,illu/ration3    ,,new ,,sy/em   ,,(    
,,sword   ,,ex]cise        ,a ,,new     
,,sy/em   ,,(   ,,sword ,,ex]cise ,,=   
,,infantry4     ,,by   ,,ri*>d ,f4      
,,burton1    ,,au?or ,,( #8,a ,,sy/em   
,,( ,,bayonet ,,ex]cise' 7#ahec74       
,,london3   ,,pr9t$ ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,by  
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 #ac1 ,,*>+
 ,,cross4   #ahgf4       ,,^! ,,pages   
,,are ,,d$icat$ 7,,) ,,p]mission7   ,,to
   ,8 ,royal ,highness ,field-,m>%al !  
,duke ( ,cambridge1                     
,,comm&]-,,9-,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,army1     
,,etc41 ,,etc41 ,,etc41   ,,:o ,,has    
,,graci\sly ,,enc\rag$ ,,?is ,,attempt  
,,to ,,ext5d   ,,! #8,,infantry ,,sword 
,,ex]cise1'   ,,by   ,,8 ,,royal        
,,highness',s   ,,mo/ ,,humble ,,&      
,,devot$ ,,s]vant1    ,,! ,,au?or4      
,,cont5ts4                              
,,page   ,introductory ,rem>ks          
#aa    ,sect4 ,i4 ,prep>atory           
,in/ruction )\t ! ,sword      #bj       
,,ii4 ,prep>atory ,in/ruction ) ! ,sword
         #bf        ,,iii4 ,! ,man*ette1

 or ,=e-arm ,play                #de    
,conclusion                             
#ef    ,app5dix 7,note on ,sabre h&les7 
#eg  ,illu/ration     ,a ,,new ,,sword  
,,ex]cise ,,= ,,infantry4               
,,introductory ,,rem>ks4   ,be=e proce$+
 to develop my ,new ,sword ,ex]cise =   
,infantry1 ,i w\ld (f] a few rem>ks ^u !
 *anges propos$ 9 ^! pages4 ,:il/ ! la/ 
half c5tury has witness$ an imm5se      
improvem5t 9 ! projectile weapons ( !   
civiliz$ _w1 ! !ory & practice ( ! sabre
 or cutt+ arm h rema9$ 9 /atu quo ante2 
inde$1 if !re has be5 any *ange x is = !
 worse4 ,! two sy/ems au?oriz$ 9 !      
,briti% army are completely beh9d _! "t4
 ,fir/ & s5ior is ! #8,infantry ,sword  
,ex]cise' 7) plates73 ,revis$ ,edition1 
,adjutant-,g5]al's ,(fice1 ,horse       
,gu>ds4 ,london3 ,pr9t$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce
 ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice3 #ahgd4 ,!   
second is ! #8,in/ructions = ! ,sword1  
c4 7)\t plates71 = ! use ( ,cavalry4'   
,adjutant-,g5]al's ,(fice1 ,horse       
,gu>ds4 ,june1 #ahga4  ,! latt] c be    

despat*$ v briefly4 ,despite ! late     
date1 x is z obsolete z ! old] sy/em2 x 
is1 9 fact1 only ! #8,infantry ,ex]cise'
 ) ! addition ( 8pursu+ practice10 &    
8po/ practice0--! latt] ^u a sort (     
mod]n ,qu9ta9 n made to revolve4 ,s f>1 
s good4 ,! practis$ swordsman has little
 to le>n :5 m\nt$1 except ! few         
modifications :i* he c tea* himself4 ,8 
real /udy is on foot4 ,b "s ( ! rem>ks  
appe> n to h be5 writt5 by a practical  
h&4 ,= in/ance1 we read 7p4 #bg73 8,9   
deliv]+ a =w>d ?ru/1 v little =ce is    
necess>y :5 ! horse is 9 quick motion1 z
 ! ext5sion ( ! arm1 ) a good direction 
( ! po9t1 w be fully suffici5t40 8,fully
 suffici5t0--,i %\ld ?9k s6 ,! recruit  
mu/ be c>efully & s$ul\sly taught :5    
meet+ ! enemy1 ev5 at a trot or cant]1  
to use no =ce :atev]1 o!rwise 8 sword w 
bury itself to ! hilt1 & ! swordsman w  
ei!r be dragg$ f 8 horse1 or w be       
compell$ to drop 8 weapon--if he c4 ,^u 
?is po9t ,i may quote my own #8,sy/em ( 
,bayonet ,ex]cise' 7p4 #bg73--  8,!     

in/ructor mu/ sp>e no pa9s 9 prev5t+ !  
soldi] f us+ =ce1 especially ) ! left or
 guid+ arm1 z too mu* ex]tion g5]ally   
causes ! ?ru/ to miss4 ,a trifl+        
body-/ab ) ! bayonet 7,i may add ) !    
sword7 is suffici5t to disable a man2 & 
_m a promis+ "y soldi] has lo/ 8 life by
 bury+ 8 weapon s deep 9 ! enemy's brea/
 t x c\ld n be )drawn quickly en\gh to  
be us$ aga9/ a second assailant4 ,to    
prev5t ?is happ5+1 ! po9t mu/ be deliv]$
 sm>tly1 ) b little ex]tion ( =ce1 m l a
 d>t ?an a ?ru/1 & in/antly aft]w>ds !  
bayonet mu/ be z sm>tly )drawn40 ,9 fact
 ! ?ru/ %\ld consi/ ( two movem5ts      
execut$ z ne>ly simultane\sly z         
possible2 & x requires long habit1 z !  
natural man1 especially ! ,engli%man1 is
 apt to pu% home1 & to dwell ^u 8 sl\*+ 
pu%4  ,! #8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise' is
 n\ght b a sn>e & a delusion4 ,except 9 
pag9ation1 x is ! same z ! 8,revis$     
,edition0 ( #ahde--! only diff]5ce or   
revision t ,i c detect is ! omission ( a
 %ort s5t5ce 9 p4 #bf ( ! old] issue2 x 

ev5 reta9s ! ,g5]al ,ord] ( ,"l ,hill1  
#bcrd ,april1 #ahdb4 ,?us 8,revision0 is
 conf9$ to ! plates4 ,9 #ahde ! figures 
we> ! milk-pail %ako wid5+ at ! top1 !  
frock coat & ! scales2 ! la/ edition1   
dat$ ,april1 #ahgd1 dons ! tall mod]n   
*imney-pot1 ! tightly button$ tunic )   
/iff coll> &1 l its pr$ecessor1 ! sa% & 
! scabb>d4 ,x is no wond] t ! figures   
display an exce$+ gne1 ! /iffness (     
pok]s1 z ! phrase is3 "h we might )     
pr(it borr[ f ! ,fr5* or ,italian arti/4
  ,i am oppos$ to almo/ e page ( ?is    
unhappy bro*ure1 especially to ! 8,sev5 
,cuts & ,gu>ds0 ( ! t>get2 to ! %ape ( !
 t>get--,i nev] yet saw a man absolutely
 circul>2 to ! grip ( ! sword2 to !     
position 9 gu>d2 to ! ,gu>ds or ,p>ades1
 especially ! inside engag+ gu>d        
7,c>te72 to ! ,lunge2 to ! angle ( !    
feet1 & to ! sy/em ( 8loose practice40  
,! 8,cuts0 w be notic$ 9 a future page4 
,( ! grip ,i may rem>k t ! "o ess5tial1 
! position ( ! ?umb1 bo? 9 attacks &    
p>ries is1 z a rule1 neglect$ by !      

#8,sword ,ex]cise4'#a ,z e>ly z #ahbh1  
,mll] made 8 po9t d'appui a grasp ( !   
h&le ) ! f\r f+]s1 ! ?umb be+ /ret*$    
along ! back1 9 ord] to direct ! edge1 &
 to avoid ! possibility ( /rik+ ) !     
8flat40 ,! only exception to ?is        
univ]sal law is :5 do+ ! 8,m\l9et0      
movem5ts1 :i* w be expla9$ f>!r on4 ,"s 
pr(essors1 bo? ) broadsword &           
small-sword1 w\ld /ret* ! index1 :5     
po9t+1 along ! "r ( ! h&le4 ,i h object$
 to ?is practice 9 ! rapi] & ! foil3    
except :5 done to *ange position =      
relief1 x s]ves m]ely to fatigue ! wri/4
 ,b ! prop] use ( ! ?umb1 8le p\ce      
allong sur le dos de la poigne10 :i* is 
tr\blesome at fir/1 & :i* dem&s "s /udy1
 especially f ^? :o h acquir$ bad       
habits1 is ! base ( all sup]ior         
8c\nt]po9t40#b  ,! position on gu>d is a
 debat$ po9t4 ,_m1 inde$ ,i may say mo/1
 ( ! mod]ns foll[ ! rule ( all ! old]   
swordsm51 namely1 repos+ two-?irds ( !  
body-weight 7z 9 p4 #ai ( ! #8,ex]cise1'
 :i*1 h[ev]1 is an exagg]ation7 ^u !    

left leg4 ,! reasons usually giv5 are t 
9 ?is position ! p]son is n s mu*       
expos$2 moreov]1 t ! c5tre ( gravity be+
 ?r[n back adds spr+ & impetus to !     
,lunge4 ,we may rememb] h[ ,cordelois   
7#ahfb7 made a /ep t[>ds *ange 9 8      
f5c+-s*ools at ,p>is4 ,my objection to !
 old /yle is t ! f>!r y are f y\r       
oppon5t1 ! long] & sl[] w be y\r attack2
 moreov]1 ,i h ev] f\nd1 9 p]sonal      
practice1 t x is easi] & m conv5i5t to  
8sit on gu>d0 ) ! weight equally        
di/ribut$ on bo? haun*es & legs4 ,9     
fact1 t ! backw>d position is n natural 
any pair ( ?ighs c asc]ta9 = itself aft]
 try+ x = five m9utes3 :il/ ! muscles ( 
! "r or =w>d limb are relax$ z mu* z    
possible1 ^? ( ! left are tight /rung1 s
 z to d d\ble "w & ?reat5 cramp4 ,?is   
s+le objection is s]i\s en\gh to        
c\nt]balance any o!r claims to          
sup]iority4  ,illu/ration3 ,fir/ ,gu>d4 
7,prime47  78,:at to avoid407  ,aga91   
!re is no excuse = ! gu>ds 9 !          
#8,ex]cise4' ,! 8,hang+ gu>d0 7p4 #ah1 9

 ! old] issue p4 #ba7 is ! wor/ t c be  
imag9$--a pa9ful spectacle1 a lesson (  
8:at to avoid40 ,! head ignobly c[]s1 & 
! eyes look up1 9 a =c$ & we>y+         
position1 :5 ! =m] %\ld be held upright1
 & ! glance %\ld be naturally fix$ ^u ! 
oppon5t's eye & blade-po9t2 ! body is   
b5t s z to lose our national advantage (
 height & /r5g?1 & ! "r =e-arm 9 su* a  
position is1 & ev] mu/ be1 clean        
uncov]$4 ,let ! recruit1 h[ev] /rong may
 be 8 haun*es1 /& a few m9utes 9 ?is    
8,hang+ gu>d10 & he w soon feel by 8    
fatigue h[ /range1 awkw>d1 & /ra9$ x is4
 ,! ,c>te or inside ,engag+ ,gu>d 7pp4  
#ai1 #bb71 aga91 endang]s ! =e-arm4 ,!  
,ti]ce or outside ,engag+ ,gu>d 7pp4    
#bj1 #bc7 holds ! h& too l[1 & unduly   
%ort5s ! arm1 ?us (f]+ an undesirable   
am\nt ( exposure2 x is 9 fact n a ,gu>d1
 b a bad p>ry 9 8l[ ,ti]ce40 ,worse /ill
 is ! ,lunge 7pp4 #ad1 #ag73 "h ! body  
is plac$ bolt upright1 in/ead ( be+     
easily b5t1 )\t exagg]ation1 to ! =e1   
prolong+1 z e man in/9ctively w\ld d at 

8 fir/ attempt1 ! l9e ( ! left leg4 ,!  
=m] position is n only fatigu+ & 8aga9/ 
! gra920 also %ort5s ! rea* & c>efully  
places ! oppon5t safely out ( measure4  
,_m swordsm5 /ill cont5d = ! /iffly     
upright position 9 ,lunge3#c ,i am      
dispos$ to consid] x a m]e survival ( ! 
classical & artificial ,fr5* s*ool (    
arms1 :i* aim$ at oppos+ nature z       
s$ul\sly z ! ,italian1 :o always leans  
to ! =e1 attempt$ to foll[ h] dictates4 
,moreov]1 _! argum5ts are f\nd$ ^u !    
abuse1 n ! use1 ( ! incl9$ pose :i* !   
body naturally assumes4 ,9 tea*+ !      
recruit x is well to see t he does n    
fall into ! dang]\s habit ( ?r[+ ! *e/  
=w>d 7poitr9]7 to meet 8 oppon5t's po9t2
 b ! tru? ( muscul> motion mu/ be       
consult$4  ,f9ally1 ,i w\ld note !      
mi/ake ( 8loose practice0 ) ! s+le-/ick 
in/ead ( ! sabre2 x probably arose f a  
mi/ak5 economy 9 sav+ swords & padd+s4  
,s+le-/ick is a diff]5t weapon1 a cane  
or light cudgel ) a basket-hilt cov]+ ! 
back ( ! h&1 l ! imp]fect gu>d ( !      

,highl& ,clay-m2 x is /raight1 n curv$1 
&1 z ! rod has no edges1 s 9 practice e 
bl[ equally repres5ts a cut4 ,s+le-/ick 
has m]its ( its own1 b its practice is  
fatal to excell5ce ) ! broadsword1 & ev5
 ! #8,ex]cise' seems to recognize !     
fact1 = ! gu9ds figures are arm$ )      
(fic]s' ,regulation swords4             
,illu/ration3 ,inside ,gu>d--7,c>te74   
7,weight all ?r[n back47  ,bo? #8,sword 
,ex]cises' c>efully avoid nam+ 8,ti]ce0 
& 8,c>te20 pref]r+ 8"r0 & 8left0 7( !   
,sword7 or 8outside0 & 8inside10 z if   
su* my/]ies 7 too high or too deep = our
 national intellig5ce4 ,i w\ld aga9     
quote a few l9es f my #8,sy/em (        
,bayonet ,ex]cise' 7,introductory       
,rem>ks1 pp4 #h1 #i73--  8,b :y1 x may  
be ask$1 %\ld ! ,engli% soldi] be det]r$
 by difficulties :i* e ,fr5* voltigeur c
 ma/]8 ,we admire ! intellig5ce ( our   
neighb\rs 9 milit>y matt]s3 we rem>k t  
!y are born soldi]s1 & t _! m5 le>n z   
mu* 9 f\r mon?s z ours d 9 six4 ,is n   
?is1 h[ev]1 p>tly our own fault8 ,9 my  

humble op9ion we mi/ake ! cause ( _!    
quickness1 attribut+ to nature ! effect 
( art4 ,:5 our sy/em ( drill is ?or\ghly
 effici5t2 :5 ! ,manual & ,platoon is   
mu* simplifi$1 :5 a salle d'armes is    
e/abli%$ 9 e corps1 & :5 ! bayonet      
ex]cise becomes a recogniz$ bran* (     
in/ruction2 !n1 ,i believe1 we %all f9d 
our soldi]s equal 9 intellig5ce to any  
o!rs40 ,^! words 7 writt5 9 #ahec2 9    
#ahge ,i add1 8,:5 we enli/ ! "r k9d (  
recruit ei!r by improv+ 8 condition & 8 
prospects1 n 8 pay1 or bett]1 f> bett]1 
by secur+ a sup]ior man ?r\gh !         
conscription ( mod]n ,europe40 ,we      
,britons are no long] physically divid$ 
f ! total orb2 nor c we af=d to rema9   
morally insulat$ & isolat$4 ,! logical  
effect ( union ) ! out] _w w be to make 
u d z ! _w does1 & all our exceptional  
in/itutions1 su* z ! sy/em ( volunte]   
recruit+1 mu/ soon] or lat] g by ! bo>d4
  ,illu/ration3 ,outside                
,gu>d--7,ti]ce74  7,a ,p>ry n a ,gu>d47 
,nor is ! mo/ mod]n ,fr5* ,treatise 7pp4

 #bbi-bef1 ,manuel de ,gymna/ique et    
d',escrime1 (ficially publi%$ by !      
,m9i/re de la ,m>9e et des ,colonies2   
,p>is1 ,duma9e1 #ahge7 8,escrime au     
,sabre0 mu* sup]ior to our home gr[?4 ,!
 position ( ! left h& 7pp4 #bcb1 #bcc7  
is bad ?r\gh\t3 x mu/ slip dur+ ! ,lunge
 & make ! play loose4 ,! retreat ( !    
left leg 7,fig4 #e1 p4 #bce7 is c>ri$ to
 an extreme ( caution4 ,! body is always
 p]p5dicul> 9 ! ,lunge1 :]eas ! same    
volume %[s 7,fig4 #af1 p4 #bj7 ! trunk  
naturally incl9+ =w>ds4 ,! ,cuts are n  
d\ble nor cont9u\s1 z !y %\ld be4 ,!    
8,hang+ ,gu>ds0 7pp4 #bdj1 #bdd1 #bde7  
are deplorable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,manuel 
7p4 #bca7 places ! ?umb along1 n ar\nd1 
! h&le2 ! m\l9ets1 ! enlevs1 & ! briss  
7pres5tly to be expla9$7 are good /uff1 
&1 moreov]1 !y are appli$ to ! ,cuts 7p4
 #bci74 ,f9ally1 no?+ c be bett] ?an !  
advice 7p4 #bdi71 8,aprs avoir t\*1     
retir] vivem5t le sabre en arrire en lui
 imprimant une direction oblique dans le
 s5s du tran*ant1 de manire  sci]40  ,( 

! po9ts or ?ru/s ) broadsword no?+ w "h 
be said3 !y belong to ano!r ord] ( ?+s1 
& !y %\ld be /udi$ 9 ! f5c+ s*ool4#d ,b 
! soldi] mu/ be taught t if 8 adv]s>y   
attempt a ?ru/1 ! broadsword is easily  
dis>m$4 ,:5 ! oppon5t comes to !        
position ( po9t+1 t is1 ext5ds 8 blade1 
a %>p glissade along its l5g? w make !  
grip fly out ( 8 grasp4 ,ano!r way (    
emb>rass+ ! attack is to cut "r & left  
at ! h&1 ! wri/1 or ! =e-arm1 :5 !      
adv]s>y beg9s to pres5t po9t4  ,g5]al   
,lamoricire 0 a firm believ]1 z we all  
are1 9 ! ?ru/1 & ! ,fr5* ,sword ,ex]cise
 = ,cavalry 7p4 #agh ,rglem5t           
,provisoire sur les ,ex]cises de la     
,caval]ie1 (ficially publi%$ at !       
,m9i/re de la ,gu]re2 ,p>is1 ,duma9e1   
#ahgc7 ju/ly rem>ks3 8,les c\ps de po9te
 doiv5t t\j\rs tre employs de prfr5ce1  
comme exigeant mo9s de =ce et ayant un  
rsultat plus prompt1 plus c]ta9 et plus 
dcisif40 ,! reason ( its confess$       
sup]iority to ! ,cut is z old z ! axiom1
 8a /raight l9e is ! %orte/ way betwe5  

two po9ts40 ,! ,?ru/ describes a        
diamet]1 ! ,cut1 a segm5t1 ( a circle &1
 ) equal velocity1 ! ,cut w trav]se a   
di/ance occupy+ "s two-?irds m ( "t ?an 
! ,?ru/4 ,! ,fr5* tactician !re=e       
propos$ to aboli% ! use ( ! edge =      
cavalry1 ?us trav]s+ ! in/9ct ( !       
man-at-arms :o1 especially on horseback1
 loves to sla% at 8 enemy1 & :o runs f> 
less risk ( entangl+ 8 blade4 ,b he (   
c\rse advocat$ a /raight & tap]+ sword )
 no edge to speak (2 inde$ ! cuirassi]'s
 latte is /ill a k9d ( rapi]1 b x is    
r5d]$ useless by prodigi\s l5g? & by !  
weight ( ! h&le4 ,! mod]n ,italian      
,s*ool ( ,sabre uses1 especially 9 s+le 
combat1 all ! dgagem5ts ( ! salle       
d'armes3 ?is is ?or\ghly illogical2 !   
weapon is *os5 because x is suppos$ to  
be less fatal ?an foil or rapi]1 & yet x
 is s us$ z to become ev5 m deadly4 ,i  
ne$ h>dly say t ! weight & %ape ( !     
broadsword1 toge!r ) ! positions ( gu>d1
 r5d] po9t+ ) x awkw>d 9 ! extreme4#e   
,i h n[ f9i%$ ) ! ungrateful task (     

criticiz+1 & ,i proce$ to propose a     
sy/em :i* x is hop$ w be z sev]ely      
criticiz$ by o!rs4 ,x is only c&id to   
/ate t its pret5sions are high1 t x     
conta9s two di/9ct novelties1 !         
,man*ette ,sy/em & ! ,rev]se or         
,back-cut2 &1 f9ally1 t x aspires to be 
! fir/ ,treatise 9 :i* ! broadsword is  
sci5tifically tak5 9 h&4     ,,section  
,i4  ,,prep>atory ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,!
 ,,sword4    #a4 ,prelim9>y4  ,no?+ w "h
 be said conc]n+ ! 8goose /ep ( !       
sword10 ! 8,balance ,motions10 & !      
8,ext5sion ,motions10 ( ! (ficial       
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise4' ,!y are   
ess5tially a "p ( #8,squad & ,sett+-up  
,drill1' & z su* !y h be5 treat$ 9      
sev]al good manuals1 especially by      
,s]jeant-,major ,s4 ,b]tram ,br[n3 ,a   
#8,practical ,guide to ,squad &         
,sett+-up ,drill1 9 accordance ) !      
,pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ,"p ,i41 ,field   
,ex]cise ( ! ,army4' ,adapt$ = ! use (  
,recruits1 ,rifle ,volunte]s1 ,militia1 
,police ,=ce1 ,s*ools1 & ,families3     

,illu/rat$ ) sixty-eight figures1       
repres5t+ ea* ,/ick & ,club ,ex]cise1   
,ext5sion ,motions1 & ,sword ,ex]cise   
,positions4 ,london3 ,all5 & ,co41      
#ahga4 #bnd ,edition4#f ,consid]$ 9 a   
wid] s5se !y belong to ! ,bran* (       
,sci5ce s ?or\ghly develop$ 9 #8,a      
,milit>y ,sy/em ( ,gymna/ic ,ex]cises = 
! ,use ( ,in/ructors3 ,adjutant-,g5]al's
 ,(fice1 ,horse ,gu>ds1 #ahfb2 ,physical
 ,education1' ,cl>5don ,press ,s]ies1   
,ox=d1 #ahfi2 & 9 #8,tra9+ 9 ,!ory &    
,practice' 7,london1 ,macmillan1 #ahgd71
 by ,ar*ibald ,mac,laren1#g ^: excell5t 
code = ! army1 & ^: influ5ce )          
successive w> m9i/]s1 z "s "o truly     
said1 h aid$ l>gely 9 introduc+ t       
admirable tra9+ :i* is trans=m+ ! /iff1 
sl[-mov+ gr5adi] ( pa/ times into !     
vigor\s1 rapid1 & endur+ soldi] ( !     
pres5t day4  ,squad drill is n likely to
 make a good swordsman1 yet economy ( "t
 r5d]s x a necessity4 ,x mu/ be practis$
 fir/ )\t1 !n )1 weapons1 aft] :i* ^? :o
 %[ unusual capabilities %\ld be tak5   

individually 9 h& by ! ma/]4 ,! late/   
,fr5* sy/em 7,manuel1 etc47 divides !   
f\r lessons into two degrees3 #a4       
,prep>atory ,movem5ts2 m\l9ets & simple 
attacks & p>ries4 #b4 ,comp\nd attacks &
 p>ries4  ,! =mation ( ! squad is 9 !   
usual l9e1 ) op5 ord] at arm's l5g? f ! 
"r or left4 ,! m5 are !n taught ! ?ree  
positions z foll[s3--  ,illu/ration3    
,fir/ ,position4      ,second ,position4
     ,?ird ,position4    ,9 two         
movem5ts4    ,9 two movem5ts4    ,9 two 
movem5ts4     #b4 ,fir/ ,position 9 ,two
 ,motions4  ,"o4--,place ! h&s sm>tly   
beh9d ! back1 ! left grasp+ ! "r arm j  
above ! elb[1 & ! "r simil>ly support+ !
 left elb[4  ,two4--,make a half-face "r
 by pivot+ sm>tly on bo? heels1 :i* mu/ 
be kept close toge!r2 ! feet at "r      
angles2 ! left po9t+ to ! front1 ! face 
look+ t[>ds ! oppon5t1 or ! "r-h& man1 &
 ! weight ( ! body balanc$ equally ^u   
bo? haun*es & legs4   ,second ,position 
9 ,two ,motions 7,gu>d74  ,"o4--,b5d !  
knees gradually till !y are p]p5dicul>  

to ! in/ep1 keep+ ! head & body erect1 &
 bo? feet firm on ! gr\nd4 ,! in/ructor 
mu/ be c>eful t ! knees d n incl9e      
inw>ds--a g5]al fault4  ,two4--,advance 
! "r foot sm>tly ab\t #bj in*es 9 front 
( & 9 l9e ) ! "r heel1 & re/ ! :ole     
weight ( ! body ^u bo? haun*es & legs4#h
  ,9 ! second position1 t ( ,gu>d = !   
feet1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! left foot     
rema9s firm on ! gr\nd1 )\t %uffl+ or   
turn+ inw>ds or outw>ds4 ,_m swordsm5   
f9d a bett] balance :5 ! "r heel is on a
 l9e ) ! holl[ ( ! left foot4   ,?ird   
,position 9 ,two ,motions 7f ,gu>d to   
,lunge74  ,"o4--,advance ! body slightly
 =w>d1 & br+ ! "r %\ld] & knee          
p]p5dicul> to ! po9t ( ! "r foot4       
,two4--,advance ! "r foot sm>tly1 ab\t  
#bj in*es1 or d\ble ! di/ance ( ,no4 #b1
 ,second ,position 7,gu>d71 tak+ c>e t !
 foot does n ov]hang ! in/ep2 ext5d !   
left leg ) a spr+1 ! left foot rema9+   
true & firm1 & ! left knee p]fectly     
/raight2 let ! %\ld]s exp& & ! body be  
pr(il$ & slightly incl9$ =w>ds1 or t[>ds

 ! oppon5t4  ,?is is ! position ( ! legs
 9 ! ,lunge1 & ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5
 to prev5t ! recruit le>n+ x 9 a        
c>eless1 %uffl+ way4 ,above all ?+s he  
mu/ accu/om himself to sep>ate ! action 
into its two compos+ p>ts1 o!rwise ! l[]
 limbs w (t5 take prec$5ce ( ! upp]     
7%\ld]1 arm1 & h&71 & ! ,lunge become   
worse ?an useless4 ,:5 recov]+ gu>d !   
contr>y is ! case2 ! left knee mu/ be   
b5t be=e ! "r foot is mov$1 & ! latt]   
%\ld ex]t a slight pressure on ! gr\nd2 
at ! same "t ! body mu/ be drawn        
backw>ds1 n j]k$ upw>ds4  ,^! measures (
 ,gu>d 7#bj in*es7 & ( ,lunge 7#dj      
in*es7 are be/ fitt$ = av]age-siz$ m52 9
 exceptional cases !y mu/ be %ort5$ or  
l5g!n$ accord+ to ! /ature & /ride ( !  
recruit4 ,! rule = gu>d is ! measure (  
two foot-l5g?s2 ! ,lunge d\bles t span2 
& ! lea/ vigor\s m5 require ! greate/   
di/ances4  ,^! movem5ts mu/ be le>n$1   
fir/ 9 sl[1 & aft]w>ds 9 quick & 9      
d\ble-quick1 "t2 ! same may be said (   
all practice ) & )\t ! sword4 ,squad    

att5tion6 & ,/& at ,ease6 ne$ h>dly be  
expla9$4 ,! recruits' muscles soon      
become fatigu$ by ! unusual & monoton\s 
ex]cise1 caus+ !m to rema9 too long 9 "o
 position2 ! easie/ way to relieve !m is
 to *ange front1 mak+ ! left leg /& on  
gu>d & lunge1 z a left-h&$ f5c] w\ld d4 
,?is d\ble practice is z useful &       
recomm5dable 9 f5c+ & broadsword play z 
9 bayonet ex]cise3 x gives additional   
balance to ! body1 x equalizes ! muscul>
 /r5g? ( bo? sides1 & x makes ! soldi]  
feel t if 8 "r arm be disabl$ he c /ill 
dep5d ^u 8 left4  ,! ^w ,/eady mu/ n be 
us$ z a comm&3 x %\ld be a caution giv5 
at ! completion ( any "p ( a practice ) 
! view ( correct+ faults4    #c4        
,attack+1 ,advanc+1 & ,retir+4  ,s+le   
,attack4--,raise ! "r foot well (f !    
gr\nd & beat sm>tly ) ! :ole sole1 !    
greate/ =ce be+ ^u ! ball ( ! foot1 & ! 
lea/ ^u ! heel4  ,d\ble ,attack4--,!    
same movem5t made twice4 ,! in/ructor   
%\ld c>efully avoid ! directions ( !    
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise1'--fir/ ) ! 

heel1 !n ) ! flat ( ! foot4 ,no?+ j>s ! 
leg m ?an ?is use ( ! heel2 x is a bad  
habit to use x = any?+ b 8pivot+40      
,advance4--,sm>tly advance ! "r foot    
ab\t six in*es & br+ up ! left z ne>ly z
 possible to ! same di/ance4 ,! soles   
mu/ j cle> ! gr\nd1 & ! toes be kept on 
a /raight l9e ) ! knee1 & nev] turn$    
inside or outside4 ,neglect ( ! latt]   
precaution leads to a loose1 un/eady1 & 
slov5ly /yle :i*1 easily le>nt1 is h>dly
 to be unle>nt4  ,s+le ,attack4--,z     
be=e4  ,retire4--,move ! left foot      
lightly to ! re> ab\t six in*es1 & let !
 "r foot foll[ x4 ,recruits are         
uncommonly apt to 8/ep %ort10 & ?is c be
 rem$i$ only by mak+ !m retire =        
consid]able di/ances4 ,! weight &       
balance ( ! body mu/ be equally         
di/ribut$ on bo? haun*es & legs1 n re/+ 
^u ! left1 :i* c s]ve only to give      
cramp4  ,d\ble ,attack4--,z be=e4       
,front4--,resume ! position (           
8,att5tion40     ,,section ,,ii4        
,,prep>atory ,,in/ruction ,,) ,,!       

,,sword4    #a4 ,explanation & ,use ( ! 
,t>get4  ,! ,t>get prefix$ to ^! pages  
expla9s itself4 ,! %ape is oblong1 !    
frame measur+ #f feet by #c1 & ! figure 
#e feet #h in*es by #a foot4 ,z ! latt] 
repres5ts ! oppon5t1 ! c5tre %\ld be    
ab\t #d feet f ! gr\nd1 ! height ( !    
recruit's brea/4 ,p]p5dicul> to ! foot (
 ! figure 9 ea* ,t>get a horizontal l9e 
is drawn1 =m+ = ! feet1 ! legs1 ! body1 
& ! arms1 ! 8direct+ l9e0 ( ! sci5tific 
s*ools4 ,at a di/ance ( #aj feet !      
recruit is plac$ 9 ! position (         
8,att5tion10 ) 8 left heel on ! l9e1 s t
 at ! comm& 8,fir/ ,position0 8 "r foot 
may cov] x4  ,! p>allelogram %[s !      
direction & ! numb]+ ( ! ,cuts1 conc]n+ 
:i* fur!r details w pres5tly be giv54   
,!y %\ld be regulat$ accord+ to ! l9es  
describ$ ^u ! ,t>get2 nor %\ld ! recruit
 be practis$ 9 any o!r mode until he has
 ga9$ ! prop] direction ( ! blade4      
,no?+ ne$ be add$ to ! directions ( !   
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise' 7pp4 #ab1  
#ac1 #ad71 z reg>ds ! movem5ts subject  

to ! foll[+ words ( comm&3 mu*1 on ! o!r
 h&1 ) great advantage1 might be tak5   
away1 & ! result w\ld be ! increas$     
effici5cy t results f simplicity4  ,draw
 ,swords 7%\ld be mu* abridg$2 aft] !   
mod]n ,fr5* ,s*ool1 pp4 #afe1 #aff3     
,rglem5t ,provisoire1 c472  ,slope      
,swords2  ,return ,swords 7%\ld be      
simplifi$72  ,/& at ,ease2  ,att5tion2  
,prep>e = ,sword ,ex]cise2  ,"r prove   
,di/ance2  ,slope ,swords2  ,front prove
 ,di/ance2 &  ,slope ,swords4  ,at !    
ord]1 ,/& on ,gu>d1 ! recruit hav+      
assum$ ! ,second ,position1 ,no4 #b1    
falls on ,gu>d3 ! pommel ( ! sword      
fronts 8 "r brea/2 ! po9t is direct$ at 
8 oppon5t's "r eye2 8 "r arm is ext5d$ )
 an easy b5d at ! elb[2 ! wri/ is       
incl9$1 ) ! knuckles slightly turn$     
upw>ds1 to 8 own "r1 s z to cov] him 9  
case ( a /raight ?ru/1 & ! left h& is   
plac$ ^u ! left flank j bel[ ! ribs1 ) !
 f+]s to ! front & ! ?umb to ! re>4  ,! 
sev]al gu>ds 7p>ries7 are le>n$ by hold+
 ! sword opposite to & 9 ! incl9ation ( 

! dott$ l9es :i* h sword-hilts atta*$ to
 !m2 ! recruit is ?us taught f ! ,t>get 
! angle ( ! blade & ! position ( ! wri/4
  ,! ,t>get directs ! recruit h[ to make
 ! ,cuts & to =m ! ,gu>ds1 b n exactly  
:]e2 ?is mu/ dep5d ^u h[ ! oppon5t acts 
dur+ ! attack & ! def5ce4 ,cuts #a1 #c1 
#e1 #g1 #i1 & #aa 7odd numb]s7 are all f
 ,c>te1 :i* ! #8,infantry ,sword        
,ex]cise' calls ,inside4 ,! correspond+ 
ev5 numb]s 7#b1 #d1 #f1 #h1 #aj1 & #ab7 
are f ,ti]ce1 or ,outside4 ,! same      
nom5clature applies to ! ,gu>ds or      
p>ries4  ,:5 ! recruit ?or\ghly und]/&s 
! use ( ! ,t>get he ne$ no long] be     
practis$ 9 front ( x2 b ! in/ructor     
7sword 9 h&7 %\ld consid] x a sure guide
 & ref]5ce = correctly =m+ ! ,gu>ds & = 
giv+ a suitable direction to ! edge :5  
mak+ ! ,cuts4    #b4 ,! ,m\l9et4#i  ,?is
 rotation movem5t %\ld be le>nt be=e !  
recruit proce$s to ! ,cut4  ,!re is no?+
 bett] = 8break+10 z ! ,fr5* say1 !     
recruit's wri/ ?an ?is sweep ( ! sword2 
& ! /yle ( a swordsman may always be    

kn[n by 8 ,m\l9et4 ,we w divide x into  
?ree k9ds1 viz4 7#a7 horizontal1 7#b7   
diagonal1 & 7#c7 v]tical2 ! latt] aga9  
may be ei!r 7a7 asc5d+ or 7b7 desc5d+2 b
 z ! second 7diagonal7 is a m]e         
modification ( ! fir/ & ! ?ird1 x w be  
suffici5t to notice only two2 ^! are3-- 
#a/4 ,! horizontal movem5t1 or ,m\l9et  
prop]1 circl+ ! sword r\nd ! head4 ,!   
grip is held z lightly z possible1      
*iefly ) ! ?umb & ! fir/ f+]1 re/+ !    
pommel ^u ! palm1 & c>ry+ ! nails       
upw>ds4 ,! blade %\ld be mov$ z         
horizontally z x c be1 ) ! back j cle>+ 
! swordsman's cr[n3 x %\ld describe1 n a
 true circle1 b an oval ) a long diamet]
 9 ! direct+ l9e to ! c5tre ( ! ,t>get  
?r\gh ! heels or ankles ( ! recruit4    
,f9ally1 ! po9t %\ld be lanc$ or ?r[n   
out1 z x 71 t[>ds ! oppon5t's face4     
,evid5tly x may be done 9 two ways1     
fir/1 f "r to left1 :i* ,i w call !     
8,ti]ce ,m\l9et0 7,m\l9et  gau*e72 ?is  
is by f> ! easie/ & ! m habitual1       
correspond+ ) ,ti]ce 8,c\nt]10          

opposition1 or describ+ ) ! blade a     
circle r\nd ! adv]s>y's blade1 9 ! f5c+ 
s*ool4 ,! rev]se movem5t 78,c>te        
,m\l9et10 ,m\l9et  droite71 f left to   
"r1 requires1 l ! ,c\nt] ( ,c>te1 mu* m 
practice4  ,9 ^! directions 8"r & left0 
apply to ! "r & left ( ! swordsman's    
wri/4  #bnd4 ,9 ,france ! t]m 8,m\l9et0 
is mo/ly appli$ to ^! two rotations ( ! 
sword r\nd ! head1 b we w ext5d x to all
 circl+s ( ! po9t4 ,! v]tical =m is also
 made f ! h& 9 ,ti]ce 7,outside ,gu>d71 
! blade is br\ght %>ply r\nd ) ! back   
t[>ds ! brea/ & left %\ld]1 & returns to
 its orig9al position2 we w call ?is !  
8,inside ,m\l9et10 hav+ ref]5ce to !    
p]=m]1 n ! adv]s>y4 ,! 8,outside        
,m\l9et0 is :5 f 8,ti]ce or ,outside    
,gu>d0 ! blade passes along ! "r %\ld]1 
x is simply ! =m] done 9 ! out] l9e4    
,illu/ration3 ,horizontal ,m\l9et4      
,aga9 ! 8,inside ,m\l9et10 :i* ends ) ! 
,cut f above d[nw>ds 7! ,fr5* enlev71   
may be inv]t$ s z to cut f d[nw>ds      
upw>ds 7! bris74 ,! same may be done ) !

 8,outside ,m\l9et10 :5 ! wri/ mu/ be   
turn$ upw>ds1 & ! ,cut giv5 9 ! asc5d+  
l9e4 ,?is difficult movem5t %\ld be     
practis$ 9 ord] to ensure a flexible    
wri/1 b x exposes ! :ole arm4 ,9 ! f\r  
latt] 8,cuts10 ! "o inv>iable rule is to
 circle ! po9t z v]tically z possible4  
,! ,fr5* ,manuel 7pp4 #bcd1 #bce7 gives3
 #a1 ! enlev cutt+ f above d[nw>ds2 & x 
may be ei!r  gau*e 7,ti]ce ,m\l9et7 or  
droite 7,c>te ,m\l9et72 #b1 ! ,m\l9et   
prop]2 & #c1 ! bris1 cutt+ f d[nw>ds    
upw>ds1 ?us rev]s+ ! enlev2 & ?is also  
may be done  gau*e 7,ti]ce ,m\l9et7 or  
droite 7,c>te ,m\l9et74  ,illu/ration3  
,v]tical ,m\l9et4  ,! 8,m\l9et0 %\ld be 
practis$ fir/ )\t1 !n )1 ! sword1 & on  
foot1 be=e attempt+ x on horseback4 ,9 !
 e>li] /age ! recruit mu/ turn ! h&1 ) !
 arm ne>ly ext5d$1 9 ! horizontal &     
v]tical movem5ts1 )\t /iffness &        
displacem5t ( ! elb[4 ,9 ! second he    
may1 if no ,t>get be procurable1 "w be=e
 a cross *alk$ on ! wall s z to secure  
horizontality & v]ticality4 ,f9ally1 !  

soldi] w comb9e ! two1 ,ti]ce & ,c>te1  
by pass+ rapidly f "o to ! o!r4  ,:il/  
practis+ ! ,m\l9et ! recruit mu/ be     
taught ! two ma9 divisions ( !          
sword-blade4 ,f5c]s h introduc$ an      
imm5se complication into ?is simple     
matt]2 & "s h propos$ eight p>ts3 =     
broadsword x is suffici5t to divide !   
l5g?4 ,! 8,feeble10 or weak half1 is t  
conta9$ betwe5 ! po9t & ! c5tre2 ?is1 ! 
prop] "p = ! ,cut or attack is gr\nd to 
a ?9n] edge1 & consequ5tly is m liable  
to an injury f ano!r sword if ! ,cut be 
n v true4 ,! 8,=t10 or /rong half1 is f 
! c5tre to ! hilt1 & ^u ?is we mu/ rely 
= def5ce4  ,a few h\rs' practice & a few
 press+s ^u ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! blade "u 
! surveillance ( ! in/ructor w tea* !   
recruit ! high importance ( ?is lesson4 
,he w le>n t 9 oppos+ ! adv]s>y's sword 
! /r5g? ( ! def5ce decreases f ! hilt   
upw>ds 9 proportion z ! ,cut is receiv$ 
t[>ds ! po9t2 & t1 vice v]s1 x increases
 f ! po9t d[nw>ds to ! h&4 ,! /ronge/   
man _c 8=ce 90 ! oppon5t's ,gu>d if !   

,cut or ,?ru/ be receiv$ ^u ! "p ne> !  
h&le4 ,) a true ,gu>d ! ord9>y f5c+ foil
 c turn (f ! ?ru/ ( a musket & bayonet  
weigh+ #aj lbs4 ,! practis$ swordsman   
always attempts1 :5 attack+1 to ga9 ) 8 
8,=t0 ! 8,feeble0 ( ! oppon5t's weapon1 
9 :i* case ! sup]ior lev]age w (t5 beat 
d[n ! p>ry2 & ?is manuvre %\ld be       
c>efully practis$ by m5 ( sup]ior       
muscul> /r5g?4 ,! ,cuts mu/1 z a rule1  
be deliv]$ )9 eight in*es ( ! po9t & at 
! 8c5tre ( p]cussion10#aj s t ! sword   
may cle> itself & ! arm escape a 8j>40  
,! two virtues ( ! ,cut are its tru5ess 
& its velocity4 ,unless true x w become 
a bl[ ) ! flat t w\ld %iv] to pieces any
 brittle ,ea/]n blade4 ,assum+ ! vis    
viva or =ce ( a mov+ body to be its     
weight multipli$ by ! squ>e ( !         
velocity1 let u suppose a /rong man     
cutt+ ) a sword weigh+ #d lbs41 to :i*  
he c give a velocity :i* we w call #a1  
or #d  #a  #d3 a weak] man :o applies   
d\ble ! velocity to a #b lb4 sword w ?us
 produce a mom5tum ( #h1 d\bl+ ! =ce ( !

 bl[4 ,b let ! /rong] man take ! light] 
sword1 evid5tly he w obta9 a high]      
velocity1 :i* we w assume at #c3 9 ?is  
case ! effect w be #ah4 ,?us ! p[] ( !  
,cut is enorm\sly increas$ by increas$  
velocity1 b mu* less by increas$ weight 
9 ! mov+ body4    #c4 ,! ,cuts4  ,!     
,t>get prefix$ to ! #8,infantry ,sword  
,ex]cise' gives ,sev5 ,cuts1 an         
insuffici5t numb]4 ,! ,g]man sy/ems add 
an eigh? bl[ p]p5dicul>ly upw>ds1 :5 !  
:ole ( ! swordsman's arm f wri/ to %\ld]
 w\ld be completely at ! oppon5t's m]cy4
  ,! ,fr5* ,manuel has only sev51 viz4 !
 ,c\p de ,tte2 #b1 ! ,c\p de ,b&]ole2   
#c1 ! ,c\p de ,figure  droite2 #d1 !    
,c\p de ,figure  gau*e2 #e1 ! ,c\p de   
,flanc2 #f1 ! ,c\p de ,v5tre2 & #g1 !   
,c\p de ,man*ette4  ,illu/ration3 ,g]man
 ,sy/em4  ,! subjo9$ diagram %[s !      
,twelve ,cuts#aa :i* s]ve to 8loos50 !  
rigid arm ( ! recruit4  ,illu/ration3 ,!
 ,twelve ,cuts 7%[n by ! ?ick /rokes71 !
 dott$ l9es d5ot+ ! c\rse ( ! blade 9   
8,m\l9et01 or r 9 8,semi-,m\l9et40      

,,c>te4                         ,,ti]ce4
    ,cut #a4                            
,cut #b 7,head ,cuts74    ,cut #c4      
,cut #d 7,face ,cuts74    ,cut #e4      
,cut #f 7,%\ld] ,cuts74    ,cut #g4     
,cut #h 7,brea/ ,cuts74    ,cut #i4     
,cut #aj 7,/oma* ,cuts74    ,cut #aa4   
,cut #ab 7,gro9 & ,?igh ,cuts74   ,!    
figure repres5ts ! oppon5t2 ! ?ick l9es 
%[ ! direction ( ! edge :5 cutt+2 & !   
dott$ cont9uations d5ote ! c\rse ( !    
blade :5 describ+ ! sev]al 8,m\l9ets40  
,! ,cuts %\ld be cont9u\s1 ! regul>     
succession always beg9n+ f ,c>te or !   
,inside1 t is1 f ! re> ( ! left %\ld]4  
,z 9 ! 8,m\l9et10 ! less ! arm is b5t & 
! sword-h& is mov$ f ! l9e ( direction  
7to ! front71 ! great] is ! value ( !   
movem5t4 ,! recruit1 :o mu/ walk be=e he
 runs1 %\ld deliv] ! :ole doz5 9        
cont9u\s sweep )\t pause1 b at fir/ v   
sl[ly1 till1 by ! prop] & timely use ( !
 wri/1 ! ,cuts lead into "o ano!r4 ,! m 
advanc$ swordsman1 ^: pliability ( /r5g?
 is free f contractions & o!r vici\s    

habits1 %\ld practise ! s]ies ( twelve )
 increas$ rapidity till ! blade :i/les  
?r\gh ! air4 ,all ! ,cuts %\ld be giv5  
/rong1 ) ! edge lead+ well =w>ds & ) !  
arm ext5d$ to its utmo/ 9 ! deliv]y4  ,!
 foll[+ are ! ,twelve ,cuts3--  ,i4 &   
,,ii4 ,^! ,cuts are made1 aft] fall+    
into ,ti]ce or ,outside ,gu>d1 f above  
d[nw>ds at ! oppon5t's head4 ,9 ,no4 ,i4
 ! po9t1 beg9n+ z usual f ! left %\ld]  
7,c>te71 describes a full circle        
78,inside ,m\l9et10 ! bris  gau*e ( !   
,fr5* ,manuel71 ! h& mov+ z little z    
possible s z to cov] ! body2 ! knuckles 
turn$ up & ! blade pass+ close to !     
brea/3 x f9i%es by deliv]+ a v]tical    
,cut1 ) ! 8,feeble0 close to ! po9t1 at 
! "r half ( ! adv]s>y's cr[n4 ,no4      
,,ii41 :i* foll[s )\t int]ruption1      
rev]ses ! process2 ! knuckles are turn$ 
d[n & ! blade sweeps pa/ ! "r %\ld]     
7bris  droite72 end+ ) ! left half ( !  
oppon5t's head4 ,! latt] ,cut is by f> !
 m difficult to make )\t mov+ ! h&1 b x 
is good practice = 8break+0 ! wri/4     

,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ,! horizontal face-cuts1 
also beg9n+ f ! left 7,c>te71 an        
inv>iable rule1 & end+ ) ! "r1 t is1 at 
! adv]s>y's left *eek4 ,! reason ( ?is  
practice is to make ! movem5t habitual  
to ! recruit2 cutt+ f left to "r always 
causes less exposure ( ! inn] wri/ ?an  
cutt+ f "r to left4  ,v4 & ,,vi4 ,!     
slant+ %\ld]-cuts1 also f above d[nw>ds 
7,nos4 #a & #b1 or r #b & #a1 ( !       
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise1' pp4 #ad1  
#ag1 & ! ,c\ps de ,b&]ole ( ! ,manuel72 
describ+ two diagonal ,m\l9ets1 fir/ f  
left to "r1 & !n f "r to left4 ,! sword 
aga9 makes a d\ble 8,m\l9et0 ) ! edge   
d[nw>ds1 & desc5ds fir/ ^u ! oppon5t's  
"r & !n ^u 8 left %\ld]4  ,,vii4 &      
,,viii4 ,! horizontal brea/-cuts1       
p>allel ) ! face-cuts1 &1 l !m1 deliv]$ 
) ! blade z horizontal z possible4      
,,ix4 & ,x4 ,! horizontal /oma*-cuts1   
p>allel )1 & l[] ?an1 ! brea/-cuts4     
,,xi4 & ,,xii4 ,! slant+ gro9 or        
?igh-cuts1 diagonally f d[nw>ds upw>ds2 
9 fact1 ! rev]se ( ! %\ld]-cuts 7,nos4  

#d & #c ( ! #8,ex]cise1' & ! briss ( !  
,manuel74 ,9 ^! diagonal ,m\l9ets1 !    
elb[ mu/ n be b5t2 ! h& %\ld deviate z  
little z possible f ! direct+ l9e "u pa9
 ( dang]\s exposure2 & ! two movem5ts   
%\ld foll[ ea* o!r )\t a break4  ,:5ev] 
! recruit fails to c>ry ! edge well =w>d
 9 mak+ ! attack1 he %\ld be practis$   
sl[ly & repeat$ly 9 comb9+ ! opposites1 
z ,head-cut 7,no4 #a7 & ,?igh-cut 7,no4 
#ab71 ,head-cut 7,no4 #b7 & ,?igh-cut   
7,no4 #aa71 & s =?4 ,! in/ructor mu/ see
 t ! edge leads on to ! respective l9es 
( ! ,t>get1 ! po9t be+ d>t$ out at ! end
 ( ea* cut4  ,! ,cuts w be practis$ fir/
 9 ,no4 #b 8,second ,position0 7,gu>d71 
& aft]w>ds 9 ,no4 #b 8,?ird ,position0  
7,lunge74  ,illu/ration3 ,prime1 or     
,hang+ ,gu>d4    #d4 ,! ,engag+ ,gu>ds1 
or ,engagem5ts4  ,z ! #8,infantry ,sword
 ,ex]cise' has a defici5cy ( ,cuts1 s x 
has a sup]fluity ( 8,engag+ ,gu>ds40 ,i 
h already express$ my op9ion conc]n+ !  
,gu>d 7p4 #ah ( #ahgd7 popul>ly call$ ! 
8,hang+ ,gu>d40 ,ev5 ) ! be/ position1 !

 head erect & ! eyes look+ /raight & n  
upw>ds1 x is utt]ly faulty2 x displaces 
! arm & ! sword1 &1 z no s]i\s attack c 
be made directly f x1 x necessitates a  
movem5t entail+ a consid]able am\nt (   
exposure4 ,x is n[ *iefly conf9$ to     
/ud5ts' duels ) ! ,g]man ,s*lg]1 :]e9   
slitt+ ! oppos+ nose1 :i* c be done ) a 
m]e j]k upw>ds1 is ! swordsman's highe/ 
aim & ambition4  ,! 8,engag+ ,gu>ds0 are
 ?us r$uc$ to ! two foll[+3--  ,ti]ce   
7or outside7 ,gu>d2 def5d+ ! out] l9es1 
arm1 %\ld]1 back1 & flank4 ,! recruit   
hav+ assum$ ! 8,second ,position0 7,no4 
#b71 br+s ! pommel ( 8 sword to ! c5tre 
( 8 "r brea/2 opposes ! po9t to !       
adv]s>y's "r eye2 ext5ds 8 "r arm ) an  
easy b5d ( ! elb[2 incl9es ! wri/ ) !   
knuckles upw>ds to 8 own "r1 s z to cov]
 himself 9 case ( a /raight ?ru/1 &     
places 8 left h& ^u 8 left flank ) !    
f+]s to ! front & ! ?umb to ! re>4 ,9   
,ti]ce ( c\rse ! edge ( ! sword is to ! 
"r or outside4  ,illu/ration3 ,engag+   
,gu>d 9 ,ti]ce 7,outside74  ,c>te 7or   

,inside7 ,gu>d4 ,?is movem5t def5ds !   
inn] l9es1 *e/ & /oma*2 ! knuckles are  
turn$ d[n2 ! opposition is made to !    
left1 & ! edge is c>ri$ 9 ! same        
direction4  ,illu/ration3 ,engag+ ,gu>d 
9 ,c>te 7,inside74  ,:5 engag+ 9 gu>d   
7jo9+ weapons71 ! swords %\ld meet ea*  
o!r ab\t eight in*es f ! po9ts4 ,if !   
di/ance is dim9i%$ ! oppon5ts are 8out (
 measure0 7or di/ance72 if increas$1 !y 
are 8)9 measure40 ,! recruit mu/ be     
taught slightly to press ^u ! oppon5t's 
blade1 b n to re/ ^u x2 by ?is          
8opposition0 8 h& & wri/ w be m ready to
 foll[ ! weapon dur+ ! attack4 ,?us also
 ! 8,engag+ ,gu>ds10 ,ti]ce1 & ,c>te    
7outside & inside7 af=d protection      
prep>atory to ! movem5ts = (f5ce &      
def5ce4 ,! eye mu/ be fix$ ^u ! eye & ! 
h& or ! blade-po9t ( ! oppon5t1 n ^u !  
eye only4  ,gu>d may be p>tly def5sive  
:5 ! bu/ is advanc$ & ! po9t approa*es !
 oppon5t1 or x may be purely protective 
:5 its sole object is ! 8p>ry40  ,!     
"r-h&$ recruit mu/ be taught always to  

attempt ,engag+ 9 ,ti]ce1#ab ) 8        
oppon5t's blade 9 ! out] l9e 7sur les   
armes74 ,! reason is simply t 9 ! rev]se
 position 7dans les armes71 ! =e-arm1 f 
! elb[ to ! wri/1 is comp>atively       
ungu>d$2 :]eas ,ti]ce facilitates !     
def5ce ( ! 8l[ l9es0 7i4 e4 ^? bel[ !   
wri/74 ,ti]ce !re=e has inv>iably !     
advantage ) ! sabre1 z ,c>te c>ries (f !
 palm ) ! small-sword1 ! foil1 & !      
rapi]4#ac ,b ! "r-h&$ man engag+ 9      
,ti]ce puts 8 left-h&$ oppon5t 9 ,c>te2 
& ! latt]1 if a skilful sword]1 w       
manuvre1 by )draw+ 8 blade1 by c\ps or  
degagem5ts ov] ! po9t1 & by o!r fe9ts1  
to rega9 ! gr\nd ( vantage4 ,! be/      
treatm5t ( ?is case is to make a "t-cut 
9 ,seconde 78inn] ,m\l9et10 or bris     
gau*e7 at ! adv]s>y's knuckles1 a       
movem5t :i* w pres5tly be expla9$4      
#e4 ,! ,gu>ds or ,p>ries4#ad  ,!        
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise' proposes   
,sev5 ,gu>ds1 a numb] :i* c h>dly be    
r$uc$ = practice on ! drill-gr\nd or 9 !
 s*ools3 ! ,manuel conta9s ! same numb]1

 includ+ "o = ! ,po9t4 ,b ( ! sev5 no   
less ?an five are 8,hang+ ,gu>ds10 &    
,nos4 #c & #d s]ve only to def5d !      
inside & ! outside ( ! advanc$ leg4 ,?is
 limb requires no assi/ance ( ! k9d3 an 
able swordsman nev] exposes 8 head &    
%\ld]s by cutt+ s l[1 &1 if he does1 !  
leg c be sm>tly )drawn 7p>ade           
retrograde1 or en *appant71 r5d]+ !     
attack n only useless b dang]\s to !    
assailant4 ,ev5 9 f5c+1 8l[ ?ru/s10 t   
is1 at ! body bel[ ! wri/1 are nev]     
made1 = fe> ( ! 8,"t0 be+ tak51 until ! 
upp] l9e has be5 clos$ by a fe9t4 ,9 our
 ,s+le-/ick practice ! fir/ ?\ght seems 
to be to attack ! advanc$ leg--:i* may  
be well en\gh = ,s+le-/ick4             
,illu/ration3 ,lunge & ,cut 9 ,c>te     
7,inside74  ,! foll[+ are ! full numb] (
 gu>ds or p>ries 9 :i* ! edge mu/       
inv>iably be us$3 !y are evid5tly       
dividable into two2 7#a7 ,head 7) face7 
,gu>ds1 & 7#b7 ,body ,gu>ds3--  ,i4     
,prime 7p4 #ch71 s call$ because x is ! 
8fir/0 position ( def5ce aft] draw+ !   

blade1 t :i* ! unpractis$ man w\ld      
naturally assume to def5d 8 head4 ,x is 
! #g? ,gu>d ( ! #8,infantry ,sword      
,ex]cise4' ,9 practice ! po9t is m      
incl9$ to ! horizontal l9e ?an :5 !     
blade is un%ea!d2 ! edge is c>ri$       
some:at inside or to ! left2 ! arm is   
%ort5$ & s rais$ t ! eyes look "u x1 b !
 head rema9s upright4 ,! recruit mu/ be 
c>eful n to 8b5d ! body20 n to 8draw 9 !
 *e/ & neck20 & n to 8br+ ! left %\ld] a
 little =w>d40 ,! defect ( ,prime is its
 be+ a 8,hang+ gu>d10 r5d]+ ! ripo/e or 
reply difficult1 & mod]n practice pref]s
 8,high ,ti]ce40  ,,ii4 ,seconde 7#d?   
,gu>d71 s t]m$ because foll[+ ,prime3 ! 
arm is ext5d$1 ! edge is c>ri$ to !     
outside or to ! "r2 9 practice ! hilt is
 l[]$1 & ! po9t1 ?reat5+ ! oppon5t's    
lo9s1 is depress$ to ! half ( a "r      
angle4 ,?is position mu/ be le>n$ = !   
sake ( fe9t+3 z a p>ade x is n mu* us$1 
because x def5ds only ! hip & leg1 & a  
good swordsman w nev] expose himself to 
exce$+ dang] by mak+ l[ cuts4 ,mod]n    

practice pref]s 8l[ ,ti]ce40  ,,iii4    
,ti]ce 7#bnd ,gu>d7 has be5 describ$ 7p4
 #ci7 "u 8,/&+ on ,gu>d0 & 8,engag+     
,gu>ds20 x def5ds ! out] l9es1 arm1     
%\ld]1 & back4  ,,iv4 ,high ,ti]ce is a 
head-gu>d3 ! h& is rais$ to above !     
%\ld] to ! maximum level ( ! swordsman's
 "r eye1 & ! blade is c>ri$ at an angle 
( #de ) ! edge up & ! po9t to ! left4   
,v4 ,l[ ,ti]ce is a flank-gu>d2 ! arm is
 %ort5$1 ! h& is depress$ six in*es2 !  
opposition is to ! outside1 & ! po9t is 
held v]tically or almo/ v]tically1 z !  
attack dem&s4  ,,vi4 ,c>te 7#a/ ,gu>d7  
has be5 describ$ 7p4 #dj7 "u 8,engag+   
,gu>ds10 z def5d+ ! inn] l9es1 *e/ &    
/oma*4 ,= ! purposes ( p>ry+1 ! arm is  
)drawn till ! elb[1 almo/ t\*+ ! belt1  
=ms an equilat]al triangle ) ! hilt & ! 
left side4  ,,vii4 ,high ,c>te is a     
head-gu>d l high ,ti]ce3 ! h& is rais$  
to ! left ( ! left eye1 & ! blade1      
cross+ ! face at an angle ( #de1 c>ries 
! edge up1 & ! po9t to ! "r4  ,,viii4   
,l[ ,c>te is a /oma* gu>d4 ,z 9 ,l[     

,ti]ce ! arm is %ort5$1 ! h& is depress$
 six in*es2 ! opposition is to ! inside1
 & ! po9t is held v]tically or almo/    
v]tically1 z ! attack dem&s4  ,9        
practice ! advanc$ swordsman w conf9e   
himself to ,ti]ce & ,c>te ) _! natural  
modifications4 ,he w consult 8 own      
feel+s ab\t ! head-gu>d1 aboli%+ ,prime 
9 fav\r ( ,high ,ti]ce or ,high ,c>te1 &
 he w pref] ,l[ ,ti]ce or )draw+ ! leg  
7rassemblem5t7 to us+ ,seconde4 ,( ^!   
movem5ts ! simple/ are always ! be/4 ,:5
 p>ry+1 ! sword-arm mu/ inv>iably be    
drawn = def5ce ne>] ! body1 & ! grip    
%\ld be s5sibly tight5$ to receive !    
cut4 ,no /r5g? is necess>y :5 mak+ !    
p>ries3 ,i _c accept ! 8,s=zi0 or       
gu>d-=c+s ( ! neo-,italian broadsword   
s*ool1 dry bl[s ^u ! blade1 :i*1 int5d$ 
to dis>m1 are ess5tially dang]\s4  ,!   
,gu>ds or ,p>ries w be practis$ l !     
,cuts1 fir/ 9 ! 8,second ,position0     
7,gu>d71 & aft]w>ds 9 ! 8,?ird          
,position0 7,lunge74     ,,section      
,,iii4  ,,! ,,man*ette ,,or ,,=e-,,arm  

,,play4    #a4 ,prelim9>y4  ,! recruit  
is n[ suffici5tly advanc$ to beg9 !     
sy/em ( ,man*ette1 :i*1 z x is ! mo/    
valuable "p ( sword-drill1 has be5      
practis$ ! lea/1 & %\ld be practis$ !   
mo/4 ,a swordsman ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ?is  
section does n all[ ! oppon5t to deliv] 
a cut4 ,x is c]ta9 t h& & wri/1 %ort-arm
 & elb[1 are capable ( z _m diff]5t     
attacks & def5ces z ! :ole body3 ^! are 
! p>ts mo/ prom95t1 mo/ expos$1 &       
consequ5tly mo/ readily made ! po9t de  
mire4 ,yet ?is true & simple secret ( ! 
broadsword has be5 univ]sally neglect$1 
or r n work$ out3 9 ,engl& we cont5t    
ourselves ) ! p>ades te*nically call$   
retrogrades1 t is1 )draw+ ! limb f !    
assault1 by %ort5+ ! arm &1 sometimes1  
by retir+ ! "r foot ei!r ne> to1 or up  
to1 or beh9d ! left heel3 ev5 ?is       
evasion :i* _c expect to pass = a ,gu>d1
 is n describ$ nor figur$ 9 ! (ficial   
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise4'#ae ,9     
,france1 & ev5 9 ,italy :]e mo/ subjects
 are exhau/ively treat$1 ,man*ette is   

dismiss$ ) a few c>eless words4 ,!      
,manuel gives to ! ,c\p de ,man*ette    
only ^! few l9es3 8,excut] un enlev     
7v]tical ,m\l9et f above d[nw>ds7 en    
arrire  droite1 et arrt] le sabre       
vis--vis le milieu du ,corps1 le        
tran*ant en dessus1 le p\le lgrem5t     
droite2 dirig] l'enlev de manire  emp*] 
en arrtant l'avant bras1 l'excution d'un
 c\p de tte40 ,capitano ,settimo del    
,frate 7p4 #ej1 ,i/ruzione sul ,maneggio
 e ,s*]ma della ,sciabola7 9 "o ( !     
late/ works on swordsman%ip cont5ts     
himself ) ! foll[+ desultory            
obs]vations3  8,man*ett0 7sic7 8c attack
 ! =e-arm ei!r above or bel[1 accord+ z 
! oppon5t gives an op5+4  8,man*ett is  
g5]ally us$ aga9/ an adv]s>y ^: gu>d is 
defective4 ,by m]ely ext5d+ ! arm ) a   
turn ( ! wri/1 ?is attack may readily   
succe$ %\ld ! oppon5t neglect to provide
 aga9/ x4  8,"o ( ! mo/ dang]\s gu>ds   
aga9/ ,man*ett is ,ti]ce2 ! sure/ is    
,high ,seconde1 :i* inde$ is also ! be/ 
p>ry adapt$ to ?is sy/em ( attack40  ,! 

fir/ memb] ( ! la/ p>agraph is s5sible2 
! second is ?or\ghly fallaci\s4 ,z has  
be5 /at$1 ! "r-h&$ man mu/ always engage
 9 ,ti]ce1 &1 z w pres5tly appe>1 ,ti]ce
 is ! safe/1 inde$ ! only safe gu>d     
aga9/ ,man*ette cuts4 ,ano!r ,italian   
writ] ( our day describes & figures !   
8,position ( ! weapon$ arm to escape !  
arm-cut0 7,colpo di braccio71 ) !       
elb[-jo9t left clean op54 ,! #8,infantry
 ,sword ,ex]cise' limits itself 7p4 #cj7
 to ^! few l9es3 8,if oppos$ to ! ,small
 ,sword 7sic1 mean+ /raight sword or    
rapi]7 h rec\rse to ,cuts ,?ree 7,no4   
#ac ( ?is sy/em7 & ,f\r 7,no4 #aa71     
direct+ !m at ! arm1 by :i* means !re is
 e probability ( ! cuts tak+ effect1 z x
 mu/ always come )9 range ( ! edge1 be=e
 ! po9t c be suffici5tly advanc$ to rea*
 y\r body3 if ! above cuts are quickly  
giv5 & cont9u$1 !y w also be f\nd       
advantage\s 9 advanc+ aga9/ ! ,small    
,sword1 z !y con/itute an attack & =m a 
def5ce at ! same mom5t2 b %\ld ! oppon5t
 be ! mo/ skilful & quicke/ 7sic7 9 8   

movem5ts1 !n x is be/ to retire :il/    
giv+ !m1 cauti\sly pres]v+ ! prop]      
di/ance1 s t ea* cut may j rea* ! =e "p 
( 8 arm40 ,! ,fr5* cont5t !mselves )    
s+le oppositions ( ,ti]ce & ,c>te4 ,b :y
 multiply in/ances ( ignorance8--!y w\ld
 fill _m a useless page4  ,f9ally ,i    
m$itat$ ^u ! comp>ative humanity (      
8,man*ette10 ( disabl+ ! oppon5t by an  
arm-cut1 r ?an lay+ op5 8 flank or 8    
head4 ,dur+ s+le r5contres 9 ! field1   
especially at ! end ( ,indian battles1 x
 is s (t5 necess>y to put hors de combat
 "s un=tunate1 ^: pluck or s5se ( hon\r 
induces him to prolong ! hopeless       
attack4  ,^! consid]ations l$ me to     
reflect s]i\sly = a numb] ( ye>s ^u !   
,jeu de ,man*ette1 ! ,colpi all'        
avambraccio1 or =e-arm play1 :i* has be5
 s mu* neglect$ by ma/]-swordsm54 ,at   
la/ an unlook$-= opportunity1 a %ort    
/udy 9 ! ,salle d'armes ( ,h]r ,bal?as> 
,rei* ( ,trie/e1 enabl$ me to r$uce x to
 a sy/em1 & pres5t x to ! public4  ,i   
%\ld premise1 h[ev]1 t ! foll[+         

obs]vations are int5d$ = pr(essional m54
 ,x is !re=e necess>y only to "n & numb]
 ! ,direct ,cuts1 ! ,gu>ds & ! ,fe9ts1 !
 ,rev]se ,cuts1 & ! ,"t ,cuts (         
,man*ette1 z 9 mo/ cases ! simple/      
m5tion w suffice4 ,! pr(ici5t w at once 
p]ceive t ,i (f] a m]e outl9e ( ! sy/em 
^: _m details mu/ be le>n$ by long      
practice4 ,x is en\gh to give fir/      
pr9ciples3 ! m9uti c\ld n ev5 be notic$ 
)\t /ret*+ description to a we>isome    
l5g?4  ,!re is no objection1 ,i h said1 
to tea*+ squads ( recruits all ! simpl] 
prep>atory matt]3 ! ,?ree ,positions2 ! 
,m\l9et2 ! ,engag+ ,gu>d1 & ! ,gu>ds or 
,p>ries4 ,at a c]ta9 /age ( progress1   
h[ev]1 especially :5 beg9n+ ,man*ette1 !
 quick & intellig5t soldi]1 :o is likely
 to qualify himself z a ma/]1 mu/ be    
in/ruct$ s+ly4    #b4 ,! ,direct ,cuts 9
 ,man*ette4  ,! foll[+ are ! direct     
attacks 9 ,man*ette1 simple & comp\nd2  
all are done f ! 8,engag+ ,gu>d10 !     
,lunge be+ "h inadmissible4  ,i4 ,c>te  
de ,man*ette4--,ext5d ! sword-arm to !  

full l5g? & deliv] ! cut1 ) a flip z x  
71 at ! oppon5t's =e-arm1 betwe5 ! elb[ 
& ! wri/4 ,?is c be done ) ! back ( !   
blade 7,rev]se ,cut7 "u circum/ances    
pres5tly to be describ$4 ,no4 ,i4 is    
useful if ! adv]s>y unwisely engages y 9
 ,c>te o!rwise 7f ,ti]ce7 x mu/ be      
avoid$1 z he easily p>ries by )draw+ !  
arm & replies ) a ,ti]ce ,cut4  ,,ii4   
,c>te de ,man*ette & ,cut ,ti]ce4--,?is 
movem5t is ,no4 ,i4 foll[$ by a close   
rotation ( ! po9t 78,ti]ce ,m\l9et072   
if1 h[ev]1 ! circle be too small1 x w n 
cle> ! sword-gu>d4  ,,iii4 ,d\ble ,c>te 
de ,man*ette & ,cut ,c>te4--,no4 ,,iii4 
is to be done :5 ! oppon5t1 z he g5]ally
 w aft] an attack ( ,no4 ,,ii41         
successively p>ries ,c>te & ,ti]ce4 ,x  
is simply ! d\ble ( ,no4 ,i41 & ?us !   
8,ti]ce ,m\l9et0 cuts1 ( c\rse1 inside !
 arm4  ,,iv4 ,d\ble ,c>te de ,man*ette &
 ,cut ,ti]ce4--,useful :5 ! adv]s>y     
p>ries ,c>te1 ,ti]ce & ,c>te2 x is !    
d\ble ( ,no4 ,,ii4 & ?us cuts outside ! 
arm4  ,no4 ,,ii4 gu>ds ! arm & is !re=e 

unexceptionable4 ,nos4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4   
are dang]\s1 because1 l ,no4 ,i41 :5    
oppos$ to an agile h&1 !y may lay ! wri/
 op5 to a ,"t ,cut4  ,! two fir/ & all  
f\r aga9/ a sl[ unready swordsman may be
 v>i$ by comb9ations ) c\ps1 or pass+ ! 
blade %>ply ov] ! adv]s>y's po9t4 ,=    
in/ance1 if ! adv]s>y come too wildly to
 ! ,ti]ce p>ade ( y\r d\ble ,c>te &     
,ti]ce 7,no4 ,,iii471 a c\p w rea* 8 arm
 9 ,c>te4  ,a gold5 rule :i* _c be      
repeat$ too (t5 is t all !              
,man*ette-,cuts 9 ,ti]ce 7outside71 ei!r
 f above or f bel[1 mu/ be z ne>ly      
v]tical z possible1 :il/ all ! ,cuts 9  
,c>te 7inside7 %\ld be z horizontal z !y
 c be made4 ,! reason is simply t ^!    
positions cov] ! arm & r5d] ! attack    
less dang]\s4    #c4 ,! ,gu>ds 7,p>ries7
 & ,fe9ts 9 ,man*ette4  ,! ,gu>ds ( !   
,t>get w be f\nd suffici5t = p>ry+ all  
attacks 9 ,man*ette4 ,! soldi]1 h[ev]1  
%\ld especially practise ! retrograde   
p>ades1 t is )draw+ ! "r =e-arm ) & )\t 
! "r leg4  ,fe9t+ ) ! broadsword is     

necess>ily m simple ?an ) ! foil1 be+   
g5]ally conf9$ to ,c\ps & ,secondes4 ,! 
neo-,italian s*ool ( sabre uses1 ,i h   
said1 ! f5c+ movem5ts1 b x is at be/ a  
ba/>d /yle4 ,if ! oppon5t attempts to   
8degage10 t is to pass 8 po9t "u y\r    
blade f ,ti]ce to ,c>te1 or vice v]s1   
retire by )draw+ ! "r heel to ! left1 & 
cut at ! arm :i* 8 movem5t has expos$4  
,! ,c\p1 ! rev]se ( ! degagem5t1 passes 
! po9t ov]1 n "u1 ! oppos+ blade2 ?is   
legitimate fe9t1 us$ 9 e s*ool1 may be  
effect$ 9 f\r sev]al ways4  ,i4 ,"o4 ,f 
! usual engagem5t 9 ,ti]ce pass ! blade 
ov] ! opposite po9t1 j cle>+ x1 & cut   
inside4 ,! two movem5ts rais+ & dropp+ !
 po9t %\ld be z rapid z possible4  ,,ii4
 ,"o1 ,two1 a d\ble ,c\p1 ) ! cut 9     
,ti]ce4  ,,iii4 ,"o1 ,two1 ,?ree3 z ) ! 
foil2 aga9/ a n]v\s oppon5t ! cut %\ld  
be made at ! face ) a d>t & a j]k 7!    
,italian ,slancio72 aga9/ a sl[ play] ! 
cut may be ,c>te de ,man*ette4  ,,iv4   
,"o1 ,two1 ,?ree1 ,f\r2 l ! =m]1 b cutt+
 9 ,ti]ce3 to be attempt$ only ) ! mo/  

unready ( oppon5ts4  ,! two latt] may be
 comb9$ ) a brea/ 7inside7 or %\ld]     
7outside7 8,m\l9et0 betwe5 ! p5ultimate 
& ! la/ 7cut7 movem5t2 b ^! long fe9ts  
are radically vici\s1 because !y lay !  
swordsman op5 to ,"t ,cuts4 ,!y are1    
h[ev]1 useful1 z w appe> 9 mak+ !       
,rev]se ,cuts4  ,p]haps ! ,seconde-fe9ts
 are bett] ?an ! ,c\ps4  ,i4 ,"o3 !     
simple ,seconde ,cut4--,make a little m 
opposition 9 ,ti]ce1 sweep ! blade pa/ &
 along ! brea/2 7inside ,m\l9et1 or !   
bris  gau*e7 &1 l[]+ ! h& a little1 cut 
upw>ds ) a j]k & a flip4 ,! ne>] !      
swordsman's own body 8 blade circles !  
bett]1 because ! cut w be m 9 ! v]tical 
l9e3 if x be mu* out ( ! p]p5dicul> !   
oppon5t c 8take a "t0 9 ,c>te4 ,!       
,m\l9et s]ves also to emb>rass ! adv]s>y
 & to add /r5g? to ! cut4 ,?is simple & 
mo/ valuable movem5t mu/ n be conf\nd$ )
 ! old-fa%ion$ ,seconde cut at ! leg3 ! 
latt] is object$ to1 z ,i h said1 by    
swordsm52 ! p>ry is too easy1 & ! ripo/ 
f> too dang]\s4  ,,ii4 ,fe9t            

,seconde4--,f ,ti]ce make a %ort & %>p  
movem5t to ,seconde ) ! knuckles turn$  
upw>ds2 ! oppon5t w probably come to !  
,seconde-p>ry1 !reby expos+ ! =e-arm4 ,y
 !n cut ,ti]ce p]p5dicul>ly z usual1 f  
above d[nw>ds 7! enlev71 ei!r )\t or ) a
 brea/ 8,m\l9et40  ,,iii4 ,fe9t         
,seconde1 ,fe9t ,ti]ce & ,cut ,c>te1 )  
two %ort1 %>p movem5ts1 & deliv] !      
horizontal cut 9 ,c>te4  ,,iv4 ,fe9t    
,seconde1 fe9t ,ti]ce & ,cut ,seconde1 f
 d[nw>ds upw>ds1 always ) a brea/       
8,m\l9et40  ,at times ! two fir/ fe9t+  
movem5ts 9 ,nos4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 may be  
done m emphatically3 ?is ( c\rse makes !
 movem5t sl[]1 b x is a v>iety :i*      
emb>rasses an adv]s>y accu/om$ only to  
%ort1 quick action4    #d4 ,! ,rev]se or
 ,back ,cuts 9 ,man*ette4  ,z !         
,man*ette sy/em has be5 /rangely        
neglect$1 s ! ,rev]se or ,back ,cut may 
be pron\nc$ unkn[n to ! majority ( !    
pr(ession3 ! latt]1 in/ead ( utiliz+ !  
8false edge0 ( ! blade1 /ill lose "t &  
incur great dang] by turn+ h& & wri/ 9  

us+ ! true edge1 especially :5 8,cutt+  
)9 ! ,sword40#af ,m extraord9>y /ill1   
al?\gh almo/ all ! civiliz$ _w pref]s   
:at is te*nically call$ ! 8flat-back$ & 
spe>-po9t$0 sabre1 yet no "o seems to   
?9k ( employ+1 or ev5 ( %>p5+ "o ( ! mo/
 important p>ts ( ! weapon4  ,!         
,regulation blade ) ! false edge1 t is  
to say1 ! blade %>p5$ f ! po9t to !     
,c5tre ( ,p]cussion1 ab\t "o-?ird ( !   
l5g?1 0 introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t      
#ahdd1 & ! fir/ specim5s 7 made by !    
late ,h5ry ,wilk9son1 act+ ) ! late     
,h5ry ,angelo1 !n ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,sword  
,ex]cise4#ag ,?is back-edge ( ! blade   
%\ld be gr\nd to ! %>pness ( a razor4   
,:5 practis+ ! ,rev]se ,cuts 7,rev]s or 
,rovescio71 ! h&le is held loosely ) !  
?umb & ! two fir/ f+]s1 & ! wri/ &      
=e-arm %\ld br+ ! blade up ) a j]k1 !   
grip be+ at ! same "t %>ply tight5$4    
,practice w soon enable ! swordsman to  
deliv] a /rong 8draw+0 cut1 equal to !  
,?ru/-cut ( ! s-call$ 8,damascus0       
blades4 ,?is valuable movem5t has !     

imm5se m]it ( n uncov]+ ! swordsman1 &  
:at makes ! sabre s rude a weapon is t e
 movem5t ( attack1 9 ! old sy/ems1 lays 
! body op5 by rais+ h& & po9t :5 a bl[  
is to be giv54 ,) ! ,rev]se ,cut no su* 
dang]\s process is necess>y2 ! po9t is  
/ill direct$ at ! oppon5t :il/ ! cut is 
be+ deliv]$4 ,f9ally1 x is always       
unexpect$ by ! oppon5t :o has n practis$
 x1 & al?\gh x r>ely beg9s an assault1  
except aga9/ ! inexp]i5c$1 nor %\ld x be
 done alone z a rule1 x may ei!r foll[  
or conclude e attack1 fe9t or 8"t40  ,i4
 ,! ,half-,fe9t 7,rev]s de dess\s1      
,rovescio di sotto1 or ,rev]s von unt57 
is done ?us4--,:5 9 ,ti]ce ext5d ! arm z
 if int5d+ to cut ,ti]ce2 ! oppon5t     
makes an opposition ( ,ti]ce2 drop !    
po9t1 & cut %>ply upw>ds ) ! false edge 
at 8 f+]s1 wri/1 or =e-arm1 draw+ !     
blade t[>ds y & keep+ ! po9t opposite ! 
adv]s>y's brea/4 ,?is movem5t is "o ( ! 
neate/ kn[n1 & x is sure to succe$ ) "o 
:o does n expect x4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! fe9t1
 or dropp+ ! po9t1 may lead to a cut ) !

 true edge1 b ?is movem5t1 :i* is /ill  
practis$ 9 ! s*ools1 involves delay by  
turn+ ! h&4 ,aga91 x may be comb9$ ) !  
inside 7brea/7 or outside 7%\ld]7       
,m\l9et4  ,,ii4 ,fe9t ,seconde & ,cut   
upw>ds4--,?is movem5t may be v>i$ by    
fe9t+ ,ti]ce & cutt+ upw>ds4  ,,iii4    
,"o-two-?ree4--,?is is n ! succession ( 
simple ,c\ps1 ! dang]\s movem5t be=e    
describ$4 ,no4 #a ,c\p %ifts ! h& f     
,ti]ce to ,c>te ) ! nails up2 ,no4 #b   
turns ! nails d[n1 /ill rema9+ 9 ,c>te2 
& ,no4 #c deliv]s ! ,rev]se ,cut1 (     
c\rse 9 ,c>te1 :]e x is lea/ expect$4   
,:5 ! po9t is pass$ well "u & )9 !      
sword-arm x is v difficult to p>ry !    
horizontal ,rev]se ,cut 9 ,c>te4 ,! true
 edge may be us$1 b aga9 x wa/es "t by  
turn+ ! h&4  ,,iv4 ,! ,pass1 prop]ly    
call$ 8en passant40--,f ,ti]ce make a   
fe9t-movem5t 9 ,seconde1 &1 :5 ! adv]s>y
 attempts to p>ry x by l[]+ ! po9t1 turn
 ! knuckles up 79 old ,ti]ce71 sweep !  
blade ov] 8 sword-arm & z close z       
possible to y\r "r leg f left to "r ) ! 

arm well rais$1 &1 return+ f "r to left 
) a simil> sweep1 b ) ! blade held      
high]1 cut1 9 ,c>te1 ) ! false edge &   
close to ! po9t1 inside 8 wri/4         
,unskilfully attempt$1 ?is fe9t is      
equally dang]\s to bo?1 b x w d yeoman's
 s]vice 9 ! h&s ( a practis$ swordsman4 
,! true edge may be us$1 b t involves a 
*ange ( position & ! delay ( turn+ ! h& 
) ! knuckles d[nw>ds4 ,"s make a d\ble  
sweep1 &1 aft] ! second movem5t1 cut    
outside or 9 ,ti]ce--! exposure is too  
great1 unless confront$ by an unusually 
phlegmatic temp]am5t4    #e4 ,! ,"t     
,cuts 9 ,man*ette4  ,! ,"t ,cut is !    
fl[] ( ! ,man*ette sy/em1 z ! ,man*ette 
is ( ! broadsword2 & x is1 p]haps1 ! "p 
lea/ capable ( be+ taught 9 books4 ,:5  
well ma/]$ x nev] all[s ! oppon5t to    
raise 8 arm )\t imm95t risk1 &1 ev5 if x
 fail1 ! int5tion1 once recogniz$1 t5ds 
greatly to cramp & emb>rass ! adv]s>y's 
play4 ,! natural man cuts z if he 7 us+ 
a /ick or a club1 & ! prelim9>y movem5t 
lays op5 ! :ole ( 8 body2 inde$1        

exposure1 ,i h said1 is ! ma9 dang] ( e 
attack ) ! sabre1 h[ev] closely &       
skilfully conduct$4 ,a cut ?r\gh !      
muscles ( ! =e-arm1 ei!r inside or      
outside1 causes ! sword in/antly to be  
relax$ & dropp$2 ! man 9 fact is        
ham/rung 9 ! upp] works4  ,i4 ,c>te de  
,man*ette4--,:5 ! oppon5t f ,ti]ce makes
 a ,c\p or any attack 9 ,c>te1 /op fur!r
 movem5t by a ,c>te de ,man*ette1 a     
horizontal ,cut 9 ,c>te4 ,! same may be 
done ) ! false edge1 9 :i* case ! blade 
%\ld be advanc$ z f> z is possible2 &   
?is is to be pref]r$ because x loses    
less "t4  ,,ii4 ,p>ade ,retrograde &    
,cut ,ti]ce4--,:5 ! oppon5t f ,ti]ce    
attempts a ,man*ette 9 ,c>te )draw ! arm
 7p>ade retrograde7 & deliv] ! v]tical  
,cut 9 ,ti]ce d[nw>ds at 8 ext5d$ arm2  
bo? movem5ts be+ comb9$ 9 "o4 ,x is n   
necess>y ev5 ) ! talle/ man to )draw !  
"r leg2 ! ,cut w amply suffice4 ,?is    
,ti]ce ,cut s]ves to def5d f all attacks
 :5 ! ,gu>d does n cov] ! adv]s>y2 & x  
has lopp$ (f _m a c>eless arm4 ,if sl[ly

 done x becomes a m]e p>ade & ripo/4    
,,iii4 ,! ,rev]se ,cut-upw>ds1 ,rev]s en
 montant1 ,rovescio montante1 ,g]4      
,rev]s montant4--,y fe9t 9 ,seconde2 !  
oppon5t comes to its p>ry & replies 9   
,ti]ce2 y )draw ! arm1 leav+ ! heels z  
!y 71 & cut upw>ds ) ! false edge1      
tight5+ ! grasp ( ?umb & =e-f+]s z mu* z
 possible4 ,?is movem5t is especially   
useful2 x is "o ( ! be/ ( ,"t ,cuts1 :5 
! adv]s>y indulges 9 long & complicat$  
fe9ts & false attacks4 ,x may be done ) 
! true edge1 b ! latt] is less safe4    
,,iv4 ,! ,"t ,pass2 :i* is m]ely 8,!    
,pass0 turn$ into a ,"t ,cut4 ,:5 !     
oppon5t attempts a 8,man*ette0 or any   
movem5t 9 ,seconde1 & expects y to reply
 by a "t ,cut 9 ,ti]ce ) ! true edge1   
turn ! knuckles up 79 old ,ti]ce71 sweep
 ! blade ov] 8 sword-arm z close z      
possible to y\r "r leg1 f left to "r1 ) 
! arm well rais$1 & return+ f "r to left
 ) a simil> sweep1 b ) ! blade held     
high]1 cut 9 ,c>te ) ! false edge &     
close to ! po9t inside 8 wri/4 ,! true  

edge may be us$1 b1 aga91 x wa/es "t4 ,!
 d\ble sweep possible z 9 8,! ,pass10 b 
x causes too mu* exposure4  ,?is ,"t    
,pass may also be done ) ! h& held high 
9 ,prime or r 8demi-circle0 ) ! nails   
turn$ up1 ! arm out/ret*$1 & ! po9t     
l[]$4 ,9 ?is case ! leg mu/ be %ift$    
till ! =e heel t\*es ! re> heel1 s z to 
give additional height to ! h&4 ,?is is 
n a ,rev]se or ,back ,cut z y use ! true
 edge2 x is 9 fact "o ( ! old movem5ts  
call$ 8,cutt+ )9 ! ,sword40    #f4      
,rsum4  ,! foll[+ is a synoptical table 
( ,man*ette or ,=e-arm play1 %[+ !      
,cuts1 ! ,gu>ds 7,p>ries7 = ! ,cuts1 & !
 ,ripo/s or replies t %\ld foll[ ea*    
,p>ade4 ,! ,in/ructor w rememb] t in/ead
 ( ,prime we use ,high ,ti]ce or ,high  
,c>te1 & = ,seconde ,l[ ,ti]ce or )draw+
 ! leg4   ,direct ,cuts4                
,,cut4                         ,,p>ry4  
,,ripo/4    #a4 ,c>te de ,man*ette4     
,,iv4 7,c>te74            ,,ii4         
7,seconde74    #b4 ,ditto & cut ,ti]ce4 
,,iv4 & ,,iii4 7,ti]ce74  ,,iii4    #c4 

,d\ble ,c>te de ,man*ette   ,,iv41      
,,iii4 & ,,iv4       ,,ii4        & cut 
,c>te4    #d4 ,d\ble ,c>te de ,man*ette 
,p>ade ,retrograde by    ,,iii4 or ,,iv4
        & cut ,ti]ce4             )draw+
 arm4   ,rev]se ,cuts4    #a4           
,half-fe9t4                 ,,ii4 or    
,,iii4             ,,iii4 or ,,iv4      
#b4 ,fe9t ,seconde & cut       ,,ii4    
,cut ) false        upw>ds4             
edge upw>ds4    #c4 ,fe9t ,ti]ce & cut  
,,iii4 & ,,ii4            ,,ii4         
upw>ds4    #d4 ,"o-two-?ree1 & cut      
,p>ade ,retrograde4      ,,iii4 or ,,iv4
        upw>ds4    #e4 ,! ,pass4        
,,ii4 & ,i4 7,prime74     ,,iii4   ,"t  
,cuts4    #a4 ,on all ,cuts 9 ,c>te4    
,p>ry ) "t 9 ,,iv4  ,,iv4               
7,c>te de                               
,man*ette74    #b4 ,on fe9ts 9 ,c>te    
end+   ,p>ade ,retrograde4      ,,iii4  
or ,,iv4        ) ,cuts 9 ,ti]ce4    #c4
 ,on ,cuts 9 ,ti]ce4          ,rev]se   
,cut upw>ds4    ,,iii4    #d4 ,on       
,rev]se ,cut upw>ds4     ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 

,,iv4    #e4 ,on ,cuts 9 ,seconde4      
,! ,"t ,pass4          ,,iii4   ,fe9ts (
 ,c\p 9 ,man*ette4    #a4 ,s+le ,c\p4   
,,iii4 or ,,iv4             ,,ii4    #b4
 ,"o-two 7  74              ,,iv4 &     
,,iii4            ,,iii4    #c4         
,"o-two-?ree4              ,,ii41 ,,iii4
 & ,,ii4       ,,iii4 or ,,iv4    #d4   
,"o-two-?ree-f\r4         ,p>ade        
,retrograde4      ,,iii4   ,fe9ts (     
,seconde 9 ,man*ette4    #a4 ,simple    
,seconde4             ,,ii4             
,,iii4    #b4 ,fe9t ,seconde & cut      
,,ii4 & ,,iii4            ,,iii4 or     
,,iv4        ,ti]ce    #c4 ,fe9t        
,seconde1 fe9t        ,,ii41 ,,iii4 &   
,,ii4       ,,iii4 or ,,iv4             
,ti]ce1 & cut ,c>te4    #d4 ,fe9t       
,seconde1 fe9t        ,p>ade            
,retrograde4      ,,iii4 or ,,iv4       
,ti]ce1 & cut ,seconde4   ,,conclusion4 
,i w end ?is sy/em ( ,man*ette ) ! words
 ( old ,a*ille ,m>ozzo1 writt5 "s ?ree  
c5turies & a half ago3 8,i w\ld t ye    
swe> ^u y\r sword-hilts nev] to use ?is 

k aga9/ me1 y\r ma/]40 ,b1 9 lieu (     
insi/+ t my read]s nev] tea* x )\t      
obta9+ =mal p]mission1 ,i only hope t !y
 w fav\r me by spread+ x f> & wide4     
,,app5dix4   ,9 p4 #bf allusion has be5 
made to an improv$ =m ( sabre h&le2 x 0 
fir/ attempt$ by ! ,capitano ,settimo   
del ,frate 9 ! "w be=e allud$ to4 ,!    
gallant (fic]'s ,plates %[ t 9 !        
,italian cavalry-sword ! upp] portion ( 
! h&le is at lea/ horizontal1 :]eas 9   
ours x droops backw>ds & d[nw>ds1 giv+ !
 grip additional facility = slipp+ out (
 ! swordsman's grasp4 ,! au?or's        
rem>ks#ah be+ ev5 m applicable to !     
,engli% milit>y sabre2 ,i give !m at    
full l5g?4  8,! equilibrium ( ! sabre1 &
 ! facility ( firmly grasp+ ! h&le1 are 
! two prime requisites = a good weapon4 
8,:5 prop]ly balanc$ & easily held1 !   
sword calls = less ex]tion ( /r5g?2 & ! 
quickness & true direction ( ! ,cuts are
 greatly facilitat$4 ,9 direct          
proportion to ! economy ( =ce1 we f9d ! 
swordsman enabl$ to cont9ue 8 ex]tion4  

8,h[ev] well made & sci5tifically pois$ 
be ! blade1 x is subject to sev]al      
v>iations ( equilibrium accord+ to !    
position 9 :i* x is held4  8,! ne>] !   
c5tre ( gravity approa*es ! hilt1 !     
light] & ! bett] balanc$ w be ! weapon1 
& vice v]s4#ai ,!re=e3  8,x %\ld be our 
pr9cipal object to effect ?is improvem5t
 )\t *ang+ ! prop] c5tre ( p]cussion & !
 o!r requisites = (f5ce & def5ce40  ,!  
foll[+ ,plates fully expla9 ! au?or's   
mean+4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4  ,sabre 
h&le actually us$ by ,italian cavalry4  
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4  ,capt4 ,del    
,frate's improvem5t4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #c4  ,capt4 ,del ,frate's la/     
modification4    a4 ,?umb-plate4   b4   
,re/ = ! little f+]4   c4 ,support = !  
index f+]4   ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4    
,improv$ h&le ) ?umb-gu>d4  7,r4 ,f4    
,burton47  ,illu/ration3 ,! h& grasp+ ! 
actual h&le4  ,! h& grasp+ ! modifi$    
h&le4  ,i w\ld fur!r modify 8 ,fig4 #a1 
s z to give m fulcrum to ! h&4 ,!       
?umb-plate %\ld be made weighty & ! gu>d

 light1 o!rwise ! blade w be            
ov]-balanc$1 t is1 heavi] on "o side ?an
 on ! o!r4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! grip
 be=e go+ into battle %\ld be :ipp$ r\nd
 ) ?9 :ipcord1 or bett] /ill1 )         
web-clo?4   ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,wm4
 ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet ,,&
 ,,*>+ ,,cross     ,,footnotes   #a ,!  
exceptions are 9 8,"r ,prove ,di/ance0  
7p4 #ac7 & ,no4 ,sev5 ,cut 7p4 #af74 ,9 
! o!r ,cuts ! ?umb 8grasps ! h&le40  #b 
,! ,fr5* divide l',escrime into two     
p>ts3 7#a7 ,escrime  l'pe1 or ,escrime  
po9te2 & 7#b7 ,escrime au sabre1 or     
,escrime contrepo9te4  #c ,! "q is      
consid]$ at great l5g? 9 my =?com+      
volume entitl$ #8,! ,sword3' "h x is    
suffici5t simply to /ate results4  #d   
,:5 e regim5t %all h its salle d'armes1 
! f5c] w modify 8 own f5c+ ?ru/s to suit
 ! clumsi] weapon4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 see   
any reason :y ! ?ree ,po9ts ( !         
,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise %\ld n be     
deliv]$ 9 ! posizione m$ia ( ! ,italian 
s*ool1 ) ! ?umb upw>ds & ext5d$ along ! 

back ( ! sword-h&le3 nor :y1 z 9 ! ,fr5*
 ,manuel1 !y %\ld n be r$uc$ to a s+le  
,c\p de ,po9te 7p4 #bci71 :i* is ?us    
describ$4 8,baiss] la po9te du sabre    
hauteur de la poitr9e et dploy] le bras 
en t\rnant la ma91 le p\ce en dess\s1 le
 tran*ant du sabre en dessus40  #e ,z   
,mr4 ,john ,la?am ju/ly says 78,! ,%ape 
( ,sword-blades10 #8,j\rnal ( ! ,royal  
,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1' vol4       
vi473--8,! prop] %ape = a ?ru/+ sword is
 pre-em95tly /raight40 ,! ,clay-m1 =    
in/ance1 mov+ 9 a direct l9e1 cuts a    
hole exactly ! size ( ! blade2 !        
,regulation sword1 slightly curv$1 wid5s
 x to ab\t d\ble1 & ! b5t scimit> & !   
,talwr1 to five or six times1 ?us meet+ 
) five or six times ! resi/ance to its  
p5etration4 ,mr4 ,la?am is aga9 quot$ 9 
ano!r "p ( ?is ,sy/em4  #f ,my only     
objections to ?is volume are ! two      
foll[+3--  7a7 ,! au?or w 8?r[ ! :ole   
weight ( ! body on ! left leg40 7,fig4  
#b1 p4 #fi47 ,yet 9 8 ,introductory     
,rem>ks 7p4 #e7 he s5sibly says1 8,to ! 

haun*es1 z to ! common c5tre ( motion ( 
! human figure1 are ultimately ref]r$   
all ! movem5ts p]=m$ 9 milit>y tactics0 
7& swordsman%ip72 8z j poise is         
important to ! correct ex]tion ( action1
 :atev] x may be1 x is necess>y t poise 
or balance be /udi$1 und]/ood1 & tri$ 9 
all positions4 ,x is cle> t bodily      
action _c possess compass1 p[]1 & ease1 
unless ! movem5t be made ju/ly &        
correctly ^u ! haun*es1 z on a c5tral   
pivot4 ,if ! movem5t h n compass1 p[]1 &
 ease2 =ce & endurance w n be f\nd 9 !  
,milit>y act40  7b7 ,9 ! ,lunge our     
au?or n only keeps ! body 8p]fectly     
erect10 he ev5 incl9es x backw>ds :il/  
he all[s bo? feet to ab&on ! p]p5dicul> 
9 ! mo/ slov5ly way3 see ,fig4 #b1 p4   
#gj1 & ,figs4 #a & #b1 p4 #ga4 ,! same  
is ! case ) ! (ficial #8,infantry ,sword
 ,ex]cise4'  #g ,my old fri5d &         
in/ructor set out ^u a ?or\ghly         
sci5tific pr9ciple1 & ! able way 9 :i*  
he has work$ out 8 sy/em w entitle him  
to ! gratitude ( ! po/]i4 ,hav+ e/abli%$

 ! fact t 9 all our popul> a?letic1 z   
oppos$ to gymna/ic1 ex]cises1 our walk+ 
& runn+1 cricket & football1 fives1     
t5nis1 & racquets1 & especially r[+--:i*
 has advanc$ z an art b has decl9$ z an 
ex]cise--we circumscribe ! l9e ( muscul>
 op]ation by giv+ ! greate/ %>e ( ! "w  
to ! l[] limbs1 & by develop+ "o half to
 ! injury ( ! o!r2 he resolv$ to        
cultivate ! :ole by a wid] & m v>i$     
range ( tra9+2 h5ce he supplem5t$       
8,recreative ex]cise0 by 8,educational  
ex]cise10 & h5ce 8 sy/ematiz$ national  
gymnasia1 :i*1 tak5 up by ,h4,r4,h4 !   
,duke ( ,cambridge & by ! late ,sidney  
,h]b]t1 h be5 introduc$ into ! milit>y  
/ations ( ! ,c>dwell sy/em1 into ,ox=d &
 ,cambridge1 & into all our public      
s*ools1 ) "o 8base exception0--,eton4   
,mr4 ,mac,laren1 9 8 #8,sy/em ( ,f5c+4' 
c4 7p4 #i71 s5sibly advocates 8re/+ !   
weight ( ! body equally ^u bo? legs40   
,he also l[]s ! "r h& 9 ! ,lunge 7p4    
#aa71 & 7ibid47 he ?r[s ! trunk =w>d1   
p]haps ) a little exagg]ation4  #h ,!   

#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise 7see !      
figures ov] ! ,t>get repres5t+ !        
8,prep>atory ,positions071 8,second     
,position 9 #b ,motions10 makes ,no4 #b 
turn ! left knee out in/ead ( c>ry+ x   
squ>e to ! front2 ! same may be rem>k$ 9
 8,balance ,motions0 7,no4 #d74  #i ,!  
,m\l9et 7,ital4 ,mol9etto7 is ev5 on    
horseback a fav\rite movem5t ) ,fr5*    
sabr]s 7,see ,rglem5t ,provisoire1 c41  
,tome ,i4 ,titres ,i4 et ,,ii474 ,x is  
divid$ into--  #a4 8 gau*e ,m\l9et0 7#a 
temps1 #b m\vem5ts74 ,! directions are3 
8 la d]nire p>tie du comm&em5t1 qui e/  
,,m\l9et1 t5dre le bras droit en avant  
de t\te sa longueur1 le poignet en ti]ce
 et  hauteur des yeux40  8,baiss] la    
lame en arrire du c\de gau*e p\r dcrire 
un circle d'arrire en avant 444 et se   
remettre en g>de40  #b4 8 droite        
,m\l9et0 7#a temps1 #b m\vem5ts74 8 la  
d]nire p>tie du comm&em5t1 qui e/       
,,m\l9et1 t5dre le bras droit en avant  
de t\te sa longueur1 le poignet en qu>te
 et  hauteur des yeux40  8,baiss] la    

lame en arrire du c\de droit p\r dcrire 
un circle d'arrire en avant 444 et se   
remettre en g>de40  #c4 8 gau*e et      
droite ,m\l9et0 7#a temps1 #b m\vem5ts74
 8 la d]nire p>tie du comm&em5t1 qui e/ 
,,m\l9et1 excut] le premi] m\vem5t de   
gau*e ,m\l9et40  8,excut] alt]nativem5t 
et sans s'arrt] sur aucun m\vem5t le    
,m\l9et  gau*e et le ,m\l9et  droite40  
8 gau*e et  droite  ,,m\l9et40  #d4 8   
droite et  gau*e ,m\l9et 7#a temps1 #b  
m\vem5ts74  la d]nire p>tie du          
comm&em5t1 qui e/ ,,m\l9et1 excut] le   
premi] m\vem5t de  droite ,m\l9et4      
8,excut] alt]nativem5t et sans s'arrt]  
sur aucun m\vem5t1 le ,m\l9et  droite et
 le ,m\l9et  gau*e40    8 droite et     
gau*e  ,,m\l9et40  #e4 8,en arrire      
,m\l9et 7#a temps1 #b m\vem5ts74  la    
d]nire p>tie du comm&em5t1 qui e/       
,,m\l9et1 lev] le bras en arrire  droite
 de t\te sa longueur1 la po9te du sabre 
en l'air1 le tran*ant  droite1 le p\ce  
allong sur le dos de la poigne1 le corps
 lgrem5t t\rn  droite40  8,dcrire un    

circle en arrire de gau*e  droite1 le   
poignet loign du corps le plus possible1
 et se remettre en g>de40    8,en arrire
  ,,m\l9et40  8,les cavali]s1 excutant  
bi5 les ,m\l9ets1 on leur en fait faire 
plusieurs de suite1 en faisant prcd] cet
 ex]cice de l'indication2 les ,m\l9ets  
cont9u]ont jusq'au comm&em5t3 ,,en      
,,g>de4  8,les ,m\l9ets ayant p\r objet 
d'ass\plir les articulations du bras et 
du poignet1 il faut que les cavali]s y  
soi5t ex]cs comme prp>ation aux autres  
m\vem5ts2 on comm5ce et on f9it donc    
*aque leon p> des ,m\l9ets excuts  un   
degr de vitesse proportionn aux progrs  
des cavali]s40  #aj ,9 ! ,regulation    
sword ! 8c5tre ( p]cussion0 is ab\t     
"o-?ird f ! po9t2 "h !re is no          
vibration1 & consequ5tly ! ,cut ex]cises
 its :ole =ce4 ,! 8c5tre ( gravity0 is 9
 ! ?ird ne>e/ ! hilt1 & ! 8balance0 ( ! 
sword results f ! relative positions ( !
 two c5tres4 ,9 light swords ^! po9ts   
may be f>!r ap>t ?an 9 heavy blades2 !y 
%\ld be clos] 9 /raight ?an 9 curv$     

swords1 & ne>] 9 ?ru/+ ?an 9 cutt+      
weapons4  #aa ,! foll[+ are ! five      
pr9cipal ways ( cutt+3--  #a4 ,! ,*opp+ 
or ,d[nright ,cut1 f ! %\ld] & =e-arm4  
,?is appe>s to be ! in/9ctive me?od     
pres]v$ by ,europe2 mo/ m5 :o take up a 
sword = ! fir/ "t use x 9 ?is way4  #b4 
,! ,slid+ ,cut1 common ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4  
,9 ?is movem5t ! elb[ & wri/ are held   
/iff & ! bl[ is giv5 f ! /rong muscles (
 ! back & %\ld]1 ne>ly t5 times l>g] ?an
 ! muscles ( ! arm1 :ile ! :ole =ce &   
weight ( ! body are ?r[n 94 ,h5ce ! p ( 
,india use small hilts ) m]e            
crut*-gu>ds1 :i* conf9e ! h& & prev5t ! 
play ( ! wri/2 ! l>g] grip requir$ = !  
,*opp+ ,cut only less5s ! cutt+ =ce4 ,! 
t]rible effect ( ^! cuts is well kn[n4  
#c4 ,! ,?ru/ ,cut1 ) ! curv$            
78,damascus07 blade2 a comb9ation ( po9t
 & edge1 ! latt] be+ obliquely ?ru/ =w>d
 & along ! body aim$ at4 ,?is movem5t is
 a fav\rite on horseback1 :5 spe$       
supplies ! necess>y =ce1 :i* c h>dly be 
appli$ on foot4 ,x mu/ be p>ri$ l a     

,po9t4  #d4 ,! ,:ip ,cut2 9 :i* ! arm & 
elb[ are kept almo/ motionless1 & ! bl[ 
is deliv]$ f ! wri/4 ,?is is ! pr9cipal 
,cut all[$ 9 my sy/em2 x is capable (   
suffici5t effect ^u ! oppon5t :il/ x    
does n uncov] ! swordsman :o uses x4    
#e4 ,! ,draw+ or ,rev]se ,cut1 :i* w be 
expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ pages2 x is ! rev]se 
( ! 8,?ru/ ,cut40  #ab ,?is fact is well
 kn[n to ! ,manuel1 :i* says1 8,des deux
 engagem5ts celui de droite p> la       
position de la ma9 a le plus            
d'application40 ,x !re=e makes all !    
,cuts & ,p>ries beg9 f ,ti]ce4 ,?is     
elem5t>y rule is n recogniz$ by !       
#8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise' 7p4 #cb72  
8y\r def5ce is always m effective 9 !   
left 7,c>te7 ?an 9 ! "r 7,ti]ce740 ,su* 
,i ass]t is ! case ) ! foil & rapi]1    
c]ta9ly n ) ! sabre or broadsword4 ,on  
horseback ! left is ( c\rse ! weak side4
  #ac ,us$ 9 ?is s5se ! 8small-sword0 is
 ! triangul> weapon1 ! rapi] is ! flat1 
or r ! bi-convex blade4  #ad ,9 p4 #bi (
 ! #8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise' we read 

( 8a circul> motion ( ! blade1 t]m$ !   
,p>ry20 b ! latt] ^w mu/ n be limit$ to 
?is s5se4  #ae ,! only allusion to x is 
! 8%ift+ ( ! leg10 9 p4 #cj4  #af ,see !
 #8,infantry ,sword ,ex]cise1' p4 #ca4  
#ag ,9 ,france ! false edge is h>dly    
kn[n2 su* blades are call$  deux        
tran*ants2 x is ! ,italian s*i5a or *9e1
 mezzo-filo1 or falso oppos$ to v]o     
taglio1 & ! ,g]man1 rcks*neide or       
kurzes*neide1 ?us di/+ui%$ f !          
lange-s*neide4  #ah ,see 8 ,app5dix1    
entitl$ 8,modificazione all' impugnatura
 e gu>dia delle ,sciabola di cavall]ia  
p] facilit>ne l'equilibrio ed           
avantaggi>e la f]mezza della mano sull' 
impugnatura40  #ai ,a notable in/ance ( 
?is is ! old ,highl& ,clay-m4           
,transcrib]'s ,notes   ,simple          
typographical errors 7 correct$4        
,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7    
made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 
f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n   
*ang$4