,digital ,libr>y47                      
,,! ,,new ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory    ,) a  
,reply to "s ,rec5t ,criticisms ( ,!    
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory                       
,by                               ,h4   
,g4 ,,wells                             
,cassell & ,company1 ,ltd               
,london1 ,new ,york1 ,toronto &         
,melb\rne                               
#aiba                         ,copyright
 9 ,u4,s4,a4--,h4 ,g4 ,w4               
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,! ,new ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory     ,) a ,reply
 to "s ,rec5t ,criticisms ( ,! ,outl9e (
 ,hi/ory                                
#a                  ,,hi/orians ,,& ,,! 
,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory   ,= ! bett] "p (  
?ree ye>s ! writ] ( ^! notes has be5    
occupi$ almo/ entirely 9 an int5sely    
int]e/+ ent]prise4 ,he has be5 gett+ 8  
own ideas ab\t ! g5]al process ( hi/ory 
into ord] & he has be5 sett+ !m d[n1    
hav+ !m *eck$ by v>i\s p1 & publi%+ !m z
 a book1 ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory1 :i* bo? 9

 ,am]ica & ,europe has _h a consid]able 
vogue4 ,9 volumes or 9 complete sets (  
p>ts x has already f\nd ov] two hundr$  
?\s& pur*as]s2 x is /ill be+ b\ght 9    
consid]able quantities1 & x is be+      
translat$ & publi%$ 9 sev]al =eign      
languages2 x is q possible t x has      
suffici5tly int]e/$ almo/ z _m p to read
 x ?r\gh z x has f\nd pur*as]s to take !
 easi] /ep ( buy+ x4  ,?is ,outl9e (    
,hi/ory did n by any means conta9 all ! 
hi/ory ! writ] himself w\ld l to "k or  
ought to "k1 & mu* less did x pr(ess to 
cond5se all hi/ory = its read]s4 ,b x   
did attempt to sket* a framework1 :i* p 
might h 9 common1 & into :i* ev]yone    
might fit 8 own p>ticul> read+ &        
hi/orical int]e/s4 ,x did try to give   
all hi/ory z "o /ory4 ,& ! l>g5ess ( !  
measure ( its success is c]ta9ly mu* m  
due to ! widespread desire = su* an     
,outl9e ?an to any p>ticul> m]it ( !    
p>ticul> ,outl9e ! writ] produc$4 ,s f> 
z reception goes1 almo/ any ent]pris+   
p]son might h succe$$ z ! writ] has     

succe$$4 ,he 01 z p say1 8meet+ a       
long-felt want40 ,b 8 ye>s ( "w 9 meet+ 
x h necess>ily made him some?+ ( a      
speciali/ 9 hi/orical g5]alities1 & !   
adv5ture ( mak+ & spread+ ! ,outl9e     
abroad has be5 full ( int]e/+ &         
sugge/ive exp]i5ces4 ,"s ( ! criticism  
to :i* ! ,outl9e has be5 subject$ af=ds 
an opportunity = pr(itable comm5t4 ,to  
8answ]0 all its critics w\ld be a       
prepo/]\sly self-important ?+ to d1 b1 f
 ! po9t ( view ( our g5]al education1 "s
 ( !m d repay exam9ation4 ,& accord+ly  
he is sett+ d[n ^! pres5t notes to !    
,outl9e2 p>tly comm5ts ^u ! educational 
significance ( its g5]al reception &    
p>tly a consid]ation ( ! m5tal          
attitudes1 ! moral & intellectual pose1 
into :i* x has ?r[n c]ta9 ( its critics4
  ,a mo/ fruitful "q ! writ] f\nd 0 ?is3
 8,:y 0 x left = me 9 #aiah to und]take 
?is task80 ,!re has be5 a ne$ ( "s su*  
g5]al acc\nt ( man's /ory 9 ! univ]se = 
_m ye>s4 ,su* an acc\nt is surely a     
necess>y "p ( any prop]ly conceiv$      

education4 ,"o might almo/ say x 0 ! mo/
 necess>y "p4 ,= :y d we tea* hi/ory to 
our *ildr58 ,to take !m out ( !mselves1 
to place !m 9 a consci\s relation%ip to 
! :ole community 9 :i* !y live1 to make 
!m realise !mselves z actors & au?ors 9 
a great drama :i* began long be=e !y 7  
born & :i* op5s out to issues f>        
transc5d+ any p]sonal ends 9 _! int]e/ &
 importance4 ,& x is a commonplace to   
say t 9 ! la/ c5tury or s ! sph]e (     
human int]e/ has wid5$ out ) m>vell\s   
rapidity until x compreh5ds ! :ole _w4  
,economically1 intellectually1 & 9 _m   
o!r ways ! _w becomes "o community4 ,b1 
:ile !re has be5 ?is enorm\s enl>gem5t (
 human int]e/s1 !re has be51 if any?+1 a
 n>r[+ d[n ( ! scope ( hi/orical tea*+4 
,if ! read] w look into ! sort ( hi/ory 
t is taught 9 s*ools to-day & comp>e x )
 ! yell[ old books ( our great-gr&fa!rs1
 he w f9d r a %r9kage t[>ds ! int5sive  
/udy ( p>ticul> p]iods & phases ( hi/ory
 ?an an ext5sion to meet ! m ext5sive   
ne$s ( a new age4  ,?is is a curi\s     

result1 b x is n a v difficult "o to    
und]/&4 ,some?+ ( ! same sort ( n>r[+   
d[n f broad views to clos] & m detail$  
/udy w5t on = a "t also 9 ! tea*+ (     
sci5ce4 ,9 bo? cases ! n>r[+ d[n c be   
ascrib$ to ! same cause1 to ! gr[+      
accumulation1 ref9em5t & elaboration (  
detail$ k1 & to ! increas+ numb]s & !   
consequ5t increas$ division 9 lab\r &   
specialisation1 ( ! orig9al work]s 9 !  
two fields4 ,9 ! field ( physical sci5ce
 p>ticul>ly1 & also 9 ! field (         
biological sci5ce to a less] degree1 an 
ext5sive revision ( fundam5tal          
conceptions has l>gely correct$ ?is     
t5d5cy t[>ds n>r[ & specialis$ att5tion1
 b !re has n be5 ! same reca/+ (        
fundam5tals 9 hi/orical /udy4 ,& ! tea*+
 ( hi/ory 9 s*ools has foll[$ ! movem5t 
( ! /ud5t ( hi/ory t[>ds conc5tration & 
n ! ne$s ( ! common citiz5 t[>ds ampl]  
views1 because !re has nev] yet be5 a   
prop] recognition ( ! diff]5ce 9 aim    
betwe5 /udy = k1 ! hi/orical /udy ( !   
elect1 on ! "o h&1 & tea*+1 ! g5]al     

education ( ! citiz5 = ! good n only ( !
 citiz5 b ( ! community1 on ! o!r4 ,b ^!
 are div]g5t aims4 ,! =m] is a deep &   
p5etrat+ pursuit ( tru?2 ! latt] a      
common in/ruction & discipl9e 9 broad   
ideas & ! g5]al purpose4 ,! mat]ial may 
be ! same1 ! sci5ce ( physics1 biology  
or hi/ory z ! case may be1 b ! me?od (  
treatm5t may be widely diff]5t 9 ! two  
cases4  ,education is really "o ( !     
newe/ ( ! arts & sci5ces4 ,! idea (     
p>ticul>1 exceptional p pursu+ le>n+ has
 be5 famili> to ! _w = scores (         
c5turies1 b ! idea ( prep>+ ! m9ds (    
:ole classes or :ole communities =      
co-op]ations & common actions by a tra9+
 9 common ideas is comp>atively a new   
"o4 ,! idea ( education z le>n+ /ill    
dom9ates u1 & s x is t :ile we h numb]s 
( tea*]s ( hi/ory :o are or :o attempt  
to be1 or :o pose z hi/orians :o tea*1  
we h comp>atively few tea*]s ( hi/ory :o
 are tea*]s ^: in/rum5t is hi/ory4 ,9   
relation to ! sci5ce ( hi/ory1 & inde$  
to all ! sci5ces1 ! importance ( tea*] z

 tea*] is /ill insuffici5tly recognis$4 
,n[ ! virtues requir$ ( ! hi/orian z ( !
 speciali/ 9 any o!r sci5ce are extreme 
accuracy1 fulness1 delicacy &           
discrim9ation )9 ! dep>tm5t ( 8 "w4 ,he 
is usually n conc]n$ ) a philosophical  
review ( ! :ole field ( 8 sci5ce & v *>y
 ( invad+ any unfamili> prov9ces ( 8    
subject1 because ( ! great risks he w   
run !re ( mak+1 if n positive blund]s1  
at lea/ incomplete /atem5ts4 ,!         
speciali/s w cat* him out1 & ?\gh ! po9t
 may be an utt]ly trivial "o1 he w h be5
 caught out1 & t discr$its ! hi/orian   
excessively4 ,b ! tea*]'s conc]n is     
prim>ily ) ! taught & ) giv+ !m a view (
 _! univ]se z a :ole4 ,x is only aft]   
und]go+ su* compreh5sive tea*+ t a /ud5t
 %\ld be h&$ ov] to le>n1 by example &  
p>ticipation 9 "s def9ite specialisation
 ( /udy1 ! f9] precisions4  ,! mod]n    
community has yet to develop a type (   
tea*] ) ! fre$om & leisure to make a    
?or\gh & cont9u\s /udy ( contempor>y    
hi/orical & o!r sci5tific k 9 ord] to   

use ^! accumulations to ! be/ effect 9  
g5]al education4 ,because ?is is "w =   
tea*]s & n = hi/orians4 ,! insuffici5t  
numb] ( tea*]s we ma9ta9 are kept       
closely to ! gr9d/one ( actual          
lesson-giv+4 ,p]haps a "t w come :51 ov]
 & above ! pr(essors & tea*]s actively 9
 contact ) pupils & classes1 !re w be a 
consid]able organisation ( educationi/s 
^: "w w be ?is int]m$iate selection &   
prep>ation ( k = educational purposes4  
,b 9 ,brita9 at any rate !re are no     
signs ( any developm5t ( ?is broad]1 m  
philosophical grade ( tea*]4 ,! ,briti% 
univ]sities h no philosophy ( education 
& h>dly any idea ( an educational duty  
to ! community z a :ole4 ,at !          
,re=mation !y became1 & !y h rema9$ to  
?is day1 meanly & timidly ari/ocratic 9 
_s4 ,! typical ,briti% univ]sity don has
 little ( ! _s t w\ld tol]ate & help ^! 
ma/] tea*]s we ne$4 ,he w\ld n suff] !m2
 he w\ld be jeal\s ( !m & spiteful t[>ds
 !m4 ,su* ma/] tea*]s may be appe>+ 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica or 9 "s =eign   

c\ntry2 9 ,am]ica1 = example1 su* tea*]s
 ( hi/ory z ,pr(essors ,brea/$1 ,john   
,h>vey ,rob9son & ,hutton ,web/] seem to
 be do+ int]pretative "w 9 hi/ory ( a v 
orig9al & useful type4 ,giv5 a class (  
su* educational s*ol>s able to su/a9 an 
intellig5t criticism & to co-op]ate     
g5]\sly & intellig5tly1 "o c imag9e !   
k9d ( ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory t w\ld be       
possible1 simple1 cle>1 accurate1 )\t   
fussy p$antries & beautifully           
proportion$ & "r4 ,b t class does n     
exi/1 & t p]fect ,outl9e is at pres5t   
impossible4 ,s f> f sne]+ at ! writ]'s  
brief ye> or s ( special read+ & at su* 
sup]ficialities & inadequacies z ,!     
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory may betray 7& does    
betray71 x w\ld r become ! tea*] (      
hi/ory to realise h[ mu* bett] x is ?an 
any?+ ! tea*+ organisation ( :i* he is a
 "p des]v$4 ,x is n t ! writ] has /epp$ 
into ! field ( popul> hi/ory tea*+ &    
done some?+ imp]t95tly & r\ghly t w\ld  
o!rwise h be5 done well4 ,x is t he has 
/epp$ 9 & done some?+ urg5tly necess>y t

 w\ld n o!rwise h be5 done at all4  ,!  
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory takes ! =m ( a /ory ( 
mank9d = popul> read+4 ,b t is only its 
fir/ =m4 ,x is int5d$ to be ! basis1 x  
is pres5t$ z a s*eme1 ( elem5t>y        
hi/orical tea*+ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x 0      
writt5 to help ou/ su* tea*+ ( hi/ory z 
"o /ill f9ds go+ on 9 ,engl&--( ! hi/ory
 ( ,engl& f #ajff to ! dea? ( ,que5     
,anne1 = example1 )\t ref]5ce to any    
remot] pa/ or to ! pres5t or to any     
ext]ior _w--= ev] f ! s*ools4 ,! ,outl9e
 ( ,hi/ory may pres5tly be sup]s$$ 9 t  
"w ( replacem5t by "s bett] ,outl9e4 ,b 
! writ] has tak5 no risks 9 t matt]2 if 
no o!r & bett] ,outl9e appe>s1 8 ,outl9e
 w g on be+ revis$ & repoli%$ &         
republi%$4 ,its critics may re/ assur$ t
 no?+ b a bett] ,outl9e w put an end to 
its c>e]4 ,he has writt5 & issu$ x 9 su*
 a fa%ion t x c b5efit by e critical    
comm5t4 ,x 0 fir/ issu$ 9 mon?ly p>ts ^:
 cov]s1 err+ at times 9 ! direction ( ! 
gorge\s1 bright5$ ! book/alls = a ye>4  
,^! p>ts 7 closely scrut9is$ by num]\s  

read]s1 & a consid]able am\nt ( detail 0
 am5d$ & improv$ by _! sugge/ions4 ,!n x
 0 completely reset & issu$ 9 book =m1 &
 9 t =m x has be5 v ext5sively review$4 
,! writ] keeps files ( all ! criticisms 
& sugge/ions receiv$1 & ! text ( ! book 
is p]iodically *eck$ & modifi$ 9        
accordance ) ^! comm5ts4 ,9 ?ree or f\r 
ye>s' "t x w be possible to make a fre% 
issue 9 p>ts1 & ?is aga9 w be foll[$ up 
by :at w be a real f\r? edition4 ,by t  
"t ! am\nt ( slips & errors w probably  
be r$uc$ to v slight proportions inde$4 
,on ! :ole ! ,outl9e1 z an ,outl9e1 has 
/ood ! fire ( criticism & ! sil5t       
judgm5ts ( reconsid]ation v well4 ,9 !  
next edition x w be /ill ess5tially !   
same ,outl9e4 ,naturally1 9 a copi\s "w 
( ?is k9d1 !re are _m phrases1 loose or 
weak or indiscreet or unju/1 t j> on !  
writ] z he re-reads :at he has writt51 &
 :i* ne$ to be prun$ & alt]$4 ,c]ta9    
clums9ess ( con/ruction w be correct$2 !
 acc\nt ( ! ,aryan-speak+ peoples comes 
too e>ly 9 ! pres5t edition = p]fect    

lucidity & x w be mov$ to a lat] *apt]1 
& ! acc\nt ( ! rise ( ! ,dut* ,republic 
w be put 9 its prop] *ronological ord]  
be=e ! acc\nt ( ! ,engli% commonweal4 ,!
 *apt] ^u ! *anges 9 ! e>?'s climate    
seems to be a little heavy = _m read]s &
 may p]haps be tak5 out1 & ! "w t is n[ 
be+ done by ,riv]s1 ,elliot ,smi? & _!  
associates ^u ! op5+ cultural phases f  
:i* ! fir/ civilisations arose & !      
application ( ! results ( psy*o-analysis
 to human hi/ory1 may soon make x       
possible to rewrite ! acc\nt ( ! /one   
ages 9 a mu* full] & cle>]1 m assur$ &  
less speculative fa%ion4 ,9 "o or two   
places a prolif]ation ( controv]sial    
footnotes has l$ to a di/ortion t calls 
= r$uction2 ! dispute ab\t ! education (
 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 = example4 ,p]haps1    
too1 ! next ye> or s may supply mat]ial 
t w qualify ! acc\nt ( ! negotiations & 
tempor>y settlem5ts ( ! p]iod ( ! ,p>is 
,conf]5ce4 ,^! are ! *ief *anges        
probable2 ! l>g] "p ( ! ,outl9e1 its ma9
 masses & dom9ant l9es1 w /& j z x did 9

 ! fir/ publi%$ p>ts4  ,h>dly any       
critics ( ! ,outl9e h object$ to ! idea 
( deal+ ) hi/ory z "o :ole1 or *all5g$ !
 possibility ( tea*+ hi/ory 9 s         
compreh5sive a fa%ion4 ,t is all to !   
good4 ,x 0 only to be expect$ t _m      
review]s w\ld sne] a little at ! idea ( 
noveli/ turn$ hi/orian1 talk (          
sup]ficiality & h9t at inaccuracies &   
errors !y _h nei!r ! indu/ry nor !      
ability to detect4 ,!y w\ld h done t if 
! ,outl9e _h be5 absolutely faultless4  
,z a matt] ( fact1 & ?anks v l>gely to !
 ke5 editorial eye ( ,mr4 ,erne/        
,b>k]--= ! writ] himself is sometimes a 
v c>eless writ]--! numb] ( positive     
inaccuracies & errors t appe>$ ev5 9 !  
e>lie/ issue ( ! ,outl9e 0 v small2 mo/ 
( !m 7 set "r 9 a li/ ( errata at ! end 
( t edition1 & !re 0 ano!r /ill clos]   
prun+ be=e ! publication ( ! second1 !  
book edition4 ,b among ! cultivat$      
g5tlem5 :o 8d0 ! book notices 9 !       
prov9cial ,press m p>ticul>ly1 !re 0 a  
disposition to qualify _! approval by a 

condesc5d+ ref]5ce to slips & mi/akes   
:i* !y imag9$ mu/ be !re4 ,)9 ! limit   
set by ! law ( libel "o c h no objection
 to ?is sort ( ?+1 :i* gives a tone (   
leisur$ k to ! mo/ ha/ily writt5 review4
  ,two or ?ree critics w repay a r full]
 att5tion4 ,"o ( ^! is ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4     
,gomme1 :o tea*es ,greek 9 ! ,univ]sity 
( ,glasg[4 ,he has publi%$ a little     
pamphlet call$ ,mr4 ,wells z            
,hi/orian1#a & 9 ?is a consid]able am\nt
 ( ! ho/ility aga9/ ! ,outl9e1 t c]ta9ly
 sm\ld]s & mutt]s among classical tea*]s
 9 our s*ools1 comes into ! light & is  
available = exam9ation4 ,!n ,mr4 ,belloc
 & ,dr4 ,d[ney1 ! latt] 9 a pamphlet    
call$ ,"s ,errors ( ,mr4 ,wells1 develop
 a case aga9/ ! ,outl9e f ! ,roman      
,ca?olic po9t ( view4 ,t1 too1 calls =  
s]i\s consid]ation4 ,b ) ! ,iri% critics
 :o compla9 t ,irel& is n repres5t$ z a 
dom9ant =ce 9 ! ,european civilisation (
 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages1 & ! ,m>xi/s :o h 
detect$ h]etical div]g5cies f ! tea*+s (
 ,m>x 7,engels7 ! ,fir/ & ! ,la/ & !    

,only1 ! ,wisdom ( ! ,ages & ! ,s\rce ( 
all ,light1 ,i _c deal n[4 ,! national  
consci\sness ( ,irel& is too tragically 
inflam$ to tol]ate any draw+ ( ,iri%    
hi/ory to ! scale ( ! _w's affairs1 a   
scale :i* makes x a m]e po9t (          
irritation 9 ! hide ( ! pres5t ,briti%  
,empire1 itself ! mu%room gr[? *iefly ( 
! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,"s s5t5ces & phrases
 9 ! ,outl9e1 col\r$ by ! writ]'s int5se
 dislike = ! extreme nationalism ( ,s9n 
,fe91 are unju/ to ,irel& & w ne$       
modification4 ,b ! ,m>xi/1 l ! ,moslem1 
makes 8 prophet ! crit]ion n only ( tru?
 b ( moral int5tion4 ,!re is no         
compromise possible ) him4  ,footnote   
#a3    ,mr4 ,wells z ,hi/orian4 ,by ,a4 
,w4 ,gomme4 ,glasg[3 ,mac,lehose1       
,jackson    ,co4 #aiba4  ,! small am\nt 
( space giv5 to ,abraham ,l9coln & to   
,mazz9i & "o or two o!r su* figures has 
also be5 a matt] = criticism4 ,:5 ! "t  
comes to revise ! text ,i ?9k t         
criticism w h to be consid]$4 ,mazz9i is
 probably a bett] figure ?an ,glad/one z

 a c5tre = ! discussion ( ,nationalism 9
 mod]n ,europe--if inde$ t is to be     
discuss$ ab\t any p>ticul> figure4 ,x is
 also a valid criticism f a ,*9ese read]
 t ! hi/ory ( ,*9a is f> too brief 9    
comp>ison ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,we/]n _w4 ,!  
,outl9e conta9s no acc\nt ( its         
philosophies & little ( ! /ruggle betwe5
 ! m nomadic nor? & ! m agricultural s\?
 :i* runs s p>allel ) ! ,european &     
,we/]n ,asiatic /ory4 ,b1 brief z !     
space devot$ to ,*9a 9 ! ,outl9e is1 x  
is bett] ?an no?+1 & ,i h giv5 z mu* z  
ei!r ! exi/+ analysis ( ,*9ese hi/ory   
available = an ,engli% writ] p]mits or !
 prepossessions ( ,we/]n read]s w all[4 
,! ,we/ is le>n+ ) extreme reluctance ! 
%>e ( ,*9a 9 human hi/ory4              
#b                     ,a ,,voice ,,f   
,,! ,,classical ,,side   ,! feud :i*    
f9ds expression 9 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,gomme's 
pamphlet is "o ( mu* old] orig9 ?an !   
publication ( ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory4 ,mr4
 ,gomme is a tea*] ( ! ,greek language1 
& x is ?irty ye>s & m s9ce ,i fir/      

attack$ ! impo/ure ( ! ,greek tea*+ 9   
our public s*ools4 ,long be=e ,i sank   
bel[ ! possibility ( s]i\s consid]ation 
by my fell[-c\ntrym5 by becom+ a        
noveli/1 ,i 0 a writ] ^u education2 & _m
 ( ! novels ,i h writt51 s9ce1 l mo/    
novels f ! ,book ( ,tobit onw>d1 !y tell
 ! /ory ( y\? go+ out into ! _w1 h      
reflect$ /rongly on education4 ,!       
8classical0 ma/]1 :o uses up ! "t ( our 
boys 9 8 devi\s & wond]ful ex]cises1 is 
g5]ally a v poor ,grecian himself1 & he 
r>ely produces a work+ k ( ,greek 9 8   
victims4 ,he uses up "t1 space & end[m5t
 9 8 futilities1 & s he /&s 9 ! way ( a 
prop] developm5t ( l[] =m "w lead+ up to
 ! ,mod]n ,side4 ,! classical int]e/s   
are /ill v /rong 9 ! ,univ]sities1 !y   
are a b> to ! prop] education ( !       
,briti% ,civil ,s]vice & s a _w-wide    
nuisance1 & z a patriot1 a p>5t & a     
s*oolma/] ,i h rag$ aga9/ !m4 ,x 0 almo/
 m ?an ,i c\ld h hop$ =1 9 t long-/&+   
qu>rel1 t ,mr4 ,gomme %\ld h done up 8  
extraord9>y ideas & limitations into !  

neat packet ( ?is pamphlet & s plac$    
himself1 a sample ( ! s*ola/ic classic1 
9 my h&s4  ,b he has done x1 & "h he is1
 & we c see = ourselves h[ ! classical  
side c criticise a book & :at x ?9ks ( !
 tea*+ ( hi/ory4  ,& fir/ we may note h[
 swift & supple is ! m9d t has ,greek   
gramm> = its su/5ance4 ,x is n necess>y 
= a classical s*ol> to read ei!r !      
beg9n+ or ! end ( ! "w ) :i* he deals4  
,x is n necess>y to compreh5d its aim & 
scope4 ,he j takes up ! "p deal+ ) 8    
classical k--:i* is inde$ ! only k t    
matt]s--& looks = mi/akes or1 :at are   
really worse ?an mi/akes1 ?+s he does n 
und]/& & op9ions he does n %>e4 ,& !n he
 writes 8,inde$60 or repeats a s5t5ce ) 
a note ( int]rogation & a gr& air (     
refutation4 ,if ,mr4 ,gomme has look$ at
 all at ! end ( ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory x  
01 ,i believe1 to consult ! li/ ( errata
 & make sure t no?+ 9 ! way ( a         
misspell+1 a wrong date or misplac$     
title _h be5 ov]look$4 ,because he gives
 no qu>t] 9 t respect4 ,he is det]m9$ to

 make ! wor/ ( ?+s4 ,he has j nos$ ?r\gh
 ! few p>ts t matt] to him1 he has scor$
 x heavily ) p5cil2 "o c almo/ see 8    
notes ( exclamation1 8 8,no60 8 8,did he
 n80 9 ! m>g91 & !n he has writt5 up ^! 
m>g9al comm5ts & ru%$ into pr9t ) !m4 ,8
 aim 0 to accumulate z mu* app>5t error 
z he c\ld to discr$it ,! ,outl9e (      
,hi/ory1 & he has indu/ri\sly done 8    
be/4  ,?is close-read+ me?od ( ,mr4     
,gomme has made him1 ,i hope1 "o ( ! mo/
 untea*able read]s t ! ,outl9e has _h4  
,i _c compla9 ( 8 failure to grasp !    
importance ( pr9t to ! human m9d & its  
be>+ ^u ! political future ( our race1  
nor ( 8 fooli% footnote on t matt] 7p4  
#he71 because ^! are novel ideas = 8    
type & 8 type is incapable ( novel      
ideas2 nor w ,i compla9 ( ! inv9cible   
ignorance ( e?nology he has pres]v$1 9  
spite ( ! cle> & simple *apt] ,i h giv51
 b ,i d f9d x disappo9t+ t he %\ld      
repeat ! vulg> error t ! ,roman ,empire 
at ! height ( its p[] 8unit$ mo/ ( !    
kn[n _w40 ,i h be5 at p>ticul> pa9s 9 ! 

,outl9e to dispel ?is prepo/]\s idea1 s 
mislead+ & n[ s dang]\s to ,europeans4  
,i h n m]ely /at$ ! facts1 b giv5 a     
special map :i* ,i _h imag9$ w\ld br+   
home to ! weake/ intellig5ce ! fact t1  
contempor>y ) ?is ,roman ,empire1 !re 0 
9 ,asia an ,empire great] 9 ext5t1 bett]
 organis$ 7z its drive aga9/ ! ,huns    
%[s71 & 9 v _m respects m civilis$4 ,b  
manife/ly ,i _h n reckon$ ) ,mr4 ,gomme4
 ,he took up ! ,outl9e n to le>n1 b to  
c>p2 & he has le>nt no?+4  ,9 ord] to   
get toge!r ?is little heap ( 8--& ) all 
8 indu/ry x is n a v cru%+ heap--(      
mi/akes & pseudo-mi/akes1 ,mr4 ,gomme   
has resort$ to ! odde/ exp$i5ts4 ,he    
pret5ds to be unaw>e t !re has be5 any  
revision :atev] ( ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory4 
,he has tak5 ! fir/ unrevis$ "p issue z 
if x 7 ! late/ text1 & he has avoid$ any
 comp>ison ) ! lat] book edition4 ,?is  
may be m]e laz9ess or ! m5tal slov5l9ess
 t makes "o edition seem z good z ano!r 
to an ill-tra9$ m9d4 ,b x does enable   
,mr4 ,gomme to swell out 8 li/ ( *>ges )

 p]haps a doz5 little ?+s t /& correct$ 
9 ! curr5t edition4 ,&1 9 addition1 x   
gives him ! extra illu/rations ) :i* !  
"p issue 0 adorn$ by ! publi%]4 ,he is  
ei!r s ignorant z to ?9k1 or s w>p$ by !
 _s ( controv]sy z to pret5d to ?9k1 t  
,i am responsible = ^! extra            
illu/rations1 t ,i h *os5 !m myself &   
writt5 ! inscriptions und]nea? !m4 ,) ^!
 extra illu/rations1 & v good           
illu/rations !y are = ! mo/ "p ?\gh !y h
 no place 9 ! def9ite edition n[ be=e ! 
public1 & ) ! occasionally r gaudy cov]s
 ,messrs4 ,newnes us$1 he makes great   
play 9 8 e>ne/ endeav\r to pile up a    
case = inaccuracy aga9/ me4 ,:y he does 
n g on to suppose ,i wrote !            
adv]tisem5ts ( infant foods & condim5ts 
t bright5$ ! cov]-backs & treat ^! too z
 an integral "p ( ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory &
 comm5t on ! gross mat]ialism t inspir$ 
!m1 ,i am at a loss to imag9e4 ,i mu/   
suppose t ,god has set limits ev5 to !  
m5tal possibilities ( ,mr4 ,gomme4 ,or  
possibly ,mr4 ,gomme ov]look$ ?is       

controv]sial opportunity4  ,!re is a    
quality 9 ,mr4 ,gomme's mann] ( attack  
on ^! extra illu/rations t makes me feel
 a curi\s sympa?y ) ! bright] memb]s ( 8
 ,greek classes at ,glasg[4 8,"s ( !    
illu/rations are que]ly *os510 he       
rem>ks4 ,he notes my comm5t ins]t$ at ! 
elev5? h\r on "o unavoidable picture4   
8,?is is a photograph ( a model         
re/oration ( ,solomon's temple4 ,x is a 
v exagg]at$ & glorifi$ re/oration4 ,!   
only ju/ifiable ?+ 9 x is ! c5tral      
temple4 ,all ! spl5did gall]ies r\nd x  
are imag9>y4 ,! true walls 7 probably   
r\gh pil$ /one40 ,he c quote ?is & nev] 
recognise ! tale x tells s pla9ly4 8,!n 
:y10 he asks ) real or affect$          
imbecility1 8does he give x80 ,to :i* ,i
 suppose ! only possible answ] is to    
say1 ) a dreadful calm1 8,i didn't give 
x40  ,"o illu/ration aft] ano!r is      
assail$ 9 mu* ! same mann]1 ) ! same    
d5se disreg>d ( ! manife/ facts ( !     
case4 ,i am ev5 blam$ because an        
e>?quake has damag$ "o ( ! temples %[n1 

& to cr[n all1 ! leg5d put to "o ( !    
col\r$ plates by "o ( ,messrs4 ,newnes' 
/aff is quot$ z a sample ( ! 8affect$   
simplicity0 ( my /yle4  ,9 addition to !
 *>ges ( ignorance & s =? :i* ,mr4      
,gomme has bas$ on my li/ ( errata1 & on
 8 pret5ce t ,i *ose1 design$ & arrang$ 
! extra illu/rations ins]t$ by ,messrs4 
,newnes 9 _! "p issue1 ,mr4 ,gomme has  
got toge!r a ?ird set ( objections by   
misund]/&+ ! ,engli% language4 ,"h1 =   
in/ance--,i put x 9 ,italics--is an     
almo/ incr$ible comm5t4 ,sometimes1 he  
says1 my 8reason+ is m]ely comic4       
#8,f9ally ,alex&] set aside t5 ?\s&     
tal5ts 7a tal5t  #bdj7 = a tomb4 ,9 ^?  
days ?is 0 an enorm\s sum4' ,z if x 7 n[
 a common cu/om1 a v usual ?+1 to sp5d  
two & a half million p\nds on ! int]m5t 
( a fri5d40 ,y see ,mr4 ,gomme has      
contriv$ to ?9k t ! words ( m9e he      
quotes are "s sort ( 8reason+0 & t !    
words 8= a fun]al0 foll[ 8enorm\s sum40 
,b !y don't4 ,?is is b "o in/ance ( a   
numb] ( equally po9tless comm5ts ) :i*  

,mr4 ,gomme swells ! heap ( 8           
8corrections40  ,aft] ^! ?ree sorts (   
objection h be5 clean$ up--t is to say1 
! errata already put "r 9 ! book        
edition1 ! m9or flaws ( ! disc>d$       
,newnes illu/rations--& all ?+s consid]$
 ! ,newnes extra illu/rations 7 v well  
done--& petty quibbles l ! "o ,i h j    
quot$1 v little rema9s ( ! li/ ( errors 
,mr4 ,gomme s valiantly pret5ds to      
detect1 a li/ "s fri5d ( 8 writ+ 9 ,!   
,ab]de5 ,j\rnal1 ! sort ( fri5d :o gets 
a newspap] into tr\ble1 describes z     
8,hundr$s ( mi/akes40 ,mr4 ,gomme       
scores1 ,i w admit1 ^u two po9ts :i*    
%all be set "r 9 ! next edition2 "o is t
 by c>elessness ( phras+ ,i seem to lay 
too mu* /ress ^u ! importance & size (  
,a!ns 9 my ,greek *apt]--,i d n note !  
scale ( su* cities z ,cor9? & ,syracuse1
 nor d prop] ju/ice to ! philosophical &
 arti/ic contributions ( ,magna ,graecia
 & ! ,greek cities ( ,asia to ! ,greek  
ensemble2 x is really little m ?an a    
laxity ( word+2 & ! o!r is t !re is an  

inaccurate hi/orical g5]alisation ab\t !
 opposite %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean ins]t$ 
9 ! op5+ ( ! acc\nt ( ! ,punic w>s4 ,t  
g5]alisation ,i did n make2 x 0 writt5  
^u my galley pro(s by a fri5d1 & ,i let 
x pass2 ,i did n prop]ly exam9e its     
implications4 ,!re1 at any rate1 ,i     
pr(it by ,mr4 ,gomme4 ,! re/ ( 8        
criticisms consi/ *iefly ( a /r+ (      
rem>ks r\nd & ab\t ,hom]1 a display (   
ignorance ab\t e?nology1 ) bo? ( :i*    
issues ,i w deal 9 ord] imm$iately1 & a 
discussion ( ! mean+ ( democracy :i* is 
s entirely incoh]5t t no human be+ c\ld 
deal ) x anyh[4 ,f9ally1 ab&on+ 8       
critical ef=ts altoge!r1 ,mr4 ,gomme    
gives u a new !ory ( ! orig9 (          
,*ri/ianity z a purely ,european        
religion1 & concludes ) 8 own v]sion (  
hi/ory 9 a passage ( great di/9ction4   
,incid5tally1 z ! end draws on & 8      
+lori\s pile ( %am errors & fak$-up     
accusations m\nts1 8 c\rage gr[s ) x &  
he beg9s to scold4 ,he he>t5s himself ) 
8 scold+1 & scolds m boldly until he    

gets to 8ignorance10 8vague &           
unsci5tific10 8by nature unfitt$ = an   
appreciation ( ,greece10 8no enquiry10  
8no judgm5t10 8c>eless ( ! tru?10 8bl9d 
to important ?+s & ready ) !            
irrelevant10 & s on & s on1 & :at1 com+ 
f him1 is really a great l>k1 he laun*es
 out at la/ into a disquisition on /yle4
 ,i use a brok5 =m ( s5t5ce ) f\r full  
/ops :5 x is unnecess>y to r\nd (f a    
/atem5t1 & ?is x seems is 8n 9          
,ari/otle40 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ,engli%1 &  
,i h help$ to put x !re4 ,b we w leave t
 "q ( /yle to ! end4  ,^u ! matt] (     
,hom] ,mr4 ,gomme is v /rong4 ,8 rem>ks 
aim n only at myself1 b ov] & beyond me 
at my fri5d ,pr(essor ,gilb]t ,murray4  
,!re seems to be "s ho/ility1 ( :i* ,i  
"k no?+1 betwe5 ,greek tea*]s & ,greek  
s*ol>s4 ,i %\ld imag9e t 9 ! happy      
little circle at ,glasg[ :i* is be+ l$  
up to ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful & ! ,good1  
?r\gh ! ,greek accid5ce & syntax1 by    
,mr4 ,gomme1 ,pr(essor ,gilb]t ,murray  
comes 9 at times = "s vigor\s treatm5t4 

,unless1 inde$1 ,i h ou/$ him z ! /ock  
victim1 n[ t ,mr4 ,gomme has to tell 8  
tale ( ! m>vell\s heap ( errors he f\nd 
9 ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory & h[ he up & slew
 t book4 ,i foll[ ,pr(essor ,murray 9   
disbeliev+ t ,hom] 0 "o s+le individual4
 ,b ,mr4 ,gomme kn[s t he 0 "o--to use 8
 own cle>-cut ,greek phrase--8immortal  
b>d40 ,he does n say h[ x is t he kn[s  
?is4 ,he j kn[s x1 he proclaims x1 & !  
opposite view is 8nons5se40 ,b if he 7  
capable ( und]/&+ imag9ative quality &  
diff]5ces 9 inv5tive me?od & arti/ic    
con/ruction1 he w\ld h "s glimm]+ ( !   
reason :y m5 ( "s creative exp]i5ce d5y 
! common au?or%ip ( ! two ,greek epics  
ascrib$ to ,hom]4 7,( c\rse1 ,mr4 ,gomme
 falls f\l ( an illu/ration 9 ! ,newnes 
edition ( ! head ( ,hom] at ?is po9t1 & 
drags ! ?+ into ! discussion4 ,if !re 0 
no ,hom]1 :y did ,i give a portrait (   
,hom]8 ,exactly4 ,:y did ,i87 ,! ,iliad1
 ,i said1 0 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & in=m+ (
 ! prehi/oric compositions ( ! ,aryans4 
,mr4 ,gomme ?r[s a k9d ( fit at ?is4 ,he

 %rieks into ,italics4 ,"o (1 int]e/+1  
in=m+1 prehi/oric1 composition1 ,aryan6 
,to :i* ,i c only reply1 sl[ly &        
solemnly1 8,exactly--"o                 
(--int]e/+--in=m+--prehi/oric--compositi
on--,aryan40 ,mr4 ,gomme does n         
elucidate 8 ,italics4 ,?is is almo/ z   
good controv]sy z mak+ faces4 ,also ?is 
cry is wrung f him4 8,x w\ld be int]e/+ 
to see ! answ] ( a man :o knew no?+ (   
,greece b :at he _h le>nt f ?is ,outl9e 
to ! "q ( #8,:at d y "k ( ,hom]8'0 8,no 
su* p]son10 ,i suppose1 or 8ano!r b>d ( 
! same "n10 or "s su* compact reply4 ,x 
w\ld be /ill m int]e/+ to h ,mr4 ,gomme 
reply+ to ! same "q4 ,! ,outl9e is      
writt5 n[1 b ,mr4 ,gomme might yet      
di/+ui% himself by a popul> ,life (     
,hom] ) *apt]s on 8 e>ly life1 8 dome/ic
 tr\bles1 8 diet>y1 8 dogs & s =?1 & (  
c\rse ) model exam9ation que/ions &     
answ]s at ! end4  ,mr4 ,gomme makes mu* 
play ) 8 rem>kably complete ignorance ( 
e?nology4 ,x is really too mu* t ,i %\ld
 be 8slat$0 = any?+ 9 my ,outl9e t ,mr4 

,gomme does n "k or und]/&4 ,judgm5t by 
,mr4 ,gomme's default w\ld g aga9/ me on
 a ?\s& issues4 ,he muddles up 8,aryan10
 :i* is ! "n ( a language gr\p1 )       
8,m$it]ranean race10 :i* is ! "n ( a    
racial gr\p1 & gets into a f9e muddle ) 
! ^w 8,nordic40 ,& ! deep] he gets into 
! muddle ! cross] he gets ) me4 8,?is   
ugly ^w does n seem to mean any?+ o!r   
?an #8,nor!rn'0 he writes2 b1 ( c\rse1  
if x did n1 z any und]graduate 9 sci5ce 
at ,glasg[ w\ld expla9 to him1 !n       
sci5tific p w\ld use ! ^w 8,nor!rn0 & n 
a special t]m4 ,amid/ 8,nordic10 a race 
"n1 8,g]manic10 a national adjective1   
8,aryan10 a language "n1 ,mr4 ,gomme    
rolls l a puppy 9 a ball ( wool1 los+ 8 
temp] m & m4 ,!re are indications ( a   
suspicion t ! :ole ( ?is e?nology is    
wick$ ,g]man propag&a4 ,mr4 ,gomme      
probably believes t ! blue eyes s       
preval5t 9 ,nor!rn ,europe are ,g]man   
propag&a organs4 ,i am no s*ola/ic      
,h]cules to clean up ! m9d ( ,mr4       
,gomme4 ,i note ^! matt]s m]ely to make 

x pla9 t mu* ( ?is pamphlet ) its air ( 
heap+ up a li/ ( 8errors0 is really no m
 ?an ! viol5t expression ( ,mr4 ,gomme's
 ecc5tric diss5t f views t h pass$ mu/] 
) ! g5]ality ( s\nd s*ol>s4  ,i h nei!r 
"t nor space "h to deal ) ,mr4 ,gomme's 
orig9al view t ,*ri/ianity is a 8purely 
,european0 religion4 ,"o c be/ return   
him 8 8,nons5se60 & let ! /uff g ) t4 ,i
 h already not$ 8 utt] untea*abl5ess    
ab\t ! univ]sality ( ! ,roman ,empire4  
,8 avoidance ( in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory ( !
 ,*ri/ian religion is1 if possible1 m   
complete4 ,let me come n[ to 8          
conclusion4 ,he decl>es1 :i* is totally 
untrue1 t x is 8"o ( ,mr4 ,wells' curi\s
 !ories0 t 8primitive m5 are 9 all ways 
inf]ior to _! successors40 7,i po9t out 
! exact contr>y 9 relation to ! arti/ic 
a*ievem5ts ( ,paloli?ic & ,neoli?ic m547
 ,& !n1 j to %[ h[ ^! ?+s c\ld be done1 
he floats away into ?is sublime specim5 
( classical-side prose3--    8,b a san] 
view ( hi/ory sugge/s t x is n a /ory ( 
mank9d climb+ "o s+le hill 7ev5 up      

diff]5t sides ( x7   ) ourselves high   
up1 & all e>li] peoples 9 d>kness bel[  
left /ruggl+ up ! same pa?s4 ,r h !     
peoples ( !   e>? climb$ up _! sev]al   
hills1 "s high] ?an o!rs   7difficult z 
x may be to say :i*71 all diff]5t2 b !  
hills   ( ,greece & ,rome are among !   
highe/2 :ile we1 climb+ up our   own1   
already p]haps high] ?an !y1 h ! good   
=tune (   be+ able to look across to _! 
summits to le>n some?+ (   _! a*ievem5t1
 & receive light f ^? radiant peaks40   
,a l9e ( />s concludes1 & "o feels t    
no?+ else c\ld fitly conclude ! p]fect  
lovel9ess ( ?is passage4 ,let ! read]   
read x al\d 9 a firm1 cle> voice to     
sav\r ! delicate *>m ( its p>5!ses1 &   
let him realise :at a riv] ( gl[+       
exposition an ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory might h 
be5 9 ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,gomme4 ,let ! read] 
reflect1 too1 ^u ! hopeless despair s   
p]fect1 s entirely ,greek a passage mu/ 
ar\se 9 ! m9d ( a writ] :o nev] exp]i5c$
 ! bless+s ( a smatt]+ ( ,greek4 ,n )\t 
reason is ,mr4 ,gomme a /yli/1 & a      

fa/idi\s critic ( /yle4                 
#c                           ,,two      
,,ca?olic ,,critics   ,x is a relief to 
turn f ! vanity & peevi%ness ( ,mr4     
,gomme to two m s]i\s antagoni/s4 ,mr4  
,belloc is some?+ ( a special plead]1 & 
bo? he & ,dr4 ,d[ney =go few            
controv]sial advantages4 ,dr4 ,d[ney is 
n a%am$ to write ( my 8%[man's ge/ures0 
& s =?1 b !y bo? h m9ds & temp]s t are  
discipl9$2 !y are intellig5tly int]e/$ 9
 ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory z a :ole2 a       
passionate objection to my exi/5ce does 
n appe> among _! motives4 ,!y realise ,i
 h a def9ite /&po9t & !y /ate an        
und]/&able diff]5ce4  ,mr4 ,belloc's    
criticisms appe>$ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,review & !
 ,london ,m]cury1 & ,i d n ?9k he has   
repr9t$ !m4 ,we _h a brief b animat$    
dispute 9 ! ,london ,m]cury & ! ,ca?olic
 ,tablet aris+ out ( 8 comm5ts1 & ,i w n
 r5ew ! p>ticul> issues !n discuss$1    
except 9 s f> z !y arise aga9 out ( ,dr4
 ,d[ney's pamphlet4 ,i w direct myself r
 to ,dr4 ,d[ney ?an to ,mr4 ,belloc4  ,l

 ,mr4 ,gomme1 ,dr4 ,d[ney#b has gone to 
! fir/ edition ( ! ,outl9e1 &1 l ,mr4   
,gomme1 he has n *eck$ 8 comm5ts by any 
ref]5ce to ! curr5t v]sion4 ,he is ?us  
able to score v effectively ov] phrases 
& passages t ! own]s ( ! book edition w 
look = 9 va94 ,! weak po9t 9 ! /ory (   
,david & ,mi*al1 z x 0 told 9 ! "p      
issues1 = in/ance1 has be5 correct$1 &  
my mis/atem5t ( ! ,sabellian view ( !   
,tr9ity has be5 put "r4 ,let me admit t 
,i did n "k :at ,sabellianism 0 :5 ,i   
wrote ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory4 ,arianism ,i
 knew1 & ,tr9it>ianism ,i knew1 b n !   
views ( ! ,sabellians4 ,x 0 n an        
ov]sight1 x 0 complete ignorance t caus$
 t mis/atem5t1 & ,dr4 ,d[ney is         
legitimately entitl$ to all ! advantage 
?is confession entails4 ,! fact rema9s t
 ! second edition ( ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory
 does n conta9 ! f\r or five words t    
betray$ my ignorance ( ?is ref9em5t (   
doctr9e1 b gives in/ead a correct       
/atem5t ( ?is ,sabellian view4 ,i d\bt  
if !re 0 any g5]al delusion t ,i 0 an   

exp]t 9 ! !ological disputes ( ! e>ly   
,*ur* ev5 be=e ,dr4 ,d[ney call$        
att5tion to ! matt]4 ,unlike ,mr4       
,gomme1 :o evid5tly f\nd ! li/ ( errata 
at ! end ( ! ,newnes edition ( ! ,outl9e
 v useful1 ,dr4 ,d[ney has n tr\bl$ to  
look at t li/4 ,he w\ld h f\nd ?is      
,sabellian error already set "r !re4    
,footnote #b3    ,"s ,errors ( ,h4 ,g4  
,wells4 ,by ,ri*>d ,d[ney1 ,d4,d4       
,burns1 ,oates    ,wa%b\rne4 #aiba4  ,a 
criticism l t ( ,dr4 ,d[ney necess>ily  
goes f po9t to po9t1 & x is impossible  
to foll[ him closely )\t develop+ ^!    
notes into a confus$ miscellany (       
discussions4 ,i leave ) "s regret a v   
fundam5tal & int]e/+ issue1 ! issue     
betwe5 ,realism & ,nom9alism1 :i* is s  
closely int]wov5 )1 & relat$ to1 ! issue
 betwe5 ! me?ods ( ?\ght ( su* ,ca?olics
 z ,dr4 ,d[ney & ,mr4 ,belloc on ! "o   
h&1 & ( ^? :o h be5 ?r\gh ! discipl9es (
 mod]n sci5ce on ! o!r4 ,?is issue has  
be5 v con/antly 9 my m9d ?r\gh\t my     
life2 my fir/ pr9t$ article 79 !        

,=tnightly ,review 9 #ahih7 dealt ) x1 &
 x is discuss$ v fully 9 my ,fir/ & ,la/
 ,?+s4 ,x crops up aga9 & aga9 9 my     
writ+s1 because ,i am p]suad$ t v _m ( !
 intellectual tangles ( our "t are due  
to ! diff]5ces 9 intellectual temp]am5t 
& tra9+ t ! dispute betwe5 ,reali/ &    
,nom9ali/ develop$ & emphasis$1 & c only
 be resolv$ aft] a ?or\gh discussion (  
^! fundam5tals ( ?\ght4 ,i h s\ght 9 !  
limit$ space ( ! ,outl9e to call        
att5tion to ! fact t ?is diff]5ce is at 
! root ( ! ma9 div]g5cies 9 !           
intellectual & religi\s life ( our _w1 &
 ,i h express$ an op9ion1 :i* ,dr4      
,d[ney & a ha/ily inject$ footnote f    
,mr4 ,erne/ ,b>k] completely fail to    
modify1 t ! me?od ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 01 
& is1 ess5tially ,reali/4 ,mr4 ,b>k]    
says t1 al?\gh ,realism 0 at fir/ !     
,*ur* philosophy1 aft] ,occam ,nom9alism
 became ! philosophy ( ! ,*ur*2 ,dr4    
,d[ney says x didn't1 & t ,occam's      
foll[]s 7 prohibit$ f tea*+2 ,mr4 ,b>k] 
says t ,lu!r d5\nc$ ,nom9alism 7^u :i*  

,i am mov$ to rem>k t ,i d n c>e v      
greatly :at ,lu!r did or did n d5\nce72 
& !re are te*nical uses & common uses ( 
! ^w 8class0 & 8species0 :i* give great 
scope = a brilliant controv]siali/4 ,i w
 confess ,i quail be=e ! du/y           
possibilities ( ?is ?ree-corn]$ wrangle4
 ,& s9ce ,i want to come to t]ms )      
,ca?olic tea*]s if ,i c--because x is   
surely z mu* _! task z m9e to supplant !
 pres5t mis*iev\s n>r[ tea*+ ( national 
egotism 9 s*ools ?r\gh\t ! _w by "s wid]
 & m wid5+ in/ruction--,i w 9 future    
editions ( ! ,outl9e drop any ref]5ce to
 ! philosophy ( ! ,*ur* out ( ?is       
discussion ( ! opposition ( ,reali/ &   
,nom9ali/4  ,b my attitude t[>ds ! human
 /ory w n become ca?olic by t or any    
simil> concession4 ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory 
is n a ca?olic hi/ory2 x is r an        
ultra-prote/ant hi/ory--us+ prote/ant 9 
a s5se t w\ld %ock a good ,ul/]man      
pr(\ndly--9 a s5se1 t is1 t w\ld make   
,pr(essor ,huxley a good prote/ant4 ,dr4
 ,d[ney 9 8 op5+ passage regrets t ,i h 

all[$ my 8preconceiv$ philosophical &   
religi\s notions to ent] s l>gely into  
:at purports to be a record ( fact40 ,b 
no "o c write a hi/ory ( mank9d )\t     
express+ "o's own philosophical &       
religi\s ideas at e turn4 ,y _c /& on   
no?+ & hold up a _w4 ,y may pret5d &    
attempt to d s1 b t w be a di%one/y4 ,y 
_c ev5 arrange a *ronological table )\t 
a bias to pref] "o sort ( fact to ano!r4
 ,i am 8t5d5tial02 t is p]fectly true4  
,b ,i give my read]s full w>n+ t my     
views are views4 ,& ! bulk ( ,dr4       
,d[ney's pamphlet 7& ,mr4 ,belloc's     
criticisms7 is n s mu* an exposure (    
8errors0 9 ! n>r[] s5se ( ! ^w1 z a     
discussion ( q fundam5tal diff]5ces (   
int]pretation betwe5 ! /ory ,i tell & ! 
/ory implicit 9 or?odox ,ca?olic tea*+4 
,?ree ma9 issues are rais$ by ,dr4      
,d[ney1 & !y are all acutely int]e/+    
ones3 ! ,hi/orical ,fall ( ,man1 !      
,orig9 ( ,religion1 & ! rle ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* 9 re/ra9+ k4  ,! issue ( ! ,fall 
has be5 made a v important "o 9 ,ca?olic

 !ology4 ,9 ! ,outl9e ,i discuss "s     
consequ5ces ( ?is insi/5ce ^u ! ,fall 9 
! acc\nt giv5 ( ! moral disorganisation 
( ! middle & lat] n9ete5? c5tury4 ,i may
 be pr(\ndly wrong1 b ,i %>e a n[       
widespread belief t !re is no evid5ce ( 
any?+ 9 ! nature ( a moral ,fall1 su* z 
,ca?olic !ology requires1 9 human       
hi/ory2 t1 on ! contr>y1 !re is n[ a    
pressure ( evid5ce1 :i* ,i f9d          
irresi/ible1 t[>ds ! belief t ! human   
species arose ?r\gh a q natural s]ies ( 
*anges1 side by side ) v>i\s k9dr$      
species ( apes & man-l creatures1 out ( 
a monkey-l ance/ry d]iv+ itself ?r\gh   
va/ p]iods ( "t f reptilian & fi%-l     
prog5itors4 ,mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! species
 relat$ to m5 are ^! man-l creatures1 ! 
,ne&]?al m51 :o also made fires & %ap$  
huge fl9t implem5ts & buri$ _! dead4 ,i 
give ^! facts z ,i conceive !m1 & ,dr4  
,d[ney f9ds x necess>y to treat my      
description z ?\gh x 0 a complete       
argum5t design$ to /ate & prove ! human 
family tree1 & to pret5d t1 :5 ,i m5tion

 su* int]m$iate types betwe5 ape & man z
 ,pi!can?ropus1 ,i mean t !y are        
g5etically int]m$iate4 ,x is1 ,i submit1
 r girli% to write 9 ?is fa%ion3 8,we   
are ?rill$ to ?9k t 9 ?is *apt] ,mr4    
,wells is at la/ ab\t to solve ! knotty 
problem ( our simian ance/ry40 ,i d n   
believe ,dr4 ,d[ney 0 ?rill$ a bit4 ,dr4
 ,d[ney heads "o page 8,exit ! ,ape     
,ance/or ,!ory0--x is :at ! ,london     
j\rnali/ w\ld call a /ream]             
headl9e--because he has f\nd an article 
by ,major ,?omas ,*]ry po9t+ out ! _m   
reasons !re are = d\bt+ a v close g5etic
 connection betwe5 man & ! liv+ arboreal
 an?ropoids4 ,?is eag] headl9e is foll[$
 on ! next page by a /ill m eag] comm5t1
 by :i* ,dr4 ,d[ney comes "o ( ^?       
controv]sial cropp]s t w happ5 9 ?is    
sort ( fragm5t>y discussion4 ,he quotes 
,major ,*]ry1 8! specialis$ monkey foot 
may be rul$ out z a /age 9 ! ance/ry (  
man10 & adds1 8sad bl[ to ,mr4 ,wells ) 
8 diagrammatic picture ( #8foot ( man & 
gorilla4'0 ,on sev]al occasions 9 8     

criticism ( ! ,outl9e ,dr4 ,d[ney uses !
 dramatic phrase1 8"o rubs "o's eyes40  
,well1 if he w rub 8 eyes aga9 & h a    
good look at t picture & read ! context1
 he w f9d t x is giv5 to %[ ! diff]5ce1 
n ! resemblance1 ( ! two feet1 & t !    
8sad bl[0 recoils ) "s sev]ity ^u       
himself4 ,because x %[s t ,i at any rate
 am ti$ to no brief1 & h no hesitation 9
 giv+ a piece ( evid5ce t may seem to   
qualify ! g5]al drift ( my /ory4  ,if   
,dr4 ,d[ney1 by ! bye1 _h look$ up !    
curr5t edition ( ! ,outl9e1 he w\ld n h 
f\nd t figure4 ,x has gone1 & ! section 
has be5 reca/ s z to include an excell5t
 note by ,mr4 ,r4 ,i4 ,pocock :i* makes 
x simpl] & cle>]4  ,i hope1 if ,ca?olics
 w n accept & use ,! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory1 
!y w give u "o ( _! own1 & :5 !y d !re w
 be no "p ,i %all read ) great] int]e/ &
 curiosity ?an ! "p devot$ to ^! curi\s 
subhuman creatures & ! acc\nt ( ! ,fall 
t occurr$1 if ,i read ,dr4 ,d[ney       
aright1 betwe5 ! disappe>ance ( ,ne&]?al
 ,man & ! appe>ance ( ! ,cro-,magnon p 9

 ,europe4 ,bo? ,dr4 ,d[ney & ,mr4       
,belloc make a great fuss because ,i h  
giv5 pictures ( ,pi!can?ropus & !       
,ne&]?al ,man1 & because !re is an      
imag9ative picture by ,sir ,h>ry        
,john/on ( 8,our ,ne&]?aloid ance/or0 9 
! ,newnes edition4 ,!y po9t out t ^!    
pictures are made up ) only a few bones 
& !ories to g ^u4 ,!y are4 ,!y are to   
help ! imag9ation ( ! weak] bre?r51 & !y
 pret5d to d no m ?an t4 ,b x 0 amus+ to
 read ?is objection 9 ,dr4 ,d[ney's     
pamphlet j aft] a visit to ! ,vatican1  
:]e portraits ( ,adam & ,eve & ! snake  
:o tempt$ !m occur 9 "s pr(usion4 ,i h  
se5 at ,cava di ,tirr5e a hair ( !      
,virg9 ,m>y1 a bone ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & a   
numb] ( o!r osse\s & horny fragm5ts (   
sa9ts & div9e p]sons1 v reassur+ evid5ce
 ( ! mat]ial tru? ( ! ,ca?olic religion1
 b ,i h /ill to le>n ( any ve/iges (    
,adam to comp>e ) ! ?igh bone1 ! tee? & 
! skull fragm5ts ( ,pi!can?ropus4 ,if   
,ca?olicism is to avail itself (        
illu/ration1 ,i d n see :y ,mr4 ,belloc 

& ,dr4 ,d[ney %\ld display ?is          
iconocla/ic f]v\r t[>ds a secul> hi/ory4
  ,dr4 ,d[ney foll[s ,mr4 ,belloc 9 a   
curi\s disposition to score a po9t by   
decl>+ t ?is or t view ( m9e is         
tw5ty-five ye>s old1 q out ( date3 8,mr4
 ,wells has n kept pace ) ! rationali/  
movem5t10 & s =?4 ,i d n und]/& ?is     
passion 9 ,ca?olics = ! late/ m5tal we>2
 = my own "p1 if a ?+ is conv9c+ to me1 
,i d n c>e :5 x 0 fir/ believ$ nor :o   
has giv5 x up4 ,i ?\ght t 0 ! way )     
,ca?olics too4 ,b ,mr4 ,belloc assur$ ! 
read]s ( ! ,dubl9 ,review t ,natural    
,selection _h n be5 believ$ 9 =         
tw5ty-five ye>s2 x 0 q a disc>d$ idea4  
,if ! intellectual sm>t set reg>ds      
,natural ,selection z out ( date1 t %[s 
m]ely t ! intellectual sm>t set has tak5
 leave ( common s5se4 ,! proposition is 
inv9cible t1 giv5 a species 9 :i* !     
individuals reproduce 9 great] or less  
abundance "y ) individual diff]5ces1 &  
soon] or lat] die1 & 9 :i* ! individual 
"y fav\r _! individual p>5ts1 !n 9 e    

g5]ation ! individuals less adapt$ to   
survive & reproduce are1 z a rule1      
likely to die soon] & to be> few] (fspr+
 ?an ! individuals m adapt$ to ^! ends1 
& !re=e t1 conditions rema9+ con/ant1 ! 
av]age specim5 ( ! species mu/ become m 
& m p]fectly adapt$ z "t goes on to !   
conditions ( its exi/5ce4 ,& equally    
inv9cible is ! proposition t a p]man5t  
*ange ( conditions mu/ involve a *ange 9
 ! av]age ( a species to :i* no app>5t  
limit is set %ort ( p]fect adaptation1 &
 ! p>allel proposition t ! av]age       
specim5s ( ea* ( two sections ( a       
species liv+ "u widely diff]5t          
conditions ( survival1 & sep>at$ f ea*  
o!r1 mu/ ultimately become widely       
diff]5t4 ,i write ( ?is n1 z ,dr4 ,d[ney
 says1 ) ! 8full-blood$ confid5ce ( !   
,scioli/10 b ) ! assurance ( a normally 
sane man4 ,if anyone c />t f ! premises 
,i h j giv5 & arrive at any o!r ?an !   
conclusion at :i* ,i h arriv$1 !re is   
ne$ = a psy*ological ,e9/e94  ,x does n 
affect ?is "q a jot t ,mr4 ,bateson1    

always some?+ ( an enfant t]rible among 
biologi/s1 celebrat$ ! c5t5>y ( ,*>les  
,d>w91 & ! fiftie? anniv]s>y ( !        
publication ( ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 by  
writ+ 9 a collection ( pi\s             
contributions to ,d>w9's memory t 8! "t 
is n ripe = a discussion ( ! ,orig9 (   
,species40 ,t 0 j ,mr4 ,bateson's fun4  
,he himself has discuss$ x imm5sely4 ,b 
he has discuss$ x f ! po9t ( view ( !   
cause ( ! individual diff]5ce1 & ! !ory 
( ,natural ,selection is n conc]n$ ) t4 
,natural ,selection is m]ely a logical  
d$uction f ! facts ( inh]itance &       
individual diff]5ce4 ,x expla9s nei!r1 &
 no cle>-head$ biologi/ has ev] ?\ght t 
x did4  ,bo? ,mr4 ,belloc & ,dr4 ,d[ney 
are inde$ 9 a hopeless muddle betwe5 !  
discussion ( ! orig9 ( v>iations & ! "q 
( ! reaction ( a v>iable species to its 
environm5t4 ,among all ^! biological    
que/ions !y are helplessly at sea4 ,i   
d\bt if !y h ev] look$ into a biological
 book except 9 a /ate ( controv]sial    
prepossession4 ,at ! mom5t ,i am unable 

to v]ify ,dr4 ,d[ney's quotation f ,mr4 
,b\rne's ,animal ,life & ,human         
,progress 7#aiai71 9 :i* ,mr4 ,b\rne is 
made to say t ! 8ext9ction ( ! less fit 
& ! survival ( ! fitte/ no long] comm&s 
! univ]sal ass5t ( zoologi/s10 b ,i am  
dispos$ to ?9k t x mu/ be clipp$ 9 "s   
way4 ,?is s5t5ce1 ,i guess1 is only !   
tail ( a s5t5ce4 ,z x /&s x is nons5se4 
,my guess1 ,i f9d on return+ to ,engl&1 
is correct4 ,ev5 ! au?or%ip ( ! book is 
improp]ly ascrib$ to ,pr(essor 7n ,mr47 
,b\rne4 ,x is a collection ( pap]s by   
v>i\s h&s4 ,! passage 9 ,pr(essor       
,b\rne's pap] runs z foll[s3--    8,i h 
be5 at "s pa9s to conv9ce y t ! curr5t  
doctr9e   t evolution 9 animals & plants
 dep5ds ^u a ratio (   increase s high z
 to lead to unre/rict$ competition among
 !   individuals ( a species1 & 9       
consequ5ce to a ,/ruggle =   ,exi/5ce1 )
 ext9ction ( ! less fit & ,survival ( ! 
,fitte/1 no long] comm&s ! univ]sal     
ass5t ( zoologi/s4   ,inde$ x has be5   
sev]ely und]m9$ by ! discov]ies ( rec5t 

ye>s40  ,dr4 ,d[ney quotes f ! words    
8ext9ction ( ! less fit0 to ! end4  ,i d
 n wi% to accuse ,dr4 ,d[ney ( any      
delib]ate attempt to deceive 9 ?is      
misquotation4 ,he did n und]/& ! po9t   
,pr(essor ,b\rne 0 driv+ at--g5]ally he 
%[s little or no grip ^u ^! biological  
que/ions4 ,pr(essor ,b\rne "h is n      
discuss+ ,natural ,selection at all2 he 
is discuss+ ! entirely diff]5t "q ( :e!r
 !re is normally a bitt] /ruggle =      
exi/5ce betwe5 ! individuals ( ! same   
species4 ,if ,dr4 ,d[ney _h read on he  
w\ld surely h grasp$ ! idea--= ,pr(essor
 ,b\rne is v pla9 & simple--t a species 
may und]go natural selection )\t any    
/ruggle = exi/5ce betwe5 individuals at 
all4 ,b ,dr4 ,d[ney did n1 ,i ?9k1 read 
on4 ,he j took ! words t seem$ to suit 8
 purpose--r c>elessly--& ?rew ! book    
d[n4 ,x is a little t$i\s1 h[ev]1 t "o  
%\ld h to v]ify ! quotations ( an       
antagoni/ 9 ?is way4  ,:5 x comes to !  
"q ( ! orig9 ( religion ,i f9d ,dr4     
,d[ney display+ ! same controv]sial     

+5uity & miss+ my pla9 int5tion 9 mu* ! 
same way4 ,he makes me out to be a      
foll[] ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,grant ,all51  
:i* is r h>d on me3 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] is my 
philosophical bte noire2 ,i h r>ely     
m5tion$ him 9 my writ+s )\t "s          
indication ( my antipa?y1 & 9 ,! ,outl9e
 ( ,hi/ory ,i h nev] m5tion$ him at all4
 ,9 a li/ ( ! op9ions ( v>i\s writ]s    
tak5 haphaz>d1 to %[ :at div]g5t views  
exi/ ab\t ! orig9 ( religion1 ,i m5tion 
,grant ,all5's ,evolution ( ! ,idea (   
,god--,dr4 ,d[ney1 ,i don't "k :y1 says 
8) evid5t respect40 ,!n he goes on = "s 
pages confut+ ,grant ,all5 & pret5d+ t  
he is confut+ me4 ,no d\bt he ?\ght he 0
 confut+ me1 b if he _h turn$ back to ,!
 ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory in/ead ( go+ (f at   
?is tang5t1 he w\ld h se5 t ,i d n write
 ( ! fe> & wor%ip ( ! ,old ,man--:i*1 z 
,dr4 ,d[ney w le>n "s day1 is n q ! same
 ?+ z ance/or wor%ip--z any?+ m ?an "o  
factor 9 ! complex syn!sis ( religion4  
,& ! case = consid]+ obsession by !     
?\ght ( ! ,old ,man1 an important factor

 9 t syn!sis1 re/s on v mu* /rong]      
f\ndations ?an ,grant ,all5's n v       
sub/antial book4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld ?9k (   
,dr4 ,d[ney read+ any sci5tific book =  
in/ruction r ?an to f9d little bits =   
controv]sial use4 ,i w\ld s5d him to    
,lang & ,atk9son's ,social ,orig9s & to 
! psy*o-analytical "w ( ,jung4 ,he w\ld 
le>n !n some?+ ( ! real quality ( !     
d\ble /ream ( evid5ce1 9 human          
in/itutions & 9 *ildi% psy*ology1 = !   
importance ( ,old ,man fe> 9 ! religi\s 
& social developm5t ( mank9d4  ,^u !    
?ird issue rais$ by ,dr4 ,d[ney1 ! rle (
 ! ,*ur* t[>ds k1 ,i am n v well equipp$
 = discussion4 ,0 ,c>d9al ,newman "r 9  
say+ t ! case ( ,galileo is ! exception 
t proves ! rule1 ! rule t ! ,*ur* has   
nev] put b>ri]s 9 ! way ( sci5tific     
progress8 ,i rub my eyes :5 ,i f9d ,dr4 
,d[ney endors+ ?is--^! habits are cat*+4
 ,"l ,bacon1 says ,dr4 ,d[ney1 8viol5tly
 oppos$ ! ,cop]nican sy/em40 ,b did he  
make anyone kneel & recant8 ,i mu/ le>n 
m ab\t ^! que/ions4 ,c]ta9ly !y 7 good  

,ca?olics :o discov]$ ,am]ica & fir/    
circumnavigat$ ! globe--a po9t ,dr4     
,d[ney misses4 ,i %all f9d p]haps t !re 
7 ,ca?olic s*ools ( human anatomy 9 !   
,middle ,ages & t ! ,inquisition 0 a    
debat+ society t took = its motto 8,he> 
all sides10 & t x _h a burn+ curiosity  
to le>n "s new ?+4444 ,i promise fur!r  
inquiry "h & su* am5dm5t ( ! text ( !   
,outl9e 9 my next edition z ^! inquiries
 may ju/ify4 ,z ,i h said already1 ,i   
look to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* z an           
organisation logically oblig$ to tea* ! 
univ]sal bro!rhood ( mank9d1 to apply ! 
heal+ p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan to     
political & social life1 & to disc\rage 
! vile nationalism t at pres5t d>k5s &  
embitt]s s _m human lives4 ,x impresses 
me z be+ r a weak & neglig5t tea*] ( ^! 
?+s n[adays1 b ,i h no disposition to g 
into blank antagonism to ! ,*ur* on t   
acc\nt4 ,i (f] ,ca?olics ,! ,outl9e (   
,hi/ory = use 9 _! s*ools 9 ! mo/       
amiable _s4 ,if !y w n h x1 ,i w n      
grieve1 if only !y w produce a univ]sal 

hi/ory ( _! own4 ,i %all c]ta9ly read   
su* a hi/ory ) int]e/ & delight4 ,x w be
 diff]5t4 ,ca?olics1 ,i ga!r1 d n       
believe 9 8progress40 ,x w be1 ,i       
presume1 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,creation        
7expla9+ logically :y ! i*?yosaurus 0   
made71 ! ,salvation & ! subsequ5t       
,/agnation ( mank9d4  ,be=e ,i leave ^! 
two critics ,i may p]haps say a ^w or   
two ab\t _! mann] t[>ds me4 ,mr4        
,belloc's is r amus+4 ,i am a j\rnali/ &
 writ] ( books1 "s novels1 "s books on  
public que/ions4 ,i am a univ]sity      
graduate ( respectability r ?an         
di/9ction 9 biological sci5ce4 ,mr4     
,belloc is a j\rnali/ & writ] ( books1  
"s novels1 "s books on public que/ions1 
& a univ]sity graduate ( respectability 
r ?an di/9ction--,i believe 9 mod]n     
hi/ory4 ,he is a y\ng] man ?an myself1 &
 by t measure less exp]i5c$ 9 life &    
affairs4 ,b = "s unfa?omable reason he  
writes z if he 7 a mon/r\sly wise old   
hi/orian & ,i 7 a bright little boy :o  
_h gone to ! wrong au?orities in/ead (  

com+ to him be=e ,i wrote my little     
essay4 ,he is lucky n to h adopt$ ?is   
attitude t[>ds me ?irty ye>s ago1       
because !n ,i %\ld h put him across my  
knees & e/abli%$ a tru] relation%ip 9 ! 
simple way boys h4 ,dr4 ,d[ney v>ies 9 8
 mann] f ! pity+ & pat]nal to sprightly 
defiance4 ,sometimes he is almo/        
flippant4 ,he closes my la/ *apt] 8feel+
 t--                   8,8 talk 0 l a   
spr+ :i* runs                  ,) rapid 
*ange f rocks to roses2                 
,x slipp$ f politics to puns1           
,x pass$ f ,mahomet to ,moses40  ,b h[  
else c\ld "o write an ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory8
 ,a slight flav\r ( ! encyclopdia is    
unavoidable1 z ,dr4 ,d[ney w f9d out =  
himself :5 8 turn to write an ,outl9e ( 
,hi/ory arrives2 ! rocks1 & ,moses &    
,mahomet w insi/ on com+ 94 ,if he      
leaves out ! rocks z be+ irrelevant to a
 ,ca?olic hi/ory1 ! critics w ?r[ !m at 
him4  ,b 9 "o section ,dr4 ,d[ney has a 
?ird mann] ) reg>d to me4 ,:5 fir/ ,i   
turn$ ov] ,dr4 ,d[ney's pamphlet ,i 0   

mu* surpris$ to f9d a little gr\p (     
pages /udd$ ) su* delightful phrases z  
8we owe a debt ( gratitude to ,mr4      
,wells10 8graceful p510 8sympa?y &      
insight40 ,! read] w guess1 ( c\rse1 t  
,i rubb$ my eyes4 ,he w guess wrong4 ,i 
did no?+ ( ! sort1 ,i rub my eyes v     
r>ely1 b probably !y dilat$4 ,on ,loyola
 & ! ,prote/ant pr9ces1 x seems1 ,i am  
p]fectly s\nd--& !n my /yle becomes     
admirable4444  ,yet only ! o!r day ,i _h
 a lett] f an indignant ,prote/ant 9    
,au/ralia expla9+ t 9 ^! v sections my  
/yle & my hi/ory rea*$ its nadir (      
smatt]+ ineptitude4                     
#d                 ,,! ,,hope ,,( ,a    
,,bett] ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory   ,i w     
rev]t = a mom5t to my sugge/ion ( an    
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory = ,ca?olics f !       
,ca?olic po9t ( view4 ,x is1 ,i submit1 
a v desirable ?+ at ! pres5t "t4 ,i     
suppose ! ,*ur*1 at its head & z a :ole1
 has a policy1 a def9able relation%ip   
t[>ds ! ,/ates & nations ( ! _w4 ,z an  
organisation "o feels t x %\ld make =   

peace & human co-op]ation--:]ev] x      
op]ates4 ,if any sort ( m5 c be expect$ 
to h ! same political ideas :]ev] !y are
 f\nd1 & to h _h some?+ l an id5tical   
hi/orical tra9+1 x is surely ! prie/hood
 ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,b ! ,*ur* does n  
seem to give its prie/s any sy/ematic   
in/ruction 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 aft] !  
p]iod cov]$ by ! ,bible /ory4 ,mu* less 
does x att5d to ! m9ds ( its laity 9 ?is
 matt]4 ,ev]y:]e ! ,ca?olic prie/1      
in/ead ( re/ra9+ ! local & patriotic    
prejudices ( 8 flock1 seems r to be     
sway$ by !m4 ,9 v _m c5turies ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* plays a v important political    
rle2 x is almo/ inevitable t !          
facilities (f]$ by its organisation &   
solid>ity %\ld be us$ politically4 ,b x 
does n seem to be us$ coh]5tly ?r\gh\t !
 _w 9 ! cause ( human unity4 ,its weight
 is r on ! side ( ! int5s]              
,nationalisms4 ,i believe t a ,ca?olic  
,hi/ory ( ,man writt5 = _w-wide use w\ld
 d mu* to turn ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*     
?r\gh\t ! _w back t[>ds its =m] rle ( a 

peace-compell+ & _w-unify+ p[]4  ,(     
c\rse1 ,i _c pret5d to und]/& h[ a      
,ca?olic ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory w\ld be      
design$ & writt54 ,i d n see h[ any     
writ] c see hi/ory except f 8 own       
/&po9t1 & my conception ( h[ t ,ca?olic 
hi/ory w\ld be plann$1 7 ,i to give x   
"h1 w\ld c]ta9ly /rike any ,ca?olic z at
 lea/ a grotesque c>icature ( 8 vision4 
,t op5s up ! /ill l>g] "q ( !           
possibility ( o!r ,outl9es ( ,hi/ory    
writt5 f diff]5t angles ( vision f my   
own4 ,my vision ( hi/ory is ess5tially  
"o ( m5tal syn!sis & mat]ial            
co-op]ation1 f ! completely isolat$     
individual life & dea? ( ! primordial   
animal to ! cont9u+ m5tal life & !      
social organisation n[ gr[+ to planet>y 
dim5sions1 ( ! human species4 ,means (  
communication & educational & political 
organisation necess>ily dom9ate ! /ory4 
,! triumphs ( art & ( poetic lit]ature  
are second>y 9 su* a s*eme4 ,mr4 ,gomme 
compla9s t an exam9ee w\ld get l[ m>ks  
if he _h to write an acc\nt ( ,hom] f my

 ,outl9e4 ,if ! "q conc]n$ ,%akespe>e or
 ,giotto1 ,i d\bt if he w\ld get any    
m>ks at all4 ,= ! pla9 tru? is t su*    
outbreaks ( beauty sc>cely affect !     
,outl9e--z su*4 ,!y may be v important  
to ! human s\l & s =?1 & a li/ ( !m--an 
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory c d no m ?an t--may be
 v necess>y to /ruggl+ exam9ees2 b ^! 7 
consid]ations beyond ! int5tion ( !     
,outl9e4  ,o!r m9ds may see ! "q        
diff]5tly4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t !       
,outl9e c\ld h be5 told z a hi/ory (    
art4 ,or1 z ! ,m>xi/s are dispos$ to    
insi/1 z a hi/ory ( economic relation%ip
 & its consequ5ces4 7,because ! ,m>xi/s 
believe t fir/ a man produces & !n he   
exi/s47 ,ei!r me?od may be possible1 b  
to my m9d nei!r is possible4 ,= me1 ,i c
 only imag9e a hi/ory ( art or (        
economic developm5t be+ writt5 aft] !   
,outl9e z ,i conceive x has be5         
appreh5d$4 ,& ! same rem>k applies to a 
project :i* is1 ,i ga!r1 afoot 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates = a ,hi/ory ( ,woman4 ,i d
 n see h[ su* a hi/ory c be writt5 until

 y h ! fundam5tal ,outl9e ( ! developm5t
 ( human societies 9 space & "t z !     
framework 9 :i* x c be hung4  ,i w\ld l 
to lay /ress ^u ?is idea ( univ]sal     
hi/ory z an educational framework4      
,comb9$ ) ! /udy ( physiography1 z      
,pr(essor ,huxley def9$ x1 x gives      
some?+ t may be made ! basis ( a common 
und]/&+ & sympa?y = all mank9d4 ,ea* "o 
( u c\ld pursue 8 p>ticul> int]e/s &    
develop 8 p>ticul> gifts ! bett] )9 su* 
a common m5tal framework4  ,n[ if x is  
true t my ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory is a sket* (
 ! real ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory1 ?is framework
 ( :i* we /& 9 ne$2 & if x is true t    
ei!r by effective revision or replacem5t
 we may pres5tly get a g5]ally          
satisfactory ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory t w be   
available z an educational framework1 ! 
next "q we h to ask is h[ we c be/ get t
 ,outl9e into op]ation 9 s*ools4 ,9     
,am]ica1 :]e !re is mu* m fre$om &      
v>iety 9 educational me?od ?an 9        
,europe1 mu* may be a*iev$ by a /eady   
insi/5ce on ! "p ( gr\ps ( p>5ts &      

j\rnali/s ^u ! introduction ( ! new     
tea*+ ( hi/ory into s*ools & colleges4  
,b 9 ,europe1 :]e ! s*ools ( bo? boys & 
girls are mu* m dom9at$ by ! requirem5ts
 ( ! v>i\s leav+-s*ools1 qualify+ &     
competitive exam9ations by :i* !y pass  
on into bus9ess or pr(essional or /ud5t 
life1 ! me?od ( attack may ne$ to be a  
diff]5t "o4 ,x becomes a matt] (        
importance "u su* conditions to d "o's  
utmo/ to introduce into su* exam9ations 
:at w be at fir/ an alt]native pap] 9 ! 
,outl9es ( ,hi/ory1 a pap] :i* may be   
tak5 z an alt]native to ! pap] ^u !     
national hi/ory ( a special p]iod :i* is
 at pres5t ! usual requirem5t 9 hi/ory (
 su* exam9ations4 ,! two sorts ( hi/ory 
tea*+ w\ld !n g on1 = a "t at lea/1 side
 by side4 ,"s s*ools & "s c&idates w\ld 
foll[ ! ext5sive1 & "s ! int5sive1      
me?od4 ,& a ?+ n[ v urg5tly ne$$ is =   
tea*]s ( hi/ory1 or = ! ,hi/orical      
,society1 or "s special committee1 to   
draw up a sample syllabus1 or two or    
?ree su* docum5ts1 to def9e a c\rse (   

in/ruction 9 ! outl9es ( _w hi/ory4 ,my 
own contribution to t is1 ( c\rse1 ! li/
 ( cont5ts ( ! ,outl9e ,i h writt54 ,x  
w\ld be an extraord9>ily useful ?+ to   
produce & to criticise & revise su* a   
syllabus n[1 & !n :5 x 0 9 fairly good  
%ape to agitate = its adoption z an     
alt]native s*eme ( in/ruction to ! exi/+
 hi/ory c\rses4  ,s soon z ! ,outl9e (  
,hi/ory becomes a 8subject0 & a 8pap]0 9
 ^! v>i\s exam9ations t mean s mu* to ! 
y\? ( ,europe1 ent]pris+ tea*]s w\ld    
beg9 to qualify !mselves = ! new "w1 &  
ent]pris+ publi%]s w\ld set !mselves to 
ab/ract1 improve1 p>aphrase1 plagi>ise &
 adapt ! ,outl9e = class use4 ,9 a v    
little :ile1 ) incalculably great b5efit
 to mank9d1 we c\ld h ! broad facts (   
human hi/ory taught1 z *emi/ry is taught
 to-day1 9 practically ! same t]ms      
?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,& lat]1 z ! /ud5ts
 w5t on to a clos] /udy ( _! own nation 
& its lit]ature1 !y w\ld d s ) a s\nd   
s5se ( hi/orical p]spective1 & ) _!     
disposition t[>ds national egotism &    

conceit at lea/ correct$4 ,on m9ds      
prep>$ 9 ?is fa%ion x w\ld be possible  
to build ! new conceptions ( an organis$
 _w peace t /ruggle s hopelessly at     
pres5t aga9/ ! d>k prejudices ( to-day4 
,h4 ,g4 ,,wells4                        
,,pr9t$ ,,by                            
,,cassell  ,,company1 ,,limit$1         
,,la ,,belle ,,sauvage1 ,,london1 ,e ,c4
                                        
,f#cj4fba                               
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correct$ typographical errors &         
v>iations 9 spell+4  #b4 ,reta9$        
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