,,! ,,am]ican ,,agriculturi/4 ,illu/ration ,agriculture is ! mo/ heal?ful1 ! mo/ useful1 & ! mo/ noble employm5t ( ,man4--,wa%+ton4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,decemb]1 #ahdc4 ,,no4 ,,xi4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,all51 ,editor4 ,,saxton ,,miles1 ,publi%]s1 #bje ,broadway4 ,,fatt5+ ,,p\ltry4 ,z ,?anksgiv+1 ,*ri/mas1 & ,new ,ye>s1 are fa/ approa*+1 :5 ! dem& = p\ltry is at its greate/ height1 & ! quality ( x is m curi\sly consid]$ ?an at o!r seasons ( ! ye>1 9 ord] to obta9 some?+ *oice = ! fe/ive days1 we h ?\ght a few words ^u ! fatt5+ & prep>ation ( x = m>ket might n[ v appropriately be giv51 & p]haps int]e/ our read]s m ?an at ano!r "t4 ,! f[ls be+ 9 good condition a =tnight to "o mon? previ\s to ! "t !y are want$ = kill+1 %ut !m up 9 a roomy1 dry1 well-v5tilat$1 & w>m build+1 ) ei!r a gr\nd1 /one1 or plank floor1 z is mo/ conv5i5t4 ,?is %\ld be clean$ e day1 & /raw sev]al in*es ?ick spread ov] a "p ( x1 especially :]e geese & ducks are %ut up1 = ! purpose ( giv+ !m good b$s to sit 94 ,z (t5 z ! litt] gets soil$1 remove x1 & put clean /raw 9 its place4 ,a con/ant supply ( food & wat] %\ld n[ be kept be=e !m1 all[+ ! f[ls to eat & dr9k z (t5 & z mu* z !y please4 ,gravel is indisp5sable = _! heal?1 & *>coal1 toge!r ) a little lime or gr\nd bones1 is b5eficial4 ,f[ls fat bett] :5 !y c get at _! food z (t5 z !y please1 & are n s apt to gorge !mselves & become surfeit$4 ,= fe$ we pref] corn mo/ly2 a little :eat1 rye1 or b>ley1 is also v well z a *ange2 oats h r too mu* husk ab\t !m4 ,9 addition to ^!1 boil$ potatoes1 sweet apples1 pumpk9s1 & sug> beet1 are excell5t food1 especially :5 mix$ ) a due proportion ( mu% or ha/y pudd+4 ,:]e sweet potatoes ab\nd1 !y are an excell5t sub/itute = ! la/4 ,to ! above1 add daily a little lean meat1 t :i* is cook$ is pref]r$2 & ! la/ week ( _! fatt5+1 = a f9i%+ process1 rice boil$ 9 milk & sweet5$ ) molasses1 is v excell5t4 ,?is may be call$ an exp5sive me?od2 b our read]s may be assur$ t ! f[ls w be en\gh bett] to pay = x4 ,meat d]ives mu* ( its ta/e f ! k9d & quality ( food t ! animals consume2 h5ce gross1 fatty sub/ances1 fi%1 or any?+ t is disagreeable to ! ta/e %\ld be avoid$ 9 ! food giv5 to f[ls dur+ ! fatt5+ process1 z ^! inv>iably imp>t m or less ( _! disagreeable flavor to ! fle% ( ! p\ltry f$ ^u !m4 ,x is well kn[n t ! celebrat$ canvass-back duck d]ives its delicacy ( ta/e f fe$+ on ! bulb\s roots ( a peculi> grass gr[+ 9 ! ,*esapeake bay1 & t o!r k9ds ( ducks are sc>cely eatable1 9 consequ5ce ( _! liv+ almo/ entirely ^u fi%4 ,^! rem>ks w hold good to mo/ k9ds ( birds1 bo? ( ! wat] & l&1 &1 inde$1 ( all animals2 accord+ly z _! food is good or bad1 s w be ! quality ( ! milk1 meat1 or eggs4 ,we recollect :5 a boy1 ( hav+ occasionally se5 geese & ducks nail$ ?r\gh ! webs ( _! feet to planks & floors1 & h5s & turkeys ti$ up & s closely conf9$ to /akes1 t !y c\ld n ex]cise4 ,?is 0 done s t !y might fat ! fa/]6 ,h[ %ock+ly b>b>\s1 & any "o guilty ( su* a practice 9 ^! days1 ought to be indict$1 & sev]ely puni%$ = _! cruelty & cupidity4 ,we are totally oppos$ to ! close conf9em5t ( bea/ or bird4 ,)\t ex]cise1 ! sy/em c n be 9 a heal?y /ate2 & ! meat ( close conf9$ animals is nev] z good1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 z :5 !y h pl5ty ( fre% air1 & are all[$ to move mod]ately ab\t4 ,! be/ me?od ( kill+ f[ls1 is to cut _! heads (f at a s+le bl[ ) a %>p axe1 & !n hang !m up & all[ !m to ble$ freely4 ,by ?is process !y nev] "k :at hurts !m1 or endure pa9 = a second4 ,wr++ ! necks ( p\ltry is almo/ z %ock+ z nail+ _! feet to planks = ! purpose ( fatt5+ !m1 & foll[s 9 ! same b>b>\s category4 ,scald+ ! f[l previ\s to pick+1 injures ! fea!rs1 & makes x tr\blesome to dry !m1 & we ?9k ! quality ( fle% is some:at injur$ by ?is process1 especially if ! wea!r be n pretty cold at ! "t4 ,!y %\ld be pick$ z soon z possible aft] be+ kill$1 & _! (fal tak5 f !m2 be clean r9s$ !n 9 cold wat]1 & hung up to dry1 & kept z sep>ate z possible till sold2 pack+ !m toge!r 9 heaps injures ! fle%4 ,to be hung up & froz5 = a few days1 or ev5 weeks be=e eat+1 makes ! fle% m t5d]4 ,to keep !m ! same l5g? ( "t aft] roa/+1 especially if well /uff$1 also adds to _! delicacy ( ta/e & t5d]ness4 ,:5 ! bird is br\ght on to ! table1 x is p]fectly %ock+ to see its head1 legs1 & feet1 left ^u x1 ?\gh we "k 9 _m places ?is is fa%ionable1 & consid]$ highly g5teel2 b = our own "p we dete/ su* (fal1 & ! sight ( !m frequ5tly de/roys our appetite = ! "t be+4 ,! process ( c>v+ also at ! table is a dead bore4 ,we l ! ,fr5* fa%ion ( cutt+ up ! bird 9 ! kit*5 or at a side table1 & hav+ x pass$ r\nd on ! di%1 e "o !n help+ himself to su* pieces z he likes be/4 ,,f]tility ,,( ,,sea-,,mud4 ,,sea-,,mud v>ies greatly 9 its composition1 dep5dant some?+ ^u ! soil ( ! neighbor+ upl&s4 ,x is consid]$ a valuable manure 9 ,europe1 & is s\ght = ) avidity1 & transport$ n unfrequ5tly consid]able di/ances into ! int]ior4 ,we h se5 x us$ ) good effect 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ,massa*usetts to ,p5nsylvania2 & are told t 9 ,delaw>e & ,m>yl&1 & ev5 f>!r s\?1 x is highly priz$ by ^? :o h tri$ x4 ,on ,long ,isl&1 ! pa/ summ]1 we 7 occasionally %[n ! f]tilis+ results1 n only ( sea-mud1 b ( ! m>% soil also1 appli$ to ! upl&s a little remov$ f ! bord]s ( ! m>%es & ! sea%ore4 ,our intellig5t correspond5t1 ,mr4 ,p>tridge1 in=ms u he has us$ bea*-mud 9 v>i\s ways ) good effect2 & t ! pa/ summ]1 two g5tlem5 ^: c\ntry seats bord] 8 mill1 7 all[$ to make use ( ! s$im5t f ! tide mill-pond1 & !y f\nd x add$ greatly to ! productiv5ess ( _! g>d5s4 ,sea-mud may be appli$ 9 diff]5t ways1 accord+ to its con/itu5ts4 ,if x ab\nds ) clay1 x %\ld be tak5 9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 & spread broad-ca/ ^u ! l&1 & ?us lie expos$ to ! action ( ! fro/ all w9t]4 ,?is pulv]ises x well1 & 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> ! roll] %\ld be pass$ ov] x 9 dry wea!r1 foll[$ by ! h>r[1 & if any lumps rema9 aft] ?is op]ation1 let !m be beat5 f9e ) ! dung-beat]4 ,?is is consid]$ "o ( ! be/ top dress+s = grass l& :i* c be giv52 x also answ]s well to be pl[$ 9 = ei!r gra9 or root crops4 ,:]e ! mud ab\nds m ) s&1 x is an excell5t ?+ to put into b>n y>ds & pig-/yes1 to be incorporat$ ) ! litt] & manure2 x may likewise be ?r[n into a heap until x becomes completely pulv]is$1 & !n spread ^u ! l&4 ,z air-slack$ lime or small brok5 lime c be obta9$ 9 ?is city = ab\t half ! price ( quick lime1 ,mr4 ,p>tridge sugge/s t x w\ld be an excell5t +r$i5t to mix ) ! sea-mud1 = ! purpose ( =m+ a compo/4 ,a bu%el or two ( ! lime1 to a c>t-load ( ! mud1 he ?9ks a good mixture4 ,:5 x ab\nds ) consid]able vegetable matt]1 we w\ld recomm5d a great] proportion ( lime1 say f "o to t5 or tw5ty p>ts4 ,a%es & *>coal du/ are excell5t +r$i5ts to mix ) sea-mud1 & :5 ei!r ( ^! or lime is us$ to =m a compo/1 !y make x mu* m la/+4 ,x is less labor to transport ! sea-mud directly to ! place :]e x is to be us$1 & spread x broad-ca/ at once ^u ! l&2 & z ! sav+ ( labor is q an object 9 our c\ntry1 we h f\nd t ?is me?od ( apply+ x is ! mo/ g5]ally practis$4 ,) ! exception ( a few ( our m intellig5t f>m]s1 sea-mud & m>%-mud z f]tiliz]s1 are n valu$ z highly z !y ought to be 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y exi/ 9 imm5se quantities all along our seabo>d1 & may be _h 9 an unlimit$ ext5t = ! m]e labor ( transportation4 ,we hope t "s exp]im5ts may h]eaft] be made ) !m by "s ( our read]s on ! diff]5t k9ds ( crops1 & t !y w give u ! results4 ,! "t1 we ?9k1 is approa*+1 :5 sea-mud & m>%-soil w be z highly priz$ "h z !y n[ are 9 ,europe4 ,,sket*es ,,( ,,! ,,we/4--,,no4 ,,ii4 ,,plantation ,,( ,,mr4 ,,grey4--,"o ( ! be/ plantations1 especially = its f>m-build+s1 :i* we visit$ 9 ,k5tucky1 0 t ( ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,grey ( ,v]sailles4 ,! h\se1 z is usual 9 ! m s\!rn /ates1 /&s ne> ! c5tre ( ! doma9 on ris+ gr\nd1 & comm&s a f9e view ( ! c\ntry ar\nd4 ,x is 9 cottage /yle1 l>ge & roomy1 & flank$ by ?ick1 /rong *imneys1 built up outside ( ! gable ends4 ,a pretty y>d ( smoo? gre5-sw>d1 deck$ ) %rubb]y & ev]gre5s1 is enclos$ ar\nd ) po9t$ :ite pal+s1 & adjo9+ ?is is a noble p>k1 =m$ by m]ely und]bru%+ & ?9n+ out a few ( ! trees ( ! orig9al =e/4 ,^! are usually t]m$ wood-l& pa/ures 9 ,k5tucky2 yet 9 mo/ in/ances1 !y bett] des]ve ! "n ( p>k1 ?an _m ( ^? on noblem5's e/ates 9 ,europe4 ,,crops4--,mr4 ,grey's f>m be+ pr9cipally devot$ to /ock1 & :at is r unusual "h1 dairy products1 ! crops are b a second>y consid]ation4 ,hemp is ! ma9 "o to :i* he gives 8 att5tion2 & 9 addition to ?is1 he raises a suffici5cy ( corn & ! small] gra9s = 8 own consumption4 ,! rotation is mu* l t describ$ 9 our fir/ volume1 "u head ( ,t\rs 9 ,k5tucky4 ,,/ock4--,?is is v f9e inde$1 ,mr4 ,grey hav+ be5 highly spirit$ 9 ?is matt]4 ,8 ,%ort-,horns are *oice1 & q num]\s4 ,we p>ticul>ly admir$ ! c[ ,m>y ,ann1 ) ! calf at h] foot4 ,%e has a fa%ionable & airy =m2 an up-head1 & de]-l action2 h&les well1 & 9 addition to all ^!1 we 7 in=m$ t %e is an excell5t milk]4 ,?ree heif]s ( h] produce we also admir$2 ! two y\nge/ 7 /rik+ly l _! dam4 ,aft] ! ,%ort-,horns1 we 7 %[n a few good ,cotswold1 & ,s\?-,d[n %eep1 import$ direct f ,engl& by ,messrs4 ,bagg ,wait ( ,orange ,co41 9 ?is /ate4 ,! /ock-hogs are a cross ( ! ,b]k%ire ^u ! ,?9-,r9ds1 7a grade ,*9ese71 & !y make excell5t pork]s4 ,,f>m ,,build+s4--,^! are among ! mo/ complete we h se5 9 any place1 & we speak ( !m ) ! m pleasure1 because !y are blameably defici5t 9 f>m build+s ?r\gh\t ! :ole s\?we/4 ,! climate "h1 x is true1 is w>m] & mu* m op5 ?an at ! nor?2 b x is 9 ?is v op5ness1 t consi/s ! pr9cipal suff]+ ( ! /ock4 ,! gr\nd dur+ ?is "t is muddy1 cold1 & damp2 & worse1 consequ5tly1 = animals to repose ^u1 ?an :5 froz5 dry1 or cov]$ ) sn[4 ,sudd5 *anges are cont9ually tak+ place4 ,mild wea!r prevails = a few days1 relax+ ! sy/em2 ?is is !n foll[$ n unfrequ5tly by int5se cold2 ! !rmomet] s9k+ 9 #dh h\rs f #ee or #fj above1 to z]o1 & sometimes #h to #aj bel[ x4 ,^! sudd5 *anges are v injuri\s to man & bea/1 & f> m to be dread$ ?an ! /eady cold ( nor!rn latitudes2 & = ?is reason1 m att5tion %\ld be paid to ! w>m? ( _! dress on ! "p ( ! p "h1 & to ! h\s+ ( /ock1 ?an is g5]ally done4 ,x w\ld less5 disease1 add to _! longevity1 & give a h&som]1 full]1 & m heal?ful physical appe>ance4 ,b to return m imm$iately to our subject4 ,) ! exception ( ! usually res]v$ gangway on ! b>n-floor1 ! l[] /ory is devot$ to /ables4 ,^! are plank$1 & ea* animal is accommodat$ ) a sep>ate /all4 ,beh9d !m is a %all[ gutt]1 runn+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! /able1 :i* conducts ! liquid fall+ f ! animals into a cess-pool 9 ! y>d1 & is !re absorb$ by muck4 ,! solid manure is also equally c>efully sav$ & appli$ to ! l&1 & not)/&+ ! prov]bial f]tility ( ! soil ( ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,grey assur$ u t he consid]$ himself well paid 9 ! increase ( 8 crops1 = ! labor employ$ 9 ?us sav+ & apply+ 8 manure4 ,ov]-head 9 ! b>n are l(ts = hay & /raw2 a /raw-cutt] to prep>e !m = fe$+2 cribs & b9s = gra92 & a l>ge squ>e box ) heavy wood5 p\nd]s1 = ! h&s to p\nd up corn & cob into meal on ra9y days1 :5 !y c d no?+ else4 ,?is cob-meal is usually mix$ up ) wat]1 & all[$ to /& till x f]m5ts1 & is !n f$ to ! /ock4 ,,! ,,dairy4--,?is is a suffici5tly roomy build+1 ( "o /ory1 situat$ 9 a little dell a %ort di/ance f ! mansion4 ,"o ( ! gable ends abuts aga9/ a ne>ly p]p5dicul> cliff1 out ( :i* bur/s a cle> gurgl+ spr+1 t takes its c\rse ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! rocky floor ( ! dairy1 & !n f9ds its way into ! valley bel[4 ,"h is e conv5i5ce = mak+ butt] & *eese1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,grey excels4 ,we h dwelt ?us m9utely on ! plantation1 /ock1 & build+s ( ,mr4 ,grey1 because we consid] !m an excell5t example to foll[ 9 ,k5tucky2 & also = ! purpose ( giv+ our nor!rn read]s a g5]al idea ( ! husb&ry at ! we/1 ( :i* ! great majority ent]ta9 ! mo/ indef9ite notions imag9able4 ,,mr4 ,,h>t',s ,,plantation4--,aft] tak+ an e>ly d9n]1 ,mr4 ,grey ord]$ up 8 buggy1 & we />t$ = ,mr4 ,na?aniel ,h>t's4 ,?is 0 "s few miles (f1 yet 9 ord] to get !re we paid no att5tion to ! public roads1 b took our way ov] g5tle hill & dale1 ?r\gh woodl&-pa/ures1 & among fields conta9+ a hundr$ acres or m 9 ea*1 "u a s+le f5ce4 ,= ! purpose ( op5+ & %utt+ ! field-gates z we pass$1 we 7 accompani$ by an ebony ur*91 z out-rid]1 m\nt$ on ! b>e back ( a high-spirit$ gray nag1 :i* he rode ) no little address4 ,?is seem$ q a gala bus9ess = him2 & b>e-head$1 ) 8 ?ick woolly locks flutt]+ 9 ! w9d1 & 8 %irt-coll> wide op51 he w5t gr9n+ along1 n[ advanc+ at a h>d gallop1 & anon clos+ up at a fa/ trot1 sw++ op5 & %utt+ to ! gates1 %ak+ 8 pate1 & halloo+ to e animal t he ?\ght did n move ) suffici5t alacrity f our de/9$ pa?4 ,yo6 ho6 ,s y no move1 ,miss] ,c[--!n ,pompey make y1 & at h] he *>g$1 br&i%+ a long /ick1 l a ,cossack ( ! ,don ) 8 spe>1 ! gray nag at ! same "t lay+ back 8 e>s1 & op5+ 8 m\?1 & %[+ 8 tee?1 z if gr9n+ 9 fi]y sympa?y ) 8 r$\btable rid]1 & ready to dev\r ! animal t s sluggi%ly ob/ruct$ ! pa?4 ,b "o look f ! c[1 or :atev] bea/ x might be1 at ! horse & boy1 seem$ q en\gh2 & )\t wait+ fur!r h9ts1 !y w\ld %ake _! tails1 !n give !m a slight curl1 & set (f at a r\nd scamp]1 ! triumphant ,pompey foll[+ up _! c>e] a %ort di/ance1 s++ ) high satisfaction3-- ,i tell y s1 n[ ,miss] ,c[2 ,yo1 ho1 y g1 b[ w[1 b[ w[4 ,mr4 ,h>t's plantation is a v f9e "o1 & he is "o ( ! l>ge/ hemp-gr[]s 9 ,k5tucky4 ,he has done mu* to introduce a sy/em ( wat]-rott+ hemp 9 ponds1 :i* we ?9k is ! be/ & mo/ simple ( ! k9d yet tri$4 ,he has promis$ u a description ( ?is1 ) 8 late improvem5ts1 & we tru/ t we %all be favor$ ) x soon1 = ! b5efit ( ^? desir\s ( prep>+ _! hemp = m>ket by ! pond-wat]-rott+ process4 ,!re is s mu* 9 common ) ,k5tucky plantations1 t x is unnecess>y to dwell fur!r ^u p>ticul>s4 ,mr4 ,h>t's /ock ( cattle is pr9cipally d]iv$ f ! fir/ importation ( ! ,%ort-,horns into ,k5tucky1 9 #ahag4 ,he keeps a flock ( ab\t #hjj ,m]9o %eep1 :i*1 l[ z wool is1 he ?9ks make him z good1 if n a bett] return1 ?an any?+ else :i* 8 plantation produces4 ,%eep-husb&ry is attract+ mu* att5tion at pres5t 9 ,k5tucky4 ,x is a v sup]ior region inde$1 = %eep1 & if ! plant]s w\ld g judici\sly into ! f9e-wooll$ bre$s1 wool w\ld soon become an article ( l>ge export ) !m1 & a s\rce ( consid]able pr(it4 ,let x be rememb]$1 t ! *eap] & bett] wool c be produc$1 ! m !re w be consum$ ( x2 & ! *eap] & bett]1 wooll5 clo?s w be furni%$ 9 return4 ,we ne$ n fe> ov]/ock+ ! c\ntry 9 our g5]ation4 ,mr4 ,h>t keeps q a h]d ( de] 9 8 p>k1 & sev]al head ( elk4 ,^! la/1 ) _! l>ge bran*+ horns1 & l(ty1 erect heads1 h a noble appe>ance4 ,he =m]ly _h a few buffaloes1 b !y became s tr\blesome 9 break+ d[n f5ces1 & sally+ out :5ev] !y pleas$1 to ! great t]ror ( ! c\ntry r\nd1 t he 0 at la/ oblig$ to kill !m4 ,buffalo bulls get some:at f]oci\s z !y gr[ old1 & are r dang]\s animals on ! plantation4 ,:ile 9 ,k5tucky1 we pick$ up "s comic anecdotes ( _! do+s z !y turn$ out2 b a fea!r's weight 9 ! o!r scale might h made !m equally tragical2 & ^u ! :ole1 unless enclos$ )9 a f5ce t !y c\ld n break d[n1 we %\ld advise our fri5ds to es*ew keep+ buffaloes4 ,,bre$s ,,( ,,f[ls4 ,,9 p]us+ ! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,book1 :i* we notic$ 9 our ,octob] ,no41 we f9d ! foll[+ recomm5dation = select+ a /ock = ! p\ltry-y>d3-- ,! bett] practice w\ld seem to be1 9 ord] to make ! p\ltry-y>d mo/ pr(itable1 to select no p>ticul> bre$4 ,comm5ce ) pullets & cocks ( ! fir/ ye>1 ( all ! bre$s m5tion$ above1 except bantams1 & )\t any reg>d to color except+ ^? ( a pure :ite4 ,x w\ld be well1 if possible1 to select ! cocks f ! same y>d4 ,e ye> ex*ange a ne/-full ( eggs ) y\r neighbors1 or su* z h good f[ls4 ,by pursu+ /eadily ?is practice ( ex*ang+ eggs1 y w ye>ly infuse new blood into y\r /ock1 & avoid ! inconv5i5ce ( bre$+ 9 & 94 ,)\t be+ aw>e ( ?is fact1 _m f>m]s f9d _! /ock runn+ out1 c4 ,n[ ! above plan = =m+ a /ock = ! p\ltry-y>d we hold to be p]fectly absurd1 & "o might ) j ! same propriety1 advise m+l+ all ! diff]5t bre$s ( horses or cattle toge!r1 = ! purpose ( =m+ a good /ock1 z ! diff]5t v>ieties ( f[ls2 & we ne$ only consid] = "o mom5t1 ! incongruity ( ! mat]ials :i* =m !m1 to be conv9c$ ( ?is4 ,!re is ! pugnaci\s ,gamecock2 ! pheasant-%ap$ ,top-knot2 ! co>se ,malay2 ! ?ick-sk9n$ ,negro-f[l2 ! t5d] ,*9ese or ,m]9o2 ! tailless ,rumpless2 ! ,friesl&1 ) rev]s$ fea!rs2 ! %ort-legg$ ,creep]2 ! five-to$ ,dork+2 c41 c42 all ?r[n into "o helt]-skelt] mass1 ! prog5y ( :i* w\ld prove z contemptible a race ( mongrels z ev] grac$ a dung-hill1 & beyond ! prec9cts ( a dung-hill !y w\ld sc>cely be wor? remov+4 ,^? :o h mo/ em95tly succe$$ 9 bre$+ f[ls1 h adopt$ ! same c\rse 9 do+ s1 :i* is foll[$ by judici\s bre$]s ( animals2 & t is1 by /ick+ to ! bre$1 :5 x is a good "o1 9 its utmo/ purity2 *oos+ ! be/ ( ! flock f :i* to propagate1 & ?us cont9u+4 ,9-&-9 bre$+1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 :5 pursu$ by ^? :o ?or\ghly und]/& _! bus9ess1 has be5 productive ( ! be/ results4 ,! f9e/1 ! l>ge/1 & ! mo/ indomitable game-cocks h ?us be5 br$2 & if we possess$ a good bre$ ( p\ltry ( any k9d1 we %\ld be v c>eful h[ we ex*ang$ eggs ) our neighbors = ! purpose ( improv+ !m4 ,if !y _h a sup]ior /ock to our own1 ( ! same bre$1 we w\ld select f among !m gr[n birds only2 we %\ld !n "k :at we got1 & be able to make improvem5ts ^u ^? we already possess$4 ,x is by m+l+ all sorts ( bre$s toge!r1 )\t any def9ite notion z to ! results1 t _m f>m]s f9d _! /ock runn+ out2 & if e "o 7 to foll[ ?is c\rse1 we %\ld soon be )\t a s+le good f[l 9 our p\ltry-y>ds4 ,we really regret to see a book l ?is on ,am]ican ,p\ltry1 :i* 9 ! ma9 is a good little "w1 recomm5d su* a c\rse ( bre$+2 = 9 our humble judgm5t x is ! v wor/ :i* c\ld be pursu$4 ,we c n say t we mu* l ! au?or's advice ei!r1 z to ! *oice ( a cock4 ,:y he %\ld be re/less1 n v l>ge1 ) a ?ick & /\t bill1 long spurs1 c41 we c n div9e4 ,! be/ cocks we ev] kept1 & ^? ( ! mo/ indomitable c\rage1 :5 fight+ 0 necess>y1 7 ! mo/ quiet1 att5tive1 & polite 9 _! s]aglio3 !y 7 also ( r l>ge size = _! bre$2 ) f9e heads1 bills1 feet1 & legs4 ,,new ,,york ,,f>m]s' ,,club4 ,,! ,,f>m]s' ,club resum$ _! meet+s1 on ,tuesday1 ,nov4 #ac?1 at ! ,repository ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute4 ,! meet+ comm5c$ by read+ a communication f ! ,presid5t ( ! ,manhattan ,gas ,light ,company1 ,david ,c4 ,cold51 ,esq41 invit+ ! att5tion ( f>m]s1 & all int]e/$ 9 agriculture1 to ! value ( ! refuse ( gas-works z manure4 ,extracts f ! works ( ,liebig1 & ,john/on 7 !n read1 sett+ =? ! p[]ful f]tiliz+ prop]ties ( ammoniacal liquor1 ) :i* ! refuse ( gas-works is f\nd to be /rongly impregnat$4 ,aft] "s conv]sation on ! subject1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,/ev5s1 ,commodore ,de ,kay1 ,mr4 ,meigs1 & ,mr4 ,wakeman1 took "p1 z to ! be/ me?od ( dispos+ ( ?is communication1 x 0 resolv$ t x be ref]r$ to a committee consi/+ ( ,g54 ,tallmadge1 ,mr4 ,pr9ce1 ,g54 ,johnson1 ,col4 ,cl>ke1 & ,mr4 ,t[ns5d1 to report at ! next meet+ ( ! club4 ,mr4 ,william ,r4 ,pr9ce1 ( ,flu%+1 pres5t$ to ! meet+1 specim5s ( n9ete5 diff]5t v>ieties ( apples1 among :i* 7 sev]al ( v l>ge size & sup]ior quality4 ,mr4 ,meigs pres5t$ se$s ( a new v>iety ( squa%1 ! ,cucurbitur bicolor4 ,mr4 ,w>d1 cutt+s f a v9e :i* produc$ ripe ,isabella grapes on ! #e? ,septemb]4 ,a desultory conv]sation !n ensu$ z to ! future proce$+s ( ! club4 ,mu* div]sity ( op9ion appe>$ to exi/ z to ! propriety ( hold+ ! meet+s weekly1 =tnightly1 or mon?ly1 :5 a committee 0 appo9t$ to report ^u ! subject4 ,dr4 ,field next call$ ! att5tion ( ! club to a subject :i* he consid]$ des]v+ _! s]i\s att5tion1 viz3 ! pres5t condition ( ! *ildr5 n[ 9 ! alms-h\se on ,long ,isl&4 ,he ?\ght !y might be employ$ advantage\sly to !mselves & ! public1 ei!r 9 ! cultivation ( ! mulb]ry1 & g5]al managem5t ( silk1 or 9 horticultural occupations4 ,he !n proce$$ to describe ) feel+ eloqu5ce1 _! pres5t deplorable condition1 bo? morally & physically1 aris+ f ! sy/em ( idl5ess !y are n[ all[$ to pursue4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ,mr4 ,/ev5s1 & ,mr4 ,c>t]1 :o bo? agre$ t x 0 high "t "s /eps %\ld be tak5 to ameliorate ! condition ( ! poor *ildr51 & x 0 f9ally resolv$3 ,t a committee consi/+ ( ,dr4 ,field1 ,mr4 ,/ev5s1 & ,mr4 ,c>t]1 be appo9t$ to inve/igate ! subject1 & petition ! corporation t ! paup] *ildr5 ( ?is city1 n[ on ! ,long ,isl& f>m1 be employ$ 9 horticultural pursuits g5]ally1 & also 9 ! rais+ & manufacture ( silk4 ,mr4 ,/ev5s !n made "s rem>ks on ! subject ( wax-fl[]s & fruits1 a specim5 ( :i* 0 exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,lane4 ,mr4 ,/ev5s ?\ght t a model ( e new v>iety ( fruit ought to be tak5 9 wax1 & pres]v$ at ! ,repository ( ! ,in/itute4 ,a motion 0 made & c>ri$ t ! executive committee be in/ruct$ to consid] ! subject4 ,g54 ,tallmadge sugge/$ t a li/ ( donors ( fruits1 c41 be kept by ! secret>y1 & plac$ on ! records ( ! club at e meet+1 :i* 0 unanim\sly agre$ to4 ,! meet+ !n adj\rn$ to ,tuesday1 ! #bh? ,novemb]4 ,! foll[+ are ! extracts on refuse gas1 s5t to ! club by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,manhattan ,gas-,light ,company3-- ,if ! prop]ties ( manure1 & its ag5cy ^u ! gr[? ( ! vegetable _w1 c be expla9$ by *emi/ry1 we %all f9d ! ammoniacal liquor produc$ 9 gas-works1 to be a valuable sub/itute = ^? manures1 by ! application ( :i* x is int5d$ to supply ! soil ) nitrog54 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable manures is ur9e1 & its excell5ce dep5ds almo/ entirely ^u ! ammoniacal salts :i* x holds 9 solution4 ,! relative value ( ur9e z manure1 dep5ds ^u ! quantity ( nitrog5 ! diff]5t k9ds yield4 ,?us human ur9e is ! mo/ e/eem$1 & t ( horn$ animals ! lea/4--,clegg's ,treatise on ,gas-,mak+4 ,accord+ to ,liebig1 #edg p\nds ( human excrem5t conta9 #af4da p\nds ( nitrog52 a quantity suffici5t to yield ! nitrog5 ( #hjj p\nds ( :eat1 rye1 oats1 or ( #ijj p\nds ( b>ley4 ,h[ mu* m1 !n1 w be suppli$ f an equal weight ( ammoniacal liquor6 ,mr4 ,j4 ,watson1 ! manag] ( ! gas-works at ,kirriemuir1 has favor$ me ) ! foll[+ facts3-- ,! ammoniacal liquor on ! surface ( ! t>-well has be5 f\nd a v great improvem5t z a manure = rais+ crops ( grass 9 ?is qu>t]1 by be+ spr9kl$ on ! field 9 ! same way z wat] is put on public /reets 9 l>ge t[ns1 to keep d[n du/ 9 dry wea!r4 ,i h myself se5 an exp]im5t ( ?is tri$1 & c say t "p ( a field ( grass spr9kl$ 9 ?is way1 aft] ! fir/ cutt+1 0 f> sup]ior to any o!r "p ( ! field receiv+ manure ( any o!r k9d1 & t ! "p s spr9kl$1 or %[]$ ov]1 0 ready to be cut d[n a second "t 9 ! c\rse ( betwe5 f\rte5 days & ?ree weeks2 :]eas1 ! o!r "p ( ! field cut at ! same "t1 0 only beg9n+ to spr+ or rise f ! roots 9 t "t4 ,x mu/ be mix$ up be=e use ) f\r p>ts ( common wat]4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! said exp]im5t ( ! gas-wat] has be5 us$ by ,david ,nairn1 ,esq41 ,d\mkilba1 ne> ,meigle1 9 ?is neighborhood1 ) success2 & ,i am in=m$ t he has pur*as$ & tak5 a lease ( ! ammoniacal liquor f diff]5t gas-companies 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i am conv9c$ mu* good might be d]iv$ f diff]5t qualities ( ! refuse products ( gas-works z manure4 ,an inquiry into ?is subject w\ld remun]ate ! eng9e] or agriculturi/ to ! full1 & w\ld besides conf] a consid]able b5efit ^u 8 fell[s1 & give t practical pro( ( ! correctness ( a !ory s welcome to ! man ( sci5ce4 ,! f]tiliz+ p[] ( gypsum has be5 expla9$ by its suppos$ action on ! ammonia :i* is presum$ to exi/ 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,if ?is be ! true explanation1 a sub/ance conta9+ ammonia %\ld act at lea/ z en]getically4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! action ( foldy>d manure & ( putrid ur9e1 is suppos$ to dep5d *iefly on ! ammonia !y conta9 or give (f4 ,n[ among ! sub/ances conta9+ ammonia 9 l>ge quantity1 ! ammoniacal liquor ( ! gas-works is "o :i* c easily be obta9$1 & c be appli$ 9 a liquid /ate at v little co/4 ,x mu/ be previ\sly dilut$ ) wat] till its ta/e & smell become sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,i w\ld propose !re=e1 z a fur!r exp]im5t1 t along ) "o or m ( ! sub/ances above m5tion$1 ! ammoniacal liquor ( ! gas-works %\ld be tri$1 on a measur$ portion ( gr\nd1 &1 if possible1 9 ! same field4 ,soot z a manure is suppos$ to act p>tly1 if n *iefly 9 consequ5ce ( ! ammonia x conta9s4 ,9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 x is appli$ to potatoes & to :eat1 *iefly to ! latt]1 & ) great success4 ,9 ! wolds ( ,york%ire x is also appli$ l>gely to ! :eat-crop4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is frequ5tly us$ on grass l&4 ,i am n aw>e t x is ext5sively us$ on clov]4 ,i am incl9$ to anticipate t ! sulphur x conta9s1 9 addition to ammonia1 w\ld r5d] x useful to ?is plant4 ,at all ev5ts comp>ative exp]im5ts 9 ! same field ) ! gypsum & ! ammoniacal liquor1 are likely to lead to int]e/+ results4 99 99 99 ,( ammoniacal liquor #ajj or #bjj gallons p] acre1 accord+ to its /r5g?1 = ?is is con/antly v>y+4 ,x mu/ also be dilut$ ) s l>ge a quantity ( wat] z w r5d] x p]fectly ta/eless1 & is likely to prove mo/ b5eficial if laid on at sev]al successive p]iods4--,john/on's ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 "p #a4 ,sal ammoniac is probably too exp5sive an article to be employ$2 b sulphate ( ammonia may be _h ( ! :olesale *emi/ at a price consid]ably m reasonable1 & ! ammoniacal liquor ( ! gas-manufactories1 ?r\gh ! di/illation ( coal1 is a /ill *eap] commodity4--,liebig's ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,its efficacy z a manure is v\*$ = by _m :o h made trial ( x ^u _! l&4 ,see a communication by ,mr4 ,paynt] on gas-wat] z a manure4--,j\rnal ,royal ,ag4 ,soc41 ,no4 #a4 ,,! ,,next ,,annual ,,%[ ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,agricultural ,,society4 ,z ! annual %[ ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,agricultural ,society is n[ sure to br+ fifte5 to tw5ty ?\s& /rang]s into ! place :]e x may be held1 to pass ?ree or f\r days !re1 & sp5d _! money pretty freely1 x has become q an object ) ! diff]5t t[ns situat$ on ! great ?or\ghf>es1 to h ! exhibitions )9 _! b\nd>ies z (t5 z possible4 ,/rong movem5ts w be made = ^! h]eaft]2 b we tru/ t ! ,society w weigh well ! diff]5t claims pref]r$ = its favor1 & t no o!r consid]ation ?an ! public good1 & ! spread ( its influ5ce1 w h weight 9 its decisions4 ,albany1 ,syracuse1 & ,ro*e/]1 ea* hav+ _h ! advantage ( "o ( ^! meet+s1 o!r t[ns n[ are solicit+ ! l favor2 & among ^? :i* are pref]r+ _! claims = ! %[ ( #ahdd1 we und]/& t ,buffalo1 ,utica1 & ,p\ghkeepsie1 are ! mo/ prom95t4 ,p]haps z ! nor!rn & we/]n p>ts ( ! ,/ate h n[ _h ! b5efit ( ?ree ( ! exhibitions ( ! ,society1 x is no m ?an fair t "s att5tion be paid to ! s\!rn & ea/]n portions4 ,we h he>d ?is city nam$ z a v suitable place = ! %[ ( next ye>1 & ! only objection we c anticipate to x is1 t x is an extreme end ( ! ,/ate4 ,grant$2 & is n ,buffalo ! same8 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is1 we cont5d t ,new ,york or ,buffalo is j z fairly entitl$ 9 _! turn to "o ( ! exhibitions ( ! ,society1 z ,albany1 ,syracuse1 or ,ro*e/]4 ,h[ev]1 z our own int]e/s might be some:at s]v$ by a meet+ ( ! ,/ate ,society 9 ?is city1 we %all waive advocat+ its claims to "o = ! pres5t1 & cont5t ourselves ) /at+ ^? ( ,p\ghkeepsie4 #a4 ,?is t[n is #baj miles by ! usual travell$ r\te1 nor?we/ f ,montauk ,po9t1 ! s\!a/ end ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is is z great a di/ance z f ,p\ghkeepsie to ,syracuse1 & #da miles fur!r ?an ! railroad r\te1 ?\gh a circuit\s "o1 f ,syracuse to ,buffalo2 s t x may fairly be said to be ! hi!r-end ( a ?ird-"p ( ! limits ( ! ,/ate4 #b4 ,! population1 f ,dut*ess c\nty1 s\? & ea/1 includes ab\t "o f\r? ( t ( ! :ole ,/ate4 #c4 ,p\ghkeepsie is easy ( access by l& or wat]1 & be+ situat$ on ! ,hudson1 hundr$s ( /rang]s f ! neighbor+ ,/ates1 especially ! s\!rn ones1 w\ld visit a %[ "h1 :5 !y c\ld h>dly be induc$ to g f>!r nor? or we/1 & z ^! visit]s are always pur*as]s to a great] or less ext5t1 x is q an object to get !m to att5d4 #d4 ,?is t[n is ! capital ( "o ( ! olde/1 weal?ie/1 & mo/ popul\s c\nties ( ! ,/ate1 & ! "o ^: g5]al sy/em ( agriculture is probably m highly advanc$ ?an any o!r4 ,dut*ess1 & ! neighbor+ c\nties1 h also consid]able improv$ /ock--mu* m ?an we _h any idea ( till our rec5t excursions 9 ^! p>ts4 ,durham1 ,devon1 & ,ayr%ire cattle ab\nd2 sup]ior road & blood horses2 ,cotswold1 ,leice/]1 ,s\? ,d[n1 & num]\s flocks ( ,m]9o %eep2 ! products ( ! dairy2 agricultural implem5ts1 & roots1 se$s1 fruits1 fl[]s1 & dome/ic fabrics4 #e4 ,p\ghkeepsie is ready at h] own exp5se1 to build p5s = ! /ock1 & furni% all o!r ne$ful accommodation = ! ,society1 :i* w be a sav+ ( exp5se to x ( at lea/ #a1jjj4 ,la/ly1 !re is m accumulat$ weal? 9 ! s\!rn1 ?an o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & ! ,society1 by hold+ a fair proportion ( its %[s 9 ?is qu>t]1 w make itself _m /aun* fri5ds1 & be introduc$ to ?\s&s1 :o w\ld o!rwise be ignorant ( its great public m]its4 ,! ,agricultural ,society ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york is look$ up to z an example ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & x %\ld be c>eful to avoid ev5 ! appe>ance ( be+ p>tial or local 9 its proce$+s4 ,! national societies ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 adopt ! c\rse ( hold+ _! %[s 91 n only ! c5tral1 b ! extreme p>ts ( ! k+dom2 & ?is is "o great reason ( _! popul>ity among all classes4 ,t\r 9 ,engl&4 ,no4 #ae4 ,,?9k+ t our read]s _h become some:at satiat$ ) s mu* ^u =eign matt]s z h hi!rto f\nd place 9 ?is j\rnal1 we _h desi/$ = sev]al mon?s pa/1 giv+ sket*es ( ! agriculture ( ,engl&2 b hav+ rec5tly receiv$ s _m solicitations to cont9ue !m1 we aga9 take up ! subject1 & %all pursue x pretty regul>ly ?r\gh ! :ole ( our ?ird volume1 if su* seems to be ! pleasure ( a majority ( our subscrib]s4 ,p]haps1 to ^!1 we may also add sket*es ( "s ?+s we saw 9 ,russia1 ! recollections ( :i* are v pleasant1 at lea/ to u1 yet :e!r we %all make !m equally s 9 relat+ !m to o!rs1 rema9s to be se54 ,,*atswor?1 ,,seat ,,( ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,devon%ire4--,9 return+ f ,york%ire to ,london on ! ,nor? ,midl& railroad1 we /opp$ at ! ,*e/]field /ation1 = ! purpose ( mak+ an excursion to ,*atswor?1 to view ! celebrat$ g>d5s & imm5se cons]vatory ( ?is sup]b place4 ,x 0 a raw morn+ 9 ,augu/1 & z we jump$ f a conf9$ seat 9 ! rail-coa*1 we 7 glad to be on our feet once m1 & h an opportunity ( r\s+ our blood by a sm>t walk f ! /ation into ! t[n4 ,we /opp$ at ! ,angel inn1 took a he>ty breakfa/1 & :ile wait+ a gig be+ made ready to convey u to ,*atswor?1 /epp$ out = a /roll ov] ! place4 ,*e/]field is a d+y old t[n1 ( ab\t #f1jjj inhabitants1 & has little to recomm5d x to ! notice ( /rang]s1 save ! spire ( ,all ,sa9ts' ,*ur*4 ,?is rises to ! height ( #bcj feet1 is curi\sly *annel$1 & cov]$ ) lead1 & is s mu* out ( p]p5dicul>1 z to attract m>k$ att5tion 9 pass+ x1 ev5 :5 at a consid]able di/ance4 ,x be+ m>ket-day1 ! t[n 0 ?rong$ ) f>m]s f ! c\ntry1 expos+ /ock & agricultural products 9 ! squ>e = sale4 ,!re 0 little 9 ^!1 h[ev]1 des]v+ p>ticul> att5tion1 & aft] giv+ !m a ha/y look1 we return$ to ! inn4 ,z we came up1 a dapp] wait] ann\nc$ ! oss & gig z hall ready2 :5 9 we jump$1 & set out = ,*atswor? at a r\nd pace1 di/ant1 if we recollect "r1 ab\t #h miles4 ,d]by%ire possesses ! wilde/ & mo/ brok5 sc5]y ( any c\nty 9 ,engl&1 & aft] pass+ ov] ! flat surface ( ,york%ire1 x 0 q a relief to f9d ourselves trott+ up & d[n along a road w9d+ picturesquely ar\nd high hills1 & ov] deep n>r[ dales4 ,an h\r's drive or s1 br\ght u to ! pretty little village ( ,ed5sor1 close by ! inn ( :i*1 is ! entrance to ,*atswor?4 ,! village is situat$ )9 ! p>k1 & is ! prop]ty ( ! ,duke1 & c]ta9ly x is ! mo/ *>m+ "o we ev] saw4 ,e cottage is ( /one1 & no two alike 9 _! ar*itecture4 ,"o is a mimic ,go?ic ca/le2 ano!r a cottage orne2 a ?ird 9 ! ,elizabe?an1 a f\r? 9 ! ,swiss1 & p]haps a fif? 9 ! ,tudor /yle4 ,ev]y?+ !n 0 s complete ab\t !m--! pretty g>d5s full ( fl[]s--! h$ges s neatly trimm$--! y>ds1 laid d[n ) ! gre5e/ & s(te/ ( turf1 & ! %rubb]y s ta/efully plant$6 ,^! 7 ! resid5ces ( ! labor]s on ! e/ate1 ! possession ( :i* any "o might envy !m1 & desire to be able to call 8 home4 ,atta*$ to ! village is a f9e old *ur*1 & ar\nd x an ample y>d1 h&somely wall$ 9 ) /rong mason-"w4 ,altoge!r1 ?is village is q a gem 9 its way1 & we 7 go+ to add1 an epitome ( its own]'s he>t2 = on all 8 e/ates1 :e!r 9 ,engl& or ,irel&1 ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire has made x a po9t to protect & b\ntifully provide = 8 p4 ,!re is no want1 or suff]+1 or seek+ ! poor-h\se1 by ! t5antry1 all[$ by ?is k9d-he>t$1 b5evol5t man4 ,turn+ f ,ed5sor1 & asc5d+ a m\nd-l hill to ! left ( ! c>riage-road1 ! palace & ! gr\nds ( ,*atswor? appe> to ! greate/ advantage4 ,imm$iately bel[ is ! riv] ,d]w5t1 trac+ its sp>kl+ c\rse ?r\gh a ri* vale1 :]e 7 p]haps #a1ejj de] br[s+ or tak+ _! gambols4 ,a h&some /one bridge spans ! riv]1 & j beyond1 ! gr\nd rises 9 t]races to a n>r[ pla91 :]e /& ! noble palace1 ) its out-build+s1 & ! imm5se cons]vatory1 9 magnific5t gr&eur4 ,back ( ^! rises a l(ty hill1 ! /eep sides ( :i* are ?ickly plant$ ) =e/-trees1 & ! summit is cr[n$ ) a high t[] ( octagonal %ape1 built ( /one4 ,we 7 receiv$ at ! palace-gate by a s]vant 9 h&some liv]y1 & pass+ into ! gall]y ( ! c\rt1 a f9e he>ty girl made h] appe>ance to conduct u ov] ! build+4 ,! front ( ! palace is #cej feet1 & "o ( ! side w+s ab\t #djj feet long1 & ?is :ole area conta9s a s]ies ( ap>tm5ts call$ ! draw+-room suite4 ,an entire numb] ( ?is pap] w\ld h>dly suffice to give ! read] a complete description ( ^! magnific5t rooms1 & ! treasures ( art !y conta91 we !re=e pass !m ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,f ^! we /roll$ into ! orang]y1 :i* is ab\t #cj feet wide1 & #bjj feet long4 ,x is full ( beautiful exotics1 & among !m 7 sev]al specim5s ( ! ,rhodod5dron ,arboreum1 :i* bore1 ! prec$+ summ]1 ov] #b1jjj fl[]s4 ,we n[ walk$ out to ! lawn 9 front ( ! palace1 :]e "o ( ! "u-g>d5]s appe>$ to conduct u ov] ! gr\nds4 ,^! are extremely beautiful1 ) wall$ t]races 9 ! ,italian /yle1 & f\nta9s4 ,"o jet d'eau ?r[s up a column #ij feet high4 ,b ! great %[ "h 9 ! way ( wat]-works1 is ! cascade4 ,x is entirely artificial1 & mu/ h be5 made at a great exp5se4 ,! wat] ru%es out f a s]ies ( lakes on top ( ! hill1 & comes p\r+ d[n its side1 tak+ a leap ( ab\t #hj feet f "o ( ! ar*es1 & !n falls = a l5g? ( #cjj y>ds ov] a s]ies ( #bd l$ges1 & disappe>s amid/ masses ( rock1 on ! edge ( ! lawn4 ,"h x f9ds a subt]ranean passage to ! riv] ,d]w5t4 ,^! wat]-works are look$ ^u by "s critics ) affect$ contempt2 n s ) u1 h[ev]1 we greatly admir$ !m 9 _! way2 & yet we h se5 ,niag>a a ?\s& times1 & _h a peep at mo/ ( ! o!r wat]-falls wor? look+ at 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h no sympa?y ) su* hyp]critics z pr(ess a di/a/e to ! cascade at ,*atswor?3 z a "w ( art1 x is a magnific5t ?+1 & to our eye1 9 keep+ ) ! palace & gr\nds2 & we view$ x ) int]e/4 ,a bronze tree a little f>!r on1 excit$ /ill great] curiosity ) u ?an ! cascade1 = x 0 made to act ! "p ( a f\nta91 by ?r[+ wat] f a ?\s& sprigs & leaves all ar\nd 9 a %[] ( spray4 ,b leav+ ?is & ! exquisite sc5]y ( ! lawn1 we pass$ on by a w9d+ c>riage-road to a %ort di/ance to ! cons]vatory4 ,?is 0 #cej feet long1 #aej feet wide1 & ne>ly #gj feet high2 & :5 fully complet$1 is to h an additional l5g? ( #aej feet4 ,! ro( is an ar*1 & is cov]$ ) plate glass ( ! be/ k9d1 & s ?ick z to resi/ ! heavie/ hail4 ,x is heat$ by iron tubes ( hot wat]1 & to ^! are add$ o!rs = cold wat]1 & ! :ole1 if /ret*$ out to a s+le l5g?1 we 7 in=m$ w\ld ext5d ne>ly six miles4 ,! plants & trees "h are di/ribut$ 9 op5 bord]s1 ea* class be+ plac$ 9 ! soil mo/ prop] = x1 & ! temp]ature s regulat$ z to suit _! natural /ate z ne>ly z possible4 ,n f> f ! c5tre is an imm5se rock]y ris+ ab\t #ej feet high1 & f ! fissures ( ! ?ick slabs ( /one t compose x1 ! cactus & o!r plants gr[ out z 9 _! natural /ate4 ,half way up ?is huge precipice is a little lake ) islets1 & 9 ?is1 wat]-lilies & o!r aquatic plants ( ! r>e/ & mo/ beautiful k9ds4 ,a wild goat pa? leads to ! top ( ! rock]y1 & b5ea? x is a wide1 deep cave4 ,! v>iety ( %rubs & plants 9 ?is imm5se cons]vatory is v great2 "s ( ! trees already rea* ne>ly to ! top ( ! ro(1 & o!rs pres5t$ dim5sions gigantic 9 ! extreme = ^? )9 a gre5-h\se4 ,!re are wide fold+-doors at ea* end ( ! cons]vatory1 & any "t he pleases1 ! ,duke c h a drive ) 8 coa* & f\r horses ?r\gh x4 ,tak+ x altoge!r1 x is by f> ! mo/ magnific5t ?+ ( ! k9d we h ev] se54 ,! :ole co/ ( x is n less ?an half a million ( doll>s1 :i* is b a little ov] ! pres5t annual income ( its weal?y possessor4 ,aft] leav+ ! cons]vatory1 we took a zig-zag road1 & asc5d$ ?r\gh ! =e/ to ! cr[n ( ! hill by ! octagonal t[]4 ,a peasant family 0 resid+ "h1 :o p]mitt$ u to asc5d x to ! top4 ,! view f ?is is no less ext5sive ?an beautiful1 ( ,*atswor? & ! wild brok5 c\ntry ar\nd4 ,desc5d+ f ?is high p]* we _h q a *at ) ! peasant's wife4 ,%e in=m$ u t ! t[] 0 built by a pr$ecessor ( ! pres5t ,duke1 = ! purpose ( giv+ ! ladies at ! palace an opportunity ( see+ ! fox-hunt+ :i* =m]ly took place at ,*atswor?4 ,^u tak+ leave1 ! good woman direct$ a little rosy-fac$ daught] to %[ u ! lakes on ! hill1 ! s\rces ( ! cascade & f\nta9s bel[4 ,aft] some?+ ( a /roll ?r\gh ! woods1 we f\nd two l>ge expanses ( wat] belt$ 9 by ?ick r[s ( ! l>* & fir1 & app>5tly z isolat$ z if 9 a wild =e/ ( our own c\ntry4 ,! :ite swan & ! black are kept "h1 & mo/ o!r k9ds ( curi\s wat]-f[l4 ,our pretty guide answ]$ all our inquiries ) intellig5ce1 & at p>t+ we gave h] a small gu]don1 = :i* %e return$ a grateful ?ank'e zur & a l[ c\rtesy1 & !n1 ) ! lightness ( a "y fawn1 skipp$ into ! woods1 & imm$iately disappe>$4 ,desc5d+ ! hill t[>d ! palace we came to ! /ables4 ,^! are v ext5sive1 ( quadrangul> %ape1 & l>ge c\rty>ds )94 ,at a di/ance1 ) _! impos+ ar*itecture1 !y might almo/ pass = ! palace itself4 ,we n[ b5t our /eps to ! h\se ( ! celebrat$ ,mr4 ,paxton1 ! head g>d5] ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 editor ( ! ,magaz9e ( ,botany :i* be>s 8 "n1 & "o ( ! fir/ botani/s ( ,engl&4 ,8 resid5ce is )9 ! p>k1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f ! palace1 & is a roomy1 beautiful cottage1 completely envelop$ 9 fl[]s & fl[]+ %rubb]y1 ) a h&some little cons]vatory at ! end4 ,mu* to our regret1 he 0 n at home2 b a sub-g>d5]1 q an intellig5t man1 volunte]$ to %[ u ! g>d5s4 ,!y occupy #ab acres1 & are enclos$ by a ?ick1 brick wall1 ab\t twelve feet high4 ,"h are ! exp]im5tal & kit*5 g>d5s1 & hundr$s ( fruit-be>+ espali]s1 tra9$ up ! walls4 ,9 addition to ^! !re are =c+ pits 9 abundance1 & upw>d ( #bj hot-h\ses1 ab\t #cjj feet long ea*1 devot$ to diff]5t purposes1 "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive ( :i* is ! gr[+ ( p9e apples4 ,all ^! ?+s may be consid]$ v extravagant1 b 9 support+ !m1 ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire has done mu* = ! cause ( sci5ce1 & has conf]r$ a la/+ b5efit on 8 c\ntry4 ,we left ,*atswor? ) regret2 ! day we sp5t !re we w\ld h gladly prolong$ to a week1 & !n we %\ld h ga9$ b an imp]fect k ( ! treasures ( nature & art :i* are /or$ up "h = ! admiration ( ?\s&s ( visit]s4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots 0 "s "t a prison] "h2 s also 0 ,m>%al ,tall>d1 :o 0 captur$ at ! battle ( ,bl5heim4 ,:at 7 ! ?\ghts ( ! beautiful ,que5 ^u tak+ leave ( x1 hi/ory does n record2 b ! ,m>%al1 no less gracefully ?an happily1 said3 ,:5 ,i return to ,france & reckon up ! days ( my captivity 9 ,engl&1 ,i %all leave out all ^? ,i h sp5t at ,*atswor?4 ,& s ?\ght we1 paus+ on ! m\nd-l hill aga91 z we retrac$ our /eps to ,ed5sor1 & ca/ a la/ l+]+ look ^u ! p>k1 & palace1 & =e/ hills 9 ! backgr\nd1 lit up by ! cle>1 glori\s sun j s9k+ b5ea? ! horizon4 ,,agricultural ,,%[s4 ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,society held its annual %[ at ! ,lamb tav]n1 ,octob] #d1 #e1 & #f4 ,! ,g]mant[n ,telegraph /ates1 9 ! ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,arrangem5ts1 t ! display ( horses 0 unusually attractive1 exhibit+ ! v>i\s bre$s = ! turf1 road1 & f>m1 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,! ,durham cattle seem at la/ to be gett+ ! bett] ( prejudice 9 t qu>t]1 & 9 _! sup]ior =ms & deep milk+ qualities1 h %am$ ne>ly ev]y?+ else f ! gr\nd1 save a few f9e ,devons & capital grade ,durham milk]s4 ,( %eep & sw9e1 !re 7 v few pres5t1 :i* is ! m to be regrett$1 z ^! animals exi/ 9 consid]able numb]s & ( sup]ior bre$s ?r\gh\t ! neighbor+ c\nties ( ,montgom]y1 ,delaw>e1 ,*e/]1 & ,lanca/]4 ,( ,agricultural ,implem5ts & ,products !re 0 a good %[1 & ! ,pl[+-,mat* prov$ an int]e/+ affair4 ,pet] ,a4 ,br[ne1 ,esq41 deliv]$ ! address1 :i* we f9d at l5g? 9 ! ,f>m]s' ,cab9et4 ,among o!r ?+s1 he cont5ds no less /r5u\sly ?an ju/ly = ! e/abli%m5t ( ,agricultural s*ools & ,pr(essor%ips4 ,f ano!r "p ( ! address we subjo9 a few sugge/ions4 ,fir/1 !n1 x is fe>$ t our agricultural fri5ds h n yet paid all ! att5tion t ! subject dem&s1 to a judici\s rotation ( crops1 adapt$ to our climate2 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to roots4 ,second4 ,mu* has be5 done1 t is beyond all praise1 9 insur+ ! be/ bre$s ( cattle4 ,:ile we he> pron\nc$ ) gratitude1 ! names ( ,mease1 ,p[ell1 ,brantz1 ,clay1 ,g[51 & ,kelley1 let u n =get t ! task is n f9i%$4 ,?ird4 ,soil+1 x is appreh5d$1 has be5 too mu* neglect$ by mo/ ,am]ican husb&m54 ,f\r?4 ,irrigation has also be5 too little att5d$ to 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fif?4 ,prop] c>e & precaution h n be5 suffici5tly be/[$ ^u ! selection ( se$s4 ,?is is a subject ( ! greate/ importance4 ,six?4 ,mu* is yet to be le>n$ 9 reg>d to ! pres]vation & economical use ( manure4 ,sev5?4 ,! introduction1 m g5]ally1 ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! it9]ant ?ra%+-ma*9e1 des]ves to be m5tion$4 ,eigh?4 ,g>d5+ & rais+ fruit are mu* neglect$ by our f>m]s4 ,x is respectfully sugge/$ t special committees might1 ) advantage1 be rais$ ^u ^! & o!r useful topics1 to report at ! next annual meet+4 ,p5nsylvania conta9s ne>ly ?irty millions ( acres4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahdj1 %e _h a population ( "o million sev5 hundr$ & odd ?\s&s1 :i* is n9ete5 acres & a fraction = ea* inhabitant4 ,9 #ahdb1 %e rais$1 ( gra9s ( all k9ds1 upw>d ( sixty millions ( bu%els2 ( potatoes1 ne>ly ?irte5 millions ( bu%els2 ( hay1 upw>d ( two millions & a qu>t] ( tons2 ( flax & hemp1 upw>d ( ?ree ?\s& ?ree hundr$ tons2 ( tobacco1 f\r hundr$ & eighty ?\s& tons2 ( silk1 upw>d ( tw5ty-"o ?\s& p\nds2 ( sug>1 ne>ly ?ree millions & a half ( p\nds2 & ( w9es1 ne>ly eighte5 ?\s& gallons4 ,,! ,,h5rico ,,society held its ?ird annual %[ at ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 ,novemb] #a/4 ,! proce$+s are publi%$ 9 ! ,ri*mond ,enquir]4 ,! ,executive ,committee reports1 t al?\gh !re is a fall+ (f 9 its receipts1 !re is an increas$ int]e/ & att5tion to its proce$+s by ! plant]s4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,botts1 ,editor ( ! ,s\!rn ,plant]1 made ! address1 f :i* we subjo9 an extract4 ,?is society 0 organiz$ & has be5 *iefly support$ by a few public-spirit$ g5tlem5 9 ! neighborhood4 ,its b5eficial effects are felt & se5 by all ( y4 ,to =m a prop] appreciation ( !m1 y h only to ride 9 any direction ab\t ! suburbs ( ! city4 ,rude gr\nds h be5 conv]t$ into productive g>d5s1 & b>r5 wa/es into smil+ fields4 ,i recollect a lady's say+ to me la/ summ]1 t %e meant to make h] husb& become a memb] ( ?is society1 because x _h done s mu* to beautify ! rides & walks ab\t ! city4 ,%e decl>$ ! "t _h be5 :5 x gave h] a fit ( ! horrors1 7%e 0 a n]v\s lady17 to ord] h] c>riage = an ev5+ drive2 b t n[1 !re 0 no?+ t %e & h] *ildr5 enjoy$ s mu*4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,let him :o has be5 famili> ) y\r m>ket = ! la/ eight or t5 ye>s1 comp>e its pres5t abundant supplies ( ! f9e/ fruits & vegetables1 ) ! meag] exhibition ( =m] days2 &1 aft] all1 let u be z s5tim5tal z we w1 a good m>ket plays a v important "p 9 ! com$y ( human happ9ess4 ,our m]*ants & me*anics too %\ld rememb]1 t ^! exhibitions are annually becom+ m & m attractive1 & t !y are by no means ineffici5t 9 increas+ ! trade ( ! city4 ,b1 ov] & above all consid]ations ( doll>s & c5ts1 let u1 "o & all1 come =w>d & enrol our names z memb]s ( ?is association1 :i* repres5ts ! great agricultural int]e/ ( ! /ate1 & :i* %\ld be ! pride & ornam5t ( its metropolis4 ,,lake ,,c\nty ,,society4--,! %[ ( ?is society took place at ,m$9a1 ,ohio1 & a complete acc\nt ( its proce$+s may be f\nd 9 ! ,pa9sville ,telegraph4 ,9 addition to ! usual %[ ( /ock1 c41 an ext5sive procession 0 got up ( wagons & c>riages1 prec$$ by b&s ( music4 ,"o ( ^! held no less ?an #ce ladies1 engag$ 9 ! laudable occupations ( knitt+1 sew+1 sp9n+1 & v>i\s o!r dome/ic employm5ts4 ,we wi% we c\ld *ronicle m su* indu/rial displays1 = we consid] !m an excell5t feature 9 agricultural %[s4 ,,b\rbon ,,c\nty ,,society ,,( ,,k5tucky4--,we le>n f ! ,p>is ,citiz51 t ! ,eigh? ,annual %[ ( ?is ,society took place ne> ,p>is1 & cont9u$ ?ree days1 & is said to be ! l>ge/ & mo/ v>i$ ev] held 9 ,k5tucky4 ,! fir/ two days 7 devot$ to ! exhibition ( dome/ic animals1 agricultural products1 & f>m+ implem5ts2 ! ?ird day1 to t ( dome/ic manufactures4 ,! %[ ( horses pres5t 0 consid]$ v sup]ior2 !y 7 ( all v>ieties1 f ! mettlesome ?or\gh-br$1 to ! enorm\s c>t-horse4 ,! ,durhams & o!r horn$ /ock 7 well repres5t$1 & gave evid5ce 9 _! spl5did proportions ( ! sup]iority ( ,k5tucky pa/ures4 ,! desc5dants are said to be an improvem5t ov] ! orig9al importations f ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,clay 0 pres5t1 & _h a sup]b pair ( blankets pres5t$ him by ,mrs4 ,james ,hut*craft4 ,^! 7 made f ! wool ( ,leice/] %eep1 & 7 ( uncommon size & ?ickness1 weigh+ #bc lbs4 ! pair4 ,on ! pres5tation ( ^! blankets1 ,mr4 ,clay 0 address$ by ! ,hon4 ,g>rett ,davis1 ,m4 ,c41 & he repli$ 9 8 usual elegant & happy mann]4 ,,hamp%ire1 ,,hampd51 ,,& ,,frankl9 ,,society1 ,,massa*usetts4--,! unit$ %[ = ! ?ree weal?y & popul\s c\nties above1 came (f at ! beautiful t[n ( ,nor?ampton1 on ! #ah? & #ai? ,octob]1 & we mu* regret on m acc\nts ?an "o1 t we c\ld n1 be pres5t4 ,! ,bo/on ,cultivator furni%es a full report4 ,a l>ge numb] ( work+-ox5 ( c\rse 7 pres5t1 & to ^! 7 add$ "s sup]b fat ox51 exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,sumn] ,*ap94 ,! committee :o report$ ^u ?is subject1 attributes ! sup]iority ( ! cattle to ! l>ge infusion ( ,%ort-,horn blood 9 _! ve9s1 & h5ce _! f9e symmetry1 light (fal1 & increas$ weight ( fle% on ! m valuable p>ts1 z comp>$ ) native /ock :5 fatt5$ = ! %ambles4 ,mr4 ,paoli ,la?rop exhibit$ "s *oice ,%ort-,horns4 ,( native c[s ! committee ?us speak3-- ,( ! t5 c[s ent]$ = ! premium z native animals1 ne>ly or all h an int]mixture ( ,%ort-,horn or o!r =eign blood4 ,we aw>d$ to ,mr4 ,m9or ,hit*cock ! fir/ premium 9 ?is class4 ,9 8 writt5 /atem5t to u x appe>s t h] av]age product 9 milk = ! six mon?s1 end+ #a/ ,octob]1 0 #di lbs4 p] day1 & 9 ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july1 #eh lbs4 p] day4 ,9 butt]1 h] av]age product 9 ! same "t 0 m ?an #aa lbs4 p] week1 & 9 ! mon? ( ,july alone1 ne>ly #ad lbs4 p] week2 yet 9 ! same "t he us$ ! necess>y milk & cream = 8 family ( f\r p]sons4 ,y\r committee h entire confid5ce 9 ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,hit*cock2 yet x is prop] "h to rem>k1 t f 8 acc\nt ( h]1 & ?\gh aw>d$1 a premium z a native animal1 %e p>takes highly ( ! blood ( ! ,%ort-,horns4 ,9 ! two classes ( animals ent]$ z ( native & =eign orig9 x is obvi\s t a prop] discrim9ation 0 n made2 = 9 "s ( ! =m] !re is evid5tly m ( ! blood ( di/9ct import$ races ?an ! latt]4 ,yet y\r committee deem$ x _! duty to aw>d ! premiums ( ! society to ! two classes z !y f\nd !m4 ,n[ "h x is1 mo/ ev]y:]e t our native c[s are f\nd excell+ z milk]s1 we c trace a portion ( _! blood1 7usually ! greate/ %>e17 to ! ,durhams1 & yet !re are ^? :o are con/antly decry+ ! ,%ort-,horns = n be+ milk]s4 ,v]ily a few p>ticul> p are v h>d to be conv9c$4 ,x is our int5tion h]eaft] to make up a table ( ! milk+ qualities ( ! ,%ort-,horns & _! grades1 & any "o possess+ in=mation ^u ?is subject1 we %all be glad by _! communicat+ ! same to u4 ,mr4 ,paoli ,la?rop ( ,s\? ,hadley took ! fir/ premiums on ,durham bulls & heif]s4 ,mr4 ,ira ,f5ton ( ,bel*]t[n on ,durham c[s4 ,mr4 ,sumn] ,*ap9 ( ,spr+field1 ! fir/ premiums on ,fat ,cattle & ,work+-,ox54 ,,sale ,,( ,,ramb\illet ,,m]9os4 --,mr4 ,na?aniel ,h>t1 ,jr41 ( ,k5tucky1 has j pass$ ?r\gh ?is city on 8 way home1 hav+ 9 company ) him ?ree ,ramb\illet ,m]9o bucks1 pur*as$ ( ,mr4 ,d4 ,c4 ,coll9s ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,mr4 ,h>t has kept a l>ge flock ( ! old-fa%ion$ ,m]9os = "s "t1 on 8 plantation at ,v]sailles1 ,wood=d c\nty1 & has pur*as$ ^! f9e bucks1 z ! be/ animals :i* c\ld be f\nd1 = ! purpose ( mak+ improvem5ts ^u !m4 ,k5tucky w h 9 ^! ,ramb\illets a valuable addition to h] %eep /ock1 & we recomm5d _! produce 9 advance1 to ! bre$]s ( ! we/]n c\ntry4 ,we und]/& ,mr4 ,coll9s has rec5tly met ) a great dem& = 8 %eep1 & t he has n[ dispos$ ( all he has to sp>e ?is ye>4 ,we congratulate him ^u x1 & take "s cr$it to ourselves1 = call+ public att5tion to 8 v valuable import$ flock4 ,,%eep-,,dogs4 --,! price ( a well-broke %eep-dog is #be to #cj4 ,!y ought always to be accompani$ by _! %eph]ds1 z !y are taught to manage %eep 9 a peculi> way1 :i* none b regul>ly-br$ %eph]ds und]/&4 ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,n4 ,y4 ,,/ate ,,agricultural ,,society4 --,! annual meet+ ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,agricultural ,society1 w be held at ! ,society's room 9 ! ,old ,/ate ,hall1 ,albany1 on ! #c;d ,w$nesday1 7! #ag?17 ( ,janu>y1 #ahdd1 at #aj o'clock1 ,a4 ,m4 ,p]sons int5d+ to compete = ! ,society's premiums on field-crops1 essays1 c41 are rem9d$ t _! /atem5ts & essays mu/ be s5t to ! ,record+ ,secret>y1 ,albany1 be=e ! fir/ ( ,janu>y4 ,presid5ts ( ,c\nty ,agricultural ,societies are also reque/$ to transmit ! reports requir$ by ! /atute1 to ! ,record+ ,secret>y1 previ\s to ! annual meet+4 ,,lu!r ,,tuck]1 ,rec4 ,sec'y4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,premiums ,( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute4--,cont9u$4 ,,fl[]s4 ,william ,k5t1 ,brooklyn1 ,l4 ,i41 = sup]ior dahlias1 includ+ "s extra-f9e ,am]ican se$l+s--gold m$al4 ,george ,c4 ,?orburn1 #ae ,john /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = a ri* display ( dahlias--gold m$al4 ,daniel ,boll1 ,bloom+dale1 ,n4 ,y41 = a f9e assortm5t ( dahlias1 includ+ "s f9e ,am]ican se$l+s--silv] m$al4 ,?omas ,hogg ,sons1 #gi? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = a good assortm5t ( dahlias--,mrs4 ,l\don's ,fl[] ,g>d54 ,william ,r4 ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i41 = num]\s v>ieties ( dahlias--,d[n+'s ,rural ,ar*itecture4 ,?omas ,addis ,emmet1 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,n4 ,y4--,t4 ,cremm9s1 g>d5]--= a sup]ior display ( dahlias--,d[n+'s ,cottage ,ar*itecture4 ,william ,phelan ,sons1 #e? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = a f9e display ( dahlias--,hovey's ,magaz9e4 ,william ,reid1 #cd? /reet & #d? av5ue1 ,n4 ,y41 = an excell5t assortm5t ( dahlias--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,william ,laird1 #ag? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = an ornam5tal frame1 decorat$ ) fl[]s--,hovey's ,magaz9e4 ,james ,l4 ,l4 ,f4 ,w>r51 ,brighton1 ,mass41 = a beautiful b\quet ( fl[]s--silv] m$al4 ,mrs4 ,j]emiah ,br[n1 ,brooklyn1 ,l4 ,i41 = a beautiful vase ( fl[]s--,mrs4 ,l\don's ,fl[] ,g>d54 ,j4 ,b4 ,mantel1 #df? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = an ornam5tal frame1 decorat$ ) fl[]s--,am]ican ,fl[]-,g>d5 ,directory4 ,daniel ,boll1 ,bloom+dale1 ,n4 ,y41 = num]\s v>ieties ( ! rose1 & o!r r>e fl[]s--,mrs4 ,l\don's ,fl[] ,g>d54 ,samuel ,m4 ,cox1 ,bloom+dale road1 ,n4 ,y41 = a beautiful /& ( fl[]s--,am]ican ,fl[]-,g>d5 ,directory4 ,william ,beekman1 #aaj ,n9? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = a f9e supply ( dahlias--,hovey's ,magaz9e4 ,isaac ,bu*anan1 #bi? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = two vases ( r>e fl[]s--#a ,vol4 ( ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,to ,alfr$ ,bridgeman1 ,j4 ,boyce1 ,a4 ,p4 ,cumm+s1 ,william ,davison1 ,j4 ,ettr+ham1 ,william ,v4 ,legget1 ,mrs4 ,mc,farlane1 ,george ,ma9e1 ,william ,ross1 ,samuel ,ru?1 ,grant ,?orburn1 ,jr41 ,l4 ,van ,wyck1 ,edw>d ,:ite1 & ,john ,w4 ,wood1 = supplies ( fl[]s = ornam5t+ ! ,horticultural room1 to ea* a copy ( ! ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute1 on ! subject ( ,agriculture4 ,,vegetables4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = ! *oice/ assortm5t ( cul9>y vegetables--silv] m$al4 ,john ,beekman1 #fa/ /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = ! be/ & greate/ v>iety ( vegetable roots = cattle--silv] m$al4 ,joseph ,cl[es1 ,h>simus1 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve sup]ior blood beets--,unit$ ,/ates ,f>m]4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = twelve sup]ior sug> beets--#a vol4 ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,john ,beekman1 #fa/ /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = twelve sup]ior mangel-wurtzel beets--#a vol4 ( ! ,cultivator4 ,*ri/oph] ,all51 ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 = six f9e heads ( caulifl[]--,buel's ,f>m]s' ,companion4 ,pet] ,hul/1 g>d5] to ,lamb]t ,wyck(f1 ,bu%wick1 ,l4 ,i41 = ! be/ field ( cabbage--silv] m$al4 ,l4 ,wyck(f1 ,bu%wick1 = twelve l>ge heads ( ! drum-head cabbage--,transactions ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,?omas ,bridgeman1 ,jr41 ,dut* ,kills1 ,l4 ,i41 = twelve f9e heads ( ,savoy cabbage--,faulkn]'s ,f>m]s' ,manual4 ,?omas ,pross]1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve sup]ior c>rots = ! table--,unit$ ,/ates ,f>m]4 ,j4 ,cl[es1 ,h>simus1 ,n4 ,j4 = twelve f9e roots ( :ite cel]y--,transactions ( ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,fr$]ick ,bonnicamp1 ,h>simus1 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve f9e roots ( r$ cel]y--,dana's ,muck ,manual4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = six l>ge egg-plants--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,john ,brill1 ,j]sey city1 ,n4 ,j41 = a peck ( sup]ior yell[ onions--,faulkn]'s ,f>m]s' ,manual4 ,william ,ross1 ,rav5swood1 ,que5s co41 ,n4 ,y41 = a peck ( sup]ior r$ onions--,smi?'s ,productive ,f>m+4 ,joseph ,cl[es1 ,h>simus1 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve f9e p>sneps = ! table--,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,j4 ,beekman1 #fa/ /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = twelve l>ge p>sneps = cattle--,unit$ ,/ates ,f>m]4 ,alex&] ,wal%1 ,lans+burgh1 = sup]ior se$l+ potatoes--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,t4 ,b4 ,wakeman1 ,b]g51 ,n4 ,j41 = sup]ior ,m]c] potatoes--silv] m$al4 ,william ,j4 ,t[ns5d1 ,newt[n1 ,que5s co41 = a sup]ior lot ( table potatoes--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,s4 ,b4 ,t[ns5d1 ,newt[n1 ,l4 ,i41 = ?ree l>ge cattle pumpk9s--,buel's ,f>m]s' ,companion4 ,r4 ,l4 ,colt1 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 = a peck ( sup]ior potatoes = cattle--#a vol4 ( ,cultivator4 ,john ,p4 ,haff1 ,yorkville1 ,n4 ,y41 = a peck ( sup]ior :ite flat turneps--#a vol4 ( ,cultivator4 ,pet] ,wyck(f1 ,bu%wick1 ,k+s co41 = twelve sup]ior roots ( long :ite turneps--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant4 ,s4 ,pabor1 ,h>lem1 ,n4 ,y41 = sup]ior cream pumpk9s--,smi?'s ,productive ,f>m+4 ,f4 ,o4 ,wakeman1 ,b]g51 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve sup]ior roots ( salsify--,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,john ,brill1 ,h>simus1 ,n4 ,j41 = ?ree f9e w9t] squa%es--,faulkn]'s ,f>m]s' ,manual4 ,john ,a4 ,mill]1 ,little ,falls1 ,n4 ,j41 = a f9e l>ge ,valp>aiso squa%--,dana's ,muck ,manual4 ,h4 ,w4 ,tibbets1 ,yonk]s1 ,n4 ,y41 = half a peck ( l>ge tomatoes--,unit$ ,/ates ,f>m]4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 = a f9e sample ( hops--,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,n4 ,y41 = sup]ior specim5s ( sweet potatoes--diploma4 ,p4 ,hegone1 #bjf ,gre5wi* /reet1 = sup]ior specim5s ( pickles & catsup--diploma4 ,,fruits4 ,r4 ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = ! be/ fruit f>m--gold m$al4 ,r4 ,t4 ,und]hill1 ,croton ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 = successful v9ey>d-culture ( ! native grape--silv] m$al4 ,j4 ,l4 ,l4 ,f4 ,w>r51 ,brighton1 ,mass41 = twelve sup]ior table apples--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,r4 ,l4 ,pell1 ,pelham1 ,ul/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = twelve sup]ior w9t] apples--,k5rick's ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,t4 ,h4 ,p]k9s1 ,brookl9e1 ,mass41 = twelve sup]ior v>ieties ( h\se-grapes--gold m$al4 ,r4 ,s4 ,field1 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j41 = ?ree sup]ior v>ieties ( h\se-grapes--silv] m$al4 ,j4 ,f4 ,all51 ,salem1 ,mass41 = six v>ieties ( sup]ior h\se-grapes--,d[n+'s ,cottage ,ar*itecture4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,patton1 #aaj ,sullivan /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = fifty-two sup]ior bun*es ( ,isabella grapes--,d[n+'s ,rural ,ar*itecture4 ,r4 ,t4 ,und]hill1 ,croton ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 = sup]ior specim5s ( ,catawba grapes--,k5rick's ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,j4 ,l4 ,l4 ,f4 ,w>r51 ,brighton1 ,mass41 = twelve sup]ior pea*es 7free/one7--,k5rick's ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,john ,j4 ,van ,wyck1 #adj ,tw5ty-fir/ /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = twelve sup]ior pea*es 7cl+/ones7--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,m4 ,p4 ,wild]1 ,dor*e/]1 ,mass41 = sixty-five *oice v>ieties ( pe>s--silv] m$al4 ,george ,c4 ,de,kay1 #be? /reet1 ,sev5? av5ue1 ,n4 ,y41 = a sup]ior lot ( table pe>s--,k5rick's ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,d4 ,h5d]son1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 = twelve f9e magnum-bonum plums--,buel's ,f>m]s' ,companion4 ,c4 ,m4 ,graham1 ,jr41 ,cont5t1 ,h>lem lane1 ,n4 ,y41 = fifty-five qu9ces ga!r$ f "o tree--,k5rick's ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,jacob ,h5dr]1 ,gl5ham1 ,dut*ess co41 ,n4 ,y41 = f9e specim5s ( grapes--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hayes1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 = a lot ( grapes & f9e pe>s--,f>m]s' ,companion4 ,john ,c\z5s1 ,dobb's ,f]ry1 ,we/*e/] co41 ,n4 ,y41 = sup]ior specim5 ( grapes--,unit$ ,/ates ,f>m]4 ,wm4 ,r4 ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i41 = two bun*es ( native grapes1 & f9e specim5 ( apples--,hovey's ,magaz9e4 ,william ,reid1 #cg? /reet1 #d? av5ue1 = a f9e collection ( pe>s & apples--,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,*>les ,m4 ,graham1 ,jr41 ,cont5t1 ,h>lem lane1 = a f9e lot ( ,isabella grapes--,transactions ( ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,j4 ,j4 ,morris1 ,batavia1 ,n4 ,y41 = f9e specim5 ( pe>s--,f>m]s' ,manual4 ,ni*olas ,wyck(f1 ,jr41 ,bu%wick1 = f9e specim5s ,isabella grapes--,! ,plant]s' ,guide4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mantel1 #df? /reet1 ,n4 ,y41 = #ec v>ieties ( pe>s & o!r fruit--two vols4 ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,joseph ,l4 ,frankl91 ,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i41 = twelve extra l>ge apples--,dana's ,muck ,manual4 ,h4 ,l4 ,hot*kiss1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 = "o pe> weigh+ #cc oz4--#a vol4 ( ! ,cultivator4 ,samuel ,walk]1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 = sup]ior v>ieties ( pe>s--silv] m$al4 ,h5ry ,/eel1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 = a lot ( extra-f9e e>ly grapes--,bridgeman's ,g>d5]s' ,assi/ant4 ,miss ,l\isa ,b5nett1 ,l4 ,i41 = a basket ( native /rawb]ries--,bridgeman's ,flori/'s ,guide4 ,,mak+ ,,capons4 ,,! foll[+ article on mak+ capons1 is ! be/ )9 our recollection4 ,x is tak5 f ! directions accompany+ ! sets ( in/rum5ts = caponis+1 made by ,mr4 ,john ,m5d5hall1 ,philadelphia3-- ,,f[ls int5d$ to be cut1 mu/ be kept at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs )\t food1 o!rwise ! entrails w fill ! cavity ( ! belly & r5d] x almo/ impossible to complete ! op]ation2 besides1 :5 !y h be5 />v$ ! prop] l5g? ( "t1 !y are less liable to ble$4 ,! *ick5 is tak5 at any age1 f five days old until x beg9s to cr[1 or ev5 aft]4 ,lay ! f[l on its left side on ! floor1 draw ! w+s back1 & keep x firm by re/+ ! "r foot on its legs1 & ! o!r foot or knee on its w+s4 7,! table ) ! app>atus does away ) ! necessity ( ?is /oop+ position47 ,be c>eful t ! head ( ! f[l is n held d[n1 or ev5 t\*$ dur+ ! op]ation1 z x w\ld be sure to cause x to ble$4 ,pluck ! fea!rs (f f its "r side ne> ! hip jo9t1 9 a l9e betwe5 t & ! %\ld] jo9t2 ! space uncov]$ %\ld be a little m ?an an in* squ>e4 ,make an incision betwe5 ! two la/ ribs1 hav+ fir/ drawn ! sk9 ( ! "p backw>d1 s t :5 left to itself x w cov] ! w\nd 9 ! fle%4 ,9 "s f[ls ! ?igh is s f> =w>d t x cov]s ! two la/ ribs2 9 :i* case1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to draw ! fle% ( ! ?igh well back1 s z n to cut ?r\gh x1 or else x w\ld lame ! f[l1 & p]haps cause its dea? 9 a few days aft] ! op]ation1 by inflam+4 ,! ribs are to be kept op5 by ! hooks--! op5+ mu/ be enl>g$ ea* way by ! knife1 if necess>y1 until ! te/icles1 :i* are atta*$ to ! back bone1 are entirely expos$ to view1 toge!r ) ! inte/9es 9 contact ) !m4 ,! te/icles are enclos$ 9 a ?9 sk91 connect+ !m ) ! back & sides--?is mu/ be laid hold ( ) ! pli]s1 & !n torn away ) ! po9t$ in/rum5t2 do+ x fir/ on ! upp] te/icle1 !n on ! l[]4 7,! l[] te/icle w g5]ally be f\nd a little beh9d ! o!r--t is1 a little ne>] ! rump47 ,next introduce ! loop2 7:i* is made ( a horse-hair or a fibre ( cocoa-nut27 x mu/ be put r\nd ! te/icle :i* is upp]mo/1 9 do+ :i* ! spoon is s]viceable to raise up ! te/icle & pu% ! loop "u x1 s t x %all be br\ght to act ^u ! "p :i* holds ! te/icle to ! back2 !n te> x (f by pu%+ ! tube t[>d ! rump ( ! f[l1 at ! same "t draw+ ! loop4 ,!n scoop x & ! blood out ) ! spoon1 & p]=m ! same op]ation on ! o!r te/icle4 ,take away ! hooks1 draw ! sk9 ov] & close ! w\nd2 /ick ! fea!rs t y pull$ (f be=e on ! w\nd1 & let ! bird g4 ,,rem>ks4--,if ! op]ation be p]=m$ )\t suffici5t skill1 _m ( ! f[ls w prove n to be capons2 ^! may be kill$ = use z soon z ! head beg9s to gr[ l>ge & get r$1 & !y beg9 to *ase ! h5s4 ,! real capon w make itself kn[n by ! head rema9+ small1 & ! comb small & )]$2 ! fea!rs ( ! neck or mane w also get long]1 & ! tail w be h&som] & long]3 !y %\ld be kept to ! age ( fifte5 or eighte5 mon?s1 :i* w br+ !m 9 ! spr+ & summ]1 :5 p\ltry is sc>ce & br+s a high price4 ,take c>e1 h[ev]1 n to kill !m ne> m\lt+ "t1 z all p\ltry !n is v inf]ior4 ,! op]ation fails1 pr9cipally1 by bur/+ ! te/icle1 s t ! sk9 :i* encloses ! s(t matt]1 rema9s 9 ! bird1 & ! te/icle gr[s aga94 ,birds ( five or six mon?s are less liable to h ! te/icles bur/ 9 ! op]ation ?an y\ng] f[ls1 b !y are also m apt to ble$ to dea? ?an ^? ( f two to f\r mon?s old4 ,a skilful op]ator w always *oose f[ls ( f two to ?ree mon?s2--he w pref] also1 to take (f ! l[] te/icle fir/1 z !n ! blood w n prev5t him f proce$+ ) ! o!r2 :]eas1 :5 ! upp] "o is tak5 (f ! fir/1 if !re %\ld be any ble$+1 he has to wait be=e he c take (f ! l[] te/icle4 ,! l>ge ve9 t supplies ! entrails ) blood passes 9 ! neighborhood ( ! te/icles2 !re is dang] t a "y beg9n] may pi]ce x ) ! po9t$ in/rum5t 9 tak+ (f ! sk9 ( ! l[] te/icle1 9 :i* case ! *ick5 w\ld die in/antly1 = all ! blood 9 its body w\ld issue out4 ,!re are "o or two small] ve9s :i* mu/ be avoid$1 :i* is v easy1 z !y are n difficult to see4 ,if prop]ly manag$1 no blood ev] appe>s until a te/icle is tak5 (f3 s t %\ld any appe> be=e t1 ! op]ator w "k t he has done some?+ wrong4 ,if a *ick5 die1 x is dur+ ! op]ation by ble$+2 7( c\rse x is z prop] = use z if bl$ to dea? by hav+ its ?roat cut27 !y v seldom die aft]1 unless !y h receiv$ "s int]nal injury1 or ! fle% ( ! ?igh has be5 cut ?r\gh1 f n be+ drawn back f (f ! la/ two ribs1 :]e ! incision is made2 all ( :i* are apt to be ! case ) "y practition]s4 ,if ! te/icles be f\nd to be l>ge1 ! bamboo tube %\ld be us$1 & x %\ld h a /rong cocoa-nut /r+ 9 x1--= small ones ! silv] tube ) a horse-hair 9 x1 is be/4 ,:5 a *ick5 has be5 cut1 x is necess>y be=e lett+ x run1 to put a p]man5t m>k ^u x2 o!rwise x w\ld be impossible to di/+ui% x f o!rs n cut4 ,i h be5 accu/om$ to cut (f ! outside or ! inside toe ( ! left foot1--by ?is means ,i c di/+ui% !m at a di/ance4 ,ano!r mode is to cut (f ! comb1 !n %ave (f ! spurs close to ! leg1 & /ick !m ^u ! ble$+ head1 :]e !y w gr[ & become ornam5tal 9 ! %ape ( a pair ( horns4 ,?is la/ mode is p]haps ! be/1 b x is n s simple & ready z ! fir/4 ,:i* ev] mode is adopt$1 ! f[l %\ld be m>k$ be=e p]=m+ ! op]ation1 because ! loss ( blood occasion$ by cutt+ (f ! comb or a toe1 makes ! f[l less likely to ble$ int]nally dur+ ! op]ation4 ,x is v common1 soon aft] ! op]ation1 = ! *ick5 to get w9d 9 ! side1 :5 ! w\nd is heal+1 betwe5 ! fle% & ! sk92 x mu/ be reliev$ by mak+ a small incision 9 ! sk91 :i* w let ! w9d escape4 ,^? f[ls make ! f9e/ capons :i* are hat*$ e>ly 9 ! spr+2 !y c be cut be=e ! hot wea!r comes1 :i* is a great advantage4 ,nev] attempt to cut a full-gr[n cock2 x is a useless & cruel piece ( curiosity4 ,i h nev] kn[n "o to live4 ,be n disc\rag$ ) ! fir/ difficulties2 ) practice !y w disappe>2 e season y w f9d y\rself m exp]t1 until ! cutt+ ( a doz5 f[ls be=e breakfa/ w be a small matt]4 ,x may be well to give a w>n+ aga9/ becom+ dissatisfi$ ) ! tools4 ,a raw h&1 :5 he meets ) difficulties1 is apt to ?9k ! tools are 9 fault1 & sets ab\t to improve !m & inv5t o!rs2 b x is only himself t lacks skill1 :i* practice alone c give4 ,i h sp5t money1 besides wa/+ my "t 9 ?is fooli% notion1 b h always f\nd t ! old1 orig9al tools1 :i* came f ,*9a1 & :]e ?is mode ( op]at+ 0 inv5t$1 are ! be/4 ,take c>e t ! tools are n abus$ by ignorant p]sons attempt+ to use !m2 !y w la/ a p]son's life-"t if prop]ly us$2 b if put out ( ord]1 none b a surgical in/rum5t mak] c repair !m prop]ly4 ,! object 9 giv+ publicity to ?is1 is to h ! m>kets ( ,philadelphia well suppli$ ) capons3 !y h ev] be5 e/eem$ "o ( ! greate/ delicacies1 pres]v+ ! flavor & t5d]ness ( ! *ick51 ) ! juicy maturity ( age4 ,9 ! ,p>is & ,london m>kets1 d\ble ! price ( common p\ltry is obta9$ = capons4 ,consid]+ ! abundance & excell5ce ( p\ltry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x seems surpris+ t ! art ( mak+ capons %\ld be almo/ entirely unkn[n--x is hop$ t ?is defici5cy w n[ be suppli$4 ,,graft+ ,,& ,,budd+4 ,= :at foll[s on graft+ & budd+1 we are indebt$ to t excell5t family pap]1 ! ,new ,_w4 ,! article 0 prep>$ = x by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]1 ,esq41 ( ! ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t1 ,wa%+ton1 f an ,engli% "w1 :i*1 he adds1 is n publi%$ or mu* kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,graft+4--,! process ( graft+ consi/s 9 tak+ (f a %oot f "o tree1 & ins]t+ x into ano!r1 9 su* a mann] z t bo? may unite closely1 & become "o tree2 ! %oot or cutt+ ?us employ$ is call$ a scion1 & ! tree on :i* x is ins]t$ or graft$1 a /ock4 ,! process ( budd+ has precisely ! same object 9 view z t ( graft+1 diff]+ f ! latt] process only 9 ! ins]tion ( a bud1 in/ead ( a %oot or cutt+1 into ! b>k ( ano!r tree4 ,to execute ei!r process ) adroitness & success1 consid]able practice is requir$4 ,to excel 9 ei!r1 in/ructions %\ld be receiv$ f "s compet5t p]son1 :o is bo? will+ & able to imp>t ! necess>y in=mation4 ,m k c be acquir$ 9 a %ort "t 9 ?is mann] ?an c possibly be atta9$ by ! mo/ att5tive p]usal ( any treatise expressly writt5 ^u ! subject4 ,impress$ ) ! difficulty ( ! task1 _m writ]s h inde$ ass]t$1 t description alone mu/ ev] fail to convey an adequate k ( ! process2 b ! intellig5t au?or ( ! ,engli% ,g>d5] has1 ) 8 usual ability1 treat$ ! subject 9 s cle> & compreh5sive a mann] t we are induc$ to give ! details ( ! process 9 ! au?or's own language4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! subject ( graft+ & budd+1 !re is "o ?+ :i* is equally applicable to bo? processes1 & t is1 t ! /ock ought to /& ! :ole summ] ^u ! spot :]e x is graft$1 be=e t op]ation is p]=m$ ^u x4 ,if /ocks be plant$ out 9 ! fall1 ! sap does n rise vigor\sly en\gh 9 ! spr+ to af=d a fair *ance to ! gr[+ ( ! graft2 ano!r rem>k ( equal importance is1 t fruit-trees /& only "o summ] on ! spot :5ce !y are to be remov$ to _! f9al de/9ation2 because1 if !y /& long] ?an ?is1 !y w h l>ge & long roots1 great amputation mu/ take place1 & ! trees suff] exce$+ly4 ,! ,"t ( ,graft+ is g5]ally f ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y to ! end ( ,m>*1#a beg9n+ ) ! e>lie/ sorts ( trees1 z plums1 *]ries1 & pe>s2 & end+ ) ! late/1 z apples4 ,b seasons are diff]5t1 & 9 a backw>d season1 ! season = graft+ w be backw>d2 & 9 su* case1 ! fulness & bur/+ appe>ance ( ! buds ( ! /ocks1 & ! mildness ( ! wea!r mu/ be our guides4 ,h[ev]1 x is c]ta9 t ! mild wea!r1 ) occasional %[]s1 is ! be/ "t = graft+4 #a ,9 ?is climate1 ,april & ,may are ! be/ mon?s4--,,ed4 ,,am4 ,,ag4 ,! ,mode ( ,prep>+ ! ,scion comes next4 ,take f ! tree f :i* y mean to propagate1 z _m bran*es ( la/ ye>'s wood z w cut into ! quantity ( scions t y want2 b 9 *oos+ :at bran*es to take1 let ! vigor ( ! tree guide y1 9 "s measure4 ,if x be a heal?y1 fl\ri%+1 & "y tree1 take y\r bran*es f ! outside %oots1 = ! upright ones at ! top1 or ^? ne> ! middle1 are m likely to produce wood ?an fruit4 ,yet d n take bran*es f ! v l[e/ "p ( ! tree1 if y c avoid x1 z ^! are sure to be m pul+ 9 _! nature4 ,9 case ! tree be old or weakly1 !n *oose ! mo/ vigor\s ( its la/ ye>'s %oots1 no matt] :]e !y gr[4 ,keep ^! bran*es uncut until y arrive at ! season = graft+1 keep+ !m1 9 ! mean:ile1 buri$ 9 dry m\ld2 & :5 t season arrives1 take !m up & cut !m into ! prop] l5g?s = graft+4 ,! middle "p ( ea* bran* w g5]ally be f\nd to be ! be/2 b y\r bran*es may be sc>ce & few 9 numb]1 & !n make use ( e "p4 ,ea* scion %\ld h f ?ree to six eyes on x1 b six w1 9 all cases1 be q en\gh1 z !re is no use 9 an extraord9>y l5g? ( scion2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x may be productive ( mu* mis*ief1 by ov]load+ ! head ) "y %oots & leaves z summ] advances1 & !reby mak+ x m subject to accid5t f high w9ds or heavy ra9s4 ,! ,op]ation ( ,graft+ is p]=m$ _m ways1 ?\gh none ( !m diff]s f any ( ! o!rs 9 ! ma9 pr9ciple1 :i* is t ( br++ ! "u or inn] b>k ( ! scion to be> ^u ! same b>k ( ! /ock4 ,! sap ( ! /ock fl[s upw>d t[>d ! scion1 & x w fl[ on into ! scion1 provid$ x f9d no int]ruption4 ,"h1 !re=e1 is ! nicety--to fit ^? two b>ks s closely1 ! "o ^u ! o!r1 t ! sap %all proce$ onw>d into ! scion1 j z x w\ld h done into ! amputat$ bran*1 caus+ ! scion to supplant ! bran*4 ,i %all only m5tion & illu/rate two modes ( graft+1 viz41 tongue-graft+ & cleft-graft+4 ,^! two x is necess>y = me to speak ( sep>ately1 & ?or\ghly to describe1 = !y are n bo? ( !m applicable 9 all cases2 ! =m] be+ us$ 9 graft+ on small-siz$ /ocks & small bran*es ( trees1 & ! latt] on l>ge /ocks & l>ge bran*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tongue-,,graft+4--7,,fig4 #eh47 ,tongue-,graft+4--,suppose y h y\r /ock ( ! prop] age = graft+1 y cut x (f at ?ree or f\r in*es f ! gr\nd1 & ) a v %>p1 /raight1 & n>r[-blad$ graft+-knife1 cut a ?9 /rip ( b>k & wood upw>d1 f ab\t two in*es bel[ y\r already %ort5$ /ock4 ,make ?is cut at "o pull ( ! knife1 ins]t+ ! edge r horizontally1 & :5 x has gone ?r\gh ! b>k & into ! wood a little %ort ( ! middle1 pull /raight upw>d1 7#b1 a1 b27 !n at r less ?an half way d[n ?is cut1 & ) ! blade ( y\r knife across ! cut1 & d[nw>d1 cut a v ?9 tongue ( n m ?an ?ree eigh?s ( an in* long1 7#b1 c47 ,proce$ ne>ly 9 ! same way ) ! bottom "p ( ! scion2 cut fir/ a n>r[ /rip ( wood & b>k out1 b n putt+ ! knife 9 horizontally1 z y h done ) reg>d to ! /ock1 7at #b1 a17 nor br++ x out /raight to ! end1 to make a %\ld] or angle1 z y h done at 7#b1 a b27 b make a slop+ cut 7#a1 a b17 ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! cut 9 ! /ock1 or r a little less if any?+2 !n make a tongue 7#a1 c7 to correspond ) t ( ! /ock1 b recollect t ?is mu/ be cut upw>d in/ead ( d[nw>d2 !n place ! scion ^u ! /ock1 ins]t+ ! tongue ( ! scion into ! tongue ( ! /ock4 ,br+ ! f\r edges ( b>k1 t is1 ! two edges ( ! cut 9 ! top ( ! /ock1 & ! two correspond+ edges ( ! cut 9 ! bottom ( ! scion1 to meet precisely2 or1 if ! scion be1 9 diamet]1 a small] piece ( wood ?an ! /ock1 s t its two edges ( b>k c n bo? meet ^? ( ! /ock1 !n let only "o meet1 b be sure t "o meets precisely4 ,b obs]ve1 t ?is c nev] be unless ! fir/ cut 9 ! /ock & t 9 ! scion 7#b1 a b17 & 7#a1 a b17 be z ev5 z a die1 & p]=m$ ) a knife sc>cely less %>p ?an a razor4 ,take a common prun+-knife1 & attempt to make a cut ( ?is k9d1 & y w f9d :5 y come to fit ! scion on1 t1 squeeze !m toge!r z y may1 y w1 9 mo/ cases1 see light betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! /ock & ! scion t y are try+ to jo91 s effectually1 z t ! sap %all fl[ out ( ! "o into ! o!r1 unconsci\s ( any division at all6 ,b ,i w n suppose anybody s unga9 7z x is call$ 9 ,hamp%ire7 z to g ab\t s nice an op]ation z ?is )\t be+ prep>$ ) ! prop] in/rum5ts = p]=m+ x2 & !re=e1 ,i n[ suppose ! scion put on prop]ly1 & pres5t+ ! appe>ance z 9 7#c1 a47 ,b ?is is n all2 ! op]ation is n yet complete4 ,! two p>ts ?us jo9$ mu/ be b\nd closely to "o ano!r ) matt+1 or bass1 z ! g>d5]s call x1 7#d47 ,a s+le piece ti$ on to ! /ock1 w1 if well done1 almo/ insure ! junction2 b le/ p>*+ w9ds %\ld come & rip up all vegetation1 x is usual to put on besides ! b&age ( matt+1 a ball ( well-beat5 clay spr9kl$ ov] ) a little wood-a%es or ! f9e sift+s ( c9d]s1 to cov] completely ! p>ts graft$1 t is1 f an in* bel[ !m to an in* or s above !m1 7#e27 &1 ev5 to prev5t ?is ball ( clay f be+ wa%$ (f by heavy ra9s1 x is well to tie ar\nd x a cov]+ ( co>se canvass1 or else to e>? up ! :ole plant z y d beans or peas1 draw+ a little m\nd ar\nd x s z to rea* ne>ly ! top ( ! clay4 ,mr4 ,h>rison prep>es 8 graft+ clay 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take two p>ts ( clay & "o ( horse-dung1 free f /raw1 mix !m toge!r1 & beat ! mass until ! :ole is ?or\ghly incorporat$1 !n temp] x ) a little wat] till x is r$uc$ to ! consi/5ce ( /iff pa/e4 ,?is composition nev] cracks on dry+6 ,future ,treatm5t4--,some?+ n[ rema9s to be said on ! future treatm5t ( ! graft$ plant4 ,9 a mon?'s "t at lea/1 y w see :e!r ! scion has tak52 x w !n be ei!r bur/+ =? into leaf or be irrecov]ably dead4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 take (f imm$iately ! canvass1 clay1 b&age1 & dead scion1 & let ! /ock pu% =? :at %oots x pleases1 & recov] itself4 ,9 ! =m] case1 h[ev]1 y mu/1 z soon z ! scion is putt+ =? %oots1 cut (f1 or rub (f1 all %oots proce$+ f ! /ock betwe5 ! gr\nd & ! clay1 z ^!1 if suff]$ to pu% on1 w\ld div]t ! sap away f ! scion1 & probably />ve x2 !n c>efully /ake ! plant1 t is1 put a small /ick into ! gr\nd at )9 ?ree in*es1 or !reab\ts1 ( ! root1 & long en\gh to rea* a few in*es above ! scion1 :i* y w tie to x slightly ) a piece ( wett$ matt+4 ,?is is really necess>y1 = :5 ! %oots proce$+ f ! scion become half a foot long1 !y1 ) ! aid ( _! leaves1 become s heavy z1 :5 bl[n to & fro by ! w9d1 to break (f imm$iately above ! clay1 or become loos5$ d[n at ! "p jo9$ to ! /ock4 ,! /ak+ be+ done1 y ne$ d no?+ m till ne> ! end ( ,june1 :5 y %\ld take (f ! :ole mass ( canvass1 clay1 & b&age1 b be c>eful 9 tak+ (f ! clay n to break (f ! plant at ! junction4 ,x %\ld be done by a c>eful h&1 & aft] a day or two ( ra9y wea!r1 z !n ! clay is moi/ & comes (f )\t s mu* dang] to ! plant z :5 x is n4 ,on tak+ (f ! clay1 !re is f\nd a little %>p angle1 left at ! top ( ! /ock2 ?is %\ld n[ be cut smoo? (f4 ,! b>k ( ! /ock & t ( ! scion w heal ov] ?is1 & ! union is !n complete4 ,la/ly1 x is frequ5tly f\nd t m\ld1 & sometimes small v]m91 h collect$ ar\nd ! h]et(ore cov]$ p>ts ( ! plant1 accord+ z ! clay has be5 crack$ by ! sun4 ,rub (f all m\ld ) y\r f+]s1 7no in/rum5t does x s well17 & kill all v]m9 9 ! same way2 & x is n amiss to f9i% ?is "w by wa%+ ! jo9$ p>ts ) a little soap & wat]1 us+ a small pa9t-bru% = ! op]ation4 ,all ^! ?+s done1 y h only to gu>d aga9/ high w9ds1 :i*1 if ! plant be n /ak$1 z is above describ$1 w v likely be brok5 (f by !m2 &1 9 ?is "w ( de/ruction1 y w h ! mortification ( see+ ! f9e/ ( y\r plants g fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cleft-,,graft+4--7,,fig4 #ei47 ,cleft-,graft+4--,?is is a species ( graft+ adopt$ 9 cases :]e ! /ock is l>ge1 or :]e x consi/s ( a bran* or bran*es ( a tree head$ d[n4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 saw (f horizontally1 ! "p y wi% to graft1 & smoo? ! w\nd ov] ) a c>p5t]'s plane1 or a %>p1 long-blade knife1 7#a47 ,prep>e y\r scion 9 ?is mann]3 ,at ab\t1 an in* & a half f ! bottom1 cut x 9 ! =m ( ! blade ( a razor2 t is1 make x %>p on "o side1 & let x be blunt at ! back1 :]e y w also take c>e to leave ! b>k :ole1 7#b1 a47 ,hav+ ?us prep>$ ! scion1 make a split 7#a7 9 ! cr[n ( ! saw-cut d[nw>d = ab\t two in*es1 tak+ c>e t ! two sides ( ?is be p]fectly ev54 ,hold x !n op51 by means ( a *isel or a w$ge1 7or :5 ! /ock is b a small "o1 y\r knife17 & ins]t ! scion1 ! %>p edge go+ inw>d1 & ! b>k side or razor-back rema9+ outw>d1 s t1 on tak+ out ! w$ge or *isel1 ! cleft closes firmly on ! scion1 7#c17 ! two edges ( b>k =m$ by ! cleft1 squeez+ exactly ^u ! two edges ( b>k =m$ by ! blunt razor-back4 ,to make ! two b>ks meet precisely is ! only nicety 9 ?is op]ation2 b ?is is s ess5tial1 t ! slighte/ deviation w defeat ! purpose4 ,9 ?is sort ( graft+1 ! /ock on :i* y graft is g5]ally /rong en\gh to hold ! scion close en\gh )9 its cleft1 )\t ! aid ( b9d+1 & !n x is bett] n to b9d2 b z x is also necess>y to prev5t air circulat+ )9 ! w\nd$ p>ts bo? ( ! /ock & ! scion1 use graft+-clay to cov] !m ov] s z to effectually exclude ! air2 & cov] ! clay ) a piece ( co>se canvass1 wett+ x fir/1 & !n b9d+ x on securely4 ,9 ?is way1 ! /ock be+ /rong1 y may ins]t sev]al scions on ! same head1 by mak+ sev]al diff]5t clefts1 & putt+ "o scion 9 ea*2 b ?is c only be to insure y\r hav+ two to succe$1 = if all ! scions t y put on "o head take1 y mu/ *oose ! two mo/ eligible1 & sacrifice ! re/1 z m ?an two lead+ limbs f su* head ought n to be enc\rag$4 ,! season = p]=m+ ?is sort ( graft+1 & ! mode ( prep>+ ! scion1 & ! future treatm5t ( ! tree1 are precisely ! same z 9 tongue-graft+4 ,cr[n1 or ,b>k-,graft+ is a v ready me?od ( graft+ ^u l>ge1 unev51 old /ocks & bran*es4 ,x is practis$ some:at lat] ?an ! me?ods above describ$1 t is1 f ! end ( ,m>* to ! ?ird week 9 ,april1 because1 9 t p]iod1 ! sep>ation ( ! b>k f ! wood is m easily affect$2 a circum/ance ( prim>y importance 9 ?is case4 ,! tree is to be head$ d[n1 ! cut be+ made horizontally1 & ! section bor$ q ev5 & smoo?2 !n make a slit 9 ! b>k two in*es 9 l5g?1 next ) ! h&le ( a budd+-knife1 c>efully op5 ! b>k = ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*2 !n cut ! scion ab\t two in*es 9 a slop+ direction1 9 ! =m ( a tongue1 leav+ ! b>k entire on ! outside4 ,! scion ?us prep>$1 is press$ d[nw>d betwe5 ! b>k & ! wood z f> z ! incision 9 ! /ock ext5ds2 ! b>k ( ! /ock readily yields to ! pressure employ$1 & ! scion is support$ 9 its situation by a few coils ( bass-matt+1 ! :ole be+ surr\nd$ by clay4 ,dove-,tail ,graft+4--,?is is a v neat & successful mode ( graft+1 orig9at+ ) ,mr4 ,malone1 :o gives ! foll[+ directions = its p]=mance4 ,! scion is to be select$ s z to h two or ?ree buds above :]e ! knife is to be ins]t$ to prep>e x = ! op]ation2 a slip is cut (f ! end ( ! scion1 slop+ x to ! bottom z long z x may be decid$ to ins]t x into ! /ock4 ,on ea* side ( ! cut1 z f> z x ext5ds1 a "p ( ! b>k is to be tak5 (f1 leav+ ! "u "p broad] ?an ! upp]1 on :i* upp] or back "p always contrive to leave a bud4 ,! /ock or bran* to be work$ is ?us prep>$3 ,be+ fir/ cut (f smoo? & /raight1 two p>allel slits1 di/ant f ea* o!r ne>ly ! wid? ( ! scion & ! l5g? ( its cut "p1 are !n made 9 ! b>k ( ! bran*1 obs]v+ p>ticul>ly to slope ! knife1 s t ! "u edge ( ! cut next ! wood may be wid] ?an ! out] edge4 ,! piece ( b>k betwe5 ! slits mu/ !n be tak5 out1 sep>at+ at ! bottom by a horizontal cut4 ,! scion w !n slide into ! dove-tail groove ?us =m$1 &1 if ! "w is well p]=m$1 w fit neatly & tightly4 ,a small quantity ( ! graft+-clay mu/ !n be c>efully appli$1 secur+ x on ) li/1 or any o!r conv5i5t b&age1 fa/5+ x at ! end ) two small nails4 ,! top ( ! /ock %\ld be entirely cov]$ ) clay1 slop+ x well up to ! grafts1 & %\ld be exam9$ (t5 to see if any cracks or op5+s appe>1 :i* %\ld be imm$iately fill$ up ) "s v s(t clay4 ,! prop] "t = p]=m+ ! op]ation is f ! beg9n+ ( ,april till ! middle ( ,may1 or e>li] if ! sap is 9 motion4 7,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,vii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,budd+4--7,,fig4 #fj47 ,,budd+4--,budd+ is p]=m$ = precisely ! same purpose z graft+1 &1 l graft+1 x is p]=m$ 9 _m diff]5t ways2 & z long exp]i5ce has asc]ta9$ ! be/ me?od1 namely1 t ( ,t budd+1 7#a17 s call$ f ! =m ( ! two cuts t are made 9 ! b>k ( ! /ock to receive ! bud1 or %ield-budd+1 z x is sometimes call$ f ! =m ( ! piece ( b>k 7#b7 on :i* ! bud is seat$1 assum+ ! %ape ( a %ield :5 x is prep>$ to be ins]t$ )9 ! ,t cut 9 ! /ock4 ,! only solid diff]5ce betwe5 budd+ & graft+ is ?is1 t :]eas 9 graft+ y ins]t on ! /ock a bran* already produc$1 9 budd+1 y ins]t only ! bud4 ,i %all proce$1 9 treat+ ( ?is matt]1 9 ! same way t ,i did 9 ! prec$+ article1 namely1 z to ! season prop] = budd+1 ! *oos+ & prep>+ ( ! bud1 ! op]ation ( budd+1 & ! future treatm5t ( ! plant budd$4 ,! ,season = ,budd+ is g5]ally f ! latt] end ( ,july to ! latt] end ( ,augu/1 ! crit]ions be+ a plump appe>ance ( ! buds =m$ on ! spr+ %oot ( ! same ye>1 seat$ 9 ! angle ( a leaf1 & a read9ess 9 ! b>k ( ! /ock to sep>ate f ! wood4 ,9 ,*oos+ & ,prep>+ ! ,bud1 fix on "o seat$ at ab\t ! middle ( a heal?y %oot ( ! mid-summ] gr[?--^! are1 g5]ally speak+1 ! mo/ incl9$ to fruitfulness4 ,*oose a cl\dy day1 if y h a *oice ( days at ?is season1 & if n1 p]=m y\r "w e>ly 9 ! morn+1 or 9 ! ev5+4 ,! "t be+ prop]1 y sev] ! bran* on :i* y f9d ! buds to y\r lik+4 ,take ?is ) y to ! /ock t y are go+ to bud1 hold+ ! bran* 9 y\r left h&1 ! l>ge/ end d[nw>d2 make a slop+ cut f ab\t an in* & a half bel[ ! bud to ab\t an in* above x1 suff]+ y\r knife to g ?r\gh ! b>k1 & ab\t half way into ! wood1 cutt+ out wood & all4 ,?is keep+ ( ! wood prev5ts ! bud & its b>k f dry+ :ile y are prep>+ ! incision 9 ! /ock1 & if y wi% to c>ry buds ( sc>ce sorts to any di/ance1 y may d s safely by putt+ _! ends 9 wat]1 or 9 damp moss1 b x is always saf]1 z well 9 graft+ z 9 budd+1 to p]=m ! op]ation ) z mu* exp$ition z possible1 b p>ticul>ly x is s 9 budd+4 ,op]ation ( ,budd+4--,cut (f ! leaf "u :i* ! bud is situat$1 b leave its foot-/alk1 7#b1 a17 & by ?is hold x betwe5 y\r lips1 :ile ) y\r budd+-knife y cut two /raight l9es 9 ! /ock at ! place :]e y wi% to ins]t ! bud1 & ?is %\ld be :]e ! b>k is smoo?1 free f any bruises or knots1 & on ! side r f ! mid-day suns4 ,( ^! l9es let ! fir/ be horizontal1 7#a17 & let ! next be longitud9al1 beg9n+ at ! middle ( ! fir/ cut & com+ d[nw>d4 ,let !m1 9 %ort1 describe ! two pr9cipal b>s ( ! ,roman lett] ,t4 ,y h n[ to take out f ! b>k on :i* ! bud is1 ! piece ( wood on :i* ! b>k is1 & :i* has s]v$ y1 up to ?is "t1 to pres]ve ! bud & b>k f dry+ & %r9k+4 ,b ?is is a nice matt]4 ,9 do+ x y mu/ be c>eful n to endang] ! root ( ! bud1 z x is call$1 because 9 t is its exi/5ce4 ,! b>k1 7if ! season be prop] = budd+17 w easily deta* itself f ?is piece ( wood1 b /ill x requires a v c>eful h&l+ to get x out )\t endang]+ ! root ( ! bud4 ,hold ! bud on y\r =e-f+]1 & keep y\r ?umb on ! wood opposite2 !n ) ! =e-f+] & ?umb ( ! o!r h&1 b5d backw>d & =w>d ! l[] end ( ! %ield1 & ?us coax ! wood to dis5gage itself f ! b>k2 & :5 y f9d x decid$ly do+ s1 remove y\r ?umb f x1 & ! :ole piece ( wood w come out1 leav+ y no?+ b a piece ( b>k ( ab\t two & a half in*es long1 ) a bud & foot-/alk ( a leaf on x4 ,if ! root ( ! bud be c>ri$ away ) ! piece ( wood1 y w p]ceive a small cavity :]e x ought to be4 ,9 ?is case1 ?r[ away ! bud & try ano!r4 ,hav+ succe$$ 9 ! second attempt1 n[ op5 ! two sides ( ! longitud9al b> ( ! ,t ) ! ivory haft ( y\r budd+-knife1 b 9 do+ ?is1 raise ! b>k cle>ly d[n to ! wood1 = ! inside ( ! piece ( b>k belong+ to ! bud mu/ be plac$ directly aga9/ ?is4 ,hav+ op5$ ^! sides wide en\gh to receive ! longe/ end ( ! b>k1 ins]t x nicely1 tak+ especial c>e t its inn] side be flatly aga9/ ! wood ( ! /ock4 ,!n cut ! upp] end ( ! b>k (f1 s t its edge %all meet precisely ! edge ( ! horizontal b> ( ! ,t 7#c1 a474 ,) y\r f+] & ?umb br+ ! two sides ( ! longitud9al b> ov] ! b>k ( ! bud1 or r ! %ield1 & ) a piece ( well-soak$ matt+1 beg9 an in* bel[ ?is b> & b9d firmly all ! way up to an in* above ! horizontal b>1 tak+ good c>e to leave ! bud peep+ out4 ,b9d 9 su* a way z to exclude ! air1 = t is ! int5t ( b9d+ 9 ?is case4 ,tie y\r piece ( matt+ on fir/1 & w9d x r\nd & r\nd ! /ock z y w\ld a rib&1 tak+ c>e n to twi/ ! matt+2 w9d x sl[ly1 & e "t y h gone completely r\nd1 give a g5tle pull to make x firm4 ,future ,treatm5t4--,9 a =tnight's "t f ! op]ation1 y w discov] :e!r ! bud has tak51 by its r\ndness & heal?y look2 &1 9 a =tnight aft] t1 loos5 ! b&age to all[ ! plant to swell1 & 9 ab\t five weeks f ! "t ( budd+1 take away ! b&age altoge!r4 ,9 ?is /ate1 ! plant passes ! w9t]1 & j z ! sap beg9s to be 9 motion 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 y head d[n ! /ock at ab\t an in* above ! bud1 beg9n+ beh9d x1 & mak+ a slop+ cut upw>d to end above its po9t4 ,"s g>d5]s leave a piece ( ! /ock ab\t six in*es long = ! fir/ ye>1 9 ord] to tie ! fir/ summ]'s %oot to x to prev5t its be+ brok5 (f by ! w9d4 ,?is may be well :5 ! plant is expos$ to high w9ds1 b ev5 !n1 if y see dang]1 y may tie a %ort /ick on ! top "p ( ! /ock1 & to ?is tie ! "y %oot1 & !n ! sap all goes into ! %oot f ! bud1 in/ead ( be+ divid$ betwe5 x & six in*es ( /ock left 9 ! o!r way4 ,!re are "s advantages :i* budd+ has ov] graft+1 & ^! ,i ?9k x "r to m5tion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 univ]sal exp]i5ce has prov$ t c]ta9 trees succe$ mu* bett] :5 budd$1 ?an ! same trees d :5 graft$1 su* are ! pea*1 nect>9e1 apricot1 plum1 & *]ry2 inde$1 ! rule is1 t all /one-fruits d bett] budd$ ?an graft$1 t !y are1 :5 budd$1 less giv5 to gum1 a disease peculi> to /one-fruits1 & (t5 v p]nici\s to !m4 ,y may also1 by budd+1 put two m bran*es ^u a /ock t w\ld be too weak to take s _m grafts1 & y may bud 9 ,july :5 graft+ has fail$ 9 ,m>* & ,april4 ,! disadvantage ( budd+ is t ! trees are r5d]$ "o ye> lat] 9 com+ into be>+ ?an :5 y graft4 ,mr4 ,knight has recomm5d$ a mode ( budd+1 7,hort4 ,trans41 vol4 ,i474 ,he ?us describes ! process3 ,9 ! mon? ( ,june1 z ! luxuriant %oots ( my pea*-trees 7 gr[n suffici5tly firm to p]mit ! op]ation1 ,i ins]t$ buds ( o!r v>ieties into !m1 employ+ two di/9ct ligatures to b9d ! buds 9 _! places4 ,"o ligature 0 fir/ plac$ above ! bud ins]t$1 & ^u ! transv]se section ?r\gh ! b>k2 ! o!r :i* _h no fur!r (fice ?an t ( secur+ ! bud1 0 appli$ 9 ! usual way4 ,z soon z ! buds _h atta*$ !mselves1 ! ligatures la/ appli$ 7 tak5 (f1 b ! o!rs 7 suff]$ to rema94 ,! passage ( ! sap upw>d1 0 9 consequ5ce mu* ob/ruct$1 & ! ins]t$ bud began to vegetate /rongly 9 ,july1 & :5 ^! _h af=d$ %oots ab\t f\r in*es long1 ! rema9+ ligatures 7 tak5 (f to admit ! excess ( sap to pass on1 & ! "y %oots 7 nail$ to ! wall1 be+ !re prop]ly expos$ to light1 _! wood rip5$ well1 & af=d$ blossoms 9 ! succe$+ spr+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we %\ld be pleas$ if any ( our read]s c\ld give u fur!r in=mation ab\t ! %rub describ$ bel[4 ,f ! ,yankee ,blade4 ,,high ,,cranb]ry4 ,a g5tleman ( ?is place hav+ occasion "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 to make an excursion into ! nor!rn "p ( ! /ate1 ne> ,lake ,umbagog1 :]e ! ,magall[ay empties into ! ,&roscogg91 pass$ ?r\gh a l>ge piece ( l[ l&1 compris+ _m acres1 :i* 0 cov]$ ) ! high cranb]ry z f> z ! eye c\ld see1 exhibit+ ! mo/ beautiful & spl5did appe>ance1 p]haps1 ev] display$ f any ( ! spontane\s productions ( ! =e/s ( ,new ,engl&4 ,he says t "s %rubs :i* _h acquir$ ! magnitude ( trees ( sev]al in*es diamet]1 7 lit]ally b5t to ! gr\nd1 "u ! weight ( _! luxuriant fruit2 & su* 0 _! abundance1 t a s+le individual might h ga!r$ m ?an ?irty bu%els 9 a day4 ,! high cranb]ry 9 d5se =e/s1 sometimes acquires ! respectable altitude ( #ae or #bj feet2 b 9 m op5 places1 its height is g5]ally f #f to #h or #aj feet4 ,its /em & leaf v mu* resemble ^? ( ! sn[-ball2 & ! fl[]1 :ile x la/s1 is b little inf]ior 9 elegance & beauty to ! fl[] ( t highly ornam5t$ & mu* e/eem$ %rub4 ,! fruit is small] ?an t ( ! runn+ cranb]ry1 ( a bright r$ color :5 ripe1 & gr[s 9 l>ge1 flat clu/]s on ! ends ( ! bran*es4 ,its ta/e is v acid1 & r au/]e4 ,x conta9s a l>ge1 h>d1 flat se$1 :i* is an objection to ! use ( x )\t sift+ or /ra9+2 b be+ sift$ or /ra9$ aft] /ew+1 x is excell5t = sauce1 pies1 & t>ts4 ,prep>$ ) sug>1 9 ! usual way1 x makes a mo/ delici\s jelly4 ,,orig9al ,,correspond5ce4 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,f9e ,,wool ,,%eep4 ,buskirk's ,bridge1 ,octob]1 #ahdc4 ,i ,,h read ! article head$ ,%eep1 ,paul> ,m]9os1 ov] ! signature ( ,exam9]1 9 ! ,may numb]1 page #eb ( y\r pap]1 purport+ to give u pla9 f>m]s an insight into %eep bre$+1 c42 & :at f9e flocks us$ to be1 :5 ! old fa%ion$ ,m]9o %eep 7 9 _! glory4 ,:at !y 7 a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 ,i _c say1 t 0 be=e ,i _h any ?+ to d ) %eep 9 ?is c\ntry2 b ,i presume t f9e flocks 7 !n n s num]\s z !y are n[4 ,i c n agree ) ! writ]1 t ! f9e flocks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are sadly det]iorat$1 inde$1 ne>ly run out4 ,s9ce #ahbe1 ,i h be5 acqua9t$ ) f9e %eep 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ,i v5ture to say1 t !re are ?ree1 f\r1 or five1 & 9 ?is section1 t51 f9e flocks1 :]e !re 0 b "o #ah ye>s ago4 ,if ,exam9] w honor me ) a visit1 an invitation ,i h]e) cordially t5d] to him1 ,i w %[ him f9e flocks1 consi/+ ( m ?an a few individuals--a doz5 or two1 or may be a few scores1 ( pick$ %eep toge!r1 & kept 9 ! v highe/ possible condition2 no1 b flocks f #ejj to #a1jjj--;ev5 m--:i* might alt] 8 judgm5t1 if t is n sway$ by prejudice4 ,_m ( ^! l>ge flocks %e> on an av]age #c lbs4 & ov]1 ( wool1 well wa%$ on ! %eep's back1 ! quality ( :i* is sup]ior to ! ,paul>1 & old-fa%ion$ ,m]9os2 & ,i d\bt n1 %\ld ,exam9] make a comp>ison betwe5 ! two k9ds himself1 he w\ld pron\nce x sup]f9e2 & besides ! quality1 he w\ld also discov] a great diff]5ce 9 ! condition & cleanl9ess ( ! wool4 ,^! flocks are high-grade ,saxons1 & %[ a result n q s un=tunate z ,exam9] w\ld make u believe4 ,my own flock ( #bdj ewes & lambs & a few bucks1 pure1 unmix$ ,saxons1 ^: p$igree c be trac$ back to ! importations ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 f ! royal flocks ( ,spa91 %e>$ ?is ye> #b lbs4 #ac oz4 p] head2 la/ ye> #b lbs4 #ad oz4 clean wool4 ,if ,i _h _h a proportionate numb] ( wea!rs among !m1 ! av]age w\ld h be5 at lea/ #c lbs4 ,i repeat !n1 t ! wool ( ! ,paul>1 or old fa%ion$ ,m]9os1 does n comp>e ) ! ,saxons & _! crosses 9 quality & condition4 ,if ! fleeces f ! =m] are heavi] ?an f ! latt]1 let x be borne 9 m9d t !y conta9 m gum1 & yolk1 dirt1 c412 are n s f9e1 & t ! %eep consume a great] quantity ( fe$4 ,^! are facts well kn[n to e good judge ( wool1 & to e exp]i5c$1 practical %eph]d4 ,i w\ld ask :e!r ,exam9] _h 8 eyes clos$ aga9/ !m :5 he 0 exam9+ ! f9e-wool$ flocks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & decl>$ !m sadly det]iorat$1 inde$1 ne>ly run out4 ,i d n pret5d1 ,mr4 ,editor1 t ,i am acqua9t$ ) all ! f9e flocks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b all[ me to say1 t my acqua9tance among ! wool-gr[]s is pretty ext5sive4 ,i am a pur*as]1 z well z a gr[] ( wool1 & h&le no inconsid]able quantities ye>ly4 ,my pur*ases ?is ye> am\nt to ov] #acj1jjj lbs41 & ,i h exam9$ at lea/ #cjj1jjj lbs41 & a great v>iety ( flocks ( diff]5t grades & "*1 h come "u my obs]vation--%eep kept 9 ! v l[e/ up to ! v highe/ condition4 ,i h always f\nd1 t :]e ! blood ( ! old fa%ion$ ,m]9os1 ,paul>s1 or :atev] _! possessors are pleas$ to call !m1 pr$om9at$1 !re also ,i f\nd gum1 yolk1 dirt1 & o!r sub/ances adh]+ to ! wool1 9 great abundance1 unfit to make clo? (1 :i* goes f> to make up ! great] weight ( fleece ov] ! ,saxony4 ,inde$1 sir1 :5 g5tlem5 talk ( f9e fleeces weigh+ #h1 #i1 or #aj lbs4 !y =get to m5tion includ+ gum1 yolk1 dirt1 & o!r sub/ances adh]+ to ! fleece4 ,"s ye>s s9ce1 ,i saw a lot ( old fa%ion$ ,m]9o wool at a factory 9 ,massa*usetts1 :i* ! manufactur] assur$ me w\ld lose #ee p] c5t4 9 cleans+4 ,inde$1 said he1 we c nev] e/imate ! dirt 9 su* wool correctly2 x always exce$s our e/imate1 & we inv>iably suff] loss4 ,& rec5tly1 a g5tleman1 a deal] 9 wool1 told me t he s5t ?is season1 a l>ge quantity to ,bo/on to be sold1 & t on mak+ sale ( "s #cf1jjj lbs41 ! manufactur] :o b\ght x1 reject$ all gummy1 dirty fleeces1 decl>+ t he w\ld n h !m1 z su* wool w\ld lose m ?an #ej p] c5t4 9 cleans+4 ,& to use ! g5tleman's own words1 !re x lies1 9 a corn] ( ! wool room1 & ,i d n "k :at to d ) x2 obs]v+ at ! same "t1 t ! manufactur]s 7 gett+ m cunn+4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! supply fell %ort ( ! dem&1 & almo/ any wool1 h[ev] gummy & dirty1 f\nd ready pur*as]s2 = manufactur]s 7 (t5 compell$ to buy x1 9 ord] to keep _! ma*9]y 9 op]ation2 b t "t has gone by1 & !y are n[ m *oice 9 _! selections1 & :5 !y come across a lot ( su* wool !y pass x by1 ) obs]vations l ^!3 ,i d n want x1 x is too dirty1 let him keep x = "s body else6 ,9 y\r ,july numb]1 page #acj & #aca1 ,mr4 ,editor1 y h made a calculation ( ! numb] ( %eep1 & ! quantity ( wool obta9$ !refrom4 ,! c5sus ( #ahdj %[s1 say #bj1jjj1jjj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( ?is numb] y e/imate only #aa1jjj1jjj %orn %eep1 yield+ #bd1ejj1jjj lbs4 ( wool1 & ! lambs at #i1jjj1jjj4--,) due def]5ce to y\r sup]ior opportunities = in=mation1 ,i beg leave to say t y are ov] e/imat+ ! numb] ( lambs1 = e practical wool-gr[] kn[s1 t t proportion is too l>ge--if y _h said "o ?ird1 y w\ld h come ne>] ! tru?4 ,i ?9k y are mi/ak5 also t ! c5sus ( #ahdj includ$ lambs1 x 0 exclusive ( lambs47a7 ,y are1 h[ev]1 p]fectly safe 9 e/imat+ ! av]age weight ( fleece 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at #b lbs4 ,?is is c]ta9ly too l[ by "o f\r? ( a p\nd47b7 ,9 ?is region x exce$s #b lbs4 ,!n y say1 t by produc+ a sup]ior quality ( wool1 its value w\ld be increas$ n9e c5ts p] p\nd2 ?is c]ta9ly is atta9able2 b ! way 9 :i* y propose to br+ x ab\t1 namely1 by cross+ ) ! ,paul>1 or old-fa%ion$ ,m]9os1 y w\ld n obta9 t end1 ?\s&s ( f9e flocks w\ld be r$uc$ 9 quality47c7 ,9 ?is section x w\ld r$uce ! quality z mu* z y wi% to improve x4 ,co>se %eep w\ld be improv$ by ! cross2 b to apply x to all ! %eep 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z ,i und]/& y to say1 y w\ld f9d y\rself v mu* mi/ak5 9 ! result4 ,i v5ture to say1 t on ! same quantity ( fe$1 y c n increase ! heft ( fleece ( a f9e flock %e>+ f #b to #c lbs41 by y\r cross up to #c to #d lbs4 p] head1 & h ! wool 9 equally good condition47d7 ,an increase ( fe$ w d mu* t[>d increas+ ! heft ( fleece4 ,a few words m & ,i h done4 ,exam9]1 page #eb1 says3 ,z to ,paul> ,bucks1 x /rikes me t y might1 = any practical purpose1 j z well h advis$ a cross ( ! fabul\s ,unicorn1 = x w\ld be j z easy to f9d ! "o z ! o!r at ! pres5t "t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 = dep5d ^u x1 !re is no su* ?+ n[ exi/+1 z a ,paul> ,buck1 nor any ?+ des]v+ ! "n 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,& y say t !re are /ill l>ge & valuable flocks scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry47e7 ,h4 ,d4 ,,grove4 7a7 ,imm$iately ^u ! receipt ( ?is lett] ( ,mr4 ,grove's we wrote on to ,wa%+ton to asc]ta9 ! facts 9 ! case1 b 7 answ]$ t ! c5sus bureau 0 aboli%$1 & !y c\ld n tell4 ,we "k t :5 ! p]son = tak+ ! c5sus 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* we 7 !n resid+1 call$ ^u u1 he requir$ ! numb] ( colts1 calves1 lambs1 & pigs1 al?\gh "s ( !m 7 only ?ree days old at ! "t2 & to our objection ( r5d]+ an acc\nt ( su* "y /ock1 he rem>k$1 nev] m9d1 !y w be gr[n :5 ! c5sus appe>s1 & x is ! law4 ,mo/ ( ^? to :om we h put ! "q ab\t r5d]+ an acc\nt ( ! lambs 9 _! flocks1 say !y did s2 o!rs d n recollect4 ,if !re has be5 irregul>ity ) %eep-own]s 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( _! lambs1 ( c\rse we are incorrect2 & we ?9k1 ^u reflection1 we may h e/imat$ ! numb] ( lambs too high2 ?\gh1 on ! o!r h&1 we are q c]ta9 ,mr4 ,grove has set !m d[n z entirely too few2 = we "k flocks t produce )9 a fraction z _m lambs annually z !re are bre$+ ewes4 7b7 ,p]haps :5 ,mr4 ,grove has travell$ s\? & we/ m ext5sively1 & se5 9 ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april1 z _m half-b>e %eep z we h1 :i* %$ _! wool f disease1 want ( c>e1 c41 he may come to a diff]5t conclusion4 ,we h (t5 se5 flocks 9 ! same condition at ! nor? too1 leav+ _m ( our f>m]s little to boa/ ( 9 ?is respect4 7c7 ,we h turn$ to ! article to :i* ,mr4 ,grove alludes1 b really1 we d n f9d t we us$ ! expressions attribut$ to u4 ,we said ,spani% ,m]9o1 also1 unadult]at$ ,m]9o2 mean+ !reby1 ! ,ramb\illets m p>ticul>ly4 ,we also spoke 9 g5]al t]ms1 9 recomm5d+ ! use ( ^!4 ,su* a flock ( ,saxons z ,mr4 ,grove's we w\ld especially except2 & if ! acc\nts :i* we he> ( !m be correct1 & we h no d\bt !y are1 we w\ld n cross !m ) any?+ less f9e ?an !mselves4 ,!y are unque/ionably sup]ior animals1 z is prov$ by _! sup]ior weights ( fleece1 & ! high price ! wool comm&s2 & we wi%1 s9ce ! "n ( ,saxon has be5 s basely misus$ 9 ?is c\ntry by mis]able c\nt]feits1 t ,mr4 ,grove w\ld give 8 flock ! "n ( ,electoral2 = !y & _! desc5dants are probably ! only ones entitl$ to x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,) ?is "n1 !y w\ld !n fairly /& alo( f ! common h]d1 z !y des]ve1 & n be associat$ 9 idea h]eaft]1 ) ! mis]able riff-raff ( ! c\ntry1 pass+ "u ! g5]al "n ( ,saxons4 ,x is our int5tion next season to call & see ,mr4 ,grove's flock4 7d7 ,we meant to be und]/ood z allud+ to a cross on ! co>s] & m re/iff %eep ( ! c\ntry1 :5 we spoke ( obta9+ an increase ( weight ( wool on ! same food1 & we "k t ?is c be done4 7e7 ,true en\gh1 b we did n say ^! valuable flocks 7 ,paul>s2 nor did we g s f> z to ass]t t !y 7 pure ,m]9os ( any di/9ct "n4 ,we wi% x und]/ood1 t we d n endorse all ! op9ions ( ,exam9] any m ?an we d o!r correspond5ts--he speaks = himself1 & we = ourselves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,sea-,,mud ,,z ,a ,,f]tiliz]4 ,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i41 ,novemb] #h?1 #ahdc4 ,,c y in=m me :e!r ! sea-mud :i* is f\nd on ! %ore1 bel[ high-wat] m>k1 is ( any value to ! f>m]2 & if x is1 9 :at way w\ld y advise t x %\ld be appli$8 ,d y ?9k t x w\ld answ] 9 a compo/ heap1 or w\ld x be pref]able to put x into ! cattle-y>d or hog-p58 ,i h ?\ght t ! only objection to us+ x w\ld be on acc\nt ( ! great quantity ( salt1 :i* x conta9s2 al?\gh ,leibig & o!r celebrat$ writ]s1 speak 9 v favorable t]ms ^u ! application ( salt4 ,& "h arises ano!r "q4 ,are n ^? f>ms :i* are situat$ ^u ! sea-%ore suffici5tly suppli$ ) salt by ! w9ds :i* are con/antly sweep+ ov] !m8 ,johnson rem>ks t ?is is ! case1 & if ?is is s1 w\ld n ! application ( ?is sea-mud be too /rong8 al?\gh ,i am incl9$ to believe t by dry+ ! mud1 mu* ( ! virtue ( ! salt w\ld necess>ily be de/roy$1 & z sea-wat] conta9s1 z ,leibig /ates1 _m v f]tiliz+ qualities1 ?is mud :i* p]haps has be5 accumulat+ = ages1 mu/ h imbib$ a l>ge quantity ( all ^? prop]ties1 ( :i* sea-wat] is compos$4 ,by answ]+ ^! que/ions y w greatly oblige "o ( y\r subscrib]s4 ,r4 ,b4 ,c4 ,= an answ] to ! above see page #cbb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ communication 0 read be=e ! ,new ,york ,f>m]s' ,club by ! ,hon4 ,h5ry ,meigs at its meet+ ,augu/ #bi1 & is oblig+ly furni%$ u = publication4 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,f>m ,,( ,,hugh ,,maxwell1 ,esq4 ,,good ,,effects ,,( ,,m>l4--,9 a conv]sation ) ,hugh ,maxwell1 ,esq41 "s %ort "t s9ce1 he /at$ "s facts 9 relation to ! f]tilis+ p[] ( a r$ m>l abundantly exi/+ at ,nyack1 :i* induc$ me to visit ! spot4 ,i f\nd ,mr4 ,maxwell's f>m ( #aaj acres b\nd$ by ! ,hudson1 well wor? a visit4 ,! :ole 0 9 excell5t f5ce1 made ( ! loose /ones f\nd on ! l&1 neatly pil$ ab\t #d feet high1 =m+ fields ( f #d to #h acres4 ,! =mation ( ^! f5ces has us$ ne>ly all ! /ones :i* 7 on ! surface ( ! l&s4 ,& 9 ?is x w\ld seem z if ,div9e ,provid5ce _h caus$ ! rocks to be di/ribut$ ( ! prop] size = f5c+4 ,_h ! pieces be5 mu* l>g] or small] !y w\ld n h answ]$ ! purpose s well z !y n[ d4 ,if !y _h be5 plant$ two feet "u gr\nd1 or _h be5 pil$ 9 l>g] masses1 ! labor ( f5c+ w\ld h be5 v greatly increas$4 ,?is f>m1 z well z all ^? ab\t ,nyack1 lies on ! s+ul> mass ( s&/one includ$ by a front ( ab\t five miles on ! riv]4 ,all ! surr\nd+ rocks are ( o!r mat]ials4 ,?is s&/one1 :5 qu>ri$1 exhibits /rata ( a k9d ( r$ m>l ( _m feet 9 ?ickness1 ly+ betwe5 /rata ( ! s&/one4 ,! qu>ry-m5 ?r[ x out ( _! way1 & millions ( loads are ly+ ne> ! wat]'s edge1 s t 9 _m places vessels c lie alongside a b$ ( x1 & slide x on bo>d4 ,on ,mr4 ,maxwell's f>m1 ! =m] proprietor1 desir\s ( mak+ ext5sive h>d walks ?r\gh 8 g>d51 caus$ ?is m>l to be put ^u !m ab\t "o foot deep4 ,soon aft] ?is 0 f9i%$1 ! walks began to produce clov]2 ! :ite 9 su* pr(usion & p]sev]+ succession1 t all prospect ( us+ ! pa?s 9 t condition 0 ab&on$3 !y c\ld n be kept 9 ord] by ! hoe4 ,mr4 ,maxwell be+ /rongly impress$ by ?is occurr5ce1 det]m9$ on apply+ x to ! surface ( 8 f>m4 ,i saw a field ( corn ( sev]al acres :i* _h be5 top-dress$ ?is ye> ) ! r$ m>l1 n[ be>+ n less ?an #hj bu%els ( %ell$ corn to ! acre--z great a product z is obta9$ f ! be/ city manure1 co/+ at ,nyack ne>ly #cg c5ts p] load4 ,i saw an upl& field ( :eat1 on :i*1 z an exp]im5t1 ,mr4 ,maxwell _h top-dress$ ) ?is m>l a space ( ?ree rods by two1 f :i* ,i pull$ an av]age bun* ( /raw-/ubble1 t is m ?an d\ble ! size & weight ( any l p>cel ( /ubble1 to be f\nd 9 ! :ole field ( sev]al acres4 ,un=tunately ! husb&man _h cradl$ all ! :eat indiscrim9ately1 :i* prev5t$ ,mr4 ,maxwell f exam9+ ! sep>ate product ( ! :eat4 ,i %\ld n hesitate to pron\nce x a d\ble product4 ,mr4 ,m4 top-dress$ a field ( oats ) ?is m>l1 & ! yield 0 #gj bu%els p] acre4 ,he top-dress$ a field ( clov] ) x ! ?ird ye> f ! se$+1 & ! product is heavi] ?an ! crop ( ! second ye>4 ,?is field 0 dress$ ) t5 loads ( m>l p] acre4 ,! corn is l>ge #ab-r[ yell[1 & ! /alks are ab\t #aj feet high4 ,! corn-blades nev] curl$ dur+ ! late dr\ght1 :ile o!r fields all curl$4 ,! corn 0 work$ ) ! h&-h>r[ once1 ) ! cultivator twice1 & 0 ho$ twice4 ,no pl[+ betwe5 ! hills4 ,mr4 ,m4 ?9ks t 9 dry wea!r x is v injuri\s to run ! pl[ ?r\gh1 = x cuts ! small] roots ( ! corn4 ,he has tri$ #be bu%els ( hickory a%es1 aga9/ #be ( an?racite coal a%es1 & f\nd no p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! result4 ,! g5]al effect ( ?is r$ m>l is p]ceptible 9 almo/ e plant & tree 9 t vic9ity4 ,fruit-trees are especially vigor\s & free f disease4 ,fl[]+ %rubs1 roses p>ticul>ly1 seem n to h be5 t\*$ by any insect4 ,i pull$ up a mulle9 /alk gr[+ on a nak$ m\nd ( ?is m>l1 :i* measures n9e feet 9 height1 & ! fl[] /em1 :i* is cov]$ ) buds1 is f\r feet 9 ext5t4 ,! trees1 except+ pea* alone1 are m ?riv+ ?an ^? ,i h any:]e se54 ,! pea*-trees h ! yell[s4 ,moss roses gr[+ 9 ri* grass are rem>kably /rong2 ,mr4 ,m4 f9ds t !y d bett] closely surr\nd$ by grass ?an 9 cle> gr\nd4 ,he has t5 k9ds ( heal?y *]ry-trees1 includ+ ! r$ & :ite ox-he>t1 & ! bull's eye4 ,he has freely giv51 & wi%es to di/ribute buds & grafts to all ^? :o ask = !m4 ,mr4 ,m4 has v heal?y apricots1 :i* h yield$ f9e fruit4 ,he smok$ ! blossoms ) sulphur & pit*1 & all ! fruit 0 p]fect4 ,?is smok+ 0 done 9 ! ev5+4 ,"s ( ! fields _h nev] be5 b p>tially cultivat$1 on acc\nt ( be+ s swamp$ t cattle mir$ 9 !m4 ,he made 9 "o f\r-acre field a dra9 t5 rods long1 & ?ree feet deep1 fill$ 9 ) co>se /one4 ,?is dra9 =m$ a p]petual spr+ = 8 cattle1 & ?is b>r5 field has n[ buck:eat ( at lea/ ?irty bu%els p] acre4 ,"o & a half bu%els ( se$ 0 s[$ p] acre4 ,no manure ne$$4 ,?is dra9 co/ #a4ge4 ,twelve acres 7 dra9$ 9 ! same /yle at a co/ ( #aej2 ?is field is n[ f9e1 & asks = no manure f ,new ,york1 or ,nyack m>l4 ,he pref]s ! same am\nt ( m>l to be/ ,new ,york city manure = all gra9s & grapes4 ,mr4 ,m4 has ! old ,engli% yew ?riv+ 9 op5 air 9 w9t]4 ,! ,european m\nta9 a%1 :ite & r$ l9d51 r$ maple1 weep+ a%1 weep+ bee*1 weep+ elm1 ,madeira nut1 7"o five ye>s old be>+ fruit17 ,spani% *e/nut n[ 9 fruit1 7?is tree has also "s blossoms on x at ?is "t47 ,apricots graft$ on plum /ock are v ?rifty4 ,a ,,rem>kable ,,horse4--,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,mr4 ,maxwell's b>n-y>d1 ,i notic$ a c\ple ( horses1 "o ( :i* 0 hoppl$ ) a /rong iron *a94 ,:at mis*iev\s "y horse h y !re8 ,he repli$1 x is my old family m>e ,kate1 :o has c>ri$ me1 & my wife & *ildr51 safely = ! la/ "o & tw5ty ye>s6 ,i b\ght h] :5 %e 0 ab\t f\r ye>s old1 b %e w break f5ces n[ 7wood5 ones7 ) h] irons on1 %e is s active & cunn+4 ,,locu/ ,,eggs4--,i rem>k$ at ,nyack ! "w ( ! locu/1 & ,mr4 ,m4 & ,?omas ,addis ,emmet1 ,esq41 exam9$ ) a good microscope1 a twig work$ by ! little insect4 ,! twig be+ split 9 ! l9e ( ! "w1 exhibit$ ! :ole process ( ! egg deposite4 ,! twig is pi]c$ ne>ly to its c5tre at e ?ree qu>t]s ( an in*1 or ne>ly s2 ! wood is r5d]$ fibr\s1 x is !n lift$ up1 & ! eggs1 :i* are ( a long1 oval =m1 are deposit$ side by side at an angle ( ab\t #de degrees to ! gra9 ( ! twig1 & ! fibr\s tuft ( wood plac$ ov] !m1 ) its end /ick+ out2 ^! incisions be+ repeat$ e in* on a l9e = "s few in*es 9 ea* twig4 ,) ! microscope1 we saw ! eyes ( ! "y locu/s always heads to ! c5tre4 ,! g5]al outl9e ( ! "y animal 0 p]ceptible ?r\gh its delicate membran\s cov]4 ,!y mov$ slightly on be+ di/urb$4 ,almo/ e twig s op]at$ on by ! locu/ 0 entirely dead4 ,! magnify+ p[] ( ! microscope 0 p]haps #dj or #ej4 ,,value ,,( ,,an ,,or*>d4--,i visit$ an apple or*>d at ,nyack1 :i* arre/$ my att5tion by its regul> & heal?y appe>ance4 ,i f\nd "y ,van ,h\ton at home1 :o1 ) p]fect good feel+ & true polit5ess1 gave me ! acc\nt ( ! or*>d :i* ,i desir$4 ,:5 8 fa!r 0 ab\t fifty ye>s ( age1 he und]took to plant #aej w9t] pipp9-trees on t spot4 ,8 neighbors ?\ght him an old fool to plant twigs ( apple at 8 "t ( day4 ,"y ,van ,h\ton1 !n ab\t #af ye>s ( age1 held ! little nursl+s 9 ! holes :ile 8 fa!r fill$ 9 ! soil4 ,! old g5tleman cont9u$ to prune !m1 s t !y are widely bran*$ & op5 = air & sun )9 ! mass ( bran*es4 ,= tw5ty or tw5ty-two ye>s pa/1 ! old g5tleman has (t5 receiv$ #a1jjj a ye> = 8 apples4 ,sometimes #f p] b>rel2 sometimes sold 9 ! or*>d = #a p] b>rel4 ,t old g5tleman & 8 wife are n[1 betwe5 !m1 #agd ye>s old4 ,let no man be afraid to plant w9t] pipp9s because he is fifty or sixty ye>s ( age4 ,i h be5 highly pleas$ ) my excursion4 ,:5 g5tlem5 ( high rank 9 le>n$ pr(essions are f\nd turn+ t intellectual =ce :i* has influ5c$ ! mo/ weal?y & intellig5t portion ( mank9d1 f law1 politics1 c41 to t greate/1 be/ ( all arts--agriculture1 ,i look = good results & ,i f9d !m4 ,! old _w is h>d at "w 9 ?is direction1 & ,i hope t we %all wat* h] op]ations ) ! eye ( our own bird1 & see to x1 t we be n excell$ 9 any good ?+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,m$it]ranean ,,:eat4 ,:eatl&1 ,va41 ,novemb] #b1 #ahdc4 ,i h notic$ y\r rem>ks 9 ! ,octob] ,no4 ( y\r pap]1 on ! ,m$it]ranean :eat4 ,y\r views co9cid$ ) m9e :5 ,i fir/ s[$ ?is v>iety ( :eat2 b ,i h s[n x n[ = two seasons1 & ! *ange has be5 s great 9 ! color1 z to conv9ce me t by cultivat+ x "h1 x w lose its d>k color1 & become z good 9 t respect1 & yield z mu* fl\r z any :eat we h4 ,! two seasons ,i h rais$ x1 x has be5 ! be/ :eat ,i _h4 ,i h d\bts :e!r x w till] z mu* z "s o!r v>ieties1 & !re=e s[ x mu* ?ick]4 ,,rob]t ,l4 ,,wright4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,topp+ ,,cotton--,,m>l4 ,sumpt] ,di/rict1 ,s4 ,c41 ,nov4 #d?1 #ahdc4 ,,9 ^? excell5t matt]-(-fact articles on ! cultivation ( cotton1 :i* h appe>$ 9 ! late numb]s ( y\r pap]1 by ,dr4 ,philips ( ,miss41 & :i*1 by ! way1 are ! be/ ,i h ev] se5 on ! subject1 ,i d n recollect t he has t\*$ ^u ! subject ( topp+ cotton4 ,i h made "o exp]im5t 9 ?is1 & 0 pleas$ ) ! result4 ,"s plant]s nor? ( u1 ,i und]/&1 h also tri$ ?is me?od1 & f9d ! cotton is n s apt to %$1 z :5 x is n topp$1 especially 9 wet seasons4 ,ord9>ily we reckon ! fir/ week 9 ,augu/ ! be/ "t = topp+2 b ?is1 ( c\rse1 w dep5d ^u ! season1 & ! =w>dness ( ! crop--= sometimes x mu/ be e>li]1 & sometimes lat]4 ,i tri$ ! effects ( :at ,i suppose to be m>l1 on a small spot 9 "o ( my fields1 say ab\t "o acre4 ,! m>l ,i judge to be ( poor quality1 yet c n say1 positively1 z ,i h no analysis ( x4 ,i dug x out 9 ,janu>y la/1 & spread x broad-ca/1 at ! rate ( #cj loads to ! acre1 z l>ge z an ord9>y pair ( mules w\ld c>ry4 ,x seem$ to pulv]ize well1 expos$ to ! sev]e fro/ ( la/ w9t]1 & ,i pl[$ x 9 deep] ?an ,i usually pl[1 & h>r[$ ! l& well4 ,! result is1 ,i %all get full "o ?ird if n "o half m cotton (f ( ?is piece ?an any o!r "p ( ! field1 :i* m ?an pays me = ! tr\ble4 ,i ne$ n say t we read ! articles on manures 9 ! ,agriculturi/ ) mu* int]e/2 = _m ( u are beg9n+ to le>n t x is n only easi] & bett]1 b ev5 *eap] to r5ovate our old l&s1 ?an emigrate to a new c\ntry & br+ new l&s into cultivation4 ,c4 ,,mcd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,:eat4 ,buffalo1 ,octob] #be?1 #ahdc4 ,,!re are f\r conditions t modify ! value ( a :eat crop4 ,"o may n only be l>g] 9 measure ?an ano!r1 b heavi] = ! same measure2 yield+ m fl\r f a giv5 weight2 & la/ly1 af=d+ a great] proportion ( glut5 f ! same quantity ( fl\r4 ,x is necess>y = ! f>m] to h ea* ( ^! consid]ations 9 view1 if he w\ld atta9 ! utmo/ success 9 ! cultivation ( ?is invaluable gra94 ,my object1 9 ?is brief article1 w be1 to af=d "s helps to ! agriculturi/ 9 increas+ ! ultimate value ( 8 crop4 ,z a />t+ po9t1 x w1 p]haps1 be mo/ in/ructive to inquire1 :at are ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( :eat8 ,spr5gel has analyz$ bo? gra9 & /raw1 & ! foll[+ is ! result3--#ajjj lbs4 ( :eat af=d #aagg lbs4 & ( :eat /raw1 #ceah lbs4 ( a%1 consi/+ ( ,gra9 ( :eat4 ,/raw ( :eat4 ,pota% #bbe lbs4 #jbj lbs4 ,soda #bdj #bi ,lime #if #bdj ,magnesia #ij #cb ,alum9a ) a trace ( iron #bf #ij ,silica #djj #bhgj ,sulphuric acid #ej #cg ,phosphoric acid #dj #agj ,*lor9e #aj #jcj ----- ----- #aagg #ceah ,?is analysis %[s an am\nt ( a% f> bel[ ! av]age4 ,davy f\nd #aee lbs4 ( a% 9 #ajj lbs4 ( ripe :eat /raw2 & ,john/one1 9 "o v>iety1 gr[n on a soil ab\nd+ 9 lime/one1 #afe p] c5t4 ( a%4 ,?us x w be se51 accord+ to ! above analysis ( ,spr5gel1 t ( ! total ( gra91 less ?an #a p] c5t41 & ( /raw1 r m ?an #c p] c5t4 is e>?y or inorganic matt]2 :ile all ! rema9d] is compos$ ( ! organic mat]ials1 c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & nitrog51 ( :i* c>bon alone con/itutes ab\t "o half4 ,all ^! con/itu5ts are absolutely ess5tial to ! p]fection ( ! crop4 ,9 ! natural condition ( a f]tile soil :5 fir/ reclaim$1 ^! mat]ials are usually f\nd 9 suffici5t abundance to produce :eat4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( ne>ly all ! l& 9 ,new ,engl&1 & ! ea/]n portion ( our own /ate2 b a few ye>s ( c>eless1 unsci5tific cropp+1 has exhau/$ "o or m ( ^? con/itu5ts :i* may h exi/$ 9 an available =m2 & mu* ( x1 aft] a v few ( ! fir/ ye>s ( its cultivation1 has be5 ( little or no value = :eat1 "u ! sy/em ( tillage !re adopt$4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ by ,dr4 ,dana1 t 9 a soil purely granitic 7& mu* ( ! l& 9 t region p>takes ( ?is "*71 !re is pota% en\gh = successive crops ( :eat = #c1jjj ye>s1 & lime en\gh to la/ m ?an twice t p]iod4 ,b ! result is ! same = ! gr[+ vegetation1 :e!r ! mat]ials d n exi/ at all1 or are lock$ up beyond ! rea* ( x4 ,x is absolutely c]ta91 if :eat w n gr[ ) c>e & indu/ry1 & all ! usual appliances ( good husb&ry1 :]e x once n\ri%$ successfully1 !re is "o or m +r$i5ts want$1 9 su* a condition1 t ! plants c appropriate !m to _! own n\ri%m5t4 ,& fir/ ( ! inorganic matt]s4 ,! proportion ( /raw w v>y f #b to #c times ! weight ( ! gra94 ,suppose ! quantity tak5 (f ! l& be e/imat$ at #b times ! weight ( ! gra94 ,9 a s]ies ( crops av]ag+ #bj bu%els ( :eat p] acre1 = #cj ye>s1 we %all h z ! result #cf1jjj lbs4 ( gra91 & #ij1jjj lbs4 ( /raw c>ri$ (f ! soil1 *>g$ ) all ! mat]ials above enum]at$1 & probably suffici5t to r$uce ! l& to a v small capacity = production4 ,"s limit$ portions ( ! e>?1 z ! pla9s ( ,babylon1 :5 "u skilful cultivation1 ! valleys ( ! ,indus & ! ,nile1 & ! fields ( ,sicily1 almo/ s9ce ! days ( ! flood1 h produc$ luxuriantly1 )\t ! aid ( manure to any ext5t2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ ! =m] h _! f]tility annually r5ew$ by ! ri* ov]fl[+s ( ! riv]s1 :i* are *>g$ ) all ! mat]ials necess>y to re/ore exhau/$ nature2 :ile ! soil ( ! la/1 be+ :olly ( basaltic orig91 is ri* 9 ! alkalies1 :i* a ye> or two ( re/1 is suffici5t to repl5i% 9 a soluble /ate1 to be aga9 tak5 up by ! luxuriant crop4 ,h5ce1 we h witness$ a dra9age ( ne>ly all ! products f ^! f]tile regions1 = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 ) impunity4 ,b !y are exceptions :i* only g to prove ! g5]al rule4 ,! f>m] mu/ look to x1 t all ! +r$i5ts t ent] into 8 crops1 are suppli$ by ! mat]ials 9 8 soil1 or a defici5cy1 or entire failure1 w be ! inevitable result4 ,al?\gh all ! con/itu5ts ent]+ into ! /raw & gra91 are absolutely ess5tial to _! p]fection1 !y are n all equally ess5tial to be conta9$ 9 ! soil4 ,x is indisp5sable1 h[ev]1 t ! e>?y or inorganic portion ( !m be !re1 = ^! c n be obta9$ else:]e4 ,h[ %all !y be be/ suppli$8 ,a%es1 x is believ$1 af=d ! *eape/1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ effectual applications t c be made = gra94 ,( ! t5 fix$ +r$i5ts enum]at$ z ent]+ into :eat1 a%es yield pota%1 soda1 lime1 magnesia1 sulphuric & phosphoric acids1 9 l>ge proportions1 & silica & iron 9 small]4 ,! *emical op]ation ( ! pota%1 & c>bonate & sulphate ( lime1 h[ev]1 :5 add$ to ! soil1 is to supply ! silica1 9 a soluble /ate1 f its natural condition1 7x be+ f\nd 9 abundance = ?is object 9 e soil1 except 9 su* z are =m$ almo/ exclusively ( peat17 = ! dem&s ( ! crop4 ,an increas$ supply ( lime & gypsum1 beyond :at is f\nd 9 ! a%es1 is frequ5tly advantage\s2 & :5 ! latt] is b5eficial1 z x g5]ally is1 x %\ld nev] be )held to an ext5t 9 ! highe/ degree useful4 ,( ! op]ation ( ?is la/ mat]ial1 beyond yield+ a portion ( its sulphur to ! glut51 we h z yet no satisfactory explanation4 ,9 respect to ! !ory ( its conc5trat+ ammonia 9 ! soil f ! atmosph]e1 we h v contradictory au?ority4 ,liebig ass]ts x1 ,john/one que/ions x1 & ,dana d5ies x2 yet ! increas+ f]tility its application produces1 w\ld seem to give ! weight ( exp]i5ce 9 favor ( ,liebig's views4 ,! *lor9e & soda1 if n furni%$ by ! a%es 9 proportions suffici5tly l>ge1 may be procur$ by ! application ( common salt1 :i* yields bo?4 ,! phosphoric acid may be obta9$ 9 any requir$ quantity1 by ! addition ( bones1 :i*1 dry or calc9$1 yield bo? t acid & lime1 phosphate ( lime con/itut+ #hf p] c5t4 ( bones4 ,mo/ soils conta9 alum9a 9 abundance to furni% ! food requisite = :eat2 yet z x is "o ( ! mo/ valuable soils = ?is gra91 bo? z seiz+ ^u & reta9+ ammonia1 & furni%+ a firm foo?old = ! roots ( ! plants1 x is important t l&s int5d$ = ?is purpose1 %\ld be adequately suppli$ ) alum9a z a top-dress+1 if naturally defici5t 9 x4 ,we h1 !n1 above1 all ! inorganic mat]ials = ! purpose requir$4 ,b !re is ab\t #ig p] c5t4 ( ! crop yet to be made up ( ! organic con/itu5ts1 c>bon1 oxyg51 nitrog51 & hydrog54 ,h[ %all !y be provid$ =8 ,fir/1 by ! selection ( a calc>e\s or clay soil1 :i* w furni% a prop] b$ = ! roots ( ! plant1 & by _! peculi> me*anical texture & *emical composition1 w n only hold ! manures incorporat$ ) !m1 b also draw "s ( ! requisite con/itu5ts l>gely f ! air2 ! =m] absorb+ c>bonic acid1 & ! latt] ammonia4 ,second1 by ! lib]al application ( common f>m-y>d manure1 to a crop prec$+ t ( :eat1 :i* w leave a ri* m\ld highly conducive to an abundant yield ( p]fect gra94 ,an in/ance has be5 rec5tly giv51 ( a ,m>yl& f>m] rais+ l>ge successive crops ( :eat1 by ! application ( putresc5t manure directly ^u ! gra91 & all injuri\s effects 7 obviat$ by ! use ( a mod]ate quantity ( lime4 ,?is is a practice1 h[ev]1 :i* has n be5 f\nd g5]ally to be successful1 caus+ ei!r blight1 or su* rapid & luxuriant gr[?1 z to cr9kle & lodge4 ,?is effect is also produc$ 9 peaty & ri* alluvial soils1 :]e ! silicate ( pota%1 s ess5tial to ! =mation ( a /rong1 upright /alk1 is n furni%$ 9 a quantity l>ge en\gh = ! object4 ,?ird1 ! lib]al use ( *>coal scatt]$ ?r\gh ! soil4 ,x is claim$ f its use1 t ! :eat crop ( ,france has be5 l>gely augm5t$ )9 ! few pa/ ye>s4 ,sev]al in/ances ( its greatly b5eficial effects1 h be5 notic$ 9 ?is c\ntry2 ?\gh its influ5ce has n hi!rto be5 felt on :eat1 by an ext5sive ,virg9ia plant]1 9 two or ?ree rec5t exp]im5ts4 ,! great p[] ( cond5s+ gases peculi> to *>coal1 0 notic$ by "s ( ! e>ly *emi/s4 ,murray m5tions x1 & ,saussure gives a table ( results1 9 :i* he %[s t p]fectly dry *>coal f boxwood1 w absorb #ij volumes ( ammonia2 #he ( muriatic acid2 #fe ( sulphur\s acid2 #ee ( sulphurett$ hydrog52 #ce ( c>bonic acid1 c4 ,?is cond5sation takes place 9 its pores1 & does n produce any alt]ation1 or new *emical comp\nds ( ! gases ?us /or$ up2 b _! use 9 an agricultural po9t ( view1 is invaluable2 = :ile ! coal yields no f]tiliz+ matt] f its own sub/ance1 be+ ne>ly inde/ructible1 x takes f ! atmosph]e 9 great abundance1 & ho>ds up = ! future use ( ! plants1 "o ( ! mo/ evanesc5t1 z well z mo/ useful mat]ials = _! p]fection1 viz41 ! nitrog5 conta9$ 9 ! ammonia4 ,a f\r? means = procur+ a good yield ( :eat1 is by alt]nat+ ) clov]1 & turn+ 9 a lib]al %>e ( x z a prep>ation = ! :eat4 ,?is is practis$ ext5sively ?r\gh\t ! :eat di/ricts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & has result$ 9 great b5efit2 = besides yield+ a portion ( food to ! gra91 x keeps ! gr\nd 9 ! be/ possible me*anical condition4 ,a fif? means1 is to return all ! /raw & *aff to ! soil1 z !y conta9 a l>ge quantity ( ! id5tical mat]ials requir$ = a succe$+ crop4 ,) ! =ego+ causes 9 full action1 & an adequate supply ( moi/ure1 :e!r f ra9s1 dews1 or artificial irrigation1 ! crop w draw l>gely f ! atmosph]e = ! supply ( its requir$ organic con/itu5ts4 ,c>bon w be furni%$ f its c>bonic acid2 nitrog5 f its ammonia2 hydrog5 f its vapor1 dews1 & ammonia2 & oxyg5 f air1 wat]1 & soil4 ,! use ( all ^! mat]ials1 toge!r ) ! selection ( ! be/ v>ieties ( se$1 w give ! fir/ ?ree requisites ( a :eat crop2 l>ge measure1 heavy weight1 & mu* fl\r4 ,manures peculi>ly adapt$ to ! object1 w t5d 9 ! highe/ degree to produce ! greate/ quantity ( glut51 ! mo/ valuable portion ( ! fl\r4 ,x is true1 t climate has mu* to d 9 cond5s+1 & ( c\rse1 improv+ ! value ( :eat4 ,x is a g5]al pr9ciple1 t ! w>m] & dri] ! climate :]e x is gr[n1 ! m valuable ! gra94 ,:eat f ! s\? ( ,europe1 is wor? m ?an :5 gr[n 9 ! nor?2 & t f any portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ow+ to our sup]ior dryness ( climate1 is m nutritive ?an :at is produc$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?is diff]5ce is increas$ f #h to #ad p] c5t4 9 favor ( ! ,am]ican4 ,glut5 v>ies 9 :eat f #h to #ce p] c5t42 9 rye1 #i to #ac2 b>ley1 #c to #f2 & oats #b to #e4 ,! quality ( :eat ) reg>d to ! quantity ( glut5 x conta9s1 is nicely e/imat$ & fully reg>d$ by accompli%$ bak]s4 ,! nitrates ( pota%1 or soda1 are frequ5tly us$ 9 ,engl& to increase n only ! quantity1 b especially ! quality ( _! fl\r1 a practice ! high prices ( l& & produce may r5d] pr(itable !re1 ?\gh x is h>dly to be expect$ !y c\ld g5]ally be us$ 9 ?is c\ntry to a pr(it4 ,9 an exp]im5t lately tri$ 9 ,engl&1 "o acre ( :eat dress$ ) "o cwt4 ( nitrate ( soda1 gave #db bu%els1 weigh+ #fj lbs4 p] bu%el2 ano!r acre dress$ ) two cwt4 yield$ #dg-c_/h bu%els1 weigh+ #fj lbs42 :ile an undress$ acre1 9 e o!r respect simil> to ! o!rs1 yield$ only #bg-g_/h bu%els1 weigh+ #fa lbs4 ,num]\s o!r in/ances c\ld be giv5 equally conclusive4 ,al?\gh we may n be ju/ifi$ 9 us+ ^! some:at exp5sive salts1 s highly *>g$ ) nitrog51 !re are s\rces ( supply )9 our rea*1 especially ri* 9 ?is mat]ial1 & ab\nd+ 9 _m ( ! o!r +r$i5ts ( f]tility4 ,^! are animal manures ( all k9ds1 b m p>ticul>ly ur9e1 human excrem5ts1 & ! (fal ( animals1 su* z uncalc9$ bones1 horns1 hair1 hides1 fle%1 blood1 c4 ,all ( ^! conta9 l>ge proportions ( nitrog51 & if c>efully incorporat$ into ! soil1 w\ld t5d l>gely to ! increas$ production & value ( ! :eat crops ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,an exp]im5t 0 made 9 manur+ :eat ) c[ dung1 :i* conta9s ! smalle/ proportion ( nitrog51 & ?is yield$ #aaie p] c5t4 ( glut54 ,ano!r p>cel1 gr[n on l& manur$ ) human ur9e1 gave #cea p] c5t4 ,?us x w be se51 t ! maximum ( value 9 :eat1 may be rea*$1 by ! application ( an article1 almo/ ev]y:]e wa/$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is by skilfully fe$+ ! :eat plant ) all ! n\ri%m5t t x c take up1 t ! crops may be indef9itely increas$4 ,"l ,h>dwicke /at$1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,royal ,ag4 ,soc4 ( ,engl&1 t ! f9e ,suffolk :eat _h produc$ #gf bu%els p] acre2 & ano!r & m improv$ v>iety _h yield$ ! a/oni%+ quantity1 ( #hb bu%els p] acre4 ,!re is no comp>ison betwe5 ! capacity ( an animal & se$s1 to produce results2 = :ile ! =m] is limit$ to a def9ite gr[?1 :i* no ef=t ( sci5ce or skill c augm5t1 a se$ may multiply beyond almo/ any assignable limit4 ,we h be5 %[n a /ool ( :eat1 orig9at+ f a s+le se$1 ! gr[? ( ! pres5t season1 ) #cj /alks1 av]ag+ f #ajj to #aaj gra9s on ea* head4 ,ov] #c1jjj p]fect gra9s1 is ?us ! product ( a s+le p>5t 9 "o season4 ,x requires1 !n1 b ! prop] pabulum to produce good :eat1 )9 ! :eat latitudes1 9 e portion ( ! ,union4 ,"s ( our worn-out ea/]n l&s may be s totally unsuit$ to its gr[?1 z n to ju/ify ! ef=ts ( reclaim+ or fitt+ !m = ?is object1 especially1 :ile we h a region 9 ! we/1 e way adapt$ by nature1 to its mo/ successful cultivation4 ,b we c n = a mom5t d\bt1 t :5 ^? we/]n fields become comp>atively full1 indu/ry & sci5ce w comb9e to clo! aga9 ^? hills & valleys 7n[ b p>tially rob$ ) a scanty h]bage71 ) teem+ crops ( :eat1 su* z gave to !m1 9 _! pri/9e days1 a fame = f]tility seldom exce$$4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,all54 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,a ,,p5nsylvania ,,dairy4 ,philadelphia1 ,nov4 #f?1 #ahdc4 ,,notic+ 9 y\r ,octob] numb] an acc\nt ( a dairy on ,long ,isl&1 ,i am induc$ to give y a description ( "o 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,*>ley has a dairy f>m ne> ,laurel ,hill1 :]e he keeps f #dj to #ej c[s1 consi/+ ( ,ayr%ire1 ,hold]ness1 ,ald]ny1 ,durham1 & a few natives2 b mo/ly cross$ ) a f9e1 ?or\gh-br$ ,%ort-,horn bull1 & is rais+ full bloods1 & high grades ( ?is bre$ z fa/ z possible4 ,he makes veal ( 8 bull-calves1 & raises all 8 be/ heif]-calves f 8 be/ c[s = 8 own use4 ,i f\nd ! c[s luxuriat+ 9 a ri* clov] pa/ure :5 ,i visit$ !m la/ summ] betwe5 #b & #c o'clock1 ! h\r = aft]noon milk+1 f :i* !y 7 tak5 by ! h]dsman1 & driv5 half a mile to ! b>n4 ,?is is a /one build+ #ajj feet long1 #df feet wide1 ) a w+ ( #fj feet1 ! same wid? z ! b>n1 high walls1 & /eep ro(1 :i* make x capable ( hold+ a great quantity ( fodd]1 consi/+ la/ ye> mo/ly ( corn/alks1 7"s ( :i* he b\ght v *eap ( 8 neighbors1 :ile o!rs let !irs /& 9 ! field & ?is spr+ rak$ !m up & burn$ !m17 rye /raw1 & oats un?ra%$1 all ( :i* he cuts & /eams--sometimes ) a little hay cut also & mix$ ) ! above articles4 ,^! are all /eam$ toge!r1 or ea* sep>ately1 7z be/ suits ! appetites ( ! c[s7 9 a l>ge vat1 connect$ ) a pipe ?r\gh :i* ! /eam passes f ! boil]1 :i* /&s 9 a room adjo9+ ) /one or gr\nd floor4 ,! *imney is ( %eet-iron runn+ up ?r\gh ! ro(1 & coal us$ = fuel1 r5d]s ! risk = insurance at a v l[ rate4 ,! wat] is suppli$ f a spr+ runn+ into ! y>d1 & !nce ?r\gh a pipe into ! boil]4 ,! c[s are also wat]$ f ! same :5 ! wea!r is /ormy 9 w9t]1 & !y are n all[$ to g out4 ,b to return f ?is digression4 ,aft] ! fodd] is suffici5tly cook$1 :i* takes b a %ort "t1 x is tak5 out into o!r l>g] vats or tr\ghs1 ) scoop %ovels1 & !re left to cool2 !n a suitable portion ( ,indian meal or gr\nd rye1 buck-:eat1 or oats1 or any two or all f\r mix$ & gr\nd toge!r1 7:i* 9 my op9ion w\ld be bett]17 add+ a portion ( %ip-/uffs1 %orts1 or ev5 bran4 ,?is is ! food = ! c[s at all seasons1 except :5 !re is a full supply ( grass4 ,!y are driv5 to a woods pa/ure = ex]cise & air :5 !re is little or no grass4 ,air & ex]cise are indisp5sably necess>y = ! heal? ( c[s1 & )\t ^!1 ! milk w always be m or less unheal?y1 accord+ to ! nature ( _! conf9em5t4 ,:5 ! c[s 7 br\ght into ! y>d1 ,i 0 puzzl$ to "k h[ !y 7 to be h&l$2 b ! /able doors be+ ?r[n op51 ea* c[ ent]$ ! door ne>e/ h] /all1 & w5t to x ) z mu* regul>ity z a "y miss goes to h] seat 9 a bo>d+-s*ool4 ,!re is a drop 9 ! floor imm$iately beh9d ! c[s1 #ad in*es wide & #d in*es deep2 into ?is all ! excrem5ts fall1 ! wat] runn+ (f imm$iately to a res]voir prep>$ = ! purpose ( receiv+ x2 ?is1 toge!r ) all ! manure1 0 tak5 away daily1 & put ^u ! l& or crops or 9 a heap to make compo/2 s t ! premises 7 kept p]fectly clean & sweet4 ,! floor 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 b$ ( cut /raw1 :i* 0 pass$ (f ) ! manure z x became soil$1 & by be+ cut1 work$ imm$iately into & incorporat$ itself ) ! manure1 )\t vex+ ! husb&man or g>d5] z long gre5 manure s frequ5tly does4 ,! floor beh9d ! c[s1 betwe5 ! tr\gh to cat* ! liquid & ! wall1 is six feet wide1 ) /rong plank plat=ms or tables on :i* to set ! vessels conta9+ ! milk4 ,!re is an op5 space directly ov] ! vat = /eam+1 :]e all ! fe$ is cut & pass$ d[n ?r\gh a hopp] into ! vat2 also1 hopp]s or sp\ts lead+ f ! meal room ov] head directly into ! vats1 :i* conta9 ! /eam$ fe$ = cook+4 ,! mang]s 9 :i* ! c[s are f$ are broad1 s t ! food may be ?r[n into !m ) scoop %ovels )\t wa/e1 ( :i* ,i f\nd no?+ ( ! k9d ab\t ! :ole premises4 ,if a little too mu* fe$ is giv5 to "o animal1 & consequ5tly left1 x is c>efully scrap$ out & f$ to "o hav+ a bett] appetite2 ?us ! mang]s 7 kept clean & sweet4 ,mr4 ,*>ley fe$s roots1 b to :at ext5t ,i did n le>n4 ,i hope he may be induc$ to write y a lett]1 giv+ a description ( 8 cutt+ ma*9e1 :i* does its "w bett] ?an any "o ,i h ev] se52 hav+ two blades com+ toge!r l %e>s1 cutt+ corn-/alks ?r\gh _! jo9ts ) z mu* app>5t ease z a pair ( tailor's %e>s w\ld cut a ?read4 ,!re is a /able = dri$ c[s :i* 7 fe$+ = ! but*]4 ,box /alls are provid$ = c[s ab\t to calve2 ! "y cattle are kept by !mselves1 z are also ! calves4 ,mr4 ,*>ley 0 n at home :5 ,i visit$ 8 dairy2 b ?is disappo9tm5t to me 0 made up by ! k9d ,mrs4 ,c41 :o1 ) ju/ifiable pride1 %[$ me h] spr+ h\se ) its l>ge copp] caldron = scald+ h] milk tubs1 pans1 pails1 *urns1 c4 c41 9 ! be/ ( ord]1 all ( :i* %e p]sonally sup]9t5ds & looks aft]2 & :5ev] !re is an ov]/ock ( milk = city cu/om]s1 x is "h conv]t$ into butt] ( ! *oice/ quality1 & ea* m>ket-day f9ds h] at h] /& ) h] butt] & lots ( g>d5 vegetables1 ! rais+ ( :i* %e also sup]9t5ds & takes into ! city at ! dawn ( day4 ,t "s families are sick & o!rs mis]ably poor1 is n /range1 to "o :o looks beh9d ! curta9 & sees :at c nev] o!rwise be describ$4 ,s4 ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/4 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,g>d5]',s ,,*ronicle4 ,new-,york1 #ad? ,novemb]1 #ahdc4 ,,! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle1 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 has ! foll[+ criticism on my essay ( dock-mud1 ins]t$ 9 y\r ,april numb] ( ?is ye>1 page #ac3-- ,we tru/ ! editor is m correct 9 8 o!r /atem5ts ?an 9 ?is1 conc]n+ ! p]c5tage ( sea-salt 9 guano1 :i* conta9s little m ?an a trace ( x4 ,i h nev] analys$ ! guano1 b dep5d$ on "o or two analyses giv5 by ,pr(essor ,john/on1 read] ( *emi/ry 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,durham1 ,engl&1 9 ! app5dix to 8 ,lectures on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,he gives tables ( cont5ts ( two p>cels1 ! fir/ conta9+ #cj4c p] c5t41 ! second r m ?an #aa p] c5t4 ( sea-salt4 ,i took ! l>g] quantity1 to prove t if dock-mud conta9$ sea-salt1 x c\ld be no objection to x z a f]tiliz]4 ,x is highly important t ! tables ( analysis ( celebrat$ manures %\ld be correctly giv51 & if ! editor ( ! ,*ronicle c furni% correct tables1 he w be conf]r+ an important boon on ! agricultural community ( ! :ole _w4 ,,wm4 ,,p>tridge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ ,almanac4 ,,s\!rn ,,cal5d> ,,= ,,decemb]4 ,,! clos+ mon? ( ! ye> is "o 9 :i* e agriculturi/ %\ld take an int]e/1 & = _m useful h9ts we w ref] ! read] to ! ,nor!rn ,cal5d> = ?is mon?4 ,cotton-pick+ w probably occupy ?is mon? until ,*ri/mas1 :5 ?is bus9ess w h be5 complet$1 if ! culture has be5 well manag$1 & ! season favorable4 ,x w\ld be well to />t y\r pl[s & break up gr\nd = corn2 let no?+ b cotton prev5t--n ev5 clean+2 = pl[+ is only "o job2 yet1 if done soon1 x is g5]ally advantage\s1 & if bad wea!r %\ld set 9 :5 x mu/ be done1 "t w be lo/1 & a drawback ensue1 :]eas by pl[+ 9 "t1 clean+ c be done lat]4 ,9 wea!r n employ$ ab\t o!r labor m important1 manure & trim all k9ds ( v9es & fruit-trees1 except ! orange tribe4 ,transplant ev]gre5s & o!r trees1 sweet bri]s1 honeysuckles1 jasm9es1 c42 s[ late peas & beans1 & set out onions = se$2 set all h&s at "w 9 clean+ up = o!r crops1 pick+ up limbs1 grubb+1 clean+ up holl[s1 sides ( bay\s1 cutt+ d[n corn-/alks ) hoes1 ga!r+ mat]ials = mak+ manure1 c41 c4 ,if y d n live 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 say five or six miles1 f a sug>-plantation1 by all means keep bees4 ,?is c be r5d]$ "o ( ! mo/ productive bran*es ( bus9ess ( ! day4 ,procure a few sw>ms at fir/1 & !y w soon multiply to any ext5t requir$4 ,use sections ( holl[ logs1 f\r or five feet long1 = hives1 if y h no o!r m conv5i5t mat]ials to make !m (1 & all[ ! bees to "w ov] ! honey a second "t1 t y may avoid ! injuri\s effects 9 eat+ honey :i* may h be5 ga!r$ f poison\s fl[]s4 ,if ! above-nam$ class ( hives be us$1 !re w be no necessity = kill+ ! bees2 = :5 ! hives are fill$ ) honey1 !y c be remov$ )\t h>m f ! end opposite to t 9 :i* ! bees are at "w1 & !y w imm$iately g to "w & fill ! vacancy4 ,9 mo/ p>ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates bees maybe kept at "w dur+ ! w9t]4 ,if !re are n fl[]s = !m1 !y c be made to "w ov] ! bad honey collect$ ! season be=e4 ,?is is also a busy mon? = ! sug>-plant]4 ,he w be active 9 cutt+ & c>t+ 8 cane ) all possible despat*2 & he %\ld employ "o or m practical & intellig5t m5 to conduct ! op]ations ( ! mill4 ,9 ! manufacture ( sug>1 we "k ( no bett] me?od ?an t giv5 by ,pr(essor ,mapes 9 a lett] to ,hon4 ,h4 ,l4 ,ellswor?1 f :i* we make ! foll[+ extract3-- #a4 ,to cut ! cane z ripe z possible1 b be=e any acetic acid is =m$2 litmus pap]1 t\*$ to ! fre%-cut cane1 w turn r$ if acid4 #b4 ,express ! juice )\t loss ( "t1 z e mom5t aft] cutt+ w det]iorate its quality4 #c4 ,a small quantity ( cle> lime-wat]1 say "o qu>t to a hundr$ gallons ( juice1 %\ld be add$ ! mom5t x is express$1 unless ! juice %[s acidity ) litmus pap]2 9 t case1 no lime %\ld be us$1 b a solution ( sal-soda or soda a% %\ld be add$1 until x is precisely neutral4 #d4 ,:5 ! juice is neutral1 free f excess ( acid or alkali1 x %\ld be evaporat$ 9 su* an app>atus z w\ld f9i% its *>ge 9 #cj m9utes2 if ! boil+ p[] is too small1 good cry/allization c n possibly be obta9$4 ,! :ole "t occupi$1 f ! cutt+ ( ! cane to f9i%+ its boil+1 %\ld n exce$ "o h\r4 #e4 ,to "k :5 ! boil+ is f9i%$1 place a !rmomet] 9 ! kettle1 & cont9ue to evaporate until x /&s at #bci ,fahr5heit4 ,if1 :5 plac$ to run (f aft] cool+1 x %\ld be f\nd too freely boil$1 ! next "t boil to #bdj1 or1 if too light to run (f1 to #bch1 & s on4 #f4 ,! kettle or boil] %\ld be s arrang$1 t ! mom5t x is done its *>ge %\ld be ?r[n into a cool]1 capable ( hold+ a numb] ( *>ges4 ,! fir/ *>ge %\ld be left 9 ! cool] ) /irr+1 until ! second *>ge is ?r[n 92 !n ) an o> scrape ! cry/als f\nd on ! side & bottom ( ! cool] loose1 & g5tly /ir ! :ole mass toge!r3 ! less /irr$ ! bett]2 s cont9ue at ! lett+ 9 ( ea* *>ge1 to /ir g5tly2 & :5 all is 9 ! cool]1 let ! :ole /& until x cools d[n to #age2 !n fill out into sug>-m\lds ( a capacity n less ?an #ad gallons4 ,:5 cool$ 9 ! m\ld suffici5tly1 say f\rte5 h\rs1 pull ! plug out ( ! bottom ( ! m\ld1 & ins]t a %>p po9t1 ne>ly z l>ge z ! hole1 "s six in*es2 )draw ! po9t1 & /& ! m\ld on a pot to drip4 #g4 ,if ! sug> is int5d$ to be br[n1 leav+ x /&+ on ! pot = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 9 a temp]ature ( #hj1 w run (f its molasses1 & leave x 9 a m]*antable %ape2 x w probably require tw5ty days4 ,x c !n be ?r[n out ( ! m\lds1 & w be fit = use4 ,:5 m\lds c n be obta9$1 conical vessels ( wood or metal1 ) a hole at ! apex1 w answ] equally well4 ,d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ ,almanac4 ,,nor!rn ,,cal5d> ,,= ,,decemb]4 ,,settle all y\r acc\nts1 collect :at is due y1 & pay :at y owe4 ,%ort settlem5ts make long fri5ds4 ,exam9e y\r f>m /ati/ics1 & see :at h be5 ! results ( y\r exp]im5ts ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( manures1 se$s1 modes ( tillage1 c41 c42 & note !m well = future use4 ,no f>m] ought to be )\t su* a book1 9 :i* all exp]im5ts %\ld be c>efully record$ at ! "t1 & ! results c>ri$ into a sep>ate book = 8 own use h]eaft]2 & if new & valuable discov]ies are obta9$1 communicate !m to "s agricultural p]iodical = ! b5efit ( ! _w4 ,recollect1 y h ! exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s to guide y\r op]ations1 &1 by contribut+ to ! g5]al /ock :atev] may be useful1 y are b return+ to mank9d a "p ( ! b5efits y h d]iv$ f !m4 ,b avoid twaddle & humbugg]y1 & (t-publi%$ /atem5ts1 & prolix or t$i\s n>ration1 & give all ! circum/ances mat]ial to ! subjects 9 ! briefe/1 pla9e/1 simple/ language possible4 ,above all ?+s1 s5d 9 y\r subscription to "o or m valuable agricultural pap]s1 & get z _m ( y\r neighbors to subscribe z possible2 & consid]1 9 s do+1 y are b5efit+ y\rself by x t5 times z mu* z y are ! publi%]s4 ,summ] is peculi>ly ! "t = mak+ obs]vations & exp]im5ts1 & w9t] ! "t = communicat+ !m4 ,rememb] ! poor1 n only 9 ?is mon?1 b e mon? ?r\gh ! ye>1 & especially dur+ ! inclem5cy ( w9t]4 ,y ne$ n give s mu* to !m outright1 b endeavor to put !m 9 a way ( mak+ !mselves com=table1 by af=d+ !m employm5t1 by :i*1 y may be b5efit$1 :ile do+ !m good4 ,y ?us conf] on !m a triple b5efit1 by furni%+ !m ! means ( com=table subsi/5ce1 tea*+ !m to help !mselves1 & avoid+ ! habit ( receiv+ *>ity1 :i* ins5sibly weak5s _! s5se ( self-dep5dance4 ,/ock n[ requires increas$ att5tion3 !y mu/ be well h\s$1 or at lea/ protect$ aga9/ w9d1 ) a %elt] to :i* !y c resort 9 /orms1 well suppli$ ) salt1 & abundance ( wat]1 if possible1 9 ! y>d1 :]e !y c get x :5 !y want1 & )\t we>y+ !mselves 9 look+ = x1 & wa/+ _! manure by dropp+ x 9 ! road1 or by a runn+ /ream or pond1 :]e x w all be lo/4 ,_! fe$ %\ld be regul>1 & giv5 to !m z ne> /at$ times z possible4 ,!y look = _! food !n at c]ta9 h\rs1 & are n uneasy & fretful till ! cu/om>y p]iod arrives1 :5 !y aga9 fill !mselves1 & re/ quietly1 dige/+ _! food till x is "t to look = ano!r supply4 ,if br\ght up 9 regul> habits1 brutes are mu* bett] "t-keep]s ?an _m are dispos$ to consid] !m :o h n obs]v$ closely _! intellig5ce4 ,n[ is a good "t to break /e]s & colts1 :ile ! roads are smoo? & h>d4 ,!y ought to be e>ly accu/om$ to h&l+ & ! halt]1 & be g5tly treat$1 by :i* !y are m dispos$ to yield to ! wi%es ( _! ma/]4 ,if !y h be5 always us$ to good treatm5t1 !y w acquire a confid5ce 9 _! keep]s1 & ! m readily submit to _! guidance4 ',tis always bett] to tra9 !m ) /rong1 well-brok5 animals4 ,sympa?y has m to d ) ! brute creation ?an !y h cr$it = g5]ally2 & ! good habits & ord]ly behavior ( ! old] animals1 !y h be5 accu/om$ to treat ) def]5ce1 w n be )\t _! :olesome effect on !m4 ,?is is ! be/ mon? = spread+ out hemp = dew-rott+1 9 ! latitudes bel[ #dj1 z x gets a :it] & bett] rot ?an if spread e>li]4 ,,kit*5-,,g>d54--,e f9e day uncov] ! frames 9 :i* are lettuce & caulifl[] plants2 o!rwise !y w become sp9dl+1 f want ( air4 ,hot-b$s c n[ be made1 = =c+ asp>agus = ! table 9 ,janu>y4 ,if ! gr\nd is op51 cont9ue tr5*+ = spr+ crops4 ,:5 ! gr\nd is froz51 c>t manure1 repair f5ces1 clean se$s1 prep>e tools = spr+4 ,provide pea-/icks1 bean-poles1 c41 & f9i% all t w be requir$ 9 ! spr+1 & :i* c be done :5 ! gr\nd is froz54 ,,fruit-,,g>d5 ,,& ,,or*>d4--,f9i% ^? ?+s :i* may h be5 omitt$ ! previ\s mon?4 ,if ! wea!r cont9ues op51 digg+ & pl[+ may be done advantage\sly4 ,p]=m any "w t may t5d to =w>d y\r bus9ess 9 ! spr+4 ,,fl[]-,,g>d5 ,,& ,,pleasure-,,gr\nds4--,cont9ue to protect y\r b$s ( bulbs1 & also fl[]-b$s & %rubs z direct$ 9 la/ mon?4 ,%\ld ! wea!r cont9ue op5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is mon?1 bulbs may /ill be plant$4 ,!y %\ld n be left z late z ?is1 b if su* has be5 ! case1 !y _h bett] be plant$ n[ ?an left until spr+4 ,n[ c>efully protect se$l+ bulbs4 ,! m t5d] k9ds ( trees c h _! roots protect$ f fro/ by lay+ manure or long litt] ab\t !m4 ,,=eign ,,agricultural ,,news4 ,,by ! /eam%ip ,cal$onia1 we are favor$ by ! receipt ( our ,european j\rnals up to ! #d? ,novemb]4 ,,m>kets4--,a%es1 bo? pots & pe>ls1 h advanc$1 & 7 brisk ( sale4 ,cotton _h decl9$ #a_/h;d4 p] lb4 ,! rec5t advices f ,bombay & ,calcutta ( ! ,ea/ ,india crop1 7 n q s favorable4 ,! /ock ( ,cotton on h& at ,liv]pool on ! #a/ ,novemb]1 0 #gbj1jjj bales1 aga9/ #ebj1jjj at same p]iod la/ season4 ,fl\r 0 flat1 & little do+ 9 x4 ,naval ,/ores1 decl9+4 ,provisions 7 ab\t ! same z by our la/ advices1 ) ! exception ( ,*eese1 ! f9] qualities ( :i* 7 ( quick sale4 ,tobacco1 /eady & firm4 ,money /ill pl5ty1 & ! l[ rates ( int]e/ prevail4 ,am]ican ,/ocks cont9ue ne>ly ! same z at our la/4 ,v few rec5t transactions4 ,agricultural ,s*ool4--,we see by ! ,b]wick ,w>d]1 t an ,agricultural ,s*ool is e/abli%$ 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 by ! practical f>m]s ( t c\nty1 :i* promises to be a v useful in/itution4 ,x is sup]9t5d$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,o4 ,"y1 & we l its arrangem5ts bett] ?an any?+ ( ! k9d we h yet se54 ,to expla9 ^!1 we make a few quotations f ! prospectus4 ,! "y g5tlem5 :o may be intru/$ to ,mr4 ,"y's *>ge = ! purpose ( be+ in/ruct$ 9 ! pr9ciples & practice ( ,scotti% agriculture1 w h daily opportunities ( witness+ ! regul> r\t9e ( f>m+ op]ations go+ on at ! f>m1 & ( tak+ an active "p 9 ^! op]ations4 ,!y w be requir$ to keep1 9 a f>m-book1 a daily record ( :at has be5 done on ! f>m4 ,explanations w be giv5 ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! diff]5t op]ations are conduct$1 & ^u :i* !y w be exam9$ at /at$ times4 ,regul> m9utes w be kept by ! pupils ( all su* explanations1 z well z ( any facts t may come to _! k ?r\gh _! occasional int]c\rse ) ! f>m]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re w be /at$ times set ap>t = read+1 z text-books1 ! mo/ approv$ agricultural works ( ! day2 & on ! subjects ( _! read+ ,mr4 ,y4 w m9utely exam9e ! "y g5tlem51 & w also require !m to write ex]cises ^u giv5 agricultural topics--p>ticul>ly ^? t be> on practice4 ,:ile x w be ,mr4 ,y4's c>e to direct ! att5tion ( ! pupils to *emi/ry & geology 9 _! application to practical agriculture1 a bran* ( /udy until lately v little att5d$ to1 he w make arrangem5ts = procur+ ! s]vices ( ! pr(essor ( agriculture 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de51 = a few weeks e summ]1 to give lectures & conduct exp]im5ts on ! analysis ( soils1 manures1 c4--?us secur+ to ! pupils m ?an a m]e !oretical k ( ?is important bran* ( agricultural education4 ,z no?+ is s mu* calculat$ to impress any subject ^u ! y\?ful m9d1 z to inve/ x ) a p]sonal int]e/1 ,mr4 ,y4 proposes to devote to ! exclusive use ( 8 pupils1 a small f>m1 ( ab\t #ej acres 9 ext5t1 adjo9+ to 8 o!r f>m4 ,?is small f>m conta9s a v>iety ( soils1 ^u :i* exp]im5ts ( diff]5t k9ds may be conduct$1 on a small scale4 ,x w be possess$ & manag$ by ! pupils1 "u ,mr4 ,y4's direction1 & ^u c]ta9 equitable rules z to ea* pupil's %>e ( ! conc]n4 ,ea* pupil w be requir$ to keep regul> books1 exhibit+ all disbursem5ts & receipts1 & ! results ( all exp]im5ts tri$1 ) e p>ticul> connect$ ) su* exp]im5ts4 ,ea* pupil w be requir$ to take 8 %>e ( managem5t1 c41 & ! pr(its ( ! conc]n1 aft] pay+ a c]ta9 mod]ate r5t1 w1 at ea* t]m1 be divid$ among ! "y g5tlem51 9 proportion to _! respective int]e/s4 ,x is conceiv$ t su* a plan w h a /rong t5d5cy to promote exactness1 regul>ity1 & bus9ess habits2 b1 )\t ! cons5t ( _! p>5ts or gu>dians1 pupils w n be ask$ to jo9 9 ?is s*eme4 ,,f>m]s' ,,magaz9e4--,meat-,salt+ ,in/rum5t4--,! in/rum5t resembles a common syr+e ( m ?an ord9>y dim5sions1 &1 al?\gh n q s simple 9 its con/ruction1 x is int5d$ to be us$ 9 ! same way z ! syr+e1 provid$ ! po9t or tube be n expos$ to ! air4 ,! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! use ( ! in/rum5t are expla9$ by ! fact t a jo9t ( meat may1 9 ! simple/ mann]1 be prop]ly salt$ 9 less ?an t5 m9utes4 ,! br9e is made ( ! usual +r$i5ts1 & aft] ! salt & o!r sub/ances are completely dissolv$1 ! liquid is p\r$ into ! ma*9e1 & ! nipple or tube 7! circumf]5ce ( :i* is p]=at$ ) ?ree small holes7 is ins]t$ into ! mo/ solid "p ( a jo9t ( meat1 & ! cont5ts are1 by a v /rong pressure1 =c$ ?r\gh ! fibres until ! br9e is se5 to escape on ! surface4 ,= ?is purpose a small] quantity ( pickle is us$ ?an is employ$ 9 ! ord9>y me?od ( cur+ meat1 & ! bone 7if !re be any17 9 ! c5tre becomes ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! fluid4 ,by ! pres5t mode ( salt+ meat1 x is a matt] ( "s difficulty to inject ! br9e into ! inn]mo/ "p ( a l>ge jo9t1 :]eas by ! process :i* is adopt$ 9 ! use ( ,mr4 ,c>son's in/rum5t1 ! size or sub/ance ( ! meat pres5ts no additional tr\ble to ! op]ator4 ,pr9ce ,alb]t's ,annual ,sale ( ,live ,/ock4--,s9ce ,pr9ce ,alb]t has turn$ f>m]1 he has an annual sale ( 8 fat /ock1 & is said to realize f #ej to #fj p] c5t4 pr(it on x4 ,! la/ took place 9 ,octob]1 at :i* "t #dag %eep1 #ee ox51 & #i c[s & heif]s1 7 dispos$ (1 realis+ him #a1gdc1 7ab\t #h1jjj27 a clev] sum = fat %eep & cattle4 ,produce ( ,ewes4--,c\nt de ,g\rcey /ates 9 t "p ( 8 ,agricultural ,t\r 9 ,europe1 j receiv$1 t ,mr4 ,walk]1 manag] ( ! late ,duke ( ,gordon's e/ates1 9 ,scotl&1 in=m$ him t f #bjj ,leice/] ewes1 & z _m ,s\?d[ns1 !y br+ up on an av]age1 #dej lambs4 ,we wi% we _h possess$ ?is in=mation :5 writ+ our notes to ,mr4 ,grove's lett] 9 ?is pap]1 z x w\ld h be5 some?+ ( an argum5t 9 our favor1 reg>d+ ! diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/+ betwe5 u ab\t ! numb] ( lambs br$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,new ,,f>m]s' ,,j\rnal4--,exportation ( ,cattle to ,prussia4--,"o bull & eight heif]s h be5 rec5tly pur*as$ 9 ,engl&1 = ! ,royal ,agricultural ,society ( ,prussia4 ,,nett+ ,,= ,,%eep-,,folds4--,! fibre ( ! cocoa-nut is said to make ! mo/ durable nett+ = %eep-folds2 x out-we>+ sev]al sets ( t>r$-hemp nett+1 & is s light1 t a h]dsman c ) ease c>ry #bjj y>ds ( x4 ,soil+4--,fe$+ animals 9 ! summ]-season ) gre5 food1 cut daily1 & giv5 !m 9 /alls or y>ds1 is f> pref]able to graz+--,fir/1 because ! food is consum$ ) less wa/e2 secondly1 because re/ is an equival5t = food4 ,! bodies ( animals d n rema9 /ation>y1 b are con/antly wa/+ 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( ex]cise !y und]go--h5ce1 :ile !y rove at l>ge1 !y mu/ receive f "t to "t new supplies 9 ! %ape ( food1 to make up = ?is wa/e1 :i* are n ne$$ :5 !y are at re/1 & consequ5tly1 by ! sy/em ( soil+1 less food w be requir$ to fatt5 !m4 ,?irdly1 because by soil+ !re is an increase ( valuable manure1 :i*1 by ! old me?od ( graz+1 0 ne>ly altoge!r lo/4 ,am]ican ,provisions4--,)9 ! la/ few days1 #bjd boxes ( ,am]ican *eese h be5 receiv$ 9 ,liv]pool4 ,e ye> ! quality ( ! ,am]ican *eese improves4 ,ano!r article1 :i* is arriv+ 9 v l>ge quantities1 is ,am]ican l>d1 :i* is com+ into use = _m purposes = :i* salt & ev5 fre% butt] has be5 employ$4 ,v excell5t salt$ beef has come f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 consid]able quantities4 ,epidemic among ,cattle4--,?is has brok5 out aga9 9 a mo/ virul5t %ape 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,agriculture4--,mill]'s ,safety ,re9s4--,^! consi/ ( gut cov]$ ) lea!r1 & are1 !re=e1 pro( aga9/ fracture2 & be+ r\nd1 & ( neat light appe>ance1 =m a r ornam5tal & sport+-l app5dage to h>ness or saddle4 ,!y are m\nt$ 9 ?is way3--,!y pass ?r\gh a hook plac$ on ! head ( ! h>ness-bridle1 & ?r\gh a lea!r loop on ! head ( ! rid+-bridle1 & come d[n on ea* side ( ! neck4 ,ab\t middle-way d[n ! neck is a c\pl+ ) two swivels1 :i* receive ! re9s f ! head1 & !y !n pass ?r\gh ! dees ( ! h>ness1 & ?r\gh ! turrets ( ! h>ness-saddle1 & along to ! front ( ! spla%bo>d to a re9-hold]1 by :i* !y are held always ready = use4 ,! head ( ! horse & ! turrets ( ! saddle be+ bo? high] ?an ! ?roat1 & ! c\pl+ be+ %ort1 & hav+ leave to trav]se ! re9s on ea* side ( ! neck1 x settles on t "p ( ! ?roat at :i* ! re9s1 on be+ pull$1 ex]t ! greate/ =ce1 :51 ! w9dpipe be+ =cibly compress$1 ! horse becomes affect$ 9 8 respiration1 &1 !re=e1 /&s /ill1 or slack5s 8 pace = brea?1 :i* he imm$iately obta9s on ! re9s be+ slack5$4 ,?us1 feel+ he is ma/]$1 ! horse %[s no f>!r incl9ation to run (f aga92 b 9 case he %\ld r5ew symptoms ( />t+ (f1 a few firm grips ( ! c\pl+ on ! ?roat w let him feel ! futility ( 8 attempts4 ,9 explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! inv5tion1 ,mr4 ,mill] /at$ t he 0 a f>m]'s son1 & t1 9 8 y\?1 he us$ to be employ$ at times to assi/ 9 cat*+ horses at grass1 by means ( surr\nd+ !m ) a rope1 borne by a p]son at ea* end ( x4 ,he rem>k$ t1 9 ?is s]vice1 al?\gh no re/ra9t 0 laid ^u ! horses :5 ! rope re/$ on _! *e/s1 yet1 :5ev] x c\ld be got ^u _! ?roats1 !y in/antly /ood /ill & all[$ !mselves to be tak54 ,! idea :i* ?is recollection sugge/$1 ( ! probable effect ( pressure on ! ?roat 9 /opp+ a runaway horse1 l$ ,mr4 ,mill] to ! contrivance ( 8 safety-re9s4 ,9 8 fir/ exp]im5t1 ! b& :i* connects ! re9s "u ! neck 0 atta*$ to ! head/all by hooks & /raps2 b x has be5 consid]$ an improvem5t to all[ x to move freely ^u ! re9s1 on :i* x settles 9 contact ) ! ?roat1 9 a prop] position = use :5 requir$4 ,our communications ) ,mr4 ,mill] impress$ u favorably 9 reg>d to 8 contrivance2 b1 wi%+ to see x 9 practice we avail$ ourselves ( an (f] by him to af=d u an opportunity ( judg+ ( x 9 op]ation4 ,we1 accord+ly1 on a day appo9t$1 accompani$ him 9 a c>riage drawn by "o horse1 = ! purpose ( trial2 & we witness$ z spectators1 z well z made ourselves1 repeat$ te/s ( ! re9s1 ) ! horse go+ at a sm>t cant]1 bo? on a level road & on a desc5t1 & we inv>iably obs]v$ t ! tight5+ ( ! re9s caus$ ! horse imm$iately to /op4 ,no injuri\s effect seem$ to be produc$ on ! horse by ! int]ruption ( 8 respiration4 ,he always appe>$ to brea! freely1 & to be ready to resume 8 "w1 z soon z ! t5sion ( ! re9s 0 relax$4 ,^u ! :ole1 !re=e1 we consid] ,mr4 ,mill]'s inv5tion to be a neat & simple1 z well z1 to appe>ance1 an effective contrivance = ! accompli%m5t ( its important object1 9 ! prev5tion ( ! disa/r\s accid5ts :i* n unfrequ5tly occur f horses runn+ away2 & we ?9k x reflects mu* cr$it on ! +5uity ( its inv5tor4 ,,g>d5]s' ,,*ronicle4--,rhodod5dron4--,!re is a v>iety ( ! ,rhodod5dron ponticum gr[+ "h1 :i* appe>s to be diff]5t f any ( ! o!rs4 ,x comes into fl[] ab\t ! same "t z ! o!rs1 b in/ead ( unfold+ its blossoms at ! same rate z its neighbors1 x only op5s a few at a "t1 & cont9ues long 9 fl[]4 ,x did n cease fl[]+ ?is season ! :ole mon? ( ,augu/2 consequ5tly 0 ne>ly a mon? long] 9 bloom ?an ! o!rs4 ,x has a s\!rn exposure1 & is %elt]$ f ! nor? & ea/4 ,blight on ,gra9 f ! ,b>b]ry4--,9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,augu/ #ai1 "u ! head ( ,vulg> ,errors1 we read z foll[s3 ,p /ill ma9ta9 t ! b>b]ry blights _! gra94 ,?is is1 nev]!less1 a matt] des]v+ att5tion2 = 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r in/ances1 a popul> prejudice has be5 f\nd$ on tru?1 al?\gh ! real cause has be5 (t5 ov]look$4 ,"s writ]s h treat$ ?is subject ) respect1 & among !m is ,dr4 ,?ornton4 ,! latt] says t ! leaves are v subject to ! rubigo1 :i* w infect ! gra9 9 ! neighborhood4 ,"h ! secret is at once expla9$1 & ! av]sion ( f>m]s to ! b>b]ry-bu% at once ju/ifi$4 ,! vulg> notion is1 t ! b>b]ry ex]cises "s evil ag5cy ^u gra9 )9 a c]ta9 di/ance1 & accord+ly f>m]s w nev] suff] x to gr[ ne> _! fields4 ,!y are "r z to ! effect1 b !y attribute x to a wrong cause4 ,i h se5 "s rem>kable in/ances ( gra9 p]i%+ 9 a semicircle1 9 front ( a b>b]ry-bu%1 & ext5d+ a good way into a field4 ,any "o :o has b sup]ficially notic$ ! b>b]ry1 mu/ h obs]v$ t ! leaves & "y %oots ( ! %rub 7 cov]$ ) a peculi> k9d ( blight or mildew4 ,n[ x is by no means extraord9>y t ?is %\ld be c>ri$ by ! w9d into gra9-fields1 & infect ! gra9 s z to cause its de/ruction4 ,?is is ! true explanation ( ! mis*ief caus$ by ! b>b]ry to gra9 9 its neighborhood4 ,?is is ! common explanation1 b if any "o w take ! tr\ble to exam9e ! p>asitical plant :i* attacks ! b>b]ry1 & t ( gra91 he w f9d t !y are totally diff]5t ?+s4 ,"o is ! cidium ,b]b]idis1 & ! o!r "s species ( ,ur$o or ,pucc9ia1 = x is sometimes "o & sometimes ! o!r4 ,we %\ld z soon believe t a h5's egg w\ld be hat*$ into toads1 z t ! se$ ( an cidium w\ld produce an ,ur$o or ,pucc9ia4 ,we are aw>e ( ! facts m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,wighton1 = we h se5 !m ourselves1 & !y =m a curi\s problem yet to solve4 ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,m>ket4 ,,prices ,,curr5t ,,9 ,,new ,,york1 ,,novemb] #bh1 #ahdc4 ,,a%es1 ,pots1 p] #ajj lbs4 #d #fb to #d #fh ,pe>ls1 d4 #e #ab #e #ah ,,bacon ,,sides1 ,smok$1 p] lb4 #c #d ,9 pickle d4 #c #d ,,bale ,,rope d4 #f #i ,,b>k1 ,qu]citron p] ton #bc #jj #bd #ej ,,b>ley p] bu%4 #eb #ef ,,beans1 ,:ite d4 #a #ab #a #be ,,beef1 ,mess p] bbl4 #f #jj #g #jj ,prime d4 #d #jj #e #jj ,smok$ p] lb4 #f #g ,r\nds1 9 pickle d4 #d #e ,,beeswax1 ,am4 ,yell[ d4 #bh #cj ,,bolt ,,rope d4 #ab #ac ,,bri/les1 ,am]ican d4 #be #fe ,,butt]1 ,table d4 #ab #ae ,%ipp+ d4 #f #aj ,,c&les1 ,m\ld1 ,tall[ d4 #i #ab ,sp]m d4 #cb #ch ,/e>ic d4 #bj #be ,,*eese d4 #d #g ,,cid] ,,br&y1 ,ea/]n p] gal4 #ce #dj ,we/]n d4 #bh #ce ,,clov] ,,se$ p] lb4 #h #i ,,coal1 ,an?racite #bjjj lbs4 #e #jj #f #jj ,sidney & ,pict\ p] *al4 #g #jj #g #ej ,,cordage1 ,am]ican p] lb4 #aa #ab ,,corn1 ,nor!rn p] bu%4 #ef #eh ,s\!rn d4 #ed #ef ,,cotton p] lb4 #f #aa ,,cotton ,,bagg+1 ,am]4 hemp p] y>d4 #af #ah ,am]ican ,flax d4 #ae #af ,,fea!rs p] lb4 #bg #ca ,,flax1 ,am]ican d4 #h #h ,,flax ,,se$1 r\gh p] #g bu%4 #h #ge #i #jj clean d4 -- -- -- -- ,,fl\r1 ,nor!rn & ,we/]n p] bbl4 #d #ef #d #ge ,fancy d4 #e #ej #e #fb ,s\!rn p] bbl4 #d #ej #d #ge ,ri*mond ,city ,mills d4 #e #ej #e #fb ,rye d4 #c #jj #c #ab ,,hams1 ,smok$ p] lb4 #e #g ,pickl$ d4 #d #e ,,hay p] #ajj lbs4 #dj #de ,,hides1 ,dry ,s\!rn p] lb4 #i #aa ,,hemp1 ,russia1 clean p] ton4 #ahe #jj #aij #jj ,am]ican1 wat]-rott$ d4 #adj #jj #ahj #jj d dew-rott$ d4 #ij #jj #adj #jj ,,hops p] lb4 #f #h ,,horns p] #ajj #a #be #e #jj ,,l>d p] lb4 #e #g ,,lead d4 #c #d ,%eet & b> d4 #d #d ,,meal1 ,corn p] bbl4 #b #ge #c #jj ,corn p] hhd4 #ab #ej #ac #jj ,,molasses1 ,new ,orleans p] gal4 #bc #be ,,mu/>d1 ,am]ican p] lb4 #af #ca ,,oats1 ,nor!rn p] bu%4 #cj #cb ,s\!rn d4 #bf #bh ,,oil1 ,l9se$1 ,am]ican p] gal4 #ge #hj ,ca/or d4 #ij #a #jj ,l>d d4 #ee #fe ,,oil ,,cake p] #ajj lbs4 #a #jj -- -- ,,peas1 ,field p] bu%4 #a #be -- -- ,,pit* p] bbl4 #a #ab #a #cg ,,pla/] ,,( ,,p>is p] ton4 #b #jj #b #be ,gr\nd1 9 bbls4 p] cwt4 #ej -- -- ,,pork1 ,mess p] bbl4 #aj #ej #aa #ch ,prime d4 #i #be #aj #ab ,,rice p] #ajj lbs4 #b #ge #c #ab ,,ros9 p] bbl4 #fe #ie ,,rye p] bu%4 #fe #ff ,,salt p] sack #a #ce #a #ej ,,%\ld]s1 ,smok$ p] lb4 #c #d ,pickl$ d4 #c #d ,,spirits ,,turp5t9e1 ,s\!rn p] gal4 #ch #dj ,,sug>1 ,new ,orleans p] lb4 #f #g ,,sumac1 ,am]ican p] ton #be #jj #bg #ej ,,tall[ p] lb4 #g #g ,,t> p] bbl4 #a #be #a #ej ,,timo?y ,,se$ p] #g bu%4 #ac #jj #ad #jj ,,tobacco p] lb4 #c #f ,,turp5t9e p] bbl4 #b #fb #b #hg ,,:eat1 ,we/]n p] bu%4 #a #jj #a #je ,s\!rn d4 #ij #a #jj ,,:iskey1 ,am]ican p] gal4 #bc #be ,,wool1 ,saxony p] lb4 #ce #ej ,m]9o d4 #cj #ce ,half-blood d4 #be #bg ,common d4 #ah #bb ,,adv]tisem5ts ,new ,york ,cattle ,m>ket--,novemb] #bg4 ,at m>ket1 #a1aej beef ,cattle1 7#aaj f ! s\?71 #ce ,c[s & ,calves1 & #b1cej ,%eep & ,lambs4 ,,prices4--,beef ,cattle h slightly improv$1 & we quote #d4be a #e to #e4be a #e4ej = ! be/4 #a1aja unsold4 ,c[s & ,calves4--,all tak5 at #ah a #bg4 ,%eep & ,lambs4--,sales ( ,lambs at #a a #b1 & ( ,%eep at #a4cg a #c4ej4 #ajj unsold4 ,hay4--,sales at #fb a #ge c5ts p] cwt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rem>ks4--,a%es1 s9ce ! late news f ,europe1 h be5 9 good reque/4 ,c&les1 especially ^? made ( /e>ic1 are brisk4 ,cotton4 ,! day aft] ! arrival ( ! ,cal$onia ) advices ( a fall 9 ,engl&1 ?is article rec$$ ne>ly ( a c5t p] lb42 b a brisk dem& spr++ up = export1 x has recov]$1 & is ab\t ! same n[ z be=e ! reception ( ! late news4 ,we he> no?+ p>ticul>ly new f ! s\? reg>d+ ! pick+1 ! wea!r ^u ! :ole suppos$ to be m favorable4 ,export f ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce #a/ ,septemb] la/1 #fb1dej bales2 same "t la/ ye>1 #aac1cja2 same "t ye> be=e1 #ii1ijd4 ,fl\r4 ,! cont9u$ navigation on ! canals1 has br\ght u an unprec$5t$ supply1 & a l>ge quantity has gone into /ore2 a good bus9ess1 h[ev]1 cont9ues to be done 9 x4 ,! total arrivals ?is season h be5 #a1ddj1jjj brls4 ,rye-fl\r is dull4 ,buck:eat1 v sc>ce & advanc+4 ,cornmeal1 dull4 ,:eat is 9 good dem&1 & prices /iff4 ,rye1 decl9+4 ,b>ley1 ,oats1 & ,corn1 9 fair dem&4 ,hemp1 dull4 ,hops1 improv+4 ,molasses1 n mu* inquir$ =4 ,beef & ,pork1 quiet1 & little do+ at pres5t 9 !m4 ,l>d1 mu* want$4 ,hogs4 ,extreme rates n[ 9 ,c9c9nati are f #b4be to #b4ge2 we are free to repeat1 h[ev]1 t we believe ! fir/ quality ( hogs w be wor? #c by ,*ri/mas4 ,rice1 ( ! bett] qualities1 sc>ce4 ,se$s1 especially ,timo?y1 9 good reque/4 ,sug>1 q inactive4 ,tobacco1 f9e ,k5tucky1 sc>ce & want$2 /ems1 none 9 m>ket4 ,wool seems to h tak5 a fre% />t aga91 & prices h an upw>d t5d5cy4 ,/ocks4 ,a l>ge bus9ess cont9ues to be done 9 ^!1 & !y are /ill gradually advanc+4 ,money pl5ty1 & seek+ inve/m5t at ! usual l[ rates4 ,real ,e/ate seems at la/ to h come into dem&1 & consid]able sales 9 ?is species ( prop]ty h rec5tly tak5 place at good prices4 ,x mu/ h5ce=? advance4 ,our population & weal? h increas$ 9 an unprec$5t$ ratio )9 ! pa/ f\r ye>s1 & !re is no reason :y real e/ate %\ld rema9 at its late l[ prices1 & transactions 9 x any long] /agnant4 ,bus9ess g5]ally1 ! pa/ season1 has be5 extremely good2 & we d n hesitate to say1 few ye>s c %[ a great] am\nt ( sub/antial pr(its4 ,we consid] ! days ( d>kness z pass$1 & we may n[ look =w>d to ! future ) ! brighte/ anticipations4 ,pack+ ,pork4--,on ?is subject we quote f ! ,c9c9nati ,*ronicle ( #bb;d ,novemb]4 ,= ! b5efit ( our di/ant read]s1 :o may be dispos$ to s5d _! ord]s "h = pork1 we give bel[ ! pork-m]*ant's prices = pack+ ?is season1 bas$ ^u #fj c5ts p] bu%el = ,turk-,isl& salt1 #hg c5ts = bbls41 #bh c5ts p] bu%el = ,k5hawa f9e salt1 & #ge c5ts to #a4ej p] day1 = labor]s4 ,= receiv+1 weigh+1 & cutt+ ! hogs1 a block-fee ( #e c5ts ea*4 ,= pack+ p] bbl41 includ+ all *>ges1 #a4fj a #a4ge4 ,= salt+ #ajj lbs4 9 bulk1 includ+ saltpetre = ! jo9ts1 #a4fb a #a4ge4 ,smok+ p] #a4jjj lbs41 includ+ wa%+1 #a4be4 ,r5d]+ l>d1 #cg a #ej c5ts p] #ajj lbs41 :i* does n include ! price ( ! keg or b>rel--#b to #e c5ts is also *>g$ on ea* keg or b>rel1 = nail+ ! hoops1 bor+1 weigh+1 & m>k+4 ,! coop]age is *>g$ at co/4 ,,to ,,correspond5ts4 --,a4 ,b4 ,y\r package ( ,essays is s5t to ,t4 ,c4 ,r4 ( ,p41 z direct$1 & we h writt5 y 9 full 9 x4 ,! %eep-articles %all be cond5s$ z y sugge/1 if we c possibly f9d room1 & pap]s 9 any ev5t s5t to ! g5tlem5 ^: names are giv54 ,good ,s\?-,d[ns1 or ,m]9os1 c be _h f #aj to #bj ea*4 ,x is n wor? :ile to transport l[]-pric$ animals su* a di/ance4 ,= ,ramb\illets1 #cj to #ej ea*4 ,see ,mr4 ,coll9s' lett]1 ,sept4 ,no41 page #aff4 ,h5ry ,a4 ,field1 ,j4 ,w4 ,/u>t1 ,s4 ,b4 ,p>sons1 ,james ,bates1 & ,d4 ,k4 ,m9or1 9 our next4 ,,ackn[l$gm5t4 --,f "s unkn[n fri5d1 we h receiv$ a t9 case conta9+ two f9e pa9t+s ( cattle1 %eep1 c4 ,we %\ld be pleas$ to "k to :om we are indebt$ = ^!1 = no note accompani$ !m1 & we c h>dly guess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,black ,,gall[ay ,,cattle4 ,a pure-br$ import$ c[1 & a bull ( ! ,gall[ay or ,kyloe bre$ ( ,scot* ,highl& cattle1 are = sale 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,^! animals are v f9e ( _! k9d1 & 7 *os5 f "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ bre$]s ( ?is /ock 9 ,scotl&4 ,! c[ took sev]al prizes at ! agricultural %[s be=e be+ %ipp$ to ?is c\ntry1 & gives a sup]ior quality ( milk4 ,! bull is q equal to ! c[1 & !y w be sold at a reasonable price4 ,apply1 po/ paid1 to ! ,editor ( ?is pap]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f>m+ ,,l&s ,,= ,,sale4 ,= sale1 ab\t #ejj acres ( *oice f>m+ l&s1 ly+ on ! ,erie canal & ,niag>a riv]1 #e miles f ,buffalo1 & "o mile bel[ ! ,hydraulic ,works 9 ,black ,rock4 ,!re is a due proportion ( cle>$ & timb] l&1 & ! soil is equally adapt$ = gra91 grass1 & roots4 ,its proximity to an ext5sive & gr[+ m>ket1 z well z ! conv5i5ce1 beauty1 & heal?fulness ( ! location1 r5d] ?is "o ( ! mo/ desirable situations 9 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,! mo/ lib]al cr$it w be giv5 to pur*as]s4 ,address1 po/ paid1 ,r4 ,l4 ,,all51 #aef ,ma9 /41 ,buffalo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,l9n,,an ,,botanic ,,g>d5 ,,& ,,nurs]y--,,late ,,pr9ce',s4 ,,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i41 ,,ne> ,,new ,,york4 ,! ,new ,descriptive ,catalogue1 n only ( ,fruit1 b also ( ,ornam5tal ,trees1 ,%rubs1 & ,plants1 cultivat$ & = sale at ?is anci5t & celebrat$ ,nurs]y 7kn[n z ,pr9ce's1 & by ! above title = ne>ly fifty ye>s71 ) directions = _! culture1 may be _h gratis on application to ! new proprietors by mail1 po/ paid4 ,! collection at ?is e/abli%m5t is unrivall$1 & prices g5]ally v mu* r$uc$2 & ! proprietors flatt] !mselves t ! catalogue w be f\nd to surpass 9 ext5t ( in=mation & usefulness1 any?+ ( ! k9d ev] be=e pres5t$ to ! public1 & to be wor?y ( a p]man5t place 9 ! libr>y ( ! horticulturi/4 ,ord]s w be promptly execut$4 ,,w9t] ,co41 ,proprietors4 ,flu%+1 ,oct4 #bd?1 #ahdc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,/ock ,,man ,,want$ ,,to ,,g ,,s\?4 ,a plant]1 9 ! /ate ( ,georgia1 wi%es to engage a fai?ful compet5t man to take *>ge ( 8 /ock4 ,if he be m>ri$1 & 8 wife be a good dairywoman1 %e w also f9d employm5t4 ,! situation is 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 & q heal?y4 ,none ne$ apply if above middle age1 or :o h n _h "s exp]i5ce 9 _! bus9ess 9 ?is c\ntry1 & c br+ ! be/ ( ref]5ces4 ,address ! ,editor ( ?is pap]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bus9ess ,,ag5cy4 ,! ,subscrib] w att5d promptly to ! execution ( all ord]s = ! pur*ase ( /ock1 agricultural implem5ts1 or m]*&ise ( any k9d2 also ! negotiation ( loans1 sales ( l&s1 paym5t ( taxes1 c4 ,he has be5 m or less engag$ 9 m]cantile pursuits 9 ?is city = t5 ye>s1 & has an ext5sive acqua9tance ) money$ m51 & a ?or\gh k ( bus9ess 9 g5]al4 ,ca% or produce mu/ inv>iably be 9 h&1 be=e ord]s = pur*ases c be execut$4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,all54 #bje ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*eap ,,ca% ,,book/ore1 #bje ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 ,saxton ,miles1 ,publi%]s1 & deal]s 9 ,books 9 e dep>tm5t ( ,lit]ature1 at v r$uc$ prices = ca%4 ,s4 ,m4 publi% ! foll[+ ,book1 :i* %\ld be 9 e family 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,,gunn',s ,,dome/ic ,,m$ic9e1 or ! ,poor ,man's ,fri5d4 ,among ! _m publications ( m ?an d\btful utility1 ) :i* our presses groan1 x is pleasant to (f] to ! public "o :i*1 :ile x c n injure ! m5tal & moral p[]s1 is capable ( improv+ our heal? & prolong+ our days4 ,x is n[ ab\t t5 ye>s s9ce ?is "w 0 fir/ publi%$1 s9ce :i* "t x has pass$ ?r\gh _m l>ge editions1 & ! a/oni%+ numb] ( "o hundr$ ?\s& copies has be5 sold 9 ! s\!rn & we/]n /ates1 & ! dem& is increas+4 ,x has j be5 revis$ & correct$1 conta9+ #ijj pages1 & execut$ 9 sup]ior /yle4 ,p may be dispos$ to smile :5 we tell !m t !y c save money by pur*as+ ?is book1 b we ?9k we c satisfy !m t su* is ! fact1 ,9 e family m or less is paid ye>ly = doctor's bills4 ,a *ild is tak5 ) a fev]1 or "s o!r compla9t1 & f ignorance no?+ is or c be done effectually to *eck x4 ,! physician is call$1 & a l>ge bill is contract$2 :]eas1 _h ,,gunn',s ,,dome/ic ,,m$ic9e be5 on h&1 a rem$y c\ld easily h be5 f\nd :i* w\ld h *eck$ ! disease 9 its fir/ /age1 & n only h sav$ ! purse1 b p]haps ! life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ ,almanac = #ahdd4 ,?is "w comprises #fd pages1 d\ble columns octavo1 ) num]\s wood cuts1 price #h p] hundr$1 #ab c5ts ea*4 ,9 ! cont5ts w be f\nd--,agricultural ,/ati/ics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,aspects & ,nodes--,a/ronomical ,cal5d>s = ,montreal1 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,*>le/on1 & ,new ,orleans--,*>act]s & ,names ( ! ,planets1 c4--,f>m]s' ,nor!rn ,cal5d>s1 ) p>ticul> directions = ! managem5t ( ! ,f>m1 ,cattle1 ,fruit & ,fl[] ,g>d51 c4--,s\!rn ,cal5d>s = ! ,plant] & ,f>m]1 ) explicit directions = ! culture & h>ve/+ ( ,cotton1 ,rice1 ,tobacco1 c41 c4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,agriculturi/4 ,publi%$ ,mon?ly1 ea* numb] conta9+ #cb pages1 royal octavo4 ,,t]ms--,"o ,doll> p] ye> 9 advance2 s+le numb]s1 ,t5 ,c5ts2 ?ree copies = ,two ,doll>s2 eight copies = ,five ,doll>s4 ,ea* numb] ( ! ,agriculturi/ conta9s b ,"o %eet1 subject to newspap] po/age only1 :i* is "o c5t 9 ! ,/ate1 or )9 #ajj miles ( its publication1 & "o & a half c5ts1 if ov] #ajj miles1 )\t ! ,/ate4 ,,adv]tisem5ts w be ins]t$ at ,"o ,doll>1 if n exce$+ twelve l9es1 & 9 ! same proportion1 if exce$+ t numb]4 ,symbol ,remit ?r\gh ,po/ma/]s1 z ! law all[s4 ,editors ( ,newspap]s notic+ ! numb]s ( ?is "w mon?ly1 or adv]tis+ x1 w be furni%$ a copy gratis1 ^u s5d+ su* notice to ?is ,(fice4 ,volume ,i ( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,agriculturi/1 ) table ( cont5ts complete1 = sale at #a2 h&somely b\nd 9 clo?1 #a #be4 ,x is a neat & ta/eful book1 & makes a h&some premium = di/ribution ) ,agricultural ,societies2 to :i*1 :5 sev]al copies are ord]$1 a lib]al disc\nt w be made4 ,symbol ,to prev5t confusion1 all lett]s m]ely ord]+ ?is "w1 or enclos+ money = subscriptions1 %\ld be address$ to ,saxton ,miles1 #bje ,broadway1 po/-paid or frank$ by ! ,po/ma/]4 ,communications = publication1 to be direct$ to ! ,editor2 & all private lett]s1 or ^? on bus9ess disconnect$ ) ! pap]1 %\ld be address$1 simply1 ,a4 ,b4 ,all51 #bje ,broadway4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/ock ,,= ,,sale4 ,r4 ,h4 ,h5drickson ,co41 ( ,middlet[n1 ,butl] c\nty1 ,ohio1 w promptly att5d to ord]s = ,%ort-,horn ,cattle1 ,bakewell1 ,m]9o1 ,s\?-,d[n1 & ,saxon ,%eep2 also = ,b]k%ire pigs f ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 import$ f ,engl&1 & tw5ty *oice ,b]k%ire s[s1 a "p ( :i* 7 also import$4 ,w9dsor ,ca/le /&s #c feet high1 & is e/imat$ by compet5t judges to weigh #ajjj lbs4 ,pigs ( crosses ) ! import$ ,k5ilwor?1 ! l>ge ,miami1 ,byfield1 & ,grazi] /ocks1 w likewise be furni%$4 ,none b *oice specim5s ( any ( ! above /ock w be suppli$1 & at prices correspond+ ) ! times4 ,address1 po/ paid1 z above4 ,oct4 #ab?1 #ahdc4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,h5drickson ,co4 ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,am]ican ,,agriculturi/4 ,john ,halsall1 ,booksell]1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,g4 ,s4 ,ta9tor1 ,booksell]1 ,nat*ez1 ,miss4 ,s4 ,f4 ,gale ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,john ,j4 ,h]rick1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,j4 ,b4 ,/eele1 ,new ,orleans4 ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,saxton1 ,peirce1 ,co41 ,bo/on4 ,ar?ur ,d4 ,phelps1 ,bo/on4 ,r4 ,h4 ,h5drickson1 ,middlet[n1 ,ohio ,&rew ,campbell4 ,e4 ,cornell1 ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h4 ,kirkl&1 ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 ,john ,bonn]1 ,:ite ,pla9s1 ,georgia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,decemb] ,,numb]4 ,,editorial4 ,page4 ,fatt5+ ,p\ltry1 #cba ,f]tility ( ,sea-,mud1 #cbb ,sket*es ( ! ,we/1 ,no4 #b1 #cbc ,bre$s ( ,f[ls1 #cbe ,new ,york ,f>m]s' ,club1 ,next ,annual ,%[ ( ! ,/ate ,ag4 ,society1 #cbg ,t\r 9 ,engl&1 ,no4 #ae1 #cbh ,agricultural ,%[s1 #ccj ,sale ( ,ramb\illet ,m]9os1 ,price ( ,%eep ,dogs1 ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,ag4 ,society1 #ccb ,li/ ( ,premiums ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute 7cont9u$71 ,=eign ,agricultural ,news1 #cdi ,review ( ! ,m>ket1 ,to ,correspond5ts1 #cea ,ackn[l$gm5t1 ,t]ms & li/ ( ,ag5ts1 #ceb ,,extracts4 ,mak+ ,capons1 #ccd ,graft+ & ,budd+1 #cce ,high ,cranb]ry1 #cci ,,orig9al ,,correspond5ce4 ,h4 ,d4 ,grove1 ,f9e-,wool ,%eep1 #cdj ,r4 ,b4 ,c1 ,sea-,mud z a ,f]tiliz]1 #cda ,h5ry ,meigs1 ,f>m ( ,hugh ,maxwell1 ,esq41 #cdb ,rob]t ,l4 ,wright1 ,m$it]ranean ,:eat1 ,c4 ,mc,d41 ,topp+ ,cotton-,m>l1 #cdc ,r4 ,l4 ,all51 ,h9ts on ! ,cultivation ( ,:eat1 #cdd ,s4 ,a41 ,a ,p5nsylvania ,dairy1 #cdf ,wm4 ,p>tridge1 ,reply to ! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle1 #cdg ,am]4 ,ag4 ,almanac1 ,s\!rn ,cal5d> = ,decemb]1 d4 d4 ,nor!rn d4 d4 #cdh ,transcrib]s notes3 ,a mixture ( ar*aic & mod]n spell+ is us$4 ,= example2 visit]s & visitors4 ,?is is reta9$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation is reta9$4 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,small capitals h be5 capitalis$4