----------------------------------------
------------------------------          
,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture  
,bureau ( ,biological ,survey           
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,wildlife ,rese>* & ,managem5t ,leaflet 
,,bs-#ed                                
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------------------------------          
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4                       
,rev41 ,decemb] #aicf                   
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,,rod5t ,,control ,,aid$ ,,by ,,em]g5cy 
,,cons]vation ,,"w           ,by ,/anley
 ,p4 ,"y1 ,*ief1 ,division ( ,game      
,managem5t     ,cont5ts                 
,page    ,ne$ = rod5t control           
#a   ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local coop]ation  
#b   ,tra9+ ( ,e4,c4,w4 crews           
#b   ,timel9ess ( em]g5cy aid           
#c   ,=e/ & =age protection             
#c   ,aid 9 erosion control             
#d   ,examples ( b5efits d]iv$          
#d   ,safegu>d+ h>mless species         

#e   ,control "w illu/rat$              
#f     ,prairie dogs                    
#g     ,gr\nd squirrels                 
#ac     ,pocket goph]s                  
#ae     ,kang>oo rats                   
#bj     ,rabbits & h>es                 
#be     ,porcup9es                      
#bg     ,a typical ,e4,c4,w4 crew       
#cj   ,ne$ = ,rod5t ,control  ,!        
,em]g5cy ,cons]vation ,"w ,program has  
be5 ( ine/imable value 9 ! control (    
prairie dogs1 gr\nd squirrels1 pocket   
goph]s1 kang>oo rats1 rabbits1 &        
porcup9es4 ,! citiz5s ( ! ,we/ h be5 =c$
 to c>ry on campaigns = ! control ( ^!  
rod5ts s9ce ! settl]s fir/ /ak$ out     
claims on ! prairies4 ,to ! agricultural
 int]e/s ( ! ,we/ ! control ( rod5ts is 
z vital z is ! prop] spray+ ( trees     
?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ to prev5t damage by      
insects4 ,^! small mammals cov] ! we/]n 
ranges by c\ntless ?\s&s1 & control is  
necess>y if crops are to be gr[n4       
,rod5t control is no?+ new4 ,records    
indicate t z e>ly z #ahjh1 /ry*n9e 0    

%ipp$ by boat ar\nd ,cape ,horn to !    
,santa ,b>b>a ,mission1 ,calif41 9 ord] 
t ! e>ly settl]s might kill (f ! gr\nd  
squirrels4 ,a con/ant fight has be5 wag$
 ev]1 s9ce1 b un=tunately1 :ile ! l&[n]s
 7 will+ to f9ance ! kill+ ( squirrels  
on _! own hold+s1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t    
provid$ inadequate funds to take c>e ( !
 va/ areas ( public doma91 national     
=e/s1 ,indian res]vations1 & o!r ,f$]al 
hold+s4   ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & ,local       
,coop]ation  ,:5 ! ,em]g5cy ,cons]vation
 ,"w ,program came into be+1 ! ,=e/     
,s]vice1 ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs1 !
 ,bureau ( ,reclamation1 ! ,division (  
,graz+1 & ! ,bureau ( ,biological       
,survey took ! opportunity to treat a   
va/ acreage t w\ld h be5 treat$ ye>s ago
 _h funds p]mitt$4 ,dur+ ! ?ree fiscal  
ye>s #aicd to #aicf a total ( almo/     
#bj1jjj1jjj acres _h be5 cov]$ by       
,e4,c4,w4 = ! control ( ^! v>i\s rod5t  
pe/s4 ,on ! /atute books ( sev]al ,we/]n
 ,/ates rod5t-control laws provide t    
l&[n]s may e/abli% rod5t-control        

di/ricts :]e9 all l&s are treat$        
simultane\sly by paid crews work+ "u !  
sup]vision ( ! ,biological ,survey4     
,nev] be=e ! ,e4,c4,w4 program 7 !re    
adequate ,f$]al funds to make ^! laws   
effective by tak+ prop] c>e ( infe/$    
public l&s adjac5t to private hold+s4   
,! mo/ concrete pro( ( ! necessity (    
rod5t control is f\nd 9 ! am\nt ( money 
exp5d$ by private individuals ?r\gh\t ! 
,we/ = ?is purpose4 ,! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1
 :ile own+ z mu* z #fj p]c5t ( ! l& 9 _m
 ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 contributes only    
ab\t #be p]c5t ( ! total co/ (          
rod5t-control op]ations4 ,dur+ ! fiscal 
ye> #aicf1 ,/ates1 c\nties1 & private   
individuals exp5d$ #ffe1ghe = ! purpose1
 :ile ! ,biological ,survey 0 able to   
exp5d only #bbf1fbc f regul>            
appropriations4 ,! ,e4,c4,w4 program    
af=d$ ! fir/ opportunity ( some:]e ne>  
meet+ ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t's obligations  
to ! citiz5s ( ! ,we/ 9 ! matt] (       
adequately controll+ ! rod5t pe/s t bre$
 & range on public l&s & f ^! /rongholds

 infe/ & re9fe/ adjac5t private hold+s4 
,tra9+ ( ,e4,c4,w4 ,crews  ,rod5t       
control is "o ( ! mo/ popul> projects ) 
,e4,c4,w4 enrollees !mselves z well z ) 
! local p b5efit$4 ,9 _m cases1 crew    
=em5 suppli$ by ! ,survey took boys :o  
w\ld n "w satisfactorily on any o!r type
 ( project & made real h&s ( !m on      
rod5t-control crews4 ,! boys lik$ to "w 
9 ^! crews1 z x af=d$ !m opportunity to 
become acqua9t$ n only ) me?ods ( rod5t 
control b ) ! v>i\s habits ( wildlife z 
well4  ,9 ord] to employ prop] me?ods & 
place all possible safegu>ds ar\nd      
poison+ op]ations = ! protection (      
b5eficial & h>mless species1 !          
,biological ,survey has insi/$ ^u       
approv+ ! appo9tm5ts ( all m5 employ$ on
 ! sup]vision ( rod5t-control "w = its  
v>i\s coop]at+ ag5cies4 ,?is is = !     
reason t :5 poison+ campaigns are       
prop]ly h&l$ & c>efully sup]vis$1 !re is
 little dang] ( ! accid5tal poison+ (   
o!r animals4 ,! records indicate t !re h
 be5 practically no cases ( de/ruction (

 o!r =ms ( life ?r\gh ! ,e4,c4,w4       
rod5t-control program4 ,naturally1 !    
sup]visors n only mu/ "k rod5t control b
 also mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! habits & /atus
 ( wildlife 9 g5]al1 & 9 h&l+ ! crews !y
 h imp>t$ k to ! beys t w be ( p]man5t  
b5efit to !m & to ! ,nation4            
,educational programs 7 provid$ z       
regul>ly z possible1 9 ord] to tell !   
,c4,c4,c4 enrollees ( v>i\s wildlife    
problems4 ,! entire p]sonnel ( ,e4,c4,w4
 camps 7 %[n films depict+ ! "w (       
beav]s1 %[+ measures = ! protection (   
elk1 de]1 & o!r big-game animals1 &     
portray+ ! ne$ ( sane1 s5sible          
cons]vation me?ods1 9 ord] t ! remnants 
( our fa/-vani%+ =ms ( valuable wildlife
 might be pres]v$4 ,mimeograph$ leaflets
 on wildlife managem5t /udies 7 made up 
by di/rict ag5ts ( ! ,survey = ! boys 9 
ord] t !y might be giv5 z broad         
in/ructions z possible 9 ! protection & 
pres]vation ( species t are an asset r  
?an a liability to man's int]e/4 ,x has 
be5 ! attempt ( ! ,biological ,survey to

 make ! rod5t-control project a field   
laboratory = ! education ( ! enrollees 9
 natural hi/ory & wildlife managem5t1 & 
! popul>ity ( ! project among ! boys    
atte/s to ! wisdom ( ?is c\rse4 ,9 _m   
camps m applications = places on        
rod5t-control crews 7 receiv$ ?an !re 7 
places to fill4   ,timel9ess ( ,em]g5cy 
,aid  ,=tunately1 ! ,e4,c4,w4 program   
came at ! mo/ opportune "t4 ,! extreme  
dr\ght ?r\gh\t ! we/ _h =c$ rod5ts f !  
op5 l&s into adjac5t irrigat$ valleys & 
m\nta9 mead[s1 :]e !y became especially 
objectionable 9 _! competition )        
live/ock = ! available =age4 ,live/ock &
 rod5ts toge!r1 dur+ dry p]iods1 h 9 _m 
places almo/ entirely d5ud$ ! surface   
soil ( its vegetation4 ,?is has caus$ ! 
beg9n+ ( %eet erosion 9 areas :]e !re   
w\ld /ill be ample =age = live/ock _h x 
n be5 = ! excessive numb]s ( rod5ts4 ,on
 _m areas1 graz+ by live/ock & rod5ts   
comb9$ has practically elim9at$ ! native
 grasses1 & ^! are n[ be+ replac$ ) we$s
 & poison\s plants4 ,damage 9 "s        

in/ances has am\nt$ to at lea/ #ge p]c5t
 ( ! available =age1 & ! av]age loss has
 probably be5 approximately #be p]c5t4  
,on "s ( ! ,indian res]vations ( !      
,s\?we/1 ! condition has be5 pitiful4   
,on ! ,navajo ,res]vation1 9 p>ticul>1 !
 ,indians h c>ri$ on a los+ fight aga9/ 
dr\ght & rod5ts4 ,x has (t5 be5 necess>y
 = !m to replant _! corn ?ree & f\r     
times a season1 s9ce kang>oo rats & o!r 
native rod5ts dig up ! k]nels z rapidly 
z !y are plant$4 ,prior to ! spr+ (     
#aicf1 !re _h be5 f\r ye>s ( dr\ght1 &  
?is1 c\pl$ ) rod5t damage1 _h r$uc$ corn
 production to ! po9t :]e ! ,indians _h 
b>ely en\gh = ! spr+ se$+4 ,all 7       
clamor+ = aid1 & 9 ord] to save _! la/  
crop ( corn x 0 necess>y to detail a    
=eman ) f\r or five ,e4,c4,w4 ,indians  
to g f f>m to f>m & conduct             
rod5t-control op]ations4   ,=e/ & ,=age 
,protection  ,! ,=e/ ,s]vice is         
endeavor+ to c>ry on a re=e/ation       
program ?r\gh\t mu* ( ! cut-ov] area 9 !
 ,lake ,/ates & ! ,pacific ,nor?we/4 ,"o

 ( ! *ief problems to successful        
re=e/ation is ! control ( rod5ts1       
p>ticul>ly ! sn[%oe h>e4 ,9 ! ,olympic  
,=e/ 9 ,wa%+ton1 ! sn[%oe h>e has       
de/roy$ z mu* z #dj p]c5t & damag$ #gj  
p]c5t ( ! ,d\glas fir se$l+s4 ,9        
,mi*igan & ,wiscons91 x 0 necess>y to   
c>ry on ext5sive rod5t-control op]ations
 to p]mit ! se$l+s to survive4 ,mu* (   
?is "w w\ld nev] h be5 possible b =     
,e4,c4,w4 help4  ,9 ! op5 area1 jack    
rabbits h become a s]i\s pe/4 ,!        
,biological ,survey1 9 #aicd1 receiv$ a 
petition be>+ ! signatures ( m ?an      
#h1jjj individuals ( ea/]n ,colorado1   
reque/+ ,gov]nm5t aid 9 kill+ jack      
rabbits1 :i* 7 ravag+ ! meag] /ocks (   
=age left aft] dr\ght & w9d _h tak5 _!  
toll4  ,! ,=e/ ,s]vice recogniz$ t rod5t
 control w\ld be ess5tial if ! ,pla9s   
,%elt]belt program ( plant+ trees f !   
,canadian bord] to ,texas 0 to be       
effective1 & 9 #aice approximately      
"o-t5? ( its entire appropriation = !   
program 0 exp5d$ = rod5t control "u !   

sup]vision ( ! ,biological ,survey4     
,crews patroll$ ! plant$ areas con/antly
 to prev5t ! gnaw+ ( ! se$l+s by jack   
rabbits & pocket goph]s4   ,aid 9       
,erosion ,control  ,! p]man5t b5efits   
accru+ f ! ,e4,c4,w4 rod5t-control      
program h be5 enorm\s f ! /&po9t (      
erosion control alone4 ,an associate    
range exam9] ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice has !     
foll[+ to say reg>d+ ! effect ( rod5ts  
on erosion 9 ! ,boise wat]%$ ( ,idaho3  
,rod5ts1 num]\s & spread+ ov] ne>ly #hj 
p]c5t ( ! ,boise   wat]%$1 h und\bt$ly  
be5 responsible = no small "p (   !     
pres5t erosion4 ,:olly dep5d5t ^u !     
h]bace\s plants =   _! food supply1 _!  
trem5d\s numb]s1 along ) ov]-graz+   by 
live/ock & unfavorable climate1 h be5 an
 important   contribut+ factor 9 deplet+
 ?is cov]1 & ?us h greatly   r$uc$ !    
protection af=d$ ! soil & subject$ x ! m
 to   increas$ %eet erosion4 ,ev5 light 
ra9s on rod5t-infe/$ areas   are likely 
to />t cutt+1 :i* may develop into      
de/ructive gully   erosion because ( !  

almo/ imm$iate accumulation ( run-(fs 9 
! myriads ( burr[s & *annels :i* ^!     
animals con/ruct   j "u ! surface ( !   
soil4  ,! control ( rod5ts is vital to !
 successful op]ation ( reclamation      
projects 9 ! we/]n ?ird ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates4 ,rod5ts1 p>ticul>ly pocket      
goph]s1 f9d ! banks ( irrigation canals 
an ideal location = _! burr[s & runways4
 ,^! subt]ranean passageways frequ5tly  
are ! cause ( s]i\s breaks 9 canals1    
?r\gh :i* ! fl[ ( irrigation wat] is    
div]t$ & wa/$ to flood adjac5t l&s1     
de/roy+ valuable crops1 & indirectly    
ru9+ o!rs by caus+ delays 9 deliv]y (   
wat]4 ,?r\gh ! ,e4,c4,w4 program1       
,c4,c4,c4 crews work+ "u ! direction (  
exp]i5c$ =em5 tra9$ by ! ,biological    
,survey h greatly r$uc$ ?is m5ace4 ,9 ! 
pa/ ye> alone half a million acres (    
canal banks & contigu\s l&s 7 treat$ by 
,c4,c4,c4 rod5t-control crews ) a       
?or\ghness t w be ( la/+ b5efit to !    
nation's reclamation projects4          
,examples ( ,b5efits ,d]iv$  ,a few     

concrete examples w illu/rate ! great   
good t has result$ f ! ,e4,c4,w4        
rod5t-control program4 ,a gr\p ( f>m]s  
liv+ at ,spr+field1 ,idaho1 sugge/$ to !
 camp sup]9t5d5t !re t ! jack rabbit    
control "w done by ! ,e4,c4,w4 crew dur+
 ! summ] ( #aice might pay ! co/ ( !    
camp4 ,x is e/imat$ t n less ?an        
#fjj1jjj rabbits 7 kill$ by ?is crew on 
public l&s adjac5t to f>m+ areas betwe5 
,am]ican ,falls & ,morel&1 ,idaho4 ,! "w
 af=d$ protection to n less ?an half a  
million doll>s wor? ( cultivat$ crops & 
to m ?an #ge1jjj acres ( graz+ l&s4  ,! 
control "w c>ri$ on by an ,e4,c4,w4 crew
 ne> ,web] ,lake1 ,calif41 9 #aicc has  
be5 responsible = a #ej p]c5t comeback (
 ! grass on a l>ge m\nta9 mead[1 :i* _h 
be5 made a du/ heap because ( pocket    
goph] work+s4 ,! pocket goph]s _h       
honeycomb$ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & %eep  
_h trampl$ out mo/ ( ! grass1 :ile      
live/ock graz+ _h be5 r$uc$ to a        
negligible figure4 ,! re/oration 9 two  
ye>s 0 due prim>ily to ! elim9ation ( ! 

pocket goph]s4  ,to control prairie dogs
 9 ,oklahoma1 an area1 ( #dg1jjj acres 9
 ,pawnee1 ,noble1 & ,kay ,c\nties 0     
treat$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,e4,c4,w4 ,!   
,indian l&s "h are int]sp]s$ ) private  
l&s1 & ! l&[n]s 7 unable to make any    
progress 9 a g5]al clean up because !re 
7 insuffici5t ,f$]al funds to treat !   
,indian l&s until ! ,e4,c4,w4 project   
af=d$ opportunity to c>ry on a sy/ematic
 campaign ov] ! entire area4 ,a good    
piece ( "w 0 accompli%$1 & ?is1 9       
conjunction ) wat] developm5ts1 made !  
grass s mu* bett] ov] ^! old prairie dog
 t[ns 9 ! spr+ ( #aice t ! ,indian      
,s]vice (ficials at ,pawnee receiv$ an  
increas$ r5tal ( #be c5ts an acre on _! 
graz+ l&s4 ,on areas :]e !y receiv$ #ej 
c5ts an acre 9 #aicd1 !y receiv$ #ge    
c5ts 9 #aice1 a direct increase 9       
receipts to ! ,f$]al ,treasury4  ,!     
p]man5t b5efit accru+ to ! ,indians f   
,e4,c4,w4 rod5t control is summ$ up z   
foll[s by an ,agricultural ,ext5sion    
ag5t ( ! ,indian ,s]vice1 at ,anad>ko1  

,oklahoma3    ,no little /ress c be     
plac$ ^u ! f9ancial value ( !           
rod5t-control project to ! ,indians4 ,! 
,indian enrollees receiv$   ! labor     
b5efit on bo? ,indian & de$$ l& ?r\gh\t 
!   res]vation b /ill great] ?an !      
tempor>y labor relief1 !   ,indian has  
receiv$ a la/+ increase 9 ! f9ancial    
r5tal ( 8   l&4 ,due to su* heavy       
prairie dog infe/ation ( ! allott$ l&   
x _h become necess>y to r$uce ! r5tal   
value ( ! grass l&   infe/$4 ,n[ t !    
prairie dogs h be5 controll$ ! r5tal    
value w be increas$ by approximately #aj
 c5ts or m p] acre   because ! pa/ures w
 regrass & ! c>ry+ capacity w be        
increas$4 ,9 comp>+ ?is increase 9 r5tal
 value ) ! co/   ( controll+ ! prairie  
dogs1 ! ,indians w reap ! f9ancial      
b5efit ( ! ,gov]nm5t exp5ditures 9 two  
or ?ree ye>s4   ,!re=e1 ?is project has 
c]ta9ly be5 ( utmo/ value to !          
res]vation & ! ,ext5sion ,division 9    
help+ ! ,indian to help   himself4      
,safegu>d+ ,h>mless ,species  ,"s p]sons

 un9=m$ z to ! ne$ = rod5t control & !  
me?ods foll[$ by ! ,biological ,survey 9
 c>ry+ on ! "w h /at$ t control by use (
 poison & ,c4,c4,c4 work]s endang]s !   
exi/5ce ( o!r =ms ( wildlife4 ,?is1     
h[ev]1 is n ! case4 ,! ,biological      
,survey has /udi$ rod5t-control me?ods =
 m ?an tw5ty ye>s & 9 ?is p]iod x has   
develop$ ! mo/ sci5tific & selective    
poisons possible4 ,sci5tific            
inve/igations conduct$ by ! ,bureau are 
br++ increas+ k ( ! habits (            
economically injuri\s species & ( _!    
physiological reaction to v>i\s baits4  
,?is has made x possible to use m & m   
specific control me?ods & s to select1  
prep>e1 & expose poison baits z n       
s]i\sly to endang] animals o!r ?an ^? = 
:i* ! baits are int5d$4 ,:5 ^! sci5tific
 me?ods are c>ri$ out "u direct         
sup]vision ( tra9$ p]sonnel1 ! total    
numb] ( b5eficial species de/roy$ is    
negligible4  ,! ,biological ,survey is a
 cons]vation organization & w und]take  
no "w t w be detrim5tal to any species (

 animal n int]f]+ too greatly ) !       
int]e/s ( man4 ,^? conv]sant ) actual   
conditions 9 ! range ,/ates realize t if
 agriculture is to survive1 ! control ( 
injuri\s rod5ts is z ess5tial z is      
control ( ! corn bor]1 ! *9* bug1 ! boll
 weevil1 ! gras%opp]1 ! coddl+ mo?1 &   
num]\s o!r agricultural pe/s4 ,! ,survey
 insi/s t 9 conduct+ "w ( ?is sort1 !   
mo/ c>eful sup]vision by tra9$          
te*nicians mu/ be giv54 ,all coop]at+   
ag5cies recognize ! necessity = su*     
sup]vision1 & z a result a mo/ wor?-:ile
 program has be5 c>ri$ on dur+ ! pa/    
?ree fiscal ye>s4 ,! ,biological ,survey
 has ent]$ into writt5 coop]ative       
und]/&+s ) ! v>i\s gov]nm5tal ag5cies "u
 :i* rod5t-control activities h be5     
conduct$4 ,^! agreem5ts place !         
responsibility = te*nically sup]vis+ all
 rod5t-control activities 9 ! h&s ( !   
,bureau1 leav+ ! coop]at+ ag5cies       
responsible = adm9i/ration4   ,control  
,"w ,illu/rat$  ,! illu/rations on !    
foll[+ pages tell bett] ?an w\ld volumes

 ( writt5 words1 ! /ory ( rod5t damage &
 ( coop]ative "w to r$uce ?is damage4   
,,prairie ,,dogs  ,f\r ye>s exp]im5tal  
/udy 9 nor!rn ,arizona %[$ t prairie    
dogs de/roy #fj p]c5t ( ! :eat grass1   
#ii p]c5t ( ! dropse$1 & #hc p]c5t ( !  
grama grass1 or #hj p]c5t ( ! total     
pot5tial annual production ( =age4 ,!   
possible de/ruction ( f\r-fif?s ( !     
=age1 or ev5 a f> small] proportion1 is 
s]i\s en\gh at any "t1 b 9 p]iods (     
dr\ght x is likely to be calamit\s4  ,! 
foll[+ pictures %[ typical prairie dog  
infe/ation4  ,illu/ration  ,prairie dog 
m\nds on ab&on$ ,indian f>m1 ,s\!rn     
,navajo ,res]vation1 ,arizona4          
,illu/ration  ,area practically d5ud$ ( 
grass by prairie dog--,wescal]o ,indian 
,res]vation1 ,new ,mexico4  ,illu/ration
  ,dogs on lea% & t9 cans rattl+ 9 ! w9d
 are "s ( ! primitive me?ods employ$ by 
,indians 9 futile attempt to save crops 
f ravages ( prairie dogs 9 ! ,s\?we/4   
,illu/ration  ,illu/ration  ,indian     
cornfield totally de/roy$ by prairie    

dogs4  ,illu/ration  ,cotton & corn     
fields damag$ by prairie dogs 9 nor?we/ 
,texas4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration     
,side ( bas9 d5ud$ by prairie           
dogs--deva/ation be+ rapidly complet$ by
 erosion4 ,co*etopa ,=e/1 ,colorado4    
,illu/ration  ,prairie dogs prep>e an   
ideal condition = ! />t ( %eet erosion  
on hillsides by d5udation ( vegetative  
cov]4 ,note lack ( vegetation4 ,erosion 
once />t$ is accel]at$ by o!r factors z 
%[n on page #aa4  ,illu/ration          
,illu/ration  ,ov]graz+1 w9d1 & flood-- 
,illu/ration  result+ 9 gullies &       
arroyos4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration3   
,int]pret] expla9+ to ,indian f>m] 9    
,arizona h[ to expose poison$ gra94 ,!  
,indian1 at ! left1 /at$ t he pick$ up  
#ahj dead prairie dogs ov] an area      
e/imat$ at ab\t #bjj acres ar\nd 8 #dh  
acre f>m4  ,,gr\nd ,,squirrels          
,illu/ration3 ,gr\nd squirrel damage4   
,semides]t type c\ntry4 ,note squirrel  
at m\? ( burr[4  ,illu/ration3 ,e4,c4,w4
 gr\nd squirrel control crew--,payette  

,national ,=e/1 ,idaho4  ,illu/ration3  
,e4,c4,w4 crew at "w on ,umatilla       
,national ,=e/1 ,wa%+ton4  ,illu/ration 
,gr\nd squirrel burr[s become wat]ways  
dur+ a ra9 & are ! beg9n+ ( ?is type (  
erosion4  ,illu/ration  ,papago ,indian 
,res]vation1 ,arizona4  ,,pocket        
,,goph]s  ,illu/ration3 ,typical m\nta9 
range l&1 heavily infe/$ ) pocket       
goph]s--,davis ,lake1 ,oregon--be=e     
treatm5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,same area "o  
ye> lat] aft] pocket goph]s 7 br\ght "u 
control & native grasses _h _h a *ance  
to rese$4  ,illu/ration3 ,f>m l&        
infe/ation--,texas4 ,m\nds repres5t     
pocket goph] work+s4  ,illu/ration3     
,m\nta9 mead[ 9 ,utah4 ,picture tak5 j  
aft] sn[ _h melt$ 9 spr+4 ,ridges ( dirt
 %[ ext5t ( pocket goph] op]ations "u   
sn[ 9 w9t]4  ,illu/ration3 ,pocket goph]
 infe/ation--,l\isiana4  ,illu/ration3  
,break 9 t]race caus$ by pocket goph]s  
burr[+ ?r\gh embankm5t4  ,illu/ration3  
,pocket goph] infe/ation along highway4 
,illu/ration3 ,flood wat] />t+ ?r\gh a  

pocket goph] burr[ pass$ "u a cem5t     
highway1--  ,illu/ration3 ,flood$ ! b>r[
 pit on ! opposite side ( road1 & p\r$  
into f>m]'s field1 leav+ a deep wa% z a 
monum5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,damage />t+ f  
pocket goph] hole 9 irrigation canal    
bank--   ,illu/ration3 ,soon results 9  
bad breaks caus+ exp5sive repairs & loss
 to crops ?r\gh failure ( irrigation    
wat]4--  ,illu/ration3 ,& is (t5        
responsible = />t ( gullies4  ,,kang>oo 
,,rats  ,kang>oo rats ab\nd on millions 
( acres ( des]t & semides]t range & f>m 
l&s4 ,on ranges t h be5 ov]graz$1       
kang>oo rats mu/ be controll$ be=e      
rese$+ c be accompli%$1 z !y ga!r & /ore
 practically all ( ! se$ )9 a radius (  
#ajj y>ds f _! burr[s4  ,illu/ration3   
,close-up ( typical kang>oo rat d54     
,illu/ration3 ,%[+ plot protect$ f bo?  
live/ock & kang>oo rats4  ,illu/ration3 
,plot %[+ graz+ by kang>oo              
rats--live/ock be+ exclud$4             
,illu/ration3 ,area on left ( f5ce      
subject to graz+ by bo? live/ock &      

kang>oo rats4 ,on "r ( f5ce %[s         
protection f bo? live/ock & rod5ts4     
,illu/ration3 ,op5 range--note lack (   
native grasses4  ,illu/ration3 ,kang>oo 
rat d5 ar\nd mesquite bu%4 ,note lack ( 
vegetation4  ,illu/ration3 ,typical     
kang>oo rat infe/ation4  ,illu/ration3  
,trail lead+ f kang>oo rat d5 to fe$+   
gr\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,close-up ( fe$+  
gr\nd4 ,note rat pellets & close cropp$ 
grass4  ,illu/ration3 ,kang>oo rat d5   
be=e excavat+1  ,illu/ration3 ,cross    
section ( d51 %[+ /orage *amb]s & /or$  
grass se$s4  ,illu/ration3 ,se$ heads   
tak5 f "o kang>oo rat d5--    ,a--,burr[
 grass se$4   ,b--,indian :eat heads4   
,c--,we$ se$s4   ,d--,unid5tifi$ grass  
heads4  ,illu/ration3 ,kang>oo rat d5   
be=e treatm5t 7,july #a1 #aice71 ,papago
 ,indian ,res]vation1 ,sells1 ,arizona4 
,illu/ration3 ,same location z above two
 mon?s lat] aft] elim9at+ ! kang>oo     
rats4  ,,rabbits ,,& ,,h>es  ,re=e/ation
 is greatly hamp]$ by rabbits 9 cut-ov] 
areas :]e int]mitt5t fires h kill$ all  

se$l+s ov] a p]iod ( ye>s4 ,9 _m areas !
 sn[%oe h>e w eat (f z _m z #dj p]c5t ( 
! se$l+s & damage up to #gj p]c5t ( !m4 
,illu/ration3 ,rabbit-infe/$ re=e/ation 
area--,olympic ,national ,=e/1 ,wa%+ton4
  ,illu/ration3 ,damage to jackp9e caus$
 by sn[%oe h>es--,dukes1 ,mi*igan4      
,illu/ration3 ,heal?y ,norway p9e4      
,sn[%oe h>e damage to p9e & spruce      
se$l+s at ?is /age ( gr[? consi/s (     
nipp+ ! t]m9al bud4  ,illu/ration3      
,spruce tree ) lat]al bran*es remov$ by 
sn[%oe h>es--,price ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94  
,illu/ration3 ,typical damage to        
cornfield by jack rabbits--,texas4      
,,porcup9es  ,on _m national =e/ areas !
 control ( porcup9es is imp]ative f !   
/&po9t ( timb] reproduction4 ,?is is    
especially true on cut-ov] areas & :]e  
fires h de/roy$ all se$l+s4 ,porcup9es w
 (t5 de/roy up to #ij p]c5t ( ! se$l+s  
&1 ?r\gh cont9u$ girdl+ ( "y trees #ae  
to #be ye>s ( age1 w de/roy all *ance = 
comm]cial timb] = _m ye>s to come4      
,illu/ration3 ,typical porcup9e d54     

,picture tak5 on ,pike ,national ,=e/ 9 
,colorado1 9 area :]e porcup9e control  
"w 0 conduct$ "u ! ,=e/ ,s]vice         
,e4,c4,w4 program4  ,illu/ration3       
,porcup9e at "w girdl+ p9e tree4        
,illu/ration3 ,%[+ "o ( #aad "y p9es    
damag$ by porcup9es on #ae acres4       
,illu/ration3 ,additional evid5ce on    
cut-ov] areas4  ,illu/ration3 ,porcup9e 
at foot ( tree probably #ae ye>s old1   
:i* x has damag$ beyond hope ( recov]y4 
,illu/ration3 ,complete girdl+ by       
porcup9es ab\t #ab in*es above gr\nd4   
,a ,,typical ,e4,c4,w4 ,,crew           
,illu/ration3 ,e4,c4,w4 crews h treat$  
almo/ #ab1jjj1jjj acres ( rod5t-infe/$  
l&s dur+ ! pa/ ?ree ye>s1 h done x      
c>efully & well1 & 9 s do+ h be5 taught 
valuable lessons 9 wildlife managem5t4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib]'s ,note   ,orig9al          
publication appe>s to h be5 a copy ( a  
typewritt5 docum5t4