wide z long1 & ! m>k+s on ! scales p>take ( ! nature ( radiat+ l9es1 mu* aft] ! patt]n ( ! sculptur+ ( ! cranial bones 9 ! ,microsauria4 ,! scales are less ?an #j4e mm4 9 diamet] & _! "* c only be asc]ta9$ "u high magnification4 ,ne> ! middle ( ! tail !re are pres]v$ di/9ct transv]se b&s ( d>k color1 :i* are m or less evid5t ?r\gh\t ! entire tail impression1 b !y are else:]e n s di/9ct z 9 ! c5tral region4 ,! l9es are evid5tly due to r[s ( pigm5t$ scales1 & 9 all probability ! animal's body 0 transv]sely /rip$4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ & important s+le /ructure discov]$ on ! specim5 is ! impression ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em1 :i* is cle>ly evid5t z two d>k l9es on ! impression ( ! fle%y "p ( ! tail4 ,! s5se-organs are repres5t$ by two longitud9al r[s ( pigm5t$ scales1 "o beg9n+ at ! tip ( ! tail1 ! o!r tak+ its orig9 f ! m$ian l9e some:at fur!r =w>d4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,kata%i ,takaha%i = call+ my att5tion to ! simil>ity ( ?is arrangem5t to t f\nd 9 ! rec5t ,necturus4 ,! arrangem5t & disposition ( ! l9es conta9+ ! s5se-organs is practically ! same 9 ! two =ms4 ,! m$ian lat]al-l9e takes its orig9 f ! extreme tip ( ! tail & is cont9u$ to ! base1 :]e ! impression is brok54 ,! dorsal lat]al-l9e has its orig9 r abruptly f ! m$ian lat]al-l9e at a di/ance ( #f mm4 f ! tip ( ! tail4 ,! s5se-organs 7 und\bt$ly locat$ b5ea? specializ$ pigm5t$ scales on ! surface1 & to ?is pigm5t is due ! pres]vation ( ! l9es4 ,! fact t ! arrangem5t ( ! s5se-organs ( ,micr]peton corresponds s exactly to ! condition f\nd 9 ,necturus is ( consid]able int]e/4 ,necturus alone among ! mod]n tail$ ,amphibia has ! arrangem5t describ$ = ! lat]al-l9e sy/em ( ,micr]peton4 ,all o!r =ms ( ! ,caudata1 z also ! l>val =ms ( ! ,sali5tia1 h an arrangem5t ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em :i* is p]fectly di/9ct f t f\nd 9 ,necturus1 al?\gh ! basis ( ! same arrangem5t is f\nd 9 all4 ,9 ,ambly/oma1 = in/ance1 ! m$ian lat]al-l9e is n pres5t on ! tail1 & ! dorsal l9e is incompletely develop$4 ,! close simil>ity ( ! arrangem5t ( ! sy/ems ( s5se-organs 9 ! two =ms1 ,micr]peton & ,necturus1 may be ( g5etic significance ) reg>d to ! latt] =m4 ,! lat]al-l9e s5se-organs are ( a v fundam5tal significance1 & x is n at all improbable t ! same arrangem5t ( ! l9es has exi/$ f ! ,c>bonif]\s p]iod or e>li]4 ,we "k t su* has be5 ! case 9 a great _m ( ! fi%es4 ,! ance/ors ( ! mod]n ,caudata mu/ h orig9at$ some:]e 9 ! basal ,c>bonif]\s or e>li] p]iods1 &1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 ! ,bran*iosauria repres5t ! ance/ral gr\p ( ! ,caudata4 ,?is sugge/ion is by no means new1 s9ce ,baur & o!rs h held ! same view4 ,?is topic has be5 discuss$ at l5g? else:]e 7#dei7 by ! writ]4 ,! relations ( ! =m ,micr]peton caudatum are readily det]m9$4 ,! numb] ( ! presacral v]tebr1 ! =m & position ( ! ribs1 ! %ape ( ! skull1 ! arrangem5t ( ! cranial elem5ts1 ! /ructure ( ! pectoral girdle & ! "* ( ! v5tral armature all cle>ly bespeak a close relation%ip ) ,bran*iosaurus1 ,melan]peton1 ,pelosaurus1 & o!r ,european bran*iosaurian =ms f ! ,upp] ,c>bonif]\s & ,l[] ,p]mian4 ,! above-describ$ species1 ) o!rs giv5 bel[1 is ! e>lie/ geological evid5ce ( ! ,bran*iosauria1 s9ce ! olde/ ,european =ms are f ! ,/ephanian 7,upp] ,c>bonif]\s71 :i* probably lies some:at above ! horizon ( ! ,allegh5y s]ies ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,bran*iosauria 9 ,am]ica is ( consid]able int]e/ 9 ! be>+ x has on ! di/ribution & migration ( ! ,paleozoic animals4 ,k ( h[ ! gr\p came to occur 9 su* widely sep>at$ localities 9 approximately contempor>y geological /rata is an unsolv$ problem ( paleontology4 ,x is possible t ! piscian ance/ors ( ! ,amphibia migrat$ across or along ! bord]s ( ! seas & began ! amphibian phase ( developm5t indep5d5tly 9 ! two cont95ts4 ,t evolution %\ld1 9 ?is case1 h foll[$ almo/ exactly p>allel l9es seems incr$ible4 ,measurem5ts4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire animal #di ,l5g? ( head 9 m$ian l9e #f4e ,wid? ( head at po/]ior bord] #h ,l5g? ( orbit #b4e ,wid? ( orbit #b ,int]orbital space #b ,l5g? ( ! v]tebral column #cc ,l5g? ( ! v]tebral c5trum 9 dorsal s]ies #j4e ,l5g? ( trunk f base ( skull to sacrum #bb ,l5g? ( rib #a4e ,l5g? ( scapula #c ,maximum wid? ( clavicle #b ,l5g? ( hum]us #b4e ,l5g? ( ilium #a4e ,l5g? ( femur #b ,l5g? ( tibia #a4e ,l5g? ( tail impression #ba4e ,wid? ( tail impression at base #d ,g5us ,,eumicr]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #ccj1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 ,! g5us is e/abli%$ on ?ree well-pres]v$ specim5s repres5t+ ne>ly ! entire anatomy4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s are f\nd 9 ! v broad po/]ior table ( ! skull1 ) its %ort l5g?1 r$uction ( tympanic not*1 & %ortness ( body4 ,! body-l5g? ( ,eumicr]peton 7plate #e1 fig4 #a7 is less proportionately ?an t ( o!r closely alli$ g5]a4 ,o!r g5]ic *>act]s are f\nd 9 ! %>p po/]o-lat]al angle ( ! skull1 & x is to be di/+ui%$ f ,micr]peton1 especially1 by ! %ort1 /umpy limb bones4 ,! n>r[1 elongate eye1 plac$ close to ! edge ( ! skull1 is a "* n obs]v$ hi!rto 9 ! ,bran*iosauria4 ,! g5us is closely alli$ to ,bran*iosaurus ( ,europe4 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #dj1 p4 #dcj1 fig4 #a1 #aiaa4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cca-ccf1 pl4 #c1 figs4 #c & #d2 pl4 #d2 pl4 #e1 fig4 #a2 pl4 #f1 figs4 #a & #b1 #aiab4 ,moodie1 ,am]4 ,nat41 #dd1 pp4 #cfg-cge1 figs4 #a-d1 #aiaj4 ,moodie1 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xxxi1 ,no4 #ghi1 p4 #bcc4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hjc1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,o!r specim5s1 ,no4 #hjb1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum1 & ,no4 #ddjj1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! impression ( ! outl9e ( ! entire body is pres]v$ 7plate #c1 figs4 #a & #b7 9 ?ree specim5s1 & 9 all are f\nd molds & impressions ( ! alim5t>y canal1 :i*1 9 "o specim5 7#dga71 are rem>kably complete & in/ructive4 ,! ?ree specim5s w be discuss$ sep>ately1 s9ce !y %[ diff]5t features4 ,! impression ( ! l>g] animal 7,no4 #hjc1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum71 :i* is probably an adult1 pres5ts ! foll[+ elem5ts3 ! entire skull1 bo? hum]i1 impressions ( po/]ior & ant]ior v5tral armature1 portions ( ! alim5t>y canal1 "o femur1 portions ( a fibula & tibia1 & ! entire impression ( ! tail1 on :i*1 z 9 ,micr]peton caudatum1 !re occur two def9ite d>k l9es1 "o beg9n+ at ! tip ( ! tail & runn+ obliquely along ! tail to :]e ! impression is brok5 at ! anal region2 ! o!r beg9n+ at a di/ance ( #d4e mm4 f ! tip & runn+ almo/ p>allel ) ! m$ian l9e4 ,^! two l9es und\bt$ly repres5t ! lat]al-l9e sy/em4 ,! skull is especially not$ = its %ortness & ! great po/]ior wid?1 z well z = ! almo/ entire abs5ce ( ! tympanic not*4 ,! p9eal =am5 is locat$ on a l9e ) ! po/]ior bord] ( ! orbits4 ,! eyes !mselves are n>r[ & acum9ate at ea* end1 ) a pron\nc$ convexity inw>ds & a flatt5+ on ! out] m>g94 ,!y are locat$ on ! v bord] ( ! skull1 b relatively m po/]ior ?an 9 ,micr]peton4 ,no scl]otic plates are evid5t4 ,! m$ian suture c be indi/9ctly obs]v$ runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! skull4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! outside ( ! f r5tals & ! squamosals are p>tially evid5t1 b n satisfactorily pres]v$4 ,! m&ible is repres5t$ by a mold :i* 9 wax impression %[s %ort1 /umpy tee?4 ,po/]ior to ! skull at a di/ance ( a millimet] !re are two %>p impressions :i* may repres5t ! ant]ior edges ( ! int]clavicle or !y may be bran*ial elem5ts4 ,!y are di/9ctly curv$1 h[ev]1 & probably repres5t portions ( ! int]clavicle4 ,a wax impression does n %[ a discrete /ructure1 b ! b\nd>ies ( "s l>g] elem5t4 ,no o!r rema9s ( ! pectoral girdle c be disc]n$4 ,! hum]i are %ort & relatively ?ick4 ,wax impressions %[ !m to h _h truncate or slightly concave ends1 ?us indicat+ ! abs5ce or slight developm5t ( ! endo*ondrium4 ,no o!r elem5ts ( ! arm are pres]v$4 ,! impression ( an elongate femur & ! heads ( ! tibia & fibula ( ! left side are pres]v$4 ,! v5tral armature is pres]v$ 9 two small pat*es1 & ^! %[ ! *evron-%ap$ rods to h be5 v f9e mu* m delicate ?an 9 ,micr]peton4 ,! body impression is v in/ructive & int]e/+1 bo? 9 %[+ ! =m ( ! body & because 9 x are pres]v$ ! l>g] portions ( ! alim5t>y canal4 ,! =m ( ! body c be/ be disc]n$ by ref]5ce to ! figures 7plate #c1 figs4 #a & #b2 plate #e1 fig4 #a74 ,! portions ( ! alim5t>y canal pres]v$ consi/ ( ! great] portion ( ! /oma*1 ?ree coils or loops ( ! small inte/9e1 ! rectum1 & a pit :i* und\bt$ly repres5ts ! anal op5+4 ,! anus is f\nd at a di/ance ( #af mm4 f ! tip ( ! tail & is some:at remov$ f ! body portion1 z 9 mod]n salam&]s4 ,on ea* side ( ! po/]ior end ( ! rectum !re occur a pair ( enl>gem5ts :i* probably repres5t ! oviducts at _! po/]ior ends 7fig4 #ae1 ,c74 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #c #a4 ,! l>g] specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 #a4 #b4 ,! small] specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 #a4 #c4 ,type specim5 ( ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie4 #a4 #d4 ,type specim5 ( ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie4 #a4 #e & #f4 ,type specim5 ( ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie4 #a4 #g4 ,a copy ( ,cope's draw+ ( ! type specim5 ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,! orig9al 0 de/roy$ by fire4 #c4 ,! tail impression is m acum9ate ?an 9 ,micr]peton1 b %[s ! same /ructures z 9 t =m1 i4e41 ! lat]al l9es :i* h already be5 m5tion$4 ,micr]peton 0 a m rapid swimm] ?an ! pres5t =m on acc\nt ( ! great] developm5t ( ! tail4 ,! second specim5 ( ! species 7,no4 #hjb1 ,yale ,museum7 %[s mu* ! same "* z ! specim5 already describ$1 except t !re are impressions ( small1 blunt tee? on ! m&ible4 ,! two hum]i & ! femur ( ! left side are pres]v$ & ! int]clavicle is repres5t$ by an id5tical impression1 z 9 ! fir/-describ$ specim54 ,! tail impression1 ?\gh simil> 9 =m1 does n exhibit s mu* ( ! /ructure ( ! lat]al l9es 7fig4 #ae1 ,b74 ,! matt] ( especial int]e/ 9 connection ) ?is second specim5 is ! rem>kably p]fect pres]vation ( ! alim5t>y canal1 :i* is entire1 except = ! v ant]ior end ( ! sophagus4 ,! po/]ior portion ( ! sophagus1 :i* measures #c4e mm41 is cle>ly pres]v$4 ,its ant]ior end is ?r[n ar\nd po/]iorly & indicates t ?is end 0 loos5$ aft] dea? & became displac$ be=e fossilization4 ,! l5g? pres]v$ may repres5t ! entire sophagus4 ,! sophagus is con/rict$ be=e x ent]s ! /oma*1 :i* %[s ! usual curvature f\nd 9 mod]n salam&]s4 ,! /oma* measures #f mm4 9 l5g? by #b mm4 9 bread?1 & consi/s ( a s+le enl>gem5t z 9 ! mod]n ,ambly/oma punctatum4 ,x increases 9 size some:at t[>d ! pyloric end & !n v gradually con/ricts to ! pylorus4 ,?ree divisions ( ! small inte/9e c be se54 ,! mo/ ant]ior "o1 correspond+ to ! duod5um1 is segm5t$1 z ?\gh ! inte/9e _h be5 fill$ ) food be=e int]m5t4 ,! rema9d] ( ! inte/9e1 correspond+ to ! ilium1 is loop$ 9 ! =m ( two figures #h :i* are sup]impos$1 ) ! upp] portions ( ! #h at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,! rectum is cle>ly disc]nible1 ?\gh its l[] portion is some:at obscur$ by hav+ ! l[] "p ( ! upp] loop ( ! inte/9e ly+ ov] x4 ,! anus lies at a di/ance ( #a4e mm4 po/]ior to ! transv]se l9e f1 ! upp] end ( ! femur1 & is q well back on ! tail1 z 9 mod]n salam&]s4 ,9 ?is specim5 also occur two oval bodies :i* may be id5tifi$ z ! l[] ends ( ! oviducts1 ?us indicat+1 9 all probability1 t ! animal 0 a female4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,mazon ,creek ,amphibia4 ,a4 ,?ird specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 :i* exhibits ! alim5t>y canal well pres]v$4 #b4 ,orig9al 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 a1 anus2 f1 femur2 h1 hum]us2 ic1 int]clavicle2 91 inte/9e2 m1 m&ible2 or1 orbit2 /1 /oma*2 t1 tibia & fibula4 ,b4 ,type specim5 ( ,amphibamus ?oracatus ,moodie4 ,orig9al 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 #b 7,= description see ,p4 #acb47 ,a dissection ( sev]al species ( mod]n caudates has result$ 9 ! discov]y t ! adult condition ( ! alim5t>y canal ( all ! species dissect$ 7,ambly/oma punctatum1 ,necturus maculosus1 ,diemyctylits torosus1 ,d4 viridesc5s1 etc47 is mu* m complex ?an t exhibit$ by ! specim5 "u discussion4 ,a v ne> approa* to ! condition f\nd 9 ,eumicr]peton p>vum is f\nd 9 an immature bran*iate individual ( ,diemyctylits torosus1 #ef mm4 9 l5g?1 f a fre%-wat] pond on ,m\nt ,con/itution1 on ,orcas ,isl&1 ,puget ,s\nd1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! simil>ity ( ! inte/9al /ructure is ( consid]able importance to our und]/&+ ( ! relation%ip exi/+ betwe5 ! ,c>bonif]\s ,bran*iosauria & ! mod]n ,caudata1 & only confirms o!r argum5ts1 (f]$ 9 ano!r place 7#dei71 conc]n+ _! imm$iate relation%ip4 ,! bran*iosaurian aff9ities ( ! pres5t species are almo/ too evid5t to ne$ discussion4 ,! entire /ructure is ess5tially simil> to t ( o!r g5]a ( ! ord]4 ,! ?ird specim5 ( ?is species 7,no4 #ddjj ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum7 is almo/ z p]fectly pres]v$ z 7 ! o!r two specim5s4 ,! skull /ructure1 ! int]m$iate position ( ! p9eal =am51 ! epiotic not*1 & ! %ape ( ! skull are ess5tially simil> to ! describ$ specim5s ( ! species4 ,! pres5t specim5 is m develop$ ?an ! o!r two & probably repres5ts an adult4 ,! alim5t>y canal is p]fectly pres]v$4 ,x is ne>ly half aga9 z long z ! smalle/ ( ! above-describ$ specim5s1 & ! skull is proportionately long] & wid]4 ,!re is pres]v$ also an impression ( ! ant]ior ends ( bo? clavicles4 ,! "r hum]us is imp]fectly pres]v$1 z is also ! "r femur & tibia2 o!r ?an ^! ! fossil is m]ely an impression4 ,! skull is s simil> to ^? describ$ above t additional description is unnecess>y4 ,! p9eal =am5 is q l>ge & lies on a l9e :i* cuts ! orbits into equal longitud9al p>ts4 ,! int]orbital space is ab\t equal to ! long diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,traces ( scl]otic plates are obs]v$ 9 ! left orbit1 b !y are q imp]fect4 ,! alim5t>y canal 7fig4 #ad;a7 is unlike ! previ\sly describ$ /ructures1 9 t ! inte/9e is long] & m convolut$4 ,x lies 9 five longitud9al folds & ends 9 an enl>g$ cloaca1 ne> :i* !re are impressions ( two gl&s1 or ! po/]ior ends ( ! oviducts1 z 0 sugge/$ = ! ,yale specim5s4 ,! creatures und\bt$ly f$ on small plants & animals mu* z d ! rec5t salam&]s4 ,measurem5ts ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 ,no4 #hjc 7#bbb71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum3 mm4 ,l5g? ( animal #cg4e ,l5g? ( skull #d4e ,po/]ior wid? ( skull at table #f ,long diamet] ( eye #a4ge ,transv]se diamet] ( eye #fe ,l5g? ( left hum]us #a4ej ,numb] ( v5tral armature rods 9 #a mm #aj ,l5g? ( femur #a4ge ,wid? across base ( tail impression #c4e ,l5g? ( tail f base to tip #ag ,no4 #hjb 7#dga7 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum3 mm4 ,l5g? ( animal #cj ,l5g? ( skull #d ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #e ,l5g? ( sophagus #c4e ,l5g? ( /oma* #f ,wid? ( /oma* #a4cc ,e/imat$ l5g? ( inte/9e #ah ,wid? across base ( tail impression #b4e ,l5g? ( tail f base to tip #g ,no4 #ddjj1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum3 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire animal #de ,l5g? ( skull #f ,wid? ( skull #i ,transv]se diamet] ( orbit #a4ej ,long diamet] ( orbit #b4be ,int]orbital space #b4ej ,diamet] ( p9eal =am5 #ej ,l5g? ( body f back ( skull to pelvis #bb ,greate/ wid? ( body #i ,l5g? ( tail #af ,wid? ( tail at base #e ,l5g? ( hum]us #c ,l5g? ( femur #b4ej ,l5g? ( tibia 7fibula87 #a4ge ,l5g? ( /oma* #c ,l5g? ( inte/9e 7e/imat$7 #e4f ,wid? ( inte/9e #a ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #d #a & #b4 ,v]tebr ( ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie4 #a4 #c4 ,type specim5 ( ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 #a4 #d4 ,type skeleton ( ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie4 #j4i4 #e & #f4 ,! halves ( ! nodule conta9+ a practically complete skeleton ( ,amphibians gr&iceps ,cope4 #a4 ,orig9als ( above figures 9 ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,g5us ,,mazon]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 vol4 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #ccf1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,m4 longicaudatum ,moodie4 ,! g5us is di/+ui%$ f o!r kn[n bran*iosaurian g5]a by ! great l5g? ( ! dorsal region1 ! elongate tail 7plate #e1 fig4 #b71 ) its well-develop$ caudal ribs1 ! r$uction ( ! tympanic not*1 ! broad nature ( ! scapula1 ! elongate int]clavicle1 & ! sl5d] ilium4 ,! numb] ( dorsal v]tebr is id5tical ) t ( ,bran*iosaurus ( ,saxony4 ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #ccg1 pl4 #c1 figs4 #a-b2 pl4 #g1 fig4 #c2 pl4 #aj4 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #gie 7#abcd71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 7,plate #c1 figs4 #e & #f47 ,! rema9s consi/ ( ! foll[+ elem5ts3 an incomplete skull2 ne>ly ! entire v]tebral column1 consi/+ ( c]vical1 dorsal1 sacral1 & caudal v]tebr1 #cf 9 numb]2 sev]al ribs pres]v$ on ea* side ( ! v]tebral column2 a portion ( ! v5tral armature2 ! scapul2 a clavicle2 ! int]clavicle2 bo? hum]i2 ! radius & ulna ( "o side & ! ulna ( ! o!r2 portions ( bo? h&s2 ! ilium ( ! "r side2 bo? femora1 & a p>tial impression ( ! left tibia4 ,! skull is1 un=tunately1 v poorly pres]v$4 ,en\gh rema9s1 h[ev]1 to det]m9e ! ess5tial *>act]s4 ,! skull bones1 unlike any o!r ,am]ican bran*iosaurian1 h an ornam5tation consi/+ ( %>p pits & elevations :i* 9 places h a qu9cuncial arrangem5t & 9 o!rs take ! =m ( def9ite l9es ( pits or tub]cles simil> to ! condition f\nd 9 _m ( ! ,microsauria4 ,! orbits are l>ge & are situat$ back ( ! m$ian transv]se l9e ( ! skull4 ,!y are almo/ circul> 9 =m & conta9 #f elongat$ scl]otic plates v closely arrang$ ar\nd ! bord]s ( ! "r orbit4 ,! plates are twice z long z wide4 ,! int]orbital wid? is #a4be times ! transv]se diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,n _m ( ! sutures ( ! skull are disc]nible4 ,portions ( ! frontals1 ! nasals1 ! prefrontals1 ! p>ietals1 & ! supratemporals c be id5tifi$4 ,_! arrangem5t is %[n 9 figure #ad;a4 ,!re is a decid$ po/]ior table to ! skull1 ) truncate po/]ior bord]4 ,! tympanic not* is %all[1 ) its out] bord] n s well protect$ z 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,! c]vical v]tebr are incomplete1 b _! numb] 0 #d or #e1 z 9 ,micr]peton4 ,! /ructure ( ! dorsal v]tebr is also unc]ta91 al?\gh ! %ape c be disc]n$4 ,! v]tebr are %ort & ?ick1 v unlike ! long1 cyl9drical v]tebr ( ,cephal]peton4 ,! heavy transv]se process is q evid5t on ! be/ pres]v$ v]tebr4 ,?is process recalls t describ$ by ,cr$n] = ! ,saxony ,bran*iosauria4 ,sev]al ( ! v]tebr %[ ! articulation ( ! ribs ) ?is process4 ,! ribs ( ! caudal region recall v /rongly ^? ( ,bran*iosaurus4 ,!y are q heavy 9 ! ant]ior caudal region & !n dim9i% r rapidly to ! po9t :]e ! tail is brok5 & lo/4 ,! v5tral armature is repres5t$ by a pat* ( *evron rods #ba mm4 9 l5g?4 ,! rods take a v peculi> =m1 be+ %ort cresc5tic bundles ( f9e rods1 hair-l 9 appe>ance4 ,9 "o ( ^! bundles ,i c\nt #e small] rods4 ,! bundles are arrang$ 9 r[s simil> to ! patt]n s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia1 z describ$ else:]e4 ,! pat* ( v5tral armature pres]v$ belongs to ! abdom9al region4 ,a s+le r[ ( ! cresc5tic bundles measures #aa mm4 ,bo? scapul are pres]v$ 9 _! entire =m4 ,!y are q diff]5t f ^? ( any o!r g5us1 be+ broadly cresc5tic ) a po/]ior concavity & an ant]ior protub]ance4 ,! ant]ior surface ( bo? scapul is obscur$4 ,vascul> =am9a occur ne> ! base ( bo? scapul2 !re be+ ?ree ( !m 9 ! "r scapula1 arrang$ 9 ! =m ( an isosceles triangle4 ,! morphology ( ^! =am9a is unc]ta94 ,!y h nev] be5 obs]v$ among ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia1 &1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 !y are entirely unkn[n among high] v]tebrates4 ,! temnospondyl\s ,amphibia ( ! ,c>bonif]\s & ,p]mian possess1 9 ! cossifi$ scapula-coracoid1 ?ree =am9a1 v simil> to ! ones 9 ! pres5t =m1 b !y are conf9$ to ! coracoidal region &1 9 ! ,bran*iosauria1 z id5tifi$ by ,cr$n]1 ! coracoid is a free elem5t1 al?\gh ,i h nev] be5 sure ( its id5tity among ,am]ican =ms4 ,willi/on has call$ ^! =am9a ! gl5oid1 ! supragl5oid1 & ! supracoracoid =am9a 7,j\rnal ,geology1 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #g74 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 to be correlat$ ) ! ?ree =am9a above m5tion$1 s9ce 9 ! ,temnospondylia ! =am9a belong ) ! coracoid & n ) ! scapula4 ,! condition ( ! ,temnospondylia occurs 9 ! bony fi% ,xiphact9us audax ,leidy1 & an analog\s condition obta9s 9 ! reptiles1 z 9 ! ,mosasaurs & ,d9osaurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad;a4 ,skeleton ( ,mazon]peton longicaudatum ,moodie4 c1 c>pus2 cl1 clavicle2 cr1 caudal ribs2 cv1 caudal v]tebr2 h1 hum]us2 f1 femur2 or1 orbit2 r1 radius2 sp1 scl]otic plates2 sc1 scapula2 u1 ulna3 vs1 v5tral scutell4 ,f ,mazon ,creek4 ,orig9al 9 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,ne> ! out] edge ( ! "r scapula !re is a l>ge fragm5t pres]v$1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 mu/ be ! misplac$ clavicle4 ,x is obscurely triangul> or1 m exactly1 spatulate4 ,! int]clavicle is repres5t$ by fragm5ts only1 & seems to h _h a n>r[ =m4 ,! hum]i recall ^? ( ,micr]peton4 ,!y are some:at elongate & app>5tly cyl9drical 9 _! normal condition1 al?\gh some:at flatt5$ 9 ! fossil4 ,! %aft is consid]ably con/rict$ at ! middle & ! ends are exp&$1 9 :i* expansion ! l[] end exce$s4 ,! ends are abruptly truncate1 indicat+ a small am\nt ( endo*ondral ossification or its entire abs5ce4 ,! mesopodial elem5ts1 unlike :at is describ$ = ,cephal]peton1 are q dissimil> 9 =m1 recall+ ! condition 9 ,mesosaurus brasili5sis ,mc,gregor4 ,! l>g] elem5t is1 app>5tly1 ! ulna4 ,x has ! l[] end greatly exp&$ & ! %aft is curv$ outw>d1 resembl+ v mu* a reptilian ulna4 ,! radius is mu* small] ?an ! ulna1 lacks ! l[] expansion1 & is %ort] by #a mm4 ,! c>pus is repres5t$ m]ely by a blank space1 ) evid5ces ( impressions ( c>tilage 9 ! s&/one4 ,! h& ( ! "r side conta9s #d phalanges4 ,!re are #b phalanges pres]v$ 9 ! fir/ digit1 includ+ a %>p-po9t$ t]m9al phalanx1 & ! second digit has only ! metac>pal4 ,! ?ird has ! metac>pal & ! fir/ phalanx1 :i* does n diff] 9 =m1 b only 9 size1 f ! metac>pal4 ,! f\r? digit conta9s only ! metac>pal4 ,( ! left h& !re are portions ( #c digits pres]v$1 includ+ #c metac>pals & a phalanx1 :i* 9 /ructure are n diff]5t f ^? ( ! "r h&4 ,! ilium ( ! left side is pres]v$1 app>5tly entire4 ,x is elongate & cyl9drical1 its upp] end adjo9+ ! tw5ty-eigh? v]tebra4 ,! head ( ! femur lies close to ! l[] end ( ! ilium1 s t t elem5t mu/ h be5 susp5d$ 9 ! fle%1 mu* z 9 mod]n salam&]s4 ,x c\ld n h be5 ( mu* use z a support = ! body4 ,! =m ( ! femur is n unlike t describ$ = ! hum]us1 save t its l[] end is small] ?an ! upp]1 :ile 9 ! hum]us ! extremities are ( equal diamet]4 ,a portion ( ! "r femur is pres]v$1 ext5d+ 9 an opposite direction to ! left4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #fd ,l5g? ( portion ( skull pres]v$ #f4e ,po/]ior wid? ( same #g ,wid? across orbits #aa ,long diamet] ( orbit #c ,transv]se diamet] ( orbit #a4ge ,int]orbital wid? #d4ge ,l5g? ( dorsal v]tebr #dh ,l5g? ( caudal s]ies #aa ,l5g? ( ant]ior dorsal c5trum #b ,l5g? ( ant]ior dorsal rib #d ,l5g? ( ant]ior caudal rib #a4ge ,l5g? ( scapula #e ,greate/ wid? ( scapula #d4be ,probable l5g? ( int]clavicle #f ,wid? ( same #c ,l5g? ( clavicle #d4e ,wid? ( same #a4e ,l5g? ( "r hum]us #f ,di/al wid? ( same #b ,l5g? ( ulna #c4be ,di/al wid? ( same #a ,l5g? ( radius #c ,wid? ( c>pal space #b ,l5g? ( metac>pal #a4gd ,l5g? ( fir/ phalanx #a4ge ,l5g? ( di/al phalanx ( "r h& 4#ce ,numb] ( *evron rods 9 #a mm4 #d ,l5g? ( ilium #b4be ,l5g? ( femur #d ,proximal wid? ( femur #a4ej ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cda1 pl4 #b1 fig4 #c2 pl4 #h1 fig4 #d2 pl4 #i1 fig4 #b2 pl4 #aj4 #aiab4 ,! rema9s on :i* ! pres5t species is bas$ are inclos$ 9 a mu* fractur$ nodule4 ,! p>ts ( ! animal :i* h be5 id5tifi$ are3 a "p ( ! skull & left m&ible1 two clavicles1 a hum]us1 impressions ( sev]al v]tebr1 a portion ( ! dorsal region ( ! body ) sev]al ribs1 two portions ( ! caudal region ) sev]al ribs & unid5tifi$ fragm5ts4 7,plate #d1 fig4 #c47 ,! animal1 f ! %ape & =m ( ! ribs1 is und\bt$ly a bran*iosaurian1 s9ce %ort1 heavy1 /raight ribs h n yet be5 f\nd to be associat$ ) o!r ?an bran*iosaurian /ructures4 ,x is plac$ 9 ! g5us ,mazon]peton on acc\nt ( ! /ructure ( ! pectoral elem5ts1 ! =m ( ! hum]us1 & ! l5g? ( ! tail1 all ( :i* agree 9 /ructure ) ,mazon]peton longicaudatum4 ,! animal atta9$1 p]haps1 a l5g? ( #d4e in*es1 :ile t ( ,m4 longicaudatum 0 ab\t #c in*es4 ,! tail 9 ! pres5t species is v long & sl5d]1 m elongate ?an 9 any o!r kn[n bran*iosaurian4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad;b4 ,skeleton ( ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 #a4e4 ,orig9al 9 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum1 dv1 dorsal v]tebra2 *1 neutral sp9es2 cl1 clavicle2 cv1 caudal v]tebr2 f1 femur3 h1 hum]us2 m1 m&ible2 rb1 rib2 sk1 skull2 v1 v]tebr4 ,! "p ( ! skull pres]v$ is v unsatisfactory &1 aside f ! fact t x seems to repres5t ! "u side ( ! left half ( ! skull1 little c be said4 ,?ree sutures c be obs]v$1 b :at sutures !y are is undet]m9$4 ,! left m&ible lies cru%$ on ! edge ( ! skull & p>tially obscures :at little !re is ( t /ructure4 ,! slightly curv$ impression1 f :i* ! bone has be5 ei!r brok5 or wea!r$1 measures #ac mm4 9 l5g? by #c mm4 9 po/]ior diamet] by #a mm4 9 ant]ior diamet]4 ,^! measurem5ts %[ ! elem5t to h be5 sl5d] & po9t$ ant]iorly4 ,v little accurate in=mation c be d]iv$ f ! /udy ( ! v]tebral column ( ! specim51 nor c ! dorsal v]tebral =mula be made out1 s9ce only a portion ( ! l5g? ( t region is pres]v$ & only a few r indef9ite impressions c be disc]n$4 ,^! impressions %[ ! v]tebr to be %ort & high] ?an 9 mo/ ,bran*iosauria4 ,! caudal s]ies is repres5t$ by two sections1 "o ( :i* is1 app>5tly1 f ne> ! base ( ! tail1 judg+ f ! size ( ! caudal ribs pres]v$2 ! o!r is f ne> ! tip ( ! tail1 & %[s ! con/itu5ts to h be5 long & sl5d]4 ,ribs are app>5tly abs5t on ?is section4 ,! position ( ! two caudal sections %[s t :5 ! animal di$ x 0 coil$ up mu* l a snake1 s t 9 ! fractur$ nodule ?ree sections ( ! body are visible4 ,! tail 0 probably half z long aga9 z ! body4 ,! ribs ?r\gh\t ! body are %ort1 heavy1 & /raight1 )1 9 ! dorsal s]ies1 a lat]al & a di/al expansion :i* is tak5 z a di/9ctive specific "*4 ,judg+ f imp]fect impressions 9 ! dorsal s]ies1 ! ribs 7 atta*$ to a transv]se process ( ! c5trum1 ?us agree+ ) o!r bran*iosaurians 9 ?is respect4 ,! ribs %[ a progressive decrease 9 l5g? f ! c]vical region to ! po9t ( _! disappe>ance on ! tail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #e #a4 ,a recon/ruction ( ! possible appe>ance 9 life ( ! ,coal ,measures bran*iosaurian1 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie1 a small1 primitive salam&]1 less ?an #b in*es 9 l5g?1 bas$ on ?ree specim5s f ! ,mazon ,creek ,%ales4 ,! lat]al-l9e organs are repres5t$ z d>k b&s on ! tail1 ! s5se-organs be+1 app>5tly1 situat$ b5ea? specializ$ pigm5t$ scales1 to :i* is due ! pres]vation ( ! l9es4 #b4 ,a re/oration1 natural size1 ( ! bran*iosaurian1 ,mazon]peton1 bas$ on two specim5s4 ,! =m ( ! animal is q salam&]-l4 ,x is %[n :5 ab\t to fe$ on a specim5 ( ,acan?otelson /impsoni1 :i* is said to be a bracki%-wat] cru/acean4 ,! bran*iosaur & cru/acean may possibly h inhabit$ ! same body ( wat]4 ,! pectoral girdle is repres5t$ by two elem5ts1 "o ( :i* is c]ta9ly ! "r clavicle1 & ! o!r is possibly ! left clavicle1 ?\gh its =m is some:at di/ort$ by pressure4 ,bo? elem5ts are 9 ! =m ( an elongate spatula ) ! dorsal surface greatly concave & ! inn] end acum9ate4 ,! "r hum]us is imp]fectly pres]v$1 ?\gh ! impression all[s "o to ga9 an exact idea ( its =m4 ,x lies "u ! "r clavicle4 ,its ends are truncate ) a contract$ %aft & exp&$ extremities2 ! bone 0 app>5tly holl[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,a4 ,impression ( ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie4 bb1 basibran*ial2 hyp1 hypohyals2 m1 m&ible2 d1 body impression4 #c4 ,b4 ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 a1 anus2 f1 femur2 h1 hum]us2 91 inte/9e2 l1 liv]2 /1 /oma*2 r1 radius2 u1 ulna4 #c4c4 ,c4 ,l>g] specim5 ( ,eumicr]peton p>vum ,moodie4 a1 anus2 d1 dorsal lat]al-l9e2 h1 hum]us2 91 inte/9e2 ml1 m$ian lat]al-l9e2 /1 /oma*4 #b4f4 ,d4 ,skeleton ( ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie4 cl1 clavicle2 h1 hum]us2 r1 radius2 sc1 scapula2 u1 ulna4 #b4 ,e4 ,rib ( ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 #b4e4 ,orig9als 9 ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,9 ano!r nodule 7,no4 #hjd1 ,yale ,museum7 !re is a s+le bone pres]v$ :i* resembles1 to a great ext5t1 a rib ( ! pres5t species 7fig4 #ae1 ,e71 al?\gh some:at l>g]1 & x has be5 provisionally id5tifi$ z su*4 ,! elem5t is v slightly curv$1 b %[s ! exp&$ head ( ! rib ( ?is species4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,mazon]peton co/atum ,moodie4 ,no4 #hjj 7#ggg71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum3 mm4 ,l5g? ( portion ( skull pres]v$ #ad ,l5g? ( "r clavicle #af ,wid? ( "r clavicle #d ,l5g? ( dorsal region repres5t$ #cj ,l5g? ( c]vical rib #h ,l5g? ( dorsal rib #f-e ,l5g? ( caudal rib #c ,l5g? ( caudal portion ( body pres]v$ #ee ,l5g? ( m&ible #ae ,greate/ wid? #f ,l5g? ( "r hum]us #aj ,greate/ wid? ( hum]us #b ,no4 #hjd 7#ccb71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum3 ,l5g? ( rib #aa ,wid? ( head ( rib #b ,diamet] ( %all #a ,sp>odus sp4 7874 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,sue4 ,london1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fdc1 pl4 #dj1 figs4 #eb to #ef1 #ahhb4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,,xii1 p4 #ge4 #aie4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,! mat]ial on :i* ! above det]m9ation is bas$ 0 collect$ 9 #ahgh by ,sir ,j4 ,w4 ,dawson 9 ! coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,no?+ has be5 collect$ s9ce t date t w\ld give additional in=mation z to ! nature ( ! =m repres5t$4 ,i give "h ,dawson's description ( ! rema9s3 ,9 ! coaly matt] or m9]al *>coal at ! base ( tree ,no4 #aj appe>$ a few fragm5ts ( an animal :i* may possibly belong to ! above-nam$ g5us ( ,frits*1 ?\gh ,i am by no means c]ta9 ( ?is id5tification or ( ! real nature ( ! animal4 ,! skull is repres5t$ by a fragm5t ( a maxill>y or int]maxill>y bone1 ) blunt conical tee?4 ,x is smoo? or m>k$ m]ely ) microscopic dots4 ,!re is also a fragm5t :i* may be a palatal bone /udd$ ) m9ute tee?4 ,a few v]tebr associat$ ) ! above bones are long & n>r[1 ) l>ge zygapophyses & long neural sp9es4 ,l5g? ( body 7i4e41 ( ! v]tebra7 ab\t #c millimet]s4 ,) ^! rema9s are a few bony scales diff]5t f ^? ( any o!r species f\nd 9 ^! trees1 & m resembl+ scales ( ,ganoid ,fi%es4 ,!y are some:at rectangul> 9 =m1 enamel$ on ! surface & beautifully sculptur$ ) wav+ l9es4 ,9 ! same trunk 7 f\nd "s tee? & bones ref]able to ,hyl]peton dawsoni1 & x is n impossible t ! rema9s above ref]r$ to may h belong$ to "s creature dev\r$ by t animal1 & :i* w\ld n o!rwise h obta9$ admission to ! int]ior ( an erect tree4 ,! tree itself _h be5 remov$ by ! sea1 all b a little ( ! base1 & ?is 0 9 a v unsatisfactory /ate1 s t d\bt might ev5 exi/ z to ! limit betwe5 ! deposit 9 ! int]ior ( ! tree & t "u its base4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae;a4 ,type mat]ial ( ,sp>odus1 consi/+ ( a1 a too? 7 #be72 b1 f\r ( ! small] tee? 79 maxilla87 7 #be72 c1 ?ree bony scales 7 #e72 d1 fragm5t ( a limb bone 7 #b72 e1 a v]tebra 7 #b74 7,aft] ,dawson47 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ord] ,,caudata ,,dum,,ril1 #ahjf4 ,,coal ,,measures ,,to ,,rec5t4 ,nak$-sk9n$1 elongate1 tail$ salam&]s1 mud-puppies1 efts1 newts1 etc4 ,ext]nal gills pres5t or abs5t 9 adult condition1 b always pres5t 9 "y4 ,limbs %ort1 ) usually #d digits on h& & #e on foot1 b ?is is subject to mu* diff]5ce4 ,limbs nev] v /\t4 ,c>pus & t>sus c>tilag9\s4 ,skull ro( )\t ! po/p>ietal1 po/orbital1 & supratemporal4 ,skull elem5ts nev] ornam5t$ & nev] cut by ! lat]al-l9e canals4 ,v]tebr consi/+ ( a s+le elem5t2 ribs %ort1 atta*$ to an elongate transv]se process4 ,caudal ribs seldom pres5t4 ,p>ietal =am5 lack+4 ,no v5tral armature4 ,fre%-wat] inhabitants4 ,subord] ,,proteida ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,?is ord] agrees g5]ally ) ! ,caudata1 b pres5ts "o mo/ important feature ( diff]5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( ! opi/hotic4 ,x is ?is po9t :i* gives ! ,proteida its int]m$iate position betwe5 ! ext9ct amphibians & ! rec5t species1 & seems to indicate a connect+ l9e f ! ,coal ,measures d[n to ! pres5t4 ,! /ructure ( ! hyobran*ial ar*es su/a9s ?is view4 ,! hyoid app>atus diff]s f t ( o!r adult ,caudata & resembles t ( _! l>v 9 hav+ ?ree epibran*ials1 in/ead ( "o only4 ,! second basibran*ial is also connect$ ) ! fir/1 :i* is n ! case ) ! o!r ,caudata4 ,?ree ext9ct g5]a are plac$ t5tatively 9 ?is subord]4 ,family ,,cocyt9id ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #a1 p4 #ab1 #ahge4 ,! pres5t family1 z "h def9$1 includes ! =ms ^: /ructure seems to ally !m ) ! mod]n salam&]s4 ,! "* on :i* mo/ dep5d5ce is plac$ is t ( ! bran*ial app>atus1 lack+ 9 ,hyphasma4 ,! =ms are all incompletely kn[n & ! family w d\btless require revision on acquisition ( additional mat]ial4 ,?ree g5]a1 ea* ) a s+le species1 are3 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope4 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,bas$ on ! v5tral impression ( ! skull1 ) ! well-develop$ bran*ial app>atus4 ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie4 ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 %ales4 ,bas$ on impression ( m&ibles & bran*ial app>atus4 ,hyphasma lvis ,cope4 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,bas$ on incomplete & obscure amphibian body1 lack+ limbs4 ,g5us ,,cocyt9us ,cope1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahga1 #agg4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #cfj1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope4 ,v]tebr & ribs osse\s2 tee? on ! premaxill>y bone1 none on ! maxill>y2 hyoid elem5ts l>gely develop$1 an axialhyal ) basihyal on ea* side1 closely unit$ ) ! correspond+ c]atohyal1 at ! end ( :i* is an elem5t 9 ! position ( a /ylohyal2 hmal or basibran*ials #c1 ! ant]ior #b1 ea* support+ i pleural bran*ihyal1 & ! ?ird support+ "o also1 ! fir/ hmal bran*ihyal on ! inn] side ( ! c]atohyal1 approa*+ ! m$ian l9e1 & ) elongate pleural elem5t4 ,! ref]5ce by ,cope ( ?is g5us to ! ,caudata is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ facts connect$ ) ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia4 ,he says3 ,! pres5t g5us is1 !n1 to be ref]r$ to ! neighborhood ( ,amphiuma & ,protonopsis1 b =m+ ! type ( ano!r family 7#abc74 ,he reg>ds ! bran*ial app>atus z be+ m fi%-l ?an t ( any ( ! mod]n g5]a4 ,x is possible t ,cocyt9us gyr9oides 0 a l>val bran*iate & consequ5tly aquatic =m4 ,x %\ld be m fully comp>$ ) ,eri]peton bran*ialis f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales :5 bett] kn[n1 z well z ) ,hyphasma lvis f ! ,l9ton locality4 ,all ?ree ( ^! =ms are includ$1 provisionally1 "u ! ,cocyt9id4 ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xii1 p4 #agg1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #bgh1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cfd-cfe1 pl4 xxxix1 fig4 #d1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfac ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,obv]se ( ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #b4 pmx1 premaxill3 mx1 maxilla2 m1 m&ible2 ah1 axialhyal2 h1 basal bran*ihyal2 *1 c]atohyal2 bv1 hmal bran*ihyal2 b1 b,i,i1 b,i,i,i1 b,i,i,i,i1 pleural bran*ihyals4 ,two specim5s ( ?is int]e/+ amphibian are kn[n1 "o ( !m fairly complete 7,no4 #befd1 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/474 ,! type specim5 consi/s ( ! inf]ior bones ( ! cranium 9 a fairly complete /ate ( pres]vation1 ) ! muzzle & its tee?2 also #h ant]ior v]tebr1 ) _! %ort recurv$ ribs4 ,! condition ( ! hyal elem5ts 9 ! type specim5 is z foll[s3 ! hmal elem5ts ( ! fir/ bran*ial ar* are p>tially conceal$ on bo? sides ( ! c]atohyal4 ,an exp&$ truncate face = atta*m5t to ! axial elem5t is visible on bo? sides1 b ! body ( ! bone is flat & pres5ts ! edge ( ! specim54 ,! fir/ pleural elem5t proce$s f j beh9d ! axialhyal2 x is long] ?an ! o!r pleural elem5ts4 ,a sl5d] bone is visible ext5d+ f ! space betwe5 ! c]atohyal & m&ibul> angle2 x may1 !re=e1 p]ta9 to ! susp5sorium ( ! jaw z well z to t ( ! hyiod ar*1 or be squamosal z well z /ylohyal4 ,! second hmal bone is sl5d]1 b ) an enl>g$ axial extremity2 t ( ! "r side is n s well pres]v$ z to be safely det]m9$4 ,! ?ird hmal elem5ts are ! smalle/1 & orig9ate imm$iately 9 front ( ! occipital condyles & div]ge outw>ds & backw>ds4 ,!y are little curv$1 subcyl9dric1 & slightly exp&$ at ! extremities4 ,( ! pleural elem5ts ! fir/ & second are little curv$ & ! fir/ is m>k$ by a pit or =am5 on ! "u side ne> ! di/al end1 :i* is cle>ly visible on bo? sides ( ! specim54 ,! ?ird & f\r? pleurals are m curv$ & ! out] ends slightly exp&$ & direct$ backw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #f ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow54 ,m&ibles1 p>ts ( ant]ior extremities1 hum]us1 etc4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! obv]se ( ! specim5 7fig4 #af7 %[s t ! ant]ior axialhyal is w$ge-%ap$4 ,! lat]al basihyals are massive4 ,! second hmal bran*ihyal is dilat$1 fan-%ap$ di/ally1 & supports two pleural elem5ts4 ,! muzzle projects ov] ! l[] jaw & 0 r broadly truncate4 ,! premaxill>y tee? are cyl9dric & #f 9 numb] on ea* side4 ,! maxill>y bone is repres5t$ by a lam9a at ea* lat]al extremity ( ! premaxill>y4 ,! m&ibul> rami are v /\t1 z are also ! c]atohyals4 ,! v]tebr h possess$ "s apophyses1 app>5tly keel-%ap$ diapophyses4 ,! ribs are slightly curv$4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #cb ,l5g? ( skull #ab ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #aa ,l5g? ( premaxilla #e ,l5g? ( m&ible #aj ,l5g? ( axialhyal #c ,l5g? ( po/bran*ial #d ,wid? ( v]tebra #a ,l5g? ( v]tebra #c ,l5g? ( rib #f ,! o!r specim5 ( ?is species 7fig4 #af;a7 is int]e/+ 9 hav+ #dj consecutive v]tebr pres]v$1 & #ai pairs ( ribs atta*$ 9 _! natural relations to ! skull & hyal elem5ts4 ,!re are a few hyal elem5ts pres]v$1 b no?+ is add$ to our previ\s k4 ,! ribs are q z 9 ! type specim51 z are also ! v]tebr4 ,! animal 0 app>5tly a sl5d]1 eel-%ap$ amphibian comp>+ favorably ) ! mod]n ,amphiuma 9 ?is respect4 ,!re are no indications ( limbs or limb girdles4 ,fig4 #af;a4 ,ne>ly complete specim5 ( ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #j4ie4 ,measurem5ts 7,no4 #befd1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory74 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #aac ,l5g? ( skull #ae ,wid? ( head po/]ior #ae4e ,l5g? ( v]tebra #b ,l5g? ( rib #d ,g5us ,,eri]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cbh1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s are f\nd1 fir/ ( all1 9 ! pres5ce ( hyobran*ial ar*es :i* indicate its relation%ip to ! =m]ly describ$ ,cocyt9us gyr9oides ,cope1 f ,ohio4 ,! only o!r kn[n ext9ct g5]a ( ,caudata :i* possess1 or at lea/ h pres]v$1 ! hyobran*ial ar*es are ! ,jurassic ,hylobatra*us f ,belgium & ,lysorophus f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,! pres5t =m is widely di/9ct f bo? ( ^! g5]a 9 ! %ape ( ! m&ible & ! =m & arrangem5t ( ! hyobran*ial b>s4 ,! g5us ,eri]peton f9ds its close/ ally 9 ,cocyt9us1 9 ! family ,cocyt9id1 :i* possibly belongs 9 ! ord] ,caudata & ! subord] ,proteida ( ,cope4 ,eri]peton bran*ialis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cbi-ccj1 pl4 #a1 fig4 #c2 pl4 #b1 fig4 ,i1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hja 7#bbb7 #e1 ,yale ,univ]sity1 ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! amphibian rema9s designat$ by ! above "n consi/ ( a di/9ct m&ible & "s r indef9ite body impressions 7plate #c1 fig4 #d74 ,?ree elongate impressions occur betwe5 ! rami ( ! m&ibles 7fig4 #ae1 ,a71 :i*1 ,i suppose1 mu/ repres5t hyoid bones belong+ to ! hyobran*ial ar*es4 ,! lat]al elem5ts are pair$ & ! m$ian impression is /raight & lies betwe5 ! pair$ impressions ( ! hyoids4 ,! pair$ portions probably repres5t ! hypohyals or hypohyals plus ! c]atohyals1 & ! unpair$ portion ( ! fir/ basibran*ial1 accord+ to ! nom5clature ( ,wi$]%eim 7,comp>ative ,anatomy ( ,v]tebrates1 #ahig1 p4 #hf74 ,if ! impressions h be5 correctly int]pret$ ! pres5t specim5 is ( v great int]e/1 s9ce x is ! fir/ evid5ce we h ( ! hyobran*ial ar*es 9 ! ,amphibia ( ,mazon ,creek1 & ! second 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,dawson d\btfully id5tifi$ 7#baf7 "s elem5ts ( ! ,jogg9s ,amphibia z hyoids1 b 0 unc]ta9 z to _! position4 ,cope describ$ fully ! well-develop$ hyobran*ial app>atus ( ,cocyt9us gyr9oides 7#abc7 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,among o!r ,paleozoic ,amphibia ,willi/on 7#fad7 has describ$ bran*ial ar*es 9 ! peculi> =m ,lysorophus tric>9atus ,cope1 f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,! =m ( ! impression ( ! m&ible 9 ! pres5t specim5 is unlike any?+ kn[n to ! writ] among o!r ,c>bonif]\s or lat] ,amphibia4 ,! rami are long1 sl5d]1 deep1 slightly curv$1 & po9t$ ant]iorly4 ,! ant]ior symphysis 0 n a complete sutural union1 b 0 occupi$ p>tly by c>tilage or o!r connective tissue4 ,!re are no def9ite traces ( ! app5dicul> skeleton4 ,! traces ( ! body 7fig4 #ae1 ,a7 indicate an elongat$1 r sl5d] animal1 b fur!r ?an ?is no?+ c be said 9 reg>d to its /ructure4 ,! occurr5ce ( a typically caudate =m 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s is unusual & complicates /ill fur!r our und]/&+ ( ! orig9 & relation%ips ( ! e>ly ,amphibia4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire impression #ej ,l5g? ( m&ible along m$ian l9e #aj ,wid? ( m&ibul> ramus #i ,l5g? ( basibran*ial #b4e ,wid? ( basibran*ial #j4ge ,l5g? ( hypohyal #b4d ,wid? ( hypohyal #a4e ,g5us ,,hyphasma ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,phil41 p4 #af1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chg1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,hyphasma lvis ,cope4 ,v]tebr osse\s1 ! po/]ior dorsals1 & probably ! caudals1 furni%$ ) fan-l neural sp9es2 limbs unkn[n--787 want+4 ,?oracic %ields pres5t4 ,v5tral armature1 consi/+ ( rhomboidal scuta1 =m+ pack$ r[s arrang$ 9 *evrons1 direct$ backw>ds1 on top ( :i* are ! usual rod-l scales arrang$ 9 pack$ *evrons1 ) ! angle direct$ =w>d4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! type ( ?is g5us is t ( a ,ptyonius1 b ! v5tral armature is diff]5t f any?+ obs]v$ 9 ! kn[n g5]a ( ?is gr\p4 ,! l>g] ext]nal scuta are l ^? ( ! species ( ,colo/eus 7,sauropleura71 b _! s]ies h a diff]5t direction4 ,! inn] *evrons are ^? ( _m o!r g5]a 7#abc74 ,hyphasma lvis ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,phil41 p4 #af1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio41 #aa1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chg1 pl4 #cg1 fig4 #d1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ijbc 79 c\nt]p>t71 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,9 ! only kn[n specim5 ! v]tebr h l[ & squ>ely truncate neural sp9es ne> ! head1 & "s di/ance ant]ior to ! tail !y are q conspicu\s & delicately l9e-groov$4 ,! body is sl5d] & probably limbless4 ,! ?oracic scuta are l>ge & close to ! head2 ! m$ian is produc$ at bo? ends1 b *iefly ant]iorly :ile ! lat]al are n>r[2 all are )\t sculpture ,! head is se5 f bel[4 ,! m&ibul> rami are n s sl5d] z 9 mo/ species ( ,ptyonius1 b are r /\t4 ,!y are a little incurv$ di/ally1 s t ! =m ( ! muzzle is some:at n>r[$1 b n produc$4 ,! tee? are n visible4 ,t5 r[s ( ! out] lay] ( scuta 9 #j4jje m4 7#abc74 ,! specim5 is v indi/9ctly pres]v$ & ! *>act]s giv5 by ,cope c n all be made out4 ,x is puzzl+ to see j on :at he bases 8 conclusion4 ,x is possible t ! specim5 is a poorly pres]v$ ,ptyonius4 ,! outl9es ( ! v]tebr are s indi/9ct t ,i am unc]ta9 ab\t !m4 ,9 c]ta9 lights !re appe> to be regul> impressions :i* resemble ! sp9es ( ! v]tebr ( ,ptyonius1 b !y are d\btful4 ,! skull appe>s totally di/9ct f any kn[n species ( ,ptyonius1 b x is v imp]fect4 ,! condition ( ! pectoral elem5ts is v unc]ta9 & ,i c n be sure t :at ,cope describ$ z ?oracic scuta are su*4 ,! int]clavicle1 h[ev]1 is cle>ly pres]v$ z a diamond-%ap$ /ructure4 ,x is almo/ smoo?1 ) a few fa9t radiat+ l9es ne> ! base4 ,x measures #e mm4 9 greate/ bread? by #h mm4 9 l5g?4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 z pres]v$ #fd ,l5g? ( skull #ae ,greate/ wid? ( skull #h ,wid? ( body #h ,l5g? ( #g c]vical v]tebr #ae ,l5g? ( m$ian ?oracic scuta #aj ,wid? ( same #d ,wid? ( clavicle #b ,l5g? ( m&ibul> ramus #ab ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,sali5tia1 ,,laur5ti1 #agfh4 7,_w-wide di/ribution47 ,nak$1 tailless ,amphibia ( compact =m1 & ) usually procl\s v]tebr4 ,caudal v]tebr coalesc$ into a sl5d] elongate piece1 ! uro/yle4 ,two elem5ts ( ! t>sus ossifi$ & greatly elongat$4 ,developm5t by metamorphosis2 gills nev] pres5t 9 adult4 ,ilium greatly elongat$4 ,! ord] is sugge/$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures by a s+le species1 kn[n f a s+le poorly pres]v$ specim5 7plate #bd1 fig4 #a74 ,! =m ,pelion lyelli ,wyman 0 ! fir/ kn[n ( ! ,l9ton ,amphibia1 & its /rik+ frog-l 7#abc1 #fci7 appe>ance 0 e>ly notic$4 ,!re is no assurance t ! species belongs ) ?is ord]1 b s9ce a well-develop$ & highly specializ$ frog 7#dhj1 #dha7 occurs 9 ! ,como ,b$s 7#dje7 ( ,wyom+1 x is n impossible t we may h 9 ! ,pelion lyelli a sugge/ion 7#dfj71 at lea/1 ( ! ance/ral /ructure4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! frogs h1 9 pa/ ages1 _h a mu* great] l5g? ( v]tebral column ?an !y possess at pres5t1 z is witness$ by ! coalesc5ce ( sev]al v]tebr to =m ! uro/yle4 ,x is sugge/$ t ! ance/ral v]tebral column is repres5t$ 9 ,pelion4 ,family ,,peliontid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #a1 p4 ,,ii1 #ahge4 ,! pres5t family includes b a s+le species1 t ( ,pelion lyelli ,wyman1 fir/ describ$ 9 #aheh 7#fdj71 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,! family *>act]s are to be f\nd 9 ! broad & obtusely r\nd$ cranium1 9 ! frog-l scapul> ar*1 ! frog-l h9d limb1 & 9 ! =m ( ! palate1 s f> z ^! /ructures h be5 pres]v$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! pres5t =m %[s decid$ aff9ities ) ! frogs ( to-day & x may possibly be look$ ^u z ! actual ance/or ( ! liv+ frogs4 ,! l5g? ( ! v]tebral column w\ld seem to militate aga9/ su* a relation%ip1 s9ce x is well kn[n t frogs h _h a %ort v]tebral column s9ce ! ,jurassic 7#dhj1 #dha74 ,b ?is is n a good argum5t1 s9ce ! develop+ uro/yles ( mod]n tadpoles %[ metam]ic f5e/rations 9 ! develop+ bone :i* d\btless correspond to op5+s betwe5 ! v]tebr4 ,! noto*ord ( ! tail is segm5t$1 app>5tly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( =m] v]tebral /ructure4 ,at any rate1 ! sugge/ion is an int]e/+ "o &1 :e!r su/a9$ or disprov51 ! pres5t discussion is bas$ on ! probabilities ( ! case4 ,g5us ,,pelion ,wyman1 #ahfh4 ,wyman1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#b71 ,,xxv1 p4 #afj1 #aheh 7,raniceps74 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phil41 #ahfh1 #baa 7,pelion1 sugge/$ 9 lett] to ,cope by ,wyman74 ,type3 ,pelion lyelli ,wyman4 ,! only specim5 ( ! species exhibits an inf]ior view ( a portion ( ! skeleton2 & ! obv]se1 on :i* ! ?oracic & abdom9al armor c\ld h be5 pres]v$1 has n come "u my obs]vation4 ,! specim51 h[ev]1 does n exhibit any ribs1 al?\gh ! v]tebr are well pres]v$4 ,z obs]v$ by ,pr(essor ,wyman1 ! g5us pres5ts "s po9ts ( simil>ity to ! ,anura 7,sali5tia74 ,! prolongation ( ! angles ( ! m&ible is ( ?is "*1 z well z ! g5]al =m ( ! head4 ,! bones ( ! =e>m may be unit$ z 9 ! frogs1 & ! l5g? & curvature ( ! femur are se5 among ^! animals r ?an ! ,salam&]s4 ,! =m ( ! femur is diff]5t f t ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 :i* also diff]s 9 ! pres5ce ( d]mal scales & v5tral scutell4 7#abc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #g ,hyl]peton dawsoni ,ow54 ,above3 ,m&ible1 tee?1 rib1 & bones ( extremity4 ,bel[3 ,bones ( pelvis & po/]ior limb & bony scales4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5s 9 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,pelion lyelli ,wyman4 ,wyman1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#b71 ,,xxv1 p4 #afj1 #aheh4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phil41 #ahfh1 p4 #baa4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cij1 pl4 ,,xxvi1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,pop4 ,sci4 ,mon?ly1 ,,lxxii1 p4 #efb1 fig4 #a1 #aijh4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #giji ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #bd1 fig4 #a47 ,?is 0 ! fir/ species describ$ f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 deposits4 ,x 0 made kn[n by ,dr4 ,wyman 9 #aheg at ! meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce = t ye>4 ,! species 0 subsequ5tly /udi$ by ,cope4 ,he m]ely confirm$ ,wyman's obs]vations4 ,! foll[+ description is bas$ on ! descriptions ( ,cope & ,wyman & on my own /udy ( ! type specim54 ,?is is ! mo/ frog-l1 9 appe>ance at lea/1 ( all ! ,amphibia :i* h s f> be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,! skull especially has a %ape :i* is /rik+ly frog-l1 & ! long h9d limbs l5d fur!r lik5ess to ! tailless =ms4 ,pelion may h be5 a jump+ creature1 if we may judge f its long h9d legs4 ,wyman & ,cope h bo? call$ att5tion to ! frog-l appe>ance ( ! specim51 & ?is is app>5t at ! fir/ glance4 ,x is probable t ! resemblance has "s significance z to ! ance/ry ( ! ,sali5tia1 & x may indicate ! fir/ /ep 9 ! orig9 ( ! tailless ,amphibia4 ,x is possible t ! frogs began to be sep>at$ f ! o!r ,amphibia dur+ ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,! fir/ frogs we "k are f ! ,jurassic1 :]e !y are well-develop$ ranids4 ,if ,pelion be a frog ance/or1 !n ! hi/ory ( ! gr\p f ! ,coal ,measures to ,jurassic is an unkn[n /ory4 ,! specim5 is pres]v$ on its back & x is ?us impossible to tell z to ! /ructure ( ! skull4 ,cope 0 ( ! op9ion t ! depress$ areas on ! sides ( ! elongate p>asph5oid 7 ! orbits1 & if s ! resemblance to ! frogs is mu* m /rik+4 ,9 ! frogs !re is a /rong process f ! pt]ygoid :i* projects inw>d to meet a correspond+ process f ! p>asph5oid4 ,?is =ms a heavy rod beh9d ! palat9e vacuity4 ,!re is a heavy rod repres5t$ 9 ! specim5 & a "p ( x is c]ta9ly ! ext]nal process ( ! p>asph5oid1 b :e!r x is to be int]pret$ z 9 ! frog is an op5 "q4 ,! outl9e ( ! cranium is p>tially obscur$ by ! m&ibles1 b ! ant]ior "p is repres5t$ by a rais$ l9e1 z %[n 9 figure #ag4 ,9 ! ant]ior "p ( ?is space !re are two ridges :i* may be too? ridges4 ,if !y are tee? !re is a great simil>ity to ! premaxill>y & vom]9e tee? ( ,necturus1 s9ce ! ridges are widely sep>at$ at ! m$ian l9e & approximat$ di/ally1 z !y are 9 ,necturus4 ,! m&ible is pres]v$ entire & its =m is /rik+ly frog-l4 ,its po/]ior angles project ov] ! quadrate area & seem to h _h an upturn$ projection su* z is f\nd 9 ! m&ibles ( ! ,crocodilia4 ,!re are impressions ( #bj v]tebr pres]v$1 & !y cov] a little m ?an half ( ! presacral region4 ,!re may h be5 #bh to #cj presacrals4 ,! v]tebr1 z pres]v$1 are some:at quadrate 9 outl9e & con/rict$ at ! middle1 z ?\gh !y 7 ( ! typical microsaurian type4 ,no ribs are pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,pelion lyelli ,wyman1 an amphibian f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio1 ! suppos$ ance/ral sali5tian4 7,aft] ,wyman47 #j4ge4 pmx1 premaxilla2 pv1 palat9e vacuity2 m1 m&ible2 sc1 scapula-coracoid2 h1 hum]us2 r-u1 radius & ulna2 f1 femur2 t1 tibia4 ,!re is an impression ant]ior to ! "r hum]us :i* may repres5t a "p ( ! pectoral girdle1 b its =m is s obscure t x c n be det]m9$4 ,! pelvic girdle is entirely want+ 9 ! specim54 ,rema9s ( ! =e & h9d limbs are pres]v$4 ,! arms are especially well pres]v$ & consi/ ( a /rong hum]us1 a sep>ate radius & ulna1 & phalanges1 ! c>pus hav+ und\bt$ly be5 c>tilag9\s1 s9ce !re are no traces ( c>pal bones4 ,wyman has figur$ a small ossicle 7fig4 #ag7 :i* might be int]pret$ z a c>pal1 b x is fur!r remov$ f ! c>pal region ?an 8 figure %[s & ,i w\ld int]pret x z a fragm5t ( a phalange1 s9ce ! fir/ digit seems to be turn$ aside ov] ! v]tebral column4 ,! "r h& is b imp]fectly pres]v$1 b ! left h& is ne>ly entire4 ,!re are evid5ces ( #d digits1 possibly #e4 ,! metac>pals are elongate & r /\t4 ,! phalanges ( ! di/al s]ies h be5 lo/1 s ! phalangeal =mula c n be det]m9$4 ,on ! :ole1 ! h& has a v broad aspect & is n at all sl5d]1 z 9 ! majority ( ! microsaurians f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,x resembles 9 a great measure ! broad h& ( a toad & may ?us be indicative ( a t]re/rial life4 ,! hum]us is well develop$ & has pron\nc$ swell+s1 z ?\gh = ! atta*m5t ( /rong muscles4 ,^! indications w\ld favor ! view ( ! animal be+ a l& dwell]4 ,! femur & a "p ( ! tibia 787 ( ! "r side are all !re is pres]v$ ( ! h9d limb4 ,^! elem5ts %[ ! leg to h be5 q long1 ?\gh weak] ?an ! =e limb4 ,! femur has a l>ge di/al articul> surface4 ,! fibula is1 app>5tly1 abs5t1 ?\gh x may simply be lo/4 ,! g5us ,pelion /&s alone among ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia4 ,! =m c n be plac$ 9 ! ord] ,bran*iosauria on acc\nt ( ! well-develop$ limb bones & ! l>ge m&ible4 ,x may belong ) ! ,microsauria4 ,i h plac$ x "u ! ,sali5tia 9 ! hope ( le>n+ m ab\t ! e>ly relatives ( ! tailless =ms4 ,!re is no assurance at all t x is ev5 ance/ral to ! ,sali5tia1 b ! resemblances are /rik+4 ,! foll[+ gives ! measurem5ts ( ! type specim5s3 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,specim54,b mm4 ,l5g? ( specim51 z pres]v$ #aaj ,m$ian l5g? ( ! skull #bd ,wid? across ! m&ibul> angles #be ,greate/ wid? ( skull #cj ,l5g? ( v]tebral column f occiput to sacral region #hj ,l5g? ( left hum]us #ai ,wid? ( di/al end ( left hum]us #e4e ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #aa4e ,wid? ( di/al end ( radius #b ,l5g? ( digit ,,ii1 z pres]v$ #af ,l5g? ( digit ,,iii1 z pres]v$ #ad ,l5g? ( femur #bd ,wid? ( di/al end ( femur #d ,l5g? ( tibia #ah ,footnote ,b3 ,! type specim5 0 collect$ 9 #aheg by ,dr4 ,john ,v4 ,laud]dale1 :o pres5t$ x to ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,subclass ,,lepospondylia ,,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,,coal ,,measures ,,to ,,p]mian4 7,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica47 ,! gr\p is "h def9$ accord+ to ! ,engli% edition ( ,zittel's ,text ,book ( ,paleontology1 #aijb1 p4 #abe4 ,noto*ord p]si/5t & enclos$ 9 con/rict$ bony cyl9d]s1 h\r-glass-%ap$ 9 longitud9al section4 ,tee? simple1 conical1 holl[4 ,accord+ to ,zittel !re are two families1 ! ,microsaurid & ! ,ai/opodid4 ,! latt] family is dealt ) "u ,ai/opoda 7p4 #gf7 & x is !re %[n t ! gr\p is 9 no wise a valid "o4 ,! =m] family is reg>d$ z an ord] & is fully entitl$ to t rank4 ,z def9$ "h ! subclass ,lepospondylia conta9s b a s+le ord]1 ! ,microsauria4 ,ext9ct1 t]re/rial1 aquatic1 or semi-aquatic amphibians2 skull pitt$ & groov$ by lat]al-l9e canals & by sculptur+ m>ks1 or ! skull may be smoo?2 tee? pres5t on mo/ ( ! palate bones2 exoccipitals c>tilag9\s or calcifi$1 nev] completely osse\s2 scl]otic plates sometimes pres5t2 skull ( v>i\s %apes4 ,v]tebr ) noto*ord l>gely p]si/5t1 h\r-glass-%ap$2 neural sp9es l[ or high1 or abs5t2 ribs int]c5tral & s+le-head$1 ) an incipi5t tub]cle 9 "s =ms2 v]tebral column diff]5tiat$ into dorsal & caudal s]ies2 c]vical s]ies n cle>ly def9$4 ,limb bones ) well-ossifi$ p]i*ondrium1 endo*ondrium p>tly ossifi$2 epiphyses abs5t2 c>pus & t>sus 7t>sus osse\s 9 two species7 c>tilag9\s2 phalanges claw$ or n2 digits #d 9 h& & #e 9 foot4 ,pubis sometimes calcifi$ b nev] osse\s4 ,def9ition ( ! ,ord] ,microsauria ,dawson1 #ahfc4 ,coal ,measures ,& ,p]mian4 7,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica47 ,liz>d-l1 sometimes longicaudate1 /egocephal\s1 lepospondyl\s1 ambulatory or legless amphibians2 skull bones usually sculptur$ ) pits & grooves2 lat]al-l9e canals well develop$ on skull bones2 skull ) horns f tabul>e & supratemporals or )\t horns2 bran*i nev] p]si/5t2 scl]otic plates pres5t2 orbits usually well =w>d4 ,v]tebr h\r-glass-%ap$2 endo*ondral bone weakly develop$ ?r\gh\t skeleton1 especially 9 v]tebr2 noto*ord l>gely p]si/5t2 neural sp9es l[ & rudim5t>y or long1 fan-%ap$1 & highly ornam5t$4 ,dorsal s]ies ( v]tebral column v>iable2 usually f #bb to #cj2 tail conta9+ sometimes ov] #ge v]tebr1 or tail v %ort ) #b weakly develop$ v]tebr2 caudal ribs pres5t1 9 ^? =ms ) long caudal s]ies ! di/al v]tebr sometimes exhibit+ #b pleuroc5tra4 ,ribs long & curv$1 always int]c5tral 9 position1 s+le-head$1 ) at times an incipi5t tub]cle4 ,pectoral girdle compos$ ( scapul1 clavicles1 coracoids1 & int]clavicle4 ,pelvic girdle compos$ ( osse\s rod-l ilium1 plate-l is*ium2 pubis c>tilag9\s1 sometimes calc9$4 ,limbs pres5t or want+ or weakly develop$1 sometimes pres5t 9 front & want+ beh9d4 ,radius & ulna & tibia & fibula free2 c>pus & t>sus usually c>tilag9\s2 digits #d 9 h& & #e 9 foot1 t]m9al phalanges sometimes claw$4 ,phalangeal =mula = ! h& #b-b-c-b1 = ! foot #b-b-c-d-c4 ,abdom5 cov]$ ) d]mal armature compos$ ( osse\s or corne\s rods or scutes2 ov]lapp+ scales1 fi%-l 9 appe>ance1 sometimes pres5t ov] ! entire body2 body also cov]$ ) liz>d-l scales or nak$4 ,! ord] ,microsauria 0 e/abli%$ by ,sir ,william ,dawson 9 #ahfc 7#bjh7 z a family ( reptiles = ! reception ( ! g5]a ,hylonomus1 ,hyl]peton1 ,smil]peton1 & ,frits*ia4 ,hylonomus lyelli is ! type species ( ! ord]4 ,dawson 7#baf1 p4 #fce7 says ( ! species ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson3 ,x is ! type ( ! g5us ,hylonomus & ( ! family ,microsauria4 ,! =ms :i* h be5 ref]r$ to ! g5us ,hylonomus1 & h5ce to ! ord] ,microsauria1 f ! deposits ( ,europe are discuss$ "u ,hylonomus4 ,! ,microsauria h be5 reg>d$ by ! writ] & o!rs z be+ ance/ral 9 a s5se to "s ( ! lat] reptiles 7#dfi71 b !re seem to be insup]able ob/acles 9 ! way ( a direct d]ivation ( ! reptiles f ! ,microsauria4 ,"o ( ^! ob/acles seems to be f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! h&4 ,9 all ,microsauria1 s f> z is kn[n1 !re is no evid5ce ( m ?an #d digits 9 ! h&1 :ile no true primitive reptile possess$ less ?an #e4 ,! c>pus ( all true reptiles is osse\s1 :ile t ( ! ,microsauria is m]ely c>tilag9\s4 ,x is possible t ! ,microsauria /& 9 "s su* ance/ral relation to ! lat] reptiles z ! ,crossopt]ygia 7#dhi;b7 d to ! ,amphibia4 ,! ,microsauria _h und]gone adaptive modifications z to /ructure & habit1 s t !y h p>allel$ _m ( ! gr\ps ( reptiles1 b _! /ructure is q diff]5t4 ,! evid5ce1 z f> z we c see n[1 po9ts to a close g5etic relation betwe5 ! reptiles & ! ,microsauria1 b t ?is relation is ance/ral ,i1 = "o1 am n ready to say4 ,! ,gr\p ,ai/opoda ,miall1 #ahgc1 is unt5able4 ,! gr\p ,ai/opoda 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahgc z section ,,ix by ! ,committee ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 9 _! ,tabul> ,view ( ! ,classification ( ! ,labyr9?odonts4 ,l4 ,c4 ,miall 7#ddi1 #dej7 0 ! secret>y ( ! committee1 & ! report 0 publi%$ 9 two p>ts4 ,two g5]a 7 at t "t attribut$ to ! ,ai/opoda1 ,ophid]peton & ,doli*osoma1 bo? describ$ by ,huxley f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&4 ,frits* 7#bea1 pp4 #ajg-abf7 9 #ahhc ref]s to ! gr\p z ,familie & describes #d g5]a & #i species z belong+ to ! gr\p4 ,zittel 7#fdb1 p4 #chc7 ref]s to ! gr\p z ,familie & places #e g5]a 9 x4 ,smi?-,woodw>d 7,v]tebrate ,paleontology1 #ahih1 p4 #abi7 ref]s ! ,ai/opoda to a subord]4 ,9 ,ea/man's translation ( ,zittel's ,paleontology ! gr\p is call$ a family1 ,ai/opodid4 ,lydekk] 7#cic1 p4 #bje7 reg>ds ! gr\p z a subord]4 ,! writ] 7#dfi7 ref]s ! ,ai/opoda to an ord]4 ,! gr\p ,ai/opoda has be5 adopt$ by practically all paleontologi/s & zoologi/s :o h _h occasion to ref] to ^! animals4 ,lydekk] 7#cic7 9 #ahij def9$ ! gr\p z foll[s3 ,body long & snake-l1 )\t limbs1 & app>5tly )\t pectoral or pelvic girdles4 ,v]tebr ) elongat$ c5tra & abort$ neural sp9es4 ,ribs sl5d]1 & b>b$ l ^? ( fi%es4 ,tee? smoo?1 )\t plications ( ! d5t9e4 ,ext]nal gills probably p]si/5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #h ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson4 ,above3 ,bones ( skull & ant]ior extremity1 & bony rods ( belly4 ,bel[3 ,bones ( pelvis & po/]ior extremity4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,if n[ we take up a consid]ation ( ea* ( ! *>act]s m5tion$ by ,lydekk] we f9d t ! fir/ "o holds good = all examples ( ! gr\p4 ,! second "*1 )\t limbs1 is n good4 ,species ( /ocephalus1 ,ptyonius1 ,molgophis all possess limbs2 & d\btless ,ophid]peton w be f\nd to possess limbs also1 s9ce x has a well-develop$ pectoral girdle4 ,! limbs 9 all ( ^! g5]a are small4 ,! ?ird "*1 app>5tly )\t pectoral & pelvic girdles1 is n at all a good "*1 s9ce ne>ly e specim5 ( "s species & almo/ all species %[ evid5ces ( pectoral girdles & a few exhibit pelvic girdles4 ,! f\r? "*1 v]tebr ) elongat$ c5tra & abort$ neural sp9es1 is n a good di/+ui%+ "*1 s9ce ,amphibamus1 an und\bt$ microsaurian1 possesses ! same v]tebral *>act]s4 ,ribs sl5d]1 & b>b$ l ^? ( fi%es is a "* :i* is common to sev]al widely di/9ct g5]a4 ,all ,microsauria possess long1 sl5d] ribs1 & ! b>b$ condition is "o :i* is possess$ by only a few1 ,?yrsidium1 ,ophid]peton1 etc41 ! s-call$ b>b be+ m]ely a highly exagg]at$ tub]culum4 ,! tee? ( ne>ly all ,microsauria are smoo?1 s t ! "* tee? smoo? is n a good "o = a gr\p def9ition4 ,x has n be5 possible to exam9e any ( ! ,am]ican specim5s = ! plication ( ! d5t9e1 s9ce ! =ms are s r>e & ! fossils v fragile4 ,! la/ "*1 ext]nal gills probably p]si/5t1 is c]ta9ly n true = ! ,am]ican species1 & ! evid5ce = ! ,european species is negative4 ,frits* describ$ & figur$ 7,fauna d] ,gaskohle1 ,bd4 ,i1 #ahhc1 p4 #aad1 ,tafeln #ah & #bc7 /ructures :i* he reg>d$ z support+ /ructures = ! ext]nal bran*i4 ,he says 9 reg>d to ^! /ructures3 ,bei dem ,um/&e1 dass sie von d] ,kiem5geg5d aus si* bs*elfrmig v]breit5 und man ihr5 ,contakt mit e9] ,art von ,bran*i con/atir5 kann1 zweifle i* ni*t d>an1 dass diese ,/b*5 dem ,kiem5app>ate angehr54 ,b$5kli* i/ nur ihre grosse ,zahl und das ,vorkomm5 bis zum #aft5 ,wirbel und i* erwog die ,mgli*keit1 dass diese ,/b*5 e9em z>t5 ,bau*panz] angehr5 knnt54 ,da ab] weit] im ,v]laufe d] ganz5 ,wirbelsule ni*ts ,aehnli*es vorkmmt1 s i/ man gezwung5 anzunehm51 dass ,doli*osoma sehr grosse lange ,kiem5bs*el besess5 hab5 muss4 ,john ,samuel ,budgett 7#gi1 p4 #afb71 9 8 discussion ( ! ,/ructure ( ! ,l>val ,polypt]us1 ref]s to ! above-describ$ specim5 ( ai/opod\s ,/egocephali1 i4e41 ,doli*osoma longissimum ,frits*1 & calls especial att5tion to ! simil>ity ( ! ext]nal rod ( segm5t$ c>tilage on ! hyom&ibul> ( ,polypt]us to ?is /ructure1 to :i* ,frits* has assign$ a bran*iate nature 9 ,doli*osoma4 ,!re is no d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! pres5t writ]1 h[ev]1 t ! rod ( c>tilage1 ref]r$ by ,frits* to ! gills1 c be o!r ?an scutellate rods ( ! v5tral armature1 ^! rods belong+ to ! armature ( ! brea/ or ?roat4 ,! evid5ce = ?is conclusion is furni%$ by ,frits* himself 7,fauna d] ,gaskohle1 ,bd4 ,i1 plate #ah1 fig4 #aa71 :]e all may read 9 ! figure ( ! specim5 ! facts ( ! case4 ,!re is q evid5tly no ju/ification = ,frits*'s conclusion ( ! bran*iate nature ( ,doli*osoma4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( any gill-l /ructure 9 ! ,am]ican snake-l amphibians ( ! ,coal ,measures4 ,review+1 !n1 ! *>act]s ( ! gr\p :i* h be5 assign$ by v>i\s obs]v]s1 x w be se5 t !re is b a s+le "* :i* holds good3 body long & snake-l4 ,?is is totally insuffici5t = ! ret5tion ( ! gr\p4 ,i !re=e propose to aboli% ! gr\p entirely f zoological classification4 ,x is n ev5 a family4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be conv5i5t to ref] to ! snake-l =ms z ai/opod\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,hylonomid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,nova ,,scotia4 ,family ,,hylonomid ,frits*1 #ahhc4 ,frits*1 ,fauna d] ,gaskohle und d] ,kalk/e9e d] ,p]m=mations ,bhm5s1 ,bd4 #a1 p4 #aei1 #ahhc4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 ,,iv1 p4 #bja1 #ahij4 ,! foll[+ *>act]izations ( ! family are ^? giv5 by ,lydekk] 7#cic1 p4 #bja7 bas$ on ,frits* 7#bea73 ,body sl5d] & liz>d-l2 skull n>r[1 ) smoo? or fa9tly sculptur$ bones2 neural sp9es ( v]tebr well develop$1 & long1 sl5d] ribs4 ,tee? smoo?1 or ) groov$ summits4 ,! :ole body cov]$ ) sculptur$ scutes4 ,int]nal gills may be develop$4 ,frits* 7#bea1 ,bd4 ,i1 p4 #aei7 gives ! foll[+ 9 8 orig9al description3 ,/egocephali von ,baue s*lank] ,eide*s5 mit s*lank5 lang5 ,ripp54 ,wirbel amphicoel mit />k entwickelt5 ob]5 ,dorn=tstz54 ,s*delkno*5 glatt od] s*wa* v]zi]t4 ,s*upp5 gross1 v]zi]t1 d5 ganz5 ,krp] deck5d4 ,zhne glatt od] mit v]zi]te ,spitze4 ,kiem5bog5 bei e9ig5 ang$eutet4 ,mittl]e ,kehlbru/platte unbekannt4 ,coracoidea hnli* wie bei ,bran*iosaurus s*lank1 w9kelig gebog54 ,frits* includes ! foll[+ g5]a 9 ! family3 ,hylonomus1 ,hyloplesion1 ,smil]peton1 ,seeleya1 ,or?oco/a1 & ,ricnodon4 ,! family includes ! foll[+ species3 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 latid5s ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 multid5s ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 wymani ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 frits*ii ,ge94 & ,dei*m41 ,saxony4 ge9itzi ,cr$n]1 ,saxony4 787 pictus ,frits*1 ,bohemia4 wildi ,woodw>d1 ,engl&4 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hyl]peton dawsonii ,ow51 ,nova ,scotia4 int]m$ium ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 longid5tatum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,g5us ,,hylonomus ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xvi1 p4 #bgd1 figs4 #ad-ah1 #ahfj ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ,! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #dd1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb4 pl4 #aa1 p4 #fcd4 ,cr$n]1 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 #ahij 7,,ix ,!il1 die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri]74 ,type3 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson4 ,! g5us ,hylonomus is a v important "o f a taxonomic viewpo9t1 s9ce x 0 reg>d$ by ,dawson 7#baf1 p4 #fce7 z ! typical g5us ( ! ord] ,microsauria1 ! mo/ abundant gr\p 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,un=tunately ! species ( ! g5us ,hylonomus are kn[n only f fragm5t>y rema9s4 ,i h reproduc$ 9 plate #i ,dawson's figures ( ! rema9s ( ,hylonomus z publi%$ by him 9 #ahia4 ,dawson 7#baf7 gave1 9 #ahhb1 ! foll[+ def9ition ( ! g5us ,hylonomus3 ,=m liz>d-l1 ) ! po/]ior limbs some:at l>ge 9 proportion to ! ant]ior4 ,size1 small4 ,m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? num]\s1 small1 conical1 po9t$4 ,palatal tee? m9ute4 ,abdom9al scales oval4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #i ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson4 #a1 maxill & skull bones2 #a;a1 /]nal bones2 #b1 m&ible2 #c1 hum]us1 ribs1 & v]tebr2 #d1 po/]ior limb2 #e1 pelvis2 #f1 caudal v]tebr4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,cr$n] 7#ahf71 ,frits* 7#bea1 ,bd4 #a1 p4 #hi1 ,taf4 #ab1 figs4 #a1 #d1 #ae71 & ,woodw>d 7#fbi7 h ref]r$ rema9s ( ,microsauria discov]$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures or l[] ,p]mian deposits ( ,saxony1 ,bohemia1 & ,lanca%ire1 ,engl&1 to ! g5us ,hylonomus4 ,!re is mu* unc]ta9ty z to ! validity ( ^! ref]5ces1 due to ! unc]ta9 nature ( ! type ( ,hylonomus4 ,!re are #d ,am]ican species ( ! g5us3 ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson1 ,h4 lyelli ,dawson1 ,h4 multid5s ,dawson1 & ,h4 wymani ,dawson4 ,all ! species are f ! ,coal ,b$s at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,hylonomus lyelli ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xvi1 p4 #bgd1 figs4 #ad to #ah1 #ahfj4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #dd1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fce1 pl4 #ci1 figs4 #a to #ad & #bg4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 #c;d ed41 #ahhj1 p4 #cgj4 ,type3 ,specim5s ,nos4 ,r #ddc to #dde 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbc74 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation ( ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,?is species is by f> ! mo/ abundant 7plate #i7 9 ! erect trees exam9$ by ,dawson4 ,its *>act]s ,dawson 7#baf7 def9es z foll[s3 ,g5]al =m liz>d-l1 ) ! h9d limbs r l>g] ?an ! =e limbs4 ,l5g? :5 mature1 #e to #f in*es4 ,head some:at elongate2 bones ( skull smoo? or ) microscopic /ri1 p]fectly unit$1 except at ! p>ietal =am54 ,occipital condyle d\ble1 & app>5tly bony4 ,tee? simple1 conical1 num]\s1 ab\t =ty 9 ea* m&ible1 & ne>ly equal1 except t a few ( ! ant]ior ones are r l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! tee? are an*ylos$ to ! jaw 9 a furr[ protect$ by an ext]nal bony plate4 ,v]tebr ) cyl9drical bodies1 slightly concave at ! ends4 ,:5 p>tly exfoliat$ !y appe> h\r-glass-%ap$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! int]nal c>tilage hav+ ! =m ( two cones atta*$ by _! apices4 ,zygapophyses conspicu\s above2 neural ar*es unit$ to ! bodies ( ! v]tebr1 & ) broad neural sp9es4 ,dorsal v]tebr ) /rong lat]al processes4 ,caudal v]tebr app>5tly simple & cyl9drical4 ,numb] ( v]tebr 9 neck & trunk ab\t ?irty4 ,ribs long & curv$1 ) capitulum & tub]culum1 c>tilag9\s )94 ,ant]ior limb sl5d]1 hum]us ) di/9ct keel2 radius & ulna sep>ate2 toes f\r or five4 ,po/]ior limb ) well-develop$ femur2 tibia & fibula %ort]1 sep>ate2 toes five1 some:at long & sl5d]4 ,pelvis l>ge1 compos$ ( ilium & is*ium4 ,int]clavicle & num]\s scutell are pres5t4 ,upp] surface protect$ ) imbricat$ horny scales4 ,9 front two r[s ( horny tub]cles & plates1 ) epaulettes compos$ ( bri/le-l fib]s project+ f ! sk94 ,! animal possibly f$ on insects1 z is indicat$ by ! coprolitic matt] associat$ ) ! rema9s ( ! species4 ,! foll[+ measurem5ts are giv5 by ,dawson = ! l>ge/ individual discov]$3 ,l5g? ( head ab\t cm4 #b ,l5g? ( neck #a4c ,l5g? ( trunk #g ,l5g? ( po/]ior limb to heel cm4 #c ,l5g? ( m&ible #a4h ,tee?1 #e 9 #a mm4 ,l5g? ( rib cm4 #a4c ,l5g? ( hum]us #a4d ,l5g? ( femur #a4h ,l5g? ( tibia #a4b ,l5g? ( body ( v]tebra mm4 #b4e ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fcg1 pl4 #ci1 figs4 #ah-bb4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 p4 #gd4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-a1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbd7 also has a specim51 ,no4 ,r #ddg4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,fragm5ts ( #c specim5s f #c trees repres5t ?is species 7plate #aj74 ,x seems to h be5 ( /\t] build ?an ,h4 lyelli1 ) ! limbs %ort] 9 proportion4 ,its g5]ic aff9ities are some:at d\btful1 z x pres5ts 9 "s respects *>act]s int]m$iate betwe5 ,hylonomus & ,hyl]peton4 ,m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? broadly conical1 ab\t #bj 9 ea* m&ible #c 9 #a mm42 ant]ior m&ibul> tee? some:at l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & b5t or hook$4 ,vom] or palate ) m9ute tee?4 ,?oracic plate l>ge4 ,scales ( abdom5 oval1 b some:at n>r[1 & t5d+ to be oat-%ap$4 ,l5g? ( m&ible 7imp]fect7 mm4 #i ,l5g? ( hum]us mm4 #g ,l5g? ( v]tebra mm4 #b ,l5g? ( tibia 787 mm4 #e ,l5g? ( ?oracic plate cm4 #a ,l5g? ( six caudal v]tebr mm4 #h ,hylonomus multid5s ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,h1 p4 #fcg1 pl4 #ci1 figs4 #bc-bf4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 p4 #gd ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-b1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,?is animal is kn[n only by portions ( bones ( ! head & a few o!r fragm5ts4 ,! scatt]$ bones ( ! extremities are insep>able f ^? ( ,h4 lyelli occurr+ ) x4 ,z comp>$ ) t species1 ! bones ( ?is are smoo!r & m delicate4 ,! tee? are m num]\s & sl5d]4 ,! cru%$ di/al end ( a femur or hum]us f\nd ne> ! skull indicates t ! limbs 7 well develop$4 mm4 ,l5g? ( m&ible #aa l5g? ( skull #ae ,l5g? ( femur #i ,tee?1 #e to #f 9 #a mm4 ,hylonomus wymani ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xvi1 p4 #bgg1 figs4 #bg-bi1 #ahfj4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #eb1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fcg1 plate #ci1 figs4 #ae-ag4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 #c;d ed41 p4 #cgh4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,!re is also specim5 ,no4 ,r #ddf 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbd74 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,z comp>$ ) ! ,h4 lyelli ! pres5t species is small] 9 size1 m elongat$ 9 =m1 _h ! tee? less num]\s 7ab\t #bb 9 ! m&ible71 & %ort] & m obtuse 9 =m4 ,!re are #f to #g 9 ,i mm4 ,?is species is mu* m r>e ?an ,h4 lyelli1 b quantities ( m9ute bones1 probably belong+ to x1 occur 9 ! coprolitic matt]4 ,9 "o specim5 #ch v]tebr ( ?is species 7 f\nd p>tially associat$1 indicat+ along1 sl5d] body4 ,! body is cov]$ ) scales & v5tral scutell are pres5t4 ,dawson que/ions :e!r ?is species may n be ! "y ( ,h4 lyelli4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #aj ,hylonomus latid5s ,dawson4 ,skull1 portion ( skeleton1 foot1 scapula1 /]nal bones1 hum]us1 & rib1 believ$ to belong to ?is species4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation4 ,nova ,scotia4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull #h ,l5g? ( m&ible #e ,l5g? ( rib #e4e ,l5g? ( femur #f ,l5g? ( hum]us #e ,g5us ,,smil]peton ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc41 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,h1 p4 #fcd4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 p4 #gd4 ,type3 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson4 ,! type species 0 orig9ally ref]r$ to ,hylonomus1 b fur!r /udy induc$ ,dawson to ref] x to a new g5us4 ,dawson gives 7#baf7 ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics ( ! g5us3 ,=m some:at elongat$1 & limbs %ort4 ,m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? w$ge-%ap$1 ) cutt+ edges4 ,palatal tee? num]\s1 "s ( !m l>ge4 ,abdom9al scales oval4 ,a s+le species is kn[n1 ,s4 aci$5tatum1 f ! ,coal ,measures at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xvi1 p4 #bge1 figs4 #ai to #bc1 #ahfj4 ,dawson4 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #fe1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fch1 plate #dj1 figs4 #bh to #de4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 p4 #ge4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 #c;d ed41 p4 #cgf4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-c1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbd7 also has a specim51 ,no4 ,r #dcc4 ,! important *>act]i/ic 7plate #ab7 is f\nd 9 ! =m ( ! m&ibul> & maxill>y tee?1 :i* are ( a peculi> w$ge-%ape1 be+ broad & oval at ! base & n>r[$ to a longitud9al edge at top4 ,?us1 :5 view$ f ! side !y appe> n>r[ & blunt1 b :5 ! jaw is brok5 across1 & !y are view$ f ! re> or front1 !y appe> broad & %>p-edg$4 ,! effect ( ?is arrangem5t is t ! jaw is arm$ ) a closely plac$ s]ies ( *isels or w$ges1 giv+ an almo/ cont9u\s edge4 ,at ! end ( ! m&ible "s ( ! tee? are long] & m conical4 ,ano!r important "* is t ! palatal & vom]9e bones seem to h bri/l$ ) tee?1 mo/ly ( v small size2 b !re are also "s l>g] palatal tee?1 ( :i* "s are %>ply po9t$ & o!rs blunt ) furr[$ po9ts4 ,! v]tebr are ( ! same type z ^? ( ,hylonomus2 b "s :i* appe> to be caudal h a po9t$ sp9e above1 indicat+ p]haps a flatt5$ tail4 ,! ribs are %ort & /\t4 ,! body seems to h possess$ an int]clavicle & v5tral scutell4 ,above x 01 app>5tly1 clo!d ) small tub]cles & horny scales1 & to h _h cuticul> p5dants l ^? ( ,d5dr]peton4 ,an additional species ( ?is g5us 0 app>5tly indicat$ by "s fragm5t>y rema9s1 b ,dawson ?\ght be/ n to describe !m z su*1 s9ce !y might indicate only a "y individual ( ! pres5t species4 ,l5g? ( m&ible #a4e cm4 ,l5g? ( femur #a4e cm4 ,l5g? ( hum]us 787 #a4c cm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebra #c-e mm4 ,l5g? ( rib #a cm4 ,!re are #e tee? 9 #b mm4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,skeletal elem5ts ( ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 7,aft] ,dawson47 a1 %aft ( femur1 #b2 b1 int]maxill>y & tee?1 #be2 c1 sections ( tee?1 #be2 d & e1 palatal tee?1 #be2 f1 femur1 #b2 g1 rib1 #b2 h1 palate2 i1 caudal v]tebr2 j1 long palatal too?1 #be2 k1 bony scale4 ,g5us ,,hyl]peton ,ow54 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xviii1 p4 #bda1 #ahfb4 ,dawson1 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#c71 ,,xii1 p4 #ddc1 #ahgf4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fcd4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 p4 #gd4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #ee1 pl4 vi1 figs4 #cb-df1 #ahfc4 ,body /\t1 ) /rong limbs4 ,m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? /rong1 n num]\s1 groov$ at apex4 ,palatal tee? num]\s1 & "s ( !m l>ge4 ,?oracic plate broad4 ,abdom9al scales po9t$ or oat-%ap$4 ,type3 ,hyl]peton dawsoni ,ow54 ,hyl]peton dawsoni ,ow54 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xviii1 p4 #bda4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #ee1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 p4 #chj4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fci1 pl4 #da1 figs4 #fb-he4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahid1 ,,xii1 p4 #gd4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-d1 ,pet] ,r$ pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,!re are also specim5s1 ,nos4 ,r #dda & #ddb1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbe74 7,plate #g47 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,bones ( skull slightly /riat$1 b n sculptur$ z 9 ,d5dr]peton4 ,l[] jaw ) di/9ct asc5d+ ramus or coronoid process1 a feature n kn[n 9 any o!r ( ! ,nova ,scotia fauna1 b obs]v$ by ,cope 9 ,bra*ydectes4 ,tee?1 #ab 9 ea* ramus ( ! m&ible1 bluntly conical1 slightly /riat$ at ! apex4 ,pulp-cavities l>ge & longitud9ally /riat$ at ! sides1 ?\gh ! tee? are n fold$4 ,maxilla furni%$ ) simil> tee?1 "o ( :i* ne> ! front is l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,palatal tee? num]\s1 small1 conical1 ) a few l>ge tee? at ! sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #aa ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson4 ,m&ible & o!r bones4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ab ,smil]peton aci$5tatum ,dawson4 ,m&ible1 portions ( skull1 scales1 & v>i\s bones4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,coal =mation1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia1 photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,v]tebr %ort1 cyl9drical1 well-ossifi$1 ) well-develop$ zygapophyses & neural sp9es2 ribs /rong & mu* curv$1 ) well-develop$ division ( ! proximal ends2 pelvis imp]fect1 b app>5tly l>ge1 ) broad ilium4 ,hum]us half ! l5g? ( ! m&ible2 radius half z long z hum]us2 femur v l>ge & /\t1 ne>ly z long z ! m&ible2 leg bones & phalanges correspond+ly /\t4 ,! ?oracic plate 7plate #g7 is indicat$ only by "s fragm5ts4 ,! abdom9al scales are n>r[ & po9t$ 7oat-%ap$71 smoo? ext]nally & ) a ridge at "o side )94 ,! foll[+ are ! dim5sions ( ! l>ge/ specim53 ,l5g? ( m&ible #d4d cm4 ,l5g? ( l>ge/ too? #e mm4 ,l5g? ( femur #c4e cm4 ,l5g? ( tibia #b cm4 ,l5g? ( hum]us #b cm4 ,l5g? ( radius #a4e cm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebra #f mm4 ,l5g? ( rib #c cm4 ,l5g? ( scales #e to #g mm4 ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#c71 ,,xii1 pp4 #ddj-ddg1 #ahgf4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fdj1 pl4 #db1 figs4 #hf to #aji4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahid1 ,,xii1 p4 #gd4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-f1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,!re is also a specim51 ,no4 ,r #ddj1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbe74 7,plate #aa47 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,head mu* elongat$1 ) ! bones m9utely pitt$1 & ) delicate microscopic /rife1 b n sculptur$4 ,m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? long & acute1 po9t+ backw>ds1 ) ! apex ( _! inn] sides f9ely /riat$2 #bj or m 9 ea* ramus ( ! l[] jaw2 palatal bones ) sev]al long1 sl5d] tee? & _m m9ute tee?4 ,! m&ibles f\nd are n complete1 b !re are indications t !re 0 an asc5d+ process z 9 ,h4 dawsoni1 b less develop$4 ,! n>r[ness ( ! d5t>y bone is caus$ 9 "p by ! l[] po/]ior edge be+ b5t inw>d & by ! po/]ior end be+ brok5 (f above4 ,v]tebr %ort & /\t1 & app>5tly well ossifi$4 ,ribs long1 ) d\ble head & mu* curv$4 ,hum]us long] ?an femur1 :i* is %ort & /\t1 if ! bone tak5 = x is rightly det]m9$4 ,abdom9al scales n>r[1 oat-%ap$2 ?oracic plate l>ge1 broadly oval4 ,measurem5ts ( ,hyl]peton longid5tatum ,dawson4 ,l5g? ( m&ible #d cm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebra #e mm4 ,l5g? ( rib #c cm4 ,l5g? ( hum]us #a4e cm4 ,l5g? ( femur 787 #a4b cm4 ,l5g? ( tibia #h mm4 ,l5g? ( m&ibul> tee? #c mm4 #f to #g tee? 9 #a cm4 ,hyl]peton int]m$ium ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,,xii1 p4 #ge1 #ahie4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-e1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,?is species is kn[n only by ! m&ibles & portions ( ! skull1 :i* are r %ort] ?an ^? ( adult individuals ( ! la/ species4 ,! extremity ( ! m&ible & ! cranial bones h ! same slightly wav$ surface z 9 ! o!r species4 ,m&ibles #c cm4 long & ! tee?1 :i* are ab\t #ae 9 ea* ramus ( ! l[] jaw1 are simple1 ) l>ge pulp cavities1 ^? ( ! maxill>y bone slightly enl>g+ upw>ds1 & int]m$iate 9 =m betwe5 ! long1 sl5d] tee? ( ,h4 longid5tatum & ! ?ick1 obtuse tee? ( ,h4 dawsoni4 ,coal =mations1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia1 9 erect tree1 discov]$ by ,p4 ,w4 ,mc,naughton1 #ahic4 ,g5us ,,frits*ia ,dawson1 #ahhb4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fcd4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbe1 #ahhi4 ,type3 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson4 ,body liz>d-l2 limbs l>ge & well-ossifi$1 m&ibul> & maxill>y tee? conical1 groov$ at ! apex4 ,abdom9al scales sl5d] & rod-l4 ,frits*ia curtid5tata ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahhb1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fda1 pl4 #dc1 figs4 #aaj-abh4 ,dawson1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#c71 ,,xii1 p4 #ddd1 #ahgf4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-g1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,!re is also specim5 ,no4 ,r #ddi1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#cic1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbe74 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,repres5t$ by #b specim5s 7plate #h74 ,bones ( ! head v smoo?1 only a few microscopic punctures4 ,tee? conical1 some:at obtuse1 /riat$ at ! inn] side ( ! apices2 !re are ab\t #cj 9 ea* ramus ( ! m&ible1 & ab\t #bg 9 ! maxill>y bone4 ,tee? implant$ 9 a furr[4 ,v]tebr %ort & well ossifi$1 #c 9 #a cm4 ,ribs /rong1 curv$1 ab\t #a cm4 9 l5g?4 ,limbs robu/1 ! bones bett] ossifi$ ?an 9 any o!r kn[n species f ,nova ,scotia4 ,toes ( foot probably #e1 c5tral ones long & sl5d]4 ,int]clavicle ( mod]ate size & some:at r\nd$4 ,v5tral scutell ne$le-l4 ,l5g? ( m&ible 7imp]fect7 #b4a cm4 ,l5g? ( maxilla #b cm4 ,l5g? ( rib #a cm4 ,l5g? ( hum]us #b cm4 ,l5g? ( femur #b4d cm4 ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #a cm4 ,l5g? ( toe 9 foot #g mm4 #h tee? 9 #e mm4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,tuditanid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio ,,& ,,p5nsylvania4 ,family ,,tuditanid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #ceg1 #ahge4 ,liz>d-l microsaurians2 cranial elem5ts /rongly sculptur$ ) pits or grooves or almo/ smoo?1 ) weak punctulations4 ,orbits usually well =w>d2 squamosal sometimes exclud$ f ! p>ietal2 skull hornless2 tee? pleurodont1 conical & %>p1 smoo? or slightly plicate2 clavicle ( a triangul> %ape1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( all ! species2 v]tebr well develop$ & phyllospondyl\s1 ! osse\s portion be+ m]ely a holl[ cyl9d]1 h\r-glass-%ap$2 ribs curv$1 long1 att5uat$ & int]c5tral2 digits claw$2 v5tral armature abs5t 9 all b a s+le species & ! association ( ! species is d\btful2 tail mod]ate 9 l5g?4 ,?ree g5]a ) #ac species includ$ 9 ! family4 ,^! species are3 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 breviro/ris ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 longipes ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 m9imus ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 walcotti ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 obtusus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 tabulatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 m9utus ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 sculptilis ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 acutiro/ris ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 tub]culatus ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,! association ( ^! species 9 ! "o family is provisional & w ne$ revision on ! acquisition ( new & m complete mat]ial4 ,g5us ,,tuditanus ,cope1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bga1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cia1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope4 ,! g5us z "h def9$ is a some:at composite gr\p & x is q probable t "s ( ! species "h includ$ w h to be remov$ to ano!r g5us :5 ! anatomy ( ! =ms is bett] kn[n4 ,! species ( ! g5us are all mod]ately small1 ! l>ge/ b>ely atta9+ a l5g? ( #h in*es4 ,!re are #e species ( ,tuditanus ?us f> kn[n4 ,all ( ! species are *>act]iz$ by ! possession ( a peculi> triangul>-%ap$ clavicle ) radiat+ grooves1 & ?is has be5 tak5 z "o ( ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! g5us1 z well z ( ! family4 ,! /ructure ( ! cranium :]e kn[n is q uni=m among ! diff]5t species4 ,! squamosal is q l>ge & ! supratemporal is n always closely jo9$ to ! p>ietal4 ,! species are3 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 breviro/ris ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 longipes ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 m9imus ,moodie1 ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 walcotti ,moodie1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bga1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cib1 pl4 xxxiv1 fig4 ,i1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #aaj1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 :]e !re is also specim5 ,no4 #aaa4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species1 toge!r ) ! =m1 ,t4 breviro/ris1 describ$ on p4 #hh1 0 us$ by ,cope z ! type ( ! g5us ,tuditanus4 ,cope subsequ5tly associat$ "s reptilian rema9s f ! ,l9ton m9es ) ! type ( ,t4 punctulatus & *ang$ ! g5]ic t]m to ,isodectes1 :i* 0 kn[n by ano!r species1 ,i4 megalops ,cope1 f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,! rema9s associat$ by ,cope ) ,i4 megalops und\bt$ly repres5t a reptilian species & :i* has be5 describ$ else:]e "u ! "n ,eosauravus copei ,willi/on4 ,! species is ( exce$+ int]e/ because x is ! olde/ kn[n reptile & places ! range ( ! ,reptilia d[n t[>ds ! base ( ! ,p5nsylvanian4 ,! species ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope 0 f\nd$ on well-pres]v$ rema9s ( ne>ly ! entire skeleton ( a s+le individual4 ,! bones are repres5t$ by %9+ c>bonace\s matt]1 & s9ce bo? ( ! slabs conta9+ ! impression 7 pres]v$1 a great _m *>act]s h be5 det]m9$4 ,! head1 #a =e-limb1 & #bc consecutive v]tebr ) ribs are well def9$1 b ( ! pelvis & h9d limbs no?+ is visible4 ,! cranium 7fig4 #ai7 is v simil> to t ( ,t4 m9imus1 f ! ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania1 slates4 ,x is triangul> 9 %ape1 ) a n>r[$ obtuse muzzle4 ,! orbit ( ! left side is well def9$ & lies well =w>d4 ,x is oval 9 outl9e & its wid? is ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g?4 ,! no/rils are small & are locat$ well t[>d ! tip ( ! muzzle4 ,! p>ietal =am5 lies beh9d ! m$ian transv]se l9e :i* divides ! skull equally4 ,! cranial elem5ts are = ! mo/ "p de/roy$1 b ! outl9es ( a few c be det]m9$4 ,^? elem5ts :i* are pres]v$ are ornam5t$ ) a sculptur+ ( m9ute punctulations :i*1 on ! po/frontal1 assumes a radiat+ arrangem5t4 ,! ornam5tation ( ! o!r elem5ts consi/s ( inosculat+ pits1 b !y seldom assume ! =m ( ridges or grooves4 ,! bones ( ! premaxill>y region ( ! cranium are lack+4 ,! fir/ elem5t :i* c be detect$ is ! pref r5tal1 :i* occupies a position 9 front ( ! orbit4 ,!re seems to be space = a lacrimal1 b its outl9e is n di/9ct4 ,! frontal c be readily sep>at$ & is se5 to be an elongate elem5t occupy+ ! m$ian region ( ! skull betwe5 ! orbits4 ,! p>ietal is app>5tly ! l>ge/ elem5t ( ! cranial ro( & ! p9eal =am5 is locat$ 9 ! ant]ior f\r? ( ! m$ian suture sep>at+ ! p>ietal elem5ts4 ,! =m ( ! po/p>ietal & ! tabul>e c n be det]m9$1 z ! great] "p ( ?is region is lack+4 ,! squamosal seems to be locat$ well =w>d & is r small1 b has ! usual relation ( ?is elem5t4 ,only fragm5ts ( ! o!r elem5ts rema9 & no?+ c be said ( _! =m4 ,! m&ibles ( bo? sides are repres5t$ by depressions1 & !y are ornam5t$ ) longitud9al grooves & ridges4 ,! tee? are n pres]v$1 b !re are evid5ces ( ! maxill>y tee?4 ,^! are m9ute & %>ply conical4 ,j po/]ior to ! skull !re is pres]v$ ! impression ( a %ort1 r\nd rod :i* is n def9itely det]m9$4 ,x may be an elem5t ( ! hyoid app>atus1 al?\gh x is r /\t = su*4 ,x does n h ! relations indicat$ by ,cope 9 8 figure 7#abc1 pl4 ,,xxxiv1 fig4 #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,draw+ ( skull & skeletal elem5ts ( ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4e4 fr1 frontal2 ic1 int]clavicle2 cl1 clavicle2 h1 hum]us2 ph1 phalanges2 p>1 p>ietal2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 tab1 tabul>e1 supratemporal & squamosal2 u1 ulna2 r1 radius4 ,!re are ?ree elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle pres]v$4 ,^! und\bt$ly repres5t ! int]clavicle & ! clavicles4 ,! int]clavicle is rhomboid 9 %ape & is att5uat$ po/]iorly4 ,! att5uation is abruptly truncate po/]iorly & x is ?us ( q a diff]5t "* f ! acutely po9t$ int]clavicle ( ,t4 m9imus4 ,! clavicle has a some:at semicircul> =m1 b is n att5uat$ at ei!r end4 ,x seems to be uni=mly broad4 ,! =e>m ( ! "r side is pres]v$ 9 "p4 ,! hum]us is se5 to be a heavy1 some:at exp&$ elem5t ly+ displac$ ) relation to ! pectoral girdle4 ,x is greatly exp&$ at ! ends4 ,! ulna pres5ts *>act]s simil> to ! hum]us & only diff]s f x 9 be+ %ort] & less /\t4 ,! radius is n pres]v$4 ,! c>pus is unossifi$ & its position is occupi$ by a blank space4 ,! digits are repres5t$ by #d metac>pals1 & ?is may h con/itut$ ! entire numb] ( ! f+]s4 ,! phalangeal bones pres]v$ are a little scatt]$4 ,!y are elongate ) exp&$ ends4 ,evid5ces ( #bc consecutive osse\s v]tebr are pres]v$4 ,_! "* c n be det]m9$1 al?\gh ,cope 7#abc7 describes !m z amphicl\s4 ,?is may be inf]r$ to be ! case1 b ,i am unable to v]ify 8 obs]vation4 ,9 =m ! v]tebra are subquadrate4 ,! neural sp9es are n evid5t4 ,! osse\s ribs articulate1 app>5tly1 betwe5 ! bodies ( ! v]tebra4 ,cope figur$ !m z int]c5tral4 ,!re are #bb or #bc pairs pres]v$4 ,!y are s+le-head$ & ! extremities are att5uat$4 ,no traces ( v5tral scutell are pres5t4 ,! entire l5g? ( ! animal probably did n exce$ #e or #f in*es4 ,its =m 0 q liz>d-l & x 0 probably ( an ambulatory type1 ?\gh x may h sp5t a "p ( its "t 9 ! old lagoon 9 :i* its rema9s 7 f9ally buri$4 ,no traces ( ext]nal gills h be5 detect$ 9 ?is or any o!r ,l9ton species4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,tuditanus punctulatus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #id ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #bb ,wid? ( skull at occiput #ai ,dep? ( m&ibul> ramus #d ,l5g? ( ! #bc v]tebr #fa ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #f4e ,wid? ( int]clavicle #d4e ,wid? ( ! ?ree pectoral plates #aj ,l5g? ( hum]us #h ,wid? ( hum]us at proximal end #b4e ,l5g? ( ulna #f ,wid? ( ulna at proximal end #b ,l5g? ( phalanx 7metac>pal87 #b ,expanse ( longe/ ribs #af ,l5g? ( rib #aj4e ,wid? ( rib 4#e ,l5g? ( a v]tebra #b4e ,tuditanus breviro/ris ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bgb1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cic1 pl4 xxvi1 figs4 #c1 #d1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,museum ,natl4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 pl4 lxiv1 fig4 #d1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfji ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species 0 associat$ by ,cope ) ! type ,t4 punctulatus 9 ! description ( ! g5us4 ,repres5t$ by a portion ( ! skeleton ( "o individual1 ! skull is pres]v$ on "o block1 ) a consid]able "p ( ! ant]ior ribs1 pectoral girdle1 & v]tebral column1 al?\gh ?is la/ is n cle>ly repres5t$1 b z 9 s _m ( ! coal specim5s ! bones are cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( c>bonace\s matt] :i* makes x impossible to def9itely det]m9e ! =m4 ,! cranium is l>ge 9 proportion to ! size ( ! body4 ,! skull is 9 ! =m ( a wide oval & is wid] ?an x is long4 ,! elem5ts ( ! skull 7 ornam5t$ ) a co>se sculptur+ :i* p>takes ( ! nature ( incomplete radiations on ! squamosal region4 ,! diff]5t elem5ts ( ! cranium c n be di/+ui%$1 al?\gh ,i ?9k ! outl9es ( ! p>ietal are indicat$4 ,! position ( ! no/rils is well =w>d & !y are slightly elongate transv]sely4 ,! p9eal =am5 c n be det]m9$4 ,! orbits are oval 9 %ape & _! wid? is ab\t equal to two-?irds ( _! l5g?4 ,! int]orbital space is great] ?an ! l5g? ( ! orbit4 ,cope's figure ( ?is specim5 is n accurate1 s9ce he has ! orbits drawn too f> to ! side4 ,!y are locat$ ne> ! c5tral l9e ( ! skull & resemble 9 "s respect ^? ( ! prec$+ species4 ,cope has describ$ tee? 9 ! maxill>y region1 b ,i am unable to detect !m4 ,!re are portions ( two pectoral elem5ts :i* may repres5t a clavicle & a portion ( ! int]clavicle4 ,! clavicle has mu* ! same %ape & practically ! same ornam5tations z has ! clavicle 9 ,tuditanus m9imus4 ,! clavicle pres]v$ %[s a some:at triangul> %ape & is slightly acum9ate at ! ant]ior end1 z pres]v$1 & obtuse at ! po/]ior end4 ,! nature ( ! int]clavicle c n be det]m9$4 ,! v]tebral column is repres5t$ by a l9e :i* ,cope sugge/s 7#abc7 may be ! *orda dorsalis 7noto*ord74 ,osse\s v]tebr 7 probably pres5t1 b _! nature is obscur$ by ! c>bonace\s matt] cov]+ !m4 ,! ribs z pres]v$ are long & curv$4 ,!y are sl5d] & att5uat$ at ! di/al ends4 ,!y 7 probably s+le-head$1 b :e!r _! articulation 0 int]c5tral or n c n be det]m9$4 ,! o!r specim5s :i* are ref]r$ to ?is species %[ no?+ ( importance 9 ! way ( /ructure4 ,!y consi/ = ! mo/ "p ( fragm5ts :i* may or may n repres5t ! species4 ,! species diff]s f ! type ( ! g5us 7,t4 punctulatus7 9 ! possession ( a broadly r\nd$ muzzle4 ,?is "* w also sep>ate x f o!r species ( ! g5us4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! bones ( ! cranium is co>s] 9 ! pres5t species ?an 9 ! type4 ,! =m ( ! clavicle is diff]5t 9 ! two species4 ,! above-describ$ species seems to be m closely alli$ to ! =m describ$ z ,tuditanus walcotti ?an to o!r species ( ! g5us4 ,i h be5 unable to detect ! pres5ce ( limbs1 al?\gh ,cope says !y are pres5t4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,tuditanus breviro/ris ,cope4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #ae ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord] #ah ,wid? ( skull across orbits #aa4e ,l5g? ( orbit #c ,wid? ( orbit #b ,int]orbital space #d4e ,l5g? ( clavicle #g ,wid? ( clavicle #c ,l5g? ( longe/ rib pres]v$ #i ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #ed ,! mat]ial consi/s ( ! type specim5 ) c\nt]p>t & two fragm5ts :i* probably are to be associat$ ) ?is species4 ,collect$ by ,doctor ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,tuditanus longipes ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #baj1 #ahgd 7,sauropleura74 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #cih1 pl4 ,,xxvi1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ajii ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! cranium ( ?is species is q unkn[n4 ,! only g5us ) :i* ! specim5 c be comp>$ 9 ! /ructure ( ! skeleton is ,tuditanus4 ,f ! o!r species ( ! g5us ! pres5t =m diff]s 9 ! pres5ce ( v5tral *evron rods & ! elongate "* ( ! limbs1 z well z 9 ! possession ( l>ge iliac bones1 :i*1 9 ! only o!r species 9 :i* ! ilia are kn[n1 are small & sl5d]4 ,x seems be/ to locate ! species 9 ?is g5us = ! pres5t1 al?\gh x may ev5tually h to be remov$ to ano!r gr\p4 ,v little is kn[n ( ! ma9 portion ( ! skeleton ( ! species ( ,tuditanus1 o!r ?an 9 ,t4 longipes1 s an exact comp>ison is impossible4 ,f all ! species ( ,tuditanus ?us f> kn[n ! pres5t species diff]s 9 ! elongate "* ( ! limbs & 9 ! pres5ce ( v5tral scutellation4 ,!re are ?ree o!r species ( ,tuditanus 9 :i* ! limbs are kn[n4 ,^! are3 ,t4 walcotti ,moodie1 ,t4 m9imus ,moodie1 & ,t4 punctulatus ,cope4 ,9 ^! ?ree species ! limbs are %ort & weakly develop$4 ,f ! o!r species ( ,tuditanus ! pres5t species maybe sep>at$ by its size pr9cipally1 s9ce no?+ ( ! bodies ( ! o!r species is kn[n4 ,! body ( ! pres5t species is elongate & sl5d]1 ) a long neck & probably a long tail4 ,ribs1 z pres]v$1 are #ai to #bb1 ?\gh !re may possibly h be5 m4 ,!y are mod]ately curv$ backw>ds1 h int]c5tral articulation1 are att5uat$ at ! di/al extremity1 & are s+le-head$4 ,! ant]ior ribs are /\t]1 ) a wid5$ upp] portion & att5uat$ di/al "p4 ,! po/]ior ribs are m sl5d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,cope's draw+ ( ,tuditanus longipes1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 #a4 ,!re are evid5ces ( #bh v]tebr pres5t4 ,all regions ( ! v]tebral column are pres5t & ! dorsal region is pres]v$ entire4 ,! c]vical s]ies is repres5t$ by ! po/]ior v]tebr only4 ,^! are v indi/9ctly pres]v$4 ,! dorsal v]tebr are elongate & 7 probably amphicl\s1 al?\gh ?is has n be5 def9itely det]m9$4 ,!y are exp&$ at ea* end1 ?us end+ 9 a slightly rais$ rim4 ,! s+le-head$ ribs articulate betwe5 ! v]tebr4 ,! exact numb] ( ! dorsal s]ies c n be asc]ta9$1 al?\gh ?is may h be5 #be4 ,! sp9es ( ! v]tebr are n det]m9able1 s9ce ! animal is pres]v$ on its back4 ,! caudal v]tebr are repres5t$ by two pat*es ( ! rema9s ( :at 0 once probably ! entire s]ies4 ,cope ascribes #gj mm4 to ! tail1 b ,i d n f9d t mu*4 ,! specim5 may h be5 mutilat$ s9ce he /udi$ x4 ,! caudals are sl5d] &1 l ! dorsals1 are exp&$ at ! extremities4 ,! scapul> ar* is n pres]v$1 b ! pelvic ar* is repres5t$ by ! two iliac bones 9 good /ate ( pres]vation4 ,^! are %ort1 flat bones exp&$ at ! ant]ior extremity1 z pres]v$4 ,!y lie turn$ a little to ea* side ( ! v]tebral column & p>tially obscure ! femora4 ,! iliac bones are q *>act]i/ic ( ?is =m1 s9ce simil>-%ap$ elem5ts h n be5 obs]v$ 9 any ( ! o!r ,c>bonif]\s =ms f ! same deposit4 ,! great] "p ( ! =elimb is pres]v$1 al?\gh mu* ( ! h& is miss+4 ,! hum]us is an unusually elongate bone & lies some:at across ! v]tebral column4 ,x is cru%$ flat & ! ends are p>tly de/roy$4 ,x %[s evid5ces ( expansion at ! ends1 al?\gh n a great deal4 ,x is mu* long] ?an ! radius & ulna1 :i* are ( ab\t equal l5g?4 ,! ulna is l>g] ?an ! radius & has exp&$ ends1 ) ! upp] end m exp&$ ?an ! l[] & bo? ends slightly truncate4 ,! radius is a simple rod ( bone & is b slightly exp&$4 ,! c>pus 0 evid5tly c>tilag9\s1 s9ce !re is no evid5ce ( osse\s mat]ial 9 its place4 ,!re is b "o phalangeal bone pres]v$1 &1 s9ce ?is is displac$ ) ref]5ce to ! ulna & radius1 its position c n be det]m9$4 ,x may h be5 a metac>pal4 ,x is %ort & exp&$ at ! ends4 ,! h9d limbs are repres5t$ by ! two femora & ! upp] portion ( ! tibia4 ,! femur is almo/ z elongate z ! hum]us & is m sl5d]4 ,x is n s mu* exp&$ z ! hum]us4 ,its ends appe> to h be5 c>tilag9\s & d n repres5t ! well-=m$ articul> surfaces pres]v$ 9 ! ,t4 m9imus4 ,! upp] "p ( ! tibia is pres]v$1 & appe>s to h be5 truncate4 ,if ?is species belongs ) ,tuditanus x is ( int]e/ 9 t ! v5tral *evrons are pres5t4 ,! species is p>ticul>ly *>act]iz$ by ! elongate limbs4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,tuditanus longipes ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebral column betwe5 pelvis & end ( hum]us #g ,l5g? ( v]tebral column ant]ior to hum]us #ah ,l5g? ( caudals pres5t #db ,l5g? ( hum]us #ai ,wid? ( hum]us #b ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #ab ,l5g? ( a v]tebra #c ,l5g? ( ilium #g ,l5g? ( femur1 e/imat$ #ah #g *evrons 9 #d mm4 ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #ef1 fig4 #aj1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bc1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #b1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #deee1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,cannelton slates ( ,p5nsylvania 7,upp] ,freeport74 ,! species is repres5t$ by a ne>ly complete skeleton pres]v$ on a slab ( slate f ! ,cannelton %ales ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! obv]se slab has be5 lo/1 :i* is v un=tunate1 s9ce !re is no d\bt t ! entire skeleton 0 orig9ally pres5t4 ,! species is plac$ 9 ! g5us ,tuditanus on acc\nt ( ! close resemblance to ! type =m ,t4 punctulatus ,cope1 al?\gh x is mu* small] ?an t species4 ,! type specim5 ( ! species did n atta9 a l5g? ( m ?an #c4e in*es4 ,its =m is v liz>d-l1 b its /ructure is typically amphibian4 ,! =m ( ! skull is especially simil> to t ( ! type species ,t4 punctulatus1 :i* x resembles 9 ! n>r[ po/]ior truncation ( ! skull1 z well z 9 ! ant]ior position ( ! orbits4 ,! skull is 9 ! =m ( a n>r[ oval1 %>ply n>r[$ po/]iorly & truncate4 ,! orbits are locat$ well =w>d & _! po/]ior bord] lies 9 front ( ! l9e divid+ ! skull transv]sely into equal p>ts4 ,! int]orbital space is great] ?an ! diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,impressions ( tee? are pres]v$ on ! premaxill & maxill2 !re are #h ( !m 9 a di/ance ( #c mm4 ,! tee? appe> to be m]e blunt d5ticles & 7 possibly pleurodont4 ,! elem5ts ( ! cranium are v poorly pres]v$4 ,x has be5 impossible to det]m9e all ( ! sutures4 ,! bones ( ! premaxill>y region h be5 de/roy$1 b ! arrangem5t ( !m 0 probably n f> diff]5t f t :i* obta9s 9 o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! po/]ior b\nd>ies ( ! nasals are pres]v$ & prove ?is elem5t to h _h an obtuse po/]ior bord]4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! frontals are cle> & %[ t !y 7 small & t !y =m$ a "p ( ! inn] b\nd>y ( ! orbits4 ,! p>ietal is recogniz$ z a l>ge elem5t1 app>5tly ! l>ge/ 9 ! skull4 ,toge!r ! p>ietals =m a wide oval inclos+1 on ! m$ian suture1 ! circul> p9eal =am54 ,! p>ietals are sculptur$ ) co>se radiat+ grooves & ridges1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope4 ,! pitt+s pres5t on t =m are1 h[ev]1 abs5t 9 ,t4 m9imus4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! po/p>ietal are tol]ably well def9$ & ^! %[ t elem5t to h be5 r l>ge & quadrate1 ) ! usual relations4 ,! tabul>e is di/9ct1 triangul>1 & small4 ,x is produc$ into an angle on ! po/]ior bord] /rongly recall+ a simil> condition 9 ,t4 punctulatus4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! prefrontals & ! upp] bord]s ( ! maxill are n cle>ly asc]ta9$4 ,! lacrimal has n be5 detect$4 ,! po/-frontal & po/orbital =m ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit1 al?\gh all ( ! limits ( ! latt] elem5t h n be5 def9itely det]m9$4 ,! position ( ! supratemporal is well assur$1 al?\gh its entire b\nd>ies are n det]m9$4 ,x has ! usual relations & jo9s ! p>ietal broadly4 ,! jugal is broad & wid5s po/]iorly to jo9 ! squamosal1 :i*1 z usual1 =ms ! quadrate angle ( ! skull4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! quadratojugal & ! po/]ior end ( ! maxilla are n det]m9$4 ,!re are b two fragm5t>y v]tebr pres]v$ & an e/imate bas$ on ! l5g? ( ^! rema9s gives ab\t #cj presacral v]tebr4 ,! /ructure ( ! v]tebr pres]v$ c n be asc]ta9$1 b ! neural sp9es appe> to h be5 l[ & /\t4 ,!re are six elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle pres]v$4 ,^! are3 ! six clavicles1 ! int]clavicle1 ! coracoid ( "o side1 & ! two scapul4 ,! int]clavicle is rhomboid 9 =m & acum9ate po/]iorly4 ,x is sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves & ridges4 ,x is q diff]5t f ! same elem5t 9 ,t4 punctulatus1 9 t ! base is acum9ate1 n truncate4 ,! clavicle pres5ts mu* ! same %ape z does t elem5t 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus4 ,x is ornam5t$ by a sculptur+ ( radiat+ l9es :i* take _! orig9 f ! l[] ext]nal angle z ! bone lies 9 ! matrix4 ,! clavicle is some:at triangul> 9 %ape & lies close to ! skull1 b ?is close approximation ( ! pectoral elem5ts to ! cranium is due probably to po/-mortem %ift+1 s9ce ! scapul are %ift$ backw>d4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! pectoral ar* 0 close to ! cranium4 ,!re is an oval fragm5t pres]v$ on ! left ( ! specim5 :i* ,i take to be a portion ( ! coracoid4 ,! scapula is pres]v$ entire on ! left side & is repres5t$ by fragm5ts on ! "r side4 ,x is almo/ semicircul> 9 =m & n>r[s ext]nally until x is some:at fan-%ap$4 ,!re appe>s to be an ornam5tation ( l9es on ! surface ( ! bone4 ,^! l9es foll[ ! cont\r ( ! ant]ior bord]4 ,! arm is pres]v$ ne>ly complete on ! left side1 & ! "r side %[s ! hum]us & ! =e>m4 ,! hum]i are unusual 9 hav+ well-develop$ articul> ends z ?\gh ! endo*ondral tissue 0 well develop$4 ,! hum]us is exp&$ at ! ends & x is l>g] at ! upp] ?an at ! l[] end4 ,! ulna is exp&$ at ! proximal extremity1 b is m att5uat$ at ! di/al portion4 ,x is %ort] ?an ! hum]us by ab\t "o-?ird ( its own l5g?4 ,! radius is a m]e sl5d] rod ( bone & pres5ts well-develop$ articul> ends4 ,x is slightly %ort] ?an ! ulna4 ,! c>pus is unossifi$ & its position is repres5t$ by a blank space4 ,!re are phalanges ( #d digits pres]v$ & !y are #d 9 numb]4 ,! phalangeal elem5ts1 l ! o!r bones ( ! extremity1 h ! articul> surfaces prom95t1 ) ! t]m9al phalanx claw-l4 ,!re are no ribs nor traces ( !m pres]v$1 & a conjecture z to _! "* c n be haz>d$1 s9ce !y are kn[n 9 b two o!r species1 9 :i* !y are sl5d] & curv$4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( a v5tral scutellation1 & s f> z is at pres5t kn[n ?is /ructure is abs5t f all ( ! species ( ! g5us1 or at lea/ x is weakly develop$4 ,! ilium is all t is pres]v$ ( ! pelvis4 ,! bone itself has disappe>$ & has left a depression :i* %[s ?is elem5t to h be5 an elongate rod v simil> to t describ$ = ,micr]peton4 ,! sacral v]tebra seems to be indicat$ by a depression betwe5 ! iliac depressions4 ,"o h9d limb is pres]v$ ne>ly entire & ! great] "p ( ! o!r is also pres]v$1 al?\gh "s ( ! phalanges are di/urb$4 ,! femur is sl5d] & m elongate ?an ! hum]us4 ,x has well-=m$1 r\nd$1 articul> ends4 ,! tibia pres5ts unusual *>act]s 9 t its ends are truncate1 z ?\gh ! c>tilage compos+ its articul> surfaces 0 n s highly calcifi$ z 9 ! o!r limb bones4 ,x is some:at exp&$ at ! ends & is ?r\gh\t its l5g? broad] ?an ! femur4 ,! fibula1 l ! tibia1 is a sl5d] rod ( bone1 al?\gh x is some:at %ort] ?an ! tibia4 ,! t>sus is unossifi$ & its position is occupi$ by a blank space4 ,portions ( bo? feet are pres]v$1 b only "o digit 9 ! "r foot is complete4 ,! metat>sals are elongate & slightly exp&$ at ! ends4 ,!re are #d phalanges pres5t 9 ! complete digit1 :i* possibly repres5ts ! f\r?4 ,! fir/ digit is want+1 ) ! only t]m9al phalanx pres]v$ claw-l4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #ae ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord] #af ,l5g? ( orbit #c4e ,wid? ( orbit #b ,int]orbital wid? #b4e ,l5g? ( clavicle #f ,wid? ( clavicle1 maximum #c4e ,l5g? ( int]clavicle1 e/imat$ #e ,wid? ( int]clavicle #c4e ,l5g? ( scapula #c4e ,wid? ( scapula1 maximum #b4e ,l5g? ( coracoid 787 #b ,l5g? ( hum]us #d ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #c ,l5g? ( metac>pal #a ,l5g? ( ilium #b4e ,l5g? ( femur #d4e ,l5g? ( tibia & fibula #c ,l5g? ( foot #c4e ,l5g? ( metat>sal 4#ge ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xxxvii1 p4 #af1 pl4 #f1 figs4 #a1 #b2 pl4 #g2 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ddgd1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,a small species ( ,microsauria is pres]v$ z a smoo? impression on a block ( s(t coal f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ne>ly ! entire =m ( ! body is disc]nible4 ,! specim5 is especially int]e/+ & valuable z exhibit+ = ! fir/ "t among ! ,l9ton =ms ! %ape ( ! body ( ! small microsaurians ( ! ,tuditanus type4 ,x diff]s s m>k$ly 9 ! =m ( ! skull f o!r species ( ! g5us t x is reg>d$ z a di/9ct =m1 & ! "n ,tuditanus walcotti 0 propos$ = x z an expression ( ! writ]'s indebt$ness to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution = ! vise ( ! mat]ial among :i* ! pres5t =m 0 includ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,a4 ,outl9e draw+ ( type ( ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 %[+ impression ( body & muscle at ,m4 #be4 cl1 clavicle2 fr1 frontal2 f1 femur2 h1 hum]us2 nos1 no/ril2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 rb1 rib2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 v1 v]tebra2 pfo1 p9eal =am54 ,b4 ,left leg ( second specim5 ( ,tuditanus walcotti4 #c4 ,! specim5 includes1 besides ! body impression1 ! complete skull1 a "r clavicle1 ) portions ( ! left1 a left hum]us1 #ab c]vical & dorsal v]tebr1 #aj pairs ( ribs some:at di/urb$ z to position1 & a portion ( ! m&ible4 ,!re are no traces ( v5tral scutell nor body scales 9 ! smoo? impression ( ! c>boniz$ sk94 ,"o w\ld expect to f9d impressions ( ! v5tral scut 9 ?is specim5 if !y 7 pres5t4 ,cope rem>k$ on ! app>5t abs5ce ( scutell f memb]s ( ! g5us ,tuditanus z !y 7 kn[n to him1 & no contr>y evid5ce has s9ce be5 br\ght to light4 ,until su* evid5ce is =?com+ ! abs5ce ( scutes w be tak5 z "o ( ! g5]ic *>act]s ( ! g5us ,tuditanus4 ,"u a magnification ( #ej diamet]s ! c>boniz$ sk9 %[s z folds & wr9kles1 l muscle fib]s1 9 "s places2 9 o!rs no traces ( ! muscul> /ructure c be detect$4 ,! wr9kles may be impressions ( ! int]nal musculature ( ! body-wall ( ! abdom54 ,x is especially well pres]v$ 9 ! pelvic & pygal regions4 ,sections ( ! coal 7 made1 b no?+ def9ite c\ld be det]m9$ z to ! "* ( ! impressions1 z !y 7 too poorly pres]v$ & ! coal 0 too s(t to be> mu* h&l+4 ,! specim5 is pres]v$ on ! belly1 ) ! dorsum ( ! skull upp]mo/4 ,x has be5 practically impossible to det]m9e ! arrangem5t ( any ( ! cranial elem5ts except ! f r5tals1 p>ietals1 & po/p>ietals1 :i* h ! relations indicat$ 9 figure #ba1 ,a4 ,a m$ian suture is cle>ly evid5t1 ) ! p9eal =am5 well back 9 ?is suture4 ,! bones ( ! skull are m>k$ ) fa9t radiat+ l9es4 ,x is 9 ! =m ( ! skull & ! position ( ! orbits t ! specific *>act]s are f\nd1 z foll[s3 ! backw>d position ( ! eyes & ! oval1 po9t$ %ape ( ! skull4 ,! species is closely relat$ to ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton slates ( ,p5nsylvania1 & s]ves fur!r to connect ! =ms f ! ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania localities4 ,x diff]s f ! la/-nam$ species 9 ! position & =m ( ! orbits1 ^! /ructures be+ m oval 9 ! pres5t =m & plac$ fur!r back4 ,! %ape ( ! skull diff]s also 9 ! almo/ entire abs5ce ( ! po/]ior table4 ,! m$ian po9ts ( ! orbits occupy ! l9e :i* bisects ! skull1 & ! int]orbital wid? is less ?an ! wid? ( ! orbit4 ,! m&ible is heavy & appe>s to h borne %>p1 pleurodont tee?4 ,! v]tebral column is repres5t$ by little m ?an a mold ( ! =m ( ! v]tebr1 s t little c be said ( its "*4 ,! individual v]tebr are %ort & h\r-glass-%ap$4 ,! ribs are borne int]c5trally1 z 9 all ! microsaurians :i* h be5 /udi$ f ! ,l9ton deposits4 ,! ribs are r long & some:at heavy1 slightly curv$ & exp&$ at ! proximal end1 z ?\gh an incipi5t bicipital condition 7 pres5t4 ,! "r clavicle1 :i* is pres]v$ z an impression1 is entire4 ,its impression %[s ?is elem5t to h be5 ornam5t$ on its v5tral surface ) radiat+ grooves & ridges :i* />t$ at ! l[] angle ( ! bone4 ,! elem5t is di/9ctly triangul>1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! g5us ,tuditanus1 s f> z kn[n4 ,! fragm5t ( ! left clavicle adds no?+ to our k ( ! elem5t4 ,! left hum]us recalls 9 a /rik+ way t ( ,tuditanus longipes ,cope1 & x 0 once ent]ta9$ z a possibility t ! pres5t =m might be a memb] ( t species1 s9ce ! skull is lack+ 9 ,t4 longipes4 ,suffici5t specific diff]5ces 7 f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 ! ribs1 :i*1 9 ,t4 longipes1 are v long1 slightly curv$1 & delicate1 b :i*1 9 ! pres5t =m1 are comp>atively heavy4 ,o!r *>act]s suffici5tly diagno/ic are f\nd 9 ! =m assum$ by ! v]tebr 9 ! two =ms4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #gj ,l5g? ( skull #bj ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #ad ,wid? ( skull1 ant]ior to orbits #aj ,l5g? ( orbit #d ,wid? ( orbit #b ,int]orbital wid? #c ,l5g? ( clavicle #i ,greate/ wid? ( clavicle #d ,l5g? ( v]tebral column1 z pres]v$ #ej ,l5g? ( a v]tebra #a4ge ,wid? ( a v]tebra #ej ,wid? ( body impression #ae ,l5g? ( hum]us #f ,m$ian wid? ( hum]us #ej ,wid? at end ( hum]us #b ,l5g? ( rib #h ,wid? ( rib #be ,! above-describ$ specim5 0 collect$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,lacoe1 ( ,pitt/on1 ,p5nsylvania1 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,a second individual 7,no4 #ddha1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum7 ( ?is species is indicat$ by a r poorly pres]v$ specim5 on a slab ( s(t coal f ! ,l9ton m9es4 ,! foll[+ portions ( ! animal h be5 detect$ & w be discuss$3 p>tial impression ( ! skull1 ) a fragm5t ( a m9ute jaw1 9 :i* are m9ute tee?2 "r clavicle2 "p ( ! impression ( ! body2 ne>ly entire left h9d limb2 impressions ( ab\t a doz5 v]tebr1 v indi/9ct4 ,! impression ( ! skull is di/9ct only 9 a favorable light1 & ev5 !n ! b\nd>ies ( ! cranium are a little unc]ta94 ,= ?is reason no repres5tation ( ! =m w be attempt$4 ,! sculptur+ on ! p>ietals is1 h[ev]1 di/9ct en\gh to %[ relation%ip ) ! previ\sly describ$ specim51 & ! =m ( ! body impression1 ! abs5ce ( abdom9al scutes1 ! %ape ( ! clavicle & its sculpture1 & ! proportions ( ! h9d limbs all agree ) ! *>act]s :i* h be5 assign$ to ! g5us ,tuditanus4 ,! fragm5t ( ! jaw is int]e/+ z giv+ ! fir/ in=mation z to ! "* ( ! m&ible 9 ! g5us ,tuditanus4 ,x is v sl5d] & ( uni=m wid? z f> z pres]v$4 ,! tee? are %ort1 blunt cones1 app>5tly pleurodont4 ,! clavicle is ( ! typical ,tuditanus =m1 ) ! sculptur+ l9es radiat+ out f ! angle4 ,! impression ( ! body adds no?+ to t already describ$ = ! type specim54 ,! ne>ly entire h9d limb is ( great int]e/ z add+ ano!r example ( ! phalangeal =mula4 ,! foot is almo/ p]fectly pres]v$1 & ! =mula 0 probably #b-b-c-c-b4 ,! endo*ondrium ( ! limb bones is n highly develop$4 ,ab\t a doz5 v]tebr are repres5t$ by molds 9 ! s(t coal1 b no?+ ( _! /ructure c be det]m9$4 ,! %>p1 reptile-l claws 9 :i* ! toes end 7fig4 #ba1 ,b7 recall ^? ( ,eosauravus & ( ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie4 ,x is ano!r l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! sugge/$ relation%ip betwe5 ! microsaurians & ! e>ly reptiles4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,second ,specim5 ( ,tuditanus walcotti ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire body impression #ge ,wid? across belly1 maximum #af ,l5g? ( skull 8#ag ,po/]ior wid? ( skull 8#ad ,l5g? ( fragm5t ( jaw #d ,wid? ( fragm5t ( jaw #a4e ,l5g? ( too? 9 jaw 4#be ,l5g? ( clavicle #h ,wid? ( clavicle1 maximum #d ,l5g? ( h9d limb #bb ,l5g? ( femur #h ,l5g? ( tibia 787 #f ,l5g? ( metat>sal #b ,l5g? ( fir/ digit #f ,g5us ,,erpetosaurus ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cdh1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #ba1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope4 ,skull /\t1 elem5ts sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves1 ridges1 & pits2 orbits l>ge & usually plac$ f> =w>d2 occiput sometimes ) po/]ior table2 skull m or less r\nd$2 lat]al-l9e canals consi/+ ( supraorbital1 suborbital1 jugal1 & temporal canals1 ! la/ two unit+ to =m a circul> canal 9 "o species2 clavicle triangul>1 sculptur$ l ! skull4 ,our k ( ! g5us is conf9$ to ! skull4 ,! g5us 0 e/abli%$ = c]ta9 memb]s ( ! g5us ,tuditanus & o!r =ms :i* h be5 rec5tly describ$4 ,! species ( ! g5us are3 ,e4 radiatus ,cope type1 ,e4 tabulatus ,cope1 ,e4 tub]culatus ,moodie1 ,e4 obtusus ,cope1 ,e4 m9utus ,moodie1 ,e4 acutiro/ris ,moodie1 ,e4 sculptilis ,moodie4 ,all ( ! species are f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures1 ) ! exception ( ,e4 sculptilis & ,e4 m9utus1 :i* are f ! ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania1 slates4 ,! position ( ! g5us z to family is a little unc]ta91 s9ce family *>act]s are n yet well und]/ood among ! ,c>bonif]\s =ms on acc\nt ( ! lack ( in=mation z to ! /ructure ( ! animals4 ,if we take ! abs5ce ( ! v5tral scutell z a family "*1 ! g5us w be 9 ! family ,tuditanid1 b ! evid5ce on ?is po9t is negative4 ,= ! pres5t we may place ! g5us only provisionally 9 ! family ,tuditanid4 ,! arrangem5t w und\bt$ly require revision lat]4 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bgc1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cid-cie1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #a2 pl4 xxxiv1 fig4 #c2 text-fig4 #aj1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cdh1 pl4 lxii1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfjj ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,locality & horizon3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #be1 fig4 #a47 ,cope orig9ally describ$ ?is species f a portion ( a skull4 ,he 7#abc7 *>act]iz$ ! =m z foll[s3 ,! m>k$ "* ( ?is =m is se5 9 ! v ant]ior position ( ! orbits & ! contraction ( ! muzzle4 ,! orbits are l>ge & are sep>at$ by a little m ?an _! own diamet]2 _! po/]ior bord] is 9 front ( a l9e measur+ ! ant]ior ?ird ( ! l5g? to ! supraoccipital cre/1 & ne>ly to ! l9e m>k+ ! f\r? ( ! l5g? to ! quadrate region4 ,! po/]ior outl9e ( ! skull is deeply concave1 ! quadrate angle project+ beyond ! occipital condyles4 ,! base ( ! specim5 is brok5 & !re is no place = ! occipital condyles4 ,unless ! specim5 has be5 mutilat$ s9ce ,cope /udi$ x1 ! occipital condyles are n pres5t4 ,! re/oration ( ! skull giv5 9 figure #bb1 ,b v>ies b little f t giv5 by ,cope 9 #ahge4 ,! elem5ts are practically z he repres5t$ !m4 ,! premaxill are small & lie 9 ! usual relations to ! o!r elem5ts4 ,m9ute conical tee? are pres5t z impressions4 ,!y are q simil> to ! tee? f\nd 9 o!r ,microsauria4 ,! nasals are ne>ly squ>e & =m ! inn] b\nd>y ( ! some:at oval no/ril1 :i* is repres5t$ by a depression 9 ! coal4 ,! frontal is elongate4 ,x is ab\t twice z long z wide4 ,x =ms a portion ( ! inn] bord] ( ! orbit1 ! rema9d] be+ made up by ! prefrontals & ! po/frontal4 ,! p>ietals are ! l>ge/ elem5ts ( ! skull1 b !y d n greatly exce$ ! jugals4 ,toge!r ! p>ietals =m a some:at obtuse oval 9 ! m$ian region ( ! skull & !y conta9 betwe5 !m1 9 _! po/]ior ?ird1 ! small circul> p9eal =am54 ,! po/p>ietal =ms ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! skull4 ,! pref r5tal =ms ! ant]ior bord] ( ! orbit & is triangul> 9 %ape4 ,! lacrimal is n id5tifi$4 ,! maxilla is an elongate elem5t ! b\nd>ies ( :i* are unc]ta91 ?\gh probably some:at z giv54 ,! po/frontal & ! po/orbital =m ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit1 inclos+ betwe5 !m ! ant]ior projection ( ! squamosal4 ,! squamosal is an elongate elem5t & is acum9ate at ea* end4 ,! tabul>e is a l>ge elem5t ly+ lat]al to ! po/p>ietal4 ,! jugal is a v elongate elem5t1 app>5tly acum9ate ant]iorly4 ,! quadratojugal is small & elongate4 ,! supratemporal is def9itely b\nd$ & its limits are z indicat$ 7fig4 #bb1 ,b71 be+ a l>ge elem5t :i* =ms ! quadrate angle4 ,!re are two o!r specim5s ( ?is species 9 ! collections & a fragm5t ( a f\r? :i* x is difficult to make out4 ,cope id5tifi$ & figur$ "o ( ^! z ,e4 radiatus 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pl4 #cd1 fig4 #c71 b ! id5tification is d\btful & ! figure %[s /ructures :i* ,i am unable to id5tify 9 ! specim54 ,no?+ ( importance is to be le>n$ f ! o!r two specim5s1 except t !y %[ a div]sity ( size4 ,!y consi/ ( incomplete skulls1 conc]n+ :i* ,cope 7#abc7 rem>ks3 ,!re are no muc\s canals4 ,! sculpture consi/s ( /rong ridges radiat+ & inosculat+4 ,radiation is m un9t]rupt$ on bo? jugal1 supratemporal1 & ant]ior "p ( ! tabul>e2 on ! fir/ !y orig9ate 9 front ( ! middle ext]iorly2 on ! supratemporal ne> ! ant]ior "p4 ,! inosculation is honeycomb-l on ! p>ietal1 po/frontal1 & po/]ior p>ts ( ! tabul>e4 ,measurem5t ( ! ,type ,specim54 mm4 ,l5g? ( ! skull along m$ian l9e 7e/imat$7 #fj ,l5g? f muzzle to quadrate angle #ga ,wid? at po/]ior bord] #fi ,wid? at orbits #dj ,l5g? ( orbit #i ,wid? ( orbit #h ,int]orbital wid? #h ,l5g? ( no/rils #b ,measurem5ts ( ,ano!r ,specim5 ( ! ,species4 7,no4 #heih ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory47 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #ef ,l5g? to quadrate angle #fa ,wid? at po/]ior bord] #ej ,l5g? ( orbit #g ,wid? ( orbit #f ,int]orbital wid? #d4e ,! specim5s ( ?is species 7 collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,erpetosaurus obtusus ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfh1 p4 #bac4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #ab1 fig4 #a1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cif1 fig4 #aa1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahhe1 ,,xxii1 p4 #djg 7,pal4 ,bull4 #dj74 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cej1 pl4 lx1 fig4 #b4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfja ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species1 ,tuditanus obtusus1 0 fir/ describ$ by ,pr(essor ,cope z ,d5dr]peton obtusum1 b he subsequ5tly ref]r$ ! species to ! g5us ,tuditanus4 ,x 0 remov$ by ! writ] to ! g5us ,erpetosaurus 9 #aiji4 ,! species is kn[n f two p>tially pres]v$ crania4 ,! skull elem5ts seem to h disappe>$ & left only ! impressions4 ,! sutures are1 = ! mo/ "p1 cle>ly repres5t$1 b ! skull %[s no sculptur+4 ,on ! po/]ior ?ird ( "o cranium !re is a small space :i* seems to be slightly sculptur$1 z ,cope indicat$ 9 8 draw+4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! skull is t ( a broad oval1 truncate po/]iorly4 ,! orbits lie 9 ! ant]ior ?ird ( ! skull1 & ! p9eal =am5 9 ! po/]ior ?ird4 ,cope comp>$ ! skull to t ( ,huxley's ,erpetocephalus1 to :i* x has "s resemblance4 ,! no/rils are elongate & are situat$ at an obtuse angle ) relation to ! ma9 axis ( ! skull4 ,! premaxilla is small & =ms ! inn] bord] ( ! no/ril4 ,!re seem to be impressions ( small tee?1 b no l>ge ones are evid5t4 ,! nasals are sep>at$ by a zigzag suture1 & are ne>ly squ>e4 ,!y h ! usual relations4 ,! frontals =m a portion ( ! inn] b\nd>y ( ! orbits & unite beh9d ) ! p>ietals1 ! ant]ior ext5sions ( :i* !y inclose4 ,! p>ietals are l>ge elem5ts & toge!r =m a broad oval1 truncate po/]iorly4 ,!y inclose betwe5 !m ! p9eal =am5 9 ! m$ian suture4 ,x lies 9 ! po/]ior f\r? ( ! p>ietals4 ,! po/p>ietals are elongate transv]sely1 & h ! usual relations4 ,! pref r5tal is some:at triangul> & =ms ! ant]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! lacrimal has n be5 detect$4 ,! maxilla is elongate1 & ) ! quadrate jugal =ms ! ext]ior bord] ( ! cranium4 ,no tee? are obs]v$ on ! maxilla4 ,! po/frontal & ! po/orbital =m ! po/]ior bord] ( ! orbit1 & betwe5 !m inclose ! ant]ior ext5sion ( ! squamosal4 ,! supratemporal is po9t$ ant]iorly & has ! usual relations ( t elem5t1 jo9+ ! po/orbital1 ! po/frontal1 ! p>ietal1 ! tabul>e1 & ! squamosal4 ,! tabul>e is l>g] ?an ! po/p>ietal & is acum9ate1 ! po9t be+ inclos$ by ! squamosal & ! supratemporal4 ,! jugal wid5s fan-%ap$ po/]iorly4 ,x =ms a portion ( ! bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! supratemporal1 z usual1 =ms ! quadrate angle ( ! skull4 ,9 front ( x lies ! elongate quadrate jugal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,a4 ,outl9e ( skull & cranial elem5ts ( ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton slates ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #b4 fr1 frontal2 mx1 maxilla2 p>1 p>ietal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 pr1 po/frontal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,b4 ,outl9e ( skull & cranial elem5ts ( ,erpetosaurus radiatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio2 p>tially re/or$4 #j4ge4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 fr1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 pf1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pr1 pref r5tal2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 qj1 quadratojugal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,c4 ,palate ( ,erpetosaurus 7tabulatus871 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ex1 exoccipital2 m1 m&ible2 mx1 maxilla2 pal1 palat9e2 pt1 pt]ygoid2 prv1 prevom]2 pd1 p>asph5oid2 x1 ant]ior & po/]ior palat9e vacuities4 ,d4 ,outl9e ( skull & cranial elem5ts ( ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #a4 ex1 exoccipital2 fr1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 or1 orbit2 po1 po/orbital2 p>1 p>ietal2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 pf1 po/frontal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,e4 ,outl9e ( l>g] "p ( skeleton ( ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #d4 h1 hum]us2 il1 ilium82 v1 v]tebr1 all ( :i* are n repres5t$4 ,f4 ,"r m&ible ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #b4 art1 articul>2 cor1 coronoid2 d1 d5t>y2 ang1 angul>2 sa1 surangul>4 ,g4 ,skull elem5ts & lat]al-l9e canals ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4e4 fr1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 jl1 jugal lat]al-l9e canal2 mx1 maxilla3 n1 nasal2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 po1 po/orbital2 pf1 lacrimal or prefrontal2 s1 suborbital lat]al-l9e canal2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 qj1 quadratojugal2 spo1 supraorbital lat]al-l9e canal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tm1 temporal lat]al-l9e canal2 tab1 tabul>e2 s1 supraoccipital cross-commissure ( lat]al-l9e canal4 ,d5dr]peton is n well en\gh kn[n = an exact comp>ison ) ,erpetosaurus obtusus1 b ,cope sep>at$ ! latt] f ,d5dr]peton on ! position ( ! orbits & ! broadly r\nd$ muzzle4 ,?is species diff]s f ! o!r species ( ! g5us 9 ! =m ( ! cranium1 z well z 9 ! *>act]s :i* sep>ate x f ,d5dr]peton4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,erpetosaurus obtusus ,cope4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( ! skull #dh ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord] #ef ,wid? across orbits #cg ,l5g? ( orbit #ab4e ,wid? ( orbit #g ,int]orbital space #ae ,diamet] ( no/ril #a4e ,diamet] ( p9eal =am5 #a4ge ,two o!r specim5s1 ,nos4 #hfjb ,g & #hfjh ,g ( ! ,am]ican ,museum1 are associat$ 9 ?is species4 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 p4 #egg 7,tuditanus tabulatus74 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 #ag1 p4 #eb1 figs4 #h1 #i1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cdg1 #cea1 pl4 #ei1 fig4 #b2 pl4 #fb1 fig4 #b1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,zoological ,collection ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #be1 fig4 #b47 ,! species is kn[n f a s+le well-pres]v$ skull & its obv]se 9 ! collection ( ,columbia ,univ]sity 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,ba%=d ,dean = ! privilege ( /udy+ ?is int]e/+ =m4 ,x is f ! ,l9ton deposits ( ,ohio4 ,! rema9s include a ne>ly complete cranium & a complete clavicle ( ! "r side4 ,! species agrees 9 all ess5tial respects ) ! *>act]s ( ! g5us ,erpetosaurus1 pres5t+ a broad1 flat head & a triangul> clavicle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ac ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson4 ,above3 ,skull1 m&ible1 & bones ( ant]ior limbs4 ,bel[3 ,po/]ior limb1 pelvis1 & bony scales4 ,ne>ly natural size4 ,erect tree1 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,coal =mation1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,photograph by ,dawson1 publi%$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,willey4 ,orig9al specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,! cranium is wid] ?an long1 ! muzzle broadly r\nd$4 ,! orbits are wide ovals1 & _! po/]ior bord]s fall little beh9d ! transv]se l9e divid+ ! skull equally4 ,! int]orbital wid? equals ! long diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,! po/]ior outl9e ( ! cranium is truncate 9 a /raight transv]se l9e betwe5 ! prom95t tabul>e angles4 ,! composition ( ! cranium is diff]5t f t ( any o!r species ( ,erpetosaurus 9 ! l>ge size ( ! tabul>e & ! fact t ! supratemporal is exclud$ f ! p>ietal by ! ext5sion ( ! po/orbitals & ! tabul>e4 ,?is may be a g5]ic "* & entitles ! species to be plac$ 9 a new g5us1 b x w be reta9$ "h until m ( ! anatomy ( ! species is kn[n4 ,! elem5ts ( ! ant]ior "p ( ! skull are n pres]v$1 b !y are indicat$ by ! brok5 l9es 9 ! draw+ 7fig4 #bb1 ,g74 ,! no/rils are1 h[ev]1 cle>ly indicat$ z bosses ( %ale4 ,!re is a m]e fragm5t ( ! nasal pres]v$ po/]ior to ! crack indicat$ by ! transv]se l9e 9 ! draw+4 ,! frontal is elongate z 9 o!r species ( ! g5us & =ms ! inn] bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! p>ietal1 z usual1 is "o ( ! l>g] bones ( ! skull ro( & ! p9eal =am5 is inclos$ 9 ! m$ian suture by ! two p>ietal elem5ts4 ,! p9eal op5+ lies 9 ! po/]ior half ( ! p>ietal4 ,! po/p>ietal is almo/ squ>e1 be+ slightly elongate transv]sely1 unit+ lat]ally ) ! tabul>e1 ) :i* x =ms ! truncate table ( ! skull4 ,! suture sep>at+ ! tabul>e f ! supratemporal is cle>ly di/9ct4 ,al?\gh su* a position = ! supratemporal is unusual x is n unique1 s9ce ! same "* has be5 obs]v$ 9 ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie1 describ$ else:]e 7p4 #abj7 9 ?is pap]4 ,! po/frontal is r small & x1 toge!r ) ! po/orbital1 =ms ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! po/orbital is truncate po/]iorly & jo9s ! tabul>e broadly4 ,! supratemporal lies po/]ior to ! po/orbital & jugal & bord]s ! quadratojugal1 :i* is an unusual condition1 b :at significance ! condition has rema9s to be det]m9$4 ,po/]ior to ! supratemporal lies ! squamosal1 :i* =ms ! quadrate angle ( ! skull4 ,! quadratojugal is a small elem5t & =ms "p ( ! lat]al b\nd>y ( ! skull4 ,! jugal is a l>ge elem5t & =ms ! entire lat]al bord] ( ! orbit4 ,!re are no tee? pres]v$ on ! fragm5t ( ! maxilla1 b !re are "s impressions f>!r =w>d :i* resemble ! pleurodont d5ticles ( ! mod]n ,amphibia4 ,! sculpture ( ! surface ( ! cranial bones consi/s ( p>allel ridges :i* are sep>at$ by grooves equal to !m 9 wid?4 ,! ridges radiate inw>d on ! squamosals & f r5tals & outw>d on ! supratemporals4 ,!y are some:at int]rupt$ on ! o!r skull elem5ts4 ,! "r clavicle is ornam5t$ ) a sculpture ( simil> radiat+ grooves & ridges4 ,cope describ$ an atlas 9 connection ) ?is skull1 b ,i d n f9d x4 ,! sl5d] impressions to ! "r ( ! clavicle may possibly repres5t ribs4 ,!y are g5tly curv$ & truncate at ! inn] end4 ,a ne>ly complete sy/em ( lat]al-l9e canals has be5 detect$ on ?is skull4 ,! canals pres]v$ are3 ! temporal1 ! jugal1 ! infraorbital1 ! occipital cross-commissure1 & ! supraorbital4 ,^! t]ms 7 us$ = ! fir/ "t = ! ,amphibia by ! writ] 7#deh7 9 a discussion ( ! organs & _! significance 9 ! correlation ( ! skull elem5ts4 ,! occipital cross-commissure 9 ! pres5t skull is repres5t$ by a r[ ( elongate pits1 su* z ,&rews 7#h7 has describ$ = ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,engl&4 ,! cross-commissure is conta9$ )9 ! tabul>e4 ,! jugal & temporal canals =m a complete r+1 mu* z ! same canals d 9 ,trematosaurus4 ,! supratemporal 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope is exclud$ f ! p>ietal by ! ext5sion ( ! tabul>e & ! po/orbital1 & x is to be notic$ t ! temporal canal has a *ang$ position to correspond ) ! *ang$ condition ( ! squamosal4 ,?is is ( consid]able int]e/ 9 connection ) ! correlation ( ! supratemporal 9 fi%es & amphibians4 ,?is subject has be5 fully treat$ 9 ano!r place 7#deh7 & x w only be necess>y to /ate "h t on ! basis ( ! lat]al-l9e canals & _! arrangem5t 9 fi%es & ! ,amphibia ! true correlation ( ! supratemporal elem5ts 9 amphibians & fi%es has be5 made4 ,! temporal canal 9 ! pres5t specim5 has1 app>5tly1 an indication ( a connection ) ! supraorbital canal1 b ( ?is ,i am n sure4 ,! jugal canal occurs on ! supratemporal & quadratojugal1 & x jo9s ! infraorbital on ! jugal4 ,! infraorbital is indicat$ by a %ort portion a few millimet]s long "u ! orbit & ! rema9d]1 i4e41 its connection ) ! jugal canal1 is re/or$ 7fig4 #bb1 ,g74 ,!re is1 no?+ unusual to be obs]v$ 9 t portion ( ! infraorbital canal :i* is pres]v$4 ,! supraorbital canal is indicat$ by a curv$1 broad1 %all[ groove on ! inn] side ( ea* orbit4 ,z /at$ above1 !re seems to be a connection betwe5 ?is canal & ! temporal1 b ,i am n sure4 ,! primitive conditions %[n 9 ! lat]al-l9e canals 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope are ! pres5ce ( ! occipital cross-commissure & ! r+-l =mation ( ! temporal & jugal canals1 :i* is too cle>ly indicat$ to be ov]look$4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #bi ,wid? ( skull1 po/]ior bord]1 e/imat$ #cg ,wid? betwe5 tabul>e angles #ah ,l5g? ( orbit #h ,wid? ( orbit #f4e ,diamet] ( no/ril #a ,diamet] ( p9eal =am5 #a ,l5g? ( "r clavicle #ac ,wid? ( "r clavicle #e4e ,m&ible ,provisionally ,associat$ ,) ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cea-ceb1 pl4 lix1 fig4 #b2 pl4 lxiv1 fig4 #c1 #aiji4 ,?is specim5 is pres]v$ almo/ completely on a slab ( s(t coal4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e positively to :at microsaurian species ! m&ible belongs1 b x may1 = ! pres5t1 be associat$ ) ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope on acc\nt ( its size & ! "* ( its sculpture4 ,?is is ! fir/ & almo/ ! only kn[n example ( a m&ible ( an ,am]ican microsaurian4 ,! =m ( ! jaw is p]fectly pres]v$1 al?\gh ! condition ( ! articul> surface c n be det]m9$4 ,! proportions ( ! m&ible1 z maybe judg$ f ! table ( measurem5ts1 are r /\t & ! tee? are /rong & num]\s4 ,!re are evid5ces ( #ai tee? pres]v$4 ,! sutures sep>at+ ! articul> 7art71 angul> 7ang71 surangul> 7sa71 coronoid 7cor71 & ! d5t>y 7d7 7fig4 #bb1 ,f7 are cle> = at lea/ ! great] "p ( _! l5g? & !y may be easily re/or$ = ! rema9d] ( _! c\rse4 ,! surangul> is ?us se5 to rival ! d5t>y 9 size & on x occurs ! peculi> sculptur+ :i* approximates s closely t on ! skull ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 ,! pres5ce ( ! long ant]ior too? is /rik+ly *>act]i/ic ( _m ,microsauria4 ,x is well develop$ 9 ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie & ,sauropleura 7,anisodexis7 en*odus ,cope4 ,x is also pres5t 9 well-develop$ =m 9 ! lat] labyr9?odonts4 ,! tee? are all1 ) ! exception ( ! f\r? f ! ant]ior end1 r %ort1 curv$1 & %>ply po9t$1 ) an indication ( longitud9al flut+4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! m&ibul> elem5ts recalls 9 a /rik+ way ! m&ible ( ,eryops megacephalus ,cope z figur$ by ,branson 7#di74 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,m&ible ,provisionally ,associat$ ,) ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 7,no4 #hedb ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory47 mm4 ,l5g? ( m&ible #cb ,po/]ior wid? across surangul> #f ,wid? ( d5t>y #c ,wid? ( jaw at tip #a4e ,l5g? ( "o ( ! po/]ior tee? #a4be ,wid? across base ( same too? 4#ej ,l5g? ( long ant]ior too? #b ,wid? ( same too? at base 4#ge ,ano!r specim5 ( ?is same species is #heej ,g1 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum4 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,,palate ,,( ,,erpetosaurus ,,tabulatus ,,cope4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #ceb-ced1 pl4 lxi1 fig4 #b1 #aiji4 ,! specim5 is half a cranium ) its impression4 ,x is ref]r$ to ,erpetosaurus on ! basis ( ! sculptur+ ( ! m&ible & ! po/]ior table ( ! skull4 ,on ! surangul> !re is se5 ! rugosity :i* is common to o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! *>act]s pres5t$ are ^? ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 b ! ref]5ce is r unc]ta94 ,! specim5 is unique among ! kn[n ,am]ican mat]ial 9 %[+ ! /ructure ( ! palate4 ,jaekel 7#cdg7 has figur$ & describ$ ! palate ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope f ! ,l9ton b$s4 ,! pres5t palate diff]s f t species only 9 ! enl>g$ ectopt]ygoid & ! small] palat9e4 ,! p>asph5oid1 9 ! pres5t =m1 does n diff] f t elem5t 9 o!r ,paleozoic ,amphibia4 ,its =m is sl5d]1 aris+ f an enl>g$ base & sep>at+ ! pt]ygoids by its own wid?4 ,! exoccipitals are probably repres5t$ 9 ! specim5 & !y h be5 indicat$ 9 ! draw+ 7fig4 #bb ,c74 ,!y are r l>ge & ext5d "s di/ance "u ! base ( ! skull to unite ant]iorly ) ! pt]ygoids1 a v unusual arrangem5t4 ,! pt]ygoids are elongate elem5ts & are b\nd$ ant]iorly by ! vom] & lat]ally by ! ectopt]ygoid4 ,! vom] %[s no evid5ce ( be+ too!d1 al?\gh x may h be5 s ant]iorly4 ,! same may also be said = ! palat9es4 ,! relations ( ! ectopt]ygoids are r unusual = ! ,amphibia1 especially 9 ! po/]ior ext5sion ( ! elem5t4 ,! bone lies all along ! side ( ! pt]ygoid & ant]iorly projects =w>d betwe5 ! pt]ygoid & ! palat9e4 ,9 ?is unusual po/]ior projection ! ectopt]ygoid has almo/ oblit]at$ ! infratemporal =am51 :i* possibly may be /ill repres5t$ by ! triangul> space betwe5 ! bases ( ! pt]ygoid & ! ectopt]ygoid4 ,! ant]ior palat9e =am5 7int]nal n>es7 lies betwe5 ! ant]ior ends ( ! palat9e & ! vom]1 its usual relations 9 ! labyr9?odonts4 ,! =am5 may be recogniz$ z ! r\nd$ depression slightly ant]ior to ! palat9e4 ,! m&ible is r heavy & is co>sely sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves & ridges4 ,! "* ( ! tee? c n be det]m9$1 save to say t !y 7 pres5t4 ,! po/]ior end ( ! m&ible projects some:at beyond ! quadrate angle ( ! skull4 ,! int]e/ 9 ! pres5t specim5 is height5$ by ! light x ?r[s on ! *>act]s = ! sep>ation ( ! ,amphibia & ,reptilia4 ,! wide sep>ation ( ! pt]ygoids by ! p>asph5oid is an amphibian "* ( und\bt$ value4 ,! r$uction ( ! p>asph5oid 9 ?is specim5 is notewor?y4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,skull ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 7,no4 #hfjg ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory47 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull 9 m$ian l9e #de ,e/imat$ po/]ior wid? ( skull #ej ,e/imat$ wid? ( p>asph5oid #f ,wid? ( pt]ygoid #e ,l5g? ( ectopt]ygoid #ag ,po/]ior wid? ( m&ible #ab ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 pp4 #ba-bc1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #dede1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,cannelton slates1 ,p5nsylvania 7,upp] ,freeport74 7,plate #bj ,d47 ,! specim5 on :i* ! species is bas$ is compos$ ( ! great] portion ( a small skull pres]v$ 9 ! h>d %ale f ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania1 & 0 collect$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,lacoe1 ( ,pitt/on1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! *>act]s ( ! specim5 _h n previ\sly be5 det]m9$1 s9ce ! museum label & numb] _h p>tially obscur$ ! sn\t ( ! skull4 ,! skull is v small1 b has ! =m assum$ by o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! specim5 may belong to a "y individual1 b ev5 ?\gh x does1 x is1 nev]!less1 q di/9ct f ! o!r species ( ,erpetosaurus4 ,at fir/ sight ! specim5 looks l a brok5 scute ( "s l>g] =m4 ,close inspection1 h[ev]1 reveal$ ! two impressions repres5t+ ! orbits1 & a ,zeiss b9ocul> reveal$ ! *>act]s4 ,! l>ge size & ant]ior position ( ! orbits1 ! "* ( ! sculptur+1 ! pres5ce ( ! po/]ior table ( ! skull1 z 9 ,erpetosaurus 7,tuditanus7 tabulatus ,cope1 are ! *>act]s on :i* a specific diagnosis is possible4 ,! specific *>act]s :i* di/+ui% ?is =m f ,e4 tabulatus ,cope1 its ne>e/ ally1 are ! slight developm5t ( ! po/]ior table1 ! m delicate =m ( ! sculptur+1 ! m po/]ior position ( ! orbits1 & ! v>y+ %ape assum$ by ! p>ietals 9 ! two species4 ,any "o ( ^! *>act]s w\ld be valid z a specific "*4 ,! p9eal eye is indi/9ct1 b is obs]v$ to lie 9 ! brok5 tract 9 ! m$ian l9e ( ! skull1 9 ! middle ( ! portion po/]ior to ! orbits4 ,! int]orbital space is equal to ! wid? ( ! orbit4 ,! orbits !mselves are slightly oval & n r\nd1 z 9 ! case ( ,e4 tabulatus ,cope4 ,! skull elem5ts are sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves & ridges1 & on ! po/p>ietals & tabul>e ! grooves take ! =m ( pits 9 a r[1 :i* und\bt$ly repres5t ! occipital cross-commissure ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em fir/ obs]v$ 9 a microsaurian by ,&rews 7#h7 9 ! skull ( ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley4 ,! supraorbital canal is repres5t$ by a slight elongate depression obs]vable ov] ea* orbit & ext5d+1 9 "o case1 = ab\t #e mm4 ,! pres5ce ( ! circul> arrangem5t ( ! lat]al-l9e canals 9 ! jugal region is sugge/$ by a depression on ! po/]ior edge ( ! squamosal4 ,! portion ( ! skull ant]ior to ! orbits is want+1 curi\sly en\gh1 j z 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope4 ,9 ! rema9d] ( ! skull1 ! po/-p>ietals1 ! tabul>e1 ! p>ietals1 ! supratemporal1 & a portion ( ! "r frontal c be detect$1 al?\gh ! b\nd>ies ( b ?ree c be accurately def9$4 ,! depression b\nd+ ! ant]ior outl9e ( ! skull is tak5 to be ! impress ( ! m&ible1 9 :i* case ?is /ructure w\ld be ( "s dep?1 z 9 ! case ( ! m&ible associat$ ) ,e4 tabulatus ,cope1 describ$ bel[4 ,?is specim5 is ( int]e/ 9 respect to ! pres5ce ( ! lat]al-l9e canals1 its small size1 & its g5]ic id5tity ) =ms f ,ohio4 ,!re is /ill ano!r =m kn[n f ! ,cannelton slates1 describ$ bel[ z ,erpetosaurus 7,tuditanus7 sculptilis ,moodie4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull #ah ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #ag ,wid? ( skull across orbits #ad ,l5g? ( orbit #d4e ,wid? ( orbit #c4e ,int]orbital wid? #c4e ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 #ag1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #fa1 figs4 #aa1 #ab1 #aiji 7,tuditanus sculptilis74 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cdg1 #aiji 7,erpetosaurus sculptilis74 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bb1 #aiji 7describes pectoral girdle74 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ab1cae1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,walk] ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,cannelton slates1 ,p5nsylvania 7,upp] ,freeport74 7,plate #ah47 ,!re is pres]v$ 9 ! collections ( ,walk] ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago a small amphibian skull press$ flat on a slab ( slate f ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x =m$ "p ( ! ,hall collection acquir$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago 9 #aijh4 ,! specim5 pres5ts only a portion ( ! skull & fragm5t>y pectoral plates4 ,! skull is wid] ?an long & ! muzzle is broadly r\nd$4 ,! orbits are n>r[ ovals & _! po/]ior bord] falls on ! transv]se l9e divid+ ! skull equally4 ,! int]orbital wid? is slightly great] ?an ! wid? ( ! orbits & ab\t equal to _! l5g?4 ,! po/]ior outl9e ( ! skull is some:at truncate1 z 9 ,e4 tabulatus ,cope & o!r species ( ! g5us4 ,! di/al extremities ( ! quadrates d n project z f> backw>d z d ! supraoccipitals4 ,! skull ro( is =m$ ( ! regul> elem5ts1 except t a quadrate seems to be indicat$ by a scale ( bone on ! po/]ior angle4 ,! no/rils are oval & ! p9eal op5+ is small4 ,! premaxill are app>5tly relatively l>ge elem5ts1 ?\gh _! b\nd>ies are n def9ite4 ,! nasal is ( an oblong %ape & bord]s ! frontal ant]iorly4 ,! frontal =ms ! :ole ( ! int]ior bord] ( ! orbit & bord]s ! p>ietal broadly beh9d4 ,! p>ietal is a l>ge elem5t & ! p9eal =am5 is inclos$ 9 ! m$ian suture ab\t midway ( ! p>ietals4 ,! po/p>ietal is wid] ?an long & ) ! tabul>e =ms ! great] "p ( ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull4 ,! prefrontal 7plate #ah1 fig4 #a7 app>5tly =ms ! entire ant]ior bord] ( ! orbit & s5ds an acum9ate projection to ! side ( x4 ,! maxilla is exclud$ f ! orbit & is an elongate elem5t ) %>p conical tee?1 ( :i* !re are #d pres]v$4 ,^! measure ab\t #a mm4 9 l5g?4 ,! jugal lies along ! lat]al bord] ( ! orbit & x is acum9ate bo? ant]iorly & po/]iorly4 ,x bord]s ! supratemporal broadly4 ,! po/frontal =ms ! great] "p ( ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,x is triangul> & acum9ate beh9d1 & is bord]$ broadly by ! p>ietal & supratemporal4 ,! supratemporal is also triangul> & x bord]s ! p>ietal broadly4 ,! squamosal is evid5tly ! l>ge/ elem5t 9 ! skull & on its po/]ior corn] !re is a flake ( bone :i* may repres5t ! quadrate1 ?\gh ?is is by no means c]ta94 ,! quadrate has n be5 detect$ 9 any ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,microsauria s f> /udi$4 ,! tabul>e is an elongate elem5t 9 ! transv]se l9e ( ! skull4 ,its entire b\nd>y is unc]ta91 ?\gh "p ( ! sutures are pres5t4 ,! quadratojugal is elongate & lies po/]ior to ! maxilla & ) t elem5t =ms ! lat]al b\nd>y ( ! skull4 ,! canals ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em h n be5 detect$ on ! skull4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! cranial elem5ts consi/s ( grooves & ridges :i* radiate f a c5t]4 ,!y are m prom95t on ! p>ietals ?an else:]e1 al?\gh ! o!r skull elem5ts pres5t a /rong sculptur+4 ,!re are also pres]v$ on ! slab ( slate1 ab\t #aj mm4 po/]ior to ! skull1 fragm5ts ( ! pectoral plates1 probably repres5t+ ! clavicles & ! int]clavicle4 ,!y are s badly fractur$ t _! =m c n be det]m9$4 ,no limbs or v]tebr h be5 obs]v$4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull 9 m$ian l9e #bj ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord] 7e/imat$7 #bd ,diamet] ( orbit #c ,l5g? ( orbit #d ,int]orbital space #d ,diamet] ( no/ril - #a ,p9eal =am51 diamet] 4#ej ,pectoral ,girdle ,provisionally ,associat$ ,) ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bb1 #aiji4 ,! pres5t specim5 is pres]v$ on a block ( slate f ,cannelton1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is associat$ ) ! previ\sly describ$ ,erpetosaurus sculptilis ,moodie on acc\nt ( its size1 ! geological & geographical di/ribution1 & ! "* ( ! sculpture4 ,x may p]ta9 to an unkn[n species4 ,o!r rema9s besides ! #c elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle are pres]v$ on ! block ( slate1 b !y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 too imp]fectly pres]v$ = recognition4 ,"s ( !m are phalanges1 & ,i believe ,i detect a scapula 9 ! r\nd$ curv$ plate ly+ ne> ! "r clavicle4 ,! #c pectoral elem5ts1 ! int]clavicle & ! #b clavicles1 are pres]v$ intact1 ) ! v5tral surface upp]mo/4 ,! specim5 is p>ticul>ly important 9 t x furni%es fur!r evid5ce ( ! simplicity ( ! microsaurian pectoral girdle1 :i* ,jaekel reg>d$ 7#cdg7 z be+ extremely complex1 9 "o species at lea/1 ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope4 ,! #c elem5ts are brok51 b ei!r ! elem5ts or _! impressions are pres5t1 s t id5tification is possible4 ,! elem5ts are sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves & ridges1 z 9 s _m ( ! ,microsauria4 ,! int]clavicle is spatulate & be>s a g5]al resemblance to ! same elem5t ( ,metoposaurus fraasi ,lucas f ! ,triassic 7#chc7 ( ,arizona4 ,! clavicles are triangul>1 ) r\nd$ angles & ! hypo!nuse on ! int]ior bord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ad #a & #b4 ,photograph ( ! specim5 ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales4 #a4e4 ,orig9al 9 possession ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,daniels1 ,roll+ ,prairie1 ,indiana4 #c4 ,specim5 ( ,sauropleura 7,colo/eus7 scutellata ,newb]ry1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures4 ,! species 0 ! fir/ kn[n ( ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures ,amphibia2 at fir/ ascrib$ by ,newb]ry to ! fi%es1 b lat] correctly id5tifi$ by ,cope4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #d4 ,! type ( ,dic]atosaurus 7,c]at]peton7 punctol9eatus ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,measurem5ts ( ,pectoral ,girdle ( ,specim5 ,no4 #deci1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 mm4 ,wid? across ! entire girdle #ag ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #ae ,wid? ( int]clavicle #aj ,l5g? ( clavicle #aa ,wid? ( clavicle1 maximum #f ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cdi-cea1 pl4 lxi1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #heih ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! pres5t species adds ano!r =m to ! div]sity ( /ructure pres5t$ by ! ,c>bonif]\s ,microsauria4 ,x is closely alli$ to ,erpetosaurus 7,tuditanus7 obtusus ,cope1 f ! same b$s 7,l9ton1 ,ohio71 b diff]s f x especially 9 ! position & %ape ( ! orbits & ! acute =m ( ! skull4 ,o!r *>act]s :i* am\nt almo/ to g5]ic significance are f\nd 9 ! po/]ior prolongation ( ! frontal & 9 ! triangul> =m ( ! skull4 ,only ! skull ( ! animal is pres]v$4 ,! "* :i* is common to all memb]s ( ! g5us ,erpetosaurus1 ! cranial rugosity1 is pres5t 9 ?is species on ! squamosal & supratemporal4 ,?is "* alone w\ld n1 h[ev]1 suffice to sep>ate ! =m g5]ically1 b ! g5]al morphology & arrangem5t ( ! cranial elem5ts is su* t ref]5ce to any o!r g5us save ,erpetosaurus w\ld n be possible4 ,! skull ( ,e4 acutiro/ris takes ! =m ( a r\nd$ triangle4 ,its base is "s #ej mm4 9 ext5t1 & ?is wid? gradually n>r[s to #ca mm4 across ! orbits & /ill m t[>ds ! sn\t4 ,! =m ( ! skull is n widely diff]5t f t ( ! type species1 ,e4 radiatus ,cope1 b ! diff]5ces are suffici5tly app>5t4 ,ne>ly all ! elem5ts ( ! cranium c be detect$ 7fig4 #bb1 ,d74 ,! bony portion ( ! cranium has ne>ly all be5 lo/1 leav+ only ! impression2 & ! matrix 9 :i* ! skull 0 emb$d$ has be5 =c$ up into ! sutures betwe5 ! cranial elem5ts1 ?us =m+ ragg$ ridges :]e ! bones ( ! skull jo9$4 ,! position ( ! no/rils c n be det]m9$ accurately4 ,! orbits are plac$ well =w>d1 a "* common to sev]al species ( ! g5us4 ,! int]orbital space is equal to ! long diamet] ( ! eye4 ,! orbits are sep>at$ by n>r[ prolongations ( ! po/frontals & by ! ant]ior portion ( ! frontals4 ,! frontals are rem>kable 9 _! great backw>d ext5sion4 ,9 ,e4 obtusus ! frontals are ne>ly conf9$ to ! int]orbital space4 ,! p>ietals1 :i*1 on ! m$ian suture1 inclose ! p>ietal =am51 lie well po/]ior1 & ! p>ietals & ! tabul>e are small4 ,a portion ( ! sculptur+ ( ^! elem5ts has be5 pres]v$ & x is se5 to be made up ( pits & elevations mu* z we f9d 9 ! skull ( ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope4 ,! left squamosal also %[s sculptur+1 :i* "h t5ds to take ! =m ( grooves & ridges1 & also ( pits & elevations4 ,x is q probable t ! ant]ior portion ( ! skull 0 ornam5t$ ) grooves & ridges & und\bt$ly ! lat]al-l9e canals 7 well develop$4 ,! po/frontals & ! po/orbitals are bo? l>ge & elongat$4 ,! po/orbital is especially l>ge4 ,! supratemporal app>5tly sep>ates ! tabul>e & ! squamosal 9 _! po/]ior extremities4 ,! squamosal projects po/]iorly to ! tabul>e & app>5tly ev5 goes beyond ! limits ( ! exoccipital4 ,! outl9es ( ! jugal are fairly def9ite1 z are also ! limits ( ! maxilla4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ! ,skull ( ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull #ej ,int]orbital space #i ,wid? ( orbit #g ,l5g? ( orbit #aj ,wid? across orbits #ca ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #ej ,diamet] ( p9eal =am5 #a ,l5g? f tip ( sn\t to po/]ior angle ( skull #fe ,an additional specim5 %[s t ! skull1 ( :i* ! ant]ior half is pres]v$1 is practically ( ! same size z ! type & %[s mu* ! same *>act]s1 ?\gh m ext5sively4 ,! sculpture ( ! squamosal region is n conf9$ to t portion ( ! skull1 b ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! cranial elem5ts1 app>5tly includ+ ! premaxill4 ,! sutures1 :i* are cle>ly di/9ct1 are ( ! same type z has be5 describ$ = ! type specim54 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ *>act]s discov]$ on ! pres5t specim5 is t ( ! great] "p ( ! left supraorbital lat]al-l9e canal1 :i* is exhibit$ z a r deep & broad canal runn+ 9 a slight curve across ! l[] edges ( ! po/orbital & ! p>ietals & p>tly cutt+ ! jugal4 ,on ! left ( ! fossil1 z x is pres]v$1 !re is an indi/9ct impression ( ! clavicle1 ) ! sculpture 9 radiat+ l9es f ! apex z a c5t]1 su* z h be5 f\nd 9 o!r species ( ! ,tuditanid4 ,measurem5ts ( ,additional ,specim54 7,no4 #hfjg1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory47 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull z pres]v$ #dj ,ant]ior wid? across orbital region #bb ,greate/ wid? ( ! skull #cc ,l5g? ( clavicle #ah ,greate/ wid? ( clavicle #i ,/ill a ?ird specim5 ( ?is species is possibly repres5t$ by a ne>ly complete skull ( a small individual :i* exposes ! m&ible & ! v5tral portion ( ! skull4 ,! rema9s are cru%$ flat1 ?\gh n at all di/ort$4 ,x is q possible t ! pres5t specim5 repres5ts a di/9ct species1 b only a small portion ( ! dorsum is pres5t & ! %ape ( ! cranium is indi/9ct1 s x is reta9$ 9 ?is species4 ,! portion ( ! skull %[s ! sculpture to be q simil> to t ( ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris1 s f> z ! species is kn[n2 & ! skull app>5tly tap]s to a po9t ant]iorly4 ,x may be a dw>f$ or immature =m4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! jaw is su* z we w\ld expect ( ?is species4 ,! specim5 is ab\t half ! size ( ! type4 ,! palate ( ! skull is well pres]v$ & is extremely int]e/+4 ,! sutures sep>at+ ! v>i\s palatal elem5ts are n di/9ct4 ,! p>asph5oid is especially l>ge & ! exoccipitals are p>tly ossifi$1 if we may judge by ! project+ condyles4 ,ant]iorly ! p>asph5oid contracts & !n exp&s & on ea* side ( ! exp&$ "p lie fragm5ts ( ! palat9es4 ,to ! "r ( ! po/]ior end ( ! p>asph5oid lies a portion ( ! dorsal elem5t %[+ ! cranial sculpture4 ,! left m&ible is some:at displac$ to ! "r ( ! skull1 & cru%$ & wea!r$ to su* an ext5t t ! sutures are entirely oblit]at$4 ,!re are #c tee?1 ) indications ( o!rs4 ,!y are typically pleurodont & %>p & sl5d]4 ,! m&ible tap]s some:at ant]iorly & at ! tip be>s an elongate enl>g$ too?4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,?ird ,specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus acutiro/ris ,moodie 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull1 z pres]v$ #be ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #ae ,ant]ior wid? ( skull #aj ,wid? across occipital condyles #d ,l5g? ( m&ible #be ,ant]ior wid? ( m&ible #b ,l5g? ( l>ge too? #a ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cdh-cdi1 pl4 lviii1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,nos4 #hfic ,g & #hfaj ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species is bas$ on a fragm5t>y cranium 7plate #bf1 fig4 #a7 consi/+ ( ! po/]ior "p ( ! "r side ( ! skull4 ,its association 9 ! g5us is solely on ! "* ( ! sculptur+ ( ! cranial elem5ts4 ,x is mo/ closely relat$1 9 ! *>act]s pres]v$1 to ! =m describ$ by ,cope z ,tuditanus radiatus1 f :i* x diff]s especially 9 ! "* ( ! sculpture & 9 ! position ( ! orbits1 z well z ! arrangem5t & size ( ! v>i\s cranial elem5ts1 s f> z ^! elem5ts c be detect$ 9 ! pres5t specim54 ,9 ,erpetosaurus radiatus ! skull is sculptur$ by radiat+ grooves & ridges :i* did n arise f a def9ite c5t]4 ,9 ,e4 tub]culatus ?is c5t] ( radiation is m>k$ by an elevation or tub]cle on ea* cranial elem5t expos$1 f :i* ! grooves & ridges radiate outw>d4 ,^! tub]cles h an elevation ( #d mm4 above ! cranial elem5t prop]4 ,! orbit is locat$ ne> ! m$ian l9e ( ! skull1 s f> z c be det]m9$4 ,9 ,e4 radiatus ,cope ! orbits are locat$ well =w>d4 ,9 t species also ! po/p>ietal is small] ?an 9 ! pres5t species & ! squamosal is long] & m sl5d]4 7,plate #be1 fig4 #a47 ,! fragm5t ( a skull on :i* ! above comp>ison has be5 made consi/s ( ! "r po/p>ietal1 a portion ( ! tabul>e1 ! p>ietal1 ! frontal1 & a portion ( ! squamosal4 ,! o!r elem5ts are n cle>4 ,! elem5ts 9 ! m$ian l9e are elongate1 z 9 ,erpetosaurus radiatus4 ,! p9eal =am5 is locat$ well back on ! m$ian l9e & lies po/]ior to two-?irds ( ! l5g? ( ! p>ietals4 ,! sutures sep>at+ ! frontal & p>ietal elem5ts f ea* o!r 9 ! m$ian l9e are ( ! zigzag =m s *>act]i/ic ( ! labyr9?odonts4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( portion ( skull pres]v$ #eb ,wid? across tabul>e 7e/imat$7 #fj ,l5g? ( p>ietal #ae ,maximum wid? ( p>ietal #aa ,l5g? ( frontal #bb ,wid? ( frontal #ab ,g5us ,,odont]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #ai1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s may be f\nd 9 ! triangul> %ape ( ! skull1 ! l>ge size ( ! tee?1 ! %ape ( ! v]tebr1 ! small size ( ! orbits1 & _! ant]ior position z %[n 9 ! type specim5 7fig4 #bb1 ,e74 ,! "n ( ! g5us is d]iv$ f ! rem>kable size ( ! tee? z comp>$ ) ! size ( ! skull4 ,odont]peton triangul>is ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #ai1 pl4 #f1 fig4 #c1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ddfe1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! specim5 describ$ "u ! above "n is a repres5tative ( ! smalle/ species ( ! ,microsauria s f> describ$ f ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,or?oco/a microscopica ,frits*1 f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,bohemia1 is a rival ( ! pres5t =m 9 size1 b ! =m describ$ by ,frits* is an entirely diff]5t animal & 0 =m]ly includ$ among ! s-call$ ,ai/opoda1 :i* are reg>d$ by ! writ] z m]ely specializ$ microsaurians4 ,! pres5t =m %[s cle> aff9ities ) ! ,microsauria4 ,z may be se5 by ref]r+ to ! li/ ( measurem5ts1 ! skull ( ?is =m measures only #f4e mm4 9 l5g?4 ,! =m may possibly be l>val1 ?\gh ,i d n ?9k s1 if ,i may judge f ! well-develop$ condition ( ! skull bones & ! complete ossification ( ! v]tebr4 ,! sides ( ! skull are equal & ! occiput is a /raight table1 s t ! skull =ms almo/ an exact equilat]al triangle4 ,! orbits are v small & are plac$ well =w>d4 ,! int]orbital space is f\r times t ( ! diamet] ( ! orbit1 a v unusual "* & 9 itself wor?y ( rank+ z a g5]ic "*4 ,! m$ian suture ( ! skull is zigzag & incloses ! m9ute p>ietal =am5 ne> ! po/]ior end ( ! skull4 ,! relations ( ! elem5ts ( ! skull1 ) ! exceptions ( ^? ( ! frontals & p>ietals1 c n be det]m9$ ) accuracy1 al?\gh !re are "h & !re indications ( sutures4 ,! *>act]s ( ! cranial elem5ts1 s f> z !y c be det]m9$1 are ^? ( ! family ,tuditanid1 & ! =m may1 = ! pres5t1 be reg>d$ z a memb] ( t gr\p4 ,! tee? are v long1 sl5d]1 & %>p1 & are plac$ close toge!r4 ,!re is no indication ( flut+ on ! tee?4 ,!y are slightly curv$ inw>d4 ,!re are #ac v]tebr pres5t4 ,! c5tra are h\r-glass %ap$1 & are app>5tly phyllospondyl\s1 ) ! noto*ord l>gely p]si/5t4 ,! v]tebral c5tra are unusually long & sl5d]1 ) ! ends r\nd$4 ,! hum]us ( ! "r side is pres]v$4 ,x is a long1 sl5d] bone ) exp&$ extremities4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( abdom9al armature nor ( ribs 7fig4 #bb1 ,e74 ,! discov]y ( ?is =m 9 ! ,l9ton deposits is ( consid]able int]e/ 9 t x indicates a wide range 9 size & "* ( ! fauna ( ! "t4 ,! =ms n[ kn[n f ! ,l9ton b$s range f ,odont]peton1 :i* possibly _h a total l5g? ( #b in*es 9 life1 to ! =m designat$ ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 ) a skull ( at lea/ #h in*es 9 l5g? & ^: body may h atta9$ a l5g? ( "s feet4 ,! l>ge rib describ$ bel[ und\bt$ly indicates a l>ge =m ( ! anci5t ,amphibia f ,l9ton1 z d also ! v]tebr describ$ by ,m>% 9 #ahfc f ,nova ,scotia4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( animal1 z pres]v$ #ah ,l5g? ( skull #f4e ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #e4e ,l5g? ( side ( skull #f4e ,diamet] ( orbit #fe ,int]orbital wid? #b ,l5g? ( too? #j4be ,l5g? ( v]tebra #a4de ,wid? ( v]tebra #ce ,l5g? ( hum]us #b4be ,di/al wid? ( hum]us #ce ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,/egopid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,/egopid ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 #gi1 #aiji4 ,! *ief family *>act]s are ! l>ge lacrimal1 unkn[n 9 o!r species ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia1 ! c5tral position ( ! orbits1 ! g5]al =m ( ! skull1 & ! peculi>1 %ort1 div>icate horns f ! squamosal4 ,if an int]temporal elem5t is pres5t 9 ! skull1 :i* is sugge/$ z a possibility1 ! family is fur!r di/9ct4 ,! type species is ,/egops div>icata ,cope f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! gr\p seems to be di/9ct & has no imm$iate allies1 be+ conf9$ to ! ,am]ican ,coal ,measures4 ,g5us ,,/egops ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 #gi1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,/egops div>icata ,cope4 ,?is g5us has be5 erect$ = ! reception ( ! peculi> =m describ$ by ,cope z ,c]at]peton div>icatum1 b !re are good reasons :y ! =m c n be reta9$ 9 ! g5us4 ,! position ( ! orbits 9 ,/egops 7plate #be1 fig4 #c7 is diff]5t f ,c]at]peton & ! muzzle is r\nd$1 n truncate z 9 ! latt] =m4 ,! horns are ( a diff]5t type & !re is no indication ( ! tabul>e protub]ance :i* is pres5t 9 ,c]at]peton4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! cranial elem5ts is also di/9ctive 9 ! pres5t =m1 consi/+ ( radiat+ grooves & ridges2 ! cranium ( ,c]at]peton appe>s to be b slightly sculptur$4 ,!re is no lat]al projection f ! bord] ( ! skull 9 ,/egops1 z !re is 9 ! o!r g5us4 ,! /ructure ( ! skull ( ,c]at]peton is practically unkn[n1 except 9 a v g5]al way1 al?\gh ,&rews 7#h7 0 able to make out "s ( ! elem5ts & to trace ! lat]al-l9e canals4 ,a /ructural comp>ison is ?us impossible1 b on ! basis ( =m alone !re are good g5]ic di/9ctions4 ,! pres5t g5us is app>5tly di/9ct f o!r g5]a 9 ! pres5ce ( an int]temporal1 b additional mat]ial w be requir$ be=e a satisfactory det]m9ation is possible4 ,! g5us ,dic]atosaurus ( ,jaekel 7#cdg7 is di/9ct 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( ! cranium1 ! g5]al =m ( ! skull1 & 9 ! two kn[n species ( ,dic]atosaurus ! orbits are locat$ well ant]iorly1 b 9 ,/egops !y are 9 ! m$ian transv]se l9e ( ! cranium4 ,! g5us ,/egops is di/9ct f ,eos]peton 9 ! small] size ( ! prosquamosal1 9 ! broadly r\nd$ muzzle1 9 ! l>g] & m po/]iorly plac$ orbits1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( an int]temporal bone1 or at lea/ 9 ! elongate "* ( ! po/orbital if ! int]temporal is n pres5t4 ,! species on :i* ! g5us ,eos]peton is bas$ 0 fir/ describ$ by ,cope z ,c]at]peton t5 n iconic4 ,! =m is q di/9ct1 9 spite ( ,jacket's prote/ations to ! contr>y4 ,! g5us ,/egops /&s alone among ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 9 ! possession ( a well-def9$ lacrimal ( ! labyr9?odont type4 ,/egops div>icata ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxii1 p4 #djf1 #ahhe 7,k]at]peton div>icatum74 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #gi1 fig4 #bb1 #aiji 7,/egops74 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #beei ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! obv]se ( ?is is ,no4 #ab1caa1 ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! skull on :i* ?is species is bas$ consi/s ( ! impressions on two slabs ( coal1 "o belong+ to ! ,newb]ry ,collection ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,no4 #beei ,g1 & ! o!r to ! ,gurley ,collection ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,no4 #ab1caa4 ,! slab belong+ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago conta9s ! bett]-pres]v$ rema9s1 s t ! description is bas$ l>gely on t portion 7plate #be1 fig4 #c74 ,ne>ly all ( ! elem5ts ( ! skull are det]m9$ ) consid]able c]ta9ty & _m important *>act]s 9 ! morphology ( ! ,microsauria are ?us br\ght out4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--,skull elem5ts ( ,/egops div>icata ,cope41 fr1 frontal2 x1 int]temporal2 j1 jugal2 la1 lacrimal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 p>1 p>ietal2 pf1 prefrontal2 po1 po/orbital2 p(1 po/frontal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 tab1 tabul>e2 pp1 po/p>ietal4 #a4c4 ,! skull is oval1 elongate1 truncate beh9d1 & ! quadrate angles project into %>p horns4 ,! orbits are elongate ovals & _! c5t] lies 9 ! m$ian l9e :i* divides ! skull transv]sely4 ,! no/rils are elongate & h an oblique position4 ,! p9eal =am5 lies 9 ! po/]ior ?ird ( ! skull4 ,tee? are pres]v$ on bo? maxill & premaxill4 ,!y are simply %>p pleurodont d5ticles1 & seem to h be5 fairly abundant4 ,! bones h be5 completely c>boniz$ & no?+ ( ! orig9al texture is pres]v$1 al?\gh ! details ( ! /ructure are beautifully pres]v$4 7,plate #be1 fig4 #c47 ,! skull is some:at triangul> 9 its g5]al =m4 ,! premaxilla lies on ! ant]ior bord] ( ! cranium1 & =ms ! m$ian bord] ( ! no/ril4 ,! suture :i* sep>ates ! maxilla & ! premaxilla is n evid5t1 & x may n be correctly def9$ 9 ! figure 7fig4 #bc74 ,! nasal is a v l>ge elem5t & is elongate4 ,x unites ) ! premaxilla1 ! lacrimal1 ! prefrontal1 & ! p>ietal4 ,x is acum9ate beh9d & ! po9t is inclos$ by ! pref r5tal & ! p>ietal4 ,! frontal is q n>r[ & elongate1 & does n bord] ! orbit2 its po/]ior b\nd>y is n accurately repres5t$4 ,! radiations on ! surface indicate ! ext5t ( ! elem5t4 ,! p>ietals are rem>kable 9 be+ small] ?an ! frontal & nasal4 ,! p9eal =am5 is inclos$ 9 ! m$ian suture 9 ! ant]ior ?ird ( ! p>ietals4 ,! p>ietal has ! usual relations ( t elem5t4 ,! po/p>ietal lies po/]ior to ! p>ietal1 b a portion ( its b\nd+ sutures are de/roy$4 ,! prefrontal =ms ! ant]o-int]ior bord] ( ! orbit & bord]s ! po/frontal po/]iorly1 9 an unusual mann]4 ,! lacrimal is a l>ge elem5t & is cle>ly sep>able f ! o!r cranial elem5ts4 ,x1 ) ! prefrontal1 =ms ! ant]ior bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! maxilla is v elongate & =ms ! l>g] "p ( ! lat]al bord] ( ! skull4 ,%>p-po9t$ tee? are pres5t on x & !y may h be5 pleurodont4 ,! lat]al bord] ( ! orbit probably receiv$ a portion ( ! maxilla4 ,! po/frontal & ! po/orbital =m ! great] "p ( ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! po/orbital seems to be divid$ by a m$ian suture :i* w\ld indicate an int]temporal bone1 b ?is is n c]ta94 ,! appe>ance may be due to a fracture4 ,! supratemporal is a l>ge elem5t bord]+ ! p>ietal & lies 9 front ( ! tabul>e4 ,! squamosal is elongate to =m ! po/]ior horn-l ext5sion ( ! skull4 ,! tabul>e is transv]sely elongate & has ! usual relations4 ,! jugal wid5s to a fan-%ape backw>ds1 & helps to =m ! lat]al bord] ( ! orbit4 ,its lat]al & ant]ior b\nd>ies are n assur$4 ,! quadratojugal seems to lie z indicat$1 al?\gh ! ant]ior "p ( ! suture is n di/9ct4 ,x is app>5tly an elongate elem5t & ) ! maxilla =ms ! lat]al bord] ( ! skull4 ,! base ( ! skull z re/or$ 7fig4 #bc7 is irregul> & may h _h a slightly diff]5t =m4 ,! g5us ,/egops is exceptional 9 ! elongate "* ( ! cranial elem5ts ( ! s+le species kn[n4 ,9 ?is respect x recalls ! species ,dic]atosaurus lvis describ$ bel[4 ,! l>ge size ( ! nasals1 frontals1 & lacrimals & ! small size ( ! p>ietals are1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 unp>allel$ among ! o!r ,coal ,measures ,amphibia ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( ! skull #ef ,wid? across tips ( horns #df ,wid? at base ( horns #dj ,wid? across orbits #dd ,diamet] ( ! orbit #h ,l5g? ( ! orbit #ae ,int]orbital space #af ,l5g? ( ! no/ril #b ,diamet] ( ! p9eal =am5 #a ,l5g? ( ! tee? #a4e ,l5g? ( ! horn f base #g4e ,wid? ( horn at base #d ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ae #a4 ,dorsum ( skull ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton4 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,museum at ,b]l9 ,univ]sity4 #b4 ,aft] ,jaekel4 popo/orbital3 fr frontal2 p(po/frontal2 jjugal2 lalacrimal2 mx maxilla2 psp]isquamosal2 pppo/-p>ietal2 pmx premaxilla4 #b4 ,v5tral surface ( ! skull ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope 71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #b4 ,aft] ,jaekel4 aant]ior palat9e vacuity2 exexoccipital2 jjugal2 mxmaxilla2 trtransv]se2 palpalat9e2 ptpt]ygoid2 prprevom]2 psp]isquamosal2 pvpo/]ior or suborbital palat9e vacuity2 php>asph5oid4 #c4 ,pectoral girdle ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ! paleontological ,museum at ,b]l94 #b4 ,aft] ,jaekel4 cliinn] side ( clavicle2 icint]clavicle2 clclavicle 7l[] side72 cleclei?rum4 #d4 7e7 ,c]vical or ant]ior dorsal v]tebra ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus 7,cope71 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 cvcaudal v]tebra %[n ) its cap ( d]mal bone2 dvdorsal v]tebra ) ribs2 xd]mal plate on neural sp9e2 hhum]us2 uulna2 rradius4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,urocordylid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,urocordylid ,lydekk]1 #ahij4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #aif1 #ahij4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 p4 #ceg1 #aiji4 ,type ( ! family3 ,urocordylus w&es=dii ,huxley4 ,locality & horizon3 ,coal ,measures ( ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&4 ,/\t & long-tail$ =ms1 ) ! tabul>e cornua frequ5tly mu* produc$ & pitt$ cranial bones2 lat]al l9es well-develop$2 palate ) tee? on palat9es1 vom]s1 premaxill1 & maxill1 ! two latt] elem5ts be>+ conical tee? & ! o!rs be>+ %ort1 /umpy cones1 at lea/ 9 "o species2 p9eal =am5 well =w>d2 no/rils & orbits 9 ! ant]ior "p ( skull2 scapula peculi>ly curv$ & po9t$2 o!r pectoral elem5ts sculptur$2 neural sp9es & *evrons ( caudal v]tebr mu* dilat$ at _! extremities1 & pect9at$2 no caudal ribs2 v]tebr 9 "o g5us app>5tly capp$ ) a sculptur$ plate z 9 ,zatra*ys2 tail v long & tap]+ to a po9t1 #ej to ,s caudal v]tebr2 dorsal region %ort2 limbs well develop$1 ) claw$ digits2 c>pus & t>sus c>tilag9\s2 endo*ondrium well =m$4 ,!re are #d g5]a :i* con/itute ?is family3 ,urocordylus1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,irel&2 ,c]at]peton1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,irel& & ,engl&2 ,dic]atosaurus1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio2 ,eos]peton1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,^! may be di/+ui%$ by ! foll[+ *>act]s3 ,i4 ,skull triangul>1 truncat$ beh9d1 ) r\nd$ muzzle & abort$ tabul>e cornua1 neural sp9es ( caudal v]tebr long1 sl5d]1 & exp&$ 9 a fan-l mann]2 tail ) ab\t #hj v]tebr2 v5tral scutes oat-l ,urocordylus4 ,,ii4 ,skull p>abolic & ( great wid?1 ) %ort cornua project+ f ! supratemporal2 tabul>e cornua ne>ly twice z long2 neural sp9es ( caudal v]tebr l[ & wide2 v5tral scutes oblong2 caudal v]tebr ab\t #ej ,c]at]peton4 ,,iii4 ,skull broad ) obtuse sn\t1 tabul>e cornua abs5t1 l>ge1 po9t$ po/]ior expansions f supratemporal1 po/]ior table )9 ! cornua truncate2 v]tebr ) an apical sculptur$ plate2 caudal v]tebr num]\s1 ov] #ge2 v5tral scutell bri/le-l1 arrang$ en *evron ,dic]atosaurus4 ,,iv4 ,skull a broad oval1 ) l>ge po/]ior project+ supratemporal horns1 po/]ior table ( skull betwe5 cornua truncate )\t ! small lat]al projection f ! supratemporal1 orbits a long oval1 ribs long1 curv$ & sl5d]1 tail unkn[n1 possibly %ort] ?an 9 o!r memb]s ( ! family2 x is re/or$ z %ort 9 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 ,,xvii1 p4 #gg1 fig4 #bj1 #aiji1 b ?is is unc]ta92 ! skull has all ! *>act]s ( ! family ,eos]peton4 ,! relation%ips ( ! family are n f> to seek4 ,!y fall 9 imm$iately ) ! ,amphibamid & ,hylonomid 9 be+ among ! mo/ reptile-l ( ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia4 ,! gr\p is1 h[ev]1 di/9ctly amphibian 9 ! possession ( #d f+]s1 ) ! usual microsaurian phalangeal =mula4 ,g5us ,,dic]atosaurus ,jaekel1 #aijc4 ,jaekel1 ,neues ,jahrbu* f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 #a1 p4 #aab1 #aijc4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 pp4 #fc-fi1 figs4 #ac-ae1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,jaekel4 ,orbits 9 ! ant]ior two-?irds ( ! axial skull l5g?1 no/rils ne> to ! ant]ior end ( ! skull2 p9eal =am5 9 ! c5t] ( ! skull ro(2 skull provid$ ) tabulate cornua & a broad backw>dly direct$ process2 quadrate angle does n project on ! bord] ( ! skull2 sculpture ( ! cranial elem5ts impress$ z radial grooves2 #ab presacral v]tebr1 #a sacral ) exp&$ neural sp9e :i* is sculptur$ at ! top1 ) simple long1 app>5tly sep>ately ossifi$ transv]se processes2 extremities small2 foot ) #e digits2 phalangeal =mula #b-c-c-d-c4 ,! mo/ important diff]5ces betwe5 ,dic]atosaurus & ,c]at]peton1 ! mo/ ne>ly alli$ g5us1 is 79 ,dic]atosaurus7 9 ! m ant]ior position & small size ( ! orbits1 ! backw>d ext5sion ( ! quadrate region1 & ! dorsal expansion ( ! v]tebral sp9es4 ,a fur!r1 & m important1 diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5]a is 9 ! location ( ! backw>dly direct$ processes f ! skull4 ,9 ,c]at]peton !y project backw>d f & are a portion ( ! tabul>e elem5t1 :ile 9 ,dic]atosaurus ! projection consi/s almo/ entirely ( squamosal & supratemporal4 ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahge1 p4 #af4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgb1 pl4 xli1 fig4 #d1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 p4 #cef1 pl4 lxv1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfjf1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species 0 fir/ describ$ by ,cope z ,c]at]peton punctol9eatum 7#abb74 ,x 0 r$escrib$ on m abundant mat]ial 7plate #ai7 by ,jaekel 7#cdg71 & ! foll[+ is tak5 f ! discussions ( ^! two au?ors1 *eck$ by my own obs]vations on ! type specim54 ,?is %[s a portion ( ! skull1 consi/+ ( ! squamosal & supratemporal ) a project+1 conv]g5t horn4 ,! sculptur+ on ! skull is simil> to t on ! pectoral plates1 ( :i* !re are ?ree pres]v$ 7plate #ad1 fig4 #d74 ,! bones ( ! =e limbs are /\t & %ort4 ,! ribs are only slightly curv$4 ,! "* ( ! v]tebr c n be asc]ta9$4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! bones consi/s ( radiat+ ridges1 grooves1 & pitt+s4 ,jaekel 7#cdg7 describ$ f ! museum collection at ,b]l9 #c specim5s ( ?is species1 among :i* 7 #b skulls4 ,!re 7 associat$ ) ^! rema9s "s pectoral plates & limb bones ) a ne>ly complete s]ies ( v]tebr4 ,a modifi$ translation ( ,jaekel's description foll[s3 ,! skull ( ! l>ge/ specim5 has1 includ+ ! horns1 a l5g? ( #ce mm4 & a wid? ( #cj mm4 on ! occipital bord]4 ,f ! ant]ior end to ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull 7exclusive ( ! horns7 !re is a l5g? ( #be mm4 ,! p9eal =am5 lies ab\t midway ( ?is l5g?4 ,! orbits are r l>ge1 almo/ circul>1 & lie ab\t midway betwe5 ! p9eal =am5 & ! ant]ior bord] ( ! skull4 ,! no/rils1 :i* lie ant]ior to ! orbits1 are a r oblique oval & n>r[$ on ! lat]al ends4 ,! di/ance betwe5 !m is ab\t ! same z t betwe5 ! orbits1 :i* measures #g mm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #af #a4 ,type specim5 ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope1 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 b$s4 #a4 ,drawn f photograph4 clclavicle2 hhum]us2 icint]clavicle2 mcmetac>pals2 r-uradius-ulna2 rbrib2 scscapula2 sqsquamosal2 vsv5tral scutell4 #b4 ,skull ( ,sauropleura longid5tata1 ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4 ,drawn f photograph4 frfrontal2 mmaxilla2 nnasal2 ororbit2 p>p>ietal2 pppo/p>ietal2 tabtabul>e4 #c4 ,m&ible ( ,sauropleura longid5tata1 ,moodie1 f ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4e4 ,drawn f photograph4 #d4 ,type specim5 ( ,sauropleura en*odus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4 #e4 ,additional specim5 ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton ,ohio4 #a4 ffemur2 ililium2 mcmetac>pal2 mtmetat>sal2 phphalanx2 rradius2 ttibia4 ,! skull ro( is sculptur$ ) pits mu* l ^? ( ,ar*egosaurus4 ,! l>g] ! bones1 ! r\gh] ! sculpture4 ,! bones ( ! middle ( ! skull 7t is1 ! p>ietals1 frontals1 premaxill1 nasals1 & po/p>ietals7 are ( ! normal =m & only %[ an unusual diff]5ce 9 t !y are l>ge 9 ! inv]se ord]4 ,! p9eal =am5 lies 9 ! ant]ior ?ird ( ! p>ietals2 t is ! primitive condition :i* occurs 9 ! "y =ms ( ! ,bran*iosaurid4 ,! no/rils are inclos$ by ! premaxill 9 front1 9 ! m$ian l9e by ! nasals & lat]ally by ! maxill4 ,! jugals1 by _! backw>d prolongation1 =m1 beh9d ! maxill1 ! bord] ( ! skull1 & only atta9 to "s size on ! upp] side ( ! cranium4 ,jaekel's p]isquamosal 7see plate #ae71 :i* is ( a d\btful nature1 is n indicat$ 9 ! type specim5 nor 9 ! specim5s ( ! o!r two species 7#dfb7 assign$ to ?is g5us4 ,9 ,d4 robu/us & ,d4 lvis ! p]isquamosal region is easily sep>able into its compon5t elem5ts4 ,! sutures betwe5 ! elem5ts may h be5 indi/9ct 9 8 specim51 b x is h>dly conceivable t a union ( ! skull bones w\ld occur 9 "o species & n 9 ano!r ( ! same g5us4 ,jaekel's sugge/ion 7#cdg7 t ,etwas mehr ,wahrs*e9li*keit m*te i* d] ,vor/ellung beimess51 dass diese ,ausbreitung5 zum ,s*utz frei] ,kiem5 di5t51 wie sie z4 ,b4 bei d5 ,p]5nibran*iat5 als baumfrmige ,organe weit am ,halse h]ausrag5 c h>dly f9d acceptance ) /ud5ts ( ! ,paleozoic ,amphibia1 s9ce !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce t ! ,microsauria ev] possess$ ext]nal gills & consid]able presumptive evid5ce t !y did n4 ,8 comp>ison ( ! p]isquamosal to ! ,kiem5deckel ( ! fi%es is also v unhappy on morphological gr\nds1 s9ce ! elem5ts ( 8 p]isquamosal =m con/itu5t p>ts ( ! skull ro(1 :i* ! op]culum nev] does4 ,! palate ( ! skull 7plate #ae1 fig4 #b7 has be5 det]m9$ by remov+ ! skull bones ( "o specim54 ,ant]iorly ! premaxill & maxill are cle>ly recognizable z l>ge d5tif]\s elem5ts4 ,! premaxill h #d to #g tee?1 ! %ort maxilla has #c to #d4 ,all ! tee? are ( ne>ly equal size4 ,small] tee? seem to be indicat$ by impressions f\nd betwe5 ! l>g] ones4 ,! vom]s1 :i* are tol]ably l>ge1 unite ) ! premaxill beh9d & inclose at lea/ half ( ! palat9e =am5 on ! inn] side4 ,!y are furni%$ ) small tee?1 :i* 9 ! ant]ior "p are v irregul>ly plac$1 b !y are m regul> po/]iorly4 ,! palat9es & transv]se bones are que/ionably id5tifi$4 ,!y seem to lie po/]ior & lat]al to ! vom]s1 b ! sutures are indi/9ct4 ,! l>ge p>asph5oid seems well display$ & is m or less he>t-%ap$4 ,!re w\ld seem to be a slight indication ( d\ble occipital condyles4 ,! pt]ygoids are broad plates :i* inclose ! p>asph5oid & =m ! lat]al b\nd>y ( ! palate4 ,! cotyli are v indi/9ct1 b appe> z elongate grooves4 ,! pectoral girdle 7plate #ae1 fig4 #c7 consi/s1 app>5tly1 ( sev5 elem5ts1 ?ree pair$ & "o unpair$4 ,! unpair$ elem5t 7! int]clavicle7 is truncate po/]iorly & acum9ate 9 front1 ) its surface radially groov$ & ! ant]ior bord]s bevel$ = articulation ) ! clavicles4 ,! clavicles are triangul>1 z is usual ) ! ,microsauria4 ,!y are sculptur$ ) radiate grooves & ridges1 ) decid$ inosculations at ! ossific c5t]4 ,! coracoids h only "p ( _! surface ornam5t$2 mo/ ( _! surface is smoo? = articulation ) ! int]clavicle & scapula4 ,a long sp9e projects f ! inn] surface ( ! coracoid4 ,a pair ( small elem5ts lie "o on ei!r side ( ! clavicles & ,jaekel 7#cdg7 int]prets !m z ! clei?ra4 ,if !y are clei?ra !y are unique among ! ,microsauria4 ,! pectoral girdle does n1 h[ev]1 indicate t ,dic]atosaurus is unique among all kn[n quadrup$s4 ,jaekel reg>ds ! limb :i* is pres]v$ ) ! mat]ial z an arm 7plate #ae1 fig4 #d71 b !re is no reason /at$ = 8 conclusion4 ,x has all ( ! *>act]s ( ! leg & may be reg>d$ z su*4 ,only a "p ( ! l[] end ( ! femur is pres]v$4 ,! tibia & fibula are pres]v$ z sep>ate rod-l elem5ts ) "o ( ! bones long] & l>g]1 probably ! tibia4 ,!re are #e toes :i* h ! cu/om>y phalangeal =mula = a microsaurian foot ( #b-c-c-d787-c4 ,! t>sals are unossifi$4 ,! v]tebr 7plate #ae7 7 p]=at$ = ! noto*ord1 & are h\r-glass-%ap$1 ) ! neural ar* ?ick5$ to support a heavy sp9e :i* bore a sculptur$ plate4 ,^! apical plates occur 9 ! dorsal region1 b dim9i% t[>d ! caudal v]tebr4 ,! numb] ( ! v]tebr 9 ! dorsal region is v small & 9 ! tail v l>ge4 ,!re are possibly #b v]tebr 9 ! c]vical1 #aa 9 ! dorsal s]ies2 ! ?irte5? c>ries ! pelvis4 ,!re are ov] #ajj v]tebr 9 ! tail4 ,! ribs h an exp&$ head & ! transv]se processes ( ! v]tebr are long4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is bas$ on ! writ]'s /udy ( ! type specim5 & he is able to add sev]al po9ts ( int]e/ to a k ( ! anatomy ( ! type ( ?is int]e/+ microsaurian4 ,! type specim5 consi/s ( #aa consecutive v]tebr ) a portion ( ! skull1 ! great] portion ( ! pectoral girdle1 p>ts ( bo? =e limbs1 ribs1 & v5tral scutell 7plate #ad1 fig4 #d74 ,! species is repres5t$ 9 ! collection by yet ano!r specim51 on :i* ,cope bas$ 8 ,tuditanus mordax 7plate #bb1 fig4 #e71 ( :i* he himself says3 ,fur!r exam9ation ( ! specim5 on :i* ! latt] 7,t4 mordax7 0 f\nd$ leads to ! belief t x is an imp]fect cranium ( ,c]at]peton 7,dic]atosaurus7 punctol9eatum ,cope4 ,! plates ref]r$ to are r to be reg>d$ z elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle & ,i believe !y repres5t ! clavicle & a portion ( ! int]clavicle4 ,! skull ( ! pres5t species is fully describ$ by ,jaekel4 ,! type specim5 does n (f] any evid5ce 9 support ( ,jaekel's p]isquamosal1 b r t5ds to ! idea t he is incorrect 9 8 assumption ( ! fusion ( ^! elem5ts ( ! skull4 ,! direction tak5 by ! ridges & grooves on ! elem5ts pres]v$ indicate a sep>ation betwe5 ! supratemporal & ! squamosal4 ,i d n f9d t ! grooves h ! t5d5cy to arise f a common c5t] ( ossification 9 ! squamosal1 z sugge/$ 9 ! figures ( ,jaekel4 ,! horn :i* projects backw>d f ! squamosal is r l>ge & heavy = ! size ( ! skull1 & aft] curv+ slightly inw>d ends 9 a blunt po9t & n %>ply1 z ,jaekel figures 9 8 specim5s4 ,! v]tebral column is indi/9ctly pres]v$ & ,i h no?+ to add to ,jaekel's acc\nt giv5 above4 ,9 ! /ructure ( ! pectoral girdle my results are greatly at v>iance ) ^? ( ,jaekel4 ,i d n f9d ! rem>kable elem5ts :i* ,jaekel has figur$ 7#cdg7 9 8 specim5s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i f9d a normal microsaurian pectoral ar* 7#dfd71 su* z has be5 describ$ = num]\s o!r =ms4 ,!re are pres5t1 di/9ctly pres]v$ 9 ! type specim51 ! scapul1 ! clavicles1 & ! int]clavicle1 ) ! possibility ( ! coracoid4 ,! peculi> elem5t ref]r$ to by ,cope z resembl+ a lac]tilian pubis is )\t d\bt ! left scapula ( ! animal 7plate #af1 fig4 #a74 ,its =m comp>es v favorably ) t ( ,c]at]peton z figur$ by ,woodw>d 7#fcj74 ,! coracoid may be repres5t$ by ! fragm5t :i* lies close to ! scapula4 ,! sculptur$ elem5t ly+ next to ! supratemporal horn ( ! skull is ! "r clavicle pres]v$ bottom side up4 ,( ! o!r two sculptur$ elem5ts1 "o is ! int]clavicle1 only a portion ( :i* is pres]v$4 ,! left clavicle lies beside x4 ,! clavicles 9 ?is species h a t5d5cy to assume ! triangul> %ape s common 9 o!r species ( ,microsauria1 & ! int]clavicle1 s f> z c be det]m9$1 0 %ield-%ap$4 ,! upp] surfaces ( ! pectoral elem5ts are m>k$ by grooves = ! atta*m5t ( ! pectoral muscles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,a4 ,skull ( ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie1 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures4 #a4 f1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 p(1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pf1 prefrontal2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 sq1 squamosal2 spt1 supratemporal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,b4 ,recon/ruction ( skull outl9es ( ,dic]atosaurus robu/us ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #j4ge4 fr1 frontal2 f1 jugal2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 p(1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 spt1 supratemporal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,! v5tral scutellation is pres5t 9 a small pat* 7plate #af1 fig4 #a7 ne> ! horn ( ! skull4 ,! scut are oat-%ap$ & take ! usual =m4 ,! ribs are n long1 are r /\t1 & beyond ! proximal curve are ne>ly /raight to ! obtuse tips4 ,! heads ( ! ribs are s obscure t x is impossible to det]m9e :e!r !y 7 two-head$ or n4 ,!y are exp&$ proximally & !re is a slight t5d5cy to a division ( ! head4 ,portions ( bo? =e limbs are pres]v$4 ,! "r limb possesses ! hum]us1 sep>ate radius & ulna1 & #b metac>pals4 ,! o!r possesses only ! radius1 #c metac>pals1 & a portion ( a phalanx4 ,! hum]us is a v /\t bone & at once recalls t ( ,amblyrhyn*us4 ,! ends are exp&$ & !re are r\ghnesses on ! bone = ! atta*m5t ( muscles4 ,! radius & ulna are subequal 9 size4 ,!y are bo? exp&$ m proximally ?an di/ally4 ,! c>pus 0 c>tilag9\s4 ,an additional specim5 ( ?is species is figur$ on plate #af1 fig4 #e4 ,?is adds to our k ( ! pelvis especially4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #hj ,l5g? ( tabulate horn ( skull #bj ,wid? at base #d ,wid? at tip #b4e ,l5g? ( "r hum]us #af ,wid? at middle ( %aft #c ,wid? at proximal end #e ,wid? at di/al end #e4e ,l5g? ( radius #i ,l5g? ( ulna #i ,wid? ( radius at proximal end #b4e ,wid? at middle #a4e ,wid? at di/al end #b ,wid? ( v>i\s portions ( ulna same z radius4 ,l5g? ( ! only phalanx pres]v$ #e ,l5g? ( v]tebra #e ,wid? ( v]tebra #d ,l5g? ( longe/ rib #ag ,wid? ( rib at wide/ "p #a4e ,wid? ( clavicle #ah ,l5g? ( clavicle #bj ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #be ,wid? ( int]clavicle #af ,l5g? ( s+le side ( *evron scute #g ,wid? ( same 4#be ,! specim5 7,no4 #beff1 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/47 on :i* ,cope bas$ 8 ,tuditanus mordax is compos$ ( two plates ( ! above-describ$ species4 ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #fc1 figs4 #ac1 #ad1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ajb 7#hfhj ,g71 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 :]e x =ms "p ( ! ,newb]ry collection4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species is repres5t$ by an almo/ complete skull1 :i* _h be5 id5tifi$ previ\sly by ,cope z ,tuditanus radiatus4 ,! specim5 consi/s ( ! impressions ( ! bones ( ! cranial ro(1 ! bones !mselves hav+ disappe>$4 ,x is n probable t ! dorsum ( ! skull 0 smoo?4 ,! details 9 ! /ructure ( ! skull h be5 asc]ta9$ q def9itely4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts is accurate1 z %[n 9 figure #bd ,a4 ,! supratemporal1 z 9 ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 is exclud$ f ! p>ietal4 ,! =m ( ! skull at once recalls t ( ! species ,d4 punctol9eatus1 z figur$ by ,jaekel 7see plate #ae74 ,! orbits are locat$ 9 ne>ly ! same region ( ! skull & ! sutures sep>at+ ! cranial elem5ts are q simil> 9 ! ant]ior portions4 ,! species ,d4 lvis is bas$ on ! div]g5t "* ( ! horn-l protub]ances :i* project f ! squamosals4 ,! horns ( ,d4 punctol9eatus are conv]g5t4 ,! pres5t skull is also small] & ! p>ietals 9 ,d4 lvis are mu* l>g] ?an 9 ! type species4 ,9 ! type species1 also1 ! p9eal =am5 is locat$ well =w>d 9 ! p>ietal1 :ile 9 ! pres5t =m ! =am5 is locat$ well po/]ior4 ,! skull is almo/ rectangul>4 ,! no/rils are elongate ovals4 ,! orbits are circul> & ! di/ance betwe5 !m is equal to two-?irds ( ! dim5sions ( ! orbit4 ,!y are locat$ well =w>d 9 ! skull & are b\nd$ lat]ally by ! maxill>ies4 ,! no/rils h mu* ! same "* z 9 ! type =m1 be+ broadly oval4 ,! premaxill are elongate transv]sely1 be+ ab\t twice z long z wide4 ,!y are id5tical 9 %ape & relations ) ! same elem5ts 9 ,d4 punctol9eatus ,cope4 ,! nasal is ne>ly squ>e & =ms ! int]ior b\nd>y ( ! no/ril4 ,! frontal is elongate 9 ! m$ian l5g? ( ! skull & x is acum9ate po/]iorly1 :]e ! acum9ation is inclos$ by ! p>ietal & po/frontal4 ,! p>ietals are by f> ! l>ge/ elem5ts 9 ! cranium4 ,!y =m toge!r an oval :i* is elongate 9 ! longitud9al diamet] ( ! skull4 ,!y inclose betwe5 !m1 9 ! m$ian suture1 ! small p9eal =am54 ,!y are acum9ate 9 front1 ) a broad truncate po/]ior base1 :]e !y are b\nd$ by ! po/p>ietals4 ,! po/p>ietal is ne>ly squ>e1 be+ some:at wid] ?an long4 ,x jo9s ! tabul>e & ! p>ietal4 ,! tabul>e is elongate 9 ! long diamet] ( ! skull4 ,x ends ant]iorly 9 a po9t :i* is ins]t$ betwe5 ! po/orbital & ! p>ietal1 & be>s a %ort protub]ance po/]iorly1 mu* z does ! same elem5t 9 ! type species4 ,!re are f\r elem5ts :i* take "p 9 ! =mation ( ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull4 ,^! are ! po/p>ietal1 ! tabul>e1 ! squamosal1 & ! supratemporal4 ,x is v unusual = ! supratemporal to rea* ! po/]ior edge ( ! cranium4 ,! pref r5tal lies ant]ior to ! orbit1 ( :i* x =ms ! ant]ior bord]4 ,! lacrimal has n be5 detect$1 al?\gh ,jaekel 7#cdg7 has indicat$ x 9 8 draw+s ( ! skull ( ! type species4 ,! maxilla is elongate & =ms ! lat]al bord] ( ! skull4 ,no tee? h be5 detect$1 al?\gh !y 7 d\btless ! same z ,jaekel has figur$ 9 ,d4 punctol9eatus4 ,! jugal is an elongate elem5t jo9+ ! maxilla po/]iorly4 ,jaekel includ$ ?is elem5t 9 8 p]isquamosal1 b ! sutures are cle>ly evid5t 9 ! pres5t specim5 & !re is no evid5ce ( a /ructure at all simil> to a p]isquamosal4 ,! po/orbital is fully z l>ge z ! jugal :i* x jo9s1 =m+ a "p ( ! po/]ior bord] ( ! orbit & end+ po/]iorly 9 a po9t :i* is inclos$ by ! tabul>e & ! squamosal4 ,! po/frontal ) ! =ego+ elem5t =ms ! entire po/]ior bord] ( ! orbit & x likewise ends 9 a po9t inclos$ by ! p>ietal & ! po/orbital4 ,! quadratojugal has mu* ! same %ape & relations z 9 ,d4 punctol9eatus1 al?\gh x is locat$ fur!r back4 ,! squamosal is also elongate1 z are mo/ ( ! po/]ior cranial elem5ts1 & x also has an acum9ation :i* is direct$ =w>d & is inclos$ by ! po/orbital & jugal4 ,! ant]ior suture ( ?is elem5t is r indi/9ct1 b x is1 ,i believe1 z repres5t$ 7fig4 #bd74 ,! elem5t is elongate & is prolong$ po/]iorly to =m ! horn1 :i* ends 9 a blunt po9t & is n %>p1 z 9 ! type species4 ,jaekel 7#cdg7 reg>ds ! species ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus ,cope z be+ unp>allel$ among kn[n v]tebrates 9 ! possession ( a p]isquamosal elem5t4 ,9 closely alli$ species ! p]isquamosal is easily sep>at$ into its compon5t elem5ts1 & ! morphology ( ! pres5t skull w\ld ?r[ consid]able d\bt on ,jaekel's int]pretation ( ! skull ( ! type species4 ,ano!r specim51 describ$ bel[ z ano!r species ( ?is g5us1 %[s no evid5ce ( ?is fusion4 ,s f> z ,i c le>n1 !re h be5 no cases ( true fusion ( cranial elem5ts correctly report$1 unless x be t :i* possibly exi/s betwe5 ! two frontals 9 ! skull ( ,diplocaulus4 ,x 0 on ! basis ( su* fusions t ,maggi 7#cig7 propos$ to d]ive ! int]p>ietals ( ! primates f ! tabul>e ( ! /egocephalians4 ,! po/]ior outl9e ( ! skull 9 ! pres5t specim5 is n well pres]v$ & ! outl9e z giv5 may be slightly inaccurate4 ,! ind5tation figur$ by ,jaekel 9 ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull ( ! type =m is n pres5t 9 ! species "u discussion4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,skull ( ,dic]atosaurus lvis ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull along m$ian suture #cg ,l5g? f muzzle to tip ( horn #ej ,wid? betwe5 tips ( horns1 e/imat$ #dj ,wid? ( orbit #g ,l5g? ( orbit #aj ,wid? ( skull across ! orbits #cj ,int]orbital wid? #f ,l5g? ( no/ril op5+ #b ,wid? ( no/ril #a ,diamet] ( ! p9eal =am5 - #a ,dic]atosaurus robu/us ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #fg1 fig4 #ae1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 p4 #cee1 pl4 lxiii1 fig4 #b1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfaa ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! pres5t species is indicat$ by ! left portion ( a cranium repres5t+ a l>ge individual4 ,! *>act]s ( ! skull are s cle>ly m>k$ t x seems wor?y ( description4 ,! pres5ce ( horns z giv5 9 ! re/oration ( ! skull 7fig4 #bd1 ,b7 is bas$ on ! analogy ) ! o!r two species ( ?is g5us1 9 bo? ( :i* horns are pres5t4 ,! g5]ic det]m9ation ( ! species is bas$ on ! l>ge size ( ! po/orbital1 :i* is ess5tially *>act]i/ic ( ! o!r species ( ,dic]atosaurus4 ,! *>act]s :i* di/+ui% ! species f o!rs ( ! g5us are ! l>ge po/orbitals & ! small p>ietals1 :i* are exclud$ f union ) ! po/frontals on acc\nt ( ! l>ge size ( ! frontal4 ,9 ! o!r two kn[n species ! frontal is small & ! p>ietal comes =w>d to jo9 ! po/frontal4 ,! pres5t species exhibits a skull :i* is ne>ly twice z l>ge z t ( ,d4 lvis & ne>ly ?ree times ! size ( ! skull ( ,d4 punctol9eatus4 ,! portion ( ! skull pres]v$ %[s ! cranium to h _h a r acum9ate sn\t1 n blunt z 9 ! type species4 ,! orbit is an elongate oval1 al?\gh x has ! same relative position 9 ! skull z 9 ! o!r species4 ,! no/ril is indicat$ by an oval depression ne> ! ant]ior edge ( ! skull4 ,! frontals1 z indicat$ by ! sutures pres5t on ! portion ( ! skull :i* is pres]v$1 are fully z long z ! p>ietals4 ,:e!r !y 7 z wide z is repres5t$ is unc]ta94 ,! po/frontals are v small bones1 ! sutures ( :i* are some:at unc]ta91 al?\gh !y c n be f> f :at is repres5t$ 7fig4 #bd1 ,b74 ,! po/orbital is l>ge & elongate1 & is di/9ctive ( ?is species on acc\nt ( its unusual size1 al?\gh x does n atta9 ! same proportions z 9 o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! p>ietals are elongate & n>r[4 ,! p9eal =am5 is repres5t$ by its lat]al edge & its position is ab\t midway ( ! longitud9al diamet] ( ! p>ietals4 ,! n>r[ po/p>ietal is repres5t$ by its ant]ior bord]2 z re/or$ 7fig4 #bd1 ,b7 x may be too long4 ,! tabul>e1 also1 is repres5t$ by an ant]ior portion & x %[s ?is elem5t to h ! position & =m :i* is typical ( ! =m ,dic]atosaurus lvis4 ,su* o!r ( ! cranial elem5ts z are indicat$ are bas$ on ! relations discov]$ 9 ,d4 lvis4 ,! heavy l9e on ! left ( ! draw+ 7fig4 #bd1 ,b7 repres5ts ! outl9e ( ! pres]v$ portion4 ,! skull1 z re/or$1 may be a little too long1 & ! %ape ( ! horns is conjectural4 ,9 ! orbit !re are pres]v$ #b misplac$ tee? %[+ longitud9al flut+4 ,! longe/ too? is ab\t #c mm4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,skull ( ,dic]atosaurus robu/us ,moodie4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull1 e/imat$ #fg ,po/]ior wid? ( skull1 e/imat$ #gh ,l5g? ( orbit #ah ,wid? ( orbit #ab ,l5g? ( longe/ too? #c ,wid? ( same too? at base #a4e ,l5g? ( po/orbital #bg ,wid? ( po/orbital #ad ,g5us ,,eos]peton ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 pp4 #gf-gi1 fig4 #bj1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cee1 pl4 lxiii1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,eos]peton t5uicorne ,cope4 ,! g5us 0 propos$ = ! reception ( a s+le species orig9ally ref]r$ by ,cope to ,c]at]peton 7,c4 t5uicorne74 ,! species c n be plac$ 9 ! g5us ,c]at]peton on acc\nt ( ! =m & /ructure ( ! skull1 :i* v>ies widely f t ( ! type species1 ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley1 f ! ,kilk5ny ,coal ,measures ( ,irel&4 ,! mo/ important "* 9 :i* ! pres5t species diff]s f ,c4 galvani is ! peculi> =m tak5 by ! squamosal & by ! position ( ! horn4 ,^! *>act]s w be evid5t on ref]r+ to figure #be4 ,no und\bt$ rema9s ( ,c]at]peton h be5 f\nd outside ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,frits* ref]r$ 7#bea7 a species1 previ\sly describ$ z ,sc9cosaurus crassus1 to ?is g5us1 b ,&rews 7#h71 ,jaekel 7#cdg7 & ,woodw>d 7#fcj7 all unite 9 plac+ ! species 9 ! g5us :]e x 0 =m]ly describ$4 ,jaekel ev5 says t ! ,sc9cosaurus has no horns1 s f> z he c det]m9e4 ,cope ref]r$ #c species 7#abc7 f ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio to ! g5us ,c]at]peton1 b x has be5 %[n else:]e 7#cdg7 t no "o ( !m belongs 9 ! g5us1 nor 9 fact d !y all belong 9 "o g5us4 ,eos]peton t5uicorne ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cgb-cgc1 pl4 xlii1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxii1 p4 #djg1 #ahhe4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxvi1 p4 #he1 pl4 iii1 fig4 #b1 #ahig4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 vol4 #cg1 p4 #bc1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,!re are also specim5s ,nos4 #ddgb & #ddgc 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,locality & horizon3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species 0 f\nd$ on a complete skull pres]v$ on obv]se sides ( a block ( coal4 ,cope 7#abc1 pl4 ,,xlii1 fig4 #b7 figur$ ?is skull4 ,! figure is poorly execut$ & does n d ju/ice to ! specim51 :i* is really well pres]v$4 ,9 g5]al ! skull is oval1 ) ! orbits locat$ well t[>ds ! acum9ate sn\t4 ,! int]orbital space is equal to twice ! wid? ( ! orbit4 ,! p9eal =am5 lies ne> ! c5t] ( ! skull4 ,! quadrate angles are drawn out into sl5d] acum9ate1 longitud9ally /riate horns1 processes f ! squamosal4 ,! horn arises f an exp&$ base1 :i* is a portion ( ! cranial elem5t at ! po/]o-lat]al angle ( ! skull4 ,?is "* is tak5 z ! di/9ctive "o ( ! g5us4 ,x is possess$ by no o!r =m ( ,c>bonif]\s air-brea?+ v]tebrate1 9 association ) ! o!r *>act]s ( ! =m4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,eos]peton t5uicorne4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #bf ,wid? across squamosal enl>gem5t #cj ,wid? across base ( horns #be ,l5g? f muzzle to tip ( horn #dj ,l5g? ( horn #aj ,wid? ( horn at base #d ,l5g? ( orbit #d ,wid? ( orbit #c ,int]orbital span #f ,nos4 #ddgb & #ddgc1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum1 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #af ,maximum wid? ( skull #bj ,l5g? ( horn f base #g ,l5g? ( orbit #c ,int]orbital wid? #c4e ,l5g? ( v]tebral column to sacrum #cc ,l5g? ( femur #e4e ,l5g? ( tibia & fibula #c ,l5g? ( second digit 7incomplete7 #g ,l5g? ( metat>sal #a4e ,l5g? ( clavicle #f ,wid? ( clavicle #c4e ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,re/oration ( skeleton ( ,eos]peton t5uicorne ,cope4 #a 4#e4 ,skull3 pmx1 premaxilla2 n1 nasal2 fr1 frontal2 p>1 p>ietal2 pf1 prefrontal2 mx1 maxilla2 p(1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 j1 jugal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 spt1 supratemporal2 sq1 squamosal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,skeleton3 ic1 int]clavicle2 cl1 clavicle2 sc1 scapula2 h1 hum]us2 r1 radius2 u1 ulna2 c1 c>pus2 sr1 sacral rib 7unc]ta9872 il1 ilium2 f1 femur2 fb1 fibula2 t1 tibia2 ts1 t>sus4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! premaxill are indef9ite1 b :at rema9s ( ! sutures indicates t ! elem5ts 7 small4 ,no tee? h be5 detect$4 ,! nasal is likewise n cle>ly def9$1 b ! frontal is an elongate elem5t :i* occupies ! space betwe5 ! orbits & jo9s ! p>ietal po/]iorly4 ,! p>ietals =m a l>ge oval space1 s *>act]i/ic ( _m ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,microsauria1 9 ! ant]ior ?ird ( :i* occurs ! m$ian p>ietal =am54 ,! po/p>ietal is almo/ squ>e1 & =ms "p ( ! po/]ior b\nd>y ( ! skull4 ,! tabul>e has ! usual position & relations4 ,! prefrontal is ill def9$4 ,! po/frontal is small & =ms a sl5d] rod on ! po/]o-inn] b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! po/orbital is small & its b\nd+ suture ) ! po/frontal is indef9ite4 ,! jugal is only p>tially repres5t$ 9 ! specim51 & t "p =ms ! out] b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! maxill>y sutures are n def9$4 ,!re are no evid5ces ( tee?1 s9ce ! skull is compress$ dorso-v5trally4 ,! quadratojugal is1 app>5tly1 a l>g] elem5t ?an usual1 ) ! visual relations4 ,! supratemporal lies 9 great "p 9 front ( ! squamosal1 b /ill has ! normal relations ( t elem5t4 ,! squamosal is ! *>act]i/ic feature ( ! skull4 ,x is v tumid at its base & projects into a long1 sl5d]1 acum9ate horn1 ! tumid portion be+ ornam5t$ by radiat+ /ri4 ,ano!r specim5 ( ?is species pres5ts ! great] "p ( ! skeleton4 ,h[ev]1 v little c be add$ to our k ( ! skull /ructure4 ,x is b>ely possible t ! second specim5 may be di/9ct f ! type4 ,! horns are curv$ inw>d1 b o!rwise !re is little or no diff]5ce4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & important features ( ! complete specim5 is ! unusual pres]vation ( a leg1 ) impressions ( #ae or m v]tebra21 & traces ( curv$ ribs :i* are int]c5tral 9 position4 ,! femur is sl5d] & exp&$ at ! ends1 ) ! articul> surfaces well =m$4 ,! tibia & fibula are m]e rods ( bone1 al?\gh ! tibia has slightly exp&$ extremities4 ,!re is no osse\s t>sus4 ,!re are #e digits 9 ! foot2 ! second "o is entire & conta9s #d phalanges2 ! o!r digits are incomplete4 ,! foot is rem>kably long & sl5d]1 & is fully z long z ! t>sal space plus ! tibia1 ) ! t]m9al phalanx claw$4 ,!re are impressions ( #b oval & elongate clavicles 9 ! pectoral region4 ,! out] end is n exp&$ z is usual1 & ! surface is ornam5t$ ) grooves & ridges :i* radiate f a common c5t]4 ,! entire rema9s measure sc>cely #c in*es 9 l5g? & x is to be d\bt$ if ! creature atta9$ a l5g? ( m ?an #d in*es4 ,x is probably a "y =m1 b !re are no evid5ces ( ext]nal gills4 ,! *evron armature is b poorly pres]v$1 b s f> z c be det]m9$ x is n diff]5t f t ( o!r ,microsauria1 su* z ,amphibamus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ag ,type ( ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope4 #a4e4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,amphibamid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,mazon ,,creek1 ,,ill9ois4 ,family ,,amphibamid new family4 ,small1 liz>d-l1 t]re/rial or semi-aquatic1 megacephalic microsaurians1 kn[n f #c species4 ,! family *>act]s are ! huge size ( ! head z comp>$ to ! body1 ! %ort1 /umpy body ) ab\t #be %ort dorsal v]tebr1 a v %ort tail1 phalanges claw$1 pubis ( calcifi$ c>tilage1 scl]otic plates 9 ! orbit to ! numb] ( #bi or #cj 9 ea*1 v5tral armature well develop$4 ,tee? anisodont1 %>p1 conical1 non-/riate4 ,two g5]a are associat$ 9 ?is family3 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 kn[n f ?ree ne>ly complete skeletons2 ,a4 ?oracatus ,moodie1 kn[n f a s+le incomplete skeleton2 ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie1 ant]ior portion ( body & skull4 ,! species are all f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales & ! family seems unrepres5t$ else:]e4 ,x may be necess>y to comp>e ! ,amphibamid ) ! ,hylonomid :5 ! latt] gr\p is bett] kn[n1 b 9 ! light ( our pres5t k ! two families are di/9ct4 ,! g5]a may be di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,i4 ,size small1 less ?an #c in*es 9 total l5g?1 skull ) deeply incis$ tympanic not*es 7e>-slits7 ,amphibamus ,,ii4 ,size relatively l>ge1 body-l5g? #f in*es or m1 tee? di/9ctly anisodont1 skull ) ne>ly ev5 po/]ior table1 limbs v long1 v5tral armature highly develop$ ,cephal]peton ,g5us ,,amphibamus ,cope1 #ahfe4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfe1 pp4 #acd-acg4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ills41 #aa1 pp4 #ace-ada1 pl4 xxxii1 #a text-fig4 ,hay1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxix1 p4 #abj1 #aijj4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 p4 #ha1 fig4 #bd1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,! publication ( ! type species ( ?is g5us began ! rese>*es ( ,pr(essor ,cope on ! ext9ct ,amphibia ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :i* he cont9u$ = s _m ye>s ) su* excell5t results 7#aje-agg74 ,! description 0 bas$ on a s+le specim5 7plate #c1 fig4 #g7 belong+ to ,mr4 ,joseph ,evans1 ( ,morris1 ,ill9ois1 :o loan$ x to ,dr4 ,wor!n = ! ,ill9ois ,geological ,/ate ,survey 7#ajg71 9 ord] t x might be describ$4 ,! type has be5 de/roy$ by fire2 s ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,daniels1 ( ,roll+ ,prairie1 ,indiana4 ,!re are two o!r kn[n specim5s ( ! species4 ,"o is 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,daniels & ! o!r ,no4 #gid1 ( ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,?is g5us may be cle>ly sep>at$ f all ! o!r microsaurians by *>act]s :i* are peculi> to ! =m4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ! possession ( scl]otic plates 9 ! eyes2 ! l>ge size ( ! orbits 9 comp>ison ) ! dim5sions ( ! skull2 ! %ort1 broad =m ( ! body2 ! v %ort tail2 ! possession ( a calcifi$ c>tilag9\s pubis2 claw$ phalanges2 presacrals #bb4 ,! "* :i* places ! g5us di/9ctly 9 ! ,microsauria is ! possession ( long1 sl5d]1 curv$ ribs1 fir/ detect$ on ,mr4 ,daniels's specim5 7plate #ad1 figs4 #a1 #b71 by ,dr4 ,hay 7#caf74 ,its /egocephalian *>act]s are evid5t 9 e p>ticul> ( its anatomy ! ro($ skull1 ! arrangem5t ( ! cranial elem5ts1 ! pres5ce ( a well-develop$ v5tral armature1 & ! digital =mula 7#d = ! h& & #e = ! foot74 ,! g5us ,amphibamus 0 reg>d$ by ,cope z a repres5tative ( a new ord] ( v]tebrates :i* he call$ 7#aje7 ,x5ora*ia4 ,he lat] 7#abc7 ab&on$ ?is1 h[ev]4 ,frits* 7#bea71 ,zittel 7#fdb71 & o!rs reg>d$ ,amphibamus z a bran*iosaurian4 ,! exact position ( ! =m 0 unc]ta9 until #aijj1 :5 ,dr4 ,hay 7#caf7 describ$ ! long1 curv$ ribs & sugge/$ its place among ! ,microsauria4 ,he1 h[ev] 7,cat4 ,foss4 ,v]t41 p4 #daj71 made ! mi/ake ( includ+ ! bran*iosaurian family ,protritonid1 "u ,microsauria1 ?us confus+ ! subject fur!r4 ,! g5us 7#dfb7 has n ! slighte/ relation%ip ) ! ,bran*iosauria4 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 pp4 #acd-acg1 #ahfe2 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ills41 #aa1 pp4 #ace-ada1 pl4 xxxii1 & #a woodcut1 #ahff4 ,hay1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxix1 p4 #abj1 #aijj4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #hb1 fig4 #bd1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,kan4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cdc-cdi1 pl4 #a1 figs4 #a & #b2 pl4 #e1 fig4 #c2 pl4 #g1 fig4 #a2 pl4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 has be5 de/roy$4 ,!re is an excell5t specim5 7plate #d1 figs4 #e4 #f71 ,no4 #gid 7#abcd71 9 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum1 & ano!r ne>ly z good 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,daniels1 ( ,roll+ ,prairie1 ,indiana4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! =m ( ! skull ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope is n unlike t ( ,tuditanus m9imus ,moodie 7#dfb7 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 b$s1 b x is less acum9ate ?an 9 t =m4 ,! l>ge size ( ! orbits is especially /rik+4 ,! %ape ( ! skull is triangul>1 ) concavities 9 ! po/]ior table :i* correspond to ! e>-slits s *>act]i/ic ( ,metoposaurus 7#bdb7 f ! ,keup] ( ,g]many4 ,! n>r[$ po/]ior table ( ! skull is truncate1 z 9 sev]al o!r g5]a ( ,microsauria1 notably ,tuditanus & ,saur]peton4 ,9 /ructure ! skull diff]s b little f _m ( ! o!r ,c>bonif]\s =ms1 b ! arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( ! skull is m regul> ?an 9 o!r g5]a4 ,! premaxill>ies are v small elem5ts 9 ! ant]ior tip ( ! skull4 ,!y bord] ! n>es4 ,! skull is r peculi> among ! ,microsauria 9 ! possession ( a di/9ct lacrimal4 ,i h detect$ ?is elem5t 9 ! cranium ( ,/egops div>icata ,cope4 ,z "h def9$ ! lacrimal is triangul>1 ) its po/]ior bord] =m$ exclusively by ! prefrontal4 ,its o!r relations are ! normal ones4 ,! nasal is elongate1 ) ! usual relations ( t elem5t4 ,! frontal is slightly long] & broad] ?an ! nasal4 ,x app>5tly =ms a portion ( ! inn] bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! p>ietal =am5 lies 9 ! ant]ior f\r? ( ! p>ietal1 a r unusual position = ?is /ructure4 ,! p>ietals1 z 9 s _m ( ! ,microsauria1 toge!r =m ! l>ge/ elem5t ( ! skull & are r\ghly a triangul> area 9 ! po/]o-m$ian portion ( ! skull4 ,! po/p>ietal & ! tabul>e are cle>ly di/+ui%able & !y h ! usual relations = ^? elem5ts4 ,! maxill>y1 jugal1 & quadratojugal toge!r =m ! great] "p ( ! maxill>y bord]4 ,! po/]o-lat]al angle ( ! skull is1 z visual1 =m$ by ! squamosal4 ,! orbit is b\nd$ po/]iorly by ! po/orbital & ! po/frontal1 :i* include 9 ! angle betwe5 !m ! quadrangul> squamosal4 ,! orbit is especially rem>kable = its size z comp>$ ) ! dim5sions ( ! skull1 be+ )\t a p>allel among o!r kn[n ,microsauria4 ,ar\nd ! bord] ( ! orbit 9 ! specim5 ,cope /udi$ 7#aje7 !re 7 f\nd #ad quadrangul> plates :i* he call$ sup]cili>y plates4 ,hay 7#caf7 0 incl9$ to reg>d !m z scl]otic plates4 ,9 ! ,yale ,museum specim5 7plate #d1 figs4 #e1 #f7 !re are #bj ( ^! plates1 & !re seems to be no d\bt t !y are scl]otic elem5ts4 ,9 ! re/oration 7fig4 #bf7 #bi scl]otic plates are giv51 b !re is no assurance t ?is numb] is ! exact "o4 ,!y may also h be5 slightly l>g]1 b n z l>ge z 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,re/oration ( body outl9e & skeleton ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 f ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 %ales4 ,re/oration is bas$ on complete specim5s ( ! species & on ,cope's draw+4 ,=m ( body is indicat$ 9 "o specim51 t 9 possession ( ,mr4 ,daniels4 #a4e4 ,skull3 pmx1 premaxilla2 n1 nasal2 fr1 frontal2 p>1 p>ietal2 la1 lacrimal2 pf1 prefrontal2 p(1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 spt1 supratemporal2 mx1 maxilla2 j1 jugal2 qj1 quadratojugal2 sq1 squamosal2 tab1 tabul>e4 ,skeleton3 ic1 int]clavicle2 cl1 clavicle2 sc1 scapula2 h1 hum]us2 r-u1 radius1 ulna2 r1 c>pus2 pu1 pubis2 il1 ilium2 f1 femur2 t1 tibia2 fb1 fibula2 ts1 t>sus2 x1 is*ium4 ,! v]tebral column is pres]v$ ne>ly entire 9 ! ,daniels specim5 & q entire 7#dgh7 9 ! ,yale specim54 ,cope1 9 8 /udy ( ! type 7#aje1 #ajg71 ?\ght !re c\ld be no m ?an #ac presacrals1 b ! specim5 0 poorly pres]v$ & indecisive on ?is po9t4 ,dr4 ,hay 7#caf7 0 incl9$ to ! op9ion t !re 7 less ?an #bj4 ,! ,yale specim5 %[s #bb c5tra1 :i* are elongate1 h\r-glass-%ap$ bodies1 ) ! neural sp9e a long1 l[ cre/ runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! c5trum1 ) a m$ian elevation1 s t 9 lat]al view ! sp9e w\ld be triangul> 9 =m4 ,! body ( ! c5trum is exp&$ lat]ally into a diapophysis :i* ext5ds ant]iorly4 ,! po/]ior v]tebr1 at lea/1 _h ! noto*ord l>gely p]si/5t4 ,! osse\s "p ( ! v]tebra seems to h be5 b a ?9 %ell1 & ! /ructure ( ! zygapophyses c n be det]m9$4 ,t !y 7 dorsal 9 position is1 h[ev]1 evid5t f sev]al v]tebr4 ,! po9ts ( ^! /ructures project lat]ally4 ,! tail is %ort & ! caudal v]tebr weakly develop$4 ,!re are di/9ct impressions ( at lea/ #ab pairs ( ribs 9 ! ,daniels specim54 ,!y are long1 sl5d]1 & curv$1 & !re is no def9ite assurance t !re 7 z _m ribs z are indicat$ 7fig4 #bf7 9 ! re/oration 7#dfb74 ,! ribs are int]c5tral 7#dfi7 & probably occupi$ ! full l5g? ( ! v]tebral column4 ,!re may h be5 z _m z indicat$ 9 ! re/oration4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! ,yale specim5 is ! pres]vation ( a small pat* ( sk91 evid5tly f ! back1 ly+ to "o side ne> ! head1 measur+ #e mm4 9 l5g? by #c mm4 9 wid?4 ,! fragm5t %[s ! sk9 to be ( tub]culat$ scales1 #d ( :i* occupy ! l5g? ( #a mm4 ,! scales are some:at hexagonal1 almo/ r\nd$1 & 7 relatively q ?ick4 ,!y lie 9 a close mosaic 7fig4 #bg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,skeleton ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 #a4d4 c1 c>pus2 cl1 clavicle2 cr1 caudal rib2 cv1 caudal v]tebra2 f1 femur2 h1 hum]us3 il1 ilium2 s1 sk93 or1 orbit3 r1 radius2 ul1 ulna2 sc1 scapula2 sp1 scl]otic plates2 t1 tibia & fibula2 ts1 t>sus2 vs1 v5tral scutell4 ,specim5 ,no4 #gid1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,! ,yale specim5 has1 v well pres]v$1 a portion ( ! v5tral scutell1 ( ! ?roat1 *e/1 & belly4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! plates on ! ?roat & *e/ is almo/ exactly ! rev]se ( :at ,cr$n] has describ$ 7#aij7 = ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus ,cr$4 ,on ! ?roat1 9 ! pres5t =m1 ! *evron po9ts ant]iorly1 & x is ! ant]ior prolongation ( ! belly scutes ) ! po/]o-lat]al projection ( ! gul> scutes :i* =m ! *e/ & arm scutellation4 ,! belly *evrons po9t ant]iorly1 z 9 ,bran*iosaurus1 ! rods =m$ by ! scutes be+ /raight & n curv$ z 9 ,bran*iosaurus4 ,! entire v5tral armature pres]v$ is displac$ to ! left ( ! animal & only ! ant]ior portion is pres]v$4 ,! pectoral girdle is only p>tially kn[n4 ,! scapula is cresc5t-%ap$4 ,! o!r elem5ts are indicat$ only by fragm5ts & no?+ is kn[n ( _! =m4 ,! arm elem5ts are ne>ly all kn[n4 ,! hum]us is sl5d] & exp&$ at ! ends1 ) its articul> surfaces well develop$4 ,! sep>ate radius & ulna are ( approximately ! same size & l5g?4 ,! c>pus is unossifi$4 ,! complete phalangeal =mula = ! h& ( ,amphibamus is unkn[n4 ,! ?ird digit seems to h #d elem5ts4 ,! =mula #b-b-c-b has be5 sugge/$ 7#dfb74 ,! pelvis is v satisfactorily kn[n4 ,! ilium is a long1 sl5d]1 /raight rod1 ) exp&$ ends4 ,! is*ium is %[n on bo? sides ( ! v]tebral column 9 ! ,yale specim54 ,its =m is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ,paleohatt]ia longicaudata ,cr$n]1 f ! ,ro?lieg5d5 ( ,saxony4 ,! is*ia are app>5tly approximate 9 ! m$ian l9e1 ?\gh ?is "* is some:at obscur$ by ! impression ( ! caudal v]tebr4 ,_! relation ) ! ilium1 o!r ?an t !y 7 po/]ior to x1 is unc]ta94 ,! pubis is1 app>5tly1 calcifi$ c>tilage4 ,x is a squ>i% plate1 some:at corrugat$1 ly+ ant]ior to ! ilium 9 ! ,daniels specim54 ,! elem5ts ( ! pelvis 7 und\bt$ly hung loosely 9 ! fle%1 z 9 mod]n salam&]s1 s9ce !re is no indication ( articul> surfaces4 ,! h9d limb is well kn[n1 ! type hav+ a ne>ly complete leg ) ! foot4 ,! ,daniels & ! ,yale specim5s supplem5t & sub/antiate ! type4 ,! femur is long] ?an ! hum]us1 b m sl5d]1 ) its articul> surfaces ab\t z well develop$ z 9 ! hum]us4 ,! elem5t is a simple rod ( bone )\t muscul> cre/s ( any k9d4 ,! tibia & fibula are1 likewise1 sl5d] sep>ate rods ( bone4 ,! t>sus is unossifi$4 ,! phalangeal =mula is #b-b-c-d-c1 & is fairly def9ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,re/oration ( probable appe>ance ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope on ! basis ( ! mat]ial describ$ h]e)4 #a4e4 ,9 ! type specim5 ! matrix 9 ! orbit 0 black5$ z if by ! pigm5tum nigrum ( ! *oroid4 ,! same has be5 notic$ 9 o!r specim5s4 ,pr(essor ,cope ?\ght ?is indicat$ t ! animal 0 nocturnal4 ,!re are _m *>act]s 9 ,amphibamus :i* seem to approximate ! reptilian type ( /ructure4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ! "* ( ! articul> surfaces ( ! limb bones1 ! int]c5tral position ( ! ribs1 ! incipi5t d\ble-head$ness & ! curvature ( ! ribs1 ! pres5ce ( a c>tilag9\s calcifi$ pubis1 ! l5g? ( ! limbs1 & ! claw$ "* ( ! phalanges4 ,amphibamus 0 a l[1 flat1 %ort1 & und\bt$ly a creep+1 crawl+ animal1 possibly sp5d+ a portion ( its "t 9 ! wat]2 b x c\ld n h be5 a swimm]4 ,x 0 "o ( nature's fir/ attempts at con/ruct+ a l& v]tebrate4 ,measurem5ts ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope4 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,daniels1 ( ,roll+ ,prairie1 ,indiana3 mm4 ,entire l5g? ( specim5 #fb ,po/]ior wid? ( head #ae ,l5g? ( head #ae ,po/]ior height ( skull #c ,l5g? ( orbit #e ,wid? ( orbit #c4e ,int]orbital wid? #d ,wid? ( skull 9 front ( orbits #aa ,wid? ( skull j back ( orbits #af ,l5g? ( presacral region ( ! v]tebral column #cj ,l5g? ( tail #ac ,l5g? ( =e limb #ac4e ,l5g? ( hum]us #d ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #c ,l5g? ( "r h& z pres]v$ #c4e ,l5g? ( rib along curve #e4e ,l5g? ( h9d limb #ag ,l5g? ( ilium #d ,l5g? ( v]tebral c5trum #a4ge ,l5g? ( portion ( scapula 787 pres]v$ #d4e ,l5g? ( foot #f4e ,wid? ( impression ( body midway #af ,no4 #gid 7#abcd71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum3 mm4 ,l5g? ( skeleton #fg ,l5g? ( skull #ae ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #ae ,dep? ( tympanic not* #d ,wid? ( tympanic not* #f ,long diamet] ( ! orbit #g ,transv]se diamet] ( ! orbit #e4e ,int]orbital wid? #d4e ,diamet] ( p9eal =am5 4#ge ,l5g? ( c]vical s]ies ( v]tebr #i ,l5g? ( dorsal s]ies #ce ,l5g? ( caudal s]ies #ac ,l5g? ( a c5trum ( ! dorsal s]ies #a4e ,l5g? ( dorsal rib #c4e ,l5g? ( arm #bj ,l5g? ( hum]us #g ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #d ,wid? ( c>pal space #c ,l5g? ( ?ird digit #e ,l5g? ( leg #be ,l5g? ( ilium #c ,l5g? ( femur #i ,l5g? ( tibia & fibula #e ,l5g? ( c>pal space #d ,l5g? ( #a/ digit #c ,l5g? ( #b;d digit #d4e ,l5g? ( #d? digit #g #c v5tral scutell 9 #a mm4 ,amphibamus ?oracatus ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #dj1 pp4 #dca-dcc1 fig4 #b1 #aiaa4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cdg-cdi1 pl4 #e1 fig4 #b1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #dcjf1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! type is a "p ( ! collection ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,lacoe1 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,! fossil is v poorly pres]v$1 b ! rema9s are to be se5 on bo? halves ( ! nodule1 s t consid]able c be made out z to its /ructure4 ,! *ief diagno/ic *>act]s :i* w at once di/+ui% ! species are ! elongate arm1 l>ge int]clavicle1 %ape ( ! v]tebra1 & triangul> skull4 ,! portions ( ! animal :i* are pres]v$ are ! impression ( ! skull ) "o orbit1 ! "r hum]us & radius ) portions ( o!rs1 & traces ( v5tral scutell4 ,^! rema9s are s int]m+l$ ) ! rema9s ( plants t x has be5 q difficult to di/+ui% bone impression f plants4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 has be5 done by :it5+ ! fossils ) ammonium *loride1 :5 ! texture ( ! fossils s]ves to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,p>ts ( ! plants h be5 conv]t$ into gal5a & kaol91 z h also p>ts ( ! bones1 s ! task has be5 r5d]$ d\bly difficult4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! obs]vations record$ bel[ are correct4 ,! position ( ! arm 9 relation to ! pectoral girdle & ! position ( ! girdle 9 relation to ! skull impression fir/ call$ att5tion to ! possible pres5ce ( a fossil amphibian4 ,!re is little to be said ( ! skull4 ,x is m]ely an impression 9 ! nodule4 ,x is triangul> 9 =m1 ) ! sn\t an acute angle4 ,! angle is1 h[ev]1 exagg]at$ by ! compression to :i* ! fossil has be5 subject$4 ,! "r side ( ! skull lies ov] a portion ( "s plant4 ,! animal is pres]v$ on its back1 s t ?is gives a good opportunity = ! /udy ( ! pectoral girdle1 :i* is p>tially pres]v$4 ,! int]clavicle is v l>ge & f x ! species has be5 giv5 its specific "n 7?oracatus--arm$ ) a brea/ plate74 ,x is an exagg]at$ ,t1 ) ! /em v %ort ) its ant]ior m>g9 curv$1 & end+ 9 a r %>p1 elongate po9t4 ,! int]clavicle recalls1 9 a measure1 ! same elem5t ( ! ,bran*iosauria1 al?\gh x is mu* m exp&$ ant]iorly & has a %ort] sp9e4 ,9 ^! respects x resembles m ne>ly a reptilian int]clavicle 7fig4 #ad ,b74 ,! clavicle is ( ! simple triangul> %ape s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,microsauria4 ,x is some:at displac$ backw>d & its inn] m>g9 is slightly obscur$4 ,! hum]us is elongate1 app>5tly cyl9drical1 & ) exp&$ ends1 resembl+ v closely ! hum]us ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps1 al?\gh its proportions are mu* great] ?an 9 t species4 ,its l5g? is almo/ equal to ! l5g? ( ! skull1 :ile 9 ,a4 gr&iceps ! l5g? ( ! hum]us is only half t ( ! skull4 ,! radius 7ulna87 resembles 9 its g5]al proportions ^? ( ! hum]us4 ,x is a m elongate1 sl5d]1 light] bone4 ,! impression ( ! o!r bone ( ! =e>m is obscur$4 ,a portion ( a s+le v]tebral c5trum f ! po/]ior "p ( ! dorsal s]ies is pres]v$4 ,x is app>5tly amphicl\s2 its wid? is ne>ly half great] ?an its l5g?4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,amphibamus ?oracatus ,moodie4 7,no4 #dcjf1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum47 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim51 z pres]v$ #fj ,l5g? ( skull impression #ah ,greate/ wid? ( same #ae4e ,long diamet] ( "r orbit #d ,transv]se diamet] ( same #c ,transv]se wid? ( int]clavicle #ad ,long diamet] ( same #g787 ,long diamet] ( clavicle #i ,greate/ transv]se diamet] #c ,l5g? ( hum]us #aj ,greate/ diamet] ( same #d ,lea/ diamet] ( same #a4e ,l5g? ( radius 7ulna87 #aa ,l5g? ( v]tebral c5trum #b ,wid? ( same #c ,g5us ,,cephal]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cdj1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie4 ,?is g5us is f\nd$ on rema9s ( a ne>ly entire individual ( a relatively l>ge microsaurian f ! ,mazon ,creek %ales4 ,! g5us is mo/ imm$iately relat$ to ! ,amphibamid1 ( :i* two species are already kn[n1 ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope & ,a4 ?oracatus ,moodie4 ,! pres5t g5us diff]s f ^! species 9 _m respects1 notably 9 size4 ,! skull 9 ,cephal]peton is ne>ly z long z half ! entire body ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope1 inclusive ( ! tail4 ,o!r /ructural diff]5ces are ! anisodont tee?1 ! l>ge size & ! m m$ian position ( ! orbits1 & ! abs5ce ( ! po/]ior tympanic not* 9 ,cephal]peton4 ,! =m ( ! skull recalls t ( ,melan]peton & ,pelosaurus 7#aij7 ( ,europe1 b ^? g5]a are bran*iosaurian1 :ile ! pres5t =m1 f ! /ructure ( ! v]tebr & ! long1 curv$ ribs1 is an und\bt$ microsaurian4 ,no?+ l x occurs 9 any ( ! amphibian faunas ?us f> made kn[n4 ,x is mo/ ne>ly approa*$ by a memb] ( ! g5us ,erpetosaurus1 b f ?is g5us ! pres5t =m is readily di/+ui%$ by ! smoo? skull bones1 ! abs5ce ( a po/]ior table to ! skull1 & ! pres5ce ( a highly develop$ v5tral armature4 ,! int]orbital wid? is less ?an ! transv]se diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ah #a4 ,type specim5 ( ,erpelosaurus sculptilis ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton ,%ales ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,walk] ,museum4 #b4 ,skeletal elem5ts ( ,eryops sp4 indet41 f ! ,pittsburgh ,r$ ,%ale at ,pitcairn1 ,p5nsylvania4 ane>ly complete v]tebra2 b & cribs2 dpleuroc5trum2 fneural ar* & sp9e4 ,orig9als 9 ! ,c>negie ,museum at ,pittsburgh4 ,aft] ,case4 #c4 ,photograph ( amphibian footpr9ts1 ,dromopus aduncus ,branson1 f ! ,mississippian %ales ( ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 #a_/c4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,branson4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,museum at ,ob]l9 ,college4 #d4 ,photograph ( type ( ,?9opus antiquus ,m>%1 ! amphibian footpr9t f ! ,devonian ( ,p5nsylvania4 #a_/d4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,lull4 ,orig9al ,no4 #ghd1 ,vale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vii1 ,no4 #b1 pp1 #cej-ceb1 pl4 #a1 fig4 #d2 pl4 #g1 fig4 #b1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #gif1 ( ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,collect$ at ,mazon ,creek 9 #ahga1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! rema9s on :i* ! pres5t species is bas$ consi/ ( an almo/ entire skull1 #bf consecutive v]tebr1 bo? =e limbs1 #bj ribs pres]v$ on ! "r side ( ! body1 & a portion ( ! v5tral armature 7plate #d1 fig4 #d74 ,! skull is v broad po/]iorly1 its wid? be+ "o-?ird great] ?an its l5g?1 ) due all[ance = cru%+4 ,a p9eal =am5 is n pres]v$4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! premaxill>ies1 ! maxill1 ! nasals1 ! prefrontals1 ! frontals1 a portion ( ! p>ietals1 ! squamosal1 ! supratemporal1 ! quadratojugal1 & ! quadrate 787 are fairly well pres]v$4 ,! arrangem5t ( ^! elem5ts c be disc]n$ by ref]5ce to figure #bi4 ,! prefrontals are unusually l>ge & are triangul> 9 %ape4 ,! supratemporal is also q l>ge4 ,! surface ( ! skull bones is smoo? & !re is n[h]e an indication ( sculpture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,skeleton ( ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum ,moodie4 #a4 pf1 prefrontal2 cl1 clavicle2 m1 m&ible2 h1 hum]us2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 or1 orbit2 ph1 phalanges ( h&2 p>2 p>ietal2 po1 po/orbital2 r1 radius2 sp1 scl]otic plates2 u1 ulna2 vs1 v5tral scutell4 ,portions ( #d scl]otic plates are pres]v$ 9 ! "r orbit4 ,^! measure #j4e by #j4ge mm4 ,! orbits are l>ge & ! int]orbital space is less ?an ! transv]se diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,?irte5 tee?1 app>5tly pleurodont1 are pres]v$ on ! left maxilla4 ,!y are %ort1 %>ply po9t$1 smoo?1 & unequal4 ,! fir/ #b left maxill>y tee? f ! ant]ior end are %ort2 !n foll[s a too? :i* is "o-?ird long] ?an ^! two2 ! f\r? too? is some:at %ort] ?an ! ?ird2 ! fif? & six? are /ill %ort] & are practically equal 9 size1 ?\gh some:at l>g] ?an ! fir/ two4 ,! "r m&ible is pres]v$ almo/ entire1 ?\gh s badly erod$ t little c be said ( its /ructure4 ,impressions ( #ab tee? are pres5t on ! m&ible & all are1 app>5tly1 equal4 ,! cotylus seems to h be5 f> po/]ior & an angle ( ! m&ible project$ slightly back ( ! skull4 ,!re rema9 only a few indef9ite impressions ( ! c]vical v]tebr4 ,! union ( ! skull ) ! v]tebral column is obscur$ & lo/4 ,impressions ( ! dorsal v]tebr are well pres]v$1 & wax molds made f ^! %[ ! /ructure ( ! dorsal v]tebr surpris+ly well4 ,!y are long & cyl9drical1 ) ! m$ian portions slightly con/rict$ by a deep pit on ea* side ( ! l[ neural ridge1 :i* takes ! =m obs]v$ 9 ,?yrsidium1 ,molgophis1 ,phlege?ontia1 ,doli*osoma 7fig4 #h7 & o!r g5]a4 ,! v]tebr are /rongly amphicl\s & ! noto*ord 0 probably p]si/5t4 ,! sides ( ! v]tebr are smoo?4 ,! ribs are all int]c5tral 9 position2 ! ant]ior ones v broad ne> ! base1 recall+ ! broadly exp&$ ribs describ$ by ,s*w>z 7#edj7 = ,sc9cosaurus1 ,ptyonius1 ,?yrsidium1 & o!r g5]a4 ,po/]iorly ! ribs become sl5d] & cyl9drical4 ,!y are all r long & di/9ctly curv$1 ) probably a c>tilag9\s tip4 ,!re is pres]v$ a s+le elem5t ( ! "r side ( ! pectoral girdle4 ,?is is1 ,i ?9k1 ! coracoid1 an elem5t :i* has hi!rto escap$ obs]vation among ! ,am]ican ,microsauria4 ,x is long & spatulate at bo? ends1 ) ! m$ian portion app>5tly almo/ cyl9drical1 n unlike t describ$ by ,cr$n] 7#aha7 = ! coracoid ( ,bran*iosaurus1 save t ! l[] end ( ! bran*iosaurian coracoid is acum9ate4 ,9 ! pres5t =m x is spatulate4 ,its relations ) ! o!r elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle h nev] be5 satisfactorily det]m9$4 ,! =e limbs are bo? p>tially pres]v$4 ,! hum]us ( ! "r side is complete4 ,x is greatly elongat$ = a microsaurian4 ,! =m ( ! elem5t is n unlike t ( a liz>d1 ) ! l[] end ( ! bone spatulate & endo*ondrium well develop$4 ,v little diff]5ce c be se5 betwe5 ! =m ( ! arm bones1 :i* repres5t ! radius & ulna4 ,!y are bo? elongat$1 ) con/rict$ m$ian portion & exp&$ truncate ends4 ,! c>pus is unossifi$ & ! c>tilage has left no trace ( ! elem5ts4 ,! "r h& has two metac>pals pres]v$1 :i* are fully half z long z ! radius & ulna4 ,!y are sep>at$ "s little di/ance f ! ends ( ^! elem5ts1 ?\gh ?is may be due to po/-mortem %ift+4 ,! c>pus may1 h[ev]1 h be5 broad4 ,on ! left side are pres]v$ portions ( ! hum]us1 radius1 ulna1 & #c metac>pals1 ly+ close to ! v]tebral column4 ,! c>pal space is n s l>ge on ! left z on ! "r4 ,! v5tral armature is well pres]v$ 9 a n>r[ pat* ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! *evron-%ap$ rods are q l>ge1 !re be+ #b ( !m 9 #a mm4 ,measurem5ts4 mm4 ,entire l5g? ( fossil #ih ,l5g? ( skull #bb ,wid? across base ( skull #bh ,long diamet] ( eye #aj4e ,transv]se diamet] ( eye #h ,int]orbital space #d ,l5g? ( m&ible #bf ,dep? ( m&ible at coronoidal region #c4e ,dep? ( d5t>y #b ,l5g? ( long too? #b ,diamet] ( long too? at base 4#e ,l5g? ( pres]v$ portion ( v]tebral column #fd ,l5g? ( a c5trum #c ,m$ian wid? ( a c5trum #a4e ,l5g? ( rib #f4e ,wid? ( rib at base 4#cc ,l5g? ( coracoid #e ,wid? ( coracoid at ant]ior end #b4e ,l5g? ( c>pal space #e ,l5g? ( hum]us #ah ,wid? ( %aft #a ,di/al wid? ( hum]us #d ,l5g? ( radius & ulna #aj4e ,l5g? ( metac>pal #f ,l5g? ( v5tral armature pres]v$ #bd ,numb] ( rods 9 l5g? ( #e mm #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ai ,type specim5 ( ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #a4cc4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #bj #a4 ,skull ( ,erpetosaurus m9utus ,moodie1 f ! ,cannelton slates ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,enl>g$ #c4c4 #b4 ,skull & ant]ior "p ( body ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #a4 #c4 ,skeleton ( ,eosauravus copei ,willi/on1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton4 ,ohio4 ,! olde/ kn[n reptile f ,nor? ,am]ica & closely relat$ /ructurally to ! ,microsauria4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #a4 #d4 ,"p ( ! v5tral scutellation & ribs ( ,sauropleura digitata ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton4 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,nyraniid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,nyraniid ,lydekk]1 #ahij4 ,lydekk]1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 p4 #aff1 #ahij4 ,skull ) ! palat9es situat$ ne> ! middle l9e1 int]nally to ! vom]s & pt]ygoids1 & ! palat9e vacuities small & plac$ f> back4 ,v]tebr 7,i*?y]peton7 discoidal4 ,tee? less complex ?an 9 ! ,an?racosaurid4 ,a v5tral armor pres5t & ! entire body cov]$ ) small cycloid imbriat$ scales4 ,! type g5us ( ?is family 0 plac$ by ,frits* 7#bea7 ) ! ,ar*egosaurid1 al?\gh its resemblance to ,an?racosaurus 0 po9t$ out2 x 0 subsequ5tly made ! type ( a family by ,lydekk] 7#cic7 9 #ahij1 & plac$ next ! ,ar*egosaurid4 ,kn[n f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,bohemia1 ,irel&1 & ,ohio4 ,two g5]a f ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,i*?y]peton & ,c]c>iomorphis1 are assign$ t5tatively to ?is family1 bo? kn[n f ! ,coal ,measures 7#dfb7 ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 & bo? ) ! body completely scal$4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]s are f\nd *iefly 9 ! %ape & arrangem5t ( ! scales1 ! /ructure1 =m1 & size ( ! body1 all ( :i* are giv5 full treatm5t 9 ! discussion bel[4 ,g5us ,,i*?y]peton ,huxley1 #ahff4 ,huxley1 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,iri% ,acad41 ,,xxiv1 p4 #aie1 pl4 xxiii1 fig4 #a2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,iii1 p4 #aie1 pl4 #bc1 fig4 #a1 #ahff4 ,! g5us 0 f\nd$ by ,huxley 7#ccd7 = ! reception ( ! species ,i*?y]peton bradley f ! ,kilk5ny ,coal ,measures ( ,irel&4 ,! rema9s ( ! type specim5 repres5t ! h9d] moiety ( ! trunk1 ) ! great] "p ( ! tail1 ( an animal ^: scaly integum5t & lat]ally compress$1 f9-l tail might easily lead "o to take x = a fi%1 7 n its true position among high] v]tebrata settl$ at once by ! digitate h9d limb2 :ile its alliance ) ! labyr9?odonts is indicat$ by ! delicate spicul> ossicles1 :i* =m a rudim5t>y d]mal %ield along ! belly4 7,huxley47 ,i*?y]peton squamosum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #fi1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bd1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5s ,nos4 #ddgf & #ddei1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,locality & horizon3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! pres5t species is bas$ on well-pres]v$ rema9s f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 b$s4 ,!re are two specim5s ( ! species pres]v$ on blocks ( coal & toge!r !y repres5t ! great] "p ( ! l5g? ( ! animal4 ,! species is locat$ 9 ! g5us ,i*?y]peton1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ,huxley 7#ccd1 p4 #cea7 on rema9s f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,irel&1 on acc\nt ( ! "* ( ! d]mal cov]+1 :i* consi/s ( small scales su* z ,huxley describ$ 9 ! =m f ,irel&4 ,! specific *>act]s ( ?is =m are ! small size ( ! r\nd$ scales1 ! att5uat$ tail1 ! app>5t abs5ce ( limbs1 ! "* ( ! v5tral scutellation1 & ! slightly curv$ condition ( ! ribs4 ,x is e/imat$1 f ! portions pres]v$1 t ! animal atta9$ a l5g? ( n less ?an #c feet & its body 0 long & sl5d]4 ,x may h _h an appe>ance simil> to ! mod]n caudate g5us ,sir51 ?\gh !re 7 d\btless #d limbs pres5t in/ead ( #b4 ,! sl5d]ness ( ! body is at v>iance ) ! condition f\nd 9 ! type species ,i*?y]peton bradley ,huxley1 9 :i* ! trunk 0 r /\tly built4 ,! "* ( ! ant]ior portion ( ! body 9 ! pres5t species c n be det]m9$ & ! skull is want+4 ,!re are no evid5ces ( ant]ior limbs1 al?\gh ! v5tral scutellation pres]v$ w\ld seem to include ! pectoral region4 ,no pectoral %ields are pres]v$1 nor are !re any traces ( pelvic girdle or limbs4 ,! pres]v$ portions on "o block include ne>ly ! entire tail & ! po/]ior region ( ! body1 & on ! o!r block ! dorsal region ( ! body & ! ant]ior portion ( ! tail1 s t ! two specim5s supplem5t ea* o!r 9 an int]e/+ mann]4 ,!re are impressions ( sev]al v]tebr pres]v$4 ,!y are mu* ! same 9 "* z ,huxley has describ$ = ! type species 7,i4 bradley74 ,!y are %ort & ?ick & 7 probably amphicl\s4 ,!re are likewise pres]v$ ! rema9s ( r sl5d] recurv$ ribs m+l$ 9 ) ! rema9s ( ! v5tral scutellation & di/+ui%$ f ! elem5ts ( ! abdom9al %ield by _! size & curvature4 ,!y are1 app>5tly1 s+le-head$1 b ! "* ( _! articulation c n be det]m9$4 ,! v5tral scutellation consi/s ( f9e cont9u\s rods arrang$ 9 ! regul> *evron patt]n4 ,!y d n seem to be divid$ into oat-%ap$ scutes1 z is ! case ) ! =m describ$ by ,huxley4 ,! v5tral rods are closely pack$ = a di/ance ( m ?an #f in*es1 b z !y are scatt]$ _! exact arrangem5t c n be det]m9$4 ,!y seem to h ext5d$ to ! cloacal region1 b !re are no evid5ces ( ! specializ$ clasp+ organs su* z ,frits* 7#bea7 has describ$ 9 ! v5tral scutell ( ,ophid]peton4 ,! scales1 :i* are well pres]v$ on ! tail1 may h cov]$ ! entire body1 s9ce !re are _m scatt]$ scales 9 ! dorsal region ( "o ( ! specim5s4 ,!y are slightly oval1 tub]culate1 & measure sc>cely #a mm4 9 _! longe/ diamet]4 ,!y %[ b slight evid5ces ( hav+ be5 imbricat$1 ?\gh x is likewise possible t !y 7 simply inclos$ )9 ! integum5t1 & some:at sep>at$ f "o ano!r4 ,! mo/ po/]ior "p ( ! tail pres]v$ seems to indicate t ! tip 0 att5uat$4 ,x 0 probably flatt5$ f side to side4 ,we may ?us reg>d ,i*?y]peton squamosum z an elongate aquatic animal ) a long1 flatt5$ tail1 & s9ce !re 7 possibly no limbs or v small ones1 x w\ld be an animal highly adapt$ = life 9 ! wat]4 ,! pres5t species is ( int]e/ because x repres5ts an additional discov]y ( ! scal$ ,amphibia 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! species previ\sly kn[n f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 deposits is ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope4 ,d]mal scales h also be5 obs]v$ 9 specim5s ( ,amphibamus gr&iceps ,cope & ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie 7#dfb1 #dgh7 f ! ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 b$s1 & ,sir ,william ,dawson 7#bjh7 describ$ scales accompany+ sev]al =ms f ! ,jogg9s deposits ( we/]n ,nova ,scotia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #ba #a4 ,m&ible ( ,micr]peton deani ,moodie1 f ! ,l9ton4 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,no4 #bicd4 #j4f4 #b4 ,portion ( ! skull ( ,micr]peton deani ,moodie1 possibly ( ! same individual z ! m&ible4 ,f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,no4 #cece ,g4 #j4d4 #c4 ,type ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #a4 #d4 ,an additional specim5 ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #a4 #e4 ,skull ( ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry4 ,f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #a4 #f4 ,too? ( ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 indet4 ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,kansas4 ,orig9al 9 ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,museum4 #a4 #g4 ,too? ( ,ma/odonsaurus giganteus ,jaeg]1 f ! ,triassic ( ,g]many4 ,introduc$ = comp>ison ) ! too? f ! ,kansas ,c>bonif]\s4 #a4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,types ( ,i*?y]peton squamosum ,moodie4 ,l5g? ( animal z e/imat$ f two impressions #c ft4 ,l5g? ( longe/ impression #ba 94 ,l5g? ( specim5 conta9+ tail impression #i 94 ,wid? ( tail impression3 ,maximum #ej mm4 ,m9imum #f mm4 ,wid? ( a s+le scale #a mm4 ,di/ance f base ( tail to tip #abe mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 z pres]v$ #bbe mm4 ,wid? ( *evron rod space #cj mm4 ,l5g? ( rib #be mm4 #h *evrons 9 a di/ance ( #c mm4 ,g5us ,,c]c>iomorphus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahhe1 p4 #dje4 ,type3 ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope4 ,! type specim5 ( ?is g5us is supplem5t$ by a portion ( ! body ( ano!r specim5 :i* adds a little to our k ( ! animal's =m1 b no?+ z to /ructure4 ,cope's orig9al description is z foll[s3 ,repres5t$ by a fusi=m body :i* t]m9ates 9 a long1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical tail1 & :i* is cov]$ ) small subquadrate scales qu9cuncially arrang$4 ,no f9s or limbs are pres]v$1 & ! =m ( ! head c n be made out4 ,probably a portion ( ! skull is pres]v$4 ,!re are "s scatt]$ bodies 9 ! body portion1 :i* look l deeply concave v]tebr ) ! zygapophyses ( batra*ians4 ,!re are "s l9e> impressions at "o po9t1 :i* resemble ! bri/le-l rods on _m ,/egocephali4 ,!y are s few z to be ( little importance4 ,! scales are l ^? ( fi%es4 ,!re are traces ( segm5tation 9 ! axis ( ! long tail4 ,! position ( ?is curi\s =m is q unc]ta94 ,x is q diff]5t f any?+ obs]v$ hi!rto 9 ! ,am]ican ,coal ,measures4 ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahhe1 p4 #dje4 ,moodie1 ,sci5ce1 n4s41 ,,xli1 ,no4 #ajef1 p4 #dfc1 #aiae4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #befj1 ,newb]ry ,collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,discov]$ by ,samuel ,hu/on at ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,m9es4 7,plate #ba1 figs4 #c1 #d2 #bd1 figs4 #b1 #c47 ,! scales 7,plate #bd1 fig4 #b7 9 _! pres5t condition are entirely smoo?4 ,at a di/ance ( #bj mm4 f ! base ( ! tail !y are 9 #bj longitud9al s]ies4 ,at t po9t ! transv]se diamet] ( ! body is #adj mm4 ,! outl9e contracts r abruptly to ! tail1 ( :i* #ff mm4 are pres]v$4 ,! surface ( ! tail is obscur$ by a ?9 lay] ( c>bonace\s matt] n suffici5tly ?ick to obscure scales1 :i* are evid5t at di/ances ( #af mm41 #dc mm41 & #eb mm4 f ! tip4 ,! scales on ! tail are small] ?an ^? on ! body & are )\t m>k+s ( any k9d4 ,! ant]ior half ( ! body is depress$ & di/ort$1 b ! rema9d] is well pres]v$ & %[s a fairly good outl9e ( an app>5tly limbless body4 ,an additional specim5 7,no4 #hfhc ,g1 ( ! ,newb]ry ,collection1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory7 reveals no new facts z to /ructure1 b s]ves to %[ t ! body ( ! animal 0 long & sl5d] 7plate #ba1 fig4 #d74 ,! portion /udi$ comes und\bt$ly f ! middle ( ! body4 ,no limb elem5ts are pres]v$4 ,! scales are some:at l>g]1 especially t[>d ! sides ( ! body1 ?an 9 ! type4 ,! fragm5t measures #gj mm4 9 l5g? by #ah mm4 & #bf mm4 9 wid?4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ scales measures #a mm4 9 diamet]4 ,measurem5ts ( ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire rema9s #ahj ,greate/ wid? #bb ,greate/ wid? ( undi/urb$ portion #ae ,l5g? ( an individual scale 4#ge ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,! ,,ai/opod\s ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,ptyoniid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,ptyoniid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #ceg1 #ahge4 ,elongate1 sl5d]1 weak-limb$1 aquatic microsaurians4 ,neural & hmal sp9es ( v]tebr elongat$1 exp&$ & sculptur$4 ,v5tral armature weakly develop$ or abs5t4 ,skull lanceolate1 ) long1 sl5d] tee?4 ,?ree g5]a are assign$ to ?is family3 ,ptyonius1 /ocephalus1 & ,?yrsidium4 ,! =ms are v closely relat$1 & :5 additional mat]ial is secur$ ! ?ree g5]a may be f\nd to be id5tical4 ,! species includ$ 9 ?is family are3 ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope1 ,p4 v9*ellianus ,cope1 ,p4 m>%ii ,cope1 ,p4 nummif] ,cope1 ,p4 s]rula ,cope1 /ocephalus remex ,cope1 ,o4 rectid5s ,cope1 ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 ,! species are all exclusively f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures1 & mo/ ( !m are kn[n f abundant mat]ial4 ,g5us ,,ptyonius ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgc1 #ahge4 ,cope designat$ no species z ! type1 b we may reg>d ,ptyonius pect9atus z typical4 ,=m elongate1 ) long tail & lanceolate cranium4 ,limbs weak1 a po/]ior pair only discov]$4 ,?ree clavicul> elem5ts2 abdom5 protect$ by pack$ osse\s rods1 :i* are arrang$ en *evron1 ! angle direct$ =w>d4 ,neural & hmal sp9es ( caudal v]tebr exp&$ & fan-l4 ,ribs well develop$4 ,! v>i\s species v>y 9 l5g? f #c to #aj in*es4 ,!y are ! mo/ abundant amphibian 9 ! ,l9ton b$s4 ,! pres5t g5us resembles ,lept]peton ,huxley 7#ccd71 ( ! ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&1 ,coal ,measures4 ,b t g5us possesses divid$ abdom9al rods1 or oat-%ap$ scales1 & ! =m ( ! cranium & proportions ( ! body are diff]5t4 ,! g5us is closely relat$ to1 possibly id5tical )1 /ocephalus1 b additional mat]ial w be requir$ to settle ?is po9t4 ,cope 7#abc7 gives ! foll[+ key = ! sep>ation ( ! #e species3 x4 ,abdom9al rods co>s]1 n m ?an #aj 9 #e mm4 ,m$ian pectoral %ield discoid1 radiate-ridg$2 muzzle %ort ,p4 nummif] ,m$ian pectoral %ield oval1 pitt$ & ridg$ ,p4 m>%ii xx4 ,abdom9al rods hair-l1 #ae or m 9 #e mm4 ,m$ian pectoral %ield ) radii f ! c5t]1 ! pr9cipal =m+ a cross2 =m wid] ,p4 v9*ellianus ,middle pectoral ) pits at ! c5t] & few or no radii2 =m n>r[ ,p4 pect9atus ,middle pectoral %ield n>r[1 closely reticulate m$ially1 & radiate t[>ds ! circumf]5ce2 size half t ( la/ ,p4 s]rula ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfh1 p4 #baf4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bj1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bff1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgg1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #g2 xxviii1 figs4 #b1 #c1 #f2 pl4 xxix1 fig4 #b2 pl4 xxx1 fig4 #b2 pl4 xxxv1 figs4 #a-c2 pl4 xli1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bd1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #c1 #aiji4 ,s*w>z1 ,beitrge zur ,paleontologie und ,geologie ,o/]rei*-,ung>ns und des ,ori5ts1 ,bd4 ,,xxi1 p4 #hc1 figs4 #bc1 #bd1 #bf1 #aijh4 ,type3 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :i* "o ( ! specim5s is ! type4 ,!re are num]\s repres5tatives ( ! species1 z foll[s3 ,nos4 #adj1 #ajif ,g1 #hcde ,g1 #heee ,g1 #ajhi ,g1 #b1 #acb1 #acc1 no numb]1 #ajid ,g1 #hede ,g1 #hfgg ,g1 #aaei ,g1 #aje1 no numb]1 #ajia ,g1 #g;a1 #ajib ,g1 #ajic ,g1 #ajie ,g1 #aec1 & o!rs unnumb]$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory2 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum are ! foll[+3 ,nos4 #ddeh1 #ddfc1 #ddfd1 #dead4 7,plate #bj1 fig4 #b47 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! mo/ abundant species ( ! ,l9ton ,coal ,measures4 ,!re are ov] ?ree doz5 specim5s pres]v$ 9 ! ,newb]ry collection4 ,! species is a cle>ly m>k$ "o1 z a rule1 ?\gh !re is great v>iation 9 ! size ( ! body & ! =m ( ! v]tebr4 ,?\gh !re are sev]al app>5tly complete skulls pres]v$ 9 ! collection1 x is impossible to make out ! morphology ( ! elem5ts on acc\nt ( ! am\nt ( cru%+ to :i* ! skulls h be5 subject$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,re/oration ( ,ptyonius4 #a4 ,! head is lancet-%ap$1 & ! muzzle v elongate1 sl5d]1 & acute at ! extremity4 ,! head is 9 fact a m9iature ( an i*?yosaur cranium4 7,plate #bj1 fig4 #b47 ,! orbits are l>ge & po/]ior to ! m$ian l9e4 ,! ant]ior portion ( ! skull is n>r[1 po/]iorly truncate1 & ! m&ibul> angle is project+4 ,! po/]ior portion ( ! m&ible is sculptur$4 ,possibly ! entire cranium 0 also1 & ?is has be5 lo/2 9 fact1 ?is sculptur+ is indicat$ 9 "o or two specim5s4 ,! tee? are conical & %>p1 longitud9ally /riate1 & anisodont4 ,!re seems to be evid5ce ( palat9e or pt]ygoid tee?1 ?\gh ?is ne$s confirmation4 ,! pectoral plates are well pres]v$1 ) ! int]clavicle a n>r[ oval1 ) ant]ior & po/]ior prolongations4 ,9 "o specim5 x is sculptur$4 ,! clavicles are n>r[ & slightly sculptur$4 ,! abdom9al scutell are bri/le-l4 ,! v]tebr are %ort1 ) exp&$ neural & hmal sp9es4 ,! exp&$ condition ( ! neural sp9es beg9s ov] ! ?oracic region1 :]e !y are l[4 ,!y become well develop$ 9 ! po/]ior dorsal region4 ,! caudal fan-%ap$ sp9es are l>g]4 ,! dilat$ portions =m equilat]al triangles :i* /& on mod]ately %ort p$icels4 ,!y are weakly ridg$1 & ea* ridge is prolong$ into a n>r[ acute too? beyond ! m>g91 #aa ( :i* may be c\nt$ on "o ( ! be/ pres]v$ sp9es4 ,! longitud9al /ri are t]m9at$ ne> ! p$icel by two o!rs :i* cross obliquely f ea* side1 &1 meet+1 pres5t ! appe>ance ( ! m>g9 ( a cup sculptur$ 9 relief1 f :i* ! /ri arise4 ,p$icels smoo?4 ,! sp9es are 9 contact at _! angles1 ?us =m+ a cont9u\s l9e4 ,9 a typical specim5 !re are #f 9 half an in*1 9 ano!r #g1 & 9 a ?ird #h4 ,! ribs are well-develop$ & sl5d]4 ,no traces ( =e limbs h be5 detect$ 9 ! num]\s specim5s1 b elem5ts ( h9d limbs are pres]v$4 ,9 "o ( ^! ! femur is a small bone1 contract$ at ! middle4 ,! =m ( ! body is snake-l4 ,!re 7 probably f #ge to #ajj v]tebr 9 a s+le animal4 ,! =m may be well comp>$ to ! mod]n ,amphiuma s f> z appe>ances are conc]n$2 /ructurally !y are widely sep>ate4 ,?is species is "o :i* is peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,l9ton fauna4 ,measurem5ts ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope4 ,nos4 #ajg & #ajid ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #acg ,l5g? ( skull #bf ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #h ,int]orbital wid? #c ,diamet] ( orbit #a4e ,v]tical expanse ( v]tebra #f ,wid? ( neural fan #b ,diamet] ( p$icel #a ,measurem5ts ( a small jaw1 ,no4 #heee ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum4 mm4 ,l5g? ( jaw #ae ,greate/ wid? #a4e ,l5g? ( too? #a ,measurem5ts ( specim5 ,no4 #ddch1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #fe ,l5g? ( skull #bb ,wid? ( skull #f ,ptyonius v9*ellianus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #agg1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgf1 pl4 xxviii1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species is repres5t$ by ! opposite halves ( a s+le specim51 :i* includes only ! cranium & ant]ior half ( ! body4 ,! fan-%ap$ neural sp9es comm5ce b a %ort di/ance beh9d ! l9e ( ! pectoral %ields4 ,!y are l[1 ) a few co>se ridges1 ! m>g9 be+ entire4 ,! abdom9al rods are delicate & hair-l4 ,! int]clavicle is oval1 ) a few radiat+ cre/s1 :i* orig9ate at ! c5t]2 9 ! areas beh9d !re are a few scatt]$ tub]cles4 ,! clavicles are ridg$ ne> ! m>g94 ,! cranium is lanceolate 9 =m1 & ! bones ( ! dorsum are m>k$ ) a few rais$ po9ts & ridges4 ,! species is ab\t ! size ( ,ptyonius pect9atus ,cope1 & diff]s1 app>5tly1 f t species 9 ! r insignificant "* ( a n>r[] int]clavicle & 9 ! ornam5tation ( ! same4 ,d$icat$ to ,pr(essor ,alex&] ,w9*ell1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan4 ,measurem5ts ( ,ptyonius v9*ellianus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( cranium #bj ,wid? ( same #h ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #d-b ,ptyonius m>%ii ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bd1 #ahfi 7,colo/eus m>%ii74 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cge1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #f2 pl4 xxviii1 fig4 #c1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xii1 p4 #agg1 #ahga4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #aaeg ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! head is elongate lanceolate4 ,! upp] surface ( ! frontal bones is punctate-rugose 9 relief1 ) %ort radii t[>d ! m>g94 ,! di/al two-?irds ( ! m&ible is n>r[ w$ge-%ap$2 ! ext]nal surface is co>sely pitt$4 ,!re are no tee? pres]v$4 ,! pectoral elem5ts are displac$1 b ! clavicles are subtriangul>1 & are /rongly ridg$ t[>d ! inn] m>g94 ,! int]clavicle is %ort spatulate1 ! n>r[ portion direct$ ant]iorly2 ! po/]ior r\nd$4 ,x is co>sely pitt$ m$ially1 & co>sely & /rongly radiate-ridg$ to ! m>g94 ,! abdom9al armature comm5ces imm$iately beh9d ! pectoral girdle4 ,x consi/s ( elongate1 n>r[1 subcyl9dric scales1 :i* meet on ! m$ian l9e1 conv]g+ ant]iorly4 ,small limbs are pres5t4 ,measurem5ts ( ,ptyonius m>%ii ,cope4 ,type specim53 mm4 ,l5g? ( fragm5t>y skull #g ,wid? ( skull z pres]v$ #e ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #fh ,wid? across pectoral plates #h ,wid? across belly #g ,specim5 ,no4 #ajih ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum3 ,l5g? ( specim5 #cb ,wid? ( specim5 #g #d scutes ( abdom9al armature 9 #a mm4 ,ptyonius nummif] ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cgd1 #cge1 pl4 xli1 figs4 #b & #c1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cef1 pl4 #fc1 fig4 #c1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hedf ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,no4 #hfad ,g1 same museum1 is associat$ ) ! type specim54 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,two well-pres]v$ individuals display peculi>ities :i* indicate specific di/9ctness f ! previ\sly kn[n species ( ,ptyonius4 ,! abdom9al rods are ( ! co>se type ( ^? ( ,p4 m>%ii4 ,! caudal fans are well develop$1 & n s wide z 9 ,p4 pect9atus4 ,! int]clavicle is a discoid body ( diff]5t =m f t ( ,p4 m>%ii & ,i c n detect ! clavicles4 ,! sculpture consi/s ( /rong ridges1 :i* radiate f ! c5t] to ne> ! bord]4 ,imm$iately 9 front ( ?is int]clavicle is ! head1 :i* has a diff]5t =m f t ( ! o!r kn[n species4 ,! int]orbital wid? is two-?irds ! long diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,! /ructure ( ! skull c n be made out4 ,a sl5d]1 elongate h9d limb is pres5t 9 ! second specim51 & a hum]us is well pres]v$ 9 ! type4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,ptyonius nummif] ,cope4 7,no4 #hedf ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,no4 #hfad ,g is associat$ 9 ! same species47 mm4 ,l5g? to beg9n+ ( caudal fans #fe ,l5g? ( head #ae ,l5g? f muzzle to orbits #f ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #g ,wid? ( int]clavicle #h ,wid? ( abdom9al armature #h ,l5g? ( a caudal fan #b4e ,l5g? ( femur #e ,proximal wid? ( femur #a4e ,ptyonius s]rula ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahga1 p4 #agg4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgi1 pl4 xxviii1 fig4 #e2 pl4 xxx1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfae ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! specim5s ( ?is species indicate t ! =m 0 only ab\t half ! size ( ,ptyonius pect9atus4 ,! int]clavicle is n>r[] & m reticulately sculptur$4 ,! tail is relatively long]4 ,abdom9al rods hair-l4 ,ribs di/9ct4 ,small limbs are pres5t 9 "o specim54 ,measurem5ts ( ,cope's ,type ( ,ptyonius s]rula4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #ie ,l5g? ( portion ( skull pres]v$ #c ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #d4e ,wid? ( int]clavicle #b ,l5g? ( clavicle #d ,wid? ( clavicle #a4e ,l5g? ( v]tebra #a ,wid? ( v]tebra f tip ( neural sp9e to tip ( hmal sp9e #d ,ano!r specim5 7#def ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory7 %[s "s ( ! same *>act]s4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ basis = ! support ( ?is species1 s f> z ,i c obs]ve4 ,! ones m5tion$ by ,cope are insuffici5t4 ,x is 9 all probability a mutant or v>iety ( ,ptyonius pect9atus4 ,g5us ,,/ocephalus ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #bah1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 #af4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfh1 #bag4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahga1 #da4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,survey ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #chj1 #ahge4 ,type3 /ocephalus remex ,cope4 ,=m sl5d] & snake-l2 caudal v]tebr ) elongat$1 dilat$1 sculptur$ neural & hmal sp9es4 ,cranium lanceolate4 ,tee? num]\s1 ( ne>ly equal size4 ,no pectoral %ields kn[n2 abdom5 protect$ by v num]\s bri/le-l rods1 :i* conv]ge =w>ds4 ,a pair ( weak po/]ior limbs2 bran*ihyal bones pres5t4 ,9 ! only well-pres]v$ species ! cranial bones exhibit no sculpture f ! p>ietal region =w>d4 ,! g5us is n v di/9ct f ,ptyonius1 b x c n be unit$ ) t g5us until m complete mat]ial is available4 ,! species ( ! g5us %>e ) ,c]at]peton1 ,urocordylus 7#ccd71 & ,ptyonius1 z well z ,crossotelos 7#ih71 f ! ,p]mian ( ,oklahoma1 ! elongation1 sculpture1 & expansion ( ! neural & hmal sp9es4 ,!re are b #b species1 :i* ,cope di/+ui%es by ! foll[+ *>act]s3 ,i4 ,v]tebr elongate2 fan-l caudal processes n>r[$4 ,size l>ge2 m&ibul> tee? ( unequal l5g?s1 ) ! apices turn$ backw>d /ocephalus remex ,,ii4 ,species only kn[n f cranial bones ) tee?4 ,tee? equal1 erect1 ) acute conic apices1 #aa 9 #e mm /ocephalus rectid5s /ocephalus remex ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bag1 #ahfh 7,sauropleura remex74 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bah1 #ahfh 7/ocephalus amphiumianus74 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #ag4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 vol4 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cha1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #e2 pl4 xxxi1 fig4 #a2 pl4 xxxii1 fig4 #a2 pl4 xxxiii1 fig4 #b2 pl4 xxxiv4 fig4 #d1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bg1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 undet]m9$4 ,! foll[+ specim5s are to be f\nd3 ,specim5s ( /ocephalus remex ,cope 9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,nos4 #deaa1 #ddfj1 #dd_/h4 ,!re is "o specim5 ( /ocephalus remex 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,specim5s ( ! species 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory3 ,nos4 #aba1 #hcbb ,g1 #hfid ,g1 no numb]1 #hfef ,g1 #hehc ,g1 #hfei ,g1 #ai1 #abj1 #hfee ,g1 #hffb ,g1 #hgjh ,g1 #hffe ,g1 #aab1 #hffc ,g1 #heha ,g1 #hfeh ,g1 #hffj ,g1 #hgjj ,g1 #hdfi ,g1 #aajb ,g1 #aaeb ,g #adb1 #hcha ,g1 & obv]se1 #ba1 #hffd ,g1 #hfgb ,g1 #heib ,g1 #hfhd ,g4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species is "o ( ! mo/ abundant ( ! ,l9ton ,amphibia4 ,cope bas$ 8 description ( ! species on #i specim5s4 ,!re are m ?an two doz5 available at ! pres5t "t1 ! majority ( !m be+ 9 ! possession ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,!re is a s+le specim5 9 ,walk] ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago & #c 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 ,! numb]s ( all ( ^! specim5s are giv5 above4 ,! mat]ial consi/s1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( fragm5t>y portions ( ! v]tebral column1 b !re are a few skulls m or less complete1 ?\gh none are suffici5tly well pres]v$ = a complete analysis ( ! *>act]s4 ,! specim5s indicate an animal slightly small] ?an ! mod]n ,amphiuma means ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,re/oration ( /ocephalus4 #a4 ,x w n be necess>y "h to ent] into a detail$ acc\nt ( ea* specim51 s9ce ?is has be5 done by ,cope1 & a c>eful comp>ison ( 8 descriptions ) ! orig9als indicates t 8 obs]vations are correct4 ,! species1 z sugge/$ 9 ! discussion ( ! g5us1 is n cle>ly di/9ct f ^? ( ,ptyonius1 & x has l>gely ! *>act]s ( t g5us4 ,! cranium is long1 sl5d]1 & w$ge-%ap$4 ,! tee? are num]\s bo? 9 ! maxill>y & 9 ! m&ible1 "o specim5 indicat+ ab\t #cj 9 a s+le s]ies4 ,!y are all uni=mly cyl9drical1 except at ! extremity1 :]e !y are flatt5$ & exp&$ s z to produce a longitud9al edge1 :i* is c>ri$ backw>d on a recurvature ( ! apex4 ,! bases are an*ylos$ equally & )\t enl>gem5t1 & no "p ( ! %aft is /riate or groov$4 ,! upp] surface ( ! cranium is n>r[1 ) ! m$ian suture di/9ct4 ,! skull surface1 ) t ( ! m&ible1 is smoo?4 ,*>act]i/ic ( ! species are ! rem>kable l5g? & sl5d]ness ( ! fan-%ap$ neural & hmal sp9es1 & ! abs5ce ( an acute s]ration on _! m>g9s4 ,9 ?is species ! sp9es h a lam9i=m expansion at ! base 9 _! plane4 ,"o specim5 exhibits ! pelvic region1 includ+ a portion ( ! tail4 ,! ilium has an exp&$ ant]ior extremity & is direct$ backw>ds & some:at inw>ds on ei!r side ( ! v]tebral column4 ,! femur is ne>ly /raight1 %ort1 contract$ m$ially1 & exp&$ di/ally4 ,! tibia is %ort] & is subcyl9drical4 ,b5ea? ! ilium ! la/ *evron ( ! abdom9al rods appe>s1 ! out] extremities ris+ on ! base ( ! tail4 ,! pectoral ar* is almo/ unkn[n1 & ,cope bas$ ! di/9ction ( ,ptyonius1 & /ocephalus on ! abs5ce ( ^! plates 9 ! latt] g5us an unc]ta9 *>act]ization4 ,! =e limbs are indicat$ by a hum]us4 ,!re 7 possibly f #ge to #ajj v]tebr 9 ! entire column4 ,! animal 0 exclusively adapt$ to life 9 ! wat] & 01 )\t d\bt1 an excell5t swimm]4 ,!re are pres]v$ 9 "o specim5 portions ( :at seem to be hyobran*ial elem5ts4 ,measurem5ts ( /ocephalus remex ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire caudal s]ies #aie ,wid? at n9? v]tebra #ba ,wid? at ?irty-six? v]tebra #b ,l5g? ( f\r phalanges 9 place #ad ,expanse ( fan ( proximal caudal #ah4e ,l5g? ( ilium #aa4e ,l5g? ( femur #aa4e ,l5g? ( tibia #g ,l5g? ( m&ibul> d5tal s]ies #bd ,dep? ( m&ible at middle #e ,n9e tee? 9 #e ,l5g? ( long] tee? #b ,l5g? ( fir/ hmal bran*ial #f ,l5g? ( six? v]tebra f skull #g ,wid? ( c5trum #c /ocephalus rectid5s ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #bfh1 ,apr41 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chf1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #c1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ijcc1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 collection ( ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species is indicat$ by a left d5t>y bone1 ) its tee? & ext]nal surface pres]v$4 ,! latt] is ne>ly smoo? & )\t sculpture4 ,! out] face is convex1 & ! g5]al =m is sl5d]1 b n curv$ upw>d at ! extremity4 ,! extremity ( ! d5t>y does n %[ any evid5ces ( tee?4 ,tee? /raight & conic1 apex acute1 non-plicat$4 ,cope also associat$ ) ?is species a portion ( a caudal s]ies1 consi/+ ( #be v]tebr4 ,! c5tra are elongate & exp&$ at ! extremities4 ,! neural ar*es h a close union4 ,! neural & hmal sp9es are fan-%ap$ & /riat$4 ,! bases are q n>r[4 ,measurem5ts ( /ocephalus rectid5s ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( d5t>y #bb ,l5g? ( too? l9e #ae4b ,dep? ( d5t>y at la/ too? #b4g ,l5g? ( #c c5tra ( ! caudal s]ies #h4f ,ext5t ( neural & hmal sp9es #h4g ,g5us ,,?yrsidium ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfe1 pl4 xxxi1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 ,e/abli%$ on a species :i* pres5ts its pr9cipal peculi>ities 9 ! /ructure ( ! v]tebr4 ,two specim5s pres5t inf]ior views ( ! sp9al column1 %[+ t ! g5us possesses1 l ,sir51 enl>g$ diapophyses1 b !y are peculi> 9 _! fan-l =m4 ,!y resemble slightly ! neural sp9es ( ! caudals ( ,ptyonius1 b are pres5t on ! dorsal v]tebr4 ,:e!r ! caudals ( ! pres5t species possess ornam5t$ neural sp9es ! specim5s d n indicate4 ,! abdom5 is protect$ by ! usual hair-l rods arrang$ en *evron1 ! angle direct$ =w>ds4 ,no indications ( limbs c be discov]$ on ! blocks4 ,)\t ! cranial bones ! aff9ities ( ?is g5us c n be det]m9$2 :ile x may be alli$ to ,cocyt9us1 ! v]tebr ( t =m are )\t peculi> diapophyses4 ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfe1 pl4 xxxi1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #heeb ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! be/ pres]v$ example ( ?is species includes #i v]tebr & ! correspond+ v5tral armature4 ,! c5tra1 se5 f bel[1 are mu* contract$ 9 _! =m1 pres5t+ an obtuse m$ian rib1 :i* exp&s to ! articul> extremities4 ,9 "o or two in/ances ! latt] are divid$ by fracture1 & ! mod]ately concave =m ( ! adjac5t surfaces is display$4 ,! diapophyses are ( complex =m1 b ! details are conceal$ by ! preval5t ?9 lay] ( coal :i* inve/s !m4 ,an inf]ior prom95ce runs p>allel to ! c5trum2 outside ( ?is ! process is obscurely trilobate & ?ick5$1 n flatt5$1 z 9 ! caudal v]tebr ( ,ptyonius4 ,sev]al ribs 7fig4 #h7 ( mod]ate ?ickness appe> by ! side ( ! diapophyses4 ,elev5 abdom9al ribs 9 #e mm4 ,! second specim5 0 orig9ally ref]r$ to /ocephalus remex1 z a po/]ior portion ( its v]tebral column1 imm$iately prec$+ ! caudal s]ies4 ,?is ref]5ce appe>s to be incorrect1 al?\gh ! resemblance betwe5 ! correspond+ p>ts 9 ! two g5]a is no d\bt consid]able1 & ! alt]native ( propos+ a new g5us & species 0 n at t "t advisable4 ,! neural sp9es are long] ?an high1 & are ne>ly 9 contact at _! m>g9s2 ea* is m>k$ by ab\t #e obtuse v]tical ribs4 ,a fractur$ section ( ! abdom9al sp9es 9 place display$ at lea/ six lay]s ( !m4 ,! mat]ial on :i* ! above acc\nt is bas$ is imp]fect4 ,! specim5 figur$ by ,cope 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 vol4 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pl4 xxxi1 fig4 #b1 #ahge7 is und\bt$ly a portion ( ! v]tebral column ( /ocephalus remex4 ,nos4 #ddfb & #ddhj ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum may be repres5tatives ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e1 b !y are m probably /ocephalus remex2 if !y are ! latt] ?is leaves ! type z ! only kn[n specim5 ( ! species4 ,measurem5ts ( ,type ( ,?yrsidium fascicul>e ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( portion ( v]tebral column pres]v$ #g ,wid? ( v5tral armature #ah ,l5g? ( a v]tebra #i ,wid? ( same v]tebra #d ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,molgophid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio ,,& ,,mazon ,,creek1 ,,ill9ois4 ,family ,,molgophid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #aeg1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #a1 p4 ,,ii1 #ahge4 ,type ( family3 ,molgophis4 ,body long1 s]p5t9e1 a few species app>5tly limbless1 ribless1 & ) abdom9al armature lack+4 ,v]tebr elongate1 neural & hmal sp9es %ort or abs5t4 ,ribs long1 heavy1 & broad4 ,! v]tebr seem to be> ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! family4 ,"o species has ! skeleton r$uc$ to a lanceolate skull & a /r+ ( ab\t #ej sl5d] v]tebr1 all ! re/ ( ! skeleton be+ abs5t4 ,! family is v poorly kn[n1 b 0 app>5tly ( wide di/ribution 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & conf9$ to ?is cont95t4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! gr\p are kn[n f ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 & ,ohio4 ,f\r g5]a are assign$ to ! family1 b future discov]ies w und\bt$ly dem& revision ( ! pres5t classification4 ,! g5]a are ,molgophis1 ,pleuroptyx1 ,phlege?ontia1 & ,erpetobra*ium4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( ^! g5]a are app>5t f ! descriptions ( ! v>i\s =ms4 ,! skeletons ( ! species are too incompletely kn[n to all[ ! e/abli%m5t ( a tabul> key to ! g5]a4 ,g5us ,,molgophis ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bbj1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bj1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfh1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bfc1 #ahgd4 ,type3 ,molgophis macrurus ,cope4 ,cope 7#abc7 gives ! foll[+3 ,! *>act]s ( ?is g5us are3 body long1 s]p5t9e1 )\t d]mal armature1 s f> z kn[n2 v]tebr long & broad1 ) v prom95t zygapophyses & mod]ate neural sp9es2 ribs l>ge1 curv$4 ,no limbs or cranium c be ascrib$ to ! type ( ! g5us4 ,! ribs are long1 & ?\gh ! head is n bifurcate1 !re appe>s to be bo? tub]cle & head on ! dilat$ extremity4 ,:]e cru%$ !y display a l>ge m$ian vacuity4 ,?is g5us diff]s f ,ophid]peton ,huxley 7#ccd7 9 ! *>act]s ( ! dorsal v]tebr1 :i*1 9 _! project+ zygapophyses1 resemble ^? ( ,amphiuma4 ,! lack ( v5tral armature di/+ui%es x f /ocephalus1 :ile its well-develop$ ribs sep>ate x f ,phlege?ontia4 ,molgophis macrurus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bbj1 #ahfh4 ,wyman1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 & ,arts1 p4 ,,ii1 fig4 #a1 #aheh 7ref]s to a batra*ian reptile74 ,cope4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bj1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bfc1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfh1 pl4 xliii1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfag ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 collection ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species is e/abli%$ by rema9s ( #b individuals1 "o embrac+ #af & ! o!r #ad v]tebr1 ) ribs4 ,! neural ar*es1 view$ f above1 h a ,v-%ap$ outl9e po/]iorly1 f ! fact t ! broad zygapophyses meet on ! m$ian l9e & spread out di/ally ov] ! broad ant]ior ones adjo9+4 ,! latt] appe> to be some:at concave & to bord] ! =m] ext]iorly z well z inf]iorly4 ,! base ( ! neural sp9e ext5ds to ! po/]ior em>g9ation1 b n q to ! ant]ior4 ,! bread? ( ! dorsal v]tebr above is equal f ! em>g9ation beh9d to ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! ant]ior zygapophyses4 ,! ribs are long = an amphibian1 b n long = a reptile4 ,!y are well curv$1 *iefly ne> ! proximal extremity4 ,! longe/ f\nd1 measur$ by a cord1 equals two & two-fif?s v]tebr4 ,^! v]tebr1 measur$ along ! m$ian l9e above1 equal #aa l9es2 "o ( ^! is #c4f l9es 9 wid? above4 ,?is animal has be51 l ,amphiuma1 a snake-l amphibian1 b 0 probably /ill l>g]4 ,h[ ne> ! aff9ities to ?is g5us may be c n n[ be det]m9$1 ow+ to ! want ( _m important p>ts ( ! skeleton1 b x diff]s 9 ! important feature ( l>ge1 well-develop$ ribs4 ,! size ( ! v]tebr w\ld indicate a body ( ! size ( ! common rattlesnake 7,crotalus horridus7 & too l>ge = ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi1 :i* is only kn[n f jaws4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,draw+ f ,cope's figure ( ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope1 #j4e ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfi1 pl4 xliv1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bg1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hcda ,g1 ,am]4 ,mus4 ( ,nat4 ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,repres5t$ by portions ( ! v]tebral column ( sev]al individuals4 ,"o ( ^! includes #i pairs ( ribs1 ) v]tebr1 & ano!r #ac pairs4 ,! v]tebr are subquadrate 9 section1 & ! concavity ( ! two articul> faces is n deep4 ,!y support /rong lat]al ridges sep>at$ by deep concavities4 ,! heads ( ! ribs are some:at contract$1 & ! %afts pres5t outw>d a tub]cul> angle at a di/ance ( "o-f\r? ! l5g? f ! head4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! %aft is /\t1 ne>ly /raight1 & gradually contracts to an obtuse extremity4 ,x possesses a n>r[ m$ull>y cavity4 ,9 none ( ! specim5s is !re any trace ( abdom9al armature1 b abundant rema9s ( ! cont5ts ( ! abdom9al cavity1 9 prop] position1 are pres]v$ on ! blocks4 ,?is species is m massive ?an ,molgophis macrurus1 & ! ribs are %ort]1 ?ick]1 & less curv$4 ,v5tral scutell are pres5t 9 "o specim5 ( ?is species4 ,!re are a numb] ( specim5s4 ,!y h ! foll[+ numb]s at ! ,am]ican ,museum3 #aeh1 #aajj ,g1 no numb]1 #hcda ,g 7type71 no numb]1 #hdff ,g2 & #ddgg 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,measurem5ts ( ,type ,specim5 ( ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( #g v]tebr #aje ,l5g? ( #a c5trum #af ,diamet] ( same v]tically #aa ,l5g? ( a rib on a curve #bd ,greate/ ?ickness ( same #b4e ,molgophis :eatleyi ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pp4 #cfi1 #cgj1 pl4 xlv1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,trans ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bfc1 #ahgd4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #aaja ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,a critical /udy ( ! type specim5 ( ?is species does n reveal any?+ ess5tially diff]5t f ! description ( ,cope4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f 8 report 7#abc73 ,e/abli%$ on a specim5 :i* exhibits ab\t tw5ty-five v]tebr ) ribs1 & ! po/]ior portion ( ! cranium4 ,no traces ( abdom9al scales or rods1 ?oracic %ields1 or limbs are visible4 ,by su* negative *>act]s x is ref]able to ! g5us ,molgophis1 al?\gh ! def9ition ( ?is g5us is incomplete4 ,! pres5t batra*ian may1 inde$1 be ultimately f\nd to be an ,ophid]peton1 to :i* x also be>s "s resemblance4 ,! specim5 is t ( an animal ( v mu* small] size ?an ! ,m4 macrurus4 ,! v]tebr are ( mod]ate l5g?1 ) a l[ neural sp9e1 & c5trum angul> at ! sides & truncate at ! articul> extremities :5 9 place4 ,! ribs are r %ort1 slightly curv$1 app>5tly holl[ & int]c5tral 9 position4 ,al?\gh ! v]tebral c5tra are ossifi$1 ! elem5ts ( ! cranium h a l>val appe>ance4 ,^! consi/ ( two p>allel bony plates1 :i* resemble ! fronto-p>ietal bones ( ! frog2 !y are slightly sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 b d n inclose a fontanelle4 ,a w$ge-%ap$ bone ext5ds f ! outside ( ! front ( ea* ( ^!1 acum9ate beh9d1 & wid5+ ant]iorly 9 ! position ( a po/frontal bone4 ,9 front ( ! po/]ior bord] ( ea* p>ietal1 on its out] side1 a bony enl>gem5t arises :i* contracts outw>d & =w>d into a n>r[ elem5t :i* curves =w>d b5ea? ! po/frontal4 ,^! look l an ant]iorly direct$ quadrate ) articul> bone1 su* z se5 9 ! l>v & "s adults ( exi/+ batra*ians4 ,^! det]m9ations w require confirmation f additional mat]ial4 ,9 ! meantime x is evid5t t ! pres5t specim5 c n be ref]r$ to any ( ! o!r species h]e9 describ$4 ,! elem5ts ( ! cranium are entirely smoo? ) no sign ( sculpture1 & 9 ?is respect ! pres5t species is unlike any ( ! o!r kn[n f ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,! v]tebr are n s cle>ly m>k$ z "o is l$ to believe f ,cope's figure4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,molgophis :eatleyi ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #fc ,l5g? ( portion ( skull pres]v$ #i ,po/]ior wid? ( same #h4e ,l5g? ( a v]tebra #a4e ,wid? ( a v]tebra #a4e ,l5g? ( a po/]ior rib #e ,wid? ( rib #e ,! species is d$icat$ to ,*>les ,m4 ,:eatley1 ( ,phnixville1 ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! orig9al inve/igators ( ! ,l9ton deposits4 ,x is a "p ( ! ,newb]ry ,collection4 ,additional mat]ial ( ?is species is repres5t$ by specim5s ,nos4 #g & #hfii ,g ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,!y are bo? v unsatisfactory4 ,!y consi/ ( molds ( ! v]tebral column1 ) 9 "o case an enl>gem5t at "o end :i* may repres5t ! head1 & if su*1 ! specim5 probably repres5ts a di/9ct species4 ,! impression1 ,no4 #g1 conta9s molds ( ab\t #cj v]tebr :i* are v simil> 9 =m to ^? exhibit$ by ! type ( ! species4 ,to ! v]tebr are articulat$ %ort1 curv$ ribs ( a sl5d] nature4 ,! v]tebr !mselves are %ort & some:at con/rict$ 9 ! middle4 ,! o!r impression1 #hfii ,g1 conta9s impressions ( ab\t #bj v]tebr1 app>5tly immature1 ?\gh "o c n be entirely sure z to ! nature ( ! /ructures4 ,!y are cov]$ ov] ) a ?9 lay] ( c>bonace\s mat]ial :i* is impossible to remove satisfactorily4 ,! two specim5s rem9d "o ( :at ,huxley has writt5 9 reg>d to ! =ms ( ,microsauria 7#ccd7 f ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&4 ,measurem5ts ( ,nos4 #g & #hfii ,g 7,molgophis :eatleyi74 mm4 ,l5g? ( ,no4 #g #hg ,l5g? ( head mold #ah ,po/]ior wid? ( head #f ,l5g? ( v]tebra #b ,l5g? ( rib #c ,l5g? ( specim5 ,no4 #hfii ,g #ec ,g5us ,,erpetobra*ium ,moodie1 #aiab4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cec1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s are app>5t 9 ! greatly elongat$ =e limb1 9 ! exceptionally broad scapula1 ! long radius & ulna1 :i* slightly exce$ ! hum]us 9 l5g?1 a "* hi!rto unkn[n among ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia4 ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cec-ced1 pl4 #b1 fig4 #b2 pl4 #h1 fig4 #c1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #gii 7#bbb71 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek %ales1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! scapula ( ! pres5t =m is exceptional 9 its %ape4 ,x resembles an asymmetrical pyramid1 ! ant]ior side ( ! l[] edge ( ! bone be+ contract$ s t ! ant]ior edge ( ! elem5t is arcuate4 ,its top is v ?9 & possibly t]m9at$ 9 a broad c>tilage4 ,! l[] end is ?ick & heavy & ! articul> surface is1 app>5tly1 well =m$1 ?\gh some:at obscur$4 ,! elem5t id5tifi$ z a clavicle is ly+ on its edge & has ! proportions ( ! clavicle ( ,mazon]peton co/atum4 ,! ext]ior edge is some:at r\nd$ & small4 ,a portion ( ano!r elem5t :i* ,i suppose to repres5t ! coracoid lies alongside ! hum]us1 al?\gh its =m is q obscur$4 7,plate #c1 fig4 #c47 ,! hum]us has a rem>kably well-=m$ head4 ,9 p]fection ( =mation x corresponds well ) t ( ! high] reptiles4 ,?is surface c ev5 be divid$ into an ant]ior & a po/]ior articulation4 ,! elem5t projects po/]iorly = ! di/ance ( #a mm4 f ! surface ( ! %aft4 ,! %aft imm$iately bel[ ! head is some:at flatt5$ & has an ovoid section4 ,fur!r on x becomes flatt5$1 a "p ( :i* is probably due to pressure dur+ fossilization4 ,! elem5ts ( ! =e>m are bo? pres]v$ & are approximately equal 9 size4 ,!y are rem>kable 9 t !y exce$ ! hum]us 9 l5g?1 al?\gh !y are n s heavy z t elem5t4 ,!y are greatly elongate & sl5d]1 ) ! middle ( ! %aft only mod]ately contract$4 ,! articul> surfaces are well =m$ & bo? bones 7 holl[1 z 0 also1 app>5tly1 ! hum]us4 ,! ulna may be repres5t$ by ! mo/ po/]ior ( ! two elem5ts1 ?\gh ! relations ( ! elem5ts may h be5 rev]s$ 7fig4 #ae1 ,d74 ,! base ( ! left w+ ( an or?opt]\s insect possibly alli$ to ,paolia gurleyi ,scudd] lies betwe5 ! radius & ulna4 ,! nodule also conta9s impressions ( plants1 a portion ( a frond ( a ,neuropt]is & ! impression ( "o ( ! ,cordaites4 ,ly+ next ! radius is a sl5d] elongate elem5t :i* may be a rib or a portion ( a metac>pal4 ,if a rib1 x indicates t ! animal belongs among ! ,bran*iosauria4 ,! fragm5t is only half z long z ! radius & is entirely too obscure to base any conclusions4 ,! o!r *>act]s ( ! specim5 po9t q /rongly to its microsaurian aff9ities4 ,! /ructure ( ! articul> surfaces ( ! limb bones alone w\ld indicate ! microsaurian relation%ip ( ,erpetobra*ium4 ,x may be provisionally associat$ 9 ! family ,molgophid ) su* =ms z ,molgophis brevico/atus ,cope1 ,molgophis 7,pleuroptyx7 clavatus ,cope1 & ,molgophis macrurus ,cope f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( scapula #ad ,di/al wid? #f ,proximal diamet] #c ,l5g? ( clavicle 787 #bd ,l5g? ( hum]us #be ,l5g? ( ulna #bd ,proximal wid? #d ,diamet] ( %aft #b ,di/al wid? #c ,l5g? ( radius #be ,proximal wid? #d ,diamet] ( %aft #c ,wid? ( di/al end #d ,g5us ,,pleuroptyx ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgj1 pl4 xlii1 fig4 #a2 pl4 xliv1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #af1 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bg1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,! specim5s on :i* ! species ( ?is g5us repose d n exhibit crania4 ,! #e1 probably #f1 specim5s :i* repres5t !m (f] v>i\s views ( ! v]tebral column1 & 9 none is !re any trace ( v5tral or ?oracic armature4 ,limbs c be ascrib$ to !m ) probability only4 ,! v]tebr are ( mod]ate l5g?1 ) well-develop$ zygapophyses1 & a %ort & n v elevat$ neural sp9e 9 ! dorsal region1 :i* is n sculptur$ 9 any way4 ,! g5]ic "* is se5 9 ! ribs4 ,^! are r %ort & v /\t & support an ala on ! po/]ior or convex bord]1 :i* exp&s d[nw>ds1 & !n sudd5ly contracts to ! %aft4 ,! extremity ( ! latt] is broad & truncate1 & includes a m$ull>y cavity1 :i* is only p>tially fitt$ ) cancellat$ tissue4 ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cgj1 pl4 xlii1 fig4 #a2 pl4 xliv1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #af4 #ahge4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bg1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfag ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! species ( ,pleuroptyx is t ( ! ,molgophis1 s f> z kn[n1 b no?+ resembl+ ! peculi> /ructure ( ! ribs is se5 9 any o!r4 ,!re is no assurance t ! g5us is di/9ct f ,molgophis4 ,p>ts ( two individuals express ! typical *>act]s ( ?is species1 :ile a ?ird only diff]s 9 be+ consid]ably small]4 ,a f\r? may v probably be ref]r$ "h1 & ano!r1 be>+ sev]al elem5ts ( a leg1 %\ld be mo/ likely associat$ ) ! la/ m5tion$4 ,! ribs are consid]ably n>r[$ ne> ! head1 & appe> to possess a l[ tub]cul> process "s di/ance bel[ x4 ,! %aft is curv$ ?r\gh\t2 ! lam9> expansion is q ?92 :ile ! di/al end is exp&$ & concave1 p]haps = ! atta*m5t ( c>tilage1 al?\gh no trace ( ?is rema9s on ! %ale4 ,! neural sp9es h %ort bases1 oblique ant]ior & ne>ly /raight po/]ior bord]s1 ) obtuse extremity4 ,i p]ceive no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! small] specim51 :i* is "o-?ird less ?an ! types4 ,! limb is appropriate 9 its proportions to ! pres5t species1 & may be describ$ 9 ?is place4 ,! fir/ segm5t is "o-?ird long] ?an ! second1 & has a transv]sely exp&$ head4 ,! %aft is /\t1 ! di/al extremity n exp&$ & concave4 ,! second segm5t is /\t1 m exp&$ proximally ?an di/ally1 ! proximal end truncate & slightly concave4 ,a bone1 mu* displac$1 lies ne> x1 & is probably ulna or radius2 x is z /\t z ! fir/1 ! end n exp&$4 ,( metat>sals !re are #b1 ?ree-fif?s ! l5g? ( ! second bone ( ! leg1 & ( phalanges #b1 ( #b digits ea*4 ,! proximal are ?ree-f\r?s ! l5g? ( ! metat>sals1 & indicate elongate toes4 ,! obv]se ( ! specim5 is pres]v$1 & conta9s no additional toes or phalanges4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,=elimb ( a memb] ( ! ,molgophid1 possibly ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 #j4ge4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebral c5trum #ad ,dep? ( a v]tebral c5trum #i ,dep? ( entire v]tebra #bb ,l5g? ( neural sp9e #h ,height ( a neural sp9e #f ,l5g? ( a rib on ! curve #db ,wid? ( a rib at ala #i ,wid? ( a rib at extremity #e ,l5g? ( fir/ segm5t ( leg #ch ,l5g? ( second segm5t ( leg #bd ,l5g? ( metapodial bone #aj ,l5g? ( fir/ phalanx #g ,hi!rto only two portions ( ! dorsal s]ies & a left limb h be5 assign$ to ?is species4 ,! pres5t specim5 7,no4 #ddgi1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus47 ?us proves ( int]e/ 9 det]m9+ t ! creature 0 long-tail$1 l /ocephalus1 ,ptyonius1 & ,phlege?ontia1 b unlike ! fir/ two g5]a ! neural & hmal sp9es are n elongate nor m>k$ ) radiat+ l9es4 ,! neural sp9es are indi/9ct & if develop$ at all 7 v l[ & %ort4 ,! c5tra are %ort1 cyl9drical1 & ?ick4 ,!y gradually decrease 9 size to :]e !y are lo/1 s9ce ! portion pres]v$ does n repres5t ! entire l5g? ( ! tail4 ,!re may h be5 #ae m v]tebr di/ally & #e m proximally1 ?us mak+ ab\t #ge caudal v]tebr1 z ,woodw>d 7#fcj7 has det]m9$ obta9s 9 ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley4 ,! ribs are cont9u\s ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! tail pres]v$ & h precisely ! same /ructure z is f\nd 9 ! dorsal region ) ! possible exception t ! po/]ior al> expansion is n s well develop$ 9 ! caudal ribs4 ,! ribs are decid$ly fan-%ap$ & articulate by a s+le head ) a %ort transv]se process4 ,!y are di/9ctly curv$ l all microsaurian ribs4 ,measurem5ts ( ,specim5 ( ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 7,no4 #deji1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures47 mm4 ,l5g? ( tail z pres]v$ #aje ,l5g? ( ant]ior v]tebra #a4e ,diamet] ( ant]ior v]tebra #a ,l5g? ( rib #e ,wid? ( rib #a ,! above-describ$ specim5 repres5ts :at ,i suppose to be ! po/]ior "p ( ! body ( ,pleuroptyx clavatus ,cope4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ribs & v]tebr are ! same4 ,! fragm5t is int]e/+1 s9ce x gives an insight into ! =m ( ! body1 :i* 0 sl5d]1 con=m+ ?us to o!r long-tail$ microsaurs4 ,l5g? ( specim51 #fe mm42 wid? ( specim51 #cj mm4 ,!re is /ill a ?ird example ( ?is species among ! collections belong+ to ! ,national ,museum 7,no4 #ddhd74 ,! specim5 includes a badly cru%$ po/]ior portion ( a skull & a s]ies ( ab\t #af cru%$ v]tebr1 ) sev]al pairs ( ribs & v5tral scutes4 ,v little c be said ( ! skull save t ! maxilla ( ! "r side 0 long & bore f #ae to #bj tee?1 ( :i* #i are pres]v$ m or less completely4 ,! m&ible is likewise cru%$ & "o c n det]m9e its elem5ts4 ,portions ( #b or #c tee? are pres]v$4 ,! =m ( ! m&ible is long & sl5d]4 ,! v5tral scutes are ( ! pectoral region4 ,!y are long1 sl5d]1 & ?read-l4 ,!y are n closely pack$1 b ,i c\nt #ab 9 a di/ance ( a millimet]4 ,s f> z c be det]m9$ ! v]tebr are ! same z has be5 describ$ = o!r specim5s4 ,!y are %ort & heavy4 ,! ribs %[1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! same *>act]s z ! type specim54 ,measurem5ts ( ,?ird ,specim5 7,no4 #ddhd1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus474 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #fj ,l5g? ( pres]v$ portion ( skull #ae ,l5g? ( too? #be ,po/]ior wid? ( m&ible #c ,l5g? ( ant]ior ,v]tebra #b ,l5g? ( rib #d ,wid? ( rib #a ,g5us ,,phlege?ontia ,cope1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #agg1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cff1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ g5]a ( ! pres5t s]ies4 ,x re/s *iefly on a s+le specim5 ( "o species1 :i* is n p]fect1 b :i* displays ! foll[+ *>act]s3 ,head elongate-triangul>2 body & tail extremely elongate1 ! dorsal v]tebr )\t ribs1 & ! caudals )\t dilat$ sp9es2 no v5tral armature nor limbs4 ,z a great portion ( ! l5g? is pres5t$1 & no v5tral rods or scales are visible1 & z ?is "* is confirm$ by a second specim51 x probably belongs to ! g5us4 ,! pectoral %ields are also want+ 9 ! specim51 b z !re is a consid]able vacuity beh9d ! skull ( ! specim51 x may be t ^! 7 lo/ ) o!r p>ts4 ,*evron bones are n obs]vable on ! caudal v]tebr4 ,?is =m is a true amphibian snake4 ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfg1 pl4 xliii1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,9 ! only specim5 ! dorsal v]tebr are mu* involv$ ant]iorly1 s t ! l5g? is n readily asc]ta9$4 ,!re is an outl9e ( a triangul> object :i* may repres5t ! skull ( ?is specim51 al?\gh x is s f> remov$ f ! v]tebr t !re is "s d\bt z to :e!r x belongs ) ! v]tebr or n4 ,inde$1 !re is ev5 d\bt :e!r x is a skull4 ,! v]tebr h longitud9al diapophysial keels1 & h a zigzag int]lock+ ( neural ar*es4 ,! latt] are di/9ctly turn$ outw>d4 ,! v]tebr are v num]\s1 & ! tail v att5uat$4 ,! numb] pres]v$ is ab\t #fj4 ,! total l5g? ( ! coils unw\nd is ab\t #bie mm41 or #aa coils 9 #h l9es2 b !re are int]ruptions n measur$ & confusions n unravel$4 ,?is is ! mo/ elongate & sl5d] ( all ! species ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia4 ,! v]tebr are app>5tly ribless & !re are no evid5ces ( limbs or pectoral plates4 ,x may be said t ! body consi/s entirely ( skull & v]tebr4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,phlege?ontia l9e>is ,cope4 ,entire l5g? ( skull 787 #ah mm4 ,wid? ( same #h mm4 ,l5g? ( v]tebral column z pres]v$ #bie mm4 ,l5g? ( s+le v]tebra #b4ej mm4 ,height ( v]tebra #a4ej mm4 ,e/imat$ l5g? ( body #ae 94 ,no4 #hcgj ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 %[s a few v]tebr4 ,phlege?ontia s]p5s ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfg1 pl4 #cb1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #aajb ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is amphibian is mu* l>g] ?an ! la/1 approa*+ ne>ly 9 its dim5sions ! ,molgophis macrurus4 ,x is repres5t$ by a s]ies ( #bb v]tebr1 :i*1 l ^? ( ,phlege?ontia l9e>is1 are devoid ( ribs1 abdom9al armature1 dilat$ neural sp9es1 etc4 ,! s]ies :5 complete mu/ h be5 v long1 z !re is little diff]5ce 9 size betwe5 ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ! #bb4 ,!y are m>g9ate =e & aft1 & mu* contract$ m$ially1 ow+ to ! transv]se expanse ( ! diapophyses4 ,!re may be1 inde$1 a diapophysial elem5t b5ea? ^!1 b1 if s1 ! two are indi/+ui%able4 ,!y are connect$ by longitud9al impressions1 indicat+ ! exi/5ce ( ! t5d9\s b&s 9 ! longitud9al muscles se5 9 ,amphiuma1 or ! osse\s spicules se5 9 ! same situation 9 birds4 ,! neural sp9es1 z indicat$ by _! n>r[ bases1 occupy ! l5g? ( ! neural ar*1 & rem9d "o ( ,amphiuma4 ,wid? ( "o ( ! v]tebr1 #c l9es4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,sauropleurid1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,sauropleurid ,hay1 #aijb4 ,hay1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 ,no4 #agi1 p4 #dai1 #aijb4 ,! pres5t family is an association ( relat$ =ms due to simil> /ructure ( v]tebr1 ribs1 v5tral scutellation1 & limbs4 ,!re is no "* 9 ! skull :i* w\ld indicate a sep>ation ( ! g5]a "h includ$1 at lea/ 9 ! light ( pres5t k4 ,! family may be *>act]iz$ z3 ,subaquatic or t]re/rial v]tebrates ) a typically amphibian developm5t ( ! v5tral armature2 ribs int]c5tral1 z 9 all memb]s ( ! ord]2 skull elongate & sl5d] or broad & obtuse2 cranial & d]mal elem5ts ( ! pectoral girdle sculptur$2 lat]al-l9e canals indicat$ 9 "o g5us1 ,saur]peton2 limbs well develop$1 ) well-develop$ digits & ungual phalanges claw-l2 body usually sl5d]1 broad 9 ,saur]peton2 ! ribs broad & heavy2 ! v]tebr relatively /\t2 v5tral armature highly develop$1 rea*+ ! height ( specialization among ! ,microsauria2 scutell consi/+ ( rods1 plates1 or /\t bri/les4 ,! family is repres5t$ by #e g5]a3 ,sauropleura1 ,saur]peton1 ,ct5]peton1 ,leptophractus1 & ,eury?orax1 ! association ( ! la/ two g5]a be+ provisional4 ,! g5]a may be di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,i4 ,pectoral elem5ts sculptur$1 clavicles triangul>1 int]clavicle diamond-%ap$1 v5tral scutell rods1 arrang$ en *evron ) ant]ior angle ,sauropleura ,,ii4 ,pectoral elem5ts slightly sculptur$1 cranium broad1 obtuse & sculptur$1 v5tral armature broad imbricat$ plates ext5d+ on to ! ?roat ,saur]peton ,,iii4 ,limbs1 skull1 ar*es & dorsal v]tebr unkn[n1 caudal v]tebr ) fan-%ap$ neural & hmal sp9es :i* may indicate relation%ip ) ,ptyonius & /ocephalus1 b 9 ^? g5]a ! v5tral armature is weakly develop$2 v5tral scutell curv$ rod-l plates arrang$ en *evron ) ant]ior angle1 m>k$ 9 abdom9al region by di/9ct r\nd$ pits ,ct5]peton ,,iv4 ,kn[n only f fragm5ts ( ! skull1 tee? l>ge & flut$2 association 9 family provisional ,leptophractus ,v4 ,kn[n only f a s+le int]clavicle ( peculi> =m :i* resembles t ( ,saur]peton2 association 9 ! family provisional ,eury?orax ,! memb]s ( ?is family are conf9$ to ! deposits ( ! ,coal ,measures at ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,ct5]peton1 & possibly ,sauropleura1 7 highly develop$ swimm]s1 b ! /r5g? ( ! limbs z exhibit$1 especially by ,sauropleura & ,saur]peton1 indicates t !y _h n entirely =sak5 ! l&4 ,g5us ,,sauropleura ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,newb]ry1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,,viii1 p4 #ih1 #ahef 7,pygopt]us scutellatus74 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #bb1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djb1 #ahge4 ,hay1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 ,no4 #agi1 p4 #dai1 #aijb4 ,type3 ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry4 ,v]tebra & ribs well develop$2 limbs #d1 r l>ge2 #e digits 9 ! =efoot2 c>pus c>tilag9\s4 ,v5tral armature ( closely arrang$ rhomboidal scuta1 arrang$ 9 l9es1 :i* are closely plac$ 9 *evrons1 ) ! angle ant]ior4 ,9 none ( ! species ( ?is g5us h ! usual #c ?oracic %ields 7clavicles & int]clavicles7 be5 obs]v$4 ,! abdom9al scut1 on ! o!r h&1 are mu* l ^? ( ,saur]peton1 be+1 h[ev]1 small]4 ,! species =m]ly describ$ by ,cope 9 ! g5us ,colo/eus are includ$ 9 ,sauropleura1 :]e !y f9d _! close/ allies4 ,!re are #g species belong+ 9 ?is g5us3 ,sauropleura digitata ,cope1 ,s4 newb]ryi ,cope1 ,s4 foveata ,cope 7,colo/eus71 ,s4 scutellata ,newb]ry 7,colo/eus7 7type ( g5us71 ,s4 pauciradiata ,cope 7,colo/eus71 ,s4 longid5tata ,moodie1 ,s4 en*odus ,cope 7,anisodexis74 ,! species describ$ by ,cope z ,sauropleura lati?orax is reg>d$ z belong+ to a di/9ct g5us1 ,saur]peton4 ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry4 ,newb]ry1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #ih1 #ahef 7,pygopt]us scutellatus74 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bae1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #bb1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djb1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hffi ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #ad1 fig4 #c47 ,?is species 0 fir/ describ$ by ,newb]ry z a fi% belong+ to ! g5us ,pygopt]us4 ,cope lat] plac$ x "u ! g5us ,colo/eus & cle>ly %[$ its amphibian *>act]s4 ,! g5us ,colo/eus 01 h[ev]1 bas$ on a misconception4 ,cope 9 #ahig & ,hay 7#cag7 ref]r$ ! species to ,sauropleura1 :]e x is reta9$4 ,! species is repres5t$ by a s+le individual pres]v$ on a block ( coal f ,l9ton1 & is also indicat$ by an int]clavicle & its obv]se2 ?is elem5t is ( l>g] size ?an t ( ! type & 0 ref]r$ by ,cope to ,colo/eus pauciradiatus4 ,! *>act]s ( ! plate are1 h[ev]1 s id5tical ) ^? ( ! int]clavicle 9 ! type specim5 t x is unhesitat+ly ref]r$ to ! pres5t =m4 ,! type specim5 consi/s ( ! sup]o-lat]al view ( a cru%$ cranium ) ! ant]ior "p ( ! body1 exhibit+ ! int]clavicle & ! v5tral scutellation4 ,no limbs h be5 obs]v$ 9 ?is species4 ,! m&ibles are cru%$ across ! cranium 9 su* a way z to obscure its /ructure4 ,! b\nd>y ( ! left orbit is d\btfully det]m9$ z be+ a little back ( ! m$ian l9e ( ! skull4 ,!re are small tee? pres5t on ! m&ibles1 b _! numb] c n be det]m9$4 ,! cranial elem5ts are sculptur$ ) radiat+ grooves & ridges1 b ^! are weakly develop$4 ,! sn\t is broad & b little n>r[] ?an ! base ( ! skull4 7,plate #ba1 fig4 #e47 ,! int]clavicle1 some:at displac$1 is ! only elem5t ( ! pectoral girdle pres]v$4 ,x is peculi> 9 ! possession ( a backw>d ext5sion :i* %[s a bevel$ edge4 ,! plate is ornam5t$ by radiat+ grooves & ridges :i* are /rongly develop$4 ,! l>g] specim5 ( an int]clavicle %[s ! same *>act]s z ! "o describ$1 & x diff]s only 9 be+ ab\t twice z l>ge4 ,!re are no traces ( limbs4 ,! v5tral armature ( ! body is r weak z comp>$ to t ( ,sauropleura pauciradiatus1 b x is /ill compos$ ( closely pack$ scutes arrang$ en *evron4 ,! "* ( ! v5tral armature & ! sculptur+ ( ! int]clavicle are tak5 z ! pr9cipal specific *>act]s4 ,f ! o!r species ( ! g5us ! pres5t =m diff]s 9 its m sl5d] elem5ts ( ! v5tral armor & 9 ! =m ( ! skull4 ,! ribs are n cle>ly def9$4 ,measurem5ts4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #gj ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #dj ,ant]ior wid? ( skull #bj ,l5g? ( jaw #ej ,ant]ior wid? ( jaw #g ,po/]ior wid? ( jaw #ab ,l5g? ( m&ibul> too? #a4e ,l5g? ( entire specim5 #aej ,wid? across belly1 maximum #dg ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #bg ,wid? ( int]clavicle #ac ,wid? across po/]ior ext5sion #d ,sauropleura digitata ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #baf1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #ae1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djc1 pl4 xxxvii1 fig4 #a1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hjjd ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #bj1 fig4 #d47 ,?is species is repres5t$ by a s+le individual :i* is q di/9ct f o!r memb]s ( ! g5us4 ,! specim5 has be5 spread ov] a surface ( ! coal1 & exhibits v5tral armature1 dorsal region ) ribs1 & ant]ior & po/]ior limbs4 ,skull & caudal region n pres5t4 ,! v5tral armature is arrang$ 9 p>allel l9es direct$ obliquely =w>ds & cont9u\s on ! m$ian l9e1 =m+ !re a *evron4 ,! individual elem5ts are oat-%ap$1 & acum9ate at bo? ends4 ,!y are mod]ately imbricate 9 an ant]o-po/]ior section4 ,on ! pectoral region betwe5 ! =e limbs ! s]ies ( scutell assume diff]5t directions1 =m+ *evrons direct$ backw>ds1 & =m+ ) ^? ( ! belly a complete ,x4 ,! hum]us1 ulna1 & radius are r /\t1 & ( a size relative to ! body1 z 9 common types ( exi/+ liz>ds2 ! ulna & radius sep>ate4 ,! c>pus is c>tilag9\s2 ! digits are #e well-develop$ f+]s hav+ phalanges 9 ! foll[+ numb]s1 comm5c+ on ! inside3 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #e4 ,! la/ phalanx ( ! second is obscur$1 & x is n positive t ! numb] is z giv52 x is m probable t x 0 #d ?an #c4 ,! out] toe 0 m sl5d] ?an ! o!rs2 ! di/al phalanges ( all ! toes are /\t1 z 9 mod]n ,caudata4 ,! ribs are long & curv$ z 9 reptiles1 & judg+ by _! di/ances ! v]tebr are %ort2 ! latt] are n well-def9$1 b !re is no indication ( prom95t sp9es ( any k9d4 ,! pelvic bones & portions ( ! h9d limbs are pres5t1 b s obscur$ & confus$ z n to be easily made out4 ,en\gh rema9s to %[ t ! h9d limbs 7 long] ?an ! =e4 ,?irte5 ribs on "o side & twelve on ! o!r are pres]v$1 ) %ort ribs 9 ! sacral region4 ,! specim5 is v indi/9ct & x is difficult = "o to be sure ( all ! *>act]s describ$ by ,cope4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,sauropleura digitata ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #aae ,greate/ wid? #hj ,diamet] ( v5tral scute 4#ge ,l5g? ( rib #ae ,wid? ( rib #a ,l5g? ( hum]us #bj ,l5g? ( radius #aj ,l5g? ( ulna #i ,l5g? ( metac>pal #d ,l5g? ( f\r? digit ( h& #bb ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #bj ,wid? ( int]clavicle #aa ,! int]clavicle is diamond-,%ap$1 ) surface punctate & edges radiately groov$ at a di/ance ( #a4e mm4 f ! edge4 ,! h& on ! "r side ( ! specim5 conta9s #c1 #c1 #c1 #f1 #c phalanges4 ,! v]tebr are all imp]fectly pres]v$4 ,o!r specim5s ( ?is species are #befg 7#dh71 #hcgf ,g1 #hgjd ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,sauropleura newb]ryi ,cope4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djd1 pl4 xxxvii1 figs4 #b & #c2 pl4 xli1 fig4 #e1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfab ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! type specim5 ( ! species exhibits a portion ( ! po/]ior "p ( ! skull1 a consid]able "p ( ! body1 ) ! =e limbs & abdom9al scutell4 ,no v]tebr c be def9itely discov]$ & ! ribs are n di/9ctly visible4 ,! cranial fragm5t is ! upp] surface ( ! tabul>e & adjac5t elem5ts1 & a broad b& ( ! po/]ior p>ts ( ^! is se5 to be smoo?1 & is prec$$ by a slightly r\gh5$ surface4 ,! abdom9al scut are diamond-%ap$1 & are ?9 & light1 n massive1 z 9 ,s4 scutellata1 & are sometimes m>k$ ) a m$ian longitud9al keel4 ,! =e limb is l>ge1 especially ! hum]us1 :i* is mu* dilat$ di/ally1 & has a /rong cre/ on ! out] side f ne> ! proximal end4 ,! ulna & radius are mu* %ort]1 & m dilat$ proximally ?an di/ally2 !y are well sep>at$4 ,no phalanges are pres]v$4 ,! species is repres5t$ by o!r specim5s1 all ( :i* are unsatisfactory 9 det]m9+ ! /ructure ( ! =m4 ,a skull1 app>5tly complete1 is cru%$ out flat1 s t little c be said ( /ructure4 ,! tee? are r long1 /raight1 acute1 & /riate at ! base4 ,! orbits are long & n>r[$ 9 front4 ,measurem5ts ( ,sauropleura newb]ryi ,cope4 7,no4 #hfab ,g1 & two unnumb]$ specim5s1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory47 mm4 ,l5g? ( hum]us #ce ,proximal wid? ( hum]us #h ,di/al wid? ( hum]us #ad ,l5g? ( ulna #ai ,proximal wid? ( ulna #h ,po/]ior wid? ( skull #fg ,wid? at ant]ior angle ( orbits #dj ,int]orbital space #ac ,wid? ( orbit #ac ,l5g? ( orbit #bg ,l5g? ( a maxill>y too? #d ,diamet] ( same at base #b ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bge1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djh1 pl4 xl1 figs4 #a-b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfga ,g1 & obv]se1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species 0 f\nd$ on a m$ian & a lat]al plate ( #b individuals4 ,! clavicle is "h associat$ ) ,s4 scutellata & ! int]clavicle ?us rema9s z ! type specim54 ,!re are o!r rema9s associat$ by ,cope ) ,s4 scutellata :i* are "h %[n to h clos] aff9ities ) ! ,s4 pauciradiata4 ,! clavicle is a "r-angl$ triangle1 ! inn] & ?9 edge concave po/]iorly1 ! po/]ior convex4 ,! ridges & grooves are well develop$ on ! specim54 ,! visc]al side ( ! elem5t is smoo?4 ,cope ref]r$ to ,s4 scutellata ! l>g] "p ( an individual ) /rongly develop$ v5tral scutellation4 ,?is he figur$ on plate ,,xxxvi1 fig4 #b 7#abc74 ,ev5 a cursory glance w1 h[ev]1 suffice to %[ t ! sculptur+ ( ! clavicle j describ$ & t exhibit$ by ! specim5 !re figur$ are id5tical4 ,clos] exam9ation %[s important diff]5ces betwe5 ! species1 ! pr9cipal di/9ctions be+ ! /rongly develop$ v5tral scutell 9 ,sauropleura scutellata1 ! diff]5ce 9 =m & sculpture ( ! int]clavicles1 & ! po/]ior ext5sion ( ! int]clavicle 9 ,s4 scutellata :i* is want+ 9 ,s4 pauciradiata4 ,! sculptur+ ( ! int]clavicle 9 ! =m figur$ by ,cope z ,s4 scutellata1 j ref]r$ to1 is id5tical ) ! sculpture ( ! clavicles1 z w\ld be expect$4 ,! ridges on all ( ! pectoral elem5ts ( ,s4 pauciradiata are /rong & are r few 9 numb]1 :ile 9 ,s4 scutellata ! sculptur+ is m 9 ! =m ( int]rupt$ grooves4 ,! specim5 7plate #ad1 fig4 #c7 exhibits ! great "p ( ! body ) "o =e limb4 ,! skull is want+4 ,! belly 0 v broad & /rongly protect$ by broad1 long scutes arrang$ en *evron4 ,! scutes are close toge!r & =m a compact v5tral armor = ! animal4 ,! =e limb is v weak4 ,! hum]us is repres5t$ by its di/al end only4 ,! radius & ulna are v %ort & weakly develop$ 9 comp>ison to ! size ( ! animal4 ,! limbs c\ld n h support$ ! animal on l& & s]v$1 probably1 m]ely z organs ( equilibration1 = ! animal 0 und\bt$ly aquatic4 ,! f+]s are n all pres]v$ & !re is no c>pus4 ,num]\s o!r rema9s =m]ly associat$ ) ,s4 scutellata are "h ref]r$ to ,s4 pauciradiata1 on acc\nt ( ! /rongly develop$ v5tral armor1 :i* is diff]5t f t ( ! type ( ,s4 scutellata4 ,! rema9s d n1 h[ev]1 add to our k ( ! anatomy ( ! =ms1 z !y are v fragm5t>y4 ,two skulls are provisionally associat$ ) ?is species4 ,"o ( ^! skulls is figur$ by ,cope 7#abc7 on plate ,,xxxiii1 fig4 #a4 ,x is !re ref]r$ to ,s4 scutellata4 ,t x c n1 h[ev]1 be ref]r$ to t species is manife/ :5 ! tee? are obs]v$4 ,9 ! type ( ,s4 scutellata ! tee? are v small1 %>p d5ticles1 :ile 9 ! skull "u discussion ! tee? are well develop$ & _! bases are longitud9ally groov$4 ,! tee? are elongate 9 ! ant]ior "p ( ! skull & are %ort] po/]iorly4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 all /rong4 ,! skull is acum9ate & ! orbit is locat$ ab\t midway ( its l5g?4 ,! jaw is slightly long] ?an ! cranium4 ,! /ructure ( ! cranium c n be det]m9$ 9 ei!r skull1 & 9 "o only ! position ( ! orbits & ! tee?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,a4 ,int]clavicle ( ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope4 #a4 7,aft] ,cope47 ,b4 ,left clavicle ( ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope4 #a4 7,aft] ,cope47 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,specim5s ( ,sauropleura pauciradiata ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( clavicle1 left #dc ,wid? ( clavicle #be ,space betwe5 ridges #b ,l>ge specim5 ,no4 #hfeg ,g & obv]se 7#ac7 describ$ u ,colo/eus scutellatus ,newb4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim51 z pres]v$ #aag ,wid? ( specim51 maximum #fa ,l5g? ( =e>m #i ,l5g? ( h& #aj ,l5g? ( metac>pus #e ,l5g? ( clavicle #d ,wid? ( clavicle #ah ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #dj ,wid? ( int]clavicle #bc ,wid? ( a v5tral scute #a4e ,l5g? ( scute f angle to end #ce ,skull ,no4 #hfff ,c1 plate xxiii1 fig4 #a 7,cope1 #abc71 ,colo/eus scutellatus4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull1 z pres]v$ #fe ,wid? ( skull #dj ,diamet] ( orbit #f ,l5g? ( m&ible #g ,wid? ( m&ible1 maximum #aj ,l5g? ( longe/ too? #e ,wid? ( too? at base #a4e ,skull ,nos4 #hfjb ,g & #hfjh ,g4 mm4 ,l5g? ( skull1 z pres]v$ #ej ,wid? ( skull #fj ,diamet] ( orbit #ae ,l5g? ( m&ibul> too? #d4e ,o!r specim5s associat$ ) ?is species3 ,nos4 #hffh ,g1 #hfgdf1 #heedj1 #hffa ,g4 ,all specim5s 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum & all f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,scutes ( ,sauropleura4 ,!re are f\nd associat$ ) ! rema9s ( ! g5us ,sauropleura a numb] ( heavy scutes or scales4 ,!re are ?ree ( !m on ! same block z ! specim5 ( ,s4 longid5tata & are provisionally ref]r$ to ! g5us4 ,!re are a numb] ( scutes pres]v$ sep>ately1 b !y agree 9 _! *>act]s ) ^? discov]$ on ! specim5s4 ,! scutes are elongate & usually acum9ate at "o end & hav+ a broad base at ! o!r4 ,! acum9ate end is slightly b5t to "o side s z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( a hook4 ,o!rs are %ield-%ap$ & are q l>ge1 :ile ! majority ( ! hook-%ap$ ones are small4 ,! %ield-%ap$ elem5ts h a r\nd$ boss ne> ! c5t] ( ! plate & ! edges are imbricat$4 ,_! nature & _! prop] location on ! animal are a puzzle4 ,!y may n belong to ! g5us1 b h be5 notic$ ) ! rema9s ( at lea/ #c species4 ,measurem5ts 79 ,millimet]s7 ( ,scutes ,associat$ ) ! ,specim5s ( ,sauropleura4 ,no4 #deac ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum3 ,l5g? #bg ,wid?1 maximum #ad ,wid?1 m9imum #c ,scutes associat$ ) ! specim5 ( ,sauropleura longid5tata3 ,wid? across base #c ,wid? across tip #a ,additional specim5s are3 ,nos4 #c1 #hfgc ,g & #hdgj ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,sauropleura longid5tata ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 #ag1 ,no4 ,i1 pp4 #gd-gf1 figs4 #ah1 #ai1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfai ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #bb #a4 ,type ( ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,portions ( maxilla & m&ible ( left side ) tee?4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,type ( ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ill9ois1 ne> ,danville4 ,c]vical ( an o!rwise unkn[n v]tebrate4 ,neural sp9e to ! "r4 ,orig9al 9 ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago #b4 #c4 ,amphibian phalanx f ! ,coal ,measures ne> ,breeze1 ,ill9ois1 ( an unkn[n species4 ,! probable =m ( ! elem5t is repres5t$4 #c4 #d4 ,l>ge rib ( a /]eospondyl\s /egocephalan o!rwise unkn[n4 ,! rib may repres5t a species ( ,macr]peton or may ev5 belong ) ,macr]peton deani ,moodie1 b exact id5tification w h to wait = future discov]ies4 ,f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #a4 #e4 ,type ( ,cope's species ,tuditanus mordax ref]r$ by him to ! cranium1 on acc\nt ( ! sculptur+ ( ! elem5ts4 ,we n[ "k ! specim5 to be portions ( ! int]clavicle & clavicles ( ,dic]atosaurus punctol9eatus1 z ,cope sugge/$ !y might be4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #a4 #f4 ,skull ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow5 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 #j4de4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,aft] ,ow54 ,?is species may be di/+ui%$ f o!r memb]s ( ! g5us by ! l>ge size & %ape ( ! cranium 7#dfb7 & ! broad m&ible 7plate #af1 figs4 #b1 #c7 ) its v long tee?4 ,! skull ( ,sauropleura digitata ,cope is n kn[n1 b ! body ( t animal z pres]v$ repres5ts f> too small a =m = ! skull to be ref]r$ to t species4 ,! skull is fully half z long z ! dorsal region ( ,s4 digitata ,cope1 s t an association ( ! rema9s w\ld be incongru\s4 ,x diff]s f ! skull ( ,s4 scutellata ,newb]ry 9 size & proportions4 ,! skull ( ,s4 scutellata is n>r[1 :ile 9 ,s4 longid5tata x is q broad4 ,! tee? ( ! latt] are also *>act]i/ic ( ! species1 s9ce 9 all o!r kn[n species ( ?is g5us 9 :i* ! skull is pres]v$ ! l>ge ant]ior too? is want+4 ,! bones ( ! skull %[ ! co>se sculptur+ ( ! l>g] species ( ,microsauria4 ,x consi/s m ( radiat+ grooves ?an ( pits4 ,! skull1 z re/or$ 7#dfb71 is broadly ovate1 ) ! po/]ior bord] truncate4 ,! muzzle is broad & ! no/rils are1 app>5tly1 locat$ ne> ! ant]ior m>g94 ,! po/]ior bord] ( ! orbits lies ne> ! m$ian transv]se l9e ( ! skull4 ,!y are circul> & are remov$ "s di/ance f ! m>g9 ( ! cranium4 ,only ! frontal & p>ietal c be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,! m&ible is heavy & is provid$ ) pleurodont1 het]odont tee?4 ,ne> ! ant]ior end ( ! m&ible !re is a v long fang-l too?1 longitud9ally /riat$ & slightly recurv$1 :i* arises f a broad base & atta9s to consid]able prom95ce4 ,! o!r tee? are small]1 ?\gh ! next succe$+ "o is /ill ( consid]able size4 ,all ( ! tee? pres]v$ are longitud9ally /riat$1 b only ! two ant]ior ones are recurv$ to any ext5t4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( ! skull 9 m$ian l9e #ge ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord]1 e/imat$ #hj ,wid? ( skull across orbits #fj ,wid? ( orbit #aj4f ,l5g? ( orbit #ab ,int]orbital space #af ,l5g? ( jaw1 z pres]v$ #dh ,wid? ( jaw1 maximum #af ,wid? ( jaw1 m9imum #e ,l5g? ( l>ge/ too? #aa ,wid? ( longe/ too? at base #d4e ,l5g? ( %orte/ too? #c ,wid? ( %orte/ too? at base #a ,sauropleura foveata ,cope4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 p4 #bd1 #ahfi4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #djf1 pl4 xxxvi1 fig4 ,i1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfgf ,g & obv]se ,no4 #hfge ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is species is repres5t$ by an int]clavicle & its impression1 :i* %[ a beautiful sculptur+ entirely di/9ct f t ( ! o!r species ( ?is g5us4 ,9 size x is int]m$iate betwe5 ! l>ge/ ( ! int]clavicles ( ,s4 scutellata & ,s4 pauciradiata4 ,! patt]n ( ! sculptur+ is1 h[ev]1 its ma9 di/9ction4 ,! plate is f9ely pitt$ & !re are few evid5ces ( grooves4 ,ne> ! po/]ior bord] ( ! plate ! pits become some:at def9$ by ridges :i* take on a radiat+ patt]n ) ! c5t] ( ! plate z ! c5t]4 ,! bevel$ m>g9s are rugose1 except at ! edges4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,specim5 ( ,sauropleura foveata ,cope4 mm4 ,m$ian l5g? ( int]clavicle #dc ,wid? ( int]clavicle1 maximum #bc ,sauropleura en*odus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #djf1 #ahhe 7,anisodexis74 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 7#ea7 #beeh1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,newb]ry ,collection4 ,horizon & locality3 ,discov]$ by ,sam ,hu/on at ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,an exam9ation ( ! type specim5 7plate #af1 fig4 #d7 ( ?is =m result$ 9 no new facts4 ,! ref]5ce ( ! species to ! ,p]mian g5us ,anisodexis by ,cope is probably incorrect4 ,our k ( ! two kn[n species ( ?is g5us is n suffici5t to sep>ate !m1 b = ! sake ( conv5i5ce ! ,l9ton species is plac$ 9 ! g5us ,sauropleura4 ,x is locat$ "h pr9cipally on acc\nt ( ! =m & /ructure ( ! tee?4 ,cope's orig9al description is giv5 bel[3 ,! g5]ic *>act]s are app>5t 9 ! v unequally siz$ tee? ) r\nd section4 ,! portion ^u :i* ! species is bas$ is a "p ( ! "r ramus ( ! m&ible1 :i* is 9 ! specim5 view$ f ! inn] side4 ,! jaw is obliquely & smoo?ly truncat$ f bel[1 = ! symphysis & surface ( ! bone is smoo?4 ,!re is a v l>ge too? ne> ! extremity ( ! d5t>y bone4 ,beh9d x is an int]val equal to ?ree times ! diamet] ( its base1 :i* is foll[$ by a too? ( ab\t "o-?ird ! l5g? ( ! fir/ too?4 ,po/]ior to ?is "o are two tee? ( ! same size z ! second1 all be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ab\t a too?'s diamet]4 ,^! are foll[$ by ?ree subequal tee? ( ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! fir/ too?1 & sep>at$ by ab\t _! own diamet] f ea* o!r4 ,!y are all p]fectly /raight1 v acute1 & )\t ! trace ( a cutt+-edge4 ,! inflection-grooves ext5d to or a little beyond ! middle ( ! l5g?4 ,! pres5t species is small] ?an ! type ( ,anisodexis imbrec>ius f ! ,texas ,p]mian1 to :i* g5us ,cope orig9ally ref]r$ ! pres5t species1 & ! apices ( ! tee? d n display ! opposite cutt+-edges se5 9 ! ,texas =m4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,specim54 mm4 ,l5g? ( jaw1 includ+ #g tee? #ca ,dep? ( ramus at second too? #aj ,l5g? ( fir/ too? #aj4e ,l5g? ( ?ird too? #c4e ,l5g? ( six? too? #g4e ,sk9 ( ,sauropleura ,sp4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 p4 #cee1 pl4 lx1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,! pres5t specim5 is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! pres5ce ( :at ,i take to be a portion ( ! sk91 :i* is pres]v$ z a smoo? mold ov] ! ribs & v5tral scutell4 ,! sk9 0 und\bt$ly t ( ! back1 s9ce ! creature is pres]v$ on its belly1 & is int]e/+ 9 n %[+ ! slighte/ trace ( scales or o!r h>d plates4 ,! v5tral scutell are *>act]i/ic ( ! species ( ! g5us ,sauropleura4 ,) "o species ( ?is g5us1 ,sauropleura scutellata ,newb]ry1 ! writ] has f\nd associat$ scutes ( "s size1 & ! same fact has be5 not$ by ,cope4 ,g5us ,,saur]peton ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #hj1 fig4 #bc1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope4 ,?is g5]ic "n is erect$ = ! reception ( a s+le species describ$ by ,cope 9 #ahig4 ,! "n is made necess>y by ! wide div]g5ce ( ! *>act]s exhibit$ by ! pres5t species f ^? ( ! species ( ! g5us 7,sauropleura7 to :i* ,cope 7#agf7 ref]r$ ?is species4 ,! =m is n a memb] ( ! g5us ,sauropleura1 = reasons giv5 bel[4 ,! species ( ! g5us ,sauropleura h a lanceolate head ) homodont d5tition or ne>ly s4 ,! orbits are locat$ well back 9 ! skull4 ,! =m ( ! body is elongate & sl5d] & ! limbs :]e kn[n are long & att5uat$4 ,! v5tral scutellation consi/s ( oat-%ap$ scutes arrang$ 9 a *evron s]ies4 ,! =m "h describ$ z ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope has ne>ly ! opposite ( all ( ^! *>act]s1 & x is incongru\s to locate ! =m "u ! =m] g5us4 ,! skull ( ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope is broad & heavy4 ,! tee? are het]odont4 ,! body is broad & /\t & ! limbs are ( unusually /rong proportions4 ,! "* ( ! v5tral armature is also ( a v diff]5t type4 ,9 ,saur]peton x consi/s ( v broad imbricat+ scutes :i* =m a s+le piece across ! abdom5 & are angulat$ to =m ! *evron patt]n :i* is s common among ! ,/egocephalia4 ,saur]peton lati?orax ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxvi1 p4 #hf1 pl4 iii1 fig4 #d1 #ahig4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #hj1 fig4 #bc1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ddga1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,collect$ by ,r4 ,d4 ,lacoe4 ,?is species is indicat$ by rema9s ( ! ant]ior half ( a l>ge amphibian 7plate #ag7 pres]v$ on a block ( bitum9\s coal f ! ,l9ton m9e4 ,! =m is unusual 9 ! proportions ( ! head & ! wid? ( ! ?oracic region4 ,9 ^! *>act]s x /&s alone among ! ,amphibia f ?is locality1 :]e ! =ms are = ! mo/ "p ( r sl5d] build & tap]+1 po9t$ head4 ,! skull is repres5t$ 9 a fairly complete condition & %[s ! usual /egocephalian arrangem5t ( ! skull elem5ts1 z well z ! sculptur+ ( ! bones1 :i* is simil> to t f\nd 9 o!r memb]s ( ! ,microsauria4 ,! skull is broadly r\nd$1 ) ! po/]ior bord] incis$1 ! broad tympanic not*es ?us r5d]+ ! %ape ( ! skull some:at l t ( ! bran*iosaurs4 ,! orbits are broad ovals & lie well =w>d 9 ! skull4 ,!y are sep>at$ by a space :i* is great] ?an ! greate/ diamet] ( ! orbit4 ,! p9eal =am5 lies well back & is cle>ly indicat$ z a circul> op5+ :i* lies 9 ! m$ian suture 9 ! po/]ior half ( ! p>ietals4 ,! no/rils seem to be elongate & h an oblique position1 z is repres5t$ 9 ! diagram 7fig4 #ce71 b ?is "* is n asc]ta9$ def9itely4 ,! bord]s ( ! premaxill & ! ant]ior suture ( ! nasal c n be det]m9$1 ?\gh !y may h _h "s su* arrangem5t z sugge/$4 ,! nasal is repres5t$1 s f> z is det]m9able1 by an oblong elem5t ly+ betwe5 ! frontal & ! ant]ior bord] ( ! skull4 ,! f r5tals are v l>ge & =m a portion ( ! inn] bord] ( ! orbit4 ,! p>ietal is probably ! l>ge/ bone 9 ! cranium & toge!r ! two elem5ts =m a l>ge quadrangul> space 9 ! po/]ior half ( ! skull4 ,!y inclose ! circul> p9eal =am54 ,! po/p>ietal is a small elem5t ly+ on ! po/]ior bord] ( ! skull & ) ! tabul>e & a "p ( ! supratemporal =ms ! projection4 ,! prefrontal is probably a small elem5t1 especially if ! lacrimal is pres5t4 ,!re seems to be an indication ( a suture sep>at+ ! lacrimal f ! prefrontal1 b ?is "* is n assur$4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! maxill are cle> ant]iorly4 ,!y indicate t ?is elem5t 0 elongate1 z is usual1 & impressions ( tee? borne on ! m&ible w\ld indicate ! probability t ! tee? 7 het]odont4 ,9 ! premaxill>y region !re is a long1 /rong too? pres]v$1 & on ! maxill>y ne> ! po/]ior extremity ( ?is bone !re are impressions ( tee? :i* are no m ?an "o-f\r? z l>ge z ! premaxill>y "o4 ,! bord]s ( ! jugal c n be asc]ta9$1 s9ce ! skull is injur$ on bo? sides 9 ?is region4 ,likewise ! quadratojugal is conjectural4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! po/frontal & ! po/orbital are cle>ly asc]ta9$4 ,!y toge!r =m ! entire po/]ior bord] ( ! orbit & s5d prolongations along ! lat]al bord]s ( ^! op5+s4 ,!y are bo? acum9ate po/]iorly & ^! po9ts are inclos$ by ! tabul>e & supratemporal = ! po/frontal & by ! squamosal & prosquamosal space = ! po/orbital4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! tabul>e %[ ?is elem5t to be q l>ge & ext5d+ =w>d into an acum9ation :i* is inclos$ by ! p>ietal & ! po/frontal4 ,! sutures b\nd+ ! squamosal h be5 obscur$ by injury 9 remov+ ! specim5 & are indet]m9able4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--,outl9e draw+ ( ! skull & skeleton1 z pres]v$1 ( ,saur]peton lati?orax 7,cope71 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #j4ge4 ,skull3 fr1 frontal2 j1 jugal2 mx1 maxilla2 n1 nasal2 no1 no/ril2 or1 orbit2 p>1 p>ietal2 p(1 po/frontal2 po1 po/orbital2 pp1 po/p>ietal2 pf1 prefrontal2 pmx1 premaxilla2 qj1 quadratojugal2 m1 m&ible2 spa1 supraorbital lat]al-l9e canal2 spt1 supratemporal2 sq1 squamosal2 tab1 tabul>e2 y1 p9eal =am54 ,skeleton3 cl1 clavicle3 c1 c>pus2 rb1 ribs2 h1 hum]us2 ic1 int]clavicle2 met1 metac>pals2 psc1 pectoral scutell2 r1 radius2 vs1 v5tral scutell2 u1 ulna4 ,! v]tebral column is repres5t$ by a ridge %[+ along ! m$ian plane ( ! specim54 ,its *>act]s c n be asc]ta9$4 ,!re are a few evid5ces ( ribs4 ,!y repres5t long1 sl5d]1 non-alate elem5ts1 _! mode ( articulation ) ! v]tebr be+ obscur$ by ! plate-l v5tral armature :i* cov]$ ! abdom5 ( ! animal4 ,! pectoral girdle is repres5t$ by ! rema9s ( ?ree elem5ts :i* are int]pret$ z be+ ! int]clavicle & ! two clavicles4 ,! int]clavicle is broad & is r\nd$ po/]iorly4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ! usual acum9ation po/]iorly4 ,! elem5t is ne>ly z wide z long4 ,!re is a prom95t longitud9al keel on ! v5tral surface ( ! int]clavicle & radiat+ l9es :i* may indicate ! c\rses ( blood-vessels or n]ves or may be ! ornam5tations ( ! elem5t1 probably ! latt]4 ,! clavicle has ! usual microsaurian =m4 ,x has ?ree po9ts & is truncate ext]iorly4 ,x is ornam5t$ ) radiat+ grooves ( a %all[ & n /rongly pron\nc$ "*4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ! co>se sculpture ( ! lat] =ms4 ,if ! scapula is repres5t$ x is m]ely by an indet]m9ate fragm5t insuffici5t = description4 ,! pectoral limbs are pres]v$ ne>ly entire4 ,! left =e limb lacks only a few phalangeal bones1 & ^! 7 pres]v$ ) ! rema9d] ( ! skeleton b 7 lo/ 9 ! m9+ process4 ,! hum]us is an extraord9>y elem5t on acc\nt ( its robu/ dim5sions4 ,x is v /\tly built & repres5ts a p[]ful limb4 ,x is exp&$ at ea* extremity & ! wid? ( its %aft is ab\t equal to "o-f\r? ( its l5g?4 ,! ulna & radius pres5t ! same *>act]s z ! hum]us1 i4e41 9 be+ robu/1 ) /\t %aft & exp&$ ends4 ,! ulna is slightly long] ?an ! radius & has an exp&$ upp] end4 ,! radius is %ort & does n h ! proximal expansion4 ,! c>pus 0 c>tilag9\s4 ,its position is repres5t$ by a blank space on ! coal4 ,!re are #d digits pres]v$ & 9 all probability ?is 0 ! entire numb]4 ,! metac>pals are elongate & exp&$ at ! extremities4 ,! fir/ & second digits are repres5t$ ne>ly complete4 ,! fir/ digit is extremely int]e/+ 9 ! possession ( a claw-l t]m9al phalanx :i* mu* resembles t ( "s liz>ds4 ,!re are #c phalanges 9 ! fir/ digit & #d 9 ! second4 ,! phalangeal =mula may h be5 #c-d-d84 ,! v5tral scutellation ( ?is species is ( an unusual "*4 ,x consi/s ( broad1 imbricat$ scutes :i* are 9 a s+le piece & :i* are arrang$ 9 ! usual *evron patt]n4 ,! scutes 71 app>5tly1 broade/ 9 ! middle & tap]$ some:at at ! extremities4 ,?is "* alone is suffici5t = sep>at+ ! g5us f t ( any o!r kn[n =m4 ,! g5us f9ds its ne>e/ allies 9 ! =ms ( ! species ( ! g5us ,sauropleura1 9 :i* ,cope =m]ly locat$ ! pres5t species4 ,! skull ( ! =m describ$ z ,tuditanus radiatus ,cope is q simil> to ! pres5t =m1 bo? 9 ! sculptur+ & arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts4 ,! *>act]s :]e9 ! pres5t =m resembles ! species ( ,sauropleura are ! possession ( broad pectoral plates & /rong1 digitate limbs4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! body & skull is diff]5t 9 ! two gr\ps4 ,x is sl5d] 9 ,sauropleura & decid$ly /\t1 %ort1 & heavy 9 ,saur]peton4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #acj ,m$ian l5g? ( skull #ea ,wid? ( skull at po/]ior bord] #fb ,wid? ( skull across orbits #dh ,l5g? ( orbit #ad ,wid? ( orbit #aj ,int]orbital space #af ,l5g? ( longe/ too? pres]ve #ad ,l5g? ( %orte/ too? pres]v$ #a ,l5g? ( ! int]clavicle #bf ,wid? ( int]clavicle1 maximum #bc ,l5g? ( clavicle #bb ,wid? ( clavicle #ah ,l5g? ( abdom9al scutes #bh ,l5g? ( hum]us #ai ,wid? ( hum]us at upp] end #f4e ,l5g? ( ulna #aa ,l5g? ( radius #i ,l5g? ( metac>pal #c ,l5g? ( fir/ digit #ab ,l5g? ( t]m9al phalanx #c4e ,l5g? ( l[] jaw on ! curve #gj ,wid? ( l[] jaw1 maximum #h ,l5g? ( rib #cj ,g5us ,,ct5]peton ,cope1 #ahig4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxvi1 p4 #hc1 pl4 iii1 fig4 #a1 #ahig4 ,type3 ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope4 ,! g5us ,ct5]peton 0 f\nd$ by ,cope = ! reception ( a s+le species :i* pres5ts "s v unusual *>act]s4 ,! =m %[s close relation%ips to ! g5]a ,urocordylus 7#ccd71 /ocephalus1 & ,ptyonius4 ,^! g5]a agree ) ! pres5t "o 9 ! possession ( v *>act]i/ic v]tebr :i* are signaliz$ by ! elongate & ornam5t$ *>act]s ( ! neural & hmal sp9es4 ,^! project prom95tly f ! body ( ! v]tebra & h ! ends ( ! projections truncate & divid$ into f9e po9ts1 ?us caus+ ! sp9e to h mu* ! appe>ance ( a comb4 ,! surface ( ! neural sp9e is sometimes m>k$ ) a %all[ groove4 ,! sp9es are long] & m sl5d] 9 ! g5]a /ocephalus1 ,urocordylus1 & ,ct5]peton ?an !y are 9 ! species ( ! g5us ,ptyonius1 :]e !y are %ort1 al?\gh ! usual pect9ations are pres5t4 ,! "* on :i* ?is g5us re/s is ! %elf-l ext5sion 7plate #bc1 fig4 #b7 ( ! abdom9al plates4 ,?is is ( a v unusual "* & entirely unkn[n 9 any o!r species ( ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia4 ,! t]m ,ct5]peton has ref]5ce to ! fact t ! ends ( ^! %elf-l plates project 9 a pect9ation along ! side ( ! abdom54 ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxvi1 p4 #hc1 pl4 iii1 fig4 #a1 #ahig4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 p4 #bd1 pl4 #aj1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ddge1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum1 ,lacoe ,collection4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species re/s on a s+le specim5 7plate #ai7 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 & is pres]v$ on a block ( bitum9\s coal4 ,x is 9 a v good /ate ( pres]vation4 ,!re are pres5t on ! block ( coal a "p ( ! "r =e limb1 ! great] "p ( ! dorsal portion ( ! animal1 & ! ant]ior "p ( ! tail4 ,!re are no evid5ces ( h9d limbs1 al?\gh ?is may n be tak5 z evid5ce t !y 7 n pres5t on ! animal4 ,no ?oracic plates h be5 obs]v$4 ,! *evron armature is pres5t beyond ! cloacal region1 b !re are no evid5ces ( ! specializ$ clasp+ organs :i* are app>5tly develop$ f ! abdom9al armature 9 "s =ms 7#bea74 ,ea* d]mosse\s rod ( ! abdom9al scutellation consi/s ( ?ree pieces a m$ian angulat$ portion & ! two lat]al p>ts :i* =m ! %elf-l projection along ! side ( ! abdom5 7plate #bc1 fig4 #b74 ,! m>g9al *evron diff]s 9 =m f ! o!r plate1 aside f ! fact t x is n angulat$4 ,! lat]al %elf is compos$ ( flatt5$ plates :i* articulate ) ! m$ian piece1 & at ! place ( articulation !re is a ridge pres5t 9 ! specim54 ,! ext]ior plates are curv$ backw>ds & are some:at att5uat$ di/ally4 ,!y are broad] ?an ! m$ian piece & diff] also 9 ! abs5ce ( ! *>act]i/ic alveoli4 ,! m$ian plate is angulat$ & is ( m sl5d] proportions ?an ! lat]al pieces4 ,its v5tral surface is ornam5t$ ) a s+le r[ ( closely plac$ alveoli :i* resemble 9 a great degree ! alveoli ( ! jaw ( "s small animal4 ,! v5tral scutellation is broad ant]iorly1 b becomes m sl5d] po/]iorly & %ortly po/]ior to ! cloacal region disappe>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #bc #a4 ,left leg & pelvis ( ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #a4g4 ,orig9al ! prop]ty ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,geology ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 cc5trale2 ,ffibula2 fifibul>e2 ,fefemur2 iint]m$ium2 ,ililium2 ,ttibia2 t1 #a-e;di/al t>salia2 titibiale2 ,vcaudal v]tebr2 ,i-,vdigits4 #b4 ,v5tral scutell ( ,ct5]peton alveolatum ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 #c4e4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,! =e limb is repres5t$ by ! upp] portions ( ! ulna & radius & #b digits ( ! "r h&4 ,! digits are long & sl5d] & seem to repres5t digits ,i & ,,ii1 s9ce !y %[ evid5ces ( #c & #d phalanges respectively4 ,! portions ( ! =e>m pres]v$ are too meag] = description4 ,! v]tebr h already be5 *>act]iz$ z ( ! type fir/ describ$ 9 ,urocordylus4 ,! neural fans are n mu*1 if any1 wid] ?an ! hmal fans4 ,!y are bo? situat$ on an elongate sp9e ) a sl5d] base4 ,! edges ( ! two fans are pect9at$ & ! dorsal sp9e is di/+ui%$ by ! pres5ce ( a longitud9al groove 9 ! c5t] ( ! sp9e4 ,! l5g? ( ! tail may h be5 consid]able1 judg+ f ! "* ( ! v]tebr pres]v$ ,measurem5ts4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #aej ,wid? ( belly1 maximum #bh ,l5g? ( lat]al *evron plate #g ,wid? ( lat]al *evron plate #a4ge ,l5g? f tip ( lat]al *evron to m$ian angle #aj ,l5g? ( a caudal v]tebra #aj ,wid? ( ! same v]tebra ) sp9es #bj ,height ( neural sp9e #h ,height ( hmal sp9e #h ,wid? at di/al end ( hmal sp9e #c ,wid? at di/al end ( neural sp9e #c4e ,l5g? ( foot1 z pres]v$ #ab ,g5us ,,leptophractus ,cope1 #ahgc4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #cdj1 #ahgc4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cii1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xx1 p4 #dfa1 #ahhb4 ,type3 ,leptophractus obsoletus ,cope4 ,! g5us 0 e/abli%$ on v>i\s p>ts ( ! cranium ( a l>ge amphibian4 ,! only p>ts :i* c ) c]ta9ty be ref]r$ to ! g5us are ! upp] & l[] jaws ( #c specim5s4 ,^! be> l>ge tee?1 r\nd 9 section at ! base1 b ) acute compress$ apex1 ) a cutt+-edge on ! ant]ior face2 ! enamel is delicately groov$1 z an ext]nal indication ( ! labyr9?ic /ructure4 ,a *>act]i/ic feature is se5 9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge elongate too? 9 ! upp] jaw1 9 ! position ( a can9e :i* mu* exce$s 9 l5g? any ( ! o!rs4 ,! sculpture ( ! cranium is b little m>k$ 9 ! kn[n specim5s4 ,9 ! type ! l[] jaw is m>k$ ) inosculat+ grooves4 ,?ree species are kn[n1 :i* are among ! l>ge/ ( ! ,l9ton ,amphibia4 ,leptophractus obsoletus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #cdj1 #ahgc4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cii1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xx1 p4 #dfa1 #ahhb4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,nos4 #ee ,g & #eg ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! species 0 ab\t z l>ge z an adult ,florida alligator1 & probably exce$$ or at lea/ equal$ 9 size any ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is tak5 directly f ,pr(essor ,cope's ,batra*ia ( ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures 7#abc74 ,! description has be5 v]ifi$ f an exam9ation ( ! type mat]ial4 ,! tee? are r di/antly groov$ = "s di/ance above ! base4 ,!y are ( diff]5t sizes2 ! small] are compress$1 & ) =e & aft cutt+ edges4 ,! ext]nal surface ( ! d5t>y bone is m>k$ ) %ort oblique grooves along its middle region2 above ^! are grooves :i* inosculate1 =m+ a figure l an op5 net dragg$ 9 ! long direction4 ,except+ ! grooves ! tee? are smoo?4 ,! small] ones are close toge!r & _! cr[ns are curv$ backw>ds2 ! l>g] ones are at m remote int]vals2 bo? h enl>g$ bases4 ,:e!r bo? =ms are 9 ! same s]ies ,i c n det]m9e4 ,!re are f f\r to five ( ! small] to an in*4 ,measurem5ts ( ,type ( ,leptophractus obsoletus ,cope4 mm4 ,dep? ( fragm5t ( jaw #ge ,l5g? ( small] tee? #ai ,l5g? ( long] too? #bc ,wid? ( v]tex at middle scuta #agf ,wid? ( pair$ m$ian scuta #ef ,wid? ( s+le scute #cf ,l5g? ( s+le scute #dh ,"s v]tebr 7 f\nd at ! same locality1 b !re is no evid5ce z to ! species to :i* !y may h p]ta9$4 ,!y are %ort1 concave on "o end1 & probably s on ! o!r4 ,! c5trum ( "o is #ab mm4 9 diamet]2 neural sp9es injur$4 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 pl4 #ci1 fig4 #c47 ,a ?ird & l>g] specim5 0 f\nd by ,pr(essor ,newb]ry dur+ ! field season ( #ahgd4 ,x includes an oblique view ( "o side1 & ! top ( ! cranium f ! po/]ior "p ( ! orbits to ! end ( ! muzzle1 ) ! correspond+ "p ( ! alveol> region ( ! d5t>y bone1 ) tee?4 ,! bones ( ! skull appe> to h be5 r light1 & ?\gh ! surface is irregul>1 ! sculpture consi/s only ( %all[ impressions ( v>y+ size & int]vals4 ,! orbits are also badly def9$1 b appe> to h be5 l>ge1 & sep>at$ by a n>r[ frontal bone4 ,! premaxill>y bone is pres]v$1 & %[s cle>ly ! sutures t sep>ate x f its fell[ & f ! maxill>y4 ,a l>ge =am5--p]haps ! no/ril--sep>ates x f ! maxill>y1 s t x =ms an irregul> cresc5t4 ,x supports two tee?1 ( :i* ! ant]ior is ! l>g]1 b !re 7 p]haps o!rs 9 advance1 z ! alveol> bord] is imp]fect t[>ds ! end ( ! muzzle4 ,! ant]ior two tee? ( ! maxill>y bone are foll[$ by a /rong groove :i* rises t[>ds ! sides ( ! muzzle4 ,at fir/ sight ?is gives ! impression ( ! maxillo-premaxill>y suture1 & makes x appe> t bo? ! premaxill>y bones are pres]v$1 & t ! =am5 above describ$ sep>ates ! premaxill>y sp9es1 in/ead ( repres5t+ ! no/ril4 ,! cutt+ edges ( ! tee? ( ^! bones h1 h[ev]1 "o direction1 :5ce !y repres5t "o side ( ! cranium only2 7 bo? sides repres5t$1 ! directions ( ! too? axes w\ld be rev]s$4 ,! premaxill>y & maxill>y tee? exhibit a cutt+ edge on ! out] po/]ior m>g9 ( ! di/al half2 ! base ( ! cr[n is subr\nd 9 section4 ,! l9e-l grooves are di/9ct b n num]\s1 _! int]vals measur+ #ge mm4 ,beyond !m ! enamel is smoo?4 ,! second maxill>y too? is l>g] ?an ! fir/1 :i* is equal to ! la/ premaxill>y4 ,! ?ird & f\r? maxill>ies are equal to ! second1 b ! fif? is l>g] & long]1 exce$+ all ! o!rs4 ,! tee? ( ! d5t>y bone diff] f ^? ( ! upp] jaw 9 hav+ ! cutt+ edge ( ! cr[n on ! ant]ior aspect1 :ile ! po/]ior bord] is obtuse4 ,!re is an obtuse cutt+ edge on ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! ant]ior m&ibul> tee?4 ,?is description is d]iv$ f an adult animal1 z ! maxill>y tee? 9 "s in/ances are p>tially worn away by friction on _! ant]ior & out] faces4 ,measurem5ts4 mm4 ,l5g? ( maxill>y bone pres]v$ #adf ,l5g? ( same support+ five tee? #gc ,l5g? ( fir/ maxill>y too? #ae ,diamet] ( same at base #f ,diamet] ( second at base #h ,l5g? ( basis ( fifte5 tee? ( ! d5t>y #ade ,leptophractus d5tatus new species4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ajhej1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,m&ible ( ,leptophractus d5tatus new species1 f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! type is a s+le "r m&ible1 ne>ly entire1 ( a r l>ge animal4 ,! specific *>act]s = ! sep>ation ( ! new =m f ! previ\sly describ$ ,l4 obsoletus & ,l4 l9eolatus are ! small] size & sl5d]ness ( ! m&ible1 associat$ ) uni=m tee?1 :i* are sl5d] & delicately flut$4 ,!re are #ag tee? pres]v$1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* is #h mm4 9 l5g?4 ,f ! po/]ior too? ! s]ies gradually desc5ds to half ?is l5g? #j4e in* f ! ant]ior end ( ! m&ible4 ,! exact =m ( ! m&ible c n be det]m9$1 b s f> z c be se5 x is v sl5d]1 com+ almo/ to a po9t at ! ant]ior end4 ,! po/]ior portion is wide1 b app>5tly n v heavy4 ,!re is a fragm5t associat$ ) ! specim5 :i* discloses a few tee?1 b its position 9 ! cranium c n be det]m9$4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,leptophractus d5tatus ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( m&ible1 z pres]v$ #hj ,ant]ior wid? ( m&ible #c ,po/]ior wid? #bh ,l5g? ( mo/ ant]ior too? #d ,l5g? ( t5? po/]ior too? #g ,wid? ( ?is too? at base #c ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 p4 #egf1 #ahgg4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ajhh ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #bb1 fig4 #a47 ,cope's description ( ?is species1 to :i* ,i h no?+ to add1 is z foll[s3 ,?is species is bas$ on portions ( ! skull ( two individuals ( l>ge size4 ,bo? upp] & l[] jaw ) tee? are repres5t$ & ! tee? are ( v l>ge size4 ,! deepe/ elem5t pres]v$ has be5 provisionally ref]r$ to ! m&ible & w be s describ$4 ,?is elem5t be>s two types ( tee? 9 v het]odont fa%ion4 ,! tee? 9 ! back portion ( ! jaw are r %ort & sl5d]4 ,! tee? m ant]iorly are1 "s ( !m1 v long1 r /\t1 ) _! bases longitud9ally flut$1 z are !y all v ,! longe/ too? 9 ! jaw measures slightly less ?an an in*4 ,! bone is n well pres]v$1 b seems to h be5 ornam5t$ ) grooves ( no great dep?4 ,! mo/ ant]ior tee? ( ! jaw are small] ?an ! po/]ior ones4 ,! upp] jaw is set ) tee? :i* are m uni=m 9 size & !re is b little t5d5cy to het]odonty4 ,^! tee? are also /riat$ at _! base & all end 9 a %>p po9t4 ,!y are all1 app>5tly1 /raight4 ,!re is no t5d5cy to curve z !re is 9 ! g5us ,macr]peton4 ,! upp] tee? are m closely set ?an are ^? ( ! l[] jaw1 :i* are r di/antly plac$4 ,ano!r specim5 ( a small] individual pres5ts ! same portions ( ! skeleton & ! same *>act]s4 ,x is possible t ?is skull w be f\nd to belong to ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope1 :i* is bas$ on v l>ge v]tebr & limb bones4 ,! rema9s describ$ z ,leptophractus l9eolatus are1 h[ev]1 unlike any o!r skull rema9s :i* are ?us f> kn[n4 ,?is species repres5ts "o ( ! l>ge/ types ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia ( ,ohio4 ,x probably atta9$ a l5g? ( sev]al feet4 ,x 0 also ! mo/ c>nivor\s ( any ( ! =ms4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,specim5 ( ,leptophractus l9eolatus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim51 z pres]v$ #ih ,dep? ( d5t>y bone at ! middle #cj ,ant]opo/]ior diamet] ( m&ibul> too? at base #c4e ,l5g? ( a po/]ior m&ibul> too? #i ,l5g? ( longe/ too? 9 jaw #bb ,ant]opo/]ior diamet] ( ! same at base #f ,l5g? ( small maxill>y too? #g ,ant]opo/]ior diamet] ( same at base #b ,collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,o!r specim5s ( ! species are ,nos4 #ajhf ,g & #ajhg ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum4 ,eury?orax sublvis ,cope4,c ,footnote ,c3 ,dr4 ,hussak( n[ reg>ds 7,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 vol4 #ce1 p4 #abh1 #aiaf7 ! type specim5 ( ?is species z an op]cul> elem5t ( "o ( ! dipnoan fi%es ,sag5odus sublvis 7,cope74 ,! discussion is left "h1 h[ev]1 z a matt] ( hi/orical int]e/4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #agg1 #ahga4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #dja1 pl4 xl1 fig4 #d1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfje ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,collection ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,! g5us & species 7 e/abli%$ on a s+le1 l>ge1 almo/ p]fect int]clavicle ( peculi> =m4 ,x may or may n be di/9ct1 b x c n be associat$ def9itely ) any kn[n g5us1 s t x w be designat$ z ,cope describ$ x4 ,x exhibits on its out] or lat]al bord]s broad1 smoo? surfaces = ! contact ( ! ov]lapp+ m>g9s ( ! lat]al plates4 ,! =m is subr\nd1 ) a l>ge excavation f ! po/]ior m>g9 on ea* side4 ,! n>r[$ portion left 9 ! middle beh9d has a convex outl9e4 ,"s delicate radiat+ grooves occur on ! expos$ surface1 b !y are v %all[4 ,measurem5ts ( ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( int]clavicle #ga4e ,greate/ wid? #gh ,wid? ( lat]al concavity #ci ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--,s-call$ int]clavicle ( ,eury?orax sublvis ,cope4 7,sag5odus47 ,no4 #ge4 7,aft] ,cope47 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,microsaurian ,,family ,,i*?ycan?id1 ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,ohio4 ,family ,,i*?ycan?id new family4 ,?is family is ! mo/ rec5tly recogniz$ gr\p ( ! ,l9ton fauna4 ,its memb]s1 ( :i* !re are two kn[n species1 are di/9ct f all o!r ,coal ,measures ,amphibia 9 ! possession ( an osse\s t>sus 7#dhc1 #dhd71 ) its associat$ reptile-l limb bones4 ,!re are pres]v$ f9e scutell 9 a l>ge pat* ne> ! v]tebral column4 ,! v]tebral sp9es are broad & heavy1 ) ! v]tebral c5tra amphicl\s4 ,g5us ,,i*?ycan?us ,cope1 #ahgg4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 p4 #egc1 ,feb4 #c1 #ahgg 7,pal4 ,bull4 #bd74 ,baur1 ,beitrge zur ,morphog5ie des ,c>pus und ,t>sus d] ,v]tebrat51 ,i ,!il1 p4 #af1 #ahhh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 p4 #bhi1 fig4 #a1 #ahhh4 ,moodie1 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xli1 ,no4 #ajdd1 p4 #cd1 #aiae4 ,moodie1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxix1 pp4 #eji-eab1 fig4 #b1 ,may1 #aiae4 ,type3 ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope4 ,! g5]ic *>act]s are d]iv$ f ! *>act]s pres5t$ by ! po/]ior dorsal & caudal v]tebr1 ) adjac5t p>ts4 ,! po/]ior limbs are well develop$1 ) di/9ct tibia & fibula1 osse\s t>sus1 & #e digits4 ,ribs elongate1 simple1 curv$4 ,abdom9al armature consi/+ ( bri/le-l rods 9 ant]iorly direct$ *evrons4 ,dorsal v]tebr n elongate1 ) simple neural sp9es4 ,tail l>ge1 its v]tebr ossifi$1 & furni%$ ) sl5d] *evron bones :i* t]m9ate 9 a hmal sp9e4 ,neural sp9es broad & direct$ backw>ds2 ! caudal s]ies some:at resembl+ t ( a fi%4 ,all ! c5tra are amphicl\s4 ,?is g5us diff]s f all ^? ) enl>g$ & sculptur$ neural sp9es1 & f ^? ) abdom9al scutes4 ,x is equally di/9ct f ^? )\t ribs1 abdom9al rods1 or limbs4 ,x is possible t "s ( ! species ref]r$ to ,tuditanus1 9 :i* ^! p>ts are unkn[n1 may belong to x1 or t x may be e/abli%$ on a small species ( ,leptophractus1 a g5us kn[n only z yet f ! skull4 ,) our pres5t imp]fect k ( ! ,l9ton =ms x seems be/ to ref] ,i4 ohi5sis & ,i4 platypus to ?is di/9ct g5us1 ,i*?ycan?us4 ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahgg1 p4 #egc 7,pal4 ,bull4 #bd74 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry1 9 ! summ] ( #ahgf4 ,! c5tra ( ! dorsal v]tebr are ab\t z long z deep1 & _! sides are deeply concave2 !re are #d ant]ior to ! pelvis :i* are )\t ribs4 ,! caudal v]tebr are robu/1 & #g1 f ! fir/1 support a small tub]cle-l diapophysis4 ,! *evron bones are %ort & acum9ate2 ! neural sp9es are a little %ort]1 n>r[1 & truncate1 & direct$ backw>ds at ! same angle z ! *evron bones4 ,!y are mu* r$uc$ on ! eighte5? caudal v]tebra1 :]e ! *evron bones are consid]ably long]4 ,! abdom9al rods are q sl5d]4 ,! h9d limb is q /\t = ?is ord]4 ,! femur is regul>ly exp&$ at bo? extremities1 b ! di/al is deeply & op5ly groov$1 di/+ui%+ ! condyles1 :ile ! proximal end is plane4 ,!re is no tro*ant] visible4 ,! ulna & radius are well sep>at$1 & are ?ree-fif?s ! l5g? ( ! femur4 ,!re is a l>ge fibul> t>sal bone ( a subquadrate outl9e4 ,9 imm$iate contact ) x is probably ! ext]nal digit ) #e phalanges or segm5ts2 ! ungual is simply conic4 ,! femur is z long z #e dorsal v]tebr4 ,! ribs h exp&$1 undivid$ heads1 & ext5d to ! abdom9al armature4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,i*?ycan?us ohi5sis ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( la/ #aj dorsal v]tebr #dg ,l5g? ( fir/ #bc caudal v]tebr #aag ,l5g? ( a po/]ior rib #bi ,l5g? ( a po/]ior dorsal v]tebra #e ,l5g? ( tw5ty-second caudal v]tebra #e ,l5g? ( femur #be ,proximal diamet] ( femur #h ,wid? ( l[] leg #i ,l5g? ( fibula #ae ,l5g? ( t>sal bone #f ,l5g? ( digit #bg ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 pp4 #egd1 #ege1 #ahgg4 ,cope1 ,trans ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 p4 #bhi1 fig4 #a1 #ahhh4 ,baur1 ,beitrge zur ,morphog5ie des ,c>pus und ,t>sus d] ,v]tebrat51 ,i ,!il1 p4 #af1 #ahhh4 ,moodie1 ,sci5ce1 n4s41 ,,xli1 ,no4 #ajdd1 p4 #cd1 #aiae4 ,moodie1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxix1 pp4 #eji-eab1 fig4 #b1 #aiae4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #giedj1 & obv]se1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,geology1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 7,plate #bc1 fig4 #a47 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,?is amphibian is repres5t$ by ! same portions ( ! skeleton z ! prec$+ species1 furni%+ a good basis = comp>ison4 ,x is v well pres]v$1 display+ ! *>act]s1 especially ( ! h9d foot1 :i* is almo/ entirely repres5t$4 ,sev]al features di/+ui% x f ! ,i4 ohi5sis1 "o ( :i* is ( m ?an usual value if correctly indicat$ by ! fossil4 ,!re are #aj v]tebr f ! ant]ior end to ! sacrum pres]v$ 9 place1 & none ( !m supports a rib1 nor are !re any ribs visible any:]e on ! block ( %ale4 ,i suspect t !y exi/ on m ant]ior v]tebr1 or may h be5 displac$ to a m ant]ior position ?an !y normally occupy4 ,! abdom9al *evrons are m ant]ior 9 position ?an are ^? ( ! ,i4 ohi5sis4 ,! h9d legs are long] ?an 9 t species2 9 ?is "o ! femur equals #g4e v]tebral c5tra 9 l5g?4 ,! ext]nal digit1 on ! o!r h&1 :ile be>+ #e phalanges1 is di/9ctly %ort]4 ,! fibul> t>sal is ( a transv]se oval1 n quadrate1 =m4 ,! dorsal c5tra are %ort] & deep] ?an long2 ! neural ar*es are elevat$1 ) %ort b di/9ct zygapophyses1 & a flat1 subquadrate1 sup]iorly truncate1 neural sp9e4 ,!y be> %ort1 v]tically compress$ diapophyses ne> ! base ( ! ar*es4 ,! neural sp9es ( ! caudal v]tebr become rapidly m sl5d]1 & also dim9i% 9 l5g?1 :ile ! zygapophyses are cont9u$ to ! fifte5? v]tebra4 ,! *evron bones are sl5d]1 & inclose a mod]ate hmal op5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #bd #a4 ,photograph ( ! type specim5 ( ,pelion lyelli ,wyman1 f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 ,suppos$ to repres5t ! ance/ral =m ( ! ,sali5tia4 #b4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,scales ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 a microsaur f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 #aj4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #c4 ,type specim5 ( ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis ,cope1 f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #j4ge4 ,! femur is gradually exp&$ to ! extremities4 ,proximally !re is a tro*ant]ic ala1 besides ! obtuse head4 ,di/ally ! condyles are well di/+ui%$1 ! ext]nal or fibul> be+ truncate4 ,! fibula is less ?an ?ree-fif?s ! l5g? ( ! femur1 & is exp&$ at bo? extremities4 ,two proximal t>sals are di/9ct2 ! "o next ! fibula is l>g] ?an ! o!r & transv]se suboval 9 =m4 ,x has a m$ian divid+ ridge z ?\gh compos$ ( fibul>e & int]m$ium cossifi$4 ,! tibiale is subtriangul>4 ,!re are five di/9ct phalangeal t>sals4 ,! toes are1 9 ! ord] ( _! l5g?s1 beg9n+ ) ! %orte/1 #a-b-e-c-d4 ,_! phalanges 7includ+ metat>sals7 are1 9 ! prop] ord]1 comm5c+ ) ! hallux1 #c-c-d-e8-e1 ! di/al end ( ! f\r? f+] be+ lo/4 ,^! bones are r /\t1 & ! unguals are simply conic4 ,! =m ( ! foot is %ort & wide4 ,! numb] ( ! phalanges is ne>ly simil> to t f\nd 9 ,amphibamus gr&iceps1 except+ t 9 t species ! fif? digit has b #d4 ,!y are m num]\s on mo/ ( ! digits 9 ,sauropleura digitata4 ,cope 7,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #bhi1 fig4 #a1 #ahhh7 contribut$ ! foll[+ note on ,i*?ycan?us platypus3 ,a rexam9ation ( ! type specim5 ( ?is species f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum ( ,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york1 enables me to ref] ?is species to ! ,ra*itomi4 ,! neural sp9es are di/9ct1 %[+ t x belongs1 probably1 to ! ,eryopid4 ,z ! skull is n pres]v$1 ,i c n det]m9e ! g5us positively1 b ref] x = ! pres5t to ,eryops4 ,i app5d a figure ( ! po/]ior foot1 :i* displays ! *>act]s ( ! t>sus ( ?is gr\p = ! fir/ "t4 ,! numb] ( t>sals is z 9 a ,!romorph reptile1 except t two elem5ts repres5t ! cuboid bone z 9 ! reptile1 ,/]eo/]num tumidum ,cope2 giv+ five elem5ts 9 ! di/al t>sal r[4 ,!re is b "o c5trale & no int]m$ium4 ,two fragm5ts ( caudal v]tebr adh]e to ! specim54 ,measurem5ts ( ,i*?ycan?us platypus ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( #aj dorsal v]tebr #de ,l5g? ( #ae caudal v]tebr #ee ,l5g? ( c5trum ( a dorsal #c4h ,total elevation ( a po/]ior dorsal #ad ,l5g? ( femur #cb ,l5g? ( fir/ digit #aj ,diamet] ( femur m$ially #d4e ,diamet] ( femur di/ally #h4c ,l5g? ( fibula #ah ,diamet] ( fibula proximally #g ,wid? ( sole at second r[ ( t>sal bones #ag ,l5g? ( foot to end ( ?ird digit #ca ,l5g? ( ?ird digit #bb ,l5g? ( fif? digit #bj ,! writ] has _h ! privilege ( re/udy+ ?is int]e/+ specim5 & has already 7#dhd7 describ$ ! foot & t>sus1 z foll[s3 ,! only kn[n specim5 ( ?is anomal\s amphibian is incomplete1 repres5t+ ! po/]ior half ( ! skeleton1 & an abundance ( v5tral scutell or calcifi$ myocommata4 ,! block ( coal conta9+ ^! int]e/+ rema9s is f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 & is pres]v$ 9 ! geological collections ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 f :i* in/itution ,pr(essor ,grabau v c\rte\sly =w>d$ x = /udy4 ,i*?ycan?us platypus 0 describ$ by ,cope f ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures1 locat+ x d\btfully 9 ! ,p]mian g5us ,eryops on acc\nt ( ! unusual condition ( ! t>sus & reconsid]+ a =m] decision 9 favor ( a ,coal ,measures g5us ,i*?ycan?us4 ,9 ?is disposition ( ! species into ! ,p]mian g5us he is foll[$ by ,hay 7#cag72 b ,baur 7#bh7 reg>d$ ! =m z a memb] ( ! ,coal ,measures g5us ,i*?ycan?us1 aft] comm5t+ on ! lat] def9ition by ,cope4 ,! type ( ! g5us1 ,i*?ycan?us1 to :i* ,cope fir/ alli$ ! species "u consid]ation1 is ,i4 ohi5sis1 a suppos$ amphibian f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 f\nd$ on incomplete mat]ial4 ,! =m comb9es 9 an unusual & rem>kable degree reptilian & amphibian *>act]i/ics4 ,! leg bones1 pelvis1 & t>sus are all /rik+ly reptilian1 b ! phalanges 9 ! arrangem5t ( elem5ts are s typically amphibian t if we _h no o!r means ( diagnosis we w\ld incl9e to locate ?is ,coal ,measures species among ! ,amphibia4 ,! leg 7plate #bc1 fig4 #a7 recalls 9 its /ructure t ( ano!r ,coal ,measures species1 ,eosauravus copei ,willi/on1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 cle>ly a reptile4 ,:ile !re is a g5]al degree ( simil>ity betwe5 ! foot /ructure ( ,eosauravus copei & ,i*?ycan?us platypus1 yet !re are v great diff]5ces 9 ! phalangeal =mula & ! arrangem5t ( ! t>sal elem5ts4 ,^! diff]5ces are cle> & indicate a sep>ation ( ! two species into di/9ct classes4 ,! phalangeal =mula 9 ! ,eosauravus1 #b-c-d-e-d1 is typically reptilian2 :ile 9 ! ,i*?ycan?us1 #b-b-c-c-c1 x is amphibian4 ,! t>sus ( ! ,i*?ycan?us is amphibian 9 ! pres5ce ( an int]m$ium1 b ?is is v small & ! rema9+ t>sal /ructures h no?+ :i* might n be f\nd 9 an e>ly reptile4 ,!re may be a s+le or ev5 two c5tralia 9 ! reptilian t>sus among ! e>ly =ms4 ,! amphibian nature ( ! species hav+ ?us be5 e/abli%$1 x rema9s to give a detail$ acc\nt ( its skeletal anatomy1 ) comp>ative ref]5ces to su* o!r anci5t =ms z are available4 ,little c be said ( ! v]tebral column1 s9ce only ! molds ( a few v]tebr rema91 & ^! are s obscur$ by a closely adh]5t pellicle ( c>bonace\s mat]ial t _! =m c n be di/9ctly disc]n$4 ,!y are high1 ) relatively broad neural sp9es4 ,!re are no ribs pres]v$4 ,! pelvis is obscur$1 b x is possible to det]m9e ! pres5ce ( an elongate ilium & an is*ium4 ,! leg ( ! left side is ! be/ pres]v$ ( all ! elem5ts1 & x is to ?is t our att5tion w be conf9$4 ,! opposite leg is n s complete1 yet all ! long bones & a "p ( ! t>sus are pres]v$ ) suffici5t cle>ness to corroborate ! f9d+s ( ! left side4 ,! femur1 z has be5 /at$1 is reptilian 9 appe>ance4 ,?is is due to ! well-r\nd$ articul> surfaces1 z ?\gh ! endo*ondrium 7 well develop$1 & to ! l>ge developm5t ( ! great] & less] tro*ant]s1 :i* are q prom95t1 ?\gh ^! are di/ort$ & depress$ 9 fossilization4 ,! bone is /\t & well built & its =m sugge/s an active habit ( life4 ,! tibia & fibula are sep>ate1 & d n o!rwise h suffici5tly notewor?y *>act]s to call = a special description 9 ?is place1 except to note an unusual ant]ior cre/ on ! tibia4 ,to ! l[] ends ( ^! bones articulate ! fir/ r[ ( t>sal elem5ts1 ! tibiale1 int]m$ium1 & fibul>e4 ,! t>sus is compos$ ( #i elem5ts arrang$ 9 #c r[s4 ,! proximal r[ is compos$ ( ! tibiale1 ! int]m$ium1 & ! fibul>e4 ,on ! edge ( ! tibiale !re lies a portion ( "o ( ! caudal v]tebr1 s t ! =m ( ?is t>sal elem5t is slightly obscur$4 ,! int]m$ium is a small1 r\nd$ elem5t ly+ betwe5 ! l>g] elem5ts4 ,! fibul>e is rectangul> & projects a consid]able di/ance out f ! tibia1 b articulates directly ) ! l>ge lat]al di/al t>sal4 ,! c5trale is triangul> 9 =m & is oppos$ directly by ! tibiale & t>salia #a to #c4 ,! phalanges are robu/ 9 appe>ance4 ,! entire foot gives "o ! impression ( a v broad /ructure4 ,! ungual phalanges 7 app>5tly bluntly claw$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,suppos$ ,,microsaurian ,,species ,,( ,,unc]ta9 ,,relation%ip4 ,! foll[+ ?ree species are s unusual & s incompletely kn[n t !y c n be consid]$ ) any ( ! above families3 ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi ,cope1 ,l9ton1 ,ohio2 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson1 ,nova ,scotia2 ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie1 ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 ,g5us ,,bra*ydectes ,cope1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfh1 p4 #bad4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahfh1 p4 #ad4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chh1 #ahge1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #b4 ,type3 ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi ,cope4 ,cope 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 vol4 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chh1 #ahge71 says3 ,?is g5us is indicat$ by two rami ( a m&ible & a portion ( a premaxill>y only4 ,^!1 :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( /ocephalus & ,tuditanus1 f ! same locality1 & ) o!rs describ$ by au?ors1 are s mu* /\t]1 i4e41 %ort] & m elevat$1 t !y evid5tly belong to a g5us unlike ei!r4 ,! g5us fur!r diff]s f /ocephalus 9 hav+ ! tee? ( equal size to ! po/]ior "p ( ! s]ies2 t is1 to ! base ( ! elevat$ coronoid process4 ,! tee? are elongate cyl9drical cones1 ) _! acute tips turn$ a little po/]iorly4 ,! fractur$ ones display a l>ge pulp cavity4 ,! ?ree premaxill>ies pres]v$ are simil>1 b )\t curvature at ! tips4 ,!y d n exhibit /ri or any o!r sculpture4 ,s f> z ! rema9s kn[n g1 ! g5us is ne>] ,hyl]peton ?an any o!r4 ,accord+ to ,dawson1 t g5us is provid$ ) a l>ge can9e-l too?1 at ! ant]ior extremity ( ! maxill>y1 on ! inn] r[1 :i* is ins]t$ into a di/9ct socket4 ,no su* too? appe>s among ^? ( ?is g5us4 ,! latt] does n give any indication ( ! v elevat$ coronoid process ( ,bra*ydectes1 ?\gh ! ext]nal portion ( ! d5t>y bone 9 t region be+ lo/1 little c be said ab\t x4 ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi ,cope4 ,cope1 ,proc4 ,phila4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 p4 #bad1 #ahfh4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ahfh1 p4 #ad4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #chh1 pl4 xxvii1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #hfjd ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,cope 7,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 vol4 ,,ii1 pt ,,ii1 p4 #chh1 #ahge7 says ( ?is =m3 ,! species is repres5t$ by "o ne>ly p]fect ramus m&ibuli1 "o d5t>y bone & "o premaxill>y1 probably n complete4 ,! d5t>y bone appe>s to h be5 atta*$ by suture to ! articul> & angul>1 z its free m>g9 has v mu* ( ! outl9e ( t suture 9 ,amphiuma & liz>ds4 ,! coronoid process w\ld also seem to be a "p ( ! same bone z 9 ,amphiuma & ,m5opema1 & n compos$ ( ! coronoid bone z 9 liz>ds4 ,x rises imm$iately beh9d ! la/ too?1 & displays no suture4 ,! l[] portion ( ! d5t>y is prolong$ into an acute angle4 ,?is is sep>at$ by a deep & wide concavity f ! sup]ior po/]ior prolongation1 :i* is obtuse1 & rises at once into ! coronoid process4 ,tee? on ?is d5t>y1 sev52 ! same numb] is on ! pres]v$ ramus2 ?is numb] is suspect$ to be complete1 or ne>ly s4 ,! tee? t]m9ate at ! obvi\s t]m9ation ( ea* ramus1 :i* is1 x is true1 slightly obscur$4 ,^! tee? are ! longe/ 9 ! ,microsauria 9 relation to ! dep? ( ! ramus1 equal+ ! l>ge/ 9 /ocephalus4 ,!y are d\btless expos$1 z are "s ( ^? ( ! la/-nam$ g5us1 by ! splitt+ away ( ! out] p>apet ( ! d5t>y bone4 ,z no traces ( alveoli h be5 ?us r5d]$ visible ,i suspect ! d5tition to h be5 acrodont1 z 9 "s exi/+ ,batra*ia4 ,no ext]nal surface ( ! m&ible rema9s1 b !re are no impressions ( sculpture on ! matrix4 ,a little ext]nal face ( ! premaxill>y displays none4 ,! species is d$icat$ to ,pr(essor ,john ,s4 ,newb]ry1 ! able director ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,ohio1 & discov]] ( mo/ ( ! ,batra*ia h]e9 describ$4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type4 mm4 ,l5g? ( ramus ( m&ible 7imp]fect7 #bb ,dep? at la/ too? #e ,l5g? ( expos$ too? #c4e ,l5g? ( d5t>y #af ,dep? at coronoid process #g4e ,dep? at fir/ too? #c ,g5us ,,prot]peton new g5us4 ,type3 ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie4 ,kn[n f a s+le v]tebra4 ,sp9e v high & heavy1 ! neural canal l>ge4 ,prot]peton gurleyi new species4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ac1bif1 ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal ,measures ne> ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 ,! v]tebra1 z pres]v$1 is well *>act]iz$ by ! figure 7plate #bb1 fig4 #b74 ,! sp9e is high & heavy1 ! neural canal is l>ge1 & ! c5trum r$uc$4 ,! =m is v unusual4 ,x is app>5tly f ! c]vical region1 z !re are no indications ( zygapophyses1 transv]se processes1 or hmal ar*es1 al?\gh !y may h be5 abrad$2 app>5tly n1 h[ev]4 ,! type specim5 0 discov]$ ne> ,danville1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t ! horizon ( ! ,danville coal1 s t x is q high 9 ! ,allegh5y s]ies ( ! ,p5nsylvanian & ( ab\t ! same horizon z ! phalangeal bone f ,breeze1 ,ill9ois1 :i* may be provisionally associat$ ) ?is =m4 ,!re is no assurance t ,prot]peton gurleyi is an amphibian4 ,! v]tebra may h belong$ to a fi%4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,prot]peton gurleyi ,moodie4 mm4 ,entire height ( v]tebra #bd ,wid? at side ( neural canal #ba4e ,wid? ( neural canal #ac ,height ( neural canal 7cru%$87 #f4e ,wid? ( v]tebral c5trum ant]opo/]iorly #e4e ,height ( neural sp9e f top ( neural canal #i ,g5us ,,amblyodon ,dawson1 #ahhb4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 pt4 #aa1 p4 #fdd1 pl4 #dj1 figs4 #eg-fa1 #ahhb4 ,type3 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson4 ,?is g5us 0 describ$ by ,dawson 9 #ahhb f v imp]fect rema9s4 ,he says t x is *>act]iz$ by /\t cyl9drical tee?1 blunt at ! apices2 b o!rwise imp]fectly kn[n4 ,amblyodon problematicum ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fdd1 pl4 #dj1 figs4 #eg to #fa1 #ahhb4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #cjfa-aj1 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--,skeletal elem5ts ( ,amblyodon sp4 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 a1 too?1 #be2 b1 section ( too?1 #be2 d1 fragm5t ( ?oracic plate2 f1 %aft ( limb bone2 e1 rib4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,a fragm5t ( a jaw #a cm4 9 l5g? has #aj cyl9drical tee?1 simple & smoo?1 ) l>ge pulp cavities & r\nd$ regul>ly at ! apices4 ,) ^! are #d v]tebr ( ! usual type1 measur+ toge!r #a cm4 ,fragm5ts ( cranial bones also occur & are obscurely pitt$4 ,!re is also :at seems to be ! %aft ( a limb bone & a few oval scales4 ,a flat & some:at rhombic bone1 ) a /yle at "o side1 may possibly be a ?oracic plate or possibly a p>asph5oid4 ,! mat]ial is too scanty = any satisfactory description ( ?is animal1 b x is provisionally nam$ ,amblyodon problematicum4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,temnospondyl\s ,,amphibia ,,( ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,temnospondylia1 ,,zittel4 #ahhg4 ,zittel1 ,h&bu* d] ,paleontologie1 ,ab?4 #a1 ,bd4 #c1 p4 #chd1 #ahhg4 ,t]re/rial or semi-aquatic v]tebrata2 skull bones pitt$ & groov$2 lat]al-l9e canals pres5t 9 well-develop$ =m2 p9eal =am5 sometimes abs5t2 scl]otic plates pres5t2 v]tebr ra*itom\s or embolom]\s2 noto*ord p>tly p]si/5t2 "o or two sacral v]tebr2 tail pres5t1 long or %ort2 limbs & girdles well develop$2 limb bones well ossifi$ & bones ( arm & leg sep>ate2 pectoral & pelvic girdles compos$ ( ! usual /egocephalian elem5ts2 an osse\s pubis pres5t2 a clei?rum pres5t on ! scapula2 c>pus & t>sus ossifi$1 c>pals n & t>sals #ab 9 "o =m2 phalangeal =mula1 #b1 #c1 #c1 #d1 #b = ! h& & #b1 #c1 #c1 #c1 #b = ! foot2 =e & h9d limbs p5tadactyl 9 a few =ms2 v5t] cov]$ ) an armature ( osse\s scutes1 sometimes ov]lapp+2 sk9 ( back b>e or armor$ ) heavy plates2 ribs heavy1 d\ble-head$1 curv$ & mod]ately long1 or %ort2 body %ort & heavy1 z comp>$ to skull ab\t #b to #a4 ,range3 ,coal ,measures to upp] ,p]mian4 ,di/ribution3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,ill9ois1 ,kansas1 ,oklahoma1 ,texas1 & ,p5nsylvania2 ,europe3 ,g]many1 ,bohemia2 ,france2 ,asia3 ,india4 ,family ,,cricotid ,cope1 #ahhd4 ,cope1 ,am4 ,nat41 ,,xviii1 p4 #ch1 #ahhd4 ,g5]al =m ( ! body elongate1 ) triangul> skull & %ort1 /\t limbs4 ,sn\t n>r[1 orbits l>ge1 elongat$ oval1 situat$ ne> ! middle ( ! skull4 ,ext]nal bones fa9tly sculptur$1 s5sory canals conspicu\s1 p>ietal =am5 l>ge4 ,tee? conical1 ( unequal size4 ,presacral v]tebr compos$ ( horse%oe-%ap$ pleuroc5tra & hypoc5tra1 ! =m] alone support+ ! neural ar*4 ,9 ! caudals ! pleuroc5tra & hypoc5tra =m complete r+s1 & bo? elem5ts take "p 9 ! support ( ! neural ar*1 b ! hmal ar* is borne exclusively by ! hypoc5tra4 ,a close abdom9al armor ( imbricate scales1 arrang$ 9 a *evron patt]n4 ,caudal v]tebr num]\s4 ,*evrons cossifi$ ) ! int]c5tra4 ,g5us ,,spondyl]peton ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 vi4 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cee1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie4 ,! g5us is bas$ on a specim5 consi/+ ( #i imp]fect v]tebr1 f ! caudal region ( a relatively l>ge amphibian4 ,! pres5t g5us exce$s ,diplospondylus f ! ,gaskohle ( ,bohemia 7#bea7 by twice its size & is ab\t two-?irds ! size ( ,cricotus het]oclitus ,cope 7#ih7 f ! ,p]mian ( ,kansas4 ,! v]tebr are twice z high z wide1 diff]+ ?us f ,cricotus1 9 :i* ! v]tebr are ne>ly circul>4 ,a "* :i* is ( great importance is ! l>ge size ( ! int]c5trum1 :i* almo/ equals ! pleuroc5trum 9 size4 ,x is simil> to ! pleuroc5trum 9 %ape1 except = ! atta*$ neuroc5trum & *evron on ! latt]4 ,! pres5t g5us diff]s f ,diplospondylus 9 ! great] l5g? ( ! int]c5trum & pleuroc5trum1 9 ! great] size1 9 ! l>g] proportions ( ! neuroc5trum1 & ! great] proportionate size ( ! int]c5tra4 ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #cee-ceg1 pl4 #h1 figs4 #a & #b2 pl4 #i1 fig4 #a1 #aiab4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #gic 7#bf7 & obv]se1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,mazon ,creek1 ne> ,morris1 ,ill9ois4 ,! species is v imp]fectly kn[n4 ,suffici5t is pres5t1 h[ev]1 to %[ its wide g5]ic diff]5ces f o!r =ms ( ! ,cricotid4 ,^! *>act]s are ( a phylog5etic nature & indicate ! m primitive nature ( ! pres5t =m1 z we w\ld expect f its geological position4 ,! sutures sep>at+ ! f\r v]tebral elem5ts are cle>ly app>5t4 ,! pleuroc5tral-neuroc5tral suture is app>5t 9 #d v]tebr4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,! v]tebr ( ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie1 ! only kn[n temnospondyle f ! ! ,mazon ,creek %ales4 #a4 hy1 hypoc5trum2 inc1 int]c5trum2 pc1 pleuroc5trum2 nc1 neuroc5trum4 ,!re is b a s+le pleuroc5trum pres]v$ complete4 ,?is %[s ! =m ( ! atta*$ neuroc5trum & *evron1 :i* corresponds to ! hypoc5trum pleurale accord+ to ,frits*4 ,! pleuroc5trum is flatt5$ lat]ally1 ) a r l>ge canal = ! noto*ord4 ,its sides are m>k$ ) #d longitud9al grooves4 ,surfaces = ! atta*m5t ( ! ribs are n pres5t1 & = ?is reason1 z well z ! pres5ce ( *evrons1 ! v]tebr are suppos$ to be caudals4 ,z su* !y repres5t an animal ( "s #c or #d feet 9 l5g?4 ,x 0 ! giant ( ! ,mazon ,creek ,amphibia4 7,plate #d1 figs4 #a1 #b47 ,atta*$ to ! upp] side ( pleuroc5trum by a sutural union occurs ! neuroc5trum4 ,! neural ar* is q l>ge & is oval 9 outl9e1 al?\gh some:at con/rict$ at ! tip4 ,! sp9e ( ! neuroc5trum is r long & broad at ! base1 measur+ #ab mm4 across ! ant]ior zygapophysis4 ,! neuroc5trum is lat]ally flatt5$ & ends 9 a r acute & some:at rugose po9t4 ,x 0 probably tipp$ ) c>tilage4 ,! ant]ior zygapophysis occurs well d[n on ! neuroc5trum1 its l[] edge be+ #e mm4 f ! suture sep>at+ ! pleuroc5trum & ! neuroc5trum4 ,! po/]ior zygapophysis occurs q high up on ! neuroc5trum & lies at a di/ance ( #ae mm4 f ! pleuro-neuroc5tral suture1 ?us indicat+ an extreme po/]ior incl9ation ( ! neural sp9e4 ,! po/]ior zygapophysis ( ! be/ pres]v$ v]tebra is sep>at$ f its mate1 ! ant]ior zygapophysis1 9 ! next succe$+ v]tebra by a space ( #e mm4 ,! v5tral surface ( ! pleuroc5trum be>s a /ructure1 :i* is1 )\t d\bt1 a *evron1 al?\gh ! "* ( its op5+ c n be det]m9$4 ,x is elongat$ & is unit$ by a broad base to ! pleuroc5trum4 ,its union is by a cle>ly def9$ suture1 :i* is app>5t 9 #c v]tebr4 ,! condition repres5t$ by ! specim5 duplicates almo/ exactly ! condition figur$ by ,cope = ! caudal region ( ,cricotus ,cope4,d ,footnote ,d3 ,,cope1 ,e4 ,d41 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 p4 #bdf1 #ahij4 ,! int]c5trum ( ! pres5t =m is fully z l>ge z ! pleuroc5trum4 ,! significance ( ?is has already be5 m5tion$4 ,! body ( ! c5trum is pi]c$ by a l>ge noto*ordal canal4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,spondyl]peton sp9atum ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( specim5 #fj ,l5g? ( pleuroc5trum #aa4e ,height ( pleuroc5trum to base ( neuroc5trum #bj ,l5g? ( neuroc5trum #cc ,wid? ( neuroc5trum at base #i ,wid? across ant]ior zygapophysis #ab ,wid? across po/]ior zygapophysis #aj ,l5g? ( int]c5trum #aj ,height ( int]c5trum #aj4e ,height ( *evron #c ,l5g? ( *evron #ah ,wid? ( noto*ordal op5+ 9 c5trum #e ,height ( same #d4e ,height ( neural canal #ab ,greate/ wid? ( neural canal #f ,family ,,eryopid ,cope1 #ahhb4 ,cope1 ,am4 ,nat41 ,,xvi1 p4 #ccd1 #ahhb4 ,l>ge1 t]re/rial or amphibi\s v]tebrata2 skull bones deeply m>k$ ) pits & grooves :i* take ! =m ( lat]al-l9e canals2 infra- & supraorbital canals1 antorbital commissure1 jugal canal1 & occipital cross-commissure ( ! lat]al-l9e sy/em pres5t 9 ,eryops megacephalus ,cope2 c>pus & t>sus osse\s2 pubis an osse\s plate1 surr\nd$ 9 life by a l>ge am\nt ( c>tilage2 =e & h9d limbs p5tadactyl2 orbits1 9 ! typical g5us1 locat$ f> back on ! skull & ne> ! m$ian l9e2 clei?rum pres5t on ! scapula2 v]tebr ra*itom\s1 ! int]c5trum support+ ! ar* 9 ! dorsal region2 p>asph5oid well-develop$ or r$uc$2 tee? on pt]ygoids1 palat9es1 prevom]s1 & p>asph5oid4 ,range3 ,upp] ,p5nsylvanian to ,p]mian4 ,di/ribution3 ,am]ica1 ,europe1 ,asia4 ,g5us ,,eryops ,cope1 #ahgg4 ,type3 ,eryops megacephalus ,cope4 ,skull long1 comp>atively n>r[2 proportion ( l5g? to bread? ab\t #i to #g4 ,ro( bones co>sely sculptur$ po/]iorly1 f9ely sculptur$ ant]iorly4 ,nasals & premaxill v l>ge2 frontals exclud$ f ! orbits by junction ( pre- & po/-frontals4 ,pt]ygoids n meet+ 9 ! m$ian l9e2 p>asph5oid dagg]-%ap$1 tap]+ gradually to a po9t j 9 front ( ! palat9e =am52 prevom]s l>ge4 ,orbits subcircul>1 situat$ 9 ! po/]ior half ( ! skull2 n>es subovate1 remote1 at a consid]able di/ance f ! tip ( ! skull4 ,_m m9ute d5ticles1 on pt]ygoids1 palat9es1 prevom]s1 & p>asph5oid4 ,tee? circul> 9 cross-section1 /rongly ribb$ ne> ! base1 d5t9e /rongly infold$4 ,?ree l>ge tee? on ea* palat9e4 ,m&ible )\t po/cotyloid process4 ,v]tebr ra*itom\s4 ,ribs d\ble-head$4 ,pubis osse\s4 ,?ree species 7,p]mian71 ,e4 megacephalus1 ,e4 latus1 & ,e4 willi/oni1 are assign$ to ! g5us4 ,eryops is repres5t$ 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s deposits ( ,nor? ,am]ica by incomplete v]tebral rema9s describ$ by ,case 7#id7 f ne> ,pittsburgh1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #be #a4 ,photograph ( type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus 7,tuditanus7 radiatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #a4c4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,photograph ( type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus tabulatus ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #b4 ,orig9al 9 ! ,zoological ,collections ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 #c4 ,photograph ( ! impression ( ,/egops div>icata ,cope1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #b4 ,! specim5 figur$ is 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,its obv]se is 9 ! collections at ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 #d4 ,type & only kn[n specim5 ( ,micr]peton caudatum ,moodie1 a bran*iosaur f ! ,coal ,measures %ales ( ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois4 #b4 ,orig9al 9 collections at ,walk] ,museum1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,eryops sp4 indet4 ,case1 #aijh4 ,case1 ,annals ,c>negie ,mus41 ,,iv1 p4 #bcd1 pl4 #ei1 #aijh4 ,a dorsal v]tebra is v probably f ?is g5us4 ,! specim5 consi/s ( a ne>ly p]fect v]tebra1 lack+ only ! ant]ior zygapophysis & ! upp] portion ( ! neural sp9e 7plate #ah1 fig4 #b74 ,x %[s no "* t w\ld w>rant its sep>ation f ! g5us1 & indicates a m$ium-siz$ individual4 ,! zygapophyses h clean-cut articul> faces4 ,! pleuroc5tra are ?ick5$ above1 ) j well-def9$ articul> faces1 :i* 7 appli$ to faces on ! neural ar* po/]ior to ! orig9 ( ! transv]se process4 ,! int]c5trum is ( ! famili> halfmoon-%ape1 ?ick & heavy bel[1 & ?9n] t[>d ! extremities2 ! ant]ior edge is m>k$ ne> ! top by ! ind5tation f\nd on ! int]c5tra ( ,eryops4 ,height ( ! v]tebra f ! middle ( ! l[] face ( ! int]c5trum to ! middle ( ! neural canal1 #j4jce m42 wid? ( int]c5trum #j4jbf m4 ,! second recognizable specim5 is a neural sp9e f ! caudal s]ies4 ,?is is )\t "q a portion ( ! skeleton ( an ,eryops4 ,simil> sp9es 7 describ$ by ,cope z ,eryops 7,epicordylus7 ery?roli?icus1 b lat] discov]ies seem to %[ t simil> *>act]s occur 9 o!r species ( ! g5us z well4 ,! apex ( ! sp9e is bifurcate2 ! space betwe5 extremities is concave & p]fectly smoo?2 bel[ ! sides ( ! sp9e are r rugose & m>k$ ) ridges4 ,! l[] portion ( ! sp9e is elongat$ ant]opo/]iorly & ! edges are m>k$ ) %>p1 d\ble ridges4 ,?ree ribs also belong1 9 all probability1 to ! g5us ,eryops4 ,! head ( ea* rib is broad & ! articul> edge is divid$ betwe5 two faces :i* meet at an angle some:at great] ?an a "r angle2 ! two faces are cont9u\s4 ,! %aft is some:at flatt5$ & 9 ! undi/ort$ specim5s is g5tly curv$4 ,! l5g? ( ! l>ge/ rib is ab\t #j4jg m4 ,o!r ?an ^! specim5s !re are sev]al small int]c5tra 7#id7 & ! neural sp9e ( a caudal v]tebra f "s undet]m9$ amphibian4 ,family ,,macr]petid ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 p4 #ced1 pl4 lix1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,x has seem$ necess>y to propose a new family = ! reception ( ! s+le species ,macr]peton 7,tuditanus7 huxleyi ,cope4 ,! *>act]s exhibit$ by ?is species are s diff]5t f ^? (f]$ by o!r memb]s ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ,microsauria t x is cle>ly di/9ct4 ,9 its cranial *>act]s & ! position ( ! orbits x approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ,eryops megacephalus ,cope f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,9 "s ( its *>act]s ! pres5t =m %[s a simil>ity to ,dasyceps buckl&i ,lloyd 7#cbd71 f ! ,p]mian ( ,k5ilwor?1 ,engl&2 m especially is ?is simil>ity f\nd 9 ! =m ( ! skull1 ! size & %ape ( ! tee?1 & ! po/]ior position ( ! orbits1 & _! wide removal f ! bord] ( ! skull4 ,only a fragm5t ( ! skull has hi!rto be5 kn[n1 b repeat$ /udy ( ?is fragm5t 7#abc7 has disclos$ ! wide div]sity 7#dfb7 ( its *>act]s4 ,an almo/ complete skull1 describ$ bel[1 sub/antiates ! *>act]s bas$ on ! fragm5t4 ,ano!r species is "h add$ to ! g5us1 bas$ on a portion ( a m&ible & a portion ( ! skull4 ,! family1 ,macr]petid1 may be def9$ 7#dfe7 z foll[s3 ,skull l>g] ?an 9 any o!r kn[n microsaurian1 unless ,baphetes proves to be microsaurian2 cranial elem5ts sculptur$ ) pits & co>se grooves2 lacrimal elem5t pres5t1 tee? l>ge1 curv$ inw>ds & flut$2 m&ible heavy2 orbits locat$ f> back on ! skull & ne> ! m$ian l9e s t ! int]orbital space is ab\t half ! space f ! out] edge ( ! orbit to ! bord] ( ! skull1 ?us approa*+ ! condition kn[n 9 ,eryops2 ! ribs 787 are /rong1 heavy1 & curv$1 ) an incipi5t tub]cle4 ,g5us ,,macr]peton ,moodie1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #gb-gd1 fig4 #ag1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope4 ,! g5us ,macr]peton 0 propos$ = ! reception ( ! amphibian species describ$ by ,cope z ,tuditanus huxleyi 7#abc74 ,?is =m he plac$ provisionally 9 g5us ,tuditanus1 s9ce x seem$ to pres5t ! same type ( sculptur+ ( ! cranial elem5ts simil> to t f\nd 9 ,t4 radiatus ,cope4 ,b ?is species has be5 remov$ f ,tuditanus & plac$ 9 a new g5us1 ,erpetosaurus 7#dfb74 ,a close /udy ( ! type specim5 ( ,tuditanus huxleyi ,cope %[s 7#dfe7 great v>iation & di/9ction f any ( ! species describ$ f ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 or inde$ f any ,c>bonif]\s =m ?us f> kn[n4 ,! specim5 repres5ts ! left side ( ! face1 & ! *>act]s exhibit$ by ! fragm5t are support$ by m complete mat]ial 7,no4 #bicc1 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/474 ,! skull %[s a close approa* to ! high] labyr9?odonts 9 its %ape4 ,! orbits are f> remov$ f ! bord] ( ! skull4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! bones ( ! skull resembles t ( ,capitosaurus f ! ,keup] ( ,europe4 ,! jaw is = ! mo/ "p sl5d]1 ) a pron\nc$ d[nw>d inflection at ! coronoidal "p4 ,! tee? are heavy & /rong & are curv$ backw>ds4 ,!y h ! /rong longitud9al flut+ :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! labyr9?odonts4 ,ano!r "* :i* is di/9ctive is ! patt]n ( cranial sculpture4 ,?is consi/s ( inosculat+ pits & grooves ( a co>se "* & comp>es favorably ) ! sculptur+ ( ,triassic labyr9?odonts4 ,if ,macr]peton really repres5ts a labyr9?odont =m ( ,amphibia x is ! olde/ ( ! kn[n ,labyr9?odontid1 s9ce x seems probable t ! ,eosaurus v]tebr came f a high] horizon4 ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 p4 #bgd1 #ahgd4 ,cope1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #cig1 pl4 xxxiv1 fig4 #b1 #ahge4 ,lesley1 ,diction>y ( ,fossils1 p4 #abcg1 #ahij4 ,moodie1 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #gb1 fig4 #ag1 #aiji4 ,moodie1 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxvi1 art4 ,,xxv1 p4 #ced1 pl4 lix1 fig4 #a1 #aiji4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #aai1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,collection ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,newb]ry4 7,plate #bf1 fig4 #b47 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moodie ,,plate #bf #a4 ,photograph ( type specim5 ( ,erpetosaurus tub]culatus ,moodie1 f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,photograph ( type ( ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 f ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 #a4 ,orig9al 9 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! species1 ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 is a quotation ( ,cope's description 7#abc7 ( ! type specim51 & ! second "p deals ) ! description ( ! new mat]ial4 ,cope says ! species is ,repres5t$ by a consid]able portion ( ! face & muzzle ( a s+le individual4 ,a portion ( ! left m&ible1 support+ ?ree tee?1 rema9s 9 place1 & almo/ ! entire b\nd>y ( ! "r orbit is pres]v$4 ,! fragm5t indicates a mu* l>g] species ?an any o!r ref]r$ to ! g5us1 &1 next to ! ,leptophractus obsoletus1 ! l>ge/ ( ! ,batra*ians ( ! ,ohio ,coal ,measures4 ,)\t m complete rema9s1 x is n easy to det]m9e its g5]ic relations f9ally4 ,! =m ( ! head is probably elongate1 & ! muzzle nei!r v obtuse nor elongate4 ,! orbit is r small1 & ne> ! middle ( ! l5g? ( ! specim51 :i* is1 h[ev]1 incomplete at bo? ends4 ,! sculpture ( ! surface ( ! head po/]ior to ! orbits1 z well z r\nd _! bord]s & = "s di/ance 9 front ( !m1 consi/s ( a r co>se pitt+4 ,on ! middle l9e1 betwe5 ! orbits & on ! muzzle1 ! int]vals become n>r[]1 & are conflu5t into transv]se ridges or a delicate reticulation4 ,! surface ( ! m&ible displays a co>se reticulation4 ,! tee? are /\tly conic1 & ) delicately /riate groov$ cem5tum4 ,!y are slightly recurv$4 ,?is species diff]s f ! ,t4 radiatus & ,t4 obtusus 9 ! abs5ce ( ! area into :i* ! sculpture is ?r[n4 ,longitud9al diamet] ( orbit1 #ai mm42 l5g? ( alveol> bord] support+ ?ree tee?1 #ac mm42 diamet] ( base ( too?1 #c mm42 eight pits 9 #aj mm4 ,d$icat$ to ,pr(essor ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley1 facile pr9ceps among ,engli% sy/emati/s1 & an important contributor to ! k ( ! ext9ct ,batra*ia4 ,! foll[+ discussion ( ! cranial elem5ts1 bas$ on ! writ]'s /udies 7#dfb1 #dfe7 ( ! type1 may be app5d$ to ,pr(essor ,cope's orig9al description4 ,! sutures b\nd+ a few ( ! elem5ts h be5 made out 9 "p4 ,! prefrontal elem5t seems well assur$4 ,x lies well 9 front ( ! orbit1 mu* z 9 ! skull ( ,capitosaurus f ! ,keup] ( ,europe4 ,! lacrimal is1 app>5tly1 a v l>ge bone1 ?\gh its entire ext5t is n assur$4 ,! maxilla is a long1 n>r[ elem5t on ! bord] ( ! skull4 ,! suture sep>at+ ?is f ! lacrimal & jugal is q cle>4 ,! tee? :i* ! maxilla und\bt$ly bore are hidd5 by ! rema9s ( ! m&ible1 :i* lies p>tly on ! edge ( ! skull4 ,! jugal is a v l>ge elem5t & its b\nd>ies seem well assur$4 ,its size & relations recall ! condition 9 ,capitosaurus4 ,x =ms a "p ( ! ext]nal b\nd>y ( ! orbit4 ,! lat]al suture ( ! po/orbital is evid5t & is1 z %[n 9 ! figure1 some:at curv$4 ,! rema9+ elem5ts pres]v$ on ! fragm5t>y skull c n be accurately det]m9$1 ?\gh _! probable position is indicat$ 9 plate #cj1 fig4 #b1 ! lett]+ be+ bas$ on ! arrangem5t ( ^! elem5ts 9 ,capitosaurus4 ,! l[] jaw is poorly pres]v$1 b :at rema9s %[s evid5ce ( be+ sculptur$ some:at aft] ! mann] ( ! cranial elem5ts4 ,x bore /rong recurv$ tee? :i* are longitud9ally /riate4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ,specim5 ( ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope4 mm4 ,l5g? ( portion pres]v$ #abj ,maximum wid? ( specim5 #eh ,l5g? ( orbit #bj ,wid? ( orbit #ad ,l5g? ( jaw1 z pres]v$ #ge ,wid? ( jaw at wide/ "p #aa ,l5g? ( longe/ too? #h ,wid? ( too? at base #d ,description ( ,additional ,mat]ial ( ,macr]peton huxleyi4 ,! additional mat]ial ( ?is species :i* has come to h& consi/s ( an almo/ complete skull 7,am]ican ,museum ,no4 #bicc1 two portions72 ano!r fragm5t>y skull 7,am]ican ,museum ,no4 #hegb ,g & #hecb ,g72 a portion ( an int]clavicle 7,am]ican ,museum ,no4 #hjjf72 two incomplete v]tebr 7,am]ican ,museum ,no4 #hjjg72 & ano!r fragm5t>y elem5t possibly repres5t+ a scapula ( ?is species 7,am]ican ,museum ,no4 #hjjh74 ,! skull has ess5tially ! %ape outl9$ 7#dfb7 f a /udy ( ! fragm5t>y type specim54 ,! muzzle 0 drawn slightly too broad1 b o!rwise ! re/oration is fairly accurate4 ,! specim5 is di/ort$ & imp]fect1 b en\gh is pres]v$ to give a good idea ( ! %ape & some?+ ( ! /ructure ( ! skull4 ,a portion ( ! obv]se is pres]v$4 ,! back "p ( ! skull is brok51 s t ! occiput c n be /udi$4 ,! l5g? ( ! skull is "o & two-fif?s ! greate/ bread? 7across ! orbits74 ,! cranial elem5ts are deeply m>k$ ) pits & %ort1 %all[ grooves4 ,on ! left m&ible ^! pits are 9 a v di/9ct r[1 ! op]culo-m&ibul> lat]al-l9e4 ,macr]peton deani new species4 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #bicd1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures4 7,plate #ba1 figs4 #a1 #b47 ,! mat]ial = ?is species consi/s ( ! po/]ior half ( ! left m&ible & a portion ( ! "r ant]o-lat]al surface ( ! skull1 bo? incomplete4 ,! reasons = reg>d+ ! species z di/9ct are ! l>ge size ( ! specim5s & ! mann] ( ! sculpture1 z well z ! %ape ( ! po/]ior end ( ! m&ible4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,m&ible ( ,macr]peton deani new species1 f ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 #j4ge4 ,! pres5t species is ! l>ge/ amphibian ( ! ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures1 exce$+ 9 skull l5g? t ( ,macr]peton huxleyi by twice4 ,! l>ge/ skull ( ,macr]peton huxleyi :i* has s f> come "u my notice is #abj mm4 9 m$ian l5g?4 ,!re are #c skulls ( ?is species kn[n1 all ( approximately ! same size4 ,! skull ( ,macr]peton deani mu/ h rea*$ or exce$$ a foot 9 m$ian l5g?4 ,! only species ) :i* x c at all be comp>$ are ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie & ,baphetes planiceps ,ow51 b x is cle>ly di/9ct f all o!r g5]a ( ,l9ton ,amphibia4 ,x is possible t :5 bett] kn[n ,macr]peton1 ,eobaphetes1 ,baphetes1 ,erpetosaurus1 & possibly ,d5dr]peton w =m a natural gr\p ( e>ly labyr9?odont-l ,amphibia4 ,! m&ible is simil> 9 /ructure to t ( ! labyr9?odonts1 ) ! elem5ts m>k$ by radiate flut+s4 ,i c detect no evid5ces ( a lat]al-l9e canal1 su* z is cle>ly m>k$ 9 ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope by a s]ies ( r\nd$ pits1 occupy+ ! usual position ( ! op]culo-m&ibul> lat]al-l9e canal ,! tee?1 ( :i* #f are pres]v$1 are m9utely /riate1 ) smoo? apices4 ,!y are dissimil> 9 size1 %[+ a v>iation ( #b or #c mm4 9 l5g?4 ,! sculpture is a co>se flut+1 ) no indications ( ! %>ply m>k$ pits ( ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope4 ,! fragm5t ( a skull pres]v$ %[s *>act]s ( ! sculpture :i* are id5tical ) ^? ( ! m&ible4 ,! bones are s cru%$ t x is impossible to tell ! limits ( ! elem5ts4 ,i believe a portion ( "o orbit is repres5t$ on "o corn] ( ! block4 ,! cranium appe>s to h be5 broad1 & ! fragm5t pres]v$1 :i* is only ab\t "o-six? ( ! skull1 is l>g] ?an ! entire cranium & m&ibles ( ,macr]peton huxleyi4 ,! specific di/9ctness ( ! =m c n be d\bt$1 al?\gh x is a matt] ( regret t x is f\nd$ on s small a portion ( ! o/eology ( ! animal4 ,! species is propos$ 9 honor ( ,dr4 ,ba%=d ,dean1 to :om ,i am greatly indebt$ = _m k9dnesses dur+ ! pa/ #e ye>s 9 connection ) my /udies on ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! loan ( ! entire ,newb]ry collection ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,amphibia4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,type ( ,macr]peton deani ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( portion pres]v$ #aae ,greate/ wid? #ej ,l5g? ( too? #i ,wid? at base #d ,l5g? ( angul> #ie ,diamet] ( angul> #be ,measurem5ts ( specim5 ,no4 #hece ,g1 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 associat$ ) ! above 9 ! type description3 ,l5g? ( pres]v$ portion #adj ,diamet] ( orbit #bb ,family ,,an?racosaurid ,cope1 #ahge4 ,cope1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,i1 p4 #aj1 #ahge4 ,lydekk]1 ,r41 #ahij1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia & ,amphibia1 p4 #aeg4 ,skull usually triangul> & m or less angulat$1 ) ! cranial sculpture well m>k$1 ! occipital condyles ossifi$1 & ! palat9e =am9a v small & plac$ f> back2 d5t9e ( ! tee? m or less complexly plicat$4 ,a v5tral armor ( elongat$ d]mal scutes1 & probably a scl]otic r+4 ,bodies ( v]tebr fully ossifi$ 9 ! adult2 int]c5tra pres5t or abs5t4 ,accord+ to ,at!y's figure 7#aa7 ( ! skull ( ! type g5us1 ! palat9e be>s tee? :i* are situat$ imm$iately on ! inn] side ( ! maxilla1 z 9 ,ma/odonsaurus 7#bdb74 ,9 ! typical =ms !re is no po/>ticul> process to ! m&ible4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican species ( ?is family are3 ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%1 ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow51 ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson1 ,platy/egos loricatum ,dawson1 ,baphetes planiceps ,ow51 ,baphetes m9or ,dawson4 ,!re is b little assurance t any ( ^! species belong 9 ?is family4 ,!y are put !re provisionally1 p5d+ future discov]ies4 ,huxley sugge/s ! relation%ip ( ,eosaurus & ,an?racosaurus 7,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xix1 #ahfc1 p4 #fe2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 p4 #eff74 ,g5us ,,baphetes ,ow51 #ahed4 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,x1 p4 #bjg1 pl4 ix1 #ahed4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 pp4 #aj-af1 pl4 ii1 #ahfc4 ,type3 ,baphetes planiceps ,ow54 ,kn[n only f an incomplete skull1 :i* is l>ge1 broad] ?an long2 squamosals prolong$ into obtuse horns4 ,tee? r l>ge1 het]odont1 arrang$ 9 a s+le r[4 ,orbits plac$ well =w>d1 frontals small1 surface bones sculptur$4 ,baphetes planiceps ,ow54 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,x1 p4 #bjg1 pl4 ix1 #ahed4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 pp4 #aj-af1 pl4 ii1 #ahfc4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,ne> ,pict\1 ,nova ,scotia 7,coal ,measures74 ,! p>ts pres]v$ include ! premaxill>ies1 nasals1 & portions ( ! frontal1 prefrontal1 & maxill>y bones4 ,! fossil is emb$d$ 9 a mass ( ,pict\ ,coal f ,nova ,scotia & consi/s ( ! ant]ior extremity ( ! cranium 7plate #bb1 fig4 #f7 & ) ! ext]ior surface ( ! bone emb$d$ 9 ! matrix1 & its sub/ance1 = ! mo/ "p1 r$uc$ to a ?9 lay] by abrasion ( ! expos$ inn] lay]4 ,x displays accurately ! cont\r ( ! =e "p ( ! upp] jaw1 :i* 0 broad1 obtuse1 & r\nd$4 ,! premaxill>ies1 :i* %[ "s obscure traces ( a symphysial suture at ! m$ian l9e1 ant]ior to ! nasal or naso-palat9e vacuities1 ext5d outw>ds1 on ea* side1 = an ext5t ( #b4e l9es & !re jo9 ! maxill>ies4 ,traces ( r\nd alveoli = tee?1 "s ( :i* are #b l9es 9 diamet]1 are visible on ! alveol> bord] ( ! premaxill>ies4 ,! alveol> bord] is cont9u$ by ! maxill>y bone = an ext5t ( #d4e in*es beyond ! premaxill>y bord]1 & ?is bord] %[s /ill m di/9ct traces ( alveoli1 ( a circul> =m1 ab\t a l9e 9 diamet] & r close set 9 a s+le s]ies4 ,! =e "p ( ! orbit is v unequivocally display$1 ! smoo? inn] or "u surface ( ! bone =m+ t "p be+ entire2 & ?is %[s ! =e "p ( ! orbit to be =m$1 p>tly by ! maxill>y1 p>tly by ! lacrimal or prefrontal bone 9 close sutural union !re)1 a /ructure :i* does n exi/ 9 any rec5t or fossil fi% ) a d5tig]\s sup]ior maxill>y bone4 ,:]e ! sub/ance ( ! bone has be5 deta*$ s f> z to expose ! ext]nal lay] 9 contact ) ! coal1 z1 e4g41 on ! frontal & "p ( ! prefrontal bones1 ! ext]nal surface ( ^? bones is %[n to h be5 impress$ by subhemisph]ical or elliptical pits1 f #a l9e to #a4e l9es 9 diamet]1 & ) int]vals ( half ( t ext5t4 ,?is co>sely pitt$ "* agrees ) t pres5t$ by ! o!r surface ( ! simil>ly broad & flat cranium ( ! labyr9?odonts4 ,f ! *>act]s above specifi$1 !re=e1 ,i conclude t ?is fossil is ! =e "p ( ! skull ( an ext9ct family ( ! labyr9?odonts4 ,x agrees ) !m 9 ! numb]1 size1 & disposition ( tee?2 9 ! proportions & mode ( connection ( ! premaxill>ies1 maxill>ies1 nasals1 prefrontals1 & frontals1 & 9 ! resultant peculi>ly broad & depress$ "* ( ! skull4 ,! traces ( ! no/rils are less def9ite & satisfactory ?an ! rema9s ( ! orbits1 b ! latt] appe> to be decisive aga9/ ! pisc9e nature ( ! fossil4 ,! fossil also pres5ts ! same well-m>k$ ext]nal sculptur+ z 9 ! labyr9?odonts2 & among ! g5]a t h be5 e/abli%$ 9 t family1 ! =m ( ! end ( ! muzzle1 or upp] jaw1 9 ! ,pict\ coal specim5 be/ accords ) t 9 ! ,capitosaurus & ,metopias ( von ,mey] & ,burmei/] 7#hj74 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,skull ( ,baphetes planiceps ,ow54 7,type 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,london47 mm4 ,approximate m$ian l5g? ( skull #acf ,wid? ( skull across base ( horns #aej ,e/imat$ wid? across tips ( horns #ahf ,wid? ( horn at base #ca ,e/imat$ l5g? ( horn f base #hj ,wid? ( skull across orbits #ig ,diamet] ( orbit #ba ,diamet] ( l>ge too? alveolus #g ,diamet] ( small too? alveolus #b ,pict\ ,coal1 ne> ,pict\1 ,nova ,scotia1 ,canada1 collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,william ,dawson1 #ahej1 & pres5t$ by him to ! ,geological ,society ( ,london4 ,baphetes m9or ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,canadian ,nat4 & ,j\r4 ,sci41 n4 s41 #ahgj1 ,v1 pp4 #ih1 #ii4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum1 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,! species 0 bas$ on a l[] jaw ( an amphibian1 ( :i* a ca/ _h occurr$ 9 ! co>se s&/one ( ! coal =mation betwe5 ,ragg$ ,reef & ! ,jogg9s ,coal ,m9e4 ,x measur$ #f in*es 9 l5g?2 its surface 0 m>k$ on ! l[] & po/]ior "p ) a network ( ridges inclos+ r\nd$ depressions4 ,! ant]ior "p ( ! jaw conta9$ ab\t #af tee?1 "s ( :i* rema9$ 9 ! matrix4 ,^! 7 /\t1 conical & blunt1 ) l>ge pulp cavities1 & ab\t #cb longitud9al /ri1 correspond+ to ! folds ( ! d5t9e4 ,dawson /ates t ?is jaw resembles mo/ closely ^? ( ,baphetes & ,d5dr]peton1 b m especially ! =m]4 ,he reg>d$ x z di/9ct f ,baphetes planiceps1 & propos$ = x ! "n ,baphetes m9or4 ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%4 ,m>%1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#b71 ,,xxxiv1 pp4 #a-af1 pls4 i1 ii1 #ahfb4 ,agassiz1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxiii1 p4 #ach1 #ahfb4 ,m>%1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xix1 pp4 #eb-ef4 ,hay1 ,cat4 ,fossil ,v]tebrates 7,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,no4 #agi1 p4 #dba1 #aijb74 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #afdh1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia 7,coal ,measures74 ,! g5us & species are f\nd$ on two v]tebral bodies ( ! /]eospondyl\s type f ! ,coal ,measures ( ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,m>%'s description 7#djd7 is z foll[s3 ,! g5]al =m ( ! v]tebr is cyl9drical1 b _! sides are compress$ obliquely1 :i* gives to ! cont\r ( ! c5tra a subhexagonal appe>ance4 ,!y are mu* flatt5$ 9 ! direction ( ! ant]o-po/]ior diamet]1 :i* has to ! transv]se diamet] ! proportion ( #a to #c4 ,bo? ! articul> t]m9al facets are deeply & equally concave2 b f ! c5t] to ! m>g9 ! surfaces are convex1 & ?is convexity is greate/ ne> ! c5t]4 99 99 99 ,! cavities = ! reception ( ! int]v]tebral matt] beg9 imm$iately f ! m>g91 & are consid]ably deep] ?an ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! ,i*?yosaurus1 indicat+ a great] degree ( flexibility 9 ! v]tebral column4 ,! m>g9s ( ! v]tebra2 are some:at rais$1 z if !y _h yield$ to a =cible compression appli$ longitud9ally2 & h5ce ! lat]al surfaces ( ! c5t]s are concave 9 an ant]o-po/]ior direction4 ,?is concavity is great] 9 ! upp] half ( ! v]tebra & 0 und\bt$ly m m>k$ orig9ally ?an at pres5t1 s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! m>g9s indicates consid]able abrasion4 ,! non-articul> surfaces ( ! c5tra are smoo? & regul>2 & ! ext]nal fibres ( ! osse\s tissue are s+ul>ly reticulat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,nova ,scotian ,amphibia4 ,a4 ,oblique lat]al view ( v]tebra3 ( ,eosaurus acadianus ,m>%1 a1 pits = articulation ( neuropophyses2 b1 rudim5t>y transv]se process on "r lat]al surface ( c5trum4 ,b4 ,oblique view ( v]tebr1 a1 pits = articulation ( neuropophyses2 b1 rudim5t>y process on lat]al surface4 ,c4 ,po/]ior view ( ne>ly p]fect c5trum4 ,d4 ,transv]se section ( same v]tebra1 %[+ deep concavities ( articul> t]m9al facets4 ,e & ,f4 ,microscopic sections ne> surface1 %[+ lacun arrang$ ar\nd an ,hav]sian canal4 ,magnifi$ #bjj diamet]s4 7,all figures aft] ,m>%4 #j4ge47 ,! neuropophyses are n an*ylos$ to ! c5trum1 z 9 ! mammalia1 nor connect$ to x by sutures1 z 9 ! crocodiles2 b _! union ) ! v]tebra is indicat$ by two pits1 :i* s]v$ = _! articulat+ surfaces4 ,^! depressions are situat$ on ! sup]ior surface ( ! c5trum int]m$iate betwe5 ! ant]ior & po/]ior m>g9s ( ! extremities4 ,!y are circul> 9 =m & s9k directly into ! body ( ! v]tebra2 in/ead ( be+ elongat$ longitud9ally & rais$ by ridges1 z 9 ,i*?yosaurus4 ,! pits are ab\t a l9e 9 dep?1 & 9 ! m p]fect ( ! fossils are n 9 _! orig9al position4 ,! floor ( ! sp9al canal is n>r[1 be+ b #e l9es 9 bread?4 ,a rudim5t>y transv]se process1 or exog5\s tub]cle1 is s5t (f f ea* lat]al surface ( ! c5trum1 at po9ts equidi/ant f ! extremities ( ! v]tical diamet]4 ,_! position is ne> ! m>g9 ( ! ant]ior articul> surface1 & ! edges ( ^! p>apophyses make ! transv]se diamet] ( ?is extremity some:at great] ?an t ( ! correspond+ po/]ior facet4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,m ,p]fect ,v]tebra ( ,eosaurus acadianus 7aft] ,m>%74 mm4 ,transv]se diamet] ( c5trum on ant]ior surface #ei ,same on po/]ior surface #eg ,same includ+ ! p>apophyses #fc ,v]tical diamet] ( ant]ior surface #ed ,ant]opo/]ior diamet] on sup]ior surface #ba ,same on inf]ior surface #ai ,same betwe5 c5t]s ( articul> facets #b4e ,l5g? ( pits = articulation ( neural ar* #g ,bread? ( same #g ,dep? ( same #b ,di/ance betwe5 c5t]s ( same #aa ,same at c5t]s ( p>apophyses #cf ,collect$ by ,o4 ,c4 ,m>% at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,m>% reg>d$ 7#djd7 ! v]tebr z repres5t+ a new type ( i*?yosaurian 7#b71 b !re c be no d\bt t ! v]tebr belong to "s =m ( ! ,amphibia1 s9ce ! description applies equally well to !m4 ,9 ?is connection m5tion mu/ be made ( a l>ge rib f ! ,l9ton b$s pres]v$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,only ! proximal ?ird ( ! rib is pres]v$1 b x repres5ts "s l>ge =m ( ! ,/egocephala4 ,! rib is /rongly curv$ backw>d1 is heavy1 & has an incipi5t tub]cle4 ,a cross-section %[s t a longitud9al groove occupies ! m$ian l9e on ! expos$ surface ( ! rib4 ,?is may1 h[ev]1 be due to compression & ?us indicate t ! rib 0 holl[4 ,! rib z pres]v$ measures3 l5g?1 #ajb mm42 maximum wid?1 #bb mm42 m9imum wid?1 #ad mm4 7,nos4 #ddij1 #ddhi1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum47 ,g5us ,,eobaphetes new "n4 ,type3 ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie4 ,! new "n is propos$ to replace ! g5]ic t]m ,erpetosaurus us$ = ! species ,e4 kans5sis describ$ by ! writ] 7,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #ci1 p4 #dia1 #aiaa71 & :i* lat] 0 f\nd to be preoccupi$ by ,newton 7,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ahe1 p4 #egc1 #ahid ,b74 ,! g5us is v readily di/+ui%$ by two prom95t *>act]s ! %ort1 uni=m d5tition & ! pres5ce ( two elongate1 oval1 int]nal m&ibul> =am9a on ! inn] side ( ! jaw4 ,! g5us may be fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! great dep? ( ! po/]ior portion ( ! jaw & ! sl5d] ant]ior "p1 z well z by ! ornam5tation1 :i* is typically ! r\gh tub]culat$ labyr9?odont sculpture on ! ant]ior end ( ! m&ible4 ,?is *anges gradually to longitud9al grooves & ridges ( a r small size on ! po/]ior portion1 a v unusual arrangem5t = a labyr9?odont4 ,^! *>act]s are su/a9$ by ^? ( ! skull fragm5t1 9 :i* ! d5tition is uni=m & ! sculpture v simil> to t ( ! m&ible4 ,! ribs are long1 curv$1 & solid1 z 9 o!r labyr9?odonts4 ,! int]nal surface ( ! m&ible %[s mu* simil>ity to t ( ! crocodiles & alligators ( ! pres5t day4 ,! resemblance is n due to homology ( /ructures1 b mu/ be reg>d$ z a p>allel developm5t ( simil> *>act]s4 ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie4 ,moodie1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #ci1 pp4 #dia-did1 figs4 #a to #c1 #aiaa 7,erpetosu*us74 ,type3 ,specim5 ,no4 #ffii1 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal ,measures ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,! species is repres5t$ 9 ! collections ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum by a fragm5t ( ! skull1 ) portions ( two ribs 7,cat4 ,no4 #ffii1 ,v]t4 ,pal4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus47 & ! l>g] "p ( ! left ramus ( ! m&ible 7,cat4 ,no4 #ffhj1 ,v]t4 ,pal4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus474 ,! m&ible 0 pres]v$ 9 a l>ge block ( coal :i* conta9$ ! impression ( ! back portion ( ! m&ible f :i* ! bone _h be5 wea!r$4 ,x 0 possible to remove ! bone & make a pla/] ca/ ( ! impression4 ,?is %[s 9 a v satisfactory mann] all ( ! *>act]s ( ! ext]nal surface4 ,skull4--,only a portion ( ! left maxilla1 ) #ad tee?1 & a "p ( ! nasal are pres]v$4 ,! skull seems to h be5 lat]ally cru%$ & ! "r side ( ! skull has be5 cru%$ flat "u ! left4 ,x has n seem$ feasible to remove ! skull f ! matrix4 ,! tee? are uni=m1 r %ort1 bluntly conical1 curv$ backw>d1 & co>sely /riate4 ,!y are some:at cr[d$1 ! bases be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r by only a fraction ( a millimet]4 ,! maxilla & portion ( ! nasal are co>sely sculptur$ ) elongate pits & ridges4 ,a portion ( ! infraorbital lat]al-l9e canal is pres]v$4 ,x is simply a r\nd$ groove ) ?ree %ort bran*es4 ,x lies ne> ! middle ( ! maxilla4 ,m&ible4--,x has be5 possible to /udy bo? sides ( ! m&ible4 ,! left ramus 0 pres]v$ 9 ! coal1 ) its inn] face expos$4 ,?is face is brok5 by two l>ge oval op5+s1 ! int]nal m&ibul> =am9a4 ,?is is ! t]m us$ by ,reynolds = ! op5+s on ! inn] surface ( ! alligator jaw4 ,s f> z ,i c asc]ta91 no o!r kn[n labyr9?odont m&ible displays ?is "* 9 su* a m>k$ degree4 ,dr4 ,branson has figur$ 9 ,anas*isma br[ni ,branson f ! ,triassic 7#di7 ( ,wyom+ ! inn] surface ( ! left ramus1 on :i* !re are likewise two op5+s b diff]5tly situat$4 ,a simil>ity betwe5 ! two m&ibles is obs]v$ 9 t ! suture sep>at+ ! pre>ticul> & angul> t\*es ! po/]ior edge ( ! po/]ior =am54 ,sev]al ( ! sutures are well pres]v$ & !y h be5 indicat$ 9 ! draw+ 7fig4 #db74 ,! pill> sep>at+ ! two =am9a is cut by ! suture sep>at+ ! angul> & pre>ticul> v mu* z 9 ,anas*isma1 ) ! diff]5ce t 9 ! latt] =m ! angul> & pre>ticul> are n approximat$4 ,i believe ,i detect ! suture z repres5t$ sep>at+ ! ant]ior end ( ! angul> f ! d5t>y & spl5ial4 ,i am assur$ ( ! portion ne> ! ant]ior =am5 & also ( ! "p ne> ! tip ( ! ramus4 ,?is %[s ! angul> to be a v elongate elem5t1 runn+ v ne>ly ! entire l5g? ( ! m&ible1 mu* z 9 ,anas*isma & o!r labyr9?odont g5]a4 ,! spl5ial is a small1 sl5d] elem5t locat$ f>!r =w>d1 :]e x has be5 %ov$ by ! l>ge-siz$ int]nal m&ibul> =am9a4 ,! pre>ticul> is a r long1 broad elem5t1 ( :i* only a portion is pres]v$4 ,i am n sure z to ! location ( ! suture = ! d5t>y1 unless x is repres5t$ by ! l9e b\nd+ ! r\gh5$ area ne> ! tee?4 ,if ?is is true1 ! d5t>y is a l>ge elem5t1 s9ce x ext5ds well d[n ^u ! out] side ( ! jaw4 ,! d5t>y possesses evid5ces ( #bf tee?1 a few ( :i* are completely pres]v$4 ,mo/ ( !m are1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ ei!r by bases or by impressions 9 ! coal4 ,! tee? are v simil> to ^? ( ! maxilla1 ?\gh slightly l>g]4 ,! *>act]s giv5 = ! maxill>y tee? w suffice = ^? ( ! d5t>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,a4 ,out] view ( m&ible ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 #j4cc4 ,cat4 ,no4 #ffhj4 a1 angul>2 r1 articul>2 d1 d5t>y4 ,b4 ,portion ( skull ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,orig9al 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,cat4 ,no4 #ffii4 #j4cc4 ,lat]al-l9e canal repres5t$ by heavy brok5 l9e1 n1 nasal2 m1 maxilla4 ,c4 ,inn] surface ( m&ible ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 #j4cc4 a1 angul>2 p1 pre>ticul>2 r1 articul>2 s1 spl5ial4 ,! m>k+s ( ! inn] surface are z indicat$ 9 ! draw+4 ,! back portion ( ! angul> %[s a few radiat+ l9es4 ,! d5t>y is r\gh5$ 9 two portions3 "o ne> ! tee?1 ! o!r at ! tip1 :]e !re is a c>tilag9\s r\gh5+ = union ) its mate4 ,! rema9d] ( ! inn] surface is relatively smoo?4 ,! out] surface %[s at ! ant]ior end ! typical labyr9?odont sculptur+1 :i* becomes slight grooves & ridges po/]iorly4 ,i detect evid5ces ( ! op]culo-m&ibul> lat]al-l9e canal ?r\gh\t ! entire l5g? ( ! m&ible4 ,its location is indicat$ by ! heavy brok5 l9e4 ,! suture betwe5 ! d5t>y & angul> is q cle>4 ,! suture sep>at+ ! d5t>y & spl5ial jo9s ! angul> suture ab\t midway ( ! l5g? ( ! jaw4 ,measurem5ts ( ,skull ,fragm5t ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie4 7,cat4 ,no4 #ffii1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus47 mm4 ,total l5g? ( portion pres]v$ #aji ,maximum wid? ( maxilla #de ,?ickness ( maxilla #g ,l5g? ( too? #aj ,wid? ( too? at base #d ,measurem5ts ( ,left ,ramus ( ,m&ible ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie4 7,cat4 ,no4 #ffhj1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mas47 mm4 ,total l5g? ( jaw1 z pres]v$ #cje ,greate/ wid? #gi ,lea/ wid? #bd ,l5g? ( angul> #acb ,wid? ( angul> #de ,l5g? ( l>ge/ too? #aj ,wid? ( l>ge/ too? at base #f ,l5g? ( mo/ po/]ior too? #f ,wid? ( mo/ po/]ior too? at base #d ,l5g? ( ant]ior int]nal m&ibul> =am5 #ef ,greate/ wid? #ae ,lea/ wid? #g ,l5g? ( po/]ior int]nal m&ibul> =am5 #gg ,greate/ wid? #bh ,lea/ wid? #ad ,l5g? ( bridge #af ,wid? ( bridge #h ,ribs4--,!re are portions ( two dorsal ribs pres]v$ on ! block ( coal ) ! skull4 ,^! %[ *>act]s v simil> to ^? exhibit$ by ! rib ascrib$ to ,macr]peton huxleyi ,cope1 & also ^? ( ,metoposaurus diagno/icus von ,mey] 7#bdb7 & ,anas*isma4 ,! ribs are solid1 heavy1 curv$1 & h a longitud9al groove on ! middle ( ea* side4 ,! heads ( ! ribs 9 ! pres5t specim5 are obscur$ & no?+ c be said ( !m except t !y appe> to be l>ge4 ,measurem5ts ( ,ribs ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie4 mm4 ,l5g? ( pres]v$ portion #acj ,wid? at di/al end #ah ,?ickness ( rib #e ,g5us ,,d5dr]peton ,ow51 #ahec4 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,ix1 p4 #ff1 #ahec4 ,type3 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow54 ,! g5us is *>act]iz$ by ,dawson z foll[s 7,phil4 ,trans41 #ahhb1 p4 #fce73 ,liz>d-l1 ) ant]ior & po/]ior extremities ne>ly equal2 ! skull some:at elongate ) small orbits1 & ! no/rils plac$ at ! front4 ,! cranial bones sculptur$4 ,! tee? plicat$ at ! base1 m especially on _! inn] sides4 ,a s]ies ( l>ge tee? on ! palate4 ,! body 0 cov]$ above ) imbricat$ horny scales & _h lappets or p5dants at ! sides4 ,! abdom5 0 protect$ by ?9 bony scales semi-elliptical or oat-%ap$ 9 =m1 & arrang$ 9 a *evron patt]n4 ,!re 0 probably also a ?oracic plate4 ,two species3 ,d4 acadianum & ,d4 ow5i4 ,type3 ,d4 acadianum ,ow54 ,d5dr]peton acadianum ,ow54 ,ow51 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,ix1 p4 #ff1 #ahec4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #ag1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 #c;d ed41 p4 #cfb4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fdb1 pl4 #dj1 figs4 #df to #ea2 pl4 #dd1 figs4 #abi to #acg4 #ahhb4 ,type3 ,specim5s ,nos4 #dcd-dch1 ,briti% ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,horizon & locality3 ,coal =mation at ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 7,plate #f47 ,?is species has be5 fully describ$ & figur$ by ,dawson 7,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 pp4 #ag-cj1 pl4 ,,iii1 figs4 #a to #cj1 #ahfc71 :o gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( ! mat]ial ( ?is species by himself & ,sir ,*>les ,lyell4 ,he says1 9 "p3 ,9 =m1 ,d5dr]peton acadianum 0 probably liz>d-l2 ) a broad flat head1 %ort1 /\t limbs & an elongat$ tail2 & hav+ its sk91 & m p>ticul>ly t ( ! belly1 protect$ by small bony plates closely ov]lapp+ ea* o!r4 ,x may h atta9$ ! l5g? ( #b feet4 ,! =m ( ! head is n unlike t ( ,baphetes1 b long] 9 proportion2 & mu* resembles t ( ! labyr9?odont reptiles ( ! ,trias4 ,! bones ( ! skull are sculptur$ z 9 ,baphetes1 b 9 a small] patt]n4 ,! no/rils are small1 & ne> ! muzzle2 ! orbits are circul>1 & sep>at$ by a space ( m ?an _! own diamet]4 ,9 ! upp] jaw !re is a s]ies ( conical tee? on ! maxill>y & int]maxill>y bones4 ,^? on ! int]maxill>ies are mu* l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & h ! aspect ( can9es or tusks4 ,)9 ?is out] s]ies ( tee?1 b implant$ app>5tly 9 ! same bones1 !re is z 9 ,ar*egosaurus a second s]ies ( tee?1 closely plac$1 or ) int]vals equal to ! diamet] ( "o too?4 ,^! inn] tee? are long] ?an ! o!rs1 implant$ 9 %all[ sockets1 to :i* !y are an*ylos$1 & h ! d5t9e plicat$1 except t[>d ! po9t4 ,a ?ird gr\p ( tee?1 blunt at ! po9ts1 l>gely holl[ 9 ! int]ior1 & ) ! d5t9e q simple1 appe>s 9 deta*$ bones1 :i* may repres5t ! vom]4 ,only a "p ( ?is =midable armature ( ! tee? appe>s 9 ! skull1 z ! bones ( ! ro( ( ! m\? h be5 remov$1 adh]+ to ! opposite side ( ! matrix2 b ! fact ( ! occurr5ce ( two sets ( tee? 0 asc]ta9$ by ,pr(essor ,wyman1 f ! orig9al specim5s1 & is manife/ 9 ! fragm5t 99 99 99 :ile ! o!r tee?1 suppos$ to be vom]9e1 appe> 9 fragm5ts :i* mu/1 f _! size & collocation1 h belong$ to ,d5dr]peton4 ,x w be obs]v$ t all ( ^! tee? are an*ylos$ to ! bone2 & t ^? ( ! vom] are ?9ly wall$ & simple1 ! out] s]ies on ! maxill>ies & int]maxill>ies simple & flatt5$1 :ile ! inn] s]ies ( tee? are conical & plicat$4 ,9 ! l[] jaw !re 0 a uni=m s]ies ( conical tee?1 n p]ceptibly enl>g$ t[>d ! front2 at lea/ ?is is ! case 9 ! only specim5 at pres5t 9 my collection2 :i* is1 h[ev]1 m]ely an imp]fect ca/ 9 h>d s&/one4 ,! scapul> & /]nal bones seem to h be5 well develop$ & /rong1 b only portions ( !m are kn[n4 ,! =e limb ( ! adult animal1 includ+ ! toes1 mu/ h be5 #d or #e in*es 9 l5g?1 & is ( massive proportions4 ,! bones are holl[1 & 9 ! case ( ! phalanges ! bony walls 7 ?91 s t !y are (t5 f\nd cru%$ flat4 ,! hum]us1 h[ev]1 0 a /rong bone1 ) ?ick walls & a cancellat$ /ructure t[>d its extremities2 /ill1 ev5 ^! h sometimes yield$ to ! great pressure to :i* !y h be5 subject$4 ,! cavity ( ! int]ior ( ! limb-bones is usually fill$ ) calc-sp> /a9$ ) organic matt]1 b %[+ no /ructure2 & ! inn] side ( ! bony wall is smoo?1 )\t any indications ( c>tilag9\s matt] l9+ x4 ,! v]tebr1 9 ! ext]nal aspect ( _! bodies1 rem9d "o ( ^? ( fi%es1 exp&+ t[>d ! extremities1 & be+ deeply holl[$ by conical cavities1 :i* appe> ev5 to meet 9 ! c5t]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a l>ge & flatt5$ neural sp9e4 ,! v]tebr are usually mu* cru%$1 & x is almo/ impossible to dis5gage !m f ! /one4 99 99 99 9 its long neural & hmal sp9es1 rem9ds u ( ! caudal v]tebr ( ^? batra*ians & reptiles :i* h tails flatt5$ = swimm+1 & probably indicates t ?is 0 ! case ) ,d5dr]peton4 ,! ribs are long & curv$1 ) an exp&$ head1 ne> to :i* !y are solid1 b become holl[ t[>d ! middle2 & ! di/al extremities are flatt5$ & ?9-wall$4 ,! po/]ior seems to h be5 n l>g] ?an ! ant]ior1 p]haps small]4 ,! tibia is mu* flatt5$ at ! extremity1 z 9 "s labyr9?odonts1 & ! foot mu/ h be5 broad1 & probably suit$ = swimm+ or walk+ on s(t mud1 or bo?4 ,t ! h9d limb 0 adapt$ = walk+ is %[n n m]ely by ! =m ( ! bones1 b also by t ( ! pelvis1 ! be/ pres]v$ specim5 ( :i* ,i h repres5t$ 7#bjh1 pl4 ,,iii1 fig4 #bh74 ,! ext]nal scales are ?91 oblique-rhomboidal or elongat$-oval1 m>k$ ) slight conc5tric l9es1 b o!rwise smoo?1 & hav+ a ?ick5$ ridge or m>g92 9 :i* !y resemble ^? ( ,ar*egosaurus1 & also ^? ( ,pholidoga/]4 99 99 99 ,! microscopic /ructure ( ! scales is q simil> to t ( ! o!r bones1 & diff]5t f t ( ! scales ( ganoid fi%es 99 99 99 4 _/ ,d5dr]peton ow5i ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xviii1 p4 #dfj4 ,dawson1 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #cb1 #ahfc4 ,dawson1 ,acadian ,geology1 #c;d ed41 p4 #cfh4 ,dawson1 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 pt4 ,,ii1 p4 #fdc1 pl4 #dd1 figs4 #aca1 #ach1 #aci1 #ahhb4 ,a small] species ?an ! prec$+4 ,! =m 7plate #ac7 is fully describ$ by ,dawson 7,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod1 p4 #cb1 pl4 ,,iv1 #ahfc7 z foll[s3 ,among ! reptilian rema9s f\nd 9 erect trees at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 !re h occurr$ sev]al portions ( skeletons :i*1 f _! sculptural cranial bones1 plicat$ tee?1 & ! =ms ( _! scales & limb-bones1 ,i h ref]r$ to ! g5us ,d5dr]peton1 b to individuals ( mu* small] size ?an ! full-gr[n specim5s ( ,d4 acadianum4 ,x did n occur to me to suppose t ^! 7 specifically di/9ct f ! l>g] individuals1 until ,i obs]v$ t bones ( ?is k9d1 conta9$ 9 ! collections s5t by me to ! ,geological ,society1 or repres5t$ 9 ! figures drawn to illu/rate "o ( my pap]s1 7 ref]r$ by ,pr(essor ,ow51 9 8 notes on ^! specim5s & figures1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,geological ,society1 to ! g5us ,hylonomus2 :i* is q di/9ct f ,d5dr]peton1 z w be expla9$ 9 sequel4 ,i 0 ?us induc$ to reexam9e all ! specim5s 9 my collection & ! result has be5 to e/abli% a /rong probability t !re is 9 reality a second species ( ,d5dr]peton1 small] ?an ,d4 acadianum1 & diff]+ f x 9 sev]al po9ts4 ,?is species ,i propose to "n ,d4 ow5i4 ,x diff]s f ,d4 acadianum 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 7i7 its mu* small] size2 7#b7 its long & hook$ tee? 7x w be se5 t ^! tee? diff] v m>k$ly 9 _! proportions & =m f ^? ( ! l>g] species727#c7 ! great] plication ( ! ivory 9 ! int]maxill>y tee? 79 ,d4 acadianum ^! tee? are1 on ! outside1 simple almo/ to ! base1 & plicat$ on ! inn] side1 :ile 9 ?is species !y are plicat$ all ar\nd l ! inn] maxill>y tee?727#d7 ! =m ( ! skull1 :i* has ! orbits l>g] 9 proportion1 & is also %ort] & broad]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 we h describ$ ! species ,hylonomus1 x w be se5 t ?is animal1 except 9 size1 diff]s f !m q z widely z does ,d4 acadianum4 ,! di/9ctness ( ,d4 ow5i is fur!r confirm$ by ! fact t ,i possess small jaw-bones ( ,d5dr]peton1 ab\t ! size ( ^? ( ?is species1 b hav+ ! tee? simil> 9 =m to ^? ( ! l>g] species2 ^! ,i suppose to h belong$ to "y individuals4 ,on exam9+ ! figures 7#bjh1 pl4 ,,iv7 x w be se5 t ! bones ( ! skull 7 corrugat$ z 9 ! l>ge ,d5dr]peton1 b ) a small] patt]n4 ,! =ms ( ! jaw-bones also1 & ( ! v]tebr1 ribs1 scapul> bone1 bones ( ! limbs1 & bony scales1 are v simil>1 & indicate t 9 g5]al =m ?is creature 0 n f> remov$ f its l>g] relative4 ,! bones ( ! foot especially des]ve att5tion4 ,?is is ! mo/ p]fect foot ( ,d5dr]peton hi!rto f\nd2 & ,i h enl>g$ x 9 ! figure 7#bjh7 9 ord] m di/9ctly to %[ its p>ts4 ,x pres5ts ?ree long toes ) traces ( a small] "o at ea* side1 s t !re 7 probably five 9 all4 ,if ^! toes be comp>$ ) ! footpr9ts on ! slab discov]$ by ,dr4 ,h>d+1 x w be se5 t !y v closely correspond1 ?\gh ! toes ( ! pres5t species are mu* small]4 ,! footpr9ts are precisely ^? :i* we may suppose an animal ( ! size ( ,d5dr]peton acadianum w\ld h made if1 z ! bones f\nd r5d] 9 e way probable1 ?is l>g] species _h a foot simil> to t ( ,d4 ow5i4 ,i suppose1 = ?is reason1 t ^! footpr9ts are really ^? ( ,d5dr]peton acadianum & t ?is species cont9u$ to exi/ f ! "t ( ! l[] ,coal ,measures to ! p]iod :5 ^? high] b$s ( ! s]ies1 9 :i* its bones are f\nd at ! ,jogg9s1 7 deposit$4 ,! pres5t species mu/ h liv$ 9 ! same places ) its l>g] relative1 b may h diff]$ some:at 9 its habits4 ,its long] & %>p] tee? may h be5 bett] suit$ = dev\r+ worms1 l>v1 or s(t-sk9n$ fi%es1 :ile ^? ( ! l>g] ,d5dr]peton 7 bett] adapt$ to deal ) ! mail$ ganoids ( ! p]iod1 or ) ^? small] reptiles :i* 7 m or less protect$ ) bony or horny scales4 ,,rema9s ,,( ,,sk9 ,,& ,,horny ,,scales4 ,9 "o ( my e>lie/ explorations ( ! reptile-be>+ /umps ( ! ,jogg9s1 ,i obs]v$ on "s ( ! surfaces pat*es ( a %9+ black sub/ance1 :i* on m9ute exam9ation prov$ to be ! rema9s ( cuticle1 ) horny scales & o!r app5dages4 ,! fragm5ts 7 pres]v$2 b ,i f\nd x impossible to det]m9e ) c]ta9ty to :i* ( ! species ^: bones occur ) !m !y belong$1 or ev5 to asc]ta9 ! precise relations ( ! sev]al fragm5ts to ea* o!r4 ,i !re=e m]ely m5tion$ !m 9 g5]al t]ms1 & /at$ my belief t !y may h belong$ to ! species ( ,hylonomus4,e ,m rec5tly o!r specim5s h be5 obta9$1 & ,i h und]tak5 ! detail$ exam9ation ( ! :ole4 ,i %all n[ endeavor to describe ! pr9cipal or mo/ cont9u\s fragm5ts1 & aft]w>d to consid] ! probabilities ( _! hav+ belong$ to c]ta9 ( ! reptiles entomb$ ) !m4 ,i d ?is "h1 r ?an "u ! titles ( ^! sev]al animals1 on acc\nt ( ! unc]ta9ty :i* /ill re/s on ! assignm5t ( c]ta9 portions ( ?is cuticle to ! species 9 "q1 & :i* r5d]s x m conv5i5t to consid] ^! peculi> rema9s 9 "o place & to comp>e ! diff]5t portions ) ea* o!r4 ,footnote ,e3 ,j\rnal ( ,geological ,society1 vol4 ,,xvi4 7#a7 ,"o ( my specim5s is a flatt5$ portion ( cuticle #b4be in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! great] "p ( ! surface is smoo? & %9+ to ! nak$ eye1 & "u ! microscope %[s only a m9ute granulation4 ,a limit$ portion ( ! upp] &1 ,i suppose1 ant]ior "p is cov]$ ) imbricat$ scales1 :i* mu/ h be5 membran\s or horny & g5]ally h a small spot or pore ne> ! out] m>g91 "s hav+ 9 addition small] scales or po9ts on _! surfaces4 ,9 contact ) ! upp] "p ( ?is specim5 !re 7 _m fragm5ts ( ! skull ( ,d5dr]peton ow5i4 7#b7 ,ano!r portion ( ! cuticle1 simil>ly m>k$1 appe>s to pres]ve ! =m ( ! po/]ior "p ( ! body & tail ( ! animal1 & also a m>k repres5t+ ! po9t ( atta*m5t ( ! h9d leg2 ne> to :i*1 & along ! dorsal ridge1 is a portion ( ! sk9 cov]$ ) mu* small] scales4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 close proximity to a mass ( bones ( ,d5dr]peton ow5i1 m+l$ ) "s ( ,hylonomus lyelli4 7#c7 ,a ?ird & /ill l>g] surface ( integum5t ) simil> m>k+s has ^u x a numb] ( v]tebr & deta*$ bones ( ! small reptile ,hylonomus wymani1 to be describ$ 9 ! sequel2 = :i* species1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be mu* too l>ge a cov]+4 7#d7 ,ano!r well-pres]v$ fragm5t1 less ?an #b in*es 9 l5g?1 exhibits v diff]5t m>k+s4 ,x is ne>ly cov]$ ) v small imbricat$ scales1 ?ick] ?an ^? on ! specim5s previ\sly describ$4 ,on ei!r side ( :at seems to h be5 ! middle l9e ( ! back1 !re is a s]ies ( po9t$ flat horny processes1 :i* probably =m$ a d\ble sp9\s cre/4 ,)\t ^! !re are tufts ( /rong bri/les1 & ext]iorly to ^! la/ are r[s ( flat1 ?ick1 horny plates1 transv]sely wr9kl$4 ,ne> to ^! 0 a r[ ( conical truncat$ tub]cles4 ,sections ( ^! app5dages %[ !m to h be5 horny & atta*$ to ! cuticle4 ,none ( !m h bony /ructure4 7#e7 ,ne> ?is la/ portion ( cuticle1 & possibly belong+ to x1 are po9t$ & probably membran\s app5dages1 m>k$ on ea* side ) r[s ( scales n ov]lapp+ & ea* ) a pore 9 its c5t]4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! app5dages are b5t & wr9kl$ %[s t !y mu/ h be5 s(t1 except at ! tips1 :i* seem to h be5 h>d & horny1 & !y are arrang$ 9 s]ies1 z if orig9ally plac$ along ! sides ( ! neck or abdom51 or bo?4 ,! use ( ^! app5dages is n easy to conjecture4 ,!y rem9d u ( ! gul> p\*es ( iguana1 & ( ! lat]al expansions ( "s geckos & ( ! ,draco volans4 ,possibly !y =m$ lat]al p>a*utes1 aid+ ! animal 9 mov+ ov] s(t mud1 or p]haps 9 leap+ & swimm+4 7#f7 ,"s o!r fragm5ts appe> to h belong$ to a diff]5t species f ei!r ( ! =ego+4 ,! be/ pres]v$ specim51 :i* is ab\t #a in* 9 l5g? & half an in* 9 bread?1 is cov]$ ) v small imbricat$ scales4 ,x is cross$ by #f or #g obscure ridges1 :i* bo? at ! bottom & along a mesial l9e project into po9ts cov]$ ) l>g] scales4 ,a r[ ( l>ge scales ) r\nd pores connects ^! along ! l[] side4 ,if1 z seems probable1 ?is fragm5t belong$ to ! side ( ! trunk or tail1 x w\ld p]haps indicate a division ( ! subcutane\s muscles into an upp] & l[] b&1 z 9 ! newts4 ,a sep>ate fragm5t ) transv]se horny ridges & ano!r ) a long] lobe1 simil> 9 /ructure to ^? above m5tion$1 may p]haps be ref]r$ to ! same animal4 ,a l>g] pat* ( sk9 pres5ts simil> imbricat$ scales1 b )\t a mesial l9e1 & ) an edg+ ( l>g] scales4 ,six species ( reptiles h left _! bones 9 ! repositories conta9+ ^! remnants ( cuticle4 ,( ^!1 ,d5dr]peton acadianum1 0 an animal ( too great size to h be5 clo!d ) integum5t ( ?is "* & ( su* dim5sions4 ,hylonomus aci$5tatus & ,hyl]peton dawsoni are ea* repres5t$ by only a s+le specim51 & ^! did n occur 9 proximity to any ( ! portions ( cuticle1 except t ! app5dages 7 f\nd ne> a specim5 ( ! =m]4 ,( ! ?ree rema9+ species1 ,d5dr]peton ow5i1 f its size1 ! numb] ( specim5s f\nd1 & ! juxtaposition ( _! bones to ! fragm5ts ( cuticle1 appe>s to h ! be/ claim to ! integum5t includ$ "u ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c2 & 9 ?is case1 :ile ! creature _h its ?roat1 & p]haps its abdom51 arm$ ) bony scales1 its upp] p>ts & tail1 z well z its limbs1 _h a uni=m cov]+ ( small1 ?9 imbricat$ horny scales1 9 ! mann] ( _m mod]n reptiles4 ,if ! rema9+ portions ( integum5t1 ,nos4 #d & #e1 z w\ld seem likely1 belong$ to two species1 bo? ( small] dim5sions1 !re w\ld seem little reason to d\bt t ^! 7 ,hylonomus lyelli & ,h4 wymani4 ,9 ?is case1 bo? ( ^! species mu/ h possess$ a highly ornate cov]+ ( horny scales & app5dages1 comp>able ) t ( _m ( ! mod]n liz>ds1 :ile !re seems good reason to believe1 z /at$ 9 a previ\s pap]1 t !y 7 9 "p protect$ by bony scales some:at l ^? ( ,d5dr]peton4 ,^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 we %all consid] m 9 detail "u ! sections :i* ref] to ! species ( ,hylonomus4 ,be=e leav+ ^! curi\s specim5s ( anci5t sk91 ! mo/ anci5t ,i suppose kn[n to exi/1 x is ( int]e/ to obs]ve t ! ?ick] portions1 :5 brok5 across1 h ! aspect ( jet1 or ( pure %9+ coal1 & ?9 slices1 "u ! microscope1 h ! same ri* br[n col\r ) t mat]ial1 ?\gh r m transluc5t4 ,:5 burn$1 fragm5ts ( ! sub/ance give a /rong flame1 & a bitum9\s & ammoniacal od\r4 ,we h ?us an example ( ! production ( coal f animal membrane1 no d\bt gelat9\s & horny 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b :i* has prov$ itself capable ( ! same *emical *anges t h be5 exp]i5c$ by ! vegetable matt] buri$ ) x4 ,9 ord] t ?is sub/ance %\ld be pres]v$ 9 ?is way1 x w\ld be necess>y t x %\ld ei!r be kept dry & h>d1 or t x %\ld be imm$iately buri$ 9 matt] imp]vi\s to air & kept moi/4 ,! latt] conditions are ! m probable4 ,! pres]vative qualities ( ! peaty vegetable matt] imb$d$ ) x mu/ be consid]$2 & x is possible t ^! holl[ /umps1 p>tly fill$ ) fragm5ts ( ,sigill>ia b>k1 may h =m$ natural tan-pits1 9 :i* animal membranes w\ld be pres]v$ 9 a mann] impossible 9 ord9>y s$im5ts4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 we may yet f9d an entire reptile1 pres]v$ z a flatt5$ mummy1 9 "o ( ^! /range repositories4 ,g5us ,,platy/egos ,dawson1 #ahie4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 #ahie1 ,,xii1 p4 #gg 7sec4 ,,iv74 ,type3 ,platy/egos loricatum ,dawson4 ,dawson's description is z foll[s3 ,head broad & %ort1 orbits v l>ge1 cranial bones deeply sculptur$2 tee? /rongly plicat$ & curv$1 ) %>p edges at apices1 especially ! inn] palatal tee?1 :i* are v l>ge4 ,_m m9ute tee? on ! vom]9e bones2 v]tebr ossifi$1 biconcave2 limb bones imp]fectly ossifi$1 %ort2 l[] surface protect$ ) a ?oracic plate & ?ick1 d5sely imbricat$ bony scales 9 transv]se r[s2 body above ) ?91 r\nd scales1 conc5trically m>k$4 ,platy/egos loricatum ,dawson4 ,dawson1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,,xii1 p4 #gg1 #ahie4 ,dawson describes ! species3 ,head ab\t #h cm4 long2 :5 flatt5$ #i cm4 broad across p>ietal =am52 squamosal & temporal bones project+ backw>ds 9 po9ts mu* beh9d ! condyles2 p>ietal =am5 small1 orbits l>ge2 l5g? ( longe/ too? se5 #g mm42 cranial bones closely & deeply pitt$2 hum]us ) v ?9 bony walls1 c>tilag9\s )91 #c4e cm4 long4 ,erect tree1 coal =mation1 at ! ,s\? ,jogg9s2 collect$ by ,p4 ,w4 ,mc,naughton4 ,type 9 ,pet] ,r$pa? ,museum at ,mc,gill ,univ]sity4 ,dawson reg>d$ ! =m z ( unc]ta9 relation%ip4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,/]eospondyl\s ,,amphibia ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,/]eospondylia ,,zittel1 #ahhg4 ,zittel1 ,h&bu* d] ,paleontologie1 ,bd4 ,,iii1 ,ab?4 #a1 p4 #cig1 #ahhg4 ,l>ge t]re/rial v]tebrates2 l>ge/ ( ! class4 ,skull equal to "o-f\r? or "o-?ird ( ! entire body 9 at lea/ "o species1 ,metoposaurus diagno/icus von ,mey] 7#bdb74 ,lat]al-l9e canals always pres5t 7#deh7 on ! skulls z deeply impress$ grooves :i*1 9 life1 7 possibly ro($-ov] by a c>tilag9\s or o!r connective-tissue membrane4 ,! s5sory organs und\bt$ly be+ suppli$ by ! sup]ficial oph?almic bran* ( ! trigem9al n]ve1 bran*es ( :i* pi]c$ ! cranial elem5ts ne> ! grooves1 no evid5ce ( su* op5+s 9 ! bottoms ( ! grooves2 ! condition probably be+ analog\s to ,hydrolagus colei & o!r *imroids4 ,v]tebr /]eospondyl\s1 ) well-develop$ neural ar*es f :i* project$ ! well-develop$ zygapophyses1 sometimes slightly amphicl\s & pi]c$ = ! noto*ord1 su* =ms be+ unc]ta9ly plac$ 9 ! gr\p4 ,tail unkn[n1 possibly %ort4 ,limbs & girdles well develop$ 7#bdc71 phalangeal =mula unkn[n2 c>pus osse\s & t>sus unkn[n4 ,pectoral girdle compos$ ( osse\s scapul1 clavicles1 int]clavicle1 coracoid 7872 clavicles & int]clavicle v5trally sculptur$4 ,pelvic girdle compos$ ( osse\s pubis1 is*ium1 & ilium 7#bdb71 ! pubis a small plate1 9 life l>gely c>tilag9\s1 ! ?ree unit+ by c>tilag9\s union to =m ! acetabulum4 ,v5tral armature unkn[n1 possibly want+4 ,range3 ,p5nsylvanian to ,upp] ,triassic4 ,di/ribution3 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,au/ralia4 ,family ,,ma/odonsaurid ,huxley1 #ahfc4 ,huxley1 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xix1 p4 #fe1 #ahfc4 ,lydekk]1 ,r41 ,cat4 ,fossil ,reptilia ,amphibia1 pt4 ,,iv1 p4 #ada1 #ahij4 ,skull triangul>1 & m or less elongat$1 ) ! cranial bones v /rongly sculptur$1 ! occipital condyles ossifi$ 7#di71 & l>ge palatal vacuities2 d5t9e ( tee? ) v complex plications 7#ejb72 no bony r+s 7#bdb7 9 scl]otic2 & no v5tral scutes4 ,bodies ( v]tebr 7#di7 fully ossifi$ 9 ! adult4 ,!re are l>ge palato-vom]9e tusks on ! inn] side ( ! maxill>y tee?2 & ! palat9es run p>allel to ! maxilla4 ,! m&ible has a l>ge po/>ticul> process2 & !re is a small inn] s]ies ( m&ibul> tee?4 ,9 ! type g5us ! pubes are sep>ate f ! is*ia1 & d n ent] into ! =mation ( ! acetabulum2 & ! sacral ribs =m kidney-%ap$ disks 7#cic74 ,repres5t$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica by a s+le too? f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,kansas4 ,describ$ by ,willi/on z ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 7,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 ,,vi1 pp4 #bji-baj1 pl4 ,,xxi74 ,repres5t$ 9 ! ,triassic ( ,wyom+ by ,anas*isma br[ni1 ,branson 7#di74 ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 indet4 ,willi/on1 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 ,,vi1 p4 #bji1 #ahig4 ,! specim5 pres]v$ comprises ! entire cr[n ( a s+le vom]9e 787 too?1 #ch mm4 9 l5g? by #ad mm4 9 diamet] at base 7pl4 #ba1 fig4 #f74 ,! imm$iate tip _h be5 p>tly worn away 9 life1 b 0 acum9ate4 ,x is compos$ ( a d5se blacki% mat]ial1 ) ! ext]ior smoo?1 %9+ black4 ,x has ab\t #bj n>r[ flut+s1 ne>ly /raight1 runn+ f ! base to ! tip1 sep>at+ %all[ grooves4 ,a transv]se section ( ! base %[s a n>r[ pulp-cavity n m ?an #e mm4 9 diamet] :i* ext5ds 9 ab\t ! same proportional wid? to beyond ! middle ( ! too?1 & 9 all probability to ne> ! apex4 ,! cross-section ( ! too? ?r\gh\t is ne>ly or q circul>4 ,a hemisection ( ! too? 0 made ne> ! middle1 %[+ a /ructure mo/ rem>kably l t ( ,ma/odonsaurus2 s ne>ly alike1 9 fact1 t !re is no diff]5ce f ! l>ge figure giv5 by ,ow5 ( a section ( ,ma/odonsaurus 7#ejb74 ,! discov]y ( ?is too? 9 ! ,kansas ,coal ,measures is ( great int]e/1 prov+1 z x does1 ! pres5ce ( true labyr9?odonts f a l[] horizon ?an else:]e record$4 ,! discov]y ( ,eobaphetes kans5sis ,moodie 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty 7#dgc7 w\ld seem to indicate ano!r labyr9?odont4 ,! too? f ,l\isville 0 possibly n ! fir/ evid5ce ( labyr9?odonts 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 s9ce ! discov]y by ,m>% ( ,eosaurus acadianus f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia1 possibly a memb] ( ! ,/]eospondylia1 ant$ates ?is discov]y #cj ye>s4 ,! specim5 is pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum at ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas4 ,,amphibian ,,footpr9ts ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures4 ,footpr9ts may be said to be fairly common 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,especial att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! classification ( ^! objects by ,g4 ,f4 ,mat!w 7#djh-dac71 ,dawson 7#bjh-baj7 & o!rs4 ,hay 7#cag1 pp4 #ech-eec7 has giv5 a catalogue ( all ! species describ$ f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$ = fur!r in=mation 9 reg>d to ^! int]e/+ evid5ces ( =m] animal activities4 ,! writ] has n be5 int]e/$ 9 ! taxonomy ( footpr9ts1 b has /udi$ su* z h come to 8 notice 7#dfe74 ,a description ( ! species ,dromopus agilis ,m>% 7fig4 #dc7 is giv5 "h1 because !re is a l>ge slab 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,museum :i* has n be5 figur$4 ,s9ce ! *ief int]e/ 9 ! pres5t contribution is morphology1 footpr9ts are ?us scantily dealt )4 ,leidy 7#cgd71 ,dawson 7#bjg71 ,moodie 7#dfe1 pl4 ,,lxiv1 fig4 #a7 & o!rs h giv5 v>i\s brief descriptions ( ,coal ,measures footpr9ts1 probably all ( :i* are evid5ces ( ,amphibia :i* are o!rwise unkn[n4 ,dromopus agilis ,m>%4 ,m>%1 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#c71 ,,xlviii1 p4 #hb1 pl4 ii1 fig4 #c2 pl4 iii1 fig4 #c1 #ahid4 ,hay1 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 ,no4 #agi1 p4 #edc1 #aijb4 ,type3 ,specim5 9 ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,museum4 ,horizon & locality3 ,osage lime/one 7,coal ,measures71 ne> ,osage ,city1 ,kansas4 ,9 #ahid ,pr(essor ,m>% describ$ a collection ( footpr9ts :i* he _h secur$ f ,pr(essor ,b4 ,f4 ,mudge1 ( ,manhattan1 ,kansas1 :o _h collect$ !m 9 ,osage ,c\nty1 ,kansas1 9 a rock qu>ry1 hav+ pur*as$ a l>ge quantity ( rock f ! qu>rym5 = t purpose4 ,a prelim9>y note by ,mudge 7#dij7 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,kansas ,academy ( ,sci5ce & lat] copi$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce4 ,pr(essor ,m>%'s description 7#djf7 ( ! rema9s is z foll[s3 ,! impressions are well pres]v$ 9 a calc>e\s %ale1 :i* sep>ates readily into ?9 slabs1 ea* repres5t+ a surface ( ! bea* at ! "t ! footpr9ts 7 made ^u x4 ,a few %ells 9 ! %ale are suffici5t to prove t ! =mation is m>9e 7no %ells are evid5t 9 ! slab at ! ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas1 b ! slab is q ar5ace\s74 ,trails ( annelids1 or p]haps ( o!r inv]tebrates1 are se5 on "s ( ! surfaces4 ,! footpr9ts ( v]tebrate animals1 h[ev]1 are ( p>am\nt importance1 & ! l>ge numb] & v>iety ( ^! "h record$ on a s+le surface1 if !y c\ld be rightly int]pret$1 w\ld =m an int]e/+ *apt] ( l& v]tebrate life 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s1 ab\t :i* s little is at pres5t kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--;,footpr9ts ( ,dromopus agilis ,m>%1 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,osage ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,orig9al slab 9 ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,museum4 ,greatly r$uc$4 ,pr(essor ,m>%'s description ( ,dromopus agilis is z foll[s3 ,! ?ird s]ies ( footpr9ts is ( special int]e/1 & indicates an animal v di/9ct f ! two already describ$4 ,! diagram repres5ts ! impression ( ! phalanges suffici5tly 9 detail to indicate 7#djf7 _! numb] & g5]al =m4 ,a /rik+ feature 9 ! =e & h9d feet ( ?is animal 0 ! long1 sl5d] digits t]m9at$ by %>p claws4 ,ano!r po9t ( int]e/1 z record$ 9 ! footpr9ts1 is t ! animal 9 walk+ swung ! h9d feet outw>d1 & s ne> ! gr\nd t ! ends ( ! long] toes sometimes made trails 9 ! mud1 m>k+ accurately ! sweep ( ! foot4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate a comp>atively %ort h9d leg1 r ?an ! long1 sl5d] "o :i* ! footpr9ts !mselves naturally sugge/4 ,! animal :i* made ^! int]e/+ footpr9ts 0 probably a ,lac]tilian r ?an an ,amphibian1 b !re is also a possibility t x 0 a primitive ,d9osaur4 ,fur!r on ,pr(essor ,m>% rem>ks 7p4 #hd73 ,s f> z at pres5t kn[n1 l& v]tebrate life began 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s age1 no footpr9ts ( o!r rema9s ( ?is k9d hav+ be5 detect$ bel[ ! ,subc>bonif]\s4 ,t su* rema9s w ev5tually be f\nd 9 ! ,devonian1 !re c be no reasonable d\bt1 & p]haps ev5 9 ! ,silurian1 if ! l& surfaces !n exi/+ c be explor$4 ,?is la/ /atem5t ( ,m>%'s 01 ( c\rse1 p>tly demon/rat$ by ! discov]y ( footpr9ts 9 ! ,devonian rocks ( ,p5nsylvania1 :i* he describ$ 9 #ahif z ,?9opus antiquus4 ,! footpr9ts ( ,dromopus agilis ,m>% :i* are pres]v$ 9 obv]se 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,museum are ( consid]ably great] l5g? ?an ^? describ$ by ,pr(essor ,m>%4 ,! measurem5ts ( "o ( ! l>g] impressions are app5d$4 ,!re appe> to be s]ies ( footpr9ts ( two diff]5t animals pres]v$ on ! l>ge slab 7#e by #g feet71 b _! nature is ess5tially ! same4 ,measurem5ts ( ,l>ge ,footpr9t4 mm4 ,greate/ l5g? #bjj ,greate/ wid? #ij ,l5g? ( longe/ toe #abj ,l5g? ( %orte/ toe #fe ,wid? across heel #ej ,! slab is ,no4 #e ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 collect$ 9 #ahgc by ,pr(essor ,b4 ,f4 ,mudge at ,osage1 ,kansas1 & pres5t$ by him to ! museum 9 #ahge4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( ,c>bonif]\s amphibian 787 footpr9ts is compil$ f ,hay's ,catalogue ( ,fossil ,v]tebrates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is giv5 "h = ! sake ( complet5ess4 ,?ree types ( amphibian footpr9ts are describ$ 9 ! body ( ?is "w & !y con/itute ! k9d ( mat]ial :i* an i*nologi/ has = ! basis ( 8 conclusions4 ,! mat]ial is n v satisfactory = ! morphologi/1 ?\gh mu* c be det]m9$ z to ! foot /ructure4 ,g5us & species4 ,au?or4 ,horizon4 ,locality4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,allopus littoralis ,m>% ,,cm ,osage ,c\nty1 ,,ks4 ,anompus 8 culb]tsonii ,k+ ,p5nsylvania4 ---- gall9uloides ,k+ ,an?racopus ellang[5sis ,leidy ,b>opus l5tus ,m>% ,osage ,c\nty1 ,,ks4 ,batra*i*nus pla9vill5sis ,woodwor? ,massa*usetts4 ,*eiro!rium 8 het]odactylum 44444 ,p5nsylvania4 ---- reit]i ,moore ,collettosaurus indiannsis ,cox ,indiana4 ,crucipes p>vus ,butts ,miss\ri4 ,dromopus agilis ,m>% ,osage ,c\nty1 ,,ks4 ,hylopus caudif] ,dawson ,nova ,scotia4 ---- h>d+i ,dawson ---- logani ,dawson ---- m9or ,dawson ---- trifidus ,dawson ---- sp4 indet 44444 ,limnopus vagus ,m>% ,osage ,c\nty1 ,,ks4 ,nanopus c&atus ,m>% ,notalac]ta miss\ri5sis ,butts ,miss\ri4 ,notamphibia magna ,butts ,palosauropus antiquior ,dawson ,,sc ,nova ,scotia4 ---- primvus ,lea ,,cm ,p5nsylvania4 ---- syd55sis ,dawson ,cape ,breton ,isl4 ---- unguif] ,dawson ,cmg ,nova ,scotia4 ,!n>opus leplodactylus ,k+ ,,cm ,p5nsylvania4 ---- ovoidactylus ,k+ ---- pa*ydactylus ,k+ ---- sphrodactylus ,k+ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,horizon abbreviations --------------------- ,,cm ,coal ,measures4 ,,sc ,subc>bonif]\s4 ,cmg ,c>bonif]\s 7mill/one grit74 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,! ,,fossil ,,amphibia1 ,,) ,,especial ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,amphibia ,,f ,,! ,,coal ,,measures ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ lit]ature li/1 conta9+ m ?an six hundr$ titles 7#ahbd-aiaf71 is believ$ to be fairly complete4 ,x c]ta9ly includes all ( ! important contributions to ! subject ( ! fossil ,amphibia4 ,a few brief bibliographies ( fossil ,amphibia h appe>$ f "t to "t1 9 special memoirs on v>i\s faunas1 su* z3 ,broili 7#eh71 ,s*w>z 7#eda71 ,fraas 7#bdb71 von ,ammon 7#g71 & ,case 7#ih74 ,none ( ^! h attempt$ a complete survey ( ! field4 ,! ref]5ces giv5 bel[ h all1 or ne>ly all1 be5 compil$ f ! orig9al s\rces & e ef=t has be5 made to h !m complete & accurate4 #a4 ,abel1 ,o4 #aiab4 ,grundzge d] ,paleobiologie d] ,wirbel?i]e4 #baa-bbj1 figs4 #add-aej4 #b4 ,agassiz1 ,l4 #ahfb4 ,highly int]e/+ discov]y ( new ,sauroid rema9s4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 & ,arts1 ,jan41 ,,xxxiii1 #ach4 #c4 ,alb]ti1 ,fr4 v4 #ahcd4 ,beitrag zu e9] ,monographic des bunt5 ,s&/e9s1 ,mus*elkalks und ,keup]4 #d4 ----4 #ahfd4 ,ueb]blick ueb] die ,trias4 #bce-bda4 #e4 ,albre*t1 ,p4 #ahhc4 ,note sur le ,basioccipital des ,batraci5s ,an\res4 ,bull1 de ,musee ,roy4 d',hi/4 ,nat4 de ,belgique1 ,,ii1 #aie-aih1 ) figs1 & a plate4 #f4 ,am]ican ,naturali/4 #ahgh4 ,a new fauna1 ,,xii1 #cbg-cbh 7,ed474 #g4 ,ammon1 ,ludwig ,von4 #ahhi4 ,die p]mis*5 ,amphibi5 d] ,rhe9pfalz1 ,muni*4 #a-aag1 pls4 #a-e1 ) ext5sive bibliography4 #h4 ,&rews1 ,c4 ,w4 #ahie4 ,note on a specim5 ( ,k]at]peton galvani ,huxley1 f ,/af=d%ire4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec41 ,,iv1 ,,ii1 #ha-hd1 fig4 #i4 ,arldt1 ,!odor4 #aijg4 ,die ,entwicklung d] ,kont95te und ihre ,lebewelt4 #ccc1 ,k>te #aj4 #aj4 ----4 #aiji4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ihre ,/ellung unt] d5 ,wirbel?i]54 ,naturw4 ,runds*au1 ,,xxiv1 #cec-cee4 #aa4 ,at!y1 ,t4 #ahgf4 ,on ,an?racosaurus russelli4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,s]4 #d1 ,,xviii1 #adf-afg1 pls4 #h-aa4 #ab4 ,bailey1 ,w4 ,h4 #ahff4 ,on ! new discov]y ( fossil reptiles 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s ( s\!rn ,irel&4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,,ii1 ,no4 #bj1 #hd4 #ac4 ----4 #ahge4 ,description ( a new species ( ,labyr9?odont ,amphibian f ! ,coal at ,j>r[ ,colli]y ne> ,ca/lecom]1 ,kilk5ny4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #fb4 7,describes ,an?racosaurus edgei47 #ad4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,"s additional notes on ,an?racosaurus edgei ,bailey4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #if-ig 7#ahhc74 #ae4 ,b>kas1 ,t4 ,p4 #ahfh4 ,on ! fauna ( ! l[ ma9 ,coal ,seam1 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,v1 #ehj4 #af4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,unusual =ms ( ,ct5opty*ius4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,jan41 ,,vi1 #dc1 #b woodcuts4 #ag4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,on a suppos$ mammalian too? f ! ,coal ,measures4 ,mon?ly ,micros4 ,j\r41 ,,ii1 #ajd1 figs4 #a-e4 #ah4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,on ! discov]y ( a mol> ( a l>ge reptile 9 ! ,nor?umb]l& ,coal ,measures4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,iii1 #dai4 7,pt]oplax cornuta47 #ai4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,reptile ,rema9s & ,climadoxus4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,iv1 #dch-ddj4 #bj4 ----4 #ahgc4 ,a manual ( ,coal ,measure paleontology4 ,london4 #ba4 ,b>rell1 ,joseph4 #aijf4 ,orig9 & significance ( ,mau* ,*unk %ale4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]41 ,,xviii1 #dfj4 #bb4 ,baur1 ,george4 #ahhf4 ,die lte/e ,t>sus 7,ar*egosaurus74 ,zool4 ,anz41 ,no4 #baf1 #i ,jahrg41 #ajd-ajf4 #bc4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,! olde/ ,t>sus 7,ar*egosaurus74 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xx1 #agc-agd4 #bd4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,ueb] die ,homologi5 e9ig] ,s*delkno*5 d] ,/egocephal5 und ,reptili54 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,i1 ,no4 #ac1 #cdh-cej4 #be4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,ueb] die ,morphologic d] ,wirbelsule d] ,amniot54 ,biol4 ,c5tralb41 ,,vi1 ,nr4 #aa-ab1 #cbb-cdb1 #cec-cfc4 #bf4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,on ! morphology ( ribs4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,oct41 #idb-ide 7,ar*egosaurus74 #bg4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,na*trgli*e ,notiz zu me95 ,bem]kung5 ueb] die ,homologie d] ,s*delkno*5 d] ,/egocephal5 und ,reptili54 ,anat4 ,anz41 #b1 ,no4 #ba1 #feg-feh4 #bh4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,morphog5ie d] ,c>pus und ,t>sus d] ,wirbel?i]e4 ,pt4 ,i1 ,batra*ia4 ,j5a1 ,v]lag von ,gu/av ,fis*]1 #a-hh1 pls4 #a-c1 figs4 #bi4 ----4 #ahid4 ,bem]kung5 b] die ,o/eologie d] ,s*lf5geg5d d] hh]] ,wirbel?i]e4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,x1 #cae-ccj4 #cj4 ----4 #ahif4 ,bem]kung5 b] die ,phylog5ie d] ,s*ildkrt54 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,xii1 #efa-egj4 7,dissorophus47 #ca4 ----4 #ahif4 ,! ,/egocephali4 ,a phylog5etic /udy4 ,anat4 ,anz41 #bjt5 ,mrz1 ,,xi1 ,no4 #bb1 #feg-fgc1 ) bibliography & eight figures4 #cb4 ----4 #ahig4 ,ar*egosaurus4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxxi1 #ige-ihj4 #cb;a4 ----4 #ahig4 ,ueb] die sy/ematis*e ,/ellung d] ,microsauri]4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,xiv1 #adh-aea4 #cc4 ,bay]1 ,franz4 #ahhj4 ,palobatra*us bohemicus von ,mey]1 aus d] ,braunkohle von ,freud5ha94 ,sitzb]4 d4 k4 bhm4 ,ges4 ,prag41 #bia-bih1 ,i taf4 #cd4 ,beasley1 ,h4 ,c4 #aijj4 ,notes on ! type specim5 ( ,*eiro!rium h]culis ,eg]ton4 ,proc4 ,liv]pool ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xlii1 #ha1 pl4 v4 #ce4 ,b]n>d1 ,felix4 #ahie4 ,elem5ts de ,paleontologie4 ,batraci5s1 #gdj-gfj1 ) figs4 #cf4 ,beyri*1 ,ern/4 #ahej4 ,ueb] e9ige organis*e ,re/e d] ,lett5kohl5bildung 9 ,?u]+54 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,ii1 #afe4 #cg4 ,bieb]1 ,v4 #ahhj4 ,ueb] zwei neue ,batra*i] d] ,bhm4 ,braunkohl5=mation4 ,sitz4 d4 k4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss541 ,wi541 ,,lxxxii1 ,ab?4 ,i1 #aag1 taf4 iii1 fig4 #a4 #ch4 ,b9ney1 ,e4 ,w4 #ahhc4 ,trans4 ,man*e/] ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,vi1 p4 #db4 #ci4 ,blan*>d1 ,r4 #ahha4 ,sur les ,gl&es cloacale et ,pelvi5 et sur la ,papille cloacale des ,batraci5s urodeles4 ,zool4 ,anz41 ,,iv1 #i1 #cd4 #dj4 ,blan=d1 ,w4 ,t4 #ahhd4 ,address to ! geological section ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,montreal1 #ba pp42 also ,nature1 ,,xxx4 #da4 ,bolkay1 ,s4 ,j4 de4 #aiaa4 ,on a ,plei/oc5e pr$ecessor ( ,rana fusca ,rs4 ,mit!il4 aus d4 ,jahrb4 k4 ,ung4 ,geol4 ,r41 ,,xix1 ,h4 #c1 #aee-afj1 figs4 #a-g4 #db4 ,bolton1 ,h4 #ahif4 ,! animal life ( ! ,lanca%ire ,coal ,measures4 ,trans4 ,man*e/] ,micros4 ,soc41 #abc-ace 7#ahie74 #dc4 ----4 #aijd4 ,! paleontology ( ! ,lanca%ire ,coal ,measures4 ,trans4 ,man*e/] ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxviii1 #cgh-dbj1 #egh-fej1 #ffh-fhi4 #dd4 ,b\l5g]1 ,g4 ,a4 #ahij4 ,on ! pres5ce ( pt]ygoid tee? 9 a tailless batra*ian 7,pelobates cultripes71 ) rem>ks on ! localization ( tee? on ! palate 9 batra*ians & reptiles4 ,proc4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ffd-fff4 #de4 ----4 #aijd4 ,on ! *>act]s & aff9ities ( ! ,triassic reptile ,tel]peton elig5se4 ,proc4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 #dgj-dhj1 pl4 xxx4 #df4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,les ,batraci5s et pr9cipalem5t ceux d',europe4 ,i4 ,p>is4 #dg4 ,bradley1 ,frank ,h4 #ahgj4 ,geology ( ,grundy ,c\nty4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ill9ois1 ,,iv1 #aif4 #dh4 ,branco1 ,w4 #ahhg4 ,weissia bav>ica1 nov4 g54 et sp4 von ,/egocephalia1 e9 neu] ,/egocephale aus dem unt]5 ,ro?lieg5d54 ,jahrb4 d4 k4 ,preuss4 ,geol4 ,l&esan/alt f4 #ahhf1 #bb-ci1 taf4 #a2 also ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ahhh1 #aag4 #di4 ,branson1 ,e4 ,b4 #aije4 ,/ructure & relation%ips ( ,am]ican ,labyr9?odontid4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xiii1 ,no4 #g1 #efh-faj1 figs4 #a-ai4 #ej4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,amphibian footpr9ts f ! ,mississippian ( ,virg9ia4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xviii1 ,no4 #f1 #cef-ceh1 #a fig #ea4 ,braun1 ,m4 von4 #ahda4 ,b]i*t b] die ,v]sammlung deuts*] ,natur=s*] und ,a]tze4 ,brauns*weig1 #gd-ge4 7,trematosaurus47 #eb4 ,braun1 ,m4 #ahgh4 ,ueb] uss]e ,hilfsorgane bei d] ,begattung von ,triton viridesc5s4 ,zool4 ,anz41 ,i1 #abd4 #ec4 ,briti% ,museum4 #aije4 ,a guide to ! fossil reptiles1 amphibians & fi%es 9 ! dep>tm5t ( geology & paleontology 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,natural ,hi/ory74 #h plates1 #aaf figs41 #h? ed4 #ed4 ,brodie1 ,p4 ,b4 #ahei4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( foot/eps ( ,*eiro!rium 9 ! ,upp] ,keup] ( ,w>wick%ire4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #bgh4 #ee4 ,broili1 ,f4 #ahii4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,k5ntniss von ,eryops megacephalus ,cope4 ,paleontographica1 ,,xlvi1 #fa-hd1 pls4 #h-aj4 #ef4 ,broili1 ,f4 #aijb4 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss von ,diplocaulus ,cope 7,d4 magnicornis74 7,paleontographica1 ,,li1 ,s47 ,vorlufige ,mit!ilung1 ,c5tralb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ecf-eda1 ) figs4 #eg4 ----4 #aijd4 ,/ammreptili54 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,xxv1 ,no4 #bc1 #egg-ehg4 #eh4 ----4 #aijd4 ,p]mis*e ,/egocephal5 und ,reptili54 ,paleontographica1 ,,li1 #a-abj1 #e pls4 #ei4 ----4 #aije4 ,beoba*tung5 an ,co*leosaurus bohemicus4 ,paleontographica1 ,l1 #a-af1 pls4 #ab4 #fj4 ----4 #aijf4 ,e9 ,/egocephal5 ,re/ aus d5 ,bayris*5 ,alp54 ,c5tralb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,no4 #ah1 #efh-ega4 #fa4 ----4 #aijh4 ,ueb] die ,ra*itom5 ,wirbel d] ,/egocephal54 ,monatsb]i*t5 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 #fj1 ,nr4 #h_/aj1 #bce-bdj1 figs4 #a-g4 #fb4 ----4 #aijh4 ,ueb] ,scl]ocephalus aus d] ,gaskohle von ,nrs*an und das ,alt] dies] ,ablag]ung54 ,jahrb4 d4 k4 k4 ,geol4 ,rei*san/alt1 ,,lviii1 ,heft ,i1 #di-fi1 ,taf4 ,i4 #fc4 ----4 #aijh4 ,sy/ematis*e und ,biologis*e ,bem]kung5 zu d] p]mis*5 ,gattung ,lysorophus4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,xxxiii1 ,nr4 #aa_/ab1 #bij-bih4 #fd4 ----4 #aiji4 ,reviews ( ,lit]ature4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 ,,ii4 ,heft ,i1 #acb-ach4 #fe4 ----4 #aiac4 ,ueb] zwei ,/egocephal5re/e aus dem texanis*5 ,p]m4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 ,i1 ,heft #b1 #if-ajj1 ,taf4 ,,ix4 #ff4 ----4 #aiac4 ,uns] ,wiss5 b] die lte/5 ,tetrapod54 ,=ts*r4 d4 naturwiss5s*aftli*5 ,=s*ung1 ,halle1 ,bd4 ,,viii1 #ea-ic1 figs4 #ad-fb4 #fg4 ,bronn1 ,h4 ,g4 #aheb-ed4 ,le!a ,geogno/ica1 mit ,atlas4 ,bd4 ,i 7#b71 ,kohl5 ,p]iode1 von ,f4 ,roem]4 #fh4 ,broom1 ,r4 #aijc4 ,on a new ,/egocephalian 7,batra*osu*us br[ni7 f ! ,k>oo ,b$s ( ,aliwal ,nor?1 ,s\? ,africa4 ,geol4 ,mag41 n4 s41 ,dec41 ,,iv1 ,x1 ,no4 #dgc-dii1 #a-b1 figs4 #fi4 ----4 #aijd4 ,on a new ,s\? ,african ,labyr9?odont 7,cyclosaurus alb]tyni74 ,records ( ! ,albany ,museum1 ,i1 ,no4 #c4 #gj4 ----4 #aijg4 ,on ! geological horizons ( ! v]tebrate g5]a ( ! ,k>oo ,=mation4 ,records ( ! ,albany ,museum1 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 #ga4 ----4 #aijh4 ,on a new ,labyr9?odont 7,rh9esu*us :aitsi7 f ! ,p]mian b$s ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,ann4 ,s4 ,african ,museum1 ,,iv1 pt4 ,,viii1 ,may #aijh1 #cgc4 #gb4 ----4 ,on ! nom5clature ( ! elem5ts ( ! amphibian %\ld] girdle4 #gc4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,a comp>ison ( ! ,p]mian reptiles ( ,nor? ,am]ica ) ^? ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxviii1 art4 ,,xx1 #aig-bcd4 #gd4 ----4 #aiac4 ,on ! /ructure ( ! m&ible 9 ! ,/egocephalia4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,bd4 #de1 ,no4 #b_/c1 #gc-gh1 figs4 #ge4 ----4 #aiac4 ,/udies on ! ,p]mian temnospondyl\s ,/egocephalians ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxxii1 #efc-eie1 #ba figs4 #gf4 ,br[n1 ,b>num4 #aijh4 ,! ,con>d fissure1 a ,plei/oc5e bone deposit 9 nor!rn ,arkansas1 ) description ( two new g5]a & tw5ty new species ( mammals4 ,mem4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,ix1 pt4 ,,iv1 #bjf1 pl4 ,,xxii4 #gg4 ,br[ne1 ,m4 #ahic4 ,on "s v]tebrate rema9s n hi!rto record$ f ! ,rhtic b$s ( ,brita94 ,kept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #gdh4 #gh4 ,br[nrigg1 ,w4 ,b4 #ahfe4 ,j\r4 ,roy4 ,geog4 ,soc4 ,irel&1 ,i1 pt4 #b1 #ade4 #gi4 ,budgett1 ,j4 ,s4 #aijb4 ,on ! /ructure ( ! l>val ,polypt]us4 ,trans4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xvi1 pt4 ,,vii1 ,oct42 also ,works1 #aed-agf1 pls4 x-xii1 #aijg4 #hj4 ,burmei/]1 ,h4 #ahdj4 ,die ,labyr9?odont5 aus dem bunt5 ,s&/e9 von ,b]nburg4 #d plates 7same #ahdi7 7874 #ha4 ----4 #ahej4 ,die ,labyr9?odont5 aus dem ,sa>brck5 ,/e9kohl5gebirge4 ,qu>to1 pls4 #a-d4 #hb4 ,butts1 ,edw>d4 #ahia4 ,rec5tly discov]$ footpr9ts ( ! amphibian age 9 ! ,upp] ,coal ,measure ,gr\p ( ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,kans4 ,city ,sci5ti/1 ,v1 ,no4 #b1 #ag-ai1 figs4 #hc4 ----4 #ahia4 ,footpr9ts ( new species ( amphibians 9 ! ,upp] ,coal ,measure ,gr\p ( ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,kans4 ,city ,sci5ti/1 ,v1 #dd1 figs4 #hd4 ,c>us1 ,j4 ,victor4 #ahge4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,h&bu* d] ,zoologie1 ,bd4 ,i1 #dhe-dhf4 #he4 ,case1 ,e4 ,c4 #ahih4 ,! significance ( c]ta9 *anges 9 ! temporal region ( ! primitive reptilia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxxii4 ,no4 #cgd1 #fi4 #hf4 ----4 #aijj4 ,! v]tebrates f ! ,p]mian bone b$ ( ,v]milion ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,viii1 #fih-gbi1 #e plates4 #hg4 ----4 #aijb4 ,on "s v]tebrate fossils f ! ,p]mian b$s ( ,oklahoma4 #b;d ,bi5nial ,rpt4 ,dept4 ,geol4 & ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,t]ritory ,oklahoma1 #aija-aijb1 #fb-fh4 #hh4 ----4 #aijb4 ,paleontological notes4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,x1 #bef-bfa4 #hi4 ----4 #aijc4 ,new or little-kn[n v]tebrates f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xi1 #cid-djb4 #ij4 ----4 #aijg4 ,additional description ( ! g5us ,zatra*ys ,cope4 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxiii1 art4 ,,xxix1 #ffe-ffh4 #ia4 ----4 #aijg4 ,revision ( ! ,pelyeosauria ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,pub4 ,no4 #ee1 ,c>negie ,in/4 ,wa%+ton1 ,/egocephalia1 #aei4 #ib4 ----4 #aijh4 ,on ! value ( ! evid5ce furni%$ by v]tebrate fossils ( ! age ( c]ta9 s-call$ ,p]mian b$s 9 ,am]ica4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvi1 ,no4 #f1 #egb-ehj4 #ic4 ----4 #aijh4 ,notes on ! skull ( ,lysorophus tric>9atus ,cope4 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxiv1 #eca-ecc1 fig4 #a4 #id4 ----4 #aijh4 ,description ( v]tebrate fossils f ! vic9ity ( ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,annals ( ! ,c>negie ,museum1 ,,iv1 ,nos4 ,,iii-,,iv1 #bcd-bda1 pl4 lix1 ,apr4 #ie4 ----4 #aijh4 ,a great ,p]mian delta & its v]tebrate life1 ) re/orations by ! au?or4 ,pop4 ,sci4 ,mon?41 ,,lxxiii1 ,no4 #f1 #eeg-efh4 #if4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,new or little-kn[n reptiles & amphibians f ! ,p]mian8 ( ,texas4 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxviii1 art4 ,,xvii1 #afc-aha4 #ig4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,a revision ( ! ,cotylosauria ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,pub4 ,no4 #ade1 ,c>negie ,in/4 ,wa%+ton4 #ih4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,revision ( ! ,amphibia & ,pisces ( ! ,p]mian ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,pub4 ,no4 #adf1 ,c>negie ,in/4 ,wa%+ton1 #a-adh1 pls4 #a-be1 #ea text-figs4 #ii4 ----4 #aiab4 ,paleozoic ,reptilia & ,amphibia4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]41 #bc1 #bjj-bjd4 #ajj4 ----4 #aiae4 ,! ,p]mo-c>bonif]\s b$s ( ,nor? ,am]ica & _! v]tebrate fauna4 ,pub4 ,no4 #bjg1 ,c>negie ,in/4 ,wa%+ton1 #a-agf1 pls4 #a-bd4 #aja4 ,*amb]l91 ,t4 ,c4 #aijj4 ,on ! habitat ( ! e>ly v]tebrates4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,viii1 #djj-dab4 #ajb4 ----1 & ,r4 ,d4 ,salisbury4 #aijf4 ,geology1 e>? hi/ory4 ,amphibia1 ,,ii1 #fjf-faj4 #ajc4 ,cl>k1 ,c4 ,t4 #ahdg4 ,on ! neighborhood ( ,bombay & c]ta9 b$s conta9+ fossil frogs4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,iii1 #bba-bbd4 7,see ,ow51 #ahdg47 #ajd4 ,colli]y ,gu>dian4 ,description ( clasp]s ( ,amphibia4 ,m>4 #aj1 #ahga4 7,b>kas47 #aje4 ,cope1 ,e4 ,d4 #ahfe4 ,on ,amphibamus gr&iceps1 a new ,batra*ian f ! ,coal ,measures4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #acd-acg4 ,sec also ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ill41 ,,ii1 #ace1 fig41 pl4 #cb1 #ahff4 #ajf4 ----4 #ahff4 ,rem>ks on ext9ct v]tebrates ( ! ,mesozoic ,r$ ,s&/one4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #bdi4 7,ma/odonsaurus durus47 #ajg4 ----4 #ahff4 ,supplem5t to ! description ( v]tebrates4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ill41 ,,ii1 #ace-ada1 fig41 pl4 #cb1 fig4 #h4 7,amphibamus47 #ajh4 ----4 #ahff4 ,on ! /ructure & di/ribution ( ! g5]a ( ! arcif]\s ,anura4 ,j\r4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #b;d s]41 ,v1 #fg-aab4 #aji4 ----4 #ahff4 ,on ! families ( ,rani=m ,anura4 ,j\r4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ahi4 #aaj4 ----4 #ahfh4 ,synopsis ( ! ext9ct ,batra*ia ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #bjh-bba4 #aaa4 ----4 #ahfh4 ,two ,batra*ians f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,xx1 #baa-bab4 7,p>io/egus myops47 #aab4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,synopsis ( ! ext9ct ,batra*ia1 ,reptilia1 & ,aves ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xiv1 #a-beb1 pls4 #a-ad4 #aac4 ----4 #ahga4 ,obs]vations on ext9ct ,batra*ia4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ec4 #aad4 ----4 #ahga4 ,supplem5t to ! synopsis ( ! ext9ct ,batra*ia & ,reptilia ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xii1 #da-eb4 #aae4 ----4 #ahga4 ,obs]vations on ! ext9ct ,batra*ian fauna ( ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,ohio 7,l9ton74 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xii1 #agg4 #aaf4 ----4 #ahgb4 ,c>bonif]\s reptiles ( ,ohio4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,vi1 #df4 #aag4 ----4 #ahgc4 ,obs]vations on ! di/ribution ( c]ta9 ext9ct ,v]tebrata 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xii1 #baj-baf4 #aah4 ----4 #ahgc4 ,on "s new ,batra*ia & ,fi%es f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #cdj-cdc4 #aai4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,supplem5t to ! ext9ct ,batra*ia1 ,reptilia & ,aves ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,i4 ,catalogue ( ! air-brea?+ ,v]tebrata f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 #bfa-bgh4 #abj4 ----4 #ahge4 ,*eck-li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,batra*ia & ,reptilia1 ) a sy/ematic li/ ( ! high] gr\ps & an essay on geographical di/ribution bas$ on ! specim5s conta9$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,i1 #g-ab4 #aba4 ----4 #ahge4 ,synopsis ( ! ,v]tebrata ^: rema9s h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! =mations ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,app5dix b by ,k]r1 ,w4 ,c4 ,rept4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,n4 ,c11 ,raleigh1 #bi-eb1 pls4 v-viii4 #abb4 ----4 #ahge4 ,! ext9ct ,batra*ia ( ,ohio4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #af4 #abc4 ,cope1 ,e4,d4 #ahge4 ,synopsis ( ! ext9ct ,batra*ia f ! ,coal ,measures4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,ii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #cea-daj1 pls4 xxvi-xlv4 #abd4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,on "s ext9ct reptiles & ,batra*ia f ! ,judi? ,riv] & ,fox ,hills ,b$s ( ,montana4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ceg2 ,pal4 ,bull4 #bc4 #abe4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,description ( "s v]tebrate rema9s f ! ,=t ,union ,b$s ( ,montana4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #bfj4 7,c]atodus hi]oglyphus1 an amphibian clasp]847 #abf4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,on ! fossil rema9s ( ,reptilia & fi%es f ,ill9ois4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #dje4 #abg4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,on ! ,v]tebrata ( ! ,bone ,b$ ( ea/]n ,ill9ois4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvii1 #ec-fd4 #abh4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,report on ! geology ( ! region ( ! ,judi? ,riv]1 ,montana1 & on v]tebrate fossils obta9$ on or ne> ! ,miss\ri ,riv]4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geog4 ,surv4 ( ,t]ritories1 91 art4 ,,xix1 ,batra*ia1 #egc1 #egf4 #abi4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,descriptions ( ,v]tebrata f ! ,p]mian & ,triassic ,=mations4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvii1 #ahb-aic4 #acj4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,ext9ct ,v]tebrata f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ag1 #ahb4 #aca4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,a cont9uation ( rese>*es among ! ,batra*ia ( ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #egc-egh4 #acb4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,description ( ext9ct ,batra*ia & ,reptilia f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvii1 #ebb-ebf4 #acc4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,! v]tebra3 ( ,ra*itomus4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xii1 #fcc4 7,eryops47 #acd4 ----4 #ahgi4 ,! relations ( ! horizons ( ext9ct ,v]tebrata ( ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geog4 ,surv4 ( ! ,t]ritories1 ,v1 ,no4 ,i1 #cc-cd4 #ace4 ----4 #ahhj4 ,ext9ct ,batra*ia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xiv1 #fji-faj4 ,reviews ,frits*'s & ,wi$]%eim's pap]s4 #acf4 ----4 #ahhj4 ,! /ructure ( ! ,p]mian ,ganocephala4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xiv1 #chc-chd4 7,eryops47 #acg4 ----4 #ahha4 ,! ,p]mian ,=mation ( ,new ,mexico4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xv1 #ajbj-ajba4 7,eryops & ,zatra*ys47 #ach4 ----4 #ahha4 ,catalogue ( ,v]tebrata ( ! ,p]mian ,=mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xv1 #afb-afd4 #aci4 ----4 #ahha4 ,e9 ,ueb]gangsgli$ von d5 ,amphibi5 zu d5 ,reptili5 7,cricotus74 ,auszug 9 ,kosmos von ,krause1 ,bd4 #i1 #bcj-bca4 #adj4 ----4 #ahha4 ,on "s new ,batra*ia & ,reptilia f ! ,p]mian ,b$s ( ,texas4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,t]r41 ,,vi1 art4 ,,ii1 #gi-hb4 #ada4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,?ird contribution to ! hi/ory ( ! ,v]tebrata ( ! ,p]mian ,=mation ( ,texas4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xx1 #ddg-dfa2 ,pal4 ,bull4 #ce1 #dea4 #adb4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,! ,ra*itom\s ,/egocephalia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xvi1 #cce4 #adc4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,p]mian ,v]tebrata4 ,am]4 ,nat41 xvi1 #ibe4 #add4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,f\r? contribution to ! hi/ory ( ! ,p]mian ,=mation ( ,texas4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xx1 #fbh-fcf4 #ade4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,on "s ,v]tebrata f ! ,p]mian ( ,ill9ois4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ajh-aaj4 #adf4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,! ,batra*ia ( ! ,p]mian ,p]iod ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xviii1 #bf-ci1 pls4 ii-v1 #g figs4 #adg4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,fif? contribution to ! fauna ( ! ,p]mian ( ,texas & ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxii1 #bh-cj1 pl4 ,i2 ,pal4 ,bull4 #ci4 #adh4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,note on ! phylog5y ( ! ,v]tebrata4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xviii1 #abee-abef4 #adi4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,! ,batra*ia ( ! ,p]mian ,b$s ( ,bohemia & ! ,labyr9?odon f ! ,bijori ,gr\p1 ,india4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xix1 #eib-eid4 #aej4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,paleontological nom5clature4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,london 7#c71 ,,ii1 #ege4 7,batra*ia = ,amphibia47 #aea4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,! ,batra*ia ( ! ,p]mian ,b$s ( ,bohemia4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,london 7#c71 ,,ii1 #ebg4 #aeb4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,second cont9uation ( rese>*es among ! ,batra*ia ( ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxii1 #dje-djh4 #aec4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,on ! evolution ( ! ,v]tebrata1 progressive & retrogressive4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xix1 #bdd1 ,m>4 #aed4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,on ! /ructure & aff9ities ( ! ,amphiumid4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxiii1 ,no4 #abc1 #ddb-dde1 ,july4 #aee4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,! ,batra*ian int]c5trum4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xx1 #gf1 #age4 #aef4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,sy/ematic catalogue ( ! species ( v]tebrates f\nd 9 ! ,b$s ( ! ,p]mian ,epo* ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #bhe-bif1 pls4 ii-iii4 #aeg4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,a contribution to ! hi/ory ( ! ,v]tebrata ( ! ,trias ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxiv1 #bji4 7,eupelor durus47 #aeh4 ---4 #ahhh4 ,on ! int]c5trum ( t]re/rial v]tebrates4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #bdc-bec1 pl4 ,i1 #f figs4 #aei4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,! ,ossicula ,auditus ( ! ,batra*ia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxii1 #dfd-dfg1 pl4 vi4 #afj4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,! p9eal eye 9 ext9ct v]tebrates4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxii1 #iad-iag1 pls4 xv-xviii4 #afa4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,on ! %\ld] girdle & extremities ( ,eryops4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #cfb-cfg1 ) plate4 #afb4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,on ! relation ( ! hyoid & otic elem5ts ( ! skeleton 9 ! ,batra*ia4 ,j\r4 ,morphol41 ,,ii1 #big-caj4 #afc4 ----4 #ahhi4 ,! ,batra*ia ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #cd1 ,i-,,vi1 #g-ead1 pls4 i-lxxxvi4 #afd4 ----4 #ahhi4 ,synopsis ( ! families ( ,v]tebrata4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxiii1 #hdi-hgg4 7,publi%$ 9 #ahih z ,syllabus ( ,lectures47 #afe4 ----4 #ahib4 ,a prelim9>y report on ! v]tebrate paleontology ( ! ,llano ,e/acado4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,texas1 #d? ,ann4 ,rept41 #ab-ag4 #aff4 ----4 #ahib4 ,on ! phylog5y ( ,v]tebrata4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxx1 #bgh-bhj4 #afg4 ----4 #ahib4 ,on "s new & little-kn[n ,paleozoic v]tebrates4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxx1 #bba-bbi1 pls4 vii-viii4 #afh4 ----4 #ahic4 ,frits*'s ,fauna ( ! ,gaskohle ( ,bohemia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxvii1 #gji4 #afi4 ----4 #ahie4 ,"s new ,batra*ia f ! ,p]mian ,b$s ( ,texas4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxiv1 #deb-deg1 plate ix1 ,nov4 #ae4 #agj4 ----4 #ahie4 ,a ,batra *ian>madillo4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxix1 #iih1 ,nov4 #aga4 ----4 #ahif4 ,! ,paleozoic reptilian ord] ,cotylosauria4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxx1 #cjc4 7,describes ,eosauravus copei ,willi/on1 olde/ kn[n reptile47 #agb4 ----4 #ahif4 ,p]mian l& v]tebrates ) c>apaces4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxx1 #icf1 pl4 xxi4 #agc4 ----4 #ahif4 ,! ance/ry ( ! ,te/ud9ata4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxx1 #cii4 #agd4 ----4 #ahif4 ,app5dix on a species ( ,trim]orha*is4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxv1 #acg4 #age4 ----4 #ahif4 ,! reptilian ord] ,cotylosauria4 ,supplem5t3 ,"s new ,batra*ia f ! ,p]mian b$s ( ,texas4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxiv1 #dee4 #agf4 ----4 #ahig4 ,on new ,paleozoic ,v]tebrata f ,ill9ois1 ,ohio1 & ,p5nsylvania4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxvi1 #ga-ij1 ?ree plates4 #agg4 ----4 #ahih4 ,syllabus ( ,lectures on ! ,v]tebrata4 ,batra*ia1 #dc-ea4 ,publi%$ = ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 #agh4 ,cox1 ,e4 ,t4 #ahgd4 ,colettosaurus indiannsis4 #e? ,ann4 ,rept4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,indiana1 #bdg1 pl4 #a4 #agi4 ,cr$n]1 ,h]mann4 #ahha4 ,ueb] ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus1 e95 neu5 ,/egocephal5 aus d5 ,ro?lieg5d5-,kalke von ,ni$]hssli* im ,plau5's*5 ,grnde4 ,sitzungsb4 naturf4 ,gesell4 zu ,leipzig1 #dc4 #ahj4 ----4 #ahha4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri] aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,i ,!il3 ,e9leitung und ,bran*iosaurus gracilis4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxiii1 #bih-cbi1 taf4 xv-xviii4 #aha4 ----4 #ahha4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri]1 etc4 ,,ii ,!il3 ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxiii1 #egd-fjc1 taf4 xxii-xxiv4 #ahb4 ----4 #ahha4 ,ueb] e9ige ,/egocephal5 7,labyr9?odont57 aus dem s*sis*5 ,ro?lieg5d54 ,sitzungsb4 naturf4 ,gesell4 ,leipzig1 ,i-,,ii4 7,note on ,bran*iosaurus & ,melan]peton1 #dc1 #de47 #ahc4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,ueb] ,melan]peton ,frits* aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5-,kalk von ,ni$]hssli* im ,plau5's*5 ,grundes4 ,sitzungsb4 naturf4 ,gesell4 ,leipzig1 #de-dg4 #ahd4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri]1 etc4 ,,iii ,!il3 ,pelosaurus laticeps1 ,ar*egosaurus de*5i1 ,a4 latiro/ris4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxiv1 #bac-bcg1 tafeln xii-xiii4 #ahe4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri]1 etc4 ,,iv ,!il3 ,bran*iosaurus gracilis1 ,acan?o/oma vorax1 ,melan]peton1 ,discosaurus p]mianus4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxv1 #bge-cjj1 tafeln xi-xii4 #ahf4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,die ,/egocephal5 aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,v ,!il3 ,melan]peton pul*]rimum1 ,pelosaurus laticeps1 ,ar*egosaurus2 ,sp>agmites arcig]1 ,hylonomus frits*ii1 ,hyloplesion4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxvii1 #fid-gcf1 tafeln xxvii-xxix4 #ahg4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,die ,/egocephal5 aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,,vi ,!il3 ,die ,entwickelungsges*i*te von ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus ,cr$4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxviii1 #egf-fcc1 tafeln #ahh4 ,cr$n]1 ,h]mann4 #ahhf4 ,ar*egosaurus ,re/e aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 v4 ,(f5ba*4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxviii1 #fif4 #ahi4 ----4 #ahij4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri] aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,,ix ,!il3 ,hylonomus ge9itzi1 ,petrobates truncatus1 ,discosaurus p]mianus4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xlii1 #bdj-bgg1 tafeln ix-xi1 figs4 #aij4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,/egocephal5 des ,ro?lieg5d54 ,w&tafeln mit ,erlut]ung51 ,leipzig4 ,folio4 ,tafel i1 ,bran*iosaurus ambly/omus2 ,tafel ii1 ,pelosaurus laticeps & ,melan]peton pul*]rimum4 #aia4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,w&tafeln mit ,/egocephal5 des ,ro?lieg5d54 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 ,,ii4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 ,i1 #fg-fi4 #aib4 ----4 #ahia4 ,die ,urvi]fssl] 7,eotetrapoda7 des ,s*sis*5 ,ro?lieg5d54 ,allgeme9-v]/ndli*e naturwiss4 ,abh&l41 ,heft #ae4 ,sond]-,abdruck aus d] ,naturwiss5s*aftli*5 ,wo*5s*rift1 #d-eb1 #ec figs4 #aic4 ----4 #ahic4 ,die ,/egocephal5 und ,sauri] aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,x ,!il3 ,scl]ocephalus labyr9?icus ,h4 ,b4 ,ge9itz4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xlv1 #fci-gjd1 tafeln xxx-xxxii4 #aid4 ----4 #ahic4 ,zur ,hi/ologie d] ,falt5zhne ,paleozois*] ,/egocephal54 ,abh&l4 ,s*s4 ,gesell4 ,wiss41 ,,xx1 #ede-eea4 #aie4 ----4 #ahig4 ,elem5te d] ,geologic4 ,amphibia1 #dhi-did4 #aif4 ,cumm9s1 ,w4 ,f4 #aijh4 ,! localities & horizons ( ,p]mian v]tebrate fossils 9 ,texas4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvi1 #gcg-gde4 #aig4 ,cuvi]1 ,georg4 #ahbe4 ,des ,batra*i5s fossiles4 ,re*]*es sur les ,ossem5s ,fossiles1 #c;d ed41 #dca-ddd1 ,v1 pt4 ,,ii4 7,homo diluvii te/is et !oskopos47 #aih4 ,davison1 ,alv94 #ahie4 ,a contribution to ! anatomy & phylog5y ( ,amphiuma means4 ,j\r4 ,morphol41 ,,xi1 #cge-daj1 #b pls4 7,see ,k+sley1 ,tufts ,college ,/udies1 ,no4 #g47 #aii4 ,davis1 ,james ,w4 #ahhc4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( rema9s ( ,labyr9?odonts 9 ! ,yorkdale rocks ( ,w5sleydale 7,c>bonif]\s74 ,rept4 #ec;d ,meet+ ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 ,s\?port1 ,sept41 #dib2 see also ,nature1 ,,xxviii1 #egh4 #bjj4 ,dawson1 ,j4 ,w4 #ahec4 ,on ! ,coal ,measures ( ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,x1 #a-da1 ) bibliography ( pap]s on ! coal fields ( ,nova ,scotia4 #bja4 ----4 #ahee4 ,acadian geology4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahee1 ,amphibia1 #afj4 #bjb4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,c>bonif]\s quadrup$s4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,e>? & ,man1 #adc-aej4 #i? ed4 #bjc4 ----4 #ahee4 ,notice ( ! discov]y ( a reptilian skull 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,pict\ 7,nova ,scotia74 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 xi1 #h-i4 #bjd4 ----4 #ahei4 ,new species ( reptiles f ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 xvi1 #bgc4 7,describes ,hylonomus47 #bje4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,on ! t]re/rial ,molluska1 a *ilogna?us ,myriapod & "s new species f ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 xvi1 #bfh4 #bjf4 ----4 #ahfb4 ,additional rema9s ( l& animals 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xviii1 #e-g4 #bjf;a4 ----4 #ahfb4 ,descriptions ( specim5s ( fossil ,reptilia discov]$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xviii1 #bch-bdd1 pls4 ix1 x4 #bjg4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,note on ! footpr9t ( a reptile f ! coal ( ,cape ,breton4 ,canadian ,naturali/ & ,geologi/1 ,,viii1 #dcj-dca1 #a fig42 review 9 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m941 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #fd1 #geb4 #bjh4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod4 ,montreal1 ,i-,,iv1 #a-ha1 pls4 #a-f4 ,a descriptive acc\nt ( ! rema9s ( l& animals f\nd 9 ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia1 ) rem>ks on _! be>+ on ! !ories ( ! =mation ( coal & ( ! orig9 ( species4 ,see also ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 #bgc2 ,,xviii1 #e-ai1 #dgj2 also ,neues ,jahrb4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ahfd1 #ejg4 #bji4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,notice ( a new species ( ,d5dr]peton & ( ! d]mal cov]+ ( c]ta9 ,c>bonif]\s reptiles4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xix1 #dfi-dgc4 #baj4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod4 ,canadian ,naturali/ & ,geologi/1 ,,viii1 #a-ab1 #ha-ib1 #afa-age1 #bfh-bie1 ) pls4 #a-f4 #baa4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,! ,air-brea!rs ( ! ,coal ,p]iod4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#b71 ,,xxxvi1 #dcj-dcb4 #bab4 ----4 #ahfh4 ,l& animals ( ! ,coal ,p]iod4 ,acadian ,geology1 #ahfh1 #b;d ed41 *ap1 ,,xviii1 #cec-chb4 #bac4 ----4 #ahgj4 ,note on "s new animal rema9s f ! ,c>bonif]\s & ,devonian ( ,canada4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,,vii1 #hg2 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxvi1 #aff-afg2 ,canadian ,naturali/ 7#b71 ,v1 #ih-ii4 7,same pap] 9 all3 ,baphetes m9or47 #bad4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,on a rec5t discov]y ( ,c>bonif]\s ,batra*ians 9 ,nova ,scotia4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#c71 ,,xii1 #ddj-ddg4 #bae4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,acadian geology4 ,supplem5t to #c;d edition1 ,london1 ,amphibia1 #eg-fe4 #baf4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,on ! results ( ! rec5t explorations ( ! erect trees conta9+ animal rema9s 9 ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,clxxiii1 pt4 n1 #fba-fed4 pls4 #ci-dg4 #bag4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,on ! results ( rec5t explorations ( ! erect trees 7,batra*ia74 ,canadian ,naturali/ 7#b71 ,x1 #beb-bed4 7,ab/ract47 #bah4 ----4 #ahia4 ,on new specim5s ( ,d5dr]peton acadianum1 ) rem>ks on o!r ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibians4 ,geol4 ,mag4 7#c71 ,,viii1 #ade-aef1 #d figs4 #bai4 ----4 #ahia4 ,note on ,hylonom\s lyelli1 ) photographic reproduction ( skeleton4 ,geol4 ,mag41 n4 s41 ,dec41 ,,iii1 ,,viii1 #beh-bei1 pl4 #h4 #bbj4 ----4 #ahia4 ,on ! mode ( occurr5ce ( rema9s ( l& animals 9 erect trees ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,,ix1 sec4 ,,iv1 #abg-abh4 #bba4 ----4 #ahid4 ,"s sali5t po9ts 9 ! sci5ce ( ! e>?4 ,! ,olde/ ,air-brea!rs1 *ap4 ,x1 #bei-cjg1 ) re/orations & figures4 #bbb4 ----4 #ahid4 ,prelim9>y note on ! rec5t discov]ies ( ,batra*ians & o!r air-brea!rs 9 ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,canadian ,record ( ,sci5ce1 ,,vi1 #a-g1 #a fig4 #bbc4 ----4 #ahie4 ,synopsis ( ! air-brea?+ animals ( ! ,paleozoic ( ,canada 7up to #ahid74 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,,xii1 sec4 ,,iv1 #ga-gh4 #bbd4 ,dei*muell]1 ,j4 ,v4 #ahhb4 ,ueb] ,die ,/egocephal5 aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 des ,plau5's*5 ,grundes bei ,dresd54 ,,iii ,!il3 von ,h4 ,cr$n]4 ,sitzungsb4 ,isis1 ,dresd51 #ga4 #bbe4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,ueb] ,bran*iosaurus petrolei1 ,na*trge zur ,dyas ,,iii4 ,mit!ilung5 des kgl4 m9]al1 geol4 u4 praehi/4 ,museum 9 ,dresd51 ,heft #f1 ,paleontol4 ,abh&l4 aus dem ,dresd5] ,museum1 #e-ag1 ,taf4 ,i4 #bbf4 ,dollo1 ,l\is4 #ahhd4 ,note sur le ,batraci5 de ,b]niss>t4 ,bull4 ,mus4 ,roy4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,belg41 ,,iii1 #he-ic1 pl4 iii4 7,hylobatra*us croyii f ! ,weald547 #bbg4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,les ,labyr9?odontes4 ,rev4 ,que/4 ,sci5tif4 ,bruxelles1 ,,xvii1 #cje-cab4 #bbh4 ----4 #ahie4 ,sur la ,phylog5ie des ,dipneu/es4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,beige de ,geol4 ,paleont4 ,hydrol41 ,,ix1 #gi-agh1 pls4 v-x4 7,discusses relations to ! ,amphibia47 #bbi4 ,dunlop1 ,rob]t4 #aiaj4 ,! fossil ,amphibia 9 ! ,kilm>nock ,museum previ\s to ! fire ( ,novemb] #bf1 #aiji4 ,annals ,kilm>nock ,gl5field ,rambl]s ,society1 ,no4 #f1 #aj1 #b pls4 #bcj4 ,ea/man1 ,*as4 ,r4 #aijb4 ,! ,c>bonif]\s fi% fauna ( ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,x1 #ece-eda1 ) li/ ( fossil v]tebrates4 #bca4 ----4 #aijb4 ,translation ( ,zittel's ,text-book ( ,paleontology1 vol4 ,,ii1 #aad-aci1 figs4 #aic-bce4 #bcb4 ----4 #aijg4 ,devonic fi%es ( ! ,new ,york ,=mations4 ,memoir ,no4 #aj1 ,new ,york ,/ate ,mus41 #ahj-ahc4 #bcc4 ,ei*wald1 ,e4 #ahdh4 ,on ,zygosaurus lucius f ! ,p]mian ( ,russia4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 imp4 des ,natl4 de ,mosc\1 xxi1 #aei4 #bcd4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,le?a rossica ou ,paleontologie de la ,russie1 ,i1 ,/uttg>t4 #afbj-afcc1 tafeln #eg-ei1 ,labyr9?odont54 #bce4 ,embleton & ,at!y4 #ahgd4 ,on ! skull & o!r bones ( ,loxomma4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 s]4 #d1 xiv1 #ch-fc1 pls4 iv-vii4 #bcf4 ,em]y1 ,c4 #ahig4 ,die fossil5 ,re/e von ,ar*egosaurus und ,eryops und ihre ,b$eutung fr die ,morphologic des ,gli$mass5skelets4 ,anat4 ,anz41 xiv1 ,no4 #h1 #bja-bjh1 figs4 #a-g4 #bcg4 ,emmons1 ,e4 #aheg4 ,p]m und ,trias ,sy/em 9 ,nord ,c>ol9a4 ,ed9b4 n4 ,phil4 ,j\r41 ,v1 #cgj4 #bch4 ----4 #aheg4 ,dictyocephalus elegans ,leidy4 ,am]ican ,geology1 pt4 vi1 ,labyr9?odonts1 #ei1 figs4 #ca-cb4 #bci4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,dictyocephalus elegans ,leidy4 ,manual ( ,geology1 ,new ,york4 ,labyr9?odonts1 #ahj1 #ahd4 #bdj4 ,emmri*1 ,a4 #aheb4 ,b]i*t ueb] die ,natur=s*]v]sammlung 9 ,go?a im ,jahre #ahea4 ,jahrb4 d4 k4 k4 geol4 ,rei*san/alt1 p4 #aee1 ,wi54 #bda4 ,e!ridge1 ,rob]t4 #ahff4 ,on ! discov]y ( sev]al new ,labyr9?odont reptiles 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,irel&4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ill1 #d4 7,see ,huxley1 #ahfg47 #bdb4 ,fraas1 ,e4 #ahhi4 ,die ,labyr9?odont5 d] ,s*wbis*5 ,trias4 ,paleontographica1 xxxvi1 #a-aeh1 ) bibliography4 #bdc4 ----4 #ahif4 ,die ,s*wbis*5 ,trias-,sauri]4 ,fe/gabe des knigli*5 naturali5 ,cab9ets 9 ,/uttg>t zur #db ,v]sammlung d] deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,/uttg>t1 #a-h1 pls4 i-ii4 #bdd4 ,fraas1 ,e4 #aija4 ,labyr9?odon aus dem ,bunts&/e9 von ,te9a*4 ,jahre%efte des ,v]e9s f4 vat]l&is*e ,naturkunde 9 ,wrtemb]g1 ,jahr41 ,,lvii1 #cah-cbj4 #bde4 ----4 #aijc4 ,die geogno/is*e ,sammlung ,wrtemb]gs im ,p>t]re-,saal zuglei* e9 ,leitfad5 fr die geologis*5 ,v]hltnisse und die vorweltli*5 ,bewohn] uns]es ,l&es4 #b;d ,auflage4 #bdf4 ----4 #aijc4 ,rana danub9a ,h4 von ,mey] v>4 r>a1 ,o4 ,fraas aus dem ,ob]miocn von ,/e9heim4 ,jahre%efte des ,v]e9s f4 vat]l4 ,naturkunde 9 ,wrtemb]g1 ,jahr4 #aijc1 #aje-aaj1 ) fig4 #bdg4 ----4 #aiji4 ,rana hauffiana n4 sp4 aus d5 ,dysodils*ief]n des ,r&eck] ,ma>es4 ,jahre%efte des ,v]e9s f4 vat]l4 ,naturk4 9 ,wrtemb]g1 ,jahr4 #aiji1 #g1 ) #a fig4 #bdg;a4 ----4 #aiac4 ,neue ,labyr9?odont5 aus d] s*wbis*5 ,trias4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,lx1 #bge-bid1 pls4 xvi xxii1 ) text-figs4 #a-e4 #bdh4 ,fre*1 ,fritz4 #aija4 ,le?a geogno/ica od] ,bes*reibung und ,abbildung d] fr die ,gebirgs=mation bezei*n5d/5 ,v]/e9]ung54 ,i ,!il1 ,le?a2 a palozoica1 #b b&4 ,die ,dyas1 #dei-dga1 #bb figs41 pl4 #ef4 #bdi4 ,frits*1 ,anton4 #ahgj4 ,sitzungsb]i*te d] k4 ,gesell4 d4 ,wiss541 ,april #bg1 #ahgj4 7,describes #b new species ( ,amphibia47 #bej4 ----4 #ahge4 ,ueb] die ,fauna des ,pilsn] und ,rakonitz] ,beck5s4 ,sitzungsb4 d4 k4 ,boehmis*5 ,gesell4 d4 ,wiss5s*ft41 ,m>*4 #bea4 ----4 #ahhc-ahii4 ,fauna d] ,gaskohle und d] ,kalk/e9e d] ,p]m=mation ,boehm5s4 ,bd4 ,i1 #a-ahb1 #aaf figs4 ,tafeln i-xlviii2 ,bd4 ,,ii1 #a-fd1 figs4 #aag-adb1 ,tafeln xlix-lxx2 ,bd4 iv1 supplem5t #he-ih1 figs4 #chc-cid1 ,tafeln clxiii-clxiv4 ,?is is ! *ief "w on ext9ct ,amphibia4 #beb4 ----4 #ahie4 ,ueb] neue ,wirbel?i]e aus d] ,p]m=mation ,boehm5s1 neb/ e9] ,ueb]si*t d] aus d]selb5 bekannt geword55 ,art54 ,sitzungsb]4 d4 k4 ,boehmis*4 ,gesell4 d] ,wiss5s*aft51 ,prag1 ,i4 #bec4 ----4 #aije4 ,vorlufige ,notiz ueb] ,miscellanea ,paleontologica aus ,boehm5 und ,am]ica4 ,sitzungsb]4 d4 k4 ,boehm4 ,gesell4 d] ,wiss5s*aft51 ,prag1 ,kammplatt51 #c4 #bed4 ,frits*1 ,k>l ,freih]r4 #ahgi4 ,ref]at ueb] ,gaudry's ,sur les ,reptiles des ,temps primi]2 ,na*weis von ,protriton petrolei bei ,ob]h( 9 ,?u]+54 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #gbj4 #bee4 ,fu*s1 ,hugo4 #aiji4 ,betra*tung5 ueb] die ,s*lfengeg5d am ,s*del d] ,quadrup$a4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,xxxv1 ,no4 #e_/g1 #aac-afg1 #be figs4 #bef4 ,gad[1 ,hans4 #ahif4 ,on ! evolution ( ! v]tebral column ( ,amphibia & ,amniota4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 s]4 ,b1 ,,clxxxvii1 #a-eg1 #ef figs41 & bibliography4 #beg4 ----4 #aija4 ,amphibia & reptiles4 ,cambridge ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,viii1 ,/egocephala1 ,s4 ,london4 #beh4 ,gaudry1 ,alb]t4 #ahff4 ,note sur le ,reptile dc\v]t ,muse4 ,comptes ,r5dus de l',academie de ,sci5ce1 ,augu/1 #cda4 #bei4 ----4 #ahfg4 ,mmoire sur le ,reptile dc\v]t p> ,m4 ,fross>d ,muse4 ,n\v4 ,ar*iv du ,musee d',hi/4 ,nat41 ,,iii1 #bb-dj1 pl4 iii4 #bfj4 ----4 #ahfh4 ,note sur ,l',act9odon fross>di4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 ,s]4 #b1 ,,xxv1 #egf4 #bfa4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,les tres de ,temps primaire4 ,revue ,sci5tifique1 s]4 #b1 ,,xiii1 #iic4 #bfb4 ----4 #ahge4 ,les ,reptiles des ,s*i/es bitum9eux d',autun4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 #c;d s]41 ,,iv1 #gbj4 #bfc4 ----4 #ahge4 ,sur la ,dc\v]te de ,batraci5s proprem5t dits dans le ,t]ra9 primaire4 ,comptes ,r5dus1 ,,lxxx1 #dda-ddc4 #bfd4 ----4 #ahge4 ,sur la ,dc\v]te de ,batraci5s dans le ,t]ra9 primaire4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 s]4 #c1 91 #cjj-cjf1 pls4 vii-viii4 7,sec also #bfc above2 ,j\r4 ,zool41 iv1 #ch-da1 #cdb47 #bfe4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,les ,reptiles des ,s*i/es bitum9eux d',autun4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 s]4 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 #gbj-gbc1 pl4 xxii2 #ahgi1 ,,vii1 #fb2 #ahhe1 #c;d s]41 ,,xiii1 #dd4 #bff4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,sur les ,reptiles de ,temps primaires4 ,comptes ,r5dus1 ,,lxxxvii1 #ief4 #bfg4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,les ,v]tbrs fossiles des environs d',autun4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 ,france1 ,,vii1 #fb4 #bfh4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,les ,reptiles d4 l'poque ,p]mi5ne aux ,environs d',autun4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 s]4 #c1 ,,vii1 #fb-gf1 pls4 iii-iv4 #bfi4 ----4 #ahhj4 ,sur un ,reptile trs p]fectionn tr\v dans le t]ra9e ,p]mi54 ,comptes ,r5dus1 ,,xci1 #ffi-fga4 #bgj4 ----4 #ahha4 ,sur les plus anci5s ,reptiles tr\vs en ,france4 ,comptes ,r5dus ,acad4 ,sci4 ,p>is ,,xcii1 #aadc-aade4 #bga4 ----4 #ahha4 ,on a highly organiz$ reptile f ! ,p]mian ,=mation4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,vii1 #fg-ga4 #bgb4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,les ,reptiles primaires4 ,ar*4 ,zool4 ,exp]41 #b;d s]41 ,i1 #e-cj1 pls4 #a-g4 ) figs4 #bgc4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,les ,en*a9em5ts du ,monde animal dans les ,temps gologiques4 ,fossiles ,primaires1 ) #d figs4 ,p>is4 #bgd4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,n\velle ,note sur les ,reptiles ,p]mi5s4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 #c s]41 ,,xiii1 #dd-ea1 pls4 iv-v4 ,p>is4 #bge4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,n\velle ,note sur les ,reptiles ,p]mi5s4 ,comptes ,r5dus ,acad4 ,sci4 ,p>is1 ,,xcix1 #gcg-gch4 #bgf4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,paleontology 9 ,g]many & ,am]ica4 ,revue ,sci41 #g1 ,p>is2 ,geol4 ,mag4 7#c71 ,,ii1 ,london4 #bgg4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,sur un n\veau ,g5re de ,reptile du ,p]mi5 d',autun4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 s]4 91 ,,xiv1 #dcj-dcc1 taf4 #bc4 #bgh4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,l',act9odon4 ,n\velles ,ar*ives ,mus4 ,hi/4 ,nat41 ,p>is1 #b;d s]41 ,x1 #cj pp41 #c pls4 #bgi4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,les ,v]tbrs fossiles des environs d',autun4 ,mm4 ,soc4 d',hi/4 nat4 d',autun1 #ij pp4 et #f plan*es4 #bhj4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,sur les ,similitudes que plusi]s ,reptiles ont eues dans div]s ,pays de ,monde v] la ,f9 des ,temps primaires4 ,compte ,r5dus de la #c;d session ,congrs gologique int]national a ,b]l91 #a-d4 #bha4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,les ,v]tbrs fossiles des environs d',autun4 ,autun4 #bhb4 ----4 #ahij4 ,les ,en*a9em5t du ,monde ,animal dans les ,temps ,gologiques1 ,fossiles ,secondaires4 ,amphibia1 #afi4 #bhc4 ,gaupp1 ,ern/4 #ahie4 ,beitrge zur ,morphologie des ,s*dels4 ,ill3 ,zur v]glei*5d5 ,anatomie d] ,s*lf5geg5d am kn*]n5 ,wirbel?i]-,s*del4 ,morphologis*e ,arbeit5 h]ausgegeb5 von ,g4 ,s*walbe1 ,,iv1 ,i1 #gg-abh4 #bhd4 ,geg5baur1 ,c>l4 #ahfb4 ,unt]su*ung5 zur v]glei*54 ,anatomie d] ,wirbelsule bei ,amphibi5 und ,reptili54 ,leipzig4 #bhe4 ----4 #ahie4 ,clavicula und ,clei?rum4 ,morphol4 ,jahrb41 ,,xxiii1 #a-bj4 #bhf4 ,geikie1 ,ar*ibald4 #aije4 ,s*eu*z]'s ,fossil ,man4 ,f\nd]s ( ,geology1 #b;d ed41 #ih-ii4 ,london4 #bhg4 ,ge9itz1 ,h4 ,b4 #ahfd4 ,palosir5 be9]tii ,ge94 e9 neues ,reptile aus d] unt]5 ,dyas von ,oelb]g bei ,braman4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #eac-eaf4 #bhh4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,ueb] ,?i]fhrt5 9 d] ,/e9kohl5=mation von ,zwickau4 ,fe/s*rift ,natur4 ,gesell4 ,isis1 #fc-ff1 pl4 #b4 #bhi4 ---- und ,dei*muell]4 #ahhb4 ,ueb] die fossil5 ,sauri] 9 dem ,kalke des ,ro?lieg5d5 bei ,dresd54 ,sitzungsb]4 ,isis1 #f-i4 #bij4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,die ,sauri] des unt]] ,dyas von ,s*s54 ,paleontographica1 ,,xxix1 #i-df1 pls4 #a-i4 #bia4 ,g]g5s1 ,dr4 #ahdd4 ,lett] to ,pr(essor ,bronn ann\nc+ ! discov]y ( ! ,apa!on describ$ by von ,mey] z an amphibian4 ,! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( ,amphibia f ,c>bonif]\s4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #di4 #bib4 ,giebel1 ,c4 ,g4 #ahdg4 ,fauna d] ,vorwelt mit /et] ,b]cksi*tigung d] leb5d5 ,?i]e4 ,amphibia 9 ,bd4 i1 ,ab?4 #b1 #afe-bac4 #bic4 ----4 #ahed4 ,odontography1 ,leipsic4 #bid4 ,gold5burg1 ,fr4 #ahgc4 ,fauna ,s>pontana fossilis--,die fossil5 ,?i]e aus d] ,/e9kohl5=mation von ,sa>brck54 ,heft ,i1 p4 #d1 ,taf4 r1 fig4 i4 7,an?racosaurus raniceps47 #bie4 ,goldfuss1 ,dr4 ,a4 #ahca4 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss v]s*i$5] ,reptili5 d] ,vorwelt4 ,reptili5 aus d] s*ief]ig5 ,braunkohle4 ,v]h&lung5 d] k4 leop4 ,c>ol4 ,akad4 d4 ,naturf41 ,,xv1 ,ab?4 #a1 #aag-abf1 pls4 xii-xiii4 #bif4 ----4 #ahdg4 ,ueb] das lte/e d] mit ,be/imm!it]kannt5 ,reptili54 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #djj1 taf4 #f4 7,ar*egosaurus47 #big4 ----4 #ahdg4 ,beitrge zur vorweltli*5 ,fauna des ,/e9kohl5gebirg54 ,bonn1 qu>to1 taf4 #a-c4 #bih4 ,goodri*1 ,e4 ,s4 #aiaa4 ,on ! segm5tation ( ! occipital region ( ! head 9 ! ,batra*ia ,urodela4 ,proc4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 #aja-abj1 figs4 #bii4 ,gregory1 ,w4 ,k4 #aiaa4 ,! limbs ( ,eryops & ! orig9 ( pair$ limbs f f9s4 ,sci5ce1 n4s41 ,,xxxiii1 ,no4 #hdh1 #ejh-eji4 #cjj4 ----4 #aiac4 ,crossopt]ygian ance/ry ( ! ,amphibia4 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xxxvii1 ,no4 #ifj1 #hjf-hjh4 #cjj;a4 ----4 #aiae4 ,pres5t /atus ( ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ! ,tetrapoda1 ) special ref]5ce to ! skull & pair$ limbs4 ,ann4 ,new ,york ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 ,,xxvi1 #cag-chc1 pl4 iv4 7,/egocephali1 p4 #cfe47 #cja4 ,gn!r1 ,alb]t4 #ahhi4 ,on sexual diff]5ces f\nd 9 bones ( "s rec5t & fossil species ( frogs & fi%es4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 s]4 #c1 ,,iv1 #cgg4 #cjb4 ,gri*1 ,g4 #ahhd4 ,ueb] e9ige ,sauri] des ob]s*les4 ,mus*elkalkes4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxvi1 #ada4 #cjc4 ,hancock1 ,a4 #ahfi4 ,note on ,an?racosaurus4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #d? s]41 ,,iv1 #bgj4 #cjd4 ,hancock & ,at!y4 #ahfh4 ,notes on ! rema9s ( "s reptiles & fi%es f ! %ales ( ! ,nor?umb]l& ,coal ,field4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #d? ,s]41 ,i1 #bff-bgh1 pls4 xiv-xvi4 #cje4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,on a new ,labyr9?odont ,amphibian f ! ,nor?umb]l& ,coal ,field & on ! occurr5ce 9 ! same locality ( ,an?racosaurus4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 s]4 #d1 ,,iv1 #ahb-ahi2 also ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,trans4 ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham1 91 #ahfi1 #ccj4 7,urocordylus reticulatus47 #cjf4 ----4 #ahgj4 ,on ,urocordylus1 ,pt]oplax4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,trans4 ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham1 ,,iii4 #cjg4 ----4 #ahgj4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( ,loxomma allmanni 9 ! ,nor?umb]l& ,coal ,field4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 s]4 #d1 ,v1 #cgd-cgi4 #cjh4 ----4 #ahgj4 ,description ( a ,labyr9?odont ,amphibian2 a new g5]ic =m obta9$ 9 ! ,coal ,%ales at ,new%am4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 s]4 ,,iv1 ,,vi1 #ef-fe1 pl4 i4 7,batra*id]peton l9eatum47 #cji4 ----4 #ahga4 ,description ( a consid]able portion ( a m&ibul> ramus ( ,an?racosaurus russelli1 ) notes on ,loxomma & ,ar*i*?ys4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #d? s]41 ,,vii1 #gc1 pl4 vi4 #caj4 ----4 #ahga4 ,batra*id]peton4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,trans4 ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham1 ,,iv1 #bjh4 #caa4 ,hancock & ,h[se4 #ahgj4 ,on a new ,labyr9?odont ,amphibian f ! magnesium lime/one ( ,midd]idge1 ,durham4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxvi1 #eef-efd1 pl4 #ch4 ,p]mian ( ,engl&1 ,lepidotosaurus duffii1 a ,labyr9?odont ( "s #c to #d feet 9 l5g?4 #cab4 ,haeckel1 ,ern/4 #ahie4 ,sy/ematis*e ,phylog5ie d] ,wirbel?i]e 7,v]tebrata74 ,amphibia1 #bff-bhc4 ,also ,hi/ory ( ,creation1 ,trans41 #e? ed41 #aiji1 n1 #bie-cjj4 #cac4 ,hat* & ,cor/orph9e4 #aije4 ,! geology ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,! ,k>oo ,sy/em1 #aid4 #cad4 ,hat*]1 ,j4 ,b4 #aije4 ,! v]tebrate fauna ( ! ,judi? ,riv] ,b$s4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol44 ,surv41 ,no4 #beg1 #fg-ajc4 7,scaph]peton & ,hemitrypus47 #cae4 ,hay1 ,o4 ,p4 #ahij4 ,! skeletal anatomy ( ,amphiuma dur+ its e>ly /ages4 ,j\r4 ,morphol41 ,,iv1 #aa-cd1 ) pls4 #caf4 ----4 #aijj4 ,description ( "s v]tebrates ( ,c>bonif]\s ,age4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,,xxxix1 ,no4 #afa1 #if-abc4 7,amphibamus gr&iceps47 #cag4 ----4 #aijb4 ,catalogue & bibliography ( fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 ,no4 #agi1 ,batra*ia1 #dji-dbe4 #cah4 ,hickl+1 ,g4 #aiji4 ,briti% ,p]mian footpr9ts4 ,mem4 & ,proc4 ,man*e/] ,lit4 & ,phil4 ,soc41 #ec1 #cj1 pl4 #c4 #cai4 ,hilton1 ,wm4 ,a4 #aijb4 ,a /ructural feature connect$ ) ! mat+ ( ,diemyctylus viridesc5s4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xxxvi1 #fdc4 #cbj4 ,hoep51 ,e4 ,c4 ,n4 van4 #aiae4 ,/egocephalia ( ,s5ekal4 ,ann4 ( ! ,transvaal ,mus41 ,v1 ,no4 #b1 #abe-adi1 pls4 xvi-xxiv4 #cba4 ,ho]nes1 ,rud4 #ahhd4 ,elem5te d] ,paleontologie1 #dde-dec4 ,leipzig4 #cbb4 ,h(fman1 ,a4 ,h4 #ahgc-gh4 ,amphibi54 ,bd4 ,,vi1 #b;d ,ab?41 ,bronn's ,class5 und ,ordnung5 des ,?i]rei*es4 #cbc4 ,hu5e1 ,fri$ri* von4 #aijb4 ,ueb]si*t ueb] die ,reptili5 d] ,trias4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon4 ,abh&l41 ,n4 ,p41 ,,vi1 ,h4 #a1 #bj1 #ba1 #ha4 #cbd4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,neubes*reibung des ,p]mis*5 ,/egocephal5-,dasyceps buckl&i aus ,k5ilwor?4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon4 ,abh&l4 h]ausgegeb5 v4 ,e4 ,kok51 ,n4 ,p41 ,,viii1 ,h4 #f1 #cc-df1 fig4 pl4 i1 ii4 #cbe4 ----4 #aiab4 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss des ,s*dels von ,eryops4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,bd4 #da1 pp4 #ih-ajd1 figs4 #cbf4 ----4 #aiac4 ,ueb] ,lysorophus aus dem ,p]m von ,texas4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,bd4 #dc1 #chi-cif4 #cbg4 ----4 #aiac4 ,! skull elem5ts ( ! ,p]mian ,tetrapoda 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york4 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxxii1 #cae-chf1 #eg figs4 #cbh4 ,huxley1 ,?omas ,h5ry4 #ahei4 ,on ,dasyceps buckl&i 7,labyr9?odon buckl&i ,lloyd74 ,mem4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 #eb-ef1 figs4 #a-b2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 n1 #bfc1 figs4 #a-b4 #cbi4 ----4 #ahei4 ,on a fragm5t ( a l[] jaw ( a l>ge ,labyr9?odont f ,cubb+ton4 ,mem4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 #ef-eg2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 #bfi4 #ccj4 ----4 #ahei4 ,on "s ,amphibian & reptilian rema9s f ,s\? ,africa & ,au/ralia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xv1 #fdb-fdi1 pls4 xxi-xxii2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 #abj-abi1 pls4 #g-h4 #cca4 ----4 #ahfb4 ,on new ,labyr9?odonts f ! ,ed9burgh ,coal ,field4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xviii1 #bia-bif1 pl4 xi2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 #ecj-ece4 pl4 #cg4 #ccb4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,description ( ,an?racosaurus russelli1 a new ,labyr9?odont f ! ,lan>k%ire ,coal-,field4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xix1 #ef-fh1 figs42 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 #eeh-egb1 figs4 #a-b4 #ccc4 ----4 #ahfe4 ,on a collection ( v]tebrate fossils f ! ,pan*et ,rocks4 ,ranigunj4 ,b5gal4 ,mem4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ( ,india3 ,paleontologia ,indica4 s]4 iv2 ,indian ,pret]ti>y ,v]tebrata1 ,i1 ,amphibia1 #c-h1 pls4 vi1 & figs42 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 91 #ij-abj1 figs41 pl4 #af4 #ccd4 ----4 #ahfg4 ,on a collection ( fossil ,v]tebrata f ! ,j>r[ ,colli]y1 ,c\nty ( ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,iri% ,acad41 #ahga1 ,,xxiv1 #cea-cfi 7,read ,jan4 #f1 #ahff71 pls4 xix-xxiii2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 91 #ahj-aig1 pls4 #ag-ba4 #cce4 ----4 #ahfi4 ,on a new ,labyr9?odont f ,brad=d4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xxv1 #cji-caa1 pl4 xi2 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,iii1 #cia-cic1 pl4 #bf4 #ccf4 ----4 #ahge4 ,amphibia4 ,art4 9 ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 #i? ed41 ,i1 #gej-gga4 #ccg4 ----4 #ahgi4 ,on ! *>act]s ( ! pelvis 9 ! ,mammalia & ! conclusions respect+ ! orig9 ( mammals :i* may be bas$ on !m4 ,proc4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,lond41 ,,xxviii1 #cie-dje1 figs42 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,iv1 #cde-cef1 figs4 #cch4 ,jaeg]1 ,dr4 ,georg ,fri$rick4 #ahbd4 ,de ,i*?yosauri sive ,proteosauri ,fossilis ,specim5ibus 9 ,agro ,boll5si 9 ,wrtemb]gia4 ,folio1 ,,ii4 7,fir/ m5tion ( ! discov]y ( ,labyr9?odonts1 a too? & occipital region ( a cranium1 :i* 9 #ahcc ,jaeg] designat$ ,ma/odonsaurus giganteus4 ,?is 0 & /ill is ! l>ge/ kn[n amphibian47 #cci4 ----4 #ahbh4 ,ueb] die fossil5 ,reptili5 wel*e im ,wrtemburg aufgefund5 word5 s9d4 ,qu>to1 #ce-ch1 pls4 iv-v4 #cdj4 ----4 #ahcc4 ,ma/odonsaurus giganteus4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 ,geol4 de ,france1 ,,iii1 #hf4 #cda4 ----4 #ahej4 ,ueb] die ,ueb]e9/immung des ,pygopt]us lucius ,agassiz mit dem ,ar*egosaurus de*5i4 ,abh4 ,ma?-phys4 ,classe d4 ,bayr4 ,akad41 ,v1 #hgg1 pl4 #cdb4 ,jaekel1 ,otto4 #ahid4 ,ueb] die sog5nante ,falt5zhne und complicirte ,zahnbildung ueb]haupt4 ,sitzb4 d4 ,gesell4 naturf4 ,freunde zu ,b]l91 ,no4 #e1 #adf4 #cdc4 ----4 #ahif4 ,ueb] die ,krp]=m und ,haut ,b$eckung von ,/egocephal54 ,sitzungsb]4 d4 ,gesell4 naturf4 ,freunde zu ,b]l91 #a-h1 #a fig4 #cdd4 ----4 #ahif4 ,die ,organization von ,ar*egosaurus4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xlviii1 #eje-eba1 figs4 #a-aj4 #cde4 ----4 #aijb4 ,gephyro/egus bohemicus4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,liv1 ,heft #c1 #abg-acb4 #cdf4 ----4 #aijc4 ,ueb] die ,epiphyse und ,hypophyse4 ,sitzungsb4 d4 ,gesell4 naturf4 ,freunde1 ,no4 #b1 #bg-eh4 #cdg4 ----4 #aijc4 ,ueb] ,c]at]peton1 ,dic]atosaurus und ,diplocaulus4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 ,i1 #aji-acd1 pls4 ii-v4 #cdh4 ----#aijd4 ,ueb] die ,bildung d] er/5 ,halswirbel und die ,wirbelbildung im ,allgeme954 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,lvi1 #aji-aai1 figs4 #cdi4 ----4 #aije4 ,ueb] die prim>e ,gli$]ung des ,unt]kief]s4 ,sitzungsb]4 d4 ,gesell4 naturf4 ,freunde1 ,no4 #d1 #acd4 #cej4 ----4 #aiji4 ,ueb] die ,klass5 d] ,tetrapod54 ,zool4 ,anz41 ,,xxxiv1 ,nr4 #g_/h1 ,apr4 #bj1 #aic-bab1 figs4 #a-ae4 #cea4 ----4 #aiji4 ,ueb] die ,beur!ilung d] pa>ig5 ,extremitt54 ,sitzungsb4 d4 knig4 ,preuss4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss541 ,,xxvi1 #gjg-gbd4 #ceb4 ----4 #aiac4 ,ueb] d5 ,ban des ,s*a$els4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,ergnzung%eft1 ,bd4 #dd4 #gg-id1 mit figur54 #cec4 ,jordan1 ,h4 #ahdi4 ,ergnz5de ,bem]kung5 zu d] ,abh&lung von ,goldfuss ueb] die ,gattung ,ar*egosaurus4 ,v]h&l4 d4 naturhi/4 ,v]e9es f4 ,rhe9l&e u4 ,we/phal51 ,,vi1 #gf-ha1 taf4 #d4 #ced4 ,kays]1 ,fri$ri*4 #aijb4 ,geologie von ,boehm54 ,v]lag von ,i4 ,taussig1 #ajgd-abaj4 7,=mations ( ,bohemia :]e ,amphibia h be5 f\nd47 #cee4 ,k9ahan1 ,g4 ,h4 #ahgh4 ,geology ( ,irel&1 ,london2 ,! ,j>r[ ,colli]y4 #aaf-aai4 #cef4 ,k+1 ,alfr$ ,t4 #ahdd4 ,description ( fossil footm>ks suppos$ to be ref]able1 to ! classes ,birds1 ,reptilia4 & ,mammalia f\nd 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s s]ies 9 ,we/morel& ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,phila41 #age-agi4 #ceg4 ----4 #ahde4 ,description ( a fossil footm>k ( ! quadrup$ ,!n>opus4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xlviii1 #cdc-ceb1 #ab figs42 also #a 7n4 s471 #bfh4 #ceh4 ,k+sley1 ,t4 ,s4 ,sy/ematic position ( ,ccilians4 ,tufts ,college ,/udies ,no4 #g 7,,xxx72 also ,no4 #g 7,,xxviii71 ,amphiuma4 #cei4 ,klaats*1 ,h]mann4 #ahif4 ,die ,bru/flosse d] ,crossopt]ygi]4 ,fe/s*rift fr ,geg5baur1 ,bd4 ,i1 #bei-cia1 ,taf4 i-iv4 #cfj4 ,knipe1 ,h5ry ,r4 #aiab4 ,amphibians ( ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,evolution 9 ! ,pa/1 #ei4 & plate4 #cfa4 ,kunis*1 ,h]mann4 #ahhe4 ,ueb] die ,unt]kief] von ,ma/odonsaurus silesiacus ,hun4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxxvii1 #ebh-ecc1 ) figs4 #a-b4 #cfb4 ----4 #ahij4 ,labyr9?odont51 ,re/e d4 ob]s*les4 ,mus*elkalkes4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xlii1 #cgg-che1 ,taf4 ,,xx4 #cfc4 ,kutorga1 ,/eph4 #ahch4 ,beitrag zur ,k5ntniss d] organ4 ,ueb]re/e des ,kupf]s&/e9es am we/li*5 ,abhange des ,urals4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 mit tafeln4 #cfd4 ,lake1 ,j4 ,j4 #ahgh4 ,reptiles ( ! prim>y p]iod4 ,engli% ,me*anic1 ,,xxviii1 #dch-dci4 #cfe4 ,lambe1 ,l4 ,m4 #aijb4 ,scaph]peton tectum--a batra*ian f ! ,cretace\s4 ,contr4 ,canadian ,paleontology1 ,,iii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #ca4 #cff4 ----4 #aijd4 ,progress ( v]tebrate paleontology 9 ,canada4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,x1 sec4 ,,iv1 #ac-ef4 #cfg4 ,laube1 ,gu/av ,c4 #ahih4 ,&riasre/e aus d] ,boehmis*5 ,braunkohl5=mation4 ,abh&l4 d4 deuts*4 naturw4-m$4 ,v]e9es f4 ,boehm5 ,lotos1 ,i1 heft #b1 #be4 #cfh4 ----4 #ahih4 ,amphibi5re/e aus dem ,diatomace5s*ief] von ,sulloditz4 ,abh&l4 d4 deuts*4 naturw4-m$4 ,v]e9es f4 ,boehm5 ,lotos1 ,i1 heft #c1 #aj1 taf4 ,i1 fig4 #f4 #cfi4 ----4 #aija4 ,synopsis d] ,wirbel?i]fauna d] bhm-,braunkohl5=mation und ,bes*reibung neu] od] bi%] unvoll/ndig bekannt] ,art54 ,abh&l4 d4 deuts*4 naturw4-m$4 ,v]e9es f4 ,boehm5 ,lotos1 ,,ii1 heft #d1 #eb-eh4 #cgj4 ----4 #aiji4 ,neue ,&rias-re/e aus dem ,ton5 von ,pres*5 bei ,bil94 ,lotos1 ,,lvii1 #f4 #cga4 ,lea1 ,isaac4 #ahdi4 ,on traces ( a fossil reptile 7,sauropus primvus7 f\nd 9 ! old ,r$ ,s&/one 7,p5nsylvania74 ,rep4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #ef1 #b;d "p2 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #ia-id4 #cgb4 ----4 #ahee4 ,fossil footm>ks 9 ! ,r$ ,s&/one ( ,pottsville4 #a-af1 ) a l>ge plate4 ,l>ge folio2 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,x1 #aheb1 ,apr4 #a-ac1 ,pls4 #ca-cc4 #cgc4 ,leidy1 ,joseph4 #ahef4 ,notices ( rema9s ( ext9ct v]tebrat$ animals discov]$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,emmons4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #bef4 7,dictyocephalus elegans47 #cgd4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,fossil foot-tracks ( ! ,an?racite ,coal ,measures4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 xxxi1 #afd-afe4 #cge4 ,le ,roy1 ,j4 ,j4 #ahgd4 ,notiz ueb] ,ar*egosaurus de*5i ,goldfuss und ,a4 latiro/ris ,jordan4 ,ni$]l4 ,ar*iv4 f4 ,zoologie4 ,,ii1 #hi-ih4 #cgf4 ,lesley1 ,j4 ,p4 #ahhi4 ,a diction>y ( ! fossils ( ,p5nsylvania & neighbor+ /ates4 ,9 ?ree volumes4 ,publi%$ by ! ,p5n4 ,geol4 ,surv4 #cgg4 ,leunis1 ,johannes4 #ahhc4 ,synopsis d] ,?i]kunde4 #c;d ,auflage1 ,bd4 ,i1 #eii-fca4 7,amphibia47 #cgh4 ,lillie1 ,frank ,r4 #aijh4 ,! developm5t ( ! *ick4 ,! ,v]tebr1 #dab-dbd1 figs4 #bdf1 #bdi1 #bej4 #cgi4 ,lloyd1 ,g4 #ahdi4 ,on a new species ( ,labyr9?odon f ! ,new ,r$ ,s&/one ( ,w>wick%ire4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci5ce1 #ef4 ,see ,huxley 7#cbh7 & ,f4 von ,hu5e 7#cbd74 #chj4 ,logan1 ,william4 #ahdb4 ,proc4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,london1 ,,iii1 pt4 ,,ii1 #gjg4 #cha4 ,lohe/1 ,maxim94 #ahhh4 ,dc\v]te de plus anci5 ,amphibi5 connu et de quelques ,fossiles rem>quables de ,fam5ni5 suprieur de ,modave4 ,notice prelim9aire4 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,geol4 ,belgique1 ,,xv1 p4 ,,cxx1 fig4 #a4 #chb4 ,lortet1 ,dr4 ,l4 #ahib4 ,les ,reptiles fossiles du ,bass9 du ,rhone4 ,ordre des ,amphibi5s1 #abe-abg1 pl4 xii2 ,ar*ives du ,museum d',hi/4 ,natur4 de ,lyon1 ,v4 #chc4 ,lucas1 ,f4 ,a4 #aijd4 ,a new ,batra*ian & a new reptile f ! ,trias ( ,arizona4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xxvii1 #aic-aie1 pl4 7,het]odontosu*us1 a belodont2 ,metoposaurus fraasii1 a labyr9?odont47 #chd4 ,lydekk]1 ,ri*>d4 #ahgi4 ,reptilia & ,batra*ia 7,amphibia74 ,paleontologia ,indica1 s]4 ,,iv1 ,i1 #a-cf1 pls4 i-vi2 ,amphibia1 #ag-bj1 pls4 iii-vi4 7,pa*ygonia1 ,gonioglyptus1 ,ma/odonsaurus47 #che4 ----4 #ahhj4 ,a sket* ( ! hi/ory ( ! fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,india4 ,j\r4 ,asiatic ,society ,b5gal1 ,,xlix1 pt4 ,,ii1 #h-dj2 ,fossil ,batra*ians1 #af1 li/ ( species1 #ch-ci4 #chf4 ----4 #ahha4 ,note on "s ,gondwana v]tebrates4 ,rec4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,india1 ,,xiv1 #agd4 7,gonioglyptus1 ,pa*ygonia1 ,glyptogna?us47 #chg4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,note on ! ,bijori ,labyr9?odont4 ,rec4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,india1 ,,xvi1 #ic4 #chh4 ----4 #ahhc4 ,synopsis ( ! fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,india4 ,rec4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,india1 ,,xvi1 #fa2 ,amphibia1 #fd1 #hh4 #chi4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,! ,reptilia & ,amphibia ( ! ,mal]i & ,d5wa ,gr\ps4 ,paleontologia ,indica1 s]4 ,,iv1 ,i1 pt4 #e1 #f pls4 #cij4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,! ,bijori ,labyr9?odont4 ,paleontologia ,indica1 s]4 ,,iv1 ,i1 #a-ad1 pt4 #d2 also1 ,cope1 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xix1 #eib4 #cia4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,! fossil ,v]tebrata ( ,india4 ,rec4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,india1 ,,xx1 p4 #fh4 #cib4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,dr4 ,h]mann ,cr$n] on ! developm5t ( ,bran*iosaurus4 ,geol4 ,mag41 n4s41 ,dec4 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 #bgf-bgh4 #cic4 ----4 #ahij4 ,catalogue ( fossil ,amphibia & ,reptilia 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,natural ,hi/ory74 ,amphibia1 "p ,,iv1 #aba-bbe4 #cid4 ----4 #ahia4 ,on a ,labyr9?odont skull f ! ,kilk5ny ,coal ,measures 7,irel&74 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xlvii1 #cdc-cdg1 #a fig4 #cie4 ----4 ,! new natural hi/ory1 ,v1 ,amphibia1 #beg-caj2 ,labyr9?odontia1 #caa4 7,see also ,ni*olson & ,lydekk] 7#dii747 #cif4 ,lyell1 ,*as41 & ,j4 ,w4 ,dawson4 #ahec4 ,on ! rema9s ( ! reptile 7,d5dr]peton acadianum7 & a l& %ell 7,coal ,measures74 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,ix1 #eh-fc1 ) pls4 #cig4 ,maggi1 ,leopoldo4 #ahih4 ,plac*e o/eod]mi*e int]p>ietali ,/egocephali e rispond5ti ,c5tri ,ossificazione int]p>ietali dell ',uomo4 ,reale ,in/4 ,lomb>d1 di ,sci4 ,lett4 7#b71 ,,xxxi1 #baa1 #bbh1 pl4 #a4 #cih4 ----4 #ahig4 ,requitals de ,re*]*es morphologiques sur des ,os et des ,fontanelles du ,crne huma94 ,ar*4 ,ital4 d4 ,biol41 ,t4 #bg1 #bcj-bch4 #cii4 ,mak[sky1 ,alex4 #ahgf4 ,ueb] e95 neu5 ,labyr9?odont5 ,ar*egosaurus au/ricus4 ,sitzungsb4 d4 k4 ,akad4 wiss4 ,wi54 ,ma?4 ,natur4 ,classe1 ,ab?4 #a1 ,,lxxiii1 ,heft #c1 #aee-aff4 #djj4 ----4 und ,a4 ,rzehak4 #ahhd4 ,die geologis*5 ,v]hltnisse d] ,umgebung von ,brn54 ,v]h&lgn4 d4 ,nat4 ,v]e9 zu ,brnn1 ,,xxii4 7,die fr"h ,ar*egosaurus au/ricus wird zu ,melan]peton ge/ellt47 #dja4 ,malbranc1 ,m4 #ahge4 ,von d] ,seit5l9ie und ihre ,s9nesorgan5 bei ,amphibi54 ,leipzig4 ,zeit4 f4 wiss4 ,zool41 ,,xxvi1 #bd1 pls4 #a-d4 #djb4 ,mantell1 ,g4 ,a4 #ahea4 ,petrifactions & _! tea*+s4 ,fossil ,batra*ians1 #ahc4 #djc4 ----4 #ahff4 ,wond]s ( geology4 ,labyr9?odonts1 #eea4 #djd4 ,m>%1 ,o4 ,c4 #ahfb4 ,discov]y ( new ,enaliosaurian rema9s 9 ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,on ! saurian v]tebr f ,nova ,scotia4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 & ,arts1 ,,xxxiv1 ,m>4 #a1 pl4 i1 figs4 #a-b4 ,see also ,neues ,jahrb4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ahfc1 #bdg2 ,canad4 ,nat4 & ,geol41 ,,vii1 #bje-bac2 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xix1 #eb-ef2 ,huxley1 ,sci5tific ,memoirs1 ,,ii1 #eff4 #dje4 ----4 #ahhg4 ,eobatra*us agilis 9 ! 7,como ,b$s7 ,jura ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxiii1 #cbh2 ,v]tebrate fossils ( ! ,d5v] ,bas91 ,monograph ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 ,,xxvii1 #ejh1 #ahig4 #djf4 ----4 #ahid4 ,footpr9ts ( v]tebrates 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kansas4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xlviii1 #b;d s]41 ,july-,dec41 #ha-hd1 pls4 ii-iii4 #djg4 ----4 #ahif4 ,amphibian footpr9ts f ! ,devonian4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci4 7#d71 ,,ii1 #cgd-cge1 ) #djh4 ,mat!w1 ,g4 ,f4 #aijc4 ,new g5]a ( ,batra*ian footpr9ts ( ! ,c>bonif]\s sy/em ( ea/]n ,canada4 ,canadian ,record ( ,sci5ce1 ,,ix1 ,no4 #b1 #ii-aaa1 ) figs4 #dji4 ----4 #aijc4 ,an attempt to classify ,paleozoic ,batra*ian footpr9ts4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada 7#b71 ,,ix 7,,iii71 #aijc1 #aji-aba4 #daj4 ----4 #aijc4 ,on ,batra*ian & o!r footpr9ts f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,jogg9s1 ,n4 ,s4 ,bull4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,v1 ,no4 ,,xxi1 #ajc-ajh1 ) plate ( excell5t photos2 ,no4 ,,xxii1 #bdg4 #daa4 ----4 #aije4 ,note 9 ref]5ce to ,batra*ian footpr9ts4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,,xxi1 #ajb4 #dab4 ----4 #aije4 ,note on ! g5us ,hylopus ( ,dawson4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,,xxii1 #bdg-beb1 figs4 #dac4 ----4 #aijd4 ,new species & a new g5us ( ,batra*ian footpr9ts ( ! ,c>bonif]\s sy/em 9 ,ea/]n ,canada4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,canada1 ,x 7,,iv71 #gg-aaj1 pls4 #a-f4 #dad4 ,mat!w1 ,w4 ,d4 #aiji4 ,! olde/ l& reptiles ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,j\r41 ,,ix1 ,no4 #d1 #ia-ie4 photos ( ,eryops & ,diplocaulus4 #dae4 ----4#aiaa4 ,! ,amphibians ( ! great ,coal ,swamp4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,j\r41 ,,xi1 ,no4 #f1 #aig-bjj4 7,re/oration ( ,eryops47 #daf4 ,m]rill1 ,geo4 ,p4 #aijg4 ,catalogue ( ! type & figur$ specim5s ( fossils1 m9]als1 rocks1 & ores4 ,"p ,,ii3 ,fossil ,v]tebrates1 #i-ab4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #ec1 pt4 ,,ii4 ,two species ( ,amphibia are li/$ z fi%es1 #gd1 #gg4 #dag4 ,metcalfe1 ,a4 ,t4 #ahhd4 ,on fur!r discov]ies ( v]tebrate rema9s 9 ! ,triassic /rata ( ! ,s\? ,coa/ ( ,devon%ire11 betwe5 ,budleigh1 ,salt]ton & ,lidm\?4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xl1 #beg4 #dah4 ,mey]1 ,h]mann von4 #ahch4 ,re*]*es sur les ,ossem4 foss4 du gres big>re de ,s\ltz les ,ba9s4 #dai4 ----4 #ahcd4 ,odontosaurus voltzii4 ,mem4 de la ,soc4 d'hi/4 nat4 de ,/rasb\rg4 #dbj4 ----4 #ahdb4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #cja-cjd4 7,proposes sy/em ( classification47 #dba4 ----4 #ahdd4 ,beitrge zur ,paleontologie ,wrtemb]gs1 #a-da1 mit #ab tafeln4 ,en?alt5d die fossil5 ,wirbel?i]]e/e aus d5 ,triasgebild5 mit besond]] ,rcksi*t auf die ,labyr9?odont5 des ,keup]s4 #dbb4 ----4 #ahdd4 ,apa!on p$e/ris4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ccf4 7,he reg>d$ ,apa!on z a salam&]-l =m1 a ,bran*iosaurian47 #dbc4 ----4 #ahde4 ,sy/em d] fossil5 ,sauri]4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #bgh-bhe4 #dbd4 ----4 #ahdg4 ,die ,/e9brcke von ,o5+54 ,fossile ,batra*i]4 ,fauna d] ,vorwelt1 ,bd4 ,i1 #ah-dj1 pls4 #i-aj4 #dbe4 ----4 #ahdg-ahee4 ,die ,sauri] des ,mus*elkalkes mit ,rcksi*t auf die ,sauri] aus ,bunt5 ,s&/e9 und ,keup]4 ,fauna d] ,vorwelt1 ,bd4 ,,ii1 #a-afd1 ,pls4 #eh-fd4 ,l>ge folio4 7,ma/odonsaurus1 ,metopias1 ,capitosaurus47 #dbf4 ----4 #ahdh4 ,apateon p$e/ris aus d] ,/e9kohl5=mation von ,mn/]appel4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,i1 #aec-aed1 pl4 xx1 fig4 #a4 #dbg4 ----4 #ahdh4 ,mit!ilung an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,labyr9?odontia4 ,neues4 ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #dfi4 7,labyr9?odon ocella47 #dbh4 ----4 #ahdi4 ,ueb] d5 ,ar*egosaurus d] ,/e9kohl5=mation4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,i1 #bji1 ,dec4 7#ahea71 pl4 #cc4 #dbi4 ----4 #ahea4 ,mit!ilung an ,pr(essor ,bronn1 ,rana jaeg]i4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #gh4 #dcj4 ----4 #ahea4 ,bes*reibung d] fossil5 ,decapod51 ,fis*e1 ,batra*i]1 und ,suge?i]e aus dem ,t]tir5 ,ssswass]gebild5 des nrdli*5 ,boehm5s4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,ii1 #dc4 #dca4 ----4 #aheb4 ,mit!ilung5 an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon43 ,palobatra*us gigas1 #dfe2 ,rana ngg]a?i1 #eh2 ,r4 tros*eli1 #dff2 ,r4 salzhaus]5sis1 #dfg4 #dcb4 ----4 #ahec4 ,mit!ilung5 an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon43 ,rana m]iani1 #afc1 #ahe2 ,palobatra*us gigas1 #afb4 #dcc4 ----4 #ahed4 ,mit!ilung ueb] ,ar*egosaurus4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #dbd4 #dcd4 ----4 #ahef4 ,ueb] ,o/eophorus roem]i1 ,briefl4 ,mit!il4 an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #hbd4 #dce4 ----4 #aheg4 ,mit!ilung an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon43 ,palobatra*us gracilis1 #eee4 #dcf4 ----4 #aheg4 ,reptili5 aus d] ,/e9kohl5=mation 9 ,deuts*l&4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vi1 #bai-bbj1 text-fig4 7,ar*egosaurus 7 #dcg4 ----4 #aheg4 ,o/eophorus roem]i1 ,bes*reibung d]selb5 9 ,roem]3 ,ueb] ,fis*- und ,pflanz5fhr5de ,m]gels*ief] des ,ro?lieg5d5 bei ,neundorf4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,ix1 #fa4 #dch4 ----4 #aheh4 ,reptili5 aus d] ,kohl/e9=mation 9 ,deuts*l&4 ,cassel1 ,folio2 also ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vi1 #ei-bah1 ,tafeln viii-xxiii4 7,ar*egosaurus4 7 #dci4 ----4 #aheh4 ,labyr9?odont5 aus dem bunt5 ,s&/e9 von ,b]nburg4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vi4 #bba-bde1 ,tafeln xxiv-xxvii4 #ddj4 ----4 #aheh4 ,mit!ilung an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon43 ,rana danub9a1 #bjc4 #dda4 ----4 #ahei4 ,mit!ilung an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon43 ,triton basalticus1 #dcj2 ,&rias ts*udii1 #gbc4 #ddb4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,ueb] ,ar*egosaurus4 ,erwid]ung auf die ,ausfhrung5 von ,qu5/$t 9 ,epo*5 d] ,natur1 p4 #daj4 ,briefl4 ,mit!il4 an ,pr(essor ,bronn4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ga-gb4 #ddc4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,o/eophorus roem]i aus dem ,ro?lieg5d5 von kle9 ,neundorf 9 ,s*lies54 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vii1 #ii-ajd1 pl4 xi4 #ddd4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,froes*e aus ,t]ti> ,gebild5 ,deuts*l&s4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vii1 #abc-ahb1 pls4 #af-bb4 #dde4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,melosaurus ural5sis aus d] ,p]mis*e ,sy/em des we/li*5 ,urals4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vii1 #ij-ih1 pl4 x4 #ddf4 ----4 #ahfj4 ,salam&r95 aus d] ,braunkohle am ,rhe9 und 9 ,boehm54 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,vii1 #dg-gc1 pls4 viii1 ix4 #ddg4 ----4 #ahfc4 ,heli>*on furcillatus1 e9 ,batra*i] aus d] ,braunkohle von ,rott 9 ,sieb5gebirge4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,x1 #bib-bih1 ,taf4 #ej1 figs4 #e-f4 #ddh4 ----4 #ahff4 ,reptili5 aus dem ,kupf]s&/e9 ,russl&s4 ,paleontographica1 ,bd4 ,,xv1 #ig-acj4 #ddi4 ,miall1 ,l4 ,c4 #ahgc4 ,report on ! ,labyr9?odonts ( ! ,coal ,measures4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #bbe1 pls4 #a-c4 #dej4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,on ! classification ( ! ,labyr9?odontia4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #adi-aib1 ) #b plates4 #dea4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,! classification ( ! ,labyr9?odonts4 ,geol4 ,mag41 #b;d s]41 ,i1 #eac4 #deb4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( a ,labyr9?odont 9 ! ,yorkdale ,rocks ( ,w5sleydale4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxx1 #gge4 #dec4 ----4 #ahgd4 ,on ! rema9s ( ,labyr9?odontia f ! ,keup] ,s&/one ( ,w>wick1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,w>wick ,museum4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxx1 #dag-dce1 pls4 #bf-bh4 7,ma/odonsaurus pa*ygna?us2 ,labyr9?odon leptogna?us2 ,diadetogna?us v>vic5sis47 #ded4 ----4 #ahge4 ,sur les ,labyr9?odontes du ,t]ra9 h\ill]4 ,deuxieme p>tie4 ,j\r1 de ,zool41 iv1 #ai-cg4 #dee4 ,mill]1 ,s4 ,a4 #ahhi4 ,nor? ,am]ican geology & paleontology4 ,amphibia1 #fad4 #def4 ,miv>t1 ,geo4 #ahgj4 ,on ! axial skeleton ( ! ,urodela4 ,proc4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 #bfj-bgh4 #deg4 ,moodie1 ,roy ,l4 #aijh4 ,dissorophus ,a correction4 ,sci5ce1 n4s41 ,,xxvii1 ,no4 #fgi1 #cj4 #deh4 ----4 #aijh4 ,! lat]al l9e sy/em 9 ext9ct ,amphibia4 ,j\r4 ,morphol41 ,,xix1 ,no4 #b1 #eaa-edj1 #ag figs4 #dei4 ----4 #aijh4 ,! ance/ry ( ! caudate ,amphibia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 #db1 #cfa-cgc1 figs4 #a-aj4 #dfj4 ----4 #aijh4 ,! dawn ( quadrup$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,pop4 ,sci4 ,mon?ly1 ,,lxxii1 ,june1 #eeh-eff1 #e figs4 #dfa4 ----4 #aijh4 ,! clasp+ organs ( ext9ct & rec5t ,amphibia4 ,biol4 ,bull41 ,,xiv1 ,no4 #d1 ,m>41 #bdi-bei1 ) #e figs4 #dfb4 ----4 #aiji4 ,new =ms 7ext9ct ,amphibia7 f ! ,c>bonif]\s4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 ,i1 ,jan4-,feb41 #ch-hb1 #bd figs4 #dfc4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! ,c>bonif]\s quadrup$s ( ,kansas1 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ,p5nsylvania 9 _! relation to ! classification ( ! s-call$ ,amphibia & ,/egocephalia4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,xxii1 #bci-bdc1 pls4 #a-c4 #dfd4 ----4 #aiji4 ,c>bonif]\s air-brea?+ v]tebrates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #cg1 #aa-bh1 pls4 #d-aj4 #dfe4 ----4 #aiji4 ,new or little-kn[n =ms ( ,c>bonif]\s ,amphibia 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,bull4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 xxvi1 art4 xxv1 #cdg-ceg1 pls4 lviii-lxv4 #dff4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! ,lysorophid4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xliii1 #aaf4 7,review47 #dfg4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! ,/egocephala4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xliii1 #aai4 7,a review ( pap] by ,hugo ,s*w>z47 #dfh4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! morphology ( ! v]tebrate sacral rib4 ,anat4 ,anz41 xxxiv1 ,no4 #ae1 #cfa-cfd4 #dfi4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! ,microsauria1 ance/ors ( ! ,reptilia4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec4 ,v1 ,,vi1 ,no4 #eci1 #baf-bbj1 #a fig4 #dgj4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,! ,amphibia ( ! ,mazon ,creek ,%ales4 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xxxi1 ,no4 #ghi1 p4 #bcc4 #dga4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,! alim5t>y canal ( a ,c>bonif]\s salam&]4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xliv1 ,no4 #ebb1 #cfg-cge4 #d s4 #dgb4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,a new ,labyr9?odont f ,kansas4 ,sci5ce1 n4s44 ,,xxxii1 ,no4 #hbi1 ,nov4 #ah4 #dgc4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,a new ,labyr9?odont f ! ,kansas ,coal ,measures4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xxxix1 #dhi-die1 #d figs4 #dgd4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,two ,amphibians1 "o ( !m new1 f ! ,c>bonif]\s ( ,ill9ois4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xl1 #dbi-dcc1 figs4 #a-b4 #dge4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,rec5t contributions to a k ( ! ext9ct ,amphibia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xlv1 ,june1 #cge-chd4 #dgf4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,! temnospondyl\s ,amphibia1 & a new species ( ,eryops f ! ,p]mian ( ,oklahoma4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,v1 ,no4 #ac1 #bce-bec4 ,pls4 xlix-liv4 #dgg4 ----4 #aiab4 ,! skull /ructure ( ,diplocaulus magnicornis & ! amphibian ord]1 ,diplocaulia4 ,j\r4 ,morphol41 ,,xxiii1 ,no4 #a1 #ca-ci1 pls4 #a-b4 #dgh4 ----4 #aiab4 ,! ,p5nsylvanic ,amphibia ( ! ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 ,%ales4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci1 ,bull41 vi1 ,no4 #b1 #cbc-cei4 ,pls4 #a-ad4 #dgi4 ----4 #aiab4 ,! ,mazon ,creek1 ,ill9ois1 ,%ales & _! amphibian fauna4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxiv1 ,sept41 #bgg-bhe1 figs4 #a-b4 #dhj4 ----4 #aiab4 ,an ,am]ican ,jurassic frog4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxiv1 ,sept41 #bhf-bhh4 #dha4 ----4 #aiad4 ,! fossil frogs ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxviii1 ,dec41 #eca-ecf1 figs4 #a-b4 #dhb4 ----4 #aiad4 ,a li/ ( ! describ$ species ( fossil ,amphibia4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 #i1 ,no4 #b1 #ac-bh4 #dhc4 ----4 #aiae4 ,a rem>kable ,microsaur f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,ohio4 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xli1 ,no4 #ajdd1 #cd-ce4 #dhd4 ----4 #aiae4 ,coal ,measures ,amphibian ) an osse\s t>sus4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xxxix1 ,may1 #eji-eab1 figs4 ,i1 #b4 #dhe4 ----4 #aiae4 ,! scal$ ,amphibia ( ! ,coal ,measures4 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xli1 ,no4 #ajef1 #dfc-dfd4 #dhf4 ----4 #aiae4 ,"s rec5t /udies on fossil ,amphibia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xlix1 ,june1 #cfi-cgf4 #dhg4 ----4 #aiae4 ,a new fi% bra9 f ! ,coal ,measures ( ,kansas1 ) a review ( o!r fossil bra9s4 ,j\r4 ,comp4 ,neurol41 ,,xxv1 ,no4 #b1 #afd4 #dhh4 ----4 #aiae4 ,a fur!r contribution to a k ( ! lat]al l9e sy/em 9 ext9ct ,amphibia4 ,j\r4 ,comp4 ,neurol41 ,,xxv1 ,no4 #d1 #cag-cbh1 figs4 #a-i4 #dhi4 ----4 #aiae4 ,"s me?ods ( /udy+ fossils emb$d$ 9 coal4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,sci4 ,bull41 ,,ix1 ,no4 #af1 #ahg-aic1 figs4 #a-c1 pl4 ,l4 #dhi;a4 ----4 ,! migrations & geographic di/ribution ( ! fossil ,amphibia4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci41 ,,xl1 #ahf-aij1 i map4 #dhi;b4 ----4 ,! ,coal ,measures ,amphibia & ! ,crossopt]ygia4 ,am]4 ,nat41 ,,xlix1 #fcg-fdd4 #dij4 ,mudge1 ,b4 ,f4 #ahgc4 ,rec5t discov]ies ( fossil footpr9ts 9 ,kansas4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,ii1 #g-i4 #dia4 ,mn/]1 ,georg1 ,graf ,zu4 #ahcd4 ,vorlufige ,na*ri*t ueb] e9ige neu5 ,reptili5 im ,mus*elkalk von ,bai]n4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ebg4 7,ma/odonsaurus47 #dib4 ----4 #ahcf4 ,capitosaurus ar5aceus4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ehj4 #dic4 ----4 #ahci4 ,ma/odonsaurus adriani4 ,beitrge zur ,petrefactionkunde1 #ajb4 #did4 ,mur*ison1 ,rod]ick ,i4 #ahgb4 ,siluria ,a hi/ory ( ! olde/ rocks 9 ! ,briti% ,isles & o!r c\ntries4 #e? ed41 #cjb1 #cdc4 #die4 ,newb]ry1 ,j4 ,s4 #ahef4 ,description ( sev]al new g5]a & species ( fossil fi%es f ! ,c>bonif]\s /rata ( ,ohio4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,viii1 #ih4 #dif4 ----4 #ahfg4 ,on "s fossil reptiles & fi%es f ! coal /rata ( ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 & ,ill9ois4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #add-adf4 #dig4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,geology ( ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,iii1 #gcf-gcg4 #dih4 ----4 #ahhi4 ,palozoic fi%es ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,monograph ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv41 xvi1 #bbh4 7,discusses ,kammplatt52 ,amphibia ( ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 #baa-bad2 ,fauna ( ,mazon ,creek1 #bad4 ,see also ,hodge1 #ahgh1 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,ohio1 ,,iii1 #eib47 #dii4 ,ni*olson & ,lydekk]4 #ahhi4 ,manual ( paleontology4 ,amphibia1 ,,ii1 #ajah-ajde4 #ejj4 ,oldham1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,d4 #ahge4 ,on a salam&ri=m ,labyr9?odont f ! ,coal ,measures ne> ,ca/lecom]1 ,irel&4 ,rept4 ,rugby ,s*ool ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 #gd-gf1 pl4 vii4 #eja4 ----4 #ahic4 ,geology ( ,india4 #b;d ed4 ,! ,gondwana ,sy/em1 #adi4 #ejb4 ,ow51 ,sir ,ri*>d4 #ahdj-ahde4 ,batra*ians4 ,odontography1 #ahg-bah1 pls4 #fb1 #fc1 #fd4 #ejc4 ----4 #ahdb4 ,on ! tee? ( ! species ( ! g5us ,labyr9?odon ( ,jaeg] f ! ,g]man ,keup] & ! s&/one ( ,w>wick & ,leam+ton4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,viii1 #eh2 also1 ,geol4 ,trans4 ,,ii1 s]4 ,,vi1 #ejc4 #ejd4 ----4 #ahdb4 ,description ( p>ts ( ! skeleton & tee? ( ! g5us ,labyr9?odon4 ) rem>ks on ,*eiro!rium4 ,trans4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,vi1 pt4 #b1 #eae-edc1 pls4 xliii-xlvii4 #eje4 ----4 #ahdb4 ,on ! tee? ( species ( ! g5us ,labyr9?odon4 ,trans4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,vi1 pt4 #b1 #ejc-eac1 pl4 #dc1 fig4 #a4 7,discusses validity ( t]m ,ma/odonsaurus4 ,read ,jan4 #aa1 #ahda47 #ejf4 ----4 #ahdg4 ,on ! ,batra*olites indicative ( a small species ( frog 7,rana pusilla74 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,iii1 #bbd4 7,see ,cl>k1 #ajc1 p4 #bba47 #ejg4 ----4 #ahec4 ,notice ( a batra*oid fossil 9 ! ,briti% ,coal ,%ale4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,ix1 #fg-gj1 pl4 iii4 #ejh4 ----4 #ahec4 ,notice ( a batra*oid fossil ,p>abatra*us colei 9 ! ,briti% ,coal ,%ale4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,x1 #bjg4 #eji4 ----4 #ahec4 ,baphetes planiceps a fossil emb$d$ 9 a mass ( coal f ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,x1 #bjg-bjh1 pl4 ix4 #eaj4 ----4 #ahed4 ,description ( ! cranium ( a ,labyr9?odont reptile 7,bra*yops7 f ! ,triassic ( ,c5tral ,india4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,x1 #dgc4 7,ab/ract47 #eaa4 ----4 #ahee4 ,description ( ! cranium ( a ,lubyr9?odont reptile f ,mangala1 ,c5tral ,india4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xi1 #cg1 pl4 #eab4 ----4 #ahei4 ,on ! ord]s ( fossil & rec5t ,reptilia & _! di/ribution 9 "t4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #aec-aff4 #eac4 ----4 #ahfa4 ,paleontology1 #b;d ed41 ,amphibia1 #aic4 #ead4 ----4 #ahfb4 ,descriptions ( specim5s ( fossil ,reptilia discov]$ 9 ! ,coal ,measures ( ! ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xviii1 #bch-bdd1 pls4 #i-aj4 #eae4 ----4 #ahfe4 ,description ( "s rema9s ( an air-brea?+ v]tebrate 7,an?rak]peton crasso/eum7 f ! ,coal ,%ale ( ,glamorgan%ire4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,,ii1 #f-h1 pls4 i-ii4 #eaf4 ----4 #ahff4 ,on ! anatomy ( ! ,v]tebrata4 ,amphibia1 ,i1 #h4 #eag4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,on ,petrophryne granulata ,ow41 a ,labyr9?odont reptile f ! ,trias ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 ,imp4 de ,nat4 de ,mosc\4 7,review47 #eah4 ----4 #ahgf4 ,catalogue ( ! fossil ,reptilia ( ,s\? ,africa 9 ! collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,labyr9?odontia1 #fg-gj1 pl4 xx1 figs4 #ac-bj2 pl4 lxx1 fig4 #c4 #eai4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,on a ,labyr9?odont ,amphibian f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,xl1 #ccc1 #b pls4 #ebj4 ----4 #ahhd4 ,on ,rhytido/eus cap5sis ,ow41 a ,labyr9?odont f ! ,trias ( ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 7#e71 ,,xiii1 #dha4 #eba4 ,pab/1 ,wm4 #ahif-aije4 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,?i]fhrt5 9 dem ,ro?lieg5d5 ,deuts*l&s4 ,zeit4 d] deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 #ahif1 ,,xlviii1 #fch1 #hjh2 #aijj1 ,,lii1 #dh2 ,,lvii1 #a-ad1 #cfa-cgi1 ) pls4 7,"s ( ! tracks describ$ may be amphibian47 #ebb4 ,p&]1 ,*r4 ,h4 #aheh4 ,ueb] die ,ct5odipt]95 des devonis*5 ,sy/ems4 #ebc4 ,pictet1 ,f4 ,j4 #ahec4 ,trait de palontologie1 #b;d ed41 tome premi]4 #ebd4 ,poll>d1 ,h4 ,b4 #ahia4 ,on ! anatomy & phylog5etic position ( ,polypt]us4 ,anat4 ,anz41 ,,vi1 #cch2 ,zool4 ,jahrb4 7,morphol4 ,ab?471 ,v1 #ahic1 #chg-dbh1 ) pls4 #ebe4 ,portis1 ,a4 #ahhe4 ,re/i di ,batraci fossili ,italiani3 appunti paleontologi1 pt4 #b1 p4 #cj4 #ebf4 ,pus*1 ,b]gra?4 #ahdb4 ,fossile ,batra*i] und ,ophidi] ,re/e aus ,podoli54 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #agi-ahj4 #ebg4 ,qu5/$t1 ,f4 ,a4 von4 #ahej4 ,die ,ma/odonsauri] im gru55 ,keup]s&/e9 ,wrtemb]gs s9d ,batra*i]1 #daj1 #a-cd1 #d ,tafeln4 #ebh4 ,qual51 ,wang5heim von4 #ahde & #aheb4 ,two pap]s on ! skull ( ,zygosaurus lucius4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,imp4 ,nat4 ,mosc\1 ,,xviii1 #chi 7#aheb71 #dgb4 #ebi4 ----4 #ahfa4 ,bem]kung5 zum ,ar*egosaurus4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #bid-cjj1 ) pl4 iii4 7,see also ,baur1 #ahhf1 ,am]4 ,nat41 #agc1 & ,zool4 ,anz41 #ahhf1 ,nr4 #baf47 #ecj4 ----4 #ahhe4 ,atlas zum ,h&bu* d] ,petrifactionskunde4 ,amphibia1 pl4 #ah4 #eca4 ,raymond1 ,p]cy ,e4 #aijg4 ,on ! discov]y ( reptilian rema9s 9 ! ,p5nsylvanian ne> ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,sci5ce1 n4 s41 ,,xxvi1 #fgf1 #hce4 #ecb4 ,rjab991 ,m4 ,a4 #aiaa4 ,dbris de ,/egocephales tr\vs aux ,m9es de ,k>gala ,g\v]nem5t d',oremb\rg4 ,bull1 du ,comm4 ,geol4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,,xxx1 ,no4 #ahe1 pls4 #a-b4 #ecc4 ----4 #aiab4 ,ueb] die ,ueb]re/e d] ,/egocephal5 aus d5 ,k>gal9okis*5 ,b]gw]k5 des ,g\v]nm5ts ,or5b]g1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #cg pages1 pls4 #a-b4 #ecd4 ,roem]1 ,f]d9&4 #aheg4 ,ueb] ,fis*e und ,pflanz5fhr5de ,m]gels*ief] des ,ro?lieg5d5 bei ,kle9-,neundorf und ueb] ,acan?odes gracilis4 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,ix1 #fa4 #ece4 ,s*eu*z]1 ,j4 ,j4 #agbf4 ,"p ( two human skeletons petrifi$4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #agbf1 abridg$ edition1 ,,vii 7#agbd-agcd71 #abi4 7,translat$ f ! ,lat9 ( a lett] to ,sir ,hans ,sloan1 a memb] ( ! ,royal ,society47 #ecf4 ,s*mid1 ,e4 #ahec4 ,die organis*5 ,re/e des ,mus*elkalks4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ae4 #ecg4 ,s*midt1 ,m4 #aijg4 ,labyr9?odont5re/e aus dem ,hauptkonglom]at von ,alt5/eig im wrtemb]gis*5 ,s*w>zwald4 ,/uttg>t4 ,mit!il4 d4 ,geol4 ,ab?41 d4 ,k4 ,wrtemb4 ,/ale/4 ,l&esamts1 ,jahrg4 #fc1 ,no4 #b1 #a-aj1 ) plate4 #ech4 ,s*nfeld1 ,g4 #aiaa4 ,bran*iosaurus t5] ,s*nf4 ,e9 neu] ,/egocephal aus dem ro?l4 des ,nordwe/ ,s*s5s4 ,isis1 #ai-dc1 ) plate4 #eci4 ,s*rd]1 ,h5ry4 #aiac4 ,e9 ,/egocephal5 ,s*del von ,helgol&4 ,jahresb4 d4 k4 preuss4 geol4 ,l&esan/alt fr #aiab1 #cc1 ,!il ,,ii1 ,heft #b1 ,taf4 #ae-ba4 #edj4 ,s*w>z1 ,hugo4 #aijh4 ,ueb] die ,morphologic d] ,wirbelsule d] ,tetrapod54 ,sitzungsb4 d4 ,gesell4 naturf4 ,freunde zu ,b]l91 #cae-cbi4 #eda4 ----4 #aijh4 ,ueb] die ,wirbelsule und die ,ripp5 holospondyl] ,/egocephal5 7,lepospondyli1 ,zittel74 ,beitrge zur ,geol4 u4 ,paleon4 ,oe/]rei*s-,ung>ns u4 des ,ori5ts1 ,bd4 ,,xxi1 ,heft #a-b1 #fc-aje1 #cf figs1 & ,bibliography4 #edb4 ,scott1 ,w4 ,b4 #aijh4 ,an introduction to geology4 #b;d revis$ edition4 ,amphibia1 #fjh1 #fcf1 #feb1 #fgd1 #fib4 #edc4 ,s$gwick1 ,adam4 #aije4 ,/egocephali 9 ,/ud5t's ,text-book ( ,zoology1 ,,ii1 #cac4 #edd4 ,seeley1 ,h4 ,g4 #ahge4 ,on ! po/]ior portion ( a l[] jaw ( ,labyr9?odon 7,l4 lavisi7 f ! ,trias ( ,lidm\?4 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc41 ,,xxxii1 #bgh-bhd1 pl4 xix4 #ede4 ----4 #ahgi4 ,amphibians f ! ,p]mian ,rocks ( ,bohemia4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec4 ,,ii1 ,,vi1 #eba-ebh1 #d woodcuts2 #ahhe1 #hj-hg4 7,a review ( ,frits*'s "w47 #edf4 ----#ahib4 ,fur!r obs]vation on ,p>eiasaurus4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,clxxxiii1 #cfg4 #edg4 ,seeley1 ,h4 ,g4 #aijg4 ,a new ,labyr9?odont f ! ,k>oo ,b$s1 ,cape ,colony4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec4 ,v1 ,,iv1 ,no4 ,x1 #dcc-dcd4 pl4 #a4 #edh4 ----4 #aijh4 ,a ,labyr9?odont too? f ! upp] ,k>oo ,b$s1 ,s\? ,africa4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec4 ,v1 ,v1 ,no4 vi1 #bda-bdc1 pl4 x4 #edi4 ,smi?1 ,john4 ,footpr9ts 9 r$ calcif]\s s&/ones 9 a railway cutt+ #b-a_/d miles ,n4 ( ,we/ ,kilbride4 ,trans4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ( ,glasg[1 ,,ix1 #bja4 #eej4 ,/ejneg]1 ,leonh>d4 #aijd4 ,amphibia v]sus ,batra*ia4 ,sci5ce1 n4s41 ,,xx1 #ibd4 #eea4 ----4 #aijg4 ,h]petology ( ,japan & adjac5t t]ritory4 ,bull4 ,no4 #eh1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 #a-egf1 pls4 i-xxxv1 & figs4 #eeb4 ,/e9mann-,dd]le94 #ahij4 ,elem5te d] ,paleontologie4 ,amphibia1 #fja4 #eec4 ,/e9mann1 ,gu/av4 #aijg4 ,e9fhrung 9 die ,paleontologie4 ,zweite ,auflage4 #b ,klasse3 ,amphibia1 ,lur*e1 #dba-dbg1 figs4 #eed4 ,/eph5s1 ,a4 ,t4 #ahhf4 ,on ! ,biloela ,labyr9?odont4 ,proc4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,,ii s]41 ,i1 #aaac4 #eee4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,on "s additional ,labyr9?odont fossils f ! ,hawksbury s&/one ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,proc4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,i 7#b71 #aage-aaib4 #eef4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,note on a ,labyr9?odont fossil f ,cockatoo ,isl& 7,ma/odonsaurus74 ,proc4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 ,new ,s\? ,wales 7#b71 ,i1 #ica-idj4 #eeg4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,second note on ,platyceps wilk9soni4 ,proc4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,,ii 7#b71 #aef-aeh1 pl4 i4 #eeh4 ,/]nb]g1 ,c4 ,h4 #aija4 ,! ,p]mian life ( ,texas4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #id-ih4 #eei4 ,/ev5son1 ,j4 ,j4 #aijg4 ,c>bonif]\s ( ! ,appala*ian bas94 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]41 ,,xviii1 #bi-agh4 #efj4 ,/orrie1 ,j4 #ahic-d4 ,notes on a too? ( a species ( ,ma/odonsaurus4 ,trans4 ,c>dif4 ,nat4 ,soc41 ,,xxvi1 pt4 ,,ii1 #aje1 pl4 #efa4 ,/ock1 ,?omas4 #ahha4 ,on "s ,briti% specim5s ( ! ,kammplatt5 or ,kammlei/5 ( ,pr(essor ,frits*4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #e? s]41 ,,viii1 #ij-ie1 pl4 vi4 #efb4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,notice ( "s discov]ies rec5tly made 9 ,c>bonif]\s v]tebrate paleontology4 ,nature1 ,,xxvii1 ,nov4 #b;d1 #bb4 ,describes new species ( ,ophid]peton 7nanum7 & ,pt]oplax 7cornuta74 #efc4 ----4 #ahhb4 ,fur!r obs]vations on ,kammplatt5 & ,note on ,ct5op?y*ius pect9atus4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 7#e71 ,,ix1 #bec-beg1 pl4 viii4 #efd4 ,/rickl]1 ,ludwig4 #ahii4 ,ueb] d5 microscopis*5 ,bau d] ,flt5zhne von ,eryops megacephalus4 ,paleontographica1 ,,xlvi1 #he-id1 #a fig41 ,tafeln xi-xii4 #efe4 ,!v591 ,arm&4 #aije4 ,sur le ,dc\v]te d',amphibi5s dans le ,t]ra9 h\ill] de ,comm5try4 ,comptes ,r5dus ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,cxli 7#bf71 #abfh-abfi4 #eff4 ----4 #aijf4 ,amphibi5s et ,reptile du ,t]ra9 ,h\ill] de ,france4 ,annales de ,palontologie1 ,tome ,i1 fas4 91 #a-ai1 #b pls4 #efg4 ----4 #aiji4 ,les ,/ades d',evolution des plus anci5s ,quadrupdes tr\vs en ,france4 ,comptes r5dus des ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,cxlix1 #abbb1 ,dec4 #bj4 #efh4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,les plus anci5s ,quadrupdes de ,france4 ,annales de ,palontologie1 ,tome ,v1 #a-fd1 pls4 i-ix2 ,v1 fas4 ,i1 #a-d4j1 pls4 #a-f4 #efi4 ,?ompson1 ,james1 & ,pr(essor ,"y4 #ahfi4 ,on new =ms ( ,pt]oplax & o!r ,c>bonif]\s ,labyr9?odonts & o!r ,megali*?ys ) notes4 ,rept4 ,brit4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 pt4 ,,ii1 #aja4 #egj4 ,?yng1 ,f4 ,w4 #aijf4 ,! squamosal bone 9 ,tetrapod\s ,v]tebrata4 ,tufts ,college ,/udies1 ,,ii1 ,no4 #b1 sci5tific s]ies1 #ce-gd4 #ega4 ,tomes1 ,*as4 ,s4 #ahgh4 ,a manual ( d5tal ,anatomy1 human & comp>ative4 #e? ed41 #fe4 #egb4 ,tomes1 ,john4 #ahej4 ,on ! /ructure ( ! d5tal tissues ( ! ord] ,rod5tia4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,london1 #ecb4 7,rem>ks on ! /ructure ( ! tee? ( ,labyr9?odon jaeg]i47 #egc4 ,trauts*old1 ,h4 #ahhd4 ,die ,re/e p]mis*5 ,reptili5 des ,paleontologis*5 ,cab9ets d] ,univ]sitt ,kasan4 ,n\v4 ,mem4 de la ,soc4 ,imp4 ,nat4 ,mosc\1 ,,xv1 #e-ci1 ,taf4 #a-h4 #egd4 ,ts*udi1 ,johannes ,j4 von4 #ahci4 ,classification d] ,batra*i] mit ,b]cksi*tigung d] fossil5 ,?i]e dies] ,ab!ilung d] ,reptili54 ,mem4 de la ,soc4 ,sci5tif4 ,nat4 de ,neu*atel1 #dto1 ,,ii4 ,review3 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al4 ,geol4 ,paleon41 #ahda1 #hce-hdj4 #ege4 ----4 #ahcg4 ,ueb] d5 ,homo diluvii ,te/is ,a4 ,s*eu*z]4 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #ede-edg4 #egf4 ,twelvetrees1 ,w4 ,h4 #ahhj4 ,on a ,labyr9?odont skull 7,platyops ric>di ,twel47 f ! upp] ,p]mian cuprif]\s /rata ( ,k>gal9sk1 ne> ,or5burg4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 ,imp4 des ,natl4 de ,mosc\1 ,,lv1 ,no4 ,i1 #aag-abb1 ) figs4 #egg4 ,udd51 ,j4 ,a4 #aija4 ,geology ( ,jeff]son ,co41 ,i[a4 ,i[a ,geol4 ,surv41 ,,xii1 ,ann4 ,rept41 #djf4 #egh4 ,v]sluys1 ,j4 #aiji4 ,die ,salam&] und die ursprngli*/5 vi]be9ig5 ,l&wirbel?i]e4 ,naturwiss5s*aftli*e ,wo*5s*rift1 ,neue ,folge1 ,bd4 ,,viii1 ,no4 #c1 #a-bh1 figs4 #a-e4 #egi4 ,vidal1 ,l\is ,m>iano4 #aijb4 ,sobre la pres5cia del tramo ,kim]idg5se en el ,montseih y hallazgo de un ,batracio en sus hiladas4 ,memorias ,real ,academ4 ,ci5c4 y ,artes de ,b>celona1 ,,iv1 ,no4 #ah4 #ehj4 ----4 #aijb4 ,sur le pres5ce de l'etage ,kim]idgi5 an ,montseih 7,prov9ce de ,l]ida1 ,espagne7 et dc\v]te d'un ,batraci5 dans ces assises4 ,memorias ,real ,academ4 ,ci5c4 y ,artes de ,b>celona1 iv1 ,no4 #ah4 #eha4 ,vogt1 ,c>l4 #ahed4 ,ar*egosaurus und all ,labyr9?odont5 s9d ,amphibi5 ni*t ,reptili54 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #fgf-fgg4 #ehb4 ,wagn]1 ,a4 #ahfa4 ,neue ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] vorweltli*5 ,fauna des li?ograph4--,s*ief]s4 ,abh&l4 d] k4 ,bay] ,akad4 d] ,wiss54 ,classe1 ,bd4 ,,ii1 ,ab?4 ,,ix1 #c-fj & #dae-ebh4 #ehc4 ,waldheim1 ,fis*] von4 #ahdj4 ,na*trag zu ,h]rn ,major von ,qual5's geogno/is*5 ,beitrg5 zur ,k5ntniss des we/li*] ,urals4 ,bull1 de la ,soc4 imp4 des ,natl4 de ,mosc\1 #dhh4 #ehd4 ----4 #ahdg4 ,notice sur quelques ,sauri5s de l',ooli! du ,gov]nm5t de ,simborsk4 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,nat4 de ,mosc\1 xx1 pt4 i1 #cfd1 pl4 v4 #ehe4 ,walt]/orff1 ,w4 #ahhg4 ,ueb] fossile ,froes*e insbesond]e das ,gattung ,palobatra*us4 ,!il ,i1 ,!il ,,ii1 #hvo4 ,jahresb]i*t d4 naturw4 ,v]e9s zu ,magdeburg1 #a-ha4 #ehf4 ----4 #aija4 ,ueb] e9 ,exempl> von ,rana m]iani von ,mey] 9 ,s5k5b]gis*5 ,museum zu ,frankfurt4 ,b]i*t ,s5k5b4 naturf4 ,gesell41 #ci-ea1 pl4 #ehg4 ,w>d1 ,j4 #ahij4 ,on ! geological features ( ! ,nor? ,/af=d%ire ,coal-,field4 ,trans4 ,nor? ,/af=d%ire ,in/4 ( ,m9+ & ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 ,x1 pl4 ix4 #ehh4 ----4 #aijj4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( ,labyr9?odont rema9s 9 ! ,keup] s&/one ( ,/anton4 ,trans4 ,nor? ,/af=d%ire ,field ,club1 ,,xxxiv1 #ajh-aab1 pls4 iv-v4 #ehi4 ----4 ,paleontology ( ! ,patty ,coal ,field4 ,mem4 ,geol ,surv4 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 pt4 ,,iii1 #bhe-ceg4 #eij4 ,watson1 ,d4 ,m4 ,s4 #aiad4 ,! ,*eiro!rium4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,,vi1 ,i1 ,no4 #fjc1 #cie-cih4 #eia4 ----4 #aiab4 ,! l>g] ,coal ,measure ,amphibia4 ,mem4 & ,proc4 ,man*e/] ,lit4 & ,philos4 ,soc41 ,,lvii1 pt4 ,i1 ,no4 ,i1 #a-d1 #a pt4 #eib4 ----4 #aiac4 ,batra*id]peton l9eatum1 ,hancock & ,at!y1 a ,coal-,measure ,/egocephalian4 ,proc4 ,lond4 ,zool4 ,soc41 pt4 ,,iv1 #idi-ifb1 ) #b plates & figures 9 text4 #eic4 ----4 #aiac4 ,! e>ly evolution ( ! ,amphibia4 ,rept4 #hc;d ,meet+ ,briti% ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #ecb4 #eid4 ----4 #aiab4 ,on "s ,reptilian l[] jaws4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #h? s]ies1 vol4 #aj1 ,july-,dec41 #egc-ehg4 ) figures4 #eie4 ----4 #aiac4 ,micropholis ,/[i ,huxley1 a temnospondyl\s amphibian f ,s\? ,africa4 ,geol4 ,mag41 #e? ,dec41 #aj1 #cdj-cdf1 ) figures4 #eif4 ,weiss1 ,*4 ,ern/4 #ahga4 ,paleontologis* geogno/is*e ,unt]su*ung5 aus dem ,gebirge auf d] ,sdseite d] rhe9is*5 ,devons4 ,bonn4 ,sitzungsb4 ,ni$]rhe9 ,gesell41 #cc-ce4 7,ar*egosaurus extremity47 #eig4 ----4 #ahgg4 ,ueb] ,protriton petrolei von ,fri$ri*roda 9 ,?r+54 ,zeit4 d4 deuts*4 geol4 ,gesell41 ,,xxix1 #bjb4 #eih4 ,:eatley1 ,*as4 ,m4 #ahga4 ,! bone cave ( ea/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sc4 7#c71 ,i1 #chd-che4 #eii4 ,:ite1 ,david4 #aijf4 ,geological position ( ! pr9cipal insect-be>+ localities ( ! ,am]ican ,paleozoic1 9 ,h&lirs*'s ,revision ( ,am]ican ,paleozoic ,insects4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xxix1 ,no4 #adda1 #ffd-ffg4 #fjj4 ----4 #aijg4 ,report ( ! field "w 9 ! coal di/ricts ( ! /ate4 ,bull4 ,no4 #d1 ,ill9ois ,/ate ,geol4 ,surv41 #bja4 7,gives correlation ( ! ,mazon ,creek ,b$s47 #fja4 ,wi$]%eim1 ,rob]t4 #ahgf4 ,die lte/5 ,=m5 des ,c>pus und ,t>sus d] heutig5 ,amphibi54 ,morphol4 ,jahrb41 ,bd4 #b1 #dba-dbc1 ,taf4 ,,xxix1 fig4 #b4 #fjb4 ----4 #ahgh4 ,ueb] ,labyr9?odon ruetemey]i--,anatomie d] ,gehirn4 ,abh&l4 d4 s*weiz] paleontol4 ,gesell41 ,v1 #a-ef1 mit #c tafeln4 #fjc4 ----4 #ahgi4 ,die ,anatomie d] ,gymnophion51 pp4 #a-aja1 ,tafeln i-ix4 7,ref]s to ext9ct ,amphibia 9 connection ) phylog5y47 #fjd4 ----4 #ahhf4 ,lehrbu* d] v]glei*5d5 ,anatomie d] ,wirbel?i]e4 #b ,auflage4 #fje4 ---- & ,w4 ,n4 ,p>k]4 #ahig4 ,elem5ts ( ! comp>ative anatomy ( v]tebrates4 ,translat$ by ,w4 ,n4 ,p>k]4 ,labyr9?odontia1 #bdb1 fig4 #aicj4 #fjf4 ,wild]1 ,h4 ,h4 #aiji4 ,hi/ory ( ! human body4 ,amphibia1 #eda-edb4 #fjg4 ,willi/on1 ,s4 ,w4 #ahig4 ,"s v]tebrates f ! ,kansas ,p]mian4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 s]4 ,a1 ,,vi1 ,no4 ,i1 #ec1 fig4 ,cricotus4 #fjh4 ----4 #ahig4 ,a new ,labyr9?odont f ! ,kansas ,c>bonif]\s4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 ,,vi1 ,no4 #d1 s]4 ,a1 #cji1 fig4 & pl4 7,ref]s too? & skull fragm5ts to ,ma/odonsaurus47 #fji4 ----4 #ahii4 ,! ,r$-,b$s ( ,kansas4 ,sci5ce 7#b71 ,,ix1 #bba4 #faj4 ----4 #ahii4 ,notes on ! coraco-scapula ( ,eryops ,cope4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 ,,viii1 ,no4 #d1 #ahe-ahf1 pls4 xxvii-xxx4 7,see ,moodie 7#dgf747 #faa4 ----4 #aijj4 ,"s fi% tee? f ! ,kansas ,cretace\s4 ,kans4 ,univ4 ,qu>t41 s]4 ,a1 ,,ix1 ,no4 #a1 ,jan41 pl4 vi1 figs4 #ac1 #acc4 #fab4 ----4#aijd4 ,! temporal ar*es ( ! ,reptilia4 ,biol4 ,bull41 ,,vii1 ,no4 #d1 #age-aib4 #fac4 ----4 #aijh4 ,! faunal relations ( ! e>ly v]tebrates4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #e1 #chi-djb4 ,also1 ,outl9es ( geologic hi/ory1 ,willis & ,salisbury1 #aiaj1 #afc-age4 #fad4 ----4 #aijh4 ,lysorophus1 a ,p]mian ,urodele4 ,biol4 ,bull41 ,,xv1 ,no4 #e1 #bbi-bdj4 ,review 9 ,rev4 crit4 de ,paleozoologie #ac? ,annee1 ,no4 #b1 #hb4 #fae4 ----4 #aiji4 ,! skull & extremities ( ,diplocaulus4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci5ce1 ,,xxii1 #abb-ac #a1 pls4 #a-e4 #faf4 ----4 #aiji4 ,new or little-kn[n ,p]mian v]tebrates1 ,trematops1 new g5us4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xvii1 ,no4 #g1 ,nov41 #fcf-feh1 #g figs4 #fag4 ----4 #aiji4 ,pr9cipal *>act]s ( ! ,*elydosauria1 a subord] ( temnospondyl\s ,amphibians f ! ,texas ,p]mian4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a4 ,s4 ,soc4 ,v]t4 ,paleon4 #fah4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,dissorophus4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,viii1 ,no4 #f1 #ebf-ece1 pls4 i-iii4 #fai4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,cacops1 ,desmospondylus1 new g5]a ( ,p]mian ,v]tebrates4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]41 ,,xxi1 #bdi-bhd1 pls4 #f-ag4 #fbj4 ----4 #aiaj4 ,new ,p]mian ,reptiles3 ,ra*itom\s v]tebr4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxiii1 ,no4 #g1 #ehe-fjj1 ) figs4 #fba4 ----4 #aiaa4 ,am]ican ,p]mian v]tebrates4 ,amphibia1 #i-ad1 pls4 xxxii1 xxxviii4 #fbb4 ----4 #aiac4 ,! primitive /ructure ( ! m&ible 9 amphibians & reptiles4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxi1 #fbe-fbg1 #aa fig4 #fbc4 ----4 #aiad4 ,! o/eology ( "s ,am]ican ,p]mian v]tebrates4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxii1 ,no4 #d1daf1 figs4 #fbd4 ----4 #aiad4 ,wat] reptiles ( ! pa/ & pres5t4 ,amphibia1 #ce1 #dg1 & figures4 #fbd;a4 ----4 #aiad4 ,broiliellus1 a new g5us ( amphibians f ! ,p]mian ( ,texas4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxii1 ,no4 #a1 #di-ef1 figs4 #a-b4 #fbd;b4 ----4 #aiad4 ,re/orations ( "s ,am]ican ,p]moc>bonif]\s amphibians & reptiles4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxii1 ,no4 #a1 #eg-gj1 figs4 #a-aa4 #fbd;c4 ----4 #aiae4 ,trim]orha*is1 a ,p]mian temnospondyl amphibian4 ,j\r4 ,geol41 ,,xxiii1 ,no4 #c1 #bdf-bee1 figs4 #a-f4 #fbd;d4 ----4 #aiaf4 ,synopsis ( ! ,am]4 ,p]moc>bonif]\s ,tetrapoda4 ,contrib4 f ,walk] ,museum1 vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #i1 pp4 #bjj-baa1 figs4 #ch-ec4 #fbe4 ,wiman1 ,c>l4 #aijh4 ,e9 ,pa> ,labyr9?odont5re/e aus d] ,trias ,spitzb]g5s4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,in/4 ,univ4 ( ,upsala1 ,,ix1 #cd-dj1 ,tafeln ,,ii1 ,nos4 #ag1 #ah4 #fbf4 ----4 #aiac4 ,ueb] das ,h9t]haupt d] ,labyr9?odont54 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,in/4 ( ,upsala1 ,,xii1 #a-g1 figs4 #a-h4 #fbg4 ,wiman1 ,c>l4 #aiad4 ,ueb] die ,/egocephal5 aus d] ,trias ,spitzb]g5s4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,in/4 ( ,upsala1 ,,xiii1 #a-cj1 pls4 i-ix1 figs4 #a-aj1 bibliography4 #fbh4 ,woodw>d1 ,a4 ,smi?4 #ahia4 ,catalogue ( ! fossil fi%es 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 pt4 ,,ii1 #dgd4 7,note on ! synonymy ( ,pygopt]us1 ,colo/eus1 & ,ar*egosaurus47 #fbi4 ----4 #ahia4 ,on a ,microsaurian 7,hylonomus wildii7 f ! ,lanca%ire ,coal ,field4 ,geol4 ,mag41 n4 s41 ,dec4 ,,iii1 ,,viii1 #baa-bac1 ) figs4 #fcj4 ----4 #ahig4 ,on a new specim5 ( ! ,/egocephalian ,c]at]peton galvani ,huxley4 ,geol4 ,mag41 ,dec4 ,,iv1 ,,iv1 ,no4 #cig1 #bic1 ) plate4 #fca4 ----4 #aijd4 ,on two new ,labyr9?odont skulls ( ! g5]a ,capitosaurus & ,aphan]amma 7f ! ,trias ( ,spitzb]g574 ,proc4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,london1 #agj-agf1 ) #b pls4 #fcb4 ----4 #aijf4 ,! relations ( paleontology to biology4 ,ann4 & ,mag4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xviii1 ,no4 #ajf1 #cab-cah4 #fcc4 ----4 #aije4 ,fi%es & ,labyr9?odonts4 ,paleontologica ,indica1 n4 s41 ,,ii1 ,memoir ,no4 #b1 #aj1 #b pls4 #fcd4 ----4 #aiji4 ,on a new ,labyr9?odont f ,oil ,%ale1 ,n4 ,s4 ,w4 ,rec4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,n4 ,s4 ,w41 ,,viii1 pt4 ,,iv1 #cag-cai4 ,pl4 #ea4 #fce4 ,woodw>d1 ,h4 ,b4 #ahhg4 ,! geology ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,! ,nor?umb]l& ,coal ,field1 #ahj4 #fcf4 ,woodwor?1 ,j4 ,b4 #aijj4 ,v]tebrate footpr9ts on ,c>bonif]\s %ales ( ,pla9ville1 ,mass4 ,bull4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]41 ,,xi1 #ddi-ded1 pl4 #dj1 fig4 #a4 #fcg4 ,wyman1 ,jeffries4 #ahdc4 ,analogies :i* exi/ betwe5 ! /ructure ( ! tee? ( ! ,lepido/ei 7,g>s & ,g>-pikes7 & ^? ( ! ,labyr9?odonts 7ext9ct ,amphibia74 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,i1 #aca-acb2 also ,silliman's ,j\rnal1 #hdc4 #fch4 ----4 #ahec4 ,notes on ! ,reptilian rema9s 7,d5dr]peton74 ,qu>t4 ,j\r4 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,london1 ,,ix1 #fd-ff4 #fci4 ----4 #ahef4 ,on a batra*ian reptile f ! ,coal ,=mation4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,assn4 ,adv4 ,sci41 #aj? ,meet+ at ,albany1 #agb-agc4 ,reviews3 ,ed9b4 n4 ,philos4 ,j\r4 #aheg1 ,v1 #cfj-cfa2 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,i4 #heg1 #cdj4 #fdj4 ----4 #aheh4 ,on "s rema9s ( batra*ian reptiles discov]$ 9 ! ,coal ,=mation ( ,ohio4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,sci5ce1 ,,xxv 7#b71 ,m>41 #aeh-afd1 fig4 ,review3 ,zeit4 f4 gesammt ,naturwiss5s*41 ,,xiii1 #ga2 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 #aheh1 #cdj4 #fda4 ,yak[lew1 ,n4 #aijb4 ,neue ,funde von ,trias--,sauri] auf ,spitzb]g54 ,v]h&l4 ,russ4 k4 ,m94 ,gesell41 ,,xl1 #ahj2 ,na*trag1 ,,xli1 #afe4 #fdb4 ,zittel1 ,k>l ,von4 #ahhg-ahij4 ,h&bu* d] ,paleontologie1 ,i ,ab?41 ,bd4 91 #ccg-dcg1 ,amphibia4 ,mn*5 u4 ,leipsic1 ,r4 ,old5b\rg1 also ,ea/man's translation ( above1 #b1 #aad-aci1 figs4 #fdc4 ----4 #ahhh4 ,ueb] ,labyr9?odon ruetimey]i 7,wi$]%eim74 ,neues ,jahrb4 f4 ,m9]al41 ,geol4 u4 ,paleon41 ,bd4 ,,ii1 #ag4 7,reg>ds ! =m z a reptile47 #fdd4 ----4 #ahii4 ,amphibi54 ,ges*i*te d] ,geologie und ,paleontologie4 ,mu5*5 u4 ,leipzig1 #ahii1 #hbg4 #fde4 ,zwick1 ,w4 #ahig4 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss des ,baues und d] ,entwickelung d] ,amphibi5gli$mass51 besond]s des ,c>pus und ,t>sus4 ,zeits*r4 wiss54 ,zool41 ,bd4 #fc1 #fb-add1 ,taf4 #d-e4 ,,an ,,index ,,to ,,! ,,bibliography ,,( ,,fossil ,,amphibia4 ,! foll[+ w be ( assi/ance to ^? wi%+ aid 9 f9d+ ! lit]ature on special phases1 :e!r anatomical or geological1 ( ! fossil ,amphibia4 ,! au?or's "n & ! numb] ( 8 pap] 9 ! prec$+ bibliography are giv5 9 gr\ps ( classifi$ subjects1 beg9n+ ) di/ribution & end+ ) anatomy4 ,! v>i\s anatomical notes ( int]e/ are especially widely scatt]$ 9 pap]s :i* (t5 deal ) a v>iety ( o!r subjects4 ,i4 ,geological & ,geographical ,di/ribution4 ,devonian3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,m>%1 #djg4 ,europe3 ,lohe/1 #cha2 ,weiss1 #eif2 ,!v591 #eff4 ,mississippian3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,branson1 #ej2 ,b>rell1 #ba2 ,lea1 #cga-cgb4 ,scotl&3 ,huxley1 #cca-ccd2 ,at!y1 n2 ,hancock & ,at!y1 #cje4 ,coal ,measures 7,p5nsylvanian73 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,agassiz1 #b2 ,butts1 #hb1 #hc2 ,case1 #hf1 #id2 ,cope1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aah1 #abb1 #abc1 #abf1 #abg1 #aca1 #ade1 #aeb1 #afg1 #agf2 ,dawson1 #bjj-bbe2 ,ea/man1 #bcj2 ,hay1 #caf2 ,jaekel1 #cdg2 ,k+1 #cef1 #ceg2 ,m>%1 #djd1 #djf2 ,g4 ,f4 ,mat!w1 #djh-dac2 ,moodie1 #deh-dfe4 #dfi-dge1 #dgh1 #dgi1 #dhb-dhf2 ,mudge1 #dij2 ,newb]ry1 #die-dih2 ,raymond1 #eca2 ,s*w>z1 #edj1 #eda2 ,willi/on1 #fjh2 ,wyman1 #fci1 #fdj4 ,europe3 ,&rews1 #h2 ,at!y1 n2 ,bailey1 #ab-ac2 ,b>kas1 #ae-bj2 ,bolton1 #db-dc2 ,cr$n]1 #agi-aid 7see also "u ,p]mian72 ,davis1 #aii2 ,dunlop1 #bbi2 ,embleton & ,at!y1 #bce2 ,e!ridge1 #bda2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gaudry1 #bfc-bfh1 #bgh1 #bha1 #bhb2 ,g]g5s1 #bia2 ,goldfuss1 #big2 ,hancock & ,at!y1 #cjd-caj2 ,lydekk]1 #cid2 von ,mey]1 #dbb1 #dbf1 #dcf2 ,oldham1 #ejj2 ,ow51 #ejg-eji1 #ead1 #eae2 ,s*w>z1 #edj2 ,!v591 #efe-efh2 ,weiss1 #eig2 ,woodw>d1 #fbi1 #fcj2 ,woodwor?1 #fcf4 ,au/ralia3 ,/eph5s1 #eeg2 ,woodw>d1 #fcd4 ,p]mian3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,broili1 #ee1 #ef1 #eh1 #fc1 #fe2 ,case1 #hf-ic1 #ie-ajj2 ,cope1 #abi1 #acb-acc1 #acg1 #ach1 #adj-add1 #aef1 #afi1 #agj-age2 ,emmons1 #bcg2 ,gregory1 #bii2 ,w4 ,d4 ,mat!w1 #dad1 #dae2 ,moodie1 #deg1 #deh1 #dgf1 #dgg2 ,/]nb]g1 #eeh2 ,/rickl]1 #efd2 ,willi/on1 #fjg1 #fji1 #faj1 #fad1 #fae1 #faf1 #fag-fbd4 ,europe3 ,ammon1 #g2 ,branco1 #dh2 ,broili1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa1 #fb1 #ff2 ,cr$n]1 #agi-aie2 ,dei*muell]1 #bbd1 #bbe2 ,ei*wald1 #bcc2 ,em]y1 #bcf2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gaudry1 #beh-bfa1 #bfi-bhb2 ,ge9itz1 #bhg2 ,ge9itz und ,dei*muell]1 #bhi1 #bij2 ,goldfuss1 #bie1 #bif2 von ,hu5e1 #cbd-cbg2 ,huxley1 #cbh2 ,jaekel1 #cdd1 #cde2 ,le ,roy1 #cge2 ,lloyd1 #cgi2 ,lortet1 #chb2 von ,mey]1 #dbh1 #dcf1 #ddb2 ,roem]1 #ecd2 ,trauts*old1 #egc2 ,twelvetrees1 #egf4 ,africa3 ,broom1 #fh-ga-gc1 #gd4 ,asia3 ,lydekk]1 #chd1 #chf2 ,huxley1 #ccc2 ,woodw>d1 #fcc4 ,triassic3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,branson1 #di2 ,cope1 #ajf1 91 #aba1 #aeg2 ,emmons1 #bcg2 ,leidy1 #cgc2 ,lucas1 #chc4 ,europe3 ,alb]ti1 #d2 ,burmei/]1 #hj1 #ha2 ,fraas1 #bdb-bde1 #bdg;a2 von ,hu5e1 #cbc2 ,huxley1 #cbi2 ,jaeg]1 #cch-cda2 ,metcalfe1 #dag2 von ,mey]1 #dba1 #dbe1 #dci2 ,miall1 #dec2 ,ow51 #eje2 ,qu5/$t1 #ebg2 ,seeley1 #edd2 ,/orrie1 #efj2 ,w>d1 #ehh2 ,wi$]%eim1 #fjb2 ,woodw>d1 #fca4 ,spitzb]g53 ,wiman1 #fbe-fbg2 ,woodw>d1 #fca2 ,yak[lew1 #fda2 ,seeley1 #edg4 ,africa3 ,broom1 #fi2 ,huxley1 #ccj2 ,ow51 #eag1 #eai-ebj4 ,asia3 ,lydekk]1 #chd-cia2 ,ow51 #eaj1 #eaa4 ,au/ralia3 ,huxley1 #ccj2 ,/eph5s1 #eed1 #eee4 ,jurassic3 ,europe3 ,dollo1 #bbf4 ,coman*ean3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,m>%1 #dje2 ,moodie1 #dhj1 #dha4 ,europe3 ,vidal1 #egi1 #ehj4 ,cretace\s3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,cope1 #abh2 ,hat*]1 #cad2 ,lambe1 #cfe1 #cff2 ,willi/on1 #faa4 ,t]ti>y3 ,europe3 ,beyri*1 #cf2 ,bieb]1 #cg2 ,cuvi]1 #aig2 ,fraas1 #bdf1 #bdg2 ,gn!r1 #cja2 ,laube1 #cfg-cgj2 von ,mey]1 #dbd1 #dcj1 #ddd1 #ddf1 #ddg2 ,portis1 #ebe2 ,s*eu*z]1 #ece2 ,ts*udi1 #egd-ege2 ,walt]/orff1 #ehe-ehf4 ,plei/oc5e3 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,br[n1 #gf2 ,:eatley1 #eih4 ,s\? ,am]ica3 ,lydekk]1 #cic4 ,asia3 ,cl>k1 #ajc2 ,lydekk]1 #cic2 ,ow51 #ejf4 ,europe3 ,lydekk]1 #cic4 ,,ii4 ,phylog5y ( ,amphibia4 ,arldt1 #aj2 ,baur1 #bb-be1 #ca2 ,b\l5g]1 #dd2 ,branson1 #di2 ,budgett1 #gi2 ,cope1 #aec1 #aff1 #agc2 ,davison1 #aih2 ,dollo1 #bbh2 ,gad[1 #bef2 ,gaudry1 #bhj1 #bhb2 ,gregory1 #bii1 #cjj1 #cjj;a2 ,haeckel1 #cab2 ,huxley1 #ccg2 ,k+sley1 #ceh2 ,moodie1 #dhi;b2 ,ow51 #eab2 ,poll>d1 #ebd2 ,qu5/$t1 #ebg2 ,!v591 #efg-efh2 ,v]sluys1 #egh2 ,vogt1 #eha2 ,wi$]%eim1 #fja4 ,,iii4 ,ontog5y ( ,amphibia4 ,ammon1 #g2 ,cr$n]1 #ahg2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,hay1 #cae2 von ,mey]1 #dbb2 ,!v591 #eff4 ,,iv4 ,/ructure & ,morphology ( ,amphibia4 ,lat]al-l9e ,sy/em ( ,s5sory ,organs3 ,&rews1 #h2 ,baur1 #ca2 ,branson1 #di2 ,fraas1 #bdb1 #bdgj2 ,huxley1 #ccc2 ,malbranc1 #dja2 ,miall1 #dej2 von ,mey]1 #dcf2 ,moodie1 #deh1 #dfe1 #dgh1 #dhh2 ,!v591 #efh4 ,p9eal ,eye3 ,cope1 #afj2 ,cr$n]1 #ahg2 ,jaekel1 #cdf4 ,morphology ( ! ,skull3 ,albre*t1 #e2 ,baur1 #bd1 #bg1 #bi1 #ca2 ,b\l5g]1 #dd2 ,branson1 #di2 ,broili1 #ee1 #ef1 #ff2 ,case1 #he1 #ic1 #ih2 ,cope1 #acf1 #agg2 ,cr$n]1 #ahg-aia2 ,fraas1 #bdb1 #bdg;a2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,fu*s1 #bee2 ,gaupp1 #bhc2 ,goodri*1 #bih2 ,jaekel1 #cdg2 ,maggi1 #cig1 #cih2 von ,mey]1 #dbh1 #dcf1 #dci2 ,moodie1 #deh1 #dgh2 ,ow51 #eaa2 ,seeley1 #edf2 ,!v591 #efh2 ,?yng1 #egj2 ,willi/on1 #fab1 #fad1 #fae1 #faf1 #fai2 ,wiman1 #fbf2 ,woodw>d1 #fca4 ,bra93 ,wi$]%eim1 #fjb2 ,moodie1 #dhg4 ,e>3 ,cope1 #aei2 ,broom1 #ge4 ,eye3 ,cope1 #aje1 #ajg2 ,moodie1 #dgh4 ,tee?3 ,broili1 #eh2 ,cr$n]1 #aid2 ,fraas1 #bdb2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,jaekel1 #cdb2 ,ow51 #ejb1 #ejc1 #ejd1 #eje2 ,seeley1 #edh2 ,/rickl]1 #efd2 ,tomes1 #ega-egb2 ,willi/on1 #fjh2 ,wyman1 #fcg4 ,gills3 ,budgett1 #gi2 ,cr$n]1 #ahg2 ,cope1 #abc2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gaudry1 #bfh2 ,!v591 #eff-efh2 von ,mey]1 #dcf4 ,v]tebr & ,ribs3 ,baur1 #be1 #bf2 ,broili1 #fa2 ,case1 #ih2 ,cope1 #acc1 #acf1 #adb1 #adh1 #aec2 ,cr$n]1 #agi-aic2 ,fraas1 #bdb2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gad[1 #bef2 ,geg5baur1 #bhd2 ,jaekel1 #cdd1 #cdh2 ,lillie1 #cgh2 ,m>%1 #djd2 von ,mey]1 #dcf2 ,miv>t1 #def2 ,moodie1 #dfh2 ,s*w>z1 #edj1 #eda2 ,!v591 #efe-efh2 ,willi/on1 #fbj4 ,pectoral & ,pelvic ,ar*es3 ,broili1 #fb2 ,broom1 #gb2 ,cope1 #afa2 ,cr$n]1 #ahj-ahe2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gregory1 #bii1 #cjj;a2 ,geg5baur1 #bhe2 ,jaekel1 #cdg2 ,moodie1 #dgh2 ,willi/on1 #faj1 #faf4 ,limbs1 ,c>pus1 & ,t>sus3 ,baur1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh2 ,cope1 #afa2 ,cr$n]1 #ahj-ahe2 ,em]y1 #bcf2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,gregory1 #bii-cjjc2 ,jaekel1 #cdg2 ,wi$]%eim1 #fja2 ,zwick1 #fde4 ,clasp+ ,organs3 ,b>kas1 #af2 ,blan*>d1 #ci2 ,braun1 #eb2 ,hilton1 #cai2 ,moodie1 #dfa2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,/ock1 #efa2 ,newb]ry1 #dih4 ,muscles3 ,moodie1 #dfd4 ,alim5t>y ,canal3 ,moodie1 #dga1 #dgd1 #dgh4 ,integum5t1 ,scales1 & ,/ructure ( ,bone3 ,jaekel1 #cdc2 ,moodie1 #dfd1 #dfe1 #dgh2 ,broili1 #fb2 ,dawson1 #bjh4 ,footpr9ts3 ,b>rell1 #ba2 ,branson1 #ej2 ,brodie1 #ed2 ,bulls1 #hb-hc2 ,dawson1 #bjg1 #bjh2 ,frits*1 #bea2 ,ge9itz1 #bhh2 ,hickl+1 #cah2 ,k+1 #cef-ceg2 ,lea1 #cga1 #cgb2 ,leidy1 #cgd2 ,m>%1 #djf2 ,g4 ,f4 ,mat!w1 #djh-dac2 ,ow51 #ejd2 ,moodie1 #dfe2 ,pab/1 #eba2 ,smi?1 #edi2 ,woodwor?1 #fcf4 ,,index4 ,,page4 ,ai/opoda #e1 #gg ,alim5t>y ,canal #be1 #eh ,amblyodon #agh ,a4 problematicum #agi ,am]ican ,museum #a1 #h ,ames ,lime/one #ab ,amphibamus #abg ,a4 gr&iceps #b1 #g1 #ae1 #abh ,a4 ?oracatus #acb ,amphibamid #abg ,amphibia #c ,classification #df ,def9ition #di ,discov]y 9 ,c>bonif]\s #f ,geographic & ,geologic ,di/ribution #i ,hi/ory ( ,classification #ci ,anas*isma1 ,lat]al ,l9e ,sy/em ( #ce ,anisodexis #afd ,an?racosaurid #ahg ,apoda #cc ,ar*egosaurus #a1 #g1 #ce ,arm #bi ,atlas #bg ,axis #bg ,baphetes #ahh ,b4 m9or #ahi ,b4 planiceps #f1 #ahh ,baur1 ,george #ci ,bra*ydectes newb]ryi #agg ,bran*iosauria #d1 #ej ,bran*iosaurid #ea ,bran*iosaurus #ec ,branson1 ,e4 ,b4 #ch1 #aib ,br[n1 ,n4 ,h4 #ab ,budgett1 ,j4 ,s4 #gh ,cannelton ,slates #aj1 #ae ,c>r1 ,j4 ,c4 #ac1 #ad1 #bb ,case1 ,e4 ,c4 #i1 #ahb ,caudata #fg ,cephal]peton v5tri>matum #acc ,c]c>iomorphus p>visquamis #aci ,clepsydrops ,%ales #i ,cocyt9id #fg ,cocyt9us gyr9oides #fh ,cope1 ,e4 ,d4 #a1 #g1 #i1 #cd1 #db1 #dc1 #aca1 #bjg ,cr$n]1 ,h]mann #a1 #bd1 #eb ,cricotid #ahj ,ct5]peton alveolatum #afh ,dawson1 ,sir ,j4 ,w4 #g1 #h1 #ai1 #bj1 #cb1 #ff1 #aid1 #aig ,dean1 ,ba%=d #a1 #cb1 #ahg ,d5dr]peton #ai1 #aid ,d4 acadianum #aid ,d4 ow5i #aif ,d]mal ,app5dages #aig ,devonian #aj1 #cg ,dic]atosaurus #h1 #aaf ,d4 lvis #aba ,d4 punctol9eatus #aag ,d4 robu/us #abc ,diplocaulia #cd ,dromopus #cg1 #bja ,d4 aduncus #cg ,d4 agilis #bja ,eobaphetes #aia ,e4 kans5sis #aib ,eosauravus #a1 #hg1 #agf ,eosaurus acadianus #g1 #ahi ,eos]peton t5uicorne #abd ,eri]peton bran*ialis #fi ,erpetobra*ium mazon5sis #aeb ,erpetosaurus #ig ,e4 acutiro/ris #ajh ,e4 m9utus #aje ,e4 obtusus #ii ,e4 radiatus #ih ,e4 sculptilis #ajf ,e4 tabulatus #aja ,e4 tub]culatus #aaj ,eryopid #ahb ,eryops #bc1 #cd1 #ahb ,euamphibia #df1 #di ,eumicr]peton p>vum #eg ,eury?orax sublvis #agb ,eye #be1 #aca ,footpr9ts #ae1 #bja ,frits*1 ,anaton #e1 #ed1 #gg1 #gh ,frits*ia curtid5tata #he ,g]g5s1 ,dr4 #f ,gurley1 ,w4 ,f4 ,e4 #i1 #ab ,hay1 ,o4 ,p4 #h1 #abi ,hussak(1 ,l\is #a1 #af1 #agb ,huxley1 ,?omas ,h4 #c1 #acg ,hyl]peton #hc ,h4 dawsonii #hc ,h4 int]m$ium #hd ,h4 longid5tatum #hd ,hylonomid #gi ,hylonomus #gi ,h4 latid5s #ha ,h4 lyelli #hj ,h4 multid5s #ha ,h4 wymani #ha ,hylopus logani #f ,hyoid #be ,hyphasma lvis #g ,i*?ycan?id #agc ,i*?ycan?us #agc ,i4 ohi5sis #agc ,i4 platypus #agd ,i*?y]peton squamosum #acg ,jaekel1 ,otto #h1 #aah ,jogg9s1 ,! ,s\? 7,nova ,scotia7 #ai ,kammplatt5 #e ,kittann+ ,coal #ae1 #af ,lacoe1 ,r4 ,d4 7,collection (7 #a ,lat]al ,l9e ,sy/em #cb ,leg #c1 #ie ,lepospondylia #gf ,leptophractus #afi ,l4 d5tatus #aga ,l4 l9eolatus #aga ,l4 obsoletus #afi ,l9ton1 ,ohio1 ,coal ,measures #af ,amphibia ( #ah ,logan1 ,william #f ,l\isville1 ,kansas #aj ,lydekk]1 ,ri*>d #dd1 #gg ,lyell1 ,*>les #ai1 #bj ,macr]petid #ahc ,macr]peton #ahd ,m4 deani #ahf ,m4 huxleyi #ahd ,m&ible #be1 #ajc ,m>%1 ,o4 ,c4 #aj1 #cg1 #ahi1 #bjb ,ma/odonsaurid #bj ,ma/odonsaurus sp4 indet #bjj ,mat!w1 ,g4 ,f4 #h1 #bb ,mau* ,*unk #cg ,mazon ,creek ,%ales #g1 #ab ,amphibia ( #ac ,mazon]peton #fa ,m4 co/atum #fc ,m4 longicaudatum #fa ,mey]1 ,h]mann von #f ,micr]peton #ea ,m4 caudatum #eb ,microsauria #d1 #cd #gf ,relation to ,reptilia #gg ,mississippian ,amphibia #cg ,molgophid #adi ,molgophis #adi ,m4 brevico/atus #aej ,m4 macrurus #adi ,m4 :eatleyi #aea ,morphology ( ,coal ,measures ,amphibia #bc ,muscle #cb ,myocommata #cj ,necturus #cc1 #ef ,newb]ry1 ,j4 ,s4 7,collections (7 #a1 #h1 #ag1 #ah ,nyraniid #acg ,occiput #be ,odont]peton triangul>is #aaa /ocephalus #ade ,o4 rectid5s #adg ,o4 remex #ade ,op]culum #agb ,osage ,city1 ,kansas #aj ,palate #bd1 #ajd ,p>abatra*us #g ,pectoral ,girdle #bi1 #ajg ,pelion #g1 #gb ,p4 lyelli #gc ,peliontid #gb ,pelvic ,girdle #bi ,phlege?ontia #aee ,p4 l9e>is #aef ,p4 s]p5s #aef ,pho5ix ,tunnel1 ,p5nsylvania #aj ,pholidoga/] #c ,pitcairn1 ,p5nsylvania #ab ,platy/egos loricatum #aii ,pleuroptyx clavatus #ab1 #ai1 #aec ,proteida #fg ,prot]peton gurleyi #ab1 #agh ,ptyoniid #ada ,ptyonius #ada ,p4 m>%ii #adc ,p4 nummif] #add ,p4 pect9atus #ada ,p4 s]rula #add ,p4 v9*ellianus #adc ,raniceps #g ,ribs #bg ,sali5tia #gb ,saur]peton lati?orax #afe ,sauropleura #aeg ,s4 digitata #aei ,s4 7,anisodexis7 en*odus #afd ,s4 foveata #afc ,s4 longid5tata #afb ,s4 newb]ryi #afj ,s4 pauciradiata #afj ,s4 scutellata #aeh ,sauropleurid #cj1 #aeg ,scales #ca1 #aig ,s*w>z1 ,hugo #h1 #bh ,scl]otic plates #bd ,scutes #afb ,sk9 #afd1 #aig ,skull #bc ,smil]peton aci$5tatum #hb ,s\? ,jogg9s1 ,nova ,scotia #g1 #ai ,sp>odus sp4 #ff ,spondyl]peton sp9atum #aha ,/egopid #aac ,/egops #aac ,s4 div>icata #aad ,/]eospondylia #e1 #cd1 #bjj ,/]num #cj ,t>sus #agf ,tee? #be ,temnospondylia #e1 #cd1 #ahj ,?9opus antiquus #aj1 #cg ,?yrsidium fascicul>e #adg ,traquair1 ,r4 ,h4 #e ,triton wal?i #ej ,tuditanid #hf ,tuditanus #hf ,t4 breviro/ris #hi ,t4 longipes #ij ,t4 m9imus #ib ,t4 punctulatus #hg ,t4 walcotti #id ,tw9 ,m\nds1 ,kansas #bb ,udd51 ,j4 ,a4 #aa ,urocordylid #aaf ,v5tral ,scutell #cj ,v]tebr #bg1 #aha ,v]tebral ,column #bg ,wi$]%eim1 ,rob]t #cj ,willi/on1 ,s4 ,w4 #b1 #aj1 #bjj ,wyman1 ,jeffries #g ,zam5is flagellum #e 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,images 7 mov$ to prev5t splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,hyph5ation 0 /&>diz$ to ! mo/ preval5t =m4 ,! table on page #bja 0 modifi$ 7,horizon names & ,kansas 7 abbreviat$7 to r$uce ! wid?4