,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics71 & text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,sid5otes are id5tifi$ z3 ,,sn3 text ( sid5ote4 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,galvanic ,,batt]y ,,9 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,surg]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,galvanic ,,batt]y ,,9 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,surg]y ,a ,disc\rse ,,deliv]$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,hunt]ian ,,society4 ,,by ,,h]b]t ,,tibbits1 ,m4,d4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,9 ,,ed9burgh2 ,,honor>y ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,society ,,( ,,neurology ,,& ,,electrology2 ,,late ,,honor>y ,,m$ical ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,hospital ,,= ,,! ,,p>alys$ ,,& ,,epileptic1 ,,oue5',s ,,squ>e1 ,,bloomsbury1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,m$ical ,,society ,,( ,,london2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,cl9ical1 ,,oph?almological1 ,,h>veian ,,& ,,pa?ological ,,societies2 ,,f\nd] ,,(1 ,,& ,,s5ior ,,physician ,,to1 ,,! ,,we/ ,,end ,,hospital ,,= ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em2 ,,& ,,m$ical ,,(fic] ,,= ,,electrical ,,treatm5t ,,to ,,! ,,hospital ,,= ,,sick ,,*ildr51 ,,great ,,ormonde ,,/reet1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,?ird ,,edition ,,revis$1 ,,& ,,incorporat+ ,,?ree ,,lectures ,,^u ,,electro-,,!rapeutics ,,deliv]$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,at ,,! ,,national ,,hospital ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,*ur*ill1 #aa ,,new ,,burl+ton ,,/reet4 #ahhf4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,?is ,disc\rse 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 compliance ) ! reque/ ( sev]al ( ^? :o he>d x deliv]$1 & :o express$ to me an op9ion t busy practition]s might p]haps be glad to h at h&1 & 9 small compass1 su* in=mation z x conta9$4 ,x 0 obvi\sly impossible to d m 9 s limit$ a "t ?an to make a g5]al ref]5ce to ! !rapeutic uses ( electricity2 & ! mo/ t ,i attempt$ 9 ?is direction 0 to recall to ! recollection ( my audi5ce ^? conditions ( disease 9 :i* ! application ( electricity w\ld seem--)\t d\bt--to be requir$2 & to indicate ! me?ods ( application mo/ g5]ally useful4 ,! con/ruction ( app>atus c n be und]/ood f v]bal or writt5 description alone2 & ,i app5d$ to ! text c]ta9 notes1 & illu/rations ( ! in/rum5ts :i* ,i submitt$ to ! ,society4 ,) ! ,second ,edition ,i incorporat$ ?ree ,lectures :i* ,i deliv]$ at ! ,national ,hospital = ! ,p>alys$ & ,epileptic2 & to ?is ,edition ,i h app5d$ su* additional matt] z ,i believe w prove useful to ! /ud5t4 ,i may add t ,i h endeav\r$1 z 0 said by a deceas$ physician1 8to pa9t electro-!rapeutics n imp]fectly1 b1 z x 71 9 m9iature30 & t :ile ,i h c>efully revis$ e page1 & h notic$ all real improvem5ts introduc$ to ! pr(ession s9ce ! ,fir/ ,edition1 ,i h kept ! book a small book3 & ,i v5ture to hope a book easily to be und]/&$ by ! multitude ( practition]s :o ask daily :at in/rum5ts to use1 & :51 & especially h[1 to use !m4 ,^! que/ions ,i h endeav\r$ to answ] 9 ! foll[+ pages1 :i* conta9 su* details1 & su* details only1 z ,i believe x ess5tial = ! practition] to ma/]4 #fh1 ,,wimpole ,,/reet1 ,w4 ,decemb]1 #ahhe4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,electrical ,,in/rum5ts4 ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,electricity4 #a4 ,,frankl9ism4 ,me?od ( ,g5]at+4 ,! ,plate ,ma*9e4 ,w9t]'s ,ma*9e4 ,c>r's ,ma*9e4 ,! 8,bis*(f0 ,gas ,eng9e4 ,! 8,h& ,fly-,:eel40 ,accessories ,requir$4 ,its ,adm9i/ration4 7a7 ,electro-,positive ,ba?4 7b7 ,electro-,negative ,ba?4 7c7 by ,sp>ks4 #b4 ,,voltaism4 ,po9ts ( ,di/9ction betwe5 ! ,voltaic & ,f>adaic ,curr5ts4 ,! ,ess5tials ( a ,voltaic ,batt]y4 ,! #dj-;,cell ,batt]y4 ,! ,galvanomet] z an aid to ! ,dosage ( ,electricity4 #c4 ,,f>adism4 ,! ,ess5tials ( a ,f>adaic ,in/rum5t4 ,description ( a ,f>adaic ,in/rum5t4 ,! ,comb9$ ,hospital ,batt]y4 ,,! ,,accessories ,,( ,,electrical ,,app>atus4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,apply+ ,,electricity4 ,r,,sum ,,( ,,fir/ ,,lecture4 ,,g5]aliz$ ,,electrization4 ,! ,positive ,*>ge4 ,! ,electric ,ba?4 ,g5]al ,f>adization4 ,c5tral ,galvanization4 ,,localiz$ ,,voltaization ,,& ,,localiz$ ,,f>adization4 ,direct ,muscul> ,electrization4 ,indirect 0 0 ,diff]5t k9ds ( ,rheophores4 ,importance ( exactitude 9 adm9i/]+ a ,con/ant ,curr5t4 ,,cutane\s ,,electrization4 7a7 ,! ,electric ,h&4 7b7 ,metallic ,conductors4 7c7 ,! ,wire ,bru%4 ,,electrization ,,( ,,int]nal ,,organs4 7a7 ( ,rectum & ,muscles ( ,anus4 7b7 ( ,bladd]4 7c7 ( ,ut]us4 7d7 ( ,l>ynx4 7e7 ( ,male ,g5itals4 ,,electrization ,,( ,,c5tral ,,organs ,,( ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em4 7a7 ( ! ,bra94 7b7 ( ! ,sympa!tic4 7c7 ( ! ,sp9al ,cord4 7d7 ( ! ,ret9a4 7e7 ( ! ,auditory ,n]ve4 ,,precautions ,,to ,,be ,,obs]v$ ,,9 ,,all ,,m$ical ,,applications ,,( ,,electricity4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,diagnosis ,,& ,,treatm5t4 ,a4--,electricity 9 ,diagnosis4 ,,limitation ,,( ,,electricity ,,9 ,,diagnosis4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,te/+ ,,f>ado-,,irritability4 0 ,,voltao-,,irritability4 ,,rule ,,= ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,curr5t4 ,,diagnosis ,,:5 ,,irritability ,,is ,,normal4 dim9i%$4 increas$4 dim9i%$ to ,f>adism & increas$ to ,voltaism4 ( ,p]iph]al f ,c5tral ,disease4 ( comm5c+ ,p>aplegia f ,locomotor ,ataxy4 ( ,real f ,feign$ ,disease4 ,,electricity ,,z ,,pro( ,,positive ,,( ,,dea?4 ,b4--,electricity 9 ,treatm5t4 ,,limitation ,,( ,,electricity ,,z ,a ,,rem$y4 ,,frankl9ization4 7a7 9 ,facial ,neuralgia4 7b7 9 ,sciatica4 7c7 9 ,facial ,spasm4 7d7 9 ,emotional ,aphonia4 7e7 9 ,hy/]ical ,hyp]/hesia4 7f7 9 ,tremor4 ,,note ,,^u ,,rec5t ,,additions ,,to ,,our ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,b5efit ,,( ,,frankl9ization ,,9 ,,diseases ,,( ,,debility4 ,,voltaization4 ,! 8,con/ant ,curr5t40 ,possesses an ,influ5ce 8sui g5]is40 ,,electrization 9 ,neuralgia4 9 ,fatigue ,diseases4 9 ,electrotonus4 its ,resolv5t ,effects4 9 ,electrolysis4 9 ,impot5ce4 9 ,g\t4 9 ,rheumatic ,ar?ritis4 9 ,muscul> ,rheumatism4 9 ,g5]al ,debility4 9 ,atrophic ,p>alysis4 9 ,infantile ,p>alysis4 9 ,traumatic ,p>alysis4 9 ,lead ,palsy4 9 ,facial ,p>alysis4 9 ,wa/+ ,palsy4 9 ,hemiplegia4 ,,electrization z a ,direct ,application to ! ,bra94 9 ,sp9al ,p>aplegia4 9 ,p>aplegic ,con/ipation4 9 ,incont95ce ( ,ur9e4 9 ,hy/]ical ,p>alysis4 9 ,locomotor ,ataxy4 9 ,insanity4 9 ,diseases ( ,wom54 z an ,emm5agogue4 9 ,in]tia ,ut]i4 9 ,po/-p>tum ,hmorrhage4 9 ,ut]9e ,neuralgia4 9 ,/]ility4 9 ,p>alysis ( ,n]ves ( ,special ,s5se4 ,r,,sum ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,electro-,,!rapeutics4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,a ,,galvanic ,,batt]y ,,9 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,surg]y4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,electrical ,,in/rum5ts4 ,,mr4 ,,presid5t ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,,sn3 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4 ,:5 y\r ,c\ncil did me ! hon\r to ask me to br+ be=e y ! subject ( ,electro-!rapeutics1 ,i felt t ! invitation 0 address$ r to ! ,hospital to :i* ,i am atta*$ ?an to myself1 see+ t to x belongs ! m]it ( hav+ be5 = "s ye>s ! pione] & outpo/1 s to say1 9 ?is metropolis ( ! sci5tific & me?odical application ( electricity to ! alleviation & removal ( disease2 & t we are indebt$ to "o ( its di/+ui%$ physicians = a rem>kable inve/igation into animal electricity1 & ! demon/ration t mu* ( :at we h be5 accu/om$ to attribute to a 8vital pr9ciple0 may1 9 reality1 be ! effect only ( electrical *>ge & dis*>ge#a 7a valuable contribution to ! correlation ( ! ,physical ,=ces72 & to my pr$ecessor = ! discov]y ( ! special influ5ce ( voltaic curr5ts 9 c]ta9 =ms ( p>alysis4#b ,z x is "o ( our objects 9 our practice "h to /udy ! scope & ! limits ( electricity z a rem$y 9 disease1 x seem$ to me n inappropriate to devote my fir/ ,lectures to electro-!rapeutics2 & ! m s1 z few m$ical m5 h a practical k ( ! subject2 & ,i fe> t ! pr(ession g5]ally1 ?r\gh lack+ ?is practical k1 are to "s ext5t responsible = ! utt] & a/\nd+ recklessness ) :i* ! laity--ev] ready to ru% 9 :]e physicians fe> to tread--are prone to apply pa9ful & dang]\s electrization1 n to !mselves1 b to _! suff]+ fri5ds2 :ile x is /ill too common = ! m$ical practition] 7z quot$ by ,gold+ ,bird upw>ds ( =ty ye>s ago7 to consid] t :5 8 fiat has gone =? 8let ! pati5t be electrifi$10 he has done all t is necess>y1 :ile ! pati5t usually c>ries out ?is m&ate by ! pur*ase ( a rot>y magneto-electric ma*9e1 & by us+ x accord+ to ! directions ( its mak]1 :o is g5]ally ab\t z well fitt$ to tea* its application 9 disease z is ! mak] ( an amputat+ knife to op]ate ) x6 ,! almo/ complete abs5ce 9 ! m$ical s*ools ( ! great hospitals ( opportunities = an adequate /udy ( electro-!rapeutics1 ! importance ( ! subject1 & ! widespread att5tion t x is awak5+ ?r\gh\t ! pr(ession1 h also det]m9$ me to sket* z briefly z is consi/5t ) cle>ness ! pres5t position ( ! sci5ce & practice ( m$ical electricity1 & especially ( its practice4#c ,electricity1 ,g5tlem51 is by no means "o ( ^? rem$ies t1 fail+ to d good1 is little likely to d h>m4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 injudici\s h&s1 x is pot5t = evil1 :ile ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f x is 9 exact proportion to ! judgm5t & c>e ) :i* x is adm9i/]$4 ,moreov]1 ! results ( its employm5t are dep5d5t1 m ?an ) any o!r !rapeutic ag5cy1 ^u ! me?ods by :i* x is appli$--me?ods t %\ld be famili>1 n alone to a few speciali/s1 b to e practition]4 ,address+ y :o are engag$ 9 active practice1 ) little "t to devote to m$ical electricity1 x w1 ,i ?9k1 be m acceptable = me n to we>y y ) a t$i\s disc\rse ^u ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( electricity1 = ! practical application ( ^! matt]s conc]ns r ! in/rum5t-mak] ?an ! m$ical practition]1 & ,i %all discuss none ( !m1 except incid5tally1 & ) precise ref]5ce to _! application to m$ic9e4 ,besides1 we "k little ( !m1 & ,i _c =get t ,f>aday said t 8he once ?\ght he knew some?+ ab\t electricity1 b ! m he inve/igat$ x ! less he f\nd he und]/ood x40 ,let u !n be cont5t ) its def9ition z a 8,,=ce10 8p]vad+ all nature1 lat5t 9 e sub/ance1 & liable at any mom5t to be excit$ by me*anical or *emical means40 ,nor d ,i propose to make ^! ,lectures 9 any s5se exhau/ive1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to include 9 !m only su* in=mation z is ess5tial1 & su* z y may readily1 & )\t ef=t1 reta9 9 y\r memory4 ,i %all direct especial att5tion to practical po9ts :i* are ( importance to ! successful use ( electricity2 = f non-obs]vance ( small details ( application _m failures h result$1 ! treatm5t gett+ a measure ( discr$it1 :i* 9 /rict ju/ice %\ld h atta*$ only to ! op]ator4 ,9 ! pres5t ,lecture ,i %all consid] in/rum5ts1 _! con/ruction & managem5t1 a dry subject1 b an ess5tial "o1 ! fir/ requisite ( a good workman be+ complete famili>ity ) 8 tools1 lack+ :i* he w be ! victim ( con/antly recurr+ annoyances & difficulties2 = al?\gh ! pres5t position ( electro-!rapeutics is l>gely due to improv$ me?ods ( adm9i/ration1 ^! me?ods w\ld be impossible ) faulty in/rum5ts1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! mo/ p]fect in/rum5ts require a c]ta9 am\nt ( skill & c>e 9 _! managem5t1 & "s acqua9tance ) at lea/ ! me*anical details ( _! con/ruction2 & )\t ?is rudim5t>y k x is also impossible to usefully comp>e "o in/rum5t ) ano!r4#d ,my second ,lecture w be devot$ to ! diff]5t me?ods ( apply+ electricity1 & my ?ird & la/ to its uses 9 ! diagnosis & treatm5t ( disease4 ,,sn3 ,v>ieties ( ,electricity4 ,we make use ( ?ree v>ieties ( electricity 9 m$ic9e4 ,fir/ly1 ( /atic or friction electricity1 ! electricity ( glass & amb]1 appropriately call$ f its e>ly inve/igator1 ,frankl9ism4 ,secondly1 ( ! electricity ( *emical action1 ,galvanism1 or bett]1 ,voltaism1 ! 8,con/ant ,curr5t40 ,?irdly1 ( ,f>adism1 ! induc$ curr5ts ( mom5t>y duration1 :i* are g5]at$ or induc$1 9 a coil ( wire by ! action ^u x1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ( a magnet1 or ( a ,voltaic curr5t4 ,,frankl9ism4 ,frankl9ism1 sometimes ( ! utmo/ value1 & f> surpass+1 9 c]ta9 cases1 any o!r =m ( electricity1 has "s inconv5i5ces 9 its application1 & has hi!rto be5 little us$ b by speciali/s4 ,rec5t improvem5ts 9 ,frankl9ic in/rum5ts h1 h[ev]1 l>gely remov$ ^! inconv5i5ces1 & h plac$ at ! g5]al s]vice ( ! pr(ession a rem$y ( mu* good & /ill great] promise4 ,! fundam5tal requisite 9 all ,frankl9ic ma*9es1 consi/s 9 ! rotation ( a glass plate aga9/ a lea!rn or o!r rubb]1 & ! accumulation ( ! result+ electricity ^u a metallic receiv]1 insulat$ by a non-conduct+ support1 usually ( glass4 ,,sn3 ,frankl9ism ,disc>d+ ! primitive cyl9d] ma*9e1 n[ long s9ce disus$1 we w fir/ly consid] ! plate ma*9e 9 :i* ! electricity aris+ f ! friction ( ! rotat+ glass plate aga9/ ! upp] & l[] cu%ions1 is collect$ by two brass arms & di/ribut$ to ! brass conductor1 f :i* !y bran* out1 & :i* is insulat$ by a glass support4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,plate ,electrical ,ma*9e & ,glass-legg$ ,/ool4 ,! ma*9e %\ld be fix$ ^u a firm /& t x may be q /eady dur+ rotation1 & be screw$ to a heavy pa9t$ deal table1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,w9t]'s ,ma*9e4 ,:5 v seldom us$1 & :]e exp5se is a consid]ation1 v fair results may be obta9$ f a ,w9t]'s ma*9e ) a plate ( only #ae in*es 9 diamet]1 & :i* is easily c>ri$4 ,9 ?is in/rum5t1 ,fig4 #b1 ! fact t ! quantity ( electricity :i* may be accumulat$ ^u a conductor is dep5d5t ^u its size has be5 mo/ +5i\sly appli$1 ! surface ( ! conductor be+ enorm\sly increas$ by ! ins]tion into a l>ge wood5 r+ ( a core ( ?ick iron wire4 ,electricity accumulates ^u ! wire1 & is prev5t$ f escap+ by ! insulat+ wood5 cov]+4 ,b 9 ! daily or frequ5t use ( ,frankl9ism x is ess5tial1 equally = ! com=t ( ! op]ator1 z = ! b5efit ( ! pati5t1 t ! mo/ effici5t app>atus %\ld be provid$4 ,! "o del9eat$ 9 ,fig4 #c1 & :i* ,i habitually use1 is t kn[n z ,c>r's1 b ,i h modifi$ x by hav+ atta*$ to x a second accumulator1 or conductor 7! fir/ "t1 ,i am l$ to und]/&1 t su* an improvem5t has be5 add$ to any su* ma*9e74 ,?is arrangem5t admits ( ! pati5t receiv+ ! *>ge ( ei!r positive or negative electricity--a condition said by "s physicians to be ( prim>y importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,/atic ,ma*9e ) ,gas ,eng9e & ,insulat+ ,/ool4 ,!re are o!r ma*9es1 b ,i d n propose to we>y y ) _! descriptions4 ,:5 any ,frankl9ic app>atus is 9 use its plate or plates %\ld be ev5ly & uni=mly rotat$1 & x is mu* bett] to h ?is done me*anically r ?an by a man or maid-s]vant4 ,i use a 8,bis*(f's0 gas eng9e1 %[n to ! "r h& 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,x consi/s ( a cyl9d]1 surm\nt$ by a holl[ column s]v+ z a guide to ! pi/on4 ,f ! extremity ( ?is column !re is a v long connect+ rod :i* acts ^u ! crank ( ! %aft ( ! fly-:eel & driv+-pulley4 ,:5 ! pi/on asc5ds x draws 9 dur+ f\r-t5?s ( its c\rse a mixture ( air & gas f ! pipes4 ,a little be=e ! pi/on has asc5d$ half-way a gas jet ignites ! mixture4 ,!re is a slight explosion )\t ! lea/ effect on ! sides ( ! cyl9d]1 b suffici5tly /rong to pu% ! pi/on & cause x to complete its c\rse4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is movem5t ! pi/on is rais$ & acts on ! connect+ rod1 =c+ x upw>ds & half turn+ ! fly-:eel4 ,on acc\nt ( ! spe$ acquir$1 & ( ! impulse giv51 ! fly-:eel cont9ues its c\rse by means ( ! crank & connect+ rod1 & s5ds ! pi/on to ! />t+-po9t aga94 ,!n x asc5ds aga91 tak+ 9 a fre% *>ge ( air & gas1 motion be+ imp>t$ anew to ! driv+ %aft by e revolution ( ! eng9e4 ,an eng9e ( #b-man p[]1 ) an altitude f ! gr\nd to ! top ( ! column ( #d feet1 & ) a fly-:eel measur+ #b feet #f in*es 9 diamet]1 is amply suffici5t = e purpose4 ,x works ev5ly & )\t noise2 x is absolutely free f dang]1 & x is plac$ in/antly 9 or out ( action by m]ely ignit+ or ext+ui%+ a s+le gas jet4 ,b x is rem>kable t no "o seems to h sugge/$--ev5 be=e ! gas-eng9e era--t a 8fly-:eel0 ) a pulley w\ld obviate ! old difficulty ( ! unsatisfactory rotation ( ! ,plate ma*9e4 ,go+ into a hair-cutt]'s %op ,i f\nd ! app>atus1 figur$ to ! left ( ,fig4 #d1 /&+ 9 ! %op to "w ! cu/om>y 8hair bru%+ ma*9]y0 in/ead ( its be+1 z is usual1 fix$ ^u an upp] floor4 ,i obta9$ "o1 & fitt$ x 9 ! mann] %[n1 to a ,c>r's ma*9e4 ,! fly-:eel is s heavy t x c be rotat$ by ! op]ator )\t ! aid ( an assi/ant1 by 8 giv+ ! h&le an occasional 8sw+ r\nd40 ,its mom5tum !n keeps x revolv+ a suffici5t numb] ( times be=e ! next 8sw+0 is requir$1 to enable him to leave x & att5d to 8 pati5t4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! b& f x is atta*$ to a small :eel 9 re> ( ! ,/atic ma*9e is also %[n 9 ! ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,fly-,:eel & ,/atic ,ma*9e4 ,9 ,fig4 #c ! pati5t is be+ 8*>g$0 ) positive electricity1 or1 z ! electro-!rapeuti/s ( fifty ye>s ago w\ld h said1 8he is tak+ an electro-positive ba?10 by be+ insulat$ & connect$ ?r\gh ! metallic rod held 9 8 h& ) ! accumulator ^u :i* ! positive electricity is /or$1 :ile ! negative electricity is 8run (f0 by a brass *a9 lead+ f ! negative accumulator to ! gr\nd4 ,if ! process 7 rev]s$1 ! positive accumulator1 be+ connect$ ) ! gr\nd1 & ! pati5t ) ! negative "o se5 at ! top ( ! ma*9e1 he w\ld be tak+ 8an electro-negative ba?20 = we make him1 z x 71 a "p ( ea* accumulator z ! case may be2 its accumulat$ electricity passes to him & he becomes *>g$4 ,if ! air 7 p]fectly dry he w\ld cont9ue 7z he is insulat$7 9 ?is *>g$ condition1 b ow+ to its conta9$ moi/ure ! electricity rapidly leaves him1 & to ma9ta9 ! *>ge x is necess>y t ! plate ( ! ma*9e %\ld be kept 9 con/ant rotation4 ,inde$1 ! escape ( electricity is s rapid t to get ! be/ action we mu/ h a fire 9 ! room1 & be=e use well rub ! plate1 ! insulat+ supports1 ! legs ( ! /ool1 & all ! glass p>ts ( ! app>atus ) a w>m & dry piece ( flannel4 ,?is is ( importance1 & h[ev] dry ! day1 %\ld z a rule nev] be neglect$4 ,by sme>+ ! inside ( ! cu%ions ( ! ma*9e ) a little pa/e1 compos$ ( an alloy ( m]cury & t9 7te*nically kn[n z 8amalgam071 mix$ ) a little tall[1 ! am\nt ( electricity is mu* increas$1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to sme> ! cu%ions ) too mu*1 :i* _h bett] be b\ght ready prep>$4 ,a piece ab\t ! size ( a small grape = ea* ( ! cu%ions w be en\gh1 & no m ne$ be add$ = two or ?ree weeks4 ,always scrape (f old amalgam be=e add+ new4 ,! cu%ions %\ld be screw$ suffici5tly tight to slightly 8grip0 ! plate1 & if x is f\nd t not)/&+ hav+ rubb$ ! glass ( ! app>atus z above direct$1 ! in/rum5t is n supply+ a suffici5t quantity ( electricity1 remove ! cu%ions & w>m !m ?or\ghly4 ,x is impossible to be too c>eful t ev]y?+ is w>m1 clean1 & dry1 = ! great ob/acle t exi/s aga9/ ! ext5d$ use ( ,frankl9ism is f\nd 9 ?is difficulty sometimes pres5t1 f neglect ( ! above precautions1 9 gett+ effici5t action4 ,b ev5 on a foggy day ! in/rum5t1 ) prop] c>e1 may be made to act well4 ,! op]ator %\ld also rememb] t du/ mu/ be s$ul\sly gu>d$ aga9/4 ,a few drops ( petroleum may be spr9kl$ ^u ! table1 & _! vap\r cond5s+ ^u ! ma*9e w aid 9 protect+ x aga9/ moi/ure4#e ,!re w also be ne$$ two or ?ree l5g?s ( brass *a91 or ( copp] wire1 & a /ool ab\t #d feet by #b feet1 ) f\r glass balls or legs4 ,a /ool ( ?is size admits ( a *air be+ plac$ ^u x1 z 9 ,fig4 #c1 & x w be also useful = c]ta9 applications ( voltaism1 :i* w be m5tion$ lat] on4 ,f\r glass j>s are also ne$$ ) :i* to insulate an ord9>y c\*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,improv$ ,dis*>g]s & ,connect+ ,rod4 ,,fig4 #e;a4 ,a *air1 insulat$ by be+ screw$ to a glass plat=m1 z 9 ,fig4 #e;a1 runn+ on ca/ors1 is an improvem5t ^u ! old-fa%ion$ glass-legg$ /ool4 ,,sn3 ,frankl9ization by ,sp>ks4 ,9 ,fig4 #c1 ! electricity is escap+ f all po9ts ( ! sk91 b if x is desir$ to localize some:at ?is escape along ! c\rse ( c]ta9 n]ve bran*es1 or o!rwise1 b to avoid %ock1 a bru% may be sl[ly pass$ by ! op]ator almo/1 b n q1 9 contact ) ! sk94 ,a s]ies ( rapid & successive reunions ( ! electricity ) ea* bri/le ( ! bru% takes place1 g5]at+ a curr5t ( cold air p]ceptible to ! pati5t4 ,i habitually use = ?is application an ord9>y clo!s-bru%4 ,if :ile 9 connection ) ! conductor any object 7! knuckles w d7 is br\ght suffici5tly ne> to ! pati5t = 8 conta9$ electricity to ov]come ! resi/ance ( ! int]v5+ /ratum ( air1 he is 8dis*>g$0 ) a sp>k4 ,?is is ,frankl9ization by sp>ks1 & is accompani$ by a c]ta9 slight am\nt ( 8%ock40 ,9 ,fig4 #e1 improv$ 8dis*>g]s10 & a conv5i5t metallic connect+ rod are %[n4 ,! ball t]m9ations ( ! dis*>g]s %\ld v>y 9 size1 = )9 c]ta9 limits1 ! l>g] ! ball ! m int5se ! sp>k2 ) ! po9t$ end ! sp>k is v small2 ) ! dis*>g] t]m9at+ 9 _m small metallic po9ts /ill small]1 & ) a simil> dis*>g] made ( wood1 a lum9\s gl[ alone results1 & no sp>k4#f ,i %all discuss1 9 my ?ird ,lecture1 ! !rapeutic values ( ,frankl9ism4 ,,voltaism ,,or ,,galvanism4 ,,sn3 ,voltaism4 ,! ,voltaic curr5t is a cont9u\s curr5t4 ,unless artificially int]rupt$1 ! electricity fl[s 9 an unbrok5 /ream until ! batt]y is exhau/$4 ,! curr5t w gradually less5 9 p[] until x ceases1 b !re w be no break 9 x1 & no *ange 9 its direction1 :i* is uni=mly f ! positive to ! negative pole4 ,,sn3 ,po9ts ( di/9ction betwe5 ! ,voltaic & ,f>adaic ,curr5ts4 ,x is important to recollect ^! po9ts1 = !y con/itute ! *ief physical di/9ction betwe5 ! ,voltaic & ! ,f>adaic--or1 z x is sometimes call$1 ! ,induc$ curr5t4 ,?is latt] is n1 /rictly speak+1 a 8curr5t10 b a rapid dis*>ge or succession ( mom5t>y %ocks1 ea* p]fectly di/9ct 9 itself1 & sep>at$ by an appreciable int]val ( "t f its fell[s4 ,,sn3 ,voltaic ,cells4 ,9 electrization1 a s\rce ( electricity is ( c\rse necess>y1 & ?is is furni%$ by a cell or cells1 ) conta9$ elem5ts & *emicals2 &1 until a few ye>s ago1 x 0 impossible to get a portable cell t rema9$ always 9 ord] & ready = use4#g ,,sn3 ,requisites ( a ,portable ,batt]y4 ,! requisites ( a portable batt]y are t x %\ld be really portable1 always ready = use1 & little liable to get out ( ord]4 ,su* batt]ies may be divid$ into two classes3 fir/ly1 ^? 9 :i* ! elem5ts are ei!r l[]$ into ! excit+ fluid or ! fluid is lift$ to !m1 z 9 ! in/rum5ts ( ,/hr]1 ,weiss1 & almo/ all o!r mak]s2 &1 secondly1 ^? 9 :i* ! elem5ts rema9 immovable 9 _! cells1 & ( ^! ! ,leclan*1 ! ,gaiffe-,clamond1 & ! *loride ( silv]1 are to be g5]ally pref]r$ to any ( ! fir/-nam$ con/ruction1 = !y admit ( ! cells be+ s ne>ly seal$ up t no fluid c be spilt by any movem5t except turn+ ! batt]y q upside d[n2 :ile ! some:at common accid5t ) batt]ies ( ! fir/-nam$ con/ruction--viz41 de/ruction ( ! plates by leav+ !m 9 ! acid1 ) its any?+ b agreeable result ( a consid]able exp5se to replace !m1 is obvi\sly impossible4 ,! only disadvantage !y possess is t :5 exhau/$ x is necess>y to s5d !m to ! mak] to be re*>g$1 :ile ! own] c keep ! fir/-nam$ v>iety 9 ord] himself4 ,effici5t cells are1 h[ev]1 b a fir/ /ep to ! p]fection ( electrical app>atus1 & ! me*anism by :i* ! curr5t is br\ght into use & graduat$1 & ! g5]al accessories ( ! in/rum5t1 are ( at lea/ equal importance4 ,! in/rum5ts :i* ,i am ab\t to describe1 h be5 design$ by myself1 & may be obta9$ f ,mr4 ,hawksley1 ,surgical ,in/rum5t ,mak]1 ,ox=d ,/reet4 ,x is claim$ = !m t !y place at ! s]vice ( ! busy practition] a batt]y t ) ord9>y c>e 7& no in/rum5t w rema9 9 ord] )\t ?is7 may be kept ^u 8 consult+-room table1 always z available to 8 s]vice z 8 /e?oscope or oph?almoscope4 ,?ree k9ds ( batt]ies are con/ruct$3--,a ,voltaic batt]y1 ) any requir$ numb] ( cells1 f #ae to #ajj2 a ,f>adaic batt]y2 & a ,comb9$ batt]y1 unit+ bo? ,voltaic & ,f>adaic curr5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 #dj-;,cell ,voltaic ,batt]y4 ,a4 ,gu>d prev5t+ ! lid be+ %ut1 unless ! ne$le ( ! dial po9ts to 8#j01 & ! in/rum5t is out ( action4 ,b4 ,cells %[n by ! removal ( ! comp>tm5t1 ,h1 = sponges & accessories4 ,c4 ,bolt to secure ! elem5t bo>d1 :i* moves ^u ! h+es1 ,d4 ,d1 ,d4 ,h+es ( elem5t bo>d4 ,e4 ,dial plate regulat+ ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t4 ,! ne$le1 :5 ! batt]y is n 9 use1 %\ld cov] ! /ud1 8#j10 se5 to its left4 ,f4 ,commutator ( ! poles4 ,! poles1 ,n & ,p1 are se5 ?r\gh holes cut 9 ! elem5t bo>d4 ,g4 ,key by :i* ! curr5t c be %ut 8(f0 or 8on10 )\t *ange ( position ( ! conductors4 ,x c also be us$ by vibrat+ x backw>ds & =w>ds z an 8int]rupt]40 ,i1 ,i4 ,b9d+ screws1 to :i* are atta*$ ! conduct+ wires & sponge-hold]s1 c4 ,,sn3 ,! ,voltaic ,batt]y4 ,! ,voltaic ,batt]y 7see ,fig4 #f1 p4 #bj7 has its cells arrang$ 9 ! int]ior ( a mahogany case1 & 9 use !y are hidd5 f view & f dang]1 b ,i n[ p>tially expose !m by removal ( ! tray = hold+ ! sponges & accessories4 ,_! connect+ wires are br\ght across ! "u surface ( ! elem5t bo>d1 :i* is made to move ^u h+es t1 :5 necess>y1 ! cells may be exam9$1 b at o!r times ?is elem5t bo>d is held 9 position by a bolt1 & x %\ld nev] be ne$lessly di/urb$4 ,^! wires conduct ! curr5t ?r\gh ! graduat+ dial1 & ! position ( ! ne$le ( ?is dial det]m9es f h[ _m ( ! cells ! electricity %all be all[$ to rea* ! b9d+ screws1 & f !m1 by way ( ! conductors1 sponge-hold]s1 or electrodes1 ! body ( ! pati5t1#h or :e!r x %all be entirely %ut (f1 z is ! case :5 ! batt]y is n 9 use1 & :5 ! ne$le /&s at 8#j0 7,fig4 #g74 ,:5 ! ne$le po9ts to any /ud numb]$ on ! dial1 ! numb] ( cells m>k$ on t /ud are br\ght into action1 & ! ne$le is made j wide en\gh to t\* "o ( ! /uds be=e x breaks contact ) ! prec$+ "o1 & ?us ! curr5t may be increas$ or decreas$ 9 p[] )\t %ock1 & :ile ! electrodes are held appli$ to ! pati5t2 b if x 7 n s made a s]ies ( pa9ful %ocks w\ld be communicat$ :5ev] ! curr5t 0 increas$ or decreas$4 ,%\ld ! ne$le1 f =getfulness1 be left :5 out ( use 9 any o!r position ?an at 8#j10 a gu>d ^u ! lid ( ! in/rum5t prev5ts its be+ %ut1 & ! op]ator has 8 att5tion call$ to 8 inadv]t5ce4 ,a ,voltaic alt]native1 or *ange ( direction ( ! curr5t1 is sometimes requir$ 9 treatm5t1 & ! commutator ( ! poles enables ?is to be accompli%$ )\t alt]ation 9 ! position ( ! conductors4 ,by pu%+ =w>ds or backw>ds ! h&le :i* moves a lev] work+ bel[ ! elem5t bo>d ! curr5t is in/antly rev]s$1 & ! alt]nation ( ! lett]s 8,p0 & 8,n0 se5 ?r\gh holes cut 9 ! elem5t bo>d indicates at once n only t !re has be5 a *ange ( poles1 b :i* pole is at ! mom5t negative or positive2 :]eas 9 all previ\s in/rum5ts1 :5 ! poles h be5 *ang$1 !re has ei!r be5 no lett] m>k+ !m1 or ?is lett] has really be5 wrong1 & "o has _h to rememb] ?is2 & "u su* circum/ances1 & exam9+ pati5ts 9 rapid succession1 mom5t>y confusion ( ! poles 0 v liable to occur1 ev5 to a practis$ op]ator4 ,a key enables ! curr5t to be %ut (f or on )\t removal ( ! conductors4 ,dirt is a non-conductor ( electricity1 & ! /uds ( ! dial mu/ be kept clean ) em]y pap] or plate-p[d]1 z also ! "u surface ( ! ne$le1 key1 & b9d+ screws1 :i* unscrew to admit ( removal4 ,9 ! daily use ( a batt]y ! *ief "w is usually ?r[n ^u ! fir/ half 7say 9 a batt]y ( =ty cells1 ^u ! fir/ tw5ty-five71 & v>i\s arrangem5ts h be5 add$ to batt]ies by +5i\s in/rum5t-mak]s to enable ! op]ator to v>y 8 selection ( ! cells to be br\ght into use1 & ?us to relieve ! fir/ half ( 8 batt]y1 or1 9 o!r words1 to equalize its "w4 ,b ?is unequal "w "q is m a !oretical ?an a practical evil2 = if ! initial cells gr[ weak] a great] numb] c be plac$ 9 use4 ,i h c>efully /udi$ all ! propos$ modifications1 & h f\nd 9 all ( !m ! rem$y worse ?an ! disease1 unless ! graduat+ dial be d\bl$ 7an orig9al sugge/ion ( my own71 s t ! initial cells ( "o week may be made ! t]m9al cells ( ! next4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,graduat+ dial ) ne$le at 8#j04 ,:5 desir$ batt]ies c be con/ruct$ ) ?is d\ble dial 7,fig4 #h71 b x adds to ! complexity ( ! in/rum5t1 & ,i d n myself use x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,new =m ( ,graduat+ ,dial4 ,9 ,fig4 #i a simil> batt]y is %[n to t j describ$2 b ! elem5ts consi/ ( c>bon & z9c1 & are lift$ into & out ( a bi*romate solution4 ,z x c be re*>g$ by ! own] )\t ! necessity ( s5d+ x to ! mak]1 x is especially suit$ = c\ntry & colonial practition]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 #dj-;,cell ,voltaic ,batt]y ) z9c & c>bon elem5ts1 & lift+ app>atus4 ,,sn3 ,ess5tials ( a ,m$ical ,voltaic ,batt]y4 ,to recapitulate4 ,! ess5tials ( a m$ical ,voltaic batt]y are-- a4 ,a con/ant supply ( electricity ( suffici5t quantity & quality4 b4 ,a means by :i* ?is electricity may be adm9i/]$ 9 measur$ doses4 c4 ,a means by :i* ! direction ( its curr5t may be *ang$4 d4 ,a means by :i* x may be in/antly discont9u$4 ,,f>adism4 ,,sn3 ,! ,f>adaic ,curr5t4 ,! ,f>adaic1 induc$1 int]rupt$1 or electro-magnetic curr5t1 is ! ?ird =m ( electricity employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,f>aday1 z y w recollect1 discov]$1 t if two metallic wires 7 s fix$ z to be p>allel & close to ea* o!r1 b n to t\*2 & t if !n a curr5t ( ,voltaic electricity 7 s5t along ! fir/ wire1 ano!r curr5t appe>$ 9 ! second4 ,?is second>y or induc$ curr5t1 z x is call$ 9 contradi/9ction to ! curr5t1 ! prim>y or induc+ curr5t s5t along ! fir/ wire is only mom5t>y1 b x appe>s aga9 = a mom5t :5 ! fir/ curr5t ceases1 b 9 a rev]se direction4 ,x is mo/ conv5i5t to w9d ^! two wires r\nd two reels1 s z to =m sep>ate coils1 & to place ! prim>y )9 ! second>y coil4 ,ea* s+le turn ( ! prim>y !n acts n only on ! p>allel turn ( ! second>y wire1 b on all ! turns ne> x1 & ! p[] ( su* an app>atus is mu* great] ?an t :i* w\ld be obta9$ by ! same l5g?s ( wire runn+ side by side 9 a /raight l9e4 ,our two coils be+ ?us arrang$1 we pass ?r\gh our prim>y wire a succession ( electrical curr5ts1 & 9 practice ?is is accompli%$ by connect+ its extremities ) a batt]y supply+ a cont9u\s curr5t1 :i* by an +5i\s me*anism we frequ5tly break or int]rupt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,f>adaic ,batt]y4 ,a4 ,cells %[n by ! removal ( ! comp>tm5t4 ,b4 ,= conductors & accessories4 ,d4 ,screw regulat+ ! pressure ( a spr+ :i* modifies ! vibration ( ! hamm]1 ,e4 ,e4 ,hamm] vibrat+ betwe5 ! electro-magnet1 ,f1 & ! po9t ( a plat9iz$ ne$le regulat$ by ! screw1 ,g4 ,f4 ,bundle ( iron wires r5d]$ an electro-magnet by ! passage ( ! ,voltaic curr5t f ! cells1 ,a1 ?r\gh ! prim>y coil1 ,k1 )9 :i* ?is bundle ( wires is ins]t$4 ,g4 ,screw regulat+ position ( a plat9iz$ ne$le4 ,h4 ,! graduator1 a /em to :i* is atta*$ ! movable second>y coil1 ,l4 ,! front "p ( ! case has be5 cut away 9 ! engrav+1 to %[ ! con/ruction ( ! induction app>atus4 ,i1 ,i4 ,b9d+ screws = atta*m5t ( ! conduct+ wires1 c4 ,k4 ,! prim>y coil1 fix$ ^u a p$e/al4 ,9 ! figure1 ! second>y coil1 ,l1 is :olly )drawn f ! action ( ! prim>y1 & its /r5g? ( curr5t dep5d+ entirely ^u ! ext5t to :i* x cov]s ! prim>y1 x is evid5t t ! height :i* ! graduator1 ,h1 /&s above ! elem5t bo>d w exactly indicate ?is /r5g?4 ,l4 ,movable second>y coil4 ,m1 ,m4 ,b9d+ screws = atta*m5t ( ! p$al rheotome1 ,n1 = sl[ int]ruption4 ,^! int]ruptions are made by ! pressure ( ! op]ator's foot ^u ! spr+1 ,p1 b 9 practice !y are v seldom want$1 & ! fitt+s are only add$ to ! in/rum5t :5 specially ord]$4 ,o4 ,a spr+ reta9+ ! second>y coil1 ,l1 9 any desir$ position4 ,,sn3 ,! ,f>adaic ,batt]y4 ,! ,f>adaic ,batt]y4--,9 ,fig4 #aj 7see p4 #bi71 a ,f>adaic batt]y1 work$ by two ,leclan* cells1 is %[n2 b ,i f9d x bett] to employ ei!r "o or two ord9>y bi*romate cells in/ead ( ! ,leclan*1 z ! =m] c be kept 9 ord] by ! op]ator himself )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,! prim>y coil is fix$ ^u a p$e/al1 ! second>y is movable1 & c be lift$ ov] or ?ru/ away f ! prim>y4 ,! degree ( action 9 ! second>y coil be+ proportionate to ! ext5t to :i* x is br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ! prim>y1 ?is arrangem5t admits ( ! mo/ p]fect graduation ( ! curr5t2 & x has be5 = "s "t 9 use 9 all well-con/ruct$ in/rum5ts4 ,! innovation ,i h made consi/s 9 limit+ ! prim>y coil to its legitimate purpose ( induction1 & r5d]+ ! second>y alone available = application to a pati5t4 ,i h be5 long satisfi$ t !rapeutically ! di/9ction betwe5 ! prim>y & second>y coil entirely consi/s 9 ! great] t5sion ( ! curr5t ( ! second>y coil enabl+ x to p5etrate easily sev]al ?icknesses ( muscle1 b !re is no !rapeutic indication t _c be fulfill$ by ?is second>y coil2 & at its l[e/ p[] ,i h frequ5tly appli$ x to ! conjunctiva4 ,! rapidity ( vibration ( ! int]rupt+ hamm] is v>i$ by increas+ or decreas+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9t ( ! ne$le & ! electro-magnet by ! protrusion or retraction ( ! screw1 ( :i* ! ne$le =ms ! end--t is1 by increas+ or decreas+ ! space ?r\gh :i* ! hamm] passes 9 its vibration1 & also by alt]+ ! pressure ( its spr+1 b !re is seldom !rapeutic ne$ = *ange ( vibration2 & unless ?is exi/s x is bett] n to alt] ! adju/m5t s long z ! in/rum5t acts well4#i ,aft] consid]able use ! po9t ( ! ne$le1 & ! exact spot ( ! plat9um disk ( ! hamm] aga9/ :i* ?is ne$le imp+es1 become oxidiz$1 caus+ weak5+ or /oppage ( ! curr5t4 ,?is plat9um disk has be5 con/ruct$ to rotate1 & a hole has be5 drill$ 9 its circumf]5ce 7,fig4 #aa74 ,by ins]t+ a little lev] furni%$ ) ! in/rum5t into ?is hole1 ! slighte/ twi/ giv5 to ! disk is suffici5t to br+ a new surface ( plat9um into contact ) ! ne$le po9t4 ,?is w usually be all t is requir$1 b1 if n1 ! ne$le c be unscrew$1 & its po9t clean$ ) em]y pap]4 ,:5 9 c\rse ( "t ! disk becomes dott$ ov] ) spots ( oxidation1 ! screw fix+ ! hamm] 9 position mu/ be unscrew$1 ! hamm] lift$ out1 & its surface simil>ly clean$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,! ,plat9um ,disk & ,lev]4 ,induction curr5ts are also produc$ 9 coils ( wire by ! action ^u !m "u c]ta9 conditions ( a p]man5t magnet--z 9 ! ord9>y rot>y magneto-electric ma*9e--b ^! ma*9es may be disc>d$ f our consid]ation1 = !y are unc]ta9 9 action1 pa9ful 9 application1 & d n admit ( exact graduation4 ,an app>atus 9 :i* bo? curr5ts are comb9$ is extremely conv5i5t if x is s con/ruct$ t ei!r ! ,voltaic or ,f>adaic curr5t c be br\ght to ! same t]m9als1 ?us avoid+ ! tr\ble ( *ang+ ! conductors--a po9t ( ! greate/ possible conv5i5ce :5 exam9+ pati5ts = diagno/ic purposes by bo? =ms ( electricity1 ei!r 9 succession or alt]nately4 ,,sn3 ,! ,hospital ,comb9$ ,batt]y4 ,9 ! ,hospital ,comb9$ ,batt]y 7see ,fig4 #ab71 con/ruct$ f my designs1 ! two curr5ts are ?us unit$1 & its details are precisely simil> to ^? ( ! sep>ate batt]ies1 ) ! exception ( ! ,dial be+ furni%$ ) an additional /ud lett]$ ,coil4 ,:5 ! ne$le po9ts to ?is /ud ! curr5t f ! ,f>adaic coil is br\ght into action2 :5 x po9ts to ! numb]$ /uds1 ! cells numb]$ !reon z 9 my ,voltaic in/rum5t1 & :5 x po9ts to 8#j10 bo? curr5ts are %ut (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,hospital ,comb9$ ,batt]y4 ,a4 ,gu>d block4 ,k4 ,tray = hold+ accessories4 ,e4 ,dial plate4 ,c4 ,bolt secur+ elem5t bo>d4 ,g4 ,key = int]rupt+ curr5t4 ,m4 ,hamm]4 ,f4 ,commutator ( ! poles4 ,i1 ,i4 ,b9d+ screws = conduct+ wires4 ,l1 ,l4 ,h+es ( elem5t bo>d4 ,h4 ,graduator ( coil4 ,n4 ,electro-magnet4 ,r4 ,screw regulat+ position ( ne$le4 ,d4 ,screw regulat+ spr+ ( hamm]4 ,o!r in/rum5ts1 su* z ^? ( ,/hr] & ,weiss1 are excell5t1 & 7 unsurpass$ until ! inv5tion & improvem5t ( ! ,leclan* & o!r cells4 ,b ,i might talk ^u in/rum5ts = h\rs )\t exhau/+ ! li/2 & ,i h felt oblig$ to limit myself to a description ( ^? ,i believe be/ fitt$ to our requirem5ts2 b x1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be und]/ood t my fur!r obs]vations w apply equally to curr5ts ( electricity furni%$ by any prop]ly con/ruct$ & reliable app>atus4 ,,sn3 ,accessories ( ! ,batt]y4 ,we h n[ br\ght ! electricity to ! t]m9als ( our batt]y1 & we mu/ next consid] ! be/ means ( convey+ x to ! sponges1 conductors1 or1 z !y are g5]ally t]m$1 rheophores or curr5t c>ri]s1 by :i* x is f9ally appli$ to our pati5t4 ,,sn3 ,conduct+ ,cords4 ,our fir/ necess>y accessory is a conduct+ cord or wire1 & x is ( ! fir/ importance t ?is %\ld really be :at x is call$--8a conductor0--= any fault or break ( connection 9 x w1 ( c\rse1 nullify ! be/ & mo/ p]fect batt]y4 ,x mu/ also be suffici5tly pliable1 & be insulat$ by be+ coat$ ) "s non-conduct+ mat]ial t ! electricity may n escape f x to any conduct+ sub/ance ) :i* x may accid5tally come into contact4 ,! conduct+ cords sold by in/rum5t-mak]s are sometimes n insulat$ at all1 & !n !y are q useless1 b !y are m commonly compos$ ( sev]al /r&s ( metallic wire ( ab\t ! diamet] ( sew+ ?read1 ! :ole enclos$ 9 "s silk5 or wooll5 mat]ial1 & no?+ c be bett] ?an ^! latt] :5 q new4 ,_! disadvantages are t !y become fray$ aft] a little use1 & are liable to be con/antly out ( ord]1 caus+ int]ruptions 9 ! curr5t1 :ile !y w only fit "o k9d ( ma*9e4 ,i h _h endless tr\ble ) !m2 & = "s ye>s ,i h us$ no?+ b ?9 copp] wire1 coat$ ) gutta p]*a 9 ! same way z t kn[n z 8telegraph wire40 ,?is is p]fectly insulat$1 suffici5tly pliable = all practical purposes2 x is *eap1 & c be made to fit any sort ( connection4 ,its "o disadvantage is1 t x is liable to break at ! po9t :]e x is receiv$ into ! t]m9als ( ! batt]y1 or ! screw socket ( ! rheophore4 ,%\ld ?is happ51 all t is necess>y is to scrape (f ! gutta p]*a coat+ ) a pocket knife = an in* f ! brok5 end1 by :i* we get practically a new conduct+ cord4 ,we h n[ consid]$ fully ! bir? & p>5tage ( m$ical electricity1 & we h conduct$ x to )9 almo/ a hair's bread? ( our pati5t4 ,! v>i\s me?ods ( apply+ x w be consid]$ 9 our next ,lecture1 :i* ,i tru/1 ,g5tlem51 to r5d] m int]e/+2 b ! dry details we h be5 discuss+ are1 ,i assure y1 ess5tial z a secure f\ndation = a practically useful survey ( electro-!rapeutics4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see 8,vital ,motion z a ,mode ( ,physical ,motion40 ,by ,c4 ,b4 ,radcliffe1 ,m4,d4 ,macmillan4 #b ,see ,mr4 ,nett5 ,radcliffe ^u ! diff]5tial reaction ( voltaic & induc$ curr5ts ( electricity4 ,note to page #cca1 vol4 i41 ( ,bazire's translation ( ,tr\sseau's 8,cl9ical ,m$ic9e40 ,h>dwicke4 #c ,?is obs]vation1 made 9 #ahgc1 requires "s qualification n[ 7#ahhf74 ,at sev]al ( ! great m$ical s*ools1 ?\gh n at all1 electrical treatm5t has be5 transf]r$ f ! hospital port] to "s memb] ( ! hospital /aff2 & at m ?an "o a sy/ematic c\rse ( lectures ^u electro-!rapeutics has be5 deliv]$4 #d ,i speak feel+ly ^u ?is matt]1 = f an e>ly p]iod ( my electrical exp]i5ce ,i h suff]$ mu* f batt]ies--f in/rum5ts 8/rik+ "w0 at ! mo/ inconv5i5t mom5t--f spill+ ( corrosive acid ^u f+]s & clo?+1 to ! detrim5t ( bo?1 & ( temp] too1 ,i fe>4 #e ,s long ago z #ahgj1 ,i 0 9 ! habit 7at ! sugge/ion ( ,dr4 ,radcliffe7 ( employ+ at an ,in/itution = ,resid5t ,pati5ts1 a me?od ( 8*>g+0 a pati5t :i* ,i believe to be unique4 ,,sn3 ,unique me?od ( *>g+ a pati5t4 ,dur+ dry summ] wea!r ! pati5t recl9$ ^u a c\* 9 ! g>d5s insulat$ by glass supports1 & a sort ( lightn+ conductor 0 improvis$ by atta*+ a #cj-;feet salmon-rod to ! foot ( ! c\*1 a piece ( ord9>y 8telegraph wire0 be+ c>ri$ up ! rod1 its insulation be+ remov$ f ab\t a foot :i* project$ above ! top ( ! rod4 ,^u a fairly w>m & dry day ! pati5t became 8*>g$0 & sp>ks c\ld be drawn f him z f a pati5t 9 ord9>y connection ) a ,frankl9ic ma*9e 9 rotation4 ,^u m ?an "o occasion 9 ^? anci5t ,/atic days1 an attempt 0 made to insulate a pati5t = a :ole night1 & to ma9ta9 ! *>ge by a relay ( 8rotat+ nurses20 b ! human ma*9es fail$1 & suitable gas eng9es 7 n !n available2 h5ce ! proc$ure relat$ above 01 if conduct$ = ?ree or f\r h\rs on a dry summ] aft]noon1 a by no means bad sub/itute = a close room & a rotat+ ,/atic ma*9e4 ,9 ,new ,york1 9 w9t]1 :5 ! rooms are cov]$ ) ?ick c>pets1 & :5 ! atmosph]e is dry1 x has be5 kn[n t on %ak+ h&s ) a visitor1 n only has ! 8%ock10 :i* "u simil> circum/ances occasionally occurs 9 ,engl&1 be5 felt1 b t a sp>k has pass$2 & *ildr5 h be5 kn[n to slide ov] ! c>pet t[>ds ea* o!r & ex*ange sp>ks by way ( sport4 ,! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic & o!r ord9>y electrical conditions has be5 f> too little /udi$ by electro-!rapeuti/s4 #f ,! ,c>r ,ma*9e c be obta9$ f ,mr4 ,groves1 #hi ,bolsov] ,/reet2 ! ,fly ,:eel f ,messrs4 ,hov5d5 & ,co41 ,great ,m>lbor\gh ,/reet2 & ! ,gas ,eng9e f ,messrs4 ,&rew & ,co41 ,eng9e]s1 ,/ockport4 #g ,curr5ts ( electricity f l>ge fix$ batt]ies are mo/ m>k$ 9 _! curative effects2 b pati5ts are n always movable6 #h ,! ,galvanomet] z an aid to ! ,dosage ( ,electricity4--,! dose ( voltaic electricity is made up ( two factors1 7a7 ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t & 7b71 ! "t dur+ :i* x is appli$ to ! pati5t4 ,,sn3 ,! ,galvanomet] z an aid to ! ,dosage ( ,electricity4 ,! /r5g? ( ! curr5t is directly dep5d5t ^u ! numb] ( cells employ$1 b1 un=tunately1 cells ( dissimil> con/ruction evolve curr5ts ( v unequal /r5g?2 :ile cells t h be5 fre%ly *>g$ are m p[]ful ?an simil> ones t h be5 p>tly exhau/$ by use2 &1 !re=e1 to speak ( a curr5t f 8s _m cells10 ?\gh1 practically1 a conv5i5t me?od ( dosage1 fails to convey any exact idea ( a measur$ & unv>y+ quantity4 ,x is a com=t+ !ory to electro-!rapeuti/s t a galvanomet] w enable !m to adm9i/] _! doses ( electricity ) z mu* exactitude z we daily prescribe s _m gra9s1 or s _m m9ims ( ord9>y m$ic9es2 b1 l "s o!r !ories :i* save u mu* tr\ble1 :5 adopt$ z !ories only1 x fails u 9 practice 7at lea/ accord+ to my exp]i5ce71 & *iefly s1 because a galvanomet] c be usefully employ$ only :5 x is includ$ 9 ! circuit ( a cont9u\s curr5t1 z1 e4g41 9 aneurismal electro-puncture2 &1 ,i believe1 ,i am )9 ! m>k 9 say+ t electrizations1 :i* ev5 admit ( its useful employm5t1 are indicat$ 9 b>ely #e p] c5t4 ( ord9>y cases 9 electro-!rapeutics2 & t x is ( no practical utility1 :]e we mo/ want aid1 9 measur+1 n ! curr5t :i* leaves ! batt]y t]m9als1 b t :i*1 aft] ov]com+ ! v v>iable resi/ance ( ! human sk91 really rea*es ! und]ly+ muscul> & n]v\s tissues1 :i*1 9 #ie p] c5t4 ( our cases1 we desire to influ5ce1 n by a con/ant1 b by an int]rupt$ ,voltaic curr5t2 & ! am\nt :i* really rea*es ^! tissues dep5ds l>gely ^u ! condition ( ! pati5t's sk91 &1 ,i may also add1 ^u ! k9d & %ape ( ! conductor1 & its degree ( moi/ure1 c42 & ! op]ator w d well to graduate 8 dose ( electricity by a consid]ation only ( ! ?ree factors1 numb] ( cells1 effect ^u himself1 & effect ^u 8 pati5t1 disc>d+ entirely ! use ( any m]ely me*anical aids to graduation4 ,i am induc$ to speak ?us /rongly because m5 ( sci5tific reputation h advocat$ ! habitual use ( ! galvanomet]1 n alone by m$ical m5 tra9$ to precision ( obs]vation1 b by private pati5ts z 8enabl+ !m to c>ry on ! treatm5t at home ) all ! accuracy desirable60 ,! prospect ( ! ord9>y pati5t provid$ ) a batt]y1 ! use ( :i* he is complicat+ by a galvanomet]1 is any?+ b reassur+ to ^? physicians :o n only prescribe electricity1 b are !mselves habituat$ 9 apply+ x--:i*1 by ! way1 is a v diff]5t ?+--& :o h _h frequ5t exp]i5ce ( ! mann] 9 :i* pati5ts misund]/&1 or fail 9 correctly c>ry+ out1 ! mo/ explicit directions4 ,electricity w be left 9 ! h&s ( speciali/s1 & necess>ily d b a ti! ( ! good x is capable ( affect+1 until ! mass ( ! pr(ession c be induc$ to ma/] ! few prelim9>y details ess5tial to its successful application1 & ,i fe> t ! sugge/ions t h be5 made--sugge/ions :i* ,i believe to be entirely )\t f\ndation--t !re exi/ practical difficulties to its dosage1 w t5d to po/pone r ?an to accel]ate its m ext5d$ use4 ,%\ld any ( y desire to use a galvanomet]1 t pat5t$ by ,sprague1 ( ,birm+ham1 is ! "o mo/ adapt$ = use 9 m$ic9e4 ,electricity is a =ce1 & z ) o!r =ces x has its /&>d ( measurem5t4 ,9 me*anics we "k t ! p[] suffici5t to raise "o p\nd to ! height ( "o foot is ! basis ( measurem5t4 ,simil>ly 9 electricity ! unit ( measurem5t is ! =ce :i* w raise "o gramme to ! height ( "o metre1 & ! /&>d multiple ( ?is 0 call$ a 8,briti% ,association ,unit10 or %ortly1 a 8,b4,a40 unit1 & x is n[ call$ an 8,ohm0 :5 us$ to measure ! resi/ance (f]$ to ! curr5t1 & a 8,veb]0 :5 us$ to measure ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t itself4 ,! ord9>y galvanomet] is f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple t a magnetic compass ne$le has a t5d5cy to place itself at "r angles to a curr5t ( electricity1 & ! degree to :i* ! ne$le is deflect$ is a measure ( ! quantity ( electricity1 b ! angle ( deflection is n proportionate to ! curr5t /r5g?1 & x diff]s 9 diff]5t galvanomet]s2 b 9 8,sprague's ,galvanomet]0 ! dial is divid$1 n into degrees1 b into divisions ( ?\s&?s ( ,veb]s--divisions :i* 7 obta9$ by not+ ! deflections giv5 by ! ne$le ) curr5ts ( kn[n /r5g?4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,sprague = 8 c\rtesy 9 endeav\r+ to s modify 8 galvanomet] z to r5d] x available z a graduator ( doses ( int]rupt$ ,voltaic electricity1 b al?\gh he has n succe$$ 9 do+ ?is1 he has con/ruct$ = me an in/rum5t :i*1 suppos+ t a batt]y be p>tially exhau/$1 w indicate ) precision ! absolute /r5g? (1 say1 twelve ( its cells z comp>$ ) twelve newly-*>g$ cells1 & also ! condition ( ea* individual cell1 po9ts (t5 ( mu* practical conv5i5ce 9 an ,hospital ,electrical ,room4 #i ,a little c>e is ne$$ to regulate ! vibrat+ ne$le4 ,! spr+ %\ld b b>ely t\* ! hamm]1 ! adju/m5t be+ almo/ entirely regulat$ by ! protrusion or retraction ( ! ne$le by ! action ( its screw2 & ! slighte/ twi/ ( ?is screw w be suffici5t4 ,:5 ! vibration is unev5 or /ops1 & c>eful manipulation ( ! ne$le fails to re-e/abli% x1 remove ! ne$le & clean its po9t z direct$ 9 ! text4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,apply+ ,,electricity4 ,,g5tlem51 ,,sn3 ,rsum ( ,fir/ ,lecture4 ,9 our fir/ ,lecture we /udi$ ! diff]5t k9ds ( electricity employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 & ! con/ruction & managem5t ( batt]ies4 ,i rem9d$ y t we made use ( ?ree k9ds ( electricity2 fir/ly1 ( friction or /atic electricity1 ,frankl9ism2 secondly1 ( ! electricity ( *emical action1 ,voltaism1 or ,galvanism2 &1 ?irdly1 ( induc$ electricity1 ,f>adism3--t !re _h be5 c]ta9 difficulties 9 ! employm5t ( ,frankl9ism1 b t ^! difficulties no long] exi/$2 t ,voltaic electricity 0 electricity 9 motion1 or curr5t electricity1 b t :ile its curr5t 7unless artificially int]rupt$7 0 always cont9u\s--fl[+1 t is1 9 an unbrok5 /ream--& f ! positive to ! negative pole1 until ! batt]y 0 exhau/$--x by no means foll[$ t x 0 con/ant1 t is1 t x did n v>y appreciably 9 p[] dur+ application2 t only batt]ies supply+ a fairly con/ant curr5t 7 fitt$ = m$ical use1 & t all o!rs %\ld be reject$4 ,we !n consid]$ diff]5t batt]ies1 bo? fix$ & portable2 t :ile l>ge fix$ l[ t5sion batt]ies 7 unque/ionably sup]ior 9 _! !rapeutic effects1 pati5ts un=tunately 7 n always movable1 & t a portable batt]y became1 !re=e1 a s9e qu non2 t portable batt]ies might be conv5i5tly divid$ into two classes1 "o 9 :i* electricity 0 g5]at$ by ! elem5ts be+ imm]s$ 9 an excit+ fluid only dur+ actual use1 & be+ tak5 out ( ! fluid imm$iately aft] use2 & ! second t 9 :i* no removal ( ! elem5ts 0 necess>y2 t ! ,voltaic curr5t 0 graduat$ into doses by "s arrangem5t det]m9+ ! numb] ( cells to be employ$ 9 ea* case1 b t ?is me?od1 :ile practically useful & suffici5t1 fail$ to convey an exact idea ( a measur$ & unv>y+ quantity ( electricity2 & t x _h be5 cont5d$ t by ! use ( a galvanomet]1 doses ( electricity might be z accurately adm9i/]$ z s _m gra9s or m9ims ( ord9>y m$ic9es1 b t1 p]fect z ! !ory might be1 ,i _h p]sonally fail$ to obta9 help 9 practice f a galvanomet]2 t next 9 importance to a me?od ( dosage1 0 x to be able to in/antly *ange ! direction ( ! curr5t1 or to at once turn x 8(f0 or 8on10 9 addition1 ( c\rse1 to ! fundam5tal requisite ( a cont9u\s supply ( electricity ( suffici5t quality & quantity4 ,we next consid]$ ! induc$ or ,f>adaic curr5t1 s-call$1 :i* ,i rem9d$ y is n a curr5t at all1 b a rapid dis*>ge or succession ( ^? mom5t>y %ocks1 ea* p]fectly di/9ct 9 itself1 & sep>at$ by an appreciable int]val ( "t f its fell[s1 :i* ,f>aday discov]$ to be g5]at$ or induc$ by a ,voltaic curr5t fl[+ along a wire 9 o!r wires p>allel to1 b sep>at$ f1 ! fir/ wire2 t by w9d+ ! two wires ^u two movable reels & introduc+ "o )9 ! o!r1 n only might ^! second>y curr5ts be multipli$ indef9itely 9 proportion to ! numb] ( spirals ( wire1 b by introduc+ or )draw+ ! "o f )9 ! o!r an exact me?od ( graduation 0 af=d$ u4 ,i po9t$ out to y t !re 0 no !rapeutic di/9ction betwe5 ! s-call$ prim>y & second>y curr5ts1 & ,i recomm5d$ y !re=e to use only ! curr5ts ( ! second>y coil4 ,i !n %[$ y ! con/ruction ( ,f>adaic in/rum5ts1 & ( in/rum5ts comb9+ bo? ,voltaic & ,f>adaic curr5ts1 & our survey 0 complet$ by a consid]ation ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( conduct+ wires or cords1 & my recomm5dation ( ?9 gutta-p]*a cov]$ copp] wire z g5]ally sup]ior to any o!r =m4 ,we h to-day to /udy me?ods ( apply+ electricity1 & to le>n h[ to use ! in/rum5ts1 ) ! con/ruction & prop]ties1 ( :i* ,i tru/ y are n[ famili>2 &1 ,g5tlem51 x is well wor? y\r :ile to h obta9$ ?is k1 = its possession w n only enable y to readily rectify any faults 9 ! work+ ( y\r batt]ies1 b ! necessity ( s5d+ !m to ! in/rum5t-mak] may be (t5 avoid$4 ,we h already /udi$ me?ods ( apply+ ,frankl9ism4#aj ,voltaization & ,f>adization may bo? be appli$ ei!r g5]ally--z 9 ! diff]5t =ms ( electrical ba?s--or locally4 ,,sn3 ,! ,application ( ,electricity4 ,a conv5i5t me?od ( apply+ electricity1 :5 v /rict localization is n requir$1 is to ins]t ! feet & h&s ( ! pati5t1 or "o foot & "o h&1 z ! case may be1 9 sep>ate vessels conta9+ tepid salt & wat] ) :i* ! conduct+ wires ( ! batt]y are 9 contact1 ! curr5t be+ all[$ to circulate dur+ ! "t requir$4 ,ord9>y foot-pails1 bas9s1 or jugs1 w fulfil e requirem5t2 :ile ?ick telegraph wire answ]s well to connect ! batt]y ) ! vessels ( wat]1 z x is little liable to break & we>s well4 ,a v>iety ( ! con/ant curr5t 7orig9at$ by ,dr4 ,radcliffe7 is v readily appli$ 9 ! way j describ$1 ) ! addition only ( "s means ( insulat+ ! pati5t & ! accessories1 & ( a l5g? ( ord9>y un9sulat$ copp] wire4 ,,sn3 ,radcliffe's ,positive ,*>ge4 ,dr4 ,radcliffe believes t an adm9i/ration ( positive ,voltaic electricity1 some:at analog\s to ! *>ge ( ,frankl9ic electricity1 is frequ5tly b5eficial4 ,he insulates ! pati5t & ! accessories1 & hav+ connect$ ! negative pole ) ! e>? by a wire :i* he calls a 8gr\nd-wire10 he all[s ! curr5t to pass4 ,) c>eful insulation ! negative electricity passes away by ! wire1 & :ile ! curr5t circulates ! pati5t cont9ues 8*>g$0 ) positive electricity4 ,!re mu/ be two wires f ! negative pole1 "o to be appli$1 z well z ! positive1 to ! pati5t1 & ! o!r tak5 8to e>?40 ,?is latt] may be conv5i5tly atta*$ to a *&eli] or gas-pipe1 :i* always gives a direct metallic conduction to ! gr\nd4 ,a p]=at$ vulcaniz$ indi>ubb] mat1 or a %eet ( gutta p]*a1 or a glass-legg$ /ool c be employ$ to insulate ! pati5t & ! accessories4 ,,sn3 ,! ,electric ,ba?4 ,!re is ano!r g5]aliz$ application :i* has be5 mu* advocat$1 & rem>kable /atem5ts h be5 put =?1 n only ( its curative p[] 9 almo/ e disease1 b also ( its purely physical & *emical effects--,i ref] to t by 8,electric ,ba?s10 sev]al e/abli%m5ts ( :i* exi/ 9 ,london1 b y ne$ n s5d y\r pati5ts to !m4 ,y c tea* !m h[ to take an electric ba? 9 _! own b$ or ba?-room4 ,a ba? suffici5tly l>ge = ! pati5t to recl9e 9 x %\ld be insulat$ by glass supports 7f\r /\t tumbl]s w d v well71 & fill$ ) wat] at a temp]ature ( #ie to #ajj degrees4 ,a metallic plate 9 connection ) "o pole may be ins]t$ at ! head1 & a second plate 9 connection ) ! o!r pole at ! foot ( ! ba?4 ,! pati5t %\ld be protect$ f direct contact ) ei!r plate by sitt+ ^u a wood5 framework4 ,) a suffici5tly p[]ful curr5t1 a portion ( ! electricity w pass ?r\gh ! body ( ! pati5t recl9+ ?us betwe5 ! poles4 ,ano!r me?od is to connect ! wat] ) "o pole1 & = ! pati5t to grasp 9 8 unimm]s$ h&s a copp] b> cov]$ ) wet flannel1 & 9 connection ) ! second pole ( ! batt]y2 or a conductor f ?is second pole may be held almo/1 b n q1 9 contact ) any "p ( ! body imm]s$ 9 ! wat]4 ,ei!r ! ,voltaic or ,f>adaic curr5t may be us$4 ,ord9>y wat] ) ! ,f>adaic curr5t1 b salt & wat]1 or acidulat$ wat]1 ) ! ,voltaic4 ,,sn3 ,g5]al ,f>adization4 ,ano!r m g5]aliz$ application is t introduc$ by ,be>d & ,rockwell1 "u ! "n ( 8,g5]al ,f>adization40 ,! pati5t sits ) 8 nak$ feet ^u a %eet ( copp] connect$ ) "o pole1 :ile ! o!r pole is connect$ by a moi/5$ sponge ) ! left h& ( ! op]ator1 :o passes 8 dis5gag$ h&1 slightly moi/5$1 ov] ! muscles ( ! pati5t1 & sometimes ov] 8 :ole body4 ,! curr5t1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 passes ?r\gh ! body ( ! op]ator be=e x rea*es ! pati5t1 & ! s5sation he feels is 8 *ief guide to its graduation4 ,,sn3 ,c5traliz$ ,galvanization4 ,ano!r g5]al application is ! 8,c5traliz$ ,galvanization0 ( ! same au?ors1 9 :i* _! object is to br+ ! :ole c5tral n]v\s sy/em "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,voltaic curr5t4 ,!y place "o pole--usually ! negative--at ! epiga/rium & pass a l>ge moi/5$ sponge f ! positive pole ov] ! =ehead & top ( ! head1 along ! inn] bord] ( ! /]no-ma/oid1 f ! /ylo-ma/oid fossa to ! /]num1 & d[n ! entire l5g? ( ! sp9e1 f ! nape ( ! neck to ! sacrum4 ,! bra91 sympa!tic & sp9al cord1 & ! pneumoga/ric n]ves are ?us submitt$ to ! influ5ce ( ! curr5t4 ,,sn3 ,localiz$ ,electrization4 ,b ! great majority ( cases require--n a g5]aliz$1 b a /rictly localiz$ application1 & = ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( all me?ods ( localiz$ electrization we are indebt$ to ! late ,dr4 ,du*5ne 7! 8fa!r ( electro-!rapeutics071 = be=e him no "o _h attempt$ any local application ( electricity t c\ld prop]ly be s call$4 ,inde$1 to ,du*5ne may be fairly ascrib$ ! v bir? ( m$ical electricity z a bran* ( !rapeutics1 & 9 ! true & k9dly words ( ! ,lancet1 :5 ann\nc+ 8 dea?3--8,no field ( "w 0 ev] seiz$ ^u ) m eag]ness2 ev] cultivat$ ) m e>ne/ness2 or p]haps ev] made to yield a bett] h>ve/ ?an t :i* ! discov]y ( induc$ electricity plac$ at ! disposal ( ! man ^: g5ius 0 ! fir/ to recognize1 & 8 tal5ts to secure1 ! opportunity x af=d$4 ,tak+ 8 "w at its l[e/ e/imate1 he 0 a man to :om m$ical sci5ce owes a l>ge debt ( gratitude1 & ^: memory des]ves a w>m tribute ( reg>d40 ,du*5ne's two te/ exp]im5ts1 demon/rat+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( 8 me?od1 ,i w n[ repeat ^u ! po/]ior surface ( my left =e>m4 ,i propose to arre/ ,f>adism 9 ! sk91 )\t all[+ x to /imulate ! subjac5t muscles4 ,to d ?is x is necess>y = ! sk9 to be q dry--moi/ure1 z y "k1 be+ a conductor ( electricity--& to make sure ( suffici5t dryness1 ,i spr9kle ! sk9 ) a little />* p[d]4 ,i n[ apply to ! dry sk9 ! dry metallic conductors ( an induction in/rum5t 9 action4 ,i am afraid y _c see1 ,g5tlem51 ! small sp>ks produc$ z ! two electricities comb9e ^u ! cutane\s surface1 or he> ! slight crackl+ s\nd produc$1 b y obs]ve no muscul> contraction1 & :at ,i feel is a sup]ficial & evid5tly cutane\s s5sation4 ,i n[ replace ! dry conductors by well-moi/5$ sponges4 ,y obs]ve t ,i h n alt]$ ! p[] ( ! curr5t1 b t !re is en]getic contraction ( ! ext5sor muscles4 ,?is is q involunt>y1 & is due to ! electric irritation ( ! bran*es ( ! motor n]ves4 ,x foll[s f ^! exp]im5ts t we may1 at pleasure1 arre/ electricity 9 ! sk91 & t )\t puncture or incision we may make ! curr5t trav]se ! sk91 & conc5trate its action ^u subcutane\s organs4 ,x 0 at "o "t object$ t ! muscul> contraction 0 ! result--n ( irritation limit$ to ! muscle or its motor n]ves--b ( reflex action2 b ,du*5ne demoli%$ ?is objection by a vivisection4 ,hav+ remov$ ! sk9 f ! face ( a liv+ rabbit--to :om *lor(orm _h be5 adm9i/]$--he divid$ ! facial n]ve ( "o side only1 9 ord] t ! muscles suppli$ by x might be cut (f f all connection ) ! cord4 ,he !n appli$ electric excitation to ea* muscle ( ! face1 alt]nately1 on ! two sides4 ,! muscles contract$ sep>ately & equally on bo? sides4 ,he !n de/roy$ ! bra9 ( ! same animal1 9 ord] to place ! cord 9 a condition fav\rable to ! production ( reflex action1 & aga9 excit$ ! muscles z be=e4 ,! results 7 absolutely ! same4#aa ,muscul> electrization may be produc$ ei!r--z ,i h j %[n y--by plac+ ! conductors ^u ! muscle itself1 a proc$ure t]m$ direct or intra-muscul> electrization1 or by excit+ only ! motor n]ve trunk1 :i* is t]m$ indirect1 or extra-muscul> electrization1 & :i* we %all consid] pres5tly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,cyl9drical ,sponge-hold]4 ,,sn3 ,diff]5t k9ds ( ,rheophores4 ,= direct excitation ( ! l>g] muscles x is conv5i5t to use well-moi/5$ sponges1 conta9$ 9 cyl9d]s ( diff]5t sizes1 or metallic disks1 cov]$ ) wet lea!r & hav+ conv5i5tly %ap$ h&les4 ,a useful size ( cyl9d] is "o su* z ?is 7see ,fig4 #ac71 hav+ a dep? ( ab\t #a-a_/b by #a-a_/h in*es1 :i* all[s ! sponge to fairly fill x1 :ile 9 su* =ms z ?is--#f in*es by #a--:5 ! sponge is ins]t$ ! l[] ?ree-f\r?s ( ! cyl9d] is empty1 & ! conduction ( ! curr5t liable to become imp]fect4 ,su* a cyl9d] z ?is1 )\t any insulat+ h&le at all1 is worse ?an useless1 & is a /ill p]si/+ relic ( ! b>b>\s "t :5 ! pati5t 0 inv>iably electriz$ by caus+ him to hold ! conductors "o 9 ea* h&1 a proce$+ extremely dang]\s 9 c]ta9 pa?ological conditions1 & 9 o!r cases n likely to be ( b5efit to him4 ,! insulat+ h&les %\ld be well holl[$ out1 t !y may be us$1 ly+ com=tably betwe5 ! f+]s1 :5 hold+ two 9 ! same h&4 ,! disk rheophore 7see ,fig4 #ad71 a metallic button cov]$ ) wa%-lea!r1 is extremely useful2 x has ! advantage ov] ! sponge ( all[+ firm pressure to be made )\t ! inconv5i5ce ( wat] be+ squeez$ out1 :ile by us+ its edge x may be made to answ] 9 ! majority ( cases = a po9t$ conductor1 :i* is fitt$ *iefly = application to v small muscles1 su* z ! int]ossei & "s ( ^? ( ! face4 ,! wire is atta*$ to ! conductor by be+ screw$ into ! socket 7see a1 ,fig4 #ad74 ,a conduct+ cord is v apt to get fray$ at ! po9t ( juncture1 & t ! wire :i* ,i recomm5d is n op5 to ?is objection is n ! lea/ ( its advantages4 ,,sn3 ,direct ,electrization4 ,9 direct electrization ! rheophores %\ld be firmly press$ d[n ^u all po9ts ( ! surface ( ! muscle1 t all ( its fasciculi may be equally electriz$4 ,) ! ,f>adaic curr5t x is conv5i5t to apply ! rheophores1 held 9 ! same h& 7see ,fig4 #ae71 = f tw5ty to ?irty seconds1 to e "p ( ! surface ( ! muscle1 or gr\p ( muscles1 prom5ad+ !m z ne>ly z may be 9 l9es f ! orig9 to ! ins]tion ( ! muscles4 ,if ! rheophores are n held 9 ! same h& c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep !m ne> to "o ano!r1 = ! t5sion or p5etrat+ p[] ( ,f>adism is s great1 t )\t ?is precaution !re w be liability to excite reflex action4 ,) ! int]rupt$ ,voltaic curr5t ?is liability does n exi/1 & a bett] plan :5 us+ x is to hold ! sponge f ! positive pole /ation>y1 ne> to ! orig9 ( ! muscles1 & to /roke or pa9t z x 7 ! entire muscul> surface ) ! sponge f ! negative pole1 glid+ x 9 l9es f ! position ( ! positive4 ,9 us+ ! con/ant ,voltaic curr5t bo? sponges mu/ be held q immovable1 & s appli$ x diff]s altoge!r 9 its effects f ! v same /r5g? ( curr5t int]rupt$ by mov+ ! conductors4 ,i w demon/rate ^! diff]5t applications ^u ! ext5sors ( my left wri/ & f+]s--,f>adism--,voltaism--,con/ant ,curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,metallic ,disk1 cov]$ ) ,wa%-lea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,me?od ( hold+ ,sponge-hold]s ) ,sponges ins]t$4 ,,sn3 ,indirect ,electrization4 ,indirect1 or extra-muscul> electrization1 next claims our att5tion4 ,y w recollect t x is produc$ by act+ ^u ! special n]ve trunk & its bran*es1 in/ead ( by plac+ ! rheophores ^u ! muscle itself4 ,we may ?us call a motor n]ve into action )\t affect+ ! cutane\s n]ves1 & ) a m9imum ( p[] ( curr5t1 & necess>ily a m9imum ( s5sation :i* h>dly ev] ne$ am\nt to actual pa94 ,?is me?od is pref]able1 !re=e1 9 cases :]e we desire to produce muscul> contraction & z little s5sation z may be1 & aga9 :5 ! s$ative influ5ce ( ! con/ant ,voltaic curr5t is requir$ to be localiz$ 9 any special n]ve4 ,9 its application x is conv5i5t to place a good-siz$ sponge connect$ ) "o pole ^u an indiff]5t "p ( ! body1 su* z ! /]num1 & to apply a po9t$ conductor f ! second pole directly ov] ! c\rse ( ! n]ve x is desir$ to act ^u4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ^! motor po9ts z !y are call$ may be select$ by ref]5ce to a good anatomical plate1 b only approximately1 = we "k t x is common to f9d v>iations 9 ! c\rse ( ! n]ves & 9 ! mode ( _! di/ribution among ! muscles1 & ?is be+ s1 x is well :5 we propose to act ^u a motor or mix$ n]ve 7:i* is n p>alyz$71 to make sure t we are localiz+ ! curr5t 9 x by produc+ = a mom5t ! contraction ( its muscles & !n m>k+ ! spot by t\*+ x ) a p5cil ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is only necess>y :]e 9 our subsequ5t electrization we d n wi% muscul> contraction1 z 9 ! treatm5t ( neuralgia4#ab ,i w demon/rate indirect electrization by ,f>adiz+ ! m$ian n]ve 9 my left =e>m above ! wri/1 & be=e x passes b5ea? ! annul> ligam5t ( ! c>pus4 ,x lies a little bel[ ! surface1 betwe5 ! t5dons ( ! flexor c>pi radialis & palm>is longus4 ,y obs]ve t its muscles p[]fully contract & oppose ! ?umb to ! o!r f+]s1 at ! same "t abduct+ x4 ,!re occurs also a slight flexure ( ! fir/ phalanges ( ! index & middle f+]s4 ,pr(essor ,ziemss5 9 8 "w on ,m$ical ,electricity has publi%$ "s extremely accurate plates ( ! motor po9ts ( ! body1 & ,i h gr\p$ toge!r ! m important ( !m 9 a *>t or map = conv5i5t ref]5ce4#ac ,ziemss5's me?od ( proc$ure 0 to f9d out exp]im5tally ! po9ts :]e ! application ( electricity mo/ readily produc$ muscul> contraction4 ,he !n m>k$ ^! po9ts ) col\r$ *alk1 & aft] a suffici5t numb] ( trials ) nitrate ( silv]4 ,photographs ( ! p>ts ?us m>k$ 7 tak5 & aft]w>ds transf]r$ to ! wood blocks4 ,^! figures may !re=e claim to be true to ,nature1 al?\gh !y may n be absolutely correct = e individual4 ,ziemss5 v]ifi$ _! approximate exactitude by foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! n]ves v accurately 9 ! dissect+-room & obs]v+ _! po9ts ( entrance into1 & _! c\rse )91 _! muscles1 ) con/ant ref]5ce to ! surface ( ! body2 b he 0 n completely satisfi$ until he _h det]m9$ ! motor po9ts ^u ! sk9 imm$iately aft] dea?1 & be=e ! reaction to electricity _h disappe>$1 & submitt$ ^! po9ts to ! scalpel4 ,! results ( ! ?ree me?ods co9cid$ p]fectly4 ,,sn3 ,cutane\s ,electrization4 ,we w next consid] cutane\s electrization4 ,i h already %[n y t :5 ! sk9 & ! conductors are bo? q dry1 a ,f>adaic curr5t ( mod]ate p[] 7& practically ?is =m ( electricity is always employ$ 9 cutane\s electrization7 does n p5etrate ! sk91 b is localiz$ ^u its surface4 ,!re are ?ree me?ods ( apply+ cutane\s ,f>adization--! me?od t we employ$--t ( 8,metallic ,conductors20 ! 8,electric ,h&10 z x is call$1 9 :i* ! op]ator hav+ appli$ "o conductor to "s little s5sitive "p ( ! pati5t's body1 holds ! second 9 8 left1 & passes ! back ( 8 "r h& ov] ! po9ts he wi%es to excite1 ^! po9ts ( ! pati5t's sk9 & ! back ( 8 h& be+ dry1 & spr9kl$ ) absorb5t p[d]2 & ! 8,wire ,bru%10 a bru% ( metallic wire1 :i* replaces "o ( ! conductors1 & :i* is mov$ ov] ! sk94 ,) a /rong ,f>adaic curr5t ?is wire bru% becomes ! mo/ p[]ful ( all ! excitants ( ! sk9 :i* d n disorganize its /ructure2 9 fact x 0 propos$ by "s sci5tific p>liam5t>y philan?ropi/ z a sub/itute = flogg+ 9 ! navy1 & ,i h no d\bt t m int5se pa9 may be produc$ by x ?an by any application ( ! cat1 h[ev] well laid on6 ,,sn3 ,electrization ( ,int]nal ,organs4 ,! me?ods ( electriz+ int]nal organs ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,! rectum & muscles ( ! anus may be electriz$ by introduc+ into ! rectum ! rectal rheophore1 a metallic /em insulat$ by gum ela/ic1 & mov+ x ov] ! int]nal surface1 br++ x also into contact ) ! levator & sph9ct] ani4 ,a well-moi/5$ sponge connect$ ) ! o!r pole may be appli$ to ! abdom9al muscles or to ! neighb\rhood ( ! anus4 ,! rectum mu/ be fir/ fre$ f fcal matt]4 ,! bladd] is mo/ readily electriz$ by ! introduction into ! rectum ( ! rectal rheophore1 & into ! bladd]--previ\sly empti$--( a curv$ metallic s\nd insulat$ by an ela/ic ca!t] to )9 an in* ( its vesical extremity4 ,?is s\nd mu/ be br\ght into contact successively ) all po9ts ( ! neck ( ! bladd]4 ,! ut]us by ! introduction ( ! rectal rheophore1 connect$ ) "o pole1 to ! os ut]i1 & by ! application ( two sponges f ! o!r pole1 "o to ! abdom9al p>ietes1 ! o!r to ! lumb> region4 ,! l>ynx1 ext]nally by "o sponge to ! nape ( ! neck1 & ! second to ! ext]ior ( ! l>ynx2 or1 int]nally1 a sponge to ! neck z be=e1 & ! introduction by ! aid ( ! l>yngoscope ( a small bit ( sponge at ! end ( a curv$ metallic /em1 insulat$ by a gum-ela/ic ca!t]1 ! curr5t n be+ all[$ to pass until x is se5 by ! l>yngeal mirror t ! sponge is 9 ! desir$ position4 ,! male g5ital organs by moi/ rheophores to ! scrotum ov] ! te/icle2 b if x be desir$ to excite ! vesicul sem9ales1 ! b[el is fir/ empti$1 ! rectal rheophore is !n introduc$ & s direct$ t its olive-%ap$ t]m9ation may be br\ght into relation ) ! vesicul4 ,= ?is purpose x is suffici5t to move ! rheophore f "r to left & vice v]s4 ,a p[]ful curr5t w p5etrate ! inte/9e & rea* ! vesicul1 excit+ !m en]getically4 ,! circuit is complet$ by a second rheophore plac$ on an uns5sitive "p ( ! body4 ,,sn3 ,electrization ( ! ,c5tral ,organs4 ,9 electrization ( ! c5tral organs ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 ! ,voltaic curr5t is alone us$1 & 9 its application to ! bra91 ! sympa!tic n]ves1 or ! organs ( ! s5ses1 especial circumspection mu/ be employ$4 ,z a g5]al rule x %\ld n be _h rec\rse to :5 c5tral excitem5t is contra-indicat$1 & 9 all cases ! m9imum dose %\ld be comm5c$ )1 & ! application discont9u$ ^u ! occurr5ce ( gidd9ess1 nausea1 or c]ebral symptoms4 ,) ^! precautions ! bra9 may be electriz$ by well-moi/5$ sponges appli$ to ea* ma/oid process1 to ea* temple1 or to ! frontal & occipital protub]ances4 ,! sponges mu/ be held immovable4 ,to galvanize ! sup]ior c]vical ganglion ( ! sympa!tic1 "o electrode ( small size mu/ be deeply press$ into ! auriculo-maxill>y fossa1 & ! o!r ) a good-siz$ sponge appli$ ov] ! six? or sev5? c]vical v]tebra1 or to ! manubrium /]ni1 close to ! bord] ( ! /]no-ma/oid4 ,! sp9al cord may be electriz$ by keep+ "o sponge1 usually ! positive1 /ation>y1 & mov+ ! o!r up & d[n by ! sides ( ! v]tebr1 or "o pole may be appli$ to ! sp9e1 & ! o!r held to a n]ve or muscle4 ,! ret9a by a moi/5$ conductor to ! clos$ eye1 & ! second to ! temple or to ! ma/oid process ( ! same side4 ,! auditory n]ve by "o conductor tipp$ ) sponge & ins]t$ to ! bottom ( ! meatus1 ! second be+ held 9 ! h& ( ! opposite side2 or ! meatus may be fill$ ) tepid wat]1 & a metallic wire trav]s+ ! axis ( a vulcanite tube may be imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 ! second conductor be+ a well-moi/5$ sponge to ! nape ( ! neck4 ,direct application to ! ocul> muscles or to ! conjunctiva is usually inadmissible1 b "o pole may be plac$ ov] ! facial n]ve bel[ ! e>1 & ! o!r appli$ to ! clos$ eyelid1 or ! op]ator may use ! =ef+] ( 8 "r h&1 cov]$ by a f+]-/all ( wet l95 z an electrode1 pass+ ! curr5t ?r\gh 8 own body by hold+ a moi/5$ sponge f "o pole 9 8 left h&1 ! conductor f ! second pole be+ simil>ly held 9 "o ( ! h&s ( ! pati5t4 ,?is application is n only conv5i5t1 b x is calculat$ to allay ! fe>s ( a s5sitive pati5t3 or a po9t$ conductor1 cov]$ ) wet lea!r1 may be connect$ ) "o pole1 & its po9t held immovable & firmly press$ d[n ^u ! orbital m>g91 z ne> z possible to ! position ( ! muscle x is desir$ to excite1 :ile ! pati5t t\*es at int]vals ! sponge f ! second pole held by its insulat+ h&le 9 ! op]ator's dis5gag$ h&4 ,,sn3 ,electrolysis ,ne$les4 ,! *emical action ( a cont9u\s ,voltaic curr5t is sometimes useful 9 ! removal or disp]sal ( tum\rs1 & 9 ! consolidation ( aneurisms1 "o or m ne$les be+ introduc$ into ! tum\r1 & connect$ ) a ,voltaic batt]y4 ,i %all discuss ?is subject 9 our next ,lecture1 b ,i h "h "s ( ! mo/ g5]ally useful ne$les 7,fig4 #af71 & ,i h _h made = !m hold]s ) eyelet-holes = ! atta*m5t ( conduct+ wires :i* r5d] ! op]ator indep5d5t ( special conduct+ cords1 = ) a coil ( insulat$ wire & a pocket knife he c fit up 8 ne$les 9 a few m9utes 9 any way be/ adapt$ to 8 propos$ op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,electrolysis ,ne$les & ,ne$le-hold]s4 ,by press+ ! spr+ side ,b1 ! hold] op5s z %[n 9 ,c1 to grasp ! ne$le ,d4 ,! wire is twi/$ into ! eyelet hole-,a4 ,,sn3 ,precautions 9 mode ( ,application4 ,hav+ n[ consid]$ ! m g5]ally useful me?ods ( application1 x may p]haps n be out ( place to rem9d y 9 conclud+ ?is "p ( our subject t c]ta9 precautions are necess>y to be obs]v$4 ,we mu/ keep con/antly be=e our att5tion t we are prescrib+ or adm9i/]+ an exce$+ly p[]ful rem$y1 & ) all new pati5ts we %\ld comm5ce ) a m9imum dose1 wat* its effect1 & if we ne$ to increase x1 d s gradually--e4g41 muscul> contraction be+ s\ght we mu/ use ! p[] j suffici5t to produce x & no m--& s on ) o!r applications2 & x is especially necess>y to use c>e 9 apply+ ! ,voltaic curr5t to ! face1 neck1 or any "p ( ! head4 ,du*5ne bl9d$ a pati5t by sudd5ly apply+ a curr5t f #dj cells to ! facial muscles1 & he _h ! c&\r to publi% 8 mis=tune4 ,sudd5 applications & sudd5 cessations %\ld especially be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,! cessation %ock c1 ( c\rse1 only occur 9 cases :]e ! conductors hav+ be5 held immovable1 & ! curr5t gradually increas$1 "o or bo? ( !m has be5 abruptly1 & x may be inadv]t5tly1 remov$2 & ,i h kn[n a pati5t s fright5$ by su* a cessation %ock z to decl9e fur!r treatm5t4 ,! negative pole ( a ,voltaic batt]y w1 if frequ5tly appli$ to ! same spot1 soon cause a sore1 & to avoid ?is ! po9t ( application %\ld be slightly v>i$ occasionally2 & let me impress ^u y1 ,g5tlem51 ! importance ( always te/+ electricity ^u y\rselves be=e apply+ x to a pati5t4 ,use z _m galvanomet]s1 or s-call$ 8in/rum5ts ( precision10 z y l1 b use 9 addition ! back ( y\r left h& z a conv5i5t approximate te/ = ! ,voltaic1 & y\r ?umb muscles = ! ,f>adaic curr5t1 except :5 ab\t to apply electricity to y\r pati5t's head or face1 & make x !n an inv>iable rule to fir/ apply to y\r own face ! same /r5g? ( curr5t y are ab\t to adm9i/] to y\r pati5t's4 ,if y au?orize y\r pati5t to h treatm5t c>ri$ out at home impress ?is rule ^u :osoev] electrizes him4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is especially imp]ative1 = !re is great belief1 ev5 ) educat$ p]sons :o ought to "k bett]1 t ! b5efit d]iv$ f electrization is 9 exact proportion to ! pa9 giv5 by x1 & a little p]sonal exp]i5ce is a v :olesome corrective to su* a notion4 ,graduate y\r dose1 !n1 by ! numb] ( cells employ$ *eck$ by te/+ its effect1 & d ?is ^u ea* application1 = !re is no c]ta9 means ( secur+ t ! /r5g? ( ei!r a ,voltaic or a ,f>adaic curr5t %all n h v>i$ f day to day4 ,we h n[ /udi$1 ,g5tlem51 m$ical electricity1 electrical in/rum5ts1 & me?ods ( application4 ,9 our next & conclud+ ,lecture ,i propose to discuss ! assi/ance t electricity af=ds u 9 diagnosis1 prognosis1 & treatm5t4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,see pages #f-ag4 #aa ,see ,du*5ne 7de ,b\logne7 8,on ,localiz$ ,electrization & its ,applications to ,pa?ology & ,!rapeutics0 7,engli% ,edition74 ,"p ,i41 pp4 #ch-dj4 ,london3 ,*ur*ill4 #ab ,x is (t5 ( imp]ative importance 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! 8con/ant0 curr5t t we %\ld really localize x--n 9 "n only1 b 9 fact--9 "s special n]ve2 & ?is is n always q s easy 9 practice z 9 !ory4 ,,sn3 ,importance ( exactitude 9 adm9i/]+ a con/ant curr5t4 ,to secure ! result we desire1 we mu/ see t ! cord or wire f ! t]m9als ( ! batt]y to ! electrodes is )\t flaw2 t ! electrodes are well moi/5$ & plac$ firmly 9 ! position det]m9$ ^u2 & especially t !y are held q immovable dur+ ! entire application1 = if n ma9ta9$ immovable1 we %all be us+ n a 8con/ant0 b an 8int]rupt$0 curr5t ) totally dissimili> physiological & !rapeutical effects6 ,we mu/ satisfy ourselves t ! curr5t f our batt]y is also con/ant1 & t we s apply x to our pati5ts t ! affect$ n]ve %all be--z x is call$--includ$ 9 ! circuit--t is1 betwe5 ! poles1 & t ! curr5t circulates ?r\gh ?is n]ve z p]fectly & cont9u\sly z x w\ld ?r\gh a piece ( wire connect+ ! t]m9als ( ! batt]y4 #ac ,publi%$ by ,*ur*ill4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,diagnosis ,,& ,,treatm5t4 ,a4--,electricity 9 ,diagnosis4 ,,g5tlem51 ,,sn3 ,electro-,diagnosis4 ,our fir/ two ,lectures 7 devot$ to a consid]ation ( electrical in/rum5ts2 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( electricity2 & ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( apply+ !m 9 !rapeutics4 ,to-day we h to /udy _! uses 9 diagnosis1 prognosis1 & treatm5t4 ,,sn3 ,te/ ( ,electro-,irritability4 ,! *ief use ( electricity 9 diagnosis is dep5d5t ^u its p[] ( evolv+ muscul> contraction4 ,we h se5--z ,i demon/rat$ to y ^u my left =e>m--t bo? muscles & n]ves1 :5 9 a normal condition1 respond to ! /imulus ( electricity4 ,9 disease ?is response1 or irritability1 may rema9 unalt]$1 or x may be increas$1 decreas$1 or aboli%$2 & our fir/ /ep 9 electro-diagnosis %\ld !re=e be to asc]ta9 ! exact condition ( electro-contractility4 ,z 9 practically almo/ all our cases we h to d ) alt]$ reaction exi/+ only 9 "o n]ve or muscle1 or 9 "o ( two symmetrical gr\ps ( n]ves or muscles1 we possess a ready means ( te/+ irritability by asc]ta9+ its relative condition ^u opposite sides ( ! body1 z1 = example1 9 an ord9>y case ( hemiplegia4 ,,sn3 ,te/ ( ,f>ado-,irritability4 ,9 exam9+ su* a case electrically--& ! pr9ciples ( proc$ure are ! same 9 all cases--x is conv5i5t to comm5ce our inve/igation ) ! ,f>adaic curr5t1 & to asc]ta9 ! l[e/ p[] :i* w call into action any "o ( ! muscles ( ! heal?y side1 & !n to apply ?is same /r5g? ( curr5t to id5tical po9ts ( ! correspond+ muscle on ! diseas$ side1 not+ :e!r x causes contraction4 ,if s1 we decrease ! p[] ( ! curr5t1 :5 if contraction /ill occurs !re is increas$ irritability1 or vice v]s1 z ! case may be4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! condition ( ! muscle we proce$ simil>ly to te/ its motor n]ve1 = we %all see h]eaft] t 9 c]ta9 diseas$ conditions muscle & n]ve irritability are affect$ unequally4 ,"o conductor be+ held to an indiff]5t "p ( ! body we apply a f9e-po9t$ conductor to ! mo/ sup]ficial po9t 9 ! c\rse ( ! n]ve1 9 ! way t1 z y w recollect1 ,i electriz$ my left m$ian n]ve4 ,,sn3 ,te/ ( ,voltao-,irritability4 ,we next submit ! muscle & n]ve to simil> exam9ation ) ! ,voltaic curr5t4 ,hold+ bo? conductors immovable1 we int]rupt ! curr5t = a mom5t by mov+ ! 8key0 ( our batt]y1 or if x is n provid$ ) a key1 :ile "o conductor is /ation>y1 we break ! curr5t by lift+ & reapply+ ! o!r4 ,x is ess5tial t on bo? sides !re %\ld be exact simil>ity 9 ! application1 & t ! electrodes %\ld be plac$ on id5tical po9ts ( ! muscle1 & ?is is especially important ) ! ,voltaic curr5t1 = heal?y muscle responds to x m readily :5 x fl[s d[n ! limb1 t is1 ) ! positive pole ne>e/ to ! sp9e1 & ! negative f>!r f x ?an :5 x fl[s up1 & consequ5tly a rev]sal ( ! poles w influ5ce ! result4 ,,sn3 ,rule = /r5g? ( ,curr5t4 ,9 te/+ a case 9 :i* !re is equal disease ^u bo? sides--z 9 "s cases ( p>aplegia--we mu/ be guid$ by a k ( ! /r5g? ( curr5t usually requir$ to induce contraction4 ,z a g5]al rule1 unless a curr5t t causes en]getic & pa9ful action 9 ! muscles ( ! ball ( ! ?umb produces "s contraction1 irritability is impair$4 ,if1 9 our exam9ation ( ! muscle1 we f9d irritability normal to bo? curr5ts1 we h pro( ( ! integrity ( ! muscul> tissue4 ,if ! muscle also responds by contraction to electrization ( its n]ve1 we h fur!r pro( t ! n]ve is heal?y1 & also ! sp9al cord at ! po9t ( orig9 ( ! n]ve4 ,,sn3 ,electro-,irritability dim9i%$4 ,if we f9d ! irritability less5$1 !re is disease ( ei!r muscul> tissue1 n]ve or cord2 &1 z a rule1 ?is w be 9 direct proportion to ! am\nt ( dim9i%$ irritability4 ,,sn3 ,electro-,irritability increas$4 ,increas$ irritability po9ts to increas$ vascul>ity or irritative lesion2 b 9 su* cases we v seldom require ! aid ( electricity to complete our diagnosis4 ,,sn3 ,voltao-,irritability increas$4 ,! reactions ( ,f>adism & ,voltaism are usually equal1 b 9 "s cases 9 :i* muscul> response to ,f>adism is dim9i%$ or aboli%$ ! muscul> reaction to an int]rupt$ ,voltaic curr5t is n only pres]v$ b increas$4 ,! diseas$ muscle w respond mu* m readily to ! ,voltaic curr5t ?an ! correspond+ muscle ( ! heal?y side2 :ile at ! same "t x w be f\nd on exam9+ ! n]ve t !re is equal dim9ution to bo? curr5ts4 ,,sn3 ,diagnosis ( ,p]iph]al f ,c5tral ,disease4 ,?is increas$ muscle reaction is due to ! special irritability ( muscul> tissue1 & is q indep5d5t ( any n]ve influ5ce4 ,x exi/s only 9 p]iph]al & nev] 9 c5tral lesion1 & by x we obta9 an absolute diagnosis ( su* cases z local p>alysis ( ! facial n]ve f facial hemiplegia1 p>alysis ( ! ext5sors ( ! wri/ & f+]s1 due to lead poison+1 f comm5c+ muscul> atrophy1 or progressive muscul> atrophy f p>alysis f section ( a n]ve--all important que/ions z affect+ treatm5t4 ,,sn3 8,! ,deg5]ative ,n]ve ,reaction40 ,x is kn[n z ! 8deg5]ative n]ve reaction10 z x always foll[s :5 a n]ve trunk is involv$ 9 ! lesion4 ,!re is !n dim9ution ( ,f>adaic irritability ?r\gh bo? n]ve & muscle1 dim9ution ( reaction to ! ,voltaic curr5t :5 ! rheophores are appli$ ov] ! n]ve1 & increase ( reaction :5 !y are appli$ ov] ! muscle2 b !re is no relation betwe5 ^! int]e/+ v>iations 9 ! electrical condition ( n]ve & muscle1 & ! degree ( p>alysis to ! w1 = !re may be p]fect muscul> p>alysis1 z 9 hemiplegia1 :5 ! electrical condition ( bo? n]ve & muscle is un*ang$2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 9 muscles equally p>alyz$ we may f9d absolute electrical *anges 9 "s1 & none 9 o!rs4 ,we may (t5 positively pr$ict t ^! latt] w rapidly recov]--"o in/ance ( ! use ( electricity 9 prognosis4 ,aft] long disuse ( heal?y muscles a slight degree ( dim9ution ( electric irritability may sometimes be pres5t1 b ?is is always re/or$ by two or ?ree ,f>adizations1 & its exi/5ce is h>dly likely to pres5t any difficulty 9 diagnosis4 ,,sn3 ,c5tral ,p>alysis4 ,) ?is qualification we f9d t 9 p>alysis f bra9 disease electric irritability is normal1 except :5 irritative lesion is pres5t1 & !n x is increas$4 ,,sn3 ,sp9al ,p>alysis4 ,9 p>alysis f disease ( ! sub/ance ( ! cord irritability is dim9i%$1 & ?is w sometimes aid u 9 ! diagnosis--n always easy--betwe5 comm5c+ p>aplegia & locomotor ataxy4 ,9 ataxy--at lea/ 9 its e>ly /ages--irritability is normal4 ,9 progressive muscul> atrophy x is normal z long z any muscul> tissue rema9s4 ,,sn3 ,hy/]ical ,p>alysis4 ,9 hy/]ical or emotional p>alysis irritability is normal1 b electro-s5sibility is (t5 mu* impair$4 ,,sn3 ,diagnosis betwe5 ,real & ,feign$ ,disease4 ,,sn3 ,electricity z ,pro( ,positive ( ,dea?4 ,^! v>iations w sometimes enable u to di/+ui% betwe5 real & pret5d$ disease2 &1 f9ally1 absolute abolition ( electric irritability 9 all ! muscles ( ! body is pro( positive ( dea?1 s t ^? extraord9>y p :o are haunt$ by a fe> ( be+ buri$ alive may re/ cont5t$ if !y provide t aft] app>5t dea?1 & be=e burial1 _! bodies %all be submitt$ to ?or\gh electrical exam9ation4 ,consid]$ solely z an aid to diagnosis1 we c get little m assi/ance f electricity ?an ,i h po9t$ out to y4 ,& n[1 ,g5tlem51 we come to ! consid]ation ( ! la/ & mo/ important bran* ( our subject--electricity z a !rapeutic ag5t--its scope & its limitations z a rem$y4 ,,sn3 ,limitation ( ,electricity z a rem$y4 ,is x ne$ful = me to say t !re is too mu* belief & too mu* unbelief 9 its !rapeutic p[]8 ,! m5 :o e/imate x fairly are q ! m9ority4 ,x is g5]ally ei!r mu* und]valu$1 or else believ$ to be a sort ( mod]n 8,elixir ,vit10 capable ( cur+ a hopeless hemiplegia f de/ruction ( bra9 tissue1 or a p>alysis agitans f s5ile deg5]ation4 ,al?\gh electricity w d nei!r ( ^! impossibilities1 yet1 consid]$ z a rem$y1 x is ( great value 9 a wide m>g9 ( diseases4 ,x w ei!r /imulate or soo! bo? n]ve & muscle1 accord+ to its v>iety & mode ( application2 x w frequ5tly re/ore volunt>y movem5t1 x w relieve pa91 height5 temp]ature1 recall s5sation1 coagulate ! blood1 & dissolve or sl[ly cause ! absorption ( tum\rs4 ,b4--,electricity 9 ,treatm5t4 ,,frankl9ization4 ,frankl9ization z ! olde/ =m ( electricity & z p>tak+ m ( a g5]al application ?an a local1 may be conv5i5tly consid]$ fir/4 ,adm9i/]$ by ! v>i\s me?ods describ$ at pages #f to #ag1 x has be5 f\nd 9 ! practice ( ! ,national ,hospital = ! ,p>alyz$ & ,epileptic1 & 9 private cases com+ "u my own obs]vation1 ( consid]able value4 ,,sn3 ,facial ,neuralgia4 ,facial neuralgia1 = example1 :i* has resi/$ o!r modes ( treatm5t1 may occasionally be reliev$ ) rapidity & p]man5tly by draw+ sp>ks along ! track ( ! affect$ bran* or bran*es ( ! trifacial n]ve4 ,,sn3 ,sciatica4 ,,sn3 ,facial ,spasms4 ,sometimes also ob/9ate sciatica has be5 p>tially or altoge!r remov$2 s also facial spasm1 7tic convulsif71 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance1 = p]mission to quote :i* ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,radcliffe4 ,a female1 =ty-eight ye>s ( age1 _h suff]$ = ?irte5 ye>s f spasm ( ! muscles ( ! left side ( ! face4 ,! di/ortion produc$ by ! spasm 0 v great1 & 0 apt to be s mu* exagg]at$ by slight emotion1 ev5 su* z w\ld be caus$ by hav+ to address a /rang]1 z to make speak+ difficult1 & to prev5t prop] att5tion to h] occupation z a small %opkeep]4 ,an exp]im5tal trial 0 made ( electrization by sp>ks along ! l9es ( ! n]ves di/ribut$ to ! affect$ muscles4 ,aft] ! ?ird application ! spasm 0 manife/ly reliev$1 ! di/ortion be+ dim9i%$1 & ! p>oxysms occurr+ less frequ5tly4 ,by p]si/+ ) ?is treatm5t ?rice weekly ov] a p]iod ( two mon?s1 s great an am\nt ( relief 0 obta9$ t little di/ortion ( ! face rema9$1 & ! pati5t 0 able to pursue h] bus9ess ) com=t4 ,,sn3 ,emotional ,aphonia4 ,electrization by sp>ks ov] ! l>ynx has be5 f\nd s effective 9 ! relief ( cases ( hy/]ical or emotional aphonia1 ev5 ^? ( long /&+1 t x is well to use x 9 ! treatm5t ( ^! cases be=e hav+ rec\rse to induc$ electricity4 ,9 six or sev5 rec5t cases1 ?is =m ( application repeat$ twice or ?rice effect$ a complete cure4 ,"o ( ^! cases 0 ( n9e1 ano!r ( six mon?s' duration4 ,! rema9d] _h la/$ f f\r weeks to ?ree mon?s4 ,! sev5? case did n receive any b5efit f ! use ( /atic electricity1 & ! o!r =ms ( ! ag5t prov$ equally ineffective4 ,! case recov]$ sl[ly "u g5]al treatm5t4 ,,sn3 ,localiz$ ,excessive ,s5sitiv5ess4 ,electrization by sp>ks ov] ! affect$ spot has (t5 prov$ ( great b5efit 9 remov+ ! localiz$ excessive s5sitiv5ess n unfrequ5tly f\nd 9 hy/]ical cases1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! sp9al region4 ,,sn3 ,tremor4 ,tremor1 :e!r g5]al or local1 is sometimes l>gely reliev$ by insulat+ ! pati5t1 & *>g+ him ) positive electricity = a p]iod ( tw5ty m9utes to half an h\r4 ,o!r applications fail+1 ,i w\ld advise always1 9 cases simil> to ! above1 a fair trial1 say half a doz5 sitt+s1 ( ,frankl9ization4#ad ,,electrization4 ,,sn3 ,electro-!rapeutics4 ,we h se5 t if we s5d a %ock ( electricity ?r\gh a motor n]ve ! n]ve becomes excit$1 & responds by contraction ( its muscles4 ,"o =m ( electricity1 !n1 is a /imulant1 b1 unlike o!r /imulants1 x admits ( its action be+ exactly localiz$ & its influ5ce in/antly )drawn4 ,,sn3 ,effects ^u ,nutrition4 ,!re fir/ results f su* an application a l>g] fl[ ( blood to ! "p1 ) subsequ5t increase ( temp]ature & g5]al improvem5t 9 nutrition4 ,,sn3 ,electricity z a ,/imulant4 ,if muscul> contraction results1 x acts 9 addition z an artificial gymna/1 imitat+ natural muscul> action 9 a way q impossible to any ag5cy b electricity4 ,x is 9 cases :]e !re is muscul> response to x1 b n to ! w1 t x is (t5 ( imm5se s]vice1 & x c !n be replac$ by no o!r rem$y kn[n to m$ic9e4 ,ne$ ,i say t 9 su* cases its dosage is ( importance2 t only a c]ta9 am\nt ( /imulation be+ ne$$1 ?is may n be c>ri$ to ! po9t ( exhau/ion1 & t ! application %\ld n be cont9u$ = too long a "t4 ,f t5 to tw5ty m9utes = an entire application is usually suffici5t4 ,s mu* = ! /imulant effects ( electricity :5 adm9i/]$ "u ei!r ( its =ms 9 a s]ies ( int]mitt5t 8%ocks40 ,,sn3 ,! ,con/ant ,curr5t4 ,b we get a v diff]5t result :5 we employ a con/ant curr5t--t is1 a cont9u\s /ream ( electricity )\t int]ruption or break 9 x1 & )\t appreciable v>iation 9 its /r5g?4 ,"o effect ( ! adm9i/ration ( su* a fl[ ( electricity is t ( a s$ative1 = x possesses ! mo/ rem>kable p[] 9 reliev+ pa94 ,we h all he>d ( ! b5efit ( ! 8con/ant curr5t0 9 neuralgia1 & x is wor?y ( its reputation1 & w n disappo9t u if we adm9i/] x ) ! precautions not$ 9 my la/ ,lecture4 7,see foot-note1 page #eb47af ,,sn3 ,electricity possesses an influ5ce sui g5]is4 ,electricity1 !n1 accord+ to its v>iety & me?od ( adm9i/ration1 is bo? a /imulant & a s$ative2 b al?\gh ^! words may be us$ z conv5i5t di/9ctive t]ms1 !re is no d\bt t x is some?+ m1 & t x possesses an influ5ce q sui g5]is1 dep5d5t1 p]haps1 ^u its modification ( ! natural /ate ( ! electricity ( ! human body4 ,,sn3 ,re/orative p[] ( ,voltaic ,curr5t4 ,! ,voltaic curr5t enjoys a rem>kable re/orative p[]1 = x has be5 f\nd t its prolong$ action ^u a n]ve imm$iately aft] dea? w pres]ve its irritability = a l5g? ( "t1 & t ev5 9 a dead n]ve ! lo/ irritability may be aga9 e/abli%$4 ,,sn3 ,electricity 9 ,fatigue ,diseases4 ,dr4 ,poore has p>ticul>ly /udi$ ?is re/orative or refre%+ effect ( ! ,voltaic curr5t1 especially 9 its application to a class ( diseases 7t]m$ by him 8fatigue diseases071 & ( :i* writ]'s cramp is a type1 *iefly *>act]iz$ by an int5se feel+ ( fatigue ^u any attempt be+ made to execute c]ta9 muscul> movem5ts4 ,?is tir$ feel+ is at once remov$ by ! application ( ! ,voltaic curr5t1 ei!r to ! muscles affect$ or to _! n]ves1 & ?is result ,dr4 ,poore believes to be expla9$ by an increase 9 ! susceptibility ( ! muscles to ! /imulus ( ! w4 ,be ?is z x may1 su* an application is (t5 mo/ com=t+1 & x is n unusual = ! pati5t to exp]i5ce imm$iate & mo/ grateful relief1 & to beg = its repetition4 ,_m electro-!rapeuti/s w attribute ?is relief to ! production (1 z x is t]m$1 a condition ( electrotonus1 ab\t :i*1 & its importance 9 electro-!rapeutics1 a great deal has be5 writt5 & disput$4 ,,sn3 ,electrotonus4 ,electrotonus is simply a "n giv5 to signify ! /ate ( a n]ve :ile x is be+ trav]s$ by an artificial ,voltaic curr5t4 ,! effects ( su* an application1 ( c\rse1 dep5d *iefly ^u ! p[] ( ! curr5t4 ,if suffici5tly p[]ful complete functional de/ruction ( ! n]ve w\ld result1 z by a lightn+ fla%2 & z ! t5sion ( electricity is great] at "o pole ?an ! o!r1 we naturally1 ) curr5ts ( a c]ta9 /r5g?1 discov] modifications ( irritability 9 ! n]ve :5 specially influ5c$ by ei!r pole4 ,! irritability is increas$ 9 ! half ne>e/ to ! negative pole 7,katelectrotonus71 decreas$ 9 ! half ne>e/ to ! negative pole 7,anelectrotonus71 & un*ang$ at a po9t midway betwe5 ! two poles 7po9t ( indiff]5ce74 ,! production ( ! g5]al electrotonic /ate is ( importance4 ,i believe ^! less] v>iations ( anelectrotonus & katelectrotonus to be practically ( little mom5t1 & ,i advise y to disreg>d !m 9 !rapeutics4 ,,sn3 ,impot5ce4 ,! re/orative effect ( ! ,voltaic curr5t is frequ5tly ( b5efit 9 sexual weakness4 ,9 functional cases1 ! curr5t may be appli$ to ! sp9e--positive pole to mid-dorsal region2 negative well pa9t$ ov] lumb> twice daily = t5 m9utes ^u gett+ up & go+ to b$4 ,?is treatm5t 0 adopt$ 9 ! case ( a g5tleman1 fifty ye>s ( age1 :o consult$ me = gradual decrease ( sexual p[]1 end+ 9 complete impot5ce4 ,six weeks' treatm5t result$1 ! pati5t in=m$ me1 9 ! complete re/oration ( ! normal function4 ,v m>k$ absorb5t or resolv5t effects are also ex]t$ by ! ,voltaic curr5t1 & are probably *iefly due to its p[]ful *emical action1 = a curr5t ( great /r5g? w dissolve or de/roy any animal tissue :atev]4 ,"o application ( ?is *emical action is f\nd 9 ! electrolysis ( tum\rs2 ano!r 9 ! coagulation ( blood 9 aneurisms2#ah & a ?ird 9 ! removal or absorption ( g\ty & rheumatic deposits4 ,,sn3 ,rheumatic ,g\t4 ,9 ,rheumatic ,g\t1 ,dr4 ,poore has record$ a v successful result f ! use ( localiz$ galvanization4 ,! disease _h exi/$ = ?ree mon?s1 b ! sev]ity ( ! pa9 _h mu* dim9i%$1 except+ t[>ds ev5+1 :5 exac]bations occurr$4 ,! wri/ 0 consid]ably swoll51 & absolutely /iff1 ! h& pronat$ & c\ld n be sup9at$1 & ! h& & f+]s 7 imm5sely swoll51 s z completely to obscure _! anatomy1 :ile ! f+]s 7 ext5d$1 /iff1 pale1 & cold1 & ! nutrition ( ! entire limb impair$4 ,! :ole limb1 & especially ! h&1 0 ?or\ghly spong$ ) ! negative pole1 ! positive be+ held 9 ! pati5t's o!r h&4 ,aft] ! ?ird application ! swell+ rapidly subsid$1 & 9 ab\t a =tnight ! h&1 al?\gh /ill /iff1 _h resum$ its natural aspect4 ,! muscles 7 !n f>adiz$ & %ampoo$4 ,,sn3 ,rheumatic ,ar?ritis4 ,rheumatic ar?ritis ) nodosities is be/ treat$ by pass+ z /rong a ,voltaic curr5t z ! pati5t w submit to ?r\gh ea* swoll5 jo9t = a few m9utes1 ! direction ( ! curr5t be+ frequ5tly *ang$ by ! movem5t ( ! commutator ( ! poles4 ,,sn3 ,muscul> ,rheumatism4 ,! pa9s ( muscul> rheumatism are almo/ inv>iably remov$ or mitigat$ by cutane\s f>adization1 & s rapidly z 9 _m cases to appe> m>vell\s4 ,9 cases t _h resi/$ all o!r treatm5t1 an in/antane\s cure has result$1 & suff]]s ^: pa9 has = a long "t oblig$ !m to keep ! arm immovable h be5 able directly aft] ! f>adization to execute any movem5t ) ease4 ,) ^! rheumatic pati5ts x is especially ( importance t ! curr5t %\ld be /rictly limit$ to ! sk91 c>efully dri$ & p[d]$1 & %\ld produce no muscul> contraction1 or ! suff]+ w be aggravat$ in/ead ( reliev$4 ,beg9 ) a curr5t readily be>able on y\r own h&1 & increase aft]w>ds4 ,! above rem>ks are applicable to all v>ieties ( muscul> rheumatism1 b n to ar?ritic disease4 ,,sn3 ,g5]al effects ( ,electrization4 ,s mu* = ! g5]al effects ( electricity4 ,all ! /ructures ( ! body respond to its application2 ! muscles & motor n]ves1 z we h se51 by contraction2 ! n]ves ( common s5sation by a burn+ or prick+2 & ( ! n]ves ( special s5se2 ! ret9a by a fla% ( light2 ! auditory n]ve by a s\nd2 ! olfactory n]ve by a peculi> smell2 & ! gu/atory by a metallic ta/e1 diff]+ at ! two poles4 ,! action ( ! ,voltaic curr5t ^u ! bra9 is exce$+ly p[]ful1 & ! greate/ c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ :5 x is appli$ to any "p ( ! head or face4 ,n m ?an two or ?ree cells %\ld be comm5c$ )4 ,its effect %\ld be not$1 & any increase %\ld be made gradually4 ,) a v mod]ate curr5t gidd9ess is produc$1 & ^u ! sudd5 application ( a suffici5tly p[]ful "o ! pati5t falls d[n z if /ruck by a bl[4 ,,sn3 ,g5]al ,debility4 ,all1 or "s ( ! m or less g5]aliz$ applications1 su* z ,be>d & ,rockwell's g5]aliz$ electrization1 ! common ,f>adaic & ,voltaic ,ba?s1 or ,radcliffe's ,*>ge1 are ( occasional b5efit 9 conditions ( g5]al debility1 & :]e g5]al /imulation ( ! n]v\s c5tres is indicat$4 ,! electric ba? is an elegant & pleasant mode ( adm9i/]+ electricity1 b x is less g5]ally b5eficial 7except 9 c]ta9 g\ty or rheumatic cases7 ?an localiz$ applications ( electricity4 ,! /atem5t t metallic poisons c be elim9at$ f ! body by its ag5cy has n yet be5 e/abli%$4 ,,sn3 ,p>alysis4 ,!re are v few1 ,i ?9k ,i may almo/ say n "o1 ( ! _m disord]s class$ "u ! head+ ( p>alysis1 9 :i* at "s "t or o!r ( _! progress "s =m ( electrization is n ess5tial to _! mo/ successful treatm5t4 ,:]e p[]less to cure x w n unfrequ5tly relieve ! mo/ di/ress+ symptoms4 ,cases ( functional p>alysis f slight pressure are n uncommon1 :5 p[] may usually be re/or$ by a few ,f>adizations2 b 9 p>alysis f sev]e c5tral or p]iph]al lesion progress mu/ ( necessity be sl[4 ,su* cases1 reg>d$ electrically1 may be mo/ conv5i5tly consid]$ "u ! two divisions ( atrophic & non-atrophic p>alysis4 ,,sn3 ,atrophic ,p>alysis4 ,9 ! great majority ( atrophic cases !re w be f\nd abolition or modification ( ! normal electrical reaction ( n]ve & muscle1 b :e!r ?is is s or n1 9 all cases ( loss ( p[]1 9 :i* any muscul> wa/+ is visible1 ! localization ( electricity 9 ! wa/+ muscles is imp]ative1 & 9 "s v>ieties x is ! only treatm5t :i* w arre/ ! disease4 ,x is 9 ^! latt] cases t its e>ly adm9i/ration is call$ =1 be=e ! deg5]ation & disappe>ance ( ! muscul> tissue1 & its e>ly & judici\s use w n seldom save ! suff]] f be+ left = life ) a p[]less1 or )]$ & de=m$1 limb4 ,,sn3 ,infantile ,p>alysis4 ,z an illu/ration1 let u review ! progress ( a case ( ess5tial infantile p>alysis1 ! mo/ common ( ! p>alyses ( *ildr52 t =m 9 :i* premonitory symptoms are (t5 abs5t1 or b slight1 & :]e !re is no rigidity4 ,v %ortly aft] its onset1 usually )9 a few days1 ! limb is f\nd to be cold] ?an its fell[1 & its muscles to be rapidly wa/+2 ! f9al result1 if untreat$1 be+ ! entire disappe>ance ( "s ( !m & ! production ( de=mity4 ,9 fact1 ! l>g] numb] ( cases ( club-foot & analog\s di/ortions are br\ght ab\t by neglect$ infantile p>alysis1 & !re is no d\bt t by judici\s treatm5t1 ( :i* e>ly electrization is ! f\ndation1 ! majority ( !m might h be5 prev5t$4 ,! lead+ or?opdic surgeons are fully alive to ?is fact1 b !y are p[]less1 z !y are r>ely consult$ until all ! mis*ief has result$4 ,,sn3 ,importance ( e>ly ,electrical ,treatm5t4 ,! e>ly recognition & appropriate treatm5t ( ^! cases mu/ cont9ue 9 ! h&s ( ! family practition]1 & he mu/ decide :e!r or n !y are to cont9ue1 z at pres5t is un=tunately too commonly ! case1 )\t any s]i\s attempts at re/orative treatm5t until comm5c+ de=mity compels att5tion to !m4 ,z soon z ! m$ical att5dant is summon$--& ?is is frequ5tly only because ! p>5ts h notic$ t ! *ild is lame--he %\ld c>efully exam9e ! muscles electrically1 & unless !re are head symptoms pres5t1 & ?is is v seldom1 he %\ld electrize ea* muscle daily ) t curr5t to :i* x responds1 & ( a /r5g? j suffici5t to produce muscul> contraction4 ,if ! p[]less muscles h pres]v$ _! ,f>ado-contractility x may be confid5tly pr$ict$ t !y w rapidly recov]2 b x w almo/ inv>iably be f\nd t :ile ,f>ado-contractility is dim9i%$ or aboli%$1 !re is increas$ response to ! int]rupt$ ,voltaic curr5t4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ !n ) ?is curr5t alone4 ,hot spong+s & %ampoo+s %\ld also be employ$1 & x is ( great importance t 9 ! int]vals ( treatm5t ! temp]ature ( ! affect$ muscles %\ld be ma9ta9$ at z high a degree z possible4 ,if ! leg is affect$1 a /ock+ ( pure spun silk %\ld be con/antly worn1 day & night1 9 addition to ! ord9>y clo?+2 if ! arm1 a silk5 sleeve4 ,,sn3 ,importance ( active & passive movem5ts 9 ,p>alysis4 ,:5 9 any =m ( p>alysis ,,any am\nt ( volunt>y p[] has be5 re/or$ by electricity1 x is mo/ important t ! pati5t %\ld be enc\rag$ to use ! limb & practise v>i\s movem5ts4 ,passive movem5ts are ( equal importance1 & ! p>alyz$ muscles %\ld be frequ5tly ex]cis$ by ?is mode to ! fulle/ ext5t ( _! normal movem5ts4 ,= example1 if ! ext5sors ( ! h& & f+]s are p>alyz$1 ! h& & f+]s %\ld be passively flex$ & ext5d$ completely1 at int]vals ( a few seconds1 = "s m9utes1 & s on ) all ! p>alyz$ muscles 9 succession4 ,,sn3 ,rule = ,muscul> ,electrization4 ,z soon z !re is return ( reaction to ,f>adization1 ,f>adization %\ld be alone us$1 & ! rule 9 all cases ( localiz$ muscul> electrization1 muscul> contraction be+ s\ght1 is to use t curr5t to :i* ! muscles respond1 & ,i d n "k ( any exception to ?is rule2 b a successful result 9 sev]e cases ( atrophic--n alone infantile p>alysis1 b all v>ieties ( atrophic p>alysis--is br\ght ab\t by pa9/ak+1 daily1 t$i\s1 un9t]e/+ treatm5t1 ) no *ance ( brilliant or rapid results1 b :i* if ?or\ghly1 fai?fully1 & pati5tly c>ri$ out1 w rew>d u by progressive improvem5t1 & sometimes--ev5 9 cases reg>d$ n long ago z q hopeless--complete recov]y4 ,,sn3 ,rigid =m ( ,infantile ,p>alysis4 ,!re are c]ta9 =ms ( p>alysis affect+ *ildr5 :]e ! muscles are rigid4 ,localization ( any =m ( electricity 9 ^! rigid muscles is q useless2 b if ^! cases dep5d ^u adhesions or exudations into ! m$ulla _! absorption may possibly be promot$ by localiz+ a ,voltaic curr5t 9 ! sup]ior c]vical ganglia ( ! sympa!tic2 two small conductors1 lea!r1 tipp$ & well-moi/5$ 9 connection ) ! poles ( a ,voltaic batt]y be+ appli$ = f\r or five m9utes to ! bottom ( ! auriculo-maxill>y foss on bo? sides4 ,!re seems no d\bt t su* an application causes a dilatation ( ! blood-vessels ( ! base ( ! bra91 & is likely !re=e to promote absorption4 ,,sn3 ,traumatic ,p>alysis4 ,9 all cases ( traumatic lesion--z by section ( a n]ve--! p>alysis is atrophic1 & ! treatm5t ,i h recomm5d$ 9 infantile p>alysis %\ld be assidu\sly employ$4 ,mit*ell1 ( ,philadelphia1 ^: exp]i5ce ( milit>y surg]y is unrivall$1 comm5ces electrical treatm5t & %ampoo+ )9 a =tnight ( ! w\nd1 unless !re are special circum/ances to contra-indicate x4 ,lead palsy requires simil> treatm5t2 s does1 p]haps1 ! commone/ =m ( p]iph]al palsy--facial palsy f neuritis ( ! facial n]ve4 ,,sn3 ,caution necess>y 9 ,electriz+ ,facial ,muscles4 ,9 electriz+ ! facial muscles !re is "o caution necess>y--especially to obs]ve ! rule ( electriz+ ! muscles equally--= ,i h sev]al times met ) a contraction result+ f a too en]getic ,f>adization ( "s individual facial muscle1 to ! neglect ( ! gr\p ) :i* x is 9 correlative action4 ,su* a contraction may sometimes be remov$ by localiz+ 9 x = ab\t five m9utes a con/ant ,voltaic curr5t f eight or t5 cells2 b 9 ! mo/ fav\rable cases an unnatural expression ( c\nt5ance w g5]ally p]si/ = a long "t1 f ! non-recov]y by ! muscles ( _! p]fect 8tone10 t quality :i* impr9ts ^u ea* face its *>act]i/ic features1 & :i* has be5 call$ ! 8,gymna/ ( ! ,s\l40 ,,sn3 ,wa/+ ,palsy4 ,9 t mo/ di/ress+ disease1 ,cruveilhi]'s atrophy or wa/+ palsy1 m$ication is altoge!r useless1 & our "o hope--n inv>iably a =lorn "o--is 9 electricity4 ,localiz$ ,f>adization to ! muscles1 alt]nately ) ,radcliffe's ,positive ,*>ge1 toge!r ) galvanization ( ! sympa!tic or ( ! sp9al cord1 admit ( trial4 ,,sn3 ,hemiplegia4 ,9 non-atrophic p>alysis--( :i* hemiplegia may be tak5 z a type--! propriety ( electrization1 & especially ! prop] mom5t = its application1 requires c>eful consid]ation4 ,9 bo? bra9 & sp9al cord disease muscul> electrization is n advisable until "s "t aft] ! attack1 or until ! muscles exhibit signs ( impairm5t ( nutrition f disuse4 ,z long z !re is rigidity--especially ) increas$ reflex action--any /imulant application ( electricity is n likely to d good1 & may d h>m2 b 9 old] cases--bo? hemiplegic & p>aplegic--cases ( f six to eighte5 mon?s' duration--! imm$iate b5efit to be d]iv$ f localiz$ electrization is (t5 rem>kable1 especially 9 ^? cases :]e1 aft] a p>tial return ( volunt>y movem5t1 ! pati5t sudd5ly /ops %ort1 & = weeks or mon?s makes no progress4 ,z ! sequel ( electrization1 ! hemiplegic pati5t able to use ! arm slightly1 b n to fe$ himself1 may rega9 ?is p[]1 to 8 inf9ite com=t1 & ! p>aplegic pati5t1 able ) difficulty to drag himself along by crut*es1 is enabl$ to walk by ! aid ( a /ick4 ,"s improvem5t is usually soon obta9$1 & x is progressive =1 p]haps1 two or ?ree mon?s1 aft] :i* cont9u$ electrization fails to increase x2 b at a subsequ5t p]iod--six mon?s aft]w>ds--a r5ew$ electrization may give rise to a new improvem5t2 b be ?is z x may1 :5ev] 9 ^! old-/&+ cases we see signs ( impair$ nutrition1 x is wise to occasionally /imulate ! muscles by ,f>adism4 ,we %\ld endeav\r--9 ! words ( ! late ,ne/or ( mod]n m$ic9e1 ,sir ,?omas ,watson--8to pres]ve ! muscul> "p ( ! locomotive app>atus 9 a /ate ( heal? & read9ess1 until p]adv5ture t "p ( ! bra9 f :i* volition proce$s hav+ recov]$ its functions1 or ! road by :i* its messages travel hav+ be5 repair$1 ! influ5ce ( ! w %all aga9 rea* & reanimate ! palsi$ limbs40#ai ,,sn3 ,direct application ( ,voltaic ,curr5t to ,bra94 ,9 hemiplegia ! propriety ( a direct application ( ! con/ant ,voltaic curr5t to ! bra9 mu/ be ?\ghtfully consid]$4 ,9 select$ cases1 :]e ! clot or s(t5+ is ( limit$ ext5t1 its removal may be accel]at$ by a c>efully localiz$ curr5t--two or ?ree cells--= two or ?ree m9utes to ! injur$ hemisph]e1 foll[$ by ,voltaization ( ! c]vical sympa!tic 7s-call$7 = f\r or five m9utes4 ,aft] su* an application !re foll[s--accord+ to ,al?aus--8great] ease 9 ! head1 z well z 9 ! limbs1 & if !re has be5 pa9 ?is is reliev$40 ,,sn3 ,electricity 9 ,sp9al ,p>aplegia4 ,simil>ly ! absorption ( ! inflammatory products may be promot$ 9 ! e>li] /ages ( sp9al disease1 by localiz+ ! ,voltaic curr5t 9 ! p>ts affect$1 especially :]e pa9 is pres5t1 & we h reason to suppose t ! myelitis is circumscrib$4 ,! daily application ( ! positive pole = ab\t five m9utes1 & ) f t5 to fifte5 cells1 to ! pa9ful spot--! negative pole be+ held to an indiff]5t "p ( ! body--is likely to promote absorption4 ,at any rate x w sometimes relieve ! pa94 ,9 ! lat] /ages ( p>aplegia1 z soon z !re is dim9ution ( electro-irritability 9 ! p>alyz$ muscles !y %\ld be spong$ ) ! ,voltaic curr5t1 or ,f>adiz$2 & :]e an/hesia is pres5t1 a good pa9t+ ) ! wire bru% w (t5 be ( s]vice4 ,,sn3 ,p>aplegic ,con/ipation4 ,p>aplegic con/ipation may frequ5tly be reliev$ by ,f>adization ( ! abdom9al muscles1 & ! tr\blesome dribbl+ ( ur9e1 s (t5 pres5t1 by ext]nal ,f>adization ( ! bladd]--"o pole to ! pubes1 & two sponges f ! second pole--"o to ! sacrum & ! o!r to ! p]9eum4 ,incont95ce ( ur9e 9 *ildr5 may be simil>ly treat$4 ,,sn3 ,emotional ,p>alysis4 ,cases ( hy/]ical or emotional p>alysis may frequ5tly be b5efit$ by ! application ( ! wire bru%1 :i* also sometimes acts l a *>m 9 remov+ an/hesia1 :i*1 al?\gh orig9ally ( c5tral orig91 cont9ues aft] ! removal ( its cause4 ,an/hesia f section ( a n]ve is sometimes p]si/5t 9 ?is way aft] repair ( ! n]ve lesion4 ,,sn3 ,locomotor ,ataxy4 ,! wire bru% is also useful 9 sometimes remov+ ! an/hesia pres5t 9 locomotor ataxy1 "s cases ( :i* may be l>gely b5efit$ also by ! con/ant curr5t to ! sp9e--"o pole to nape ( neck1 & ! o!r to ! l[] lumb> v]tebr4#bj ,,sn3 ,electricity 9 ,m5tal ,diseases4 ,electricity is com+ into use 9 m5tal diseases4 ,f>adism1 & especially cutane\s irritation ) ! wire bru%1 w\ld seem to be mo/ suitable = cases accompani$ by depression or torpor1 ! /imulat+ effects be+ ( s]vice 9 inspirit+ ! pati5t1 :ile ! soo?+ influ5ce ( a direct application ( ! con/ant ,voltaic curr5t to ! bra9 may be employ$ 9 cases ( ov]-excitem5t requir+ a s$ative4 ,,sn3 ,diseases ( ,wom54 ,x is rem>kable t electricity %\ld h be5 s little us$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! diseases ( wom54 ,,sn3 ,electricity z an ,emm5agogue4 ,accord+ to ,gold+ ,bird1 x is ! only true emm5agogue t we possess4 ,be ?is z x may1 all ( its =ms are s]viceable 9 /imulat+ ! secretions1 & may be employ$ ) success 9 cases ( suppression ( ! catam5ia f a torpid condition ( ! ut]9e organs4 ,a g5]aliz$ application w (t5 suffice4 ,let ! pati5t sit ) h] feet 9 tepid salt & wat]1 9 :i* is imm]s$ a wire f "o ( ! poles ( an induction in/rum5t 9 action1 :ile a l>ge sponge f ! o!r pole is held appli$ to ! lumb> region4 ,/r5g? ( curr5t z mu* z %e w be>4 ,"t1 t5 to fifte5 m9utes4 ,! application %\ld be made twice daily = ! ?ree or f\r days prec$+ ! usual catam5ial p]iod4 ,if ?is me?od fails 9 its object1 direct electrization mu/ be resort$ to2 b ,frankl9ization mo/ (t5 succe$s4 ,on ! ,cont95t electricity has be5 l>gely employ$ 9 ! treatm5t ( in]tia ut]i 9 ! second /age ( lab\r1 also 9 produc+ premature lab\r2 9 ! resuscitation ( /ill-born *ildr51 & 9 ut]9e displacem5ts4 ,,sn3 ,! ,advantages ( ,electrization ov] ,ergot4 ,we possess o!r rem$ies = ^! conditions1 b 9 lab\r its advantages ov] ! adm9i/ration ( ergot1 include ! rapidity & c]ta9ty ( its action1 ! exactness ) :i* its dose c be regulat$1 & ! /r5g? & regul>ity ( ! contractions :i* x produces4 ,x admits also ( be+ us$ 9 extreme cases 9 :i* ! p[] ( swall[+ has be5 lo/1 or :]e ev]y?+ is reject$ f ! /oma*1 :ile x nev] ex]ts 9 any way--z ergot is said to d occasionally--any injuri\s effect ^u ! new-born *ild4 ,,sn3 ,f>adization 9 ,po/-p>tum ,hmorrhage4 ,g5tlem51 x is my firm belief t if a ,f>adaic in/rum5t 7 at h&1 & prop]ly us$1 !re w\ld nev] be ano!r dea? f po/-p>tum hmorrhage4 ,! ,f>adaic curr5t1 ?or\ghly localiz$ 9 ! ut]us1 w always produce its contraction1 n only :ile life p]si/s1 b ev5 = a limit$ "t aft] dea?1 b failure 9 localiz+ electricity 9 an organ1 )drawn f sight & cov]$ ) ?ick muscul> tissue1 is especially liable to occur1 unless ! details ( application are conduct$ ) extreme c>e4 ,assume ! case to be an example ( sev]e po/-p>tum hmorrhage1 t ! ord9>y res\rces ( m$ic9e h fail$ ! ob/etrician1 & t he fe>s e mom5t may be 8 pati5t's la/1 b he has an induction in/rum5t at h&4 ,let him wa/e no "t1 b at once introduce 8 "r h& into ! cavity ( ! ut]us & grasp 9 8 left ! moi/5$ sponge atta*$ to "o ( ! conductors ( ! in/rum5t 9 action4 ,let an att5dant1 hold+ by its insulat+ h&le ! conductor f ! o!r pole 7:i* %\ld be a well-moi/5$ sponge7 ?or\ghly pa9t ) x1 z x 71 ! abdom9al p>ietes1 press+ x ) consid]able =ce aga9/ ! practition]'s h&1 & aft]w>ds apply x to ! lumb> region4 ,contraction ( ! ut]us w inv>iably result if ! curr5t us$ be ( suffici5t p[]4 ,,sn3 ,ut]9e ,neuralgia4 ,9 my own h&s an intractable case ( ut]9e neuralgia 0 p]fectly cur$ by ! ,voltaic curr5t2 & ,i h k ( a case ( /]ility :i* ! localization ( ! ,voltaic & ,f>adaic curr5ts alt]nately w\ld seem to h remov$4 ,,sn3 ,/]ility4 ,"o conductor 0 appli$ to ! os1 & two sponges f ! second pole--"o to ! position ( ea* ov>y4 ,! applications 7 made ?rice a week = a =tnight be=e ea* m5/rual p]iod1 & = a p]iod ( f\r mon?s4 ,conception foll[$1 & ! pati5t1 :o _h be5 m>ri$ = ?irte5 ye>s1 9 due c\rse gave bir? to h] fir/ *ild4 ,,sn3 ,p>alysis ( ,n]ves ( ,special ,s5se4 ,! /imulant effects ( electricity are occasionally b5eficial 9 ! treatm5t ( p>alysis ( ! n]ves ( special s5se1 especially ( ! optic & auditory n]ves1 :ile its use has be5 advocat$ 9 a multitude ( diseases to :i* ,i %all n fur!r ref]1 ?an by say+ t a cle> compreh5sion ( ! pr9ciples ( electro-!rapeutics w prev5t ! occurr5ce ( difficulty 9 any special application ( !m2 & let u %ortly recapitulate ! mo/ important ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,,sn3 ,rsum ( g5]al pr9ciples ( ,electro-!rapeutics4 ,we h se5 t electricity is a /imulant1 a s$ative1 a re/orative1 & an absorb5t4 ,its /imulant prop]ties are *iefly ( use 9 diseases ( debility1 & notably 9 p>alysis--its s$ative prop]ties 9 ! alleviation & removal ( pa9 & spasm1 & notably 9 neuralgia--its re/orative prop]ties 9 fatigue diseases1 notably writ]'s cramp--& its absorb5t prop]ties 9 exudation diseases1 & notably 9 g\t & rheumatism4 ,! dose ( electricity consi/s ( ! addition ( two factors--fir/ly1 ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t1 :e!r ,voltaic or ,f>adaic2 secondly1 its duration4 ,x is ( ess5tial importance t we d n ov]dose our pati5t1 b we are little likely to d ?is if we adh]e to ! two c>d9al rules--to use ! m9imum p[] :i* w produce ! results we desire1 & n to unduly prolong our application3 & really ?is "q ( 8dosage0 =ces u to consid] h[ f> x is advisable = ! m$ical practition] :o prescribes electricity to sanction its adm9i/ration by ! pati5ts !mselves4 ,:ile !re is no d\bt t ! mo/ explicit directions w (t5 be misund]/ood1 or fail 9 be+ correctly c>ri$ out1 yet x w\ld be practically impossible 7to say no?+ ( ! exp5se to ! pati5t7 = any m$ical man to himself apply electricity daily = a l5g!n$ p]iod2 & we are compell$1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to d our be/ 9 in/ruct+ "s "o att5dant ( ! pati5t h[ to c>ry out ! treatm5t1 mak+ h] d ?is a few times 9 our pres5ce1 & look+ %>ply aft] h] aft]w>ds1 & 9 addition expla9+ ev]y?+ z fully z possible to ! pati5t1 or ! pati5t's fri5ds4 ,moreov]1 we mu/ n lose sight ( ! fact t1 ) electricity z ) o!r rem$ies1 ! skill ( ! physician is %[n 9 det]m9+ h[1 :51 & 9 :at dose to adm9i/] x1 & 8 judgm5t 9 select+ ^? cases 9 :i* its adm9i/ration may be wisely committ$ to o!rs4 ,9 conclusion1 ,g5tlem51 all[ me to ?ank y = ! att5tion ) :i* y h li/5$ to ^! imp]fect ,lectures4 ,i fe> t ,i h fail$ 9 do+ full ju/ice to _! subject2 b ,i tru/ t ,i h succe$$ 9 indicat+ ! importance ( electricity1 z a supplem5t to1 n z a sub/itute =1 ! m ord9>y res\rces ( !rapeutics3 9 remov+ any d\bt z to ! class ( cases call+ = its employm5t2 9 supply+ any want ( in=mation reg>d+ details ( its application2 & especially 9 prov+ its claim to be m fully employ$ 9 y\r daily practice4 ,a !oretical belief 9 its efficacy is widespread 9 our pr(ession1 its frequ5t use is yet 9 ! future1 b ,i hope a n di/ant future4 ,g5tlem51 ) y re/s ! decision :e!r ?is %all or %all n be4 ,y w decide x n by ! dictum ( any speciali/1 b by ! g5]al voice ( ! pr(ession1 decl>+ y\r v]dict z f\nd$ alone on y\r own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,s9ce writ+ z above1 9 #ahgc1 our k ( ! b5eficial effects ( ,frankl9ism has be5 v l>gely add$ to & ! improv$ app>atus1 describ$ at page #aj1 has enabl$ ! treatm5t to be conduct$ ) a degree ( precision & success impossible ) ! comp>atively imp]fect in/rum5ts 9 use at t date4 ,,sn3 ,importance ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! ,positive & ,negative ,*>ge ( ,frankl9ism4 ,dr4 ,radcliffe has cont5d$ = _m ye>s t ! effect ( a *>ge ( positive electricity diff]s altoge!r !rapeutically f t ( a negative *>ge2 & ,giacom9i 7quot$ by ,du*5ne#ae7 attributes a hypo/h5ic influ5ce to ! negative *>ge4 ,he cont5ds t ?is *>ge is d]iv$ f ! n]ves ( ! pati5t in/ead ( f ! gr\nd z is ! positive *>ge1 & x is rank$ by ! ,italian ,s*ool among _! mo/ valuable hypo/h5isants4 ,accord+ to ,giacom9i ! 8pati5t is de-electriz$1 is consequ5tly depriv$ ( a great] or less quantity ( a /imulant analog\s to heat & und]goes a real hypo/h5isant effect4 ,erysipelat\s tissues may be se5 to become blan*$ "u its influ5ce1 & *ronic inflammations und]go an unque/ionable improvem5t4 ,heada*es & neuralgic pa9s h be5 in/antly reliev$ by ?is k9d ( electric flux z by ! application ( ice1 :i* ab/racts heat1 & p]haps at ! same "t electricity also40 ,9 ref]5ce to ! above x has be5 prov$ by v>i\s physici/s t ! natural electrical n]ve curr5t is /r5g!n$ by ! positive *>ge1 & weak5$ by ! negative--& h5ce x w\ld seem to be e/abli%$ t ,dr4 ,radcliffe's cont5tion is ! "r "o2 & t ^! two *>ges are lit]ally 8wide z _! poles asund]0 n only physically1 b !rapeutically1 & ?is div]g5ce is m important :5 we recall to m9d t :5 a pati5t is insulat$1 n only does ! electricity accumulate ^u ! surface ( ! sk9 b t ! :ole body is saturat$ ) x z a sponge may be ) wat]4 ,,sn3 ,frankl9ization 9 ,conditions ( ,debility4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce ! positive *>ge has be5 ( great good z a mo/ pot5t re/or] :5 ! organism f any cause has become enfeebl$4 ,9 ! g5]al weakness ( old age x w\ld seem to h be5 b5eficial ^u sev]al occasions 9 resuscitat+ vital action & 9 imp>t+ new =ce & en]gy4 ,i h also us$ x ) ! be/ results 9 conditions ( debility foll[+ acute diseases1 z = example 9 convalesc5ce f fev]s2 9 cases ( g5]al pro/ration f ov]work or anxiety--& 9 "s cases ( ph?isis & o!r wa/+ diseases4 ,9 c]ta9 v>ieties ( m5tal disease--notably melan*olia--x is (t5 ( s]vice1 & 9 c]ebral anmia1 9 a/hma1 9 invet]ate insomnia1 & 9 all functional ut]9e irregul>ities x %\ld be employ$ be=e1 n aft]1 all o!r !rapeutic ag5cies h be5 exhau/$4 #ae ,see 8,du*5ne on ,localiz$ ,electrization10 ,engli% ,edition1 page #d4 ,*ur*ill4 #af ,9 ! treatm5t ( ,neuralgia by ! con/ant curr5t ! electrodes %\ld be s appli$ z to include betwe5 !m ! "p or n]ve affect$--! numb] ( cells ! highe/ numb] t c be borne )\t pa91 i4e41 ! curr5t to be di/9ctly b n pa9fully felt1 bo? electrodes be+ immovable4 ,,sn3 ,electricity 9 ,neuralgia4 ,"t1 five to t5 m9utes4 ,frequ5cy1 z (t5 z ! attacks ( pa9 recur4 ,i am satisfi$ t 9 sev]e cases ?is rule ( application is ess5tial--t ! influ5ce ( ! curr5t %all be ma9ta9$ z mu* z may be 9 ! irritable n]ve dur+ ! int]vals ( pa94 ,9 "o case "u my c>e ! pati5t 0 galvaniz$ ) b5efit #bg times 9 ! #bd h\rs2 b 9 mild] cases "o or two applications daily w g5]ally suffice4 ,a weak curr5t f two or ?ree cells--! electrodes be+ appli$ to ea* temple = "o or two m9utes--w sometimes dissipate a sev]e heada*e4 ,?is soo?+ influ5ce ( ! curr5t is (t5 useful 9 allay+ ,,spasm1 z1 = example1 9 spasmodic torticollis4 ,! curr5t %\ld be localiz$ 9 ! irritable muscles3 & x is g5]ally advisable to en]getically ,f>adize _! antagoni/s & to conjo9 ) ! electrical treatm5t appropriate gymna/ic ex]cises1 alt]nat+ ) p]iods ( p]fect re/4 ,i may m5tion t ! only record$ case ( improvem5t 9 t rem>kable condition ( spasm fir/ describ$ by ,hammond "u ! "n ( ,a!tosis result$ f ! ,voltaic curr5t4 ,! case 0 br\ght be=e ! ,m$ico-,*irurgical ,society by ,dr4 ,g[]s1 & is publi%$ 9 ! #di? volume ( _! ,transactions4 ,! read] w f9d ! subject ( neuralgia v exhau/ively consid]$ 9 ,dr4 ,an/ie's "w4#ag ,he quotes "s extremely sev]e cases 9 :i* ! effect ( ,electrization 0 to arre/ ! pa9 9 a few sitt+s1 & to procure a remission = sev]al days or ev5 weeks2 & ,i h _h sev]al cases :i* ,i believe to h be5 z fairly cur$ z an ague fit may be said to be cur$ by qu99e4 ,dr4 ,russell ,reynolds also quotes ! case ( a pati5t1 a lady1 :o = tw5ty ye>s _h suff]$ f an extremely sev]e neuralgia ( ! oph?almic bran* ( ! fif? n]ve1 :i* recurr$ daily & f :i* h] heal? _h greatly suff]$4 ,x 0 n only reliev$ b remov$ by a s+le application4 #ag 8,neuralgia & ! ,diseases t resemble x40 ,by ,francis ,e4 ,an/ie1 ,m4,d41 c4 ,london3 ,macmillan & ,co4 #ahga4 #ah ,electrolysis is1 ( c\rse1 *iefly applicable to tum\rs :i*1 f _! nature or situation1 are difficult or impossible to be remov$ by ! knife2 &1 p]haps1 also to malignant tum\rs2 = :e!r or n ! ,voltaic curr5t ex]ts a special de/ructive influ5ce ^u diseas$ g]ms1 x seems c]ta9ly prov$ t !re is a less frequ5t return ( canc]\s gr[?s remov$ by its ag5cy ?an by ord9>y op]ative proc$ures or by cau/ics4 ,,sn3 ,electrolysis ( ,tum\rs4 ,?is treatm5t ( malignant tum\rs by electrolysis is yet sub judice1 b ! evid5ce 9 its fav\r has rec5tly mu* accumulat$1 & its full & exhau/ive trial by compet5t obs]v]s possess+ ! opportunities ( l>ge hospital practice ought n to be mu* long] delay$4 ,,sn3 ,electrolysis ( ,malignant ,tum\rs4 ,neftel1 ( ,new ,york1 :o is its *ief advocate1 cont5ds t malignant tum\rs are at fir/ entirely local1 & he expla9s _! recurr5ce1 aft] removal by ! knife1 f ! fact ( ! impossibility ( ! :ole ( ! diseas$ mass be+ excis$1 z app>5tly heal?y p>ts :5 microscopically exam9$ %[ t !y h already become infect$4 ,electrolysis he consid]s acts n only on ! tum\r b also on ! surr\nd+ tissues1 ! curr5t be+ diffus$ to "s di/ance 9 all directions4 ,aft] electrolysis he applies a mild & n pa9ful curr5t = f a qu>t] to half an h\r daily to ! locus morbi1 & cont9ues ?is = "s mon?s4 ,9 "o ( 8 cases a mamm>y tum\r exi/$ ( ! size ( a small orange4 ,?ree ne$les1 f ! negative pole ( ?irty-five cells1 7 ins]t$ = half an h\r "u *lor(orm1 & ! op]ation 0 repeat$ ?rice at int]vals ( a week1 daily ext]nal galvanization be+ also us$4 ,! tum\r gradually became small]1 & at la/ disappe>$1 b ext]nal treatm5t 0 cont9u$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,at ! end ( a ye> !re _h be5 no relapse4 ,9 ano!r case1 9 :i* ! tum\r _h be5 excis$ by ,m>ion ,sims1 x reappe>$1 & 0 aga9 remov$ by ! same surgeon1 & pron\nc$ canc]\s4 ,x aga9 reappe>$ & 0 !n electrolyz$1 ^u ?ree occasions1 by two1 ?ree1 & f\r ne$les respectively1 & ) a curr5t gradually increas$ f t5 to ?irty cells4 ,! tum\r by degrees grew less1 & 9 ?ree mon?s 0 entirely disp]s$2 :ile1 :5 ! pati5t di$ f ano!r disease ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds1 !re _h be5 no recurr5ce4 ,,sn3 ,aneurismal ,electro-puncture4 ,electrolysis has be5 successfully employ$ 9 sev]al cases ( aneurism4 ,:]e pressure & ligature admit ( application1 x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to !m2 b _m int]nal aneurisms1 & especially aortic aneurisms1 _c be ?us treat$1 & 9 su* cases ! "q ( electro-puncture %\ld be c>efully consid]$1 &1 :5 call$ =1 x %\ld n be too long delay$4 ,two f9e1 %>p1 & c>efully insulat$ ne$les1 "o connect$ ) ea* pole1 %\ld be introduc$ into ! aneurismal sac1 & ! curr5t all[$ to pass = f half an h\r to an h\r1 ! ne$les c>efully )drawn1 & _! punctures cov]$ ) a bit ( l9t soak$ 9 collodion or /yptic colloid4 ,au?orities are divid$ z to ! k9ds ( aneurism calculat$ = electro-puncture1 b !re is no d\bt ?an an aneurism press+ on ! p>ietes1 b n hav+ actually p]=at$ !m1 is ! be/ adapt$ = ?is treatm5t1 & t x is contra-indicat$ :]e ! sac is ( l>ge size1 or :]e l>ge trunks issue f x4 #ai ,! foll[+ is an illu/rative case3-- ,a lady1 =ty-"o ye>s ( age1 _h suff]$ f "r hemiplegia = eighte5 mon?s1 & describ$ h] condition z hav+ rema9$ )\t improvem5t = ! pa/ six mon?s4 ,%e _h recov]$ suffici5tly to walk ) ! aid ( a /ick1 b ! movem5ts ( ! arm 7 v weak1 especially ^? ( ! deltoid1 ext5sors ( ! f+]s1 & individual muscles ( ! h&4 ,f>adic contractility 0 some:at l[]$1 b !re 0 no rigidity4 ,! muscles 7 c>efully ,f>adiz$ ) a curr5t j suffici5tly /rong to produce _! contraction4 ,! entire application occupi$ ab\t fifte5 m9utes1 & 0 made once daily4 ,aft] a =tnight's electrization %e 0 able to raise ! arm to a "r angle ) ! body1 & to use ! h& to fe$ h]self1 nei!r ( :i* _h %e be5 able to d be=e treatm5t4 #bj ,! foll[+ is an extract f ,dr4 ,/urge's ,report ( ! results ( treatm5t at ! ,national ,hospital = ! ,p>alyz$ & ,epileptic3-- 8,9 ! division ( ,muscul> ,atrophies "s /rik+ cases h occurr$1 & 9 all ( ^! ! improvem5t is ma9ly due to ! electrical treatm5t prescrib$4 8,a pati5t1 ) atrophy ( "s ( ! muscles ( bo? arms ( six mon?s' /&+1 :i* incapacitat$ h] f dress+ h]self or cutt+ h] food1 or do+ mu* h\sehold "w1 0 dis*>g$ at ! end ( ?ree & a half mon?s1 able to fe$ & dress h]self1 sew1 & p]=m almo/ any dome/ic duty4 8,ano!r woman1 ) atrophy ( ! muscles ( ! =e>m ( sev]al ye>s' /&+1 & :o 0 simil>ly incapacitat$ f almo/ all use ( ! h&s1 w5t out1 aft] a mon?'s treatm5t1 able to dress & fe$ h]self1 & to p]=m _m actions t 7 be=e impossible = h]4 8,a man came to ! hospital ) atrophy ( _m muscles 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 m especially 9 ! left arm1 :i* he 0 unable to move f ! side4 ,he w5t out able to lift 8 arm well ov] 8 head1 & ) mu* increas$ /r5g? 9 ! limb4 8,ano!r man1 9 a v simil> condition1 0 also greatly b5efit$2 & :]eas on admission he c\ld b>ely b5d ! "r arm at ! elb[1 aft] ?ree mon?s' treatm5t he 0 able to use a hamm] ) ! arm40 ,,index4 ,ba?1 ,electric1 #db ,batt]y1 ,accessories (1 #ce ,f>adaic1 #bi ,hospital ,comb9$1 #cc ,portable1 #ah ,voltaic1 #bj ,voltaic1 ,ess5tials (1 #bg ,cautions 9 ,electriz+ ,facial ,muscles1 #he ,cells1 ,voltaic1 #ah ,conduct+ ,cords1 #ce 8,con/ant ,curr5t10 importance ( exactitude 9 adm9i/]+1 #eb ,cords1 ,conduct+1 #ce ,curr5t1 ,con/ant1 ,radcliffe's ,v>iety (1 #da ,deg5]ative ,n]ve ,reaction1 #ff ,diagnosis betwe5 ,real & ,feign$ ,disease1 #fg ( ,c5tral ,p>alysis1 #ff ,electro1 #fb ( ,p]iph]al f ,c5tral ,disease1 #fe ( ,hy/]ical ,p>alysis1 #fg ( ,sp9al ,p>alysis1 #ff ,dis*>g]s1 ,improv$1 #af ,electricity z ,pro( ,positive ( ,dea?1 #fg ,electricity 9 ,diagnosis1 #fb ,v>ieties (1 #e ,me?ods ( apply+1 #cg ! ,galvanomet] z an aid to ! ,dosage (1 #bb ,electrization1 #ga z a ,con/ant ,curr5t1 #gb z a ,/imulant1 #gb ,c5tral1 #dd ,cutane\s1 #ec ,direct1 #di 9 ,diseases ( ,wom51 #ij ,effects ( ^u ,nutrition1 #gb 9 ,fatigue ,diseases1 #gd 9 ,g5]al ,debility1 #hj ,g5]al effects (1 #gi 9 ,hemiplegia1 #he ,indirect1 #ej 9 ,locomotor ,ataxy1 #hh ,muscul> ,rule =1 #hc 9 ,m5tal ,diseases1 #hi 9 ,neuralgia1 #gc 9 ,p>alysis1 ,atrophic1 #ha 9 ,p>alysis1 #hj 9 ,p>aplegic ,con/ipation1 #hh 9 ,p>alysis1 ,emotional1 #hh 9 ,p>alysis1 ,infantile1 #ha 9 ,p>aplegia1 #hh 9 ,p>alysis ( ,n]ves ( ,special ,s5se1 #ib 9 ,po/-p>tum ,hmorrhage1 #ia 9 ,p>alysis1 ,traumatic1 #hd ,localiz$1 #dd 9 ,wa/+ ,palsy1 #he ( ,auditory ,n]ve1 #eg ( ,bladd]1 #ee ( ,bra91 #ef ( ,c5tral ,organs1 #eg ( ,int]nal ,organs1 #ed ( ,l>ynx1 #ee ( ,male ,g5ital ,organs1 #ee ( ,ocul> ,muscles1 #eg possesses an influ5ce sui g5]is1 #gd precautions 91 #ei ( ,rectum1 #ed ,re/orative ,p[] (1 #gd ( ,ret9a1 #eg ( ,sp9al ,cord1 #eg ( ,sympa!tic1 #ef ( ,ut]us1 #ee ,electrical ,/atic ,ma*9e1 #g1 #aj ,/atic ,ma*9e ) ,fly-:eel1 #ab ,w9t]'s ,ma*9e1 #h ,electrolysis ( ,tum\rs1 #gf 9 ,aneurisms1 #gg ,ne$les =1 #eh ,electrotonus1 #ge ,eng9e1 ,gas1 ,bis*(f's1 #i ,f>adism1 #bh ,f>adization1 ,g5]al1 #dc ,frankl9ism1 #f ,frankl9ization1 #fh by ,sp>ks1 #af ,di/9ction betwe5 ,positive & ,negative ,*>ge (1 #gj 9 ,conditions ( ,debility1 #ga 9 ,emotional ,aphonia1 #fi 9 ,facial ,neuralgia1 #fh 9 ,facial ,spasm1 #fh 9 ,sciatica1 #fh 9 ,localiz$ ,excessive ,s5sitiv5ess1 #gj 9 ,tremor1 #gj ,modes ( ,g5]at+1 #g1 #ae ,galvanism1 see ,voltaism ,galvanization1 ,c5tral1 #dd ,galvanomet] z an aid to ! ,dosage ( ,electricity1 #bb ,irritability1 ,electro1 #fb ,f>ado1 #fc ,voltao1 #fc ,electro1 ,dim9i%$1 #fd ,electro1 ,increas$1 #fe ,voltao1 ,increas$1 #fe ,p>alysis1 ,importance ( ,e>ly ,electrical ,treatm5t 91 #hb ,rigid ,=ms (1 #hd ,rheophores1 ,diff]5t ,k9ds (1 #dg ,voltaic ,cells1 #ah ,curr5t1 ,resolv5t ,effects (1 #gf ,voltaism1 #ag & ,f>adism1 ,po9ts ( ,di/9ction betwe51 #ah ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,& ,,co4 ,,london ,,& ,,ed9burgh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,publication4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s ! treatm5t ( ,diseases ( ! ,n]v\s ,sy/em has gr[n up into a recognis$ speciality 9 ! ,m$ical ,pr(ession4 ,rec5t inve/igations1 physiological1 cl9ical1 & pa?ological1 h ca/ a flood ( light ^u its /udy1 & x possesses--z a sep>ate field ( practice--,special ,hospitals1 & a volum9\s & rapidly ext5d+ lit]ature4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! ,au?or1 al?\gh fully consci\s ( ! extreme difficulty ( pres5t+1 )9 a small compass1 an adequate view ( our pres5t k1 feels t a concise introduction to neuro-pa?ology may n be unacceptable to /ud5ts & junior practition]s4 ,x w be 8 endeav\r to give ! results ( ! be/ "w by ! _m di/+ui%$ physicians1 bo? ,engli% & ,=eign1 :o h s completely made ?is dep>tm5t ( m$ic9e _! own2 to imp>t z mu* practical in=mation z possible2 to give an analysis ( ! pr9ciples :i* ought to gov]n our treatm5t ( diseases ( ! ,n]v\s ,sy/em2 & to direct especial att5tion to ! importance ( e>ly diagnosis4 ,he hopes to omit no?+ really ess5tial1 & to make ! "w a safe & tru/wor?y guide to ! practice ( ! speciality ^u :i* x w treat4 ,,london3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,*ur*ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,price #es41 #ce ,,in*es ,,by #ba ,,in*es4 ,) #bj ,illu/rations1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,map ,,( ,ziemss5's ,motor ,po9ts ( ! ,human ,body 7,a ,,guide ,,to ,,localiz$ ,,electrization74 ,,by ,,h]b]t ,,tibbits1 ,m4,d41 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,translat$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,dr4 ,,tibbits4 ,"p ,i4 #hvo1 pp4 #cbb1 price #gs4 #f;d41 ) #ib ,illu/rations1 & ,notes & ,additions by ! ,translator1 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,localiz$ ,,electrization1 ,,& ,,its ,,applications ,,to ,,pa?ology ,,& ,,!rapeutics4 ,by ,dr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,,du*5ne 7,,de ,,b\logne74 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,m$ical ,electricity4 ,! ,physiological & ,!rapeutic ,prop]ties ( ,/atic1 ,galvanic1 & ,induc$ ,electricity4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4--,localiz$ ,electrization4 ,! ,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,proc$ure 9 ! ,local ,application ( ,electricity2 7a7 ( ,galvanic ,electricity 7,galvanization72 7b7 ( ,induc$ ,electricity 7,f>adization74 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4--,hi/orical & ,critical ,obs]vations ^u ! ,pr9cipal ,me?ods ( ,electrization3 7a7 ,electro-puncture2 7b7 ,electrization by ,reflex ,action2 7c7 ,!rapeutic ,value ( ,localiz$ ,f>adization2 & 7d7 ( ,galvanization4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4--,electro-,m$ical ,in/rum5ts1 ) reg>d to _! ,application 9 ,pa?ology1 ,physiology1 & ,!rapeutics4 ,! ,fir/ ,"p ( ,du*5ne's "w is devot$ to ,,me?odology1 ,,& ,,is ,,complete ,,9 ,,itself4 ,! admirable selection by ,dr4 ,poore f ,du*5ne's ,cl9ical ,works 7publi%$ by ! ,new ,syd5ham ,society7 r5d]s unnecess>y any fur!r publication 9 ext5so ( ,du*5ne's mo/ volum9\s treatise4 8,du*5ne's great "w has = ye>s held its place z ! mo/ complete on ! subject ( :i* x treats1 & ,dr4 ,tibbits1 by pres5t+ u ) an ,engli% v]sion ( ! =?com+ ,?ird ,edition1 has e>n$ ! gratitude ( ! pr(ession 9 ?is c\ntry4 8444 ,! read] w f9d himself s ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! m$ical employm5t ( electricity1 z well z 9 all ! me?ods ( apply+ x1 t ! "w c h>dly fail l>gely to increase ! use ( ?is p[]ful & (t5 valuable ag5t4444 ,! translation itself is v cr$itable1 & reads ) almo/ z mu* smoo?ness z orig9al ,engli% composition1 :ile ! exp]i5ce ( ! translator 9 ! ,electrical ,room ( ! ,national ,hospital gives great value to 8 notes & additions4 ,we are happy to congratulate him ^u hav+ s f> accompli%$ an und]tak+ ( mu* utility40--,! ,lancet4 8,we h to congratulate ,dr4 ,tibbits ^u 8 successful lab\rs ?us f>4 ,?is in/alm5t promises t ! results ( ! be/ subsequ5t "w w be incorporat$ into ,du*5ne's own treatise ) s mu* judgm5t & adequacy z to make ?is ,edition an indep5d5t /&>d4444 ,! t5tative & accurate _s ( ! ma/] has f\nd its k9 9 ! _s ( 8 foll[]1 & we see little 9 ! "w ( ei!r op5 to cavil or correction40--,briti% & ,=eign ,m$ico-,*irurgical ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$1 ) #ie ,illu/rations1 #is4 ,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,m$ical ,,surgical ,,electricity ,,by ,,h]b]t ,,tibbits1 ,m4,d41 ,,etc4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,electricity & ,electro-,m$ical ,in/rum5ts4 ,,ii4--,! ,application ( ,electricity4 ,,iii4--,electricity z an aid to ,diagnosis4 ,,iv4--,electricity 9 ,m$ic9e4 ,v4--,electricity 9 ,surg]y4 ,,vi4--,electricity 9 ,midwif]y & ! ,diseases ( ,wom54 ,op9ions ( ! ,m$ical ,press4 8,?is "w fills up a hiatus 9 ! lit]ature ( m$ical electricity4 ,x purposes to tea* 7to use ! words ( ! preface7 #8! busy practition] n only :5 to use electricity1 b 9 explicit & full detail h[2' & 9 #8mod]ate bulk to conta9 only :at x is ess5tial to ma/]4' ,dr4 ,tibbits' object has be5 to give ! results ( ! be/ "w1 & to ?is end he has avail$ himself freely ( ! l>ge exp]i5ce ( ! ,electrical ,room ( ! ,national ,hospital = ! ,p>alys$ & ,epileptic4 8,! "w is :at x pr(esses to be1 & is a h&book 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! "w4 ,! book1 inde$1 answ]s ?or\ghly to ! au?or's description3 t he has #8?r\gh\t endeav\r$ to keep con/antly 9 view ! practition] r ?an ! !ori/1' especially 9 po9ts ( detail :i* are ( importance 9 ord] to secure ! successful application ( electricity1 & to insure 7a n insignificant matt] 9 ?is respect7 ! com=t ( ! pati5t40--,! ,lancet4 8,!re is n a ^w ( exagg]ation1 or ( fanciful hypo!sis 9 ! book1 &1 above all1 !re is n ! lea/ sugge/ion t !re is aft] all a my/]y beh9d1 & t ! read] w\ld d well to come to an exp]t = advice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ev]y?+ is made s cle> t any practition]1 :e!r he previ\sly knew any?+ ( electricity or n1 may f ?is book at once beg9 ! practical use ( x1 & if !re are any l+]+ d\bts 9 ! m9ds ( "s ultra-cons]vative p]sons z to ! practical value ( electrical treatm5t1 ?is book %\ld dispel !m4444 ! busie/ practition] c1 )\t difficulty1 le>n h[ to effect a l>ge am\nt ( good :i* he 0 previ\sly q unable ev5 to attempt40--,! ,practition]4 8,z ,m$ical ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,national ,hospital = ! ,p>alys$ & ,epileptic1 z well z ?r\gh private practice4 ,dr4 ,tibbits has _h ample opportunities ( /udy+ ! application ( electricity to m$ic9e1 & 9 ! volume "u notice1 :i* aims pr9cipally at giv+ full & explicit details )9 conv5i5t limits1 h[ to use electricity1 we are b\nd to say ?is object is fairly c>ri$ out40--,! ,dubl9 ,j\rnal ( ,m$ical ,sci5ce4 8,! exact value ( electricity z a !rapeutic ag5t is imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,t x is ( great value 9 "s cases z a means ( improv+ nutrition1 reliev+ pa91 & ex]cis+ disus$ muscles1 is und\bt$1 b /ill its exact value 9 all cases rema9s to be settl$1 & 9 ,dr4 ,tibbits' book we f9d a guide :i* w1 at all ev5ts1 help u to a solution ( "s ( our difficulties4--,! ,m$ical ,times & ,gazette4 8,dr4 ,tibbits1 :o is kn[n z an au?ority ^u electricity1 has writt5 a concise book ^u ?is subject = ! g5]al practition]1 embrac+ only ! valuable "p ( ! exi/+ k4 ,! "w is writt5 9 a cond5s$ /yle1 & is well adapt$ = ! practition] :o does n make a specialty ( electrical treatm5t40--,! ,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 ,,london3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,*ur*ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,directions ,,= ,,us+ ,,! ,,hammond ,wall ,cab9et ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,! ,,waite ,,b>tlett ,,man',f',g ,,co41 #adc ,ea/ #bc;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,galvanic ,,curr5t4 ,to use ! galvanic curr5t place ! ends ( ! conduct+ cords 9 ! two b9d+ po/s m>k$ #ac-ac4 ,place ! socket ( curr5t selector 7#bj7 on ! p9 m>k$ ,o1 & turn ! lev] ( selector on p9 ,no4 #a1 or on any numb]1 accord+ to ! numb] ( cells desir$2 at ! same "t see t all ! swit* lev]s are on _! blank buttons1 except ! "o at left ( curr5t selector1 :i* %\ld be on its left-h& button m>k$ ,con/ant4 ,if x is desir$ to use cells f any o!r "p ( ! s]ies1 place ! socket on ! p9 f :i* x is desir$ to beg91 & hav+ previ\sly mov$ ! lev] ahead ( ?is p9 move x along until ! desir$ numb] ( cells int]v5es betwe5 socket & lev]4 ,! numb] ( cells 9 circuit :5 ! socket is n on ,o1 b on a p9 ) a numb]1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! numb] ( ! p9 & numb] on :i* ! lev] re/s1 = in/ance1 if socket is on p9 #ab & lev] on p9 #bb1 !n #aj cells are be+ us$1 ! />t+ po9t be+ #ab cells f any "p ( ! s]ies may ?us be br\ght into ! circuit4 ,if socket be plac$ on p9 #ci & lev] on p9 #dj !n ! #dj? cell w\ld be 9 use only4 ,always keep ! socket on ! l[e/ numb] & ! lev] on ! highe/1 z putt+ socket ahead ( lev] w\ld rev]se ! curr5t4 ,%\ld1 ?r\gh any accid5t1 a cell become disconnect$ or run d[n1 or %\ld x get out ( ord] f any cause1 x is only necess>y to %ort-circuit ! cells & ?r[ ! milli-amp]e-met] 9 circuit by adju/+ ! swit* #aj4 ,by plac+ ! socket on ! p9 m>k$ ,o & select+ cell aft] cell ) ! lev]1 ! defective cell is easily f\nd by ! milli-amp]e-met] fail+ to deflect :5 ! p9 correspond+ to ! defect is rea*$4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,,! ,,int]rupt$ ,,galvanic ,,curr5t4 ,to obta9 ! int]rupt$ galvanic curr5t1 move ! swit* at left ( selector on to button m>k$ int]rupt$1 !n turn ! swit* j above ! vibrator on to its button m>k$ #aa1 by adju/+ ! screws at #ad & #ae ! prop] degree ( vibration w be obta9$4 ,x is necess>y t ! po9t ( ! screws at #ae %\ld t\* ! plate ) e vibration z ! curr5t passes ?r\gh at ?is po9t & unless x t\*es1 connections w\ld n be made4 ,,to ,,measure ,,! ,,resi/ance ,,( ,,! ,,pati5t4 ,to measure ! resi/ance ( ! pati5t turn ! lev] at ! left ( selector on to ! button #h m>k$ milli-amp]e-met] & wire rheo/at4 ,suppos+ him to h ! electrodes 9 8 h&s & a curr5t f #cj cells regi/]s #h milli-amp]es2 )\t *ang+ any o!r conditions1 ?r[ ! upp] left-h& lev] #aj on button m>k$ rheo/at & milli-amp]e-met] only4 ,! pati5t w n[ be ?r[n out & ! ne$le w fly ar\nd z f> z x c g4 ,beg9 by ?r[+ 9 resi/ance1 :i* is done by manipulat+ ! top r[ ( lev]s1 until ! ne$le :i* w h retrac$ its c\rse re/s directly ov] ! division m>k$ #h milli-amp]es or :atev] may h be5 ! previ\sly record$ am\nt4 ,! numb]s on uncov]$ buttons add$ toge!r w be ! resi/ance ( ! pati5t4 ,! kn[n resi/ance hav+ tak5 ! place ( ! pati5t4 ,! upp] left-h& lev] %\ld at all times except = purposes ( measur+ ! resi/ance ( a pati5t1 be kept on its blank button1 or ! batt]y w be %ort circuit$ & injur$4 ,,! ,,pole ,,*ang]4 ,! pole *ang+ lev] above ! two po/s m>k$ #ac-ac1 :5 press$ betwe5 ! two "r-h& spr+s makes ! "r-h& b9d+ po/ positive1 & :5 press$ betwe5 ! two left-h& spr+s ! left-h& po/ becomes positive & ! "r negative4 ,,graphite ,,rheo/at4 ,:5 ! left-h& lev] is plac$ on button #i x ?r[s ! graphite rheo/at 7#af7 into circuit4 ,to use ! rheo/at fir/ draw up ! rod 7#ag74 ,by sl[ly press+ ! rod d[n ?r\gh ! graphite x gradually less5s ! resi/ance !reby increas+ ! curr5t )\t %ock to ! pati5t4 ,) ?is rheo/at y c place any numb] ( cells 9 ! circuit4 ,,! ,,de ,,watteville ,,swit*4 ,! de ,watteville swit* is plac$ directly above ! pole *ang] is us$ = obta9+ ei!r ! galvanic or ! f>adic curr5t sep>ately or ! two comb9$4 ,:5 ! d\ble lev] re/s on figure #a & #c ! galvanic alone c be us$2 c :5 on #c & #e ! f>adic c be alone us$ & :5 on #b & #d ! two curr5ts are comb9$ & us$ )\t *ang+ ! conduct+ cords4 ,,! ,,f>adic ,,app>atus4 ,! ,f>adic app>atus ( ?is cab9et comb9es a fa/ & sl[ int]rupt] also a s+le contact key4 ,! /yle ( coil us$ is ! ,du ,bois-,raymond4 ,to use ,prim>y coil1 place ! two tips on ends ( conduct+ cords into ! two b9d+ po/s 9 front ( ! coil1 ! o!rs be+ connect$ ) any desir$ electrodes4 ,! /r5g? is increas$ by draw+ ! coil to ! ,"r1 fir/ plac+ swit* at "r end ( coil on button m>k$ ,p4 ,to use ! second>y coil remove ! tips ( cords f prim>y po/s2 !n place ! ends ( cords 9 ! two b9d+ po/s #ac-ac & place swit* on "r end ( coil on button m>k$ ,s4 ,to increase ! /r5g? ( second>y1 pu% coil to ! ,left gradually1 :i* is j ,opposite to :at is done 9 case ( prim>y curr5t4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,int]rupt]4 ,to use ! rapid int]rupt] :i* works aga9/ ! end ( core x is only necess>y to adju/ ! screw ,f1 & any degree ( vibration may be obta9$4 ,! same may be said ( ! sl[ int]rupt] :i* is adju/$ by ! screw ,d1 b x is fur!r controll$ by ! slid+ weight at ,e4 ,by slid+ ! weight up & d[n ! int]ruptions are v>i$ f v sl[ to rapid4 ,! high] ! weight ! sl[] ! int]ruptions & vice-v]sa4 ,at button ,g1 is ! 8s+le contact0 us$ 9 obta9+ s+le impulse contractions4 ,! diff]5t int]rupt]s may be plac$ 9 circuit by a swit* on ! base ( ! ,cab9et :i* works ov] a s]ies ( buttons m>k$ ,s1 ,f & ,c :i* put 9 op]ation ! sl[1 fa/ or s+le contact int]rupt]s1 z desir$4 ,,directions ,,= ,,connect+ ,,cells4 ,fill ! cells accord+ to ! directions on ! cell label1 & connect ! wires ( ! cable to ! cells1 z %[n 9 ! cut2 ,no4 ,o be+ atta*$ to z9c ( ! fir/ cell1 ,no4 #a to ! c>bon ( ! fir/ cell1 :ile at ! same "t ! c>bon ( ! fir/ cell connect$ to ! z9c ( ! second cell by /rip f ! c>bon ( cell1 ,no4 #b wire ( ! cable to ! c>bon ( ! second cell1 & s on1 ! la/ wire be+ connect$ to ! c>bon ( ! la/ cell1 z %[n by ,no4 #dj4 ,! two wires m>k$ f>adic %\ld be connect$ z %[n1 ! f\r cells be+ plac$ 9 two r[s ( two ea*1 ! z9cs & c>bons be+ connect$ toge!r z %[n 9 diagram4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ea* *apt] & relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4 ,ref]5ces 9 ! text to illu/rations h be5 /&>diz$4 ,sid5otes orig9ally appe>+ ne> ! />t ( a p>agraph are position$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! p>agraph2 sid5otes 9 ! middle ( long p>agraphs are position$ ne> ! relevant s5t5ces4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4