public doma9 mat]ial f ! ,google ,books 
project47                               
,,! ,,mal?usian ,,h&book                
,design$ to induce ,m>ri$ ,p to         
,limit _! ,families )9 _! ,means4       
,,price ,,sixp5ce4                      
,,london3                     ,w4 ,h4   
,,reynolds1 ,,new ,,cross1 ,s4,e4       
#d? ,edition4--#ahih4                   
,,introduction4   ,9 e civilis$ ,/ate ! 
problem ( pov]ty is "o :i* presses =    
solution4 ,9 "s ,european c\ntries x    
has1 at times1 locally assum$ a critical
 & m5ac+ =m1 ?reat5+ ! v f\ndations ^u  
:i* society is bas$4 ,revolutions h     
sprung f ! fact t p ne$$ food & c\ld n  
obta9 x2 &1 ev5 9 our own highly favor$ 
l&1 hone/1 indu/ri\s m5 are (t5 driv5 to
 despair because !y c nei!r get "w nor  
food4  ,occasional outbreaks &          
demon/rations1 h[ev]1 are by no means ! 
true measure ( national pov]ty4 ,b5ea? !
 glitt]+ surface ( society !re lies a   
see?+ mass ( want & mis]y4 ,! victims   
suff] 9 sil5ce & make no sign1 b _!     

exi/5ce con/itutes a p]man5t dang] to ! 
g5]al welf>e4 ,de/itution is 9 numb]less
 in/ances ! p>5t ( crime & pro/itution1 
) _! *a9 ( disa/r\s consequ5ces2        
ov]cr[d+1 semi-/>vation & squalor are ! 
fruitful s\rces ( disease :i* scruples n
 to travel beyond its bir?place & to    
infect ! homes ( ! weal?y4 ,mod]n       
society may be fitly comp>$ to a        
magnific5t palace re>$ 9 a miasmatic    
swamp1 :i* fills ! air ) its dea?-deal+ 
exhalations4 ,no cunn+ artifices (      
build]s or eng9e]s c af=d protection 9  
su* a case4 ,9 l mann]1 society _c hope 
to escape f ! influ5ces :i* make =      
corruption & ultimate dissolution :il/ x
 suff]s pov]ty to rema9 9 its mid/4  ,x 
is1 inde$1 unnecess>y to insi/ ^u !     
evils & ! national dang]s aris+ f       
pov]ty2 = !y are admitt$ ^u all h&s4 ,! 
problem is3 ,h[ c pov]ty be aboli%$8 ,^u
 ?is vital po9t op9ions diff] widely4 ,!
 evil is s complex & _m-sid$ t obs]v]s  
are apt to be misl$ by a p>tial view ( !
 symptoms4 ,= example1 a total ab/a9]1  

conc5trat+ 8 att5tion ^u in/ances 9 :i* 
pov]ty has be5 br\ght ab\t by excessive 
indulg5ce 9 alcoholic liquors1 urges t  
dr9k is ! cause ( pov]ty4 ,! ,sociali/  
asks ,:y are ! _m poor8 & answ]s t !    
rem$y consi/s 9 ! nationalisation ( l& &
 ! in/rum5ts ( production1 ! abolition (
 competition1 etc4 ,o!rs attribute !    
exi/5ce ( pov]ty to idl5ess or to want (
 ?rift among/ ! work]s4 ,9 no case1     
h[ev]1 is ! alleg$ cause equal to !     
palpable effect2 & x is necess>y to     
ext5d ! enquiry 9 ano!r direction if we 
are to discov] ! cause :i*1 above &     
beyond all o!rs1 produces ! want & mis]y
 t ev]ybody desires to remove4  ,!      
purpose ( ?is little "w is1 fir/1 to %[ 
t an excessive increase ( population is 
! s\rce f :i* ^! evils arise4 ,9 !      
second place1 ! means by :i* population 
may be kept "u control w be expla9$1 = x
 is useless to w>n p ( a dang] if !y are
 kept 9 ignorance ( ! means by :i* x may
 be avoid$4 ,above all1 x is to ! poor t
 ?is k mu/ be convey$1 =1 z we %all %[ 9

 ! foll[+ pages1 ! indig5t class        
multiplies f> m rapidly ?an ! well-to-d1
 & x is ^u !mselves t ! consequ5t mis]y 
necess>ily falls4  ,exp]i5ce tea*es t   
almo/ all ! ills :i* afflict mank9d c be
 obviat$ by a c>eful /udy ( nature & by 
conduct bas$ ^u due obs]vance ( natural 
laws4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ignorance m5 mu/   
/umble into _m pitfalls2 b 9 ! cle>     
light ( reason & k !y c disc]n ! pa? :i*
 leads to fre$om & happ9ess4         ,,!
 ,,mal?usian ,,h&book4   ,,*apt] ,i4    
,,mal?us ,,& ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,population4
   ,if x be desir$ to discov] a rem$y = 
an admitt$ evil1 ! fir/ /ep mu/         
necess>ily be to asc]ta9 its cause4 ,all
 s*emes = ! mitigation ( ! effects (    
pov]ty mu/ 9 ! long run end 9 failure1  
no matt] h[ ambiti\s may be ! und]tak+s 
( ^? :o engage 9 ?is futile "w4 ,!      
capta9 ( a s9k+ vessel does n conf9e 8  
att5tion to ! pumps1 he seeks )\t delay 
to /op ! inru% ( wat]4 ,& 9 deal+ ) ! "q
 ( pov]ty x is ess5tial t its root-cause
 be discov]$ be=e any hope ( arriv+ at a

 solution ( ! problem c reasonably be   
ent]ta9$4  ,an enquiry into ! facts (   
nature w %[ t all =ms ( vegetable &     
animal life are capable ( reproduc+     
!mselves 9 almo/ b\ndless pr(usion4     
,d>w91 9 8 "w on ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1  
po9ts ?is out ) ! greate/ cle>ness4 ,he 
says3 ,!re is no exception to ! rule t e
 organic be+ naturally increases at s   
high a rate t1 if n de/roy$1 ! e>? w\ld 
soon be cov]$ ) ! prog5y ( a s+le pair4 
,ev5 sl[-bre$+ man has d\bl$ 9          
tw5ty-five ye>s2 & at ?is rate1 9 a few 
?\s& ye>s1 !re w\ld lit]ally n be       
/&+-room = 8 prog5y4 ,l9nu has calculat$
 t if an annual plant produc$ only two  
se$s--& !re is no plant s unproductive z
 ?is--& _! se$l+s next ye> produc$ two1 
& s on1 !n1 9 tw5ty ye>s !re w\ld be a  
million plants4 ,aft] giv+ ! example ( !
 sl[-bre$+ elephant1 he cont9ues3 ,/ill 
m /rik+ is ! evid5ce f our dome/ic      
animals ( _m k9ds :i* h run wild 9 _m   
p>ts ( ! _w2 if ! /atem5ts ( ! rate (   
increase ( sl[-bre$+ cattle & horses 9  

,s\? ,am]ica1 & latt]ly 9 ,au/ralia1 _h 
n be5 well au!nticat$1 !y w\ld h be5    
incr$ible4 ,s x is ) plants3 cases c\ld 
be giv5 ( introduc$ plants :i* h become 
common ?r\gh\t :ole isl&s 9 less ?an t5 
ye>s4 ,sev]al ( ! plants1 su* z ! c>doon
 & a tall ?i/le1 n[ mo/ num]\s ov] !    
wild pla9s ( ,la ,plata1 clo?+ squ>e    
leagues ( surface almo/ to ! exclusion (
 all o!r plants1 h be5 introduc$ f      
,europe2 & !re are plants :i* n[ range 9
 ,india1 z ,i he> f ,dr4 ,falcon]1 f    
,cape ,comor9 to ! ,himalayas1 :i* h be5
 import$ f ,am]ica s9ce its discov]y4 ,9
 su* cases1 & endless in/ances c\ld be  
giv51 no "o supposes t ! f]tility ( ^!  
animals or plants has be5 sudd5ly &     
tempor>ily increas$ 9 any s5sible       
degree4 ,! obvi\s explanation is t !    
conditions ( life h be5 v favorable1 & t
 !re has consequ5tly be5 less de/ruction
 ( ! old & "y1 & t ne>ly all ! "y h be5 
able to bre$4 ,9 su* cases1 !           
geometrical rate ( increase1 ! result ( 
:i* nev] fails to be surpris+1 simply   

expla9s ! extraord9>ily rapid increase &
 wide diffusion ( naturalis$ productions
 9 _! new homes4 ,9 a /ate ( nature1    
almo/ e plant produces se$1 & among     
animals !re are v few t d n annually    
pair4 ,h5ce we may confid5tly ass]t t   
all plants & animals are t5d+ to        
increase at a geometrical ratio2 t all  
w\ld mo/ rapidly /ock e /ation 9 :i* !y 
c\ld anyh[ exi/1 & t ! geometrical      
t5d5cy to increase mu/ be *eck$ by      
de/ruction at "s p]iod ( life4  ,x 0 !  
obs]vation ( ?is /rik+ fact 9 nature :i*
 l$ an ,engli% cl]gyman1 ! ,rev4 ,?omas 
,b4 ,mal?us1 to /udy deeply ! "q (      
pov]ty1 & to =mulate z ! pr9ciple (     
population t :i* is n[ almo/ univ]sally 
reg>d$ z a law ( nature4 ,be=e he       
publi%$ 8 great "w ! view 0 g5]ally     
accept$ t ! weal? ( a c\ntry 0 9        
proportion to its population2 & /atesm5 
frequ5tly attempt$ to /imulate1 by !    
di/ribution ( b\nties to ! p>5ts (      
excessively l>ge families1 ! natural    
rate ( increase4 ,a few f>-sight$ m51   

su* z ! eld] ,mirabeau1 ,quesnay1 &     
,adam ,smi?1 p>tially p]ceiv$ ! true    
doctr9e2 b x rema9$ = ,mal?us to exam9e 
! "q 9 all its be>+s1 & to collect      
pati5tly & labori\sly an ov]:elm+ array 
( facts :i* e/abli%$ 8 cont5tion beyond 
all reasonable d\bt4 ,x w be well "h to 
give "s acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable man & ( !
 "w ) :i* 8 "n is indissolubly          
associat$4  ,?omas ,rob]t ,mal?us 0 born
 at ,dork+1 ,surrey1 9 #agff4 ,at ! age 
( ?irty-"o he became a ,fell[ ( ,jesus  
,college1 ,cambridge1 & %ortly aft]w>ds 
took ord]s1 (ficiat+ 9 a small village 9
 ,surrey4  ,9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? 
c5tury1 ! m9ds ( m5 9 ,engl& 7 p[]fully 
influ5c$ by ! great social upheaval tak+
 place 9 ,france1 & political views 9   
?is c\ntry 7 ent]+ ^u a new phase4 ,!   
rights ( man 7 com+ to be reg>d$ z      
some?+ m ?an a phrase1 & a g5]\s desire 
to promote ! welf>e ( ! p 0 gradually   
tak+ ! place ( selfi% indiff]5ce4       
,condorcet 9 ,france1 & ,william ,godw9 
9 ,engl&1 promulgat$ ! view t ! happ9ess

 ( mank9d dep5d$ *iefly ^u ! ju/ice (   
political in/itutions1 & t national     
welf>e c\ld be indef9itely promot$ by j 
gov]nm5t4 ,daniel ,mal?us 7! fa!r (     
,?omas ,rob]t71 a man ( sangu9e &       
romantic temp]am5t1 w>mly esp\s$ ! ideas
 set =? by ,godw91 & frequ5tly discuss$ 
! subject ) 8 son4 ,! y\ng] man1 h[ev]1 
by no means %>$ ! pat]nal en?usiasm1 &1 
foll[+ ! l9es sugge/$ by ,hume1 ,adam   
,smi?1 & o!r writ]s1 he ma9ta9$ t vice &
 mis]y 7 two p[]ful ob/acles to !       
improvem5t ( society1 & urg$1 fur!r1 t !
 t5d5cy ( mank9d to increase m rapidly  
?an ! means ( subsi/5ce gave rise to ^! 
evils4 ,8 argum5ts made a deep          
impression ^u ! m9d ( ,daniel ,mal?us1  
:o reque/$ 8 son to put !m 9 writ+4 ,?is
 0 accord+ly done1 & 9 #agih ,t4 ,r4    
,mal?us publi%$ ! fir/ edition ( 8 "w3  
,an ,essay on ! ,pr9ciple ( ,population1
 z x affects ! future ,improvem5t (     
,society2 ) ,rem>ks on ! ,speculations (
 ,mr4 ,godw91 ,mr4 ,condorcet & o!r     
,writ]s4 7,london3 #agih4 ,"o volume47  

,?is book ar\s$ a lively controv]sy1 !  
writ]'s !ories & conclusions be+ attack$
 & def5d$ by v>i\s writ]s4 ,! great     
int]e/ excit$ by 8 essay caus$ ,mal?us  
to enquire /ill m deeply into ! ph5om5a 
( pov]ty1 & he det]m9$ to travel ?r\gh  
,europe = ! purpose ( collect+ facts    
be>+ ^u ! subject4 ,9 #agii he visit$ ! 
cont95t1 pass+ ?r\gh ,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 & "p
 ( ,russia1 &1 lat]1 ,switz]l& & ,savoy4
 ,! results ( 8 rese>*es furni%$        
ov]:elm+ pro( ( ! accuracy ( 8          
cont5tion2 & 9 #ahjc he publi%$ a second
 & mu* enl>g$ edition ( 8 ,essay1 9 two 
volumes4 ,dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 life1      
,mal?us ?rice edit$ new editions ( 8 "w1
 :i* to ?is day rema9s ! greate/ monum5t
 ( 8 honorable c>e]4 ,he di$ on #bi?    
,decemb]1 #ahcd4  ,x is n int5d$ "h to  
give an exhau/ive analysis ( ,mal?us's  
,pr9ciple ( ,population4 #a ,we are     
conc]n$ only ) 8 !ory ( population & !  
conclusions to :i* t !ory po9ts4 ,!     
pr9cipal object ( ?is essay1 says !     
au?or1 is to exam9e ! effects ( "o great

 cause intimately connect$ ) ! v nature 
( man1 :i*1 ?\gh x has be5 con/antly &  
p[]fully op]at+ s9ce ! comm5cem5t (     
society1 has be5 little notic$ by !     
writ]s :o h treat$ ?is subject4 ,! cause
 to :i* ,i allude is ! con/ant t5d5cy 9 
all animat$ life to increase beyond !   
n\ri%m5t prep>$ = x4  ,dr4 ,frankl9 has 
obs]v$ t !re is no b\nd to ! prolific   
nature ( plants or animals b :at is made
 by _! cr[d+ & int]f]+ ) ea* o!r's means
 ( subsi/5ce4 ,7 ! face ( ! e>?1 he     
says1 vacant ( o!r plants1 x might be   
gradually s[$ & ov]spread ) "o k9d      
only--z1 = in/ance1 ) f5nel2 & 7 x empty
 ( o!r inhabitants1 x might 9 a few ages
 be repl5i%$ f "o nation only1 z1 =     
in/ance1 ) ,engli%m54  ,?is is          
incontrov]tibly true4 ,?r\gh ! animal & 
vegetable k+doms ,nature has scatt]$ !  
se$s ( life abroad ) ! mo/ pr(use &     
lib]al h&2 b has be5 comp>atively sp>+ 9
 ! room & ! n\ri%m5t necess>y to re> !m4
 ,! g]ms ( exi/5ce conta9$ 9 ?is e>?1 if
 !y c\ld freely develop !mselves1 w\ld  

fill millions ( worlds 9 ! c\rse ( a few
 ?\s& ye>s4 ,necessity1 t imp]i\s1      
all-p]vad+ law ( ,nature1 re/ra9s !m )9 
! prescrib$ b\nds4 ,! race ( plants & ! 
race ( animals %r9k "u ?is great        
re/rictive law1 & man _c by any ef=ts ( 
reason escape f x4  ,9 plants &         
irrational animals ! view ( ! subject is
 simple4 ,!y are all impell$ by a p[]ful
 in/9ct to ! increase ( _! species1 &   
?is in/9ct is int]rupt$ by no d\bts ab\t
 provid+ = _! (fspr+4 ,:]ev]1 !re=e1 !re
 is lib]ty1 ! p[] ( increase is ex]t$2 &
 ! sup]abundant effects are repress$    
aft]w>ds by want ( room & n\ri%m5t4     
,mal?us !n adduces evid5ce ( ! extremely
 rapid increase ( population among/     
mank9d "u conditions 9 :i* food is      
abundant & easily obta9able4 ,he        
calculates t population1 if un*eck$1    
goes on d\bl+ itself e tw5ty-five ye>s1 
or increases 9 a geometrical ratio4 ,b  
he po9ts out t ! food supply c by no    
means be increas$ ) equal facility4 ,ev5
 if x 7 possible 9 "o p]iod ( tw5ty-five

 ye>s to d\ble ! am\nt produc$1 !re is  
no reason to suppose t ! op]ation c\ld  
be repeat$ dur+ ! foll[+ tw5ty-five     
ye>s4 ,z ! dem& = food increas$1 less   
fruitful soils w\ld be tak5 into        
cultivation1 & ! additions t c\ld be    
made to ! =m] av]age produce w\ld be    
gradually & regul>ly dim9i%+4 ,mal?us !n
 makes ! foll[+ calculation3  ,let u    
suppose t ! ye>ly additions :i* might be
 made to ! =m] av]age produce1 in/ead ( 
decreas+1 :i* !y c]ta9ly w\ld d1 7 to   
rema9 ! same2 & t ! produce ( ?is isl&  
might be increas$ e tw5ty-five ye>s1 by 
a quantity equal to :at x at pres5t     
produces4 ,! mo/ en?usia/ic speculator  
_c suppose a great] increase ?an ?is4 ,9
 a few c5turies x w\ld make e acre 9 !  
isl& l a g>d54  ,if ?is supposition be  
appli$ to ! :ole e>?1 & if x be all[$ t 
! subsi/5ce = man1 :i* ! e>? af=ds1     
might be increas$ e tw5ty-five ye>s by a
 quantity equal to :at x at pres5t      
produces1 ?is w be suppos+ a rate (     
increase mu* great] ?an we c imag9e t   

any possible ex]tions ( mank9d c\ld make
 x4  ,x may fairly be pron\nc$1 !re=e1 t
 consid]+ ! pres5t av]age /ate ( ! e>?1 
! means ( subsi/5ce1 "u circum/ances !  
mo/ favorable to human indu/ry1 c\ld n  
possibly be made to increase fa/] ?an 9 
an ari?metical ratio4  ,! necess>y      
effects ( ^! two diff]5t rates (        
increase1 :5 br\ght toge!r1 w be v      
/rik+4 ,let u call ! population ( ?is   
isl& #aa1jjj1jjj 7,mr4 ,mal?us writes 9 
#ahjf71 & suppose ! pres5t produce equal
 to ! easy support ( su* a numb]4 ,9 !  
fir/ tw5ty-five ye>s ! population w\ld  
be #bb1jjj1jjj1 & ! food be+ also d\bl$1
 ! means ( subsi/5ce w\ld be equal to   
?is increase4 ,9 ! next tw5ty-five ye>s 
! population w\ld be #dd1jjj1jjj1 & !   
means ( subsi/5ce only equal to !       
support ( #cc1jjj1jjj4 ,9 ! next p]iod !
 population w\ld be #hh1jjj1jjj1 & !    
means ( subsi/5ce j equal to ! support (
 half t numb]4 ,& at ! conclusion ( !   
fir/ c5tury1 ! population w\ld be       
#agf1jjj1jjj1 & ! means ( subsi/5ce only

 equal to ! support ( #ee1jjj1jjj1 leav+
 a population ( #aba1jjj1jjj totally    
unprovid$ =4  ,n[ let u see h[ ?is      
/up5d\s possible p[] ( increase 9 !     
human race has be5 kept 9 *eck4  ,!     
positive *ecks 7i4e41 *ecks :i* h op]at$
 ?r\gh ! action ( natural laws7 to an   
excessive increase ( population         
compreh5d ! premature dea? ( *ildr5 &   
adults by disease1 />vation1 w> &       
infanticide4 ,nature has a %ort & %>p   
way ( deal+ ) h] sup]flu\s *ildr54      
,among/ savage tribes ! positive *ecks  
alone are br\ght into op]ation4 ,! pages
 ( human hi/ory teem ) tragic records ( 
fam9es decimat+ ! unhappy victims (     
ov]-population2 ( pe/il5ce /alk+ ?r\gh !
 l&1 slay+ its t5s ( ?\s&s2 ( w>s       
deva/at+ c\ntries & ov]:elm+ !          
inhabitants 9 ru91 mis]y & dea?4 ,9     
c]ta9 p>ts ( ! _w ! pangs ( hung] h     
de/roy$ 9 m5 & wom5 ! primal in/9ct (   
p>5tal love2 &1 9 ! fif? *apt] ( 8 "w1  
,mal?us %[s h[1 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1   
:]e ! possible expansion ( population 0 

extremely small1 ! frightful exp$i5t (  
infanticide 0 l>gely resort$ to by !    
inhabitants to *eck _! natural increase4
 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 ! pressure on ! means (
 subsi/5ce 0 s great t food became sc>ce
 at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 & de/ructive 
w>s ensu$4 ,capta9 ,vanc\v]1 visit+     
,otaheite = ! second "t 9 #agia1 f\nd t 
mo/ ( ! natives :om he _h kn[n f\rte5   
ye>s be=e _h p]i%$ 9 battle4  ,9 ! c\rse
 ( num]\s examples ( ! effects (        
ov]-population ^u ! condition ( ! masses
 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 ,mal?us gives a /rik+
 example ( ! appall+ mis]y to :i* ev5   
indu/ri\s labor]s 7 r$uc$ 9             
d5sely-peopl$ ,*9a4 ,he quotes ! words (
 a ,jesuit mission>y1 :o /at$ t a       
,*9aman w pass :ole days 9 digg+ ! e>?1 
sometimes up to 8 knees 9 wat]1 & 9 !   
ev5+ is happy to eat a little spoonful (
 rice1 & to dr9k ! insipid wat] 9 :i* x 
is boil$4 ,?is is obvi\sly an           
exagg]ation1 s9ce x w\ld be impossible  
to ma9ta9 life "u su* conditions2 b x   
s]ves to %[ ! deplorable /ate to :i* !  

work]s may be r$uc$ by excessive        
population4  ,x is unnecess>y "h to     
foll[ ,mal?us ?r\gh 8 exhau/ive survey (
 ! condition ( nations affect$ by       
ov]-population 9 v>i\s /ages ( ! _w's   
hi/ory4 ,our purpose is r to furni% an  
indication ( ! pr9ciple ?an to reproduce
 9 detail ! obs]vations ^u :i* x is     
bas$4 ,! mo/ concise =mula 9 :i* ! !ory 
( ,mal?us has be5 express$ is z foll[s3 
,t population has a con/ant t5d5cy to   
increase beyond ! means ( subsi/5ce4    
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,! ,,rem$y3 ,,old ,,&   
,,new4   ,! pr9ciple /at$ at ! end ( !  
prec$+ *apt] be+ assum$1 ! "q arises3   
,h[ c ! evils caus$ by ! con/ant t5d5cy 
t[>ds ov]-population be prev5t$8 ,!     
me?od :i* ,mr4 ,mal?us propos$ 0 !      
sub/itution ( ! prud5tial 7or           
bir?-re/rict+7 = ! positive 7or         
life-de/roy+7 *eck4 ,he advis$ late     
m>riage & celibacy z ! mo/ moral means (
 re/ra9+ population4 ,he urg$ t m5 %\ld 
wait until !y 7 9 a position to provide 
= a family be=e und]tak+ !              

responsibilities consequ5t ^u ! m>riage 
/ate4 ,he says3 ,our obligation n to    
m>ry till we h a fair prospect ( be+    
able to support our *ildr5 w appe> to   
des]ve ! att5tion ( ! morali/1 if x c be
 prov$ t an att5tion to ^! obligations  
is ( m effect 9 ! prev5tion ( mis]y ?an 
all ! o!r virtues comb9$2 & t if1 9     
violation ( ?is duty1 x 0 ! g5]al cu/om 
to foll[ ! fir/ impulse ( nature1 & m>ry
 at ! age ( pub]ty1 ! univ]sal preval5ce
 ( e kn[n virtue 9 ! greate/ conceivable
 degree w\ld fail ( rescu+ society f !  
mo/ wret*$ & deplorable /ate ( want1 &  
all ! diseases & fam9es :i* usually     
accompany x4  ,?is1 !n1 0 ! prud5tial   
*eck advocat$ by ,mal?us2 b s9ce 8 "t x 
has be5 p]ceiv$ t 8 rem$y is 9 itself ! 
cause ( evils sc>cely less t]rible ?an  
^? :i* x 0 design$ to remove4 ,fur!r1 x 
is "o :i*1 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1    
c\ld n possibly be put into practice2 = 
x assumes a p[] ( m5tal control ov] !   
sexual passion :i* exi/s 9 a            
comp>atively small numb] ( individuals4 

,! physiological evils aris+ f celibacy1
 &1 9 less] degree1 f prolong$ ab/5tion 
f m>riage1 are ( ! mo/ disa/r\s nature4 
,celibacy is necess>ily a condition (   
privation & suff]+1 s9ce x involves !   
delib]ate & incessant suppression ( !   
mo/ p[]ful in/9ct ( mank9d4 ,! pure &   
elevat+ joys ( w$d$ & family life are   
%ut out1 & exi/5ce is %orn ( its mo/    
delightful features4 ,! unselfi%        
pleasure ( promot+ ! happ9ess ( a lov$  
wife & *ildr5 is d5i$ to ! morbid &     
gloomy celibate1 doom$ to a solit>y &   
*e]less exi/5ce4 ,& ev5 :5 p]man5t      
celibacy is n contemplat$1 m>riage may  
be def]r$ until ! bloom & brightness (  
life are gone = ev]1 until delay &      
disappo9tm5t h s\r$ ! temp] & *ok$ !    
f\nta9 ( affection4  ,dr4 ,b]tillon1 (  
,p>is1 has prov$ conclusively by        
/ati/ics d]iv$ f ,france1 ,holl& &      
,belgium1 t m>ri$ p]sons1 especially    
males1 live mu* long] ?an s+le ones1 &  
are less liable to become insane1       
crim9al1 or vici\s4 ,x has be5 %[n t !  

m>ri$ /ate r$uces ! dang] ( insanity by 
ne>ly "o-half4 ,) reg>d to ! effects (  
celibacy ^u individuals1 ,dr4 ,holmes   
,coote is report$ 9 ! ,lancet to h said3
 ,no d\bt incont95ce is a great s92 b ! 
evils connect$ ) cont95ce are productive
 ( f> great] mis]y to society4 ,any     
p]son c\ld be> witness to ?is :o has _h 
exp]i5ce 9 ! w>ds ( lunatic asylums4  ,9
 addition to ! p]sonal ills aris+ f     
celibacy1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t late      
m>riage directly enc\rages pro/itution1 
! mo/ hide\s blot ^u our social /ate4   
,mal?us1 inde$1 laid great /ress ^u !   
duty ( *a/ity :il/ "y m5 7 engag$ 9     
accumulat+ ! means to enable !m to m>ry 
& re> a family lat] 9 life4 ,he might z 
fitly h prea*$ to ! :irlw9d1 or exhort$ 
! /orm to mod]ate its viol5ce4 ,! p[] ( 
re/ra9t is giv5 to b few m52 &1 ev5 :5 t
 re/ra9t c be ex]cis$1 x is only at !   
co/ ( mu* suff]+ & physical & moral     
detrim5t4  ,! lat] s*ool ( ?9k]s1 :il/  
adopt+ ! pr9ciple =mulat$ by ,mal?us1   
prop\nd an inf9itely bett] me?od (      

compass+ ! end :i* he _h 9 view4 ,!y    
advocate e>ly m>riage & limit$ families4
 ,x is n necess>y t "y m5 & wom5 %\ld   
sacrifice ! y\? & fre%ness ( _! lives 9 
ord] t !y may m>ry :5 ! ev5+ %ad[s are  
l5g!n+ ar\nd !m4 ,! bless+s ( dome/ic   
com=t1 ( intimate companion%ip & (      
family love are op5$ to !m 9 ! noontide 
( life1 :5 ! possibility ( enjoym5t is  
at its highe/ po9t4 ,mrs4 ,annie ,besant
 says3 ,to be 9 h>mony ) nature1 m5 &   
wom5 %\ld be husb&s & wives1 fa!rs &    
mo!rs1 & until nature evolves a neut]   
sex celibacy w ev] be a m>k (           
imp]fection4444 ,no "o :o desires       
society to be happy & heal?y %\ld       
recomm5d late m>riage z a cure = !      
social evils ar\nd u4 ,e>ly m>riage is  
be/1 bo? physically & morally2 x gu>ds  
purity1 s(t5s ! affections1 tra9s !     
he>t1 & pres]ves physical heal?2 x      
tea*es ?\ght = o!rs1 g5tl5ess &         
self-control2 x makes m5 g5tl] & wom5   
brav] f ! contact ( _! diff]+ natures4  
,! *ildr5 t spr+ f su* m>riages--:]e n  

foll[+ ea* o!r too rapidly--are m       
vigor\s & heal?y ?an ^? ( middle-ag$    
p>5ts2 & 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature !    
p>5ts ( su* *ildr5 live long en\gh to   
see !m make _! />t 9 life1 to aid1      
/r5g!n1 & c\nsel !m at ! beg9n+ ( _!    
c>e]4  ,m$ical sci5ce has %[n t ! size (
 families is absolutely "u ! control (  
p>5ts1 if !y w b ex]cise a reasonable   
degree ( c>e & =e?\ght4 ,a "y c\ple may 
n[ ent] ! m>riage-/ate )\t misgiv+3 = ! 
numb] ( _! (fspr+ c be regulat$ 9       
proportion to _! means z surely z !y c  
det]m9e ! am\nt ( _! exp5diture ^u clo?+
 or luxuries4  ,?us ! tea*+s (          
,mal?usianism1 comb9$ ) ! lat]          
developm5t ( innoc5t prud5tial *ecks1   
op5 up b\ndless possibilities = !       
improvem5t ( social conditions4 ,:5 !   
law ( population--a law ( nature--is    
cle>ly und]/ood1 x becomes possible =   
man1 by ! ex]cise ( 8 reason1 to control
 its op]ation1 j z he con/ructs dykes to
 protect 8 crops f floods1 or div]ts !  
lightn+ h>mlessly into ! gr\nd4  ,let u 

see1 !n1 h[ ! g5]al adoption ( !        
,new-,mal?usian pr9ciple ( e>ly m>riage 
& limit$ families w\ld affect ! welf>e (
 individuals & ( ! nation at l>ge4  ,! k
 ( prud5tial *ecks imm5sely increases ! 
possibility ( happ9ess = e man & woman  
^: means are limit$4 ,m>riage ceases to 
be a haz>d\s ent]prise1 :i* may br+ 9   
its tra9 liabilities t]ribly out (      
proportion to ! p[] ( meet+ !m4 ,! husb&
 is reliev$ f anxiety le/ 8 *ildr5 may  
increase :il/ 8 ability to provide      
suitably = !m rema9s a fix$1 or ev5     
dim9i%+1 quantity4 ,! wife ne$ no long] 
dread ! burd5 ( cont9ual *ild-be>+ & !  
incessant s]vitude ( dome/ic drudg]y4   
,h[ mu* ( ! drunk5ness t exi/s among/ ! 
work+-class is due to ! discom=t ( a    
cr[d$ & *e]less home6 ,! husb&1 we>i$ ) 
8 day's toil1 returns to 8 n>r[ lodg+s  
to f9d 8 wife1 h>ass$ & s\r$ by ! petty 
c>es ( a l>ge family1 %>p 9 temp] &     
tongue4 ,! t5d] romance ( c\rt%ip is    
dispell$ by ! nev]-end+ r\nd ( h\sehold 
slav]y1 ) ! con/ant ne$ ( mak+ bo? ends 

meet1 ( contriv+ t e sixp5ce %all d ! "w
 ( a %ill+4 ,& ov] all !re hangs !      
haunt+ fe> t sickness or loss (         
employm5t may disable ! bread-w9n]1 & t 
! wolf ( hung]1 ev] wait+ outside1 may  
%[ 8 fangs )9 ! door4 ,little cause is  
!re = wond] t 9 _m cases ! swee!>t (    
happi] days becomes a %rew & slatt]n1 or
 t ! toil-worn husb& flies to ! ru9\s   
joys ( ! tap-room 9 a va9 attempt to    
escape f ! vexations t surr\nd him 9 8  
home4  ,& :at ( ! *ildr58 ,!y are at    
once ! innoc5t cause & ! helpless       
victims ( ! mis]y t encompasses !m4 ,!  
wage t w\ld amply provide = two or ?ree 
is inadequate = ! prop] support ( sev5  
or eight1 & _! little frames suff] f    
insuffici5t n\ri%m5t4 ,! ov]burd5$ "m _c
 be/[ ^u s l>ge a flock ! lov+ c>e &    
att5tion t *ildr5 ne$ = _! prop]        
physical & m5tal developm5t4 ,?us !y gr[
 up 7if haply !y survive71 enfeebl$ 9   
m9d & con/itution1 transmitt+ to ! next 
g5]ation _! own defects 9 an aggravat$  
=m4  ,x is among/ ! v poore/ ( our      

fell[-creatures t we see ! horrors (    
ov]-population 9 _! mo/ he>tr5d+ aspect4
 ,9 ! squalid c\rts & alleys ( our great
 cities ! dismal /ream ( *ild-life is   
con/antly at high-wat] m>k4 ,! p>5ts1   
ignorant & hopeless1 call\s by reason ( 
_! daily contact ) mis]y1 increase &    
multiply in/9ctively1 z d ! bea/s ( !   
field4 ,among/ ! poor ! bir?-rate is    
7broadly speak+7 d\ble z high z t ( !   
ri*] classes4 ,a few ye>s ago !         
bir?-rate 9 weal?y ,k5s+ton 0 #bj p]    
#a1jjj2 9 ! poor di/rict ( ,be?nal ,gre5
 x 0 #dj p] #a1jjj4 ,?is deplorable /ate
 ( ?+s is n peculi> to ,great ,brita93 x
 prevails1 ) slight v>iations z to      
details1 9 all s-call$ civilis$         
c\ntries4  ,b ! bir?-rate tells only    
"o-half ( ! pite\s tale3 x is !         
dea?-rate :i* completes ! measure (     
human suff]+ caus$ by ! ins5sate        
increase ( population4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8   
address to ! ,association ( ,sanit>y    
,inspectors 9 #ahhh1 ,sir ,edw9 ,*adwick
 /at$ t among/ ! g5try & pr(essional    

p]sons ! dea?s ( *ildr5 "u five ye>s (  
age 9 ,brighton =m$ #hic p] c5t4 ( !    
total dea?s1 :ile among ! wage-e>n+     
class !y =m$ #dedd p] c5t4 ,he also said
 t 9 ,brighton ! mean 7or av]age7 age at
 dea? = wage-e>n]s is #bhh ye>s2 = ! ri*
 x is #fc ye>s4 ,dr4 ,playfair has %[n t
 #ah p] c5t4 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! upp] class1 
#cf p] c5t4 ( ^? ( ! tradesman class1 & 
#ee p] c5t4 ( ^? ( ! workm5 die be=e !y 
rea* ! age ( five ye>s4  ,"h we see !   
pa9ful positive or natural *ecks to     
population at "w 9 our v mid/4 ,dea? /&s
 ) 8 sword & ru?lessly /rikes out !     
r$undant lives4 ,:at p5 c picture !     
frightful suff]+ indicat$ by ! figures  
giv5 above8 ,! "m's pangs ( *ild-bir?3  
h] protract$ agony ( grief z %e wat*es !
 ravages ( disease ^u ! weakly frame (  
h] ill-f$1 ill-clo!d1 ill-t5d$ babe3 !  
la/ dread sc5e :5 dea? releases f its   
mis]y ! *ild t %\ld nev] h be5 call$    
into exi/5ce6 ,?is squalid trag$y is    
enact$ a ?\s& times2 & ! up%ot ( x all  
is five hundr$ little c(f9s ha/ily ?ru/ 

into ! e>?4  ,& :at ( ^? t survive8 ,"h 
& !re "o may rise above 8 fell[s 9 !    
/ruggle = exi/5ce2 b ! va/ majority ( ^?
 :o pass ?r\gh ! valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea? 
em]ge into a labori\s & joyless exi/5ce4
 ,( ! males a section w drift into      
paup]ism or crime2 _m ( ! females w be  
driv5 by want to ! %ameful traffic (    
pro/itution4 ,! hone/ & indu/ri\s are   
doom$ to a life ( incessant toil &      
privation2 & ) _! num]\s (fspr+ w beg9  
ano!r cycle ( ! obscure trag$y4  ,9 ?is 
way1 ! nation ev] r5ews )9 itself !     
elem5ts ( its own weakness & despair4 ,!
 "q ( ! unemploy$ is ultimately a "q (  
ov]-population2 & wages are r$uc$ by !  
competition1 "o aga9/ ano!r1 ( desp]ate 
m5 seek+ bread = _! wives & families4   
,trade ,unions & o!r =ms ( comb9ation   
may p>tially & tempor>ily improve !     
condition ( a section ( ! work]s2 b 9 ! 
long run e advance 9 com=t is ov]tak5 & 
swall[$ up by ! increase ( population   
/imulat$ by prosp]ity4  ,?us1 unless !  
tea*+s ( ,new-,mal?usianism be g5]ally  

act$ ^u1 pov]ty w rema9 a p]man5t       
feature ( society2 &1 z we h already    
said1 ! elem5t ( pov]ty is a con/ant    
m5ace to ! community at l>ge4 ,! /r5g? (
 a *a9 is t ( its weake/ l9k4 ,! weal?1 
luxury1 & ref9em5t ( society exi/ ^u a  
frail t5ure if ! desp]ation ( ! poore/  
class is suff]$ to pass a c]ta9 limit4  
,hi/ory has %[n u ! civilisation (      
c5turies ext+ui%$ by hordes ( b>b>ians1 
driv5 by hung] f _! /]ile l&s4 ,9 ,p>is1
 dur+ times ( revolution>y excitem5t1 ! 
,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e p\rs =? its ?\s&s (
 gaunt & tatt]$ spectres to make w> ^u  
society4  ,prud5ce 9 ! matt] (          
population1 !n1 is se5 to be ! only way 
( cons]v+ ! mo/ valuable & progressive  
elem5ts 9 human society4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r
 c\ntries1 ! apo/les ( ! new tea*+ h be5
 confront$ by ! prejudices h&$ d[n f    
previ\s g5]ations2 & 9 ! succe$+ *apt]  
we %all trace ! hi/ory ( ! ,mal?usian   
movem5t 9 ,engl& & abroad4              
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,! ,,mal?usian         
,,movem5t ,,9 ,,engl&4   ,= _m ye>s aft]

 ! publication ( ,mr4 ,mal?us's great   
essay1 ! pr9ciple :i* he _h =mulat$ did 
n pass beyond ! region ( m or less      
academic controv]sy4 ,! !ory (          
population 0 d5\nc$ f c\ntless pulpits &
 assail$ by ! p5s ( ready writ]s2 b1 be+
 bas$ ^u a pati5t & accurate obs]vation 
( ! facts ( nature1 x rema9$ un%ak5 :5 !
 prea*]s & critics 7 =gott54  ,x w\ld be
 absurd to d\bt t s important a         
contribution to social sci5ce influ5c$ !
 m9ds & help$ to %ape ! conduct (       
?\ghtful m52 b x is beyond "q t no      
organis$ attempt to popul>ise &         
propagate ! tea*+s ( ,mal?us1 & to make 
kn[n ! nature ( prev5tive *ecks among/ !
 p ( ?is c\ntry1 0 und]tak5 until ! ye> 
#ahgg4 ,9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury1      
,ri*>d ,c>lile publi%$ a small pamphlet 
on ! subject2 b !re is no reason to     
suppose t its effect 0 appreciable4 ,mr4
 ,francis ,place & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,dale    
,ow5 9 lat] ye>s wrote essays embody+   
practically ! mod]n ,mal?usian view4  ,9
 #ahcc1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,kn[lton1 ( ,bo/on  

7,u4,s4,a471 issu$ a small "w on !      
subject ( population1 entitl$ ,! ,fruits
 ( ,philosophy4 ,= ov] =ty ye>s ! book 0
 sold 9 ,engl&1 b its sale 0 s small t v
 few p 7 ev5 acqua9t$ ) its title1 & x  
rema9$ 9 its native obscurity until x 0 
dragg$ into ! light ( day by ! =tunate  
folly ( p]sons :o imag9$ t x 0 possible 
to *eck ! spread ( moral enlight5m5t by 
means ( legal repression4  ,9 #ahgf a   
police prosecution 0 in/itut$ aga9/ a   
man 9 ,bri/ol = sell+ ,! ,fruits (      
,philosophy1 & a conviction 0 obta9$4 ,9
 ! foll[+ ye> ! publi%] ( ! pamphlet 0  
also indict$ & committ$ = trial2 b he 0 
lib]at$ on promis+ t he w\ld no long]   
issue ! "w4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh &    
,mrs4 ,annie ,besant !reupon und]took ! 
task ( def5d+ ! "r ( publication4 ,!y   
repr9t$ & publi%$ ! pamphlet1 =mally    
invit+ ! au?orities to prosecute !m4 ,x 
0 = ! sake ( free discussion t we       
publi%$ ! assail$ pamphlet :5 its =m]   
sell] yield$ to ! pressure put ^u him by
 ! police2 x 0 n s mu* 9 def5ce ( ?is   

pamphlet1 z to make ! way possible =    
o!rs deal+ ) ! same topic t we risk$ !  
p5alty :i* has fall5 ^u u4 #b  ,! police
 au?orities accept$ ! *all5ge1 & a      
prosecution 0 imm$iately comm5c$4 ,!    
trial1 :i* la/$ f\r days1 took place 9 !
 ,c\rt ( ,que5's ,b5*1 be=e ,"l ,*ief   
,ju/ice ,cockburn & a special jury4 ,sir
 ,h>d+e ,gif=d 7!n ,solicitor-,g5]al71  
,mr4 ,d\glas ,/raight & ,mr4 ,mead      
appe>$ = ! prosecution2 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 
& ,mrs4 ,besant appe>$ 9 p]son4  ,!     
indictm5t *>g$ ! def5dants ) hav+       
publi%$ & sold an obsc5e book1 ) int5t  
to contam9ate & corrupt public morals4  
,! au?or ( ,! ,fruits ( ,philosophy     
advocat$ e>ly m>riage ) limitation (    
families1 & ref]r$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 "w to  
su* prev5tive *ecks z 7 kn[n at t "t4 ,!
 ,solicitor-,g5]al1 9 op5+ ! case1 s\ght
 to p]suade ! jury t ,dr4 ,kn[lton      
speci\sly us$ t l9e ( argum5t z a       
disguise & pretext = sugge/+ illicit    
int]c\rse )\t risk ( pregnancy ensu+4   
,an indignant rebuke f ,sir ,alex&]     

,cockburn caus$ ! ,solicitor-,g5]al to  
ab&on t l9e ( false sugge/ion1 & to fall
 back ^u ! cont5tion t x 0 illegal to   
issue a "w conta9+ a *apt] on           
re/riction1 n writt5 9 any le>n$        
language1 b 9 pla9 ,engli%1 9 a facile  
=m1 & sold 444 at sixp5ce4 ,he !re=e    
ask$ ! jury to decl>e t ! book 0 an     
obsc5e publication4  ,! spee* ( !       
,solicitor-,g5]al & 8 g5]al conduct ( ! 
case are matt]s ( trivial importance2 ! 
notable features ( ! trial 7 ! addresses
 ( ! two def5dants & ! summ+-up by ! ,"l
 ,*ief ,ju/ice4 ,mrs4 ,besant's spee* to
 ! jury 0 a rem>kable & memorable ef=t4 
,%e exam9$ & discuss$ ! population "q 9 
e aspect1 cont5d+ t1 9 view ( ! evils   
aris+ f excessive increase1 ! advocacy (
 prud5tial me?ods 0 a sacr$ duty to     
humanity4 ,9 ! op5+ passages ( h] spee* 
%e po9t$ out1 9 ! mo/ impressive mann]1 
t %e plead$ = ! welf>e ( o!rs3       ,x 
is n z def5dant t ,i plead to y         
to-day--n simply     z def5d+ myself d  
,i /& "h--b ,i speak z c\nsel     =     

hundr$s ( ! poor1 & x is !y = :om ,i    
def5d ?is     case4 ,my cli5ts are      
scatt]$ up & d[n ?r\gh ! l5g?     &     
bread? ( ! l&2 ,i f9d !m among/ ! poor1 
among/     :om ,i h be5 s mu*2 ,i f9d my
 cli5ts among/ ! fa!rs1     :o see _!   
wage ev] r$uc+1 & prices ev] ris+2 ,i   
f9d my cli5ts among/ ! mo!rs worn out ) 
ov]-frequ5t     *ild-be>+1 & ) two or   
?ree little ones ar\nd too "y     to    
gu>d !mselves1 :ile !y h no "t to gu>d  
!m4 ,x     is en\gh = a woman at home to
 h ! c>e1 ! clo?+1     ! tra9+ ( a l>ge 
family ( "y *ildr5 to look to2     b x  
is a h>d] task :5 (t5times ! "m1 :o %\ld
     be at home ) h] little ones1 has to
 g out & "w 9 !     fields = wage to fe$
 !m :5 h] pres5ce is ne$$ 9 !     h\se4 
,i f9d my cli5ts among ! little *ildr54 
,g5tlem51     d y "k ! fate ( s _m ( ^! 
*ildr58--! little     ones half-/>v$    
because !re is food en\gh = two b n     
en\gh = twelve2 half-clo!d because ! "m1
 no matt] :at     h] skill & c>e1 _c    
clo! !m ) ! money br\ght     home by !  

breadw9n] ( ! family2 br\ght up 9       
ignorance1     & ignorance means        
paup]ism & crime--g5tlem51 y\r happi]   
circum/ances h rais$ y above ?is suff]+1
 b on y     also ?is "q presses2 = ^!   
ov]-l>ge families mean     also increas$
 poor-rates1 :i* are gr[+ heavi] ye> by 
ye>4 ,^! poor are my cli5ts1 & if ,i    
we>y y by l5g?     ( spee*1 z ,i fe> ,i 
may1 ,i d s because ,i mu/ ?9k ( !m     
m ev5 ?an ,i ?9k ( y\r "t or tr\ble4    
,) righte\s indignation ,mrs4 ,besant   
repell$ ! accusation t ,! ,fruits (     
,philosophy 0 an obsc5e publication4 ,%e
 %[$ by a quotation f ,"l ,campbell's   
,act 7^u :i* ! prosecution 0 bas$7 t !  
/atutory def9ition ( obsc5ity c\ld n    
possibly be appli$ to a book conta9+ dry
 physiological details put =w>d 9 dry1  
te*nical language4 ,%e next proce$$ to  
urge t ! "r ( free discussion ^u matt]s 
( public welf>e 0 really attack$ by !   
prosecution3       ,d y1 g5tlem51 ?9k = 
"o mom5t t myself & my     co-def5dant  
are fight+ ! simple "q ( ! sale or      

publication ( ?is sixp5ny volume ( ,dr4 
,kn[lton's8 ,d y     ?9k t we w\ld h    
plac$ ourselves 9 ! position 9     :i*  
we are at ! pres5t mom5t = ! m]e pr(it  
to be     d]iv$ f a sixp5ny pamphlet (  
=ty-sev5 pages8 ,no1 x     is no?+ ( !  
sort2 we h a mu* l>g] int]e/ at /ake1   
& "o ( vital int]e/ to ! public1 "o :i* 
we %all sp5d     our :ole lives 9 try+  
to uphold4 ,! "q really is "o (     ! "r
 to public discussion by means (        
publication1 & t     "q is b\nd up 9 !  
"r to sell ?is sixp5ny pamphlet     :i* 
! ,solicitor-,g5]al despises on acc\nt (
 its price4   ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be        
impossible to give1 by extracts (       
reasonable l5g?1 an adequate idea ( !   
/rik+ & eloqu5t spee* :i* ,mrs4 ,besant 
address$ to ! jury 9 h] def5ce4 ,! :ole 
"q ( ov]-population & its consequ5ces 0 
exam9$ ) ! greate/ c>e & complet5ess4   
,pr(\ndly conv9c$ ( ! ju/ice ( h] cause1
 ,mrs4 ,besant plead$ t ! tea*+s (      
,new-,mal?usianism1 by mak+ e>ly m>riage
 possible1 promot$ happ9ess & morality4 

,%e said3       ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 ,i may   
fairly put x t e "y man     naturally   
desires to make a home & ent] ^u m>ri$  
life     :5 fir/ he comes out into ! _w4
 ,i d n believe t     any "y man sets   
out ) ! int5tion ( ru%+ into fa/        
life & dissipation1 b m5 are frequ5tly  
drawn into habits     ( t k9d because !y
 fe> ! results t foll[ f     e>ly       
m>riage4 ,s9ce ,i am told t our object  
is to increase     immorality1 & t we   
only use ! ^w m>riage to conceal     !  
f\le/ designs ^u ! purity ( society1 ,i 
may say freely     t ,i hold e>ly       
m>riages to be ! v salvation ( "y m51   
& especially ( "y m5 9 our l>ge cities4 
,i hold ! belief     ) a dep? (         
conviction :i* ,i _c put to y 9 words1  
t = "o man & "o woman to help1 com=t1 & 
support     "o ano!r1 :i* !y are by     
nature adapt$ to d1 is a /ate     :i* is
 to be rea*$1 :i* is to be p]petuat$1 by
 m>riage     & 9 no o!r way4 ,x is only 
by companion%ip1 & ! union     betwe5 a 
man & a woman1 t ?is is possible4 ,%ut a

 man out     f ! lov+ influ5ce ( home1 !
 gold5 in/itutions (     ! fireside1 8  
wife's society1 & ! happ9ess ( becom+   
a fa!r1 & y induce a life ( pr(ligacy4  
,g5tlem51 d n     be deceiv$4 ,!re is no
 talk 9 ?is book ( prev5t+ m5 &     wom5
 f becom+ p>5ts2 all t is s\ght "h is to
 limit     ! numb] ( _! family4 ,& we d 
n aim at t because     we d n love      
*ildr51 b1 on ! contr>y1 because we d   
love !m1 & because we wi% to prev5t !m f
 com+ into     ! _w 9 great] numb]s ?an 
!re is ! means ( prop]ly     provid+ =4 
,*ildr51 ,i believe1 h an influ5ce ^u   
p>5ts     purify+ 9 ! highe/ degree1    
because !y tea* ! p>5ts                 
self-re/ra9t1 self-d5ial1 ?\ghtfulness1 
& t5d]ness to an     ext5t t _c possibly
 be ov]-e/imat$2 & x is because     ,i  
wi% to h x made possible = "y m5 & = "y 
wom5     to h ^! influ5ces br\ght to be>
 ^u !m 9 _! y\?1     t ,i advocate !    
circulation ( a book t w put )9     _!  
rea* ! k ( h[ to limit ! ext5t ( _!     
families )9 _! capabilities ( provid+ = 

!m2 =     no man c look ) pride &       
happ9ess ^u 8 home if he has     m      
*ildr5 ?an he c clo! & educate4 ,x is   
because ,i wi%     !m to m>ry 9 !       
spr+time ( _! y\? t ,i ask y by     y\r 
v]dict 9 ?is action to make discussion  
on ^! subjects     possible1 & t m5 %\ld
 n be driv5 to f9d a sub/itute     =    
true & pure womanhood & wifehood 9 o!r  
directions4 ,if     y r5d] ?is possible 
y w make y\r /reets pur] &     y\r      
families happi] ?an !y are at pres5t4   
,hav+ 9 ! c\rse ( a prolong$ spee*      
expla9$ & v9dicat$ ! ,new-,mal?usian    
doctr9e f misrepres5tations inspir$ by  
ignorance1 prejudice1 & bigotry1 ,mrs4  
,besant conclud$ h] memorable address 9 
! foll[+ words3       ,i fairly put x t 
unless y hone/ly believe t my :ole      
spee* to y has be5 "o mass ( falsehoods2
 unless y     believe my int5t to be a  
bad int5t2 unless y believe ,i h     be5
 delib]ately deceiv+ y ?r\gh\t1 & /& "h 
be=e     y 9 ! v wor/ "* a woman c\ld   
take ^u h]self1     namely1 t ( /riv+ to

 corrupt ! morals ( ! "y "u     ! false 
pret5ce ( purity "h put =w>d1 & unless y
 ?9k     t1 = ! aft]-"p ( my life1 ,i   
des]ve to pass ?r\gh x     ) ! br& ^u me
 t twelve g5tlem51 aft] all pati5ce1    
?\ght n only t ! book 0 a mi/ake1 !     
op9ions wrong1     & ! argum5ts         
unconv9c+1 b1 9 ! t]rible language     (
 ! indictm5t1 t ,i am guilty ( wick$ly  
devis+ &     contriv+ z mu* z 9 me lay  
to vitiate & corrupt ! morals     ( y\? 
z well z ( o!rs1--unless1 ,i say1 y     
believe t     t has be5 my object &     
purpose1 on ?is indictm5t1 ,i %all      
call ^u y1 g5tlem51 to return a v]dict (
 ,n ,guilty1     & to s5d me home free1 
believ+ f my he>t & consci5ce     t ,i h
 be5 guilty only ( do+ t :i* ,i ought to
 d 9     grappl+ hone/ly ) a matt] ,i   
consid] myself ju/ifi$ 9     grappl+    
)--t t]rible pov]ty & mis]y :i* is ar\nd
     u on e h&4 ,unless y are prep>$1   
g5tlem51 to br&     me ) malici\s mean+1
 ,i ask y1 z an ,engli% woman1 =     t  
ju/ice :i* x is n impossible to expect  

at ! h&s     ( ,engli%m5--,i ask y to   
give me a v]dict ( ,n ,guilty1     & to 
s5d me home un/a9$4   ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 9
 8 spee*1 dealt m fully ?an 8           
co-def5dant _h be5 able to d ) ! legal &
 physiological aspects ( ! case4 ,9 !   
cle>e/ fa%ion he ma9ta9$ ! lawfulness ( 
dissem9at+ ! k ( innoc5t prud5tial      
*ecks3       ,i submit to y1 g5tlem5 ( !
 jury1 t x is moral to tea*     poor p  
to m>ry e>ly1 & t ?is tea*+ avoids & w  
dim9i% illicit int]c\rse4 ,i w n we>y y 
) read+     ! :ole ( ! report on !      
,employm5t ( ,wom5 & ,*ildr5     9      
,agriculture1 f :i* my co-def5dant quot$
 t t]rible     extract f ! report (     
,bi%op ,fras]4 ,y w !re f9d     t !     
illicit int]c\rse :i* we are *>g$ ) try+
 to     produce is an illicit int]c\rse 
:i* is go+ on & br++     ) x ! bir? ( ! 
*ild1 & br++ ) x ! murd] (     ! *ild by
 ! "m1 because !re is ! pang ( />vation 
& mis]y & %ame to cont5d )4 ,i say t x  
is among/ !     poor m>ri$ p t ! evils (
 ov]-population are *iefly     felt1 & t

 x _c t5d to deprave _! morals to tea*  
!m h[ to intellig5tly *eck ?is          
ov]-population4444 ,i submit     t !    
advocacy ( all *ecks is lawful except   
su* z advocate     ! de/ruction ( !     
foetus aft] conception or ( ! *ild      
aft] bir?4 ,i say t ! advocacy ( e      
bir?-re/rict+     *eck is lawful :i* is 
n ! advocacy ( ! de/ruction (     human 
life 9 any =m aft] t life has be5       
creat$4   ,assum+ ! legality ( su*      
advocacy1 x is useless unless convey$ 9 
pla9 & simple language3       ,i say t !
 advocacy ( any *eck among/ ! masses to 
be     useful mu/ ( necessity be put 9 !
 pla9e/ language & 9     ! *eape/ =m1 & 
be widely spread2 & ,i press t ^u     y 
because ,i und]/& t ! le>n$             
,solicitor-,g5]al 9     8 argum5t put x 
t "o ( ! faults ( ?is pamphlet 0     t x
 0 n obscur$ 9 le>n$ language4 ,if we   
possess$ !     facility ( express+      
ourselves 9 ,fr5*1 or ,italian1 or      
,greek1     or ,lat91 or ,hebrew1 or    
,arabic1 :at e>?ly use w\ld t be     to 

! poor un=tunate wret*es ^: mis]y we    
want to address8   ,aft] trav]s+ ) 8    
accu/om$ skill & acum5 ! *>ges =mulat$  
by ! prosecution1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh       
conclud$ 8 address ) a p]oration full ( 
passionate eloqu5ce3       ,we want 7he 
said7 to make ! poor m com=table2 & y   
tell u we are immoral4 ,we want to      
prev5t !m br++ into     ! _w little     
*ildr5 to suck dea?1 in/ead ( life1 at  
! brea/s ( _! "m2 & y tell u we are     
immoral4 ,i     %\ld n say t1 p]haps1 = 
y1 g5tlem51 may judge ?+s     diff]5tly 
f myself2 b ,i "k ! poor4 ,i belong to  
!m4 ,i     0 born among/ !m4 ,among !m  
are ! e>ly associations ( my     life4  
,su* little ability z ,i possess to-day 
has come to me 9     ! h>d /ruggle (    
life4 ,i h _h no ,univ]sity to poli% my 
tongue2 no ,alma ,mat] to give to me any
 eloqu5ce by :i* to move     y4 ,i plead
 "h simply = ! class to :i* ,i belong1 &
 =     ! "r to tell !m :at may r$eem _! 
pov]ty & alleviate     _! mis]y4 ,& ,i  
ask y to believe 9 y\r he>t ( he>ts1    

ev5 if y deliv] a v]dict aga9/ u "h--,i 
ask y1 at lea/1     to try & believe bo?
 = myself & ! lady :o sits besides      
me 7,i hope x = myself1 & ,i e>ne/ly wi%
 x = h]71 t     all ?r\gh we h meant to 
d "r1 ev5 if y ?9k t we     h done      
wrong4444 ,my co-def5dant ref]r$1 9     
e>ne/ language1     to ! lett]s :i* %e  
_h receiv$ f wom51 & cl]gym51     & o!rs
 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,i1 too1 h receiv$ _m
 w>m     words ( sympa?y f ^? :o ?9k t  
,i am "r4 ,x is true     _m ( !m may be 
ignorant p1 & !re=e may be wrong2     b 
!y h writt5 to enc\rage me ) _! k9dly   
sympa?y     9 my plead+ be=e y4 ,if we  
are br&$ ) ! (f5ce (     circulat+ an   
obsc5e book1 _m ( ^! poor p w /ill      
?9k ,no4 ,!y ?9k su* k w\ld prev5t mis]y
 9     _! families1 w\ld *eck hung] 9 _!
 families1 & w\ld     h9d] disease 9 _! 
families4 ,d y "k :at pov]ty means     9
 a poor man's h\se8 ,x means t :5 y are 
reproa*+ a     poor & ignorant man )    
brutality1 y =get t he is m]ely         
/ruggl+ aga9/ t h>d%ip ( life :i* drives

 all *ivalry     & c\rtesy out ( 8      
exi/5ce4 ,d n blame poor m5 too mu*     
t !y are r\gh & brutal4 ,?9k m]cifully (
 a man su* z     a brick-mak]1 :o1 go+  
home aft] 8 day's toil1 f9ds six     or 
sev5 little ones cry+ = bread1 & cl++   
ar\nd 8     wife = ! food :i* !y _c get4
 ,?9k y su* a sc5e     z t is n         
suffici5t to make bo? himself & h]      
hungry &     angry too8 ,g5tlem51 x is =
 y1 9 y\r deliv]ance ( guilty     or n  
guilty1 to say h[ we are to g f ?is     
c\rt--:e!r1     :5 we leave ?is place1  
if y m>k u guilty1 8 lord%ip     may    
feel x to be 8 duty to s5t5ce u1 & put  
^u u !     br& ( a doom su* z y\r v]dict
 may w>rant2 or :e!r1 by     y\r v]dict 
( n guilty--:i* ,i hope = myself &      
desire     = my co-def5dant--we may g   
out ( ?is c\rt absolv$ f     t %ame :i* 
?is indictm5t has s\ght to put ^u u4    
,we mu/ pass ov] ! evid5ce giv5 by ,dr4 
,alice ,vick]y1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,drysdale1 
,mr4 ,bohn & o!rs = ! def5ce2 & ref]    
briefly to ! summ+-up ( ! ,"l ,*ief     

,ju/ice 7,sir ,alex&] ,cockburn74 ,8    
lord%ip dwelt ^u ! mis*iev\s "* & effect
 ( ! prosecution1 & decl>$ t a m        
ill-advis$ & m injudici\s proce$+ _h    
probably nev] be5 br\ght into a c\rt (  
ju/ice4 ,he adv]t$ 9 t]ms ( sev]ity to !
 secrecy t _h be5 ma9ta9$ z to ! real   
orig9ators ( ! prosecution4 ,9 discuss+ 
! que/ions involv$1 8 lord%ip ref]r$ to 
! !ory ( ,mal?us z a !ory :i* a/oni%$ ! 
_w1 ?\gh x is n[ accept$ z an           
irrefragable tru?1 & has s9ce be5 adopt$
 by economi/ aft] economi/4 ,t ! evils  
aris+ f ov]-population1 he cont9u$1 are 
evils :i*1 if !y c\ld be prev5t$1 x w\ld
 be ! fir/ bus9ess ( human *>ity to     
prev5t1 !re _c be any d\bt4 ,t ! evils (
 population are real1 & n imag9>y1 no "o
 acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( society 9 ! pres5t 
day c possibly d5y4 ,^u ! "q :e!r or n !
 advocacy ( prud5tial *ecks t5d$ to     
corrupt public morals1 8 lord%ip said to
 ! jury3 ,y mu/ decide t ) a due reg>d &
 ref]5ce to ! law1 & ) an hone/ &       
det]m9$ desire to ma9ta9 ! morals (     

mank9d4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 y mu/ c>efully 
consid] :at is due to public discussion1
 & ) an anxi\s desire n1 f any prejudic$
 view ( ?is subject1 to /ifle :at may be
 a subject ( legitimate enquiry4 ,!     
conclud+ passages ( ! *>ge to ! jury are
 s significant t !y are "h reproduc$    
entire3       ,if y are ( op9ion t ?is  
"w ( ,kn[lton's1 al?\gh well     int5d$1
 & al?\gh ! publication ( x by !        
def5dants     may be int5d$ = ! b5efit (
 mank9d1 if y ?9k !y     h tak5 an      
errone\s view z to ! effect ( ! "w1 &   
t its entire scope is subv]sive ( !     
morals ( society1     if t is y\r       
op9ion1 x is !n y\r b\nd5 duty to f9d   
! def5dants liable4 ,b :il/ t is ! case1
 x is =     ! prosecution to make out ! 
*>ge !y h und]tak5 to     e/abli%4 ,if y
 ?9k !y h fail$--if y ?9k ^! are        
matt]s :i* may fairly be discuss$--t !  
prop] answ] to     !m is by refut+ !m by
 argum5t & n by prosecution1 !          
def5dants are entitl$ to y\r v]dict4 ,or
 if y h any d\bt     z to ! effect ( ?is

 "w y are b\nd to br+ !m 9 n     guilty4
 ,i w\ld only say 9 conclusion1 t :atev]
 outrages     dec5cy1 :atev] t5ds to    
corrupt ! morals ( society1 &           
especially ! morals & purity (          
wom5--:atev] t5ds to h     t result is1 
:5 publi%$1 an (f5ce aga9/ ! law4 ,b    
t (f5ce l e o!r mu/ be made out4 ,if y  
?9k x     is made out1 if !re is a      
conviction 9 y\r m9ds t ?\gh     !y h   
act$ f a desire to d good1 yet 9 y\r    
op9ion     !y h done wrong1 !y h !n     
br\ght !mselves )9     ! def9ition ( !  
/atute4   ,despite ! p[]ful spee*es ( ! 
def5dants & ! obvi\sly sympa!tic *>ge ( 
! judge1 ! jury 7 n equal to _!         
opportunity to make a cle> /& = fre$om (
 discussion4 ,!y return$ a halt+ special
 v]dict1 decl>+ t ! book 0 calculat$ to 
deprave public morals1 b at ! same "t !y
 entirely exon]at$ ! def5dants f any    
corrupt motives 9 publi%+ x4 ,^u ?is !  
judge reluctantly direct$ ! jury to     
return a v]dict ( guilty4  ,! rema9d] ( 
! /ory is mo/ concisely told 9 ,mrs4    

,besant's own words3 ,obvi\sly annoy$ at
 ! v]dict1 ! ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice refus$ to
 give judgm5t1 & let u g on our own     
recognisances4 ,:5 we came up lat] =    
judgm5t1 he urg$ u to surr5d] ! pamphlet
 z ! jury _h condemn$ x2 said our :ole  
c\rse ) reg>d to x _h be5 "r1 b t we    
ought to yield to ! judgm5t ( ! jury4   
,we 7 ob/9ate1 & ,i %all nev] =get !    
pa!tic way 9 :i* ! great judge urg$ u to
 submit1 & h[ at la/ :5 we p]si/$ t we  
w\ld cont9ue to sell x till ! "r to sell
 x 0 ga9$1 he said t he w\ld h let u g  
free if we w\ld h yield$ to ! c\rt1 b   
our p]si/5ce compell$ him to s5t5ce u4  
,we gave notice ( appeal1 promis+ n to  
sell till ! appeal 0 decid$1 & he let u 
g on our own recognisances4 ,on appeal  
we qua%$ ! v]dict1 & w5t free2 we       
recov]$ all ! pamphlets seiz$1 &        
publicly sold !m2 we cont9u$ ! sale till
 we receiv$ an intimation t no fur!r    
prosecution w\ld be attempt$ aga9/ u1 & 
!n we dropp$ ! sale ( ! pamphlet & nev] 
took x up aga94 #c    ,hav+ giv5 an     

acc\nt ( ?is memorable trial1 we proce$ 
to trace "s ( its f>-rea*+ effects4 ,9 !
 fir/ place1 ,dr4 ,kn[lton's pamphlet   
ga9$ imm$iately an enorm\s circulation4 
,be=e ! prosecution ! annual sales 7 v  
small2 )9 ?ree mon?s f ! "t :5 proce$+s 
7 in/itut$ aga9/ ! publi%]s1 #abe1jjj   
copies 7 sold4 ,b ?is result1 />tl+ z x 
appe>s1 0 by no means ! mo/ important   
phase ( ! impetus giv5 to ! public m9d  
^u ! "q ( population by ! cause clbre ( 
,! ,que5 v]sus ,*>les ,bradlaugh &      
,annie ,besant4 ,dur+ ! trial !         
newspap]s ( ?is c\ntry conta9$ l5g?y    
reports ( ! proce$+s1 & ! rem>kable     
spee*es ( ! def5dants 7 ?us c>ri$ f> &  
wide4 ,_! popul> /atem5ts ( ! ,mal?usian
 position1 _! description ( ! evils     
aris+ f ov]-population & ! rem$ies t !y 
propos$ 7 s5t =? into _m ?\s&s ( homes  
into :i* no h9t ( ! tru? w\ld o!rwise h 
p5etrat$4 ,! press1 ) its myriad voices1
 became1 = ! "t1 a mighty organ (       
,new-,mal?usian propag&a1 repeat+1 9    
tones t e*o$ r\nd ! _w1 ! eloqu5t words 

( two social re=m]s to :om ! mis]ies ( !
 poor 7 kn[n1 & :o _h fac$ ! dang] (    
imprisonm5t & ( social obloquy 9 ord] to
 proclaim t :i* !y felt to be ! only    
effici5t rem$y = pov]ty4  ,amid/ !      
public excitem5t caus$ by ?is fam\s     
trial1 ,! ,mal?usian ,league 0 call$    
into exi/5ce1 & has s9ce c>ri$ =w>d ! "w
 ( propag&a 9 an organis$ & sy/ematic   
fa%ion4 ,x 0 f\nd$ to promote ! foll[+  
objects3  ,i4 ,to agitate = ! abolition 
( all p5alties on ! public discussion ( 
! ,population ,"q1 & to obta9 su* a     
/atutory def9ition z %all r5d] x        
impossible1 9 ! future1 to br+ su*      
discussions )9 ! scope ( ! common law z 
a misdemeanor4  ,,ii4 ,to spread among !
 p1 by all practicable means1 a k ( !   
law ( population1 ( its consequ5ces1 & (
 its be>+ ^u human conduct & morals4    
,dr4 ,*>les ,r4 ,drysdale1 ,m4,d41      
,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,eng41 has f ! fir/ be5 ! 
,presid5t ( ! ,league1 & has devot$     
himself to ! "w ( expla9+ & advocat+ !  
,new-,mal?usian pr9ciple4 ,! li/ (      

,vice-,presid5ts has includ$ ! names ( !
 late ,m4 ,yves ,guyot1 a di/+ui%$ ,fr5*
 deput & ,m9i/] ( ,/ate1 & ( ,mr4 ,j4   
,bryson1 ,presid5t ( ! ,nor?umb]l&      
,m9]s' ,association4 ,a ref]5ce to its  
pres5t composition w %[ ! read] t !     
ef=ts ( ! ,league to spread enlight5$   
views on ! population "q h ! approval & 
sympa?y ( influ5tial p]sons 9 ?is & 9   
o!r c\ntries4 #d  ,! "w ( ! ,league is  
*iefly c>ri$ on by public lectures &    
meet+s1 ! dissem9ation ( lit]ature1 &   
lett]s address$ to ! editors (          
newspap]s4 ,by ^! means ! public m9d is 
con/antly be+ influ5c$ 9 ! direction (  
rational views ^u ! population "q4  ,!  
annual meet+s ( memb]s & fri5ds ( !     
,league h af=d$ valuable opportunities (
 obta9+ expressions ( op9ion ^u !       
subject ( ,mal?usianism f _m influ5tial 
p]sons4 ,lett]s express+ he>ty approval 
( ! movem5t h be5 receiv$ f ,mrs4 ,mona 
,caird1 ,"l ,d]by1 ,"l ,pembroke1 ! late
 ,"l ,bramwell1 ,mr4 ,leon>d ,c\rtney1  
,m4,p41 ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,macl>51 ,m4,p41   

,pr(essor ,ba91 ,mr4 ,arnold ,:ite1 ,mr4
 ,g4 ,h4 ,d>w9 & o!rs4  ,f\r ye>s aft] !
 =mation ( ! ,league1 a ,m$ical ,bran* 0
 e/abli%$ = ! foll[+ purposes3  ,i4 ,to 
aid ! ,mal?usian ,league 9 its crusade  
aga9/ pov]ty & ! accompany+ evils by    
obta9+ ! co-op]ation ( qualifi$ m$ical  
practition]s1 bo? ,briti% & =eign4      
,,ii4 ,to obta9 a body ( sci5tific      
op9ion on po9ts ( sexual physiology &   
pa?ology involv$ 9 ! ,population ,"q1 & 
:i* c only be discuss$ by ^? possess$ ( 
sci5tific k4  ,,iii4 ,to agitate = a    
free & op5 discussion ( ! ,population   
,"q 9 all its aspects 9 ! m$ical press1 
& ?us to obta9 a recognition ( !        
sci5tific oasis & ! absolute necessity (
 ,neo-,mal?usianism4  ,x w be se5 t ! "w
 ( ?is section is ( a special &         
sci5tific "*4 ,! names ( ! (fic]s &     
memb]s 7giv5 9 ! app5dix7 w %[ t !      
advocacy ( prud5tial *ecks to population
 is sanction$ by a body ( physicians (  
unque/ion$ em95ce4  ,hav+ giv5 an outl9e
 ( ! p]man5t organisation ( ,mal?usian  

propag&a :i* grew out ( ! ev5ts ( #ahgg1
 we proce$ to trace briefly ! hi/ory ( !
 movem5t f t p]iod4 ,x is 9 ! ma9 a /ory
 ( petty p]secutions on ! "o side1 &1 ^u
 ! o!r1 ( /eady p]si/5ce 9 ! "w ( in=m+ 
! public m9d4 ,! pr9cipal ob/acle to !  
progress ( ! movem5t1 & "o :i* x is     
sl[ly b surely surm\nt+1 is ! prejudice 
born ( ignorance & bigotry4 ,j\rnali/s1 
/atesm5 & o!r lead]s ( op9ion d n       
hesitate to av[ _! adhesion to !        
pr9ciple =mulat$ by ,mal?us2 b !y are1  
almo/ )\t exception1 dom9at$ by ! fe> ( 
,mrs4 ,grundy1 & %r9k f incurr+ ! odium 
:i*1 !y imag9e1 w\ld result f a frank   
recognition ( ! only logical outcome ( t
 pr9ciple4 ,!y jo9 l\dly 9 ! *orus on ! 
evils ( ov]-population2 b1 z a rule1 !y 
w l5d no public c\nt5ance to ! di/9ct   
advocacy ( prud5tial *ecks4 ,h5ce ! task
 ( ! pione]s ( ! movem5t is r5d]$       
excessively difficult2 b f ! v inception
 ( ! ,mal?usian ,league1 ! "w ( propag&a
 has be5 c>ri$ =w>d ) unfail+ devotion &
 s+l5ess ( purpose4  ,9 its e>lie/ days1

 ! ,league 0 call$ ^u to support "o (   
its mo/ respect$ memb]s "u /ress (      
p]secution4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahgh1 ,mr4    
,edw>d ,truelove 0 prosecut$ & tri$ be=e
 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cockburn = publi%+ !
 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5's pamphlet     
entitl$ ,moral ,physiology1 & an essay  
on ,individual1 ,family1 & ,national    
,pov]ty1 by an anonym\s au?or4 ,mr4 ,w4 
,a4 ,hunt]1 9 def5d+ ! case1 made a mo/ 
p[]ful spee* 9 support ( ! ,mal?usian   
position4 ,! jury 7 unable to agree ^u a
 v]dict1 & ! proce$+s came to an        
abortive t]m9ation4 ,?ree mon?s lat]1   
h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,truelove 0 a second "t     
plac$ ^u 8 trial1 ! v5ue mean:ile be+   
*ang$ f ! ,c\rt ( ,que5's ,b5* to ! ,old
 ,bailey4 ,a common jury f\nd no        
difficulty 9 return+ a v]dict ( guilty1 
& ,mr4 ,truelove 7!n 9 8 sixty-eigh?    
ye>7 0 s5t5c$ to pay a f9e ( #ej & to be
 imprison$ = f\r mon?s4 ,a great public 
meet+ 0 held at ,/4 ,james's ,hall on   
,june #f?1 :5 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 ,mrs4    
,besant1 ,dr4 ,drysdale & o!r fri5ds ( !

 movem5t prote/$ aga9/ ! action ( !     
au?orities 9 ?us int]f]+ ) ! "r ( free  
discussion1 & express$ _! admiration (  
,mr4 ,truelove's c\rage & consi/5cy4    
,mr4 ,truelove endur$ ! privations (    
imprisonm5t ) =titude & dignity1 su/a9$ 
by ! k t 8 cause 0 righte\s4 ,he 0 tak5 
to ,coldba? ,fields 9 a prison-van1     
h&cuff$ l a dang]\s crim9al2 compell$ to
 lie on ! plank-b$1 & subject$ to all ! 
rigors ( gaol discipl9e4 ,dur+ ! fir/   
?ree mon?s he 0 all[$ no meat2 aft] t "t
 he 0 p]mitt$ to h six ounces (         
,au/ralian t9n$ meat p] week4 ,happily !
 conf9em5t & h>d%ips did n prejudicially
 affect 8 heal?4  ,on ,septemb] #ab? he 
0 welcom$ back to lib]ty by a l>ge &    
en?usia/ic ga!r+ ( fri5ds at ! ,hall (  
,sci5ce1 ,london4 ,! lead+ memb]s ( !   
,mal?usian ,league 7 pres5t1 & ,mr4     
,moncure ,d4 ,conway1 & ! ,rev4 ,/ew>t  
,d4 ,headlam att5d$ to d honor to "o :o 
_h suff]$ = consci5ce sake4 ,a purse    
conta9+ #bjj 0 pres5t$ to ,mr4          
,truelove1 toge!r ) ! foll[+ te/imonial3

       ,to ,edw>d ,truelove1 on 8       
release f f\r mon?s' imprisonm5t     9  
,coldba? ,fields ,prison--suff]$ 9      
def5ce ( ! ,lib]ty (     ! ,press4      
,! und]sign$1 on behalf ( ! ,national   
,secul> ,society &     ( ! ,mal?usian   
,league1 desire to welcome y on y\r     
return to     lib]ty1 & to (f] y _!     
he>tie/ ?anks = ! c\rage     & endurance
 y h display$1 9 def5d+ ! "r ( free     
publication ( op9ion4      ,! battle = !
 lib]ty ( ! press has be5 /eadily wag$  
ev] s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 & a long   
mu/]-roll (     names might be giv5 ( ^?
 :o1 fir/ at ! /ake1 & s9ce 9           
prison1 h 9 turn paid _! %>e ( !        
p5alty-pur*ase =     ! victories already
 a*iev$4 ,y h wor?ily entitl$ y\rself   
to an honorable place 9 ?is mu/]-roll1 !
 m s t y     h /ood firm 9 a day :5 too 
_m temporise & fl9*4 ,f     almo/ e "p (
 ,engl&1 & f remote di/ricts1 z well z  
f ! great c5tres ( ,scotl&1 _m ?\s&s (  
y\r fell[     c\ntrym5 & c\ntrywom5 h   
plead$ = y\r release1 & f     all p>ts (

 ! civilis$ _w expressions h be5        
receiv$1     ( sympa?y ) y1 & (         
indignation aga9/ y\r p]secutors4       
,z "s slight m>k ( our gratitude &      
affectionate e/eem1     & 9 recognition 
( ! honor ) :i* y h cr[n$ a long        
life ( unwav]+ c\rage1 we pres5t y ?is  
address1 & !     accompany+ purse (     
gold1 begg+ y to accept ) !m our        
s9c]e/ wi%es = y\r future welf>e4 ,sign$
 on behalf (       ,! ,national ,secul> 
,society4      ,*as4 ,bradlaugh1        
,presid5t4     ,rob]t ,=d]1 ,secret>y4  
,! ,mal?usian ,league4      ,c4         
,drysdale1 ,m4,d41 ,presid5t4     ,annie
 ,besant1 ,hon4 ,sec4      ,hall (      
,sci5ce1 #ab? ,septemb]1 #ahgh4   ,!    
case ( ,mr4 ,truelove 0 ! la/           
prosecution ( importance 9 ?is c\ntry = 
! publication ( works deal+ ) !         
population "q4 ,! proce$+s aga9/ ,mr4   
,bradlaugh & ,mrs4 ,besant1 aft] be+    
qua%$ 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,appeal ^u a writ (   
error1 7 nev] r5ew$4 ,dr4 ,kn[lton's    
pamphlet1 ,! ,fruits ( ,philosophy1 0   

)drawn f circulation1 & ,mrs4 ,besant   
wrote a small book1 ,! ,law (           
,population3 its consequ5ces & its be>+ 
^u human conduct & morals1 to take its  
place4 ,( ?is "w ne>ly #bjj1jjj copies 7
 circulat$ 9 ,great ,brita92 _m pirat$  
editions 7 publi%$ 9 ,am]ica &          
,au/ralia2 & x 0 translat$ into sev]al  
,european languages4 ,x =m$ ! basis ( a 
rem>kable judgm5t by ,mr4 ,ju/ice       
,w9dey] 7deliv]$ 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt (   
,new ,s\? ,wales71 to :i* fur!r ref]5ce 
w pres5tly be made4  ,9 ,june1 #ahhg1   
,dr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,allbutt1 ( ,le$s1 publi%$ 
a sixp5ny pamphlet entitl$ ,! ,wife's   
,h&book4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph1 tak5 f !   
introduction to ! book1 w expla9 its    
object3 ,to save ! lives & pres]ve !    
heal? ( ?\s&s ( wom51 to rescue f dea? &
 disease *ildr5 :o may be born1 to tea* 
! "y wife h[ to ord] h] heal? dur+ ! mo/
 important p]iod ( h] life1 to remove f 
h] m9d ! popul> ignorance 9 :i* %e may h
 be5 re>$1 & to enable h] to le>n tru?s 
conc]n+ h] duties z wife & "m1 ,i h     

?\ght fit to write ?is little "w4       
,%ortly aft] its appe>ance1 ! _s (      
p]secution 0 aga9 manife/$1 ?is "t 9 an 
obscure & te*nical aspect4 ,z a memb] ( 
! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians (       
,ed9burgh1 ,dr4 ,allbutt 0 pr(essionally
 am5able to ! ,c\ncil ( t body2 & he 0  
summon$ to appe> & %[ cause :y he %\ld n
 be remov$ f ! rolls = ! (f5ce ( writ+ &
 publi%+ ,! ,wife's ,h&book4 ,! matt] 0 
w>mly tak5 up by ! ,mal?usian ,league1 &
 prote/s 7 address$ to ! ,college f all 
p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 & f ,france1      
,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,italy1 ,india &       
,jamaica4 ,no?+ m 0 he>d ( ! affair     
until ,novemb]1 :5 ,dr4 ,allbutt receiv$
 a notice to appe> be=e ! ,g5]al ,m$ical
 ,c\ncil1 9 ,london1 to %[ cause :y 8 "n
 %\ld n be /ruck (f ! regi/]4  ,on      
,novemb] #bcrd ! compla9t aga9/ ,dr4    
,allbutt 0 consid]$ by ! ,g5]al ,m$ical 
,c\ncil1 a body compos$ ( tw5ty-sev5    
physicians4 ,dr4 ,allbutt 0 repres5t$ by
 ,mr4 ,wallace 7b>ri/]71 & ! prosecution
 0 conduct$ by ,mr4 ,muir ,mack5zie1 !  

legal advis] ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,! foll[+ 7 ! 
po9ts :i* ! ,c\ncil proce$$ to consid]3 
7#a7 ,0 ,! ,wife's ,h&book a fair m$ical
 treatise1 or 0 x an indec5t            
adv]tisem5t8 7#b7 ,0 x practically an   
injury to ! public & an insult to !     
pr(ession8 ,mr4 ,wallace1 9 a v able    
spee*1 trav]s$ ! sugge/ions made by !   
,c\ncil's solicitor1 & *all5g$ ! "r ( an
 irresponsible body to det]m9e :e!r any 
l9e ( advocacy 0 subv]sive ( public     
morality4 ,if ,dr4 ,allbutt _h violat$ !
 law1 he 0 am5able to legal proce$+s1 & 
x 0 n = ! ,m$ical ,c\ncil to sit 9      
judgm5t ^u him4 ,mr4 ,wallace ju/ifi$ ! 
c\rse t ,dr4 ,allbutt _h tak5 9 publi%+ 
8 "w at a l[ price 9 ord] t x might be  
plac$ )9 ! rea* ( ! poore/ classes4 ,he 
call$ ! att5tion ( ! memb]s to a li/ ( !
 petitions :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to !      
,c\ncil on ! subject f all p>ts (       
,europe4 ,!y am\nt$ to ov] sev5ty2 _m ( 
!m came f m$ical1 sci5tific1 & political
 societies4 ,he assur$ ! ,c\ncil t !    
memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession 7 by no     

means unanim\s 9 condemn+ ,mr4 ,allbutt1
 & x w\ld run aga9/ ! feel+s ( a v      
consid]able m9ority if !y decid$        
adv]sely to 8 cli5t4 ,! book 0 writt5 ) 
! express object ( sav+ poor p f !      
mis]y1 pov]ty1 & />vation :i* result$ f 
! ov]-production ( *ildr52 & he ask$ !  
,c\ncil1 9 conclusion1 to arrive at a   
decision :i* w\ld relieve 8 cli5t f !   
imputation :i* _h be5 ca/ ^u him1 & :i* 
w\ld re/ore him to 8 prop] position4  ,!
 ,c\ncil hav+ delib]at$ 9 private1 !    
,presid5t deliv]$ ! foll[+ judgm5t3  ,9 
! op9ion ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,mr4 ,allbutt has 
committ$ ! (f5ce *>g$ aga9/ him1 t is to
 say1 ( hav+ publi%$ & publicly caus$ to
 be sold a "w entitl$ ,! ,wife's        
,h&book1 9 ,london & else:]e1 at s l[ a 
price z to br+ ! "w )9 ! rea* ( ! y\? ( 
bo? sexes1 to ! detrim5t ( public       
morals4 ,secondly1 ! (f5ce is1 9 !      
op9ion ( ! ,c\ncil1 'infam\s conduct 9 a
 pr(essional respect4' ,?irdly1 !       
,regi/r> is h]eby ord]$ to erase ! "n ( 
,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,allbutt f ! ,m$ical       

,regi/]4  ,?us end$ ! futile attempt ( !
 ,g5]al ,m$ical ,c\ncil to put a /op to 
! publication ( ,mal?usian works at s l[
 a price4 ,nobody 0 a p5ny ! worse = !  
pond]\s proce$+s ( ?is ar*aic tribunal4 
,dr4 ,allbutt has nev] ceas$ to practise
 legally z a physician2 tw5ty editions (
 ,! ,wife's ,h&book h be5 issu$ &       
#ahj1jjj copies sold4  ,?is case ar\s$  
mu* att5tion 9 ! press4 ,! ,pall ,mall  
,gazette decl>$ t ! decision ( ! ,g5]al 
,m$ical ,c\ncil to erase f its rolls !  
"n ( a physician :o publi%$ 'at a l[    
price' in=mation z to ! be/ means =     
prev5t+ ! excessive multiplication (    
*ildr5 beyond _! p>5ts' means (         
subsi/5ce or ! possibility ( education &
 control1 w be=e long become famili> z  
"o ( ! mo/ gl>+ illu/rations (          
pr(essional prejudice & human folly4 ,:5
 su* a cool-head$ respectable z ,"l     
,d]by feels b\nd to call att5tion to !  
increase ( #djj1jjj p] annum 9 our      
population z "o ( ! mo/ press+ problems 
( our day1 x is really too fatu\s = !   

,g5]al ,m$ical ,c\ncil to br& z         
'infam\s' a practition] :o1 9 a "w to   
:i* no objection is tak5 on ! score (   
impropriety or immorality1 supplies to !
 poor in=mation already possess$ by !   
ri*4  ,we h to record b "o lat] attempt 
to int]f]e ) ! free discussion ( !      
population "q 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ,octob]1 
#ahia1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,"y1 ,m4,a41 0      
summon$ to appe> at ,b[ ,/reet ,police  
,c\rt on a *>ge ( s5d+ ?r\gh ! po/ a    
leaflet entitl$ ,"s ,reasons = ,advocat+
 ! ,prud5tial ,limitation ( ,families4  
,! proce$+s 7 tak5 "u ! ,po/ ,(fice     
,protection ,act4 ,mr4 ,besley1 9       
conduct+ ! prosecution1 made ! rem>kable
 /atem5t t ! only *eck aga9/ immorality 
9 ?is c\ntry 0 ! fe> ( pregnancy6       
,speak+ 9 8 own def5ce1 ,mr4 ,"y cont5d$
 t !re 0 no obsc5ity involv$ 9 po9t+ out
 to ! poor h[ !y might limit _!         
families4 ,! magi/rate 7,mr4 ,lu%+ton7  
admitt$ t ! leaflet 0 writt5 9 v c>eful 
language1 & n int5d$ to be at all       
(f5sive2 b /ill he held t x 0 obsc5e1   

convict$ ,mr4 ,"y1 & ord]$ him to pay a 
f9e ( #bj & co/s4 ,! def5dant appli$ to 
! magi/rate to /ate a case1 z he int5d$ 
to appeal2 b ,mr4 ,lu%+ton refus$ to d  
s4  ,?is prosecution l$ to ! =mation ( a
 ,free ,discussion ,committee1 & public 
meet+s 7 held 9 v>i\s p>ts ( !          
metropolis1 prote/+ aga9/ ! infr+em5t ( 
public fre$om by legal proce$+s4        
,repeat$ attempts 7 made by ,mr4 ,"y & 8
 advis]s to br+ ! case be=e a c\rt (    
law1 b te*nical difficulties r5d]$ ?is  
practically impossible1 & ! matt] 0     
all[$ to drop4  ,meantime ! propag&a (  
,new-,mal?usian views is /eadily        
cont9u$4 ,! pages ( ,! ,mal?usian1 !    
mon?ly organ ( ! ,league1 be> con/ant   
witness to activity :i* ha/es n & re/s  
n4 ,:e!r its en]gies are to be aga9     
/imulat$ by p]secution1 "t alone c %[4  
,a brief /atem5t conc]n+ ! position ( ! 
,mal?usian movem5t 9 =eign c\ntries may 
be usefully add$ to ?is *apt]4          
,holl&4--,sev]al ye>s ago a ,dut*       
,mal?usian ,league 0 e/abli%$ by ,mr4   

,s4 ,van ,h\t5 7,doctor ( ,laws1 &      
,deput71 ,mr4 ,c4 ,v4 ,g]rits51 ,dr4 ,c4
 de ,rooy1 ,dr4 ,lobry de ,bruyn & o!rs4
 ,9 #ahhg ! ,league numb]$ among/ its   
memb]s1 9 ,am/]dam alone1 six ,doctors (
 ,m$ic9e1 elev5 ,doctors ( ,law1 & ?ree 
,pr(essors ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,at ,am/]dam 
a disp5s>y has long be5 op51 :]e a lady 
7,dr4 ,aletta ,h4 ,jacobs7 & o!r m$ical 
memb]s att5d & give advice to ^? seek+  
practical in=mation ^u prud5tial *ecks4 
,l>ge numb]s ( poor m>ri$ wom5 apply at 
! disp5s>y = in/ruction z to ! be/      
me?ods by :i* !y c re/rict ! size ( _!  
families4 ,sev]al pamphlets ^u !        
population "q h be5 issu$ by ! ,dut*    
,mal?usian ,league4 ,9 #ahhg1 ?irty ?\s&
 copies ( "o ( its publications _h be5  
circulat$ 9 a c\ntry ) a small]         
population ?an t ( ,london4 ,! mo/ rec5t
 pamphlet on ,mal?usianism1 f ! p5 (    
,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,van d] ,hav51 is entitl$  
,! ,d>k ,ne!rl&s1 & ! way out ( x4 ,!   
au?or draws a sad picture ( life 9 "s ( 
! poor qu>t]s ( ,holl&1 :]e1 he says1   

laught] is seldom he>d1 & hung] & e>ly  
dea? are con/ant visitors4 ,!re is1     
h[ev]1 hope = a bright] future4 ,mr4    
,g]rits5 /ates t 9 ,holl& directors (   
l>ge indu/rial e/abli%m5ts & railway    
societies make _! workm5 acqua9t$ ) !   
means ( prev5t+ !mselves f drift+ into  
pov]ty4  ,g]many4--,! ,mal?usian "q has 
frequ5tly be5 ! subject ( discussion 9  
,g]many4 ,dr4 ,/ille1 ( ,hanov]1 ,dr4   
,hans ,f]dy1 ,dr4 ,m5s+a1 ,dr4 ,za*>ias1
 & o!r physicians h aga9 & aga9 call$   
public att5tion to ! importance ( !     
subject2 b1 until lately1 no comb9$ ef=t
 to influ5ce public op9ion has be5      
possible4 ,mr4 ,max ,hausmei/]1 (       
,/uttg>t1 has at l5g? set on foot an    
organisation = ! propag&a (             
,new-,mal?usian views4 ,on ,febru>y     
#ab?1 #ahib1 a private meet+ 0 held at  
,/uttg>t to consid] ! advisability ( =m+
 a ,mal?usian ,society4 ,?is l$ to !    
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,sozial-,h>monis*e ,v]e9 
7,social ,h>mony ,union71 & a mon?ly    
j\rnal1 ,die ,sozial ,h>monie1 0 f\nd$  

to enlight5 ! p ( ,g]many ^u social1    
political & economic que/ions & !       
relation ( ^! to sexual matt]s4         
7,subscription3 #bej m>ks p] annum47    
,g]many1 ) its teem+ population (       
impov]i%$ work]s1 af=ds an enorm\s field
 = ,mal?usian propag&a4  ,9 ,holl& &    
,g]many alone1 among/ cont95tal         
c\ntries1 has ! ,mal?usian view f\nd    
organis$ expression4 ,france1 :il/      
extremely prud5t 9 practice1 is /rongly 
anti-,mal?usian 9 !ory1 at lea/ s f> z !
 gov]n+ class is conc]n$4 ,drs4 ,lutaud1
 ,le ,blond1 & ,rebant1 ( ,p>is1 are    
prom95t among/ ! adh]5ts ( !            
,new-,mal?usian movem5t 9 ,france4  ,9  
,india1 public att5tion has lately be5  
call$ to ! population "q by a           
prosecution in/itut$ by ! police        
au?orities aga9/ ,messrs4 ,t>aporewalla 
,sons1 ( ,bombay1 = sell+ copies ( a    
pamphlet entitl$ ,true ,morality2 or1 ! 
,!ory & ,practice ( ,new-,mal?usianism1 
by ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,holmes4 ,! ,*ief       
,presid5cy ,magi/rate convict$ !        

def5dants & impos$ a f9e ( #bja rupees  
7ab\t #ab4 #ajs474 ,! conviction 0 n    
p]mitt$ to pass )\t public prote/4 ,!   
editor ( a ,bombay j\rnal wrote3 ,!     
battle has be5 f\ght & won 9 ! ,we/1 & !
 subject is m or less directly treat$ 9 
! lead+ reviews1 & books & pamphlets are
 op5ly sold 9 ,engl&4 ,our duty "h is   
cle> en\gh4 ,are ! ,free?9k]s 9 ,india1 
:e!r ,new-,mal?usians or n1 to quietly  
/& by & see ! free discussion ( ?is "q  
d5i$ ! public8 ,we are p]fectly aw>e t  
al?\gh !re are _m :o w aid 9 ?is "w1 !re
 are few--alas6 h[ few6--:o w op5ly be> 
! brunt ( ! fray4 ,h[ev]1 !re is at lea/
 "o :o w d x4 ,b w ! o!rs /& r\nd & give
 :atev] help !y c1 ev5 if sil5tly8 ,!   
/&>d ( com=t among/ ! teem+ native      
population ( ,india is deplorably l[1 ! 
av]age income p] head 9 ! nor?-we/      
prov9ces n exce$+ #bb #a_/b rupees 7say 
#a4 #hs4 #f;d47 p] ye>4 ,& yet1 =soo?1  
^? :o seek to lift ! poor ryots f _!    
abysmal pov]ty & mis]y are confront$ ) !
 smug conv5tionalities ( ,we/]n ,europe1

 & puni%$ z di/ributors ( obsc5e        
lit]ature6  ,am]ica has no ,mal?usian   
organisation1 b !re are _m sympa?is]s ) 
! movem5t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,dr4 
,e4 ,b4 ,foote1 jr41 ( ,new ,york1 is a 
mo/ active & e>ne/ advocate ( ,mal?usian
 views1 & has writt5 sev]al popul> works
 on ! subject4 ,! cu/oms & po/al        
prohibitions are v /r+5t z to !         
admission & transmission ( ,mal?usian   
lit]ature & appliances4 ,"s ye>s ago !  
late ,mr4 ,d4 ,m4 ,b5nett und]w5t a t]m 
( imprisonm5t at ,auburn = s5d+ ?r\gh ! 
po/ a pamphlet by ,mr4 ,heywood on !    
m>riage "q4 ,j aft] 8 arre/ ,mr4 ,b5nett
 /at$3 ,my only object 9 sell+ ?is      
pamphlet is to v9dicate ! lib]ty (      
?\ght1 ( ! press1 & ( ! mails4 ,i h     
always ann\nc$ t ,i did n approve ( x2 b
 z long z ,mr4 ,heywood does1 ,i decl>e 
t he has a "r to mail x z "p ( 8 "r to  
publi% x1 & z a necess>y "p ( ! fre$om (
 ! press4 ,if ?is means t ,i am to g to 
prison1 to prison let x be4  ,f ?is     
necess>ily slight & incomplete sket* ( !

 position ( ! movem5t abroad x w be se5 
t ! !ory ( ,mal?us is gradually leav5+ !
 ?\ght & help+ to %ape ! de/9ies ( !    
civilis$ _w4         ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,a  
,,judicial ,,v9dication ,,(             
,,new-,,mal?usianism4   ,z we h %[n 9 ! 
prec$+ *apt]1 repeat$ attempts h be5    
made to suppress1 by legal process1 !   
advocacy ( ,new-,mal?usian views4 ,^?   
attempts h fail$1 z !y 7 b\nd to fail4  
,by ! /range irony ( fate1 inde$1 "o ( !
 mo/ p[]ful1 logical & conv9c+          
v9dications ( ! prud5tial limitation (  
families has proce$$ f ! judicial b5*4  
,! fam\s judgm5t deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,w9dey]1 ,s5ior ,puisne ,judge ( !     
,supreme ,c\rt ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 on   
,decemb] #ab?1 #ahhh1 is s important a  
contribution to ! discussion ( ?is "q t 
a *apt] may pr(itably be devot$ to a    
summ>y ( its argum5ts & conclusions4  ,a
 /ip5di>y magi/rate 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales  
convict$ ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,coll9s on a *>ge 
( sell+ an obsc5e book1 viz41 ,! ,law ( 
,population1 writt5 by ,mrs4 ,annie     

,besant4 ,mr4 ,coll9s appeal$ aga9/ ?is 
conviction to ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 consi/+ 
( ,*ief ,ju/ice ,d>ley & ,ju/ices       
,w9dey] & ,/eph54 ,! sole "q at issue 0 
:e!r ! "w 0 obsc5e2 & ^u ?is ! judgm5t (
 ! ,c\rt 7! ,*ief ,ju/ice diss5t+7 0    
giv5 t ! conviction %\ld be set aside4  
,9 deliv]+ judgm5t1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,w9dey]
 said3       ,a c\rt ( law has n[ to    
decide = ! fir/ "t :e!r x is     lawful 
to argue 9 a dec5t way ) e>ne/ness (    
?\ght &     sobriety ( language ! "r (  
m>ri$ m5 & wom5 to limit     ! numb] ( !
 *ildr5 to be begott5 by !m by su* means
 z     m$ical sci5ce says are possible &
 n injuri\s to heal?4 ,(     ! enorm\s  
importance ( ?is "q1 n only to p]sons ( 
limit$ means 9 e society & c\ntry1 b to 
nations1 !     populations ( :i* h a    
t5d5cy to increase m rapidly     ?an !  
means ( subsi/5ce1 !re _c be ! slighte/ 
d\bt4 ,s9ce ! days :5 ,mal?us fir/      
ann\nc$ 8 views on     ! subject to be  
misrepres5t$ & vilifi$1 z orig9ators (  
new ideas usually are by ! ignorant &   

un?9k+1 ! "q     has n only be5 press+  
itself ) increas$ int5sity (     =ce ^u 
?9k]s & social re=m]s deal+ ) x 9     ! 
ab/ract1 b ! necessity ( practically    
deal+ ) !     difficulty (              
ov]-population has become a topic       
publicly discuss$     by /atesm5 &      
politicians4 ,x is no long] a "q :e!r   
x is exp$i5t to prev5t ! gr[? ( a paup] 
population1     ) all its att5dant      
mis]ies foll[+ ^u semi-/>vation1        
ov]-cr[d+1 disease1 & an enfeebl$       
national /am9a (     con/itution2 b h[  
c\ntries suff]+ f all ^! causes     (   
national decay %all av]t national disa/]
 by *eck+ !     production ( *ildr51 ^: 
lives mu/ be too (t5 a mis]y     to     
!mselves1 a burd5 to society1 & a dang] 
to ! ,/ate4   ,8 lord%ip po9t$ out t    
public op9ion has s f> advanc$ t !      
ab/ract necessity ( prud5tial limitation
 is n[ g5]ally admitt$4 ,/atesm51       
review]s1 & ecclesia/ics jo9 9 a common 
*orus ( exhortation aga9/ improvid5t    
m>riages to ! work+ classes1 & prea* to 

!m ! necessity ( def]r+ ! c]emony till  
!y h sav$ ! compet5cy necess>y to       
support ! truly ,briti% family ( t5 or  
twelve *ildr54 ,x is1 h[ev]1 futile to  
hope t celibacy & cont95ce w furni% !   
solution ( ! "q4 ,! ,prote/ant _w has   
reject$ ! idea ( a celibate cl]gy z     
incompatible ) purity & ! safety (      
female virtue4 ,h[1 !n1 c we expect t m5
 & wom51 ) _! moral nature m or less    
/unt$1 huddl$ toge!r 9 d5s :]e ! b>e    
conditions ( liv+ preclude ev5 elem5t>y 
ideas ( mode/y1 ) none ( ! pleasures (  
life save ^? enjoy$ 9 common ) !        
animals--444 ^! victims ( a social /ate1
 = :i* ! educat$ are responsible if !y d
 n use _! sup]ior wisdom & k = its      
r$ress1 to ex]cise all ! self-control ( 
:i* ! celibate ecclesia/ic is suppos$ to
 be incapable8  ,! judge !n proce$$ to  
argue t1 z ! evils ( ov]-population 7   
almo/ univ]sally recognis$1 ! duty (    
mak+ kn[n to ! p ! practical me?od (    
escap+ f !m mu/ also be recognis$3      
,:y is ! philosoph] :o describes !      

nature ( ! disease f     :i* we are     
suff]+1 :o detects ! causes :i* induce x
 &     ! g5]al "* ( ! rem$ies to be     
appli$1 to be reg>d$     z a sage & a   
b5efactor1 b 8 necess>y complem5t 9 !   
evolution ( a great idea1 ! man :o works
 out 9 practice !     !ories ( ! ab/ract
 ?9k]1 to be d5\nc$ z a crim9al8 ,x     
0 only :5 ,j5n] v5tur$ to act on ! !ory 
:i* he _h     f\nd$ ^u 8 obs]vations t  
he 0 d5\nc$ & vilifi$     9 language :i*
 x is n[ almo/ impossible to conceive4  
,all hi/ory1 h[ev]1 has %[n t public    
op9ion advances :il/ ! law rema9s       
/ation>y2 & m>tyrs mu/ suff] until ! law
 is br\ght into con=mity ) ! public     
consci5ce3       ,a c]ta9 numb] (       
prosecutions "u ! law1 a c]ta9 numb] (  
victims to ! ignorance or sup]/ition (  
^? :o fram$ x1     a c]ta9 numb] (      
refusals to convict "u a gr[+ s5se (    
its unwisdom1 inju/ice & b>b>ity1 seem  
to be 9 all societies     ! /ages pass$ 
?r\gh by laws e/abli%$ = ! purpose     (
 co]c+ ! op9ions ( mank9d be=e !y become

 obsolete1     if judge-made1 or1 if    
/atutes1 are repeal$ z inconsi/5t )     
advanc+ k4   ,) reg>d to ! pamphlet "u  
consid]ation1 ! judge po9t$ out t x did 
n come be=e !m z an obsc5e libel at     
common law4 ,! "q1 !re=e1 :e!r ! purpose
 advocat$ 9 ! book 7i4e41 ! limitation (
 families7 0 inconsi/5t ) ! morals (    
society1 0 n relevant4 ,!y _h only to   
enquire if ! details z to prud5tial     
*ecks1 giv5 9 t pamphlet1 7 inconsi/5t )
 dec5cy4 ,x _h be5 admitt$ 9 argum5t t !
 great] "p ( ! "w1 deal+ ) ! ab/ract    
necessity ( limit+ population1 0 n      
obsc5e4 ,! only portion aga9/ :i*       
obsc5ity 0 alleg$ 0 ! *apt] 9 :i* !     
means by :i* conception c\ld be prev5t$ 
7 /at$1 & 9 :i* ! female sexual organs 7
 describ$ z f> z necess>y = ! purpose4  
,! "q 0 ?us rais$--,:at is obsc5ity8    
,aft] quot+ ! def9ition ( ! ^w :i* _h   
be5 adopt$ 9 a previ\s case1 ,mr4       
,ju/ice ,w9dey] laid d[n ! pr9ciple t x 
is ! circum/ances "u :i* language is    
publi%$1 or acts done1 t det]m9e :e!r   

language or conduct is obsc5e4 ,no      
natural function ( ! body is obsc5e     
itself4 ,9 ! physical con/itution ( man1
 includ+ all 8 natural in/9cts1 !re is  
no?+ unholy or unclean4 ,b c]ta9 natural
 actions1 if p]=m$ 9 public1 w\ld be a  
gross outrage ^u dec5cy4 ,9 l mann]1    
language t might be p]missible &        
necess>y if us$ on c]ta9 occasions1 w\ld
 manife/ly be an outrage ^u dec5cy if   
us$ :5 occasion did n w>rant x3       ,!
 "q !re=e is1 :5 language is object$ to 
z obsc5e1     :e!r ! occasion ^u :i* x  
has be5 us$ w>rants its     use 9 !     
mann] resort$ to4 ,?is view ( ! law1 ,i 
f9d1     is tak5 by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ writ]
 ^u ! crim9al law     ( mod]n days--t   
mo/ acute ?9k]1 ,sir ,james ,/eph54 ,t  
le>n$ judge1 9 8 ,dige/ ( ! ,crim9al    
,law1 p4 #aje submits     ! foll[+ z !  
true view ( ! law ) ref]5ce to !        
publication ( matt] t w\ld be obsc5e if 
n ju/ifi$ by     ! occasion3      ,a    
p]son 7he says7 is ju/ifi$ 9 exhibit+   
disgu/+ objects1     or publi%+ obsc5e  

books1 pap]s1 writ+s1 pictures1 draw+s1 
or o!r repres5tations1 if _! exhibition 
or publication is =     ! public good1 z
 be+ necess>y or advantage\s to religion
     ( morality1 to ! adm9i/ration (    
ju/ice1 ! pursuit (     sci5ce1         
lit]ature or art1 or o!r objects ( g5]al
 int]e/2     b ! ju/ification ceases if 
! publication is made 9 su*     a mann]1
 to su* an ext5t1 or "u su*             
circum/ances1 z to     exce$ :at !      
public good requires 9 reg>d to !       
p>ticul>     matt] publi%$4   ,mr4      
,ju/ice ,w9dey] said he accept$ ?is view
 z ! law1 & ! "q = consid]ation 0 :e!r !
 *apt] detail+ prud5tial *ecks made !   
publication obsc5e4 ,to det]m9e ?is1 x 0
 necess>y to consid] ! "w z a :ole1 9   
ord] t x might be asc]ta9$ :e!r !       
language compla9$ ( 0 w>rant$ by !      
occasion3       ,z x _c be d5i$ t ! "q  
prop\nd$ = discussion     is ( enorm\s  
importance1 & t x is "r to advocate 9   
! ab/ract ! exp$i5cy ( *eck+ ! advanc+  
tide (     population1 x appe>s to me   

impossible to cont5d t language     :i* 
tells h[ ?is may be done is obsc5e if x 
goes no fur!r     ?an is necess>y = ?is 
purpose4 ,hav+ c>efully read !     ?ird 
*apt] ( ! pamphlet1 x appe>s to me to be
 writt5 9     all dec5t sobriety (      
language4 ,i see no?+ 9 its language    
:i* an e>ne/-m9d$ man or woman ( pure   
life & morals might     n use to "o ( 8 
or h] own sex1 if expla9+ to him or h]  
:at 0 necess>y 9 ord] to und]/& ! me?ods
 sugge/$     by :i* m>ri$ p c\ld prev5t 
! numb] ( _! *ildr5     increas+ beyond 
_! means ( support+ !m4 ,!re is no?+    
:i* po9ts to ! conclusion t any language
 is us$ )     ! int5tion ( excit+ feel+s
 ( wantonness & lu/2 &     x requires b 
slight acqua9tance ) ! m$ical pr(ession 
to discov] t ! advice giv5 9 ?is *apt]  
is frequ5tly     giv5 by !m to wom5     
suff]+ f ov]-*ildbe>+1 & to     ^? to   
:om p>turition is dang]\s4 ,! in=mation 
af=d$     9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! pamphlet1  
if giv5 by a m$ical man     to a pati5t 
suff]+ f ov]-mat]nity1 or if :isp]$ 9   

matrimonial confid5ce1 or imp>t$ 9 !    
privacy exi/+ betwe5     ! au?or & !    
read] ( h] pamphlet1 is n obsc5ity2 ?\gh
     ! public proclamation ( ! same     
in=mation on a plac>d 9     ,george     
,/reet or ,piccadilly1 s t all :o ran   
might read1     w\ld be an obsc5ity ( ! 
grosse/ k9d1 s cle>ly d !               
circum/ances ( a publication alt] its   
"*4 ,if admitt$1     z x is1 t !        
in=mation1 physiological & o!rwise1 giv5
     9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 c be f\nd 9 m$ical 
works ( an exp5sive k9d1     x _c affect
 ! "* ( ! in=mation = obsc5ity     t x  
is giv5 9 a *eap =m4 ,in=mation _c be   
pure1     *a/e & legal 9 morocco at a   
gu9ea1 b impure1 obsc5e     & indictable
 9 a pap] pamphlet at sixp5ce4 ,!       
in=mation1     to be ( value 9 a        
national po9t ( view z a safegu>d f     
! mis]ies ( ov]-population & ov]cr[d+1  
mu/ be giv5     :olesale to ! masses    
likely to ov]-bre$4 ,! "t is pa/ :5     
k c be kept z ! exclusive privilege (   
any ca/e or     class4 ,! fact t a book 

may excite pruri5t ?\ghts if us$     = t
 purpose by ! l[-m9d$ & ! "y1 does n    
make     x obsc5e4      ,! objection :i*
 has be5 urg$1 t ! means sugge/$ =     !
 prev5tion ( conception might be avail$ 
( by ! unm>ri$     & immoral = ! purpose
 ( enabl+ !m safely to indulge 9        
vice1 is simply ! application to ?is    
subject ( ! explod$     delusion t k is 
a dang]\s ?+4444 ,! "t is     surely pa/
 :5 c\nt5ance c be giv5 to ! argum5t t  
a k ( any tru?1 ei!r 9 physics or 9 !   
doma9 (     ?\ght1 is to be /ifl$       
because its abuse might be dang]\s to   
society4 ,! gu>dian%ip ( ! eunu* & !    
seclusion ( !     h>em 7 n necess>y to  
build up ! national "* (     ,engli%    
wom5 = *a/ity2 & x is an insult to !m to
 argue     t x is necess>y to keep !m 9 
ignorance on sexual matt]s     to ma9ta9
 x4 ,ignorance is no m ! "m ( *a/ity ?an
     ( true religion4   ,mr4 ,ju/ice    
,w9dey] !n exam9$ ! cont5tion t !       
prud5tial limitation ( families is a    
violation ( natural laws & a fru/ration 

( nature's ends3       ,! argum5t t     
nature int5ds e woman to conceive z     
(t5 z is possible w\ld1 if c>ri$ to its 
logical conclusion1     result 9 !      
,indian cu/om ( m>ry+ e female *ild ^u  
rea*+ pub]ty 9 ord] t no opportunity (  
conception %\ld     be lo/4 ,9 all o!r  
matt]s ( bre$+ b ! all-important "o     
( ! bre$+ ( ! human race1 ! aim ( man is
 to defeat !     effects ( nature's laws
 ( reproduction1 & to limit ! numb]     
& k9d ( animals produc$ to ! am\nt      
requir$ = ! use     ( man4 ,! =ces (    
nature1 bl9d & ru?less 9 _! effect1     
we control & defeat 9 _! op]ation by all
 ! means t     sci5ce places at our     
comm&4 ,to protect *ur*es & hospitals   
f ! op]ation ( nature's laws1 we put up 
conductors to arre/     ! inexorable    
effects ( lightn+1 :i* w\ld             
remorselessly     de/roy :at piety &    
humanity w\ld protect4 ,! c\rse (       
nature is to kill a noble woman1 a      
devot$ wife & lov+ "m1     if h] pelvis 
is too small to admit ! deliv]y ( a *ild

 )     an abnormally l>ge head4 ,!      
practice ( civilis$ man1 aid$ by        
sci5ce1 is 9 su* a case ( p>turition to 
de/roy ! infant     & to save ! "m4 ,!  
int]f]5ce ) ! c\rse ( nature     is     
direct1 ! practice 9 no way natural2 b  
enlight5$ public     op9ion 9 no way    
condemns x4 ,b if ! pelvis ( a woman is 
s     unusually small t %e nev] c be    
deliv]$ ( a *ild b at     ! p]il ( h]   
life1 :]e is ! immorality 9 ! husb& &   
wife resort+ to any prev5tive *ecks t   
may pres]ve a life     t is de> & p]haps
 valuable to ! _w8 ,x is unreason+      
prejudice alone t />ts ! objection t su*
 prev5tion     ( all ! physical agony   
involv$ 9 a pa9ful & dang]\s     deliv]y
 & possible loss ( life is immoral &    
unnatural4   ,! case ( ! ,que5 v]sus    
,bradlaugh & ,besant 7ref]r$ to at l5g? 
9 ! prec$+ *apt]7 _h be5 cit$ z an      
au?ority 9 support ( ! cont5tion t ,!   
,law ( ,population 0 an obsc5e book1    
inasmu* z ! pamphlet :i* 0 ! subject ( t
 prosecution1 & = ! publication ( :i* ! 

def5dants 7 convict$1 advocat$ !        
adoption ( prev5tive *ecks4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,w9dey]1 h[ev]1 refus$ to accept t case
 z a b9d+ prec$5t3       ,z ,i h already
 po9t$ out1 ! case _c be reg>d$ z     an
 au?ority ^u t po9t1 z !re ! "q 0 :e!r  
! pamphlet 0 an obsc5e libel4 ,:e!r !   
v]dict ( !     jury 0 "r 9 t case is n a
 matt] ( law1 b (     op9ion4 ,read+ !  
summ+-up ( ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cockburn  
) "s k ( judicial modes ( putt+ crim9al 
cases     to a jury1 x appe>s to me t1  
?\gh express+ no direct     op9ion z to 
its "*1 ! le>n$ ,*ief ,ju/ice ?\ght     
t ! book 0 n an obsc5e libel1 & 0       
cauti\sly guid+     ! jury to t         
conclusion4 ,by ! op9ion ( a jury com+  
to     ! consid]ation ( s delicate a "q 
( social sci5ce z     0 submitt$ to !m1 
probably )\t any previ\s acqua9tance    
) subjects ( ! k9d1 ,i decl9e to be 9   
any way b\nd2 &     ,i h no hesitation 9
 say+ t1 _h ,i be5 a memb] ( !     jury1
 ,i %\ld h act$ ^u ! reason+ ( ,"l ,*ief
 ,ju/ice     ,cockburn1 & acquitt$ !    

def5dants4 ,n only does ! :ole     t5or 
( 8 ,lord%ip's summ+-up appe> to me     
argum5tatively 9     favor ( !          
def5dants1 b1 f c]ta9 passages1 x appe>s
     to me t ! inf]5ce is cle>ly to be  
drawn t he nei!r     ?\ght !            
physiological details ( ! book 7 obsc5e1
     nor 0 ( op9ion t its tea*+ w\ld    
promote immorality4   ,mr4 ,ju/ice      
,w9dey] quot$ sev]al passages f !       
judgm5t ( ,sir ,alex&] ,cockburn 9      
support ( 8 view t ! ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice  
did n reg>d ! prev5tive *ecks recomm5d$ 
z immoral4 ,h[1 he ask$1 c\ld any       
reasonable man condemn z immoral ! wi% (
 m>ri$ p to br+ no m *ildr5 into ! _w   
?an !y c support1 & ! adoption ( !      
necess>y means to effect t wi%8         
,in/ead ( poor1 let a case ( consumptive
 p>5ts be tak51 or     ( p>5ts "o ( :om 
has develop$ symptoms ( insanity4 ,:o   
c\ld suppose t any jury w\ld reg>d any  
means adopt$ by     !m to prev5t !      
procreation ( a numb] ( *ildr51 diseas$ 
& rickety1 or c]ta9 to inh]it a ta9t (  

insanity1 w\ld be     o!rwise ?an       
natural & "r1 & ! adoption ( any means  
t m$ical sci5ce c\ld sugge/ to prev5t x 
n only n     immoral b laudable 9 !     
highe/ degree8 ,if x is n immoral to    
d :at ! pamphlet advocates1 x seems to  
me impossible to argue     t ! m]e      
advocacy itself is a p5al (f5ce4 ,! "q  
is1     ,:]e does ! immorality come 98  
,wrongs c only be reg>d$     z su* 9 _! 
relation to o!rs1 or z self-reg>d+4 ,is 
!re 9 ! adoption ( prev5tive int]c\rse  
any invasion (     ! rights ( o!rs8     
,c]ta9ly none4 ,! use ( ! prev5tive     
*ecks c only be view$ z a possible wrong
 9 ! light ( a     self-reg>d+ "o4 ,h[ c
 x be argu$ ) any %[ ( s\nd     reason t
 ! use ( prev5tive *ecks 7adopt$1       
p]haps1     f ! det]m9ation n to br+    
into ! _w *ildr5 t     _c be ev5 f$7 c  
be morally injuri\s to p]sons animat$   
by a s5se ( duty f\nd$ ^u ! noble/      
altruism8 ,! _w     w\ld h little ne$ ( 
p5al /atutes if a consid]ation (     !  
rights ( o!rs actuat$ ! conduct ( all   

mank9d4 ,active     altruism--!         
di/9ctive feature ( ,*ri/ian tea*+1     
inculcat$     9 ! precept1 ,d unto o!rs 
z y w\ld m5 %\ld d unto     y--c nev] 9 
its application injuri\sly react ^u !   
moral nature ( ^? :o seek to put x 9 =ce
 ) reg>d     to any conduct :i* may     
affect ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,!     pr(\nd 
law ( e?ics1 t 9 try+ to d good to o!rs 
we     unconsci\sly b5efit ourselves1 is
 no less true "h ?an 9 all     o!r      
phases ( human conduct4 ,e ?\ght        
ent]ta9$1 e     ef=t made = ! good (    
o!rs1 mu/ elevate ! ?9k] &     ! actor4 
,:o w say t ! l[ & vici\s p>5ts ( ,ea/  
,london's gutt] *ildr51 br\ght up amid/ 
all ! moral horrors     ( ov]-cr[d+1    
half-/>v$1 & /unt$ 9 gr[?1 )\t          
elem5t>y notions ( dec5cy or            
morality--:o w say t su*     p>5ts w\ld 
n h be5 morally sup]ior if !y c\ld h    
se5 ! wrong !y 7 do+ 9 br++ su* (fspr+  
into     ! _w1 & _h tak5 measures to    
prev5t x8 ,:o w say     t ! future (    
society w\ld n h an inf9itely bett]     

outlook if ! bre$+ ( su* *ildr5 7 to be 
prev5t$ by     ! conjugal prud5ce (     
p>5ts 9 resort+ to ! use ( su*     means
 z w\ld prev5t _! procreation8 ,x is    
idle to prea* to     ! masse1 !         
necessity ( def]r$ m>riage & ( a        
celibate     life dur+ ! heyday (       
passion4 ,to attempt to /ifle ! cry (   
human nature utt]$ 9 ! voice ( its mo/  
p[]ful in/9ct1     is inde$ to fly 9 !  
face ( nature4 ,l all attempts to       
regulate conduct by ignor+ ! facts (    
human nature1 x mu/     signally fail4  
,pro/itution ) all its horrors is !     
outcome     ( en=c$ unnatural celibacy4 
,to use & n abuse1 to direct     &      
control 9 its op]ation any ,god-giv5    
faculty1 is ! true     aim ( man1 ! true
 object ( all morality4   ,9 conclud+   
?is memorable judgm5t1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice     
,w9dey] decl>$ t he w\ld n seek to evade
 ! responsibility ( decid+ ! matt]      
submitt$ to him by %ield+ himself beh9d 
! decisions ( o!r judges ^: unreason$   
op9ions 7 ( no weight aga9/ unrefut$    

argum5ts3       ,s /rong is ! dread ( ! 
_w's c5sure ^u ?is topic1     t few h   
c\rage op5ly to express _! views ^u x2 &
     its nature is su* t x is only among
 ?9k]s :o discuss all     subjects1 or  
among/ intimate acqua9tances1 t         
community (     ?\ght ^u ?is "q is      
discov]$4 ,b let anyone inquire         
among/ ^? :o h suffici5t education &    
ability to ?9k     = !mselves1 & :o d n 
idly float1 slaves to ! curr5t (        
conv5tional op9ion1 & he w discov] t    
numb]s ( m5 &     wom5 ( pure/ lives1 ( 
noble/ aspirations1 pi\s1 cultivat$1    
& ref9$1 see no moral wrong 9 tea*+ !   
ignorant t x     is wrong to br+ into ! 
_w *ildr5 to :om !y _c d     ju/ice1 &  
:o ?9k x folly to /op %ort 9 tell+ !m   
simply & pla9ly h[ to prev5t x4 ,a m    
robu/ view (     morals tea*es t x is   
pu]ile to ignore human passions &       
human physiology4 ,a cle>] p]ception (  
tru? & ! safety (     tru/+ to x1 tea*es
 t 9 law z 9 religion x is useless      
try+ to limit ! k ( mank9d by any       

inquisitorial     attempts to place ^u a
 judicial index expurgatorius works     
writt5     ) an e>ne/ purpose1 & comm5d+
 !mselves to ?9k]s (     well-balanc$   
m9ds4 ,i w be no p>ty to any su*        
attempt4 ,i d     n believe t x 0 ev]   
meant t ! ,obsc5e ,publication ,act     
%\ld apply to cases ( ?is k9d1 b only to
 ! publication     ( su* matt] z all    
good m5 w\ld reg>d z lewd & fil?y1      
to lewd & bawdy novels1 pictures &      
exhibitions evid5tly     publi%$ & giv5 
= lucre's sake4 ,x c\ld nev] h be5      
int5d$ to /ifle ! expression ( ?\ght by 
! e>ne/-m9d$     on a subject (         
transc5d5t national importance l !      
pres5t2     & ,i w n /ra9 x = t purpose4
 ,z po9t$ out by ,"l     ,*ief ,ju/ice  
,cockburn 9 ! case ( ! ,que5 v]sus      
,bradlaugh     & ,besant1 all           
prosecutions ( ?is k9d %\ld be reg>d$ z 
mis*iev\s1 ev5 by ^? :o disapprove ( !  
op9ions s\ght     to be /ifl$1 inasmu* z
 !y only t5d m widely to diffuse     !  
tea*+ object$ to4 ,to ^? on ! o!r h& :o 

desire     its promulgation1 x mu/ be   
matt] ( congratulation t ?is1     l all 
attempt$ p]secutions ( ?9k]s1 w defeats 
its     own object1 & t tru?1 l a tor*1 
! m x's %ook     x %9es4      ,z x seems
 to me t ?is book is nei!r obsc5e 9 its 
language1 nor by its tea*+ incites p to 
obsc5ity1 ,i am     ( op9ion t !        
prohibition %\ld g4   ,mr4 ,ju/ice      
,/eph5 concurr$ 9 ! judgm5t giv51 & !   
conviction ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,coll9s 0     
!re=e set aside4  ,we may fitt+ly       
conclude ?is *apt] by reproduc+ f ,!    
,mal?usian a note 9 :i* ! writ] briefly 
describes ! "* ( ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,w9dey]3  
,9 e>ly life ,i met ,mr4 ,w9dey] at 8   
h\se at ,tomago1 on ! ,hunt] ,riv]4 ,8  
fa!r1 !n dead1 _h be5 q a notable man 9 
! colony1 z an able1 intrepid1 popul> & 
high-m9d$ politician2 & "y ,w9dey] seem$
 to be 8 fa!r's son--frank1 op51        
unaffect$1 & ) a f9e g5tlemanly be>+4   
,s9ce !n1 8 c>e] has q fulfill$ its e>ly
 promise2 &1 = y1 z a w>m advocate (    
,new-,mal?usianism1 ! /r5g? ( support & 

enc\ragem5t lies1 ,i ?9k1 v mu* 9 ! fact
 t ,ju/ice ,w9dey] is n only a man (    
great legal ability b ( high moral "*4  
,,*apt] ,v4  ,,prud5tial ,,*ecks4   ,if 
! validity ( ! ,mal?usian position be   
admitt$1 !re is no logical escape f !   
conclusion t ! k ( innoc5t means by :i* 
families may be limit$ %\ld be convey$  
to ! p4 ,yet1 ) *>act]i/ic inconsi/5cy1 
! public advocacy ( ,mal?usianism 9 !   
ab/ract is reg>d$ ) approval1 :il/ !    
practical application ( ! pr9ciple is   
met ) ! p>rot-cry ( obsc5ity1 & m5ac$ ) 
p5al infliction4 ,9 ! ,w9dey] judgm5t x 
w be not$ t ! proce$+s aga9/ ,mr4       
,coll9s 7 bas$ n ^u ^? portions ( ,mrs4 
,besant's pamphlet 9 :i* ! subject 0    
philosophically discuss$1 b ^u !        
passages 9 :i* ! prev5tive *ecks 7      
describ$4 ,an em95t ,engli% /atesman1   
,mr4 ,john ,morley1 has insi/$ 9 a      
public spee* ^u ! vital importance ( !  
population "q1 &1 he add$1 ,i wi% t we  
did n %irk x s mu*4 ,a popul> ,engli%   
cl]gyman1 ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,haweis1 has  

decl>$ 9 a popul> weekly newspap] t !   
mo/ important rem$y = pov]ty is to      
control ! family gr[?1 accord+ to !     
family means ( support4 ,b :5 ! social  
re=m] passes f vague precept to direct  
in/ruction1 he is confront$ by an       
anomal\s law :i* ?reat5s him z a foe to 
public morality4  ,! tragical elem5t 9  
?is o!rwise ridicul\s inconsi/5cy lies 9
 ! fact t ! k ( prud5tial *ecks is d5i$ 
to ! v class :i* mo/ urg5tly ne$s su*   
in=mation4 ,x is ! poor alone :o suff]  
acutely f ! effects ( ov]-population3 x 
is !y :o feel ! actual /+ ( want :5 !   
small wage is di/ribut$ ov] a l>ge      
family-area4 ,= ! well-to-d !re is no   
my/]y conc]n+ prud5tial *ecks4 ,! family
 doctor w :isp] discreetly into ! e> ( !
 weal?y matron ^: quiv] is suffici5tly  
fill$4 ,exp5sive m$ical works conta9+   
full in/ructions are at ! comm& ( ^? :o 
c af=d to buy !m4 ,:y %\ld ! poor be    
kept 9 ignorance ^u a matt] ( supreme   
importance to !m8  ,^u ! subject (      
prud5tial *ecks ! m$ical pr(ession z a  

body has af=d$ little or no assi/ance4  
,"h1 z 9 _m o!r matt]s1 doctors diff]2 &
 no /eps h z yet be5 tak5 to asc]ta91 by
 sci5tific inve/igation1 ! be/ me?od (  
prev5t+ conception4 ,! *ecks n[ to be   
describ$ are ( two k9ds--fir/1 ^? 9 :i* 
success dep5ds ^u self-control2 &1      
second1 ^? 9 :i* me*anical appliances   
are us$4     ,i4  ,! practice ( )drawal 
imm$iately be=e ! act ( coition is      
complet$ obta9s v ext5sively 9 ,france4 
,?is1 ! mo/ anci5t ( kn[n me?ods1 is    
ref]r$ to 9 ! ,bible 7,g5esis xxxviii4  
#h-i74 ,! efficacy ( ! *eck dep5ds1 (   
c\rse1 entirely ^u ! self-control ( !   
husb&1 & failure is !re=e always        
possible4 ,x may be m5tion$ t ?is plan  
has sometimes be5 object$ to on ! gr\nd 
( suppos$ injury to heal?2 b no evid5ce 
has be5 adduc$ 9 support ( ! objection4 
,on ! o!r h&1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,drysdale has
 asc]ta9$ by p]sonal enquiry t #ajj     
memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession 9 ,p>is _h  
only #agd *ildr5 9 all _! m>ri$ lives1  
or n two z an av]age4444 ,! "q ( !      

effect produc$ ^u ! heal? ( ! p>5ts by !
 use ( ! physical *eck ( ,g5esis        
xxxviii4 0 discuss$ at ! meet+ ( !      
,int]national ,m$ical ,congress at      
,am/]dam 9 #ahgi2 & two m$ical m5 (     
great di/9ction--,,mm4 ,lutaud &        
,leblanc--ass]t$ di/9ctly t ^! practices
 ( family physical prud5ce 9 ,france 7 9
 no way productive ( ill-heal? to ei!r  
conjo9t4 ,&1 z !y 7 univ]sally made use 
( by ! m$ical m5 ( ,p>is 9 limit+ _! own
 families1 x 0 v unlikely t su* damage  
to heal? z _h be5 spok5 ( w\ld n h be5  
not$ & cle>ly describ$ long ago if x    
exi/$ 9 nature4  ,ab/95ce f int]c\rse   
dur+ a c]ta9 p]iod is said to be an     
effectual me?od ( avoid+ conception4    
,?is1 h[ev]1 re/s ^u ! assumption t a   
female is m likely to conceive          
imm$iately be=e or aft] m5/ruation 7!   
mon?ly fl[74 ,if connection d n take    
place )9 five days be=e1 or eight days  
aft]1 m5/ruation1 ! probability (       
pregnancy is suppos$ to be dim9i%$4     
,,ii4  ,( ! v>i\s appliances :i* h be5  

devis$ = ! prev5tion ( conception1 !    
simple/ & mo/ effectual is ! %ea?       
7commonly kn[n z ! ,fr5* ,lett]74 ,?is  
an envelope ( sk9 or v ?9 rubb]1 & is   
us$ by ! husb&4 ,x completely cov]s !   
male organ1 &1 be+ clos$ at ! extremity1
 prev5ts ! sem5 f be+ dis*>g$ into !    
vag9a4 ,x is obvi\s t1 if ! %ea? rema9  
intact1 x is impossible = conception to 
take place4 ,! only dang] to be gu>d$   
aga9/ is ! break+ or p]=ation ( ! %ea?1 
:i* %\ld 9 all cases be c>efully exam9$ 
be=e use4 ,! mat]ial may be te/$ by     
/ret*+ x g5tly ov] ! inside ( ! ?umb1 :5
 ! smalle/ fracture c be detect$4 ,if   
%ea?s ( good quality 7n necess>ily      
exp5sive7 be us$1 & reasonable c>e tak5 
to avoid accid5tal breakage1 ?is *eck is
 ,,c]ta94  ,! ,enema ,syr+e is an       
in/rum5t frequ5tly employ$ = prev5tive  
purposes4 ,a solution 7compos$ ( a      
teaspoonful ( alum dissolv$ 9 a p9t (   
cold or tepid wat]7 is inject$ by !     
female imm$iately aft] connection4 ,!   
v]tical & rev]se syr+e is m likely to   

act effici5tly ?an ! ord9>y enema4  ,a v
 simple & inexp5sive me?od is ! use ( a 
small piece ( f9e sponge1 soak$ 9 w>m   
wat]1 & plac$ 9 su* a position z to cov]
 ! m\? ( ! womb4 ,! *ances ( failure are
 dim9i%$ by saturat+ ! sponge ) a       
solution ( qu99e4  ,pess>ies ( v>i\s    
k9ds are sometimes us$ to prev5t        
conception4 ,! simple pess>y 7( :i* !re 
are sev]al modifications7 is a small    
dome-%ap$ appliance1 made ( ?9 rubb]1 & 
con/ruct$ to fit closely r\nd ! neck ( !
 womb4 ,if c>efully adju/$ & reta9$ 9   
position1 ! pess>y may be reli$ ^u4  ,( 
late ye>s a new =m ( pess>y has be5     
introduc$ & is /at$ to h be5 us$ ) m>k$ 
success4 ,x consi/s ( a small cone (    
cacao-butt]1 *>g$ ) qu99e4 ,! pess>y is 
ins]t$ a few m9utes be=e connection     
takes place2 ! qu99e1 be+ lib]at$ by !  
dissolution ( ! fatty sub/ance1 de/roys 
! vitality ( ! sem9al fluid4         ,,!
 ,,mal?usian ,,league4  7,f\nd$ 9       
#ahgg47   ,presid5t3  ,c4 ,r4           
,,drysdale1 ,m4,d41 ,m4,r4,c4,p4 ,lond41

 ,f4,r4,c4,s4 ,eng4   ,vice-,presid5ts3 
,seor ,aldecoa1 ,director ( ,gov]nm5t   
,*>ities1 ,madrid4  ,mr4 ,g4 ,&]son1    
,c4,e4  ,m4 ,yves ,guyot1 ,deput1 ,rue  
de ,se9e1 ,p>is4  ,mr4 ,g]rits51        
,am/]dam1 ,holl&4  ,mr4 ,s4 ,van ,h\t51 
,deput1 ,! ,hague4  ,mr4 ,p4 ,murugesa  
,mudali>1 ,madras4  ,mr4 ,t4 ,p>ris4    
,dr4 ,/ille1 ,hanov]4  ,dr4 ,giovanni   
,t>i1 ,naples4  ,dr4 ,alice ,vickeby4   
,hon4 ,secret>y3  ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4          
,reynolds1 ,new ,cross1 ,london1 ,s4,e4 
,,rules4   ,i4--,"n4  ,t ?is ,society be
 call$ ,! ,mal?usian ,league4           
,,ii4--,objects4  ,t ! objects ( ?is    
,society be3  #a4 ,to agitate = !       
abolition ( all p5alties on ! public    
discussion ( ! ,population ,"q1 & to    
obta9 su* a /atutory def9ition z %all   
r5d] x impossible1 9 ! future1 to br+   
su* discussions )9 ! scope ( ! common   
law z a misdemeanor4  #b4 ,to spread    
among ! p1 by all practicable means1 a k
 ( ! law ( population1 ( its            
consequ5ces1 & ( its be>+ ^u human      

conduct & morals4   ,,iii4--,pr9ciples4 
#a4 ,t population has a con/ant t5d5cy  
to increase beyond ! means ( subsi/5ce4 
#b4 ,t ! *ecks :i* c\nt]act ?is t5d5cy  
are resolvable into positive or         
life-de/roy+1 & prud5tial or            
bir?-re/rict+4  #c4 ,t ! positive or    
life-de/roy+ *ecks compreh5d ! premature
 dea? ( *ildr5 & adults by disease1     
/>vation1 w> & infanticide4  #d4 ,t !   
prud5tial or bir?-re/rict+ *eck consi/s 
9 ! limitation ( (fspr+ by ab/5tion f   
m>riage1 or by prud5ce aft] m>riage4    
#e4 ,t prolong$ ab/5tion f m>riage--z   
advocat$ by ,mal?us--is productive ( _m 
diseases & ( mu* sexual vice2 e>ly      
m>riage1 on ! contr>y1 t5ds to ensure   
sexual purity1 dome/ic com=t1 social    
happ9ess1 & individual heal?2 b x is a  
grave social (f5ce = m5 & wom5 to br+   
into ! _w m *ildr5 ?an !y c adequately  
h\se1 fe$1 clo! & educate4  #f4 ,t      
ov]-population is ! mo/ fruitful s\rce (
 paup]ism1 ignorance1 crime & disease4  
#g4 ,t ! full & op5 discussion ( !      

,population ,"q is a matt] ( vital mom5t
 to society1 & su* discussion %\ld be   
absolutely unfett]$ by fe> ( legal      
p5alties4   ,,iv4--,executive4  #a4 ,t !
 (fic]s ( ! ,league consi/ ( a presid5t1
 vice-presid5ts1 c\ncil1 treasur]1      
secret>ies1 solicitor & auditors4  #b4  
,t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,league be ve/$ 9 a   
c\ncil1 consi/+ ( a presid5t1           
vice-presid5ts1 & secret>y 7by virtue ( 
_! respective (fices71 ( tw5ty memb]s :o
 %all be elect$ annually at a g5]al     
meet+1 & ( a duly-appo9t$ repres5tative 
f ea* bran* ( ! ,league :i* may h]eaft] 
be =m$4  #c4 ,t ! c\ncil h p[] to appo9t
 a treasur] & secret>ies f among/ its   
own memb]s2 to elect a presid5t1        
vice-presid5ts1 & solicitor1 subject to 
! approval ( ! next g5]al meet+2 to fill
 up vacancies 9 its own ranks1 & to make
 ! necess>y bye-laws = c>ry+ out ^! laws
 & = ! g5]al managem5t ( ! ,league4  #d4
 ,t all c&idates = election z (fic]s    
%all be nom9at$ "o mon? be=e ! annual   
g5]al meet+1 & t su* nom9ation %all be  

publicly ann\nc$1 ! =m & mann] to be    
det]m9$ by ! c\ncil4   ,v4--,memb]%ip4  
,t ! conditions ( memb]%ip be an annual 
subscription ( "o %ill+1 :i* %all be    
tak5 to imply adhesion to ! rules ( !   
,league2 or an annual subscription ( two
 %ill+s1 :i* %all entitle ! subscrib] to
 receive ! ,mal?usian4 ,to con/itute    
life memb]%ip1 a s+le paym5t ( "o gu9ea4
   ,,vi4--,g5]al ,meet+s4  #a4 ,t a     
g5]al meet+ be held once a ye>1 at su*  
place & "t z ! c\ncil %all det]m9e1 at  
:i* meet+ ! pres5tation ( ! report &    
balance %eet & ! election ( (fic]s %all 
take prec$5ce ( all o!r bus9ess4  #b4   
,t1 on ! receipt ( a requisition sign$  
by n less ?an tw5ty-five memb]s1 a      
special g5]al meet+ be1 )9 "o mon?1     
call$ by ! c\ncil4 ,no o!r bus9ess b t  
set =? on ! notice call+ ! meet+ %all be
 tak5 into consid]ation4  #c4 ,t ! vot+ 
at all meet+s be tak5 by %[ ( h&s1      
except :5 a poll is dem&$1 :5 ! vot+    
%all be tak5 by ballot4                 
,,vii4--,expulsion4  ,t ! c\ncil h p[]  

to expel any memb]1 b ! memb] s expell$ 
%all h a "r ( appeal to ! annual g5]al  
meet+1 or to a special g5]al meet+ call$
 = t purpose4   ,,viii4--,alt]ation (   
,rules4  ,t no alt]ation be made 9 ^!   
rules1 except at an annual g5]al meet+1 
by ! vote ( two-?irds ( ^? pres5t1 two  
mon?s' notice ( ! propos$ alt]ation hav+
 be5 giv5 to ! c\ncil4                  
,,ov]-,,population2 a ,lecture deliv]$ =
 ! ,sunday ,lecture ,society1 "u ! title
 ,! ,law ( ,population3 its ,mean+ &    
,m5ace4 ,by ,john ,m4 ,rob]tson4 ,po/   
free1 #b #a_/b;d4  ,,pla9 ,,home-,,talk1
 by ,edw>d ,b4 ,foote1 ,m4,d4           
7,u4,s4,a47 embrac+ ,m$ical ,common     
,s5se4 #iji pages1 ) #bjj illu/rations4 
,cont5ts3 ,! cause1 ,prev5tion1 & ,cure 
( ,disease--,! ,food     we ,eat--,!    
,liquids we ,dr9k--,! ,atmosph]e we     
,live 9--,!     ,clo!s we ,we>--,bad    
,habits ( ,*ildr5 & ,y\?--,bad ,habits (
     ,manhood & ( ,womanhood--,sexual   
,/>vation--,h[ to h ,heal?y             
,babies--,private ,words to             

,m5--,impot5cy--,hi/ory ( ,m>riage1 etc4
       ,! book is c>efully & ?\ghtfully 
writt5 9 pla9 language1     easily      
und]/ood1 & ) ! object ( mak+ its read]s
     bett] p>5ts & bett] citiz5s ?r\gh !
 k obta9$     ( !mselves & _! duty to   
o!rs4 ,no p>5t %\ld be     )\t ?is book4
 ,useful = e-day ref]5ce4     ,po/ free1
     six %ill+s4   ,,dr4 ,,foote',s     
,,h&book ,,( ,,heal?1 compris+ in=mation
 ( ! utmo/ importance to all :o wi% to  
enjoy life4 #abh pages1 po/ free1 #a_/a4
  ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,writ+s ,,( ,t4 ,r4   
,,mal?us4 ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,drysdale1 ,m4,d4 
#abj pages1 ) portrait ( ,mal?us4 ,%\ld 
be read by e /ud5t ( social problems4   
,po/ free1 #h;d4  ,,! ,,population ,,"q4
 ,by ,dr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,drysdale4 ,a c>eful &
 complete /atem5t ( ! ,neo-,mal?usian   
position4 #ajj pp41 /\t wrapp]2 po/ free
 #h;d4  ,,! ,,ov]-,,gr[? ,,(            
,,population1 ,,& ,,its ,,rem$y4 ,an    
,address to m5 only1 deliv]$ at ,lambe? 
,ba?s on ,tuesday1 ,janu>y #ae?1 #ahhi1 
by ,william ,lant ,c>p5t]1 ,b4,a41      

,b4,sc4 ,po/ free1 #b;d4  ,,e>ly        
,,m>riage ,,& ,,late ,,p>5tage4 ,! only 
,solution ( ! ,social ,problem4 ,by     
,oxoni5sis4 ,po/ free1 #b #a_/b;d4  ,,! 
,,cause ,,( ,,pov]ty4 ,a pap] read at ! 
,national ,lib]al ,club1 by ,dr4 ,c4 ,r4
 ,drysdale4 ,po/ free #b;d4  ,,pov]ty3  
,its ,cause & ,cure4 ,by ,m4 ,g4 ,h4    
,po/ free1 #b;d4         ,,notes   #a   
,?is has already be5 admirably done 9   
two pamphlets by ,dr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,drysdale1
 ,presid5t ( ! ,mal?usian ,league3 7#a7 
,! ,life & ,writ+s ( ,mal?us2 7#b7 ,!   
,population ,"q4  #b ,preface to        
,special ,report ( ,trial4  #c ,lucif]1 
,july1 #ahia4  #d ,see ,app5dix4