,p[d]-po/ ,beetles 9 ,build+s ,:at to ,d ,ab\t ,!m by ,r4 ,a4 ,/4 ,george & ,t4 ,mc,intyre ,,p[d]-,,po/ ,,beetles 9 ,build+s :at to d ab\t !m ,illu/ration ,leaflet ,no4 #ceh ,u4,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,p[d]-,po/ ,beetles 9 ,build+s ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,ab\t ,,!m ,p[d]-po/ beetles cause ext5sive damage to wood 9 ! /ructure ( build+s & to wood products us$ 9 homes4 ,! l>vae1 or grubs1 fe$ on ! />* or ! cellulose 9 wood4 ,z !y fe$1 !y bore irregul> tunnels ?r\gh ! wood4 ,bor+s left 9 ! tunnels h ! consi/5cy ( p[d]4 ,p[d]-po/ beetles c be controll$ by apply+ an insecticide to ! infe/$ wood4 ,h[ x is appli$ dep5ds on ! k9d ( beetle to be controll$ & on ! ext5t & location ( ! infe/ation4 ,9 "s circum/ances a spray w suffice2 9 o!rs1 fumigation is necess>y4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,common ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,names ,,( ,,insects ,,discuss$ ,s\!rn lyctus beetle ,lyctus planicollis ,common furniture beetle ,anobium punctatum ,dea?-wat* beetle ,xe/obium rufovillosum ,old h\se bor] ,hylotrupes bajulus ,r$-%\ld]$ %o?ole bor] ,xylobiops basil>is ,black-horn$ p9e bor] ,callidium ant5natum ,bamboo p[d]-po/ beetle ,d9od]us m9utus ,bamboo bor] ,*lorophorus annul>is ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,k9ds ,p[d]-po/ beetles are divid$ into five gr\ps--lyctus beetles1 anobiid beetles1 bo/ri*id beetles1 c]ambycid beetles1 & cossonid weevils4 ,lyctus beetles are r$di% to blacki%1 ab\t #a_/d in* long1 & slightly flatt5$4 ,"o common species is kn[n z ! s\!rn lyctus beetle4 ,anobiid beetles are simil> to lyctus beetles 9 color & size1 b are cyl9drical4 ,! common furniture beetle & ! dea?-wat* beetle belong 9 ?is gr\p4 ,bo/ri*id beetles are r$di%1 br[n1 or black2 !y are #a_/h to #c_/d in* long1 & cyl9drical4 ,! heads ( anobiids & bo/ri*ids are direct$ d[nw>d & are cov]$ by a hood4 ,! c]ambycids1 also kn[n z r\ndhead$ or long-horn$ beetles1 are blue1 black1 or pale yell[ to r$di% br[n1 & (t5 be> di/9ctive m>k+s on ! head or ! w+ cov]s4 ,!y are #a_/b to #a in* long1 & v>y 9 %ape4 ,! old h\se bor] belongs 9 ?is gr\p4 ,x is black1 & has grayi% m>k+s on ! w+ cov]s4 ,x is ab\t #c_/d in* long4 ,cossonid weevils are r$di% br[n or black1 #a_/h to #a_/e in* long1 & oval to cyl9drical4 ,_! heads are drawn out to =m a %ort1 broad beak4 ,cossonids are ! only weevils t infe/ wood2 o!r weevils infe/ gra9 or gr[+ crops4 ,,life ,,cycle ,! adult females lay eggs on or 9 wood4 ,! eggs hat* into l>vae1 :i* develop z !y tunnel ! wood4 ,! tunnel+ cont9ues ?r\gh\t ! l>val /age1 :i* la/s = mon?s or ye>s1 dep5d+ on ! k9d ( beetle4 ,! full-gr[n l>vae trans=m to pupae1 :i* become adult beetles4 ,! adults ( _m k9ds ( p[d]-po/ beetles bore circul> holes to ! surface ( ! wood & em]ge2 o!rs make oval holes4 ,"s em]ge 9 e>ly spr+2 o!rs1 includ+ ! old h\se bor]1 em]ge 9 e>ly summ]4 ,mat+ & egg lay+ foll[4 ,! life cycle ( lyctus beetles v>ies f #c mon?s to #a ye>1 dep5d+ on ! species & on regional diff]5ces 9 temp]ature1 moi/ure1 & availability ( wood ( high food value4 ,! life cycle ( anobiid beetles is sometimes complet$ 9 ab\t #a ye> & sometimes 9 #b ye>s4 ,mo/ ( ! bo/ri*ids & c]ambycids complete ! cycle 9 ab\t #a ye>1 b a few ( ! latt] require sev]al ye>s4 ,! old h\se bor]1 a c]ambycid1 requires #e to #g ye>s 9 ! ,nor?1 & less "t 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 all b a few mon?s ( its life cycle1 x is 9 ! l>val /age4 ,l>vae #c or #d ye>s old are (t5 f\nd 9 ! woodwork ( build+s only #a or #b ye>s old--evid5ce t /or$ lumb] is a s\rce ( infe/ation4 ,cossonid weevils complete ! cycle 9 ab\t #a ye>4 ,,egg ,,lay+ ,! females lay eggs on or 9 wood t satisfies _! egg-lay+ requirem5ts & ! food requirem5ts ( ! l>vae4 ,^! requirem5ts diff] among ! species4 ,h5ce diff]5t k9ds ( wood are infe/$ by diff]5t species ( beetles4 ,lyctus beetles infe/ h>dwoods4 ,cossonid weevils infe/ s(twoods4 ,"s anobiids1 bo/ri*ids1 & c]ambycids infe/ h>dwoods1 & "s infe/ s(twoods4 ,= "s species b>k is an egg-lay+ requirem5t2 = o!rs x is n4 ,"s anobiids infe/ moi/ wood conta9+ decay organisms1 :i* appe> to aid developm5t ( ! l>vae4 ,illu/ration3 ,adult ( ! s\!rn lyctus beetle4 ,illu/ration3 ,adult ( ! old h\se bor]4 ,illu/ration3 ,adult ( ! r$-%\ld]$ %o?ole bor]1 a bo/ri*id beetle4 ,cov]3 ,adult ( an anobiid beetle1 ,xylet9us peltatus1 & p9e sill damag$ by l>vae ( ?is beetle4 ,! porosity ( ! wood1 ! moi/ure cont5t1 ! />* or cellulose cont5t--^! also relate to egg lay+4 ,! adults ( "s species rema9 on ! wood f :i* !y em]ge1 & re9fe/ x4 ,o!rs crawl or fly to simil> wood & attack x4 ,a beetle may lay only a few eggs or z _m z #fj or #gj2 ! numb] dep5ds on ! species ( beetle & on ! condition ( ! wood4 ,infe/ations 9 ,h>dwoods ,season$ h>dwoods4--,beetles t infe/ season$ h>dwoods lay eggs on or 9 ! wood f :i* !y em]ge4 ,h5ce ! same wood may be infe/$ repeat$ly4 ,^! beetles d n require b>k = egg lay+4 ,illu/ration3 ,oak bo>d damag$ by l>vae ( ! s\!rn lyctus beetle4 ,lyctus beetles lay eggs 9 expos$ pores 9 ! sapwood ( oak1 a%1 hickory1 walnut1 pecan1 gum1 p]simmon1 maple1 *]ry1 & a few o!r h>dwood species4 ,! l>vae are f\nd 9 h>dwood floor+1 furniture1 picture frames1 & trim4 ,anobiid & c]ambycid beetles lay eggs 9 crevices on ! surface ( ! wood2 c]ambycids also lay eggs 9 em]g5ce holes4 ,bo/ri*id beetles t bore into season$ h>dwoods (t5 bore *amb]s at ! sides ( _! tunnels & lay eggs 9 !m4 ,unseason$ h>dwoods4--,bo/ri*ids t infe/ gre5 & season+ h>dwoods lay eggs 9 pores lead+ f ! entrance tunnels4 ,! r$-%\ld]$ %o?ole bor] is "o ( ^!4 ,bo/ri*ids frequ5tly attack b>k-cov]$ wood4 ,!y usually d n re9fe/ ! wood f :i* !y em]ge4 ,infe/ations 9 ,s(twoods ,season$ s(twoods4--,"s k9ds ( beetles infe/ season$ s(twood lumb] us$ 9 ! /ructure ( build+s4 ,c]ta9 ( ! bo/ri*ids require b>k = egg lay+4 ,!y infe/ lumb] t has b>k on ! edges4 ,su* lumb] is (t5 us$ 9 fram+1 subfloor+1 & ro(+4 ,! females lay eggs 9 ! b>k4 ,! l>vae ( "s species complete _! developm5t 9 x2 o!rs g to ! adjac5t wood to d s4 ,! adult females may re9fe/ ! wood f :i* !y em]ge4 ,o!r beetles t infe/ season$ s(twoods d n require b>k = egg lay+4 ,among !m are ! old h\se bor] & ! cossonid weevils4 ,! females lay eggs 9 crevices 9 ! wood4 ,!y may infe/ ! same wood repeat$ly4 ,! old h\se bor] infe/s fram+ & subfloor+4 ,x is f\nd 9 old & new con/ruction & 9 /or$ lumb]4 ,cossonid weevils are f\nd 9 p9e floor+1 basebo>ds1 wall /ops1 & ro( trusses4 ,unseason$ s(twoods4--,! beetles t infe/ gre5 & season+ s(twoods include sev]al c]ambycids--= example1 ! black-horn$ p9e bor]--& a few bo/ri*ids4 ,mo/ ( ^! beetles require b>k = egg lay+4 ,! adult females usually d n re9fe/ ! wood f :i* !y em]ge2 !y seek o!r unseason$ wood & lay eggs 9 ! b>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>va ( ! old h\se bor]4 ,enl>g$ ab\t #e4 ,infe/ations 9 ,bamboo ,c]ta9 species ( bo/ri*id1 c]ambycid1 & lyctus beetles infe/ bamboo products su* z furniture4 ,v5etian bl9ds1 draw drapes1 baskets1 fans1 & fi%+ poles4 ,plant-qu>ant9e inspectors at ,unit$ ,/ates ports ( entry (t5 int]cept ! beetles 9 bamboo products import$ f ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,among ! beetles int]cept$ are ! bamboo p[d]-po/ beetle1 a bo/ri*id1 & ! bamboo bor]1 a c]ambycid4 ,^! beetles & ! lyctus beetles may re9fe/ ! mat]ial f :i* !y em]ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9e floor joi/ damag$ by l>vae ( ! old h\se bor] ,,damage ,! increase 9 build+ activity t foll[$ ,_w ,w> ,,ii br\ght ! de/ructiv5ess ( p[d]-po/ beetles to widespread att5tion4 ,! m build+s1 ! m damage4 ,! old h\se bor] is rapidly spread+ ov] ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is f\nd m & m 9 lumb] us$ 9 new con/ruction4 ,x is becom+ "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s pe/s ( wood 9 build+s4 ,p[d]-po/ beetles damage wood by tunnel+ & by cutt+ surface holes4 ,tunnel+ is done by ! l>vae ( all k9ds ( p[d]-po/ beetles1 & by adult bo/ri*ids & cossonid weevils4 ,! l>vae ( anobiid beetles leave elongate pellets ( excret$ wood 9 _! tunnels4 ,o!r l>vae leave p[d]like bor+s4 ,sev]ely damag$ wood becomes a crumbly mass ( pellets or ( bor+s1 & sometimes has a honeycomb$ appe>ance4 ,s9ce ! insects d mo/ ( _! tunnel+ 9 sapwood1 /ructural damage is r>e 9 l>ge timb]s4 ,surface holes m> ! appe>ance ( wood4 ,^? mo/ commonly se5 are made by adult beetles :5 !y em]ge f ! wood4 ,^? made by _m ( ! small] beetles are ab\t #a_/h in* 9 diamet]4 ,!y give wood ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 hit by buck%ot1 & are call$ %o?oles4 ,l>g] beetles make holes #a_/d to #c_/h in* 9 diamet]4 ,em]g5ce holes made by ! old h\se bor] are oval4 ,! l5g?wise measurem5t is ab\t #a_/d in*4 ,! l>vae ( "s species1 includ+ ! lyctus beetles1 make holes to ! surface ( ! wood & expel bor+s ?r\gh !m4 ,! l>vae ( ! old h\se bor] seldom pi]ce ! surface2 !y pack _! bor+s beh9d !m4 ,,detection ,aside f obs]v+ tunnel$ wood1 !re are sev]al ways ( detect+ p[d]-po/ beetle damage4 ,y may see surface holes1 or bor+s t h be5 eject$ f !m4 ,! bor+s may be 9 piles ne> ! holes or1 :]e timb]s ov]head are attack$1 !y may be on ! floor bel[4 ,y may see adult beetles crawl+ on ! wood4 ,9 quiet surr\nd+s y may he> a rasp+ or tick+ s\nd t is made by tunnel+ l>vae4 ,?is is ! be/ way to detect l>vae ( ! old h\se bor]4 ,_! tick+ is sometimes audible sev]al feet f :]e !y are work+4 ,by det]m9+ ! s\rce ( ! s\nd & by prob+ ! wood ) a %>p tool1 y c locate ! tunnels4 ,a fur!r aid is to look = bli/]$ wood4 ,sometimes ! l>vae ( c]ambycid beetles c be he>d work+ b5ea? b>k on gre5 or p>tially season$ wood4 ,!y frequ5tly are f\nd 9 firewood4 ,!y resemble ! old h\se bor]1 b !y h diff]5t habits & d n infe/ season$ wood4 ,:5 ! adults em]ge1 !y seek m gre5 wood to attack4 ,if !y _c escape f ! build+1 !y die 9 a few days4 ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,consid] :e!r ! control problem is "o t y c h&le y\rself or :e!r x is "o t requires ! s]vices ( a pe/-control op]ator4 ,if y h a sev]e infe/ation1 or "o t is beh9d panel$ or pla/]$ walls1 or 9 "s o!r h>d-to-rea* place1 x may be t only an exp]i5c$ pe/-control op]ator ) ! prop] equipm5t c d a satisfactory job4 ,if ! infe/ation is light & easy to rea*1 y may be able to h&le ! control job y\rself4 ,spray+ or bru%-coat+ ! wood ) an insecticide may suffice4 ,if wood has be5 s badly damag$ t its /ructural /r5g? is impair$1 x %\ld be replac$4 ,coord9ate ! repair "w ) ! control "w4 ,spray+ or ,bru%+ ,beetles t make num]\s small holes 9 ! surface ( wood are controll$ by saturat+ ! wood ) a deodoriz$ k]os5e1 su* z deobase or ultras5e1 :i* conta9s ei!r #e p]c5t ,,ddt1 #b p]c5t *lordane1 #j4e p]c5t dieldr91 or #j4e p]c5t l9dane4 ,) #a gallon ( any ( ^! mat]ials y c treat at lea/ #ajj squ>e feet ( wood surface4 ,use no m ( ! mat]ial 9 a s+le application ?an is ne$$ to wet ! surface4 ,repeat ! application until ! wood is saturat$4 ,apply ) a g>d5 spray] or a pa9tbru%4 ,! treatm5t is also effective aga9/ infe/ations 9 furniture & o!r wood products4 ,= be/ results 9 treat+ any k9d ( mat]ial1 fir/ remove ! f9i%4 ,?is is especially desirable :5 y treat a l>ge area1 su* z a floor1 b x may n be desirable :5 y treat ornam5tal products4 ,:]e an infe/ation 9 a floor is s small t removal ( ! f9i% is undesirable1 g ahead & treat ! floor1 b d n walk on x until x has dri$4 ,! dry+ takes sev]al h\rs4 ,! old h\se bor] & o!r beetles t d n make entrance holes 9 ! surface ( ! wood c also be controll$ by surface applications ( ^! *emicals4 ,l>g] quantities mu/ be us$1 h[ev]1 especially :]e ?ick] wood is conc]n$1 su* z floor joi/s1 /uds1 & ro( raft]s4 ,= su* mat]ials1 at lea/ #a4e p9ts ( ! insecticide p] cubic foot ( wood is ne$$ to rea* ! beetle l>vae4 ,?is is equival5t to treat+ ! expos$ surfaces ( #g l9e> feet ( a #b- by #aj-;in* floor joi/1 #ab feet ( a #b- by #f-;in* ro( raft]1 #ah feet ( #b- by #d-;in* /udd+1 or #ab squ>e feet ( subfloor+4 ,ev5 ) ?is ?or\gh treatm5t1 x may take f #c weeks to #c mon?s be=e all ! l>vae are rea*$ & kill$4 ,! home[n] c be/ apply su* a quantity ( insecticide by us+ a spray] or a p9t-size pla/ic wa% bottle ( ! squeeze type1 equipp$ ) a tube t w produce a p9po9t /ream4 ,?is makes x possible to apply small en\gh quantities to cov] ! surface )\t caus+ ! liquid to run (f4 ,repeat$ applications at diff]5t times are necess>y = complete absorption by ! wood & effective p5etration4 ,a pe/-control op]ator c obta9 results quickly by inject+ ! *emical "u pressure ?r\gh boreholes spac$ at %ort int]vals 9 ! infe/$ wood4 ,sl[-,diffusion ,me?od ,:]e pressure equipm5t is n available & y want to use ! bore-hole or sl[-diffusion me?od on isolat$ infe/ations 9 wood t is readily accessible1 y c use ! foll[+ proc$ure3 #a4 ,bore a d[nslant+ hole ab\t #a_/b in* 9 diamet] & #a in* deep into ! wood ne> ! place :]e a l>va is work+4 #b4 ,ins]t a tight-fitt+ metal or glass tube 9 ! hole4 ,let ab\t #a_/d in* ( ! tube project4 #c4 ,place "o end ( a rubb] tube ov] ! project+ portion ( ! metal or glass tube1 & connect ! o!r end ) a funnel4 ,! funnel %\ld be support$ s t x w /ay 9 place until ! treatm5t has be5 complet$4 #d4 ,p\r insecticide into ! funnel4 ,use any ( ! prep>ations m5tion$ 9 ! discussion ( spray+ & bru%+4 ,leave ! equipm5t 9 place ab\t #dh h\rs1 or until ! insecticide is tak5 up4 ,! insecticide fl[s into ! infe/$ wood1 is absorb$ = a di/ance ( sev]al in*es ar\nd ! hole1 & rea*es & kills ! l>va4 ,if sev]al l>vae are work+ 9 places z mu* z #ah in*es ap>t1 individual treatm5t is ne$$4 ,fumigation ,treatm5t ( a heavy infe/ation ( p[d]-po/ beetles by spray+ or bru%+ or by ! sl[-diffusion me?od is impractical :]e ! wood is h>d to rea*2 p>ticul>ly :5 x is locat$ beh9d pla/]$ walls or cov]$ by panel+ or insulation4 ,su* an infe/ation c be controll$ by fumigation--b ?is "w mu/ be done by a lic5s$ fumigator4 ,hydrocyanic acid gas or me?yl bromide gas is us$ 9 fumigat+4 ,ea* is v poison\s1 & heavy dosages h to be us$4 ,aft] fumigation1 ! build+ mu/ be air$ to make x safe = reoccupancy4 ,! fumigat+ & ! air+ require #b to #d days4 ,fumigation me?ods ( ! home-rem$y type--su* z burn+ sulfur c&les--are ineffective because ! fumigant does n p5etrate ! infe/$ wood4 ,,precautions ,! insecticides m5tion$ 9 ?is leaflet are poison\s to p & to animals4 ,keep !m :]e *ildr5 & pets _c rea* !m4 ,d n let !m come 9 contact ) ! body4 ,:5 apply+ !m1 we> rubb] gloves1 a cellulose acetate type ( face-gu>d1 & a rubb] or lea!r apron4 ,:5 spray+ an ov]head area1 d n /& directly "u x4 ,gu>d+ aga9/ explosions4--,apply a co>se spray4 ,x is effective & safe to use4 ,a conc5trat$ f9e mi/ is ineffective & may explode 9 ! pres5ce ( a sp>k or flame4 ,d n smoke :ile spray+4 ,%ut (f pilot lights4 ,pressure4--,9 spray+1 use only en\gh pressure to wet ! surface ( ! wood4 ,too mu* pressure may cause spray to spla% onto ! body4 ,if y apply ! insecticide 9 an enclos$ place1 make sure t ! air c circulate freely4 ,keep doors & w9d[s op52 if necess>y1 use a fan4 ,! purpose is to prev5t odors f accumulat+ 9 ! build+4 ,if y treat a floor t has a f9i%$ ceil+ "u x--= example1 ! floor ( a second-/ory room--avoid apply+ too mu* mat]ial4 ,if y d1 x may run ?r\gh to ! ceil+ & cause a /a94 ,removal ( ! floor f9i% be=e apply+ ! insecticide makes x unnecess>y to apply a l>ge am\nt2 ! wood absorbs mo/ ( x4 ,if y apply ! oil solution to p>quet floor+1 d x v lightly4 ,if y apply too mu*1 ! oil may dissolve ! asphalt 9 :i* ! floor+ is set4 ,! dissolv$ asphalt may /a9 ! floor4 ,ar\nd ! edges ( ! floor1 x may creep up & damage ! walls4 ,if y h appli$ insecticide ) a g>d5 spray]1 r9se out ! tank & hose be=e putt+ ! spray] away4 ,?is prev5ts ! gaskets f %rivel+ & keeps oil f gett+ on plants ! next "t ! spray] is us$ 9 ! g>d54 ,food cab9ets4--,9 treat+ a food cab9et1 d n use an insecticide because x might contam9ate food4 ,use deodoriz$ k]os5e alone4 ,x has little odor & evaporates quickly4 ,take ! cab9et outdoors to treat x1 & leave x !re until ! k]os5e odor disappe>s4 ,fumigation4--,! fact t fumigation "w mu/ be done by a lic5s$ op]ator is /at$ on page #g4 ,only isolat$ build+s c be safely fumigat$4 ,if an ap>tm5t1 a r[ h\se1 or "p ( a duplex 7 fumigat$1 ! gas might p5etrate walls & kill p]sons 9 an adjo9+ unit4 ,me?yl bromide gas is odorless1 b 9 ! pres5ce ( articles hav+ a high sulfur cont5t1 or conta9+ animal matt]1 sponge rubb]1 or iodiz$ salt1 a *emical *ange takes place & a g>liclike odor is apt to be giv5 (f lat]4 ,be=e ?is gas is us$1 see :e!r su* articles are 9 ! build+2 if !y are1 remove !m4 ,?is ne$ n be done if hydrocyanic acid gas is us$4 ,h[ev]1 hydrocyanic acid gas t>ni%es silv] & spoils unexpos$ photographic film2 be=e x is us$1 remove silv] & film4 ,prep>$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,/4 ,george & ,t4 ,mc,intyre1 entomologi/s1 ,division ( ,=e/ insect ,rese>*1 ,=e/ ,s]vice ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,revis$ ,novemb] #aiei ,u4,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aiei ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,wa%+ton #be1 ,d4,c4 - ,price #e c5ts ,transcrib] ,note ,illu/rations mov$ to prev5t splitt+ p>agraphs4