,,the ,,american ,,journal ,,of ,,pharmacy ,,march1 #aijg4 ,,standards ,,in ,,pharmaceutical ,,education4#a ,,by ,,henry ,,kraemer4 ,if we consider the present awakening in pharmacy1 it may seem to some that we are making very rapid strides1 but as a matter of fact the progress of pharmaceutical education in this country has been comparatively slow4 ,the history of pharmacy in this country may be divided into three periods3 7#a7 ,the pioneer period during the sixteenth century1 when there were no physicians1 and the general storekeeper who sold dry goods1 groceries1 books and paints1 also sold medicines and prescribed them2 7#b7 the colonial period during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries1 when educated physicians from abroad emigrated to the colonies and prescribed as well as dispensed medicines2 7#c7 the college period1 or the period of organization and development1 during the nineteenth century1 when pharmacy became a distinct profession and business1 and colleges of pharmacy were established1 these numbering nearly #ajj at the present time4 ,we are now entering1 after nearly a century1 upon the fourth period1 namely1 that of standards in education1 and we are endeavoring to fix the position of pharmacy among the other professions4 ,the problem of pharmaceutical education involves two phases1 namely 7#a7 that of the natural ability and preliminary qualifications of the applicants for entrance to the colleges and schools of pharmacy1 and 7#b7 that of the character and kind of instruction that shall be given by a recognized teaching institution in pharmacy4 ,not only are these two classes of standards being considered by the teaching bodies themselves1 but also by the boards of pharmacy1 and with the enactment of laws in various ,states it will now be possible for more or less concerted action to be taken throughout the ,united ,states4 ,,preliminary ,,requirements4 ,our system of popular education is the boast of our country1 and well may it be1 for it has been making steady advances during all the years of our national existence4 ,at the present time the facilities for instruction and the opportunities for obtaining a good general education are so ample that it seems hardly credible that any one who is desirous of obtaining an education should fail in the attempt4 ,it follows logically that as the standard of general education is advanced1 the standards in colleges1 technical schools and universities will also be advanced1 and thus we find to-day that the majority of these institutions are not only constantly improving their curricula but they are seeing to it that those who go to them for instruction are qualified to pursue the prescribed line of studies4 ,the only wonder is that the entrance standards in some of the professional schools have not been advanced more rapidly than they have1 for in no other way have they been more handicapped than in this4 ,it is true there may be some parts of our country where the opportunities for obtaining an education are more or less limited1 but this is no argument why those in the vanguard should stop in their course and wait for the center of population to shift a few hundred miles4 ,we know that in ,alaska and the ,philippines the means for education are not so ample as they are with us1 but we are not thinking of stopping to wait for those countries4 ,on the contrary they desire us to go ahead and they will follow as rapidly as possible4 ,and so if the youths of the country districts of ,iowa1 or ,kansas1 or ,missouri have not1 as is claimed by some1 the opportunity for obtaining a high school education1 is that any reason why those in ,ohio1 or ,michigan1 or ,pennsylvania should be excused for neglecting theirs8 ,no1 this is not the way of progress4 ,if there are any two professions or callings where the unfit should be culled out more than in others1 it is in those of medicine and pharmacy4 ,these are the professions calling for the highest type of manhood1 and at the same time special educational equipment and intellectual acumen4 ,being largely answerable to himself in the conduct of his business1 it is plain that the pharmacist must be of a high moral type1 and if he is of the type that he should be to assume such a responsible calling1 he will first see to it that his general education warrants him in undertaking its pursuit4 ,but if there are those who have not the moral sense to conscientiously qualify themselves by obtaining the necessary preliminary education1 then the teaching bodies should exercise their power to eliminate them4 ,here is where the highest obligation of the schools and colleges of pharmacy rests1 and here is where the supreme test of their sense of their obligation to the public comes in4 ,certainly those applicants for entrance who have had opportunities for obtaining an education and have been so indifferent as not to improve them1 can hardly be considered fit candidates for the practice of pharmacy4 ,entrance to a college presupposes a good general education2 the studies to be mastered require it1 and to admit the unqualified reacts on all those engaged in the practice of pharmacy and in the teaching of pharmacy4 ,it also does harm to those who are still in the public schools1 for instead of finishing their courses they discontinue their studies knowing that they can fit themselves by short cuts4 ,it lowers the standard of the schools of pharmacy and so tends to keep away those who are qualified to pursue the work4 ,in short1 it lowers the tone of pharmacy at every point4 ,and who can say that it does not eventually make an impression on the general public and influence them in withholding their support1 both moral and financial8 ,i know of a young man who desired to study law1 but who had not gone further than the grammar school4 ,when he came to inquire about the terms of admission to the bar1 he found that graduation from a high school was required4 ,he then decided to enter school again and go through the high school4 ,can any one doubt the advantage of such a course to this young man or to the profession of law in requiring him to complete his preliminary education8 ,there are those who incline to take pity on those applicants in pharmacy who have not the desired amount of preliminary education and who argue that they should be given a chance4 ,but this is a false kind of charity2 if the applicants are sincere and have natural ability1 they should be advised to go back to school1 but if they belong to the shiftless class1 they should above all things not be allowed to ally themselves with pharmacy4 ,no1 this is not the place for the exercise of charity1 particularly when we think of our obligations to the great public who have so long and so implicitly trusted us4 ,,college ,,courses4 ,having once eliminated the unfit1 the next highest duty of the colleges of pharmacy is to qualify their students for the work that they may be called upon to do4 ,this may seem like a very trite saying to some of you1 and yet ,i feel warranted in its utterance4 ,we have reached a crisis in pharmaceutical history1 and if the pharmacist is to continue a separate and independent existence it must be on the basis of his scientific attainments4 ,the pharmacist has felt his hampered position for some time1 but now that the ,pure ,food and ,drugs ,act has become effective1 we are face to face with the issue4 ,with the ,united ,states ,pharmacopia and the ,national ,formulary as the legal standards he will now be held responsible for the identity and quality of the drugs which he sells4 ,the question then is1 will he assume this responsibility1 and pronounce finally on the quality and efficiency of the drugs and medicines which he dispenses1 or will he shift this responsibility whenever possible8 ,if he adopts the latter course1 then will he lose in importance and standing to that extent4 ,by the adoption of the ,pure ,food and ,drugs ,act both the responsibility and the obligation of the pharmacist are increased and added importance must attach to his position4 ,he should take as much pride in his ability to pronounce upon the quality of an article guaranteed by the manufacturer1 or in making a preparation which he himself guarantees1 as he has heretofore taken in his ability to decide upon the compatibility1 or to question the dosage1 of a prescription4 ,he must stand between the manufacturer and the physician as he has stood between the physician and the public4 ,too much care cannot be exercised in this direction1 for the manufacturer's guarantee may in some instances prove to be only a label4 ,to do work of this kind means that the pharmacist shall be a master of the ,pharmacopia1 that he shall be able to identify any substance in the ,pharmacopia1 carry out any of the tests1 and make any of the preparations in the ,pharmacopia and ,national ,formulary1 processes for which are given4 ,the least1 then1 that the colleges of pharmacy can do is to prepare their students to employ the ,pharmacopia and the ,national ,formulary as working guides4 ,,examinations ,,by ,,boards ,,of ,,pharmacy4 ,with the proper preliminary requirements established1 and without entering at this time into a discussion of the question as to the number of hours required for the work that should be done1 believing as ,i do that the colleges and schools belonging to the ,conference of ,teaching ,faculties will be able to decide this problem1 ,i may say that no discussion of the educational problem is complete at this time without reference to the nature of the examinations of the ,boards of ,pharmacy4 ,in years gone by these examinations have been largely theoretical1 and hence were not so valuable as they might have been in testing the fitness of a candidate4 ,happily1 there is beginning to be an improvement in this direction and the examinations are becoming more practical4 ,to my way of thinking the aim of the boards of pharmacy should be to determine what a candidate can do4 ,the theory has been given to him in college1 and the final test should be to determine whether he has a working knowledge of the materials which he handles4 ,instead of asking him what are the elementary forms of matter1 or what is a water-bath1 or to give the family name of a plant yielding a drug1 it would be better to give him some drug or chemical to identify1 to carry out the tests for purity according to the ,pharmacopia and to make a preparation4 ,the boards of pharmacy have a very important work to perform in determining the fitness of candidates and in determining whether the colleges are faithfully carrying on their work4 ,as matters are now constituted they are the final arbiters and should be fully cognizant of the great trust which they hold4 ,it should no longer be possible for the unqualified or incompetent to enter college1 spend two or three years at college and be given a degree and finally pass a ,state ,board as a registered pharmacist4 ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,pharmacists4 ,pharmacists themselves also have a very important part to perform in raising pharmacy to the plane that it must occupy to maintain its separate existence4 ,in the first place they should not admit into apprenticeship young men who are deficient in preliminary education1 for quite naturally they hope sooner or later to enter the schools of pharmacy4 ,indeed to admit such as these into apprenticeship is not only an injustice to them but also to the colleges of pharmacy1 and this may be considered as one of the fundamental tests as to whether the pharmacist has the true interests of his calling at heart4 ,pharmacists can at this point be of real service to these young men by encouraging them and advising them to continue their education in the public schools or to acquire it in some other way4 ,the second duty of the pharmacist is to endeavor to conduct his business in such a manner that the educated young men will be attracted to it 7for undoubtedly there is no more interesting work than that connected with the profession of pharmacy71 and find something to repay them for their pains1 and to appeal to their aspirations as professional men4 ,the third duty of the pharmacist is to the physician4 ,if the physician is willing to rely upon the pharmacist and to help him in maintaining and re-establishing the profession of pharmacy by prescribing only the preparations and medicines in the ,pharmacopia and ,national ,formulary1 and the new and non-official remedies approved by the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry of the ,american ,medical ,association1 then should the pharmacist aim to eliminate as rapidly as possible patent medicines1 nostrums and sundry articles not used as medicines1 or as aids to the sick1 or even as toilet preparations1 and prepare to give his undivided attention to his profession1 which alone by training1 education and experience he is qualified to conduct4 ,in briefly summing up my remarks ,i may say that ,i have endeavored to emphasize the essential principles which we must bear in mind4 7#a7 ,a good preliminary education is essential to an apprentice and student of pharmacy4 7#b7 ,the least that a college or school of pharmacy should do is to send forth graduates that are masters of every detail of the ,u4 ,s4 ,pharmacopia and the ,national ,formulary4 7#c7 ,it is the duty of the ,board of ,pharmacy to determine what applicants for the certificate of ,registered ,pharmacist can do rather than what they are able to memorize4 7#d7 ,that pharmacists themselves must share in the work of elevating the standards of pharmacy4 ,if we are clear on these principles1 sincere in our professions and earnest in our endeavors1 the details can easily be worked out4 ,,the ,,food ,,and ,,drugs ,,act ,,in ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,public ,,health4 ,,by ,,charles ,h4 ,,lawall4 ,the responsibility of the pharmacist in his attitude toward fraud and quackery was never more important than it is at the present time1 and there should be no reluctance on the part of the members of the profession to serve the public in the capacity of disseminators of information concerning this important subject which is everywhere under discussion1 the ,food and ,drugs ,act4 ,in the ,united ,states the actual control of the quality of food and drugs within any given ,state is a power of the ,state and not of the federal authority1 and owing to the previous absence of legislation controlling interstate commerce the authorities within the individual ,states 7usually the ,dairy and ,food ,commissioner7 were confined to the boundaries of these ,states in bringing prosecutions4 ,in order to control the sale of products made outside of the ,state and shipped into it1 the seller1 often an innocent victim1 had to be proceeded against1 and the manufacturer1 the real offender1 was secure from any punishment as long as he remained without the ,state4 ,this condition of affairs1 of course1 worked hardship upon persons who were not morally responsible1 who were made defendants in criminal prosecutions and were compelled to resort to the civil courts for redress1 which was usually inadequate4 ,on ,june #cj1 #aijf1 by the passage of the act known as the ,food and ,drugs ,act1 which went into effect legally on ,january #a1 #aijg1 this condition of affairs was changed1 and every article of interstate commerce is now subject to the act1 the rules and regulations of which have occasioned much serious thought among the large class of manufacturers of products which come within its scope4 ,the underlying principles of the act1 and the rules and regulations which have been drafted for its enforcement1 are not obscure4 ,they are based upon common honesty4 ,that is1 no hardship is worked upon persons who sell their products for what they are1 without any misrepresentation4 ,this at first glance would not seem to be a harsh requirement1 but when we go into the subject a little more fully we are confronted with the fact that the present era of advertising has developed a carelessness of statement to say nothing of numerous instances of wilful misrepresentation suggesting that the allegation of ,p4 ,t4 ,barnum that the ,american people like to be humbugged1 was never more true than at the present time4 ,academic questions as to the harmfulness of certain preservatives or colors1 or substitutes for this or that well-known foodstuff1 do not enter into the question at all4 ,the phrase 8caveat emptor10 let the buyer beware1 is not applicable to foodstuffs1 for the buyer as a rule is not capable of judging as to the presence or absence of certain constituents which may or may not be harmful according to the idiosyncrasy of the consumer4 ,for example1 fifty or seventy-five years ago the commonly used chemical preservatives1 salicylic and benzoic acids and saccharin were unknown and when they were resorted to by manufacturers of foodstuffs it was done secretly and without notice to the consumer4 ,while the presence of a small amount of any one of these substances might not occasion any disturbance in a normal individual there are many instances in which even small amounts are absolutely contraindicated4 ,under commercial conditions existing previous to the passage of the act mentioned the buyer never could tell just what was contained in a package1 which might be marked absolutely pure and be decorated with representations of dozens of medals and prize awards1 often based upon superficial judgment of the products so honored4 ,the misbranding clause is ,section #h of the law and reads as follows3 8,that the term #8misbranded' as used herein shall apply to all drugs or articles of food1 or articles which enter into the composition of food1 the package or label of which shall bear any statement1 design or device regarding such article1 or the ingredients or substances contained therein1 which shall be false or misleading in any particular and to any food or drug product which is falsely branded as to the ,state1 territory or country in which it is manufactured or produced40 ,since the act has become effective the products of certain large packing houses1 which were formerly called potted ham or potted tongue are now labeled 8potted meat1 ham-flavor0 and 8potted meat1 tongue-flavor40 ,the substance has not been changed4 ,it is simply designated by its right name and all the claims for purity made by these firms in the past are now to be judged by the actions of these same firms when under compulsion and in fear of the law4 ,several years ago a well-known ,philadelphian became sponsor for a brand of coffee which was advertised and sold under the caption of 8tannin-free coffee40 ,this purported to be coffee from which the poisonous 787 tannic acid had been removed4 ,investigation showed it to be coffee from which a chaff-like substance lying between the segments of the bean had been removed by mechanical means1 and1 as this chaff-like substance was found to contain less tannic acid than the original coffee1 and1 as the statement as to the tannic acid being poisonous was equally unwarranted1 it was one of the most reprehensible of the class of what would now be termed misbranded substances4 ,as a matter of fact the tannic acid in coffee is in such intimate combination with the caffeine and other valuable constituents of the bean that it would be absolutely impossible to remove it without destroying the properties of the coffee so that it would be unrecognizable4 ,the ultimate fate of this article1 which perished along with several associated ventures1 did not prove a deterrent to another and still more glaring fraud of a similar character which has been advertised during the past year1 i4 e4 a brand of coffee called 8,digesto ,coffee0 which claims to be as harmless as the well-known cereal substitutes for this agreeable beverage by virtue of the fact that the poisonous 787 caffeine and poisonous 787 tannic acid have both been removed4 ,i need scarcely say that such claims are without the slightest foundation in fact1 and an analysis recently made by me of the contents of a package of the article showed a slightly higher percentage of caffeine than the average in coffee1 and no perceptible diminution in the amount of tannic acid4 ,i refer to both of these instances specifically1 as under all previous laws it was impossible to proceed against either of these firms1 while under the new law they are both amenable to the section on misbranding4 ,as regards the subject of drugs1 the work of ,samuel ,hopkins ,adams in ,collier's ,magazine1 together with the assistance of ,mr4 ,bok in the ,ladies' ,home ,journal1 is too well-known to require repetition1 and yet ,i fear that the force of these arguments is lost upon many persons who look upon them as the fulminations of yellow journalism4 ,nothing could be further from the truth4 ,the half has never been told and the real truth will probably never be known by the public concerning the numerous changes which have been made in many well-known preparations which must now declare the presence of certain constituents which are enumerated in the body of the law4 ,among the better known of these substances may be mentioned alcohol1 morphine1 opium1 cocaine1 chloroform1 chloral hydrate1 cannabis indica and acetanilide4 ,many proprietors of nostrums which have been entirely dependent upon their alcoholic strength for their medicinal and remedial effect1 have changed the formulas so as to be less liable to criticism1 still retaining enough of the original features1 however1 to make them objectionable to those who see through the subterfuge4 ,the number of persons in the community who are really able to judge such preparations is wofully small and it will require a constant campaign of education for many years to bring the every-day consumer of preparations of this class to a sense of his personal responsibility in such matters4 ,even the medical profession has suffered by this gigantic bunco game4 ,antikamnia1 a proprietary preparation which was advertised for years under the claim that it was a definite synthetic compound1 in spite of the fact that every one who knew anything about organic chemistry knew better1 has at last been publicly unmasked as a mixture of acetanilide1 caffeine and sodium bicarbonate2 and in refuge from the necessity of declaring the amount of acetanilide upon the label1 the firm which makes it has changed the formula so as to substitute phenacetine for acetanilide1 and yet the same unwarranted and extravagant claims are made for the preparation that were made before1 with no notice to the medical profession that a radical change has been made in its composition1 and entirely ignoring the stultification of the former claims as a definite uniform chemical compound4 ,other instances might be cited1 but enough has been said1 ,i think1 to show you that the effect of the law is being felt by those who have made themselves amenable to it4 ,one important feature must be remembered4 ,it is this3 ,on every package of foodstuff or drug put up under the new law1 the words 8,guaranteed under the ,u4 ,s4 ,food and ,drugs ,act1 ,june #cj1 #aijf1 ,serial ,no4 ----0 appears4 ,this is being used in such a way as to make it appear that the ,government in some unknown way stands sponsor for the quality of the substance1 when in truth it is but a compliance with that part of the ,act1 ,sec4 #i1 which says3-- 8,no dealer shall be prosecuted under the provisions of this act when he can establish a guarantee signed by the wholesaler1 jobber1 manufacturer1 or other party residing in the ,united ,states1 from whom he purchases such article1 to the effect that the same is not adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of this act designating it40 ,thus it will be seen that the guaranty means nothing more than the word of the manufacturer that he will be responsible in case of prosecution1 and ,i fear that not a few of the guarantees at present published are given without due regard to facts1 in the hope that the ,department of ,agriculture1 with the tremendous task confronting it of putting the rules and regulations into practice1 may be a long while reaching some of these articles4 ,meanwhile many persons will be deluded into purchasing such articles in the belief that the phrase referred to is evidence that the ,government is responsible for the claims made1 when in point of fact nothing of the kind is meant4 ,an instance recently coming to my attention1 presumably of this kind1 is that of an article which is being advertised in the prominent daily newspapers in the form of reading notices 7a most reprehensible form of advertising7 as a remedy for consumption and bronchial affections4 ,an examination of the substance shows it to be a fictitious product containing oil of turpentine1 gum turpentine1 with evident traces of copaiba and sandalwood4 ,it bears a label which indicates a somewhat mixed origin1 as two widely differing plants of the pine family are included in the botanical name which is given for it4 ,in the regulation of the narcotic drugs1 such as opium and its derivatives1 morphine1 cocaine1 etc41 a wonderful step has been taken4 ,if the public could realize the harm that has been done to persons who have unconsciously formed drug habits by taking proprietary catarrh cures there would be universal amazement at the depths of degradation to which a manufacturer will lower himself in order to increase the profit on an article by stimulating an increase in its sale4 ,instances have come before the authorities at ,washington in which manufacturers have frankly admitted that they had added morphine or cocaine to their nostrums in order that their continued use might be assured4 ,there is much work still to be done in the near future in connection with the enforcement of the act to render its provisions effective1 but ,i believe that ,i have given enough examples from the hundreds which ,i have at my disposal to indicate that the ultimate effect of the ,food and ,drugs ,act1 if it be wisely enforced1 as is expected1 will be very material in benefiting the health of the community at large4 ,,proprietary ,,preparations ,,approved ,,by ,,council ,,on ,,pharmacy ,,and ,,chemistry4 ,,aristochin4 ,aristochin4--,,co 7,c#bj;,h#be,n#b,o#b7b;,c#da;,h#df,n#d,o #e1 the neutral carbonic ester of quinine4 ,actions and ,uses4--,the same as those of quinine1 but1 since it is only slowly acted on by acids1 it is said not to produce disturbance of the stomach and to be notably free from tendency to production of cinchonism4 ,dosage4--,the same as that of quinine1 in powder1 mixed with milk sugar1 dry on the tongue or suspended in liquids4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,aristol4 ,a name applied to ,thymolis iodidum1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,aspirin4 ,aspirin ,c#f;,h#d,o7,,ch#c;,,co7,,cooh #a3b ,c#i;,h#h,o#d1 the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it acts like salicylic acid1 over which it possesses the advantage of producing less of the undesired local and systemic side effects1 on account of the slow liberation of the salicylic acid4 ,it passes the stomach unchanged1 the decomposition beginning in the intestine4 ,dosage4--#jc to #a gramme 7#e to #ae grains7 in capsules or wafers1 or dissolved in sweetened water or dry on the tongue1 followed by a swallow of water4 ,the powder should be dispensed in waxed paper4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,benzosol4 ,benzosol1 ,c#f;,h#d7,,och#c7 7,c#f;,h#e;,,coo7 ,c#ad;,h#ab,o#c1 a crystalline compound of guaiacol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl is replaced by benzoyl4 ,actions and ,uses4--,benzosol is decomposed slowly in the intestinal tract into guaiacol and benzoic acid which exert their proper actions4 ,the liberated constituents are absorbed and excreted in the urine4 ,it is not irritating4 ,its uses are analogous to those of creosote and of benzoic acid4 ,it is recommended in incipient pulmonary tuberculosis1 as an intestinal antiseptic in fermentation1 diarrhea1 typhoid fever1 diabetes mellitus and as a urinary disinfectant in cystitis1 etc4 ,dosage4--#jb to #jf gramme 7#c to #aj grains71 in powder1 capsule1 pill1 or suspended in liquids or as an emulsion4 ,manufactured by ,farbwerke1 vorm4 ,meister1 ,lucius ,bruening1 ,hoechst a4 ,m4 7,victor ,koechl ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,beta-,,eucaine ,,hydrochloride4 ,beta-eucaine hydrochloride1 ,c#e;,h#g,n7,,ch#c7c7;,c#f;,h#e;,,coo7,h ,cl1 the hydrochloride of #b1f1f trimethyl-#d-;benzoyl-hydroxypiperidine4 ,actions and ,uses4--,beta-eucaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic like cocaine1 but weaker and devoid of the stimulating properties of the latter4 ,it does not dilate the pupil1 nor does it contract the blood-vessels as does cocaine4 ,it has the advantage of stability even on prolonged boiling4 ,it may be used in all cases in which cocaine is indicated as a local anesthetic1 especially in ophthalmology4 ,dosage4--,it may be applied in a #b to #c per cent4 solution to the eye1 #e to #aj per cent4 for nose and throat1 and #e to #aj per cent4 for ointment for hemorrhoids4 ,manufactured by ,chemische ,fabrik auf ,actien1 vorm4 ,e4 ,schering1 ,berlin 7,schering ,glatz1 ,new ,york74 ,,beta-,,naphthol ,,benzoate4 ,beta-naphthol benzoate1 ,c#f;,h#e;,,coo,c#aj;,h#g ,c#ag;,h#ab,o#b1 the benzoic ester of -naphthol4 ,actions and ,uses4--,beta-naphthol benzoate is split up into its constituents on reaching the intestinal tract and acts as an antiseptic4 ,it is said to be diuretic4 ,it is used internally as an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea and typhoid fever4 ,externally it has been recommended as a parasiticide in the form of #c to #aj per cent4 ointment1 and has been used in psoriasis1 eczema1 scabies1 etc4 ,dosage4--#jb to #je gramme 7#c to #h grains72 maximum dose1 single1 #a gramme 7#ae grains71 daily #d grammes 7#fj grains74 ,manufactured by ,fabrik von ,heyden1 ,radebeul near ,dresden 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,betol4 ,betol1 ,c#f;,h#d,,oh,,coo 7,c#aj;,h#g7 ,c#ag;,h#ab,o#c1 the salicylic ester of -naphtol4 ,actions and ,uses4--,betol is not affected in the stomach1 but is split up in its original components when it reaches the intestinal tract by the pancreatic juice and intestinal secretions4 ,it is believed to act as an intestinal antiseptic and1 being excreted in the urine1 to act in a similar way in the bladder4 ,it has the anti-rheumatic properties of salicylic acid4 ,it is recommended for intestinal fermentations1 catarrh of the bladder1 particularly in gonorrheal cystitis1 for rheumatism1 etc4 ,dosage4--#jc to #je gramme 7#d to #h grains7 in cachets1 milk or emulsion4 ,manufactured by the ,heyden ,chemical ,works1 ,new ,york4 ,,bismal4 ,bismal1 #d 7,c#ae;,h#ab,o#aj7c;,bi7,,oh7#c ,bi#c;,c#fj;,h#eg,o#di1 a compound of bismuth hydroxide and methylendigallic acid4 ,actions and ,uses4--,bismal is an astringent and is recommended for the treatment of chronic diarrhea4 ,dosage4--#jab to #jc gramme 7#b to #e grains7 in cachets or powder4 ,manufactured by ,e4 ,merck1 ,darmstadt4 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,,borochloretone4 ,a mixture of #a part chloretone with #c parts boric acid4 ,actions and ,uses4--,an antiseptic and anesthetic1 used externally as a surgical dressing powder4 ,prepared by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,brometone4 ,brometone1 #a1a1a-tribrom-#b-methyl-propan-#b-ol1 ,c,br#c;,c7,,oh7 7,,ch#c7;,,ch#c ,c#d;,h#g,o,br#c1 produced by the reaction of acetone on bromoform4 ,actions and ,uses4--,brometone is claimed to have the sedative action of the bromides without the disadvantage of producing bromism4 ,in doses of #jc gramme 7#e grains7 four or five times a day1 in adults1 it is claimed to cause no unpleasant results and to produce no disturbance of the digestive organs1 and to have no appreciable effect on the secretions4 ,its action is prompt and its effect is manifest for several hours4 ,in doses exceeding #af grammes 7#be grains7 daily it may produce dizziness1 vertigo1 anorexia1 and mental hebetude1 all of which symptoms disappear on discontinuance of its use4 ,therapeutically it has been recommended in mild conditions of excitation and insomnia1 in so-called narcotic abstinence1 in hysteria1 and in nervous affections generally4 ,it relieves some forms of cough and is said to produce amelioration in about #fj per cent4 of cases of epilepsy4 ,it has been used to relieve dizziness due to labyrinthine disturbances4 ,dosage4--,the dose is #jc gramme 7#e grains71 to be repeated two or three times during twenty-four hours4 ,manufactured by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,bromipin4 ,a bromine addition product of sesame oil1 containing #aj per cent4 of bromine in organic combination4 ,actions and ,uses4--,bromipin acts like the bromides1 but as it yields its bromine more slowly it is thought to have less tendency to produce brominism4 ,the combination is not broken up in the stomach1 but a portion of the bromine is split off as soon as the oil enters the intestine4 ,the oil with the remaining bromine is easily absorbed1 and1 similarly to other fats1 is largely deposited in the tissues1 where it is slowly split up4 ,it is said to be more lasting in its action than the bromides4 ,dosage4--#d c4c4 7#a fluidrachm71 increased in cases of epilepsy to from #h to #cb c4c4 7#b to #h fluidrachms72 in emulsion with peppermint water and syrup1 or pure1 flavored with oil of peppermint4 ,manufactured by ,e4 ,merck1 ,darmstadt4 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,,bromipin--#cc ,,per ,,cent4 ,a #cc per cent4 brominized sesame oil4 ,manufactured by ,e4 ,merck1 ,darmstadt4 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,,butyl-,,chloral ,,hydrate4 ,actions and ,uses4--,its action is similar to that of chloral1 except that it is said to be less depressing and more analgetic4 ,it has been especially recommended for facial neuralgia4 ,dosage4--#jc to #ac grammes 7#e to #bj grains74 ,,calcium ,,ichthyol4 ,a derivative of ichthyol in which calcium is substituted for ammonium4 ,manufactured by the ,ichthyol ,company1 ,hamburg4 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,,calomelol4 ,a soluble colloidal form of calomel1 containing albuminoids4 ,actions and ,uses4--,its action is the same as that of calomel1 but it is claimed to be superior because of its solubility in water1 acting more rapidly and efficiently4 ,calomelol is claimed to be non-irritant and particularly non-toxic4 ,the indications for its use are the same as for calomel4 ,dosage4--,internally the same as calomel4 ,externally it is used as a dusting powder1 mixed with an equal quantity of starch or of a mixture of starch and zinc oxide1 or in the form of calomelol ointment4 ,it should be guarded from the light4 ,manufactured by the ,heyden ,chemical ,works1 ,new ,york4 ,,calomelol ,,ointment4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is a substitute for mercurial ointment1 over which it has the advantage of cleanliness1 and it is claimed to be distinctly superior as an inunction in syphilis1 etc4 ,dosage4--#f grammes 7#ij grains7 daily for inunction in syphilis4 ,manufactured by the ,heyden ,chemical ,works1 ,new ,york4 ,,cascara ,,evacuant4 ,a preparation said to contain a bitterless glucoside1 obtained from the bark of ,rhamnus ,purshiana1 with aromatics4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is claimed that this preparation possesses the laxative properties of cascara sagrada without the bitterness which characterizes the ordinary extract4 ,it is recommended for the treatment of chronic constipation1 for which cascara sagrada is one of the best medicinal agents4 ,dosage4--,as a laxative1 #jf to #a c4c4 7#aj to #ae minims7 three times a day2 as a purgative1 #ac to #b c4c4 7#bj to #cj minims7 morning and evening4 ,four cubic centimeters 7#a fluidrachm7 may be given in obstinate cases4 ,prepared by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,cascara ,,tonic ,,laxative ,,globules4 ,each globule is said to contain #jb gramme 7#c grains7 of the bitter glucosides of ,rhamnus ,purshiana suspended in a bland fixed oil1 to which aromatics have been added4 ,actions and ,uses4--,the manufacturers claim that it combines the laxative action of cascara with tonic properties of the bitter principle with the advantage of concealment of the disagreeable taste4 ,dosage4--,one or two globules to be taken before retiring4 ,prepared by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,chinaphenin4 ,chinaphenin1 ,,co 7,,nh,c#f;,h#d,,oc#b;,h#e7 7,c#bj;,h#bc,n#b,o#b7 ,c#bj;,h#cc,n#c,o#d1 the quinine carbonic acid ester of phenetidin4 ,actions and ,uses4--,chinaphenin combines the antiperiodic properties of quinine with the analgesic power of phenacetin1 with the advantage of tastelessness and asserted freedom from symptoms of cinchonism produced by the administration of the two remedies in simple mixture4 ,it is recommended in febrile diseases1 especially la grippe2 in spasmodic conditions1 such as whooping-cough2 in certain forms of malaria and in neuralgia4 ,dosage4--,adult3 #jc to #jf gramme 7#e to #aj grains7 ordinarily1 #ae to #b grammes 7#bb to #cj grains71 given in two doses as an antipyretic in neuralgia and malaria2 in whooping-cough3 #jac to #jc gramme 7#b to #e grains71 according to age4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,chlorbutanol4 ,chlorbutanol1 #a1a1a-trichlor-#b-methyl-propan-#b-ol1 ,c,cl#c;,c 7,,oh7 7,,ch#c7;,,ch#c ,c#d;,h#g,o,cl#c1 produced by the reaction of acetone on chloroform4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is said to be absorbed unchanged1 but to be decomposed in the body4 ,it is a local anesthetic with an action weaker than that of cocaine1 but sufficient to prevent vomiting from gastric irritation4 ,its antiseptic action is said to be fifteen times as strong as that of boric acid4 ,it acts on the central nervous system similarly to chloral1 and although the claim has been made that hypnotic doses are without effect on the circulation and respiration1 independent observers have described a fall of blood pressure and interference with respiration in animals1 and consider it fully as dangerous as chloral4 ,in man #ajj grains caused severe symptoms1 but recovery occurred4 ,it is claimed that no habit is induced1 but this may be referable to its restricted employment4 ,it is recommended as a mild local anesthetic1 in dentistry1 etc41 as a preservative for hypodermic solutions1 for insomnia1 vomiting and for spasmodic conditions4 ,it is also said to be useful as introductory to general anesthesia1 lessening excitement and nausea4 ,dosage4--,the dose is from #jc to #ae gramme 7#e to #bj grains7 dry or in capsules4 ,hypodermically as a local anesthetic a saturated aqueous solution may be used4 ,,chloretone4 ,a name applied to chlorbutanol1 which see4 ,manufactured by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,chloretone ,,inhalant4 ,a solution of chloretone1 camphor1 menthol and oil of cinnamon in liquid petrolatum4 ,actions and ,uses4--,an anodyne1 antiseptic1 and emolient solution for use by inhalation as a very fine spray or nebula4 ,manufactured by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,citarin4 ,citarin1 ,,ch#b;,c,o,o,na ,,ch#b _/ _/ ,,co ,o ,na#b;,c#g;,h#f,o#g1 the normal sodium salt of _/ _/ ,,co ,,ch#b;,c,o,o,na anhydromethylene-citric acid4 ,actions and ,uses4--,this is one of the compounds which it is claimed increase the elimination of uric acid by forming very soluble compounds with that substance4 ,it has been recommended for gout and chronic rheumatism4 ,dosage4--#a to #b grammes 7#ae to #cj grains71 largely diluted with water4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,creosotal4 ,a mixture of carbonic acid esters1 analogous to guaiacol carbonate1 prepared from creosote4 ,actions and ,uses4--,creosotal has the same action as creosote1 but is claimed to be non-toxic and devoid of irritant properties4 ,it is recommended as a substitute for creosote for internal exhibition in tuberculosis1 pneumonia1 and as an intestinal antiseptic4 ,dosage4--,from #jc to #bj grammes 7#e to #cj grains7 for children1 to #a to #d grammes 7#ae to #fj grains7 for adults in milk1 coffee1 wine1 cod-liver oil or emulsion4 ,externally it may be applied undiluted4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,fabrik von ,heyden1 ,radebeul1 near ,dresden4 ,,dentalone4 ,a #cj per cent4 solution of chloretone in a mixture of oils of gaultheria1 cloves and cassia4 ,actions and ,uses4--,dentalone possesses pronounced anesthetic properties and is intended for use by dentists in the treatment of exposed nerves in decayed teeth4 ,prepared by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,dermatol4 ,a name applied to ,bismuthi ,subgallas1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p4 ,manufactured by ,meister1 ,lucius ,bruening1 ,hoechst a4 ,m4 7,victor ,koechl ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,diabetin4 ,a pure1 crystallized fructose 7levulose71 ,,ch#b,,oh,,choh,,choh4 ,,choh,,co,,ch#b,,oh ,c#f;,h#ab,o#f1 absolutely free from dextrose 7ordinary glucose74 ,actions and ,uses4--,levulose is metabolized in the body by other agencies than those that act on dextrose and most of the other sugars and appears to be more completely utilized by the diabetic organism than the other sugars4 ,it is recommended for the nutrition and for sweetening the food and drink of diabetics1 in pulmonary tuberculosis1 infantile malnutrition and marasmus4 ,dosage3--,it is given in diabetes in daily quantities of #cj to #fj grammes 7#a to #b ounces72 in grave forms of the disease the amount is reduced to from #ab to #bd grammes 7#c to #f drachms7 daily4 ,manufactured by ,chemische ,fabrik auf ,actien1 vorm4 ,e4 ,schering1 ,berlin 7,schering ,glatz1 ,new ,york74 ,,dionin4 ,dionin1 ,c#ag;,h#ag,,no7,,oh7 7,,oc#b;,h#e;,h,cl7 ,h#b,o 7,c#ai;,h#ba,o#c;,cl,n ,h#b,o71 the hydrochloride of the ethyl ester of morphine4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is claimed that this compound acts like morphine without producing constipation1 nausea or lassitude4 ,it is the conclusion of some good observers that it possesses no advantage over codeine4 ,applied to the eye1 it causes a local vasodilation1 leading to acute conjunctival edema4 ,dionin is recommended to relieve pain1 especially in respiratory affections1 as an antispasmodic in whooping-cough1 for insomnia and externally in the treatment of corneal affections1 conjunctivitis1 iritis1 etc4 ,dosage4--#jjae to #jjf gramme 7 to #a grain74 ,externally it is applied in #aj to #bj per cent4 solutions4 ,manufactured by ,e4 ,merck1 ,darmstadt4 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,,diuretin4 ,a name applied to theobromine-sodium salicylate1 which see4 ,manufactured by ,knoll ,co41 ,ludwigshafen1 ,germany 7,e4 ,merck ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,duotal4 ,a name applied to ,guaiacolis ,carbonas1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p4 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color ,chemical ,company1 ,new ,york74 ,,duotonol4 ,a name applied to a mixture of equal parts of calcium tonol and sodium tonol4 7,see ,tonols47 ,actions and ,uses and ,dosage4--,see ,glycerophosphates4 ,manufactured by ,chemische ,fabrik auf ,actien1 vorm4 ,e4 ,schering1 ,berlin 7,schering ,glatz1 ,new ,york74 ,,elixir ,,eupnein4 ,a preparation said to contain in each dose of #h c4c4 7#b fluidrachms73 heroin #jjjbf gramme 7#a_/bd grain71 terpin hydrate #jac gramme 7#b grains7 creosote #jc gramme 7#e grains71 in a menstruum containing #cj per cent4 of alcohol with glycerin and aromatic essential oils4 ,actions and ,uses4--,from its composition it appears to be well adapted to use in chronic cough from bronchitis1 etc4 ,dosage4--#d to #ab c4c4 7#a to #c fluidrachms74 ,prepared by ,schieffelin ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,,elixir ,,saw ,,palmetto4 ,an elixir of saw palmetto berries1 sandal wood and cornsilk4 ,actions and ,uses4--,the constituents of this preparation are credited with diuretic properties and believed to be sedative to the genito-urinary tract and to exert a curative action on the inflamed mucous membrane1 especially in chronic cases4 ,dosage4--#d to #af c4c4 7#a to #d fluidrachms7 three times a day4 ,prepared by ,parke1 ,davis ,co41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,,empyroform4 ,a condensation product of birch tar and formaldehyde4 ,actions and ,uses4--,empyroform is an antipruritic1 sedative and desiccant4 ,it is said to be superior to tar and free from irritant or toxic effects4 ,it is claimed to be useful in all stages of eczema1 psoriasis1 lichen1 urticaria1 prurigo1 pityriasis1 etc4 ,dosage4--,it is applied as a #e to #aj per cent4 ointment1 #aj to #bj per cent4 zinc paste1 #aj to #bj per cent4 tincture1 and #cge per cent4 suspension4 ,manufactured by ,chemische ,fabrik auf ,actien1 vorm4 ,e4 ,schering ,berlin 7,schering ,glatz1 ,new ,york74 ,,epicarin4 ,epicarin1 ,c#f;,h#c7,,oh77,,cooh7 7,,ch#b;,c#aj;,h#f,,oh7 #b3c3a ,c#ah;,h#ad,o#d1 -naphthol-hydroxy-toluic acid4 ,actions and ,uses4--,epicarin is a non-poisonous antiseptic and parasiticide4 ,administered internally1 it is excreted mostly undecomposed4 ,it has been found useful in the treatment of skin-diseases1 particularly scabies1 tinea tonsurans1 prurigo and certain forms of eczema4 ,dosage4--,it is used externally only in the form of #e to #bj per cent4 ointment1 with petrolatum or wool fat 7lanolin7 as base1 or in the form of oily or alcoholic solutions 7#aj per cent474 ,manufactured by ,farbenfabriken1 vorm4 ,friedr4 ,bayer ,co41 ,elberfeld1 ,germany 7,continental ,color and ,chemical ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,erythrol ,,tetranitrate4 ,erythrol tetranitrate1 ,c#d;,h#f7,,no#c7d ,c#d;,h#f,o#ab,n#d1 the tetranitrate of erythrite or butane-tetrol1 ,c#d;,h#f7,,oh7#d4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is a vasodilator and antispasmodic1 like nitroglycerin4 ,its action is slower and more lasting2 it begins in #ae minutes and persists for three or four hours4 ,it is recommended in angina pectoris and cardiac diseases4 ,it is reported as especially useful as a prophylactic in preventing anginal pain4 ,dosage4--,because of its explosiveness it is marketed in the form of tablets1 each containing #j4jc gramme 7 grain74 ,one or two tablets every four to six hours4 ,manufactured by ,e4 ,merck1 ,darmstadt 7,merck ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,,ethylenediamine4 ,ethylenediamine1 ,c#b;,h#d7,,nh#b7b1 a substitution compound of ethylene and ammonia4 ,actions and ,uses4--,it is said to be non-corrosive4 ,it is recommended as an albumin solvent for the solution of false membranes in diphtheria and similar affections of the mucous membranes4 ,it is recommended for use in the form of kresamine 7which see74 ,manufactured by ,chemische ,fabrik auf ,actien1 vorm4 ,e4 ,schering1 ,berlin 7,schering ,glatz1 ,new ,york74 ,,eucaine4 ,the 8,eucaines0 are two closely allied synthetic bases1 which were originally differentiated as eucaine 8,a0 and eucaine 8,b10 but are now designated as 8,alpha-eucaine0 and 8,beta-eucaine10 respectively1 alpha-eucaine being a synthetic derivative of triacetonamine1 while beta-eucaine is a synthetic derivative of vinyl-diacetonekalmine4 ,both of these bases are supplied as hydrochlorides and are recommended as substitutes for cocaine1 over which they are claimed to have certain advantages4 ,they are described under alpha-eucaine hydrochloride and beta-eucaine hydrochloride4 7,to be continued47 ,report of the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry1 from the ,journal ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 ,october #bj1 #aijf4 ,,tyree',s ,,antiseptic ,,powder4 ,tyree's antiseptic powder was assigned for examination to a subcommittee of the ,council1 which made the following report3 ,to the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry3 ,your subcommittee1 to whom was assigned ,tyree's ,pulv4 ,antiseptic ,comp41 marketed by ,j4 ,s4 ,tyree1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 reports as follows3 ,the label on the package states3 8,this preparation is a scientific combination of borate of sodium1 alumen1 carbolic acid1 glycerin and the crystallized principles of thyme1 eucalyptus1 gaultheria1 and mentha1 in the form of a powder10 etc4 ,the statement that the powder contains the crystalline principles of thyme1 eucalyptus1 gaultheria and mentha is vague and misleading1 since the chief medical constituents of eucalyptus and gaultheria are liquids1 but it tends to convey the impression that the powder contains the essential constituents of these drugs1 namely1 thymol1 oil of eucalyptus or eucalyptol1 oil of wintergreen1 or methyl salicylate1 and menthol4 ,the literature supplied to physicians claims its composition to be3 8,parts1 sod4 bor41 #ej2 alumen1 #ej2 ac4 carbol41 #e2 glycerin1 #e2 the cryst4 principles of thyme1 #e2 eucalyptus1 #e2 gaultheria1 #e1 and mentha1 #e40 ,the composition1 therefore1 might be expressed as follows3-- ,sodium borate 7borax7 #ej parts1 or #chdf per cent4 ,alum #ej parts1 or #chdf per cent4 ,phenol 7carbolic acid7 #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,glycerin #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,thymol #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,oil of eucalyptus or eucalyptol #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,oil of gaultheria 7or menthyl salicylate7 #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,menthol #e parts1 or #che per cent4 ,analysis of specimens purchased from different sources in the open market were made under our direction4 ,the reports of the chemists show that ,tyree's antiseptic powder contains no borax1 or mere traces only1 and that it contains no alum1 or mere traces only4 ,instead1 the analyses show that boric acid and zinc sulphate are the essential constituents4 ,the amounts of carbolic acid1 thymol1 menthol1 etc41 contained in the powder1 if present1 were far below the quantities indicated by the formula4 ,the presence of glycerin could not be demonstrated1 and if present the amount must be very small4 ,our chemist reports3-- ,the result of analysis shows that different samples differ slightly in composition1 but that the following indicates the average composition of the product3-- ,per cent4 ,zinc sulphate1 anhydrous #ae4ef4 ,boric acid #ha4bf4 ,volatile matter at #ajj ,c4 for four hours #j4de4 ,the undetermined portion consists of salicylic acid1 carbolic acid1 menthol and eucalyptol2 possibly other antiseptic agents may be present in very minute quantities4 ,from the above findings we conclude that ,tyree's antiseptic powder is a mixture of boric acid and dried zinc sulphate and antiseptic bodies1 such as menthol1 salicylic acid and carbolic acid1 eucalyptol1 etc4 ,from this it can be readily seen that the label which is supposed to set forth the composition of ,tyree's antiseptic powder is not in accord with the facts4 ,the powder does not contain either borate of sodium or alum1 and the presence of glycerin could not be established4 ,the antiseptic agents1 exclusive of the boric acid1 are present only in small amounts4 ,the report of another analyst concludes as follows3 ,it evidently contains less than the amount stated of the principles of thyme1 eucalyptus1 wintergreen and mint4 ,it also contains a very small amount indeed of carbolic acid1 much less than that stated4 ,we have been unable to identify certainly the presence of glycerin1 and it is doubtful if it be present4 ,from the result of the analysis we feel confident that the preparation is to all intents and purposes a mixture of boric acid and sulphate of zinc4 ,the carbolic acid1 thyme1 eucalyptus1 wintergreen1 etc41 if present1 are present only in sufficient amount to give the compound a satisfactory odor4 ,in view of the fact that ,j4 ,s4 ,tyree has given wide publicity to a formula which the preceding report has shown to be a deliberate misrepresentation of fact1 it is recommended that the article be refused recognition by the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry1 and that this report be published in the ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association4 ,the recommendation of the subcommittee was adopted by the ,council in accordance with which the report is published4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,puckner1 ,secretary4 ,in a letter to the editor of the ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association1 ,mr4 ,tyree admits changing the formula of the powder1 and says that it had been his intention to state to the medical profession his reasons for making the change4 ,in commenting on the letter it is noted that ,mr4 ,tyree does not state whether the change was made one year ago or five years ago1 but the sample for the first analysis was purchased last ,february1 and the first chemist's report was submitted to the ,council ,march #e1 #aijf4 ,on ,april #dth1 ,mr4 ,tyree was notified by the ,council that the composition of 8,tyree's ,antiseptic ,powder0 did not correspond with the formula published by him4 ,whether or not ,mr4 ,tyree is justified in offering to physicians a preparation as composed chiefly of borax and alum1 when in reality it is composed of boric acid and zinc sulphate1 is left for physicians to judge4 ,,fraud ,,and ,,deception ,,in ,,preparations ,,of ,,cod-,,liver ,,oil4 ,the ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association1 ,october #ac1 #aijf1 exposes the fraud and deception practised by certain proprietary firms in putting on the market preparations purporting to contain cod-liver oil1 when1 in fact1 they contain no oil at all4 ,it is conceded by pharmacologists that the value of these remedies depends on the nutritive power of the fat1 and any preparation which contains fat must respond to simple tests which the physician can personally apply4 ,the preparations claiming to represent cod-liver oil are in liquid form1 and if they contain oil it must be in one of the following forms3 7#a7 ,an emulsion of the oil which may be miscible with water1 but from which the fat tends to separate and rise to the top4 ,in this form the fat can be seen as globules under the microscope4 7#b7 ,a solution1 resulting from the saponification of the oil1 containing a soap which usually will be alkaline in reaction1 especially when mixed with water1 and from which fatty acids are separated as a precipitate when the solution is acidified4 7#c7 ,a solution of fatty acids4 ,this will be acid in reaction and will be precipitated by the addition of water1 in which the fatty acids are not soluble4 ,an examination of one of these preparations1 e4 g41 ,waterbury's ,metabolized ,cod-,liver ,oil1 which1 it is claimed1 8contains the metabolized product obtained by the action of ferments on cod-liver oil10 shows that it is neither an emulsion1 a solution of soap1 nor a solution of fatty acids1 and more careful analysis shows that it contains no fat or fat acids 7except the merest traces74 ,no intelligent physician should be misled by the extravagant and unfounded claims made for this preparation4 ,hagee's ,cordial of ,cod-,liver ,oil is a representative of a class of preparations which claim to 8represent the oil1 but contain no fat10 and are therefore practically worthless4 ,the claims of therapeutic value for such preparations can not be substantiated4 ,some such remedies are advertised as extracts of cod-liver oil1 when1 in fact1 they are made from cod livers1 but not from cod-liver oil4 ,these preparations1 if honestly made1 might be worthy of a trial1 but they are not preparations of cod-liver oil1 and should not be so termed4 ,so far as we know1 however1 no satisfactory evidence is forthcoming that such extractives have any therapeutic value4 ,the attempt to modify cod-liver oil for therapeutic purposes may be pronounced a failure and the large variety and extensive sale of these preparations appear to be owing to the fact that physicians do not recall the ordinary facts of chemistry1 but accept too readily the statements of the manufacturers4 ,,progress ,,in ,,pharmacy4 ,a ,,quarterly ,,review ,,of ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,more ,,important ,,advances ,,in ,,pharmacy ,,and ,,materia ,,medica4 ,,by ,m4 ,i4 ,,wilbert1 ,apothecary at the ,german ,hospital1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,the ,food and ,drugs ,act1 ,june #cj1 #aijf1 continues to be the leading topic for discussion in pharmaceutical journals and in pharmaceutical circles generally4 ,in many of the larger cities special meetings have been held at which the probable effect of the law1 directly as well as indirectly1 on the several branches of pharmacy have been discussed at length4 ,wholesale druggists and manufacturing pharmacists appear to be heartily in favor of the underlying principles and of the general provisions of the ,federal pure food and drug law1 despite the fact that it has imposed an enormous amount of additional work and expense for which they can scarcely expect to be adequately recompensed4 ,the proposition to endorse the ,federal law1 by corresponding laws in the several ,states1 has aroused considerable opposition on the part of retail pharmacists1 who appear to be either indifferent or else fearful lest the additional obligations that would be imposed on them might be too exacting or else involve an undue amount of work or expense to comply with4 ,in this connection we should remember that pharmacists1 as such1 have taken little or no part in securing the enactment of the ,federal pure food and drug law1 and that1 as a consequence1 they have thus sacrificed no little of their professional independence and prestige4 ,this apathy on the part of pharmacists is even now being taken advantage of by members of boards of health1 ,food and ,dairy ,commissioners and well-meaning but frequently misinformed reformers who are actively at work to secure food and drug legislation along the lines of the ,national law4 ,in by far the greater number of ,state legislatures1 now in session1 bills for laws of this kind have been introduced1 and whether enacted into laws or not1 will tend to show the wants or desires of retail pharmacists1 and1 if opposed or ignored1 will seriously reflect on the ability and professional disinterestedness of pharmacists themselves4 ,retail pharmacists should1 and if they desire to maintain their standing in the community they must1 favor pure food and drug legislation that is designed to protect the public4 ,by themselves taking an active interest in the securing of legislation along these lines they could readily prevent the enactment of ill-advised measures that would tend to hamper or restrict them in the pursuance of their business4 ,that the medical profession in all sections of the country is clearly in favor of pure food and drug legislation was plainly evidenced at the ,conference of the ,committee on ,medical ,legislation1 of the ,american ,medical ,association1 with the ,national ,legislative ,council1 held at ,washington1 ,d4,c41 ,december #acth to #aeth inclusive4 ,state legislation was discussed at some length and the representatives of the several ,state ,medical ,associations who were present expressed themselves in no uncertain way as being in favor of the individual ,states endorsing the ,federal ,food and ,drugs ,act4 ,the proceedings of this conference have been published in pamphlet form1 comprising sixty-eight pages of closely printed material4 ,this pamphlet contains much that is of interest to pharmacists1 and may be obtained from the ,secretary of the ,bureau of ,medical ,legislation of the ,american ,medical ,association1 #ajc ,dearborn ,avenue1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,the available literature on pure food and drug legislation is rapidly assuming huge proportions4 ,in addition to the liberal space that is devoted to the question in the current numbers of pharmaceutical journals1 a number of reprints of material of this kind have appeared4 ,not the least interesting of these reprints is a pamphlet of sixty-four pages entitled3-- ,the ,food and ,drug ,act as it relates to drugs1 examined and explained in connection with the rules and regulations for its enforcement4 ,this pamphlet is published by the ,national ,druggist1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 and contains in addition to the law itself and the regulations pertaining to it1 a number of interesting decisions and much additional material bearing more or less directly on the proper interpretation of the ,food and ,drugs ,act4 ,digest of ,national ,food and ,drugs ,act and ,regulations1 by ,mahlon ,n4 ,kline1 is the title of a pamphlet containing upwards of seventy-two pages that has recently been sent out with the compliments of the ,smith1 ,kline1 ,french ,company1 ,philadelphia4 ,in addition to a transcript of the ,food and ,drugs ,act1 and of the rules and regulations for the enforcement of the same1 this pamphlet also contains a number of additional opinions1 replies and explanations that have been published from time to time2 also a legal exposition of the ,food and ,drugs ,act by ,george ,l4 ,douglas1 attorney for the ,proprietary ,association of ,america2 extracts from the recently published 8,standard of ,purity for ,food ,products10 and much additional information of interest to retail pharmacists4 ,the ,ladies' ,home ,journal ,bill1 or a corresponding measure to regulate the manufacture and sale of so-called patent medicines1 has been introduced in upwards of ten of the ,state legislatures now in session4 ,this bill1 originally published in the ,ladies' ,home ,journal about a year ago1 is essentially a formula on the label bill and provides1 in addition1 that preparations containing one or more of certain specified drugs be labeled poison4 ,anti-narcotic legislation is also receiving a fair proportion of attention4 ,the most drastic of these measures is probably the one that has been introduced into the legislature of the ,state of ,new ,york1 at the instance of the ,evening ,journal4 ,this bill prohibits the sale of opium1 chloral1 cocaine1 eucaine or acetanilid1 or any preparation containing them1 except on the original written prescription of a physician1 dentist or veterinarian4 ,in several ,states1 notably ,texas and ,missouri1 bills are pending that are designed to improve or to revise the laws governing the practice of pharmacy4 ,patent ,reform ,bill4--,representative ,currier1 ,chairman of the ,house ,committee on ,patents1 has introduced a bill to substitute the much discussed ,mann bill4 ,this bill1 popularly known as the ,currier bill1 is practically a revival of the reciprocity feature of the original ,mann bill1 but is not restricted to medicine1 or medicinal products and includes patents of all kinds4 ,the ,currier bill provides3 8,that any patent issued to a citizen or subject of a foreign country1 shall be upon the same conditions and for the same term as are patents issued by such country to citizens of the ,united ,states40 ,this single provision1 it is said1 would effectually correct the evils arising from our present system of process and product patents1 but would be contrary to the terms of the ,international ,convention for the protection of industrial property and will no doubt be vigorously opposed on this ground4 ,incorporation of the ,public ,health ,defense ,league4 ,a bill has been introduced into the ,legislature of the ,state of ,new ,york providing for the incorporation of the ,public ,health ,defense ,league1 under a special charter patterned after that of the ,red ,cross ,society4 ,the object of this new society is announced as being an organized movement against medical and surgical quacks1 frauds in patent medicines or nostrums1 and an effort to obtain and to disseminate accurate information concerning practices and conditions of every kind that are dangerous to the public health and morals4 7,journal ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 #aijg1 page #bcf47 ,sunday ,rest in ,france4--,pharmacists in ,france are not alone adapting themselves to the recently enacted ,sunday ,rest ,law1 but are even going farther and are adopting earlier hours for closing during the week4 ,at ,grenoble1 where ,sunday closing has been in vogue for some time1 the pharmacists have decided to close at #h ,p4,m4 daily and to organize a night service by rotation4 ,the syndicate of ,paris pharmacists recommends that its members adopt #i ,p4,m4 as the hour for closing during the week and to close from midday till the following morning on ,sundays and bank holidays4 7,chem4 and ,drug41 #aijf1 page #gge47 ,popularity of ,pasteur in ,france4--,the ,petit ,parisien has taken a rather interesting plebiscite as to who is thought to be the greatest of nineteenth century ,frenchmen4 ,in the voting ,pasteur took the lead from the first1 followed by ,victor ,hugo1 ,gambetta1 ,napoleon ,i1 ,thiers and ,lazare ,carnot1 in the order named4 7,chem4 and ,drug41 #aijg1 page #f47 ,doses in the ,codex4--,the ,codex ,revision ,committee has decided to include a list of maximum doses in a supplement to the ,codex1 and has delegated the work of drawing up such a list to a special committee including ,,mm4 ,laudouszy1 ,marty1 ,bourquelot1 ,gilbert and ,yvon4 7,chem4 and ,drug41 ,dec41 #aijf1 page #hhd47 ,the ,druggists' ,circular has rounded out a half century of its existence4 ,the ,january1 #aijg1 number of this journal constitutes a fiftieth anniversary number and comprises a total of #cbj pages4 ,the #aij or more pages that are devoted to reading matter contain quite an exhaustive review of ,american pharmacy during the past fifty years4 ,all of the more interesting articles are liberally illustrated and the number itself will no doubt be appreciated as an album of men who have contributed1 or are now contributing1 to the development of the science of pharmacy in ,america4 ,incompatibility of ,pepsin and ,pancreatin in liquid preparations4--,a report of the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry of the ,american ,medical ,association 7,journal ,american ,medical ,association1 ,february #b1 #aijg1 p4 #dcd7 calls renewed attention to the generally well-known fact that despite the frequently made statement that pepsin and pancreatin must be incompatible in liquid preparations a number of such mixtures are still being offered by manufacturers or retail pharmacists and are used by physicians4 ,the ,council has investigated a number of preparations of this type and has invariably found them to be practically inert in at least some of the claims made for them4 ,having demonstrated that pepsin and pancreatin cannot exist in one and the same solution for any reasonable length of time and that preparations that are said to contain these two ferments are sold under impossible claims1 the ,council recommends3 7#a7 ,that the ,council on ,pharmacy and ,chemistry refuse to approve liquid preparations that are claimed to contain both pepsin and pancreatin4 7#b7 ,that the medical profession through the ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association be advised of the fallacy of employing such combinations4 7#c7 ,that the attention of manufacturers be called to the worthlessness of such incompatible liquid preparations of pepsin and pancreatin and that they be urged to cease offering such products to the profession4 7#d7 ,that since the ,national ,formulary has recognized a preparation of this kind under the title 8,elixir ,digestivum ,compositum0 the ,american ,pharmaceutical ,association be requested to instruct its committee on the ,national ,formulary to omit this preparation from the next edition4 ,acetanilid ,mixtures4--,the mixtures of acetanilid and other ingredients that formerly were exploited as definite chemical compounds are now being marketed as mixtures1 and1 in some cases at least1 have had their composition changed so as to be totally unrecognizable4 ,antikamnia1 under the regulations of the ,pure ,food and ,drugs ,act1 is being marketed as a mixture containing #cej grains of acetphenetidin in each ounce4 ,pharmacists who are in the habit of filling prescriptions for physicians calling for 8antikamnia0 in solution will now experience the additional difficulty of being obliged to explain why the new antikamnia differs from the old in its physical properties4 ,ammonol4--,this preparation is said to be ,ammoniumphenylacetamid on one portion of its label and directly under it is said to contain #bdj grains of paracetyl-phenetidin in each ounce4 ,phenalgin1 marketed as an ammoniated phenylacetamide1 is labeled as containing #ej per cent4 of acetanilidum4 ,benzosalin4--,methyl benzoyl salicylate occurs as a white crystalline powder having a slight aromatic odor and taste4 ,the substance melts at from #hd to #he ,c4 ,it is nearly insoluble in water1 but is soluble in #ce parts of alcohol and is readily soluble in chloroform but somewhat less so in ether4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijf1 p4 #ajec47 ,borovertin4--,this is the name that has been applied to hexamethylene tetramine triborate4 ,the substance occurs as a yellowish white powder readily soluble in water and having a distinctly bitter taste4 ,it may be given in doses of from #a to #d grammes daily4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijf1 p4 #ibh47 ,castor oil in form of powder4--,a recently issued ,german patent describes a process for preparing a supposedly active preparation of castor oil in powder form4 ,this is accomplished by the addition of light calcined magnesia to an emulsion of castor oil1 or by adding a specific quantity of castor oil to the same weight of calcined magnesia that has been moistened with distilled water1 and drying the resulting mixture and powdering the residue4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijg1 p4 #fe47 ,cystopurin4--,this is said to be a combination of one molecule of hexamethylene tetramine with two molecules of sodium acetate4 ,it occurs as white1 nearly tasteless crystals that are readily soluble in either hot or cold water4 ,cystopurin may be administered in doses of #a or #b grammes three times a day4 7,phar4 ,zeit41 #aijg1 page #dh47 ,forgenin4--,this is said to be tetra methyl ammonium formiate and responds to all of the known reactions for formic acid compounds4 ,it is being recommended1 in small doses1 as a heart tonic4 7,phar4 ,zeit41 #aijg1 page #dh47 ,levurinose is a name given to a yeast that has been desiccated by means of a current of cold air so as to preserve the individual yeast cells intact4 ,this preparation has been recommended to be used in affections of the skin1 such as acne1 eczema1 furunculosis1 urticaria1 etc4 7,phar4 ,zeit41 #aijg1 page #dg47 ,mistura ,strzyzowski is the formidable name1 applied in ,austria1 to a mixture containing ferric pyrophosphate1 quinine hydrochloride and sodium bromide4 ,this mixture is directed to be prepared as follows3-- ,sodium bromide #hjj is dissolved in distilled water1 #djjj2 syrup of orange peel1 #bjjj2 alcohol1 #ajjj4 ,mix and add a solution of quinine hydrochloride1 #ajj in distilled water1 #djjj2 and syrup of orange peel1 #bjjj4 ,mix1 and then add the following1 prepared by slightly warming3 ,ferric pyrophosphate with ammonium citrate1 #djj in distilled water1 #djjj4 ,mix1 and add syrup of orange peel1 #djjj4 ,dose1 one to two teaspoonfuls1 with water1 two or three times a day4 ,novaspirin is the name applied to methyl citric acid ester of salicylic acid4 ,it occurs as a white powder having a slightly acid taste4 ,it is nearly insoluble in water but is readily soluble in alcohol4 ,novaspirin may be given in doses of #a gramme three times a day4 7,phar4 ,zeit41 #aijg1 page #i47 ,quinine ,phytinate4--,anhydro oxymethylene diphosphate of quinine occurs as a yellow powder1 very soluble in water but almost insoluble in alcohol1 ether1 benzin or chloroform4 ,the substance contains #eg per cent4 of quinine and has an intensely bitter taste4 ,scarlatin ,marpman is an antitoxin preparation that1 given internally1 is being used as a prophylactic for scarlet fever4 ,it is said to be produced by inoculating animals with infectious material from scarlet fever patients and inoculating other animals with the serum taken from the first4 ,the serum from the blood of the second animal is used to immunize other animals1 and it is from these immunized animals that the antitoxin serum is prepared4 ,scarlatin is a yellowish1 opalescent liquid having a slight odor and a salty taste4 ,the substance has a specific gravity of from #ajab to #ajac1 is neutral in reaction and gives a copious precipitate with reagents for albumin4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijg1 page #fi47 ,solubility of ,salicin4--,d4 ,b4 ,dott 7,phar4 ,jour41 #aijg1 page #gi7 finds that the solubility of salicin1 as given in the ,british ,pharmacopia 7#a in #bh7 is practically correct1 while that of the ,u4 ,s4 ,p4 7#a in #ba at #be ,c47 is too high4 ,using pure salicin1 that melted at #bja ,c41 he finds that it has a solubility of #a in #bd at #be ,c41 or very nearly that called for by the ,british ,pharmacopia at ordinary temperatures4 ,substitutes for ,cocaine4--,dr4 ,hugo ,wintersteiner 7,wiener ,mea4 ,wochensch41 #aijf1 page #acci7 reports a comprehensive comparative study of the use of cocaine and its various substitutes in eye work4 ,of the numerous substances that have been proposed from time to time he describes tropococain1 holocain1 eucain1 stovain1 alypin and novocain at some length and concludes that while it is true that these substances are relatively more stable than cocain1 and are therefore more readily sterilized1 the numerous objectionable features1 such as unreliability1 irritating properties and the production of a hyperemia1 are so much more objectionable that cocaine must be admitted to be by far the most satisfactory as well as the safest local anesthetic in all varieties of eye work4 ,tannisol is a reddish-brown1 odorless and tasteless powder that is insoluble in water1 ether or benzine1 but is soluble in alcohol and in dilute solutions of alkalies or of the alkaline carbonates4 ,it is directed to be used internally in cases of intestinal catarrh1 and externally for a variety of inflammatory conditions of the skin4 ,internally it may be given in doses of #jej gramme 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijf1 page #ajjf74 ,theolactin4--,this name has been applied to a double salt of theobromin sodium and sodium lactate4 ,it occurs as a white hygroscopic powder1 readily soluble in water and having a distinctly bitter taste4 ,it is said to be an active diuretic1 but is not free from occasional side effects in the form of gastric disturbances4 7,phar4 ,zeit41 #aijg1 page #di47 ,tinctura olea ,europeae4--,a tincture made with #fj per cent4 alcohol from the dried leaves of the ,european olive has been used as a febrifuge as well as a general tonic in place of the tincture of cinchona bark4 ,triacetyl morphin4--,this substance has been isolated from a mixture of acetyl derivatives of morphin4 ,triacetyl morphin melts at from #bjf to #bjh ,c41 is only slightly soluble in water or cold alcohol1 but is readily soluble in acids4 ,with hydrochloric acid it forms a salt that crystallizes in the form of long needles4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijf1 page #ibh47 ,tulaselactin is the name given by ,behring to a substance that is expected to immunize infants against tuberculosis4 7,phar4 ,centralh41 #aijg1 page #bd47 ,tulase 7,a4 ,j4 ,p41 #aijf1 page #ehb7 is the name given by ,behring to his immunizing and curative serum for tuberculosis4 ,this preparation is said to contain all of the constituents of the ,koch bacillus4 ,it occurs as a clear fluid which has the general outward characteristics of thin honey4 ,it may be given subcutaneously1 intravenously or by mouth4 ,the mixture of tulase with milk1 mentioned above1 is the form in which it may be administered to infants4 ,tulase is now being used in an experimental way1 but ,behring himself warns against too much reliance being placed on the curative properties of the substance4 ,,correspondence4 ,editor of the ,,american ,,journal ,,of ,,pharmacy4 ,,dear ,,sir3--,i send you herewith the result of the votes of the ,committee of ,revision upon the first instalment of corrections in the ,u4 ,s4 ,pharmacopia1 eighth revision1 since the passage of the ,food and ,drugs ,act4 ,very truly yours1 ,,joseph ,p4 ,,remington1 ,chairman4 ,,changes ,,and ,,corrections ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,pharmacop,,ia4 7,eighth revision47 ,belladonna ,leaf now #jc per cent4 mydriatic alkaloids4 ,belladonna ,root now #jde per cent4 mydriatic alkaloids4 ,colchicum ,seed now #jde per cent4 of colchicine4 ,ipecac now #age per cent4 of ipecac alkaloids4 ,stramonium now #jbe per cent4 of mydriatic alkaloids4 ,fluidextract of ,belladonna ,root now #jd gramme alkaloids in #ajj c4c4 ,tincture of ,belladonna ,leaf now #jjc gramme alkaloids in #ajj c4c4 ,fluidextract of ,colchicum ,seed now #jd gramme alkaloid in #ajj c4c4 ,tincture of ,colchicum ,seed now #jjd gramme alkaloid in #ajj c4c4 ,fluidextract of ,ipecac now #ae gramme alkaloids in #ajj c4c4 ,fluidextract of ,stramonium now #jbe gramme alkaloids in #ajj c4c4 ,extract of ,stramonium now #aj per cent4 alkaloids4 ,tincture of ,stramonium now #jjbe gramme alkaloids in #ajj c4c4 ,jalap ,root now #g per cent4 of total resin4 ,under the article ,petrolatum1 p4 #ccf1 ,u4 ,s4 ,p41 last paragraph1 the sulphuric acid test has been dropped4 ,february #ae1 #aijg4 ,,book ,,reviews4 ,,elements ,,of ,,general ,,chemistry ,,with ,,experiments4 ,by ,john ,h4 ,long1 ,m4,s41 ,sc4,d41 ,professor of ,chemistry and ,director of the ,chemical ,laboratories in the ,northwestern ,university ,medical ,school4 ,fourth edition1 revised and enlarged4 ,illustrated4 ,philadelphia3 ,p4 ,blakiston's ,son ,co41 #aijf4 ,that ,professor ,long was more than justified in writing this textbook is shown by the fact that since the appearance of the first edition in #ahhh two other editions have been issued1 and it has been necessary now to issue a fourth edition4 ,the time has gone by in all of the sciences when it can be said that a student is acquainted with fundamental principles unless he has repeated some of the classroom work in the laboratory4 ,as ,dr4 ,long well says3 8,repetition is necessary to fix elementary principles thoroughly in the mind of the beginner40 ,the present edition contains some additional matter on the theories of solution1 the conditions of chemical equilibrium1 some newer views of chemical theory and the description of several new substances4 ,the book is a remarkably good one for the beginner1 and is well adapted to the needs of the ,freshmen class in any of the colleges where a general course in inorganic chemistry is given4 ,,chemical ,,abstracts4 ,published by the ,american ,chemical ,society4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,nos4 #a and #b4 ,easton1 ,pa43 ,the ,chemical ,publishing ,co4 ,january #a and #bj1 #aijg4 ,under this title the ,american ,chemical ,society has begun the publication of an independent semi-monthly periodical which shall furnish to ,american chemists at short intervals a full and comprehensive series of abstracts covering the whole range of pure and applied chemical science together with the titles of ,american1 ,british1 ,french and ,german patents on chemical subjects4 ,the importance and value of this undertaking can hardly be over-estimated4 ,the ,journal of the ,english ,chemical ,society has long covered somewhat similar ground1 but hardly in the complete manner that our ,american society has now attempted2 the ,journal of the ,society of ,chemical ,industry has always made a feature of its abstracts and patent references1 but these cover applied chemistry only2 the ,german ,chemical ,society some years ago took over the publication along with its ,berichte of the ,chemische ,centralblatt for this same purpose of furnishing a complete series of abstracts1 but it was felt that our ,american ,chemical ,society should take up this work for its own membership1 now numbering over #cjjj chemists4 ,so the ,society for the future will publish its ,journal as a monthly for original papers and communications1 of which it has as many as it can possibly find room for in its twelve issues1 and the ,abstract ,journal as a semi-monthly1 covering the whole field of pure and applied chemistry under some #cj subdivisions1 of which pharmaceutical chemistry is one4 ,that this subject will be cared for in an appreciative and intelligent way can be assumed1 as we note that ,prof4 ,a4 ,b4 ,stevens of ,ann ,arbor is in charge of the abstracts in this field4 ,for those who are not members of the ,society the subscription price is as follows3 ,journal of the ,american ,chemical ,society1 monthly1 #f2 ,chemical ,abstracts1 semi-monthly1 #f2 for both journals sent to the same subscriber1 #aj4 ,members of the ,american ,chemical ,society receive both journals for the annual membership fee of #h4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,sadtler4 ,,the ,,philadelphia ,,branch ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,pharmaceutical ,,association4 ,the regular stated meeting of the ,philadelphia ,branch of the ,american ,pharmaceutical ,association was held on the evening of ,friday1 ,january #d1 #aijg1 and was attended by #fc members and visitors4 ,the minutes of the previous meeting were read and declared approved4 ,the ,committee on ,sunday ,closing and the ,committee on ,state ,legislation made preliminary reports that were received and ordered filed4 ,on behalf of the ,committee on ,state ,legislation ,mr4 ,cliffe said that members of the committee had had an opportunity to confer with the members of a special committee of the ,state ,legislature on the subject and that a joint conference of members of committees interested in the enactment of a ,state ,food and ,drug ,law would be held at the ,philadelphia ,college of ,pharmacy on the evening of ,tuesday1 ,january #ae1 #aijg4 ,the regular program for the evening was then proceeded with4 ,this consisted of a discussion of 8,the ,debasing ,influences of ,fraudulent ,nostrums40 ,the first communication1 by ,dr4 ,solomon ,solis ,cohen1 was devoted to the consideration of 8,secrecy and ,fraud as ,deterring ,factors to the ,progress of ,medicine40 ,dr4 ,cohen1 in the course of his remarks1 said that progress means an ascent from little or no knowledge to knowledge1 and from knowledge to greater knowledge4 ,secrecy is the withholding of knowledge and breeds ignorance1 while fraud is even worse than ignorance in that it is designed to mislead4 ,dr4 ,cohen also asserted that therapeutics was difficult enough under the most favorable conditions and that in cases where a physician is confronted with secrecy or fraud1 in the statements made in connection with medicinal preparations1 he is likely to be misled himself and to do untold harm to his patients4 ,in concluding1 the speaker referred to a number of specific preparations which have been discovered to differ materially in composition from what was claimed for them4 ,he also expressed the hope that the ,federal ,pure ,food and ,drugs ,law would be instrumental in leading manufacturers to more duly appreciate the need for a greater degree of honesty in the exploitation of their wares4 ,if pharmacy is to make progress and if medicine is to make progress it will necessitate a full and complete knowledge of the composition and action of the substances used in the treatment of diseases4 ,the next communication1 by ,dr4 ,henry ,leffmann1 dealt with3 8,known and ,unknown ,changes in the ,composition of well-known ,nostrums40 ,dr4 ,leffmann said that the question of secrecy was one of the most intricate problems and one that involved a number of factors4 ,secrecy in connection with nostrums1 the composition of which was known only to some one or more individuals1 but not to all was an objectionable feature and frequently led to arbitrary and in many instances dangerous changes in the composition and the action of nostrums4 ,dr4 ,leffmann then called attention to a number of specific instances in which it was known that changes had been made in the composition of widely advertised nostrums and also pointed out how these changes might be injurious to the consumer4 8,criminal ,responsibility in the ,sale of ,abortifacients0 was the subject matter of the communication by ,dr4 ,henry ,beates1 ,jr4 ,dr4 ,beates referred to the various statutes relating to the use1 sale or distribution of abortifacients and condemned1 in no uncertain terms1 the practice of advertising1 in lay journals1 articles designed to prevent conception or to produce abortion4 ,he held that additional publicity might well be given to the serious nature of the questions involved1 and urged that steps be taken to prevent the use of the ,united ,states mails by newspapers and magazines publishing advertisements of abortifacients or of instruments designed to prevent conception4 ,dr4 ,john ,b4 ,roberts1 in opening the general discussion of the question1 asserted that there certainly could be no difference of opinion on the degrading influences of practices that1 as had been shown by the previous speakers1 tended to convert pharmacists and pharmaceutical manufacturers into liars and medical practitioners into frauds and fakirs4 ,the subject matter was further discussed by ,dr4 ,henry ,w4 ,cattell1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,e4 ,stewart1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,b4 ,lowe and ,messrs4 ,remington1 ,la,wall1 ,turner1 ,thum1 ,beringer1 ,vanderkleed1 ,cable1 ,westcott1 ,wilbert and ,cliffe4 ,mr4 ,cliffe presented the following resolutions1 which1 on motion1 were unanimously adopted3 ,resolved that the ,philadelphia ,branch of the ,american ,pharmaceutical ,association condemns the advertisement in drug journals1 magazines and newspapers of abortifacient medicines and deprecates their sale by reputable pharmacists4 ,resolved that all members of this branch be urged to exclude such medicines and articles from their stocks4 ,the secretary then read a communication entitled 8,objectionable ,side ,lines to the ,practice of ,medicine10 specifically mentioning several profit-sharing and stock-distributing schemes that are now doing business in the city of ,philadelphia4 ,this communication was1 on motion1 directed to be forwarded to the ,secretary of the ,philadelphia ,county ,medical ,society with the offer to submit additional evidence to the officials of that organization4 ,there being no further business the meeting was declared adjourned4 ,,february ,,meeting4 ,the regular stated meeting of the ,philadelphia ,branch of the ,american ,pharmaceutical ,association was held on the evening of ,tuesday1 ,february #e1 #aijg1 in the ,hall of the ,college of ,physicians4 ,the subject under discussion1 8,higher ,educational ,requirements for ,pharmacists10 has attracted considerable attention during the past year or more1 and it was therefore not surprising to find that retail pharmacists attending this meeting were comparatively well informed on questions relating to education1 and fully appreciated the need for more rapid advancement along educational lines in the future4 ,the first speaker on the subject1 ,mr4 ,william ,l4 ,cliffe1 in discussing 8,the ,practical ,needs for ,higher ,education in ,pharmacy10 called attention to the fact that the people at large are rapidly becoming more thoroughly familiarized with the needs and the wants of the practice of pharmacy4 ,he believes that with the further elimination of empiricism and mysticism from the science of medicine more will be expected of pharmacists1 and they in turn will be required to be educated in every way4 ,prof4 ,henry ,kraemer1 in speaking on 8,standards in ,pharmaceutical ,education10 7see p4 #aja7 called attention to the fact that up to the present time the progress of pharmacy in this country had been comparatively slow and that we are now entering on an era of more rapid development4 ,he believes that the enactment of pure food and drug laws will add great additional responsibility to the duties of the retail pharmacist and will also tend to more sharply define the corresponding duties of the colleges and of the boards of pharmacy4 ,dr4 ,horatio ,c4 ,wood1 ,jr41 in speaking on 8,the ,future ,elaboration of a ,course in ,pharmacy10 said that1 as a commercial pursuit1 the business of pharmacy must necessarily be one of limited scope and possibilities2 as a profession1 however1 pharmacy can be developed into an occupation of laudable aims and high ideals4 ,he believes that the pharmacist should develop as the assistant and the adviser of the physician1 who in turn must depend more and more on the efforts of the pharmacist to select for him and to improve on the efficiency of the available articles of the materia medica4 ,prof4 ,i4 ,v4 ,s4 ,stanislaus1 in opening the general discussion1 gave it as his opinion that the pharmacist of the future would again hold the same relative position to the public as did the apothecary of old4 ,the pharmacist of the future will be the chemist of the people1 the food and drug analyst1 the assistant and adviser of the physician1 in all matters relating to materia medica and chemistry1 and will1 therefore1 practically be the sanitarian of the community4 ,the subject was further discussed by ,messrs4 ,john ,k4 ,thum1 ,franklin ,apple1 ,jacob ,eppstein1 ,m4 ,i4 ,wilbert1 ,h4 ,c4 ,blair1 ,e4 ,fullerton ,cook1 ,john ,hahn and ,dr4 ,f4 ,e4 ,stewart4 ,from the general trend of this discussion it was plainly evident that the better informed retail pharmacists deeply appreciate their responsibility to the public1 and are willing and even anxious to meet their obligations fully4 ,at no time in the history of pharmacy in this country has it been so evident that the mentally and morally poor man should not be allowed to jeopardize the health and even the lives of his fellow beings as now4 ,it is clearly evident that pharmacists are beginning to realize that a full and complete appreciation of their duties to society at large must of necessity react to their own pecuniary advantage and will in addition procure for them the respect and the admiration of their fellow men4 ,m4 ,i4 ,,wilbert1 ,secretary4 ,a ,,review ,,of ,,the ,,opsonins ,,and ,,bacterial ,,vaccines4#b ,,by ,e4 ,m4 ,,houghton4 ,as requested by the ,therapeutic ,gazette1 ,i shall attempt to describe as succinctly as possible the theory of the opsonins and the therapeutic results that have been obtained by the application of the new theory4 ,as the years go by we realize more thoroughly the correctness of the prophetic belief of the 8,immortal ,pasteur10 that the day would come when it would be possible to eradicate the infectious diseases by vaccination4 ,we are indebted to ,metchnikoff for calling attention to and explaining the rle of the white blood cells in the defence of the body against bacterial invasion1 but the phenomenon of phagocytosis is not so simple as it at first appeared1 as little by little new facts are developed which amplify our knowledge of the subject4 ,it was shown by ,denys and ,leclef1 in #ahie1 that when rabbits were immunized against ,streptococcus pyogenes the serum acquired but slight bactericidal properties1 but that such serum1 when brought in contact with the leucocytes of normal or immunized rabbits1 greatly enhanced their phagocytic activity4 ,conversely no acceleration of phagocytosis was observed when the corpuscles were brought in contact with the serum of a normal animal4 ,mennes two years later confirmed this by showing that similar results were obtained from the blood serum of guinea-pigs treated with cultures or toxins of ,pneumococci4 ,a method of measuring the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes was developed by ,leishman in #aijb4 ,in #aijc ,wright and ,douglas made an extensive study of the phagocytes1 when brought in contact with suspensions of ,staphylococcus pyogenes1 and were able to show3 7#a7 ,quoting from the original3 8,we have here conclusive proof that the blood fluids modify the bacteria in a manner which renders them a ready prey to the phagocytes4 ,we may speak of this as an #8opsonic' effect 7opsono a ,latin verb1 ,i cater for2 ,i prepare victuals for71 and we may employ the term #8opsonins' to designate the elements in the blood fluids which produce this effect40 7#b7 ,normal blood serum and plasma possess the same opsonic action upon bacteria4 7#c7 ,serum loses its opsonic action when heated to #fj ,c4 ,this is spoken of as inactivated serum4 7#d7 ,inactivated serum and physiological salt solution have the same influence upon phagocytosis4 7#e7 8,the opsonic power of the blood fluids disappears gradually on standing10 losing about #ej per cent4 of its activity in five or six days4 7#f7 ,an anti-opsonic effect is noted when blood serum is digested with typhoid bacilli4 7#g7 ,when a condition of immunity is conferred upon patients infected by ,staphylococci1 by vaccination with heated cultures of ,staphylococci1 the opsonic action of the patient's blood serum is greatly augmented4 ,neufeld and ,rimpau 7#aijd7 found in antistreptococcic and pneumococcic sera evidence of substances which1 while inactive towards leucocytes1 possessed very marked opsonic or sensitizing action1 as they termed it1 toward corresponding cultures of streptococci and pneumococci4 ,ross 7,lancet1 ,november1 #aijf7 summarizes our knowledge of the opsonins as follows3 87#a7 ,opsonins act by chemically uniting with the invading bacteria1 and so altering them that the leucocytes are able to phagocyte the bacteria and destroy them4 ,it is important to remember that these substances do not stimulate or otherwise affect the leucocytes4 87#b7 ,it is probable that there are present many varieties of opsonins in the blood plasma1 each having to do with combating a particular kind of microbic invasion4 87#c7 ,opsonins have been shown to be distinct from other bacteriotropic substances1 such as the bacteriolysins1 the agglutinins1 and the antitoxins40 ,the leucocytes of healthy or diseased persons seem to be equally active when brought in contact with the same serum1 hence the amount of opsonins present in the blood of an individual determines1 according to the opsonic theory1 his susceptibility to bacterial invasion4 ,,technique4 ,to measure the resistance of the patient to such invasion1 or to find out his opsonic index1 special technique has been developed1 which may be briefly described as follows3 ,i4 ,,emulsions ,,of ,,bacteria4 ,twenty-four-hour or younger growths of the rapid-growing bacteria1 as ,staphylococci1 ,streptococci1 ,pneumococci1 ,gonococci and ,colon bacilli1 upon inclined agar are washed off with normal saline solution4 ,after the mixture has sedimented1 the upper1 whitish layer composed of fluid and bacteria is removed with a pipette1 and the finer clumps of bacteria precipitated by placing the fluid in a rapidly rotated centrifuge for a few minutes4 ,the supernatant layer1 which is still opalescent and is called a bacterial emulsion1 should if suitable for work contain the germs in a well-separated condition4 ,cultures of tubercle germs are heated1 and ground in a mortar with salt solution until the mass is well broken up1 and then centrifugated4 ,in case glycerin cultures are used1 such as are left in the manufacture of ,koch's old tuberculin1 the glycerin must be removed by repeated washing with water and finally with #ae per cent4 salt solution4 ,the washed culture is worked up in a mortar and centrifugated until the clumps are practically all thrown down1 and the cloudy layer or emulsion is removed4 ,the emulsions must be of uniform density4 ,wright computed the number of germs in a given volume by counting1 but ,mc,farland and ,l',engle devised an apparatus which is called a nephelometer1 consisting essentially of mixtures of ,ba,s,o#d1 put up in sealed tubes1 which correspond to solutions containing from #a to #aj per cent4 of ,ba,cl#b1 which serve as standards4 ,the turbidity of the emulsion is compared in similar layer with the standard tubes of ,ba,s,o#d4 ,they found that the tube containing 8#e per cent4 of ,ba,cl#b corresponds to the most useful bacterial suspension40 ,the permanency of the emulsions varies a good deal4 ,suspensions of the gonococci should be used at once1 staphylococci within two days1 etc41 while the emulsion of tubercle germs may be employed indefinitely4 ,,ii4 ,,washed ,,white ,,blood-,,corpuscles4 ,the finger or lobe of the ear is punctured as in making a blood count1 and the blood is allowed to drop directly into normal saline1 #he per cent4 solution1 containing about #a per cent4 sodium citrate2 this decalcifies the blood and prevents clotting4 ,the corpuscles are completely precipitated in the centrifuge1 and then repeatedly washed with #he per cent4 saline and centrifugated1 until all traces of the citrate and serum are removed4 ,after the final precipitation the saline solution is withdrawn1 and the thin upper grayish layer of the sediment1 the leucocytic cream1 consisting for the most part of washed white blood cells1 is removed4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,serum4 ,blood is obtained in the usual way1 but is collected in small1 bent1 glass tubes1 which can be readily held in the centrifuge and the serum separated4 ,in obtaining normal serum1 care must be exercised in selecting a healthy subject1 or1 what is better1 obtain serum from the mixed blood of several normal persons' 8,pool40 ,,iv4 ,,stain4 ,with the exception of ,malta fever and tubercle bacilli1 ,leishman's stain1 consisting of eosin and methylene-blue1 in combination1 or ,jenner's stain1 is employed4 ,carbol-fuchsin is employed for the tubercle bacilli4 ,,method ,,of ,,obtaining ,,opsonic ,,index4 ,special capillary pipettes1 graduated into equal divisions1 are required2 then by means of a rubber tube or bulb equal quantities of washed corpuscles1 bacterial emulsion1 and patient's serum are taken up1 and all blown out upon a glass slide and thoroughly mixed4 ,the mixture is then drawn up in a small pipette1 sealed1 and placed in an incubator of the ordinary type1 or preferably in an opsonic incubator as proposed by ,freeman2 it is heated to #cg to #dj ,c4 for fifteen minutes4 ,a similar tube is prepared1 except that the normal serum or 8,pool0 is employed instead of the patient's serum4 ,at the end of fifteen minutes the smears on microscopical slides are made from each tube1 fixed1 and stained4 ,a good field is selected1 one containing many leucocytes1 the number of germs counted in the first fifty or hundred observed1 and an average per leucocyte determined4 ,if the average in the mixture containing the normal serum is two1 we would say that the normal opsonic index is two1 and if the mixture containing the patient's blood serum is one per corpuscle1 we would say that his index was one-half1 etc4 ,wright and his pupils1 as the result of numerous observations1 classify diseases due to bacterial infections3 7#a7 8,diseases in which the bacterial process is strictly localized0 or 8shut off from the lymph and blood circulations40 ,furunculosis1 lupus1 tuberculosis1 etc41 in fact most chronic infections1 belong to this class4 8,in this class the opsonic index of the blood is persistently below normal1 owing to the absence of immunizing stimuli40 7#b7 8,diseases in which the bacterial process is but loosely shut off1 especially from the lymph circulation40 ,in these1 usually acute1 infections immunizing products from the invading bacteria from time to time get into the circulation1 and the opsonic index may be normal or above or below normal4 ,good examples of this class are tuberculous joints1 etc4 7#c7 8,diseases in which the bacterial infection is in the blood stream40 ,in this class belong acute infectious diseases1 septicemia1 endocarditis1 ,malta fever1 etc4 ,in these 8the opsonic index is generally below normal40 ,wright and ,douglas lay down the following general principles for treating cases of bacterial infections3 7#a7 8,isolate in pure culture the causative microrganism40 7#b7 8,estimate the opsonic power of the patient's blood to this microrganism40 7#c7 8,if the opsonic index be at or below normal1 prepare and standardize a vaccine from this microrganism40 7#d7 8,inoculate the patient with this vaccine with appropriate doses and at proper intervals1 as shown by a systematic estimation of the opsonic content of the patient's blood40 ,,preparation ,,of ,,vaccines4 ,the vaccines1 with the exception of the tubercle vaccine1 consist of emulsions of heated cultures of the particular germ producing the infection4 ,luxuriant cultures of the desired organism are grown upon inclined agar2 the growth is then removed with salt solution and a glass rod1 and thoroughly emulsified by shaking in a test-tube1 in order to get the germs well distributed and the clumps broken up4 ,the number of germs in a given quantity of the emulsion is then determined by comparing the number of germs and red blood-corpuscles in a mixture of one part emulsion1 one part freshly drawn blood1 and three parts of normal salt solution4 ,if there are ten times as many germs as blood-corpuscles1 the bacterial suspension contains approximately #de1jjj1jjj germs per cubic centimeter4 ,the number of germs present will of course vary with the density of the emulsion4 ,the bacterial suspension is heated at the lowest temperature and for the shortest possible time to kill it4 ,the amount of sterilization will differ with different organisms2 #fj ,c4 or less maintained for thirty minutes or less is usually sufficient4 ,cultures from the vaccine are finally made to insure that it is sterile and safe and some preservative added4 ,tubercle ,vaccine4--,this is the 8,new ,tuberculin ,koch10 an opalescent fluid1 containing the active principle of tuberle bacilli obtained according to the method of ,koch4 ,,therapeutic ,,application4 ,after a proper diagnosis has been made1 the patient's opsonic index taken1 and the appropriate vaccine prepared1 the patient receives his initial injection of several hundred millions more or less of the heated bacteria1 and his opsonic index is watched4 ,a short time after the inoculation is made the opsonic index falls lower than it was previous to the injection4 ,this ,wright has named the 8negative phase40 ,sooner or later1 from a few hours to several days1 the opsonic index rises above the starting-point4 ,this is called the 8positive phase40 ,the amount of the opsonins in the blood remains stationary for a variable length of time1 and then diminishes4 ,as soon as their diminution is noted1 a second injection of the vaccine is given1 which is followed by a negative phase1 but less pronounced than before4 ,soon the positive phase comes on1 reaching a higher level than previously4 ,thus the injections are repeated from time to time according to the opsonic index of the patient's blood1 and the positive phase gradually attains a higher and higher level1 until it may be as high as or considerably higher than that of a normal person4 ,in other words1 if the vaccinations are properly given1 8never during a negative phase10 and as a result the patient's tissues are stimulated to an increased production of the opsonins1 phagocytosis is increased1 the invading bacteria are disposed of1 and the patient recovers from his infection4 ,the proper handling of patients according to this method requires the greatest attention to details of technique for obtaining the opsonic index1 preparing the vaccine1 and the administration of the proper dose at the proper time4 ,it is too early to know the ultimate results that may be expected from the use of the vaccines1 but from personal observation1 conversation with other workers1 and numerous reports1 most of which are incomplete1 it seems reasonable to believe that for localized bacterial infections much may be accomplished4 ,especially does this seem probable for acne1 furunculosis1 sycosis1 abscesses1 and lupus1 adenitis1 and other similar tubercular infections4 ,in incipient pulmonary tuberculosis encouraging results have been obtained where minute doses of new tuberculin1 #a_/ajjj of a milligramme more or less1 have been given1 which seemingly show that ,koch's original observations were well grounded in fact4 ,something has been accomplished in those diseases in which the bacterial infection is in the blood stream4 ,after a careful consideration of the literature of the entire subject ,i believe we should recognize the new therapy as an experimental procedure of much promise1 but until more extended observations have been made the use of the vaccines should not be looked upon as a settled method of treatment4 ,,pharmaceutical ,,meeting4 ,the stated ,pharmaceutical ,meeting of the ,philadelphia ,college of ,pharmacy was held on ,tuesday afternoon1 ,february #aith1 with ,m4 ,i4 ,wilbert1 ,ph4,m41 in the chair4 ,prof4 ,charles ,h4 ,la ,wall was the first speaker on the program1 and presented a paper on 8,the ,food and ,drugs ,act in its ,relation to ,public ,health40 7,see p4 #ajg47 ,the author reviewed conditions leading up to the passage of the ,united ,states ,food and ,drugs ,act of ,june1 #aijf1 and in considering the detailed provisions of the law1 paid particular attention to the section on misbranding4 ,mr4 ,thomas ,h4 ,potts called attention to a form of deception in which it is made to appear that the serial number placed by manufacturers on packages is a ,government guarantee number4 ,prof4 ,henry ,kraemer said that there is a need for more workers along this line4 ,he referred to the work which has been done by ,dr4 ,wiley1 and said that he deserved great credit not only for his efforts in securing the adoption of the ,pure ,food and ,drugs ,act1 but also for standing out so many years against the moneyed interests represented by unscrupulous manufacturers4 ,the subject of drug legislation was brought up and ,mr4 ,wilbert said that pharmacists were making a mistake in not taking an active part in it4 ,he stated that in ,vermont the druggists had hesitated in the matter1 and that the grocers of that ,state had succeeded in having a law enacted which may prove inimical to the interests of pharmacists4 ,he then called attention to the bill introduced in the ,pennsylvania legislature which is practically that of the ,wholesale ,grocers' ,association1 and does not exempt physicians' prescriptions and the preparations of the ,united ,states ,pharmacopia and ,national ,formulary in those portions of the bill which relate to labelling4 ,mr4 ,wilbert further stated that this bill is being introduced in the legislatures in a number of ,states1 while the bill formulated by the ,ladies' ,home ,journal has now been introduced by twenty ,state legislatures4 ,it was also mentioned that a bill drafted by the ,national ,wholesale ,druggists' ,association is being introduced in some ,states1 and that still another draft is that of the ,proprietors' ,association4 ,mr4 ,potts spoke of the meeting in ,chicago of the representatives of the ,national ,association of ,retail ,druggists1 the ,national ,wholesale ,druggists' ,association and the ,proprietors' ,association1 and said that an attempt was made to have a law drafted which would require both physicians and retail druggists to use labels giving details as to the composition of medicines prescribed and dispensed4 ,he then remarked that retail druggists are not opposed to legislation which is fair1 but that they are not in favor of hasty legislation1 which1 as proposed in some instances1 would drive retail druggists out of business4 ,a paper on 8,sunday ,closing3 ,a ,means of ,elevating ,pharmacy10 by ,clarence ,h4 ,campbell1 a local druggist1 was read in the absence of the author by ,george ,b4 ,weidemann1 ,p4,d4 ,the paper contained the statement that at the recent conventions of the ,national ,association of ,retail ,druggists held in ,st4 ,louis and ,atlanta1 resolutions were unanimously adopted favoring ,sunday closing1 and that helpful suggestions had been made as to the ways and means of bringing about this end4 ,the writer was of the opinion that the long hours without proportionate compensation has an influence in keeping young men from taking up pharmacy in the first place1 or of pursuing it after qualifying for the work4 ,mr4 ,campbell also considered some of the arguments that have already been advanced in some of the previous issues of this ,,journal as to the necessity of reasonable rest and recreation in broadening the horizon of the pharmacist4 ,mr4 ,thomas ,h4 ,potts also presented a communication on the subject of ,sunday closing and shorter hours4 ,after considering the need of a more liberal spirit on the part of pharmacists and the necessity for an improvement in the number of hours that the pharmacist is on duty1 ,mr4 ,potts said that he fully admitted that the public must be taken into consideration1 but maintained that they can be educated1 and very readily1 to acquiesce in this movement if concerted action be taken by druggists4 ,mr4 ,potts further remarked that in his opinion there is only one possible plan to adopt and that is to agitate this question on every favorable opportunity4 ,he said that since the agitation begun last fall by the ,philadelphia ,college of ,pharmacy1 a great many retailers have closed their stores on ,sunday afternoons1 and in conversation with some of them he was informed that they like the plan so well that they could not be induced to return to the old conditions4 ,r4 ,w4 ,cuthbert1 chairman of the committee appointed by the college to help forward the shorter-hour movement1 reported that he was encouraged by the results that had already been attained4 ,,florence ,,yaple1 ,secretary pro tem4 ,,procter ,,monument ,,fund4 ,,generous ,,subscription4 ,just as we are going to press ,professor ,remington informs us that ,mr4 ,john ,wyeth1 a graduate of the ,philadelphia ,college of ,pharmacy1 of the class of #ahed1 has1 for himself1 his firm and his brother1 subscribed the sum of #b1jjj to the ,procter ,monument ,fund4 ,mr4 ,wyeth has a warm appreciation of the services of ,professor ,william ,procter1 not only to the cause of education1 but to everything which tended to the advancement of pharmacy1 particularly his researches on percolation and fluidextracts4 ,it is confidently hoped that ,mr4 ,wyeth's example will be followed by others who have equally profited by the labors of the ,father of ,american ,pharmacy4 ,,the ,,new ,,food ,,and ,,drugs ,,laboratory4 ,the ,philadelphia ,college of ,pharmacy is about to erect a new laboratory1 designed to give instruction in analytical chemistry1 technical microscopy1 and other branches of science1 especially adapted for students who desire to fit themselves for chemists under the ,food and ,drugs ,act4 ,the ,college purchased a property a number of years ago1 upon which a school-house had been erected in #ahbe for the ,aimwell ,school ,association4 ,this historic building will be entirely demolished and a new laboratory erected covering the whole lot1 #dj x #fj feet4 ,plans are being prepared and it is fully expected that it will be ready for occupancy in the early fall4 ,a roster is being drawn up for the courses for the students in the ,food and ,drug ,laboratory1 which will be available shortly4 ,the ,college has had in contemplation for a number of years a plan for extending the instruction in this department1 and the passage of the ,food and ,drugs ,act has caused such a demand for chemists1 that immediate steps have been taken to put the plans in execution4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,read before the ,philadelphia ,branch of the ,american ,pharmaceutical ,association1 ,february #e1 #aijg4 ,footnote #b3 ,reprinted from ,therapeutic ,gazette1 ,january #ae1 #aijg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling4 #b4 ,retained anachronistic1 non-standard1 and uncertain spellings as printed4 #c4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4