,illustration3 ,this spirit-face is the realisation of a high ideal of beauty1 sweetness1 and spirituality4 ,the beauty of it we cannot now fully comprehend2 but1 as we gaze on it1 we may say in the words of ,michael ,angelo3-- 8,souls burn for souls--spirits to spirits cry1 ,i seek the splendour in thy fair face stord2 ,yet living man that beauty scarce can learn1 ,and he who fain would find it first must die40 ,see page #ib1 tenth line4 ,,the ,,veil ,,lifted4 ,,modern ,,developments ,,of ,,spirit ,,photography4 ,with ,twelve ,illustrations4 ,a ,,paper ,,by ,j4 ,,traill ,,taylor ,,describing ,,experiments ,,in ,,psychic ,,photography4 ,,letter ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,haweis1 ,m4,a4 ,,addresses ,,by ,,james ,,robertson1 ,,glasgow4 ,,and ,,miscellanea ,,by ,,the ,,editor1 ,,andrew ,,glendinning4 ,,london3 ,,whittaker ,,co41 ,,white ,,hart ,,street1 ,e4,c4 #ahid4 8,kant expressed himself favourable to the view that a world of supersensuous beings environs this planet1 and that the establishment of communication with such beings is only a matter of time40--,e4 ,d4 ,,fawcett4 99 99 99 99 99 8,before many months are over1 ,i think it will be admitted by every candid mind that the persistence of the individual after death1 and the possibility of communicating with that individual1 has been as well established on a scientific basis as any other fact in nature4 ,that1 you may think1 is a bold assertion4 ,it is not an assertion2 it is a prophecy1 based upon facts which are within my own knowledge1 and of which ,i speak with as much confidence as ,i do of anything which has ever come within my own personal observation40--,w4 ,t4 ,,stead1 in ,the ,review of ,reviews1 ,jan4 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 8,personally1 we consider ,spiritualism a valuable bulwark against the inroads of ,materialistic ,atheism40--,,saladin1 in ,the ,agnostic ,journal4 ,,preface4 ,the publication in the ,british ,journal of ,photography of ,mr4 ,taylor's ,paper1 with the proceedings of the meeting at which it was read1 has aroused a wide-spread and deep interest in the subject4 ,the principal portions of it1 and1 in some instances the whole of the ,paper1 together with editorial comments1 have subsequently appeared in newspapers and journals in ,canada1 ,australia1 ,india1 ,america1 and other countries4 ,as his experiments will be a matter of historical interest1 many scientific men will be pleased to have his ,paper in this book form1 with the reproductions of two of the psychic pictures which he obtained on his photographic plates4 ,the term 8spirit photographs0 is generally used to describe photographs of psychic entities who cannot be seen by ordinary persons1 but can be photographed by a medium1 or with the help of a medium1 and with the co-operation of these unseen entities4 ,such portraits are obtained both indoors and in the open air1 with and without a background1 by natural light and by artificial light2 and1 in the case of 8materialised0 forms at sances1 which are visible to every person present1 the portraits have sometimes been taken by light produced by the spirits1 the exact nature of which is unknown4 ,the following may serve as a rough classification of what are called spirit photographs3-- #a4 ,portraits of psychical entities not seen by normal vision4 #b4 ,pictures of objects not seen nor thought of by the sitter or by the medium or operator2 such as flowers1 words1 crosses1 crowns1 lights1 and various emblematic objects4 #c4 ,pictures which have the appearance of being copied from statues1 paintings1 or drawings4 ,sometimes these are busts or heads only4 ,the flatness in some photographs of this class is supposed1 by persons who have not investigated the subject1 to be proof that the photographs are produced in a fraudulent manner4 #d4 ,pictures of what are called materialised forms visible to normal sight4 #e4 ,pictures of the 8wraith0 or 8double0 of persons still in the body4 #f4 ,portraits on plates which developers have failed to bring into view1 but that can be seen and described by clairvoyants and by mediums when in trance and whose descriptions agree1 though made independently4 ,there are1 also1 portraits that cannot be classed as photographs1 as they have not been taken by the agency of a camera1 or by exposing the prepared plate previous to development of the image4 ,those who desire further information than is contained in this volume on the subject of spirit photography should read the following3-- ,a series of important articles by the late ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses 7,m4,a4 ,oxon71 in ,human ,nature1 ,vols4 ,,viii4 and ,,ix41 #ahgd-ge4 ,the volumes may be had on loan from the ,library of the ,spiritual ,institution1 #ae ,southampton ,row1 ,w4,c41 or from the ,library of the ,spiritual ,alliance1 #b ,duke ,street1 ,charing ,cross4 ,the subscription to either ,library is a guinea a year4 ,article on 8,ghosts and their ,photographs10 by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,haweis1 ,m4,a41 in the ,fortnightly ,review1 ,january1 #ahic4 ,chronicles of the ,photographs of ,spiritual ,beings and ,phenomena ,invisible to the ,material ,eye4 ,by ,miss ,houghton4 ,illustrated by six plates1 containing fifty-four miniature reproductions from the original photographs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,allen1 ,ave ,maria ,lane1 #ahhb4 ,sold also by ,jas4 ,burns1 #ae ,southampton ,row1 ,w4,c4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,contents4 ,,page ,,preface v ,,introduction #a ,what led to the recent ,experiments in ,psychic ,photography #a ,testimony relating to ,david ,duguid #c 8,,spirit ,,photography10 ,,with ,,remarks ,,on ,,fluorescence4 ,by ,j4 ,traill ,taylor #i ,origin of 8,spirit0 ,photography #aj ,some ,investigators of the ,subject #aa ,photographing the ,invisible #ae ,fluorescence #ag ,a ,lady's ,joke #bj ,some ,personal ,experiments #bc ,how the ,psychic ,figures ,behaved #ca ,the ,stereoscopic ,camera in ,use #cc ,,remarks ,,by ,,members ,,and ,,visitors #cg ,portrait obtained without ,exposure in ,camera #di ,,press ,,notices ,,of ,,mr4 ,,taylor',s ,,paper3-- ,from the 8,practical ,photographer10 ,april1 #ahic #ec ,from the 8,review of ,reviews10 ,april1 #ahic #eg ,from 8,the ,morning0 7,daily ,newspaper71 ,april #dth1 #ahic #ei ,from the 8,medium and ,daybreak10 ,march #bdth1 #ahic #fj ,from 8,light10 ,march #ahth1 #ahic #fc ,from 8,light10 ,march #beth1 #ahic #fd ,from 8,light10 ,may #fth1 #ahic #fg ,from the 8,two ,worlds10 ,march #bdth1 #ahic #fi ,,ghosts ,,and ,,their ,,photographs4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,haweis1 ,m4,a4 #ga 8,will you ,show me the ,ghost80 #gc 8,authentic0 ,ghost ,photographs #gf ,the late ,editor of 8,light0 #gh ,,spirit ,,photography4 ,by ,jas4 ,robertson1 ,glasgow #he ,his ,opportunities for ,observation #hi ,david ,duguid prevailed on to try ,experiments #ij ,experiments in ,mr4 ,robertson's ,warehouse #ia ,john ,page ,hopps on ,spirit ,life #ib ,a beautiful ,portrait obtained #ib ,testimony by 8,edina0 #ic ,portrait obtained in ,edinburgh of a ,child #id ,details of the ,experiments to obtain it #ie ,,miscellanea4 ,by ,andrew ,glendinning #aaa ,how ,abraham ,lincoln's ,spirit ,photograph was obtained #aae ,experiments by ,professor ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s4 #abb ,the beauty of ,katie ,king described #abc ,lecture by ,arthur ,maltby #abh ,lantern ,transparencies1 by ,mr4 ,acton #abi ,how a ,portrait was obtained without a ,camera #add ,,illustrations4 ,,page ,,photograph ,,of ,,spirit ,,head ,,and ,,face ,,by ,,david ,,duguid ,frontispiece4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,david ,,duguid #be ,,photograph ,,of ,,spirit ,,by ,j4 ,,traill ,,taylor #bi ,,another ,,photograph ,,by ,j4 ,,traill ,,taylor #ce ,,photograph ,,of ,a ,,lady ,,and ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,her ,,father #gi ,,photograph ,,of ,,mr4 ,,stainton ,,moses1 ,m4,a41 ,,and ,,spirit #hc ,,photograph ,,of ,,hon4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,dow ,,and ,,spirit ,,of ,,mabel ,,warren #aag ,,psychic ,,picture ,,obtained ,,without ,a ,,camera ,,or ,,exposure ,,of ,,plate ,,to ,,light #ade ,,psychic ,,form ,,obtained ,,october #ba1 #ahic #adi ,,mrs4 ,,green ,,and ,,spirit #aec ,,spirit ,,lady #aeg ,,psychic ,,form ,,obtained ,,april #bi1 #ahib #afj 8,stand upright1 speak thy thought1 declare ,the truth thou hast1 that all may share2 ,be bold1 proclaim it everywhere2 ,they only live who dare40--,,lewis ,,morris4 99 99 99 99 99 8,all great discoveries have at first been derided as ridiculous and then denounced as impious1 and lastly adopted as a matter of course4 ,let us1 then1 as we have to learn to labour and to wait1 stand firm for the expansion of human faculty1 increase of human growth1 accession to human knowledge1 and welcome1 as all in the day's work1 even the silent apparition or the gibbering ghost40--,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,haweis1 ,m4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 8,there is a natural body1 and there is a spiritual body40--,,paul4 ,,introduction4 8,every new truth which has ever been propounded has1 for a time1 caused mischief2 it has produced discomfort1 and often unhappiness40--,,buckle1 in ,history of ,civilisation4 ,,what ,,led ,,to ,,the ,,recent ,,experiments ,,in ,,psychic ,,photography4 ,a number of test sances for spirit photography had been held with ,mr4 ,david ,duguid1 of which no records have been kept1 but in ,april and ,may1 #ahib1 four sances were held under strict test conditions1 notes of which were made at the time1 and signed by the various persons who were present4 ,these notes were printed for private circulation1 and a copy was sent1 with some of the photographs1 to ,mr4 ,frederic ,w4 ,h4 ,myers1 ,cambridge1 7,hon4 ,secretary ,psychical ,research ,society74 ,he suggested that when there was another opportunity for a test sance1 the presence of a 8scientific man10 and some one well acquainted with photographic manipulations1 be got to attend to watch the experiments4 ,one of the investigators induced ,mr4 ,duguid to come to ,london to give a sance under the strictest test conditions which could be devised2 and ,mr4 ,j4 ,traill ,taylor1 ,editor of the ,british ,journal of ,photography1 by special request consented to take charge of the experiments1 and to fix the conditions under which they should be made4 ,mr4 ,taylor combines in himself the special qualities named by ,mr4 ,myers1 inasmuch as he is a 8scientific man10 and an expert in photographic chemistry1 optical research1 and all photographic manipulations4#a ,mr4 ,taylor is the author of several works relating to the chemistry1 optics1 physics1 and practice of photography2 and besides being a member of ,council of the ,photographic ,society of ,great ,britain1 is an honorary member of the ,imperial ,polytechnic ,society of ,russia1 and of all the leading ,photographic ,clubs and ,societies in ,london1 and of several in ,new ,york4 ,,testimony ,,relating ,,to ,,david ,,duguid4 ,in a book recently published1 entitled ,the ,rise and ,progress of ,modern ,spiritualism#b 7consisting of a reprint of a course of lectures delivered in ,glasgow by ,mr4 ,james ,robertson71 the author gives the following testimony as to ,mr4 ,duguid3-- 8,for many years we have had resident amongst us one whose name is world-wide1 and whose character is above reproach2 go where you will1 ,david ,duguid is recognised as one of the world's mediums4 ,from his lips have come forth volumes full of wonderful information which he1 the normal man1 never gathered of himself1 but which is the product of intelligences who have ripened in that other sphere of existence4 ,the story of the early life of ,jesus1 which is to be found in ,hafed1 the glimpses of ancient peoples1 their manners and customs1 are a valuable contribution to our knowledge4 ,but he has been famous as a medium for every phase of the subject1 including those marvellous direct paintings which have done much missionary work1 the direct voices1 materialisation1 perfumes1 writings in language utterly unknown to him1 and specially in the conclusive evidence he has been the means of furnishing as to the reality of spirit photography4 ,the striking story contributed to ,light by #8,edina1' of how a picture of the dead boy was got after patient waiting1 is amongst the best-attested phenomena4 ,the early and close friend of ,d4 ,d4 ,home1 he has revealed almost similar mediumistic gifts4 ,one of the most genial and retiring of men1 he has ever reverenced his gifts1 and sought in his own modest way to give all and sundry the benefit of their light40 ,one of ,mr4 ,glendinning's private letters to the editor of a photographic journal1 with reference to an intended action for libel1 contained the following3-- 8,if my counsel wishes it1 ,i shall produce such an array of testimonials from men of position as to ,mr4 ,duguid's honesty and uprightness as have seldom been read in any court40 ,that would be an easy thing to do2 but1 when it is considered that ,mr4 ,duguid has for a long time been employed by ,mr4 ,robertson in his bicycle works2 that ,mr4 ,robertson1 who is an active business man and a good judge of character1 is year after year in almost hourly contact with ,mr4 ,duguid2 that he has been at many of ,mr4 ,duguid's sances1 some of these being held in his 7,mr4 ,robertson's7 own house--when these things are borne in mind1 the value of the voluntary tribute given by ,mr4 ,robertson to ,mr4 ,duguid's honesty and uprightness will be the more fully appreciated4 ,for nearly thirty years has ,mr4 ,david ,duguid been before the world as a private medium for various descriptions of spirit phenomena4 ,he has given innumerable sances readily1 without fee or desire for reward1 to clergymen1 medical men1 artists1 teachers of science1 lawyers1 journalists1 merchants1 and men and women in all ranks of life2 he has sacrificed time and money in the cause which is dear to his heart1 and upon which no act or word of his has ever brought a stain4 ,these facts are well known to many1 nor would it be necessary to print them here were it not for the efforts made to destroy public confidence in the facts brought to light through his mediumship by writers in certain photographic journals1 and the artful insinuations of men who put themselves forward on the plea of being anxious investigators4 ,,where ,,mr4 ,,taylor ,,read ,,his ,,paper4 ,at a meeting of the ,london and ,provincial ,photographic ,association1 held on ,march #i1 #ahic1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,weir ,brown in the chair1 the following paper by ,mr4 ,taylor was read by him1 and1 with his consent1 is reprinted from the ,british ,journal of ,photography 7,vol4 ,,xl41 ,no4 #agae1 ,march #ag1 #ahic74 ,there was a large attendance of members1 and several visitors were present4 ,visitors were allowed to make remarks1 a privilege of which several availed themselves4 ,some members put questions to ,mr4 ,taylor on points of detail regarding his experiments1 all of which he replied to frankly and explicitly4 ,in replying to one member1 ,mr4 ,taylor stated that he had received a letter1 asking him to bring a reasonable man with him to witness his experiments--in fact1 he said1 he had the option of taking any one he chose4 ,to another member ,mr4 ,taylor replied that he himself placed the sitters and the camera1 and also arranged the lighting of the room4 ,several members spoke highly of ,mr4 ,taylor's qualifications to conduct such experiments2 but as they could not accept the spiritualistic hypothesis1 and as the photographs had to them the appearance of being copied from cut-out prints1 or made by 8stump-work10 they concluded that therefore they could not be genuine1 ignoring entirely ,mr4 ,taylor's emphatic statements1 which he had already given in his paper1 viz43-- 8,my conditions were entirely acquiesced in0--that ,i 8should use my own camera and unopened packages of dry plates1 purchased from dealers of repute1 and that ,i should be excused from allowing a plate to go out of my own hand till after development10 and that 8,i should dictate all the conditions of operation40 ,as a matter of fact1 everything connected with the experiments was subject to ,mr4 ,taylor's entire control and approval4 8,,spirit ,,photography10 ,,with ,,remarks ,,on ,,fluorescence4#c ,by ,j4 ,,traill ,,taylor4 ,the presence of smoke may be considered as implying the existence of flame4 ,spirit photography1 so called1 has of late been asserting its existence in such a manner and to such an extent as to warrant competent men making an investigation1 conducted under stringent test conditions1 into the circumstances under which such photographs are produced1 and exposing the fraud1 should it prove to be such1 instead of pooh-poohing it as insensate because we do not understand how it can be otherwise--a position that scarcely commends itself as intelligent or philosophical4 ,if in what follows ,i call it 8spirit photography0 instead of psychic photography1 it is only in deference to a nomenclature that extensively prevails1 and not as offering a surmise from any knowledge of my own as to what is matter and what spirit1 or the distinction between mind1 spirit1 and matter1 for in truth ,i don't know4 ,i approach the subject merely as a photographer4 ,before ,i proceed1 a few words on the origin of spirit photography may not be out of place4 ,in ,march1 #ahfa1 ,w4 ,h4 ,mumler1 the principal engraver in the employ of ,bigelow ,bros4 ,kennard1 the leading jewellers of ,boston1 when whiling away an idle hour as an amateur photographer1 had a form other than that of any one present developed on his collodion plate4 ,he surmised that it arose from an image having been previously on the plate1 and its having been imperfectly cleaned off4 ,subjected to a more thorough cleaning1 the form again appeared more strongly marked than before1 and he could offer no other explanation than the one given4 ,it got noised abroad through the press that a spirit had been photographed1 and although ,mumler strove to suppress the misrepresentation1 as he regarded it1 yet he eventually succumbed to popular demand1 and took two hours a day from his regular work1 devoting them to photography4 ,this he had to extend to the whole of each day1 entirely discarding his regular profession4 ,many men of eminence sat to him1 most of whom he did not know at the time4 ,he seems to have encouraged his sitters in the adoption of such test conditions as they deemed satisfactory4 ,the figures that usually appeared on the plate with the sitters were1 if ,i rightly infer1 those on whom the sitters' minds had been set4 ,that eminent portrait photographer1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,black1 of ,boston1 so well known all over the world as the inventor of the acid nitrate bath1 undertook to investigate the bon fides of ,mumler's methods4 ,through a friend who had just previously sat and obtained a figure1 ,black offered fifty dollars if ,mumler would operate in his presence and obtain a picture4 ,invited to come1 the acute ,black critically examined camera1 plate1 dipper1 and bath1 and had his eye on the plate from the moment its preparation began until it was sensitised and locked in the dark slide1 removing it himself from the camera1 and carrying it into the dark room1 where1 on development1 a figure of a man was seen leaning on ,b4's shoulder4 ,black was wonder-stricken1 and got away the negative1 no charge whatever having been made4 ,mumler now claimed publicly to be a spirit-portrait photographer1 and as such he eventually opened a studio in ,new ,york1 having previously satisfied ,silver1 ,gurney1 and other photographers as to the genuineness of his claims1 never hesitating to operate in their galleries if required1 and with their apparatus and chemicals4 ,mumler was arrested in ,new ,york2 whether on the ground of witchcraft or of endeavouring to obtain money under false pretences1 ,i am at present uncertain1 but his trial was the sensation of the day1 and numerous witnesses were examined4 ,he was honourably acquitted4 ,in this country1 several who are amateur photographers have investigated this subject with more or less success4 ,these include some ,f4,r4,s4's1 scientists1 artists1 and others4 ,i question whether any have so persistently done so as the late ,mr4 ,john ,beattie1 of ,clifton1 and his friend1 ,dr4 ,thompson4 ,mr4 ,beattie was a skilled professional photographer of the highest eminence who1 some time prior to his death1 had adopted the views of the spiritualistic school4 ,the figures he obtained on his plates were much blurred in outline1 some being misty in the extreme4 ,i possess some two or three dozen of these1 taken by or in the presence of1 ,mr4 ,beattie1 whose intelligence1 honesty1 and powers of observation no one would venture to doubt4 ,many such photographs are claimed to have been produced by ,hudson1 a professional photographer1 formerly of the ,holloway ,road1 and ,i submit for examination a work by the late ,miss ,houghton1 containing fifty-four of ,hudson's spirit photographs4 ,there are many ways by which1 assuming the genuineness of only one of all spirit photographs hitherto produced1 the spurious article may be made even better than any alleged real ones ,i have yet seen4 ,a plate secretly impressed previous or subsequent to being placed in the camera fulfils the condition2 so does one at the back of which is placed a phosphorescent tablet in the dark slide4 ,pressure on the surface1 such as by that of a ,woodbury relief film1 also causes a developable image2 in short1 trickery in a whole variety of forms may1 and has been1 impressed into the service4 ,the higher department of fluorescence may with success be employed4 ,here is something to which believers in the visibility of spirit forms to a camera are quite welcome4 ,at the time1 and propos of the ,mumler trial in ,new ,york1 ,i wrote that a good many absurd things have been said pro and con on the subject2 but a writer in the latter category1 who asserted that anything that is visible to the eye of the camera1 and thus capable of being depicted by photography1 must therefore necessarily be visible to the human eye1 was surely ignorant of that important branch of physics popularly known as fluorescence4 ,many things are capable of being photographed which to the physical eye are utterly invisible4 ,why1 for that matter1 a room 7visually dark7 may be full of the ultra-violet rays of the spectrum1 and a photograph may be taken in that dark light4 ,objects in a room so lighted would be plainly visible to the lens of the camera--at any rate1 they could be reproduced on the sensitive plate1 while1 at the same time1 not an atom of luminousness could be perceived in the room by any person possessing ordinary or normal vision4 ,hence the photographing of an invisible image1 whether it be of a spirit or a lump of matter is not scientifically impossible4 ,if it reflect only the ultra-violet rays of the spectrum1 it will be easily photographed1 although quite invisible to the sharpest eye4 ,again1 ,cromwell ,f4 ,varley1 ,f4,r4,s41 well known as one of the most eminent of electricians1 says 7,electric1 ,june1 #ahga71 when passing a current of electricity through a vacuum tube1 the results of which were indicated by touches of light about the poles3--8,in one instance1 although the experiment was carried on in a dark room1 this light was so feeble that it could not be seen1 and the operators doubted if the current were passing4 ,but photography was at work1 and in thirty minutes a very good picture was produced of what had taken place4 ,this10 he says1 8is a remarkable fact2 indeed1 it borders on the wonderful1 that a phenomenon invisible to the human eye should have been1 so to speak1 seen by the photographic lens1 and a record thereof kept by chemical agency4 ,it is highly suggestive1 and we may anticipate that it will be turned to good account by practical philosophers40 ,some very striking phenomena in photographing the invisible may be produced by the agency of fluorescence4 ,figures depicted upon a background by one or other of certain substances ,i shall presently name1 although invisible to the eye1 may become visible to the camera4 ,of these1 the best known1 although not the most effective1 is disulphate of quinine4 ,such a solution1 although to the eye it is colourless like water1 is to the camera as black as ink4 ,fill three phials respectively with water1 quinine1 and common writing ink1 and you have two whites and one black2 but photograph them1 and you have two blacks and one white4 ,the camera has reduced the transparent quinine solution to the colour of the ink4 ,those of you who may care to experiment in this direction1 please take notice that the quinine must be acidulated with sulphuric acid1 and that hydrochloric acid1 even a small trace1 will destroy this property4 ,among other substances that are fluorescent1 or that change the refrangibility of rays of light1 are mineral uranite1 certain salts of uranium1 canary glass1 alcoholic solution of chlorophyll1 sculine1 tincture of stramonium seeds1 and of turmeric4 ,there are others known to be still better1 but my experiments in this direction are yet too incomplete to warrant my even indicating them4 ,let me for a moment enter the realm of speculation1 and assume that there are really spirits invisible to the eye but visible to the camera and to certain persons called seers or clairvoyants only4 ,might we not suggest that there is some fluorescent compound in the eyes of such persons not present in those whose eyes are normal1 and that it is to this they owe their seeing powers8 ,some of you may probably be aware that ,dr4 ,bence ,jones and other philosophers have actually established the fact of such fluorescent substances being found in some eyes4 ,may this throw any light upon the recognised fact of certain animals being able to see in the dark8 ,when the subject of fluorescence is more thoroughly investigated 7it is a discovery of ,sir ,d4 ,brewster1 who was followed by ,herschel and ,professor ,stokes1 and is as yet but of yesterday71 we may hope for a vast accession to our knowledge of subjects as yet very slightly understood4 ,at the ,bradford meeting of the ,british ,association for the ,advancement of ,science1 in #ahgc1 ,dr4 ,gladstone1 ,f4,r4,s41 demonstrated before the ,mathematical and ,physical ,section what ,i have said respecting invisible drawings on white cards having produced bold and clear photographs when no eye could see the drawings themselves1 and ,i brought away back to ,london these photographs1 and1 for aught ,i know1 may have them still4 ,to prevent this disquisition from being too dry1 ,i will here introduce a fanciful sketch ,i wrote propos of ,dr4 ,gladstone's demonstration at the time mentioned3-- ,a mischievous young lady of scientific proclivities who attended the meeting of the ,british ,association1 and who was addicted to practical joking1 listened attentively to ,dr4 ,gladstone's observations upon the properties of quinine referred to1 and having carefully noted the discussion that followed1 reasoned within herself thus3 ,if solution of quinine can make invisible marks upon paper1 which will come out black in a photograph1 it ought to do the same when applied to the skin4 ,so she procured some of this solution1 and upon her fair brow she painted with it a death's head and cross-bones4 ,these1 of course1 were invisible to human vision4 ,thus prepared1 she went to a photographer to have her portrait taken4 ,all went right until the operator went an to develop the plate1 when she soon heard an altercation between the photographer and the attendant boy1 in which it was evident that the latter was being charged with having coated an old or dirty plate4 ,a second negative was taken1 with this result1 that the operator1 after bestowing a puzzled1 affrighted look at the lady1 rushed downstairs to the principal of the establishment4 ,both returned to the dark room1 and a third negative was taken1 when it became evident that intense excitement was being produced in the dark room4 ,after an excuse to the lady about there being electricity in the atmosphere1 which had affected the chemicals1 she was requested to sit once more4 ,scarcely had the plate been developed1 when both photographer and assistant rushed out from the dark room1 pale and excited1 and explained that on the brow of the sitter in each negative was emblazoned the insignia of the ,king of ,terrors4 ,the negatives were produced leaving no doubt of the fact4 ,what was to be done8 ,the sitter hinted something about not being disposed to be made a fool of by one who she was satisfied was a spirit photographer1 and that she1 for one1 would not allow herself to become the victim of such absurdity4 ,this upset the equanimity of the photographer1 who expressed his earnest conviction that she was an emissary and personal friend of the common enemy of mankind4 8,i shall look in again to-morrow10 said the lady1 in her sweetest tones1 8if you promise not to play any of your silly ghost tricks upon me40 8,not for ten thousand worlds10 said the artist1 8shall you ever set foot within my studio again60 8,oh10 she laughingly rejoined1 8,i shall drop in through the roof and visit you some day when you are disengaged20 and with that she departed4 8,i knew it60 gasped the photographer4 8,i felt a sulphurous odour the moment ,i came near her4 ,send immediately for my friend1 the ,rev4 ----1 and get him to offer prayer1 and free the studio from the evil influences remaining after a visitation from one whose feet1 although clad in boots1 would1 if examined1 be found to be cloven40 ,illustration3 ,,david ,,duguid4 ,for several years ,i have experienced a strong desire to ascertain by personal investigation the amount of truth in the ever-recurring allegation that figures other than those visually present in the room appeared on a sensitive plate4 ,the difficulty was to get hold of a suitable person known as a sensitive or 8medium40 ,what a medium is1 or how physically or mentally constituted to be different from other mortals1 ,i am unable to say4 ,he or she may not be a photographer1 but must be present on each occasion of trial4 ,some may be mediums without their being aware of it4 ,like the chemical principle known as catalysis1 they merely act by their presence4 ,such a one is ,mr4 ,d4 of ,glasgow1 in whose presence psychic photographs have long been alleged to be obtained4 ,he was lately in ,london on a visit1 and a mutual friend got him to consent to extend his stay in order that ,i might try to get a psychic photograph under test conditions4 ,to this he willingly agreed4 ,my conditions were exceedingly simple1 were courteously expressed to the host1 and entirely acquiesced in4 ,they were1 that ,i for the nonce would assume them all to be tricksters1 and1 to guard against fraud1 should use my own camera and unopened packages of dry plates purchased from dealers of repute1 and that ,i should be excused from allowing a plate to go out of my own hand till after development1 unless ,i felt otherwise disposed2 but that1 as ,i was to treat them as under suspicion1 so must they treat me1 and that every act ,i performed must be in presence of two witnesses1 nay1 that ,i would set a watch upon my own camera in the guise of a duplicate one of the same focus--in other words1 ,i would use a binocular stereoscopic camera and dictate all the conditions of operation4 ,all this ,i was told was what they very strongly wished me to do1 as they desired to know the truth and that only4 ,there were present1 during one or other of the evenings when the trials were made1 representatives of various schools of thought1 including a clergyman of the ,church of ,england2 a practitioner of the healing art who is a fellow of two learned societies2 a gentleman who graduated in the ,hall of ,science in the days of the late ,charles ,bradlaugh2 two extremely hard-headed ,glasgow merchants1 gentlemen of commercial eminence and probity2 our host1 his wife1 the medium1 and myself4 ,dr4 ,g4 was the first sitter1 and1 for a reason known to myself1 ,i used a monocular camera4 ,i myself took the plate out of a packet just previously ripped up under the surveillance of my two detectives4 ,i placed the slide in my pocket and exposed it by magnesium ribbon which ,i held in my own hand1 keeping one eye1 as it were1 on the sitter and the other on the camera4 ,there was no background4 ,i myself took the plate from the dark slide1 and1 under the eyes of the two detectives1 placed it in the developing dish4 ,between the camera and the sitter a female figure was developed1 rather in a more pronounced form than that of the sitter4 ,the lens was a portrait one of short focus2 the figure being somewhat in front of the sitter1 was proportionately larger in dimensions4 ,i submit this picture 7see opposite74 ,it is1 as you see1 a lady4 ,i do not recognise her or any of the other figures ,i obtained as being like any one ,i know1 and from my point of view1 that of a mere investigator and experimentalist1 not caring whether the psychic subject were embodied or disembodied4 ,illustration3 ,,photograph ,,of ,a ,,psychic ,,lady4 ,many experiments of like nature followed2 on some plates were abnormal appearances1 on others none4 ,all this time ,mr4 ,d41 the medium1 during the exposure of the plates1 was quite inactive4 ,after one trial1 which had proved successful1 ,i asked him how he felt and what he had been thinking of during the exposure4 ,he replied that his thoughts had been mainly concentrated upon his chances of securing a corner seat in a smoking carriage that night from ,euston to ,glasgow4 ,if the precautions ,i took during all of the several experiments1 such as those recorded1 are by any of you thought to have been imperfect or incomplete1 ,i pray of you to point them out4 ,in some of them ,i relaxed my conditions to the extent of getting one of those present to lift out from the dark slide the exposed plate and transfer it to the developing dish held by myself1 or to lift a plate from the manufacturer's package into the dark slide held in my own hand1 this being done under my own eye1 which was upon it all the time2 but this did not seem to interfere with the average on-going of the experiments4 ,the psychic figures behaved badly4 ,some were in focus1 others not so2 some were lighted from the right1 while the sitter was so from the left2 some were comely1 as the dame ,i shall show on the screen1 others not so2 some monopolised the major portion of the plate1 quite obliterating the material sitters2 others were as if an atrociously badly vignetted portrait1 or one cut oval out of a photograph by a can-opener1 or equally badly clipped out1 were held up behind the sitter4 ,but here is the point3 not one of these figures which came out so strongly in the negative was visible in any form or shape to me during the time of exposure in the camera1 and ,i vouch in the strongest manner for the fact that no one whatever had an opportunity of tampering with any plate anterior to its being placed in the dark slide or immediately preceding development4 ,pictorially they are vile1 but how came they there8 ,now1 all this time1 ,i imagine you are wondering how the stereoscopic camera was behaving itself as such4 ,it is due to the psychic entities to say that whatever was produced on one half of the stereoscopic plates was reproduced on the other1 alike good or bad in definition4 ,but on a careful examination of one which was rather better than the other1 and which is now about to be projected on the lantern screen for your examination 7see page #ce71 ,i deduce this fact1 that the impressing of the spirit form was not consentaneous with that of the sitter4 ,this ,i consider an important discovery4 ,i carefully examined one in the stereoscope1 and found that1 while the two sitters were stereoscopic per se1 the psychic figure was absolutely flat4 ,i also found that the psychic figure was at least a millimetre higher up in one than the other4 ,now1 as both had been simultaneously exposed1 it follows to demonstration that1 although both were correctly placed vertically in relation to the particular sitter behind whom the figure appeared1 and not so horizontally1 this figure had not only not been impressed on the plate simultaneously with the two gentlemen forming the group1 but had not been formed by the lens at all1 and that1 therefore the psychic image might be produced without a camera4 ,i think this is a fair deduction4 ,but still the question obtrudes1 ,how came these figures there8 ,i again assert that the plates were not tampered with by either myself or any one present4 ,are they crystallisations of thought8 ,have lens and light really nothing to do with their formation8 ,the whole subject was mysterious enough on the hypothesis of an invisible spirit1 whether a thought projection or an actual spirit1 being really there in the vicinity of the sitter1 but it is now a thousand times more so4 ,there are plenty of ,tycho ,brahes capable of supplying details of observations1 but who is to be the ,kepler that will from such observations evolve a law by which they can be satisfactorily explained8 ,illustration3 ,,abnormal ,,portrait ,,of ,,lady ,in the foregoing ,i have confined myself as closely as possible to narrating how ,i conducted a photographic experiment open to every one to make1 avoiding stating any hypothesis or belief of my own on the subject generally1 and it only now remains to exhibit the results1 bad and fraudulent-looking as they are1 on the screen4 ,,remarks ,,by ,,members ,,and ,,visitors4 ,having finished the reading of his paper1 ,mr4 ,,taylor exhibited by the aid of the lantern1 slides from some of the negatives he had obtained4 ,a series of 8,spirit ,photographs10 the work of ,mr4 ,hudson1 formerly of ,holloway ,road1 and some ,french photographers1 were also shown by ,mr4 ,maltby1 a visitor1 who was introduced by ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,messrs4 ,downey1 ,p4 ,everitt1 ,w4 ,e4 ,debenham1 ,f4 ,a4 ,bridge1 ,a4 ,cowan1 ,a4 ,haddon1 ,j4 ,s4 ,teape1 ,a4 ,mackie1 and others took part in the meeting1 but their remarks1 for the most part1 were characteristic of unacquaintance with the subject4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,,glendinning explained that it had originally been intended to have had the photographs taken in the studio of a ,west-end photographer1 but that gentleman had withdrawn his consent owing to his religious views1 expressing the opinion that such experiments were dangerous1 if not wicked4 ,the experiments were therefore made in the drawing-room of a house in ,dalston4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,debenham asked if it would be possible to repeat the experiments in the presence of the same medium and two members of the ,london and ,provincial ,photographic ,association4 ,this question was answered at a later period of the meeting1 when the suggestion was made by the ,chairman4 ,mr4 ,,glendinning said he had been interested in the subject of psychic photography for twenty-eight years1 and he asked permission from the ,chairman to make a few remarks4 ,this being readily and courteously granted1 he said1 8,do the members of this ,society1 who are now present1 believe that ,mr4 ,taylor is competent for the investigation which he recently undertook8 ,i do not mean1 are you prepared to endorse his statements regarding the results of his recent experiments8 ,i do not mean merely1 do you consider ,mr4 ,taylor an honest investigator8 ,there are many honest men who would not be considered qualified to watch with sufficient care and accuracy experiments in photographic manipulations4 ,there are others who are honest and upright1 and who are skilful in the ordinary routine of photographic work1 who may possess very little knowledge of chemistry or of optics1 in their relation to practical photography4 ,others1 again1 may be honest men1 skilful manipulators1 and adepts in chemistry and in optics1 but too opinionative to conduct such experiments as those under consideration4 ,well1 then1 gentlemen1 looking at the matter all round1 ,i put it to you this way4 ,my own belief1 my strong conviction1 is this1 that ,mr4 ,taylor is well qualified in every respect for the very important and1 ,i would add1 the very solemn task which he undertook4 ,a man with an open mind1 prepared to-- #8,accept the truth where'er 'tis found1 ,on ,christian or on heathen ground8' possessed of shrewdness1 tact1 an eye like a hawk's1 watchful and ready to detect the slightest attempt at trickery or fraud1 with an integrity of purpose and an independent outspokenness which would lead him fearlessly to expose and denounce those who would so far forget themselves as to trifle with the most sacred feelings of our nature1 by attempting to palm off as abnormal and strange that which is but a miserable counterfeit of a grand reality4 ,gentlemen1 do you uphold me in my view that ,mr4 ,taylor was the right man for the experiments to which reference has been made8 7,applause and expressions of approval47 ,i thank you for this expression of your opinion4 ,i do not wish to corner you2 ,i do not wish to trap you into a seeming acquiescence with views which you have not considered4 ,my desire is to be perfectly frank2 but there are reasons1 into which ,i need not enter now1 why ,i have put before you the statements and the question to which you have responded4 ,well1 supposing for the moment that ,mr4 ,taylor's report of his experiments is an accurate statement1 that portraits have appeared on his plates1 and have been printed from his plates1 which cannot be accounted for by any known agency1 it seems to me to be a fair conclusion to arrive at1 that there were other persons present at those experiments besides the ladies and gentlemen who could be seen with the normal vision2 that these unseen visitors were exhibiting an active and intelligent interest in the matter1 and that they were aiding by their co-operation to produce the abnormal images which appeared on the plates4 ,call these unseen visitors by the name which may commend itself to you as most fairly descriptive2 call them spooks1 or ghosts1 or astrals1 or elementals1 or even1 if you prefer to do so1 call them devils4 ,i call them spirit friends--ex-carnated human beings--that is what they profess to be1 and that is what1 in an experience of such matters extending over a good many years1 ,i have always had good reason to believe them to be4 ,therefore ,i transfer the name from the principal operators to the pictures themselves1 and ,i call the latter spirit photographs4 ,likewise1 because the abnormal portraits1 so far as they have been recognised1 are portraits of persons who have cast off the earthly tabernacle1 ,i claim that the name spirit photographs1 or photographs of spirits1 is as near as we can get to accuracy in the present state of our knowledge40 ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,bridge said they were bound to believe ,mr4 ,taylor's statement2 but1 as practical photographers1 though the pictures shown might be spirit photographs1 he thought they gave them the idea of cut-out prints1 but as to who cut them out he did not know and did not care4 ,he1 however1 did not for one moment wish to impute any complicity or dishonesty to ,mr4 ,glendinning in connexion with the experiments1 for that gentleman appeared 7as he had said7 merely to have been desirous of arriving at the truth4 ,mr4 ,,debenham quite agreed with ,mr4 ,bridge as to ,mr4 ,glendinning's bon fides in the matter4 ,he would propose1 if possible1 a committee be formed to be present at some similar sance4 ,a ,,member stated that ,mr4 ,taylor's experiments had been vitiated to some extent by his not having the whole of the conditions under his own control 7a remark to which ,mr4 ,taylor does not seem to have thought it necessary to reply1 as he had already distinctly stated that the whole of the conditions were subject to his entire control74 ,professor ,a4 ,,haddon observed that if spirits gave out ultra-violet rays1 it would be advisable to use lenses made of quartz1 as they would have a far better way of rendering such subjects on the plate than with ordinary lenses1 which cut off ultra-violet4 ,again1 had different eyes different powers as regards the taking in and cutting out of different rays8 ,mr4 ,friese ,greene had shown how it was possible to allow an impression to be made on the retina1 and then to be transferred to a plate4 ,most probably only certain people possessed this power1 for it was curious no one had repeated the experiment with success4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,,shorter said he had had some experience of the subject1 and in many instances such portraits had been distinctly recognised as those of relatives and friends1 and it was not by any means a peculiar experience4 ,the late ,mr4 ,beattie1 of ,clifton1 obtained portraits of this kind through ,mr4 ,hudson1 to whom he went in a very sceptical spirit4 ,hudson allowed him to go through all the manipulations himself2 ,mr4 ,beattie took his own plates1 and inverted them before they were exposed4 ,on one picture1 after it was taken he recognised the portrait of his own brother4 ,he 7,mr4 ,shorter7 knew of a good many instances of a similar kind4 ,for instance1 he said1 ,dr4 ,alfred ,russel ,wallace had had no hesitation in recognising portraits so obtained4 ,of course there were many taken in this way that could not be identified2 but1 on the other hand1 there were many that could4 ,he could quote forty instances where people could identify them4 ,a ,,member explained how a collection of portraits of deceased persons can be made by professional photographers4 ,he stated his firm sometimes receive such portraits to copy1 and at times when they deliver the copies they pretend that the original pictures are lost or injured2 so the customers have nothing to compare the copies with4 ,this brought forth the rebuke from ,mr4 ,maltby 7a visitor7 that the conduct of the firm might be 8smart10 but could not be considered honest4 ,mr4 ,,arthur ,,maltby said the spirit forms which are photographed were created from the aura that escapes from sensitive subjects4 ,some years ago a gentleman went to a photographer to have a portrait taken1 and1 instead of his portrait appearing1 as he expected1 that of a man who had been abroad for many years1 and of whom he knew nothing1 appeared on the plate4 ,some weeks afterwards a telegram came announcing that the man1 whose spirit photograph had appeared on the plate1 was shot4 ,again1 during the last ,austrian war1 an officer who had never been photographed in his regimentals appeared to a brother officer as a photographed spirit4 ,on one occasion the figure of a small child appeared in the centre of a picture4 ,the child had been dead nearly fifty years1 but was recognised after that lapse of time4 ,he suggested that a photograph could be taken to prove that fluid rays pass from a sensitive1 like photographic rays of light4 ,this aura1 which was the material emanating from all parts of the body1 was collected to form the portraits of those who wished to prove the immortality of the soul4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,,weir ,,brown 7the chairman7 said that although the pictures shown that night by ,mr4 ,maltby might be recognised as spirit photographs1 they had only to do with ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor's experiments1#d and he was bound to say that some of the examples shown bore evidence of being patchwork on the plates1 and not similar to those that were shown by ,mr4 ,maltby4 ,mr4 ,taylor's results were very mysterious2 and1 although ,mr4 ,taylor himself was very watchful1 there was nothing to lead them to any conclusion on the matter1 so that it must remain a mystery4 ,he suggested that ,mr4 ,glendinning should provide an occasion1 if he could1 for the ,london and ,provincial ,photographic ,association to send a small committee to take part in similar experiments1 and he was sure that they would only send fair-minded men to represent them4#e ,mr4 ,,glendinning1 in reply1 said he would be willing to use his influence to get such experiments carried on in the presence of the same medium later in the year4 7,hear1 hear47 ,he said that his friend1 the medium1 had so much confidence in ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor1 that probably he would carefully consider ,mr4 ,taylor's suggestions in the matter4 ,mr4 ,,taylor asked why they should expect ,mr4 ,glendinning1 who is not a member of the society1 to be at the trouble for them4 ,he suggested that the society appoint a committee to investigate the subject1 and advertise for the services of a suitable medium with whom to try experiments4 ,,portrait ,,obtained ,,without ,,exposure ,,in ,,the ,,camera4#f ,towards the close of the proceedings1 ,mr4 ,glendinning handed to the chairman1 and to some of the members sitting near him1 a print of a psychic portrait from a negative obtained without the plate being exposed in the camera1 or to light of any kind excepting that given by a nightlight in a dark lantern to develop by4 ,the experiment was made in consequence of a conversation with ,mr4 ,taylor 7after his experiments were concluded71 and about an hour before the medium left for his return journey4 ,an ,ilford dry plate had been taken by ,mr4 ,glendinning from a new packet1 put in clean paper1 and held by the medium1 in the dark room1 between the palms of his hands2 ,mr4 ,glendinning placed his hands above and below those of the medium2 he then took the plate and placed it in his developing tray1 when a full-length figure appeared1 clear and distinct1 although without artistic effect4 ,the negative was in ,mr4 ,taylor's possession at the meeting4 ,the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to ,mr4 ,taylor for his paper4 ,,note4--,with regard to one or more of the psychic portraits taken by ,mr4 ,taylor on his own plates1 in which he found that the psychic image had not been formed by the lens at all1 and with regard to the important discovery made by ,mr4 ,glendinning1 in a later experiment with his friend1 the medium1 it would be a mistake to conclude that the psychic images on photographic plates are always produced in this way4 ,there are many spirit photographs1 regarding which all the evidence is in favour of the theory that they are produced by the agency of the camera at the same time as the sitters4 ,with respect to one of the pictures taken by ,mr4 ,taylor1 and shown by him on the lantern screen1 the sitter1 after ,mr4 ,taylor left the room to develop the plate1 stated to those present that there ought to be on the plate a spirit form to his right and nearer the camera than himself1 as he felt 8drapery like a robe of silky crape pass him at the right side when the photograph was being taken40 ,when ,mr4 ,taylor appeared with the developed picture1 it showed a full-length female form1 with a white robe1 but no drapery about the head or shoulders4 ,the sitter further stated that1 during the exposure of the plate1 his mind was occupied in calculating some sums in arithmetic1 so that the psychic form could not be considered to be a photographic representation of his thoughts4 ,,press ,,notices4 ,from ,,the ,,practical ,,photographer1 ,april1 #ahic4g ,psychic ,photography4--,at a recent ,london and ,provincial meeting1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,traill ,taylor showed some negatives of what are commonly called 8spirit photographs10 which he had taken under test conditions4 ,he had bought ordinary commercial plates from a well-known commercial dealer1 and exposed them at a recent sance held in the north of ,london4 ,he took his own stereoscopic camera1 opened the original packets of plates and filled the slides himself in the presence of two gentlemen4 ,he exposed them by magnesium light upon two sitters1 one of whom was alleged to be a 8medium10 and immediately developed them himself4 ,on development some of them showed other figures 7in addition to those of the sitters7 which had not been visibly present when the exposure was made4 ,the exposures were made in the afternoon in an ordinary drawing-room1 when it was far from dark1 and the magnesium light was supplementary to the daylight4 ,prints from the resulting negatives1 viewed in the stereoscope1 showed the sitters in relief1 but the 8ghosts0 with the appearance of flatness4 ,we are almost surprised at ,mr4 ,taylor's temerity in bringing forward such a subject before such an audience1 when he knows full well the unreasoning prejudice with which the subject is met4 ,like the brothers of ,dives1 8they would not be persuaded1 though one rose from the dead40 ,we do not imagine that ,mr4 ,taylor wished to convince his hearers of anything1 but surely he was over-sanguine if he even expected fair investigation or criticism4 ,before he came forward in this matter1 he would have been taken as a competent investigator--in fact1 the meeting in question passed a resolution to the effect that he was a 8reliable person1 and a gentleman well qualified to conduct such an experiment as had been described40 ,yet1 when he states that fraud was impossible1 he is at once condemned as either an incompetent or an impostor--preferably the former4 ,a committee was appointed to investigate the matter4 ,will they be believed if they give a report similar to that of ,mr4 ,taylor's8 ,or will they only be believed if they give the report that is expected8 ,referring to the unsuccessful attempt made in another photographic journal to throw doubt upon ,mr4 ,taylor's experiments by raising a cry of trickery1 the ,practical ,photographer makes this sensible observation3-- 8,surely this is a miserable evasion of the main point at issue1 which is not whether the medium was capable of fraud if he got the chance1 but whether ,mr4 ,taylor is believable when he asserts that the chance for fraud was not given40 ,in the ,may issue of the same journal there is the following3-- 8,five correspondents write on this head2 but they only bring forward experiences of many years ago1 references to the ,news and ,journal of old dates1 and similar evidence4 ,the letters are interesting1 but we cannot find room for a correspondence on the subject4 ,of testimony there is more than enough4 ,those who can be convinced by testimony are probably convinced already1 if they have examined the subject4 ,if the matter is to be advanced further1 it must be by careful experiments under test conditions1 and such experiments will not satisfy the active objectors unless they can be repeated to order1 and1 so far as we know1 no one has claimed to be able to do this4 ,only new tests1 well authenticated1 are of use in our columns at present4 ,any such we are prepared to publish1 with reproduction of the alleged psychic photographs if desired40 ,,the ,,review ,,of ,,reviews1 ,april1 #ahic4 ,in the ,review of ,reviews#h for ,april1 there is a reproduction of one of the spirit photographs taken by ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor1 and also of the portrait obtained by ,mr4 ,glendinning and ,mr4 ,duguid1 without the use of a camera1 and without exposing the prepared dry plate to light until after it was developed and fixed4 ,mr4 ,stead refers to ,mr4 ,taylor as a well-known photographic journalist1 of unquestionable good faith1 and prints the details of the experiments as given in ,mr4 ,taylor's paper4 ,dr4 ,alfred ,russel ,wallace1 ,f4,r4,s41 who has had much experience in this subject1 and possesses a large collection of spirit photographs1 thinks the most interesting results of the recent experiments are those in which the form of one of the sitters is blended with the form of the psychic portrait2 but ,mr4 ,stead thinks the portrait obtained without the camera the most interesting4 ,he concludes his article thus3-- 8,mr4 ,glendinning assures me most positively that the plate had not been tampered with4 ,if so1 it is to be hoped ,mr4 ,duguid will repeat the last experiment under test conditions4 ,it is much the most interesting of the lot4#i 8,the illustrations are badly developed1 but they suffice to show that the plate was sensitive to the presence of entities invisible to the human eye4 ,everything1 of course1 depends upon the accuracy and honesty of the photographer2 and the reputation of ,mr4 ,taylor and ,mr4 ,glendinning is above reproach40 ,from ,,the ,,morning1 ,april #dth1 #ahic4 ,the recent lecture on 8,spirit ,photography10 given by ,mr4 ,j4 ,traill ,taylor before a large audience1 composed of the members of the ,london and ,provincial ,photographic ,association and their friends1 is being much talked about in photographic circles4 ,mr4 ,taylor1 whose personal bon fides in the matter are admitted to be quite above suspicion1 showed upon an ordinary lantern screen the results which he had obtained4 ,the conditions under which the spirit experiments were conducted were as follows3--,mr4 ,taylor used his own binocular stereoscopic camera1 and provided himself with unopened packages of 8,ilford0 dry plates1 purchased from dealers of repute4 ,he exposed the plates by means of magnesium ribbon in the presence of a medium4 ,at the first attempt1 between the camera and the sitter a female figure was developed4 ,on several of the other plates exposed various figures were also discovered4 ,it was distinctly asserted by ,mr4 ,taylor that none of these were visible to him at any time during the exposure in the camera1 and he vouched that no one had the slightest opportunity of tampering with the plates before they were placed in the dark slide or immediately preceding development4 ,from ,,the ,,medium ,,and ,,daybreak1 ,march #bdth1 #ahic4aj ,,the ,,experiments ,,in ,,spirit ,,photography4--,we call attention to certain important points in ,mr4 ,taylor's paper and the remarks which follow it4 ,the first consideration is1 that nothing should be jumped at as fraud1 though it may appear to be so4 ,mr4 ,taylor has taken a strong1 manly position in exhibiting photographs which have all the appearance of being spurious1 and yet he knows they are not so4 ,a man in a position less eminent could not afford to be so bold4 ,mr4 ,glendinning dwells on this feature of the investigation in an excellent manner4 ,the photograph obtained without exposure at all1 described at the close of the report1 suggests a means of producing pictures quite unknown to science or photographic art4 ,it1 in its way1 resembles the direct writing on closed slates1 or on unopened packets of paper4 ,but on carefully examining ,mr4 ,taylor's negatives it appears as if the spirit figures had not been cut out and stuck on1 but there is a blending of the one picture with the other1 showing plainly that a different mode of operation was at work4 ,we have often observed in our lectures that the nature of the image differs in the pictures of every spirit photographer4 ,evidently the photographers on the other side have taken up ,mr4 ,taylor's challenge to investigate in a very serious manner1 and have shown some of their skill to set the brains of mortal photographers on the alert for a more comprehensive knowledge of the possibilities involved in their art4 ,let this thought dwell in the mind of every reader1 that many of the so-called 8frauds0 attributed to spiritual experiment have not been frauds at all1 but the hasty conclusions of that unworthy suspicion which is begotten of ignorance4 ,such conclusions bring the subject to a standstill1 whereas a tentative and trustful investigation would lead to most important discoveries4 ,we rejoice to see the healthy direction which the present experiments have taken4 ,from ,,light1 ,march #ahth1 #ahic4aa ,we invite the special attention of our readers to a report in our present issue1 of experiments in 8,psychic ,photography10 conducted by ,mr4 ,j4 ,traill ,taylor4 ,never before1 so far as we are aware1 has the investigation of this1 one of the most interesting of ,spiritualistic phenomena1 been undertaken by a man so competent in every way for the work1 enjoying1 as he does1 a high reputation for his scientific attainments in his own special department1 and for his powers of keen and careful observation4 ,using his own camera and plates1 and conducting the operations with his own hands1 he succeeded in photographing figures1 8not one of which10 he avers1 8had been visible in any form or shape during the time of exposure in the camera40 ,but more than this1 by observing the results on the occasion when a stereoscopic camera was employed1 he arrived at the conclusion that--as some ,spiritualists have long thought to be probable--the figure developed had not been formed by the lens1 and the psychic image might be produced without the camera at all4 ,it will be interesting to observe what ,mr4 ,taylor's photographic brethren will have to say to him2 for ourselves we tender him our hearty thanks4 ,from ,,light1 ,march #beth1 #ahic4 ,the importance of this address can scarcely be exaggerated1 and for two reasons1--one1 that we have a scientific photographer1 of the first rank1 treating the subject publicly before a body of men1 the majority of whom would1 presumably1 be at least sceptical2 and1 next1 that in the address there were advanced certain speculations which may not only help to the elucidation of the means whereby such photographs are produced1 but also throw light upon the great problem of ,spiritualism itself4 ,of the experiments which have been already described we have nothing to say1 except that1 unless fraud be admitted as having been possible1 figures were produced on the plates which could only have got there in some abnormal way4 ,fraud1 however1 seems to have been about as impossible as it could be under any circumstances whatever4 ,mr4 ,taylor used his own camera4 ,the plates were bought from dealers of repute1 and the parcel was opened in view of two witnesses1 witnesses above suspicion4 ,mr4 ,taylor insisted that he should keep the plates in his own hands until after development1 and this caution he relaxed only so far as getting one of those present to lift out from the dark slide the exposed plate and transfer it to the developing dish held by himself1 or to transfer a plate from the manufacturer's package into the dark slide held by his own hand4 ,unless1 therefore1 there had been connivance on the part of the 8dealers of repute0 who supplied the plates1 which is out of the question1 or the persons present were all of them leagued together to cheat1 we are forced to the conclusion that the results were genuine4444 ,a few more words must be given to ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor4 ,the importance of his lectures has been dealt with elsewhere1 but it can bear emphasising here4 ,facts1 or what appear to be facts1 we have in plenty1 but the explanation of these facts1 except theoretically1 is not so common4 ,anything which sheds even the faintest glimmer on the meaning of these facts is supremely welcome1 and this glimmer1 or more than glimmer1 ,mr4 ,taylor has produced4 ,it will be strange if that 8fluorescence0 which has been so relied upon for the general theory of fraud should turn out to be the means of demonstrating the opposite4 ,from ,,light1 ,may #fth1 #ahic4 ,it was not to be expected that ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor's photographs would be left unchallenged4 ,but as it is impossible to impute fraud to ,mr4 ,taylor or his associates1 the objectors are thrown back on somewhat flimsy arguments4 ,a letter to the ,christian ,world may perhaps be taken fairly well to represent the kind of argument4 ,the letter is signed 8,f4 ,gass40 ,of course we know that fraudulent spirit photographs have been plentifully sold1 but because there is a large amount of falsehood in the world it does not follow that there is no truth4 ,but let us see how ,mr4 ,taylor is treated by this critic3 8,mr4 ,taylor says these forms were invisible to watchers in the room1 and were1 therefore1 disembodied spirits40 ,there is no such 8therefore0 in ,mr4 ,taylor's address4 ,what he did say was3 8,in the foregoing ,i have confined myself as closely as possible to narrating how ,i conducted a photographic experiment open to every one to make1 avoiding stating any hypothesis or belief of my own on the subject generally40 ,the writer takes exception to ,mr4 ,taylor's statement that the figures when examined by the stereoscope were absolutely flat2 because 8the figures were solid enough to obscure a view of the sitting medium when they stood between him and the camera40 ,that is1 ,mr4 ,gass knows all about solidity1 and what could or could not be done by what ,mr4 ,taylor is careful to call a 8psychic entity40 ,that there is any appearance of light and shade in the engraving as it is in the ,review of ,reviews proves nothing2 even if it is there1 we have ,mr4 ,taylor's assertion that in the photograph he examined with the stereoscope the 8psychic figure was absolutely flat40 ,as to the nonsense about the clothing of the figures and the draper's shops in ,ghost-land we have nothing to say4 ,mr4 ,gass then falls foul of photographs being taken without the employment of a lens4 ,such a thing would be a miracle4 ,so ,mr4 ,gass knows what a miracle is4 8,to obtain a portrait on a plate1 light is imperatively necessary1 and to obtain an image of a figure it must be brought into focus by the lens of a camera40 ,of course1 if these things 8must0 be so1 there is an end of the matter1 but the experiment went to disprove the necessity of this 8must40 ,and what is 8light08 ,has ,mr4 ,gass any knowledge of the spectrum1 and could he himself 8see0 the actinic rays which produce the pictures on the sensitised plate8 ,from the 8,,two ,,worlds0 ,march #bdth1 #ahic4ab ,mr4 ,taylor is1 perhaps1 the most competent and reputable man who1 as an experienced and scientific photographer1 has undertaken such experiments1 hence his testimony is all the more valuable4 ,the medium was ,mr4 ,david ,duguid1 and the results are of great importance4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,glendinning1 who brought about the sittings1 deserves the thanks of all ,spiritualists4 ,,ghosts ,,and ,,their ,,photographs4#ac ,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,haweis1 ,m4,a4 8,i suppose there is nothing more difficult than for scientific people to realise that the dead are living40--,rev4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,haweis1 ,m4,a4 ,ever since the appearance of the more than sensational 8,real ,ghost ,stories0 and 8,more ,ghost ,stories0--which are1 like the ghosts1 still appearing--a great and calm tolerance of the occult made manifest seems to have diffused itself throughout ,english society4 ,people are bringing out their own private little bogey stories1 of which they used to be quite ashamed1 and1 what is more curious1 they are bringing out their bogey photos1 both of which things reveal the fact how many more ghost stories and ghost photos are about than people seem generally to have imagined4 ,only the other day ,i was told of a young lady who went down to ,brighton to an ordinary photographer4 ,she sat as an ordinary sitter1 suspecting nothing4 ,the plate came out blurred all over2 photographer surprised1 and on point of casting plate aside1 when sitter begs to see it1 and further begs to have it printed off4 ,result--photo blurred all over1 sitter unrecognisable2 when subjected to high magnifyer1 milky way of blue reveals innumerable faces1 but all the same face6 ,recognised by young lady at once as face of dead lover4 ,this is the kind of story which is becoming tiresomely common1 and often bewilderingly well evidenced4 ,now1 unless ,i had thought this question of alleged appearances--palpable enough to be seen1 perhaps photographed--might have a grave side to it1 ,i should not have for two ,sundays rung the changes1 and the pros and cons4 in the pulpit1 and pointed out the momentous connexion between such manifestations and our interests here and hereafter4 ,people seemed much impressed with this view4 ,the fact is that every time ,i announced the subject at ,st4 ,james's1 ,westmoreland ,street1 ,marylebone1 crowds were unable to get seats1 and ,i was in a way compelled to resume the topic next ,sunday1 while thousands struggled in vain to get into my tolerably spacious vestry after the sermon to catch glimpses of the selected photos and spirit drawings there exposed to view4 ,well1 this shows1 ,i suppose1 that ,i had1 if possible1 under-estimated the toleration which ,i solicited for this dubious subject1 but which ,i hardly expected to win4 8,,will ,,you ,,show ,,me ,,the ,,ghost80 ,the physical philosopher 7and we are all physical philosophers1 whatever else we may be7 naturally asks1 when he is told that this or that person has seen a ghost1 8,will you show me the ghost80 ,sometimes he is informed that if he sleeps in the haunted room he will be quite satisfied4 ,sometimes he does1 and isn't--sometimes he does1 and is2 when he is1 like a wise man he is apt to keep what he has seen 7as ,johnson said every man did his religion7 to himself4 ,perhaps he may have been in the habit of laughing at ghosts and sneering at people who believed in them1 and doesn't want to eat his own words4 ,perhaps he resembles the man who said 8he did not believe in ghosts1 but was very much afraid of them20 or1 perhaps1 he had no taste1 after making a full confession about what he may have seen1 for the retort courteous1 that he was probably a fool or a liar--or both4 ,anyhow1 the physical philosopher might next inquire1 ,did several people see the ghost at once1 or independently at different times8 ,is there reason--that is to say--to suppose the ghost was really an objective 7external to the spectator7 or merely a subjective hallucination8 ,a very reasonable inquiry4 8,photograph me a ghost2 chemicals have no fancies1 plates don't get nervous1 and lenses tell no lies60 ,good4 ,so we proceed to get a medium into the studio2 we photograph away1 and a ghost comes out behind the medium6 8,ah6 but did you examine the plate before it was slipped in80 8,no40 8,then the plate was cooked2 the ghost was already on it40 8,try again40 ,this time you bring your own plate2 but again comes a ghost4 8,ah6 but did you change the screen behind you--shift it1 or put your own screen80 8,no40 8,well1 the ghost was in chemicals on the screen40 ,so next time you remove the photographer's screen1 and put your own1 and bring your own plate1 too2 but again comes a ghost4 8,ah6 but did you examine the inside of the camera8 ,did you watch the developing process8 ,did you watch your plate from beginning to end8 ,nay1 did you spy everything--windows1 c4--outside thoroughly8 ,a ghost might be shot on to the exposed camera4 ,did you allow any one to dress up in a sheet behind you1 and do the partial exposure trick80 ,well1 next time you take every precaution1 and if still you get a ghost1 8that gives to reflect10 as the ,french say2 so let us reflect a little4 8,,authentic0 ,,ghost ,,photos4 ,the most authentic ghost photos are the hardest to get hold of4 ,they are in the hands of private amateur photographers1 who are shy of lending or showing them because they are shy of being accused of fraud or folly2 besides1 to them these photos are often sacred1 or they seem to portray the features of the beloved dead4 ,i believe ,mr4 ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s41 one of the greatest scientists living--the renowned inventor of the radiometer--has obtained spirit photos of a materialised form that appeared apart from the medium1 and moved about the room freely while a continuous current of electricity was being passed through the entranced medium1 so that she could not move without betraying the motion4 ,but1 like the wise man he is1 ,mr4 ,crookes1 after having tasted the quality of scientific bigotry1 and already suffered somewhat for his ardour in the pursuit of unpopular and novel truth--,mr4 ,crookes1 ,i say1 keeps certain experiences1 together with his abnormal photos1 to himself1 and will not now even show them4 ,it is of no importance to him what those who do not and cannot know the facts think about them4 ,they belong to his laboratory work4 ,why should he bother himself with a crowd of outsiders8 ,of course1 no spirit photo1 of itself1 can bear conviction1 nor is it possible to produce about it in a journal any evidence that will4 ,the two spirit photos ,i have been prevailed upon to allow the ,editor of the ,daily ,graphic to use with this open letter are1 nevertheless1 of considerable interest4 7#a7 ,the lady seated went with her daughter4 ,she did not tell the photographer who was in her thoughts4 ,she thought of and longed for her father to appear4 ,she did not even tell her daughter or any one else the mental test4 ,she thought that her father should appear wearing a peculiar black cap which he commonly used during the last days of his illness4 ,that test was never revealed before the plate was developed2 but it was answered1 as may be seen in the photo 7see opposite72 the features also are too marked to allow of any doubt4 ,illustration3 ,,lady ,,and ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,her ,,father4 7,lent by the ,editor of 8,the ,daily ,graphic407 ,,the ,,late ,,editor ,,of 8,,light40 ,the picture on page #hc represents ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses and a figure unknown to him4 ,the accomplished ,editor of ,light is best known to the public as ,m4,a4 ,oxon4 ,the ,rev4 ,stainton ,moses1 a graduate of ,oxford ,university1 was for many years ,classical and ,english master at ,university ,college1 ,london4 ,from his investigations he became convinced of the general truths of what is vaguely called ,spiritualism1 and has devoted himself for some twenty years to making the public familiar with the higher aspects1 while warning them against its ridiculous1 dangerous1 or degrading tendencies4 ,the only interest of the photo is that it was taken under all those strict test conditions which ,i have alluded to above in this open letter4 ,the chief professional spirit photographers are ,m4 ,buguet1 of ,paris1 frightened by the priest into a recantation of his spirit photos1 which recantation no one who tested ,buguet believes any more than does ,buguet himself2 ,mr4 ,hudson1 who was1 ,i am told1 not always above suspicion1 but1 like other mediums1 was also successful under rigid test conditions2 ,mumler1 ,beattie1 and many others ,i know nothing about4 ,mr4 ,stead is now occupied in testing spirit photography1 and that being the case1 we are soon likely to hear more about it from an abler pen than mine4 ,so great was the interest shown in the labelled spirit photos and the spirit drawings by the late ,mrs4 ,watts1 daughter of ,william and ,mary ,howitt1 exposed in my vestry1 ,st4 ,james's1 ,westmoreland ,street1 ,marylebone1 that ,i kept them up for a second ,sunday4 ,there is nothing like publicity as a means of getting at truth4 ,let in the light6 ,sift facts6 8,prove all things2 hold fast that which is good40--#a ,thess4 v4 #ba4 ,illustration3 ,,mr4 ,,stainton ,,moses 7,m4,a4 ,oxon7 ,,and ,,the ,,unknown ,,ghost4 7,lent by the ,editor of 8,the ,daily ,graphic407 ,,spirit ,,photography4 ,by ,,jas4 ,,robertson1 ,glasgow4 ,the most striking phenomena associated with what comes under the name of ,spiritualism are those connected with photography4 ,it was very naturally thought that nothing was so capable of bringing conviction to the inquirer as a record made by the camera1 which might be considered free from all imagination1 unconscious cerebration1 expectancy1 c41 and yet there has been no part of the phenomena that has been more fiercely assailed as being fraudulent4 ,no matter how clear and searching and honest has been the experimenter1 if success attends his work suspicion and cruel innuendo invariably follow him4 ,the truths pertaining to the spiritual are not received in the same calm1 critical1 and philosophic spirit as the discoveries that are presented in other realms4 ,people gladly welcome a new planet1 or a new metal1 and laud the discoverer2 but the explorer in spiritual phenomena is at once set down as either a madman or a fraudulent person4 ,one can scarcely estimate the loss the world has sustained by its want of fair treatment2 sensitive souls fear to speak out and tell all they know4 ,robert ,chambers kept his ,spiritualism in the background1 and walked through life honoured and respected1 but he made the battle of unpopular truth all the more difficult to fight for the men and women who did speak out4 ,spiritualists1 though set down as credulous1 are as far removed from this condition as it is possible to be2 they have had to fight their way step by step1 critically examining1 but honestly yielding when the facts were too much for them4 ,very many photographic artists are in their ranks who have again and again met with strange and weird markings on the sensitive plate1 which they could not understand2 they have sought only to get at the truth4 ,fraud lives but for the hour1 and the person who has joined the ranks of an unpopular cause knows that a fierce light will beat upon all his actions1 so that he need be more than ordinarily cautious in all he sets down2 but though bogus spirit pictures can be made1 must we cease to present those which are got by honest people under conditions that have been considered perfect8 ,over twenty years since1 in ,new ,york1 a photographer named ,wm4 ,h4 ,mumler succeeded in getting hundreds of pictures of the so-called dead1 which were recognised by their friends as portraits2 the great body of people who went to him were total strangers1 one of them1 thickly veiled1 being the wife of the murdered ,president ,lincoln4 ,on the plate was seen her husband and one of her children1 who had passed on4 ,i had the good fortune to come in contact with those who went to ,mr4 ,mumler shortly after arriving in ,new ,york1 and who got test pictures which were beyond cavil or suspicion4 ,in hundreds of cases the camera saw and reported what the physical senses did not cognise4 ,mr4 ,mumler's success brought him only hardship and excessive pain2 he was dragged into the law courts and fiercely assailed as an impostor1 but the volume of evidence which was brought in his favour so vindicated his character that he triumphed4 ,in our own country again and again we have had photographers1 amateur and professional1 who have met with these forms on their plates4 ,mr4 ,hudson1 of ,london1 got many test pictures1 and a whole crowd of eminent people have vouched for the reality of the likenesses of their deceased friends4 ,mr4 ,john ,beattie1 of ,clifton1 a retired photographer of twenty years' experience1 a man thoughtful and skilful1 along with his friend ,dr4 ,thompson1 made experiments in spirit photography for their own private satisfaction1 and placed on record details of their patience and ultimate success4 ,forms again and again1 some fragmentary1 faint1 and shadowy1 some full and clear1 appeared on the plate1 fully attesting that spirit photography was real4 ,the late editor of ,light1 ,rev4 ,stainton ,moses1 ,m4,a41 had a most extensive experience1 and brought a clear and searching intellect to bear upon it4 ,his series of papers dealing with the subject is careful and complete in all details1 and shows with what patience and care the spiritual investigator examines the ground before he gives forth his conclusions4 ,in his experiments he ofttimes saw the figures which afterwards made their appearance on the plate4 ,my own opportunities for the observation of the reality of the phenomena have been good4 ,brought into close and daily contact with ,mr4 ,david ,duguid1 through our business relations1 ,i have been able to witness almost all the pictures which have been taken through his mediumship4 ,he has been most averse all the time to give sittings1 as he fully knows the amount of suspicion which must gather1 and the annoyance that will be created1 however successful2 yet still he is anxious to perform his share in the work of demonstrating human immortality4 ,it seems hard that the spiritual medium1 of all persons1 should have the taint of suspicion cast around him4 ,spiritualists themselves have come from such a sceptical1 materialistic side of human experience1 that they are suspicious of each bit of phenomena which has not hitherto come under their gaze4 ,it must not be overlooked that the bulk of exposures have been the result of the actions of spiritualists who would have nothing but what is genuine4 ,some years since ,mr4 ,duguid yielded to the strong pressure that was brought to bear1 and took at intervals pictures on which appeared other forms than those seen by the physical senses4 ,each effort was not a success4 ,again and again have we gone into the developing chamber1 only to find there was but the physical sitter4 ,on all these occasions we took the utmost care to be able to vouch for the conditions under which they were taken1 so as to meet the naturally critical questions which would be put4 ,mr4 ,andrew ,glendinning1 of ,london1 who has been on the closest terms of friendship with ,mr4 ,duguid for over thirty years1 used to come down1 and at such times the latter yielded to the request for a sitting4 ,mr4 ,glendinning brought his own plates1 took every precaution that they should not pass out of his sight--not that he suspected anything wrong1 but that he might make his testimony of value4 ,we had on almost every visit the most marked success4 ,during the process ,i was often conscious of the presence of spirit people before they made their appearance on the plate2 people who were known in the flesh and others came in this mysterious way1 and clearly showed that death must be some other thing than what was made out by popular theologies4 ,as the ,rev4 ,john ,page ,hopps says1 8,a future life means persistence of life1 means that the spirit self remains a conscious living self when it sheds the muddy vesture of clay4444 ,such a being1 acting from the unseen upon the sphere of what is to us the seen1 might1 under certain conditions1 be able to work what we call miracles40 ,it was the good fortune of ,mr4 ,glendinning to get beside us on one occasion a most exquisite face of a lady1 full of each charm and grace that make up the womanly character4 ,the term angelic might be applied to it4 ,such a face the seraphic painters have ofttimes drawn1 a ,raphael might have painted it4 ,from somewhere must have come this form2 and ,spiritualism demonstrates what ,mr4 ,justice ,groves1 in ,the ,correlation of ,physical ,forces1 gives as a probable theory1 8,myriads of organised beings may exist imperceptible to our vision1 even if we were among them40 ,a legal gentleman of some literary culture1 who had become conscious of the reality and beauty of the spiritual philosophy1 wrote several valuable articles1 in which were given the clearest proofs of spirit identity4 ,he was most anxious to get the picture of a dear boy whom death had carried away some years before1 and whose absence1 perhaps1 made him at first inquire as to whether ,spiritualism had any joy to give4 ,under the signature of 8,edina0 this gentleman gives one of the most satisfactory bits of evidence it would be possible to get4 ,he made attempts to get this portrait in ,glasgow1 but in vain2 though the child's sister1 who was clairvoyant1 saw him quite distinctly1 8,edina0 was not able to get his impress on the plate4 ,i give the following from 8,edina10 which surely places beyond a doubt that these spirit photographs are what they claim to be3-- 8,seven separate attempts were made to get a spirit photograph of our lost one--twice in ,glasgow and five times in ,edinburgh--and on every occasion1 although our family medium informed us that our son was in the room and standing before the camera1 besides being assisted or attended by others of our relatives1 now on the other side1 nothing was got but faces of persons unknown to us4 #8,try and try again' has1 however1 always been our motto in matters appertaining to the spirit world1 and1 though we were discouraged1 we resolved to persevere4 ,two of the seven sittings were taken with ,mr4 ,david ,duguid1 in ,glasgow1 and he also came to ,edinburgh and had two sittings1 or trials1 for photography in our house1 and in the room in which our son was born and died1 so that every favourable condition possible was complied with1 but all in vain4 ,mr4 ,duguid was here early in ,april1 #ahib1 giving his second painting sance1 and he again kindly offered to make another effort to get what we desired4 ,on this occasion1 ,i am proud to report that our efforts have been crowned with conspicuous success4 ,on the night previous to the day on which our eighth and successful sitting took place1 a letter was automatically written by our daughter1 in the handwriting we know so well1 that of my wife's eldest sister1 who passed over twenty-eight years ago1 and who has had charge of our son since he entered the spirit world4 ,the letter gave us full directions as to next day's experiment1 and again requested it to be made in the bedroom referred to4 ,mr4 ,duguid was in ,edinburgh the same night on which the letter came1 but he merely called1 left his camera1 and arranged as to next day's sitting4 ,he returned next day at noon1 and the photographic sitting was at once begun4 ,the day was bright and clear1 and the conditions seemed to favour a good sitting4 ,the bedroom is a large one1 being twenty feet long by about fifteen feet broad1 and is well lighted by a plate-glass window1 so that the light was excellent4 8,before dealing with the sitting1 ,i premise that the dry plates which were to be used in the camera were purchased by us in a shop in ,edinburgh on the day preceding ,mr4 ,duguid's arrival1 and the chemicals required for the development of the negative were what remained of the supply purchased by us on the occasion of ,mr4 ,duguid's former visit4 ,the sitting began about twelve o'clock1 and four plates were first used by the medium4 ,after an hour two more plates were tried1 and then we ceased operations4 ,these six plates were taken out one by one from the paper in which they were wrapped1 by my second eldest daughter1 in a #8dark' room1 lighted with a small red lamp1 and then handed by her to ,mr4 ,duguid4 ,he1 in her presence1 put each plate1 as it was required to be used1 into the dark slide1 which he then took to the bedroom and inserted in the camera4 ,by desire of the medium my wife and two daughters in succession1 just before each photograph was taken1 put one of their hands on the top of the camera for a second or two4 ,as ,i have said1 six of the twelve plates purchased by us were used at the sitting1 and on development it was found that on four of them there was a child's face and form appearing close to the sitters1 who were my wife and two daughters before referred to4 ,after the sitting closed1 ,mr4 ,duguid proposed to take the four plates with him to ,glasgow to get them printed off2 but pending his going home1 he left the whole series with us overnight1 and got them from us next day4 8,in the interim1 however1 our anxiety as to the child's face on the four negatives led us to attempt to print off an impression on some prepared paper we had left in the house from the last futile experiment4 ,accordingly1 my second eldest daughter1 who has had some experience in amateur photography1 took the four plates ,i have above referred to1 and put them to be printed at one of the windows4 ,on examining the four impressions as they were printed off1 we were gratified to find1 on each of the four photographs or copies so printed1 a clear and well-defined likeness of our departed son1 not with a #8shadowy' or #8filmy' face1 like some spirit photographs ,i have seen1 but quite #8human-looking1' although a sweeter and more spiritual expression pervades the countenance than when in earth life4 ,the portrait of our boy is as clear and distinct as the one we possess of ,professor ,sandringham1 which is admitted1 by every one who has seen it1 to be a splendidly distinct spirit photograph4 ,the first of the negatives which was printed off disclosed our boy sitting up in bed1 just in the place where he died1 and although1 as ,i have said1 his face is more spiritualised1 and not so chubby as when in earth life three years ago1 yet there is not the least doubt in our minds that it is our loved and lost one as he is now on the other side4 ,the second photograph discloses him as clothed in a boy's suit1 and sitting on his mother's knee4 ,here also the face is quite human-looking1 and just our son as he looked about the close of his sharp and severe illness4 ,the likeness in all the photographs is essentially the same4 ,over the figure in each photograph is a beautiful star1 and the whole experiment has been a phenomenal success in spirit photography1 besides being a source of great joy to us all4 8,mr4 ,duguid was never in my house in ,edinburgh till the end of ,january last 7#ahib74 ,two of our family went twice to ,glasgow--once in #ahij and once in #ahia--;and had a sitting with him on the occasion of each visit4 ,faces came on the negatives on both occasions1 but not the face wanted4 ,at these sittings nothing was said to ,mr4 ,duguid as to our family affairs1 or the appearance of our boy1 but he was told what we wanted1 and did his best to get a satisfactory result4 ,we were not disappointed at failure1 because we knew1 the difficulties attending the experiment4 ,the only photograph we have of our son was got when he was two years old1 and is not at all like what he was when he was taken from us4 ,the photograph was shown by me to ,mr4 ,duguid for the first and only time on the day succeeding the successful sitting1 and after the negatives had been printed off in the manner before detailed4 ,the dry plates were our own1 and were never handled by the medium till he put them in the slide or box as before described4 ,the chemicals were ours1 and the development took place in the presence of my second eldest daughter1 in the dark room before referred to1 and to which we all had access during the whole process4 ,i therefore claim that this demonstration has been a complete success1 because every test condition has been complied with4 ,as #8,salem ,scudder' puts it1 in a certain sensational scene in ,dion ,boucicault's well-known drama of the ,octoroon1 #8,i guess the apparatus can't lie4' ,the apparatus1 i4e41 the camera1 has certainly not lied to us4 ,i have also to state that our family medium saw our son in the room #8posed' in front of the camera during the sitting and pointed out the place where he stood1 before the medium put the slide into the instrument4 8,it has been with considerable reluctance that ,i have alluded to so much that is sacred and personal in our family1 but in the interests of spiritual truth1 and for the sole purpose of showing that spirit photography1 by an honest medium like ,mr4 ,david ,duguid1 is possible1 ,i have deemed it necessary to give these facts1 and they have been stated with all the care and minuteness of detail in my power4 ,as ,i have said1 we failed seven times2 but the eighth trial gave us something to treasure for life4 ,we are certainly under a deep debt of gratitude to ,mr4 ,david ,duguid for the beneficent use of his mediumistic powers in literally #8giving us back our dead1' or rather1 showing us our dear one clothed as he now is1 in his spiritual body1 as on the other side4 8,these are the consolations of ,spiritualism which the uninstructed cannot understand or appreciate4 ,in my humble judgment ,spiritualistic research should be prosecuted in the home1 as1 there only1 results will be got of the best and purest kind4 ,that at least has been our experience1 and we gratefully acknowledge the mercies bestowed on us40 ,why should we not accept this as a truthful statement8 ,the word of such a man as 8,edina0 would be accepted to the full on any other subject1 but there is a deep-rooted antipathy in the public mind against the recognition or acceptance of spiritual phenomena4 ,florence ,marryat1 in describing the striking and marvellous incidents of her life1 asks why she should be disbelieved in these matters any more than ,lady ,brassey1 or ,livingstone1 or ,stanley regarding their travels4 ,the most conclusive of testimony as to the reality of spirit photography was that recently given in ,london by ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor1 editor of the ,british ,journal of ,photography1 and one of the most capable men it was possible to get for entering into an investigation of this matter4 ,mr4 ,taylor holds the first of scientific reputations1 and would have been selected by all the leading minds in the world of photography as worthy of representing it4 ,the story told by him is clear in every detail as to the methods he adopted to meet any objections that might arise1 and the success attained was quite in keeping with what had hitherto been got by ,mr4 ,glendinning and others in their ,glasgow experiments4 ,mr4 ,glendinning felt so confident that other honest minds could only reach the same results as himself1 that he prevailed on ,mr4 ,duguid to visit ,london1 and give these test sittings to ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,this is another stone in the fabric of evidence that builds up the new spiritual truths4 ,such evidence has been given again and again by other workers in this field1 but scarcely ever before by a person enjoying such a reputation in this special domain as does ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,it was scarcely to be expected that ,mr4 ,taylor's statement1 clear as it is1 and which1 had it had no connexion with spiritual phenomena1 would have been welcomed and widely applauded1 would be accepted4 ,even as ,wm4 ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s41 when he blessed ,spiritualism1 instead of cursing it as was expected1 met with a tremendous amount of ridicule and malignity1 so has ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,those who heard the story1 while admitting that ,mr4 ,taylor was quite the ablest man in the ranks to enter on such an investigation1 still felt that they would have been abler still1 and yet no one could point out any other precautions which might have been taken4 ,as one who was present ,i know the matter was entirely in his 7,mr4 ,taylor's7 hands to do as seemed to him best4 ,we were as desirous of truth as he was1 and the unprejudiced mind could only find in it all1 results which are perfectly conclusive of the reality of spirit photography4 ,mr4 ,stead gives publicity to one of the pictures obtained by ,mr4 ,taylor1 in the ,april number of ,review of ,reviews1 and concludes his remarks by saying that 8,everything1 of course1 depends upon the accuracy and honesty of the photographer1 and the reputation of ,mr4 ,taylor and ,mr4 ,glendinning is above reproach10 and so is it also with the medium 7,mr4 ,duguid7 who only contributed his presence during the experiments1 taking the least interest really of all those who were present4 ,it might be asked what kind of evidence would be accepted to prove the reality of the various phases of spiritual phenomena8 ,could a ,tyndall or a ,huxley have done more in an investigation of this kind than was done by ,mr4 ,taylor1 ,mr4 ,glendinning1 and those who were associated with them8 ,were photography the sole phenomenon associated with the movement1 this might require to be investigated again and again1 but for over thirty years certain positive statements have been made1 and the evidence tendered1 as to the reality of spirit raps1 which psychical science can throw no light upon4 ,cromwell ,varley1 ,f4,r4,s41 with his acknowledged electrical experience1 thought he could soon explode the spirit theory1 but1 instead1 he became a devoted and courageous spiritualist4 ,william ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s41 and ,dr4 ,alfred ,russel ,wallace1 ,f4,r4,s41 have alike testified to the spirit raps1 and to the phase of materialisation by which forms solid and tangible are built up4 ,mr4 ,crookes on many occasions has photographed these physicalised 8forms10 and ,dr4 ,wallace has vouched for the fact that with a spirit medium he got a photograph1 and1 on sending this abroad to other relatives1 it was at once recognised as the portrait of his departed mother1 and certain peculiarities which could not be imitated made the matter more certain4 ,mr4 ,taylor has done nothing new1 only corroborated what the many bold but practical people had found out before--the people who1 to get at truth1 had stood any number of hard names4 ,they were not deceivers or idlers carried away by the light of an idea1 but practical1 sober-minded people1 who trusted to nothing but experiment1 and willing to tread down any amount of obstacles that truth might be reached4 ,a man like ,mr4 ,andrew ,glendinning1 certain of the facts of spirit communion1 might1 had he been selfishly inclined1 have allowed the world to sneer on1 and have troubled little about the accumulation of evidence2 but the rich fruits he had gathered during many years made a naturally generous nature anxious to share them with others4 ,the propagation of an unpopular idea was not likely to bring him honour of any kind4 ,he knew well what all past experimenters had to face1 but he was determined this question should be placed in such a position that there would be no reason for cavil4 ,it has been with much patience1 and amid many suspicions1 that this careful investigator has helped to make palpable that there is a roadway between the 8undiscovered country0 of spirit life and this world of ours2 that the transcendent intuitions of poets and seers have been founded on realities which are now being demonstrated4 ,we spiritualists have indeed got to know1 beyond a doubt1 what the human race had not learned in its thousands of years1 viz41 that death is a delusion4 ,the lamp has been kindled at the light gleaming from the sky1 and nothing can again put out the flame4 ,spiritualism has a certain aim1 and does not mean to drift4 ,it has come for a divine purpose1 to be sacredly cherished and unfolded4 ,even ,mr4 ,stead1 the longer he pursues his investigations1 has less and less to say regarding the danger of investigation4 ,he feels and acknowledges that he has entered upon a realm which may yet have many priceless gems to give up4 ,the spiritualist must be a come-outer1 able to break away from trammels and all despotic traditions4 ,the fear of the ,evil ,one1 the bad odour associated with the name 8witchcraft10 the unwise and weak bits in ,old ,testament history1 stop him not in his investigations4 8,thou shalt0 and 8thou shalt not0 of tradition he asks the authority for1 taking nothing on authority but truths which can be demonstrated4 ,if the world applauds those who joined together fire and water and iron and made it ready to do men's bidding1 if it reverences those who with audacious hands have taken the lightning from heaven and sent it to carry tidings between the ends of the earth1 so will it one day surely reverence and honour the many spiritual workers who have toiled bravely to make it evident that there is no death4 8,he that walks with humble men10 says a wise teacher1 8often stumbles over masses of unsunned gold where men1 proud in emptiness1 looked only for common dust40 ,why should intelligent men mock at small beginnings like the rise of the modern spiritual movement8 ,the great institutions which have done the best work for mankind have had to face the same kind of sneer and ridicule4 ,history repeats itself all the time4 ,as ,lecky eloquently points out1 the ,christian religion1 which was surely a potent force for good or evil1 was unseen by the leading minds who made up the intellectual force of the ,roman empire4 ,no single man of weight saw in it a conquering power1 but glanced at it as something weak and ignoble4 ,carlyle regrets that the wise and penetrating ,tacitus could only see in it a weak superstition1 while he 7,carlyle7 held somewhat similar views about ,spiritualism 7which1 according to ,theodore ,parker1 has more evidence for its wonders than any other historic form of religion71 as the best word he could offer was that it was 8the religion of ,dead ,sea apes40 ,that the idea of spirit communion will grow and find a place in the people's hearts is as certain as that the sun shines each day4 ,the best of minds have welcomed it1 even those who could not tolerate it at first4 ,it is indeed a choice revelation of higher import than all physical science has yet given4 ,elizabeth ,barrett ,browning wondered how the world1 weeping for its dead1 did not accord it warm welcome4 ,she found in ,spiritualism the richest consolation4 ,this age has almost witnessed the abolition of slavery1 and to-day there is not more antagonism to ,spiritualism than sixty years since there was towards the anti-slavery party4 ,lloyd ,garrison1 afterwards a pronounced ,spiritualist1 was indeed bold for conscience sake1 for truth and justice1 when he started the ,liberator4 ,it did not seem as if the idea which possessed him could take root4 ,when his enemies made inquiry as to ,garrison's movements in #ahca1 they reported that his office was in an obscure hole1 his only visible auxiliary a negro-boy1 and his supporters a few insignificant persons of all colours--and yet in spite of this early report his idea shook the world4 ,the man and the negro-boy were pretty vigorous1 and there was a great truth promulgated from that obscure hole4 ,spiritualism1 through the brave advocacy of heroic men and women1 is at last becoming credible2 more toleration is now shown for its claims4 ,phenomena once considered trivial now receive attention4 ,many are awakening to the new thought1 and becoming better able to read the mystery of their past lives through what it teaches4 ,the influence of a noted journalist like ,mr4 ,stead is sure to keep the flame alight1 and divert the thought of those who want rest on this most important of all problems that concern us4 ,thanks to such men as ,wallace1 ,crookes1 ,stainton ,moses1 ,taylor1 and others1 who have collected and verified facts so patiently1 and demonstrated so surely that our dead live on1 and take an affectionate interest in our goings out and comings in4 ,,miscellanea4 ,by ,,andrew ,,glendinning4 8,wherever a road opens1 and ,i am moved to examine and experiment1 there ,i shall most surely go40--,,rev4 ,,george ,w4 ,,allen4 ,either the discoveries made by ,mumler1 ,stainton ,moses1 ,beattie and others1 have now been confirmed1 or a very eminent man1 specially trained in rigid investigation1 and an acknowledged expert in optics and the chemistry and manipulation of photography1 has been the victim of a marvellous and inexplicable delusion4 ,to say that1 notwithstanding all the precautions arranged1 and carefully carried out by ,mr4 ,taylor1 he was time after time deceived1 is to make a statement entirely opposed to probability and common sense1 yet that is the false refuge to which some fly from whom better things might be expected4 ,it exhibits strongly the credulity of incredulity1 and an ability to strain out a gnat but swallow a camel4 ,to print insinuations against the characters of those who investigate new and important facts1 and to air the superior wisdom of the critics in what are apparently intended as witticisms1 may serve the purpose of a day1 but truth remains unsoiled and unassailable4 ,when ,george ,cruikshank was preparing his pictorial brochure against ,spiritualism1 he was asked what he knew of the subject2 he replied he knew nothing1 and did not intend to inform himself till he had finished his book4 ,that is the position of many in regard to spirit photography2 the less they know about it1 the more they feel qualified to judge2 and a man who1 for the first time1 deigns to consider it1 will1 with the utmost confidence in his own opinion1 condemn as fraudulent a genuine spirit photograph2 yea1 he will even profess to discover the mark of the scissors and the grain of the paper from which he imagines the photograph has been cut and copied4 ,other objectors profess to have looked into the subject1 but because they saw nothing they thought worth following up1 therefore they practically conclude it is impossible any one else can be more fortunate4 ,that there are1 and will continue to be1 honest doubters goes without saying4 ,there are scientific men who cannot believe in the possibility of this new thing--their minds are in old grooves4 ,others say the consensus of opinion of photographers is against it4 ,granted2 and what of that8 ,any mere opinion as to whether spirit photography be possible does not in any way affect the question4 ,opinions do not alter facts4 ,the facts in this matter are entirely in favour of the reality of spirit photography4 ,there need not now be any question as to whether spirit photography is possible4 ,that was settled thirty years ago4 ,there is nothing in the whole range of psychic phenomena for which the evidence is more conclusive4 ,had there been no other proof1 the sworn evidence of scientific men1 bankers1 merchants1 lawyers1 photographers1 and others1 at the ,mumler trial was overwhelmingly abundant4 ,and since that trial there has been an accumulation of evidence from various quarters1 yielding proof upon proof that spirit photography is a fact1 and must be recognised as such4 ,contradicted it can be2 that is easy to do4 ,sneered at it may be2 that1 too1 is not difficult4 ,a man may sneer at a fact which he is unable to comprehend1 but a sneer proves nothing4 ,neither does an unsupported contradiction1 whether the contradiction be made by a single person1 or be made as a formal resolution by a society4 ,some of the witnesses who were examined on oath at ,mumler's trial were experts1 such as ,samuel ,k4 ,fanshaw4 ,that gentleman was one of the best miniature painters and facial experts in ,new ,york1 and was also familiar with photographic manipulations4 ,he said he went to ,mumler an entire stranger1 sat for a picture1 witnessed the whole process1 and received a likeness of his mother1 which he said was more like her than the one he had painted from memory4 ,mr4 ,livermore1 banker1 had three negatives1 in which his wife appeared in three different positions4 ,he was accompanied by ,mr4 ,hitchcock1 of the ,new ,york ,sun1 and ,mr4 ,gurney1 a leading photographer4 ,when ,judge ,dowling asked ,mr4 ,livermore if he recognised these pictures as likenesses of his wife1 his answer was1 8,unmistakably40 ,the spirit photograph of ,abraham ,lincoln has often been referred to4 ,my copy of it is now too faint for reproduction1 but it may be stated that when ,mrs4 ,lincoln visited ,mr4 ,mumler1 she wore a thick crape veil1 so thick that no one could distinguish a feature of her face4 ,she travelled under an assumed name from ,springfield 7,illinois7 to ,boston1 went direct from the train to ,mumler's house1 gave her name as 8,mrs4 ,lindall10 and did not remove her veil till the prepared plate was in the camera ready to be exposed4 ,she obtained an excellent picture of her husband1 standing behind her1 with his hands resting on her shoulders1 and looking down with a pleasant smile4 ,prominent ,americans1 whose names are well known in this country1 received through ,mumler's mediumship test spirit photographs of friends whom they recognised4 ,amongst these may be mentioned the ,hon4 ,henry ,wilson1 then ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states1 ,judge ,edmonds1 and ,william ,lloyd ,garrison4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,hon4 ,,moses ,a4 ,,dow1 ,,of ,,boston1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,,and ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,mabel ,,warren1 ,,his ,,literary ,,assistant ,,and ,,adopted ,,daughter4 ,as a fair specimen of spirit photographs obtained through ,mumler1 ,i submit one 7see opposite7 got by the ,hon4 ,moses ,a4 ,dow1 who was editor and proprietor of the ,waverley ,magazine1 ,boston4 ,the portrait was fully recognised by ,mr4 ,dow as that of an amiable and accomplished young lady who had been his assistant editor4 ,before sitting for the portrait ,mr4 ,dow had a sance with a lady medium1 and received from her a message1 which purported to be from his late assistant editor1 instructing him when to go to ,mumler's for the picture1 stating that she would appear with a wreath of lilies on her head1 would stand by his side1 would put her hand on his shoulder1 and would bring him beautiful flowers4 ,the photograph has lost some of its intensity2 but in the original negative the wreath of white lilies is very distinct1 and the spirit is holding between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand an opening moss-rosebud1 the exact counterpart of one which ,mr4 ,dow placed between the thumb and forefinger of her left hand1 while her body lay in the coffin just before the funeral4 ,similar tests have been obtained in photographs by other mediums4 ,on one occasion ,mr4 ,parkes had a visit from a friend who had promised to spend a forenoon and try experiments1 but he was unwilling to sit for a portrait owing to sudden and severe illness1 which he said would prevent any success4 ,he was induced by his wife to try4 ,while ,mr4 ,parkes was preparing a plate with collodion his friend sat down to compose himself1 and at once he became conscious of the presence of a spirit form by the kindly way passes were made over his head1 curing him entirely of his painful illness4 ,on the plate being developed there was a graceful female form standing beside him1 with her head bent downwards towards him1 and behind her--extending outwards and upwards from her shoulders--there was a patch of light seemingly intended to represent wings4 ,the sitter afterwards solved the enigma by stating that the influence from the spirit was of such a sweet and delightful character1 that it led him to hum to himself his favourite hymn3-- 8,how delightful the thought that the ,angels in bliss1 ,daily bend their bright wings to a world such as this1 ,and leave the sweet songs of the mansions above1 ,to breathe on our bosoms some message of love40 ,the imagery of the hymn found an embodiment in the photograph4 8,i have no wings--nor do ,i require wings10 subsequently explained the spirit1 8but the appearance of wings was assumed to please father40 ,her father was the sitter4 ,little thought he when waiting with a sad heart at the dying bed of a loved daughter1 and trying to sing the children's hymn1 that the time would arrive when she would come from her spirit home to cheer him in hours of sorrow and give him her portrait1 or that she would be able to render herself visible to normal sight1 and with her arms round father and mother1 kiss them both and speak to them both4 ,such are some of the secret blessings which come to those who wait1 work1 and pray4 8,thank ,god for this6 oh1 minist'ring angels1 thanks6 ,my grateful heart ,shall through my lips proclaim the truth4 ,our dead ,do not depart-- ,to some far city1 never to return4 ,they often come ,to aid1 to comfort us1 till we too reach ,that brighter home60 99 99 99 99 99 ,the difficulties and discouragements which arise in trying to photograph unseen forms do not exist to the same extent in photographing what are called 8materialised forms40 ,some excellent results in the latter have been obtained by various persons4 ,the most notable instances are those by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s41 recorded in the last chapter of his valuable book1 ,phenomena of ,spiritualism1 on the photographing of the spirit1 ,katie ,king1 by the electric light4 ,at these experiments ,mr4 ,crookes had five complete sets of photographic apparatus fitted up1 all of which were used at the same time at each sance1 and some excellent negatives were obtained4 8,but10 adds ,mr4 ,crookes1 8photography is as inadequate to depict the perfect beauty of ,katie's face as words are powerless to describe her charms of manner4 ,photography may1 indeed1 give a map of her countenance2 but how can it reproduce the brilliant purity of her complexion1 or the ever-varying expression of her most mobile features1 now overshadowed with sadness when relating some of the bitter experiences of her past life1 now smiling with all the innocence of happy girlhood when she had collected my children round her1 and was amusing them by recounting anecdotes of her adventures in ,india8 #8,round her she made an atmosphere of life2 ,the very air seemed lighter from her eyes1 ,they were so soft and beautiful1 and rife ,with all we can imagine of the skies2 ,her overpowering presence made you feel ,it would not be idolatry to kneel4'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,amongst the important papers contributed to the ,psychical ,congress at ,chicago1 one was sent1 at the request of the ,committee1 by ,dr4 ,alfred ,russel ,wallace1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,in it he says3-- 8,what are termed spirit photographs1 the appearance on a photographic plate of other figures besides those of the sitters1 often those of deceased friends of the sitters1 have now been known for more than twenty years4 ,many competent observers have tried experiments successfully2 but the facts seemed too extraordinary to carry conviction to any but the experimenters themselves1 and any allusion to the subject has usually been met with a smile of incredulity or a confident assertion of imposture4 ,it mattered not that most of the witnesses were experienced photographers who took precautions which rendered it absolutely impossible that they were imposed upon4 ,the most incredible suppositions were put forth1 by those who only had ignorance and incredulity to qualify them as judges1 in order to show that deception was possible4 ,and now we have another competent witness1 ,mr4 ,traill ,taylor1 for many years editor of the ,british ,journal of ,photography1 who1 taking every precaution that his life-long experience could suggest1 yet obtained on his plates figures which1 so far as normal photography is concerned1 ought not to have been there40 ,dr4 ,wallace has given a great deal of thoughtful consideration to this subject1 and has a large collection of genuine spirit photographs4 ,in his book1 ,miracles and ,modern ,spiritualism1#ad he devotes sixteen pages specially to the topic4 ,these pages--like everything else from ,dr4 ,wallace's pen--are worthy of careful study1 the following sentences particularly so3-- 8,it may be as well to clear away a popular misconception4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes advised the ,dialectical ,committee to distinguish carefully between #8facts and inferences from facts4' ,this is especially necessary in the case of what are called spirit photographs4 ,the figures which occur in these1 when not produced by any human agency1 may be of #8spiritual' origin1 without being figures #8of spirits4' ,there is much evidence to show that they are1 in some cases1 forms produced by invisible intelligences1 but distinct from them4 ,in other cases the intelligence appears to clothe itself with matter capable of being perceived by us2 but even then it does not follow that the form produced is the actual image of the spiritual form4 ,it may be but a reproduction of the former mortal form with its terrestrial accompaniments1 for purposes of recognition4 ,most persons have heard of these #8ghost pictures1' and how easily they can be made to order by any photographer1 and are therefore disposed to think they can be of no use as evidence4 ,but a little consideration will show that the means by which sham ghosts can be manufactured being so well known to all photographers1 it becomes easy to apply tests or arrange conditions so as to prevent imposition4 8,the following are some of the more obvious3--#a4 ,if a person with a knowledge of photography takes his own glass plates1 examines the camera used and all the accessories1 and watches the whole process of taking a picture1 then1 if any definite form appears on the negative besides the sitter1 it is a proof that some object was present capable of reflecting or emitting the actinic rays1 although invisible to those present4 #b4 ,if an unmistakable likeness appears of a deceased person totally unknown to the photographer4 #c4 ,if figures appear on the negative having a definite relation to the figure of the sitter1 who chooses his own position1 attitude1 and accompaniments1 it is a proof that invisible figures were really there4 #d4 ,if a figure appears draped in white1 and partly behind the dark body of the sitter without in the least showing through1 it is a proof that the white figure was there at the same time1 because the dark parts of the negative are transparent1 and any white picture in any way superposed would show through4 #e4 ,even should none of these tests be applied1 yet if a medium1 quite independent of the photographer1 sees and describes a figure during the sitting1 and an exactly corresponding figure appears on the plate1 it is a proof that such a figure was there4 8,every one of these tests have now been successfully applied in our own country40 ,dr4 ,wallace gives minute details of some experiments which resulted in his obtaining photographs which he recognised as unmistakable likenesses of his mother4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ,mr4 ,duguid was first asked to come to ,london to give test sances to ,mr4 ,taylor1 it was hoped that ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses would have so far recovered strength as to be present at the experiments4 ,he took great interest in the subject1 and many of his photographs have been reproduced by ,mr4 ,arthur ,maltby and ,mr4 ,acton4 ,on ,march #aith and #bfth ,mr4 ,maltby gave lectures in the ,athenum ,hall1 and exhibited on the lantern screen a number of spirit-photograph transparencies4 ,here are a few notes made at the meeting on ,march #aith1 by ,mr4 ,burns1 jun4 ,mr4 ,maltby said3-- 8,this lecture is given in memory of the late ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses1 better known as #8,m4,a41 ,oxon1' editor of ,light1 writer of many valuable books on ,spiritualism1 and one of the best friends the cause ever had4 ,most of you have either read or heard of his marvellous book called ,spirit ,teachings1 one of the grandest series of spirit controls ever published4 ,it teaches a higher ,spiritualism than is generally understood4 8,my object in giving this lecture is to try to convince you that it is possible to obtain photographs of friends who have passed away4 ,i shall also endeavour to explain the conditions necessary1 how they are attained1 and for what reason4 ,this lecture was suggested by ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses1 and the pictures ,i am about to show you were his4 ,i knew him for over fifteen years1 and have been favoured with particulars of the most remarkable events ever experienced4 8,one morning last spring ,i called on ,mr4 ,moses1 and found him busy reading proof-sheets of ,mr4 ,stead's ,real ,ghost ,stories4 ,whilst discussing these1 the subject of spirit photographs was introduced1 and he informed me that he had a collection of nearly #djj1 which he offered to lend me if ,i thought they could be suitably converted into lantern slides4 ,after examining the photographs1 ,i found it impossible in so short a time to select out of so many sufficient for a lecture4 ,i therefore begged the loan of them all1 and we are indebted to my friend and co-worker1 ,mr4 ,acton 7who is now manipulating the lantern71 for his patient efforts in converting so many photographs into lantern transparencies4 ,it was a most laborious task4 8,three months later1 when ,i returned the photographs1 ,mr4 ,moses kindly offered to take the chair at this lecture1 but that was not to be4 ,the day ,i was to submit my notes for his approval1 with the promise of a further and more complete description of the spirit photographs1 he had passed to the higher life4 8,many present to-night1 who are aware of the reality of life after death--a life ever progressive1 and as real as life on earth--can feel with me that this noble worker is not dead1 but lives1 continuing his efforts for the good of humanity as when on earth2 ever with us in our efforts to spread this glorious truth1 which is like the sunshine1 dispersing the fog and mist of orthodoxy and ignorance4 8,all the sittings he attended were under strict test conditions1 so there could be no possibility of fraud or deception4 ,these conditions were1 that he purchased his own plates1 marked each with his initials1 put them in and took them out of the dark slide1 not allowing them out of his sight until they were fully developed40 ,mr4 ,maltby then showed on the lantern screen about forty spirit photographs1 and other pictures connected with the subject1 all of which he explained4 ,many of the photographs of spirits had been recognised by the sitters and other relatives4 ,he then spoke of the spiritual advantages to be derived from spirit communion1 and after an invocation he thus concluded3-- 8,should this lecture induce any present to seek communion with their departed friends1 let me beg of them to seek only for spiritual aid in an earnest and prayerful manner1 in their own homes1 amongst friends who desire to know the truth and will investigate with unbiassed minds4 ,to such success must come1 sooner or later2 but those who try to use ,god's spiritual gifts for worldly and selfish ends will bring disaster on themselves and discredit on the cause40 99 99 99 99 99 ,at a sance held twenty-nine years ago1 the following question was put as to spirit photographs3 8,we do not comprehend how these are produced4 ,can you give us any information as to the process gone through80 ,the answer given through the medium1 ,mr4 ,peter ,a4 ,chesser1 marine engineer1 may be of interest to some4 ,it was this3 8,spirits impress their image on the plate by depositing thereon repeated layers of magnetism4 ,according to their respective powers of affording this1 so is the impression more or less distinct4 ,the magnetism must be of the same texture or affinity as that possessed by the operator2 it is accomplished by a rapid vibration of the spirits' magnetic emanation in depositing layer after layer1 and the process is this3 ,the operator by frequent manipulation saturates his materials with his aura--,i do not mean the animal aura of mesmerism1 but his spiritual aura2 this1 by repeated impression on his part from repeated manipulations 7which require considerable time1 since he is still in the body and has1 therefore1 more difficulty in1 as it were1 filtering this spirit-aura through the pores of his body than have the spirits1 who are not trammelled in like manner71 at last leaves a positive viscidity on his materials which serves to retain the first impressions thrown by the spirits upon it4 ,when they from affinity cohere1 the image is rapidly built up on this superstructure4 ,any person through the pores of whose body-material this spirit-aura can readily pass is in a condition to take photographs of the kind to which you refer4 ,much passiveness1 however1 is requisite40 ,this reply refers1 of course1 to the photographs in class ,no4 ,i41 mentioned in the ,preface1 not to pictures which are produced by spirit precipitation4 ,in experiments made with ,mr4 ,chesser at that time 7#ahfd71 we used the wet-collodion process1 on new glass plates which were cut for us by a glass merchant4 ,the plates were carefully cleansed and finally washed and rubbed by myself with spirits of wine4 ,we never used a plate twice in such experiments4 ,what is worth doing at all is worth doing well and carefully4 ,we obtained some pictures which would have been of interest had we possessed more knowledge of the subject1 but we aimed too high and were not satisfied with slow progress4 ,in fact we wanted a clear and good likeness of one of our relatives1 so several plates were broken and put in the dust-bin which1 in the light thrown on the subject by later experience1 we should have prized4 ,one plate of that period was kept because it had a shadowy image of the medium1 although he was not within the field of view when the plate was exposed4 ,unfortunately1 the photograph was not intensified2 for when ,i was washing it at the tap1 the water got between the plate and the collodion1 and away went the film1 but1 although torn1 ,i managed to spread part of it on the glass again4 ,the following statement was made by one of our unseen friends with respect to that picture4 ,our questions were put through the medium1 and the answers were given by automatic writing4 ,,question3 ,we have here a photograph upon which there exists so much diversity of opinion that we want to know what it is8 ,,answer3 ,it is yourself1 distinctly enough1 but as we see your next question we will proceed to explain how it came about that such impression was produced on the plate4 ,,the ,,medium3 ,stop a moment--do you mean that it is my body or my spirit8 ,,answer3 ,we mean your spirit-aura4 ,your body could not be taken without your being either directly in front of the camera or reflected into its focus4 ,perhaps it will be better to explain some of the peculiarities attending this phase1 as it involves many points of interest4 ,you were standing in front of the camera for about a quarter of an hour before the picture was taken or the plate prepared4 ,in obedience to a suggestion1 you were awaiting the approach of the spirit who told you he could be photographed1 and1 in order to retain your passivity1 you remained standing where you were4 ,when you saw him seated you went to prepare the plate1 but not without leaving your emanation behind1 which1 on the plate being exposed1 was duly photographed4 ,the proof is easy4 ,again stand in the same position for1 say1 ten minutes1 then leave the room1 and let a good clairvoyant be introduced and questioned as to what he sees1 when he will immediately describe you as supplying the place you have vacated1 with all the accessories pertaining thereto4 ,but although he could at all times see this1 your emanation could not at all times be impressed on the plate4 ,returning to another matter3 ,man does not enjoy only one image of himself1 but six1 embracing three individualities1 viz41 body1 soul1 and spirit2 and three emanations proceeding therefrom1 respectively1 body-odyle1 spirit-aura1 and soul-essence4 ,these must on no account be confounded with each other1 as is too often the case4 ,respecting the last--soul and soul-essence--as it is more remote1 being seldom brought into play outside the human tenement 7unless under peculiar circumstances71 we do not intend speaking of it in connexion with the present topic2 so direct your attention more particularly to the remaining four1 partly in explanation of their attributes1 and partly in reference to photography4 ,first1 then1 the body is most easily impressed upon the plate1 requiring fewer vibrations than its odylic form1 after which1 in order1 come spirit1 spirit-aura1 soul and soul-essence1 the last requiring millions of vibrations1 which1 although costing more effort1 takes no more time1 in many cases4 ,it depends on the sphere of the spirit4 ,you may form an idea of this by taking into account the incredible power of motion which spirits possess4 ,now1 the odylic emanation may be projected by the will from the material body1 but the spirit cannot itself be so projected2 it must be1 as it were1 allowed to flow forth of its own accord4 ,similarly1 the spirit1 when thus free to move1 can project its aura in like manner4 ,in both these cases the emanation1 by its velocity1 becomes from necessary friction respectively electrified1 or magnetic and spiritualised2 that is to say1 the emanations become endowed with a certain amount of vital energy1 life-force1 or1 in fact1 of existence4 ,the mere life-force does not imply intelligence also1 but it does when the emanation is spiritualised4 ,man's will is from his spirit2 hence1 the will can project the odyle1 but not the spirit1 for when the spirit is absent the will is absent1 dormant in reality 7as the soul never interferes with the will71 and the trance state results4 ,it is quite possible for the spirit1 under favourable conditions1 to project its aura at the same time as the projection of the odyle4 ,the two emanations coming into contact would form a union of the life-element with the thinking principle4 ,we do not mean with thought1 but with thought-material--thought being supplied only by the spirit1 the ideas or germs of thought being suggested by the soul and elaborated by the spirit4 ,without this constant emanation1 or fluid impulse 7viz41 the soul-essence7 to urge it1 the spirit would not think2 it would be inactive1 the soul-essence being its vivifying impulse to activity4 ,now1 when the odyle and aura have coalesced1 a new body1 complete in all its functions1 is not therefore the result1 but merely a body-elementary1 i4e41 imbued with life-force1 and furnished with thought-material1 minus thought4 ,this1 then1 is the eidolon1 image1 you occasionally hear of4 ,still1 you must not suppose it to be severed from the parent body2 by no means3 it is linked to it by attraction1 gravitation1 and affinity1 or that element of which you can form ideas for practical purposes1 but of which you do not understand the nature4 ,but1 you may say1 there are instances of eidolons speaking2 now1 if it has not thought1 how can it speak rationally8 ,let us explain3 thoughts are produced by vibrations of their materials1 and vibration is produced by the soul-essence through the spirit1 the soul being the prime reservoir of motion 7intellectually74 ,now1 suppose the eidolon to be questioned by the person to whom it appeared1 this question being the result of thought1 vibration would communicate the motion to the intellectual materials of the eidolon1 and this vibration would be instantly felt by the parent body1 and an answer returned accordingly4 ,in reference to the suggestion that spirit manifestations may be the work of eidolons1 the reply was3 8,as departed spirits do exist1 and can communicate with mortals--of which there is abundant proof--there is no need to suppose a state of things which does not exist in order to account for what does40 ,an explanation was also given as to how eidolons are formed1 but that does not concern our present subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,some investigators seem to think that the same spirit forms ought not to appear on plates with different people1 and that if they do so the circumstance warrants suspicion1 if it is not even a proof of fraud4 ,this is an entire mistake1 and a mistake which can only be made by those who have not investigated the matter in a practical manner for any considerable length of time4 ,apply the same reasoning to materialisation1 or to direct spirit writing1 and see what it will lead to4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,d4 ,opie1 of ,adelaide1 in a lecture on 8,spirit ,photography10 delivered on ,july #ast1 #ahia1 before the ,adelaide ,spiritualistic ,association1 made this remark3 8,it is necessary to accept all second-hand reports of this phase of ,spiritualism with more than usual reserve1 as1 in one instance at least1 ,i have discovered1 on comparing reports of the obtaining of the same picture by different people40 ,mr4 ,opie in these words probably expresses an opinion held by many others1 held in ,london as well as in ,adelaide4 ,and what are we to infer from it8 ,that if two sitters get on their plates a picture of the same spirit form1 it will be a proof of fraud8 ,not at all4 ,of course1 if the pictures have been produced by a dishonest operator1 they may be fraudulent4 ,that is not a thing to dispute4 ,but the fact is that there are in existence a number of genuine spirit photographs in which the same abnormal images are found with various sitters4 ,most of these have differences in size1 in attitude1 and in spirit drapery on the forms1 but the likenesses are identical4 ,some of them have been taken in different places1 with different cameras1 with plates purchased in different cities and used by careful investigators4 ,mr4 ,opie's lecture was published in ,adelaide as a pamphlet of twenty-two pages2 it is the result of much reading1 and it is but fair to ,mr4 ,opie to note that he had no practical acquaintance with the subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,parkes gave some sances in #ahge in ,mr4 ,burns's rooms1 #ae ,southampton ,row4 ,on one occasion three sitters got spirit forms on three plates4 ,at the same meeting ,i requested that ,i might be photographed4 ,a clairvoyante sitting near me said ,i ought to get something good1 for she could see a number of spirits near me4 ,when the plate was developed there were eleven spirit forms on it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,several spirit photographs of children have been obtained4 ,one of these is the interesting one of 8,edina's0 little boy1 a full account of which is in ,mr4 ,robertson's paper in this volume4 ,another child's portrait was got unexpectedly at a test sance in ,april1 #ahib4 ,the arrangements and operations were under my superintendence4 ,i invited a lady 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,n4 ,anderson7 to take a place near the sitter in order to try whether her mediumistic power would aid the experiment4 ,i was vexed at not getting the special result ,i wanted1 but soon ,i had cause for gladness in the joy which the portrait obtained brought to the hearts of the child's father and mother4 ,to the notes of the sance1 which were signed by all present1 ,i added the following words as a postscript3 8,the child's dress exhibits what was not known to any person outside of ,mr4 ,anderson's family40 ,that test is of a kind to impress a mother's mind4 ,previous to the child's departure he was lying cold in bed1 when his mother took from a drawer a night-dress of one of her older boys1 and put it on the ailing child4 ,this night-dress had a certain kind of frill round the neck-band2 and that night-dress1 with its frill and long sleeves1 is represented in the photograph4 ,there was no picture in existence from which the photograph could have been copied2 and the likeness is not only attested by the parents1 but by friends of the family1 and by ,mr4 ,james ,robertson1 president of the ,glasgow ,society1 who had often seen the boy4 ,some one may ask1 how was the photograph of the child obtained1 seeing he was too young to come unaided to stand before the camera1 or to impress his image on the prepared plate without the camera8 ,an interesting question1 no doubt4 ,to it ,i reply1 8,i do not know3 ,i am stating facts1 not trying to explain them40 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the ,review of ,reviews for ,april1 #ahic1 ,mr4 ,stead suggested that additional experiments should be tried to obtain psychic pictures without the agency of light or the camera4 ,an opportunity occurred in ,july to try the experiment with a lady who is not known to ,spiritualistic or occult circles--albeit she is a good medium and clairvoyant4 ,a dry plate from my packet of unused plates was placed in a mahogany slide4 ,the lady then held the slide between the palms of her hands4 ,she was under continuous and close observation in a well-lighted room1 and one end of the slide was held by myself4 ,on putting the plate in the developer1 the picture of a child appeared on it4 ,the plate was not tampered with by any one1 nor was there any opportunity given to do so1 nor was it exposed to light until after it was developed and fixed4 ,a reproduction of the picture is given herewith 7see page #ade74 ,illustration3 ,,psychic ,,picture ,,obtained ,,without ,a ,,camera4 ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses1 at a meeting of the ,london ,spiritualist ,alliance1 advised those who intended to experiment in photography to employ a stereoscopic camera4 ,he considered that the genuineness of spirit photographs so obtained could not be called in question4 ,this opinion has also been held by other investigators4 ,in ,june1 #ahib1 some spirit photographs were submitted to an eminent scientific gentleman1 together with copies of the notes1 detailing fully the conditions under which the pictures were obtained1 and giving the names and addresses of all those who were present at the experiments4 ,the opinion of the gentleman was expressed in writing as follows1 viz43--8,you have adopted all the precautions ,i can think of as being necessary4 ,the only one thing else ,i can think of is the employment of a binocular camera4 ,that is the final ,court of ,appeal1 and a spirit photograph taken by it can leave no room for cavil40 ,to those who endorse this opinion ,i may state ,i have eight photographs taken with binocular cameras1 all obtained under test conditions1 and all having abnormal figures which are perfectly stereoscopic per se1 as well as in relation to the sitters4 ,halves of two of these photographs accompany these miscellanea4#ae ,they were obtained on the #bast ,october1 #ahic1 on dry plates purchased from ,mr4 ,doublet1 and the whole of the manipulations1 so far as not done by myself1 were under my close and continuous observation4 ,illustration3 ,,part ,,of ,a ,,stereoscopic ,,pair ,,of ,,spirit ,,photograph ,,obtained ,,by ,a ,,lady ,,october #ba #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the results of ,mr4 ,taylor's investigations are a prophecy and a lesson4 ,a prophecy of the coming time when photographs of our friends1 who have passed from earth-life1 may be obtainable by the co-operation with us of spirits who desire to help us1 and who will find opportunities and conditions to enable them to do so4 ,when ,mr4 ,stead's proposal for a spiritual bureau becomes an accomplished fact1 we may hope1 and may reasonably expect1 that spirit photography will be a department of it4 ,many strange events1 which1 fifty years ago1 seemed as unlikely1 are now of frequent occurrence4 ,mr4 ,taylor's experiments are a lesson1 as well as a prophecy4 ,a lesson to the materialistic spirit of the age1 to guide by new paths to old truths4 ,the materialism of to-day is dogmatic and active2 it claims science as its handmaid1 it boasts that it has sounded the universe and found in it nothing but the material husks of existence1 that all spiritual beings are nonentities--the product of diseased brains--of superstitious minds2 its scholars have explored space from star to star and have learned that there is no ,god2 that man passes at death into cold oblivion1 into blank nothingness4 ,to use the language of its leading teachers3--8,unprejudiced philosophy is compelled to reject the idea of an individual immortality1 and of a personal continuance after death4 ,with the decay and dissolution of its material substratum1 through which alone it has acquired a conscious existence and become a person1 and upon which it was dependent1 the spirit must cease to exist60 ,again3--8,experience and daily observation teach us that the spirit perishes with its material substratum2 that man dies40 ,and3--8,there never has been1 and never will be1 a real apparition1 which could make us believe or assume that the soul of a deceased individual continues to exist3 it is dead1 never to return40 ,and once more3--8,spirits and ghosts are only seen by diseased or superstitious individuals40 ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,green1 of ,heywood 7medium71 and the same spirit form as on the preceding plate1 but in a different attitude1 and with the birds and flowers reversed4 ,stereoscopic photographs obtained ,october #ba1 #ahic4 ,undoubtedly these views are quite honestly arrived at and held by many4 ,by some through early training4 ,by some in the rebound from bigoted and ,god-dishonouring creeds4 ,by others again in painful perplexity of mind1 while trying to solve the problem of existence4 ,but a universe without a ,deity1 and man without a soul1 present little to boast of in the shape of the consolation they can bring to suffering humanity4 ,every opinion a man holds must to some extent influence his life1 and the knowledge that a man will live after death ought very considerably to affect his entire character4 ,we know there is no such thing as death1 that what we call by that name is really a birth into a higher sphere--or state of existence--an entrance into a holier and happier region1 in whose precincts 8we will be enabled through untold ages to cultivate our intellects1 perfect our moral characters1 and enjoy to the full extent of our capabilities all that is pure1 good1 true1 and godly4 8,there is no death3 what seems so is transition4 ,this life of mortal breath ,is but the suburb of the life elysian1 ,whose portal we call death40 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,spirit form4 ,part of a ,stereoscopic pair4 ,the sitter 7who does not wish his portrait to appear7 has obtained spirit photographs with his own camera and plates1 when no other medium but himself was present1 and all manipulations were done by himself4 ,some persons admit the reality of supermundane photography1 but say it is the work of the ,devil4 ,how long is this old myth--this theological superstition--to be flaunted in the face of investigators8 how long to be set as a bugbear--a 8bogey-man0--not merely to frighten naughty children1 but to scare grown men and women1 to bar mental progress1 and to stereotype from age to age distorted views of ,god1 and of spiritual law and truth8 ,some thoughts expressed by 8,imperator0 to ,mr4 ,stainton ,moses1 relating to this imaginary prince of evil1 are so excellent that no apology is required for appending a few of them3 8,cease to be perplexed by thoughts of an imagined ,devil4 ,for the honest1 pure1 and truthful soul there is no ,devil nor ,prince of ,evil such as theology has feigned4 ,evil comes not nigh him1 the adversaries flee from his presence1 and the powers of evil are powerless before him4 ,he is guarded around by angel guards1 ministered to by bright spirits1 who watch over him and direct his footsteps4 ,for him there waits a career of progressive increase in knowledge1 and in all that elevates and ennobles the intelligence4 ,he need fear no ,devil1 unless he creates one for himself4 ,his affinity for good draws around him influences for good4 ,he is fenced around by guardians2 nor can he1 save by voluntary surrender1 fall a victim to the foe40#af 99 99 99 99 99 ,in narrating his experiments1 ,mr4 ,taylor confined himself to a statement of facts2 he did not set forth the spiritualistic hypothesis1 nor did he say that any other would account for the results4 ,some members of the ,association before whom he read his paper were angry because ,spiritualists claimed the results as an argument in support of ,spiritualism4 ,but why be angry8 ,any explanation must cover the whole ground4 ,and the explanation offered by ,spiritualists is the only one which covers the whole ground4 ,after all1 the facts are only one department of the wonders of modern ,spiritualism4 ,what is the good of the latter8 is asked by those who have not come within the range of its beneficent teachings4 ,the good of it8 ,it has freed the mind from the bondage of dogma1 it has swept away the fear of death and the gloom of the grave1 it has purified the affections1 it has brought much-needed consolation in some of the hours of earth's bitterest sorrows1 it has brought us into communion with those we love and whom we are wont to call dead--given us the knowledge that they live1 and given us a reason which appeals to our personal experience that as they live in a higher state of existence1 we also shall live after the change we call death4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,photograph taken ,april #bi1 #ahib4 ,two ,stereoscopic photographs of this form were obtained with different sitters1 ,may #b1 #ahib4 ,our grandest triumphs of science are but trifles compared with what is before us to be realised in the higher life4 ,yet men and women of education and refinement can content themselves with referring the most mysterious spirit phenomena to conjuring and delusion1 and can descend to the inanity of trying to shelve the whole matter by attacking the characters of those whom they ought rather to thank--to bless as the instruments through whom the death-blow must be given to the doctrine which denies the existence of the spirit world1 and of our after-life4 ,at the ,photographic ,congress held at the ,world's ,fair1 ,judge ,bradwell1 of ,chicago1 was chairman of the opening meeting4 ,in his introductory remarks1 after summarising the work done by photographers1 he said3 8,i have no doubt there are those within the sound of my voice who will live to see the time when photographic reproductions will be sent from country to country as quickly as are telegraphic messages to-day4 ,in conclusion1 may ,i not ask1 who shall say that the camera1 adjusted by the hand that feels1 and focussed by the sensitive eye that sees beyond1 with the aid of the intensely sensitive dry plates1 shall not bring to light and view the forms of our departed friends1 and solve the problem of immortality and life80 ,,judge ,,bradwell ,,is ,,answered4 ,,the ,,veil ,,is ,,lifted4 ,,footnotes #a ,in a recent patent case the judge referred to ,mr4 ,taylor as 8the eminent witness40 #b ,published at the office of ,the ,two ,worlds1 ,corporation ,street1 ,manchester4 ,price #f;d4 #c ,reprinted from the ,british ,journal of ,photography1 ,march #agth1 #ahic4 #d ,on taking the chair1 ,mr4 ,brown said he did not know why they had chosen him to preside that evening1 unless it was because he knew nothing whatever of the subject4 #e ,this sensible proposal has been entirely set aside by subsequent insinuations of the ,association1 directed against those who were witnesses to the experiments1 and by the passing a resolution of such a character as to lead to dissension within the ,association4 #f ,see note1 page #ej4 #g ,the ,practical ,photographer4 ,monthly1 #a;d4 ,double number containing copies of ,photographic ,views1 c41 on fine plate paper1 #b;d4 ,published by ,percy ,lund ,co41 ,memorial ,hall1 ,ludgate ,circus1 ,e4,c42 also by ,l4 ,n4 ,fowler1 and by ,john ,heywood4 #h ,the ,review of ,reviews1 monthly1 #f;d4 #abe ,fleet ,street1 ,london2 ,editorial ,office1 ,mowbray ,house1 ,norfolk ,street1 ,strand1 ,w4,c4 #i ,this experiment has since been tried with a different medium1 and successful results obtained4 ,the plates used were ,ilford make1 special rapid1 and were purchased from ,mr4 ,doublet1 ,moorgate ,street4 #aj ,the ,medium and ,daybreak1 weekly1 #a;d4 ,james ,burne1 #ae ,southampton ,row1 ,w4,c4 #aa ,light1 weekly1 #b;d4 ,published at #b ,duke ,street1 ,adelphi1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 #ab ,the ,two ,worlds1 weekly #a;d41 published by ,the ,two ,worlds ,publishing ,company1 ,limited1 #gc;,a ,corporation ,street1 ,manchester4 #ac ,reprinted from the ,daily ,graphic1 ,june #bcrd1 #ahib1 by permission of the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,haweis and of the ,editor4 #ad ,published by ,james ,burns1 #ae ,southampton ,row4 #ae ,see pages #adi and #aec4 #af ,spirit ,teachings1 page #ih4