,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,god4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,,jacob ,,h>tmann1 ,m4,d4 ,/4 ,l\is ,m$ical ,college2 ,ba*elor ( ,m$ic9e1 ,toronto ,univ]sity2 ,m4,b4 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ont>io2 ,memb] ( ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons1 ,ont>io2 ,lic5tiate ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons1 ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&2 ,memb] ( ! ,c\nty ,m$ical ,society ( ,new ,york1 etc41 etc4 ,new ,york3 ,,! ,,tru? ,,seek] ,,company1 #bh ,lafayette ,place4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,univ]sal ,aspect1 #i ,,ii4 ,! ,e>?1 #ba ,,iii4 ,! ,*emical ,aspect1 #ci ,,iv4 ,! ,sun1 #ea ,v4 ,g5esis--,! ,creation1 #fg ,,vi4 ,g5esis--,! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 #hj ,,vii4 ,! ,deluge1 #ib ,,viii4 ,! ,scriptural ,god--,! ,creation1 #aja ,,ix4 ,! ,creation ( ,god--,abraham1 #aab ,x4 ,moses--,confirmation ( ! ,idea ( ,god1 #aai ,,xi4 ,samuel ! ,k+mak]1 #ach ,,xii4 ,god ,save ! ,k+1 #adg ,,xiii4 ,jehova ,takes a ,re/1 #agj ,,xiv4 ,! ,end ( ,national ,life1 #agh ,,xv4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,era1 #bjj ,,xvi4 ,organic ,life--,vegetable1 #bab ,,xvii4 ,organic ,life--,animal1 #bba ,! ,ma/] ,tissues4 ,! ,muscul> ,tissues4 ,! ,n]v\s ,tissues4 ,,xviii4 ,food & ,food-,sub/ances1 #bdb ,,xix4 ,elim9ation ( ,wa/e ,sub/ances1 #bej ,9 ,g5]al4 ,by ! ,lungs4 ,by ! ,sk94 ,by ! ,kidneys4 ,,xx4 ,dige/ion1 ,nutrition1 #bgh ,,xxi4 ,! ,elem5t>y ,sub/ances1 #cjj ,,xxii4 ,alcohol & ,its ,effects on ! ,sy/em1 #caj ,,xxiii4 ,! ,s\l--,:at is x8 #cba ,! ,m9d4 ,,xxiv4 ,s9 & ,salvation1 #cdj ,,xxv4 ,! ,ecclesia/ical ,k9d]g>t51 #cec ,,xxvi4 ,rational ,review1 #cgb ,,xxvii4 ,visions--,bible ,dreams-,revelations1 #chj ,,xxviii4 ,! ,planet>y ,gods1 #cib ,,xxix4 ,e ,man ,8 ,own ,god1 #djc ,tables ,gateways to ,k4 ,morals3 ,:5ce ,!y ,spr+4 ,,xxx4 ,! ,non ,cr$o1 #dah ,rules = ,human ,conduct4 ,,illu/rations4 ,map ( ! ,intellectual ,faculties--,! ,m9d1 opp4 title-page4 ,map ( ,!ological ,retrogression1 opp4 p4 #cij ,map ( ! ,deluge & ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 opp4 p4 #dcb ,,preface4 ,si les nommes tai5t capables de g\v]n] t\te la conduite de leur vie p> un desse9 regl1 si la =tune leur tait t\j\rs favorable1 leur me s]ait libre de t\te sup]/ition4 --,sp9oza1 #afej4 ,il n'y a pas de moy5 plus efficace que la ,sup]/ition p\r g\v]n] la multitude4 --,qu9te ,curce4 ,b 9 ! temple ( _! hirel+ he>ts ,gold is a liv+ god1 & rules 9 scorn ,all e>?ly ?+s b virtue4 ,falsehood dem&s b gold to pay ! pangs ,( outrag$ consci5ce2 = ! slavi% prie/ ,sets no great value on 8 hirel+ fai?4 ,b human pride ,is skillful to inv5t mo/ s]i\s names ,to hide its ignorance4 --,%elley4 ,at ?is "t1 9 ?is age ( agitation1 unre/1 dissatisfaction1 & d\bt among ! masses1 & all classes1 9 e civiliz$ "p ( ! globe1 9 all communities & human organizations1 9 *ur* & out ( *ur*1 ecclesia/ical bodies ( all %ades2 besides ! va/ numb] ( !ories & doctr9es ( a popul> sociali/ic1 anti-pov]ty1 communi/ic ord]1 etc41 a prevail+ skepticism has seiz$ ! m9ds ( m51 z to ! tru?1 validity1 & /ability ( ! entire religi\s fabric4 ,! unsettl$ condition ( ! m9ds ( m51 ! di/urb+ elem5ts ( ! labor+ classes1 ! *ur* qu>rels1 cl]ical litigations1 disputes1 wrangl+1 & mutual hate ab\t scriptural au!nticity1 its tru? & sup]naturalism1 ! h]esies & blasphemies1 ! unsatisfactory condition ( ! ,roman *ur*1 ! con/ant & unremitt+ papal correspond5ce1 ! petty bick]+1 ! selfi% zeal1 ! gre$ = money1 ! anxiety to raise funds = all k9ds ( ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5ts1 naturally ar\se suspicion :e!r ! idea ( a ,god is n go+ out ( fa%ion1 :e!r ! cl]gy has n lo/ fai? 9 ! ,book1 :e!r ! ,jew1 ! ,jehovi/ic ari/ocrat1 has n be5 ! prim>y inv5tor ( ^! sup]natural w>es1 :e!r ! ,*ri/ian !ologians are n beg9n+ to lose _! sway & grip & _! pret5d$ sup]natural au?ority ov] _! ignorant devotees4 ,we may ask frankly1 hone/ly1 tru?fully1 & 9 p]fect good fai?3 ,has n ! "t arriv$ = a gr& & human re=mation8 ,= new me?ods ( tea*+1 = new & m accurate ideas1 = a m precise k ( ! natural1 = in/ructions 9 absolute facts1 = a m ?or\gh und]/&+ ( natural laws1 = a broad] compreh5sion ( man himself & 8 surr\nd+s1 = an ab&onm5t ( all ! sup]natural subt]fuge1 ignorance1 & sup]/ition1 ( religi\s fables1 miracles1 false !ories1 & mislead+ doctr9es z to ,god1 ) _! imm5se sacrifice ( human life4 ,)9 ! limits ( ! *ur* no?+ is to be hop$ =1 nor c any?+ be expect$1 except ! gre$y grasp+ ( ! h>d-e>n$ money ( ! ignorant labor+ classes1 ! fanatical devotees1 to su/a9 & uphold a m]c5>y prie/hood1 a rott5 sup]natural sy/em t has prov$ s p]nici\s to mank9d4 ,europe1 at "o "t ! ri* pa/ure = ! holy ,roman ,ca?olic apo/olic *ur*1 no long] p\rs ! milk & honey into ! supreme pontiff's lap z ( yore4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,rome1 ,feb4 #c;d1 ,l$o*[ski writes ( ,leo ,,xiii4's solicitude = ! good ( religion 9 ^! p>ts3 ,! supreme pontiff has _m reasons ( sadness on acc\nt ( ! di/resses :i* ! impud5t endeavors ( wick$ m5 are try+ to br+ ^u ,*ri/ianity1 especially 9 ,europe4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a great consolation to him to see ! increase ( ,ca?olicism1 ) ,god's aid1 else:]e 9 ! _w4 ,( c\rse ,l$o*[ski signifies ! pope's great admiration = ! wond]ful res\rces--= ?is fl\ri%+1 prolific1 & g5]\s ,am]ican mil*-c[4 ,! ,roman adm9i/ration1 ) t m>vel\s bus9ess tact s *>act]i/ic ( t *ur*1 turns its t5d] att5tion1 ) all its pontifical flumm]y & grotesque maneuv]s1 to ins9uate its me?ods ^u ?is republic1 to ov]awe u ) a blaze ( /upefaction1 pr(\nd] ignorance & sup]/ition1 by honor+ ,am]ica ) a resid5t tax-collector1 & to save ,gods1 _! div9ities1 ) ! ,*ri/1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,virg9 ,immaculate1 sa9ts1 angels1 & all ! o!r !ological absurdities4 ,is x n high "t = man & woman to le>n t _! dep5d5ce on any sup]natural aid is futile1 _! pray]s & appeals to an imag9>y ,god worse ?an useless1 _! cr++ fe> = ! s-call$ sacr$ au?ority c[>dly1 _! submission to prie/ly rule & au?ority slavi%1 & ! inculcat+ ( biblical *ur* lore /upefy+8 ,is x n "t = man & woman to compreh5d !mselves1 _! p[]s1 ! uses ( _! sev]al organs1 _! functions1 & ! natural laws t gov]n !m8 ,t ideas1 ?\ght1 consci\sness1 intellect1 und]/&+1 imag9ation1 k1 etc41 etc41 are b ! functions ( n]v\s matt]8 ,t ev]y?+ we "k1 h discov]$1 develop$1 or produc$1 is ! natural product ( n]ve tissue4 ,9 review+ ! hi/ory ( ?is !ologico-ecclesia/ical organization--?is ,jehovi/ic ,*ri/ianiz$ sy/em1 f ! v beg9n+ to ! pres5t "t1 we f9d t ?is _m-%ad$1 ev]-*angeable1 gre$y1 grasp+ cre$ has done dur+ ! f\r ?\s& ye>s ( its exi/5ce a va/ am\nt ( mis*ief & little or no good4 ,x _h to be civiliz$ in/ead ( civiliz+4 ,in/ead ( elevat+ _! foll[]s1 prie/s r made e ef=t to keep !m 9 subjection1 /eep$ 9 ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,9 pres5t+ ^! pages to ! public1 x is = ! purpose ( expos+ "s simple intelligible facts1 "s :olesome tru?s1 "s few sci5tific revelations discov]$ by m5 ( em95ce1 k1 & wisdom1 reg>d+ ourselves1 ?is t]re/rial globe1 & ! univ]se at l>ge ( :i* we are "p4 ,x is n possible 9 mod]n times to =ce m5 to believe1 to accept ! impossible4 ,at ?is p]iod ( m5tal transition1 ! t5d5cy is to ?9k1 to reason1 to ga9 k & tru?1 to be self-support+1 self-su/a9+1 indep5d5t1 free1 & untrammel$ by b>b>ic delusion & t]rorism4 ,!y no long] fe> & c[] be=e a %ad[ ( "s sup]natural imag9>y ?+ or be+ t has no exi/5ce & nev] _h4 ,man mu/ le>n to "k t man is an evolution ( nature's =ces1 a product ( ?is t]re/rial globe2 t all ! physical & physiological ph5om5a ( 8 f9e muscul> & n]v\s sy/em are ! natural products & functions ( 8 organization2 t :e!r s\l1 _s1 ,god or ,jehovah1 !y 7 evolv$ 9 ! bra9 ( man2 t man1 z man1 ) all 8 end[m5ts1 faculties1 & capabilities1 is "p & p>cel ( ?is e>?1 a natural result ( natural causes1 & ! sup]natural1 ! ,god or gods1 is ! natural product ( man's work+ faculties4 ,! sci5tific _w has long s9ce disc>d$ e idea ( any?+ sup]natural1 decl>$ ! impossibility1 falsity1 & absurdity ( ! scriptural fable1 & t ,god1 ,jehovah1 ) all ! +5i\s prie/ly inv5tions1 has prov$ itself p]nici\s & oppressive to humanity & contr>y to intellig5ce1 reason1 & common s5se4 ,man to "k 8 rights mu/ "k himself1 8 nature & 8 natural surr\nd+s1 & if he kn[s himself1 he w le>n t ,god did n create man1 b t man creat$ ,god1 & t e man is & mu/ be 8 own ,god to be a true man4 ,"k ! natural1 nev] m9d ! sup]natural4 ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,god4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,univ]sal ,,aspect4 ,! beg9n+ ( intellectual developm5t consi/s ( obs]vant exp]i5ce4 ,by frequ5t & repeat$ obs]vation man acquir$ a famili>ity ) ! subjects ( t process--a cle>] & bett] und]/&+ ( !m4 ,?us1 ! ,*aldean %eph]ds1 :ile m9d+ _! flocks ( %eep & cattle1 lazily & cont9u\sly wat*$ ! sky & />ry ho/s1 & by degrees recogniz$1 & acquir$ a k (1 _m ( ! />s1 lay+ ! f\ndation = a/ronomy4 ,au?orities /ate t !y compos$ sev5ty-two volumes on t sci5ce1 ^! books dat+ z f> back z #b1edj ,b4,c41 treat+ ( ! pol> />1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 & s on4 ,x is possible t _m errors att5d$ _! obs]vations2 _m mi/akes may h ent]$ _! explanations4 ,t 0 natural1 consid]+ ! remot5ess ( ! times & ! lack ( facilities4 ,k & tru? nev] come easily4 ,! =m] is v h>d to acquire1 ! latt] v difficult to discov]4 ,e tru?1 e new idea1 has to battle aga9/ old e/abli%$ notions4 ,if ! new idea is p]si/$ 91 :i* is ord9>ily ! case1 a /ruggle mu/ ensue4 ,! old idea resi/s1 refuses to yield1 no matt] h[ false1 ridicul\s1 or p]nici\s x may be4 ,yield1 h[ev]1 x mu/1 & does 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,tru? mu/ w9 9 ! long run1 ?\gh x has to fight its way ?r\gh dep?s ( ignorance1 prejudice1 & sup]/ition1 su/a9$ by hate1 bigotry1 t]rorism1 & p]secution4 ,z c5tury aft] c5tury pass$ 9 ! ,d>k ,ages1 apo/les ( sci5ce & tru? appe>$1 "h & !re1 n[ & !n1 calm1 dignifi$1 pati5t1 p]si/5t & p]sev]+1 untir+1 self-d5y+1 m5 ( sup]ior intellect1 unsway$ & undismay$ by exi/+ au?orities4 ,^! m5 gave u1 ?\gh n a complete1 a v ample revelation ( nature1 unfold+ its my/]ies1 expla9+ its ph5om5a1 mak+ kn[n ! tru? z f> z m5 _h be5 able to discov] up to _! "t4 ,nature ) its laws man _h to obs]ve c>efully 9 ord] to le>n to unravel its secrets1 its work+s1 its =ces4 ,!re is no way to reveal !m except ?r\gh ! m9d ( man4 ,!re are no means ( kn[+ or discov]+ ! intricacies & subtleties ( nature's hidd5 & inexhau/ible res\rces b by c>eful ?\ght1 reason1 con/ant /udy & application4 ,n a s+le problem has ev] be5 solv$--9 fact1 "o _c be solv$--except by acquir$ intellectual p[]s1 develop$ by ! ref9+ process ( education ( ! great n]v\s c5t]s ( man4 ,_m s*ol>s h devot$ & /ill devote _! "t1 _! en]gy1 _! life1 9 se>* ( new facts1 new tru?s1 conc]n+ ! />s1 planet>y sy/em1 & ?is t]re/rial globe we live on especially4 ,c5turies be=e ,*ri/'s "t1 & aft]1 m5 7 engag$ 9 develop+ ! sci5ce ( ,a/ronomy--,anaxim&]1 ,hipp>*us1 ,ptolemy1 ,cop]nicus1 ,galileo1 ,newton1 ,h]s*el1 & _m o!rs4 ,^! m5 7 ! apo/les ( tru?1 ! tea*]s ( facts1 & "s ( !m 7 m>tyrs to sci5ce4 ,! great civiliz]1 ! press ( mod]n times1 0 rec5tly fill$ ) acc\nts ab\t ! planet ,m>s1 comet1 etc41 giv+ all ! detail$ in=mation obta9able4 ,ev]yone :o reads ! newspap]s le>ns some?+ ab\t ,m>s1 & v5tures to give 8 op9ion1 :e!r x is l ! e>?--inhabit$1 has seas or atmosph]e1 etc4 ,s t1 :atev] new facts are reveal$1 new tru?s ann\nc$1 ! m9ds ( m5 are made s mu* ri*]4 ,k1 ! progress ( sci5ce1 ! discov]ies ( important facts1 ! improvem5ts ( political1 social1 or civil laws1 d n come to u spontane\sly1 nor d !y come to u sudd5ly 9 ov]p[]+ quantities2 x is a process ( gradual acquirem5t1 a sl[ accumulation1 to :i* e g5]ation contributes its quota ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce t makes up ! total weal? ( aggregate ?\ght1 & is h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 our common inh]itance4 ,?is common inh]itance is nei!r all true nor all good4 ,a l>ge proportion t has be5 h&$ d[n to u by ! anci5ts is n true or good1 ?\gh x is believ$ to be true & good4 ,! revelations ( absolute tru?s1 ( actual facts1 are ( m rec5t date--discov]ies made )9 ! la/ few c5turies4 ,! spuri\s1 s-call$ revelations are ! works ( antiquity1 :i* are n bas$ on tru? or fact or k or exp]i5ce4 ,! m5tal faculties ( pri/9e m5 7 primitive1 & _! ideas 7 z primitive4 ,!y liv$ 9 an age ( infancy2 x 0 all surprise1 wond]1 a/oni%m5t1 & miracle4 ,:5 ,kepl] discov]$ ! law t ,planets revolve 9 ellipses ) ! sun at "o focus1 he work$ h>d = _m days1 & aft] _m trials succe$$4 ,he also discov]$ a second law1 :i* he def9es1 ,a l9e connect+ ! c5t] ( ! e>? ) ! c5t] ( ! sun passes ov] equal spaces 9 equal times2 & 8 ?ird law1 ,! squ>es ( ! times ( revolutions ( ! planets ab\t ! sun are proportion$ to ! c5t] ( _! mean di/ance f ! sun4 ,no "o ev] claim$ = ,kepl]1 nor has he laid claim himself1 t he 0 inspir$ by ,god1 or receiv$ ! idea ?r\gh any sup]natural ag5cy4 ,! ho/ile & bitt] opposition t ,galileo met on ! "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is too well kn[n2 b ! importance ( 8 discov]ies1 & ! tru?1 rema9s4 ,all intellig5t p]sons ought to und]/& ,newton's law ( gravitation4 ,if !y und]/ood ! full import & significance ( t law1 !y w\ld nev] believe 9 ! absurd miracles ( ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 ,elijah1 ,*ri/ & ,company4 ,! law3 ,e p>ticle ( matt] 9 ! univ]se attracts e o!r p>ticle ( matt] ) a =ce directly proportional to its quantity ( matt]1 & decreas+ z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance increases4 ,x is mo/ rem>kable--t man discov]+ great tru?s1 conc]n+ :i* !re has nev] be5 any dispute1 or controv]sy1 or fight2 t /&1 unalt]$ & un*ang$1 =ev]4 ,su* m5 h n be5 inspir$ by ,god1 ,jehovah1 ,*ri/1 or ! ,holy ,gho/1 or any?+ sup]natural4 ,!y h accompli%$ _! works by _! p[]s ( obs]vation1 great m5tal ef=ts1 skillful explanation & elucidation1 accompli%$ by h>d & untir+ "w4 ,x is a/oni%+ t1 9 ! pres5ce ( s _m reveal$ natural tru?s1 s _m asc]ta9$ sci5tific facts1 & num]\s discov]ies 9 ?is c5tury1 :i* is claim$ to be mu* advanc$ 9 civilization1 intellig5t p]sons--tea*]s1 prea*]s1 prie/s1 & ^? lay+ claim to s*ol>%ip--/ill believe t ! vision>y figures1 ! product ( di/ort$ imag9ation or halluc9ation1 ( m5 l ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 etc41 7 ( sup]natural orig94 ,! incr$ible /ories f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 ! fabul\s inv5tions concoct$ 9 ! imag9ation ( "s p]son or p]sons away 9 ,*aldea _m ?\s& ye>s ago1 are /ill taught to be true1 & ! *ildr5 9 ! ,sunday-s*ools are in/ruct$ to believe ^! absurdities4 ,! undue ha/e exhibit$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 9 creat+ ! e>?1 etc41 is "o ( ^? wond]ful puzzles to a *ild's m9d4 ,x is a some?+ t is n easily expla9$ at l5g? to "y p )\t awak+ ! suspicion ( its impossibility1 & requires consid]able +5uity to satisfy inquir+ m9ds conc]n+ x4 ,! sup]naturali/s get ov] x by a f9al & complete answ]1 t admits ( no argum5t--t ,) ,god ev]y?+ is possible4 ,t be+ absolutely untrue1 ! answ] expla9s no?+1 b has a t5d5cy to /upefy ! *ild & h9d] its educational advancem5t1 = ! reason t su* an answ] puts a /op to all f>!r inquiry4 ,?is really has be5 ! effect ( ?is p]nici\s tea*+ = _m c5turies4 ,all ! /ories1 fables1 my?s1 h&$ d[n to u f antiquity may be class$ 9 ! same category4 ,!re are _m ( !m--yes1 a p]fect wild]ness4 ,all are true 9 "p1 b false z a :ole4 ,^u close exam9ation we f9d glimm]+s ( tru? 9 all ( !m4 ,! diff]5ce lies 9 ! k9d1 n 9 ! quality4 ,9 ! biblical /ory ( creation1 ! writ]s _h evid5tly obs]v$1 & knew1 !re 7 an e>?1 wat]1 />s1 & some?+ above ! e>? :i* !y call$ heav51 ! atmosph]e4 ,t 0 ! limit ( _! k4 ,!y knew !y exi/$1 & ?+s & objects t surr\nd$ !m exi/$1 & !y made an attempt 9 _! primitive me?od to acc\nt = ! mann] 9 :i* ^! ?+s came into exi/5ce4 ,!y c\ld "k no?+ ab\t x1 because ! mo/ important discov]ies 7 made ?\s&s ( ye>s lat]4 ,hesiod1 #ijj ,b4,c41 9 8 ,!ogonia1 invokes ! ,muses :o inhabit ! heav5ly mansions1 & ^: k ( g5]ation & bir? he _h =m]ly sung3 ,tell1 ye cele/ial p[]s1 h[ fir/ ! gods & _w 7 made2 ! riv]s1 & ! b\ndless sea1 ) its /rong surge4 ,also1 ! bright1 %9+ />s1 & wide-/ret*$ heav5 above1 & all ! gods t sprang f !m1 giv]s ( good ?+s4 ,! ,muses answ]3 ,fir/ ( all exi/$ *aos2 next 9 ord] ! broad-bosom$ ,e>?2 !n ,love appe>$1 ! mo/ beautiful ( immortals4 ,f *aos sprang ,erebus & dusky night1 & f night & ,erebus came ,e!r & smil+ day4 ,he gives a fur!r description1 :i*1 l ! =ego+1 we "k to be fiction1 yet to conta9 elem5ts ( tru?4 ,we are n ask$ to believe all4 ,he says3 ,look up1 & view ! imm5se expanse ( heav51 ,! b\ndless ,e!r 9 8 g5ial arms ,clasp+ ! e>?4 ,him calle/ ?\ ,god & ,jove4 ,x is no easy matt] = a man ( ord9>y education to =m a notion ( ! m5tal crud5ess ( ! l[] type ( ! human race ( our own times2 x is f> m difficult = him to dive/ 8 m9d ( all its acquisitions ?r\gh /udy & obs]vation1 & r$uce 8 ideas to ! level ( ^? prog5itors ( 8 race1 ! m5 ( antiquity4 ,:5 m5 _h to /ruggle ) savage bea/s1 x requir$ sup]ior intellig5ce to pres]ve !mselves f de/ruction4 ,t might h l$ to ! wor%ip ( ! /ronge/ animals1 su* z ! lion & ! tig]4 ,b no soon] did man le>n ! use ( iron1 :i* enabl$ him to kill ^! 8 gods1 prov+ himself sup]ior to ! ?+ he wor%ip$1 ?an ^! gods 7 ?r[n aside4 ,s long z man 0 unable to expla9 ! my/]i\s appe>ances ( ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 he end[$ !m ) 8 own intellig5ce4 ,he wor%ip$ :at 0 to him incompreh5sible1 mighty1 wond]ful2 made images repres5t+ _! ph5om5a or =ces = 8 adoration4 ,9 8 m9d he pictur$ ! sun z a w>rior clad 9 gold5 panoply1 ! pale moon he reg>d$ z ! que51 & ! />s z an imm5se ho/ ( spirits & h]oes4 ,"s int]pret$ ! sun to be ! *ild ( d>kness1 ! morn+ ! bride ( heav51 ! cl\ds a fairy network1 & ! heat a fri5d ( man2 :5 ! heat 0 v int5se1 !n ! sun 0 slay+ 8 *ildr54 ,!y w\ld lik5 ! d>k cl\ds :i* re/$ on ! e>? to a t]rible be+ :om !y nam$ ! ,snake or ,dragon1 t %ut up ! wat]s 9 8 prisonh\se4 ,:5 ! ?und] roll$ !y said t ?is hateful mon/] 0 utt]+ 8 h>d riddles2 & :51 at la/1 ! ra9 bur/ =?1 !y said t ! bright sun _h sla9 8 enemy1 & br\ght ! /ream ( life = ! ?ir/+ e>?4 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll] says3 ,he beg9s to lift up 8 eyes2 he />es at ! t5t ( heav51 & asks1 ,:o supports x8 ,he op5s 8 e>s to ! w9ds1 & asks !m1 ,:5ce & :i!r8 ,he is awak5$ f d>kness & slumb] by ! light ( ! sun1 & him :om 8 eyes _c behold1 & :o seems to grant him ! daily pittance ( 8 exi/5ce1 he calls 8 life1 8 heal?1 8 brilliant ,"l & ,protector4 ,he gives names to all ! p[]s ( nature4 ,all sorts ( names 7 inv5t$ to designate any p>ticul> =ce1 ph5om5on1 or *>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! ,v$as ! sun has tw5ty diff]5t names1 ea* "o descriptive ( ! sun or its aspect4 ,9 ,p]sia ! blaz+ sun 0 ador$1 & alt>s smok$ p]petually ( fire4 ,9 ,gaul & ,brita9 pill>s 7 rais$ to ! sun1 alt>s to ! moon1 & fires 7 heap$ "u sacrificial caldrons to ,c>dw51 ! e>?-goddess4 ,man's ideas ( c\rse und]w5t modifications z civilization advanc$4 ,! religi\s idea _h tak5 root & elaborat$ ramifications1 & laws 7 evolv$ to gov]n !m4 ,! sun ( prosp]ity %one2 communities grew /rong] & m num]\s2 f ! wor%ip ( ! physical laws ( nature1 ! laws gov]n+ morality became involv$4 ,?us morals invad$ nations1 ov] :i* !y en?ron$ _! gods4 ,e nation elaborat$ its own details1 & sl[ly took its relative position4 ,z ^! gods grew 9 importance m5 assum$ ! responsibility to gu>d !m1 & ! function to att5d !m4 ,?us a class call$ prie/s 7 *os51 elect$1 or self-appo9t$ to m9i/] to !m4 ,^! function>ies at ! same "t assum$ ! moral & political guidance ( nations or communities1 & individuals4 ,9 ?is mann] arose hundr$s ^u hundr$s ( ,gods3 ,io1 ,isis1 ,jupit]1 ,juno1 etc41 etc4 ,! qualities ( ! gods1 l ! qualities ( m51 7 good & bad4 ,!y 7 good & evil1 light & d>k1 life & dea?1 & 7 arrang$ to suit ! "t & occasion4 ,:5 laws 7 e/abli%$ to gov]n society1 ob$i5ce to ^! laws 0 decl>$ to be "r1 disob$i5ce wrong4 ,m5 le>n$ ?is2 !y became consci\s ( :at 0 "r & :at 0 wrong4 ,! m9i/ration to ^! gods 0 ackn[l$g$ to be a righte\s act4 ,rules 7 e/abli%$ to prev5t any violation or infr+em5t ( ! duty due to ^! gods4 ,a trespass 9 violation ( any?+ consid]$ sacr$ 0 reg>d$ z an evil--a s94 ,sl[ly ! consci\sness ( s91 ( do+ wrong1 ( violat+ ! law1 0 recogniz$ & e/abli%$1 & ! attitude m5 assum$ t[>ds ! gods1 or _! conduct t[>ds !m1 0 reg>d$ z moral hol9ess1 sanctity1 or piety4 ,! evolution ( images1 idols1 gods & goddesses1 0 n ! "w ( a day1 b ( v _m c5turies4 ,! same may be said ( sacrifices1 wor%ip1 c]emonies1 ! laws conc]n+ ! same1 hol9ess1 s91 good & evil1 sanctity1 sacrilege1 div9ity1 blasphemy1 etc41 etc4 ,!ologians1 z well z !ological philosoph]s & !ori/s1 f9d+ _! pet notion ( a god /rangely int]f]$ ) & di/urb$ by ! advanc+ progress 9 ! k ( ! natural sci5ces1 br+ to _! aid additional pro( to demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( a god1 viz41 t all races ( m51 :]ev] f\nd1 savage1 b>b>ian1 ,indian1 ,african1 etc41 on ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface1 believe 9 a some?+ high] & great] or m p[]ful ?an !mselves1 a _s1 a s\l1 a sup]natural be+4 ,un=tunately = _! argum5t1 ?is m5tal condition t is ascrib$ to ! b>b>ians1 etc41 z be+ in/9ctive or innate--t is1 ?is sup]natural elem5t--?is hav+ an idea ( some?+ !y d n und]/&--proves ! contr>y1 t !re is no tru? 9 _! assumption4 ,! v fact t !y h gone ?r\gh t process1 or are go+ ?r\gh x1 %[s x a k9d ( educational di/emp] ( a l[] ord] t all primitive races h to pass4 ,z *ildr5 :o le>n to read mu/ fir/ "k _! ,a ,b ,c1 x is ! road t leads to a high] grade ( ?\ght4 ,!y beg9 9 surprise & wond] at ! natural1 conc]n+ :i* !y "k no?+4 ,!y fe>1 !y adore ! =ces !y _c ov]come4 ,!y make images ( !m 9 _! lik5ess & wor%ip !m4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !y h le>n$ ?r\gh exp]i5ce to ov]p[] !m1 !y cease to respect !m4 ,new =ms are adopt$1 modifications made1 & la/ly s *ang$ t b a m]e %ad[ ( ! orig9al rema9s4 ,all races began 9 a simil> fa%ion1 v>y+ 9 =m & me?od4 ,! sun1 cl\ds1 atmosph]e1 seasons1 oceans1 ?und]1 & all o!r ph5om5a 9 nature--! inability to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( ^! l$ to wor%ip1 sacrifice1 etc42 & images1 idols1 gods1 orig9at$2 & 9 connection ) !m1 /ories1 fables1 my?s1 & fictions 7 suppli$ by ! (ficiat+ prie/s or p]sons 9 att5dance4 ,! fanciful creations ( ! imag9ation hold good & w hold good s long z we d n "k any?+ ( ! realities ( life1 ( nature1 ( ! actualities1 ( facts1 ( tru?4 ,b :5 ! masses %all h le>n$ m ( nature1 !n ! vision>y1 ! imag9>y god1 ! heirloom & h]itage ( our antiquat$ =efa!rs1 w be ?r[n aside z ! images 7 by ,abraham1 ! idols dismiss$ or disc>d$ lat]4 ,! relics1 ! remnants1 ( ?is b>b>ism /ill h a hold on ! m9ds ( m54 ,our entire religi\s fabric re/s ^u ! creation z relat$ 9 ! ,bible1 h&$ d[n to u z ! univ]sally ackn[l$g$ text-book ( all k4 ,! "t 0 :5 x 0 dang]\s to d\bt1 & imp]il$ "o's safety or ev5 life to op5ly /ate an op9ion contr>y to ! suppos$ infallible ass]tions conta9$ 9 ! holy book4 ,! man or m5 :o orig9ally wrote t "p ( ,g5esis _h n ! remote/ idea :at he or !y 7 talk+ ab\t4 ,he or !y knew no?+ ( ! subject-matt] 9 consid]ation4 ,! /ory told is l _m o!r fables t _h _! orig9 9 ^? e>ly days ( wak+ humanity4 ,! great masses are n v mu* bett] (f to-day z reg>ds ^! notions4 ,!y /ill believe 9 ! ,bible1 & hang _! hopes ( salvation on its tru?4 ,! *ur*es tea* x1 & x =ms "p & p>cel ( ! *ur* cre$4 ,x w !re=e d no h>m to pres5t a few facts--t ! holie/ prie/ _c contradict1 t ! mo/ pi\s prea*] mu/ admit--t admit ( no argum5t or controv]sy1 because absolutely true4 ,e intellig5t p]son kn[s t we live on ?is e>?2 t ?is e>? is also call$ ! _w1 & t ?is _w is a planet2 t ?is planet belongs to a family ( planets4 ,?is planet ( ours1 ?is e>?1 belongs to a sy/em ( planets kn[n z ! sol> sy/em4 ,& ! sol> sy/em is ma9ly compris$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,zodiacs4 ,by ! ,zodiacs is meant a belt ( ! ,cele/ial ,sph]e4 #h on ea* side ( ! ,ecliptic is /yl$ ! ,zodiac4 ,?is division is ( v high antiquity1 hav+ be5 9 use among ! ,h9doos & ,egyptians4 ,! ,zodiac is divid$ into twelve equal p>ts1 ( #cj ea*1 call$ signs1 to ea* ( :i* a fanciful "n is giv54 ,! sun is ! c5t]4 ,ar\nd him ! planets revolve 9 ellipses4 ,! sun itself has a diamet] ( #hff1jjj miles4 ,! major planets revolv+ ar\nd ! sun z f> z kn[n are z foll[s3 ,"n4 ,di/ance f ! sun4 ,diamet]4 ,vulcan #ac1jjj1jjj miles4 unkn[n4 ,m]cury #cf1jjj1jjj 11 #c1jjj miles4 ,v5us #fg1jjj1jjj 11 #g1fjj 11 ,e>? #ic1jjj1jjj 11 #h1jjj 11 ,m>s #ada1jjj1jjj 11 #d1bjj 11 ,jupit] #dhc1jjj1jjj 11 #ij1jjj 11 ,saturn #hhf1jjj1jjj 11 #gc1jjj 11 ,uranus #a1ghb1jjj1jjj 11 #cc1jjj 11 ,neptune #b1gij1jjj1jjj 11 #cg1jjj 11 ,x is n an easy matt] to imag9e t we are susp5d$ 9 space2 be+ held up1 n by any visible object1 b 9 accordance ) ! laws ( univ]sal gravitation1 :]eby ea* planet attracts e o!r planet & is 9 turn attract$ by all4 ,!re are a numb] ( m9or planets1 satellites1 a moon1 & meteors or %oot+-/>s1 & comets1 etc41 etc4 ,! sun1 ! great c5tral globe1 is s va/ z to ov]come ! attraction ( all ! planets1 & compel !m to circle ar\nd him2 next we come to ! planets1 ea* turn+ on its axis :ile x flies ar\nd ! sun 9 an elliptical orbit2 !n accompany+ !m are ! satellites or moons1 ea* revolv+ ab\t its own planet1 :ile all :irl 9 a dizzy waltz ab\t ! c5tral orb2 next ! comets1 ru%+ across ! planet>y orbits at irregul> int]vals ( "t & space2 & f9ally %oot+-/>s or meteors1 d>t+ hi!r & ?i!r1 int]weav+ all 9 app>5tly inextricable confusion4 ,to make ! picture m wond]ful /ill1 e memb] is fly+ ) an inconceivable velocity1 & yet ) su* accuracy t ! sol> sy/em is ! mo/ p]fect timepiece kn[n4 ,! moon's di/ance f ! e>? is #bci1jjj miles2 & x has a diamet] ( #b1afj miles4 ,! above gives "s idea ( ! imm5sity ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,& x is b "o ( ! myriads ( sy/ems1 & our e>? a speck amid/ x4 ,if on a cle> night we ca/ our eyes upw>ds1 we behold a belt ( closely dott$ />s ext5d+ across ! sky--! ,milky ,way4 ,?is galaxy1 a lum9\s1 cl\dlike b&1 /ret*es across ! heav5s 9 a great circle1 & conta9s myriads ( />s1 d5sely cr[d$ toge!r4 ,h]s*el rem>ks t #bhh1jjj />s once pass$ across ! field ( 8 great reflector 9 =ty-"o m9utes1 & says3 ,?us we are to ?9k ( our own sun z a /> ( ! second or ?ird magnitude1 & ( our little sol> sy/em z plung$ f> into ! mid/ ( ! vortex ( worlds1 a m]e atom along t ',broad & ample road ,^: du/ is gold & pavem5t />s4' ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,?is e>? we live on is a planet1 & belongs to ! sol> sy/em ( planets4 ,x %9es brightly1 & appe>s to o!r worlds z o!r planets d to u4 ,x is ne>ly #be1jjj miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & has a diamet] ( a little ov] #h1jjj miles4 ,x is five & a half times d5s] ?an wat]1 & weighs ab\t #f1jif1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj tons4 ,! atmosph]e t surr\nds ?is e>? is l a %ell t is two hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ or m miles 9 ?ickness4 ,we live at ! bottom ( an imm5se ocean ( gase\s matt]1 :i* envelops ev]y?+1 & presses ^u ev]y?+ ) a =ce :i* appe>s1 at fir/1 p]fectly incr$ible1 b ^: actual am\nt admits ( easy pro(4 ,gravity be+1 s f> z is kn[n1 common to all matt]1 x is natural to expect t gases1 be+ mat]ial sub/ances1 %\ld be act$ ^u by ! e>?'s attraction1 z well z solids & liquids4 ,?is is really ! case1 & ! result is ! weight or pressure ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* is no?+ m ?an ! effect ( ! attraction ( ! e>? on ! p>ticles ( air4 ,! am\nt ( pressure ex]t$ ^u e squ>e in* ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ! objects !reon1 is f f\rte5 to fifte5 p\nds4 ,?is enorm\s =ce is borne )\t inconv5i5ce by ! animal frames1 by reason ( its p]fect uni=mity 9 e direction2 & x may be d\bl$1 or ev5 tripl$1 )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,an important law :i* connects ! volume occupi$ by a gas ) ! pressure made ^u x1 is express$ by ,m>iotte 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,?is law is usually call$ ,m>iotte's law3 ,! volume ( gas is inv]sely z ! pressure2 ! d5sity & ela/ic =ce are directly z ! pressure1 & indirectly z ! volume4 ,?is law has be5 f\nd to be true no matt] h[ r>efi$ ! air4 ,! atmosph]e1 l ev]y?+ else on e>? or connect$ !re)1 & l all o!r planets kn[n1 & ! e>? itself1 is compos$ ( elem5ts1 z we %all see pres5tly4 ,! atmosph]ic air is compos$ ( gases1 elem5t>y sub/ances1 kn[n by ! names ( ,nitrog5 & ,oxyg51 ) v>iable proportions ( c>bonic acid & wat]y vapors1 & usually a trace ( ammonia4 ,besides ^!1 !re may occasionally be o!r sub/ances pres5t1 dep5d+ ^u local causes1 z ! odorif]\s pr9ciples ( plants & ! miasmata ( m>%es1 etc41 etc4 ,ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( ! atmosph]e is compos$ ( nitrog51 :ile ab\t "o-f\r? or less is oxyg54 ,! foll[+ is ! relative proportion3 ,by weight4 ,by measure4 ,nitrog5 #gf4i #gi4c ,oxyg5 #bc4a #bj4g ----- ----- #ajj #ajj ,its specific gravity is unity 7#a71 be+ ! /&>d ) :i* ! d5sity ( all gase\s sub/ances is comp>$4 ,x is #had times light] ?an wat]1 & ne>ly #aa1jfe times light] ?an m]cury2 #ajj cubic in*es weigh #ca gra9s4 ,oxyg5 is necess>y to combu/ion1 to ! respiration ( animals1 & to v>i\s o!r natural op]ations1 by all ( :i* t gas is )drawn f ! air4 ,x is obvi\s t its quantity w\ld gradually dim9i%1 unless ! t5d5cy ( ^! causes 7 c\nt]act$ by "s comp5sat+ process4 ,?is1 to "s consid]able ext5t1 is accompli%$ by vegetation1 z x is f\nd t heal?y plants1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! sun's light1 con/antly draw c>bonic acid f ! air1 ! c>bon ( :i* is reta9$1 :ile ! oxyg5 is return$4 ,! atmosph]e becomes less & less d5se f ! surface ( ! e>? upw>ds4 ,animals & vegetables exi/ 9 ?is atmosph]e4 ,!y _c exi/ 9 any o!r4 ,all liv+ ?+s & be+s live on ?is e>?'s cru/4 ,vegetables are fix$ to ! soil ( ?is e>?1 :ile animals move freely ^u x4 ,! e>?'s cru/4--,sir ,*>les ,lyell speak+ ( ?is e>?'s cru/ says3 ,by ! 'e>?'s cru/' is meant t small portion ( ! surface ( our planet :i* is accessible to human obs]vation1 or on :i* we are enabl$ to reason by obs]vations made at or ne> ! surface4 ,^! reason+s may ext5d to a dep? ( sev]al miles1 p]haps t5 miles2 & ev5 !n x may be said t su* a ?ickness is no m ?an #a_/djj "p ( ! di/ance f ! surface to ! c5t]4 ,! rem>k is j1 b al?\gh ! dim5sions ( su* a cru/ are1 9 tru?1 insignificant :5 comp>$ ) ! entire globe1 yet !y are va/ & ( magnific5t ext5t 9 relation to man & to ! o!r organic be+s :i* p our globe4 ,ref]r+ to ?is /&>d ( magnitude1 ! geologi/ may admire ! ample limits ( 8 doma91 & admit at ! same "t t n only ! ext]ior ( ! planet1 b ! entire e>?1 is b an atom 9 ! mid/ ( ! c\ntless worlds survey$ by ! a/ronom]4 ,! solid "p ( ?is e>? consi/s ( di/9ct sub/ances1 su* z clay1 *alk1 s&1 lime/one1 coal1 slate1 granite1 & ! l4 ,x has be5 imag9$ t ! v>i\s deposits on ! e>?'s surface 7 creat$ 9 _! pres5t =m & 9 _! pres5t position4 ,on ! contr>y1 x has be5 %[n t !y h acquir$ _! actual configuration & condition gradually1 "u a v>iety ( circum/ances1 & at successive p]iods1 dur+ ea* ( :i* di/9ct races ( liv+ be+s h fl\ri%$ on ! l& & 9 ! wat]s1 ! rema9s ( ^! creatures /ill ly+ buri$ 9 ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,! mat]ials ( ?is cru/ are n ?r[n toge!r confus$ly2 b di/9ct m9]al masses call$ rock are f\nd to occupy def9ite spaces & to exhibit a c]ta9 ord] ( arrangem5t4 ,^! rocks are divid$ into f\r great classes by ref]5ce to _! diff]5t orig91 or 9 o!r words by ref]5ce to ! diff]5t circum/ances & causes by :i* !y h be5 produc$4 ,! fir/ two divisions1 :i* w at once be und]/ood z natural1 are ! aque\s & volcanic1 or ! products ( wat] & ^? ( igne\s action at or ne> ! surface4444 ,! aque\s rocks1 sometimes call$ s$im5t>y or fossilif]\s1 cov] a l>g] "p ( ! e>?'s surface ?an any o!r4 ,^! rocks are /ratifi$1 or divid$ into di/9ct lay]s or /rata2 ^! /rata h be5 g5]ally spread out by ! action ( wat]1 l :at we daily see tak+ place ne> ! m\? ( riv]s or on ! l& dur+ a tempor>y inundation4 ,! rema9s ( animals1 especially ( aquatic species1 are f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 imb$d$ 9 /ratifi$ rocks2 & sometimes1 9 ! case ( lime/one1 !y are 9 su* abundance z to con/itute ! entire mass ( rock itself4 ,%ells & corals are ! mo/ frequ5t1 & ) !m are (t5 associat$ ! bones & tee? ( fi%es1 fragm5ts ( wood1 impressions ( leaves1 & o!r organic sub/ances4 ,:5 geology 0 fir/ cultivat$1 x 0 a g5]al belief t ^? m>9e %ells & o!r fossils 7 ! effects & pro(s ( ! deluge ( ,noah2 b all ^? :o h c>efully inve/igat$ ! ph5om5a h reject$ ?is doctr9e4 ,a transi5t flood might be suppos$ to leave beh9d x1 "h & !re ^u ! surface1 scatt]$ heaps ( mud & s& & %+le1 ) %ells confus$ly int]mix$2 b ! /rata conta9+ fossils are n sup]ficial deposits1 & d n simply cov] ! e>?1 b con/itute ! entire mass ( m\nta9s4 ,ample pro( ( ^! reit]at$ revelations is giv51 & x w be se5 t _m di/9ct sets ( s$im5t>y /rata1 ea* sev]al hundr$s or ?\s&s ( feet ?ick1 are pil$ "o ^u ! o!r 9 ! e>?'s cru/1 ea* conta9+ peculi> fossil animals & plants1 :i* are di/+ui%able1 ) few exceptions1 f species n[ liv+4 ,! mass ( "s ( ^! /rata consi/s almo/ entirely ( corals1 o!rs are made up ( %ells1 o!rs ( plants turn$ into coal1 :ile "s are )\t fossil4 ,volcanic rocks are ^? :i* h be5 produc$ at or ne> ! surface1 :e!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times1 n by wat]1 b by ! action ( fire or subt]ranean heat4 ,^! rocks are = ! mo/ "p un/ratifi$1 & are devoid ( fossils4 ,!re are two o!r divisions ( rock1 call$ ,plutonic rocks1 granite1 etc41 & ,metamorphic1 or /ratifi$ cry/all9e rocks4 ,! memb]s ( bo? ^! divisions ( rocks agree 9 be+ highly cry/all9e & de/itute ( organic rema9s4 ,! composition ( ! aque\s rocks1 m9]al composition ( /rata3 ,^! may be said to belong pr9cipally to ?ree divisions1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,ar5ace\s or silice\s rocks4 ,b$s ( loose s& frequ5tly met )1 ( :i* ! gra9s consi/ entirely ( silex1 :i* t]m compreh5ds all purely silice\s m9]als1 z qu>tz & common fl9t4 ,qu>tz is silex 9 its pure/ =m2 fl9t usually conta9s "s admixture ( alum9a & ! oxide ( iron4 ,silica is ! m9]al us$ 9 ! manufacture ( glass1 mix$ ) a little potassium oxide & lime1 or lead1 etc4 #b4 ,argillace\s rock4 ,a mixture ( silex or fl9t ) a l>ge proportion1 usually ab\t "o-f\r?1 ( alum9a or argil2 b 9 common language1 any e>? :i* possesses suffici5t ductility1 :5 knead$ up ) wat]1 to be fa%ion$ l pa/e by ! h& or by ! pott]'s la!1 is call$ clay4 ,su* clays v>y greatly 9 _! composition4 ,!y are1 9 g5]al1 no?+ m ?an mud d]iv$ f ! decomposition or we>+ d[n ( v>i\s rocks4 ,! pure/ clay 9 nature is porcela9 clay or kaol91 :i* results f ! decomposition ( a rock compos$ ( feldsp> & qu>tz1 & x is almo/ always mix$ ) qu>tz4 7,! kaol9 ( ,*9a consi/s ( #ga4ae p>ts ( silex1 #ae4hf ( alum9a1 #a4ib ( lime1 & #f4gc ( wat]47444 ,"o g5]al "* ( all argillace\s rocks is to give out a peculi>1 e>?y odor :5 brea!d ^u1 :i* is a te/ ( ! pres5ce ( alum9a4 #c4 ,calc>e\s ,rocks4 ,^! consi/ ma9ly ( *alk--lime & c>bonic acid4 ,%ells & corals also are =m$ ( ! same elem5ts1 ) ! addition ( animal matt]4 ,any lime/one :i* is suffici5tly h>d to take a f9e poli% is call$ m>ble4 ,_m ( ^! are fossilif]\s2 b /atu>y m>ble1 :i* is also call$ sac*>9e lime/one1 z hav+ a texture resembl+ t ( loaf-sug>1 is devoid ( fossil4 ,silice\s lime/one is an intimate mixture ( c>bonate ( lime & fl9t1 & is h>d] 9 proportion z ! fl9ty matt] pr$om9ates4 ,m>l slate be>s ! same relation to m>l :i* %ale be>s to clay1 be+ calc>e\s %ale4 ,magnesian lime/one is compos$ ( c>bonate ( lime & c>bonate ( magnesia2 ! proportion ( ! latt] am\nt+ 9 "s cases to ne>ly "o-half4 ,x eff]vesces mu* m sl[ly & feebly ) acid ?an common lime/one4 ,gypsum is a rock compos$ ( sulphuric acid1 lime1 & wat]4 ,x is usually a s(t :iti%-yell[ rock1 ) a texture resembl+ loaf-sug>1 b sometimes x is entirely compos$ ( l5ticul> cry/als4 ,alaba/] is a granul> & compact v>iety ( gypsum f\nd 9 masses l>ge en\gh to be us$ 9 sculpture & ar*itecture4 ,x is sometimes a pure sn[-:ite sub/ance4 ,x is a s(t] /one ?an m>ble & m easily wr\ght4 ,:5 geologi/s exam9e ! e>?'s cru/1 !y usually comm5ce ) ! surface on :i* we live1 & se>* d[nw>ds z f> z possible4 ,lyell con/ruct$ a tabul> view ( ! fossilif]\s /rata4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t we h no o!r me?ods ( asc]ta9+ ! tru? ?an by close obs]vation1 mak+ dilig5t se>*1 9 ord] to discov] :at ?is e>?'s cru/ is made (4 ,we h no sup]natural facilities to give u in=mation1 & we are v c]ta9 !re nev] 7 any4 ,:at in=mation we are reckon$ to h1 h&$ d[n by our antiquat$ b>b>ian =efa!rs1 is ( a diff]5t nature4 ,x ref]s--briefly /at$--to ! conduct ( ,man1 ! mann] 9 :i* he %all act z an individual1 or collectively z a community2 includ+ a great numb] ( :at are consid]$ n[ !atrical or m\ntebank c]emonies1 fancy cu/oms1 sacrifices1 & a repetition ( c]ta9 phrases1 ord9>ily call$ pray]s1 accompani$ by illu/rative images & pictures1 & movem5ts ( body--fanta/ic symbols & devices creat$ & prescrib$ by man4 ,hav+ no o!r means ( asc]ta9+ facts1 man 0 naturally compell$ to se>* = te/imony 9 ! e>?'s cru/--to discov] :at x is compos$ (2 ! k9d ( mat]ial2 h[ x 0 =m$2 ! "t x took to =m2 ! p]iod t elaps$ betwe5 =mations2 h[ ! lay]s or /rata 7 sup]pos$ "o ^u ano!r2 :at sub/ances 7 f\nd 9 !m2 :]e organic life 0 fir/ f\nd2 :at x consi/$ (2 :5 man fir/ appe>$4 ,by exam9+ ?is table we get a glimpse ( ! true /ate ( ?+s4 ,?is %[s ! ord] ( sup]position1 or *ronological succession1 ( ! pr9cipal ,european gr\ps3 ,i4 ,po/-,t]ti>y4 ,a4 ,po/-,plioc5e4 ,p]iods & ,gr\ps4 #a4 ,rec5t4 ,peat mosses1 %ell m>ls1 ) bones ( l& animals1 human rema9s & works ( art4 ,new] p>ts ( mod]n deltas & coral reefs4 #b4 ,po/-,plioc5e4 ,clay1 m>l1 volcanic trap4 ,all ! %ell ( liv+ specim5s4 ,no human rema9s or works ( art4 ,bones ( quadrup$s1 p>tly ( ext9ct species4 ,,ii4 ,t]ti>y4 ,b4 ,plioc5e4 #c4 ,new] ,plioc5e4 ,b\ld] =mation4 ,cav]n =mation1 or ,plei/oc5e4 ,?ree-f\r?s ( fossil %ells ( ext9ct species4 ,a majority ( ! mammals ext9ct2 b ! g5]a correspond+ ) ^? n[ surviv+ 9 ! same great geographical & zoological prov9ces4 ,iceb]gs frequ5t 9 ! seas2 glaci]s on hills ( mod]ate height4 #d4 ,old] ,plioc5e4 ,a ?ird or m ( ! species ( mollusca ext9ct4 ,ne>ly1 if n all1 ! mammalia ext9ct4 ,c4 ,mioc5e4 #e4 ,mioc5e4 ,ab\t two-?irds ( ! species ( %ells ext9ct4 ,all ! mammalia ext9ct4 ,d4 ,eoc5e4 ,fossil %ells ( ! ,eoc5e p]iod1 ) v #f4 ,upp] ,eoc5e4 few exceptions1 ext9ct4 ,all ! mammalia ( ext9ct species1 & ! great] "p ( !m #g4 ,middle ,eoc5e4 ( ext9ct g5]a4 ,plants ( ,upp] ,eoc5e indicat+ a s\? ,european or ,m$it]ranean #h4 ,l[] ,eoc5e4 climate2 ^? ( ,l[] ,eoc5e a tropical climate4 ,,iii4 ,second>y4 ,e4 ,cretace\s--,upp]4 #i4 ,mae/ri*t b$s4 ,yell[i%-:ite lime/one4 ,l>ge m>9e saurians1 etc4 #aj4 ,upp] :ite *alk4 ,m>9e lime/one compos$ 9 "p ( decompos$ corals4 #aa4 ,l[] :ite *alk4 #ab4 ,upp] gre5 s&4 #ac4 ,gault4 ,d>k-blue m>l at base ( *alk esc>pm5t4 ,num]\s ext9ct g5]a--con*if]\s cephalopoda1 etc4 #ad4 ,l[] gre5 s&4 ,species ( %ells1 etc41 ne>ly all di/9ct f ^? ( ,upp] ,cretace\s4 ,f4 ,weald54 #ae4 ,weald clay1 ( fre%-wat] orig94 ,%ells ( ,pulmonif]\s mollusca4 #af4 ,ha/+s s&4 ,fre% wat]4 ,reptiles (1 etc4 #ag4 ,purbeck b$s4 ,lime/one1 calc>e\s slate1 etc4 ,roots ( trees2 plants1 etc4 ,g4 ,olite4 #ah4 ,upp] ,olite4 ,portl& build+-/one1 s&4 #ai4 ,middle ,olite4 ,ox=d clay1 d>k-blue clay4 ,l>ge saurians4 #bj4 ,l[] ,olite4 ,prepond]ance ( ganoid fi%4 ,plants *iefly cycads1 conif]s1 & f]ns4 ,h4 ,lias4 #ba4 ,argillace\s lime/one1 m>l clay4 ,mollusca1 reptiles1 & fi% analog\s to ! ,olitic4 ,i4 ,trias4 #bb4 ,upp] ,trias4 ,r$1 gray1 gre51 blue1 & :ite m>ls1 & s&/one1 ) gypsum4 ,batra*ian reptiles4 #bc4 ,middle ,trias4 ,compact grayi% lime/one1 ) b$s ( mus*elkalk1 ( dolomite & gypsum4 #bd4 ,l[] ,trias4 ,plants diff]5t = ! mo/ "p4 ,,iv4 ,prim>y4 ,j4 ,p]mian4 #be4 ,upp] ,p]mian4 ,yell[ magnesian lime/one4 ,organic rema9s bo? animal & vegetable1 m alli$ to prim>y ?an to second>y p]iod4 #bf4 ,l[] ,p]mian4 ,m>l slate4 ,!codont saurians1 het]oc]cal fi%1 etc4 ,k4 ,c>bonif]\s4 #bg4 ,coal measures4 ,great ?ickness ( /rata ( fluvio-m>9e orig91 ) b$s ( coal ( vegetable orig91 bas$ on soils reta9+ roots ( trees4 ,olde/ ( kn[n reptiles4 ,sauroid fi%4 #bh4 ,m\nta94 ,c>bonif]\s or m\nta9 lime/one4 ,lime/one ) m>9e %ells & corals1 etc4 ,l4 ,devonian4 #bi4 ,upp] ,devonian4 ,yell[ s&/one1 pav+ & ro(+ /one4 ,tribe ( fi% ) h>d cov]+s4 ,no reptiles yet kn[n4 #cj4 ,l[] ,devonian4 ,gray s&/one4 ,m4 ,silurian4 #ca4 ,upp] ,silurian4 ,tile/one4 ,olde/ fossil fi% yet discov]$4 ,trilobites1 etc4 #cb4 ,l[] ,silurian4 ,c>adoc s&/one1 etc4 ,no l& plants yet kn[n4 ,footpr9ts ( tortoise1 etc4 #cc4 ,upp] & ,l[] ,cambrian4 ,,synopsis4 ,po/-,t]ti>y4 ,plioc5e4 ,t]ti>y or ,ca9ozoic4 ,mioc5e4 ,eoc5e4 ,mesozoic4 ,cretace\s4 ,jurassic4 ,second>y or ,mesozoic4 ,triassic4 ,p]mian4 ,c>bonif]\s4 ,devonian4 ,prim>y or ,paleozoic4 ,paleozoic4 ,silurian4 ,cambrian4 ,! precise *emical action ^u ! elem5ts compos+ ^! v>i\s geological =mations at diff]5t remote p]iods1 is no d\bt difficult to asc]ta94 ,t !re always has be5 "s *emical action go+ on1 & t x is cont9ually go+ on1 is c]ta94 ,h[ & to :at ext5t we c judge only f ! exp]i5ce ( actual obs]vation 9 ! laboratory4 ,mr4 ,crale rem>ks3 ,! :ole surface ( ! l& is expos$ to *emical action ( ! air1 & ( ! ra9wat] ) its dissolv$ c>bonic acid1 & 9 cold] c\ntries ! fro/4 ,! dis9tegrat$ matt] is c>ri$ d[n ! slopes dur+ heavy ra92 &1 to a great] ext5t ?an might be suppos$1 especially 9 arid di/ricts1 by ! w9d2 x is !n transport$ by ! /reams & riv]s1 :i* :5 rapid deep5 _! *annels & triturate ! fragm5ts4 ,d>w9 says3 ,if ! !ory be true 7speak+ ( ! "t elaps$ s9ce ! ,cambrian l[e/ =mation7 x is indisputable t be=e ! l[e/ ,cambrian /ratum 0 deposit$1 long p]iods elaps$1 z long z1 or probably f> long] ?an1 ! :ole int]val f ! ,cambrian age to ! pres5t day2 t dur+ ^! va/ p]iods1 ! _w sw>m$ ) liv+ creatures4 ,"h we enc\nt] a =midable objection2 = x seems d\btful :e!r ! e>?1 9 a fit /ate = ! habitation ( liv+ creatures1 has la/$ long en\gh4 ,sir ,w4 ,?ompson concludes t ! consolidation ( ! cru/ c h>dly h occurr$ less ?an #bj or m ?an #djj million ye>s ago1 b probably n less ?an #ih or m ?an #bjj millions ( ye>s4 ,^! v wide limits %[ h[ d\btful ! data are2 & o!r elem5ts may h h]eaft] to be introduc$ into ! problem4 ,mr4 ,crale e/imates t ab\t #fj million ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! ,cambrian p]iod1 b ?is1 judg+ f ! small am\nt ( organic *ange s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! glacial epo*1 appe>s a v %ort "t = ! _m & great mutations ( life1 :i* h c]ta9ly occurr$ s9ce ! ,cambrian =mation2 & ! previ\s #adj millions ( ye>s c h>dly be consid]$ z suffici5t = ! developm5t ( ! v>i$ =ms ( life :i* already exi/$ dur+ ! ,cambrian p]iod4 ,x seems almo/ impossible = an ord9>y m9d to grasp ! magnitude ( ! figures1 ! span ( life be+ s %ort4 ,yet "s idea may be =m$ :5 we comp>e ! age ( ?is e>?'s cru/ =mation1 ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s t pass$ 9 ! evolution ( man1 & ! brief space ( "t t has elaps$ s9ce he has become enabl$ to give an acc\nt ( himself4 ,z reg>ds ! ?ickness ( ! e>?'s cru/1 ,pr(essor ,ramsey has giv5 ! maximum ?ickness1 f actual measurem5t 9 mo/ cases1 ( ! successive =mations 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,great ,brita92 & ?is is ! result3 ,! ,paleozoic /rata 7n includ+ igne\s b$71 #eg1aed feet4 ,second>y1 #ac1aij 11 ,t]ti>y1 #b1bdj 11 mak+ altoge!r #gb1ehd feet2 t is1 v ne>ly ?irte5 & ?ree-qu>t]s ,briti% miles4 ,b*n] 9 8 "w on ,=ce & ,matt] /ates3 ,! s-call$ coal =mation alone requir$1 accord+ to ,bis*(f1 #a1jjj1agg ye>s2 accord+ to ,*ev&i]'s calculation1 #fgb1ghh ye>s4 ,! ,t]ti>y /rata requir$ = _! developm5t ab\t #cej1jjj ye>s2 & be=e ! orig9ally inc&esc5t e>? c\ld cool d[n f a temp]ature ( #b1jjj degrees to #bjj1 !re mu/1 accord+ to ,bis*(f's calculation1 h elaps$ a p]iod ( #cej1jjj1jjj ye>s4 ,valg] calculates t ! "t requir$ = ! deposit ( ! /rata kn[n to u mu/ at lea/ h am\nt$ to #fdh1jjj1jjj ye>s4 ,i quote ^! figures simply to %[ h[ difficult x is1 & ! labor requir$1 to =m ev5 a proximate idea z to ! p]iod ( "t t mu/ h elaps$ = ! =mation ( ! v>i\s /rata kn[n4 ,t all animals 7 n creat$ at once is c]ta9 beyond all cavil & dispute4 ,! developm5t ( ! v>i\s =ms ( life 0 an exce$+ sl[ process1 & la/$ v _m ?\s& c5turies4 ,t ! e>?'s cru/ 0 n at c]ta9 /ages ( =mation 9 a fit condition ei!r to receive or to ma9ta9 ! high] types ( animal life1 is well kn[n4 ,& we "k t man's rema9s are f\nd only 9 ! upp]mo/ surface ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,max ,mll] says 9 8 ,te/imony ( ! ,rocks3 ,x 0 n until ! e>li] ages ( ! ,olite sy/em _h pass$ away1 t ! class ( ,reptiles receiv$ its fulle/ developm5t4 ,& c]ta9ly v wond]ful 0 ! developm5t :i* x did !n receive4 ,reptiles became ev]y:]e ! lords & ma/]s ( ! l[] _w4 ,:5 any class ( air-brea?+ v]tebrates is v l>gely develop$1 we f9d x tak+ possession ( all ?ree t]re/rial elem5ts--e>?1 air1 & wat]4 ,la/ ( all1 ! true plac5tal mammals appe>1 & ?us1 tri$ by ! te/ ( p]fect reproduction1 ! great v]tebral division receives its full developm5t4 ,agassiz's ,pr9ciples ( ,zoology says3 ,we di/+ui% f\r ages ( nature1 compreh5d+ ! great geological divisions1 namely3 #a4 ,! ,prim>y1 or ,paleozoic age1 compris+ ! l[] ,silurian1 ! upp] ,silurian1 & ! ,devonian4 ,dur+ ?is age !re 7 no air-brea?+ animals4 ,! fi%es 7 ma/]s ( creation4 ,we may !re=e call x ! ,reign ( ,fi%es4 #b4 ,! ,second>y age1 compris+ ! ,c>bonif]\s1 ! ,trias1 ! ,olite1 & ! ,cretace\s =mations4 ,?is is ! epo* 9 :i* air-brea?+ animals fir/ appe>4 ,! ,reptiles pr$om9at$ ov] ! o!r classes1 & we may !re=e call x ! ',reign ( ,reptiles4' #c4 ,! ,t]ti>y age1 compris+ ! ,t]ti>y =mation4 ,dur+ ?is age t]re/rial mammals ( great size ab\nd4 ,?is is ! ,reign ( ,mammals4 #d4 ,! ,mod]n age1 *>act]iz$ by ! appe>ance ( ! mo/ p]fect ( creat$ be+s4 ,! majority ( mank9d tr\ble !mselves b little :e!r progress is made 9 any "o ( ! bran*es ( sci5ce or n4 ,man has no "t to ?9k s]i\sly ( any?+ except to provide food = 8 family4 ,! prie/ does 8 ?9k+1 & he is made to contribute "p ( 8 labor to support ! holy man :o does ! ?9k+ = him4 ,all he kn[s is t 8 s\l or 8 _s1 8 h]eaft]1 & 8 ,god are well c>$ =1 & he pays = x4 ,yet e man ought to und]/& t all 8 rights1 civil & political--all ! fre$om he enjoys--he has to ?ank sci5ce = procur+ & secur+4 ,%all x be s]i\sly object$ to ! application ( ! sci5ces to philosophical problems t its results are n agreeable8 ,t ! tru? is n always agreeable1 nor always consolatory1 nor always religi\s1 nor always acceptable1 is z well kn[n z ! old exp]i5ce ( ! almo/ total abs5ce ( rew>d1 ei!r ext]nal or int]nal1 provid$ = its exempl>s4 ,:at ?is or t man may und]/& by a gov]n+ reason1 an absolute p[]1 a univ]sal s\l1 a p]sonal ,god 444 is 8 own affair4 ,! !ologians1 ) _! articles ( fai?1 mu/ be left to !mselves2 s ( ! naturali/s ) _! sci5ce2 !y bo? proce$ by diff]5t r\tes4444 ,! same bloody hatr$ ) :i* sci5ce 0 once p]secut$ by religi\s fanaticism w\ld revive n[1 & ) x ! ,inquisition & ,auto-da-f1 & all ! horrors ) :i* a ref9$ zealotism has tortur$ humanity w\ld be resort$ to1 to satisfy ! wi%es ( ! !ological cut?roats4 ,a man 9 advance ( 8 age beholds ! /ruggle ( ! cont5d+ p>ties f a high po9t ( view1 & sees 9 ! ecc5tricities ( ?is conte/ m]ely ! natural & necess>y expression ( ! oppos+ elem5ts :i* agitate our "t4 ,no "o c d\bt t tru? w f9ally em]ge ! victor4 ,x c]ta9ly w n be long be=e ! battle becomes g5]al4 ,is ! victory d\btful8 ,! /ruggle is unequal2 ! oppon5ts _c /& aga9/ ! tr5*ant arm ( physical & physiological ,mat]ialism1 :i* fights ) facts1 t ev]yone c compreh5d1 :ile ! oppon5ts fight ) suppositions & presumptions 7,b*n]74 ,sci5ce & fai? exclude ea* o!r 7,vir*[74 ,fools /ill cl+ to fai?2 wise m5 f9d ! tru? 9 sci5ce4 ,note4--,baily's ,hi/ory ( ,a/ronomy1 ,"p ,i1 page #ca1 #abd1 & ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #cc1 #ci1 ma9ta9s t ,india has exi/$ z a nation1 z ! records %[1 #d1cbj1jjj ye>s4 ,! ,indians divide ?is "t into f\r pr9cipal p]iods3 ,fir/ p]iod1 t ( innoc5ce or simplicity1 #a1gbh1jjj ye>s2 second p]iod1 #bgf1jjj2 ! ?ird p]iod1 #hfd1jjj2 & ! ages ( mis=tune ab\t #dbb1jjj--;,cali-yon-gan p]iod4 ,simil> /atem5ts are made by ,cic]o 7,de ,div9at1 ,i1 #ai71 conc]n+ ! ,*aldeans3 ,condemnemus1 inquam1 hos aut /ultiti aut vanitatis aut imprud5ti qui #dgj millia annorum ut ipsi dicunt monum5tis compreh5sa cont95t4 ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,! atmosph]e is ! gase\s envelope encircl+ ! e>?2 & x con/itutes ! ocean ( air at ! bottom ( :i* we live4 ,we become aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! air :5 we move rapidly & exp]i5ce ! resi/ance (f]$ to ! passage ( our bodies1 & also :5 ! air is set 9 motion1 giv+ rise to a w9d4 ,we notice ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e if we )draw ! air f b5ea? ! h& by a p[]ful air-pump1 = we !n f9d t ! h& is press$ d[n ) a =ce equal to #a4jcc kilos4 on a squ>e c5timet]1 or ne>ly #ae lbs4 on e squ>e in*4 ,! total atmosph]ic pressure :i* ! human body has to support h5ce am\nts to sev]al tons4 ,b ?is pressure is n felt "u ord9>y circum/ances1 because ! pressure ex]cis$ is ex]t$ equally 9 e direction4 ,! in/rum5t us$ = measur+ ! pressure ( ! air is t]m$ a b>omet]1 & ! av]age pressure at ! sea level is equal to t ex]t$ by a column ( m]cury #gfj mm4 high4 ,! air be+ ela/ic & hav+ weight1 x is cle> ! l[] lay]s ( air mu/ be m compress$ ?an ^? above !m1 & h5ce ! d5sity ( ! air mu/ v>y at ! diff]5t hights above ! sea level4 ,! d5sity ( ! air be+ ?us dep5d5t on ! pressure to :i* x is subject$1 ! high] /rata ( air become g5]ally r>efi$1 & x is h5ce difficult to say :]eab\ts ! air ceases1 b x appe>s t ! limit ( ! atmosph]e is ab\t #bjj to #cjj miles f ! level ( ! sea4 ,if ! :ole atmosph]e 7 ( ! same d5sity ?r\gh\t z x is at ! e>?'s surface1 x w\ld rea* only to a height ( a little m ?an five miles above ! sea level4 ,aque\s vapor is conta9$ 9 ! air 9 quantities v>y+ 9 diff]5t localities & at diff]5t times1 & dep5d+ ma9ly on ! temp]ature ( ! air4 ,air at a giv5 temp]ature _c conta9 m ?an a c]ta9 quantity ( moi/ure 9 solution2 & :5 x has tak5 up its maximum quantity1 x is said to be saturat$ ) aque\s moi/ure4 ,! high] ! temp]ature ( ! air ! m wat] c x reta9 z vapor2 & :5 air saturat$ ) moi/ure is cool$1 ! wat] is deposit$ 9 liquid =m 9 v small globules1 =m+ a mi/1 fog1 or cl\d4 ,?is is ! cause ( ! fall ( ra91 sn[1 & hail2 :5 w>m air heavily lad5 ) moi/ure f ! ocean passes into a high] & cold] position1 or meets ) a /ratum ( air ( l[] temp]ature1 x _c any long] reta9 s mu* aque\s vapor1 & a l>ge quantity assumes a liquid =m1 fall+ z ra9 :5 ! temp]ature is above ! freez+-po9t1 or cry/alliz+ z sn[flakes if ! temp]ature is bel[ t po9t4 ,hail is caus$ by ! congelation ( ra9drops 9 pass+ ?r\gh a /ratum ( air bel[ ! freez+-po9t4 ,! deposition ( dew is caus$ by ! rapid cool+ ( ! e>?'s surface by radiation aft] sunset1 & by ! consequ5t cool+ ( ! air ne> ! gr\nd bel[ ! temp]ature at :i* x beg9s to deposit moi/ure4 ,9 g5]al ! air conta9s f #ej to #gj p] c5t4 ( aque\s vapor ( ! quantities necess>y to saturate x4 ,if ! quantity be n )9 ^! limits ! air is ei!r unpleasantly dry or unpleasantly moi/4 ,! air conta9s1 besides ! gases ( oxyg5 & nitrog51 c>bonic acid1 ammonia1 accid5tal impurities1 & volatile organic matt]1 :i* latt] is ! mo/ important1 z x probably influ5ces to a great ext5t ! heal?fulness ( ! special situation4 ,we become aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( su* organic putresc5t sub/ances :5 ent]+ a cr[d$ room f ! fre% air2 & x is probable t ! well-kn[n unheal?9ess ( m>%y & o!r di/ricts is ow+ to ! pres5ce ( "s organic impurities4 ,we may h occasion to ref] to ?is :5 speak+ ( ! deluge1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,aspect4 ,by ! ^w *emi/ry we und]/& ! sci5ce :i* inve/igates ! composition ( all mat]ial sub/ances1 tak+ !m ap>t or sep>at+ !m1 by a *emical process1 & discov]s ! nature & prop]ties ( ! m9ute/ p>ticle4 ,^! small p>ticles h receiv$ ! "n1 elem5ts or elem5t>y sub/ances2 t t]m is appli$ 9 *emi/ry to ^? =ms ( matt] :i* h hi!rto resi/$ all attempt to decompose !m4 ,we "k t we h e>?1 air1 wat]1 & we h se5 9 ,*apt] ,,ii t ! e>?'s cru/ is made up ( _m sub/ances1 rocks1 coral reefs1 clay1 m>l1 feldsp>1 qu>tz1 lime/one1 granite1 etc41 etc4 ,^! sub/ances are compos$ ( small p>ticles1 or elem5ts1 & are call$ m9]als or inorganic sub/ances4 ,!re is ano!r class ( sub/ances1 call$ organic1 t are d]iv$ f liv+ ?+s or be+s4 ,^! are also tak5 ap>t or sep>at$ into _! elem5t>y sub/ances4 ,z plants or animals1 all su* elem5t>y sub/ances h receiv$ ! "n organic sub/ances because plants & animals h organs ( reproduction1 h5ce ! "n4 ,! tak+ ap>t ( any sub/ance into its con/itu5t elem5ts is call$ analysis by *emi/s4 ,! same elem5ts c also be put toge!r to produce v>i\s sub/ances2 t is t]m$ syn!sis4 ,*emi/s h adopt$ a "n = ea* ( ! elem5ts1 & ^! names are repres5t$ by symbols1 or lett]s4 ,comp\nd sub/ances may conta9 two or m elem5ts4 ,:5 ! composition ( a sub/ance is det]m9$ by splitt+ ! comp\nd into its elem5t>y con/itu5ts a *emical analysis ( t sub/ance is said to h be5 made2 & if ! proportions by weight 9 :i* ea* ( ! con/itu5ts is pres5t be det]m9$1 a quantitative analysis ( ! sub/ance has be5 made1 etc4 ,by *emical action1 we signify t :i* occurs :5 two or m sub/ances s act ^u "o ano!r z to produce a ?ird sub/ance diff]+ altoge!r f ! orig9al ones 9 prop]ties2 or :5 a sub/ance is br\ght "u su* conditions t x =ms two or m bodies diff]+ f ! orig9al "o 9 prop]ties4 ,*emi/ry is call$ an exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,9 inve/igat+ all ! mat]ials )9 8 rea*1 :e!r solid1 liquid1 or gase\s1 :e!r conta9$ 9 ! e>?1 sea1 or air2 :e!r belong+ to ! m9]al1 animal1 or vegetable creation1 ! *emi/ f9ds himself oblig$ to divide sub/ances into two classes3 7#a7 comp\nd sub/ances--^? :i* he is able to split up into two or m ess5tially diff]5t mat]ials2 7#b7 elem5ts or simple sub/ances--^? :i* he is unable ?us to split up1 & out ( :i* no?+ ess5tially diff]5t f ! orig9al sub/ances has be5 obta9$4 ,comp\nd bodies are made up ( two or m elem5t>y sub/ances *emically comb9$ ) ea* o!r2 ?us sulphur1 copp]1 lead1 are elem5t>y bodies2 out ( ea* ( ^! no?+ diff]5t f sulphur1 copp]1 lead1 c be obta9$2 :]eas :5 two ( ^! bodies are heat$ toge!r1 a comp\nd is =m$ f :i* bo? ( ! orig9al elem5t>y con/itu5ts c at any "t be obta9$4 ,wat] is a comp\nd body--x c be split up into two elem5t>y gases1 hydrog5 & oxyg52 common salt1 aga91 is a comp\nd ( a gas 7*lor9e7 ) a metal 7sodium72 & lime/one1 clay1 sug>1 & wax may s]ve z examples ( comp\nd bodies2 :il/ phosphorus1 *>coal1 iron1 m]cury1 & gold may be m5tion$ z belong+ to ! class ( simple sub/ances4 ,z to physical prop]ties ( gases--!y h weight1 volume1 diffusion1 d5sity1 etc4 ,!ologians insi/ t !re is a ,god1 a ,god t 0 fir/ introduc$ to u by a man ) ! "n ( ,abraham1 adv]tis$ by ,moses1 & has be5 palm$ (f ^u ! masses z a some?+ exce$+ly wond]ful4 ,a multitude ( m5 :o f9d x to _! int]e/ to advocate 8 pret5d$ claims1 are /ill do+ _! utmo/ to su/a9 _! ,god4 ,we are try+ to discov] :]e he is to be f\nd1 :e!r he is a local or a univ]sal ,god1 :at he is compos$ (1 :e!r he resides on e>? p]man5tly or transi5tly1 :e!r he controls ! entire sol> sy/em or m sy/ems1 :e!r he occasionally takes a trip to o!r planets2 & if he has creat$ ev]y?+ we want to f9d out h[ he has creat$ x4 ,= t reason we h to se>*1 tak+ a glimpse among ! />s1 9 ! e>?1 atmosph]e1 etc4 ,s9ce geology does n respond favorably1 we are try+ to discov] :at ?is e>? is compos$ (4 ,! elem5t>y bodies at pres5t recogniz$ am\nt to sixty-f\r 9 numb]4 ,( ^! ab\t fifty belong to ! class call$ metals4 ,sev]al ( !m are ( rec5t discov]y1 & z yet v imp]fectly kn[n4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 metals & c]ta9 non-metallic sub/ances or metalloids1 al?\gh v conv5i5t = purposes ( description1 is entirely arbitr>y1 s9ce ! classes graduate into ea* o!r 9 ! mo/ indef9ite mann]4 ,! foll[+ is a complete li/ ( ! elem5t>y sub/ances kn[n1 giv+ _! names1 symbols1 & comb9+ weight3 ,symbols4 ,,metalloids4 ,comb9+ ,weight4 ,elem5ts ( life3 ( prim>y importance4 ,o ,oxyg5 #a ,,ii #af ,h ,hydrog5 ,i #a ,n ,nitrog5 ,v #ad ,c ,c>bon ,,iv #ab ,elem5ts ( second>y importance4 ,cl ,*lor9e ,i #ce4e ,br ,brom9e ,i #hj ,i ,iod9e ,i #abg ,f ,fluor9e ,i #bi ,p ,phosphorus ,v #ca ,s ,sulphur ,,vi #cb ,si ,silicon ,,iv #bh ,b ,boron ,,iii #aa ,se ,sel5ium ,,vi #gi4e ,te ,tellurium ,,vi #agi ,me*anics1 arts1 sci5ce1 & m$ic9e4 ,al ,alum9ium ,,iv #bg4d ,ca ,calcium ,,ii #dj 7,cuprum7 ,cu ,copp] ,,ii #fc4e 7,f]rum7 ,fe ,iron ,,iv #ef 7,plumbum7 ,pb ,lead ,,iv #bjg ,mn ,manganese ,,iv #ee 7,hydr>gyrum7 ,hg ,m]cury ,,ii #bjj 7,kalium7 ,k ,potassium ,i #ci4a 7,arg5tum7 ,ag ,silv] ,i #ajh 7,natrium7 ,na ,sodium ,i #bc 7,/annum7 ,sn ,t9 ,,iv #aah ,zn ,z9c ,,ii #fe4c 7,/ibium7 ,sb ,antimony ,v #abb ,z ,ars5ic ,v #ge ,ba ,b>ium ,,ii #acg ,bi ,bismu? ,v #baj ,cr ,*romium ,,vi #eb4b ,co ,cobalt ,,iv #eh4g 7,aurum7 ,au ,gold ,,iii #aig ,9 ,indium ,,iv #gd ,mg ,magnesium ,,ii #bd ,ni ,nickel ,,iv #eh4g ,pd #b ,palladium ,,iv #ajf4f ,pt ,plat9um ,,iv #aig4e ,sr ,/rontium ,,ii #hg4e ,ti ,titanium ,,iv #ej ,w ,tung/5 ,,vi #ahd ,u ,uranium ,,iv #abj ,little kn[n1 r>ely us$4 ,be ,b]yllium ,,ii #i4c ,cd ,cadmium ,,ii #aab ,cs ,csium ,i #acc ,cr ,c]ium ,,iv #ib ,d ,didymium ,,ii #ie ,e ,erbium ,,ii #aab4f ,ir ,iridium ,,iv #aih ,la ,lan?anum ,,ii #ib ,li #c ,li?ium ,i #g ,mo ,molybd5um ,,vi #if ,nb ,niobium ,v #id ,os ,osmium ,,iv #aii4b ,rh ,rhodium ,,iv #ajd4d ,rb ,rubidium ,i #he4d ,ru ,ru!nium ,,iv #ajd4d ,ta ,tantalum ,v #ahb ,tb ,t]bium ,tl ,?allium ,,iii #bjd ,? ,?orium ,,ii #bca4e ,v ,vanadium ,v #ea4c ,y ,yttrium ,,ii #fa ,zr ,zirconium ,,iii #hi4f ,all matt] is made up ( v small p>ticles :i* are *emically indivisible & :i* are t]m$ atoms1 & ! atom ( ea* elem5t>y sub/ance diff]s ess5tially f t ( e o!r4 ,all ! atoms ( ea* elem5t are alike1 & *emical comp\nds are =m$ by ! comb9ation ( unlike atoms4 ,h5ce ! smalle/ p>ticle ( a comp\nd consi/s ( a gr\p ( atoms4 ,?is gr\p1 :i* c be divid$ by *emical b n by me*anical means1 is t]m$ a molecule4 ,! smalle/ p>ticle ( an elem5t 9 a free /ate is1 h[ev]1 n a s+le atom1 b a gr\p ( atoms me*anically indivisible1 or a molecule4 ,?is expla9s :y elem5t>y bodies act m en]getically & ent] m readily into comb9ation at ! mom5t ( _! lib]ation f a comb9ation ?an :5 9 ! free /ate4 ,:5 *emical *anges occur1 x is ! molecules :i* react ^u "o ano!r1 & ! *ange consi/s 9 ! *ange ( position ( c]ta9 atoms conta9$ 9 ! gr\ps4 ,:5 an elem5t is set free f a comp\nd1 ! lib]at$ jo9 toge!r to =m molecules1 unless "s body is pres5t ) :i* ! elem5t c comb9e4 ,by an atom we !re=e und]/& ! smalle/ portion ( a *emical elem5t :i* c ent] into a *emical comp\nd2 by a molecule1 ! smalle/ portion ( a simple comp\nd body :i* c occur 9 ! free /ate or :i* c take "p 9 a *emical action4 ,all ! elem5ts1 ) ! s+le exception ( fluor9e1 comb9e ) oxyg5 to =m oxides4 ,9 ?is act ( comb9ation1 :i* is t]m$ oxidation1 heat is always1 & light is frequ5tly1 giv5 (f4 ,:5 bodies unite ) oxyg51 evolv+ light & heat1 !y are said to burn1 or und]go combu/ion4 ,all bodies :i* burn 9 ! air burn ) increas$ brilliancy 9 oxyg5 gas2 & _m sub/ances1 su* z iron1 :i* d n readily burn 9 ! air1 may be made to d s 9 oxyg54 ,oxyg5 is a colorless invisible gas1 possess+ nei!r ta/e nor smell4 ,hydrog5 is a colorless invisible gas1 possess+ nei!r ta/e nor smell4 ,x is ! lighte/ gas kn[n1 be+ #ad4dg times light] ?an air4 ,x comb9es ) oxyg5 to =m wat]4 ,nitrog5 is a colorless1 ta/eless1 inodor\s gas1 slightly light] ?an air4 ,x does n comb9e readily ) bodies1 & x is a v in]t sub/ance1 nei!r support+ combu/ion or animal life1 nor burn+ itself4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 no poison\s qualities1 & animals plung$ into a j> ( ?is gas die simply ( suffocation f want ( oxyg54 ,nitrog5 exi/s 9 a free /ate 9 ! air1 ( :i* x con/itutes f\r-fif?s by bulk4 ,x occurs comb9$ 9 ! bodies ( plants & animals1 & 9 v>i\s *emical comp\nds1 su* z nitre1 :5ce ! gas d]ives its "n4 ,c>bon is a solid elem5t2 x is n kn[n 9 ! free /ate1 ei!r z a liquid or z a gas4 ,c>bon is rem>kable z exi/+ 9 ?ree di/9ct =ms1 :i* 9 outw>d appe>ance or physical prop]ties h no?+ 9 common1 :il/ _! *emical relations are id5tical4 ,^! ?ree allotropic =ms ( c>bon are 7#a7 diamond1 7#b7 graphite or plumbago1 7#c7 *>coal4 ,^! sub/ances diff] 9 h>dness1 color1 specific gravity1 etc41 b !y ea* yield on combu/ion 9 ! air or oxyg5 ! same weight ( ! same sub/ance1 c>bonic acid or c>bon dioxide4 ,c>bon is ! elem5t :i* is especially *>act]i/ic ( animal & vegetable life1 z e organiz$ /ructure1 f ! simple/ to ! mo/ complicat$1 conta9s c>bon4 ,if c>bon 7 n pres5t on ! e>?1 no s+le vegetable or animal body su* z we "k c\ld exi/4 ,9 addition to ! c>bon :i* is f\nd free 9 ^! ?ree =ms1 & conta9$ comb9$ ) hydrog5 & oxyg5 9 ! bodies ( plants & animals1 x exi/s comb9$ ) oxyg5 z free c>bon dioxide 9 ! air1 & ) calcium & oxyg5 z calcium c>bonate 9 lime/one1 *alk1 m>ble1 corals1 %ells1 etc4 ,plants are able :5 expos$ to sunlight to decompose ! c>bon dioxide 9 ! air1 lib]at+ ! oxyg51 & tak+ ! c>bon = ! =mation ( _! vegetable /ructure1 :il/ all animals1 liv+ directly or indirectly ^u vegetables1 absorb oxyg51 & evolve c>bon dioxide4 ,?us ! sun's rays1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( plants1 effect deoxidation1 or r$uction1 :il/ animals act z oxidiz+ ag5ts ) respect to c>bon4 ,oxyg51 ,hydrog51 ,nitrog51 ,c>bon--^! are ! life-giv+ elem5ts4 ,!y are ! life-produc+ & life-su/a9+ elem5ts4 ,nei!r animal nor vegetable life c exi/ )\t !m4 ,! entire activity ( nature dep5ds ^u !m4 ,e organic sub/ance conta9s !m4 ,no organic sub/ance c exi/ )\t !m4 ,! pr9ciple ( life is due to !m4 ,f a blade ( grass to an insect1 f an insect to an animal1 includ+ man1 "o _c em]ge into life )\t ^! elem5ts4 ,! bir?1 gr[?1 & developm5t ( plant & animal dep5d ^u !m1 ! su/5ance & nurture4 ,all our food-sub/ances are almo/ :olly made up ( ^! elem5ts4 ,no =ce1 p[]1 or en]gy c be produc$ )\t _! pres5ce4 ,our muscul> /r5g?1 our n]v\s =ce1 our v ?\ghts1 our imag9ation1 z well z dige/ion1 respiration1 circulation ( ! blood1 dep5d on ^! elem5ts4 ,our s5sations1 our pleasures1 our pa9s1 dep5d ^u !m4 ,all ! excitem5t & depression 9 life are dep5d5t on !m4 ,! beauties ( vegetation1 all ! v>i\s %ades & colors ( fl[] & blossom1 ! t9ts & odors1 are dep5d5t on !m4 ,no ph5om5on 9 nature1 no matt] h[ t]rible1 delightful1 or en*ant+1 c be manife/$ )\t ^! elem5ts4 ,no e>?quake1 ?und]1 /orm1 lightn+1 w9d1 hail1 ra91 sn[1 or ice c\ld exi/ )\t !m4 ,no light1 heat1 or motion--9 fact1 none ( ! physical =ces1 c\ld be evolv$ )\t !m4 ,our atmosph]e1 ocean1 seas1 riv]s1 =e/s1 are compos$ ( !m4 ,no art1 sci5ce1 me*anics1 ar*itecture1 nor inde$ any?+ t we n[ enjoy1 c\ld exi/ )\t !m4 ,gunp[d]1 dynamite1 electricity1 & all else are dep5d5t on ^! elem5ts4 ,:y attempt to enum]ate ! extraord9>y roles !y play on e>? & 9 ! univ]se8 ,e plant w\ld )]1 e life w\ld p]i%1 )\t ,oxyg52 ?is elem5t may be truly call$ ! brea? ( life4 ,! creation ( ,god is dep5d5t on ^! elem5ts1 because 7 x n = man ,god w\ld nev] h be54 ,! ark1 made ( wood1 0 compos$ ( !m4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/1 & ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 z %e is call$1 z well z all ! sa9ts1 7 & are compos$ ( ,oxyg51 ,c>bon1 ,nitrog51 ,hydrog51 etc4 ,we "k t ^! *emical elem5ts ent] into ! composition ( all ?+s 9 nature--m9]al1 vegetable1 animal4 ,we also may be absolutely c]ta9 t no m elem5ts exi/ n[1 at ?is pres5t "t1 ?an exi/$ t51 tw5ty1 or "o ?\s& million ( ye>s ago4 ,*emical elem5t>y sub/ances h no great] relative weight t[>ds "o ano!r1 nor a great] volume1 at ?is pres5t "t ?an !y _h at any "t s9ce ! exi/5ce ( ?is e>?4 ,! total weight ( all elem5ts t ent] into ! =mation ( ?is t]re/rial globe has nev] v>i$1 :e!r !y 7 9 solid1 fluid1 or gase\s /ate4 ,! law ( gravitation has always exi/$4 ,elem5ts t ent] into ! =mation ( organic be+s1 vegetable or animal1 mu/ 9 due "t und]go decomposition & return to ! same elem5ts ( :i* !y 7 compos$4 ,! *emical action has always be5 ! same4 ,all sub/ances are subject to *emical action :5 expos$ to ! prim>y elem5ts1 oxyg5 & hydrog5 especially4 ,an elem5t c nev] be annihilat$4 ,x may n be out ( place to m5tion "s ( ! sub/ances 9 daily use4 ,= example1 wat] is compos$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog54 ,air is compos$ ( oxyg5 & nitrog54 ,bread1 ( />*1 sug>s--oxyg51 hydrog5 & c>bon4 ,meats1 ( oxyg51 hydrog51 c>bon1 & nitrog51 etc4 ,salt1 ( sodium & *lor9e4 ,vegetables1 fruits1 etc41 ( oxyg51 c>bon1 & hydrog54 ,fats1 ( oil4 alcohols1 ( oxyg51 c>bon1 & hydrog54 ,! tissues ( ! animal body are compos$ ( oxyg51 hydrog51 c>bon1 & nitrog54 ,! comb9ation ( five elem5ts produces electricity1 ?us3 ,z9c 7,zn7 copp] 7,cu7 sulphuric acid1 :i* consi/s ( hydrog5 7,h#b71 sulphur 7,s71 & oxyg5 7,o#d71 electricity4 ,a few examples 9 ! *anges ( ! comb9ation ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 are %[n 9 wat]4 ,"u conditions ( heat & cold x becomes ice1 /eam1 dew1 ra91 hail1 sn[1 cl\ds1 etc41 etc4 ,^! ph5om5a are kn[n4 ,we m]ely m5tion ^! facts to %[ h[ mu* has be5 discov]$ by human skill1 b ( h[ mu* m rema9s to be discov]$ we c n =m ! slighte/ notion4 ,all t has be5 done 9 ! field ( sci5ce has be5 ( actual b5efit to humanity4 ,= ! discov]ies are bas$ on fact & tru?4 ,!y are u%]$ into ?is _w to alleviate & to light5 ! /ruggle & ! burd5 ( m54 ,!y come )\t oppression1 )\t crime1 )\t blood%$4 ,!y come z ! great b5efactors ( mank9d4 ,m5 w\ld be mu* bett] (f to-day if !y receiv$ = _! ,sunday lessons in/ruction 9 ! natural1 in/ead ( wa/+ _! preci\s "t 9 repeat+ ! silly twaddle ( sup]natural extravagance1 t t5ds to /upefy in/ead ( cle>+ up ! und]/&+4 ,sci5tific rese>* has advanc$ s f>1 t n only are we able to "k1 f ! discov]ies made1 ! elem5t>y composition ( ?is e>?1 & all t belongs !reto1 b o!r f> m difficult problems h be5 p>tially solv$4 ,t is1 ) ! aid ( newly discov]$ in/rum5ts1 we c asc]ta91 to a consid]able ext5t1 ! elem5t>y composition ( ! sun1 />s1 & di/ant planets4 ,9 #ahjb ,dr4 ,wolla/on1 & lat] ,fraunh(]1 discov]$ & p]fect$ an in/rum5t call$ ! spectroscope4 ,x consi/s ( a prism1 fix$ ^u an iron /&1 & a tube c>ry+ a slit4 ,:5 light passes ?r\gh a slit x imp+es ^u a fl9t glass prism1 by :i* x is disp]s$4 ,! light ( burn+ metals has be5 te/$ 9 t mann]4 ,?us :5 any light passes ?r\gh ! slit ( a spectroscope1 ! sub/ance giv+ ! light may be det]m9$1 ! elem5ts burn+ asc]ta9$4 ,if ! sol> spectrum be exam9$--! light ( ! sun's rays--num]\s d>k l9es p>allel ) ! edge ( ! prism are obs]v$1 & reveal a numb] ( colors giv+ ! foll[+3 r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 violet4 ,^! are int]sect$ by f9e black l9es ( diff]5t degrees ( bread? & %ade1 :i* are always pres5t1 & always occupy ! same relative position 9 ! sol> spectrum4 ,^! are call$ ,fraunh(]'s l9es4 ,by ! means ( ?is in/rum5t1 ! spectra ( ! sun1 planets1 & moon h be5 analyz$1 & ! color & position1 ! k9d ( metals ^! di/ant bodies are compos$ (4 ,! sun's atmosph]e1 f exp]im5ts made1 is kn[n to conta9 metals1 su* z soda1 iron1 etc41 9 ! condition ( gl[+ gas1 ! :ite light proce$+ f ! solid or liquid /rongly heat$ mass ( ! sun :i* lies 9 ! int]ior4 ,! metals hi!rto detect$ 9 ! sun's atmosph]e are ab\t fifte5 or m--iron1 sodium1 /rontium1 cadmium1 magnesium1 calcium1 *romium1 nickel1 b>ium1 z9c1 cobalt1 manganese1 alum9ium1 titanium1 hydrog51 etc4 ,s delicate is ?is in/rum5t t #a_/ahjjjjjjj "p ( a gra9 ( sodium c be detect$1 & a portion ( li?ium weigh+ #a_/fjjjjjj "p ( a gra9 has be5 detect$2 ?us %[+ t !re exi/s a v /rong probability t ! sun1 planets1 & moons are compos$ ( simil>1 if n ! same1 elem5ts t ?is e>? is compos$ (4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,sun4 ,! ,colossus1 or braz5 /atue ( ! ,sun1 0 plac$ across ! m\? ( ! h>bor ( ,rhodes1 its legs /ret*$ to su* a di/ance t a l>ge %ip "u sail might easily pass betwe5 !m4 ,x 0 sev5ty cubits high1 or a hundr$ ,engli% feet2 its f+]s 7 z long z ord9>y /atues1 & few m5 ) bo? arms c\ld grasp "o ( its ?umbs4 ,sc>cely sixty ye>s _h elaps$ be=e ?is "w ( art 0 ?r[n d[n by an e>?quake1 :i* broke x (f at ! knees1 9 :i* position x rema9$ till ! conque/ ( ,rhodes by ! ,s>ac5s 7,a4,d4 #fhd71 :5 x 0 beat5 to pieces & sold to a ,jew m]*ant1 :o load$ n9e hundr$ camels ) its spoils4 ,anaxagoras 7#ejj ,b4,c47 taught t !re 0 b "o god1 & t ! sun 0 only a fi]y globe & %\ld n be wor%ip$4 ,he attempt$ to expla9 eclipses & o!r cele/ial ph5om5a by natural causes1 say+ t !re is no su* ?+ z *ances1 ^! be+ only names = unkn[n laws4 ,= ?is audacity & impiety1 z 8 c\ntrym5 consid]$ x1 he & 8 family 7 doom$ to p]petual bani%m5t4 ,man1 said ,protagoras ( ,abra 7#dcj ,b4,c471 is ! measure ( all ?+s4444 ,( ! ,gods ,i "k no?+1 nei!r :e!r !y be nor :e!r !y be n2 = !re is mu* t /&s 9 ! way ( k1 z well ! obscurity ( ! matt] z ! %ortness ( human life4 ,/4 ,john beg9s 8 writ+s3 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ^w1 & ! ^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ^w 0 ,god4 ,b ,john1 l _m o!rs ( 8 "t1 knew no?+ m ?an ! use ( words to make riddles1 :i* he himself c\ld n see ?r\gh & no "o else c\ld und]/&4 ,! man or m5 :o fir/ compos$ t "p ( scripture t in=ms u h[ ! sun & e>? 7 creat$1 c]ta9ly knew no?+ ab\t x1 because all t is at pres5t kn[n is ( comp>atively rec5t date4 ,= _m c5turies1 ! e/abli%$ religion1 ! *ur*1 & ! repres5tatives ( ! !o-,*ri/ian organization1 did all 9 _! p[] to prev5t light f p5etrat+ _! hidd5 b5ight$ do+s4 ,!y look$ ^u !mselves z be+ all 9 all1 kn[+ all 9 all--z hav+ _h ev]y?+ wor? kn[+ reveal$ to !m by an ag5cy no "o else _h access to4 ,! ideas ( _! my/]i\s do+s1 ( _! my/]i\s ,gods1 are hidd5 f view 9 deep obscurity--l ! temple ( ! ,egyptian ,isis1 t bore ! inscription3 ,i am all t is1 t 01 & t w be1 & no mortal has lift$ my veil4 ,! anci5t writ]s ( ! scripture 7 full ( deep1 my/]i\s ways1 & _! writ+s ( hidd5 mean+s4 ,ord9>y mortals 7 prohibit$ f mak+ inquiry because ! subject 0 consid]$ too my/]i\s1 & mu* too sacr$4 ,s9ce !n1 _m my/]ies h be5 dissolv$1 or h be5 analyz$ by ! crucial te/ ( sci5ce1 & x has be5 discov]$ t !re is no?+ hidd5 except :at our ignorance prev5ts u f kn[+4 ,we h lift$ ! sacr$ veil & look$ into ! temple ( nature1 z %e is1 & n z %e appe>s4 ,! m we se>*1 ! m we discov]1 ! ne>] we get to ! tru?4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ reason :y e man1 woman1 & *ild at prop] age %\ld n be in/ruct$ 9 matt]s :]e9 !y are imm$iately int]e/$1 ! k :]e( w\ld und\bt$ly be to _! b5efit4 ,m5 h liv$ ?r\gh c5turies ( fable1 ages ( fiction1 long p]iods ( my?4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,god is z mu* ( a my? z any my? t ev] exi/$4 ,humanity hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ^! v>i\s m5tal afflictions1 gone ?r\gh s _m bloody surgical op]ations1 we are1 z x 71 approa*+ a condition t w soon be decl>$ z convalesc5t1 & ?is mo/ mis]able ( !ological nurses may at n a v remote p]iod be dismiss$4 ,we c say1 )\t ! slighte/ consci5ti\s scruple1 or fe> ( contradiction1 ) reason to su/a9 u & ! light ( sci5ce to prove ! tru?1 t ,!re is no ,god4 ,!re nev] 0--except su* a "o z m5 h inv5t$1 held sacr$1 & wor%ip$4 ,!re is no?+ sacr$ except :at man makes sacr$1 no?+ holy except :at man makes holy1 no?+ div9e except :at man makes div9e4 ,he makes 8 own ,god1 & he religi\sly1 pi\sly1 dev\tly prays to & wor%ips x4 ,! m regul>ly he does s1 ! m sa9tly he becomes1 or e/eems himself4 ,= _m ?\s& ye>s ! ,sun 0 wor%ip$1 held sacr$1 sacrific$ to1 entempl$1 etc4 ,z reason & und]/&+ increas$1 !y =sook him z a god1 dismiss$ him z !y _h dismiss$ _m gods be=e him4 ,yet ! sun 0 by f> _! greate/ b5efactor & be/ fri5d--m ?an !y 7 aw>e (4 ,! sun is #ic1jjj1jjj miles f ! e>?4 ,suppos+ a railway c\ld be built to ! sun1 an express tra9 travel+ day & night1 at ! rate ( ?irty miles an h\r1 w\ld require #ceb ye>s to rea* its de/9ation4 ,! light ( ! sun is equal to #e1efc wax c&les held at a di/ance ( "o foot f ! eye4 ,! heat ( ! sun t we receive annually is suffici5t to melt a lay] ( ice #ahj feet ?ick1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,yet ! sunbeam is only #a_/cjjjjj "p z int5se z x is at ! surface ( ! sun4 ,moreov]1 ! heat & light /ream (f into space equally 9 e direction4 ,( ?is va/ flood1 b "o tw5ty-?ree-hundr$-million? "p rea*es ! e>?4 ,! diamet] ( ! sun is ab\t #hfj1jjj miles4 ,its volume is #a1cjj1jjj times t ( ! e>?1 i4e41 x w\ld take #a1cjj1jjj e>?s to make a globe ! size ( ! sun4 ,its mass is #gej times t ( all ! planets & moons 9 ! sol> sy/em1 & #cjj1jjj times t ( ! e>?4 ,its weight may be express$ 9 tons ?us3 #a1iaj1bgh1jgj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,! d5sity ( ! sun is only ab\t "o-f\r? t ( ! e>?1 or #a4da t ( wat]1 s t ! weight ( a body transf]r$ f ! e>? to ! sun w\ld n be increas$ 9 proportion to ! comp>ative size ( ! sun4 ,! sun rotates on 8 axis1 l a :eel1 once 9 ab\t #be days4 ,our a/ronom]s tell u t ! sol> heat is gradually dim9i%+4 ,9 "t ! sun w cease to %9e1 z ! e>? did long s9ce4 ,newcomb says t 9 #e1jjj1jjj ye>s1 at ! pres5t rate1 ! sun w h %runk to half its pres5t size1 & t x _c su/a9 life on ! e>? m ?an #aj1jjj1jjj ye>s long]4 ,( ?is we may be assur$1 !re is en\gh heat to support life on our globe = millions ( ye>s to come4 ,! sun consi/s ( a c5tral orb1 liquid or solid1 ( exce$+ brightness1 :i* ( itself w\ld give a cont9u\s spectrum1 or 9 o!r words :i* emits all k9ds ( light4 ,! sunlight is decompos$ by means ( ! spectroscope1 already allud$ to1 9 ord] to discov] ! k9d ( elem5ts x is compos$ (4 ,!re=e ,tyndall says3 ,i ?9k we n[ possess k suffici5t to raise u to ! level ( "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable g5]alizations ( our age4 ,x has long be5 suppos$ t ! sun & planets h _h a common orig9 & t h5ce ! same sub/ances are m or less common to !m all4 ,c we detect ! pres5ce ( any ( our t]re/rial sub/ances 9 ! sun8444 ,i h said t ! bright b&s ( a metal are *>act]i/ic ( ! metal2 t we c )\t see+ ! metal decl>e its "n f ! inspection ( ! b&s4 ,! b&s are1 s to speak1 ! voice ( ! metal decl>+ its pres5ce4 ,pr(essor ,kir*h(f f9ds iron1 calcium1 magnesium1 sodium1 *romium1 etc41 9 ! sunlight spectrum4 ,we "k also ! total am\nt ( sol> heat receiv$ by ! e>? 9 a ye>1 & we c calculate ! entire quantity ( heat emitt$ by ! sun 9 a ye>4 ,conceive a holl[ sph]e to surr\nd ! sun1 its c5t] ! sun's c5t]1 & its surface at ! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun4 ,! section ( ! e>? cut by ?is surface is to ! :ole area ( ! holl[ sph]e z #a to #b1cjj1jjj1jjj2 h5ce ! quantity ( sol> heat int]cept$ by ! e>? is only #a_/bcjjjjjjjj ( ! total radiation4 ,! heat emitt$ by ! sun1 if us$ to melt a /ratum ( ice appli$ to ! sun's surface w\ld liquefy ! ice at ! rate ( #b1djj feet an h\r4 ,x w\ld boil p] h\r #gjj1jjj millions ( cubic miles ( ice-cold wat]4 ,express$ 9 ano!r =m1 ! heat giv5 out by ! sun p] h\r is equal to t :i* w\ld be g5]at$ by ! combu/ion ( a lay] ( solid coal #aj feet ?ick entirely surr\nd+ ! sun2 h5ce ! heat emitt$ 9 a ye> is equal to t :i* w\ld be produc$ by ! combu/ion ( a lay] ( coal #ag miles 9 ?ickness4 ,^! are ! results ( actual measurem5ts2 & %\ld great] accuracy be conf]r$ on !m by future det]m9ations1 x w n deprive !m ( _! a/oni%+ "*4 ,& ?is exp5diture has be5 go+ on = ages1 )\t our be+ able1 9 hi/oric times1 to detect ! loss4 ,:5 ! toll+ ( a bell is he>d at a di/ance1 ! s\nd ( ea* /roke soon s9ks1 ! sonor\s vibrations are quickly wa/$1 & r5ew$ /rokes are necess>y to ma9ta9 ! s\nd4 ,l ! bell1 ,die ,sonne tnt na* alt] weise4 ,b h[ is its tone su/a9$8 ,h[ is ! p]5nial loss made good8 ,we are apt to ov]look ! wond]ful 9 ! common4 ,possibly to _m ( u--& to "s ( ! mo/ enlight5$ among u--! sun appe>s z a fire diff]+ f our t]re/rial fires only 9 ! magnitude & ! int5sity ( its combu/ion4 ,b :at is ! burn+ matt] :i* c ?us ma9ta9 itself8 ,all t we "k ( cosmical ph5om5a decl>es our bro!rhood ) ! sun--affirms t ! same con/itu5ts ent] into ! composition ( 8 mass z ^? already kn[n to *emi/ry4 ,b no e>?ly sub/ance ) :i* we are acqua9t$--no sub/ance :i* ! fall ( meteors has l&$ on ! e>?--w\ld be at all compet5t to ma9ta9 ! sun's combu/ion4 ,! *emical en]gy ( su* sub/ances w\ld be too weak1 & _! dissipation w\ld be too spe$y4 ,7 ! sun a solid block ( coal1 & 7 x all[$ a suffici5t supply ( oxyg5 to enable x to burn at ! rate necess>y to produce ! obs]v$ emissions1 x w\ld be utt]ly consum$ 9 #e1jjj ye>s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to imag9e x a body orig9ally end[$ ) a /ore ( heat--a hot globe n[ cool+--necessitates ! ascription to x ( qualities :olly diff]5t f ^? possess$ by t]re/rial matt]4 ,if we knew ! specific heat ( ! sun1 we c\ld calculate its rate ( cool+4 ,assum+ ?is to be ! same z t ( wat]--! t]re/rial sub/ance :i* possesses ! highe/ specific heat--at its pres5t rate ( emission1 ! entire mass ( ! sun w\ld cool d[n #ae1jjj ,faht4 9 #e1jjj ye>s4 ,9 %ort1 if ! sun be =m$ ( matt] l our own1 "s means mu/ exi/ ( re/or+ to him 8 wa/$ p[]4 ,! facts are s extraord9>y1 t ! sob]e/ hypo!sis reg>d+ !m mu/ appe> wild4 ,! sun we "k rotates ^u 8 axis2 he turns l a :eel once 9 #be days3 c x be ! friction ( ! p]iph]y ( ?is :eel aga9/ some?+ 9 surr\nd+ space :i* produces ! light & heat8 ,su* a notion has be5 ent]ta9$4 ,b :at =ms ! brake1 & by :at ag5cy is x held1 :ile x rubs aga9/ ! sun8 ,! action is inconceivable2 b1 grant+ ! exi/5ce ( ! brake1 we c calculate ! total am\nt ( heat :i* ! sun c\ld g5]ate by su* friction4 ,we "k 8 mass1 we "k 8 "t ( rotation2 we "k ! me*anical equival5t ( heat2 & f ^! data we d$uce1 ) c]ta9ty1 t ! entire =ce ( rotation1 if conv]t$ into heat1 w\ld cov] m ?an "o1 b less ?an two1 c5turies ( emission4 ,!re is no hypo!sis involv$ 9 ?is calculation4 ,!re is ano!r !ory1 :i*1 h[ev] bold x may at fir/ sight appe>1 des]ves our e>ne/ att5tion4 ,i h already ref]r$ to x z ! meteoric !ory ( ! sun's heat4 ,sol> space is peopl$ ) pond]able objects4 ,kepl]'s celebrat$ /atem5t t '!re are m comets 9 ! heav5s ?an fi% 9 ! ocean' ref]s to ! fact t a small portion only ( ! total numb] ( comets belong to our sy/em1 & are se5 f ! e>?4 ,b besides comets1 & planets1 & moons1 a num]\s class ( bodies belong to our sy/em--a/]oids1 :i* f _! smallness might be reg>d$ z cosmical atoms4 ,l ! planets & ! comets ^! small] bodies obey ! law ( gravity1 & revolve 9 elliptic orbits ar\nd ! sun2 & x is !y1 :5 !y come )9 ! e>?'s atmosph]e1 t1 fir$ by friction1 appe> to u z meteors & fall+ />s4 ,on a bright night tw5ty m9utes r>ely pass at any "p ( ! e>?'s surface )\t ! appe>ance ( at lea/ "o meteor4 ,at c]ta9 times 7! #ab? ( ,augu/ & ! #ad? ( ,novemb]71 !y appe> 9 enorm\s numb]s4 ,dur+ n9e h\rs ( obs]vation 9 ,bo/on1 :5 !y 7 describ$ z fall+ z ?ick z sn[flakes1 #bdj1jjj meteors 7 calculat$ to h be5 obs]v$4 ,! numb] fall+ 9 a ye> might p]haps be e/imat$ at hundr$s or ?\s&s ( millions1 & ev5 ^! w\ld con/itute b a small portion ( ! total cr[d ( a/]oids t circulate r\nd ! sun4 ,f ! ph5om5a ( light & heat1 & by ! direct obs]vation ( ,encke1 on 8 comet1 we le>n t ! univ]se is fill$ ) a resi/+ m$ium1 ?r\gh ! friction ( :i* all ! masses ( our sy/em are drawn gradually t[>d ! sun4 ,& ?\gh ! l>g] planets %[1 9 hi/oric times1 no dim9ution ( _! p]iods ( revolution1 ?is may n hold good = ! small] bodies4 ,9 ! "t requir$ = ! mean di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun to alt] a s+le y>d1 a small a/]oid may h approa*$ ?\s&s ( miles ne>] to our lum9>y4 ,foll[+ up ^! reflections we %\ld inf] t :ile ?is immeasurable /ream ( pond]able matt] rolls unceas+ly t[>ds ! sun1 x mu/ augm5t 9 d5sity z x approa*es ! c5t] ( conv]g5ce4 ,& "h ! conjecture naturally rises t t weak nebul\s light1 ( va/ dim5sions1 :i* embraces ! sun--! ,zodiacal light--may owe its exi/5ce to ^! cr[d$ meteors4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is at lea/ prov$ t ! lum9\s ph5om5on arises f matt] :i* circulates 9 ob$i5ce to planet>y laws2 ! entire mass con/itut+ ! ,zodiacal light mu/ be con/antly approa*+1 & incessantly ra9+ its sub/ance d[n ^u1 ! sun4 ,we obs]ve ! fall ( an apple & inve/igate ! law :i* rules its motion4 ,9 ! place ( ! e>? we set ! sun1 & 9 place ( ! apple we set ! e>?1 & ?us possess ourselves ( ! key to ! me*anics ( ! heav5s4 ,we n[ "k ! connection betwe5 hight ( fall1 velocity1 & heat at ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,9 ! place ( ! e>? let u set ! sun1 ) #cjj1jjj times ! e>?'s mass1 & in/ead ( a fall ( a few feet1 let u take cosmical elevations2 we ?us obta9 a means ( g5]at+ heat :i* transc5ds all t]re/rial p[]4 ,x is easy to calculate bo? ! maximum & ! m9imum velocity imp>t$ by ! sun's attraction to a/]oids circulat+ r\nd him2 ! maximum is g5]at$ :5 ! body approa*es ! sun f an inf9ite di/ance z ! entire pull ( ! sun be+ !n exp5d$ ^u x2 ! m9imum is t velocity :i* w\ld b>ely enable ! body to revolve r\nd ! sun close to 8 surface4 ,! f9al velocity ( ! =m]1 j be=e /rik+ ! sun1 w\ld be #cij miles a second1 t ( ! latt] #bgf miles a second4 ,! a/]oid on /rik+ ! sun ) ! =m] velocity1 w\ld develop m ?an #c1jjj times ! heat g5]at$ by ! combu/ion ( an equal a/]oid ( solid coal2 :ile ! %ock1 9 ! latt] case1 w\ld g5]ate heat equal to t ( ! combu/ion ( upw>d ( #d1jjj su* a/]oids4 ,x matt]s n :e!r ! sub/ances fall+ into ! sun be combu/ible or n2 _! be+ combu/ible w\ld n add s5sibly to ! trem5d\s heat produc$ by _! me*anical collision4 ,"h !n we h an ag5cy compet5t to re/ore 8 lo/ en]gy1 & to ma9ta9 a temp]ature at 8 surface :i* transc5ds all t]re/rial combu/ion4 ,! v quality ( ! sol> rays--_! incomp>able p5etrat+ p[]--enables u to inf] t ! temp]ature ( _! orig9 mu/ be enorm\s2 b 9 ! fall ( a/]oids we f9d ! means ( produc+ su* a temp]ature4 ,x may be cont5d$ t ?is %[]+ d[n ( matt] mu/ be accompani$ by ! gr[? ( ! sun 9 size2 x is s2 b ! quantity necess>y to produce ! obs]v$ calorific emission1 ev5 if accumulat$ = #d1jjj ye>s1 w\ld defy ! scrut9y ( our be/ in/rum5ts4 ,if ! e>? /ruck ! sun x w\ld utt]ly vani% f p]ception1 b ! heat develop$ by ! %ock w\ld cov] ! exp5diture ( ! sun = a c5tury4 ,to ! e>? itself apply consid]ations simil> to ^? :i* we h appli$ to ! sun4 ,newton's !ory ( gravitation1 :i* enables u1 f ! pres5t =m ( ! e>?1 to d$uce its orig9al /ate ( aggregation1 reveals to u1 at ! same "t1 a s\rce ( heat p[]ful en\gh to br+ ab\t ! fluid /ate--p[]ful en\gh to fuse ev5 worlds4 ,x tea*es u to reg>d ! molt5 condition ( a planet z result+ f me*anical union ( cosmical masses1 & ?us r$uces to ! same homog5e\s process ! heat /or$ up 9 ! body ( ! e>?1 & ! heat emitt$ by ! sun4 ,)\t d\bt ! :ole surface ( ! sun displays an unbrok5 ocean ( fi]y fluid matt]4 ,on ?is ocean re/s an atmosph]e ( fl[+ gas--a flame atmosph]e1 or photosph]e4 ,b gase\s sub/ances1 :5 comp>$ ) solid ones1 emit1 ev5 :5 _! temp]ature is v high1 only a feeble & transp>5t light4 ,h5ce x is probable t ! dazzl+ :ite light ( ! sun comes ?r\gh ! atmosph]e f ! m solid portions ( ! surface4444 ,9 conclusion1 ?us writes ,pr(essor ,?omson3 ',! s\rce ( en]gy f :i* ! sol> heat is d]iv$ is und\bt$ly meteoric4444 ,! pr9cipal s\rce--p]haps ! sole appreciable effici5t s\rce--is 9 ! bodies circulat+ r\nd ! sun at pres5t inside ! e>?'s orbit se5 9 ! sunlight by u call$ ,zodiacal light4 ,! /ore ( en]gy = future sunlight is at pres5t p>tly dynamical--t ( ! motions ( ^! bodies r\nd ! sun2 & p>tly pot5tial--t ( _! gravitation t[>ds ! sun4 ,?is latt] is gradually be+ sp5t1 half aga9/ ! resi/+ m$ium1 & half 9 caus+ a cont9u\s increase ( ! =m]4 ,ea* meteor ?us goes on mov+ fa/] & fa/]1 & gett+ ne>] & ne>] ! c5t]1 until "s "t1 v sudd5ly1 x gets s mu* entangl$ 9 ! sol> atmosph]e z to beg9 to lose its velocity4 ,9 a few seconds m x is at re/ on ! sun's surface1 & ! en]gy giv5 up is vibrat$ across ! di/rict :]e x 0 ga!r$ dur+ s _m ages1 ultimately to p5etrate z light ! remote/ regions ( space4444 ',! heat ( rotation ( ! sun & planets1 tak5 all toge!r1 w\ld cov] ! sol> emission = #acd ye>s2 :ile ! heat ( gravitation 7t produc$ by fall+ into ! sun7 w\ld cov] ! emission = #de1ehi ye>s4 ,!re is no?+ hypo!tical 9 ^! results2 !y foll[ directly & necess>ily f ! application ( ! me*anical equival5t ( heat to cosmical masses4'444 ,b1 cont9ues ,helmholtz1 ?\gh ! /ore ( our planet>y sy/em is s imm5se z n to be s5sibly dim9i%$ by ! incessant emission :i* has gone on dur+ ! p]iod ( man's hi/ory1 & ?\gh ! "t :i* mu/ elapse be=e a s5sible *ange 9 ! condition ( our planet>y sy/em c occur is totally incapable ( measurem5t1 ! inexorable laws ( me*anics %[ t ?is /ore1 :i* c only suff] loss1 & n ga91 mu/ f9ally be exhau/$4 ,%all we t]rify ourselves by ?is ?\ght8 ,m5 are 9 ! habit ( measur+ ! greatness ( ! univ]se1 & ! wisdom display$ 9 x1 by ! duration & ! pr(it :i* x promises to _! own race2 b ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! e>? %[s ! insignificance ( ! int]val dur+ :i* man has _h 8 dwell+ "h4 ,:at ! museums ( ,europe %[ u ( ! rema9s ( ,egypt & ,assyria we gaze ^u 9 sil5t wond]1 & despair ( be+ able to c>ry back our ?\ghts to a p]iod s remote4 ,/ill1 ! human race mu/ h exi/$ & multipli$ = ages be=e ! ,pyramids c\ld h be5 erect$4 ,we e/imate ! duration ( human hi/ory at #f1jjj ye>s2 b va/ z ?is "t may appe> to u1 :at is x 9 comp>ison ) ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! e>? bore successive s]ies ( rank plants & mighty animals1 b no man8 ,p]iods dur+ :i*1 9 our own neighborhood 7,ko5igsb]g7 ! amb] tree bloom$ & dropp$ its co/ly gum on ! e>? & 9 ! sea2 :5 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica groves ( tropical palms fl\ri%$1 9 :i* gigantic liz>ds1 & aft] !m elephants1 ^: mighty rema9s are /ill buri$ 9 ! e>?1 f\nd a home4 ,diff]5t geologi/s1 proce$+ f diff]5t premises1 h s\ght to e/imate ! l5g? ( ! above p]iod1 & !y set x d[n f "o to n9e million ( ye>s4 ,! "t dur+ :i* ! e>? has g5]at$ organic be+s is aga9 small1 comp>$ ) ! ages dur+ :i* ! _w 0 a mass ( molt5 rocks4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,bis*(f ^u basalt %[ t = our globe to cool d[n f #b1jjj to #bjj c5tigrade w\ld require #cej millions ( ye>s4 ,& ) reg>d to ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! fir/ nebul\s masses cond5s$1 s z to =m our planet>y sy/em1 conjecture mu/ entirely cease4 ,! hi/ory ( man1 !re=e1 is b a m9ute ripple 9 ! inf9ite ocean ( "t4 ,= a mu* long] p]iod ?an t dur+ :i* he has already occupi$ ! _w1 ! exi/5ce ( a /ate ( inorganic nature1 favorable to man's exi/5ce1 seems to be secur$2 s t = ourselves1 & = long g5]ations aft] u1 we h no?+ to fe>4 ,b ! same =ces ( air & wat]1 & ( ! volcanic int]ior1 :i* produc$ =m] geological revolutions1 & buri$ "o s]ies ( liv+ =ms aft] ano!r1 /ill act ^u ! e>?'s cru/4 ,!y1 r ?an ^? di/ant cosmical *anges ( :i* we h spok51 w end ! human race1 & p]haps compel u to make way = new & m complete =ms ( life1 z ! liz>d & ! mammo? h giv5 way to u & our contempor>ies4 ,gr&1 h[ev]1 & m>vel\s z are ^! que/ions reg>d+ ! physical con/itution ( ! sun1 !y are b a portion ( ! wond]s connect$ ) our lum9>y4 ,8 relation%ip to life is yet to be ref]r$ to4 ,! e>?'s atmosph]e conta9s c>bonic acid1 & ! e>?'s surface be>s liv+ plants2 ! =m] is ! nutrim5t ( ! latt]4 ,! plant seizes ! comb9$ c>bon & oxyg5 & te>s !m asund]1 /or+ ! c>bon & lett+ ! oxyg5 g free4 ,by no special =ce1 diff]5t 9 quality f o!r =ces1 d plants ex]cise ?is p[]--! real magician "h is ! sun4 ,we h se5 h[ heat is consum$ 9 =c+ asund] ! atoms & molecules ( solids & liquids1 conv]t+ itself into pot5tial en]gy1 :i* reappe>s z heat :5 ! attractions ( ! sep>at$ atoms are aga9 all[$ to come into play4 ,precisely ! same consid]ations :i* we !n appli$ to heat we h n[ to apply to light2 = x is at ! exp5se ( ! sol> light t ! decomposition ( ! c>bonic acid is effect$4 ,)\t ! sun ! r$uction _c take place1 & an am\nt ( sunlight is consum$ exactly equival5t to ! molecul> "w accompli%$4 ,?us trees are =m$1 ?us mead[s gr[1 ?us ! fl[]s bloom4 ,let ! rays fall ^u ! surface ( s&1 ! s& is heat$1 & f9ally radiates away z mu* z x receives2 let ! same rays fall ^u a =e/1 ! quantity ( heat giv5 back is less ?an t receiv$1 = ! en]gy ( a portion ( ! sunbeams is inve/$ 9 build+ up ! trees4 ,i h "h a bundle ( cotton :i* ,i ignite2 x bur/s into flame1 & yields a def9ite am\nt ( heat2 precisely t am\nt ( heat 0 ab/ract$ f ! sun 9 ord] to =m t bit ( cotton4 ,?is is a repres5tative case--e tree1 plant1 & fl[]1 gr[s & fl\ri%es by ! grace & b\nty ( ! sun4 ,b we _c /op at vegetable life2 = ?is is ! s\rce1 m$iate or imm$iate1 ( all animal life4 ,9 ! animal body vegetable sub/ances are br\ght aga9 into contact ) _! belov$ oxyg51 & !y burn )9 z a fire burns 9 a grate4 ,?is is ! s\rce ( all animal p[]2 & ! =ces 9 play are ! same1 9 k9d1 z ^? :i* op]ate 9 inorganic nature4 ,9 ! plant ! clock is w\nd up1 9 ! animal x runs d[n4 ,9 ! plant ! atoms are sep>at$1 9 ! animal !y recomb9e4 ,& z surely z ! =ce :i* moves a clock's h&s is d]iv$ f ! arm :i* w9ds ! clock1 s surely is all t]re/rial p[] drawn f ! sun4 ,leav+ out ( acc\nt ! eruption ( volcanoes & ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides1 e me*anical action on ! e>?'s surface1 e manife/ation ( p[]1 organic & inorganic1 vital or physical1 is produc$ by ! sun4 ,8 w>m? keeps ! sea liquid1 & ! atmosph]e a gas1 & all ! /orms :i* agitate bo? are bl[n by ! me*anical =ce ( ! sun4 ,he lifts ! riv]s & glaci]s up ! m\nta9s2 & ?us ! cat>act & avalan*e %oot ) an en]gy d]iv$ imm$iately f him4 ,?und] & lightn+ are also 8 transmut$ /r5g?4 ,e fire t burns & e flame t gl[s disp5ses light & heat :i* orig9ally belong$ to ! sun4 ,9 ^! days1 unhappily1 ! news ( battle is famili> to u1 b e %ock1 & e *>ge1 is an application or misapplication ( ! me*anical =ce ( ! sun4 ,he bl[s ! trumpet1 he urges ! projectile1 he bur/s ! bomb4 ,& rememb] ?is is n poetry1 b rigid me*anical tru?4 ,he re>s1 z ,i h said1 ! :ole vegetable _w1 & ?r\gh x ! animal2 ! lilies ( ! field are 8 workman%ip1 ! v]dure ( ! mead[s1 & ! cattle ^u a ?\s& hills4 ,he =ms ! muscle1 he urges ! blood1 he builds ! bra94 ,8 fleetness is 9 ! lion's foot2 he spr+s 9 ! pan!r1 he so>s 9 ! eagle1 he slides 9 ! snake4 ,he builds ! =e/1 & hews x d[n1 ! p[] :i* rais$ ! tree & t :i* wields ! axe be+ "o & ! same4 ,! clov] spr\ts & blossoms1 & ! scy! ( ! m[] sw+s1 by ! op]ation ( ! same =ce4 ,! sun digs ! ore f our m9es1 he rolls ! iron1 he rivets ! plates1 he boils ! wat]1 he draws ! tra94 ,he n only gr[s ! cotton1 b he sp9s ! fib] & weaves ! web4 ,!re is n a hamm] rais$1 a :eel turn$1 or a %uttle ?r[n1 t is n rais$1 & turn$1 & ?r[n by ! sun4 ,8 en]gy is p\r$ freely into space1 b our _w is a halt+-place :]e ! en]gy is condition$4 ,"h ! ,proteus works 8 spells2 ! self-same ess5ce takes a million ( %apes & hues1 & f9ally dissolves into its primitive & almo/ =mless =m4 ,! sun comes to u z heat2 he quits u z heat2 & betwe5 8 entrance & dep>ture ! multi=m p[]s ( our globe appe>4 ,!y are all special =ms ( sol> p[]--! molds into :i* 8 /r5g? is tempor>ily p\r$1 9 pass+ f its s\rce ?r\gh inf9itude4 ,pres5t$ rightly to ! m9d1 ! discov]ies & g5]alizations ( mod]n sci5ce con/itute a poem m sublime ?an has yet be5 address$ to ! intellect & imag9ation ( man4 ,! natural philosoph] ( to-day may dwell amid conceptions :i* begg> ^? ( ,milton4 ,s great & gr& are !y1 t 9 ! contemplation ( !m a c]ta9 =ce ( "* is requisite to pres]ve u f bewild]m5t4 ,look at ! integrat$ en]gies ( ! _w--! /or$ p[] ( our coal fields2 our w9ds & riv]s2 our fleets1 armies1 & guns2 :at are !y8 ,!y are all g5]at$ by a portion ( ! sun's en]gy1 :i* does n am\nt to #a_/bcjjjjjjjj? ( ! :ole4 ,?is1 9 fact1 is ! entire fraction ( ! sun's =ce int]cept$ by ! e>?1 &1 9 reality1 we conv]t b a small fraction ( t fraction into me*anical en]gy4 ,multiply+ all our p[]s by millions ( millions1 we d n rea* ! sun's exp5diture4 ,& /ill1 not)/&+ ?is enorm\s dra91 9 ! lapse ( human hi/ory we are unable to detect a dim9ution ( 8 /ore2 measur$ by our l>ge/ t]re/rial /&>ds1 su* a res]voir ( p[] is inf9ite2 b x is our privilege to rise above ^! /&>ds & to reg>d ! sun himself z a speck 9 inf9ite ext5sion--a m]e drop 9 ! univ]sal sea4 ,we analyze ! space 9 :i* he is imm]s$1 & :i* is ! vehicle ( 8 p[]4 ,we pass to o!r sy/ems & o!r suns1 ea* p\r+ =? en]gy l our own1 b /ill )\t infr+em5t ( ! law1 :i* reveals immutability 9 ! mid/ ( *ange1 :i* recognizes incessant transf]5ce & conv]sion1 b nei!r f9al ga9 nor loss4 ,?is law g5]alizes ! aphorism ( ,solomon t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun1 by tea*+ u to detect ev]y:]e1 "u its inf9ite v>iety ( appe>ances1 ! same primeval =ce4 ,to nature no?+ c be add$2 f nature no?+ c be tak5 away2 ! sum ( h] en]gies is con/ant1 & ! utmo/ t man c d 9 ! pursuit ( physical tru?1 or 9 ! application ( physical k1 is to %ift ! con/itu5ts ( ! nev]-v>y+ total1 & out ( "o ( !m to =m ano!r4 ,! law ( cons]vation rigidly excludes bo? creation & annihilation4 ,waves may *ange into ripples1 & ripples into waves--magnitude may be sub/itut$ = numb]1 & numb] = magnitude--a/]oids may aggregate to suns1 & suns may resolve !mselves into flora & fauna1 & flora & fauna melt 9 air--! flux ( p[] is et]nally ! same4 ,x rolls 9 music ?r\gh ! ages1 & all ! t]re/rial en]gy--! manife/ations ( life1 z well z ! display ( ph5om5a1 are b ! modulations ( ! rhy?m 7,tyndall ,lecture ,,xii74 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,g5esis--,,! ,,creation4 ,man mu/ pass ?r\gh infancy & *ildhood be=e he rea*es manhood & maturity4 ,races & nations also _h to pass ! /ages ( infancy & *ildhood1 ) all _! mi/akes1 fancy1 & fable4 ,9 ^! /ages any k9d ( in=mation & int]pretation is readily accept$1 )\t inquiry & )\t inve/igation1 = ! reason t !y are n capable ( ei!r4 ,to inquire1 is ! awak+ ( k2 & to inve/igate1 requires und]/&+4 ,:atev] k has be5 acquir$1 t k c be imp>t$1 b no m4 ,if x be true1 x _c be d5i$ or contradict$2 if t k be n true1 x w be subject to d5ial1 controv]sy1 & dispute1 :5 exp]i5ce has rip5$ ! und]/&+4 ,*ildhood w li/5 to any?+ )\t contradiction4 ,x accepts ! matt] z told & believes x4 ,z ye>s pass on1 ! /ory t once seem$ s impressive & pretty1 t 0 li/5$ to s eag]ly1 loses its *>m1 = lack ( tru?4 ,fairy tales ( pa/ ages 7 abundant4 ,e locality _h !m1 & 0 by !m adorn$ 9 my/]y & wond]4 ,!y 7 ord9>ily recit$ ) />tl+ impressiv5ess4 ,) awe places 7 po9t$ out ( p]haps "s /range app>ition1 or prodigi\s occurr5ce4 ,all ( su* acc\nts 7 ei!r delib]ate inv5tions1 or concoctions ( a prolific imag9ation4 ,e>ly writ+s ab\nd 9 !m4 ,! improbability ( a /ory gr[s /rong] ! f>!r y g back 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity4 ,_m ( ^! /ories 7 incorporat$ 9 poems1 9 h]oic leg5ds1 9 tales ( ! my/]i\s bir?s ( k+s & que5s1 desc5dants ( gods4 ,& ! va/ majority ( ! writ]s ( antiquity mix fiction & fact1 ! possible ) ! impossible4 ,!y treat on ! conduct ( m51 _! de$s & misde$s1 accord+ to ! extravagant cu/oms ( ! "t4 ,! ,book call$ scripture writ+s is compos$ ( ?ree elem5ts--fiction1 exagg]ation1 & fact4 ,! fiction consi/s ( all t portion ( ! writ+s t relates to ,god & 8 miracul\s works4 ,! exagg]ation consi/s ( impossible do+s ( m51 su* z acc\nts ( miracle-heal]s1 resurrectioni/s1 flights to heav51 etc4 ,! facts app]ta9 to ! ,jewi% race actually--t !y did exi/ z a nation1 & conduct$ _! affairs 9 z b>b>\s a fa%ion z _! neighbors4 ,= ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ,*ri/ianity has done its utmo/ to su/a9 ! fiction portion z be+ absolutely true1 & /ill x tea*es ^! absurdities to be true1 & anyone d\bt+ _! accuracy is liable to p]secution4 ,= e d\bt] ( ! curr5t belief1 :e!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times1 is subject to discipl9e ( ! *ur* to :i* he belongs4 ,rec5tly 9 our own city _m h be5 subject$ to a mild =m ( p]secution = d\bt+4 ,!y 7 decl>$ to be h]etics1 blasphem]s1 etc4 ,i speak ( su* m5 z ,dr4 ,newton1 ,dr4 ,briggs1 & o!rs4 ,yet1 we mu/ conc$e t e organization has a "r to judge z to ! qualifications ( any "o ( its memb]s1 especially if he is an (fice-hold]4 ,!y may reject or accept any memb]4 ,b s9ce 8 memb]%ip dep5ds on :e!r he believes 9 _! mode ( int]pret+ ?is fiction1 he mu/ say t he believes x1 & proclaim to o!rs t x is true1 ?\gh he kn[s x is n4 ,no?+ on e>? has giv5 rise to s mu* dispute1 angry qu>rel1 bitt] hatr$ & abuse1 z ?is fiction4 ,x has be5 ! cause ( m villa9y1 brutality1 massacres1 & bloody w>s ?an all matt]s t conc]n humanity put toge!r4 ,sci5ce univ]sally agrees t ! biblical /ory has n a p>ticle ( tru? 9 x2 & ! old] x gets ! m x suff]s1 ! weak] x gets1 & x f9ally mu/ und]go complete dissipation1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! /rong light ( natural tru?4 ,we h a great deal to be ?ankful =1 to h & to enjoy ! privilege1 ! fre$om1 ( ex]cis+ & giv+ expression to op9ions conc]n+ matt]s t h be5 consid]$ too sacr$ to be contradict$ or criticis$4 ,! "t has come1 or is com+ v fa/1 t we %all be able to disp5se ) ,god1 ,*ri/1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ! ,bible z a sacr$ text-book1 bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ord] to d ?is we mu/ exam9e "s portion ( its text4 ,we %\ld d ?is = educational purposes4 ,e man & woman %\ld acquire a prop] am\nt ( k1 to enable !m to ?9k = !mselves4 ,e p]son kn[s1 or ought to "k1 t prie/ & prea*] are especially educat$ to keep ! masses z ignorant z !y c possibly keep !m4 ,x is _! trade4 ,x is _! bread & butt]1 l t ( e o!r trade or pr(ession--x is _! bus9ess1 _! function1 _! pr(it1 to su/a9 & uphold ?is tott]+ fabric1 ?is holl[ %am1 ?is a]ial no?+1 ) n a tru?1 n ev5 a %ad[ ( a tru?1 to support x4 ,*apt] i1 v]se #a1 ( ,g5esis3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ heav5 & e>?4 ,v]se #b3 ,! e>? 0 )\t =m & void4 7#a7 ,god c\ld n h creat$ ! e>?1 z a planet di/9ct & sep>ate by itself4 ,?is t]re/rial globe belongs to a sy/em ( planets1 & !y are all n only dep5d5t on "o ano!r1 b all dep5d5t on ! sun = _! exi/5ce4 7#b7 ,h[ c ,god create a planet1 ?is e>?8 ,:]e did he get 8 mat]ial f8 ,& 0 x possible = ,god to ov]come ! laws ( gravitation8 7#c7 ,does x n seem /range t ,god1 :o seem$ to h direct deal+s ) ,moses1 did n give him m in=mation ab\t x8 7#d7 ,!ologians claim t ,god is ! ar*itect1 ! design]1 ! fir/ cause1 ! creator4 ,:y did x take ,god to make ?is t]re/rial globe six days8 ,if he 0 able to make x 9 six days1 he might z well h made x 9 "o day1 yes1 "o h\r4 ,if ! ,^w 0 ,god1 & ,god 0 ! ,^w1 !n ! ,^w ought to h display$ ?is magical art2 he might h simply said1 ,g6 ,! t]m design]1 ar*itect1 creator1 implies skill1 human skill1 a be+ t has bra94 7#e7 ,z to heav51 t "p t is scripturally indicat$ z heav5 is ! atmosph]e4 7#f7 ,we are n[h]e told :]e ,god 0 :5 he 0 do+ all ?is "w4 ,:e!r he 0 float+ 9 space among ! meteors & a/]oids1 or _h 8 resid5ce on ,m>s or ,v5us1 we are n in=m$4 7#g7 ,?is e>? always _h a =m4 ,a globe t revolves r\nd its own axis1 once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & r\nd ! sun besides1 _c be )\t =m4 ,x mu/ necess>ily h a globul> =m2 nor 0 x ev] void4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a void 9 fact2 x may appe> s to "o ignorant ( natural ph5om5a4 ,t 0 und\bt$ly ! case :5 t matt] 0 writt5 up4 7#h7 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t e planet 9 ! sy/em ( ! sun receives a portion ( 8 light4 ,! contact ( ! sun's rays ) ! elem5ts ( ?is e>? is fatal to any su* nons5sical proposition z a void4 7#i7 ,z to ! d>kness on ! face ( ! deep1 t c\ld exi/ only 9 isolat$ places1 because ( an int5se fog or mi/4 ,! :ole surface ( ! e>? c\ld n h a fog at "o "t4 ,t is impossible4 ,:]ev] ! sun %9es !re is light4 7#aj7 ,& ! _s ( ,god mov$ on ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,:at wat]s8 ,:]e8 ,we "k t only "o ?+ 9 ?is sol> sy/em c disp]se a fog2 t is ! sun4 ,v]se #c3 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light4 ,?is is worse ?an *ildi%2 x is /upid4 7#a7 ,h[ c\ld ,god h light :5 ! sun 0 n made8 7#b7 ,& if ! sun exi/$1 x 0 silly on 8 "p to say x4 ,v]se #d3 ,& ,god saw ! light t x 0 good1 & ,god divid$ ! light f ! d>kness4 ,h[ is x possible = any sane p]son to believe su* nons5se1 :5 ev]ybody ) a gra9 ( common s5se kn[s t light & d>kness dep5d on ! sun1 z day & night d8 ,& ?is is said to h con/itut$ ! fir/ day's "w4 ,if any man w read x c>efully he w p]ceive t ! composition is ( a nature to ent]ta9 simple-m9d$ p1 *ildr51 :o are unable to und]/& ! ord9>y phases ( nature4 ,! second day's "w is v droll4 ,v]se #f3 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be a firmam5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s1 etc4 ,v]se #g3 ,& ,god made ! firmam5t1 & divid$ ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t & ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t1 & x 0 s4 ,v]se #h3 ,& call$ ! firmam5t heav54 ,!re is n a p>ticle ( s5se 9 ?is4 ,if ! firmam5t is heav51 & heav5 ! atmosph]e1 we "k t we _c h any wat] above ! firmam5t4 ,we may h cl\ds1 or a c]ta9 quantity ( moi/ure1 b no wat]4 ,if ! atmosph]e is ov]load$ ) moi/ure1 t moi/ure is sure to return to ! e>? 9 ! %ape ( ra9 or o!r =m4 ,?is portion is important to pi\s p]sons1 t !y may "k :]e _! s\ls g :5 !y g to heav5--to ! atmosph]e6 ,!ologians & religi\s writ]s cont5d t ?is e>? 0 9 a /ate ( aque\s solution4 ,t is all wrong4 ,we h n oxyg5 & hydrog5 en\gh to produce su* a /ate )4 ,besides1 if x 0 9 an aque\s solution :at became ( ! sixty-two elem5t>y sub/ances t nev] ent] into ! composition ( wat]8 ,nor c ! majority ( ! elem5ts be held 9 susp5sion by wat]4 ,! specific gravity ( ! diff]5t elem5ts _c be susp5d$ to please anybody4 ,eli%a is suppos$ to h p]=m$ t miracle2 he made an axe-head swim 7#b ,k+s vi1 #f74 ,?is same man also beheld a *>iot ( fire & horses ( fire ) :i* ,elijah w5t to heav54 ,x seems surpris+ t m5 :o claim to "k some?+ ( sci5ce insi/ ^u ?is miracul\s sup]natural "w4 ,!y ought to "k bett]4 ,!y ought to "k t nei!r ,god nor man c /op ! *emical action ( ! elem5ts 9 ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! sun's heat4 ,!y ought to "k t no sup]natural p[] c susp5d nature's =ces1 or nature's laws4 ,!y ought to "k t no _s1 :e!r belong+ to ,god or n1 c effect su* an aque\s solution z ^! pi\s g5tlem5 w\ld h u believe4 ,! ?ird day's "w is rem>kable4 ,x embraces ! #i? to ! #ac? v]ses inclusive4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s "u ! heav5 be ga!r$ toge!r unto "o place & let dry l& appe>4 ,0 ,god ignorant ( ! exi/5ce ( m oceans ?an "o8 ( ! num]\s seas & lakes8 or 0 ?is creation a local affair ne> ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia8 ,!re is a s+ul> phraseology us$3 ! fir/ day's "w is n qualifi$2 ! second day1 ,x 0 s2 on ! ?ird day1 ,x 0 s1 x 0 good4 ,?us1 x seems1 ,god did n discov] ! quality ( 8 "w until ! ?ird day1 :5 he has x twice--,x 0 s1 z if 9 surprise1 & !n t x 0 good1 z if he lack$ self-reliance1 or 0 unc]ta9 h[ ! "w w\ld turn out4 ,v]se #aa3 ,& let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit tree yield+ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 etc4 ,x is a p]t95t "q1 or que/ions3 7#a7 ,on :at "p ( ! globe 7 ^! plant$8 7#b7 ,9 :at season ( ! ye> 7 !y plant$8 7#c7 ,did ^! ?rive & fl\ri% 9 ! abs5ce ( sunlight8 & 7#d7 ,9 :at k9d ( soil & 9 :at locality8 ,7 ^! trees1 grass1 h]bs1 plant$ at ! ,nor? ,pole1 equator1 9 a subtropical or 9 a mild climate8 ,0 x w9t]1 spr+1 summ]1 or autumn8 ,0 x s&y soil1 z 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 or hill1 valley1 or m\nta98 ,or 0 x really some:]e 9 ,*aldea :]e ! /ory orig9at$8 ,rememb]1 we h no sun yet4 ,v]se #ac3 ,& ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! ?ird day4 ,god takes 8 re/ dur+ ! night1 l any o!r toil] on ! surface ( ?is t]re/rial globe4 ,he did n believe 9 work+ aft] prop] h\rs4 ,no d\bt he />t$ ) sunrise & /opp$ at sunset1 z %eph]ds & agriculturi/s usually d4 ,& ,god simply susp5d$ ! natural op]ations & w5t to b$4 ,i don't blame him4 ,he 0 tir$4 ,!n aga91 grass might & does gr[ 9 a season1 b trees d n4 ,x takes q a numb] ( seasons = trees to be> fruit4 ,! elem5ts t ent] into _! composition diff]4 ,"s h m ( "o elem5t1 & gr[ on c]ta9 soil & fl\ri%1 :ile o!rs d n4 ,moreov]1 !re are only c]ta9 localities on e>? :]e ! gr[? ( any c be accompli%$4 ,! f\r? day's "w is some?+ prodigi\s3 ,v]se #ad3 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav5 79 ! eigh? v]se ,god calls ! firmam5t heav51 b 9 ! #ad? calls x ! firmam5t ( ! heav57 to divide ! day f ! night2 & let !m be = signs & = seasons1 & = days & ye>s4 ,v]se #ae3 ,& let !m be = lights 9 ! firmam5t ( ! heav5 to give light ^u e>?3 & x 0 s4 ,v]se #af3 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day1 & ! less] to rule ! night3 he made ! />s also4 ,! inv5tor or ! writ] ( ^! passages _h n ! slighte/ conception ( :at he 0 talk+ ab\t4 ,he spoke & wrote ( ! m]e appe>ance ( :at he beheld daily & nightly1 ! sun & ! moon4 ,!y c\ld n "k1 9 ^? remote ages1 ! important role ! sun plays 9 ! sol> sy/em1 because :atev] is kn[n !reon is ( v rec5t date4 ,talk ( sett+ ! sun 9 ! firmam5t1 #ic1jjj1jjj miles' di/ance f ! e>?1 consid]+ its bulk1 weight1 & condition1 is an outrage on common s5se4 ,x is a mon/r\s piece ( /upidity to make *ildr5 believe x1 & x is an infam\s fraud = any prie/ or prea*] to tea* x4 ,writ]s 9 ord] to expla9 away ! above difficulty quote1 = example3 ,maimonides 7born #aaca ,a4,d47 9 8 guide1 ,ra%i 7#ajcj7 & ,ab5 ,ezra 7#aaai7 9 _! comm5t>ies1 hold t ! light ( ! fir/ day 0 t ( ! sun itself1 :i* revolv+ 9 its sph]e f we/ to ea/ & f ea/ to we/ made a day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! scripture's say+ t x 0 creat$ on ! f\r? day is incid5t to its ?us demon/rat+ its effects ^u plants1 :i* appe>$ on ! ?ird day2 ra91 :i* proce$$ f ! exhalations & vapors rais$ f ! e>? by ! action ( ! sun's heat !reon1 be+ necess>y to _! vegetation4 ,!re=e1 x is cle> t !re 0 no new creation on ! f\r? day2 b ! heat implies t on t day ! sun develop$ ! effects ( 8 heat on plants4 ,?is is "o ( _m explanations ( philosophical comm5tators :o h tri$ to expla9 away ! difficulty ( creation1 ow+ to ! _m d\bts t arose 9 ! m9ds ( le>n$ m5 ab\t ! t5? & elev5? c5turies ,a4,d42 & especially ! ,greek philosoph]s1 ,ari/otle #d & o!rs4 ,volumes ^u volumes h be5 writt5 9 ord] to expla9 away ! difficulties !ologians enc\nt]4 ,z sci5ce advances1 explanations & reconciliations become m difficult4 ,maimonides1 9 8 pi\s en?usiasm1 aft] hav+ consult$ ,ari/otle & o!rs1 is n q c]ta91 b he claims 7accord+ to ,m1 xi1 #ae73 ,i propose to %[ t ! creation ( ! _w1 z our religion tea*es1 is n impossible1 & all philosophical reason+s to ! effect t x is n s1 z ,i h said1 !y may ov]?r[1 b _c make any objection aga9/ u4 ,z = me1 ,i /& firm 9 my belief on ! "q1 ( :e!r ! _w _h a beg9n+ or n4 ,i accept ! solution ( ?is problem f ! prophets1 z ! prophets expla9 ^! ?+s1 :i* speculation _c rea*1 etc4 7,kus>i ,i1 #fe1 #fg74 ,9 o!r words1 ,maimonides1 ! au?ors ( ! ,talmud1 & all o!r writ]s1 !ological philosoph]s1 ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian1 prove ! tru? ( ! ,bible by ! ,bible4 ,"o portion ( scripture mu/ prove ano!r portion to be true4 ,! ,jews use _! own biblical au?orities to demon/rate "o ano!r's /atem5ts4 ,isaiah gives evid5ce = ,moses1 & ,moses is made to te/ify = ,isaiah1 & s ! ,jewi% philosoph]s :ip ! devil r\nd ! r+4 ,! ,*ri/ians h a d\ble hold4 ,!y h a ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y prove ! /atem5ts made by p]sons figur+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t by /atem5ts made 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,t is1 !y make ,elijah1 ,eli%a1 ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,moses1 etc41 give te/imony = ,john1 ,m>k1 ,mat!w1 & ,luke2 & !n make ,luke1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,john give evid5ce = ,moses1 ,ezekiel1 ,isaiah1 ,eli%a1 ,elijah1 etc4 ,! majority ( !ological writ+s & comm5t>ies1 yes1 all ( !m1 7 compos$ & writt5 dur+ ! ,*ri/ian era1 & ne>ly "o-half ( ^! aft] ! twelf? c5tury4 ,all are employ$ ) ! same subject-matt]4 ,al?\gh !y lay claim t ! ,talmud & o!r works treat ( ma!matics1 physics1 m$ic9e1 etc41 !y knew little or no?+ ab\t ^! ?+s1 & ! little !y did "k 0 mo/ly appropriat$ f ! ,greek & o!r nations4 ,x is n an unusual occurr5ce = mod]n ?9k]s to int]pret ! /atem5ts ( anci5t writ]s z !y orig9ally nev] int5d$4 ,!y spoke 9 enigmas1 p>ables1 simply philosophical phrases1 )\t /at+ a s+le fact1 imply+ no?+ 9 p>ticul> & ev]y?+ 9 g5]al4 ,& he made ! />s also4 ,make ! />s6 ,we h %[n 9 a previ\s *apt] t ?is our sol> sy/em is b a speck among ! />ry ho/ ( ! univ]se4 ,f v]se #bj to #bc inclusive1 ,god creat$ mov+ creatures 9 ! wat]1 & f[l t may fly above ! e>?4 ,?is g5]al /atem5t1 l all o!r /atem5ts 9 ! ,bible1 is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ) ,god ev]y?+ is possible4 ,un=tunately = ,god's adh]5ts1 t is absolutely n ! case4 ,! laws ( nature are fix$1 p]man5t4 ,!re is no exception 9 favor ( any mortal & natural be+1 & c]ta9ly n = any sup]natural & imag9>y be+4 ,does x n seem /range t ! only animal m5tion$ 9 ! fif? & six? days' p]=mance is ! :ale8 ,great :ales1 x says4 ,:y great :ales8 ,!y _h he>d some?+ ab\t ! :ale1 he !re=e receiv$ prom95ce1 & 0 m5tion$4 ,!y _h no k ( o!r animals4 ,or 0 ?is great :ale purposely ins]t$ to d t extraord9>y s]vice to ,jonah8 ,& aft] all ?is "w 0 done1 ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,evid5tly pleas$ ) 8 h&iwork4 ,on ! six? day he f9i%es 8 "w--he br+s =? liv+ creatures4 ,:y liv+ creatures8 ,are n fi%1 f[l1 & :ales liv+ creatures8 ,next come cattle & creep+ ?+s4 ,aft] he creat$ ! creep+ ?+s he made man4 ,v]se #bg3 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image2 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him1 male & female creat$ he !m4 ,if man 0 made 9 8 own image1 ,god's image1 ,god mu/ h ! semblance ( man1 o!rwise man w\ld n be l him4 ,if ,god has ! semblance ( man1 & creates & desires1 works & re/s1 l a man1 he is a man1 !re=e _c be sup]natural--a ,god6 ,v]ses #bh1 #bi1 #cj3 ,god places all t he has creat$ at ! s]vice ( man1 giv+ him full control & dom9ion to make use ( ^! b5efits z he1 man1 ?9ks be/4 ,& behold x 0 v good1 & !n ,god took a re/4 ,! entire creation mu/ h tak5 place 9 a mild or w>m climate1 9 "s isolat$ locality on ! face ( ! globe4 ,no m5tion is made ( iceb]gs1 sn[ or hail4 ,!re does n seem to h occurr$ ! slighte/ imp$im5t 9 any ( ! "w done4 ,no evolution>y p]iod1 except ! night's re/ ,god res]v$ = himself1 9 addition to ! :ole day ,sunday1 or r ! sev5? day4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to make "s v p]t95t rem>ks & ask "s v p]t95t que/ions3 7#a7 ,:at p]iod elaps$ f ! "t man 0 creat$ to ! "t man c\ld use words or spee* intellig5tly8 7#b7 ,we may assume t no "o 0 pres5t at ! "t ( creation1 because man & woman 7 made ! la/ ?+ on ! six? day4 7#c7 ,:o 0 ! fir/ man t receiv$ ?is in=mation8 ,aft] h[ _m g5]ations or c5turies 0 ?is news publi%$1 & to :om8 7#d7 ,we are n in=m$1 ev5 by ! holy book1 ( ! man's "n :o 0 ! =tunate recipi5t ( ?is valuable in=mation4 7#e7 ,is x n highly probable t ! man :o fir/ told ?is /ory might also h inv5t$ x8 ,we h no pro( to ! contr>y1 except ! m]e say-s ( somebody4 ,! /atem5t1 z writt51 is well en\gh z a fable2 t's all4 ,z to fact1 !re is n a p>ticle ( tru? to su/a9 x4 ,b if m5 are det]m9$ to believe x1 & are n op5 to conviction1 if !y are willfully bl9d to ! tru?1 !y mu/ rema9 ! slaves to a p[]ful ecclesia/ical organization4 ,! #ad? v]se1 h[ev]1 betrays its orig94 ,:5 ! sun & moon 7 made = seasons1 days1 & ye>s1 z also = signs1 t %[s a high degree ( civilization4 ,^! divisions did n take place be=e man 0 creat$8 ,7 really ^! divisions made be=e a liv+ creature inhabit$ ?is e>?8 ,= :om8 ,= ^: use8 ,writ+ _h n be5 inv5t$4 ,a?ates1 or ,h]mes1 ! ,egyptian1 is suppos$ to be ! f\nd] ( hi]oglyphics1 #b1acf ,b4,c4 ,& we d n he> ( writ+ until #a1did ,b4,c4 ,x is claim$ t writ+ 0 taught to ! ,lat9s by ,europa1 daught] ( ,ag5>1 k+ ( ,pho5icia4 ,! doctr9e ( ! sol> sy/em z x is n[ accept$ 0 fir/ taught by ,py?agoras ( ,samos ab\t #ebi ,b4,c4 ,cop]nicus prov$ x 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ,newton demon/rat$ ! tru? fully 9 ! ye> #afie4 ,hi/ory claims = ! ,egyptians t !y 7 ! fir/ :o fix$ ! l5g? ( ! ye>4 ,! ,*aldeans & ,p]sians _h adopt$ ! lun> ye> be=e ,abraham ev] dream$ ( be+ exil$ by 8 c\ntrym51 ! ,*aldeans4 ,c any man be s silly z to believe t an almanac 0 made be=e man 0 creat$8 ,!re is n an intellig5t prie/ liv+ :o is ass big en\gh to believe any su* nons5se4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,g5esis--,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ed54 ,! cu/om ( six days' labor & "o day's re/ is a human inv5tion1 & is bas$ on ! pr9ciples ( economy1 p[]-sav+1 labor-sav+1 & _h be5 a recogniz$ in/itution long be=e ! date ( ! suppos$ creation4 ,= if ! /atem5t ( ,baily be true 7& we h no "r to discr$it x71 human be+s h exi/$1 9 "o /ate or ano!r1 above #d1jjj1jjj ye>s4 ,! record ( ! ,hebrew race is insignificant 9 comp>ison4 ,! mod]n eight-h\r movem5t is ! outcome ( ! economic re=ms ( labor4 ,_h ! compos]s ( ! scripture kn[n some?+ ( x at t "t ,god might h work$ only eight h\rs in/ead ( f sunrise to sunset4 ,we _c h ! slighte/ d\bt t ! above fir/-giv5 labor regulation exi/$ long1 long ago4 ,! ,*aldeans _h _! mode ( gov]nm5t1 _! laws1 _! social rules & regulations2 o!r neighbor+ nations _h !irs2 x 0 !re=e no?+ new4 ,?is six days' labor clause 0 incorporat$1 b !re 0 no ne$ ( a ,god to make x4 ,v]se #d3 ,& ^! are ! g5]ations ( ! heav5s & ( ! e>?1 :5 !y 7 creat$1 9 ! day t ! ,"l ,god made ! e>? & ! heav5s4 ,:at g5]ations ( heav58 ,v]se #g3 ,& ! ,"l ,god ,9 ?is *apt] an extra title is assign$ to ,god--x is ! ,"l ,god6 ,:y8 =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! gr\nd1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 & man became a liv+ s\l4 ,?is is a v grave error4 ,man is n made ( du/ ( ! gr\nd4 ,!re is comp>atively v little du/ 9 8 composition4 7#a7 ,man conta9s no m du/ ?an any o!r animal2 ! proportion ( inorganic con/itu5ts 9 him & o!r animals is ab\t ! same4 7#b7 ,animals are con/ruct$ anatomically & physiologically ! same4 ,!y h ! same organs1 ! same numb] ( muscles1 & same numb] ( bones1 ) "s few exceptions4 ,!y are built on ! same g5]al pr9ciples z man2 or r1 z man came lat]1 we w say t man is con/ruct$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciples z ! animals4 7#c7 ,! same me*anism & functions are to be f\nd 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r--respiration1 circulation1 dige/ion1 etc4 7#d7 ,! proportion ( m9]al matt]s conta9$ 9 a man--or du/1 z x is t]m$ 9 scripture--is ab\t #a_/bc to #a_/bd ( ! bodily weight4 ,t is1 a body weigh+ ab\t #abe to #acj p\nds w\ld yield ab\t #d #a_/b to #e p\nds ( du/1 or r a%es1 & ! l>ge/ proportion ( ^! a%es comes f ! solid framework1 ! skeleton1 ! bones1 compos$ ( phosphates & c>bonate ( lime4 7#e7 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ! body's weight is wat]--t is1 hydrog5 & oxyg54 ,! pr9cipal elem5ts f\nd 9 ! body are oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 c>bon4 ,!re are traces ( sulphur1 etc41 besides ! m9]al sub/ances above allud$ to4 ,?us man is n made ( du/1 b ( wat]1 oxyg5 & hydrog51 nitrog5 & c>bon4 ,if !y _h made ,god say t he made man out ( wat]1 he w\ld h be5 mu* ne>] ! tru?4 ,solomon repeats ! same 9 8 ,eccles4 iii1 #bj3 ,all g unto "o place2 all are ( du/1 & all turn to du/ aga94 ,9 ! burial s]vice ! same absurdity is repeat$4 ,alt] y\r s]vice1 y\r pray]--put wat] 9 place ( du/4 ,or bett]1 give all ! f\r elem5ts a *ance4 ,d n tea* *ildr5 we are made out ( du/4 ,x is n true4 ,tea* ! "y :at is true4 ,:at is ! good ( ly+ because "s man said1 ,god said s8 ,! brea? ( life4 ,is x n "t t m5 ( intellig5ce1 9 ?is age ( progress & civilization we boa/ s mu* (1 cease to pret5d to believe su* nons5se8 ,x is absurd to talk ( its be+ p>ables & figures ( spee*4 ,ei!r ! text means :at x says1 or x means no?+4 ,!re has be5 an imm5se am\nt ( controv]sy ov] two ,hebrew words1 viz43 nephe%--brea?1 respir+1 life1 life /r5g?1 animal s\l2 rua*--anamos1 brea?1 w9d1 psy*e1 s\l1 _s1 etc4 ,!y ?\ght t ! life is 9 ! blood4 ,lev4 xvii1 #aa3 ,= ! life ( ! fle% is 9 ! blood4 ,g54 ix1 #d1 #e3 ,b ! fle% ) ! life !re(1 :i* is ! blood !re(1 etc41 etc4 ,?is controv]sy has giv5 rise to no end ( /udies1 z psy*ology--d]iv$ f ! ^w psy*e1--s\l4 ,! lit]ature t has be5 exp5d$ on ?is subject1 psy*e1 s\l1 _c be easily e/imat$4 ,! matt] has be5 twi/$ into a sci5ce1 discuss$1 argu$1 lectur$ on1 etc4 ,on ! ^w ,!o1 ,!on--,deos--,god1 societies & sects1 etc41 h be5 =m$1 z ! ,!osophi/s4 ,:at is ! brea? ( life t caus$ s mu* controv]sy1 9 *ur* & out ( *ur*8 ,oxyg54 ,deprive a man ( oxyg5 & he dies4 ,deprive a bea/ ( oxyg5 & x dies4 ,oxyg5 ?us is ess5tial to life4 ,nei!r man nor bea/1 z we said1 c live )\t x4 ,! issues :i* ?is has giv5 rise to are bewild]+--!ological1 metaphysical1 ,!osophical1 philosophical1 ,agno/ic1 gno/ic1 spiritual1 etc41 etc4 ,oxyg51 h[ev]1 cov]s ! gr\nd4 ,x repres5ts all1 s f> z ! life ( a body is conc]n$4 ,we n[ come to ,p>adise1 or ! g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,we w try to locate ?is g>d5 ( ,ed5 geographically1 z ne>ly z possible correctly4 ,v]se #h3 ,& ! ,"l ,god plant$ a g>d5 ea/w>d ( ,ed52 & !re he put ! man :om he _h =m$4 ,t 0 v k9d ( ,god4 ,v]se #i3 ,god plant$ ! tree ( life also 9 ! mid/ ( ! g>d51 & ! tree ( k ( good & evil4 ,a wond]ful tree surety4 ,:at is mo/ to be regrett$ is t ! species has become ext9ct4 ,:at a boon to humanity if b "o tree 7 plant$ 9 e *ur*4 ,v]se #aj3 ,& a riv] w5t out ( ,ed5 to wat] ! g>d52 & f !nce x p>t$1 & became into f\r heads4 ,v]se #aa3 ,! "n ( ! fir/ is ,pison2 t is x :i* compasse? ! :ole l& ( ,havilah1 :]e !re is gold4 ,v]se #ab3 ,& ! gold ( t l& is good2 !re is bdellium & ! onyx /one4 ,v]se #ac3 ,& ! "n ( ! second riv] is ,gihon3 ! same is x t compasse? ! :ole l& ( ,e?iopia4 ,v]se #ad3 ,& ! "n ( ! ?ird riv] is ,hiddekel2 t is x :i* goe? t[>d ! ea/ ( ,assyria4 ,& ! f\r? riv] is ,euphrates4 ,assyria 0 f\nd$ ab\t #bbdg ,b4,c4 & is situat$ ne> ! ,p]sian gulf2 & seems to be w$g$ 9 betwe5 ! ,p]sian empire on ! ea/1 ,arabia on ! we/1 or ,badi5 el ,arab1 & on ! s\!rn po9t ! gulf ( ,p]sia4 ,e?iopia comprises ,nubia1 ,s5na>1 & ,nor!rn ,abyss9ia1 & takes 9 a /ret* ( c\ntry on ! we/ %ore ( ! ,r$ sea4 ,! two c\ntries are sep>at$ by ! ,r$ sea1 & by ,arabia1 :i* ext5ds f ! ea/ %ores ( ! ,r$ sea to ! we/ %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia1 & ,assyria4 ,"s "o made a big blund]1 or ,john/on's atlas is wrong1 or !y--,god--made a mi/ake 9 ! "n4 ,!re is consid]able di/ance betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,assyria lies 9 ,asia & ,e?iopia 9 ,africa4 ,egypt lies f>!/ nor? ( :at is usually kn[n z ,e?iopia4 ,assyria is hemm$ 91 nor? by ,arm5ia1 we/ by ,m$ia & ,susiana1 s\? & s\!a/ by ,babylon & ,mesopotamia4 ,! riv] ,tigris is ! divid+ l9e on ! s\? & s\!a/4 ,! ,p>a*oatras & ,zagrus m\nta9s =m ! divid+ l9e on ! we/]n bord]1 & ,arm5ia is ! b\nd>y on ! nor?4 ,*aldea is1 comp>atively speak+1 a small tract ( l& situat$ betwe5 ! riv] ,euphrates & ! ,arabian des]t1 or ,badi5 el ,arab1 ) ,babylon on its nor? & ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia on ! s\?we/]n po9t4 ,! riv] ,euphrates takes its rise 9 ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia & runs we/w>d1 & divides into f\r bran*es4 ,! fir/ bran*1 ! ,pasitigris1 runs some:at we/w>d ?r\gh ,susiana2 ! second1 ,*aosp] or ,kirkhah1 runs nor?w>d ?r\gh ,susiana2 ! ?ird1 ! riv] ,tigris1 runs nor?1 nor?we/1 sep>at+ ,babylon f ,susiana by ,assyria2 ! f\r?1 ! riv] ,euphrates1 ! f>!/ s\?1 runs we/w>d1 etc4 ,?is is ! only riv] ne> ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia t divides into f\r bran*es1 & ^! are ! f\r riv]s t are indicat$ :]e ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 0 plant$4 ,?is is ne> en\gh geographically to locate ?is g>d5 :i* ! ,"l ,god plant$4 ,x w inde$ af=d great pleasure = pi\s p to "k :]eab\ts !y c f9d ! g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,9 ?is rapid-transit age1 !y c get an excursion ticket & rea* ?is ,p>adise 9 a few weeks4 ,?is g>d5 0 plant$ 9 ,*aldea4 ,we w n[ see :at ,god did next4 ,v]se #ae3 ,& ! ,"l ,god took ! man1 & put him into ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to dress x & keep x4 ,god gave ! position ( g>d5] to ,mr4 ,adam4 ,! only /ipulation 9 ! contract betwe5 ! ,"l ,god & ,adam 0 7v]ses #af1 #ag71 he c\ld eat ( e tree 9 ! g>d5 except ! tree ( k4 ,!re is a ,god = y--wants to keep ! man he made 9 8 own image1 a liv+ s\l1 z ignorant & z /upid z possible2 9 addition tempt+ him to commit a wrong act4 ,v]se #ah3 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,x is n good t ! man %\ld be alone2 ,i w make him a help meet = him4 ,v consid]ate inde$ on ! "p ( ,god4 ,v]se #ba3 ,& ! ,"l ,god caus$ a deep sleep to fall ^u ,adam1 & he slept2 & he took "o ( 8 ribs & clos$ up ! fle% !re(4 ,?is is ! clev]e/ k9d ( surgical op]ation t 0 ev] p]=m$1 )\t loss ( blood1 use ( antiseptics or ane/hetics1 )\t ligature1 etc4 ,& out ( ?is rib he made a woman4 ,:y did ,god make a man ( du/ & ! woman out ( ! man's rib8 ,:y did he brea! into ! no/rils ( ! man & =get to d x to ! woman8 ,! only reasonable explanation t c be giv5 is t1 9 ^? days1 among ! ,*aldeans1 woman 0 consid]$ an inf]ior creature1 possess+ no s\l4 ,%e 0 ! slave sometimes1 b ! s]vant always4 ,%e 0 ! creature ( man's lu/1 ( 8 passion1 & %e 0 plac$ 9 ! ,bible by ! man t wrote x 9 j ! position & condition %e occupi$ at t p]iod4 ,?is is a gross falsehood1 x is debas+1 x is an infam\s libel on tru?4 ,does any woman believe t %e is a bone ( h] husb&'s bone1 & fle% ( 8 fle%8 ,v]se #be3 ,& !y 7 bo? nak$1 ! man & 8 wife1 & 7 n a%am$4 ,:at is !re extraord9>y ab\t t8 ,savage races up to ?is pres5t "t are f\nd 9 _m in/ances nude4 ,cs> describes ! ,g]mans z ba?+ promiscu\sly 9 a nude /ate4 ,columbus f\nd our ,am]ican ,indians nude4 ,evid5tly a degree ( civilization _h already be5 atta9$ :5 ?is /ory 0 evolv$4 ,! /ory _h its orig9 9 ! romantic regions ( ,*aldea1 some:]e 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,p]sian gulf1 ne> ! riv] ,euphrates4 ,! s+]1 ! /ory-tell]1 or ! travel+ m9/rel tramp$ f place to place1 f "o %eph]d's t5t to ano!r1 relat+ ! /ory to 8 crude1 b>b>\s c\ntrym51 recit+ ! curi\s yet pretty fable ( h[ man 0 made2 ! _w made2 ! g>d5 made2 h[ gold1 onyx1 & bdellium 7 f\nd1 & :]e2 laud+ & glorify+ _! own c\ntry1 & mak+ out t !y 7 ! imm$iate desc5dants ( ! gods4 ,e nation has its fairy tales1 its fables1 its my?s1 its songs1 & its romances4 ,:e!r !y h _! orig9 9 ,egypt1 or come d[n embelli%$ f ,m\nt ,olympus1 :e!r !y are ! fairy tales ( ! ,rh9e1 or ^? f ! riv] ,euphrates 9 ,*aldea1 !y are only ! products ( imag9ation4 ,!y spr+ f f\nta9s & f sacr$ groves1 ,& holy /reams t fl[ into ! sea 7,od4 x1 #cej74 ,next we come to *apt] iii--! *ildi% acc\nt ( ! s]p5t1 & ! woman & ! fruit %e ate4 ,! s]p5t is made to say1 v]se #e3 ,= ,god do? "k t 9 ! day ye eat !re(1 !n y\r eyes %all be op5$1 & ye %all be z gods1 kn[+ good f evil4 ,! fir/ k !y acquir$ 01 t !y discov]$ !y 7 )\t clo!s4 ,& !y sew$ fig leaves toge!r & made !mselves aprons4 ,:y sew$8 ,) :at8 ,aprons 7 a v late inv5tion1 & 7 nev] int5d$ = any su* purpose4 ,& !n1 ! conv]sation betwe5 ! ,"l ,god & ,adam6 ,god calls = ,adam :ile he is hid+4 ,god inquires ) a ,*9ese simplicity1 ,:]e art ?\8 ,?is is ! bl&e/ k9d ( conv]sation t has ev] tak5 place betwe5 mortal man & a ,god4 ,adam tells him t he has eat5 "s fruit4 ,l ! boy :o _h /ol5 jam out ( ! j>1 x seems ,adam c\ld n lie4 ,god gr[s petulant1 angry1 cross2 scolds him1 & imm$iately deprives him ( 8 position & turns him out ( ! g>d54 ,god _h two reasons = do+ :at he did4 ,"o reason 0 to puni% ,adam = disob$i5ce2 ! second1 t ,god got afraid ( ,adam4 ,v]se #bb3 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,behold ! man is become z "o ( u 77 !re m gods ?an "o871 to "k good & evil2 & n[1 le/ he put =? 8 h&2 & take also ( ! tree ( life1 & eat1 & live =ev]---- ,0 x ! fe> ( competition--t m5 might int]f]e ) ,god's occupation1 infr+e on 8 monopoly8 ,x seems to h a prie/ly r+1 ?is =bidd+ & prev5t+ ord9>y mortals to become intellig5t4 ,! /ory is s fram$ z to express ! l9e ( conduct ( ! high] t[>ds ! l[]1 ( ! slave t[>ds 8 ma/]1 ( ! labor] t[>ds 8 "l2 & ! #ai? v]se expresses ! subjugation ( ! poor ignorant creature3 ,9 ! sweat ( ?y face %alt ?\ eat bread1 till ?\ return unto ! gr\nd2 = out ( x wa/ ?\ tak52 = du/ ?\ art1 & unto du/ %alt ?\ return4 ,x is ! *ur* & ! prie/ t h tak5 c>e to keep ! du/ 9 ! eyes ( ! masses4 ,!y are ! *]ubim ) a flam+ sword t keep ! masses away f ! tree ( life4 ,*apt] iv relates to ! crime ( murd]4 ,god in/igates ! crime4 ,abel kept %eep4 ,ca9 till$ ! gr\nd4 ,ca9 br\ght vegetables to ,god1 & ,abel br\ght ! fir/l+s ( 8 flock & fat4 ,god's ta/e ran 9 ! meat l9e2 he 0 some:at ( an epicurean4 ,he respect$ ,abel & 8 (f]+1 b did n respect ,ca9's4 ,!n ,god asks ,ca9 :y he is cross1 & aft] ,ca9 kills 8 bro!r ,abel1 he1 ,god1 says3 ,:]e is ?y bro!r ,abel8 ,& ,god dispossesses ,ca9 & drives him ea/ ( ,ed5 to ,arabia4 ,a v arbitr>y l&lord ?is ,god4 ,*apt] v3 ,! f\r? *apt] w9ds up ) ,enos ! son ( ,se?4 ,v]se #bf3 ,!n began m5 to call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,n[1 ,adam liv$ #icj ye>s1 ,se? #iab ye>s1 & ,enos #ije ye>s4 ,god dur+ ?is p]iod 0 :olly occupi$ ) ^! p4 ,murd] is ! only incid5t ( importance dur+ ! fir/ ?\s& ye>s4 ,god takes a long re/ = ne>ly #b1jjj ye>s be=e any?+ ( importance occurs4 ,?is *apt] treats ( ! g5ealogy1 age1 & dea? ( ! patri>*s f ,adam to ,noah4 ,! records ( creation are by no means h>moni\s4 ,!re are no less ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty op9ions on ! subject4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! late/ & remote/ dates is no less ?an #c1bfh ye>s4 ,"h are "s ( ! dates ( ! suppos$ creation ( ! _w4 ,!y may be int]e/+ to "s1 z %[+ ! unc]ta9ty & inaccuracy3 ,hebrew1 #djjd ,b4,c4 ,septuag9t1 #ehgc 11 ,talmudi/ic1 #ecdd 11 ,scalig]1 #ciej 11 ,petovias1 #cihd 11 ,dr4 ,hale1 #edaa 11 etc4 ,"h we give ! g5ealogy ( ,adam & 8 l9e3 ,age4 #icj ,adam1 ,born #djjd ,b4,c4 ,di$ #cjgd ,b4,c4 ,abel1 11 #chge 11 #iab ,se?1 11 #chgd 11 #ije ,enos1 11 #cgfi #e 11 #iaj ,ca9on1 11 #cfgi 11 #hie ,mahalol$1 11 #cfji 11 #ifb ,j>$1 11 #cedd 11 #hae ,enos1 11 #cbhb 11 #ifi ,me?uselah1 11 #ccag 11 #ggg ,lame*1 11 #cacj 11 #cfe ,eno*1 11 #cjag 11 7,translat$87 #hae ,noah1 11 #bidh 11 #ejj bef4 flood4 #cae aft4 11 ,we may v5ture to make a v /rong int]rogation m>k aft] ^! ye>s4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 9 h>mony ) ! re/ ( ! /ory4 ,noah closes ! fabul\s p]iod4 ,we he> no m ( ,god's do+s until we come to ,abraham1 #aiba ,b4,c4 ,& ,abraham rea*$ ! age ( #age ye>s only4 ,*apt] vi1 on ! sons ( ,god1 etc41 is next4 ,i beg to rem9d ! read] we are /ill 9 ,*aldea1 ne> ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia2 ne> ! riv] ,euphrates2 ne> ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 :]e ,god creat$ man2 :]e we f\nd gold & preci\s /ones2 ! place :]e murd] 0 committ$2 ne> ,arabia1 etc4 ,! geographical location is important1 & let ! read] also rememb] t ! :ole tract ( l& :]e all ^! transactions are suppos$ to h tak5 place is n s l>ge z any mod]ate-siz$ /ate 9 our ,union4 ,if y w exam9e a map ( ?is p>ticul> region1 x w help to br+ ! tru? to y\r m9d1 & add consid]ably to y\r und]/&+4 ,x is also well to be> 9 m9d t 9 ?is small t]ritory ! art ( agriculture 0 pursu$1 z well z fruit-gr[+1 sew+ 0 inv5t$ & aprons 7 made1 & ,eve _h an apron be=e %e _h a dress1 & ?is high /ate ( civilization exi/$ z soon z man & woman appe>$ on e>?6 ,:at a contra/ ) o!r b>b>ic1 savage1 & unciviliz$ tribes6 ,eve _h a decid$ advantage ov] ! "y female t 0 captur$ :5 ,columbus l&$ ,decemb] #ab?4 ,%e 0 p]fectly nak$2 s says hi/ory4 ,v]se #b3 ,! sons ( ,god saw ! daught]s ( m51 t !y 7 fair2 & !y took !m wives all :i* !y *ose4 ,sons ( ,god6 ,0 ,god m>ri$8 ,if s1 to :om8 ,h[ _m wives _h he8 ,h[ _m sons & daught]s8 ,:]e 0 ,god's resid5ce1 if he _h any8 ,7 8 dome/ic relations pleasant or n8 ,0 8 family l>ge or small8 ,pray give u "s in=mation4 ,our !ologians w tell u1 ,ah1 t has a spiritual mean+4 ,v]se #c3 ,& ! ,"l n ,god said3 ,my _s %all n always /rive ) man1 = t he also is fle%4 ,:o8--,god8 ,yet 8 days %all be a hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,?is is a crafty /atem5t1 because x %[s t ! av]age l5g? ( life 0 ! same z x is n[1 ) "s few exceptions1 & z ! fabul\s age 0 pa/1 ! only way to get out ( ! difficulty 0 to give timely notice t extraord9>y ages %\ld n occur aga94 ,v]se #d3 ,!re 7 giants 9 ! e>? 9 ^? days2 & also aft] t1 :5 ! sons ( ,god came 9 unto ! daught]s ( m51 & !y bore *ildr5 to !m1 ! same became mighty m5 :i* 7 ( old1 m5 ( r5[n4 ,:o 7 ^! desc5dants ( ,god t became mighty & m5 ( r5[n8 ,aft] ,god's sons int]m>ry ) ! daught]s ( m51 ! affairs ( man gr[ worse1 in/ead ( bett]4 ,& ,god gr[s despond5t3 ,v]se #e3 ,& ,god saw t ! wick$ness ( man 0 great 9 ! e>?1 & t e imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t 0 only evil cont9ually4 ,?9k ( ,god's sons caus+ all ?is wick$ness on e>?4 ,he ought to h br\ght !m up bett]4 ,:at c we expect ( a ,god t _c raise 8 own *ildr5 prop]ly8 ,e imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t4 ,?is exhibits ! pr(\nd ignorance ( ,god4 ,?\gh he made man1 he did n "k :at ! v>i\s organs 9 ! body 7 =4 ,he ought to h kn[n t ! he>t does n ?9k4 ,its function is to circulate ! blood--a tru? :i* 0 n discov]$ until #afah by ,h>vey1 ( ,engl&4 ,v]se #f3 ,& x rep5t$ ! ,"l t he _h made man on e>?1 & x griev$ him at 8 he>t4 ,ha6 ,god has a he>t1 & he has fle%1 & he has sons2 he kn[s :at is good1 evil1 wick$ness2 rep5ts & grieves2 & has dome/ic relations )--evid5tly ladies1 by :om he has *ildr54 ,we w n m9d ! prep>ations ( ! ark1 or ! %ipbuild+ in/ructions giv5 by ,god4 ,a ,god t knew some?+ ( me*anics1 %ipbuild+1 dim5sions1 measurem5t1 etc4--no wond] !ologians call ,god a design]1 an ar*itect4 ,he %[$ "s skill 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is boat4 ,z soon z ,noah _h ev]y?+ prep>$1 _h load$ 8 cattle1 etc41 food & prov5d]1 ,god 0 ready to de/roy 8 own sons & _! relations by dr[n+ !m4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,deluge4 ,z to ! region :]e ! deluge occurr$--on ! nor!rn edge asc5d ! ,p]sian m\nta9s2 on ! ea/ ! /eep & l(ty p>allel *a9s ( ! ,indo-,p]sian b\nd>y m\nta9s1 & on ! s\? ! plateau = a ?\s& miles along ! ,p]sian gulf & ,arabian sea is b\nd$ by ! wild t]rac$ regions ( ,beloo*i/an & ,f>i/an4 ,! second division includes ! m\nta9\s regions ( ,arm5ia1 ,koordi/an1 & ,az]bijan4 ,"h ! table-l& is compress$ ab\t half its g5]al wid?4 ,f ?is plateau1 ( :i* a "p is m5tion$ 9 scripture z ! m\nta9s ( ,ar>at1 rises ! volcanic cone commonly /yl$ ,m\nt ,ar>at1 to ! hight ( #ag1bab feet above ! sea level4 ,! highl&s ( ,syria rise gradually f ! neighbor+ des]t to ! hight ( #aj1jjj feet 9 ,libanus & ,antilibanus1 & slope /eeply 9 t]races d[n to ! n>r[ coa/l&s ( ,pho5icia & ,pale/9e4 ,( ! ,syrian & ,arabian l[l&s1 ! s\? is hot & arid1 ) almo/ no oasis2 b ! nor? is wat]$ by ! ,tigris & ,euphrates4 ,ne> ?is isolat$ corn] ( ,asia1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,p]sian gulf & ! riv]s ,euphrates & ,tigris1 :]e ! deluge is suppos$ to h occurr$1 9 ! l[l&s ( t region1 ,*aldea1 imm5se *a9s ( m\nta9s run 9 sev]al directions1 ) highl&s #aj1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,v]se #d3 ,= yet sev5 days1 & ,i w cause x to ra9 ^u ! e>? =ty days & =ty nights2 & e liv+ sub/ance t ,i h made w ,i de/roy f (f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,?is deluge is suppos$ to h tak5 place ab\t #bcdh ,b4,c4 ,hale puts x at #caed ,b4,c4 ,! sons ( ,god came ^u e>? & m>ri$ ! daught]s ( m5 ab\t #bidh ,b4,c42 ab\t ?is date ought to be ne>] ! flood4 ,noah 0 #fjj ye>s old :5 he float$ 9 8 ark4 ,we w consid]1 fir/1 a g5]al deluge4 ,a deluge ov] ! :ole e>? is an impossibility4 #a4 ,we h to take 9 consid]ation ! inequality ( ! e>?'s surface--l[l&s1 highl&s1 hills & m\nta9s1 plateaus1 etc4 ,z to m\nta9s3 ,asia possesses no less ?an sixty or sev5ty m\nta9s1 ! highe/ be+ "s #bi1jjj feet above ! sea's level--! ,himalaya1 ,ev]e/4 ,africa boa/s ( "s ?irty or =ty m\nta9s1 ! ,k5ia & ,killam&ja be+ #bj1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 ! o!r m\nta9s grad+ d[nw>d 9 hight4 ,europe is adorn$ ) "s sev5ty or eighty m\nta9s1 ,m\nt ,blanc be+ ! highe/1 o!rs rang+ d[nw>ds4 ,s\? ,am]ica boa/s ( "s =ty or m m\nta9s1 ! ,tup5gat] be+ ! highe/1 #bb1dej feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,nor? ,am]ica c\nts "s sev5ty or m m\nta9s1 ,mt4 ,elias be+ #ag1ijj above ! level ( ! sea4 ,we h plateaus & table-l&s rang+ f #aj1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea d[nw>d to ne> ! sea's level4 ,! great bas9s betwe5 ! highe/ po9ts ( ! e>?'s surface are fill$ ) wat]4 ,^! imm5se expanses =m oceans1 seas1 lakes1 riv]s4 ,! ocean b$ is j z unev5 z ! dry portion ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,! num]\s isl&s are ! m\nta9s ( ! ocean b$1 "s ( great]1 o!rs ( less] ext5t4 #b4 ,! fluid "p ( ! t]re/rial globe fills ! holl[ places ( ! solid portion ( ! e>?'s cru/4 ,^! are ! great & small depressions1 or great] & small] bas9s4 #c4 ,! e>?'s weight has always be5 ! same1 nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,?is includes bo? ! solid & liquid "p ( ?is t]re/rial globe4 #d4 ,! fluid portion ( ?is t]re/rial globe has nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,x _c1 because ! quantity ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 is limit$ to ?is e>?4 ,none c get away1 & none c come to x4 #e4 ,wat] may *ange its position1 or /ate--split up into elem5ts2 make cl\ds1 mi/1 hail1 sn[1 or ra91 or dew--b x ultimately returns to ! great bas9 ( wat] :]e x came f4 #f4 ,if wat] rises 9 any "o locality beyond ! ord9>y sea level1 wat] has dim9i%$ 9 "s o!r locality4 ,! quantity ( wat] on ! e>?'s surface has n increas$1 except 9 "o locality4 #g4 ,ra9 _c fall ov] ! :ole surface ( ?is e>? at "o "t4 #h4 ,!re is always daylight & sun%9e1 night & d>kness1 on ?is e>?4 #i4 ,heat & cold v>y 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ?is e>?4 ,! atmosph]e is diff]5t 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,!re is a p]petual w9t]1 summ]1 spr+1 or autumn 9 v>i\s p>ts on ?is globe4 #aj4 ,! rays ( ! sun /rike ! v>i\s portions ( ! e>? at diff]5t times4 ,?is v>iation 9 ! direction ( ! sun's rays produces a correspond+ v>iation 9 ! int5sity ( ! sun's heat & light at diff]5t places1 & acc\nts = ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! torrid & ! frigid regions1 etc4 #aa4 ,! atmosph]e does n1 & _c1 c>ry beyond a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( aque\s vapor4 ,:5 x becomes ov]*>g$ ! moi/ure mu/ fall1 9 ra9drops :5 ! temp]ature is w>m en\gh4 #ab4 ,! sun's heat regulates ! am\nt ( aque\s vapor ! atmosph]e c c>ry 9 ! =m ( cl\ds4 ,:5 ! atmosph]e is fully saturat$1 ra9 mu/ fall4 #ac4 ,:5 ! atmosph]e is cool or cold1 ! ra9drops congeal1 & we h sn[ or hail4 #ad4 ,!re are regions on ! e>? :]e x nev] ra9s1 probably nev] ra9$4 ,! ra9less region ( ,asia is ( va/ ext5t4 ,x includes "p ( ,tibet1 ! great des]t ( ,gobi1 & "p ( ,mongolia--a space e/imat$ to comprise ab\t #b1jjj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,!re are o!r ra9less regions on ! face ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,!re is a great div]sity 9 ! ye>ly am\nt ( ra9fall2 ! highe/ is ab\t #fj in*es1 ! l[e/ #ba & less4 #ae4 ,!re is no great diff]5ce betwe5 ! pol> & equatorial diamet] ( ! e>?1 ! av]age numb] ( miles be+ ab\t #h1jjj4 ,tak+ ! above facts 9 consid]ation--! con=mation ( ! e>?'s surface1 ! elevation above ! sea level1 table-l&s or plateaus1 & m\nta9s1 ! fix$ quantity ( wat] ^u ! surface ( ! e>?1 ! influ5ce ( heat & cold1 ! condition ( ! atmosph]e1 etc41 a g5]al deluge mu/ be rigidly exclud$4 ,suppos+ x ra9$ =ty days & =ty nights1 h[ _m in*es ( ra9fall c\ld we possibly get8 ,we c "k to an in* ! quantity ( ra9 t w\ld fall4 ,! wat] w\ld c]ta9ly roll d[n ! hills & m\nta9s1 fill up ! lakes & riv]s1 ov]fl[ ! banks1 & rise 9 ! l[l&s to a c]ta9 hight4 ,! deluge1 ,noah's deluge1 0 a local affair1 if x ev] occurr$4 ,grant+ su* a flood did take place1 x nev] ext5d$ beyond t portion ( ,asia1 ,*aldea4 ,suppos+ t ! riv]s ,tigris & ,euphrates may h ov]fl[$ & caus$ a flood say ( fifty feet rise above ! level ( ! sea 7:i* is impossible1 because ! surplus wat]s w\ld fl[ into ! seas & oceans71 h[ insignificant is ! rise ( fifty feet ev5 9 comp>ison ) table-l&s #aj1jjj feet above ! sea-level1 & m\nta9s #bj to #cj1jjj feet above ! sea-level4 ,z to ! ext5t ( ! ra9/orm t caus$ ?is deluge1 ,i d n suppose t ! cl\ds held 9 ! atmosph]e ext5d$ ov] #ejj1 or say #a1jjj1 squ>e miles ov] ! region :]e ! ra9 fell4 ,z to collect+ ! animals = ! ark f all ov] ! globe1 t is j z ridicul\s z ! deluge itself4 ,x is to be presum$ t ! p]son or p]sons :o wrote ! fir/ sev5 *apt]s ( ! ,bible _h n ! slighte/ idea ( ! geographical condition ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,x 0 n kn[n4 ,!y ?\ght t _! locality embrac$ ! :ole e>?4 ,ev5 9 ,columbus's "t !y _h no idea ( ! ext5t ( ?is e>?4 ,! seas t !y probably _h "s k ( may h be5 ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia1 ! ,r$ sea1 ! ,m$it]ranean or ,arabian sea1 probably ! ,caspian4 ,t 0 ab\t ! ext5t4 ,!y _h means nei!r ( l& travel nor ( navigation4 ,v]se #bj3 ,fifte5 cubits upw>d did ! wat] prevail1 & ! m\nta9s 7 cov]$4 ,a cubit1 /&>d1 conta9s #ba in*es4 ,fifte5 multipli$ by #ba gives #cae in*es1 or #bf feet #c in*es4 ,h[ c #bf feet #c in*es ( wat] cov] plateaus #aj1jjj feet high & m\nta9s l ! ,ida1 #d1jjj feet1 & ! ,himalayas #bi1jjj feet 9 height8 ,m\nt ,ar>at 9 ,asia ,m9or is #ag1aab feet high4 ,^! are figures4 ,!y d n lie4 ,we h "h positive pro(4 ,i defy contradiction4 ,e man & woman ) a little s5se c prove x4 ,& any prie/ or cl]gyman t w ma9ta9 ! tru? ( a g5]al deluge aft] read+ ?is /atem5t1 is ei!r a fool1 or a fraud & an infam\s li>4 ,9 fact1 ! entire ra9fall dur+ ! =ty days & nights w\ld h _h z mu* effect on ?is globe z a p9t ( wat] w\ld h to dr[n an elephant4 ,v]se #ba3 ,& all fle% di$ t mov$ ^u ! e>?1 bo? ( f[l1 & ( cattle1 & ( bea/1 & ( e creep+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?1 & e man4 ,v]se #bb3 ,all 9 ^: no/rils 0 ! brea? ( life1 all t 0 on dry l&1 di$4 ,v]se #bc3 ,& e liv+ sub/ance 0 de/roy$1 :i* 0 ^u ! face ( ! gr\nd1 bo? man & cattle & ! creep+ ?+s1 & ! f[l ( ! heav52 & !y 7 de/roy$ f ! e>?2 & ,noah only rema9$ alive1 & !y t 7 ) him 9 ! ark4 ,v]se #bd3 ,& ! wat]s prevail$ ^u ! e>? a hundr$ & fifty days4 ,m\nt ,ar>at is situat$ 9 ,p]sia ab\t #aej to #bjj miles s\? ( ! ,black sea1 & ab\t #cjj miles we/ ( ! ,caspian sea1 ab\t #ejj miles ea/ ( ,aleppo & ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 & ab\t #gjj miles nor? ( ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia1 f ,m\nt ,s9ai ab\t #a1jjj or m miles nor!a/1 & a simil> di/ance f ! ,r$ sea4 ,arabia is ab\t #gjj miles across betwe5 ! ,p]sian gulf & ! ,r$ sea4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! %ores ( ! ,p]sian gulf & ! ,caspian sea is ab\t five hundr$ miles4 ,! ,caspian *a9 ( m\nta9s are situat$ ab\t two hundr$ miles nor? ( ,m\nt ,ar>at1 & !y ext5d f ! ,sea ( ,az( nor?1 runn+ s\?we/ to ! ,caspian sea4 ,! entire tract ( t]ritory :]e ?is deluge is said to h occurr$ does n embrace "o ?\s& miles 9 any giv5 direction1 & takes 9 b two c\ntries--,turkey & ,p]sia--& only a portion ( ei!r4 ,x does n ext5d f>!r nor? ?an ! ,caspian m\nta9s & ! ,black sea1 ea/ ?an ! ,m$it]ranean sea1 we/ ?an ! ,caspian sea1 & s\? ?an ! ,p]sian gulf & ,arabia4 ,turki/an1 ,afghani/an1 & ,beloo*i/an =m ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,p]sia4 ,! tw5ty-six feet ?ree in*es ( ! rise ( wat] 9 consequ5ce ( ! ra9 c\ld n h ext5d$ beyond ! limits indicat$ above4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! deluge !re 7 imm5se c\ntries ea/ ( ,turki/an1 ,afghani/an1 & ,beloo*i/an--,russia nor?1 ! ,*9ese empire & ,h9do/an f>!/ s\?4 ,europe & ,africa c\ld n be rea*$4 ,s t all liv+ sub/ance 0 n de/roy$ & c\ld n be de/roy$4 ,nor 0 all liv+ sub/ance de/roy$ 9 ! c\ntry :]e ! flood occurr$1 because ^? liv+ on high table-l&s 7 out ( rea* ( ! flood4 ,we mu/ necess>ily draw our own conclusions z to ! tru? or falsity ( ! /atem5ts conta9$ 9 v]ses #ba1 #bb1 #bc4 ,"s de/ruction ( life may h tak5 place1 limit$ to ! locality4 ,!re are o!r evid5ces t g to %[ ! incorrectness ( ! scripture4 ,! ,h9doo era1 or ! era ( ! ,caleyung1 dates #cjja ,b4,c41 sev5 hundr$ & fifty-six ye>s be=e ! deluge4 ,?is c\ntry 0 fl\ri%+ at ! "t ( ! flood4 ,moreov]1 ! ,h9doos c\nt$ _! mon?s by ! progress ( ! sun ?r\gh ! ,zodiacs4 ,keep ! figures ( ! deluge 9 m9d1 #bcdh ,b4,c4 ,*9a1 nor? ( ,h9do/an & ea/ ( ! delug$ t]ritory1 0 fl\ri%+ #bgjj ,b4,c4 ,x 0 n t\*$ by ! flood4 ,x _h its own floods1 sep>ate & di/9ct f ,noah's4 ,9 #bcdg ,b4,c41 "o ye> aft] ! flood1 ,noah made w9e f grapes4 ,babylon 0 f\nd$ by ,belus #bbde ,b4,c4 ,a/ronomical obs]vations 7 made #bbcd ,b4,c4 ,bricks 7 made #bbdg ,b4,c4 ,babylon 0 built #bbdg ,b4,c4 ,all ?is region 0 9 a /ate ( civilization "o hundr$ ye>s lat]1 :5 all m5 _h be5 de/roy$1 & ! region _h be5 "u wat] tw5ty-six feet ?ree in*es = "o hundr$ & fifty days4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s seems a long "t1 & a great deal c be done1 t's true4 ,9 ^? days civilization 0 exce$+ly sl[4 ,p did n progress s rapidly z we d 9 ?is ,new ,_w4 ,!re are regions :]e h>dly any progress has be5 made4 ,!y are at a /&/ill1 z x is t]m$4 ,! p live1 fe$1 & die4 ,! inconsi/5cy1 ! untru?1 ( ! /ory ( ! deluge w be palpable to ev]yone1 if he or %e w take ! tr\ble to exam9e ! geographical1 physical1 & hi/orical facts4 ,i especially call ! att5tion ( hy/]ical1 fanatical !ologians1 sup]naturali/s1 & ! :ole prie/ly class1 to ! decl>ation t ,god _h no?+ to d ) ?is deluge2 t ! ,god 9 :om !y believe mu/ be an ass to ?9k t he c dr[n out ! :ole t]re/rial globe ) =ty days & nights' ra91 ) a rise ( wat] ( tw5ty-six feet ?ree in*es4 ,x is impossible to ent] into e detail 9 ?is brief /atem5t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ample pro( t a g5]al deluge nev] occurr$1 & t all animals1 :e!r m5 or bea/s1 7 nev] de/roy$4 ,h[ mu* honor x w\ld reflect = a conv5tion ( cl]gym51 or a ga!r+ ( ar*bi%ops 9 sa9tly conclave assembl$1 to solemnly decl>e ! :ole beg9n+ ( ,g5esis a fabrication1 a fiction1 a fable--t ,god _h no?+ to d ) any su* p]=mance2 t ,god c\ld n d any?+ s fooli%2 t ,god nev] did any?+ contr>y to ! laws ( nature2 t nei!r ,god nor man c\ld1 if !y wi%$1 d any?+ contr>y to ! laws ( nature4 ,& t ,we1 ! ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 & cl]gy 9 g5]al1 fur!r decl>e & av]1 t we1 ! sacr$ repres5tatives ( ! ignorant masses1 no long] believe t ,god1 ! s-call$ fa!r almighty1 creat$ ei!r heav5 or e>?1 or bea/ or man1 or any?+2 t we repudiate1 d5y1 & reject all ( ! /atem5ts made 9 ! book call$ ! ,bible2 t we d n believe 9 any sup]natural int]f]5ce2 t we h err$ & h mis9/ruct$ & misguid$ ! masses2 t ! :ole /ory is false1 frivol\s1 & incr$ible2 t nei!r ! creation1 z recit$1 nor ! deluge1 or any "p !re(1 z describ$1 is true4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,scriptural ,,god--,,! ,,creation4 ,! ,*aldeans 7 und\bt$ly great admir]s ( nature at ! "t we fir/ he> ! "n ( ,abraham m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,bible1 ab\t ! ye> #aiba ,b4,c4 ,! p _h already arriv$ at a high degree ( civilization4 ,! c\ntry belong$ to ! ,assyrian empire "u ,n9us ! ,jupit]1 #bjfi ,b4,c4 ,h[ long ?is section ( c\ntry _h be5 populat$1 & its inhabitants "u a prop] =m ( gov]nm5t1 we h no record--9 all probability1 = _m c5turies4 ,! ,*aldeans _h already inv5t$ a judicial a/rology1 :i* 0 transmitt$ to ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans4 ,! sci5ce ( a/ronomy 0 kn[n to !m1 & ( x !re are records z e>ly z #bbcd ,b4,c4 ,! sci5ce ( ari?metic 0 us$ by !m--9 all probability inv5t$ by !m2 conc]n+ x we h no?+ record$4 ,! k+dom ( ,babylon exi/$ #bbde ,b4,c4 ,an art ( ar*itecture ( "s k9d 0 already 9 use among its p1 z we see f ! fact t !y _h built important /ructures4 ,we h no records z to ! pr(ici5cy !y _h arriv$ at 9 any o!r bran* ( sci5ce or art4 ,t ! art ( writ+ 0 kn[n to !m is probable1 o!rwise !y c\ld n h record$ c]ta9 facts ab\t a/ronomy4 ,! cr$it ( fir/ us+ hi]oglyphics1 #bbab ,b4,c41 is giv5 to ,a?ates1 or ,h]mes1 ! ,egyptian4 ,! correct division ( ! days ( ! week1 ! mon?s1 & ! seasons may probably h be5 kn[n to !m1 ?\gh ! ,jews take ! cr$it4 ,t ^! ,*aldeans 7 great obs]v]s w n be disput$--o!rwise !y c\ld n h discov]$ ! fix$ />s1 planet>y sy/em1 etc4 ,t !y mu/ h _h consid]able intellectual qualities--p]ceptive p[]s & skill 9 reason+--develop$ w be admitt$1 inasmu* z !y 7 ! inv5tors ( a/rology1 & ( :at m we h no k4 ,!y 7 great admir]s ( nature4 ,we may inf] t f ! fact t !y 7 /ud5ts ( a/ronomy1 acute & close obs]v]s ( nature4 ,:at my?s or fables !y _h1 we h at ! pres5t "t no idea4 ,we h no hi/orical k ( ^! p4 ,we "k v little ( _! mann]s1 culture1 sci5ce1 arts1 degree ( civilization4 ,o!r ev5ts occurr$ ab\t t p]iod4 ,a ,pho5ician colony "u ,p>?olani l&$ 9 ,irel& #bjdh ,b4,c4 ,9 #bbjg ,b4,c4 ! gov]nm5t ( ,*9a 0 e/abli%$--x _h an imp]ial dyna/y4 ,fohi 0 ! ,*9ese mon>*4 ,9 #bjhi ,b4,c4 ,sicyon 0 k+ ( ,greece4 ,9 #bahh ,b4,c4 ,egypt 0 e/abli%$4 ,9 #bjhe ,b4,c4 ,egypt 0 conqu]$ by ! %eph]d k+s ( ,pho5icia4 ,9 #aiih ,b4,c4 ,*+ ,hong tea*es ! ,*9ese ! art ( husb&ry1 & ! me?od ( mak+ bread f :eat & w9e f rice4 ,9 #bjie ,b4,c4 pyramids & canals 9 ,egypt4 ,! sci5ce ( geometry beg9s to be cultivat$4 ,9 #bajj ,b4,c4 sculpture & pa9t+ are employ$ to commemorate ! exploits ( ,asym&yas4 ,we h no difficulty 9 arriv+ at a conclusion t consid]able progress _h be5 made 9 ! art ( gov]nm5t1 9 ! political & social _w1 9 ! arts & sci5ces1 & also 9 ! moral & religi\s dep>tm5ts ( life4 ,z to :atev] my?s & fables !y _h1 ( _! orig9 we "k v little1 or ,i may say no?+4 ,! /ory ( ! creation & ! deluge is 9 all probability native to ! soil4 ,! deluge 0 9 all likelihood a local affair--an ov]fl[ ( ! riv] ,euphrates or ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia4 ,:e!r x ra9$ =ty days & nights or m1 wat] en\gh c\ld n fall to ! gr\nd to d any s]i\s damage1 beyond ! locality :]e x occurr$4 ,x w\ld be n amiss ev5 = ! mo/ pi\s1 ,god-fe>+ man to und]/& t ! ra9wat] t falls to ! surface ( ! e>? 0 orig9ally tak5 f ! wat]s t are f\nd on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! actual quantity ( wat] on ! e>? 0 no m aft] ! flood1 or aft] any flood1 ?an be=e4 ,! wat] *anges position f "o locality to ano!r2 x does n increase or dim9i% 9 quantity1 :e!r x consolidates1 evaporates1 or liquefies4 ,:atev] elem5t>y =m x may assume1 ! law ( gravitation holds its elem5ts d[n to "m e>?4 ,! idea ent]ta9$ by _m !ologians1 t ! :ole e>? 0 cov]$ ) wat]1 is absurd4 ,we h n wat] en\gh on ! surface ( ?is e>? to s]ve any su* purpose4 ,?is problem is j z feasible z try+ to dr[n a man 9 two in*es ( wat]--attempt+ to cov] ! entire e>? ) ! wat] t is ^u x4 ,f hi/orical evid5ce we ga!r t ! p t inhabit$ ?is region occupi$ _! "t *iefly ) rais+ cattle1 & 7 prone bo? to ! obs]vation ( nature & to sup]/ition4 ,! n]v\s sy/em _h at ?is "t und]gone consid]able tra9+ & culture4 ,_! faculties 7 already develop$4 ,!y discuss$ & reason$ ab\t curr5t subjects1 especially ab\t ^? subjects :i* 7 ne>e/ & de>e/ to !m--religion & politics4 ,& we are /ill discuss+ ! same subjects ) z mu* eag]ness1 acrimony1 & hate z ^! ,*aldean %eph]ds did4 ,!y 7 ador]s ( nature1 :i* 0 p]fectly 9 h>mony ) _! occupation4 ,! beauties1 ! phases1 ! ph5om5a ( nature1 ^! !y c\ld n expla94 ,ignorant ( _! "* & composition1 n und]/&+ ! natural1 !y reason$ !mselves into conclusions t !re mu/ be a p[] beyond t sets all ^! ?+s 9 motion4 ,!y knew no?+ ( ,god4 ,9 all probability !y creat$ no?+ new1 b may h modifi$ :atev] 0 h&$ d[n to !m by _! =e-fa!rs--notions1 cu/oms1 well-outl9$ rules ( conduct1 obs]vances1 policy1 gov]nm5t1 etc4 ,! wis] & be/-in/ruct$ portion ( ! community select$ ^? ?+s t to !m 7 mo/ b5eficial1 & = :i* !y ?\ght !y ought to be grateful--9 _! wond]m5t & admiration !y made selection ( t :i* 0 to !m mo/ /rik+--& ?is gradually l$ to a sy/ematization ( c]ta9 qualities1 c]ta9 excell5ces4 ,all ?+s 9 nature are object-tea*]s4 ,:5 we h se5 a ?+ sev]al times1 we "k x--le>n its qualities1 etc4 ,s ! =efa!rs ( ! ,*aldeans1 admir+ nature1 came to recogniz+ :at 0 be/1 ei!r 9 !mselves or r\nd ab\t !m4 ,9 ord] to pres5t ^! ideas1 p[]s1 & excell5ces 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann] to ! s5ses1 symbolic repres5tations1 or typical =ms1 7 made1 ab\t 9 ! same or simil> mann] z play?+s are made to in/ruct & amuse *ildr54 ,all ! idols & my?ological gods are drawn f nature1 associat$ & end[$ ) su* qualities z ! human be+s _h f "t to "t atta9$4 ,! motives t sugge/$ ^! 7 j z pure z any motives are n[4 ,we h symbols & idols among u at ?is day1 f\r ?\s& ye>s lat]4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r x is ,*ri/ on a /ick1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y on a canvas1 or ! sacr$ he>t ( a sa9t1 x am\nts to precisely ! same ?+2 x is object-tea*+--an object-lesson4 ,^! ,*aldeans _h any numb] ( symbols & idols1 & m5 7 assign$ to wat* & gu>d !m4 ,!y _h _! c]emonies1 _! g[ns or prie/ly g>bs2 !y _h _! places = wor%ip1 out ( doors or indoors--ev]y?+ t gave beauty1 dignity1 & sanctity to _! p]=mances4 ,9 %ort1 we may conclude t !y _h :at may be call$ an e/abli%$ religion1 ) c]emonies1 sacrifices1 idols1 z well z social1 moral1 & political rules to gov]n !m4 ,!re 0 diss5sion 9 ^? days z !re is n[4 ,m5 diff]$1 argu$1 discuss$2 & diff]5ces arose4 ,new ideas 7 intol]at$ !n1 z !y are n[4 ,! old w\ld n yield to ! new4 ,wrangl+1 ang]1 passion1 jeal\sy1 l$ to new =mations1 antagoni/ic to ! old4 ,! old sy/ems _h 9 all probability gr[n corrupt1 dom9e]+1 cruel1 selfi%1 & rapaci\s4 ,a re=mation ( "s k9d 0 9 ord]4 ,m5 ( ability & sagacity began to gr[ skeptical z reg>ds ! quality & ability ( ^! num]\s idols4 ,some?+ simil> is agitat+ ! _w to-day4 ,d\btless x is always to be f\nd4 ,abraham 0 an agitator1 a re=m]1 if y w4 ,josephus ?us speaks ( him 7,*ap4 ,,vii73 ,he 0 a p]son ( great sagacity1 bo? = und]/&+ all ?+s & p]suad+ 8 he>]s1 & n mi/ak5 9 8 op9ions2 = :i* reason he began to h high] notions ( virtue ?an o!rs _h1 & he det]m9$ to r5ew & to *ange ! op9ions all m5 happ5$ !n to h conc]n+ ,god2 = he 0 ! fir/ t v5tur$ to publi% ?is notion3 ,t !re 0 b "o ,god1 ! creator ( ! univ]se2 & t z to o!r 7gods7 if !y contribut$ any?+ to ! happ9ess ( m51 ea* ( !m af=d$ x only accord+ to 8 appo9tm5t1 & n ( _! own p[]4 ,8 op9ion 0 d]iv$ f ! irregul> ph5om5a t 7 visible bo? at l& & sea1 z well z ^? t happ5$ to ! sun & moon & all ! heav5ly bodies4 ',if1' said he1 '^! bodies _h p[] ( _! own1 !y w\ld c]ta9ly take c>e ( _! own regul> motions2 b s9ce !y d n pres]ve su* regul>ity1 !y make x pla91 t s f> z !y cop]ate to our advantage1 !y d x n ( _! own abilities2 b z !y are subs]vi5t to him t comm&s !m1 to :om alone we ought ju/ly to (f] our honor & ?anksgiv+4' ,= :i* doctr9es :5 ! ,*aldeans1 & ! p ( ,mesopotamia1 rais$ a tumult aga9/ him1 he ?\ght fit to leave t c\ntry4 ,9 o!r words1 he 0 driv5 f 8 c\ntry = s$ition & h]esy1 :5 he 0 sev5ty-five ye>s old4 ,he settl$ d[n 9 a l& call$ ,canaan1 :]e he built an alt>1 & p]=m$ a sacrifice to ,god4 ,9 ?is mann] ,abraham began to cultivate a re=mation & religion among 8 own p1 :o 7 q num]\s4 ,! ,egyptians at ?is p]iod 7 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4 ,canaan 0 invad$ by fam9e4 ,s ,abraham w5t d[n to ,egypt1 bo? to p>take ( ! pl5ty !y enjoy$1 & to become an auditor = _! prie/s1 & to "k :at !y said conc]n+ ! gods2 design+ ei!r to foll[ !m1 if !y _h bett] notions ?an he1 or conv]t !m to a bett] way1 if 8 own notions prov$ ! tru]4 ,at ?is "t1 too1 mu* diss5sion1 qu>rel1 & antagonism exi/$ betwe5 ! religi\s ord]s1 & ,abraham 0 n go+ to lose su* an excell5t opportunity4 ,josephus describes ! condition ( affairs z foll[s3 ,= :]eas ! ,egyptians 7 =m]ly addict$ to diff]5t cu/oms1 & despis$ "o ano!r's sacr$ & accu/om$ rites1 & 7 v angry "o ) ano!r on t acc\nt1 ,abraham conf]r$ ) ea* ( !m1 & confut+ ! reason+ !y made use (1 e "o = _! own practices1 he demon/rat$ t su* reason+ 0 va9 & void ( tru?2 :]eupon he 0 admir$ by !m 9 ^? conf]5ces1 z a v wise man & ( great sagacity :5 he disc\rs$ on any subject he und]took2 & ?is n only 9 und]/&+ x1 b 9 p]suad+ o!r m5 also to ass5t to him4 ,he communicat$ to !m ari?metic1 & deliv]$ to !m ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 etc4 ,f9d+ p]haps t he c\ld n make proselytes he return$ to ,canaan4 ,he !re divid$ ! tract ( l& betwe5 himself & ,lot1 ea* "o pursu+ 8 own p>ticul> c\rse1 ,abraham ) 8 notions & ,lot ) 81 unable to agree4 ,an incid5t wor?y ( notice occurr$4 ,! ,assyrians made w> on a numb] ( k+s1 ! ,sodomites & ,lot among !m4 ,! ,assyrians conqu]$1 & ,lot1 among ! re/1 0 made captive4 ,abraham1 ) ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 m51 pursu$ ! ,assyrians1 slew !m1 captur$ all !y _h1 & ga9$ a signal victory--?us %[+ t ,abraham 0 a p[]4 ,lot's affairs ) 8 daught]s we pass ov]1 s9ce !y h no special int]e/ = u4 ,abraham _h sev]al wives or wom51 by :om he _h a numb] ( *ildr54 ,he _h six sons by ,katurah1 ,i%mael by ,hag>1 ,isaac by ,s>ah1 etc4 ,none ( ! sons adopt$ 8 me?od ( ?9k+ except ,isaac1 :o at ! age ( tw5ty-five 0 to h be5 sacrific$ to ,god4 ,isaac1 be+ a mild-mann]$ "y man1 g5]\s1 & ob$i5t to 8 fa!r's w1 readily cons5t$4 ,^u t1 ,abraham *ang$ 8 m9d4 ,isaac !n became ! heir bo? ( 8 prop]ty & ( 8 ideas conc]n+ ,god4 ,abraham _h two bro!rs1 ,nahor & ,h>on4 ,h>on left a son1 ,lot1 & two daught]s1 ,s>ai & ,mil*a4 ,nahor m>ri$ ,mil*a & ,abraham m>ri$ ,s>ai4 ,9 ?is mann] ! family conc5tration began4 ,& :5 ,isaac 0 =ty x 0 decid$ t he %\ld m>ry ! gr&daught] ( 8 bro!r ,nahor1 ,rebeka1 ! si/] ( ,laban4 ,isaac 9 turn made *oice ( ,jacob z heir to 8 ideas & prop]ty--:o took flight on acc\nt ( ,esau1 & l&$ safely at 8 uncle ,laban's h\se 9 ,mesopotamia4 ,jacob m>ri$ ,laban's daught]s1 ,leah & ,ra*el1 z well z _! h&maids1 ,zilpha & ,bilhah4 ,n[1 ,laban & 8 family 7 idolators4 ,s 7 ,esau & 8 family4 ,ra*el took along ) h] ! images ( ! gods :i*1 accord+ to _! laws1 !y us$ to wor%ip 9 _! own c\ntry1 etc4 ,jacob rais$ 8 *ildr5 /rict to ! rules laid d[n by 8 gr&fa!r & fa!r2 & ! views z reg>ds ! rites ( wor%ip & circumcision1 z well z ,god 9 ! ab/ract ) all ! c>nal passions & emotions ( man t =m]ly 7 ! attributes ( ! idols1 z also ! sacrifices4 ,! /ory ( ,joseph is too well kn[n to be repeat$4 ,x is q en\gh = our purpose t a fam9e drove ?is ,jacob's family1 z x did ,abraham1 to ,egypt1 :]e !y increas$ & multipli$ dur+ a p]iod ( ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s2 t ,joseph 0 fam\s 9 ! l&1 & ! k+ gave ,jacob & 8 *ildr5 leave to live 9 ,heliopolis--= 9 t city ! k+'s %eph]ds _h _! pa/urage4 ,?is 9 brief is ! /ory1 /ripp$ ( ! peculi> phraseology1 :i* no d\bt 0 9 ^? days cu/om>y4 ,! tr\ble _h begun ) ,t]ah1 ,abraham's fa!r1 :o hat$ ! ,*aldeans2 & ! ,*aldeans return$ ! same ) int]e/1 ,i suppose4 ,s !y mov$ to ,h>an 9 ,canaan & settl$ d[n on a tract ( l&1 by ! "r ( squatt] sov]eignty1 z x w\ld be call$ 9 our times4 ,t]ah1 ! fir/ squatt]1 turn$ ?is l& ov] z a h]itage to 8 son1 ,abraham2 ,abraham to ,isaac1 & ,isaac to ,jacob4 ,9 ?is mann] x became ! promis$ l&1 ! h]itage ( _! fa!rs4 ,x is no easy matt] to suppress & eradicate a practice1 a habit1 a cu/om1 once firmly +raft$ 9 a community4 ,prohibit x z mu* z y w1 x w be done secretly4 ,s aft] circumcis+ ! ,ham]ites & ,%e*emites1 ! sons ( ,jacob slaught]$ !m1 on acc\nt ( ! s$uction ( ,d9ah1 ,jacob's daught]4 ,he & 8 family _h to leave = fe> ( _! neighbors1 s ,jacob told 8 h\sehold to put away ! /range gods t 7 among !m1 & be clean & *ange y\r g>m5ts1 he said 7,g54 xxxv1 #b74 ,?is ab/ract idea ( ,god t ,abraham call$ into life 0 n s firmly root$ z might h be5 expect$4 ,! ta9t ( ! anci5t gods m or less rema9$ among !m & occasionally cropp$ up "h & !re 9 a mo/ prom95t mann]4 ,= f\r hundr$ ye>s we he> no?+ ( ,god or 8 work+s--:e!r ! ,jews fl\ri%$ or 7 oppress$--nor h ! o!r desc5dants ev] made m5tion4 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob call on ?is imag9>y god :5 9 an em]g5cy1 :5 "s task has to be accompli%$1 "s j\rney has to be und]tak51 or a battle has to be f\ght4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! p]iod !y 7 9 ,egypt1 not)/&+ !y 7 sorely oppress$1 ?is ,god paid no att5tion to !m1 until a man arose t produc$ a great crisis 9 ! affairs ( ?is p1 9 ! de/9y ( ?is family :i* _h gr[n into a nation4 ,?is 0 really ! fir/ re=mation--t is1 modification--( ! exi/+ religi\s practices--_! num]\s gods1 p]haps _! rites1 etc4 ,! sacrifices ! ,jews reta9$1 ) mo/ ( ! usages & prie/ly rituals4 ,h[ _m re=mations or modifications _h tak5 place be=e ,abraham ! re=m]1 we d n "k2 & h[ long ^! gods 7!y 7 v num]\s7 7 9 exi/5ce we "k /ill less4 ,! evolution ( ^! idols1 ! exi/+ gods1 did n take place all ( a sudd54 ,x may h tak5 ?\s&s ( ye>s = any?+ we "k4 ,x requir$ consid]able m5tal tra9+ to produce !m4 ,intellig5ce _h assum$ "s importance1 because ! p _h become pr(ici5t 9 argum5t1 skillful 9 reason+1 & obs]v]s ( nature4 ,! ord9>y b>b>ian possesses no su* capabilities4 ,8 bra9 is n suffici5tly cultur$4 ,s long z 8 wants are amply suppli$1 !re is no necessity to ex]t himself1 ! n]v\s sy/em lies inactive1 & ?is inactivity involves ! p]petuation ( ignorance4 ,we may reasonably presume t ^! ,*aldeans1 ^! %eph]ds1 _h ?r\gh _m c5turies ( sl[ culture acquir$ ! k !y possess$1 ! cu/oms & habits !y practic$1 ! laws !y promulgat$1 & ! rules ( conduct enact$ bo? = social & political purposes4 ,& any innovation on ! e/abli%$ laws 0 resi/$ & puni%$1 pretty mu* z x is to-day4 ,s :5 ,abraham1 or ,t]ah 8 fa!r be=e him1 />t$ ! re=mation1 x caus$ a good deal ( commotion & al>m4 ,! uphold]s ( ! settl$ /ate ( affairs 7 %ock$4 ,ang]1 passion1 p>tisan%ip1 ran _! c\rse !n1 z !y d n[4 ,^! idolators 7 j z intol]ant !n z ,*ri/ians are to-day4 ,x 0 ei!r submit or leave4 ,?us ,abraham's & ,t]ah's leav+ ! l& ( _! fa!rs & settl+ on a tract ( l& :]e !y c\ld cultivate _! new idea1 _! new ,god1 0 )\t any special act1 )\t miracle1 )\t sup]naturalism1 )\t my/]y1 p]fectly human1 p]fectly natural4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,god--,,abraham4 ,god1 su* ,god z we "k ( n[1 l all o!r ?+s & be+s on ?is t]re/rial globe 0 evolv$ v1 v sl[ly 9 ! m9ds ( man--crude1 ill-%ap51 ill-fa%ion$1 grotesque1 b>b>\s1 savage1 semi-civiliz$3 h>moniz+ ) 8 exi/+ m5tal condition & all 8 surr\nd+s2 a product ( man's rud5ess1 ( 8 uncultur$ nature1 8 inexp]i5c$ special s5ses1 ) 8 n]v\s sy/em j em]g+ f an in/9ctive animal life to a grade or two above its =m] intellig5ce--! fir/ /ep t[>ds real humanity4 ,god 0 n always pres5t$ to humanity 9 8 pres5t guise4 ,oh1 no2 ev]yone ) a mod]ate degree ( intellig5ce :o *ooses to exam9e ! records w f9d t ,god has und]gone va/ & important *anges--*anges 9 t5d5cies & "*1 con=m+ ) ! progressive or retrogressive =ms ( political & social life ( ! v>i\s communities1 correspond+ ) ! p]iods ( ! "t 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,! idea1 9 its prim>y conception1 0 sl[ly evolv$1 )\t special mean+ or signification1 d>k1 my/]i\s1 incompreh5sible4 ,we may say1 h[ev]1 t ?is idea ( ,god 0 end[$ ) *>act]i/ics be/ kn[n to m51 b ( a high] quality ?an ord9>ily !n exi/+2 l>gely reflect+ _! mak]s1 an embodim5t ( _! own p[]s & capabilities4 ,!re 0 a "t1 no matt] h[ remote1 :5 !re 7 creatures resembl+ ! pres5t =m ( man b ( inf]ior n]v\s developm5t1 t _h no k ( ei!r ,god or religion4 ,nor _h man 9 ^? ages any m intellig5ce ?an he _h acquir$ by exp]i5ce1 or 0 necess>y = 8 imm$iate use4 ,x improv$ z ! exig5cies ( 8 wants arose1 fre% exp]i5ce lead+ to new obs]vations1 sl[ly add+ to ! already accumulat$ /ock4 ,! intellig5ce ( to-day w\ld h be5 useless a hundr$ ye>s ago1 to ! same race ev51 & ( less use /ill two hundr$ ye>s ago1 & s on4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r man at fir/ 0 ev5 consci\s ( 8 own exi/5ce1 any m ?an ! high] type ( brute life4 ,?is consci\sness sl[ly dawn$ ^u him z 8 intellig5ce increas$4 ,a *ild is n consci\s ( its own exi/5ce4 ,x exi/s s long z ! necess>y mat]ial is contribut$ t[>ds its exi/5ce1 or until x has gr[n /rong en\gh to contribute t[>ds its own4 ,x may aft] a :ile acquire intellig5ce suffici5t to become consci\s ( its own exi/5ce or n4 ,! same rule holds good among ! types ( man su* z we f9d on e>? at ! pres5t "t4 ,dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( man's exi/5ce1 ! muscul> p[]s 7 ex]cis$ mo/1 we may say almo/ exclusively1 ! special s5ses s]v+ 9 _! function z a guide = ^? p[]s1 ) ! degree ( intellig5ce obta9$ f ! numb] ( impressions receiv$4 ,^! s5ses _h acquir$ _! sev]al exp]i5ces f ! necessities t f "t to "t 7 made manife/4 ,!re are writ]s :o make use ( extraord9>y expressions 9 reg>d to nature1 z = example1 t ,nature is mighty1 beautiful1 wise1 etc4 ,nature is mighty only "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,peculi> comb9ations ( elem5ts are ess5tial4 ,! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! sun's heat plays always an important "p4 ,nature's be+ beautiful dep5ds l>gely ^u ! education ( ! s5ses1 ! capability ( disc]n+ symmetry1 h>mony1 color1 etc41 & ?is is acquir$ by comp>ison1 ta/e1 & habit4 ,:at /rikes "o eye z beautiful1 may h j a contr>y effect on ano!r1 or be pass$ ) p]fect indiff]5ce by a ?ird4 ,z to wisdom1 nature c be wise only ?r\gh a cultur$1 well-educat$1 ev5ly balanc$ m9d4 ,! expression is applicable only to man4 ,wisdom is a p>ticul> quality em95tly & evid5tly ! product ( a highly tra9$ n]v\s sy/em4 ,x is n an easy task at ! pres5t "t to unravel ! m5tal process ( ! e>lie/ races ( man t fir/ l$ to ! =mation & ! adoption ( ! idea t some?+ exi/$ m pot5t & m p[]ful ?an !mselves4 ,yet if we c>efully exam9e ! m5tal condition ( "s ( ! wild1 b>b>\s nations exi/+ at ! pres5t "t1 we may inf]1 ) a reasonable degree ( accuracy1 ! m5tal process ! e>lie/ races ( man 7 capable (4 ,races or tribes1 no matt] h[ l[ 9 ! scale ( civilization1 t 7 p]fectly secure 9 _! possessions1 amply provid$ by nature aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( o!r races1 man or animals1 exi/$ "r along p]fectly cont5t1 ex]t+ !mselves j en\gh to ga!r 9 ^? sub/ances :i* !y f\nd contributive to ! su/5ance ( _! lives4 ,! surplus "t 0 sp5t 9 gambol+1 frisk+1 play+1 amus+ !mselves 9 _! primitive condition l *ildr5 ( nature z !y 74 ,progress !y made none4 ,!re 0 no occasion = x4 ,_! s5ses 7 ex]cis$ to ! ext5t ( _! imm$iate wants & no m4 ,! natural head ( ! family or tribe 0 ! olde/1 ! fa!r4 ,he controll$ or gov]n$ 8 desc5dants4 ,s long z ! fa!r 0 able to ex]cise 8 supreme p[] he 0 ! recogniz$ head1 advis]1 lead]1 etc4 ,:ile 9 ?is condition1 ! primitive cu/oms1 habits1 or usages practic$ 9 _! natural mode ( liv+ began1 & cont9u$ ) v few *anges = ages4 ,_! language 0 z simple & crude z _! mode ( life1 j suffici5t = _! wants4 ,?is mode ( communication orig9at$ ma9ly f ! necessities ( life1 z hung]1 dang]1 pleasure1 protection1 surprise1 fe>1 etc4 ,= all ^! !y f\nd expressions1 s\nds t convey$ ! notions to "o ano!r1 q intelligible among !mselves4 ,!y adopt$ names = ?+s & be+s ) :i* !y came 9 contact 9 _! daily lives1 & = su* in/rum5ts1 ut5sils1 & clo?+ z !y f "t to "t inv5t$ or discov]$ by accid5t4 ,! s\nds t express$ _! imm$iate necessity ( communicat+ ) "o ano!r1 _! wants--! cries ( call1 pa91 etc4--_h no =m 9 p>ticul>1 no grammatical con/ruction1 no rules4 ,_! emotions & passions 7 limit$1 because !y knew no wants1 no conflicts1 o!r ?an ^? t arise f feel+s inspir$ by _! five s5ses4 ,& !y really _h language en\gh = all purposes--suitable & ample = _! condition 9 life4 ,arts & sci5ces !y _h none4 ,_! simple dome/ic arrangem5ts 7 z primitive z !y 74 ,_! furniture consi/$ ( little or no?+4 ,cook+ ut5sils !y ne$$ none4 ,!re 0 no occasion to cook2 nature's food 0 ample4 ,?is !y collect$1 select$1 & f$ ^u4 ,clo?+ !y _h no use =1 9 ! w>m climate !y liv$ 94 ,!y 7 clad 9 nature's g>b1 male & female alike4 ,innoc5ce & virtue 0 well und]/ood among !m4 ,!y 7 moral 9 _! way1 committ$ no wrong--!re 0 no occasion = x4 ,!re 0 pl5ty = ev]yone4 ,! l>d]s ( nature 7 free1 op51 & pl5tiful4 ,!re=e all 7 satisfi$ & happy4 ,weal? or prop]ty !y _h4 ,all !y survey$ 0 !irs4 ,:at belong$ to "o belong$ to ! o!r4 ,m9e & ?9e 0 unkn[n4 ,! m civiliz$ qualifications ( prop]ty "r develop$ _m c5turies lat]4 ,comm]ce !y knew no?+ (4 ,!re 0 no ne$ = t1 s9ce furniture1 ut5sils1 implem5ts ( agriculture1 weapons1 clo?+ ( any k9d1 !y _h no use =4 ,!y _h no laws--nor law-mak]s1 nor ju/ices1 nor judges1 nor any (ficials kn[n 9 lat] times4 ,& :at is m1 !y _h no ,god1 or idol1 or my?1 or symbol1 or wor%ip1 or pray] or religion1 or s\l1 or _s4 ,nor did !y "k any?+ ab\t :at we indicate by ! epi!ts physical or metaphysical1 nei!r !ological nor psy*ological1 nei!r gno/ic nor agno/ic4 ,!y did n "k ( any ( ^? ?+s4 ,^! 7 evolv$ & inv5t$ lat]1 z ! necessities & exig5cies arose1 z _! wants increas$1 & circum/ances *ang$ f int]nal to ext]nal conditions4 ,consequ5tly1 _! language 0 limit$4 ,!y made use ( a limit$ numb] ( words1 or produc$ articulate s\nd en\gh to express j :at !y want$1 & no m4 ,!y may h _h two or ?ree hundr$ diff]5t words or s\nds 9 use4 ,we h m5 to-day among u t h n _m m words at comm&1 & _! ideas g5]ally correspond 9 numb] & quality to _! /ock ( words4 ,! /ock ( words & ! /ock ( ideas always dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( exp]i5ce & ! am\nt ( ex]cise ! five s5ses h _h2 toge!r ) ! urg5cies & difficulties !y h _h to cont5d )4 ,! p[] ( obs]vation is develop$ 9 accordance z ! opportunities arise4 ,ea* p>ticul> special s5se develops its own faculties1 f ! practice1 use1 & exp]i5ce ( t s5se1 ! role x is call$ ^u to play z necessities arise4 ,& z ea* object is p]ceiv$ or obs]v$ by ! special s5se1 x is record$1 a picture ( ! same is reta9$ 9 ! great n]v\s /oreh\se = future ref]5ce4 ,! ret5tion & recognition ( ! same goes to ! =mation ( memory4 ,z ! /ock ( objects increases1 words or s\nds designat+ ! same also increase 9 numb]1 & ! mat]ial = ! =mation ( ideas is also l>gely increas$4 ,ideas c be =m$ only ab\t su* ?+s z we "k1 or r su* ?+s z any "o special s5se has be5 impress$ )1 has p]ceiv$ & recogniz$4 ,^? ?+s or be+s by :i* any "o s5se has n be5 impress$1 ! m9d nei!r has p]ceiv$ nor is able to recognize4 ,ev]yone1 :e!r b>b>ian or civiliz$1 is p]fectly famili> ) ^? ?+s or be+s t imm$iately surr\nd him--t is1 all ^? ?+s & be+s :i* ! s5ses h already be5 impress$ )1 p]ceiv$ & recogniz$4 ,s\nds1 or words1 h be5 inv5t$ to designate all su*2 & ^! are kn[n2 ! picture repres5t+ any "o object is reta9$1 /or$ away 9 ! great n]v\s /oreh\se1 ! bra9--are rememb]$4 ,! (t5] a ?+ is p]ceiv$1 ! m famili> x becomes & ! m easily recogniz$1 ! firm] x becomes fix$ & ! m easily x is recollect$4 ,?us primitive man1 ) 8 few wants1 & ^! wants amply suppli$ by nature1 _h or inv5t$ names = all ( !m4 ,^! =m$ ! e>lie/ collection ( names ( objects--_! appe>ance1 _! actions1 _! habits1 etc4 ,all ^! qualities 7 associat$1 id5tifi$1 & pres5t$ by words1 9 due "t1 )\t ! pres5ce ( ! objects4 ,t is to say1 ! simple/ ideas 7 9 ?is mann] =m$1 & ! ideas s =m$ correspond$ ) ! numb] ( words1 & ! numb] ( words correspond$ ) ! numb] ( impressions receiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,ea* s5se pres5ts its %>e--"o s5se m1 ano!r less4 ,a p]son may h receiv$ a l>ge numb] ( impressions on ! organ ( vision--a pa9t]1 = in/ance--& may h /or$ away a weal? ( arti/ic k1 yet ! s5se ( he>+ may be exce$+ly poor 9 ! numb] ( impressions receiv$4 ,su* an individual w\ld be ri* 9 arti/ic ideas b comp>atively poor 9 musical ideas4 ,s x is ) all ! special s5ses4 ,ea* s5se receives impressions on its own acc\nt4 ,x has its own special n]v\s c5t]1 & ^! special c5t]s aga9 are closely connect$ ) ! great mass ( bra9 matt]4 ,collectively !y h = _! function1 to receive impressions1 reta9 !m1 /ore !m away1 recollect !m1 & reproduce !m by articulate s\nd1 or to recognize !m4 ,9 ?is process !n we h ! =mation ( idea1 memory1 ?\ght2 recollection is ! endeavor to call back1 or =m a figure (1 an object once already p]ceiv$--felt by ! s5ses4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,moses4--,,! ,,confirmation ,,( ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god4 ,we w "h sket* ! milit>y c>e] ( ,moses4 ,we omit ! e>ly incid5ts ( ! life ( ,moses--8 *ildhood1 8 gr[?1 8 education--& beg9 ) 8 active life4 ,& ! occasion he laid hold ( 0 ?is3 ,! ,e?iopians1 :o are next neighbors to ! ,egyptians1 made an inroad into _! c\ntry1 :i* !y seiz$ ^u1 & c>ri$ (f ! effects ( ! ,egyptians1 :o 9 _! rage1 f\ght aga9/ !m1 & rev5g$ ! affronts !y _h receiv$ f !m2 b be+ ov]come 9 battle "s ( !m 7 sla91 & ! re/ ran away 9 a %ameful mann]1 & by t means sav$ !mselves1 :]eupon ! ,e?iopians foll[$ aft] !m 9 ! pursuit1 & ?9k+ t x w\ld be an act ( c[>dice if !y did n subdue all ,egypt1 !y w5t on to subdue ! re/ ) great] vehem5ce2 & :5 !y _h ta/$ ! sweets ( ! c\ntry1 !y nev] left (f ! prosecution ( ! w>2 & z ! ne>e/ p>ts _h n c\rage en\gh at fir/ to fight ) !m1 !y proce$$ z f> z ,memphis1 & ! sea itself1 :ile n "o ( ! cities 0 able to oppose !m4 ,! ,egyptians1 "u ?is sad oppression1 betook !mselves to _! oracles & prophecies 7,josephus1 ,*4 ,x74 ,moses !reupon 0 appo9t$ g5]al ( ! ,egyptian army aga9/ ! ,e?iopians1 & conqu]$ !m 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,b ,moses prev5t$ ! enemies1 & took & l$ 8 army1 be=e ^? enemies 7 appris$ ( 8 attack+ !m2 = he did n m>* by ! riv]1 b by l&1 :]e he gave a wond]ful demon/ration ( 8 sagacity2 = :5 ! gr\nd 0 difficult to be pass$ ov]1 because ( ! multitude ( s]p5ts1 :i* x produces 9 va/ numb]s1 & inde$ is s+ul> 9 "s ( ^! productions1 :i* o!r c\ntries d n bre$1 444 ,:5 he _h !re=e proce$$ ?us on 8 j\rney he came ^u ! ,e?iopians be=e !y expect$ him2 & jo9+ battle ) !m1 he beat !m1 & depriv$ !m ( ! hopes !y _h ( success aga9/ ! ,egyptians1 & w5t on 9 ov]turn+ _! cities1 & inde$ made great slaught] ( ^! ,e?iopians4 ,n[ :5 ! ,egyptian army _h once ta/$ ( ?is prosp]\s success by ! means ( ,moses1 !y did n slack5 _! dilig5ce1 insomu* t ! ,e?iopians 7 9 dang] ( be+ r$uc$ to slav]y1 & all sorts ( de/ruction4 ,& at l5g? !y retir$ to ,saba1 :i* 0 ! royal city ( ,e?iopia1 :i* ,cambyses aft]w>ds nam$ ,m]oe1 aft] ! "n ( 8 own si/]4 ,?is place 0 to be besieg$ ) v great difficulty1 s9ce x 0 bo? compass$ by ! ,nile q r\nd1 & ! o!r riv]s ,a/apus & ,a/aboms made x a v difficult ?+ = su* z attempt$ to pass ov] !m2 = ! city 0 situate 9 a retir$ place1 & 0 inhabit$ aft] ! mann] ( an isl&1 be+ encompass$ by a /rong wall1 & hav+ ! riv]s to gu>d !m f _! enemies1 & hav+ great ramp>ts betwe5 ! wall & ! riv]s1 insomu*1 t :5 ! wat]s come ) ! greate/ viol5ce1 x c nev] be dr[n$2 :i* ramp>ts make x next to impossible = ev5 su* z are gott5 ov] ! riv]s to take ! city4 ,h[ev]1 :ile ,moses 0 uneasy at ! army's ly+ idle 7= ! enemies dur/ n come to battle71 an accid5t happ5$3 ,?>bis 0 ! daught] ( ! k+ ( ! ,e?iopians2 %e happ5$ to see ,moses z he l$ 8 army ne> ! walls1 & f\ght ) good c\rage1 & admir+ ! subtlety ( 8 und]tak+s1 %e believ$ him to be ! au?or ( ! ,egyptians' success1 :5 !y _h be=e despair$ ( recov]+ _! lib]ty1 & to be ! occasion ( ! great dang] ! ,e?iopians 7 91 :5 !y _h be=e boa/$ ( _! great a*ievem5ts1 %e fell deeply 9 love ) him2 & ^u ! preval5cy ( t passion1 s5t to him ! mo/ fai?ful ( all h] s]vants to disc\rse ) him ^u _! m>riage4 ,he !reupon accept$ ! (f] on condition %e w\ld procure ! deliv]+ up ( ! city2 & gave h] ! assurance ( an oa? to take h] to be 8 wife1 & t :5 he _h once tak5 possession ( ! city1 he w\ld n break 8 oa? to h]4 ,no soon] 0 ! agreem5t made1 b x took effect imm$iately2 & :5 ,moses _h cut (f ! ,e?iopians1 he gave ?anks to ,god1 & consummat$ 8 m>riage1 & l$ ! ,egyptians back to _! own l& 7,josephus1 ,*ap4 ,v47 ,^! are simple facts1 :]e9 ,god plays no "p4 ,x is a human transaction1 a conflict ( =ces2 ! /ronge/ & mo/ skillful w9s4 ,& :5 ! la/ place ( refuge1 ! =tress1 is besieg$1 & ! ,e?iopians are ?or\ghly beat51 ! place seem+ impregnable1 ! army disc\rag$1 a woman1 ! k+'s daught]1 betrays x1 & ,moses is victori\s4 ,!rmutis1 8 "m by adoption1 rais$ him & educat$ him aft] ! mann] ( pr9ces4 ,he 0 a great favorite4 ,h] influ5ce gave him n only h] protection1 advice1 & in=mation1 b o!r great advantages su* z no o!r be+ c\ld obta91 %e be+ con/antly at c\rt & a si/] to ! k+4 ,x 0 no small glory1 z well z exp]i5ce1 he reap$4 ,t conque/ made him ! fir/ man 9 ! l&4 ,t jeal\sies1 antagonism & hatr$ 7 eng5d]$ aga9/ him by 8 rivals1 t conspiracies 7 =m$1 may readily be imag9$1 & t f9ally 8 life 0 ?reat5$4 ,f9d+ x r dang]\s to rema9 9 ! c\ntry1 s9ce he 0 be+ closely wat*$1 & all ! roads 7 gu>d$1 & be+ no d\bt fully in=m$ ( ! plot1 ,moses fl$4 ,he took flight ?r\gh ! des]ts1 :]e 8 enemies c\ld n suspect he w\ld travel2 ?\gh he 0 de/itute ( food1 he w5t on1 & despis$ t difficulty c\rage\sly 7,jos474 ,moses 0 born 9 #aega ,b4,c41 & 0 made g5]al ( ! ,egyptian army :5 he 0 ab\t ?irty-five or ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 #aeca ,b4,c4 he fl$ f ,egypt & arriv$ at ,midian4 ,he made ! acqua9tance ( a prie/ nam$ ,raguel or ,je?ro--8 future fa!r-9-law1 = he m>ri$ ,zipporah1 ,je?ro's daught]4 ,a>on1 8 bro!r1 ?ree ye>s old]1 be+ born #aegd ,b4,c41 mu/ h be5 a man ( consid]able influ5ce4 ,he rema9$ dur+ ,moses's abs5ce 9 ,egypt4 ,! exodus ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt took place 9 #adia4 ,d>+ 8 =ty ye>s' /ay ) ,je?ro he m9d$ 8 cattle ne> ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :]e _m suppos$ wond]s are relat$ to h occurr$4 ,t ,moses 0 n idle is self-evid5t4 ,a man ( t p>ticul> type c\ld n rema9 inactive4 ,:at took place betwe5 him & ,a>on or betwe5 him & ,!rmutis 8 /epmo!r is n record$ 9 hi/ory4 ,t "s sy/ematic organization did take place is v probable4 ,t all foll[$ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( human ev5ts1 is to be presum$4 ,& t ! plans 7 laid & matur$1 h[ ^! p 7 to be mold$ into a nation1 & 9 :at mann] !y 7 to leave ,egypt1 we _c h a reasonable d\bt4 ,x is m ?an likely t aft] ! successful conque/1 he 0 fir$ ) ! ambition to become a rul] himself4 ,envy & jeal\sy prev5t$ 8 ev] assum+ ! cr[n ( ,egypt1 b :at 0 to h9d] him becom+ ! head & lead] ( 8 own p8 ,9 8 solit>y w&]+s ab\t ,m\nt ,s9ai1 he 0 inspir$ ) ! ?\ght ( deliv]+ 8 own p1 especially z ! ,ph>aoh1 8 =m] protector1 0 dead4 ,hav+ all ! necess>y mat]ial at h& 9 c\rt & out ( c\rt1 he proce$$ to c>ry out 8 plans4 ,moses 0 ! man :o creat$ ,jehova4 ,ex4 vi1 #c3 ,& ,i appe>$ unto ,abraham & ,isaac1 & unto ,jacob by ! "n ( ,god almighty2 b by my "n ,jehova 0 ,i n kn[n to !m4 ,n likely6 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob 7 ( little or no culture4 ,!y 7 h]dsm5 :o simply diff]$ f _! neighbors by sub/itut+ an imag9>y ,god = ! num]\s images & idols t 7 !n 9 fa%ion4 ,!y _h n ! remote/ idea ( ! mean+ ( ! ,god !y wor%ip$1 su* z ,moses n[ put into ! ^w ,god4 ,x 0 no long] a m]e ab/ract copy ) him--a ?+ to dispute1 to reason1 to argue ab\t4 ,to ,moses x became a /]n reality4 ,! bra91 ! n]v\s sy/em1 ! s5ses1 ! faculties1 _h und]gone a revolution dur+ ! f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,moses1 ) all ! s*ola/ic advantages1 rais$ & educat$ to rule & gov]n man & nations1 ambiti\s = p[]1 a great g5]al1 a man ( det]m9ation & =ce1 a man t 0 capable ( plott+ aga9/ plott]s1 conspir+ aga9/ conspirators1 :o delib]ately & %rewdly w5t to "w to organize 8 p--he conceiv$ !n ! idea t ! simple old-fa%ion$ ,adonay--,"l--_h lo/ its importance1 be+ a common-place1 e-day ,god among ! ,hebrews4 ,he inv5t$ ! unpron\nceable ,jehova4 ,x makes little diff]5ce :5ce x is d]iv$1 :e!r f ,io1 ,jovis1 ,jupit]1 etc4 ,jehova & ,m\nt ,s9ai are insep>able4 ,moses knew e /one & crag ab\t t m\nta94 ,a man does n live ne> a m\nta91 especially a man ( great vigor1 action1 & intellect1 b t he obs]ves e nook1 e spot1 e footpa?1 & e turn4 ,! conception ( ,jehova orig9at$ at ,m\nt ,s9ai2 & lat] ! p[]1 ! e/abli%+ & ! realization1 ( 8 ambition1 ( 8 ,jehova1 took place4 ,! miracul\s pret5sions & ! wond]ful work+s t appe> 9 ! scriptural phraseology 7 no d\bt necess>y = ! purpose ( c>ry+ out ! s*eme ,moses _h concoct$4 ,9 mod]n times we c reg>d x only z a v peculi> me?od ( writ+ up a hi/ory4 ,moses _h 8 emiss>ies & lead]s among 8 p4 ,:5 !y 7 told ab\t ! wond]ful occurr5ces ab\t ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & :at ! ,great ,jehova said to ,moses1 ! /ory 0 rehe>s$ & repeat$--ab\t ! promis$ l&1 _! pres]vation1 _! lib]ty4 ,( c\rse1 :at c\ld !y d o!rwise ?an yield8 ,_! hopes 7 elat$1 & !y 7 really int]e/$1 & believ$ t ! ,god ( _! =efa!rs _h s5t ,moses z _! deliv]]4 ,moses _h already _! confid5ce by 8 pa/ hi/ory4 ,! h]o1 ! great conqu]or ( ! ,e?iopians1 ! savior ( ,egypt--t alone 0 an imm5se pre/ige4 ,b :5 x 0 ann\nc$ t ! ,jehova1 ! ,"l ,god1 etc41 _h said ?is & t to him1 t he comm&$ him to d ?is & t1 :]e is ! miracle1 :]e is ! wond]1 t !y obey$8 ,:5 ,moses f\nd t ! ,hebrews w\ld be ob$i5t to :atsoev] he %\ld direct1 z !y promis$ to be1 & 7 9 love ) lib]ty1 he began 8 negotiations ) ! k+ ( ,egypt1 :o _h b lately receiv$ ! gov]nm5t4 ,z to 8 conte/ ) ! ,egyptian prie/s 9 p]=m+ _! respective tricks1 call$ miracles1 :at wond] t ^! ignorant creatures believ$1 :5 we f9d /upid p en\gh ( all nations t believe 9 ! miracul\s cures ( an old rag1 purport+ to h belong$ to ,*ri/ or "s "o else8 ,:atev] 0 done1 & h[ x 0 done1 we %all nev] "k4 ,t !re 0 no?+ sup]natural ab\t ! transaction is absolutely c]ta94 ,! p may h believ$ x to be sup]natural1 z _m millions believe to ?is day4 ,y may believe a circle to be squ>e1 b t does n make x s4 ,! untutor$ bra9 is surpris$ at a trifle1 a/oni%$ at :at x does n und]/&1 & reg>ds e new trick z a miracle4 ,nei!r ,abraham1 ,isaac1 nor ,jacob c\ld p]=m miracles4 ,!y _h no use = !m1 knew no?+ ( !m1 & really _h n ! tal5t to produce !m4 ,miracles _h n be5 inv5t$1 or become ! fa%ion4 ,moses 0 und\bt$ly a pr(ici5t ma/] ( ! magic arts1 & accompli%$ 8 purpose !reby4 ,aft] all1 ^? p]=mances 7 simply a side-%[4 ,he knew ! /r5g? ( 8 p4 ,a g5]al ( 8 capacity does n und]take a task ( t magnitude )\t calculat+ ! conv9c+ =ce to back 8 dem&s4 ,six hundr$ ?\s& m5 on foot--besides *ildr5 & wom5--organiz$ "u lead]s1 & no d\bt equipp$ & ready = any em]g5cy--an army ( t size means a revolution ( no small importance to a /ate4 ,to av]t great] dang]1 ,egypt let !m g4 ,h5ce=? ,moses is ! imp]ial ma/] ( ! situation1 ! dictator1 ! rul]1 ! lawgiv]1 z det]m9$ z he is imp]i\s--,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god4 ,& ! man ,moses knew :at he 0 talk+ ab\t1 & ! class ( p he 0 talk+ to4 ,he 0 ! organiz] ( ! nation1 ! creator ( ,jehova1 ! intimate ( ,god4 ,no o!r man ?r\gh\t ! ,bible be=e or aft] ,moses pret5d$ to talk ) ,god face to face except ,moses4 ,& ,moses alone %all come ne> ! ,"l 7,ex4 xxiv1 #b74 ,& he took e c>e t no o!r man %\ld discov] 8 secret work+s4 ,i am t ,i am2 t is ,moses4 ,?us %alt ?\ say unto ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ,i ,,am ha? s5t me unto y 7,ex4 iii1 #ad74 ,:o b a man accu/om$ to comm& & be obey$ w\ld d>e use su* language8 ,moses 0 fully famili> ) ! locality2 & ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :]e he develop$ 8 s*eme1 he w\ld p]mit no "o to approa*4 ,take he$ to y\rself t ye g n up into ! m\nt1 or t\* ! bord] ( x2 :osoev] t\*e? ! m\nt %all be surely put to dea? 7,ex4 xix1 #ab74 ,he w\ld brook no nons5se4 ,he kept ^! poor ignoramuses 9 con/ant t]ror1 9 con/ant dread1 ( 8 ,jehova4 ,^! precautions 7 us$1 & t]rible ?+s ?reat5$1 s t no "o %\ld intrude ^u 8 privacy on ! m\nta91 & no d\bt 7 necess>y 9 ord] to secure 8 success4 ,we h no cle> acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! p left ,egypt4 ,! population mu/ h numb]$ close ^u ?ree millions4 ,?is is entirely omitt$4 ,:at ,god said to ,moses1 & ,moses said to ,god1 is cont9ually repeat$1 b hi/orical facts are want+4 ,we le>n "o important fact1 h[ev]--!y did n leave poor4 ,:5 !y dep>t$ f ,egypt ?is multitude _h to be kept busy1 o!rwise !y w\ld lose confid5ce 9 ,jehova & 9 ,moses1 & relapse into mak+ images4 ,:at k9d ( a ,god 0 ?is ,jehova8 ,9 ,ex4 xxxi we f9d him giv+ directions ab\t work+ 9 brass1 silv]1 gold1 furniture1 designat+ :o %\ld "w at x2 b ,god himself turns /one-mason--9 v]se #ah we f9d two tables ( ,te/imony1 tables ( /one1 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god4 ,if ,god _h a f+]1 he _h a :ole h&4 ,if he _h "o h& he may h _h two4 ,to write ne$s practice1 sight1 bra91 & all o!r p>ts belong+ to a man4 ,no d\bt1 :5 ! tables1 etc41 7 writt51 x 0 done by a man4 ,z to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 !y 7 n new ) ,moses4 ,!y 7 a codification ( ,*aldean & ,egyptian laws4 ,! day ( re/ 0 recogniz$ long ago 9 ^? slave-mak+ days4 ,x 0 a pr9ciple ( economy1 p[]-sav+4 ,six ( ! ,comm&m5ts are natural laws & are in/9ctively obey$ ev5 among l[] animals4 ,all o!r laws 7 adopt$ f recogniz$ cu/oms & usages ( ! p1 mo/ly tak5 f ! ,egyptians1 ) "s few alt]ations1 p]haps1 suitable to ! exi/+ em]g5cy4 ,:5 ?is ,republic 0 f\nd$1 !re 7 actually no new laws made1 b old laws modifi$ to suit our case2 ?us ! ,con/itution 0 fram$4 ,moses did precisely ! same ?+4 ,! laws 7 ! recogniz$ habits1 practices1 cu/oms1 laws1 usages1 long e/abli%$ among ! nations 9 t region4 ,& ,god1 or ,jehova1 _h z mu* to d ) ! fram+ ( !m z he _h ) ! ,con/itution ( ?is nation4 ,leviticus may be truly call$ ! cook]y-book ( ,jehova4 ,j ?9k ( x1 t ,god himself told !m :at to select & h[ to cook x4 ,!y 7 in/ruct$ to =sake ! idols or ! images ( ,god1 b reta9$ ! gross] b>b>ic practices ( sacrific+4 ,! detail$ acc\nt giv5 ( ! bill ( f>e is int]e/+4 ,= a full description we beg to ref] ! read] to ,leviticus4 ,human nature 0 /rong 9 ,moses4 ,he did :at any man high 9 ! affairs ( a /ate w\ld d4 ,he in/all$ 8 own relations into (fice--fir/ 8 own tribe1 ! ,levites4 ,^! 7 imm$iately in/all$ z a p]man5t bureaucracy1 z well z ari/ocracy4 ,!y 7 ! rul]s1 lawmak]s1 prea*]s1 doctors1 etc4 7,num4 i1 #dg1 et seq474 ,8 bro!r ,a>on & 8 sons 7 at once in/all$ 9 ! p]man5t (fices4 ,a h]$it>y ari/ocracy 0 e/abli%$ & consecrat$ z prie/s ( ! nation 7,lev4 viii74 ,& ! tribe ( ,levi 7 also select$ to m9i/] unto ! prie/s1 ,a>on & sons4 ,! actions ( ?is suppos$ ,god are v curi\s1 & ev5 amus+4 ,he assumes s _m %ades ( color1 "*1 & passion1 j z a man w\ld "u v>i\s degrees ( excitem5t1 disappo9tm5t1 & discont5t4 ,:5ev] ,moses f\nd x necess>y to act ) promptness & resolution he f\nd x conv5i5t to use 8 ,"l ,god1 ,jehova1 & usually ) excell5t effect4 ,b :5 ,korah1 ,da?an1 & ,abiram rebel ,moses gives ,god advice 7,num4 xvi1 #ae74 ,& ,moses 0 v wro?1 & said unto ! ,"l3 ,respect n ?\ _! (f]+4 ,he at once suppresses ! rebellion ) a /rong h& & puts an end to x4 ,wipe out ( ! biblical /ory ! du/ & cob-webs ( sup]/ition & ignorance1 cleanse x ( ! mire & dirt ( b>b>ism1 & y f9d 9 ,moses a man ( action1 sagacity1 & det]m9ation2 skillful 9 ! arts ( w>2 a man ( great w p[]1 en]gy1 & pluck1 break+ d[n all b>ri]s1 ov]com+ all ob/acles1 conqu]+ all difficulties1 9 ord] to secure ! f9al success ( 8 imm5se und]tak+2 ! creator ( ,jehova1 ! great ,i ,,am1 ! mak] ( ,god1 ! lead] ( a great army1 ! organiz] ( a nation1 ! lawmak]1 ! lawgiv]1 ! mold] & ma/] m9d ( ?is great "w4 ,8 /ratagem to pres]ve ! ,egyptian army f s]p5ts by fill+ baskets ) ibises1 :o dev\r & de/roy s]p5ts1 is an in/ance ( 8 =esight1 lead+ 8 army safely ?r\gh ! swamps )\t damage1 dur+ ! w> ) ! ,e?iopians4 ,! great feature ( ,moses's ,m\nt ,s9ai exp$ition1 & 8 abs5ce = =ty days1 & ! production ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 keeps ! !ological _w 9 a con/ant /ew ( wond] & admiration4 ,f ! po9t ( reason1 common s5se1 & ! light we h n[1 !re is no?+ rem>kable or wond]ful ab\t ! =ty days' abs5ce or ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,moses 0 provid$ ) all ! food he ne$$1 & all ! assi/ance he ne$$1 dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! m\nta94 ,8 own family1 z well z 8 wife's relatives1 knew all ab\t ! m\nta91 :ile ! masses 7 kept at a respectful di/ance1 on p5alty ( dea?4 ,:at are ^! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts8 #a4 ,"o ,god 7! conc5trat$ ess5ce ( ! ,*aldean gods71 wor%ip him only4 ,natural laws ( #b4 ,h no o!r ,god1 image1 etc4 self-pres]vation #c4 ,don't swe> by ,god4 & #d4 ,re/ on ! sev5? day 7economy ( self-protection4 muscul> =ces74 #e4 ,honor ?y p>5ts4 #f4 ,d n commit murd]4 #g4 ,d n commit adult]y4 #h4 ,d n /eal4 #i4 ,d n be> false witness4 #aj4 ,d n desire ano!r man's prop]ty4 ,all ^! laws _h be5 9 exi/5ce c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ,moses4 ,nations _h already adopt$ !m1 z a matt] ( necessity4 ,crimes ( murd] & robb]y1 etc41 7 famili> among ! ,*aldeans & o!r nations4 ,:5 ,isaac s5t mess5g]s to ,nahor 9 ord] to secure ,rebeka = 8 wife1 !y _h to pass ?r\gh ,mesopotamia1 9 :i* x 0 t$i\s travel+1 bo? 9 w9t]1 = a dep? ( clay1 & 9 summ] = a want ( wat]2 & besides ?is1 = ! robb]ies !re committ$ 7,jos474 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t society _h rea*$ a degree ( organization & civilization2 t ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples1 ^! natural laws1 are obs]v$ to a consid]able ext5t ev5 among ! l[] animals1 & t !y 7 /rictly en=c$ 9 e b>b>ian z well z m civiliz$ community4 ,9 ! codification ( ^! laws by ,moses !re is no?+ wond]ful1 no?+ miracul\s1 sup]natural4 ,! :ole matt] consi/$ 9 ! adoption ( ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples1 ^! common-law usages1 & ! proclaim+ ( !m z ! laws to gov]n ?is newly organiz$ nation1 z all o!r nations _h done c5turies be=e !m4 ,! laws incorporat$ 9 ! book ( ,leviticus1 etc41 consi/+ 9 ! regulation or gov]nm5t ( ! nation1 appo9t+ communities or families1 deal+ ) food1 dress1 sacrifice1 crime & its puni%m5t1 trade1 comm]ce1 dome/ic affairs1 m>riage1 & above all *ur* affairs1 7 mo/ly adoptions f o!r nations ) c]ta9 modifications1 writt5 up 9 ! mann] we f9d !m4 ,! sup]natural ph5om5a recit$ 9 ! ,bible 9 ! books ( ,moses--:at desc5d$ f heav51 cl\ds1 pill>s1 e>?quakes1 ?und]1 lightn+1 ra91 deluge1 fire1 etc41 on & ab\t ,m\nt ,s9ai--& t ,god p]=m$ ^! wond]s to oblige ,moses1 because he ex]cis$ 8 influ5ce 9 pray] ^u ,jehova--=m ! greate/ piece ( nons5se t ev] 0 writt54 ,cl\ds belong to ! e>?1 are compos$ ( e>?ly elem5ts1 are tak5 f ! surface ( ! e>? by a natural process & return to ! e>? by a natural process4 ,nei!r ,god nor man c influ5ce !m4 ,! same may be said ( all o!r ph5om5a4 ,wat] _c be compos$ f any o!r elem5ts ?an oxyg5 & hydrog51 & ! silly !ological twaddle _c *ange x4 ,:at we ought to "k is1 at lea/ some?+ ( ! natural4 ,! m we "k ( ! natural ! less we believe ( ! sup]natural--9 fact1 ! latt] has l>gely disappe>$4 ,9 "t1 let u hope1 ^! *ildi% delusions w be reg>d$ z "s ( ! remnants ( ! pa/ & infantile ages ( humanity4 ,9 all ages & at all times1 m5 ( great m]it h be5 admir$ & honor$ by mank9d4 ,b ! my?ology & !ology t en%r\ds anci5t h]oes1 ! deification1 ! sup]naturalism1 ! sanctity1 ! hol9ess1 & ! delusions t accompany & surr\nd _! actions1 are entirely sup]flu\s4 ,we h outgr[n ^! fables4 ,& truly1 ^! imag9>y attributions1 ^! vision>y productions1 h outliv$ _! usefulness4 ,:e!r x be ,moses1 ,david1 ,alex&]1 ,hannibal1 ,cs>1 ,*>lemagne1 ,cromwell1 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,napoleon1 or ,wa%+ton1 !y 7 m51 no?+ b m51 & _! actions1 z also ! great good result+ f _! actions1 t b5efit$ humanity1 7 natural1 n influ5c$ 9 any way or %ape by ! smalle/ p>ticle ( sup]naturalism4 ,josephus speak+ ( ,moses says3 ,he 0 "o t exce$$ all m5 t ev] 7 9 und]/&+1 & made ! be/ use ( :at und]/&+ sugge/$ to him4 ,he _h a v grateful way ( speak+ & address+ himself to ! multitude4 ,z to 8 o!r qualifications1 he _h su* a full comm& ( 8 passions1 z if he h>dly _h any su* 9 8 s\l1 & only knew !m by _! names1 z r p]ceiv+ !m 9 o!r m5 ?an himself4 ,he 0 also su* a g5]al ( an army z 0 seldom se51 z well z su* a prophet z 0 nev] kn[n1 & ?is to su* a degree t :atsoev] he pron\nc$1 y w\ld ?9k y he>d ! voice ( ,god himself 7,b4 iv1 *4 viii1 #di74 ,! foll[+ v]se 9 ! ,bible is und\bt$ly true3 ,& !re 0 n a prophet s9ce 9 ,israel l unto ,moses1 :om ! ,"l knew face to face4 ,moses des]ves all ! cr$it = mold+ ! ,*aldean ,god into %ape1 = creat+ ,jehova1 & = inv5t+ prophets & ! ,jewi% oracles4 ,^! oracles1 or pret5d$ consultations or inquiries ( ,god1 :e!r hea!n or ,hebrew1 7 all ( a simil> nature & "*4 ,:5ev] ! "q ask$ 0 conc]n+ ! success or non-success ( a battle1 :e!r !y %\ld fight or n1 ! answ] dep5d$ on ! circum/ances & ! condition ( affairs4 ,if ! army 0 well discipl9$1 _h a good lead]1 a good g5]al1 bett] ?an ! enemy1 !y 7 go+ to fight4 ,if n s well organiz$1 weak] num]ically1 or ) an indiff]5t g5]al1 !y w\ld let fight+ alone4 ,! prie/s if well in=m$ w\ld give ei!r a positive or a negative answ]1 b if !y knew no?+ ab\t ei!r p>ty1 !y w\ld deliv] ! answ] ( ! oracle 9 su* dubi\s expressions or t]ms1 t let :at w\ld happ5 to ! inquir]1 ! answ] might be accommodat$ or expla9$ to mean ! ev5t t came to pass4 ,! expressions ( ! ,bible dur+ & aft] ! "t ( ,moses are ( oracul> =m1 & = t reason ( a dubi\s nature1 ( m>vel\s ela/icity1 accommodat+ any & e op9ion or inquiry1 susceptible ( a va/ v>iety ( int]pretations4 ,_m portions may be made to mean any?+ or ev]y?+4 ,!re be+ no?+ positive ab\t ^! biblical expressions1 foll[]s ( ^! doctr9es h be5 expla9+ & expla9+4 ,& z new views or op9ions are set afloat1 clev] talk]s expla9 & expla91 & gr[ en?usia/ic 9 expla9+4 ,& z fa%ions *ange1 ! explanations *ange4 ,= c5turies ^! explanations & int]pretations h be5 go+ on--ov] :at8 ,among ! ,jews !re 7 sev]al sorts ( oracles3 z1 fir/1 ^? t 7 deliv]$ viva voce1 z :5 ,god spoke to ,moses2 secondly1 prophetic dreams1 z ^? ( ,joseph & o!rs2 ?irdly1 visions1 z :5 a prophet 9 an ec/asy1 a n]v\s1 excitable condition1 be+ prop]ly nei!r asleep nor awake1 _h :at !y call$ sup]natural revelations2 f\r?ly1 :5 !y 7 accompani$ ) ! we>+ ( an ephod1 or ! pectoral worn by ! high prie/1 :o 0 end[$ ) ! gift ( =etell+ future ?+s ^u extraord9>y occasions2 & fif?ly1 by consult+ ! prophets or mess5g]s s5t by ,god4 ,moses 0 ! fir/ great prophet1 ! fir/ great g5]al1 ! fir/ great lawgiv]1 ! fir/ & only organiz]1 & ) 8 dea? ,god1 ,jehova1 ceases to be active4 ,ev]y?+ appe>s wond]ful or miracul\s if we d n und]/& x1 or are ignorant & cr$ul\s4 ,?us x 0 ) ! manna1 t usually falls 9 c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> 9 t region4 ,ev5 ,moses himself did n "k :at x 01 until x _h /uck to 8 h&s & he _h ta/$ x4 ,x 0 no special favor to ! ,jews4 ,x falls = all creatures alike1 b is n us$ until x is discov]$ t x has rea*$ ! season :5 x is good to eat4 ,nev]!less1 x is 9 our ,bible acc\nt$ a miracle4 ,no man has ev] p]=m$ a miracle except to deceive or delude ano!r1 :o is ignorant ( :at he is p]=m+1 or h[ x is p]=m$4 ,miracles are natural ev5ts occurr+ to ^? t are ignorant1 or ( little und]/&+2 or !y are int5tionally p]=m$ ) ! int5t to deceive1 delude1 or defraud4 ,god himself1 all believ]s %\ld "k1 _c p]=m a miracle1 contr>y to ! laws ( nature--:e!r x be ! laws gov]n+ planets or ! laws t gov]n ! v>i\s ph5om5a t appe> f "t to "t on e>?4 ,all are simply ! result ( "s natural process4 ,:at %rewdness ,moses us$1 :atev] cunn+1 :atev] diplomacy1 :atev] wisdom or c\rage1 0 ! production ( 8 own w p[]1 ! evolution ( 8 own bra91 acquir$ by education & tra9+4 ,he utiliz$ ^! p[]s to ga9 8 ends1 to ! be/ advantage & welf>e ( ! p he 0 try+ to organize4 ,he may h fully believ$ 9 ! oracles he invok$1 ! conception ( 8 own p[]ful imag9ation4 ,he may h inspir$ himself by a conc5tration ( n]v\s =ce1 /imulat$ by ! imm5se responsibility t re/$ ^u him4 ,! solitude he enjoy$ 9 ! m\nta9 0 ( great s]vice to 8 reflect+ m9d4 ,x gave him an opportunity to analyze e detail1 ?9k ov] e circum/ance1 =m 8 ideas & 8 plans4 ,t x 0 to him a sanctu>y1 a holy retreat1 we c easily imag9e1 z e place t becomes a retreat = great ?9k]s is a sanctum to !m1 & :]e1 :5 !y are delib]at+1 commun+ ) !mselves1 x is no place = /rang]s to intrude4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 n lose sight ( an important fact--t :atev] may be ! products ( ! bra91 ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 h[ev] /imulat$ or inspir$ ! work+s ( ! imag9ation & ! production ( ideas1 evolv+ p[]ful ?\ghts1 & h[ev] sublime & beautiful !y may be1 !y are ! effect ( ! educat$ faculties2 ! result ( ! comb9$ =ces ( ! great n]v\s c5t]s4 ,not)/&+ ! sagacity & clev]ness ( ,moses1 ! b>b>ism & brutality ( ! age 9 :i* he liv$ 0 pr$om9ant 9 all 8 actions t[>ds 8 enemies4 ,nei!r ,god nor ,jehova _h any mitigat+ s5tim5t1 nei!r pity nor m]cy4 ,! ark 0 a sup]/iti\s symbol1 & ! prie/ ! ready tool to c>ry out any sy/em to deceive & delude ! masses4 ,! ark1 ! creation ( ,moses1 ,a>on1 ,je?ro ,co41 0 no?+ m ?an an idol ( ano!r =m4 ,:e!r ! idol is 9 ! image ( somebody or a f\r-corn]$ box :]e9 lies ! diff]5ce8 ,= sev]al c5turies ?is wood5 box plays an important role among ^! half-civiliz$ b>b>ians4 ,!y 7 no bett] ?an _! neighbors1 & 7 n any f>!r advanc$ 9 civilization ?an ! neighbor+ nations 7--inde$1 n s mu*4 ,h[ ,*ri/ianity c hold t book1 ! ,bible1 z sacr$1 z a guide = ! pres5t civiliz$ age1 is inde$ a great] wond] & a f> m complicat$ miracle ?an ev] 0 p]=m$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,! sup]/iti\s1 c[>dly army ( ,jo%ua refus$ to cross ! riv] ,jordan1 b ! miracle 0 p]=m$ :5 ! prie/ c>ri$ ! ark across ! riv]--:i* 0 =dable1 because !y c\ld see ! s& at ! bottom1 & ! /ream 0 nei!r /rong nor swift4 ,s ! army =d$ ! /ream1 foll[+ ! wood5 box4 ,! same box 0 us$ be=e ! walls ( ,j]i*o4 ,! fall+ ( ! walls is relat$ 9 a my/]i\s fa%ion1 b ! slaught] ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 is made q pla94 ,! only ?+ sav$ 0 t pro/itute ,rahab :o betray$ ! city--& t 0 all ! do+s ( ,god & ! ,box4 ,jo%ua s5ds to ,ai ?ree ?\s& m51 & ! ,israelites get beat54 ,!n aft] "s hocus-pocus ,jo%ua goes to ,ai ) ?irty ?\s& & he beats !m1 & all ! m5 & wom5 t 7 kill$ at ,ai 7 twelve ?\s& 7,jo%1 viii1 #be74 ,& !n he hang$ ! k+ ( ,ai 7v]se #bi74 ,& ?is 0 a miracul\s victory4 ,e natural ph5om5on 0 int]pret$ z a miracle4 ,a hail/orm1 an a]ial phosphoresc5ce imitat+ sun & moon1 ! cl\ds1 ?und]1 etc4--are all miracles1 if !y help to beat ! enemy4 ,& aft] ! slay+ 0 done ! k+s 7 hang$ 7x1 #bf74 ,altoge!r1 ,jo%ua conqu]$ ?irty-"o k+s & took possession ( _! t]ritories4 ,^! k+doms c\ld n h be5 v l>ge affairs1 s9ce ! :ole l& is n v l>ge4 ,! presumption is t sup]ior numb]s & bett] lead]%ip 9 reality won ! day4 ,:5 ! /rong h& ( ,moses & ,jo%ua has disappe>$ 7,jehova is no long] ! /ronghold7 qu>rels1 outrages1 & discont5t arise4 ,elev5 tribes retire f ! field ( action4 ,judah1 ! w>rior tribe1 does ! fight+4 ,! ,levites1 ?is ari/ocratic tribe1 wat* & guide ! nation1 dwell+ 9 ! =ty cities assign$ to !m4 ,i m5tion ^! two tribes especially on acc\nt ( ! important role !y play h]eaft]4 ,a few /atem5ts ( ! m]e facts w suffice4 ,jo%ua dies 9 #addc ,b4,c4 ,o?niel succe$s4 ,judah's milit>y =ce fights & beats ! ,canaanites4 ,discord & fight+ cont9ue1 until ,eglon ! k+ ( ,moab enslaves !m1 #acdc ,b4,c4 ,:5 ,eglon is kill$ !y are fre$ = a %ort p]iod1 :5 ,jab9 ! ,canaanite subdues !m4 ,!y are aga9 fre$ & aga9 enslav$1 & s on4 ,meantime !y h _! h]oes1 z ,%amg>1 :o kills six hundr$ ,phili/9es ) an ox-goad1 & ,samson1 :o kills "o ?\s& ,phili/9es ) a jawbone ( an ass1 etc4 ,i w app5d to ?is *apt] a description ( "s ev5ts ( ,moses's c>e] f ,tacitus1 ,*apt] ,,iii3 ,_m au?ors agree1 t :5 once an infecti\s di/emp] 0 aris5 9 ,egypt & made m5's bodies impure1 ,boc*orius1 _! k+1 w5t to ! oracle ( 7,jupit]7 ,hammon & begg$ he w\ld grant him "s relief aga9/ ?is evil1 & he 0 enjo9$ to purge 8 nation ( !m1 & to bani% ?is k9d ( m5 into o!r c\ntries1 z hateful to ! gods4 ,t :5 he _h s\ght =1 & gott5 !m all toge!r1 !y 7 left 9 a va/ des]t2 t h]eupon ! re/ devot$ !mselves to weep+ & inactivity2 b "o ( ^? exiles1 ,moses by "n1 advis$ !m to look = no assi/ance f any ( ! gods or f any ( mank9d1 s9ce !y _h be5 ab&on$ by bo?1 b bade !m believe 9 him1 z 9 a cele/ial lead]1 by ^: help !y _h already gott5 cle> ( _! pres5t mis]ies4 ,!y agre$ to x2 & ?\gh !y 7 unacqua9t$ ) e ?+1 !y began _! j\rney at r&om3 b no?+ tri$ !m s mu* z want ( wat]2 & n[ !y laid !mselves d[n on ! gr\nd to a great ext5t1 z j ready to p]i%1 :5 a h]d ( wild asses came f fe$+1 & w5t to a rock ov]%ad[$ by a grove ( trees4 ,moses foll[$ !m1 z conjectur+ t !re 0 7!reab\ts7 "s grassy soil1 & s op5$ l>ge s\rces ( wat] = !m4 ,*apt] ,,iv3 ,z = ,moses1 9 ord] to secure ! nation firmly to himself1 he orda9$ new rites1 & su* z 7 contr>y to o!r m54 ,all ?+s are ) !m pr(ane :i* ) u are sacr$2 & aga91 ^? practices are all[$ among !m :i* are by u e/eem$ mo/ abom9able4 ,!y sacrifice rams by way ( reproa* to 7,jupit]7 ,hammon4 ,an ox is also sacrific$1 :i* ! ,egyptians wor%ip "u ! "n ( ,apis1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,samuel ,,! ,,k+mak]--,,! ,,w>wick ,,( ,,antiquity4 ,our =efa!rs ( antiquity1 no matt] to :at nation !y belong$1 dress$ e important ev5t ) a halo ( my/]y--fable1 my?1 & miracle4 ,!y knew no bett]4 ,! m9d1 ! bra91 ! s5ses1 _h rea*$ a /age ( developm5t t might well be call$ *ildi%1 ) s5suality & selfi%ness pr$om9at+4 ,fight+1 cruelty1 & lu/ 7 ! lead+ actions prompt$4 ,& z 9 ! case ( *ildr51 gho/s & hobgobl9s sc>$ !m1 %ad[s & d>kness fright5$ !m1 unusual sights & noises surpris$ & al>m$ !m4 ,& 9 _! calm] mom5ts !y wond]$4 ,& any natural ph5om5on 0 int]pret$ z miracul\s if x aid$ any und]tak+1 & result$ favorably to !m4 ,weal? & wom5 7 consid]$ ! capital prizes 9 ^? days4 7,t 0 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago2 h[ is x ) u87 ,!y 7 m5 9 physique1 b *ildr5 9 ! developm5t ( _! m5tal faculties4 ,x 0 !n z x is n[--e man talks ab\t t :i* is upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d2 he makes 8 comp>isons ) ^? ?+s he is mo/ famili> )2 8 illu/rations are drawn f ^? objects he sees mo/ frequ5tly2 8 language nev] ext5ds beyond ! numb] ( words at 8 comm&2 8 memory is only equal to ! numb] ( ?+s he has /or$ away2 8 m9d is made up or compos$ ( ^? ideas t he has ga!r$ f ! exp]i5ce ( 8 s5ses2 8 ideas f ! numb] ( objects he has come 9 contact )2 8 k consi/s ( t :i* he has le>n$2 8 ?\ghts & reflections ext5d to t :i* he kn[s & nev] beyond2 8 und]/&+ dep5ds on all ^!2 & comp>atively speak+1 few m5 are 9 advance ( ! age 9 :i* !y live4 ,ideas1 l o!r ?+s t]re/rial1 h _! bir?1 gr[?1 developm5t1 maturity1 & decl9e1 & f9ally !y p>tially or :olly disappe>4 ,! bir? ( ! idea ( ,god1 )\t ! v>i\s objective repres5tations1 _h its orig9 9 ! m9d ( man2 ,abraham be+ ! fir/1 or suppos$ to be ! fir/1 man :o conceiv$ ! notion t ^! images1 idols1 7 n ! prop] ?+4 ,he d\bt$ ! quality ( ! gods1 & ! pr9cipal objection to ^! idols 0 t !y _h e>s t did n he>1 eyes t c\ld n see1 etc41 etc41 b ! new ,god1 ! lat] ,jehova1 c\ld4 ,! /range/ ( all inconsi/5cies lies 9 ! fact t :ile !y end[$ him ) ! human faculties1 passions1 emotions1 desires1 & feel+s1 !re is no?+ tangible ab\t 8 body4 ,no?+ 0 accompli%$ ) ?is ,god dur+ sev]al c5turies 9 ,egypt4 ,moses br\ght 8 ,jehova out--z a /]n reality4 ,he skillfully manipulat$ ! idea4 ,8 own intellect & exp]i5ce1 8 =ce & "*1 7 conc5trat$ 9 ?is ,jehova4 ,8 ma/]ly organization1 8 discipl9e1 8 impressive /]nness1 imp]ative & imp]ial1 8 /up5d\s w p[]1 left a la/+ impress ^u ?is p dur+ ! f\r c5turies4 ,?is idea 0 nurs$1 n\ri%$1 & su/a9$ by ! ,levites1 & :5 !y f\nd _! influ5ce 0 wan+ !y e/abli%$ a conc5trat$ =m ( gov]nm5t by select+ a sanh$r9 or c\ncil ( sev5ty & elect+ ! mo/ eligible p]son !y c\ld f9d on ! recomm5dation ( ,samuel z _! k+4 ,?is k+ 0 ,saul1 ^: reign1 =tunately or un=tunately1 did n la/ v long4 ,competition & /ruggle ) o!r nations _h1 if any?+1 an educational t5d5cy4 ,z !y grew num]ically /rong]1 jeal\sies arose4 ,ambiti\s m5 7 grasp+ = p[]1 & cont5d+ faction naturally 0 ! result4 ,! /ory ab\t ! lo/ asses is l t ab\t ano!r ass we h he>d (1 t saw ! angel & talk$--we h _m su*1 ev5 at ! pres5t day4 ,^! /ories are excell5t fabrications to ent]ta9 juv5iles )4 ,& p mu/ be preci\s asses to believe ?is nons5se1 t ,god w\ld be su* an ass z to int]f]e ) ^! asses4 ,b some?+ occurr$ :i* 0 p]fectly human1 & %[s ! "* ( ! man4 ,x happ5$ to be "o ( ^? critical mom5ts 9 a nation's exi/5ce4 ,naha% ! ,ammonite _h made w> aga9/ ,israel1 & encamp$ aga9/ ,jabe/-,gilead4 ,saul he>+ ( x1 he did z foll[s 7#a ,sam4 xi1 #g73 ,& he took a yoke ( ox51 & hew$ !m 9 pieces1 & s5t !m ?r\gh\t all ! coa/ ( ,israel by ! h&s ( mess5g]s1 say+1 ,:osoev] come? n =? aft] ,saul & aft] ,samuel1 s %all x be done unto 8 ox54 ,& ! fe> ( ! ,"l fell ^u ! p1 & !y came out ) "o cons5t4 ,?us ,saul collect$ an army ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,t is :at may be t]m$ practical politics4 ,he 0 victori\s ov] ! ,ammonites4 ,z to ! prison]s ( w>1 :e!r captur$ or hav+ giv5 !mselves up1 he caus$ _! "r eyes to be put out4 ,he pluck$ _! "r eyes out1 mak+ !m useless = w> 9 ! future4 ,:5 he w5t to w> aga9/ ! ,phili/9es1 8 army obs]v$ h[ num]\s ! enemy 74 ,god's army 0 sc>$ & hid 9 caves4 ,s he s5t to ,samuel to consult ! oracle1 l any o!r respectable hea!n4 ,he also made a conque/ ( ! ,amalekites1 :om he utt]ly de/roy$4 ,! ,hebrews & ^! p _h a grudge ( sev]al c5turies' /&+1 because :5 ! ,jews w5t out ( ,egypt !y reque/$ p]mission to pass ?r\gh ! ,amalekites' c\ntry1 :i* 0 refus$ !m 7,ex4 xvii1 et seq474 ,b ,saul (f5d$ ,god by sav+ ,agag1 ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites1 s said ,samuel 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #cb1 #cc74 ,!n ,samuel said1 ,br+ ye hi!r to me ,agag1 ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites4 ,& ,agag came to him delicately4 ,& ,agag said1 ,surely ! bitt]ness ( dea? is pass$4 ,& ,samuel hew$ ,agag 9 pieces be=e ! ,"l 9 ,gilgal4 ,saul's t5d]ness & m]cy t[>ds ,agag displeas$ ! /]n1 cruel prie/ & soldi]4 ,81 ,agag's1 life _h to pay ! p5alty ( dea?1 by ! h& ( ! prie/ himself1 = an (f5se 8 =efa!rs 7 presum$ to h be5 guilty (1 sev]al c5turies be=e4 ,all b>b>ities1 cruelties1 & slaught] 7 done 9 ,jehovah's1 ,god's1 ! ,"l's1 "n4 ,! same pi\s crimes 7 repeat$ c5turies lat]1 "u ! pretext ( do+ "s imag9>y brutal ,god a great favor4 ,= ?is transgression ,saul is reject$ by ?is prie/ly ,w>wick4 ,= ?is human action ?is wily prie/ d5\nces him1 & ,saul's act ( k9dness is int]pret$ by ?is dom9e]+ prie/ z a crime aga9/ 8 ,god4 ,to c>ry out 8 political s*eme1 ,samuel w5t to ,be?-lehem4 ,& ! eld]s ( ! t[n trembl$ at 8 com+ 7#a ,sam4 xvi1 #d74 ,! rev5geful prie/1 ) a n]ve ( iron & a w ( /eel1 0 n go+ to /& any nons5se4 ,saul _h n obey$ him to ! lett]--x is1 ,(f ) y\r head6 ,samuel ) all ! *ur* palav]1 prie/ discipl9e1 & pi\s hypocrisy1 selects a successor1 )\t compunction1 )\t c]emony1 & ,david is ano9t$ to reign in/ead ( ,saul4 ,f ?is "t =? to ! end ( 8 life ,saul is con/antly 9 hot wat]4 ,he sl9ks to 8 home at ,gibeah 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #cd7 l a :ipp$ cur1 reject$ & excommunicat$ by ! prie/4 ,full ( appreh5sion & fe>1 he blund]s at e /ep he takes4 ,! prie/ly influ5ce is gone1 & ,god has dep>t$ f him & is n[ ) ,david4 ,! crafty ,samuel uses ! expression1 :5 o!rs "q ! propriety ( 8 action3 ,m5 d n see z ,god see?4 ,no6 ,m5 mu/ h no w except ! prie/'s w4 ,h>ass$ & madd5$ by prie/ly cunn+1 jeal\s & ang]$ at ,david's success 9 acts ( h]oism1 ,saul loses c\rage1 z well z pre/ige ) ! p1 to su* an ext5t t ,david f9ds x n a difficult task to organize a small army ( 8 own1 c>ry+ on a sort ( desultory w> on 8 own acc\nt4 ,samuel dies1 hav+ gov]n$ 8 p twelve ye>s himself1 & jo9tly ) ,saul eighte5 ye>s4 ,he 0 ! greate/ man1 prie/1 & g5]al s9ce ! times ( ,moses1 a man ( s+ul> sagacity & c\rage1 no d\bt "r royal & hone/ 9 8 int5tions & to 8 nation4 ,samuel did m to solidify ! nation1 & t]rify neighbor+ nations1 to infuse c\rage 9 8 p & inspire !m to acts ( h]oism1 ?an any o!r ( ! judges1 or any o!r man1 dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,a curi\s incid5t is relat$ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,samuel came into ! _w4 ,x is ! fir/ "o ( its k9d 9 ! ,bible4 ,hannah1 ! wife ( ,elkanah1 _h no *ildr51 or z ! ,bible phrase has x1 ,! ,"l _h %ut up h] womb 7#a ,sam4 i1 #e1 #f74 ,s %e cont9u$ pray+ be=e ! ,"l1 & ,eli ! prie/ m>k$ h] m\? 7v]se #ab74 ,%e conceiv$ & bore a son1 & %e nam$ him ,samuel4 ,& ,eli ! prie/ adopt$ ,samuel4 ,& ! *ild did m9i/] unto ! ,"l be=e ,eli ! prie/ 7ii1 #ab74 ,:at ! relations 7 betwe5 ,hannah & ,eli is n kn[n1 b t 8 own sons 7 n v righte\s is te/ifi$ to by ! foll[+ passage 7#a ,sam4 ii1 #bj73 ,n[ ,eli 0 v old1 & he>d all t 8 sons did unto all ,israel2 & h[ !y lay ) ! wom5 t assembl$ at ! door ( ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation4 ,x 0 n an unusual ?+1 9 ! temples ( ! hea!ns1 = wom5 to accommodate ! gods :5ev] !y felt pi\sly incl9$2 & also ! prie/s lo/ no opportunity to gratify _! sa9tly passions1 or p]mit o!rs to gratify !irs s long z x 0 to b5efit ! *ur*4 ,samuel's fa!r1 or r reput$ fa!r1 did n belong to ! prie/ly tribe4 ,he 0 an ,ephra?ite4 ,eli 8 adopt$ fa!r belong$ to ! prie/ly ca/e4 ,i simply cite ?is /ory to %[ h[ completely human ^! holy ,jehovai/s 74 ,_m crimes & disreputable acts 7 committ$ "u ! v %ad[ ( ! ,"l4 ,yet ,jehova 0 pleas$ ) any?+ ^! prie/s delight$ 94 ,eli 0 a heavy man 7iv1 #ah74 ,fat1 :i* ,i suppose !y meant1 %[s he 0 a good liv]4 ,he broke 8 neck by fall+ (f 8 seat on he>+ ! ark 0 tak5 by ! ,phili/9es & ,israel beat54 ,:5 ,samuel took ! re9s ( gov]nm5t he 0 /ill "y4 ,he subdu$ ! ,phili/9es1 rega9$ ! ark1 & reorganiz$ & consolidat$ ! nation4 ,he made ,saul k+ & g5]al1 & a /ream ( prosp]ity foll[$2 ! *oice 0 a good "o1 & ,saul s]v$ 8 nation well s long z he 0 ob$i5t to ,samuel's comm&s4 ,saul's humanity got ! bett] ( him1 he (f5d$ ?is /]n1 dictatorial prie/1 & lo/ 8 favor4 ,david1 8 rival1 0 already *os5 & 9 ! field1 on :om all ,samuel's influ5ce & prie/ly glory 0 %$4 ,n[ ,god des]t$ ,saul & 8 cause4 ,h5ce=? ! ,"l 0 ) ,david4 ,samuel 0 ! fir/ & only k+mak]2 ,saul & ,david 7 8 h&iwork4 ,he 0 a prie/1 a soldi] & a /atesman ( m ?an ord9>y capacity & qualities1 f> sup]ior to any ( ! judges t gov]n$ ,israel dur+ ! la/ f\r c5turies4 ,he 0 /]n & sev]e1 b )\t blemi% o!rwise4 ,he 01 z f> z we c le>n f hi/ory1 a rel5tless & cruel man t[>ds 8 enemies4 ,he 0 ( imm5se w-p[]1 resolute & en]getic4 ,he 0 honor$ to an extraord9>y degree by ! p = :om he accompli%$ s mu*4 ,he left ! nation at 8 dea? m firmly unit$ ?an x _h ev] be5--) an organiz$ army1 a /able gov]nm5t1 & a well-fill$ treasury4 ,x 0 ,samuel t really rais$ ! nation to ! utmo/ hight t x ev] atta9$1 = he laid ! f\ndation = ,solomon's glory1 ! z5i? ( ,hebrew nationality4 ,x is he t closes ! second p]iod ( national life1 ! p hav+ atta9$ "u him its maximum /&+ z a nation1 & ! greatness :i* culm9at$ 9 ,solomon1 & ! only political unity z a nation t ! ,hebrews ev] _h4 ,a p>allel may be drawn betwe5 ! two p]iods4 ,! ,egyptian p]iod3 ,f\r c5turies or s pass )\t any?+ be+ done1 until a man rises possess+ ! necess>y qualifications to mold ^! p into a nation4 ,! second p]iod consi/s ( a /ruggle ) o!r nations1 almo/ cont9u\sly1 to exi/4 ,necessities arise2 m5 pres5t !mselves :o seize ! opportunity to fill up ! want = ! "t be+1 until ! com+ ( ,samuel1 ! "r man1 at ! "r "t1 = ! "r place4 ,he closes ! second act ( ! ,hebrews' /ruggle = nationality by giv+ !m a c5traliz$ =m ( gov]nm5t1 & plac+ a k+ at _! head to rule !m4 ,all ! transactions ( 8 life 7 human1 natural4 ,8 conduct 0 p]fectly 9 h>mony ) ! age he liv$ 94 ,! nation z a :ole _h become a little m civiliz$1 & _h rea*$ z high a po9t ( intellig5ce z x ev] atta9$--t is1 z a nation4 ,?us f> we h n se5 any?+ 9 _! hi/ory t o!r nations _h n to cont5d )4 ,to attribute _! acts1 individually or z a nation1 to any sup]natural p[]1 to ,god1 ,jehova1 or ! ,"l1 is prepo/]\s4 ,9 _! deal+s1 _! fight+s1 _! cruelty1 _! brutality1 _! sup]/ition1 & _! ignorance1 !y 7 9 no s5se sup]ior to any ( ! contemporane\s nations4 ,!y 7 no bett] 9 _! conduct ?an _! neighbors4 ,! /ronge/ _h always ! be/ ( x2 ! conqu]$ _h to submit to slav]y or be kill$1 wom5 are captur$ & us$1 & ! plund] is divid$4 ,not)/&+ ! prie/ly rule ( ! ,levites1 ! ,hebrews are con/antly relaps+ into idolatry1 br\ght back to ! fold1 & relaps+ aga94 ,! *ur* 0 at ?is "t us$ = all sorts ( corrupt purposes4 ,! ,jehova t _h be5 br\ght into ! !ological _w ) su* an imm5se boom by ,moses _h exp5d$ a good deal ( its orig9al =ce4 ,! remembrance ( t /up5d\s crisis ( ! ,hebrew national exi/5ce 0 kept alive & ! flames 7 fann$ by prie/ly int]e/4 ,! ,god aft] ,moses1 ! ,jehova1 _h %runk into ! ,"l1 & ! ark 0 ! repres5tative ( ,god4 ,! ark ( ,god 0 tak51 444 :5 %e he>d tid+s ( ! ark ( ,god 7#a ,sam4 iv1 etc474 ,& ! success or failure ( ! ,hebrews dep5d$ on ! man :o l$ !m4 ,) a weak man z g5]al or lead] !y 7 beat51 ) a /rong man !y won4 ,o!r nations mean:ile _h sprung into life1 & become p[]ful1 )\t ,jehova--)\t ! ,god ( ! ,hebrews4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 idols & images1 :i* seem$ to behave ) f> great] propriety ?an ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,s well did ^! my?ological deities manage _! affairs1 t !y almo/ swall[$ up ! :ole ,hebrew race4 ,samuel1 hav+ e/abli%$ a k+dom1 & cr[n$ two k+s1 ,saul & ,david1 dies1 leav+ ^! two competitors 9 ! field4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,god ,,save ,,! ,,k+6 ,t 0 ! %\t1 ) ! comm5cem5t ( ! new era1 :5 ! talle/ man 9 ! nation appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! p t _h assembl$ at ! call ( ,samuel 7#a ,sam4 x1 #bd74 ,i w give a %ort *ronology ( ?is ,unit$ ,k+dom "u ?ree k+s--,saul1 ,david1 & ,solomon3 ,saul is made k+ #ajie ,dies #ajee ,rules ov] ,israel ab\t #dj ye>s ,david born #ajhe ,kills ,golia? #ajfb ,reigns 9 ,hebron #ajee ,k+ ov] ,israel #ajdh ,dies #ajaf ,rules ov] ,israel ab\t #dj ye>s ,solomon is born #ajcf ,is cr[n$ k+ #ajae ,lays f\ndation ( ,temple #ajab ,d$icates ! ,temple #ajjd ,wor%ips idols #ihe ,dies #ige ,rules ov] ,israel ab\t #dj ye>s ,^! figures may n be accurate4 ,!y are z ne> z ! dates c be _h4 ,josephus gives ! dates z foll[s3 ,saul reign$ ) ,samuel #ah ye>s ,aft] ! dea? ( ,samuel #bb 11 ,david liv$ #gj 11 ,reign$ 9 ,hebron #g yrs #fm 11 11 ,j]usalem #cc ye>s ,solomon liv$ #id 11 ,hav+ reign$ #hj 11 ,!re is a discrepancy some:]e4 ,some?+ is wrong 9 dates1 l mo/ o!r facts 9 ! ,bible4 ,david 0 tw5ty-?ree ye>s old :5 he kill$ ,golia?4 ,solomon 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old :5 he 0 cr[n$ k+2 accord+ to ,josephus1 f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,we h no fur!r int]e/ 9 ! dates ( ^? m51 b m 9 _! acts & "*4 ,be+ ! rul]s ( ,god's own *os5 p--) ,jehova = a pilot1 protector1 & guide--) ! wood5 ,box1 ! ark1 ) all its my/]i\s secrets & its holy en*antm5ts2 prie/s1 prophets1 & sacrifices1 ) all _! secret necromantic p]=mances1 ^! ?ree m51 ) all _! godly pr(essions1 7 no bett] ?an !y %\ld h be51 ev5 = ! age 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,!y 7 brutal1 gross1 & lic5ti\s4 ,b>b>\s crimes 7 committ$ by !m1 ) ! sanction ( _! prepo/]\s imag9>y ,god--:o is laud$ at ?is pres5t day to ! v e*o1 b ! mo/ /up5d\s piece ( folly t ev] 0 palm$ (f on civiliz$ humanity4 ,saul1 ! fir/ k+1 9 ex]cis+ 8 t]rible cruelty t[>ds 8 enemies p]haps only foll[$ ! practices & cu/oms ( o!r nations4 ,:y ?is blood?ir/y man caus$ #che p]sons to be murd]$2 :y he slaught]$ all ! inhabitants ( ,nob1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 because ,abimele* ! prie/ suppli$ ,david ) food1 are "s ( ^? ?+s t pulpit orators c be/ expla94 ,! life ( ! prie/ 0 n suffici5t to expiate ! (f5se he _h committ$1 b ,saul _h 8 :ole family ext]m9at$4 ,! ark 0 no long] available4 ,jehova _h tak5 ! juv5ile ,david 9 h&4 ,! prie/ly oracle refus$ to be consult$4 ,he1 ,saul1 _h rec\rse to a =tune-tell+ woman ( ,endor1 :o 0 employ$ to call up ! _s ( ,samuel4 ,saul's jeal\sies1 8 qu>rels ) ,david1 & all 8 misde$s1 z well z brav]y1 may be read by ^? t feel an int]e/ 9 ! matt]4 ,he f9ally committ$ suicide by fall+ on 8 own sword1 & ! next day ! ,phili/9es cut 8 & 8 sons' heads (f1 & deposit$ !m be=e _! idols1 ,dagon1 etc4 ,:]e 0 ,god8 ,c x be possible t our ,*ri/ian neighbors believe t ! life & conduct ( ,saul 0 direct$ by any supreme p[]8 ,t ,god direct$ ,saul to d s _m fooli%1 b>b>\s1 & murd]\s acts8 ,we %all probably be m int]e/$ 9 ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t4 ,david1 l ,saul1 0 judici\sly select$ by ,samuel4 ,david's acts & ,david's conduct 7 no diff]5t f ! acts & conduct ( any o!r man 9 8 position & possess+ 8 *>act]i/ics4 ,he comb9$ a good deal ( philosophy ) 8 brav]y2 if ! ,psalms 7 writt5 by him we h be=e u a high] type ( bra9 culture1 a m9d t has und]gone "s tra9+1 is capable ( analyz+ its own feel+s & giv+ expression to !m4 ,8 comp>isons nev] ext5d beyond t--beyond :at he kn[s4 ,he appeals to ! high] qualities ( m5--_! good acts1 _! virtues1 _! j conduct1 _! self-re/ra9t1 _! passions1 emotions1 faults1 & weaknesses4 ,he recognizes !m 9 o!rs1 & sees !m reflect$ cle>ly 9 himself4 ,8 di/ress & 8 fe>s1 8 gladness & 8 joys1 8 tru/ 9 an unse5 p[]1 are all poetic1 "s sweet & s5tim5tal4 ,he speaks ( 8 ,"l1 ( 8 ,god1 z ( ! pleasant recollections ( a dream4 ,jehova _h long s9ce lo/ ! /]n reality ( ,moses1 & _h *ang$ ) ! *anges ! nation _h und]gone4 ,! =malities _h be5 kept up1 ! prie/ly luxuries _h increas$1 ! c]emonies 7 m =mal & bus9ess-l1 b ! c5tral p[]1 ! c5traliz$ gov]nm5t ( ! p1 ! mantle ( au?ority1 _h be5 %ift$ f high prie/ to k+4 ,! ,god1 ,jehova1 0 no long] ! guide1 ! p[] x _h be54 ,= tw5ty-two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,samuel1 ,saul _h conduct$ 8 gov]nm5t & f\ght 8 battles )\t ,god1 ark1 or prie/1 & s\ght advice & c\nsel f o!r & human s\rces4 ,skeptics ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod began to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 ,! fool sai? 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god 7,ps4 xiv1 #a74 ,! !ocratic p]iod ( #cie ye>s f ,exodus to ,saul _h already develop$ corruption 9 ! *ur* & lic5ti\sness 9 ! ,temple4 ,! prie/ly p[] receiv$ a t]rible bl[ at ! h&s ( ,saul :5 he slaught]$ ! prie/1 ,abimele*1 & 8 family1 ?us %[+ t ! repres5tative ( ,god no long] inspir$ t]ror2 t ! prie/ 0 no?+ m ?an any o!r man2 t nei!r ,god1 ,jehova1 ark1 nor any o!r sanctifi$ p>aph]nalia c\ld protect him1 nor miracle int]f]e = 8 pres]vation4 ,op9ions 7 freely express$1 discussion arose1 & argum5ts 7 n want+ to su/a9 ! d\bts t _h aris5 z to ! g5u95ess1 ! tru?1 ( ! ,god !y _h adopt$4 ,neighbor+ nations _h _! gods4 ,h[ 0 x1 if _! gods 7 n m pot5t1 t !y %\ld w9 s _m battles1 & enslave ! nation ( ! true ,god8 ,! same or simil> argum5ts t ,abraham br\ght to be> on ! ,*aldean gods 7 n[ beg9n+ to be us$ aga9/ ,jehova4 ,david1 besides be+ an excell5t soldi]1 a brave g5]al1 0 a dream]1 a man ( imag9ation4 ,god 0 to him a sublime vision1 a reflect$ glory ( ! pa/4 ,to him1 an int5se admir] ( ! beautiful1 trees1 hills1 & valleys1 & ! ph5om5a ( nature 9 g5]al1 7 ! wond]s ( 8 imag9>y ,god4 ,he 0 a musician1 a poet1 a dream]1 9 8 mom5ts ( leisure4 ,ev]y?+ he beheld c\rt$1 k9dl$ 8 admiration1 awoke new feel+ 9 8 s5sitive nature1 f a pretty fl[] to a beautiful woman4 ,! conv]sations :i* he holds ) 8 vision>y ,god are ! simple/ & mo/ confid5tial4 ,he p\rs out 8 grievances & 8 delight to him4 ,?\ ha/ put gladness 9 my he>t4444 ,i w bo? lay me d[n 9 peace & sleep 7,ps4 iv1 #h1 #i74 ,t ,*ri/ian translators ( ! ,bible presume to int]pret c]ta9 passages & words to mean1 to =etell1 ?+s or ev5ts t occurr$ "o ?\s& ye>s lat]1 is an assumption1 & w>rantable nei!r by ! text nor by ! actions ( ! p]sons writ+ !m4 ,david is suppos$ to h writt5 ! ,psalms4 ,:5 he speaks he ref]s ma9ly to himself1 addresses himself p]sonally to 8 ,"l4 ,he1 ,david1 is himself int]e/$4 ,!n aga9 he speaks ( man & ?+s 9 g5]al1 )\t ev] allud+ to any "o ?+ or body 9 ! com+ future4 ,david's ,psalm ii is head$ ,! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,! writ] _h no m idea ( ,*ri/ ?an he _h ( ,pet] ! ,great at ! "t t t ,psalm 0 writt54 ,david wrote "o hundr$ & fifty ,psalms z pr9t$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,9 ! head+s1 ! sup]scriptions1 ! solicitude ( ,*ri/ian believ]s1 try+ to torture mean+s & significations out ( s5t5ces or expressions1 l$ !m to commit gross errors1 z false z !y are ridicul\s4 ,judge = y\rself3 ,psalm ii1 #a--,! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,:y d ! hea!n rage1 & ! p imag9e va9 ?+s8 ,v]se #aj3 ,be wise1 n[ !re=e1 ,o ye k+s2 be in/ruct$ ye judges ( ! e>?4 ,psalm xlv1 #a--,! maje/y & ,grace ( ,*ri/'s ,k+dom4 ,my he>t is indit+ a good matt]2 ,i speak ( ! ?+s :i* ,i h made t\*+ ! k+2 my tongue is ! p5 ( a ready writ]4 ,v]se #aj--,! ,duty ( ! ,*ur*1 etc4 ,he>k51 ,o daught]1 & consid]1 & incl9e ?9e e>2 =get also ?9e own p1 & ?y fa!r's h\se4 ,psalm xlvi1 #a--;,confid5ce ,:i* ! ,*ur*1 etc4 ,god is our refuge & /r5g?1 a v pres5t help 9 tr\ble4 ,psalm xlvii--,! ,nations are ,exhort$ ,*e]fully to ,ent]ta9 ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,psalm xlviii--,! ,ornam5ts & ,privileges ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 n "o ( ^! ,psalms is !re ! slighte/ allusion to a *ur*4 ,x is ! extravagant language ( an exub]ant m9d1 ! outcome ( an ov]wr\ght imag9ation ^u ! subject he 0 ?9k+ ab\t4 ,psalm l1 #a--,! ,maje/y ( ,god 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,psalm li1 #ah--;,he ,praye? = ! ,*ur*4 ,psalm lxviii1 #g--;,= ,8 ,c>e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,psalm lxxii1 #a--;,david ,pray+ = ,solomon1 etc42 & ,! ,tru? ( ,*ri/'s ,k+dom4 ,psalm xciii--,! ,maje/y & ,p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,k+dom4 ,psalm cxviii1 #ai--;,com+ ( ,*ri/'s ,k+dom1 etc4 ,! passage ref]r$ to1 viz41 v]se #ai1 is3 ,op5 to me ! gates ( righte\sness2 ,i w g into !m1 & ,i w praise ! ,"l4 ,! absurdity ( ! int]pretation is evid5t f ! fact t out ( "o hundr$ & fifty ,psalms ! ,*ri/ian ,bible-mak]s 7 able to f9d only five t c\ld be twi/$ to make allusion to ,*ri/--! ii1 xlv1 lxxii1 xcviii1 & cxviii1 & f ^! c]ta9 s5t5ces 7 select$1 & ^! v]ses h z mu* connection ) ,*ri/ or 8 k+dom z !y h ) ! man 9 ! moon4 ,six ( all ! *apt]s are suppos$ to allude to ! *ur*2 ^? are above cit$4 ,david _h n ! remote/ notion :at w\ld or c\ld happ5 at any "t dur+ 8 life1 or at any "t aft] 8 dea?4 ,he 0 a *ild ( circum/ances l ,saul1 & l _m o!r m5 aft] & be=e !m4 ,! same may be said ( ,moses & ,abraham4 ,opportunity makes ! man1 if ! man is fitt+1 able1 to seize ! opportunity :5 x occurs4 ,no sup]natural p[] _h any?+ to d ) any "o ( ^! m51 or any man t figur$ 9 ! ,bible1 any m ?an ,god _h to d ) m5 t play$ prom95t p>ts z lead]s1 rul]s1 k+s1 or gov]nors ( o!r nations4 ,:atev] p[]1 skill1 intellect1 or imag9ation 0 develop$1 x 0 ! prop] sum-total ( ! exp]i5ce1 obs]vation1 & in/ruction ( ! _w's progress4 ,! ,hebrews p]haps _h special advantages 9 "s respects ov] o!r nations1 ?r\gh _! migratory in/9ct or incl9ation4 ,! contact ) s _m o!r nations gave !m ! advantage ( a broad] exp]i5ce & a great] v>iety ( culture4 ,david _h enjoy$ special advantages4 ,aft] 8 fir/ h]oic action1 he became ! lead] ( a b& ( desp]adoes4 ,& ,saul himself unwitt+ly help$ him1 by mak+ ! b>ga9 ) ,david t if he1 ,david1 br\ght him "o hundr$ =esk9s ( ! ,phili/9es1 ,saul w\ld give him 8 daught] ,mi*al = wife4 ,david ) 8 b& ( *os5 m5 br\ght him two hundr$1 & ?us obta9$ 8 wife ,mi*al4 ,h5ce=? ,david leads a k9d ( b&it's life1 ) 8 six hundr$ brave foll[]s1 evad+ ,saul1 :o is 9 hot pursuit ( him1 & meantime fight+ o!r nations1 ,phili/9es1 ,amalekites1 etc42 levy+ contributions1 mak+ conque/s1 :5ev] & :]ev] !re 0 a *ance2 fall+ 9 love easily & gracefully z ! mo/ exp]t lead] ( a gallant b&4 ,! pretty1 attractive face ( ,abigail1 ! wife ( ,nabal1 0 an irresi/ible temptation4 ,nabal di$ f fright1 x is said4 ,lat] 9 life :5 he happ5$ to ca/ 8 eyes ^u ! beautiful nude figure ( ,ba?%eba1 he imm$iately fell 9 love4 ,s9ce he 0 a man ( action he satisfi$ 8 passion almo/ imm$iately1 & poor ,uriah1 a capta9 ( 81 0 s5t to ! w> to be kill$4 ,he 0 a %rewd & bold w>rior1 a great lov] ( woman1 a philosoph] & a poet4 ,8 ,psalms be> witness ( 8 acts1 de$s1 & ?\ghts4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 ov]9dulg5ce ) wom5 he contract$ a disease1 a disease ( :i* he compla9s mo/ bitt]ly4 ,psalm iv3 ,8 bones are vex$1 he is we>y ) groan+--,all night make ,i my b$ to swim2 ,i wat] my c\* ) my te>s 7v]se #f74 ,psalm xxxviii3 ,he is 9 a sad plight3 v]se #c3 ,!re is no s\ndness 9 my fle%2 v]se #e3 ,my w\nds /9k & are corrupt because ( my fooli%ness2 v]se #g3 ,= my lo9s are fill$ ) a loa?some disease2 & !re is no s\ndness 9 my fle%1 etc4 ,! g5tleman 9 all probability 0 afflict$ ) a disease kn[n z syphilis 9 its t]ti>y /age4 ,!re is m ( x4 ,a sob] read+ ( ^! psalms w f9d !m full ( indications ( human nature ) its frailties1 weaknesses1 impulses1 mix$ ) sup]/iti\s fe>1 a vivid imag9ation1 & an excitable temp]am5t4 ,:5 8 greatness _h be5 e/abli%$1 _m conque/s made1 great weal? accumulat$1 num]\s victories ga9$1 fe/ivities 7 inaugurat$4 ,9 ord] to honor ,god & ! ark1 ,david danc$ & jump$ 9 complete undress be=e ! ,box1 9 a true half-civiliz$ fa%ion4 ,we mu/ n consid] all ^! acts z faults4 ,he simply foll[$ ! cu/oms ( ! age4 ,he 0 ! highe/ repres5tative type ( ! !n /ruggl+ civilization4 ,samuel began1 ,saul develop$1 & ,david consummat$ a new era ( ?is "p ( ! _w ( human hi/ory--:ile o!r sections ( ! globe 7 keep+ abrea/ 9 organiz+ & drill+ ! human race to a high] sort ( culture1 =m+ nations1 e/abli%+ k+doms1 produc+ h]oes1 evolv+ lawgiv]s & poets1 & advanc+ 9 ! arts & w>1 etc4 ,david di$ sev5ty ye>s ( age1 leav+ a l>ge & num]\s family4 ,( 8 score ( sons1 !re is none wor? talk+ ab\t1 except ,solomon1 8 successor4 ,! imm5se weal? he amass$ laid ! f\ndation = ! glory ( ,solomon1 :o sp5t x lavi%ly1 luxuri\sly1 freely4 ,all 9 all ,david 0 an excell5t "*4 ,he pres]v$ ! ,twelve ,tribes1 exalt+ ! nation1 consolidat+ ! gov]nm5t1 mak+ x respect$ & fe>$ )\t1 & giv+ !m by 8 valor peace & security & prosp]ity = ! next rul] & = ! nation4 ,?is "y g5tleman1 ,solomon1 h[ev]1 _h be5 f$ ) a gold5 spoon4 ,8 s5ses & 8 passions 7 prematurely ripe4 ,he did n h to se>* = opportunity2 8 desires 7 easily accommodat$ & satisfi$4 ,8 indulg5ces 7 _m & frequ5t1 & 8 au?ority & arbitr>9ess 7 soon made manife/4 ,he 0 surr\nd$ ) ! be/ s*ol>s ( ! day1 & :atev] facilities 7 !n to be _h 7 got1 ei!r 9 philosophical works or 9 o!r books4 ,! high] /udies consi/$ 9 close obs]vance ( moral conduct1 & contemplation ( ! out] _w )\t kn[+ any?+ m ?an ! outw>d appe>ances4 ,sci5ce1 art1 & me*anics 7 little kn[n4 ,! s*ool ( poesy _h begun4 ,!ological disputes 7 9 fa%ion1 & ?us !ological d\bt furni%$ ample food = conjecture1 hypo!sis1 & imag9ation4 ,m5 _h already ent]$ ! field ( controv]sy z to ! falsity or ! tru? ( ! prevail+ op9ions4 ,k+ ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 ! greate/ %[man ^u e>? at ! "t he 0 liv+4 ,let x be und]/ood t x is n our purpose to write hi/ory4 ,t has long s9ce be5 exhau/$2 no?+ new c be discov]$4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be pr(itable to call att5tion to ! fact t all ^! m5 t figure 9 ! scripture 7 human1 p]fectly human4 ,t !y act$ & spoke 9 accordance ) ! prevail+ degree ( intellig5ce & cu/oms ( nations4 ,t 9 all _! deal+s & do+s !re is n "o sc9tilla ( evid5ce t !y 7 any?+ else ?an p]fectly natural4 ,t !y 7 /ruggl+ z a nation = a position among ! family ( nations4 ,t _! me?ods ( w>f>e 7 no bett] ?an ^? ( _! neighbors4 ,by good g5]al%ip1 brave conduct1 & h>d fight+ !y ga9$ influ5ce1 afflu5ce1 & pre/ige4 ,by _! conque/s & victories !y got into possession ( a fair tract ( l&4 ,by robb]y & plund] !y amass$ an imm5se am\nt ( weal?4 ,by _! cont9ual successes "u ,david's brave lead]%ip !y secur$ peace f _! enemies1 _! surr\nd+ neighbors2 :ile ^? nations 7 subdu$ & weak5$1 ! ,israelites became p[]ful & /rong4 ,a well-discipl9$ army1 a /rong & unit$ nation1 0 ! inh]itance ,solomon receiv$4 ,he 0 ! pr9ce-royal--8 fa!r a clev] k+1 & 8 "m ! capta9's wife1 ,mrs4 ,ba?%eba1 lat] que5-wife ( ,david4 ,he 0 ! fir/ real pr9ce t _h ev] rul$ ,israel--& also ! "o t caus$ _! ru91 z a nation1 by 8 extravagant & lascivi\s conduct4 ,! scriptural /ory beg9s 9 ,k+s1 ) ! dea? ( ,david4 ,solomon1 ! pr9ce ( ! blood1 0 n[ k+ 9 8 /ead4 ,he asc5d$ ! ?rone :5 he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 hav+ receiv$ e educational advantage ( a pr9ce4 ,he1 aft] ,moses1 is ! second rul] ( ,israel t _h be5 in/ruct$ & prep>$ = ! high position he 0 ab\t to occupy4 ,t is ! only comp>ison t c be made betwe5 him & ,moses4 ,! latt] 0 a giant ( intellect1 action1 & det]m9ation1 :ile ! =m] 0 a luxuri\s debau*ee & squ&]] ( 8 fa!r's patrimony4 ,:y !re %\ld be s mu* adoration & adulation p\r$ out on ?is man1 ,i fail to see4 ,because he built ! temple & made pr(use exhibition ( 8 gold & silv]8 ,he c\ld n h built x if 8 fa!r _h n plund]$ o!r nations1 & giv5 him1 ,solomon1 ! money to build )4 ,because he _h an imm5se numb] ( *>iots & soldi]s1 deck$ ) co/ly trapp+s8 ,! money 0 !re to provide ^! )1 & lat] ! p 7 pretty heavily tax$ = 8 extravagance4 ,! only real po9t ( glory may p]haps lie 9 ! fact t he _h "o ?\s& wom5 to play )4 ,we all "k t he beats ! record on t p>ticul> bran* ( human ent]prise4 ,!re 0 truly none l him be=e or s9ce4 ,& la/ly1 we h 8 purport$ writ+s1 consi/+ ( ! ,prov]bs1 ,ecclesia/es1 & ! ,songs ( ,solomon4 ,no soon] 0 he seat$ on 8 ?rone ?an he began to remove all objectionable p]sons1 ^? t 7 likely to be tr\blesome or dang]\s4 ,8 eld] bro!r1 ,adonijah1 ^: aspiration l$ him to great ?+s1 0 dispat*$ by ,b5aiah1 ,solomon's future g5]al4 ,abia?>1 ! prie/1 he remov$ :]e he c\ld d lea/ damage4 ,joab1 ,david's g5]al1 :o s\ght ! alt> ( ! temple = protection1 ,solomon ord]$ ,b5aiah to behead4 ,zadock he made high prie/ 9 place ( ,abia?>4 ,%imei 0 ! next man on ! li/ = dea?1 & ,b5aiah receiv$ ord] to kill him4 ,hav+ remov$ all dang]\s or antagoni/ic m51 ,solomon settl$ himself firmly 9 8 k+dom4 ,^? t are curi\s may read all ab\t ! ,temple1 8 h\se1 ! wall1 *]ubim1 vessels & ! l ( gold1 ! royal palace1 spl5dors1 etc41 etc4 ,he became :at is t]m$ a glori\s k+1 b luxury & wom5 soon _h _! effect ^u 8 judgm5t4 ,he _h rea*$ ! z5i? ( ,israel's greatness4 ,he _h t\*$ ! highe/ po9t ( its em95ce4 ,x 0 ! gold5 age ( ! ,hebrews--! age ( pomp1 pride1 braggadocio1 & exhil>ation4 ,j]usalem became ! great c5t] ( attraction4 ,ev]y?+ obta9able 0 collect$ )9 its walls4 ,no exp5se 0 sp>$4 ,inde$1 ! city became ! c5t] ( luxury1 extravagance1 & lic5ti\sness4 ,& ,solomon 0 surely1 ?\gh sl[ly1 pav+ ! way = ! de/ruction ( ! nation4 ,! old] he grew ! worse he got4 ,8 reason gradually des]t$ him2 he wa/$ 8 en]gy & 8 /r5g? on 8 wom51 s t :5 he di$ he 0 despis$1 if n hat$1 by 8 p4 ,& he left su* a rott5 condition ( affairs t x tumbl$ to pieces almo/ be=e he 0 dead4 ,9 ! c\rse ( human ev5ts1 c]ta9 results foll[ a giv5 l9e ( conduct 9 ! affairs ( man4 ,! curr5t ( ev5ts dep5ds ^u our actions1 :e!r good or bad1 bett] or worse4 ,dra9 or wa/e ( =ce & en]gy1 ( an individual or ( a collective body z a community1 /ate1 or nation1 sl[ly b surely weak5s1 und]m9+ ! natural heal?y condition1 & ultimately leads to a break+ d[n1 & may br+ ab\t a f9al dis9tegration4 ,solomon began 8 reign ) an abundance4 ,he _h a pl5ty bo? ( means & heal?2 a mo/ extraord9>y opportunity1 ) an ample tra9+ & education2 an imm5se1 well-organiz$ army2 a /able1 firm gov]nm5t1 ) a full quota ( und]/&+ or wisdom4 ,z a rule m5 get wis] z !y gr[ old]4 ,!y acquire great] delib]ation1 s\nd] judgm5t1 bett] und]/&+1 m skill 9 ! managem5t ( affairs1 ( man & ( /ate4 ,!y are g5]ally m cons]vative 9 _! actions1 m cauti\s 9 _! deal+s1 m ab/emi\s 9 _! desires4 ,_! pleasures are re/rict$1 _! passions subdu$1 _! wants few1 & _! pursuits 9 life s ev5ly regulat$1 _! conduct s accurately adju/$1 t a ju/ice & a wisdom seem to gu>d e ?\ght & e reflection4 ,solomon's c\rse 0 l t ( a balloon4 ,he />t$ *ockfull ( wisdom4 ,he 0 a m>vel1 & made a prodigi\s %[4 ,he 0 a />tl+ ph5om5on1 ! wond] ( ! age4 7,y "k he ask$ ,god = wisdom & ,god gave x to him2 :y did n ,god keep him wise87 ,9 old age he lack$ wisdom4 ,he _h almo/ gr[n into a s5seless imbecile4 ,he 0 a squ&]] ( en]gy1 a r\1 a debau*ee1 a frivol\s & lic5ti\s old man :o fritt]$ away 8 "t & 8 bra9s on 8 wom5 & _! play?+s4 ,:5 ! pomp1 pride1 vanity1 %[1 & blu/] ( 8 y\? & manhood 7 exhau/$1 all !re 0 left 0 ! remnants ( a gl>+ pa9t$ %[4 ,he _h1 z x 71 danc$ & skipp$ & cap]$1 sung & spok5 8 l9es1 9 a blaze ( glory & extravaganza on ! /age ( human affairs2 ! curta9 drops1 & alas1 y behold1 :5 ! pa9t & gorge\s dress are remov$1 a simp]+1 bra9less old image-wor%ip]4 ,b :at a colossal *ur* figure ?is man makes6 ,:at a miracul\s p]sonality he is made to be6 ,:at a wond]ful creation ( ! ,*ri/ians' ,god6 ,a pity "s pope has n canoniz$ him & manufactur$ him into a sa9t4 ,z to 8 writ+s--if he really wrote !m1 & !y 7 n compil$ or writt5 = him--x is to be regrett$ t 8 conduct 0 n regulat$ by !m4 ,a mo/ a/oni%+ p]v]sion ( tru? is ! attribution to ! eight *apt]s ( ! ,song ( ,solomon ( ! subject ( ! *ur*'s love unto ,*ri/4 ,! foll[+ are ! *ief int]pretations3 ,*apt] i1 v]se #a3 ,! song ( songs1 :i* is ,solomon's4 ,mean+--,! *ur*'s love unto ,*ri/4 ,v]se #e3 ,i am black1 b comely1 ,o ye daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 z ! t5ts ( ,k$>1 z ! curta9s ( ,solomon4 ,mean+--,%e confesse? h] de=mity4 ,v]se #g3 ,tell me1 ,o ?\ :om my s\l love?1 :]e ?\ fe$e/1 :]e ?\ make/ ?y flock to re/ at noon1 etc4 ,mean+--,& praye? to be direct$ to 8 flock4 ,v]se #h3 ,if ?\ "k n1 ,o ?\ faire/ among wom51 g ?y way =?1 etc4 ,mean+--,*ri/ directe? h] to ! %eph]d's t5t4 ,v]se #i3 ,i h comp>$ !e1 ,o my love1 to a company ( horses 9 ,ph>aoh's *>iots4 ,mean+--,& %[+ 8 love to h]4 ,v]se #aa3 ,we w make !e bord]s ( gold & /uds ( silv]4 ,mean+--,give? h] graci\s promise4 ,v]se #ab3 ,:ile ! k+ sitte? at 8 table1 my spik5>d s5de? =? ! smell !re(4 ,mean+--,! *ur* & ,*ri/ congratulate ea* o!r4 ,*apt] ii1 v]se #a3 ,i am ! rose ( ,%>on & lily ( ! valley4 ,mean+--,! mutual love ( ,*ri/ & 8 *ur*4 ,v]se #h3 ,! voice ( my belov$6 behold1 he come? leap+ ^u ! m\nta9s1 skipp+ ^u ! hills4 ,mean+--,! hope4 ,v]se #aj3 ,my belov$ spake & said unto me1 ,rise up1 my love1 my fair "o1 & come away4 ,mean+--,! call+ ( ! *ur*4 ,v]se #ad3 ,o my dove1 t art 9 ! clefts ( ! rocks1 9 ! secret places ( ! /airs1 let me see ?y c\nt5ance1 let me he> ?y voice2 = sweet is ?y voice1 & ?y c\nt5ance is comely4 ,mean+--,*ri/'s c>e ( ! *ur*4 ,v]se #af3 ,my belov$ is m9e & ,i am 83 he fe$e? among ! lilies4 ,mean+--,! pr(ession ( ! *ur*1 h] fai? & hope4 ,*apt] iii1 v]se #a3 ,by night on my b$ ,i s\ght him :om my s\l love?3 ,i s\ght him1 b ,i f\nd him n4 ,mean+--,! *ur*'s fight & victory 9 temptation4 ,v]se #f3 ,:o is ?is t come? out ( ! wild]ness l pill>s ( smoke1 p]fum$ ) myrrh1 & frank9c5se1 ) all ! p[d]s ( ! m]*ant8 ,mean+--,! *ur* glorie? 9 ,*ri/4 ,*apt] iv1 v]se #a3 ,behold ?\ art fair1 my love1 behold ?\ art fair2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes )9 ?y locks3 ?y hair is l a flock ( goats t appe> f ,m\nt ,gilead4 ,mean+--,*ri/ sette? =? ! graces ( ! *ur*4 ,v]se #h3 ,come ) me f ,lebanon1 my sp\se1 etc4 ,mean+--,he %[e? 8 love to h]4 ,v]se #af3 ,awake ,o nor? w9d2 & come ?\ s\?2 bl[ ^u my g>d51 t ! spices !re( may fl[ out4 ,let my belov$ come into 8 g>d5 & eat 8 pleasant fruits4 ,mean+--,! *ur* praye? to be made fit = 8 pres5ce4 ,*apt] v1 v]se #a3 ,i am come into my g>d51 my si/]1 my sp\se4 ,i h ga!r$ my myrrh ) my spice2 ,i h eat5 my honeycomb ) my honey2 ,i h drunk my w9e ) my milk2 eat ,o fri5ds2 dr9k ye1 dr9k abundantly1 ,o belov$4 ,mean+--,*ri/ awake? 8 *ur* ) 8 call+4 ,v]se #b3 ,i sleep1 b my he>t wake?1 x is ! voice ( my belov$ t knocke?1 say+1 ,op5 to me1 my si/]1 my love1 my dove1 my und5t$2 = my head is fill$ ) dew1 & my locks ) ! drops ( ! night4 ,mean+--,! *ur* hav+ a ta/e ( ,*ri/'s love1 is sick ( love4 ,v]se #i3 ,:at is my belov$ m ?an ano!r belov$1 ,o ?\ faire/ among wom58 ,:at is ?y belov$ m ?an ano!r belov$1 t ?\ do/ s *>ge u8 ,mean+--,a description ( ,*ri/ & 8 graces4 ,*apt] vi1 v]se #a3 ,:i!r is my belov$ gone1 ,o ?\ faire/ among wom58 ,:i!r is my belov$ turn$ aside8 t we may seek him ) !m4 ,mean+--,! *ur* pr(esse? h] fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,v]se #d3 ,?\ art beautiful1 ,o my love1 z ,tirzah1 comely z ,j]usalem1 t]rible z an army ) bann]s4 ,mean+--,*ri/ %[e? ! grace ( ! *ur*4 ,v]se #aj3 ,:o is %e t looke? =? z ! morn+1 fair z ! moon1 cle> z ! sun1 & t]rible z an army ) bann]s8 ,mean+--,& 8 love t[>ds h]4 ,*apt] vii1 v]se #a3 ,h[ beautiful are ?y feet ) %oes1 ,o pr9ce's daught]6 ! jo9ts ( ?y ?ighs are l jewels1 ! "w ( ! h&s ( a cunn+ workman4 ,mean+--,a fur!r description ( ! *ur*'s graces4 ,v]se #aj3 ,i am my belov$'s1 & 8 desire is t[>ds me4 ,mean+--,! *ur* pr(esse? h] fai? & desire4 ,*apt] viii1 v]se #a3 ,o t ?\ w]t z my bro!r1 t suck$ ! brea/s ( my "m6 ,:5 ,i %\ld f9d !e )\t1 ,i w\ld kiss !e2 yea1 ,i %\ld n be despis$4 ,mean+--,! love ( ! *ur* to ,*ri/4 ,v]se #f3 ,set me z a seal ^u ?9e he>t1 z a seal ^u ?9e arm1 = love is z /rong z dea?2 jeal\sy z cruel z ! grave2 ! coals !re( are coals ( fire1 :i* ha? a mo/ vehem5t flame4 ,mean+--,! vehem5cy ( love4 ,v]se #h3 ,we h a little si/]2 & %e ha? no brea/s2 :at %all we d = our si/] 9 ! day :5 %e %all be spok5 =8 ,mean+--,! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,v]se #ad3 ,make ha/e1 my belov$1 & be ?\ l to a roe or to a "y h>t ^u ! m\nta9 ( spices4 ,mean+--,! *ur* praye? = ,*ri/'s com+4 ,^! are ! v]ses specifically int]pret$ & m>k$ = ,*ri/ian wor%ip]s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! mo/ dec5t 7 select$4 ,to say ! int]pretations are absurd1 is putt+ x v mildly4 ,solomon _h no m idea ( ,*ri/ ?an he _h ( ! laws ( gravitation4 ,he 0 describ+ & writ+ ab\t t :i* 0 con/antly occupy+ 8 m9d & 8 "t4 ,he portrays a love-sick swa91 ) all ! details t are pleas+ bo? to 8 eye & to 8 fancy4 ,he gloats & fe$s ^u 8 passions1 ?us3 ,8 left h& %\ld be "u my head1 & 8 "r h& %\ld embrace me 7viii1 #d74 ,h[ fair & h[ pleasant art ?\1 ,o love1 = delights 7vii1 #f74 ,!re are ?reescore que5s & f\rscore concub9es1 & virg9s )\t numb] 7vi1 #h74 ,8 m\? is mo/ sweet2 yea1 he is altoge!r lovely4 ,?is is my belov$1 etc4 7v1 #af74 ,?y lips1 ,o my sp\se1 drop z ! honeycomb2 honey & milk are "u ?y tongue 7iv1 #aa74 ,behold 8 b$1 :i* is ,solomon's2 ?reescore valiant m5 are ab\t x1 etc4 7iii1 #g74 ,8 left h& is "u my head1 & 8 "r h& do? embrace me 7ii1 #f74 ,behold ?\ art fair1 my love1 behold ?\ art fair2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes 7i1 #ae74 ,x is an outrage on dec5cy ev5 to attempt to con/rue ! int5t ( ^! songs4 ,! man sang ab\t 8 woman1 l any o!r swa9 :o delights 9 8 love4 ,solomon enjoy$ nude beauties1 z _m m5 d 9 our day1 & he repres5t$ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! female anatomy mo/ accurately4 ,he revel$ 9 ! luxuri\s contemplation ( !m4 ,pull d[n ! curta9 ( hypocrisy & falsehood & let's h ! tru?--z x 01 z x is4 ,solomon di$ at a pretty fair old age1 hav+ liv$ n9ety-f\r ye>s4 ,! c\ntry _h be5 h>ass$ by robb]s1 ! factions began to be re/less1 conspiracies 7 =m+1 & ! p 7 n]v\sly yet pati5tly wait+ = a *ance to revolt4 ,no soon] 0 he dead ?an ! nation split into two k+doms4 ,h5ce=? ?is p z a nation is doom$4 ,x soon disappe>s f ! family ( nations4 ,b--:]e is ,jehova all ?is :ile8 ,note4--,solomon's wick$ness became intol]able1 fully confirm+ my =m] obs]vations1 t 8 wick$ness began e>ly & cont9u$ v long 7,josephus1 ,bk4 viii1 ,*apt] vii74 ,,! ,,two ,,k+doms--,,judah1 ,,israel4 ,david 0 dead2 ,joab ! great g5]al _h be5 decapitat$ by ,solomon2 & :at ,samuel1 ,saul1 & ,david _h built up1 ,solomon _h be5 v successful 9 pull+ d[n4 ,t5 tribes revolt$ imm$iately & =m$ ! k+dom ( ,israel1 select+ ,j]oboam z _! k+1 #ige ,b4,c4 ,9 ord] to e/abli% a *ur*1 a temple1 ( 8 own1 & 8 own gods1 ,j]oboam made two gold5 heif]s & built two little temples = !m1 claim+ t m5 _h built ! ,temple at ,j]usalem z m5 _h built ! temples "h1 & s !re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,besides1 !y w\ld save ! j\rney to ,j]usalem4 ,?is *ange 0 imm$iately put into effect4 ,"o class or tribe 0 dissatisfi$4 ,^? 7 ! ,levites1 & !y emigrat$ to ,judea4 ,?is new k+dom ( ,israel 0 n ov]-tranquil4 ,prophets1 & /ump orators1 agitators1 naturally arose4 ,diss5sion1 bick]+1 & qu>rels appe>$4 ,! outlook = ! k+dom 0 n ( ! brighte/4 ,meantime ,j]oboam 0 9 clov]4 ,rehoboam1 ! son ( ,solomon1 0 made k+ ( ! two tribes1 ,judah ! fight+ tribe & ,b5jam9 ! k+-giv+ tribe4 ,besides ^! two tribes1 we mu/ n =get ! ,levites1 = because ( !m 8 k+dom 0 augm5t$4 ,! prie/s ( all ,israel 7 ,levites1 & !re 7 q a multitude ( !m4 ,rehoboam 0 a ,solomon on a v small scale4 ,he _h only eighte5 wives & ?irty concub9es1 & tw5ty-eight sons & ?reescore daught]s4 ,he foll[$ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps & l$ a jolly life1 z we %\ld call x 9 our pres5t age4 ,9 #iga1 f\r ye>s aft] he asc5d$ ! ?rone1 ,%i%ka1 k+ ( ,egypt1 kn[+ ( all ! gold & silv] ,solomon _h /uck into ! ,temple1 invad$ ,judea ) "s f\r hundr$ ?\s& m51 etc41 )\t opposition1 cle>$ ! temple ( all ! gold & ev]y?+ ( value1 & return$ home )\t /rik+ a bl[4 ,rehoboam 0 a c[>d1 he 0 afraid4 ,z soon z ,judea 0 cle> ( ,%i%ka's army1 ,rehoboam _h ^! gold ornam5ts t _h =m]ly decorat$ ! temple1 :i* _h be5 c>ri$ away by ,%i%ka1 replac$ by brass trimm+s ( ! same make & /yle1 & deliv]$ !m to ! keep] ( ! k+'s palace4 ,^! p 7 too l _! bre?r5 9 ,israel1 = !y built !m high places1 & images1 & groves on e hill1 & "u e gre5 tree 7#a ,k+s xiv1 #bc74 ,& !re 0 w> betwe5 ,rehoboam & ,j]oboam all ! days ( 8 life 7#a ,k+s xv1 #f74 ,^! two nations !re=e h be5 laun*$ at a pretty fair pace on ! d[nhill grade4 ,judah1 h[ev]1 _h ! be/ ( x4 ,= ! k+dom ( ,israel la/$ only two hundr$ & fifty-f\r ye>s4 ,%almanez]1 k+ ( ,n9eveh1 takes ,sam>ia & c>ries ! ,t5 ,tribes into captivity4 ,^! are :at are usually kn[n z ! lo/ tribes4 ,lo/ nons5ses6--!y _h =sak5 _! =m] me?od ( wor%ip & adopt$ ano!r4 ,! k+dom ( ,judah la/$ to ! "t ! ,temple 0 burnt1 #ehh ,b4,c41 hav+ la/$ ?ree hundr$ & eighty-sev5 ye>s--"o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree ye>s long] ?an ! k+dom ( ,israel4 ,& :at is m1 ^! are ! v ,jews t are scatt]$ all ov] ! _w4 ,^! latt] are ! repres5tatives ( ^! ?ree tribes1 ,levi1 ,b5jam91 & ,judah4 ,& if any p]son is curi\s en\gh to inquire ( any ,jew to :at tribe he belongs1 he w receive ! answ] t he belongs to "o ( ! ?ree above m5tion$1 t orig9ally =m$ ! k+dom ( ,judah4 ,:y !y 7 pres]v$ is no?+ miracul\s4 ,x has no?+ to d ) ,god or ,jehova1 or ! ark1 or any special grace1 z p g5]ally believe4 ,! reason is pla9 & p]fectly natural4 ,! ,levites pres]v$ !m1 ! ,levites su/a9$ !m1 ! ,levites 7 ! bra9y race4 ,! ,levites1 ! prie/ly tribe :o 7 appo9t$ by ,moses1 himself "o ( t tribe1 to be ! rul]s1 gov]nors1 lawgiv]s1 fo/]]s1 prie/s & prea*]s1 7 ! bra9 ( ! :ole nation4 ,!y clung to ! idea ( nationhood ) all _! prie/ly might1 craft1 & +5uity1 & are /ill cl++ to x1 ) all _! might & ma94 ,judah & ,b5jam9 surviv$ only because ( ! ,levites4 ,,! ,,miracle-,,mong]s4 ,at #ieh ,b4,c4 ,abijah is k+ ov] ,judah4 ,he reigns only ?ree ye>s4 ,k+ ,asa foll[s1 #iee4 ,nadab foll[s ,j]oboam1 k+ ( ,israel2 dies2 & ,baa%a reigns 9 #ied4 ,& !re 0 w> betwe5 ,asa1 & ,baa%a k+ ( ,israel1 all _! days 7#a ,k+s xv1 #af74 ,^! facts g to %[ t fight+ cont9u$ betwe5 ,israel & ,judah4 ,=eign p[]s are n[ invit$ to help1 & ! /ruggle cont9ues4 ,9 #iah ,ahab is k+ ( ,israel4 ,x is dur+ 8 reign t a new class ( m5 rise1 agitators1 talk]s1 prophets1 & small miracle-mak]s4 ,elijah makes 8 appe>ance4 ,jehu _h already prophesi$ aga9/ ,baa%a2 he 0 a m9or /> 9 ! field ( prophecy4 ,elijah ! ,ti%bite1 :o 0 ( ! inhabitants ( ,gilead1 said unto ,ahab1 etc41 says #a ,k+s xvii1 #a4 ,ahab 0 k+ ( ,israel #iah4 ,no miracles are report$ to h occurr$ aft] ,moses4 ,jo%ua did n p]=m any1 except t incid5t ab\t ! sun4 ,dur+ all ^! c5turies f #addc1 ! date ( ,jo%ua's dea?1 up to ! reign ( ,ahab1 n a miracle-mak] appe>s4 ,!re are /rong m51 bad m51 fight+ m51 prie/s1 brave g5]als1 v wick$ m51 etc41 b none p]=ms a miracle4 ,ano!r class ( m5 are soon to appe>4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 d n make _! appe>ance until a c5tury lat]1 or s4 ,i mean ! n]v\s m51 ! vision>y dream]s & prophets ( ! type ( ,isaiah4 ,9 addition1 any numb] ( soo?say]s1 necromanc]s1 =tune-tell]s1 & quacks _h ent]$ into ! bus9ess ( miracle-mak+ on a small scale4 ,& a new s*ool ( skeptics & philosophic speculators sl[ly develop$4 ,civilization _h n advanc$ mu*1 b x nev]!less 0 progress+4 ,! m9ds ( m5 _h und]gone an evolution4 ,! ,jehova ( ,moses1 or ! simple ab/ract =m ( ! ,*aldean idol ( ,abraham1 _h lo/ its =ce1 pre/ige1 & importance4 ,! ark1 t sacr$ box1 is completely lo/ sight ( 9 ^! /irr+ times ( revolution1 rebellion1 diss5sion1 & fight+4 ,! high prie/ s9ce ! "t ( ,saul _h to take a subord9ate position4 ,he 0 ! m9or oracle1 ! fault-f9d]1 sometimes ! c\nselor1 b nev] ! lead]4 ,!re 0 also great competition among ! prophets4 ,! trade _h gr[n pr(itable1 consequ5tly false prophets1 z !y 7 t]m$1 7 try+ to ga9 royal favor4 ,! ideas ab\t ,god & ,jehova _h increas$ & multipli$4 ,disputes & confusion sway$ ! p4 ,idolatry fl\ri%$1 & ! ,gods ( ,abraham & ,moses 7 to "s ext5t /ill su/a9$ by ! relatives ( ! man :o creat$ ,jehova1 ,moses4 ,man's progress 9 ?\ght1 ! evolution ( ! human bra91 is sl[ & unc]ta91 especially :5 ! l9e ( advance is ( a speculative & problematic "*4 ,x is n l a sci5tific "q1 t c be demon/rat$2 accompani$ by actual pro( & absolute c]ta9ty2 ) no discussion or equivocation1 no d5ial or speculation2 :i* once e/abli%$ rema9s =ev] ! same4 ,euclid's geometry has nev] be5 disput$4 ,hippocrates 9 m$ic9e--:atev] he said t 0 kn[n & true1 rema9s un*ang$4 ,ev]y?+ t is bas$ ^u facts la/s =ev]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,jehova ,,takes ,a ,,re/4 ,god re/s & lets ! ,hebrews take c>e ( !mselves = a p]iod ( f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-six ye>s4 ,dur+ ^! sev]al c5turies we he> no?+ ( miracle or ( prophecy1 ( any importance4 ,9 fact1 we h pass$ ! only "t ,god or ,jehova made himself at all conspicu\s4 ,he nev] appe>$ aga9 s prom95tly4 ,he made 8 exit ) ,moses4 ,:5 we he> ( ,jehova x is b ! m]e e*o ( 8 =m] self4 ,x is n our purpose to exam9e or criticise ! balance ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b = ! sake ( %[+ h[ human & natural is all ! c\rse ( ^! p /ruggl+ & mak+ an attempt to exi/ z a nation1 x w be well to consid] ! actual /ate ( affairs ( ,god's p1 aft] !y _h become a nation4 ,jo%ua1 ! disciple ( ,moses1 ! g5]al & lead] aft] him1 subdu$ & conqu]$ ! t]ritory ,moses _h indicat$1 & divid$ ! l& among elev5 tribes4 ,he foll[$ ! example ( 8 ma/]4 ,he 0 a man ( resolution & en]gy1 & at ?is "t he _h a well-discipl9$ army4 ,he 0 quick & active 9 8 movem5ts1 ) ! pre/ige ( ,moses to back him4 ,he made w> on neighbor+ nations1 slaught]$1 hang$1 & conqu]$1 sp>+ no?+4 ,he 0 %rewd & /rategic4 ,he consolidat$ ! nation4 ,he 0 wise1 eloqu5t1 & p]suasive4 ,?is closes ! exi/5ce ( ! republican or !ocratic =m ( gov]nm5t1 n a v glori\s c>e] ( ! ,hebrews z a nation4 ,no?+ v rem>kable occurs dur+ ^! f\r c5turies1 b we h a v>iety ( incid5ts1 all int]wov5 ) sup]/iti\s notions ( a b>b>ic1 miracul\s nature4 ,besides ! introduction ( ! ,box1 call$ ! ark1 female agitators & h]o9es are introduc$4 ,debora & ,b>ak deliv] ! p f ,sis]a1 by means ( ,mrs4 ,jael ,heb]1 :o drives a t5t-nail ?r\gh 8 temple :ile he is asleep4 ,!n !re is great rejoic+ & ano!r miracle is p]=m$4 ,meantime !y 7 9 slav]y "u ! ,assyrians = eighty ye>s--fre$ by ,o?niel2 "u ! ,moabites eighte5 ye>s--fre$ by "o ,ehud4 ,"u ! ,canaanites !y 7 9 slav]y tw5ty ye>s1 & 7 deliv]$ by ,b>ak & ,debora4 ,! ,midianites afflict$ ! c\ntry = sev5 ye>s1 & ,gideon deliv]$ !m4 ,& ?is p]iod call$ ! era ( ! judges w9ds up ) ! ,b5jamites abus+ ! wife ( a ,levite1 f ! effects ( :i* %e dies4 ,!reupon ! husb& cuts ! body up 9 twelve pieces & s5ds "o to ea* ( ! ,twelve ,tribes--( c\rse ?r\gh 8 bro!r ,levites4 ,w> is made ^u ! ,b5jamites :]eby !y are ne>ly ext]m9at$4 ,lu/1 robb]y1 plund]1 slaught]1 sup]/ition1 & b>b>ism m>k$ ^! few c5turies ) little int]mission4 ,! ,levites _h utiliz$ ! "t 9 e/abli%+ ! *ur* & _! prie/ly ord]1 & t 0 actually ! gov]n+ p[] dur+ ! f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-six ye>s1 b always "u ! "n ( ! ,god ( ,moses1 & 0 !re=e designat$ ! !ocratic =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,i ask n[ 9 all s]i\sness1 c anyone possess+ a reasonable am\nt ( und]/&+ really believe t a ,god1 su* z ,jews & ,*ri/ians w\ld make u believe t ,jehova is1 c\ld behave 9 ! mann] recit$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! judges8 ,x is a poor god t _c re/ra9 8 p f committ+ crimes & depr$ations1 re/ra9+ _! brutal in/9cts & passions1 keep+ !m 9 ord]1 at peace among !mselves & ) o!rs4 ,^! inte/9e qu>rels began 9 ,moses's "t1 at ! =mation & organization ( ! ,jews z a nation1 & ceas$ only ) _! de/ruction4 ,! *ur* :i* 0 call$ into life by ,moses 0 firmly e/abli%$ dur+ ?is p]iod ) all ! prie/ly p>aph]nalia ( an ,egyptian temple4 ,a>on may rightly be consid]$ z ! fir/ pope ( ! *ur*1 & ! ,levites ! prie/ly tribe4 ,& ^! are ! g>m5ts :i* !y %all make2 a brea/plate1 & an ephod1 & a robe1 & a broid]$ coat1 a mit]1 & a girdle1 & !y %all make holy g>m5ts = ,a>on ?y bro!r1 & 8 sons1 t he may m9i/] unto me 9 ! prie/'s (fice4 ,& !y %all take gold1 & blue1 & purple1 & sc>let & f9e l95 7,ex4 xxviii1 #d1 #e74 ,^! !atrical g>m5ts we h to ?is day 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,"s additions h be5 made1 correspond+ & h>moniz+ ) ! ev5ts t h occurr$ s9ce4 ,we mu/ n = "o mom5t suppose t ! ,hebrews 7 ! only p t 7 active & /ruggl$ = exi/5ce--:i* exi/5ce 9 _! case ?is ,jehova ,*ri/5dom /ill looks ^u z mo/ miracul\s4 ,z a nation ! ,jews nev] inv5t$ any?+4 ,jehova is ! only ?+ humanity at l>ge has inh]it$1 & he has be5 a cause ( qu>rel & discord ev] s9ce4 ,jo%ua dies #addc & ,saul is made k+ #ajie4 ,o!r nations dur+ ?is p]iod advance m rapidly 9 civilization )\t ,god1 )\t ,jehova1 ?an ! ,hebrews d ) 8 assi/ance4 ,d>danus1 k+ ( ,troy1 is busy build+ cities #adhj ,b4,c4 ,danmoni invades ,irel& #adfc ,b4,c4 ,p]seus e/abli%es ! k+dom ( ,myc5e #adeg ,b4,c4 ,crock]y is made by ! ,greeks #adij ,b4,c4 ,all k9ds ( tools & weapons are be+ made4 ,at #adec ,olympic games are celebrat$ 9 ,greece4 ,h]cules makes 8 appe>ance & arrives 9 ,phrygia #abbe ,b4,c4 ,! ,trojan w> beg9s #aaid & ,hel5 elopes ) ,p>is #abjd ,b4,c4 ,lat9us 9 #abci reigns 9 ,italy4 ,9 #aada ! temple ( ,ephesus is burnt by ! ,amazons4 ,_m nations may be cit$ us+ danc+ music4 ,s++ _h already develop$4 ,i cite ^! few items to %[ t ! _w 0 do+ bravely )\t ,jehova or ,god4 ,9 #aaae ! ,*9ese n only knew ( ! m>9]'s compass1 b 7 compil+ a /&>d diction>y conta9+ =ty ?\s& *>act]s--:i* is said to h be5 complet$ by ,pa-aut-%e #aajj ,b4,c4 ,^! brief /atem5ts1 ^! few hi/orical facts--& !re are any numb] ( !m--,i recite = ! purpose ( %[+ t o!r nations develop$1 o!r k+doms exi/$1 o!r peoples _h already made consid]able advances 9 art1 sci5ce1 lawmak+1 gov]nm5t1 prie/craft1 )\t ,god1 )\t ,jehova1 )\t ! ark4 ,^! o!r nations _h _! oracles1 _! c]emonies1 _! cu/oms4 ,& :at is m1 !y /ill exi/ z nations4 ,!y no d\bt _h _! wond]s1 _! miracles1 _! spirits1 _! s\ls1 _! gho/s1 _! holy ( holies1 _! sanctums1 _! angels1 & _! div9ities1 & :atev] else has f "t to "t be5 inv5t$ to control & deceive ! masses & to satisfy ! prie/s4 ,:at ev]ybody %\ld und]/& is t ^! ,hebrews dur+ ! !ocratic =m ( gov]nm5t 7 no bett] ?an1 & 9 fact n s good z1 o!r nations1 or any ( _! neighbors4 ,! /age ( civilization has nev] yet advanc$ beyond ! natural capacity & capability ( ! p at any "t4 ,:atev] /age has be5 rea*$ 9 ! _w's progress 9 ! pa/1 x 0 9 h>mony & correspond$ ) ! degree ( n]v\s culture t _h be5 atta9$4 ,& j 9 proportion z ! s5ses 7 develop$1 intellig5ce & und]/&+ advanc$4 ,! s5ses are ! sole orig9ators ( ideas4 ,! collective exp]i5ce & tra9+ ( ^! s5ses becomes ! /&>d by :i* we may judge ! height ( k any class ( p may h rea*$4 ,nations kept pace ) "o ano!r1 copy+ f "o ano!r1 imitat+ or modify+ or improv+ ^? ?+s & conditions ) :i* !y 7 br\ght 9 contact1 :e!r by travel1 comm]cial int]c\rse1 or w>4 ,all ^! means ( communication s]v$ z a means ( ex*ang+ ideas1 ( adopt+1 reject+1 or improv+ :atev] degree ( civilization _h be5 atta9$4 ,at no "t has any individual1 community1 or nation be5 especially favor$ by any sup]natural end[m5t1 influ5ce1 or miracul\s contribution t[>ds _! advancem5t4 ,b ea* has always be5 improv$ by ! =ce1 en]gy1 p[]1 ( "s individual or individuals ^: tra9+ & education has be5 su* z to fit him or !m to conc5trate & c>ry out ! ideas t h p]haps be5 float+ = a great] or less] "t 9 ! intellectual atmosph]e4 ,:5 civilization has outgr[n ! swaddl+s ( ! times1 some?+ mu/ yield4 ,a *ange is sure to be effect$4 ,al?\gh x may n take place )\t a /ruggle1 or at once1 ultimately x w & mu/ atta9 ! necess>y accommodation4 ,*ange or revolution has nev] yet tak5 place )\t "s new ideas hav+ be5 evolv$4 ,d\bts h aris51 & processes ( reason+ h be5 set 9 motion1 plans made1 9 ord] to upset ! old ideas1 to replace !m by ! new4 ,new ideas & improvem5ts rip5 sl[ly4 ,! m9ds ( m5 are n ready to receive & adopt !m4 ,skepticism z to ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s makes way = ! new] & advanc$ condition ( affairs4 ,our und]/&+ & reason+ faculties are limit$ to ! /ate ( progress & ! /eps t h be5 made 9 ! advancem5t ( civilization4 ,we may be a little be=e our "t1 b nev] v mu*4 ,we c\ld nev] h _h an electric light if ,volta _h n discov]$ ! batt]y4 ,nor w\ld /eam p[] be s g5]ally us$ if ! m>quis ( ,worce/] _h n _h ! idea sugge/$ to him ,a4,d4 #affc ( a way to drive up wat] by fire1 etc4 ,m5 mu/ le>n to "k & und]/& t all k1 :e!r belong+ to my?ology1 idolatry1 fable1 romance1 !ology1 philosophy1 or sci5ce--all rules adopt$ = our mode ( conduct1 ei!r z individuals1 communities1 or gov]nm5ts--are ! products ( ! bra91 evolv$ by degrees by a p]fectly natural process4 ,& j z we advance f infancy to *ildhood1 f *ildhood to y\?1 f y\? to pub]ty1 f pub]ty to manhood1 f manhood to maturity1 f maturity to reason+1 f reason+ to judgm5t1 f judgm5t to wisdom1 s humanity has gone /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh _m ?\s&s ( c5turies p]haps1 sl[ly improv+ 9 intellig5ce1 accumulat+ exp]i5ce4 ,obs]v+ s _m ph5om5a 9 nature !y did n und]/&1 x 0 all surprise & wond]4 ,& n be+ able to acc\nt = !m1 9 consequ5ce ( ! infantile developm5t ( _! n]ve c5t]s1 admiration ( _! beauty & usefulness l$ to gratitude & wor%ip4 ,& !y at l5g? made !mselves images repres5t+ ^! extraord9>y phases4 ,?us idols 9 all probability orig9at$4 ,l *ildr5 ) dolls1 !y dress$ !m1 pa9t$ !m1 play$ ) !m1 imitat$ liv+ be+s 9 _! =m & %ape1 end[+ !m ) "s ( ! be/ human qualities or virtues kn[n to !m4 ,! collection ( ^! repres5tations1 especially ! mo/ prom95t ones1 =m$ 9 due "t ! c5t] or focus r\nd :i* fables & my?s ga!r$4 ,! old] !y grew1 ! m !y 7 honor$1 till at l5g? !y became e/abli%$ in/itutions4 ,! hi/ory ( ! human race beg9s ) fables1 my?s1 *ildi% /ories1 & ) idols4 ,^! prevail until "s "o arises & ei!r disputes _! au!nticity or proves !m unreasonable4 ,?is t5ds to produce new ideas1 disputes1 conflicts1 angry passions1 & sep>ation4 ,diff]5ces ( op9ion conc]n+ old ideas & me?ods lead to ! =mation ( new ones1 especially :5 ! old ones cease to int]e/ & become impracticable or burd5some4 ,new ideas 9 "t take ! place ( ! old ones1 improv$1 modifi$1 & adapt$ to ! exi/+ circum/ances & conditions4 ,! ,levites _h = sev]al c5turies attempt$ to gov]n ! ,hebrews by means ( ecclesia/ical discipl9e1 laws1 & lead]%ip1 b f9ally discov]$ t x 0 any?+ b a success4 ,e =m _h be5 tri$4 ,!y 7 ?reat5$ ) de/ruction1 9 spite ( _! ,jehova & ! wood5 ,box1 ! ark4 ,"s new /imulant _h to be tri$ to br+ ab\t a m heal?y condition ( affairs4 ,to consolidate ! nation if possible1 to infuse a new _s1 & div]t ideas f discont5t1 turmoil1 & diss5sion1 a k+ 0 sugge/$4 ,samuel f9d+ a v tall man :o bore an excell5t reputation = c\rage & wise conduct1 "o ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 he select$ him z a prop] p]son to become k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,?is man's "n 0 ,saul4 ,samuel himself n only 0 a clev] prie/ & prophet1 b also possess$ ! necess>y qualities to make a good g5]al4 ,x 0 he :o defeat$ ! ,phili/9es aft] !y _h ga9$ "o victory ov] ! ,israelites & captur$ _! ark4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( _! exi/5ce z a republic1 an ecclesia/ical republic--! !ocracy1 z x is call$--!y _h to cont5d & /ruggle1 & und]go _m vicissitudes4 ,x 0 b>b>ian fight+ aga9/ b>b>ian4 ,reg>dless ( _! hav+ on ! "o side ,jehova & ! ark1 & on ! o!r side ,dagon ,co41 ! victory always rema9$ ) ! be/-discipl9$ or m num]\s army1 :i* also possess$ good g5]al%ip4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,national ,,life4 ,! ,hebrew mon>*y e/abli%$ "u ,saul #ajie ,b4,c41 cont9u$ & cem5t$ "u ,david1 & weak5$ & ru9$ "u ,solomon1 t]m9at$ 9 ! ye> #ige ,b4,c41 la/+ altoge!r "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s4 ,?is m>ks ! culm9ation ( national greatness & glory--& ! rapid decl9e & dis9tegration4 ,we n[ come ^u ! rise ( a new class ( m51 prophets ( a new s*ool--vision>y m51 dream]s & agitators1 re=m]s--besides miracle-mong]s & fault-f9d]s4 ,discont5t reign$4 ,m5 began to s+ ! glories ( _! pa/ greatness1 ! wond]s ( ,jehova1 ! miracles ( ,moses1 & ! promises t ! ,"l _h made to _! =efa!rs1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ( ! l& t fl[$ ) milk & honey4 ,x seems almo/ unacc\ntable1 ev5 f a !ological1 ,*ri/ian /&po9t1 t ,god1 ,jehova1 ! ,"l almighty1 %\ld n be able to exhibit 8 wond]ful p[]s regul>ly1 sy/ematically1 in/ead ( by fits & />ts1 on special occasions1 aft] int]v5+ c5turies4 ,:y %\ld a ,god come & g by leaps & jumps1 appe>+ & disappe>+ at di/ant ages1 n[ help+ & !n puni%+8 ,:y lead & mislead8 ,:y p]mit p to be s fooli% & s5seless z to create rival gods8 ,:y %\ld he be jeal\s ( a wood5 god1 or ( any o!r k9d ( an idol8 ,:y %\ld x be necess>y to :ip p into und]/&+ ,god1 kn[+ him8 ,:y 7 !re s _m ?\s& p slaught]$ to =ce conviction ( 8 m>vel\s p[]s8 ,is x n an outrage on common s5se = a ,god to /oop to m\ntebank tricks1 subt]fuge1 & delusion1 s-call$ miracles1 9 ord] to e/abli% 8 exi/5ce1 or 8 pres5ce8 ,if ,god made man1 :y did he n make him prop]ly to beg9 )1 s z to suit himself at lea/8 ,:y did he n make him s z to "k ! fa!r "r f ! />t8 ,:y %\ld ?is almighty ,god1 ?is ,jehova1 keep 8 *os5 p cont9ually on ! rack ( transgression1 crime1 & folly8 ,:y did he create !m s t !y %\ld s easily =get him1 & devote _! rev]5ce1 _! v5]ation1 _! sacrifices1 & _! pray]s to "s brass or wood5 image8 ,! excuse s frequ5tly made ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 z a reason = los+ battles or be+ made captives1 t ! ,jews =sook _! ,jehova1 _! ,god1 is no ext5uat+ circum/ance4 ,h[ comes x t ! nations ) ! hea!n gods 7 victori\s & f9ally conqu]$ ! ,hebrew nation & l$ !m =? z captives8 ,! hea!n gods mu/ h be5 equal1 inde$ frequ5tly sup]ior1 to ! ,hebrew ,god1 because !y1 ! hea!n gods1 7 s v (t5 victori\s1 & f9ally subdu$ ! ,hebrews4 ,! two nations ,judah & ,israel fell into idolatry almo/ imm$iately4 ,solomon ev5 pref]r$ ,a%tore?1 ! goddess ( ! ,zidonians2 & aft] ,milcom1 ! abom9ation ( ! ,ammonites 7#a ,k+s xi1 #e71 & h[ _m o!r /range gods we h no record4 ,israel began z a k+dom #ige ,b4,c42 ,j]oboam1 a s]vant ( ,solomon1 0 ! fir/ k+ & ,ho%ea ! la/2 ,%almanez]1 k+ ( ,assyria1 took ,sam>ia by =ce1 & drove ! ,t5 ,tribes into ,m$ia captives1 9 ! ye> #gba ,b4,c42 ?is k+dom hav+ la/$ two hundr$ & fifty-f\r ye>s1 & hav+ _h dur+ t "t n9ete5 k+s4 ,! k+dom ( ,judah la/$ long]1 beg9n+ at ! same "t1 #ige ,b4,c4 ,rehoboam1 ! son ( ,k+ ,solomon1 0 ! fir/ k+4 ,! captivity ( ,judah & ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem 0 complet$ #ehh ,b4,c4 ,judah _h exi/$ z a nation ab\t ?ree hundr$ & eighty-sev5 ye>s4 ,jehoia*9 & ,z$ekiah 7 ! la/ k+s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod !y _h ab\t tw5ty-"o k+s4 ,nebu*adnezz>1 k+ ( ,babylon1 made a conque/ ( ,egypt1 besieg$ ,j]usalem1 pillag$ & burnt ! ,temple1 & c>ri$ ev]y?+ away t he c\ld lay 8 h&s on4 ,) few exceptions1 a worse1 a m brutal set ( m5 ?an ^! rul]s nev] gov]n$ any nation4 ,dur+ _! successive reigns1 we f9d an unbrok5 succession ( ! b>b>ities :i* 7 at t "t ! g5]ally recogniz$ me?od ( w>f>e1 accompani$ by lic5ti\sness1 & all ! o!r savag]ies ( ^! semi-civiliz$ p4 ,prophet traffic fl\ri%$ 9 ^? days4 ,!re 7 z _m k9ds ( prophets z !re 7 gods1 ) a complem5t ( prie/s to correspond4 ,religi\s hate & intol]ance 0 manife/ on e occasion t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,to ga9 p[] & control ! affairs ( /ate 0 ! *ief aim & object4 ,!y w\ld curse & de/roy "o ano!r :5ev] a favorable opportunity occurr$4 ,two religi\s fanatics became especially conspicu\s ab\t #iah ,b4,c41 ,elijah & lat] ,eli%a4 ,! antagonism & ho/ility betwe5 ! lead]s ( factions 0 n[ v int5se4 ,jezebel slaught]$ ! prophets ( h] oppon5ts1 & ,elijah1 :o 0 ! lead] ( ! ,jehova faction1 curs$ & rav$1 & _m hundr$ prophets ( ,baal 7 slaught]$ 7#a ,k+s xviii1 #ai1 #dj74 ,x 0 brutality aga9/ brutality1 crime aga9/ crime1 savag$om aga9/ savag$om4 ,! bloody /ruggle cont9u$ "r along1 ! slay+ be+ employ$ on any & e occasion4 ,?us he caus$ ! kill+ ( ! sev]al fifties1 z relat$ 9 #b ,k+s i4 ,elijah 0 a zealot2 h>%1 bitt]1 & m]ciless to ! oppon5ts ( 8 fai?4 ,z to ! miracles1 !y answ]$ ! purpose well en\gh = a lot ( ignorant1 half-civiliz$ c\ntry p4 ,we h _h simil> tricks repeat$ by prie/s all along1 delud+1 *eat+1 & defraud+ ! poor simple-m9d$1 ignorant classes4 ,& x came to pass z !y /ill w5t on & talk$1 t behold1 !re appe>$ a *>iot ( fire1 & horses ( fire1 & p>t$ !m bo? asund]2 & ,elijah w5t up by a :irlw9d into heav5 7#b ,k+s ii1 #aa74 ,h[ c\ld a man g up to heav58 ,! atmosph]e ar\nd ?is t]re/rial globe is ab\t two to ?ree hundr$ miles 9 hight4 ,! law ( gravitation prev5ts ! smalle/ p>ticle f leav+ ! e>?'s surface1 mu* m a body ( ! weight ( a man4 ,! :irlw9d belongs to ! e>?1 & nev] rea*es beyond a c]ta9 hight4 ,besides1 ev]y?+ tak5 up by a :irlw9d or cl\d 9 due "t returns to "m e>?4 ,z = ! horses & *>iot ( fire1 9 lat] days pi\s p]sons pret5d to h se5 simil> appe>ances4 ,a man sitt+ be=e a fire fancies he sees all k9ds ( pictures & faces2 !y are ! reflections ( 8 m9d4 ,s :5 "o fancies repres5tations ( figures & objects 9 ! cl\ds1 or 9 ! moon1 !y are ei!r delusions ( vision1 or ! fanci$ picture ( ! imag9ation4 ,!re are delusions ( he>+4 ,an uns\nd condition ( ! n]v\s sy/em may produce halluc9ations ( su* a nature2 a disease or a m5tal d]angem5t may occasion ?is sort ( n]v\s di/urbances4 ,a new feature 0 introduc$ by ^! m5--! heal+ art1 resuscitat+ ! suppos$ dead1 ca/+ out evil spirits1 lay+ on h&s1 etc4 ,a silli] piece ( *>latanism 0 nev] put 9 pr9t ?an ,eli%a's miracul\s resuscitat+ trick on a *ild 9 a cataleptic fit 7#b ,k+s iv1 #cd1 etc474 ,a crafti] or m cunn+ piece ( bus9ess 0 excit+ ,jehu1 ,k+ ,ahab's g5]al1 to rebel1 & to slaught] ! :ole ( ! k+'s family4 ,eli%a s5ds a "y prophet to ,jehu to p\r oil on 8 head & ano9t him k+1 on 8 promise to ext]m9ate ! k+'s family 7#b ,k+s ix73 ,= ! :ole h\se ( ,ahab %all p]i%2 & ,i w cut (f f ,ahab him t pisse? aga9/ ! wall & him t is %ut up & left 9 ,israel 7#b ,k+s ix1 #h74 ,ahab1 ,jezebel1 & ,ahab's sev5ty sons 7 all slaught]$4 ,all ! great man's prie/s1 & 8 k9sfolk1 7 sla94 ,& ,eli%a call$ toge!r all ! prophets ( ,ahab's faction1 all ^? t wor%ip$ ,baal1 & kill$ !m all (f4 ,g5]al ,jehu 0 made k+ z a recomp5se = ! s]vices he _h r5d]$ to ! ,eli%a faction4 ,t 0 ab\t #hhd ,b4,c4 ,usurpation1 conspiracy1 & bloody crimes m>k ?is p]iod4 ,intrigue1 robb]y1 spoil+s1 lu/1 & degradation seem epidemic 9 ^! nations4 ,:5 !y 7 n fight+ ea* o!r1 !y 7 w>r+ ) ^! b>b>ities4 ,elijah _h und\bt$ly a p[]ful p>ty at 8 comm& :5 he prompt$ ,jehu to revolt & assume ! re9s ( gov]nm5t4 ,he _h ev]y?+ pretty well organiz$ :5 ,elijah said1 ,& x %all come to pass1 t him t escape? ,hazael %all ,jehu slay2 & him t escape? f ! sword ( ,jehu %all ,eli%a slay4 ,yet ,i h left sev5 ?\s& 9 ,israel1 all ! knees :i* h n b[$ unto ,baal 7#a ,k+s xix1 #ag1 #ah74 ,^! sev5 ?\s& 7 no d\bt 8 imm$iate disciples1 n ! common] h]d ( p4 ,he select$ a man to succe$ him1 :om he no d\bt knew well--a f>m]1 = ,eli%a 0 pl[+ :5 he 0 *os5 z *ief agitator1 ar*-conspirator1 & inh]itor ( all ! rights & privileges ( a revolution>y lead] 7#a ,k+s xix1 #bj1 etc474 ,?is pl[man1 prophet1 & conspirator comb9es 9 himself also ! heal]1 prea*]1 & lead]1 etc4 ,he cures ,naaman's leprosy1 causes iron to swim1 br+s bless+s to "s & curses to o!rs4 ,^! knavi% tricks succe$$ ) ! ignorance & sup]/ition ( ! day4 ,! p c\ld be sway$ 9 any direction by a clev]1 det]m9$1 bold talk]1 consequ5tly 7 easily excit$ into ! committal ( any acts1 no matt] h[ revolt+ or brutal4 ,^! political factions l$ by prophets & prie/s 7 n s g5tle & polite t[>ds "o ano!r z !y are at ! pres5t day4 ,! *ur* rul$4 ,gods ( ei!r side alt]nately 7 9 p[]4 ,^? 9 p[] kill$ (f ^? :o 7 out ( p[]4 ,:e!r x is ,elijah or ,eli%a1 lead]s ( ! ,jehova p>ty1 or ,que5 ,jezebel1 lead] ( ! ,baal prophets ( ! o!r p>ty1 ! result always dep5ds ^u numb]s & clev] lead]%ip4 ,f]oci\s brutality nev] ceases b = a %ort :ile4 ,!re is n a sp>k ( humanity1 no m]cy1 n an act ( k9dness or consid]ation4 ,m5ahem 0 k+ ( ,israel #ggb ,b4,c4 ,he smote ,tip%a & all t 7 !re94 ,& all ! wom5 !re9 t 7 ) *ild he ripp$ up 7#b ,k+s xv1 #af74 ,?us we h page aft] page m>k$ ) bloody crime 9 ! book call$ sacr$ hi/ory1 scripture1 & :at n4 ,& alas6 ?is is ,god's "w1 ,god's own book1 ,god's own p4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t ! inaccuracies 9 ! ,bible--! contradictions1 ! errors t are f\nd4 ,we are n conc]n$ 9 any ( !m4 ,we are int]e/$ 9 direct+ ! att5tion ( ! read] to ! book call$ holy scripture1 a book believ$ to h be5 writt5 by sup]natural inspiration1 relat+ to c]ta9 acts done by ,god2 & ^! acts1 accompani$ by wond]s1 7 p]=m$ = a p especially select$ by him1 t 7 "u 8 protection1 guidance1 direct sup]vision2 & _! lead]s1 lawgiv]s1 k+s1 prie/s1 prophets1 & tea*]s 7 by reason ( _! hol9ess 9 communication ) ?is ,god1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 & !reby 7 end[$ ) p[]s t r5d]$ !m capable ( do+ ?+s contr>y to ! fix$ laws ( nature4 ,we h endeavor$ to po9t to a few ( ! acts ( ! greate/ & be/ m5 figur+ 9 t book call$ scripture4 ,^! m5 7 n div9e nor 7 _! acts div9e4 ,_! acts 7 n humane1 nor any?+ approa*+ :at is und]/ood to be humane at ! pres5t age4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! acts 7 b>b>\s1 savage1 brutal1 cruel1 & 9 _m in/ances outrage\s4 ,!y1 ! ,hebrews1 7 no bett] ?an _! neighbors ! hea!ns1 :atev] _! "n or nationality might be4 ,! hea!n ) _! idols 7 j z good 9 w>1 9 battle1 z1 if n bett] ?an1 ! ,jews 7 ) _! ,god1 _! ,jehova1 & ! ark1 & f9ally succe$$ 9 subdu+ ! ,jews1 burn+ _! ,temple ) ,god's ark1 vessels1 etc41 tak+ !m captives1 & de/roy+ !m z a nation4 ,x is evid5t f hi/ory t ! pr9cipal m5 ( ! nation 7 corrupt2 t bo? ! k+dom ( ,israel & t ( ,judah 7 rott5 to ! core4 ,!y 7 cont9ually w>r+ ) ea* o!r1 z ) o!r nations4 ,_! abuses gave rise to public agitators1 :o always f\nd support]s4 ,m5 ( ! ,elijah & ,eli%a /amp nev] lose an opportunity1 & !y made ! mo/ ( all ( x :ile !y liv$4 ,!y introduc$ a s*ool ( ?\ght & action t laid ! f\ndation = new sects t culm9at$ 9 ! remote future4 ,! belief 9 m$ical miracles 0 m firmly fa/5$ ^u ! m9ds ( _! foll[]s by ! prophets1 =tune-tell]s1 & heal]s1 ?an by any class previ\s4 ,o!r nations meantime 7 progress+ 9 civilization--lit]ature1 ! art ( w>f>e1 etc4 ,greece 0 ga9+ laurels4 ,hom] appe>$4 ,hesiod wrote ab\t #ijj ,b4,c4 ,tyrtu's ,elegies1 ,ar*ilo*us's ,satires1 etc41 ab\t #gjj ,b4,c4 ,! ,p]sians & ,romans 7 ris+ & mak+ rapid progress & conque/1 soon to sweep small] peoples & nations aside4 ,^! hea!n made conque/s1 ga9$ victories1 transplant$ ! captives1 & 7 altoge!r f> m prosp]\s & successful ) _! idols ?an ! ,hebrews 7 ) _! ,god4 ,no?+ else bett] proves t ! /ruggles = supremacy among ! human families 7 p]fectly natural1 ea* side dep5d+ always on _! lead]s1 _! skill 9 fight+1 _! brav]y1 & _! organization2 t _! ,gods1 _! idols1 _! oracles1 & _! prie/s play$ b a small "p 9 ! transactions ( life2 & t all ! gods1 :e!r idols1 or my?ological1 or ,jehovi/ic1 & no matt] ( :at nationality1 _h all ab\t ! same mat]ial value1 p[]1 & importance4 ,f our mod]n /&po9t all ! gods may be class$ 9 "o category4 ,we may safely pron\nce !m to be creatures ( imag9ation1 sprung into exi/5ce ?r\gh ignorance1 fe>s1 & sup]/ition4 ,!y are all alike false1 frivol\s1 & fooli%4 ,!y h n a p>ticle ( tru? 9 !m4 ,& ! ,gods t are n[ held 9 su* high e/eem by _m p1 are no bett] ?an ! ,*aldean idols4 ,judah is /ill /ruggl+ to reta9 h] grip on h] national life4 ,e ef=t prolongs ! agony4 ,hezekiah is k+ #gag ,b4,c4 ,isaiah is ! prophet4 ,romantic dream]1 song/]1 critic1 & man ( visions1 he sees di/ress1 ru91 & mis]y be=e him2 recalls ! glories ( ! pa/1 b sees none ( ! faults2 sees ! greatness ( ! nation ( ,solomon1 ,david1 & ,saul1 & n[ beholds ! national degradation4 ,he lam5ts ?is dreadful condition ) a bitt]ness ( feel+4 ,!n he hopes aga9/ hope t some?+ w happ5 9 ! future t w br+ ab\t a happy /ate ( 8 nation & reproduce ! gold5 prosp]ity ( ^? glitt]+ ages t are gone4 ,?is man is a close obs]v]1 a vision>y man1 & a critic4 ,he writes & s+s ( 8 own p1 ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,9 ! introduction :i* he gives himself 9 ,isaiah i & ii1 he pres5ts 8 vision conc]n+ ,judah & ,j]usalem1 etc4 ,he reproa*es !m = _! s91 iniquity1 corruption1 etc43 ,y\r c\ntry is desolate1 y\r cities are burn$ ) fire2 y\r l&1 /rang]s dev\r x 9 y\r pres5ce1 & x is desolate1 z ov]?r[n by /rang]s 7i1 #g74 ,8 dream & hope ( ! future3 ,& he %all judge among ! nations1 & %all rebuke _m p2 & !y %all beat _! swords into pl[-%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+-hooks3 nation %all n lift up sword aga9/ nation1 nei!r %all !y le>n w> any m 7ii1 #d74 ,?is entire *apt]1 l mo/ ( ! *apt]s ( ,isaiah1 is a "w ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is ! fancy ( a dream] :o m5tally sees ! ?+ he longs =4 ,9 8 n]v\s exaltation1 visions appe>1 incoh]5t1 mean+less1 except to himself4 ,he br+s diff]5t p>ts ( diff]5t objects toge!r1 repres5t+ ?+s & sc5es he is famili> )1 9 ! =m ( pictures1 natural 9 p>ts b unnatural & impossible z a :ole4 ,z = my p1 *ildr5 are _! oppressors & wom5 rule ov] !m 7iii1 #ab74 ,he describes ! t9kl+ ornam5ts ab\t _! feet1 & _! cauls & _! r\nd tires l ! moon1 _! *a9s & bracelets & muffl]s1 ! bonnets1 & ! ornam5ts ( ! legs1 & ! headb&s & ! tablets & ! e>r+s1 & ! r+s & nose-jewels1 ! *angeable suits ( app>el1 & ! mantles1 & ! wimples1 & ! crisp+-p9s1 & ! glasses1 & ! f9e l951 & ! hoods1 & ! vails1 etc4 ,?is portion is no d\bt reali/ic4 ,x %[s 8 m5tal condition & ! mood he 0 94 ,8 humor *anges3 ,n[ ,i w s+ to my well-belov$ a song ( my belov$ t\*+ 8 v9ey>d 7v1 #a74 ,9 ?is *apt] he t\*es ^u ev]y?+ t /rikes 8 fancy4 ,hell1 w9d1 l&1 in/rum5ts1 lions1 etc41 etc41 are all introduc$4 ,he rambles all ov] nature4 ,imag9>y ideas are mix$ ) realities indiscrim9ately1 = illu/ration1 comp>ison1 lam5tation1 or compla9+4 ,high 9 ! temple he sees ! ,"l sit2 sees ! s]aphim ) six w+s1 etc4 7vii74 ,& 9 *apt] viii he has a great roll & writes 9 x ) a man's p5 conc]n+ ,mah]-%alal-ha%-baz4 ,v]se #a3 ,& ,i w5t to ! prophetess2 & %e conceiv$1 & _h a son4 ,!n said ! ,"l to me1 ,call 8 "n ,mah]-%alal-ha%-baz 7#c74 ,isaiah liv$ aft] ! captivity ( ! ,t5 ,tribes4 ,he also kn[s ( ! con/ant fight+ betwe5 ! ,t5 tribes & ! two1 ,israel & ,judah4 ,israel has be5 c>ri$ away captive to o!r l&s & its c\ntry has be5 giv5 to a p call$ ,cu!ans1 or ,sam>itans4 ,^! cultivat$ & adopt$ 9 "s measure ! ,jewi% religion4 ,9 mom5ts ( despond5cy he ref]s to !m z he ref]s to ,moab & o!r nations else:]e4 ,! :ole ,*ri/ian fai? seems to be bas$ on ! prophecy ( ! n9? *apt] ( ,isaiah1 #f? & #g? v]ses4 ,isaiah />ts out 9 ?is *apt] speak+ ( ! "t :5 ,god fir/ lightly afflict$ ! l& ( ,zebulon & ! l& ( ,naphtali1 etc4 ,9 ! #f? v]se he says1 ,= unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv51 etc4 ,t man has no ref]5ce to ,*ri/ z ,mah]-%alal-ha%-baz4 ,*apt] viii1 v]se #h3 ,& he %all pass ?r\gh ,judah2 he %all ov]fl[ & g ov]1 he %all rea* ev5 to ! neck1 & ! /ret*+ out ( 8 w+s %all fill ! bread? ( ! l&1 ,o ,immanuel4 ,?is really means ! son :i* ! prophetess conceiv$1 & call$ ,mah]-%alal-ha%-baz4 ,*apt] ix1 v]se #ba3 ,manasseh & ,ephraim1 & ,ephraim & ,manasseh2 & !y toge!r %all be aga9/ ,judah1 etc4 ,he talks 9 a confus$1 my/ifi$ fa%ion1 allud+ n[ to ?is p1 n[ to t2 at "o "t to ! ,tribes & at ano!r to ! ,moabites1 ,assyrians1 !n to ,egypt or ,zion2 dreams ( tyrants1 hypocrites1 & 8 hopes reviv$ ab\t ! remnants ( ,israel4 ,:5 he speaks ( ! *ild he has n ! remote/ dream ( ,*ri/4 ,he has no =ekn[l$ge1 except :at 8 judgm5t sugge/s4 ,he feels annoy$ & irritat$1 !n 8 hope & aspiration soo! & com=t him1 & 9 *apt] xi he describes a mo/ happy /ate ( affairs3 ,! wolf also %all dwell ) ! lamb1 & ! leop>d %all lie d[n ) ! kid1 & ! calf & ! "y lion & ! fatl+ toge!r1 & a little *ild %all lead !m 7v]se #f74 ,& ! c[ & ! be> %all fe$2 _! "y ones %all lie d[n toge!r1 & ! lion %all eat /raw l an ox 7xi1 #g71 etc4 ,! wilde/ & mo/ extravagant k9ds ( int]pretation are giv5 to v>i\s passages 9 ,isaiah4 ,into !m ! !ologians =ce a mean+3 ,*apt] xxxv1 #a3 ,! wild]ness & ! solit>y place %all be glad = !m & ! des]t %all rejoice1 & blossom z ! rose4 ,*ri/ians say x means ! joyful fl\ri%+ ( ,*ri/'s k+dom4 ,9 *apt] xliii1 v]se #b1 ,jehova decl>es3 ,i1 ev5 ,i1 am ! ,"l2 & beside me !re is no savior4 ,he repeats x 9 *apt] xliv1 v]se #f3 ,i am ! fir/1 & ,i am ! la/1 & beside me !re is no ,god4 ,v]se #h3 ,is !re a ,god beside me8 yea1 !re is no ,god2 ,i "k n any4 ,*apt] xlix3 ,li/51 ,o isles1 unto me2 & he>k5 ye p f af>2 ! ,"l ha? call$ me f ! womb2 f ! b[els ( my "m ha? he made m5tion ( my "n4 ,?is is suppos$ to mean1 ,*ri/ be+ s5t to ! ,jews compla9e? ( !m4 ,*apt] lv3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 :]e is ! bill ( y\r "m's divorcem5t1 :om ,i h put away8 or :i* cr$itors is x to :om ,i h sold y8 ,behold6 = y\r iniquities y h sold y\rselves1 & = y\r transgression is y\r "m put away4 ,x is said t ?is means1 ,*ri/ %ewe? t ! d]eliction ( ! ,jews is n to be imput$ to him1 by 8 ability to save4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation ( ! above passage4 ,x is a misrepres5tation ( facts z well z mean+4 ,:y twi/1 torture1 & falsify x8 ,isaiah liv$ 9 /irr+ times4 ,aft] ! captivity ( ! ,t5 ,tribes1 ! gov]nm5t & ! p 7 corrupt4 ,an invasion 0 at h&4 ,s5na*]ib invades ,judea #gab-gaa ,b4,c4 ,! ,m$es & ,assyrians 7 also fight+ = supremacy4 ,be+ an educat$ man1 he knew ! hi/ory ( 8 nation--_! trials1 ! triumph & ! glory !y _h enjoy$1 & ! decl9e ( ?is p ) its pride & pomp to a pass+ away4 ,he _h ample mat]ial to supply 8 imag9ation2 he !re=e dream$1 sang praises1 saw visions1 hop+ = some?+ to turn up1 miracul\s or o!rwise1 to save ! remnant ( 8 nation4 ,he _c be comp>$ to ! two /rong1 r\gh miracle-mong]s ( ,israel1 ,elijah & ,eli%a1 t _h liv$ ov] a c5tury be=e him4 ,?is ideali/ic dream] _h n ! slighte/ k ( com+ ev5ts1 ( :at 0 to happ5 sev5 hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! m9ds ( m5 _h sl[ly und]gone *anges4 ,! rigidity ( ! ,mosaic laws _h und]gone "s modification1 & "s *ange 9 int]pretation z to ! mean+ ( ! _m comm&s & usages4 ,) e battle & ) e invasion new notions1 new cu/oms1 7 introduc$4 ,! transition 0 surely lay+ ! f\ndation = v>i\s s*ools1 :i* 0 inevitable z ! intellig5ce & education progress$4 ,aft] ,isaiah ,j]emiah comes1 z a natural result ( ! age4 ,manasseh1 k+ ( ,judah1 _h be5 c>ri$ captive to ,babylon1 & re/or$ to p[] #fgg ,b4,c4 ,ammon & ,josiah foll[4 ,! latt] is kill$1 & 8 successor1 ,jehoahaz k+ ( ,judah1 is depos$ & c>ri$ to ,egypt #fji4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ,nebu*adnezz> conqu]s ,j]usalem4 ,jehoia*9 reigns ?ree mon?s1 & he is c>ri$ (f captive to ,babylon1 besides ?ree ?\s& ( ! pr9cipal p]sons ( dignity1 & among ^! 0 ,ezekiel 7#eih ,b4,c474 ,z$ekiah 0 appo9t$ k+4 ,he 0 ! uncle ( ,jehoia*91 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age :5 he began 8 reign2 a bad "o x 01 & he suff]$ = x4 ,& he 0 ! la/ ( ! k+s ( ,judah4 ,9 #ehh ,b4,c4 ,j]usalem 0 captur$ & de/roy$1 ! ,temple burnt2 ! sons & fri5ds ( ,z$ekiah 7 sla92 ,z$ekiah's eyes 7 put out1 & he 0 b\nd & tak5 to ,babylon4 ,j]emiah _h spok5 a good _m tru?s1 & giv5 !m ample w>n+s :at w\ld happ54 ,he met ) a great deal ( opposition--0 ?r[n into prison & made to suff] = 8 boldness4 ,8 exhortations & 8 appeals avail$ no?+4 ,! heads ( ! high prie/s & ^? ( ! rul]s 7 cut (f4 ,! de/ruction 0 complete4 ,j]emiah wrote fifty-two *apt]s1 & ,*ri/ian int]pret]s manag$ to f9d two places 9 ?is entire writ+ t indicat$ ,*ri/'s k+dom3 ,*apt] xxiii1 v]se #e2 ,behold ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w raise unto ,david a righte\s bran*1 & a k+ %all reign & prosp] & %all execute ju/ice & judgm5t 9 ! e>?--mean+1 ,*ri/ %all rule & save !m4 ,*apt] xxxi1 v]se #bb3 ,h[ long wilt ?\ g ab\t1 ,o ?\ backslid+ daught]8 = ! ,"l ha? creat$ a new ?+ 9 ! e>?4 ,a woman %all compass a man--mean+1 ,*ri/ is promis$4 ,^! are ! only two spots :5ce any possible allusion c be drawn4 ,?is man is unlike ! vision>y1 romantic dream] ,isaiah1 ^: imag9ation & n]v\s exaltation kept him m or less 9 a /ate ( excitability & c>ri$ him into regions ( dreaml& :]e 8 hopes & wi%es 7 plant$4 ,j]emiah writes up ! hi/orical occurr5ces2 passes judgm5t on 8 own p & on ! nations 8 p _h to /ruggle )1 bewail+ _! corruption1 wick$ness1 wret*$ness1 mis]y4 ,he nev] dreams ( ,*ri/ or ,*ri/ianity1 nor does he 9 any "p allude to ,*ri/4 ,he also1 l ,isaiah1 wrote & act$ 9 accordance ) ! times he liv$ 94 ,he 0 a /eadfa/ fri5d to 8 disciple ,b>u*4 ,8 lam5tations describ+ ! mis]able /ate ( ,j]usalem1 bewail+ its calamities1 are p]fectly human1 & p]fectly natural = a patriot & a poet ( 8 "t4 ,ezekiel 0 9 ,*aldea among ! captives ab\t #eij ,b4,c4 ,?is man is also l>gely end[$ ) a prolific imag9ation2 he is a vision>y man4 ,he adopts a new me?od ( talk+2 :5 ! ^w ( ! ,"l comes to him1 ,son ( ,man is ! mann] 9 :i* he is address$4 ,j]emiah uses ! expression1 ,saye? ! ,"l1 or ! ^w to ,j]emiah f ! ,"l say+----,isaiah uses1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l4 ,ezekiel wrote =ty-eight *apt]s4 ,! foll[+ are int]pret$ to mean ,*ri/3 ,*apt] xxxiv1 v]se #bj3 ,!re=e ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god unto !m3 ,behold ,i1 ev5 ,i1 w judge betwe5 ! fat cattle & betwe5 ! lean cattle--mean+1 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,*apt] xxxvi1 v]se #be3 ,!n w ,i spr9kle clean wat] ^u y2 & ye %all be clean2 f all y\r fil?9ess1 & f all y\r idols1 w ,i cleanse y--mean+1 ! bless+s ( ,*ri/'s k+dom4 ,*apt] xxxvii1 v]se #bj3 ,& ! /icks :]eon ?\ write/ %all be 9 ?9e h& be=e _! eyes--mean+1 ! promises ( ,*ri/'s k+dom4 ,! political me?ods ( gov]n+ nations :i* _h _! orig9 9 ! ages ( b>b>ism1 ignorance1 & brutality1 left ! rott5 remnants to con/ruct ^u !m a sy/em ( rules = ! guidance ( ! masses1 to control1 subjugate1 & re/ra9 _! m5tal faculties1 ! developm5t & advancem5t ( _! und]/&+1 & to p]petuate ! suppression ( _! high] intellectual p[]s4 ,! beliefs 9 a ,god ) ! inf]ior natural human functions 7 h&$ d[n to u ?r\gh _m c5turies1 und]go+ transitions & *anges to suit ! occasions1 circum/ances1 & times4 ,! ton+ d[n ( ! ,hebrew ,god is 9 ! fir/ in/ance ma9ly due to ! b5efic5t influ5ces ( ! hea!n1 z !y 7 !n call$4 ,! educational facilities ! ,jews enjoy$ dur+ _! captivity 7 ( a bett] & high] ord]1 & h[ mu* ( ! entire book call$ scripture is due to ^! opportunities af=d$ !m we %all nev] "k4 ,hi/ory tea*es u1 h[ev]1 t ,ezra1 :5 ,cyrus 0 k+ ( ,p]sia1 #deg ,b4,c41 0 p]mitt$ to g to ,j]usalem to collect :at manuscripts & data he c\ld f9d1 & he is cr$it$ to h writt5 ! ,*ronicles #dec ,b4,c4 ,h[ _m m books or p>ts 7 writt5 & compil$ by ,ezra & 8 companions w rema9 a my/]y4 ,! "w ( resuscitat+ ! nation--to recov] its =m] importance1 to re/abli% "s ( its =m] glory--0 attempt$ sev5ty ye>s lat]1 "u ,cyrus1 :o grant$ ! ,jews ! privilege to return & rebuild ! ,temple4 ,!y 7 prompt$ to d ?is out ( pure motives ( patriotism1 & x c be reg>d$ only z a /ruggle to cont9ue to exi/ z a portion ( a hi/oric p4 ,! ,levites 7 in/rum5tal 9 br++ ab\t _! return4 ,! tribes 7 ^? belong+ to ! k+dom ( ,judah4 ,at ?is "t an opposition temple & an opposition religion 0 e/abli%$ by ! p ( ,sam>ia1 a mixture ( ,cu!ans & ,israelites4 ,! rivalry & hatr$ t[>ds ea* o!r 0 z int5se z ! hatr$ & bitt] factional fight _h be5 betwe5 ! ,t5 ,tribes & ! two tribes ,israel & ,judah4 ,affairs did n succe$ well4 ,!re 7 qu>rels1 wrangles1 application to high] au?orities to arbitrate & decide _! diff]5ces & disputes4 ,new k+s1 new p[]s1 came = conque/ & plund]4 ,new lead]s1 new gov]nors1 deceit1 trea*]y1 rebellion1 assass9ation1 m>k ^! c5turies "u ,assyrians1 ,p]sians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 until #fc ,b4,c41 :5 ,judea 0 made a ,roman prov9ce4 ,meantime new sects _h organiz$ "u diff]5t names1 ea* "o giv+ its int]pretation z to ! signification ( ! laws conta9$ 9 ! books t 7 h&$ d[n to !m4 ,f ! multiplicity ( op9ions1 sects1 factions1 & fanaticisms1 ! already modifi$ ideas 7 ab\t to und]go a f>!r transition1 t help$ to inaugurate :at might well be t]m$ a re=mation4 ,:ile ?is nation 0 crumbl+ to pieces o!r nations _h advanc$ 9 civilization1 9 art1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature1 t nev] claim$ to h done any?+ "u ! influ5ce ( a ,jehova1 or any symbol repres5t+ him4 ,^! nations--,greeks1 ,romans1 ,p]sians--seem$ to h succe$$ bett] ) my?ological gods ?an ! ,jews ) !irs4 ,!y _h laws to gov]n !m1 :i* requir$ nei!r smoke nor ?und] to make !m4 ,man1 pla9 man1 made !m4 ,"s 7 surr\nd$ ) my/]i\s c]emonies1 symbols2 o!rs 7 n4 ,lycurgus re=ms ! con/itution ( ,sp>ta #hhd ,b4,c4 ,c>pets are made = t5ts ab\t ?is "t4 ,! art ( sculpture rises 9 ,egypt4 ,buddha's religion is introduc$ into ,india1 & an attempt is made to discov] ! primitive language ( mank9d by ,psameticus2 &1 :at is ( consid]able importance1 *ildr5 are be+ educat$ 9 ! ,grecian language & mann]s #ffj ,b4,c4 ,^! facts are m5tion$ to %[ t nations t 7 n hamp]$ ) ! ,jehovi/ic religion1 t _h no miracles1 wond]s1 or arks1 7 m advanc$ 9 ! national sci5ces1 _h made f>!r progress 9 ! g5]al civilization ( mank9d1 ?an ! ,hebrews4 ,! electricity ( amb] 0 discov]$ by ,?ales1 & he also taught ! sph]ical =m ( ! e>? z ! true cause ( lun> eclipses1 #fdj ,b4,c4 ,s*ools ( le>n+ fl\ri%$ 9 _m places4 ,au?ors appe>$ ^: writ+s are classic to ?is day--,sappho1 ,alcu1 sop1 ,pitta*us4 ,solon's legislation 9 ,a!ns sup]s$$ ! laws ( ,draco4 ,x 0 n ! ,mosaic ,god t made ^! p intellig5t1 gave !m _! und]/&+4 ,_! enlight5m5t 0 due simply to ! natural processes ( ! great n]v\s c5t]s1 indep5d5t ( all sup]natural int]f]5ce4 ,! s*ool ( /atu>y 0 op5$ at ,a!ns by ,depo5us & ,scyllis4 ,com$ies 7 enact$ on a c>t by ,sus>ian & ,dolon4 ,dials 7 inv5t$ by ,anaxim&]1 etc4 ,le>n+ is enc\rag$ at ,a!ns1 & a public libr>y is f\nd$4 ,all ?is & mu* m occurs ab\t #edj ,b4,c4 ,p]sia1 too1 is rapidly spread+ its empire2 gr[+ p[]ful2 progress+ 9 weal?1 comm]ce1 & le>n+4 ,zoroa/] f\nds 8 philosophy1 )\t blood%$1 rap9e1 or murd]4 ,rome is 9 a n\ri%+ condition2 takes its fir/ c5sus #efe ,b4,c4--#haa1gjj citiz5s--spread+ its empire4 ,we mu/ ev] be> 9 m9d t all ^! nations 7 call$ hea!n1 & _! me?ods ( belief are look$ ^u by ,*ri/ian tea*]s z mu* inf]ior to _! own4 ,confucius1 ! ,*9ese philosoph]1 is n inf]ior 9 8 morality to any ( ! morali/s ( ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 #ebb ,b4,c4 ,& we may safely say he is equal ev5 to ! morals ( to-day4 ,mann]s1 me?ods1 & fa%ions *ange1 b c]ta9 pr9ciples rema94 ,we c exam9e ! pages ( ! hi/ory ( o!r human races & comp>e !m ) ! ,jews1 ,god's own *os5 race1 8 own p1 & ! hea!n takes ! prize 9 e bran* ( sci5ce1 art1 & ! progress ( civilization4 ,! ,hebrews = _m1 _m c5turies1 ) _! bl9d infatuation ) ! sup]natural1 _! con/ant sup]/iti\s practices ( _! c]emonial1 _! s5seless devotion to an imag9>y piece ( extravagance1 7 s /eep$ 9 /upidity & ignorance t !y _h nei!r "t nor incl9ation to obs]ve & exam9e nature & its work+s1 s rema9$ slaves to _! prepo/]\s practices4 ,republics become fa%ionable4 ,cor9? />ts ) h] republican =m ( gov]nm5t #ehb ,b4,c41 & ,rome foll[s 9 aboli%+ a regal gov]nm5t & e/abli%+ a republic #eji ,b4,c4 ,! ,c>?ag9ians make a voyage to ,great ,brita9 = t91 etc4 ,sophocles1 ,plato1 ,socrates1 ,ari/ophanes1 & a ho/ ( r5[n$ m5 rise to tea* ! _w h[ to ?9k1 h[ to speak4 ,philosophy1 m$ic9e1 morality1 poetry1 hi/ory1 com$y1 trag$y1 arts1 & sci5ce _h a firm hold on ! public m9d4 ,a degree ( ref9em5t bo? 9 mann] & 9 conduct prevail$ among all classes4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ,ezra & 8 companions 7 compil+--r collect+--fragm5ts = compos+ ! book ( ,*ronicles4 ,o!r books may h be5 compil$ or writt54 ,nehemiah foll[$ ,ezra4 ,he rebuilt & repeopl$ ,j]usalem4 ,= all t1 no?+ good ( a p]man5t "* 0 accompli%$4 ,"t goes on1 c5turies accumulate2 intellig5ce1 exp]i5ce1 & a high] grade ( civilization appe>4 ,nations gr[ m p[]ful4 ,! /ruggle = supremacy cont9ues1 & ,judah1 l a %uttlecock1 is ?r[n ab\t f nation to nation1 n[ "u "o dom9ion & n[ "u ano!r4 ,religi\s op9ions1 h[ev]1 are =m+4 ,!y are ho/ile1 bitt]1 inimical t[>ds "o ano!r2 accompani$ ) all ! hatr$1 jeal\sy1 spite1 t religi\s diff]5ces usually eng5d]4 ,!y are all anxi\s to hold (fice1 prie/ly or o!rwise1 consequ5tly brib]y1 ly+1 & misrepres5tation are ! means us$ to ga9 ! influ5ce ( ^? 9 p[]4 ,! rivalry betwe5 ! sects makes matt]s no bett]4 ,! ,sam>itan sect 7 already 9 exi/5ce :5 ,ezra return$ to ,j]usalem4 ,ho/ilities l$ to conflicts1 & !re 0 little peace betwe5 !m4 ,9 ,judea !re 7 sev]al sects1 hold+ v>i\s op9ions4 ,l s _m political factions1 ea* s\ght control1 & tri$ to uphold its peculi> views & int]pretations4 ,! ,sadducees sprang into life ab\t #bdd ,b4,c4 ,?is sect believ$ t ! s\l dies ) ! body2 nor d !y reg>d ! obs]vance ( any?+ besides t ! law enjo9s !m2 = !y ?9k x an in/ance ( virtue to dispute ) ^? tea*]s ( philosophy :om !y frequ5t2 b ?is doctr9e is receiv$ b by few1 yet by ^? /ill ( greate/ dignity4 ,b !y are able to d almo/ any?+ ( !mselves2 = :5 !y become magi/rates1 z !y are unwill+ly & by =ce sometimes oblig$ to be1 !y addict !mselves to ! notions ( ! ,ph>isees1 because ! multitude w\ld n o!rwise he> !m 7,josephus74 ,?is sect1 "o w\ld judge1 consi/$ ( ! weal?y & m enlight5$ class4 ,! ,ph>isees live meanly1 despise delicacies 9 diet1 & !y foll[ ! contract ( reason2 & :at t prescribes = !m1 z good = !m1 !y d2 & !y ?9k !y ought e>ne/ly to /rive to obs]ve reason's dictates = practice4 ,!y also pay respect to su* z are 9 ye>s2 nor are !y s bold z to contradict !m 9 any?+ :i* !y h introduc$2 &1 :5 !y det]m9e t all ?+s are done by fate1 !y d n take away ! fre$om f m5 ( act+ z !y ?9k fit2 s9ce _! notion is1 t x ha? pleas$ ,god to make a temp]am5t1 :]eby :at he wills is done1 b s t ! w ( man c act virtu\sly or vici\sly4 ,!y also believe t s\ls h an immortal vig\r 9 !m1 & t "u ! e>? !re w be rew>ds or puni%m5ts accord+ z !y h liv$ virtu\sly or vici\sly 9 ?is life2 & ! latt] are to be deta9$ 9 an ev]la/+ prison1 b t ! =m] %all h p[] to revive & live aga92 on acc\nt ( :i* doctr9es !y are able greatly to p]suade ! body ( ! p2 & :atsoev] !y d ab\t div9e wor%ip1 pray]s & sacrifices1 !y p]=m !m accord+ to _! directions2 insomu* t ! cities gave great atte/ation to !m1 on acc\nt ( _! entire virtu\s conduct1 bo? 9 ! actions ( _! lives1 & ( _! disc\rse also 7,josephus74 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,ess5es is ?is1 t all ?+s are be/ ascrib$ to ,god4 ,!y tea* ! immortality ( s\ls & e/eem t rew>ds ( righte\sness are to be e>ne/ly /riv5 =1 & :5 !y s5d :at !y h d$icat$ to ,god unto ! ,temple1 !y d n (f] sacrifices1 because !y h m pure lu/rations ( _! own2 on :i* acc\nt !y are exclud$ f ! common c\rt ( ! ,temple1 b (f] _! sacrifices !mselves2 yet is _! c\rse ( life bett] ?an o!r m52 & !y entirely addict !mselves to husb&ry4 ,x also des]ves our admiration1 h[ mu* !y exce$ all o!r m5 t addict !mselves to virtue1 & ?is 9 righte\sness2 & inde$ to su* a degree t z x ha? nev] appe>$ among any o!r m51 nei!r ,greeks nor ,b>b>ians1 no1 n = a little "t1 s ha? x endur$ a long :ile among !m4 ,?is is demon/rat$ by t in/itution ( !irs1 :i* w n suff] any?+ to h9d] !m f hav+ all ?+s 9 common2 s t a ri* man enjoys no m ( 8 own weal? ?an he t ha? no?+ at all4 ,!re are ab\t f\r ?\s& m5 t live 9 ?is way2 & nei!r h _m wives1 nor are desir\s to keep s]vants2 z ?9k+ ! latt] tempts m5 to be unju/2 b z !y live by !mselves1 !y m9i/] "o to ano!r4 ,!y also appo9t c]ta9 /ew>ds to receive ! income ( _! rev5ues1 & ( ! fruits ( ! gr\nd2 su* z are good m51 & prie/s1 :o are to get _! co9 & _! food ready = !m4 ,( a f\r? sect ( ,jewi% philosoph]s1 ,judas ! ,galilean 0 ! au?or4 ,^! m5 agree 9 all o!r ?+s ) ,ph>isaic notions2 b !y h an inviolable atta*m5t to lib]ty1 & say t ,god is to be _! only rul] & "l4 ,!y also d n value dy+ any k9d ( dea?1 nor inde$ d !y he$ ! dea?s ( _! relations & fri5ds1 nor c any su* fe> make !m call any man ,"l 7,josephus74 ,^! matt]s are quot$ to %[ ! *anges & modifications religi\s op9ions 7 und]go+1 & mu/ h und]gone = _m c5turies previ\sly1 until !y rea*$ ! pres5t /age4 ,! argum5ts1 discussions1 & reasons giv51 z well z ! beliefs adopt$1 diff] only 9 degree & k9d f ^? :5 ,abraham & 8 fa!r diss5t$ f ! mode ( wor%ip !n extant 9 ,*aldea1 "s "o ?\s& n9e hundr$ ye>s previ\s1 & f ! modifications introduc$ by ,moses1 ! great] "p ( :i* 7 adopt$ f ! ,egyptians--:5ce ! ,jews really got ! fir/ ta/e ( civilization4 ,^! religi\s notions ( ! ,jews are ! op9ions1 simply ! op9ions1 ( a small bran* ( ! human family4 ,!re are a great _m o!rs4 ,dur+ all ^! c5turies little or no?+ 0 kn[n ( ! natural1 ( ! m intimate relations ( nature & nature's =ces4 ,& ( all nations ! ,jewi% race knew ! lea/4 ,!y 7 too mu* occupi$ ) ! sup]natural to ev] le>n any?+ ( ! natural4 ,! sup]natural idea sprang f ! mire ( ignorance & b>b>ism & savag]y4 ,crime & outrage m>k ! c5turies z x roll$ along 9 ! tide ( human ev5ts1 halt+ only :5 =c$1 & r5ew+ its curr5t :5 !re 0 no?+ to b> its way--/ruggl+ madly1 conqu]+1 fight+1 subdu+4 ,life 0 ( no value1 & ev]y?+ 0 brutally cru%$ "u ?is mon/r\s sup]natural idea1 until at l5g? x 0 br\ght to halt by sup]ior natural =ces t 9 "t cru%$ & subdu$ x4 ,aft] "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ ye>s ( ,jehovaism1 ( v>i\s %ades & hues1 ?is religion em]ges f ! pa/ ages to ! com+ c5turies 9 a new g>b1 slightly improv$1 some:at mild] 9 temp]1 & we>+ altoge!r a new mask1 s t nei!r ,fa!r ,abraham nor ,g5]al ,moses w\ld recognize 8 (fspr+4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,era4 ,we come to ! beg9n+ ( ! second two ?\s& ye>s ( modifi$ ,jehovaism1 call$ ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,*ri/ian era1 l ! ,*aldean-,abrahamic era1 & l ! ,mosaic-,jehovi/ic era1 0 introduc$ 9 a my/]i\s mann]4 ,bo? ! ,mosaic & ! ,*ri/ian 7 accompani$ ) miracles1 diff]+ 9 degree & int5sity1 z also correspond+ ) ! *anges & transitions ( ! times1 ! progress ( intellig5ce1 & ! developm5t ( bra9 p[]4 ,if ,moses _h made ! attempt to p]=m 8 miracles 9 ,*ri/'s "t1 he w\ld h be5 hoot$4 ,he c\ld n h deceiv$ ^! masses ) 8 tricks z he did ! ignorant horde he l$ out ( ,egypt4 ,^! p _h no op9ion1 no idea1 no intellig5ce4 ,!y 7 ! ob$i5t tools & slaves ( anyone :o exhibit$ sup]ior skill to control !m & keep !m 9 subjection1 z ! ,ca?olic & ,greek *ur* make ! ignorant masses subs]vi5t to _! w at ?is day4 ,! small end ( ! w$ge ( sci5ce _h begun to make its way into ! d5se solid mass ( ignorance & sup]/ition1 ?r\gh ! ?ick coat+ ( ,jehovi/ic sup]naturalism4 ,?is ?9 end1 h[ev]1 op5$ a *9k big en\gh to give u ! fir/ glimpse ( ! natural4 ,m5 began to ?9k1 reason1 calculate4 ,_! pa/ exp]i5ce made !m ?9k & comp>e ! v>i\s conditions ( man & ?+s 9 nature4 ,philosophy1 arts1 sci5ce1 _h tak5 root1 9 opposition to & 9 spite ( any sup]natural !ory or any ,jehovi/ic influ5ce4 ,! natural is ! prop] antidote = ?is sup]natural poison4 ,greece 0 "o ( ! fir/ nations t help$ to lift ! heavy fog t obscur$ man's intellectual vision3 ,b4,c4 ,ari/u writes a treatise on conic sections1 #chj ,dionysius inv5ts catapult1 #cii ,ari/otle1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,p]ipatetics1 logician & philosoph]1 ,plato1 ,diog5es1 ,demo/h5es 7,philippics71 etc41 #cfh ,gausias ( ,sycion inv5ts cau/ic pa9t+1 ! art ( burn+ colors into wood & ivory1 #cce ,lysi/ratus inv5ts molds f :i* to ca/ wax figures1 #cbh ,! gnomon is inv5t$ or con/ruct$ to measure altitudes1 ,euclid ( ,alex&ria writes 8 celebrat$ ,ma!matics1 t has nev] be5 contradict$ or modifi$1 & is us$ at ! pres5t day1 #cjj ,dionysius ! a/ronom] at ,alex&ria f9ds ! sol> ye> to consi/ ( #cfe days #e h\rs & #di m9utes1 ,ar*im$es ! ma!matician demon/rates ! prop]ty ( a lev] & o!r me*anical p[]s1 also ! art ( measur+ solids & surfaces & conic sections1 & con/ructs a planet>ium1 ,! art ( mak+ pap] & pr9t+ inv5t$ by ! ,*9ese1 #bjj ,attalus1 k+ ( ,p]gamos1 introduces a book ) leaves ( vellum1 in/ead ( rolls1 ,pasidonius calculates ! hight ( ! atmosph]e to be #hjj /adia1 ,scipio ,nascia inv5ts a wat] clock1 ,hipp>*us lays ! f\ndation ( trigonometry1 fixes ! fir/ degree ( longitude1 ! m]idian1 ,^! few citations ,i hope w be conv9c+ pro( ( ! progress made1 ?us %[+ t m5 7 obs]v+1 reason+1 calculat+1 gov]n$ by demon/ration & pro(4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible = ,moses1 or any o!r man1 to p]=m miracles ( ! nature !ologians believe1 at ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,two conditions are always necess>y = e miracle--pr(\nd ignorance on ! "o h&1 & a clev] fraud on ! o!r4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ano!r class ( miracles1 t are at all times 9 ord]2 t are play$ & pli$ on human fail+ & human weakness1 always c\pl$ ) ignorance on ! "o side1 & di%one/ sc\ndrelism1 a fraud by a prie/ or *ur* m\ntebank1 on ! o!r4 ,9 di/urbances ( nature1 no "o believes unless he has ocul> pro( & demon/ration1 kn[+ t ^! ?+s are subject to natural laws & no "o man c\ld produce an e>?quake or a ?und]/orm4 ,no man c\ld /op ! curr5t ( ! ,mississippi riv] ei!r by pray+ or by ?r[+ a /ick ov] x4 ,:at we c d1 t has ! appe>ance ( a miracle1 is to play ^u ! susceptibilities1 fail+s1 weaknesses1 & imag9ations ( ignorant human nature4 ,^! cure-alls1 ^! m$ical wond]-work]s1 ^! spiritual *>latans1 ^! !ological miracle-mong]s1 ^! fanatical frauds1 7 introduc$ m prom95tly 9 ! ,bible /ory by ! celebrat$ political agitators ,elijah & ,eli%a4 ,! ,*ri/ian =m ( religion is a modification ( ! ,hebrew1 mix$ ) ei!r ,greek or "s o!r ( ! num]\s doctr9es exi/+ at t p]iod4 ,! h]o ( ?is re=mation is br\ght to our notice 9 :at is scripturally call$ a miracul\s mann]4 ,mat!w introduces ! subject by say+ 7i1 #ah73 ,n[ ! bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 9 ?is wise3 ,:5 z 8 "m ,m>y 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph1 be=e !y came toge!r1 %e 0 f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,we h notic$ h[ 7,g54 vi1 #b7 ! sons ( ,god m>ri$ ! daught]s ( m5--:o ! lady 01 ! "m ( ^! sons1 we d n "k1 or by :at process !y 7 br\ght into ?is _w4 ,!re are in/ances 9 ! ,bible :5 pray] _h ! effect ( produc+ t int]e/+ condition on woman4 ,we h also ! example ( ,eli1 t fat1 lascivi\s prie/ 7^: sons ent]ta9$ !mselves beh9d ! alt> ) ! ladies7 :o assi/$ ,hannah :5 ! ,"l clos$ h] womb4 ,! ,temple has s]v$ _m outrage\s purposes1 & _m amus+ z well z in/ructive lessons might be ga!r$4 ,=tunately ! ,jewi% ,temple is no exception4 ,! hea!n temples 7 equally guilty4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 ! ,romans _h a temple ( ,isis1 & !y _h a god call$ ,anubis4 ,a man ) ! "n ( ,mundus fell 9 love ) a m>ri$ lady call$ ,paul9a1 :o brib$ ! prie/s to p]mit him to appe> to ,paul9a 9 ! temple z ! god ,anubis4 ,! prie/ repres5t+ ! god ,anubis invit$ ,paul9a to ! temple 9 ord] to be ent]ta9$ by t god4 ,h] husb&1 pleas$ ) ! favor1 cons5t$4 ,paul9a 0 ent]ta9$ all night at ! temple by :at %e suppos$ to be ! god ,anubis1 ,mundus repres5t+ him4 ,paul9a 0 delight$1 h] husb& also1 b ,mundus c\ld n hold 8 tongue4 ,tib]ius he>d ( x2 he caus$ ! temple1 prie/s1 & all to be burnt1 & ,mundus 0 exil$ = ?ree mon?s4 ,! prie/s 7 crucifi$4 ,anyone curi\s to "k p>ticul>s ab\t ?is matt] may consult hi/ory4 ,9 mod]n times1 liv+ z we d 9 an age ( reason1 fact1 & sci5ce1 we d n take ! same view ( ^! p>ticul> occurr5ces su* z ! ,bible speaks ( z our =efa!rs1 ! anci5ts :o liv$ 9 an age ( fancy & imag9ation4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 unless he is 9 ! sub/antial =m ( a man1 c accompli% no?+1 & ei!r ,mrs4 ,m>y ,joseph _h committ$ an act ( indiscretion be=e m>riage1 or ,joseph himself 0 ! fa!r4 ,x w\ld be f> m dec5t = all p>ties conc]n$ to legitimatize ! *ild4 ,! effect or result w\ld be j ! same1 s9ce ! "y g5tleman is to be ! great re=m] ( t age1 clev]1 meek1 mild1 amiable z he is repres5t$ to be 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,m>k beg9s 8 gospel3 ,! beg9n+ ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,luke beg9s hi/orically & !n tells 8 virg9 /ory 7i1 #bg74 ,john philosophizes1 & tells u t 7v]se #ah7 no man ha? se5 ,god2 ! only begott5 son :i* is 9 ! bosom ( ! fa!r1 he ha? decl>$ him4 ,9 v]se #de he is call$ ! son ( ,joseph4 ,! entrance ( ,*ri/ into ?is _w is ! mo/ /upid & ridicul\s piece ( nons5se t 0 ev] writt54 ,if ,*ri/ is ! son ( ,god he c be no relation ( ,david1 & ,joseph c c]ta9ly n be 8 fa!r4 ,or if ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! cause ( ,m>y's condition be=e m>riage1 ,joseph condon$ ! (f5se by liv+ ) h]1 & is ! fa!r by adoption & n by nature2 & c by no means be a relation or desc5dant ( ,david4 ,!n aga91 if ,joseph is ! fa!r1 ,jesus is n ! son ( ,god4 ,9 t case1 he might be a relation ( ,david1 b no relation to ,god4 ,m5 ( ord9>y education no long] believe ei!r 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! mann] ( ,*ri/'s com+1 nor 9 8 div9ity4 ,x is an absurd fabrication1 an impossibility & contr>y to nature4 ,i repeat once m1 t nei!r ,god1 8 _s1 nor 8 holy gho/1 c p]=m any?+ t is 9 direct opposition to ! laws ( nature4 ,! miracles t are attribut$ to ,jesus ,*ri/ by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john are inv>iably ( a m$ical nature2 embrac+ all k9ds--lep]s1 palsy1 fev]s1 dropsy1 ! bl9d1 ! dumb1 ! lame--hemorrhages ( wom51 ca/+ out devils1 cur+ lunatics1 heal+ e disease4 ,! mann] ( cur+ is v peculi>--by t\*1 by rebuke1 by ^w1 by spit & t\*4 ,a sample or two w suffice3 ,m>k vii1 #cb3 ,& !y br+ unto him "o t 0 deaf1 & _h an imp$im5t 9 8 spee*2 & !y besee* him to put 8 h& on him4 #cc3 ,& he took him aside f ! multitude1 & put 8 f+]s into 8 e>s1 & he spit1 & t\*$ 8 tongue4 #cd3 ,& look+ up to heav51 he sigh$1 & said unto him1 ,ephpha?a1 t is1 be op5$4 #ce3 ,& /raightway 8 e>s 7 op5$1 & ! /r+s ( 8 tongue 7 loos$1 & he spake pla94 ,matt4 xvii1 #ae1 etc43 ,*ri/ rebukes ! devil out ( a lunatic4 ,*apt] xx1 #cd3 ,he t\*es ! eyes ( two bl9d m5 & !y see4 ,luke viii1 #dc3 ,& a woman hav+ an issue ( blood twelve ye>s1 :i* _h sp5t all h] liv+ ^u physicians1 nei!r c\ld be heal$ by any4 #dd3 ,came beh9d him1 & t\*$ ! bord]s ( 8 g>m5t2 & imm$iately1 h] issue ( blood /an*$4 ,*apt] viii1 #ed 7woman dead73 ,& put !m all out1 & took h] by ! h&1 & call$ say+1 ,maid1 arise4 #ee3 ,& h] _s came aga91 & %e arose /raightway1 etc4 ,john ix1 #a3 ,& z ,jesus pass$ by1 he saw a man1 :i* 0 bl9d f 8 bir?4 ,v]se #f3 ,:5 he _h ?us spok51 he spat on ! gr\nd1 & made clay ( ! spittle1 & he ano9t$ ! eyes ( ! bl9d man ) ! clay4 ,luke xiv1 #b3 ,he cures a man ( dropsy1 etc4 ,t ^! cures 7 actually p]=m$ is n v probable1 = ! simple fact t ! art ( m$ic9e 0 little kn[n1 & lea/ kn[n among ! ,jews4 ,t ^! f\r witnesses really 7 pres5t at ! "t ^! op]ations 7 p]=m$1 we h no pro(4 ,luke says ,*ri/ cures bl9dness by t\*2 ,john makes him use spit & clay4 ,we are n told t he 0 try+ exp]im5ts4 ,anyway1 e op]ation 0 successful4 ,rais+ p f ! dead 0 equally successful4 ,:y %\ld we wond] t su* miracles c\ld be p]=m$ among ! l[] classes1 rude1 un$ucat$1 & poor8 ,!y 7 ready to believe any k9d ( plausible deception2 & x 0 among ?is class t he f\nd 8 adh]5ts4 ,^! p]=mances call$ miracles are suppos$ to h happ5$ ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,at t "t ! masses 7 n to be comp>$ to ! masses ( to-day 9 education1 und]/&+1 or 9 ! progress made 9 e bran* ( art1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 me*anics1 etc4 ,! *ur* ,*ri/ianity has also progress$ some:at1 & !re c be no possible excuse = ! prie/s ( to-day affirm+ ^! pret5d$ cures ( ,*ri/4 ,!y ought to "k t ! notions ( ^! ?+s are due to feebl5ess ( intellect 9 ! uncultur$ bra91 to ! lack ( und]/&+ & ! gullibility ( ! masses4 ,*ri/ & 8 disciples 7 z ignorant z ! masses conc]n+ m$ic9e or ! heal+ art4 ,!y knew absolutely no?+ ab\t x4 ,at #cbe ,a4,d41 lat] #cah1 fa!rs ( ! !n exi/+ ,*ri/ian organizations approv$ ( ! entire cont5ts4 ,nay1 a l>ge "p ( x may h be5 manufactur$ by !m4 ,at ?is day !re is no reason t m5 %\ld n "k bett]4 ,e man1 :e!r prie/ or layman1 ought to und]/& t s-call$ miracul\s cures c be p]=m$ only by m51 prie/s or o!rs1 t prem$itat$ly1 ) int5t1 *eat1 sw9dle1 & defraud "s portion ( ! public1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ignorance ( ! "o1 & ! sup]ior k1 %rewdness1 & cunn+ ( ! o!r4 ,x is a flagrant abuse ( au?ority1 a mis]able condition ( our laws1 a /up5d\s piece ( bigotry1 an outrage1 t a man c be puni%$ = speak+ ! tru?1 & x is an actual miracle t p are /ill s wond]fully /upid z to believe 9 ! sc&al\s deception ( ! heal+ qualities ( an old rag1 a coat1 pret5d$ to h belong$ to ,*ri/ or "s "o else4 ,rec5tly we read 9 ! daily pap]1 ! ,sun3 ,b]l91 ,sept4 #bf4--;,9 ,treves1 ,h]r ,rei*> has be5 s5t5c$ to six weeks' imprisonm5t = ridicul+ ! holy coat & = attack+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic prelates because !y enc\rag$ ! p to believe t x _h heal+ qualities4 ,8 publi%]1 ,h]r ,sonn5burg1 0 s5t5c$ to ?ree weeks' imprisonm5t4 ,! *ief *>ge aga9/ !m 0 blasphemy4 ,ev5 9 ?is city1 "s mis]able *eat or *eats attempt$ to p]petrate ! same sort ( sc\ndrelism 9 "o ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*es4 ,dur+ ! rec5t *ol]a desolation 9 ,hamburg1 we read3 ,9 all ! *ur*es s]vices ( pray] = ! abatem5t ( ! plague h be5 held4 ,!y h be5 att5d$ by cr[ds :i* h fill$ ! build+s 7,sun74 ,9 anci5t times plagues 7 reg>d$ z visitations f ,god2 to-day we "k t !y are ! products ( fil? & />vation4 ,sanit>y measures & food = ! />v+ are ne$$1 in/ead ( pray]4 ,! *ur*es w\ld answ] a f> bett] purpose conv]t$ into s\p-kit*5s & heal?y lodg+-h\ses = ! poor & homeless4 ,9 ,russia ! condition is /ill worse4 ,! degradation ( ! masses is extreme4 ,( ! dreadful do+s !re we he> b ! slighte/ e*o4 ,! ,russian prie/ is an ignorant1 intol]ant1 selfi%1 tyrannical brute4 ,9 "t ( *ol]a ! cl]gy walk 9 procession ?r\gh ! /reets 9 *ur* g>b1 ) bann]s1 crosses1 c&les1 *ant+ & pray+1 :ile ! dirt1 fil?1 & *ol]a poison lie all ar\nd !m4 ,! pilgrimages to ,l\rdes are ano!r ecclesia/ical sw9dle4 ,! poor1 mis]able dupes are entic$ 9 ord] to be plund]$4 ,f ! ,tribune1 ,zola at ,l\rdes1 we quote3 ,no?+ c\ld be m truly s5sational ?an ! annual pilgrimage ?i!r1 ! flock+ to t %r9e ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( devotees1 doz5s ( special tra9s runn+ to x daily2 ! daily processions1 ) ?\s&s ( prie/s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( ! laity2 ! f]v5t pray]s ( ! supplicants1 & ! wild exaltation ( ^? t are miracul\sly heal$--or :o believe !mselves to be heal$4444 ,s ,m4 ,zola1 accompani$ by ,mme4 ,zola1 7 at ,l\rdes1 & foll[+ ! cr[d1 proce$$ at once to ! holy grotto4 ,he f\nd x surr\nd$ by m ?an tw5ty ?\s& p1 ( bo? sexes & ( all ages & conditions4 ,inde$ 9 none ( 8 novels is a m /rik+ sc5e portray$ ?an t4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! daily procession occurr$4 ,at its head m>*$ no less ?an two ?\s& prie/s1 monks1 & nuns4 ,!n came ! holy sacram5t1 borne b5ea? a silk5 canopy4 ,aft] x came ! sick & ! suff]+ :o _h come ?i!r to be cur$4 ,^! 7 cripples on crut*es or lean+ on ! arms ( fri5ds2 ! bl9d1 l$ by _! fri5ds or fell[-pilgrims2 sick & de=m$ infants 9 _! mo!rs' arms2 "h & !re a cripple & a bl9d man arm 9 arm1 rely+ ^u ea* o!r1 ! "o = support1 ! o!r = guidance4 ,beh9d ^! ?\s&s came o!r ?\s&s ( suppliants1 sightse]s1 p]haps "s sc(f]s1 :ile yet o!r ?\s&s /ood by & gaz$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,x is inde$ a miracle t we h s _m su* p]sons at ?is /age ( progressive civilization4 ,b ! *ur* & its prie/s h ex]t$ e influ5ce to prev5t its advance4 ,=tunately ! _w at l>ge has outgr[n ?is *ildi% nons5se to "s ext5t4 ,! developm5t ( our civil laws1 ) a great] k ( ! natural laws1 keep ! *ur* & prie/ly fanatics 9 subjection4 ,z to ! resurrection ( ,*ri/'s body1 or anyone else's body1 we may put x d[n z fabul\s & untrue4 ,dead bodies d n rise--_c rise4 ,f ! mom5t a body is dead ! process ( decomposition beg9s1 & resuscitation is an impossibility4 ,no "o believes x1 & ! prie/ ( ?is c5tury ev5 d\bts x1 ?\gh ! mann] ( ,*ri/'s bir? & dea? =ms ! cre$ ( ,*ri/ian believ]s1 & reads z foll[s3 ,i believe 9 ,god1 ! fa!r almighty1 mak] ( heav5 & e>?1 & 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 only son our ,"l1 :o 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$1 dead & buri$4 ,he desc5d$ into hell2 ! ?ird day he rose aga9 f ! dead2 he asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 :5ce he %all come to judge ! quick & ! dead4 ,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! communion ( sa9ts1 ! remission ( s9s1 ! resurrection ( ! body1 & life ev]la/+4 ,does anyone1 except ! mo/ ignorant1 believe any ( ! items conta9$ 9 ! above cre$8 ,! m5 t compos$ ! ,old1 & lat] ! ,new ,te/am5t1 may h be5 s9c]e 9 _! belief1 may h act$ f pure motives1 & ,i give !m cr$it t _! endeavors 7 hone/1 t !y knew no bett]4 ,!y c\ld n "k ! tru?1 h k ( ! natural4 ,its =ces1 its capabilities1 its ph5om5a--^! 7 unkn[n to !m4 ,!y err$1 7 mi/ak5 9 :at !y obs]v$2 t ( itself is ample excuse = _! op9ions4 ,no su* excuse exi/s at ?is pres5t "t1 & no m5 or set ( m51 h[ev] organiz$1 prie/ly or o!rwise1 %\ld be p]mitt$ to delude & /upefy ! m ignorant portion ( a community4 ,! judge on ! b5* ought to "k bett] ?an puni% a man because he ridicules ! efficacy ( an old coat to cure miracul\sly4 ,x is a disgrace to our civilization1 & %\ld n be tol]at$4 ,we h a "r to criticise any idea1 op9ion1 set ( op9ions1 or c]emonies1 no matt] h[ anci5t1 h[ orig9at$ or by :om ent]ta9$ or put into practice4 ,we h z mu* "r to prote/ aga9/ ! tru? or falsity ( _! /atem5ts1 z any ( our =efa!rs _h 9 remote ages4 ,any individual t p]mits 8 prejudices to get ! bett] ( 8 judgm5t1 because he belongs to ?is or t *ur*1 is unfit to s]ve 9 a public capacity4 ,! judge or magi/rate t s5t5c$ ,rei*> & ,sonn5b]g at ,treves des]ves to be br&$ z ! greate/ jackass t ev] decorat$ a b5*4 ,ridicule is ! only weapon t wipes out ^! %ameful practices1 t helps to enlight5 ! masses1 t elevates _! ?\ghts & makes _! und]/&+4 ,x is disgraceful en\gh = ! anci5ts to h crucifi$ ,*ri/ = 8 op9ions1 behead$ ,paul = 8 prea*+1 & crucifi$ ,/4 ,pet] = 8 en]gy4 ,abraham _h a "r to h 8 op9ions4 ,he diff]$ ) ! ,*aldeans ab\t _! gods1 ridicul$ !m1 despis$ !m1 argu$1 reason$1 z be/ he knew h[4 ,he _h to leave ! l& ( 8 bir? = 8 op9ions4 ,moses _h a "r to set up 8 ,jehova1 organize a nation1 & fight "u 8 bann]4 ,he =c$ a success ) sup]ior numb]s & sup]ior skill4 ,com+ to ,*ri/1 ,paul & ,pet] _h a "r to _! op9ions4 ,!y suff]$ = _! op9ions1 yet _! op9ions held4 ,we ( to-day h a "r to d5y ! tru? ( _! op9ion4 ,we h a "r to d5y any "p or ! :ole ( _! doctr9e1 _! pret5sions1 _! errors2 we h a p]fect "r to decl9e to accept _! say-s = pro( ( anyone's hav+ done c]ta9 ?+s by sup]natural aid4 ,& nei!r *ur* nor prie/ c =ce p to believe 9 _! absurdities1 :5 our reason1 und]/&+1 & common s5se tell u t x is nei!r true nor possible4 ,few m5 are s dull t !y d n recognize ! fact t x is unpleasant1 z well z unpr(itable1 = an organiz$ body ( m51 :e!r *ur* or o!r organization1 :o h prosp]$1 ga9$ influ5ce1 control & au?ority ov] m51 t]ritory or weal?1 by means ( c]ta9 ideas or op9ions1 to be int]f]$ ) or encroa*$ ^u by a new & oppos+ organiz$ body1 ) new ideas or op9ions1 le/ ! =m] might lose "s ( _! influ5ce1 control1 or au?ority ov] m51 t]ritory1 or weal?4 ,selfi%ness & self-pres]vation lie at ! root ( ?is1 & e aggressive movem5t w be h9d]$1 *eck$1 or prev5t$ if possible4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,organic ,,life--,,vegetable4 ,! con/itu5t elem5ts t ent] into vegetable life consi/ 9 ! ma9 ( ?ree elem5t>y sub/ances4 ,^! ess5tial elem5ts consi/ ( oxyg51 hydrog51 & c>bon4 ,! second>y elem5t>y bodies consi/ ( nitrog5 & e>?y elem5ts1 sulphur & phosphorus4 ,!re are also f\nd o!r elem5t>y sub/ances 9 less] quantities 9 vegetable /ructures1 z potassium1 sodium1 calcium1 magnesium1 silicon1 alum9ium1 iron1 manganese1 *lor9e1 brom9e1 & iod9e4 ,^! are ! mat]ials ( :i* vegetables are made4 ,vegetables d]ive all ! mat]ials ( _! fabric f ! e>? & ! air4 ,plants c possess no simple elem5ts :i* ^! d n supply4 ,!y may take 91 to "s ext5t1 almo/ e elem5t :i* is ?us suppli$4 ,! elem5ts above m5tion$ are n ( univ]sal occurr5ce1 nor are !y all compon5ts ( any "o vegetable tissue4 ,al?\gh plants & animals h no peculi> elem5ts2 ?\gh ! mat]ials f :i* _! bodies spr+1 & to :i* !y return1 are common e>?1 wat]1 & air1 yet 9 !m ^! elem5ts are wr\ght into some?+ widely diff]5t f any =m ( lifeless m9]al matt]s1 "u ! influ5ce ( :at is usually t]m$ ! pr9ciple ( life4 ,?is may be said to consi/ ( a favorable condition br\ght ab\t by ! union ( c]ta9 elem5ts1 "u a moi/ atmosph]e & a high temp]ature1 comb9$ ) o!r p[]ful =ces 9 nature4 ,:5 ?is t]re/rial globe began to cool ! matt] pr$om9at+ 9 ! atmosph]e 0 wat] or its elem5ts oxyg5 & hydrog51 c>bonic acid & nitrog52 "u ! influ5ce ( a high temp]ature1 & p[]ful s\rces ( electricity1 num]\s comb9ations 7 produc$ betwe5 ! elem5ts2 fir/ c>burett$ hydrog51 !n a nitrog5\s comb9ation1 m or less analog\s to ! album9\s matt] :i* we "k 7,huxley74 ,among ! innum]able comb9ations nature produc$1 dur+ a s]ies ( inf9ite ages1 sl[ly und]go+ trans=mation1 ! mixture ( ^! sub/ances1 act+ *emically ^u "o ano!r1 g5]at+ & reg5]at+ at ! exp5se ( _! surr\nd+s1 compos$ ! fir/ liv+ be+4 ,?is be+ 0 ( excessive simplicity1 comp>able to ! organisms :i* we call mon]a4 ,! sun's heat act+ ^u ^! elem5ts1 & ! elem5ts act+ ^u "o ano!r1 produc$ motion4 ,heat is motion1 expansion1 re/ra9$ & act+ 9 its /rife ^u ! smalle/ p>ticles ( bodies4 ,! pr9ciples ( life 7 fir/ produc$ by ! action ( ! sun's heat ^u ^! vitaliz+ elem5ts1 sett+ !m 9 motion1 g5]at+ ! requir$ =ce4 ,! surr\nd+ condition be+ favorable1 ! simple/ =m ( physiological life 0 produc$4 ,once "u ! influ5ce ( :at may n[ be t]m$ ! pr9ciple ( life1 9 connection ) :i* alone su* ph5om5a are manife/$1 ! ?ree or f\r simple con/itu5ts effect$ peculi> comb9ations1 giv+ rise to a few organizable elem5ts--z !y are t]m$1 because ( !m ! organiz$ fabric ( ! vegetable or animal k+dom is built up4 ,?is fabric is 9 a good degree simil> 9 all liv+ bodies2 ! solid p>ts1 or tissues1 9 all assum+ ! =m ( membranes1 arrang$ s z to surr\nd cavities1 or =m ! walls ( tubes1 9 :i* fluids are conta9$4 ,su* a /ructure is call$ organiz$ /ructure1 & ! bodies s compos$ are call$ organiz$ bodies1 because su* fabrics consi/ ( p>ts cop]at+ ) "o ano!r z in/rum5ts or organs adapt$ to c]ta9 ends1 & ?r\gh :i* alone ! liv+ pr9ciple1 "u ^: influ5ce ! /ructure itself 0 built up1 is manife/$ 9 ! op]ations :i* ! animal or plant c>ries on4 ,!re is 9 e organic fabric1 a necess>y connection betwe5 its con=mation & ! action x is de/9$ to p]=m4 ,?is is equally true ( ! m9ute /ructure1 or tissue1 z reveal$ by ! microscope1 & ( ! l>g] organs :i* ! tissues =m 9 all plants & animals ( ! high] grades1 su* z a leaf1 a petal1 or a t5dril1 a h&1 an eye1 or a muscle4 ,! t]m organization =m]ly ref]r$ to ! possession ( organs 9 ?is l>g] s5se1 t is1 ( conspicu\s p>ts or membranes4 ,x is n[ appli$ z well to ! intimate /ructure ( ^! p>ts1 !mselves made up ( small] organs ?r\gh :i* ! vital =ces directly act4 ,protoplasm1 call$ by ,huxley ! basis ( physical life1 is no?+ m ?an a homog5e\s album9\s matt]4 ,an isolat$ album9oid is n liv+ any m ?an an acid or a base equally isolat$ is a *emically active body4 ,b a mixture ( two or sev]al album9\s sub/ances 7a protoplasm conta9s at lea/ two7 might be liv+1 simil>ly z a mixture ( an acid & a base demon/rates ! *emical activity ( ! two bodies4 ,b1 :]eas 9 ! comb9ation ( an acid & a base1 ! =mation ( a new body puts an end to ! dynamic manife/ations ( ! mixture2 ! album9\s matt] :i* by its union gives bir? to a protoplasm1 t is to say1 to liv+ matt]1 is capable ( g5]at+ itself at ! exp5se ( ! m$ium 9 :i* x is plac$1 & 9 proportion to ! dynamic manife/ations :i* x produces1 gives bir? to "s reject$ excreta 9 its mid/4 ,liv+ matt] may be r\ghly comp>$ to an electric pile1 ! elem5ts ( :i* are capable ( reg5]at+ indef9itely4 ,?is cont9ual ex*ange ( ! elem5ts ( liv+ bodies & ! m$ium 9 :i* !y are plac$1 is "o ( ! conditions ( life4 ,life is ! cont9u$ organization1 :ile ! molecules con/itut+ ! organiz$ body 7organism7 are 9 a /ate ( mobile equilibrium1 or a cont9ual r5ovation4 ,a gra9 ( vegetation1 or an animal 7,rotif]a7 sl[ly dri$1 might n manife/ any vital prop]ty = a long "t4 ,f> f con/itut+ an example oppos$ to our def9ition1 x on ! contr>y goes to corroborate x4 ,:il/ ! *emical elem5ts :i* compose x c\ld n act "o ^u ! o!r1 x 0 necess>y t !y %\ld be dissolv$3 ,corpora non agunt nisi sulta4 ,"o might comp>e ^! organisms to a pile :]e no?+ except ! fluid is want+4 ,! eggs ( c]ta9 animals 7birds1 etc471 t require a c]ta9 heat 9 ord] to develop completely1 furni% u a case analog\s to ^? *emical actions :i* c\ld n be accompli%$ 9 a p]fect mann] except by a suffici5t elevation ( temp]ature4 ,! long discussions t h tak5 place 9 ! la/ few ye>s on ?is "q1 ! attempt$ ef=ts to demon/rate or refute ! het]og5ic doctr9e1 h b indiff]5tly s]v$ ! purposes ( sci5ce4 ,!y h made u at lea/ to see m cle>ly ! impot5ce ( *emi/ry & physiology alone to solve ! biological problem4 ,x is impossible = anyone to /udy ) c>e ! organization ( ! ,infusoria1 & ev5 ! ,proti/a1 & believe t be+s s complex are =m$ by spontane\s g5]ation4 ,! size ( an animal or a vegetable signifies no?+ 9 ?is "q4 ,! imp]fections ( ! micrographic inve/igation h alone p]mitt$ ! notion ( ! creation ( be+s su* z ! ,p>amecia1 ! ,mucid9a1 etc4 ,ev5 9 ! m inf]ior ,proti/a1 ! ,bact]ia1 & o!r ,s*izomycites1 ! hypo!sis ( het]og5y is rev]s$ by ! simple obs]vation t ^! be+s pres5t a v complicat$ metamorphosis4 ,an evolution1 t is to say a s]ies ( suppos$ =cible metamorphoses1 a special condition ( ! g]m1 result+ f h]$ity1 consequ5tly proves a g5]ation dep5d5t on o!r ?an ant]ior organisms4 ,?is reason+1 h[ev]1 demon/rates 9 an unobjectionable mann] t ! fir/ liv+ be+s 7 =m$ indep5d5t ( all prexi/+ organization1 & t ^! be+s 7 z little organiz$ z possible4 ,! late/ progress 9 *emi/ry & 9 biology p]mits u to raise ! veil p>tly 9 recov]+ ! obscure orig9 ( liv+ matt]4 ,,animal-,,vegetables1 ,,proti/a4 ,:5 we behold ! plants & animals t ord9>ily surr\nd u1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! animal & vegetable k+dom is someh[ intuitive4 ,& x seems a loss ( "t & tr\ble to indicate ! "* :i* sep>ates ^! two f ea* o!r4 ,x is n ! same :5 we desc5d ! scale ( organisms4 ,!n we arrive at an inf]ior region :]e ! di/9ction disappe>s gradually1 & we soon conceive ! exi/5ce ( a fronti] zone betwe5 ! animal & vegetable1 a neutral t]ritory :i* has be5 designat$ ! k+dom ( ,proti/a4 ,!y reproa* naturali/s = admitt+ ! k+dom ( ,proti/a1 accus+ !m ( d\bl+ ! difficulty1 in/ead ( aboli%+ x2 s9ce x is necess>y to e/abli% a di/9ction betwe5 ,proti/a1 on ! "o "p animal1 on ! o!r vegetable4 ,t objection c\ld be made e "t !y e/abli%$ a new division 9 ! organic k+dom4 ,x does n signify any?+ = ^? :o "k t all divisions t tr5* on biology are purely subjective & t nature does n b5d to our /rict sy/em ( classification4 ,natura non facit saltus4 ,all liv+ bodies c be decompos$ into visible elem5ts "u ! microscope1 & ^! h be5 nam$ ,pla/ides or ,cells4 ,t ^w is employ$ 9 a m g5]al s5se4 ,! mo/ simple ,pla/ide is ! ,cytode1 a simple mass ( protoplasm )\t a nucleus or membran\s envelope4 ,a cell 9 a re/rict$ mean+ ( ! ^w is a ,cytode pres5t+ a nucleus1 t is to say1 a mass ( protoplasm 9 ! mid/ ( :i* is a di/9ct "p ( ! sub/ance ambi5t diff]5tiat$ by its aspect & its prop]ty4 #a4 ,plants & animals are always produc$ "u ! influ5ce ( a liv+ body simil> to !mselves4 #b4 ,!y develop f a g]m or rudim5t1 & run ?r\gh a c\rse ( *anges1 to a /ate ( maturity4 #c4 ,plants increase by a process ?r\gh :i* =eign mat]ials are tak51 made to p]meate _! int]ior1 & deposit$ int]/itially among ! p>ticles ( ! previ\sly exi/+ sub/ance2 t is1 !y are n\ri%$ by food4 #d4 ,plants & animals alone possess ! p[] ( assimilation1 or ! faculty ( conv]t+ ! prop] =eign mat]ials !y receive into _! own peculi> sub/ance4 #e4 ,connect$ ) assimilation1 z a "p ( ! functions ( nutrition1 is a /ate ( int]nal activity & unceas+ *ange 9 liv+ bodies2 ^! con/antly und]go+ decomposition & recomposition1 p>ticles :i* h s]v$ _! turn be+ cont9ually ?r[n out ( ! sy/em z new ones are br\ght 94 ,?is is true ( bo? plants & animals1 b m fully ( ! latt]4 #f4 ,! duration ( liv+ be+s is limit$4 ,!y are develop$1 !y rea* maturity1 !y support !mselves = a "t1 !n p]i% by dea? soon] or lat]4 ,m9]al bodies h no life to lose1 & conta9 no int]nal pr9ciple ( de/ruction4 ,once =m$1 !y exi/ until de/roy$ by "s ext]nal p[]4 ,!y lie passive "u control ( physical =ces4 ,life4 ,! great *>act]i/ic ( plants & animals is life1 :i* ^! be+s enjoy1 b m9]als d n4 ,we may safely inf] t life is n a product1 or result1 ( ! organization2 b is a =ce manife/$ 9 matt]1 :i* x controls & %apes into peculi> =ms--into an app>atus1 9 :i* means are manife/ly adapt$ to ends1 by :i* results are rea*$ t are 9 no o!r way atta9able4 ,z we rise 9 ! scale ( organiz$ /ructure f plants ?r\gh ! v>i\s grades ( ! animal organization1 ! sup]add$ vital manife/ations become m & m /rik+ & peculi>4 ,b ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( liv+ be+s--^? :i* all enjoy 9 common1 & :i* necess>ily give rise to all ! peculi>ities above enum]at$--are r$ucible to two1 viz43 #a4 ,! p[] ( self-support1 t ( n\ri%+ !mselves by tak+ 9 surr\nd+ m9]al matt] & conv]t+ x into _! own prop] sub/ance2 by :i* individuals increase 9 bulk or gr[1 & ma9ta9 _! life2 #b4 ,! p[] ( self-division or reproduction1 by :i* !y increase 9 numb] & p]petuate ! species4 ,a /rik+ illu/ration may set bo? po9ts 9 a /rong light4 ,! l>va ( ! fle%-fly possesses su* p[] ( assimilation t x w increase its own weight two hundr$ times 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & su* consequ5t p[] ( reproduction t ,l9nu did n exagg]ate :5 he affirm$ t ,?ree fle%-flies w\ld dev\r ! c>cass ( a horse z quickly z a lion4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 vegetable & m9]al is !re=e well def9$4 ,b ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 plants & animals is by no means s readily drawn4 ,ord9>ily1 !re c be no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ a vegetable f an animal4 ,all ! que/ionable cases occur on ! l[] conf9es ( ! k+dom1 :i* exhibit =ms ( ! greate/ simplicity ( /ructure1 & ( a m9ut5ess ( size t baffles obs]vation4 ,ev5 "h ! unc]ta9ty may be attribut$ r to ! imp]fection ( our k1 ?an to any confusion ( ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ! two k9ds ( be+s 7! k+dom ( ,proti/a above allud$ to74 ,! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( vegetables d\btless dep5d ^u ! position :i* ! vegetable k+dom occupies betwe5 ! m9]al & ! animal1 & ^u ! g5]al (fice x fulfills4 ,plants are ^? organiz$ be+s t live directly ^u ! m9]al k+dom1 ^u ! surr\nd+ e>?1 air1 wat]4 ,!y alone conv]t inorganic1 or m9]al1 into organic matt]2 :il/ animals orig9ate none1 b draw _! :ole su/5ance f ! organiz$ matt] :i* plants h ?us elaborat$4 ,plants1 hav+ ?us ! mo/ intimate relations ) ! m9]al _w1 are g5]ally fix$ to ! e>?1 or o!r sub/ance ^u :i* !y gr[1 & ! m9]al matt] ^u :i* !y fe$ is tak5 directly into _! sy/em by absorption f )\t1 & is assimilat$ "u ! influ5ce ( light 9 organs expos$ to ! air1 :ile animals1 end[$ ) volition & capable ( respond+ promptly to ext]nal impressions1 h ! p[] ( select+ ! food ready prep>$ = _! n\ri%m5t1 :i* is receiv$ into an int]nal res]voir or /oma*4 ,! p]man5t fabric ( plants is compos$ ( only ,c>bon1 ,hydrog51 & ,oxyg54 ,! tissue ( animals conta9s an additional elem5t1 viz41 ,nitrog54 ,plants1 z a necess>y result ( assimilat+ _! inorganic food1 decompose c>bonic acid & re/ore its oxyg5 to ! atmosph]e4 ,animals 9 respiration cont9ually recompose c>bonic acid1 at ! exp5se ( ! oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]e & ! c>bon ( plants4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,organic ,,life--,,animal4 ,we h se5 t ! pr9cipal elem5ts1 ! mo/ active1 t ent] into ! composition ( plant life1 t =m ! food sub/ance = ! support & n\ri%m5t ( animals1 are ma9ly compos$ ( ?ree elem5ts1 ,oxyg51 ,hydrog51 & ,c>bon2 t dur+ evolution1 gr[?1 & developm5t c]ta9 elem5ts are absorb$ & assimilat$1 :ile o!rs1 ! gases1 are ex*ang$4 ,plants yield up ,oxyg5 & take 9 ,c>bonic acid f ! atmosph]e1 :i* !y /ore up & elaborate4 ,we h also se5 t all ! elem5ts t ent] into ! composition ( ! v>i\s sorts ( vegetation1 are1 *emically consid]$1 sev5te5 9 numb]4 ,,animal ,,life4 ,! animal1 l ! vegetable1 is also compos$ ( *emical elem5ts1 & by *emical analysis has be5 f\nd to conta9 eighte51 z foll[s3 #a4 ,( prim>y or vital importance3 ,oxyg51 ,hydrog51 ,c>bon1 ,nitrog54 #b4 ,( second>y importance1 ent]+ into ! m solid /ructures3 sulphur1 phosphorus1 calcium1 sodium1 *lor9e1 silicon1 potassium1 fluor9e1 magnesia1 iron4 #c4 ,accid5tal con/itu5ts3 ,magnesium1 alum9a1 copp]1 & lead4 ,! comp\nds f\nd 9 ! body are recogniz$ z be+ d]iv$ f organic & inorganic sub/ances4 ,organic sub/ances are obta9$3 #a4 ,f plants & vegetables1 & are t]m$ c>bohydrates or non-nitrog5\s sub/ances1 be+ compos$ ( ,oxyg51 ,c>bon1 & ,hydrog5--z />*1 sug>1 etc4 #b4 ,f animals3 nitrog5\s sub/ances2 ^! comp\nds conta9 ,oxyg51 ,hydrog51 ,c>bon1 & ,nitrog5--z meat1 :ite ( eggs2 ^! are also t]m$ album9\s4 #c4 ,m9]al1 elem5ts ( inorganic orig91 z soda1 potassium1 phosphorus1 etc4 ,! m highly organiz$ tissues f\nd 9 ! animal are compos$ ( five elem5ts1 z muscle1 bra91 blood2 ^! are ,oxyg51 ,c>bon1 ,hydrog51 ,nitrog51 & sulphur4 ,album51 = example1 exi/s 9 mo/ ( ! tissues ( ! body1 b especially 9 ! n]v\s tissue1 lymph1 *yle1 blood1 etc4 ,fibr9e is f\nd mo/ abundantly 9 ! blood & ! m p]fect portions ( ! lymph & *yle4 ,gelat9\s sub/ances are conta9$ 9 ! cellul> or fibro-cellul> tissues 9 all p>ts ( ! body1 z t5dons1 ligam5ts1 c>tilages1 bone1 sk91 muc\s membranes1 etc4 ,*ondr9e is obta9$ f c>tilages1 etc4 ,! g5]al *emical composition ( ^! sub/ances is z foll[s3 ,album54 ,fibr9e4 ,gelat9e4 ,*ondr9e4 ,c>bon #eb4e #eb4g #ej4dj #di4ig ,hydrog5 #g4j #f4i #f4fd #f4fc ,nitrog5 #ae4e #ae4d #ah4cd #ad4dd ,oxyg5 #bb4j #bc4e #bh4eh ,sulphur #a4f #a4b #bd4cf #j4ch 7,inorganic elem5ts47 ,phosphorus #j4d #j4c ------ ------ ------ ------ #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! composition ( ^! tissues1 m ?an half ( _! con/itu5t elem5ts is ,c>bon4 ,!re is b a v small quantity ( ,hydrog54 ,! mo/ abundant inorganic sub/ance 9 ! body is wat]1 :i* is compos$ ( ,oxyg5 "o & ,hydrog5 two 7,,oh#b74 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ! body is made up ( wat]4 ,! body is compos$ ( v>i\s /ructures4 ,( ! *ief tissues ( ! human body1 ! weight is z foll[s3 ,! skeleton #ae4i p] c5t4 ,! muscles #da4h 11 ,?oracic ,visc]a 7lungs1 he>t1 etc47 #a4g 11 ,abdom9al ,visc]a 7liv]1 etc47 #g4b 11 ,fat #ah4b 11 ,sk9 #f4i 11 ,bra9 #a4i 11 ,let u exam9e1 briefly1 ea* ( ^!4 ,! skeleton4--,! skeleton1 or solid framework ( ! body1 is ma9ly =m$ ( bones1 b is complet$ 9 "s p>ts by ! addition ( c>tilages4 ,! bones are b\nd toge!r by means ( ligam5ts1 & are s dispos$ z to support ! s(t] p>ts1 protect delicate organs1 & give atta*m5t to ! muscles by :i* ! diff]5t movem5ts are execut$4 ,!re are two hundr$ & f\r bones 9 ! body3 ,! v]tebral column conta9s #bf ,! skull--cranium & face #bb ,! hyoid bone--bone ( ! tongue #a ,ribs & /]num1 =m+ ! ?orax #be ,! upp] limbs--arms & %\ld]s #fd ,! l[] limbs #fb ,small bones1 includ+ ! patella or kneecap1 to ! numb] ( #af ,! organic con/itu5ts =m ab\t #cc4c p] c5t ( ! composition ( bone1 :ile ! rema9d]1 #ff4g p] c5t1 is inorganic matt]2 z foll[s3 ,organic matt] 7gelat9e & blood-vessels7 #cc4cj ,phosphate ( lime #ea4jd ,c>bonate ( lime #aa4cj ,inorganic sub/ances ,fluoride ( calcium #b4jj ,phosphate ( magnesia #a4af ,soda & *loride ( sodium #a4bj ,! m9]al or e>?y matt] ent]s v l>gely into ! composition ( bone4 ,a fibr\s membrane cov]s bone ext]nally1 & is call$ p]io/eum4 ,! holl[ bones conta9 m>r[1 compos$ ( fat1 #if p>ts2 wat]1 #c2 connect+ tissue1 #a4 ,bones are suppli$ ) blood-vessels1 :i* c>ry ! nutriti\s fluid to !m4 #a4 ,! ma/] tissues4 ,prim>ily1 x is ! tissue1 & n ! blood1 t gets load$ ) c>bonic acid1 ! latt] simply receiv+ ! gas f ! =m] by diffusion1 & ! oxyg5 :i* passes f ! blood into ! tissues be+ at once tak5 up 9 "s comb9ation4 #b4 ,ne>ly "o-half ( ! weight ( ! body consi/s ( ! skeletal muscles1 & ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! total blood 9 ! body is conta9$ 9 !m4 #c4 ,! muscles are always produc+ c>bonic acid 7,,co#b71 & :5 !y contract !re is a sudd5 & ext5sive increase ( ! normal production4 #d4 ,oxyg5 is necess>y = ! life ( ! muscle2 x is = ! n]v\s tissue1 b = muscul> tissue especially4 #e4 ,:5 v5\s blood1 in/ead ( art]ial1 is s5t ?r\gh ! blood-vessel ( a muscle1 ! irritability spe$ily disappe>s1 & unless fre% oxyg5 is adm9i/]$ ! muscle soon ceases to act & dies4 #f4 ,! oxidation p[] is det]m9$ by ! tissue & by ! tissue only4 #g4 ,all ! available evid5ce goes to %[ t oxidation takes place 9 all ! tissues & n 9 ! adjo9+ blood4 ,! ma/] tissues ( ! body are ! muscul> & n]v\s tissues4 ,all o!r tissues may be reg>d$ z ! s]vants to ^!4 ,^! tissues are ! all-important tissues 9 ! body4 ,! muscul> tissues con/itute & c>ry out ! p[]1 =ce1 or en]gy ( ! body4 ,!y set ! body 9 motion4 ,!y d ! "w4 ,!y regulate ! delicate movem5ts ( ! organs ( special s5se or function1 z ! eye1 ! e>1 ! tongue1 ! nose1 l>ynx1 ?orax1 abdom52 & fight+1 def5d+1 build+1 de/roy+1 labor & me*anical skill ( :atev] nature1 dep5d on !m4 ,( ex]cise1 sport1 pa9 & pleasure1 s5sation1 emotion1 expression ( ! face1 9 fact all 9 all 9 e act ( life1 ! muscles1 ! volunt>y muscles1 mu/ p]=m ! "w4 ,!y are call$ ! muscles ( ,animal life4 ,!y are ,volunt>y2 !y may be set 9 action at w4 ,= guidance1 control1 cord9ation1 s5sation1 & motion1 ! muscul> tissues are dep5d5t on ! n]v\s tissues4 ,x is n difficult to und]/&1 ,i ?9k1 z w be expla9$ lat] on1 t all muscul> movem5ts are p]fectly natural1 purely physical & me*anical4 ,! n]v\s tissue w be a little m difficult to compreh5d1 = causes t are reasonable & pla94 ,all animals are provid$ ) two di/9ct sets ( organs3 #a4 ,! ma/] tissues1 ! n]v\s & muscul> tissues1 ! volunt>y muscul> tissues1 :i* are ! organs ( animal life1 ! volunt>y1 ! active organs t d ! "w1 consume ! food1 & ?r[ (f ! wa/e mat]ial2 & #b4 ,! s]vants to ^!1 ! involunt>y tissues1 ! organs ( organic life t prep>e ! food1 c>ry x to ! ma/] tissues1 & br+ away ! wa/e mat]ial4 ,! inh]5t qualities ( bo? ^! sets ( organs are in/9ctive1 ) ?is diff]5ce--! =m]1 ! volunt>y1 ! controll+ & work+ ma/] tissues1 are capable ( developm5t1 progressively1 acquir+ intellig5ce1 matur+ into educat$ness1 etc4 ,! latt]1 ! involunt>y1 are simply s]vants to ^!1 & !y p]=m _! functions 9 ! same mann] in/9ctively all ?r\gh life4 ,! muscul> & n]v\s tissues are ! educable tissue4 ,by repetition1 practice1 & ex]cise !y improve & at l5g? exhibit c]ta9 degrees ( skill 9 ! p]=mance ( _! "w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! organs ( ma/ication1 deglutition1 dige/ion1 absorption1 excretion1 circulation1 & respiration simply p]=m _! functions in/9ctively1 )\t possess+ ! capacity ( improvem5t1 & )\t reg>d to volition4 ,^! act involunt>ily ?r\gh\t life1 z prep>]s & c>ri]s ( n\ri%m5t to ! ma/] tissues1 & remov]s ( wa/e mat]ial4 ,! "w ( ! muscul> tissues is comp>atively easy to und]/&4 ,we c see ! "w done1 c acc\nt = x1 c demon/rate x4 ,! p]=mances are capable ( absolute pro(1 & controv]sy !re=e is out ( "q4 ,! n]v\s tissues pres5t q ano!r /ate ( ?+s4 ,! great mass ( c]ebral matt]1 ) all its complicat$ organs & _! app5dages1 are hid )9 ! cranium ( ! skull4 ,we h no ocul> pro( ( any?+ t is done by t /ructure1 or ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! tissue acts4 ,t we c see1 he>1 ta/e1 & smell we "k4 ,we recognize ! organs t p]=m ^! functions4 ,s5sation1 feel+1 memory1 ?9k+1 _c s easily be acc\nt$ =4 ,among ! masses x is a my/]y to-day4 ,! doctr9e ( a dual exi/5ce 9 man is old1 /ill x is held on to ) rem>kable t5acity4 ,! *ur* /ill tea*es & prea*es t s\l or _s is a "p ( "s great p]sonality or individuality n at all connect$ ) nature--sup]natural1 div9e1 godly4 ,?is sup]natural "p1 x is said1 is plac$ 9 man "s "t dur+ ! process ( bir?4 ,?is subject w be m fully discuss$ f>!r on1 9 ord] to %[ :at que] views !ologians =m]ly held on "s sci5tific subjects4 ,i beg to quote f a ,talmudi/ic s*ol> & philosoph] "s ?\s& ye>s ago3 ,,philosophico-,,anatomical ,,views ,,( ,a ,,celebrat$ ,,hebrew ,,au?or1 ,,aft] ,,talmudi/ic ,,int]pretation4 ,jehuda ha-,levi b5 ,samuel1 ^: ,arabic "n 0 ,abulhassan1 consid]$ an au?ority & philosoph] ( repute1 0 born 9 ,ca/ile #ajhe ,a4,d4 ,he adopt$ m$ic9e = 8 pr(ession1 b 0 also a travel]1 philosoph]1 & /ud5t1 & a ,talmudi/ic s*ol> & writ]4 ,he wrote a book call$ ,seph] ,hakusir3 ,book ,kus>i4 ,x is a philosophico-!ologico-sci5tific treatise1 conduct$ 9 dialogue betwe5 himself & ! k+ ( ,kus>1 :o became conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( 8 argum5t & 0 conv]t$ to ! ,hebrew fai?4 ,9 ! f\r? "p1 section #be1 page #bdf1 ,jehuda ha-,levi is expla9+ ! h>moni\s work+ ( ! :ole univ]se1 & 9 evid5ce !re( he cites ! _w1 s\l1 & ye>1 v le>n$ly sett+ =? ! my/]i\s work+ ( creation1 ! sup]natural orig9 & significance ( ! ,hebrew lett]s1 ! secret & hidd5 mean+ ( _! numb]1 etc4 ,?is is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple t "o re/s on ?ree1 ?ree on sev51 & sev5 on twelve1 z foll[s3 ,lett]s3 ,?ree ,mo!rs1 ,a4 ,m4 ,%4 ,al(1 ,mem1 ,%94 ,_w1 ,air1 ,wat]1 ,fire4 ,man1 ,*e/1 ,abdom51 ,head4 ,ye>1 ,dampness1 ,cold1 ,heat4 ,lett]s3 ,sev5 d\ble "o4 ,b4 ,g4 ,d4 ,k4 ,ph4 ,r4 ,t4 ,bet1 ,gimmel1 ,dalet1 ,k(1 ,fe1 ,ro%1 ,tave4 ,_w3 ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,sun1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 ,moon4 ,man3 ,wisdom1 ri*es1 dom9ion1 life1 k9dness1 po/]ity1 peace4 ,ye>3 ,! sev5 days 9 ! week4 ,! twelve s+le "o lett]s n m5tion$--,man3 ,organs ( he>+1 see+1 smell+1 speak+1 ta/+1 begett+1 deal+1 walk+1 ?9k+1 ang]1 laugh+1 sleep+4 ,_w3 ,! twelve ,zodiacs4 ,"o on ?ree & ?ree on sev5 & sev5 on twelve4 ,& ^! numb]s h _! functions 9 common "o ) ano!r4 ,= example1 '! kidneys c\nsel1' '! sple5 laughs1' '! /oma* sleeps1' '! liv] gets angry4' ,x is n to be wond]$ at t ! kidneys h p[] to give c\nsel2 we obs]ve some?+ simil> :5 ! te/icles h be5 remov$2 "o t has be5 ca/rat$ is weak] ?an a woman2 ! be>d does n gr[1 &1 :at is m significant1 ! p]son c no long] give advice1 c\nsel4 ,! sple5 laughs because ( h] natural functions1 by reason ( ! blood be+ protect$ aga9/ ! black gall & ?ick5+ & turbidity1 & f ?is cle>ness1 purity1 no?+ b brightness & joy comes4 ,! liv] is angry because ( ! bitt]ness %e =ms4 ,! /oma* sleeps by reason t x /&s 9 relation ) ! organs ( n\ri%m5t4 ,! he>t is n ?\ght (1 because x is ! k+4 ,no m d !y take 9 consid]ation ! lungs & diaphragm1 because !y are necess>ily s con/itut$ to be ( s]vice to ! he>t2 accid5tally only d !y s]ve ! re/ ( ! body1 & are orig9ally n design$ to s]ve4 ,! bra9 is "u ! s5ses1 :i* emanate f t organ1 & are !nce di/ribut$4 ,moreov]1 z to ! organs t are situat$ bel[ ! diaphragm1 !re9 lies a deep mean+4 ,^! are ! prim>y vegetations1 ! prim>y g5]atives4 ,! diaphragm sep>ates ! vegetative f ! animal life1 z ! ?roat sep>ates ! animal f ! rational 7,plato 9 8 ,timu expla9s74 ,out ( ! prim>y g5]atives1 out ( ! _w vegetative1 !re :]e ! root ( be+ exi/s1 ! se$ comes1 & !re ! embryo is fa%ion$ out ( f\r elem5ts4 ,god has select$ c]ta9 p>ts = 8 sacrifices--fat1 blood1 ! p]itoneum on ! liv]1 ! kidneys4 ,on ! contr>y1 he did n select ! he>t1 or ! bra91 or ! lungs1 or ! diaphragm4 ,?is is a deep my/]y2 ! explanation is =bidd54 ,!re=e ! prescript1 t ! ,jezisa is p]mitt$ to be /udi$ only aft] und]go+ "s prep>ation1 by few p]sons1 & only "u c]ta9 =malities1 etc4 ,maimonides1 or ,moses b5 ,maimon 7,rambam71 #aaca-abje ,a4,d41 wrote ,god ,hazak]1 ! ,/rong ,h&1 a v celebrat$ comm5t>y on ! ,talmud4 ,he held simil> views1 & is also consid]$ a v le>n$ au?ority4 ,,! ,,muscul> ,,tissues4 ,! volunt>y muscles are = ! mo/ "p plac$ 9 close relation ) ! skeleton1 be+ atta*$ to ! h>d p>ts1 & mov+ ^! 9 diff]5t directions by _! contraction4 ,! muscles are all symmetrical1 & ) ! exception ( ! sph9ct]s & "o or two o!rs are 9 pairs4 ,ea* muscle con/itutes a sep>ate organ1 compos$ *iefly ( contractile fibr\s tissue1 :i* is call$ muscul>1 & ( o!r tissues & p>ts :i* may be reg>d$ z accessory4 ,?us muscul> fib]s are connect$ toge!r 9 bundles or fasciculi1 & ^! fasciculi are aga9 emb$d$ 9 & unit$ toge!r by a quantity ( connective tissue1 =m+ ! p]imysium2 & ! :ole is usually inclos$ 9 an ext]nal %ea? ( ! same mat]ial4 ,_m ( ! muscles are connect$ at _! m or less tap]+ extremities ) t5dons by :i* !y are atta*$ to ! bones or h>d p>ts2 & ! t5d9\s b&s frequ5tly run to a consid]able l5g? ei!r on ! surface ( ! muscle or betwe5 its fib]s4 ,!re are two *ief k9ds ( muscul> tissue1 ! /rip$1 & ! pla9 or un/rip$1 & !y are di/+ui%$ by /ructural peculi>ities & mode ( action4 ,! /rip$ =m ( muscul> fib]s is sometimes call$ volunt>y muscle1 because all muscles "u ! control ( ! w are con/ruct$ ( x4 ,! pla9 or un/rip$ v>iety is (t5 t]m$ involunt>y1 because x alone is f\nd 9 ! great] numb] ( muscles ov] :i* ! w has no p[]4 ,! involunt>y or un/rip$ muscles are made up ( elongat$1 sp9dle-%ap$ fib] cells1 :i* 9 _! mo/ p]fect =m are flat1 f ab\t #a_/dejj to #a_/cejj ( an in* broad1 & ab\t #a_/fjj to #a_/cjj ( an in* 9 l5g?2 v cle>1 & granul> & brittle s t :5 !y break !y (t5 h abruptly r\nd$ or squ>e extremities4 ,! fib]s ( involunt>y muscles =m ! prop] muscul> coats ( ! dige/ive canal1 sophagus1 ur9>y bladd]1 tra*ea1 bron*i1 gall-bladd]1 blood-vessels1 lymphatics1 etc4 ,to ?is k9d ( fib]1 muscul> fib]1 ! t]m organic is (t5 appli$4 ,! sympa!tic or ganglionic portion ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 :i* consi/s ( a *a9 ( ganglia connect$ by n]v\s cords1 ext5ds f ! cranium to ! pelvis1 along ea* side ( ! v]tebral column1 & f :i* n]ves ) ganglia proce$ to ! visc]a 9 ! ?oracic1 abdom9al1 & pelvic cavities4 ,by its di/ribution1 z well z by its peculi> mode ( action1 ?is sy/em is less imm$iately connect$ ) ! m9d1 z conduct+ ei!r s5sation or ! impulses ( ! w2 x is m closely connect$ ?an ! c]ebro-sp9al sy/em is ) ! processes ( organic life4 ,! muscles ( animal life1 or /rip$ muscles1 include ! :ole class ( volunt>y muscles1 ! he>t1 & ^? muscles nei!r completely volunt>y nor completely involunt>y1 etc4 ,all ^! muscles are compos$ ( fle%y bundles call$ fasciculi1 inclos$ 9 cov]+s ( fibro-cellul> tissue1 by :i* ea* is at once connect$ )1 & isolat$ f1 ^? adjac5t to x4 ,ea* bundle is aga9 divid$ into small] ones simil>ly en%ea!d & simil>ly divisible2 & s on1 ?r\gh an unc]ta9 numb] ( gradations1 till we arrive at ! primitive fasciculi or ! muscul> fib]s peculi>ly s call$4 ,muscul> fib]s consi/ ea* ( a tube or %ea? ( delicate /ructureless membrane1 inclos+ a numb] ( filam5ts or fibrils4 ,!y are ( cyl9drical =m1 or ( prismatic ) "o or m sides1 accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are compress$ by adjac5t tissues4 ,_! av]age diamet] is ab\t #a_/ejj ( an in*1 & _! l5g? nev] exce$s an in* & a half4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! elem5t>y sub/ances 9 a muscul> fib] 7! s>cos elem5t or protoplasm inclos$ 9 ! s>colemna1 ! %ea?7 compos+ a muscul> fib] may be comp>$ to ,volta's pile or an electric batt]y4 ,9 fact1 bo? muscle & n]ve are made up ( electrical molecules1 ea* ( ! two ends ( :i* is negative--?\gh ! developm5t ( ! electrical curr5t is at pres5t v imp]fectly kn[n4 ,besides1 !re is e reason to believe t ! gr\nd sub/ance is simil> 9 nature to ord9>y protoplasm1 b )\t ! granul> "* commonly b n always exhibit$4 ,blood-vessels are l>gely di/ribut$ 9 ! sub/ance ( a muscle1 c>ry+ ! mat]ials necess>y = its n\ri%m5t & *emico-vital *anges1 & !re are also lymphatic vessels z 9 o!r vascul> p>ts ( ! body4 ,n]ves run ?r\gh e muscle1 by :i* ! muscul> contractions are call$ =?1 & a l[ degree ( muscul> s5sibility is conf]r$ ^u ! muscul> sub/ance4 ,! blood-vessels ( ! muscul> tissues are extremely abundant1 s t :5 !y are successfully fill$ ) a color$ injection ! fle%y p>ts ( ! muscle contra/ /rongly ) its t5dons4 ,! art]ies1 accompani$ by _! ve9s1 ent] ! muscle at v>i\s po9ts & divide into bran*es1 etc4 ,! n]ves ( a volunt>y muscle are ( consid]able size4 ,_! bran*es pass betwe5 ! fasciculi & repeat$ly unite ) ea* o!r 9 =m ( a plexus1 :i* is = ! mo/ "p conf9$ to a small "p ( ! l5g? ( ! muscle1 or muscul> division1 9 :i* x lies4 ,! volunt>y muscles to :i* di/9ct names h be5 giv5 9 ! sy/em am\nt to ab\t #bdj1 & !y naturally fall "u ! foll[+ f\r great divisions 7! muscles are symmetrical & ) few exceptions are 9 pairs73 ,a4 ,9 ! axial "p ( ! body3 #a4 ,muscles ( ! head & neck1 #ge #b4 ,muscles ( ! v]tebral column & trunk1 #ea ,b4 ,9 ! limbs3 #c4 ,muscles ( ! upp] extremities1 #eh #d4 ,muscles ( ! l[] extremities1 #ei ,fle% & blood h ne>ly ! same ultimate composition4 ,on evaporat+ #ajjj p>ts ( blood x yields #gij p>ts ( wat] & #baj p>ts solid residue4 ,! elem5ts t ent] into ! composition ( ! solid matt] are z foll[s3 ,fle%4 ,blood4 ,c>bon1 #ea4hf #ea4if ,hydrog51 #g4eh #g4be ,nitrog51 #ae4jc #ae4jg ,oxyg51 #ba4cj #ba4cj ,a%es1 #d4bc #d4dc ,! g5]al composition ( a human muscle is %[n by ! foll[+ table3 ,wat]1 #gdd4e ,myos9 & o!r matt]s1 ela/ic elem5ts1 etc4 #aee4d ,solids4 ,soluble elem5ts1 #ai4c ,gelat9e1 #bj4g ,extractives1 #cg4a ,fats1 #bc4jb #ee4e ,! muscles ( ! fle% =m a l>ge proportion ( ! weight ( ! :ole body4 ,calculat$ = a man ( #aej p\nds' weight3 ,! skeleton1 bone1 #bg lbs4 ,! muscles1 #fc 11 ,! visc]a1 ) sk91 fat1 blood1 etc41 #fj 11 ,! prop]ty ( muscul> tissue by :i* its peculi> functions are ex]cis$1 is its contractility--contraction or %ort5+4 ,?is is excit$ by all k9ds ( /imuli1 appli$ ei!r directly to ! muscles1 or indirectly to !m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! n]ves4 ,! muscul> tissues p]=m all ! physical "w--z locomotion1 e k9d ( action & ex]tion--( ! body4 ,! quantity ( blood circulat$ ?r\gh ! body is e/imat$ to be f ab\t #a_/aj to ab\t #a_/ac "p ( ! body's weight1 & ab\t #a_/d ( t is di/ribut$ 9 ! muscles4 ,z reg>ds ! action ( ! muscles ! foll[+ g5]al pr9ciples ought to be kept 9 view3 #a4 ,t ! =ce ex]t$ by any muscle dur+ its contraction is 9 proportion to ! numb] ( muscul> elem5ts or fib]s compos+ ! muscle4 #b4 ,t ! ext5t ( motion1 9 s f> z x m]ely dep5ds on ! %ort5+ ( ! fib]s ( ! muscle1 is 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! fib]s4 #c4 ,t ! direction ( ! =ce produc$ by a contract+ muscle is 9 ! l9e ( ! axis ( ! :ole muscle if x runs /raight betwe5 its opposite po9ts ( atta*m5t1 b 9 ! l9e ( ! portion atta*$ to ! mov+ "p ( ! muscle1 or its t5don1 if x be b5t 9 its c\rse1 etc4 ,,! ,,c]ebro-,,sp9al ,,sy/em4 ,! ,n]v\s ,tissue4 ,! n]v\s sy/em consi/s ( ! c]ebrum1 pons v>olii1 c]ebellum1 m$ulla oblongata1 ! sp9al cord ) its n]ves & ! sympa!tic ganglia1 etc4 ,! c]ebrum or bra9 prop] con/itutes ! highe/ & mu* ! l>ge/ portion ( ! encephalon4 ,! c]ebrum consi/s ( two halves1 t are connect$ ) ea* o!r by ! corpus callosum1 & ) ! p$uncul> masses ( ! cruri c]ebri1 ! processus a c]ebello ad c]ebrum2 ! s]ies ( em95ces1 or c]ebral c5t]s or ganglia1 conceal$ f view1 nam$ corpora quadrigem9a1 optic ?alamus & corpora /riata1 etc4 ,! c]ebral hemisph]es are by f> ! mo/ bulky "p ( ! c]ebrum4 ,v>i\s commissural /ructures unite ! two hemisph]es1 includ+ ! corpus callosum & =nix2 & "s small] /ructures1 viz41 ! p9eal gl&1 ! petuit>y bodies1 & ! olfactory bulb4 ,! c]ebral hemisph]es toge!r =m an ovoid mass1 9 contact ) ! vault ( ! cranium1 & ) its small] end =w>d1 its greate/ wid? be+ opposite to ! p>ietal em95ces4 ,!y are sep>at$ 9 ! great] "p ( _! ext5t by ! great longitud9al fissure4 ,! surface ( ! hemisph]e is compos$ ( gray matt]1 & is mold$ into num]\s smoo? tortu\s em95ces1 nam$ convolutions1 or gyri1 :i* are m>k$ (f f "o ano!r by deep furr[s1 call$ sulci4 ,! c]ebrum is divid$ into lobes = conv5i5ce ( /udy1 five 9 numb]1 call$ frontal1 p>ietal1 occipital1 temporal1 sph5oidal1 & c5tral4 ,! int]nal /ructure ( ! c]ebrum is compos$ ( :ite matt]4 ,x consi/s ( tubul> fib]s v>y+ 9 size 9 v>i\s p>ts1 b 9 g5]al /ill small] ?an ^? 9 ! cord1 _! av]age diamet] be+ #a_/ajjjj ( an in*4 ,! fib]s ( :ite sub/ance pres5t no division4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 bundles1 sep>at$ by a network ( delicate connective tissue1 consi/+ ( cells1 etc4 ,! cells are ( v>i\s =ms & sizes--sph]oidal1 angul>1 fusi=m1 etc4 ,! fib]s radiate f ! :ite c5t] ( ea* convolution 9 all directions into ! gray cortex1 hav+ a c\rse = ! mo/ "p p]p5dicul> to ! free surface4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! gray sub/ance !y are arrang$ 9 bundles ab\t #a_/aejj ( an in* 9 diamet]1 ?us sep>at+ "s ( ! n]ve cells1 etc4 ,! olfactory tract & bulb1 ! corpora quadrigem9a1 corpora g5icolate1 optic ?alamus1 corpora /riata1 are all m or less mix$4 ,!y possess gray matt]4 ,! n]ves imm$iately connect$ ) ! bra9 are ( sev]al k9ds4 ,& !re are twelve pairs ( !m4 ,!y are call$ c]ebral n]ves4 ,!re are f\r k9ds4 #a4 ,n]ves ( special s5se4 #b4 ,n]ves ( common s5sation4 #c4 ,n]ves ( motion4 #d4 ,mix$ n]ves ( s5sation & motion4 ,! n]ves ( special s5se may ) great propriety be t]m$ ! n]ves ( obs]vation1 p]ception--! gateways ( intellig5ce & education4 ,i4--,n]ves ( special s5se3 #a4 ,! olfactory supplies ! nose1 special s5se ( smell4 #b4 ,! optic supplies ! eye1 special s5se ( sight4 #c4 ,! auditory supplies ! e>1 special s5se ( he>+4 #d4 ,"p ( ! glosso-ph>yngeal supplies ! tongue & ph>ynx4 #e4 ,! gu/atory1 l+ual bran* ( ! fif?1 supplies ! tongue1 s5se ( ta/e4 ,,ii4--,n]ves ( common s5sation3 #a4 ,! oph?almic supplies ! eye4 #b4 ,! sup]ior maxill>y supplies ! upp] jaw & tee?4 #c4 ,! inf]ior maxill>y supplies ! l[] jaw & tee?4 ,,iii4--,n]ves ( motion3 #a4 ,! ?ird n]ve1 motor acuti4 #b4 ,! f\r? n]ve1 tro*le> or ,supply ! muscles pa!tic4 ( ! eye4 #c4 ,! fif?1 bran* ( fif?4 #d4 ,! six?1 abduc]s4 #e4 ,! facial n]ve supplies ! muscles ( ! face4 #f4 ,! hyp]glossal supplies ! muscles ( ! tongue4 ,,iv4--,mix$ n]ves3 #a4 ,! pneumoga/ric supplies lungs1 he>t1 /oma*1 l>ynx1 etc4 #b4 ,! sp9al accessory supplies "s muscles ( ! back4 ,! av]age weight ( ! bra9 9 ! adult male is ab\t #di #a_/b ounces1 a little m ?an ?ree p\nds avoirdupois2 9 ! female #dd ounces2 ! av]age diff]5ce betwe5 ! two be+ f #e to #f ounces4 ,! sp9al cord has a l5g? ( ab\t #af to #ag in*es1 & weighs ab\t #a #a_/b ounces4 ,! sp9al cord is a cont9uation ( ! m$ulla oblongata1 is lodg$ 9 ! sp9al canal1 & gives (f #ca pairs ( n]ves1 t supply all ! muscles ( ! body ) s5sitive & motor n]ves4 ,! m$ulla oblongata is pyramidal 9 =m1 hav+ its broad extremity upw>ds4 ,x is exp&$ lat]ally at its upp] "p4 ,its l5g? f ! pons v>olii to ! l[] extremity ( ! pyramid is ab\t an in* & a qu>t]2 its greate/ bread? is ne>ly an in*2 & its ?ickness f be=e backw>ds is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,! m$ulla is ! l9k betwe5 ! bra9 & ! sp9al cord4 ,! majority ( c5t]s = v>i\s organic functions are situat$ 9 x2 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! respiratory c5t]1 ) its neighbor+ convulsive c5t] 7v5\s blood excites convulsive c5t]s1 etc474 #b4 ,! vaso-motor c5t]4 #c4 ,! c>diac-inhibitory c5t]4 #d4 ,! diabetic c5t]1 or c5t] = produc+ artificial diabetes4 #e4 ,! c5t] = deglutition4 #f4 ,! c5t] = ! movem5ts ( ! sophagus1 ) its vomit+ c5t]4 #g4 ,! c5t] = reflex excitation ( ! secretion ( saliva1 ) :i* may be associat$ ! c5t] ?r\gh :i* ! vjus 7pneumoga/ric7 influ5ces ! secretions ( pancreatic juice1 & possibly ( ! o!r dige/ive juices4 #h4 ,! c5t] = ! dilation ( ! pupil by means ( ! c]vical sympa!tic4 ,f ! surface ( ! m$ulla c]ta9 ( ! cranial n]ves arise1 namely ! six? 7abduc5s71 glosso-ph>yngeal1 pneumoga/ric1 sp9al accessory1 etc4 ,! fib]s f ! sp9al cord pass upw>ds ?r\gh ! m$ulla oblongata & v>i\s o!r /ructures & f9ally rea* ! c]ebrum4 ,! c]ebellum1 or h9d] bra91 consi/s ( a body1 & ( ?ree pairs ( crura or p$uncles1 by :i* x is connect$ ) ! re/ ( ! c]ebro-sp9al axis4 ,! c]ebellum is cov]$ ) a gray cortical sub/ance1 r d>k] ?an t ( ! c]ebrum4 ,its greate/ diamet] is transv]se1 & ext5ds to ab\t ?ree & a half or f\r in*es2 its wid? f be=e backw>ds is ab\t two or two & a half in*es2 & its greate/ dep? is ab\t two in*es1 b x is mu* ?9n] r\nd its out] bord]4 ,x consi/s ( two lat]al hemisph]es jo9$ by a m$ian portion call$ ! v]mi=m process1 & o!r /ructures !re) connect$1 etc4 ,m9ute /ructure3 ,! cortical gray sub/ance is compos$ ( an ext]nal cle> gray lay]1 an inn] grayi%-r$ granule lay]1 & betwe5 ! two a s+le lay] ( l>ge cells ) long processes1 t]m$ ! corpuscles ( ,pork+e 7aft] ! man :o fir/ describ$ !m74 ,outside all is ! lay] ( fib]s & vessels ( ! pia mat]4 ,! ext]nal lay] consi/s ( a delicate matrix1 probably ( ! nature ( connective tissue1 consi/+ ( cells & fib]s1 etc4 ,! c]ebellum is probably conc]n$ 9 ! cord9ation ( movem5ts4 ,its functions seem especially connect$ ) aff]5t impulses proce$+ f ! semicircul> coats4 ,! sp9al cord is a cyl9dri=m column ( n]ve sub/ance connect$ above ) ! bra91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! m$ulla oblongata1 t]m9at+ bel[1 ab\t ! l[] bord] ( ! fir/ lumb> v]tebra1 9 a sl5d] filam5t ( gray or vesicul> sub/ance1 ! filum t]m9ale1 :i* lies 9 ! mid/ ( knots ( _m n]ves =m+ ! cod equ9a4 ,?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! cord1 runn+ 9 a longitud9al direction1 is a m9ute canal1 :i* is cont9u\s ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ! cord1 & op5s above into ! space at ! back ( ! m$ulla oblongata & pons v>olii1 call$ ! f\r? v5tricle2 ! aqu$uct ( silvius connects x ) ! ?ird v5tricle1 lat]al & fif? v5tricles1 ne> ! base ( ! bra94 ,! c]ebro-sp9al fluid circulates 9 ! int]ior ( ^! v5tricles & sp9al cord4 ,:at precise me*anical function x subs]ves is only surmis$1 n kn[n4 ,! c]ebro-sp9al axis is protect$ by ?ree membranes1 nam$ also m5+es4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,an ext]nal fibr\s membrane1 nam$ dura mat]1 :i* closely l9es ! int]ior ( ! skull1 & =ms a loose %ea? 9 ! sp9al canal2 #b4 ,an int]nal areolo-vascul> tunic1 ! pia mat]1 :i* accurately cov]s ! bra9 & sp9al cord2 &1 #c4 ,an int]m$iate membrane1 ! ara*noid1 :i* lies ov] ! pia mat]1 ! two be+ 9 "s places 9 close connection1 & 9 o!rs sep>at$ by a consid]able space4 ,! sympa!tic n]ves are di/ribut$ 9 g5]al to all ! int]nal visc]a1 & to ! coats ( ! blood-vessels4 ,"s organs1 h[ev]1 receive _! n]ves also f ! c]ebro-sp9al sy/em1 z ! lungs1 ! he>t1 & ! upp] & l[] p>ts ( ! alim5t>y canal4 ,! great gangliat$ cords consi/ ( two s]ies1 9 ea* ( :i* ! ganglia are connect$ by int]v5+ cords4 ,^! cords are plac$ symmetrically 9 front ( ! v]tebral column & ext5d f ! base ( ! skull to ! coccyx4 ,) respect to ! functions ( ! sympa!tic n]v\s sy/em1 x may be /at$ g5]ally t ! sympa!tic n]ve fib]s are simple conductors ( impressions z ^? ( ! c]ebro-sp9al sy/em are1 & t ! ganglionic c5t]s h 7ea* 9 its appropriate sph]e7 ! l p[]s ( conduct+ & ( communicat+ impressions4 ,! g5]al processes :i* ! sympa!tic appe>s to influ5ce1 are ^? ( involunt>y motion1 secretion1 & nutrition4 ,n]ve c5t]s4 ,?is t]m is appli$ to all ^? p>ts ( ! n]v\s sy/em :i* conta9 ganglion corpuscles1 or vesicul> n]ve-sub/ance--i4e41 ! bra91 sp9al cord1 & ! sev]al ganglia :i* belong to ! c]ebro-sp9al & ! sympa!tic sy/em4 ,ea* ( ^! n]v\s c5t]s has a prop] range ( functions1 ! ext5t ( :i* be>s a direct proportion to ! numb] ( n]ve fib]s t connect x ) ! v>i\s organs ( ! body1 & ) o!r n]v\s c5t]s2 b !y all h c]ta9 g5]al prop]ties & modes ( action common to !m z n]v\s c5t]s4 ,! bra9 does n issue any =ce1 except :5 itself impress$ by "s =ce f )91 or /imulat$ by an impression f )\t2 nei!r d ! o!r n]ve c5t]s )\t su* previ\s impressions produce or issue motor impulses4 ,! m c]ta9 & g5]al (fice ( all ! n]v\s c5t]s is t ( v>i\sly dispos+ & transf]r+ ! impressions t rea* !m ?r\gh ! sev]al c5tripetal fib]s4 ,9 n]ve fib]s impressions are conduct$ only 9 ! simple isolat$ c\rse ( ! fib]2 9 all ! n]v\s c5t]s an impression may n only be conduct$1 b also communicat$2 9 ! bra9 alone x may be p]ceiv$4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* ! m9d ei!r has cognizance (1 or ex]cises influ5ce on1 ! process c>ri$ on 9 any "p suppli$ ) ! sympa!tic n]ve1 !re mu/ be conduction ( impressions ?r\gh all ! n]v\s c5t]s betwe5 ! bra9 & ! "p4 ,b in/ead (1 or z well z1 be+ conduct$1 impressions made on n]v\s c5t]s may be communicat$ f ! fib]s t br\ght !m to o!rs1 & 9 ?is communication may be ei!r transf]r$1 diffus$1 or reflect$4 ,along n]ve fib]s impressions or conditions ( excitem5t are simply conduct$2 9 n]ve c5t]s !y may be made to deviate f _! c\rse1 & may be v>i\sly diffus$1 reflect$1 or o!rwise dispos$ (4 ,function ( n]ves4 ,! (fice ( n]ves z simple conveyors or conductors ( n]v\s impressions is ( a tw(old k9d3 #a4 ,!y s]ve to convey to ! n]v\s c5t]s ! impressions made ^u ! p]iph]al extremities or p>ts ( _! c\rse2 #b4 ,!y s]ve to transmit impressions f ! bra9 & o!r n]v\s c5t]s to ! p>ts to :i* !y are di/ribut$4 ,= ?is tw(old (fice ( ! n]ves two di/9ct sets ( n]ve fib]s are provid$1 9 bo? ! c]ebro-sp9al & sympa!tic sy/ems4 ,^? :i* convey impressions f ! p]iph]y to ! c5t] are class$ toge!r z c5tripetal or aff]5t n]ves1 or n]ves ( s5sation--s5sitive n]ves4 ,^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* are employ$ to transmit c5tral impulses to ! p]iph]y are class$ z c5trifugal or aff]5t n]ves or motor n]ves1 convey+ impulses to ! volunt>y & involunt>y muscles1 etc4 ,n]ves are con/ruct$ ( m9ute fib]s or tubules full ( n]v\s matt]1 arrang$ 9 p>allel or int]lac+ bundles1 :i* bundles are connect$ by int]v5+ connective tissue 9 :i* _! pr9cipal blood-vessels ramify4 ,! size ( n]ve fib]s v>ies1 & ! same fib]s d n pres]ve ! same diamet] ?r\gh _! :ole l5g?1 be+ l>ge/ 9 _! c\rse )9 _! trunk & bran*es ( n]ves1 9 :i* ! majority measure f #a_/bjjj to #a_/cjjj ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,z !y approa* ! bra9 or sp9al cord1 & g5]ally also 9 ! tissue 9 :i* !y are di/ribut$1 !y gradually become small]4 ,9 ! gray or vesicul> sub/ance ( ! bra9 or sp9al cord !y g5]ally d n measure m ?an f #a_/ajjjj to #a_/adjjj ( an in*4 ,! *emical composition ( n]v\s matt]4 ,l mo/ ( ! o!r tissues ( ! body1 ! n]v\s sub/ance conta9s a l>ge proportion ( wat] 7f ?ree-f\r?s to f\r-fif?s ( its weight74 ,( ! residue :i* rema9s aft] ! removal ( ?is by evaporation or o!r means1 ! l>g] "p consi/s ( a phosphurett$ fat1 :i* may be obta9$ cry/alliz$1 & 9 ?is condition 0 t]m$ protagon4 ,! cry/all9e sub/ance1 h[ev]1 is 9 reality a mixture ( two o!r sub/ances1 leci?9 & neur94 ,c]ebr9 is also describ$ z be+ frequ5tly met ) 9 conjunction ) leci?94 ,leci?94 ,neur94 ,c]ebr94 ,*ole/r94 ,c>bon1 #dd #e #ag #bf ,hydrog51 #ij #ae #cc #dd ,nitrog51 #a #a #a ,phosphorus1 #a ,oxyg51 #i #b #c #a ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,food ,,& ,,food-,,sub/ances4 ,!re are two k9ds ( food3 #a4 ,^? food sub/ances t are d]iv$ f ! animal k+dom2 &1 #b4 ,food sub/ances t are d]iv$ f ! vegetable k+dom4 ,food is tak5 into ! sy/em to replace ! mat]ial exp5d$ by ! human body1 or ! wa/e products :i* are ?r[n (f f ! ma/] tissues4 ,def9ition3 ,food may be def9$ to be any natural sub/ance1 vegetable or animal1 recogniz$ z su*1 t has und]gone nei!r ! process ( f]m5tation nor t ( putrefaction4 ,food may be consid]$ 9 its relation to two purposes--! nutrition ( ! tissues1 & ! production ( heat4 ,"u ! fir/ ( ^! heads w be includ$ _m o!r alli$ functions1 z = example1 secretion & g5]ation2 & "u ! second1 n ! production ( heat only z su*1 b ( all o!r =ces correlat$ ) x1 :i* are manife/$ by ! liv+ body4 ,foods d]iv$ f ! animal k+dom are call$ nitrog5\s sub/ances1 or azotiz$4 ,!y are also kn[n by ! "n ( proteids4 ,^! are ma9ly d]iv$ f meat1 milk1 eggs1 etc4 ,( sev]al we w exam9e ! *emical composition4 ,x w be well to /ate 9 g5]al t]ms t all food sub/ances conta9 9 _! composition f two-?irds to ?ree-f\r?s1 or ev5 m1 ( wat]--"s m1 "s less4 ,proteids4 ,album54 ,case9e4 ,synton94 ,glut54 ,gelat9e4 ,c>bon1 #gb ,hydrog51 #aab ,oxyg51 #bc ,nitrog51 #ah ,sulphur1 #a ,phosphorus1 ,r4 #b ,non-,nitrog5\s ,sub/ances4 ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,oxyg54 #a4 ,/>* 7amyloids71 #ah #cj #ae ,sug> cane1 #ab #bb #aa #b4 ,oils & fats compos$ ( /e>ic acid #ah #cf #b ( mutton or beef1 #c4 ,m9]al--,sal9e matt]s1 z *loride ( sodium1 phosphate ( lime4 ,animals _c subsi/ on any b organic sub/ances1 & ^! mu/ conta9 ! elem5ts :i* are naturally comb9$ ) !m--9 o!r words1 n ev5 organic comp\nds are nutritive unless !y are suppli$ 9 _! natural /ate4 ,pure fibr9e1 pure gelat9e1 & o!r pr9ciples purifi$ f ! sub/ances naturally m+l$ ) !m1 are incapable ( support+ life = m ?an a brief "t4 ,moreov]1 heal? _c be ma9ta9$ by any numb] ( sub/ances d]iv$ exclusively f "o only ( ! two *ief gr\ps ( elem5t>y pr9ciples m5tion$ above4 ,a mixture ( nitrog5\s & non-nitrog5\s organic sub/ances1 toge!r ) ! inorganic pr9ciples :i* are sev]ally conta9$ 9 !m1 is ess5tial to ! well-be+1 & g5]ally ev5 to ! exi/5ce1 ( an animal4 ,! tru? ( ?is is demon/rat$ by exp]im5ts p]=m$ = ! purpose2 & is also well illu/rat$ by ! composition ( ! food prep>$ by nature z ! exclusive s\rce ( n\ri%m5t to ! "y mammals1 namely milk4 ,! composition ( milk is3 ,human4 ,c['s4 ,wat]1 #hij #heh ,solids1 #aaj #adb ---- ---- #ajjj #ajjj ,case9e1 #ce #fh ,butt]1 #be #ch ,sug> 7) extracts71 #dh #cj ,salts1 #b #f --- --- #aaj #adb ,c>b4 ,hyd4 ,nit4 ,oxy4 ,sulph4 ,r 7unkn[n74 ,case9e1 #gb #aab #ah #bc #a #b ,9 milk1 x w be se5 f ! prec$+ table1 ! album9\s gr\p ( alim5ts is repres5t$ by ! case9e1 ! oleag9\s by ! butt]1 ! aque\s by ! wat]1 ! sac*>9e by ! sug> ( milk4 ,let u comp>e ! composition ( ^! f\r organic sub/ances & wat]3 ,oxy4 ,hyd4 ,c>b4 ,nitr4 ,sulph4 ,r 7unkn[n elem5t74 ,wat]1 #a #b ,sug>1 ,,oh#b #aa #bb #ab ,case9e1 #bc #aab #gb #ah #a #b ,ole91 #f #ch #ba ,among ! salts ( milk are phosphate ( lime1 alkal9e & o!r salts1 & a trace ( iron2 s t x may be briefly said to include all ! sub/ances :i* ! tissues ( a gr[+ animal ne$ = _! nutrition & :i* are requir$ = ! production ( animal heat4 ,! yolk & album5 ( eggs /& 9 ! same relation z food = ! embryos ( ovip>\s animals1 t milk does to ! "y mammalia2 & af=ds ano!r example ( mix$ food be+ provid$ z ! mo/ p]fect nutrition4 ,! composition ( f[l's egg is3 ,:ite4 ,yolk4 ,wat]1 #hj4j #ec4gc ,album51 #ae4e #ag4dg ,mucus1 #d4e yell[ oil #bh4ge ,salts1 #d4j #f4j ,! food sub/ances4 #a4 ,amyloids1 />* & sug>s4 ,/>* is d]iv$ f gra9 & vegetables1 z :eat1 b>ley1 rye1 oats1 corn1 rice1 sago1 tapioca1 beans1 peas1 etc4 ,! vegetables conta9 f #ge to #ij p] c5t ( wat]4 ,/>* & sug>s are d]iv$ f su* z potatoes1 turnips1 c>rots1 beets1 etc41 etc4 ,! fruits are l>gely compos$ ( wat]1 sug>s1 & acids4 ,all ^! classes ( food conta9 only ?ree elem5ts4--,/>*3 ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,oxyg54 #ah #cj #ae ,9 _! composition we h fifte5 molecules ( wat] pres5t$ c>ry+ eighte5 atoms ( c>bon4 ,sug>3 ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,oxyg54 #ab #bb #aa ,9 ?is case aga9 we h elev5 molecules ( wat] c>ry+ twelve atoms ( c>bon4 ,?is is ! *emical composition ( />* & sug> food4 #b4 ,fats are also compos$ ( ?ree elem5ts only--c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,take ! fat ( mutton or pork3 ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,oxyg54 #ba #dj #a ,all o!r animal oils & fats are compos$ ( ^! ?ree elem5ts only4 #c4 ,album9\s sub/ances--meats1 beef1 mutton1 veal1 pork1 birds1 & fi%1 ( all descriptions4 #d4 ,besides ^!1 m9]al salts1 already m5tion$4 #e4 ,& la/ly1 wat]--( :i* by f> ! greate/ quantity is consum$4 ,! quantity ( food ought to be 9 am\nt suffici5t to replace ! wa/e products ( ! body4 ,an am\nt %\ld be tak5 into ! sy/em equal 9 k9d & quantity to ! mat]ial exp5d$4 ,s9ce we "k ! am\nt ( c>bon1 hydrog51 nitrog51 oxyg51 & ! salts t are excret$ by ! kidneys1 sk91 & lungs1 we may easily calculate ! am\nt ( v>i\s k9ds ( food ne$$ to replace !m4 ,! outcome be+ kn[n1 ! income c be regulat$ accord+ly4 ,! exp5diture or wa/e1 we h se51 9 daily loss am\nts 9 c>bon to ab\t #d1ejj gra9s1 & 9 nitrog5 to #cjj gra9s2 besides a c]ta9 quantity ( wat]1 etc4 ,we !re=e require />*y sub/ances1 meat & fat1 wat]1 etc41 to replace ! quantity lo/4 ,bread1 = example1 conta9s #cj p] c5t ( c>bon & #a p] c5t ( nitrog54 ,if bread alone1 !re=e1 7 tak5 z food1 a man w\ld require 9 ord] to obta9 ! requisite nitrog5 #cj1jjj gra9s1 conta9+ ( c>bon1 #i1jjj gra9s2 ( nitrog51 #cjj gra9s--an excess ( c>bon above ! am\nt requir$ ( #d1ejj gra9s4 ,b a comb9ation ( bread & meat w\ld supply mu* m economically :at 0 necess>y3 ,c>bon4 ,nitrog54 #ae1jjj gra9s ( bread 7r m ?an #b p\nds7 conta9s #d1ejj grs4 #aej grs4 #e1jjj gra9s ( meat 7ab\t #c_/d p\nds7 conta9s #ejj #aej ----- --- #e1jjj #cjj ,s t #c_/d p\nds meat & #b p\nds ( bread1 or its equival5t1 w\ld supply ! ne$ful c>bon & nitrog5 ) b little wa/e4 ,f all ^! facts x w be pla9 t a mix$ diet is ! be/ & mo/ economical = man2 & ! result ( exp]i5ce entirely co9cides ) :at might h be5 anticipat$ on !oretical gr\nds only4 ,! quality & quantity ( foods to be tak5 dep5ds l>gely ^u _! dige/ibility4 ,! quantity ( food necess>y = a heal?y man tak+ free ex]cise 9 ! op5 air is z foll[s3 ,meat #af ounces or #a p\nd avoir4 ,bread & all o!r #ai 11 11 #a4ai 11 11 c>bohydrates1 ,fat1 butt]1 #c #a_/b 11 11 #j4bb 11 11 ,wat] #eb 11 11 #c4ch 11 11 ,! quantity & quality ( food tak5 into ! sy/em e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 %\ld dep5d ^u ! am\nt & k9d ( labor done1 :e!r muscul> or n]v\s1 :e!r sitt+ or n1 inactive or active1 :e!r indoors or out ( doors2 ^u ! k9d ( atmosph]e we brea!2 ^u season & climate1 etc42 also ^u ! opportunities we h ( ?r[+ (f ! surplus c>bon & nitrog5 t ! sy/em has be5 ov]cr[d$ )4 ,^! conditions det]m9e ! prop] v>iations ( ! income1 s9ce t has to be regulat$ & correct$ by ! outcome1 & am\nts aft] all to j s mu* c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 sulphur1 phosphorus1 sal9e matt]1 & wat] z are conta9$ 9 ! proteids1 fats1 c>bohydrates1 salts1 & wat]4 ,x matt]s little h[ food is prep>$4 ,! ma9 feature is t ! supply is equal to ! loss1 ( good & :olesome quality4 ,:e!r ! food is manipulat$ by an arti/ic #aj1jjj cook or by a pla91 clean h\sewife1 ! result is ! same4 ,:e!r ! special s5se ( ta/e1 ! gu/atory n]ve1 has or has n und]gone a high c\rse ( tra9+ & education1 ! fact rema9s t all t c be suppli$ is ! necess>y mat]ial t has be5 exp5d$ by ! "w & labor done by ! muscul> & n]v\s tissues4 ,! subjo9$ results1 select$ f ,b\ss+ault1 exhibit 9 a tabul> =m ! relative quantity ( organic & inorganic con/itu5ts 9 sev]al k9ds ( h]bage comp>$ 9 sev]al cases ) ! root or gra94 ,! wat] 0 previ\sly driv5 (f by ?or\gh dry+3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,leaves ( ,root ( ,mangel- ,mangel- ,potato ,pea ,clov] ,:eat ,wurzel4 ,wurzel4 ,tops4 ,potatoes4 ,/raw4 ,peas4 ,hay4 ,/raw4 ,:eat4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,c>bon #ch4aj #db4ge #dd4hj #dc4gb #de4hj #df4jf #dg4ec #dh4dh #df4aj ,hydrog5 #e4aj #e4gg #e4aj #f4jj #e4jj #f4ji #d4fi #e4da #e4hj ,oxyg5 #cj4hj #dc4eh #cj4ej #dd4hh #ce4eg #dj4ec #cg4if #ch4gi #dc4dj ,nitrog5 #d4ej #a4ff #b4cj #a4ej #b4ca #d4ah #b4jf #j4ce #b4bg ,a%es #ba4ej #f4bd #c4ij #c4ij #aa4cb #c4ad #g4gf #f4ig #b4dc ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,subjo9$ is a table f ! same "w ( ! p]c5tage ( m9]al sub/ances tak5 up f ! soil by v>i\s plants3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,sub/ances ,acids ,oxide ( ,:i* -------------------------------- ,iron1 ,*>coal1 ,yield ,ammonia moi/ure1 ,a%es4 ,c>bonic4 ,sulphuric4 ,phosphoric4 ,*lor9e4 ,lime4 ,magnesia4 ,pota%4 ,soda4 ,silica4 etc4 & loss4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,potatoes #ac4d #g4a #aa4c #b4g #a4h #e4d #ea4e traces #e4f #j4e #j4g ,mangel- ,wurzel #af4a #a4f #f4a #e4b #g4j #d4d #ci4j #f4j #h4j #b4e #d4b ,turnips #ad4j #aj4i #f4j #b4i #aj4i #d4c #ci4g #d4a #f4d #a4b #e4e ,potato ,tops #aa4j #b4b #aj4h #a4f #b4c #a4h #dd4e traces #ac4j #e4b #g4f ,:eat #j4j #a4j #dg4j traces #b4i #ae4i #bi4e traces #a4c #j4j #b4d ,:eat ,/raw #j4j #a4j #c4a #j4e #h4e #e4j #i4b #j4c #fg4f #a4j #c4g ,oats #a4g #a4j #ad4i #j4e #c4g #g4g #ab4i #j4j #ec4c #a4c #c4j ,oat ,/raw #c4b #d4a #c4j #d4g #h4c #b4h #bd4e #d4d #dj4j #b4a #b4i ,clov] #be4j #b4e #f4c #b4f #bd4f #f4c #bf4f #j4e #e4c #j4c #j4j ,pease #j4e #f4g #cj4a #a4a #aj4a #aa4i #ce4c #b4e #a4e traces #b4c ,fr5* ,beans #c4c #a4c #bf4h #j4a #e4h #aa4e #di4a #j4j #a4j traces #a4a ,horse ,beans #a4j #a4f #cd4b #j4g #e4a #h4f #de4b #j4j #j4e traces #c4a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,! ,,elim9ation ,,( ,,wa/e ,,sub/ances4 ,! exp5ditures ( ! human body1 or ! wa/e products :i* arise f ! activity ( ! ma/] tissues1 are ?r[n (f by ! excretory tissues1 z ! lungs1 ! sk91 ! kidneys1 & ! t]m9al "p ( ! inte/9es4 ,! lungs are holl[ organs1 & we may consid] !m z really two bags conta9+ air1 ea* ( :i* communicates by a sep>ate orifice ) a common air tube1 ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( :i*1 ! l>ynx1 !y freely communicate ) ! ext]nal atmosph]e4 ,! orifice ( ! l>ynx is gu>d$ by muscles1 & c be op5$ or clos$ at w4 ,ea* lung is p>tially subdivid$ into sep>ate portions call$ lobes4 ,! "r lung has ?ree lobes1 & ! left lung has two4 ,ea* ( ^! lobes1 aga91 is compos$ ( a l>ge numb] ( m9ute p>ts1 call$ lobules4 ,ea* pulmon>y lobule may be consid]$ a lung 9 m9iature1 consi/+ z x does ( a bran* ( a bron*ial tube1 air-cells1 blood-vessels1 n]ves1 & lymphatics1 ) a sp>+ am\nt ( areol> tissue4 ,! t]m9al portion ( ea* lobule is compos$ ( a gr\p ( p\*es or air-cells1 :i* communicate ) ! int]cellul> air passages4 ,^! cells are ( v>i\s =ms1 accord+ to ! mutual pressure to :i* !y are subject4 ,_! cell walls are ne>ly 9 contact1 & !y v>y f #a_/ej to #a_/ij ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,outside ! cells a network ( pulmon>y capill>ies is spread out s d5sely t ! int]spaces or me%es are ev5 n>r[] ?an ! vessels1 :i* are on an av]age #a_/cjjj ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,betwe5 ! atmosph]ic air 9 ! cells & ! blood 9 ! vessels no?+ int]v5es b ! ?9 membrane ( ! cells & ! capill>ies1 & ! delicate epi!lium l9+ ! =m]4 ,& ! exposure ( ! blood to ! air is ! m complete because ! folds ( membrane betwe5 contigu\s cells1 & (t5 ! spaces betwe5 ! walls ( ! same1 conta9 only a s+le lay] ( capill>ies1 bo? sides ( :i* are ?us at once expos$ to ! air4 ,! enl>gem5t ( ! capacity ( ! *e/ 9 inspiration is a muscul> act2 ! muscles conc]n$ 9 produc+ ! effect be+ *iefly ! diaphragm1 ! ext]nal int]co/al muscles1 etc4 ,f ! enl>gem5t produc$ 9 inspiration1 ! *e/ & lungs return 9 ord9>y tranquil expiration by _! ela/icity2 ! =ce employ$ by ! inspiratory muscles 9 di/5d+ ! *e/ & ov]com+ ! ela/ic resi/ance ( ! lungs & *e/ wall be+ return$ z an expiratory ef=t :5 ! muscles are relax$4 ,! acts ( expansion & ( contraction ( ! *e/ take up1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 a ne>ly equal "t1 & c sc>cely be said to be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by an int]v5+ pause4 ,! quantity ( air t is *ang$ 9 ! lungs 9 ea* act ( ord9>y tranquil brea?+ is v>iable1 b probably #cj to #ce cubic in*es are a fair av]age 9 ! case ( heal?y "y & middle-ag$ m54 ,! total quantity ( air :i* passes into & out ( ! lungs ( an adult1 at re/1 9 #bd h\rs1 has be5 e/imat$ to be ab\t #fhf1jjj cubic in*es4 ,?is quantity is l>gely increas$ by ex]tion2 & x has be5 comput$ t ! av]age am\nt = a h>d-work+ labor] 9 ! same "t is #a1efh1cij4 ,brea?+ air is ! quantity ( air :i* is habitually & almo/ uni=mly *ang$ 9 ea* act ( brea?+4 ,complem5tal air is ! quantity ( air ov] & above ?is :i* a man c draw into ! lungs 9 ! deepe/ inspiration4 ,aft] ord9>y expiration1 su* z t :i* expels ! brea?+ air1 a c]ta9 quantity ( air rema9s 9 ! lungs :i* may be expell$ by a =cible & deep] expiration2 ?is is t]m$ res]ve air4 ,b ev5 aft] ! mo/ viol5t expiratory ef=t1 ! lungs are n completely empti$2 a c]ta9 quantity ( air rema9s 9 !m1 ov] :i* !re is no volunt>y control1 :i* may be call$ residual air4 ,its am\nt dep5ds1 9 great measure1 on ! absolute size ( ! *e/1 & has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$ at f #dj to #bjj cubic in*es4 ,p[] ( ,inspiratory ,p[] ( ,expiratory ,muscles4 ,muscles4 #a4e in*es4 weak #b4j in*es4 #b4j 11 ord9>y #b4e 11 #b4e 11 /rong #c4e 11 #c4e 11 v /rong #d4e 11 #d4e 11 rem>kable #e4h 11 #e4e 11 v rem>kable #g4j 11 #f4j 11 extraord9>y #h4e 11 #g4j 11 v extraord9>y #aj4j 11 ,! blood z x moves ?r\gh ! respiratory organs is expos$ to ! air t alt]nately moves into & out ( ! air-cells & m9ute bron*ial tubes4 ,! blood is propell$ f ! "r v5tricle ?r\gh ! pulmon>y capill>ies 9 /eady /reams1 & sl[ly en\gh to p]mit e m9ute portion ( x to be = a few seconds expos$ to ! air1 ) only ! ?9 walls ( ! capill>y vessels & air-cells int]v5+4 ,! atmosph]e we brea! has 9 e situation 9 :i* x has be5 exam9$ 9 its natural /ate a ne>ly uni=m composition4 ,x is a mixture ( oxyg5 & nitrog51 c>bonic acid1 & wat]y vapor1 ) traces ( o!r gases1 z ammonia1 sulphuretta1 hydrog51 etc4 ,( e #ajj volumes ( pure atmosph]ic air1 #gi volumes consi/ ( nitrog5 & #ba ( oxyg51 ab\t4 ,! proportion ( c>bonic acid is extremely small3 #aj1jjj volumes ( atmosph]ic air conta9s only ab\t #d or #e ( c>bonic acid4 ,! av]age quantity ( wat]y vapor 9 ! atmosph]e 9 ?is c\ntry is ab\t #a4dj p] c5t4 ,! *anges produc$ by respiration on ! atmosph]e are t3 #a4 ,x is w>m$2 #b4 ,its c>bonic acid is increas$2 #c4 ,its oxyg5 is dim9i%$2 #d4 ,its wat]y vapor is increas$2 #e4 ,a m9ute am\nt ( organic matt] & ( free ammonia is add$ to x4 #a4 ,! expir$ air is hott] ?an ! inspir$ air4 ,! temp]ature v>ies f #ig to #ii #a_/b4 #b4 ,c>bonic acid 9 respir$ air is always increas$2 b ! quantity exhal$ 9 a giv5 "t is subject to *ange f v>i\s circum/ances4 ,f e volume ( air inspir$ ab\t #d #a_/b p] c5t ( oxyg5 is ab/ract$2 :ile r a small] quantity ( c>bonic acid is add$ 9 its place4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances1 ! quantity ( c>bonic acid exhal$ into ! air brea!d by a heal?y adult man am\nts to #a1cdf in*es1 or ab\t #fcf gra9s1 p] h\r4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! weight ( c>bon excret$ f ! lungs is ab\t #agc gra9s p] h\r1 or r m ?an #h ounces 9 #bd h\rs4 ,( c\rse ! influ5ce ( age1 sex1 respiratory movem5ts1 ext]nal temp]ature1 season ( ! ye>1 purity ( ! respir$ air1 hygrometric /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 p]iod ( day1 food & dr9k1 ex]cise & sleep1 h to be tak5 9 consid]ation4 ,! oxyg5 ( respir$ air is always less ?an 9 ! same air be=e respiration1 & its dim9ution is g5]ally proportionate to ! increase ( ! c>bonic acid4 ,x has be5 %[n t = e volume ( c>bonic acid exhal$ into ! air #a4agdba volumes ( oxyg5 are absorb$ f x2 & t :5 ! av]age quantity ( c>bonic acid1 i4e41 #a1cdf cubic in*es1 or #fcf gra9s1 is exhal$ 9 ! h\r1 ! quantity ( oxyg5 absorb$ 9 ! same "t is #a1ehd cubic in*es1 or #edb gra9s4 ,! nitrog5 9 ! atmosph]e1 9 relation to ! respiratory process is suppos$ to s]ve only me*anically1 by dilut+ ! oxyg51 & mod]at+ ! action ^u ! sy/em4 ,! mo/ obvi\s *ange :i* ! blood und]goes 9 its passage ?r\gh ! lungs is t ( color1 ! d>k v5\s blood be+ ex*ang$ = ! bright sc>let art]ial blood4 ,x ga9s oxyg51 loses c>bonic acid1 becomes #a to #b ,f4 w>m]2 x coagulates soon] & m firmly1 & conta9s m fibr9e4 ,! v5\s blood z x issues f ! "r v5tricle is load$ ) c>bonic acid4 ,! oxyg5 pres5t is insuffici5t to ! :ole ( ! hmoglob9 ( ! r$ corpuscles2 mu* r$uc$ hmoglob9 is pres5t1 h5ce ! purple color ( v5\s blood4 ,z ! blood-vessels pass ?r\gh ! capill>ies ( ! lungs1 ?is r$uc$ hmoglob9 takes f ! pulmon>y air its complem5t ( oxyg51 all or ne>ly all ! hmoglob9 ( ! r$ corpuscles becomes oxy-hmoglob91 & ! purple color =?) %ifts into sc>let4 ,! hmoglob9 ( art]ial blood is saturat$ or ne>ly saturat$ ) oxyg54 ,pass+ f ! left v5tricle to ! capill>ies1 "s ( ! oxy-hmoglob9 gives up its oxyg5 to ! tissues1 becomes r$uc$ hmoglob91 & ! blood 9 consequ5ce becomes once m v5\s1 ) a purple hue4 ,?us ! r$ corpuscles by virtue ( _! hmoglob9 are emphatically oxyg5-c>ri]s4 ,und]go+ no intr9sic *ange 9 itself1 ! hmoglob9 comb9es 9 ! lungs ) oxyg51 :i* x c>ries to ! tissues2 ^!1 m gre$y ( ! oxyg5 ?an itself1 rob x ( its *>ge1 & ! r$uc$ hmoglob9 hurries back to ! lung 9 v5\s blood = ano!r portion4 ,hmoglob9 comb9es loosely ) c>bonic oxide j z x does ) oxyg51 b ! aff9ity ) ! =m] is great] ?an ) ! latt]4 ,:ile c>bonic oxide readily turns out oxyg51 oxyg5 _c s readily turn out c>bonic acid4 ,?is prop]ty ( c>bonic oxide expla9s its poison\s nature4 ,respiratory *anges 9 ! tissues4 ,art]ial blood pass+ ?r\gh ! sev]al tissues1 becomes once m v5\s4 ,a consid]able quantity ( ! oxy-hmoglob9 becomes r$uc$1 & a quantity ( c>bonic acid passes f ! tissue into ! blood4 ,! blood :i* comes f a contract+ muscle1 is n only ri*] 9 c>bonic acid1 b also1 ?\gh n to a correspond+ am\nt1 poor] 9 oxyg51 ?an ! blood :i* fl[s f a muscle at re/4 ,a muscle is always produc+ c>bonic acid1 & :5 x contracts !re is a sudd5 & ext5sive increase ( ! normal production4 ,oxyg5 is necess>y = ! life ( ! muscle4 ,:5 v5\s blood in/ead ( art]ial blood is s5t ?r\gh ! blood-vessel ( a muscle1 ! irritability spe$ily disappe>s1 & unless fre% oxyg5 be adm9i/]$ ! muscle soon dies4 ,our k ( ! respiratory *anges 9 muscle is m complete ?an 9 ! case ( any o!r tissue2 b we h no reason to suppose ! ph5om5a ( muscle are exceptional4 ,on ! contr>y1 all ! available evid5ce goes to %[ t 9 all ! tissues ! oxidation takes place 9 ! tissues & n 9 ! adjo9+ blood4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t lymph1 s]\s fluid1 bile1 ur9e1 & ! o!r secretions conta9 no free or loosely comb9$ oxyg51 :ile ! t5sion ( c>bonic acid 9 p]itoneal fluid is z high z six p] c5t1 & 9 bile & ur9e is /ill high]1 etc4 ,all ^! facts po9t to ! conclusion1 t x is ! tissues1 & n ! blood1 :i* become prim>ily load$ ) c>bonic acid1 ! latt] simply receiv+ ! gas f ! =m] by diffusion2 & t ! oxyg5 :i* passes f ! blood into ! tissues is at once tak5 up 9 ! same comb9ations1 s t x is no long] removable by dim9i%$ t5sion4 ,! production ( c>bonic acid 9 ! muscle is n directly dep5d5t on ! consumption ( oxyg54 ,! muscles produce c>bonic acid 9 an atmosph]e ( hydrog54 ,:at is true ( muscle is true also ( o!r tissues & ( ! body at l>ge4 ,oxyg5 helps to w9d up ! vital clock2 b once w\nd up1 ! clock w g on = a p]iod )\t fur!r w9d+ 7,pflg]74 ,to sum up1 !n1 ! result ( respiration 9 its *emical aspect4 ,z ! blood passes ?r\gh ! lungs1 ! l[ oxyg5 t5sion ( ! v5\s blood p]mits ! entrance ( oxyg5 f ! air ( ! pulmon>y alveolus1 ?r\gh ! ?9 alveol> wall1 ?r\gh ! ?9 capill>y %ea?1 ?r\gh ! ?9 lay] ( blood plasma1 to ! r$ corpuscles1 & ! r$uc$ hmoglob9 ( ! v5\s blood becomes :olly1 or all b :olly1 oxy-hmoglob94 ,hurri$ to ! tissues1 ! oxyg51 at a comp>atively high t5sion 9 ! art]ial blood1 passes l>gely into ! tissues1 9 :i* ! oxyg5 t5sion is always kept at an exce$+ly l[ pit*1 by ! fact t ! tissues1 9 "s way at pres5t unkn[n to u1 pack away1 at e mom5t1 into "s /able comb9ation ea* molecule ( oxyg5 :i* !y receive f ! blood4 ,) mu*1 b n all1 ( its oxy-hmoglob9 r$uc$1 ! blood passes on z v5\s blood4 ,h[ mu* hmoglob9 is r$uc$ w dep5d on ! activity ( ! tissue itself4 ,! quantity ( hmoglob9 9 ! blood is ! measure ( limit ( ! oxidiz+ p[] ( ! body at l>ge2 b )9 t limit ! am\nt ( oxidation is det]m9$ by ! tissue1 & by ! tissue alone4 ,! sk9 is an excretory tissue1 & consi/s pr9cipally ( two lay]s1 an ext]nal cov]+ ( epi!lium1 t]m$ ! cuticle or epid]mis1 & a lay] ( vascul> tissue1 nam$ ! corium d]ma or cutis v]a4 ,! integum5t s]ves 7#a7 = ! protection ( deep] tissues1 7#b7 z a s5sitive organ 9 ! ex]cise ( t\*1 7#c7 z an excretory organ1 7#d7 z an absorb+ organ1 7#e7 = regulat+ ! temp]ature ( ! body4 ,)9 & b5ea? ! corium are imb$d$ sev]al organs ) special functions1 namely1 sudorif]\s or sweat gl&s1 sebace\s or fat gl&s1 & hair follicles2 & on its surface are s5sitive papill4 ,! s-call$ app5dages ( ! sk91 ! hair & nails1 are modifications ( ! epid]mis4 ,sudorif]\s gl&s3 ,9 ! middle ( ea* ( ! transv]se furr[s betwe5 ! papill1 & irregul>ly scatt]$ betwe5 ! bases ( ! papill 9 ^? p>ts ( ! surface ( ! body 9 :i* !re are no furr[s betwe5 !m1 are ! orifices or ducts ( ! sudorif]\s1 or sweat gl&s1 by :i* x is probable t a l>ge portion ( ! aque\s & gase\s mat]ials excret$ by ! sk9 are sep>at$4 ,ea* ( ^! gl&s consi/s ( a small lobul> mass1 :i* appe>s =m$ ( a coil ( tubul> gl&-duct surr\nd$ by blood-vessels & imb$d$ 9 ! subcutane\s adipose tissue4 ,f ?is mass ! duct asc5ds1 = a %ort di/ance1 9 a spiral mann] ?r\gh ! deep] p>ts ( ! cutis1 !n pass+ /raight1 & !n sometimes aga9 becom+ spiral1 x runs ?r\gh ! cuticle & op5s by an oblique1 valve-l app>atus4 ,! sudorif]\s gl&s are abundantly di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! body2 b are especially num]\s1 z well z v l>ge1 9 ! sk9 ( ! palm ( ! h&4 ,!y are e/imat$ f #b1gch to #c1ebh 9 ea* sup]ficial squ>e in*4 ,!y are almo/ equally abundant & l>ge 9 ! sk9 ( ! sole4 ,! gl&s by :i* ! peculi> odor\s matt] ( ! axilla is secret$ =m a ne>ly complete lay] "u ! cutis1 & are l ! ord9>y sudorif]\s gl&s1 except 9 be+ l>g] & hav+ v %ort ducts4 ,9 ! neck & back1 :]e !y are lea/ num]\s1 ! gl&s am\nt to #dag on ! squ>e in*4 ,! total numb] is e/imat$1 at #b1cha1bdh2 & suppos+ ! orifice ( ea* gl& to pres5t a surface ( #a_/ed ( a l9e 9 diamet] 7& reg>d+ a l9e z equal to #a_/aj ( an in*7 ! :ole ( ! gl&s w\ld pres5t an evaporat+ surface ( ab\t eight squ>e in*es4 ,sebace\s gl&s secrete a peculi> fatty matt]4 ,l ! sudorif]\s gl&s1 !y are abundantly di/ribut$ ov] mo/ p>ts ( ! body4 ,! quantity ( matt] :i* leaves ! human body by way ( ! sk9 is v consid]able4 ,x is e/imat$ t :ile #g gra9s pass ?r\gh ! lungs p] m9ute1 z mu* z #aa escape ?r\gh ! sk94 ,! am\nt v>ies extremely4 ,x is calculat$ t ! total am\nt ( p]spiration excret$ f ! :ole body 9 #bd h\rs might range f #b to #bj kilos4 ,! total am\nt ( p]spiration is affect$ n only by ! condition ( ! atmosph]e1 b also by ! nature & quantity ( food tak51 ! am\nt ( fluid drunk1 & ! am\nt ( ex]cise tak54 ,x is also influ5c$ by ! m5tal condition1 by m$ic9es & poisons1 by disease1 & by ! relative activity ( ! o!r excret+ organs1 m p>ticul>ly ! kidneys4 ,! fluid p]spiration or sweat1 :5 collect$1 is f\nd to be a cle> colorless fluid1 ) a /rong & di/9ctive odor v>y+ accord+ to ! "p ( ! body f :i* x is tak54 ,besides accid5tal epid]mic scales1 x conta9s no /ructural elem5ts4 ,its reaction is g5]ally acid1 b 9 cases ( excessive secretion may become alkal9e4 ,! av]age am\nt ( solids is ab\t #a4ha p] c5t1 ( :i* ab\t two-?irds consi/s ( organic sub/ances4 ,! *ief normal con/itu5ts are 7#a7 sodium *loride 7common salt71 ) small quantities ( o!r inorganic salts2 7#b7 v>i\s acids ( ! fatty s]ies1 su* z f]mic1 acetic1 butyric acid1 ) probably o!r acids--,,*#b,o#b-;,c#b;,h#d,o#b--;,c#d;, h#h,o#b2 7#c7 neutral fats & *ole/r9e2 7#d7 ammonia 7,,nh#c7 7urea71 & possibly o!r nitrog5\s sub/ances4 ,! av]age loss by cutane\s & pulmon>y exhalation 9 a m9ute is f #ag to #ah gra9s2 ! m9imum1 #aa gra9s2 ! maximum1 #cb gra9s2 ( ! av]age #ah gra9s #aa pass by ! sk9 & #g by ! lungs4 ,! maximum loss by exhalation1 cutane\s & pulmon>y1 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is ab\t #c #c_/d p\nds2 ! m9imum1 ab\t #a #a_/b p\nds4 ,val5t9e f\nd ! :ole quantity lo/ by exhalation f ! respiratory & cutane\s surfaces ( a heal?y man :o consum$ daily #dj1jjj gra9s ( food & dr9k to be #ai1jjj gra9s1 or #b #a_/b p\nds4 ,subtract+ f ?is1 = ! pulmon>y exhalation1 #e1jjj gra9s1 & = ! excess ( ! weight ( ! exhal$ c>bonic acid ov] t ( ! equal volume ( ! inspir$ oxyg51 #b1bef gra9s1 ! rema9d]1 #aa1gdd gra9s1 or ne>ly #a #e_/g p\nds1 may repres5t an av]age am\nt ( cutane\s exhalation 9 a day4 ,! ,kidneys1 two 9 numb]1 are excretory organs4 ,!y are deeply seat$ 9 ! lumb> region1 "o on ea* side ( ! v]tebral column1 at ! back ( ! abdom9al cavity1 & beh9d ! p]itoneum4 ,! kidneys measure ab\t #d in*es 9 l5g?1 #b #a_/b in*es 9 bread?1 & #a #a_/b in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,! left is usually long] & n>r[] ?an ! "r "o4 ,! weight ( ! kidney is usually /at$ to be ab\t #d #a_/b ounces 9 ! male & some:at less 9 ! female4 ,! excretory app>atus consi/s ( f9e tubules 7! tubuli ur9ef]i71 malpighian bodies1 blood-vessels1 n]ves1 & lymphatics1 etc4 ,! kidneys are highly vascul>1 & receive _! blood f ! r5al art]ies1 :i* are v l>ge 9 proportion to ! organ !y supply4 ,ea* art]y breaks up into f\r or five bran*es1 ^! aga9 subdivide & break up into capill>ies 9 ! sub/ance ( ! kidney4 ,! ve9s arise by num]\s v5\s radicals f ! capill>y network ( ! kidney1 z se5 ne> ! surface ( ! gl&1 & collect ! blood f ! capill>y plexus ar\nd ! convolut$ tubules :i* ma9ly compose ?is "p1 ! small] ve9s jo9+ toge!r & ultimately =m+ a s+le ve9 & end+ 9 ! inf]ior v5a cava4 ,! kidneys are s arrang$ by _! anatomical /ructure--t ( ! cortical & m$ull>y sub/ance1 ! tubuli ur9ef]i1 pyramids1 malpighian bodies1 etc4--t !y sep>ate f ! blood ! solids 9 a /ate ( solution4 ,! secretion takes place by ! ag5cy ( ! gl& cells1 & equally 9 all ! p>ts ( ! ur9e tubes4 ,! protoplasmic cells :i* l9e at lea/ a l>ge portion ( ! tubuli ur9ef]i elaborate f ! blood c]ta9 sub/ances1 & dis*>ge !m into ! *annels ( ! tubules4 ,all p>ts ( ! tubul> sy/em ( ! kidney take "p 9 ! secretion ( ur9e z a :ole1 b !re is ano!r provision ( vessels = a m simple dra9+ (f ( ! wat] f ! blood :5 requir$4 ,! l>ge size ( ! r5al art]ies & ve9s p]mits s rapid a transit ( ! blood ?r\gh ! kidneys t ! :ole ( ! blood is purifi$ by !m4 ,! secretion ( ur9e is rapid 9 comp>ison ) o!r secretions1 & z ea* portion is secret$1 x propels t :i* is already 9 ! tubes onw>ds into ! pelvis ( ! kidney4 ,!nce1 ?r\gh ! uret]1 ! ur9e passes into ! bladd]1 into :i* its rate & mode ( entrance has be5 wat*$4 ,! ur9e does n ent] ! bladd] at any regul> rate1 nor is !re a syn*ronism 9 its movem5t ?r\gh ! two uret]s4 ,9 a recumb5t po/ure ! ur9e collects = a little "t 9 ! uret]s1 !n fl[s g5tly1 & if ! body is rais$1 runs f !m 9 a /ream till !y are empty4 ,its fl[ is increas$ 9 deep inspiration1 or /ra9+1 & 9 active ex]cise1 & 9 fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes aft] meals4 ,sub/ances tak5 into ! /oma* pass v rapidly ?r\gh ! circulation4 ,x does n take long] ?an "o m9ute = f]rocyanide ( potassium to pass ?r\gh4 ,vegetable sub/ances pass 9 f sixte5 to ?irty-five4 ,neutral alkal9e salts ) vegetable acids1 :i* 7 g5]ally decompos$ 9 transitu1 made ! ur9e alkal9e 9 tw5ty-eight to =ty-sev5 m9utes4 ,b ! "t ( passage v>i$ mu*2 & ! transit 0 always sl[ :5 ! sub/ances 7 tak5 dur+ dige/ion4 ,!re are really two di/9ct p>ts 9 ! kidney--! actively secret+ "p1 ! epi!lium ( ! secret+ tubules2 & :at maybe call$ a filt]+ "p1 ! malpighian bodies4 ,! specific gravity ( ur9e is #ajbj--t is1 ! av]age human ur9e4 ,ur9e v>ies--9 ! morn+ be=e breakfa/ x is d>k]1 ur9a sangu9is2 ur9e secret$ %ortly aft] ! introduction ( any consid]able quantity ( fluid into ! body1 ur9a potus2 & ! ur9e evacuat$ imm$iately succe$+ a solid meal ( food1 ur9a cibi4 ,! la/ k9d conta9s a l>g] quantity ( solid matt] ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs1 ! fir/ & second be+ l>gely dilut$ ) wat]4 ,specific gravity3 ,! morn+ ur9e is be/ calculat$ = analysis4 ,! av]age heal?y range may be /at$ at #ajae 9 ! w9t] to #ajbe 9 ! summ]1 & v>iations ( diet & ex]cise may make a great diff]5ce4 ,9 disease1 ! v>iations may be great]2 sometimes desc5d+ 9 album9>ia to #ajjd1 & frequ5tly asc5d+ 9 diabetes1 :5 ! ur9e is load$ ) sug>1 to #ajej1 or ev5 to #ajfj4 ,! :ole quantity ( ur9e secret$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is subject to v>iations accord+ to ! am\nt ( fluid drunk1 & ! proportion ( ! latt] pass+ (f f sk91 lungs1 & alim5t>y canal4 ,! av]age quantity void$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs by heal?y male adults f tw5ty to =ty ye>s ( age am\nts to #eb #a_/b fluid ounces4 ,! *emical composition ( ur9e4 ,! av]age quantity ( ea* con/itu5t ( ! ur9e 9 #a1jjj p>ts is3 ,wat] 7,o ,h#b71 #ifg ,urea 7,c ,o ,n#b ,h#d71 #ad4bci ,uric acid 7,c#e ,n#d ,h#d ,o#c71 4#dfh ,color+ matt]1 mucus1 & animal extractive matt]1 #aj4ajg ,sulphates 7soda1 pota%71 #h4ahe ,salts4 ,bisulphates 7lime1 soda1 magnesia1 ammonia71 ,*lorides 7sodium1 potassium71 ,silica1 etc41 ,traces4 --------- #a1jjj4jjj ,urea is ! pr9cipal solid con/itu5t ( ! ur9e1 =m+ ne>ly "o-half ( ! :ole quantity ( solid matt]4 ,x is also ! mo/ important +r$i5t1 s9ce x is ! *ief sub/ance by :i* ! nitrog5 ( decompos$ tissue & sup]flu\s food is excret$ f ! body4 ,! salts excret$ by ! kidneys 9 #bd h\rs are3 ,urea 7,c ,n#b ,h#d ,o71 #eab gra9s4 ,*loride ( sodium 7,na ,cl71 #agg 11 ,phosphoric acid 7,h#c ,p ,o#d71 #dh 11 ,sulphuric acid 7,h#b ,s ,o#d71 #ca4aa 11 ,uric acid 7,c#e ,n#d ,h#d ,o#c71 #h4ec 11 ,! sub/ances excret$ consi/ ma9ly ( c>bonic acid gas 7,c ,o#b71 :i* is expir$ by ! lungs1 & urea 7,c ,n#b ,h#d ,o71 :i* is expell$ by ! ur9e4 ,^! excretions1 or exp5ditures1 or wa/e products ( ! human body1 pres5t ! c>bohydrates--/>*1 sug>s1 & fats--& ! proteids--meats & album5--tak5 into ! sy/em z food4 ,! daily av]age loss by ! exp5diture or wa/e products ( ! body is e/imat$ to be ab\t3 ,c>bon1 #d1ejj gra9s4 ,nitrog51 #c to #ejj gra9s4 ,besides salts & wat]4 ,( all ! elem5ts ( ! income & outcome1 ! nitrog51 ! c>bon1 & ! free oxyg5 ( respiration1 are by f> ! mo/ important4 ,s9ce wat] is ( use to ! body = m]ely me*anical purposes1 & n z food 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 ! hydrog5 elem5t becomes a dubi\s "o2 ! sulphur ( ! proteids1 & phosphorus ( ! fats1 are insignificant 9 am\nt2 :ile ! sal9e matt]s /& on a :olly diff]5t foot+ f ! o!r p>ts ( ! food1 inasmu* z !y are n s\rces ( en]gy1 & pass ?r\gh ! body ) comp>atively little *ange4 ,! correct income w consi/ ( s mu* nitrog51 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 sulphur1 phosphorus1 sal9e matt]s1 & wat]1 conta9$ 9 ! proteids1 fats1 c>bohydrates1 salts1 & wat] ( ! food1 toge!r ) ! oxyg5 absorb$ by ! lungs1 sk91 & alim5t>y canal4 ,! outcome w consi/ (3 #a4 ,! respiratory products ( ! lungs1 sk91 & alim5t>y canal1 consi/+ *iefly ( c>bonic acid & wat]1 ) small quantities ( hydrog5 & c>burett$ hydrog51 ^! two latt] com+ exclusively f ! alim5t>y canal2 #b4 ,p]spiration1 consi/+ *iefly ( wat] & salts1 ) urea by ! sk91 & o!r organic con/itu5ts ( sweat am\nt+ to v little2 #c4 ,! ur9e1 :i* conta9s practically all ! nitrog5 really excret$ by ! body1 z well z a l>ge quantity ( sal9e matt] & wat]4 ,,heat ,,& ,,temp]ature4 ,! av]age temp]ature ( ! human body 9 ^? int]nal p>ts :i* are m accessible1 z ! m\? & rectum1 is f #ih4e to #ii4e ,f4 ,! *ief circum/ances by :i* ! temp]ature ( ! heal?y body is influ5c$ are ! foll[+3 ,age4 ,! av]age temp]ature ( ! new-born babe is only ab\t #a ,f4 above t prop] to ! adult4 ,9 old age ! temp]ature rises aga91 & approa*es t ( infancy4 ,sex4 ,9 ! female slightly high] ?an 9 ! male4 ,ex]cise4 ,active ex]cise raises ! temp]ature ( ! body1 ?r\gh muscul> contraction1 etc4 ,climate & season4 ,9 pass+ f a temp]ate to a hot climate1 ! temp]ature ( ! human body rises slightly1 r>ely m ?an #b to #c ,f4 ,9 summ] ! temp]ature ( ! body is a little high] ?an 9 w9t]1 #a_/e to #a_/c ,f4 ,cold alcoholic dr9ks depress ! temp]ature #a_/b to #a;,f4 ,w>m alcoholic dr9ks1 z well z w>m tea & c(fee1 raise ! temp]ature ab\t #a_/b ,f4 ,9 disease1 z 9 pneumonia & typhus1 x occasionally rises z high z #ajf or #ajg ,f4 ,9 ,asiatic *ol]a a !rmomet] plac$ 9 ! m\? sometimes rises only to #gg or #gi ,f4 ,! temp]ature ma9ta9$ by mammalia ( an active /ate ( life av]ages #aja ,f4 ,9 birds1 ! av]age is z high z #ajg ,f41 ! highe/ temp]ature1 #aaa4be1 be+ 9 ! species ( ! l9nets1 etc4 ,! s\rces & di/ribution ( heat4 ,:]ev] metabolism ( protoplasm is go+ on1 heat is be+ g5]at$4 ,all ov] ! body heat is be+ set free2 m abundantly 9 ! m active tissues1 & mo/ ( all 9 ^? tissues ! metabolism ( :i* leads to little or no ext]nal "w4 ,! metabolism ( ! tissues 7includ+ ! blood7 & ( ! food )9 ! alim5t>y canal is ! s\rce ( ! heat ( ! body4 ,b heat1 be+ cont9ually produc$1 is z cont9ually be+ lo/1 z we h se51 by ! sk91 ur9e1 & feces4 ,! blood pass+ f "o "p ( ! body to ano!r1 & c>ry+ w>m? f ! tissues :]e heat is be+ actively g5]at$1 to ! tissues or organs :]e heat is be+ lo/ by conduction or evaporation1 t5ds to equalize ! temp]ature ( ! v>i\s p>ts & ?us ma9ta9 a con/ant bodily temp]ature4 ,tak+ ! body z a :ole1 "u normal conditions1 ! *ief s\rces ( ! production ( heat are ! muscles1 & ! abdom9al visc]a1 m especially ! liv]2 & ( ^! ! liv] des]ves att5tion1 inasmu* z x is always at "w1 :]eas ! heat produc$ by ! muscles is at lea/ l>gely dep5d5t on _! contract+1 & !y may rema9 at re/ = a consid]able p]iod4 ,! bra91 too1 may be reg>d$ z a s\rce ( heat1 s9ce its temp]ature is high] ?an t ( ! art]ial blood ) :i* x is suppli$4 ,heat is lo/ by ! sk91 respiration1 feces1 etc4 ,! great regulator1 h[ev]1 is und\bt$ly ! sk94 ,! m blood passes ?r\gh ! sk9 ! great] w be ! loss ( heat by conduction1 radiation1 & evaporation4 ,! work+ ( ?is heat-regulat+ me*anism is well se5 9 ! case ( ex]cise4 ,s9ce e muscul> contraction gives rise to heat1 ex]cise mu/ increase = ! "t be+ ! production ( heat2 yet ! bodily temp]ature r>ely rises z mu* z a degree ,c41 if at all4 ,by ex]cise ! respiration is quick5$ & ! loss ( heat by ! lungs increas$4 ,! circulation ( blood is also quick5$1 & ! cutane\s vascul> areas becom+ dilat$1 a l>ge am\nt ( blood passes ?r\gh ! sk94 ,! exp5diture ( heat may be tabulat$ ?us3 ,by ! sk91 9 conduct+1 radiat+1 & evaporat+1 #gg4e p] c5t4 ,w>m+ expir$ air1 #e4b 11 ,evaporat+ ! wat] ( respiration1 #ad4e 11 ,9 w>m+ ur9e1 etc41 #b4f 11 ,,! ,,circulation4 ,! he>t is a holl[ muscul> organ divid$ by a longitud9al septum into a "r & a left half1 ea* ( :i* is aga9 subdivid$ by a transv]se con/riction into two comp>tm5ts communicat+ ) ea* o!r1 & nam$ auricle & v5tricle4 ,! he>t is inclos$ 9 ! p]ic>dium & plac$ beh9d ! /]num & co/al c>tilages on ! bord] end or base1 by :i* x is atta*$1 be+ direct$ upw>ds1 backw>ds1 & to ! "r1 & ext5d+ f ! level ( ! f\r? to t ( ! eigh? dorsal v]tebra1 ! apex d[nw>ds1 =w>ds1 & to ! left4 ,9 size1 x is ab\t five in*es long1 ?ree & a half 9 its greate/ wid?1 & two 9 its extreme ?ickness f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior surface4 ,! weight is f n9e to t5 ounces4 ,! circulation ( ! blood4-- ,! body is divid$ into two *ief cavities1 ! *e/ or ?orax1 & abdom51 by a curv$ muscul> p>tition call$ ! diaphragm or midriff4 ,! *e/ is almo/ entirely fill$ ) lungs & he>t1 ! latt] be+ fitt$ 91 s to speak1 betwe5 ! two lungs1 ne>] to ! front ?an ! back ( ! *e/1 & p>tly ov]lapp$ by !m4 ,9 ! liv+ body ! he>t & lungs are 9 con/ant rhy?mic movem5t1 ! result ( :i* is an unceas+ /ream ( air ?r\gh ! tra*ea alt]nately into & out ( ! lungs1 & an unceas+ /ream ( blood into & out ( ! he>t4 ,! blood is convey$ away f ! he>t by ! art]ies & return$ to x by ! ve9s2 ! art]ies & ve9s be+ cont9u\s ) ea* o!r1 at "o end by means ( ! he>t1 & at ! o!r by a f9e network ( vessels call$ capill>ies4 ,! blood1 !re=e1 9 its passage f ! he>t passes fir/ into ! art]ies1 !n into ! capill>ies1 & la/ly into ! ve9s1 by :i* x is convey$ back aga9 to ! he>t--?us complet+ a revolution1 or circulation4 ,!re are two circulations by :i* all ! blood mu/ pass--! "o a %ort] circuit f ! he>t to ! lungs & back aga91 :i* is call$ ! pulmonic2 ! o!r ! l>g] circuit1 f ! he>t to all p>ts ( ! body & back aga91 :i* is call$ ! sy/emic2 & a subord9ate /ream ( blood1 t has be5 collect$ by ! blood-vessels ( ! inte/9es1 passes by means ( ! portal ve9 ?r\gh ! liv]1 & is call$ ! portal circulation4 ,! pr9cipal =ce provid$ = con/antly mov+ ! blood on ?is c\rse1 is t ( ! muscul> sub/ance ( ! he>t2 o!r assi/ant =ces are 7#b7 ^? ( ! ela/ic walls ( ! art]ies1 7#c7 ! pressure ( ! muscles among :i* "s ( ! ve9s run1 7#d7 ! movem5ts ( ! walls ( ! *e/ 9 respiration1 & 7#e7 probably to "s ext5t ! int]*ange ( relations betwe5 ! blood & ! tissues :i* ensues 9 ! capill>y sy/em dur+ ! nutritive processes4 ,! "r direction ( ! blood's c\rse is det]m9$ & ma9ta9$ by ! valves ( ! he>t4 ,! he>t is divid$ into two *ief *amb]s or cavities--"r & left4 ,ea* ( ^! *amb]s is aga9 divid$ into an upp] & l[] portion call$ respectively auricle & v5tricle1 :i* freely communicate ) ea* o!r4 ,! "r auricle communicates on ! "o h& ) ! ve9s ( ! g5]al sy/em & on ! o!r ) ! "r v5tricle4 ,! valvul> curta9 betwe5 ! "r auricle & ! "r v5tricle is nam$ ! tricuspid2 by x ! auricle is gu>d$ f ! v5tricle4 ,! v5tricle leads directly into ! pulmon>y art]y & ?is 9 turn into ! lungs4 ,! pulmon>y art]y is gu>d$ by ?ree semilun> valves4 ,! left auricle aga9 communicates on ! "o h& ) ! pulmon>y ve9 & on ! o!r ) ! left v5tricle1 :i* is gu>d$ by ! mitral or bicuspid valve4 ,! left v5tricle leads directly into ! aorta1 :i* is also gu>d$ by ?ree semilun> valves4 ,! aorta is a l>ge art]y :i* conveys ! blood to ! g5]al sy/em4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! he>t's valves is su* t ! blood c pass only 9 "o def9ite direction1 & ?is is--f ! "r auricle ! blood passes into ! "r v5tricle1 & !nce into ! pulmon>y art]y1 by :i* x is convey$ to ! capill>ies ( ! lungs4 ,f ! lungs1 ! blood1 :i* is n[ purifi$ & alt]$ 9 color1 is ga!r$ by ! pulmon>y ve9s & tak5 to ! left auricle4 ,f ! left auricle x passes into ! left v5tricle1 & !nce into ! aorta1 by :i* x is di/ribut$ to ! capill>ies 9 e portion ( ! body4 ,! ,he>t's action4 ,! he>t's action 9 propell+ ! blood consi/s 9 ! successive alt]nate contractions & dilatations ( ! muscul> walls ( ! two auricles & v5tricles4 ,! auricles contract simultane\sly2 s d ! v5tricles2 _! dilatations also are sev]ally simultane\s2 & ! contractions ( ! "o pair ( cavities are syn*ron\s ) ! dilatations ( ! o!r4 ,valves--,bi & ,tricuspid4 ,dur+ auricul> contraction ! =ce ( ! blood propell$ into ! v5tricle is transmitt$ 9 all directions1 b be+ insuffici5t to raise ! semilun> valves1 x is exp5d$ 9 di/5d+ ! v5tricle & 9 rais+ & gradually clos+ ! auriculo-v5tricul> valves 7tricuspid & bicuspid valves74 ,^! :5 ! v5tricle is full =m a complete septum 7p>tition7 betwe5 x & ! auricle4 ,! art]ial or semilun> valves are br\ght into action by ! pressure ( ! art]ial blood =c$ back t[>ds ! v5tricles1 :5 ! ela/ic walls ( ! art]ies recoil aft] be+ dilat$ by ! blood propell$ into !m 9 ! previ\s contraction ( ! v5tricle4 ,! s\nds4 ,:5 ! e> is plac$ ov] ! region ( ! he>t two s\nds may be he>d at e beat ( ! he>t1 :i* foll[ 9 quick succession1 & are succe$$ by a pause or a p]iod ( sil5ce4 ,! fir/ s\nd is dull & prolong$2 its comm5cem5t co9cides ) ! impulse ( ! he>t & j prec$es ! pulse at ! wri/4 ,! second is a %ort] & %>p] s\nd1 ) a some:at flapp+ "*1 & foll[s close aft] ! art]ial pulse4 ,fir/ s\nd4 ,! *ief cause ( ! fir/ s\nd ( ! he>t appe>s to be ! vibration ( ! auriculo-v5tricul> valve1 & also1 b to a less ext5t1 ( ! v5tricul> walls1 & ! coats ( ! aorta & pulmon>y art]y1 all ( :i* p>ts are sudd5ly put into a /ate ( t5sion at ! mom5t ( v5tricul> contraction4 ,! second s\nd is m complete ?an t ( ! fir/4 ,x is probably due entirely to ! sudd5 closure & consequ5t vibration ( ! semilun> valves :5 !y are press$ d[n across ! orifice ( ! aorta & pulmon>y art]y4 ,pulse4 ,! he>t ( a heal?y adult man 9 ! middle p]iod ( life acts f sev5ty to sev5ty-five times p] m9ute4 ,! frequ5cy ( ! he>t's action gradually dim9i%es f ! comm5cem5t to ne> ! end ( life4 ,9 p]sons ( sangu9e temp]am5t1 ! he>t acts some:at m frequ5tly ?an 9 ^? ( ! phlegmatic2 & 9 ! female sex m frequ5tly ?an 9 ! male2 9 *ildr51 m frequ5tly /ill4 ,capacity4 ,! capacity ( ! two v5tricles is probably exactly ! same4 ,f ! mean ( v>i\s e/imates tak51 x may be inf]r$ t ea* v5tricle is able to conta9 on an av]age ab\t ?ree ounces ( blood1 ! :ole ( :i* is impell$ into ! respective art]ies at ea* contraction4 ,e "t ! v5tricles contract ?ree ounces ( blood are pump$ out ( ! he>t into ! lungs & he>t respectively4 ,calculat+ sev5ty pulses p] m9ute1 ! quantity ( blood pass+ ?r\gh ! he>t w\ld be ab\t #baa ounces1 or #ad #a_/d p9ts p] m9ute2 or #hie p9ts p] h\r1 or #ba1dhj p9ts 9 #bd h\rs4 ,velocity4 ,! velocity ( ! /ream ( blood is great] 9 ! art]ies ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! circulatory sy/em1 & 9 !m x is greate/ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! he>t & dur+ ! v5tricul> sy/ole2 ! rate ( movem5t dim9i%es dur+ ! dia/ole ( ! v5tricles1 & 9 ! p>ts ( ! art]ial sy/em mo/ di/ant f ! he>t4 ,! rate is calculat$ to be ab\t f #aj to #ab in*es p] second 9 ! l>ge art]ies ne> ! he>t4 ,,! ,,blood4 ,blood is a tissue ( :i* ! r$ corpuscles are ! ess5tial & active elem5ts1 :ile ! plasma is ! liquid matrix4 ,!re are two k9ds ( corpuscles1 ! :ite & ! r$4 ,! protoplasm ( ! :ite corpuscles is native indiff]5tiat$ protoplasm1 9 no respect fitt$ = any special duty1 z f> z we "k at pres5t4 ,! :ite corpuscles are 9 reality embryonic /ructures1 conc]n$ *iefly 9 ! production ( o!r =ms1 su* z r$ corpuscles1 & x may be "u c]ta9 conditions v>i\s elem5ts ( ! o!r tissues4 ,! r$ corpuscles h a def9ite respiratory function4 ,b ^! =m a "p only ( ! blood4 ,! l>ge/ portion ( ! blood1 ! :ole mass ( ! plasma1 is an unorganiz$ fluid ) no prop] physiological 7vital7 prop]ties ( its own4 ,its function is to s]ve z ! great m$ium ( ex*ange betwe5 all ! tissues ( ! body4 ,j z ! :ole organism lives on ! ?+s ar\nd x1 its air & its food1 s ! sev]al tissues live on ! complex fluid by :i* !y are all ba!d & :i* is to !m _! imm$iate air & food4 ,blood )9 ! liv+ vessel is a fluid2 b :5 %$1 or aft] ! dea? ( ! vessels1 becomes solid by ! process kn[n z coagulation4 ,! av]age specific gravity ( human blood is #ajef1 v>y+ f #ajde to #ajge )9 ! limits ( heal?4 ,x has an alkal9e reaction1 :i* 9 %$ blood rapidly dim9i%es up to ! onset ( coagulation4 ,blood may1 9 g5]al t]ms1 be consid]$ z consi/+ by weight ( m ?an "o-?ird & less ?an "o-half ( corpuscles1 ! re/ be+ plasma1 ! corpuscles be+ suppos$ to reta9 ! am\nt ( wat] prop] to !m4 ,human blood3 corpuscles #eac1 plasma #dhg4 ,! av]age quantity ( fibr9e 9 ! human blood is said to be two p] c5t4 ,composition ( s]um3 ,9 #ajj p>ts !re are 9 r\nd numb]s3 ,wat]1 #ij p>ts4 ,proteid sub/ance1 #h to #i 11 ,fat extractives & sal9e matt]1 #b to #a 11 ,( ! proteid sub/ances ! great mass consi/s ( ! s-call$ s]um-album54 ,composition ( r$ corpuscles3 ,! r$ corpuscles conta9 less wat] ?an ! s]um4 ,9 #ajj p>ts ( r$ corpuscle !re are3 ,wat]1 #ef4e ,solid1 #dc4e ,! solids are almo/ entirely organic matt]1 ! inorganic salts 9 ! corpuscles am\nt+ to less ?an #d p] c5t4 ,9 #ajj p>ts ( dri$ organic matt] ( ! corpuscles ( human blood !re are3 ,hmoglob91 #ij4ed ,proteid sub/ance1 #h4fg ,leci?91 4#ed ,*ole/r91 4#be ,! blood is di/ribut$ z foll[s 9 r\nd numb]s3 ,9 ! he>t1 lungs1 l>ge art]ies & ve9s1 ,ab\t "o-f\r?4 ,9 ! liv]1 11 11 ,9 ! skeletal muscles1 11 11 ,9 ! o!r organs1 11 11 ,! av]age proportion ( ! pr9cipal con/itu5ts ( ! blood 9 #a1jjj p>ts is3 ,wat]1 #ghd ,r$ corpuscles 7solid residue71 #acj ,album5 s]um1 #gj ,sal9e matt]1 #f4jc ,extractive fatty matt]1 #g4gg ,fibr9e1 #b4bj ,! *emical composition ( hmoglob9 is3 ,c>b4 ,hyd4 ,iron4 ,nit4 ,oxy4 ,sulph4 #ed4b #g4b #j4db #af4j #ba4e #f4g ,muc9e1 #eb4b #g4j #ab4f #bh4b ,proteids1 #ea4e #f4i #ae4b #bj4i #j4 to #ed4e to #g4c to #ag4j to #bc4e to #b4j ,,! ,,organs ,,( ,,respiration4 ,! pr9cipal organs ( respiration consi/ ( l>ynx1 tra*ea1 bron*i1 lungs4 ,! l>ynx is affix$ to ! upp] end ( ! w9dpipe1 & is n only ! entrance = air into ! respiratory organs f ! ph>ynx1 b also ! organ ( voice4 ,! tra*ea measures f f\r in*es to f\r in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 & f ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* to "o in* 9 wid?2 b its l5g? & wid? are liable to cont9ual v>iations1 accord+ to ! position ( ! l>ynx & ! direction ( ! neck4 ,! tra*ea divides into two bran*es1 call$ bron*i1 "r & left4 ,! "r bron*us1 wid] & %ort] ?an ! left1 measur+ ab\t an in* 9 l5g?1 passes outw>ds almo/ horizontally into ! root ( ! "r lung on a level ) ! f\r? dorsal v]tebra4 ,! left bron*us1 small] 9 diamet] b long] ?an ! "r1 be+ ne>ly two in*es 9 l5g?1 incl9es d[nw>ds & outw>ds to rea* ! root ( ! "r lung1 :i* x ent]s on a level ) ! fif? dorsal v]tebra--t is1 ab\t an in* l[] ?an ! "r bron*us4 ,! lungs1 plac$ "o on ! "r & ! o!r on ! left ( ! he>t & l>ge vessels1 occupy by f> ! l>g] "p ( ! cavity ( ! *e/1 & dur+ life are always 9 accurate contact ) ! int]nal surface ( its walls4 ,ea* lung is atta*$ at a comp>atively small "p ( its flatt5$ inn] or m$ian surface by a "p nam$ ! root & by a ?9 membran\s fold1 :i* is cont9u$ d[nw>ds f x4 ,! pleur are s]\s membranes =m+ two %ut sacs1 q di/9ct f ea* o!r1 :i* l9e ! "r & left side ( ! ?orax1 =m+ by _! approximation 9 ! middle l9e ! m$ia/9al p>tition1 & are reflect$ ea* ^u ! root & ov] ! entire free surface ( ! correspond+ lung4 ,! lungs4 ,ea* lung is irregul>ly pyramidal or conical1 ) its base d[nw>ds1 & "o side 7! inn]7 mu* flatt5$4 ,! broad concave base is ( a semi-lun> =m1 & re/s ^u ! ar* ( ! diaphragm4 ,! apex is blunt1 & rea*es into ! root ( ! neck1 above ! fir/ rib1 :]e x is sep>at$ f ! fir/ portion ( ! subclavian art]y by ! pleural membrane4 ,! lungs v>y mu* 9 size & weight1 accord+ to ! quantity ( blood & muc\s or s]\s fluid !y may happ5 to conta91 :i* is greatly influ5c$ by ! circum/ances imm$iately prec$+ dea?1 z well z o!r causes4 ,! weight ( bo? lungs toge!r1 z g5]ally /at$1 ranges f #cj to #dh ounces1 ! m preval5t weights be+ f\nd betwe5 #cf & #db ounces4 ,! proportion borne by ! "r lung to ! left is ne>ly #bb ounces to #bj1 tak+ ! comb9$ weight ( ! two at #db ounces4 ,! lungs are n only absolutely heavi] 9 ! male ?an 9 ! female1 b appe> to be heavi] 9 proportion to ! weight ( ! body4 ,! g5]al ratio betwe5 ! weight ( ! lungs & body 9 ! adult fluctuates betwe5 "o to ?irty-five & "o to fifty4 ,! av]age weight 9 tw5ty-n9e cases1 male & female3 ,male4 ,female4 ,"r lung1 #bd ounces4 #ag ounces4 ,left lung1 #ba 11 #ae 11 --------- --------- #de ounces4 #cb ounces4 ,! proportionate weight ( ! lungs to ! body is3 ,male4 ,female4 #a to #cg #a to #cd ,! sub/ance ( ! lungs is ( a light por\s spongy texture1 & :5 heal?y is buoyant 9 wat]4 ,specific gravity1 #j4abf2 depriv$ ( air1 #a4jef4 ,:5 press$ betwe5 ! f+]s1 ! lungs imp>t a crepitant s5sation1 :i* is accompani$ by a peculi> noise1 bo? effects be+ caus$ by ! air conta9$ 9 ! tissue4 ,on cutt+ ! lung ! same crepitation is he>d4 ,! pulmon>y tissues are end[$ ) great ela/icity1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! lungs collapse to ab\t "o-?ird ( _! bulk :5 ! ?orax is op5$4 ,! root ( ea* lung consi/s ( bron*i1 art]ies1 & ve9s1 toge!r ) ! n]ves1 lymphatic vessels1 & gl&s1 connect$ by areol> tissue1 & inclos$ 9 a %ea? ( ! pleura4 ,respiration consi/s ( an expiration & an inspiration4 ,! air passes 9 ?r\gh ! nose or m\?1 ?r\gh ! l>ynx1 tra*ea1 bron*i1 into ! lungs4 ,inspiration3 ,by ! contraction ( c]ta9 muscles1 ! cavity ( ! ?orax is enl>g$2 9 consequ5ce ! pressure ( ! air )9 ! lungs becomes less ?an t ( ! air outside ! body1 & ?is diff]5ce ( pressure causes a ru% ( air ?r\gh ! tra*ea into ! lungs until an equilibrium ( pressure is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! air inside & t outside ! lungs4 ,?is con/itutes inspiration4 ,expiration3 ,^u ! relaxation ( ! inspiratory muscles 7! muscles ^: contraction has br\ght ab\t ! ?oracic expansion71 ! ela/icity ( ! *e/ walls & lungs1 aid$ by ! contraction ( c]ta9 muscles & o!r circum/ances1 causes ! *e/ to return to its orig9al size1 or ev5 become small]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is ! pressure )9 ! lungs n[ becomes great] ?an t outside1 & ?us air ru%es out ( ! tra*ea1 until equilibrium is once m e/abli%$4 ,?is con/itutes expiration4 ,! inspiratory & expiratory act toge!r =m a respiration4 ,! fre% air introduc$ into ! upp] "p ( ! pulmon>y passages by ! inspiratory movem5t conta9s m oxyg5 & less c>bonic acid ?an ! old air previ\sly pres5t 9 ! lungs4 ,by diffusion ! new or tidal air1 z x is frequ5tly call$1 gives up ! oxyg5 to1 & takes c>bonic acid f1 ! old or /ation>y air1 & ?us :5 x leaves ! *e/ 9 expiration has be5 ! means bo? ( introduc+ oxyg5 into & ( remov+ c>bonic acid f x4 ,by ?is ebb & fl[ ( ! tidal air & ! diffusion betwe5 x & ! /ation>y air1 ! air 9 ! lungs is be+ cont9ually r5ew$1 ?r\gh ! alt]nate expansion & contraction ( ! *e/4 ,9 :at may be consid]$ normal brea?+1 ! respiratory act is repeat$ ab\t sev5te5 times a m9ute2 & ! duration ( ! inspiration z comp>$ ) t ( ! expiration & su* pause z exi/s1 is ab\t z t5 to twelve4 ,:5 ! ord9>y respiratory movem5ts prove insuffici5t to effect ! necess>y *anges 9 ! blood1 _! rhy?m & "* become *ang$4 ,normal respiration gives place to labor$ respiration1 & ?is 9 turn to dyspnoea1 :i* unless "s re/orative ev5t occurs t]m9ates 9 asphyxia4 ,*anges ( ! air 9 respiration3 #a4 ,! temp]ature ( ! expir$ air is v>iable1 b "u ord9>y circum/ances is high] ?an t ( ! inspir$ air4 #b4 ,! expir$ air is load$ ) aque\s vapor4 #c4 ,! expir$ air conta9s ab\t #d to #f p] c5t less oxyg5 & ab\t #d p] c5t m c>bonic acid ?an ! inspir$ air1 ! quantity ( nitrog5 suff]+ b little *ange4 ,?us3 ,oxyg54 ,nitrog54 ,c>bon4 ,inspir$ air conta9s #bj4ha #gi4ae 4#jd ,expir$ 11 11 #af4jcc #gi4eeg #d4chj ,:ile ! air 9 pass+ 9 & out ( ! lungs is ?us robb$ ( a portion ( its oxyg51 & load$ ) a c]ta9 quantity ( c>bonic acid1 ! blood z x /reams along ! pulmon>y capill>ies und]goes important correlative *anges4 ,z x leaves ! "r v5tricle x is v5\s blood ( a d>k purple or m>oon color2 :5 ! blood has pass$ ?r\gh ! lungs & falls into ! left auricle1 x is art]ial blood ( a bright sc>let hue4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies ( ! body f ! left to ! "r side ( ! he>t1 x is aga9 *ang$ f ! art]ial to ! v5\s condition4 ,! av]age composition ( ?is gas 9 ! two k9ds ( blood is z foll[s4 ,f #ajj volumes may be obta9$3 ,oxyg54 ,c>bonic ,acid4 ,nitrog54 ,( art]ial blood1 #bj 7#af7 vol4 #ci 7#cj7 vol4 #a to #b vol4 ,( v5\s blood1 #h-ab 7#f to #aj7 #df 7#ce7 vol4 #a to #b vol4 ,oxyg5 plays a mo/ important role on ?is t]re/rial globe4 ,life1 heal?1 & food dep5d on x4 ,?is elem5t p5etrates1 p]vades1 ev]y?+ & ev]y:]e1 unites & disunites ) all o!r elem5ts1 pres]ves & de/roys4 ,:ile its abs5ce f a liv+ be+1 :e!r plant or animal1 is dea?4 ,:5 a liquid su* z wat] is expos$ to an atmosph]e conta9+ a gas su* z oxyg51 "s ( ! oxyg5 w be dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 t is to say w be absorb$ f ! atmosph]e4 ,! quantity :i* is s absorb$ w dep5d on ! quantity ( oxyg5 :i* is 9 ! atmosph]e above2 t is to say1 on ! pressure ( ! oxyg52 ! great] ! pressure ( ! oxyg51 ! l>g] ! am\nt :i* w be absorb$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 wat] conta9+ a good deal ( oxyg5 dissolv$ 9 x be expos$ to an atmosph]e conta9+ little or no oxyg51 ! oxyg5 w escape f ! wat] into ! atmosph]e4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,dige/ion1 ,,nutrition4 ,9 plant life ! p]man5t fabric consi/s ( only ?ree elem5ts--c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg54 ,we "k t plants alone conv]t inorganic or m9]al sub/ances into organic matt]1 & t plants z a necess>y result assimilate _! inorganic food1 decompose c>bonic acid1 & re/ore its oxyg5 to ! atmosph]e4 ,vegetation is con/ruct$ ( cells or vesicles1 & has a cellul> tissue4 ,a cell is a liv+ organism4 ,x is t :i* makes up ! tissue ( plants4 ,= ! :ole life ( ! plant is t ( ! cells :i* compose x2 9 !m & by !m its products are elaborat$1 & all its vital processes are c>ri$ on4 ,cell multiplication by division1 cell gr[?1 cell modification1 exi/ 9 plants4 ,fluids are transf]r$ f cell to cell by a process call$ endosmose4 ,absorption takes place by ! roots1 & ! sub/ance absorb$ is c>ri$ up into ! leaves1 ev5 to ! topmo/ b\gh ( a tree1 pass+ 9 its c\rse _m millions ( app>5tly wat]-tight p>titions4 ,plants ex*ange gases1 tak+ 9 c>bonic acid & giv+ (f oxyg54 ,!y evolve heat1 h organs ( reproduction1 & elaborate ! mat]ial = ! f9al evolution ( ! se$4 ,?is se$1 :e!r ( gra91 ( vegetables1 or ( fruits1 is compos$ ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg54 ,& ^! con/itute ! />*es & sug>s :i* we f9d h be5 evolv$ by ! vegetable or plant1 & :i* =m ! food = animals4 ,plants1 !n1 conv]t ! elem5t>y sub/ances1 ! crude mat]ial1 into food4 ,9 do+ s1 !y pass ?r\gh ! processes kn[n z ! ess5tials ( life2 ^! are1 bir?1 gr[?1 developm5t1 decl9e1 & dea?4 ,all organic comp\nds are transitory4 ,!y are con/antly appe>+ & disappe>+1 compos+ & decompos+1 organiz+ & disorganiz+2 & !y are always dep5d5t ^u a c]ta9 degree ( heat & moi/ure = _! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce4 ,! univ]sal con/itu5ts ( plant life2 ( organic exi/5ce1 :i* are indisp5sable to vegetation1 are c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog54 ,e vegetable sub/ance is made up ( at lea/ eighty-eight to n9ety-n9e p] c5t ( ^! elem5ts4 ,! prop] vegetable /ructure1 t is1 ! tissue itself1 consi/s only ( ?ree ( ^! elem5ts1 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg52 :ile ! f\r?1 nitrog51 is an ess5tial con/itu5t ( ! protoplasm1 :i* plays s important a "p 9 ! =mation ( ! cell1 etc4 ,plants prep>e or elaborate out ( ^! *emical elem5ts food-sub/ances compos$ ( ^? elem5ts--/>*es & sug>s--^u :i* animals subsi/4 ,animals fe$+ ^u ^! vegetable sub/ances assimilate1 elaborate1 !m into meat sub/ances1 fle%1 or proteids4 ,^! aga9 are compos$ ( c>bon1 hydrog51 nitrog51 & oxyg54 ,nitrog5 plays ! important role 9 proteids1 be+ ! di/+ui%+ feature1 z contra/$ ) sub/ances ( vegetable orig91 ! c>bohydrates4 ,?us man is provid$ ) two k9ds ( food3 d]iv$ f plants1 c>bohydrates2 d]iv$ f animals1 proteids1 or album5s1 besides wat] & m9]al salts4 ,^! foods und]go c]ta9 prep>ations previ\s to be+ introduc$ into ! sy/em4 ,9 ! sy/em ! food und]goes f>!r elaboration1 to make x fit to ent] into ! circulation ( ! blood1 9 ord] to supply suitable mat]ial = ! ma/] tissues4 ,we w n[ exam9e briefly ! organs & _! secretions t conv]t food-sub/ances into blood1 &1 by ! blood1 into tissue4 ,! solv5ts & dilu5ts ( food 9 ! human animal economy are ! saliva ( ! m\?1 ! ga/ric juice ( ! /oma*1 ! pancreative juice ( ! pancreas1 ! bile ( ! liv]1 & ! juices ( ! inte/9es--! succus ent]icus4 ,! dige/ive app>atus consi/s ma9ly ( ! alim5t>y canal toge!r ) v>i\s gl&s ( :i* x receives ! secretions4 ,! alim5t>y canal comm5ces at ! m\? & t]m9ates at ! anus4 ,! av]age l5g? is ab\t ?irty feet1 ab\t five or six times ! l5g? ( ! body4 ,! "p situat$ 9 ! head & ?orax consi/s ( ! organs ( ma/ication1 insalivation1 & deglutition1 & comprises ! m\? ) ! tee?1 ! saliv>y gl&s1 & ! sophagus or gullet4 ,! p>ts conta9$ 9 ! abdom5 & pelvis consi/ ( ! /oma* & ! small & l>ge inte/9es4 ,! gl&s :i* are mo/ imm$iately connect$ ) dige/ion are v num]\s small organs1 situat$ 9 ! muc\s membrane ( ! alim5t>y canal1 & ! l>g] gl&s1 su* z ! saliv>y gl&s1 pancreas1 & liv]1 ^: ducts op5 on its inn] surface4 ,! m\? is includ$ betwe5 ! lips & ! ?roat1 b\nd$ by ! lips1 *eeks1 tongue1 & h>d & s(t palate4 ,x communicates beh9d ) ! ph>ynx1 & ?r\gh ! ph>ynx ) ! sophagus4 ,x is l9$ ?r\gh\t ) muc\s membrane4 ,! m\? conta9s #cb tee?1 #af 9 ! upp] jaw & #af 9 ! l[] jaw4 ,! inf]ior maxill>y bone1 or l[] jaw1 is ! only movable bone ab\t ! head4 ,! tee? h = _! functions bit+1 gr9d+1 *ew+1 or triturat+ any h>d food sub/ance t may be introduc$ into ! m\?4 ,! tongue is a muscul> organ cov]$ ) muc\s membrane4 ,by its muscul> /ructure x takes "p 9 ! process ( ma/ication & deglutition1 & 9 ! articulation ( spee*1 :ile its muc\s membrane1 ) common & tactile s5sibility1 is ! seat ( ! s5se ( ta/e4 ,! tonsils are two prom95t bodies :i* occupy ! recesses =m$1 "o on ea* side ( ! fauces1 betwe5 ! ant]ior & po/]ior palat9e ar*es & ! pill>s ( ! fauces4 ,! saliva1 :i* is p\r$ into ! m\? & !re mix$ ) ! food dur+ ma/ication1 is secret$ by ?ree pairs ( gl&s nam$ f _! respective situation p>otid1 submaxill>y1 & subl+ual4 ,! p>otid is ! l>ge/ ( ?ree saliv>y gl&s4 ,x lies on ! side ( ! face1 9 front ( ! e>1 & ext5ds deeply into ! space beh9d ! ramus ( ! l[] jaw4 ,its weight v>ies f #e to #h dra*ms4 ,x has a duct call$ ! p>otid or ,/5son's duct4 ,x is ab\t #b #a_/b in*es long1 & ab\t a l9e & a half 9 ?ickness4 ,its orifice is opposite ! cr[n ( ! second mol> too? ( ! upp] jaw4 ,! submaxill>y gl& weighs ab\t #b to #b #a_/b dra*ms1 & is situat$ on ! inn] surface ( ! inf]ior maxill>y4 ,! duct is nam$ ,:>ton's1 & is ab\t #b in*es 9 l5g?4 ,its orifice is f\nd "u ! tongue4 ,! subl+ual gl& weighs ab\t a dra*m4 ,x is situat$ on ! floor ( ! m\?4 ,! ducts are call$ ! ducti ,riv9tiani4 ,!y are f #h to #bj 9 numb]4 ,!y may be se5 :5 ! tip ( ! tongue is lift$ up4 ,saliva4 ,mix$ saliva1 z x appe>s 9 ! m\?1 is a ?ick1 glairy1 g5]ally fro?y1 turbid fluid4 ,! quantity ( saliva secret$ 9 #bd h\rs v>ies4 ,! av]age am\nt is probably f two to ?ree p9ts 9 #bd h\rs4 ,! composition ( saliva is3 ,wat]1 #iid4aj ,solids1 #e4ij ,! solids are3 ,pyal9e1 #a4da ,fat1 #j4jg ,epi!lium & ,mucus1 #b4ac ,sulphocyanide ( ,potassium1 ,phosphate ( ,soda1 ,salts1 11 11 ,lime1 #b4bi 11 11 ,magnesia1 ,*loride ( ,sodium1 11 11 ,potassium1 ---- #e4ij ,! specific gravity v>ies f #a4jjd to #a4jjh4 ,! rate at :i* saliva is secret$ is subject to consid]able v>iation4 ,:5 ! tongue & muscles conc]n$ 9 ma/ication are at re/1 & ! n]ves ( ! m\? are subject to no unusual /imulus1 ! quantity secret$ is n m ?an suffici5t1 ) ! mucus1 to keep ! m\? moi/4 ,! purposes s]v$ by saliva are ( sev]al k9ds3 #a4 ,act+ me*anically 9 conjunction ) mucus1 x keeps ! m\? 9 a due condition ( moi/ure1 & facilitates ! movem5ts ( ! tongue 9 speak+1 & ! ma/ication ( ! food4 #b4 ,x s]ves also 9 dissolv+ sapid sub/ances & r5d]+ !m capable ( excit+ ! n]ves ( ta/e4 #c4 ,by mix+ ) ! food dur+ ma/ication1 x makes x a s(t pulpy mass1 su* z may easily be swall[$4 #d4 ,saliva p]=ms a *emical "p 9 ! dige/ion ( food4 ,x trans=ms />*y sub/ances into dextr9e & grape sug>4 ,/>* is a c>bohydrate--c>bon #ah1 hydrog5 #cj1 oxyg5 #ae4 ,c#ah;,h#cj,o#ae #c;,h#b,o ,c#f;,h#ab,o#f #b7;,c#f;,h#aj,o#e7 #b;,h#b,o 7,grape sug>47 7,dextr9e47 ,ptyal9e is ! sali5t feature ( saliva4 ,x is kn[n z a f]m5t--act+ ^u />* & conv]t+ x into dextr9e & grape sug>4 ,! action ( saliva v>ies 9 int5sity 9 diff]5t animals4 ,! food aft] hav+ be5 act$ ^u & prep>$ is propell$1 by ! act ( deglutition1 ?r\gh ! sophagus into ! /oma*1 by way ( ! ph>ynx4 ,! ph>ynx is t "p ( ! alim5t>y canal :i* unites ! cavities ( ! m\? & nose to ! sophagus4 ,x ext5ds f ! base ( ! skull to ! l[] bord] ( ! cricoid c>tilage1 & =ms a sac op5 at ! l[] end1 & imp]fect 9 front1 :]e x pres5ts ap]tures lead+ into ! nose1 m\?1 & l>ynx4 ,! ph>ynx is ab\t f\r & a half in*es 9 l5g?1 & is consid]ably wid] across ?an x is deep f be=e backw>ds4 ,! sophagus or gullet1 ! passage lead+ f ! ph>ynx into ! /oma*1 comm5ces at ! cricoid c>tilage opposite ! l[] bord] ( ! fif? c]vical v]tebra1 desc5ds 9 front ( ! sp9e1 passes ?r\gh ! diaphragm opposite ! n9? dorsal v]tebra1 & ends by an op5+ at ! c>diac orifice ( ! /oma*4 ,x is f n9e to t5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! /oma* is situat$ 9 ! abdom9al cavity4 ,x lies 9 "p aga9/ ! ant]ior wall ( ! abdom51 & 9 "p b5ea? ! liv] & diaphragm1 & above ! transv]se colon4 ,x is some:at conical or pyri=m 9 %ape4 ,! left "p is ! l>g]1 & is nam$ ! c>diac1 or spl5ic1 ! "r is nam$ ! pyloric1 extremity4 ,! upp] bord] is ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 is concave1 & is nam$ ! less] curvature1 :ile ! l[] bord] is mu* long]1 is convex1 & =ms ! great] curvature4 ,! dim5sions v>y greatly 9 diff]5t subjects1 & also accord+ to ! /ate ( di/5sion ( ! organ4 ,:5 mod]ately fill$1 its l5g? is ab\t t5 to twelve in*es1 & its diamet] at its wide/ "p f f\r to five in*es4 ,x weighs :5 fre$ f o!r p>ts ab\t f\r & a half ounces 9 ! male & some:at less 9 ! female4 ,! /ructure ( ! /oma* consi/s ( f\r coats--a s]\s1 a muscul>1 an areol>1 & a muc\s coat4 ,! ext]nal or s]\s coat is d]iv$ f ! p]itoneum4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( muscul> fib]s--longitud9al1 circul>1 & oblique1 & ! int]nal muc\s l9+ is a r ?ick]1 s(t1 smoo?1 pulpy membrane1 ly+ 9 ridges or rug1 & conta9+ a l>ge numb] ( gl&s--tubul> or ga/ric gl&s1 & ano!r v>iety ( gl& call$ peptic1 besides o!rs4 ,:ile ! /oma* conta9s no food1 & is inactive1 no ga/ric fluid is secret$2 & mucus1 :i* is ei!r neutral or slightly alkal9e1 cov]s its surface4 ,b imm$iately on ! introduction ( food into ! /oma*1 ! muc\s membrane1 previ\sly q pale1 becomes slightly turgid & r$d5$ ) ! influx ( a l>ge quantity ( blood2 ! ga/ric gl&s comm5ce secret+ actively1 & an acid fluid is p\r$ out 9 m9ute drops1 :i* gradually run toge!r & fl[ d[n ! walls ( ! /oma*1 or soak into ! sub/ance introduc$4 ,! quantity ( ?is fluid secret$ daily has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$2 b ! av]age = a heal?y adult has be5 assum$ to range f t5 to tw5ty p9ts 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! specific gravity ( ga/ric juice has be5 f\nd to diff] little f t ( wat]1 v>y+ f #a4jja to #a4jaj1 & ! am\nts ( solid pres5t to be v small1 viz41 ab\t #ef p] c5t4 ,! *emical composition ( ga/ric juice is3 ,wat]1 #iid4dj ,solids1 #e4ei ,f]m5t1 peps91 & a trace ( ammonia1 #c4ai ,hydro*loric acid1 #j4bj ,solids1 ,*loride ( calcium1 #j4jf 11 11 sodium #a4df 11 11 potassium1 #j4ee ,phosphate ( lime1 magnesia1 & iron1 #j4ab ,on />* ga/ric juice p] se has no effect :atev]1 nor has heal?y ga/ric juice any effect on grape sug> or cane sug>4 ,on fats ga/ric juice is p[]less4 ,! ess5tial prop]ty ( ga/ric juice is ! p[] ( dissolv+ proteid matt]s 7meats1 album5s1 nitrog5\s sub/ances71 & conv]t+ !m into a sub/ance call$ peptones4 ,ga/ric juice ?us readily dissolves coagulat$ proteids :i* o!rwise are insoluble1 or soluble only ) difficulty 9 v /rong acids4 ,c]ta9 conditions are requir$ = ! p]fection ( ! process1 :i* are all f\nd 9 ! /oma*4 ,! fir/ is a temp]ature ( #ajj ,f4 ,second1 m9ute division & con/ant movem5t favor dige/ion4 ,?ird1 ! great] ! surface pres5t$ to ! action ( ! juice1 ! m rapid ! solution4 ,neutralization ( ! juice :olly arre/s dige/ion4 ,! dige/ive action ( ga/ric juice on proteids1 l t ( saliva on />*1 is a f]m5t action2 9 o!r words1 ! solv5t action ( ga/ric juice is ess5tially due to ! pres5ce 9 x ( a f]m5t body call$ peps94 ,! g5]al effect ( dige/ion ( ! /oma* is ! conv]sion ( food into *yme1 a sub/ance ( v>i\s compositions accord+ to ! nature ( ! food1 yet always pres5t+ a *>act]i/ic ?ick pultace\s grum\s consi/5ce4 ,! small inte/9es comm5ce at ! pylorus & aft] _m convolutions t]m9ate 9 ! l>ge inte/9es4 ,!y measure on an av]age ab\t tw5ty feet 9 l5g? 9 ! adult4 ,= conv5i5ce !y h be5 divid$ into ?ree p>ts--! duod5um1 :i* ext5ds f eight to t5 in*es beyond ! pylorus2 ! jejunum1 :i* occupies two-fif?s1 & ! ilium1 :i* occupies ?ree-fif?s1 ( ! re/ ( ! canal4 ,! muc\s membrane1 ! int]ior coat1 is ! mo/ important to ! function ( dige/ion4 ,!re are p]man5t folds1 %elf-l processes1 ( ! muc\s membrane1 call$ valvul> conniv5tes4 ,!re are also villi & gl&s1 z ! gl&s ( ,lieb]khn1 ( ,pey]1 & ( ,brun]4 ,! gl&s ( ,lieb]khn are ?ickly di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! l>ge & small inte/9es4 ,! gl&s ( ,pey] are exclusively 9 ! small inte/9e4 ,!y are f\nd 9 greate/ abundance 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ileum ne> to ! ileo-ccal valve4 ,!y are met ) 9 two conditions1 viz41 ei!r scatt]$ s+ly1 9 :i* case !y are t]m$ gl&ul solitair1 or aggregat$ 9 gr\ps v>y+ f "o to ?ree in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t half an in* 9 wid?1 *iefly ( an oval =m1 _! long axes p>allel ) t ( ! inte/9es4 ,9 ?is /ate !y are nam$ gl&ul agm9at4 ,! latt] are almo/ always plac$ opposite ! atta*m5t ( ! mes5t]y4 ,9 /ructure !y are analog\s to lymphatics or absorb5t gl&s1 & _! (fice is to take up c]ta9 mat]ials f ! *yle1 elaborate !m1 & subsequ5tly dis*>ge !m into ! lacteals1 ) :i* vessels !y appe> to be closely connect$4 ,brun]'s gl&s are conf9$ to ! duod5um2 !y are mo/ abundant & ?ickly set at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is portion ( ! inte/9es1 & are provid$ ) p]man5t gl& ducts4 ,! villi are conf9$ exclusively to ! muc\s membrane ( ! small inte/9es4 ,!y are m9ute vascul> processes1 f a qu>t] ( a l9e to a l9e & two-?irds 9 l5g?4 ,!re are ab\t fifty to n9ety 9 numb] to a squ>e l9e4 ,ea* villus consi/s ( a small projection ( muc\s membrane1 & its int]ior is support$ ?r\gh\t by f9e reti=m or ad5oid tissue4 ,two or m art]ies are di/ribut$ to ea* villus1 & f _! capill>ies1 :i* =m a d5se network1 proce$ "o or two small ve9s1 :i* pass out at ! base ( ! villus4 ,! lacteal vessels ent] ! base ( ea* villus1 & pass+ up 9 ! middle ext5d ne>ly to ! top1 :]e x ends commonly by a clos$ & some:at dilat$ extremity4 ,! (fice ( ! villi is ! absorption ( *yle f ! completely dige/$ food ( ! inte/9es4 ,! l>ge inte/9e ext5ds f ! t]m9ation ( ! ileum to ! anus4 ,x is usually ab\t five to six feet 9 l5g?1 be+ ab\t "o-fif? ( ! :ole l5g? ( ! inte/9al canal4 ,! l>ge inte/9e is con/ruct$ ( f\r coats l ^? ( ! /oma* & small inte/9es1 namely1 ! s]\s1 ! muscul>1 ! areol> or submuc\s1 & ! muc\s4 ,x is divid$ into ! asc5d+ colon1 transv]se & desc5d+ colon1 & rectum & anus4 ,! ccum is a %ort wide p\*1 communicat+ ) ! l[] end ( ! small inte/9es ?r\gh an op5+ gu>d$ by ! ileo-ccal valve4 ,! app5dix v]mi=mis is atta*$ to ! ccum4 ,! colon comm5ces at ! "r gro91 asc5ds to ! liv]1 =ms ! hepatic flexure1 !n crosses transv]sely f "r to left to ! sple51 =ms ! spl5ic flexure1 desc5ds to ! left gro91 =ms ! sigmoid flexure1 passes ?r\gh ! pelvis z ! rectum1 & t]m9ates at ! anus4 ,! muc\s membrane ( ! l>ge inte/9es1 l t ( ! small inte/9es1 is l9$ ?r\gh\t by column> epi!lium1 b unlike x1 is q de/itute ( villi & is n project$ 9 ! =m ( valvul> conniv5tes4 ,! p]itoneum1 or s]\s membrane ( ! abdom9al cavity1 is by f> ! mo/ ext5sive & complicat$ ( s]\s membranes4 ,l ! o!rs1 x may be consid]$ to =m a %ut sac1 on ! outside ( :i* are plac$ ! visc]a1 :i* x cov]s4 ,! p]itoneum =ms ! mes5t]ies & om5ta = ! /oma*1 small & l>ge inte/9es1 & ligam5ts = ! liv]1 sple51 ut]us1 & bladd]4 ,! liv] is a v important gl&ul> organ1 v con/ant 9 ! animal s]ies1 be+ f\nd 9 all ! v]tebrates1 &1 9 a m or less develop$ condition1 9 mo/ inv]tebrate tribes4 ,x secretes bile1 & appe>s to act ^u ! blood :i* is transmitt$ ?r\gh x4 ,! liv] is ! l>ge/ gl& 9 ! body1 & by f> ! mo/ bulky ( ! abdom9al visc]a4 ,x measures f t5 to twelve in*es transv]sely f "r to left1 betwe5 six & sev5 in*es f its po/]ior to its ant]ior bord]1 & ab\t ?ree & a half in*es f above d[nw>ds :]e ?icke/1 :i* is t[>ds ! "r & po/]ior "p4 ,! av]age bulk is ab\t eighty-eight cubic in*es4 ,! ord9>y weight 9 ! adult is betwe5 #ej to #fj ounces1 ab\t "o-?irtie? ( ! weight ( ! :ole body4 ,! liv] is solid to ! feel1 & ( a dull r$di%-br[n color1 ) frequ5tly a d>k-purpli% t+e along ! m>g94 ,x has an upp] surface smoo? & convex1 & an "u surface :i* is unev5 & concave4 ,! liv] is divid$ into two unequal lobes1 a "r & a left1 & on ! "u surface ( ! "r lobe are ?ree second>y lobes or lobules1 nam$ ! lobe ( ,spigolius1 ! caudate or tail$ lobe1 & ! squ>e lobe4 ,x has five fissures or foss1 describ$ z ! transv]se or portal2 ! umbilical fissure & ! fissure ( ! ductus v5osus1 toge!r =m+ ! longitud9al fissure2 ! fossa ( ! v5a cava1 & ! fossa ( ! gall bladd]4 ,x is held 9 position by five ligam5ts =m$ by lay]s ( p]itoneum4 ,! liv] is situat$ on ! "r side ( ! body "u ! diaphragm4 ,! convex surface is protect$1 on ! "r by ! six or sev5 l[] ribs1 & 9 front by ! c>tilages ( ! same1 & by ! ensi=m c>tilage1 ! diaphragm ( c\rse be+ int]pos$4 ,to ! left ( ! longitud9al fissure ! liv] is 9 contact ) ! pyloric extremity & ant]ior surface ( ! /oma*1 on :i* x moves freely4 ,:5 ! /oma* is q empty1 ! left "p ( ?is surface ( ! liv] may ov]lap ! c>diac end ( t organ4 ,to ! "r ( ! longitud9al fissure ! liv] re/s ^u ! fir/ "p ( ! duod5um & ! hepatic flexure ( ! colon4 ,f>!r back x is 9 contact ) ! upp] "p ( ! "r kidney & supr>5al capsule4 ,! two blood-vessels :i* supply ! liv] are ! hepatic art]y & ! v5a porta4 ,! hepatic ve9 conveys ! blood away f ! liv]4 ,! lymphatics ( ! liv] are l>ge & num]\s1 =m+ a deep & a sup]ficial set4 ,! n]ves are d]iv$ p>tly f ! coeliac plexus & p>tly f ! pneumoga/ric n]ve1 especially f ! left pneumoga/ric4 ,! excretory app>atus ( ! liv] consi/s ( ! hepatic duct1 ! cy/ic duct1 gall bladd]1 & common bile duct4 ,! hepatic duct is =m$ by ! union ( a "r & left bran*1 :i* issue f ! bottom ( ! transv]se fissure & unite at a v obtuse angle2 x desc5ds to ! "r1 )9 ! ga/ro-hepatic om5tum4 ,its diamet] is ne>ly two l9es1 & its l5g? ne>ly two in*es4 ,at its l[] end x meets ! cy/ic desc5d+ f ! gall bladd]1 & ! ducts unit+ toge!r at an angle =m ! common bile duct4 ,! cy/ic duct is ab\t "o & a half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! gall bladd] is a pe>-%ap$ membran\s sac1 ?ree or f\r in*es long1 ab\t an in* & a half across its wide/ "p1 & capable ( conta9+ f #h to #ab fluid dra*ms4 ,! gall bladd] is atta*$ to ! liv]4 ,! neck1 gradually n>r[+1 becom+ con/rict$1 b5ds d[nw>d1 & t]m9ates 9 ! cy/ic duct4 ,! common bile duct 7ductus communis *ol$icus71 ! l>ge/ ( ! ducts1 be+ f two to ?ree l9es 9 wid?1 & ne>ly ?ree in*es long1 conveys ! bile f ! liv] & ! gall bladd] into ! duod5um by a common orifice1 ) ! pancreatic duct on its inn] surface1 ab\t ?ree to f\r in*es bel[ ! pylorus4 ,! liv] is an extremely vascul> organ1 & receives its blood supply f two di/9ct vessels1 ! portal ve9 & ! hepatic art]y1 :ile ! blood is return$ f x into ! inf]ior v5a cava by ! hepatic ve94 ,its secretion1 ! bile1 is convey$ f x by ! hepatic duct1 ei!r directly into ! inte/9es1 or1 :5 dige/ion is n go+ on1 into ! cy/ic duct1 & !nce into ! gall bladd]1 :]e x accumulates until requir$4 ,! portal ve91 hepatic art]y1 & hepatic duct bran* toge!r ?r\gh\t ! liv]1 :ile ! hepatic ve9 & its tribut>ies run by !mselves4 ,at ! transv]se fissure x is m]g$ into ! areol> inve/m5t call$ ,glisson's capsule1 :i* surr\nds ! portal ve91 hepatic art]y1 & hepatic duct1 z !y ent] at ?is "p1 & accompanies !m 9 _! bran*es ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! liv]4 ,! liv] is made up ( small r\ndi% or oval portions call$ lobules1 ea* ( :i* is ab\t #a_/bj ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & compos$ ( m9ute bran*es ( ! portal ve91 hepatic art]y1 hepatic duct1 & hepatic ve92 :ile ! int]/ices ( ^! vessels are fill$ by liv] cells4 ,^! cells1 :i* make up a great portion ( ! sub/ance ( ! organ1 are ( r\nd$ or polygonal =m2 ab\t #a_/hjj to #a_/ajjj ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! function ( ! liv] is ! secretion ( bile4 ,! bile is a some:at viscid fluid ( a yell[1 or gre5i%-yell[1 color1 a /rongly bitt] ta/e1 & :5 fre% a sc>cely p]ceptible odor4 ,x has a neutral or slightly alkal9e reaction1 & its specific gravity is #a4jbj4 ,! composition ( human bile is3 ,wat]1 #hei4b ,solids1 #adj4h ------- #a1jjj ,! solids are3 ,bili>y acids comb9$ ) alkalies 7bil971 #ia4e ,fat1 #i4b ,*ole/r91 #b4f ,mucus & color+ matt]1 #bi4h ,salts1 #g4g ----- #adj4h ,bile is di/+ui%$ f ! o!r alim5t>y secretions by ! entire abs5ce ( proteids4 ,! *emical composition ( bil91 z comp>$ ) ! organic p>ts ( blood1 is3 ,c>b4 ,hyd4 ,nitr4 ,oxy4 ,sul4 ,bil9 atoms1 #gf #ff #b #bb ,blood1 #dh #cf #f #ad ,biliv]d91 #af #bj #b #e ,color+ matt]1 ,glyco*olic acid1 #bf #dc #a #f ,tauro*olic acid1 #bf #de #a #g #a ,!re seems to be "s relation%ip betwe5 ! color+ matt]s ( ! blood & bile2 & x may be add$1 betwe5 ^! & t ( ! ur9e also2 s t x is possible !y may be1 all ( !m1 v>ieties ( ! same pigm5t1 or d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,! quantity ( bile dis*>g$ into ! inte/9es is e/imat$ to be ab\t ?irty to =ty ounces secret$ by an adult man 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! purposes s]v$ by ! secretion ( bile may be consid]$ to be ( two pr9cipal k9ds1 viz41 excrem5titi\s & dige/ive4 ,z an excrem5titi\s sub/ance1 ! bile s]ves especially z a m$ium = ! sep>ation ( excess ( c>bon & hydrog5 f ! blood4 ,?\gh "o ( ! *ief purposes ( ! secretion ( bile may appe> to be ! purification ( ! blood by ultimate excretion1 yet !re are _m reasons = believ+ t :ile x is 9 ! inte/9es x p]=ms an important "p 9 ! process ( dige/ion4 ,bile has a slight solv5t action on fats1 & only a slight emulsify+ p[]4 ,its functions g5]ally may be consid]$ ?us3 #a4 ,x assi/s 9 emulsify+ fatty portions ( food1 ?us r5d]+ !m capable ( be+ absorb$ by ! lacteals4 #b4 ,bile facilitates ! absorption ( fatty matt]4 #c4 ,bile1 l ! ga/ric fluid1 has a /rongly antiseptic p[]1 & may s]ve to prev5t ! decomposition ( food dur+ ! "t ( its soj\rn 9 ! inte/9es4 #d4 ,bile has be5 consid]$ to act z a natural purgative1 by prompt+ an increas$ secretion ( ! inte/9al gl&s4 #e4 ,ano!r v important function appe>s to be t ( s act+ ^u c]ta9 con/itu5ts ( ! blood pass+ ?r\gh x1 z to r5d] "s ( !m capable ( assimilation ) blood g5]ally1 & to prep>e o!rs = be+ duly elim9at$ 9 ! process ( respiration4 #f4 ,an important influ5ce seems also to be ex]t$ by ! liv] ^u ! sac*>9e matt]s d]iv$ f ! alim5t>y canal4 ,! *ief purpose ( ! sac*>9e & amylace\s pr9ciples ( food is1 9 relation to respiration & ! production ( animal heat4 ,! pancreas is a long1 n>r[1 flatt5$ gl& ( a r$di%-cream color1 l>g] at "o end ?an at ! o!r1 & ly+ beh9d ! /oma* opposite ! fir/ lumb> v]tebra4 ,x is usually f #f to #h in*es long1 ab\t #a #a_/b in* 9 av]age wid?1 & #a_/b to #a in* 9 ?ickness4 ,x weighs ab\t #b #a_/d to #c #a_/b ounces4 ,its pr9cipal excretory duct is call$ ! pancreatic duct1 & runs ?r\gh ! entire l5g? ( ! gl& f left to "r4 ,! duct op5s 9 a common orifice ) ! ductus communis *ol$icus on ! inn] surface ( ! duod5um ab\t #d in*es bel[ ! pylorus4 ,heal?y pancreatic juice is a cle>1 viscid fluid1 fro?+ :5 %ak54 ,x has a v decid$ alkal9e reaction4 ,! pancreas 9 its m9ute anatomy closely resembles ! saliv>y gl&s2 & ! fluid elaborat$ by x appe>s almo/ id5tical ) saliva4 ,! composition ( pancreatic juice is3 ,wat]1 #ihj4de ,solids1 #ai4ee ,! solids are3 ,pancreatic1 #ab4ga ,inorganic bases & salts1 #f4hd ----- #ai4ee ,action ( pancreatic juice4 7#a7 ,x acts on />* raw & boil$ ) great en]gy1 rapidly conv]t+ x into grape sug>4 7#b7 ,on proteids 7meats7 x also ex]cises a solv5t action1 s f> simil> to t ( ga/ric juice t by x ! proteids are conv]t$ into peptones4 7#c7 ,on fats pancreatic juice has a tw(old action3 x emulsifies !m1 & x splits up neutral fats into _! respective acids & glyc]9e4 ,?us pancreatic juice is rem>kable = ! p[] x possesses ( act+ on all food-/uffs--on />*1 fats1 & proteids4 ,succus ent]icus 7inte/9al juice74 ,! precise action ( ?is is n kn[n4 ,x has be5 said to act ^u />*1 to conv]t proteids into peptones1 & to emulsify fats4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ea* ( ^! actions has be5 d5i$4 ,! portal sy/em ( ve9s4 ,! portal ve91 or v5a porta1 collects ! blood f ! /oma*1 inte/9es1 pancreas1 & sple52 & c>ries x to ! liv]1 f :i* ! bile is secret$2 ramify+ aft] ! mann] ( an art]y 9 ! sub/ance ( ! liv] & convey+ to ! capill>ies ( t organ ! blood collect$ 9 ! ma9 trunk4 ,?is blood1 toge!r ) t ( ! hepatic art]y1 aft] hav+ s]v$ = ! secretion ( ! bile & ! n\ri%m5t ( ! liv]1 is )drawn f t organ by ! hepatic ve9s1 & c>ri$ by !m into ! v5a cava inf]ior4 ,dige/ion beg9s at ! m\?4 ,food is ma/icat$ by ! movem5t ( ! l[] jaw1 brok5 into small pieces1 moi/5$ by ! saliva1 & />*y sub/ances are conv]t$ into sug>4 ,no *ange takes place dur+ ! rapid transit ?r\gh ! sophagus4 ,9 ! /oma* ! proteids are act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice & conv]t$ into peptones4 ,fats rema9 un*ang$1 & sug>s are n act$ ^u4 ,:ile ^! *anges are proce$+1 ! ?ick grayi% liquid1 or *yme1 =m$ by ! imp]fectly dissolv$ food1 is f "t to "t eject$ ?r\gh ! pylorus1 accompani$ ev5 by l>ge morsels ( solid less dige/$ matt]4 ,?is may occur )9 a few m9utes ( food hav+ be5 tok51 b ! l>g] escape f ! /oma* probably does n beg9 till f "o to two & la/s f f\r to five h\rs aft] ! meal1 becom+ m rapid t[>ds ! end1 su* pieces z mo/ resi/ ! ga/ric juice be+ ! la/ to leave ! /oma*4 ,sub/ances c be absorb$ f ! cavity ( ! /oma* into ! circulation4 ,! presumption is1 t ! diffusible sug>s & peptones pass by osmosis direct into ! capill>ies1 & s into ! ga/ric ve9s4 ,9 ! small inte/9es ! semi-dige/$ food1 or *yme1 z x passes ! bili>y orifice causes a gu% ( bile1 & at ! same "t ! pancreatic juice :i* fl[s freely into ! inte/9e at ! tak+ ( ! meal1 is secret$ aga9 ) r5ew$ vigor1 :5 ! ga/ric dige/ion is complet$4 ,! conv]sion ( />* into sug>1 :i* may h langui%$ 9 ! /oma*1 is resum$ ) great activity by ! pancreatic juice4 ,! pancreatic juice emulsifies fats1 & also splits !m into _! respective fatty acids & glyc]9e1 & ! bile is able to a c]ta9 ext5t to saponify ! free fatty acids4 ,x also appe>s t ! slight emulsify+ p[] ( ! bile is mu* increas$ by ! pres5ce ( soap2 & z a matt] ( fact1 ! bile & pancreatic juice d l>gely emulsify ! cont5ts ( ! small inte/9es1 s t ! grayi% turbid *yme is *ang$ into a creamy-look+ fluid1 :i* has be5 call$ *yle4 ,^! products z !y are =m$ pass into ! lacteals or ! portal blood-vessels4 ,?r\gh ! l>ge inte/9e pass (f indige/ible or undige/$ con/itu5ts ( ! meal1 & ! gases g5]at$4 ,absorption takes place f ! /oma*1 & occurs along ! c\rse ( ! small & l>ge inte/9es1 especially ( wat]4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ important "p ( ! dige/$ mat]ial passes away f ! canal dur+ ! transit ( food along ! small inte/9es1 p>tly into ! lacteals1 p>tly into ! portal ve94 ,dige/ion be+1 broadly speak+1 ! conv]sion ( non-diffusible proteids & />* into highly diffusible peptones & sug>1 & ! emulsify+1 or division into m9ute p>ticles1 ( v>i\s fats1 x is natural to suppose t ! diffusible peptones & sug>s pass by osmosis into ! blood-vessels1 & t ! emulsifi$ fats pass into ! lacteals4 ,t ! great mass ( ! fat :i* ent]s ! body f ! inte/9es passes ?r\gh ! lacteals1 !re c be no d\bt2 & !re is b little d\bt t a consid]able quantity ( peptone & sug> does pass into ! portal blood4 ,*yle is a :ite milky-look+ fluid1 :i* aft] its escape coagulates1 =m+ a n v firm clot4 ,! nature ( ! coagulation seems to be exactly ! same z t ( blood4 ,lymph seems to be blood m9us r$ corpuscles1 & *yle is lymph plus a v l>ge quantity ( m9utely divid$ fats4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t a quantity equal to t ( ! :ole blood may pass ?r\gh ! ?oracic duct 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ( ?is x is suppos$ t ab\t half comes f food ?r\gh ! lacteals1 ! rema9d] f ! body at l>ge2 b ^! calculations are bas$ on unc]ta9 data4 ,entrance ( *yle into ! lacteals4 ,! lacteals beg9 at a club-%ap$ lymphatic space ly+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! villus1 & connect$ ) ! small] lymphatic spaces ( ! ad5oid tissue ar\nd x2 x op5s bel[ into ! submuc\s lymphatic plexus f :i* ! lacteals spr+4 ,! ?oracic duct is ! common trunk :i* receives ! absorb5ts f bo? ! l[] limbs1 f ! abdom9al visc]a1 f ! walls ( ! abdom51 f ! left side ( ! ?orax1 left lung1 left side ( ! he>t1 & left upp] limbs1 & f ! left side ( ! head & neck4 ,x is f fifte5 to eighte5 in*es long 9 ! adult1 & ext5ds f ! second lumb> v]tebra to ! root ( ! neck4 ,at ! la/ dorsal v]tebra !re is usually a dilation ( ! duct1 ( v>iable size1 :i* is call$ ! receptaculum *yli1 & is ! common place ( junction ( ! lymphatics ( ! l[] limbs & ! trunks ( ! lacteal vessels4 ,!re are two sets ( absorb5t vessels--! lacteals1 :i* convey ! *yle f ! alim5t>y canal to ! ?oracic duct2 & ! lymphatics1 :i* take up ! lymph f all ! o!r p>ts ( ! body & return x into ! v5\s sy/em4 ,!re is a "r lymphatic duct1 ab\t a qu>t] to a half in* 9 l5g?1 :i* receives ! lymph f ! absorb5ts ( ! "r upp] limb1 ! "r side ( ! head & neck1 ! "r side ( ! *e/1 ! "r lung & ! "r half ( ! he>t1 & ! upp] surface ( ! liv]4 ,! ?oracic duct t]m9ates on ! out] side ( ! int]nal jugul> ve91 9 ! angle =m$ by ! union ( t ve9 ) ! subclavian1 & ! subclavian empties itself 9 ! sup]ior v5a cava4 ,lymphatics & lacteals are furni%$ ) valves s]v+ ! same (fice z ^? ( ! ve9s1 & = ! mo/ "p con/ruct$ aft] ! same fa%ion4 ,lymph & *yle1 unlike ! blood1 pass only 9 "o direction1 namely1 f ! f9e bran*es to ! trunk & s to ! l>ge ve9s1 on ent]+ :i* !y are m+l$ ) ! /ream ( blood & =m "p ( its con/itu5ts4 ,9 "s "p ( _! c\rse all lymphatic vessels pass ?r\gh c]ta9 bodies call$ lymphatic gl&s4 ,analysis ( lymph & *yle3 ,lymph4 ,lymph f ,*yle f ,?oracic ,duct4 ! ,lacteals4 ,wat]1 #icg4cb #ici4gj #ijb4cg ,fibr9e1 #j4eie #aj4fj #c4gj ,album51 #db4gge #ch4hc #ce4af ,fat1 #f4ea a little #cf4ja ,extractive ,matt]1 #e4je ,salts1 #g4ge #aj4hg #bb4gf ------ ------- ------- #ajjj4 #ajjj4 #ajjj4 ,*yle hav+ rea*$ ! lymphatic *annels1 its onw>d progress is det]m9$ by a v>iety ( circum/ances4 ,putt+ aside ! pump+ action ( ! villi1 ! same ev5ts :i* cause ! movem5t ( ! lymph g5]ally1 also fur!r ! fl[ ( ! *yle1 & ^! are briefly z foll[s3 #a4 ,! wide-spread pres5ce ( valves 9 ! lymphatic vessels causes e pressure ex]cis$ on ! tissues 9 :i* !y lie1 to assi/ 9 ! propulsion =w>d ( ! lymph4 #b4 ,consid]+ ! :ole lymphatic sy/em z a set ( bran*+ tubes pass+ f ! extravascul> regions j outside ! small art]ies & ve9s & capill>ies1 to ! l>ge v5\s trunks1 x is obvi\s t ! mean pressure ( ! blood 9 ! subclavian at ! junction ) ! jugul> is ! cause ( ! movem5t1 etc41 assi/$ p]haps by ! respiratory movem5ts1 & o!r causes1 z osmosis1 etc4 ,! av]age quantity ( solid fecal matt] evacuat$ by ! human adult 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is ab\t five ounces2 an unc]ta9 proportion ( :i* consi/s simply ( ! undige/$ or *emically modifi$ residue ( ! food1 & ! rema9d] ( c]ta9 matt]s :i* are excret$ 9 ! inte/9al canal4 ,gases conta9$ 9 ! /oma* & inte/9es4 ,! s\rces ( ! gases conta9$ 9 ! /oma* & b[els may be enum]at$3 #a4 ,air introduc$ 9 ! act ( swall[+ ei!r food or saliva4 #b4 ,gas develop$ by ! decomposition ( alim5t>y matt]1 or ( ! secretions & excretions m+l$ ) x 9 ! /oma* & inte/9es4 #c4 ,x is probable t a c]ta9 mutual int]*ange occurs betwe5 ! gases conta9$ 9 ! alim5t>y canal1 & ^? pres5t 9 ! blood ( ! ga/ric & inte/9al blood-vessels4 ,! movem5t ( ! inte/9es is p]i/altic or v]micul>1 & is effect$ by ! alt]nate contractions & dilatations ( successive portions ( ! inte/9al coats4 ,! contractions1 :i* may comm5ce at any po9t ( ! inte/9e1 ext5d 9 a wavelike mann] along ! tube4 ,?is is due to ! involunt>y longitud9al & circul> muscul> fib]s contract+ successively f above d[nw>ds & f beh9d =w>ds1 etc4 ,! movem5ts take place sl[ly1 & 9 heal? are commonly unp]ceiv$ by ! m9d1 b !y are p]ceptible :5 !y are accel]at$ "u ! influ5ce ( any irritation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,elem5t>y ,,sub/ances4 ,we h ?us f> discov]$ t ?is t]re/rial globe is compos$ ( sixty-f\r elem5t>y sub/ances2 t fifty belong to a class call$ metals1 & ! rema9+ f\rte5 are non-metallic & are call$ metalloids4 ,we "k ) absolute c]ta9ty ! elem5t>y *emical composition ( all ! sub/ances kn[n to man2 ev]y?+ )9 ! rea* ( man has be5 analyz$1 :e!r ( inorganic or ( organic orig94 ,we also "k ! pr9cipal elem5ts t ent] into ! composition ( organic sub/ances1 animal or vegetable4 ,b a ?+ t is n g5]ally kn[n is ! wond]ful role c]ta9 elem5ts play 9 nature1 especially 9 ! life ( plants & animals4 ,if we exam9e ! extraord9>y display ( comb9ation or composition ( "s ( ! elem5ts--especially ^? t ent] into ! composition ( organic sub/ances--we %all f9d h[ few ( ^! elem5ts are ess5tial = ! production ( life1 & its ma9t5ance2 & we %all be surpris$ to f9d :at =ce or p[]1 & ph5om5a1 !y are capable ( produc+4 ,we %all be surpris$ to see h[ nicely & delicately ^! elem5t>y compositions are adju/$--) :at precision ! elem5ts ent] into comb9ation ) ea* o!r--& ) :at a/oni%+ result4 ,! union ( ! elem5ts t ent] into ! composition ( liv+ matt]1 mu/ always be v accurately balanc$1 to insure a heal?y or normal condition ( ei!r plant or animal4 ,a v slight deviation or *ange may prove ei!r injuri\s or de/ructive to ! liv+ organism4 ,9 ord] to obviate writ+ ! names ( ! elem5ts1 we propose to use symbols4 ,! elem5t>y sub/ances t ent] into ! composition ( liv+ matt] be+ few1 x w n be difficult to recognize ! mean+ ( ! symbols4 ,! f\r vital elem5ts m5tion$ 9 a previ\s *apt] are ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,nitrog54 ,oxyg54 ,symbols3 ,c ,h ,n ,o ,! atmosph]e we brea!1 = example1 is :at is call$ a *emical mixture1 & is compos$ ( ,o#bb,n#gg1 ) traces ( ammonia1 etc4 ,! wat] we dr9k is a *emical composition1 & is con/itut$ by ,o ,h#b4 ,! numb] plac$ aga9/ ea* elem5t indicates ! quantity ( ea* "o requisite1 or f\nd1 9 ! composition1 or *emical comb9ation1 ( ! sub/ance indicat$4 ,take wat] = example4 ,o#a 7"o7 & ,h#b 7two71 t repres5ts a *emical comp\nd4 ,x is mo/ abundant1 & is by f> ! mo/ ess5tial1 9 ! =mation ( organic life4 ,air1 wat]1 fire1 are repres5t$ by ! f\r elem5ts ,c ,h ,n ,o4 ,e p[]1 e =ce kn[n to man is dep5d5t ^u ^!4 ,e k9d ( life is made up ( ^!4 ,( e ph5om5on manife/$ by nature1 :atev] ! display may be or :]e x may occur1 ^! elem5ts are ! fundam5tal basis4 ,protoplasm1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be ! base ( physical life1 is no?+ m ?an a homog5e\s mass ( album9\s matt] :i* is compos$ ( ,c ,h ,n ,o--) a great] or less quantity ( ea* ( ^! elem5ts4 ,^! elem5ts ent] into ! =mation ( all gases1 fluids1 & solids4 ,!y are invisible at "o "t & visible at ano!r4 ,)\t ta/e or color or odor 9 a free /ate1 or ev5 9 comb9ation1 !y assume ta/e1 color1 & odor :5 ! elem5ts comb9e 9 c]ta9 proportions4 ,!y become ei!r h>mless or poison\s2 create1 ma9ta91 or de/roy life4 ,oxyg5 is a ta/eless1 colorless1 & inodor\s gas4 ,hydrog5 is a colorless1 ta/eless1 & inodor\s gas4 ,nitrog5 is de/itute ( color1 ta/e1 or odor4 ,c>bon is a solid b becomes gase\s 9 comb9ation ) ei!r ,oxyg5 or ,hydrog54 ,! diamond is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable sub/ances kn[n4 ,x is always di/9ctly cry/alliz$1 (t5 q transp>5t & colorless1 n[ & !n hav+ a %ade ( yell[1 p9k1 or blue4 ,c>bon is also f\nd z graphite or plumbago4 ,x con/itutes a l>ge proportion ( all organic /ructures1 animal & vegetable4 ,pure c>bon1 diamond1 is ! h>de/ sub/ance kn[n4 ,9 comb9ation ) ,oxyg5 & ,hydrog5 x =ms ! s(te/ ( liv+ matt]1 protoplasm4 ,9 comb9ation ) ,oxyg5 x is poison\s to all animal life1 & b5eficial to vegetable life4 ,comb9$ ) ,hydrog51 x =ms ! gas we burn1 & is de/ructive to animal life4 ,x is ! food-mak] 9 ! plant1 & x is ! food-provid] = ! animal4 ,x is ! combu/ive ag5t 9 nature1 9 vegetables & 9 animals4 ,f a ?und]/orm to a flick]+ flame ( a c&le1 c>bon displays its p[]4 ,f ! smalle/ & l[lie/ aquatic vegetable cell to ! highe/ animal cell tissue1 x is ! important solidify+1 heat-giv+ elem5t4 ,^! elem5ts :5 free h nei!r color1 odor1 nor ta/e4 ,comb9$1 h[ev]1 !y acquire odor1 ta/e1 & color4 ,o & ,n1 ! atmosph]e1 has no color1 ta/e1 or odor4 ,o & ,h1 wat]1 has no color1 ta/e1 or odor4 ,n & ,h1 ammonia1 has color1 ta/e1 & odor4 ,o & ,c is giv5 (f by animals1 tak5 9 by vegetables--c>bonic acid4 ,c & ,h1 ! gas1 has ta/e1 odor1 & color4 ,n & ,o produce a gas--laugh+ gas4 ,any two ( ^! elem5ts may comb9e 9 ! =m ( a gas1 a liquid1 or a solid4 ,& any "o may comb9e ) any o!r elem5t kn[n & =m a sub/ance1 a molecule4 ,o comb9es ) all ! elem5ts kn[n4 ,h 11 11 _m4 ,n 11 11 "s4 ,c 11 11 _m4 ,two elem5ts =m a sub/ance4 ,?ree elem5ts =m vegetable life4 ,f\r elem5ts =m animal life4 ,common salt is us$ daily ) our food2 is h>mless & useful2 x is kn[n z ! *loride ( sodium4 ,by analysis ?is comp\nd is sep>at$1 analyz$1 into *lor9e & sodium4 ,na /&s = sodium1 & ,cl = *lor9e4 ,comb9e ,cl ) ,h4 ,t =ms hydro*loric acid1 a /rong poison1 /rong en\gh to dissolve m>ble4 ,cl has little attraction = ,o4 ,its *emical en]gies are pr9cipally ex]t$ t[>d hydrog5 & ! metals4 ,cl is "o ( ! be/ dis9fectants1 & makes excell5t blea*+ mat]ial4 ,na 7sodium7 comb9es ) ,o1 & ,h1 & ,c4 ,^! are "s ( ! comb9ations3 ,na ,cl common salt4 ,cl ,h hydro*loric acid1 a poison4 ,o ,na ,h cau/ic soda4 ,na#b ,n ,o#c ,*ili saltpetre4 ,na#b ,c ,o#c sodium1 c>bonate1 etc4 ,phosphorus & sulphur & o!r elem5ts ent] into comb9ation ) ,oxyg5 & ,hydrog54 ,bo? phosphorus 7,p7 & sulphur 7,s7 ent] into organic life1 b play a subord9ate role4 ,! vegetable cell conta9s liquid1 solid1 & air4 ,! gr[+1 vitally active cells are fill$ ) liquid1 namely ,o & ,h1 *>g$ ) m or less nutritive assimilat$ matt]s1 ,c1 etc4 ,sap--! liquid :i* is imbib$ by ! roots & c>ri$ upw>ds by ! /em--?is is ! wat] impregnat$ ) c]ta9 gase\s matt] d]iv$ f ! air1 & m9ute portions ( e>?y matt] dissolv$ f ! soil "u ! influ5ce ( light4 ,sap elaborat$--f ?is we obta9 ! t]n>y sub/ances compos$ ( ?ree elem5ts1 ,o ,c ,h2 also sub/ances compos$ ( f\r elem5ts1 ,o ,c ,h ,n4 ,! latt] repres5ts protoplasm or prote94 ,vegetable *emical comp\nds1 organic sub/ances1 c be produc$ only "u c]ta9 vitaliz+ conditions & influ5ces4 ,:]ev] ^u ! surface ( ?is e>?1 ! sun's rays produce a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 temp]ature1 ,c ,h ,o may comb9e & evolve vegetable life4 ,9 tropical climates1 = example1 not)/&+ ! sun's heat1 no vegetation gr[s on high m\nta9 peaks t are cov]$ ) sn[ & ice ye> 9 & ye> out2 nor w vegetation gr[ 9 ! cold climate ( ! nor?4 ,c ,h & ,o w produce vegetable life only 9 ! pres5ce ( heat4 ,heat is ess5tial4 ,& !re is "o s\rce only :5ce x c be obta9$1 t is ! sun4 ,! climate1 z ! temp]ature1 etc42 ! quantity ( elem5ts1 & ! quality ( soil1 v>y ! products ( vegetation4 ,t acc\nts = ! imm5se v>iety1 ! diff]5ces exi/+4 ,! organic *emical comb9ations 9 vegetable life are inf9ite4 ,& all ^! v>ieties dep5d on ! num]ical quantities ( ea* ( ! elem5ts ,c ,h ,o t ent] any composition4 ,! products ( vegetation4 ,c ,h ,o ,n ,/>* food sub/ances1 #ah #ac #ae ,sug>1 grape1 #f #ab #f 11 cane1 ,h#b,o #ab #bb #aa ,oils1 anise$1 etc41 #aj #ab #a ,acids1 t>t>ic1 #d #f #f 11 1 citric1 etc41 #f #h #g ,hydrocyanic1 or prussic1 acid1 "o ( ! /ronge/ poisons1 #a #a #a ,tann9 or tannic acid1 #bg #bb #ag ,turp5t9e oil 7compos$ ( c>bon & hydrog5 only7 #aj #af ,we h o!r vegetable products call$ alkaloids1 t are pr9cipally f\nd 9 ! b>k & ! leaves4 ,a few examples w suffice3 ,c ,h ,n ,o ,morphia1 #ag #ai #a #c ,/ry*n9e1 #ba #bb #b #b ,qu99e 7sulphate ,h#b,,s#d71 #bj #bd #b #b ,! ess5ce ( c(fee & tea1 caffe9 or !91 #h #aj #d #b ,! alcohols1 acids1 e!rs1 & s on1 are all compos$ ( ^! elem5ts3 ,c ,h ,o ,alcohol1 #b #f #a ,acetic acid1 #b #d #b ,! comb9ations are inf9ite4 ,volumes are fill$ ) organic *emi/ry4 ,m]e m5tion only c be made1 to %[ ! wond]ful p[] ^! elem5ts display :5 v>i\sly comb9$4 ,! products ( de/ructive di/illation ( coal yield a rem>kable s]ies ( comb9ations3 ,c>b4 ,hyd4 ,light c>burett$ hydrog51 m>% gas1 or fire-damp1 is compos$ ( #a #d 7,c#a;,h#d7 ,acetel9e1 ano!r product1 #b #b 7,c#b;,h#b7 ,heavy c>burett$ hydrog51 olefiant gas1 ! gas we burn1 e!l5e1 #b #d 7,c#b;,h#d7 ,^! may und]go a va/ v>iety ( *anges & comb9ations4 ,*lor(orm1 alcohol1 e!rs1 acids1 oils & fats1 res9s1 balsams1 etc41 etc41 all h ^! elem5ts 9 comb9ation4 ,does x n seem /range t ! diff]5t num]ical comb9ations ( ! same elem5ts %\ld h su* diff]5t effects ^u ! animal sy/em8 ,:y %\ld />* & sug> comp\nds be good = ! su/5ance ( animal life :ile o!r comp\nds ( ! same elem5ts prove de/ructive to life8 ,or1 :y %\ld morphia h su* a peculi> effect ^u ! animal tissues--especially ! n]v\s8 ,& :y %\ld alcohol h su* a peculi> effect ^u ! ma/] tissues ( ! body8 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! *emical composition ( qu99e & /ry*n9e is n s v great1 yet ! action ^u ! sy/em is by no means ! same4 ,! effect ^u ! tissues is n ! same4 ,^? :o believe 9 a ,god easily dispose ( ^! que/ions by simply exclaim+1 ,!y are ! wond]ful works ( ,god6 ,t "o drop ( hydrocyanic acid ^u ! tongue ( an animal %\ld kill is v a/oni%+2 t acid be+ compos$ only ( "o ( ,c>bon1 "o ( ,hydrog51 & "o ( ,nitrog5 7,c ,n ,h74 ,:y %\ld x p>alyze ! bra9 fir/1 be=e x affects ! he>t1 s9ce x has to be c>ri$ by ! blood ?r\gh ! circulation to ! bra98 ,! d]angem5t ( ! functions ( t c5t] causes dea?4 ,! revelations ( ^! important comb9ations & actions man _h to make = himself4 ,!y 7 n br\ght d[n to u on tablets ( /one by "s sup]natural ag5t1 nor did spirits or angels communicate ! my/]ies & ! p[]s ( ^! elem5ts4 ,x is ow+ to ! developm5t ( man's intellectual faculties1 t ! comb9ations ( ^! elem5ts has be5 made possible4 ,x 0 q a discov]y :5 x 0 f\nd t nitre1 sulphur1 & *>coal made gunp[d]4 ,!re are only five elem5ts 9 t comp\nd1 viz41 ,nitrog51 potassium1 ,oxyg51 ,c>bon1 & sulphur4 ,*ili saltpet] is us$ = dome/ic purposes4 ,h>mless to animal life1 s is ea* "o ( ^! elem5ts :5 !y ent] into comb9ations t are n de/ructive to life4 ,! =ces & p[]s ex]cis$ by any comp\nd dep5d on ! numb] & k9d ( elem5ts t ent] into ! composition4 ,& ! influ5ce t be>s directly ^u _! mutual activity aga9 dep5ds1 :5 9 a /ate ( nature1 ^u ! pres5ce ( heat4 ,:5 a se$1 z ( :eat or ( any />*y vegetable1 is ?r[n into ! gr\nd1 x w n g]m9ate except 9 ! pres5ce ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( moi/ure1 & heat1 ! heat v>y+ f #ej to #hj ,fahr5heit1 9 addition to free communication ) ! air4 ,temp]ature1 moi/ure1 air1 electricity1 k9d & quantity ( ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 ! soil pres5t1 cause ! imm5se v>iations 9 plant life & plant compositions4 ,yet ! same elem5t>y compositions w be f\nd 9 ! same species1 & ! same conditions g5]ally w be requir$ to reproduce !m4 ,ea* gr\p ( elem5ts t ent]s into ! composition ( any sub/ance1 c>ries ) x qualities & capabilities peculi> to itself1 ?r\gh\t ! vegetable k+dom4 ,its influ5ce ^u ! animal economy w dep5d on ! v>i\s atomic elem5ts1 & ! quantities ( ea*1 t ent] its comb9ations4 ,= example1 ! atmosph]e1 ! balance ( p[] betwe5 ,o & ,n1 is ess5tial to bo? plant & animal4 ,s ) wat]1 ,o ,h#b4 ,& s ) ^? foods1 />* & sug>s1 ,c#ah;,h#cj,o#ae or ,c#f ,h#ab,o#f2 9 ea* ( ^! sub/ances ,c>bon has its complem5t ( ,hydrog5 & ,oxyg54 ,t is1 ! ,c>bon is1 z x 71 dilut$ 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat] to make x suitable = food4 ,rob x ( its ,oxyg5 & x becomes a poison1 an active poison4 ,! less ! quantity ( ,oxyg5 9 any sub/ance ( organic orig9 ! m unfit x becomes z a food4 ,& x becomes poison\s to ! animal sy/em 9 proportion z ! ,oxyg5 is abs5t or remov$ f ! composition4 ,we h repres5tatives ( poison\s sub/ances 9 alcohol1 ,c#b;,h#f,o1 a mild poison2 & 9 hydrocyanic acid1 ,c ,n ,h1 ! /ronge/ poison kn[n4 ,moreov]1 we see already peculi> manife/ations 9 vegetable life1 humble 9 "*1 l[ 9 degree4 ,plants n only re/ f activity1 b h _! sleep & exhibit s5sible movem5t f irritation4 ,! foliage ( ! locu/1 & ( mo/ legum9\s plants1 & t ( oxalis & wood-sorrel1 seem to h _! sleep1 z se5 by ! position ( _! leaves & blossoms4 ,irritate ! mimosa plant1 z by r\ghly t\*+ x1 & ! leaflets w sudd5ly *ange position4 ,9 ! ,diona muscipula1 or ,v5us's flytrap1 ! t\* ( an insect1 alight+ ^u ! upp] surface ( ! outspread lam91 causes its sides to close sudd5ly1 ! /rong bri/les ( ! m>g9al fr+e cross+ ea* o!r l ! tee? ( a /eel trap1 & ! two surfaces press+ toge!r ) consid]able =ce1 s z to reta91 if n de/roy1 ! intrud]1 ^: /ruggles only increase ! pressure :i* ?is animat$ trap ex]ts4 ,x is evid5t t ! elem5t>y comb9ations "u c]ta9 conditions & ! influ5ce ( heat1 w exhibit vital action1 9 an organic =m--manife/ ph5om5a ( life1 t are only 9 degree1 & n 9 k9d1 inf]ior to ! l[e/ plant life4 ,! process is ! same4 ,! mode ( liv+ diff]s 9 degree1 ?\gh ! results are diff]5t4 ,! comb9ation & ex*ange ( elem5ts takes place 9 ! simple plant life z 9 ! high] animal life4 ,! wat]y portion ( plant life is compos$ ( ,o & ,h#b1 ! same z wat] 9 a free /ate or wat] 9 animal life1 & ! comb9ation ( ,oxyg5 & ,hydrog5 ) ,c>bon4 ,! food sub/ances are f\nd 9 ! vital ma*9]y ( vegetation4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( life exhibit$ 9 ! l[] grade ( vegetation1 are se5 9 a m p]fect degree 9 animal life--respiration1 ex*ange ( gases1 imbibition1 absorption1 assimilation1 evolution ( heat & motion1 ! p[] ( incorporat+ mat]ial 9 its own sub/ance1 endosmosis1 subjectibility to irritation1 exhau/ion1 spontane\s movem5t1 re/ & sleep1 capability ( be+ influ5c$ by v>i\s /imuli1 etc41 etc4 ,! comb9ation ( ,o1 ,c1 & ,h1 organiz$ & vitaliz$1 9 conjunction ) a few o!r less important elem5ts1 manife/s 9 con=mity ) ! laws ( nature all functions & activities t plant lie is capable ( realiz+4 ,x w\ld nei!r be extravagant1 nor an exagg]ation1 consid]+ ! important role ^! elem5ts play 9 vegetation1 if !y 7 rightfully t]m$ ! s\l-life ( plants4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,alcohol ,,& ,,its ,,effects ,,on ,,! ,,sy/em4 ,all sub/ances tak5 into ! /oma* z food are ( ?ree k9ds1 c>bohydrates1 proteids1 & fats4 ,?is means1 />*1 sug>s1 meats1 & fats1 besides wat] & "s salts4 ,food sub/ances c>ry _! own complem5t ( wat]1 s]ve nutritive purposes :5 tak5 into ! sy/em1 & are easily dissolv$ by ! v>i\s fluids 9 ! body4 ,food may be tak5 into ! sy/em = ?ree purposes3 #a4 ,simply = ! ma9t5ance ( heal?2 #b4 ,= fatt5+ purposes2 #c4 ,= ! sake ( muscul> en]gy4 ,! body1 ! human body1 consi/s1 speak+ 9 g5]al t]ms1 ( c>bohydrates1 fats1 & proteids1 & wat] & sal9e matt]s4 ,we h se5 t ! "w done by ! ma/] tissues causes a loss1 or produces a c]ta9 am\nt ( wa/e mat]ial1 consi/+ ( ,c>bon1 ,hydrog51 ,oxyg51 & ,nitrog51 & "s m9]al matt]--salts4 ,?is loss or wa/e has to be replac$ 9 quantity & quality suffici5t 9 ord] to ma9ta9 a heal?y condition ( ! body4 ,&1 s9ce we "k ! precise1 or almo/ ! precise1 quantity ( mat]ial excret$1 :i* consi/s ( ,c>bon1 ,nitrog51 ,oxyg51 & ,hydrog51 etc41 we c also e/imate1 ) consid]able precision1 ! quantity ne$$ to replace x4 ,m ?an #da p] c5t ( ! entire weight ( ! body is made up ( muscul> tissue4 ,! n]v\s tissue con/itutes n q two p] c5t4 ,! *emical composition ( muscul> & n]v\s tissue--( ! solid "p only--is ,c>bon4 ,hydrog54 ,nitrog54 ,oxyg54 ,sul4 #ea4e #f4i #ae4b #bj4i #j4c to to to to to #ed4e #g4c #ag4j #bc4e #b4j ,! wat]y portion ( ! muscle is n m5tion$4 ,please notice ! l>ge quantity ( ,c>bon & ! small quantity ( ,hydrog5 9 ! composition ( ! solid "p ( ! muscle4 ,we are aw>e t ! muscles are always produc+ ,c>bonic ,acid--t is1 ,c & ,o#b--;& :5 a muscle contracts1 !re is a sudd5 & ext5sive increase ( ! normal production4 ,! blood t comes f a contract+ muscle is ri*] 9 ,c>bonic acid--t is1 x conta9s "o atom m ( ,c>bon & two atoms ( ,oxyg5 m4 ,! blood t has pass$ ?r\gh ! lungs *anges f v5\s to art]ial blood4 ,! v5\s dis*>ges ab\t #e vols4 ( ,c>bonic acid 7,c ,o#b72 ! art]ial c>ries away ab\t #e vols4 ( ,oxyg5 7,o7 to ! tissues4 ,! c>bohydrates tak5 into ! sy/em3 ,oz4 ,/>* & sug>s1 ab\t #bj ,meats1 proteids1 11 #ae ,fats1 11 #c #a_/b ,wat]1 11 #eb ,ab\t #cb ounces ( saliva conv]ts ! />* into sug>4 ,t is1 ! saliva *anges />* 7,c#ah ,h#cj ,o#ae7 into sug> 7,c#f ,h#aa ,o#e74 ,meats are act$ ^u by ! ga/ric juice1 x requir+ ab\t t5 to tw5ty p9ts to dissolve ?ree-qu>t]s to "o p\nd ( meat-/uff2 & ! sub/ances 9 ! /oma* are *ang$ into *yme4 ,! fats are emulsifi$ by ! gall f ! liv]--ab\t #cj to #dj ounces = #c to #d ounces ( fat4 ,& ! pancreatic juice completes ! "w & /ill f>!r dissolves all ?ree k9ds ( sub/ances1 s t1 ) ! aid ( ! succus ent]icus1 ! :ole mass is *ang$ into a sub/ance call$ *yle4 ,all ! c>bohydrates & proteids 9 solution1 toge!r ) ! fluids tak5 into ! sy/em1 are tak5 up by ! ve9s ( ! abdom9al organs & convey$ by ! portal ve9 to ! liv]4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! liv]1 ! blood is collect$ by ! hepatic ve9 & empti$ into ! inf]ior v5a cava4 ,! fatty sub/ances are tak5 up by ! lacteals to ! receptaculum *yli1 pass$ up ! ?oracic duct1 & p\r$ into ! left subclavian ve91 :i* empties its cont5ts into ! sup]ior v5a cava4 ,bo? /reams ( blood--v5\s blood--f ! sup]ior & inf]ior v5a cava1 pass into ! "r auricle1 !nce to ! "r v5tricle1 ?r\gh ! pulmon>y art]y into ! lungs1 !re ex*ange ! ,c>bonic acid = ,oxyg51 & return by means ( ! pulmon>y ve9s into ! left auricle1 !nce to ! left v5tricle1 ?r\gh ! aorta into ! g5]al sy/em--& to ! ma/] tissues4 ,9 ! tissues ! ,oxyg5 is tak5 up4 ,t is1 ! ,oxyg5 passes f ! blood to ! tissues & ! tissues ?r[ (f ! ,c>bonic acid1 :i* ! ve9s aga9 c>ry to ! "r side ( ! he>t4 ,alcohol is compos$ ( ,c>bon two 7#b71 ,hydrog5 six 7#f71 & ,oxyg5 "o 7#a7 7,c#b ,h#f ,o#a74 ,alcohol1 l all poison\s sub/ances1 c>ries a small am\nt ( ,oxyg54 ,9 composition x resembles v mu*1 & probably is1 a union ( ,c#b ,h#d ,h#b ,o1 ,c#b ,h#d e?ane1 olefiant gas1 or heavy c>burett$ hydrog54 ,x is1 9 fact1 a con/itu5t ( ! gas we burn1 procur$ f ! de/ructive di/illation ( coal--9 o!r words1 coal gas4 ,to make x pla9]1 e?ane conta9s two ( ,c>bon1 f\r ( ,hydrog5 "o molecule ( wat]4 ,:5 alcohol is tak5 into ! sy/em1 x is almo/ imm$iately absorb$ by ! ve9s ( ! /oma*1 is c>ri$ at once by ! portal ve9 to ! liv]1 & returns f ! liv] by way ( ! hepatic ve9 to ! inf]ior v5a cava1 to ! "r auricle1 & to ! lungs ?r\gh ! "r v5tricle4 ,b ! lungs _c supply ,oxyg5 en\gh to satisfy ! ,c>bon ( ! alcohol4 ,!re is only "o atom ( ,oxyg5 9 ! composition ( alcohol1 & ?ree m atoms ( ,oxyg5 are ne$$ to =m ,c>bonic acid 7,c ,o#b74 ,"u ord9>y1 normal conditions1 ,oxyg5 en\gh is inspir$ to satisfy ! wants ( ! tissues = combu/ion purposes1 b 9 ! case ( alcohol an extra dem& = ,oxyg5 is made1 & ! lungs are n prep>$ to supply ! dem&4 ,s9ce oxidation takes place 9 ! tissues & n 9 ! blood1 ! blood1 be+ ov]*>g$ ) heavy c>burett$ ,hydrog5 7,c#b ,h#d71 unloads x into ! tissue4 ,! extra am\nt ( ,c>bon arriv+ at ! tissue1 robs x ( its ,oxyg54 ,! ,oxyg5 arriv+ f ! lungs be+ insuffici5t1 ! tissue loses ,oxyg54 ,! pres5ce ( ,oxyg5 is necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( irritability4 ,f ! fact t no free ,oxyg5 is pres5t 9 ! muscul> tissue ! t5sion is nil or ev5 less ?an no?+4 ,:5 ! ,c>bon ( ! alcohol robs ! tissues ( its ,oxyg51 ! ,hydrog5 is set free4 ,:at becomes ( x8 ,! muscul> & n]v\s tissues conta9 f #ea to #ed p] c5t ( ,c>bon 9 _! composition1 & #f to #g p] c5t ( ,hydrog54 ,! free ,hydrog5 comb9es ) ! ,c>bon ( ! tissues & =ms c>burett$ ,hydrog51 ) :i* ! blood gets ov]load$1 & c>ries x to ! o!r tissues4 ,! n]v\s sy/em1 ! bra91 n receiv+ ! ,oxyg5 necess>y1 9 consequ5ce ( ! blood be+ ov]*>g$ ) bo? ,c>bonic acid & c>burett$ ,hydrog51 ! n]v\s sub/ance is fir/ impair$1 next exhau/$1 & la/ly its normal activity ext+ui%$4 ,! muscles meantime ?r\gh hav+ be5 robb$ ( bo? ,oxyg5 & ,c>bon--receiv+ no free ,oxyg5 or v little--& ?r\gh ! pres5ce 9 ! circulat+ fluid ( ,c>bonic acid & c>burett$ ,hydrog51 lose ! p[] to act4 ,! c]ebrum1 c]ebellum1 m$ulla oblongata1 ) all ! o!r subord9ate n]v\s c5t]s1 be+ impair$ by ! poison & ! abs5ce ( ,oxyg51 ! n]ves ( volition lose control1 ! c]ebrum has its w p[] impair$ or entirely subdu$1 & ! c]ebellum loses ! p[] ( muscul> cord9ation4 ,?us1 !n1 ! ma/] tissues become crippl$4 ,at fir/ alcohol may h a /imulat+ effect on ! n]v\s sy/em2 next1 if ! indulg5ce be cont9u$1 ! n]v\s =ces become exalt$2 f9ally1 h[ev]1 depression sets 91 & proves at la/ a complete ext+ui%] ( ! intellectual faculties4 ,! muscles fir/ lose ! p[] ( cord9ation1 ! irritability & t5sion gradually cease1 at l5g? !y refuse to act4 ,! bra9 & muscles be+ helpless1 ! body lies 9 a /ate ( /upor1 motionless4 ,! individual is tempor>ily depriv$ ( 8 m5tal faculties1 incapacitat$1 & completely oblivi\s to all 8 surr\nd+s4 ,! involunt>y organs1 h[ev]1 may act4 ,! /oma* may eject its cont5ts1 hav+ lo/ consci\sness & w p[]4 ,! ur9e & feces may pass (f involunt>ily4 ,all organs h to suff]1 b two m ?an all ! re/--! liv] & kidneys4 ,! function ( ! liv]1 z we h already se51 is ! secretion ( ! bile4 ,t organ has /ill ano!r important duty to p]=m1 & t is 9 conv]t+ ! />*y sub/ances1 or its already conv]t$ sug>s1 9 to glycog5 ,c#f ,h#aj ,o#e4 ,! metabolic activity ( ! hepatic cells lies 9 ! =mation ( glycog5e4 ,glycog5e is a s\rce ( heat 9 ! body4 ,x is con/antly pres5t 9 ! muscle1 z a functional mat]ial no d\bt4 ,! *ief purposes ?is sub/ance s]ves are probably = respiration & production ( animal heat4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d t fats are compos$ ( ,c1 ,h1 & ,o1 & t bo? fats & c>bohydrates s]ve nutritive purposes4 ,:e!r any diff]5ce exi/s betwe5 ! two we d n "k at pres5t1 beyond ! fact t 9 ! f9al comb9ation ( ! two1 :ile c>bohydrates require suffici5t ,oxyg5 only to comb9e ) _! ,c>bon1 !re be+ already suffici5t ,oxyg5 9 ! c>bohydrate itself to =m wat] ) ! ,hydrog51 fats require 9 addition ,oxyg5 to burn (f "s ( _! ,hydrog54 ,alcohol is n conv]tible into glycog5e4 ,! six atoms ( ,c>bon are complem5t$ by five molecules ( wat]3 ,c#f #e ,o ,h#b ,c#f ,h#aj ,o#e4 ,z already /at$1 alcohol 7,c#f ,h#b ,o7 conta9s only "o molecule ( wat] 7,h#b ,o ,c#b ,h#d e?ane74 ,to conv]t ! f\r ( ,hydrog5 into wat]1 two ( ,oxyg5 are ne$$--& to =m ,c>bonic acid ?ree ( ,oxyg5 are want+4 ,9 ?is connection we may ask1 ,is alcohol a food8 ,no6 ,alcohol is 9 no s5se a food6 ,z a /imulant x is v useful1 9 a c]ta9 class ( exhau/+ diseases1 b tak5 9 l>ge quantities alcohol acts z a sl[ poison4 ,! action ( ! alcohol1 :i* mu/ pass ?r\gh ! liv]1 is c]ta9ly n b5eficial4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! function ( ! organ is int]f]$ ) & ! tissues ( :i* ! liv] is compos$ sl[ly b surely und]go a deg5]ative process4 ,! alcoholic bev]ages diff]4 ,z = example1 :isky1 w9e1 & be]--( ! ?ree be] is probably ! lea/ injuri\s4 ,by reason ( ! hops x conta9s x helps to allay n]v\s irritability4 ,:5 tak5 cont9u\sly 9 l>ge quantities1 x leads to conge/ion ( ! liv] & ! accumulation ( fat4 ,be] conta9s only f\r to five p] c5t ( alcohol1 or !reab\t4 ,! effect ( be] on "s individuals is some:at simil>1 9 ! increase ( size1 to ! rem>kable gr[? ( "s aquatic plants1 z ! g\rd1 9 :i* ! vegetable tissue cells are v l>ge & increase v rapidly4 ,! use ( ! /rong] spirits leads to a deg5]ation ( ano!r k9d--contraction ( ! liv]1 cirrhosis4 ,! kidneys are ! next to suff] sev]ely by ! alcoholic fluids4 ,! :ole blood is purifi$ by ! kidneys4 ,! transit is v rapid2 ! elim9ation ( impurities mu/ necess>ily be rapid4 ,! body "u ! normal condition elim9ates ,nitrog5 *iefly2 ?is is ! urea & uric acid f\nd 9 ! diurnal excretion ( ur9e ( fifty-two ounces 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,b if in/ead ( a man dr9k+ ! ord9>y all[ance ( fifty-two ounces ( wat]1 a man takes 9 sev]al hundr$ ounces1 z 9 ! case ( "s be]-dr9k]s1 x is evid5t t ! kidneys h a great deal m "w to p]=m ?an usual1 9 addition to ! con/ant irritability ! kidneys1 l ! liv] & o!r organs1 are subject to4 ,! sob]+ up ( a man aft] a drunk1 consi/s 9 receiv+ ,oxyg5 suffici5t 9 quantity into ! tissues1 to supply ! am\nt he has lo/4 ,x takes sev]al h\rs be=e suffici5t ,oxyg5 has be5 introduc$ into ! tissues to e/abli% ! normal equilibrium4 ,! !ories on alcohol are v>i\s4 ,i quote "s ( ! m important ones1 briefly /at$3 ,liebig ?\ght t alcohol disappe>$ by complete & rapid combu/ion4 ,lallem& & ,p]r9 ent]ta9$ ! !ory t alcohol 0 elim9at$ by ! excretory organs4 7,t means1 p]haps1 t alcohol simply prom5ad$ ?r\gh ! sy/em47 ,p>ks 0 ( op9ion t alcohol is directly absorb$ by ! blood-vessels )\t und]go+ any *ange or decomposition4 ,ano!r !ory 0 t alcohol is conv]t$ into acetic acid 7,c#b ,h#d ,o#b72 & t acetic acid is split up into c>bonic acid 7,c ,o#b7 & wat]--:i* is impossible1 z !re is n ,oxyg5 en\gh = bo? ,c ,o#b & ,h#b ,o4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t alcohol does n disappe> by rapid combu/ion1 except :5 tak5 9 v small quantities & dur+ a /ate ( exhau/ion1 & !n n by combu/ion4 ,t alcohol is excret$ !re is no d\bt1 b :5 tak5 9 l>ge quantities x is n excret$ )\t leav+ its p]man5t m>k beh9d x4 ,nor is x absorb$ by ! blood-vessels )\t und]go+ any *ange or decomposition1 o!rwise x w\ld be excret$ by ! kidneys & sk94 ,t ! function ( ! bra9 is entirely susp5d$1 = a "t at lea/1 ne$s no argum5t1 because all w p[] is arre/$1 ! n]ves ( special s5se cease to act1 all n]ve-c5t]s susp5d op]ation1 & ! n]ve-fib]s no long] act z conductors ( ei!r motion or s5sation4 ,& ! muscul> tissues are no long] capable ( irritation1 /imulation1 or cord9ation2 contraction1 flexion1 & ext5sion h be5 tempor>ily annihilat$2 ! =ce1 ! p[]1 & ! action h succumb$ to ! h>mful influ5ce ( alcohol4 ,& ! cause ( x all is--too mu* c>burett$ ,hydrog5 & ! abs5ce ( ,oxyg54 ,?is has unbalanc$ ! elem5ts t normally ent] into ! composition ( ! tissue bo? ( muscle & n]ve4 ,! ma/] tissues1 ! n]v\s & muscul>1 t get drunk1 !y are ! fir/ to feel ! /imulation1 become excit$1 depress$1 & exhau/$4 ,& f9ally let u sum up "s ( ! effects ( alcohol on ! sy/em3 #a4 ,x is a s\rce nei!r ( heat nor ( en]gy1 nor c x be /or$ up = future use1 nor c x be assimilat$ 9 ! tissues4 #b4 ,alcohol ret>ds ! motion ( ! blood4 #c4 ,x induces specific action aft] ! mann] ( cumulative poisons4 #d4 ,by ! ve9s & absorb5ts alcohol mixes ) ! blood1 & imm$iately acts z a /imulant on all ! tissues ) :i* x is br\ght 9 contact4 #e4 ,x causes ! ret5tion ( sub/ances :i* ought to be elim9at$4 #f4 ,x is %[n by abundant te/imony t ! blood becomes sur*>g$ ) un*ang$ & unus$ mat]ial1 & conta9s m ,c>bon ?an normally1 at times z mu* z #bj to #cj p] c5t4 #g4 ,alcoholic blood coagulates sl[ly & extravasates easily4 #h4 ,! susceptibility to disease is great]1 ! resi/+ =ce is dim9i%$1 & ! heal+ process s]i\sly int]f]$ )4 #i4 ,oxyg5 is div]t$ f its prop] functions1 ! exhalation ( c>bonic acid at ! lungs is dim9i%$1 bo? absolutely & relatively1 b ! pulmon>y aque\s vapor is n less5$4 #aj4 ,! functions ( ! bra9 are at once /imulat$1 & all o!r organs are excit$1 & a tra9 ( ph5om5a is induc$ p>tly ( a *emical nature & p>tly ( a physical or vital4 #aa4 ,alcohol produces a tempor>y increase ( ! he>t's action1 & a conge/ion ( ! :ole ( ! pulmon>y capill>ies4 #ab4 ,x irritates ! p>ts1 /imulat+ ! gl&ul> secretions1 leads to conge/ion ( ! blood-vessels1 9 "t =ms spuri\s melanotic deposits & a gradual ?ick5+ ( ! ga/ric sub/ance4 #ac4 ,fat gradually is increas$ 9 ! blood1 & a milky "* is imp>t$ to ! s]um ( ! blood1 & ! r$ corpuscles 9 "t assume a wr9kl$ & contract$ appe>ance4 #ad4 ,! wat] ( ! ur9e is dim9i%$2 ! *lorides are greatly less5$1 z well z ! acids & bases4 ,mo/ p are conc]n$ ab\t !mselves only to ! ext5t ( secur+ ! imm$iate satisfaction ( _! s5ses4 ,! sup]ficial surr\nd+s !y utilize to cat] to ! enjoym5t ( su* indulg5ces ( acquir$ ta/e1 habit1 passion1 feel+s or emotions1 z prove mo/ gratify+ to !m1 nev] ?9k+ t _! con/itution is no?+ m ?an a vitaliz$ *emical ma*9e1 tempor>ily pass+ ?r\gh its t]re/rial cycle ( physiological activity1 beg9n+ z a mass ( protoplasm1 & t]m9at+1 :5 x has gone ?r\gh all ! phases ( animal exi/5ce1 9 ! di/ribution ( its *emical elem5ts4 ,! d]ang+ effect ( alcohol on ! n]v\s & muscul> tissues may be comp>$ to ! work+ ( an ord9>y batt]y4 ,we "k t ! action & ! =ce dep5d on ! elem5ts t ent] into ! composition ( ! batt]y1 fluids & solids1 z9c & copp]1 & sulphuric acid--repres5t+ z9c1 copp]1 sulphur1 ,oxyg51 & ,hydrog54 ,! action ( ! z9c & copp] dep5ds ^u ! fluids4 ,o!r fluids1 ?\gh compos$ ( ?ree elem5ts1 w\ld produce ei!r n ! same effect1 or no effect at all4 ,x /&s to reason t1 s9ce we "k ! k9d ( fluid t w set ! elem5ts 9 action1 we c]ta9ly %\ld be v unwise to use ano!r fluid t w ei!r d]ange or de/roy ! batt]y's work+ capacity4 ,! =ces or =ce are 9 ?is in/ance produc$ by ! comb9ation ( c]ta9 elem5ts1 & 9 ord] to cont9ue ! activity or action ( ^! elem5ts "o ^u ! o!r1 a con/ant supply mu/ be kept up4 ,! me*anism ( muscul> action1 or n]v\s action1 dep5ds ^u ! supply ( c]ta9 elem5ts2 !y are cont9ually replac+ elem5ts t are us$ up 9 ! "w !y h to p]=m--t is1 ! function ( bra9 or muscle4 ,! mom5t elem5ts are introduc$ t d n or _c make up ! loss ( ! work+ exp5diture1 t t5d r to disorganize or decompose ! tissues1 ! functions & ! natural =ces are int]f]$ )1 weak5$1 or may be br\ght to a /&/ill4 ,! effect ( alcohol is mu* ! same on all animals4 ,i mean1 t ! ma/] tissues ( ! l[] animals w succumb to ! influ5ce ( alcohol z readily z ^? ( a human be+4 ,we "k ) c]ta9ty :at gets drunk--:]e is ! spiritual "p ( man8 :]e is ! s\l8 ,:5 ! bra9 is intoxicat$1 its functions are m or less susp5d$1 its controll+ or gov]n+ action is lo/ ov] ! muscul> tissue1 9 addition to ! muscles !mselves be+ disabl$4 ,bo? tissues1 hav+ be5 robb$ ( _! elem5t>y equilibrium1 consequ5tly cease work+4 ,! mom5t ! equilibrium is re/abli%$1 ! tissues assume _! functions ! same z be=e4 ,if a giv5 numb] ( specific p>ts ent] into ! con/ruction ( any me*anism 9 ord] to produce a c]ta9 am\nt ( =ce & effect1 ! numb] ( specific p>ts mu/ always be pres5t if ! same =ce & effect is to be realiz$4 ,bra9 & muscle are made up ( a specific numb] ( elem5ts2 ^! mu/ be always pres5t if we w\ld h !m produce ! normal =ce & effect4 ,:5 too mu* ,c>bon & ,hydrog5 & too little ,oxyg5 are introduc$ into ! sy/em1 z 9 ! case ( alcohol1 ! d]angem5t ( ^! elem5ts is felt 9 ! poison\s effect1 because en\gh ,oxyg5 _c be suppli$ to keep up ) ! dem&4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,s\l--,,:at ,,is ,,x8 ,dry tru?1 real k1 h>d facts1 are less int]e/+1 less ent]ta9+1 ?an a plausible fable or a fanciful /ory4 ,:ile ! latt] is li/5$ to1 ) eag]ness & pleasure1 ! =m] b>ely receives ord9>y civility & att5tion4 ,! ef=t requisite to und]/& & to ?9k1 requires resolution1 det]m9ation1 & fix$ att5tion4 ,! s5ses are n /imulat$1 ! emotions & feel+s n ar\s$1 by ma!matical problems or a/ronomical calculations4 ,! muscul> tissues are mu* m easily tra9$1 discipl9$1 & educat$ ?an ! n]v\s tissues4 ,9 ! =m] we see imm$iate results4 ,!re is a pleasure 9 ! pursuit1 a palpable satisfaction 9 wat*+ ! muscul> action & physical developm5t4 ,! mo/ agreeable "p ab\t t k9d ( ex]cise1 tra9+--or education if y *oose--is t x is easily acquir$ & soon put 9 practice1 & mu* admir$4 ,x has o!r advantages 9 addition4 ,! fatigue & exhau/ion 9 consequ5ce ( muscul> ex]cise1 add no small am\nt ( enjoym5t to t already exp]i5c$1 by hav+ to repl5i% ! sp5t en]gies1 to fill ! dem& = new mat]ial call$ =4 ,! gu/atory & olfactory n]ves are /imulat$ by odor ( ! vi&s provid$1 & :at is /ill m important1 ! gl&ul> activity t is set 9 motion produces an am\nt ( exhil>ation1 s satisfactory t x is recogniz$ z "o ( ! pr9cipal features = e & on all occasions4 ,a fea/ is made = laught] & w9e make? m]ry 7,eccles4 x1 #ai74 ,muscul> action1 h[ev]1 _c take place )\t n]v\s action4 ,^! two tissues are dep5d5t "o on ! o!r4 ,yet ! muscul> tissue may be consid]$ z subord9ate to ! n]v\s tissue4 ,:ile ! muscul> tissue may become totally inactive or incapacitat$1 or ev5 remov$1 ! bra9 tissue may reta9 its activity & cont9ue to p]=m its functions4 ,! v rev]se takes place :5 ! bra9 is ei!r injur$ or remov$4 ,we "k by exp]i5ce1 exp]im5ts1 t injuries or o!r pa?ological *anges w cause impairm5t to muscul> tissue4 ,x is h>d to conceive1 & h>d] /ill to und]/&1 t an animal--man includ$--is no?+ m ?an a vitaliz$ ma*9e1 compos$ 9 ! fir/ place ( two di/9ct work+ p>ts--muscul> & n]v\s--:ile all ! o!r portions h to p]=m duty 9 ord] to su/a9 !m4 ,! ^w function is a t]m appli$ to all tissues 9 g5]al1 z kidneys1 liv]1 /oma*1 etc42 ea* has its function4 ,s h muscles & n]ves4 ,! =m] has = its function contraction1 :ile ! latt] has = its function to control & regulate t contraction4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! ma*9]y is gov]n$ & *eck$ by ! dom9ation ( ! o!r4 ,t dom9ion1 t control1 is t]m$ ,volition1 9 o!r words1 w p[]6 #a4 ,w p[]6 ,:at is x8 ,x is a p[] :i* e animal possesses1 & e animal ex]cises1 9 accordance ) its p>ticul> organization & degree ( organic developm5t4 #b4 ,e animal has ! p[]1 ) ! aid ( its s5ses--five s5ses ( sight1 he>+1 smell+1 ta/+1 feel+--to select sub/ances f ! vegetable & m9]al k+dom1 = its imm$iate want1 = ! su/5ance ( life4 #c4 ,x has ! p[] ( locomotion to g 9 se>* = ^? sub/ances1 & to c>ry !m to a place ( safety1 = pres5t or future use4 ,x has ! p[] to select ! k9d ( food1 to *oose t :i* is b5eficial & reject t :i* is injuri\s4 ,! five s5ses direct 9 t selection4 #d4 ,! animal has w p[] to protect & def5d 8 possessions--?r\gh 8 s5ses ! bra9 directs & ! muscles act4 #e4 ,! animal has w p[]1 :5 ! organs ( procreation are develop$1 to *oose a p>tn] = ! production ( "y4 ,! s5ses s]ve 9 mak+ ! selection1 z reg>ds beauty1 =m1 size1 etc4 #f4 ,x has ! w p[] to n\ri% & protect its "y or to de/roy x4 #g4 ,animals h ! w p[] to build _! habitation1 _! home1 & furni% x 9 a mann] be/ suit$ = _! com=t4 #h4 ,animals h ! p[] to articulate s\nd1 & h ! w to communicate ) ea* o!r if !y s desire1 to antagonize or to qu>rel4 #i4 ,!y h ! w p[] to select f ! surr\nd+ elem5ts4 ,!y *oose wat]1 air1 sun%9e1 high or l[ altitudes2 !y migrate f w>m to cold1 & f cold to w>m1 climates4 #aj4 ,!y h social int]c\rse among !mselves2 h a w p[] to organize z a b& or body to protect !mselves aga9/ ! attacks ( o!r organiz$ bodies1 to fight & to battle4 #aa4 ,animals in/ruct _! "y--guide !m & protect !m1 z well z fe$ !m4 ,!y h _! code ( morals4 ,!y h all su* functions z s]5ad+1 love-mak+1 music1 jeal\sy1 pleasure1 & ang]4 ,animals h judgm5t2 !y c comp>e & reflect on cold & heat1 dang] & tranquillity1 com=t & discom=t4 ,!y c reject or accept4 #ab4 ,!y h memory1 p]ception1 & und]/&+4 ,dome/ic & wild animals exhibit ^! peculi>ities4 ,!y w manife/ _! likes & dislikes1 hate & love1 c\rage & c[>dice4 ,! w p[] dep5ds on ! n]v\s sy/em--! c]ebral hemisph]es1 ! c]ebrum or small bra91 ! ?alamus opticus1 corpus /riata1 corpora quadrigem9a1 ! p$uncles1 m$ulla oblongata1 sp9al cord1 etc4 ,t is1 all ! organs t con/itute ! n]v\s ma*9]y1 t control ! muscul> tissues 9 all _! acts1 & keep a wat*ful outlook ov] all o!r organs ( ! body4 ,! w p[]1 !n1 is ! p[] to act 9 accordance & 9 h>mony ) ! ?+s recogniz$1 or ! selection made by any ( ! five s5ses1 discrim9at+ betwe5 t :i* is good = !m & t :i* is injuri\s1 or good & evil4 ,animals 9 select+ grass = food w avoid t :i* is injuri\s to !m4 ,! olfactory & gu/atory n]ves guide !m4 ,!y w seek %elt]1 & evid5tly "k :at to d :5 a ?und]/orm approa*es1 etc41 etc4 ,w p[] is a prop]ty1 quality1 or function belong+ to all liv+ creatures 9 common4 ,! degree ( w p[] dep5ds ^u ! quality1 quantity1 & p]fection ( ! n]v\s organization4 ,man has w p[] 9 a measure great] z ! n]v\s sy/em is develop$1 educat$1 & p]fect$4 ,morality--a quality t does n exclusively belong to man4 ,:at is morality8 ,x is no?+ m ?an a re/ra9t1 or *eck1 on our actions & our feel+s4 ,x is ! regulat+ ( ! actions ( life t[>ds ourselves & t[>ds o!rs4 ,x is ! ob$i5ce to recogniz$ & e/abli%$ laws 9 a community1 socially & politically4 ,x means n to trespass aga9/ ! laws ( nature1 aga9/ ourselves1 or aga9/ our neighbors4 ,animals re/ra9 !mselves & obey4 ,morality diff]s accord+ to ! social cu/oms & practices1 & ! civil laws regulat+ ! same1 :i* 7 made & adopt$ = mutual b5efit & protection4 ,^! are ei!r crude or ref9$1 dep5d+ on ! condition ( society4 ,to a limit$ degree animals h morality4 ,man has x 9 a high] & m ref9$ degree1 accord+ to ! progress & culture atta9$4 ,intellig5ce--,animals possess intellig5ce1 if ! mean+ ( x is1 to recognize s\nds & figures1 be ob$i5t to ! voice1 und]/& :at is said1 p]=m c]ta9 acts1 execute ! w ( a ma/]1 "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong1 express gratitude1 ex]cise wat*fulness1 protect life & prop]ty1 rememb] places & objects 9 g5]al1 be capable ( "s degree ( improvem5t1 susceptible ( tra9+ & modification ( conduct1 etc41 )9 ! limits ( ! n]v\s p[] ! animal has4 ,:at is ! s\l8 ,is ! s\l some?+ q indep5d5t ( matt]8 ,is x a some?+ entire & complete 9 itself8 ,a p]fect "p ( a p]fect :ole8 ,does ! s\l possess all ! excell5ces & qualities !ologians claim = x8 ,:5ce does x come8 ,:at does x consi/ (8 ,has x an exi/5ce sep>ate & ap>t f ! body8 ,if s1 :]e8 ,9 :at /ate does x exi/ previ\s to ent]+ ! body8 ,does e human be+ receive a l quality & quantity8 ,has x consi/5cy8 d5sity8 ela/icity8 ,is !re any connection betwe5 ! s\l pr9ciple & matt]8 ,_s & s\l1 are !y "o & ! same ?+1 or d !y diff]8 ,if s1 9 :at8 ,:at is sub/ance s\l & sub/ance _s8 ,is x self-act+ & self-exi/+8 ,is ! s\l susceptible to tra9+ & education1 & ! reception ( k8 ,or is ! s\l already tra9$1 educat$1 & possess$ ( all ! k t is n[ kn[n or likely to be kn[n8 ,does ! w p[] reside 9 ! s\l8 ,& is ! n]v\s sy/em subs]vi5t to ! s\l8 ,is ! s\l end[$ ) passions & emotions8 ,c ! s\l det]iorate1 be injur$ or be afflict$8 ,9 :at degree does ! s\l diff] 9 ! civiliz$ & 9 unciviliz$ man8 ,! !ological s\l has its orig9 9 ! ,bible1 no d\bt 7f ! ^w nephe%1 brea?+2 ! ,greek psy*e3 ,lat9 animas1 *ayu1 brea? ( life74 ,?is ^w gave ! impulse to a va/ am\nt ( ?\ght & reflection1 bo? !ological & psy*ological4 ,discussion & lit]ature foll[$ z ext5sive z !re has ev] be5 on any metaphysical topic4 ,x may be int]e/+ to le>n "s ( ! attributes ( ! s\l4 ,"h is a p>tial li/3 ,w1 passion1 love1 joy1 grief1 ang]1 mir?1 sorr[1 rev5ge1 contempt1 hatr$1 honor1 pride1 humility1 jeal\sy1 despair1 pity1 compassion1 love ( fame1 ( music1 ( ! m>vel\s1 ( notoriety1 av>ice1 guilt1 curiosity1 a/oni%m5t1 respect1 desire1 *e]fulness1 melan*oly1 s5se ( beauty1 s5se ( ! sublime1 s5se ( fri5d%ip1 feel+ ( delight1 selfi%ness1 g5]osity1 etc4 ,! au?or ( ?is concoction _h n a v cle> notion ( :at he 0 writ+ ab\t1 o!rwise he w\ld h kn[n t animals h 9 common ) man mo/ ( ! emotions above recit$4 ,! s\l is a display ( n]v\s ph5om5a1 exhibit$ "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 diff]+ only 9 int5sity ( expression1 dep5d+ ^u ! k9d & "* ( animal & man4 ,x is "o ( ! common tricks ( trade--:5 !ologians argue ^u ! immortality ( ! s\l1 !y br+ & r+ 9 any am\nt ( biblical evid5ce to su/a9 !m4 ,!y prove no?+4 ,!y _c prove any?+4 ,x is ! /&+ puzzle4 ,!y try to unravel a my/]i\s some?+ t is n my/]i\s4 ,nor is !re any ne$ ( my/]y4 ,:at is ess5tial = u to "k is ! tru?1 pla9 natural facts4 ,!re is no?+ t we ne$ be ei!r a%am$ or afraid (4 ,if we h be5 delud$ by errors made sev]al ?\s& ye>s ago1 reg>d+ ! dual composition ( man1 or h be5 impos$ ^u & int5tionally ret>d$ 9 ! onw>d progress1 x is "t to correct ! error & remove ! imposition4 ,let u h a cle>1 intellig5t view ( ?+s & look at !m z !y are4 ,?is my/]y1 l o!r my/]ies1 c be cle>$ up by ! light ( sci5ce & mod]n inve/igation4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & animal8 ,articulate spee* & ! susceptibility ( ! bra9 matt] to a high degree ( culture4 ,m9d is a t]m employ$ to designate ! collective acquirem5ts ( a man's bra94 ,9 proportion z ! acquirem5ts are great] or less1 ! m9d is great] or small]4 ,^! acquirem5ts may be simple1 complex1 or pr(\nd4 ,!y may be bias$1 g5]al1 or sci5tific2 !y may be deep1 le>n$1 or sup]ficial4 ,!y may be only a slight advance above ! g5]al animal in/9ct2 or may h assum$ a sup]ior intellig5ce & may h aris5 to a high] plane ( intellectual qualities4 ,! acquirem5t or evolution ( m5tal p[] & intellectual capacity dep5ds3 #a4 ,on ! con/itutionally inh]it$ capacity & capability4 #b4 ,on ! size & g5]al con=mation ( ! bra94 #c4 ,on ! p]fect condition ( ! organs ( special s5se4 #d4 ,on ! quality ( ! n]v\s /ructure4 #e4 ,on ! g5]al physical con/itution ( ! body4 #f4 ,on ! ev5ly balanc$ equilibrium betwe5 ! vital organs4 #g4 ,on ! *emical elem5t>y con/itu5ts t ent] into ! composition ( ! v>i\s tissues1 especially ! n]v\s tissue4 #h4 ,& la/ly on ! education1 tra9+1 or culture4 #i4 ,i may add1 sugge/ively1 on ! relative quantity & quality ( ! gray & :ite sub/ance ( ! bra91 etc41 & p]haps on ! dep? ( ! sulci & ! size ( ! convolutions & ! g5]al symmetry ( ! diff]5t lobes ( ! c]ebrum1 etc4 ,! bra9 ( an idiot is n susceptible to culture or education4 ,he has all ! s5ses1 b ( an inf]ior & imp]fect ord]2 a bra9 insuffici5t 9 quantity & quality to be capable ( acquir+ any?+4 ,no m9d c be =m$4 ,! idiot has n any intellect4 ,has he a s\l8 ,or suppos+ any portion ( ! bra9 is diseas$ & any "o ( ! special s5ses ceases to act1 z sight1 he>+1 or any "p ( ! muscul> tissue1 & ! intellect is impair$1 ei!r p>tially or :olly incapacitat$1 !n has ! s\l suff]$ any damage1 or does ! s\l rema9 intact8 ,or suppos+ t a *ild is born bl9d1 or t "s "o ( ! n]ve c5t]s controll+ c]ta9 faculties ( ! bra9 is abs5t1 & ! education is necess>ily limit$ to ! rema9+ n]ve c5t]s1 is ! s\l /ill complete & p]fect8 ,or 9 case ( *ange ( /ructure ( ! bra9 sub/ance1 z 9 s(t5+ ( ! bra92 or 9 case ( tumors1 blood clots 7?rombosis71 or syphilitic disease1 & p>alysis ei!r local or g5]al result+--dep5d+ on ! seat ( ! disease--:at has ! s\l to d ) x8 ,or 9 disease ( ! m5+es 7cov]+s72 or 9 case ( insanity1 :atev] morbid cause might h produc$ t condition1 :]e is ! s\l8 ,or :51 9 consequ5ce ( morbid *anges1 ! m5tal & physical expressions1 ! actions1 *ange1 (t5 extravagantly1 is ! s\l affect$ !reby8 ,:5 ! body is afflict$ ) disease1 does ! s\l suff]8 ,at :at p]iod ( fetal developm5t is x t ! s\l ent]s ! body8 ,or does x ent] at bir?8 ,! brea? ( life is ,oxyg54 ,)\t t elem5t "o c\ld n live4 ,)\t x ! newly born babe is m helpless ?an a l[] animal4 ,n a s+le special s5se is fully develop$4 ,! bra9 sub/ance is n fully develop$4 ,! babe has no p[] to w any?+4 ,x has no volition--except ! act ( nurs+1 & t is n a volunt>y act4 ,! organs ov] :i* w has no control are ! fir/ to act--an infant soils its l95 involunt>ily4 ,x imbibes n\ri%m5t1 z a mass ( protoplasm imbibes moi/ure4 ,x has nei!r w p[] nor desire4 ,x _c select4 ,x has nei!r k nor consci5ce4 ,s9ce none ( ! special s5ses is able to act1 x has no p]ception ( any k9d :atsoev]4 ,x exp]i5ces only two s5sations1 pa9 & hung]4 ,"y birds & o!r "y animals d ! same4 ,is !re any?+ 9 ?is newly born babe ( a sup]natural "*1 su* z a s\l1 _s2 ! k ( ,god1 or ( good & evil8 ,does !re exi/ 9 ?is mass ( organiz$ protoplasm any?+ t may be call$ div9e8 ,is !re aught innate8 ,no6 ,c]ta9ly n6 ,!re are :at may be t]m$ lat5t p[]s--n unlike lat5t heat--capable ( be+ evolv$4 ,y may fa%ion any?+ out ( x--9 ! religi\s l9e1 brutal or unciviliz$1 etc4 ,x w acquire any k9d ( spee*1 f ! h[l+ ( a dog to ! mo/ ref9$ language4 ,x w contract any habit1 f t ( ! l[e/ animal type to t ( ! mo/ ref9$ lady or g5tleman4 ,y may make ei!r a cannibal out ( x or ! mo/ fanta/ic gu/atorian4 ,x w ei!r crawl1 climb1 or walk4 ,x w live any:]e & anyh[4 ,x w ei!r p>ade nude1 be pa9t$1 or we> a bree*clo?1 or we> a swell dress coat1 or1 if x be a female1 a long trail+ skirt ) all sorts ( gewgaws4 ,9 religion y may make any?+ out ( ?is babe4 ,y may make x believe ! greate/ nons5se4 ,x w believe ?ree gods 9 "o or tw5ty-five gods 9 "o4 ,x w be a ,jew1 a ,*ri/ian1 a ,mohamm$an1 or ! l[e/ brute on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,?is mass ( vitaliz$ matt] is susceptible to tra9+4 ,! physical "p1 ! muscul> "p1 always develops & is readily tra9$4 ,9 a primitive /ate x requires b little discipl9e to acquire muscul> /r5g?4 ,! muscul> p[]s are ! fir/ to ass]t !mselves4 ,?is ma/] tissue1 :5ev] & :]ev] x excels1 receives honor & homage1 & prevails among its companions4 ,9 b>b>ic ages ?is 0 ! controll+ =ce1 ! rul+ _s1 ! gov]n+ p[]4 ,! n]v\s tissues require tea*+4 ,! s5ses mu/ be tra9$1 educat$1 cultur$1 ref9$4 ,! impressions receiv$ ?r\gh ! n]ve-c5t]s by ! s5ses are /or$ up 9 ! c]ebrum4 ,?\gh !y are at fir/ simple1 crude1 & incompreh5sible1 habit1 use1 or repetition enables !m to famili>ize u ) ! surr\nd+ objects4 ,if ! bra9 is fully =m$1 ! infantile education beg9s4 ,by con/ant repetition ( ! same acts1 ! s5se ( satisfaction f fe$+1 & ! s5se ( com=t f cleanl9ess1 are sl[ly e/abli%$ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! *ild4 ,hung]1 cold1 heat1 & moi/ure w cause x to manife/ its dissatisfaction by cry+4 ,x sleeps tw5ty out ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & wakes only to indicate its wants ( ei!r hung] or discom=t4 ,! m regul>ly x is f$1 & ! m cleanly x is kept1 ! m peacefully w x re/ & ! m s\ndly w x sleep4 ,:51 h[ev]1 an infant is born1 ?\gh physically fully develop$1 ) face fully =m$1 b acephal\s1 )\t bra9--t is1 :5 an arre/ ( developm5t has tak5 place--! babe _c live1 x _c brea!1 because ! pr9cipal "p ( ! n]v\s sy/em is want+--! m$ulla oblongata1 c]ebrum & c]ebellum1 etc4--?\gh ! lungs1 he>t1 & all o!r organs are p]fectly develop$4 ,?is arre/ ( developm5t may take place at any "t4 ,x is ?us t cong5ital mal=mations are produc$4 ,idiots are ?us =m$1 or any o!r inf]ior =mation ( bra9 may take place4 ,9 proportion z ! p>ts are pres5t or want+--! bra91 or r ! n]v\s sy/em--lat5t 7bett]1 inh]5t7 qualities = future capabilities exi/ or d n exi/4 ,suppos+ ! optic n]ve is arre/$ 9 its developm5t1 or any organ ) :i* x is imm$iately connect$1 ! special s5se ( sight is want+4 ,?\gh ! eye itself1 ! organ ( sight1 may be p]fect1 all ! tra9+ & education w nev] give x capability or skill 9 arts & sci5ces4 ,?is c nev] be acquir$ by t organ4 ,y _c educate t organ :i* y h n4 ,:atev] p]fect bra9 =mation exi/s may be tra9$1 fa%ion$1 educat$1 9 any "o ( ! ?\s&s ( directions "o pleases4 ,x may be giv5 any b5t or bias1 good1 bad1 or indiff]5t--dep5d+ ^u ! influ5ces t are br\ght to be> on ! "y bra9 :ile x is 9 ! process ( develop+4 ,an infant has no m9d1 intellect1 ?\ght1 idea1 memory1 or any o!r n]ve quality t n]ve /ructure is capable ( develop+4 ,talk ( s\l or _s is absurd4 ,x does n exi/ ei!r 9 infant or 9 man any m ?an x exi/s 9 a plant or an animal--unless ! t]m is appli$ to ! collective functions ( ! great c5tral organs1 & 9 t case x w\ld c]ta9ly n be sup]natural4 ,at ! "t :5 ! books ( ,moses 7 writt5--we ne$ n ev5 g s f> back z :5 ! fable ( creation 0 fir/ relat$--!y knew no?+ ( circulation or ( respiration1 or ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,x 0 n ev5 ?\ght (4 ,i believe y may se>* ! ,bible f end to beg9n+ & f beg9n+ to end )\t f9d+ su* a ?+4 ,no su* ^w z bra9 is m5tion$4 ,:at is kn[n ( ! n]v\s sy/em is1 comp>atively speak+1 ( rec5t date4 ,:at seems mo/ m>vel\s is1 t we1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 boa/+ ( a high grade ( civilization1 &1 ,i may say1 ) all ! mod]n improvem5ts1 %\ld accept & /ill hold fa/ to an idea t orig9at$ 9 ! bra9 ( "s b>b>ian f\r ?\s& or m ye>s ago1 away d[n 9 ,mesopotamia 7n[ ,turkey7 :]e !y are /ill consid]$ unciviliz$4 ,?is is c]ta9ly v /range4 ,b ah6 t prie/craft6 ,,! ,,m9d4 ,all ! organs 9 ! body are capable ( p]=m+ _! functions ! mom5t ! *ild is born4 ,mo/ organs h p]=m$ _! functions prior to ! *ild's bir?4 ,circulation1 respiration1 dige/ion1 secretion1 & excretion--^! functions are p]=m$ at once4 ,^! are involunt>y1 & require no educational tra9+4 ,!y are p]=m$ :ile ! organism is o!rwise entirely helpless4 #a4 ,! fir/ few weeks4-- ,! n]v\s sy/em is n develop$4 ,! special s5ses are n responsive--nei!r sight1 he>+1 ta/e1 nor smell4 ,!re are no volunt>y muscul> movem5ts1 no cord9ations ( muscles4 ,n]v\s & muscul> tissues undevelop$4 ,special s5ses undevelop$1 no recognition4 ,x has no m9d--no faculties1 morality1 intellect1 memory1 reason1 judgm5t4 ,9 %ort1 x has no?+ innate--no pr9ciple ( ei!r ,god1 s\l1 or religion4 ,no w p[]4 ,! muscul> & n]v\s tissues are n yet able to p]=m _! functions1 except su* z are reflex & ( an involunt>y "*4 ,no expression4 #b4 ,a few weeks aft] bir?4-- ,impressions ( light p]ceptible4 ,s5sations slightly improv$4 ,expression /ill blank4 ,no volition4 ,no recognition4 ,cry ! only s\nd4 #c4 ,?ree mon?s4-- ,special s5ses improv$4 ,! eye /eadi]4 ,! *ild beg9s to recognize its "m1 etc4 ,utt]s s\nds ( satisfaction4 ,p]ceives s\nds indi/9ctly4 ,no cord9ate movem5t4 ,upp] extremities m active4 ,expression ( face improv$--smiles4 #d4 ,six mon?s4-- ,muscul> tissues m develop$--crawls4 ,no cord9ation ( muscul> action4 ,sight improv$--recognizes "m1 fa!r1 etc4 ,excretions involunt>y4 ,expressions ( pa9 & satisfaction m palpable4 ,he>+ improv$--li/5s to s\nds4 ,playfulness4 ,makes s\nds ( satisfaction & dissatisfaction m di/9ctly4 ,no articulation4 #e4 ,"o ye>4-- ,special s5ses m develop$4 ,cord9ation /ill imp]fect4 ,excretion involunt>y4 ,upp] extremities m active4 ,fe> manife/$4 ,! dawn ( want4 ,recognizes a few objects4 ,pleasure express$ z well z ang]4 ,likes & dislikes exhibit$ 9 "s degree4 ,beg9n+ ( articulation4 ,s\nds m di/9ctly recogniz$4 ,sight m p]fect4 ,ta/e slightly develop$4 ,smell--no discrim9ation4 ,a *ild "o ye> old--7a7 ,recognizes its p>5ts imp]fectly4 ,has slight cord9ate movem5t ( ! upp] extremities1 & beg9n+ ( cord9ation ( ! l[] extremities4 ,manife/s its wants by mak+ noises1 b has no articulation4 ,s5sations ( pleasure1 pa91 & ang] are m pla9ly express$4 ,playfulness is great]4 ,fe> is exhibit$4 7b7 ,x has no m9d1 no intellect1 no w p[]4 ,no ,god1 no religion1 no s\l4 ,no ?\ght1 no idea1 no consci5ce4 ,no faculties1 no memory1 no judgm5t4 ,no k ( objects1 or numb]s4 ,x kn[s no?+ ( comp>ison1 relation1 lib]ty1 morality1 love1 hate1 %ame1 joy1 sorr[1 despair1 envy1 ambition1 pride1 etc41 etc4 #f4 ,second ye>4-- ,! ma/] tissues beg9 to p]=m _! functions--! muscul> & n]v\s tissues4 ,dige/ive app>atus m completely develop$ by ! appe>ance ( tee?4 ,all ! special s5ses m susceptible4 ,volunt>y muscles beg9 to act1 ?\gh imp]fectly4 ,cord9ation /ill unc]ta94 ,muscles ( articulation attempt to produce articulate s\nd--beg9n+ to imitate4 ,recognizes "s objects2 _c discrim9ate4 ,! s5se ( ta/e %[s signs ( developm5t4 ,! s5se ( smell--no discrim9ation4 ,! s5se ( he>+ recognizes simple s\nds--voice4 ,! s5se ( sight m di/9ct4 ,! s5se ( feel+ slightly improv$4 ,attract$ by bright-color$ objects4 ,selfi%ness exhibit$--seizes objects indiscrim9ately4 ,%[s fe>2 kn[s no?+ ( dang]4 ,manife/ation ( affection t[>d ^? :o c>e & provide = its com=t4 ,excretions /ill pass involunt>ily4 ,responds feebly to calls4 ,playful4 ,cognizant ( light & d>kness1 indoors & out ( doors4 ,%[s signs ( pref]5ce4 ,tra9+ beg9s2 involunt>y acts *eck$ to a slight ext5t only4 ,at ! end ( ! second ye> ! *ild 7a7 recognizes its p>5ts & o!rs ab\t x4 ,has cord9ate movem5ts comp>atively correct ( bo? l[] & upp] extremities4 ,may manife/ its wants by imp]fect articulation4 ,! s5sations ( pleasure1 pa91 & ang] are m emphatic4 7b7 ,! w p[] is slight4 ,! memory is v feeble4 ,discrim9ation beg9s 9 simple matt]s4 #g4 ,?ird ye>4-- ,tra9+ progresses4 ,cord9ation complete4 ,n]ve c5t]s =m$4 ,w p[] attempt$4 ,x dep5ds at ?is age ^u ! surr\nd+s--! guidance1 att5tion1 direction giv5 to ! *ild4 ,x is m susceptible to impression4 ,memory improv+4 ,p]ception manife/$1 b little discrim9ation4 ,articulates m p]fectly4 ,imitates to "s ext5t4 ,excretion controll$4 ,playful1 active4 ,all ! s5ses "w4 ,m subject to discipl9e--obeys m readily4 ,tea*able 9 "r & wrong ( a simple "*4 ,likes & dislikes m prom95t4 ,recognizes objects4 ,beg9s to pron\nce4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod !re is no manife/ation ( any?+ innate4 ,! *ild kn[s no?+4 ,only ! muscul> tissues are m active1 & ! n]v\s tissues m susceptible to tea*+4 ,x has no faculty ( any k9d4 ,! functions ( ! bra9 are m di/9ctly manife/ ?r\gh ! organs ( special s5se4 ,! *ild w become j :at y make x2 ?\gh ! lat5t inh]it$ qualities w give impulse to "s directions m ?an o!rs4 ,?us incl9ations & susceptibilities are awak5$ t may lead to great] or less di/9ction4 ,all t ! *ild ?us f> has develop$ is in/9ctive1 *eck$ & modifi$ by ^? 9 ^: c>e x is4 ,! animal nature pr$om9ates1 & ! *ild at ?is /age w become a brute if left to itself4 ,if ! prop] tra9+1 tea*+1 discipl9e1 or education is f ?is "t =? prop]ly appli$ & ! lat5t p[] judici\sly br\ght out1 m9d & intellectual qualities may be develop$--diff]+ 9 degree & int5sity--by ! bias or b5t giv5 to ! functions ( ! great n]v\s c5t]4 ,on ! culture ( ?is organ dep5ds ! k9d ( creature we may h :5 full gr[n 9 ! %ape ( ei!r man or woman4 ,any k9d ( s5tim5t1 belief1 or sup]/ition1 prejudice1 hate1 brutality1 humanity or inhumanity1 good or bad habits1 vici\s or b5ign--) no end to ! v>iety1 su* z we witness among ourselves & among ! v>i\s nations ^u e>?--may be inculcat$4 ,x is bra9 function1 bra9 culture1 bra9 education1 t produces great] or less] m9ds1 t evolves f m]e intellig5ce ! highe/ intellectual p[]s1 t m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & man f ! meane/ savage to ! greate/ philosoph] & sci5ti/4 ,bra9 may ex]cise w p[] )\t tra9+1 culture1 or education4 ,! muscles may ex]cise /r5g? )\t tra9+1 culture1 or education4 ,x is ! sy/ematic att5tion ( ! "o z ( ! o!r1 ! frequ5t repetition1 /eady practice1 t produces skill 9 ! "o1 z 9 ! o!r2 x is ! pati5t application & p]sev]ance 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r1 su/a9$ by con/itutional endurance1 t makes ! exp]t 9 ! "o z well z 9 ! o!r4 ,x is ! unit$ =ces ( ! ma/] tissues t h produc$ all t is & 01 & w cont9ue to produce all t ev] w be4 ,s\l is ! product ( ! imag9ation4 ,x has no immortality1 because x has no exi/5ce4 ,!re are a class ( m5 t are int]e/$ 9 su/a9+ ! delusion2 ^! are ! prie/hood4 ,:at we want is n ! salvation ( s\ls1 b ! salvation ( man4 ,if s\l is ! collective "n ( bra9 product1 or comb9$ result ( bra9 function & education1 we ne$ n disagree ab\t ! ^w4 ,b if x is insi/$ ^u t ! ^w s\l means some?+ di/9ct & ap>t f ! animal body1 a sup]natural manife/ation1 a sup]natural gift or end[m5t1 giv5 to man at bir? & to man only1 & t ?is piece ( suppos$ ,god ent]s ! body at "s p]iod dur+ bir? & quits ! body at dea?1 x is n true6 ,on ! contr>y1 x is false4 ,man has no s\l1 nor has any o!r animal1 except t p[] t is produc$ by ! n]v\s mat]ial4 ,! bra9 has a function to p]=m1 l e o!r tissue 9 ! body4 ,! muscul> tissue1 ! liv] tissue1 etc41 ea* p]=m _! function4 ,! great n]v\s c5t]s & ! special s5ses1 be+ intimately connect$1 c>ry all impressions direct to ! bra92 ! ret5tion ( impressions1 ! memoriz+1 ! recollection1 ! =mation ( ideas1 ( ?\ght1 imag9ation1 are ! imm$iate functions ( ! n]v\s sub/ance4 ,^! are secret$ 9 a simil> mann] z ! pancreas secretes pancreat92 ) ?is di/9ction1 t pancreat9 is a fluid1 :ile ! quality ( n]ve function is a =ce1 a p[]1 a manife/ation1 or ph5om5on if y *oose4 ,electricity is a product ( a simil> nature4 ,!re are o!r =ces ( a nature simil> 9 "*1 ! result ( *emical comb9ations4 ,let ! blood be ov]*>g$ ) c>bonic acid & circulate 9 ! bra91 ! n]ve tissue w at fir/ act irregul>ly1 next v erratically1 & f9ally /op its function altoge!r4 ,! function ( ! bra9 is p>tially susp5d$ 9 c]ta9 diseases1 z 9 hy/]ia1 epilepsy1 & *orea or convulsions4 ,& :]e !re is no bra91 or little bra91 !re is no function or v little function4 ,! v>iety ( bra91 ) its inequality ( size1 quantity1 quality1 ! h]$it>y fail+s1 opportunity1 tra9+1 education1 all1 & mu* m1 make up ! sum total ( m9d4 ,z y educate ! bra91 s ! m9d w be4 ,x w exhibit en]gy & endurance1 & p]=m its functions1 9 proportion z ! n]v\s /ructure is heal?y1 ! *emical con/itu5ts ev5ly balanc$1 & ! equilibrium ( all ! organs & tissues ( ! body ev5ly & smoo?ly ma9ta9$1 s t ! molecul> & *emical or vital & n]v\s elem5ts ( ! bra9 p]=m ea* & e "o its prop] (fice4 ,!re is no immortality ( ! s\l1 nor is !re su* a ?+ z dea? ( in/9ct4 ,!re is no?+ immortal except ! elem5t>y sub/ances1 prop]2 !y _c be de/roy$4 ,all live bodies function1 no matt] h[ small or h[ simple2 complex bodies also function1 & ea* & e organ t ent]s into ! composition p]=ms its function4 ,e phase1 e ph5om5on1 is a manife/ation ( matt]4 ,?und]/orm1 lightn+1 electricity1 or ?\ght--:atsoev] x may be1 call x by any o!r "n1 designate x or describe x h[ y w1 we _c sep>ate any object f ?is t]re/rial globe ( matt]4 ,! elem5ts compos+ ?is _w gave bir? to life1 life manife/s its en]gies 9 _m =ms1 !n returns aga9 to ! great ocean ( elem5ts :5ce x came4 ,no s\l y w ev] f9d1 ,tru/ n 9 its life or dea?2 ,education makes ! m9d2 ,oxyg5 is ! life's brea?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,s9 ,,& ,,salvation4 ,:at is s98 ,if we are able to asc]ta9 :at s9 is1 we %all probably und]/& :y salvation %\ld be ext5d$ to ! "o t s9s1 or to a community ( s9n]s4 ,ev]y?+ has a beg9n+4 ,we draw our d$uctions by comp>ison4 ,m5 judge 9 "p by _! own exp]i5ce1 & 9 "p by ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,we see :at is go+ on 9 our daily active life1 h[ e "w or ent]prise1 society or society re=m1 is />t$ & set 9 active op]ation4 ,e beg9n+ is crude & awkw>d4 ,rules adopt$ to gov]n a family circle1 j> & *afe :5 introduc$ to gov]n l>g] bodies ( individuals4 ,:at may seem good = a h\sehold gov]nm5t w\ld h>dly be suitable = a community1 & ! rules regulat+ ! g5]al community w\ld h>dly be available = a p or a nation4 ,modifications 9 ! rule ( conduct are inevitable z families or communities increase num]ically4 ,!y may be sl[1 imp]ceptible1 & cause little di/urbance4 ,b sudd5 & radical *anges produce q ano!r effect4 ,!y may cause simple irritation or friction among ! elem5ts compos+ ! family or community1 may cause tempor>y emb>rassm5t1 or may cause an eruption ) consid]able commotion1 & accompani$ ) m or less s]i\s effects4 ,*ange 9 ! me?ods ( conduct+ & regulat+ ! affairs ( mank9d1 individually or collectively1 9 small family gr\ps or 9 l>ge communities1 has ev] be5 a matt]1 n only ( great int]e/ & deep conc]n to mank9d1 b also ( bitt] dispute1 conflict1 & ho/ility4 ,x has ev] be5 ?us1 f ! "t intellig5ce sup]s$$ in/9ct1 ) attempts to introduce innovations1 new or improv$ me?ods regulat+ ! conduct ( ei!r individuals or communities1 or ! g5]al affairs ( man4 ,individual mu/ yield to family1 family to community1 community to p1 & p to nation4 ,rules once e/abli%$1 no matt] h[ rude1 vulg>1 or b>b>\s1 or h[ enlight5$ & b5eficial1 7 adopt$ to secure a g5]al uni=mity ( conduct or l9e ( action = ea* individual or family belong+ to ! community or p1 = :at 0 consid]$ ! be/ int]e/ ( ! :ole1 & _! mutual b5efit & safety4 ,! mo/ primitive rules 7 in/9ctively adopt$ 9 ! l[] ord] ( animal life1 ! laws ( self-pres]vation & mutual protection4 ,! individual conduct1 9 ei!r family or community life1 is gov]n$ accord+ly4 ,t is v evid5t1 & requires b little obs]vation to f9d ! secret spr+ t expla9s ! necessity = its exi/5ce4 ,if a community1 :e!r animals or m51 are favorably locat$1 h ample provision & com=t1 !y w live 9 peace & cont5tm5t1 ?rive1 develop1 )\t friction or tr\ble4 ,let a lack ( food arise1 or let ! numb]s increase & produce a sc>city1 /rife is inevitable4 ,new1 o!r ?an peaceful1 me?ods are adopt$4 ,ei!r !y qu>rel & battle among !mselves1 or !y g 9 se>* ( food else:]e--emigrate1 9 "p or z a :ole4 ,if !y meet ) opposition1 !y w fight--! /ronge/ takes possession1 might ass]ts its "r1 & ! conqu]] becomes ! rul+ p[]4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( human civilization1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 ! simple/ primitive rules 7 e/abli%$ = ! conduct & guidance ( ! individual liv+ 9 ! community--=1 ( c\rse1 mutual protection & self-pres]vation4 ,humanity 9 a b>b>\s /ate adopt$ ^! rules1 & h&$ !m d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation until at l5g? !y 7 codifi$ into laws4 ,:at are !y8 ,honor ?y p>5ts4 ,d n commit murd]4 ,d n take ano!r man's wife4 ,d n be> false witness4 ,d n take any?+ belong+ to ano!r4 ,^! are laws = self-pres]vation & mutual protection6 ,if su* simple rules 7 n recogniz$ & e/abli%$1 nei!r life nor prop]ty w\ld be safe4 ,de/ruction ( life & =cible possession ( prop]ty w\ld naturally lead to ext]m9ation4 ,! family union is in/9ctive4 ,! fa!r1 l ! lead] ( a flock1 is 9 au?ority4 ,he is fe>$1 !re=e honor$4 ,a community soon le>ns f exp]i5ce t 9 union is /r5g?4 ,h]ds ( cattle seem to "k ?is1 & are ev] ready to protect & def5d !mselves collectively4 ,! l[e/ savages1 b>b>ians1 obs]ve among !mselves ! fir/1 yes1 primitive rules to gov]n !m 9 community1 9 family4 ,^! rules arose f necessity4 ,x 0 = ea* individual's int]e/1 = family int]e/1 & = ! int]e/ ( ! community at l>ge1 to adopt ^! rules1 obey !m & h !m obey$4 ,^! rules 7 = individual welf>e1 & = ! common welf>e ( ! community at l>ge1 ! pres]vation ( _! lives & ! protection ( _! life & prop]ty4 ,s long z any community ( human be+s1 :atev] be _! condition1 h ample provision to satisfy _! wants1 & are secure f depr$ations f )\t1 !re w be no tr\ble4 ,happ9ess & cont5tm5t1 z well z peace & prosp]ity1 w *>act]ize _! /ate4 ,z to ! relation betwe5 males & females1 t regulates itself4 ,all communities1 b>b>ians & savages1 h always "s g5]al recogniz$ rule to guide !m4 ,female *a/ity is secure among all nations1 high & l[1 civiliz$ & unciviliz$1 :e!r !y are decorat$ 9 a complete suit ( nudity1 a gauze cov]+1 or a ball-room dress4 ,!re is no necessity ( go+ back f\r or five ?\s& ye>s4 ,cs> relates 7,lib4 vi1 #ba7 t ! ,g]mans 7 9 complete undress co/ume :5 ba?+ promiscu\sly2 yet !y _h _! cu/oms ( m>riage & m>riage c]emonies4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we h _h ! same cu/oms & may h aga94 ,:5 ,columbus arriv$ at "o ( ! isl&s ( ! ,c>ibs1 #adid1 a cacique & 8 family paid him a visit4 ,?is family consi/$ ( two daught]s1 five sons1 & five bro!rs4 ,"o ( ! daught]s 0 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 beautiful 9 =m & c\nt5ance2 h] si/] some:at y\ng]2 bo? 7 nak$1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ^! isl&s1 b 7 ( mode/ demeanor 7,irv+74 ,z a fur!r illu/ration ,i quote f ,irv+'s description ( ! p t ,pet] ,m>tyr met )4 ,he relates3 ,x is c]ta9 t ! l& among ! p is z common z ! sun & wat]2 & t 'm9e & ?9e1' ! se$ ( all mis*ief1 h no place ) !m4 ,!y are cont5t ) s little1 t 9 s l>ge a c\ntry !y h r sup]fluity ?an sc>c5ess2 s !y seem to live 9 ! gold5 _w1 )\t toil1 liv+ 9 op5 g>d5s2 n intr5*$ ) dykes1 divid$ ) h$ges1 or def5d$ ) walls4 ,!y deal truly "o ) ano!r1 )\t laws1 )\t books1 )\t judges4 ,!y take him = an evil & mis*iev\s man :o take? pleasure 9 do+ hurt to ano!r2 & albeit !y delight n 9 sup]fluities1 yet !y make provision = ! increase ( su* roots :]e( !y make _! bread1 cont5t ) su* simple diet1 :]eby heal? is pres]v$ & disease avoid$4 ,possibly some:]e on ! ,african cont95t !re may /ill exi/ a p t live a life z simple & z happy z ^? 9 ! "t ( ,columbus4 ,b ev]y?+ mu/ yield be=e nor!rn en]gy & ,*ri/ian gre$2 besides1 ! new-com]s ne$ ! l& = _! surplus population4 ,may we n ask1 ,is n our pres5t high /ate ( civilization ! natural outcome ( our necessities 9 ! /ruggle to exi/8 ,is n our high /ate ( n]v\s developm5t l>gely due to t /ruggle8 ,indol5ce & inactivity produce no?+4 ,activity & dilig5ce produce & inv5t all ?+s4 ,all wrongful acts committ$ are ei!r injuries done to ourselves1 or injuries inflict$ ^u o!rs4 ,injuries done to ourselves are n necess>ily s9s4 ,onanism1 = example1 is unque/ionably injuri\s1 yet is n recogniz$ z a s94 ,x leads to ! insane asylum1 & 9 _m in/ances und]lies religi\s insanity4 ,!re are o!r disgu/+ practices t are nei!r injuri\s nor recogniz$ z s9s4 ,! /oma* commits no s91 b leads nev]!less to _m wrongs1 to "o's self4 ,all crimes are s9s1 b all s9s are n crimes4 ,& all injuries done to o!rs are acc\nt$ bo? s9s & crimes4 ,:at seems v /range yet is wond]fully true is t all s9s & crimes aga9/ o!rs f9d _! orig9 9 ! indulg5ce ( ei!r /oma* or sexual organs4 ,/>vation may lead to crime4 ,hung] (t5 drives to !ft4 ,extravagance1 lu/1 & luxury lead to any v>iety ( crime1 f =g]y to appropriat+ ano!r man's wife4 ,9 ! gratification ( ^? two organs1 passions1 we f9d ! cradle ( all crime4 ,& :at we call morality means ! prop] regulation ( ^! passions1 ( ^! organs4 ,! *ur* occasionally takes cognizance ( s9s1 :5 discov]$1 t d n come )9 ! category ( crime1 z 0 se5 rec5tly 9 ! case ( a ,major ,!obald :o s$uc$ 8 niece :ile nurs+ 8 invalid wife2 he 0 susp5d$ = "o ye>1 b sav$ 8 s\l6 ,all our civil ju/ices 9 ! city ( ,new ,york are kept busy to regulate & to puni% ov]9dulg5ces ( ! /oma* & "s o!r petty wrongs4 ,our crim9al c\rts are kept busy 9 puni%+ ^? :o h wrongfully appropriat$ o!r p's prop]ty1 or injur$ or kill$ ano!r4 ,! sup]ior civil c\rts att5d to ! disputes ab\t prop]ty4 ,:y d ^? :o adopt = _! mode ( livelihood ! pr(ession ( !ology want to ex]cise salvation8 ,:at h !y to save8 ,let u exam9e = :at s9s ! ,deluge 0 br\ght1 ,sodom & ,gomorrah 7 de/roy$1 & ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$4 ,! pr9cipal scriptural s9s3 ,ca9 commits murd]1 f jeal\sy1 because ,god pref]r$ meat to vegetables 7,g54 iv1 #h74 ,g54 vi1 #e3 ,& ,god saw t ! wick$ness ( man 0 great 9 ! e>?1 & t e imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t 0 only evil cont9ually4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is s5t5ce is absurd4 ,! he>t _c imag9e1 or ?9k4 ,! function ( ! he>t is ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,:at ?is wick$ness consi/$ (1 we d n "k4 ,hi/ory has no record exactly :]e ?is ,flood or ,deluge took place4 ,t x 0 localiz$ is c]ta94 ,x 0 9 all probability no?+ m ?an an ov]fl[ ( ! riv] ,euphrates--t is jo9$ by ! riv] ,tigris1 & t]m9ates 9 ! ,gulf ( ,p]sia--9 consequ5ce ( a s]ies ( consecutive ra9/orms1 etc41 & ,god _h z mu* to d ) ?is suppos$ deluge z he has to d ) any deluge 9 ! ,mississippi valley :5 t riv] ov]fl[s4 ,g54 vi1 #f3 ,& x rep5t$ ! ,"l t he _h made man on ! e>? & x griev$ him at 8 he>t4 ,n[ we are gett+ at ,god's anatomy6 ,man may labor "u delusions--he> voices1 etc4 ,all ^? extravagant /atem5ts are p]fectly excusable f our mod]n /&po9t4 ,all ?is wick$ness is suppos$ to h tak5 place #bcdh be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & we h /ill ! same sort ( wick$ness on e>? z !re 0 !n4 ,b>b>ians inhabit$ t region--rude1 crude1 half-civiliz$ h]dsm51 n mu* sup]ior to our ,indians4 ,m9d+ _! flocks & increas+ _! families 0 _! ma9 occupation4 ,abraham made no scruples 9 cohabit+ ) ,miss ,hag>1 ,s>ah's maid2 nor _h ,jacob any objections to ,miss ,bilhah1 ,ra*el's maid1 nor did he scruple to accommodate ,miss ,zilpha1 ,leah's maid1 & lat] we read h[ ,reub5 lay ) ,bilhah1 ,jacob's mi/ress4 ,%e*em s$uc$ ,d9a1 ,jacob's daught]4 ,h] bro!rs ,simon & ,levi kill$ all ! males1 etc4 ,at ?is "t1 we le>n1 h>lots 7 9 fa%ion4 ,we h x recit$1 crime aft] crime--accord+ to our mod]n notions--yet ^! b>b>ians 7 ,god's own p6 ,aft] kill+ ,%e*em1 & ,hamor 8 fa!r1 & all ! re/ ( ! males1 !y took possession ( _! prop]ty4 ,lot & 8 daught]s is ano!r in/ance ( biblical e?ics4 ,?is b>b>ian family1 ^! %eph]ds1 _h _! fir/ exp]i5ce 9 civilization :5 !y rea*$ ,egypt1 & :atev] !y practic$ lat] 0 adopt$ f t nation4 ,!y _h receiv$ "s tra9+ "u ,egyptian rule = ne>ly f\r hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod we he> no?+ ( s9 or transgression4 ,no soon] 7 !y organiz$ z a community ?an ! s9s1 transgressions1 & wick$ness broke out anew1 & cont9u$ "r along 9 a great] or less] degree ?r\gh ! patri>*al p]iod1 !ocratic p]iod1 & mon>*ial p]iod4 ,dur+ ! entire national exi/5ce ( ne>ly "o ?\s& ye>s to _! captivity1 we h recit$ s9s1 transgressions1 & crime1 crime1 transgressions1 & s92 & all are p]fectly human1 p]fectly natural among b>b>ians1 savages1 half-civiliz$1 & ev5 civiliz$ p4 ,:e!r ,david lu/s aft] a nude woman1 or ,amnon =ces 8 own si/]1 x reveals ! weakness ( animal human nature1 & is a brea* ( ! recogniz$ laws1 & a lack ( discipl9e4 ,all ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t ! same /ory is repeat$--s5suality1 cruelty1 & crime2 & rebellion aga9/ ! e/abli%$ laws4 ,x is ! burd5 ( song & ( prophecy--gre$ & scramble = p[]1 ! cause ( cont9ual diss5sion4 ,! only "t ! ,jews 7 reasonably quiet 0 :5 !y 7 ext]m9at+ o!r nations1 plund]+ & tak+ =cible possession ( _! wom5 & female *ildr5 z well z _! prop]ty4 ,! great burd5 ( s9 ?r\gh\t ! ,old ,te/am5t consi/s 9 ! infr+em5t ( ! law e/abli%$ by ,moses1 to wor%ip no o!r god except ! "o he manufactur$--t is1 a ,god end[$ ) all brutality & s5suality1 )\t a repres5tative =m1 a ,god t _h all ! s5ses & c\ld utilize !m4 ,! wood5 idol _h ^! organs b c\ld n use !m1 :ile ! ,mosaic ,god _h !m n b c\ld ex]cise all ! functions ( animal life4 ,9 ! light ( hi/ory1 all ages display ! same process 9 ! human m9d--! same passions & ! same t5d5cies1 held m or less "u re/ra9t1 accord+ to ! laws1 cu/oms1 & habits ( ! p4 ,! ,jews dur+ _! :ole c>e] 7 m or less idolators1 & 7 cont9ually relaps+ into ! idolatry1 ( "s "o k9d or ano!r1 ( dead m51 :i* 0 practic$ "u diff]5t cele/ial or animal emblems 9 ! neighbor+ c\ntries4 ,& x 0 n end$ until aft] ! ,babyloni% captivity1 #ehh ,b4,c41 & :5 ,ezra return$ to ,j]usalem1 #eeg ,b4,c41 :o collect$ ! v>i\s manuscripts & put !m into "s sort ( %ape & />t$ to rebuild ! ,temple4 ,?is ev5t took place dur+ ! reign ( ,x]xes son ( ,d>ius4 ,ezra & 8 companions _h be5 educat$ mean:ile4 ,!y _h enjoy$ ! privilege ( a ,babylonian education4 ,!y _h ! advantage ( _! le>n+1 _! philosophy4 ,n[ !y return$ bett] equipp$ m5tally ?an ev] !y 7 be=e _! captivity4 ,& = ! fir/ "t !y began to call !mselves holy se$ 7*apt] ix74 ,!y _h int]m>ri$ ) ! ,canaanites1 ,hittites1 ,p]izzites1 ,jebusites1 ,ammonites1 ,moabites1 ,egyptians1 ,amorites1 etc41 7v]se #b7 s t ! holy se$ h m+l$ !mselves ) ! p ( ^? l&s4 ,v]se #f1 ?is prie/ goes into hy/]ics3 ,o my ,god1 ,i am a%am$ & blu% to lift up my face to !e1 etc4 ,*apt] x3 ,he prays1 confesses1 & weeps & ca/s himself d[n be=e ! h\se ( ,god1 etc4 ,v]se #aa3 ,& sep>ate y\rself f ! p ( ! l&1 & f ! /range wives4 ,( c\rse _! wives 7 s5t adrift4 ,t 0 ! fir/ "t 9 _! hi/ory t m>riages 7 re/rict$ to _! own nation4 ,?is also is ! fir/ :olesale divorce on record4 ,int]m>riages !y _h be5 guilty ( = _m c5turies1 & !y 7 nev] acc\nt$ a s9 until ! "t ( ,ezra4 ,aft] ?is re=mation ! same s9s cont9ue1 int]m>riages p]haps except$4 ,! animal pr$om9at$1 z x naturally w\ld4 ,selfi%ness 0 m prom95t ?an ev]4 ,!y knew ! value ( gold1 & onyx /one1 & bdellium4 ,god _h told !m all ab\t x 9 ,g54 ii1 #aa1 #ab4 ,! comm]cial ent]prise />t$ ) creation1 & has cont9u$4 ,jehova _h n half ! romance & ! poesy ( ,zeus or ,jupit]4 ,! latt] _h all ! ,grecian ref9em5t1 :ile ! =m] _h all ! b>b>ity ( ,*aldea4 ,?us1 ! id5tical s9s cont9u$ ?r\gh ! rema9+ c5turies until ,*ri/ made 8 entry on ?is _w's /age4 ,he came opportunely4 ,x 0 at a "t ( great agitation4 ,judea 0 a ,roman prov9ce4 ,pontius ,pilate 0 gov]nor4 ,corruption1 fraud1 & crimes ( all descriptions 7 practic$ & fl\ri%$4 ,! ,temple s]v$ z a place = b>t] & bus9ess4 ,s$ition1 p>ricide1 gre$1 & s$uction 7 ! rul+ crimes & passions4 ,fanatics1 h]etics1 & blasphem]s 7 abundant4 ,!re 7 any numb] ( religi\s factions1 qu>rel+ & fight+ among !mselves1 hat+ "o ano!r he>tily1 & do+ "o ano!r z mu* mis*ief z 9 _! p[] lay4 ,! frequ5t contact ) =eign invad+ nations br\ght new notions1 new cu/oms & usages4 ,new ideas consequ5tly develop$--s9s & salvation ( s\ls4 ,& humility & meekness 7 put =? aga9/ arrogance ( weal?1 dom9e]+1 & prie/ly oppression4 ,communi/ic & sociali/ic ideas are always a prolific field = ! hungry1 poor1 & />v+4 ,give u ?is day our daily bread1 & =give u our debts1 etc4 7,matt4 vi1 #aa1 #ab74 ,*ri/'s camel & ne$le /ory confirms x4 ,! result 0 he _h a foll[+1 prea*$ re=mation1 & accusation & p]secution put an end to 8 life4 ,x _h tak5 root1 & a new sect 0 =m$4 ,0 8 life sacrific$ = ! s9s ( humanity8 ,nons5se6 ,?is "y man's dea? has n reliev$ any "o1 mu* m all future g5]ations1 ( _! s9s4 ,:at8 ,sacrifice a man to ,god 9 place ( %eep & cattle8 ,s long z m5 h s5ses & passions1 s long z we h extremes ( pov]ty & weal?1 s9 rema9s4 ,! prev5tion ( s9 has nev] be5 ! function ( ! *ur*4 ,! trespasses ( ! natural laws 7 n prop]ly und]/ood1 & ! masses are n educat$ up to t /&>d ev5 n[4 ,ea* man & woman pays ! p5alty if he or %e trespass aga9/ h] or himself2 & if !y trespass or s9 aga9/ ano!r1 our civil laws take c>e ( t "p4 ,has humanity improv$ s9ce ! com+ ( ,*ri/8 ,:]e d y f9d x8 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*8 ,!y h two k9ds ( s91 mortal & v5ial s94 ,mortal s9 entails spiritual dea?4 ,v5ial s9 does n4 ,m\nta9s ( lit]ature h be5 writt5 ^u t "o subject4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( m5 h assum$ ! task ( salvation = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s4 ,:at h !y accompli%$8 ,:at h ! popes1 bi%ops1 & prie/s done8 ,& :at are !y do+ n[8 ,( :at use are !y8 ,!y h be5 m ( a curse to ! _w ?an a b5efit4 ,we are too busy to look back at popi% hi/ory1 ! p[]1 ! ignorance1 ! sup]/ition1 ! d>kness1 & ! p]secution t ov]%ad[$ ! _w dur+ ! popes' tyrannical & blood?ir/y rule4 ,gre$1 ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! *ur*m51 readily f9ds means to raise money = _! use & b5efit4 ,9 #aeag !y sold indulg5ces = pa/ & future s9s4 ,e crime 0 p>don$4 ,lu!r & re=mation came4 ,did ?is *ange or eradicate ! evil8 ,no6 ,god1 ,*ri/1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,virg9 ,m>y1 etc41 assum$ only a mild] role1 only a slight trans=mation4 ,! ,ca?olic *ur* has be5 ! greate/ curse ( any *ur* t ev] exi/$4 ,!y />t$ _! ana!mas 7curses7 at ,nice #cbe ,a4,d41 & h cont9u$ curs+1 ?r\gh ! tw5tie? c\ncil at ,tr5t1 #aedf ,a4,d41 & /ill cont9ue4 ,_! p[] has to "s ext5t be5 modifi$1 b ! _s ( intol]ance only slumb]s4 ,!y readily accommodate !mselves to circum/ances4 ,if !y _c rule ! nation1 !y w seize ! s*ools & tra9 ! "y1 inculcat+ ob$i5ce to ! *ur*--t ! y\? %all be subs]vi5t to ! prie/ & yield up _! e>n+s to ! pope's treasure4 ,^! are support$ by ! masses1 assi/$ by ! /ate1 to tea* /uff l ! foll[+ sample3 ,,! ,,litany ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94 ,we fly to ?y patronage1 ,o holy "m ( ,god6 ,despise n our petitions1 b deliv] u f all dang]s1 ,o ev] glori\s & bless$ ,virg96 ,"l h m]cy on u4 ,*ri/ h m]cy on u4 ,"l h m]cy on u4 ,*ri/ he> u4 ,*ri/ graci\sly he> u4 ,god ! fa!r ( heav5 h m]cy on u4 ,god ! son1 r$eem] ( ! _w1 h m]cy on u4 ,holy ,tr9ity1 "o ,god1 h m]cy on u4 ,holy ,m>y1 ,holy "m ( ,god1 ,holy ,virg9 ( ,virg9s1 ,"m ( ,*ri/1 ,"m ( div9e grace1 ,"m mo/ pure1 ,"m mo/ *a/e1 ,"m undefil$1 ,"m unviolat$1 ,"m mo/ amiable1 ,mirror ( ju/ice1 ,seat ( wisdom1 ,cause ( our joy1 ,spiritual vessel1 ,pray = u4 ,"m mo/ adorable1 ,"m ( our creator1 ,"m ( our r$eem]1 ,virg9 mo/ prud5t1 ,virg9 mo/ v5]able1 ,virg9 mo/ r5[n$1 ,virg9 mo/ p[]ful1 ,virg9 mo/ m]ciful1 ,virg9 mo/ fai?ful1 ,vessel ( p[]1 ,vessel ( s+ul> devotion1 ,my/ical rose1 ,t[] ( ,david1 ,t[] ( ivory1 ,h\se ( gold1 ,ark ( ! cov5ant1 ,gate ( heav51 ,morn+ />1 ,heal? ( ! weak1 ,refuge ( s9n]s1 ,com=t] ( ! afflict$1 ,que5 ( angels1 ,let u pray4 ,que5 ( patri>*s1 ,que5 ( prophets1 ,que5 ( apo/les1 ,que5 ( m>tyrs1 ,que5 ( confessors1 ,que5 ( virg9s1 ,que5 ( all sa9ts1 ,etc41 etc41 etc4 ,f ! "t ( ,lu!r up to ! pres5t1 ,god1 ,*ri/1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,virg91 etc41 h be5 ton$ d[n consid]ably1 until !re is inde$ v little left except a %ade ( ,god4 ,our cre$s n[ t h dismiss$ ,*ri/1 ,holy ,gho/1 & ,virg91 yet reta9 a hazy some?+ :i* !y /ill call ,god4 ,! mo/ erratic ( ^! d5om9ations yell !mselves ho>se ) %\t+ ,s9 & ,salvation6 ,! mod]n k9d]g>t5 ( ,prote/ant fa%ionable *ur* organizations1 ! society *ur*es1 ! s*ol>ly prea*]s1 ent]ta9 _! congregations ) a novel sort ( oratory & classic music4 ,^! repres5t a ,god at ease1 a g5tlemanly & mild sort ( a ,god1 ) a con/ant ari/ocratic smile r\nd 8 lips1 z irresi/ibly attractive z money c make him4 ,/rong dra/ic t]ms1 z purgatory1 hell1 & brim/one1 are seldom he>d4 ,t sort ( doctr9e is usually res]v$ & di%$ up 9 furnace-l fa%ion to ! poor1 half-/>v$1 ignorant s9n]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,ecclesia/ical ,,k9d]g>t54 ,:at %all we d to be sav$8 is a "q ask$ by e religi\s fanatic4 ,sav$ f :at8 ,ignorance8 ,sup]/ition8 ,bigotry8 ,or /upidity8 ,f idiocy or imbecility8 ,or1 are we to be sav$ f pov]ty1 hung]1 />vation1 mis]y & wret*$ness1 di/ress & degradation8 ,b>b>ism1 savag]y1 or uncivilization does n ent] into consid]ation ( ^! un=tunate conditions4 ,!y exi/ "r 9 ! mid/ ( u1 9 ! highe/ c5t]s ( human civilization4 ,( :at good is ! talk+ ( spiritual welf>e1 salvation1 & heav5 to a hungry /oma*8 ,( :at good is x to gr[ eloqu5t ov] cele/ial conditions :5 ! poor wret* has sunk into ! mire ( slo? & apa?y1 :5 d>kness1 mis]y1 & disappo9tm5t hang ov] him l a pall at a fun]al8 ,is ?is ! man t is s9n+--:5 tempt$ to /eal "s trifle to satisfy hung]8 ,self-pres]vation is ! fir/ law ?r\gh\t organic nature4 ,?is pov]ty-/rick5 individual occupies ! l[e/ /rata ( civiliz$ life4 ,he mu/ be civiliz$--= ! law makes him s4 ,! />v+ mu/ n eat1 unless *>ity ext5ds a help+ h&4 ,9 ! /ate ( want & helplessness1 all ! inh]5t fail+s loom up into prom95ce1 & aid to weak5 ! little resi/+ =ce rema9+ to )/& ! temptation ( wrongfully supply+ 8 wants4 ,! high] indulg5ces1 ei!r gu/atory or sexual1 are n )9 rea* ( ! hungry & depress$2 & salvation contemplat$ 9 ! pleasures d]iv$ f ov]9dulg5ce or excesses c]ta9ly does n apply to !m4 ,! class ( p]sons 9 a position to satisfy bo? dige/ive & sexual pleasures we f9d 9 q ano!r catalogue ( s9n]s4 ,= "s ( ^! !re is no salvation1 = o!rs !re is :at may be t]m$ a rep>atory sav+ p[]1 viz41 confession & atonem5t1 = :i* ! spiritual "p ( ! body is n held responsible1 b only ! fle%4 ,x is precisely ! m5 :o practice ^! fle%-begott5 s9s :i* ! *ur* f ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul to ! pres5t p]iod has be5 try+ to save1 ) little or no success4 ,/4 ,paul is ! man :o contribut$ m t[>ds lay+ ! f\ndation = ! entire ,*ri/ian sy/em ?an any o!r man 9 ! ,bible4 ,( c\rse he claims to be an ,israelite ( ! se$ ( ,abraham & ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam94 ,jesus 0 ( ! same tribe--& probably ! o!r apo/les t figure 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t belong$ to ! same tribe4 ,t tribe is ( mix$ blood on ! "m side4 ,:osoev] desires to be fully in=m$ ^u t subject1 let him read ,judges1 xix1 xx1 & xxi *apt]s--a /ory ( lic5ti\sness1 b>b>ism1 & but*]y ! l ( :i* _c be f\nd 9 any hi/ory4 ,a ,levite ) 8 concub9e or wife came to ,gibeah to lodge ov]night4 ,"s ,b5jamites us$ & abus$ ! woman till %e di$4 ,! ,levite cut ! woman up into twelve p>ts & s5t "o "p to ea* tribe4 ,israel came toge!r 9 battle ) ! ,b5jamites & slaught]$ man1 woman1 & *ild4 ,six hundr$ m5 escap$ to ! wild]ness1 unto ! rock ( ,rimmon4 ,israel _h sworn n to give !m _! daught]s to wife1 s !y help$ !m to get wives else:]e1 by means t are v int]e/+1 v savage1 & v godly4 ,i simply m5tion ?is incid5t to %[ t ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 0 ( mix$ blood4 ,x 0 n :at w\ld be call$ a natural div9e selection1 b a =c$4 ,paul ) 8 half-,grecian ideas1 ^: m9d 0 p]meat$ ) ,grecian philosophy1 us$ x l>gely 9 8 argum5tations1 !ologico-philosophic1 & 9 8 epi/ol>y correspond5ce to enlight5 & in/ruct 8 disciples4 ,! ,israelites or ,jews up to ! "t ( ,*ri/ 7 n by any means a spiritual nation4 ,!y _h a god ( ! fle%2 a sort ( cannibal god2 a politico-religi\s god1 9 ^: "n e k9d ( horror & brutality 0 committ$4 ,?is 0 n ,paul's ,god4 ,! g>b ( ,socratic & ,platonic philosophy adorns ! spiritual phase ( ,paul's idea4 ,! dual exi/5ce is di/9ctly set =? 7,cor4 xv1 #dd73 ,!re is a natural body & !re is a spiritual body4 ,= ! _s itself be>e? witness ) our _s1 t we are ! *ildr5 ( ,god 7,rom4 viii1 #af74 ,likewise ! _s helpe? our infirmities 7#bf74 ,= if ye live aft] ! fle% ye %all die 7#ac74 ,= z _m z are l$ by ! _s ( ,god1 !y are ! sons ( ,god 7#ad74 ,! notion ( ,paul ?r\gh\t 8 epi/les ( :at he t]ms fle% & _s1 sep>at+ !m z two di/9ct p>ts ( ! body1 & z hav+ a dual exi/5ce1 on "o side ! spiritual1 ! godly1 on ! o!r ! fle%y1 ! s9ful1 ! e>?ly--is due to ! educational doctr9es t !n 7 9 vogue4 ,! anatomical k 0 limit$1 & ! physiological work+s ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 ! functions ( ! bra91 7 entirely unkn[n4 ,! fle% & _s 7 ! repres5tatives ( ! muscul> & n]v\s tissue1 fle% ( ! muscul>1 _s ( ! n]v\s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ my/]i\s or hidd5 secrets 0 ?is function ( ! bra94 ,! abs5ce ( any positive k ( ! n]v\s sy/em until rec5t times1 caus$ _m errors to creep 91 & _m false impressions 7 receiv$ by mi/ake2 & ^! blund]s ?r\gh ignorance h rema9$ to a v consid]able ext5t fix$ & unalt]$4 ,grecian philosoph]s :o 7 attempt+ to give a reason1 or acc\nt1 = ! v>i\s m5tal ph5om5a1 came to conclusions :i* are to-day se5 to be contr>y to sci5tific tru?4 ,he1 ,paul1 embodi$ 9 8 writ+s all ! speculative philosophy kn[n at 8 "t4 ,?is dual exi/5ce _h be5 taught among ! ,greeks = sev]al c5turies4 ,:5 ,paul wrote to ! ,romans he 0 9 ,cor9?1 & :5 he wrote to ! ,cor9?ians he 0 at ,philippi1 ,mac$onia4 ,! re/ ( 8 epi/les 7 writt5 p>tly f ,greece1 b mo/ly f ,rome or ,italy4 ,n[h]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is m5tion made ( _s & fle% aft] ! mann] ( ,paul4 ,!y _h no k ( ,grecian philosophy4 ,( c\rse ! m5tal condition _h und]gone "s *anges f ! "t ( ,ezra to ,*ri/4 ,num]\s sects _h pav$ ! way1 & ! ideas ( v>i\s nations _h be5 ex*ang$4 ,a wond]ful metamorphosis _h tak5 place 9 ! ,god dur+ ! "o ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s t pass$ betwe5 ,moses & ,paul4 ,! ideal ( ,moses 0 a b>b>\s1 cruel ,god--a det]m9$1 imp]ative1 imp]i\s ,god1 t _h a purpose 9 view1 a nation to =m1 a c\ntry to conqu]4 ,! pr9ce ( ,egypt1 ! successful g5]al ( a victori\s army1 talks2 e ^w is a p]emptory comm&4 ,! /rong1 p[]ful w ( an en]getic man /&s beh9d ,jehova4 ,!re is no philosophy1 b all action4 ,no ideality1 b muscul> =ce4 ,no humbl5ess1 meekness1 or mildness1 b ! /]n ex]cise ( a p[] t nev] fl9*es 9 any und]tak+2 reg>dless ( consequ5ces2 pitiless 9 battle2 fe>less 9 ! /ruggle1 once det]m9$ mu/ rea* success4 ,!re is no display ( imag9ation1 no spiritual reflection1 no ref9em5t1 b !re is only ! co>se1 vulg>1 savage ,god ( ,*aldean-,egyptian modification4 ,! ,god _h und]gone *anges 9 ! m5tal agitation ( ! times1 & ,paul _h accept$ ! ,god z he conceiv$ him1 ?r\gh tea*+s !n preval5t4 ,an orator = a re=mation1 ! cause ( ,*ri/ he _h embrac$1 c\pl$ ) ! le>n+ ( ! ,grecian lit]ature1 8 imag9ation l$ him to portray 8 ,god 9 ! ab/ract--a ref9$ e!real be+--9 tru?1 a g5tleman ( a ,god4 ,paul 0 ! real f\nd] ( ! pa/ & mod]n *ur* sy/em1 ! giv] ( ideas1 ! furni%] ( num]\s !mes t gave impulse to any numb] ( %ades ( ! v>i\s sects n[ 9 exi/5ce1 ! promulgator ( modification1 ! plead] ( a cause1 ! moraliz]1 ! humble advis] & c\nselor ( ! l[ly1 ignorant1 & poor4 ,he 0 v e>ne/ & s9c]e 9 ! cause he _h esp\s$1 &1 if any?+1 pr\d ( x--,= ,i am n a%am$ ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/3 = x is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o t believe?2 to ! ,jew fir/1 & also to ! ,greek 7,rom4 i1 #af74 ,next to ,jew he 0 ,greek4 ,no wond] t 8 m9d 0 ta9t$ ) ,grecianism4 ,8 ,god 0 an alloy ( ,greek & ,jew ,gods4 ,! ,greek philosophy help$ to ref9e & elim9ate ! b>b>ism & brutality out ( ! ,mosaic ,god4 ,our mod]n m\ntebank prea*]s h no?+ new to agitate & talk ab\t 9 _! fa%ionable decorat$ k9d]g>t5s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are ev] sp9n+ r\nd ! same circle4 ,!y are s5sational1 m\?+ & ge/iculat+ be=e a cr[d !y wi% to ent]ta91 & = ?is !y are v h&somely h\s$1 f$1 & o!rwise recomp5s$4 ,!y are ! gre$y !ological lee*es ( humanity4 ,!y suck ! blood1 b give no?+ 9 return4 ,h !y advanc$ ! cause ( humanity8 ,is humanity any wis] to-day ?an ^! poor ignorant creatures 7 at ! "t ,paul 0 try+ to get a new idea into _! untutor$ bra98 ,"h is a p>tial li/ ( ,paul's compla9ts 7,rom4 i1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca73 ,be+ fill$ ) all unrighte\sness1 =nication1 wick$ness1 covet\sness1 malici\sness2 full ( envy1 murd]1 debate1 deceit1 malignity1 :isp]]s1 backbit]s1 hat]s ( ,god1 despiteful1 pr\d1 boa/]s1 inv5tors ( evil ?+s1 disob$i5t to p>5ts1 )\t und]/&+1 cov5ant-break]s1 )\t natural affection1 implacable1 unm]ciful4 ,= n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ^! ,*ri/ian sa9ts h be5 try+ to conv]t ! _w--,jews includ$1 = inde$ !y ne$$ x--& :at has be5 accompli%$8 ,does y\r k9d]g>t5 *ur* tea* aught t corrects ! above evils8 ,h y made !m all into sa9ts8 ,paul's argum5t ab\t circumcision is v +5i\s4 ,he proposes an inw>d circumcision = ! outw>d--he>t & _s 7,rom4 ii1 #bi71 circumcision ?r\gh fai?4 ,8 doctr9e1 ! wages ( s9 is dea? b ! gift ( ,god is et]nal life 7,rom4 vi1 #bc71 is v mis*iev\s4 ,x leads m5 to give _! fle% a full sw+ & leads !m to a satiety ( pleasure & satisfaction ( e>?ly bliss--lu/ or lic5ti\sness1 & !y let ! godly or spiritual "p take c>e ( itself4 ,?is is n education1 b /upefaction4 ,yet our civiliz$ spiritual purveyors ( ! s\l are /ill *ew+ ! same !ological cud ( n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,e transgression aga9/ ourselves1 aga9/ our own body1 is a transgression aga9/ ! law ( nature1 & ! body mu/ pay ! p5alty4 ,paul 7,rom4 xiii1 #ac7 says1 ,let u walk hone/ly1 z 9 ! day2 n 9 riot+ & drunk5ness1 n 9 *amb]+ & wantonness1 n 9 /rife & annoy+4 ,paul 0 a great believ] 9 spiritual gifts4 ,cor4 xii--?is *apt] has giv5 rise to m crazes1 frauds1 & *eats ?an ,paul ev] dream$ (4 ,v]se #d3 ,n[ ^! are div]sities ( gifts1 b ! same _s4 ,v]se #g3 ,b ! manife/ation ( _s is giv5 to e man1 etc4 ,!n he enum]ates ! gifts--fai?-heal+1 miracles1 prophecy1 disc]n+ spirits1 speak+ div]s k9ds ( tongues1 int]pretation ( tongues1 etc4 7,cor4 xii1 #i1 #aj74 ,?is ( c\rse op5s a wide field = imposition & *>latanism4 ,paul be+ an au?ority1 cranks & fakes are n sl[ 9 tak+ advantage ( x4 ,a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! masses are ignorant1 easily made sup]/iti\s & bigot$4 ,any nons5sical idea is swiftly impress$4 ,!y are satisfi$ ) any?+ !y are told--cont5t ) a fill$ /oma* & salvation h]eaft]4 ,?is heav5ly promise is an imm5se ?+1 an ecclesia/ical bonanza4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s1 x has be5 an extraord9>y s\rce ( income4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s h liv$ 9 ease & luxury1 h enjoy$ heav5 on e>?1 & let _! poor ignorant dupes enjoy ! h]eaft]4 ,paul also gives ! ,ca?olic *ur* a "r to use ! ana!ma4 ,cor4 xvi1 #bb3 ,if any man love n ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 let him be ,ana!ma1 m>ana?a--,let him be accurs$4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* has made good use ( x4 ,f ! "t ! ,nicean ,c\ncil 0 held e "o ( _! canons--z _! rules are t]m$--is accompani$ by an ana!ma = e man t does n ?9k1 say1 or believe z ! *ur* or its prie/s dictate4 ,! *ur* in/itution is s well organiz$ & ! sy/em s well regulat$1 t !y possess ! means ( squeez+ ! la/ c5t out ( poor ignorant p>i%ion]s4 ,!y h s _m trapdoors to cat* ! we>y simpleton1 t if ! money does n come ?r\gh mass1 x w come ?r\gh indulg5ce1 or unction1 or sacram5t1 or any?+ & ev]y?+4 ,!y dispose ( _! spiritual w>es at all prices--any:]e1 ev]y:]e1 & at all times4 ,"h is an in/ructive example ( tea*+3 ,:at is ! bless$ ,eu*>i/8 ,ans4 ,! body & blood1 s\l & div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 "u ! appe>ance ( bread & w9e1 etc4 ,! imm5se am\nt ( evil done by ?is *ur* is some?+ enorm\s to contemplate4 ,if a papal m$al 9 honor ( ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's c\ld be f\nd & put up at auction1 x w\ld fet* a small =tune4 ,lit]ature 0 almo/ completely suppress$ by ?is *ur*1 by laws publi%$ "u ! seal ( ! supreme pontiff4 ,h[ few at ! pres5t day "k any?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,_! pa/1 _! t]rible black pa/1 ) _! ,god1 _! ,jesus ,*ri/1 _! ,holy ,gho/1 _! ,holy ,virg91 & _! sa9ts--:at arrogance1 ambition1 pride1 selfi%ness1 gre$1 tyranny1 lic5ti\sness1 t]ror & torture ( ! ,inquisition1 bloody crimes & massacres1 !y 7 guilty (6 ,reflection on ^! _m diabolical outrages makes "o's fle% creep1 & "o wond]s :y su* an in/itution has n be5 swept f ! face ( ! e>? c5turies ago4 ,h !y done any good ^u e>?8 ,f ! "t ( ,moses until aft] ! "t ( ,lu!r1 yes1 up to ! pres5t "t ev51 !y h be5 cont9u\sly ?ru/+ _! idea ( ,god into ! m9ds ( man ) ! sword1 ?r\gh blood & slaught]1 ) :at result8 ,has humanity improv$8 ,paul has mu* to say ab\t ! frailties ( human nature 7#b ,tim4 iv1 #b1 #c1 #d73 ,= m5 %all be lov]s ( _! own self1 covet\s1 boa/]s1 pr\d1 blasphem]s1 disob$i5t to p>5ts1 un?ankful1 unholy1 )\t natural affection1 truce-break]s1 false accus]s1 incont95t1 fi]ce1 despis]s1 traitors1 heady1 high-m9d$1 lov]s ( pleasure1 etc4 ,! qu>rels1 diss5sions1 & prote/ations ( ! pres5t day among ! tea*]s & prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity are a topic ( ent]ta9m5t 9 our daily press4 ,h]esy1 blasphemy1 money disputes1 ,briggs1 ,smi?1 ,corrigan1 ,wigg]1 etc4--:at is x all ab\t t w b5efit humanity8 ,prie/ & prea*]1 ! mod]n tea*]s ( ! !ological k9d]g>t51 h n advanc$ any 9 _! me?ods4 ,! civil law holds !m 9 *eck & keeps !m )9 ! b\nds ( _! vocation4 ,wom51 ! decorations & attractions1 ! mo/ num]\s support]s ( all *ur* ent]prises1 are n held 9 v high e/imation by ,paul4 #a ,tim4 ii1 #i3 ,9 l mann] also1 t wom5 adorn !mselves 9 mode/ app>el1 ) %ame-fac$ness & sobriety2 n ) braid$ hair1 or gold1 or pe>ls1 or co/ly array4 ,v]se #aa3 ,let ! woman le>n 9 sil5ce ) all subjection4 ,v]se #ab3 ,b ,i suff] n a woman to tea* nor to usurp au?ority ov] ! man1 b to be 9 sil5ce4 ,! *ur* k9d]g>t5 in/ructions are bas$ ^u ! writ+s & tea*+s ( bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,:o wrote !m1 or :o compil$ !m1 matt]s little4 ,!y are ! accept$ doctr9es ( ! *ur* or *ur*es4 ,:e!r or?odoxy or het]odoxy1 :e!r mono!ism or poly!ism1 :e!r ! idolatry ( calf or idolatry ( ! figure ( ,jesus or ! ,virg91 x am\nts to "o & ! same ?+4 ,x is ( no s]i\s consequ5ce :e!r ,paul actually wrote ! ,epi/les or "s "o wrote !m 9 8 "n sev]al hundr$ ye>s lat]2 or :e!r ,john wrote 8 ,revelations2 or ,moses ! ,p5tateu*2 or :e!r ! :ole ,bible 0 compil$ a ?\s& ye>s aft] ,moses4 ,! :ole fabric is bas$ ^u error1 p>tly due to ! times :5 x 0 writt51 p>tly due to ! /ate ( civilization1 to ! educational /atus1 to ! ignorance & sup]/ition ( ! times1 ! limit$ k ( nature1 & ! undevelop$ m5tal faculties1 ! mis9t]pretation & miscon/ruction ( e phase & ph5om5on _! p]ceptive faculties 7 unable to expla91 ! impressions receiv$ f ! outw>d _w or ! feel+s & emotions t agitat$ !m )94 ,x is no easy task to ov]come ! prejudices ( ! times 9 :i* we live4 ,we are in/9ctively oppos$ to any innovation1 :e!r ! new ideas are an improvem5t on ! old or n4 ,= _m g5]ations1 & = c5turies1 ! v>i\s *ur* organizations h be5 tea*+ ! old1 antiquat$ idea t ! ,bible 0 a sup]natural production1 t ei!r ,god _h writt5 x or _h inspir$ man to d ! "w4 ,:at does x signify :o wrote sop's fables1 ,hom]'s ,iliad1 ! five books ( ,moses1 ,isaiah1 or ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ev5 ,%akespe>e8 ,!y are writt54 ,! "q really is1 :e!r ! cont5ts are true1 are fabul\s or hi/orically correct4 ,= _m ye>s x has be5 a recogniz$ fact t ! ,bible is a composition ( fable1 fiction1 facts1 misund]/&+1 & mis/atem5t4 ,we only ne$ glance at ! absurd trials t are n[ go+ on at ?is pres5t "t4 ,^! g5tlem51 ,briggs & ,smi?1 are n ! fir/ to d\bt ! tru? ( ! book4 ,hundr$s h d\bt$ be=e !m4 ,x is skepticism t produces evolution & revolution 9 ! accept$ =m ( wor%ip & fai? & belief4 ,abraham1 ,socrates1 ,*ri/1 ,lu!r1 & hundr$s h d\bt$4 ,!y 7 skeptics 9 consequ5ce ( a sup]ior insight into ! propag&a ( c]ta9 accept$ beliefs4 ,e speculative !ory has be5 d\bt$4 ,great sci5ces are nev] d\bt$4 ,!ology1 ! (fspr+ ( idolatry & my?ology1 is a purely speculative sci5ce--if inde$ x c be class$ z a sci5ce4 ,!re=e1 x has always be5 labor+ "u a cl\d ( d\bt4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t mod]n s*ol>s1 ev5 cl]gym51 ( sup]ior ability1 become skeptics :5 !y comp>e mod]n sci5ce1 mod]n tru?1 ) anci5t fable & falsehood8 ,! debates on progressive sanctification1 a middle /ate1 :e!r sanctification is complete or incomplete at dea?--:]e is ! h]esy8 :]e is ! blasphemy8 ,:at are ^! ov]gr[n1 lopsid$ educat$ m5 ?9k+ ab\t--^! self-con/itut$ righte\s bigots1 :at are !y squabbl+ ab\t8 ,0 n ,abraham a h]etic & a blasphem] to ! ,*aldeans1 ,jesus ,*ri/ a h]etic & a blasphem] to ! ,jews1 ,socrates a h]etic & a blasphem] to ! ,greeks1 ,lu!r a h]etic & a blasphem] to ! ,mo/ ,holy ,apo/olic ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*8 ,:y1 ! entire !ological doctr9e1 ! :ole spiritual code ( morals1 all ! articles ( fai? & cre$s & canons ( ! *ur*1 all ! figures & c>v+s ( ,*ri/1 all ! pa9t+s1 all ! /eeples1 all ! belfries on ?is e>?'s surface--:at are !y =8 ,:at are all ! m\ntebank *ur* co/umes =8 ,:at is ! use = a man to disguise himself 9 a /age co/ume ( ! ,egyptian p]iod1 to sc>e a lot ( ignorant boobies8 ,( :at use are y\r inc5se1 y\r pray]1 & y\r bless+1 y\r self-conceit$ hol9ess1 y\r pret5d$ sanctity1 & y\r prie/ly hypocrisy8 ,:at is x all =8 ,to save s9n]s8 ,:at %all we d to be sav$8 ,all ?is ecclesia/ical humbug1 prea*+ & pulpit noise & !ological humbug1 is ab\t cru%+ out s91 sav+ ! s9n]1 & all ! sup]natural ?und] is br\ght to be> ^u ! great s9n+ organs--to wit1 ! /oma* & ! sexual organs1 to regulate ^!4 ,god & gods1 angels1 prophets1 & spirits labor$--& :at is m mon/r\s & m extravagantly ridicul\s1 ! "y man ,jesus ,*ri/ _h to be sacrific$--to save y f ov]load+ y\r /oma*--or r abus+ y\r /oma*--& f ov]9dulg+ 9 sexual ex]cises4 ,rememb]1 e crime1 kn[n or unkn[n1 recogniz$ or n recogniz$1 e evil & e wick$ness1 e abom9ation or pollution or defilem5t1 spr+s f ^! two s\rces4 ,i am n tak+ diseases into consid]ation1 su* z ,david describes 9 ,psalm xxxviii1 = example4 ,to satisfy ! wants ( ^! organs1 leads to gre$1 selfi%ness1 fraud1 =g]y1 deception1 falsehood1 corruption1 etc4 ,! pleasures result+ !refrom are accompani$ by vanity1 pride1 pamp]$ness1 envy1 jeal\sy1 hate1 discont5t1 etc4 ,! indulg5ces are kn[n z drunk5ness1 lu/1 lascivi\sness1 =nication1 adult]y1 obsc5ity1 debau*]y1 :or$om1 luxury1 revelry1 & by _m o!r t]ms4 ,^! =m ! !me ( ! prophets & ! burd5 ( ! apo/les4 ,^! are ! s9s1 ! vices1 !y h be5 try+ to cru% & wipe out ) _! !ological absurdities = sev]al ?\s& ye>s4 ,!y h creat$ all sorts ( bugaboos to fright5 fools1 idiots1 & /upid ignoramuses into discipl9e4 ,!y h creat$ hell1 purgatory1 d>k & deep pits1 brim/one & fire4 ,! g5tleman devil1 or ,mr4 ,satan1 presides ov] ! l[] regions1 conducts _! affairs1 only to accommodate ! spiritual frat]nity1 f ! pope to ! ,rev4 ,sam ,pat*4 ,b 9 ord] to be sav$1 to g to heav5--an imag9>y abode 9 ! atmosph]e1 a sort ( e!real p>adise 9 ! upp] /rata ( ! air t surr\nds ?is globe1 ei!r ) or )\t sunlight--9 ord] to get "o up !re "s cl[n ( a prie/ w mumble (f masses1 a sort ( ribald fu/ian composition t w raise y\r _s or y\r s\l "r up into ! pure upp] /rata ( ?is t]re/rial atmosph]ic cru/4 ,( c\rse if !re are sev5 heav5s y mu/ pay accord+ly4 ,9 case1 h[ev]1 y miss ! a]ial place1 ! heav51 & accid5tally become "o ( ! devil's subjects1 x /&s to reason t ,satan requires an extra fee to release y f et]nal puni%m5t--:i* ! good1 pi\s prie/ puts into 8 pocket4 ,x is a p]t95t "q to ask our spiritual advis]s1 :e!r or n ! ,*ri/ian k9d]g>t5 makes a specialty ( gu>d+ & regulat+1 by ! cele/ial m$ium ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! dige/ive app>atus & ! organs ( procreation4 ,because all ! s9s & vices orig9ate ) ^!4 ,! devil1 or ,satan1 holds 8 jubilee 9 ! pleasures & extravagant indulg5ces ( man & woman4 ,! *ur* has long s9ce be5 depriv$ ( its political p[] & importance4 ,! civil law regulates m9or & major crimes1 & provides puni%m5t !re=4 ,! only function left = ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ! ecclesia/ical k9d]g>t51 is advisory1 admonitory1 accompani$ ) frivol\s promises--,be good1 y well-dress$ ladies & g5tlem52 pray to our %ad[s1 kneel be=e yon figure on ! cross1 spr9kle y\rselves ) holy wat]1 & contribute lib]ally t[>d our support & su/a9 our k9d]g>t51 !n we bless y & give y a pass to ! heav5ly regions4 ,ba/a6 ,only believe1 h fai?1 nev] m9d ab\t und]/&+1 common s5se1 & reason1 !n y surely w be sav$1 & h a :ite & clean g[n fre% f ! laundry1 a pair ( w+s1 a gold5 cr[n1 & y c h y\r *oice ( ei!r a trumpet or a h>p1 :i* y may ei!r bl[ or t\*1 & may sit at ! feet ( an old man ) a long :ite be>d1 on a gold5 *air1 8 feet re/+ on ! cl\ds1 surr\nd$ by an innum]able ho/ ( angels & *]ubim t w make music ev]la/+1 :]e spiritual f\nta9s w keep y cool1 oh1 & a va/ deal m :i* c n be "h recit$4 ,anyone :o desires a full & complete description ( ?is cele/ial p>adise1 ?is heav51 includ+ ,abraham's bosom1 ! "r h& ( ,jesus1 8 belov$ ,fa!r1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! b>ga91 may obta9 x by mak+ prop] application4 ,ah6 :at a bless+ x w\ld be = ! :ole human family if ! *ur*es 7 utiliz$ = educational purposes :]e9 tru?s1 sci5tific tru?s1 c\ld be taught2 :]e "y p c\ld meet to amuse !mselves1 or be in/ruct$ 9 some?+ useful2 :]e "y m5 & wom5 c\ld ent]ta9 !mselves by fe$+ (f ! tree ( k1 in/ead ( loaf+ r\nd saloons1 r\nd ! /reet corn]s1 gambl+-h\ses1 dives or pool rooms4 ,"y & old mu/ h a pa/ime1 & a place to pass ?is "t2 if ! /ate or community does n provide su* places 9 d5sely populat$ di/ricts1 :]e are ^! poor1 ignorant creatures to g to8 ,talk ab\t *>ity6 ,a l>ge bulk ( our *>ities are adv]tis+ s*emes4 ,i d n call :at ,i "h advocate a *>ity1 b a "r4 ,if we want to improve ! public morals1 if we desire to educate ! "y m5 & wom51 provide di/rict temples = amusem5t & in/ruction1 op5 f #aj ,a4,m4 to #aj ,p4,m41 :]e !y may assemble aft] work+ h\rs1 sit1 talk1 read1 or play--may educate ! bra91 ! n]v\s & muscul> tissues1 s t bo? ^! ma/] tissues may p]=m _! functions skillfully1 naturally1 & judici\sly4 ,our sci5tific s*ol>s ?r\gh\t ! _w h long s9ce disp5s$ ) ! sup]natural4 ,"k ! natural1 is ! mod]n %ibbole?4 ,if y want to take c>e ( ! ma*9e1 und]/& ! ma*9]y1 & if y want ! com+ g5]ation to und]/& some?+ ab\t x1 x is c]ta9 t ! saloon is n ! prop] place = x4 ,we ought to gu>d our public in/itutions ) jeal\s c>e4 ,our public non-sect>ian s*ools are ! places = our *ildr54 ,! public s*ools ought to be num]\s en\gh to accommodate e citiz5's *ildr5 9 ! l&4 ,i ?9k x bad grace = any =eign] to come "h to give u advice ^u t subject4 ,ar*bi%op ,satolli1 papal ablegate1 said at ! rec5t meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ar*bi%ops 9 ,new ,york1 on ,! settl+ ( ! s*ool "q & ! giv+ ( religi\s education3 ,to ! ,ca?olic *ur* belong ! duty & div9e "r ( tea*+ all nations to believe ! tru? ( ! gospel1 & to obs]ve :atsoev] ,*ri/ comm&$4 ,= ! re/ ! provisions ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,baltimore are yet 9 =ce1 & 9 a g5]al way w rema9 s1 to wit3 ,n only out ( our pat]nal love d we exhort ,ca?olic p>5ts1 b we comm& !m1 by all ! au?ority we possess1 to procure a truly ,*ri/ian & ,ca?olic education = ! belov$ (fspr+ giv5 !m ( ,god1 born aga9 9 baptism unto ,*ri/1 & de/9$ = heav51 to %ield & secure !m ?r\gh\t *ildhood & y\? f ! dang]s ( a m]e worldly education1 & !re=e to s5d !m to p>o*ial or o!r truly ,ca?olic s*ools4 ,! belov$ (fspr+ giv5 !m ( ,god8 ,nons5se6 ,ab\t z mu* born ( ,god z a calf1 or a fl[]4 ,(fspr+ are ! natural result ( a natural cause4 ,born aga9 9 baptism unto ,*ri/1 & de/9$ = heav5--w\ld x n be well to asc]ta9 :at ! ,ca?olic *ur* has ev] done to elevate & educate ! masses8 ,does n ! educational sy/em ( ,pet] ,d5s1 ,satolli1 & ,co4 consi/ m]ely (3 #a4 ,to he> mass on ,sundays & all holy days ( obligation2 #b4 ,to fa/ & ab/a9 on ! days comm&$2 #c4 ,to receive wor?ily ! bless$ ,eu*>i/ at ,ea/]1 or )9 ! "t appo9t$2 #d4 ,to confess our s9s at lea/ once a ye>2 #e4 ,to contribute to ! support ( our pa/or2 #f4 ,n to solemnize m>riage at ! =bidd5 times1 nor to m>ry p]sons )9 ! =bidd5 degrees ( k9dom or o!rwise prohibit$ by ! *ur* nor cl&e/9ely8 ,! dirt & fil?1 ! nauseat+ na/9ess1 ( ! cesspool ( ! ,moral ,!ology ( ,pet] ,d5s _c be pr9t$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,or p]haps ,mr4 ,satolli w educate ! *ildr5 to mumble ov] & ov] ! litany ( ! bless$ ,virg91 quot$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 & all ! re/ ( ! in/ructions 9 mortal s91 v5ial s91 precepts ( ! *ur*1 infidels & h]etics1 decalogue1 grace1 ju/ification1 m]it1 virtue ( fai?1 articles ( fai?1 apo/olic cre$1 *ur* visibility1 m>ks1 hol9ess1 au?ority1 infallibility1 conc]n+ ecclesia/ical c\ncils1 supreme pontiff1 signs ( ! cross1 magic1 miracles1 sacram5t1 wor%ip ( relics1 wor%ip ( images1 resurrection1 heav51 hell1 p]dition1 purgatory1 etc41 etc4 ,satolli & 8 confrres w\ld r h p>i% s*ools1 to educate ! "y 9 _! ecclesia/ical /upidities1 & draw ! funds f ! /ate treasury 9 ord] to su/a9 !m4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 9 its c>e] z an educational m$ium1 has n contribut$ "o iota t[>ds ! progress & advancem5t ( civilization4 ,! opposition ( its cl]gy has always be5 ! sev]e/ & mo/ bloody4 ,humanity owes !m no ?anks = ! culture & privileges x n[ enjoys4 ,! *ur* int]f]es & *ecks e /ep =w>d4 ,! cl]gy are det]m9$ to keep ! masses ignorant z long z x is possible4 ,gre$1 selfi%ness1 rapacity1 dom9ion1 self-righte\sness1 & self-sanctification h ev] be5 _! *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,e act & e transaction is ju/ifiable s long z _! ends & objects are ga9$4 ,satolli repres5ts ! pope's big toe1 t is ready to be firmly plant$ on ! neck ( our public s*ool sy/em1 :5ev] ! p[] ( /ate or nation is secur$4 ,! wily prie/s ) _! ,jesuitic craft9ess nev] lose an opportunity4 ,9 a republic !y are republicans1 9 a mon>*y !y are mon>*i/s4 ,!y are any?+ & ev]y?+--b ! *ur* ) all its abom9ations fir/4 ,all else mu/ be subs]vi5t to _! w1 to _! p[]1 to _! use4 ,!y are intol]ant1 bigot$1 & tyrannical all ! "t4 ,:e!r x be to prev5t ! ,me?odi/s f e/abli%+ a *ur* 9 ,au/ria1 or to intrude _! prie/ly int]f]5ce 9 ! public s*ool me?ods 9 ,wat]=d1 ,s>atoga1 x is ! same impud5t aggression t has *>act]iz$ !m = ages4 ,!y are b\nd to keep ! p ignorant1 sup]/iti\s1 & slaves to _! sy/em1 9 spite ( all ! exi/+ civiliz+ influ5ces4 ,:at we want1 & :at we mu/ h1 is a public s*ool sy/em ( education free f all sect>ian bias1 ) nei!r cate*ism nor ,bible-read+1 nei!r pray]s nor psalm-s++1 b a ?or\gh in/ruction 9 all matt]s ( a nature directly b5eficial 9 ! conduct ( ?is life4 ,! /ate ( transition is rapidly =c+ itself ^u ! m9ds ( m54 ,!y c no long] be held 9 submission4 ,!y believe no m 9 ! antiquat$ notions ( f\r ?\s& ye>s ago--?\gh modifi$ & decorat$ to suit mod]n times4 ,not)/&+ ! ecclesia/ical h$ges1 f5ces1 walls1 & draw-bridges t h be5 erect$ by prie/s' sagacity & cunn+ 9 ord] to prev5t encroa*m5ts on _! !ological =tifications1 x is pla9 t !re is a natural we>+ & te>+ ( effete notions ( ! pa/4 ,t ! /ructure1 erect$ on a false & fictiti\s f\ndation1 has already giv5 way1 ,prote/ants c te/ify4 ,& z ! ,prote/ants h yield$ to diss5t]s1 etc41 s mu/ !y all gradually crumble--be=e ! batt]+-ram ( sci5tific tru? fir/1 next be=e ! advanc+ intellig5ce ( ! masses1 & la/ly be=e ! press1 :i* indiscrim9ately lays b>e be=e ! public e wrangle1 e squabble1 & e diss5sion occurr+ among ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/4 ,nei!r fai?1 grace1 nor bro!rly love1 ! holy kiss ( ,paul includ$1 prev5ts ^! sa9tly g5tlem5 f ex]cis+ _! gre$1 selfi%ness1 & covet\sness1 z well z ?r[+ dirt at "o ano!r4 ,fa!r ,corrigan vs4 ,cah5slyism & ,wigg]--!y keep ! pecuni>y pot boil+4 ,!re is nei!r malice nor jeal\sy1 b all is = ! love ( ,*ri/4 ,doll>s & c5ts8 ,^! pi\s bre?r5 w\ld scorn ! idea4 ,at ,pr(essor ,smi?'s trial = h]esy ! ladies ( ,m\nt ,auburn *ur* pres5t$ ! h]etic ) a basket ( fl[]s4 ,:5 9 old times we f9d h]etics tri$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 ,are h]etics rightly puni%$ ) dea?8 asks ! prie/4 ,/4 ,?omas answ]s 9 ! affirmative4 ,latim] & ,ridley 7 treat$ to an excell5t bonfire at ,ox=d1 #aeee1 = be+ h]etics4 ,nor did ,cranm] receive :ite & p9k roses 9 a b$ ( f]n leaves & smilax4 ,:at a *ange6 ,pr(essors ,smi? & ,briggs are pr\d to be h]etics4 ,!y are prais$ & complim5t$ = be+ h]etics1 & no d\bt w be well tak5 c>e ( :5 ^! frivol\s proce$+s h t]m9at$4 ,guilty or n guilty1 !y h ga9$ notoriety en\gh to place !m 9 an excell5t position = ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,i call t a high1 v s5sible1 & v respectable sort ( m>tyrdom4 ,bo? ^! g5tlem5 ought to be v grateful to sci5ce = hav+ br\ght ab\t su* a *ange1 t gives !m ! privilege ( diff]+ f _! spiritual bre?r5 & becom+ respectable h]etics ) baskets ( roses4 ,o ,civilization1 h[ mu* h we to ?ank y = all ?is6 ,x is s lovely to be a h]etic1 a blasphem]1 & a m>tyr 9 ?is pres5t g5]ation6 ,:at a pity t ,daniel's ,m5e1 m5e1 ,tekel uph>s9 is n q applicable to ! pres5t condition ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! great ecclesia/ical bugbe> ( ,*ri/ianity1 back$ by _! ,god1 _! ,son1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,virg9 ,m>y1 sa9ts1 popes1 ,heav5 & ,hell1 & _! inf9ite me?ods ( salvation1 is no?+ ne> s t]rible z he us$ to be4 ,t bugbe> has be5 tam$1 & is1 comp>atively speak+1 g5tle4 ,8 appetites & 8 passions h be5 subdu$4 ,inde$ ,paul des]ves no small cr$it = poli%+ ! ,mosaic ,god4 ,x is only occasionally t ,paul m5tions 8 ,god's wra? or sev]ity1 & v mildly too4 ,paul's ,god comes ne> be+ e/hetic4 ,! ,mosaic ,god is muscul> & en]getic4 ,paul's ,god is mild & p]suasive4 ,! ,mosaic ,god 0 a fight+ god1 conqu]+ t]ritory & mold+ a political nation4 ,paul's ,god has q ano!r l9e ( bus9ess1 s9-=giv+ & s\l-sav+4 ,! ,mosaic ,god 0 all alone engag$ 9 bus9ess4 ,paul's ,god is a firm--,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 ,! occupation ( s9-=giv+ & s\l-sav+ is c>ri$ on ) great c]emonials 9 our ,*ri/ian k9d]g>t5s1 accompani$ ) music1 pray]1 & psalm-s++4 ,! s9s are d]iv$1 directly or indirectly1 f two organs 9 ! ma9--to wit1 dige/ive & sexual4 ,any man or woman t _c p]ceive ! tru? ( ! above mu/ be exce$+ly obtuse4 ,does anyone believe t ! tea*+s & prea*+s1 ) all ! complem5t>y p>aph]nalia & o!r num]\s accessories1 are necess>y to save u or gu>d u aga9/ transgressions or s98 ,suppos+ all ! *ur*es & build+s assign$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god or gods1 & all ! prie/s & prea*]s1 disappe>$ f ! surface ( ?is t]re/rial globe1 w\ld ?is planet come to a /&/ill1 or ! sun cease to %9e8 ,w\ld ! elem5ts ent]+ into ! composition ( ! num]\s sub/ances f\nd on or )9 ?is e>? *ange _! relative proportion1 con/ruction1 or *emical relation8 ,we ne$ n h ! slighte/ appreh5sion4 ,new sy/ems ( ideas h always displac$ & replac$ ! old sy/ems4 ,z we advance f cycle to cycle1 ?is is cont9u\sly tak+ place4 ,! h& gave way to ! /ick1 ! /ick to ! spade1 ! spade to ! h&-pl[1 ! h&-pl[ to ox51 ox5 to horses1 horses to /eam1 etc4 ,x is ! natural progress f "o /ep to ano!r1 9 e bran* ( ?\ght1 le>n+1 & indu/ry4 ,x is a high] education & a bett] compreh5sion ( ! human ma*9]y1 a k ( ! prop] functions ( ! n]v\s & muscul> tissues1 a ke5] insight into ! necessities ( life1 a regulation & control ( ! organs ( organic life1 a rip] judgm5t1 & a m ev5ly balanc$ bra9 p[]4 ,! *ur*es ) _! e?ics & ref9$ me?ods ( ! pres5t day1 ) _! eloqu5t admonitions con/antly repeat$1 _c be reg>d$ 9 any o!r light ?an z a !ological k9d]g>t5 = a fa%ionable musical ,sunday ent]ta9m5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,rational ,,review4 ,reason & ,reflection4 ,if any p]son ) a1 reasonable am\nt ( intellig5ce w s]i\sly reflect1 he may ga9 suffici5t in=mation to satisfy himself z reg>ds ! true nature ( ! conditions t surr\nd him4 ,fir/ try to ! be/ ( y\r ability to pres5t 9 y\r m9d ! outl9es ( ?is t]re/rial globe1 ?is planet on :i* we live1 ) its m\nta9s & its valleys2 oceans1 seas1 & riv]s2 ! two extreme poles1 nor? & s\?2 ! c5t] ( ! e>?'s surface & ! equator1 etc4 ,next try to satisfy y\r m9d t ?is planet has no imm$iate connection ) any o!r planet--t x belongs to a sy/em ( planets t revolve r\nd ! sun1 ) a space or di/ance betwe5 !m ( _m millions ( miles4 ,& ,t ?is planet is entire & complete 9 itself4 ,:atev] sub/ances are ab\t1 ^u1 or )9 ! e>?1 belong to ?is planet & no o!r4 ,t n a p>ticle ( any sub/ance c leave ?is e>?1 :e!r visible or invisible4 ,t all =mations1 no matt] ( :at "* or nature1 are made f sub/ances belong+ to ?is e>?4 ,t ! size & weight ( ?is globe has nev] *ang$4 ,x is ! same n[ z x 0 millions ( ye>s ago1 or w be at any "t 9 ! future4 ,t ! quantity ( wat] ^u ! surface ( ?is e>?1 :e!r ocean1 sea1 lake1 or riv]1 has nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,t ! solid m9]al portion ( ! e>? has nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$ ei!r 9 size or weight4 ,t ! fluid1 ! wat]y portion1 is susceptible to *ange ( position & conditions on ! surface ( ?is e>?1 :e!r above ! e>?'s surface or ^u x4 ,t all cl\ds1 ra91 vapor1 mi/1 moi/ure1 dew1 sn[1 hail1 mu/ be & is tak5 f ! wat]s on ! surface ( ! e>?1 & :5 cl\ds1 t h be5 tak5 f ! wat]s ( ! e>?1 fall to ! surface ( ! e>? 9 ! =m ( ra91 vapor1 mi/1 moi/ure1 dew1 sn[1 or hail1 !y simply return :at has be5 tempor>ily tak5 or loan$ f ! wat]s ( ! e>?4 ,t 9 ! case ( all deluges1 fre%ets1 ov]fl[s1 t h ev] tak5 place1 ! wat]s t ent] into _! =mation h be5 tak5 f ! wat]s ( ! e>?4 ,! wat]s h simply *ang$ position f "o locality to ano!r4 ,t all ice =mations are no?+ m ?an solidifi$ wat]4 ,wat] cry/allizes by ! abs5ce ( sunlight1 & melts 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sun's heat4 ,t sn[ is no?+ m ?an congeal$ wat]1 & returns to wat] :5 heat$4 ,t ! quantity ( wat] rema9s ! same4 ,:e!r x ra9s =ty days & nights1 or a :ole ye>1 x is nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,t ! deepe/ portion ( ! e>?'s surface is fill$ ) wat]4 ,be+ fluid1 x naturally fills up ! holl[s until x has f\nd its level4 ,if !re is m wat] ?an x c hold1 x w f9d its way into ! next holl[4 ,& ! high] portions ( ! e>?'s surface w n & _c be cov]$ by wat]4 ,su* is ! condition ( ! e>?'s surface t ! deepe/ places on ?is t]re/rial globe are fill$ ) wat]2 ?us oceans1 lakes1 pools1 & riv]s are =m$4 ,t all liv+ sub/ances1 :e!r vegetable or animal1 are compos$ m ?an two-?irds ( wat]4 ,t m ?an two-?irds ( ! entire quantity ( food tak5 daily into ! animal economy consi/s ( wat]4 ,t is to say1 we fe$ on m ?an two-?irds ( wat]4 ,no?+ liv+ c ma9ta9 its exi/5ce )\t two-?irds ( wat]4 ,second4 ,all ! mat]ial tak5 f ! e>?'s surface1 or f ! int]ior ( ! e>?'s cru/1 = any purpose :atsoev]1 no matt] h[ great ! weight or volume may be1 does n increase ! weight ( ?is e>?1 or dim9i% x4 ,! mat]ial has simply be5 mov$ f "o place & deposit$ 9 ano!r4 ,! build+ ( "o city1 or t5 ?\s& cities or m1 w\ld n add "o p\nd m or less to ! entire weight ( ?is e>?4 ,all ! /one1 coal1 iron1 copp]1 silv]1 gold1 lead1 & all o!r m9]al sub/ances1 us$ ei!r 9 build+1 ma*9]y1 or any?+ human +5uity c make or inv5t--all belong to ?is e>?4 ,no matt] h[ great ! bulk or quantity1 x does n influ5ce ?is e>? "o p>ticle4 ,moreov]1 ?is e>? w\ld n be 9 ! slighte/ inconv5i5c$ 9 its motion or evolution :e!r !re 7 sixte5 billion ( p]sons on its surface1 or t5 million times z _m4 ,nor w\ld x make ! slighte/ diff]5ce to ?is t]re/rial globe :e!r ! entire animal creation 0 de/roy$1 or increas$ indef9itely4 ,x w\ld nei!r slack5 its pace1 increase its weight1 dim9i% its size1 *ange its poles1 alt] its seasons1 nor 9 any o!r way be affect$4 ,! fluids1 ! solids1 & ! gases w\ld relatively rema9 ! same4 ,let x be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t :atev] *ange may take place 9 "s remote future1 say "o billion million ( ye>s1 m or less1 ?is e>? z a :ole w be b little affect$4 ,vegetable & animal life may disappe>1 b ! compon5t p>ts ( ! e>? _c be de/roy$ or *ang$4 ,fur!rmore1 :atev] is produc$ ^u ?is e>? by ! inv5tive p[] ( man's faculties1 9 ! arts & sci5ces me*anical1 ! natural1 & :at is ?\ght to be sup]natural1 :atsoev] %ape or "* x may take1 :e!r phase or ph5om5on1 an idea1 ?\ght1 or imag9ation--9 fact1 e ?+1 e ess5ce1 f an angel to ! devil1 f a sa9t to a s9n]1 f a brass button to a god or gods1 holy gho/s or div9ities1 all1 all1 are "p & p>cel ( ?is e>?4 ,all !re are record$ 9 any book1 call$ sacr$ or pr(ane1 inspir$ or un9spir$1 vision>y or mat]iali/ic1 are ! creations ( ! bra9 ( man1 inv5tions ( ! bra9 ( man1 concoctions & fabrications ( ! bra9 ( man4 ,:e!r devil1 sa9t1 angel1 or god1 !y are ( e>?1 e>?ly1 *a9$ to ?is t]re/rial globe s long z !re is a bra9 9 human =m t c ex]cise its faculties4 ,?ird4 ,no ?+s c leave ?is e>?1 :e!r !y are ?+s visible1 or ?+s t are n visible4 ,no?+ c come to u f any di/ant planet1 :e!r x is visible or n visible4 ,all ?+s or be+s1 :e!r visible or n visible1 tangible or n tangible1 p]ceptible or imp]ceptible1 belong to ?is e>?1 are ! products ( ! e>?4 ,all ?+s1 be+s1 =ms1 or %apes1 :atev] be _! nature or consi/5ce1 h[ev] !y h appe>$ or be5 produc$1 on any portion ( ! surface ( ?is globe1 are ! products ( ?is e>?4 ,all ?+s1 be+s1 =ms1 %apes1 mat]ial1 or :at appe>s to be mat]ial1 are produc$ ^u ! surface ( ?is e>?4 ,all ?+s1 be+s1 =ms1 %apes1 phases1 or ph5om5a1 & all manife/ations1 :e!r spiritual or sup]natural1 are ! products ( ?is e>?1 produc$ ?r\gh ! mat]ial compos+ ! n]v\s matt]1 by ! ord9>y physiological me*anism ( ! animal economy4 ,no psy*ological condition1 z x is t]m$1 c be produc$ )\t n]v\s matt]4 ,x is a function ( n]ve or bra9 mat]ial4 ,x has no exi/5ce ( itself4 ,x is n a product =eign to matt]4 ,! s\l is a t]m employ$ to repres5t 9 ! ab/ract an intellectual product (1 or ! result ( functional activity (1 bra9 sub/ance4 ,:]e !re is no bra9 !re c be no s\l4 ,& s\ls diff] 9 proportion to size1 quality1 quantity1 educational or brutal developm5t4 ,! m9d is ! collective t]m = ! entire product ( n]v\s activity1 f non-intellectual to intellectual activity4 ,?us we h all k9ds ( m9ds--vulg>1 brutal1 lic5ti\s1 pi\s1 enlight5$1 educat$1 intellectual1 ref9$1 ideal1 imag9>y1 etc41 etc4 ,a m9d may be simple1 mix$1 complex1 complicat$1 p]v]t$1 disord]$1 rational or irrational1 etc41 etc4 ,! m9d is ( ages--infantile1 *ildi%1 y\?ful1 "y1 mature1 delib]ate1 /rong1 weak1 & s5ile1 fem99e or mascul9e1 etc41 etc4 ,n]v\s effects n und]/ood are int]pret$ to be sup]natural1 n ! product ( ! matt] compos+ bra92 ?is is false4 ,! s-call$ spiritual manife/ations are1 9 pla9 t]ms1 delusions = susceptible n]v\s conditions1 & g5]ally l>gely adult]at$ ) fraud4 ,n]v\s conditions bord]+ on halluc9ations may easily be influ5c$ by a /rong n]v\s =ce & utiliz$ = sw9dl+ purposes4 ,!re is z little tru? 9 _s manife/ations z !re 0 9 ! ca/+ out ( evil spirits or devils1 z relat$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,f\r?4 ,mat]ial prosp]ity consi/s 9 ! accumulation ( weal?1 ga9$ ei!r by indu/ry or inh]itance4 ,weal? is us$3 #a4 ,to supply food suffici5t 9 quantity to su/a9 bodily heal?4 #b4 ,to obta9 clo?+ to protect ! body f extreme heat1 & also = decorative purposes4 #c4 ,to furni% domicile or h\s+ to %elt] ! body aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1 9 luxury z our acquir$ ta/e may desire4 #d4 ,to give u ! opportunities ( an education & tra9+ t we c\ld n o!rwise obta94 #e4 ,to provide = ^? t are dep5d5t ^u u = support1 z *ildr5 & old p]sons4 #f4 ,to ex]cise *>itable acts1 9 aid+ all ^? t are ei!r disabl$ or unable to procure ! necessities ( life--clo?+ & %elt]4 ,rememb] t ,god has n creat$ any?+--ei!r plant1 animal1 or man4 ,:ile we resemble ea* o!r1 we are n precisely con/ruct$ all alike4 ,dogs are dogs1 = example1 yet a ,skye t]ri] is n s big z a ,newf\ndl& dog1 nor is ei!r fa%ion$ ! same z a bulldog4 ,! same may be said ( plants & trees4 ,! /ructural tissue ( all trees is wood1 yet are ! trees n all alike4 ,nor c ! wood tissue ( ! v>i\s trees be us$ = ! same purpose4 ,ea* "o is useful 9 its own p>ticul> l9e or sph]e4 ,! same may be said ( m9]als z to _! appe>ance1 qualities1 uses1 etc41 etc4 ,ea* individual is simply ! (fspr+ ( 8 p>5ts4 ,god has _h no?+ :atev] to d 9 %ap+ or fa%ion+ him4 ,he has n end[$ him ) any?+4 ,he has giv5 him nei!r a s\l nor a body4 ,he is a creature t has be5 plac$ ^u ?is e>? by 8 p>5ts1 ) all ! qualities1 =m1 g5]al con/ruction1 composition1 & con/itution ( 8 p>5ts4 ,?is h>dly requires an explanation4 ,e f>m] & cattle-bre$] und]/&s x4 ,we h e day illu/rations ) our race-horses1 cattle1 etc4 ,two black p]sons _c bre$ :ite *ildr54 ,!y c mix !m1 yes4 ,god _h no?+ at all to d ) ! selection ( ei!r ! black man or :ite woman1 or ! :ite man or black woman4 ,:atev] se$ is plant$1 t w gr[1 & no o!r4 ,cabbage se$ w yield cabbages1 & no?+ else4 ,t law holds good 9 nature--l w produce l2 subject1 h[ev]1 to modification ( soil1 temp]ature1 moi/ure1 ( ! imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,b x w n *ange ! cabbage4 ,x may be f9]1 ( improv$ quality1 l>g]--t's all4 ,! prevail+ notion t we are all creat$ free & equal1 is nons5se4 #a4 ,we are n creat$4 ,we are simply ! (fspr+ ( our p>5ts & inh]it all ! *>act]i/ics & qualities ( our p>5ts1 :i* are subject to bett]m5t1 improvem5t1 & a high] degree ( culture1 or det]ioration1 dep5d+ on circum/ances & surr\nd+s4 #b4 ,we are n born equal by any means1 ei!r 9 muscul> /r5g?1 bra9 p[]1 size1 con/itution1 or weal?4 ,!re9 lies ! diff]5ce 9 ! condition & surr\nd+s ( man1 :ile we are sp5d+ ?is %ort-liv$ exi/5ce on ?is e>?4 #c4 ,:e!r we are born free1 dep5ds ^u :at =m ( gov]nm5t we live "u4 ,we are free to comply ) ! laws ( ! gov]nm5t "u :i* we are born1 comply ) ! recogniz$ moral & social laws 9 ! mid/ ( :i* our p>5ts reside1 :]e we fir/ saw daylight4 ,dismiss ! silly notion f y\r m9d t any?+ c help y1 ei!r prie/ or any sup]natural ag5cy4 ,! prie/ may help z "o man may help ano!r4 ,pray]s c avail y no?+1 nor bless+s4 ,e man1 to be a man1 mu/ act ! man6 ,tra9+1 education1 culture1 makes him "o4 ,free y\rself f prie/ly influ5ce & *ur* dom9ion1 if y w\ld be free4 ,?9k & reason4 ,?r[ (f ! %ackles ( ecclesia/ical slav]y4 ,let y\r own bra9 "w out y\r own salvation4 ,nev] m9d ! ,jehova1 ! ,god ( b>b>ism1 ! ,*ri/ ( delusion1 or ! ,holy ,gho/ ( ! imag9ation4 ,%ake (f ! du/ ( sup]/ition & ignorance if y w\ld be free4 ,x is ! noble/ "w ( man to make himself free--to make himself equal1 n muscul>--free f prejudice1 free f sup]/itions1 free f bigotry1 free f ignorance1 free f vice1 free f passions1 free f wrong-do+ ei!r to y\rself or to y\r fell[-man4 ,equal y c be 9 bra9 p[]1 bra9 culture1 9 bra9 =ce1 by bra9 culture1 education1 9 ! improvem5t & p]fection ( ! intellectual faculties1 s t we may ex]cise our und]/&+ & judgm5t1 free & untrammel$1 to ! b5efit ( ourselves & to ! b5efit ( our neighbors4 ,! p]fection y imag9e y\r ,god ought to be1 exalt y\rself to t p]fection1 & be an intellig5t free man4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,visions--,,bible ,,dreams--,,revelations4 ,^! are ! fireworks ( ! imag9ation4 ,isaiah's vision1 *apt] vi1 #a1 #b3 ,i saw ! ,"l sitt+ ^u a ?rone1 high & lift$ up1 & 8 tra9 fill$ ! temple4 ,ar\nd x /ood ! s]aphim2 ea* "o _h six w+s2 ) twa9 he cov]$ 8 face1 & ) twa9 he cov]$ 8 feet1 & ) twa9 he did fly1 etc4 ,ezekiel1 *apt] iii3 ,son ( man eats ! roll4 ,vision ( *apt] viii3 ,a fire bel[ ! lo9s1 & ! appe>ance ( brightness1 z ! color ( amb] upw>ds1 etc4 ,*apt] ix3 ,six m5 ) slaught] weapons1 clo!d 9 :ite l95 ) a writ]'s inkhorn by ! side4 ,*apt] x3 ,above ! head ( ! *]ubim !re appe>$ ov] !m z x 7 a sapphire-/one1 z ! appe>ance ( ! lik5ess ( a ?rone4 ,v]se #b3 ,g 9 betwe5 ! :eels ev5 "u ! *]ub1 & fill ?9e h&s ) coals ( fire1 etc4 ,v]se #d3 ,& ! h\se 0 fill$ ) a cl\d1 etc4 ,v]se #h3 ,& !re appe>$ 9 ! *]ubim ! =m ( a man's h& "u _! w+s4 ,v]se #i3 ,f\r :eels1 etc4 ,v]se #ab3 ,& _! :ole body1 & _! backs1 & _! h&s1 & _! w+s1 & _! :eels 7 full ( eyes r\nd ab\t1 ev5 ! :eels t !y f\r _h4 ,v]se #ad3 ,& e "o _h f\r faces1 ! fir/ face 0 ! face ( a *]ub1 ! second ! face ( a man1 ! ?ird t ( a lion1 ! f\r? ! face ( an eagle1 etc4 ,*apt] xxii3 ,s94 ,*apt] xxiii3 ,:or$oms4 ,*apt] xxxviii3 ,boney>d4 ,*apt] xlvii3 ,visions ( holy wat]s4 ,daniel's visions1 dreams3 ,v]se #c3 ,f\r great bea/s came up f ! sea4 ,! fir/ 0 a lion & _h eagle's w+s4 ,! second 0 l a be>1 x _h ?ree ribs 9 ! m\? betwe5 ! tee?1 etc4 ,! ?ird 0 l a leop>d1 & _h f\r w+s ( a f[l1 & _h f\r heads4 ,! f\r? a bea/ dreadful & t]rible1 /rong exce$+ly--_h great iron tee?--& x _h t5 horns4 ,a little horn came up2 9 ?is horn 7 eyes l ! eyes ( a man1 a m\? speak+ great ?+s4 ,?rone :]eon an anci5t sat1 ! hair ( 8 head l pure wool1 g>m5ts sn[-:ite1 etc42 ?rone ( fi]y flame1 :eels z burn+ fire4 ,v]se #ai3 ,!n ,i w\ld "k ! tru? ( ! f\r? bea/1 etc4 ,8 tee? 7 iron1 nails ( brass1 etc41 etc4 ,*apt] viii3 ,a ram _h two horns2 "o 0 high] ?an ! o!r4 ,he saw ! ram pu%+ we/w>d1 nor?w>d1 s\?w>d1 etc4 ,v]se #e3 ,a he-goat ) a horn betwe5 ! eyes2 ! goat smote ! ram1 broke ! two horns1 etc4 ,ze*>iah iv3 ,a c&le/ick all ( gold1 a hood ^u ! top ( x4 ,sev5 lamps !reon1 sev5 pipes to ! sev5 lamps2 two olive trees4 ,*apt] v3 ,fly+ roll tw5ty cubits long1 t5 cubits broad4 ,v]se #i3 ,two wom51 & ! w9d 0 9 _! w+s2 !y _h w+s l a /ork4 ,*apt] vi3 ,f\r *>iots betwe5 two m\nta9s ( brass4 ,! fir/ *>iot _h r$ horses1 ! second *>iot _h black horses1 ! ?ird *>iot _h :ite horses1 ! f\r? *>iot _h grizzl$ bay horses1 etc4 ,! mo/ prom95t m5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t t 7 end[$ ) high imag9ative p[]s1 7 n _m4 ,! mo/ not$ among !m 7 ,isaiah1 #fha ,b4,c42 ,ezekiel1 #eia ,b4,c42 ,daniel1 #eei ,b4,c42 ,ze*>iah1 #ece ,b4,c4 ,^! f\r vision>y g5tlem5 liv$ dur+ a v excit+1 tr\blesome p]iod4 ,x 0 ! end+ ( national life4 ,!re 7 cont9u\s w>s1 con/ant *anges1 invasions1 robb]ies1 plund]1 & all o!r b>b>ic crimes t ord9>ily accompany ^! revolution>y ev5ts4 ,israel 0 made captive #gba ,b4,c4--! lo/ t5 tribes1 z !y are call$4 ,! conque/ ( ,j]usalem 0 #fjf ,b4,c42 ! captivity ( ,judah & de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 #ehh ,b4,c4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t all ! prophets1 s t]m$1 liv$ dur+ a "t ( approa*+ national dissolution1 & date f ! dea? ( ,jonah1 #gfa ,b4,c41 to ! dea? ( ,nehemiah1 #dcj4 ,^! political prea*]s1 agitators1 & fault-f9d]s 7 altoge!r "s tw5ty 9 numb]4 ,& :5 national life ceas$1 ^! prophets ceas$4 ,m5 ( ?is p>ticul> type & "* 7 no long] ne$$4 ,!y _h outliv$ _! usefulness4 ,_! national greatness 0 rapidly dis9tegrat+--%ort-liv$ x 04 ,luxury1 lic5ti\sness1 & crime2 rapacity1 int]nal disord]1 factional /rife1 lack ( ord] & discipl9e1 made !m ! prey ( neighbor+ nations1 t f9ally prov$ _! de/ruction4 ,x 0 n a "q ( ,god or ,jehovah or idols2 x 0 a "q ( organization1 discipl9e1 & a high] civilization1 t wip$ ! ,jews out z a nation4 ,!y /ruggl$ z long z !y c\ld ma9ta9 _! exi/5ce z a nation4 ,!y 7 ov]p[]$ & subdu$4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 surpris+ t ^! m5 appeal$ to _! patriotism--_! moral s5se1 ( :i* !y _h b little--& made e endeavor to re=m !m4 ,! national pride1 love ( c\ntry & patriotism1 fir$ _! imag9ation4 ,!y talk$1 wrote1 & scold$ 9 ! "n ( ! vision>y ,god 9 fa%ion among !m1 employ+ ! phraseology !n 9 use1 giv+ v5t to _! feel+s1 _! passions1 _! lam5tations1 _! dreams1 _! visions1 ! product ( an ov]-excit$ n]v\s sy/em1 mix+ poesy1 philosophy1 & facts indiscrim9ately2 produc+ a het]og5e\s1 fanta/ic creation ( ! bra91 "p true1 b false z a :ole1 dovetail$ toge!r z ! fancy ( ! mom5t sugge/$4 ,^! rambl+ fireworks ( ! imag9ation h little mean+ & less s5se1 except t !y portray _! feel+s1 emotions1 & practical impressions = ! "t be+4 ,elim9ate ! facts out ( _! writ+s1 & y obta9 a residue ( wild1 incoh]5t rav+s ( an ov]-excit$1 ov]-heat$ bra94 ,we he> no?+ ( any great m5tal di/urbance or loss ( equilibrium1 until we rea* a new crisis4 ,= ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s n a vision1 n an angel1 n a prophet1 is he>d (4 ,! religi\s disputes1 ! ecclesia/ical qu>rels1 ! heat$ discussions1 ! hatr$1 ho/ility1 & opposition t ! diff]5ces ( op9ion eng5d]$1 caus$ consid]able n]v\s irritation1 m5tal excitem5t1 & a display ( ! imag9ation4 ,?is new religion1 ?is re=mation1 ?is new organization1 produc$ no small am\nt ( f]m5tation4 ,x 0 all n]v\s1 /imulat$ to a degree ( exaltation1 ris+ 9 int5sity to en?usiasm & religi\s ec/acy1 :]e9 _m v>ieties ( n]v\s phases 7 exhibit$4 ,/4 ,john 0 on ! isle ( ,patmos :5 he wrote 8 ,revelations4 ,he c\ld n h *os5 a m suitable spot = 8 vision>y "w4 ,an isolat$ little isl& situat$ 9 ! ,ar*ipelago ne> ,asia ,m9or1 x is "o ( ! smalle/ isl&s 9 t region4 ,x c\ld c]ta9ly n conta9 _m inhabitants4 ,x is surr\nd$ by sea & exce$+ly lonely4 ,a man ) a highly n]v\s temp]am5t c\ld almo/ see any?+ 9 t dreaml& ( melan*oly & seclusion4 ,john's visions resembl$ ^? ( 8 pr$ecessors sev]al hundr$ ye>s previ\s4 ,b ,john came f\r hundr$ ye>s lat]1 & _h ! advantage ( m culture4 ,ideas _h multipli$1 exp]i5ce _h increas$1 ! imag9ation 0 amplifi$4 ,education _h advanc$1 & ! m5tal faculties 7 bett] develop$4 ,he _h !re=e ! bra91 ! opportunity1 & a v favorable locality1 to dream1 to h visions1 & to imag9e to 8 he>t's cont5t4 ,he _h ! mat]ial1 ! impressions1 & ! /ate ( m9d to aid him4 ,( c\rse we take x = grant$ t ,john wrote ^! ,revelations--or "s "o imag9$ ^! ?+s = him4 ,john wrote to ! sev5 *ur*es1 ,ephesus1 ,smyrna1 ,p]gamos1 ,?yat]a1 ,s>dis1 ,philadelphia1 & ,laodicea4 ,none ( ^! places 0 any consid]able di/ance f ,patmos4 ,:at he sees3 ,*apt] i3 ,sev5 c&le/icks4 ,"o 0 l 7v]se #ac7 ! ,son ( ,man1 clo!d 9 g>m5ts d[n to ! feet1 girt ab\t ! paps ) a gold5 girdle4 ,v]se #ad3 ,8 head & 8 hair 7 :ite l wool1 z :ite z sn[4 ,v]se #ae3 ,8 feet l unto f9e brass1 z if !y burn$ 9 a furnace2 & 8 voice z ! s\nd ( _m wat]s4 ,v]se #af3 ,he _h 9 8 "r h& sev5 />s1 & out ( 8 m\? a %>p two-edg$ sword3 & 8 c\nt5ance 0 z ! sun %9e? 9 8 /r5g?4 ,! second & ?ird *apt]s are advisory to ! sev5 *ur*es4 ,9 ! f\r? 8 imag9ation takes a great flight4 ,a m romantic spot to h visions c\ld n be f\nd--ab\t #ch nor? ( ! equator1 a beautiful sky1 mild climate1 calm wat]s1 & a solemnity ( surr\nd+s t w\ld impress a less imag9ative m9d4 ,x w\ld h a m>vel\s effect on an excitable fanatic zealot1 brimful ) fanta/ic religi\s notions4 ,no wond] he beheld ! doors ( heav5 op51 & he>d a s\nd ( a trumpet--& he 0 imm$iately 9 ! _s2 t is1 he 0 ei!r dream+ or 9 an ec/atic /ate1 & c\ld see all ! ?+s he did see ) 8 eyes ei!r clos$ or op54 ,he saw a ?rone4 ,"o sat 9 x4 ,x look$ l jasp] & s>donyx4 ,& he saw a ra9b[ l em]ald4 ,r\nd ab\t !re 7 tw5ty-f\r seats1 :]e9 tw5ty-f\r eld]s 7 sitt+ clad 9 :ite raim5t1 ) cr[ns ( gold on _! heads4 ,?und] & lightn+ came out ( ! ?rone4 ,!re 7 sev5 lamps be=e ! ?rone1 & sev5 spirits ( ,god1 & be=e ! ?rone !re 0 a sea ( glass l unto cry/al2 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! ?rone & r\nd ab\t 7 f\r bea/s1 full ( eyes be=e & beh9d4 ,! fir/ bea/ 0 l a lion1 ! second bea/ 0 l a calf1 ! ?ird bea/ _h ! face ( a man1 ! f\r? bea/ 0 a fly+ eagle4 ,& ! f\r bea/s _h ea* six w+s ab\t him1 & !y 7 full ( eyes )94 ,*apt] v1 #f3 ,!re /ood a lamb ) sev5 horns1 sev5 eyes1 sev5 spirits1 etc4 ,*apt] vi3 ,he saw a :ite horse1 a r$ horse1 a black horse1 & a pale horse4 ,! fir/ _h a cr[n1 ! second a sword1 ! ?ird a pair ( balances1 on ! f\r? sat ,dea? & ,hell4 ,!re 7 seals op5$1 etc41 etc4 ,! fif? seal 0 ! s\ls sla9 by ! sword ( ,god4 ,! six? seal1 e>?quake1 ! sun became black & ! moon r$1 & ! heav5s dep>t$ z a scroll1 etc4 ,*apt] vii3 ,he sees f\r angels /&+ on ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?1 hold+ ! f\r w9ds ( ! e>?1 t ! w9d %\ld n bl[1 etc4 ,he saw ano!r angel ) a seal--= v>i\s tribes1 etc4--v fanciful1 v fanta/ic1 v imag9ative4 ,*apt] viii3 ,! sev5? seal op5$4 ,sev5 angels ) sev5 trumpets /&+ be=e ,god4 ,"o angel /ood ) a gold5 c5s]4 ,five fill$ ! c5s] ) fire4 ,voices4 ,?und]+s1 lightn+s1 & an e>?quake4 ,v]se #g3 ,! fir/ angel s\nd$4 ,!re foll[$ hail & fire1 m+l$ ) blood2 trees & gre5 grass 7 burnt up4 ,v]se #h3 ,! second angel s\nd$4 ,a m\nta9 ( burn+ fire 0 ca/ into ! sea1 & ! ?ird "p ( ! sea became blood4 ,v]se #i3 ,a ?ird "p ( ! creatures & a ?ird "p ( ! %ips 7 de/roy$4 ,v]se #aj3 ,! ?ird angel s\nd$4 ,a great /> fell f heav51 burn+4 ,v]se #aa3 ,! f\r? angel s\nd$4 ,a ?ird "p ( ! sun & moon 7 smitt51 a ?ird "p ( ! />s1 etc4 ,*apt] ix3 ,! fif? angel s\nd$4 ,a /> falls into ! bottomless pit4 ,he mixes smoke1 locu/s1 scorpions1 torm5ts1 horns1 battles1 cr[ns ( gold4 ,v]se #g3 ,faces ( m5 ) hair ( wom5 & tee? ( lions4 ,he sees brea/plates ( iron4 ,!re is s\nd 9 ! w+s1 s\nd 9 ! *>iots runn+ to battle1 etc41 etc4 ,v]se #ag3 ,he sees ! horses 9 ! vision1 & !m t sat on !m hav+ brea/plates ( fire1 & ( jac9? & brim/one2 & ! heads ( ! horses 7 ! heads ( lions2 & out ( _! m\?s issu$ fire1 & smoke1 & brim/one4 ,v]se #ai3 ,= _! p[] is 9 _! m\?s & _! tails2 & _! tails 7 l unto s]p5ts1 etc4 ,*apt] x1 #d3 ,sev5 ?und]s utt] voices4 ,john takes ! little book out ( ! angel's h&s1 eats x up1 & x is z sweet z honey b bitt] 9 8 belly4 ,we pass on ?r\gh ! extravagances ( ! succe$+ *apt] to xvi4 ,sev5 angels & sev5 plagues & sev5 vials ( wra?4 ,! fir/ vial ( wra? 0 p\r$ ^u e>?2 ! second vial ( wra? 0 p\r$ ^u ! sea2 ! ?ird vial ( wra? 0 p\r$ ^u riv]s & f\nta9s ( wat]2 ! f\r? angel p\r$ 8 vial ^u ! sun2 ! fif? angel p\r$ 8 vial ^u ! seat ( heat2 ! six? angel p\r$ 8 vial into ! riv] ,euphrates1 & ! wat]s 7 dri$ up1 unclean spirits l frogs came out ( ! m\? ( ! dragon1 etc4 ,! sev5? angel p\r$ 8 vial into air--voices--?und]--lightn+4 ,a m jumbl$ mass ( hy/]ical nons5se 0 nev] concoct$ by ! bra9 ( man4 ,) ?is silly twaddle ( an ov]-excit$ n]v\s sy/em1 he cont9ues to give v5t to absurd impulses & p]v]t$ impressions ( a !oleptic nature4 ,9 *apt] xx he sees an angel f heav5 hav+ ! keys ( ! bottomless pit & a great *a9 9 8 h&4 ,& he laid hold ( ! dragon1 t old s]p5t1 :i* is ! devil1 & ,satan1 & b\nd him a ?\s& ye>s4 ,v]se #c3 ,& ca/ him into ! bottomless pit1 & %ut him up1 etc41 etc4 ,v]se #i3 ,& !y w5t up on ! bread? ( ! e>?1 & compass$ ! camp ( ! sa9ts ab\t1 & ! belov$ city3 & fire came d[n f ,god out ( heav5 & dev\r$ !m4 ,v]se #aj3 ,& ! devil t deceiv$ !m 0 ca/ into ! lake ( fire & brim/one1 :]e ! bea/s & ! false prophets are1 & %all be torm5t$ day & night =ev] & ev]1 etc4 ,t ?is s-call$ revelation is n ! product ( a heal?y bra9 is self-evid5t4 ,t ,john 0 revel+ 9 ! realms ( fantasie1 :ile he 0 labor+ "u a !ological nightm>e1 is s palpable1 t he might almo/ be accus$ ( be+ a monomaniac4 ,& t ?is abom9able concoction ( absurdities %\ld =m ! basis ( a sy/em ( moral education1 & be tol]at$ z a sup]natural production1 is an outrage on common s5se4 ,! :ole con/ruction is ! fabric ( a man bord]+ on a /ate ( halluc9ation1 :]e fancy1 fact1 & fiction are indiscrim9ately mix$ & comp\nd$ ) ! !oleptical eff]vesc5ce ( an almo/ dem5t$ en?usia/4 ,!re is n a p>ticle ( s5se 9 ! entire tw5ty-two *apt]s1 except su* z ref] to e>?ly p>ticul>s4 ,! comb9ation is false 9 conception1 & p]nici\s 9 its t5d5cies4 ,he sees & he>s ?+s s gl>+ly ridicul\s t x is really surpris+ t any s5sible prea*] c reg>d ! writ+s 9 ! light ( s]i\sness4 ,x is p]haps z unique an erratic compilation ( mat]ial sub/ances z 0 ev] produc$1 bas$ on ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & a diseas$ m9d4 ,t man1 ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e1 _h no m conception ( ! size ( ?is e>? or its configuration ?an he _h ( electricity1 or a /eam-eng9e4 ,( c\rse ,i und]/& t !ologians d n--or pret5d n to--look ^u ! /atem5ts lit]ally4 ,!y may int]pret ! cont5ts ( ,revelation f a spiritual po9t ( view1 no?+ w or c relieve x ( its defects4 ,:atev] he meant by 8 rav+s1 9 ^? days1 !y d n conta9 a p>ticle ( practical s5se4 ,:5 he beheld ! doors ( heav5 op5 & he>d a s\nd ( a trumpet1 he 0 imm$iately 9 ! _s4 ,!n 8 m9d splic$ toge!r ?rones ( jasp]1 em]ald1 seats1 eld]s1 :ite raim5t1 cr[ns ( gold1 sev5 lamps1 sev5 spirits1 a sea ( glass1 & f\r bea/s full ( eyes1 a lion1 calf1 man1 eagle1 six w+s1 f\r horses1 dea? & hell1 sev5 angels1 sev5 vials ( wra?1 hail1 fire1 blood1 ?und]1 lightn+1 brim/one1 a bottomless pit1 etc41 etc4 ,?\ghts 7 fly+ ?r\gh 8 bra9 t embrac$ pretty mu* all he knew1 t he _h ei!r he>d1 read ab\t1 or _h _h "s p]sonal exp]i5ce (1 br++ all ! ?+s1 objects1 sub/ances1 & ph5om5a to be> ^u 8 imag9ation1 =m+ ideas to illu/rate 8 heav5 or hell1 8 sa9ts & s9n]s1 8 salvation & 8 p]dition4 ,! m9d 0 9 a /ate ( deliri\s confusion4 ,john's m9d _h _h a l>g] exp]i5ce1 8 imag9ation 0 m amplifi$ & exp&$1 ?an ! m9d & imag9ation ( 8 pr$ecessors ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,daniel1 & ,ze*>iah4 ,! "t & locality 7 n ! same4 ,! burd5 ( ,john's ?\ghts 0 ( a q diff]5t nature4 ,! n]v\s ph5om5a ( !ological excitem5t & irritation 0 purely vision>y1 :ile ^? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 l>gely ta9t$ ) ! politics ( _! "t4 ,! =m] writ]s 7 load$ d[n ) ! expect$ ru9 ( _! nationality2 7 fill$ ) patriotism2 7 hop+ & wi%+ = "s "o to come & help !m out ( _! dire di/ress4 ,_! ideas & ?\ghts l$ !m to flights ( imag9ation )9 ! limits ( _! k4 ,john 0 fully *>g$ ) ! philosophy & tea*+s ( 8 times1 & he mu/]$ all 8 k to op5 ! gulf betwe5 ! two extremes ( bliss & puni%m5t1 ! sav$ & lo/4 ,?us he inv5t$ ! appe>ance ( heav51 ) all ! mat]ial sub/ances1 to exhibit its fe>ful glory1 & %[$ ! int]ior ( 8 bottomless pit ) its d>kness1 fire & brim/one4 ,all ^! ?+s might h appe>$ v t]rible to ! ignorant fi%]m5 he _h to deal )4 ,x may /ill leave a /rongly unpleasant impression on a great _m ( our ignorant population4 ,v few s5sible p take any /ock 9 ,john's incoh]5t1 erratic flight ( imag9ation4 ,x may be reg>d$ z a v curi\s composition ( antiquity--s5seless1 useless1 mean+less2 admirable 9 its way1 b no?+ m ?an a production ( an ov]wr\ght1 unbalanc$1 ov]-/imulat$1 & ov]-exalt$ imag9ation4 ,we may di/9ctly p]ceive ! progress t _h be5 made 9 ! evolution ( ! imag9ation1 9 ! multiplication ( ideas1 9 ! amplification ( ?\ght1 f ,abraham to ,moses1 f ,moses to ,david1 f ,david to ,isaiah1 f ,isaiah to ,john4 ,! n]v\s sy/em1 ! bra91 _h und]gone "s modifications among ^! p1 b n ( a nature t 0 likely to be a la/+ b5efit to humanity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! speculative ideas caus$ a great deal ( friction ( ?\ght1 bitt] qu>rels1 hatr$1 crime1 & blood%$4 ,neighbor+ nations1 :o _h nei!r ,jehova nor ,*ri/1 reveal$ to u ! light ( sci5ce t nev] produc$ a friction nor a qu>rel--be+ bas$ on et]nal tru?4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( _! conception to ! pres5t day ?is rema9s un*ang$1 unalt]$ & unt\*$1 a monum5t ( ,tru?s1 an inh]itance = all future g5]ations4 ,! ,god-,*ri/-,holy-,gho/ idea has ev] be5 a s\rce ( gre$1 selfi%ness1 intol]ance1 bigotry1 qu>rel1 hatr$1 lic5ti\sness1 cruelty1 & crime4 ,bick]+ & qu>rel+ are /ill go+ on4 ,& ! grasp+ h& ( gre$ holds ! ignorant bigot by ! ?roat to squeeze ! la/ c5t out ( him1 to enri* & aggr&ize ! mo/ p]nici\s organization humanity 0 ev] plagu$ )4 ,h]esy1 blasphemy1 is z fa%ionable to-day z x 0 9 ! ranke/ days ( pop]y4 ,=tunately ! civil law reigns supreme1 o!rwise ^! ecclesia/ical monomaniacs w\ld be at ea* o!r's ?roats4 ,at ?is /age ( sci5tific civilization1 we c af=d to look on at ! !ological qu>rels & antics z a result ( a n]v\s craze t is p]fectly h>mless4 ,aft] all x is b ! physiological effect ( an educational tra9+1 ! developm5t ( ! faculties & ! evolution ( ! imag9ation2 ! bra9 functions 9 proportion to ! progress made 9 ! culture 9 g5]al1 h>moniz+ ) ! times1 circum/ances1 & conditions ( ! p]iod 9 :i* we live4 ,e age has its turn 9 ! evolution ( ! m5tal faculties1 & x mu/ g ?r\gh its /age4 ,! vision>y p]iod1 ! result ( a !ological halluc9ation ( an ov]-exalt$ imag9ation1 c occur only "u c]ta9 favorable conditions1 viz41 on ! "o h& a highly susceptible n]v\s temp]am5t1 a /rongly bias$ educational tra9+1 & an en?usia/ic excitability1 & on ! o!r1 an ignorant1 bigot$1 poor1 & helpless population4 ,,%ades ,,( ,,intellectual ,,developm5t4 ,,f ,,b>b>ism ,,to ,,civilization1 ,,multiplicity ,,( ,,gods ,,to ,,nature1 ,,d>kness ,,to ,,light4 ,b>b>ism1 savag]y1 ignorance1 ,*aldaism4 ,wom5 ,b>b>ians4 #bjj ,b4,c4 idolatry4 ,a/ronomy4 degrad$ ,a4,d4 #ahic4 ,,_m ,,gods4 7,paganism #gff1cab1jjj slaves4 ,,physical ,,god4 rema9+74 #aiba-dej ,b4,c4 ,v little light4 ,hebrewism1 #f1jjj1jjj4 ,physiology1 sci5ce1 ma!matics1 my?ology1 wom5 honor$ sci5ce break+4 #aiba-ejj-j ,b4,c4 ,greece a nation4 ,ignorance1 sup]/ition4 ,buddhism1 #cbj1jjj1jjj4 #aajj ,b4,c4 ,uncivilization 7to our notion74 ,confucianism4 ,ca/e rule4 ,brahmanism1 #abj1jjj1jjj4 ,philosophy1 #cbj1jjj1jjj gods4 ,,"o ,,god4 ,mohamm$anism1 #aff1jjj1jjj4 ,tyrants4 ,a4,d4 #fjj4 ,polygamy4 ,,five ,,gods4 ,roman ,ca?olic ,/ill ,a4,d4 #cbe4 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,gho/1 ,virg91 ,*ri/ianity1 #bjj1jjj1jjj4 degrad$4 ,a4,d4 #hjj4 sa9ts1 relics1 etc4 ,idolatry1 ,greek ,*ri/ianity1 figure-pa9t+1 ignorance1 #hj1jjj1jjj4 intol]ance1 non-progression1 sup]/ition1 bigotry4 ,d>k ,ages4 ,a4,d4 #cbe to #aeag4 ,,?ree ,,gods4 ,prote/antism--,lu!r1 ,wom5 #bjj to ,a4,d4 #aeag4 ,class ,rule4 ,calv9--#ajj1jjj1jjj4 sub- #cjj ,a4,d4 #afic4 ,progression1 tol]ation1 ,episcopalianism4 ord9ate4 sects4 ,a4,d4 #aegb4 sup]/ition1 bigotry1 ,presbyt]ianism4 ,a4,d4 #agcj4 civilization1 selfi%ness1 ,bapti/s4 gre$4 ,me?odism4 ,wesley4 ,,"o ,,god4 ,univ]salism4 ,a4,d4 #afia4 ,enlight5$1 advanc+4 ,unit>ianism4 ,e?ical ,culture4 ,,d\btful ,,god4 ,a4,d4 #aeej4 ,late/ !ological ,a4,d4 #ahgj4 metamorphosis4 ,,no ,,god4 ,sci5ce1 nature1 fact1 tru?4 ,manhood1 womanhood4 ,intellectual developm5t4 ,9 mod]n times1 if a man %\ld attempt to rave aft] ! /yle ( ,john1 he w\ld c]ta9ly be decl>$ a fit c&idate = an insane asylum4 ,:at 0 possible on ! ,isle ( ,patmos by ,john w\ld be an utt] impossibility to-day4 ,x is n because we h n religi\s fanatics en\gh1 b education1 reason1 & sci5ce h advanc$1 s t su* extravagant fire-works ( ! imag9ation w\ld be decl>$ evid5ce ( an insane condition ( ! m9d4 ,on ! foll[+ page a diagram ( v>i\s %ad+ %[s ! gr[? ( intellig5ce & enlight5m5t ( ! v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations1 indicat+ ! beg9n+ ( actual progress ) ! ,re=mation1 & h[ little !re is left ( ! entire religi\s fabric t has be5 h&$ d[n ^! _m c5turies4 ,! d>kness ( ignorance is /ill hid+ ! tru?4 ,! *ur* is do+ its utmo/ to tra9 ! "y 9 ! p]nici\s doctr9e ( sup]/ition & falsehood ( antiquity4 ,! cl]gy w\ld /op our public s*ool sy/em1 if !y c\ld drag humanity back into ! mire ( brutality4 ,! soon] ! ,bible1 ) its ,god1 ,jehova1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! prophets & ! apo/les1 ) all ! angels1 heav51 & hell1 are plac$ "u a glass case to be view$ & admir$ z a matt] ( antique curiosity ! bett]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,! ,,planet>y ,,gods4 ,! ,t]re/rial ,god4 ,:y man %\ld claim t ! t]re/rial ,god1 ! ,god t 0 creat$ on ?is e>?1 ext5ds 8 sway beyond ! limits ( ?is globe1 is n easily acc\nt$ =4 ,x is an assumption t is n at all w>rant$4 ,we "k t ! composition ( ! planets t belong to ! family ( ! sol> sy/em are ! same z t ( our own1 ?is e>?4 ,all ^? worlds seem to be con/ruct$ ( ! same *emical elem5t>y sub/ances z ?is globe ( ours1 & work+ on ! same g5]al univ]sal plan4 ,t all ! planets ( ! sol> sy/em1 & ! sun itself1 possess ! same common *>act]i/ics z ?is e>?1 is evid5t4 ,! planets all move 9 ! same direction r\nd ! sun4 ,!y all revolve ^u _! own axes1 & r\nd ! sun4 ,!y h day & night1 seasons & p]iods ( revolution4 ,!y h _! atmosph]es1 sn[s1 r+s1 & all ! necess>y equipm5ts ( a planet prop]4 ,!y seem to h seas1 m\nta9s1 valleys1 poles1 equators1 etc4 ,"s ( ! planets seem to be 9 a mu* high] /ate ( organization ?an our own4 ,take ,saturn1 = example1 ) its s]ies ( r+s & satellites1 its imm5se di/ance f ! sun1 #hhf1jjj1jjj miles1 mov+ at ! rate ( #bb1jjj miles p] h\r1 & hav+ a ye> equal to ab\t #cj ye>s ( our globe4 ,he fl\ri%es at a di/ance f u ( ab\t #cjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,he has a diamet] ( #gc1jjj miles4 ,8 volume is #gjj times t ( ! e>?1 & he receives 8 light f ! sun1 j ! same z we d4 ,x is admitt$ by a/ronom]s t ! ,saturnal sc5]y is mo/ magnific5t1 & surpasses any?+ we are famili> )4 ,! r+s =m imm5se ar*es1 :i* span ! sky & %$ a s(t radiance ar\nd2 :ile 9 ! /range beauty ( ! night eight moons 9 all _! diff]5t phases1 full1 new cresc5t1 or gibb\s1 light up ! />ry vault4 ,we "k t ! planets are compos$ ( ! same elem5t>y sub/ances z ?is _w :]eon we live1 t !y are also surr\nd$ ) an atmosph]e1 h wat] ^u !m1 receive ! sun's heat1 exhibit all ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ?is globe ( ours1 & all ! planets seem to be obey+ ! same g5]al univ]sal laws4 ,c anyone give u a plausible reason :y !re is no organiz$ vital matt] on our neighbor+ planets--plants1 liv+ creatures1 simil> to ^? f\nd on ?is t]re/rial globe8 ,if ! elem5t>y sub/ances are ! same z ^? t are f\nd on ?is e>?1 & !y h a simil> sun%9e1 heat1 moi/ure1 & temp]ature1 all ! =ces may be presum$ to be ! same or simil>4 ,!re is no reason t ! elem5ts %\ld n ent] into organic life ( a simil>1 p]haps ei!r inf]ior or sup]ior1 organization to t exi/+ on ?is _w8 ,:at is to h9d] !m8 ,x is c]ta9ly possible1 !re=e probable4 ,may we n assume t x is bo? possible & probable8 ,^? on e>? :o believe t ?is globe ( ours 0 especially fitt$ up = u1 made = man only1 are v presumptu\s4 ,!re 0 no special =e?\ght = ! adaptation or conv5i5ce ( creatures l ourselves4 ,z to ! =e?\ght1 adaptation1 or conv5i5ce1 ! hog1 ! elephant1 ! ass1 & ! fly enjoy _! life j z mu* z m5 d4 ,x is v conv5i5t = !m4 ,b n m s ?an x is = man1 & x is no m conv5i5t = man ?an x is = ! animals4 ,we are c]ta9ly ne>] ! tru? to say t ! o!r planets are inhabit$ by be+s1 races1 t may exhibit z mu* intellig5ce z1 if n m ?an1 we d on ?is globe4 ,! conditions ( light & heat may n be ! same4 ,! o!r planets may v>y 9 =m & /ructure1 & h %apes n at all famili> to u4 ,t1 h[ev]1 does n 9 any way int]f]e ) ! reasonable probability1 nay1 c]ta9ty1 t !y are inhabit$4 ,:e!r !y are inhabit$ or n1 matt]s little4 ,yet we may safely make ! inf]5ce t ^! planets are n simply plac$ 9 space = our conv5i5ce4 ,may n ! inhabitants ( ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 ,m>s1 ,flora1 ,mnemos5e1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 ,neptune1 etc41 ?9k t ?is e>? has be5 creat$ by _! respective gods = _! conv5i5ce8 ,h !y n z mu* "r to h ea* ( !m a god z ?is e>? is suppos$ to h8 ,has n ! god ( ,jupit] z mu* "r to be proclaim$ by a portion ( its inhabitants to be ! creator ( all ! planets1 sun1 moon1 & />s1 z ?is sect>ian1 t]re/rial ,god has8 ,! "r to ?is p[]1 to ?is pr]ogative1 is z mu* ve/$ 9 ! god ( ,neptune or ,saturn1 z 9 ?is e>?ly ,god4 ,imag9e ! god ( ,saturn complac5tly smil+ at ! arrogance ( ?is pigmy ( a t]re/rial god4 ,may n ! god ( ,v5us h a premptory claim to ! god%ip ( ?is planet>y sy/em8 ,or ! god ( ,uranus1 or ( any o!r ( ! planets8 ,or possibly e planet has its god t acts z sup]9t5d5t ov] 8 own t]ritory1 ! laws ( gravitation prev5t+ 8 div9ity f leav+ 8 place ( abode4 ,or1 p]haps !re are no planet>y gods--e sol> sy/em may h1 p]haps1 only "o god1 resid+ on ! great sun himself1 communicat+ directly ) all 8 subject planets by ! rays he s5ds =?4 ,x is n at all unlikely t p]haps e sol> sy/em has its god4 ,& ov] ^! _m sol> sy/em gods1 some:]e 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 a god ( imm5se magnitude may preside4 ,s y may g on multiply+ gods1 sub-gods & sup]ior gods1 )\t end4 ,:]e d we f9d t a man1 or a set ( m51 h a "r to arrogate to !mselves ! p[] or privilege to assume t ?is t]re/rial ,god has any?+ at all to say or to dictate on any o!r planet8 ,?is e>?ly ,god has no m "r to int]f]e ) ! bus9ess ( ,m>s or ,m]cury ?an ! god ( ,saturn has a "r to int]f]e ) our e>?ly affairs4 ,%\ld x1 h[ev]1 transpire t any planet>y god1 :e!r he comes f ,uranus1 or ,neptune1 or any o!r planet1 %\ld int]f]e1 we :o 7 made 9 8 image w assemble 9 ! h\ses we h built = 8 sake1 = ! t]re/rial ,god's sake1 & pass resolutions advis+ our t]re/rial ,god to say to ! o!r planet>y gods3 ,h&s (f1 ye gods1 if y please6 ,= ! sake ( peace & h>mony among ! gods ( ?is planet>y sy/em1 we1 repres5t+ ?is t]re/rial ,god by proxy--s9ce x really makes no great diff]5ce 9 ! end ( ! great ga!r+-9 ( ! elem5t>y sub/ances all organic be+s are compos$ (--we1 ! organiz$ elem5ts ( ?is e>?1 m51 animals1 plants1 etc41 m especially ! highe/ organiz$ be+s1 m51 hav+ a m p]fect$ n]v\s sy/em1 be+ ! elect ( all t]re/rial productions1 claim ! "r to speak = our ,god1 & proclaim to all planet>y gods1 pot5tates1 maje/ies1 holies ( holies1 or _! repres5tatives1 t !y h no "r :atsoev] to int]f]e ) our t]re/rial managem5t4 ,we c h our little local pet ,god or ,gods if we desire1 s long z our me?ods d n 9 any way inconv5i5ce !m4 ,let x be tak5 = grant$ t ! same1 elem5t>y sub/ances are f\nd 7( :i* we h evid5ce7 9 ! sun & all ! planets1 & probably 9 ! />s we see2 t _! gase\s fluids & solid sub/ances are ( simil> nature to ! elem5ts kn[n to u2 & t !y also receive ! same sun's heat 7or ! di/ant />s may receive light & heat f "s o!r suns71 is x n m ?an likely t ! conditions produc$ by ! contact ( ^! elem5ts ) ! sun's heat1 may resemble ^? we are famili> )8 ,if !re is heat !re mu/ be motion1 !re mu/ be friction1 !re mu/ be consumption & exp5diture ( heat1 also expansion & contraction4 ,if ^! =ces exi/1 o!r =ces necess>ily mu/ also exi/1 z cold f abs5ce ( heat1 dynamic =ce1 electric & magnetic =ces4 ,we may readily suppose t !re are curr5ts ( air4 ,wat] may be agitat$ by ! w9d4 ,if atmosph]es surr\nd ^! planets !re is only "o s\rce ( heat t c keep !m 9 a gase\s /ate1 & t is ! sun4 ,heat f ! same s\rce keeps ! ,oxyg5 & ! ,hydrog5 fluid4 ,if evaporation & consolidation exi/ :y %\ld !re n be aque\s vapor1 ra91 etc48 ,we mu/ conc$e t ! elem5ts kn[n z ,oxyg51 ,hydrog51 ,nitrog51 & ,c>bon are f\nd 9 ^! di/ant planets4 ,we _c be f> wrong 9 suppos+ t !re are c>bonic acid1 ammonia1 & maybe o!r comb9ations4 ,atoms c]ta9ly mu/ exi/1 & molecules 7a drop ( wat] is a molecule74 ,!re may also be conductions ( heat1 ( molecul> motion4 ,:at !n is to h9d] ! evolution ( ph5om5a on ^! di/ant planets be+ regulat$ by laws v simil> to ! laws ( ?is e>?--radiation & absorption ( heat1 combu/ion & explosion1 t5sion & velocity ( ! v>i\s elem5ts1 "u peculi> circum/ances favor+ all ^! conditions8 ,t elem5ts :]ev] f\nd possess ! same physical prop]ties :5 br\ght "u ! same influ5ce ( heat & moi/ure1 !re c be no d\bt1 :e!r !y are f>!r remov$1 or ne>] to ! contact ( ! sun's rays4 ,x is a fact1 a well-e/abli%$ fact1 t diff]5t sub/ances require v>y+ degrees ( temp]ature to r$uce !m to a liquid1 gase\s1 or solid condition1 & no matt] :]e ! temp]ature is produc$ ! result w be ! same4 ,if1 = example1 a temp]ature c be procur$ on ! surface ( ,uranus1 or ,saturn1 suffici5t to melt iron1 lead1 or silv]1 ^! metallic sub/ances w melt at ,uranus or ,saturn z quickly z on ! e>?'s surface4 ,! laws regulat+ radiation1 absorption1 disp]sion1 or contraction1 or any o!r phase ! elem5t>y sub/ances may assume1 "u heat or pressure1 etc4--^! laws w hold good on any ( ! planets j z well z on ?is t]re/rial planet4 ,x is !re=e f> f unreasonable to presume t ! organizable elem5ts may h assum$ a vitality on ! di/ant planets1 evolv$ & develop$ creatures 9 accordance ) kn[n laws1 or laws t are /ill unkn[n to u4 ,because x is p]fectly natural = ^! sub/ances to organize !mselves into life1 "u a c]ta9 degree ( temp]ature1 moi/ure1 & electricity1 :5 ^! necess>y elem5ts are pres5t--z natural z t oxyg5 & hydrog5 make wat]1 or t ! sun's heat sets all ! elem5t>y sub/ances into a /ate ( activity4 ,we h no reason to d\bt t ^! planets1 or ev5 ! sun1 h n _! own vital products j z well z ?is e>?4 ,^! vital products may be ( l[ grade1 or ( a v highly organiz$ nature4 ,we may assume1 )\t fe> ( any great error1 t :]ev] !re are air & wat] !re is life4 ,because if !re is heat x is a sun's heat1 o!rwise !re c\ld n be air & wat]4 ,if !re is a sun's heat1 atmosph]e1 & wat]1 !re is c]ta9ly life1 l[ly or highly develop$4 ,! degree ( organic developm5t dep5ds on ! age ( ! planet--:e!r x has be5 9 exi/5ce a few millions ( ye>s m or a few millions ( ye>s loss4 ,^! organic =ms may h advanc$ to any degree ( p]fection & possess qualities l or unlike our own1 or !y may /ill exi/ 9 a v primitive /ate ( evolution4 ,let x be di/9ctly und]/ood t on ! degree ( organic developm5t dep5ds :e!r !y h rea*$ our height ( p]fection ( n]v\s developm5t1 or ! developm5t ( a sub/ance capable ( p]=m+ functions simil> to ! bra9 sub/ance animals are end[$ ) on ?is e>?1 ) physiological action ! same or simil>--:e!r und]go+ gradual *anges1 & accumulat+ exp]i5ce1 !y may h arriv$ at t degree ( p]fection to be capable ( ?9k+ & reflect+1 may h acquir$ und]/&+ ( a nature possess+ all ! fe>1 wond]1 & ignorance ( c]ta9 /ates ( n]v\s developm5t1 :]e ! ideas are j =m+ & imag9ation b>ely assum+ =m4 ,!y may1 ,i say1 h begun evolv+ _! gods1 or images repres5t+ ! same1 or may h rea*$ t /ate ( p]fection t e creature is end[$ ) su* p[]s1 und]/&+1 & reason+1 acquir$ by millions ( ye>s ( tra9+ & education1 t !y con/itute gods 9 !mselves4 ,or ! creatures inhabit+ ^! planets may be 9 a condition l t ( creatures _m1 _m ages pa/ ^u e>?--may h no k ( gods or ,god1 b are und]go+ ! necess>y evolution>y *anges t w ultimately br+ !m to t happy elysium1 :5 !y w be capable to produce _! ,god or gods1 z we h done on ?is e>?4 ,:y is x n possible t a high] ord] ( be+s inhabit+ ,saturn are at ?is mom5t employ+ in/rum5ts 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! con/itution & condition ( ?is t]re/rial globe1 speculat+ on ! probability :e!r ?is e>? is inhabit$ or n8 ,!y may h positive k t ?is planet has an atmosph]e sev]al hundr$ miles 9 dep?4 ,!y may "k its size1 diamet]1 its di/ance f ! sun1 & t ?is planet revolves 9 an ellipse z ! planet ,saturn does4 ,!y may also "k t ! elem5ts are ( ! same nature2 & t !re are m\nta9s1 seas1 an equator1 a nor? & a s\? pole1 b only "o moon4 ,look+ at ?is planet z a /> ( ?is sol> sy/em1 ( p]haps ! ?ird or ! f\r? magnitude1 no?+ comp>$ ) _! own1 ei!r 9 size1 moons1 belts1 or o!r important features1 ^! high] organiz$ be+s on ,saturn may be able to behold worlds beyond !mselves f> m va/ ?an _! own1 & reg>d ?is planet1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 etc41 z v insignificant affairs4 ,:y may !y n h appliances1 modes ( travel or communication1 z f> remov$ 9 intellig5ce f our highe/ ord] ( be+s1 z ! diff]5ce betwe5 a frog & ! pope8 ,we h no reason to exclude any supposition1 h[ev] wild & extravagant1 z to ! conditions ( o!r planets4 ,x is n entirely imag9>y4 ,inf]5ces may be drawn f :at we "k1 & d$uctions made f our practical exp]i5ce4 ,?is problem is saf] to speculate on1 hav+ a solid basis to />t )4 ,^? :o believe 9 ! actuality ( an exi/+ ,god h n a ?+ to base 8 exi/5ce on1 except ! natural functions ( ! bra94 ,b if we conc$e t ?is e>? has a ,god1 :at "r h we to assume t ea* o!r planet has n a god ( its own8 ,we h no evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,:o d>es to /ate positively t !y h n a god8 ,:y %\ld ?is insignificant t]re/rial planet ,god presume1 or p]sons = him1 t he controls & gov]ns planet>y bodies hundr$s ( times l>g]1 & p]haps f> m important1 ?an ?is small sol> sy/em8 ,h[ d we "k t ! inhabitants ( o!r planets h n _h angels1 sa9ts1 & saviors8 ,h[ d we "k t !y h n _h be+s :o pret5d$ to "k all ab\t _! god1 & 7 z brutal1 z savage1 & z dem5t$ z "s ( ! p]sons figur+ 9 scripture1 or ! tyrannical1 bloody papi/s ( ! ,d>k ,ages8 ,! imag9ation ( man suppli$ u ) ,gods or a ,god on e>?2 ! imag9ation is ju/ifi$ 9 supply+ o!r planets ) a god or gods4 ,! god ( ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 or ,saturn1 etc41 may ) z mu* =ce & propriety say1 ,i am t ,i am2 ,i am ! great ,i am1 ! creator ( all ?+s4 ,y1 ,planet ,e>?1 may be a little old]1 rip]1 m solidifi$1 h a solid cru/1 yet rememb] our god is j z good z y\rs1 & bett]4 ,y h only "o moon--a fossil _w1 a m]e c9d]4 ,&1 moreov]1 our god is f\rte5 hundr$ times l>g] ?an y\rs1 because our globe is t mu* l>g]4 ,our globe has a diamet] ( n9ety ?\s& miles4 ,& we h f\r satellites1 or moons4 ,our l>ge/ is z big z y\r :ole e>?4 ,!re=e1 x is ridicul\s = y to claim sup]iority4 ,z to my neighbor ,saturn1 ) 8 eight moons & belts1 8 god smiles at y\r presumption4 ,i1 ! god ( ,jupit]1 agree ) ! great god ( ,saturn & o!rs1 t y\r t]re/rial affect$ greatness is too ridicul\s to be wor?y ( our s]i\s consid]ation4 ,9 fact1 x is absurd = y\r e>?ly god%ip to claim to h made ! sun t great lum9>y t gives u all heat1 light1 & life4 ,let u g b "o /ep f>!r into space to %[ ! fallacy ( ! assumption t ?is t]re/rial ,god creat$ all planets1 />s1 etc4 ,at ! pres5t "t x is consid]$ t ! /> ,alpha 7a7 ,c5tauri 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e is ! ne>e/ to ! e>?4 ,its di/ance is m ?an #bjj1jjj times t ( ! e>? f ! sun1 or tw5ty trillions ( miles4 ,light w\ld require ab\t f\r & a half ye>s to travel ?is enorm\s di/ance4 ,! />s :i* we see at su* imm5se di/ances are suns4 ,! va/ di/ance at :i* ! />s are kn[n to be1 precludes ! ?\ght ( _! %9+1 l ! planets or ! moon1 by reflect+ back ! light ( our sun4 ,!y mu/ be self-lum9\s1 & are d\btless ea* a c5t] ( a sy/em ( planets & satellites4 ,our sun is b a />4 ,z we see only ! suns ( ^! di/ant sy/ems1 s _! inhabitants see only ! sun ( our sy/em1 & t z a small />4 ,arrogant1 conceit$ humanity1 ) an unb\nd$ assurance & self-confid5ce1 mix$ ) pr(\nd ignorance1 h ! impud5ce to claim t _! t]re/rial ,god creat$ all ! />s1 suns1 & planet>y sy/ems t are s f> away 9 space t ! eye ( man _c behold !m--no1 n ev5 ) ! /ronge/ in/rum5t yet made4 ,we may be comp>$ to maggots on a big *eese1 crawl+ ov] its surface2 !y may ) equal propriety claim t _! *eese is ! only *eese ev] creat$1 & t x 0 made = _! own special use1 & t all o!r *eeses 7 made only = _! b5efit4 ,"s ( ! maggots might equally claim t !re 0 only "o ,god--! man :o made ! *eese4 ,t is1 t man1 ! maggot's god1 made ! c[ t gave ! milk t produc$ ! *eese :]eon ! maggot dwelt4 ,let e planet h its ,god1 ,& e ,god its planet4 ,mu* my/]y lies 9 ! ^w1 ,y simply h to scan x4 ,let e man 8 own ,god make1 ,god 9 man1 pure & elect1 ,let common s5se & reason wake6 ,k1 tru?1 makes man p]fect4 ,g se>* y\r ,god ?r\gh dep?s ( space ,on suns & />s inf9ite4 ,! m9d exp&s to e place4 ,to di/ance )\t limit4 ,if y don't f9d ! ,god y seek ,se>* )9 y\rselves4 ,p]*ance1 ,y'll f9d y\r ,god1 q good & meek1 ,b n 9 y\r ignorance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,e ,,man ,,8 ,,own ,,god4 ,writ]s & ?9k]s ) a /rong !ological bias1 seem to fe> t ! _w w\ld g to pieces if ! scriptural ,god or ,gods 7 depos$4 ,!y seem to appreh5d t ! moral & political economy w\ld s]i\sly suff]1 & ! moral idea especially be de/roy$4 ,:5 ^! g5tlem5 f9d x impossible to reconcile ! difficulties t ov]%ad[ ! p]sonal & triple-head$ deities--t someh[ !y _c make !m h>monize ) ! rec5t discov]ies & ! developm5t 9 natural sci5ces--!y attempt to mold !m s z to fit ! requirem5ts ( ! occasion4 ,?us1 x 0 discov]$ t ! prime ess5ce ( ! _w is ,god1 or some?+ t p]vades all nature2 t he is ! fir/ great cause1 & t ?is implies "s huge m\nta9 ( w p[]1 & an imm5se ocean ( intellig5ce2 t he is ! creator ( all ?+s--t out ( him ?is _w em]g$ & out ( ! _w all ! v>i\s activities & objects 7 develop$ by ! life inh]5t 9 ! sub/ances1 etc4 ,!n aga9 !y repres5t him z a great design]--decl>e t ,god design$ all ?+s & be+s1 & put ev]y?+ 9 %ip%ape ord]2 & aft] ! design 0 f9i%$ he set ! ma*9]y 9 motion4 ,^!1 & int]m9able simil> pet !ories & excuses1 are made = ,god to reta9 a foo?old 9 ! m9d ( man4 ,clev] bra9s & prolific imag9ations h succe$$ 9 clo?+ ,god1 or ,gods1 ) all ! attributes ?us f> discov]$ ei!r 9 man1 bea/1 planet1 or space--ext5sion1 contraction1 ela/icity1 etc4--modes1 limitation1 f9ite1 inf9ite1 absolute--ev]y?+1 9 fact1 t has ev] be5 pr9t$ 9 ! l>ge/ encyclop$ia kn[n4 ,^! g5tlem5 %\ld h _h memories t ! orig9al d\bts 9 ,abraham's m9d 7 ! result ( common s5se & reason2 t he /ill reta9$ ! s5sual qualities ( ! ,*aldean gods4 ,! modifications & transitions ( t fir/ idea are v m>k$1 z well z v num]\s4 ,by ! "t we rea* ,*ri/1 he is n ! same4 ,x is to be regrett$ t we h no complim5ts to wa/e on ?is ,god--alias ,jehova--because a m bloody1 selfi%1 mon/r\s idea _c be well portray$1 if ! /ory 9 ! ,bible be true4 ,& c]ta9ly he1 & 8 triple alliance1 does n exhibit "o r$eem+ quality dur+ ! c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1 because a m hide\s1 outrage\s1 crim9al mon/] _c be con/ruct$1 except by human +5uity & by human devices4 ,9 ano!r *apt] we call ! att5tion ( ! read] to "s ( ! mo/ b>b>\s abom9ations ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 & su* a pollut$ set ( but*]+ popes z words fail to give any adequate idea (4 ,all ?is goes to %[ t ?is imag9>y idea ( ,god may be made to fit any p]son or any purpose4 ,x is b reasonable to inquire1 ,does ,god create ! ,bra91 or does ! ,bra9 create ,god8 ,t is really ! entire "q 9 a nut%ell4 ,we "k1 ) absolute c]ta9ty1 t ,god does n make bra91 o!rwise we %\ld h x p]haps a little m uni=m1 & ( a bett] quality4 ,besides1 all o!r animals possess+ bra9 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be entitl$ to ! k ( ?is ,god 9 proportion to ! size1 quantity1 & quality ( ! bra94 ,?is1 !n1 be+ impossible1 we h no o!r means ( arriv+ at ! tru? ?an by conclud+ t ,bra9 creat$ ,god4 ,e bra9 _c create ,god2 ! great n]v\s c5t]s may be insuffici5t1 ei!r 9 quantity or quality1 to enable ! bra9 to acquire qualifications t w give expression to m ?an ! in/9ctive numb] ( s5sations & emotions4 ,creatures g5]ally are limit$ to ! in/9ctive numb] ( s5sations & emotions2 & act1 move1 & h _! be+ 9 h>mony ) ^!4 ,animals ( all classes belong to ?is category1 & n infrequ5tly man1 too4 ,by t is meant1 man 9 an uncultur$ /ate1 & ev5 among !m ! degree ( exp]i5ce & ! p[] ( obs]vation make ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o set ( savages & ano!r4 ,intellig5ce1 und]/&+1 & reason+ p[] dep5d on "s k9d ( exp]i5ce4 ,! repetition ( exp]i5ce con/itutes1 9 "s measure1 ! tra9+ ( ! s5ses1 & ?r\gh ! s5ses & ! c]ebral hemisph]es ! intellect is ?us =m$ & m9d develop$4 ,! intellectual acquirem5ts may be limit$ by ! asc5d5cy ( "s pr$om9at+ ideas or op9ions t *eck progress4 ,z = example1 ! abs5ce ( s*ools 9 communities1 ! =cible prev5tion ( education1 ! prohibition ( education by prie/ly au?ority ( ! *ur*1 & ! suppression by ecclesia/ics ( all ideas except _! own4 ,?is we may t]m limitation ( bra9 culture by undue int]f]5ce ( ! asc5d5t idea or ideas t limits ! range ( intellig5ce & subjects ! w p[] to ! control & direction ( :at ! p presum$ to be a great] "r ?an _! own4 ,prescrib$ limits ( education *eck or /unt ! natural progress1 & if any progress is made1 ! p mu/ break ?r\gh ! prescrib$ limits1 z 0 ! case ) ,lu!r1 ,sp9oza1 ,voltaire1 ,r5an1 etc4 ,! asc5d5cy ( man ov] animals *ecks _! fur!r progress 9 ! way ( intellig5ce4 ,! sup]ior ho/ile intellig5ce holds possession & w n p]mit fur!r developm5t4 ,z reg>ds animals1 we h tak5 possession ( ! e>?1 & h put a /op to all fur!r advancem5t4 ,suppos+ a man develops an idea1 x is n an easy matt] to p]suade 8 next-door neighbor1 :o is 8 equal p]haps 9 intellig5ce2 b1 x is n difficult to inculcate 8 pet idea into 8 *ild4 ,x is1 z x 71 virg9 gr\nd1 & he pl[s x to 8 lik+4 ,he has complete control4 ,he is ma/]4 ,he directs x z he wi%es1 & prev5ts o!rs f plant+ /range ideas or ideas ho/ile or antagoni/ic to 8 own4 ,9 ?is mann] we comm5ce bre$+ ideas1 & we cont9ue bre$+ ! same ideas1 on ! same pr9ciple z bre$+ pigeons or *ick5s2 !y are all ( ! same k9d1 if y don't cross !m2 & ! m eggs y lay ! m *ick5s y get1 & if !y multiply rapidly1 especially if y h _m h5s to "o roo/] 7z ! ,jews _h71 :at a multitude to spoil a g>d5-pat*6 ,t is precisely :at happ5s1 & t is :at actually took place ) ,abraham4 ,we h also a natural limitation to bra9 culture4 ,we may in/ance ! orang-outang1 ! ,bu%man1 ! negro1 ! idiot1 etc4--bra9s t are n susceptible to mu* culture or education4 ,! und]/&+1 ! developm5t ( ! intellectual faculties1 is limit$ ( necessity4 ,!re is no possibility ( go+ beyond _! capacity2 x w hold a giv5 measure & no m4 ,ev5 among ^!1 ! range ( intellig5ce may v>y "s degrees4 ,impairm5t1 effectiv5ess1 or entire abs5ce ( any "o ( ! s5ses1 limits intellectual acquirem5ts4 ,! uni=m activity ( all ! s5ses is !reby h9d]$4 ,we h 9 addition innum]able v>ieties ( bra9 9 size1 quality1 quantity1 =m2 z also inh]it$ fail+s or diseas$ conditions4 ,! qualities ( ,god dep5d ^u ! qualities ( ! man4 ,!re has n yet be5 a god conceiv$ by ! human m9d b gre$9ess 0 ! *ief elem5t4 ,m5 made gods = o!rs1 ^: inf]ior intellect 0 easily sway$ to believe 9 great b5efits !y 7 to expect1 b nev] got1 yet 7 cont9ually pay+ =4 ,e man or woman is responsible = 8 or h] acts1 & no ,god--suppos+ !re to be any--c save him or h]4 ,!re c be no int]cession betwe5 man1 & nature or nature's laws4 ,e liv+ be+ is held to /rict acc\ntability to ! prevail+ =ces & ! controll+ elem5ts t compose x4 ,x is always a "q ( un*angeable equilibrium betwe5 ! elem5ts & ! surr\nd+ m$ium1 z to ! k9d ( a ,god we may acquire4 ,a man c see no f>!r ?an 8 sight w p]mit him4 ,! organ ( sight1 ! eye1 may be s con/itut$ t we c b>ely recognize ! ne>e/ object1 or we may )\t difficulty di/+ui% ! smalle/ object at a great di/ance4 ,?is condition1 ( see+ objects ne>1 at a mod]ate di/ance1 or f> (f1 or n see+ at all1 dep5ds on ! natural con/ruction ( ! organ itself4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! v>i\s qualities ( sight is due to ! prop] qualities & %ape ( ! v>i\s /ructures t ent] into ! composition ( ! organ ( vision4 ,e "p mu/ be p]fect--! l5s1 ! iris1 ! cornea1 ! vitre\s humor1 etc4 ,n only mu/ ! p>ts be p]fect1 b !y mu/ also be 9 a heal?y condition1 to produce accurate vision4 ,all ?is answ]s well = ord9>y purposes 9 life1 tak+ 9 su* impressions z ! app>atus ( vision may f "t to "t receive4 ,^! are reta9$1 /or$ up2 ?us memory ( objects1 ! impressions ( :i* h be5 record$1 may be recall$ to m9d ei!r 9 actuality or 9 imag9ation4 ,! education ( t organ consi/s 9 ! numb]1 v>iety1 & k9d ( impressions receiv$4 ,?is con/itutes ! degree ( educational exp]i5ce1 be+ regulat$ by ! am\nt ( k ( ! great] or less] numb] ( objects t h be5 record$ ?r\gh ! ret9a on ! great c5tral n]v\s sy/em4 ,exp]i5ce1 long practice1 matures & p]fects ! k ( all ?+s t meet ! eye2 und]/&+ becomes m ?or\gh1 intellect cle>]1 & judgm5t m accurate1 enabl+ u by t means to recognize ! smalle/ imp]fection1 ! slighte/ deviation1 & ! mo/ delicate %ade ( h>mony1 9 color & =m4 ,we all "k h[ h>d x is = a *ild to recognize %apes1 objects1 colors1 etc4 ,we "k its long & t$i\s repetitions ( look+ at "o & ! same ?+ an inf9ite numb] ( times be=e x w recognize x4 ,we "k t a *ild w repeat ?+s1 or ! names ( ?+s1 )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t !m2 or1 x may "k ! names ( ?+s yet n recognize ! ?+s :5 pres5t$ to its sight4 ,! decision or judgm5t :e!r ! ?+ is "r & prop]1 is left to ! p]son :o has already _h exp]i5ce & acquir$ k & und]/&+ conc]n+ ^! matt]s4 ,?us ! *ild may be direct$ rightly or wrongly1 & its education mu/ dep5d on ! accuracy ( ! in/ruction receiv$4 ,h[ev]1 ! impressions receiv$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( life rema9 firm1 & are n easily remov$ or eradicat$1 no matt] h[ faulty1 wrong1 h[ p]v]se & false1 !y may be4 ,! /rong] & deep] ! impressions & ! long] !y h become habituat$ to !m1 ! h>d] x is to correct !m1 ! m difficult to expla9 ! errors4 ,x is 9 su* cases almo/ impossible to conv9ce1 & a t$i\s task to eradicate4 ,by ^! e>ly educational processes durable habits are acquir$1 t become p]si/5t & rema9 dur+ life2 especially :5 no contr>y influ5ces h be5 br\ght to be> ^u !m to modify or correct !m4 ,x is almo/ an impossibility to tra9 or educate ! organ1 :e!r s5se ( sight or e>1 or ! organ ( voice1 aft] a c]ta9 ago has be5 rea*$4 ,an arti/ mu/ />t "y 9 8 arti/ic education if he has any desire to excel 9 t art--t is1 if ! organs ( sight & t\* are to be ev5ly balanc$4 ,s t :5ev] any p]son inh]its ! necess>y qualities ( sight & t\*1 & ^! become educat$1 ,i mean accurately tra9$1 skill mu/ result 9 excell5ce1 & f t rea* to a degree ( p]fection4 ,! high art ( pa9t+ becomes ?is man's ideal1 & ?is ideal 8 god1 if ! education ( ! o!r s5ses has n mat]ially int]f]$ 9 %ad+ 8 ideal1 or ! moral & social qualities1 giv+ 8 productions a tone or t9t t may cl\d or bright5 8 ef=ts1 n =gett+ ! inh]5t or acquir$ bias ( o!r surr\nd+s t may influ5ce 8 m9d4 ,9 ! culture ( music or ( ! e>1 !re is a wond]ful diff]5ce 9 ! k9d ( s\nds a p]son has receiv$ z 8 e>lie/ impressions1 ! numb] ( s\nds 8 scale ( ! notes consi/s (4 ,:at we t]m ! monoton\s s\nds ( ,*9ese music delight ! ,*9aman's e>1 & he _c conceive h[ x is possible = ,europeans to tol]ate ! imm5se am\nt ( confusion t is usually display$ 9 an or*e/ra4 ,yet ! ,european is delight$ ) our music & f9ds ! ,*9ese music v dull4 ,! same diff]5ce1 b n to t degree1 exi/s among ! v>i\s ,european nationalities4 ,sprightly ,france ?9ks ,briti% music v dull1 etc4 ,pa9t+ is an art1 b ev]ybody _c pa9t1 ?\gh ev]ybody has sight & t\*4 ,t art requires a great deal ( tra9+4 ,! va/ majority ( mank9d are n able ev5 to draw an accurate outl9e ( any object4 ,sight1 ! organ ( vision1 is a difficult organ to educate4 ,! same difficulties confront u ) o!r organs4 ,a degree ( p]fection is requisite 9 ! con/ruction ( ! organ 9 ord] to conf] ! necess>y qualification = a high] tra9+4 ,& "h too ! education consi/s ( receiv+ impressions ?r\gh ! organ ( he>+ to ! bra91 & ^!1 l ! impressions ( sight1 are record$1 t is to say1 !y are reta9$1 9 memory1 s t we may recall !m1 or recognize !m1 :5 famili> s\nds /rike ! e>4 ,any k9d ( simple s\nd is easily reta9$4 ,a *ild w mu* m easily recognize ! voice ( a cat or a dog ?an a pa9t+ or a picture1 & w rememb] ! "o b n recognize ! o!r4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a diff]5ce 9 ! educational capabilities ( ^! organs4 ,simple s\nds are easily reta9$ & easily reproduc$4 ,a simple comb9ation ( s\nds are also reta9$ )\t difficulty4 ,?us x comes t we are all m or less imitators ( s\nds or simple melodies4 ,^! seem to contribute to our amusem5t m readily1 ei!r = our own satisfaction1 or = ! satisfaction ( o!rs1 or bo?4 ,^! reproductions ( s\nds or melodies d n require any m5tal ef=t or physical ef=t4 ,! organ ( voice may be us$--t is1 we attempt to s+4 ,we may hum1 or we c puck] our lips toge!r & :i/le4 ,ea* individual :i/les 9 8 own peculi> fa%ion1 seldom two alike4 ,!y may be simil>1 b nev] alike4 ,! fault may lie 9 ! lips1 ! tongue1 9 ! =m ( ! op5+ made1 ! mann] ( bl[+ ?r\gh ! op5+ =m$ by ! lips1 ! duration & /r5g? ( ! expiration1 dryness or moi/ure ( ! m\?1 ! ?ickness or flabb9ess ( *eeks1 etc41 etc4 ,h5ce x comes t e man has 8 :i/le4 ,y may take a class & tra9 !m to :i/le a melody1 say ,yankee ,doodle4 ,ea* "o w produce simil> successive s\nds or notes1 s t t p>ticul> melody is recogniz$1 b ea* "o w h 8 own ,yankee ,doodle1 ) peculi>ities1 *>act]i/ics peculi>ly 8 own4 ,if1 = example1 he is musically incl9$1 or has _h any tra9+ 9 music1 he or %e may put a quav] or two 91 z a v>iation1 m or less4 ,yet ea* "o w /ill own 8 own :i/le & pipe 8 own ,yankee ,doodle4 ,t is j :at happ5s ) ,god4 ,we h no ,god1 we nev] _h "o1 b we h be5 educat$ up to "o4 ,9 *ildhood we already he> ! fir/ indi/9ct s\nd1 & we don't "k :e!r x is ! b>k ( a dog or ! mew ( a cat4 ,by & by1 z we gr[ old] & are ready to att5d ,sunday-s*ool1 or "s o!r in/itution :]e ^! in/ructions are imp>t$1 y le>n ! melody ( ,yankee ,doodle--r puzzl+ at fir/1 b x comes4 ,v>iations are put 9 to suit special cases & special occasions1 & ea* individual memb] ( any "o class :i/les 8 ,yankee ,doodle to ! be/ ( 8 ability--entirely 8 own2 he is p]fectly happy ) x2 x does n 9 any way int]f]e 9 ! ord9>y pursuits 9 life1 8 pleasures1 8 /oma*1 8 div]sion nor 8 bus9ess2 & really x makes no diff]5ce :]e he is1 9 ! /reet1 9 ! factory1 9 ! /ore1 on ! ex*ange1 9 ! hovel or 9 ! palace1 he c>ries 8 ,yankee ,doodle ) him4 ,:i/le x ov] a bir?1 ov] a w$d+1 or ov] a fun]al1 :i/le x :]ev] y w1 x is ! same ,yankee ,doodle4 ,x is us$ on all occasions--9 w>s on ! battlefield1 or at peace on p>ade1 etc4 ,?us x happ5s t ev]yone1 male or female1 has 8 or h] own peculi> ,doodle4 ,if ! man or woman or *ild _h nev] he>d ?is melody !y w\ld c]ta9ly n h kn[n any?+ ab\t x1 & !re=e c\ld n h enjoy$ t p>ticul> melody4 ,he or %e might h he>d ano!r melody j z simple1 p]haps j z /upid1 b diff]5tly con/ruct$4 ,! culture ( ^! !ological ideas =ms ! fundam5tal gr\ndwork ( our educational *ur* sy/em1 & ea* sect has its own me?od ( plant+ its se$ accord+ to its peculi> notions4 ,we mu/ always be> 9 m9d t be=e n]ve tissue 0 develop$1 n]ve =ce or ?\ght c\ld n exi/2 t ! ph5om5a ( imag9ation1 or ! product ( a comb9ation ( ideas1 ! result ( ! impressions receiv$ by ! s5ses1 reta9$1 & pass+1 connect$ly or disconnect$ly1 ?r\gh ! bra91 c\ld n be effect$ except by exp]i5ce & tra9+4 ,! idea ( a ,god or ,gods impress$ e>ly 9 life1 :ile ! bra9 is be+ develop$--! bra9 tissue ( c\rse--rema9s firmly root$1 & is v difficult to *ange or eradicate lat] 9 life4 ,9 case a *ange is ev] produc$1 x takes place by a process ( reason+1 :5 und]/&+ has be5 acquir$4 ,! acceptance ( an idea or an op9ion requires little s5se & no reason+1 &1 inde$1 no education4 ,*ildr5 believe any?+ !y are told1 until !y gr[ old] & le>n to "k bett]4 ,m5 & wom5 believe because !y don't "k bett]4 ,accid5tally !y 7 plac$ 9 a p>ticul> groove ( ?9k+1 :]e9 !y c glide =w>d1 backw>d1 r\nd 9 a circle1 p]petually1 ) ease & )\t int]ruption1 )\t ef=t & )\t und]/&+4 ,?is p]petual glid+ motion1 )9 circumscrib$ limits1 is ov] ! same ,god1 ,holy ,gho/1 ,*ri/1 s9 & salvation1 or ! rev]se2 no advancem5t or progress4 ,:atev] has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! affairs ( m51 has be5 done )\t ! prescrib$ limits1 & to t we owe our pres5t civilization & mat]ial prosp]ity4 ,:oev] ! fir/ individual 0 t propos$ wor%ip1 no matt] h[ x orig9at$1 or :at x 01 or h[ crude1 ! ?\ght 0 ! product ( "s man's bra94 ,:e!r he ev] /ood face to face ) 8 own idea l ,moses1 or ,mohamm$1 or anyone else1 makes n ! slighte/ diff]5ce4 ,x 0 a man's individual notion1 prompt$ by fe>1 ignorance1 or a/oni%m5t4 ,x is ! "w ( ! bra9 j ! same4 ,x 0 _! idols1 images1 god1 gods1 & m5 t 7 end[$ ) div9ity1 7 held sacr$1 wor%ip$1 & honor$4 ,^! human inv5tions 7 supplem5t$ by o!r human inv5tions1 rites & rituals1 up to ?is pres5t "t4 ,we disc>d ideas t h be5 tri$ & f\nd want+ = modifi$ or new ones--z ,abraham1 ,moses1 ,*ri/1 ,mohamm$1 ,lu!r1 ,wesley1 etc4 ,! notions ( ^! m5 9 turn h und]gone ! civiliz+ filt]+ process1 until !re is little left b ! m]e s\nd4 ,! ,unit>ians1 = example1 h /ripp$ ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity d[n to a skeleton4 ,!y seem to say3 ,?is 0 once ! great bugaboo3 y ne$ n be sc>$1 x's p]fectly h>mless4 ,x has be5 civiliz$1 y "k4 ,sci5ce did x4 ,hell is out ( fa%ion4 ,heav5 we h on e>?1 if we h ! means to d x )4 ,we c be angels if we wi% to1 sa9ts if necess>y1 & holy if desirable4 ,e man makes 8 own heav51 8 own hell1 8 own angels1 8 own bliss1 & 8 own god4 ,yes1 he has 8 own sa9ts & 8 own div9ities4 ,a woman does precisely ! same ?+4 ,! imag9ation supplies all ! necess>y mat]ial = _! production1 select$ f natural objects & put toge!r 9 a mann] mo/ pleas+1 acceptable1 & satisfactory to ea* "o4 ,we make !m z good z we "k h[1 z pretty & z delightful z our ta/e & fancy c create !m4 ,yet ! k9d ( :imsical repres5tations ( ! m9d dep5ds l>gely ^u ! condition ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 "t ( life1 & our daily occupation4 ,a "y girl at pub]ty1 ^: m9d is ent]+ into t beautiful p>adise ( dreaml&1 bloom+ ) buds ( hopes & rosy wi%es1 exp]i5ces ! delights ( new s5sations1 creates h] ,god1 h] ,jesus1 or h] ,holy ,gho/1 to fill ! nooks ( h] aspirations1 ) all ! ab\nd+ exaltation & luxuries ( h] creative p[]4 ,e cl\d has w+s1 e /> bright eyes t w9k & beckon h] to future bliss1 to desires unkn[n yet long$ =4 ,%e li/5s ) eag] e>s = e s\nd4 ,! zephyrs ( ! spr+ ( life are waft+ music to h] e>4 ,z %e gazes ) gu%+ eyes into e!real space1 %e is se>*+ ! heav5s = com+ en*antm5t4 ,h] doll1 ! god or ! play?+ ( *ildhood1 has lo/ its int]e/1 & all ! pretty ?+s t =m]ly 7 s pleas+ h lo/ _! *>m1 z ! bell & small] infantile toy _h lo/ !irs be=e ! doll _h ne/l$ into h] affections4 ,n[ a m reali/ic feel+ p]meates h] s5ses1 & beauties ( a new & m attractive =m occupy h] agitat$ he>t & bra94 ,:at is ! awak5+ ( ^! new emotions1 ! unfold+ ( ^! new s5tim5ts1 t seem to l+] on ! bord]l& ( re/ra9$ passion8 ,is x n ! dawn ( love1 ! transitory p]iod1 t bridge ( n]v\s exaltation t leads f pub]ty to mat]nity8 ,%e has h] own god1 a figure to h] notion z pure1 ref9$1 & beautiful z %e c picture 9 ! visions ( h] wak+ or sleep+ dreaml& m9d4 ,h] sighs1 h] pray]s1 h] devotions1 are direct$ to him4 ,?is is h] com+ ,messiah1 h] angel1 h] ev]y?+1 t is to realize all h] hopes & expectations4 ,x is h] ,god4 ,c a jockey or a prizefight] h feel+s l ^!8 ,! =m] has a horsey god1 ! latt] a muscul>4 ,! fi%]man1 ! sailor1 ! soldi]1 ea* 9 8 sph]e has 8 or h] god4 ,und]ly+ all ! busy activities ( daily life1 :atev] feel+s ( c>e or pleasure ea* may exp]i5ce1 x is b ^u r>e occasions he puck]s 8 lips to give v5t to 8 devotional feel+s & :i/les 8 ,yankee ,doodle--8 ,god6 ,our gods are z we make !m4 ,if we are good our god is good1 if we are pure our god is pure1 & if our s5ses are subord9ate to our reason & und]/&+ our god w be "o ( reason & und]/&+1 b if we are impure1 bad1 & evil-m9d$1 our s5ses & passions rul+ supreme1 reason & und]/&+ are subord9ate 9 our god1 & ! evils ( animal s5se pr$om9ate4 ,e man is 8 own god4 ,z he is1 s is 8 god4 ,z he makes himself1 s w 8 god be4 ,z he protects himself1 s ,god w protect him4 ,z he guides himself1 s w ,god guide him4 ,:atsoev] a man accompli%es = himself1 t w ,god accompli% = him4 ,:atsoev] a man does = himself1 t ,god w d = him4 ,if a man supports himself1 ,god w support him4 ,if he neglects himself1 ,god w neglect him4 ,! m he dep5ds on himself1 ! sur] is 8 dep5d5ce on ,god4 ,z he saves himself1 s ,god w surely save him4 ,z he injures himself1 s w he be injur$ by ,god4 ,z a man puni%es himself1 s w he be puni%$ by ,god4 ,god w help him :o c help himself4 ,if a man is true to himself1 ,god w be true to him4 ,by indu/ry1 economy1 & sobriety y w conf] bless+s on y\rself2 y h no ne$ ( ,god to bless y4 ,make y\rself a good man or woman1 & y w surely h a good ,god4 ,a brutal man nev] has a meek god1 a /+y man a g5]\s god1 nor a vici\s man a m]ciful god4 ,e man br+s himself to ! level ( a brute or l[]1 or to ! highe/ type ( nobility ( man4 ,god nev] made man1 b e man makes 8 god4 ,,! ,,gateways ,,?r\gh ,,:i* ,,k ,,ent]s ,,! ,,s5ses4 ,! functions ( ! bra94 ,p]ception--,receiv+ impressions--,reta9+ impressions--,reproduc+ impressions--,kn[+--,=m+ simple ideas--,comp\nd ideas--,complex ideas--,mix$ ideas & complicat$ ideas--,conduct+1 transf]r+1 & reflexation-- ,cord9ation4 ,sight4 ,he>+4 ,t\*-feel+4 ,smell4 ,ta/e4 ,recognition ,comp>+ ,disc]nm5t ,att5tion ,9 ,ret5tion common4 ,succession ,id5tity ,div]sity ,cont9uity ,contemplation ,di/ance ,di/ance ,di/ance ,color ,solidity ,solidity ,solidity ,figure ,figure ,%ape ,%ape ,%ape long ,size ?ick ,size ?9 ,dim5sions ,dim5sions ,s(tness ,s(tness ,s(tness ,h>dness ,h>dness ,h>dness ,r\gh ,r\ghness ,r\ghness ,r\ghness ,smoo? ,smoo?ness ,smoo?ness ,smoo?ness ,motion ,motion ,motion ,motion ,action ,action ,action ,action ,dryness ,dryness ,dry ,dryness ,moi/ure ,moi/ure ,moi/ ,moi/ure ,fluidity ,fluid ,fluidity ,fluidity ,vibration ,vibration ,vibration ,vibration ,heat ,heat ,heat ,heat ,cold ,cold ,cold ,cold ,pa9 ,pleasure ,odor ,odor ,expansion ,expansion ,expansion ,expansion ,contraction ,contraction ,contraction ,contraction ,resi/ance ,resi/ance ,relation ,relation ,relation ,re/ ,re/ ,re/ ,unre/ ,unre/ ,s\nd ,appe>ance ,proportion ,proportion ,proportion ,proportion ----------------------------------v----- -----------------------------_/ ,,produce ,s5sations ,emotions--,feel+s-- ,ideation--,?\ght--,und]/&+-- ,reflection--,recollection--,delib]ation --,induction-- ,memory--,imag9ation--,judgm5t--,intelle ct--,w ,p[]--,m9d3 ,! normal products ( a heal?y n]v\s sy/em4 7,! abnormal result f a d]ang$ condition ( ! c]ebro-sp9al sy/em47 ,,morals3 ,,:5ce ,,!y ,,spr+4 ,to be moral means t ! organs be prop]ly & legitimately us$1 9 accordance ) ! law ( nature3 ,,/oma*4 ,,sexual ,,organs4 ,= nutrition ( ! body4 ,= ! propagation ( ! species4 ,wants ,normally ,suppli$4 ,satisfaction ,satisfaction ,cont5tm5t ,,lead ,,to ,heal? & ,happ9ess1 ,cont5tm5t ,com=t ,purity1 ,*a/ity1 ,love1 ,com=t ,pleasure ,affection1 ,joy4 ,pleasure ,peace ,peace ,abnormal ,use ( ! ,organs4 ,/>vation ,passion ,hung] ,,lead ,,to ,vanity1 ,neglig5ce1 ,indol5ce1 ,lu/ ,pov]ty ,deception1 ,discont5t1 ,selfi%ness1 ,ov]9dulg5ce ,luxury ,disease4 ,lascivi\sness ,extravagance ,vice ,drunk5ness ,:or$oms ,crime4 ,s94 -------- ,w ,p[] ,intellectually ,us$4 ,indu/ry1 ,integrity1 ,activity1 ,honor1 ,c\rage1 ,goodness1 ,*>ity1 ,b5evol5ce1 ,sympa?y1 ,pity1 ,humanity4 -------- ,be wise1 let ! gods & *ur* alone2 ,!y're false1 contr>y to nature's plan4 ,trespass n1 !re's no?+ to atone4 ,be human1 an upright man4 ,all _! rites & cre$s are full ( flaws4 ,z nature's products1 we ?rive & gr[4 ,b we mu/ be rul$ by nature's laws ,if we'd happy be--ourselves mu/ "k4 ,morals6 are ! laws we mu/ obey4 ,infr+e !m n1 pray]s _c save4 ,?\gh bless$1 we ! p5alty mu/ pay4 ,n to ,god1 or *ur*1 or prie/ be slave6 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,! ,,non ,,cr$o4 ,religion1 sup]naturalism1 ecclesia/ical control ( human affairs1 h done m h>m ?an ! good !y h ev] effect$4 ,= sev]al ?\s& ye>s !y h be5 do+ ! wor/ ( mis*ief--9 spite ( _! conceit$ belief to ! contr>y--to actual enlight5m5t1 to ! advancem5t & prosp]ity ( ! masses1 to ! progress ( nations g5]ally4 ,!y h be5 a p]si/5t b>ri] to e /ep =w>d1 & h p]secut$ e idea t ?reat5$ 9 any way to int]f]e ) _! organiz$ sy/em4 ,! sacr$ or ,hebraic nationality1 /eep$ 9 b>b>ism1 wa%$ 9 cruelty1 & ba!d 9 ! blood ( humanity1 0 succe$$ by ano!r organiz$ sy/em1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 :i* 0 by no means an improvem5t ^u ! ,bible me?ods4 ,!y add$ savag]y & cruelty ( a m ref9$ "*4 ,!y associat$ ) x a tyranny & a p]secution t fairly black5s ! pages ( hi/ory4 ,all 0 done1 h[ev]1 = ! sacr$ cause1 ) ! cant1 sanctimoni\sness1 gre$1 & selfi%ness t only ! *ur* & its sa9tly prie/s c\ld be capable (4 ,^! self-/yl$ div9e organizations ev] h be51 & are ev5 n[1 inimical to ! be/ social int]e/s ( humanity4 ,_! own aggr&izem5t 0 ( great] importance to !m ?an ! welf>e ( ! oppress$4 ,!y are ! real promot]s ( class di/9ction4 ,!y are ! promulgators ( sect>ian hate4 ,!y less5 ! dignity ( woman4 ,!y are ! fom5tors ( prejudice & sup]/ition4 ,!y are ! support]s & su/a9]s ( ! opul5t1 ! p[]ful1 ! weal?y & influ5tial1 to ! detrim5t & debasem5t ( ! poor & m un=tunate classes4 ,!y are ! actual enemies ( virtue & simplicity ( life--by _! exp5sive *ur* trapp+s1 _! gorge\s adornm5ts1 _! co/ly decorations1 _! gl>+ exhibition1 _! glitt]+ f9]y1 _! pomp\s display ( *ur* dress1 _! gild$ magnific5ce1 _! %[y gr&eur1 _! o/5tation & boa/ful c]emonies1 ov]aw+ ! s5ses1 & subdu+ ! humble1 ! ignorant1 mak+ !m m5tally m /upid1 ! slaves to a p]nici\s sy/em ( doctr9e4 ,9 anci5t times1 9 ! days ( antiquity1 ! males 7 ! *ief wor%ip]s4 ,!y 7 ! privileg$ portion ( ! community1 :o assum$ ! duties to come 9 direct contact ) all t 0 consid]$ sacr$1 holy1 or div9e4 ,woman 0 consid]$ z a defil$ or pollut$ creature1 unwor?y or unfit to come )9 ! sacr$ prec9cts ( _! temples or p>ticipate 9 any *ur* affairs1 or to m9i/] 9 any ( _! ecclesia/ical rites or c]emonies4 ,wom5 _h no?+ to say4 ,!y h no?+ to say to ?is day1 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* especially1 & 9 ! or?odox ,prote/ant d5om9ations v little1 because ,paul lays d[n ! law 9 ,cor4 xiv1 #cd3 ,let y\r wom5 keep sil5ce 9 y\r *ur*es3 = x is n p]mitt$ unto !m to speak2 b !y are comm&$ to be "u ob$i5ce z also sai? ! law4 ,! sacr$ ,*ri/ian view ( woman is t %e is an inf]ior creature4 ,%e is ! slave1 ! play?+1 ! toy ( pleasurable gratification4 ,god himself s orda9$ x1 :5 he creat$ ,adam out ( ! du/ & ,eve out ( "o ( ,adam's ribs4 ,t 0 ! ,*aldean mode ( expla9+ h] inf]iority & ( subject+ woman to man4 ,^! b>b>ians1 fir/ ! ,hebrews1 & ,*ri/ians lat]1 did n ?9k fit to place woman on a level ) man4 ,!re=e !y plac$ h] 9 ! l[] scale ( creation z a s]vant & h&maid to man4 ,! hea!ns1 ! ,greeks especially1 7 m consid]ate1 polit]1 & m ref9$ t[>ds wom54 ,wom5 7 honor$ by !m1 :i* is evid5t f ! composition ( ! c\ncil ( ,jupit]1 ! supreme div9ity4 ,?is 0 compos$ ( six gods1 namely1 ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 ,m]cury1 ,apollo1 ,m>s1 & ,vulcan2 & six goddesses1 namely1 ,juno1 ,c]es1 ,ve/a1 ,m9]va1 ,diana1 & ,v5us4 ,to ?is assembly no o!r deities 7 admitt$4 ,!re is "s s5se1 reason1 & humanity 9 ?is arrangem5t4 ,x is v unlike ! great mascul9e bully ( a ,god1 :at ,*ri/ians call sacr$ & scriptural ,jehova1 an int]m$dl+1 s5sual1 beef-eat+ affair1 :o has sons & nev] tells any "o :]e !y came f1 :o ! "m 0 7,g54 vi1 #b73 ,& ! sons ( ,god1 etc4 ,ve/al virg9s 7 admitt$ by ! ,romans to _! temples1 ?us %[+ t woman 0 honor$4 ,%e 0 equally privileg$ ) man to m9i/] to ! sacr$ (fices ( ! gods4 ,civilization has advanc$1 progress has be5 made 9 ! arts & sci5ces1 ! intellectual faculties are m develop$1 & to woman has be5 conc$$ h] prop] place among ! le>n$ & ! m lib]al portion ( humanity4 ,intellectually no l9e ( dem>cation is drawn4 ,cultur$ bra9 is cultur$ bra91 :e!r f\nd 9 man or 9 woman4 ,bo? sexes /& on ! same plat=m1 on an equal foot+1 & !y receive equal honor & recognition if ! m5tal capacity is equal4 ,:at is ! relation ( woman to-day to ! respective *ur*es to :i* %e may belong8 ,has ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* rec$$ "o /ep f h] antiquat$ ecclesia/ical position8 ,or h ! or?odox ,prote/ants8 ,n "o /ep6 ,woman /ill holds ! same degrad$ position 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* z %e did a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,circum/ances h some:at ameliorat$ ! relative position ( *ur* & wor%ip]s4 ,=m]ly ! males 7 ! pr9cipal *ur* att5d]s & wor%ip]s4 ,9 mod]n times x is ! wom5 :o make ! congregations4 ,! male1 if he att5ds1 does s to please ! female m ?an himself4 ,besides1 ! sexual attractions contribute v l>gely t[>ds ^! ,sunday ent]ta9m5ts4 ,wom5 7says ,maudsley1 9 8 ,pa?ology ( ,m9d1 *4 iv1 page #adc7 are naturally m prone to religi\s wor%ip ?an man1 & m apt to fall into a morbidly subjective habit1 fir/1 because ( ! prepond]ance ( ! affective life 9 !m1 & secondly1 because !y h n ! di/ract+ & correct+ & intellectually h>d5+ influ5ces ( outside int]e/s & pursuits :i* m5 h4 ,if unm>ri$ wom5 *ance to come1 z by reason ( ^? conditions !y are apt to d1 "u ! ignorant & misappli$ zeal ( unwise prie/s :o mi/ake = deep religi\s feel+ :at is really morbid self-feel+ spr++ at bottom f unsatisfi$ in/9ct or o!r ut]9e action ^u ! m9d1 ! mis*ief is greatly aggravat$4 ,x 7 well if ^? :o make x _! bus9ess to guide ! consci\sness ( mank9d ?r\gh ! manifold *anges & *ances ( life 7 to be at ! pa9s to inquire h[ mu* suppos$ religi\s feel+ may be due to physiological causes1 be=e !y sanction or enjo9 a repeat$ introspection ( ! feel+s4 ,he ^: e organ is 9 p]fect heal? kn[s n he has a body1 & only becomes consci\s t he has organs :5 some?+ wrong is go+ on2 9 l mann] a heal?y m9d 9 ! s\nd ex]cise ( ! functions is little consci\s t he has feel+1 & only gets v self-consci\s :5 !re is some?+ morbid 9 ! processes ( its activity4 ,! ec/atic trances ( su* sa9tly wom5 z ,ca!r9e de ,si5ne & ,/4 ,!resa1 9 :i* !y believ$ !mselves to be visit$ by _! ,savior & to be receiv$ z v]itable sp\ses into 8 bosom1 71 ?\gh !y knew x n1 little else ?an vic>i\s sexual orgasm2 a condition ( ?+s :i* ! int5se contemplation ( ! nak$ male figure1 c>v$ or sculptur$ 9 all its proportions on ! cross1 is m fitt$ to produce 9 wom5 ( susceptible n]v\s temp]am5t ?an p are apt to consid]4 ,e exp]i5c$ physician mu/ h met ) in/ances ( s+le & *ildless wom5 :o h devot$ !mselves ) extraord9>y zeal to habitual religi\s ex]cises1 & :o hav+ gone insane z a culm9ation ( _! emotional f]vor1 h /raightway exhibit$ ! sadde/ mixture ( religi\s & erotic symptoms--a boil+ ov] ) lu/1 9 voice1 face1 ge/ure1 "u ! pitiful degradation ( disease4 ,on su* p]sons ! confessional has _h sometimes ! mo/ injuri\s effect1 m especially 9 ^? *ur*es :i* spr+ ,romanism 9 _! ritual1 h n plac$ confession "u ! /r+5t regulations & safegu>ds ) :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* surr\nds x4 ,! fanatical religi\s sects1 su* z ! ,%ak]s & ! l1 :i* spr+ up f "t to "t 9 communities & disgu/ !m by ! (f5sive way 9 :i* !y m+le love & religion1 are inspir$ 9 great measure by sexual feel+s4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re is probably ! cunn+ ( a hypocritical knave or ! self-deceiv+ duplicity ( a half-insane "o1 us+ ! weaknesses ( weak woman to m9i/] to 8 vanity or to 8 lu/1 "u a religi\s guise2 on ! o!r h&1 !re is an exagg]at$ self-feel+1 root$ (t5 9 sexual passions1 :i* is unwitt+ly fo/]$ "u ! cloak ( religi\s emotion1 & :i* is apt to conduct to madness or to s94 ,9 su* case ! holy kiss ( love owes its w>m? to ! sexual impulse :i* inspires x1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 & ! my/ical religi\s union ( ! sexes is fitt$ to issue 9 a less spiritual union4 ,)\t d\bt1 an excessive developm5t ( ! emotional life 9 any o!r direction w\ld be equally p]nici\s4 ,all t ! unwise religi\s tea*] c be blam$ = is 8 disposition to fo/] ! egoti/ic developm5t ( emotion1 )\t consid]+ its real orig91 by ! ov]:elm+ importance :i* he tea*es ! individual to atta* to himself & 8 de/9y4 ,in/ead ( urg+ him to less5 ! gap betwe5 himself & nature until he loses self 9 a sympa!tic on5ess ) nature1 he /imulates him to wid5 x m & m until he rises to ! insane conceit ( himself z some?+ entirely di/9ct f nature--an unrelat$1 spiritual ess5ce1 = ^: b5efit ! univ]se & all t !re is has be5 specially creat$4 ,assur$ly 7 n man n[1 z he always has be51 in/9ctively wis] ?an 8 cre$s1 7 he n mov$ by a deep] impulse ?an consci\sness c give acc\nt (1 he w\ld make no progress 9 civilization4 ,! *ur* has lo/ its grip on ! male portion ( society4 ,!y h consid]ably outgr[n ! ecclesia/ical swaddl+ ( scriptural doctr9e ( ! anci5t & mod]n !ology4 ,! woman is ! /ronghold z wor%ip]1 & su/a9] ( ! sacr$ mascul9e pr]ogative :om !y c easily influ5ce4 ,by reason1 z ! holy book claims1 ( _! intellectual feebl5ess1 wom5 are ! submissive tools ( cunn+ prie/s1 s5tim5tal & emotional appeals1 & yield readily to _! extravagant dictum4 ,! prie/s exhort !m1 ) _! conv5tional religi\s phraseology1 to be p>tak]s ( "s my/]i\s glory to be f\nd some:]e 9 inf9ite space4 ,keep+ ev] 9 sight ! same /upefy+ refra9 ( ! or?odox pray] & bless+3 ,bless$ & glori\s tr9ity1 tr9ity 9 unity1 ?ree--"o1 ?ree p]sons 9 "o ,god1 tri-p]sonal1 triune1 coet]nal1 coequal1 ,god-man1 ,o ,"l ,god6 :o art "o ,god1 "o ,"l6 n "o only p]son1 b ?ree p]sons 9 "o sub/ance6 ,o ,"l ,god6 ,lamb ( ,god6 ,son ( ! fa!r6 ,o ,god ! son1 ,r$eem] ( ! _w6 ,o ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 proce$+ f ! fa!r & ! son6 ,! bless+ ( ,god ,almighty1 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 be among y4 ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,god ! ,son1 ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 bless1 pres]ve1 & keep y4 ,glory be to ! fa!r1 & to ! son1 & to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,n[ to ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,god ! ,son1 & ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 be all honor & glory4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o ) !e & ! ,holy ,gho/1 live? & reigne? ev]1 "o ,god1 _w )\t end1 etc4 ,^! are ! t]ms & doxologies1 =ms ( pray] & bless+s4 ,c anyone conceive a m mean+less set ( phrases8 ,^! are automatically repeat$ ye> 9 & ye> out1 ) ! same intonation1 ge/ure1 :irl+ & buzz+ 9 a circle4 ,d n ! bra9s become blunt$1 ! s5ses dull$8 ,or is x a m]e me*anical ef=t1 accompani$ by an extraord9>y am\nt ( ins9c]ity & actual duplicity ( "*8 ,! conceit ( ^! !ological g5tlem51 claim+ div9e sup]iority1 is 9 consequ5ce ( ! frequ5t repetition ( ! above vapid nons5se1 t !y are ! truly *os5 & elect1 sep>ate & ap>t f o!r p4 ,?\gh !y accept & place tru/ 9 ! above cre$1 ,god1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 & delude !mselves ) pray]s1 bless+s1 psalm-s++1 & ! re/ ( sup]natural subt]fuge1 d !y believe t x w save !m--save _! bodies f dissolution1 :5 ! vital organs h ceas$ to p]=m _! functions8 ,^! fix$ delusions are n :olesome4 ,enc\rag+ !m is mislead+ & deceiv+ ^? :o are ignorant ( ! actual /ate ( nature4 ,x is play+ ^u ! weak & simple-m9d$4 ,x means corrupt+ _! morals & _! und]/&+4 ,x is p>alyz+ to e human ef=t4 ,x is degrad+ manhood & womanhood4 ,analyze ! mean+ ( ! belief1 ! language employ$1 ! associations ( ideas1 & s]i\sly consid] ! am\nt ( s5se y c discov]4 ,does n ?is rigid sy/em ( *angeless belief prev5t intellectual developm5t8 ,does x n b> prop] inquiry into ! ph5om5a ( nature8 ,does x n enc\rage a c[>dly dep5d5ce on prie/craft & hypocritical cunn+8 ,does x n ext+ui% e impulse t[>ds ! evolution ( ?\ght8 ,does x n /amp out ! en]gies & aspirations ( man & woman8 ,is n ! kneel+ & pray+ be=e "s daub ( a picture or ! figure ( "s suppos$ ,god or sa9t debas+ & degrad+ to ! individual8 ,is n ! act ( pray] a humiliat+ ackn[l$gem5t ei!r ( an enfeebl$ m9d or ( a contemptible slave8 ,is n ! w p[] subdu$ & det]iorat$ & ! natural en]gy de/roy$8 ,are n ! functions ( ! bra9 s]i\sly int]f]$ )1 ! m5tal faculties *eck$ 9 ! normal process ( developm5t1 & ! p[]s ( reason /ifl$ by ! asphyxiat+ influ5ces ( pray]8 ,does x n blunt ! s5se ( responsibility1 bre$ ins9c]ity1 fo/] falsehood1 promote ly+1 & (f] a premium = wrong-do+ & a %elt] = crime8 ,imag9e ! /upefy+ effect ( c\nt+ beads4 ,! ,ros>y is a s]ies ( pray]s1 & consi/s ( fifte5 decades4 ,ea* decade conta9s t5 ,ave ,m>ias1 m>k$ by small beads1 prec$$ by a pat] no/]1 m>k$ by a l>g] bead1 & conclud$ by a gloria patri4 ,five decades make a *aplet1 :i* is a ?ird ( a ros>y4 ,:at a slugg>diz+ effect on ! intellect1 :at a suppression ( intellig5ce1 & h[ ne> x br+s !m to ! bord]l& ( monomaniacs1 by ! con/ant mumbl+ ( ^? insipid compositions4 ,! soon] we get rid ( ! belief 9 ?is sup]natural int]v5tion 9 human affairs ! bett] = our physical1 moral1 & m5tal welf>e4 ,e "t ! prie/ induces 8 pupil to repeat a pray]1 he /upefies & degrades 8 pupil4 ,he knocks ! p9s ( self-re/ra9t & self-reliance "r f "u him4 ,! bless+ ! pupil receives1 & ! =giv5ess at ! confessional1 %ift ! responsibility = 8 acts (f 8 %\ld]s1 ?us lead+ him to believe himself irresponsible = any wrong he may commit4 ,! absurd doctr9e inculcat$1 t ,god made him necess>ily makes him irresponsible4 ,if ,god 0 a fool big en\gh to make him bad1 or silly1 :y %\ld he be responsible8 ,! prie/ :o helps to ma9ta9 & su/a9 ?is belief1 helps to weak5 ! pupil's m9d & r gives him lic5se to indulge ?an re/ra9s him4 ,y are taught to deceive y\rselves & deceive o!rs by pray]1 b y _c bribe nature2 y _c deceive nature4 ,! p5alty mu/ be paid = e transgression4 ,& pray]s are absolutely useless1 nay1 e pray] is an admission ( an act ( c[>dice1 j z e bless+ pron\nc$ is a humiliation to ^? receiv+ x4 ,:at necessity is !re = a man :o is suppos$ to tea* morality to be dress$ l a cl[n 9 sc>let1 purple1 or o!r-color$ coat & decorat$ ) an antiquat$ headge> l a m\ntebank go+ ?r\gh a s]ies ( peculi> ge/iculations & c]emonials ( buffoon]y1 9 ord] to su/a9 ?is ecclesia/ical humbug8 ,w\ld x n be bett] to tra9 ! intellect by tea*+ ! "y h[ to obs]ve accurately1 to reason s\ndly f facts1 to ?9k hone/ly & act s9c]ely1 h ! tru? reveal$ & nature & nature's laws s\ndly & practically int]pret$8 ,an insight into ! secret work+s ( nature w\ld lead to a m precise adju/m5t on ! "p ( man to 8 complex surr\nd+s1 gu>d cauti\sly aga9/ ! infr+em5t ( nature's laws1 & correspond+ly produce ga9 9 intellectual p[]4 ,h[ c a man be o!rwise ?an reckless1 or willfully disob$i5t1 to laws he is entirely ignorant (1 ?\gh he br+s c]ta9 puni%m5t ^u himself8 ,c !re be any bett] discipl9e ?an to le>n ! cause & "k ! root ( all evils1 9 ord] to avoid !m1 ?us improv+ ! morals & induc+ "o to take e>ne/ pa9s to d well 9 ! future8 ,!re is m satisfaction 9 do+ "r ?an _m may ?9k1 if p 7 in/ruct$ h[4 ,un=tunately1 ! ecclesia/ical mills ( =giv5ess are too busy tea*+ sup]natural follies1 :i* actually mislead ! ignorant & ! fooli%4 ,z a fooli% woman spoils h] own *ild by h] own silly conduct1 s ! sup]natural cre$s h spoilt humanity by p]v]t+ ! moral responsibility 9 tea*+ _! p]nici\s beliefs4 ,wond] :y ! _w has n become bett]8 ,tea* m5 ! moral & physical laws ( nature1 by lessons ( exp]i5ce1 t may guide !m 9 _! conduct ?r\gh life4 ,tea* !m to le>n prud5ce1 & obs]ve !m fai?fully & s9c]ely4 ,good1 natural1 heal?y ?\ghts produce good actions2 by _! frequ5t repetition1 g5]ate good habits ( do+ well1 ( do+ "r4 ,! n]v\s /ructures t are br\ght into play1 ! m5tal activities1 function ^! excell5ces1 develop+ ^! faculties1 g5]at+ high] moral feel+s4 ,we f9ally come to reg>d z do+ wrong act+ contr>y to our acquir$ habit4 ,good impulses to act "r & d well come out ( good feel+s4 ,to act o!rwise becomes repugnant to our acquir$ habits1 our second nature1 & is judg$ unwise by our reason & und]/&+4 ,let nature tea* y to be wise1 & :5 y und]/& ! natural y w cease to believe 9 aught sup]natural4 ,d n believe 9 a ,god--!re is no su* ?+4 ,d n believe 9 ! div9ity ( any man1 :e!r he be call$ ,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 or ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,d n believe t ! book call$ ! ,bible1 sacr$ scripture1 & ,te/am5ts1 new or old1 is sacr$1 holy1 or inspir$ by any sup]natural be+4 ,d n believe ! /ory ( ! creation z recit$ 9 ! five books ( ,moses--!y are n true4 ,x is a fiction1 a sort ( fairy tale4 ,x is ! "w ( ! imag9ation ( man4 ,d n believe 9 any miracle4 ,no man c p]=m a miracle1 except to ! ignorant & /upid4 ,no man 9 ! ,bible ev] p]=m$ a miracle4 ,^? said to h be5 p]=m$ 7 deceptions1 tricks1 & delusions4 ,d n believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re are no gho/s1 ei!r holy or unholy4 ,& above all1 d n give cr$5ce to t v silly piece ( nons5se1 t ! ,holy ,gho/ committ$ adult]y ) ,mrs4 ,m>y ,joseph1 ! reput$ "m ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,nor believe t ! "y man ,jesus 0 ! son ( ,god1 nor t he came ^u e>? to save ! _w f s9n+4 ,d n believe t !re are ?ree ,gods 9 "o1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/2 nor ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,god ! ,son1 or ,god ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is fallacy1 comp\nd$ ( ,hebraic !ology & ,grecian my?ology1 is an absurd fabrication--?is tr9ity 9 unity1 & unity 9 tr9ity4 ,d n believe 9 a heav51 nor 9 a hell4 ,y make y\r own heav51 & y\r own hell4 ,nor place any reliance on future rew>ds1 or future puni%m5ts4 ,y\r good conduct w br+ y\r rew>ds & y\r bad conduct y\r puni%m5ts4 ,d n believe 9 angels1 spirits1 or any sup]natural exi/5ces4 ,h no fai? 9 any?+ y d n und]/&4 ,place no reliance on div9e int]f]5ce4 ,d n foll[ bl9dly any ecclesia/ical tea*+s4 ,rely ^u y\rself4 ,let reason & common s5se be y\r guide4 ,d n pray--pray+ makes a c[>d ( y4 ,nor place confid5ce 9 ! bless+ ( any man1 be he ! pope or "s fanatical prea*]4 ,nev] kneel be=e any image1 :e!r x be ! nude figure ( ,*ri/1 or a daub pa9t+ ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,d n be ! dupe ( prie/ly cunn+4 ,d n be afraid ( any?+ except y\r own bad de$s1 y\r vici\s habits1 & y\r own transgressions4 ,,"s ,,rules ,,& ,,duties ,,9 ,,life4 ,heal? is ess5tial = physical & m5tal labor4 ,! ma9t5ance ( heal? consi/s 9 hav+ prop] food1 prop] clo?+1 & prop] %elt]4 ,"w is a duty1 nature dem&s x4 ,ex]cise t duty4 ,e>n s mu* z w provide ! necess>y com=ts 9 life4 ,indol5ce is a vice1 & laz9ess a crime4 ,!y are ( no good to _! practic]s1 & a curse to o!rs4 ,economy is a law ( nature4 ,save y\r surplus produce ( indu/ry4 ,x comes useful 9 "t ( ne$4 ,avoid excesses ( all k9ds4 ,d n ov]tax or ov]-/imulate ! organs ( ! body4 ,luxuries are injuri\s to heal?4 ,rememb] ! /oma* is only a receptacle = food & n a cesspool = all k9ds ( refuse4 ,cleanl9ess ( /oma* & body is necess>y = ! heal?y action bo? ( m9d & body4 ,a rigid adh]5ce to ! natural rules is ! sure/ safegu>d aga9/ disease4 ,make judici\s use ( ev]y?+4 ,abuse nei!r y\rself nor o!rs4 ,ea* individual is 8 own gu>dian ov] 8 own acts4 ,he himself is responsible = 8 own misde$s1 :e!r ?r\gh ignorance1 want ( prop] education or und]/&+1 or weakness4 ,our guide ?r\gh life %\ld be3 ,speak ! tru? always4 ,let yes & no be ! =m ( spee*4 ,e promise fulfill4 ,nev] deceive y\rself1 or deceive o!rs4 ,promise no?+ y _c p]=m4 ,hone/y is ennobl+1 di%one/y debas+4 ,let e ^w & act be /rictly reliable1 nev] wav] or fail 9 y\r integrity4 ,be punctili\s 9 y\r duties t[>ds o!rs4 ,d n *eat y\rself or y\r neighbors4 ,misrepres5tation is wrong4 ,h confid5ce 9 y\rself1 o!rs w h confid5ce 9 y4 ,d n sl&] o!rs1 le/ y d an injury1 do+ evil )\t b5efit to y\rself4 ,a sl&]] is despis$4 ,let y\r motives be pure1 y\r purpose upright4 ,be mild 9 spee*1 ev5 9 temp]4 ,k9d words are inexp5sive4 ,ang] & passion are brutal qualities1 be human4 ,d n get excit$ ov] trifles1 x does n prolong life4 ,if y\r habits are bad1 m5d !m4 ,good impulses come f good feel+s1 z bad impulses f bad feel+s4 ,our "* is mold$ by our habits1 z our habits are by our in/ruction4 ,by y\r conduct ga9 ! e/eem ( y\r fell[-m54 ,x is bett] to be lov$ ?an hat$4 ,injure no "o4 ,despise no "o4 ,be nei!r prejudic$ nor bigot$4 ,ga9 ! respect ( e man1 & respect ^? t des]ve to be respect$4 ,obey ! exi/+ laws4 ,le>n to dep5d on y\rself4 ,tru/ 9 y\r own judgm5t1 none w be s true to y z y\rself4 ,hope is delusive1 action is c]ta94 ,reveal n y\r own ?\ghts to o!rs le/ !y betray y4 ,confid5ce1 self-possession1 & pres5ce ( m9d gu>d aga9/ surprises4 ,d n m9d o!r p's bus9ess1 y may n f9d "t to m9d y\r own4 ,neglig5ce is a fault1 dilig5ce is a virtue4 ,frivolity is ! fro? ( life4 ,x has nei!r /r5g? nor sub/ance4 ,!re is m satisfaction 9 an ounce ( peace ?an 9 a ton ( wrangl+4 ,control y\r appetites1 subdue y\r passions1 if y w\ld be human4 ,rememb] !re is no heav5 beyond ?is life1 !re=e make y\r home & y\r life z beautiful z y c4 ,few wants well suppli$1 is bett] ?an _m wants unsatisfi$4 ,desire no?+ y _c obta91 x w save y annoyance4 ,d n assume to be :at y are n4 ,nature has m>k$ y4 ,d n be tempt$ by trifles1 life is too %ort & "t too preci\s4 ,pleasures are enjoyable :]e ! s5ses are n ov]/ra9$4 ,be n too pr\d1 nor too va91 no matt] h[ great y are2 man1 l ! animal1 is compos$ only ( eighte5 elem5ts4 ,ambition is laudable1 :5 o!rs are n made to suff]4 ,d n try to be great] ?an y are2 a gill w nev] fill a p9t4 ,ga9 und]/&+1 & let reason & common s5se guide y 9 all y\r acts4 ,look out4 ,save y\r honor1 y\r integrity1 & y\r "*4 ,our duty on e>? is to be good1 to d "r1 & contribute to ! bett]m5t ( our fell[-m54 ,! high] we rise 9 intellig5ce1 ! f>!r we are remov$ f ! brute4 ,free y\rself f all sup]natural notions1 all antiquat$ beliefs1 & all sup]/itions4 ,! humanization ( mank9d m>ks ! progress ( civilization4 ,! excitem5t ( pleasure is n la/+2 exhau/ion /ops all enjoym5t2 too mu* sun%9e is fatigu+2 too mu* laught] is try+4 ,empty /oma*s make a bad audi5ce1 hung] bre$s discont5t4 ,pov]ty is degrad+2 x ru9s heal?1 bre$s disease1 & l[]s ! morals4 ,neglect y\rself & ev]ybody w neglect y4 ,lo/ opportunities are seldom recov]$4 ,! high] y climb ! f>!r y are remov$ f ! l[] levels4 ,"o wrong act loses ! balance ( integrity1 our e/eem suff]s4 ,"o gra9 ( intellig5ce is wor? a p\nd ( brute =ce4 ,be prud5t1 discreet1 & delib]ate 9 all transactions 9 life1 b quick 9 decision4 ,di/ru/ p]suasive1 bl&1 smoo?1 suave talk]s4 ,a pi\s hypocrite is ! wor/ ( frauds4 ,y\r own faults are ! greate/ mis=tune4 ,a brave man is nev] disc\rag$1 & simpletons are ! prey = %>p]s4 ,don't be a c[>d 9 dang]1 or pray :5 disa/] ov]takes y4 ,self-abuse is ! wor/ abuse4 ,y\r exp5diture %\ld nev] exce$ y\r income4 ,aspire to be bett]1 n worse4 ,y _c get weal?y on no?+4 ,millionaire & begg> belong to ?is e>?1 :e!r liv+ or dead4 ,our success 9 life dep5ds on ! quality ( ,bra94 ,poli%$ /eel is ( great] value ?an common iron ore1 s are intellectual faculties ( great] wor? ?an uncultur$ bra9s4 ,! weak] mu/ yield to ! /rong]4 ,! friction ( life is great2 ! less ! resi/+ =ce1 ! soon] x yields4 ,9 ! /ruggle ! /ronge/ survive4 ,t5acity to life & t5acity to our possessions lead to success4 ,let ^? :o accumulate great weal? unju/ly1 yield x readily to ^? :o are mo/ 9 ne$4 ,a man c accumulate va/ ri*es only by ! indu/ry ( _m1 nev] by 8 own4 ,rememb] dead m5 enjoy no?+1 !re=e be wise1 be reasonable1 make y\r heav5 on e>?1 y\r p>adise ( y\r home4 ,be y\r own ,god1 y\r own ,savior1 y\r own prie/4 ,,notes #a ,explanation4--,! ,roman num]als plac$ opposite ! above li/ ( elem5t>y sub/ances pres5t ! diff]5ce or equival5t or saturat+ p[] ( ea* elem5t4 ,hydrog51 = example1 is a monad1 a simple p>ticle1 or atom1 or unit4 ,oxyg5 is a dyad1 repres5t$ by ,,ii1 two4 ,x requires two atoms ( hydrog5 to saturate "o ( oxyg51 or its equival5t1 to =m wat]4 ,a triad1 ,,iii1 requires ?ree monads2 a tetrad1 ,,iv1 f\r2 a p5tad1 ,v1 five2 a sexad1 ,,vi1 six units or monads1 _! respective equival5ts or saturat+ p[]4 ,a monad or monog5ic elem5t replaces ano!r "o by "o4 ,an atom ( a polyg5ic elem5t1 t is1 a dyad1 etc41 on ! o!r h&1 always takes ! place (1 or is equival5t to1 two or m atoms ( a monog5ic elem5t4 #b ,important4 #c ,exception4 #d ,ari/otle1 #cdc ,b4,c41 logician & philosoph]1 f\nd] ( ! ,p]ipatetics4 #e ,weights & measures 7 inv5t$ ab\t ?is p]iod4