,cov] illu/ration 7see description on   
page #db73                              
,augu/e ,r5oir 7#ahda-aiai7             
,a ,girl ) a ,wat]+ ,c                  
,canvas4 #ci  #bh in*es4    ,dat$ #ahgf 
,*e/] ,dale ,collection                 
,fr5* ,pa9t+                           (
 ! #ai? ,c5tury                         
9 !                         ,national   
,gall]y ( ,art                          
by                               ,grose 
,evans                     ,curator (   
,ext5sion ,s]vices                      
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4                       
,copyright #aiei                        
,publications ,fund                     
,national ,gall]y ( ,art                
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4                       
,revis$ #aifg                           
,design$1 ,engrav$1 & ,pr9t$            
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica by          
,! ,beck ,engrav+ ,company              
,fr5* ,pa9t+3 #ai? ,c5tury   ,! /ory (  
,fr5* pa9t]s dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury is an
 excit+ "o1 color$ by p]sonal rivalries 

& revolutions 9 ta/e4 ,9 ! face ( an    
indiff]5t or je]+ public1 arti/s (t5 _h 
to make great sacrifices to a*ieve !    
s9c]e expression ( _! ideals4 ,firmly   
e/abli%$ academic pa9t]s bitt]ly oppos$ 
all "y arti/s :o tri$ to create new     
/yles1 & ! in]tia ( popul> ta/e l5t su* 
au?ority to ! ,academy t arti/s c\ld    
only be orig9al at _! own p]il4  ,!     
academic /yle grew out ( ! classical    
idealism ( ,jacques-,l\is ,david 7page  
#ac74 ,he rose to fame dur+ ! ,fr5*     
,revolution 7#aghi-ie7 by produc+       
pictures ) propag&a cont5t & atta9$     
great prom95ce z 8! pa9t] ( ! p40 ,son (
 a ,p>is tradesman1 ,david _h be5       
=tunate en\gh to /udy pa9t+ 9 ! ,fr5*   
,royal ,academy4 ,aft] f\r failures & an
 attempt$ suicide1 he won ! ,prix de    
,rome & 9 #aggd 0 able to g to ,italy1  
:i* 0 !n consid]$ ! f\nta9head ( art4   
,!re1 dur+ a t5-ye> /ay1 he react$      
viol5tly aga9/ ! gay1 trivial /yle (    
pa9t+ t ,fr5* ari/ocrats _h lov$4       
,idoliz+ ! anci5t /atues he saw 9 ,rome1

 he introduc$ a p[]ful ,neo-,classical  
/yle &1 aft] 8 return to ,france1 he    
reorganiz$ ! ,academy to sanction only a
 sob] & 8elevat+0 imitation ( classical 
art4 ,:5 ,napoleon became emp]or1 9     
#ahjd1 he appo9t$ ,david 8 c\rt pa9t] & 
commission$ a s]ies ( huge pictures     
illu/rat+ imp]ial c]emonies4 ,h[ev]1    
soon aft] ! ,b\rbon mon>*y 0 re/or$1 9  
#ahad1 ,david 0 exil$ to ,brussels1 :]e 
he sp5t 8 la/ ye>s4  ,david's /yle 0    
cont9u$ & ref9$ by 8 pupil              
,j4-,a4-,dom9ique ,+res 7page #ae71 ^:  
fa!r 0 a pa9t] at ,montauban4 ,+res'    
appr5tice%ip ) ,david & eighte5 ye>s    
sp5t 9 ,italy l$ ,+res to pa9t )        
precise1 sculpturesque draftsman%ip &   
coldly calculat$ color4 ,to su/a9 !     
classical tradition1 8 subjects 7       
usually drawn f my?ology & anci5t       
hi/ory4 ,aft] he return$ to ,p>is1 9    
#ahbd1 ,+res' ideal ( p]fectionism came 
to dom9ate academic art4  ,beh9d x !    
,academy _h ! weight ( traditionally    
accept$ !ory & ! spl5did accompli%m5ts (

 ! ,old ,ma/]s4 ,! !ory1 gr[+ f anci5t  
classical concepts ( art1 seem$         
infallible &1 on su* a !oretical basis1 
! five hundr$ ye>s prec$+ ! n9ete5?     
c5tury _h produc$ an extremely          
impressive art4 ,imitation ( idealiz$   
figures 0 ! *ief aim ( ! academic pa9t]4
 ,by %[+ nature 8z x ought to be10 !    
arti/ s]v$ philosophical & e?ical ends2 
he c\ld educate mank9d by pa9t+ morally 
improv+ illu/rations ( h]oic de$s4 ,on  
?is premise art _h be5 rais$ dur+ !     
,r5aissance f a h&icraft to rank ) !    
lib]al arts4 ,academies _h aris5 to     
prove ! m]its ( art1 & :y %\ld su* augu/
 in/itutions be *all5g$8  ,b ev5 9 !    
e>ly ye>s ( ! c5tury arti/s revolt$     
aga9/ ! academic limitations4 ,eugne    
,delacroix 7page #ag7 0 ! c5tral figure 
9 ! oppos+ ,romantic movem5t4 ,son ( a  
prefect ( ,m>seilles1 ,delacroix began  
pa9t+ 9 #ahac z an amateur 9 a ,p>isian 
academic /udio4 ,soon new s5su\s ri*ness
 ( color+ & a feel+ ( lively movem5t    
ent]$ ,delacroix's pictures to express  

/rong emotions4 ,8 art reveals new      
psy*ological p5etration2 z he said1     
address+ 8 fell[ arti/s1 8,any?+ c be a 
subject4 ,! real subject is y\rself2 x  
is y\r impressions1 y\r emotions be=e   
nature4 ,y mu/ se>* )9 y\rself1 n look  
ab\t y40 ,delacroix's life 0 embitt]$ by
 ! jeal\s rivalry ( ,+res1 :o call$ him 
8! apo/le ( ugl9ess0 & prev5t$ him f    
tea*+ 9 ! ,academy1 b 8 d>+ use ( color 
0 to influ5ce _m lat] pa9t]s4  ,9 !     
,romantic era1 nature1 :i* _h be5       
neglect$ z long z ! classical tradition 
prevail$1 0 extoll$ by poets & pa9t$ by 
out/&+ ma/]s4 ,camille ,corot 7page     
#ai71 son ( a ,p>isian mill9]1 became a 
lead+ l&scapi/4 ,al?\gh 8 tea*]s 7      
academicians1 admir]s ( ,p\ss9 & ,+res1 
,corot turn$ to 8 own fre% exp]i5ces (  
nature4 ,z a ,romantic1 he saw ! _w ab\t
 him passionately4 8,:ile imitat+       
consci5ti\sly10 he said1 8,i nev] = a   
mom5t lose ! emotion :i* fir/ caught my 
int]e/40 ,at times ,corot pa9t$ ) ! gr\p
 ( arti/s :o work$ at ,b>bizon ne> !    

,=e/ ( ,fonta9ebleau1 or sometimes he   
travel$ 9 ,italy1 ,switz]l&1 ,holl&1 &  
,engl&1 b usually he 0 cont5t to /ay ) 8
 p>5ts 9 ,p>is or at _! summ] home 9    
,ville d',avray4 ,v]satile 9 8 art1 he  
comb9$ elem5ts ( classical composition )
 romantic feel+ & reali/ic vision4      
,corot's bread? ( ta/e all[$ him to see 
! importance ( pa9t+s by ,daumi]1 :om he
 sav$ f neglect & pov]ty4 ,honor ,daumi]
 7page #ba71 aft] s]v+ z a bailiff's    
cl]k & a libr>ian1 0 tra9$ z a          
li?ograph] & turn$ to political & social
 c>icature4 ,9 ! ,p>is j\rnals1 8       
li?ographs1 lampoon+ prom95t figures1   
expos+ graft1 & mak+ fun ( ! b\rgeoisie1
 7 int5sely popul>4 ,politics _h be5    
upp]mo/ 9 ,fr5* m9ds aft] ! ,revolution 
& times 7 v unsettl$4 ,two civil        
revolutions 9 #ahcj & #ahdh 7 foll[$ by 
invasion dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> 9 
#ahgj4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! gov]nm5t sw]v$    
prec>i\sly f mon>*y to republic1 to     
empire1 & back to republic4 ,! turbul5ce
 ( ^! ye>s toge!r ) daily human follies 

0 ! mat]ial ( ,daumi]'s /rik+ c>toons4  
,8 pa9t+s1 l>gely made = p]sonal        
satisfaction1 dwelt on ! h>d%ips ( life 
9 ! gr[+ indu/rial city or1 9 a light]  
ve91 on arti/s1 connoisseurs1 & circus  
p]=m]s4 ,) 8 int]e/ 9 ! life ab\t him1  
,daumi] 0 drawn f ,romanticism to       
,realism4  ,among arti/s1               
dissatisfaction 0 gr[+ ev] /rong] aga9/ 
! implausible gods & h]oes pa9t$ by     
academicians & also aga9/ ! escapi/     
t5d5cy ( ! ,romantics1 :o lov$ to pa9t  
exotic sc5es1 remov$ f ord9>y exp]i5ce4 
,! increas+ mat]ialism & sci5tific      
objectivity ( ! n9ete5? c5tury dem&$ a  
reali/ic /yle4 ,! role ( lead] 9 !      
,reali/ s*ool 0 tak5 by ,gu/ave ,c\rbet 
7page #bc74 ,?is big1 boi/]\s son ( a   
weal?y f>m] 9 ,ornans came to ,p>is 9   
#ahdb4 ,aft] a few lessons1 ,c\rbet     
taught himself to pa9t1 *iefly by copy+ 
9 ! ,l\vre gall]ies4 ,8 l>ge1 co>sely   
execut$ pictures ( common p %ock$ mo/ ( 
8 contempor>ies4 ,:5 8 "w 0 refus$ at ! 
,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahee1 he   

op5$ 8 own pavilion1 boldly titl+ x 8,le
 ,pavillon du ,ralisme40 ,among 8       
be/-kn[n say+s are1 8,pa9t+ %\ld consi/ 
only 9 ! depiction ( ?+s visible &      
tangible to ! arti/10 &1 8,%[ me an     
angel1 & !n ,i'll pa9t x40 ,8 outspok5  
nature l$ him to embroil himself 9      
politics aft] ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>4  
,f9ally1 to escape imprisonm5t he fl$ to
 ,switz]l&1 :]e he sp5t 8 la/ ye>s 9    
exile4  ,bo? ,daumi]'s & ,c\rbet's      
realism dep5d$ ^u _! acceptance (       
ev]yday subjects z wor?y ( be+ pa9t$4 ,b
 realism c\ld be manife/1 too1 9        
meticul\s att5tion to details4 ,h5ri    
,fant9-,lat\r 7page #be71 a fri5d ( our 
,am]ican pa9t] ,:i/l]1 exhibits ?is     
exact+ realism 9 portraits & /ill-life  
pictures4 ,/rongly influ5c$ by ! e>ly   
developm5ts 9 photography1 he produc$   
works :i*1 because !y 7 pleasant &      
unassum+1 7 (t5 %[n at ! annual ,salon  
beside ! cons]vative pa9t+s ( approv$   
academicians4 ,9 #ahfc1 h[ev]1 he f\nd  
himself ) ! "y 8rebels0 :o 7 all[$ to   

exhibit only at ! ,salon des ,refuss1 & 
he began !n to associate ) ! m advanc$  
arti/s4  d\>d ,manet 7page #bg7 0       
probably m influ5tial z a reali/ ?an ev5
 ,c\rbet4 ,8 fa!r1 a ,p>is magi/rate1   
(f]$ him a *oice betwe5 /udy+ law & jo9+
 ! m]*ant m>9e4 ,aft] a try at ! latt]1 
9 #aheg he 0 all[$ to take up pa9t+4    
,ironically he 0 w>n$ by 8 academic     
tea*] t unless he gave up 8 common      
subjects1 he 8w\ld be only ! ,daumi] (  
pa9t+40 ,8 boldly pa9t$1 unor?odox      
canvases /irr$ great controv]sy1 7      
def5d$ by ,emile ,zola1 ! reali/ic      
noveli/1 & br\ght new c\rage to o!r     
arti/s :o s\ght to escape f academic    
dullness4  ,manet associat$ ) a numb] ( 
"y arti/s :o became kn[n z              
,impressioni/s aft] a gr\p exhibition 9 
#ahgd4 ,"o ( !m1 ,claude ,monet 7page   
#bi71 display$ a picture call$          
,impression1 ,sunrise1 & a newspap]     
critic1 va/ly amus$ at its sket*y /yle &
 at ! simil> sket*9ess ( ! o!r pictures 
9 ! exhibit1 je]$ t ^! arti/s 7 n pa9t]s

 at all1 b 8impressioni/s40 ,! "n /uck  
to ! gr\p because x s aptly *>act]iz$ _!
 int5tions4 ,_! aim 0 to cat* a fre%    
impression ( nature 9 _! pictures4      
,monet 0 ! lead+ figure 9               
,impressionism1 :i* develop$ 9 ! #ahgj's
 & '#hj's4 ,son ( a groc] 9 ,le ,havre1 
he 0 do+ clev] c>icatures at ! age (    
fifte54 ,he began to pa9t l&scapes ) a  
fell[ arti/1 ,b\d91 :o taught him to be 
aw>e ( special effects ( outdoor light+4
 ,go+ to ,p>is 9 #ahfc1 he att5d$       
academic classes b usually /ay$ only    
long en\gh to answ] roll call4 ,!n he   
w\ld be (f to ! city's outskirts to pa9t
 nature in/ead ( anci5t h]oes4 ,(t5 he  
lur$ o!rs ) him1 & ,impressionism 0 born
 9 ! fri5dly competition ( ,monet1      
,r5oir1 ,bazille1 & ,sisley4 ,soon !y 7 
jo9$ by o!rs1 among !m ,camille ,piss>ro
 & ,b]! ,morisot4 ,= _m ye>s !y s\ght   
und]/&+ = _! works4 ,monet1 :o alone    
pursu$ ,impressionism to its ultimate   
possibilities by pa9t+ vivid s5sations (
 light1 suff]$ abject pov]ty4 ,only 9 8 

la/ ye>s 0 8 art recogniz$ &            
int]nationally imitat$4  ,few ( ! o!r   
,impressioni/s analyz$ light z ,monet   
did2 !y cont5t$ !mselves ) sket*y bru%  
/rokes :i* seem$ to dissolve _! =ms 9   
light4 ,b]! ,morisot 7page #ca71 =      
example1 foll[$ ,manet r ?an ,monet4    
,aft] six ye>s ( /udy ) ,corot1 %e met  
,manet :ile !y 7 bo? copy+ pictures 9 ! 
,l\vre4 ,a /rong fri5d%ip develop$      
betwe5 ,manet & ! ,morisot family4 ,b]! 
became 8 pupil & soon aft]w>d m>ri$ 8   
bro!r4 ,h] crisp1 delicate bru%work is a
 fem99e v]sion ( ,manet's bold /yle4    
,augu/e ,r5oir 7cov] illu/ration & page 
#db71 ^: gl[+ colors rival$ ,monet's1 0 
among ! fir/ to outgr[ ,impressionism4  
,?is son ( a ,limoges tailor 0 e>n+ 8   
liv+ at ?irte5 9 ,p>is by pa9t+ fl[]s on
 *9a4 ,he sav$ en\gh money to att5d an  
academy & met ,monet1 ) :om he (t5 pa9t$
 along ! banks ( ! ,se9e4 ,b by ab\t    
#ahhc he f\nd he 8_h wrung              
,impressionism dry40 ,he regrett$ ! loss
 ( =m1 composition1 & human values 9 !  

%imm]+ ,impressioni/ pictures4 ,sett+   
himself aga9 to pa9t =ms solidly 9      
space1 he nev]!less reta9$ ! brilliant  
colors ( ,impressionism4  ,sometimes    
exhibit+ ) ! ,impressioni/s1 ,edg>      
,degas 7page #cc7 0 /rongly influ5c$ by 
_! color+ & us$ x 9 reali/ic sc5es (    
,p>is life1 ! race track1 & ! op]a      
ballet4 ,degas1 son ( a weal?y bank]1   
receiv$ a ?or\gh classical education &  
le>n$ pa9t+ f a pupil ( ,+res4 ,9 8     
compositions1 he pres]v$ a classical    
s5se ( ord] :i* 0 q =eign to            
,impressioni/ aims4 ,z he said1 8,no art
 0 ev] less spontane\s ?an m9e4 ,:at ,i 
accompli% is ! result ( reflection ^u & 
/udy ( ! old ma/]s44440 ,yet he re%ap$  
conv5tional ideas ( composition by draw+
 8 subjects f life & ref9+ 8 outl9es    
aft] ! example ( ,japanese pr9ts4 ,^!   
,ori5tal color$ woodcuts1 :i* also      
influ5c$ ,manet1 ,:i/l]1 & _m o!rs1 came
 to ,p>is fir/ z wrapp+ 9 boxes ( *9a2  
!y 7 discov]$ by pa9t]s1 :o f\nd        
inspiration 9 _! simple l9es &          

decorative flat areas ( color4  ,h5ri de
 ,t\l\se-,lautrec 7page #ce71 l ,degas1 
saw 8 pictures z bo? reali/ic &         
decorative4 ,z a delicate boy ( f\rte5  
he injur$ bo? 8 legs s t !y fail$ to    
gr[4 ,8 fa!r1 ,c\nt ,alphonse de        
,t\l\se1 _h no pati5ce ) 8 weakl+ heir1 
b 8 "m enc\rag$ him to pa9t4 ,9 #ahhe he
 turn$ 8 back ^u ! academic /yle &1 tak+
 h9ts f ! free bru%work ( !             
,impressioni/s & f ,japanese designs1   
,lautrec began to pa9t 8 pictures (     
,p>isian night life1 circus p]=m]s1 &   
cab>et ent]ta9]s4 ,degas1 at fir/ ho/ile
 t[>d him1 ev5tually decl>$1 8,well1    
,lautrec1 ,i c see y are "o ( our       
trade40  ,v9c5t van ,gogh 7page #cg7 0 a
 ,dut*man :o came to ,p>is 9 #ahhf & met
 ! ,impressioni/s4 ,he possess$ a deep  
s9c]ity1 b also _h a difficult1 fl>+    
temp] :i* ali5at$ _m p4 ,aft] work+     
unsuccessfully z a picture deal]1 a     
tutor1 & a lay prea*]1 he turn$ to art z
 a means ( express+ 8 passionate        
emotions4 ,at fir/ he us$ d>k1 somb]    

colors l ^? ( 8 c\ntryman ,rembr&t2 !n  
see+ ! ,impressioni/s' canvases1 he     
adopt$ _! brilliant colors4 ,b _! pa9t+ 
( m]ely optical impressions c\ld n      
satisfy 8 urge = emotional expression4  
,:ile he borr[$ _! bright palette1 he   
us$ colors = emotional effects1 & 9 8   
h&s ! brok5 bru%work became a n]v\s1    
int5sely expressive ag5t to record 8    
inn] feel+s4 ,8 :ole rem>kable c>e] z an
 arti/ fell )9 ! t5 ye>s be=e #ahij1 :5 
he %ot himself to escape insanity4  ,8  
fri5d ,paul ,gaugu9 7page #ci7 %>$      
simil> arti/ic aims4 ,a weal?y ,p>isian 
/ockbrok]1 ,gaugu9 gave up 8 bus9ess &  
des]t$ 8 family because he felt compell$
 to pa9t4 ,aft] liv+ = a "t 9 ,brittany1
 he w5t to ,tahiti & broke entirely )   
,impressionism4 ,he =m$ a /yle 9 :i* 8  
exp]i5ces & feel+s 7 symboliz$ by int5se
 colors & sweep+ outl9es4 ,8 art1 :i*   
anticipates tw5tie?-c5tury tr5ds1 0     
incompreh5sible to 8 contempor>ies1 & he
 di$ impov]i%$ 9 ! ,m>quesas4  ,paul    
,czanne 7page #da71 too1 is a =]unn] ( !

 mod]ns4 ,born at ,aix-en-,prov5ce1 ?is 
bank]'s son foll[$ 8 s*ool fri5d ,zola  
to ,p>is4 ,al?\gh an extremely %y y\? he
 soon m>ri$ a model & = a "t pa9t$ &    
exhibit$ ) ! ,impressioni/s4 ,b1        
con/antly rebuff$ by critics & ev5      
scorn$ by ,zola1 :o fail$ to see any    
promise 9 8 =ceful e>ly works1 ,czanne  
)drew to live 9 ,prov5ce dur+ ! #ahhj's 
& p]fect$ 8 individual /yle4 ,8 me?ods  
pav$ ! way = ! ab/ract pa9t+ ( our own  
day4 ,9 8 old age a numb] ( "y arti/s & 
critics s\ght him out & he enjoy$ a     
small degree ( recognition )9 8         
lifetime4 ,8 "w1 toge!r ) t ( ,manet1   
,monet1 ,degas1 ,lautrec1 van ,gogh1 &  
,gaugu91 has become ! mo/ popul> pa9t+  
today4                                  
,jacques-,l\is ,david 7#agdh-ahbe7      
,napoleon 9 ,8 ,/udy                    
,samuel ,h4 ,kress ,collection          
,rem>kably free f ! allegorical         
pomposity ( mo/ (ficial portraits1 ?is  
picture pres5ts ,napoleon ,i ) res]v$   
dignity4 ,! emp]or himself approv$ x &1 

^u its completion 9 #ahab1 complim5t$   
,david4 ,dress$ 9 8 favorite co/ume1 !  
uni=m ( ! *asseur de la g>de ) a g5]al's
 epaulettes1 ,napoleon we>s ! ,legion ( 
,honor & ! ,ord] ( ! ,iron ,cross1 :i*  
commemorates 8 e>li] coronation z k+ (  
,italy4 ,he seems to h j ris5 f 8 desk1 
on :i* lies ! ,code ,napolon1 !         
codification ( ,fr5* law :i* he         
promulgat$4  ,david's /yle is at its be/
 9 portraiture4 ,comb9+ realism ) a     
classici/'s respect = human dignity1 he 
%[s ,napoleon 9 a *>act]i/ic pose b ) an
 air ( gr&eur4 ,david's assur$ t\* gives
 au?ority to ! "w by its incisive1 /rong
 h&l+ ( details4 ,! composition is      
sev]ely rectil9e>2 fram+ ! figure1      
v]tical l9es desc5d ?r\gh ! pila/] &    
table leg at ! left &1 aga91 f ! clock  
?r\gh ,napoleon's arm & ! leg ( ! *air4 
,aga9/ ^!1 horizontal l9es1 m>k$ by !   
book %elves1 wall mold+1 & desk1 l5d    
compositional /ability4 ,! diagonal l9es
 ( ! *air are c\nt]$ by ! diagonal      
arrangem5t ( ! map & book on ! floor4   

,be=e ?is ord]ly grid ( l9es ,napoleon's
 figure appe>s subtly animat$4          
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #hj  #di in*es   
,dat$ #ahab                             
,jean-,augu/e-,dom9ique ,+res           
7#aghj-ahfg7                            
,madame ,moitessi]                      
,samuel ,h4 ,kress ,collection   8,nev] 
has beauty m regal1 m spl5did1 m sup]b1 
& ( a type m ,junoesque yield$ its pr\d 
cont\rs to ! s5sitive draw+ ( an arti/40
 ,s ! poet ,?ophile ,gauti] describ$    
,+res' fir/ portrait ( ,madame          
,moitessi]4 ,b ,+res de/roy$ x because !
 lady's daught]1 :o 0 includ$1 w\ld n /&
 /ill = him4 ,he produc$ ?is second     
picture 9 #ahea1 aft] six mon?s ( c>eful
 "w4 ,x p]fectly embodies bo? 8 exact+  
p]fectionism & ,fr5* elegance dur+ !    
,second ,republic4  ,+res 0 sev5ty-"o   
ye>s old :5 he pa9t$ ?is4 ,evid5tly he  
admir$ ,madame ,moitessi]1 = %e 0 "o ( !
 v few p he cons5t$ to pa9t 9 8 latt]   
ye>s4 ,he dread$ ! ardu\s dem&s he      
impos$ ^u himself :5 do+ a portrait4    

8,art is nev] ne>] p]fection10 he said1 
8?an :5 x resembles nature s closely t x
 might be mi/ak5 = nature itself40 ,yet 
= ,+res1 nature _h to be ref9$ ?r\gh !  
classical tradition ( art1 & he s\ght to
 ca/ ,madame ,moitessi] 9 ! =m ( an     
ideal figure by ,raphael4 ,despite      
a/oni%+ realism 9 ! hair ) its fl[]s1 9 
! lace & ! jewelry1 our eyes move ov]   
graceful ,raphaelesque curv+ l9es1 :i*  
dom9ate ! face & figure4 ,by su* means  
,+res /rove to unite ! real & ! ideal4  
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #eg  #ci in*es   
,dat$ #ahea                             
,eugne ,delacroix 7#agih-ahfc7          
,columbus & ,8 ,son at ,la ,rbida       
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,9 #adia      
,columbus1 despair+ ( ,spani% support = 
8 voyage ( exploration1 0 on 8 way to   
seek aid 9 ,france :5 he & 8 son ,diego 
/opp$ at ! mona/]y ( ,la ,rbida1 ne>    
,huelva1 9 s\!rn ,spa94 ,delacroix %[s  
!m re/+ "h aft] _! exhau/+ j\rney4      
,columbus gazes ?\ghtfully at a map1    
:ile ! prior1 ,juan ,p]ez1 beh9d him1 is

 ab\t to welcome him4 ,p]ez1 :o _h be5  
,que5 ,isabella's confessor1 0 able to  
arrange a royal int]view = ,columbus s t
 %ips & m5 7 secur$ = ! adv5ture4       
,delacroix pa9t$ ?is 9 #ahch1 aft] a    
trip ?r\gh ,spa94 ,evid5tly ! air (     
quiet my/]y 9 a ,spani% mona/]y caught 8
 fancy1 & he recreates x "h4 ,unlike !  
,neo-,classici/s1 ! ,romantic ,delacroix
 does n attempt to def9e 8 subjects     
exactly4 ,9 8 pa9t+1 vague1 sugge/ive   
=ms are us$ to /imulate ! imag9ation4 ,8
 composition is n a l9e> design2 x is   
spatial2 & our int]e/ is drawn into !   
space ( ?is room to discov] ! :isp]$    
confid5ces ( ! monks1 ! my/]y ( d>k     
corridors1 & ! k9d reception ( ! we>y   
travel]s4 ,delacroix s\ght a 8sil5t p[] 
:i* speaks alone to ! eyes & ga9s &     
conqu]s all ! faculties ( ! _s40        
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #ce  #df in*es   
,dat$ #ahch                             
,jean-,bapti/e-,camille ,corot          
7#agif-ahge7                            
,ville d',avray                    ,gift

 ( ,c\nt ,cecil ,pecci-,blunt   ,)      
clean1 lum9\s colors ,corot has %[n a   
s]5e view ne> 8 summ] home1 at ,ville   
d',avray4 ,8 fa!r _h b\ght a h\se 9 ?is 
small village a few miles we/ ( ,p>is1 &
 ,corot (t5 return$ to x ?r\gh\t 8 long 
life4 ,pa9t$ :5 he 0 9 8 sev5ties1 ?is  
picture seems to epitomize ! developm5t 
( ,corot's /yle4 ,! simple buff &       
t]ra-cotta planes1 :i* emphasize ! cubic
 con/ruction ( ! di/ant build+s1 recall 
8 e>ly works1 especially ^? pa9t$ 9     
,italy betwe5 #ahbe & #ahbh4 ,aft] #ahej
 he evolv$ 8 mo/ popul> /yle1 ) its     
pr$om9ant silv]-gray hues4 ,g5tle1      
diffuse outdoor light gives h>mony 9 ^! 
pictures to mi/y gre5s & wat]y blues1 & 
! trees take on a fea!ry s(tness4 ,a few
 t\*es ( r$di% hue complem5t ! cool     
colors4 ,all ( ^! qualities are app>5t 9
 ?is late picture4  ,corot conceiv$ 8   
pa9t+s broadly 9 =m & value4 8,i am nev]
 9 a hurry to det]m9e details10 he said2
 8! masses & g5]al "* ( a picture conc]n
 me above all40 ,he also s\ght to       

pres]ve 8 emotions ab\t nature3 8,:at we
 feel is inde$ real4 ,be=e a subject1 we
 are mov$ by a c]ta9 elegant grace4     
,nev] lose sight ( t 9 look+ = exactness
 & detail40 ,! mood he sugge/s is a     
romantic rev]ie ^u ! subtle colors &    
s]5ity ( nature4      ,illu/ration3     
,canvas4 #ai  #be in*es    ,pa9t$ c4    
#ahfg-ahgj                              
,honor ,daumi] 7#ahjh-ahgi7             
,advice to a ,"y ,arti/                 
,gift ( ,duncan ,phillips   ,daumi]'s   
broad planes ( deep1 vibrant color & 8  
r\ghly appli$ highlights /ruck mo/ ( 8  
contempor>ies z prepo/]\sly crude4 ,8   
pa9t+s 7 a/oni%+ly d>+ = an era :i*     
look$ = m]etrici\s fidelity to nature 9 
its pictures4 ,few c\ld grasp !         
significance ( 8 simple1 massive =ms or 
und]/& h[ 8 pr(\nd human sympa?y made ^!
 =ms expressive symbols ( emotion4 ,9   
?is picture a mood1 sympa!tic & quiet1  
is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! "y man & 8 ma/] z  
!y discuss a sket* select$ f ! big      
portfolio4  ,= ! eye s5sitive to color &

 value1 !re is a rem>kable satisfaction 
9 ,daumi]'s *oice ( hues4 ,h[ deftly he 
contra/s ! cool1 %ad[$ pap] 9 ! old     
man's h&s ) ! w>m :ite ( ! %eets bel[1  
yet h[ nicely di/+ui%$ ! grayi% pap] is 
f ! gray smock ( ! "y man6 ,^! cool hues
 reappe>1 e*o$ 9 ! backgr\nd1 to climax 
9 ! blue portfolio :i* re/s aga9/ ! r$  
c\*4 ,! />kly simple1 br[n-clad old man 
/&s out aga9/ ! cool colors ab\t him4   
,on 8 face a few details1 boldly        
indicat$ 9 d>k l9es & planes ( light1   
/r5g!n ! picture's emotional cont5t4    
,su* a composition has qualities        
analog\s to ! maje/ic movem5ts ( a      
symphony4  ,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #af   
#ab in*es    ,pa9t$ probably aft] #ahfj 
,gu/ave ,c\rbet 7#ahai-ahgg7            
,la ,grotte de la ,l\e                  
,gift ( ,*>les ,l4 ,l9demann   ,bel[ a  
?ree-hundr$-foot p]p5dicul> cliff 9 !   
,jura m\nta9s1 ! ,l\e ,riv] issues 9    
cascades f a cav]n\s grotto & fl[s ?r\gh
 ,c\rbet's native t[n1 ,ornans1 to jo9 !
 ,d\bs & ultimately swell ! ,sane4      

,c\rbet1 :o lov$ 8 native sc5]y1 does n 
*oose to pa9t ! picturesque aspects (   
?is f9e sc5e4 ,in/ead he looks ) new    
int5sity at nature & places 8           
unprec$5t$1 =?right vision almo/        
brutally on canvas4 ,hav+ little pati5ce
 ) ref9em5ts ( draftsman%ip1 he seems to
 h us$ ! ?ick body ( 8 g5]\sly appli$   
pa9t to c\nt]feit reality 9 8 picture4  
,:ile light & %ade are pres5t1 ,c\rbet  
is unconv5tional 9 8 model+ ( ! great   
rocks4 ,! eye is (t5 unc]ta9 ( !        
surfaces ( ^! rocks2 _! directions 9    
space are ill-def9$ & "o =m is n        
connect$ ) ano!r4 ,b view+ ! "w broadly1
 we are consci\s ( ! pa9t]'s p[]4 ,h[   
solidly ! man spe>+ a fi% /&s be=e !    
op5+ ( ! spaci\s cav]n & h[ sub/antially
 ! huge masses ( rock swell =w>d f !    
d>kness6 ,) 8 p[]ful1 unor?odox /yle1   
,c\rbet broke radically ) traditional   
modes ( pa9t+ 8to transcribe10 z he     
said1 8! cu/oms1 ideas1 ! appe>ances10 (
 8 "t1 89 a ^w1 to create a liv+ art40  
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #ch  #ea in*es   

,pa9t$ c4 #ahfe                         
,h5ri ,fant9-,lat\r 7#ahcf-aijd7        
,/ill ,life                        ,*e/]
 ,dale ,collection   ,a c>eful r5d]+ (  
objects select$ = _! v>i$ colors1 %apes1
 & textures & neatly arrang$ on a table 
top is a p]fect vehicle = ! display (   
,fant9-,lat\r's te*nical facility4 ,a   
companion ( arti/s ) su* div]se ta/es z 
,+res1 ,delacroix1 ,corot1 ,c\rbet1 &   
,:i/l]1 he creat$ a delicate art :i*    
appeal$ to all4 ,! objects 9 ?is /ill   
life h be5 skillfully plac$ on ! table  
to e/abli% a self-conta9$ pictorial     
composition4 ,! book is turn$ at an     
angle to lead ! eye back t[>ds ! vase ( 
fl[]s1 :i* =ms a climax = ! picture4 ,! 
bald %ape ( ! book is artfully int]rupt$
 by ! silh\ette ( ! da9ty cup2 & ! tray1
 ov]lapp+ ! table edge1 also relieves ! 
monotony ( too /raight a l9e4 ,= ! same 
reason ! fruits ov]lap ! tray & basket4 
,fur!r v>iety is giv5 by ! c>eful       
di/9ction ( v>i\s textures4 ,l a ,dut*  
,old ,ma/]1 ,fant9-,lat\r has includ$ a 

peel$ orange to let him display 8       
clev]ness 9 %[+ textural v>iety1 & he   
has dwelt lov+ly on ! petals ( ! fl[]s4 
,su* a picture cons]vatively reta9s mu* 
( ! academic /yle2 x 0 compos$ on !     
table top be=e x 0 ev] pa9t$1 & x %\ld  
be di/+ui%$ f ! "w ( ,fant9-,lat\r's m  
progressive fri5ds4                     
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #bd  #bi in*es   
,dat$ #ahff                             
d\>d ,manet 7#ahcb-ahhc7                
,g>e ,sa9t-,laz>e ,gift ( ,horace       
,havemey] 9 memory ( 8 "m ,l\is9e ,w4   
,havemey]   ,z *ic z a fa%ion plate1    
,manet's picture %[s h[ he react$ aga9/ 
! academy & f\nd a fre% /yle to pa9t !  
life ( 8 times4 ,! fa%ionable "y woman  
is ,victor9e ,meur5d1 ,manet's favorite 
model1 :om he pa9t$ 9 ,! ,picnic &      
,olympia1 :]e 8 bold treatm5t ( ! nude  
figure %ock$ or ent]ta9$ mo/ ( ,p>is4 ,!
 little girl 0 ! daught] ( a fri5d1 9 ^:
 g>d5 ,manet pa9t$ ! picture4 ,! *ild   
looks ?r\gh ! iron rail+1 evid5tly      
fasc9at$ by a tra9 t has pull$ into !   

,sa9t-,laz>e /ation 9 ,p>is4 ,oblig+ly !
 tra9 has left beh9d x a cl\d ( :ite    
smoke :i* oblit]ates unwant$ detail f ! 
backgr\nd s t ,manet c arrange ! figures
 9 a h&some patt]n aga9/ ! regul>       
int]vals ( ! rail+4  ,l ! ,impressioni/s
 ,manet us$ light colors &1 by suppress+
 %ad[s1 he secur$ ! effect ( bright1    
outdoor light+4 ,:ile he satisfies !    
,reali/'s love = an app>5tly casual     
composition1 ) its figures (f-c5t] &    
8unpos$10 actually he has s5sitively    
compos$ !m accord+ to pr9ciples le>n$ f 
,japanese pr9ts4 ,z 9 ! ,ori5tal        
woodcuts1 "h1 too1 broad silh\ettes (   
contra/+ colors l5d ! picture its       
sp>kle1 :ile graceful curv+ cont\rs 9 ! 
figures & co/umes =m a pleas+ design4   
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #cf  #de    ,dat$
 #ahgc                                  
,claude ,monet 7#ahdj-aibf7             
,r\5 ,ca!dral1 ,we/ ,faade1 ,sunlight   
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,! hot sun (  
e>ly aft]noon blazes d[n ^u ! lacy /one 
faade ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,pa9t$ 9 #ahid1  

tw5ty ye>s aft] ! fir/ ,impressioni/    
exhibition1 ?is picture reveals ,monet's
 ultimate a*ievem5t 9 captur+ sunlight )
 brok5 color4 ,! myriad gl[+ spots (    
color almo/ dissolve ! ca!dral's =m4    
,small1 sep>ate t\*es ( pa9t1 prismatic 
9 _! brilliance1 complem5t ea* o!r to   
dazzle ! eye & sugge/ ! %imm] ( actual  
light4 ,monet pa9t$ an ext5sive s]ies ( 
pictures %[+ diff]5t effects ( light    
play+ across ! elaborate ,go?ic trac]y (
 ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,he said t (t5 he c\ld  
pa9t on ea* picture = only two or ?ree  
m9utes at a "t2 aft] t1 ! light w\ld h  
*ang$ &1 = him1 ! subject w\ld become q 
diff]5t4  ,monet creat$ a new k9d (     
pictorial unity4 ,x did n dep5d ^u l9es 
or patt]ns1 b ^u ! unity ( a s+le visual
 s5sation1 an impression4 ,he gave up   
su* traditional aims z balanc+ 8        
composition or express+ emotions ab\t 8 
subjects4 ,in/ead he pa9t$ vivid optical
 s5sations4 ,?r\gh long exp]i5ce he _h  
discov]$ :at effects ( light might be   
a*iev$ by juxtapos+ c]ta9 bright1 pure  

colors :i* int]play1 "o aga9/ ano!r1 to 
simulate ! visual exp]i5ce ( light4 ,z  
,czanne said1 8,monet 0 only an eye1 b  
:at an eye60           ,illu/ration3    
,canvas4 #ci  #bf in*es    ,dat$ #ahid  
,b]! ,morisot 7#ahda-ahie7              
,9 ! ,d9+ ,room                         
,*e/] ,dale ,collection                 
,*>act]i/ically fem99e 9 h] *oice (     
subject & delicacy ( color+1 ,b]!       
,morisot has pa9t$ an int]ior ( ! h\se  
at ,b\gival1 ne> ,p>is1 :]e %e sp5t h]  
summ]s 9 ! #ahhj's4 ,probably x is h]   
h\semaid1 busy 9 ! d9+ room1 :o /&s     
betwe5 ! op5 cupbo>d & ! table4 ,a      
playful little dog adds a t\* (         
animation to ! dome/ic sc5e4  ,dur+ !   
middle ( h] c>e]1 ,b]! ,morisot 0       
/rongly influ5c$ by ,impressionism4 ,9  
?is picture p>ticul> details ( !        
furniture1 ( ! girl's co/ume1 or ev5 (  
h] face1 held int]e/ = ! pa9t] only 9 s 
f> z !y reflect$ light 9 diff]5t ways4  
,mu* z x does 9 ,monet's art1 light     
seems to fill ! sc5e & blur ! edges ( ! 

=ms4 ,yet1 z 9 ,manet's pictures1 !     
colors "h h n ! d>+ brilliance ( !      
spectrum hues ,monet us$4 ,b]! ,morisot 
has su/a9$ a ref9$ color h>mony (       
delicate w>m & cool hues 9 ! blue-grays 
& creamy highlights4 ,h] composition1   
too1 %[s h] allegiance to ,manet r ?an  
to ,monet2 ! =ms are broadly se5 9      
silh\ette s t light & %ad[ d n imp+e ^u 
!m en\gh to de/roy _! "* z elem5ts 9 !  
design4          ,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 
#bd  #ai in*es    ,pa9t$ #ahhf          
,edg> ,degas 7#ahcd-aiag7               
,f\r ,danc]s                            
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,be=e a       
colorful /age set1 f\r ball]9as are     
await+ _! cue to p]=m4 ,danc]s 7 among  
,degas' mo/ frequ5t subjects4 ,because !
 =ms ( _! fl>+ skirts & bodices 7       
simple1 he c\ld arrange !m easily into  
h&some patt]ns & make !m colorful by !  
artificial ri*ness ( /age light+4 ,he   
sket*$ ! ballet danc]s frequ5tly dur+ _!
 exhau/+ h\rs ( rehe>sal & aga9 9 _!    
spritely p]=mances at ! ,p>is ,op]a4    

,?\gh ,degas %>$ int]e/s ) bo? ,reali/s 
& ,impressioni/s1 he _c be classifi$    
simply z ei!r4 ,8 art syn!siz$ sev]al   
tr5ds2 he m]g$ ! academic & !           
progressive /yles4 ,firmly gr\nd$ 9 !   
academic mann]1 he us$ precise outl9es1 
:i* 7 =eign to ! ,reali/ or             
,impressioni/4 ,9 ?is picture1 8 l9es   
describe ! ball]9as' heads1 arms &      
co/umes & also e/abli% an intricate     
design ( diagonals mov+ back into dep?4 
,:ile ! extreme (f-c5t] balance ( !     
composition gives a reali/ic 8snap-%ot0 
view1 x also height5s our aw>5ess ( !   
design s t ! eye enjoys ! v>iety ( %apes
 & colors4 ,?\gh ! colors are appli$ )  
,impressioni/ic fre$om1 !y comb9e into a
 vibrant h>mony typical ( ,degas' late  
/yle4 ,v fond ( ?is picture1 ,degas kept
 x 9 8 /udio until 8 dea?4              
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #ei  #ga in*es   
,pa9t$ c4 #ahii                         
,h5ri de ,t\l\se-,lautrec 7#ahfd-aija7  
,quadrille at ! ,m\l9 ,r\ge             
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,9 tones (    

gre5 & copp] ,t\l\se-,lautrec has       
captur$ ! tawdry gaiety ( ,montm>tre's  
mo/ colorful night spot 9 ! gay         
'n9eties4 ,! ,m\l9 ,r\ge1 despite its   
"n1 0 nev] a w9dmill2 x is a dance hall 
:i* uses ! sails ( a mill = adv]tis+4   
,lautrec frequ5t$ x because he enjoy$   
wat*+ ! nightly p]=mances ( its spirit$ 
danc]s4 ,_! specialty1 ! quadrille1 grew
 out ( ! high-kick+ cancan2 almo/ z     
vigor\s1 x 0 ev5 m complicat$4 ,dom9at+ 
! sc5e "h1 ,gabrielle1 a popul>         
pr(essional danc]1 has hoi/$ h] skirts z
 %e l9es up ) ! o!rs to beg9 ! dance4 ,)
 tell+ outl9e1 ,lautrec *>act]izes h]   
robu/ physique & hoyd5i% air4 ,%e is 9  
%>p contra/ to ! woman fac+ h]1 9 !     
=egr\nd1 :om ,lautrec has %[n z         
delicately ref9$4  ,admir+ ,manet1      
,morisot1 & especially ,degas1 ,lautrec 
produc$ h&some compositions simil> to   
!irs4 ,aga91 "u ! influ5ce ( ,japanese  
pr9ts1 light & %ad[ h disappe>$1 replac$
 by bold color patt]ns & /rong l9es4 ,b 
,lautrec 0 f> m conc]n$ ) *>act]ization 

?an 7 ! o!r pa9t]s ( 8 "t &1 l ,daumi] 9
 an e>li] g5]ation1 he gives a          
wond]fully vivid picture ( 8 age4       
,illu/ration3 ,g\a*e on c>dbo>d4 #ca    
#bc in*es    ,pa9t$ #ahib               
,v9c5t van ,gogh 7#ahec-ahij7           
,la ,m\sm                        ,*e/]  
,dale ,collection   ,lov+ ! delicacy (  
,japanese art & hav+ read ab\t ,japan1  
van ,gogh nam$ ?is "y girl a 8m\sm40 ,! 
^w 0 tak5 f a romantic novel by ,pi]re  
,loti1 :o us$ x 9 describ+ ! *>m ( ! "y 
,japanese tea-h\se att5dants4 ,actually 
?is subject 0 a peasant ( ,prov5ce1 9   
s\!rn ,france4 ,van ,gogh w5t !re 9     
#ahhh hop+ to capture 9 its bright      
sun%9e "s ( ! beauty he imag9$ 9 ,japan4
  ,) a v p]sonal int]pretation (        
,japanese /yle1 he has %[n ?is figure 9 
a bold patt]n ( />tl+1 bright colors4   
,e>li] 9 ,p>is he _h le>n$ ! color      
!ories :i* ,neo-,impressioni/s 7 apply+ 
to pa9t+1 & "h 8 gre51 orange r$1 &     
int5se blue are us$ ) ! purity t        
*>act]izes !m 9 ! spectrum4 ,!          

,neo-,impressioni/s juxtapos$ v small   
t\*es ( su* pure colors 9 ord] to sugge/
 light ev5 bright] ?an ! ,impressioni/s 
_h a*iev$4 ,b van ,gogh 0 dis9t]e/$ 9   
effects ( natural light+4 ,9 ?is picture
 ! girl is l a figure 9 an icon4 ,set   
aga9/ ! pla91 int5se gre5 backgr\nd1 %e 
seems to be isolat$ f commonplace       
exp]i5ce1 & we are rem9d$ ( van ,gogh's 
/at$ aim1 8,i wi% to pa9t m5 & wom5 ) t 
quality ( ! et]nal :i* us$ to be sugge/$
 by ! halo & :i* we attempt to give by !
 pure radiance & vibration ( ! colors40 
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #bh  #bc in*es   
,pa9t$ #ahhh                            
,paul ,gaugu9 7#ahdh-aijc7              
,fatata te ,miti                        
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,fatata te    
,miti means simply 8by ! sea10 b :at a  
curi\s vision ,gaugu9's imag9ation has  
creat$ f ?is sc5e ( two ,tahitian girls 
on ! bea*6 ,! arti/ has f\nd himself 9 a
 disquiet+1 primeval _w :]e ri* tropical
 colors & exotic =ms ( life1 bo? human &
 vegetable1 eng5d] a haunt+ air ( my/]y4

 ,gaugu9 pa9t$ ?is 9 #ahib1 dur+ 8      
second ye> 9 ,tahiti4 ,he _h fl$ f      
,we/]n civilization = he believ$ its    
mat]iali/ic culture reject$ ! arti/ z a 
useful citiz54 ,he turn$ to ! ,pacific  
isl&s because he felt ! ne$ to become a 
primitive 9 bo? life & art4 ,only by    
return+ to ! primitive's simple /&>ds   
might man r$iscov] significant mean+ 9 8
 life & "w4  ,! almo/ =gott5 religion ( 
! ,maori cult /irr$ ,gaugu9's m9d to    
prodigi\s creative activity4 ,l+]+      
sup]/itions delight$ him2 phosphoresc5t 
fungi on ! trees gl[+ 9 ! twilight1 z he
 pa9t$ !m "h1 7 ?\ght to repres5t !     
spirits ( long dead ance/ors4 ,9 8 art  
he evolv$ an expressive symbolism4 ,he  
spoke ( 8! music ( ! picture10 a 8magic 
accord0 ( ! colors & arabesque patt]ns1 
:i* 8addresses itself to ! mo/ intimate 
"p ( ! s\l40           ,illu/ration3    
,canvas4 #bf  #cf in*es    ,dat$ #ahib  
,paul ,czanne 7#ahci-aijf7              
,/ill ,life                        ,*e/]
 ,dale ,collection   ,aga9/ rigid       

horizontal & v]tical l9es 9 ! backgr\nd1
 ,czanne has juxtapos$ ! curves (       
apples1 bottles1 & folds ( drap]y 9     
turbul5t1 sweep+ l9es4 ,he delight$ 9   
pa9t+ /ill-life subjects1 = "h 7 ?+s t1 
unlike p1 did n want to move b rema9$   
uncompla9+ly motionless dur+ ! long     
h\rs1 ev5 days1 t ,czanne ne$$ = 8      
int5sive1 exact+ /udies4  ,realiz+ t    
,impressioni/s sacrific$ ! pictorial    
/ructure he admir$ 9 ! ,old ,ma/]s'     
works1 ,czanne took ! =mless t\*es ( !  
,impressioni/s' brok5 color & made ea*  
bru% /roke a di/9ct 8little plane40 ,9  
an apple1 = example1 he realiz$ its =m &
 color by integrat+ ^! small modulat+   
planes ( color s t ! apple appe>s solid1
 r\nd1 & gl[+ ) light4 ,yet ,czanne 0   
aim+ beyond simply reproduc+ ! appe>ance
 ( an apple4 ,he /rove = a total =m 9   
:i* e bru% /roke 9 8 composition is     
integrat$4 ,e t\* ( pa9t1 l a l9k 9 a   
*a91 mu/ contribute to ! consi/5t unity 
( ! picture4 ,he believ$ a picture %\ld 
give a unifi$ s5sation 9 :i* 8e         

color-t\* mu/ conta9 air1 light1 !      
object1 ! plane1 ! "*1 ! draw+1 ! /yle40
 ,by ab/ract+ nature into ! pa9t]'s     
color$ planes1 ,czanne pav$ ! way = !   
ab/ract /yles ( ! pres5t c5tury4        
,illu/ration3 ,canvas4 #bf  #cb in*es   
,pa9t$ c4 #ahij                         
,augu/e ,r5oir 7#ahda-aiai7           ,a
 ,girl ) a ,wat]+ ,c 7,illu/rat$ on     
cov]7                   ,canvas4 #ci    
#bh in*es4 ,dat$ #ahgf                  
,*e/] ,dale ,collection   ,?is picture (
 a v dress$-up little girl1 :o has be5  
wat]+ fl[]s 9 h] g>d51 inh]its ! long   
tradition ( appeal+ *ildr5's portraits  
:i* h be5 well lov$ s9ce ! days (       
,titian & ,van ,dyck4 ,r5oir1 ) 8 love (
 ! ,old ,ma/]s1 comb9$ ?is tradition & 8
 ,impressioni/ /yle4 ,he creat$         
delightful portraits1 :i* 7 popul> at   
once & ga9$ wid] und]/&+ = !            
,impressioni/s4 ,_! art 0 /ill entirely 
misund]/ood 9 #ahgf1 :5 ?is 0 pa9t$4 ,!y
 7 ?\ght to be incompet5t daub]s1       
incapable ( 8f9i%+0 a picture prop]ly4  

,b ,r5oir's extraord9>ily deft h&l+ (   
delicate fle% tones1 z 9 ! *ild's face1 
& ! radiance ( 8 color+ c\ld sil5ce su* 
criticism4  ,by nature ,r5oir 0 too     
sympa!tic ) 8 fell[ man--& too *>m$ by !
 lovel9ess ( wom5 & *ildr5--to be cont5t
 ) ! /rict limits ( ,monet's            
,impressionism4 ,m]ely pa9t+ s5sations (
 light 9 a l&scape did n satisfy !      
humani/ ,r5oir4 ,once he %[$ a fri5d a  
delicately t9t$ sket* ( rose petals &   
told him x 0 really a /udy = fle% tones4
 8,= me10 he said1 8a pa9t+ %\ld be a   
lovable ?+1 gay & pretty2 yes1 pretty4  
,!re are en\gh ?+s to bore u 9 life )\t 
our mak+ m ( !m40                       
,index ( ,arti/s                        
,illu/ration pages 9 bold-fac$ italics4 
,arti/                                  
,page    ,czanne1 ,paul                 
#aj-aa1 #bh1 #dj1 #da   ,corot1         
,jean-,bapti/e-,camille                 
#c-d1 #h1 #ah1 #ai1 #bd   ,c\rbet1      
,gu/ave                                 
#e-f1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd   ,daumi]1 ,honor   

#d-e1 #f1 #bj1 #ba1 #cd   ,david1       
,jacques-,l\is                          
#a-b1 #ab1 #ac   ,degas1 ,edg>          
#h-i1 #aa1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd   ,delacroix1  
,eugne                                  
#c1 #af1 #ag1 #bd   ,fant9-,lat\r1 ,h5ri
                                        
#f1 #bd1 #be   ,gaugu91 ,paul           
#aj1 #aa1 #ch1 #ci   ,gogh1 ,v9c5t van  
#i-aj1 #aa1 #cf1 #cg   ,+res1           
,jean-,augu/e-,dom9ique                 
#b1 #d1 #i1 #ad1 #ae1 #bd   ,manet1 d\>d
                        #f-g1 #h1 #i1   
#aa1 #bf1 #bg1 #cj1 #cd   ,monet1       
,claude                                 
#g-h1 #aa1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #db           
,morisot1 ,b]!                          
#g1 #h1 #cj1 #ca1 #cd   ,r5oir1 ,augu/e 
cov]1 #g1 #h1 #db   ,t\l\se-,lautrec1   
,h5ri de                            #i1 
#aa1 #cd1 #ce              ,illu/ration3
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,transcrib]'s ,notes   --,sil5tly       
correct$ a few typos4  --,reta9$        
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3

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only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by     
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